gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bradykinin receptor‐1 activation induces inflammation and increases the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (2019)

Neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are characterised by chronic inflammation and loss of vascular integrity. Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) activation has been implicated in many neuroinflammatory diseases, but the contribution of B1R to inflammation and vascular breakdown is yet to be determined. As a result, the present study evaluated the effect of B1R stimulation using Des-Arg-9-BK on the cytokine profile and junctional properties of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs). Results showed that stimulation of B1R receptors increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), but decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a cytokine and growth factor required for maintenance of the vasculature. B1R stimulation also resulted in the loss of occludin expression at tight junctions with no change in VE-cadherin expression. There was also a significant increase in permeability to Evans blue albumin, suggesting an increase of vascular permeability. Taken together, these results suggest that B1R activation that occurs in neuroinflammatory diseases may contribute to both the inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity that is characteristic of these diseases.
Preparation and characterization of nanostructured TiO2 via electrochemical anodization in aqueous ammonium fluoride (2009)

Electrochemical anodization of titanium (Ti) in acidic fluorinated electrolyte has emerged as a simple and straightforward method to synthesize TiO2 coating on Ti substrates directly. In this study, attempt was made to perform the anodic oxidation of Ti foil in a standard two-electrode bath containing relatively mild electrolyte, NH4F at various potentials for 1 hour. The resulting TiO2 films were characterized with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and linear sweep photovoltammetry. XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the as-anodized samples which crystallize after calcination in open air atmosphere at 500 oC for 2 hours. TiO2 films synthesized via anodization on polished Ti substrate demonstrated pure anatase phase only whereas anodization of etched Ti foil with HNO3 showed a mixture of anatase and rutile phase. Different morphologies of TiO2 could be obtained depending on the applied voltage used. Both as-anodized and calcined TiO2 films showed photocurrent response when illuminated from 300 W halogen lamp with that synthesized via anodization of etched Ti foil exhibited relatively higher photocurrent than the other samples, demonstrating the important of surface treatment of Ti on the photoelectrochemical response of TiO2 film.
Analysis of Wood Structural Changes under Thermal Radiation (2009)

Experiment is carried out to observe the structural changes of cellulosic materials exposed to thermal radiation. To quantitatively analyze the results of pyrolyzed wood samples, simple geometric models are proposed to include both shrinkage and cracking. The shrinkage factors consider each direction of three-dimensional geometry, as well as the overall volume. The cracking coefficients include the depth and volume of cracks. The structural changes of the solid are characterized during the pyrolysis by varying the external heat flux and the species of wood. Formulas for calculation of crack depths are derived based on the experimental results for softwood and hardwood. The expressions of cracking can be incorporated into pyrolysis models to include the effects of cracks on heat and mass transfer during wood pyrolysis.
Noncanonical Amino Acid Labeling in Vivo to Visualize and Affinity Purify Newly Synthesized Proteins in Larval Zebrafish (2011)

Protein expression in the nervous system undergoes regulated changes in response to changes in behavioral states, in particular long-term memory formation. Recently, methods have been developed (BONCAT and FUNCAT), which introduce non-canonical amino acids bearing small bio-orthogonal functional groups into proteins using the cells' own translational machinery. Using the selective 'click reaction', this allows for the identification and visualization of newly synthesized proteins in vitro. Here we demonstrate that non-canonical amino acid labeling can be achieved in vivo in an intact organism capable of simple learning behavior, the larval zebrafish. We show that azidohomoalanine is metabolically incorporated into newly synthesized proteins, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, but has no apparent toxic effect and does not influence simple behaviors such as spontaneous swimming and escape responses. This enables fluorescent labeling of newly synthesized proteins in whole mount larval zebrafish. Furthermore, stimulation with a GABA antagonist that elicits seizures in the larval zebrafish causes an increase in protein synthesis throughout the proteome, which can also be visualized in intact larvae.
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy, and reversed passive haemagglutination for detection of human rotavirus in stool specimens. (1983)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using microplates as solid phase, rabbit antiserum against human rotavirus Wa strain as catching antibody, and the same reagent labeled with beta-D-galactosidase as conjugate, has been developed for detection of human rotavirus antigen(s) in stool specimens from patients with acute gastroenteritis. The limit of detection of purified human rotavirus by ELISA was 15.6 ng/ml (1.56 ng/well) of viral protein. The sensitivities of ELISA, electron microscopy, and the reversed passive haemagglutination method (ROTA-CELL) were compared. ELISA was more sensitive than electron microscopy and the reversed passive haemagglutination method. The ELISA blocking assay was useful for detection of an antibody response to human rotavirus in paired sera from children in two institutions during outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Features independent of stain intensity for evaluating Feulgen-stained cells. (1984)

