gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling Pathways Used by the Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Maresin 2 Regulate Goblet Cell Function: Comparison with Maresin 1 (2022)

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including Maresins (MaR)-1 and 2, contribute to tear film homeostasis and resolve conjunctival inflammation. We investigated MaR2's signaling pathways in goblet cells (GC) from rat conjunctiva. Agonist-induced [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and high-molecular weight glycoconjugate secretion were measured. MaR2 increased [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and stimulated secretion. MaR2 and MaR1 stimulate conjunctival goblet cell function, especially secretion, by activating different but overlapping GPCR and signaling pathways, and furthermore counter-regulate histamine stimulated increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>. Thus, MaR2 and MaR1 play a role in maintaining the ocular surface and tear film homeostasis in health and disease. As MaR2 and MaR1 modulate conjunctival goblet cell function, they each may have potential as novel, but differing, options for the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory diseases including allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye disease. We conclude that in conjunctival GC MaR2 and MaR1, both increase the [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and stimulate secretion to maintain homeostasis by using one set of different, but overlapping, signaling pathways to increase [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and another set to stimulate secretion. MaR2 also resolves ocular allergy.
Measuring vection: a review and critical evaluation of different methods for quantifying illusory self-motion (2023)

The sensation of self-motion in the absence of physical motion, known as vection, has been scientifically investigated for over a century. As objective measures of, or physiological correlates to, vection have yet to emerge, researchers have typically employed a variety of subjective methods to quantify the phenomenon of vection. These measures can be broadly categorized into the occurrence of vection (e.g., binary choice yes/no), temporal characteristics of vection (e.g., onset time/latency, duration), the quality of the vection experience (e.g., intensity rating scales, magnitude estimation), or indirect (e.g., distance travelled) measures. The present review provides an overview and critical evaluation of the most utilized vection measures to date and assesses their respective merit. Furthermore, recommendations for the selection of the most appropriate vection measures will be provided to assist with the process of vection research and to help improve the comparability of research findings across different vection studies.
[Syringomyelia and scoliosis in children and adolescents. Apropos of 14 cases]. (1987)

The authors report their experience of 14 cases of scoliosis in children or young adults in association with syringomyelia. The neurological lesion was discovered at a variable time during the development of the scoliosis which may appear to be idiopathic for several years. There were 11 cases of syringomyelia or hydromyelia and three intramedullary tumours with cyst formation. The neurological lesion must be treated first and sufficiently early to avoid the development of muscle weakness and scoliosis. The scoliosis can be treated by normal without risk of additional complications.
Modeling exchange rates: smooth transitions, neural networks, and linear models (2001)

The goal of this paper is to test and model nonlinearities in several monthly exchange rates time series. We apply two different nonlinear alternatives, namely: the artificial neural-network time series model estimated with Bayesian regularization; and a flexible smooth transition specification, called the neuro-coefficient smooth transition autoregression. The linearity test rejects the null hypothesis of linearity in 10 out of 14 series. We compare, using different measures, the forecasting performance of the nonlinear specifications with the linear autoregression and the random walk models.
Impulsive stimulated Raman transition on theBstate of iodine molecules via repulsive states (2009)

Impulsive Raman transition on the $B\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}({0}_{u}^{+})$ state of the iodine molecule is reported. Several rovibrational states in the $B$ state are populated with the second harmonics of a neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Nd:YLF) laser ($\ensuremath{\le}250\text{ }\text{ns}$, 527 nm). The population alteration with $\ensuremath{\Delta}v=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ are induced with a Ti:sapphire laser ($\ensuremath{\sim}30\text{ }\text{fs}$, 780 nm, ${10}^{12}--{10}^{14}\text{ }\text{W}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$) and detected by the $B\text{\ensuremath{-}}X$ dispersed fluorescence spectrum. The alteration is attributed to the Raman transition on the basis of the spectral profile, the pressure dependence, and the laser power dependence. The observed Raman transition is concluded to be a continuum resonance Raman transition mediated by upper repulsive states. Competing dissociation and ionization processes are also discussed by analyzing the laser power dependence.
Biomaterials for Orthopedic Surgery in Osteoporotic Bone: A Comparative Study in Osteopenic Rats (1997)

C) while the other 12 were ovariectomized (OVX). After 4 months all the animals were submitted to the implant of Ti or HA in the left femoral condyle (Ti-C, HA-C, Ti-OVX, HA-OVX). Two months later the animals were sacrificed for histomorphometric, ultrastructural and microanalytic studies. Our results show a significant difference between the Affinity Index (A.I.) of HA-C and Ti-C (77.0 +/- 7.4 vs 61.2 +/- 9.7) (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the osteointegration of Ti-C and Ti-OVX (61.2 +/- 9.7 vs 48.2 +/- 6.7). Significant differences also exist between the osteointegration of HA-C and HA-OVX (77.0 +/- 7.4 vs 57.6 +/- 11.5) (p < 0.01). Microanalysis shows some modifications in Sulphur (S) concentration at the bone/biomaterial interface of the Ti-OVX group. Therefore our results confirmed the importance of biomaterials characteristics and of bone quality in osteointegration processes.
Performance of Porous, Nanocolumnar ZnO Electrodes Obtained at Low Temperature by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

The photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells consisting of mesoporous ZnO nanocolumnar films prepared at low temperatures by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is studied. The results have been compared with those of randomly packed nanoparticulate electrodes prepared by doctor-blading a suspension of two mixed commercial nanopowders and subsequent high temperature annealing. The characterization of the devices consisted of dye loading and current–voltage curve measurements. The charge collection efficiency was probed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under illumination, intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). It has been found that the nanoparticulate electrodes produce larger photocurrents as a consequence of better dye loading. However, the combined EIS/IMPS/IMVS study provides self-consistent evidence that transport properties are similar for both kinds of electrodes, approaching a 100% collection efficiency in both cases. The possibility of using ZnO nanostructures obtained by low-temperature processing methods for low-cost DSC is discussed.
Differential biological activity of quercetin-3-sulfate in normal and cancerous human breast cells (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

1377 

It is known that the sulfate metabolites of estrogens and bioflavoniods have relatively long half-lives and could still exert biological functions following their metabolic desulfation. Recent studies by us and others have shown that cultured human cells appear to have the ability to re-uptake sulfated estrogens and bioflavonoids. In the present study, we used quercetin and quercetin-3-sulfate as model compounds to probe the roles of cellular transporter activity and metabolic desulfation in modulating the actions of drug sulfates in human mammary cells. Experimentally, since quercetin is a growth inhibitor whereas quercetin-3-sulfate is inactive (unless desulfated), we thus have chosen to measure cell growth as a reliable parameter for their biologic activity. Our data showed that quercetin inhibited growth of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values for quercetin in inhibiting the growth of HMECs and MDA-MB-231 cells were ∼20 and 50 uM, respectively. Quercetin also showed a higher efficacy in inhibiting the growth of HMECs than the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, quercetin-3-sulfate, when tested under the same experimental conditions, displayed exactly the opposite potency and efficacy in inhibiting the growth of these two human cell lines. As part of our continuing effort to search for the underlying mechanisms, we systematically analyzed the expression of genes encoding various organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by using the real time RT-PCR assay. Our data showed that a number of the transporters (such as OATP-B, D, and E) were expressed in HMECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, and their levels of expression did not appear to differ markedly. Although more studies are needed, the results of our present study, along with our other data on the sulfatase activity, suggest that cellular desulfation activity plays a more important role than the drug sulfate transporter activity in determining the biologic activities of various sulfated endobiotics, xenobiotics, as well as sulfated metabolites of anticancer drugs in human mammary cells. [Supported by Special Coordination Funds from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of the Japanese government.]
Generalized Maximum Likelihood for Cross-Polarization Modulation Effects Compensation (2015)

We investigate the mitigation of nonlinearities with advanced digital signal processing focusing in particular on cross-polarization effects. Based on a relaxation of an analytical model derived for cross-polarization effects, this paper proposes a novel compensation method called generalized maximum likelihood. It performs a joint blind channel estimation and symbol detection, and it additionally accounts for the statistical prior distributions of the cross-polarization crosstalk coefficients. This avoids an overestimation of these crosstalk coefficients. A practical method for both fast computations and optimal performance is then presented, which allows nonlinear compensation for high-order modulations. Next, we present Monte-Carlo simulations showing that the proposed algorithm performs close to the theoretical limits. Large performance improvement can be obtained and this is particularly emphasized with higher order modulation such as a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. Finally, using Nyquist pulse shaping and polarization-division multiplexed with a quadrature phase-shift keying modulation, the experiments are shown to be in accordance with the simulations and show up to 0.7 dB improvement in Q-factor for the worst-case samples.
Preventing acute kidney injury during transplantation: the application of novel oxygen carriers (2019)

Metabolic disturbances and imbalance of oxygen supply during preservation highlight the importance of providing oxygen. Normothermia, permitted by recent advances in machine perfusion technology, appears to be the leading edge of preservation technology. Several oxygen transporters are compatible with normothermia; however, only M101 also demonstrates compatibility with standard hypothermic preservation.
Langmuir–Blodgett films of a benzothiazolium dye containing a crown ether ring (1994)

