gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BEMD-3DCNN-Based Method for COVID-19 Detection (2021)

Abstract Coronavirus outbreak continues to spread around the world and none knows when it will stop. Therefore, from the first day of the virus identification in Wuhan, scientists have launched numerous research projects to understand the nature of the virus, how to detect it, and search for the right medicine to help and protect patients. A fast diagnostic and detection system is a priority and should be found to stop COVID-19 from spreading. Medical imaging techniques has been used for this purpose. The existing works used transfer learning by exploiting different backbones like VGG, ResNet, DenseNet or combine them to detect COVID-19. By using these backbones many aspect can not be analysed like the spatial and contextual information in the images, while these information's can be useful for a better detection performance. For that in this paper, we used 3D representation of the data (video) as input of the 3DCNN-based deep learning model. The Bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) technique to decompose the original image into IMFs, then built a video of these IMFs images. The formed video is used as input of 3DCNN model to classify and detect COVID-19 virus. 3DCNN model consists of a 3D VGG-16 backbone followed by a Context-aware attention (CAA) modules then fully connected layers for classification. Each CAA module takes the feature maps of different blocks of the backbone, which allows a learning from different feature maps. In the experiments we used 6484 X-Ray images, 1802 of them were COVID-19 positive cases, 1910 normal cases, and 2772 pneumonia cases. The experiment results showed that our proposed techniques achieved the desired results on the selected dataset. Also, the use of 3DCNN model with contextual information processing exploiting CAA networks helps to achieve better performance.
Sensitization of Europium(III) Luminescence by DTPA Derivatives (2000)

Abstract Novel ligands, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid bearing several aromatic amines, were synthesized and their chelates with a europium ion were prepared. The lanthanide luminescence of the chelates of 1-aminonaphthalene and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin was largely enhanced by the energy transfer from the ligand to the europium ion.
Highly efficient hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methyl formate over supported gold catalysts (2014)

Supported gold catalysts show excellent efficiency in methyl formate synthesis from carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methanol.
Omnidirectional Millimeter-Wave Propagation Characteristics of Corridor Environments based on Measurements at 28, 38, 71 and 82 GHz (2022)

This paper investigates measurement-based omni-directional millimeter-wave propagation characteristics for an indoor corridor environment. The omnidirectional characteristics were obtained with actual omnidirectional antenna measurements both at TX and RX, and not by synthesizing directional antenna measurements. With wideband sounding at 28, 38, 71 and 82 GHz, we analyzed path loss, shadow fading, excess loss and delay spread characteristics. In the path loss and the excess loss analyses, evident differences between the LOS and the NLOS were observed due to the waveguide effects. In the excess loss and the delay spread analyses, gaps were observed between the relative lower mmWave frequencies (28 and 38 GHz) and the upper frequencies (71 and 82 GHz).
Ubiquitin-dependent switch during assembly of the proteasomal ATPases mediated by Not4 ubiquitin ligase (2018)

In the proteasome holoenzyme, the hexameric ATPases (Rpt1-Rpt6) enable degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by unfolding and translocating them into the proteolytic core particle. During early-stage proteasome assembly, individual Rpt proteins assemble into the hexameric "Rpt ring" through binding to their cognate chaperones: Nas2, Hsm3, Nas6, and Rpn14. Here, we show that Rpt ring assembly employs a specific ubiquitination-mediated control. An E3 ligase, Not4, selectively ubiquitinates Rpt5 during Rpt ring assembly. To access Rpt5, Not4 competes with Nas2 until the penultimate step and then with Hsm3 at the final step of Rpt ring completion. Using the known Rpt-chaperone cocrystal structures, we show that Not4-mediated ubiquitination sites in Rpt5 are obstructed by Nas2 and Hsm3. Thus, Not4 can distinguish a Rpt ring that matures without these chaperones, based on its accessibility to Rpt5. Rpt5 ubiquitination does not destabilize the ring but hinders incorporation of incoming subunits-Rpn1 ubiquitin receptor and Ubp6 deubiquitinase-thereby blocking progression of proteasome assembly and ubiquitin regeneration from proteasome substrates. Our findings reveal an assembly checkpoint where Not4 monitors chaperone actions during hexameric ATPase ring assembly, thereby ensuring the accuracy of proteasome holoenzyme maturation.
Construction Techniques for Factory Floor Expert Systems (1988)

This paper addresses the specific problems encountered when building an expert system for use in a manufacturing process. These problems include: general unfamiliarity of the experts with expert systems, the diffused nature of the expertise, the low availability of the experts, and the users fear of being replaced or constrained by the computer system. The paper addresses these problems by presenting specific strategies developed in the construction of an expert system for use in controlling a plating process for electronic components.
Preservation of Residual Hearing in Children and Post-Lingually Deafened Adults after Cochlear Implantation: An Initial Study (2002)

