gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate Structures of β‐Trace Protein from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence for “Brain‐Type”N‐Glycosylation (1994)

The carbohydrate structures of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid have been elucidated. This protein carries exclusively N-linked oligosaccharides at two sites (Asn29 and Asn56). Enzymatically released N-glycans were studied by compositional and methylation analyses, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. All glycans were found to be of the complex type, and most (90%) of them were biantennary with no (40%), one (40%), or two (20%) N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. The rest were triantennary chains or biantennary chains with intact or truncated lactosamine repeats. The innermost N-acetylglucosamine residues of nearly all structures were found to be alpha 1,6-fucosylated. Peripheral fucose (about 20% alpha 1,3-linked to N-acetylglucosamine) was also detected. Seventy percent of the oligosaccharides contained a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine. Especially in the neutral, but also in the monosialylated oligosaccharide fractions, many incomplete antennae consisting of N-acetylglucosamine only were present. At least 20 different N-glycans were identified. Analysis of the site-specific glycosylation patterns at Asn29 and Asn56 revealed only minor differences. According to the structural features (a high degree of fucosylation, high amounts of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, as well as terminal N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues, and significant amounts of N-acetylneuraminic acid in alpha 2,3 linkage), this protein can be classified as "brain-type" glycosylated.
Retro Diels Alder protocol for regioselective synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7(1H)-ones (2020)

Reactions of diastereochemically varied norbornene-condensed 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones 6 and 10 with variously functionalized hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-h gave regioselectively angular norbornene-based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>a</i>]pyrimidin-7(1<i>H</i>)-ones 7a-h and 11a,c-e, respectively. Thermal retro Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction of 7a-h and 11a,c-e resulted in the target compounds 4a-h as single products. On the other hand, reactions of thiouracil 1 and hydrozonoyl chlorides 2a-e gave regioselectively [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>a</i>]pyrimidinone-5(1<i>H</i>)-ones 3a-e. The opposite regioselectivity of thiouracil 1 and norbornene-condensed 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones 6 and 10 was attributed to electronic factors according to DFT calculations. The angular structure of norbornene based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>a</i>]pyrimidin-7(1<i>H</i>)-ones was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
Monitoring the recovery of c-Si modules from potential-induced degradation using suns-V<inf>oc</inf> curves (2016)

Potential-induced degradation (PID) has recently been shown as an important failure mode in c-Si modules. We demonstrate the utility of Suns-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> analysis for measuring shunt effects caused by PID at the module level. Our results show an expected positive correlation between module shunt resistance and power during recovery from the degraded state.
Taxonomy and antimicrobial activities of two novel halophilic Saccharomonospora strains isolated in Algerian Sahara soils (2010)

Two novel halophilic actinomycetes, strains AH35 and AH10, isolated from saline soils obtained from the Algerian Sahara, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The strains showed good growth in medium containing 7, 10 and 15% NaCl with growth at temperatures of 28–42°C. The organism produced light grey-green aerial mycelium with reddish-brown or yellow-brown diffusible pigment. Micromorphology and chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with its assignment to the genus Saccharomonospora. Analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences showed that AH35 and AH10 formed a robust clade with “Actinopolyspora iraqiensis”, Saccharomonospora halophila and Saccharomonospora paurometabolica. However, a number of phenotypic characteristics readily distinguished strains AH35 and AH10 from these three species. The two strains showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Deep value of information estimators for collaborative human-machine information gathering (2016)

Effective human-machine collaboration can significantly improve many learning and planning strategies for information gathering via fusion of 'hard' and 'soft' data originating from machine and human sensors, respectively. However, gathering the most informative data from human sensors without task overloading remains a critical technical challenge. In this context, Value of Information (VOI) is a crucial decision- theoretic metric for scheduling interaction with human sensors. We present a new Deep Learning based VOI estimation framework that can be used to schedule collaborative human-machine sensing with efficient online inference and minimal policy hand-tuning. Supervised learning is used to train deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract hierarchical features from 'images' of belief spaces obtained via data fusion. These features can be associated with soft data query choices to reliably compute VOI for human interaction. The CNN framework is described in detail, and a performance comparison to a feature- based POMDP scheduling policy is provided. The practical feasibility of our method is also demonstrated on a mobile robotic search problem with language-based semantic human sensor inputs.
Association of DTNBP1 With Schizophrenia: Findings From Two Independent Samples of Han Chinese Population (2020)

