gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The prognostic effect of amplification of the MYCN oncogene in neuroblastoma. The preliminary results of the Italian Cooperative Group for Neuroblastoma (GCINB)]. (1994)

Of 567 children with neuroblastoma diagnosed between November 1984 and May 1993 in 21 Italian institutions, 235 (41%) have been evaluated for MYCN oncogene amplification. The amplification (3 or more copies of the gene) was found in 39 patients (17%) and was more frequent in patients aged more than one year, abdominal primary site of the tumor, advanced stages, normal urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and high level of LDH, NSE and ferritin. The five-year survival of the 235 patients (62%) was significantly better in patients with normal copy number of MYCN (69% versus 29%). By correlating genomic amplification with clinical and biochemical characteristics, MYCN amplification was found associated with a worse prognosis even when patients were subdivided for age (under and above one year), disease extension (localized operable, localized but inoperable, and disseminated) with exception for Stage IV-S, VMA and homovanillic acid excretion, serum levels of NSE and ferritin, but not of LDH. These data confirm the unfavourable prognostic meaning of MYCN amplification, but are unable to define if it represents a new independent variable.
Phase II Study of Axitinib in Sorafenib-Refractory Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2009)

Axitinib has antitumor activity in patients with mRCC refractory to prior VEGF-targeted therapy, including sorafenib. Toxicities were mild to moderate and were manageable. A randomized, phase III trial to compare axitinib with sorafenib in patients who have mRCC refractory to one prior first-line therapy regimen is underway.
The Effect of Filtration on Residual Levels of Coagulation Factors in Plasma (2012)

Leukoreduced blood components are commonly manufactured via filtration. There are specifications for the residual leukocyte content of any final cellular blood component but not for residual clotting factors. Leukoreduced and nonleukoreduced platelet-poor plasma products were manufactured from filtered vs unfiltered platelet-rich plasma, respectively, using platelet leukoreduction filters. The leukoreduced plasma showed lower levels of factor VIII (75% ± 16% vs 88% ± 18%, P ≤ .05), factor XI (86% ± 9% vs 96% ± 10%, P ≤ .01) and factor VII (87% ± 14% vs 98% ± 11%, P ≤ .01). No difference was seen with factor X, factor V, or fibrinogen. Plasma filtered through a whole blood filter showed a reduction in factor V (105% ± 12% vs 124% ± 10%, P ≤ .01) but a minimal reduction in factor VIII (80% ± 5% vs 82% ± 6%, P = .04). Filtration can alter the residual levels of clotting factors to a variable extent in manufactured plasma, most noticeably factors V, VII, VIII, and XI.
Seasonal variation in sperm characteristics of boars in southern Uruguay (2015)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of season, natural photoperiod, and room temperature at the housing facility on boar semen characteristics in Uruguay (34º66'S; 56º29'W). For this purpose, 117 ejaculates, obtained from eight adult males collected through 12 consecutive months, were assessed for sperm viability, DNA integrity, abnormalities (total, primary, and secondary), ejaculate volume, and sperm concentration. Viability, total and primary abnormalities, volume, and sperm concentration were affected by season. Sperm viability, volume, and sperm concentration were affected by natural photoperiod. In general, autumn and the decreasing photoperiod had a negative impact on most of the semen characteristics, except for volume. Housing temperature did not affect semen characteristics. In boars living in temperate climates, semen quality is negatively affected during autumn and is related to photoperiod changes; however, the effects of temperature changes in housingdo not affect these seminal characteristics. In this scenario, seasonal differences in semen quality may have a negative effect on sow fertilization. Consequently, semen quality control especially during autumn is imperative for the best boar selection to be used for insemination purposes. Seasonal differences in semen quality may have a negative effect on sow reproductive performance. This issue will be addressed in a future investigation.
Memory or Time: Performance Evaluation for Iterative Operation on Hadoop and Spark (2013)

