gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening pulmonary hypertension by lung doppler signal: A proof-of-concept study (2015)

Macrophages activated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon (IFN)-γ, are potently and broadly microbicidal. <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> causes Legionnaires’ Disease via replication within host macrophages using an arsenal of hundreds of translocated virulence factors termed effector proteins. Effectors are critical for intracellular replication but can also enhance pathogen clearance in mammalian hosts via effector-triggered immunity. The effector LegC4 confers a fitness disadvantage on <i>L. pneumophila</i> in mouse models of Legionnaires’ Disease and uniquely potentiates the antimicrobial activity of macrophages activated with either TNF or IFN-γ. We found that LegC4 binds proteasome activator (PA)28α, a subunit of the PA28αβ (11S) proteasome regulator, and that the LegC4 restriction phenotype is abolished within PA28αβ-deficient macrophages. PA28αβ facilitates ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of oxidant-damaged proteins. Impaired proteasome activity results in compensatory upregulation of lysosomal degradation pathways to relieve oxidative proteotoxic stress. We found that LegC4 impairs the resolution of oxidative proteotoxic stress and enhances phagolysosomal fusion with the <i>Legionella</i>-containing vacuole. PA28αβ has been traditionally associated with antigen presentation and adaptive immunity; however, our data support a model whereby suppression of PA28αβ by LegC4 impairs resolution of oxidative proteotoxic stress, which culminates in lysosomal killing of <i>L. pneumophila</i> within activated macrophages. This work provides a solid foundation on which to evaluate induced proteasome regulators as mediators of cell-autonomous immunity. This work is supported by NIH grant P20GM130448.
Das Verhalten rostfreier Stahlgußlegierungen unter gleichzeitiger mechanischer und korrosiver Belastung (1980)

Abstract 13%‐Cr‐Stähle zeigen in Lösungen mit 3000 mg B/1 (als Borsäure, H 3 BO 3 ) und unterschiedlichen Chloridgehalten Lochkorrosion bis herab zu Konzentrationen von 1 mg Cl − /1. Bei mechanischer Zugbeanspruchung treten gleichzeitig Risse auf. 17%‐Cr‐Stähle sind erwartungsgemäß beständiger und ferritisch‐austenitische Stähle zeigen in 3% NaCl‐Lösung auch im 10 000 h‐Versuch keine Korrosionsrisse. Generell steigt die Beständigkeit mit zunehmendem Anteil an ferritbildenden Elementen. Die Korrosionsrisse werden als anodische Spannungsrißkorrosion interpretiert. Kerbschlagbiegeversuche mit wasserstoffbeladenen Proben ergeben eine Abnahme des Verformungsvermögens.
Isolation and primary structures of elephant adrenocorticotropin and β‐lipotropin (1988)

Adrenocorticotropin and beta-lipotropin have been isolated and purified from elephant pituitary glands. The primary structures of these two hormones were determined by amino acid and sequence analyses of enzymatically cleaved peptides from the hormones. Peptide purification involved the use of gel filtration, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, and paper electrophoresis.
Effect of Microbubble Incorporation on Local Solute Transport in Tissue Engineered Cartilage Constructs (2012)

Previously, microbubbles have been studied for a number of different medical applications including ultrasound imaging contrast and drug delivery [1]. Microbubbles are comprised of a gas enclosed in a lipid shell. Recent research has shown that the inclusion of microbubbles in tissue engineered cartilage constructs has been shown to enhance mechanical and biochemical growth [2,3]. This modification of the tissue engineering scaffold by incorporation of gas-filled microbubbles has been shown to homogenize depth-dependent mechanical properties (Fig. 1) [3], which, in standard constructs, resembles a “U-shaped” strain profile with the stiffest regions on the edges surrounding a soft center [4]. In addition, these microbubble containing constructs are described by a higher partition coefficient than standard constructs, indicating increased solute transport [3]. These results led us to propose the hypothesis that the incorporation of microbubbles: a) increases nutrient transport upon microbubble dissolution, b) creates fluid-filled pores upon gas efflux and subsequent influx of culture media [3]. In this study, the aforementioned hypothesis is interrogated through analysis of local solute diffusivity.
A Temperature Compensated Ultrasonic Sensor Operating in Air for Distance and Proximity Measurements (1982)

