gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative expression of TNF-alpha alleles from normal and autoimmune-prone MHC haplotypes. (1995)

The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, or TNF) genes of NOD mice and NZW mice are reportedly underexpressed relative to the TNF genes of control mice in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritoneal macrophages. These findings, as well as the well-known major histocompatibility complex (MHC) linkage of the TNF genes, have prompted speculation that mutations affecting expression of the TNF-alpha loci might represent a primary cause of autoimmune diseases. Differences in expression of the TNF genes in different strains of mice might result either from effects of cis-acting mutations or from differences in the cellular environment that operate in trans. To discriminate between these possibilities, we directly examined the relative contribution made by each of two different TNF alleles (one associated with an autoimmune-prone haplotype and the other not) to the pool of TNF mRNA within the cells of F1 hybrid mice. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify a polymorphic fragment derived from the total pool of TNF mRNA present in LPS-induced peritoneal macrophages of hybrid animals produced by crossing BALB/c to non-obese diabetic (NOD), and New Zealand black (NZB) to New Zealand white (NZW). In both types of F1 hybrid, the two alleles were represented in nearly equal quantities at the mRNA level. It may be inferred that at all pretranslational levels, the NZW and NOD TNF alleles are functionally equivalent to the control alleles that were examined. Interstrain differences in responsiveness to LPS are therefore responsible for interstrain differences in TNF gene expression.
Abstract 525: Reduced Ability of Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Inhibit Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Compared to Aortic Endothelial Cells Under Flow (2012)

Early endothelial restoration at sites of vascular intervention is one of the recognized important potential treatment strategies that can be exploited to limit arterial restenosis associated with intimal smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. In recent years, much attention has been focused on the potential of circulating bone marrow derived cells named endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) to differentiate into mature endothelial cells upon attachment at injured vascular sites and, thereby, potentially limit intimal hyperplasia. Our objective was to compare the influence of isolated porcine blood EPC and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) on the proliferation and migration of underlying aortic smooth muscle (SMC) cells using a novel arterial wall model system exposed to arterial flow patterns. An in vitro arterial wall model co-culture system was constructed as the bottom plate within a parallel plate flow chamber. A 2mm thick collagen gel containing porcine SMC was overlayed by a porous (5μm) polyester mesh. After 2 days, either porcine aortic EC or CD34+ EPC or no cells (control) were seeded on the surface and allowed to attain confluence. These constructs were then placed into a flow chamber and exposed to arterial flow (12 dynes/cm 2 ) for 48h using circulating culture medium. After the flow regimen, SMC that had migrated through the mesh were immunologically identified and counted. The mesh was removed and the percent proliferating cells in the underlying gel were identified by PCNA staining.EC coverage resulted in an almost 7-fold inhibition of SMC migration compared to control (127±33 vs 840±193 SMC/cm 2 ) and more than 4- fold more than observed with EPC coverage (553±7 SMC/cm 2 ). Similarly, EC coverage resulted in reducing SMC proliferation to 3.2% compared to 8.5% in EPC covered SMC and 14% PCNA positive SMC in the control underlying SMC. These result indicate that blood-derived CD34+ EPC are less effective in limiting adjacent SMC proliferation and migration than native arterial endothelial cells. This may have important implications for strategies designed to employ or attract these cells as a means to limit restenosis at stented interventional sites.
Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Chronic Pain (2022)

Pain is an unpleasant but essential-to-life sensation, usually resulting from tissue damage. When pain persists long after the injury has resolved, it becomes pathological. The precise molecular and cellular mechanisms causing the transition from acute to chronic pain are not fully understood. A key aspect of pain chronicity is that several plasticity events happen along the neural pathways involved in pain. These long-lasting adaptive changes are enabled by alteration in the expression of relevant genes. Among the different modulators of gene transcription in adaptive processes in the nervous system, epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role. In this review, I will first outline the main classes of epigenetic mediators and then discuss their implications in chronic pain.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalytic Epoxidation of Propene with Hydrogen Peroxide over Titanium Silicalite (TS-1) (2010)

The kinetics of the heterogeneous catalytic epoxidation of propene to propene oxide with hydrogen peroxide and titanium silicalite (TS-1) as the catalyst was studied under mild conditions in an autoclave reactor using methanol/water mixtures as the solvent. The effects of reactant concentration, solvent composition, catalyst loading, stirring speed, and reaction temperature on the propene oxidation were investigated. The initial rates increased almost linearly with catalyst loading. The apparent orders of reaction with respect to hydrogen peroxide and propene were found to be 0.67 (0.17−0.70 wt %) and 0.63 (0.3−0.8 bar), respectively. The apparent activation energy was found to be 25.8 kJ mol−1. Methanol content in the solvent was shown to have a dual influence on the reaction rate, enhancing the solubility of propene and inhibiting the epoxidation reaction by competitive adsorption.
Monochromatic design for the Apiary B-factory (1990)

