gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and Cocrystallization in Supramolecular Comb Copolymer-like Systems:  Blends of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) and Pentadecylphenol (1999)

The solid state of comb copolymer-like systems obtained by blending poly(4-vinylpyridine) with pentadecylphenol was studied by a combination of techniques. Depending on the amount of pentadecylphenol, several regimes are present. For 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 (x is the ratio between the number of phenol and pyridine groups) the alkyl tails form an interdigitated hexagonally packed crystalline layer. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements show that for x = 1.5 and 2.0 the excess pentadecylphenol cocrystallizes with the associated pentadecylphenol, with the free phenol groups probably aggregating near the middle of the crystalline layer. For x ≥ 2.0 the orthorhombic crystal modification also appears. Finally for x ≥ 3.0, part of the excess pentadecylphenol macrophase separates on crystallization, forming an additional phase of pure pentadecylphenol with the familiar orthorhombic packing. These findings are similar to results obtained for real comb copolymer systems, i.e., containing covalently bonded side chains. However, our systems are essentially different due to the dynamic hydrogen-bonding equilibrium, which implies that the equilibrium solid state may always involve some form of macrophase separation.
Camera Readable 2D Bar Codes Design and Decoding for Mobile Phones (2006)

2D bar codes were designed to carry significantly more data than its 1D counterpart. Thanks to the popular combination of cameras and mobile phones, it will naturally bring great commercial value to use the camera phone for 2D bar code reading. This paper addresses the problem of specific 2D bar code design for mobile phones and introduces a low-level solution of matrix codes. At the same time, we propose an efficient scheme for 2D bar codes decoding, of which the effort is put on solutions of the difficulties introduced by low image quality that is very common in bar code images taken by a phone camera.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Efficient and accurate construction of genetic linkage maps from the minimum spanning tree of a graph. (2008)

Genetic linkage maps are cornerstones of a wide spectrum of biotechnology applications, including map-assisted breeding, association genetics, and map-assisted gene cloning. During the past several years, the adoption of high-throughput genotyping technologies has been paralleled by a substantial increase in the density and diversity of genetic markers. New genetic mapping algorithms are needed in order to efficiently process these large datasets and accurately construct high-density genetic maps. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm to order markers on a genetic linkage map. Our method is based on a simple yet fundamental mathematical property that we prove under rather general assumptions. The validity of this property allows one to determine efficiently the correct order of markers by computing the minimum spanning tree of an associated graph. Our empirical studies obtained on genotyping data for three mapping populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare), as well as extensive simulations on synthetic data, show that our algorithm consistently outperforms the best available methods in the literature, particularly when the input data are noisy or incomplete. The software implementing our algorithm is available in the public domain as a web tool under the name MSTmap. PMID: 18846212
Whole Human-Brain Mapping of Single Cortical Neurons for Profiling Morphological Diversity and Stereotypy (2022)

Abstract Quantification of individual cells’ morphology and their distribution at the whole brain scale is essential to understand the structure and diversity of cell types. Despite recent technological advances, especially single cell labeling and whole brain imaging, for many prevailing animal models, it is exceedingly challenging to reuse similar technologies to study human brains. Here we propose Adaptive Cell Tomography (ACTomography), a low-cost, high-throughput, high-efficacy tomography approach, based on adaptive targeting of individual cells suitable for human-brain scale modeling of single neurons to characterize their 3-D structures, statistical distributions, and extensible for other cellular features. Specifically, we established a platform to inject dyes into cortical neurons in surgical tissues of 18 patients with brain tumors or other conditions and 1 donated fresh postmortem brain. We collected 3-D images of 1746 cortical neurons, of which 852 neurons were subsequentially reconstructed to quantify their local dendritic morphology, and mapped to standard atlases both computationally and semantically. In our data, human neurons are more diverse across brain regions than by subject age or gender. The strong stereotypy within cohorts of brain regions allows generating a statistical tensor-field of neuron morphology to characterize 3-D anatomical modularity of a human brain.
Intramuscular Grafts of Myoblasts Genetically Modified to Secrete Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Prevent Motoneuron Loss and Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1999)