An ultrasonic sensor operating in air was developed to measure distance (up to 100 cm) or to operate as a proximity sensor in a presettable distance range. The error in the measured distance is about ±1 mm while the accuracy is maintained within ±1 percent of the reading in the whole temperature range from -20°C to +110°C, being the temperature dependence of the sound velocity electronically compensated. As a proximity sensor it can overcome most of the drawbacks and limitations of inductive, capacitive, optical, and Hall-effect commercial proximity sensors.
T cell regulation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. I. Isolation of Type II collagen-reactive T cell hybridomas with specific cytotoxic function. (1990)

After immunization with native type II collagen (CII), susceptible strains of mice (H-2q) develop a polyarthritis that mimics rheumatoid arthritis. Although the underlying mechanisms are still undefined, T cells and particularly CD4+ lymphocytes seem to play a crucial role in the initiation of collagen-induced arthritis. To investigate whether CD8+ cells may participate in the pathogenesis of the disease, we have generated lines and clones of cytotoxic T cell hybridomas reactive to CII by fusion of lymph node and spleen cells from bovine native CII-primed C3H.Q (H-2q) mice and the AKR-derived thymoma cell line BW 5147. Clones were selected for their ability to lyse syngeneic macrophages pulsed with bovine native CII in an Ag-dependent manner. The two hybrid clones that were characterized, exhibited cell surface phenotypes of cytotoxic cells and reacted with CII purified from various species. However, each of them recognized different determinants on the CII molecule. P3G8 clone was specific for an epitope shared by CII and type XI collagen, whereas P2D9 clone reacted with CII and type IX collagen. Both hybridomas recognized CII-pulsed targets in association with H-2Kq molecules. These data indicate that the two CII-specific cytotoxic clones recognize different epitopes that are shared by other articular collagens and will allow us to test their influence on the development of arthritis in vivo.
Nalmefene: a new approach to the treatment of alcohol dependence (2014)

Reduction of alcohol consumption is not yet a widely accepted treatment objective for alcohol-dependent patients, as abstinence is often considered to be the only possible objective in this situation. However, various studies have demonstrated the value of proposing these two options to such patients. Firstly, reduction of alcohol consumption very significantly reduces the risk of alcohol-related damage, and also modifies the patient's and the doctor's perception of the disease, resulting in improved access to care and better patient adherence with the proposed treatment objective and consequently better clinical results. Recent studies have shown that some medicinal products can help patients reduce their alcohol consumption. One such product, nalmefene, has been granted European marketing authorization and is now being released onto the market in various countries. The ESENSE 1 and 2 studies in alcohol-dependent patients showed that, in combination with BRENDA, a psychosocial intervention focusing on reinforcement of motivation and treatment adherence, nalmefene significantly reduced the number of heavy drinking days and mean daily total alcohol consumption versus placebo. This reduction was more marked in the marketing authorization target population, ie, patients with a high or very high drinking risk level according to World Health Organization criteria. Another original feature of this molecule is that it can be used as needed if the patient perceives a risk of drinking, which is a more flexible approach and more likely to ensure the patient's active involvement in the treatment of his/her disease. This molecule opens up interesting and original therapeutic prospects in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Combining Model-Based and Model-Free Methods for Nonlinear Control: A Provably Convergent Policy Gradient Approach (2020)

Model-free learning-based control methods have seen great success recently. However, such methods typically suffer from poor sample complexity and limited convergence guarantees. This is in sharp contrast to classical model-based control, which has a rich theory but typically requires strong modeling assumptions. In this paper, we combine the two approaches to achieve the best of both worlds. We consider a dynamical system with both linear and non-linear components and develop a novel approach to use the linear model to define a warm start for a model-free, policy gradient method. We show this hybrid approach outperforms the model-based controller while avoiding the convergence issues associated with model-free approaches via both numerical experiments and theoretical analyses, in which we derive sufficient conditions on the non-linear component such that our approach is guaranteed to converge to the (nearly) global optimal controller.
Fractography of Laser Welds (1981)

