gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commentary on No Monoclonal Protein in a Patient with CRAB Features (2021)

This is a rare case of myeloma in a 62-year-old woman without evidence of a monoclonal protein in the form of an intact immunoglobulin, an IgD heavy chain or free kappa or lambda light chains, but with significant marrow plasmacytosis, multiple large osseous lesions, organ damage, and debilitating painful illness. The impact of myeloma cell proliferation on bones and the hematopoietic organ and the absence of renal disease were notable, the latter likely due to the absence of light chains. Moreover, as the authors note, the myeloma cells expressed cyclin D1, a marker for translocation (11; 14) and for overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2. The t(11; 14) is associated with nonsecretory myeloma in almost 60% of patients (1). Although myeloma remains incurable, over the past 25 years the median survival of patients has increased from 3 years to more than 10 years, and the diagnostic and response criteria have also evolved as therapy has improved dramatically. The current assessment of patients achieving complete responses with negative serologic studies is aided by the availability of multiparameter flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing assays for minimal residual disease in marrow, as the authors note. There are, however, limitations to these methods because they depend on the cellular composition of marrow aspirates and because patients can have extramedullary myeloma, creating the requirement for imaging with positron emission scans. Tools are needed for tracking myeloma response and recurrence based on simple blood tests using additional markers such as soluble B-cell maturation antigen, a protein shed by secretory and nonsecretory myeloma cells alike (2). In addition, from a therapeutic perspective, for patients with myeloma harboring the t(11; 14) such as this 62-year-old patient, a role for the Bcl2 inhibitor venetoclax is currently being explored and holds great promise.
Parallel Operation Of Miniature Hollow Cathode Discharges (1994)

The pressure where hollow cathode discharges operate scales inversely with the cathode hole diameter. By reducing the size of the cathode hole to less than one millimeter, the authors were able to obtain stable operation of the hollow cathode glow discharge in air, up to ten`s of torr. The current-voltage characteristic was found to have a positive slope below approximately 5 torr. This allows the authors to operate hollow cathode discharges in parallel at these pressures without using ballast resistors for the individual discharges. In an experiment with four 0.75 mm diameter cathode holes drilled in a 0.75 mm copper plate, the authors obtained stable operation of the discharges at a threshold voltage of 380 V and a total current of 0.16 mA. The intensity of the glow from each hole tended to equalize after several hours of operation. The system was run for approximately 40 hours without evident change in performance. The stability with respect to parallel operation offers the possibility to use miniature hollow cathode discharge arrays as flat panel electron and ion sources.
Understanding Ozone Depletion: Measurements and Models (2008)

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the measurement systems available to make observations of the chemistry of the ozone layer. The characteristics and applications of the data collected are considered. Models provide insight into the physical processes taking place that determine the state of the ozone layer. The properties and uses of a number of models are examined.
High-resolution deep-tissue optical imaging using anti-Stokes phosphors (2013)

We report on the high-resolution deep-tissue imaging using novel water-dispersible upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) &beta;-NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+:</sup>Tm<sup>3+</sup>. Luminescence from the UCNP embedded into tissue-mimicking phantoms at the depth of 4 mm epi-illuminated with 975-nm laser radiation was detected. Fiber-optic detection shows 2-times better resolution compared with that obtained using CCD-based imaging modality. The conversion efficiency of upconversion particles and their cytotoxicity to HeLa cells were also investigated and reported.
The safety of intravenous dipyridamole thallium myocardial perfusion imaging. Intravenous Dipyridamole Thallium Imaging Study Group. (1990)

Clinical data on 3,911 patients were collected from 64 individual investigators to evaluate the safety of intravenous dipyridamole-thallium imaging as an alternative to exercise thallium imaging for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. There were two deaths because of myocardial infarctions, two nonfatal myocardial infarctions, and six cases of acute bronchospasm. Chest pain occurred in 770 patients (19.7%). Headache and dizziness were reported by 476 patients (12.2%) and 460 patients (11.8%), respectively. ST-T changes on the electrocardiogram were seen in 292 patients (7.5%). Use of parenteral aminophylline to treat adverse events associated with intravenous dipyridamole brought complete relief of symptoms in 439 of 454 patients (96.7%). There is a potential for increased risk for serious ischemic events in patients with a history of unstable angina who are administered intravenous dipyridamole. In patients with acutely unstable angina (i.e., continuing chest pain) or in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, use of intravenous dipyridamole in thallium scintigraphy should be avoided. There is also an increased risk for bronchospasm in patients with a history of asthma; acute bronchospasm can be relieved immediately by administration of aminophylline. These results demonstrate that intravenous dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy is a relatively safe, noninvasive technique for the evaluation of coronary artery disease.
Intracranial Drug Delivery for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2011)

