gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound microbubble targeted gemcitabine delivery for pancreatic cancer treatment (2017)

Studies have shown that treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with systemic administration of gemcitabine (GEM) is inhibited by excessive desmoplastic connective tissue surrounding the tumor. Ultrasound (US) insonification combined with drug-loaded poly lactic acid (PLA) microbubbles (MB) may circumvent this through targeted delivery to the tumor via increased permeability and lodging of GEM-loaded MB fragments in the tumor tissue. GEM-loaded MB were fabricated through a double emulsion process, and evaluated for efficacy as potential drug delivery agents. Acoustic and physical characterization suggest that GEM encapsulation does not significantly affect MB morphology or contrast activity (p > 0.23 compared with unmodified MB). Inertial cavitation upon exposure to US is not impacted by drug encapsulation, indicated by GEM-loaded MB exhibiting significant size reduction to fragments approximately 400 nm in diameter following insonation (p <; 0.0001). In vitro cytotoxicity of these agents confirms GEM release from the MB in response to insonation. Free GEM resulted in a complete loss of PDAC cell viability at a concentration of 62.5nM, while concentrations of 500nM and above were needed for complete PDAC cell death from GEM-loaded MB. This result is encouraging, since PLA must hydrolyze to release the encapsulated GEM. Unmodified bubbles did initiate PDAC cell death. In vivo, administration of GEM-loaded MB is well tolerated. Xenograft MiaPaCa-2 PDAC tumors were grown in 60 athymic mice (12/group). Mice were then treated with one of five therapies and monitored for tumor growth. GEM-loaded MB provide substantial tumoral imaging enhancement before and after destructive pulses. However, no significant differences in tumor growth or mouse survival were observed among the treatment groups (p > 0.1). Encapsulation of GEM within the PLA shell of MB resulted in viable drug delivery agents for PDAC treatment.
Tensile Bond Strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB Resin to Ground Bovine Enamel Using a Self-etching Primer (2004)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-etching primer in adhering 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to bovine enamel. In this study, we designed an original self-etching primer which contained an aqueous mixture of 4-MET, 35 wt% HEMA, and ferric chloride. The polished bovine enamel surface was treated with self-etching primer for 30 seconds. Tensile bond strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to enamel was measured after 1-day immersion in water at 37 degrees C. The self-etching primer containing 30 wt% 4-MET and 35 wt% HEMA (4MET30) gave a significantly higher bond strength of 11.2+/-2.8 MPa than other self-etching primers. The addition of ferric chloride into 4MET30 primer significantly decreased tensile bond strength. SEM observation revealed that 4MET30 treatment produced no distinct dissolution on enamel. When compared with phosphoric acid etching, the self-etching primer containing 30 wt% 4-MET and 35 wt% HEMA was more superior in adhering 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to enamel.
Postprandial Reactive Hypoglycaemia: Varying Presentation Patterns on Extended Glucose Tolerance Tests and Possible Therapeutic Approaches (2013)

Reactive hypoglycemia is a state characterised by sympathetic or neuroglycopenic symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia in the postprandial state resulting in considerable distress to the patient. It is our practice to carry out either extended glucose tolerance tests (eGTTs) or mixed meal tests in these patients. We describe two patients who experienced hypoglycaemic symptoms early and late during eGTT. The patient who experienced symptoms early, in contrast to the patient who presented with late symptoms, did not possess any characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Based on clinical symptoms, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, we speculate on possible mechanisms that may have accounted for each of their presentation patterns. We then discuss low glycaemic index diet which will be the mainstay of management.
Triggering of Plaque Disruption and Arterial Thrombosis in an Atherosclerotic Rabbit Model (1995)

A suitable animal model is available for the study of plaque disruption and arterial thrombosis. Hypercholesterolemia and mechanical arterial wall injury seemed to produce plaques vulnerable to triggering of disruption and thrombosis, whereas normal arteries were relatively resistant to triggering. This model provides a method to evaluate agents that might decrease the occurrence of vulnerable plaques or the amount of thrombus formed after triggering. Most important, the model can be used to identify the features of vulnerable plaques and the pharmacological stressors that trigger plaque disruption and thrombus formation.
39 Similar reduction of neointima formation after vascular injury with renin or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in guinea pigs (1993)

Clozel, Jean-Paul; Fischli, Walter; Hess, P.; Michael, C.; Schietinger, K.; Baumgartner, H. R. Author Information
Purification and Properties of the Xenopus Hat1 Acetyltransferase:  Association with the 14-3-3 Proteins in the Oocyte Nucleus (1999)

