gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ozanimod, an Oral S1P Receptor Modulator, in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Results of the Maintenance Period of the TOUCHSTONE Study (2015)

Introduction: Ozanimod (RPC1063) is an oral, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) 1 and 5 receptor modulator in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and relapsing multiple sclerosis. The objective of the maintenance period of TOUCHSTONE was to evaluate the longer term efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg (low dose, LD) and 1 mg (high dose, HD) ozanimod in comparison to placebo (PBO), in patients with moderate to severe UC. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of two orally administered doses of ozanimod vs placebo in patients with moderate to severe UC. A total of 197 patients were randomized (1:1:1) and treated once daily with HD (n=67), LD (n=65) or PBO (n=65). As previously reported, a significantly greater proportion of patients receiving HD were in clinical remission, clinical response, and had mucosal improvement than placebo patients at week 8. Patients who achieved clinical response at week 8 continued into the maintenance period (MP) with their original treatment for an additional 24 weeks. Results: Of 197 patients in the induction period, 103 (52.3%) entered the MP and 91 (88.3%) completed. At Week 32 clinical remission occurred in 14/67 (20.9%), HD (p=0.0108 vs. PBO), 17/65 (26.2%), LD (p=0.0021), and 4/65 (6.2%), PBO; clinical response occurred in 34/67 (50.7%), HD (p=0.0002), 23/65 (35.4%), LD (p=0.0571), and 13/65 (20.0%), PBO; mucosal improvement (Mayo endo-subscore ≤1) occurred in 22/67 (32.8%) for HD (p=0.0046), 21/65 (32.3%), LD (p=0.0064), and 8/65 (12.3%), PBO. The improvement in total Mayo score at Week 32 from baseline was 3.4, HD (p=0.0004), 2.2, LD (p=0.1932), and 1.6, PBO. During the MP, adverse events (AEs) were most common in PBO. AEs occurred in 11/42 (26.2%), HD; 4/36 (11.1%), LD; 8/25 (32.0%), PBO. The most common AEs were: worsening of UC (HD, n=1; LD, 0; PBO, n=2) and UTI (HD, 0; LD, n=1; PBO, n=1). No AEs of special interest (cardiac, pulmonary, ophthalmologic, hepatic, malignancy or serious infections) were reported during the MP. Conclusion: Patients with moderate to severe UC who continued treatment with ozanimod were more likely to achieve and maintain clinical remission, clinical response and mucosal improvement than those receiving placebo. These data support the longer term efficacy and safety/tolerability profile of ozanimod in the treatment of moderate to severe UC.
039 Characterization of Female Periurethral Tissue: Potential Impact of Mid-urethral Sling Surgeries on Female Sexual Function (2019)

The female periurethral tissue (FPT) contains numerous glands which stain positive for prostate specific acid. These glands are surrounded by neuronal and vascular structures, and may have physiologic contribution to sexual function. The FPT is located adjacent to the anterior vaginal wall epithelium and surrounds the urethra passing distally from the bladder neck to the meatus. Decreased sexual function, especially lowered orgasm satisfaction, has been reported following mid-urethral sling procedures to treat stress urinary incontinence, and requires further investigation of this possible iatrogenic effect. Cadaver studies have shown the mid-urethral sling transects through the glandular, neuronal, and vascular structures of the FPT. The objectives of this study are to further histologically characterize the FPT and examine patterns of innervation in relation to its specific morphological features. Histologic and immunohistochemical investigations of glandular, vascular, and nervous structures of the FPT were examined from three fresh human female cadavers. The region of FPT examined was located in the same region of implanted mid-urethral slings.
A reduced-basis element method (2002)

Reduced basis methods are particularly attractive to use in order to diminish the number of degrees-of-freedom associated with the approximation to a set of partial differential equations. The main idea is to construct ad hoc basis functions with a large information content. In this Note, we propose to develop and analyze reduced basis methods for simulating hierarchical flow systems, which is of relevance for studying flows in a network of pipes, an example being a set of arteries or veins. We propose to decompose the geometry into generic parts (e.g., pipes and bifurcations), and to construct a reduced basis for these generic parts by considering representative geometric snapshots. The global system is constructed by gluing the individual basis solutions together via Lagrange multipliers.
Women workers in South Africa : participation, pay and prejudice in the formal labor market (1999)

