gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung eines autarken Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) mit fahrzeugbasierten Crowd-Ansatz (2017)

Aktuelle Fahrzeugnetzwerke (CAN, MOST, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet, etc.) bildeten bisher ein durch die Fahrzeugabmessungen begrenztes eigenständiges Ökosystem. Mit der zunehmenden Vernetzung von Fahrzeugen ändert sich dies seit geraumer Zeit. Fahrzeuge werden immer mehr zu digitalen Kommunikationsobjekten, die ihre Daten mit Backendsystemen oder anderen Fahrzeugen austauschen. Viele Unternehmen in der Automobilindustrie sehen sich zunehmend Gefahren ausgesetzt, die bisher aus der Welt der globalen IP Vernetzung bekannt waren, der Gefahr von Hackerangriffen. Die zunehmende Vernetzung von Fahrzeugen durch • Einführung mobiler Online Dienste • Einführung von kostenpflichtigen Funktionalitäten und Services • Gesetzmäßig vorgeschriebene Einführung des emergency calls (eCall) • Vorbereitung der Schnittstellen in Richtung des autonomen Fahrens führt dazu, dass die Fahrzeuge in immer stärkerem Maße mit ihrer Umgebung kommunizieren. Diese neu geschaffenen Schnittstellen können im Falle vorhandener Schwachstellen von Angreifern ausgenutzt werden, so dass Fahrzeugfunktionen im Sinne des Angreifers manipuliert werden können. Während HTTP bzw. HTTPS Verbindungen über die Luftschnittstelle relativ gut über etablierte Verfahren abgesichert werden können, findet man im Netzwerkverkehr im Fahrzeug, historisch bedingt, kaum derartige Sicherheitskonzepte. Diese Schachstellen wurden von OEMs und Tier1s bereits identifiziert, deshalb versucht man aktuell auch innerhalb des bestehenden Fahrzeugnetzwerkes Verschlüsselungstechnologien einzusetzen. Diese setzen sich allerdings noch zögerlich durch und führen ohnehin nur dazu, dass sich das Problem von Cyberangriffen auf eine höhere Komplexitätsstufe verschiebt, das grundsätzliche Problem bleibt nach wie vor bestehen.
Translating Evidence Into Practice (2007)

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Using building cooling for load shifting on a 5-minute wholesale energy market (2023)

To achieve carbon neutrality there must be a significant increase in the proportion of renewable generation. Energy storage and demand flexibility will accommodate more solar and wind generation. Some energy markets in Australia, northern Europe and the USA have moved or are moving to a 5-min settlement period to increase energy flexibility. Commercial building’s HVAC systems could capitalise on new market conditions through 5-min load shifting strategies that have negligible impact on occupant comfort. Here the effectiveness HVAC load shifting strategies for cost arbitrage in 5-min wholesale electrical energy markets are examined. Five strategies are compared using global zone setpoint adjustment and chilled water leaving setpoint adjustment. Results show significant energy flexibility can be achieved without violating occupant comfort. High priced 5-min settlement periods can be successfully coasted over with no HVAC energy consumption for temperatures under 36 °C. Over a 10 week period the case study achieved 14.2% energy cost savings. • Primary chilled water used as energy storage for 5-min cost arbitrage. • Global zone setpoint nudging simulated for energy cost arbitrage. • A building’s cooling can coast over high priced 5-min periods. • Energy cost reductions of 14.2% without impacting comfort using load shifting.
UbC-StarTrack, a clonal method to target the entire progeny of individual progenitors (2016)

