gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and prognostic value of MAGE-A9 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. (2014)

Background: Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family genes are reported to play important roles in the development of human cancers. However, the relationship between the expression of MAGE-A9 and clinicopathological characteristics in human laryngeal carcinoma remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the expression of MAGE-A9, and to evaluate the clinical significance of its expression in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to characterize the expression of MAGE-A9 in LSCC tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with LSCC. Results: The expression of MAGE-A9 was significantly higher in LSCC than in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Cytoplasmic expression of MAGE-A9 was detected in 70 of 123 (56.9%) LSCC specimens. Levels of MAGE-A9 in LSCC were related to histopathological grade (P = 0.024). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that MAGE-A9 expression level and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors of LSCC (P = 0.005; P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our study suggests that MAGE-A9 expression is a prognostic biomarker for LSCC patients. High expression of MAGE-A9 indicates unfavorable survival outcome in LSCC patients.
Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced? (2021)

Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months. Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes, and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive cancer. The timing and mechanisms of cell death after ADT for prostate cancer are not well understood, and off-target effects after long-term ADT due to functional extra-prostatic expression of the androgen receptor protein are now increasingly being recorded. Our knowledge of how these widely used treatments fail at a biological level in patients is deficient. In this review, I will discuss whether there are pre-existing drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass, or whether resistance is induced/selected by the ADT. Equally, what is the cell of origin of this resistance, and does it differ from the treatment-naïve tumor cells by differentiation or dedifferentiation? Conflicting evidence also emerges from studies in the range of biological systems and species employed to answer this key question. It is only by improving our understanding of this aspect of treatment and not simply devising another new means of androgen inhibition that we can improve patient outcomes.
Cosmeceuticals: Combining Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Functionality (2002)

All cosmeceutical products are multifunctional. The term “cosmeceutical” conveys that a product has characteristics combining the aesthetic appeal and beneﬁts of traditional cosmetic products with a therapeutic component. The therapeutic component can be associated, in the strictest sense, with pharmaceutical products. It is a much needed term to describe cosmetic products that have some therapeutic advantage over traditional cosmetics, yet are not drug products.
Hormonal and Reproductive Risk Factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Tumor Aggressiveness (2013)

Differences in risk factor associations by tumor aggressiveness suggests the developmental pathways through which the tumors develop and may be important for developing primary preventive strategies for the most aggressive cancers.
Acceptability and compliance with hip protectors in community-dwelling women at high risk of hip fracture (2003)

Our findings suggest that only a minority of community-dwelling women at high risk of hip fracture will wear hip protectors to reduce fracture risk. Their use should be restricted to highly motivated women who should be carefully identified.
Expression of growth-regulated genes in TSJT60 cells, a temperature-sensitive mutant of the cell cycle (1986)

We have investigated the expression of growth-regulated genes in tsJT60 cells, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of Fischer rat cells, which, on the basis of its kinetic behavior, can be classified as a G0 mutant. It grows normally at 34 degrees C and also at 39.5 degrees C if shifted to the higher temperature during exponential growth. However, if the cell population is first made quiescent by serum deprivation, subsequent stimulation by serum induces the cells to enter S phase at 34 degrees C but not at 39.5 degrees C. A panel of growth-regulated genes was used that included three protooncogenes (c-fos, c-myc, and p53), several genes that are induced in G0 cells stimulated by growth factors (beta-actin, 2A9, 2F1, vimentin, JE-3, KC-1, and ornithine decarboxylase), and an S-phase gene (histone H3). The expression of these growth-regulated genes was studied in both tsJT60 cells and its parental cell line, rat 3Y1 cells. All the genes tested, except histone H3, are similarly induced when quiescent tsJT60 cells are stimulated by serum at either permissive or restrictive temperatures. These results raise intriguing questions on the nature of quiescence and the relationship between G0 and G1 in cells in culture.
N-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (2012)

In the title compound, C(14)H(12)FNO(4)S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 50.26 (9)° and the C-S-N-C bond adopts a gauche conformation [torsion angle = -68.12 (15)°]. The dihydro-dioxine ring is disordered over two orientations, which both approximate to half-chairs, in a 0.880 (7):0.120 (7) ratio. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into C(4) chains propagating in [100]. Weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F inter-actions consolidate the packing.
Oxidative stress as a necessary factor in room temperature-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells (2000)

