gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Engineering of Maxillary Sinus Bone Deficiencies Using Enriched CD90+ Stem Cell Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2015)

Bone engineering of localized craniofacial osseous defects or deficiencies by stem cell therapy offers strong prospects to improve treatment predictability for patient care. The aim of this phase 1/2 randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate reconstruction of bone deficiencies of the maxillary sinus with transplantation of autologous cells enriched with CD90+ stem cells and CD14+ monocytes. Thirty human participants requiring bone augmentation of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Patients presenting with 50% to 80% bone deficiencies of the maxillary sinus were randomized to receive either stem cells delivered onto a β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold or scaffold alone. Four months after treatment, clinical, radiographic, and histologic analyses were performed to evaluate de novo engineered bone. At the time of alveolar bone core harvest, oral implants were installed in the engineered bone and later functionally restored with dental tooth prostheses. Radiographic analyses showed no difference in the total bone volume gained between treatment groups; however, density of the engineered bone was higher in patients receiving stem cells. Bone core biopsies showed that stem cell therapy provided the greatest benefit in the most severe deficiencies, yielding better bone quality than control patients, as evidenced by higher bone volume fraction (BVF; 0.5 versus 0.4; p = 0.04). Assessment of the relation between degree of CD90+ stem cell enrichment and BVF showed that the higher the CD90 composition of transplanted cells, the greater the BVF of regenerated bone (r = 0.56; p = 0.05). Oral implants were placed and restored with functionally loaded dental restorations in all patients and no treatment-related adverse events were reported at the 1-year follow-up. These results provide evidence that cell-based therapy using enriched CD90+ stem cell populations is safe for maxillary sinus floor reconstruction and offers potential to accelerate and enhance tissue engineered bone quality in other craniofacial bone defects and deficiencies (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00980278).
Activation of the JAK/STAT-1 Signaling Pathway by IFN-γ Can Down-Regulate Functional Expression of the MHC Class I-Related Neonatal Fc Receptor for IgG (2008)

Expression of many MHC genes is enhanced at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level following exposure to the cytokine IFN-gamma. However, in this study we found that IFN-gamma down-regulated the constitutive expression of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), an MHC class I-related molecule that functions to transport maternal IgG and protect IgG and albumin from degradation. Epithelial cell, macrophage-like THP-1 cell, and freshly isolated human PBMC exposure to IFN-gamma resulted in a significant decrease of FcRn expression as assessed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. The down-regulation of FcRn was not caused by apoptosis or the instability of FcRn mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel mobility shift assays showed that STAT-1 bound to an IFN-gamma activation site in the human FcRn promoter region. Luciferase expression from an FcRn promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct was not altered in JAK1- and STAT-1-deficient cells following exposure to IFN-gamma, whereas expression of JAK1 or STAT-1 protein restored the IFN-gamma inhibitory effect on luciferase activity. The repressive effect of IFN-gamma on the FcRn promoter was selectively reversed or blocked by mutations of the core nucleotides in the IFN-gamma activation site sequence and by overexpression of the STAT-1 inhibitor PIAS1 or the dominant negative phospho-STAT-1 mutations at Tyr-701 and/or Ser-727 residues. Furthermore, STAT-1 might down-regulate FcRn transcription through sequestering the transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein/p300. Functionally, IFN-gamma stimulation dampened bidirectional transport of IgG across a polarized Calu-3 lung epithelial monolayer. Taken together, our results indicate that the JAK/STAT-1 signaling pathway was necessary and sufficient to mediate the down-regulation of FcRn gene expression by IFN-gamma.
ChemInform Abstract: LITHIUM VAPOR SYNTHESIS FOR 1,5‐DILITHIOPENTANE AND 1,6‐DILITHIOHEXANE AND THE REACTION OF LITHIUM VAPOR WITH DIHALOPROPANES (1979)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit gasförmigem Lithium bei 800°C erhält man aus Polymethylenchloriden in beschriebenen Apparaturen Reaktionsgemische unter Substitution von Halogen durch Lithium sowie unter Spaltung der C‐C‐Kette.
Tree-structured algorithm for long weak motif discovery (2011)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Coherent long-time integration and Bayesian detection with Bernoulli track-before-detect (2022)

