gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Nodule Volume: Effects of Reconstruction Parameters on Automated Measurements—A Phantom Study (2008)

Substantial, highly variable overestimation of volume occurs with decreasing nodule diameter. A section thickness that enables the acquisition of at least three measurements along the z-axis should be used to measure the volumes of larger pulmonary nodules.
Multicomponent Swelling of Polymer Networks (2006)

A mathematical model for treating multicomponent equilibrium in polymer networks is developed and tested against experimental data. Equations and numerical solution procedures for treating the full equilibrium problem of a binary mixed solvent in contact with a cross-linked polymeric network are provided. Case studies are presented for different values of the cross-link density (ρe) and Flory−Huggins interaction parameters (solute-1/solute-2 (χ12), solute-1/network-3 (χ13), and solute-2/network-3 (χ23)). Novel phenomena are observed in certain cases including decreasing concentration in the membrane with increasing component concentration in the contacting mixture. A simple renormalization procedure for capturing concentration dependence of the solute−network interaction parameters is proposed. Experiments on the swelling of poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (NBR rubber) by benzene−cyclohexane mixtures are also presented. Data obtained include cross-link densities from modulus measurements and interaction parameters χ13 and χ23 from pure component swelling. On the basis of these pure component data, no adjustable parameters are needed to predict the equilibrium swelling for the six different films studied. Model predictions based on pure component data using the renormalization approach show better agreement than the predictions based on constant interaction parameters.
The Emergence of Selective 5-HT2B Antagonists Structures, Activities and Potential Therapeutic Applications [General Reviews] (2004)

5-HT(2) receptors mediate a large array of physiological and behavioral functions in humans via three distinct subtypes: 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B)and 5-HT(2C). While selective 5-HT(2A)antagonists have been known for some time, knowledge of the precise role played by the 5-HT(2B)receptor was hampered by the existence of solely 5-HT(2B)5-HT(2C) mixed antagonists. However, selective 5-HT(2B)antagonists began recently to emerge in the literature. Indeed, four structural classes belonging to the piperazine, indole, naphthylpyrimidine and tetrahydro-beta-carboline scaffolds were reported. In this paper, we will briefly review the structural and pharmacological features of selective 5-HT(2B) antagonists, including patent literature of the last five years.
Birefringence reduction in side-written photoinduced fiber devices by a dual/circumferential exposure method (1994)

In the last few years, there has been a tremendous growth in uv-exposed grating-based devices. The use of hydrogen-loading1 to sensitize fibers has resulted in index changes as high as 10'2. Two predominant fabrication methods include the holographic interference of two beams2 and the use of phase masks3. While extremely efficient gratings have been fabricated, the increase in birefringence of the fiber device during the writing process is not completely understood. The evaluation of the cause of this birefringence is critical to the design and analysis of grating-based resonant devices such as stable fiber lasers4 and laser-based polarimetric heterodyned sensors.5 Two plausible explanations have been put forth in the past to explain this phenomenon. It has been shown® that birefringence is dependent on the polarization of the writing beam and that uv-light polarized along the fiber propagation axis results in reduced birefringence.7 Additionally, the geometrical asymmetry of the writing process has been considered to be a possible cause but no proof of corroboration or contradiction has been put forth. In this paper, we provide concrete evidence demonstrating the geometrical asymmetry as a major cause of the birefringence. Further, we also show that a double-sided exposure of the fiber reduces the birefringence independent of the polarization of the writing beam.
Data-Aided and Non-Data-Aided Estimation of Signal Amplitude for Binary Data Communication in Laplace Noise (2010)

The estimation of signal amplitude for a binary data communication system in the presence of Laplace noise is considered. Maximum likelihood estimators are derived for both data-aided and non-data-aided cases. An absolute median estimator with a simple implementation is also proposed. The performances of the proposed estimators are examined and compared to well-known previous estimators in terms of mean-squared error. Numerical results quantify the superiority of the proposed estimators over the conventional estimators.
A Prospective Study of Diet Quality and Mortality in Women (2000)

