gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm For Siting Nonlinearly-Designed Robust Excitation Controllers in Power Systems (2003)

In this paper, the problem of siting controllers developed based on a nonlineaz power system model is addressed. Emphasis is placed on improving transient response of the power system using limited number of controllers located at well selected sites. A performance index that measures quantitatively transient response of each generator and consequently effects of controllers is introduced. The nonlineazly-designed, decentralized, robust excitation controller is chosen as the class of controllers considered for siting, although all kinds of nonlinear controllers aze admissible. Numerical results of simulations validate the theoretical development in the paper. © 2003 TSI® Press.
Loss of the candidate tumor suppressor ZEB1 (TCF8, ZFHX1A) in Sézary syndrome (2018)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a group of incurable extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas that develop from the skin-homing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the most common histological subtypes. Although next-generation sequencing data provided significant advances in the comprehension of the genetic basis of this lymphoma, there is not uniform consensus on the identity and prevalence of putative driver genes for this heterogeneous group of tumors. Additional studies may increase the knowledge about the complex genetic etiology characterizing this lymphoma. We used SNP6 arrays and GISTIC algorithm to prioritize a list of focal somatic copy-number alterations in a dataset of multiple sequential samples from 21 Sézary syndrome patients. Our results confirmed a prevalence of significant focal deletions over amplifications: single well-known tumor suppressors, such as TP53, PTEN, and RB1, are targeted by these aberrations. In our cohort, ZEB1 (TCF8, ZFHX1A) spans a deletion having the highest level of significance. In a larger group of 43 patients, we found that ZEB1 is affected by deletions and somatic inactivating mutations in 46.5% of cases; also, we found potentially relevant ZEB1 germline variants. The survival analysis shows a worse clinical course for patients with ZEB1 biallelic inactivation. Multiple abnormal expression signatures were found associated with ZEB1 depletion in Sézary patients we verified that ZEB1 exerts a role in oxidative response of Sézary cells. Our data confirm the importance of deletions in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The characterization of ZEB1 abnormalities in Sézary syndrome fulfils the criteria of a canonical tumor suppressor gene. Although additional confirmations are needed, our findings suggest, for the first time, that ZEB1 germline variants might contribute to the risk of developing this disease. Also, we provide evidence that ZEB1 activity in Sézary cells, influencing the reactive oxygen species production, affects cell viability and apoptosis.
A personalised information retrieval tool (2003)

Industry professionals and everyday users of the Internet have long accepted that due to both the size and growth of this ubiquitous repository, new tools are needed to assist with the finding and extraction of very specific resources relevant to a user's task. Previously, this definition of relevance has been based on the extremely generic matching between resources and query terms, but recently the emphasis is shifting towards a more personalised model based on the relevance of a particular resource for one specific user. We introduce a prototype, \tt Fetch, which adopts this concept within an information-seeking environment specifically designed to provide users with the means to better describe a problem (s)he doesn't understand.
Ultrastructural modulations of cell surface determinants in pathological processes. (1979)

A novel approach for the ultrastructural localization of surface sialic acids is presented. Membrane-bound sialyl residues are chemically modified in situ by the covalent attachment of biotinyl residues, the latter of which are subsequently localized by ferritin-conjugated avidin. In contrast to previous methods, which have been based on electrostatic interactions, the above method does not affect cell surface charge. Consequently, the macromolecular configuration of the labeled sialoglycoconjugates is preserved. The method has been found to be more accurate in the quantitative evaluation and the topographical localization of membrane-based sialic acids both in normal and pathologically induced surface modulations. Modulations in cell surface sialic acid content and/or distribution have been demonstrated in beta-thalassemia and transformed lymphoid cells, and the consequences of such alterations are discussed regarding destruction vs. escape from the immune surveillance system.
Single-Impact Electrochemistry in Paper-Based Microfluidics (2022)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have experienced an unprecedented story of success. In particular, as of today, most people have likely come into contact with one of their two most famous examples─the pregnancy or the SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. However, their sensing performance is constrained by the optical readout of nanoparticle agglomeration, which typically allows only qualitative measurements. In contrast, single-impact electrochemistry offers the possibility to quantify species concentrations beyond the pM range by resolving collisions of individual species on a microelectrode. Within this work, we investigate the integration of stochastic sensing into a μPAD design by combining a wax-patterned microchannel with a microelectrode array to detect silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by their oxidative dissolution. In doing so, we demonstrate the possibility to resolve individual nanoparticle collisions in a reference-on-chip configuration. To simulate a lateral flow architecture, we flush previously dried AgNPs along a microchannel toward the electrode array, where we are able to record nanoparticle impacts. Consequently, single-impact electrochemistry poses a promising candidate to extend the limits of lateral flow-based sensors beyond current applications toward a fast and reliable detection of very dilute species on site.
Straight-Chain Fatty Acids Are Dispensable in the Myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus for Vegetative Growth and Fruiting Body Formation (2006)

