gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the anti-icing behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces (2014)

Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) are promising nature-inspired materials in low-temperature-condition applications to resist frost, ice, snow and water drop freezing. However, other observations bring into question the advantage of using SHS. In particular, the water supercooling phenomenon and the lack of characterization methods make it difficult to understand icing phenomena on SHS. Here, the authors bring about clarity by measuring water kinetic freezing points on surfaces of various wettabilites through differential scanning calorimetry technique. It is shown that under relatively dry environment, the freezing delay on cold surfaces is attributed to the water-freezing-point depression, which is determined by the combined effect of surface chemistry and roughness. In addition, drop-freezing tests using a thermoelectric cooler under humid atmosphere showed that the freezing delay is dependent on the frosting, as well. Frost crystals growing on the cold surface will act as nucleus initiating drop freezing. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism responsible for the drop-freezing delay on SHS. This article contains supporting information that is available online.
Writing the Next Chapter for the Molecular Therapy Family of Journals (2016)

As announced at the Annual Meeting last May, beginning in January 2017 the Molecular Therapy (MT) family of journals will be published by the Society's new publishing partner, Cell Press. As many of you may have noticed, management of the manuscript submission and tracking systems has already been transferred from our current publishing partner, Springer Nature, and we have begun transferring accepted MT manuscripts to the Cell Press publication systems. Publication of the MT sibling journals will move to Cell Press in early November.
Lack of aggregation of ischemic stroke subtypes within affected sibling pairs (2007)

The subtype of ischemic stroke in a proband was a poor determinant of the subtype of ischemic stroke in the respective sibling. This suggests that many genetic risk factors for ischemic stroke may not be specific for one subtype.
Construction of Otherwise Isogenic Serotype 6B, 7F, 14, and 19F Capsular Variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strain TIGR4 (2003)

The polysaccharide capsule is the primary virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae. There are at least 90 serotypes of S. pneumoniae, identified based on the immunogenicity of different capsular sugars. The aim of this study was to construct pneumococcal strains that are isogenic except for capsular type. Serotype 4 strain TIGR4 was rendered unencapsulated by recombinational replacement of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) locus with the bicistronic Janus cassette (C. K. Sung, J. P. Claverys, and D. A. Morrison, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:5190-5196, 2001). In subsequent transformation with chromosomal DNA, the cassette was replaced by the cps locus derived from a strain of a different serotype, either 6B, 7F, 14, or 19F. To minimize the risk of uncontrolled recombinational replacements in loci other than cps, the TIGRcps::Janus strain was "backcross" transformed three times with chromosomal DNA of subsequently constructed capsular type transformants. Capsular serotypes were confirmed in all new capsule variants by the Quellung reaction. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the cps locus confirmed the integrity of the cps region transformed into the TIGR strain, and RFLP of the flanking regions confirmed their identities with the corresponding regions of the recipient. Transformants had in vitro growth rates greater than or equal to that of TIGR4. All four strains were able to colonize C57BL/6 mice (female, 6 weeks old) for at least 7 days when mice were intranasally inoculated with 6 x 10(6) to 8 x 10(6) CFU. The constructed capsular variants of TIGR4 are suitable for use in studies on the role of S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide in immunity, colonization, and pathogenesis.
Abstract WP7: A Projection of Endovascular Therapy Eligibility in the United States: A Population-based Analysis (2016)

Introduction: After five randomized trials in 2015 demonstrating benefit, endovascular therapy (EVT) is the new standard of care for selected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Stroke systems must rapidly adapt to provide this time-sensitive therapy to eligible patients. Objective: To estimate the number of EVT-eligible AIS patients in the US annually using Class I and IIa eligibility criteria from the 6/2015 AHA/ASA guideline update. Methods: We ascertained all hospitalized AIS patients ≥18 years old in 2010 using ICD-9 codes 430-436 within the 1.3 million Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky (GCNK) population. Two groups were selected: (1) IV rtPA (IVT)-eligible: arrival ≤3.5 hours from onset and no standard contraindications, and (2) IVT-ineligible but potentially EVT-eligible: arrival ≤5 hours from onset, NIHSS ≥6, platelets ≥50k, and INR ≤3.0. For each group, we estimated the rate of large-vessel occlusion (LVO) by baseline NIHSS using a 2,152-patient prospective database at University of Bern. Other criteria included prestroke mRS 0-1 and ASPECTS ≥6 (estimated 75% prevalence). We also considered expanded eligibility of mRS 0-3 and ASPECTS ≥5 (estimated 85% prevalence). Regional rates were age/race/sex-adjusted to 2010 US census data. Results: Regional eligibility for IVT and EVT among 2297 AIS patients is shown in the Figure. Projecting to the US, 30,607 patients would be IVT-eligible, and 5582 patients would be EVT-eligible annually. Expanded EVT eligibility would lead to 18,094 EVT-eligible patients nationally. Conclusion: Within the GCNK population, 1.0% of AIS patients (including 11.3% of IVT-eligible patients) are EVT-eligible based on Class I and IIa AHA/ASA recommendations. We project 5582 EVT-eligible patients in the US annually, and up to 18,094 using expanded eligibility. Estimates are limited by the use of cohort-based LVO and ASPECTS rates, and the projection of urban GCNK region arrival time patterns to the broader US population.
Efficacy of Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Retention of Heavy Metal Ions (2020)

