gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstrations of CNG as a Fuel in Agricultural Tractors (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Three diesel tractors, converted to compressed natural gas (CNG), have been demonstrated on Saskatchewan farms. This paper presents the results of laboratory and field monitoring over a two year period. Dual-fuel conversion systems were installed on a John Deere 14440 tractor and on a White 2-180 tractor powered by a Caterpillar 3208 engine. A Deutz-Allis 7110 tractor came equipped to run on 100% CNG. The conversion system in the John Deere was mechanical with solid-state controls, the system in the White was microprocessor controlled, and the Deutz-Allis was equipped with spark ignition and a natural gas mixer. In addition, sufficient storage was installed on each tractor for field work over a 12-hour day. Performance results are presented for each tractor, including hours of operation, power output, thermal efficiency, percentage CNG substitution and fuel consumption. Problems encountered in the field are also discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Dietary lariciresinol attenuates mammary tumor growth and reduces blood vessel density in human MCF‐7 breast cancer xenografts and carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors in rats (2008)

Lariciresinol is a dietary lignan that accounts for a significant portion of the total phytoestrogen intake from Western foods. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that high dietary intake of lignans and lariciresinol is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, no causal relationship between lariciresinol intake and breast cancer development has been established. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of action of lariciresinol on hormone responsive mammary cancer in vivo in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary cancer in rats, and in human MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice. For tumor bearing rats, lariciresinol (3 or 15 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle was administered p.o. daily for 9 weeks. For E2-maintained ovariectomized athymic mice bearing orthotopic MCF-7 tumors, control diet (AIN-93G) or lariciresinol containing diet (AIN-93G supplemented with 20 or 100 mg of lariciresinol/kg of diet) was administered for 5 weeks. In both models, lariciresinol administration inhibited the tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In MCF-7 cells, enterolactone significantly inhibited the E2-stimulated VEGF secretion. Moreover, in MCF-7 xenografts, lariciresinol administration enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and increased estrogen receptor beta expression. Lariciresinol and its further metabolites secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol and enterolactone were found in serum of both rats and athymic mice confirming a similar lignan metabolism pattern as in humans. These findings indicate conceivable importance of dietary lignan lariciresinol in inhibition of breast cancer development.
Impact of neurosurgeon specialization on patient outcomes for intracranial and spinal surgery: a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 1998–2009 (2017)

OBJECTIVE The subspecialization of neurosurgical practice is an ongoing trend in modern neurosurgery. However, it remains unclear whether the degree of surgeon specialization is associated with improved patient outcomes. The authors hypothesized that a trend toward increased neurosurgeon specialization was associated with improved patient morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used (1998-2009). Patients were included in a spinal analysis cohort for instrumented spine surgery involving the cervical spine ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] codes 81.31-81.33, 81.01-81.03, 84.61-84.62, and 84.66) or lumbar spine (codes 81.04-81.08, 81.34-81.38, 84.64-84.65, and 84.68). A cranial analysis cohort consisted of patients receiving a parenchymal excision or lobectomy operation (codes 01.53 and 01.59). Surgeon specialization was measured using unique surgeon identifiers in the NIS and defined as the proportion of a surgeon's total practice dedicated to cranial or spinal cases. RESULTS A total of 46,029 and 231,875 patients were identified in the cranial and spinal analysis cohorts, respectively. On multivariate analysis in the cranial analysis cohort (after controlling for overall surgeon volume, patient demographic data/comorbidities, hospital characteristics, and admitting source), each percentage-point increase in a surgeon's cranial specialization (that is, the proportion of cranial cases) was associated with a 0.0060 reduction in the log odds of patient mortality (95% CI 0.0034-0.0086) and a 0.0042 reduction in the log odds of morbidity (95% CI 0.0032-0.0052). This resulted in a 15% difference in the predicted probability of mortality for neurosurgeons at the 75th versus the 25th percentile of cranial specialization. In the spinal analysis cohort, each percentage-point increase in a surgeon's spinal specialization was associated with a 0.0122 reduction in the log odds of mortality (95% CI 0.0074-0.0170) and a 0.0058 reduction in the log odds of morbidity (95% CI 0.0049-0.0067). This resulted in a 26.8% difference in the predicted probability of mortality for neurosurgeons at the 75th versus the 25th percentile of spinal specialization. CONCLUSIONS For both spinal and cranial surgery patient cohorts derived from the NIS database, increased surgeon specialization was significantly and independently associated with improved mortality and morbidity rates, even after controlling for overall case volume.
Ferritin acts as a target site for the snowdrop lectin (GNA) in the midgut of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (2008)

