gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convenient routes to vicinal diamines. Coupling of nitriles or N-(trimethylsilyl) imines promoted by NbCl4(THF)2 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient routes to vicinal diamines. Coupling of nitriles or N-(trimethylsilyl) imines promoted by NbCl4(THF)2Eric J. Roskamp and Steven F. PedersenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 10, 3152–3154Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00244a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00244a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1134Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparative Analysis of Mobile Phone Usability for Younger and Older Adults (2018)

Objectives: This effort is part of research work that aims to propose common guidelines of mobile phone usability for younger and older adults. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: This study provides the comparative analysis of mobile phone usability for younger and older adults. The data was collected from 30 users through questionnaire method; in which 15 were younger adults while remaining 15 were older adults. Simple mobile phone was used in this user study because of their popularity and usage in Pakistan. Findings: Few interaction problems of both age groups have been identified in this study which may lead to proposing guidelines onwards. Application/Improvement: The proposed guidelines based on this research can tackle the usability issue, which arises while designing mobile phones because users have to access various functionalities through small interface. It will help to improve the user experience in younger and older adults. Keywords: Mobile Phone Usaility, Older Adults Mobile Phone Usage, Usability Components, Younger Adults Mobile Phone Usage,
Mesoscale Assessment of the 3D Pore Network of a High Performance Concrete: Towards the Understanding of Fluid Transport (2017)

This research aims at understanding fluid transport through the pore network of a pure Portland-based high performance concrete (HPC). Pores are characterized by direct imaging at the mesoscale (tens of nanometers). We combine two imaging techniques, 3D FIB/SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy) and 2D STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy). Voxel sizes are on the order of 10 nm for FIB/SEM (with sample volumes on the order of 60-120 micron3) and 1.57 nm for STEM (with sample volumes on the order of 1.5-2.6 micron2). STEM images are selected within the cement hydrates by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). With both imaging methods, porosity is on the order of the macroscopic porosity (10%). The pore network is quantified, so that its main features are used to assess fluid permeability by the Katz-Thompson equation. Predicted permeability (on the order of 10-19 m2) is found in good agreement with macroscopic permeability measurements, at both pore scales.
From gene to biorefinery: microbial β-etherases as promising biocatalysts for lignin valorization (2015)

The set-up of biorefineries for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass will be core in the future to reach sustainability targets. In this area, biomass-degrading enzymes are attracting significant research interest for their potential in the production of chemicals and biofuels from renewable feedstock. Glutathione-dependent β-etherases are emerging enzymes for the biocatalytic depolymerization of lignin, a heterogeneous aromatic polymer abundant in nature. They selectively catalyze the reductive cleavage of β-O-4 aryl-ether bonds which account for 45-60% of linkages present in lignin. Hence, application of β-etherases in lignin depolymerization would enable a specific lignin breakdown, selectively yielding (valuable) low-molecular-mass aromatics. Albeit β-etherases have been biochemically known for decades, only very recently novel β-etherases have been identified and thoroughly characterized for lignin valorization, expanding the enzyme toolbox for efficient β-O-4 aryl-ether bond cleavage. Given their emerging importance and potential, this mini-review discusses recent developments in the field of β-etherase biocatalysis covering all aspects from enzyme identification to biocatalytic applications with real lignin samples.
Survival of Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty at 5 to 23 Years (2009)

Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Trends in hospitalization rates for heart failure in the United States, 1973-1986. Evidence for increasing population prevalence. (1990)

Discharge data from a representative sample of short-stay US hospitals were examined to obtain information regarding trends in the prevalence of congestive heart failure from 1973 through 1986. During this 14-year period, the number of discharges more than doubled and the age-adjusted rates increased from 53% to 88% among the four major sex-race groups. On average, nonwhite men experienced annual hospitalization rates 33% higher than white men, while for women the corresponding nonwhite rates were 50% higher. Hospitalization rates during this period remained constant for persons younger than 55 years but rose sharply in the elderly. Concurrently, a slight decline in case fatality rates for an individual hospitalization was seen. The two factors accounting for the growing prevalence of congestive heart failure seem to be the increasing average age of the population and the longer survival of persons with chronic heart disease. The role of improved medical therapy during the period of this study remains uncertain. Increasing demands to provide care for the congestive heart failure syndrome are likely to continue in the coming years, and medical facilities should develop new intervention strategies to treat or prevent the underlying conditions leading to heart failure as well as decrease the need for hospitalization in this common disorder.
Interaction between protein kinase D1 and transient receptor potential V1 in primary sensory neurons is involved in heat hypersensitivity (2007)

