gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting scene changes using synthetic aperture Radar interferometry (2006)

In repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), man-made scene disturbances are commonly detected by identifying changes in the mean backscatter power of the scene or by identifying regions of low coherence. Change statistics such as the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and the sample coherence, however, are susceptible to high false-alarm rates unless the change in the mean backscatter power is large or there is sufficient contrast in scene coherence between the changed and unchanged regions of the image pair. Furthermore, as the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and sample coherence measure different properties of a SAR image pair, both change statistics need to be considered to properly characterize scene changes. In this paper, models describing the changed and unchanged regions of a scene are postulated, and the detection problem is expressed in a Bayesian hypothesis-testing framework. Forming the log-likelihood ratio gives a single sufficient statistic, encoding changes in both the coherence and the mean backscatter power, for discriminating between the unchanged- and changed-scene models. The theoretical detection performance of the change statistic is derived and shows a significant improvement over both the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and sample coherence change statistics. Finally, the superior detection performance of the log-likelihood change statistic is demonstrated using experimental data collected using the Defence Science and Technology Organisation's Ingara X-band airborne SAR
Comparative Cardiovascular Effects of Tyramine, Ephedrine, and Norepinephrine in Man (1965)

The systemic hemodynamic and forearm vascular effects of tyramine, ephedrine, and norepinephrine were studied in normal male subjects. The pressor effect of tyramine was associated usually with bradycardia, unchanged cardiac output, and moderate arteriolar constriction in the forearm. A similar pressor effect of ephedrine was characterized by an increase of heart rate and output, with a slight fall in forearm vascular resistance. Occasional subjects responded to tyramine with an increase of cardiac output and a fall in forearm vascular resistance, and to ephedrine, with a marked increase of vascular resistance. The pressor effect of norepinephrine was associated always with bradycardia and with marked arteriolar and venous constriction in the forearm. Brachial arterial infusions of the drugs in nonpressor doses confirmed the vascular effects. Norepinephrine produced dose-dependent forearm constriction in all subjects, while vasodilatation was observed occasionally with tyramine and frequently with ephedrine. The demonstrated differences in local vascular and systemic hemodynamic effects of these drugs suggest some inconsistency in the hypothesis that the effect of either ephedrine or tyramine is mediated exclusively by norepinephrine release.
A formal treatment of the role of verified compilers in secure computation (2021)

verification EasyCrypt Computer-aided cryptography
Cell Plasticity and Heterogeneity in Cancer (2012)

Accumulating evidence surrounding the plasticity of cancer cells, in particular, suggests that aggressive CSCs can be created de novo within a tumor. Given the current focus on therapeutic targeting of CSCs, we discuss the implications of non-CSC-to-CSC conversions on the development of future therapies.
Weyl-Majorana solenoid (2017)

A Weyl semimetal wire with an axial magnetization has metallic surface states (Fermi arcs) winding along its perimeter, connecting bulk Weyl cones of opposite topological charge (Berry curvature). We investigate what happens to this "Weyl solenoid" if the wire is covered with a superconductor, by determining the dispersion relation of the surface modes propagating along the wire. Coupling to the superconductor breaks up the Fermi arc into a pair of Majorana modes, separated by an energy gap. Upon variation of the coupling strength along the wire there is a gap inversion that traps the Majorana fermions.
Structure of the 3’ Region of the Human Elastin Gene: Great Abundance of Alu Repetitive Sequences and Few Coding Sequences (1987)

Two overlapping clones encompassing 8.5 kb of the human elastin gene were isolated from two genomic libraries constructed by partial digestion with either HaeIII/AluI or Sau3A and contained in lambda Charon 4A or EMBL3, respectively. The 6 kb of DNA comprising the most 3' portion of the gene were sequenced demonstrating an extremely low coding ratio since only three exons containing a total of 134 translated nucleotides were identified. Two exons totaling 78 bp of translated sequences which were previously found in the bovine gene were absent in the human gene. The 3' most exon encoded the unusual amino acid sequence, GGACLGKACGRKRK. The human gene was terminated by 1.2 kb of untranslated sequence which contained two polyadenylation attachment signals. The remainder of the 6 kb was composed of intervening sequences which were abundantly rich in Alu family repetitive sequences found in both orientations. This first report of the characterization of the human elastin gene suggests that significant variation in the gene may exist between species and raises the possibility of consequential polymorphism, mediated by recombination between Alu sequences, in the human population.
Review: Cancer Immunotherapy by Exosome-Based Vaccines (2007)