This study provides further evidence that SNP rs4712253 of <i>DTNBP1</i> has a nominal association with SZ in the Han Chinese population. Such a genotype variation may play a role in psychopathology and cognitive function.
Bluetongue Virus Genome Remains Stable throughout Prolonged Infection of Cattle (1988)

Infection of three calves with a highly plaque-purified strain of bluetongue virus (BTV) resulted in prolonged infections, during which virus and neutralizing antibodies co-circulated in peripheral blood. Oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses of the original challenge virus and of the final virus isolate obtained from each calf demonstrated the BTV genome to remain stable throughout prolonged infection as no differences in fingerprint patterns were detected. Six neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum, were produced against the challenge virus. This panel of MAbs recognized at least two distinct neutralizing epitopes as demonstrated by immune precipitation. Neutralizing epitopes remained stable through the prolonged infections, as all MAbs and the polyclonal rabbit antiserum neutralized the challenge virus and the final calf isolates to equivalent titres. These results suggest that antigenic drift is not the mechanism by which BTV is able to persist in cattle in spite of a strong humoral immune response.
Knotted and tangled threads of darkness in light beams (2011)

When multiple light beams overlap in three-dimensional space, their interference produces tangled lines of complete darkness. These lines are called optical vortices and may be infinitely long, or form closed loops which can be linked or knotted. The vortex lines can be obtained from combining random waves (such as optical speckle). Alternatively, specific configurations of looped, linked or knotted vortex lines may be produced using holographic techniques to implement mathematically derived constructions. In the random superpositions, numerical experiments indicate that the tangle of vortex lines has a fractal nature, whereas the holographic approach allows the construction of isolated optical vortex knots. The presence of such a knot has implications for the topology of the whole field. Whether such topological features produced by interfering waves are merely curiosities or correspond to subtle physical phenomena remains an open question.
Random fields of broken clouds and their associated direct solar radiation, scattered transmission and albedo (1998)

To model fields of broken clouds, we consider two methods based on Gaussian random fields and one method based on truncated random paraboloids. These models are determined by a few parameters only: the amount of cloud, the mean cloud base diameter and the mean cloud height. A field of broken clouds is a realization of such a random field, it is obtained by stochastic simulation and special spectral methods for Gaussian fields.
Synchrotron X-Ray Topography Studies of the Propagation and Post-Growth Mutual Interaction of Threading Growth Dislocations with C-Component of Burgers Vector in PVT-Grown 4H-SiC (2012)

Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Topography (SWBXT) imaging of wafers cut parallel to the growth axis from 4H-SiC boules grown using Physical Vapor Transport has enabled visualization of the evolution of the defect microstructure. Here we present observations of the propagation and post-growth mutual interaction of threading growth dislocations with c-component of Burgers vector. Detailed contrast extinction studies reveal the presence of two types of such dislocations: pure c-axis screw dislocations and those with Burgers Vector n 1 c+n 2 a, where n 1 is equal to 1 and n 2 is equal to 1 or 2. In addition, observations of dislocation propagation show that some of the threading dislocations with c-component of Burgers adopt a curved, slightly helical morphology which can drive the dislocations from adjacent nucleation sites together enabling them to respond to the inter-dislocation forces and react. Since all of the dislocations exhibiting such helical configurations have significant screw component, and in view of the fact that such dislocations are typically not observed to glide, it is believed that such morphologies result in large part from the interaction of a non-equilibrium concentration of vacancies with the originally approximately straight dislocation cores during post-growth cooling. Such interactions can lead to complete or partial Burgers vector annihilation. Among the reactions observed are: (a) the reaction between opposite-sign threading screw dislocations with Burgers vectors c and –c wherein some segments annihilate leaving others in the form of trails of stranded loops comprising closed dislocation dipoles; (b) the reaction between threading dislocations with Burgers vectors of -c+a and c+a wherein the opposite c-components annihilate leaving behind the two a-components; (c) the similar reaction between threading dislocations with Burgers vectors of -c and c+a leaving behind the a-component.
Analysis of isoniazid-resistant transposon mutants ofMycobacterium smegmatis (1996)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has renewed interest in the study of drug resistance in mycobacteria with the objective of improved chemotherapy. The genetic basis of isoniazid resistance in a model mycobacterium was studied. Eleven isoniazid-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis were created using transposon mutagenesis. Genetic and enzymatic characterisation of the mutants showed that katG, encoding T-catalase, was inactivated. The nucleotide sequence of M. smegmatis katG was determined and the mutation sites mapped demonstrating that both the amino and carboxyl halves of T-catalase are important for enzymatic activity.
Bitonic sorting using an optoelectronic recirculating architecture (1994)

