gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Noise Variance of an Image Acquisition System with Various Reconstruction Matrices (2012)

Estimation of the noise variance of image acquisition systems is very important to solve the inverse problems such as the recovery of spectral reflectances through the use of image data or to get a clear image from a blurred image, etc. In the color imaging community, the acquisition of accurate spectral reflectances of objects at the resolution of pixels is important to reproduce realistic color images under a variety of viewing illuminants. The accuracy of recovered spectral reflectances is usually evaluated by the mean square errors (MSE) between the measured and the recovered reflectances. The MSE is dependent on the noise present in an image acquisition system, which is called as the system noise below, and estimating the noise level is important to increase the estimation accuracies. In the evaluation of the influence of the noise, dividing the MSE into two terms, i.e., the noise independent MSE (MSEfree) and noise dependent MSE (MSEnoise), is essential to estimate the noise variance and to analyze the influence of the noise on the MSE. A model separating the MSE into the two terms and estimating the noise variance was already proposed based on the Wiener estimation by one of the authors. Later the model was modified to a comprehensive model based on an arbitrary reflectance reconstruction matrix and was also applied to the noise estimates by two spectral estimation models such as the Wiener and the linear model.In the previous paper, it was not possible to apply the comprehensive model to the regression model or the Imai- Berns model, which are the models to estimate spectral reflectances, because their reconstruction matrices are derived from the sensor responses which include the system noise in it.In this paper, a new method is proposed to extend the comprehensive model to four reconstruction models (Wiener, linear, regression and Imai-Berns models), since it is very interesting whether the influence of the noise on the recovery performance is dependent on the model used or not. By defining the theoretical estimates of the sensor responses and by estimating the reconstruction matrices without the system noise for the regression model and the Imai-Berns model, it is shown that the increasing in the MSE by the noise present in an image acquisition system can be evaluated by a simple formulation for the four models. From the experimental results it is shown that the comprehensive model analyzes the effect of the system noise on the increase in the MSE on the reflectance recovery.
Issues in the non-visual presentation of graph based diagrams (2004)

One aspect of non-visual visualisation is providing accessibility to diagrams for users with visual impairments. In this paper, we review the literature on diagrams and non-visual presentation in order to elucidate the issues involved in making graph based diagrams accessible using speech and non-speech sound. First we examine the nature, scope and uses of these diagrams. We then describe the nature of diagrams: how do diagrams differ from other representations; how do sighted readers read, understand, and extract information from diagrams; what cognitive processes do diagrams facilitate; and what factors affect how diagrams may be understood? After a comparison of visual with aural presentation we discuss the work presented by others in this field, particularly looking at their reasons for implementing how they do in light of our examination of visual comprehension. The paper concludes with a discussion of how these issues combine and conflict to influence requirements for interface design.
Supplementary table 4 from A Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein–Thrombospondin-2 Axis and the Risk of Relapse in Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Microarray data analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Filtering slot antenna using coupled line resonator (2014)

This paper presents the design of a novel slot filtering antenna suitable for modern electronic devices integrating various wireless systems that have to coexist. The approach consists in feeding the slot antenna through a filtering microstrip-to-slot-line transition. This transition comprises a coupled line resonator which enables to create two out-of-band transmission zeros and by this way to increase drastically the frequency selectivity of the transition. As proof-of-concept, a slot filtering antenna has been designed for WLAN applications operating in the 2.4GHz band, by using the HFSSTM simulation tool. A prototype has been also fabricated, using a low-cost FR4 substrate, where 2 antennas are printed on a board in order to accommodate the requirements of a 2×2 MIMO system.
The case for datacentric grids (2002)

We argue that the properties of online data make it effectively immovable. Massively parallel computations involving such data must therefore be constructed in a completely different way - one that replaces the processor-centric assumptions that underlie almost all programming models by datacentric assumptions. We discuss the implications of this change for grid architectures and their programming models.
Amplification of 12 OAM States in an Air-Core EDF (2015)