Abstract The snowdrop lectin GNA ( Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) has been shown to possess insecticidal activity to a range of economically important insect pests. However, the precise mechanism of insecticidal action of GNA against insects remains unknown. In this investigation, we attempted to purify and identify receptor(s) responsible for binding of GNA in the larval midgut of a major lepidopteran pest (the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis ) to better understand its mode of action. Therefore, cytoplasmic as well as membrane proteins from 800 larval midguts were chromatographed on a column with immobilized GNA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the proteins eluted from the GNA column followed by sequencing of the GNA‐binding proteins and BLAST analyses revealed that the N‐terminal sequences of a 24 kDa polypeptide purified from the cytoplasmic and membrane protein fraction revealed sequence similarity to sequences encoding heavy chain homologs of ferritin from Manduca sexta (76% sequence identity), Calpodes ethlius (80% sequence identity) and Bombyx mori (61% sequence identity). Furthermore, the N‐terminal sequence of a 31 kDa polypeptide from the membrane protein fraction showed sequence similarity to a light chain homolog of ferritin from Manduca sexta (88% sequence identity).
Recovery of Organic Acids Using Ion-Exchanger-Impregnated Resins (2002)

The recovery of organic acids from aqueous solutions using ion-exchanger-impregnated resins has been investigated. The key parameters for process design are equilibria, mass transfer kinetics and loss of the liquid ion exchanger (bleeding). The maximum bleeding was observed when the resin was used for the first time. The ion exchanger concentration in the aqueous phase decreases to a final concentration lower than 1mg/L after the first usage. The equilibria of citric and tartaric acid have been investigated for the different macroporous resins XAD4 and XAD16 impregnated with tri-n-octylamine (TOA). A modified Langmuir isotherm taking the loading of ion exchanger TOA on the resin into account is able to describe the equilibrium in both test systems in dependence of the temperature. Experiments in a stirred vessel have been carried out to characterize the intraparticular mass transfer. The results have been used to predict the effective pore diffusion coefficient using the tortuosity.
Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root (1996)

This paper derives the asymptotic power envelope for tests of a unit autoregressive root for various trend specifications and stationary Gaussian autoregressive disturbances. A family of tests is proposed, members of which are asymptotically similar under a general 1(1) null (allowing nonnormality and general dependence) and which achieve the Gaussian power envelope. One of these tests, which is asymptotically point optimal at a power of 50%, is found (numerically) to be approximately uniformly most powerful (UMP) in the case of a constant deterministic term, and approximately uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) in the case of a linear trend, although strictly no UMP or UMPI test exists. We also examine a modification, suggested by the expression for the power envelope, of the Dickey-Fuller (1979) t-statistic; this test is also found to be approximately UMP (constant deterministic term case) and UMPI (time trend case). The power improvement of both new tests is large: in the demeaned case, the Pitman efficiency of the proposed tests relative to the standard Dickey-Fuller t-test is 1.9 at a power of 50%. A Monte Carlo experiment indicates that both proposed tests, particularly the modified Dickey-Fuller t-test, exhibit good power and small size distortions in finite samples with dependent errors.
Mesoionic compounds. XXXII. Cycloaddition reactions of the anhydro-4-hydroxythiazolium hydroxide system with olefinic dipolarophiles (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMesoionic compounds. XXXII. Cycloaddition reactions of the anhydro-4-hydroxythiazolium hydroxide system with olefinic dipolarophilesK. T. Potts, J. Baum, and E. HoughtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 25, 3631–3641Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00939a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00939a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strategies for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (2011)

The treatment of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) has continued to evolve for the past 3 decades. With rapidly advancing technology, the results of old trials have become obsolete. While there has been little change in the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy, there have been vast improvements in both medical management and carotid angioplasty with stenting. Finding the best therapy for a given patient can therefore be difficult. In this article, the authors review the current literature regarding treatment options for ACAS and the methods available for stratifying patients who would benefit from surgical versus medical treatment.
Optimizing translation out of SSA using renaming constraints (2004)

