gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES IN CARBOHYDRATES, PART XI. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ACETAMIDO‐2‐DEOXY‐4‐O‐β‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSYL‐3‐O‐METHYL‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE (N‐ACETYL‐3‐O‐METHYLLACTOSAMINE) AND ITS BENZYL α‐GLYCOSIDE (1985)

Abstract Der aus dem Benzylglykosid (Ia) dargestellte Methylether (Ib) wird in das Diol (Ic) übergeführt, das zum Monobenzoat (Id) reagiert.
Unsteady simulations of turbulent flow behind a triangular bluff body (1997)

Flows behind bluff bodies are unsteady for all but very small Reynolds numbers and are characterized by the presence of vortex shedding. Accurate prediction of time-mean reattachment length and downstream mixing of turbulent flow behind bluff bodies continues to be a challenging task for the CFD community. In the present paper, turbulent flow behind a triangular bluff body has been computed using several turbulence models as well as the Large Eddy Simulation technique. Results from the simulations have been compared with experimental data at a Reynolds number of 42,000. Influence of factors such as unsteadiness, three-dimensionality and effective viscosity on flow reattachment and mixing are discussed in the paper.
Impact of Antenna Distribution on Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Transmit Power Control Algorithms (2022)

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems are expected to provide faster and more robust connections to user equipments by cooperation of a massive number of distributed access points (APs), and to be one of the key technologies for beyond 5G (B5G). CF-mMIMO systems with multiple-antenna APs have been investigated from various viewpoints recently. However, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of antenna distribution on CF-mMIMO system performance has been done so far, which is important for practical deployment. Besides spectral efficiency, in B5G, energy efficiency of user equipments is one of the key indicators because various kinds of battery-limited devices connect to the network. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive performance analysis of the impact of antenna distribution on the performance indicators, while considering several combining/precoding schemes and transmit power control algorithms. For uplink maximal-ratio combining, the concentrated deployment has the best performance thanks to the channel hardening and favorable propagation phenomena. On the other hand, the concentrated deployment prominently suffers from shadowing effects. For uplink/downlink minimum mean-square error combining with transmit power control, the semi-distributed deployments show the best performance, and it implies that we can reduce the number of APs to 1/4 for uplink and to 1/2 for downlink while keeping the same performance as the fully-distributed deployment.
The NASPE*/BPEG** Generic Pacemaker Code for Antibradyarrhythmia and Adaptive‐Rate Pacing and Antitachyarrhythmia Devices (1987)

A new generic pacemaker code, derived from and compatible with the Revised ICHD Code, was proposed jointly by the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) Mode Code Committee and the British Pacing and Electrophysiology Group (BPEG), and has been adopted by the NASPE Board of Trustees. It is abbreviated as the NBG (for "NASPE/BPEG Generic") Code, and was developed to permit extension of the generic-code concept to pacemakers whose escape rate is continuously controlled by monitoring some physiologic variable, rather than determined by fixed escape intervals measured from stimuli or sensed depolarizations, and to antitachyarrhythmia devices including cardioverters and defibrillators. The NASPE/BPEG Code incorporates an "R" in the fourth position to signify rate modulation (adaptive-rate pacing), and one of four letters in the fifth position to indicate the presence of antitachyarrhythmia-pacing capability or of cardioversion or defibrillation functions.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic Rhodium Complexes as Catalysts for the Hydroformylation of Olefins. (1990)

Abstract The zwitterionic catalyst (I) is shown to display exceptionally high regioselectivity in the hydroformylation of vinylarenes and vinyl ethers such as (IIa) and (IIb) to give the branched‐chain aldehydes (IV), while sterically hindered olefins such as (IIe) or (IIf) afford the linear aldehydes (V) in a regiospecific process.
Copper(I) Bromide (2004)

