gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Nickel Phosphide Nanocatalysts Supported on Carbon Fiber Paper for Highly Efficient and Stable Overall Water Splitting (2016)

Self‐supported electrodes comprising carbon fiber paper (CP) integrated with bifunctional nickel phosphide (Ni‐P) electrocatalysts are fabricated by electrodeposition of Ni on functionalized CP, followed by a convenient one‐step phosphorization treatment in phosphorus vapor at 500 °C. The as‐fabricated CP@Ni‐P electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution in both acidic and alkaline solutions, with only small overpotentials of 162 and 250 mV, respectively, attaining a cathodic current density of 100 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, the CP@Ni‐P electrode also exhibits superior catalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). An exceptionally high OER current of 50.4 mA cm −2 is achieved at an overpotential of 0.3 V in 1.0 m KOH. The electrode can sustain 10 mA cm −2 for 180 h with only negligible degradation, showing outstanding durability. Detailed microstructural and compositional studies reveal that upon OER in alkaline solution the surface Ni‐P is transformed to NiO covered with a thin Ni(OH) x layer, forming a Ni‐P/NiO/Ni(OH) x heterojunction, which presumably enhances the electrocatalytic performance for OER. Given the well‐defined bifunctionality, a full alkaline electrolyzer is constructed using two identical CP@Ni‐P electrodes as cathode and anode, respectively, which can realize overall water splitting with efficiency as high as 91.0% at 10 mA cm −2 for 100 h.
231 DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF LICIT AND ILLICIT DRUGS IN SERUM BY ToF-SIMS (1997)

1Laboratoire d'Analyse des Matériaux, Centre Universitaire de Luxembourg, 162A av. de la Faïencerie, L-1511 LUXEMBOURG 2Division de Toxicologie, Laboratoire Nationale de Santé, Centre Universitaire de Luxembourg, 162A av. de la Faïencerie, L-1511 LUXEMBOURG
Rechargeable Mg-Ion Batteries Based on WSe2 Nanowire Cathodes (2013)

The increasing interest in future energy storage technologies has generated the urgent need for alternative rechargeable magnesium ion batteries due to their innate merits in terms of raw abundance, theoretical capacity, and operational safety. Herein, we report an alternative pathway to a new energy storage regime: toward advanced rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries based on WSe2 nanowire-assembled film cathodes. The as-grown electrodes delivered efficient Mg(2+) intercalation/insertion activity, excellent cycling life, enhanced specific capacity, and excellent rate capability. We also evaluated the influence of Mg-intercalation behavior on Mg-ion batteries based on WSe2 film cathodes via the first-principles DFT computations. The results reveal the feasibility of using advanced magnesium-ion batteries based on WSe2 film as energy storage components in next-generation optoelectronic systems.
Recovery of 3%-Enriched Uranium by Means of a Chemical Method (1984)

Continuous bench-plant operation for ∼4 months has resulted in the first recovery of 3 %-enriched uranium by means of a chemical-exchange process. This confirms the reduced development time and uranium adsorption band stability predicted by mathematical models, which are derived by application of mass transfer concepts to redox chromatography and extension of addition reaction equilibrium equations to include multiphase systems. Furthermore, it confirms the achievement of a reduction in stage time by >103 through catalytic acceleration of the isotope-exchange rate and employment of an adsorbent with a high adsorption/desorption rate.
Computerized Drilling Control (1969)

An on-site computer system to control bit weight and rotary speed has been developed and successfully installed on a South Louisiana well. Early field tests indicate that the system could be invaluable in reducing drilling costs. Introduction Previous laboratory and field experimentation has Previous laboratory and field experimentation has demonstrated the effect of several variables on drilling rate. These results have been incorporated into optimization theories for the purpose of reducing drilling cost. Minimum-cost drilling theories rely on a combination of historical data and empirical prediction techniques for selecting optimum bit weight and rotary speed. Past solutions have required extensive use of computing equipment because of both the complexity of the mathematical formulations and the large number of parameters involved. Field attempts to apply these computed results have frequently failed because of the uncertainty of input data requirements. Humble has developed an on-site computer system to control bit weight and rotary speed and thereby implement the concepts of minimum-cost drilling. This system can perform short interval drilling rate tests for formation evaluation, use the results of these tests as input information to solve minimum-cost drilling formulas, and control bit weight and rotary speed in accordance with these computed solutions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the computer control system and present results of initial field testing. Theoretical Considerations Minimum-cost drilling (MCD) requires a quantitative evaluation of the variables involved. Several forms of a basic mathematical model have been suggested. The relationships reported here form the basis for the solution programmed in this work. Four equations are used, expressing drilling rate, bit bearing wear, bit tooth wear, and cost. A solution for minimum-cost drilling assuming constant bit weight and rotary speed over the entire bit life has been programmed for use in computing MCD schedules. This solution is subject to certain limiting assumptions such as those discussed by Graham et al.: Drilling cost is the summation of bit cost, rotating cost, connection cost and hoisting cost. Diamond bits are excluded. Bit life is limited by either bearing failure or tooth wear, or by a combination of operational factors that make it cheaper to pull an incompletely consumed bit. Circulating hydraulics are adequate and do not limit drilling rate. Bit weight considerations exclude hole deviation. Drilling rate is a function of only bit weight, rotary speed, and degree of tooth dullness; that is, the effects of pressure, lithology, fluid property, hydraulics and drill string dynamics are ignored. JPT P. 483
SERS Nanoprobe for Intracellular Monitoring of Viral Mutations (2020)