HL-60 cells undergo apoptosis when placed at room temperature (RT) [Shimura et al. (1997) FEBS Lett. 417, 379-384]. We report that superoxide anion radical, one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), was produced after RT treatment. Affinity blot analysis with a biotinylated YVAD-CHO detected the generation of processed peptides with molecular masses of 15-25 kDa. Activation of such an ICE-like protease was completely abolished by N-acetylcysteine and exogenously expressed Bcl-2, known as antioxidants. We concluded that oxidative stress was a critical factor in the signal cascade of the apoptosis. Western blot analysis and experiments using tetrapeptide inhibitors suggested that caspases-1, -3, -4, -6, and -9 did not have an essential role in the apoptotic cascade. It is interesting that cyclosporin A (CsA) blocked RT-induced apoptosis with an inhibition of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. CsA, however, generated a significant amount of ROS with considerable reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, implying that oxidative stress was one necessary factor for RT-induced apoptosis. It is also likely that mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of apoptotic factors from cytoplasm are differently regulated. Taken together with the reports that some Burkitt lymphoma cells showed apoptosis when exposed at low temperature followed by rewarming, and that hepatocytes or liver endothelial cells are susceptible to cold-induced apoptosis through the ROS function, we propose that studying the mechanism of RT-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells may provide a therapeutic strategy for pathological conditions involving ROS, such as neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia.
A Non-Linear Correction Method for Terahertz LFMCW Radar (2020)

The nonlinearity in terahertz (THz) linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) radar usually blurs the range profile and decreases the signal to noise ratio, hampering applications where high range-resolution is particularly emphasized. A software correction method, which comprises of transmitted nonlinearity estimation and nonlinear phase compensation for the beat signal, is proposed in this paper to drastically reduce the nonlinearity in THz LFMCW radar. Besides the commonly considered nonlinearity caused by voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), the nonlinearity from other broadband hardware devices have also been included in our modified correction model, which gives the advantage of preciser compensation. Moreover, utilizing the phase gradient autofocus (PGA) method to estimate the transmitted nonlinear term and the residual video phase (RVP) removal method to remove the range dependency of the received nonlinearity, our method can uniformly compensate the nonlinearity in the whole range profile. In addition, no presupposed parametric model for the nonlinearity waveform is needed, which further strengthens the effectiveness of the proposed method in practical use. Both the simulated data and the real tested data, acquired by a 190 GHz radar with 60 GHz bandwidth, has been used to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the method.
Dose accuracy research on air cavity interface in treatment planning system (2016)

Objective
To study the accuracy of collapsed cone convolution (CCC) and anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) in dosimetric calculation on the air cavity interface.


Methods
A BEAMnrc/EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was performed on a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator. The IBA Dosimetry blue 3D scanning system was used to verify the accuracy and reliability of the MC simulation. Central axis depth dose distribution and lateral dose profile in a water-equivalent phantom with variously sized air cavities were calculated by CCC and AAA. The obtained depth dose distribution and lateral dose profile were compared with those by MC simulation and EBT2 film, respectively.


Results
Both CCC and AAA overestimated the dose on the air cavity interface. In spite of some errors, CCC had a higher accuracy than AAA. The errors were mainly related to computational grid, field size, photon energy, cavity size, and the number of fields.


Conclusion
Electronic disequilibrium on the air cavity interface should be taken into account when CCC and AAA are used for dosimetric calculation in treatment planning system.


