gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of a Fully Automated System to Accurately Control Downhole Pressure During Drilling Operations (2003)

Abstract Accurate control over bottomhole pressure during drilling is essential as the industry meets increasingly challenging drilling environments such narrow drilling margin formations, HPHT wells and fractured formations. To increase the accuracy of the control over bottom hole pressures during drilling, a fully automated prototype system consisting of a hydraulics simulator, a computer controlled choke manifold and a pump as part of the mud return system has been developed and tested. Rather than mud density alone, the system uses a reduced density mud in combination with a variable back-pressure at the annulus exit to achieve the required downhole pressure. The system is able to substantially compensate downhole pressure variations induced by the drilling operation by varying the surface back-pressure. A number of possible advantages are associated with the use of the system: Reduction of formation impairmentReduction of mud lossesReduction of formation fluid influxIncreased ROPNo flat time during weight-up/downPotential to reduce number of casing stringsAutomatic kick circulation A successful experimental program has been conducted on a real size test well in preparation of a field test sequence. The system was easily retrofitted to the existing test rig and normal drilling procedures were minimally impacted.
Avian Influenza Viruses and their Implication for Human Health (2004)

Widespread outbreaks of avian influenza in domestic fowl throughout eastern Asia have reawakened concern that avian influenza viruses may again cross species barriers to infect the human population and thereby initiate a new influenza pandemic. Simultaneous infection of humans (or swine) by avian influenza viruses in the presence of human influenza viruses could theoretically generate novel influenza viruses with pandemic potential as a result of reassortment of genome subunits between avian and mammalian influenza viruses. These hybrid viruses would have the potential to express surface antigens from avian viruses to which the human population has no preexisting immunity. This article reviews current knowledge of the routes of transmission of avian influenza A viruses to humans, places the risk of appearance of a new pandemic influenza virus in perspective, and describes the recently observed epidemiology and clinical syndromes of avian influenza in humans.
Generation of Highly Purified Human Cardiomyocytes from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential for physiological studies. A novel protocol was developed combining the derivation of iPS from peripheral blood with an optimized directed differentiation to cardiomyocytes and a subsequent metabolic selection. The human iPS cells were retrovirally dedifferentiated from activated T cells. The subsequent optimized directed differentiation protocol yielded 30-45% cardiomyocytes at day 16 of differentiation. The derived cardiomyocytes expressed appropriate structural markers like cardiac troponin T, α-actinin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2V). In a subsequent metabolic selection with lactate, the cardiomyocytes content could be increased to more than 90%. Loss of cardiomyocytes during metabolic selection were less than 50%, whereas alternative surface antibody-based selection procedures resulted in loss of up to 80% of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological characterization confirmed the typical cardiac features and the presence of ventricular, atrial and nodal-like action potentials within the derived cardiomyocyte population. Our combined and optimized protocol is highly robust and applicable for scalable cardiac differentiation. It provides a simple and cost-efficient method without expensive equipment for generating large numbers of highly purified, functional cardiomyocytes. It will further enhance the applicability of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF SOFT ELECTROPHILES WITH ESTERS AND OTHER COMPOUNDS CONTAINING THE THIOCARBONYL GROUP (1977)

Abstract An einer Fülle von Beispielen mit unterschiedlichsten Ausgangsverbindungen wird gezeigt, daß alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen leicht zu substituieren sind, indem die OH‐Gruppe zunächst in ein Xanthat, Thiobenzoat, Thiocarbamat oder Selenobenzoat umgewandelt wird, das seinerseits mit Elektrophilen derart reagiert, daß an die Stelle des O‐Atoms der ehemaligen Hydroxylfunktion der anionische Teil des Elektrophils tritt.
Predictive Value of Soluble Immunological Mediators in Neonatal Infection (1994)

