gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Modeling of a Novel RR-RP Hybrid Serial-Parallel Mechanism With Variable Topology (2021)

Abstract This paper introduces a new mechanism that will be classified as an RR-RP hybrid serial-parallel mechanism with variable topology. A mechanism with variable topology is a mechanism that can change its topology due to a change it its joints constraint geometric profile. The RR-RP is unique in that it combines the functionality of both an RR and RP serial manipulator without the need for an additional actuator, leading to a lower weight, lower cost, and more efficient mechanism. The new mechanism and its topology are presented, followed by a workspace analysis, derivation of the forward and inverse kinematics, and velocity analysis of the new mechanism.
Plane wave medical ultrasound imaging using adaptive beamforming (2008)

In this paper, the adaptive, minimum variance (MV) beam-former is applied to medical ultrasound imaging. The significant resolution and contrast gain provided by the adaptive, minimum variance (MV) beamformer, introduces the possibility of plane wave (PW) ultrasound imaging. Data is obtained using Field II and a 7 MHz, 128-elements, linear array transducer with lambda/2-spacing. MV is compared to the conventional delay-and-sum (DS) beamformer with Boxcar and Hanning weights. Furthermore, the PW images are compared to the a conventional ultrasound image, obtained from a linear scan sequence. The four approaches, {Linear Scan, DS Boxcar, DS Hanning, MV}, have full width at half maximum of {0.82, 0.71, 1.28, 0.12} mm and peak side-lobe levels of {-40.1,-16.8,-34.4,-57.0} dB.
Effect of CP‐690,550, an Orally Active Janus Kinase Inhibitor, on Renal Function in Healthy Adult Volunteers (2009)

CP‐690,550 is a Janus kinase inhibitor being developed to prevent allograft rejection and treat several autoimmune diseases. This study examines the effect of multiple doses of CP‐690,550 on renal function in healthy volunteers. Thirty‐four volunteers are randomized in a 2:1 ratio in a double‐blinded manner to receive CP‐690,550 15 mg twice daily or placebo twice daily for 14 days. Volunteers are confined in‐house to receive a controlled regimen of water intake and sodium intake of 4 to 5 g/d. The effect of CP‐690,550 on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is measured by iohexol serum clearance, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by para‐aminohippuric acid (PAH) urinary clearance, and creatinine clearance by 24‐hour urine collection on day 1 (predose) and day 15. Steady‐state pharmacokinetics and tolerability are assessed. Comparing the day 15 and day 1 (predose) values shows that geometric mean ratios for iohexol serum clearance, PAH urinary clearance, and creatinine clearance are 0.995, 0.925, and 0.948, respectively. When adjusted for the corresponding placebo day ratios, the geometric mean ratios are 1.09, 0.978, and 1.05, respectively. CP‐690,550 is well tolerated. These findings indicate that CP‐690,550 does not affect GFR, ERPF, or creatinine clearance in healthy volunteers.
Detection of anomalous propagation echoes in weather radar data using neural networks (1999)

The authors investigate a neural network-based methodology for detection of the anomalous propagation (AP) radar echo. The methodology is devised to cope with the situations when only single scan data are available. The output of the procedure is quantified in four classes corresponding to the upper limits of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of AP echo per scan. The high dimension of the input data space is reduced by feature extraction based on physical considerations. Fractal based, statistical, and wavelet analyses are performed, and their characteristics are used as features. A feedforward neural network is used for classification in the four classes, with a fuzzy strategy used in the network training. The authors test the methodology on real data and make a comprehensive assessment of the procedure's accuracy based on cross validation.
Learning when to garbage collect with random forests (2019)

Generational garbage collectors are one of the most common types of automatic memory management. We can minimize the costs they incur by carefully choosing the points in a program's execution at which they run. However, this decision is generally based on simple, crude heuristics. Instead, we train random forest classifiers to decide when to collect based on features gathered from a running program. This reduces the total cost of collection in both time and space. We demonstrate useful generalization of learned policies to unseen traces of the same program, showing this approach may be fruitful for further investigation.
[Maxillary sinus lifting and simultaneously placement of implants from the top of alveoli]. (2003)

The Frialit-2 bone condenser can be used for lifting sinus floor, and the sinus elevation without lateral access allows the insertion of implants with no additional surgical stress for the patients.
Carburization – introductory survey (1998)

