gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy to Probe the Electrochemical Deposition of Nanostructured Materials (2015)

Nanomaterials and nanostructured materials have been used extensively in biosensing platforms, and their morphology strongly influences the detection limit and dynamic range of these sensing systems This makes it very important to precisely tune the biosensing substrate at the biomolecular scale or the nanoscale. To develop nanostructures with desired morphology, a detailed understanding of the growth mechanism is very essential. Considerable effort has been devoted to investigate the mechanisms involved in electrochemical deposition, but controversy regarding the growth modes still remains due to the lack of direct experimental proof of the nucleation and growth kinetics Real-time observation of the growth process through high resolution in-situ microscopy allows direct and precise study of the structural evolution; however, some difficulties in real-time imaging in liquid environments remain
Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma related to tuberous sclerosis complex: The Cryo-TSC. (2023)

669 Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Approximately 60%–80% of patients with TSC have bilateral angiomyolipoma (AML). Cryotherapy is one treatment option for renal tumors, but the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC–AML is not clear. We planned this study to establish the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC–AML. Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC–AML of 4 cm or less in diameter in patients at least 16 years old. The exclusion criteria were an inability to withdraw from mTOR inhibitor and failure to maintain rest during cryotherapy. mTOR inhibitors were withdrawn at least 7 days prior to cryotherapy and discontinued during the study period. Cryotherapy was performed using Cryohit (Galil Medical LTD, USA). Safety was assessed at 1, 2, 6, and 9 months after cryotherapy, and efficacy was assessed at 3 and 9 months after cryotherapy. The efficacy of cryotherapy was evaluated according to the modified RECIST or RECIST criteria. The primary endpoint was the disease control rate, and secondary endpoints included the overall response rate, safety, renal function, quality of life, and need for additional treatment. Results: The disease control and overall response rates were 100% and 93.3%, respectively. After 9 months of follow-up, the median creatine level was slightly increased by 0.06 mg/dL. Quality of life was stable, and no additional treatment was needed. Three Grade 3 adverse events (hematuria, chronic kidney disease, and aspartate aminotransferase elevation) were observed in three patients. Conclusions: Cryoablation is a safe and effective treatment option for TSC–AML. Clinical trial information: jRCTs072200039 .
Adaptive error feedback regulation problem for 1D wave equation (2018)

Summary By using the adaptive control approach, we solve the error feedback regulator problem for the one‐dimensional wave equation with a general harmonic disturbance anticollocated with control and with two types of disturbed measurements, ie, one collocated with control and the other anti‐collocated with control. Different from the classical error feedback regulator design, which is based on the internal mode principle, we give the adaptive servomechanism design for the system by making use of the measured tracking error (and its time derivative) and the estimation mechanism for the parameters of the disturbance and of the unknown reference. Constructing auxiliary systems and observer and applying the backstepping method for infinite‐dimensional system play important roles in the design. The control objective, which is to regulate the tracking error to zero and to keep the states bounded, is achieved.
Understanding the dendritic cell lineage through a study of cytokine receptors. (1994)

Dendritic cells form a system of antigen presenting cells that are specialized to stimulate T lymphocytes, including quiescent T cells. The lineage of dendritic cells is not fully characterized, although prior studies have shown that growth and differentiation are controlled by cytokines, particularly granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). To further elucidate the nature and control of the dendritic cell lineage, we have studied the expression of specific cytokine receptors. Sufficient numbers of dendritic cells were purified from spleen and skin to do quantitative binding studies with radiolabeled M-CSF, GM-CSF, and interleukin 1 (IL-1). To verify the nonlymphoid nature of dendritic cells, we made an initial search for rearrangements in T cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes and none were found. M-CSF binding sites, a property of mononuclear phagocytes, also were absent. In contrast, GM-CSF receptors were abundant on mature dendritic cells, with approximately 3,000 binding sites/cell with a single Kd of 500-1,000 pM. Substantial numbers of high affinity (< 100 pM) IL-1 binding sites were identified as well; cultured epidermal dendritic cells (i.e., epidermal Langerhans cells) had 500/cell and spleen dendritic cells approximately 70/cell. Cross-linking approaches showed the 80-kD species that is expected of high-affinity type 1 IL-1 receptor. Anti-type 1 IL-1 receptor (R) mAbs also visualized these receptors by flow cytometry on freshly isolated epidermal dendritic cells. These results provide new evidence that dendritic cells represent a differentiation pathway distinct from lymphocytes and monocytes. Together with recent findings on the effects of IL-1 and GM-CSF on epidermal dendritic cells in situ (see Results and Discussion), the data lead to a proposal whereby IL-1 signals IL-1R to upregulate GM-CSF receptors and thereby, the observed responsiveness of dendritic cells to GM-CSF for growth, viability, and function.
The first experimental results of mm-wave generation by photomixing (2008)