Effects of ex vivo GDNF gene delivery on the degeneration of motoneurons were studied in the G1H transgenic mouse model of familial ALS carrying a human superoxide dismutase (SOD1) with a Gly93Ala mutation (Gurney et al., 1994). Retroviral vectors were made to produce human GDNF or E. coli beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) by transient transfection of the Phoenix cell line and used to infect primary mouse myoblasts. In 6-week-old G1H mice, 50,000 myoblasts per muscle were injected bilaterally into two hindlimb muscles. Untreated G1H and wild-type mice served as additional controls. At 17 weeks of age, 1 week before sacrifice, these muscles were injected with fluorogold (FG) to retrogradely label spinal motoneurons that maintained axonal projections to the muscles. There were significantly more large FG-labeled alpha motoneurons at 18 weeks in GDNF-treated G1H mice than in untreated and beta-Gal-treated G1H mice. A morphometric study of motoneuron size distribution showed that GDNF shifted the size distribution of motoneurons toward larger cells compared with control G1H mice, although the average size and number of large motoneurons in GDNF-treated mice were less than that in wild-type mice. GDNF also prolonged the onset of disease, delayed the deterioration of performance in tests of motor behavior, and slowed muscle atrophy. Quantitative, real-time RT-PCR and PCR showed persistence of transgene mRNA and DNA in muscle for up to 12 weeks postgrafting. These observations demonstrate that ex vivo GDNF gene therapy in a mouse model of FALS promotes the survival of functional motoneurons, suggesting that a similar approach might delay the progression of neurodegeneration in ALS.
Repetitive Electric Stimulation Elicits Enduring Improvement of Sensorimotor Performance in Seniors (2010)

Age-related changes occur on all stages of the human somatosensory pathway, thereby deteriorating tactile, haptic, and sensorimotor performance. However, recent studies show that age-related changes are not irreversible but treatable through peripheral stimulation paradigms based on neuroplasticity mechanisms. We here applied repetitive electric stimulation (rES) to the fingers on a bi-weekly basis for 4 weeks to induce enduring amelioration of age-related changes in healthy individuals aged 60-85 years. Tactile, haptic, and motor performance gradually improved over time of intervention. After termination of rES, tactile acuity recovered to baseline within 2 weeks, while the gains in haptic and motor performance were preserved for 2 weeks. Sham stimulation showed no comparable changes. Our data indicate that age-related decline of sensorimotor performance can be ameliorated by rES and can be stabilized by the repeated application. Thus, long-term application of rES appears as a prime candidate for maintaining sensorimotor functions in elderly individuals.
High-contrast 20 Petawatt Ti:sapphire laser system (2013)

We report on a 2.0 PW femtosecond laser system at 800 nm based on the scheme of chirped pulse amplification using Ti:sapphire crystals, which is the highest peak power ever achieved from a femtosecond laser system. Combining the index-matching cladding technique and the precise control of the time delay between the input seed pulse and pump pulses, the parasitic lasing in the final booster amplifier is effectively suppressed at the pump energy of 140 J at 527 nm. The maximum output energy from the final amplifier is 72.6 J, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 47.2% from the pump energy to the output laser energy. The measured spectral width of the amplified output pulse from the final amplifier is 60.8 nm for the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) by controlling the spectral evolution in the amplifier chain, and the recompressed pulse duration is 26.0 fs. The technology of cross-polarized wave (XPW) is applied in a broadband front-end, and the pulse contrast is improved to ~1.5 × 10¹¹ (-100 ps before the main pulse) which is measured at 83 TW power level with a repetition rate of 5 HZ.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infra‐red studies of X‐ray‐induced beam damage of cellulose, ethyl cellulose and ethyl‐hydroxyethyl cellulose (1992)

Abstract The cellulose derivatives ethyl cellulose and ethyl‐hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) have been studied by XPS in the form of solvent‐cast films. All the films, as well as a sample of cellulose used as a standard material, show significant surface degradation on irradiation in the time period consistent with XPS data acquisition. Under the experimental conditions employed here the four materials studied behave similarly, in that a reaction occurs in the cellulose skeleton, resulting in dehydroxylation of some of the pyranose units in the surface layers, with concomitant elimination of molecules of water. An infrared (IR) analysis of the ethyl cellulose and high‐molicular‐weight EHEC films indicates the presence of a strong carbonyl band, no evidence for which is found in the XPS spectra. However, other features of the IR spectra support the proposed dehydroxylation mechanism. The origin of this inconsistency is nuclear but may be attributable to either differences in the surface and bulk degradation products formed or to the detection differences of the XPS and IR techniques.
Improved Small Sample Inference for Efficient Method of Moments and Indirect Inference Estimators (2012)

Mimeo, 2009
<title>Effect of antiooxidants on phthalocyanine photosensitization of human erythrocytes</title> (1993)