&lt;p&gt;We consider the problem of detecting small and manoeuvring objects with staring array radars. Coherent processing and long-time integration are key to addressing the undesirably low signal-to-noise/background conditions in this scenario and are complicated by the object manoeuvres. We propose a Bayesian solution that builds upon a Bernoulli state space model equipped with the likelihood of the radar data cubes through the radar ambiguity function. Likelihood evaluation in this model corresponds to coherent long-time integration. The proposed processing scheme consists of Bernoulli filtering within expectation maximisation iterations that aims at approximately finding complex reflection coefficients. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in a simulation example.&lt;/p&gt;
A focused antibody library for selecting scFvs expressed at high levels in the cytoplasm (2007)

This new library is a promising tool not only for an easy and large-scale selection of functional intrabodies but also for the isolation of highly expressed scFvs that could be used in numerous biotechnological and therapeutic applications.
The effect of gas diffusion on the nuclei population downstream of a cavitation zone (1994)

A calculation is given of the amount of dissolved gas that diffuses into a cavitating nucleus in travelling-bubble cavitation. The results indicate that a substantial increase in the nucleus gas content takes place in typical cases. This conclusion is substantiated by simple estimates. With a model of the break-up process in the region of pressure recovery, it is possible to estimate the nuclei population downstream of the cavitating region. A very large increase of the total number of nuclei and a profound modification of the initial distribution function are found.
Dynamic inversion of a Flight Critical actuator for fault diagnosis (2013)

Flight-Critical Systems (FCS) integrate usually actuators such as Electro Mechanical Actuators (EMA) controlled by Electronic Engine Control Units (EECU) or Flight Control Units (FCU). They are designed and developed regarding drastic safety requirements. Material Redundancy is therefore a safe design but requires an important amount of space, weight and costs. In this paper, observer-based fault detection methods are applied to a hybrid stepper motor (HSM) nonlinear model. First, state estimations are processed with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). After showing that the model is differentially flat, a nonlinear dynamic inversion (NLDI) is applied to the model in order to find its equivalent linear system. A Standard Kalman Filter (SKF) is then applied for fault detection. Faults due to short-circuits in the stator windings are considered.
PMR: point to mesh rendering, a feature-based approach (2002)

Within the field of computer graphics and visualization, it is often necessary to visualize polygonal models with large number of polygons. Display quality is mandatory, but it is also desirable to have the ability to rapidly update the display in order to facilitate interactive use. Point based rendering methods have been shown effective for this task. Building on this paradigm we introduce the PMR system which uses a hierarchy both in points and triangles for rendering. This hierarchy is fundamentally different from the ones used in existing methods. It is based on the feature geometry in the object space rather than its projection in the screen space. This provides certain advantages over the existing methods.
Holographic Recording in a Photoactive Elastomer (2003)

Abstract This work explores the use of photoactive elastomers as elastic holographic materials. Holographic gratings were recorded on stretched films of an azobenzene elastomer, which is composed of a side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymer with azobenzene mesogens, grafted to the rubbery polybutadiene block of a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer. The grating‐formation dynamics measurements revealed the formation of two gratings of different natures resulting from the coupled mechanical and optical effects. A first grating, formed quickly upon exposure, is due to the photoisomerization of oriented azobenzene groups. A second grating, developed at longer exposure times, may originate from changes in the anisotropic structure of the SBS matrix, which is induced by the photochemical phase transition of azobenzene mesogens. The first grating is unstable, but the second grating remains in relaxed films. Both mechanisms can be enhanced by deformation of the film.
Engineering Solid Particulate Diverter to Control Fracture Complexity: Experimental Study (2016)