Exosomes (EXOs) are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles secreted from epithelial and hematopoietic cells. They display a spectrum of molecules involved in immune responses and signal transductions. Previous studies showed that tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell (DC)- and tumor cell-derived EXOs (Dexo and Texo) induce tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor immunity in experimental animal models and human clinical trials. This review will present the main biologic features of Dexo and Texo as cell-free cancer vaccines with emphasis on their immunostimulatory properties and their potential efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I, MHC Class I Chain-Related Molecule A, and CD8+/Regulatory T-Cell Ratio: Which Variable Determines Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients? (2008)

Weak HLA-A-MICA expression combined with low CD8(+)/Treg ratio reveals a patient group with the poorest survival in cervical cancer. As a single variable, low CD8(+)/Treg ratio was a significant independent unfavorable prognostic factor.
Wideband RF analyzer with 32 channels based on parametric multicasting (2014)

A staring wideband RF channelization using parametric multicasting and spectral slicing via a periodic optical filter with 32 implemented channels is presented. Parametric multicasting is technique which replicates and spectrally translates an RF signal via optical nonlinear processes. Injection locking of the pump and signal lasers to a single master laser was implemented to improve performance and stabilize pump and signal spacings. Sensitivity and dynamic range in each channel is also discussed.
Advancements in microstructured semiconductor neutron detector (MSND)-based instruments (2015)

Microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSNDs) represent a compact, low-cost, high-efficiency means of solid-state thermal neutron detection. Trenches are etched into a 1-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or 4-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area pn-junction diode and backfilled with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> LiF neutron converting material. Charged-particle reaction products produced from neutron capture within the conversion material can be measured to indicate the presence of neutrons. MSNDs can be arranged into larger instruments due to their small size, high-efficiency, and low power consumption. A small, inexpensive electronics package named the ‘Domino’ was developed to facilitate the deployment of the MSND™ technology. The Domino is a complete electronics package that supports a single MSND™ with all necessary signal processing electronics. The Domino electronics were tiled together to form large-area arrays and portable detector arrays. Both were characterized with a small <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf source. A hand-held portable ‘Briefcase’ detector with 84 Dominoes™, forming a 30 cm × 38 cm array, weighed 21 lbs. A vehicle-portable ‘Panel Array’ detector with 480 Dominoes formed a 1 m × 1 m. For a bare <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf source, the ‘Briefcase’ detector and the ‘Panel Array’ detector yielded 0.27 ± 0.01 cps ng <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> (at 2 m) and 0.45 ± 0.01 cps ng <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> (at 5 m), respectively. Modified Domino packages (with upgraded MSNDs) were arranged into a 2-in. diameter, 6-in. long cylindrical form factor (HeRep Mk II) for direct <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He replacement, matching the efficiency of a 4-atm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He with similar dimensions. A third generation helium replacement (HeRep Mk III) was constructed to replace more compact <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He form factors, with a 0.75-in. diameter and 4.5-in. length. Populated with dual-sided MSNDs, this detector yielded 0.293 ± 0.003 cps ng <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> for bare <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf at 0.2 m.
Dynamic Configurable Floating-Point FFT Pipelines and Hybrid-Mode CORDIC on FPGA (2008)

Floating-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor and coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) element play important roles in communication and radar applications. But even with the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuit, it is usually impractical to implement these floating-point computations on FPGA, as they will consume a large amount of chip resources. In this paper, a compact SAR processor, composed of four 1D FFT-PEs (processing elements) and a CORDIC co-processor, is implemented on FPGA. In particular, a dynamic configurable pipeline is used in FFT-PE to reduce the area consumption through reusing floating-point units. And the 32-bit floating-point hybrid-mode CORDIC co-processor is implemented to generate compensation factors and compute transcendental functions in SAR image visualization phase. Experimental results show that our SAR processor performs well both in area and latency. It consumes about 40% of LUTs and DSPs, and about 48% of memory bits on a StratixII FPGA. Moreover, 32-bit floating-point hybrid-mode CORDIC co-processor only occupies about 2.6% LUTs and Registers of Virtex5 and achieves a clock frequency of 217 MHz. Regarding the latency, it takes 1232.6 ms to transform the SAR raw data of 4K*4K into a visible image of 256 grey levels and can meet the real-time requirement.
Automatic determination of laminated salient-pole synchronous machines parameters based on the finite element method. (1999)

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography and separated by immobilized pH gradient-isoelectric focusing (IPG-IEF) were examined by mass spectrometry directly, applying a new proteomics technology, virtual two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A preliminary examination of HDL particles has revealed at least 42 unique masses for protein species with isoelectric points between pH 5.47-5.04, some of which have not been observed previously. By delivering masses of intact proteins from complex cellular mixtures in a format that correlates directly to classical 2-D gel analyses, virtual 2-D gel electrophoresis constitutes a general discovery tool to expose and monitor protein isoforms and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, its general ability to deliver ions from sub-picomole level proteins enmeshed in complex cellular mixtures potentially fulfills the need of top-down proteomics to obtain intact protein ions from microscale samples. Additional comparison of such data to 2-D gel analyses and their identified proteins may elucidate the functions of the individual apolipoprotein components and the cardioprotective effects of HDL.
Yarbus’s Conceptions on the General Mechanisms of Color Perception (2015)