Tice and colleagues pioneered site-specific, sustained-release drug delivery to the brain almost 30 years ago. Currently there is one drug approved for use in this manner. Clinical trials in subarachnoid hemorrhage have led to approval of nimodipine for oral and intravenous use, but other drugs, such as clazosentan, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and magnesium, have not shown consistent clinical efficacy. We propose that intracranial delivery of drugs such as nimodipine, formulated in sustained-release preparations, are good candidates for improving outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage because they can be administered to patients that are already undergoing surgery and who have a self-limited condition from which full recovery is possible.
Effects of antipsychotic treatment on psychopathology and motor symptoms in healthy volunteers (2011)

The subjective well-being under psychopharmacological treatment reported by patients gained substantial attention in recent years. Side-effects of antipsychotics show several similarities with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. They biological background has not been sufficiently understood yet. The aim of this randomized, single-blinded study was to investigate the influence of a prolonged dopamine deficit on psychopathology and subjective well-being in healthy subjects. 72 participants received for 7 days aripiprazole, haloperidol, reserpine or placebo. For the clinical assessment, structured interviews and established symptom scales were used. 7 out of 18 participants (38.9%) from the haloperidol group terminated the study ahead of schedule. Reserpine and haloperidol caused significantly higher levels of negative and positive symptoms (PANSS). Depressive symptoms predominantly occurred in the reserpine group. Among all participants with active treatment, the subgroup with positive family history among first and second generation relatives developed more pronounced depressive symptoms. Concerning extrapyramidal motoric symptoms, the haloperidol group had significantly the most severe manifestations. Antidopaminergic modulation in healthy subjects induced substantial impairments in several domains of subjective wellbeing. In particular an association between hypodopaminergic states and depressive symptoms was observed which may be amplified by a genetic predisposition.
A hermetic glass-silicon package formed using localized aluminum/silicon-glass bonding (2001)

A hermetic package based on localized aluminum/silicon-to-glass bonding has been successfully demonstrated. Less than 0.2 MPa contact pressure with 46 mA current input for two parallel 3.5-/spl mu/m-wide polysilicon on-chip microheaters can raise the temperature of the bonding region to 700/spl deg/C bonding temperature and achieve a strong and reliable bond in 7.5 min. The formation of aluminum oxide with silicon precipitate composite layer is believed to be the source of the strong bond. Accelerated testing in an autoclave shows some packages survive more than 450 h under 3 atm, 100% RH and 128/spl deg/C. Premature failure has been attributed to some unbonded regions on the failed samples. The bonding yield and reliability have been improved by increasing bonding time and applied pressure.
Efficient techniques for transition testing (2005)

Scan-based transition tests are added to improve the detection of speed failures in sequential circuits. Empirical data suggests that both data volume and application time will increase dramatically for such transition testing. Techniques to address the above problem for a class of transition tests, called enhanced transition tests, are proposed in this article.The first technique, which combines the proposed transition test chains with the ATE repeat capability, reduces test data volume by 46.5% when compared with transition tests computed by a commercial transition test ATPG tool. However, the test application time may sometimes increase. To address the test time issue, a new DFT technique, Exchange Scan, is proposed. Exchange scan reduces both data volume and application time by 46.5%. These techniques rely on the use of hold-scan cells and highlight the effectiveness of hold-scan design to address test time and test data volume issues. In addition, we address the problem of yield loss due to incidental overtesting of functionally-untestable transition faults, and we formulate an efficient adjustment to the algorithm to keep the overtest ratio low. Our experimental results show that up to 14.5% reduction in overtest ratio can be achieved, with an average overtest reduction of 4.68%.
Handling Locations in Search Engine Queries (2006)

This paper proposes simple techniques for handling place references in search engine queries, an important aspect of geographical information retrieval. We address not only the detection, but also the disambiguation of place references, by matching them explicitly with concepts at an ontology. Moreover, when a query does not reference any locations, we propose to use information from documents matching the query, exploiting geographic scopes previously assigned to these documents. Evaluation experiments, using topics from CLEF campaigns and logs from real search engine queries, show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of High‐Entropy Perovskite toward Highly Sensitive and Stable X‐ray Flat‐Panel Detectors (2023)

