gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell microvesicles activate the contact system, leading to factor IX activation via 2 independent pathways (2020)

Storage lesion-induced, red cell-derived microvesicles (RBC-MVs) propagate coagulation by supporting the assembly of the prothrombinase complex. It has also been reported that RBC-MVs initiate coagulation via the intrinsic pathway. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of RBC-MV-induced coagulation activation, the ability of storage lesion-induced RBC-MVs to activate each zymogen of the intrinsic pathway was assessed in a buffer system. Simultaneously, the thrombin generation (TG) assay was used to assess their ability to initiate coagulation in plasma. RBC-MVs directly activated factor XII (FXII) or prekallikrein, but not FXI or FIX. RBC-MVs initiated TG in normal pooled plasma and in FXII- or FXI-deficient plasma, but not in FIX-deficient plasma, suggesting an alternate pathway that bypasses both FXII and FXI. Interestingly, RBC-MVs generated FIXa in a prekallikrein-dependent manner. Similarly, purified kallikrein activated FIX in buffer and initiated TG in normal pooled plasma, as well as FXII- or FXI-deficient plasma, but not FIX-deficient plasma. Dual inhibition of FXIIa by corn trypsin inhibitor and kallikrein by soybean trypsin inhibitor was necessary for abolishing RBC-MV-induced TG in normal pooled plasma, whereas kallikrein inhibition alone was sufficient to abolish TG in FXII- or FXI-deficient plasma. Heating RBC-MVs at 60°C for 15 minutes or pretreatment with trypsin abolished TG, suggesting the presence of MV-associated proteins that are essential for contact activation. In summary, RBC-MVs activate both FXII and prekallikrein, leading to FIX activation by 2 independent pathways: the classic FXIIa-FXI-FIX pathway and direct kallikrein activation of FIX. These data suggest novel mechanisms by which RBC transfusion mediates inflammatory and/or thrombotic outcomes.
Airborne cloud condensation nuclei measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (2011)

Airborne measurements of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were conducted aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D platform during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS/GoMACCS). The measurements were conducted in regions influenced by industrial and urban sources. Observations show significant local variability of CCN activity (CCN/CN from 0.1 to 0.5 at s = 0.43%), while variability is less significant across regional scales (∼100 km × 100 km; CCN/CN is ∼0.1 at s = 0.43%). CCN activity can increase with increasing plume age and oxygenated organic fraction. CCN measurements are compared to predictions for a number of mixing state and composition assumptions. Mixing state assumptions that assumed internally mixed aerosol predict CCN concentrations well. Assuming organics are as hygroscopic as ammonium sulfate consistently overpredicted CCN concentrations. On average, the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction is 60 ± 14% of the organic aerosol. We show that CCN closure can be significantly improved by incorporating knowledge of the WSOC fraction with a prescribed organic hygroscopicity parameter (κ = 0.16 or effective κ ∼ 0.3). This implies that the hygroscopicity of organic mass is primarily a function of the WSOC fraction. The overall aerosol hygroscopicity parameter varies between 0.08 and 0.88. Furthermore, droplet activation kinetics are variable and 60% of particles are smaller than the size characteristic of rapid droplet growth. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
SIX YEARS OF OUTPATIENT LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE SUPPORT (1999)

Morales, David; Goldstein, Daniel; Catanese, Katherine; Helman, David; Mancini, Donna; Rose, Eric; Oz, Mehmet
Abstract C100: KRAS mutations in circulating cell-free DNA of colorectal cancer patients in progression after MoAb anti-EGFR therapy. (2013)

