gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Mature ADAM17 by Redox Agents for L-Selectin Shedding (2009)

L-selectin is constitutively expressed by neutrophils and plays a key role in directing these cells to sites of inflammation. Upon neutrophil activation, L-selectin is rapidly and efficiently down-regulated from the cell surface by ectodomain shedding. We have directly shown that A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is a primary and nonredundant sheddase of L-selection by activated neutrophils in vivo. Following cell activation, intracellular signals lead to the induction of ADAM17's enzymatic activity; however, the target of this inducer mechanism remains unclear. Our study provides evidence of an activation mechanism that involves the extracellular region of the mature form of cell surface ADAM17 and not its intracellular region. We demonstrate that the catalytic activity of purified ADAM17 lacking a prodomain and its intracellular region is diminished under mild reducing conditions by DTT and enhanced by H(2)O(2) oxidation. Moreover, H(2)O(2) reversed ADAM17 inhibition by DTT. The treatment of neutrophils with H(2)O(2) also induced L-selectin shedding in an ADAM17-dependent manner. These findings suggest that thiol-disulfide conversion occurring in the extracellular region of ADAM17 may be involved in its activation. An analysis of ADAM17 revealed that within its disintegrin/cysteine-rich region are two highly conserved, vicinal cysteine sulfhydryl motifs (cysteine-X-X-cysteine), which are well-characterized targets for thiol-disulfide exchange in various other proteins. Using a cell-based ADAM17 reconstitution assay, we demonstrate that the cysteine-X-X-cysteine motifs are critical for L-selectin cleavage. Taken together, our findings suggest that reduction-oxidation modifications of cysteinyl sulfhydryl groups in mature ADAM17 may serve as a mechanism for regulating the shedding of L-selectin following neutrophil stimulation.
Ship tracking by HF radar in coastal waters (2016)

Maritime domain awareness is important for coastal nations in terms of applications to coastal conservancy, security, fishery and stewardship of their exclusive economic zones (EEZs). Maritime situational awareness involves knowing the location, speed, course and identity of ships and boats in the EEZ. HF radar is a useful tool in providing ship information in real time. It is especially effective when combined with information from ship-borne AIS beacons. However, ship detection by AIS alone is limited to ships with AIS beacons broadcasting. HF radar does not have this limitation, but is hampered by false targets related to wave echoes, interference and the high variability of HF echoes from ships. We have developed a ship detection and tracking system that accepts Codar SeaSonde range file data as input and proceeds through a ship detection algorithm to produce a target file every time step (range, radial speed and azimuth for each ship-like target). A Kalman filter algorithm is applied to the time history of target files to produce ship tracks as well as to remove false alarms. We demonstrate this ship tracking system using radar data from the Pescadero CA station in the COCMP HF radar network along the California coast. Available AIS data are used to verify the target locations and ship tracks. Although improvements are needed, we can now demonstrate a working end-to-end HF radar system for tracking non-cooperating ships in coastal waters using standard, Codar-SeaSonde-HF-radar output and software developed by the authors.
Performance evaluation of a new hybrid modeling technique for handwriting recognition using identical on-line and off-line data (1999)

The paper deals with the performance evaluation of a novel hybrid approach to large vocabulary cursive handwriting recognition and contains various innovations. 1) It presents the investigation of a new hybrid approach to handwriting recognition, consisting of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and neural networks trained with a special information theory based training criterion. This approach has only been recently introduced successfully to online handwriting recognition and is now investigated for the first time for offline recognition. 2) The hybrid approach is extensively compared to traditional HMM modeling techniques and the superior performance of the new hybrid approach is demonstrated. 3) The data for the comparison has been obtained from a database containing online handwritten data which has been converted to offline data. Therefore, a multiple evaluation has been carried out, incorporating the comparison of different modeling techniques and the additional comparison of each technique for online and offline recognition, using a unique database. The results confirm that online recognition leads to better recognition results due to the dynamic information of the data, but also show that it is possible to obtain recognition rates for offline recognition that are close to the results obtained for online recognition. Furthermore, it can be shown that for both online and offline recognition, the new hybrid approach clearly outperforms the competing traditional HMM techniques. It is also shown that the new hybrid approach yields superior results for the offline recognition of machine printed multifont characters.
Task Allocation and Route Planning for Robotic Service Networks in Indoor Building Environments (2017)