Preservation of residual hearing is an important consideration in cochlear implantation in the light of changing selection criteria for cochlear implant candidates, and as younger children are receiving implants. This is important, as we do not know yet the long-term effects of inner ear damage due to traumatic insertions of electrodes. This finding suggests a good prognosis for future possibilities of re-implantation.
Conformationally restricted phenothiazine neuroleptics. 1. 3-(Dimethylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroazepino[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine (1980)

A rigid analogue of promazine, 3-(dimethylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroazepino[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine (1), was prepared by reductive amination of the corresponding ketone 4. An X-ray crystallographic study revealed that the seven-membered ring of the hydrochloride salt of 1 exists as a half-chair-like form with the dimethylammonium group in an equatorial-like conformation. Compound 1 was approximately one-half as active as promazine as an inhibitor of [3H]spiperone binding in rat corpus striatal homogenates. In homogenates obtained from calf caudate tissue, however, 1 was only about one-twentieth as active as promazine as an inhibitor of [3H] spiperone binding. As a stimulator of homovanilic acid (HVA) synthesis in rat corpus striatum in vivo, it was about one-tenth as active as promazine.
Microwave Assisted Stereo Selective Synthesis of Organomercurials from All-Trans- Retinoic Acid (2005)

Retinoic acid and retinoids have been proposed as cancer preventive and chemotherapeutic agents because of their antiproliferative activity. Organomercurials of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles of alltrans-retinoic acid containing a mercapto group in the 2-position have been synthesized under microwave irradiation and by the conventional methods. The reaction time has been reduced considerably with improved yields. Vol. 28, No. 4, 2005 Microwave Assisted Stereo Selective Synthesis of Organomercurials from All-Trans-Retinoic Acid
Immobilization of Lipase fromCandida rugosa on Synthetic Polymer Beads for Use in the Synthesis of Fatty Esters (1996)

Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized on three different supports, i.e. Amberlite XAD7, poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and celite. With the conditions tested, maximum adsorption can be achieved after 30 min. The activities of the immobilized lipases were determined by the esterification reaction of oleic acid and butanol. The immobilized lipases were found to be very effective in the esterification reaction. The immobilized activities generally were high in apolar organic solvents with log P values from 2·0 to 4·0. The preference for fatty acids as acyl donors differed in all cases of immobilized lipases. Lipase immobilized on XAD7 and PMMA exhibited high preference of acyl donors (fatty acids) with chain lengths 12–18 and 8–18, respectively. Lipase immobilized on celite, however, showed high activity in all cases of fatty acids. The nucleophile (alcohol) selectivity studies showed that lipase immobilized on XAD7 and celite was more accessible to alcohols of chain lengths 3–12. However, lipase immobilized on PMMA showed a significant preference towards alcohols of chain lengths from 3 to 10.
Fine printing method of silver nanowire electrodes with alignment and accumulation (2019)

One-dimensional metal nanowires offer great potential in printing transparent electrodes for next-generation optoelectronic devices such as flexible displays and flexible solar cells. Printing fine patterns of metal nanowires with widths <100 μm is critical for their practical use in the devices. However, the fine printing of metal nanowires onto polymer substrates remains a major challenge owing to their unintended alignment. This paper reports on a fine-printing method for transparent silver nanowires (AgNWs) electrodes miniaturized to a width of 50 μm on ultrathin (1 μm) polymer substrate, giving a high yield of >90%. In this method, the AgNW dispersion, which is swept by a glass rod, is spontaneously deposited to the hydrophilic areas patterned on a hydrophobic-coated substrate. The alignment and accumulation of AgNWs at the pattern periphery are enhanced by employing a high sweeping rate of >3.2 mm s<sup>-1</sup>, improving electrical conductivity and pattern definition. The more aligned and more accumulated AgNWs lower the sheet resistance by a factor of up to 6.8. In addition, a high pattern accuracy ≤ 3.6 μm, which is the deviation from the pattern designs, is achieved. Quantitative analyses are implemented on the nanowire alignment to understand the nanowire geometry. This fine-printing method of the AgNW electrodes will provide great opportunities for realizing flexible and high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Design and implementation of a magnetically suspended microrobotic pick-and-place system (2006)

Micromanipulation is an emerging technology in such diverse areas as precision engineering, microfabrication, and microsurgery. Each of these areas impose certain technological constraints and requirements in fabrication, actuation, and control. This paper performs a review on the latest technologies of microrobotic actuation techniques and suggests a suitable technique for the actuation of a magnetically levitated microrobot. The microrobot, suspended in an externally produced magnetic field, consists of a gripper attached to a series of permanent magnets and is capable of simple pick and place tasks. A number of electromagnets produce the external magnetic field and three laser sensors feedback the position of the levitated microrobot. Through finite element analysis, performance of the levitation system was investigated, and simulations and experiments were carried out to demonstrate the practical capabilities of the proposed system.
Study on thermal property of arctic fox wool (2007)