Abstract Background: Anti-EGFR therapy is a standard treatment strategy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with a wild type KRAS status. Inevitably, resistance mechanisms arise in the majority of patients during treatment, and re-biopsy of the tumor is the only way to characterize the molecular alterations responsible for the resistance. Circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA) is released into the bloodstream by tumor cells, and its recovery could represent a valid non-invasive alternative to biopsy for the molecular characterization of the tumor. The aim of this study is to search for KRAS mutations in the cftDNA of mCRC patients in progression after treatment with an anti-EGFR MoAb. Methods: Fourteen mCRC patients with KRAS wild type status identified previously in tumor tissue by pyrosequencing were treated with an anti-EGFR MoAb until progression. cftDNA was extracted from 1-2 ml of plasma collected at baseline and after progression. Digital Real Time PCR was performed for KRAS G12D and G12V mutations using a QX100™ ddPCR™ System (Bio-Rad). Samples were then loaded into a droplet reader that discriminates between the different fluorescence amplitudes on the basis of target gene amplification. Results: KRAS mutation analysis performed by Digital PCR revealed that mutations (2 G12V and 1 G12D) were present in cftDNA extracted after progression in 3 (21%) of the 14 patients. KRAS analysis was then also performed in DNA extracted from primary tumor tissue and from basal cftDNA. Interestingly, the same mutations were found in the corresponding tumor tissue, confirming the higher sensitivity of Digital PCR with respect to pyrosequencing analysis. Moreover, in 2 of the 3 patients, the KRAS mutation was also present in basal cftDNA. Discussion: Our preliminary results reveal that cftDNA could be a suitable non-invasive approach for the molecular characterization of tumors and could be especially useful to monitor the development of resistance mechanisms, thus avoiding the need for re-biopsy. We also showed that KRAS mutations would not seem to represent a mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR MoAbs in mCRC patients and are probably present in minor clones at baseline but not detected by standard methods. The use of highly sensitive methods, such as Digital PCR, could enable us to detect these minor mutations in tumor tissue and to monitor response to anti-EGFR MoAbs using cftDNA. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C100. Citation Format: Paola Ulivi, Marzia Del Re, Alessandro Passardi, Giorgia Marisi, Dino Amadori, Fabio Casacci, Martina Valgiusti, Wainer Zoli, Romano Danesi. KRAS mutations in circulating cell-free DNA of colorectal cancer patients in progression after MoAb anti-EGFR therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C100.
Origin of Broad Emission Spectra in InP Quantum Dots: Contributions from Structural and Electronic Disorder (2018)

The ensemble emission spectra of colloidal InP quantum dots are broader than achievable spectra of cadmium- and lead-based quantum dots, despite similar single-particle line widths and significant efforts invested in the improvement of synthetic protocols. We seek to explain the origin of persistently broad ensemble emission spectra of colloidal InP quantum dots by investigating the nature of the electronic states responsible for luminescence. We identify a correlation between red-shifted emission spectra and anomalous broadening of the excitation spectra of luminescent InP colloids, suggesting a trap-associated emission pathway in highly emissive core-shell quantum dots. Time-resolved pump-probe experiments find that electrons are largely untrapped on photoluminescence relevant time scales pointing to emission from recombination of localized holes with free electrons. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy on InP quantum dots reveals multiple emissive states and increased electron-phonon coupling associated with hole localization. These localized hole states near the valence band edge are hypothesized to arise from incomplete surface passivation and structural disorder associated with lattice defects. We confirm the presence and effect of lattice disorder by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering measurements. Participation of localized electronic states that are associated with various classes of lattice defects gives rise to phonon-coupled defect related emission. These findings explain the origins of the persistently broad emission spectra of colloidal InP quantum dots and suggest future strategies to narrow ensemble emission lines comparable to what is observed for cadmium-based materials.
Baicalin is a substrate of OATP2B1 and OATP1B3 (2018)

The use and significance of baicalin, the main bioactive component found in Radix Scutellaria, have been on the rise due to its interesting pharmacological properties. Baicalin, a low passive permeability compound, is directly absorbed from the upper intestine and its hepatic elimination is dominant. However, interaction but no transport studies have implicated organic anion‐transporting polypeptides in its cellular uptake. By using mammalian cells stably expressing the uptake transporters of interest, we are showing that baicalin is a potent substrate of Organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) and less potent substrate of OATP1B3. OATP2B1 and OATP1B3 transport baicalin and may play a role in the hepatic uptake of baicalin formed in the intestine.
Controlled release and synergistic effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on phosphate corrosion inhibitor at the interface of thermal insulation and carbon steel (2015)

Purpose – This paper aims to study the controlled release and synergistic effect of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on phosphate corrosion inhibitor at the interface of thermal insulation cotton/carbon steel. Design/methodology/approach – This study was carried out using a coating method, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and AC impedance. Findings – The single-phase phosphate particles were coated/adsorbed on the PVA film, which was formed on the fiber surface of corrosion inhibitor/PVA-impregnated rock wool sample. On the surface of Q235 steel, an effective protective film was formed by the corrosion inhibitor with partially dissolved PVA that can significantly increase the polarization resistance of corrosion reaction, and reduce the capacitive reactance of electric double layer. The rock wool impregnated with the phosphate corrosion inhibitor and 1.5 per cent PVA showed obvious controlled release and inhibition synergism. Originality/value – The rock wool impregnated with the phosphate corrosion inhibitor and 1.5 per cent PVA showed the following advantages: the adsorption and release quantities of the corrosion inhibitor increased by 3.3 and 2.9 times, respectively; the release-adsorption equilibrium time increased from 2 to 6 h; and the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased from 61.55 per cent to 94.6 per cent.
Photoelectrochemical Deposition of Cadmium Telluride Using Tri‐N‐Butylphosphine Telluride (1987)