We have purified the Xenopus histone acetyltransferase Hat1 holoenzyme from oocytes. The holoenzyme contains the catalytic subunit Hat1, the retinoblastoma associated protein RbAp48, and members of the phosphoserine binding family of 14-3-3 proteins. We have determined that the Hat1 holoenzyme specifically acetylates free histone H4 but not nucleosomal histones. RbAp48 is a phosphoprotein that contains a consensus recognition motif for the 14-3-3 proteins. The 14-3-3 proteins provide a regulatory function for the activity of many phosphoproteins. We find that the hugely abundant Hat1 holoenzyme is present in 10 000-fold excess over somatic cell levels. The holoenzyme is localized in the oocyte nucleus where acetylated histones are stored. The oocyte form of the Xenopus Hat1 holoenzyme may represent a specialized storage form of histone acetyltransferase. Following oocyte maturation and subsequent embryogenesis, the Hat1 enzyme is redistributed to the cytoplasm, where new histones are synthesized.
Approaches to Cereal Protoplast Culture: Morphogeny Cultures in Wheat (Triticum) (1983)

Despite continuous and intensive efforts, protoplasts isolated from cereal plants have not divided so far (1). There is only one unreproducible exception to this statement (2). Cell division appears to be blocked very efficiently in differentiated cereal cells. Proliferating cell cultures can, however, be induced in-vitro from immature embryos (scutellum), leaves, inflorescences, and microspores (3). These cell cultures are, however, not populations of independant and potentally totipotent cells, but proliferating adventitious meristems. Besides predominating root-meristem cultures shoot- and embryo-meristem cultures develope, depending upon the cereal species, genotype, tissue type and developmental stage used. Plants can be regenerated exclusively from these shoot- and embryo meristems. The ‘logic’ approach to cereal protoplast culture is,therefore, via shoot- or embryo-meristem culture.
Unitary Operator and Density Matrix for a Ring of Coupled Oscillator Model (1998)

A unitary operator which can directly diagonalize the Hamiltonian of a ring of coupled oscillators is found. With use of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we see that includes a squeezing transformation. For large it turns out that, except a zero-mode, the ring Hamiltonian has the same spectrum as the one-dimensional monatomic lattice model plus the Born–Von–Karmen boundary condition. The density matrix of this model is calculated by the transformation, which further leads us to derive the heat capacity of the coupled oscillators in the large limit.
Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells Using Gallium Oxide (2018)

This work proposes gallium oxide grown by plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition, as a surface passivation material at the CdS buffer interface of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells. In preliminary experiments, a metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) structure is used to compare aluminium oxide, gallium oxide, and hafnium oxide as passivation layers at the CIGS‐CdS interface. The findings suggest that gallium oxide on CIGS may show a density of positive charges and qualitatively, the least interface trap density. Subsequent solar cell results with an estimated 0.5 nm passivation layer show an substantial absolute improvement of 56 mV in open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ), 1 mA cm −2 in short‐circuit current density ( J SC ), and 2.6% in overall efficiency as compared to a reference (with the reference showing 8.5% under AM 1.5G).
A Semi-Analytical Tyre Model for Steady- and Transient-State Simulations (1997)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT On the basis of previous research papers, an enhanced tyre model is presented which could be useful both for vehicle dynamics analysis and for tyre design. The physical phenomena involved in tyre-ground force generation are described mathematically in a semi-analytical form. Given the main mechanical parameters of the tyre, the friction coefficients and the running conditions, the model returns the values of the forces generated at the tyre-ground interface either at steady- or at transient-state condition. Comparisons between experimental and computed data have been performed with satisfactory results.
Research in Brief - Pushing Education: Parental Engagement, Educational Aspirations and College Access (2016)

This qualitative study explores the counterstories of educational engagement experiences for five parents who have a high school student in a college access program that is designed for students with a financial need and/or no family history of college. This study uses the ecologies of parental engagement (EPE) framework to explore family engagement in traditional academic settings but also nonacademic settings. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and one focus group. Their counterstories challenge the notion that parents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and/or no to little family history of college are disinterested or disengaged in their student’s education. The data reveal that the family members are highly engaged in their student’s educational experiences in academic settings, nonacademic settings (home, community organizations, and neighborhoods), and in the college access program. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the college access program serves as an alternative space for family engagement.
Prenatal diagnostics in TESA/PESA pregnancies in Denmark 1995-2007: a shift from invasive procedures to nuchal translucency examination (2011)