Inactivation of the MXAN_0853 gene blocked the production in Myxococcus xanthus of straight-chain fatty acids which otherwise represent 30% of total fatty acids. Despite this drastic change in the fatty acid profile, no change in phenotype could be observed, which contrasts with previous interpretations of the role of straight-chain fatty acids in the organism's development.
Quantitation of soya protein by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of its characteristic peptide (1990)

Abstract An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for the quantitative measurement of soya proteins in processed food products. The peptide fragment bearing an antigenicity against anti‐glycinin (soya bean 11S globulin) antibody was purified from the trypsin digests of autoclaved glycinin and used as an indicator antigen for soya proteins. ELISA samples were prepared also by a combination of autoclaving and tryptic digestion. Quantitation of soya proteins by ELISA was found to resist interference by other food materials, and the ELISA signal was independent of soya bean cultivar. The ELISA method was evaluated on pork sausages which were prepared in the laboratory to contain 0 to 20·8% soya protein isolate. With commercial soya protein isolate as reference standard, the results showed that the detected amounts were in quantitative agreement with the added amounts of soya protein isolate.
An Analysis Of The Focusing Performance Of Magellan Sar Image Data (2005)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing can be achieved either based on accurate ephemeris data or on an autofocusing process. For the Magellan project, such a decision must be made in the early phase of Magellan SAR system design. The analysis of the emphemeris requirement is complicated. The analysis given by the author leads to the conclusion that empheris data obtained from the Magellan navigation system provide sufficient accuracy to meet the Magellan image resolution requirement.
Automatic centerline detection of small three-dimensional vessel structures (2014)

Vessel centerline detection is very important in many medical applications. In the noise and low-contrast regions, most existing methods may only produce an incomplete and disconnected extraction of the vessel centerline if no user guidance is provided. A robust and automatic method is described for extraction of the vessel centerline. First, we perform small vessel enhancement by processing with a set of line detection filters, corresponding to the 13 orientations; for each voxel, the highest filter response is kept and added to the image. Second, we extract vessel centerline segment candidates by a thinning algorithm. Finally, a global optimization algorithm is employed for grouping and selecting vessel centerline segments. We validate the proposed method quantitatively on a number of synthetic data sets, the liver artery and lung vessel. Comparisons are made with two state-of-the-art vessel centerline extraction methods and manual extraction. The experiments show that our method is more accurate and robust that these state-of-the-art methods and is, therefore, more suited for automatic vessel centerline extraction.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐CHLOROMERCURIOESTRADIOL AND ‐ESTRONE DERIVATIVES: A NOVEL APPROACH TO A‐RING SUBSTITUTED ESTROGENS (1984)

Abstract Der Östron‐methylether (I) und die Östradiol‐Derivate (III) werden regioselektiv in 2‐Position chlormercuriert [Bildung der Verbindungen (II) bzw. (IV)], während das 2‐Acetoxy‐Derivat (V) [aus (IVa) in 83 proz. Ausb. erhältlich] am C‐4 substituiert wird: Bildung des Chlormercurio‐Derivats (VI).
Experimentally Calculated Study of the Effectiveness on the Process of Non-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel in Reactors of Various Type (2021)

It was experimentally established that the dependence of the partial pressure of methanol on the molar fraction of methanol in oil shows a pronounced negative deviation from Raoul’s law, which significantly changes the idea of the influence of a large excess of methanol during non-catalytic synthesis of biodiesel. The efficiency of use of a molar excess of methanol is reduced as it grows, and with a more than 10-fold molar excess of the amount of reacted methanol, is practically constant. The comparison of biodiesel production processes in the range 220–235 °C showed that a slight change in the process temperature more effectively affects the biodiesel yield than an increase in the molar excess of methanol. A mathematical model of the process of transesterification of rapeseed oil in reactors of various types (batch and tubular reactors) is developed. A satisfactory correlation between the experimental and calculated data was observed. The calculation showed that the rate constants of the reverse reactions at 230 °C were not significant.
Highly Anisotropic Opto‐electronic Properties of Aligned Films of Self‐Assembled Platinum Molecular Wires (2003)