Key words: 
Electron disequilibrium; Collapsed cone convolution; Anisotropic analytical algorithm; Monte Carlo algorithm; EBT2 film
Inkjet printing of single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistors patterned by surface modification (2011)

In this paper, we report a method for the inkjet printing of single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (SWCNT TFTs). Although inkjet technology is a powerful tool for the fabrication of SWCNT TFTs, the diameter of the ink droplets (100 μm) strictly limits the device size. Here, we surmount this limitation by combining inkjet technology and site-selective deposition based on the patterning of self-assembled monolayers. We have synthesized patterned SWCNT films with feature widths less than 100 μm using this site-selective surface modification method, thus improving the performance limit of SWCNT printed electronics.
Solution electrospinning of particle-composite fibres (2016)

Electrospinning is a simple and fast way to produce nano- and microfibers. By applying high voltage to a droplet of solution or polymer melt, fibre mats can be produced. These mats are porous in the micrometre domain, and have a high surface area to volume ratio.
A case study for integrated requirements and architecture development (2002)

Many published case studies deal with software systems only. This paper presents a larger system that involves multiple technologies. The case study is based on a similar system currently being developed. This paper shows how integrated structured methods can address the needs that arise during the development of such a computer based system. An iterative process is shown that leads to the parallel development of requirement and architecture models on multiple levels of abstraction. This parallel development helps with important design decisions and with the identification of major subsystems early in the process. The paper discusses the case study of a groundwater analysis system.
Onboard science processing and buffer management for intelligent deep space communications (2002)

We present an integrated system for the intelligent progressive transmission of data for deep space communications. This work is motivated by the realization that much more information can be collected by imaging and remote sensing equipment than can be transmitted through downlink channels. Suitable onboard science processing allows us to introduce semantics to the data collected by the imaging and remote sensing equipment. The data stream is then prioritized according to its significance in the image, and the most significant segments of data are transmitted first by means of a prioritized buffer management strategy. We show that this system allows to optimally exploit the limited onboard resources (downlink data rate, buffer size) and therefore to maximize the science return of a mission.
Dynamic Temperature Modeling for High Temperature Well Planning (2015)

Abstract The search for new reserves is pushing drilling into deeper reservoirs where formation temperature becomes a challenge. This becomes significantly challenging with current available drilling tools where the operating temperature can closely reach and at times surpass the downhole tools’ temperature specifications. Service companies are continuously improving technology to increase the temperature limit of the downhole tools to contend with the increasing temperatures; however, the ability to simulate downhole conditions and predict downhole circulating temperatures that the tools will be exposed to continues to be a key factor to successful drilling operations in high-temperature wells. The current well-planning practice of designing high-temperature wells is based on static formation temperature measurement from the offset well and linear interpolation of the formation thermal gradient, which, in many cases, is too conservative, not taking into account various parameters that affect the total energy within the system that leads to the actual temperatures that the downhole tools are physically exposed to. Heat transfer occurs from the formation across the mud and downhole tools. Mud circulation carries mud with heated temperature from the bottom of the hole up to relatively cooler temperature as it approaches the surface, and back down the hole again; this will affect the actual downhole temperature that the tools are exposed to. Energy loss of torque and drag due to contact friction of drillstring with different formation and hydraulic pressure loss can also increase the borehole temperature and downhole tool temperature. A new state-of-the-art dynamic temperature model is required to more precisely predict downhole temperatures and which can be used to guide the downhole tool and services planning, along with operating parameters to be applied. This information is needed to be able to run as many downhole tools and measurements in real time to the tool temperature limit and reduce nonproductive time (NPT) due to pulling out of hole for temperature-related downhole equipment failures. Dynamic temperature modeling takes heat transfer from virgin formation to mud and tool collars into account, while also calculating the effect of circulation, mechanical, and hydraulic friction. The dynamic temperature model can help engineers evaluate expected temperatures for different operations, guiding them to select the appropriate downhole tools for the job. The modeling was used in planning several case study high-temperature wells, and a comparison was done between model results and actual downhole temperature measurements. This new modeling can change the high-temperature well planning perspective on the use of downhole tools in that a higher temperature rating (e.g., above 150°C) is not always required because downhole borehole temperature can be managed by applying the right drilling parameters and correct timing.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS (2020)

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website, and also using Google Patents.
Cytoplasmic keratins couple with and maintain nuclear envelope integrity in colonic epithelial cells (2022)

