gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood of patients with various types of bronchial asthma]. (1983)

By the aid of rosette techniques (Etotal-, early-, stable-, active-, avid-, mouse-erythrocyte-rosettes) different populations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood from 68 patients with Asthma bronchiale (20 exogen-allergic, 17 infect-induced, 16 mixed-type, 15 non-classifiable) were investigated. The total number of lymphocytes was reduced, exceptionally in cases of infect-induced Asthma bronchiale. The number of T-cells was reduced in the exogen-allergic, infect-induced type and especially in the mixed-type of Asthma bronchiale, whereas the number of B-cells did not differ from the normal values (30 healthy persons). Within the population of T-cells the number of so-called active rosettes was slightly diminished in exogen-allergic and significantly decreased in infect-induced and mixed-types. Relations between immunodeficiency and Asthma bronchiale are discussed.
Development of Intermetallic Compounds Reinforced Al Alloy Composites Using Reaction of Porous Nickel and Aluminum (2013)

A new process is proposed to fabricate an intermetallic compound reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composite using the reaction between porous nickel and molten aluminum. The intermetallic compound reinforced aluminum alloy composite was manufactured with the infiltration process method. Porous nickel reacted with molten aluminum at 1023 K, and the intermetallic compound of Al3Ni was generated on the surface of the porous nickel. The generated intermetallic compound Al3Ni, was delaminated according to the difference of thermal expiation coefficient with nickel, and moves in the direction of aluminum matrix. The effects of processing variables, such as processing temperature, applied pressure and specific surface area of porous nickel on the formation and dispersion behavior of Al3Ni were investigated.
Cylindrical Liquid Jet Grids for Beam-Port Protection of Thick-Liquid Heavy-Ion Fusion Target Chambers (2001)

Thick-liquid pockets have the potential to protect structural materials and increase power density in heavy-ion fusion chambers. Here we show that cylindrical liquid jets have interesting advantages for creating shielding grids for heavy-ion beam lines. A cylindrical nozzle design with a very low convergence ratio was developed, and the fabrication methods needed for inexpensive numerically-controlled machining of large nozzle arrays demonstrated. Cylindrical jets were studied because they give the highest surface smoothness for a given degree of turbulence suppression, allow flow control to individual nozzles for control of jet pointing, and attenuate target-induced shocks effectively. Improved control of the grid geometry allows the driver energy to be delivered by a larger number of beams. These smaller beams–up to 160 in the example here–improve focusing and reduce neutron collimation up beam lines.
Exaggerated head motions for game viewpoint control (2008)

In this paper, we present an evaluation of exaggerated headcoupled camera motions in a game-like 3D object movement. Three exaggeration levels were compared to determine if the exaggeration was more beneficial than a realistic 1:1 mapping.
Improving Machine Learning Identification of Unsafe Driver Behavior by Means of Sensor Fusion (2020)

Most road accidents occur due to human fatigue, inattention, or drowsiness. Recently, machine learning technology has been successfully applied to identifying driving styles and recognizing unsafe behaviors starting from in-vehicle sensors signals such as vehicle and engine speed, throttle position, and engine load. In this work, we investigated the fusion of different external sensors, such as a gyroscope and a magnetometer, with in-vehicle sensors, to increase machine learning identification of unsafe driver behavior. Starting from those signals, we computed a set of features capable to accurately describe the behavior of the driver. A support vector machine and an artificial neural network were then trained and tested using several features calculated over more than 200 km of travel. The ground truth used to evaluate classification performances was obtained by means of an objective methodology based on the relationship between speed, and lateral and longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle. The classification results showed an average accuracy of about 88% using the SVM classifier and of about 90% using the neural network demonstrating the potential capability of the proposed methodology to identify unsafe driver behaviors.
Lined edge detection (2003)

