gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A perceptually based embedded subband speech coder (1997)

A new scheme for robust, high-quality, embedded speech coding based on subband decomposition and perceptually optimized bit allocation and prioritization is presented. An infinite impulse response (IIR) quadrature mirror filterbank (QMF) performs subband decomposition. A perceptual model, computed using subband spectral analysis, optimizes the coder's perceptual quality. Dynamic bit allocation and prioritization is combined with embedded quantization resulting in little performance degradation relative to a nonembedded implementation. The coder output is scalable from high quality at higher bit rates to lower quality at lower bit rates, supporting a wide range of service and resource utilization. The lower bit-rate representation is obtained simply through truncation of the higher bit-rate representation. Since source-rate adaptation is performed through truncation of the encoded stream, interaction with the coder is not required, making the embedded coder ideally suited for rate-adaptive communication systems. Performance for both speech and music was verified through subjective listening tests.
Multiplexed and high-throughput neuronal fluorescence imaging with diffusible probes (2019)

Synapses contain hundreds of distinct proteins whose heterogeneous expression levels are determinants of synaptic plasticity and signal transmission relevant to a range of diseases. Here, we use diffusible nucleic acid imaging probes to profile neuronal synapses using multiplexed confocal and super-resolution microscopy. Confocal imaging is performed using high-affinity locked nucleic acid imaging probes that stably yet reversibly bind to oligonucleotides conjugated to antibodies and peptides. Super-resolution PAINT imaging of the same targets is performed using low-affinity DNA imaging probes to resolve nanometer-scale synaptic protein organization across nine distinct protein targets. Our approach enables the quantitative analysis of thousands of synapses in neuronal culture to identify putative synaptic sub-types and co-localization patterns from one dozen proteins. Application to characterize synaptic reorganization following neuronal activity blockade reveals coordinated upregulation of the post-synaptic proteins PSD-95, SHANK3 and Homer-1b/c, as well as increased correlation between synaptic markers in the active and synaptic vesicle zones.
Optimization of a Meropenem-Tobramycin Combination Dosage Regimen against Hypermutable and Nonhypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Mechanism-Based Modeling and the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model (2018)

Hypermutable <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> strains are prevalent in patients with cystic fibrosis and rapidly become resistant to antibiotic monotherapies. Combination dosage regimens have not been optimized against such strains using mechanism-based modeling (MBM) and the hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM). The PAO1 wild-type strain and its isogenic hypermutable PAOΔ<i>mutS</i> strain (MIC<sub>meropenem</sub> of 1.0 mg/liter and MIC<sub>tobramycin</sub> of 0.5 mg/liter for both) were assessed using 96-h static-concentration time-kill studies (SCTK) and 10-day HFIM studies (inoculum, ∼10<sup>8.4</sup> CFU/ml). MBM of SCTK data were performed to predict expected HFIM outcomes. Regimens studied in the HFIM were meropenem at 1 g every 8 h (0.5-h infusion), meropenem at 3 g/day with continuous infusion, tobramycin at 10 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h (1-h infusion), and both combinations. Meropenem regimens delivered the same total daily dose. Time courses of total and less susceptible populations and MICs were determined. For the PAOΔ<i>mutS</i> strain in the HFIM, all monotherapies resulted in rapid regrowth to >10<sup>8.7</sup> CFU/ml with near-complete replacement by less susceptible bacteria by day 3. Meropenem every 8 h with tobramycin caused >7-log<sub>10</sub> bacterial killing followed by regrowth to >6 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/ml by day 5 and high-level resistance (MIC<sub>meropenem</sub>, 32 mg/liter; MIC<sub>tobramycin</sub>, 8 mg/liter). Continuous infusion of meropenem with tobramycin achieved >8-log<sub>10</sub> bacterial killing without regrowth. For PAO1, meropenem monotherapies suppressed bacterial growth to <4 log<sub>10</sub> over 7 to 9 days, with both combination regimens achieving near eradication. An MBM-optimized meropenem plus tobramycin regimen achieved synergistic killing and resistance suppression against a difficult-to-treat hypermutable <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain. For the combination to be maximally effective, it was critical to achieve the optimal shape of the concentration-time profile for meropenem.
Shadow elimination for effective moving object detection with Gaussian models (2003)