In the last series of papers published during 1975 to 1980, Alfred Yarbus tried to formulate general conceptions concerning the basic principles of retinal image processing in the human visual system. The original ideas of Yarbus were based on the results of his numerous and various experiments carried out with extraordinary inventiveness and great skill. Being concentrated primarily on the problems of color vision, Alfred Yarbus dreamed of elaborating a comprehensive model that would simulate visual information processing at the monocular precognitive level in the visual system of humans with normal trichromatic color perception. In this article, the most important of Yarbus' experimental paradigms, findings, statements, and conclusions are systematized and considered in relation to the classical theories of color perception and, in particular, fundamental theses of the Nyberg school. The perceptual model developed by Alfred Yarbus remained incomplete. Nevertheless, it is already evident that some intrinsic contradictions make it inadequate in terms of comprehensive modeling. However, certain partial advantages deserve more thorough appreciation and further investigation.
Lignified materials as medicinal resources. VI. Anti-HIV activity of dehydrogenation polymer of p-coumaric acid, a synthetic lignin, in a quasi-in-vivo assay system as an intermediary step to clinical trials. (1993)

After the dehydrogenation polymer of p-coumaric acid, a synthetic lignin, was intravenously injected into mice, the serum was collected immediately, 15 min, 1 h, 5 h, and 24 h after the injection. The serum thus obtained was added to the assay medium containing MT-4 cells infected with HTLV-IIIB (an HIV-1 strain). Inhibition of the cytopathogenicity of HIV by these serum preparations was assayed by the MTT method. The result revealed that lignins could be a promising class of anti-HIV agents with an unidentified unique mode of action.
A Compact EADFB Laser Array Module for a Future 100-Gb/s Ethernet Transceiver (2011)

A compact electroabsorption modulators integrated distributed feedback (EADFB) laser array module has been developed for 100-Gb/s Ethernet. Four 25-Gb/s EADFB lasers and an optical multiplexer are monolithically integrated on one chip in an area of only 2 mm × 2.6 mm. As a result, a compact 12 mm × 20 mm EADFB laser array module is achieved. A bridge-type RF circuit board is employed to transmit high-frequency, 4 × 25-Gb/s, electrical signals effectively in a narrow package and improve the electrical/optical response of the module. The module has a 3-dB frequency bandwidth of 20 GHz for the four lanes assigned in 100-Gb/s Ethernet. Furthermore, the possibility of realizing low-driving voltage operation is investigated to reduce the power consumption of the module. An error-free transmission through 10 km of single-mode fiber at 100 Gb/s with a modulation voltage of only 1 V is demonstrated.
Amphibious NDT Robots (2007)

Oil, petrochemical, and food processing industries worldwide store their raw materials and product in tens of thousands of storage tanks. The tanks are mostly constructed using&#13;\nwelded steel plates and therefore subject to corrosion and weld cracking. Testing the structural integrity of these storage tanks with non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques is an expensive and time consuming activity. The walls of a large tank can usually be tested manually (for corrosion thinning and weld defects using ultrasonic techniques) from outside&#13;\nthe tank. Access to most areas of a wall is obtained by constructing scaffolding or abseiling down from the top. However, erecting scaffolding is expensive and the inspection is tedious and slow. These costs can be reduced and the inspection speeded up by using climbing robots that deploy ultrasonic probes with scanning arms.
Production ofL-lactic acid byLactobacillus delbrueckii in chemostat culture using an ion exchange resins system (1999)

L-Lactic acid production from beet molasses by Lactobacillus delbrueckii CECT 286 in a continuous fermenter-ion exchange resins system has been investigated and compared with that observed in a conventional chemostat. The principle of this method is to remove the lactate during the course of fermentation as it is formed by adsorption to an anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-420) in the carbonate form and to overcome its inhibitory effects on lactic acid bacteria by maintaining low lactate concentrations in the medium. Ammonium lactate was formed by percolating ammonium carbonate solution through this resin and it was converted to lactic acid by treatment with a cation exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120) in hydrogen form. Compared with a conventional chemostat, this fermentation–ion exchange resins system enhanced the fermentation, controlled the pH, and showed the remarkable effect of increasing the yields of lactic acid from sucrose and biomass from sucrose due to the complete utilization of sucrose. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Human health risk associated with metal exposure at Agbogbloshie e-waste site and the surrounding neighbourhood in Accra, Ghana (2023)

