gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersity within Brushes Plays a Major Role in Determining Their Interfacial Properties: The Case of Oligoxazoline-Based Graft Polymers (2021)

Many synthetic polymers used to form polymer-brush films feature a main backbone with functional, oligomeric side chains. While the structure of such graft polymers mimics biomacromolecules to an extent, it lacks the monodispersity and structural purity present in nature. Here we demonstrate that side-chain heterogeneity within graft polymers significantly influences hydration and the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions in the subsequently formed brushes and consequently impacts fundamental interfacial properties. This is demonstrated for the case of poly(methacrylate)s (PMAs) presenting oligomeric side chains of different length (<i>n</i>) and dispersity. A precise tuning of brush structure was achieved by first synthesizing oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) methacrylates (OEOXMAs) by cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP), subsequently purifying them into discrete macromonomers with distinct values of <i>n</i> by column chromatography, and finally obtaining poly[oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) methacrylate]s (POEOXMAs) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Assembly of POEOXMA on Au surfaces yielded graft polymer brushes with different side-chain dispersities and lengths, whose properties were thoroughly investigated by a combination of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. Side-chain dispersity, or dispersity <i>within</i> brushes, leads to assemblies that are more hydrated, less adhesive, and more lubricious and biopassive compared to analogous films obtained from graft polymers characterized by a homogeneous structure.
Organic Template‐Free Synthesis of Aluminosilicate Zeolite ECR‐1. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Segmentation of pelvic vessels in pediatric MRI using a patch based learning approach (2018)

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Combinatorial materials discovery strategy for high entropy alloy electrocatalysts using deposition source permutations (2021)

High entropy alloys offer a huge search space for new electrocatalysts. Searching for a global property maximum in one quinary system could require, depending on compositional resolution, the synthesis of up to 10E6 samples which is impossible using conventional approaches. Co-sputtered materials libraries address this challenge by synthesis of controlled composition gradients of each element. However, even such a materials library covers less than 1% of the composition space of a quinary system. We present a new strategy using deposition source permutations optimized for highest improvement of the covered new compositions. Using this approach, the composition space can be sampled in different subsections allowing identification of the contribution of individual elements and their combinations on electrochemical activity. Unsupervised machine learning reveals that electrochemical activity is governed by the complex interplay of chemical and structural factors. Out of 2394 measured compositions, a new highly active composition for the oxygen reduction reaction around Ru17Rh5Pd19Ir29Pt30 was identified.
High frequency modulation of strained layer multiple quantum well optical amplifiers (1991)

The use of strained layer multiple quantum well optical amplifiers for high frequency modulation and switching of a laser diode output is described. Modulation bandwidth of 1.8 GHz and digital modulation at 2 Gbit/s have been demonstrated.
An Anthropometric Dimensions Measurement Method Using Multi-pose Human Images with Complex Background (2019)

Abstract Automatically acquire anthropometric dimensions using two-dimensional images, providing a convenient, effective and low-cost way for measuring anthropometric parameters. In the existing methods, the background and posture of the user are highly restricted, and the anthropometric dimensions obtained by using the ellipsoid model is not accurate enough. On this observation, we propose a new method for measuring the anthropometric dimensions. This method integrates the deep learning method with the deeplabv3 and openpose frameworks, and introduces the contour matching method to get anthropometric dimensions instead of using ellipsoid model. Experiments show our method can effectively dealing with the complex background and posture problems, and improving the accuracy.
A single-layer metamaterial-based polarizer and bandpass frequency selective surface with an adjacent transmission zero (2011)

In this article, a high order bandpass miniaturized-element frequency selective surface (MEFSS) and a wire-grid polarizer are implemented on a single-layer substrate. This compact spatial filter and polarizer are designed to be incorporated in a 26 GHz UWB rangefinder radar. The spatial filter has a passband at 26 GHz and a transmission zero at 13 GHz. A new single-face miniaturized-element FSS has been proposed to produce the desired frequency response. An accurate circuit model has been developed for this structure to facilitate the filter synthesis process. The structure has been analyzed and optimized with a full-wave EM solver. A prototype of the designed structure has been fabricated and tested. Measurement results show low insertion loss in the passband (<;0.5 dB) and high rejection at transmission zero (>;20dB).
Defining the Web: the politics of search engines (2000)