Abstract Enhancing complexity of the created fracture geometry is the primary challenge for hydraulic fracturing treatment design in shale formations because of their stress anisotropy. Therefore, near-wellbore diversion is required to evenly stimulate all perforated clusters while far-field diversion inside the created fracture induces additional branch fracturing by overcoming the stresses holding the natural fractures closed. Solid particles with different shapes and sizes are widely used as diverting agents during fracture treatments. The recommended particles should temporarily bridge inside the fracture to create a low- permeability pack that increases the pressure within the fracture and enables redirection of next-stage fluid to understimulated intervals. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate and optimize parameters affecting the selection of solid particles as diversion agents such as material chemistry, particle size, particle shape, particle size distribution, particle loading, carrier fluid type, and carrier fluid viscosity. Three tests were performed in this study: Bridging tests to determine the optimized particle size and loading as function of fracture width (0.04 to 0.2 in.); pack permeability tests to optimize the particle size distribution and shape needed to minimize fracture conductivity and build the needed pressure; and dynamic dissolution tests to determine the time need to completely dissolve the particles as function of temperature, rate, particle size, and produced fluid. The results of this paper can help in understanding the diversion parameters required to effectively enhance the complexity of the fracturing geometry. For far-field diversion applications (targeting fracture widths of 0.04 to 0.08 in.), larger particles are not required, as the fracture width is small. However, very tight particle pack permeability is needed. For near-wellbore and perforation diversion (targeting fracture widths of 0.2 in. and higher), only larger particles can bridge the wider fractures. Therefore, a wider (in this case tri-modal) particle size distribution is required: coarse particles to bridge the fracture along with a bi-modal distribution of medium and small particles to minimize the particle pack permeability and achieve the diversion. A diverter pack with bi-modal size distribution and higher concentration of small particles reduces particle pack permeability more than a tri-modal size distribution with more medium-size particles. Diverter A and B tested in this study were able to bridge inside the fracture, reducing its conductivity by converting the open width into a porous medium with a tight permeability for both applications: far-field and near-wellbore. Diverter A (NW) is more efficient and effective than commodity benzoic acid flakes for a simulated near-wellbore application with a fracture width of 0.2 in. The diverter pack dissolved more slowly in slickwater fluid than in DI water, probably more due to the slickwater's polymer content than its minimal increase in viscosity.
Role of Fe Doping on Local Structure and Electrical and Magnetic Properties of PbTiO3 (2021)

The local structure and multiferroic properties of iron-doped lead titanate (PbTi1–xFexO3−δ) samples was investigated over the entire composition range (x = 0–1). Inherent polarization in PbTiO3 decreases due to Fe3+ incorporation up to the solubility limit (x ∼ 0.3), although homogeneous doping persists only up to x = 0.1. Ti prefers highly distorted oxygen octahedra for any x value, while Fe prefers more symmetric O-deficient polyhedra (Fe–On). The charge compensating oxygen vacancies induce local tilting of the Fe–On polyhedra beyond a critical x value (x ≥ 0.2), promoting magnetic interaction between two adjacent Fe atoms. The strain induced by local heterogeneity could act as a coupling force between magnetic and ferroelectric properties. Fe-rich clusters evolve into ferromagnetic PbFe12O19 with increased Fe doping. PbTi1–xFexO3−δ (x ≥ 0.3) samples therefore have separate origins for the ferroelectric (PbTi1–xFexO3−δ) and magnetic (PbFe12O19) phases.
Critical thickness for pseudomorphic growth of Si/Ge alloys and superlattices (1988)

A model, based on energy considerations, to determine the critical thickness for pseudomorphic growth of Si/Ge alloys and superlattices is introduced. Comparison with experiments shows a good agreement between the theory and experiment. It is also shown that in films which are initially dislocation-free, the energy barrier for the nucleation of dislocation loops can be crossed by thermal activation if the film is thicker than the critical value provided by the model.
Nuclear Cross Section Library for Oil Well Logging Analysis (2003)

