gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Angiogenic Processes in a Time- and Dose-Dependent Manner In Vitro (2009)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received much attention as a potential treatment for myocardial infarction because of their potential to integrate into the host myocardium and repair the injured heart. The mode of action of stem cell-mediated cardiac repair is still somewhat unclear, including the potential role of MSCs in neovascularization. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of MSCs on angiogenesis-related endothelial cell (EC) behavior, including migration, monolayer permeability, and vessel formation and stabilization. In a noncontact coculture system, we found that MSCs increase EC proliferation and migration, promoting early events of angiogenesis, while also decreasing EC monolayer permeability. Further, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, MSCs in direct coculture with ECs on Matrigel can increase the persistence of preexisting vessels by greater than threefold, with complex vessels remaining stable for more than 10 days. The results demonstrate that MSCs play an active role in the cellular processes involved in the formation, stabilization, and maturation of newly formed vessels. Further, these outcomes are not governed solely by either paracrine or direct contact effects and are both time and dose dependent.
The Role of Normal Flora in Giardia lamblia Infections in Mice (2000)

The presence of normal bacterial flora in the intestinal tract is thought to protect against colonization by pathogens. Only a few specific examples of this protection have been demonstrated for bacterial pathogens and protozoan infections. Mice from one commercial breeding farm were found to be less susceptible to infection with Giardia lamblia than were isogenic mice from another facility. When mice were housed together, resistance to infection was readily transferred to normally susceptible mice. After resistant mice were treated with neomycin, differences in susceptibility to infection were shown to be due to differences in the resident flora present in these mice. These results suggest the possible use of probiotic therapy for prevention of G. lamblia infections and may help explain some of the variability of outcomes seen in G. lamblia infections in humans.
Generative adversarial simulator (2021)

Knowledge distillation between machine learning models has opened many new avenues for parameter count reduction, performance improvements, or amortizing training time when changing architectures between the teacher and student network. In the case of reinforcement learning, this technique has also been applied to distill teacher policies to students. Until now, policy distillation required access to a simulator or real world trajectories. In this paper we introduce a simulator-free approach to knowledge distillation in the context of reinforcement learning. A key challenge is having the student learn the multiplicity of cases that correspond to a given action. While prior work has shown that data-free knowledge distillation is possible with supervised learning models by generating synthetic examples, these approaches to are vulnerable to only producing a single prototype example for each class. We propose an extension to explicitly handle multiple observations per output class that seeks to find as many exemplars as possible for a given output class by reinitializing our data generator and making use of an adversarial loss. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of simulator-free knowledge distillation between a teacher and a student policy. This new approach improves over the state of the art on data-free learning of student networks on benchmark datasets (MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10), and we also demonstrate that it specifically tackles issues w ith m ultiple inpu t modes. We also identify open problems wh en distillingagents trained in high dimensional environments such as Pong, Breakout, or Seaquest.
Regioselectivity in the Intramolecular Allyl Transfer Reaction Catalyzed by Electrogenerated Nickel Complexes: Influence of Metal Ions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Long-term survival after initial hospital admission for peripheral arterial disease in the lower extremities (2009)

In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that, 5 year mortality risk is high, especially in men and comparable to that of patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Though, in general population the awareness of the severity of PAD in the lower extremities is significantly lower than that for any other cardiovascular disease and it seems that cardiovascular risk factor management for prevention in PAD patients is very modest.
Performance Analysis of a Countercurrent Flow Heat Exchanger Placed on the Truck Compartment Roof (2012)

