gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and analgesic activities of some 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl and 1,2-disubstituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazole derivatives. (1999)

Some substituted imidazole compounds were synthesized and their analgesic activities were determined on the Swiss albino mice (25-35 g) of either sex. During the synthesis, 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazole compounds were obtained by the reaction of benzil with some substituted or nonsubstituted aldehyde derivatives, in the presence of ammonium acetate. 1-Ethyl-2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazole compounds were obtained by the reaction of purified 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazole derivatives with alkyl halides in THF at the presence of NaH. All spectral and elemental analyses of the compounds were completed and their structures elucidated. Analgesic activities of the compounds were examined using the Tail-Clip method. 15a (2-p-chlorophenyl-4,5-diphenyl imidazole) and 6b (1-ethyl-2-p-hydroxyphenyl-4,5-diphenyl imidazole) derivatives were found to be more active than the others and their LD50 values were found to be greater than 100 mg/kg (i.p.).
Fluorescence-based Single-cell Analysis of Whole-mount-stained and Cleared Microtissues and Organoids for High Throughput Screening (2021)

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, especially in the form of organ-like microtissues ("organoids"), has emerged as a novel tool potentially mimicking human tissue biology more closely than standard two-dimensional culture. Typically, tissue sectioning is the standard method for immunohistochemical analysis. However, it removes cells from their native niche and can result in the loss of 3D context during analyses. Automated workflows require parallel processing and analysis of hundreds to thousands of samples, and sectioning is mechanically complex, time-intensive, and thus less suited for automated workflows. Here, we present a simple protocol for combined whole-mount immunostaining, tissue-clearing, and optical analysis of large-scale (approx. 1 mm) 3D tissues with single-cell level resolution. While the protocol can be performed manually, it was specifically designed to be compatible with high-throughput applications and automated liquid handling systems. This approach is freely scalable and allows parallel automated processing of large sample numbers in standard labware. We have successfully applied the protocol to human mid- and forebrain organoids, but, in principle, the workflow is suitable for a variety of 3D tissue samples to facilitate the phenotypic discovery of cellular behaviors in 3D cell culture-based high-throughput screens. Graphic abstract: Automatable organoid clearing and high-content analysis workflow and timeline.
Electrical characterization of a dc secondary discharge created during plasma sputtering deposition of palladium thin films (2000)

Good quality Pd thin films (for catalysis application) can be obtained by a low-pressure plasma sputtering method. The metal atom source is a helicoidal wire which is negatively biased so that argon ions created in a high frequency plasma are attracted and gain sufficient energy to induce sputtering. Depending on the experimental conditions (gas pressure, wire bias voltage), the sputtering process occurs in different regimes corresponding to either the presence of a simple cathodic sheath or the breakdown of an hollow cathode type discharge inside the helix. Since the flux of metal atoms condensing onto the substrate depends on the sputtering characteristics, it is of particular interest to study the formation of this secondary discharge (breakdown voltage and density profile). This is carried out by measuring the Langmuir saturation current profile inside and around the helix, and correlating the results with the determination by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis of the deposition rate on a SiO2 substrate. We also present density profiles of the argon plasma along the main axis of the reactor, which show that the flux of argon ions onto the substrate is not affected by the nature of the helix discharge. Finally, the ability to extend the range of deposition conditions (especially the ion flux to metal atom flux ratio) by using the helix diameter as an additional parameter is discussed.
Inhibition of pressure-activated cancer cell adhesion by FAK-derived peptides (2017)

Forces within the surgical milieu or circulation activate cancer cell adhesion and potentiate metastasis through signaling requiring FAK-Akt1 interaction. Impeding FAK-Akt1 interaction might inhibit perioperative tumor dissemination, facilitating curative cancer surgery without global FAK or AKT inhibitor toxicity. Serial truncation and structurally designed mutants of FAK identified a seven amino acid, short helical structure within FAK that effectively competes with Akt1-FAK interaction. Adenoviral overexpression of this FAK-derived peptide inhibited pressure-induced FAK phosphorylation and AKT-FAK coimmunoprecipitation in human SW620 colon cancer cells briefly exposed to 15mmHg increased pressure, consistent with laparoscopic or post-surgical pressures. Adenoviral FAK-derived peptide expression prevented pressure-activation of SW620 adhesion not only to collagen-I-coated plates but also to murine surgical wounds. A scrambled peptide did not. Finally, we modeled operative shedding of tumor cells before irrigation and closure by transient cancer cell adhesion to murine surgical wounds before irrigation and closure. Thirty minute preincubation of SW620 cells at 15mmHg increased pressure impaired subsequent tumor free survival in mice exposed to cells expressing the scrambled peptide. The FAK-derived sequence prevented this. These results suggest that blocking FAK-Akt1 interaction may prevent perioperative tumor dissemination and that analogs or mimics of this 7 amino acid FAK-derived peptide could impair metastasis.
Development and validation of the Skills Assessment in Microsurgery for Brain Aneurysms (SAMBA) instrument for predicting proficiency in aneurysm surgery (2019)

