gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Transcranial Ultrasound Imaging of Microbubble Clouds Using a Sparse Hemispherical Array (2014)

There is an increasing interest in bubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS) interventions in the brain. However, current technology lacks the ability to spatially monitor the interaction of the microbubbles with the applied acoustic field, something which is critical for safe clinical translation of these treatments. Passive acoustic mapping could offer a means for spatially monitoring microbubble emissions that relate to bubble activity and associated bioeffects. In this study, a hemispherical receiver array was integrated within an existing transcranial therapy array to create a device capable of both delivering therapy and monitoring the process via passive imaging of bubble clouds. A 128-element receiver array was constructed and characterized for varying bubble concentrations and source spacings. Initial in vivo feasibility testing was performed. The system was found to be capable of monitoring bubble emissions down to single bubble events through an ex vivo human skull. The lateral resolution of the system was found to be between 1.25 and 2 mm and the axial resolution between 2 and 3.5 mm, comparable to the resolution of MRI-based temperature monitoring during thermal FUS treatments in the brain. The results of initial in vivo experiments show that bubble activity can be mapped starting at pressure levels below the threshold for blood-brain barrier disruption. This study presents a feasible solution for imaging bubble activity during cavitation-mediated FUS treatments in the brain.
Optimizing quantum codes with an application to the loss channel with partial erasure information (2022)

Quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) are the means of choice whenever quantum systems suffer errors, e.g., due to imperfect devices, environments, or faulty channels. By now, a plethora of families of codes is known, but there is no universal approach to finding new or optimal codes for a certain task and subject to specific experimental constraints. In particular, once found, a QECC is typically used in very diverse contexts, while its resilience against errors is captured in a single figure of merit, the distance of the code. This does not necessarily give rise to the most efficient protection possible given a certain known error or a particular application for which the code is employed.In this paper, we investigate the loss channel, which plays a key role in quantum communication, and in particular in quantum key distribution over long distances. We develop a numerical set of tools that allows to optimize an encoding specifically for recovering lost particles both deterministically and probabilistically, where some knowledge about <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>w</mml:mi><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:math> was lost is available, and demonstrate its capabilities. This allows us to arrive at new codes ideal for the distribution of entangled states in this particular setting, and also to investigate if encoding in qudits or allowing for non-deterministic correction proves advantageous compared to known QECCs. While we here focus on the case of losses, our methodology is applicable whenever the errors in a system can be characterized by a known linear map.
Complementary Effects of Host Defense Peptides Piscidin 1 and Piscidin 3 on DNA and Lipid Membranes: Biophysical Insights into Contrasting Biological Activities (2015)

Piscidins were the first antimicrobial peptides discovered in the mast cells of vertebrates. While two family members, piscidin 1 (p1) and piscidin 3 (p3), have highly similar sequences and α-helical structures when bound to model membranes, p1 generally exhibits stronger antimicrobial and hemolytic activity than p3 for reasons that remain elusive. In this study, we combine activity assays and biophysical methods to investigate the mechanisms underlying the cellular function and differing biological potencies of these peptides, and report findings spanning three major facets. First, added to Gram-positive (Bacillus megaterium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria at sublethal concentrations and imaged by confocal microscopy, both p1 and p3 translocate across cell membranes and colocalize with nucleoids. In E. coli, translocation is accompanied by nonlethal permeabilization that features more pronounced leakage for p1. Second, p1 is also more disruptive than p3 to bacterial model membranes, as quantified by a dye-leakage assay and (2)H solid-state NMR-monitored lipid acyl chain order parameters. Oriented CD studies in the same bilayers show that, beyond a critical peptide concentration, both peptides transition from a surface-bound state to a tilted orientation. Third, gel retardation experiments and CD-monitored titrations on isolated DNA demonstrate that both peptides bind DNA but p3 has stronger condensing effects. Notably, solid-state NMR reveals that the peptides are α-helical when bound to DNA. Overall, these studies identify two polyreactive piscidin isoforms that bind phosphate-containing targets in a poised amphipathic α-helical conformation, disrupt bacterial membranes, and access the intracellular constituents of target cells. Remarkably, the two isoforms have complementary effects; p1 is more membrane active, while p3 has stronger DNA-condensing effects. Subtle differences in their physicochemical properties are highlighted to help explain their contrasting activities.
The synthesis of oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium salts (1970)

