gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth-promoting efficacy of pharmacological doses of tetrabasic zinc chloride in diets for nursery pigs (2001)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a reliable growth-promoting agent in young pigs when added to provide pharmacologic levels of dietary Zn. Tetrabasic zinc chloride (TBZC), whose formula is Zn 5 Cl 2 (OH) 8 , was tested in three experiments as a replacement for Waelz-processed ZnO. In exp. 1, 150 weaned pigs (5.2 kg) in five replicates received 0, 1500, or 3000 mg Zn kg –1 from either ZnO or TBZC in a 21d growth assay in which antimicrobial agents were not contained in the diet. Both sources of supplemental Zn increased (P &lt; 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency, but feed efficiency was improved (P &lt; 0.05) to a greater extent by TBZC than by ZnO, particularly at the 1500 mg Zn kg –1 dose level. In exp. 2, 144 weaned pigs (5.1 kg) in eight replicates received either 0 or 1500 mg Zn kg –1 from either ZnO or TBZC in a 19 d growth assay that included an antibacterial agent (carbadox) in all diets. Weight gain did not respond to Zn supplementation, regardless of Zn source, but feed efficiency was improved by TBZC addition to the diet. In exp. 3, 180 weaned pigs (4.5 kg) in five replicates received no supplemental Zn, 3000 mg Zn kg –1 from ZnO, or four incremental doses (750, 1500, 2250 and 3000mg Zn kg –1 ) of TBZC in a 21 d growth assay that included carbadox in the basal diet. Supplemental Zn from ZnO at 3000 mg Zn kg –1 increased both weight gain (P &lt; 0.05) and feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.06). Incremental Zn additions from TBZC indicated that both weight gain and gain/feed ratio were increased (P &lt; 0.05) and that 1500 mg Zn kg –1 from TBZC was the optimal dose for this source of Zn. The results of these experiments support the view that TBZC is a very effective source of Zn for enhancing growth performance of newly weaned pigs fed diets with or without an added antimicrobial agent. Key words: Nursery pigs, zinc oxide, tetrabasic zinc chloride, growth promotion
Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Manifestations in Hospitalized Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection (2021)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the main causes of both upper and lower respiratory infections in school-aged children, accounting for up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonia. Younger children are also affected, and extrapulmonary manifestations have been recently reported in the pediatric population. We carried out a retrospective analysis of MP-positive patients admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of S. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital in Bologna, the largest tertiary pediatric referral center in the Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy, between 2012 and 2020. We identified 145 patients with MP infection (82 males and 63 females), 27% of which were younger than 2 years; the median age was 5 years (interquartile range 1-9). The clinical presentation partially differed between age groups. School-aged children were more likely to have a chest X-ray-confirmed pneumonia (<i>p</i> = 0.013), while younger children required oxygen therapy more often (<i>p</i> = 0.048). Seventy-four children (51%) showed extrapulmonary manifestations, mainly gastrointestinal (30%) and dermatological (14%). Neurological symptoms were more frequent in children older than 6 years (<i>p</i> = 0.006). The rate of other extrapulmonary manifestations did not differ significantly between age groups. This study shows that MP infection is a frequent cause of pediatric hospitalization, including of children younger than 2 years. Clinicians should be aware of the variable clinical expressions of MP, including extrapulmonary manifestations, to achieve a correct diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment.
Hip dysplasia in wrestlers: three lessons learned (2017)

Hip problems due to dysplasia are commonly associated with female athletes in sports demanding supraphysiologic motion, such as ballet, gymnastics and figure skating. However, hip problems are rarely mentioned among wrestlers, a male sport in which flexibility is advantageous. Dysplasia may have a mostly unrecognized prevalence among wrestlers that can lead to problems and benefit from reorientation periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Study design in this research is Level 4 evidence case reports. Three consecutive intercollegiate wrestlers ages 20, 21 and 22 years underwent PAO for dysplasia and are reported. Two underwent concomitant arthroscopy. Each returned successfully to intercollegiate wrestling at 6, 8 and 11 months. There were no complications. This work concludes that dysplasia has an unknown but mostly unrecognized prevalence among wrestlers. With proper recognition and treatment with PAO, there is a reasonable expectation that they could return to wrestling.
Effects of restricting the detector field of view when using integrating spheres (1989)

Integrating sphere theory is developed for restricted field of view (FOV) detectors using a simple series solution technique. The sphere throughput, sample reflectance, and sphere wall reflectance are calculated. The effects of the sample's scattering characteristics on sphere measurements are determined. It is shown that although the generalized equations incorporating detector FOV dependence reduce to the hemispherical FOV equations in some cases, in general integrating sphere behavior is altered through restriction of the detector FOV.
Review of Candidate Techniques for Material Accountancy Measurements in Electrochemical Separations Facilities (2020)