Predictive validation of the placenta brain aneurysm model has been previously reported, but the SAMBA scale adds an objective scoring system to verify microsurgical ability in this complex operation, stratifying proficiency by points. The SAMBA scale can be used as an interface between learning and practicing, as it can be applied in a safe and controlled environment, such as is provided by a placenta model, with similar results obtained in real surgery, predicting real surgical performance.
A pan‐metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape (2021)

Adult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long-lived, lineage-restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ-restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by 'stemness' gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ-cell markers, but often lack germ-line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole-body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape: the 'wobbling Penrose' landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an 'Escherian stairwell', in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
Transparent tactile feeling device for touch-screen interface (2005)

We propose a transparent tactile feeling input device on the touch-screen interface, which provides actual keystroke and tactile key feeling without preventing the function of the touch-screen interface. Without using mechatronics elements such as force sensor or actuators, the device can adapt to the touch-screen interface used in general. In order to realize tactile feeling of clicking, we referred to a specific shape of the conventional switch in design process, and formed structure of the input device with the transparent silicone elastomer. Consequently, the experiment shows transparent haptic device realized click feeling on the touch-screen display.
Endoglycosidase S Enables a Highly Simplified Clinical Chemistry Procedure for Direct Assessment of Serum IgG Undergalactosylation in Chronic Inflammatory Disease (2018)

Over the past 30 years, it has been firmly established that a wide spectrum of (autoimmune) diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's and lupus, but also other pathologies like alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH) are driven by chronic inflammation and are hallmarked by a reduced level of serum IgG galactosylation. IgG (under)galactosylation is a promising biomarker to assess disease severity, and monitor and adjust therapy. However, this biomarker has not been implemented in routine clinical chemistry because of a complex analytical procedure that necessitates IgG purification, which is difficult to perform and validate at high throughput. We addressed this issue by using endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (endoS) to specifically release Fc N-glycans in whole serum. The entire assay can be completed in a few hours and only entails adding endoS and labeling the glycans with APTS. Glycans are then readily analyzed through capillary electrophoresis. We demonstrate in two independent patient cohorts that IgG undergalactosylation levels obtained with this assay correlate very well with scores calculated from PNGaseF-released glycans of purified antibodies. Our new assay allows to directly and specifically measure the degree of IgG galactosylation in serum through a fast and completely liquid phase protocol, without the requirement for antibody purification. This should help advancing this biomarker toward clinical implementation.
Low Resolution Mass Spectra of Some Unsaturated δ-Lactones (1972)

Journal Article Low Resolution Mass Spectra of Some Unsaturated δ-Lactones Get access Gerda Urbach, Gerda Urbach Dairy Research Laboratory, Division of Food Research, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William Stark, William Stark Dairy Research Laboratory, Division of Food Research, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akio Nobuhara Akio Nobuhara Central Research Institute of Kikkoman Shoyu Co., Ltd., Noda-Shi, Chiba-ken, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 7, 1 July 1972, Pages 1217–1228, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1972.10860375 Published: 01 July 1972 Article history Received: 06 January 1972 Published: 01 July 1972
Research of detection method for IT system ground fault of EMUs (2017)

In order to judge whether the single-phase grounding fault occurs in the neutral point ungrounded power supply system (IT system) of the electric multiple units (EMU), we calculated the formula of zero-sequence voltage with three-phase load and designed the test circuit to get the grounding situation in IT system. The experimental model was simulated in MATLAB, which proved that the formula was correct. We built the actual experimental platform to test single-phase direct grounding, single-phase grounding through resistance and two-phase grounding through resistance. In the end, we obtained the range of the zero-sequence voltage and the law of the zero-sequence voltage with the three-phase load.
Upconversion luminescence of Er and Cr in YSGG laser crystals (1994)

