gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Camflow: Managed Data-Sharing for Cloud Services (2015)

A model of cloud services is emerging whereby a few trusted providers manage the underlying hardware and communications whereas many companies build on this infrastructure to offer higher level, cloud-hosted PaaS services and/or SaaS applications. From the start, strong isolation between cloud tenants was seen to be of paramount importance, provided first by virtual machines (VM) and later by containers, which share the operating system (OS) kernel. Increasingly it is the case that applications also require facilities to effect isolation and protection of data managed bythose applications. They also require flexible data sharingwith other applications, often across the traditional cloud-isolation boundaries; for example, when government, consisting of different departments, provides services to its citizens through a common platform. These concerns relate to the management of data. Traditional access control is application and principal/role specific, applied at policy enforcement points, after which there is no subsequent control over where data flows;a crucial issue once data has left its owner's control by cloud-hosted applications andwithin cloud-services. Information Flow Control (IFC), in addition, offers system-wide, end-to-end, flow control based on the properties of the data. We discuss the potential of clouddeployed IFC for enforcingowners' data flow policy with regard to protection and sharing, aswell as safeguarding against malicious or buggy software. In addition, the audit log associated with IFC provides transparency and offers system-wide visibility over data flows. This helps those responsible to meet their data management obligations, providing evidence of compliance, and aids in the identification ofpolicy errors and misconfigurations. We present our IFC model and describe and evaluate our IFC architecture and implementation (CamFlow). This comprises an OS level implementation of IFC with support for application management, together with an IFC-enabled middleware.
An International Drug Administration: Curing Uncertainty in International Pharmaceutical Product Liability (1998)

This comment will demonstrate how discrepancies among product li- ability standards and different interpretations of their application have cre- ated fear and uncertainty in the pharmaceutical industry. This fear has caused distortions in the market, increased costs for both manufacturers and consumers, and chilled the research and development of new products. To combat these problems, this comment proposes that the United States, the European Union, and Japan work together to create a new international, uniform system of product liability for pharmaceutical products. Harmo- nizing the standard of liability for pharmaceuticals among these regimes has proven inadequate to stop inconsistency and uncertainty. This comment proposes the creation of an International Drug Administration (IDA), com- prised of members from different countries that would serve as an interna- tional regulatory agency promulgating registration and development requirements for new drugs on the international market. A special subset of the IDA would serve as an administrative tribunal for liability cases. The IDA tribunal would provide a uniform system of product liability, compen- sating consumers for injury but not punishing manufacturers without fault. Part II of this comment will introduce the current liability standards for pharmaceutical products in the United States, the European Union, and Ja- pan, and will explain how these standards developed and how they differ from each other. Part I will then illustrate how these differences translate into uncertainty and how that uncertainty negatively affects the pharmaceu- tical market. Part IV will introduce the concept of international regulation of the pharmaceutical industry through an IDA. Finally, Part V will explain how this IDA would act as an administrative tribunal for pharmaceutical product liability claims. This system would eliminate inconsistency and uncertainty in product liability and provide a better, more uniform system of product liability for the pharmaceutical industry.
Isotachophoretic Separations on a Microchip. Normal Raman Spectroscopy Detection (1998)

Isotachophoretic separations of the herbicides paraquat and diquat are performed in a glass microchip etched channel and monitored on-chip by normal Raman spectroscopy. The 40-micron-wide and 75-micron-deep separation channels are chemically etched in a serpentine design to 21-cm total length. A 120-micron-thick glass cover slip is used to seal the channels. Separation field strengths up to 380 V/cm are used. The microchip is directly coupled to a Raman microprobe. No interfacing is required. Raman spectra are generated with a 2-W, 532-nm NdY-VO4 laser and collected at 8-cm-1 resolution with a holographic transmissive spectrograph and a cryogenically cooled CCD. Data acquisition is at 2-5 spectra/s. Raman isotachopherograms of the pesticides at starting concentrations as low as 2.3 x 10(-7) M (60 ppb paraquat/80 ppb diquat) are presented.
Short pulse laser stretcher-compressor using a single common reflective grating (2023)

The present invention provides an easily aligned, all-reflective, aberration-free pulse stretcher-compressor in a compact geometry. The stretcher-compressor device is a reflective multi-layer dielectric that can be utilized for high power chirped-pulse amplification material processing applications. A reflective grating element of the device is constructed: 1) to receive a beam for stretching of laser pulses in a beam stretcher beam path and 2) to also receive stretched amplified pulses to be compressed in a compressor beam path through the same (i.e., common) reflective multilayer dielectric diffraction grating. The stretched and compressed pulses are interleaved about the grating element to provide the desired number of passes in each respective beam path in order to achieve the desired results.
Switching in amorphous devices (1992)