This survey revisits the research in Germany in the seventies and eighties on carburization conducted in a fine cooperation of research institutes and a supplier of high temperature alloys, funded in the programme FEKKS by the BMFT. The kinetics and mechanism of the carburization of high alloy Cr-Ni-steels and the main reasons for failure were elucidated, also ways and means for corrosion protection and avoidance were developed. Aufkohlung – Einleitender Überblick Ein Rückblick wird vorgenommen auf die Forschung, die in Deutschland in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren über Aufkohlung in einer guten Zusammenarbeit von Forschungsinstituten und einer Hochtemperaturlegierungen herstellenden Firma durchgeführt wurde, unterstützt in dem Programm ‘Forschung und Entwicklung – Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz’ (FEKKS) durch das Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (BMFT). Die Kinetik und Mechanismen der Aufkohlung von hochlegierten Cr-Ni-Stählen und die wichtigsten Ursachen ihres Versagens in aufkohlender Umgebung wurden aufgeklärt, auch wurden Mittel und Wege zum Korrosionsschutz und zur Vermeidung der Aufkohlung entwickelt.
Abstract LB-435: Double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3 showing effects on tissue calcitriol levels, gene expression and proliferation immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract Background: Preclinical data suggest that vitamin D plays a favourable role in prostate cancer prevention and prognosis, but its putative anticancer effects have not been validated in clinical prostate tissue samples. Here, we report the results from a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Objectives: We conducted an RCT to determine whether simple cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) consumed orally elicits effects on prostate cancer pathology in prostate tissue obtained at surgery. Methods: Prostate cancer patients (n=66) with Gleason scores 6 or 7 and scheduled for radical prostatectomy were randomized to daily vitamin D doses of 400, 10,000, or 40,000 IU for 3-8 wk before surgery. Results: Laser-capture microdissected paraffin-embedded prostate tissue showed differential expression, between benign and cancerous regions, for the cancer-related mRNAs and miRNAs, as well as for the Ki-67 proliferation marker (p0.07 among groups). The group consuming 40,000 IU/d vitamin D exhibited the highest levels of both calcitriol and its precursor as measured in frozen prostate tissue and in serum (p&amp;lt;0.02 each). Prostate tissue calcitriol correlated strongly with the expression of androgen receptor mRNA (r = -0.58, p=0.001), NKX3.1 mRNA (r = -0.39, p=0.02), miR-100 (r = 0.44, p=0.01), miR-125b (r = 0.37, p=0.03), Let-7a (r = 0.47, p=0.03), miR-141 (r = 0.51, p=0.002), miR-106b (r = 0.45, p=0.01), and miR-331-3p (r = 0.47, p=0.005). Automated digital analysis of immunohistochemically stained prostate cancer regions showed that prostate tissue calcitriol related negatively with Ki67 intensity (r = -0.38, p =0.02) and percent of nuclei stained strongly positive (3+) for Ki67 (r = -0.41, p=0.008). A threshold effect was evident such that patients at the highest quartile of prostate tissue calcitriol (≥ 37 pmol/kg) had significantly lower AR mRNA (p&amp;lt;0.001), NKX3.1 mRNA (p=0.01), and Ki67 measures (p&amp;lt;0.05), as well as higher levels of the correlated miRNAs (p&amp;lt;0.05), compared to those with lower levels. Conclusions: We provide level-1 clinical evidence that higher oral vitamin D doses produce higher levels of calcitriol within prostate tissue, and that higher prostate calcitriol relates to lower androgen receptor mRNA, higher miRNA signalling, and diminished expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in prostate cancer. These RCT results justify a need to explore strategies that may maximize calcitriol within prostate for cancer chemoprevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-435. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-435
Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Near‐Infrared Electron Acceptors for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells (2022)

Abstract Double‐cable conjugated polymers with near‐infrared (NIR) electron acceptors are synthesized for use in single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). Through the development of a judicious synthetic pathway, the highly sensitive nature of the 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (IC)‐based electron acceptors in basic and protonic solvents is overcome. In addition, an asymmetric design motif is adopted to optimize the packing of donor and acceptor segments, enhancing charge separation efficiency. As such, the new double‐cable polymers are successfully applied in SCOSCs, providing an efficiency of over 10 % with a broad photo response from 300 to 850 nm and exhibiting excellent thermal/light stability. These results demonstrate the powerful design of NIR‐acceptor‐based double‐cable polymers and will enable SCOSCs to enter a new stage.
A bitonic-sorter based VLSI implementation of the M-algorithm (2003)

An implementation of the M-algorithm based on a bitonic sorter is proposed for VLSI implementation. The sorting network is already proven. The sorting architecture is well matched to the use of a few high-speed pipelined path extender units. Such units are highly specific to the trellis being decoded, but it is generally possible to fit several on one chip. The architecture is readily extended to larger M with only a small fractional decrease in decoding rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to modulate the face inversion effect on the N170 ERP component. (2019)