1. Infection in the neonatal period is difficult to diagnose and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. 2. We investigated prospectively the predictive value of plasma measurement of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and C-reactive protein in 60 consecutive newborn infants suspected of having neonatal infection. Plasma samples were taken at the time of acute clinical deterioration. Sixty-two cord blood samples were studied as controls taken at elective Caesarean section. 3. Forty-three infants had confirmed infections, 25 with positive blood cultures. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and bacterial endotoxin levels were not significantly elevated over controls, whereas interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels were all significantly increased in the infected group compared with controls (all P < 0.001). 4. Increased plasma intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels were a highly sensitive (88%) indicator of clinical infection and were independent of C-reactive protein. Use of these two assays in combination improved the diagnostic sensitivity to 95% and gave a negative predictive value of 97%. addition of interleukin-6 or interleukin-8 measurements failed to further significantly enhance the prediction of infection. 5. Measurement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 level may have a clinical role in rapidly confirming, or predicting, the likely diagnosis in cases of suspected neonatal infection.
Automated localization of affective objects and actions in images via caption text-cum-eye gaze analysis (2009)

We propose a novel framework to localize and label affective objects and actions in images through a combination of text, visual and gaze-based analysis. Human gaze provides useful cues to infer locations and interactions of affective objects. While concepts (labels) associated with an image can be determined from its caption, we demonstrate localization of these concepts upon learning from a statistical affect model for world concepts. The affect model is derived from non-invasively acquired fixation patterns on labeled images, and guides localization of affective objects (faces, reptiles) and actions (look, read) from fixations in unlabeled images. Experimental results obtained on a database of 500 images confirm the effectiveness and promise of the proposed approach.
Frequent activation of AKT in non-small cell lung carcinomas and preneoplastic bronchial lesions (2004)

AKT is frequently activated in various cancers, but its involvement in lung tumor development and progression is not well established. We examined AKT activity by immunohistochemistry in 110 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) using tissue microarrays. AKT activation was observed in 56 (51%) tumors. To further validate activation of the AKT pathway in this series, we examined the phosphorylation status of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and forkhead (FKHR), two downstream targets of AKT. Positive staining for phospho-mTOR and phospho-FKHR were detected in 74% and 68% of tumors, respectively, and was significantly associated with activation of AKT. Tumors positive for phosphorylated (active) AKT were present with a similar frequency in low stage (I/II) and high stage (III/IV) tumors, raising the possibility that AKT activation occurs early in tumor progression. We therefore examined AKT activity in 25 bronchial epithelial lesions from 12 patients at high risk of lung cancer. Metaplastic/dysplastic areas showed AKT activity, whereas normal and hyperplastic bronchial epithelia exhibited little or no activity. Since some bronchial epithelial lesions may develop into invasive cancers, we examined the effect of AKT on invasiveness of lung cancer cells, using an in vitro cell invasion assay. Transfection of NSCLC cells with wild-type AKT increased invasiveness in response to hepatocyte growth factor, whereas transfection with dominant negative AKT abrogated this effect. Collectively, these data suggest that AKT activation is a frequent and early event in lung tumorigenesis, which may enhance risk of progression to malignancy. Thus, AKT represents a potentially important target for chemoprevention in individuals at high risk of NSCLC.
Application of LEDs to Fishing Lights for Pacific Saury (2008)

We attempted the development of highly efficient fishing lights using LEDs for saury fishing. Considering the spectral luminous efficacy characteristic of a Pacific saury, LED fishing lights were fabricated. Transmission properties in sea water in LED fishing lights were investigated, and it was found that the fabricated LED fishing lights sufficiently can be utilized even in sea water. Furthermore, we attempted the saury-fishing experiments by using the LED fishing lights, and comparable catch of Pacific saury was achieved by approximately 55% electric power by using both LED poles and incandescent lamp poles.
Utilisation d'un interferomètre de sagnac fibré pour détecter la magnétochiralité (2009)

National audience
Developmental Gene Amplification and Origin Regulation (2004)

Developmentally regulated gene amplification serves to increase the number of templates for transcription, yielding greatly increased protein and/or RNA product for gene(s) at the amplified loci. It is observed with genes that are very actively transcribed and during narrow windows of developmental time where copious amounts of those particular gene products are required. Amplification results from repeated firing of origins at a few genomic loci, while the rest of the genome either does not replicate, or replicates to a lesser extent. As such, amplification is a striking exception to the once-and-only-once rule of DNA replication and may be informative as to that mechanism. Drosophila amplifies eggshell (chorion) genes in the follicle cells of the ovary to allow for rapid eggshell synthesis. Sciara amplifies multiple genes in larval salivary gland cells that encode proteins secreted in the saliva for the pupal case. Finally, Tetrahymena amplifies its rRNA genes several thousand-fold in the creation of the transcriptionally active macronucleus. Due to the ease of molecular and genetic analysis with these systems, the study of origin regulation has advanced rapidly. Comparisons reveal an evolutionarily conserved trans-regulatory apparatus and a similar organization of sequence-specific cis-regulatory replicator and origin elements. The studies indicate a regulatory role for chromatin structure and transcriptionally active genes near the origins.
A logical semantics for feature structures (1986)

