gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of hepatic endothelial cell and macrophage proliferation and nitric oxide production by GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-1 beta following acute endotoxemia. (1994)

Treatment of rats with bacterially derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a condition that mimics acute endotoxemia, results in a significant increase in the number of endothelial cells and macrophages in the liver. This is correlated with the release of proinflammatory and cytotoxic mediators that induce liver damage. In the present studies, we analyzed the effects of various inflammatory mediators released during the pathogenesis of hepatic injury on proliferation of liver nonparenchymal cells. To induce acute endotoxemia female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with 5 mg/kg LPS. Endothelial cells and macrophages were isolated 48 h later by combined collagenase and pronase perfusion of the liver followed by centrifugal elutriation. Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) had no effect on proliferation of either endothelial cells or macrophages. In contrast, whereas interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells from untreated rats, this cytokine stimulated the growth of cells from endotoxemic rats. The colony-stimulating factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), also markedly enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells, as well as macrophages from endotoxemic rats. Macrophages from endotoxemic rats were more sensitive to the colony-stimulating factors than cells from untreated rats. In contrast, the inflammatory mediators LPS and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inhibited endothelial cell and macrophage growth, an effect that was partially blocked in endothelial cells by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). This suggests that growth inhibition in these cells is mediated, in part, by nitric oxide. Interestingly, in both endothelial cells and macrophages from endotoxemic rats, GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-1 beta synergized with LPS and IFN-gamma to induce nitric oxide production. This was correlated with a further inhibition of proliferation that was partially reversed by L-NMMA in endothelial cells but not macrophages. Taken together these data demonstrate that endothelial cell and macrophage proliferation in the liver is controlled by a variety of mediators released during endotoxemia; however, the mechanisms regulating growth in the two cell types are distinct.
Home Camera-Based Fall Detection System for the Elderly (2017)

Falls are the leading cause of injury and death in elderly individuals. Unfortunately, fall detectors are typically based on wearable devices, and the elderly often forget to wear them. In addition, fall detectors based on artificial vision are not yet available on the market. In this paper, we present a new low-cost fall detector for smart homes based on artificial vision algorithms. Our detector combines several algorithms (background subtraction, Kalman filtering and optical flow) as input to a machine learning algorithm with high detection accuracy. Tests conducted on over 50 different fall videos have shown a detection ratio of greater than 96%.
Assessment of Aspergillus fumigatus Burden in Pulmonary Tissue of Guinea Pigs by Quantitative PCR, Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay, and Quantitative Culture (2008)

Early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is problematic in some patient groups due to the lack of rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable diagnostic tests. Fungal burden and therapeutic efficacy were assessed by survival, quantitative culture (CFU counts), galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (GM-EIA), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a new guinea pig model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis using an aerosol challenge. At 1 day postinfection, qPCR determined that the pulmonary fungal burden was 2 log(10) higher than that determined by CFU counting and increased significantly (P < 0.03) over time. In contrast, the tissue burden assessed by CFU counting did not rise over the course of the study. Therapy with the antifungal drug voriconazole produced statistically significant decreases in pulmonary fungal burden, as detected by CFU counting (P < 0.02), qPCR, and GM-EIA (both P < 0.0002). Daily assessment of the progression of fungal infection in serum was performed by qPCR and GM-EIA. GM-EIA demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the fungal load on days 6 and 7 in voriconazole-treated animals compared to time-matched controls (P < 0.02). Confirmation of fungal tissue burden by two or more methods should provide a more precise account of the burden, allowing improved assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Beyond hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Simultaneous combination with x-ray diffraction (2013)

Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is a powerful and novel emerging technique for the nondestructive determination of electronic properties and chemical composition of bulk, buried interfaces and surfaces. It benefits from the exceptionally large escape depth of high kinetic energy photoelectrons, increasing the information depth up to several tens of nanometers. Complementing HAXPES with an atomic structure sensitive technique (such as x-ray diffraction) opens a new research field with major applications for materials science. At SpLine, the Spanish CRG beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, we have developed a novel experimental set-up that combines HAXPES and x-ray diffraction (x-ray reflectivity, surface x-ray diffraction, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and reciprocal space maps). Both techniques can be operated simultaneously on the same sample and using the same excitation source. The set-up includes a robust 2S + 3D diffractometer hosting a ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with a unique photoelectron spectrometer (few eV &amp;lt; electron kinetic energy &amp;lt; 15 keV), x-ray tube (Mg/Ti), 15 keV electron gun, and auxiliary standard surface facilities (molecular beam epitaxy evaporator, ion gun, low energy electron diffraction, sample heating/cooling system, leak valves, load-lock sample transfer, etc.). This end-station offers the unique possibility of performing simultaneous HAXPES + x-ray diffraction studies. In the present work, we describe the experimental set-up together with two experimental examples that emphasize its outstanding capabilities: (i) nondestructive characterization of the Si/Ge and HfO2/SiO2 interfaces on Ge-based CMOS devices, and (ii) strain study on La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 ultrathin films grown on SrTiO3(001) substrate.
Rac1 Protects Epithelial Cells against Anoikis (2001)

