gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural defects and deep-level centers in 4H-SiC epilayers grown by sublimational epitaxy in vacuum (2000)

The parameters of deep-level centers in lightly doped 4H-SiC epilayers grown by sublimational epitaxy and CVD were investigated. Two deep-level centers with activation energies E c -0.18 eV and E c -0.65 eV (Z1 center) were observed and tentatively identified with structural defects of the SiC crystal lattice. The Z1 center concentration is shown to fall with decreasing uncompensated donor concentration N d -N a in the layers. For the same N d -N a , the Z1 center concentration is lower in layers with a higher dislocation density.
Embedded Stereo Vision System for Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (2006)

This paper reports our work on an embedded stereo vision system, designed to be part of an existing intelligent autonomous vehicle that participated in the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005. There are two algorithms executed on the stereo vision system. The first algorithm detects the lane, consisting of the drivable area in front of the vehicle. The second algorithm searches for obstacles that are on the predicted trajectory. This paper presents the hardware configuration, the algorithms and their functional behavior. Furthermore, evaluation results during the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005 are presented.
Agrilus auroguttatus exit hole distributions on Quercus agrifolia boles and a sampling method to estimate their density on individual trees (2012)

Abstract In recent decades, invasive phloem and wood borers have become important pests in North America. To aid tree sampling and survey efforts for the newly introduced goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), we examined spatial patterns of exit holes on the boles (trunks) of 58 coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagaceae), trees at five sites in San Diego County, southern California, United States of America. Agrilus auroguttatus exit hole densities were greater at the root collar than at mid-boles (6.1 m above ground). Dispersion patterns of exit holes on lower boles (≤1.52 m) were random for trees with low exit hole densities and aggregated for trees with high exit hole densities. The mean exit hole density measured from three randomly chosen quadrats (0.09 m 2 ) provided a statistically reliable estimate of the true mean exit hole density on the lower bole, with &lt;25% error from the true mean. For future sampling and survey efforts in southern California oak forests and woodlands, exit hole counts within a 0.09 m 2 quadrat could be made at any three locations on lower Q. agrifolia boles to accurately estimate A. auroguttatus exit hole densities at the individual tree level.
191. Monomethyl-indoles, -benzofurans, and -benzothiophens, their long-range and other proton–proton couplings, and the non-equivalence of methylene protons in some intermediate diethyl acetals (1964)

J. A. Elvidge and R. G. Foster, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 981 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640000981
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation with Alkyl Electrophiles: Cyanation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Chlorides at Room Temperature (2015)

We have recently reported that, in the presence of light and a copper catalyst, nitrogen nucleophiles such as carbazoles and primary amides undergo C-N coupling with alkyl halides under mild conditions. In the present study, we establish that photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation can also be applied to C-C bond formation, specifically, that the cyanation of unactivated secondary alkyl chlorides can be achieved at room temperature to afford nitriles, an important class of target molecules. Thus, in the presence of an inexpensive copper catalyst (CuI; no ligand coadditive) and a readily available light source (UVC compact fluorescent light bulb), a wide array of alkyl halides undergo cyanation in good yield. Our initial mechanistic studies are consistent with the hypothesis that an excited state of [Cu(CN)2](-) may play a role, via single electron transfer, in this process. This investigation provides a rare example of a transition metal-catalyzed cyanation of an alkyl halide, as well as the first illustrations of photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation with either a carbon nucleophile or a secondary alkyl chloride.
Characterization of the oxidation and oxidation-sulfidation of chromium niobium alloys (1994)