Due to the increasing power requirement and the limited available space in vehicles, placing the heat exchanger at the roof or the underbody of vehicles might increase the possibility to handle the cooling requirement. A new configuration of the heat exchanger has to be developed to accommodate with the position change. In this paper, a countercurrent heat exchanger is developed for position on the roof of the vehicle compartment. In order to find an appropriate configuration of fins with high thermal performance on the air side, the computational fluid dynamics approach is applied for a comparative study among louver fin, wavy fin, and pin fin by using ANSYS FLUENT software. It is found that the louver fin performs high thermal performance and low pressure drop. Thus, the louver fin is chosen to be the configuration of the countercurrent flow heat exchanger. It is also found that the countercurrent flow heat exchanger presents higher heat transfer coefficient than the cross flow heat exchanger. Furthermore, the overall size and the air pumping power of the countercurrent flow heat exchanger are lower than those in the cross flow heat exchanger. Several suggestions and recommendations are highlighted.
Abstract 149: CD36 in Perivascular Macrophages Contributes to Neurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction and Amyloid Angiopathy in Mice Overexpressing the Alzheimer Aβ Peptide (2018)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) exerts deleterious effects on the cerebral microcirculation, which may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease and mixed dementias. In mouse models of amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpression, the vascular effects of Aβ require the innate immunity receptor CD36 in perivascular macrophages (PVM), immune cells located in the Virchow-Robin space surrounding penetrating cerebral vessels. PVM, in turn, induce vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction via NADPH oxidase (Park et al., Circ Res 2017). However, whether CD36 in PVM is involved in the cognitive impairment induced by Aβ remains unknown. We transplanted CD36 -/- bone marrow (BM) into irradiated male APP-overexpressing mice (Tg2576) (age 12 months) to repopulate their perivascular space with CD36 -/- PVM. Three months later, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry in the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized mice with a cranial window (n=5/group). Cognition was also tested (n=10/group). In Tg2576 mice transplanted with WT BM (Wt→Tg), CBF responses induced by whisker stimulation (WS) or neocortical superfusion of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) were attenuated compared to WT mice receiving WT BM (Wt→Wt) (WS, -35%; ACh, -36%; p&lt;0.05). CD36 -/- BM transplantation in Tg2576 mice (CD36 -/- →Tg) prevented the cerebrovascular dysfunction (CBF increases: WS: Wt→Tg, 9±1% vs. CD36 -/- →Tg, 21±2%; ACh: Wt→Tg, 9±1% vs CD36 -/- →Tg, 17±2%; p&lt;0.05), and reduced cerebrovascular amyloid deposition (thioflavin-S-based vascular amyloid load: -58%; p&lt;0.05 from Wt→Tg). Wt→Tg mice spent more time finding the escape hole at the Barnes maze test, indicating impairment in spatial memory (Wt→Wt, 965±166 sec; Wt→Tg, 1807±166 sec; p&lt;0.05), and showed impaired nest building ability (nesting score: Wt→Wt, 4.6±0.2; Wt→Tg, 1.8±0.2; p&lt;0.05). These cognitive deficits were ameliorated in CD36 -/- →Tg mice (Barnes maze: 1217±136 sec; nesting score: 2.7±0.3; p&lt;0.05 from Wt→Tg). We conclude that CD36 in PVM is critically involved in the cerebrovascular and cognitive dysfunctions induced by Aβ, and in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. CD36 in PVM may be a new therapeutic target to counteract the detrimental neurovascular and cognitive effects of amyloid pathology.
Glycosphingolipids Prevent APAP and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors-mediated Liver Damage: A Novel Method for “Safer Drug” Formulation that Prevents Drug-induced Liver Injury (2018)

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Acetaminophen (APAP) and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are common causes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). This study aimed to determine the ability to reduce APAP- and statins-mediated liver injury by using formulations that combine glycosphingolipids and vitamin E. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Mice were injected with APAP or with statins and treated before and after with β-glucosylceramide (GC), with or without vitamin E. Mice were followed for changes in liver enzymes, liver histology, hepatic expression of JNK, STAT3 and caspase 3, as well as intrahepatic natural killer T cells (NKT) and the serum cytokine levels by flow cytometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Administration of GC before or after APAP alleviated the liver damage, as noted by a reduction of the liver enzymes, improvement in the liver histology and decreased hepatic caspase 3 expression. Beneficial effect was associated with a reduction of the intrahepatic NKT, JNK expression in the liver, and increased glutathione in the liver, and decreased TNF-α serum levels. Synergistic effect of co-administration of GC with vitamin E was observed. Similar protective effect of GC on statin-mediated liver damage was documented by a reduction in liver enzymes and improved liver histology, which was mediated by reduction of NKT, increased STAT3 expression in the liver, and reduced the TGF-β and IL17 levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> β-glycosphingolipids exert a hepatoprotective effect on APAP- and statins-mediated liver damage. Vitamin E exerted a synergistic effect to that of GC. The generation of "safer drug" formulations, which include an active molecule combined with a hepatoprotective adjuvant, may provide an answer to the real unmet need of DILI.
Note on the presence ofHystrix(Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Malawi Chiwondo Beds (Plio-Pleistocene): taphonomical and palaeoecological implications (2011)