A series of high-strength alloys has been laser-beam welded in thicknesses of up to 1.27 cm (0.5 in.). These welds in steels, a titanium alloy, and an aluminum alloy have been tested for their mechanical properties, fracture toughnesses, and hardness. The microstructures of these weldments have been determined in the base plate, heat-affected zone, and fusion area. The fractographic features for each alloy have been determined and correlated with the weldment's properties and structures.
Using Collaborative Tagging for Text Classification: From Text Classification to Opinion Mining (2013)

Numerous initiatives have allowed users to share knowledge or opinions using collaborative platforms. In most cases, the users provide a textual description of their knowledge, following very limited or no constraints. Here, we tackle the classification of documents written in such an environment. As a use case, our study is made in the context of text mining evaluation campaign material, related to the classification of cooking recipes tagged by users from a collaborative website. This context makes some of the corpus specificities difficult to model for machine-learning-based systems and keyword or lexical-based systems. In particular, different authors might have different opinions on how to classify a given document. The systems presented hereafter were submitted to the D´Efi Fouille de Textes 2013 evaluation campaign, where they obtained the best overall results, ranking first on task 1 and second on task 2. In this paper, we explain our approach for building relevant and effective systems dealing with such a corpus.
Weiterentwicklung eines digitalen Korrelators für ein Apertursynthese-Radiometer (2004)

Theoretische Grundlagen zur Apertursynthese-Radiometrie und zur digitalen Signalkorrelation werden erläutert. Das Konzept des entwickelten Digitalkorrelators wird vorgestellt. Messergebnisse werden mit theoretischen Erwartungen verglichen und bewertet.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Solution Redox Properties of (trimpsi)M(CO)2(NO) Complexes [M = V, Nb, Ta; trimpsi = tBuSi(CH2PMe2)3] (2002)

Treatment of [Et(4)N][M(CO)(6)] (M = Nb, Ta) with I(2) in DME at -78 degrees C produces solutions of the bimetallic anions [M(2micro-I)(3)(CO)(8)](-). Addition of the tripodal phosphine (t)BuSi(CH(2)PMe(2))(3) (trimpsi) followed by refluxing affords (trimpsi)M(CO)(3)I [M = Nb (1), Ta (2)], which are isolable in good yields as air-stable, orange-red microcrystalline solids. Reduction of these complexes with 2 equiv of Na/Hg, followed by treatment with Diazald in THF, results in the formation of (trimpsi)M(CO)(2)(NO) [M = Nb (3), Ta (4)] in high isolated yields. The congeneric vanadium complex, (trimpsi)V(CO)(2)(NO) (5), can be prepared by reacting [Et(4)N][V(CO)(6)] with [NO][BF(4)] in CH(2)Cl(2) to form V(CO)(5)(NO). These solutions are treated with 1 equiv of trimpsi to obtain (eta(2)-trimpsi)V(CO)(3)(NO). Refluxing orange THF solutions of this material affords 5 in moderate yields. Reaction of (trimpsi)VCl(3)(THF) (6) with 4 equiv of sodium naphthalenide in THF in the presence of excess CO provides [Et(4)N][(trimpsi)V(CO)(3)] (7), (trimpsi)V(CO)(3)H, and [(trimpsi)V(micro-Cl)(3)V(trimpsi)][(eta(2)-trimpsi)V(CO)(4)].3THF ([8][9].3THF). All new complexes have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods, and the solid-state molecular structures of 2.(1)/(2)THF, 3-5, and [8][9].3THF have been established by X-ray diffraction analyses. The solution redox properties of 3-5 have also been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms of 3 and 4 both exhibit an irreversible oxidation feature in CH(2)Cl(2) (E(p,a) = -0.71 V at 0.5 V/s for 3, while E(p,a) = -0.55 V at 0.5 V/s for 4), while cyclic voltammograms of 5 in CH(2)Cl(2) show a reversible oxidation feature (E(1/2) = -0.74 V) followed by an irreversible feature (0.61 V at 0.5 V/s). The reversible feature corresponds to the formation of the 17e cation [(trimpsi)V(CO)(2)(NO)](+) ([5](+)()), and the irreversible feature likely involves the oxidation of [5](+)() to an unstable 16e dication. Treatment of 5 with [Cp(2)Fe][BF(4)] in CH(2)Cl(2) generates [5][BF(4)], which slowly decomposes once formed. Nevertheless, [5][BF(4)] has been characterized by IR and ESR spectroscopies.
Tuning the Hydration Acceleration Efficiency of Calcium Carbonate by Pre-Seeding with Calcium Silicate Hydrate (2022)