Robots have become increasingly pervasive in day-to-day life, simplifying several monotonous and mundane tasks in indoor environments. With increasing applications being developed for domestic service robots, recent research emphasis has shifted to autonomous indoor robots. Route planning (determining optimal routes to visit multiple locations) and task allocation (optimally dividing the tasks assigned among a group of robots) are two of the critical aspects that have to be accomplished by single and multiple autonomous robotic systems. Previous studies have attempted to adapt existing algorithms used in outdoor logistics applications and modify them with context-specific assumptions, often leading to inefficient or suboptimal solutions. This paper addresses these issues and proposes a generalized framework to solve the route-planning and task-allocation problems for centrally located service robots charged with spatiotemporal tasks in complex built environments. A scenario analysis is conducted to compare the performance of existing algorithms with the developed approach for route planning in building-monitoring robots. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in a range of applications involving constraints on both the environment (e.g., path obstructions) and robot capabilities (e.g., maximum travel distance on single charge).
Performance of TOA and FOA-based localization for Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue signals (2013)

This work studies the performance of position estimation for distress beacons using time of arrival and frequency of arrival measurements. The analysis is conducted for emergency signals modeled as pulses with sigmoidal transitions. This model has shown interesting properties for Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue signals. The modified Cramér-Rao bounds of the symbol width, time of arrival, frequency of arrival, and position of this model are presented. Simulations conducted with realistic signals indicate good agreement between these bounds and the mean square errors of the estimated parameters.
Fischer‒Tropsch Conversion of Biomass‐Derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels (2015)

Research on catalysts for biomass conversion by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is mostly aimed at achieving better understanding of the effects of impurities in the synthesis gas and also the effects of different synthesis gas compositions. The benefit of cobalt catalysts is higher CO conversion per pass and also longer catalyst lifetime. Iron-based catalysts containing SiO2 and TiO2 appears to have low activity and selectivity toward heavier hydrocarbons in CO2-rich feeds, while Al2O3 promoted catalysts seem to retain more of its activity and selectivity. The availability of biomass feedstock and transportation costs will have an effect on biomass to liquid (BTL) fuels plant scale and design. A consensus on the optimal approach is not yet established. The benefit of costs of scale with increasing plant size significantly outweighs the higher transportation costs of biomass with increasing size.
Integrated-optics strip modulators made of LiNbO3 (1980)

An interference modulator utilizing strip waveguides in an LiNbO3 crystal was developed and investigated. The amplitude characteristics were studied and an analysis was made of the frequency characteristics. It was found experimentally that this modulator was not critically affected by temperature variations.
P4‐122: Statistical Analysis of Automated Hippocampal Volumes in ADNI Dataset Reveals Center and Group Variability (2010)

Hippocampal (HC) atrophy is a key diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While manual segmentation by trained raters is the reference standard procedure for assessing HC volumes, a number of computer-based techniques have been proposed to automate this task. It is known in manual studies that different anatomical definitions and protocols result in heterogeneous estimates of normal HC volumes, from 2 to 5.3 cm3 (Geuze et al., Mol Psychiatry 2005;10:147-59). Our goal was to assess this variability by Centres and diagnostic Groups (AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls (CTRL)) for automatically generated HC volumes. We downloaded automatically generated left and right HC volume data from the ADNI dataset (last access: Nov. 2009) for three different Centers: UCSF (FreeSurfer); UCSD (Semi-automated diffeomorphism); and U of Az. (SPM). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (Cary, NC, USA). The total number of subjects available in the study was 766, from which 531 subjects had data from all three Centers. Summary statistics are presented in Table 1. Two-way ANOVA for left HC volumes showed statistically significant Center (p < 0.0001) and Group effects (p < 0.0001), as well as a weak interaction (Figure 1) leading to a significant Center by Group effect (p = 0.0001). Similar testing on right HC volumes showed equally significant Center (p < 0.0001) and Group effects (p < 0.0001), with smaller interaction (Figure 2) yet significant Center by Group effect (p = 0.0045).
Detection of PAX8–PPARG fusion transcripts in archival thyroid carcinoma samples by conventional RT‐PCR (2011)