Photohemolysis of human erythrocytes sensitized by sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine was used as an endpoint to study possible chemical modifications of photodynamic therapy. Ascorbate, in concentrations up to 0.1 mM, had a small protective effect. In larger amounts it stimulated the rate of photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner up to 1mM, by a factor of 2. Azide and D20 tests indicated some participation of singlet oxygen, although to a lesser extent than in the absence of ascorbate. Kinetic considerations augur for a reaction path initiated by an interaction of excited sensitizer-ascorbate, parallel to the singlet oxygen-mediated process. Because of the ubiquitous presence of ascorbate in human tissues in concentrations comparable to those of dissolved oxygen, it is a reasonable estimation that in photodynamic therapy, a fraction of the photodynamic damage proceeds via a Type I, ascorbate-assisted, mechanism. Tocopherol had an effect opposite to that of ascorbate, namely it inhibited the photohemolysis. Likewise, quercetin, a plant flavonoid, was protective against phthalocyanine-induced photohemolysis.
Virtual Cloud Core: OpenCL Workload Sharing Framework for Connected Devices (2013)

Many of earlier attempts on mobile cloud integrations aim on increasing storage capacity of mobile devices, rather than its computation capacity. Traditional distributed computing model relies on static and reliable network connections to share workload among collaborative devices. The researches on pervasive and ubiquitous computing community enable collaborative computation to be conducted on connected computers. Similarly, it is limited to predefined computation services including predefined services and computation platforms. The computation resources in modern computation environment are heterogeneous and evolve over time. The aforementioned computation models do not make good use of such resources. We design and implement an extended OpenCL framework to federate the computation resources of mobile devices with cloud service so as to share its workload and shorten application response times. A virtual cloud core is attached to OpenCL context and can unify the computation between mobile devices and cloud services. The framework does not blindly off-load computation but take into account network capacity and load on connected servers so as to effectively share the load. It also allows a computation request to be conducted either on CPU on mobile device or GPU on connected servers. Our experiments show that the response time can be improved for up to 25 times with modern wireless network connection.
Fullerene-Assisted Quenching of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Photoluminescence through a Flavin-Helix (2016)

Maintaining single-walled carbon nanotubes in their pristine state ( i.e. devoid of aggregation and inhomogeneous doping) within nanostructured photovoltaic devices is a major challenge. In this contribution, we report on the synthesis and self-assembly of a C 60 -functionalized flavin (FC 60 ), composed of PCBM and isoalloxazine moieties attached on either ends of a linear aliphatic spacer. Small amounts of FC 60 (up to 3 molar %) were shown to co-assembly with an organic soluble derivative of flavin (FC12) around SWNTs and impart effective dispersion and individualization. Steady state and transient absorption spectroscopy illustrate that 1% or higher incorporation of FC 60 allows for an effective photo-induced charge transfer quenching of the encased SWNTs through the seamless helical encase. This is enabled via the direct π-π overlap between the graphene sidewalls, isoalloxazine helix and the C 60 cage, that facilitates SWNT exciton dissociation and electron transfer to the PCBM moiety. Atomistic molecular simulations elucidate how the fullerene is brought in the vicinity of the isoalloxazine helix to quench the nanotube. The narrow E S ii linewidth for the resulting ground state complex indicates a new class of highly organized supramolecular nanotube architecture with profound importance for advanced nanostructured devices.
FlashRelate: extracting relational data from semi-structured spreadsheets using examples (2015)

With hundreds of millions of users, spreadsheets are one of the most important end-user applications. Spreadsheets are easy to use and allow users great flexibility in storing data. This flexibility comes at a price: users often treat spreadsheets as a poor man's database, leading to creative solutions for storing high-dimensional data. The trouble arises when users need to answer queries with their data. Data manipulation tools make strong assumptions about data layouts and cannot read these ad-hoc databases. Converting data into the appropriate layout requires programming skills or a major investment in manual reformatting. The effect is that a vast amount of real-world data is "locked-in" to a proliferation of one-off formats. We introduce FlashRelate, a synthesis engine that lets ordinary users extract structured relational data from spreadsheets without programming. Instead, users extract data by supplying examples of output relational tuples. FlashRelate uses these examples to synthesize a program in Flare. Flare is a novel extraction language that extends regular expressions with geometric constructs. An interactive user interface on top of FlashRelate lets end users extract data by point-and-click. We demonstrate that correct Flare programs can be synthesized in seconds from a small set of examples for 43 real-world scenarios. Finally, our case study demonstrates FlashRelate's usefulness addressing the widespread problem of data trapped in corporate and government formats.
Impact of residual amplitude modulation on theperformance of dispersion-supported anddispersion-mediated nonlinearity-enhanced transmission (1994)