These data suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by consumption of foods recommended in current dietary guidelines is associated with decreased risk of mortality in women.
A Network-Centric DRM For Online Scenarios (2012)

This letter presents recent technical trends to improve the secure handling of content decryption keys and usage rights in digital rights management (DRM) solutions. Attacks against DRM often consist of recovering keys such as content encryption keys and tampering with entitlements describing the user's content usage rights. This has led to demand from content providers such as movie studios for better methods to secure and exchange keys. This letter presents Online DRM, a network-centric approach to this problem, and analyzes the security implications of hosting more DRM intelligence in the network. © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent.
Biotechnology and Molecular Approaches to Forage Improvement (2020)

Biotechnologies such as genetic transformation, gene editing, and marker-assisted selection provide additional tools to breeders that can increase the efficiency of cultivar development and lead to the incorporation of novel traits currently unavailable in a particular crop species. Molecular genetic markers can be used to assess relationships among cultivars, germplasm accessions, populations, and/or species. Applying markers to breeding programs is one main way that genomics can be applied to forage improvement. The second main way is to directly insert and/or modify specific genes to create a desirable phenotype. Genetic transformation is used when a desired trait does not exist in either the plant species of interest or a related species with which that species can be hybridized. Unlike common genetic transformation, gene editing involves specific changes at a discrete point in the genome, focused even down to the individual nucleotide level.
Atom probe tomography and correlative microscopy: Key techniques for future planetary science studies (2022)

Abstract Our Galaxy is vast and awe-inspiring. The stars, planets, and our sun capture our imagination as children. For many of us, that wonder never ceases. It continues to inspire us throughout our careers and prompts us to question the evolution of our Solar System, to question what our place is within it, and how we may maintain longevity in a relatively volatile environment. To answer these questions planetary scientists turn to the study of extraterrestrial material. They analyze meteorites, impact craters, and materials returned by sample return missions for the evidence of events that are known to induce crystallographic and/or elemental changes, or for evidence of extraterrestrial isotopic abundances that point to the age and the original source of the material. Through these studies, we can constrain timelines of events that have occurred throughout the Solar System’s extensive history. Recently, atom probe tomography (APT) has been applied to the study of these materials. APT in correlation with larger-scale analysis techniques has provided insights into isotopic ratios or nanoscale distribution of elements, enriching our knowledge, and minimizing uncertainties in the time frame of critical cosmic events. The continued use of correlative microscopy with APT for the study of planetary science, including studies of small amounts of pristine materials delivered to the Earth by exciting sample return missions, promises to provide key information into the history of our Solar System. Here, we highlight the implications of correlative microscopy with APT for the future pursuits of planetary science, we reflect on the groundbreaking research already achieved, the challenges that have been overcome to achieve these outcomes and the challenges yet to come. Graphical abstract
Biegebemessung von Bauteilen aus ultrahochfestem Beton / Design for bending and bending with axial force of ultra high performance concrete (2004)

Ultrahochfester Beton (UHB) unterscheidet sich von normal- beziehungsweise hochfestem Beton vor allem durch ein dichteres Materialgefuege. Dies bewirkt, dass Bauteile aus UHB einen groesseren Widerstand gegen mechanischen Abrieb und Frost-Tausalzbeanspruchung sowie eine groessere Undurchlaessigkeit fuer Fluessigkeiten und Gase aufweisen. Ohne den Zusatz von Stahlfasern ist UHB jedoch ein aeusserst sproedes Material, das im Grenzzustand der Tragfaehigkeit schlagartig versagt. Durch die Zugabe von Stahlfasern laesst sich ein duktiles Materialverhalten erzeugen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie man einen solchen stahlfaserverstaerkten UHB durch Entwicklung von Spannungs-Dehnungsbeziehungen auf Biegung beziehungsweise auf Biegung mit Normalkraft bemessen kann. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) differs from normal- and high strength concrete by having a more compact material structure. The UHPC components show a higher resistance against mechanical abrasions and freeze-thaw-stress as well as a greater impermeability for fluids and gases. Without adding steel fibres UHPC is a very brittle material, which fails abruptly. A ductile material behaviour can be reached by using steel fibres. This article describes how to design a UHPC for bending and bending with axial force by generating stress-strain-relation. (A)
Experimental dual xenon detectors for quantitative CT and spectral artifact correction (1980)