There are several ways to design e+e− circular colliders to maximize luminosity. Here we present a design that achieves two principal goals: high luminosity and very small center‐of‐mass energy spread. The design possesses several attractive features, especially for an asymmetric B‐factory.
Semantic Description of Multimedia Documents: the MPEG-7 Approach (2001)

This article addresses a possible approach on how to index a multimedia document in a semantic manner. At present, both automatic and semi-automatic tools allow to index a document using low level features, obtaining structural information like shot segmentation, speaker separation and so on. In spite of its utility, this information is too elementary to perform some tasks like querying, retrieval or authoring of other descriptions. Instead enabling powerful description schemes that allow to describe things like semantic time and place, concepts, relations among them and others, ensures an effective description of the semantic content of documents. In particular we analyze a description scheme, the Semantic DS, developed within the MPEG-7 standardization process, and we give an explanation of its components and examples for their usage.
Magnetic reversal in nanoscopic ferromagnetic rings (2006)

We present a theory of magnetization reversal due to thermal fluctuations in thin submicron-scale rings composed of soft magnetic materials. The magnetization in such geometries is more stable against reversal than that in thin needles and other geometries, where sharp ends or edges can initiate nucleation of a reversed state. The two-dimensional ring geometry also allows us to evaluate the effects of nonlocal magnetostatic forces. We find a ``phase transition,'' which should be experimentally observable, between an Arrhenius and a non-Arrhenius activation regime as magnetic field is varied in a ring of fixed size.
A new approach to enhancing the efficiency and specificity of interaction in duplexes by the use of tandem structure (1996)

Abstract
Long- to short-junction crossover and field-reentrant critical current in Al/Ag-nanowires/Al Josephson junctions (2020)

We have probed the superconducting proximity effect through long high-quality monocrystalline Ag nanowires, by realizing Josephson junctions of different lengths, with different superconducting materials. Thanks to the high number of junctions probed, both the contact resistance and electron diffusion constant could be determined, enabling a comparison of the measured switching current to theoretical prediction, over the entire regime from short to long diffusive junctions. Although the length dependence of the switching current is as expected, the amplitude of the ${R}_{N}{I}_{c}$ product is smaller than predicted by theory. We also address the magnetic field dependence of the switching current. The quasi-Gaussian decay of the switching current with field expected in a long narrow junction is observed for all superconducting contacts we used except for aluminum. We present the striking nonmonotonous effect of field on the switching current of junctions with aluminum contacts when probed in a four-wire configuration and analyze it in terms of improved quasiparticle thermalization by a magnetic field.
Analysis of a high step-up ratio flyback converter with active clamp and voltage multiplier (2010)

In this paper, an isolated high step-up ratio dc-dc converter aimed to be used in interface systems between low voltage renewable energy sources, like photovoltaic panels and fuel-cells, and the utility grid is presented. The converter is based on the active clamp flyback topology with a voltage multiplier at the transformer secondary side. Such configuration, while naturally clamping the rectifier diode voltages thus avoiding the use of dissipative snubber circuits, allows to reduce the circulating current during the active clamp operation, thanks to the resonance involving the transformer leakage inductances and the diode parasitic capacitances. Experimental results taken from a 300W rated prototype are reported, showing a good agreement with the theoretical expectations.
A Novel Process For Recovery Of Te And Se From Copper Slimes Autoclave Leach Solution (2003)

In pressure oxidation leaching of copper anode slimes, more than 65% of the tellurium is co-extracted during decopperizing.About 10 -15% of the selenium is also dissolved simultaneously by severe leach conditions.Current operation for the treatment of the leachate is to constantly recirculate the leach solution through a bed of copper turnings.The tellurium and selenium are precipitated from the leach liquor as copper telluride and copper selenide and separated from the solution by filtration.In order to improve the reaction efficiency and reduce the process cost, viz.minimize the copper addition, cut retention time, and reduce the energy consumption; a chemical reducing agent is studied and the cementation process tested in the laboratory.In this paper, the test results are presented and the process chemistry is discussed.
Intensityg(2)correlations in random fiber lasers: A random-matrix-theory approach (2022)

We propose an approach based on random matrix theory to calculate the temporal second-order intensity correlation function ${g}^{(2)}(t)$ of the radiation emitted by random lasers and random fiber lasers. The multimode character of these systems, with a relevant degree of disorder in the active medium, and a large number of random scattering centers substantially hinder the calculation of ${g}^{(2)}(t)$. Here, we apply in a photonic system the universal statistical properties of Ginibre's non-Hermitian random matrix ensemble to obtain ${g}^{(2)}(t)$. Excellent agreement is found with time-resolved measurements for several excitation powers of an erbium-based random fiber laser. We also discuss the extension of the random matrix approach to address the statistical properties of general disordered photonic systems with various Hamiltonian symmetries.
Generalizability of EMG decoding using local field potentials (2014)