Abstract The structure of Langmuir–Blodget (LB) films built up from a novel benzothiazolium steryl dye containing a 1, 10‐dithia‐18‐crown‐6 ether group has been investigated using ellipsometry and polarised absorption spectroscopy. The Y‐type deposition results in a uniaxial film with a thickness of 2.18 ± 0.08 nm per monolayer and an index of refraction of 1.57 ± 0.03. the chromophore parts of the moelcule exhibit an in‐Plane orientation. The influence of mercury vapouron the LB films has been investigated using the technique of surface plasmon resonance.
Low Threshold and High Characteristic Temperature 1.3 µm Range GaInNAs Lasers Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2000)

Highly strained 1.3 µm range GaInNAs/GaAs double quantum-well lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are demonstrated. A high characteristic temperature of 205 K (22–80°C) was obtained with a low threshold current density of 0.92 kA/cm 2 (22°C) in a broad stripe laser. The highest lasing operation temperature of 170°C, and continuous-wave operation with a low threshold current of 27 mA were also obtained in a 7.5-µm-wide ridge-stripe laser. The GaInNAs/GaAs material system is very promising for next-generation long-wavelength lasers.
Evidence Based Development of a Novel Lateral Fibula Plate (VariAx Fibula) Using a Real CT Bone Data Based Optimization Process During Device Development (2012)

Development of novel implants in orthopaedic trauma surgery is based on limited datasets of cadaver trials or artificial bone models. A method has been developed whereby implants can be constructed in an evidence based method founded on a large anatomic database consisting of more than 2.000 datasets of bones extracted from CT scans. The aim of this study was the development and clinical application of an anatomically pre-contoured plate for the treatment of distal fibular fractures based on the anatomical database.48 Caucasian and Asian bone models (left and right) from the database were used for the preliminary optimization process and validation of the fibula plate. The implant was constructed to fit bilaterally in a lateral position of the fibula. Then a biomechanical comparison of the designed implant to the current gold standard in the treatment of distal fibular fractures (locking 1/3 tubular plate) was conducted. Finally, a clinical surveillance study to evaluate the grade of implant fit achieved was performed. The results showed that with a virtual anatomic database it was possible to design a fibula plate with an optimized fit for a large proportion of the population. Biomechanical testing showed the novel fibula plate to be superior to 1/3 tubular plates in 4-point bending tests. The clinical application showed a very high degree of primary implant fit. Only in a small minority of cases further intra-operative implant bending was necessary. Therefore, the goal to develop an implant for the treatment of distal fibular fractures based on the evidence of a large anatomical database could be attained. Biomechanical testing showed good results regarding the stability and the clinical application confirmed the high grade of anatomical fit.
Protein Misfolding and Oxidative Stress Promote Glial-Mediated Neurodegeneration in an Alexander Disease Model (2011)

Although alterations in glial structure and function commonly accompany death of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases, the role glia play in modulating neuronal loss is poorly understood. We have created a model of Alexander disease in Drosophila by expressing disease-linked mutant versions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in fly glia. We find aggregation of mutant human GFAP into inclusions bearing the hallmarks of authentic Rosenthal fibers. We also observe significant toxicity of mutant human GFAP to glia, which is mediated by protein aggregation and oxidative stress. Both protein aggregation and oxidative stress contribute to activation of a robust autophagic response in glia. Toxicity of mutant GFAP to glial cells induces a non-cell-autonomous stress response and subsequent apoptosis in neurons, which is dependent on glial glutamate transport. Our findings thus establish a simple genetic model of Alexander disease and further identify cellular pathways critical for glial-induced neurodegeneration.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Long-Chain Fatty Acid Analogues Suppress Breast Tumorigenesis and Progression (2023)

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Treatment of Precocious Pseudopuberty Associated With Follicular Cysts of the Ovary (1984)

Two girls, aged 3 and 6 years, were treated for precocious pseudopuberty associated with a follicular ovarian cyst. Both patients had breast enlargement, areolar pigmentation, and elevated serum estradiol levels. In one girl, a normal displaced uterus was palpated; in the other, an ovarian cyst was identified by ultrasonography. Surgical treatment consisted of limited resection of the follicular cysts. Rapid regression of breast hypertrophy and return of estradiol levels to normal occurred in both children, who were followed for six and 1.5 years. We believe that a conservative operation that preserves normal ovarian tissue bilaterally is the procedure of choice for treating this condition.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of NiCo2O4–graphene oxide nanocomposites suitable as electrodes for supercapacitors (2013)

Microwave irradiation combined with mild heating was demonstrated as a suitable synthetic method for the preparation of NiCo2O4 nanowires and NiCo2O4–graphene oxide nanocomposites. In both cases, the synthesis was carried out in just a few minutes, at relatively low temperatures and with a certain economy of reagents. In the particular case of the nanocomposites, NiCo2O4 was deposited in form of not only nanowires, but also ultrafine nanoparticles on the surface of graphene oxide sheets due to the preferred activation of these sheets under microwave irradiation. The nanocomposites exhibited a superior performance to NiCo2O4 nanowires as electrodes in pseudocapacitors with capacitance retentions of nearly 735 F g−1 at current densities of up to 33 A g−1.
Conducting reactions in Leidenfrost-levitated droplets (2023)