Keratin intermediate filaments convey mechanical stability and protection against stress to epithelial cells. Keratins are essential for colon health, as seen in keratin 8 knockout (K8<sup>-/-</sup>) mice exhibiting a colitis phenotype. We hypothesized that keratins support the nuclear envelope and lamina in colonocytes. K8<sup>-/-</sup> colonocytes in vivo exhibit significantly decreased levels of lamins A/C, B1, and B2 in a colon-specific and cell-intrinsic manner. CRISPR/Cas9- or siRNA-mediated K8 knockdown in Caco-2 cells similarly decreased lamin levels, which recovered after reexpression of K8 following siRNA treatment. Nuclear area was not decreased, and roundness was only marginally increased in cells without K8. Down-regulation of K8 in adult K8<sup>flox/flox</sup>;Villin-CreER<sup>t2</sup> mice following tamoxifen administration significantly decreased lamin levels at day 4 when K8 levels had reduced to 40%. K8 loss also led to reduced levels of plectin, LINC complex, and lamin-associated proteins. While keratins were not seen in the nucleoplasm without or with leptomycin B treatment, keratins were found intimately located at the nuclear envelope and complexed with SUN2 and lamin A. Furthermore, K8 loss in Caco-2 cells compromised nuclear membrane integrity basally and after shear stress. In conclusion, colonocyte K8 helps maintain nuclear envelope and lamina composition and contributes to nuclear integrity.
A Portable, Easily Deployed Approach to Measure Healthcare Professional Contact Networks in Long-Term Care Settings (2020)

Background: The movement of healthcare professionals (HCPs) induces an indirect contact network: touching a patient or the environment in one area, then again elsewhere, can spread healthcare-associated pathogens from 1 patient to another. Thus, understanding HCP movement is vital to calibrating mathematical models of healthcare-associated infections. Because long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are an important locus of transmission and have been understudied relative to hospitals, we developed a system for measuring contact patterns specifically within an LTCF. Methods: To measure HCP movement patterns, we used badges (credit-card–sized, programmable, battery-powered devices with wireless proximity sensors) worn by HCPs and placed in 30 locations for 3 days. Each badge broadcasts a brief message every 8 seconds. When received by other badges within range, the recipients recorded the time, source badge identifier, and signal strength. By fusing the data collected by all badges with a facility map, we estimated when and for how long each HCP was in any of the locations where instruments had been installed. Results: Combining the messages captured by all of our devices, we calculated the dwell time for each job type (eg, nurses, nursing assistants, physical therapists) in different locations (eg, resident rooms, dining areas, nurses stations, hallways, etc). Although dwell times over all job and area types averaged ∼100 seconds, the standard deviation was large (115 seconds), with a mean of maximums by job type of ∼450 seconds. For example, nursing assistants spent substantially more time in resident rooms and transitioned across rooms at a much higher rate. Overall, each distribution exhibits a power-law–like characteristic. By aggregating the data from devices with location data extracted from the floor plan, we were able to produce an explicit trace for each individual (identified only by job type) for each day and to compute cross-table transition probabilities by area for each job type. Conclusions: We developed a portable system for measuring contact patterns in long-term care settings. Our results confirm that frequent interactions between HCPs and LTC residents occur, but they are not uniform across job types or resident locations. The data produced by our system can be used to better calibrate mathematical models of pathogen spread in LTCs. Moreover, our system can be easily and quickly deployed to any healthcare settings to similarly inform outbreak investigations. Funding: None Disclosures: Scott Fridkin reports that his spouse receives a consulting fee from the vaccine industry.
Study on Aromatic Components of Cabernet Sauvignon Dry Red Wine Fermented with Different Species of Yeast Strains (2009)

The aromatic components of Caberne Sauvignons dry red wine fermented with three different species of yeast strains were studied,which were CSM,D254 and F15. During the analysis,automatic static headspace-Solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used,and 65 aroma constituents were identified. The results showed that esters,alcohols,aldehydes,alkenes and ketones are the major constituents. The differences of aroma constitutions among different Cabernet Sauvignon dry wines under different yeast strains fermentation are not obvious,while the aroma contents of each type wines are significant different,a total of 56 compounds were identified in the wine from CSM yeast,while 55 compounds were identified in D254 yeast fermented wine and 57 compounds were identified in the F15 yeast fermented wine. These differences showed that the content and ration of different aromatic components are important for sensory quality of wine.