An optoelectronic bitonic sorter based on a recirculating architecture is presented. The data are input inword parallel-bit parallel fashion and processed by two smart pixel arrays made up of bitwise compare-and-exchange modules. Along with the logic design, the control and synchronization of the bitwise compare-and-exchange modules are discussed. Finally, the capacity, hardware requirements, response time, and throughput of the recirculating bitonic sorter are compared with a pipeline implementation. The proposed recirculating architecture is shown to require less hardware than the pipelined systems. However, the decrease in hardware results in a decrease in system throughput.
Production of Live Calves Derived from Embryonic Stem-Like Cells Aggregated with Tetraploid Embryos1 (2000)

To date, cloned farm animals have been produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic, fetal, and adult cell types. However, mice completely derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells have been produced by aggregation with tetraploid embryos. The objective of the present study was to generate offspring completely derived from bovine ES-like cells. ES-like cells isolated from the inner cell mass of in vitro-produced embryos were aggregated with tetraploid bovine embryos generated by electrofusion at the 2-cell stage. A total of 77 embryo aggregates produced by coculture of two 8-cell-stage tetraploid embryos and a clump of ES-like cells were cultured in vitro. Twenty-eight of the aggregates developed to the blastocyst stage, and 12 of these were transferred to recipient cows. Six calves representing 2 singletons and 2 sets of twins were produced from the transfer of the chimeric embryos. Microsatellite analysis for the 6 calves demonstrated that one calf was chimeric in the hair roots and the another was chimeric in the liver. However, unfortunately, both of these calves died shortly after birth. Two of the placentae from the remaining pregnancies were also chimeric. These results indicate that the bovine ES-like cells used in these studies were able to contribute to development.
Analysis of Thoracic Loading, Kinematics, and Injuries in Small Overlap Impacts: Field Data and Full-Scale Vehicle Tests with Dummies (2011)

In the literature frontal crashes typically have been classified as full, large overlap, or small overlap impacts (SOI) in accordance with the degree of frontal area involvement. These classifications implicitly refer to the degree of longitudinal structure engagement during impact. While full and large overlap impacts have received considerable attention, SOI has undergone limited analyses through field and laboratory investigations. Limited structural engagements may expose occupants to increased intrusions and differing kinematics. The objective of this study was to summarize literature relevant to SOI, determine occupant injuries using CIREN data, and analyze occupant loading and motions using full-scale vehicle tests. CIREN results demonstrated lack of correlation between injury and typical crash severity parameters of ΔV, crush distance, and extent zone. Full-scale crash tests suggested that occupant kinematics in SOI may be unique among frontal impact configurations.
Influence of Improved (Nano) Systems on Cultivated Corn Growth, Development and Yield (2014)

Using physiologically active, complex, polyfunctional, multicomponent (nano) systems – (nano) chips in the pre-sowing soya treatment (nano) technology allows precise seeding; enhancing field seed germination; reducing plant morbidity rate considerably or even deleting disease incidents; increasing plant adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions; expanding crop yield; improving products quality by not using toxic chemical means of plant protection; intensifying competitive ability of agricultural products as well as assuring environmental safety in crop cultivation regions.
Performance Evaluation of Computerized Clinical Protocols for Management of Arterial Hypoxemia in ARDS Patients (1989)

Protocols were created to direct the management of arterial hypoxemia in critically ill patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The protocols used clinical information to generate suggestions for therapy. They were initially created on paper and then implemented on a computer. We measured how often the clinical staff followed protocol suggestions in 16 ARDS patients. We also compared computer generated suggestions with those from the paper protocols. The study included 5130 hours of patient care and 3553 computer generated suggestions. The clinical staff followed the protocol suggestions 76.9% of the time and compliance increased with time (63.9% compliance for the first 8 patients and 91.8% compliance with the last 8 patients). Differences between the paper and computer protocol versions were primarily due to software errors and inaccurate and untimely entry of data into the computer. Both software errors and data entry problems decreased with time but the data entry problems were more persistent (From the first 8 to the last 8 patients, software errors decreased from 7.2 to 0.8% while incomplete data base and data entry problems decreased from 6.8 to 4.5%). The major problem in creating the protocols was obtaining clinician agreement on protocol logic and their willingness to utilize it clinically around the clock. The major problem in implementing protocol directed care was obtaining accurate and timely data entry. We conclude that computerized protocols can direct the clinical care of critically ill patients in a manner that is acceptable to experienced clinicians.
Identification of Weak Areas of Network Based on Exposure to Voltage Sags—Part II: Assessment of Network Performance Using Sag Severity Index (2014)