Static Single Assignment form is an intermediate representation that uses /spl Phi/ instructions to merge values at each confluent point of the control flow graph. /spl Phi/ instructions are not machine instructions and must be renamed back to move instructions when translating out of SSA form. Without a coalescing algorithm, the out of SSA translation generates many move instructions. Leung and George [A. L. Leung et al., (1999)] use a SSA form for programs represented as native machine instructions, including the use of machine dedicated registers. For this purpose, they handle renaming constraints thanks to a pinning mechanism. Pinning /spl Phi/ arguments and their corresponding definition to a common resource is also a very attractive technique for coalescing variables. Extending this idea, we propose a method to reduce the /spl Phi/-related copies during the out of SSA translation, thanks to a pinning-based coalescing algorithm that is aware of renaming constraints. We implemented our algorithm in the STMicroelectronics Linear Assembly Optimizer [B. Dupont de Dinechin et al., (2000)]. Our experiments show interesting results when comparing to the existing approaches of Leung and George [A. L. Leung et al., (1999)], Sreedhar et al. [V. Sreedhar et al., (1999)], and Appel and George for register coalescing [L. George et al., (1996)].
Reproductive phasiRNA loci and DICER-LIKE5, but not microRNA loci, diversified in monocotyledonous plants (2021)

In monocots other than maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), the repertoire and diversity of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the populations of phased, secondary, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are poorly characterized. To remedy this, we sequenced small RNAs (sRNA) from vegetative and dissected inflorescence tissue in 28 phylogenetically diverse monocots and from several early-diverging angiosperm lineages, as well as publicly available data from 10 additional monocot species. We annotated miRNAs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and phasiRNAs across the monocot phylogeny, identifying miRNAs apparently lost or gained in the grasses relative to other monocot families, as well as a number of transfer RNA fragments misannotated as miRNAs. Using our miRNA database cleaned of these misannotations, we identified conservation at the 8th, 9th, 19th, and 3'-end positions that we hypothesize are signatures of selection for processing, targeting, or Argonaute sorting. We show that 21-nucleotide (nt) reproductive phasiRNAs are far more numerous in grass genomes than other monocots. Based on sequenced monocot genomes and transcriptomes, DICER-LIKE5, important to 24-nt phasiRNA biogenesis, likely originated via gene duplication before the diversification of the grasses. This curated database of phylogenetically diverse monocot miRNAs, siRNAs, and phasiRNAs represents a large collection of data that should facilitate continued exploration of sRNA diversification in flowering plants.
Reactions of Allyl Alcohols of the Pinane Series and of Their Epoxides in the Presence of Montmorillonite Clay (2007)

Abstract The reactivity of allyl alcohols of the pinane series and of their epoxides in the presence of montmorillonite clay in intra‐ and intermolecular reactions was studied. Mutual transformations of (+)‐ trans ‐pinocarveol ((+)‐ 2 ) and (−)‐myrtenol ((−)‐ 3a ) were major reactions of these compounds on askanite–bentonite clay ( Schemes 1 and 2 ). However, the two reactions gave different isomerization products, indicating that the reactivity of the starting alcohol (+)‐ 2 or (−)‐ 3a was different from that of the same compound (+)‐ 2 or (−)‐ 3 formed in the course of the reactions. (−)‐ cis ‐ and (+)‐ trans ‐Verbenol ((−)‐ 16 and (+)‐ 12 , resp.), as well as (−)‐ cis ‐verbenol epoxide ((−)‐ 20 ) reacted with both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes on askanite–bentonite clay giving various heterocyclic compounds ( Schemes 4, 5 and 7 ); the reaction path depended on the structure of both the terpenoid and the aldehyde.
N-Methyldihydroquinazolinone Derivatives of Retro-2 with Enhanced Efficacy against Shiga Toxin (2013)

The Retro-2 molecule protects cells against Shiga toxins by specifically blocking retrograde transport from early endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. A SAR study has been carried out to identify more potent compounds. Cyclization and modifications of Retro-2 led to a compound with roughly 100-fold improvement of the EC50 against Shiga toxin cytotoxicity measured in a cell protein synthesis assay. We also demonstrated that only one enantiomer of the dihydroquinazolinone reported herein is bioactive.
Diurnal cycling of rhizosphere bacterial communities is associated with shifts in carbon metabolism (2017)

The results of this study suggest that the rhizosphere bacterial community is regulated, to some extent, by the circadian clock and is likely influenced by, and exerts influences, on plant metabolism and productivity. The timing of bacterial cycling in relation to that of Arabidopsis further suggests that diurnal dynamics influence plant-microbe carbon metabolism and exchange. Equally important, our results suggest that previous studies done without relevance to time of day may need to be reevaluated with regard to the impact of diurnal cycles on the rhizosphere microbial community.
Altruistic Maneuver Planning for Cooperative Autonomous Vehicles Using\n Multi-agent Advantage Actor-Critic (2021)