This paper presents a coarse-to-fine approach to eliminate unexpected shadows of multiple pedestrians from a static and textured background using Gaussian shadow modeling. At the coarse stage, a moment-based method is proposed to estimate the rough boundaries between shadows and moving objects. Then, at the fine stage, the rough approximation of shadow region provides a key to model shadows. The chosen shadow model is parameterized with several features including the orientation, mean, and center position of a shadow region. With these features, the chosen model can precisely eliminate the unexpected shadows from the scene background and thus improve the quality of further content analysis. Experiments demonstrate approximately 95% ratio of pedestrian-related shadows can be successfully eliminated from the scene background.
Effect of Fabrication, Sterilization and Mediators - Blood Compatibility of Polyurethanes (1992)

The possible changes in the surface and physical properties of polyether urethane urea (PEUU) implants, including their interaction with blood, due to the different preparation methods, sterilization techniques and long term storage in different environmental conditions have been investigated by conducting the studies of mechanical properties, contact angle, platelet adhesion and protein adsorption. Considerable variations in the mechanical properties have been observed for the PEUU grafts stored in different conditions. Changes in platelet adhesion and albumin adsorption have also been observed in the case of samples that underwent different sterilization methods. The effect of mediators like bromelain, an enzyme present in pineapple juice, on albumin adsorption and platelet adhesion on PEUU surfaces have been investigated. It seems the presence of pineapple juice increases the adsorption of albumin and reduces the adhesion of platelets on PEUU surfaces.
Antiestrogens are pro‐apoptotic in normal human breast epithelial cells (2003)

Estrogens promote cell proliferation in normal and transformed mammary epithelial cells by inducing expression of hormone-responsive genes involved in the cell cycle. The action of antiestrogens is therefore central in regard to their potent inhibitory effects on estrogen-induced cell growth. We used normal human epithelial breast cells from primary cultures (HBE cells) to study hormonal (estrogen and antiestrogen) regulation on 3 key proteins involved in the apoptotic process: Bcl-2, p53 and caspase-3. The mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7, was also used to study the molecular regulation of Bcl-2. In both HBE and MCF-7 cells, we found that estradiol (E2) induced an increase in Bcl-2 mRNA levels. This effect was counteracted in the presence of a pure antiestrogen, ICI 182780 (ICI). Alone, ICI did not modify either the Bcl-2 protein or mRNA levels in HBE cells, whereas in MCF-7, a strong downregulation of Bcl-2 mRNA was observed. In parallel, in HBE cells, we observed that E2 caused a decrease in p53 and caspase-3 protein levels, whereas ICI alone increased p53 and caspase-3 protein levels. The ICI effects on p53 and caspase-3 were partially counteracted by E2. Under the same experimental conditions, ICI exerts a potent pro-apoptotic effect, which was not counteracted by E2. In contrast, 4-hydroxytamoxifen was slightly weaker as a pro-apoptotic agent in HBE cells and its effects were reversed by E2. We demonstrate that in HBE cells, ICI reverses the anti-apoptotic action of E2 and alone acts as a highly potent pro-apoptotic molecule. These results provide new insight into treatment for breast cancer prevention.
Electroanalysis of Infection with Methyl Pyruvate (2020)

The discovery of infection enzyme leukocyte esterase (LE) hydrolyzing a mitochondrial substrate methyl pyruvate (MP) was explored in the development of electroanalytical methods for LE in human biofluids. The LE + MP reaction was coupled with alcohol oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide, which was then reduced at a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube electrode at -0.20 V, yielding current proportional to the LE content in a sample. The kinetic assays revealed a fast turnover (<i>k</i><sub>cat</sub> = 15 s<sup>-1</sup>) and high specificity constant (<i>k</i><sub>cat</sub><i>K</i><sub>m</sub><sup>-1</sup> = 2.3 × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) for the LE-triggered hydrolysis of MP. The analytical assays were short (5 min) and the quantified LE was in the clinically relevant range of 22-300 μg L<sup>-1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup>, 0.985). The immuno-electroanalysis could detect the picomole quantity of LE and yielded linear calibration plots up to 150 μg L<sup>-1</sup> of LE with the same slope regardless of the sample matrix (urine, saliva, and phosphate buffer). The spike-and-recovery experiments displayed an LE recovery of 99-104%. The amperometric immunoassay of LE was less laborious than traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for LE and reduced the required sample incubation time from 4 h (sandwich ELISA) to 30 min (immuno-electroanalysis). The proposed combination of immunosorption with internally calibrated amperometry can also be used for a selective determination of other enzymes, which form enzymatically active immune complexes.
Quantification of viral ribonucleic acid in plasma of cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (2000)