This paper presents a new stochastic approach to the comprehensive assessment of the impact of voltage sags on large-scale power networks. The approach takes into account the stochastic nature of power system operation, including load variation, uncertainty of fault clearing time by protection relays, fault rates of network components, and the variation/uncertainty in equipment sensitivity to voltage sags. A new duration zone division method is used to derive sag duration and occurrence frequency based on the stochastic distribution of clearing time required by specific protection systems. The adopted probabilistic representation facilitates estimation of network performance based on a single-event characteristic, sag severity index (SSI), developed in the companion paper (Part I). Based on SSI, a new single-site index with respect to voltage sags (bus performance index BPI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sup> ) is developed to comprehensively represent the overall bus performance with respect to voltage sags. The index is used to identify the areas of the network, called weak areas of the network in this paper, containing buses that are most exposed to potentially disruptive voltage sags. The application, robustness, and sensitivity of BPI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sup> are thoroughly analyzed and discussed in the paper.
Prevalence and Determinants of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against α1-Adrenergic Receptors in Patients Screened Positive for Dementia: Results from the Population-Based DelpHi-Study (2018)

For the first time, we show that autoantibodies have a significant prevalence in people with dementia in a routine care setting. Previous findings were restricted to highly selective samples. We replicated the association between α1-AR-agAAB in patients with coronary heart diseases but were not able to find other factors associated with the presence of agAAB.
The Advancement of Theoretical Cord Mechanics to Be Used in Tendon and Ligament Research (1996)

Abstract With the ever evolving research in the mechanical identities of live tissues, further development in the area of theoretical cord mechanics is necessary in order to model such structures as tendons and ligaments. The major disadvantage with the current status in cord mechanics is that it is only possible to analyze a helically wound structure, such as a tendon or ligament, if the geometrical attributes of the material are known. This disadvantage can be overcome if a technique can be developed to optimize the geometrical properties of a material by knowing the material properties, the available force in the deflected structure, the design stress for the model, and the bending moment. Geometric optimization will develop by, in essence, deriving the theory of cords in reverse.
Titanium-Mediated Reduction of Carboxamides to Amines with Borane–Ammonia (2023)

In this study, the successful titanium tetrachloride-catalyzed reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and nitriles with borane-ammonia was extended to the reduction (deoxygenation) of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic pri-, sec- and tert-carboxamides, by changing the stoichiometry of the catalyst and reductant. The corresponding amines were isolated in good to excellent yields, following a simple acid-base workup.
Room Temperature Reduction of Titanium Tetrachloride-Activated Nitriles to Primary Amines with Ammonia-Borane (2022)

The reduction of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles, activated by a molar equivalent of titanium tetrachloride, has been achieved at room temperature using ammonia borane as a safe reductant. The corresponding methanamines were isolated in good to excellent yields following a simple acid-base workup.
Nonlinear interaction of intense laser pulses in plasmas. Interim report (1989)

A nonlinear 1D theory is developed which describes some important aspects of intense laser-plasma interactions. The self-consistent laser-plasma analysis included nonlinear plasma wakefield generation, relativistic optical guiding, coherent harmonic radiation production, as well as other related phenomena. Relativistic optical guiding is found to be most effective for long laser pulses having slow rise times. Short laser pulses are shown to be weakly guided. Coherent harmonic generation using a linearly polarized laser is found to be most efficient for short laser pulses and can be enhanced by the presence of large amplitude plasma wakefields. Aspects of particle acceleration by laser pulses as well as possible methods for upshifting the frequency of laser pulses are also discussed.
A cell breathing approach in green heterogeneous networks (2014)

Femto base stations constitute a promising solution to cope with the dramatic increase in mobile data traffic, but they also contribute to increase the network power consumption. Traditionally, full power transmissions are used to satisfy the users' data rate demands, causing interference to neighboring cells. Cell breathing can reduce the total transmit power by adjusting the cell size to the traffic load, hence limiting interference. However, it requires full knowledge of the channel conditions and power allocation strategies of neighboring cells. Its implementation becomes more challenging in broadband heterogeneous networks due to the channel frequency selectivity, the power difference between base station types, and the required network coordination. Therefore, we propose a cell breathing approach for green heterogeneous networks, referred to as path loss-based cell breathing (PL-CB), which uses only path loss information to limit the interference caused to neighboring cells. It achieves a higher energy efficiency and a larger achievable rate region than other state-of-the-art techniques with negligible degradation with respect to the approach with full knowledge of the channel and transmit powers of neighboring cells.