We propose the amplification of 12 OAM modes in an air-core EDF using either core- or cladding- pumping at 980nm. Differential modal gains of only 0.25dB among all the 12-modes are achieved over the C-band.
Passive Wireless Channel Estimation in RF Tag Network (2019)

We envision a future where every object in our living and working environment will carry one or more RF tags. Based on the backscattering tag-to-tag communication link, these RF tags will be connected in a network without the need for the central interrogating device. We present a novel tag architecture that enables estimation of the parameters of wireless tag-to-tag channel by a passive receiver. Sampling the received baseband signal at different reflecting phases at the backscattering tag enables estimation of amplitude and phase of the tag-to-tag channel. The low-power implementation of the channel estimator, after envelope detection, integrates amplification and filtering of the baseband signal that is followed by analog-to-digital conversion. The channel estimator, implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, has sensitivity of -45 dBm at 2.5% modulation index and consumes 122 nW.
AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY (2002)

Abstract We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes.
Colorectal Carcinoma in Pregnancy (1985)

Colorectal carcinoma in pregnancy is rare. The symptoms frequently are masked by the symptoms associated with normal pregnancy, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Based on our experience with five patients and review of the literature, we developed a management regimen that takes an aggressive approach to tumor excision, yet maintains the pregnancy and fertility if possible. The prognosis is poor for most patients because the stage of the tumor is usually advanced at the time of diagnosis. The key to improved survival, as with all cancers, is early diagnosis and treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐KATALYSIERTE INTERMOLEKULARE KONDENSATION VON ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTEN KETONEN, DIMERISIERUNG VON 2,4‐DIARYLIDENCYCLOBUTANONEN ZU 2‐SPIRO‐(2‐OXOCYCLOBUTYL)‐BICYCLO(3,2,0)HEPTAN‐6‐ON‐DERIVATEN (1972)

Abstract Cyclobutanon (I) und Benzaldehyd (II) liefern die Dibenzylidenverbindung (III), die in Gegenwart von Alkali in ein Dimeres übergeht.
Lewis base properties of 1,3-diphosphadithiatetrazocines: crystal and molecular structures of 1,3-Ph4P2N4S2Me+CF3SO3- (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis base properties of 1,3-diphosphadithiatetrazocines: crystal and molecular structures of 1,3-Ph4P2N4S2Me+CF3SO3-Tristram Chivers, Stephen W. Liblong, John F. Richardson, and Tom ZieglerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 24, 4344–4349Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00297a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00297a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figures from NKT Cell–Driven Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity Induced by Clec9a-Targeted Tailorable Nanoemulsion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-3&lt;/p&gt;
Flexible high-loading particle-reinforced polyurethane magnetic nanocomposite fabrication through particle-surface-initiated polymerization (2007)

Flexible high-loading nanoparticle-reinforced polyurethane magnetic nanocomposites fabricated by the surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) method are reported. Extensive field emission scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and atomic force microscopic (AFM) observations revealed a uniform particle distribution within the polymer matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) revealed a strong chemical bonding between the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. The elongation of the SIP nanocomposite under tensile test was about four times greater than that of the composite fabricated by a conventional direct mixing fabrication method. The nanocomposite shows particle-loading-dependent magnetic properties, with an increase of coercive force after the magnetic nanoparticles were embedded into the polymer matrix, arising from the increased interparticle distance and the introduced polymer-particle interactions. © IOP Publishing Ltd.
Design and Preparation of a Micro-Pyramid Structured Thin Film for Broadband Infrared Antireflection (2018)

A micro-pyramid structured thin film with a broad-band infrared antireflection property is designed and fabricated by using the single-point diamond turning (SPDT) technique and combined with nano-imprint lithography (NIL). A structure with dimensions of 10 μm pitch and 5 μm height is transferred from the copper mold to the silicon nitride optical film by using NIL and proportional inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) etching. Reflectance of the micro-optical surface is reduced below 1.0% over the infrared spectral range (800–2500 nm). A finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) analysis indicates that this micro-structure can localize photons and enhance the absorption inside the micro-pyramid at long wavelengths. As described above, the micro-pyramid array has been integrated in an optical film successfully. Distinguishing from the traditional micro-optical components, considering the effect of refraction and diffraction, it is a valuable and flexible method to take account of the interference effect of optical film.
Update Breast Cancer 2021 Part 2 – Advanced Stages, Long-Term Consequences and Biomarkers (2021)