The invention generally relates to conducting reactions in Leidenfrost-levitated droplets.
Synthesis, complexation, and X-ray structure of a new type of binucleating macrocycle incorporating both soft and hard ligating sites (1987)

A macrocyclic ligand with both a Schiff base moiety and a polyether cavity forms mono- and bi-nuclear complexes; X-ray analysis of the mononuclear Ba(ClO4)2 complex shows that Ba2+ is co-ordinated in the polyether cavity.
Reporting war: Grammar as 'covert operation' (2004)

While it is often said that 'truth is the first casualty of war', this aphorism covers only one feature of how wars are reported, namely the deliberate use of misinformation by parties to a war. But language is by its nature a higly plastic resource: there is never just one way to report a set of events, even when the 'facts' may be uncontested. Drawing on data from newspaper reports and media briefings of the recent war in Iraq, we illustarte some of the basic grammtical systems which underlie the choice a journalist has to make, particularly in reporting 'high impact' events of the war. Using a functional apporach to grammar—where grammar is seen not as rules but as a theory of reality— we introduce some basic grammatical concepts or undertsanding the idelogical impact if different gramatical choices in contruing the events of war.
Color Reproduciotn based on Memory Color and Its Application for Image Quality Improvement (2006)

This paper describes a color reproduction method to improve the white-balance of a color image when no information is provided on an illuminant color in a scene and the color characteristics of the color imaging device that took the scene. Based on the assumption that human beings use colors of specific objects that we have memory colors as a key to recognize colors in an image, the illuminant color and object colors in a scene are estimated from color information of specific objects in the image. In this study, a human face is used as one of the most important objects for which we have memory colors. Color correction of the image is carried out by transposing the estimated illuminant color to an illuminant color that improves the white-balance. The illuminant color for the white-balance is determined by introducing the concept that incomplete chromatic adaptation in human color vision produces the desired results. Subjective experiments highlight the validity of the proposed method.
Contrasting Effects of Vasodilators on Blood Pressure and Sodium Balance in the Hypertension of Autonomic Failure (1999)

Supine hypertension, which is very common in patients with autonomic failure, limits the use of pressor agents and induces nighttime natriuresis. In 13 patients with severe orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure (7 women, 6 men, 72 +/- 3 yr) and supine hypertension, the effect of 30 mg nifedipine (n = 10) and 0.025 to 0.2 mg/h nitroglycerin patch (n = 11) on supine BP, renal sodium handling, and orthostatic tolerance was determined. Medications were given at 8 p.m.; patients stood up at 8 a.m. Nitroglycerin was removed at 6 a.m. Compared with placebo, nifedipine and nitroglycerin decreased systolic BP during the night by a maximum of 37 +/- 9 and 36 +/- 10 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). At 8 a.m., supine systolic BP was 23 +/- 7 mmHg lower with nifedipine than with placebo (P < 0.05), but was similar with nitroglycerin and placebo. Sodium excretion during the night was not reduced with nitroglycerin (0.13 +/- 0.02 mmol/mg creatinine [Cr] versus 0.15 +/- 0.03 mmol/mg Cr with placebo), but it was increased with nifedipine (0.35 +/- 0.06 mmol/mg Cr versus 0.13 +/- 0.02 mmol/mg Cr with placebo, P < 0.05). Nifedipine but not nitroglycerin worsened orthostatic hypotension in the morning. It is concluded that nifedipine and transdermal nitroglycerin are effective in controlling supine hypertension in patients with autonomic failure. However, nifedipine has a prolonged depressor effect and worsens orthostatic hypotension in the morning. The decrease in pressure natriuresis that would be expected with the substantial decrease in BP obtained with nitroglycerin and nifedipine may be offset by a direct effect of both drugs on renal sodium handling.
Microwave Reflection by Magneto-Plasmas (1963)

The microwave powers reflected by magneto-plasmas are examined experimentally and compared with theoretical values at resonances calculated under an approximation, in a range where ω p 2 /ω 2 is close to unity and for small ω c /ω, where ω p is the plasma frequency, ω is the applied microwave frequency and ω c is the electron cyclotron frequency. It is demonstrated that the reflection method adopted here is useful for detecting the electron resonances which appear approximately at 1-ω p 2 /ω 2 =ω c 2 /ω 2 , in particular for small ω c /ω. Moreover the collision frequency ν can be estimated from the relative value of the reflected power at resonance. The incident microwave power is most efficiently absorbed at a relatively small value of ω c /ω, for instance, at ω c /ω≃0.3 for ν/ω≃0.1×(ω p 2 /ω 2 ).