gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of biochar coupled with FGD waste for waste management in agriculture improvement (2019)

Abstract Flue gas desulfurization waste (FGD) is one of coal combustion products (CCP) in coal-fired power plants. Mostly, FGD gypsum is applied in cement and wallboard industry. Also, it can be used in agricultural activities for soil amendment but the amount of FGD waste used in this function is still low. Furthermore, biochar has long been used to improve soil fertility. The positive impacts of biochar amendment on soils are that it can increase soil capacity to adsorb plant nutrients, decrease soil bulk density, increase plant available water retention and so on. In Thailand, some areas like Nan province has a problem of soil degradation from deforestation and excess use of chemical fertilizer. With the benefits of these FGD waste and biochar, the study of soil amendment will be performed by using degraded soil. Therefore, this research is aimed to apply FGD waste coupled with biochar to improve soil quality from degraded soil in Nan Province. Also, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of FGD waste and biochar on soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density and soil texture. The concentrations of FGD waste and biochar are ranged from 5-25% and 5-30% by weight, respectively. The results present that the soil quality has been improved in that pH can increases from 5.664 up to 7.309. The soil texture has changed in the better quality from clay to silty loam or loam. Furthermore, the bulk density of soil is reduced in order to have more space for air and water for all mixture which is conducive to plant growth. Consequently, this research can contribute to the improvement of degraded soil properties to fit well for agriculture and the results can be applied for practice in the real field.
Influence des enzymes sur la corrosion localisée d'un acier inoxydable en eaux douces : cas de la glucose-oxydase (2002)

Le développement d’un biofilm à la surface d’aciers inoxydables immergés en eau de mer naturelle se traduit par une augmentation du potentiel de corrosion libre pouvant entraîner un dépassement du potentiel critique d’amorçage des piqûres. Un modèle enzymatique mettant en jeu une enzyme de type oxydase générant des espèces oxydantes, qui favorisent la réaction cathodique, a été proposé pour expliquer ce comportement. Ce travail a pour but d’estimer la validité de ce modèle sur un acier inoxydable AISI 304 en début d’exposition et en milieu ioniquement peu chargé ; 20 mM de glucose et différentes teneurs en glucose-oxydase (10 à 10000 unités par litre (u/L)) ont été additionnées à un milieu aqueux contenant 1000 ppm Cl-+ 500 ppm NO3- + 500 ppm SO4-2. L’étude de l’évolution du potentiel de l’acier a permis de différencier l’influence de l’enzyme de celle de son substrat (le glucose). Ce dernier n’intervient en aucune manière sur cette évolution. Au-delà d’une activité suffisante (10 u/L), l'enzyme est responsable d’une augmentation du potentiel de corrosion libre de l’ordre de +250 mV en 30 minutes. L’influence de cette dernière est observable sur l’évolution initiale du potentiel libre, évolution en relation directe avec la cinétique enzymatique, ainsi que sur celle du pH de la solution. Au cours du test galvanostatique, on assiste à une remontée du potentiel caractéristique d’une passivation de l’acier. Dans ces conditions expérimentales, l’évolution de cette passivation est identique pour toutes les teneurs en glucose-oxydase. L’effet inhibiteur des ions nitrates et sulfates, additionnés aux 1000 ppm de chlorures, n’est aucunement modifié par la présence de la glucose-oxydase
Association between Transillumination Breast Spectroscopy and Quantitative Mammographic Features of the Breast (2008)

Abstract Transillumination breast spectroscopy (TiBS) uses nonionizing optical radiation to gain information about tissue properties directly from the breast. TiBS measurements were obtained from 225 women with normal mammograms. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the spectral data set into four principal components and to generate four TiBS scores (t1-t4) for each woman. These components and scores represent light scattering, water, lipid, and hemoglobin content. Percent density, dense area, and nondense area were measured using Cumulus. The association between TiBS scores and quantitative mammographic features was analyzed using linear regression stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for body mass index. Among premenopausal women, t1 and t3 were significantly associated with percent density (βt1 = −0.14, P = 0.04; βt3 = −2.43, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), whereas t2 and t3 were significantly associated with dense area (βt2 = −1.57, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; βt3 = −2.54, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Among postmenopausal women, t1, t3, and t4 were significantly associated with percent density (βt1 = −0.30, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; βt3 = −2.51, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; βt4 = 4.75, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and dense area (βt1 = −0.19, P = 0.004; βt3 = −2.13, P = 0.002; βt4 = 5.02, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Scores t2 and t4 were also significantly correlated with age among postmenopausal women (rt2 = 0.41 and rt4 = −0.36). Given the association with quantitative mammographic features and tissue changes related to age and menopause, TiBS scores may prove useful as intermediate markers in studies of breast cancer etiology and prevention. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1043–50)
Three‐dimensional EPR/NMR image coregistration using a MATLAB‐based software (2011)