Clonal cell analysis defines the potential of single cells and the diversity they can produce. To achieve this, we have developed a novel adaptation of the genetic tracing strategy, UbC-StarTrack, which attributes a specific and unique color-code to single neural precursors, allowing all their progeny to be tracked. We used integrable fluorescent reporters driven by a ubiquitous promoter in PiggyBac-based vectors to achieve inheritable and stable clonal cell labeling. In addition, coupling this to an inducible Cre-LoxP system avoids the expression of non-integrated reporters. To assess the utility of this system, we first analyzed images of combinatorial expression of fluorescent reporters in transfected cells and their progeny. We also validated the efficiency of the UbC-StarTrack to trace cell lineages through in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo strategies. Finally, progenitors located in the lateral ventricles were targeted at embryonic or postnatal stages to determine the diversity of neurons and glia they produce, and their clonal relationships. In this way we demonstrate that UbC-StarTrack can be used to identify all the progeny of a single cell and that it can be employed in a wide range of contexts.
한,중 경제협력 10주년에 대한 평가와 향후 과제에 대한 일고 (2002)

한중 양국간의 경제협력은 오래지 않은 시간에도 불구하고 협력적 동반자로서 손색이 없는 단계에 도달하였다고 평가할 수 있다. 특히 무역과 투자분야에 있어 양국간 협력은 비약적인 발전을 이룩해 왔다. 중국은 우리 기업들이 가장 선호하는 투자대상국가로서 현재까지 88억달러(신고기준 7,520건)가 넘는 투자허가가 이루어졌으며, 실제로 투자된 금액은 54억달러를 넘어서 이미 우리의 주력 투자기업들이 중국내 500대 외자기업에 포함되어 있다. 이를 바탕으로 양국간 교역규모도 연평균 20%이상의 높은 증가율을 유지하면서 중국은 미국, 일본에 이어 우리나라의 3번째 교역국으로 부상하였다. 중국의 입장에서도 한국은 일본, 미국, 홍콩에 이어 4번째 무역상대국으로 매년 우리제품의 10%이상이 중국으로 수출되고 있다. 현재와 같은 양국간 교역 증가추세가 지속될 경우 2005년에는 양국간 교역규모가 현재의 두배 수준에 달하는 600억달러에 이를 것으로 전망되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 양국간 경제 교류의 증가와는 달리 해외시장에서 한중 양국 제품간 경쟁은 날로 심화되고 있다. 특히 한국의 전통적 수출시장인 미국, 일본 등 선진국에서 중국은 저가의 공산품을 앞세워 적어도 시장점유율 면에서는 한국 제품을 이미 추월한 것으로 나타났다. 물론 한국제품의 대중 수출과 직접투자의 증가가 중국산 제품의 가격 및 품질경쟁력을 제고시키는데 일정한 기여를 하였고, 중국과의 교역에서 발생하는 무역흑자가 제3국의 시장에서 중국제품과의 경쟁에 따른 수출 감소를 일정부분 상쇄하는 역할을 하였다고도 볼 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 메커니즘을 고려하지 않는다면 해외시장에서 한·중 양국의 경쟁이 격화되고 있는 것은 우리의 입장에서 결코 바람직하다고 볼 수 없다. 따라서 본고에서는 한·중 수교 10주년을 즈음하여 지난 10년간 추진되 온 양국간 경제교류협력의 결과를 평가하고, 동시에 교류협력 과정에서 노정되어 온 각종 현안을 재검토함으로써 21세기 한중 경제협력의 뉴 패러다임을 위한 새로운 과제를 제시해 보고자 한다.
Deuterated Drugs (2015)

Many drugs are carbon-based, and carbon-hydrogen bonding is particularly relevant for understanding important properties of drug molecules. Deuteration refers to the selective replacement of protium hydrogen isotope atoms in small-molecule drugs with deuterium hydrogen isotope atoms. Deuteration of a drug is most likely to affect pharmacokinetic properties, such as metabolism, rather than its pharmacodynamic effects. For this reason, the metabolism of certain drugs may be favorably influenced when deuterium is substituted for protium, resulting in improved safety, tolerability, or efficacy. Examples of deuterated drugs that have been evaluated in clinical studies include paroxetine, tetrabenazine, and dextromethorphan.
Adsorptions physique et chimique d’éthanol sur un catalyseur silice-alumine synthétique par une méthode dynamique (1968)