Although the Web itself might truthfully claim a sovereign disinterested and unbiased attitude toward the people who use it, the authors claim that search engines, the tools that navigate the astronomical number of pages (800 million and counting), favor popular, wealthy, and powerful sites at the expense of others. Some researchers have estimated that, taken individually, none of the Web search engines studied indexes more than 16 percent of the total indexable Web. Combined, the results from all search engines they studied covered only about 42 percent of the Web. But what about those portions of the Web that remain hidden from view? The article looks at how search engine developers, designers, and producers grapple with the technical limits that restrict what their engines can find. The authors also examine influences that may determine systematic inclusion and exclusion of certain sites, and the wide-ranging factors that dictate systematic prominence for some sites while relegating others to systematic invisibility.
Fragility transition in GeSe2–Se liquids (2002)

The heat capacity and entropy of liquids in the GeSe2–Se system are reported. The thermodynamics of the system is evaluated and discussed in light of earlier reported viscosities and recent structural studies of liquid GeSe2. The thermodynamics of liquid GeSe2 suggest that extensive structural disordering takes place in the liquid on heating and points to a fragile melt at high temperatures whereas the thermodynamic characteristics of the system close to the glass transition temperature suggests a much less fragile character. A consistent picture is evident from earlier viscosity data; the viscosity of GeSe2–Se glasses just above Tg supports a fragility minimum near x = 0.225, (x is x in GexSe1−x) while a monotonically increasing fragility is evident from the viscosity in the stable liquid and non-viscous region. We propose that the above discrepancy between the behaviour of the melts close to Tg and at high temperatures can be explained by a fragile-to-strong transition in supercooled GeSe2–Se. The transition is related to the onset of chemical disorder and the density minimum of GeSe2. The proposed fragile-to-strong transition of other tetrahedral liquids has also been linked to a first order liquid–liquid transition, which recently also have been discussed for GeSe2.
Functional Organization of Polytene Chromosomes (1978)

During the last few years, a unifying picture has emerged as to how DNA and histones are organized into nucleosomes representing the basic structure of chromosomes (see comment by Crick, following Keller; Chambon; both this volume). This picture, however, does not accommodate the vast number of nonhistone proteins which are known to be associated with chromosomal material and which must play an important role in the functional organization of chromosomes (Crick 1971; Paul 1972). One of the nonhistone proteins with a distinct role in the expression of genes and, therefore, with chromosome function is RNA polymerase B (or II) which is sensitive to low concentrations of α-amanitin and which is responsible for the synthesis of pre-mRNA.
Comparative distribution of bombesin/GRP‐ and substance‐P‐like immunoreactivities in rat hypothalamus (1984)

Immunohistochemical localization of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide ( GRP )-like immunoreactivity (BN/ GRP -LI) and substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in consecutive sections of rat hypothalamus was studied. Bombesin/ GRP -like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus was partially characterized by gel filtration chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay. In the hypothalamus, SP-LI was more widely distributed than BN/ GRP -LI. Only the anterior and medial parvocellular parts of the nucleus paraventricularis and the nucleus suprachiasmaticus contained numerous cell bodies which exhibited BN/ GRP -LI. Neurons in these areas did not exhibit SP-LI. In contrast, cell bodies exhibiting SP-LI were numerous in the nucleus preopticus medialis and lateralis, nucleus anterior, nucleus ventromedialis and dorsomedialis, nucleus lateralis, nucleus arcuatus, and nucleus premamillaris ventralis and dorsalis. Only occasional cell bodies in these areas exhibited BN/ GRP -LI. It is concluded that the neuronal systems in the hypothalamus containing BN/ GRP -LI and SP-LI are separate, though the terminal fields in many areas overlap. Two peaks of BN/ GRP -LI were detected after gel filtration chromatography from extracts of the rat nucleus paraventricularis. The high molecular weight form coeluted with synthetic GRP (1-27), and the small molecular weight form eluted after synthetic bombesin. Thus, the endogenous BN/ GRP -LI is probably not authentic bombesin.
Gene networks involved in apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in human lymphoma U937 cells (2009)

