gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening of Cardiac Surgery Patients - Polish Validation 4AT Tool (2020)

Abstract Introduction Delirium is a phenomenon which affects patients with various disorders and representing various age groups. Screening instruments make it possible to diagnose the condition at an early stage and to prevent its development. The article presents validation of the 4AT instrument, i.e. a two-minute test used to identify delirium. Objectives The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the 4AT (Pol4-AT) for use by nurses working in intensive care units. Patients and Methods The 4AT test was used to assess 444 patients at a cardiac surgery ward, on their sixth day in hospital, and the third day following a surgery. The patients were selected at random (in sequence any patient returning from a surgery and staying in hospital for six days). The conditions for entering the study included the subjects’ informed consent and age &gt;18 years. Results The current findings show that the 4AT scale can effectively be used in Poland, not only in geriatric patients but also at surgical wards and at ICUs. The study showed Cronbach’s alpha amounting to 0.843. Conclusions There is currently no validation tool in Poland that can be used in the diagnosis and screening of delirium. The CAM and CAM ICU scales, despite the fact that they have been translated into Polish, are not a standard used in practice in Poland
Implementation of high-speed fixed-point dividers on FPGA (2006)

Study deals with implementations of fixed-point division modules based on different algorithms on basis of Xilinx FPGAs. We show that our implementation of the nonrestoring algorithm is significantly faster and smaller than the 32-bit IP Core "Pipelined Divider" from Xilinx. For example, the speed of the 32-bit designed module is almost 245 MHz vs. 193 MHz from Xilinx divider. Moreover, high-speed parameterized modules are designed to provide arbitrary precision of the fixed-point division, for example, with 64-bit or 128-bit operands and large fixedpoint result.
The Flat-Rate Pricing Paradox: Conflicting Effects of “All-You-Can-Eat” Buffet Pricing (2010)

Are price and consumption independent in flat-rate price service contexts? A field experiment at an all-you-can-eat pizza restaurant shows that a 50% discount on the price of the meal led customers to consume 27.9% less pizza (2.95 versus 4.09 pieces). A second analysis indicated that individual taste ratings of this pizza tended to be inversely related to how much is consumed. One possible interpretation of these two findings is that individuals in a flat-rate (or fixed-price) context may consume the amount that enables them to get their money's worth rather than consuming until their marginal utility of consumption is 0.
Design and implementation of parallel video encoding strategies using divisible load analysis (2005)

The processing time needed for motion estimation usually accounts for a significant part of the overall processing time of the video encoder. To improve the video encoding speed, reducing the execution time for motion estimation process is essential. Parallel implementation of video encoding systems using either the software or the hardware approach has attracted much attention in the area of real time video coding. In this paper, we attempt to implement a video encoder on a bus network. Usually, for such a parallel system, the key concern is associated with partitioning and balancing of the computational load among the processors such that the overall processing time of the video encoder is minimized. With the use of the divisible load theory (DLT) paradigm, a strip-wise load partitioning/balancing scheme, a load distribution strategy, two implementation strategies are developed to exploit the data parallelism inherent in the video encoding process. The striking feature of our design is that,both the granularity of the load partitions and all the associated overheads caused during parallel video encoding process can be explicitly considered. This significantly contributes to the minimization of the overall processing time of the video encoder. Extensive experimental studies are carried out to test the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. The performance of the parallel video encoder is quantified using the metrics speedup and performance gain, respectively. The experimental results show that our strategies are effective for exploiting the available parallelism inherent in the video encoding process and provide a theoretical insight on how to analytically quantify and minimize the overall processing time of a parallel system. The proposed strategies can be easily extended and applied to improve other existing parallel systems.
The Deformation and Ageing of Mild Steel: III Discussion of Results (1951)

