gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AEROBIC SLUDGE GRANULATION FOR PARTIAL NITRIFICATION OF AMMONIA-RICH INORGANIC WASTEWATER (2013)

Partial nitrification for the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) via nitrite has recently gained interest for treating high-strength ammonium wastewater with low organic matter content.However, stability of partial nitrification is still a challenge in activated sludge system.In the present study, the technique of aerobic granulation was developed to produce granules for stable nitritation, treating ammonia-rich inorganic influent with 400 mg NH 4 + -N/L.The morphology, physical properties, bacterial community structure and partial nitrification performance of the sludge were characterized throughout the experiments.The results indicated that aerobic granules could be produced for partial nitrification through selective discharge of small and slow-settling sludge flocs.Sludge granulation help to achieve ammonium oxidation to the level of nitritation, or partial nitrification, other than to complete nitrification.Based on DNA-base molecular analysis, aerobic granulation resulted in an enrichment of AOB and a reduction of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the granular sludge, which is highly favorable to a stable operation of partial nitrification.
Other Issues in Competing Risks (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Conditional probability function Comparing two types of risk in the same population Identifiability and testing independence Parametric modelling
Mining Association Rules from Data with Missing Values by Database Partitioning and Merging (2006)

Often, real world applications contain many missing values. In mining association rules from real datasets, treating missing values is an important problem. In this paper, we propose a pattern-growth based algorithm for mining association rules from data with missing values. No data imputations are performed. Each association rule is evaluated using all the data records with which attributes of it are not missing values. Our algorithm partitions the database so that the data record with which the same attributes contain missing values is assigned to the same database partition, and the algorithm mines association rules by combining these database partitions. We propose methods of reducing processing workload: estimating the upper bound of global support using local supports, reutilizing part of the constructed tree structure, and merging redundant database partitions. Our performance study shows that our algorithm is efficient and can always find all association rules
Contribution of endothelial progenitors and proangiogenic hematopoietic cells to vascularization of tumor and ischemic tissue (2006)

Angiogenic factors promote mobilization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-positive hematopoietic cells through matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediated release of soluble kit-ligand and recruit these proangiogenic cells to areas of hypoxia, where perivascular mural cells present stromal-derived factor 1 (CXCL-12) as an important retention signal. The same factors are possibly involved in mobilization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive endothelial precursors that may participate in neovessel formation. The complete characterization of mechanisms, mediators and signaling pathways involved in these processes will provide novel targets for both anti and proangiogenic therapeutic strategies.
Fracturing of Kimmeridge shale during heating (2014)

Organic-rich shales, traditionally considered as source rocks, have recently become targets as unconventional reservoirs. Understanding of the initiation and development of fractures in organic-rich shales is crucially important as they drastically increase permeability of these low permeability rocks. Natural fracturing can be induced by rapid decomposition of organic matter caused by either natural heating, such as emplacement of magmatic bodies into sedimentary basins or thermal methods used for enhanced oil recovery. In this study we integrate laboratory experiments and numerical modeling to study fracture development in organic-rich shale. A cylindrical sample was heated to 330˚C and high resolution microtomographic images of the sample were obtained. Large kerogen-filled pores and cracks initiated by the heating can be identified from these images. We repeat these tests for several temperatures between 330˚C and 430˚C. The microtomographic images are processed using AVIZO to estimate the dependency between the total surface area of fractures and the temperature experienced by the sample. Total organic carbon content was also tested in the samples. This approach enables a quantitative analysis of fracture initiation and development in organic-rich shales during heating.
Cortical Activation During Robotic Therapy for a Severely Affected Arm in a Chronic Stroke Patient : a Case Report (2008)

The use of robotic-aided therapy in a patient with residual damage from a previous stroke was an attempt to improve function in a moderate to severe hemiparetic arm. Cortical activities associated with motor recovery are not well documented and require investigation. A chronic stroke patient with a severely affected arm underwent a robotic-training program for 12 weeks. The robotic-aided therapy improved motor control and spasticity in the proximal upper-limb. An increased oxygenated hemoglobin level was observed at the motor-related area in the affected hemisphere. A 12-week robotic-aided training program used in a chronic stroke patient demonstrated elements of motor recovery, and was also associated with direct activation of the affected hemisphere.
Microfluidic Sensors with Impregnated Fluorophores for Simultaneous Imaging of Spatial Structure and Chemical Oxygen Gradients (2019)