To define the molecular mechanisms that mediate hyperthermia-induced apoptosis, we performed microarray and computational gene expression analyses. U937 cells, a human myelomonocytic lymphoma cell line, were treated with hyperthermia at 42 degrees C for 90 min and cultured at 37 degrees C. Apoptotic cells ( approximately 15%) were seen 6 h after hyperthermic treatment, and elevated expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) including Hsp27, Hsp40, and Hsp70 was detected, following the activation of heat shock factor-1. Of the 54,675 probe sets analyzed, 1334 were upregulated and 4214 were downregulated by >2.0-fold in the cells treated with hyperthermia. A non-hierarchical gene clustering algorithm, K-means clustering, demonstrated 10 gene clusters. The gene network U1 or U2 that was obtained from up-regulated genes in cluster I or IX contained HSPA1B, DNAJB1, HSPH1, and TXN or PML, LYN, and DUSP1, and were mainly associated with cellular compromise, and cellular function and maintenance or death, and cancer, respectively. In the decreased gene cluster II, the gene network D1 including CCNE1 and CEBPE was associated with the cell cycle and cellular growth and proliferation. These findings will provide a basis for understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by hyperthermia at 42 degrees C in cells.
Identification of Rat Hippocampal mRNAs Altered by the Mitochondrial Toxicant, 3‐NPA (2005)

A bstract : 3‐Nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA) is a model mitochondrial inhibitor that causes selective neurodegeneration in brain. 3‐NPA‐induced neurodegeneration occurs via a secondary neurotoxicity, caused initially by ATP depletion and redox changes in the cell. It is known that the hippocampal degeneration caused by mitochondrial dysfunction affects learning and memory, cognitive functions commonly disturbed in neurodegenerative diseases. The 3‐NPA‐ treated animal model can be used to study molecular mechanisms underlying selective degeneration in the brain. In this study, a microarray approach was utilized to define changes in the expression of 530 genes in the rat hippocampus after acute exposure to 3‐NPA at 30 mg/kg, sc. The microarray data were collected at 30 min, 2 h, and 4 h post‐3‐NPA. Statistical modeling using an ANOVA mixed model applied to Van der Waerden scores of rank‐transformed intensity data was used to assign statistical significance to 44 transcripts. These transcripts represent genes associated with energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, the cytoskeleton, neurotransmitter metabolism, and other cellular functions. Changes in the transcripts of genes encoding 2 transporters [blood‐brain specific anion transporter ( Slco1c1 ) and sodium‐dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter ( Slc17a7 )] were confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR. In conclusion, this study identified 2 new potential targets for enhancement of neuroprotection or inhibition of neurodegeneration associated with ATP depletion in the hippocampus.
Performance assessment of a spectrum and radio resource management architecture for heterogeneous wireless networks (2010)

The emerging radio landscape will consist of heterogeneous wireless networks, operating in the framework of diverse co-operative associations of network operators, for accommodation of the demands of users with multimode and/or multihoming enabled terminals. In this context, the optimized spectrum and radio resource utilization will be key factor for the accomplishment of the goals of both users and operators, namely the satisfaction of user's needs and the augmentation of operators' profits. The IEEE P1900.4 standardisation group is working towards specifying architectures and functions that will enable networkterminal distributed decision making for optimized radio resource usage in such heterogeneous wireless access networks. In alignment with the recently standardized P1900.4 management architecture, in this paper we set up an experimentation platform and conduct indicative experiments for both the demonstration and performance assessment of the management architecture. The assessment results show satisfactory behavior in terms of induced management signaling loads and time delays, that is equivalent to minimal intervention into the real network operation.
Methionine sulfoximine reduces cortical infarct size in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. (1990)

