gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy in Oncology: Current Technical and Clinical Status of Development (1999)

Gene therapy was basically envisioned for the treatment of monogenic diseases, but soon the potential application area was extented – cancer gene therapy today covers two thirds of clinical studies. Gene transfer could strongly facilitate the sustained and locally confined delivery of proteins in specific tissues like tumors. The main approaches of gene therapy are ex vivo treatment of patient cells and in situ / in vivo administration of DNA. Vehicles for the transfer of DNA coding for therapeutic genes are either viruses incompetent of replication, like retroviral vectors or adenoviral vectors and lipid/peptide formulated DNA. Main approaches of gene therapy in oncology are ablation of tumor cells, immunotherapy/vaccination, tumor suppressor gene correction, and establishment of chemoresistance. Suicide gene transfer / prodrug treatment and infection of tumor cells with lytic viruses replicating exclusively in tumor tissue are the main issue of tumor cell ablation approaches. For immunotherapy, tumor cells are transduced/transfected ex vivo or in situ with genes like cytokines or costimulatory factors for the induction of cellular immune responses. Vaccination with cell lines expressing shared tumor-specific antigens or transplantation of allogeneic T cells to induce graft versus leukemia effects can be realized via the transfer of immunostimulatory or suicide genes. Other gene therapy approaches in oncology are the transfer of tumor suppressor genes into tumor cells carrying mutations of this gene or the induction of chemoresistance in bone marrow cells for high-dose chemotherapy treatment. Despite many anecdotal cases of success, the proof of a principle in cancer gene therapy was not yet demonstrated in statistically relevant clinical trials. However, gene therapy is offering many ways to enhance tumor treatment. The coming years of preclinical and clinical development should result in a deeper understanding of how gene therapy can improve cancer treatment.
Review and analysis of performance and productivity of size reduction equipment for fibrous materials (2007)

Size reduction is an important pre--processing of biomass using as an energy source. The end technology and final use of ground biomass depends on the biomass specie, physical and chemical properties, organic and inorganic contaminants, and geometry of the ground particles. The purpose of this study is to review size reduction equipment on basis of selection criteria, operation, productivity, performance, energy requirement, input feedstock, particle size distribution of ground biomass, and their utilization. This review and analysis shows that there is a great potential of tub grinding as a means of preparing crop and forest residues for Bioenergy purposes. The review also reveals the correlation among the grinding rate, screen size, tub speed, particle size distribution and specific energy requirement. This study shows that an amount of US$3.01/ton is necessary to process agricultural residues with a tub grinder of capacity 70 ton/hr.
TokyoGreen derivatives as specific and practical fluorescent probes for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (2013)

TokyoGreen (TG) derivatives were found to be efficient and specific substrates of an important drug-metabolizing enzyme, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1. A rapid, specific, and sensitive assay of the enzyme was achieved simply by monitoring the change in fluorescence intensity. We also designed and developed the first "turn-on" fluorescent probes for UGTs.
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POST-BUCKLED PRECOMPRESSED PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR ELEMENTS (2012)

Post-buckled precompressed (PBP) piezoelectric elements have recently been used to enable a new class of actuators that are able to provide far higher deflections compared to the traditional bimorph piezoelectric actuators while maintaining full force and moment generating capabilities. Past research has proven that PBP actuators are capable of generating deflections three times higher than conventional bimorph actuators. In this paper, this work has been extended to the dynamic response realm and the performance of PBP actuators is investigated under various axial loads, at various actuation frequencies. Both analytical and finite element models have been developed in order to evaluate the performance of the actuator regarding the natural frequency shift under increased axial loads. Experimental verification has shown that the overall damping ratio of the structure is a function of the axial forces. Values derived from experiments have been used in the Finite Element model to predict the displacement output, phase angle shifting and end rotation. Numerical and analytical results correlate very well with the experiments and thus give credit to the formulation presented in this work.
Characterization and in vitro differentiation potency of early‐passage canine amnion‐ and umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as related to gestational age (2014)