An attempt is made here to explain the observed phenomena in the yielding and ageing of mild steel, described in two previous papers, in the general terms of a grain-boundary theory. On this hypothesis, a satisfactory explanation of the variation of the lower yield point with grain size may be developed. It is shown that strain-ageing must involve two processes: a healing of the grain-boundary films, coupled with a hardening in the grains themselves. A discussion of the possible nature of the grain-boundary film is also undertaken.
A verified protocol buffer compiler (2019)

The code responsible for serializing and deserializing untrusted external data is a vital component of any software that communicates with the outside world, as any bugs in these components can compromise the entire system. This is particularly true for verified systems which rely on trusted code to process external data, as any defects in the parsing code can invalidate any formal proofs about the system. One way to reduce the trusted code base of these systems is to use interface generators like Protocol Buffer and ASN.1 to generate serializers and deserializers from data descriptors. Of course, these generators are not immune to bugs.
Synthesis and functionalisation of highly substituted oxetanes: molecular scaffolds for drug discovery (2016)

This thesis details new approaches to the synthesis and functionalisation of highly substituted, diversely functionalised oxetanes (Scheme 1). These types of 2-substituted oxetanes constitute desirable 3-dimensional motifs for medicinal chemistry, which exhibit desirable physicochemical properties as fragment molecules and could be core scaffolds to be grown along multiple vectors. The first section presents an introduction to the methods of oxetane synthesis, drug discovery, the recent incorporation of oxetanes into drug discovery and other uses of oxetanes. Section 3 describes investigations into the derivatisation of the C=C double bond of novel 2-methyleneoxetanes. Section 4 then outlines the successful development of a rapid, efficient and functional group tolerant 2-step synthesis of 2,2-substituted oxetanes via a Rh(II)-catalysed O–H insertion and a C–C bond forming cyclisation utilising anion stabilising groups to stabilise the intermediate carbanion. This methodology initially employed diazo malonate derivatives and alcohols bearing leaving groups (-halohydrins) to access di, tri and tetrasubstituted oxetanes with a diverse range of functional groups. This was then expanded to incorporate a wider range of functionalised diazo compounds, including combinations of ester, amide, sulfone, phosphonate, nitrile and (hetero)aromatic substituents as anion stabilising groups (Section 5). These highly substituted oxetanes contained handles which underwent derivatisation to access diversely functionalised molecules. Finally, incorporation of the ketone moiety into this methodology led to a C–O bond forming cyclisation, forming 1,4-dioxenes (Section 6). In order to achieve high yields, a Ru(II)-catalysed O–H insertion was developed. Initial investigations into the derivatisation of these unusual partially saturated heterocycles were conducted to access functionalised 3-dimensional scaffolds potentially of interest in medicinal chemistry.
A Pilot Study Using Simvastatin in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2009)

In this pilot trial, monotherapy with simvastatin does not seem to be an effective treatment for NASH.
In Situ Replication Techniques: I. Preliminary Screening and the Negative Replication Technique (1977)

Fourteen commercially available elastomeric materials were investigated for their suitability as in vivo replication media. After a preliminary screening on an annotated specimen, three materials were chosen for further study. Of all materials evaluated, Xantopren Blue and Silene silicone impression materials provided the best results in vivo. This study demonstrates that a high resolution (ca 1 micron) negative replication technique may prove useful for the clinical evaluation of single-surface phenomena.
First-principle band calculation of ruthenium for various phases (2000)

The total energies and the magnetic moments of Ru for HCP, BCC, FCC, BCT structures were calculated by using a first-principle full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). HCP has the lowest energy among the structures calculated, which agrees with the experimental result that HCP is the equilibrium phase of Ru. The total energy of BCT Ru has the local minimum at c/a=2 (FCC) with a=5.13 au, c=7.25 au and c/a=0.83 with a=6.15 au, c=5.11 au. It is pointed out that these phases are possibly metastable. The BCC structure, which corresponds to BCT with a=c=5.78 au, is unstable because it is at a saddle point of the total energy. BCT Ru of c/a<1 has a magnetic moment at the stable volume.
PSIM-a simulator for concurrent execution of net-based programs (2002)

