gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of blue confirmation lights at signalized intersections in Overland Park, Kansas, to reduce red light running violations. (2015)

Red Light Running (RLR) is a safety concern for communities nationwide. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) reported that a total of 676 fatalities in 2009 were due to RLR. There are many strategies to mitigate RLR violations that fall in the categories of engineering, enforcement, or education. This research project focused on confirmation lights, a low-cost countermeasure which enhances enforcement at four-approach intersections. Confirmation lights were deployed at two intersections in Overland Park, Kansas. Traffic was observed at the treatment sites, nearby signalized intersections (spillover), and control sites. Traffic was recorded before deployment, 1 month after, and 3 months after deployment. A total of 14 intersections were recorded during the morning peak hours (7 a.m. to 9 a.m.) and the afternoon peak hours (4 p.m. to 6 p.m.) for a total of 583 hours of traffic video. A test of proportions showed that overall the confirmation lights did not significantly reduce RLR violations. A violation analysis showed that there was a global increase in RLR violations after deployment, indicating that other factors were involved in the increase of violations observed. Time into the red analysis showed that the majority of RLR violations occurred within 1 second into the red. The negative binomial regression model re-affirmed that the confirmation lights were not a significant factor in the RLR violations observed. The model showed that lane volume, presence of a right-turn lane, and traffic movement (left or through movement) were significant factors.
A General-Purpose Synthetic Filesystem (2005)

To build a synthetic filesystem exposing a graph of Java objects, with support for method invocation, field accesses, and automatic update of the filesystem to reflect changes in the graph. In so doing, to identify those aspects of a traditional filesystem API that are unsuited to general-purpose implementations. Emphasis on a proof-of-concept rather than high-performance implementation. Work Completed Substantially the above. Some less important features were left unimplemented for reasons of time. A networkable, cross-platform means of implementing method call was devised and implemented, though currently only with slow performance.
Extending Linear Dynamical Systems with Dynamic Stream Weights for Audiovisual Speaker Localization (2018)

An important aspect of audiovisual speaker localization is the appropriate fusion of acoustic and visual observations based on their time-varying reliability. In this study, a framework which incorporates dynamic stream weights into the well-known Kalman filtering framework is proposed to cope with this challenge. The concept of dynamic stream weights has recently been investigated in the context of audiovisual automatic speech recognition, where it was successfully applied to weight audiovisual observations according to their reliability. This study extends that approach to linear dynamical systems and additionally introduces a closed-form solution to compute oracle dynamic stream weights from observation sequences with known state trajectories. The proposed approach is evaluated on audiovisual recordings from a humanoid robot in reverberant environments. The results indicate that incorporating dynamic stream weights allows for efficient data fusion on a per-frame basis, which shows superior performance over conventional Kalman-filter-based state estimation.
Implementing Boundary Conditions in Simulations of Arterial Flows (2013)

Computational hemodynamic models of the cardiovascular system are often limited to finite segments of the system and therefore need well-controlled inlet and outlet boundary conditions. Classical boundary conditions are measured total pressure or flow rate imposed at the inlet and impedances of RLR, RLC, or LR filters at the outlet. We present a new approach based on an unidirectional propagative approach (UPA) to model the inlet/outlet boundary conditions on the axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations. This condition is equivalent to a nonreflecting boundary condition in a fluid-structure interaction model of an axisymmetric artery. First we compare the UPA to the best impedance filter (RLC). Second, we apply this approach to a physiological situation, i.e., the presence of a stented segment into a coronary artery. In that case a reflection index is defined which quantifies the amount of pressure waves reflected upon the singularity.
Multiaxial Creep-Fatigue and Creep-Ratcheting Failures of Grade 91 and Haynes 230 Alloys Toward Addressing Design Issues of Gen IV Nuclear Power Plants (2015)

The proposed research will develop systematic sets of uniaxial and multiaxial experimental data at a very high temperature (850-950°C) for Alloy 617. The loading histories to be prescribed in the experiments will induce creep-fatigue and creep-ratcheting failure mechanisms. These experimental responses will be scrutinized in order to quantify the influences of temperature and creep on fatigue and ratcheting failures. A unified constitutive model (UCM) will be developed and validated against these experimental responses. The improved UCM will be incorporated into the widely used finite element commercial software packages ANSYS. The modified ANSYS will be validated so that it can be used for evaluating the very high temperature ASME-NH design-by-analysis methodology for Alloy 617 and thereby addressing the ASME-NH design code issues.
Applications of ultrasensitive magnetic measurement technologies (invited) (abstract) (1993)