Abstract The coregistration of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images in three‐dimensional (3D) data space typically involves a process of visual inspection and manual alignment of the images. This is due primarily to the use of separate scanners, which can result in a number of potential differences between the two image types, such as resolution, field‐of‐view, and image orientation. In this article, we describe recently developed methodology and software that enables automatic coregistration of EPR and NMR acquired images without the need for manual alignment. The technique requires the use of fiducial markers during both EPR and NMR image acquisition, which contain a solution of free radical spin probes, and allow adjustment of the positions and the fields‐of‐view of the measured images. In this work we present results for EPR/NMR image coregistration using an isoflurane‐anesthetized mouse, injected with triarylmethyl radical (Oxo63) spin probes. The same spin probes were also used inside the fiducial markers and in plastic tubes used for phantom measurements. Using our MATLAB‐based software, we were able to successfully coregister EPR/NMR images in approximately 60 s. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 180–190, 2011
RTP Payload Format for Scalable Video Coding (2011)

This memo describes an RTP payload format for Scalable Video Coding
(SVC) as defined in_Annex G of ITU-T Recommendation H.264, which is
technically identical to Amendment 3 of ISO/IEC International Standard
14496-10. The RTP payload format allows for packetization of one or
more Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) units in each RTP packet payload,
as well as fragmentation of a NAL unit in multiple RTP packets.
Furthermore, it supports transmission of an SVC stream over a single
as well as multiple RTP sessions. For single-session streams the
packetization modes of RFC 3984 are used, whereas for multi-session
streams four different packetization modes are defined in this memo.
The multi-session packetization modes extend the packetization modes
defined in RFC 3984. The payload format is backwards compatible to RFC
3984, and has wide applicability in videoconferencing, Internet video
streaming, and high bit-rate entertainment-quality video, among
others.
Chemie und Strukturchemie der Phosphide und Polyphosphide, 41 Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften neuer silyl-, germyl- und stannylsubstituierter Heptaphosphane(3) P7(MPh3)3 mit M = Si, Ge, Sn / Chemistry and Structural Chemistry of Phosphides and Polyphosphides, 41 Synthesis, Structure and Properties of New Silyl, Germyl and Stannyl Substituted Heptaphosphanes(3) P7(MPh3)3 with M = Si, Ge, Sn (1986)

Abstract , 41 [1] Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften neuer silyl-, germyl-und stannylsubstituierter Heptaphosphane(3) P7(MPh3)3 mit M = Si, Ge, Sn Chemistry and Structural Chemistry of Phosphides and Polyphosphides, 41 [1] Synthesis, Structure and Properties of New Silyl, Germyl and Stannyl Substituted Heptaphosphanes(3) P7(MPh3)3 with M = Si, Ge, Sn Silyl-, Germyl-and Stannyl-substituted H eptaphosphanes(3), 3,5,7-T riphenylm etalla[2.2.1.02'6]hepta-phosphanes, Structures, Raman Spectra, 31P NM R Spectra New derivatives P7(M Ph3) 3 (M = Si, G e, Sn) o f the heptaphosphanortricyclen cage were synthesized by reactions o f P7(SiM e,) 3 with com pounds CIMPh,. The driving force o f the reaction is the lower solubility o f the P7(M P h,) 3 com pounds. W hereas crystals of P7(SiM e3) 3 are enan-tiom orphs, the new com pounds P7(M Ph3) 3 crystallize as racemates. With decreasing M size, the nortricyclen cage P7 is slightly twisted about the 3-fold axis. The main P -P bond lengths in the cage follow the relation A (basal) — 221.8 pm &gt; B (basal-equatorial) = 219.0 pm &gt; C (equato-rial-apical) = 218.5 pm. The m ean bond lengths P —Si = 228.6 and P —Ge = 234.9 and P —Sn = 253.5 pm are slightly larger than the standard single bond distances. The IR absorptions show only very small M -dependent variations in the characteristic internal cage vibrations. Similar effects are recognized in the 3,P NM R chem ical shifts.
The Combat Continues (2003)