The arctic fox wool's thermal characteristics was tested by TG and DSC ,and the impact of different temperatures,time of heat treatment on fiber strength and elongation were also studied.Exper- imental results show that as the temperature increases,the arctic fox wool's TG curves appear two weightlessness bands,DSC curve appeares double melting peaks which is similar to cashmere and wool' s.Before and after the thermal decomposition ,the arctic fox woolts break strength and elongation go up first and drop after.
Effect of Axial Interactions on the Formation of Mesophases: Comparison of the Phase Behavior of Dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate Complexes of Pt(II), Pt(IV), and Pt(II)/Pt(IV) Molecular Alloys (2012)

Crystal engineering through the use of metal-based interactions is relatively common, but this approach has not been widely used to develop highly ordered liquid-crystalline (LC) phases. Herein is presented a Pt(II)/Pt(IV) system with a highly ordered LC phase engineered to form through metal-based MX chain interactions of the type Pt(II)···Cl-Pt(IV). This LC material constitutes a molecular alloy in which a single mesophase is formed from two components, and is the first alloy to include a Pt(IV) component. The molecular alloy was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and variable-temperature X-ray diffraction (VT XRD). The alloy properties are contrasted with complimentary analyses of the individual components. The newly synthesized tetrachloro(dialkyl 4,4′-dicarboxylate-2,2′-bipyridyl)platinum(IV) complexes (PtLnCl4, n is the number of carbons in the alkyl chain) are themselves liquid crystalline. Structural and thermal properties of the Pt(II) analogues are presented to provide context to the behaviors of the Pt(IV) species and the alloys. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data is presented for PtL1Cl2·CH2Cl2, PtL2Cl2, and PtL16Cl2·•2CHCl3. This study demonstrates the potential of mesophase ordering through carefully engineered metal-based interactions. The resulting alloy provides a phase for studying MX chain interactions outside of the solid state.
Biologic Intervention in Muscle Healing and Regeneration (1998)

Muscle injuries are a challenging problem in traumatology and the most frequently occurring injuries in sports medicine. Even though muscles retain their ability to regenerate after injury, the healing process of muscles after such injuries has been found to be slow and often leads to an incomplete muscle recovery. In an attempt to develop approaches to improve muscle healing after injury, the authors have developed reproducible injury models for muscle contusion, strain, and laceration. The authors show that muscle regeneration occurs after those injuries, but the development of scar tissue greatly limits the natural healing process. It is likely that an enhancement of muscle growth and regeneration can be used to improve muscle healing after injuries. The authors have then identified growth factors that enhance myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro and muscle regeneration in the injured muscles, which improves muscle healing after injuries. Furthermore, different gene transfer systems, including cell and gene therapy, have been found successful in delivering genes into injured muscles and may open new opportunities to deliver growth factors and improve muscle healing after lacerations, contusions, and strains.
Allelism among Genes for Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in Strain‐Differential Soybean Cultivars (1991)

Five soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars that have been used to differentiate strain groups of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) were studied to determine the allelic relationships among genes conditioning reaction to SMV. The cultivars PI 96983, ‘Ogden’, ‘York’, ‘Marshall’, and ‘Kwanggyo’ (PI 406710) are each known to have single dominant gene conditioning resistance to SMV. These parents were crossed in all possible combinations with each other and with a susceptible cultivar. The crosses were evaluated in the F 2 and with F 2 ‐derived F 3 lines in the field and in the greenhouse for reaction to inoculation with the G1 strain of SMV (SMV‐G1). Results confirm that each of the resistant cultivars has a single dominant gene for resistance to SMV‐G1, but that dominance is sometimes incomplete. The lack of segregation for susceptibility in F 2 and F 3 progenies from the resistant ✕ resistant crosses indicates a high probability that the resistance genes in these cultivars are alleles at a common locus. Gene symbols Rsv y 1 , Rsv m 1 and Rsv k 1 are proposed for the resistance alleles in York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo, respectively. The systemic necrosis reaction that sometimes occurs following SMV‐G1 inoculation of segregating populations is highly associated with plants heterozygous for the resistance gene, but may be influenced by environment and genetic background.
PPAR-α effects on the heart and other vascular tissues (2003)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha is a member of a large nuclear receptor superfamily whose main role is to activate genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle. While currently used mainly as hypolipidemic agents, the cardiac effects and anti-inflammatory actions of PPAR-alpha agonists in arterial wall cells suggest other potential cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects of these agents. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the effects of PPAR-alpha agonists on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, the heart, and the vessel wall and introduces some of the insights gained in these areas from studying PPAR-alpha-deficient mice. The introduction of new and more potent PPAR-alpha agonists will provide important insights into the overall benefits of activating PPAR-alpha clinically for the treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of vascular disease.
Proteolytic activation of human factors IX and X by recombinant human factor VIIa: effects of calcium, phospholipids, and tissue factor (1990)