A 41-channel xenon detector array has been built in our laboratory to be used in a fan-beam CT scanner. Each channel is split into a front and rear detector producing two signals for each ray through the patient. Since the front and rear detectors measure different photon energies of the x-ray spectra, dual energy information is obtained from a single CT scan. This information can be used to determine electron density and effective atomic number images of the patient and correct spectral artefacts. A 7.7-cm-diam plexiglas cylinder, filled with water and various plastics, was scanned. With this phantom, electron density was determined to an accuracy of 2% and effective atomic number to 4%. Details of the detector design and calibration are discussed and electron density, effective atomic number, and spectral artifact corrected images are presented.
Inside Cover: Deciphering the Metal Speciation in Low‐Molecular‐Weight Complexes by IMS‐MS: Application to the Detection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimics in Cell Lysates (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38/2022) (2022)

Within the crowded cell environment , Mn-based superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics were detected and quantified, with an analogous [13C6LCoII] (L=ligand) as a standard, in intricate cell lysates by using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). In their Research Article (e202203066), Clotilde Policar and co-workers show that IMS is powerful enough to separate complexes of the same ligand bound to different divalent metal cations with similar ionic radii. In timsTOF, ions are pushed by the gas flow, retained electrostatically, and as represented in the picture, the smaller, the slower.
Training Sequence Design for Efficient Channel Estimation in MIMO-FBMC Systems (2017)

This paper is focused on training sequence design for efficient channel estimation in multiple-input multiple-output filterbank multicarrier (MIMO-FBMC) communications using offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). MIMO-FBMC is a promising technique to achieve high spectrum efficiency as well as strong robustness against dispersive channels due to its feature of time-frequency localization. A salient drawback of FBMC/OQAM signals is that only real-field orthogonality can be kept, leading to the intrinsic imaginary interference being a barrier for high-performance channel estimations. Also, conventional channel estimations in the MIMO-FBMC systems mostly suffer from high training overhead especially for large number of transmit antennas. Motivated by these problems, in this paper, we propose a new class of training sequences, which are formed by concatenation of two identical zero-correlation zone sequences whose auto-correlation and cross correlation are zero within a time-shift window around the in-phase position. Since only real-valued symbols can be transmitted in MIMO-FBMC systems, we propose “complex training sequence decomposition (CTSD)” to facilitate the reconstruction of the complex-field orthogonality of MIMO-FBMC signals. Our simulations validate that the proposed CTSD is an efficient channel estimation approach for practical preamble-based MIMO-FBMC systems.
Energy-efficient detection of intermittent interference in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Communications of low-power sensor nodes are easily corrupted by transmissions of collocated devices that inducing packet losses might increase data delay and energy consumption. Dynamic Spectrum Access mechanisms can mitigate these problems. These approaches allow frequency agile sensor nodes to avoid frequency bands experiencing high interference and select channels suitable for their transmissions. In this context, detecting interference and identifying spectrum opportunities in a reliable and efficient manner becomes a task of vital importance. In this paper we propose a new interference detection algorithm accounting both for energy and complexity constraints of sensor motes as well as for the intermittent nature of interference typically experienced by sensor networks in unlicensed bands. We develop an analytical framework that allows to explicitly characterise the performance of our algorithm and also implement it on the TMote Sky sensor platform. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed scheme to identify interfered channels.
Preface to Special Topic: Selected Articles from Phononics 2011: The First International Conference on Phononic Crystals, Metamaterials and Optomechanics, 29 May—2 June 2011, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA (2011)