The methionine analogue methionine sulfoximine was administered to 10 rats 24 hours before occlusion of the proximal left middle cerebral artery. Three days later the rats were decapitated and the brain infarct volumes were compared with those in 10 control rats that received saline before middle cerebral artery occlusion. The mean volume of the infarct in the cerebral cortex was reduced by 33% in the group treated with methionine sulfoximine (p less than 0.01). This protective effect may be mediated by a presynaptic mechanism; methionine sulfoximine profoundly inhibits brain glutamine synthetase, thereby interrupting the astrocyte-neuron glutamate shuttle and impairing neuronal glutamate release. Methionine sulfoximine also increases brain glycogen stores, and this increased energy reserve may benefit penumbral tissue during the peri-infarct period. Further study of the mechanisms by which methionine sulfoximine decreases infarct volume could lead to new therapeutic approaches for stroke.
Effect of Heterospermic Insemination on Fertility of Cattle (1975)

In 1971, 1972 and 1973 cattle were inseminated with frozen semen from three individual bulls (homospermic) and seminal mixtures from these bulls (heterospermic). Post-thaw spermatozoan motility in heterospermic treatments was not superior to homospermic treatments. The number of motile spermatozoa after thawing ranged from 7.4 to 12.1 × 106 per inseminate but less than 2% of the variability in first-service pregnancy rate was due to spermatozoal numbers. No signiFicant increase in fertility was obtained when insemination with mixtures of semen from two bulls was compared to homospermic insemination. The first-service pregnancy rate of 70.6% for 323 services with the seminal mixtures from three bulls was significantly higher (P < .05) than the 62.7% for 327 homospermic inseminations or 62.2% for 323 services with the seminal mixtures from two bulls. The overall mean pregnancy rate (first and second services combined) for the triple-seminal mixtures was higher than the single and double-seminal mixtures for each group of cattle inseminated. Heterospermic inseminations with frozen semen resulted in a deviation from the expected equal number of progeny per sire.
Isolation of Silenolates (R3Si)2SiC(OLi)Ad with a Doubly Bonded Silicon Atom (2010)

Die ersten Enolsilenolate, (tBuMe2Si)2SiC(OLi)Ad und (tBu2MeSi)2SiC(OLi)Ad, wurden synthetisiert und röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisiert. Im Unterschied zu organischen Enolaten, die ungeachtet ihrer Solvatisierung vorrangig in der Enolform vorliegen, ist bei Silenolaten Rechnungen zufolge die Enolform (links) in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln und die Ketoform (rechts) in stark solvatisierenden Lösungsmitteln bevorzugt. Ad=1-Adamantyl.
EVALUATION OF ACETABULAR DEFICIENCY IN REVISION THA: A NOVEL CLASSIFICATION AND RESULTS OF CEMENTLESS HEMISPHERICAL POROUS COATED CUP AND CANCELLOUS BONE GRAFT RECONSTRUCTION (2004)

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to evaluate acetabular bone deficiency in revision THA with a simple classification on the anteroposterior pelvis radiograph and correlate the results of cementless hemispherical porous coated cup and cancellous bone graft reconstruction. Methods: 70 acetabular revisions reconstructed employing large ‘jumbo’ porous coated cups with cancellous allo-grafting were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range 2 – 10 years). During this time period 7 additional acetabular reconstructions required impaction grafting, cage reinforcement and cemented cups. Pre- and postoperative measurements of acetabular bone loss and the position of the revision component were performed with respect to a previously described triangle defining the placement and size of an idealcup. Impaction bone allo-grafting techniques were employed to fill defects. A minimum of 40% implant contact to host bone, especially in the weight-bearing dome region was attained in all cases and a minimum of 2 screws supplemented fixation to the ilium. Clinical evaluation comprised the HSS score and a patient assessment questionnaire (PAQ). Radiographically, cups were examined for filling of defects, ingrowth, graft consolidation, and stability. Results: The mean HSS score improved from 18 to 33 out of a maximum of 40. The mean superior bone defect was 18 mm (range 10 – 25mm) and the mean medial bone defect was 7 mm (range 0 – 22mm). All the cement-less acetabular components were bone ingrown with the exception of one stable fibrous union. Allograft incorporation occurred at a mean of 7 months after surgery. Neither the status of Kohler’s line nor the Paprosky class correlated with eventual radiographic or clinical results. Discussion: We present a simple method of evaluation of acetabular bone deficiency on the A-P pelvis radiograph employing a triangle that locates the ideal center of rotation of the hip. Superior bone loss upto 25 mm and medial migration as much as 22 mm has been successfully reconstructed employing impacted, cancellous allograft, large porous coated hemispherical Cementless acetabular components and screw fixation with excellent outcomes at intermediate-follow-up. Larger defects necessitate complex reinforced cage reconstruction.
Distribution of Zeranol in Bovine Tissues Determined by Selected Ion Monitoring Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1988)