Agbogbloshie in Accra, Ghana, was a center for informal e-waste recycling until it was closed recently. This study investigated the potential health risks of toxic metals (including As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) found in the surface soils based on their concentrations and in vitro bioaccessibility. Mean concentrations at the burning sites were As: 218; Cd: 65; Cr: 182; Cu: 15,841; Ni: 145; Pb: 6,106; Sb: 552; and Zn: 16,065 mg/kg while the dismantling sites had mean concentrations of As: 23; Cd: 38; Cr: 342; Cu: 3239; Ni: 96; Pb: 681; Sb: 104; and Zn: 1658 mg/kg. The findings confirmed the enrichment of potentially toxic metals at the dismantling and burning sites, exceeding international environmental soil quality guidelines. Based on the total metal concentrations, bioaccessibility, and calculated risk indices, the risks associated with incidental ingestion of soil-borne metal contaminants at the dismantling and burning sites were very high. Despite evidence of higher metal concentrations in the communities near the burning and dismantling sites, the human health risk associated with soil ingestion was significantly lower in the surrounding neighborhood.
Development of color flexible pavement applicable to elementary school zone (2007)

There have been increasing demands to use bright color pavements for elementary school zones, giving a warning sign to drivers and protecting the children. This study was initiated to investigate the applicability of color flexible concrete pavement (CFCP) for elementary school zones in South Korea. Color flexible pavement has been applied to non-motorway pavements, such as pedestrian and bicycle roads. This paper presents the engineering properties of color flexible concrete pavement used for motorway pavement of elementary school zones. A commercial polymer of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used to modify the transparent binder and to increase the performance characteristics of color flexible concrete pavement. Waste paper was used to prevent the binder draindown of gap-graded mixture. Evaluation of the mixtures included the following testing procedures: Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and permanent deformation. The results from this study showed that 1) the color asphalt concrete mixtures used in this study had nearly the same quality in engineering properties when compared with conventional asphalt concrete mixtures, and 2) there have been no apparent problems in application of color flexible pavement in the field, especially in the elementary school zones.
A Study on the Context Analysis of Dining Culture in Yam Cha (2009)

식문화는 과학과 기술의 발전에 밀접한 관계를 갖고 변화해 왔다. 냉동 기술의 발전과 운송기술의 발전은 날생선 요리를 사막 한가운데서 까지도 먹을 수 있게 했다. 근래에는 정보 기술의 접목으로 음식 재료, 신선도, 만든이, 음식 이력 과 같은 다양한 정보와 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 이러한 정보기술을 활용한 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 정보기술과 식문화의 접목을 위한 식문화 정보체계가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 식문화와 정보기술의 효과적인 접목을 위한 첫 번째 단계로 식문화의 정황을 정의 하고 이들의 요소와 관계를 도출 하고자 한다. 본 연구는 식문화를 음식과 사람 그리고 사람과 사람의 매개체로 보고 이들 간의 관계를 중심으로 해석 하였다. 조사대상은 중국남방의 대표적 음식중 하나인 ‘얌차’를 선정하였고 중국 광저우 미술대학 학생들과 같이 진행한 조사결과를 활용하였다.
Theory of covariance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2004)

Covariance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides an effective way for establishing nuclear spin connectivities in molecular systems. The method, which identifies correlated spin dynamics in terms of covariances between 1D spectra, benefits from a high spectral resolution along the indirect dimension without requiring apodization and Fourier transformation along this dimension. The theoretical treatment of covariance NMR spectroscopy is given for NOESY and TOCSY experiments. It is shown that for a large class of 2D NMR experiments the covariance spectrum and the 2D Fourier transform spectrum can be related to each other by means of Parseval's theorem. A general procedure is presented for the construction of a symmetric spectrum with improved resolution along the indirect frequency domain as compared to the 2D FT spectrum.
Influence of the Surfactant Structure on Photoluminescent π-Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles: Interfacial Properties and Protein Binding (2018)

π-Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are under investigation as photoluminescent agents for diagnostics and bioimaging. To determine whether the choice of surfactant can improve CPN properties and prevent protein adsorption, five nonionic polyethylene glycol alkyl ether surfactants were used to produce CPNs from three representative π-conjugated polymers. The surfactant structure did not influence size or yield, which was dependent on the nature of the conjugated polymer. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, contact angle, quartz crystal microbalance, and neutron reflectivity studies were used to assess the affinity of the surfactant to the conjugated polymer surface and indicated that all surfactants were displaced by the addition of a model serum protein. In summary, CPN preparation methods which rely on surface coating of a conjugated polymer core with amphiphilic surfactants may produce systems with good yields and colloidal stability in vitro, but may be susceptible to significant surface alterations in physiological fluids.