A synthesis of 2-substituted oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium salts is described. The appropriate 2-(4-ethoxybutyryl)-oxazoles are treated with hydrobromic acid and then cyclised and aromatised by boiling acetic anhydride. Attempts to prepare 2-substituted oxazoles suitable for the synthesis of the parent oxazolopyridinium ion have been unsuccessful. Catalytic reduction of two oxazolopyridinium salts leads to ring opening giving N-substituted 2-piperidones.
What determines the sound of a sinusoid? (1993)

‘‘Damped sounds,’’ constructed by repeating a short segment of a sinusoid with an exponential decay, were compared with ‘‘ramped sounds,’’ constructed by reversing each damped sound in time. As the half-life of the decay function decreases through values less than the repetition period, the continuity of the sinusoid is disrupted and its distinctive sound quality fades away. However, these changes occur far sooner for the damped sound. Damped/ramped pairs with the same carrier frequency and repetition rate have identicalpowerspectra, so simple spectral models predict noperceptualdifference for these sounds. Excitation patterns generated with filterbanks and leaky integrators show that damped sounds have sharper spectral peaks than corresponding ramped sounds, so auditory models with simple leaky integrators predict the reverse of what is heard. A new model that employs strobed temporal integration to stabilize neural activity patterns suggests that ramped stimuli sound more sinusoidal because they produce more time intervals near the carrier period, although not in the carrier channel, and the perception is more continuous because the strobe threshold function is asymmetric in time.
Divide-and-conquer approach to the generation of mid-infrared frequency combs (2011)

A novel approach for producing mid-IR frequency combs is based on frequency division, namely transposing the frequency comb of the pump laser to the half of its central frequency in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO). This approach offers the following major advantages: simplicity of the setup, low (-100 mW) pump power required, potential for high (>; 90%) conversion efficiency where most of the pump photons are converted into subharmonic, and possibility to dramatically exceed the bandwidth of the pump frequency comb, thanks to cross mixing combined with an enormous acceptance bandwidth, typical for type 0 or type 1 OPOs at degeneracy.
Ultrafast Streaming Camera Platform for Scientific Applications (2013)

X-ray computer tomography is a powerful method for nondestructive investigations in many fields. Three-dimensional images of internal structure are reconstructed from a sequence of two-dimensional projections. The polychromatic high density photon flux of modern synchrotron light sources offer hard X-ray imaging with spatio-temporal resolution up to the micrometer and micrometers range. Existing indirect X-ray image detection systems can be adapted for fast image acquisition by high-speed visible-light cameras. In this paper, we present a platform for custom high-speed CMOS cameras with embedded field-programmable gate array (FPGA) processing. This modular system is characterized by a high-throughput PCI Express (PCIe) interface and efficient communication blocks. It has been used to develop a novel architecture for a self-event trigger that increases the effective image frame rate and reduces the amount of received data. Thanks to a low-noise design, high frame rates in the kilohertz range, and high-throughput data transfer, this camera is well suited for ultrafast synchrotron-based X-ray radiography and tomography. The camera setup is accomplished by high-throughput Linux drivers and a seamless integration in our GPU computing framework.
Experimental study and three-dimensional modeling of moisture transport in wood by means of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with a heat and mass transfer simulation method (2022)

