gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Regulation in Rodent and Human Pituitary Tumor Cells in vitro (2001)

Angiogenesis, the formation of a new blood supply, is an essential step in tumorigenesis. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be a very potent angiogenic factor in most solid tumors, little is known about its production and regulation in pituitary adenomas. We have investigated basal and stimulated VEGF production by rodent pituitary tumor cells (mouse corticotrope AtT20, rat lactosomatotrope GH3, mouse gonadotrope alpha T3-1 and mouse folliculostellate TtT/GF cells), and by hormone-inactive (27), corticotrope (9), lactotrope (3) and somatotrope (21) human pituitary adenoma cell cultures. All 4 pituitary cell lines secreted VEGF, which in the case of AtT20, GH3 and TtT/GF cells was inhibited by approximately 50% by dexamethasone. TtT/GF cells were the most responsive to the different stimuli used since basal values were augmented by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), IGF-I and the somatostatin analogue ocreotide. However, in GH3, AtT20 and alpha T3-1 cells, basal VEGF levels where not enhanced with any of the stimuli tested. The majority of the human adenomas tested (92%) basally secreted measurable VEGF which was inhibited by dexamethasone in most cases (84%). VEGF levels were increased in hormone inactive adenomas, somatotrope tumors and prolactinomas by TGF-alpha, PACAP-38, and 17 beta-estradiol, respectively. In conclusion, pituitary tumor cells are capable of producing VEGF which may be involved in tumoral angiogenesis. Our results concerning the suppression of VEGF by dexamethasone suggest that glucocorticoids may have anti-angiogenic properties and therefore therapeutic relevance for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
The pain-related behavior changes correlate with the bone damage in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

Objective: In view of the extensive bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis, we used a commonly utilized animal model to detect behavioral changes in pain-related and the bone damage during the early disease, and to explore the correlation between bone damage and pain-related behavioral changes. Methods: Arthritis were induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the tails. Pain-related behavior changes were studied using the Hargreaves, VonFrey, and acetone tests on the 0, 7, 14, day and 28 day after CFA injection. The rats were sacrificed according the same schedule. The bone damage of the right proximal tibia was studied by microCT scan and bone histological slices. Results: Animals developed soft tissue inflammation and polyarthritis on 7 days after CFA injection, and arthritic score proved obvious arthritis were established within the study period. Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were present in the affected hind paw from the 7 day through the 28 day, but the heat hyperalgesia and the mechanical allodynia lasted a short time after CFA injection. Trabecular bone number (Tb.N), Tissue Mineral Content (TMC) and Bone Volume to Tissue Volume (BV/TV) in the proximal tibia by microCT scan were also reduced after induction, especial 14 days after CFA injection. The bone histological slices showed the trabecular bone and proteoglycan diminished, the bone damage severity scores became more severely on the 7 day after CFA injection. Using analysis of covariance, these changes had statistical significance compared with baseline. By linear regression analysis demonstrated mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia correlated well with arthritic score, bone damage parameters and bone damage severity scores. Conclusion: Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) were observed after CFA injection and lasted within the later experimental period. Pain-related behavioral changes were observed in the early time of AA. Bone damage was also occurred with arthritis development. Pain-rel
Association between HLA class II genes and autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs) influences the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

HLA class II RA susceptibility alleles are associated with production of anti-CCP antibodies. Moreover, more severe disease progression is found in RA patients with both anti-CCP antibodies and SE alleles.
A Review of BJT Based Phototransistor (2014)

Abstract — This literature survey prospects the performances of photo-transistors using different directions of illumination of the device and tends to find the optimized direction in-terms of conversion gain, optical gain and injection efficiency. The choice of materials for fabrication of phototransistors has also been discussed and make a small comparison in solar-cell, photo-diode and phototransistor with the basic parameters used in optical devices.. In addition, a comparative study is done in between homo-junction and hetero-junction BJT based phototransistors which help in understanding the basic phenomena of different performance parameters, like optical gain, spectral range, and efficiency
Predicting the photocurrent–composition dependence in organic solar cells (2021)