A hallmark of noninvasive testing has been the identification of patients with coronary artery disease. Now, with multislice computed tomography (MSCT), information about coronary anatomy can be obtained without the need for catheterization. A major concern with the application of MSCT coronary angiography is the radiation exposure to the patient. Both MSCT and selective coronary angiography share the risks of procedure-related complications, such as allergic contrast reactions, and stochastic risks (i.e., cancer induction) of low-level radiation. There is a substantially higher radiation dose for MSCT angiography (effective dose [ED] 14 mSv) than for CCA (ED 6 mSv). These exposures yield lifetimes risks of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively, of inducing a fatal cancer in the general (i.e., age- and gender-averaged) population. However, CCA poses additional serious risks associated with cardiac catheterization, yielding a non-radiogenic risk of mortality--excluding contrast reactions--of 0.11%. Combining the radiogenic and non-radiogenic risks (0.02% and 0.11%, respectively) yields a 0.13% overall risk of mortality from CCA--nearly two-fold higher than that for MSCT angiography (0.07%). If one were to use the lower, more age-appropriate risk factors for the older patient population in question, the radiogenic risks of both CCA and MSCT would be reduced by about one-half, further widening the overall safety ratio of MSCT relative to CCA. When weighing the relative risks of alternative medical procedures, therefore, it is imperative that one consider the overall risk of the respective procedures.
Contrasting levels of absorption of intense femtosecond laser pulses by solids (2015)

The absorption of ultraintense, femtosecond laser pulses by a solid unleashes relativistic electrons, thereby creating a regime of relativistic optics. This has enabled exciting applications of relativistic particle beams and coherent X-ray radiation, and fundamental leaps in high energy density science and laboratory astrophysics. Obviously, central to these possibilities lies the basic problem of understanding and if possible, manipulating laser absorption. Surprisingly, the absorption of intense light largely remains an open question, despite the extensive variations in target and laser pulse structures. Moreover, there are only few experimental measurements of laser absorption carried out under very limited parameter ranges. Here we present an extensive investigation of absorption of intense 30 femtosecond laser pulses by solid metal targets. The study, performed under varying laser intensity and contrast ratio over four orders of magnitude, reveals a significant and non-intuitive dependence on these parameters. For contrast ratio of 10(-9) and intensity of 2 × 10(19)W cm(-2), three observations are revealed: preferential acceleration of electrons along the laser axis, a ponderomotive scaling of electron temperature, and red shifting of emitted second-harmonic. These point towards the role of J × B absorption mechanism at relativistic intensity. The experimental results are supported by particle-in-cell simulations.
Methodological Physical Analysis of FWDB and PDB Test Procedures Regarding IncompatiblePhysical Phenomena Observed in Real Car Accident (2007)

Many studies have been performed in the field of compatibility between cars. Two test procedures with assessment have been developed to evaluate the compatibility level. The FWDB test is conducted at 56km/h against a 100% overlap rigid wall with deformable elements. The Progressive Deformable Barrier (PDB) test is a 50% overlap test at 60km/h against a PDB. Assessment criteria are based on the force for FWDB test and on the deformation of the barrier for the PDB test. If new assessment criteria are often proposed, few outcomes are provided concerning test procedures themselves, even though a lot of open issues still exist. The aim of this paper is not to review all of them, but to conduct a methodological and physical analysis of both candidate test procedures. “Physical analysis” because it is based on the three incompatibility physical phenomena responsible for real car incompatibility (geometry, energy and stiffness mismatching). And “methodological” because both test procedures are studied using physical tests and virtual testing. Assessment criteria are therefore not considered. Moreover, as a general agreement exists today that multiple load path with connections could help car front-ends to interact, PSA will present component tests and virtual testing with or without lower load path. Significant outcomes are provided concerning the efficiency of the technical procedures: 1) Both procedures can detect a geometry change such as the absence of load path. 2) Both procedures can measure a global force. However, its interpretation for the FWDB test is difficult due to the very limited deformation of the front-end undergone in this test. 3) Only the PDB test is able to draw up an energy absorption statement which is the only way to evaluate the car crash severity. For the FWDB test, this point represents a major difficulty because energy absorption by deformable elements is significant, about 50kJ.
SCER and SCAN: two novel high‐prevalence antigens in the Scianna blood group system (2005)