Fetal adnexa are a non-controversial source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have high plasticity, a high proliferation rate, and the ability to differentiate towards multiple lineages. MSC populations have been characterized for their stemness and differentiation capabilities; more recent work has focused on MSC selection and on establishing predictable elements to discriminate the cells with the most potential for regenerative medicine. In this study, we cytogenetically and molecularly characterized and followed the in vitro proliferation and differentiation potential of early-passage canine amniotic membrane MSCs (AM-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix MSCs (UCM-MSCs) isolated from fetuses at early (35-40 days) and late (45-55 days) gestational ages. We found that cells from both fetal gestational ages showed similar features. In all examined cell lines, the morphology of proliferating cells typically appeared fibroblast-like. Population doublings, passaged up to 10 times, increased significantly with passage number. In both cell types, cell viability and chromosomal number and structure were not affected by gestational age at early passages. Passage-3 AM- and UCM-MSCs from both gestational phases also expressed embryonic (POU5F1) and mesenchymal (CD29, CD44) stemness markers, whereas hematopoietic and histocompatibility markers were never found in any sample. Passage-3 cell populations of each cell type were also multipotential as they could differentiate into neurocytes and osteocytes, based on cell morphology, specific stains, and molecular analysis. These results indicated that MSCs retrieved from the UCM and AM in the early and late fetal phases of gestation could be used for canine regenerative medicine.
[Today's tuberculosis: the specific features of its pathogen, clinical picture, and treatment]. (2005)

Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains (their genotype, drug resistance, and virulence) and the characteristics of their caused processes were studied. More than a half the studied MBT isolates belonged to the genetic family Beijing. As compared with mycobacteria of individual genotypes, they showed a significantly higher rate of multidrug resistance, polyresistance, and a high virulescence and caused more common and frequently progressive pulmonary lesions requiring the use of large-dose isoniazid and second-line drugs and early surgical treatment.
Bounded Perturbation Regularization for Linear Least Squares Estimation (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of selecting the regularization parameter for linear least-squares estimation. We propose a new technique called bounded perturbation regularization (BPR). In the proposed BPR method, a perturbation with a bounded norm is allowed into the linear transformation matrix to improve the singular-value structure. Following this, the problem is formulated as a min-max optimization problem. Next, the min-max problem is converted to an equivalent minimization problem to estimate the unknown vector quantity. The solution of the minimization problem is shown to converge to that of the 12-regularized least squares problem, with the unknown regularizer related to the norm bound of the introduced perturbation through a nonlinear constraint. A procedure is proposed that combines the constraint equation with the mean squared error criterion to develop an approximately optimal regularization parameter selection algorithm. Both direct and indirect applications of the proposed method are considered. Comparisons with different Tikhonov regularization parameter selection methods, as well as with other relevant methods, are carried out. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method provides significant improvement over state-of-the-art methods.
The GRSS Standard for GNSS-Reflectometry (2020)

In February 2019 a Project Authorization Request was approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association with the title “Standard for Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Data and Metadata Content”. A Working Group has been assembled to draft this standard with the purpose of unifying and documenting GNSS-R measurements, calibration procedures, and product level definitions. The Working Group (http://www.grss-ieee.org/community/technical-committees/standards-or-earth-observations/) includes members, collaborators, and contributors from academia, international space agencies, and private industry. In a recent face-to-face meeting held during the ARSI+KEO 2019 Conference, the need was recognized to develop a standard with a wide range of operations, providing procedure guidelines independently of constraints imposed by current limitations on geophysical parameters retrieval algorithms. As such, this effort aims to establish the fundamentals of a potential virtual network of satellites providing inter-comparable data to the scientific community.
Modeling resource, infrastructure, and policy cost layers for optimizing renewable energy investment and deployment (2010)

