gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brazing to low-temperature-fired thick films (1990)

The development of materials and processes for brazing leads, pins, and heat sinks to alumina ceramic substrates is presented. The substrates are metallized using either copper-, silver-, or gold-based thick-film pastes that are fired in the 850-950 degrees C temperature range. The metal ceramic joint strengths obtained are comparable to those achieved using high-temperature fired tungsten- or molybdenum-based metallizations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polarizing photonic crystal fibers for different operation range (2006)

ABSTRACT We have experimentally characterized three polarizing photonic crystal fibers manufactured by the Laboratory of Optical Fiber Technology, Maria Curie-Sk aodowska University, Lublin, Poland. In the i nvestigated structures the dissimilarity in the cut-off wavelengths is induced by a pair of large air ho les adjacent to the fiber core. Because of different geometry, the investigated fibers have different polarization ranges. In the first structure, the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of 3 dB/m is observed at 1300 nm and further increases against wavelength. In the two other fibers, the polarization bandwidth is shifted towards longer wavelengths. We have also investigated the effect of bending on polarization characteristics. It was experimentally demonstrated that for bent fiber the attenuation of the LP y01 increases for shorter wavelengths, which results in wider polarization bandwidth. Mo reover, we have numerically analyzed and optimized for maximum operation bandwidth two constructions of the index guided PCFs, whose polarization properties are induced by unequal diameters of the cladding holes. Keywords : polarizing holey fiber, polarization dependent losses
Multiuser detection and channel estimation algorithms for M-ary DS-CDMA systems in multipath rayleigh fading channels (2004)

In this paper, we present different linear and nonlinear iterative data detection schemes for the asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems employing orthogonal signalling formats and long scrambling codes. Compared to the conventional receiver and other noncoherent multiuser detectors, coherent multiuser detection schemes achieve much better performance provided that the channels are accurately estimated. To this end, we proposed several channel estimation algorithms to estimate multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Different data detection and channel estimation schemes are compared in terms of BER performance. Based on the numerical results, some recommendations are made on how to choose multiuser detectors and channel estimation algorithms in practical CDMA systems.
Elevated bone marrow sympathetic drive precedes systemic inflammation in angiotensin II hypertension (2019)

Increased sympathetic nervous system activity is a hallmark of hypertension (HTN), and it is implicated in altered immune system responses in its pathophysiology. However, the precise mechanisms of neural-immune interaction in HTN remain elusive. We have previously shown an association between elevated sympathetic drive to the bone marrow (BM) and activated BM immune cells in rodent models of HTN. Moreover, microglial-dependent neuroinflammation is also seen in rodent models of HTN. However, the cause-effect relationship between central and systemic inflammatory responses and the sympathetic drive remains unknown. These observations led us to hypothesize that increase in the femoral BM sympathetic nerve activity (fSNA) initiates a cascade of events leading to increase in blood pressure (BP). Here, we investigated the temporal relationship between the BM sympathetic drive, activation of the central and peripheral immune system, and increase in BP in the events leading to established HTN. The present study demonstrates that central infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) induces early microglial activation in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, which preceded increase in the fSNA. In turn, activation of fSNA correlated with the timing of increased production and release of CD4<sup>+</sup>.IL17<sup>+</sup> T cells and other proinflammatory cells into circulation and elevation in BP, whereas infiltration of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells to the paraventricular nucleus marked establishment of ANG II HTN. This study identifies cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neural-immune interactions in early and established stages of rodent ANG II HTN. <b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Early microglia activation in paraventricular nucleus precedes sympathetic activation of the bone marrow. This leads to increased bone marrow immune cells and their release into circulation and an increase in blood pressure. Infiltration of CD4+ T cells into paraventricular nucleus paraventricular nucleus marks late hypertension.
Synthetic approach to preparation of indole derivatives fused with a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane framework (2007)

Starting with Δ15-17-ketosteroids, applying Normant reaction with allylmagnesium bromide and anionic Cope rearrangement of the formed allyl alcohol, 15α-derivatives of androstane series were prepared. The latter were brought into Wittig reaction with an ylide generated from ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, and the product was subjected to ene reaction to provide 15α-substituted pregnanes.
A New Role for Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2021)