Abstract Electrical switching of a kind can be observed in a great variety of materials in many different forms and structures. Much the most reproducible switching is observed, however, in small and geometrically well-defined devices fabricated from thin films of certain amorphous semiconductors. This paper is concerned with such devices. The general features of electrical switching are first reviewed, followed by a more detailed account of recent work in the authors' own laboratories on digital and analogue switching in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
Étude de la fonction accomodative de l'oeil humain : application à la correction de la presbytie (1988)

Ce travail traite des caracteristiques statiques, spatiales et dynamiques de la fonction accommodative et de l'influence d'une defocalisation astigmique du stimulus. A l'aide du dispositif experimental developpe (optometre infra-rouge haute sensibilite et dispositif de stimulation Badal automatise), nous avons etudie sur deux observateurs la reponse accommodative moyenne et les microfluctuations d'accommodation par analyse spectrale. L'etude du regime stationnaire sur un large domaine dioptrique a mis en evidence un certain nombre de non-linearites du systeme (saturations de la reponse, activite maximale des fluctuations d'accommodation en milieu de parcours d'accommodation) et une tres forte correlation de l'activite de ces oscillations avec la sensibilite au flou du mecanisme accomodatif. En regime transitoire et force, nous avons montre une grande stabilite et reproductibilite des temps de latence d'accommodation ainsi qu'une attenuation importante du gain du systeme a partir de 0,5 Hz avec un maximum relatif proche de 2 Hz. Nous avons montre une influence tres marquee de la puissance et de l'axe d'une perturbation astigmique du stimulus en regime stationnnaire ou dynamique (augmentation des temps de contraction ou de relaxation, baisse du gain et disparition du pic caracteristique de la fonction de transfert a 2 Hz) qui traduit une degradation du fonctionnement du mecanisme accommodatif.
Ultra Via™ Substrate for Advanced BGA Applications (2000)

ABSTRACT Need for semiconductor devices have placed an increasing demand on the interconnect density and electrical performance of package substrates. For high pincount packaging the market is looking for flip chip assembly on organic packages, with a bump pitch of 180 μm in 1999 dropping to 130μm by 2003. Flip chip offers the highest I/O range and smallest form factor. Currently, vertically integrated companies that can benefit from the saving already favor flip chip. This major change from the wire bond solutions that are in production today pushes BGA substrate suppliers into new technologies to meet the density demands. Thin film build-up substrate provides for the next level of density needs for a wide range of packaging and interconnection technologies. In order to meet the future market requirements, a reliable, cost effective and high routing density substrate is needed. Thin film build-up substrates offer unique advantages compared to the tradition build-up substrates. By comparing X-LAM design to the 100-250 um via pad required for traditional build-up, UltraVia™ can provide 2-3 times higher routing density than the state-of-the-art build-up substrate. This high routing capability results less signal routing layers needed for packaging design. The capability to control thickness ranges, and uniformity of the dielectric layer deposited from thin film process cannot be matched by the traditional lamination process.. This paper discusses the development of ultra-high density BGA substrate, UltraVia™. Processes and materials to fabricate fine features are examined and demonstrated. A flip chip test structure was designed and built for BGA packages to illustrate the density capability. The first parts of electrical and mechanical test results are presented to show the selection of substrate material and processes. These structures have multiple thin film metal layers. The design rule calls for 32 um fine line pitch. The vias were on a 71μm pitch and had 30 um bottom diameter with landing pads of 54μm.
Pulsed laser ablation and deposition of complex oxides (2007)

The pulsed laser ablation and deposition (PLD) processes of SrTiO3 were studied as a model system for developing a technique for the growth of structurally bulk-equivalent epitaxial thin films of typical complex oxides. Deposition rate vs. laser fluence measurements showed that there is a second critical fluence value above the ablation threshold. Below the critical value, both the ablation and deposition rates are linear functions of the fluence and independent of the ablation spot area. Above the critical value, the deposition rate per unit ablation area depends strongly on the ablation spot area. Homoepitaxial SrTiO3 films possessed the exact bulk lattice constant value only when the films were grown at the critical fluence, whereas larger lattice constants were obtained if the fluence was either higher or lower. Composition analysis revealed that the enlargement of the lattice constant was related to cationic unbalance. This critical laser fluence is essential for the growth of bulk-equivalent epitaxial films, and therefore accurate measurement of laser energy and ablation area is vital for reproducible film growth.
Characteristics of PBTI and Hot Carrier Stress for LTPS-TFT With High-$\kappa$ Gate Dielectric (2008)