Abstract Substantial efforts have been undertaken for visualizing and simulating the characteristics of water movement in wood. However, three-dimensional (3D) thermo-hygric simulations still pose challenges, not only because wood has a heterogeneous microstructure that results in complex computational models but also because there is a lack of proper experimental techniques to support and validate the model constructions. In this study, the moisture distribution in wood during the water adsorption and desorption processes was first visualized using a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR–HSI) method that has high resolution, sensibility, and stability. Then, based on the moisture visualization results, the main parameters of a mass transfer simulation code were varied. The visualization and simulation results were confirmed to match well with the main characteristics; e.g., drying speed was slower in the wood parts with higher densities. Additionally, there was a relatively large gradient over the surface layer of the wood samples as the drying progressed, whereas this was not an obvious feature in the water adsorption process. Hence, this study proposes that the NIR–HSI method can be combined with thermo-hygric and 3D simulation model construction. Such an approach provides the basis for optimizing drying conditions and providing high-quality wood products.
Message to the Membership (2011)

The hustle and bustle of the holiday season has once again passed, and it is time to get back to work. Did you make a New Year's resolution? Resolutions are often made in an attempt to improve ourselves or things we care about. It has been said that only 60 percent of those making a resolution are able to keep it for at least part of the year. It is difficult to be focused for an entire year, but what about 30 days? It takes about 21 to 30 days to make a habit stick. Habits and routines develop over time and it is easier to focus on one month, enjoy success, and then move on to the next month with even greater energy. Here are a few resolutions we can work on to help our birds. 1. Get someone interested in birds and explain the importance of being a member of AF A. 2. Share your knowledge about the organization with your bird dub (internet dubs and specialty groups are welcome). 3. Complete both levels of the Fundamentals of Aviculture course. 4. Check out the improved AFA website (www.afabirds.org) 5. Renew your membership and make an additional donation. 6. Reach out to someone who may be struggling with the care of their birds. 7. Make plans to attend the convention next August in San Antonio, and bring a friend. 8. Order your AFA leg bands for the 2012 year, early, before your chicks hatch. 9. Enjoy your birds! We've made quite a few accomplishments this last quarter. One of the most exciting is the acquisition of the Avimate software program. This program needs extensive updating and we are working to have this done and available to AFA members and the public as soon as possible. Anyone with program suggestions is encouraged to call the AFA office and chat with Rick Jordan. We are also planning an exciting event for the San Antonio convention and hope to release details with the next issue of Watch bird.
A Case of Choledochoduodenal Fistula Closed by PTBD (2006)

総胆管十二指腸瘻は稀な疾患で自然閉鎖はしにくいとされる。症例は66歳, 女性。胆石症, 総胆管結石で通院中, 右季肋部痛, 発熱で緊急入院した。急性胆嚢炎疑いで経皮経肝胆嚢ドレナージ (PTGBD) 施行したが, 総胆管十二指腸瘻を認めた。肺線維症のため手術は困難と判断し, 胆管狭窄の拡張と瘻孔閉鎖を期待し, 胆嚢管経由で18Frの経皮経肝胆道ドレナージ (PTBD) チューブを留置した。2週間後の造影では胆管狭窄の解除と瘻孔の閉鎖を確認した。胆石に関しては, 胆道鏡下に截石術を行った。
Novel processing approaches for thin film solar and related technologies. (2017)