Thin film cadmium telluride has been deposited cathodically on titanium in a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) using a propylene carbonate solution of Cd(II) and tri‐n‐butylphosphine telluride (BPT) at 100°C. Illumination of the cathode enhances the cathodic current relative to that observed during the dark process. Furthermore, the current under illumination decreases more slowly than it does for the dark process, providing thicker films in a shorter time. Under illumination, the Te/Cd ratio of the film is independent of light intensity and applied potential in the range, −0.8 to −1.4V . This ratio and the deposition current depend on the concentration of cadmium ion relative to that for BPT. Thicknesses ofca. 0.5 μm are obtained in 15 min for films that have a Te/Cd ratio of ca. 1.0. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicates that Cd (II) and BPT form a complex that is involved in the electron transfer process. A mechanism consistent with these results is proposed.
Figure S4 from Activation of KRAS Mediates Resistance to Targeted Therapy in MET Exon 14–mutant Non–small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Trametinib suppresses MYC expression.&lt;/p&gt;
How to Infer Porosity from Seismic Data by Using Effective Medium Modeling? A Case Study in the Fort Worth Basin (2015)

Summary Many geophysical studies in reservoir characterization focus on the variations in the elastic properties of rocks. They commonly involve seismic data, which are processed in terms of seismic attributes. These processed data still have to be related to the physical properties of the rock mass and the fluids saturating the pore space. This need motivated the development of research projects referring to the effective medium theory (EMT). In the present, we refer to EMT to infer porosity data from seismic impedances within a fractured reservoir. The leading idea is to take advantage of the available impedances to characterize the spherical porosity and the crack density. We develop an effective medium model that provides numerical responses for seismic impedances. These responses are then compared to the impedances obtained from stratigraphic inversion. The overall procedure consists in adjusting the input parameters of the EMT model, which are spherical porosity and crack density, to minimize the impedance mismatch. Our case study concerns the limestone formations of the Fort Worth Basin (Marble Falls and Ellenburger formation). Results are promising and the EMT could be a very useful tool to explain reservoir and geophysical data in terms of microstructural properties, in particular for fractured reservoirs.
Ecosystems perspective on financial networks: diagnostic tools (2013)

The economical world consists of a highly interconnected and interdependent network of firms. Here we develop temporal and structural network tools to analyze the state of the economy. Our analysis indicates that a strong clustering can be a warning sign. Reduction in diversity, which was an essential aspect of the dynamics surrounding the crash in 2008, is seen as a key emergent feature arising naturally from the evolutionary and adaptive dynamics inherent to the financial markets. Similarly, collusion amongst construction firms in a number of regions in Japan in the 2000s can be identified with the formation of clusters of anomalous highly connected companies.
Accuracy measures for evaluating computer pointing devices (2001)

In view of the difficulties in evaluating computer pointing devices across different tasks within dynamic and complex systems, new performance measures are needed. This paper proposes seven new accuracy measures to elicit (sometimes subtle) differences among devices in precision pointing tasks. The measures are target re-entry, task axis crossing, movement direction change, orthogonal direction change, movement variability, movement error, and movement offset. Unlike movement time, error rate, and throughput, which are based on a single measurement per trial, the new measures capture aspects of movement behaviour during a trial. The theoretical basis and computational techniques for the measures are described, with examples given. An evaluation with four pointing devices was conducted to validate the measures. A causal relationship to pointing device efficiency (viz. throughput) was found, as was an ability to discriminate among devices in situations where differences did not otherwise appear. Implications for pointing device research are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ireland‐Claisen Rearrangements of Chiral Z‐Vinylsilanes (I). Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of anti‐α‐Alkoxy‐β‐( dimethylphenylsilyl)‐E‐hex‐4‐enoates (III), (IV). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two improved flux weakening schemes for surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine drives employing space vector modulation (2002)

Surface-mounted synchronous permanent magnet (SMSPM) machines have been considered thus far unsuitable for an efficient, wide-range flux weakening operation. Two improved schemes proposed here provide stable and reliable operation up to a speed equal 3.5 times the base speed, without dependence on machine parameters, usage of look-up tables or DC bus voltage measurements. Both schemes employ space vector modulation with the option of smooth transition to six-step mode through the over-modulation range, maximizing the available torque. The first scheme ensures exact torque command tracking, while the second intrinsically gives a steady state error in the flux weakening area. The second method, on the other hand, is computationally simpler, and the steady state torque error is not a critical feature if the torque control loop is an inner loop.
Vertically Stacked Surface-Emitting Laser Diodes Array for High-Brightness Application (2010)