The development of reliable, easy-to-use magnetic measurement systems with significantly enhanced levels of sensitivity has opened up a number of broad new areas of application for magnetic sensing. Magnetometers based on optical pumping offer sensitivities at the picotesla level, while those that utilize superconducting quantum interference devices can operate at the femtotesla level. These systems are finding applications in areas as diverse as geophysical exploration, communications, and medical diagnostics. This review briefly surveys the capabilities and application areas for a number of magnetic sensing technologies. The emphasis then focuses on the application of the most sensitive of these to the field of medical diagnostics and functional imaging. Protocols for specific applications to noninvasive presurgical planning and to the noninvasive assay of cortical dysfunction in diseases ranging from epilepsy to migraine and schizophrenia will be described in detail. Data will be presented reporting independent validation of these techniques in ten patients who subsequently underwent surgery. Routine and reliable utilization of this ultrasensitive magnetic sensing technology in the clinic is now feasible and practical.
Transforming and Analyzing Proofs in the CERES-System. (2008)

Cut-elimination is the most prominent form of proof transformation in logic. The elimination of cuts in formal proofs corresponds to the removal of intermediate statements (lemmas) in mathe-matical proofs. Cut-elimination can be applied to mine real mathematical proofs, i.e. for extracting explicit and algorithmic information. The system CERES (cut-elimination by resolution) is based on automated deduction and was successfully applied to the analysis of nontrivial mathematical proofs. In this paper we focus on the input-output environment of CERES, and show how users can interact with the system and extract new mathematical knowledge. 1
Solute-induced effects in solvation thermodynamics: does urea behave as a structure-making or structure-breaking solute? (2019)

We determined the solute-induced perturbation of the water environment around aqueous urea from a microscopic-to-macroscopic formalism, according to a novel approach for the unambiguous interpretation of the structure-making/breaking process, regardless of either the species type or the nature of the solute-solvent interactions. Then, by using experimental data from the available literature, we analysed the evolution of the water structure around urea, assessed the microstructural responses to small perturbations of state conditions including composition, and exploited the formalism to extract three related types of osmotic second virial coefficients. Finally, after discussing the implications of the findings, we answered the question highlighted in the subtitle of this manuscript.
Social analysis sourcebook: incorporating social dimensions into Bank-supported projects (2003)

This sourcebook presents a conceptual framework for social analysis and describes how task teams can incorporate its principles into project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. It is not a policy statement and does not prescribe any mandatory requirements. Instead, it provides guidance on good practice to improve the quality and impact of social analysis by harnessing it to examine the social opportunities, constraints and likely impacts of Bank-supported operations, based on the lessons learned during the past five years. The sourcebook describes a systematic approach that places social analysis in the service of poverty reduction by focusing directly on equity and social sustainability to improve social development outcomes. The term social analysis has multiple meanings associated with the word social. Some people equate it with the social sectors, others to the West European notion of social policy, and still others to the adverse social impacts of development that require mitigation. None of these is sufficient to capture the social dimensions relevant to the wide range of investment operations supported by the Bank and other multilateral financial institutions. This sourcebook describes an approach that is open-ended in terms of social development outcomes and yet practical. It offers five entry points to understand social complexities. These point out the parts of society most relevant to investment projects and suggest methods for studying them. This allows the task team to draw up a realizable plan of action with the confidence that they have overlooked nothing critical. In addition to this sourcebook, the social development department is preparing supplementary sectoral guidelines for social analysis that will be issued separately.
Enhanced photoresponsivity in carbon quantum dots-coupled graphene/silicon Schottky-junction photodetector (2019)