A growing population along with developing nations are increasing the demand for energy. The International Energy Agency forecasts a global electricity demand increase of 70 percent by 2040. This is an increase from nearly 18 TW to over 30 TW. The sun can be a great clean source of achieving this energy demand. Despite the large solar industry development, the market is still growing as solar energy only accounted for 0.87% of the global energy production in 2013. The opportunity exists to manufacture more affordable solar energy that can penetrate more of the global energy market. In this dissertation, a photonic-based manufacturing technique called intense pulsed light (IPL) was investigated to enhance the photovoltaic properties of CdTe, better understand the CdCl2 treatment used to create higher efficiency CdTe solar devices, enable the first sintering and efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cell (PSC), and study the possible conversion of a stable 2D perovskite to a 3D perovskite. CdTe thin films grown by low temperature electrodeposition were treated for the first time with IPL. The low temperature electrodeposition growth resulted in films consisting of nanoparticles, with reduced melting point temperatures. In combination with the high temperature rise produced by the pulses of light, the lower melting temperature resulted in pores/voids being filled as well as enhanced grain growth. As a result, pin-holes and grain boundary recombination were diminished. Subsequently the fill factors of PV devices created using this technology significantly increased. In addition, the IPL also successfully improved the crystallinity in the CdTe films by photonically initiating the popular CdCl2 treatment. To understand the mystery behind the mechanism of the CdCl2 treatment, low temperature PL was utilized and new electrodeposition precursors resulting from the study improved device efficiencies. Photoactive perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 layers were successfully sintered with a novel IPL treatment with efficiencies exceeding 12%. The processing time was reduced to 2 ms, which was significantly faster than those from previous reports. Additionally, the average performance of the IPL-processed samples showed an improvement compared to the hot- plate-processed samples. This advance creates an exciting new method to quickly create dense layers of perovskite, eliminating the rate-limiting annealing step detrimental to industry adoption, and shows the first known occurrence of sintering in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite particles. Lastly, the fast photonic processing of the IPL enabled the first conversion of a stable 2D perovskite structure into a 3D structure. This caused an band gap shift from
Nitric oxide detection, mitochondria and cell functions, and peroxynitrite reactions (2002)

Detection of nitric oxide. Nitrosothiols and nitric oxide in cell signaling. Nitric oxide and mitochondrial functions. Peroxynitrite. Nitric oxide synthases.
Optical fiber acoustic sensor (1977)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. A. Bucaro, H. D. Dardy, and E. F. Carome, "Optical fiber acoustic sensor," Appl. Opt. 16, 1761-1762 (1977) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Electrical interference suppression technique for 26 &#x00D7; 26 high-density ground reaction sensor array (2014)

This paper presents an effective interference suppression technique for a 26 × 26 high-density ground reaction sensor array (HD-GRSA) to achieve a superior gait ground velocity sensing resolution. The HD-GRSA is developed for improving inertial measurement units (IMUs) based personal navigation system accuracy. The HD-GRSA can measure dynamic ground force and shear associated with a human bipedal locomotion. A two-channel electronic detection system is designed to interface with the HD-GRSA. Each channel includes a front-end capacitance-to-voltage (C/V) converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), timing control circuit and bias network. The interference suppression is realized by designing matching sensing lines on the system PCB to achieve a symmetric configuration. As a result, any pair of selected matching sensing lines from the HD-GRSA, when interfaced with the front-end C/V converter, can effectively reject interferences as a common-mode signal. System characterization reveals that the prototype HD-GRSA achieves a low output signal uncertainty around 2.2 mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> , corresponding to a gait ground velocity resolution of 17 μm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> /sec, which closely matches to the system design specification.
Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with greater systemic inflammation and increased risk of antenatal depression (2023)

Pre-pregnancy obesity increases the risk of antenatal depressive symptoms and is also associated with systemic inflammation during pregnancy. While discrete inflammatory markers are associated with antenatal depressive symptoms and perceived stress, their role in mediating the effects of pre-pregnancy obesity on antenatal depression requires further investigation.
Loss of the anaphase-promoting complex in quiescent cells causes unscheduled hepatocyte proliferation (2004)

The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is an ubiquitin protein ligase that together with Cdc20 and Cdh1 targets mitotic proteins for degradation by the proteosome. APC-Cdc20 activity during mitosis triggers anaphase by destroying securin and cyclins. APC-Cdh1 promotes degradation of cyclins and other proteins during G(1). We show that loss of APC/C during embryogenesis is early lethal before embryonic day E6.5 (E6.5). To investigate the role of APC/C in quiescent cells, we conditionally inactivated the subunit Apc2 in mice. Deletion of Apc2 in quiescent hepatocytes caused re-entry into the cell cycle and arrest in metaphase, resulting in liver failure. Re-entry into the cell cycle either occurred without any proliferative stimulus or could be easily induced. We demonstrate that the APC has an additional function to prevent hepatocytes from unscheduled re-entry into the cell cycle.
Particle size influence on material properties of BaTiO3 ceramics fabricated using freeze-form extrusion 3D printing (2019)