Rho family members play a critical role in malignant transformation. Anchorage-independent growth and the ability to avoid apoptosis caused by loss of anchorage (anoikis) are important features of transformed cells. Here we show that constitutive activation of Rac1 inhibits anoikis in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. Constitutively active Rac1-V12 decreases DNA fragmentation and caspase activity by 50% in MDCK cells kept in suspension. In addition, expression of Rac1-V12 in MDCK cells in suspension conditions causes an increase in the number of surviving cells. We also investigated the signaling pathways that are activated by Rac1 to stimulate cell survival. We show that expression of Rac1-V12 in MDCK cells in suspension stimulates a number of signaling cascades that have been implicated in the control of cell survival, including the p42/44 ERK, p38, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappaB pathways. Using specific chemical or protein inhibitors of these respective pathways, we show that Rac1-mediated cell survival strongly depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and that activation of ERK, p38, and NF-kappaB are largely dispensable for Rac1 survival signaling. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that Rac1 can suppress apoptosis in epithelial cells in anchorage-independent conditions and suggest a potential role for Rac1-mediated survival signaling in cell transformation.
The Selection of Reference Anchor Nodes and Benchmark Anchor Node in the Localization Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Network (2012)

Abstract This paper analyzes the source of the localization error in the least square localization (LSL) algorithm, and introduces the thought of distance clustering to select the reference anchor nodes, and gives a new principle to select the benchmark anchor node. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes an improved least square localization algorithm based on the distance clustering and the selection of benchmark anchor node (LSL DCRB). Although the improved localization algorithm decreases the number of anchor nodes, the simulation results indicate that the improved localization algorithm can improve the localization precision effectively.
Computer-Based Modeling in the Teaching of Steady-State Enzyme Kinetics (1976)

Equations are derived for the steady-state treatment of enzyme reactions with one type of inhibitor, consisting of one reaction cycle or two connected cycles. Computerized stimulation programs are described which are designed to acquaint the student thoroughly with the behavior of enzyme systems. The user has freedom in the choice of parameters for the system, including up to three product-producing rate constants for the two-cycle system.
MIMO Series–Series Feedback Amplifiers (2007)

This brief defines a new type of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplifier. We present basic structures for this MIMO series-series feedback amplifier (MIMO-SSFA), and the basic design equations. We provide a detailed example showing how this MIMO-SSFA may be used as a transmitting circuit for multiconductor interconnections.
Properties of a test bench to verify standard compliance of proximity transponders (2008)

Applications for public transport, electronic government or electronic banking based on ISO/IEC 14443, the standard for 13.56 MHz proximity contactless chip technology, require a huge number of integrated transponder chips, which up to now already exceeds 3 billion samples out in the field all over the world. It is a specific attribute of the passive RFID technology, that supply power, command reception and information transmission for the transponder chip is connected to one air interface. This requires to vary and test all parameters in combination, to be able to cover the real application case. We present a modular test bench allowing to combine higher layer protocol tests with analogue parameter variation in the contactless antenna arrangement as specified in the ISO/IEC 10373-6 test standard. As the HF near field technology cannot be covered just by relaxed UHF test methods but provides different and specific challenges, we focus on the specified antenna arrangement and explain in detail some of the properties and measurement concepts.
Autonomous perceptual feature extraction in a topology-constrained architecture (2008)

In this paper, it is shown that the Feature-Extracting Bidirectional Associative Memory (FEBAM) can encompass competitive model features based on winner-take-all, kwinners-take-all and self-organizing feature map properties. The modified model achieves perceptual multidimensional feature extraction, cluster-based category formation through simultaneous creation of prototype/exemplar memories, and topological dimensionality reduction. FEBAM is shown to evolve from locally-coded (prototype-based) to distributed or “sparsely-coded” (exemplar-based) representations.
Glucosinolate content in interspecific crosses of Brassica carinata with B. juncea and B. napus (1997)