We evaluate the taxonomic affinities of an Hystricid from the Plio-Pleistocene hominid site of Uraha (Chiwondo Beds), northern Malawi. At the cross roads between eastern and southern Africa, these deposits are both unique and interesting because of their age (they encompass a period of major climatic change and have yielded early Homo remains). We describe here the third upper molar found in Uraha and compare it with Hystrix leakeyi Denys, 1987 and H. makapanensis Greenwood, 1958 specimens. The new specimen is smaller than H. makapanensis and H. leakeyi. It also differs from the fossil species by the absence of posteroloph and a smaller lingual sinus and oblique labial lophs. The new Hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 specimen has a small size and is bunodont, which differentiates it from the modern species found in Malawi today like H. cristata Linnaeus, 1758 and H. africaeaustralis Peters, 1852. It could belong either to a new species or enter into the variability of the described ones, but due to the low degree of knowledge of Hystrix molar morphology and variability as well as the very low number of specimens for comparison, we retain an indeterminate status for this specimen. Further, we ascribe the absence of small mammals and especially small rodents in these lake-shore deposits to taphonomic and palaeoecological phenomena.
An interconnect transient coupling induced noise susceptibility for dynamic circuits in deep submicron CMOS technology (2002)

This paper investigates the susceptibility of Dynamic Logic (DL) noises which are induced during interconnect coupling signal disturbances. We describe transient current/voltage coupling behaviors for a DL noise analysis in terms of far-end crosstalk peak voltage (/spl Delta/V/sub cr/) and DL's weak node noise voltage dip (/spl Delta/V/sub dn/) as a function of pull down transistor threshold voltage (V/sub t/) and signal input slew rate (S). The worst case interconnect arrays are modeled with accurate parasitic RLC elements extracted by 3D field solver and are connected to either high V/sub t/ and/or low V/sub t/ pull down transistor for DL's noise margin simulations. We fully investigate the impacts of driving signal's pull up/down transistor strength, duty cycle, and different operating conditions on transient crosstalk waveforms.
NAVEGANDO PELO ATLÂNTICO NO NAVIO DA MEMÓRIA: INTERCÂMBIOS CULTURAIS ENTRE BRASIL E ÁFRICA (2018)

The Africans, when forced to work in the Portuguese Colony, brought with them \nmany religious and cultural manifestations. However, those who had the opportunity to return \nto African incorporated some Brazilian cultural manifestations. In this sense, we can observe \nthe architectonic constructions of Benin and Nigeria that have shown themselves to be great \nworks influenced by Brazilian architecture. The tense contact between Europeans, \nMesoamerican natives and Africans in brazilian territory provided the latter with the \nimprovement of their construction techniques, and when they returned to the African \ncontinent, they incorporated to that space architectonic styles from the Portuguese-Brazilian \nexperiences and the vernaculars ones. Therefore, we are going to question how the “Brazilian \narchitecture” or the “Tropical-Portuguese architecture” was incorporated to the reality and to \nthe various African interests. We highlight, as well as how Brazil produced memories around \nAfrica.
Proceedings of the 9th India Software Engineering Conference (2016)

ISEC (India Software Engineering Conference) is the annual conference of iSOFT, the India chapter of ACM SIGSOFT (http://isoft.acm.org) under the umbrella of ACM India. The 9th ISEC (ISEC 2016 - http://www.isec2016.org/) is held at BITS Pilani, Goa, India. ISEC brings together researchers and practitioners from across the world to share the results of their work. The goal of the conference is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry to meet and share cutting-edge advancements in the field of software engineering. ISEC is happening in Goa for the first time in 9 years.
The Genomic Landscape of Antigenic Targets for T Cell-Based Leukemia Immunotherapy (2019)

Intensive fundamental and clinical research in cancer immunotherapy has led to the emergence and evolution of two parallel universes with surprisingly little interactions: the realm of hematologic malignancies and that of solid tumors. Treatment of hematologic cancers using allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) serendipitously led to the discovery that T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs) could cure hematopoietic cancers. Besides, studies based on treatment of solid tumor with <i>ex vivo</i>-expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or immune checkpoint therapy demonstrated that anti-tumor responses could be achieved by targeting tumor-specific antigens (TSAs). It is our contention that much insight can be gained by sharing the tremendous amount of data generated in the two-abovementioned universes. Our perspective article has two specific goals. First, to discuss the value of methods currently used for MiHA and TSA discovery and to explain the key role of mass spectrometry analyses in this process. Second, to demonstrate the importance of broadening the scope of TSA discovery efforts beyond classic annotated protein-coding genomic sequences.
Vibration Analysis of Thermoplastic Resin/Elastomer Sandwich Injection Moldings. (1998)

The vibration damping properties of sandwich-injection moldings are investigated. The sandwich plates used in this work are made of polystyrene (the skin layer) and thermoplastic elastomer (the core) formed by the foam process. The vibration tests have been conducted to obtain the damping factor, by applying an impulse with a hammer on the central portion of the plate under the free boundary condition. A method of finite-element analysis was used to analyze the damping factors of the sandwich-injection moldings. After its validity has been confirmed by experiments, the influences of the size and position of the core upon the damping factors are quantitatively discussed.
Electro‐Membrane Processes (2013)