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Discovering new therapies to treat heart disease requires improved understanding of cardiac physiology at a cellular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound nano- and microparticles secreted by cells and known to play key roles in intercellular communication, often through transfer of biomolecular cargo. Advances in EV research have established techniques for EV isolation from tissue culture media or biofluids, as well as standards for quantitation and biomolecular characterization. EVs released by cardiac cells are known to be involved in regulating cardiac physiology as well as in the progression of myocardial diseases. Due to difficulty accessing the heart in vivo, advanced in vitro cardiac 'tissues-on-a-chip' have become a recent focus for studying EVs in the heart. These physiologically relevant models are producing new insight into the role of EVs in cardiac physiology and disease while providing a useful platform for screening novel EV-based therapeutics for cardiac tissue regeneration post-injury. Numerous hurdles have stalled the clinical translation of EV therapeutics for heart patients, but tissue-on-a-chip models are playing an important role in bridging the translational gap, improving mechanistic understanding of EV signalling in cardiac physiology, disease, and repair.
A Selective HDAC 1/2 Inhibitor Modulates Chromatin and Gene Expression in Brain and Alters Mouse Behavior in Two Mood-Related Tests (2013)

Psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, are projected to lead global disease burden within the next decade. Pharmacotherapy, the primary--albeit often ineffective--treatment method, has remained largely unchanged over the past 50 years, highlighting the need for novel target discovery and improved mechanism-based treatments. Here, we examined in wild type mice the impact of chronic, systemic treatment with Compound 60 (Cpd-60), a slow-binding, benzamide-based inhibitor of the class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) family members, HDAC1 and HDAC2, in mood-related behavioral assays responsive to clinically effective drugs. Cpd-60 treatment for one week was associated with attenuated locomotor activity following acute amphetamine challenge. Further, treated mice demonstrated decreased immobility in the forced swim test. These changes are consistent with established effects of clinical mood stabilizers and antidepressants, respectively. Whole-genome expression profiling of specific brain regions (prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus) from mice treated with Cpd-60 identified gene expression changes, including a small subset of transcripts that significantly overlapped those previously reported in lithium-treated mice. HDAC inhibition in brain was confirmed by increased histone acetylation both globally and, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, at the promoter regions of upregulated transcripts, a finding consistent with in vivo engagement of HDAC targets. In contrast, treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a non-selective fast-binding, hydroxamic acid HDAC 1/2/3/6 inhibitor, was sufficient to increase histone acetylation in brain, but did not alter mood-related behaviors and had dissimilar transcriptional regulatory effects compared to Cpd-60. These results provide evidence that selective inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in brain may provide an epigenetic-based target for developing improved treatments for mood disorders and other brain disorders with altered chromatin-mediated neuroplasticity.
Intensely Suicidal Behavior with a First Manic Episode (2015)

Stoklosa, Joseph MD; Editor:; Rose, A. Blythe MD, MPH; Liebson, Elizabeth S. MD; Goldblatt, Mark J. MD; Baldessarini, Ross J. MD Author Information
Task allocation for event-aware spatiotemporal sampling of environmental variables (2005)

Monitoring of environmental phenomena with embedded networked sensing confronts the challenges of both unpredictable variability in the spatial distribution of phenomena coupled with the demands for a high spatial sampling rate in three dimensions. For example, low distortion mapping of critical solar radiation properties in forest environments may require two-dimensional spatial sampling rates of greater than 10 samples/m/sup 2/ over transects exceeding 1000 m/sup 2/. Clearly, adequate sampling coverage of such transect requires an impractically large number of sensing nodes. A new approach, networked infomechanical system (NIMS), has been introduced to combine autonomous-articulated and static sensor nodes enabling sufficient spatiotemporal sampling density over large transects to meet a general set of environmental mapping demands. This paper describes our work on the critical parts of NIMS, the task allocation module. We present our methodologies and the two basic greedy task allocation policies - based on time of the task arrival (time policy) and distance from the robot to the task (distance policy). We present results from NIMS deployed in a forest reserve and from a lab testbed. The results show that both policies are adequate for the task of spatiotemporal sampling, but also complement each other. Finally, we suggest the future direction of research that would both help us better quantify the performance of our system and create more complex policies.
MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in people with human immunodeficiency virus: Relationships to clinical and immunologic findings (2021)

1H-MRS neurometabolites were most often predicted by immunologic factors sensitive to temporal variation, whereas DWI metrics were more often related to longer-term disease state. In multi-morbid cART-era populations, selection and interpretation of neuroimaging modalities should account for complex temporal and pathogenetic influences of immunologic abnormality, disease state, and aging.
Declining Forage Availability Effects on Utilization and Community Selection by Cattle (1992)