Materials in mixed corrosion environments, such as those in coal gasification processes or other energy conversion systems, may be exposed to both oxygen and sulfur. Alloys that exhibit simultaneous oxidation and sulfidation resistance are sought for these applications. Alloys containing sufficient Al or Cr readily form a protective oxide scale but generally have high sulfidation rates. Refractory metals, such as Nb or Mo, form protective sulfides but oxidize at catastrophic rates. Materials containing additives of one of these groups have been studied for their complex corrosion resistance. A binary alloy containing components from each group (Cr and Nb) has been investigated in mixed oxidants . Isothermal thermogravimetric measurements give overall scale growth kinetics but do not give details for complex scales or substrates. Multiple layers, different growth regimes and preferential corrosion can complicate interpretation. The environmental SEM with a hot stage attachment allows the observation of scale development at temperature.
Theoretical Cost Effectiveness of Management Options for Children With Persisting Middle Ear Effusions (1994)

Although the analysis does not consider risks, side effects, and parental or provider preferences, the findings suggest that the implementation of cost-effective clinical guidelines can potentially reduce national expenditures for managing persistent middle ear effusions.
Effects of propranolol inhalation on the diurnal increase in FEV1 and on propranolol airways responsiveness in atopic subjects with asthma. (1995)

<b>Objective:</b> To identify risk factors for injury to cricket fast bowlers using field-based tests. <b> Design: </b>Prospective cohort study. <b> Setting:</b> High performance Australian cricket. <b> Participants: </b>Ninety-one male adolescent and adult fast bowlers (aged 12 - 33 years). <b> Assessment of risk factors:</b> A field-based pre-participation screening, consisting of musculoskeletal, fitness and anthropometric assessments and analysis of bowling technique was undertaken. Bowlers were prospectively monitored over the 2003-04 season and bowling workload and injuries were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify injury risk factors. <b> Main outcome measurement:</b> Repetitive microtrauma injury to the trunk, back or lower limb, associated with fast bowling. <b> Results:</b> Two variables were identified as independent predictors of injury in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Bowlers with hip internal rotation of ≤30° on the leg ipsilateral to the bowling arm were at a significantly reduced risk of injury (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.73) compared with bowlers with &gt;40° of rotation. Bowlers with an ankle dorsiflexion lunge of 12.1 - 14.0cm on the leg contralateral to the bowling arm were at a significantly increased risk (OR = 4.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 15.21), as compared with bowlers with a lunge of &gt;14cm. Bowlers with a lunge of ≤12cm were also at an increased risk, but not significantly so (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.40 to 4.84). <b>Conclusions:</b> Biomechanical research is needed to investigate how these two intrinsic risk factors increase injury risk, so that appropriate interventions can be developed.
Efficient probabilistically checkable proofs and applications to approximations (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Efficient probabilistically checkable proofs and applications to approximations Authors: M. Bellare View Profile , S. Goldwasser View Profile , C. Lund View Profile , A. Russell View Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '93: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingJune 1993 Pages 294–304https://doi.org/10.1145/167088.167174Published:01 June 1993Publication History 182citation659DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations182Total Downloads659Last 12 Months70Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Two-step pulsed electric current sintering of transparent Al2O3ceramics (2013)

Fully densified Al2O3 ceramics with fine grain size were obtained by pulsed electric current sintering through a two-step heating profile (referred to as TS-PECS). Highly transparent Al2O3 polycrystals with fine grain size (400 nm) were successfully fabricated by the TS-PECS process, namely, sintering at 1000°C for 1 h and followed at 1200°C for 20 min under uniaxial pressure of 100 MPa. Effects of the first step temperature and heating rate were discussed for bulk density, grain size and transparency. The temperature in the first step strongly affects densification and grain growth of Al2O3. On the other hand, heating rate, even of 100 K min−1, in TS-PECS does not give significant influences on densification and grain growth of Al2O3. Inline transmittance at 640 nm in wavelength normalised to 1 mm in thickness is increased by decreasing heating rate even in TS-PECS.
A new high density and very low cost reprogrammable FPGA architecture (1999)