High-throughput experimental screening and machine-learning algorithms are implemented in a synergic workflow to predict the photocurrent phase space of organic photovoltaic blends. We identify accurate models employing only the materials band gaps.
Evidence That Monoclonal Antibodies against CD9 Antigen Induce Specific Association between CD9 and the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Complex (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies to the CD9 antigen are powerful platelet agonists. We report here the novel finding that the anti-CD9 monoclonal antibodies 50H.19 and ALB6 promote physical association between CD9 antigen and the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (GPIIb-IIIa) component of the platelet fibrinogen receptor. The monoclonal antibodies do not consistently immunoprecipitate proteins other than CD9 from 125I-labeled human platelets even if the platelets are first treated with the homobifunctional cross-linking reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate), indicating that CD9 antigen is not physically associated with other membrane proteins in the resting state. However, the addition of agonistic concentrations of either monoclonal antibody before cross-linking results in the coprecipitation of proteins corresponding in mobility and peptide composition to GPIIb, and GPIIIa. The association of CD9 with the GPIIb-IIIa complex is unaffected by a combination of aspirin and ADP scavengers sufficient to abrogate anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody-induced platelet aggregation, and is therefore not dependent upon thromboxane- and ADP-mediated pathways of intracellular signalling. The specificity of the association is demonstrated by the lack of other coprecipitating major proteins, by the requirement for induction by anti-CD9 monoclonal antibodies, and by the failure to promote reciprocal association with either of the anti-GPIIb-IIIa complex monoclonal antibodies P2 or HuP1-m1a.
Transient behavior of regulated Brownian motion, I: Starting at the origin (1987)

A natural model for stochastic flow systems is regulated or reflecting Brownian motion (RBM), which is Brownian motion on the positive real line with constant negative drift and constant diffusion coefficient, modified by an impenetrable reflecting barrier at the origin. As a basis for understanding how stochastic flow systems approach steady state, this paper provides relatively simple descriptions of the moments of RBM as functions of time. In Part I attention is restricted to the case in which RBM starts at the origin; then the moment functions are increasing. After normalization by the steady-state limits, these moment c.d.f.&amp;amp;s (cumulative distribution functions) coincide with gamma mixtures of inverse Gaussian c.d.f.&amp;amp;s. The first moment c.d.f. thus coincides with the first-passage time to the origin starting in steady state with the exponential stationary distribution. From this probabilistic characterization, it follows that the k th-moment c.d.f is the k -fold convolution of the first-moment c.d.f. As a consequence, it is easy to see that the ( k + 1)th moment approaches its steady-state limit more slowly than the kth moment. It is also easy to derive the asymptotic behavior as t →∞. The first two moment c.d.f.&amp;amp;s have completely monotone densities, supporting approximation by hyperexponential ( H 2 ) c.d.f.&amp;amp;s (mixtures of two exponentials). The H 2 approximations provide easily comprehensible descriptions of the first two moment c.d.f.&amp;amp;s suitable for practical purposes. The two exponential components of the H 2 approximation yield simple exponential approximations in different regimes. On the other hand, numerical comparisons show that the limit related to the relaxation time does not predict the approach to steady state especially well in regions of primary interest. In Part II (Abate and Whitt (1987a)), moments of RBM with non-zero initial conditions are treated by representing them as the difference of two increasing functions, one of which is the moment function starting at the origin studied here.
Mitogenic Effect of the Insulin Analogue Glargine in Malignant Cells in Comparison with Insulin and IGF-I (2008)