Unification-based grammar formalisms use structures containing sets of features to describe linguistic objects. Although computational algorithms for unification of feature structures have been worked out in experimental research, these algorithms become quite complicated, and a more precise description of feature structures is desirable. We have developed a model in which descriptions of feature structures can be regarded as logical formulas, and interpreted by sets of directed graphs which satisfy them. These graphs are, in fact, transition graphs for a special type of deterministic finite automation.This semantics for feature structures extends the ideas of Pereira and Shieber [11], by providing an interpretation for values which are specified by disjunctions and path values embedded within disjunctions. Our interpretation differs from that of Pereira and Shieber by using a logical model in place of a denotational semantics. This logical model yields a calculus of equivalences, which can be used to simplify formulas.Unification is attractive, because of its generality, but it is often computationally inefficient. Our model allows a careful examination of the computational complexity of unification. We have shown that the consistency problem for formulas with disjunctive values is NP-complete. To deal with this complexity, we describe how disjunctive values can be specified in a way which delays expansion to disjunctive normal form.
Pruebas clínicas mediante diapasones: una excelente herramienta diagnóstica (2009)

TANTO EN LA EXPLORACION FISICA DE CLINICA GENERAL COMO EN LA PRACTICA DEL OTORRINOLARINGOLOGO, LAS PRUEBAS CON DIAPASONES SON SENCILLAS Y UTILES: PUEDEN DESCUBRIR OTITIS MEDIA SEROSAS ASINTOMATICAS EN NINOS Y AYUDAN A DIFERENCIAR LAS HIPOACUSIAS POR DEFECTO DE CONDUCCION AEREA OSEA, DE LAS DE LAS SENSORIALES POR LESION NEURAL. EL EJEMPLO DE LOS NINOS, CUANDO SE DESCUBRE, EXPLICA PROBLEMAS DE BAJO RENDIMIENTO ESCOLAR O DIFICULTADES PARA DOMINAR EL LENGUAJE. EN LOS VIEJOS LA TAN FRECUENTE PRESBIACUSIA ES CAUSA DE DEPRESION Y AISLAMIENTO SOCIAL Y, A MENUDO, ES OCULTADA POR LOS PACIENTES. LAS PRUEBAS CON DIAPASONES Y DE FACIL INTERPRETACION; DAN INFORMACION CUALITATIVA, A DIFERENCIA DE LA AUDIOMETRIA QUE LA DA CUANTITATIVA. SE DESCRIBEN LOS LAS DIFERENTES PRUEBAS, SU TECNICA E INTERPRETACION.
Newcastle disease vaccines : their production and use (1978)

Newcastle disease vaccines: their production and use , Newcastle disease vaccines: their production and use , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Papillary thyroid adenocarcinoma with occipital lobe metastasis 48 years after original diagnosis: Case report (2013)

To the Editor,Papillary thyroid carcinoma generally follows an indolent course, and distant metastases are rare [1–3]. Distant metastases to the brain are extremely rare, and typically occur second...
An Inductorless DC–DC Converter for Energy Harvesting With a 1.2-$ \mu\hbox{W}$ Bandgap-Referenced Output Controller (2011)

We present a fully integrated dc-dc converter for micropower energy harvesting. A 1.2- μW bandgap-referenced output controller provides output regulation at 1.4 V, achieving quiescent power of 3 μW and a maximum overall efficiency of 58% at 11 μW output power. A modified four-phase charge pump provides a 3× voltage boost and a minimum input voltage of 270 mV in free-running mode. Using dual switches driven from both the converter input and output, the chip achieves boost without external excitation or external components.
Stereoselective Synthesis: A Practical Approach (1994)