Vertically stacked array is based on grating coupled surface emitting laser diodes with monolithically integrated wavelength control element. Advanced performance of individual emitters allows exploiting spatial and spectral beam combining to achieve high brightness sources.
Molecular basis of tissue tropism of bacterial meningitis (1998)

Bacterial meningitis continues to be a serious health threat with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of potent bactericidal antibiotics, bacterial infection of the subarachnoid space often leads to serious complications. The most common etiologic agents in adults and children after the neonatal period are Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. During the neonatal period, when the disease is more common than at any later time of life, the most common causative organisms are Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli.
Sound focusing in liquid using a varifocal acoustic mirror (2015)

This paper reports a method to focus sound in liquid to a desired point using a PDMS-based varifocal acoustic mirror. We used PDMS-air boundary as a sound reflector to concentrate sound. By adjusting the curvature radius of the acoustic mirror, we could change the position where sound was concentrated. We confirmed that our method was able to improve the output of the acoustic sensor for different sound source positions.
Bat cells from Pteropus alecto are susceptible to influenza A virus infection and reassortment (2013)

Waterfowl are primary hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs); however, there is sporadic infection of swine and other species that pose a risk of zoonotic spread. Yellow-shouldered bats were shown to be hosts of an IAV, thereby constituting a potential novel reservoir. We show that Pteropus alecto kidney cells (PaKi) are susceptible to infection and sustain replication of A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1). Importantly, we show that co-infection of PaKi cells results in novel reassortants.
Nonpathological ISS-Lyapunov Functions for Interconnected Differential Inclusions (2021)

This article concerns robustness analysis for interconnections of two dynamical systems (described by upper semicontinuous differential inclusions) using a generalized notion of derivatives associated with locally Lipschitz Lyapunov functions obtained from a finite family of differentiable functions. We first provide sufficient conditions for input-to-state stability (ISS) for differential inclusions, using a class of non-smooth (but locally Lipschitz) candidate Lyapunov functions and the concept of Lie generalized derivative. In general our conditions are less conservative than the more common Clarke derivative based conditions. We apply our result to state-dependent switched systems, and to the interconnection of two differential inclusions. As an example, we propose an observer-based controller for certain nonlinear two-mode state-dependent switched systems.
Advanced Iron-Loss Estimation for Nonlinear Material Behavior (2012)

The aim of an optimal design of electrical machines requires the accurate prediction of iron losses for various operating points. For this purpose different iron-loss models have been proposed which intent to describe the loss inducing effects. The most used iron-loss prediction formulas are either physically based, but nevertheless only valid for linear material behavior at low frequencies and low magnetic flux densities, or grounded on a pure mathematical description of the material behavior, that is not more than interpolated measurements. This paper presents a modified loss equation with semi-physically based parameters as well as a first try to explain the nonlinear loss component.
$H_2$ optimal decoupling of previewed signals in the discrete-time case (2002)

The synthesis of a feedforward unit for H2 optimal decoupling of measurable or previewed signals in discrete-time linear time-invariant systems is considered. It is shown that &#13;\nan H2 optimal compensator can be achieved by connecting a finite impulse response (FIR) &#13;\nsystem and a stable dynamic unit. To derive the FIR system convolution profiles an easily &#13;\nimplementable computational scheme based on pseudoinversion (possibly nested to avoid &#13;\ncomputational constraints) is proposed, while the dynamic unit is derived by solving a &#13;\nstandard LQR problem, in general cheap or singular.
Integrin αv-mediated inactivation of p53 controls a MEK1-dependent melanoma cell survival pathway in three-dimensional collagen (2004)

Integrin alphav is required for melanoma cell survival and tumor growth in various models. To elucidate integrin alphav-mediated melanoma cell survival mechanisms, we used a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel model mimicking the pathophysiological microenvironment of malignant melanoma in the dermis. We found that integrin alphav inactivated p53 and that suppression of p53 activity by dominant negative p53 or p53-small interfering RNA obviated the need for integrin alphav for melanoma cell survival in 3D-collagen and for tumor growth in vivo. This indicates that integrin alphav-mediated inactivation of p53 functionally controls melanoma cell survival. Furthermore, we found that melanoma cell integrin alphav was required for MAPK kinase (MEK) 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity in 3D-collagen, whereas inhibition of MEK1 activity induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, MEK1 and ERK1/2 activities were restored in integrin alphav-negative melanoma cells by suppression of p53, whereas concomitant block of MEK1 induced apoptosis. This suggests that integrin alphav controls melanoma cell survival in 3D-collagen through a pathway involving p53 regulation of MEK1 signaling.