Hadoop is a very popular general purpose framework for many different classes of data-intensive applications. However, it is not good for iterative operations because of the cost paid for the data reloading from disk at each iteration. As an emerging framework, Spark, which is designed to have a global cache mechanism, can achieve better performance in response time since the in-memory access over the distributed machines of cluster will proceed during the entire iterative process. Although the performance on time has been evaluated for Spark over Hadoop, the memory consumption, another system performance criteria, is not deeply analyzed in the literature. In this work, we conducted extensive experiments for iterative operations to compare the performance in both time and memory cost between Hadoop and Spark. We found that although Spark is in general faster than Hadoop in iterative operations, it has to pay for more memory consumption. Also, its speed advantage is weakened at the moment when the memory is not sufficient enough to store newly created intermediate results.
Robust InP/InGaAsP Polarization Rotator Based on Mode Evolution (2022)

InP-based polarization manipulating devices are attracting continuous interest to realize compact polarization multiplexed transceivers with monolithically integrated active components. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel type of monolithic InP polarization rotator (PR) based on a tapered half-ridge structure. Owing to the principle of mode-evolution-based adiabatic rotation of the polarization axis along propagation, the demonstrated device inherently exhibits excellent robustness against fabrication errors. Error-tolerant conversion with an efficiency over 97&#x0025; is obtained experimentally across the entire <i>C</i>-band. With the simple self-aligned process and a thick InP upper cladding, the demonstrated device would be suitable for low-loss integration with other InP-based active waveguide components, such as lasers, amplifiers, and modulators.
Engineering a pure and stable heterodimeric IgA for the development of multispecific therapeutics (2022)

CE-SDS: capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate; DSC: differential scanning calorimetry; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FSA: full-sized antibody; Her2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; OAA: one-armed antibody; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDB: Protein Data Bank; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; prepSEC (preparative SEC); RMSD: root-mean-square deviation; RU: resonance units; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; TAA: tumor-associated antigen; WT: wild-type.
A heterogeneously segmented cache architecture for a packet forwarding engine (2005)

As network traffic continues to increase and with the requirement to process packets at line rates, high performance routers need to forward millions of packets every second. Even with an efficient lookup algorithm like the LC-trie, each packet needs upto 5 memory accesses. Earlier work shows that a single cache for the nodes of an LC-trie can reduce the number of external memory accesses.We observe that the locality characteristics of the level-one nodes of an LC-trie are significantly different from those of lower-level nodes. Hence, we propose a heterogeneously segmented cache architecture (HSCA) which uses separate caches for level-one and lower-level nodes each with carefully chosen sizes. We further improve the hit rate of the level-one nodes cache by introducing a weight-based replacement policy and an intelligent index bit selection scheme. To evaluate our cache scheme with realistic traces, we propose a synthetic trace generation method which emulates real traces and can generate traces with varying locality characteristics. The base HSCA scheme gives us upto 16% reduction in misses over the unified scheme. The optimizations further enhance this improvement to upto 25% for core router traces.
Concerning the internal rotational barrier and the experimental and theoretical nJ(13C,13C) and nJ (1H,13C) in ethylbenzene-β-13C (1994)

The 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of ethylbenzene-β- 13 C in CS 2 /C 6 D 12 and acetone-d 6 solutions yield long-range 1 H, 1 H and 1 H, 13 C coupling constants. The 13 C { 1 H} NMR spectra yield 13 C, 13 C couplings. The conformational dependence of some of these coupling constants is compatible with two values of the barrier to internal rotation about the exocyclic Csp 2 —Csp 3 bond. If the fourfold component of the internal rotational potential is not larger than about 20% of the twofold component and the perpendicular conformer is most stable, then the barrier height is probably less than 6 kJ/mol. However, if the stable conformer has a torsion angle of 60° for the exocyclic C—C bond, then the coupling constants are consistent with a twofold barrier of about 23 kJ/mol. Experimental values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where ψ and θ are the torsion angles for the exocyclic C—C and C—H bonds, respectively, are compared to those obtained from INDO MO FPT computations of the angular dependence of n J(H,C), and n J(H,H), n J(C,C) for n ≥ 3. For example, the computations very likely give the correct qualitative ψ dependence of 5 J(C,C), yet overestimate its extremum by about a factor of two, either because of an overestimate of the σ–π exchange integrals or because of too large a valence orbital density at the carbon nucleus. Other n J values are discussed in a similar manner and, because optimized geometries are used in the computations, a somewhat more reliable treatment arises for some coupling constants; an example is 3 J(C,C) at small torsion angles.
Presence of villin, a tissue-specific cytoskeletal protein, in sera of patients and an initial clinical evaluation of its value for the diagnosis and follow-up of colorectal cancers. (1990)