Abstract We demonstrate carbon quantum dots (C QDs)-coupled graphene/silicon (Si) Schottky-junction photodetectors with ~290 mA W −1 responsivity. The C QDs were fabricated by carbon evaporation, which facilitated easy control of the distribution and pattern of the QDs can be easily controlled by a mask. The photoresponsivity was enhanced by 4.3% when the C QDs were coupled with the graphene/Si Schottky-junction photodetectors. The wideband spectrum response flatly covers the visible spectrum. The response time is less than 2 µ s, which is better than most detectors based on graphene-Schottky or QDs structures. This work demonstrates a feasible approach for improving the performance of graphene-based photodetectors, suggesting an alternative architecture for QDs graphene photodetectors.
The User Domain Integrity Assessment Technique (2008)

INTRODUCTION This paper presents a study performed for the detailed analysis of user domain and pseudorange integrity on Satellite Based Augmentation Systems. Experimental data of EGNOS pre-operational service was used for some specific tests, aiming at identifying for instance the good reaction of the EGNOS check-set subsystem and the way pseudorange errors are translated into the user domain. From this analysis, a new technique for User Domain Integrity Assessment (UDIA) was developed.
Molecular dissection and anatomical basis of dystonia: X-linked recessive dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT3) (2005)

Pathological findings in dystonia have been unclear. X-linked recessive dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP, DYT3), endemic in the Panay island, the Philippines, is characterized by the clinical onset with dystonia followed by parkinsonism. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the anatomical basis of dystonia, because it has discernible pathological changes even at its early phase of dystonia. After extensive searches for the anatomical basis in XDP, we found selective loss of striosomal neurons in the striatum in dystonic patients' brain. Because striosomal neurons inhibit nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons via GABAergic innervation, the striosomal lesion could account for dopamine excess in the striatum, which in turn causes a hyperkinetic state or dystonia. We also identified the causative gene as one of the general transcription factor genes, TAF1. XDP has certain similarities to Huntington disease not only in pathological and clinical findings, but also the molecular mechanism, which disturbs expression of genes essential for striatal neurons, such as DRD2. Therapeutic intervention may become possible through pharmacological measures that affect gene expression.
Nb2O5-Based Composite Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. (2000)

Various semiconducting oxides are examined as alternative electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells. It was confirmed that Nb2O5-based electrodes exhibit a higher open-circuit voltage and fill factor, compared to TiO2-based electrodes. It was also found that a mixing of oxides, with a higher flat-band potential level such as SrTiO3, Ta2O5, and ZrO2, with Nb2O5 led to a higher open-circuit voltage. By mixing Nb2O5 with TiO2 in different ratios, it was revealed that these oxides form no chemical reaction products after a low-temperature heat treatment and a highest power output of the cells with the composite electrodes was obtained at Nb2O5:TiO2=8:2 in mass. The power output with this composite electrode was higher than that with pure Nb2O5 or with pure TiO2. The Nb2O5-TiO2 composite electrode, in which the Nb2O5 particles are dispersed on the TiO2 surfaces, exhibits high photoelectrochemical performance.
Extension of a local-orbital density-functional method to transition metals: Application to Pt(110) surface relaxation (1995)

We report the extension of the highly efficient local-orbital molecular-dynamics method originally developed by Sankey and Niklewski and later modified by Tsai et al. to include charge transfer to single-element transition-metal systems. We have successfully added d orbitals to the formalism and have eliminated the original spherical approximation for treating atomic charges by calculating the total charge density self-consistently from the absolute squares of wave functions of occupied eigenstates. Test calculations for bulk Rh and Pt yield lattice constants and bulk modulii in excellent agreement with experiment and band structures in reasonable agreement with more accurate local-density approximation results. An application to the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) reconstructed missing row Pt(110) surface gives a relaxed geometry consistent with previous calculations. Difficulties encountered in a simplified Harris-functional treatment of this same problem are discussed.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain LRH05 Intervention Ameliorated Body Weight Gain and Adipose Inflammation via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice (2021)

LRH05 shows a strain-specific effect on ameliorating the pro-inflammatory process by reducing inflammatory macrophage infiltration and the expression of inflammation-related genes in mice. Thus, LRH05 can be considered a potential probiotic strain to prevent obesity.
End-to-End Convolutional Autoencoder for Nonlinear Hyperspectral Unmixing (2022)

