gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkali production by oral bacteria and protection against dental caries (2000)

pH is a key environmental factor affecting the physiology, ecology and pathogenicity of the oral biofilms colonizing the hard tissues of the human mouth. Much attention has been focused on the production of organic acids through the metabolism of carbohydrates by pathogenic oral bacteria. Now, evidence is emerging that alkali generation, particularly through ammonia production from arginine and urea, plays major roles in pH homeostasis in oral biofilms and may moderate initiation and progression of dental caries. This short review highlights recent progress on understanding molecular genetic and physiologic aspects of ammonia generation by prominent oral bacteria.
Text based approaches for content-based image retrieval on large image collections (2005)

As the growth of digital image collections continues so does the need for efficient content based searching of images capable of providing quality results within a search time that is acceptable to users who have grown used text search engine performance. Some existing techniques, whilst being capable of providing relevant results to a user&apos;s query will not scale up to very large image collections, the order of which will be in the millions. In this paper we propose a technique that uses text based IR methods for indexing MPEG7 visual features (from the MPEG-7 XM) to perform rapid subset selection within large image collections. Our test collection consists of 750,000 images crawled from the SPIRIT collection (discussed in section 3) and a separate set of 1000 query images also from the SPIRIT collection. An initial experiment is presented to measure the accuracy of the subset generated for each query image by taking the top 100 results of the subset, and comparing those to the top 100 results derived from a complete ranking of the collection for that query image. Ranking is performed via L2 Minkowsky distance measures for both sets.
Some techniques for shading machine renderings of solids (1968)

Some applications of computer graphics require a vivid illusion of reality. These include the spatial organization of machine parts, conceptual architectural design, simulation of mechanisms, and industrial design. There has been moderate success in the automatic generation of wire frame, cardboard model, polyhedra, and quadric surface line drawings. The capability of the machine to generate vivid sterographic pictures has been demonstrated. There are, however considerable reasons for developing techniques by which line drawings of solids can be shaded, especially the enhancement of the sense of solidity and depth. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the value of shading and shadow casting in spatial description. In the line drawing there is no clue as to the relative position of the flat plane and the sheet metal console. When shadows are rendered, it is clear that the plane is below and to the rear of the console, and the hollow nature of the sheet metal assembly is emphasized. Shading can specify the tone or color of a surface and the amount of light falling upon that surface from one or more light sources. Shadows when sharply defined tend to suggest another viewpoint and improves surface definition. When controlled, shading can also emphasize particular parts of the drawing. If techniques for the automatic determination of chiaroscuro with good resolution should prove to be competitive with line drawings, and this is a possibility, machine generated photographs might replace line drawings as the principal mode of graphical communication in engineering and architecture.
On the molecular structure and electrical properties of plasma polymerized thiophene films (2004)

Plasma polymerization of thiophene derivatives was carried out in a vacuum reactor with capacitively coupled electrode. This paper describes the dependence of molecular structure and electrical properties on the polymerization conditions such as plasma energy, mass flow rate and pressure. The molecular structure of plasma polymerized films were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR analysis revealed the thiophene rings was broken by the large discharge energy and molecular structure could be varied according to plasma condition. Four point probe method was employed to measure electrical conduction of the film and its conduction mechanism was investigated.
Concept Oriented Imitation Towards Verbal Human-Robot Interaction (2006)

Imitation equips robots with a simple and natural interface to learn new tasks. Although abstraction is a remarkable feature of imitation that discriminates it from mimicking, there has been no enough research on this dimension of imitation. Relational concepts are the simplest type of abstract concepts and can be an appropriate start point. These concepts may be learned by combining perceptual categorization and classical conditioning. The paper will first formalize relational concept learning within an imitative context. Internal modules of the learning agent are considered to be functions. We will prove that in this case the concept-motor mapping becomes one-to-one which simplifies learning. A learning algorithm for the model will be also proposed and evaluated in a phoneme acquisition experiment with a large number of highly overlapped samples.
Radial basis function regression methods for predicting quantitative traits using SNP markers (2010)