Self‐assembled columns of alternating tetrachloro‐ and tetraalkylaminoplatinum moieties form stable, highly oriented, optically anisotropic films on a friction‐deposited polytetrafluoroethylene surface (see Figure). Charge transport in the films is rapid (mobility ≥ ca. 10 –2 cm 2 V –1 s –1 ) and highly one‐dimensional along the axis of the columns (anisotropy ≥ 20), further substantiating the potential application of these materials in molecular opto‐electronic devices.
Bis(acetone-κO)bis(N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine-κ2N,N′)copper(II) diperchlorate (2004)

The title compound, [Cu(C(4)H(12)N(2))(2)(C(3)H(6)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2), is the first structurally characterized Cu(II) complex having acetone as axial ligands. The complex adopts an elongated octahedral trans-[CuN(4)O(2)] coordination geometry, with the Cu atom having 222 site symmetry. The axial Cu-O(acetone) and in-plane Cu-N bond lengths are 2.507 (5) and 2.041 (3) A, respectively.
Anisotropic phase coherence in GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires (2017)

Low-temperature transport in nanowires is accompanied by phase-coherent effects, which are observed as modulation of the conductance in an external magnetic field. In the GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires investigated here, these are h/e flux periodic oscillations in a magnetic field aligned parallel to the nanowire axis and aperiodic universal conductance fluctuations in a field aligned perpendicularly to the nanowire axis. Both electron interference effects are used to analyse the phase coherence of the system. Temperature-dependent measurements are carried out, in order to derive the phase coherence lengths in the cross-sectional plane as well as along the nanowire sidewalls. It is found that these values show a strong anisotropy, which can be explained by the crystal structure of the GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowire. For nanowires with a radius as low as 45 nm, flux periodic oscillations were observed up to a temperature of 55 K.
Comparison of DRAM capacitor dielectric by stored charge and holding time using TQV chart (1992)

Dielectric films for DRAM storage capacitors were examined using a TQV chart. This chart enables comparison of performance between different insulating materials with different current-voltage behaviors. It was believed that insulators with higher dielectric constant have larger leakage current, but the results show otherwise. A BaSrTiO/sub 3/ film performed best, but the step coverage of the film should be improved. Silicon nitride films are approaching a thickness limitation, but could be effective if the capacitor electrode structure is improved to utilize the good step coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metal-Free Addition of Benzyl Halides to Aldehydes Using Super Electron Donors: Access to 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarins and 1,2-Diarylethanols (2020)

We report here the intermolecular metal-free addition reaction of functionalized benzyl halides to aldehydes using a super electron donor (SED). The metal-free and mild conditions allowed the formation of 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and 1,2-diarylethanols with unprecedented functional group tolerance.
Ultrasound-mediated gene transfer (sonoporation) in fibrin-based matrices: potential for use in tissue regeneration (2013)

It has been suggested that gene transfer into donor cells is an efficient and practical means of locally supplying requisite growth factors for applications in tissue regeneration. Here we describe, for the first time, an ultrasound-mediated system that can non-invasively facilitate gene transfer into cells entrapped within fibrin-based matrices. Since ultrasound-mediated gene transfer is enhanced using microbubbles, we compared the efficacy of neutral and cationic forms of these reagents on the ultrasound-stimulated gene transfer process in gel matrices. In doing so we demonstrated the beneficial effects associated with the use of cationic microbubble preparations that interact directly with cells and nucleic acid within matrices. In some cases, gene expression was increased two-fold in gel matrices when cationic microbubbles were compared with neutral microbubbles. In addition, incorporating collagen into fibrin gels yielded a 25-fold increase in gene expression after application of ultrasound to microbubble-containing matrices. We suggest that this novel system may facilitate non-invasive temporal and spatial control of gene transfer in gel-based matrices for the purposes of tissue regeneration.
Improvement in Visual Target Tracking for a Mobile Robot (2006)

In an improvement of the visual-target-tracking software used aboard a mobile robot (rover) of the type used to explore the Martian surface, an affine-matching algorithm has been replaced by a combination of a normalized- cross-correlation (NCC) algorithm and a template-image-magnification algorithm. Although neither NCC nor template-image magnification is new, the use of both of them to increase the degree of reliability with which features can be matched is new. In operation, a template image of a target is obtained from a previous rover position, then the magnification of the template image is based on the estimated change in the target distance from the previous rover position to the current rover position (see figure). For this purpose, the target distance at the previous rover position is determined by stereoscopy, while the target distance at the current rover position is calculated from an estimate of the current pose of the rover. The template image is then magnified by an amount corresponding to the estimated target distance to obtain a best template image to match with the image acquired at the current rover position.
A safe generic adaptation mechanism for smart cars (2015)