The aim of the study was to investigate if the insulin analogue glargine, with an increased affinity for the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), affects the cell growth to a larger extent than human insulin in malignant cells expressing IGF-IRs. The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SKBR-3, and the osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2 were used. Gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR and receptor protein quantified by ELISAs. Receptor phosphorylation was assessed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Mitogenic effect was determined as (3)H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The gene expression of insulin receptor (IR) varied between 4.3-7.5 x 10(-3) and the expression of IGF-IR between 7.7-147.7 x 10(-3) in relation to GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Insulin receptor and IGF-IR protein varied between 2.0-4.1 ng/mg protein and 2.0-40.4 ng/mg protein, respectively. The IGF-IR was phosphorylated by IGF-I at a concentration of 10(-10)-10(-9) M. All three polypeptides stimulated DNA synthesis in MCF-7, SKBR-3, and SaOS-2 cells. SaOS-2 cells were more sensitive to IGF-I than to insulin and glargine. MCF-7 cells were more sensitive to des(1-3)IGF-I than to IGF-I. In SKBR-3 and SaOS-2 cells, glargine tended to be more potent than human insulin to stimulate DNA synthesis. Our results suggest that glargine, compared to human insulin, has little or no increased mitogenic effect in malignant cells expressing IGF-IRs.
Robust analysis of spoken input combining statistical and knowledge-based information sources (2005)

The paper is concerned with the analysis of automatic transcription of spoken input into an interlingua formalism for a speech-to-speech machine translation system. This process is based on two sub-tasks: (1) the recognition of the domain action (a speech act and a sequence of concepts); (2) the extraction of arguments consisting of feature-value information. Statistical models are used for the former, while a knowledge-based approach is employed for the latter. The paper proposes an algorithm that improves the analysis in terms of robustness and performance; it combines the scores of the statistical models with the extracted arguments, taking into account the well-formedness constraints defined by the interlingua formalism.
Diverse oligopeptides isolated from aquatic microbial consortia (2015)

Bioassay-guided purification has conducted on fractions prepared from uniquely harvested biomass of aquatic microalgae using HT-29 human colon cancer cell line, and has led to the isolation of a number of oligopeptides, with the most representative sub-types being anabaenopepetins, oscillapeptins and aeruginosins. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. A LC-MS dereplication procedure was employed to facilitate the minor cytotoxic agents isolation.
Effect of Particle Size on Deformation and Compaction Characteristics of Ascorbic acid and Potassium Chloride: Neat and Granulated Drug (1994)

Deformation and compaction characteristics of two soluble drugs, ascorbic acid and potassium chloride, were investigated. Five different particle size fractions of ascorbic acid with mean particle size (d50) ranging from 30–300μm and four different particle size fractions of potassium chloride with d50 ranging from 20–400 μm were selected in the study. The compaction behavior of the drug substances as neat drugs or as granulated drugs were evaluated on both a Carver press and an instrumented single-punch tablet press. The results clearly show that mean particle size of the drug substances plays an important role in their compactibility. Intrinsic compactibility of both drug substances was slightly improved with increased particle size. Granulations of the drugs with polyvinyl pyrrolidone significantly improved their compactibility. However, this effect was more pronounced in the drug substance with finer particle size. The Heckel plots indicate that deformation characteristics of both granulated drugs were related to their original mean particle sizes. The granulations prepared from the coarser particle size (d50 250 μm to 400 μm) underwent two stages of deformation, so-called “brittle fracture” and “plastic deformation”. While the granulations prepared from the finer particle size predoninantly underwent “plastic deformation”. The results indicated that the plastic deformation of both granulated drugs was progressively enhanced whilst fragmentation of particles was correspondingly reduced as the particle size of the drugs was decreased. Scanning electron photomicrographs indicated that the granulation process changed the surface morphology of the drug particles imparting more “microirregularities” or “defects”, thereby providing greater “interparticulate bonding” as compared with the neat drugs. Optimum particle size range of ascorbic acid and potassium chloride for satisfactory compactibility was found to be 30–40 μm and 20–40 μm, respectively. The present study demonstrates the importance of selecting the appropriate particle size of drug for the development of tablet dosage forms.
Carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer: Challenges, collaborations, progress (2011)

Petersen, Gloria M Boffetta, Paolo eng Introductory 2011/12/14 06:00 Mol Carcinog. 2012 Jan;51(1):1-2. doi: 10.1002/mc.20876.
Synthetic, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies on Solids Containing Tris(dipicolinato) Rare Earth Anions and Transition or Main Group Metal Cations (1995)