Electrochemical reprocessing (also commonly known as pyroprocessing) of used nuclear fuel is an alternative to aqueous reprocessing that confers a number of advantages, including the ability to process more recently discharged fuel, smaller resultant waste volumes, and the lack of isolation of plutonium in the product stream. While electrochemical reprocessing systems have seen a significant research and development effort, nuclear safeguards and the security of these systems remain underdeveloped, particularly given the significant differences in operating environment and process flow sheet compared with established aqueous methods. In this paper we present an overview of the current state of the art for several of the most promising candidate techniques for material accountancy and process monitoring measurements for electrochemical separations facilities for used nuclear fuel, specifically passive radiation signatures (gamma spectroscopy, neutron spectroscopy, alpha spectrometry, calorimetry, and microcalorimetry), active radiation signatures (X-ray interrogation and its derivatives, high-resolution X-ray, k-edge densitometry, and hybrid k-edge densitometry; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; active neutron interrogation and neutron coincidence counting; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; and optical measurements such as ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and control and process state variable monitoring (cyclic voltammetry and bulk measurements such as level and density, load cell forces, and off-gas monitors). This assessment includes an evaluation of each measurement’s respective modality (i.e., whether the measurement relates to elemental, isotopic, or other properties), published best estimates of measurement precision, measurement latency, and an overall evaluation of each technique’s level of technical maturity. Additionally, this study assesses the most likely locations within the pyroprocessing flow sheet where measurements may be deployed, the physical information required to properly capture the behavior of such measurements, and potential modeling strategies for such measurements. This latter component thus serves to inform future development of process monitoring models in existing and proposed electrochemical separations simulation models.
Feasibility of Using In Situ FeS Precipitation for TCE Degradation (2009)

Iron sulfide minerals commonly found in natural anoxic Fe-S systems have been shown to reductively transform chlorinated hydrocarbons including trichloroethylene (TCE). In the present study, we tested the feasibility of applying an Fe(II) solution to a TCE-contaminated aquifer groundwater under simulated sulfide reducing conditions to enhance reductive transformation of TCE to nontoxic compounds. To achieve this goal, iron sulfide particles were precipitated under a range of pH and Fe:S molar ratios in aquifer groundwater samples from the Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah. Batch tests for abiotic reductive dechlorination of TCE were performed using the precipitates to establish the conditions for most favorable solids for dechlorination. Under all experimental conditions, the solids formed consisted mainly of mackinawite, a tetragonal reduced iron monosulfide FeS1-x. However, the precipitation conditions strongly affected the reactivity of the mackinawite particles formed. The results indicated that addition of Fe(II) to a sulfur-rich groundwater could reduce free sulfide concentration to levels below what is considered inhibitory for biotic dechlorination of TCE, and that higher pH, an Fe:S ratio close to 1, and the addition of citrate produced the most effective mackinawite for abiotic TCE dechlorination.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Mammary Epithelial Cells during TGF-β-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2021)

The cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can induce normal breast epithelial cells to take on a mesenchymal phenotype, termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While the transcriptional and proteomic changes during TGF-β-induced EMT have been described, the metabolic rewiring that occurs in epithelial cells undergoing EMT is not well understood. Here, we quantitively analyzed the TGF-β-induced metabolic reprogramming during EMT of non-transformed NMuMG mouse mammary gland epithelial cells using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We found that TGF-β elevates glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle activity and increases glutaminolysis. Additionally, TGF-β affects the hexosamine pathway, arginine-proline metabolism, the cellular redox state, and strongly affects choline metabolism during EMT. TGF-β was found to induce phosphocholine production. A kinase inhibitor RSM-93A that inhibits choline kinase α (CHKα) mitigated TGF-β-induced changes associated with EMT, i.e., increased filamentous (F)-actin stress fiber formation and N-Cadherin mesenchymal marker expression.
Chronic stress affects immunologic but not cardiovascular responsiveness to acute psychological stress in humans (1994)

This study deals with the effect of chronic stress on physiological responsiveness to an acute psychological stressor in male high school teachers. Chronic stress was operationalized as the self-reported number of everyday problems. Twenty-seven subjects reporting extremely low or high numbers of everyday problems were exposed to an acute psychological stressor, and changes in immunologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular parameters were monitored. The stressor included a learning process followed by a teaching session in which a confederate to the researchers was involved. Twenty subjects served as controls. The stressor had no effect on the endocrine variables measured but induced increases in heart rate and blood pressure, which were similar in both chronic stress groups. Analysis of subsets of blood lymphocytes revealed differences in natural killer (NK) and T cell responses in the low and the high stress groups. It is concluded that 1) immunologic responsiveness to an acute psychological stressor is related to problems experienced in daily life, and that 2) chronic stress differentially modifies the sensitivity of biological systems to mild acute stressors.
Mining ClinicalTrials.gov via CTTI AACT for drug target hypotheses (2020)