Concentration of plasma viral RNA is a good indicator of disease progression in FIV-infected cats, particularly as cats progress from the ARC to the AIDS stage. Determination of CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts can be used as supportive indicators of disease progression.
A high efficiency commercial GaAs MESFET power amplifier for PCM/CIA applications at 2.45 GHz (2005)

A low cost commercial, high performance two stage GaAs MESFET power amplifier has been developed for the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band targeting portable wireless LAN applications. The amplifier is housed in a low cost plastic surface mount package, making it well suited for insertion into low profile PCM/CIA formats. Measured performance has demonstrated 24 dBm output power with greater than 65% power added efficiency when operated in gain compression with a 5 volt supply. Harmonic rejection greater than 18 dBc and 30 dBc is achieved on 2nd and 3rd order harmonics, respectively. On chip bias and power level control circuitry allows adjusting the output power level over a 20 dBc range with a single analog control voltage. Stringent cost goals are achieved by limiting chip size, choosing inexpensive plastic packaging, and by selecting an appropriate amplifier topology which places some components off chip.
Pharmacokinetics of the Chlorpyrifos Metabolite 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol (TCPy) in Rat Saliva (2009)

Biological monitoring (biomonitoring) to quantify systemic exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) has historically focused on the quantitation of major CPF metabolites in urine. Noninvasive techniques are being advocated as novel means of biomonitoring for a variety of potential toxicants, including pesticides (like CPF), and saliva has been suggested as an ideal body fluid. However, in order to be acceptable, there is a need to understand salivary pharmacokinetics of CPF metabolites in order to extrapolate saliva measurements to whole-body exposures. In this context, in vivo pharmacokinetics of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), the major chemical-specific metabolite of CPF, was quantitatively evaluated in rat saliva. Experimental results suggest that TCPy partitioning from plasma to saliva in rats is relatively constant over a range of varying physiological conditions. TCPy pharmacokinetics was very similar in blood and saliva (area under the curve values were proportional and elimination rates ranged from 0.007 to 0.019 per hour), and saliva/blood TCPy concentration ratios were not affected by TCPy concentration in blood (p = 0.35) or saliva flow rate (p = 0.26). The TCPy concentration in saliva was highly correlated to the amount of unbound TCPy in plasma (r = 0.96), and the amount of TCPy protein binding in plasma was substantial (98.5%). The median saliva/blood concentration ratio (0.049) was integrated as a saliva/blood TCPy partitioning coefficient within an existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for CPF. The model was capable of accurately predicting TCPy concentrations in saliva over a range of blood concentrations. These studies suggest that saliva TCPy concentration can be utilized to ascertain CPF exposure. It is envisioned that the PBPK/PD can likewise be used to estimate CPF dosimetry based on the quantitation of TCPy in spot saliva samples obtained from biomonitoring studies.
Morphological and Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Core−Shell Nanoparticle Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells:  Zn−O Type Shell on SnO2 and TiO2 Cores (2004)

Core-shell type nanoparticles with SnO2 and TiO2 cores and zinc oxide shells were prepared and characterized by surface sensitive techniques. The influence of the structure of the ZnO shell and the morphology ofnanoparticle films on the performance was evaluated. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies show the presence of thin ZnO-like shells around the nanoparticles at low Zn levels. In the case of SnO2 cores, ZnO nanocrystals are formed at high Zn/Sn ratios (ca. 0.5). Scanning electron microscopy studies show that Zn modification of SnO2 nanoparticles changes the film morphology from a compact mesoporous structure to a less dense macroporous structure. In contrast, Zn modification of TiO2 nanoparticles has no apparent influence on film morphology. For SnO2 cores, adding ZnO improves the solar cell efficiency by increasing light scattering and dye uptake and decreasing recombination. In contrast, adding a ZnO shell to the TiO2 core decreases the cell efficiency, largely owing to a loss of photocurrent resulting from slow electron transport associated with the buildup of the ZnO surface layer.
Kinetics of the multitasking high-affinity Win binding site of WDR5 in restricted and unrestricted conditions (2021)