Bovine tissues, including liver, muscle, kidney, bile, serum, and urine, have been quantified by selected ion monitoring capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to establish the distribution of the anabolic drug, zeranol, and its metabolites, taleranol and zearalanone, after administration of zeranol to 9 bovine animals. The method used to isolate, confirm, and quantify zeranol is undergoing validation by the United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS). Application of this method demonstrates utility in determining residue levels of zeranol in a variety of tissues with levels ranging over 4 orders of magnitude (i.e., 100 parts per trillion (ppt) to 1 part per million (ppm]. The analyte levels determined in this study complement previously reported pharmacokinetic data on the distribution of zeranol in addition to providing more specific information for taleranol and zearalanone. In this quantitative study it is shown that the liver is the main organ of deposition for zeranol, taleranol, and zearalanone, that taleranol is the main metabolite in the bovine, and that zeranol is efficiently eliminated.
Inhibition by HAJ11 of respiratory burst in neutrophils and the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and phospholipase D activation (1997)

1. The possible mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyanilino)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate (HAJ11) on the respiratory burst of rat neutrophils in vitro was investigated. 2. HAJ11 caused a reversible and a concentration-dependent inhibition of formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2.-) generation (IC50 4.9 +/- 0.7 microM) and O2 consumption (IC50 4.9 +/- 1.5 microM). Concanavalin A (Con A)- and NaF-induced O2.- generation were also suppressed by HAJ11. However, HAL11 was a weak inhibitor of the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced responses. 3. HAJ11 did not scavenge the /2.- generation in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and dihydroxyfumaric acid (DHF) autoxidation. 4. HAJ11 showed no activity on fMLP-induced inositol phosphates formation and [Ca2+]i elevation in intact neutrophils. In addition, HAJ11 had no effect on neutrophil cytosolic phospholipase C (PLC) activity. 5. HAJ11 reduced fMLP-induced phosphatidic acid (PA) (IC50 29.1 +/- 6.5 microM) and phosphatidylethanol (PE+) (IC50 22.6 +/- 1.9 microM) formation in a concentration-dependent manner. HAJ11 also reduced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in neutrophils stimulated by fMLP. 6. HAJ11 was a weak inhibitor of neutrophil cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and had a negligible effect on brain PKC. Cellular cyclic nucleotides levels were not altered by HAJ11. In addition, HAJ11 did not affect protein kinase A (PKA) activity. 7. HAJ11 had not effect on the O2.- generation of PMA-activated and arachidonic acid (AA)-activated NADPH oxidase preparations. 8. Taken together these results indicate that the inhibition of respiratory burst by HAJ11 probably mainly occurs through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and phospholipase D (PLD) activity.
Chloride-Free Accelerators for Concrete Setting and Hardening (2005)

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Biologic Grafts and Synthetic Meshes in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery (2007)

Despite the lack of evidence, augmenting pelvic organ prolapse surgery with biologic graft or synthetic mesh is increasing. The objective of this review is to examine the available grafts and meshes and discuss the current data addressing the use of these implants in correction of apical, anterior, and posterior prolapse. Most of the studies are retrospective with few randomized controlled trials. There is level I evidence suggesting that repair of apical prolapse with abdominal sacral colpopexy using synthetic mesh results in improved outcomes. However, most of the data concerning graft or mesh incorporation in anterior or posterior repairs do not support augmentation with prosthesis.