First Page
Spatial and temporal variations in prevalence, intensity and aggregation of microfilaria in the human host. (1993)

The prevalence, intensity and the frequency distribution of microfilaria (mf) of Wuchereria bancrofti in the human blood and their variation in time (pre-vector control, control and post control periods) and space have been examined. The prevalence and intensity showed significant variation between time and different areas of urban Pondicherry. The significant reduction in the prevalence and intensity of microfilaremia in the areas of high endemicity indicated that the effect of vector control was well marked in these areas. The distribution of microfilaria in human population was adequately described by the truncated negative binomial prior to interruption of transmission, and the dispersion parameter 'k' of the negative binomial varied between 0.17 and 0.68. A change in the distribution was observed after the 5 years of vector control, during which the transmission was completely interrupted. The increased 'k' values suggest that the distribution of mf is influenced by the degree of exposure to infection. Therefore, comparison of changes in the parameter 'k' can be considered as an additional tool for evaluating the control operations aimed at interrupting the transmission.
Microscale temperature measurement by the multispectral and statistic method in the ultraviolet-visible wavelengths (2008)

The aim of this paper is to present a nonintrusive and optical method based on the classical thermal radiation laws for the measurement of microscale surface temperature. To overcome the diffraction limit, measurements are performed in the ultraviolet-visible range. According to the Planck’s law, emitting energy is low at these wavelengths and only a photonic flux can be measured through a cooled photomultiplier tube and a photon-counting card. The photonic flux exhibits a random character that can be described through well-known statistic laws such as Poisson or normal distributions. It is shown in this paper that the measured signal (photonic flux) agrees well with these statistics laws and that the surface temperature can be obtained either from the average or/and the standard deviation of the photonic flux. A multispectral technique is also introduced to get rid of the knowledge of the local surface emissivity, which is of particular interest for the measurement of temperature in microscale applications. Finally, temperature measurements carried out on a specific high temperature blackbody developed in our laboratory are compared with those obtained through an infrared camera and allow us to validate our facility and the proposed measurement technique.
The Effect of Cocoa and Polydextrose on Bacterial Fermentation in Gastrointestinal Tract Simulations (2007)

Effects of cocoa mass and supplemented dietary fiber (polydextrose) on microbial fermentation were studied by combining digestion simulations of stomach and small intestine with multi-staged colon simulations. During the four phases of digestion, concentrations of available soluble proteins and reducing sugars reflected in vivo absorption of nutrients in small intestine. In colon simulation vessels, addition of polydextrose to digested cocoa mass significantly increased concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids and butyric acid, from 103 to 468 mM (P<0.01) and from 12 to 22 mM (P<0.01), respectively. Long-chain fatty acid concentrations (decreasing from 1,222 to 240 mM) were mainly affected by the presence of digested cocoa mass. Cocoa mass with or without polydextrose addition significantly decreased production of cadaverine (P<0.02) and branched-chain fatty acids compared to control during colon simulations. Results indicate beneficial effects on metabolism of colonic microbiota after digestion of cocoa mass, and even more so with polydextrose addition.
Low divergence single mode edge emitting double metal Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser (2009)

We present the use of a third order distributed feedback waveguide for double metal THz quantum cascade laser as a successful design to obtain high slope efficiency of 50mW/A, spectral emission control and narrow single lobed far field (5° × 8°).
Soft Electromagnetic Motor and Soft Magnetic Sensors for Synchronous Rotary Motion (2023)