Interior surfaces of polystyrene microfluidic structures were impregnated with the oxygen sensing dye Pt(II) tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtTFPP) using a solvent-induced fluorophore impregnation (SIFI) method. Using this technique, microfluidic oxygen sensors are obtained that enable simultaneous imaging of both chemical oxygen gradients and the physical structure of the microfluidic interior. A gentle method of fluorophore impregnation using acetonitrile solutions of PtTFPP at 50 °C was developed leading to a 10-μm-deep region containing fluorophore. This region is localized at the surface to sense oxygen in the interior fluid during use. Regions of the device that do not contact the interior fluid pathways lack fluorophores and are dark in fluorescent imaging. The technique was demonstrated on straight microchannel and pore network devices, the latter having pillars of 300 μm diameter spaced center to center at 340 μm providing pore throats of 40 μm. Sensing within channels or pores and imaging across the pore network devices were performed using a Lambert LIFA-P frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging system on a Leica microscope platform. Calibrations of different devices prepared by the SIFI method were indistinguishable. Gradient imaging showed fluorescent regions corresponding to the fluid pore network, dark pillars, and fluorescent lifetime varying across the gradient, thus providing both physical and chemical imaging. More generally, the SIFI technique can impregnate the interior surfaces of other polystyrene containers, such as cuvettes or cell and tissue culture containers, to enable sensing of interior conditions.
Synthesis of a Mesostructured Lamellar Niobium Phosphate. (2002)

Novel mesolamellar niobium phosphates have been synthesized using neutral and cationic surfactants. Long range ordered mesostructured lamellar phase was obtained with hexadecylamine (HDA) as a surfactant. A cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) gives disordered lamellar structure. Influence of various parameters such as temperature, surfactant/Nb, H3PO4/Nb and method of preparation were studied. Mesolamellar spacing of compounds prepared using HDA is between 3.53 and 4.35nm, depending upon synthesis parameters.
<title>Investigation of robust video streaming using a wavelet-based rate-scalable codec</title> (2000)

In this paper we investigate the use of a fully rate scalable wavelet codec known as SAMCoW (Scalable Adaptive Motion Compensated Wavelet) for use in robust video streaming. We develop a theory based on the notion of additive temporal distortion to predict the performance of the bit stream under error conditions. Due to the regular nature of SAMCoW, a closed-form solution is found and compared experimentally to a SAMCoW stream in a simulated channel.
Copolymerization of ethylene and styrene with supported TiCl4/NdCl3 catalyst (1994)

Abstract The copolymerization of ethylene and styrene was carried out in the presence of TiCl 4 /NdCl 3 /MgCl 2 /AlEt 3 catalyst. The influences of comonomer ratio, concentrations of catalyst and AlEt 3 , solvents, and temperature on the copolymerization were investigated. Copolymerization products containing styrene of 4–85 mol % were obtained with good yield. The results of 13 C‐NMR, IR, X‐ray diffraction, and solvent extraction show that the products are mainly copolymers with various comonomer sequences and exhibit special mechanical properties. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
A Green and Environmentally Friendly, An Improved Synthesis of Pimavanserin (5-HT2A Receptor) (2019)

Water mediated and environmentally friendly, step-wise an improved synthesis of pimavanserin have been developed from the key intermediate of 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-isobutoxybenzyl)-1-(1-methyl piperidin-4-yl) thiourea at different solvent conditions. These reactions have an easy workup; provide good to excellent yields, and uses water as the solvent which is considered to be relatively environmentally benign and no need of column chromatography for product isolation.
Cone and Rod Loss in Stargardt Disease Revealed by Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy (2015)

This study provides in vivo images of rods and cones in STGD1. Although the primary clinical features of STGD1 are retinal pigment epithelial lesions, adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy reveals increased cone and rod spacing in areas that appear normal in conventional images, suggesting that photoreceptor loss precedes clinically detectable retinal pigment epithelial disease in STGD1.
DMS service management (2002)

The Department of Defense's transition from AUTODIN store and forward messaging and baseline individual electronic mail (email) systems to the Defense Message System (DMS) will involve fielding a messaging infrastructure to support a million plus users. The DMS service management capability needs to be able to handle operational issues such as end-to-end performance, message monitoring and tracking, fault correlation and filtering, provisioning, short-term and long range planning, configuration management, and user help desk functions. The DMS service management needs to be scalable from the initial deployment to the target, and it needs to be able to evolve functionally as the industry and government improves their understanding of what is required to manage large scale enterprise-wide services such as messaging, global directories, electronic commerce, and other services. This paper presents the three-tiered management organization along with the roles and responsibilities for managing DMS within the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) Control Concept. Next, the tools and technology and the evolution strategy for the management capability are discussed. During the transition the DMS-compliant and the baseline capabilities will co-exist, however, minimal investment is being made to improve or change the management of the baseline systems. Thus, the focus of this paper is the operations and management concepts for the DMS-compliant capabilities.
A two-mode treatment of the4T2g×ϵJahn-Teller system V2+:MgO (1984)