A new reprogrammable FPGA architecture is described which is specifically designed to be of very low cost. It covers a range of 35K to a million usable gates. In addition, it delivers high performance and it is synthesis efficient. This architecture is loosely based on an earlier reprogrammable Actel architecture named ES. By changing the structure of the interconnect and by making other improvements, we achieved an average cost reduction by a factor of three per usable gate. The first member of the family based on this architecture is fabricated on a 2.54 standard 0.25~ CMOS technology with a gate count of up to 130K which also includes 36K bits of two port RAM. The gate count of this part is verified in a fully automatic design flow starting from a high level description followed by synthesis, technology mapping, place and route, and timing extraction.
Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography imaging by affine-motion image registration (2011)

Signal-degrading speckle is one factor that can reduce the quality of optical coherence tomography images. We demonstrate the use of a hierarchical model-based motion estimation processing scheme based on an affine-motion model to reduce speckle in optical coherence tomography imaging, by image registration and the averaging of multiple B-scans. The proposed technique is evaluated against other methods available in the literature. The results from a set of retinal images show the benefit of the proposed technique, which provides an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of the square root of the number of averaged images, leading to clearer visual information in the averaged image. The benefits of the proposed technique are also explored in the case of ocular anterior segment imaging.
Ahead of the curve (2015)

Rasmussen, Todd E. MD; Baer, David G. PhD; Cap, Andrew P. MD, PhD; Lein, Brian C. MD Author Information
The Use of a Programmable Coordinate Remapper As a Preprocessing Stage for Real Time Pattern Recognition (2005)

It is known that the cone photoreceptor distribution on the retinal layer of a human eye is fairly uniform in density at the fovea then decreases in an exponential fashion as radial distance from the fovea increases. There is evidence to support the hypothesis that a conformal logarithmic mapping exists between the retina and the brain. It is this mapping which may provide the human visual system an ability to convert scale and rotational changes in the input image plane into, respectively, translational and cyclic shifts in some higher level output correlation feature plane. If the HVS does indeed work on some holographic associative memory principal then this mapping may partially explain our visual systems ability for real time scale and rotational invariant pateern recognition. NASA has recently developed a programmable coordinate remapper which is being used as a preprocessing stage to a coherent optical correlator. This paper describes that system emphasizing the digital remapper and its use in real time scale and rotational invariant pattern recognition for synthetic vision systems based upon human visual system characteristics.
DNA-binding Proteins Induced by the Cottontail Rabbit Herpesvirus CTHV (1988)

Several new polypeptides were detected in cells infected with CTHV, a cottontail rabbit herpesvirus. All of them (Mr 150K, 110K, 93K, 83K, 75K and 35K) accumulated in the nucleus during the infectious cycle, and all except the 150K species bound to DNA-cellulose affinity columns in low-salt buffers. Polyclonal antisera prepared against the 35K DNA-binding protein also recognized the 75K species. Although the 75K protein could be detected earlier in infection than the 35K protein, late in the infectious cycle the latter increased to an abundance approaching that of cellular histones. Treatment of partially purified virions with a non-ionic detergent indicated that the 35K protein, but not the 75K protein, is a component of capsid/tegument structures. The anti-35K/75K serum did not cross-react with herpesvirus sylvilagus virion proteins, which, in an electrophoretic comparison, exhibited both similarities to and differences from the virion proteins of CTHV. Labelling of CTHV-infected cells with [32P]orthophosphate revealed the presence of phosphoproteins electrophoretically comigrating with the 93K, 83K, 75K and 35K proteins.
Cover Picture: Efficient Vanadium‐Catalyzed Aerobic C−C Bond Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols (Adv. Synth. Catal. 17/2018) (2018)

The inside cover picture, provided by Giulia Licini, Carles Bo and coworkers illustrates the highly chemoselective aerobic oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols to the corresponding carbonyl derivatives catalyzed by vanadium-aminotriphenolate complexes. This catalytic method works with a large variety of glycols, linear or cyclic, with aromatic or aliphatic substituents. Pre-association of the substrate to the metal center, followed by a two-electron oxidation mechanism, yields the carbonyl derivatives and a reduced VIII metal complex, which is rapidly oxidized back to the catalyst by O2. Details of this work can be found in the full paper on pages 3281–3291 (E. Amadio, J. González-Fabra, D. Carraro, W. Denis, B. Gjoka, C. Zonta, K. Bartik, F. Cavani, S. Solmi, C. Bo, G. Licini, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2018, 360, 3281–3291; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800050).
Integrins and adhesion molecules: Gelatinase and oncofetal fibronectin secretion is dependent on integrin expression on human cytotrophoblasts* (1995)