Villin is an actin-binding protein found in a few normal adult epithelia, namely epithelial cells in the digestive and urogenital tracts. Moreover, villin production is maintained in malignant cells. We assumed that cell lysis and necrosis of solid tumors producing villin might result in villin release into blood. We analyzed the villin content of sera from 788 patients and controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients and controls were classified into healthy donors, patients with benign diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, patients with colorectal cancers, and patients with malignant nondigestive diseases. In the panel of sera analyzed, the sensitivity of the assay for colorectal cancers was 50.5%, and its overall specificity for malignant digestive tumors was 94.5%. Results were statistically analyzed comparing each group of sera with each other. We conclude that the presence of villin is indicative of a pathological state in the gastrointestinal tract (P less than 0.001). Finally, we followed villin levels after tumor resections (60 patients). We found that the villin level in sera remains low in remissions but is raised in recurrences. We suggest that the villin assay may have clinical utility as a diagnostic adjunct for adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. It may also have some value in monitoring patients with advancing colorectal carcinomas after resection of these tumors.
Toxicological quandary of the use of bis (2-diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a plasticizer for blood bags. (1988)

Plastic bags are very useful containers for the storage of blood and blood products since they are relatively transparent, hard to break, can be sealed aseptically with a radio-frequency current, and can be centrifuged for the isolation of blood components. In order to make the plastic more flexible, various agents are added, of which the most common is di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). This plasticizer has been found to leach from the plastic into the blood components during the storage period. Some animal studies have shown that this chemical can produce cancers and various tissue abnormalities. The human data from multi-transfused patients do not clearly indicate any specific damage: however, because of the animal studies, work has been carried out to find a non-leachable plasticizer. Several have been found: unfortunately, when survival studies are done, the red cell life span of the stored blood is decreased. Current work seems to indicate that DEHP has a membrane stabilizing function that prolongs the storage time of the red cell. Therefore, there currently is a trade off between plasticizer presence and red cell life span that must be considered when designing new blood storage bags.
Exposure-resilience for free: the hierarchical ID-based encryption case (2003)

In the problem of gradual key exposure, the secret key is assumed to be slowly compromised over time, so that more and more information about a secret key is eventually leaked. This models the general situation in the real world where memory, storage systems and devices cannot perfectly hide all information for long time. In this setting, in order to protect against exposure threats, the secret key is represented in an "exposure- resilient" form, which is periodically refreshed with the following guarantee: as long as the adversary does not learn "too much" information about the current representation of the secret between successive refreshes, the system should remain secure. To measure the efficiency of a given solution, one considers the "natural" secret key representation A, the "exposure- resilient" representation B, and examines the following three measures: (1) space loss which is the extra space required by B over A; (2) time loss which is the operation slowdown when B is used in place of A: and (3) exposure-resilience which is the fraction of B which can be "safely leaked". All the current solutions to the problem - including proactive secret sharing, all-or-nothing transforms and exposure-resilient functions - always suffered from non-trivial losses in both space and time in order to achieve varying levels of exposure-resilience. It was, therefore, informally believed that these losses are inevitable in even, reasonable application, since a "natural" representation A is unlikely to offer any exposure-resilience. We show this belief is false for the elegant "hierarchical identity-based encryption" (HIBE) of Gentry and Silverberg (2002), which is the only known fully junctional HIBE up to date. Specifically, we show that the natural secret key representation for the HIBE admits a simple and efficient refresh operation, which offers very high level of exposure-resilience, while incurring absolutely no space or time losses for decryption. We argue that this simple fact is quite powerful from a key storage security perspective, is highly applicable for such tasks as threshold decryption, and that it further makes HIBE a much more attractive alternative in various real life scenarios. On a philosophical level, while previous techniques protected against gradual key exposure in a generic way, oblivious to the application, we show that in certain situations one might achieve much better parameters by concentrating on the application at hand.
Analyzing Current Interference Situations of Connected Devices Using\n Context-Information and the Centralized Broker-Approach (2020)