In the impurity system V2+:MgO, a d3 ion replaces a Mg2+ ion at an octahedral site. The resulting Zeeman spectra have been a puzzle for many years even with techniques employing high magnetic fields and low temperatures. In this paper, the system is treated as a Jahn-Teller 4T2g*( epsilon 1+ epsilon 2) system. In this treatment the triply degenerate electronic state designated by the group theoretical irreducible representation T couples to a spin state of J=3/2 to form spin-orbit states which couple through the electron-phonon interaction to doubly degenerate distortions of the lattice denoted epsilon which break the electronic degeneracy. While the electronic states can couple to the entire phonon spectrum of epsilon -distortions, the cluster approximation is usually employed which approximates by coupling to one suitably chosen frequency mode. In 4T2g*( epsilon 1+ epsilon 2) coupling is taken to two different modes epsilon 1 and epsilon 2 whose frequencies and coupling strengths are varied to probe the phonon density of states. This multimode treatment is found to yield better agreement with experimental results due to the sensitivity of the intensity quenching to a weakly coupled low-frequency mode.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition Reactions to 2‐Azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct‐3‐enes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
14-Methyl steroids. Part 2. Total synthesis of (±)-14α-methyl-19-norsteroids (1983)

trans-1,6-Dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-2,7-dione (1) is converted, via regiospecific homologation at C-2, into trans-1,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-3,7-dione (6). Conjugate alkylation of (6) with m-methoxybenzylmagnesium chloride followed by acid treatment, affords a mixture of (±)-3-methoxy-14-methyl-14α-estra-1,3,5(10),9(11)-tetraen-17-one (8) and the corresponding Δ8-isomer (9). The stereoselectivity of reductions of the Δ9(11)- and Δ8-bonds in (8) and (9) and the derived 17-acetals is examined, and an efficient synthesis of (±)-3-methoxy-14-methyl-14α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (13) is described.
Learning to Share and Hide Intentions using Information Regularization (2018)

Learning to cooperate with friends and compete with foes is a key component of multi-agent reinforcement learning. Typically to do so, one requires access to either a model of or interaction with the other agent(s). Here we show how to learn effective strategies for cooperation and competition in an asymmetric information game with no such model or interaction. Our approach is to encourage an agent to reveal or hide their intentions using an information-theoretic regularizer. We consider both the mutual information between goal and action given state, as well as the mutual information between goal and state. We show how to optimize these regularizers in a way that is easy to integrate with policy gradient reinforcement learning. Finally, we demonstrate that cooperative (competitive) policies learned with our approach lead to more (less) reward for a second agent in two simple asymmetric information games.
The Industrial Production of Water Dedicated to Absorption of Gases (2021)

The paper presents a flow plasma reactor permitting modification of the properties of water/aqueous solutions by stochastic resonance amplification of vibrations of selected chemical species in water with electromagnetic noise generated during a plasma discharge. The main parameters characterizing the quality for super-pure water, tap water and water from the intake in Besko (Poland) before and after the process in the plasma reactor were presented for comparison. In addition, the 17O NMR (the full width at half maximum) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) methods were used to determine differences in physicochemical parameters between the untreated and plasma-treated water. It has been established that the water subjected to plasma treatment shows much different gas absorption properties than the untreated water samples, as a function of temperature and pressure, in this paper we report exemplary data for CO2, oxygen and acetylene. The improved gas absorption properties of the plasma-treated water make it attractive for the use in industrial processes. It is worth pointing to a great capacity of the new reactor (4000 l/h), and low energy consumption (20 MJ/h) for the treatment of the above mentioned volume flow rate of water.
Supplementary Figure 11 from HO-3867, a Safe STAT3 Inhibitor, Is Selectively Cytotoxic to Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 163K, Representative Annexin V flow cytomety plots of chemotherapy-resistant primary cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Behavioral flexibility of the trawling long-legged bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) (2013)

We assessed the behavioral flexibility of the trawling long-legged bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) in flight cage experiments by exposing it to prey suspended from nylon threads in the air and to food placed onto the water surface at varying distances to clutter-producing background (water plants). The bat revealed flexibility in foraging mode and caught prey in the air (aerial hawking) and from the water surface (trawling). M. macrophyllum was constrained in finding food very near to and within clutter. As echolocation was the prime sensory mode used by M. macrophyllum for detection and localization of food, the bat might have been unable to perceive sufficient information from prey near clutter as background echoes from the water plant increasingly overlapped with echoes from food. The importance of echolocation for foraging is reflected in a stereotypic call pattern of M. macrophyllum that resembles other aerial insectivorous and trawling bats with a pronounced terminal phase (buzz) prior to capture attempts. Our findings contrast studies of other phyllostomid bats that glean prey very near or from vegetation, often using additional sensory cues, such as prey-produced noise, to find food and that lack a terminal phase in echolocation behavior. In M. macrophyllum, acoustic characteristics of its foraging habitat have shaped its sonar system more than phylogeny.
ICI equalizer in a CCK based DSSS communication system (2004)