[7787-70-4] BrCu (MW 143.45) InChI = 1/BrH.Cu/h1H;/q;+1/p-1/fBr.Cu/h1h;/q-1;m InChIKey = NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-ZFYMQJCYCJ CuBr·SMe2 [54678-23-8] C2H6BrCuS (MW 205.59) InChI = 1/C2H6S.BrH.Cu/c1-3-2;;/h1-2H3;1H;/q;;+1/p-1/fC2H6S.Br.Cu/h;1h;/q;-1;m InChIKey = PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-GUDWEBAYCB (precursor for organocopper(I) reagents and organocuprates;1a–f catalyst for diazo chemistry) Alternate Name: cuprous bromide. Physical Data: mp 504 °C; the complex with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) decomposes at ca. 130 °C; d 4.720 g cm−3. Solubility: insoluble in H2O and most organic solvents; partially soluble in dimethyl sulfide. Form Supplied in: light green or blue-tinged white solid. 99.999% grade available. The DMS complex is a white solid. Preparative Methods: commercial copper bromide is often contaminated; the use of freshly prepared or purified copper bromide is strongly advised. Copper bromide can be prepared by reduction of CuBr238 or CuSO4–NaBr.39 Purity: the colored impurities in the title reagent can be removed from the commercial samples by dissolving an appropriate quantity of CuBr in a saturated aqueous solution of KBr over 30 min. Subsequent cooling, treating with charcoal, filtering, and diluting with water allows for the formation of the CuBr precipitate.40 Traces of iron salts can be removed via the sulfide complex.41 Alternatively, copper bromide can be purified by precipitation from 48% HBr. The precipitate is filtered and washed sequentially with water, ethanol, and ether, then finally dried under vacuum.42 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: maintenance of a dry N2 or Ar atmosphere is recommended. The DMS complex must be tightly sealed to prevent loss of DMS. Storage of this complex in a cold place is recommended.
First Results of the Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the NEMO 3 Detector (2005)

The NEMO 3 detector, which has been operating in the Fr\'ejus underground laboratory since February 2003, is devoted to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}0\ensuremath{\nu}$). The half-lives of the two neutrino double-beta decay ($\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}2\ensuremath{\nu}$) have been measured for $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$ and $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$. After 389 effective days of data collection from February 2003 until September 2004 (phase I), no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay was found from $\ensuremath{\sim}7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}$ of $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}$ of $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$. The corresponding limits are ${T}_{1/2}(\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}0\ensuremath{\nu})&gt;4.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{23}\text{ }\mathrm{yr}$ for $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$ and ${T}_{1/2}(\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}0\ensuremath{\nu})&gt;1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{23}\text{ }\mathrm{yr}$ for $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$ (90% C.L.). Depending on the nuclear matrix element calculation, the limits for the effective Majorana neutrino mass are $⟨{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}⟩&lt;0.7--2.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ for $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$ and $⟨{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}⟩&lt;1.7--4.9\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ for $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$.
Three-Dimensional Seepage through Spatially Random Soil (1997)

This paper brings together random field generation and finite-element techniques to model steady seepage through a three-dimensional (3D) soil domain in which the permeability is randomly distributed in space. The analyses focus on the classical problem of steady seepage beneath a single sheet pile wall embedded in a finite layer of soil. The analyses treat the soil permeability as a spatially random property with specified mean, variance, and spatial correlation length. The influence of the spatial correlation or “scale of fluctuation” is given special consideration, since this aspect is not always included in probabilistic geotechnical analysis. The value of permeability assigned to each element comes from a lognormally distributed random field derived from local averages of a normally distributed random field. The local averaging allows the element dimensions to be rationally accounted for on a statistical basis. The influence of three-dimensionality is given particular emphasis and contrasted with results that are obtained using an idealized two-dimensional model. For the computationally intensive 3D finite-element analyses, strategies are described for optimizing the efficiency of the code in relation to memory and central processing unit requirements. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to establish statistics relating to quantities of interest to designers such as the flow rate. The potential value of this approach is emphasized by presenting the results in the context of reliability-based design.
Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre‐emergent hair to affect post‐emergent hair cuticle integrity (2017)