In this letter, the characteristics of positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) and hot carrier stress (HCS) for the low-temperature poly-Si thin-film transistors (LTPS-TFTs) with gate dielectric are well investigated for the first time. Under room temperature stress condition, the. PBTI shows a more serious degradation than does HCS, indicating that the gate bias stress would dominate the hot carrier degradation behavior for LTPS-TFT. In addition, an abnormal behavior of the degradation with different drain bias stress under high-temperature stress condition is also observed and identified in this letter. The degradation of device's performance under high-temperature stress condition can be attributed to the damages of both the gate dielectric and the poly-Si grain boundaries.
Effect of hot calendering on physical properties and water vapor transfer resistance of bacterial cellulose films (2016)

This work investigates the effect of hot calendering on bacterial cellulose (BC) films properties, aiming the achievement of good transparency and barrier property. A comparison was made using vegetal cellulose (VC) films on a similar basis weight of around 40 g.m−2. The optical–structural, mechanical, and barrier properties of BC films were studied and compared with those of highly beaten VC films. The Young’s moduli and tensile index of the BC films are much higher than those obtained for VC (14.5–16.2 vs 10.8–8.7 GPa and 146.7–64.8 vs 82.8–40.3 N.m.g−1), respectively. Calendering increased significantly the transparency of BC films from 53.0 to 73.0 %. The effect of BC ozonation was also studied. Oxidation with ozone somewhat enhanced the brightness and transparency of the BC films, but at the expenses of slightly lower mechanical properties. BC films exhibited a low water vapor transfer rate, when compared to VC films and this property decreased by around 70 % following calendering, for all films tested. These results show that calendering could be used as a process to obtain films suitable for food packaging applications, where transparency, good mechanical performance, and barrier properties are important. The BC films obtained herein are valuable products that could be a good alternative to the highly used plastics in this industry.
Transfusion Requirements after HLA‐Identical Marrow Transplantation in 82 Patients with Aplastic Anemia (1983)

Red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusion requirements during the first 13 weeks after HLA-identical marrow transplantation were studied in 82 patients with aplastic anemia. On the average, patients were given 9 units of RBCs (1-82) and 44 units of PLTS (6-468). The greatest need for support was during the first 4 weeks postgrafting. A multivariate statistical analysis of 22 variables showed that RBC and PLT requirements increased with age. In addition, RBC requirements increased if the patient had isohemagglutinins against the marrow donor's RBC, i.e., if the marrow transplant was across a major ABO barrier.
Secretion of neu differentiation factor–like polypeptides bycph-transformed fibroblasts: Cloning and characterization of Syrian hamster neuregulin cDNAs (1998)

We reported previously that expression of the cph oncogene in Syrian hamster and mouse cells leads to the secretion of a polypeptide factor or factors structurally and functionally related to neu differentiation factor (NDF) and the establishment of an autocrine loop mediated through the simultaneous overexpression of the erbB4 receptor. To identify the nature of this factor and to characterize its role in the neoplastic conversion of Syrian hamster embryo cells, we cloned cDNAs hybridizing to rat NDF-derived probes by screening a library prepared from neoplastic 81C39 cells, which harbor an activated cph oncogene and secrete active NDF-like polypeptides. Sequence analysis of the isolated clones revealed a high level of homology between the hamster neuregulin and its rat and human counterparts and the existence of various neuregulin cDNA variants in Syrian hamster cells, presumably originating from alternatively spliced RNA species. Interestingly, some of these neuregulin cDNAs were longer (up to 5.5 kb) than those isolated before from any other system, suggesting that the Syrian hamster neuregulin precursor mRNA accumulates at greater concentrations than in other species. We also detected different hamster neuregulin protein isoforms by using in vitro transcription-translation analyses. Peptide sequence analysis identified the major NDF-like polypeptide secreted by 81C39 cells as an alpha2b-neuregulin. Northern blot analyses with the cloned cDNA inserts showed that neuregulin overexpression was commonly associated with the neoplastic conversion of chemically initiated hamster embryo fibroblasts. This, along with the detection of elevated erbB2- or erbB4-specific transcripts in most (six of eight) neoplastic cell lines tested, supports the notion that autocrine neuregulin signaling plays an important role in maintaining the transformed phenotype by providing a growth advantage to cph-transformed cells.
A Novel CD8 T Cell-Restricted CD45RB Epitope Shared by CD43 Is Differentially Affected by Glycosylation (1999)