We present a simulator for performance evaluation and visualisation of the execution of concurrent programs represented as nets. The notation for net description is based on Petri nets, augmented with semantic properties such as simultaneous firing of multiple transitions, finite firing time, and maturing of tokens in places. The flow of tokens in the net represents all possible flows of control among code segments, including parallelism, synchronisation and non-determinism. The simulator emulates parallel execution over a selectable number of processors; it accounts for hypothetical execution times of code segments, arbitrates conflicting transitions and randomises non-deterministic branches.
Retention of configuration at C-1 of the allyl group in a photochemical 1,3-allylic shift of a benzyl group (1971)

On direct u.v. irradiation cis-2-methyl-3-phenyldicyanomethylenecyclohexane (IV) rearranges to 2,2-dicyano-3-phenylethylidenecyclohexane (V), in which the methyl group is trans to the gem-dicyano-group; this constitutes a 1,3-shift of the benzylic centre with retention of configuration at C-1 of the dicyano-allyl group.
Serotonergic Responsivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1988)

Clomipramine is a potent serotonin reuptake blocker that decreases the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To investigate whether clomipramine treatment in OCD affects brain serotonergic responsiveness, metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), a selective serotonin agonist, and placebo were given under double-blind conditions to nine patients with OCD before and after treatment with clomipramine. Unlike our previous observations of a marked transient increase in obsessional symptoms and anxiety following 0.5 mg/kg of mCPP, readministration of mCPP after four months of treatment with clomipramine did not significantly increase obsessional symptoms and anxiety. Similarly, the hyperthermic effect of mCPP observed before treatment was eliminated after treatment with clomipramine. These findings are consistent with the development of adaptive subsensitivity to the serotonergic agonist mCPP during clomipramine treatment. A similar alteration in the response to endogenous serotonin may mediate clomipramine's antiobsessional effects.
cdc2-like kinase is associated with the retinoblastoma protein. (1992)

The growth-suppressive activity of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein is suggested to be regulated by phosphorylation. In studies on the kinase that phosphorylates the RB proteins, we have previously found that RB proteins can be phosphorylated by purified cdc2 kinase. In this study, we noted that RB proteins immunoprecipitated from human cell lysates are weakly phosphorylated in the absence of purified cdc2 kinase. Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of p34cdc2 in the immunoprecipitates with anti-RB monoclonal antibody. In addition, the coprecipitated kinase was found to have the same substrate specificity as cdc2 kinase. The associated kinase activity was particularly high in cells arrested in G1/S and S phase by aphidicolin. Furthermore, RB proteins were shown to be phosphorylated in nuclear extracts by some endogenous cdc2-like kinase(s). These results suggest that cdc2-like kinase is the main kinase for phosphorylation of RB proteins in vivo.
Enhancing Solid-State Conductivity through Acid or Base Doping of Protic Imidazolium and Imidazolinium Triflate Salts (2017)

Protic salts, including those showing plastic crystal behavior, are an interesting family of materials being rediscovered for use as solid conducting materials. This work compares two such compounds, 2-methylimidazolium triflate, [2-MeHIm][TfO], and 2-methylimidazolinium triflate, [2-MeHImn][TfO]. This subtle change in structure resulted in substantial differences in thermal behavior; [2-MeHIm][TfO] shows two solid–solid phase transitions while none were observed for [2-MeHImn][TfO]. However, both compounds are in a disordered solid state (ΔSf < 40 JK–1 mol–1) resulting in relatively high room temperature conductivities. Neat [2-MeHImn][TfO] had a conductivity above 10–5 S cm–1, but the addition of either the component acid or base as dopants resulted in a substantial increase in conductivity, to over 10–4 S cm–1 at 30 °C. Solid-state 1H and 19F NMR studies suggest that the dopants enhance the conduction primarily by increasing the proportion of mobile ions in the solid matrix. However, [2-MeHIm][TfO] also displays evidence of proton hopping via the cation.
Preliminary results of flight tests of vortex attenuating splines (1974)