The report examines gender differences in the formal labor market participation in South Africa, based on the 1994 October Household Survey, and determines the factors that underlie these differences. Although race is central to the discussion, it is considered only to the extent associated to gender disparities. The paper questions whether there are substantial differences in women's and men's labor market participation, and if so, which are the different factors influencing their participation. Furthermore, it analyzes the significance underlying the gender wage gap, and the evidence for widespread gender wage discrimination. The complex interplay of social, cultural, and economic decisions that affect women's participation decisions are examined, and recommendations suggest mechanisms to review labor inspection systems, in public and non-governmental agencies. The creation of a nexus for women's affairs at the central, and/or provincial government levels is suggested, to promote women's rights in the workforce, in pursuing girls' education issues, and, in establishing cross-sectoral links for the promotion of women's issues.
The Metabolism of Maltose After Intravenous Injection in Normal and Diabetic Subjects (1974)

The metabolism of intravenously administered maltose was compared with glucose in 5 fasting, adult, noninsulin-dependent, mildly diabetic subjects and contrasted with normal controls. After an iv injection of 25 g maltose containing 5 μCi maltose-U-14C or 25 g glucose containing either 5 μCi glucose-1-14C or glucose-U-14C, expired breath and urine were collected over a 6-hr period. Blood samples obtained at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min were assayed for insulin, total reducing substances and glucose. Equal amounts of maltose and glucose were oxidized to 14CO2. The rate of oxidation for maltose was much slower with a peak 14CO2 excretion 100 min later than for glucose. Diabetic subjects showed a delayed peak 14CO2 excretion after both sugars compared with normal subjects.Serum glucose concentration after maltose infusion remained less than 95 mg/10 ml over the entire 2-hr period, in contrast to the elevation of serum glucose following glucose administration. The increase in total serum reducing substances was similar after maltose and glucose administration. In normal and diabetic subjects, there was a significant rise in serum insulin after maltose injection, however, this increase was greater after glucose. Diabetic subjects showed an abnormal iv glucose tolerance test and higher serum insulin levels at 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose infusion as compared to normal subjects. Circulating maltose may enter cells intact and subsequently be metabolized in a manner similar to glucose by both normal and diabetic subjects.
Creation of a narrow Bessel-like laser beam using a nematic liquid crystal (2006)

We present a simple and efficient method to convert a Gaussian laser beam into a Bessel-like beam with a long and narrow focal line by using a nematic liquid crystal with a high third-order nonlinearity.
Supplementary Tables from Tobacco Carcinogen–Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables show all the primary antibodies, primer sequences, antibodies used in the flow cytometry assay, up- and down-regulated gene list and CREB signature gene list.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance of a Pulsed Ion Beam with a Renewable Cryogenically Cooled Ion Source (2007)

Summary form only given. A magnetically insulated diode configuration is commonly used as a source of high-power ion beams. A desirable ion source operated within such a diode should feature high-purity of selectable ions, and localize ion formation within the anode-cathode (A-K) gap to maximize the potential for high-brightness operation. We have developed a pulsed ion source based on the use of refrigeration of the anode, followed by the freezing of gas upon the anode surface. The operation of such a 'cryo-diode" has been previously demonstrated , and like the earlier version, the source is operated within a magnetically insulated ion diode in extractor geometry. We have replaced the use of liquid He dewar cooling in the previous versions. by the use of a lower cost and more convenient closed-cycle renewable He cooling source, namely a cryo-pump connected directly to the anode. The ultimate operating temperature of the anode surface then is determined by the cooling capacity of the cryo-pump, as well as the thermal insulation of the anode with respect to the surrounding environment. This allows for both repetitive and long-term operation of such an ion source. Two versions of this cryo-diode have been operated, the first with a 7.5-watt cryo-pump, and the second a 60-watt version. In the first case, the anode surface temperature reached 60K, and Xe was introduced from the cathode side and frozen onto the anode. We observed the formation of a pure Xe+1 ion beam, as determined from time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. A 30 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> peak current density was observed at 33 cm propagation distance (in vacuum). The beam showed prompt turn-on, but was of shorter duration than the power pulse, suggesting source-limited behavior. In the second 60 watt series, anode surface temperature was reduced to 32K, allowing for freezing out of CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , Kr, Xe, and Ar. The beams produced in this series were of full power pulse duration (100 ns). The beam from CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> was the most powerful, reaching 1.2 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on axis of mostly C+l, with 700 A total beam indicated at 45 cm distance within 6 cm radius. Beam turn-on delay appears to be 20 ns or less, but peak current densities listed are only attained after repeated pulsings from a given ice loading, up to 24 in the case of Xe ice. The beam puritv was observed to remain constant despite noticeable discoloration of the Xe ice.
Minimally invasive anatomic liver resection: Results of a survey of world experts (2021)