The t(2;3)(q13;p25) occurs in a subgroup of follicular-patterned thyroid tumors and leads to a fusion of the genes encoding for the thyroid-specific transcription factor paired box 8 (PAX8) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Although initially discovered in follicular carcinomas (FTC), the fusion transcripts were also detected in a small fraction of follicular adenomas and rarely in follicular variants of papillary carcinomas (FV-PTC). In most RT-PCR based studies, fresh or snap-frozen tissue samples were used. The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the detection of chimeric PAX8-PPARG transcripts in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) thyroid tumor samples by conventional RT-PCR. For this purpose, RNA from FFPE samples of 21 FTC, seven FV-PTC, and one bone metastasis derived from an FTC was subjected to RT-PCR with subsequent gel electrophoretic separation of the products. Fusion transcripts were detected in 2/21 primary FTC (9.5%) and in the bone metastasis, but they were undetectable in all seven FV-PTC under investigation. The RT-PCR approach described herein allows to detect all known variants of PAX8-PPARG fusion transcripts and is applicable to FFPE tissues. Thus, it can be used to screen archival thyroid tumor samples for the gene fusion.
Supplemental Figure 1 from 5MeCDDO Blocks Metabolic Activation but not Progression of Breast, Intestine, and Tongue Cancers. Is Antioxidant Response Element a Prevention Target? (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Varied Chemical Structures of ARE Agonist&lt;/p&gt;
Novel Markers for the Prospective Isolation of Human MSC (2007)

The isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from primary tissue is hampered by the limited selectivity of available markers. So far, CD271 is one of the most specific markers for bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC. In search of additional markers, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with specificity for immature cells were screened by flow cytometry for their specific reactivity with the rare CD271(+) population. The recognized CD271(+) populations were fractionated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the clonogenic capacity of the sorted cells was analyzed for their ability to give rise to CFU-F. The results showed that only the CD271(bright) but not the CD271(dim) population contained CFU-F. Two-color flow cytometry analysis revealed that only the CD271(bright) population was positive for the established MSC markers CD10, CD13, CD73, and CD105. In addition, a variety of mAbs specific for novel and partially unknown antigens selectively recognized the CD271(bright) population but no other BM cells. The new MSC-specific molecules included the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (CD140b), HER-2/erbB2 (CD340), frizzled-9 (CD349), the recently described W8B2 antigen, as well as cell-surface antigens defined by the antibodies W1C3, W3D5, W4A5, W5C4, W5C5, W7C6, 9A3, 58B1, F9-3C2F1, and HEK-3D6. In conclusion, the described markers are suitable for the prospective isolation of highly purified BM-MSC. These MSC may be used as an improved starting population for transplantation in diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta, cartilage repair, and myocardial infarction.
New Serotonin 5-HT6Ligands from Common Feature Pharmacophore Hypotheses (2007)

Serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonists are thought to play an important role in the treatment of psychiatry, Alzheimer's disease, and probably obesity. To find novel and potent 5-HT6 antagonists and to provide a new idea for drug design, we used a ligand-based pharmacophore to perform the virtual screening of a commercially available database. A three-dimensional common feature pharmacophore model was developed by using the HipHop program provided in Catalyst software and was used as a query for screening the database. A recursive partitioning (RP) model which can separate active and inactive compounds was used as a filtering system. Finally a sequential virtual screening procedure (SQSP) was conducted, wherein both the common feature pharmacophore and the RP model were used in succession to improve the results. Some of the hits were selected based on druglikeness, ADME properties, structural diversity, and synthetic accessibility for real biological evaluation. The best hit compound showed a significant IC50 value of 9.6 nM and can be used as a lead for further drug development.
Interaction between heat-stable hemolytic substance from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and porcine pulmonary macrophages in vitro (1986)