Perovskites are attracting attention for optoelectronic devices. Despite their promise, the large-scale synthesis of perovskite materials with exact stoichiometry, especially high-entropy perovskites, has been a major challenge. Moreover, the difficulty in stoichiometry control also hinders the development of perovskite X-ray flat-panel detectors. Previous reports all employed simple MAPbI<sub>3</sub> as the active layer, while the performance still falls short of optimized single-crystal-based single-pixel detectors. Herein, a scalable and universal strategy of a mechanochemical method is adopted to synthesize stoichiometric high-entropy perovskite powders with high quality and high quantity (>1 kg per batch). By utilizing these stoichiometric perovskites, the first FA<sub>0.9</sub> MA<sub>0.05</sub> Cs<sub>0.05</sub> Pb(I<sub>0.9</sub> Br<sub>0.1</sub> )<sub>3</sub> -based X-ray flat-panel detector with low trap density and large mobility-lifetime product (7.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> ) is reported. The assembled panel detector exhibits close-to-single-crystal performance (high sensitivity of 2.1 × 10<sup>4</sup> µC Gy<sub>air</sub> <sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> and ultralow detection limit of 1.25 nGy<sub>air</sub> s<sup>-1</sup> ), high spatial resolution of 0.46 lp/pixel, as well as excellent thermal robustness under industrial standards. The high performance in the high-entropy perovskite-based X-ray FPDs has the potential to facilitate the development of new-generation X-ray-detection systems.
Temperature dependence piezoreflectance study of the effect of doping MoS2with rhenium (2000)

We have recorded piezoreflectance (PzR) spectra at 15 K over the energy range 1.5 - 2.5 eV for undoped, 0.5% and 1% rhenium-doped (Re-doped) MoS2single crystals to examine the effect of dopant on the spectral features near the direct band- edge excitonic transitions. More elaborate temperature dependences of the excitonic features A and B of the Re-doped MoS2single crystals in the range 15 to 300 K have also been obtained using PzR. The energies and broadening parameters of the A and B excitons of the Re-doped MoS2samples have been determined accurately via a detailed line shape fit of the PzR spectra. The parameters that describe the temperature variation of the energies and broadening functions of the excitonic transitions are analysed. A plausible suggestion will be put forth to explain the role of rhenium in affecting the variation of the excitonic transitions.
Hypercross-linking surface IgM or IgD receptors on mature B cells induces apoptosis that is reversed by costimulation with IL-4 and anti-CD40. (1994)

Cross-linking of sIgM or sIgD receptors on mature B cells with appropriate anti-Ig Abs normally induces B cell activation and DNA synthesis. We show here that hypercross-linking of either class of sIg receptor on these cells by biotinylated, normally mitogenic anti-mu or anti-delta mAb by avidin rapidly induces unresponsiveness to heterologous anti-Ig, accompanied by DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. Apoptotic nuclei can be detected within 4 h after stimulation, but cells that survive for 12 to 16 h are abortively activated, as evidenced by increased levels of MHC class II Ags. Because the induction of B cell tolerance is known to be modulated by T cell-derived influences, we investigated the effects of two stimuli--IL-4 and ligation of CD40--that are known to affect B cell survival in this system. IL-4 partially reversed the induction of apoptosis, as did a mAb to CD40, and both reagents together caused almost complete reversal. We therefore conclude that in the absence of T cell help the extent of sIg receptor cross-linking on mature B cells determines whether the cells enter cycle or become deleted. We believe that this system represents a polyclonal model of clonal deletion of mature B cells induced by highly cross-linking Ags, such as type 2 T-independent polysaccharide Ags.
Animal Models in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review (2008)

Multiple neuroprotective agents have shown benefit for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in animal studies. However, clinical trials have, thus far, been uniformly disappointing. This review explores reasons for discrepancies between promising animal studies and disappointing clinical trials and potential barriers to extrapolation of research results from animals to humans. The three major barriers disclosed are: differences in injury type between laboratory-induced SCI and clinical SCI, difficulties in interpreting functional outcome in animals, and inter-species and interstrain differences in pathophysiology of SCI. These barriers can impair the effectiveness of animal models of SCI to predict human outcomes. While some of these barriers can be overcome, others are inherent to the animal models.
Hail damage to corn (1935)