This study evaluated the efficacy of enzyme induced calcite precipitation (EICP) in restricting the mobility of heavy metals in soils. EICP is an environmentally friendly method that has wide ranging applications in the sustainable development of civil infrastructure. The study examined the desorption of three heavy metals from treated and untreated soils using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (C6H8O7) extractants under harsh conditions. Two natural soils spiked with cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were studied in this research. The soils were treated with three types of enzyme solutions (ESs) to achieve EICP. A combination of urea of one molarity (M), 0.67 M calcium chloride, and urease enzyme (3 g/L) was mixed in deionized (DI) water to prepare enzyme solution 1 (ES1); non-fat milk powder (4 g/L) was added to ES1 to prepare enzyme solution 2 (ES2); and 0.37 M urea, 0.25 M calcium chloride, 0.85 g/L urease enzyme, and 4 g/L non-fat milk powder were mixed in DI water to prepare enzyme solution 3 (ES3). Ni, Cd, and Pb were added with load ratios of 50 and 100 mg/kg to both untreated and treated soils to study the effect of EICP on desorption rates of the heavy metals from soil. Desorption studies were performed after a curing period of 40 days. The curing period started after the soil samples were spiked with heavy metals. Soils treated with ESs were spiked with heavy metals after a curing period of 21 days and then further cured for 40 days. The amount of CaCO3 precipitated in the soil by the ESs was quantified using a gravimetric acid digestion test, which related the desorption of heavy metals to the amount of precipitated CaCO3. The order of desorption was as follows: Cd &gt; Ni &gt; Pb. It was observed that the average maximum removal efficiency of the untreated soil samples (irrespective of the load ratio and contaminants) was approximately 48% when extracted by EDTA and 46% when extracted by citric acid. The soil samples treated with ES2 exhibited average maximum removal efficiencies of 19% and 10% when extracted by EDTA and citric acid, respectively. It was observed that ES2 precipitated a maximum amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) when compared to ES1 and ES3 and retained the maximum amount of heavy metals in the soil by forming a CaCO3 shield on the heavy metals, thus decreasing their mobility. An approximate improvement of 30% in the retention of heavy metal ions was observed in soils treated with ESs when compared to untreated soil samples. Therefore, the study suggests that ESs can be an effective alternative in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metal ions.
Immune Responses to Retroviruses (2018)

Retroviruses are genome invaders that have shared a long history of coevolution with vertebrates and their immune system. Found endogenously in genomes as traces of past invasions, retroviruses are also considerable threats to human health when they exist as exogenous viruses such as HIV. The immune response to retroviruses is engaged by germline-encoded sensors of innate immunity that recognize viral components and damage induced by the infection. This response develops with the induction of antiviral effectors and launching of the clonal adaptive immune response, which can contribute to protective immunity. However, retroviruses efficiently evade the immune response, owing to their rapid evolution. The failure of specialized immune cells to respond, a form of neglect, may also contribute to inadequate antiretroviral immune responses. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which immune responses to retroviruses are mounted at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We also discuss how intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immunity may cooperate or conflict during the generation of immune responses.
Telmisartan Facilitates the Anticancer Effects of CARP-1 Functional Mimetic and Sorafenib in Rociletinib Resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2021)

Tel facilitates effective penetration of CFM 4.16 and sorafenib in rociletinib resistant H1975 models of NSCLC.
Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in obese NIDDM patients. (1994)

Four group of age- and sex-matched patients were studied: 1. nondiabetic subjects (n = 20) with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 Kg/m2 (lean control subjects); 2. obese non diabetic subjects (n = 22) with a BMI > 30 Kg/m2 (obese control subjects); 3. lean NIDDM subjects (n = 22); and 4. obese NIDDM subjects (n = 24). We determined: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, blood glucose, Apolipoproteins A1 and B, insulin, Lp(a), Factor VII, fibrinogen, plasminogen, t-PA(Ag) pre and post venous occlusion (VO) and PAI activity pre and post VO. In addition to metabolic abnormalities obese non diabetic subjects and lean and obese NIDDM patients displayed significantly higher levels of fibrinogen, Factor VII, plasminogen, PAI pre and post VO and tPA(Ag) pre VO and significantly lower levels of t-PA(Ag) post VO. Our findings demonstrate an impairment of the haemostatic and fibrinolytic mechanisms which may be a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular complications in obesity and in NIDDM.
Cost-driven selection of parity trees (2004)