Abstract Brassica carinata A. Braun is a highly productive oilseed crop in the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed has a high 2‐propenyl glucosinolate content, which is undesirable. The objective of this study was to introgress, through interspecific crosses, genes for low 2‐propenyl glucosinolate content from the B genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. napus into the B. carinata B and C genomes and thus develop low glucosinolate B. carinata. The cross [( B. carinata × B. juncea ) × B. carinata ] yielded plants that contained only ∼ 20 μmoles of 2‐propenyl glucosinolate, which was an 85% reduction compared with levels in B. carinata seed. Plants of the [( B. carinata × B. napus ) × B. carinata ] cross had normal high concentrations of 2‐propenyl glucosinolate. Backcross plants of both interspecific crosses also contained 3‐butenyl and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐butenyl glucosinolates. The results of these crosses suggested that genes for glucosinolate synthesis were located on B genome chromosomes of B. carinata because B. napus C genome introgressions did not result in reductions of total glucosinolate contents. The total alkenyl glucosinolate content of one F 3 family of the B. juncea backcross was similar to that of the B. juncea parent. It was concluded that through further selection in this family, B. carinata plants could be identified that would be basically free of 2‐propenyl glucosinolate, and have a low total alkenyl glucosinolate content.
Viewpoints and keypoints (2015)

We characterize the problem of pose estimation for rigid objects in terms of determining viewpoint to explain coarse pose and keypoint prediction to capture the finer details. We address both these tasks in two different settings - the constrained setting with known bounding boxes and the more challenging detection setting where the aim is to simultaneously detect and correctly estimate pose of objects. We present Convolutional Neural Network based architectures for these and demonstrate that leveraging viewpoint estimates can substantially improve local appearance based keypoint predictions. In addition to achieving significant improvements over state-of-the-art in the above tasks, we analyze the error modes and effect of object characteristics on performance to guide future efforts towards this goal.
Bridging the innovation gap (2003)

Europe needs to change the way it does research and development (R&amp;D), investing more and restructuring its approach, if it,is to become the world&apos;s most effective knowledge-based economy That&apos;s the premise that the European Industrial Research Management Association (EIRMA) gathered to discuss in Sorrento, Italy in June 2003. The discussion was a response to the 2002 initiative by the European Heads of State, dubbed &apos;More Research for Europe&apos;. This highlighted the need to boost Europe&apos;s industrial R&amp;D to ensure future competitiveness and social well being The Heads of State set a daunting target for R&amp;D investment to rise from its current 1.9% of GDP to 3% by 2010, mainly through persuading industry to increase its investment. Businesses need to change the way they manage R&amp;D to increase the pace of innovation and to release the untapped intellectual potential of their researchers. This issue is at the heart of efforts to increase the amount of R&amp;D done in European companies. How do you introduce the tools, organisation and culture that create breakthrough techniques or inventions to Europe&apos;s population of large, stable, capital-intensive businesses? Can you really add a fast-moving entrepreneurial R&amp;D activity to an organisation that has climbed the S curve of innovation and matured into a steady state? It&apos;s clear from a number of the presentations at the EIRMA conference that some companies have recognised this issue and successfully addressed it. the efforts of some of these companies are discussed in this article.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactions at High Pressure. Wittig Reaction of Hindered Ketones with Nonstabilized Ylides. (1988)

Abstract Wittig olefination of the substituted cyclohexanones (I) with butylidenetriphenylphosphorane (II) is performed at atmospheric and elevated pressure.
Treatment-Independent, Treatment-Associated, and Pregnancies after Additional Therapy in a Program of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer (1988)

HANEY, ARTHUR F.; HUGHES, CLAUDE L. JR.,; WHITESIDES, DANIEL B.; DODSON, WILLIAM C. Author Information
Apoptose et Gènes Anti-Apoptotiques de la Famille Bcl-2 (1997)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an active process of self-destruction, described a long time ago. However, the understanding of the molecular pathways which regulate programmed cell death is more recent and far from complete. Apoptosis occurs during embryonic and foetal development, and tissue remodeling, and its purpose is to assure homeostasis of cells and tissues. Apoptosis-defining morphological and biochemical changes are now well documented. Many physiological and non-physiological factors have been described as inducers of apoptosis. Several genes affecting various steps in programmed cell death must be expressed to trigger apoptosis. For example, ced-3 and ced-4 in the nematode C. elegans, and ICE, a gene found in mammals. In addition, the existence of genes suppressing apoptosis, like the human bcl-2 gene and a family of related bcl-2 genes was recently described. Several data dealing with these family of anti-apoptotic genes and some of their mechanisms of action are now currently available. It is clear that bcl-2 protects many cell lines from induced apoptosis. Other proteins, like bcl-xL, A1 or mcl-1 have the same anti-apoptotic function, but several molecules of the same family, like bcl-xS, bax-alpha or bak can trigger the opposite effect. It is known that bcl-2 can interact with other proteins. For example, bax, which can exist as a homodimer, is also able to form a heterodimer with bcl-2. A surexpression of bax in several cell lines allows to counteract the effect of bcl-2. R-ras p23 is another example, among others, of a protein interacting with bcl-2, and this results in an interruption of the apoptotic signal transduction pathway when bcl-2 is overexpressed. Some other explanations allowing a more detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and anti-apoptosis are discussed in this short review. Many interesting results suggest that bcl-2 is a death repressor molecule functioning in an anti-oxydant pathway, but other recent data seem to claim the contrary. Recently, the demonstration was made that apoptosis may require the activation of several classes of proteases. It seems now that bcl-2 has also a function of protease(s) inhibitor.
Development of a massively parallel electron beam write (MPEBW) system: aiming for the digital fabrication of integrated circuits (2022)