Cytocidal and anti-phagocytic effects of the heat-stable hemolytic substance produced in culture supernatant by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 on porcine pulmonary macrophages (PMP) were investigated in vitro. The substance was partially purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and it seems to be a carbohydrate. The partially purified preparation of the heat-stable carbohydrate with hemolytic activity was used as H. pleuropneumoniae hemolysin throughout this study. Viability of the PMP cells exposed to hemolysin with a hemolytic unit of 32 decreased by about 35% during the first 30-min exposure. The response was hemolysin dose- and exposure time-dependent and was neutralized by the anti-hemolysin antiserum. The PMP cells were found to be the most sensitive to hemolysin among the pulmonary, peritoneal, and peripheral blood macrophages obtained from the same animal. Heat treatment of the hemolytic substance in the culture supernatant at 121 degrees C for 2 h did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) alter the cytocidal and hemolytic activities. Pretreatment of the PMP cells with hemolysin at a sublethal dose significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced their phagocytic abilities. Thus, the heat-stable carbohydrate H. pleuropneumoniae hemolysin appears to possess the potential for both cytocidal and antiphagocytic effects on the PMP cells. Death and impaired phagocytosis of the PMP cells by the hemolysin, if it occurs in vivo, would enhance the chances of survival for an invading H. pleuropneumoniae organism. These findings promote understanding of the pathogenesis of pleuropneumonia caused by H. pleuropneumoniae in swine.
Biaxial orientation of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate): An Explorative Study (2018)

International audience
Energy Management Strategies for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) differ from hybrid vehicles (HEVs) with their ability to use off-board electricity generation to recharge their energy storage systems. In addition to possessing charge-sustaining HEV operation capability, PHEVs use the stored electrical energy during a charge-depleting operating period to displace a significant amount of petroleum consumption. The particular operating strategy employed during the charge-depleting mode will significantly influence the component attributes and the value of the PHEV technology. This paper summarizes three potential energy management strategies, and compares the implications of selecting one strategy over another in the context of the aggressiveness and distance of the duty cycle over which the vehicle will likely operate.&lt;/div&gt;
BAC and PAC DNA for the Generation of Transgenic Animals (2002)

RNA removal was incomplete, and pigmented or oily residues were carried through with the DNA.
The Effect of Thrombin Inhibitors on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Induced Thrombolysis in a Rat Model (1992)

Successful coronary thrombolysis depends on rapidly restoring blood flow and maintaining patency of the infarct-related artery. Although widely used as an adjunct to lytic therapy, heparin is limited in its ability to produce these effects. Since the limitations of heparin may reflect its inability to inactivate clot-bound thrombin, we developed a rat model of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) induced thrombolysis to compare doses of heparin, hirudin, hirulog (a synthetic hirudin-derived peptide), and D-Phe-Pro-ArgCH2Cl (PPACK) that produced a 4-fold prolongation of the baseline activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) with saline in terms of their ability to accelerate thrombolysis and to prevent reocclusion. A thrombus rich in red cells and fibrin was formed in the distal aorta by applying an external constrictor after denuding the endothelium with a balloon catheter. Thrombolysis was induced with t-PA (1 mg/kg bolus, followed by 1 mg kg-1 h-1 over 30 min) and the rats were then randomized to receive a concomitant 80 min infusion of a thrombin inhibitor or saline. By continuously monitoring blood flow and pre- and post-stenotic blood pressures, the time to clot lysis, and the number of reocclusions were determined. Compared to saline, heparin had no significant effect on these variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cover Feature: Efficient Blue Phosphorescence in Gold(I)‐Acetylide Functionalized Coinage Metal Bis(amidinate) Complexes (Chem. Eur. J. 70/2020) (2020)