This paper presents a framework for creating a common spatial canvass that can bring together considerations of resource availability, infrastructure reliability, and development costs while strategizing renewable energy investment. We describe the underlying models and methodologies that annotate an investment plan for potential sites over a time-period with costs and constraints which may be imposed on distance from infrastructure, system impact on infrastructure, and policy incentives. The framework is intended as an enabler for visualization, optimization and decision making across diverse dimensions while searching for lucrative investment-plans.
Therapeutic strategy for main duct intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (2005)

主膵管型intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) の治療方針について, 自験例の検討と国際コンセンサスガイドラインの要旨をもとに概説した. 主膵管型IPMNでは, 分枝型IPMNに比べ腺癌症例が高率で, 術前診断では, 術前膵液細胞診陽性例は悪性, 術前閉塞性黄疸合併例は浸潤癌が高率であったが, 全体的には良悪性の鑑別, 非浸潤・浸潤癌の鑑別は困難であった. 腺癌症例が高率に見られること, 術前の良悪性の診断が困難なことより, 主膵管型IPMNは全例を手術適応とするべきである. 手術々式としては, 浸潤・非浸潤癌の術前診断が困難なこと, 浸潤癌には高率にリンパ節転移などの膵外進展が認められることより, 膵の部分切除などの縮小手術は施行すべきではなく, 2群リンパ節郭清を伴う膵切除術が施行されるべきである. 膵断端の術中迅速病理診断は必ず施行すべきで, 膵断端にcarcinoma in situ, 浸潤癌, PanIN 3などの病変が認められるときは追加切除を施行すべきである.
Distributed Relay-Assignment Protocols for Coverage Expansion in Cooperative Wireless Networks (2009)

One important application of cooperative communications is to extend coverage area in wireless networks without increasing infrastructure. However, a crucial challenge in implementing cooperation protocols is how to select relay-source pairs. In this paper, we address this problem based on the knowledge of the users' spatial distribution which determines the channel statistics. We consider two scenarios at the destination node, when the receiver uses MRC and when no-MRC is used. First, we characterize the optimal relay location to minimize the outage probability. Then, we propose and analyze the performance of two schemes: a distributed nearest neighbor relay assignment in which users can act as relays, and an infrastructure-based relay-assignment protocol in which fixed relay nodes are deployed in the network to help the users forward their data. The outage probabilities of these two schemes are derived. We also derive universal lower bounds on the performance of relay-assignment protocols to serve as a benchmark for our proposed protocols. Numerical results reveal significant gains when applying the proposed simple distributed algorithms over direct transmission in terms of coverage area, transmit power, and spectral efficiency. At 1 percent outage probability, more than 200 percent increase in coverage area can be achieved, 7 dBW savings in the transmitted power, and the system can operate at 2 b/s/Hz higher spectral efficiency.
TLR4 SIGNALING MODULATES IMMUNE RESPONSES ON CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION (2010)

Choi, H. J.1; Kim, M. K.2; Jeong, J. H.3; Ko, J. H.4; Lee, H. J.4; Wee, W. R.2; Lee, J. H.2 Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Acetals by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Mediated Cycloaddition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Cyclic Enol Ethers. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Birdcage Volume Coil Design (2011)

Birdcage coils have become the standard resonator for producing uniform, circularly polarized, transverse radiofrequency magnetic fields in cylindrical magnetic resonance systems. This article explains the operation of the birdcage coil and includes practical design curves and a typical bill of materials. Construction and tuning methods are also illustrated.
t-Closeness: Privacy Beyond k-Anonymity and l-Diversity (2007)