Land managers of salt desert shrub and sagebrush steppe vegetation have concerns regarding appropriate stocking rates in summer for ephemeral stream riparian zones because of elevated levels of use on woody vegetation. We determined utilization levels of forage species over time as a fixed animal density decreased available forage as a means of approximating the stocking rate suitable for an area and identifying plant species for monitoring. Trend in abundance of important plant species will ultimately determine appropriate stocking rate in a particular management situation. Forage utilization by cattle during mid-summer for 2 successive years was measured weekly for 3 weeks in streamside (channel and floodplain) and adjacent upland (terrace and saline upland) vegetation communities along the ephemeral stream. Measures were also made of crude protein and dry matter content of plant species. Plant communities used by cattle were also recorded. Utilization of streamside and terrace vegetation declined markedly over the 3 weeks, while utilization of forage in saline uplands was lower than in other areas and did not decline over weeks of study. More cattle selected streamside and terrace areas with the most succulent forages than saline uplands with less succulent forages. Woody plants in channel areas, cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) particularly, were higher in protein, more succulent, and more severely grazed than other species. Management of cottonwood probably limits the stocking rate used in these communities. Declines in weekly utilization of forages after the first week indicated intake may have been declining. If so, lower levels of utilization may be needed to maintain animal performance. Maintenance of cottonwoods and animal performance considerations may dictate a lower stocking rate than achieved in this midsummer study.
Understanding the adoption of digital whiteboard systems for collaborative design work (2013)

User-centered design processes are the first choice when new interactive systems or services are developed to address real customer needs and provide a good user experience. Common tools for collecting user research data, conducting brainstormings, or sketching ideas are whiteboards and sticky notes. They are ubiquitously available, and no technical or domain knowledge is necessary to use them. However, traditional pen and paper tools fall short when saving the content and sharing it with others unable to be in the same location. They are also missing further digital advantages such as searching or sorting content. Although research on digital whiteboard and sticky note applications has been conducted for over 20 years, these tools are not widely adopted in company contexts. While many research prototypes exist, they have not been used for an extended period of time in a real-world context. The goal of this thesis is to investigate what the enablers and obstacles for the adoption of digital whiteboard systems are. As an instrument for different studies, we developed the Tele-Board software system for collaborative creative work. Based on interviews, observations, and findings from former research, we tried to transfer the analog way of working to the digital world. Being a software system, Tele-Board can be used with a variety of hardware and does not depend on special devices. This feature became one of the main factors for adoption on a larger scale. In this thesis, I will present three studies on the use of Tele-Board with different user groups and foci. I will use a combination of research methods (laboratory case studies and data from field research) with the overall goal of finding out when a digital whiteboard system is used and in which cases not. Not surprisingly, the system is used and accepted if a user sees a main benefit that neither analog tools nor other applications can offer. However, I found that these perceived benefits are very different for each user and usage context. If a tool provides possibilities to use in different ways and with different equipment, the chances of its adoption by a larger group increase. Tele-Board has now been in use for over 1.5 years in a global IT company in at least five countries with a constantly growing user base. Its use, advantages, and disadvantages will be described based on 42 interviews and usage statistics from server logs. Through these insights and findings from laboratory case studies, I will present a detailed analysis of digital whiteboard use in different contexts with design implications for future systems.
The Partially Observable Hidden Markov Model and its Application to\n Keystroke Dynamics (2016)

The partially observable hidden Markov model is an extension of the hidden\nMarkov Model in which the hidden state is conditioned on an independent Markov\nchain. This structure is motivated by the presence of discrete metadata, such\nas an event type, that may partially reveal the hidden state but itself\nemanates from a separate process. Such a scenario is encountered in keystroke\ndynamics whereby a user's typing behavior is dependent on the text that is\ntyped. Under the assumption that the user can be in either an active or passive\nstate of typing, the keyboard key names are event types that partially reveal\nthe hidden state due to the presence of relatively longer time intervals\nbetween words and sentences than between letters of a word. Using five public\ndatasets, the proposed model is shown to consistently outperform other anomaly\ndetectors, including the standard HMM, in biometric identification and\nverification tasks and is generally preferred over the HMM in a Monte Carlo\ngoodness of fit test.\n
Young's Modulus and Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of ZnO Conductive and Transparent Ultra-Thin Films (2011)

A new technique for measuring Young's modulus of an ultra-thin film, with a thickness in the range of about 10 nm, was developed by combining an optical lever technique for measuring the residual stress and X-ray diffraction for measuring the strain in the film. The new technique was applied to analyze the mechanical properties of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films, that have become the focus of significant attention as a substitute material for indium-tin-oxide transparent electrodes. Young's modulus of the as-deposited GZO films decreased with thickness; the values for 30 nm and 500 nm thick films were 205 GPa and 117 GPa, respectively. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the GZO films was measured using the new technique in combination with in-situ residual stress measurement during heat-cycle testing. GZO films with 30–100 nm thickness had a coefficient of linear thermal expansion in the range of 4.3 × 10 −6 – 5.6 × 10 −6 °C −1 .
Microstructure of nemalite, fibrous iron-bearing brucite. (1998)