In the present study, we combined tDCS and EEG to examine theelectrophysiological responses to the tDCS-induced effects onthe face inversion effect showed in recent studies. A double-blindprocedure with a between-subjects design (n=48) was used withthe subjects, recruited from the student population, beingrandomly assigned to either tDCS anodal or sham condition. ThetDCS stimulation was delivered over the DLPFC at Fp3 site for10 min at an intensity of 1.5mA while subjects engaged in anold/new recognition task traditionally used to obtain theinversion effect. The behavioural results generally confirmedprevious findings. Critically, the results from the N170 show aneffect of tDCS. Specifically, the tDCS procedure was able tomodulate the N170 peak component by reducing the inversioneffect on the latencies (i.e. less delay between upright andinverted faces) and by increasing the inversion effect on theamplitudes (i.e. larger N170 for inverted vs upright faces). Weinterpret the results based on the previous literature in regard tothe inversion effect on the N170 component.
Papillary Carcinoma in A Huge Intrathoracic Goiter with Tracheal Stenosis and Invasion (1993)

A rare case in tracheal invasion by a papillary carcinoma in an intrathoracic goiter is reported. Subtotal thyroidectomy and tracheoplasty were performed. Surgery should be considered as first-line treatment of intrathoracic goiter in order to avoid future compression of the respiratory tract and to remove possible concomitant malignant lesion.
Kondo resonance in magnetic double tunnel junctions (2005)

The magneto-transport properties of double tunnel junctions are reported as a function of temperature and bias. The double tunnel junctions were formed with MgO tunnel barriers and CoFe magnetic electrodes in which the middle electrode is comprised of ultra-thin CoFe layers. Double magnetic tunnel junctions, comprised of CoFe/MgO/CoFe/MgO/CoFe, were deposited on SiO/sub 2/ through a sequence of metal shadow masks using dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Tunneling magnetoresistance and AC conductance measurements show a peak in the conductance at low bias voltages and temperatures (below /spl sim/50 K) and a strong suppression of tunneling magnetoresistance in the same bias voltage and temperature regime. These features are strongly reminiscent of Kondo resonance effects previously observed previously in lithographically defined quantum dots and C/sub 60/ molecules placed between ferromagnetic electrodes.
Nix induced mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and myocyte insulin resistance are abrogated by PKA phosphorylation (2019)

Lipotoxicity is a form of cellular stress caused by the accumulation of lipids resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in muscle. Previously, we demonstrated that Nix is a lipotoxicity‐responsive gene that accumulates in response to diacylglycerols induced by high‐fat and sucrose (HFS) feeding and exacerbated by exposure to gestational diabetes (GDM) during fetal development. Genetic inhibition of stimulus‐activated autophagy results in impaired exercise tolerance and reduced glucose uptake, yet reducing excessive mitophagy improves insulin resistance following high‐fat feeding. To provide a better understanding of these observations, we undertook a gene expression array and shot‐gun metabolomics in soleus muscle from rodents on an HFS diet and/or exposed to GDM. Interestingly, we observed a modest reduction in several autophagy‐related genes including Beclin‐1, ATG3, ‐5, and ‐7. Moreover, we observed an alteration in the ratio of cardiolipin to phosphatidic acid and reduced mitofusin‐2 expression, suggesting aberrant mitochondrial dynamics underlies muscle insulin resistance. In a series of gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments in rodent and human myotubes, we demonstrate that Nix accumulation triggers mitochondrial depolarization, fragmentation, calcium‐dependent activation of DRP‐1, and mitophagy. In addition, Nix‐induced mitophagy leads to myotube insulin resistance through activation of mTOR‐S6K inhibition of IRS‐1. Finally, we demonstrate that Nix‐induced mitophagy and insulin resistance can be reversed by direct phosphorylation of Nix by PKA, leading to the translocation of Nix from the mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. These findings provide insight into the role of Nix‐induced mitophagy and muscle insulin resistance during an overfed state when overall autophagy‐related gene expression is reduced. Furthermore, our data suggests a mechanism by which exercise or pharmacological activation of PKA may overcome insulin resistance. Support or Funding Information Support by NSERC, DREAM‐CHRIM, and Research Manitoba. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
The Prevalence of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus over a 10-Year Period in Rural Zaire (1988)

In 1985 we tested 659 human serum samples, collected in the remote Equateur province of Zaire in 1976, for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Five (0.8 percent) were positive, and HIV was isolated from one of these. Follow-up investigations in 1985 revealed that three of the five seropositive persons had died of illnesses suggestive of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and two remained healthy but seropositive. In 1986, a serosurvey we conducted using a cluster-sampling technique in the same region showed a seroprevalence of 0.8 percent in 389 randomly selected residents. The seroprevalence in 283 prostitutes was 11 percent. Patients with AIDS were identified in various hospitals in the province. Risk factors for AIDS included a greater than average number of sexual partners and residence outside the area. We believe that the long-term stability of HIV infection in residents of rural Zaire suggests that social change may have promoted the spread of AIDS in Africa.
Potassium uptake system Trk2 is crucial for yeast cell viability during anhydrobiosis (2013)