Generating mm-wave signals by optical techniques is very attractive solution to obtain high purity mm-wave signals. In order to generate mm-wave signals, photomixing experiments are made by some optical components with 1550 nm wavelength and two discrete laser sources generating 1550 nm CW (Continuous Wave) optical signal. This is our first experimental results of mm-wave generation by the photomixing. We have expected that the photomixing technique by two discrete laser sources can be helpful to characterize a wideband opto-electric component.
Validation of Second-Generation Motion-Correction Software for Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography With Novel Quantitative Approach (2021)

A novel quantitative method (and subjective analysis) for evaluation of CTCA motion has been described and applied to validation of SSF-2.0 motion-correction software. Both the technique and software demonstrate promise for robust clinical utility in CTCA evaluation.
Decitabine and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin In Patients with Advanced Myelofibrosis (2010)

Abstract Abstract 5061 Background: While hypomethylating agents, azacitidine and decitabine, are approved for use in treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), their role in treatment of myeloproliferative disorders is evolving. The modified dosing schedule of decitabine (20 mg/m2 IV for 5 days) in MDS has shown overall response rates of approximately 40%. A clinical study of azacitidine in myelofibrosis (MF) has shown a response rate of 32%. We investigated the activity of the combination of decitabine and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) (anti-CD33 antibody), a combination with activity in patients with MDS and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), in patients with advanced myelofibrosis. Patients and Method: We reviewed the records of patients with MF treated with the combination of decitabine and GO. Result: Seven patients were treated till the decisions by FDA to withdraw GO from the market. Age ranged from 60–69 years (median 65 years), 5 patients were male and no of prior therapies ranged 0–4 (median2). Three patients had MF progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. Prior treatments included, hydroxyura, thalidomide, prednisone, pomolidamide etc. All patients were positive for JAK 2 V617F mutation. Cytogenetic abnormalities were seen in 4 patients (hyperdiploid, complex or -5/-7) and 3 were with diploid cytogenetics. Five patients received 3 cycles of Decitabine plus myelotarg while 2 patients had only one cycle. Four patients had stable disease, one had clearance of marrow blasts (40%&gt;0%), two had no response. Three patients showed decreases in splenic size. Clinically significant infectious complications were encountered in 4 patients. Conclusions: The combination of decitabine and GO showed early signs of activity in patients with MF but future investigation of this combination will be limited due to lack of access to GO. Disclosures: Borthakur: eisai: Research Funding.
Redesigning the leaving group in nucleic acid polymerization (2012)

Artificial nucleic acids have the potential to propagate genetic information in vivo purposefully insulated from the canonical replication and transcription processes of cells. Natural nucleic acids are synthesized using nucleoside triphosphates as building blocks and polymerases as catalysts, pyrophosphate functioning as the universal leaving group for DNA and RNA biosynthesis. In order to avoid entanglement between the propagation of artificial nucleic acids in vivo and the cellular information processes, we promote the biosynthesis of natural and xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNA) dependent on the involvement of leaving groups distinct from pyrophosphate. The feasibility of such radically novel biochemical systems relies on the systematic exploration of the chemical diversity of nucleic acid leaving groups that can undergo the catalytic mechanism of phosphotransfer in nucleic acid polymerization. Initial forays in this research area demonstrate the wide acceptance of polymerases and augur well for in vivo implementation and integration with canonical metabolism.
Spatial diversity equalization applied to underwater communications (1994)

Underwater acoustic digital communication is difficult because of the nature of the fading multipath channels. Digital signal processing, such as adaptive equalization, is known to greatly improve the communication data rate by limiting intersymbol interference (ISI). However, existing underwater acoustic equalization studies are limited to single-channel techniques, and spatial diversity processing is limited to selection or combining. In this paper, we design minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers jointly among all spatial diversity channels. We call this spatial diversity equalization (SDE). Results are based on a very sparse vertical array in a midrange underwater acoustic channel. We study the effect of element number and placement, the length of the equalization filters, and linear feedforward versus nonlinear decision feedback algorithms. A suboptimum equalizer combiner (EC) is studied to alleviate the computational intensity of JCE. We first design the system for a known acoustic channel; later, some results are verified using adaptive algorithms. Results are presented both in terms of the mean-square error (MSE) and the probability of a symbol error. The latter is important as it is the ultimate interest for a digital communication system. We found that system performance improves rapidly with an increase in the number of spatial channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experimental and CFD Investigations to Evaluate the Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Particle Size on Erosion Damage in Oil and Gas Production Equipment (2010)