Eleven features that are independent of stain intensity are described. Values greater than 1.4 times the average optical density were shown to define the visually darker areas of the image, which were considered to be condensed chromatin. Use of the 11 features permitted the discrimination between (1) lymphocytes and macrophages of rats, (2) macrophages from the spleens of rats and monocytes from peripheral blood and (3) macrophages from the spleens of rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant and those from the spleens of normal rats.
An unusual function of RON receptor tyrosine kinase as a transcriptional regulator in cooperation with EGFR in human cancer cells (2010)

Homodimerization of RON (MST1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase, usually occurs in cells stimulated by a ligand and leads to the downstream activation of signaling pathways. Here we report that bladder cancer cells, in response to physiological stress, use an alternative mechanism for signaling activation. Time-course studies indicated that RON migrated directly from the membrane to the nucleus of bladder cancer cells in response to serum starvation. Biochemical and genetic studies implied that this nuclear internalization was complexed with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and required the docking of importins. In vivo analysis confirmed that nuclear RON was present in 38.4% (28/73) of primary bladder tumors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on microarray analysis further revealed that this internalized complex bound to at least 134 target genes known to participate in three stress-responsive networks: p53, stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N-terminal kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. These findings suggest that RON, in a complex with EGFR, acts as a transcriptional regulator in response to acute disturbances (e.g. serum starvation) imposed on cancer cells. In an attempt to re-establish homeostasis, these cells bypass regular mechanisms required by ligand stimulation and trigger the RON-directed transcriptional response, which confers a survival advantage.
Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses (2016)

Infections with enteroviruses and human parechoviruses are highly prevalent, particularly in neonates, where they may cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Individuals with B-cell-related immunodeficiencies are at risk for severe enteroviral infections, usually a chronic and fatal meningoencephalitis. In transplant recipients and patients with malignancy, enterovirus infections typically involve the respiratory tract, but cases of severe, disseminated infection have been described. The mainstay of diagnosis for enterovirus and human parechovirus infections involves the use of molecular diagnostic techniques. However, routine nucleic acid-detection methods for enteroviruses will not detect human parechoviruses. Laboratory diagnosis of these viral infections is important in determining a patient's prognosis and guiding clinical management.
Abstract 11648: Bleeding in Patients Receiving Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators for Heart Failure Operations (2021)

Introduction: Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators (iPVD) are initiated after CPB during advanced HF operations to reduce RV failure development from high PVR. While inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is the prototype, its high cost has led to inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO) use. While intravenous epoprostenol contributes to bleeding by platelet inhibition, bleeding and iEPO use has not been compared with iNO in this population. Hypothesis: No differences will be seen in perioperative bleeding between iEPO and iNO groups. Methods: A secondary analysis of a blinded RCT of 232 patients who underwent LVAD placement or orthotopic heart transplantation (HT), to receive either iEPO or iNO (NCT03081052). Bleeding outcomes were classified through POD 7 as blood product units transfused, delayed sternal closure for bleeding, need for re-exploration due to bleeding/tamponade, and chest tube output volume 12-hours immediately after surgery. Three-level ordinal primary outcome for bleeding was determined and compared between groups via univariable and multivariable proportional odds models. A priori bleeding risk factors were used to adjust for a multivariable model. RBC units transfused were compared univariably by negative binomial regression modeling. Results: Of 232 patients, 220 met inclusion criteria: 113 (51%) received iEPO and 107 (49%) received iNO. Of 220, 99 (45%) had LVAD placement while 121 (55%) had HT. Duration of use was similar between groups. Bleeding was common with mild-moderate bleeding in 49 % of the iEPO group v 46 % in iNO group, and severe-massive bleeding in 44% of iEPO group v 47% of iNO group. No differences for bleeding classes were seen in either univariable (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.81) or multivariable (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.60, 2.17) proportional odds models. Modeling showed no differences in RBC transfusion between groups (mean ratio 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.64). Conclusion: No differences were seen in perioperative bleeding between iEPO v iNO for advanced HF operations.
Infant circulation model based on the electrophysiological cell model. (2007)

It is important to use a myocardial cell model to evaluate the effects of the drugs to the hemodynamic parameters. We developed an infant circulation model which incorporates an accurate myocardial cell model including a beta adrenergic system. The beta adrenergic system is essential mechanism for reproducing the response of baroreflex control system. The parameters of the published adult human circulation model were modified to fit the infant hemodynamic values. The guinea pig myocardial cell model was introduced to the circulation model whose baseline heart rate is close to that of an infant. The presented model is in good agreement with results obtained in physiological experiments.
Atmospheric trace gas rotational lineshape parameters near 600 GHz (2001)