Yeasts grow at very different potassium concentrations, adapting their intracellular cation levels to changes in the external environment. Potassium homeostasis is maintained with the help of several transporters mediating the uptake and efflux of potassium with various affinities and mechanisms. In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two uptake systems, Trk1 and Trk2, are responsible for the accumulation of a relatively high intracellular potassium content (200-300 mM) and the efflux of surplus potassium is mediated by the Tok1 channel and active exporters Ena ATPase and Nha1 cation/proton antiporter. Using a series of deletion mutants, we studied the role of individual potassium transporters in yeast cell resistance to dehydration. The Trk2 transporter (whose role in S. cerevisiae physiology was not clear) is important for cell viability in the stationary phase of growth and, moreover, it plays a crucial role in the yeast survival of dehydration/rehydration treatments. Mutants lacking the TRK2 gene accumulated significantly lower amounts of potassium ions in the stationary culture growth phase, and these lower amounts correlated with decreased resistance to dehydration/rehydration stress. Our results showed Trk2 to be the major potassium uptake system in stationary cells, and potassium content to be a crucial parameter for desiccation survival.
Measurements of NOx over the eastern Pacific Ocean and southwestern United States during the spring 1984 NASA GTE aircraft program (1989)

Measurements of NO, NO x (NO + NO 2 ), O 3 , and CO are presented from seven aircraft flights made over the eastern Pacific Ocean and the southwestern United States in spring of 1984. The sampling region was characterized by large‐ and small‐scale variability for all of the measurements, likely as a result of vigorous synoptic‐scale meteorology and the influence of tropopause folds. Median values for NO, NO x , O 3 , and CO from the flights made over the ocean in the region of 5.8–7.6 km were 10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), 32 pptv, 46 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and 120 ppbv, respectively. Corresponding values from two flights made over the continent at similar altitudes were 16 pptv, 38 pptv, 42 ppbv, and 111 ppbv. There was a strong tendency for NO or NO x to be correlated positively with O 3 and to be anticorrelated with dew‐point/frost‐point measurements. No significant overall correlation occurred between NO x and CO for the ocean data. The variability of NO x was such that regions of net destruction and regions of net production of O 3 were sampled both over the ocean and over the continent. However, in the middle free troposphere over the ocean, net O 3 destruction was predominant.
Geometry-adaptive motion partitioning using improved temporal prediction (2017)

Current state of the art video codecs such as HEVC are based on rectangular motion partitioning and compensation. To further enhance the compression performance, more flexible block partitioning strategies are needed. We present geometry based motion partitioning (GMP) in a post-HEVC framework with improved temporal prediction of GMP parameters. Our main contribution is a simple yet efficient temporal projection method for GMP parameters using available reference picture motion vectors, which allows the tracking of geometric partitioning lines along a motion trajectory. Average bit rate reductions by 1.35% are reported.
Behaviour of postnatally growth-impaired mice during malnutrition and after partial weight recovery (2013)

These results suggest that the role of early nutrition on behavioural development after recovery in animal models may have been overestimated. Further careful examination of this animal model in terms of maternal care and offspring behaviour will be necessary to confirm if mice nursed by α-casein-deficient dams offer an alternative to existing models while eliminating potential confounding factors.
<title>SeaWinds quality assurance and applications</title> (2002)

The latest spaceborne scatterometer, SeaWinds on QuikSCAT, estimates near-surface ocean winds at 25 km resolution over the entire globe. The scatterometer wind retrieval process generates several possible wind vector choices or ambiguities at each resolution cell. Routines for selecting a unique wind vector field are generally ad hoc and error prone. In order to assess SeaWinds ambiguity selection and spatial consistency of retrieved winds, a quality assurance (QA) algorithm is presented based on comparing ambiguity-selected winds to a low-order wind field model fit. Regions exceeding error thresholds are rated according to spatial consistency and flagged as possible ambiguity selection errors. Appropriate error thresholds and additional flagging criteria are set through an analysis of false alarms versus missed detections on a manually-inspected training data set. The QA algorithm correctly identifies 97% of the manually flagged regions with a false alarm rate of less than 2%. Applying the algorithm to 16 months of QuikSCAT wind data, we conclude that SeaWinds ambiguity selection is over 95% effective on regions of rms wind speed greater than 3.5 m/s. The QA algorithm indicates that higher noise occurs at nadir and in areas of low wind speed. additionally, fewer estimated ambiguity selection errors occur at nadir and on the swath edges due to a larger ambiguity set in those regions. The percentage of ambiguity selection errors are found to be highly correlated with the number of cyclonic storms passed by SeaWinds and the percentage of wind vector cells corrupted by rain.