Flight tests have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a wingtip vortex attenuating device, referred to as a spline. Vortex penetrations were made with a PA-28 behind a C-54 aircraft with and without wingtip splines attached and the resultant rolling acceleration was measured and related to the roll acceleration capability of the PA-28. Tests were conducted over a range of separation distances from about 5 nautical miles (n. mi.) to less than 1 n. mi. Preliminary results indicate that, with the splines installed, there was a significant reduction in the vortex induced roll acceleration experienced by the PA-28 probe aircraft, and the distance at which the PA-28 roll control became ineffective was reduced from 2.5 n. mi. to 0.6 n. mi., or less. There was a slight increase in approach noise (approximately 4 db) with the splines installed due primarily to the higher engine power used during approach. Although splines significantly reduced the C-54 rate of climb, the rates available with four engines were acceptable for this test program. Splines did not introduce any noticeable change in the handling qualities of the C-54.
Long-Term Outcome in the Repair of Spinal Cord Perimedullary Arteriovenous Fistulas (2010)

Significant improvement in ambulation but in not micturition was observed following treatment. Residual fistula on follow-up angiography was associated with progressive worsening or lack of improvement in neurologic function. Patients with type 3 fistulas were shown to benefit most from treatment, with marked improvement in posttreatment ambulation scores. As endovascular and surgical techniques continue to evolve, further studies are warranted.
Electric current mapping using the acousto-electric effect (2006)

Conventional methods for mapping cardiac current fields lack either spatial resolution (e.g. ECG) or are time consuming (e.g., intra-cardiac catheter electrode mapping). We present a method based on the acousto-electric effect (AEE) with potential for rapid mapping of current fields in the heart with high spatial resolution. The AEE is a pressure-induced conductivity modulation, in which focused ultrasound can be used as a spatially localized pressure source. When an ultrasound beam is focused between a pair of recording electrodes in a homogeneous conductive medium, an induced voltage will be produced due to the pressure-modulated conductivity and local current density. The amplitude of the voltage change should be proportional to fluctuations in current density, such as those generated during the cardiac cycle, in the region of focused ultrasound. Preliminary experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this method. A 540 kHz ultrasound transducer is focused between two tin electrodes lying parallel to the beam axis. These electrodes inject current into a 0.9% saline solution. A pair of insulated stainless steel electrodes exposed at the tip is used to record voltage. To simulate a cardiac current, a low frequency current waveform is injected into the sample such that the peak current density (8 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) approximates cardiac currents. The transducer is pulsed at different delays after waveform initiation. Delays are chosen such that the low frequency waveform is adequately sampled. Using this approach an emulated ECG waveform has been successfully reconstructed from the ultrasound modulated voltage traces.
High-speed atomic force microscopy using an integrated actuator and optical lever detection (1996)

A new procedure for high-speed imaging with the atomic force microscope that combines an integrated ZnO piezoelectric actuator with an optical lever sensor has yielded an imaging bandwidth of 33 kHz. This bandwidth is primarily limited by a mechanical resonance of 77 kHz when the cantilever is placed in contact with a surface. Images scanned with a tip velocity of 1 cm/s have been obtained in the constant force mode by using the optical lever to measure the cantilever stress. This is accomplished by subtracting an unwanted deflection produced by the actuator from the net deflection measured by the photodiode using a linear correction circuit. We have verified that the tip/sample force is constant by monitoring the cantilever stress with an implanted piezoresistor.
Pax-2 is required for mesenchyme-to-epithelium conversion during kidney development (1993)