Minimally invasive anatomic liver resection remains a challenging procedure; however, a certain degree of consensus exists among expert liver surgeons.
Reliable Dynamic Monitoring of Bridges with Integrated GPS and BeiDou (2018)

In recent years, global positioning system (GPS) has been widely used for the measurement of deflections of bridges. However, due to multipath and satellite signal obstructions caused by towers, cables, and passing vehicles, the reliability of deformation monitoring with GPS is still a problem. Recent research with respect to multi–global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) technology, though, has enhanced satellite visibility and availability for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) for users. Its benefits involving application in bridge monitoring are still rarely studied. In this paper, we propose a composite strategy where integrated GPS and BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) dual-frequency, carrier-phase data processing is carried out to improve the reliability of bridge monitoring with GNSS measurements. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)–based stochastic model and postfit residual editing strategies are utilized to enhance the reliability further. In a group of fixed-point experiments, improvements of 20–30% in precision were achieved with the integrated GPS and BDS compared to GPS-only results. Based on the real GPS and BDS measurements collected on the Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge in China, we assessed the performance of the proposed method. In the vibration experiment, no apparent effects on natural frequency identification were found by introducing BDS into the solution in an ideal observation environment. However, the combined GPS and BDS results seemed to be much more promising, with lower background noise. Meanwhile, the integrated GPS and BDS data processing with postfit residual editing and SNR-based stochastic model strategies effectively managed satellite signal obstruction and the influence of multipath effect to attain reliable dynamic deformation-monitoring information for bridges.
Evaluation of Codon Biology in Citrus and Poncirus trifoliata Based on Genomic Features and Frame Corrected Expressed Sequence Tags (2013)

Citrus, as one of the globally important fruit trees, has been an object of interest for understanding genetics and evolutionary process in fruit crops. Meta-analyses of 19 Citrus species, including 4 globally and economically important Citrus sinensis, Citrus clementina, Citrus reticulata, and 1 Citrus relative Poncirus trifoliata, were performed. We observed that codons ending with A- or T- at the wobble position were preferred in contrast to C- or G- ending codons, indicating a close association with AT richness of Citrus species and P. trifoliata. The present study postulates a large repertoire of a set of optimal codons for the Citrus genus and P. trifoliata and demonstrates that GCT and GGT are evolutionary conserved optimal codons. Our observation suggested that mutational bias is the dominating force in shaping the codon usage bias (CUB) in Citrus and P. trifoliata. Correspondence analysis (COA) revealed that the principal axis [axis 1; COA/relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU)] contributes only a minor portion (∼10.96%) of the recorded variance. In all analysed species, except P. trifoliata, Gravy and aromaticity played minor roles in resolving CUB. Compositional constraints were found to be strongly associated with the amino acid signatures in Citrus species and P. trifoliata. Our present analysis postulates compositional constraints in Citrus species and P. trifoliata and plausible role of the stress with GC3 and coevolution pattern of amino acid.
[The epidemiology of hepatitis B in Tunisia]. (1988)

Les resultats montrent l'importance de l'infection par le VHB en Tunisie. La vaccination contre le virus de l'hepatite B doit etre envisagee chez les enfants avec les autres vaccins de l'enfance. La vaccination a grande echelle de la population adulte ne doit pas etre systematique puisque les 2/3 des sujets presentent au moins un marqueur du VHB et serait reservee aux groupes a risque apres analyse immunologique
Identification of Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of Neurotrophin Receptors for the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and results in severe neurodegeneration and progressive cognitive decline. Neurotrophins are growth factors involved in the development and survival of neurons, but also in underlying mechanisms for memory formation such as hippocampal long-term potentiation. Our aim was to identify small molecules with stimulatory effects on the signaling of two neurotrophins, the nerve growth factor (NGF) and the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To identify molecules that could potentiate neurotrophin signaling, 25,000 molecules were screened, which led to the identification of the triazinetrione derivatives ACD855 (Ponazuril) and later on ACD856, as positive allosteric modulators of tropomyosin related kinase (Trk) receptors. ACD855 or ACD856 potentiated the cellular signaling of the neurotrophin receptors with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.9 and 3.2 or 0.38 and 0.30 µM, respectively, for TrkA or TrkB. ACD855 increased acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus by 40% and facilitated long term potentiation in rat brain slices. The compounds acted as cognitive enhancers in a TrkB-dependent manner in several different behavioral models. Finally, the age-induced cognitive dysfunction in 18-month-old mice could be restored to the same level as found in 2-month-old mice after a single treatment of ACD856. We have identified a novel mechanism to modulate the activity of the Trk-receptors. The identification of the positive allosteric modulators of the Trk-receptors might have implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases and other diseases characterized by cognitive impairment.
"Fertility Regulation Technology: Status and Prospects" (1978)