SCER and SCAN expanded the Scianna blood group system to seven antigens, have been assigned the ISBT numbers 013.006 (Sc6) and 013.007 (Sc7), and were associated with ERMAP(R81Q) and ERMAP(G35S) proteins, respectively. ERMAP(R332X) is a second molecular basis for the Sc(null) phenotype. The eight low-prevalence antigens By, To(a), Pt(a), Re(a), Je(a), Li(a), SARA, and Sk(a) do not belong to the Scianna blood group system.
Interim asessment of the research PPPs in the European economic recovery plan: Energy-efficient buildings. Factories of the future. European green cars initiative (2011)

Rapport om den foreløbige evaluering af de tre igangværende PPP'er (private public partnerships) der er etableret under den europæiske ekonomiske genopretningsplan.
Molecular analysis of signaling events mediated by the cytoplasmic domain of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha subunit (2005)

A chimeric receptor (130/190) containing the cytoplasmic region of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha subunit (LIFRalpha, or gp190) and the extracellular transmembrane region of gp130 was generated. Expressed of the 130/190 chimera in HL-60 cells to induced the homodimerization of the cytoplasmic domains (190cyt-190cyt) with whole LIFRalpha subunit on HL-60 cells in response to LIF. Expression and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (Stat3) and inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation were evaluated in cells transfected with this chimeric molecule.
Standardized evaluation of lung congestion during COPD exacerbation better identifies patients at risk of dying (2013)

By applying a standardized approach when evaluating pulmonary congestion on chest radiographs during AECOPD, a group of patients with increased risk of dying, possibly due to heart failure, is identified.
Characteristics of receptor- and transducer-coupled activation of the intracellular signalling in sensory neuron revealed by atomic force microscopy (2017)

The mechanical properties of sensory neurons upon activation of intracellular cascade processes by comenic acid binding to a membrane opioid-like receptor (receptor-coupled), as well as a very low (endogenous) concentration of ouabain (transducer-coupled), have been investigated. Using atomic force microscopy, it is established that exposure to ouabain, in contrast to the impact of comenic acid, leads to a hardening of the neuron soma. This suggests that the receptor-coupled signal transmission to the cell genome is carried out through mechanisms that are different from the transducer-coupled signal pathways.
The road to chiral amplification in polymers originated in Italy (1997)

The fact that stereoregular polymers produced by Ziegler-Natta polymerization methods could be crystallized and studied by X-ray diffraction methods lead to the discovery that these polymers adopted helical conformations in the crystalline solid. In addition to the nearly perfect asymmetric synthesis demonstrated by the highly isotactic stereoregularity produced by the catalyst, the conformation adopted in the crystalline state also involves chirality. The large number of units polymerized produced though gives rise to a cryptochiral material in which the mirror helical conformations are necessarily equally populated and therefore the measurement of optical activity can never be a consideration in these experiments. At that time though Natta's students began to prepare stereoregular vinyl polymers with chiral nonracemic pendant groups and discovered that the optical activities of such materials in solution showed nonlinear relationships between enantiomeric content and optical activity. This phenomenon arising from the effect of the chiral pendants on the population of the helical senses of the polymer backbone, acted to demonstrate that these stereoregular polymers adopted helical conformations in solution comparable to those investigated in the solid state. In recent times this effect has reached an extreme in the polyisocyanates which show a much larger sensitivity to chiral effects than found for the vinyl polymers although the underlying forces at work are identical to those studied earlier by the Italian School. Chirality 9:424–427, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electron-ion collisions in intensely illuminated plasmas (1996)