The conversion of mesenchyme to epithelium during the embryonic development of the mammalian kidney requires reciprocal inductive interactions between the ureter and the responding metanephric mesenchyme. The Pax-2 gene is activated in the mesenchyme in response to induction and is subsequently down-regulated in more differentiated cells derived from the mesenchyme. Pax-2 belongs to a family of genes, at least three of which encode morphogenetic regulatory transcription factors. In order to determine the role of Pax-2 during kidney development, we have generated a loss-of-function phenotype using antisense oligonucleotides in mouse kidney organ cultures. These oligonucleotides can specifically inhibit Pax-2 protein accumulation in kidney mesenchyme cells, where the intracellular concentrations are maximal. The kidney organ cultures were stained with uvomurulin and laminin antibodies as markers for epithelium formation. With significantly reduced Pax-2 protein levels, kidney mesenchyme cells fail to aggregate and do not undergo the sequential morphological changes characteristic of epithelial cell formation. The data demonstrate that Pax-2 function is required for the earliest phase of mesenchyme-to-epithelium conversion.
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type I Diabetic Patients: Comparison With Continuous Microdialysis Measurements of Glucose in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue During Ordinary Life Conditions (1997)

In many type I diabetic patients, the true diurnal variability in glycemia is too great to be accurately reflected even by frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose.
Supplementary Figure S8 from <i>LZTR1</i> Mutation Mediates Oncogenesis through Stabilization of EGFR and AXL (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Vulnerability of LZTR1 inactive cells to combination treatment of EGFR and AXL inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;
Meta-Q-Learning (2019)

This paper introduces Meta-Q-Learning (MQL), a new off-policy algorithm for meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL). MQL builds upon three simple ideas. First, we show that Q-learning is competitive with state-of-the-art meta-RL algorithms if given access to a context variable that is a representation of the past trajectory. Second, a multi-task objective to maximize the average reward across the training tasks is an effective method to meta-train RL policies. Third, past data from the meta-training replay buffer can be recycled to adapt the policy on a new task using off-policy updates. MQL draws upon ideas in propensity estimation to do so and thereby amplifies the amount of available data for adaptation. Experiments on standard continuous-control benchmarks suggest that MQL compares favorably with the state of the art in meta-RL.
High Q 3-bit linear digital MEMS capacitors (2004)

This paper presents the design and the performances of higb Q MEMS switched capacitor banks. Each device owned three switchable bits, has been optimized to achieve a constant capacitance step variation between their height states. The implementation of two kinds of MEMS switch (capacitive and DC contact) has been studied and experimental results demonstrate than very good performances can also be achieved with DC contact micro-relays as well as capacitive switches. These fabricated devices present measured Q values at least better than 150 with a ratio better than 1:2, making them suitable for low loss tunable apptications.
Accurate watermarking capacity evaluation (2007)

Defined as the maximum amount of information which can be inserted in an original media for prescribed transparency and robustness, watermarking capacity has been a challenging research topic in the last years. The present paper allows several current limitations in this respect to be overcame. As the capacity strongly depends on the attack statistical behaviour, the first part of our paper is devoted to their in-depth investigation. By advancing an original statistical approach, it is pointed out that we may speak about probability density functions modelling several types of attacks (filtering, small rotation, StirMark). Then, these new accurate models are considered as the starting points in the probability evaluation. The experimental study is based on the watermarking methods inserting the mark in the hierarchy of the coefficients corresponding to three types of wavelets transforms, namely the (2,2), (4,4) and (9,7). The video corpus consisted in 10 video sequences of about 25 minutes each, with heterogeneous content.
High average power ultrafast amplifier for micromachining applications (2008)

We demonstrate a directly diode-pumped femtosecond regenerative amplifier with up to 2.5mJ pulse energy at a repetition rate of several kHz. Chirped pulse amplification is applied in order to eliminate non linear effects and to avoid damage of optical components during the amplification process. We use Ytterbium doped materials for femtosecond pulse amplification and high average power operation. The laser system is compact and robust source in order to answer the need of high energy and high average power for micro and nanomachining applications. Average power up to 15W at pulse repetition rates up to 100 kHz are also demonstrated with the same system. This wide operating range means that the laser can be used for many different processes.