Gold nanostars, functionalized with thiolated DNA hairpins bearing a Raman-active fluorescent dye at the 3′ terminus, were engineered to identify and quantify RNA mutations in the influenza A virus (IAV) genome employing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The DNA hairpin structure was designed to selectively extend/fold in the absence/presence of the viral RNA targets, resulting in the fluorophore being brought away from or close to the gold nanostar surface, leading to an “OFF-ON” switching of the SERS signal. Validation of the switchable SERS nanostar probes was first carried out in buffer, showing that the detection is sequence-specific and that the high sensitivity provided by these SERS probes allows target detection at the single particle level. We also demonstrate that the degree of signal recovery can be closely correlated with the number of genetic mutations. Further experiments carried out with HeLa cell lysate spiked with RNA oligonucleotides demonstrate that the functionality of these nanoprobes were not detrimentally affected by the complex matrix. As a proof of concept, we also tested these nanoparticle probes in vitro by specifically targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) segment in live HeLa cells transfected with plasmids coding for either HA or two other IAV segments, PB1 and PB2, as negative controls. The intracellular SERS response in individual transfected HeLa cells demonstrates high sequence-selectivity of the probes for the HA segment, suggesting the applicability of these probes for multiplexed detection and quantification of viral RNAs in individual cells with an approach that can account for the viral population diversity. This also represents the first time that molecular beacon-based SERS probes have been employed to detect viral RNA target in intact individual cells.
Statistical Methods for Assessing Differences in False Non-Match Rates Across Demographic Groups (2022)

Biometric recognition is used across a variety of applications from cyber security to border security. Recent research has focused on ensuring biometric performance (false negatives and false positives) is fair across demographic groups. While there has been significant progress on the development of metrics, the evaluation of the performance across groups, and the mitigation of any problems, there has been little work incorporating statistical variation. This is important because differences among groups can be found by chance when no difference is present. In statistics this is called a Type I error. Differences among groups may be due to sampling variation or they may be due to actual difference in system performance. Discriminating between these two sources of error is essential for good decision making about fairness and equity. This paper presents two novel statistical approaches for assessing fairness across demographic groups. The first methodology is a bootstrapped-based hypothesis test, while the second is simpler test methodology focused upon non-statistical audience. For the latter we present the results of a simulation study about the relationship between the margin of error and factors such as number of subjects, number of attempts, correlation between attempts, underlying false non-match rates(FNMR's), and number of groups.
Ultrastable, Redispersible, Small, and Highly Organomodified Mesoporous Silica Nanotherapeutics (2011)

Practical biomedical application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles is limited by poor particle dispersity and stability due to serious irreversible aggregation in biological media. To solve this problem, hydrothermally treated mesoporous silica nanoparticles of small size with dual-organosilane (hydrophilic and hydrophobic silane) surface modification have been synthesized. These highly organomodified mesoporous silica nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N(2) adsorption-desorption, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and solid-state (29)Si NMR, and they prove to be very stable in simulated body fluid at physiological temperature. Additionally, they can be dried to a powdered solid and easily redispersed in biological media, maintaining their small size for a period of at least 15 days. Furthermore, this preparation method can be expanded to synthesize redispersible fluorescent and magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The highly stable and redispersible mesoporous silica NPs show minimal toxicity during in vitro cellular assays. Most importantly, two types of doxorubicin, water-soluble doxorubicin and poorly water-soluble doxorubicin, can be loaded into these highly stable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and these drug-loaded nanoparticles can also be well-redispersed in aqueous solution. Enhanced cytotoxicity to cervical cancer (HeLa) cells was found upon treatment with water-soluble doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles compared to free water-soluble doxorubicin. These results suggest that highly stable, redispersible, and small mesoporous silica nanoparticles are promising agents for in vivo biomedical applications.
Tailoring the Retention of Charged Model Compounds in Polymer Functionalized Paper‐Based Microfluidic Devices (2016)