In previous studies we demonstrated that protein kinase D1 (PKD1/PKCmu) could directly phosphorylate the transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) at its N-terminal region and enhance the function of TRPV1 in CHO cells stably transfected with TRPV1. In the current study we assessed the involvement of PKD1 in pain modulation and explored the possible interaction between PKD1 and TRPV1 in rat inflammatory heat hypersensitivity. PKD1 was translocated to cytoplasmic membrane fraction and was trans-phosphorylated only in membrane fraction but not in cytoplasmic fraction of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at 2 and 6h after Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) treatment. Pre i.t. injection of PKD1 antisense for 4 d or post-i.t. injection for 4 d both alleviated CFA-induced thermal hypersensitivity. Likewise, overexpression of PKD1 in DRG significantly enhanced, while dominant negative PKD1 (DN-PKD1) partly attenuated, heat hypersensitivity. Both PKD1 and TRPV1 were translocated to the cytoplasmic membrane in DRG 6 h after CFA treatment and, at that time, PKD1 interacted with TRPV1 by co-immunoprecipitation in DRG. Electrophysiological measurements indicated that DRG with overexpression of PKD1 were more sensitive to low dose capsaicin than those expressing DN-PKD1. The average magnitude of the peak inward current evoked by capsaicin was greater in the DRG overexpressing PKD1 than in those expressing DN-PKD1. Furthermore, overexpressed PKD1 could up regulate, whereas PKD1 antisense could knock down TRPV1 content in DRG through posttranscriptional regulation manner. We concluded that PKD1 in DRG, through interaction with TRPV1, is involved in developing and maintaining inflammatory heat hypersensitivity.
Iron-Ammonium Chloride - A Convenient and Inexpensive Reductant (1992)

Abstract The reduction of nitro aromatics containing other susceptible groups is reinvestigated to provide a viable economic route from the point of view of quantitative transformation, reduced reaction times and simple work up using iron powder and ammonium chloride solution in neutral medium.
Finite Element Analysis Modeling of a Novel Silicone Dressing (2020)

Introduction In the United States (US), pressure injuries are believed to affect over 2.5 million people. The prevalence of pressure ulcers in the European Union (EU) is believed to be 13.7%. Recent guidelines have recommended the consideration of polyurethane foam dressings as part of pressure injury prevention strategies. This study assesses the reduction in tissue strain and stresses associated with the use of a new silicone foam dressing. Methods Finite element analysis (FEA) models were used to investigate the ability of silicone foam dressings to reduce tissue stress and strain energy density (SED) in the regions adjacent to the sacral bone. The loading modeled on the dressings was for combined compression and shear (modeling a patient lying in a 45° Fowler's position). Nine commercially available silicone foam dressings and a no-dressing control were modeled. Results FEA modeling showed that all silicone dressings tested, including Tegaderm™ Silicone Foam (TSF; 3M Health Care, St. Paul, MN) dressings, achieved reductions in tissue distortional stress and SED relative to no-dressing conditions. The use of silicone foam dressing results in a lower volume of tissue at higher stresses and deformation compared to no dressing. Conclusion The results presented indicate that TSF may provide an appropriate option for pressure ulcer prevention programs.
Circulating hyaluronic acid levels vary with physical activity in healthy subjects and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. relationship to synovitis mass and morning stiffness (1987)

We evaluated the possible influence of physical activity on serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), plasma levels of elastase, and serum levels of procollagen III peptide. In 15 healthy individuals, HA increased from 26 +/- 9 micrograms/liter (mean +/- SD) before arising from a night's sleep to 54 +/- 24 micrograms/liter 1 hour after arising and performance of normal morning activities (P less than 0.001). HA in 14 patients who had inflammatory arthritis increased from 124 +/- 104 micrograms/liter to 402 +/- 232 micrograms/liter under the same conditions (P less than 0.001). The elevation due to physical activity was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than that found in controls. A slight increase of HA in the afternoon was also observed in healthy subjects who performed heavy exercise, but a marked increase was seen in RA patients who performed moderate exercise. In another group of 24 RA patients, a more standardized blood sampling was performed before arising and during normal morning activities. An increase in HA was significantly (P less than 0.001) correlated to the synovitis mass, estimated by the Ritchie articular index. Maximum increases of HA were seen 30 and 60 minutes after arising; thereafter, levels decreased to those measured at rest. During the morning activities, procollagen III peptide remained stable, while plasma elastase tended to increase. It is proposed that HA, produced in the joint tissue structures and accumulated at rest, is carried by the lymph vessels to the general circulation during physical activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quantification of photoelectrogenerated hydroxyl radical on TiO2 by surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy (2012)