As part of the IRTMBA (Improved Radiation Transport Modelling for Borehole Applications) Project of the EU Community’s 5th Programme a special purpose multigroup cross section library to be used in the deterministic (as well as Monte Carlo) oil well logging particle transport calculations was prepared. This library is expected to improve the prediction of the neutron and gamma spectra at the detector positions of the logging tool, and their use for the interpretation of the neutron logging measurements was studied. Preparation and testing of this library is described. 1
A dynamic Bayesian network approach to figure tracking using learned dynamic models (1999)

The human figure exhibits complex and rich dynamic behavior that is both nonlinear and time-varying. However most work on tracking and synthesizing figure motion has employed either simple, generic dynamic models or highly specific hand-tailored ones. Recently, a broad class of learning and inference algorithms for time-series models have been successfully cast in the framework of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). This paper describes a novel DBN-based switching linear dynamic system (SLDS) model and presents its application to figure motion analysis. A key feature of our approach is an approximate Viterbi inference technique for overcoming the intractability of exact inference in mixed-state DBNs. We present experimental results for learning figure dynamics from video data and show promising initial results for tracking, interpolation, synthesis, and classification using learned models.
The theory of induced voltage electromagnetic flowmeters (1970)

The performance of an electromagnetic flowmeter head is assessed in terms of a weight vector W such that the output voltage ∝ ∫ v. W d τ, where v is the velocity and τ the flowmeter volume. The condition curl W = 0 with W → 0 at ∞ is shown to be necessary and sufficient for the velocity to depend only on the flow rate and not on the flow pattern. A class of such ‘ideal’ meters is described. It is shown that meters with point electrodes can never be ideal but may, with considerable complication of the magnetic field, be made immune to asymmetric velocity-profile variations if the flow is rectilinear.
Motion image enhancement of LCDs (2005)

Motion blur is one of the main challenges for using LCDs in television applications. Motion blur arises from the slow response time of liquid crystals and from the hold-type driving method used in LCDs, resulting in degraded motion picture quality. Motion blur can be reduced by decreasing spatio-temporal integration time. In this paper, we show an effective method for reducing the integration time. By inserting black data between image data and by increasing the refresh rate, we are able to demonstrate markedly improved LCD motion image quality.
A new approach to probing primordial non-Gaussianity (2009)

We address the dual challenge of estimating deviations from Gaussianity arising in models of the early Universe, whilst retaining information necessary to assess whether a detection of non-Gaussianity is primordial. We do this by constructing a new statistic, the bispectrum-related power spectrum, which is constructed from a map of the cosmic microwave background. The estimator is optimized for primordial non-Gaussianity detection, but can also be useful in distinguishing primordial non-Gaussianity from secondary non-Gaussianity, such as may arise from unsubtracted point sources, or residuals from component separation. Extending earlier studies we present unbiased non-Gaussianity estimators optimized for partial sky coverage and inhomogeneous noise associated with realistic scan strategies, but which retain the ability to assess foreground contamination.
Reentry Motion and Aerodynamics of the MUSES-C Sample Return Capsule (2008)

The Hayabusa spacecraft (MUSES-C) carries a small capsule for bringing asteroid samples back to the earth. The initial spin rate of the reentry capsule together with the flight path angle of the reentry trajectory is a key parameter for the aerodynamic motion during the reentry flight. The initial spin rate is given by the spin-release mechanism attached between the capsule and the mother spacecraft, and the flight path angle can be modified by adjusting the earth approach orbit. To determine the desired values of both parameters, the attitude motion during atmospheric flight must be clarified, and angles of attack at the maximum dynamic pressure and the parachute deployment must be assessed. In previous studies, to characterize the aerodynamic effects of the reentry capsule, several wind-tunnel tests were conducted using the ISAS high-speed flow test facilities. In addition to the ground test data, the aerodynamic properties in hypersonic flows were analyzed numerically. Moreover, these data were made more accurate using the results of balloon drop tests. This paper summarized the aerodynamic properties of the reentry capsule and simulates the attitude motion of the full-configuration capsule during atmospheric flight in three dimensions with six degrees of freedom. The results show the best conditions for the initial spin rates and flight path angles of the reentry trajectory.
Strategies for detecting colon cancer and/or dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2006)