Upconversion and excited-state absorption (ESA) excitation of green luminescence were studied in Er-doped YSGG pumped at 780–825 nm. At high Er concentration (4 × 1021 cm−3), energy-transfer upconversion was the main pump channel for the green Er luminescence; at low Er concentration (2 × 1020 cm−3), ESA predominated at several spectral lines. Upconversion excitation of Cr broadband luminescence through the energy transfer from rare-earth (RE) ions was proposed in Cr,Re codoped crystals. Numerical estimations showed that upconversion efficiency of the proposed schemes can be high enough to reach reasonable excited-state concentrations for both Er and Cr diode-pumped conversion lasers.
Turbulent flow research (2015)

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X-Band Polarimetric Radar Measurements of Rainfall (2002)

A combined polarimetric estimator for rainfall rate (R) retrievals from polarimetric radar measurements at X band is proposed. This estimator uses the horizontal polarization radar reflectivity Z e , differential reflectivity Z DR , and specific differential phase shift K DP , and it intrinsically accounts for changes in how drop oblateness increases with size. Because this estimator uses power measurements (i.e., Z e and Z DR ), a procedure for correcting these measurements for effects of partial attenuation and differential attenuation using the differential phase measurement is suggested. An altitude correction for estimates of rainfall rates is also suggested. The proposed combined polarimetric estimator that uses K DP , Z DR , and Z e , an estimator that uses K DP alone for equilibrium drop shapes, and different Z e -R relations were applied to the 15 rain events observed with the NOAA X-band transportable polarimetric radar during the eight-week field campaign at the NASA Wallops Island facility in Virginia. The observed rains ranged from very light stratiform events to very heavy convective ones with cells producing rainfall rates in excess of 100 mm h 1 . The three different ground validation sites were equipped with high-resolution (0.01 in.) tipping-bucket rain gauges. One of these sites also was equipped with disdrometers. In terms of the relative standard deviation, the combined polarimetric estimator provided the best overall agreement with gauge data (22%), closely followed by a case-tuned Z e -R relation (23%) that was determined for each observational case from drop size distributions (DSD) measured in situ by a disdrometer and was available only a posteriori. The use of the K DP -only estimator and a mean Z e -R relation resulted in 30% and 32% relative standard deviations, correspondingly. The combined polarimetric estimator, the K DP -only estimator, and the casetuned Z e -R relation estimator provided about a 6%-9% negative bias in comparison with the gauge data; the mean Z e -R relation estimator provided a larger negative bias (18%).
Introduction to operators (2013)

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4.-8. März 2019 (2019)

The analysis of graph data using graph database and distributed graph processing systems has gained significant interest. However, relatively little effort has been devoted to preparing the graph data for analysis, in particular to transform and integrate data from different sources. To support such ETL processes for graph data we investigate transformation operations for property graphs managed by the distributed platform Gradoop. We also provide initial results of a runtime evaluation of the proposed graph data transformations.
HLA‐DQB1*0301 association with increased cutaneous melanoma risk (1994)

Susceptibility to a variety of malignancies has been linked to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, including the HLA class II allele DQB1*0301. To determine whether melanoma risk is associated with HLA class II alleles, molecular oligotyping of HLA class II-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 genes was performed for 45 patients with melanoma. The DQB1*0301 allele was present in 56% of melanoma patients vs. 27% of 200 local Caucasian controls. This difference was highly significant (Bonferroni's-corrected chi-square p = 0.003, OR = 3.4). No other class II allele tested was present at significantly increased or decreased frequency in melanoma patients. Furthermore, presence of DQB1*0301 in melanoma patients was associated with advanced disease. Melanoma patients carrying the DQB1*0301 allele presented on average with thicker primary tumors (mean 3.7 mm vs. 1.8 mm, 2-tailed p = 0.02) and were more likely to present with regional or distant metastatic disease (stages III-IV, 44% vs. 5%, chi-square p = 0.003), compared to melanoma patients without DQB1*0301. Risk of melanoma incidence or progression may be influenced by DQB1*0301 or a closely linked gene.
Xestobergsterol C, a New Pentacyclic Steroid from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Ircinia sp. and Absolute Stereochemistry of Xestobergsterol A (1995)

A new pentacyclic steroid, xestobergsterol C [1], possessing a cis C/D ring junction, has been isolated together with two known compounds, xestobergsterols A [2] and B [3], from the Okinawan marine sponge Ircinia sp., and the structure determined on the basis of spectral data. Reexamination of the nmr data of xestobergsterols A [2] and B [3] resulted in revision of the configuration at C-23 and of the conformation of ring D in 2 and 3. The absolute stereochemistry of xestobergsterol A [2] was established by the cd exciton chirality method.
Comparisons of 3-Dimensional Conformal and Intensity-Modulated Neutron Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers (2021)