Nanomaterials are promising candidates for refined performance optimization of cementitious materials. In recent years, numerous studies about the performance improvement of nanomaterials using polymers have been conducted, but the modification of cement-oriented nanomaterials with inorganic modifiers is seldom assessed. In this study, we explored the performance tuning and optimization of nanomaterials by inorganic modification. In this work, hydration acceleration efficiency of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>, CC) was tuned via surface deposition with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) nanogel through seeding. Multiple calcium carbonate-calcium silicate hydrate (CC-CSH) samples with varying degrees of surface modification were prepared via dosage control. According to characterizations, the degree of C-S-H modification on the CaCO<sub>3</sub> surface has a maximum that is controlled by available surface space. Once the available space is depleted, excessive C-S-H turns into free form and causes adhesion between CC-CSH particles. The resultant CC-CSH samples in this work showed enhanced hydration acceleration efficiency that is tuned by the actual degree of C-S-H modification. Elevated C-S-H modification causes CC-CSH's acceleration behavior to shift to enhanced early-age acceleration. According to mortar strength tests, CC-CSH with 5% C-S-H modification showed the most balanced performance, while CC-CSH with higher C-S-H modification showed faster early-age strength development at the cost of lower later-age strength. The inferior later-age strength of highly C-S-H-modified CC-CSH samples may be due to the coarsening of hydration products and stiffening of their network, as well as agglomeration caused by C-S-H adhesion. This study may offer a novel route for performance tuning of cement-oriented nanomaterials.
Defining and exploring the excessive healthcare burden of adrenal insufficiency (2015)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Drug release from core-shell type nanoparticles of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-grafted dextran (2005)

This study prepared core-shell type nanoparticles of a poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran. The synthesis of the PLGA-dextran conjugate was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PLGA grafted-dextran was able to form nanoparticles in water by self-assembly and their particle size was 245.3 +/- 95.1 nm. From fluorescence probe study using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe, critical association concentration (CAC) values were determined from the fluorescence excitation spectra and were found to be 0.006 g l(-1). Morphological observations using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the polymeric nanoparticles of the PLGA-dextran conjugate have uniformly spherical shapes. Their size and morphology provide them with acceptable properties for use as a drug-targeting carriers. Drug release from core-shell type nanoparticles was faster in the presence of dextranase, indicating that core-shell type nanoparticles of PLGA grafted-dextran can be used as an oral drug carriers.
Integrated stereotaxic imaging with CT, MR imaging, and digital subtraction angiography. (1986)

A stereotaxic frame, compatible with digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is described along with a set of software programs that run in an independent imaging computer system, as well as in the computers associated with each modality. Plexiglas plates fastened to the sides of the frame contain fiducial markers that can be recognized in the images and from which the section position and in-plane coordinates of any point in the image relative to the frame may be determined. Coordinate measurements of isolated point targets may be made to an accuracy of better than +/- 1 mm within a 15-cm field of view in the plane of the section or projection on all modalities. The stereotaxic system is of sufficiently high accuracy to be used on a routine clinical basis with one or more of the above modalities.
Web-Karma: v2.030 Patch 3 - Handles missing columns (2014)