Studies on the retention of model compounds in tailor‐made microfluidic paper devices using laboratory‐made paper sheets and lithographic polymer deposition for the design of micro­fluidic paper substrate are presented. The capillary‐driven transport of two differently charged dyes (tartrazine, methylene blue) as model molecules is studied under fully wetted conditions. By quantitative retention factor analysis, it is shown that the dye retention can be controlled within the paper channel by the pH and the conductivity of the fluid phase. The retention is further strongly influenced by the application of solutions of just one model dye compared to a mixture of multiple dyes, and the presence of in‐channel defined “polymer patches” (i.e., areas where the paper fibers have been modified with a functional polymer carrying charges prior to the fully wetted flow). Such covalently attached polymer patches can be used easily to concentrate oppositely charged molecules at spatially defined positions within the microfluidic paper. image
On Sensor Data Verification for Participatory Sensing Systems (2013)

In this paper we study the problem of sensor data verification in Participatory Sensing (PS) systems using an air quality/pollution monitoring application as a validation example. Data verification, in the context of PS, consists of the process of detecting and removing spatial outliers to properly reconstruct the variables of interest. We propose, implement, and test a hybrid neighborhood-aware algorithm for outlier detection that considers the uneven spatial density of the users, the number of malicious users, the level of conspiracy, and the lack of accuracy and malfunctioning sensors. The algorithm utilizes the Delaunay triangulation and Gaussian Mixture Models to build neighborhoods based on the spatial and non-spatial attributes of each location. This neighborhood definition allows us to demonstrate that it is not necessary to apply accurate but computationally expensive estimators to the entire dataset to obtain good results, as equally accurate but computationally cheaper methods can also be applied to part of the data and obtain good results as well. Our experimental results show that our hybrid algorithm performs as good as the best estimator while reducing the execution time considerably.
Rise of the Indoor Crowd (2015)

Crowdsourcing is a technology with the potential to revolutionize large-scale data gathering in an extremely cost-effective manner. It provides an unprecedented means of collecting data from the physical world, particularly through the use of modern smartphones, which are equipped with high-resolution cameras and various micro-electrical sensors. In this paper, we address the critical task of reconstructing the indoor interior view of a building from crowdsourced data. We propose, design, and prototype IndoorCrowd2D, a smartphone-empowered crowdsourcing system for indoor scene reconstruction. We first formulate the problem via trackable models and then employ a divide and conquer approach to address the inherently incomplete, opportunistic, and noisy crowdsourced data. By utilizing the image information and sensory data in a coordinated way, our system demonstrates high result-accuracy, as well as allows a gradual build-up procedure of the hallway skeleton. Our evaluation result shows that IndoorCrowd2D achieves a precision around 85%, a 100% recall and a F-score around 95% for reconstructing college buildings from 1,151 datasets uploaded by 25 users. This reveals that our image and sensor hybrid method is more robust to overcome errors and outliers as compared to image-only method.
Investigation on Compact, High Gain Microstrip Antenna Providing Multifrequency Operation (2013)

Simulated and experimental investigations on a compact, single layer and single probe fed circular Microstrip patch antenna with multi-frequency operation are presented in this paper. This novel design is achieved by cutting four rectangular slots at ground plane of Microstrip patch antenna. Generally Microstrip antenna exhibits narrow bandwidth and single or dual frequency operations. After modifications researchers have been able to design the antenna to have broad band, compactness or multi frequency operation or any one of them. However in this paper two characteristics have been achieved simultaneously. One is compactness and other is multi frequency operation. Compared to the conventional circular patch antenna the proposed antenna can achieve 94% size reduction. Septa frequency operation has also been achieved effectively by adjusting the number of circular ring, their size and feed position. Simulated investigations are done by Ansoft Designer software based on method of moment. Measurement is done using standard microwave test bench.
Effect of lymph node dissection on the outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinomas: a meta-analysis (2014)

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library. 6032 patients were included. There was no significant difference in survival between LND and NLND (non-lymph node dissection) among the patients. However, the patients in the LND group had more advanced tumour stages and grades (p < 0.001). In addition, among the muscle-invasive patients, LND demonstrated remarkable CSS improvement compared with NLND (HR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.26-3.80; p = 0.005). Moreover, subgroup analyses found that patients with muscle-invasive UTUC had better CSS (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.45; p < 0.001) than those patients with pN0 compared to pNx (NLND). In terms of RFS, the results showed no difference in the survival rates between pN0 and pNx patients in the subgroup of patients with muscle-invasive UTUC (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.84-2.23; p = 0.19). Our meta-analysis supports that LND may prolong the CSS and RFS of UTUC, especially for patients with muscle-invasive UTUC.
Identification of components and metabolites in plasma of type 2 diabetic rat after oral administration of Jiao‐Tai‐Wan using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2020)