L’adsorption d’éthanol est étudiée par la méthode frontale. On distingue deux types d’adsorption : réversible et irréversible. Cette dernière est une adsorption chimique forte (Qa > 30 kcal/ mole) que l’on peut relier aux sites producteurs d’éthylène. L’adsorption réversible peut elle-même être divisée en adsorption physique (Qa = 14 kcal/mole), prépondérante à basse température, et adsorption chimique faible (Qa = 17 kcal / mole) détectable au-dessus de 100 °C. Cette dernière adsorption suit une loi de Langmuir de type θ = aP0,5 (l + aP0,5) ce qui suppose une adsorption dissociante de l’éthanol.
High directivity at broadside with new radiators made of dielectric EBG materials (2006)

In this paper, two different kinds of EBG materials are considered that support slowly attenuating, very fast, leaky waves, such that they produce a narrow beam at broadside. Here, the EBG material is not used as a cover of a Fabry-Perot cavity, as in B. Temelkuaran et al. (2000) and A.L. Feherembach et al. (2001), but it is the EBG material itself that supports the excited leaky wave. The two proposed structures are planar and they are excited by a transverse elementary dipole, though other excitations like slots in the ground plane would lead to the same conclusions. The EBGs are made of only a dielectric material layer over a ground plane, though the same radiation performances could be achieved also without the ground plane in case an all-dielectric structure is required. The proposed designs may lead to the following advantages: they can be made of only dielectric materials and they can be used at frequencies where metals have not negligible losses; they are planar and easy to build; they are excited by a single source so no complicated feeding network has to be designed; with a proper design very high directivity can be achieved, usually with the drawback of reduced frequency bandwidth
Estimating the Rate of Cesarean Section by Maternal Request (2009)

The findings of a recent population-based study in Australia suggested that elective cesarean delivery of a singleton pregnancy at term without medical or obstetric indications (cesarean delivery by maternal request) may represent a significant proportion of cesarean births in that country. Maternal request cesarean section has been the subject of much debate in both the lay and the medical press, but there is little useful data on this issue in the medical literature. Worldwide estimates on its frequency are unreliable because of differences between studies in the definition used, diagnostic coding, and documentation by obstetricians. Maternal request cesareans in the era predating the current high rates of cesarean section were estimated to account for 4% to 18% of all cesarean deliveries. To address this issue, the investigators estimated the rate of cesarean section by maternal request in Australia using 2 anonymous 1-page postal surveys, one for all 1239 specialist obstetricians and the other for all 317 registered obstetric trainees (residents) in Australia. The specialists were asked whether they perform cesarean delivery by maternal request and if so, how many maternal request cesareans they performed in the previous year. Trainees were asked if they would perform such deliveries in their future practice. A reminder letter with the questionnaire enclosed was sent 6 weeks after first mailing. Measures were taken to avoid having any practitioners answer the survey more than once. The response rate for specialists was 99% and for trainees was 81%. From the specialist responses, it was estimated that between 8553 and 12,434 maternal request cesarean sections were performed in 2006. Using the lowest estimate (8553) in calculations, maternal request accounted for 17.3% of all elective cesarean sections and 3.2% of all births in that year. The likelihood of agreeing to perform maternal request cesarean deliveries was higher among specialists who were 10 or less years from qualification. Two-third of trainees expressed the intention of doing such cesareans in their future practice. These findings support the hypothesis that maternal request cesareans make a significant contribution to the overall rate of cesarean deliveries in Australia.
Carbohydrate-based block copolymer self-assemblies: Sub_10nm highly nanostructured thin films (2016)

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Review of Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures by Ben C. Gerwick Jr.Construction of Marine and Offshore StructuresCRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group$130 (2007)