The synthesis and basic characterisation are reported for 85 new solids of the general formula [ML(x)][Ln-(dipic)(3)] . nH(2)O (M = Cr or Co; L = urea, ammonia, and various amines; Ln = La-Lu, plus Y; dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate). Syntheses of some seven Cs-3[Ln(dipic)(3)] and [N(C2H5)(4)](3)[Ln(dipic)(3)] species are also given. Low-temperature luminescence measurements on a variety of these compounds and full X-ray crystallographic structure determinations for Cs-3[Eu(dipic)(3)]. 9H(2)O (orthorhombic, space group C222(1); a = 10.165(2), b = 18.164(4), c = 18.724(4) Angstrom; Z = 4; R(1) = 0.041 for 1573 ''observed'' reflections) and [Co(sar)]p[Eu(dipic)(3)]. 13H(2)O (monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n; n = 10.611(4), b = 26.500(10), c = 17.583(7) Angstrom; beta = 91.97(3)degrees; Z = 4; R(1) = 0.037 for 7695 ''observed'' reflections) are described to illustrate the range and complexity of the physical properties of these new materials. Both Cr(IlI) and Co(III) act as very efficient quenchers of the normally strong [Eu/Tb(dipic)(3)](3-) luminescence, though in at least one system it appears that Cr(III) may act to transfer excitation energy to Ln excited states from its own higher levels while simultaneously deactivating the Ln ion through its lower (doublet) states.
Remote simultaneous dual wavelength imaging photoplethysmography: a further step towards 3-D mapping of skin blood microcirculation (2008)

This paper presents a camera-based imaging photoplethysmographic (PPG) system in the remote detection of PPG signals, which can contribute to construct a 3-D blood pulsation mapping for the assessment of skin blood microcirculation at various vascular depths. Spot measurement and contact sensor have been currently addressed as the primary limitations in the utilization of conventional PPG system. The introduction of the fast digital camera inspires the development of the imaging PPG system to allow ideally non-contact monitoring from a larger field of view and different tissue depths by applying multi-wavelength illumination sources. In the present research, the imaging PPG system has the capability of capturing the PPG waveform at dual wavelengths simultaneously: 660 and 880nm. A selected region of tissue is remotely illuminated by a ring illumination source (RIS) with dual-wavelength resonant cavity light emitting diodes (RCLEDs), and the backscattered photons are captured by a 10-bit CMOS camera at a speed of 21 frames/second for each wavelength. The waveforms from the imaging system exhibit comparable functionality characters with those from the conventional contact PPG sensor in both time domain and frequency domain. The mean amplitude of PPG pulsatile component is extracted from the PPG waveforms for the mapping of blood pulsation in a 3-D format. These results strongly demonstrate the capability of the imaging PPG system in displaying the waveform and the potential in 3-D mapping of blood microcirculation by a non-contact means.
Anti-tumor effect of internal image bearing anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody in relation to GM3 ganglioside (1998)

Anti-idiotypic antibodies are a new type of useful tools for the possible treatment of cancer patients, since some act as antigen specific immunomodulators. Anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (anti-Id MAb) D704 (Ab2) was established which bore the internal image of the determinant defined by MAb M2590 (Ab1) against a sialic acid residue on GM3 ganglioside. In an in vivo syngeneic tumor system, anti-Id MAb D704 was more effective in preventing tumor progression, as compared with anti-GM3 MAb or no treatment. Significant suppression of tumor growth and prolongation of survival by administration of anti-Id MAb D704 in an animal group inoculated with 1 x 10(4)/mouse melanoma cells were seen, but not in a group inoculated with 5 x 10(4) cells/mouse. In an active specific immunotherapy protocol utilizing Ab2, the activity of anti-anti-Id antibodies (Ab3) specific for GM3 (antigen) which has a weak immunogenicity only, was maintained for more than 3 months. Ab2 generated cellular anti-tumor immune responses, including delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. Immunohistological analysis indicated a marked infiltration of CD4 and CD8 positive cells into the DTH sites. Our results suggest that internal image bearing anti-Id MAbs have a therapeutic potential against tumors if the number of melanoma cells is relatively low or if hosts are at an early stage of melanoma progression.
A fossil, serpentinization‐related hydrothermal vent, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 173, Site 1068 (Iberia Abyssal Plain): Some aspects of mineral and fluid chemistry (2000)

