gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization‐based Recyclable Magnetic Acylation Reagents (2013)

An operationally simple method for the acylation of amines utilizing carbon-coated metal nanoparticles as recyclable supports is reported. Highly magnetic carbon-coated cobalt (Co/C) and iron (Fe/C) nanobeads were functionalized with a norbornene tag (Nb-tag) through a "click" reaction followed by surface activation employing Grubbs-II catalyst and subsequent grafting of acylated N-hydroxysuccinimide ROMPgels (ROMP=ring-opening metathesis polymerization). The high loading (up to 2.6 mmolg(-1) ) hybrid material was applied in the acylation of various primary and secondary amines. The products were isolated in high yields (86-99%) and excellent purities (all >95 % by NMR spectroscopy) after rapid magnetic decantation and simple evaporation of the solvents. The spent resins were successfully re-acylated by acid chlorides, anhydrides, and carboxylic acids and reused for up to five consecutive cycles without considerable loss of activity.
Data processing and algorithm development for the WFIRST coronagraph: comparison of RDI and ADI strategies and impact of spatial sampling on post-processing (2016)

Direct detection and characterization of mature giant or sub-Neptune exoplanets in the visible will require space- based instruments optimized for high-contrast imaging with contrasts of 10<sup>-9</sup>. In this context, the coronagraph instrument (CGI) on the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will reach raw contrasts of about 10<sup>-8</sup> or better using state-of-the-art starlight suppression and wavefront control techniques. A ten-fold contrast improvement is therefore required using post-processing techniques in order to detect 10<sup>-9</sup> planets from speckles. Post-processing techniques that are successful on both ground-based and space-based instruments need to be validated at such high contrast levels. In this communication, we investigate speckle subtraction techniques for different observation strategies and hardware parameters on WFIRST-like simulated images in the presence of deformable mirrors and an hybrid lyot coronagraph (HLC). We compare the contrast gain after post-processing in both speckle-noise and photon-noise dominated regimes for two different observing scenarios: the reference star differential imaging (RDI) and the angular differential imaging (ADI). We find that the ADI observing strategy is more robust to speckle and photon noises than the RDI observing strategy, enabling up to a threefold gain with respect to the latter. Thus, we recommend that the telescope be able to roll by at least 13&deg; off nominal. We investigated the impact of spatial sampling on post-processed sensitivity, in the context of design trade studies for the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) component of the instrument. Our preliminary results suggest that the spatial sampling can be halved from the baseline sampling rate (~4 lenslets per &lambda;/<i>D</i>) without any degradation in final contrast, thereby reducing the integration time required for spectroscopic characterization. In the speckle-noise dominated regime, we also find that at Nyquist sampling or higher, sub-pixel reference- to-target offsets have a negligible impact on the level of residual speckles after post-processing.
Tuneable access to indole, indolone, and cinnoline derivatives from a common 1,4-diketone Michael acceptor (2020)

A convergent strategy is reported for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles from common substrates: 1,4-diketones and primary amines. Indeed, by just varying the substrates, the substituents, or the heating mode, it is possible to selectively synthesize indole, indolone (1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one), or cinnoline (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocinnoline) derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
High-performance liquid chromatography (advances in packing materials) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-performance liquid chromatography (advances in packing materials)David J. AndersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 12, 475–486Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00108a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00108a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Wearable mechanical ventricular support]. (1996)

Progressive technological developments have permitted clinical use of the wearable Baxter-Novacor left ventricular assist system. The system allows total bypass of the left ventricular function, and recovery of an adequate circulation in patients about in cardiogenic shock. Since the first clinical use, in March 1993, six patients about to die have been supported with a cardiac transplantation. This experience suggests that an acceptable answer to the problem of organ shortage is non available.
Mobile Ecological Momentary Diet Assessment Methods for Behavioral Research: Systematic Review (2018)

This review demonstrates that mEMDA has the potential to reduce participant burden and recall bias, thus advancing the field beyond current dietary assessment methods while maximizing ecological validity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Allylic Silanes from Allylic Ethers. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract C98: Evaluation of the PAXgene tissue system: Preservation of morphology and gene expression in human melanoma. (2011)