The mAb 1B11 has been characterized as recognizing the activation-associated glycoform of murine CD43, a heavily O-glycosylated protein implicated in leukocyte homing. When hemopoietic cells from CD43-/- mice were stained with 1B11, CD43-independent binding of 1B11 was observed on peripheral CD8 T cells and at low levels on thymocytes, while no binding was detected on CD4 T cells, B cells, or bone marrow cells. Levels of 1B11 staining were comparable in lymph node CD8+ T cells from both CD43-/- mice and CD43+/+ mice. We sought to identify the CD43-independent target of 1B11 expressed on CD8 T cells. Previous work had demonstrated that neuraminidase treatment of lymph node cells (LNC) enhanced 1B11 binding on CD43+/+ LNC; this enhancement was also observed in CD43-/- LNC. We show that neuraminidase-enhanced 1B11 binding in CD43-/- LNC and EL4 thymoma cells is CD43 independent and that 1B11 detects a novel target of apparent mass of approximately 200 kDa identified as a hyposialylated form of CD45RB preferentially expressed on peripheral CD8, but not CD4, T cells. Our data also show that the recognition of CD43 and CD45RB by 1B11 is differentially affected by O-linked glycosylation and sialic acid. Whereas 1B11 recognition of CD43 on activated T cells required both core 2 O-glycan branching and sialic acid, 1B11 recognition of CD45 only occurred in the absence of both core 2 glycosylation and sialic acid.
Suppression of phosphorus diffusion using cluster Carbon co-implantation (2010)

Phosphorus transient enhanced diffusion (TED) is caused by interstitial diffusion mechanism. It is important for the efficient suppression of phosphorus diffusion that some carbons could be located on lattice point in the initial stage of re-growth during annealing and trap interstitial Silicon. Carbon co-implantation after Germanium, pre-amorphization implantation (PAI) is applied for the applications of n+/p junction formation and the effects of Carbon co-implantation are reported. In our experiments it is shown that suppression of Phosphorus diffusion could be achieved with conventional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) by using cluster Carbon (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) co-implantation for the self-amorphization. Our experimental data suggests that cluster carbon co-implantation enable to suppress phosphorus diffusion without germanium pre-amorphous implantation. In this paper the characteristics of cluster Carbon co-implantation after RTA are introduced from experimental results which were obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and sheet-resistance measurement.
Polymer nanocomposites as dielectrics and electrical insulation-perspectives for processing technologies, material characterization and future applications (2004)

Polymer nanocomposites are defined as polymers in which small amounts of nanometer size fillers are homogeneously dispersed by only several weight percentages. Addition of just a few weight percent of the nanofillers has profound impact on the physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of polymers. Such change is often favorable for engineering purpose. This nanocomposite technology has emerged from the field of engineering plastics, and potentially expanded its application to structural materials, coatings, and packaging to medical/biomedical products, and electronic and photonic devices. Recently these 'hi-tech' materials with excellent properties have begun to attract research people in the field of dielectrics and electrical insulation. Since new properties are brought about from the interactions of nanofillers with polymer matrices, mesoscopic properties are expected to come out, which would be interesting to both scientists and engineers. Improved characteristics are. expected as dielectrics and electrical insulation. Several interesting results to indicate the foreseeable future have been revealed, some of which are described on materials and processing in the paper together with basic concepts and future direction.
Histórias dentro da história: estudo das alegorias em Noturno do Chile, de Roberto Bolaño (2012)

O livro Noturno do Chile, de Roberto Bolano, publicado em 2000, elege para sua minima compreensao um leitor astuto, desconfiado que, diante de um relato proposto a partir das reminiscencias sombrias de um velho padre moribundo, tera que por em cheque tudo o que lhe e dito. Provavelmente ao termino da leitura tera feito muitas perguntas e, muito certamente, nao tera obtido muito sucesso em suas respostas.
Mechanical-Impedance Concepts Applied to the Dynamic Flexural Response of Beams (1966)

A detailed experimental analysis of the flexural response of free-free beams by mechanical-impedance methods is presented. Emphasis is placed on the resonant and antiresonant frequency shifts due to shear flexibility and rotary-inertia effects. Experimental tests were carried out on beams of two materials (aluminum and acrylic) having L/D ratios from 10 to 40. Results indicate resonant and antiresonant frequency shifts due to shear flexibility and rotary inertia as high as 34% for low L/D ratios and higher modes of vibration. Material-damping factors were determined from impedance values at resonant and antiresonant frequencies. Theoretical predictions of driving-point impedance at the center and motion transmissibility to the ends were made by J. C. Snowdon [“Mechanical Impedance of Free-Free Beams,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 240–249 (1965); “Transverse Vibration of Beams with Internal Damping, Rotary Inertia, and Shear,” ibid. 35. 1997–2006 (1963)]. Resonant and antiresonant frequencies were predicted to an average of 0.8% for aluminum and 2.5% for acrylic. Damping factors of 0.00152 for aluminum and 0.0515 for acrylic were indicated. The results for this simple structure add validity to the application of experimental impedance methods in the study of complex structures for which theoretical analysis is impractical.
Analytical TEM Study of the Microstructure of LaNiO3/LaAlO3 Superlattices (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.