Abstract Electromembrane processes are well‐established techniques for the production of potable water from brackish water. During recent years, these processes have witnessed penetration into many areas such as energy production, food processing, personal care products, healthcare, production of high quality water, biomolecules separation, sensors, organic separation, industrial effluent treatment, etc. In this article, the principle of the electromembrane process is described along with its advantages and limitations for various applications. Recent developments in ion‐exchange membranes and their utilization in various areas are also described briefly.
Silicon Surface Functionalization Targeting Si–N Linkages (2012)

Silicon substrates have been a fascinating topic of fundamental and applied research for well over 50 years. They have attracted even more attention over the last couple of decades with advances in chemical functionalization that made oxide-free silicon surfaces a reality. Fundamentally new electronic properties and chemical reactivity became available, and the focus of chemical research turned more toward targeting specific chemical bonds and functionalities on silicon. Although thermodynamics clearly drives most processes under ambient conditions toward the formation of an oxide layer, kinetic control of the oxidation processes and thermodynamic tricks based on gaining stability of surface monolayers with high-density assembly have allowed for the formation of stable Si-C bonds and Si-O-C linkages on oxide-free silicon crystals. This feature article targets recent advances in making Si-N linkages on the same oxide-free single crystals. It covers the range of chemical approaches to achieving this goal and offers possible chemistry that can take advantage of the systems produced. The present status of the field and the future directions of its development will be considered.
(Invited) Graphene and Graphene-Analogue Aerogels: Synthesis and Applications (2016)

Aerogels are porous solids used in a wide range of applications including sorbents, filtration, insulation, hydrogen storage, catalysis, batteries, and supercapacitors. Their unique properties are related to their high internal surface, low-density, and small pore/particle size. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as boron nitride and graphene, also exhibit a range of distinct optical, electronic, and mechanical properties, but are typically limited to thin films and coatings. Assembling 2D nanomaterials into monolithic aerogels expands their application space to include technologies and manufacturing processes that require a macroscopic 3D form factor. Furthermore, placing the novel intrinsic properties of 2D materials in a low-density, high surface area architecture has the potential to unlock exciting new properties and features only displayed in the aerogel system. Here, we present synthesis schemes for aerogels made from several different 2D materials, (e.g. boron nitride, graphene, dichalcogenides, etc.), including hybrid aerogels, combining two or more layered materials. Applications of these novel aerogels in applications including sorbents, sensing, energy storage, and catalysis will be covered. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Combined principal component preprocessing andn-tuple neural networks for improved classification (2000)

We present a combined principal component analysis/neural network scheme for classification. The data used to illustrate the method consist of spectral fluorescence recordings from seven different production facilities, and the task is to relate an unknown sample to one of these seven factories. The data are first preprocessed by performing an individual principal component analysis on each of the seven groups of data. The components found are then used for classifying the data, but instead of making a single multiclass classifier, we follow the ideas of turning a multiclass problem into a number of two-class problems. For each possible pair of classes we further apply a transformation to the calculated principal components in order to increase the separation between the classes. Finally we apply the so-called n-tuple neural network to the transformed data in order to give the classification system non-linear capabilities, and all derived two-class models are combined to facilitate multiclass classification. Validation results show that the combined scheme is superior to the individual methods. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical evaluation of the appetite test for children with severe acute malnutrition (2019)

Our findings question the use of the appetite test to identify children who need inpatient care. An assessment of medical complications alone could be a useful risk indicator but needs to be evaluated in other settings.
An FET-driven power thyristor (1987)

An experimental power thyristor structure is presented, featuring a bipolar gate as well as an FET-driven gate (n-channel MOSFET) on orthogonal sides of a quadratic chip. Thus, the two turn-on modes can be studied independently of each other on the identical thyristor. In addition, the influence of a switchable cathode-emitter short resistance (p-channel MOSFET), integrated on the same chip, is investigated for both types of gate. A simplified analytical model is proposed, assuming that transport effects, represented by a fictitious time dependence of the transport factors in the n- and p-base on one hand and current dependence of the injection coefficient of the cathode emitter on the other hand, are the only variables dominating during turn-on. A quantitative evaluation of the time-dependent thyristor current yields a theoretical description that is in good agreement with the experiment, both for the bipolar as well as for the FET-driven gate. In either case, measurements with and without the shorted emitter are presented. The FET-drive, inducing anode current without delay, leads to a higher dissipation during turn-on. In addition, the current threshold for turn-on is higher since the FET feeds the n-base rather than the p-base. An FET-driven thyristor thus has the advantage of being voltage controlled while the limit of high di/dt capability is more critical than in the conventional case. An additional feature of the structure presented is its potential to serve as a gate turn-off device.