The authors investigate the impact of nonvanishing residual amplitude modulation on the improvement in length which is achievable with dispersion-mediated nonlinearity-enhanced transmission over simple dispersion-supported transmission. The results reveal the feasibility of an increase in length by a factor of 1.5 for a 10 Gbit/s standard-fibre transmission, even when conventional direct modulation is used, allowing more than 300 km to be bridged.
Fli-1 overexpression in erythroleukemic cells promotes erythroid de-differentiation while Spi-1/PU.1 exerts the opposite effect (2017)

The ETS transcription factors play a critical role during hematopoiesis. In F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemia, Fli‑1 insertional activation producing high expression of this transcription factor required to promote proliferation. How deregulated Fli‑1 expression alters the balance between erythroid differentiation and proliferation is unknown. To address this issue, we exogenously overexpressed Fli‑1 in an erythroleukemic cell harboring activation of spi‑1/PU.1, another ETS gene involved in erythroleukemogenesis. While the proliferation in culture remains unaffected, Fli‑1 overexpression imparts morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of immature erythroid progenitors. Fli‑1 overexpression in erythroleukemic cells increased the numbers of erythroid colonies on methylcellulose and reduced tumorigenicity as evidenced by increase latency of erythroleukemogenesis in mice inoculated with these cells. Although all transplanted mice developed enlargement of the spleen and liver due to leukemic infiltration, Fli‑1 overexpression altered the hematopoietic phenotype, significantly increasing the expression of regulatory hematopoietic genes cKIT, SCA-1, CD41 and CD71. In contrast, expression of Spi‑1/PU.1 in a Fli‑1 producing erythroleukemia cell line in which fli‑1 is activated, resulted in increased proliferation through activation of growth promoting proteins MAPK, AKT, cMYC and JAK2. Importantly, these progenitors express high levels of markers such as CD71 and TER119 associated with more mature erythroid cells. Thus, Fli‑1 overexpression induces a de-differentiation program by reverting CFU-E to BFU-E erythroid progenitor activity, while Spi‑1/PU.1 promoting maturation from BFU-E to CFU-E.
Beat my bass, pluck my drum (2014)

Beating a bass, plucking a drum -- new systems of instruments make it possible. In this paper we describe recent research into networked musical instruments for group improvisation; instruments that reciprocally influence each other's behaviour, making, contrary to what we are used to, the interaction with them unpredictable, unstable, out of control, but highly interesting and exciting for both musician and the audience. This research will not only result in different ways of musical expression, but also teach us lessons about how to design open systems. We describe our theoretical starting points, the set-up of our research case, as well as one example design: a two-stringed synthesizer controller and an augmented percussive instrument that influence each other's tonal characteristics. With these instruments collaboration is a must. There is no 'i' in network.
Evaluation of Durability of a Single Dose of the Bivalent HPV Vaccine: The CVT Trial (2020)

More than a decade after HPV vaccination, single-dose VE against HPV16 or 18 infection remained high and HPV16 or 18 antibodies remained stable. A single dose of bivalent HPV vaccine may induce sufficiently durable protection that obviates the need for more doses.
Real-Time Noninvasive Measurement of Glucose Concentration Using a Microwave Biosensor (2010)

We measured the glucose concentration by using the real-time electromagnetic interaction between probe-tip and glucose solution using a microwave biosensor. The microwave biosensor, consisting of a dielectric resonator coupled to the probe-tip, allows observation of the small variation of the glucose concentration changes in the ranges of 0–300 mg/ml by measuring the microwave reflection coefficient<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>11</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>. We could observe the concentration of glucose with a detectable resolution up to 1 mg/ml at an operating frequency of about<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:math> GHz. The change of the glucose concentration is directly related to the change of the reflection coefficient due to the electromagnetic interaction between the microwave resonator and the glucose solution. The operational principal is explained by the plane-wave solution model. The measured signal-to-noise ratio was about 37 dB, and the minimum detectible signal was about 0.003 dB/(mg/ml). A glucose biosensor using a microwave resonator with probe provides a unique approach for glucose real-time monitoring.
Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of a Low Calorie Fiber Bar (1989)

ABSTRACT Three levels of fiber were incorporated, and five combinations of wheat and corn bran were evaluated in formulating the fiber bars. A total of 15 fiber‐bar variations were tested for physical characteristics and subjected to sensory evaluation by trained taste panelists. The three fiber‐bar variations which were ranked highest by the sensory panel were also tested by consumer sensory evaluation. Findings indicated that the optimum level of fiber replacement of flour were 20% by weight. At this level of replacement, either all wheat bran or a mixture containing a maximum of half corn and half wheat was found by consumer sensory evaluation to produce acceptable fiber bars.