Previous studies indicated that factor VIIa, in complex with tissue factor, readily activates either factor X or factor IX in the presence of calcium ions. In order to assess the relative physiological importance of the activation of factor IX versus the activation of factor X by recombinant factor VIIa, we have obtained steady-state kinetic parameters for the factor VIIa catalyzed activation of factor IX and factor X under a variety of cofactor conditions that include calcium alone, calcium and phospholipids, calcium, phospholipids, and tissue factor apoprotein, and calcium and cell-surface tissue factor. Calcium alone stimulated the activation of factors IX and X by factor VIIa maximally at 1 and 2.5 mM, respectively. In the presence of 25 microM phospholipids, maximal rates of factor IX and factor X activation were achieved at 2.5-5 mM calcium. With calcium alone, or with phospholipid and calcium, the initial rates of factor IX activation by factor VIIa were significantly higher than that observed for factor X. Kinetic studies revealed that the Km for the factor VIIa catalyzed activation of factor IX was essentially constant in the presence of 5 mM calcium and 1-500 microM phospholipid, whereas the Km for factor X activation varied with phospholipid concentration, reaching a minimum at 7-20 microM phospholipid. At all concentrations of added phospholipid, the kcat/Km ratio for the activation of factor IX by factor VIIa appeared to be considerably greater than that observed for the activation of factor X.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Overcoming drug resistance in multi-drug resistant cancers and microorganisms (2012)

Resistance development against multiple drugs is a common feature among many pathogens--including bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, viruses, and parasites--and also among cancers. The reasons are two-fold. Most commonly-used rationally-designed small molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, as well as antibiotics, strongly inhibit a key single step in the growth and proliferation of the pathogen or cancer cells. The disease agents quickly change or switch off this single target, or activate the efflux mechanisms to pump out the drug, thereby becoming resistant to the drug. A second problem is the way drugs are designed. The pharmaceutical industry chooses to use, by high-throughput screening, compounds that are maximally inhibitory to the key single step in the growth of the pathogen or cancer, thereby promoting selective pressure. An ideal drug would be one that inhibits multiple steps in the disease progression pathways with less stringency in these steps. Low levels of inhibition at multiple steps provide cumulative strong inhibitory effect, but little incentives or ability on the part of the pathogen/cancer to develop resistance. Such intelligent drug design involving multiple less stringent inhibitory steps is beyond the scope of the drug industry and requires evolutionary wisdom commonly possessed by bacteria. This review surveys assessments of the current clinical situation with regard to drug resistance in P. aeruginosa, and examines tools currently employed to limit this trend. We then provide a conceptual framework in which we explore the similarities between multi-drug resistance in pathogens and in cancers. We summarize promising work on anti-cancer drugs derived from the evolutionary wisdom of bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, and how such strategies can be the basis for how to look for candidate protein/peptide antibiotic drugs from bioengineered bugs. Such multi-domain proteins, unlike diffusible antibiotics, are not diffusible because of their large size and are often released only on contact with the perceived competitor. Thus, multi-domain proteins are missed during traditional methods of looking for growth zone inhibition of susceptible bacteria as demonstrated by antibiotics, but may represent the weapons of the future in the fights against both drug-resistant cancers and pathogens such as P. aeruginosa.
Oral Toxicity of Photorhabdus luminescens W14 Toxin Complexes in Escherichia coli (2001)

Previous attempts to express the toxin complex genes of Photorhabdus luminescens W14 in Escherichia coli have failed to reconstitute their oral toxicity to the model insect Manduca sexta. Here we show that the combination of three genes, tcdA, tcdB, and tccC, is essential for oral toxicity to M. sexta when expression in E. coli is used. Further, when transcription from native toxin complex gene promoters is used, maximal toxicity in E. coli cultures is associated with the addition of mitomycin C to the growth medium. In contrast, the expression of tcdAB (or the homologous tcaABC operon) with no recombinant tccC homolog in a different P. luminescens strain, K122, is sufficient to confer oral toxicity on this strain, which is otherwise not orally toxic. We therefore infer that P. luminescens K122 carries a functional tccC-like homolog within its own genome, a hypothesis supported by Southern analysis. Recombinant toxins from both P. luminescens K122 and E. coli were purified as high-molecular-weight particulate preparations. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) images of these particulate preparations showed that the expression of tcdAB (either with or without tccC) in E. coli produces visible approximately 25-nm-long complexes with a head and tail-like substructure. These data are consistent with a model whereby TcdAB constitutes the majority of the complex visible under TEM and TccC either is a toxin itself or is an activator of the complex. The implications for the potential mode of action of the toxin complex genes are discussed.