Abstract A prototype of a massively parallel electron beam write (MPEBW) system has been developed for maskless (direct-write) lithography. A 100 × 100 array of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) electron emitters is controlled by an active matrix-driving large-scale integrated device. This device is designed so that arrayed electron beams are reduced by a factor of 100 using electron optics and focused onto the wafer as 10 nm square spots. The electron beam emitter array has an aberration correction function. A planar 10 μ m square nc-Si emitter array and the driving LSI device were fabricated and their operations were confirmed. A 17 × 17 nc-Si emitter array was assembled with driver circuits and used to perform active matrix electron beam exposure in a 1:1 exposure test system. A Pierce emitter array for the active matrix drive is the subject of the target commercial system. The operations of the Pierce emitter array were studied using basic prototyping and simulation.
Importance des interactions médicamenteuses néfastes chez le patient oncologique : comparaison de programmes de détection informatisés (2019)

Contexte : Les patients atteints de cancer sont soumis à divers traitements pharmacologiques (antinéoplasiques, analgésiques, antinauséeux et/ou anticoagulants principalement). Le risque d’augmenter la morbidité et la mortalité au travers des interactions médicamenteuses engendrées existe et est souvent prédictible. Des programmes informatisés d’aide à la détection d’interactions médicamenteuses sont utiles pour le médecin et le pharmacien, pour limiter ce risque, ils sont cependant nombreux et diffèrent tant par leur disponibilité que par les bases de données utilisées, et leurs limites d’utilisation restent souvent méconnues. Objectif : Évaluer la performance de plusieurs programmes de détection des interactions médicamenteuses. Méthode : Cinq programmes de détection des interactions médicamenteuses fréquemment cités dans la littérature (Compendium®, Thériaque, Epocrates®, Vidal et Lexi- Interact®) ont été évalués par l’analyse de 40 paires médicamenteuses préalablement définies sur la base du Stockley’s Drug Interaction , ouvrage de référence. Vingt-trois paires de médicaments sans interaction décrite dans ce dernier ont en outre aussi été choisies. Les médicaments sélectionnés appartenaient principalement à des classes thérapeutiques potentiellement utilisées en oncologie. Des analyses quantitative, semi-quantitative et qualitative ont permis d’évaluer la performance de la détection des interactions à risque mais également la qualité, le contenu et l’ergonomie générale d’utilisation de chaque programme. Résultats : Tous les programmes montraient une bonne performance en termes de spécificité et de valeur prédictive positive (VPP), alors que Compendium® (73 % ; 67 %), Thériaque (68 % ; 63 %) et Vidal (60 % ; 58 %) étaient caractérisés par une sensibilité et une valeur prédictive négative (VPN) basses. L’analyse semi-quantitative a mis en avant le Compendium®, recensant davantage d’informations concernant les délais d’apparition et propositions d’intervention, et Lexi-Interact®, renseignant le plus souvent sur les effets et mécanismes des interactions à risque. Lexi-Interact ® s’est révélé être le programme le plus performant à la détection des interactions néfastes sur tous les paramètres d’intérêt (sensibilité : 98 %, spécificité : 96 %, VPP : 98 %, VPN : 96 %). Conclusion : Tous les programmes testés ont montré une bonne performance, et le Lexi-Interact® s’est révélé être le programme de détection informatisé d’interactions médicamenteuses le plus performant dans les traitements du cancer, avec notamment la meilleure spécificité, sensibilité, VPP et VPN.
Study of an array of grating couplers for wireless optical communications (2017)

An array of grating couplers is studied to be used for beam steering in a wireless optical communication system. This structure is designed using a rib waveguide with a silicon thickness of 220nm and an etch depth of 70nm using 2&mu;m silica substrate. TE polarized input light with wavelength of 1550nm is coupled into the feed waveguide. The structure is optimized based on the angular coverage, directed power, and beam efficiency of the radiated main beam of an individual grating coupler. The main beam radiated by optimized grating coupler has a beamwidth of 10.3&deg;×30.7&deg;. The designed 1-D array of the fifteen grating couplers provides tunability in the range of around 30 degrees which is required for a point to pint wireless optical communication transmitter.