There is no clear evidence that surveillance colonoscopy prolongs survival in patients with extensive colitis. There is evidence that cancers tend to be detected at an earlier stage in patients who are undergoing surveillance, and these patients have a correspondingly better prognosis, but lead-time bias could contribute substantially to this apparent benefit. There is indirect evidence that surveillance is likely to be effective at reducing the risk of death from IBD-associated colorectal cancer and indirect evidence that it may be acceptably cost-effective.
A Fast Contrast Improved Zero-Phase Filtered Delay Multiply and Sum in Ultrasound Computed Tomography (2018)

In linear array B-mode imaging, the zero-phase filtered delay multiply and sum beamforming (ZPF-DMAS) weighted by space-time smoothing coherence factor (StS-CF) has been proved to enhance the image contrast resolution than the traditional delay and sum method. However, the large number of virtual received signals may increase the computational cost of this method in ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) with ring array. Here, a method with less computation amount is proposed in USCT: the received signals are separated into different groups by their spatial lag; the groups form a new smaller size receive aperture; StS-CF is finally applied to the new receive aperture. CIRS model 055A is tested to compare the performances of the proposed method and ZPF-DMAS. The results show that the computational complexity has been reduced by N * B * D((M 2 –3M)/2+1) multiplications, supposing there are N ultrasound waves transmitted, B scan lines, D imaging points on each line and M -element receive aperture. StS-CF with a subarray size of L = 16 (far less than half the receive aperture) and P = 5 time samples gives the best result in USCT, which is different from that in linear array B-mode imaging. The proposed method can enhance contrast ratio about 6.3 dB and 5.7 dB for the cystic mass and dense mass than ZPF-DMAS, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Alkynylbenzazoles Through Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between Thioethers and Terminal Alkynes. (2015)

Abstract The coupling reaction proceeds under aerobic conditions with aromatic and aliphatic alkynes to give 2‐alkynyl substituted benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles.
Absorption of creatine supplied as a drink, in meat or in solid form (2002)

We examined the plasma concentration curve obtained over 6 h after the ingestion of 2 g of creatine (Cr) (equivalent to 2.3 g Cr x H2O) contained in meat or in solution in five non-users of creatine supplements. Peak plasma creatine concentration was lower after the ingestion of meat but was maintained close to this for a longer period. Measurements of the area under the plasma concentration curve indicated approximate bioequivalence of creatine contained in meat with the same dose supplied in a solution. In a separate study, we examined the plasma concentration time curve after ingestion of solid Cr x H2O. Creatine ingested as a lozenge (crushed in the mouth and swallowed) or as a crystalline suspension in ice cold water resulted in a 20% lower peak concentration and 30-35% smaller area under the plasma creatine concentration curve than the same dose administered in solution. Despite a possibly lower bioavailability, 2.3 g Cr x H2O supplied in either solid form was nonetheless sufficient to raise the plasma concentration five- to six-fold in individuals with a mean body mass of 75.6 kg. We conclude that creatine administered as meat or in solid form is readily absorbed but may result in slightly lower peak concentrations than when the same dose is ingested as a solution.
Cosmopolitanism, Universalism and Particularism in an Age of Nationalism and Multiculturalism (1999)

The objectivity of morality is achieved by the coherentist method of appealing to considered convictions in wide reflective equilibrium. This method yields a conception of morality that is at once universalistic and particularistic. It follows that morality must be cosmopolitan, but also accept a liberal nationalism, at least under certain circumstances. This paper concludes by applying these ideas to the issues of Quebec nationalism and the status of African-Americans in the United States.