Pre-emergent hair can be negatively impacted by the oxidative stress that occurs with an unhealthy scalp, possibly due to metabolic activity of resident microbes. Manifestations of the oxidative stress include altered cuticle surface properties that are responsible for its protective function; these effects are similar in type to those observed by bleaching post-emergent hair. These alterations have the potential to make the hair, once emerged from the scalp, more susceptible to the cumulative physical and chemical insults responsible for hair feel and look, fiber integrity, and overall retention.
Acetabular Version Measurement in Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Impact of Inclination and the Value of Multi-Planar CT Reformation (2015)

There is inherent variability between the many methods utilized for defining and measuring acetabular version, with axial CT measurements often used as an accepted proxy for true cup anteversion. However, the variability between different measurement techniques is correlated with acetabular inclination, and this variability is most pronounced when acetabular inclination is low, ultimately leading to potential confusion in measurement terminology. The increasingly widespread availability of multi-planar CT reformations provides an opportunity to standardize methodology, eliminate the impact of inclination on acetabular version measurements, and potentially provide a more reliable comparison of the impact of cup orientation on surgical outcomes.
Time-multiplexed video transmission system: a bandwidth efficient technique for high-quality television transmission via satellite (1991)

A bandwidth-efficient television transmission technique called time-multiplexed video transmission (TMVT) is described. The TMVT system uses a two-dimensional filtering and interpolation technique to reduce the transmission bandwidth of TV signals, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of a satellite transponder by approximately 50%. The system adopts the time-multiplexed component transmission scheme with a single carrier to eliminate interference between different TV signals transmitted through the same satellite transponder, and to avoid the intermodulation between the multiple FM carriers, as in the conventional frequency division multiplexing (FDM) approach. A prototype hardware system has been built and tested, with results closely matching the theoretical analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relationship of blood flow changes of the human optic nerve with neural retinal activity: a new approach to the study of neuro-ophthalmic disorders (2002)

Under specific experimental conditions, changes in human RF onh are quantitatively correlated with those of the flicker ERG 2F amplitudes. Since the 2F component reflects, unlike 1F, a strong contribution from inner retina, the present findings support the presence of an association between vasoactivity and inner retinal activity changes in the human eye. This finding may provide a new approach to the study of neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Validation of the lung cancer staging system revisions using a large prospective clinical trial database (ACOSOG Z0030). (2010)

7021 Background: A new revision of the international lung cancer staging system has been recently introduced. The revisions are largely focused on the T descriptor. We sought to test the validity of this new system on a separate prospectively collected cohort of patients from a recent multicenter trial of early-stage lung cancer. Methods: We reviewed the prospectively collected data from 1,087 patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer in the ACOSOG Z0030 trial. TNM descriptors and overall staging were assessed using both the 6th and 7th editions of the AJCC/UICC lung cancer staging system. Survival results were analyzed according to both staging allocations. Results: The number of patients by stage in the 6th and 7th edition allocations respectively were as follows: IA (454, 453); IB (417, 314); IIA (42, 180); IIB (107, 75); IIIA (44, 64); IIIB (23,1); there were no stage IV patients by either version. Overall survival comparisons are provided in the Table. Conclusions: This study provides the first external validation of the recently revised lung cancer staging system using a large multicenter database. Inasmuch as its revisions concentrate predominantly on the T descriptor, the 7th edition does produce prognostic results that demonstrate monotonic progression, distinction between groups, and homogeneity within groups. The 7th edition of the AJCC/UICC lung cancer staging system appears to be an improvement over the preceding system. 6th edition T/N stage Median survival (yrs) 5-year survival (%) p value* T1 NA 73.5 - T2 6.9 59.1 <0.0001 T3 2.6 24.3 0.0002 T4 2.4 44.4 0.5232 N0 8.7 68.2 - N1 4.0 43.3 <0.0001 N2 2.7 36.1 0.6881 IA NA 76.0 - IB 7.9 62.9 <0.0001 IIA 3.9 46.1 0.0181 IIB 3.9 41.2 0.7026 IIIA 1.8 28.0 0.2678 IIIB 2.4 44.4 0.4806 7th edition T/N stage T1 NA 74.4 - T1a NA 75.4 - T1b 9.1 73.1 0.3896 T2 6.9 59.2 - T2a 6.9 61.2 0.0058 T2b 5.1 51.1 0.0631 T3 3.0 39.6 0.2088 T4 1.4 - 0.0041 N0 8.7 68.2 - N1 4.0 43.3 <0.0001 N2 2.7 36.1 0.6881 IA NA 77.0 - IB 8.5 64.9 0.0002 IIA 4.4 48.5 0.0003 IIB 3.6 42.9 0.4668 IIIA 1.8 30.6 0.1203 T1 vs. T2, p value < 0.0001 T2 vs. T3, p value = 0.0021 T3 vs. T4, p value = 0.0041. * Stage groups were consecutively compared (i.e., IA vs. IB, IB vs. IIA, etc.). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dielectric Spectroscopy of Melons for Potential Quality Sensing (2008)