Patch to v2.030 to handle missing columns. If a column is missing, but being used in a command, it creates a new column with empty values so the command can succeed.
Expression of a fms-related oncogene in carcinogen-induced neoplastic epithelial cells. (1987)

Following carcinogen exposure in vitro, normal rat tracheal epithelial cells are transformed in a multistage process in which the cultured cells become immortal and, ultimately, neoplastic. Five cell lines derived from tumors produced by neoplastically transformed rat tracheal epithelial cells were examined for the expression of 11 cellular oncogenes previously implicated in pulmonary or epithelial carcinogenesis. RNA homologous to fms was expressed at a level 5-19 times higher than normal tracheal epithelial cells in three of five of the tumor-derived lines. All three lines expressing high levels of fms-related RNA gave rise to invasive tumors of epithelial origin when injected into nude mice. Increased expression of the fms-related mRNA was not due to gene amplification, and no gene rearrangement was detected by Southern analyses. RNA blot analysis using a 3' v-fms probe detected a 9.5-kilobase message in the three tumor-derived lines, whereas both normal rat alveolar macrophages and the human choriocarcinoma line BeWo expressed a fms transcript of approximately 4 kilobases. We conclude from these data that the gene expressed as a 9.5-kilobase transcript in these neoplastic epithelial cells is a member of a fms-related gene family but may be distinct from the gene that encodes the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) receptor.
Efficacy of Screening Mammography Among Women Aged 40 to 49 Years and 50 to 69 Years: Comparison of Relative and Absolute Benefit (1997)

In randomized controlled trials, screening mammography has been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer about 25% to 30% among women aged 50 to 69 years after only five to six years from the initiation of screening. Among women aged 40 to 49 years, trials have reported no reduction in breast cancer mortality after seven to nine years from the initiation of screening; after 10 to 14 years there is a 16% reduction in breast cancer mortality. Given that the incidence of breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years is lower and the potential benefit from mammography screening smaller and delayed, the absolute number of deaths prevented by screening women aged 40 to 49 years is much less than in screening women aged 50 to 69 years. Because the absolute benefit of screening women aged 40 to 49 years is small and there is concern that the harms are substantial, the focus should be to help these women make informed decisions about screening mammography by educating them of their true risk of breast cancer and the potential benefits and risks of screening.
Long-term Effect of a Low-fat, High-carbohydrate Diet on Plasma Lipids of Patients Affected by Familial Endogenous Hypertriglyceridemia1,2 (1988)

Cominacini, L; Zocca, I; Garbin, U; Davoli, A; Compri, R; Brunetti, L; Bosello, O Author Information
Cellulases from Thermophilic Fungi: Recent Insights and Biotechnological Potential (2011)

Thermophilic fungal cellulases are promising enzymes in protein engineering efforts aimed at optimizing industrial processes, such as biomass degradation and biofuel production. The cloning and expression in recent years of new cellulase genes from thermophilic fungi have led to a better understanding of cellulose degradation in these species. Moreover, crystal structures of thermophilic fungal cellulases are now available, providing insights into their function and stability. The present paper is focused on recent progress in cloning, expression, regulation, and structure of thermophilic fungal cellulases and the current research efforts to improve their properties for better use in biotechnological applications.
A web-based power flow simulator for power engineering education (2003)

This paper discusses a prototype software package that includes a web-based power flow simulator and a Java-based graphical user interface (GUI) that may be used as a flexible and portable independent front-end for teaching power system operation and control. A setup which provides an interactive distance learning environment capability is also included. Lecturers are given the ability to plan and design new power system scenarios easily, while students will work with these designed scenarios. All that is required is any Java-enabled terminal connected to the Internet. A six-bus, two generator system under light, medium and peak load conditions is used to illustrate the underlying principles of power system operation and control. The power flow simulator, Java GUI and their interfaces, have been implemented using software technologies such as Abstract Window Tools (AWT) and Java Foundation Classes (JFC) and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (OMG's CORBA).