The current status of and prospects for contraceptive methods is reviewed. Regulations governing the development, safety, and effectiveness of contraceptive methods are discussed, as well as the nature of the female and male reproductive system. Methods reviewed include coitus interruptus, the condom, spermicidal contraceptive agents, postcoital douching, the vaginal diaphragm, male and female sterilization, the rhythm method, oral contraceptives, IUDs, induced abortion, progesterone-releasing IUDs, postcoital estrogens, abortifacient agents (prostaglandins), immunization against human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), pharmacologic suppression of the corpus luteum, long-acting injections of Depo-Provera, implantation of capsules containing norgestrel, the intravaginal ring, intracervical devices, release of contraceptive steroids through an arm bracelet, and male contraceptive agents. New areas of contraceptive research include influencing the release of luteininzing hormone-releasing hormone, ''turning-off'' corpus luteum function in early pregnancy by competitors for HCG, affecting sperm or ovarian membranes to prevent fertilization, and interferring with sperm and egg development.
Watermarking via optimization algorithms for quantizing ran- domized statistics of image regions (2002)

We introduce a novel approach for blind signal watermarking and apply it to images. We derive randomized robust semi-global features in a suitable transform domain (wavelets in case of images) and quantize them in order to embed the watermark. Quantization is carried out by adding an embedding sequence to the host; this sequence is computed by solving an optimization problem whose parameters are known to the information hider, but unknown to the attacker. We experimentally identify some conditions (our randomizations are aimed at achieving them) satisfied by our parameters, which formally and experimentally imply robustness of our algorithm against malicious optimal estimation attacks. We also tested its robustness against many generic (i.e. non-malicious benchmark attacks ) attacks.
Macro Interleaver Design for Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation with Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2008)

Bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is a pragmatic approach to achieve power and bandwidth efficient transmission. At this low-density parity-check codes (LDPCC) can be utilized which are then concatenated with a modulator. The concatenation of LDPCC and modulator is done via a bit interleaver which has the task to spread information. While the matched design of an optimal LDPC degree distribution with respect to a given mapping scheme is well observed it is often assumed that the probabilistic values passed from demodulator to the LDPCC decoder are independent due to the mapping interleaver. However for higher order modulations, e.g. 16-QAM or 256-QAM, more and more bits are getting correlated during the demodulation process. The connectivity of these correlated bits have to be considered during the design of the mapping interleaver with respect to the graph of the concatenated LDPC codes. In this paper, we present the design of mapping interleavers of BICM schemes utilizing LDPC codes. Simulation results show the strong influence of correlated inputs to the performance of LDPC decodes. This correlations can cause a high error floor if the mapping interleaver is not carefully designed.
Wide‐range optical spectra of carbon nanotubes: a comparative study (2008)

Abstract We present optical spectra from the far infrared through the ultraviolet spectral region of freestanding transparent carbon nanotube films: single‐, double‐ and multiwalled, and containing varying amounts of tubes of different chirality. By comparing the spectral features in the far infrared and the near infrared/visible, we can estimate the metallic/semiconducting content. We show by spectroscopic methods that doping the tubes increases both the conductivity and the transparency for visible light.We also discuss the influence of sample preparation and subsequent treatment on application possibilities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Limb/trunk lean mass ratio as a risk factor for mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients (2012)

Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a common problem in dialysis patients. There have been few reports on the effects of regional lean mass distribution for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We reviewed the medical records and identified all adults who received PD between May 2001 and May 2011. Five hundred thirty four patients were enrolled. The clinical and laboratory data were collected at 1 and 12 months. Regional lean masses were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The limb/trunk lean mass ratio (LTLM) was defined as a value on dividing the sum of four limbs by the trunk lean mass. The mean age at the start of PD was 53.2±14.1 years. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was most common underlying disease of end-stage renal disease (49.6%). In males, the low LTLM tertile was associated with low body mass index, creatinine, arm muscle circumference, and high C-reactive protein. In females, the low LTLM tertile was associated with low creatinine and normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance. On both univariate and multivariate analysis adjusted for age, Davies risk index, and residual renal function, initial low LTLM tertile and maintenance of low LTLM were associated with mortality in PD patients. Distribution or change of regional lean mass may be more useful for predicting nutritional status. Initial low LTLM and maintenance of low LTLM were associated with mortality in PD patients. LTLM as a new marker would be useful for predicting the nutritional status and the mortality in patients on PD.