We discuss the problem of parity tree selection for lossless compaction of the output responses of a circuit. Earlier methods assume off-chip storage of the correct compacted responses and therefore minimize the number of necessary parity trees. In contrast, our method targets on-chip generation of the correct compacted responses and therefore minimizes the actual implementation cost of the corresponding parity prediction functions. We present a systematic search approach that exploits the correlation between the hardware cost of a function and its entropy, in order to select parity trees that minimize the incurred cost, while achieving lossless compaction. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves significant hardware reduction over methods that minimize the number of parity trees.
Deficits in Predictive Coding Underlie Hallucinations in Schizophrenia (2014)

The neural mechanisms that produce hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms remain unclear. Previous research suggests that deficits in predictive signals for learning, such as prediction error signals, may underlie psychotic symptoms, but the mechanism by which such deficits produce psychotic symptoms remains to be established. We used model-based fMRI to study sensory prediction errors in human patients with schizophrenia who report daily auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and sociodemographically matched healthy control subjects. We manipulated participants' expectations for hearing speech at different periods within a speech decision-making task. Patients activated a voice-sensitive region of the auditory cortex while they experienced AVHs in the scanner and displayed a concomitant deficit in prediction error signals in a similar portion of auditory cortex. This prediction error deficit correlated strongly with increased activity during silence and with reduced volumes of the auditory cortex, two established neural phenotypes of AVHs. Furthermore, patients with more severe AVHs had more deficient prediction error signals and greater activity during silence within the region of auditory cortex where groups differed, regardless of the severity of psychotic symptoms other than AVHs. Our findings suggest that deficient predictive coding accounts for the resting hyperactivity in sensory cortex that leads to hallucinations.
Direction of arrival estimation for uniform circular array based on fourth-order cumulants in the presence of unknown mutual coupling (2008)

A direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm in the presence of an unknown mutual coupling is presented for a uniform circular array. This algorithm is based on the fourth-order cumulants, and the DOA of signal sources can be accurately estimated without the need of any calibration source since the coupling is blindly compensated by the inherent mechanism of the proposed method. Because of the use of higher-order statistics, the number of sources that can be coped with may be larger than the number of sensors in the array, and the algorithm is insensitive to Gaussian noise. Comparing with existing calibration methods which use iterative approaches, this algorithm is computationally less expensive since it uses only a one-dimensional search. Validation and performance are illustrated by simulations.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 treatment extends longevity in a mouse model of human premature aging by restoring somatotroph axis function (2010)

Zmpste24 (also called FACE-1) is a metalloproteinase involved in the maturation of lamin A, an essential component of the nuclear envelope. Zmpste24-deficient mice exhibit multiple defects that phenocopy human accelerated aging processes such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. In this work, we report that progeroid Zmpste24(-/-) mice present profound transcriptional alterations in genes that regulate the somatotroph axis, together with extremely high circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) and a drastic reduction in plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We also show that recombinant IGF-1 treatment restores the proper balance between IGF-1 and GH in Zmpste24(-/-) mice, delays the onset of many progeroid features, and significantly extends the lifespan of these progeroid animals. Our findings highlight the importance of IGF/GH balance in longevity and may be of therapeutic interest for devastating human progeroid syndromes associated with nuclear envelope abnormalities.
Influence on Annealing Treatments on Twins in Magnesium Alloy AZ31 (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker trajectories along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in the BIOMARKAPD study (2019)

All four CSF biomarkers increase with age, but this effect deviates in AD for t-tau and p-tau.
Study on the electrostatic and piezoelectric properties of positive polypropylene electret cyclosporine A patch (2013)

Corona charged electrets at voltages of +500 V, +1000 V and +1500 V were prepared for manufacturing polypropylene (PP) electret blank patches and PP electret drug patches. The stability of external electrostatic field of the electret patch and the polarization of the drug in patch under the internal electrostatic field of the electret were studied. The results indicate that all the electret drug patches had good charge storage stabilities. However, the non-electrode coated electret drug patch had better stability in the external electrostatic field than that of the electrode coated electret drug patch. The higher the charging voltage of the electret, the faster the surface potential of the electret drug patch decayed, and the worse the stability of the external electrostatic field. All the electrets used in this study could result in the polarization of the model drug in patch. The piezoelectric properties of non-electrode coated electret drug patch increased with the charging voltage of the electret. However, excessively higher charging voltage could result in the decreased polarization of the drug in patch. Both the stability of the external electrostatic field of electret and the polarization of drug were the key factors for controlled drug release and skin permeation.
Predicting Outcomes Following Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Using Machine Learning (2023)