Several cultivars of cantaloupe, honeydew melons, and watermelons were planted and harvested with a range of maturities for dielectric properties measurements and moisture and soluble solids content (SSC) determination. Permittivities (dielectric constants and dielectric loss factors) were determined over the frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and network analyzer for both interior tissue and surface measurements. Permittivity data are presented graphically for all three types of melons. High correlations were noted between SSC and moisture content in the tissues of all three kinds of melons, with SSC increasing linearly with decreasing moisture content of the edible tissues. Dielectric properties determined by measurements on the external surface of the melons had lower values than those of the internal tissues. Dielectric properties were similar for all three melon types, and they reflect the influence of the dielectric behavior of free water. No obvious correlations were noted between the dielectric properties and the SSC (sweetness) for sensing the quality of the melons.
RESOLVE for Lunar Polar Ice/Volatile Characterization Mission (2011)

Ever since data from the neutron spectrometer instrument on the Lunar Prospector mission indicated the possibility of significant concentrations of hydrogen at the lunar poles, speculation on the form and concentration of the hydrogen has been debated. The recent impact of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) along with thermal, topographic, neutron spectrometry, and radar frequency data obtained from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) have provided more information suggesting significant amounts of water/ice and other volatiles may be available in the top 1 to 2 meters of regolith at the lunar poles. The next step in understanding what resources are available at the lunar poles is to perform a mission to obtain ground truth. data. To meet this need, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) along with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) have been working on a prototype payload known as the Regolith & Environment Science and Oxygen & Lunar Volatile Extraction experiment, or RESOLVE.
Development of the Model for Estimating Coke Fine Ratio in Blast Furnace (2022)

Improving operation performance of blast furnaces is necessary to reduce CO2 emissions and pig iron costs. One of the important factors for the operation is keeping gas permeability well in the blast furnace. Coke fines affect gas permeability and the operation condition become worse, therefore clarification and prediction of the generation behavior of coke fines in blast furnaces are desired.
On measurement structures and the maximal accuracy of linear filters (1982)

The linear filtering problem cast in convolution operator form is linked with a deterministic optimal control problem. Hilbert space analysis is employed and this permits theory for the maximal accuracy of the optimal control problem to be applied verbatim to the filtering problem. The relevance of the convolution form of the filtering problem is demonstrated by its use in specifying several output or measurement structure problems. These local and global measurement structure problems for a linear filter are exemplified.
Duodenal bacterial overgrowth during treatment in outpatients with omeprazole. (1994)