Each year thousands of Corn Belt farmers, as they nurse their crops from kernel to ear watch gathering ram clouds with a hopeful eye. And each year, instead of the gentle shower of their anticipation, many of these farmers see the dreaded hailstorm come pounding across the country-side, leaving in its wake a path of twisted, bruised and broken corn plants.\nDepending upon the stage of development and the apparent severity of the damage, there follows the indecision as to whether to replant, replace with another crop or hope that following conditions will be favorable to the damaged field. Or, if the farmer is one of the large percentage of middlewestern farmers who carry hail insurance, there follows the problem of a satisfactory adjustment.\nSome idea of the importance of this problem to Iowa farmers is found in the fact that annual hail damage in this state alone often runs to more than 4.5 million dollars, with more than one-third of the state annually reporting some damage from this source. It has been estimated that farmers in Iowa have one chance in six of having crops damaged by hail.
Utility of the Methanesulfonyl Blocking Group. II.1 Synthesis of Isovanillic Acid and Methanesulfonyl Derivatives of Phenolic Acids2 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtility of the Methanesulfonyl Blocking Group. II.1 Synthesis of Isovanillic Acid and Methanesulfonyl Derivatives of Phenolic Acids2JAMES H. LOOKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1039–1041Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Rate of Respiration and Incorporation of P<SUP>32</SUP> into Adenosine Triphosohate of Rat Aorta Tissue (1965)

Tissue respiration and rate of incorporation of P32 into ATP of rat aorta were studied by using Warburg technique in vitro. 1. A decrease of the incorporation rate of P32 into ATP was observed within 45 minutes after sacrifice when the aortas were stored in a cold Krebs-Ringer-phosphate solution (pH 7 .4), 2. The metabolic inhibitors, cyanide and fluoride, depressed both the respiration and the incorporation of P32 into ATP. 3. The incorporation rate of P32 into ATP of aortas from 12 to 15 months old rats was lower than that of 1 to 2 months old rats, while no significant difference in Qo2 of aortas from young and old rats was observed. 4. The enhancement of both the respiration and the incorporation of P32 into ATP of rat aorta by acetylcholine was significant in young but not in old rats. 5. The incorporation of P32 into ATP was depressed in aortas from rats fed a magnesium deficient diet for 2 to 4 weeks, while the oxygen uptake was not decreased in a significant amount.
A case for fault-tolerant memory for transaction processing (2002)

For database transaction processing, the authors compare the relative price-performance of storing data in volatile memory (V-mem), fault-tolerant non-volatile memory (FT-mem), and disk. First, they extend Gray's five-minute rule, which compares the relative cost of storing data in volatile memory as against disk for read-only data, to read-write data. Second, they show that because of additional write overhead, FT-mem has a higher advantage over V-mem than previously thought. Previous studies comparing volatile and non-volatile memories have focused on the response time advantages of putting log data in non-volatile memory. The authors show that there is a direct reduction in disk I/O, which leads to a much larger savings in cost using an FT-mem buffer. Third, the five-minute model is a simple model that assumes knowledge of inter-access times for data items. The authors present a more realistic model that assumes an LRU buffer management policy. They combine this with the recovery time constraint and study the resulting price-performance. It is shown that the use of an FT-mem buffer can lead to a significant benefit in terms of overall price-performance.
Collaborative Research: An Integrated Microstructure-Based Approach to Property Prediction for Cement-Based Materials (2010)

The project is a collaborative effort between the research groups at the University of Maine and the University of California, Davis. It represents a convergence of 3D micro-structural imaging with discrete element computational modeling to address the need for quantitative links between salient micro-structural properties and bulk material performance. High-resolution 3D images of material microstructure will be produced using x-ray microtomography (XMT). These images will be used to examine the micromechanical response of cement composites to mechanical loading and drying shrinkage. 3D deformation fields and internal crack distributions will be measured at selected loading stages and correlated with the spatial distribution of inclusions and local variations in cement paste porosity. Through developments of a computational model and appropriate inverse analyses, we will provide refined estimates of micromechanical properties that have been difficult to measure, including cement-aggregate interfacial strength, bridging forces, and eigen stresses produced by drying shrinkage. The computational models will be based on an explicit representation of micro-structural features, as determined from the 3D image data. Whereas most of the measurements and analyses will be conducted at the micron to centimeter scale, the results will be interpreted as one of the several critical length scales necessary for modeling practical systems. The project results will contribute to the understanding of concrete fracture at the scale in which fine aggregates and meso-pores can be viewed as discrete entities. Little quantitative work exists for this situation. Knowledge of the details of cracking at this scale is essential to improving the performance of concrete materials, including current efforts to extend the service life of concrete structures exposed to severe environments. The proposed work fits within a paradigm shift towards morphological bases for material modeling. As such, the proposed work is relevant to a wider range of material classes, beyond cement and concrete composites.
In vivo calibration of a subcutaneous glucose sensor for determination of subcutaneous glucose kinetics (1988)

International audience