Our newer ML models accurately predict 30-day outcomes following EVAR using preoperative data and perform better than logistic regression. Our automated algorithms can guide risk mitigation strategies for patients being considered for EVAR.
Influence of nanoparticles of platinum on chicken embryo development and brain morphology (2013)

Platinum nanoparticles (NP-Pt) are noble metal nanoparticles with unique physiochemical properties that have recently elicited much interest in medical research. However, we still know little about their toxicity and influence on general health. We investigated effects of NP-Pt on the growth and development of the chicken embryo model with emphasis on brain tissue micro- and ultrastructure. The embryos were administered solutions of NP-Pt injected in ovo at concentrations from 1 to 20 μg/ml. The results demonstrate that NP-Pt did not affect the growth and development of the embryos; however, they induced apoptosis and decreased the number of proliferating cells in the brain tissue. These preliminary results indicate that properties of NP-Pt might be utilized in brain cancer therapy, but potential toxic side effects must be elucidated in extensive follow-up research.
Application of multiresolution analyses to electron density maps: A critical point analysis approach for the comparison of molecules (2000)

A procedure is proposed for the comparison of molecules. It is based on graph representations of electron density maps smoothed using three different methods: simulation of an X-ray diffraction experiment, wavelet-based multiresolution analysis, and analytical smoothing. Graph representations are obtained using a critical point analysis method. Multiple comparisons between the critical point graphs are then carried out using a simulated annealing technique. Results are compared with literature data.
Isovaleric acidemia diagnosed promptly by tandem mass spectrometry: report of one case. (2005)

Isovaleric acidemia (IVA), a recessive autosomal disorder, is caused by isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Isovaleric acidemia may present with symptoms during the acute stage of severe metabolic acidosis, ketosis, vomiting and altered mental status. This report concerns a 2-month-old female infant diagnosed as isovaleric acidemia by tandem mass spectrometry. She presented with two episodes of vomiting, poor activity and pancytopenia without obvious metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia. She received combined therapy of L-carnitine, glycine and low protein and leucine diet. Hemogram and serum isovalerylcarnitine (IVC) were measured during the treatment. The depressed leukocyte and platelets recovered when serum isovalerylcarnitine level increased.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: classification and treatment options (2006)

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon and probably underdiagnosed disorder that often results in appreciable disability. Its importance lies in its generally good response to treatment. Although it is often contextualised by neurologists as “a chronic form of Guillain-Barré syndrome” (GBS), this oversimplifies the relationship between the two disorders: there is more to the distinction than one taking longer than the other to present and develop. Because CIDP is treatable, and because treatment is complex, largely non-evidence based, and potentially toxic, it is an important disorder to understand. The clinical spectrum is broad, but clinical subclassification is worthwhile, because it informs treatment decisions—certain subtypes respond better to certain treatment options, and some subtypes don’t respond well, if at all. We will discuss the clinical presentation and suggest a simple and practical classification system as a step towards rationalising the many different immunomodulatory strategies available. When should the clinician consider CIDP? There are three main scenarios:
Comparative Economic Efficiency of Four Peach Production Systems in California (1999)

A clingstone peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch `Ross' on `Nemaguard' rootstock) orchard was established at the Univ. of California Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, for evaluating the economic efficiency of three high-density planting systems in comparison with the conventional Open Vase system. The orchard contained four replicate plots (0.80 ha/plot), each containing four different planting systems. The four planting/training systems (in-row spacing given first) were: the “KAC-V” (a perpendicular V system spaced 2.0 × 5.5 m, 919 trees/ha); the “HiD KAC V” (spaced 1.8 × 4.6 m, 1196 trees/ha); the “Cordon” (spaced 2.4 × 4.0 m, with perpendicular harvest drives 4.8 m every 22 m and tree height limited to 2.5 m, 919 trees/ha); and the “Open Vase” (spaced 6.1 × 5.5 m, 299 trees/ha). All system-specific costs and crop yields were recorded annually on each subplot for the first 5 years. Although the Cordon system had the highest yields in the second year, the V systems had the highest returns after 5 years. Cumulative costs were: HiD KAC-V system &gt; KAC-V ≥ Cordon &gt; Open Vase. The system that was designed to maintain tree height &lt;2.5 m (Cordon) tended to be less profitable than the V systems because of modest crop yields and high pruning costs that were not offset by increased harvest efficiency. In the last 3 years of the study, pruning, thinning, and harvesting accounted for the majority of the system-specific costs.