Abstract Introduction: PreAnalytiX has recently developed the PAXgene® Tissue System, a formalin-free tissue fixation method for simultaneous preservation of tissue morphology and biomolecules. In this study, PAXgene Tissue was used to stabilize human melanoma specimens. Mirrored samples of melanoma were fixed with either neutral buffered formalin or PAXgene Tissue, or snap frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) and were compared for preservation of morphology, antigenicity, RNA and noncoding small RNAs. Materials and Methods: Three cases of melanoma were equally divided into two parts: one part was fixed with PAXgene Tissue reagents, the second part of cases 1 and 2 were fixed with formalin and the second part of case 3 was snap-frozen in LN2. Formalin and PAXgene Tissue fixed samples were processed and embedded in paraffin (resulting in FFPE and PFPE tissue respectively). Tissue sections were stained with H&amp;E or immunohistochemically for Ki-67 and S100. RNA or total RNA including miRNA was purified from all samples and analyzed for purity, integrity and performance in RT-qPCR assays on a TaqMan® PCR Array for expression analysis of 32 different human endogenous control genes and in 26 different single assays specific for non-coding, small RNAs. Summary of results: H&amp;E morphology was well preserved in sections of FFPE and PFPE. After optimization of the heat induced epitope retrieval step for PFPE samples, antigen localization, staining intensities, and number of stained cells were equivalent in FFPE and PFPE tissue for Ki67 and S100. RNA purity was generally high with A260/A280 values &amp;gt;1.9 for all samples. RNA integrity as measured on Agilent Bioanalyzer ranged from 7.7 to 9.5 for LN2 samples, between 3.7 to 6.7 for PFPE and 2.1 to 2.8 for FFPE samples. Correlation of gene expression results in qRT-PCR was high between RNA from PFPE and LN2 (R2 = 0.99). Correlation between mRNA from PFPE and FFPE tissue was much lower (R2 =0.86). In contrast, when all the results from 26 different single non-coding, small RNA specific qRT-PCR assays were compared, there was a high correlation between miRNAs from PFPE with LN2 (R2 = 0.99) as with PFPE and FFPE (R2 = 0.99). Conclusion: The PAXgene Tissue System preserves morphology, antigenicity, RNA and miRNA profiles in human melanoma specimens enabling morphological and multimodal biomarker testing with one sample. Disclaimer: For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. No claim or representation is intended to provide information for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C98.
Electron spin resonance studies on the interaction between liposomal membrane and Triton X-100. (1980)

The interaction between Triton X-100 and phosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied by the spin labeling technique and turbidity measurement. The order parameter (S) of spin labeled stearic acid and the turbidity both decreased upon addition of Triton X-100. The effect of Triton X-100 depended on the species of phosphatidylcholine. In egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes, the effect of Triton X-100 was biphasic. In the range of low Triton/phospholipid molar ratios (below 0.4) there was a gradual decrease in the S value without any appreciable decrease in the turbidity. This suggests that Triton X-100 fluidizes the membrane without forming small fragments. Above a molar ratio of 0.4 there was a drastic decline in the turbidity, indicating that the membrane was solubilized. In dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes, biphasic behavior was not observed. The S value and the turbidity decreased noticeably upon addition of a little Triton X-100. The sensitivity of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes to Triton X-100 was much greater than that of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Phase separation between phosphatidylcholine-rich regions and Triton-rich regions may occur in view of the S values reached upon the addition of Triton X-100 to both phosphatidylcholine liposomes. This was also indicated by the spectral change of spin labeled phosphatidylcholine liposomes caused by Triton X-100.
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Chitosan as a Sustainable Component for Proton Conductivity Management in PEMs (2017)

Abstract One of the most fundamental assets of natural polysaccharides is their water storage capacity. Analogically, materials able to regulate water hydration in energetic systems (e.x.: fuel‐cells) are of paramount interest. In light of this key characteristic, chitosan, an aminocarbohydrate derived from shellfish waste, was structurally conjugated using sulfosuccinic acid to afford CS‐SO 3 H. The resulting polymeric material appears well suitable for enhancing proton conduction and tuning the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic balance of the proton exchange membranes (PEM). Consequently, Nafion membrane modified with CS‐SO 3 H presented σ H + values almost 2 times higher than that of pristine Nafion at every % RH level exposed (30 °C ‐ 80 °C and 30% ‐ 90%). The σ H + enhancement is in agreement with the lower activation energy indicating that the proton transport is facilitated in the presence of ‐SO 3 H modified chitosan. We have found indications that –SO 3 H modified chitosan polymer, as a sustainable additive to Nafion is able to control the proton conduction mechanism and keep the activation energy for proton conduction at lower values as compared to pristine Nafion.
Boosting the performance of computing systems through adaptive configuration tuning (2009)