Recent advances in quantitative proteomics show that WD40 proteins play a pivotal role in numerous cellular networks. Yet, they have been fairly unexplored and their physical associations with other proteins are ambiguous. A quantitative understanding of these interactions has wide-ranging significance. WD40 repeat protein 5 (WDR5) interacts with all members of human SET1/MLL methyltransferases, which regulate methylation of the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4). Here, using real-time binding measurements in a high-throughput setting, we identified the kinetic fingerprint of transient associations between WDR5 and 14-residue WDR5 interaction (Win) motif peptides of each SET1 protein (SET1Win). Our results reveal that the high-affinity WDR5-SET1Win interactions feature slow association kinetics. This finding is likely due to the requirement of SET1Win to insert into the narrow WDR5 cavity, also named the Win binding site. Furthermore, our explorations indicate fairly slow dissociation kinetics. This conclusion is in accordance with the primary role of WDR5 in maintaining the functional integrity of a large multisubunit complex, which regulates the histone methylation. Because the Win binding site is considered a key therapeutic target, the immediate outcomes of this study could form the basis for accelerated developments in medical biotechnology.
Propagation of intense short laser pulses in the atmosphere (2002)

The propagation of short, intense laser pulses in the atmosphere is investigated theoretically and numerically. A set of three-dimensional (3D), nonlinear propagation equations is derived, which includes the effects of dispersion, nonlinear self-focusing, stimulated molecular Raman scattering, multiphoton and tunneling ionization, energy depletion due to ionization, relativistic focusing, and ponderomotively excited plasma wakefields. The instantaneous frequency spread along a laser pulse in air, which develops due to various nonlinear effects, is analyzed and discussed. Coupled equations for the power, spot size, and electron density are derived for an intense ionizing laser pulse. From these equations we obtain an equilibrium for a single optical-plasma filament, which involves a balancing between diffraction, nonlinear self-focusing, and plasma defocusing. The equilibrium is shown to require a specific distribution of power along the filament. It is found that in the presence of ionization a self-guided optical filament is not realizable. A method for generating a remote spark in the atmosphere is proposed, which utilizes the dispersive and nonlinear properties of air to cause a low-intensity chirped laser pulse to compress both longitudinally and transversely. For optimally chosen parameters, we find that the transverse and longitudinal focal lengths can be made to coincide, resulting in rapid intensity increase, ionization, and white light generation in a localized region far from the source. Coupled equations for the laser spot size and pulse duration are derived, which can describe the focusing and compression process in the low-intensity regime. More general examples involving beam focusing, compression, ionization, and white light generation near the focal region are studied by numerically solving the full set of 3D, nonlinear propagation equations.
Low eukaryotic viral richness is associated with faecal microbiota transplantation success in patients with UC (2017)

sponsorship: NCN was supported by the government agency flanders innovation & entrepreneurship (VLAIO). KCY was supported by the Interfaculty Council for Development Cooperation (IRO) from the KU Leuven. KM, MJ and JW are supported by postdoctoral fellowships by the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, Belgium (FWO-Vlaanderen). SV is a Senior Clinical Researcher from the FWO. This study was supported by a KU Leuven OT-grant (OT-14-113). (government agency flanders innovation & entrepreneurship (VLAIO), Interfaculty Council for Development Cooperation (IRO) from the KU Leuven, Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, Belgium (FWO-Vlaanderen), KU Leuven OT-grant|OT-14-113)
Erratum. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Stimulates Distal Tubular Natriuresis and Increases in Circulating SDF-1α 1-67 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1073–1081 (2017)

In the above-mentioned article, six asterisks were added to Fig. 2. In addition, the following information …
Atomic layer epitaxy and structural characterization of InP and InAs/InP heterostructures (1994)