Based on the analysis of features of lined edge,it is pointed out that edge points divide two areas with different intensity,and are directional and continuous.Then an algorithem is given out to detect edge line having width of 1.Experimental results show that lines obtained from the algorithm fit the object edge better.
Acetylation modulates cellular distribution and DNA sensing ability of interferon-inducible protein IFI16 (2012)

Detection of pathogenic nucleic acids is essential for mammalian innate immunity. IFN-inducible protein IFI16 has emerged as a critical sensor for detecting pathogenic DNA, stimulating both type I IFN and proinflammatory responses. Despite being predominantly nuclear, IFI16 can unexpectedly sense pathogenic DNA in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, the mechanisms regulating its localization and sensing ability remain uncharacterized. Here, we propose a two-signal model for IFI16 sensing. We first identify an evolutionarily conserved multipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). Next, using FISH and immunopurification, we demonstrate that IFI16 detects HSV-1 DNA primarily in the nucleus, requiring a functional NLS. Furthermore, we establish a localization-dependent IFN-β induction mediated by IFI16 in response to HSV-1 infection or viral DNA transfection. To identify mechanisms regulating the secondary cytoplasmic localization, we explored IFI16 posttranslation modifications. Combinatorial MS analyses identified numerous acetylations and phosphorylations on endogenous IFI16 in lymphocytes, in which we demonstrate an IFI16-mediated IFN-β response. Importantly, the IFI16 NLS was acetylated in lymphocytes, as well as in macrophages. Mutagenesis and nuclear import assays showed that NLS acetylations promote cytoplasmic localization by inhibiting nuclear import. Additionally, broad-spectrum deacetylase inhibition triggered accumulation of cytoplasmic IFI16, and we identify the acetyltransferase p300 as a regulator of IFI16 localization. Collectively, these studies establish acetylation as a molecular toggle of IFI16 distribution, providing a simple and elegant mechanism by which this versatile sensor detects pathogenic DNA in a localization-dependent manner.
Lefty Proteins Exhibit Unique Processing and Activate the MAPK Pathway (2001)

Lefty polypeptides, novel members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, are involved in the formation of embryonic lateral patterning. Members of the TGF-beta superfamily require processing for their activation, suggesting cleavage to be an essential step for lefty activation. Transfection of different cell lines with lefty resulted in expression of a 42-kDa protein, which was proteolytically processed to release two polypeptides of 34 and 28 kDa. Since members of the proprotein convertase (PC) family cleave different TGF-beta factors and are involved in the establishment of embryonic laterality, we studied their role in lefty processing. Cotransfection analysis showed that PC5A processed the lefty precursor to the 34-kDa form in vivo, whereas furin, PACE4, PC5B, and PC7 had a limited activity. None of these PCs showed activity in the processing of the lefty polypeptide to the 28-kDa lefty form. The mutation of the consensus sequences for PC cleavage in the lefty protein allowed the lefty cleavage sites to be identified. Mutations of the sequence RGKR to GGKG (amino acids 74-77) and of RHGR to GHGR (amino acids 132-135) prevented the proteolytic processing of the lefty precursor to the 34- and 28-kDa forms, respectively. To identify the biologically active form of lefty, we studied the effect of lefty treatment on pluripotent P19 cells. Lefty did not induce Smad2 or Smad5 phosphorylation, Smad2/Smad4 heterodimerization, or nuclear translocation of Smad2 or Smad4, but activated the MAPK pathway in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Further analysis showed the 28-kDa (but not the 34-kDa) polypeptide to induce MAPK activity. Surprisingly, the 42-kDa lefty protein was also capable of inducing MAPK activity, indicating that the lefty precursor is biologically active. The data support a molecular model of processing as a mechanism for regulation of lefty signaling.
Plant Defense Chemicals against Insect Pests (2020)