Motor cortical local field potentials (LFPs) have been successfully used to decode both kinematics and kinetics of arm movement. For future clinically viable prostheses, however, brain activity decoders will have to generalize well under a wide spectrum of behavioral conditions. This property has not yet been demonstrated clearly. Here, we provide evidence for the first time, that an LFP-based electromyogram (EMG) decoder can generalize reasonably well across two different types of behavior. We implanted intracortical microelectrode arrays in the primary motor (M1) and ventral pre-motor (PMv) cortices of a rhesus macaque, and recorded LFP and EMG activity from arm and hand muscles of the contralateral forelimb during a two-dimensional (2-D) centre-out isometric wrist torque task (TT), and during free reach and grasp behavior (FB). Selected temporal and spectral features of the LFP signals were used to train EMG decoders using data from both types of behavior separately. We assessed the decoding performance for both within- and across-task cases. The average achieved generalization score was 65 ± 20%, while in many cases individual scores reached 100%.
Achieving human and machine accessibility of cited data in scholarly publications (2015)

Reproducibility and reusability of research results is an important concern in scientific communication and science policy. A foundational element of reproducibility and reusability is the open and persistently available presentation of research data. However, many common approaches for primary data publication in use today do not achieve sufficient long-term robustness, openness, accessibility or uniformity. Nor do they permit comprehensive exploitation by modern Web technologies. This has led to several authoritative studies recommending uniform direct citation of data archived in persistent repositories. Data are to be considered as first-class scholarly objects, and treated similarly in many ways to cited and archived scientific and scholarly literature. Here we briefly review the most current and widely agreed set of principle-based recommendations for scholarly data citation, the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (JDDCP). We then present a framework for operationalizing the JDDCP; and a set of initial recommendations on identifier schemes, identifier resolution behavior, required metadata elements, and best practices for realizing programmatic machine actionability of cited data. The main target audience for the common implementation guidelines in this article consists of publishers, scholarly organizations, and persistent data repositories, including technical staff members in these organizations. But ordinary researchers can also benefit from these recommendations. The guidance provided here is intended to help achieve widespread, uniform human and machine accessibility of deposited data, in support of significantly improved verification, validation, reproducibility and re-use of scholarly/scientific data.
Reconstructing the 3-D medial axes of coronary arteries in single-view cineangiograms (1994)

Describes a technique for reconstructing the skeletal structure of coronary arteries from a succession of frames of a single-view cineangiogram. The authors use local features in each frame to determine correspondences of arterial segments in successive frames. They define a similarity measure in 2D image space as the change in angular coordinates of corresponding pairs. They use a form of gradient descent to find those depth coordinates that minimize the average deviation of the 3D angular coordinates of all points on the skeleton from the coordinates produced by a 3D scaling transformation. In experiments with software models the reconstruction error was approximately two pixels when the initial guessed reconstruction was as large as 30 pixels.
AIR BAG TECHNOLOGY IN LIGHT PASSENGER VEHICLES (1999)

In December 1997, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sent an information request to nine automobile manufacturers requesting detailed technical information on the current industry practice on air bag technologies, and how air bag design and performance characteristics had evolved through the 1990s. The manufacturers provided the agency with the requested data, much of which was proprietary and confidential. The data included information on MY 1990 through MY 1998 vehicles. This report uses those data, as well as other available information, to illustrate the general trends in air bag design and performance characteristics. It also uses data from static and dynamic tests of various air bags and an assessment of air bag performance in terms of injury measures made on dummies representing occupants under low speed and high speed conditions. It also discusses the results of investigations of real world crashes by NHTSA's Special Crash Investigations office. The report is only intended to provide an overview of the trends in air bag characteristics and design changes. The limited analyses presented in this report are not intended to be a comprehensive report on the projected safety performance of the past, present, or future vehicle fleet.
Implementation of an infection prevention bundle and increased physician awareness improves surgical outcomes and reduces costs associated with spine surgery (2018)