Poster presented at IDG face-to-face 11-12 Feb 2020 in Arlington, VA.
Canid Scavenging/Disarticulation Sequence of Human Remains in the Pacific Northwest (1989)

Greater understanding of animal scavenging of human remains can assist forensic science investigators in locating and recovering dispersed skeletal elements, in recognizing damage produced by scavengers, and in making more informed estimates of the postmortem interval. The pattern of skeletal damage can indicate whether the body was scavenged while intact or at some time after other natural processes of disarticulation had begun. This study analyzed thirty partially to fully skeletonized human remains with respect to scavenging at the time of body discovery in order to determine if a patterned consumption sequence existed. The scavengers were primarily coyotes (Canis latrans) and domestic dogs (C. familiaris). Sixteen non-carnivore-scavenged remains were also examined and contrasted with the carnivore-scavenged sample. Observed postmortem intervals from death to recovery ranged from 4 h to 52 months. Results demonstrate that canid scavenging of human remains takes place in sequential stages: Stage 0 = no bony involvement; Stage 1 = ventral thorax damaged and one or both extremities removed; Stage 2 = lower extremity involvement; Stage 3 = only vertebral segments remain articulated; and Stage 4 = total disarticulation. Results revealed a clear correspondence between stages of disarticulation and the postmortem interval.
Hard vs. soft: the central question of pre-fabricated silicon (2004)

It is possible to foresee the day when prefabricated, programmable devices such as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are used as the dominant silicon implementation medium. This paper will explore the forces that already drive in that direction and the architecture, CAD and circuit enhancement opportunities that may also help to make it happen. We will focus on the central question in FPGA architecture: what hard, dedicated circuit structures should be included on the FPGA? These structures are contrasted with the regular soft fabric, which can always be used to implement logic functions, but with less efficiency and performance. We will discuss the trade-offs involved, and the requirements for CAD tools and algorithms needed to support these hard structures. An interesting specific case that will be addressed is whether processors should be implemented in hard or soft form. Finally we will look an alternative: enhancing the capability of the soft fabric itself.
Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Copy-Number Profiles Enable Monitoring Treatment Effects During Therapy in High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (2023)

Abstract Background Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has emerged as a promising tool for detecting and profiling longitudinal genomic changes in cancer. While copy-number alterations (CNAs) play a major role in cancers, monitoring treatment effects using copy-number profiles has received limited attention compared to mutations. This is primarily due to the challenge of CNA analysis for real-life tumor-fraction ctDNA samples. Method Our study aimed to investigate the longitudinal copy number profiles of ctDNA and assess the role of ctDNA samples, even with low tumor fractions, in monitoring cancer treatment. We conducted copy-number analysis on 152 plasma samples collected from 29 patients diagnosed with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Our sequencing panel targeted more than 500 genes, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of genomic changes. Among the patients, 21 individuals had matched tissue and plasma samples collected at different time points, allowing us to assess the concordance between tissue and plasma and to evaluate the sensitivity of our approach using Kendall correlation values. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank test to ensure the robustness of the findings. Result Our approach successfully detected concordant CNA profiles in most plasma samples, even with tumor content as low as 3%. Additionally, highly amplified regions were identified in samples with approximately 1% tumor content. Longitudinal analysis revealed changes in CNA profiles in seven out of 11 patients with high tumor-content plasma samples at relapse. These changes included focal acquired or lost copy numbers, whereas the majority of the genome remained stable. Two patients displayed significant changes in their copy-number profile during therapy. Our analysis uncovered ctDNA-detectable subclonal selection resulting from surgery and chemotherapy. Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrated acquired and diminished CNAs at relapse compared with pre-treatment samples, highlighting the dynamic nature of CNA profiles during treatment. These findings provide compelling evidence for the potential of ctDNA analysis in tracking treatment responses and detecting genomic changes associated with relapse. Monitoring CNAs can serve as a complementary tool to understand cancer cell evolution and treatment efficacy.
Skating on slippery ice (2019)

Skating has been popular for centuries but is still poorly understood. Is it sufficient that the surface of ice is wet in order to explain why skating is possible for a wide range of temperatures, velocities and types of skates? Or do we need a layer of water formed between skate and ice by the frictional heat? Here we discuss the physics of the water layer and its implications at large velocities as occurring in speed skating.
Comparison of measured and simulated fast ion velocity distributions in the TEXTOR tokamak (2011)