The AURA-MLS mission will observe atmospheric trace gases with several radiometers. In support of this mission, the pressure and temperature dependence of the broadening and shift parameters for a variety of species must be measured and/or improved. This presentation will focus on recent measurements in the 600 GHz region. Hydrochloric acid, an important stratospheric reservoir for chlorine, requires more precise measurement of the $J = 1 \\leftarrow 0$ transitions of $H^{35}Cl$ and $H^{37}Cl$. In the course of making these measurements, the first experimental evidence for a pressure shift of this transition was found. The radical species BrO has several transitions in the detection window, and is expected to be measurable over long integration times. Since there are no published data on the pressure and temperature dependence of the bromine oxide lineshape a systematic study of several different rotational transitions has begun. Similar measurements of another radical species, $HO_{2}$, crucial to understanding the $HO_{x}$ cycles of the stratosphere, are being made. Furthermore, a strong $O_{3}$ transition must be thoroughly analyzed. Laboratory measurements utilize directly synthesized radiation produced through successive multiplication of a frequency synthesizer, pumping an active sextupler followed by a passive anti-parallel planar Schottky multiplier to generate the 500-700 GHz radiation. A free-space cell equipped with a methanol-cooled jacket is employed to determine the lineshape dependence upon nitrogen/oxygen pressure and temperature in the 0.2 mbar - 3.0 mbar and 208 - 300 K ranges.
Parallel processor balance through loop spreading (1989)

When the number of processors P is less than the number of tasks N in a parallel loop, the loop has to be executed in ⌈N/P⌉ rounds and the last round executes only (N mod P) tasks. In many cases, in the last round all but a few processors are idle, which causes a significant drop in performance. This performance drop becomes more and more detrimental as the number of processors increases. Loop spreading is a technique for restructuring parallel loops so as to balance parallel tasks on multiple processors. A spread loop runs at least as fast as the non-spread loop even when N mod P = 0, and shows no performance drop when N changes. We show how the method keeps the performance of the matrix multiplication and a simplex algorithm from decreasing as the size of input changes.
Genome-inspired molecular identification in organic matter via Raman spectroscopy (2016)

Rapid, non-destructive characterization of molecular level chemistry for organic matter (OM) is experimentally challenging. Raman spectroscopy is one of the most widely used techniques for non-destructive chemical characterization, although it currently does not provide detailed identification of molecular components in OM, due to the combination of diffraction-limited spatial resolution and poor applicability of peak-fitting algorithms. Here, we develop a genome-inspired collective molecular structure fingerprinting approach, which utilizes ab initio calculations and data mining techniques to extract molecular level chemistry from the Raman spectra of OM. We illustrate the power of such an approach by identifying representative molecular fingerprints in OM, for which the molecular chemistry is to date inaccessible using non-destructive characterization techniques. Chemical properties such as aromatic cluster size distribution and H/C ratio can now be quantified directly using the identified molecular fingerprints. Our approach will enable non-destructive identification of chemical signatures with their correlation to the preservation of biosignatures in OM, accurate detection and quantification of environmental contamination, as well as objective assessment of OM with respect to their chemical contents.
FtsZ ring: the eubacterial division apparatus conserved in archaebacteria (1996)

FtsZ is a tubulin-like protein that is essential for cell division in eubacteria. It functions by forming a ring at the division site that directs septation. The archaebacteria constitute a kingdom of life separate from eubacteria and eukaryotes. Like eubacteria, archaebacteria are prokaryotes, although they are phylogenetically closer to eukaryotes. Here it is shown that archaebacteria also possess FtsZ and that it is biochemically similar to eubacterial FtsZs. Significantly, FtsZ from the archaebacterium Haloferax volcanii is a GTPase that is localized to a ring that coincides with the division constriction. These results indicate that the FtsZ ring was part of the division apparatus of a common prokaryotic ancestor that was retained by both eubacteria and archaebacteria.
Self-reconfigurable molecule robots as 3D metamorphic robots (2002)

This paper describes a three-dimensional self-reconfiguring system that is capable of reconfiguration and the associated planning in polynomial time. The approach is to reduce a system composed of molecule robots to metamorphic robots. Having done so, we are able to apply polynomial-time planning algorithms that have previously been used only in two-dimensional systems.
Near-Optimal Scheduler Synthesis for LTL with Future Discounting. (2014)