Collagenolytic activity of cytotrophoblasts is stimulated by glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix and since this stimulation can possibly occur through integrins, we measured the gelatinolytic activity of villous and extravillous cytotrophoblasts according to the type of integrins expressed on these cells. Cytotrophoblasts were isolated from legal abortions, immunopurified with anti-CD45, separated according to their expression of histocompatibility-linked antigen (HLA)-G, alpha 6 or alpha 5 integrin subunits and cultured for 5 days on plastic or agarose. Fetal fibronectin, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the gelatinolytic activity were measured in the culture supernatants. Following immunopurification with anti-CD45, the gelatinolytic activity of cytotrophoblasts was significantly higher than before, indicating that contaminating lymphomyeloid cells secreted gelatinolytic inhibitors. HLA-G positive cells secreted significantly more gelatinases than HLA-G negative cells but their HCG secretion was similar. Compared to alpha 5 positive cells, alpha 6 positive cytotrophoblasts secreted significantly more gelatinases, significantly less fibronectin but similar amounts of HCG. We conclude that during trophoblast invasion, extravillous cytotrophoblasts (HLA-G positive) expressing the alpha 6 integrin subunit represent the invasive population of cells (high gelatinase and low fibronectin secretion). When expression of the alpha 5 integrin subunit is turned on, their invasive behaviour ceases and they secrete low amounts of gelatinases and high concentrations of fibronectin.
[The expression of migration inhibitory factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and its correlation with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus]. (2004)

MIF mRNA expression in PBMC and serum MIF concentration is significantly increased in patients with SLE and correlates with SLE disease activity. Serum MIF levels may be a useful parameter for monitoring disease active in patients with SLE.
A comparison of mechanisms for improving mobile IP handoff latency for end-to-end TCP (2003)

Handoff latency results in packet losses and severe End-to-End TCP performance degradation as TCP, perceiving these losses as congestion, causes source throttling or retransmission. In order to mitigate these effects, various Mobile IP(v6) extensions have been designed to augment the base Mobile IP with hierarchical registration management, address pre-fetching and local retransmission mechanisms. While these methods have reduced the impact of losses on TCP goodput and improved handoff latency, no comparative studies have been done regarding the relative performance amongst them. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluated the impact of layer-3 handoff latency on End-to-End TCP for various Mobile IP(v6) extensions. Five such frameworks are compared with the base Mobile IPv6 framework, namely, i) Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, ii) Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 with Fast-handover, iii) (Flat) Mobile IPv6 with Fast-handover, iv) Simultaneous Bindings, and v) Seamless handoff architecture for Mobile IP (S-MIP). We propose an evaluation model examining the effect of linear and ping-pong movement on handoff latency and TCP goodput, for all above frameworks. Our results show that S-MIP performs best under both ping-pong and linear movements during a handoff, with latency comparable to a layer-2 (access layer) handoff. All other frameworks suffer from packet losses and performance degradation of some sort. We also proposed an optimization for S-MIP which improves the performance by further eliminating the possibility of packets out of order, caused by the local packet forwarding mechanisms of S-MIP.
Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Contamination of Cabbage Transplants and the Potential for Insecticide Resistance Problems (1996)