The digitalization of manufacturing processes is leading to a highly\nincreased amount of connected devices. In the course of this development a\nprocess was developed and implemented, which optimizes IEEE 802.11-systems\nrelating to the interference situation by using context-information. This was\nrealized by division into two fields. First of all, data providers calculate\ntheir own interference situation to determine the optimal frequency out of the\nascertained data. In this case optimal means that the chosen channel should\nhave the lowest interference power. In a second step these providers also\ncalculating the interference information about all Service Set Identifier\n(SSID) in range. The measured data is then divided into the allowed radio\nchannel. Afterwards the gathered information will be transferred to a central\nspace. An already existing infrastructure is used as a initial point for the\nfurther process. As soon as the provider has transferred new data, a broker can\ninform connected users that there is an update in the inference situation. With\nthis developed architecture an approach to face the hidden node problem is\ngiven. Additional a system for safety-critical information is implemented.\n
Broadband unidirectional ultrasound propagation using sonic crystal and nonlinear medium (2013)

The development of a passive, sonic crystal-based device with unusual properties is reported in this study. This device combines a 1D sonic crystal, a nonlinear medium and an acoustic low-pass filter to allow unidirectional broadband ultrasound propagation as a collimated beam for specialized underwater communication. The signal (220–400 kHz) to be transmitted is first amplitude modulated with a high-frequency ultrasonic carrier wave (2·7–3·25 MHz) and applied to one side of the device. The device then demodulates this signal, and consequently, the original low-frequency signal appears as a collimated beam on the other side. The sonic crystal provides a band-pass acoustic filter through which the high-frequency ultrasonic signal can pass through, and the nonlinear medium then demodulates the signal and also generates the low-frequency sound beam through the parametric array concept. The low-pass filter strips off any remaining high-frequency components and also contributes to the unidirectional property of the device. Design details of the device and experimental data are presented.
Stroke-CT: CTA oder Perfusions-CT? Was sollte zuerst akquiriert werden? (2009)

Ziele: Klassische Stroke-CT-Protokolle bestehen aus einem nativen Schädel-CT, gefolgt von einem Perfusions-CT (PCT) und schließlich einer CT-Angiographie (CTA). Um eine gute Bildqualität ohne größere venöse Überlagerungen für die CTA zu erreichen muss eine Pause von mehreren Minuten zwischen der PCT und der CTA eingehalten werden. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es heraus zu finden wie groß der Einfluss auf die quantitativen Werte der Hirnperfusion zum einen und auf die venöse Kontrastierung in der CTA zum anderen ist, wenn die Reihenfolge von PCT und CTA umgedreht werden. Methode: Insgesamt wurden 86 Stroke-CT Datensätze in die Studie eingeschlossen, 47 Patienten bei denen die CTA vor der PCT durchgeführt wurde und 39 mit PCT vor CTA. Bei allen Patienten wurden Parameterkarten des cerebralen Blutflusses, des Blutvolumens, der mittleren Transitzeit und der „Time to peak“ erstellt und die Kontrastierung des Hirnparenchyms (nicht betroffenen Hemisphäre) sowie im Sinus sagittalis superior (SSS) bestimmt. Ergebnis: Weder für die Perfusionsparameter noch für die Kontrastierung des Hirnparenchyms ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede (alle p&gt;0,18) zwischen den zwei Gruppen. Der Mittelwert der Kontrastierung im SSS zum Beginn der Perfusions-CT unterschied sich jedoch signifikant zwischen den zwei Gruppen (PCT zuerst: 48,8 HE; CTA zuerst: 124,4 HE; p&lt;0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Im Rahmen einer CTA vorausgehende Kontrastmittelapplikationen haben keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die PCT. Wird jedoch die PCT zuerst durchgeführt resultiert das in einer signifikanten Vorkontrastierung der venösen Blutleiter in der CTA und kann die Bildqualität der supraaortalen Gefäße möglicherweise negativ beeinflussen. Die Umkehr der „klassischen“ Akquisitionsreihenfolge von PCT vor CTA bei Schlaganfallspatienten verhindert die Kontrastmittel induzierte venöse Überlagerung in der CTA, dadurch kann ggf. auf Pausen zwischen den zwei Kontrastmittelinjektionen verzichtet werden und somit die gesamte Untersuchung in kürzerer Zeit durchgeführt werden.
Dislocation sink annihilating threading dislocations in strain-relaxed Si 1− x Ge x layer (2019)