This review summarises and discusses significant aspects of recently published studies on patient treatment in advanced breast cancer and on biomarkers in breast cancer. In recent years, a large number of drugs for all molecular subtypes have been developed up to phase III trials. With regard to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastasised breast cancer, the recent discussion has centred on the best candidate for combined chemotherapy. The oral taxanes could become a new type of oral chemotherapies. There is a growing body of data on biomarkers for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, which could also signify further development for other molecular subtypes. New substances have been developed for metastatic HER2+ breast cancer that still result in good remission even after massive prior treatment and/or cerebral metastasis. Similarly, knowledge is growing about targeted therapies with antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) against Trop-2, which could bolster our therapeutic armoury in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In addition, the clinical focus is on understanding how to maintain fertility after breast cancer treatment. Here, pooled analyses provide new insights.
Continuous vector elements on rational Bezier surfaces in the BEM for scattering problems (2002)

This paper presents a study of a vector interpolation scheme on curved surfaces suitable for solving electromagnetic scattering problems using the boundary element method. The scheme ensures C/sup 0/ continuity of the solution currents over the surface The interpolation order of the basis may be increased to improve the accuracy of the solution. The surface is represented by triangular rational Bezier patches that exactly model the test problem used, hence errors due to geometrical approximation are eliminated.
Supplementary Table 1B from Genome-Wide Impact of Androgen Receptor Trapped clone-27 Loss on Androgen-Regulated Transcription in Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1B from Genome-Wide Impact of Androgen Receptor Trapped clone-27 Loss on Androgen-Regulated Transcription in Prostate Cancer Cells
Impact of fine surface Chemical-Mechanical Polishing on the manufacturing yield of 1200V SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes (2005)

Unlike other techniques for surface cleaning/etching such as dry etching (RIE, ICP), the new polishing process does not degrade Schottky diode forward characteristics. Thus, apart from the promising improvement of starting material quality, fine surface polishing seems to offer significant advantages in terms of increasing manufacturing yield.
Joint effects of cadmium and copper on Apis mellifera forgers and larvae (2020)

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are important ecological and agricultural resources. They are among the most widely available pollinators and provide products as well as services. Unfortunately, honey bee populations are susceptible to several environmental threats, including heavy metal exposure. Honey bees can be exposed to heavy metals when foraging on contaminated honey and pollen resources, and in some cases by airborne exposure. We studied the joint acute and chronic effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on A. mellifera. A 1:1 solution of the two heavy metals increased larval developmental duration and the mortality of both larvae and foragers in a dose-dependent way, decreased forager feeding, increased body metal burdens, and disrupted the sucrose response behavior of foragers. In combination, Cd and Cu demonstrated a weakly synergistic effect on foragers, but for larvae an initially antagonistic effect at low doses changed to strongly synergistic response at higher concentrations. The sucrose response threshold of foragers decreased significantly when they were dosed with increasing concentrations of the metal mixtures. Overall, the fitness of honey bee larvae and foragers is detrimentally affected when these metals co-occur.
Thermal Transitions of ε Crystalline Phases of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (2007)

Thermal transitions of the three crystalline phases (γ, δ, and ε) of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS), presenting s(2/1)2 helices, have been compared by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic-mechanical analyses. These analyses have been conducted on crystalline (δ and ε) films, obtained by similar solvent sorption and desorption procedures, starting from a same γ-form film. The Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the three films have also been compared. The obtained results indicate that the recently discovered ε-phase, as the already known δ-phase, is transformed in γ-phase by heating above 100 °C. However, the ε → γ transition occurs directly without the formation, for intermediate temperatures, of a helical mesomorphic phase, as instead observed for the δ → γ transition. DSC studies and FTIR measurements also suggest that the crystalline packing of the ε-form could be rather similar to that one of the γ-form.
New Closed-Form Estimators for the Angle of Arrival and the Angular Spread of a Locally Scattered Source (2007)