The extent of duodenal bacterial overgrowth during the pronounced inhibition of acid secretion that occurs with omeprazole treatment is unknown. The bacterial content of duodenal juice of patients treated with omeprazole was therefore examined in a controlled prospective study. Duodenal juice was obtained under sterile conditions during diagnostic upper endoscopy. Aspirates were plated quantitatively for anaerobic and aerobic organisms. Twenty five outpatients with peptic ulcer disease were investigated after a 5.7 (0.5) weeks (mean (SEM)) treatment course with 20 mg (nine patients) or 40 mg (16 patients). The control group consisted of 15 outpatients referred for diagnostic endoscopy without prior antisecretory treatment. No patient in the control group had duodenal bacterial overgrowth. In the omeprazole group bacterial overgrowth (> or = 10(5) cfu/ml) was found in 14 (56%) patients (p = 0.0003). The number of bacteria (log10) in duodenal juice in patients treated with omeprazole was distinctly higher (median 5.7; range < 2-8.7) when compared with the control group (median < 2; range < 2-5.0; p = 0.0004). As well as orally derived bacteria, faecal type bacteria were found in seven of 14 and anaerobic bacteria in three of 14 patients. Bacterial overgrowth was similar with the two doses of omeprazole. These results indicate that duodenal bacterial overgrowth of both oral and faecal type bacteria occurs often in ambulatory patients treated with omeprazole. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings, particularly in high risk groups during long term treatment with omeprazole.
Spinal cord stimulation restores sensation, improves function, and reduces phantom pain after transtibial amputation (2022)

SUMMARY In the United States, over 1.5 million people live with lower-limb amputation. Existing prosthetic limbs do not restore somatosensory feedback from the limb, resulting in functional impairments including balance deficits and an increased risk of falls. Further, these prostheses do not alleviate the severe phantom limb pain that often follows amputation. Leveraging clinically available spinal cord stimulation electrodes, we designed a system that restores somatosensation in the missing limb, thereby improving balance and gait and reducing phantom limb pain. We show that spinal cord stimulation can evoke sensations in the missing foot and that we can control the location and intensity of those sensations. Further, by modulating stimulation intensity in real time based on signals from a wireless pressure-sensitive shoe insole, subjects exhibit improvements in functional measures of balance and gait stability. Finally, over the duration of the implant period, subjects experienced a clinically meaningful decrease in phantom limb pain. These combined results demonstrate that, with an electrode technology that is currently in widespread clinical use, our approach has the potential to become an important intervention for lower-limb amputation.
Stochastic approximation with series of delayed observations (2017)

The stochastic approximation procedure with series of delayed observations is investigated. The procedure is formed by modifying the Robbins–Monro stochastic approximation procedure to be applicable in the presence of series of delayed observations. The modified procedure depends on a new base concerning the relation between service time of the series and service times of its components. Two loss systems are introduced for application to the proposed procedure. This new situation can be applied to increase the production of items in many fields such as biological, medical, life time experiments, and some industrial projects, where items are realized after random time delays. The efficiency of the procedure is computed. Our proposal is general and we expect that it can be applied to any other stochastic approximation procedure.
Optimal Deployment for Magnetic Induction-Based Wireless Networks in Challenged Environments (2013)

New propagation techniques using magnetic induction (MI) waveguide solves the problems of traditional techniques in many challenged environments, such as underground, mines/tunnels, and oil reservoirs. However, deploying MI waveguides to connect the wireless nodes in such networks is challenging due to the high deployment cost, the complex shape of the communication range of the MI waveguides, and the significant impacts of the node failure and relay coil displacement. To date, the deployment problems in the MI-based networks have not been addressed. In this paper, the optimal MI waveguide deployment strategies are investigated in both one and two dimensional MI-based networks where the nodes are distributed either randomly or according to a regular lattice. Validated by both theoretical deduction and simulations, the proposed deployment strategies can construct a reliable MI-based network that is robust to node failure and relay coil displacement with minimum cost.
CCDC 1015927: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2013)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from ONC212 is a Novel Mitocan Acting Synergistically with Glycolysis Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig S1. ClpXP expression in normal fibroblasts and pancreatic cancer cells. Supplementary Fig S2. ClpP knockdown affects cell viability and partially restores the expression of ONC212-downregulated OXPHOS proteins. Supplementary Fig S3. ONC212 triggers AMPK activation. Supplementary Fig S4. Glycolysis upregulation in BxPC3 and PANC-1 cells. Supplementary Fig S5. In vivo activity of ONC212 plus 2-DG. Supplementary Fig S6. Tolerability of ONC212 plus 2-DG.&lt;/p&gt;