Evidently, children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at an increased risk of having sex chromosomal abnormalities. Here we evaluate the change in methods used for prenatal diagnostics in patients having ICSI with epididymal or testicular sperm from the introduction of the procedure in 1995 until December 2007. Four hundred and fifty pregnancies resulted in the birth of 553 children. Of the Danish subpopulation 115 (34.2%) received nuchal translucency examination (NT) and 43 (12.8%) received invasive prenatal diagnostics (IPD). IPD was carried out in 11 out of 23 couples (48%) during the period 1995-1998. Since 2002, less than 10% chose to receive IPD. Twenty-one (57%) of 37 Danish women 37-44 years of age underwent IPD compared to only 22 (7.4%) of the 299 women less than 37 years of age (p < 0.001). Conversely, since 1999 the use of NT has gradually increased to a frequency of 88.9% in 2007. The partners of vasectomized men had significantly more often NT performed compared to those of non-vasectomized men. IPD were not otherwise associated with the etiology of azoospermia. This study documents a shift in prenatal diagnostics from IPD to NT for testicular sperm aspiration/percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (TESA/PESA) couples.
A Novel Cascade Binary Tagging Framework for Relational Triple Extraction (2019)

Extracting relational triples from unstructured text is crucial for large-scale knowledge graph construction. However, few existing works excel in solving the overlapping triple problem where multiple relational triples in the same sentence share the same entities. In this work, we introduce a fresh perspective to revisit the relational triple extraction task and propose a novel cascade binary tagging framework (CasRel) derived from a principled problem formulation. Instead of treating relations as discrete labels as in previous works, our new framework models relations as functions that map subjects to objects in a sentence, which naturally handles the overlapping problem. Experiments show that the CasRel framework already outperforms state-of-the-art methods even when its encoder module uses a randomly initialized BERT encoder, showing the power of the new tagging framework. It enjoys further performance boost when employing a pre-trained BERT encoder, outperforming the strongest baseline by 17.5 and 30.2 absolute gain in F1-score on two public datasets NYT and WebNLG, respectively. In-depth analysis on different scenarios of overlapping triples shows that the method delivers consistent performance gain across all these scenarios. The source code and data are released online.
Human antibodies against noncircumsporozoite proteins block Plasmodium falciparum parasite development in hepatocytes (2022)

Sporozoite-based approaches currently represent the most effective vaccine strategies for induction of sterile protection against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria. Clinical development of subunit vaccines is almost exclusively centered on the circum-sporozoite protein (CSP), an abundantly expressed protein on the sporozoite membrane. Anti-CSP antibodies are able to block sporozoite invasion and development in human hepatocytes and subsequently prevent clinical malaria. Here, we have investigated whether sporozoite-induced human antibodies with specificities different from CSP can reduce Pf-liver stage development. IgG preparations were obtained from 12 volunteers inoculated with a protective immunization regime of whole sporozoites under chloroquine prophylaxis. These IgGs were depleted for CSP specificity by affinity chromatography. Recovered non-CSP antibodies were tested for sporozoite membrane binding and for functional inhibition of sporozoite invasion of a human hepatoma cell line and hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Postimmunization IgGs depleted for CS specificity of 9 of 12 donors recognized sporozoite surface antigens. Samples from 5 of 12 donors functionally reduced parasite-liver cell invasion or development using the hepatoma cell line HC-04 and FRG-huHep mice containing human liver cells. The combined data provide clear evidence that non-CSP proteins, as yet undefined, do represent antibody targets for functional immunity against Pf parasites responsible for malaria.
Zoom in on neurodegeneration (2006)

Despite the existence of several scientific journals that publish research papers and reviews related to neurodegenerative diseases, a journal specifically devoted to the molecular and cellular aspects of disease mechanisms is lacking. Molecular Neurodegeneration is an open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal created to publish original research articles that address i) the mechanisms of neurodegeneration at the cellular, subcellular and molecular levels and ii) potential therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases. Through publication of reviews, editorial commentaries, and meeting reports, Molecular Neurodegeneration will also provide a forum to enhance the exchange of ideas and promote debate that is essential for scientific progress. Molecular Neurodegeneration will enable scientists to rapidly communicate their important research discoveries to their colleagues around the world.
A molecular cell atlas of the human lung from single cell RNA sequencing (2019)

Abstract Although single cell RNA sequencing studies have begun providing compendia of cell expression profiles, it has proven more difficult to systematically identify and localize all molecular cell types in individual organs to create a full molecular cell atlas. Here we describe droplet- and plate-based single cell RNA sequencing applied to ∼75,000 human lung and blood cells, combined with a multi-pronged cell annotation approach, which have allowed us to define the gene expression profiles and anatomical locations of 58 cell populations in the human lung, including 41 of 45 previously known cell types or subtypes and 14 new ones. This comprehensive molecular atlas elucidates the biochemical functions of lung cell types and the cell-selective transcription factors and optimal markers for making and monitoring them; defines the cell targets of circulating hormones and predicts local signaling interactions including sources and targets of chemokines in immune cell trafficking and expression changes on lung homing; and identifies the cell types directly affected by lung disease genes and respiratory viruses. Comparison to mouse identified 17 molecular types that appear to have been gained or lost during lung evolution and others whose expression profiles have been substantially altered, revealing extensive plasticity of cell types and cell-type-specific gene expression during organ evolution including expression switches between cell types. This atlas provides the molecular foundation for investigating how lung cell identities, functions, and interactions are achieved in development and tissue engineering and altered in disease and evolution.
Prolonged Detection of Zika Virus RNA in Pregnant Women (2016)