With the adoption of autonomous vehicles on our roads, we will witness a\nmixed-autonomy environment where autonomous and human-driven vehicles must\nlearn to co-exist by sharing the same road infrastructure. To attain\nsocially-desirable behaviors, autonomous vehicles must be instructed to\nconsider the utility of other vehicles around them in their decision-making\nprocess. Particularly, we study the maneuver planning problem for autonomous\nvehicles and investigate how a decentralized reward structure can induce\naltruism in their behavior and incentivize them to account for the interest of\nother autonomous and human-driven vehicles. This is a challenging problem due\nto the ambiguity of a human driver's willingness to cooperate with an\nautonomous vehicle. Thus, in contrast with the existing works which rely on\nbehavior models of human drivers, we take an end-to-end approach and let the\nautonomous agents to implicitly learn the decision-making process of human\ndrivers only from experience. We introduce a multi-agent variant of the\nsynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) algorithm and train agents that\ncoordinate with each other and can affect the behavior of human drivers to\nimprove traffic flow and safety.\n
Computers' synchronization for large-scale loudspeaker array system (2007)

This paper proposes a method for synchronizing plural personal computers for developing a large-scale loudspeaker array system. Loudspeaker array system has to be controlled by a personal computer. The loudspeaker array system can generate high sound pressure areas. The loudspeaker array system is controlled with micro sec order. The loudspeaker array system is required to be enlarged for serving as a guide at a museum etc. To enlarge the system needs to increase a number of the computers. This paper proposes the method of synchronizing the plural computers by micro sec order.
Contributions — A: General Session (2000)

This chapter contains sections titled: Foods, Phytochemicals, and Metabolism: Anticarcinogens and Carcinogens Abstract Introduction Vegetables, fruit, and cancer Adult cancers Infant leukemia Implications Obesity and cancer Breast cancer Colon cancer Implications Summary Evidence from Migrant Studies for Dietary Effects on Cancer Incidence and Mortality Abstract Introduction Characteristics of migrant studies Examples from incidence and mortality rates of cancer at selected sites Colorectal cancer Stomach cancer Liver cancer Breast cancer Prostate cancer The effect of migration on diet Are dietary factors implicated? Genetic susceptibility Conclusion Caloric Intake as a Modulator of Carcinogenicity and Anti-carcinogenicity Abstract Introduction Relationship of body weight to cancer Homeostasis Physiological effects Drug metabolism Direct effects Age-related effects Circadian effects Intermediary metabolism Genetic effects Evolutionary perspective The Role of Nutritional Factors: Colon Cancer Abstract Introduction Fat and bile acids Calcium and bile acids Fibre and bile acids Phytic acid Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Conclusions Controversies Surrounding Diet and Breast Cancer Abstract Dietary fat, energy intakes and breast cancer Individual fatty acids and breast cancer EURAMIC study Monounsaturated fats and breast cancer Polyunsaturated fatty acids Trans-fatty acids and breast cancer Antioxidants and breast cancer Cruciferous vegetables and breast cancer Xeno-estrogens Phyto-estrogens Organochlorine pesticides Alcohol Summary and conclusion Molecular Epidemiology: Identification of Susceptible Subgroups Abstract Introduction Identification of susceptible subgroups Identification of etiologic agents in carcinogenesis Caveat emptor! Conclusion
Smart SDN Management of Fog Services (2020)

A Smart Service Manager is proposed to direct user requests (such as those coming from IoT devices) at the edge towards appropriate servers where the requested services can be satisfied. Services are housed at different Fog locations, and the system is subject to variations in workload. The approach is based on using a Software Defined Network (SDN) controller as the means to take decisions with measurement data based machine learning that uses Reinforcement Learning to make the best choices. The system we have developed is illustrated with experimental results on a test-bed with time-varying loads that confirm its ability to adapt to significant changes in system load and preserve the users’ Quality of Service.
Multiuser detection of synchronous CDMA signals by the Gibbs coupler (2002)

Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) is a multiplexing technique which has become a driving force behind the rapidly advancing communications industry. In order to recover transmitted signals at the receiver when CDMA is used, multiuser detection techniques are engaged. In the past, various techniques have been developed to approach the performance of the optimum multiuser detector, and we have the same objective. We propose a new multiuser detector which is developed under the Bayesian framework and implemented by a novel efficient perfect sampling algorithm called the Gibbs coupler. The simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed detector.