Barium titanate (BaTiO3; BTO) is a well-known lead-free piezoelectric material commonly used for sensors and actuators applications. There are several traditional methods to fabricate bulk BTO ceramics; however, most of those methods have restrictions regarding being able to produce a functional and complex shape for specific application needs. Recently, additive manufacturing techniques such as binder jetting have enabled the fabrication of complex designs of piezoelectric ceramics. However, the density achieved is relatively low thus narrowing their applications. This paper presents the fabrication of high-density BaTiO3 ceramics using Freeze-form Extrusion Fabrication (FEF). The influence on material properties for different ceramic particle size was assessed. It was found that parts printed using finer BaTiO3 particle sizes achieved better results in terms of density, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties. For this study, the 100 nm BaTiO3 samples achieved 85.24% density, a high piezoelectric property of 204.61pC/N and dielectric permittivity of 2551. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using FEF additive manufacturing to fabricate high-quality functional ceramics with designed geometry in a mold-free fashion.
Jitter smoothing and traffic modeling for MPEG‐2 video transport over ATM networks (1998)

In this article, we study how to deal with jitter when a variable-bit-rate (VBR) MPEG-2 video is delivered through asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. First, the MPEG-2 system and its timing model are reviewed and difficulties introduced by ATM cell delay jitter are elucidated. Second, approaches to smoothing network jitter for both constant-bit-rate and VBR traffic are reviewed. A novel approach to modeling the end-to-end MPEG-2 packet generation and arrival process in the presence of network jitter is next presented. Based on this model, the buffer behavior of the MPEG-2 transport stream system target decoder is simulated. Simulation results show that jitter significantly affects the required decoder buffer size and packet loss ratio. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 9, 332–339, 1998
Cold Atmospheric Air Plasma Sterilization against Spores and Other Microorganisms of Clinical Interest (2012)

Physical cold atmospheric surface microdischarge (SMD) plasma operating in ambient air has promising properties for the sterilization of sensitive medical devices where conventional methods are not applicable. Furthermore, SMD plasma could revolutionize the field of disinfection at health care facilities. The antimicrobial effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria of clinical relevance, as well as the fungus Candida albicans, were tested. Thirty seconds of plasma treatment led to a 4 to 6 log(10) CFU reduction on agar plates. C. albicans was the hardest to inactivate. The sterilizing effect on standard bioindicators (bacterial endospores) was evaluated on dry test specimens that were wrapped in Tyvek coupons. The experimental D(23)(°)(C) values for Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus atrophaeus, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus were determined as 0.3 min, 0.5 min, 0.6 min, and 0.9 min, respectively. These decimal reduction times (D values) are distinctly lower than D values obtained with other reference methods. Importantly, the high inactivation rate was independent of the material of the test specimen. Possible inactivation mechanisms for relevant microorganisms are briefly discussed, emphasizing the important role of neutral reactive plasma species and pointing to recent diagnostic methods that will contribute to a better understanding of the strong biocidal effect of SMD air plasma.
Development of the Highly Selective Reactions to Target Gene for the Control of the Gene Expression in Cells (2011)

The site-specific reaction with high efficiency and specificity to DNA or RNA has become of great interests, as such modification may have possibility to induce point mutation of a genetic code. The cross-linking reagents within complementary duplexes and triplexes are one of the tools for site-specific modification by forming covalently bond. However, the existing alkylating agents still need further improvement for application in either in vitro or in vivo study. Previously, we have designed a new cross-linking motif, 2-amino-6-vinylpurine(1), toward cytosine by expecting a proximity effect within the complex resembling a natural G-C pair. In this paper, we wish to describe the development of the novel cross-linking reagents based on the structure of 1.