A challenge when predicting total genetic values for complex quantitative traits is that an unknown number of quantitative trait loci may affect phenotypes via cryptic interactions. If markers are available, assuming that their effects on phenotypes are additive may lead to poor predictive ability. Non-parametric radial basis function (RBF) regression, which does not assume a particular form of the genotype-phenotype relationship, was investigated here by simulation and analysis of body weight and food conversion rate data in broilers. The simulation included a toy example in which an arbitrary non-linear genotype-phenotype relationship was assumed, and five different scenarios representing different broad sense heritability levels (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.9) were created. In addition, a whole genome simulation was carried out, in which three different gene action modes (pure additive, additive+dominance and pure epistasis) were considered. In all analyses, a training set was used to fit the model and a testing set was used to evaluate predictive performance. The latter was measured by correlation and predictive mean-squared error (PMSE) on the testing data. For comparison, a linear additive model known as Bayes A was used as benchmark. Two RBF models with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific (RBF I) and common (RBF II) weights were examined. Results indicated that, in the presence of complex genotype-phenotype relationships (i.e. non-linearity and non-additivity), RBF outperformed Bayes A in predicting total genetic values using SNP markers. Extension of Bayes A to include all additive, dominance and epistatic effects could improve its prediction accuracy. RBF I was generally better than RBF II, and was able to identify relevant SNPs in the toy example.
HyPNet: Hybrid Multi-features Network for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation (2021)

Semantic segmentation for 3D unstructured point clouds has lately drawn significant attention for its potential in applications ranging from scene understanding to robotics navigation. This paper presents a novel hybrid framework, named HyPNet, to exploit the inherent multi-features for point clouds semantic segmentation. Different from most current PointNet-based architectures, the proposed approach focuses on the robustness of hybrid algorithms of Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) methods. Based on a concise PointNet-based architecture, the proposed method incorporates an additional component called Multi-feature Clustering. By fusing clustering algorithms and neural networks, the Multi-feature Clustering is capable of capturing local multi-features of each cluster subset, where the local cluster information plays a significant role in predicting accurate per point output scores. In this paper, we mainly focus on two types of clustering algorithms that is K-Means and MeanShift. Extensive experiments on the Semantic3D.net benchmark dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method produces competitive results against the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation networks. For the proposed method fusing two types of clustering algorithms, the overall average accuracy is increased from 74&#x0025; (HyPNet_baseline) to 79&#x0025; (HyPNet_kmeans) and 85&#x0025; (HyPNet_meanshift), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Practical Synthesis of Bicyclo(3.3.1)nonane‐2,4‐diones. (1988)

Abstract Starting with the cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids (I), the acetylcyclohexylcarboxylates (V) are prepared.
Isolation and characterization of a chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degrading bacterium (2005)

A bacterium, isolated from contaminated soils around a chemical factory and named strain DSP3 was capable of biodegrading both chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. Based on the results of phenotypic features, phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA G+C content, and DNA homology between strain DSP3 and reference strains, strain DSP3 was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Chlorpyrifos was utilized as the sole source of carbon and phosphorus by strain DSP3. We examined the role of strain DSP3 in the degradation of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol under different culture conditions. Parathion and diazinon could also be degraded by strain DSP3 when provided as the sole sources of carbon and phosphorus. An addition of strain DSP3 (10(8)cells g(-1)) to soil with chlorpyrifos (100 mg kg(-1)) resulted in a higher degradation rate than the one obtained from non-inoculated soils. Different degradation rates of chlorpyrifos in six types of treated soils suggested that soils used for cabbage growing in combination with inoculation of strain DSP3 showed enhanced microbial degradation of chlorpyrifos.
The dihydroceramide desaturase is not essential for cell viability in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2003)

Recent studies have identified a new family of desaturase-like polypeptide sequences in many higher eukaryotes. Functional characterisation of one member of this family, from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealed the enzyme to be a sphingolipid desaturase. This S. pombe gene designated SDCB3b8.07c was identified as the dihydroceramide Delta(4)-desaturase, responsible for the synthesis of sphingosine. Homologous recombination was used to disrupt the endogenous S. pombe dihydroceramide Delta(4)-desaturase. Surprisingly, this had no effect on cell viability, indicating that sphingosine may not be crucial for normal S. pombe functions. This observation has implications for our understanding of the role of sphingosine and its phosphorylated metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate in lower eukaryotes.
Quantitative estimation of electronic quality of zinc phthalocyanine thin films (2011)

We determine the mobility-lifetime product (\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}) of free charge carriers in pristine zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) films using photocurrent measurements. The photocurrent is proportional to the free charge carrier generation efficiency (\ensuremath{\eta}) and the \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau} product, and the carrier collection length is directly proportional to the latter. The \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau} product is thus an important parameter for the electronic quality of a material. We further determine the dominant photocarrier generation mechanisms in ZnPc. The free carrier generation efficiency is estimated from total carrier collection and electric field--induced photoluminescence quenching measurements. Using \ensuremath{\eta} and the electric field dependence of the photocurrent, we estimate the \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau} product of holes in ZnPc to be about 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10${}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ cm${}^{2}$/V.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of insulators and biological specimens based on lateral conductivity of ultrathin water films (1994)