Insect pests cause significant global agricultural damage and lead to major financial and environmental costs. Crops contain intrinsic defenses to protect themselves from such pests, including a wide array of specialized secondary metabolite-based defense chemicals. These chemicals can be induced upon attack (phytoalexins) or are constitutive (phytoanticipins), and can have a direct impact on the pests or be used indirectly to attract their natural enemies. They form part of a global arms race between the crops and their insect pests, with the insects developing methods of suppression, avoidance, detoxification, or even capture of their hosts defensive chemicals. Harnessing and optimizing the chemical defense capabilities of crops has the potential to aid in the continuing struggle to enhance or improve agricultural pest management. Such strategies include breeding for the restoration of defense chemicals from ancestral varieties, or cross-species transfer of defense metabolite production.
Development of Traffic Signal Control Strategy by Balancing Queue Lengths for Oversaturated Traffic Condition (2003)

It is recognized that one of the problems for the current 'Traffic Adaptive Control System in Seoul' is the performance at the oversaturated condition. Instead of 'Degree of Saturation' adopted in the current system, the methodology of balancing the queue length was developed and evaluated in this study. This method keeps the balance of queue lengths on the intersections and reduces the overall queue lengths. In addition a traffic signal control model was developed based on the method. This model can reduce not only the queue lengths but also the average delay of vehicles according to the macroscopic and microscopic evaluations.
Dangerous driving behavior detection using video-extracted vehicle trajectory histograms (2017)

Dangerous driving behavior detection can be used in video surveillance systems to identify dangerous patterns, such as Abrupt Double Lane Change (ALC), Retrograde Driving (RD), and Illegal U-Turn (IT), for traffic design, traffic management, and law enforcement. The purpose of this study is to develop a detection method of dangerous driving behavior based on video surveillance. First, a novel method named trajectory histogram is proposed. A set of trajectory histograms (e.g., control points histogram and velocity histogram) is constructed to represent vehicle motion. Then, a frequently used feature selection method named Minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance (mRMR) is introduced to evaluate the most representative trajectory histograms for dangerous driving behavior detection. In addition, a hybrid algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine (PSO_SVM), is then developed to identify dangerous driving behavior. To validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method, several experiments are conducted. The results show that mRMR is better than other representative methods, namely Conditional Mutual Information Maximization (CMIM), Mutual Information Maximization (MIM), and ReliefF, for evaluating the most representative trajectory histograms. Based on the most representative trajectory histograms, the detection accuracy rate of dangerous driving behavior using PSO_SVM is superior to those of the most frequently used classifiers—Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NBC), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and C4.5 decision tree. In addition, we find that the proposed method outperforms the two common approaches for dangerous driving behavior detection in video surveillance systems. Therefore, the proposed method can be widely applied to detect dangerous driving behavior in video surveillance systems.
Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men (2011)