Jiao-Tai-Wan, which is composed of Coptis Rhizoma and Cinnamon Cortex, has been recently used to treat type 2 diabetes. Owing to lack of data on its prototypes and metabolites, elucidation of the pharmacological and clinically safe levels of this formula has been significantly hindered. To screen more potential bioactive components of Jiao-Tai-Wan, we identified its multiple prototypes and metabolites in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 47 compounds were identified in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats, including 22 prototypes and 25 metabolites, with alkaloids constituting the majority of the absorbed prototype components. In addition, this is the first study to detect vanillic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 2-methoxy cinnamic acid after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan. The prototypes from Jiao-Tai-Wan were extensively metabolized by demethylation, hydroxylation, and reduction in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions and by methylation or conjugation of glucuronide or sulfate in phase Ⅱ reactions. This is the first systematic study on the components and metabolic profiles of Jiao-Tai-Wan in vivo. This study provides a useful chemical basis for further pharmacological research and clinical application of Jiao-Tai-Wan.
Theory of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical waveguides (1980)

We present an approximate theory of nonlinear pulse propagation in homogeneous and inhomogeneous waveguides. Our analysis takes account of physical effects arising from transverse confinement, dispersion, and nonlinearity. We find that both bright and dark solitons may be supported by typical waveguides under a variety of conditions. Moreover, it is possible to achieve a condition of “zero dispersion,” in which a soliton of arbitrarily small amplitude may be propagated, independent of pulsewidth. In the presence of weak longitudinal inhomogeneity, we find that solitions continue to propagate without a change of shape, but that their group velocity becomes time dependent.
Recent progress in heterodyne/coherent optical-fiber communications (1984)

Research and development of heterodyne/coherent optical-fiber communications are being accelerated because of the possibility of 20-30-dB receiver sensitivity improvement. In this paper, after brief descriptions of the history of the R & D and the classification of various techniques, recent achievements in the bit-error rate (BER) measurement of heterodyne/coherent systems are reviewed and compared with theory. The experimental systems described range from simple on-off-keying (PCM-PSK) heterodyne to sophisticated phase-shift keying (PCM-PSK) heterodyne or homodyne systems.
Differences and Associations of NLRP3 Inflammasome Levels with Interleukins 1α, 1β, 33 and 37 in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2023)

Inflammasome activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) has been observed to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases, including prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Varying levels of glycemia can trigger inflammasome activation; yet, limited studies have reported the associations between NLRP3 levels or other circulating interleukins (ILs) and glycemic status. This study investigated the differences and associations between serum levels of NLRP3 and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33 and IL-37 in Arab adults with PD and T2DM. A total of 407 Saudi adults (151 males and 256 females) (mean age = 41.4 ± 9.1 years and mean BMI = 30.7 ± 6.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were included. Overnight-fasting serum samples were collected. The participants were stratified according to T2DM status. Serum levels of NLRP3 and ILs of interest were assessed using commercially available assays. In all participants, age- and BMI-adjusted circulating levels of IL-37 were significantly higher in the T2DM group (<i>p</i> = 0.02) than in healthy controls (HC) and the PD group. A general linear model analysis revealed that NLRP3 levels were significantly influenced by T2DM status; age; and ILs 18, 1α and 33 (<i>p</i>-values 0.03, 0.04, 0.005, 0.004 and 0.007, respectively). IL-1α and triglycerides significantly predicted NLRP3 levels by as much as 46% of the variance perceived (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, T2DM status significantly influenced NLRP3 expression and other IL levels in varying degrees. Whether these altered levels of inflammasome markers can be favorably reversed through lifestyle interventions needs to be investigated prospectively in the same population.
Formation Mechanism and Influence Factors of Roll Surface Oil Film Thickness in the Double Cold Reduction Mill (2020)

In the double cold rolling process, the emulsion entering the roll gap during the double cold rolling process has the characteristics of high concentration and small flow rate so that the roll surface oil film thickness will affect roll gap oil film thickness, which in turn affects the rolling friction coefficient. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism and evolution process of the roll surface oil film thickness by considering the equipment and process characteristics of the emulsion direct injection application lubrication system. Then, based on the principle of fluid dynamics, the roll surface oil film thickness model in the double cold rolling process is established, and the prediction of the roll surface oil film thickness during the double cold rolling process is realized. Subsequently, the effects of five factors, such as rolling speed, work roll roughness, maximum contact stress between rolls, emulsion initial dynamic viscosity, and emulsion pressure viscosity coefficient, on the roll surface oil film thickness are quantitatively analyzed, and the corresponding influence laws are given. Finally, the relevant model and software that are applied to the 1220 double cold reduction mill have achieved good results.