The surface interrogation mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI-SECM) was used for the detection and quantification of adsorbed hydroxyl radical ˙OH((ads)) generated photoelectrochemically at the surface of a nanostructured TiO(2) substrate electrode. In this transient technique, a SECM tip is used to generate in situ a titrant from a reversible redox pair that reacts with the adsorbed species at the substrate. This reaction produces an SECM feedback response from which the amount of adsorbate and its decay kinetics can be obtained. The redox pair IrCl(6)(2-/3-) offered a reactive, selective and stable surface interrogation agent under the strongly oxidizing conditions of the photoelectrochemical cell. A typical ˙OH((ads)) saturation coverage of 338 μC cm(-2) was found in our nanostructured samples by its reduction with the electrogenerated IrCl(6)(3-). The decay kinetics of ˙OH((ads)) by dimerization to produce H(2)O(2) were studied through the time dependence of the SI-SECM signal and the surface dimerization rate constant was found to be ~k(OH) = 2.2 × 10(3) mol(-1) m(2) s(-1). A radical scavenger, such as methanol, competitively consumes ˙OH((ads)) and yields a shorter SI-SECM transient, where a pseudo-first order rate analysis at 2 M methanol yields a decay constant of k'(MeOH) ~ 1 s(-1).
Exploiting Schelling behavior for improving data accessibility in mobile peer-to-peer networks (2008)

In 1969, Thomas Schelling proposed one of the most cited models in economics to explain how similar people (e.g. people with the same race, education, community) group together in American neighborhoods. Interestingly, we observe that the analogies of this model indeed exist in numerous scenarios wh
New fluorescent aryl- or ethynylaryl-boron-substituted indacenes as promising dyes (2006)

A generic design principle based on the use of organometallic (Li or Mg) reagents for the substitution of the fluoro ligands in difluoroboradiazaindacene is described. A library of compounds bearing various substituents (butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyrenyl, ethynylnaphthyl, ethynylfluorenyl, ethynylcarbazoyl, ethynylperylenyl, ethynylthiophenyl and ethynylterpyridinyl) has been prepared and characterized. Electrochemical and photochemical measurements show that these novel dyes remain redox-active and strongly luminescent. They offer an interesting perspective for applications in labelling and electroluminescence.
Freezing by Heating in a Driven Mesoscopic System (2000)

We investigate a simple model corresponding to particles driven in opposite directions and interacting via a repulsive potential. The particles move off-lattice on a periodic strip and are subject to random forces as well. We show that this model-which can be considered as a continuum version of some driven diffusive systems-exhibits a paradoxical, new kind of transition called here "freezing by heating." One interesting feature of this transition is that a crystallized state with a higher total energy is obtained from a fluid state by increasing the amount of fluctuations.
Developing new business strategies in B2B markets by combining CRM concepts and online databases (2006)

This paper illustrates how online databases, available from commercial vendors, can be used as the foundation for developing new business strategies. Emphasis is placed on the use of customer relationship management (CRM) ideas to identify new prospective customers for a high‐tech B2B firm. Specifically, the concept of customer lifetime value was used to evaluate current customers and match their profiles with the profiles of new prospects from the database. Once high‐quality new prospects were identified and prioritized, the company’s salesforce had a much clearer path to follow towards success. The paper contributes to the competitive strategy literature by documenting the successful use of a CRM approach to develop marketing strategies and tactics for a B2B firm that is seeking growth by acquiring new customers.
Fluorescent biosensor for sensitive analysis of oxytetracycline based on an indirectly labelled long-chain aptamer (2015)

A fluorescent assay for oxytetracycline detection is presented based on an indirectly fluorescein-labelled aptamer probe, which was fabricated through hybridization of an oxytetracycline long-chain aptamer with a FAM-labelled short-chain ssDNA.
A new low-voltage charge pump circuit for PLL (2002)