The k-anonymity privacy requirement for publishing microdata requires that each equivalence class (i.e., a set of records that are indistinguishable from each other with respect to certain "identifying" attributes) contains at least k records. Recently, several authors have recognized that k-anonymity cannot prevent attribute disclosure. The notion of l-diversity has been proposed to address this; l-diversity requires that each equivalence class has at least l well-represented values for each sensitive attribute. In this paper we show that l-diversity has a number of limitations. In particular, it is neither necessary nor sufficient to prevent attribute disclosure. We propose a novel privacy notion called t-closeness, which requires that the distribution of a sensitive attribute in any equivalence class is close to the distribution of the attribute in the overall table (i.e., the distance between the two distributions should be no more than a threshold t). We choose to use the earth mover distance measure for our t-closeness requirement. We discuss the rationale for t-closeness and illustrate its advantages through examples and experiments.
Graphite Photoelectrochemistry:  3. Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Surface-Confined Hydroquinones at Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Basal Plane Electrodes (2000)

Photocurrent measurements at irradiated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite basal plane electrodes with adsorbed quinone/hydroquinone (benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, and 9,10-phenantherenequinone) couples are reported. The photocurrent was generated by modulated UV−vis light. The potential dependence of the photocurrent, the photocurrent light action spectra, and photocurrent dependence on light modulation frequency are reported. The peak of the anodic photocurrent curve was found close to the formal potential of the adsorbed redox couple. The peak is ascribed to the action of two opposite processes: (1) oxidation of adsorbed hydroquinones by hot holes that are photogenerated in the graphite; (2) relaxation of the adsorbed redox couple to equilibrium by a dark reduction process. A model describing the dependence of the photocurrent magnitude and phase angle on the light modulation frequency as a function of parameters of the dark reduction process is presented. Rate constants calculated by the proposed model for the dark process are consistent with reported values.
Isolation of active regulatory elements from eukaryotic chromatin using FAIRE (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) (2020)

The binding of sequence-specific regulatory factors and the recruitment of chromatin remodeling activities cause nucleosomes to be evicted from chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Traditionally, these active sites have been identified experimentally through their sensitivity to nucleases. Here we describe the details of a simple procedure for the genome-wide isolation of nucleosome-depleted DNA from human chromatin, termed FAIRE (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements). We also provide protocols for different methods of detecting FAIRE-enriched DNA, including use of PCR, DNA microarrays, and next-generation sequencing. FAIRE works on all eukaryotic chromatin tested to date. To perform FAIRE, chromatin is crosslinked with formaldehyde, sheared by sonication, and phenol-chloroform extracted. Most genomic DNA is crosslinked to nucleosomes and is sequestered to the interphase, whereas DNA recovered in the aqueous phase corresponds to nucleosome-depleted regions of the genome. The isolated regions are largely coincident with the location of DNaseI hypersensitive sites, transcriptional start sites, enhancers, insulators, and active promoters. Given its speed and simplicity, FAIRE has utility in establishing chromatin profiles of diverse cell types in health and disease, isolating DNA regulatory elements en masse for further characterization, and as a screening assay for the effects of small molecules on chromatin organization.
A systematic review of interleukin-2-based immunotherapies in clinical trials for cancer and autoimmune diseases (2023)

This work was supported by public funding agencies.
PREPRINT: Found Object Puppeteering as a Tool for Rapid Movement Sketching in 3D Animation (2022)

Both expert and novice animators have a need to engage in movement sketching -- low-cost, rapid iteration on a character's movement style -- especially early on in the ideation process. Yet animation tools currently focus on low-level character control mechanisms rather than encouraging engagement with and deep observation of movement. We identify Found Object puppeteering -- where puppeteers manipulate everyday physical objects with their hands -- as a creative practice whose use of material "jigs" is uniquely well-positioned to scaffold the novice animator's developing skills. In this paper, we draw on the practice of an expert puppeteer practitioner to inform the design of a system that incorporates physical objects into the animation workflow to scaffold novices into diverse movement exploration while manipulating digital puppets.
Pump-probe measurements of multiwavelength ultrafast gain dynamics in a semiconductor optical amplifier (2004)