Scanning tunneling microscopy is based on the flow of an electrical current and thus cannot be used to directly image insulating material. It has been found, however, that a very thin film of water (about one monolayer) adsorbed to a surface exhibits a surprisingly high conductivity that is sufficient to allow scanning tunneling microscope imaging at currents below 1 picoampere. Hydrophilic insulators, such as glass and mica, can thus be imaged in humid air. The same is true for biological specimens deposited on such surfaces, as demonstrated by the scanning tunneling microscope imaging of plasmid DNA on mica.
SystemT: A Declarative Information Extraction System (2011)

Emerging text-intensive enterprise applications such as social analytics and semantic search pose new challenges of scalability and usability to Information Extraction (IE) systems. This paper presents SystemT, a declarative IE system that addresses these challenges and has been deployed in a wide range of enterprise applications. SystemT facilitates the development of high quality complex annotators by providing a highly expressive language and an advanced development environment. It also includes a cost-based optimizer and a high-performance, flexible runtime with minimum memory footprint. We present SystemT as a useful resource that is freely available, and as an opportunity to promote research in building scalable and usable IE systems. 1
Information-Theoretic Bounds for Adaptive Sparse Recovery (2014)

We derive an information-theoretic lower bound for sample complexity in sparse recovery problems where inputs can be chosen sequentially and adaptively. This lower bound is in terms of a simple mutual information expression and unifies many different linear and nonlinear observation models. Using this formula we derive bounds for adaptive compressive sensing (CS), group testing and 1-bit CS problems. We show that adaptivity cannot decrease sample complexity in group testing, 1-bit CS and CS with linear sparsity. In contrast, we show there might be mild performance gains for CS in the sublinear regime. Our unified analysis also allows characterization of gains due to adaptivity from a wider perspective on sparse problems.
Synthesis of Azafluorenone Antimicrobial Agents (2010)

A flexible synthesis of the azafluorenone alkaloids 1, 2, 3, and 4 is described.
Alarm notification to tower monitoring system in oneM2M based IoT networks (2016)

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm of connected devices. IoT architecture ensures that devices are connected to each other and able to communicate as and when required. Centre for the Development of Telematics (C-DoT) developed Tower Monitoring Solution (TMS) [1] which monitors status of different sources of power in Telecom Towers. Standard oneM2M is one of the standards of IoT that defines the architecture of connected devices. TMS is now being updated according to oneM2M standard since C-DoT is part of Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI) which is involved in development of oneM2M standard. Under this new architecture, bidirectional connection is required to send data and alarm notification from centralized server/gateway to TMS devices. However, in GSM-GPRS SIM based devices, IP address of the device changes every time they are connected to the network, so the server is not aware of the current device IP address and cannot send data to the device. Also, in our oneM2M network, devices of different capabilities are connected, so a single approach does not work for all the devices. In this paper we have discussed about different methods which can be used by GSM-GPRS devices & devices of different capabilities to establish two way communication with centralized server. In this paper we have proposed an algorithm based solution for this challenge. This is innovative algorithmic solution that enables low cost devices to be operated centrally eliminating the need to replace those devices with high end devices.
Loophole-free Bell inequality violation with superconducting circuits (2023)

Superposition, entanglement and non-locality constitute fundamental features of quantum physics. The fact that quantum physics does not follow the principle of local causality<sup>1-3</sup> can be experimentally demonstrated in Bell tests<sup>4</sup> performed on pairs of spatially separated, entangled quantum systems. Although Bell tests, which are widely regarded as a litmus test of quantum physics, have been explored using a broad range of quantum systems over the past 50 years, only relatively recently have experiments free of so-called loopholes<sup>5</sup> succeeded. Such experiments have been performed with spins in nitrogen-vacancy centres<sup>6</sup>, optical photons<sup>7-9</sup> and neutral atoms<sup>10</sup>. Here we demonstrate a loophole-free violation of Bell's inequality with superconducting circuits, which are a prime contender for realizing quantum computing technology<sup>11</sup>. To evaluate a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-type Bell inequality<sup>4</sup>, we deterministically entangle a pair of qubits<sup>12</sup> and perform fast and high-fidelity measurements<sup>13</sup> along randomly chosen bases on the qubits connected through a cryogenic link<sup>14</sup> spanning a distance of 30 metres. Evaluating more than 1 million experimental trials, we find an average S value of 2.0747 ± 0.0033, violating Bell's inequality with a P value smaller than 10<sup>-108</sup>. Our work demonstrates that non-locality is a viable new resource in quantum information technology realized with superconducting circuits with potential applications in quantum communication, quantum computing and fundamental physics<sup>15</sup>.
Pectolytic Enzymes in Sweet Bell Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.) (1984)