We proposed a dislocation sink technology for achieving Si<sub>1-x</sub> Ge <sub>x</sub> multi-bridge-channel field-effect-transistor beyond 5 nm transistor design-rule that essentially needs an almost crystalline-defect-free Si<sub>1-x</sub> Ge <sub>x</sub> channel. A generation of a dislocation sink via H<sup>+</sup> implantations in a strain-relaxed Si<sub>0.7</sub>Ge<sub>0.3</sub> layer grown on a Si substrate and a following annealing almost annihilate completely misfit and threading dislocations located near the interface between a relaxed Si<sub>0.7</sub>Ge<sub>0.3</sub> layer and a Si substrate. A real-time (continuous heating from room temperature to 600 °C) in situ high-resolution-transmission-electron-microscopy and inverse-fast-Fourier-transform image observation at 1.25 MV acceleration voltage obviously demonstrated the annihilation process between dislocation sinks and remaining misfit and threading dislocations during a thermal annealing, called the [Si<sub>I</sub> or Ge<sub>I</sub> + V <sub>Si</sub> or V <sub>Ge</sub> → Si<sub>1-x</sub> Ge <sub>x</sub> ] annihilation process, where Si<sub>I</sub>, Ge<sub>I</sub>, V <sub>Si</sub>, and V <sub>Ge</sub> are interstitial Si, interstitial Ge, Si vacancy, and Ge vacancy, respectively. In particular, the annihilation process efficiency greatly depended on the dose of H<sup>+</sup> implantation and annealing temperature; i.e. a maximum annihilation process efficiency achieved at 5 × 10<sup>15</sup> atoms cm<sup>-2</sup> and 800 °C.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of painted human interphase chromosomes: active and inactive X chromosome territories have similar volumes but differ in shape and surface structure. (1996)

This study provides a three-dimensional (3D) analysis of differences between the 3D morphology of active and inactive human X interphase chromosomes (Xa and Xi territories). Chromosome territories were painted in formaldehyde-fixed, three-dimensionally intact human diploid female amniotic fluid cell nuclei (46, XX) with X-specific whole chromosome compositive probes. The colocalization of a 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained Barr body with one of the two painted X territories allowed the unequivocal discrimination of the inactive X from its active counterpart. Light optical serial sections were obtained with a confocal laser scanning microscope. 3D-reconstructed Xa territories revealed a flatter shape and exhibited a larger and more irregular surface when compared to the apparently smoother surface and rounder shape of Xi territories. The relationship between territory surface and volume was quantified by the determination of a dimensionless roundness factor (RF). RF and surface area measurements showed a highly significant difference between Xa and Xi territories (P < 0.001) in contrast to volume differences (P > 0.1). For comparison with an autosome of similar DNA content, chromosome 7 territories were additionally painted. The 3D morphology of the chromosome 7 territories was similar to the Xa territory but differed strongly from the Xi territory with respect to RF and surface area (P < 0.001).