We estimate the angular spread (AS) and the nominal angle of arrival (AoA) of a locally scattered source using a uniform linear array (ULA) of sensors. First, we use Taylor series expansions to transform this problem into the localization of two point sources as it has been proposed in the literature. Based on the resulting approximate form of the covariance matrix, we directly retrieve analytical expressions for the AS and the nominal AoA. Compared with earlier works, the proposed method does not require the knowledge of the angular distribution of the scattered source. Furthermore, it accurately determines the required parameters in a computationally very simple manner as illustrated by simulations.
A dictionary construction technique for code compression systems with echo instructions (2005)

Dictionary compression mechanisms identify redundant sequences of instructions that occur in a program. The sequences are extracted and copied to a dictionary. Each sequence is then replaced with a codeword that acts as an index into the dictionary, thereby enabling decompression of the program at runtime. The problem of optimally organizing a dictionary consisting solely of redundant sequences in order to maximize compression has long been known to be NP-Complete [23]. This paper addresses the problem of dictionary construction when redundant code fragments are represented as Data Flow Graphs (DFGs) rather than linear sequences of instructions. Since there are generally multiple legal schedules for a given DFG G, a compiler must determine a schedule for G so that other DFGs that are subgraphs of G can reference some substring of G's final code sequence. This reduces the size of the dictionary, and in turn, the size of the compressed program. Our experiments with 10 MediaBench [18] applications yielded reductions in dictionary size ranging from 21.14% to 29.76% compared to a naive approach.
Fractures of the Exeter femoral prosthesis: incidence, aetiology, and factors predisposing to failure (2012)

Background Since 1991 to 2008 approximately 800,000 Exeter stems have been sold worldwide with 80 reported cases of fracture (neck or stem). This study aimed to determine factors predisposing to fracture. Method Clinical, surgical, radiological and retrieval data was collated from Stryker Benoist-Girard and Exeter research databases. Risk factors associated with fracture were categorised to patient related (weight and activity levels), surgical related (poor medial support, component size, placement) and implant related (+ head). Results Data was available on 60 patients (28 stem, 32 neck fractures). Number of fractures per annum increased in proportion with sales. Mean patient age at fracture was similar for both neck and stem fractures (69yrs, 53–84; 67yrs, 30–89. p=0.56). 77% neck and 52% stem fractures occurred in males. Mean weight was 110kg (82–140) in neck and 91kg (70–126) in stem fractures with 68% neck and 38% stem fractures either obese or morbidly obese. Mean time to fracture was 78mths (36–144) for neck and 76 mths (2–155) for stem fractures. 76% of neck fractures occurred in stem sizes 44#2, 44#3 and 44¢4. Stem fractures occurred more commonly (85%) in the smaller sizes (35.5 to 44#1). A + head was used in 67% neck and 14% of stem fractures. Neck fractures were most commonly associated with patient (increased weight and activity) and implant related (use of a + head) factors. Stem fractures were most commonly associated with correctable surgical related causes predominantly secondary to stem undersizing or inadequate medial support. Conclusion Careful pre operative planning and templating is essential to identify those patients with pre-existing identifiable patient (weight, activity levels) and anatomical (proximal femoral canal morphology and offset) risk factors, to ensure appropriate stem selection and size (which may require a custom made implant) and meticulous placement and cementing technique in order to maximise fracture prevention.
CsAg2Sb2I9 solar cells (2018)

A perovskite material CsAg<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>9</sub> was developed <italic>via</italic> room-temperature solution processing. Its solar cells gave a PCE of 0.99%.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Ulcerative Colitis (2015)

Neutrophils, induced neutrophil extracellular traps, and several proteins that play a part in innate immunity are all increased in abundance in the morphologically normal colon mucosa from patients with UC. The increased abundance of these antimicrobial compounds points to the stimulation of the innate immune system in the etiology of UC.