We study synthesis of optimal schedulers for the linear temporal logic (LTL) with future discounting. The logic, introduced by Almagor, Boker and Kupferman, is a quantitative variant of LTL in which an event in the far future has only discounted contribution to a truth value (that is a real number in the unit interval [0,1]). The precise problem we study---it naturally arises e.g. in search for a scheduler that recovers from an internal error state as soon as possible---is the following: given a Kripke frame, a formula and a number in [0, 1] called a margin, find a path of the Kripke frame that is optimal with respect to the formula up to the prescribed margin (a truly optimal path may not exist). We present an algorithm for the problem: it relies on a translation to quantitative automata and their optimal value problem, a technique that is potentially useful also in other settings of optimality synthesis.
Improvement in the Renal Prognosis in Nephropathic Cystinosis (2011)

We demonstrated improved survival of the renal function as well as better patient and graft survival after the start of RRT in a large European cohort of NC patients over the last two decades.
Use of a Foley catheter for short-term drainage in frontal sinus surgery (1989)

Frontal sinus surgery for chronic disease presents a variety of problems, in particular that of drainage. No matter how successful the surgical technique is in clearing disease from the sinus, it is still important that the fronto-nasal duct is kept patent unless the procedure is an obliterative one. Usually a tube is inserted for drainage and has to be kept in place for several weeks or months. This paper presents a study of 16 patients, suffering from frontal sinus disease, in whom a short-term drainage technique using a Foley catheter was employed between 1979 and 1988 at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. This type of drainage allows effective anchorage and irrigation with a decongestant. It has been found to give satisfactory results after 14 days in place and has had no unusual complications. It is therefore recommended for use in such cases.
Differences in myocardial stunning following coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs, pigs, and baboons (1996)

To determine whether myocardial stunning differs among dogs, pigs, and baboons and is reproducible within species, we examined the effects of 10-min coronary artery (CA) occlusion (CAO) on 9 conscious dogs, 12 minipigs, and 6 baboons. During 10-min CAO, systolic wall thickening in the ischemic zone fell similarly in dogs (-108 +/- 5.6%), pigs (-102 +/- 1.8%), and baboons (-107 +/- 5.7%), but blood flow fell more (P < 0.05) in the subepicardium in pigs (0.07 +/- 0.01 ml.min-1.g-1) and baboons (0.07 +/- 0.02 ml.min-1.g-1) than in dogs (0.18 +/- 0.03 ml.min-1.g-1). At 1 h after CA reperfusion (CAR), wall thickening was reduced more (P < 0.05) in dogs (-40 +/- 4.2%) than in pigs (-22 +/- 2.1%) and baboons (-4 +/- 2.4%). In five dogs and five pigs, three separate 10-min CAO, each 2 days apart, were also examined. In dogs, reductions in wall thickening after CAR were significantly less following the second (-26 +/- 4.2%) or third (-30 +/- 3.2%) CAO, compared with the first CAO (-47 +/- 4.9%). In contrast, repetitive CAO did not induce differences in recovery of wall thickening in pigs. These results indicate that myocardial stunning is less severe in conscious pigs and baboons, compared with conscious dogs, despite more intense transmural ischemia. The dogs demonstrated a "preconditioning-like effect" with serial brief CAO, which was not exhibited in pigs.
A Method for Matching the Refractive Index and Kinematic Viscosity of a Blood Analog for Flow Visualization in Hydraulic Cardiovascular Models (2004)

In this work, we propose a simple method to simultaneously match the refractive index and kinematic viscosity of a circulating blood analog in hydraulic models for optical flow measurement techniques (PIV, PMFV, LDA, and LIF). The method is based on the determination of the volumetric proportions and temperature at which two transparent miscible liquids should be mixed to reproduce the targeted fluid characteristics. The temperature dependence models are a linear relation for the refractive index and an Arrhenius relation for the dynamic viscosity of each liquid. Then the dynamic viscosity of the mixture is represented with a Grunberg-Nissan model of type 1. Experimental tests for acrylic and blood viscosity were found to be in very good agreement with the targeted values (measured refractive index of 1.486 and kinematic viscosity of 3.454 milli-m2/s with targeted values of 1.47 and 3.300 milli-m2/s).
Intestinal M cells: The fallible sentinels? (2007)

The gastrointestinal tract represents the largest mucosal membrane surface in the human body. The immune system in the gut is the first line of host defense against mucosal microbial pathogens and it plays a crucial role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Membranous or microfold cells, commonly referred to as microfold cells, are specialized epithelial cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and they play a sentinel role for the intestinal immune system by delivering luminal antigens through the follicle-associated epithelium to the underlying immune cells. M cells sample and uptake antigens at their apical membrane, encase them in vesicles to transport them to the basolateral membrane of M cells, and from there deliver antigens to the nearby lymphocytes. On the flip side, some intestinal pathogens exploit M cells as their portal of entry to invade the host and cause infections. In this article, we briefly review our current knowledge on the morphology, development, and function of M cells, with an emphasis on their dual role in the pathogenesis of gut infection and in the development of host mucosal immunity.