The basement at Site 1068, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 173 (serpentinized peridotite in fault contact with overlying amphibolite‐clast‐dominated sedimentary and tectonic breccias) is host to a hydrothermal system rooted in serpentinization reactions occurring at depth. The serpentinite grades downward from cataclasites at the fault, through brecciated, recrystallized, tochilinite‐bearing serpentinite, to awaruite‐bearing massive, mesh‐textured serpentinite. Andradite is common throughout and is a major sink for iron. The breccias are similarly zoned, from tectonized rocks near the fault upward into sedimentary breccias. Mg‐silicate vein assemblages and rodingitized amphibolite clasts near the fault give way to calcite veins and nonpervasive albite‐chlorite alteration upsection. Marcasite (± pyrrhotite at the fault) is the sulfide phase and occurs only in the tectonic breccias. Fe oxides are magnetite near the fault and hematite and ferric oxyhydroxides upsection. The zonation reflects mixing of seawater with a fluid whose composition (low f O 2 , f S 2 Si, CO 2 , high Ca, Fe, Ca/Mg, pH) is controlled by serpentinization reactions. The deepest serpentinites have strongly reduced mineral assemblages that are unusual in a totally serpentinized peridotite. This probably reflects equilibration with a fluid derived from ongoing serpentinization at depth. The upper serpentinites, on through the mineral sequences seen in the breccias reflect increasing input from seawater upsection. Increased f O 2 and f S 2 stabilizes increasingly S‐ and O‐rich assemblages. Calcite (and ferric oxide) precipitation decreases pH, stabilizing marcasite. Relative to mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal systems, fluids in serpentinite‐hosted hydrothermal systems are poor in S and rich in Mg and are unlikely to host large sulfide ore deposits.
SHEARING BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANEL WALL SHELLED WITH BAMBOO SCRIMBER (2015)

In this study, shearing behavior of a structural insulated panel (SIP) wall, which consisted of a Styrofoam core board, shell panel of bamboo scrimber, and frame of Spruce-Pine-Fir dimension lumber, was tested under monotonic and cyclic loads.Results showed that the SIP wall failed at similar positions under two loading modes, although more serious destruction occurred under cyclic than monotonic load.There was a linear relationship between load and displacement at the initial loading stage, which indicated that the wall worked under the elastic state.At a later loading stage, bearing capacity and rigidity decreased as a result of wall slip.Shearing strength under monotonic and cyclic loads was 20.0 and 15.8 kNm 1 , respectively, which met the requirement of the standard code for design of timber structures.Energy consumption of the SIP wall covered with bamboo scrimber was 11,556.6Jm 1 .
ChemInform Abstract: Block Copolymer Based Composition and Morphology Control in Nanostructured Hybrid Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Solar Cells, Batteries, and Fuel Cells (2011)

Abstract Review: 68 refs.
Strabismus Classification Using Digital Image Processing and Horizontal Coordinate Classification Algorithm (2019)

The study is centered around creating a system that uses digital image processing via OpenCV-Python and the central corneal light reflex (CCLR) test, or Hirschberg test, as the basis for HOCORC. This is an algorithm that would determine whether patients have strabismus and what type of strabismus found, whether esotropia or exotropia. CCLR processing of HOCORC resulted in an accuracy of 97.5% and an error rate of 2.5% for the detection of strabismus of patients. HOCORC produced an accuracy of 97.5% and an error rate of 2.5% for strabismus classification. These results indicate that the system using the proposed HOCORC algorithm is a viable means of detecting and classifying strabismus.
The Design of an Equalizer—Part Two [The Analog Mind] (2022)

As explained in “The Design of an Equalizer—Part One” <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , we wish to develop an equalizer meeting the following performance