Specific dietary and lifestyle factors are independently associated with long-term weight gain, with a substantial aggregate effect and implications for strategies to prevent obesity. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
A multi-platform metabolomics approach identifies highly specific biomarkers of bacterial diversity in the vagina of pregnant and non-pregnant women (2015)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases transmission of HIV, enhances the risk of preterm labour, and is associated with malodour. Clinical diagnosis often relies on microscopy, which may not reflect the microbiota composition accurately. We use an untargeted metabolomics approach, whereby we normalize the weight of samples prior to analysis, to obtained precise measurements of metabolites in vaginal fluid. We identify biomarkers for BV with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.99) in a cohort of 131 pregnant and non-pregnant Rwandan women, and demonstrate that the vaginal metabolome is strongly associated with bacterial diversity. Metabolites associated with high diversity and clinical BV include 2-hydroxyisovalerate and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), but not succinate, which is produced by both Lactobacillus crispatus and BV-associated anaerobes in vitro. Biomarkers associated with high diversity and clinical BV are independent of pregnancy status, and were validated in a blinded replication cohort from Tanzania (n = 45), where we predicted clinical BV with 91% accuracy. Correlations between the metabolome and microbiota identified Gardnerella vaginalis as a putative producer of GHB, and we demonstrate production by this species in vitro. This work illustrates how changes in community structure alter the chemical composition of the vagina, and identifies highly specific biomarkers for a common condition.
Addressing a Common Misconception: Ammonium Acetate as Neutral pH “Buffer” for Native Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Native ESI-MS involves the transfer of intact proteins and biomolecular complexes from solution into the gas phase. One potential pitfall is the occurrence of pH-induced changes that can affect the analyte while it is still surrounded by solvent. Most native ESI-MS studies employ neutral aqueous ammonium acetate solutions. It is a widely perpetuated misconception that ammonium acetate buffers the analyte solution at neutral pH. By definition, a buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate weak base. The buffering range covers the weak acid pK<sub>a</sub> ± 1 pH unit. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and CH<sub>3</sub>-COO<sup>-</sup> are not a conjugate acid/base pair, which means that they do not constitute a buffer at pH 7. Dissolution of ammonium acetate salt in water results in pH 7, but this pH is highly labile. Ammonium acetate does provide buffering around pH 4.75 (the pK<sub>a</sub> of acetic acid) and around pH 9.25 (the pK<sub>a</sub> of ammonium). This implies that neutral ammonium acetate solutions electrosprayed in positive ion mode will likely undergo acidification down to pH 4.75 ± 1 in the ESI plume. Ammonium acetate nonetheless remains a useful additive for native ESI-MS. It is a volatile electrolyte that can mimic the solvation properties experienced by proteins under physiological conditions. Also, a drop from pH 7 to around pH 4.75 is less dramatic than the acidification that would take place in pure water. It is hoped that the habit of referring to pH 7 solutions as ammonium acetate "buffer" will disappear from the literature. Ammonium acetate "solution" should be used instead. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Apoptosis induced by 2-chloro-adenosine and 2-chloro-2?-deoxy-adenosine in a human astrocytoma cell line: Differential mechanisms and possible clinical relevance (2000)

We have previously demonstrated that 2-chloro-adenosine (2-CA) can induce apoptosis of rat astroglial cells (Abbracchio et al. [1995] Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 213:908-915). In the present study, we have characterized, for the first time, the effects induced on a human astrocytoma cell line (ADF cells) by both 2-CA and its related analog 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-adenosine (2-CdA, that is employed as anti-cancer agent in chronic lymphoid malignancies). Exposure of these cells to either adenosine analog resulted in time- and concentration-dependent apoptosis. Experiments with pharmacological agents known to interfere with adenosine receptors, its membrane transporter, and intracellular nucleoside kinases showed that: (i) cell death induced by either adenosine analog did not depend on extracellular adenosine receptors, but on a direct intracellular action; however, only in the case of 2-CA, was entry into cells mediated by the specific nitrobenzyl-tioinosine-sensitive transporter; (ii) for both adenosine analogs, induction of apoptosis required the phosphorylation/activation by specific intracellular nucleoside kinases, i.e., adenosine kinase for 2-CA, and deoxycytidine kinase for 2-CdA. In addition, only in the case of 2-CdA, was induction of apoptosis preceded by a block of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Finally, at concentrations of either analog that killed about 80-90% of astrocytoma cells, a significantly lower effect on the viability of primary cortical neurons was observed. In conclusion, both adenosine analogs can trigger apoptosis of human astrocytoma cells, albeit with different mechanisms. This effect together with the relative sparing of neuronal cells, may have potential clinical implications for the therapy of tumors of glial origin.
A Review of Thermally Controlled Covalent Bond Formation in Polymer Chemistry (1993)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review known art in the area of thermally controlled covalent linkage formation for use in thermally reversible polymer systems. Only 1 :1 adduct forming reactions are considered in this paper; e.g., condensation reactions are not discussed because these reactions are controlled via the addition or elimination of small molecules. In the case of an exothermic process, covalent bonds would form at lower temperatures and disassemble at higher temperatures. Linkage formation could ideally be extended to either linear polymerizations or crosslinking schemes, as outlined in Fig. 1.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal (2017)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with an increasing annual incidence globally. The majority of cases are linked to prior infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). For patients with metastatic SCCA, no consensus standard treatment exists. Identification of relevant targeted agents as novel therapeutic approaches for metastatic SCCA has been limited by a lack of comprehensive molecular profiling. We performed whole-exome sequencing on tumor-normal pairs from 24 patients with metastatic SCCA. Tumor tissue from 17 additional patients was analyzed using a 263-gene panel as a validation cohort. Gene expression profiling was performed on available frozen tissue to assess for differential expression patterns. Based on these findings, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCCA were generated to test targeted therapies against PI3K and EGFR. Despite a low mutation burden, mutations in <i>PIK3CA, MLL2</i>, and <i>MLL3</i> were among the most commonly mutated genes. An association between <i>TP53</i> mutations and HPV-negative SCCA tumors was observed. Gene expression analysis suggested distinct tumor subpopulations harboring <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations and for which HPV had integrated into the host genome. <i>In vivo</i> studies demonstrated improvement with anti-EGFR treatment. Gene mutation frequencies, tumor mutation burden, and gene expression patterns for metastatic SCCA appear similar to other HPV-associated malignancies.<b>Implications:</b> This first comprehensive genomic characterization for patients with metastatic SCCA provides further rationale for the integration of SCCA into the development of novel targeted therapies across HPV-related cancers. <i>Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1542-50. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Flash-lamp-pumped Ho:Tm:Cr:YAG and Ho:Tm:Er:YLF lasers: modeling of a single, long pulse length comparison (1997)