This is one of the most definitive references available on marine construction. This comprehensive book covers all major aspects of the construction process for a variety of waterborne structures, including marine, offshore, coastal, riverine, and arctic engineering structures. The late Professor Gerwick has substantially revised the previous edition of his Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures book by extensively augmenting this third edition to include recent developments in these rapidly expanding engineering fields. With the added chapters and improvements, the third edition becomes a necessary reference book for all marine and civil engineers and corporations involved in planning, building, and maintaining structures in water environments. This book is an authoritative guide because it addresses many aspects of the current state of practice in easily understandable style, presenting the most comprehensive treatment of the construction process for marine and offshore structures. The author starts with design factors and planning considerations and describes many issues affecting the building of different types of structures in a marine environment. In addition, the book includes chapters on construction and maintenance of coastal and inland waterway structures and pays special attention to recent advances for ice-resistant structures, dams and locks, and bridge foundations. A number of the latest developments in materials and techniques are also described in this new edition that should be of great interest to engineers in the oil and service industries, as well as marine construction planners, designers, and contractors. To retain the volume’s standing as a complete authoritative resource, the author has incorporated into this edition many changes related to techniques, tools, and materials that have found their way into marine and offshore engineering practice. Topics with expanded coverage include construction equipment, marine operations, steel and concrete offshore platforms, cables and flexible or rigid pipelines and risers, tubes tunnels , walls, piles, rubble-mound breakwaters, precast armor units in coasts, repairs and strengthening existing structures, and removal and salvage. The author also provides new information on novel technologies, methods, materials, liquefaction of loose sediments, scour and erosion, ultra-high-performance concrete, H-piles and high-performance steel, cracking and corrosion, and construction in remote areas. He presents an interesting insight to archaeological concerns and damage from sabotage and terrorism, since these are important elements of the construction process. For marine construction planners, designers, contractors, ocean, coastal, and marine engineers involved in constructing waterborne structures, this book describes effec-
Observation of Saturation of Energy Transfer between Copropagating Beams in a Flowing Plasma (2002)

Experiments demonstrate energy and power transfer between copropagating, same frequency, beams crossing at a small angle in a plasma with a Mach 1 flow. The process is interpreted as amplification of the low intensity probe beam by the stimulated scatter of the high intensity pump beam. The observed probe amplification increases slowly with pump intensity and decreases with probe intensity, indicative of saturation limiting the energy and power transfer due to ion-wave nonlinearities and localized pump depletion. The results are consistent with numerical modeling including ion-wave nonlinearities.
Safety and efficacy of l‐histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli (NITE BP‐02526) for all animal species (2019)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced by fermentation with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (NITE BP-02526) when used as a nutritional additive or as a feed flavouring compound in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The product under assessment is l-histidine HCl H<sub>2</sub>O produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of <i>E. coli</i> (NITE BP-02526). The production strain and its recombinant DNA were not detected in the final products. l-Histidine HCl H<sub>2</sub>O does not give rise to any safety concern to the production strain. The use of l-histidine HCl H<sub>2</sub>O is safe for the target species when used to supplement the diet in appropriate amounts. It is safe at the proposed use level of 25 mg/kg when used as a flavouring compound for all animal species. The use of l-histidine HCl H<sub>2</sub>O in animal nutrition raises no safety concerns for consumers of animal products. The additive is not irritating to the skin or eyes and is not a skin sensitiser. There is a risk for persons handling the additive from the exposure to endotoxins by inhalation. The use of l-histidine as a feed additive does not represent a risk to the environment. The additive l-histidine HCl H<sub>2</sub>O is regarded as an effective source of the amino acid l-histidine when used as a nutritional additive. For the supplemental l-histidine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it requires protection against degradation in the rumen. It is also considered efficacious as a feed flavouring compound under the proposed conditions of use.
Optical Crossbar Interconnection Using Vertical-To-Surface Transmission Electro-Photonic Devices (Vstep) (1989)

A new optical interconnection is proposed, using one dimensional electro-photonic semiconductor arrays (vertical-to-surface transmission electro-photonic devices). It realizes variable interconnection, signal summation and thresholding functions for optical neural networks and parallel processing. Experimental results showed 8 Mbps data rate operations and certified the interconnection feasibility.
Research on the Paper Splicing Recovery (2014)