To create fully-soft robots, fully-soft actuators are needed. Currently, soft rotary actuator topologies described in the literature exhibit low rotational speeds, which limit their applicability. In this work, we describe a novel, fully-soft synchronous rotary electromagnetic actuator and soft magnetic contact switch sensor concept. In this study, the actuator is constructed using gallium indium liquid metal conductors, compliant permanent magnetic composites, carbon black powders, and flexible polymers. The actuator also operates using low voltages (<20 V, ≤10 A), has a bandwidth of 10 Hz, a stall torque of 2.5-3 mN·m, and no-load speed of up to 4000 rpm. These values show that the actuator rotates at over two orders-of-magnitude higher speed with at least one order-of-magnitude higher output power than previously developed soft rotary actuators. This unique soft rotary motor is operated in a manner similar to traditional hard motors, but is also able to stretch and deform to enable new soft robot functions. To demonstrate fully-soft actuator application concepts, the motor is incorporated into a fully-soft air blower, fully-soft underwater propulsion system, fully-soft water pump, and squeeze-based sensor for a fully-soft fan. Hybrid hard and soft applications were also tested, including a geared robotic car, pneumatic actuator, and hydraulic pump. Overall, this work demonstrates how the fully-soft rotary electromagnetic actuator can bridge the gap between the capabilities of traditional hard motors and novel soft actuator concepts.
Understanding Android Security (2009)

Google's Android platform is a widely anticipated open source operating system for mobile phones. This article describes Android's security model and attempts to unmask the complexity of secure application development. The authors conclude by identifying lessons and opportunities for future enhancements.
Monitoring Protein‐Protein Interactions in Living Cells by Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) (2006)

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) allows monitoring of protein-protein interactions in real time in living cells. One candidate interacting protein is fused to a luminescent energy donor, such as Renilla luciferase, and the other to a fluorescent energy acceptor, such the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the two are then coexpressed in the same cells. If the two proteins interact, their close proximity allows nonradiative energy transfer (BRET) between the luciferase and the GFP. BRET does not occur if the two proteins are separated by more than 100 A, making the technique ideal for monitoring protein-protein interactions in biological systems. This unit describes the use of BRET to study constitutive and agonist-promoted interactions among signaling molecules, as illustrated by the homodimerization of the CXCR4 receptor and the recruitment of beta-arrestin2 to agonist-activated G-protein-coupled receptors. This noninvasive and homogeneous assay provides a robust and sensitive proteomic platform with applications for basic science research and drug discovery.
Management of Isolated Greater Tuberosity Fractures: A Systematic Review. (2018)

As isolated fractures of the greater tuberosity present a therapeutic challenge, we systematically reviewed all studies of greater tuberosity fracture management. Inclusion criteria were level I to IV evidence and 2-year follow-up. Thirteen studies and 429 shoulders were included in our analyses, which compared 3 paired groups: treatment type (nonoperative vs operative), fracture displacement amount (<5 mm vs >5 mm), and surgery type (open vs arthroscopic). Concomitant anterior glenohumeral instability was documented in 28.1% of patients and was significantly more common in displaced vs nondisplaced fractures (44.3% vs 14.5%; P < .01). Compared with nonoperative patients, operative patients had significantly fewer radiographic losses of reduction (48.6% vs 5.2%; P < .01) but increased shoulder stiffness (0.0% vs 5.7%; P < .01). Heterotopic ossification was more common in displaced vs nondisplaced fractures (7.5% vs 0.0%; P < .01). There were no significant differences in outcome between arthroscopic and open surgery, but with screw fixation (vs suture constructs) there were significantly fewer cases of stiffness (0% vs 12.0%; P < .01) and reoperation (0% vs 8.0%; P = .051). Surgery for displaced fractures is associated with high patient satisfaction and low rates of complications and reoperations, regardless of technique and fixation mode.
A new anthraquinone derivative as a near UV and visible light photoinitiator for free-radical, thiol–ene and cationic polymerizations (2021)

We report a new photoinitiator Q4 which has excellent initiated properties, and can initiate diverse photopolymerization modes. This novel photoinitiator may find use in many specific curing applications due to its unique performance.