Today's vehicles are evolving towards smart cars, which will be able to drive autonomously and adapt to changing contexts. Incorporating self-adaptation in these cyber-physical systems (CPS) promises great benefits, like cheaper software-based redundancy or optimised resource utilisation. As promising as these advantages are, a respective proportion of a vehicle's functionality poses as safety hazards when confronted with fault and failure situations. Consequently, a system's safety has to be ensured with respect to the availability of multiple software applications, thus often resulting in redundant hardware resources, such as dedicated backup control units. To benefit from self-adaptation by means of creating efficient and safe systems, this work introduces a safety concept in form of a generic adaptation mechanism (GAM). In detail, this generic adaptation mechanism is introduced and analysed with respect to generally known and newly created safety hazards, in order to determine a minimal set of system properties and architectural limitations required to safely perform adaptation. Moreover, the approach is applied to the ICT architecture of a smart e-car, thereby highlighting the soundness, general applicability, and advantages of this safety concept and forming the foundation for the currently ongoing implementation of the GAM within a real prototype vehicle.
Ion Gradient-driven Bifurcations of a Multi-Scale Neuronal Model (2022)

Abstract Metabolic limitations within the brain frequently arise in the context of aging and disease. As the largest consumers of energy within the brain, ion pumps that maintain the neuronal membrane potential are the most affected when energy supply becomes limited. To characterize the effects of such limitations, we analyze the ion gradients present in the Larter-Breakspear neural mass model. We show the existence and locations of Neimark-Sacker and period-doubling bifurcations in the sodium, calcium, and potassium reversal potentials, and demonstrate that these bifurcations form physiologically relevant bounds of ion gradient variability. Within these bounds, we show how depolarization of the gradients will cause decreased neural activity. We also show that the depolarization of ion gradients decreases inter-regional coherence, causing a shift in the critical point at which the coupling occurs and thereby inducing loss of synchrony between regions. In this way, we show that the Larter-Breakspear model captures ion gradient variability present at the microscale level and propagates these changes to the macroscale effects congruent with those observed in human neuroimaging studies.
Pruritus in Cholestasis: Facts and Fiction (2013)

Pruritus is a common symptom in patients with cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, or hereditary pediatric cholestatic disorders and may accompany, although less frequently, many other liver diseases. Recent findings indicate that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent neuronal activator, and autotaxin (ATX; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2), the enzyme which forms LPA, may form a key element of the long-sought pruritogenic signaling cascade in cholestatic patients suffering from itch. Serum ATX, but no other pruritogen candidate studied so far, correlates with pruritus intensity and responds to therapeutic interventions. In this comprehensive review, we provide a short update on actual insights in signal transmission related to pruritus and discuss pruritogen candidates in cholestasis. We also summarize evidence-based and guideline-approved as well as experimental therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from pruritus in cholestasis.
Staged Reads: Mitigating the impact of DRAM writes on DRAM reads (2012)

Main memory latencies have always been a concern for system performance. Given that reads are on the critical path for CPU progress, reads must be prioritized over writes. However, writes must be eventually processed and they often delay pending reads. In fact, a single channel in the main memory system offers almost no parallelism between reads and writes. This is because a single off-chip memory bus is shared by reads and writes and the direction of the bus has to be explicitly turned around when switching from writes to reads. This is an expensive operation and its cost is amortized by carrying out a burst of writes or reads every time the bus direction is switched. As a result, no reads can be processed while a memory channel is busy servicing writes. This paper proposes a novel mechanism to boost read-write parallelism and perform useful components of read operations even when the memory system is busy performing writes. If some of the banks are busy servicing writes, we start issuing reads to the other idle banks. The results of these reads are stored in a few registers near the memory chip's I/O pads. These results are quickly returned immediately following the bus turnaround. The process is referred to as a Staged Read because it decouples a single read operation into two stages, with the first step being performed in parallel with writes. This innovation can also be viewed as a form of prefetch that is internal to a memory chip. The proposed technique works best when there is bank imbalance in the write stream. We also introduce a write scheduling algorithm that artificially creates bank imbalance and allows useful read operations to be performed during the write drain. Across a suite of memory-intensive workloads, we show that Staged Reads can boost throughput by up to 33% (average 7%) with an average DRAM access latency improvement of 17%, while incurring a very small cost (0.25%) in terms of memory chip area. The throughput improvements are even greater when considering write-intensive workloads (average 11%) or future systems (average 12%).