In a typical indoor wireless environment, multipath channels are often encountered which introduce inter symbol interference (ISI). Multipath delay spread also cause interchip interference (ICI) in a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) system. ISI arises from the past symbols whereas ICI is caused by the past chips within the same symbol. In this paper, we present two ICI equalization schemes, namely, deconvolution and gain scaling and compare their performance in the presence of Rayleigh faded multipath channels having different delay spread. These ICI equalizers are used in IEEE 802.11b based WLAN receivers to study the performance improvement. We present simulation results with delay spread channels yielding significant improvement in packet error rate performance.
Physically motivated fast-fading model for indoor peer-to-peer channels (2009)

To model the fast-fading statistics of the wireless transmission channel in indoor peer-to-peer scenarios, an amplitude distribution composed of three distinct components was investigated. They correspond to line-of-sight, once-reflected and twice-reflected propagation paths. It is shown experimentally that this distribution matches indoor peer-to-peer links better than the available alternatives. Furthermore, an interesting structure in the parameter space of the distribution is pointed out, leading to a simple stochastic parameterisation based on a three-modal normal distribution.
3P-210 Photoreaction of iLOV, an FMN-binding fluorescence protein.(Photobiology:Vision & Photoreception,The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

Phetemtermediates of Ndtrenomonav pharaonts phoborhodopsm rLNealed bi iegollante Raman spectrogLepy "Iasashi Unno (1) Yusuke 1iteshi (]) YutdkdNakao {2} Jun Timogirn
Thick Cylindrical Coil Systems for Strong Magnetic Fields with Field or Gradient Homogeneities of the 6th to 20th Order (1967)

For strong homogeneous fields the ideal loop and solenoid elements of a prototype system may be expanded into thick cylindrical coils whose current density is (a) uniform or (b) inversely proportional to the cylindrical radius. Error coefficients of the zonal harmonic series for field or gradient that are cancelled in any given prototype continue to vanish as the elements are expanded, even to fusion, if at each stage the coil boundaries are adjusted by an iterative method. This involves the use of (a) the harmonic source functions Un* or (b) the Legendre functions Pn; either set is best computed by a recursion formula. An alternative method based on Lyle's principle requires no iterations and only trivial calculations. Though it also is valid for systems of any order, it can only expand a set of loops into coils with square cross sections of limited area. Also, the true null coefficients are replaced by small residues proportional to 4th and higher powers of the section dimensions when the second method is used. The number of tabulated prototype systems of the 6th and 8th orders is increased to more than 200. Since multiply infinite sets of prototypes can be computed for every order higher than the 8th, univariate tables would be inadequate and only a few illustrative examples of such systems are given. Some 150 thick-walled systems of the 6th or 8th order are listed in several tables, but such a selection can only suggest the wide range of possibilities. These systems have more degrees of freedom than do the corresponding prototypes, and even the 6th order is multivariant. At the 8th order and beyond, the growing redundancy of variables permits the design of systems with a common current density in all coils and with all section dimensions proportional to a set of small integers. Systems of order 4n have paired coils with gaps for lateral access, an advantage that is lacking in the 6th-order designs. Efficient computer programs have been written to design systems of all the types so far enumerated, including multiple sets of both prototypes and fully adjusted systems of thick coils for orders from 8 to 20 in steps of 4. Since adequate tabulation of results is ruled out by their diversity and sheer bulk, in view of the wide range of potential applications the programs themselves must be considered the basic research tool. They will be described in detail elsewhere. As a measure of field inhomogeneity, including contributions from all orders and from both axial and radial field components, the concept of total vector error is developed. The tables include error limits for all systems, and some 40 systems or their error contours are shown in the figures.
ENDORSE Concept (2019)

Hospitals are considered a field of logistic robotics of high commercial potential and therefore a handful of mobile robot solutions exist. However, they have failed to trigger widespread acceptance by the market. The ENDORSE system will pursue 4 innovation pillars: an infrastructure-less multi-robot navigation, i.e. minimum installation of sensors and communications buses inside the building for the localization of robots, targets and docking stations; advanced HRI for resolving deadlocks and achieving efficient sharing of space resources in crowded environments; the deployment of ENDORSE software as a cloud-based service facilitating its integration with corporate software solutions such as ERP and CRM, complying with GDPR data security requirements; and allowing for reconfigurable and modular hardware architectures so that diverse modules can be easily swapped. ENDORSE functionality will be demonstrated via the integration of an e-diagnostic support module for vital signs monitoring, facilitating connectivity to cloud-based EHR, and validated in an operational hospital environment for realistic assessment.