We report the growth and structural properties of InP, InAs/InP strained single quantum wells and short-period InAs/InP strained layer superlattices by atomic layer epitaxy. A self-limiting growth close to 1 monolayer/cycle has been obtained for InP and for InAs with low substrate temperatures between 350 and 360 °C. The samples were grown on InP (001) substrates and characterized by high resolution x-ray diffraction, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The interference of x-ray wave fields in the grown structures observed by both types of x-ray measurements can be used to measure nondestructively the thickness of the deposited films with relatively high precision. High resolution x-ray diffraction and grazing-incidence x-ray reflectometry of the InAs/InP superlattices confirm the periodicity of the structures in agreement with theoretical predictions. Raman spectroscopy shows doublets of folded acoustic modes as well as InAs-like and InP-like confined longitudinal optical phonons in the InAs/InP superlattices. Results indicate that, despite the 3.2% lattice mismatch, atomic layer epitaxy is a powerful method for fabricating highly strained structures with atomically controlled heterointerfaces.
FigureS7 from Immunotherapeutic Targeting and PET Imaging of DLL3 in Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;FigureS7&lt;/p&gt;
The 5‐HT2B receptor plays a key regulatory role in both neuroendocrine tumor cell proliferation and the modulation of the fibroblast component of the neoplastic microenvironment (2010)

Targeting the 5-HT(2B) receptor may be an effective antiproliferative and antifibrotic strategy for SI-NETs because it inhibits tumor microenvironment fibroblasts as well as NET cells. Fibrosis and proliferation appear to be biologically interfaced neuroendocrine neoplasia domains.
Solubility of LiCoO/sub 2/ in molten carbonates (1997)

The solubility of LiCoO/sub 2/ was proportional to Pco/sub 2//sup 3/2/ and Po/sub 2//sup -1/4/ in (Li/sub 0.52/Na/sub 0.48/)/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. It obeys the acidic dissolution mechanism. This result was the same dependence as that in (Li/sub 0.62/K/sub 0.38/)/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. The solubility of LiCoO/sub 2/ in (Li/sub 0.52/Na/sub 0.48/)/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ was about a half of that in (Li/sub 0.62/K/sub 0.38/)/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. The solubility of LiCoO/sub 2/ decreased with Li content in Li-K carbonate system. The solubility of LiCoO/sub 2/ was lower than that of NiO even under the pressurized cathode condition of MCFC.
Translation Elongation Factor EF-P Alleviates Ribosome Stalling at Polyproline Stretches (2012)

Translation elongation factor P (EF-P) is critical for virulence in bacteria. EF-P is present in all bacteria and orthologous to archaeal and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A, yet the biological function has so far remained enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that EF-P is an elongation factor that enhances translation of polyproline-containing proteins: In the absence of EF-P, ribosomes stall at polyproline stretches, whereas the presence of EF-P alleviates the translational stalling. Moreover, we demonstrate the physiological relevance of EF-P to fine-tune the expression of the polyproline-containing pH receptor CadC to levels necessary for an appropriate stress response. Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic cells have hundreds to thousands of polyproline-containing proteins of diverse function, suggesting that EF-P and a/eIF-5A are critical for copy-number adjustment of multiple pathways across all kingdoms of life.
Multivariate PEM/FT Spectrometry: Intrinsic Data Fusion And Applications for IED and CB Defense (2006)

We present recent developments in the theory of a new class of active multivariate FT spectrometers and describe their potential uses in the optical detection and identification of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and CB agents and contaminants. This technology is based on the use of dual ultra-high-speed (UHS) birefringence interferometers for the simultaneous and independent modulation of both illumination and collected beams, and employs photoelastic modulators (PEM) as the birefringent elements in these interferometers. With typical scan rates of 104 105 interferograms per second and broad spectral range, these instruments can rapidly collect multivariate spectral data describing, in a correlated way, the comprehensive excitation, emission, and delay/lifetime spectral properties of the sample/target. The intrinsic process of data fusion that melds the multivariate spectral data into one interferogram signal allows for the simultaneous and correlated use of all three spectral variables for improved discrimination and identification of chemical species of interest.