Zhang et al (2006) utilized CFD to examine the validity of erosion models that have been implemented into CFD codes to predict solid particle erosion in air and water for Inconel 625. This work is an extension of Zhang’s work and is presented as a step toward obtaining a better understanding of the effects of fluid viscosity and sand particle size on measured and calculated erosion rates. The erosion rates of Aluminum 6061-T6 were measured for direct impingement conditions of a submerged jet. Fluid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP and sand particle sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm were tested. The average fluid speed of the jet was maintained at 10 m/s. Erosion data show that erosion rates for the 20 and 150 μm particles are reduced as the viscosity is increased, while surprisingly the erosion rates for the 300 μm particles do not seem to change much for the higher viscosities. For all viscosities considered, larger particles produced higher erosion rates, for the same mass of sand, than smaller particles. Concurrently, an erosion equation has been generated based on erosion testing of the same material in air. The new erosion model has been compared to available models and has been implemented into a commercially available CFD code to predict erosion rates for a variety of flow conditions, flow geometries, and particle sizes. Since particle speed and impact angle greatly influence erosion rates of the material, calculated particle speeds were compared with measurements. Comparisons reveal that, as the particles penetrate the near wall shear layer, particles in the higher viscosity liquids tend to slow down more rapidly than particles in the lower viscosity liquids. In addition, CFD predictions and particle speed measurements are used to explain why the erosion data for larger particles is less sensitive to the increased viscosities.
Association Between Rate of Ganglion Cell Complex Thinning and Rate of Central Visual Field Loss (2022)

In this cohort study, rapid GCC thinning during an initial follow-up period was associated with faster rates of central visual field decline. These findings support use of longitudinal macular OCT scans assisting clinical decision-making for glaucoma and also may guide possible intensification of therapy in high-risk patients.
Importance of Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 for the Blood-Brain Barrier-Dependent Availability of 3,5,3′-Triiodo-l-Thyronine (2009)

Mutations of the gene expressing plasma membrane transporter for thyroid hormones MCT8 (SLC16A2) in humans lead to altered thyroid hormone levels and a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetically engineered defect of the Mct8 gene in mice leads to similar thyroid hormone abnormalities but no obvious impairment of brain development or function. In this work we studied the relative role of the blood-brain barrier and the neuronal plasma cell membrane in the restricted access of T(3) to the target neurons. To this end we compared the effects of low doses of T(4) and T(3) on cerebellar structure and gene expression in wild-type (Wt) and Mct8 null male mice [Mct8-/y, knockout (KO)] made hypothyroid during the neonatal period. We found that compared with Wt animals, T(4) was considerably more potent than T(3) in the Mct8KO mice, indicating a restricted access of T(3), but not T(4), to neurons after systemic administration in vivo. In contrast, T(3) action in cultured cerebellar neurons was similar in Wt cells as in Mct8KO cells. The results suggest that the main restriction for T(3) entry into the neural target cells of the mouse deficient in Mct8 is at the blood-brain barrier.
Materials Science The Relationship Between Hardness and Structure of Pd-Cu-Ga Alloys (1986)

Most Pd-Cu-Ga alloys on the market have a yield strength of the order of 1000 MPa, which is too high for an adequate adjustment of the margins of a crown and may promote wear of an opposing natural tooth. In the present work, the structure of a commercial Pd-10 wt% Cu-9 wt% Ga alloy has been shown by means of TEM to consist of thin (5-25 nm) laths with two ordered fct phases with the composition Pd3GaxCu1-x. The c/a ratios in these fct phases are, alternatingly, greater than 1 and less than 1. The transformation of an fcc structure by short atomic movements into the fct structures occurs rapidly below 500 degrees C, as judged by thermal expansion measurements. Such fct structures are likely to provide substantial resistance to dislocation movement and thus a high yield stress and hardness. By adding 6 wt% Ag to the Pd-Cu-Ga alloy and reducing the Ga and Cu content correspondingly, a predominantly fcc structure occurred with nearly no fct laths. At the same time, the hardness was reduced to approximately half the value for the initial Pd-Cu-Ga alloy.
2‐Sulfonylpyrimidines Target the Kinesin HSET via Cysteine Alkylation (2019)

Supernumerary centrosomes are a source of aneuploidy, and cells have adopted different mechanisms to avoid multipolar mitoses. The kinesin HSET is required for pseudo‐bipolar mitoses in cancer cells with amplified centrosomes and suppression of HSET activity is regarded a potential anti‐cancer approach. We report the identification of 2‐sulfonylpyrimidine inhibitors of HSET enzymatic activity. HSET inhibition results in establishment of multipolar mitoses and simultaneous inhibition of the kinesin Eg5 restored bipolar spindle formation. Correlation of structure to activity revealed that the 2‐sulfonylpyrimidinyl group is required for the activity of the compound class and that 2‐sulfonylpyrimidines covalently modify HSET. In addition, these electrophiles react with glutathione, thereby causing oxidative stress. This general reactivity needs to be taken into account if 2‐sulfonylpyrimidines will be employed in the development of biologically active small molecules.
An Integrated Home Financial Investment Learning Environment Applying Cloud Computing in Social Network Analysis (2011)