The synthesis of linear symmetric ethynyl- and acetylide- amidinates of the coinage metals is presented. Their photophysical properties were thoroughly investigated over a temperature range of 20—295 K. All compounds show azure, bright blue, or blue-green microsecond-long phosphorescence in the solid state. Short lifetimes and quantum yields of up to 41 % were determined. Furthermore, the complexes show pronounced PL in thf solution as well. The KIT logo on the cover represents photography of some of the substances under irradiation with UV-light. More information can be found in the Full Paper by P. W. Roesky et al. on page 16676.
Protein kinase activity in commercially available crystalline yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (1973)

Commercially available crystalline yeast alcohol dehydrogenase contained protein kinase activity. Casein and phosvitin were readily phosphorylated, but whole calf thymus histone was not. The protein kinase activity was inhibited by KCl, was not stimulated by cyclic AMP and could be separated from the alcohol dehydrogenase activity by sucrose density centrifugation.
Tenascin-X, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, and the CAH-X Syndrome (2018)

Mutations of the CYP21A2 gene encoding adrenal 21-hydroxylase cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The CYP21A2 gene is partially overlapped by the TNXB gene, which encodes an extracellular matrix protein called Tenascin-X (TNX). Mutations affecting both alleles of TNXB cause a severe, autosomal recessive form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Rarely, patients with severe, salt-wasting CAH have deletions of CYP21A2 that extend into TNXB, resulting in a "contiguous gene syndrome" consisting of CAH and EDS. Heterozygosity for TNXB mutations causing haploinsufficiency of TNX may be associated with the mild "hypermobility form" of EDS, which principally affects small and large joints. Studies of patients with salt-wasting CAH found that up to 10% had clinical features of EDS, associated joint hypermobility, haploinsufficiency of TNX and heterozygosity for TNXB mutations, now called "CAH-X." These patients have joint hypermobility and a spectrum of other comorbidities associated with their connective tissue disorder, including chronic arthralgia, joint subluxations, hernias, and cardiac defects. Other disorders are beginning to be associated with TNX deficiency, including familial vesicoureteral reflux and neurologic disorders. Further work is needed to delineate the full spectrum of TNX-deficient disorders, with and without associated CAH.
The Supercloud: Applying Internet Design Principles to Interconnecting Clouds (2018)

Just like we have small dedicated networks in houses, cars, factories, etc., we will have small clouds in all these places. We need a way to glue all these clouds together into a single worldwide infrastructure. The Cloud Abstraction Layer could provide such glue.
Ground layer correction: the heart of LINC-NIRVANA (2014)

The delivered image quality of ground-based telescopes depends greatly on atmospheric turbulence. At every observatory, the majority of the turbulence (up to 60-80% of the total) occurs in the ground layer of the atmosphere, that is, the first few hundred meters above the telescope pupil. Correction of these perturbations can, therefore, greatly increase the quality of the image. We use Ground-layer Wavefront Sensors (GWSs) to sense the ground layer turbulence for the LINC-NIRVANA (LN) instrument, which is in its final integration phase before shipment to the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) on Mt. Graham in Arizona.<sup>19</sup> LN is an infrared Fizeau interferometer, equipped with an advanced Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) module, capable of delivering images with a spatial resolution equivalent to that of a ~23m diameter telescope. It exploits the Layer-Oriented, Multiple Field of View, MCAO approach<sup>3</sup> and uses only natural guide stars for the correction. The GWS has more than 100 degrees of freedom. There are opto-mechanical complexities at the level of sub- systems, the GWS as a whole, and at the interface with the telescope. Also, there is a very stringent requirement on the superposition of the pupils on the detector. All these conditions make the alignment of the GWS very demanding and crucial. In this paper, we discuss the alignment and integration of the left-eye GWS of LN and detail the various tests done in the lab at INAF-Padova to verify proper system operation and performance.