Two methods of producing the long pulse lengths that promote efficient extraction of energy from low-gain, quasi-four-level lasers are analyzed. A long pulse length output can mitigate laser-induced damage effects and can be generated in quasi-four-level lasers by two disparate methods. One method utilizes Q-switching techniques in resonators designed to extend the pulse length and another utilizes the first pulse in a relaxation oscillation pulse train. Models for quasi-four-level lasers are derived here taking into account the nonnegligible thermal population of the lower laser level. Closed-form expressions are derived for both modes of operation of quasi-four-level laser systems so the parametric dependencies of both forms of operation become obvious, allowing facile comparison. In addition, a combined absorption and quantum efficiency, germane for flash-lamp pumping, is calculated for both Cr and Er sensitizers. Although the former has the advantage of broad absorption bands, the latter has the advantage of a quantum efficiency approaching 3.
Progress on inert matrix fuels for minor actinide transmutation in fast reactor (2007)

An extensive irradiation program has been devoted by CEA to the assessment of transmutation using minor actinide bearing inert support targets. A first irradiation experiment was performed in the fast neutron reactor Phenix, in parallel to other experiments carried out in the HFR and Siloe reactors, in order to assess the behavior under fast neutron flux of various materials intended as inert support matrix for transmutation targets. This experiment, which included the two steps MATINA 1 and MATINA 1A, was completed in 2004 and underwent complete post irradiation examinations (PIE) , whose results are presented in this paper. All the pure inert materials showed a satisfactory behavior under fast neutrons except Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} - which exhibits a swelling close to 11 vol. % after irradiation. In presence of UO{sub 2} fissile particles, MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} proved to be more stable in term of swelling as inert support than MgO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} matrices, under the same irradiation conditions. A second experiment ECRIX H in Phenix involving composite pellets with an MgO matrix and AmO{sub 2-x} particles was completed in 2006. The very first PIE results on ECRIX H are described in this paper. At the light of thesemore » first experiments, a second phase dedicated to the design optimization of the target was initiated and three new irradiation experiments - MATINA 2-3, CAMIX COCHIX in Phenix and HELIOS in HFR - were started in 2006 and 2007. (authors)« less