This paper focuses on scraps of paper splicing recovery issues. To deal with complex scraps restoration problem, first the image should be changed as pixel grey level binary image, generating binary matrix, and then classify the scraps using SOM neural network data and feature comparison method. Combining with the Euclidean distance discriminant method, we match the scraps of paper with same edges and obtain a complete stitching schematic finally.
An algorithm for trimming of parametric surface based on operation of two dimensional loops (2000)

Since a parametric surface is defined by a mapping from 2 D parametric space to 3 D space ,trimming of a parametric surface is equivalent to changing only the valid parameter region of the surface with the same mapping.By presenting a strict and comprehensible definition of union,difference and intersection of two intersecting loops in the parametric region of a parametric surface, and designing a set of stable and robust corresponding algorithm, the 3 D problem is converted into 2 D one, hence perfectly realize the trimming of parametric surface.
Equilibrium Fluid-Solid Coexistence of Hard Spheres (2012)

We present a tethered Monte Carlo simulation of the crystallization of hard spheres. Our method boosts the traditional umbrella sampling to the point of making practical the study of constrained Gibbs' free energies depending on several crystalline order parameters. We obtain high-accuracy estimates of the fluid-crystal coexistence pressure for up to 2916 particles (enough to accommodate fluid-solid interfaces). We are able to extrapolate to infinite volume the coexistence pressure [p(co)=11.5727(10)k(B)T/σ(3)] and the interfacial free energy [γ({100})=0.636(11)k(B)T/σ(2)].
Direct Observations of Austenite, Bainite and Martensite Formation During Arc Welding of 1045 Steel using Time Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (2004)

In-situ Time Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (TRXRD) experiments were performed during stationary gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of AISI 1045 C-Mn steel. These synchrotron-based experiments tracked, in real time, phase transformations in the heat-affected zone of the weld under rapid heating and cooling conditions. The diffraction patterns were recorded at 100 ms intervals, and were later analyzed using diffraction peak profile analysis to determine the relative fraction of ferrite ({alpha}) and austenite ({gamma}) phases in each diffraction pattern. Lattice parameters and diffraction peak widths were also measured throughout the heating and cooling cycle of the weld, providing additional information about the phases that were formed. The experimental results were coupled with a thermofluid weld model to calculate the weld temperatures, allowing time-temperature transformation kinetics of the {alpha} {yields} {gamma} phase transformation to be evaluated. During heating, complete austenitization was observed in the heat affected zone of the weld and the kinetics of the {alpha} {yields} {gamma} phase transformation were modeled using a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) approach. The results from the 1045 steel weld were compared to those of a 1005 low carbon steel from a previous study. Differences in austenitization rates of the two steels were attributed to differences in the base metal microstructures, particularly the relative amounts of pearlite and the extent of the allotriomorphic ferrite phase. During weld cooling, the austenite transformed to a mixture of bainite and martensite. In situ diffraction was able to distinguish between these two non-equilibrium phases based on differences in their lattice parameters and their transformation rates, resulting in the first real time x-ray diffraction observations of bainite and martensite formation made during welding.
Data streaming algorithms for estimating entropy of network traffic (2006)

Using entropy of traffic distributions has been shown to aid a wide variety of network monitoring applications such as anomaly detection, clustering to reveal interesting patterns, and traffic classification. However, realizing this potential benefit in practice requires accurate algorithms that can operate on high-speed links, with low CPU and memory requirements. In this paper, we investigate the problem of estimating the entropy in a streaming computation model. We give lower bounds for this problem, showing that neither approximation nor randomization alone will let us compute the entropy efficiently. We present two algorithms for randomly approximating the entropy in a time and space efficient manner, applicable for use on very high speed (greater than OC-48) links. The first algorithm for entropy estimation is inspired by the structural similarity with the seminal work of Alon et al. for estimating frequency moments, and we provide strong theoretical guarantees on the error and resource usage. Our second algorithm utilizes the observation that the performance of the streaming algorithm can be enhanced by separating the high-frequency items (or elephants) from the low-frequency items (or mice). We evaluate our algorithms on traffic traces from different deployment scenarios.