Zika virus RNA was detected in the serum of five pregnant women beyond the previously estimated timeframe. Additional real-time RT-PCR testing of pregnant women might provide more data about prolonged detection of Zika virus RNA and the possible diagnostic, epidemiologic, and clinical implications for pregnant women.
Topology‐Controlled Hydration of Polymer Network in Hydrogels for Solar‐Driven Wastewater Treatment (2020)

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation provides a promising method for sustainable freshwater production. However, high energy consumption of vapor generation fundamentally restricts practicality of solar-driven wastewater treatment. Here a facile strategy is reported to control the hydration of polymer network in hydrogels, where densely cross-linked polymers serving as a framework are functionalized by a highly hydratable polymeric network. The hydration of polymer chains generates a large amount of weakly bounded water molecules, facilitating the water evaporation. As a result, the hydrogel-based solar evaporator can extract water from a variety of contaminants such as salts, detergents, and heavy metal components using solar energy with long-term durability and stability. This work demonstrates an effective way to tune the interaction between water and materials at a molecular level, as well as an energy-efficient water treatment technology toward wastewater containing complex contaminants.
New MMF and VCSEL Metrics for System Reach Predictions (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. Molin, M. Bigot-Astruc, and P. Sillard, "New MMF and VCSEL Metrics for System Reach Predictions," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper Th3C.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Quantum dot activated indium gallium nitride on silicon as photoanode for solar hydrogen generation (2019)

Abstract Nitride alloys are considered potential candidates as photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here we show an In 0.25 Ga 0.75 N layer activated by indium nitride quantum dots as efficient photoanode for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation by water splitting when directly grown on cheap silicon (111) substrates. Photocurrent measurements show more than five times enhancement by the indium nitride quantum dots compared to a bare In 0.25 Ga 0.75 N-on-silicon photoanode. The maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency is 44% at 550 nm at 0.4 V, the applied-bias photon-to-current efficiency is 4.1% and the hydrogen and oxygen generation rates are 75 µmol h −1 cm −2 and 33 µmol h −1 cm −2 at 0.2 V under 100 mW cm −2 white light illumination.
Measurement of theB0andB+meson masses fromB0→ψ(′)KS0andB+→ψ(′)K+decays (2000)

Using a sample of $9.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ meson pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we have fully reconstructed 135 ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{{(}^{\ensuremath{'}})}{K}_{S}^{0}$ and 526 ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{{(}^{\ensuremath{'}})}{K}^{+}$ candidates with very low background. We fitted the ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{{(}^{\ensuremath{'}})}K$ invariant mass distributions of these $B$ meson candidates and measured the masses of the neutral and charged $B$ mesons to be ${M(B}^{0})=5279.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7[\mathrm{stat}]\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3[\mathrm{}\mathrm{syst}]\mathrm{MeV}{/c}^{2}$ and ${M(B}^{+})=5279.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4[\mathrm{stat}]\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4[\mathrm{}\mathrm{syst}]\mathrm{MeV}{/c}^{2}.$ The precision is a significant improvement over previous measurements.
Immunity to Plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice. II. Specific and nonspecific cellular and humoral responses during the course of infection. (1978)

The kinetics of various specific and nonspecific immunologic responses were examined in BALB/c mice infected with 17X nonlethal Plasmodium berghei yoelii (a self-limiting infection). The sequence of events after infection was characterized by rapid sensitization of splenic T cells to malaria antigen and polyclonal B cell activation, followed by a period of depressed splenic proliferative responses in vitro to mitogens (PHA and LPS) and malaria (specific) antigen. At the same time, suppressed primary in vitro splenic PFC responses to trinitrophenyl-aminoethylcarbamylmethyl-Ficoll (TNP-F) were seen. This suppression was an active process requiring adherent cells. During this period, levels of antimalarial antibody also increased exponentially. As the infection was cleared, splenic malaria antigen-specific proliferative responses were again observed and splenic PFC and in vitro mitogen responses returned to preinfection levels after variable periods of time. Both splenic proliferative responses to malaria antigen and antimalarial antibody responses remained persistently elevated. In addition, some responses were examined in mice infected with 17X lethal P.b. yoelii (a fatal infection); in comparison to the early responses of mice infected with the nonlethal substrain, there was a decrease and delay in the development of a splenic T cell response to malaria antigen and a blunted antimalarial antibody response.