This paper tried to apply cloud computing technology in social network analysis for a comprehensive home financial learning environment that individual investors may use as a reference in establishing web-based learning and investment platforms. The major contributions were described in three parts. First, this paper advanced the social network analysis technology to be able to handle millions of nodes and links. Second, we demonstrate how cloud computing can be applied to advanced computing in social network. Third, we performed several intelligent analyses on a very popular social network, IHFILE, to identify some interesting and important features of it. In addition to analyzing a homogeneous social network such as IHFILE, we also propose direction of how cloud computing can be performed on a social network analysis as our future work.
Phosphaalkine – Synthesen, Reaktionen, Koordinationsverhalten (1988)

Abstract Organophosphorverbindungen werden auf zweierlei Art in der Synthesechemie eingesetzt: Entweder dienen sie als Hilfsreagentien wie etwa bei der Wittig‐Reaktion, oder sie werden selbst in die Zielmoleküle eingebaut. Gerade das zweite Anwendungsfeld hat sich durch die Herstellung niederkoordinierter Phosphorverbindungen in den letzten Jahren enorm erweitert. Zu den niederkoordinierten Phosphorverbindungen zählen auch Phosphaalkine, die im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags stehen und viel Interesse sowohl bei Organikern als auch bei Anorganikern gefunden haben. Der Einbau der PCR‐Einheit in Heterocyclen, in Phosphaarene und deren Valenzisomere sowie in polycyclische Verbindungen, die Verwendung als neue Ligandensysteme in der Komplexchemie und schließlich die Cyclooligomerisierung mit Organometallreagentien belegen dies auf eindrucksvolle Weise. Phosphaalkine haben bezüglich ihrer Reaktivität wenig mit Nitrilen gemeinsam, zeigen aber um so mehr Verwandtschaft mit den isoelektronischen Alkinen.
Ultrafast modelocked semiconductor laser - techniques and applications in networking, instrumentation and signal processing (2005)

This presentation will report our recent results for ultrashort pulse generation, low timing jitter pulses for sampling and metrology, optical frequency combs for coherent communications, and the use of ultrafast semiconductor diode lasers for potential applications in nonthermal ablation and machining.
On the improvement of annual performance of solar thermal power plants through exergy management (2013)

Advancing in the learning curve of solar thermal power plants (STPP) requires detailed analysis for reducing exergy losses in the energy conversion chain. This requirement should be applied to any configuration proposed for the solar field and the power block. The aim of this work is to perform this type of analysis for two ways of structuring the power plant. The first plant structure consists of a subdivision of the solar collector field into specialized sectors with specific goals conveying different requirements in temperature. The second plant structure is based on a dual thermal energy storage system with a defined hierarchy in the storage temperature. The subdivision of the solar field into different sectors reduces the exergy losses in the heating process of the working fluid. Moreover, the average temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the solar field decreases when it is compared to the conventional solar field, reducing this way the exergy losses in the collectors. The dual thermal energy storage system is devised for keeping the exergy input to the power block at its nominal level for long periods of time, including post-sunset hours. One of the storage systems gathers a fluid heated up to temperatures above the nominal value and the second one is the classical one. The combination of both allows the manager of the plant to keep the nominal operation of the plant for longer periods than in the case of classical system. Numerical simulations performed with validated models are the basis of the exergy analyses. The configurations are compared to a reference STPP in order to evaluate their worth. Furthermore, the behaviour of the configurations is analysed to study the irreversibility of the included devices. Special attention is paid to the storage systems, as they are a key issue in both plant structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of Size on Pharmacokinetics and Biodistributions of Mebendazole Nanoformulations in Mice and Rats (2008)

Impacts of Size on Pharmacokinetics and Biodistributions of Mebendazole Nanoformulations in Mice and Rats A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science College of Pharmacy, University of Houston -----------------------------------------In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy -----------------------------------------By Yulan Qi August, 2008
Multichannel imaging with the AMBER FMCW SAR (2014)

An X-band Digital Array Synthetic Aperture Radar for a Short Range Tactical UAV is presented. The Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar principle in combination with digital beam forming over 24 receive channels is used to achieve low power and advanced imaging SAR capabilities on small platform. Novel SAR imaging modes are discussed, and some examples are given. Real-time processing for such a system becomes a challenging task, and a practical example of an approach using GPU processing is presented in this paper.