List of Symbols and Abbreviations Introduction 1 General Concepts of Stereoselective Synthesis 1.1 Principles of Differentiating Molecules 1.2 Characterization of Stereoisomers. Conformation and Configuration 1.3 Intramolecular Symmetry. Topicity and Prochirality 1.4 Selectivity in Chemistry 1.4.1 Substrate Selectivity 1.4.1.1 Substrate Diastereoselectivity (Diastereomer Selectivity) 1.4.1.2 Substrate Enantioselectivity (Enantiomer Selectivity). Kinetic Resolution 1.4.2 Product Selectivity 1.4.2.1 Formation of Stereoisomers 1.4.2.2 Conditions Necessary for Stereoselectivity 1.4.2.3 Concept of Stereodifferentiation 1.4.2.4 Niethods for Inducing Stereoselectivity 1.4.3 Stamelective Synthetic Strategies 1.4.3.1 Enandoconvergent Synthesis 1.4.3.2 Selective Preparation of Both Enantiomers from a Single Substrate 1.5 Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Stereoselective Reactions Stereoselective Catalytic Reductions 2.1 Stereoselective Homogeneous Hydrogenations with Rhodium-. Ruthenium- and Iridium-Phosphine Catalysts 2. 1. 1 Hydrogenation of Olefinic Bonds 2.1.1.1 Chiral Phosphorus Containing Ligands 2.1.2 Enantioselective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines 2.1.3 Diastereoselective Hydrogenations in Homogeneous Phase 2.2 Catalytic Hydrosilylation 2.3 Heterogeneous Stereoselective Catalytic Hydrogenations 2.3.1 Enantioselective Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations 2.3.2 Diastereoselective Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations 3 Stercoselective Non-Catalytic Reduction 3. 1 Enantioselective Reductions 3.1.1 Chiral Lithium Aluminum Hydrides 3.1.1.1 Reduction of Carbonyl Groups 3.1.1.2 Reduction of C=N and C=C Bonds 3.1.2 Chirally Modified Hydroborates 3.1.3 Chiral Boranes and Boronates 3.1.4 Enantioselective Reductions with Hydride Transfer from Carbon 3.1.4.1 Chiral Trialkyl Boranes 3.1.4.2 Chiral Metal Alkyls 3.1.4.3 Chiral Metal Alkoxides 3.1.4.4 Chiral 1,4-Dihydropyridines 3.1.5 Correlation of Substrate Constitution and Enantioselectivity 3.2 Diastereoselective Reduction of Carbonyl Groups 3.2.1 Stereochemistry of Diastereoselective Ketone Reduction 3.2.2 Practical Aspects of Diastereoselective Ketone Reductions 4 Stercoselective Oxidations 4.1 Enandoselective Oxidations 4.1.1 Epoxidadon with Chiral Oxidants 4.1.2 Oxidations in the Presence of Chiral Catalysts 4.2 Diastereoselective Oxidations 4.2. 1 Diastereoselective Epoxidation 4.2.2 Various Diastereoselective Oxidations 5 Stereoselective Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions by Nucleophilic A ddition to Carbonyl Groups 5.1 Addition of Simple Nucleophiles to Carbonyl Compounds 5. 1. 1 Enantioselective Additions 5.1.2 Diastereoselective Additions 5.1.3 Additions to C=N Bonds 5.2 Addition Involving Allylmetal and Allylboron Compounds 5.2.1 General Aspects of Allylmetal Addition 5.2.2 Addition of Alkylboron Compounds 5.2.3 Addition of Allyltitaniurn Compounds 5.2.4 Addition of Allylsilanes 5.2.5 Addition of Allyistannanes
Elevated circulating lipasin/betatrophin in human type 2 diabetes and obesity (2014)

Lipasin (also known as C19ORF80, RIFL, ANGPTL8 and betatrophin) is a newly discovered circulating factor that regulates lipid metabolism and promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Whether circulating levels of lipasin in humans are altered in a) type 2 diabetes; b) obesity and c) the postprandial state, however, is unknown. The current study aimed to compare serum lipasin levels in those who were a) non-diabetic (N=15) or diabetic (BMI- and age-matched; N=14); b) lean or obese (N=53 totally) and c) fasting and 2 hours following a defined meal (N=12). Serum lipasin levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipasin levels [mean±SEM] were increased by more than two fold (P<0.001) in the diabetic patients (5.56±0.73 ng/mL) as compared to the control subjects (2.19±0.24 ng/mL). Serum lipasin levels were positively correlated with BMI (rho=0.49, P<0.001), and showed a 35% increase 2 hours following a defined meal (P=0.009). Therefore, lipasin/betatrophin is nutritionally-regulated hepatokine that is increased in human type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Electropermeabilization of Intact Maize Cells Induces an Oxidative Stress (1996)