The microstructure of fibrous iron-bearing brucite (nemalite, (Mg,Fe)(OH)2) has been investigated using high-resolution SEM and TEM to reveal the origin of its morphology. The fiber consists of aggregates of flat, lath-like brucite single crystals elongated parallel to <10-10>. Chrysotile tubes, which are also parallel to the fiber, frequently exist, mainly at the grain boundaries of brucite and surrounded by brucite crystals. It is suggested that this unexpected morphology of brucite was formed by crystal growth along the preexisting chrysotile tube surfaces. However, the interface between brucite and chrysotile is not coherent and the arrays of hydroxyl on the surfaces of two minerals are rotated by 30°C to each other. Such orientation relationship is often reported in aggregates of sheet silicates. Brucite crystals frequently contain 180° rotational twins on (0001).
A framework for evaluating Internet-of-Things platforms: Application provider viewpoint (2014)

Widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) applications assumes a sustainable ecosystem of firms creating, distributing, and using these applications. Such an ecosystem often forms around a platform that implements commonly used functionality and offers it to the members of the ecosystem for creating applications and services. In IoT, such a platform may be materialized in a form of a cloud platform that supports the management of connected devices, and the development and use of the applications based on them. A number of cloud platforms targeting IoT applications are available in the market; to prosper, they need to assist the providers of the IoT applications in designing and developing the applications, as well as in deploying and operating the application software. In this paper, a framework for evaluating the IoT platforms from the perspective of how widely they cover the potential needs of the application providers is introduced. Based on the framework, the maturity of the available IoT platforms is evaluated, by using the publicly available information about the platforms' features and supporting services. As the results of this initial analysis suggest, none of the platforms today offers the comprehensive support. This can be seen as a factor contributing to a slow adaption of the IoT platforms, and therefore to the slower-than-expected takeoff of the IoT ecosystem in general.
Signal reconstruction processor design for compressive sensing (2014)

This paper presents a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design to reconstruct compressively sensed data. The proposed digital design recovers signal compressed by specific analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Our design is based on a modified iterative hard threshold (IHT) reconstruction algorithm to adapt unknown and varying degree of sparsity of the signal. The algorithm is composed empirically and implemented in a hardware-friendly fashion. The reconstruction fidelity using fixed-point hardware model is analyzed. The design is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler with TSMC 45nm standard cell library. The post-synthesis implementation consumes 165 mW and is able to reconstruct data with information sparsity of 4%, at equivalent sampling rate of 1 gigasample-per-second (GSPS).
Protection against lethal viral infection by neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies: distinct mechanisms of action in vivo (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) reactive with the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotypes Indiana (VSV-Ind) and New Jersey (VSV-NJ) were used to protect mice against lethal infection. MAb which reacted with a number of distinct epitopes and which could neutralize the virus in vitro could also protect against infection in vivo. MAb which could not neutralize the virus in vitro but which were specific for the glycoprotein of a single serotype were also able to protect mice against lethal VSV challenge. Interestingly, a group of MAb which cross-reacted with the glycoproteins of VSV-Ind and VSV-NJ could passively protect against challenge with either serotype. It was shown that as early as 2 h after infection, neither neutralizing nor nonneutralizing MAb could protect. Nonneutralizing MAb were found to be less effective at in vivo protection than neutralizing MAb. Furthermore, nonneutralizing MAb demonstrated a much lower binding efficiency to intact virions than did neutralizing MAb. These observations, plus the fact that the nonneutralizing MAb could lyse virus-infected cells in the presence of complement, suggested that in vivo protection by these antibodies may involve cell-associated viral determinants. To compare the mechanisms by which neutralizing and nonneutralizing MAb protected in vivo, F(ab')2 fragments were used in protection experiments. Although the F(ab')2 of a neutralizing MAb was still able to protect animals lethal virus challenge, the F(ab')2 of a cross-reactive nonneutralizing MAb was unable to do so. The reactivity of nonneutralizing MAb with virions and the apparent necessity of an intact Fc portion for protection further distinguish these antibodies from those MAb that are able to neutralize VSV solely by binding to the glycoprotein.
Un modelo para diseñar aprendizajes mediante proyectos multidisciplinares (2015)

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Infrared Lattice Absorption in Wurtzite GaN (1999)

Two-phonon absorption spectrum of wurtzite GaN was measured for the first time and was compared with two-phonon density-of-states of zincblende GaN obtained by lattice-dynamical calculations with an adiabatic bond-charge model. All structures in the spectrum were well explained by phonon structures of zincblende GaN. As a method to analyze two-phonon absorption spectra of wurtzite materials, proposed was the utilization of phonon dispersion curves of corresponding zincblende modifications, and the method was found to be useful.