Good system performance depends on the correct setting of its configuration parameters. It is observed that such optimal configuration relies on the incoming workload of the system. In this paper, we utilize the Markov decision process (MDP) theory and present a reinforcement learning strategy to discover the complex relationship between the system workload and the corresponding optimal configuration. Considering the limitations of current reinforcement learning algorithms used in system management, we present a different learning architecture to facilitate the configuration tuning task which includes two units: the actor and critic. While the actor realizes a stochastic policy that maps the system state to the corresponding configuration setting, the critic uses a value function to provide the reinforcement feedback to the actor. Both the actor and critic are implemented by multiple layer neural networks, and the error back-propagation algorithm is used to adjust the network weights based on the temporal difference error produced in the learning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning process can identify the correct configuration tuning rule which in turn improves the system performance significantly.
Three-dimensional, time-dependent analysis of high- and low-Q\n free-electron laser oscillators (2021)

Free-electron lasers (FELs) have been designed to operate over virtually the\nentire electromagnetic spectrum from microwaves through x-rays and in a variety\nof configurations including amplifiers and oscillators. Oscillators can operate\nin both the low and high gain regime and are typically used to improve the\nspatial and temporal coherence of the light generated. We will discuss various\nFEL oscillators ranging from systems with high-quality resonators combined with\nlow-gain undulators to systems with a low-quality resonator combined with a\nhigh-gain undulator line. The FEL gain code MINERVA and wavefront propagation\ncode OPC are used to model the FEL interaction within the undulator and the\npropagation in the remainder of the oscillator, respectively. We will not only\ninclude experimental data for the various systems for comparison when\navailable, but also present for selected cases how the two codes can be used to\nstudy the effect of mirror aberrations and thermal mirror deformation on FEL\nperformance.\n
Density-dependent excitation rate for the2p2P3dielectronic satellite line in a laser-produced carbon plasma (1981)

The relative intensities of the $2l2{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ dielectronic satellite transitions of C v have been measured as functions of electron density and temperature in a laser-produced plasma. The relative intensity of the $2{p}^{2}^{3}P\ensuremath{-}1s2p^{3}P$ transition is observed to vary with electron density in the range 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ to 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. In this density range, the satellite line intensities are consistent with electron collisional population of the $2{p}^{2}^{3}P$ level from the $2s2p^{3}P$ level, both doubly excited. The measured rate coefficient for this collisional transition, inferred from the density dependence of the $2{p}^{2}^{3}P$ spectral radiation, agrees with recently calculated values. In contrast to previous higher-$Z$ experiments, electron collisional population of the $2{p}^{2}^{3}P$ level from the singly excited $1s2p^{3}P$ level is found to be unimportant in this experiment.
Syntheses of Octaalkynylphthalocyanines from Halophthalonitriles (1999)

Coupling of 4,5-diiodophthalonitrile with tert-butyldimethylsilylacetylene and a palladium catalyst gave 4,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilylethynyl)phthalonitrile. Cleavage of the silyl moiety with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave 4,5-diethynylphthalonitrile, while condensation in 2-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol without or with Zn ( OAc ) 2 gave metal-free 2,3,8,9,16,17,23,24-octakis(tert-butyldimethylsilylethynyl)phthalocyanine or its zinc derivative. Cleavage of the silyl groups of the zinc derivative gave an insoluble product whose 1 H NMR spectrum was indicative of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octaethynylphthalocyaninato zinc(II). Bromination of phthalonitrile with N,N-dibromoisocyanuric acid gave a separable mixture of 3,6-, 3,4- and 4,5-dibromophthalonitrile along with the monobromophthalonitriles. Coupling of 3,4-dibromophalonitrile with tert-butylacetylene gave 3,4-bis(tert-butylethynyl)phthalonitrile, which on condensation with lithium 1-pentanolate gave 1,2,8,9,15,16,22,23-octakis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl)phthalocyanine as a single isomer, the first known 1,2,8,9,15,16,22,23-octasubstituted phthalocyanine.
CD8+T-cell Activation in Mice Injected with a Plasmid DNA Vaccine Encoding AMA-1 of the Reemerging KoreanPlasmodium vivax (2011)