In the presence of a high-frequency intense uniform electric field, the collisions of electrons with ions can be made more frequent or less frequent, depending on the polarization of the hf field, the direction and magnitude of particle velocity, and the ratio of the plasma Debye length to the size of the electron oscillation in the hf field. The stimulated bremsstrahlung emission is calculated for both circularly and linearly polarized fields.
Die Expression der mikrosomalen Epoxidhydrolase im primären Mammakarzinom ist ein Prädiktor der Tamoxifentherapie (2005)

Zielsetzung: Für Östrogenrezeptor (ER) positive Mammakarzinome stellt die Anti-Östrogentherapie mit Tamoxifen eine wichtige Therapie-Option dar. Dabei sprechen jedoch 1/3 der Patientinnen nicht auf eine Therapie an. In einer Hypothese generierenden Studie mit relativ geringem Umfang (n=178) konnten wir zeigen, dass die Expression von mikrosomaler Epoxidhydrolase (mEH) einen negativen prädiktiven Faktor für das Ansprechen einer Tamoxifentherapie darstellt. An einem zweiten unabhängigen Patientinnenkollektiv soll die ursprüngliche Hypothese bestätigt werden.
Effect of Botanicals on Inflammation and Skin Aging: Analyzing the Evidence (2014)

The skin and its immune system manifest a decline in physiologic function as it undergoes aging. External insults such as ultraviolet light exposure cause inflammation, which may enhance skin aging even further leading to cancer and signs of photoaging. There is a potential role for botanicals as an adjunct modality in the prevention of skin aging. Numerous over-the-counter anti-aging products are commercially available, many of which boast unverified claims to reduce stress, inflammation and correct signs of aging. In this article we reviewed the scientific literature for data on frequently published "anti-inflammaging" additives such as vitamins A, C and E and green tea. We also analyzed the evidence available on five promising ingredients commonly found in anti-aging products, namely, argan oil, rosemary, pomegranate, Coenzyme Q10, and Coffeeberry. Though there may be an increasing amount of scientific data on a few of these novel botanicals, in general, there remains a lack of clinical data to support the anti-aging claims made.
Oxidative Stability of Crude and Refined Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Oil during Accelerated Storage (2019)

Kenaf seed oil has been suggested to be used as edible oil but there is limited information available about the oxidative stability of refined kenaf seed oil. An oxidative stability test was performed on crude and refined kenaf seed oil under accelerated storage at 65C for 24 days. The results showed that refined oil underwent higher oxidation than the crude oil, as indicated by the peroxide value (40.55 meq/kg), p-Anisidine value (18.78) and total oxidation value (99.87) in refined oil at day 24. There was no significant difference in the free fatty acid value in refined oil during the accelerated storage. Oleic acid remained the most abundant in the fatty acid composition of kenaf seed oil, followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid during storage. The unsaturated fatty acids decreased slightly coupled with a slight increase in the saturated fatty acids in kenaf seed oil during storage. Refining process decreased the oxidative stability of kenaf seed oil, but the refined kenaf seed oil was able to maintain good quality in free fatty acid value and fatty acid composition.
Predominance of hemodynamic rather than metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy. (1985)

Six groups of Munich-Wistar rats underwent micropuncture study 2-10 weeks and morphologic studies 11-13 months after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or after sham treatment. Diabetic rats received diets containing 6% (group D6), 12% (D12), or 50% protein (D50) and were maintained under similar conditions of moderate hyperglycemia by daily injections of ultralente insulin. Age- and weight-matched normal control rats were also given 6% (Group N6), 12% (N12), or 50% protein (N50). Kidney weight, whole-kidney and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, glomerular plasma flow, and mean glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference were higher in D50 rats than in all other groups and predisposed this group to marked and progressive albuminuria. Likewise, histological examination of the kidneys disclosed areas of sclerosis in 19.6% of glomeruli in D50 rats; the frequency of such lesions was less than 2.5% in all other groups. These findings indicate that the metabolic disorder seen in stable, moderately hyperglycemic diabetic rats does not lead to glomerulopathy as long as elevations in glomerular pressures and flows are prevented.