ABSTRACT Low levels of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinesterase (PE) activities were quantitated in sweet bell peppers at four stages of maturity based on surface ground color (dark green, light green, turning, and red). The PG activity increased during pepper ripening and was maximal at the turning stage while the PE activity declined during ripening and was maximal at the light green stage. Pepper texture measurements were found to decline concomitantly with the increase in PG activity. Pepper PG showed pH optimum between 4.8 to 5.0 and increased temperature stability with advanced ripening. Compared to tomatoes, pepper PG activity was 116‐ to 164‐fold lower and pepper PE activity was 429‐ to 1900‐fold lower than the corresponding tomato enzymes.
A Rationale for Acceleration Feedback in Force Control of Series Elastic Actuators (2018)

Series elastic actuators (SEAs) have become fundamental components in robots that physically interact with unstructured environments and humans. Force control of SEAs is indeed an active area of research. This paper proposes a theoretical foundation for acceleration feedback (AF) in SEA force control. Even if AF already appeared in early works on SEAs, its advantages have not been properly highlighted in the literature. In particular, this paper formally motivates improved performance robustness and transparency exactly as if using a softer and lighter actuator. Taking advantage of AF, we propose a generic control architecture characterized by impressive performance robustness in spite of even high environment uncertainties. A comparison with state-of-the-art force control solutions such as disturbance observers and adaptive controllers is reported using a comprehensive set of simulations and experiments. As a result, AF methods exhibit the higher performance robustness and accuracy. Beside this outcome, AF controllers are extremely easy to implement and the rise of low-cost miniaturized accelerometers based on micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) represents an additional motivations for their use.
Surface modified nano-SiO2 enhances dielectric properties of stator coil insulation for HV motors (2020)

Nano-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> particles were doped into epoxy resin (EP) to fabricate the main insulation used for high voltage (HV) motors. The EP-based nanocomposite with different mass ratios of nano-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> particles (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) were prepared. Surface morphology and conductivity of samples were tested, and AC breakdown strength was measured at different temperatures. The mechanisms for the tailoring of dielectric properties of EP were discussed. The optimal doping scheme (0.5 wt%) was selected and used as the base material in preparation of a stator coil insulation for 6 kV motors. The dielectric properties, including dielectric loss and leakage current as well as partial discharge, were tested, and the potential application of nano-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> particles in the stator coil insulation of HV motors was discussed. The test results showed that the doped nano-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> particle into dielectric composite used as the main insulation material for HV motors can be an optimal candidate to improve the above mentioned properties especially dielectric losses and electrical breakdown strengths. The results in this paper offer references and a guiding significance for the application of nano-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in the insulation of HV motors.
Pixel-wise based digital watermarking using Weiner filter in chrominance channel (2009)

A method for improving the watermark extraction performance of the digital watermarking based on the modification of image pixels is proposed in this paper. By embedding the watermark in the chrominance channel and using the Weiner filter with 3times3 window size in the watermark extraction process, the accuracy of the extracted watermark can be improved. Sets of experiment are carried out to prove our proposed concept. The results obtained show that the improved performance in term of NC, compared to the previous method, is achieved by using our proposed watermarking method. The improved robustness of the proposed method against various common imaging processing based attacks is also presented and discussed.
High-Pressure Performance of Mixed-Conducting Oxygen Electrodes: Effect of Interstitial versus Vacancy Conductivity (2016)

Electrochemical response was measured as a function of oxygen pressure pO 2 up to 10 bar for four different mixed-conducting oxygen electrode materials, the oxygen-vacancy-conducting perovskites (Sm 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 (SSC) and (La 0.6 Sr 0.4 )(Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 )O 3 (LSCF), and the interstitial-oxygen-conducting nickelates Pr 2 NiO 4 (PNO) and Nd 2 NiO 4 (NNO). The impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements were done on symmetrical cells with either single-phase or two-phase infiltrated electrode structures. The polarization resistance decreased with increasing pressure in all cases, but the nickelates decreased more rapidly than the perovskites. It is proposed that this difference is a direct result of the different pO 2 dependences of the defect concentrations -the oxygen vacancy concentration decreases with increasing pO 2 , whereas interstitial concentrations increase. In order to test this hypothesis, point defect concentrations were calculated for LSCF and NNO single-phase electrodes using the Adler-Lane-Steele model from electrochemical data and electrode microstructural parameters obtained by three-dimensional tomography. The results verified that the observed changes with increasing pO 2 can be explained by reasonable decreases in LSCF vacancy concentration and increases in NNO interstitial concentration. These results suggest that nickelate electrodes can be advantageous for pressurized devices.