Relatively little has been studied on the AMA-1 vaccine against Plasmodium vivax and on the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding P. vivax AMA-1 (PvAMA-1). In the present study, a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax has been constructed and a preliminary study was done on its cellular immunogenicity to recipient BALB/c mice. The PvAMA-1 gene was cloned and expressed in the plasmid vector UBpcAMA-1, and a protein band of approximately 56.8 kDa was obtained from the transfected COS7 cells. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly or using a gene gun 4 times with the vaccine, and the proportions of splenic T-cell subsets were examined by fluorocytometry at week 2 after the last injection. The spleen cells from intramuscularly injected mice revealed no significant changes in the proportions of CD8(+) T-cells and CD4(+) T-cells. However, in mice immunized using a gene gun, significantly higher (P<0.05) proportions of CD8(+) cells were observed compared to UB vector-injected control mice. The results indicated that cellular immunogenicity of the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax was weak when it was injected intramuscularly; however, a promising effect was observed using the gene gun injection technique.
Developing Mathematical Formulations for the Integrated Problem of Sensors, Weapons, and Targets (2016)

Although sensor resource management and weapon–target assignment problems have been well studied, there is currently no well-posed mathematical formulation that captures the interactions of these problems in the context of a missile defense scenario. This paper gives a representative example to illustrate this fact; then, it poses a method for navigating the abstraction space for the integrated problem of sensors, weapons, and targets based on the specification of information sharing between subproblems. This method begins by outlining a set of formulation classes to specify the way in which information is shared; from this set, some formulation schemata (particular instantiations of a mathematical models that subscribe to the rules of a formulation class) are suggested. A set of goodness criteria for selecting which formulation classes and formulation schemata best address the problem-absent simulation results is considered. Last, the benefits and shortcomings of these formulation classes and formulation schemata, as well as areas for future work, are discussed.
Heterogeneous geographic patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity between two alcohol dehydrogenase genes in wild barley ( Hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum ) (2001)

Patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity in the predominantly self-fertilizing species Hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum (wild barley) are compared between the putative alcohol dehydrogenase 3 locus (denoted "adh3") and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adh1), two related but unlinked loci. The data consist of a sequence sample of 1,873 bp of "adh3" drawn from 25 accessions that span the species range. There were 104 polymorphic sites in the sequenced region of "adh3." The data reveal a strong geographic pattern of diversity at "adh3" despite geographic uniformity at adh1. Moreover, levels of nucleotide sequence diversity differ by nearly an order of magnitude between the two loci. Genealogical analysis resolved two distinct clusters of "adh3" alleles (dimorphic sequence types) that coalesce roughly 3 million years ago. One type consists of accessions from the Middle East, and the other consists of accessions predominantly from the Near East. The two "adh3" sequence types are characterized by a high level of differentiation between clusters ( approximately 2.2%), which induces an overall excess of intermediate frequency variants in the pooled sample. Finally, there is evidence of intralocus recombination in the "adh3" data, despite the high level of self-fertilization characteristic of wild barley.
Uniqueness, the minimum norm constraint, and analog networks for optical flow along contours (2002)

E. Hildreth's (1984) method of computing optical flow along contours cannot resolve the aperture problem for a rigidly translating straight line contour. The authors propose an additional constraint, which they call the minimum norm constraint, as a means of resolving the ambiguity for such a contour. The minimum norm constraint tends to drive the velocity estimate towards the direction normal to the contour everywhere along the contour, i.e., it counters the effect of the smoothness constraint. This is in accord with recent psychophysical studies of K. Nakayama and G. Silverman (1988) which have revealed the presence of such a tendency in the human visual system. The authors propose an analog network for computing contour based optical flow in real-time. They illustrate the minimum norm constraint through experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Social evolution in micro-organisms and a Trojan horse approach to medical intervention strategies (2009)

Medical science is typically pitted against the evolutionary forces acting upon infective populations of bacteria. As an alternative strategy, we could exploit our growing understanding of population dynamics of social traits in bacteria to help treat bacterial disease. In particular, population dynamics of social traits could be exploited to introduce less virulent strains of bacteria, or medically beneficial alleles into infective populations. We discuss how bacterial strains adopting different social strategies can invade a population of cooperative wild-type, considering public good cheats, cheats carrying medically beneficial alleles (Trojan horses) and cheats carrying allelopathic traits (anti-competitor chemical bacteriocins or temperate bacteriophage viruses). We suggest that exploitation of the ability of cheats to invade cooperative, wild-type populations is a potential new strategy for treating bacterial disease.
Adaptive femtosecond optical pulse combining (2000)

We combine two nominal 100 fs pulses into a pulse train using an adaptive holographic quantum-well film as an adaptive pulse combiner in a two-wave mixing geometry. The two pulses in the combined pulse train are phase-locked and are immune to drifting optical path differences or delay times between the two input pulses. The phase is controlled by the choice of center wavelength. The spectrum of the pulse train is equivalent to the spectral interferogram between two ultrafast pulses.