The IMNT significantly decreases the OAR doses compared with 3DCNT and provides comparable tumor coverage. Improvements in the therapeutic ratio with IMNT are especially significant for dose-limiting OARs near tumor targets. Moreover, IMNT provides superior sparing of healthy tissues and creates significant new opportunities to improve the care of patients with H&N cancers treated with neutron therapy.
Profiling glycoprotein N‐linked oligosaccharide by capillary electrophoresis (1998)

A method for analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides derived from glycoproteins including sialic acid-containing species is presented. It is based on the combination of specific chemical and enzymatic conversions coupled with capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Glycoproteins were heat-denatured in the presence of a reducing agent and the N-linked oligosaccharides were released by peptide N-glycosidase (PNGase F; EC3.5.1.52)-catalyzed hydrolysis. The released N-linked oligosaccharides were derivatized with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS) under mild reductive amination conditions in which desialylation and loss of fucose residues are minimized. A model N-linked oligosaccharide, desialylated, galactosylated biantennary, core-substituted with fucose (A2F) was tested for APTS-based derivatization chemistry with excellent recovery of the adduct without losing fucose and neuraminic acid residues. The profiles of heavily sialylated N-linked oligosaccharides derived from fetuin, recombinant human erythropoietin and kallikrein are reported and the data show that the present method produces a high resolution of the N-linked oligosaccharide profile for fingerprinting glycans derived from glycoproteins.
A Closed Loop Discovery Robot Driven by a Curiosity Algorithm Discovers Proto-Cells That Show Complex and Emergent Behaviours (2018)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;We describe a chemical robotic discovery assistant equipped with a curiosity algorithm (CA) that can efficiently explore a complex chemical system in search of complex emergent phenomena exhibited by proto-cell droplets. The CA-robot is designed to explore proto-cell formulations in an open-ended way with no explicit discovery or optimization target. By applying the CA-robot to the study of multicomponent oil-in-water proto-cell droplets, we discovered an order of magnitude more instances of interesting behaviours than possible with a random parameter search. Among them, a formulation displaying a sudden and highly specific response to temperature was discovered. Six modes of proto-cell droplet motion were identified and classified using a time-temperature phase diagram and probed using a variety of techniques including NMR, which allowed the design of a payload release system triggered by temperature. This work shows how objective free search can lead to the discovery of useful and unexpected properties, with real-world applications in formulation chemistry.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
An Immunosensor Based on Antibody Binding Fragments Attached to Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of Peptides Derived from Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin H5 (2014)

This paper concerns the development of an immunosensor for detection of peptides derived from avian influenza hemagglutinin H5. Its preparation consists of successive gold electrode modification steps: (i) modification with 1,6-hexanedithiol and gold colloidal nanoparticles; (ii) immobilization of antibody-binding fragments (Fab') of anti-hemagglutinin H5 monoclonal antibodies Mab 6-9-1 via S-Au covalent bonds; and (iii) covering the remaining free space on the electrode surfaces with bovine serum albumin. The interactions between Fab' fragments and hemagglutinin (HA) variants have been explored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) as an electroactive marker. The immunosensor was able to recognize three different His-tagged variants of recombinant hemagglutinin from H5N1 viruses: H1 subunit (17-340 residues) of A/swan/Poland/305-135V08/2006, the long HA (17-530 residues) A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/12/2005 and H1 subunit (1-345 residues) of A/Vietnam/1194/2004. The strongest response has been observed for the long variant with detection limit of 2.2 pg/mL and dynamic range from 4.0 to 20.0 pg/mL.
Oxidation - reduction of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by the butyryl-CoA / crotonyl-CoA couple. A new investigation of the rapid reaction kinetics (1987)

Oxidation - reduction of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by the butyryl-CoA / crotonyl-CoA couple. A new investigation of the rapid reaction kinetics was published in Flavins and Flavoproteins 1987 on page 177.
Liposome Preparation for the Analysis of Lipid‐Receptor Interaction and Efferocytosis (2018)

Efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is essential for immune homeostasis. Phospholipids exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, such as phosphatidylserine, supply important "eat-me" signals. Liposomes are lipid bilayer vesicles that can be generated from one or several types of phospholipids of interest. Thus, these vesicles offer versatility, flexibility, and, importantly, a three-dimensional structure for studying the interaction between lipids and their receptors as well as the lipid-receptor interaction-mediated signaling events controlling efferocytosis by cells like professional phagocytes. Here, we describe methods to prepare liposomes, perform liposome-based lipid-receptor binding assays, use liposomes to block efferocytosis, and utilize liposome-coated beads as apoptotic cell surrogates for phagocytosis. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.