Here we demonstrate a comprehensive comparison of collective Thomson scattering (CTS) measurements with steady-state Monte Carlo simulations performed with the ASCOT and VENUS codes. The measurements were taken at a location on the magnetic axis as well as at an off-axis location, using two projection directions at each location. The simulations agree with the measurements on-axis, but for the off-axis geometries discrepancies are observed for both projection directions. For the near perpendicular projection direction with respect to the magnetic field, the discrepancies between measurement and simulations can be explained by uncertainty in plasma parameters. However, the discrepancies between measurement and simulations for the more parallel projection direction cannot be explained solely by uncertainties in plasma parameters. Here anomalous fast ion transport is a possible explanation for the discrepancy.
DeepMAge Supplementary files (2020)

Supplementary files for "DeepMAge: methylation aging clock developed with deep learning" by F.Galkin; P.Mamoshina; K.Kochetov; D.Sidorenko; A.Zhavoronkov (Aging and Disease, 2020) Table S1-S5 are described in the article. DeepMAge_data_partitinon.txt — contains the train-test division used to train and verify DeepMAge; DeepMAge_predictions.txt — contains predicted age values for all samples; original_353_clock_predictions.txt — contains predictions obtained with the 353 CpG clock de_novo_linear_model_verification_predictions.txt — predictions by the elastic network reproduced from Horvath's portocol
Studies on the effects of initial injection doses of follicle stimulating hormone on the pregnancy and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients (2003)

<b>Background: </b> Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are often resistant to clomiphene citrate, which causes the need for subsequent gonadotropin treatment. However, careful administration is required because of the potential side-effects, that is, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancy. <b>Methods: </b> Forty-three cycles in 22 patients with PCOS were enrolled in this study. Ovarian stimulation was initiated on day 7 of the menstrual cycle with 150 IU/day of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 150 IU course), 100 IU/day (100 IU course), and 75 IU/day (75 IU course), successively. If follicles over 12 mm in diameter did not develop after 1 week, the dose was increased. In each treatment course, the number of developed follicles, the serum estradiol level before ovulation, total FSH dosage and duration of administration, the incidence of OHSS, and pregnancy rate were examined. <b>Results and Conclusion: </b> The largest number of developed follicles and the highest serum estradiol level were found in the 150 IU course. In contrast, the total FSH dosage and duration of administration were highest and longest in the 75 IU course. The incidence of OHSS and pregnancy rate were highest in the 150 IU course and in the 75 IU course, respectively. The present study indicates that 100 IU or 75 IU of FSH is recommended as an initial injection dose for PCOS patients. (Reprod Med Biol 2003; <b>2</b>: 63-67).
Reliability issues for high-k gate dielectrics (2004)

High-k gate dielectric materials are likely to be implemented in Si CMOS processes in the near future. Reliability characteristics that closely match, or exceed, those of SiO/sub 2/ will be one of the primary goals of future development work. In this paper we review the status of reliability studies of high-k gate dielectrics. High-k materials show novel reliability phenomena related to the asymmetric gate band structure and the presence of fixed charge. The reliability of high-k structures is influenced both by the interfacial layer as well as the high-k layer. Attainment of reliability goals will require elimination of charging effects, which dominate transistor degradation.
Identification of cytoskeletal elements enclosing the ATP pools that fuel human red blood cell membrane cation pumps (2012)

The type of metabolic compartmentalization that occurs in red blood cells differs from the types that exist in most eukaryotic cells, such as intracellular organelles. In red blood cells (ghosts), ATP is sequestered within the cytoskeletal-membrane complex. These pools of ATP are known to directly fuel both the Na(+)/K(+) and Ca(2+) pumps. ATP can be entrapped within these pools either by incubation with bulk ATP or by operation of the phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase reactions to enzymatically generate ATP. When the pool is filled with nascent ATP, metabolic labeling of the Na(+)/K(+) or Ca(2+) pump phosphoproteins (E(Na)-P and E(Ca)-P, respectively) from bulk [γ-(32)P]-ATP is prevented until the pool is emptied by various means. Importantly, the pool also can be filled with the fluorescent ATP analog trinitrophenol ATP, as well as with a photoactivatable ATP analog, 8-azido-ATP (N(3)-ATP). Using the fluorescent ATP, we show that ATP accumulates and then disappears from the membrane as the ATP pools are filled and subsequently emptied, respectively. By loading N(3)-ATP into the membrane pool, we demonstrate that membrane proteins that contribute to the pool's architecture can be photolabeled. With the aid of an antibody to N(3)-ATP, we identify these labeled proteins by immunoblotting and characterize their derived peptides by mass spectrometry. These analyses show that the specific peptides that corral the entrapped ATP derive from sequences within β-spectrin, ankyrin, band 3, and GAPDH.
Counter-Propagating Solitons in MgF2 Microresonators using an Auxiliary Laser (2020)

We demonstrate counter-proagating Kerr cavity solitons in a magnesium fluoride microresonator. Thermal effects are compensated using an auxiliary laser in a distinct spatial mode that is spectrally close to the pump.