Samples collected from 1989 to 1992 document that the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) was introduced into New York in early spring on cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata (L.), transplants grown in the southern United States. During 1989, transplant shipments from five transplant companies in Florida, Georgia and Maryland were sampled for P. xylostella. In 1989, average seasonal infestations per transplant company ranged from 1.3 to 3.5 P. xylostella per 100 transplants. During June, when the majority of transplants arrived in New York, P. xylostella infestations were as high as 12.8 insects per 100 transplants on an individual shipment. Infestations by cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), imported cabbageworm, Artogeia (=Pieris) rapae (L.), and cabbage webworm, Hellula rogatalis (Hulst), on an individual shipment were as high as 19.7 insects per 100 transplants. Compared with a standard susceptible field population, the P. xylostella which were collected from transplants demonstrated moderate to high (&amp;gt; than 100-fold in one case) levels of resistance to permethrin or methomyl. In 1990, average seasonal infestations per transplant company varied from 0.3 to 12.0 P. xylostella per 100 plants, but an individual shipment from Florida had 30.4 P. xylostella per 100 transplants. A population of P. xylostella collected in 1990 from Florida transplants had &amp;gt;200-fold resistance to methomyl. Despite intensive treatments, a New York grower who used the transplants with high contamination of resistant P. xylostella was unable to achieve acceptable control in his field. Samples collected from 1989 to 1992 from a transplant grower in Maryland indicate that better management in the field can reduce contamination levels to &amp;lt; 0.5%. The introduction of P. xylostella, especially those resistant to insecticides, on transplants poses a serious threat to cabbage growers and interregional management strategies should be adopted.
Spontaneous P-parity violation in dense baryon matter (2007)

We investigate possibilities for dynamical P-parity violation in dense baryon matter in the framework of effective quark models. Dynamical P-parity violation can appear in models with at least two scalar and two pseudoscalar fields, where both scalar fields are condensed at normal conditions. At special configurations of coupling constants, one of pseudoscalar fields can then also condense at some value of baryon density, the phenomenon results in mixing of the scalar and pseudoscalar physical degrees of freedom, hence, giving rise to P-parity violation. We discuss the implications and possible experimental signatures for P-parity violation in strong interactions in future experiments with heavy-ion collisions.
Development Platforms for Mobile Applications: Status and Trends (2010)

Mobile devices are increasingly accepted as suitable media for multimedia-rich applications. Software firms have started promoting programming platforms and tools tailored to satisfy the requirements of mobile device users, developers, and resource constraints. This article reviews the main characteristics, relative merits, and shortcomings of the most popular development platform options - specifically, Java ME, .NET Compact Framework, Flash Lite, and Android. It evaluates and compares these options according to various quantitative and qualitative criteria. It aims to serve as a reference point and guide for developers and practitioners in choosing a mobile platform for development on information appliances.
Development of a Stepwise Reductive Deoxygenation Process by Ru‐Catalysed Homogeneous Ketone Reduction and Pd‐Catalysed Hydrogenolysis in the Presence of Cu Salts (2013)

Abstract A stepwise catalytic reduction of ketone 1 to alcohol 2 and subsequently to aryl(imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazinyl)methane 3 is described, which provides synthetically useful chemoselectivity at acceptably low catalyst loadings. Undesired reactive sites include an aryl chloride, heteroarylchloride and benzylic amine group. The presence of these functional groups presents a significant challenge to chemoselectivity for both reduction steps. For selective CO reduction of highly functionalised 1 , high chemoselectivity was observed at low catalyst loading by using Wills’ tethered Ru transfer‐hydrogenation catalyst 13 . The selective hydrogenolysis of 2 was then accomplished under acidic hydrogenation conditions by using a Pd/C catalyst in the presence of Cu salts. This procedure has been demonstrated on a multi‐gram scale, which makes this approach a viable method to use a combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
SURFACE PLASMON ENHANCED OPTICAL SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN ULTRA-THIN METALLIC FILMS (1999)

Internal reflection of second-harmonic generations from silver films with thickness ranging from 5 nm to 50 nm are enhanced by the excitation of surface plasmons under Kretschmann configuration. Enhancement of the SHG was observed at a film thickness of 20 nm resulting from the field enhancement of granular structure. For thinner films, the surface reveals disconnected islands as inspected by the atomic force microscopy. The incident angular position to find the peak intensity and the change of linewidth of the SHG can almost satisfactorily be predicted by the theory based on surface scattering.