By applying electric field pulses through cell suspensions, cell membranes can be permeabilized transiently, giving free access to the cytosol. Electropulsation is now routinely used in cell biology when introducing various molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids into the cell. But the molecular and cellular bases of cell electropermeabilization are still unclear. In the present study, we observed that electropermeabilization of intact black Mexican sweet (BMS) maize cells induces a generation of oxygen species (oxidative jump). Using the chemiluminescent probe lucigenin, we have shown that the electro-induced chemiluminescent response depends on the level of the stress factor as shown by its dependence on the electric parameters (electric field intensity, duration, and number of pulses). While the electroinduced cell permeabilization has a short life, the oxidative jump that is triggered by this electropermeabilization is a much longer-lived response. The electroinduced loss in viability is linearly correlated to permeabilization. However, there is no correlation between the oxidative jump and the loss in viability. The modulation of oxygen species electroinduction by antioxidant products (dimethylsulfoxide, sodium L-ascorbate, and glutathione) does not lead to an increase in cell viability. Such results are different to those observed with mammalian cells and indicate that even if the same phenomenon is observed with mammalian cells and indicate that even if the same phenomenon is observed when pulsing mammalian or intact plant cells, the associated metabolic response is not the same.
Dynamic-parallel MR image reconstruction based on adaptive coil sensitivity estimation (2008)

Imaging speed is crucial to dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) where multiple images must be obtained in a single examination. To accelerate imaging speed, dMRI can be performed with parallel MRI (pMRI) technique by sparsely sampling the k-space of each time frame. However, pMRI reconstruction requires precise estimation of sensitivity maps of receiving coils, which is difficult to obtain with the existing methods. Imperfect estimation of sensitivity maps can dramatically increase artifacts in the reconstructed image. This paper proposes an adaptive sensitivity estimation method to capture the temporal variation of k-space frames and to estimate the unacquired dataset. The estimated dataset is used to create the full k-space for each frame, from which the time varying sensitivity maps are estimated. Experiments on real dynamic-parallel MRI data demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the quality of the reconstructed MR images.
Spaceborne P-Band Mimo SAR for Planetary Applications (2018)

SESAR (Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a next generation P-band beamforming radar instrument concept that will enable a new class of observations suitable to meet Decadal Survey science goals for planetary exploration. The radar operates at full polarimetry and fine (meter scale) resolution, and achieves beam agility through programmable transmit waveforms and digital beamforming on receive. The radar is based on a low power, lightweight design approach conceived to meet the stringent planetary instrument requirements. This instrument concept has the potential to provide unprecedented surface and near-subsurface measurements of planetary bodies including the Moon, Mars, and asteroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Batch and Continuous Flow Production of Highly Enantioenriched Cyclohexane Derivatives with Polymer‐Supported Diarylprolinol Silyl Ethers. (2011)

Abstract The known prolinol ether (Ia) and the new derivative (Ib) are tested in the enantioselective domino Michael—Knoevenagel reaction of aldehyde (II) with diester (III).
Cancers de la thyroïde après Tchernobyl. Importance de la prophylaxie par le KI (1994)

Depuis 1990, plus de 400 cancers de la thyroïde ont été observés chez l'enfant dans le Sud de la Belarus et dans le Nord de l'Ukraine. L'importance de l'augmentation de l'incidence, l'agressivité de ces cancers et leur découverte fréquente à un stade métastatique rendent mineur le rôle du dépistage. Plusieurs arguments plaident en faveur de la responsabilité de l'accident de Tchernobyl : 1) l'importance de la contamination initiale ; 2) la distribution géographique, l'augmentation de l'incidence étant observée au niveau des régions les plus contaminées ; 3) la distribution temporelle, l'augmentation de l'incidence étant progressive depuis 1990. L'iode 131 est vraisemblablement l'agent responsable de cette augmentation. Ces données renforcent l'importance de la prophylaxie par l'iodure de potassium de l'irradiation de la thyroïde en cas d'accident de centrale nucléaire, notamment chez les enfants où elle est pratiquement sans danger.