In this paper, a new low-voltage charge pump circuit is presented. Its simple and symmetric structure can provide more stable operation. The proposed charge pump circuit is composed of a pair of symmetric pump circuits and a wide-swing current mirror circuit. To ensure more accurate charge pumping operation, a weak pull-up circuit is inserted in the symmetric pump circuit. The new charge pump circuit has wide output range and no jump phenomenon. It has been designed by using the MOSIS 0.35 /spl mu/m double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology and simulated by HSPICE. The power consumption of the proposed charge pump circuit is 0.03 mW at a supply voltage of 1.5 V. The circuit can be widely used in either single-ended or fully differential phase-locked loop structures.
The Importance of Understanding COVID-19: The Role of Knowledge in Promoting Adherence to Protective Behaviors (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Past research suggests that knowledge supports- but strong illness expectations thwart- adoption of protective behaviors (e.g., handwashing). Strong illness expectations may place COVID-19 essential workers at risk. It is unclear, however, whether knowledge can moderate the negative effects of pessimistic illness expectations on protective behaviors. We test COVID-19 knowledge as a moderator of the effects of (1) pessimistic illness expectations and (2) essential worker status on adherence to protective behaviors. <b>Methods:</b> Participants (<i>n</i> = 350) completed measures of knowledge, illness expectations, and protective behaviors. We used chi-square tests to examine associations between variables and logistic regressions to test the moderation models predicting adherence (low, high) while controlling for demographics. <b>Results:</b> Knowledge, illness expectations, and adherence were significantly associated with each other (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Essential workers had stronger illness expectations and lower knowledge than did non-essential workers (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Logistic regressions showed a non-significant Worker Status × Knowledge interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.59) but a significant Knowledge × Illness Expectations interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.05) indicating that those with strong illness expectations and low knowledge were disproportionately at risk of failing to adhere to recommended behaviors. <b>Conclusions:</b> Knowledge promotes protective behaviors by buffering the negative effects of pessimistic illness expectations. Essential workers are more likely to have low levels of knowledge with strong illness expectations, suggesting that educational policies may be warranted.
Cysteamine coated Ag and Au nanorods for improved surface enhanced Raman scattering from dinitrotoluene and trinitrotoluene (2010)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from trinitrotoluene and other nitro-based explosives is important for the development of a reliable detection scheme exhibiting low false-positive rates. However, the interaction of these compounds with Ag and Au causes the molecules to orient in ways such that the primary vibrations of the nitro groups, the main identifying Raman marker of these compounds, are inhibited in addition to causing a reduction in the SERS response. It has recently been shown that cysteamine, which contains amine functional end groups, will electrostatically attract the nitro groups of TNT. Therefore, as the thiol functional group of cysteamine chemically bonds this molecule to the plasmonically-active Au and Ag nanoparticles studied, SERS of TNT can be obtained following the nitro-amine functional group complex formation. It is observed that the cysteamine adsorbs in one of two configurations on the metal surface, with the trans configuration consisting of bonding at the S end of the molecule and the cysteamine is perpendicular to the metal surface, while in the Gauche configuration S bonding occurs, but the molecule bends over towards the metal film surface, approaching the parallel configuration allowing the amine groups interact with the surface. We find that the trans configuration is best for the detection of SERS from TNT. Experiments compare well with DFT calculations of the cysteamine and TNT complex and their adsorption on Ag.
Analyzing the Conditions for the Electrolytic Formation of Ensembles from Metal Nanowires in the Pores of Track Membranes (2021)

The effect of the electrolyte composition, mass-transfer conditions, pore diameter, interpore distance, and electric parameters on the formation of an ensemble of nanowires during the electrodeposition of individual metals and alloys in the pores of polymer films and the alternation of layers from alloys of different chemical composition is considered and analyzed. Based on the results of experimental studies, electrodeposition conditions that stabilize the composition of a deposited alloy along the length of a nanowire and, in the case of layerwise deposition, decrease the change in the composition within each layer are recommended.
On the design of turbo codes (1995)

In this article, we design new turbo codes that can achieve near-Shannon-limit performance. The design criterion for random interleavers is based on maximizing the effective free distance of the turbo code, i.e., the minimum output weight of codewords due to weight-2 input sequences. An upper bound on the effective free distance of a turbo code is derived. This upper bound can be achieved if the feedback connection of convolutional codes uses primitive polynomials. We review multiple turbo codes (parallel concatenation of q convolutional codes), which increase the so-called 'interleaving gain' as q and the interleaver size increase, and a suitable decoder structure derived from an approximation to the maximum a posteriori probability decision rule. We develop new rate 1/3, 2/3, 3/4, and 4/5 constituent codes to be used in the turbo encoder structure. These codes, for from 2 to 32 states, are designed by using primitive polynomials. The resulting turbo codes have rates b/n (b = 1, 2, 3, 4 and n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and include random interleavers for better asymptotic performance. These codes are suitable for deep-space communications with low throughput and for near-Earth communications where high throughput is desirable. The performance of these codes is within 1 dB of the Shannon limit at a bit-error rate of 10(exp -6) for throughputs from 1/15 up to 4 bits/s/Hz.
Effects of Reducing Physical Therapy Services on Outcomes in Total Joint Arthroplasty (1987)

A natural experiment provided an opportunity to determine whether physical therapy (PT) service reduction would affect the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty. A sample of 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who underwent total hip or total knee replacement during successive reduction of services was randomly selected. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in each period were similar. Despite large differences between groups in hours of PT per patient, there were no major differences in length of stay between the groups, or compared to similar hospitals, functional status at discharge, or numbers of surgical complications. Implications for health services organization are discussed.