The ultrafast gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier is measured under phase-correlated multiwavelength pulse amplification. Four-wave mixing, carrier heating and carrier cooling effects are observed and shown to enhance the phase correlation. © 2003 Optical Society of America.
Green and Scalable Fabrication of High‐Performance Biocatalysts Using Covalent Organic Frameworks as Enzyme Carriers (2022)

Abstract Enzyme immobilization is essential to the commercial viability of various critical large‐scale biocatalytic processes. However, challenges remain for the immobilization systems, such as difficulties in loading large enzymes, enzyme leaching, and limitations for large‐scale fabrication. Herein, we describe a green and scalable strategy to prepare high‐performance biocatalysts through in situ assembly of enzymes with covalent organic frameworks (COFs) under ambient conditions (aqueous solution and room temperature). The obtained biocatalysts have exceptional reusability and stability and serve as efficient biocatalysts for important industrial reactions that cannot be efficiently catalyzed by free enzymes or traditional enzyme immobilization systems. Notably, this versatile enzyme immobilization platform is applicable to various COFs and enzymes. The reactions in an aqueous solution occurred within a short timeframe (ca. 10–30 min) and could be scaled up readily (ca. 2.3 g per reaction).
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Increases Neurogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury (2010)

Activation of endogenous stem cells has been proposed as a novel form of therapy in a variety of neurologic disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in the brain after TBI and serves as a potent activator of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. In this study, we infused exogenous VEGF into the lateral ventricles of mice for 7 days after TBI using mini-osmotic pumps to evaluate the effects on recovery and functional outcome. The results of our study show that VEGF significantly increases the number of proliferating cells in the subventricular zone and in the perilesion cortex. Fate analysis showed that most newborn cells differentiated into astrocytes and oligodendroglia and only a few cells differentiated into neurons. Functional outcome was significantly better in mice treated with VEGF compared with vehicle-treated animals after TBI. Injury size was significantly smaller at 90 days after TBI in VEGF-treated animals, suggesting additional neuroprotective effects of VEGF. In conclusion, VEGF significantly augments neurogenesis and angiogenesis and reduces lesion volumes after TBI. These changes are associated with significant improvement in recovery rates and functional outcome.
On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance (1997)

ABSTRACT Using a sample free of survivor bias, I demonstrate that common factors in stock returns and investment expenses almost completely explain persistence in equity mutual funds' mean and risk‐adjusted returns. Hendricks, Patel and Zeckhauser's (1993) “hot hands” result is mostly driven by the one‐year momentum effect of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) , but individual funds do not earn higher returns from following the momentum strategy in stocks. The only significant persistence not explained is concentrated in strong underperformance by the worst‐return mutual funds. The results do not support the existence of skilled or informed mutual fund portfolio managers.
Study of carrier dynamics in LT GaAs by means of time-resolved emission terahertz spectroscopy (2005)

Summary form only given. Biased large aperture semiconductor emitters are widely used to generate ultrashort broadband terahertz (THz) pulses. The temporal shape of such pulses can be determined through a phase sensitive electro-optic or photoconduction sampling technique. The measured profile of the THz pulse then depends on several factors: (i) incoming optical pulse shape, (ii) dynamics of photo-excited carriers in the THz emitter, (iii) far-infrared optics transforming the THz beam, and (iv) receiving antenna or sensor spectral detectivity. We used 80 fs laser pulses at 800 nm generated by a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser to excite biased GaAs samples. They consisted of a 1.3 /spl mu/m layer of MBE-GaAs grown at low temperatures (LT-GaAs) on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate with a 72.5 nm GaAs buffer layer. We studied several samples characterised by different deposition temperatures ranging between 175 and 250/spl deg/C. The irradiated THz waveform was measured using a ZnTe electro-optic sensor (without any focusing optics to avoid the waveform reshaping). The THz signal was studied as a function of several parameters (applied voltage, pump laser intensity, distance between biased electrodes). Lateral scans of the emitter position (with regard to the pump beam) were also performed.