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of infection prevention protocols in reducing infection rates. This study investigated the effects of the development and implementation of an infection prevention protocol that was augmented by increased physician awareness of spinal fusion surgical site infection (SSI) rates and resultant cost savings. METHODS A cohort clinical investigation over a 10-year period was performed at a single tertiary spine care academic institution. Preoperative infection control measures (chlorohexidine gluconate bathing, Staphylococcus aureus nasal screening and decolonization) followed by postoperative infection control measures (surgical dressing care) were implemented. After the implementation of these infection control measures, an awareness intervention was instituted in which all attending and resident neurosurgeons were informed of their individual, independently adjudicated spinal fusion surgery infection rates and rankings among their peers. During the course of these interventions, the overall infection rate was tracked as well as the rates for those neurosurgeons who complied with the preoperative and postoperative infection control measures (protocol group) and those who did not (control group). RESULTS With the implementation of postoperative surgical dressing infection control measures and physician awareness, the postoperative spine surgery infection rate decreased by 45% from 3.8% to 2.1% (risk ratio 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.93; p = 0.03) for those in the protocol cohort, resulting in an estimated annual cost savings of $291,000. This reduction in infection rate was not observed for neurosurgeons in the control group, although the overall infection rate among all neurosurgeons decreased by 54% from 3.3% to 1.5% (risk ratio 0.46; 95% CI 0.28-0.73; p = 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS A novel paradigm for spine surgery infection control combined with physician awareness methods resulted in significantly decreased SSI rates and an associated cost reduction. Thus, information sharing and physician engagement as a supplement to formal infection control measures result in improvements in surgical outcomes and costs.
Effect of Interaction between Ce0.7Zr0.3O2and Al2O3on Structural Characteristics, Thermal Stability, and Oxygen Storage Capacity (2008)

Differences in surface and structural properties, thermal stability and oxygen storage capability (OSC) were investigated from different interactions between Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 and Al2O3 in mixed ceria−zirconia−alumina oxides. Physical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and pore volume measurement, electron spin resonance (EPR), and mass spectrometry with CO−O2 transient pulses/CO pulses were used for sample characterization. With incorporation of Al3+ into the lattices of Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 at different degrees, which indicates the essential interaction between Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 and Al2O3, we found that mixed oxides have various structural properties. The sample of which most Al3+ incorporated into Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 lattices has intimate interaction, the smallest crystallites, and the highest surface area confirmed through BET and XRD measurements. Meanwhile, EPR detected increasing Ce3+ and OSC is obviously enhanced by the intimate interaction between ceria−zircona and alumina. The results show that the intimate interaction between ceria−zirconia and alumina could modify the structural properties, improve thermal stability, and enhance OSC.
Evaluation of Candidate Linear Variable Displacement Transducers for High Temperature Irradiations in the Advanced Test Reactor (2009)

There is no abstract.
Solid-State Synthesis of Calcium Carbide by Using 2.45 GHz Microwave Reactor (2015)

A simple solid-state method has been described for the synthesis of CaC2 from CaO and graphite powders by using a 2.45 GHz microwave reactor. The reaction mechanism of CaC2 formation in the microwave environment is explained and compared with that of the conventional method. The whole microwave process completed within 180 min because of efficient coupling of microwaves with graphite powder. X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis results revealed 71.8% CaC2 formation at 1700 °C for 30 min of microwave exposure, whereas conventional heat treatment at 1700 °C for 30 min showed 14.1% CaC2 and 1750 °C for 60 min showed 62.8% CaC2. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy quantitative chemical state analysis based on C 1s spectra indicated 54.02% CaC2 in microwave heat-treated samples and 30.75% CaC2 in conventional heat-treated samples. The preliminary experimental results suggest that synthesis of CaC2 by microwave reactor is fast because of rapid volumetric heating.
Tracing the Evolution of Angucyclinone Monooxygenases: Structural Determinants for C-12b Hydroxylation and Substrate Inhibition in PgaE (2013)

Two functionally distinct homologous flavoprotein hydroxylases, PgaE and JadH, have been identified as branching points in the biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotics gaudimycin C and jadomycin A, respectively. These evolutionarily related enzymes are both bifunctional and able to catalyze the same initial reaction, C-12 hydroxylation of the common angucyclinone intermediate prejadomycin. The enzymes diverge in their secondary activities, which include hydroxylation at C-12b by PgaE and dehydration at C-4a/C-12b by JadH. A further difference is that the C-12 hydroxylation is subject to substrate inhibition only in PgaE. Here we have identified regions associated with the C-12b hydroxylation in PgaE by extensive chimeragenesis, focusing on regions surrounding the active site. The results highlight the importance of a hairpin-β motif near the dimer interface, with two nonconserved residues, P78 and I79 (corresponding to Q89 and F90, respectively, in JadH), and invariant residue H73 playing key roles. Kinetic characterization of PgaE variants demonstrates that the secondary C-12b hydroxylation and substrate inhibition by prejadomycin are likely to be interlinked. The crystal structure of the PgaE P78Q/I79F variant at 2.4 Å resolution confirms that the changes do not alter the conformation of the β-strand secondary structure and that the side chains of these residues in effect point away from the active site toward the dimer interface. The results support a catalytic model for PgaE containing two binding modes for C-12 and C-12b hydroxylations, where binding of prejadomycin in the orientation for C-12b hydroxylation leads to substrate inhibition. The presence of an allosteric network is evident based on enzyme kinetics.