Hyperspectral Unmixing is the process of decomposing a mixed pixel into its pure materials (endmembers) and estimating their corresponding proportions (abundances). Although linear unmixing models are more common due to their simplicity and flexibility, they suffer from many limitations in real world scenes where interactions between pure materials exist, which paved the way for nonlinear methods to emerge. However, existing methods for nonlinear unmixing require prior knowledge or an assumption about the type of nonlinearity, which can affect the results. This paper introduces a nonlinear method with a novel deep convolutional autoencoder for blind unmixing. The proposed framework consists of a deep encoder of successive small size convolutional filters along with max pooling layers, and a decoder composed of successive 2D and 1D convolutional filters. The output of the decoder is formed of a linear part and an additive non-linear one. The network is trained using the mean squared error loss function. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method using synthetic and real airborne data. Results show a better performance in terms of abundance and endmembers estimation compared to several existing methods.
1H NMR and CD secondary structure analysis of cell adhesion promoting peptide F-9 from laminin. (1991)

A heparin binding, cell adhesion promoting domain, termed peptide F-9, from the B1 chain of human laminin, residues 641 to 660, i.e. RYVVLPRPVCFEKGMNYTVR, has been investigated by 1H NMR (500 MHz) spectroscopy and CD spectropolarimetry. While small linear peptides in water solution normally exist in a number of fluctuating conformational states, CD data analysis of peptide F9 indicates the existence of some preferred average structural populations consisting of about 30% beta-sheet, 22% beta-turn, and 6% alpha-helix. NMR structural analysis supports this observation and indicates specific sequences of preferred structural populations. Evidence for these is indicated by the presence of dNN nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) populations and attenuated or absent d alpha N NOEs at short mixing times (0.1 s), 3J alpha N coupling constants of 5 and 10 Hz, and chemical shifts significantly removed from random coil positions. The NH2-terminal VVL sequence primarily exists in an extended chain conformation by virtue of large d alpha N NOEs and 9-10 Hz 3J alpha N coupling constants. Residues C10-N16 have turn-like or helix character with a run of dNN and d beta N NOEs and attenuated d alpha N NOEs. These midchain reversals include the lysine and asparagine residues proposed to be involved in heparin binding and N-glycosylation, respectively, to laminin peptide F-9.
An Eclectic Approach to the State Feedback Control of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (1989)

This paper examines the problem of robust state-feedback stabilization of a class of nonlinear multi-input dynamical systems. Four approaches to the problem are investigated: the variable structure control (VSC) method, the high-gain feedback technique, the feedback linearization algorithm, and finally the deterministic approach to the control of uncertain systems. It is shown that each design method can lead to a controller such that the closed-loop system exhibits a sliding mode property. The sliding mode is a desirable property since it results in a robust control. The analysis is illustrated by means of a simple numerical example.
Partial volume effect correction in PET using regularized iterative deconvolution with variance control based on local topology (2008)

Correcting positron emission tomography (PET) images for the partial volume effect (PVE) due to the limited resolution of PET has been a long-standing challenge. Various approaches including incorporation of the system response function in the reconstruction have been previously tested. We present a post-reconstruction PVE correction based on iterative deconvolution using a 3D maximum likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) algorithm. To achieve convergence we used a one step late (OSL) regularization procedure based on the assumption of local monotonic behavior of the PET signal following Alenius et al. This technique was further modified to selectively control variance depending on the local topology of the PET image. No prior 'anatomic' information is needed in this approach. An estimate of the noise properties of the image is used instead. The procedure was tested for symmetric and isotropic deconvolution functions with Gaussian shape and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ranging from 6.31 mm to infinity. The method was applied to simulated and experimental scans of the NEMA NU 2 image quality phantom with the GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. The phantom contained uniform activity spheres with diameters ranging from 1 cm to 3.7 cm within uniform background. The optimal sphere activity to variance ratio was obtained when the deconvolution function was replaced by a step function few voxels wide. In this case, the deconvolution method converged in approximately 3-5 iterations for most points on both the simulated and experimental images. For the 1 cm diameter sphere, the contrast recovery improved from 12% to 36% in the simulated and from 21% to 55% in the experimental data. Recovery coefficients between 80% and 120% were obtained for all larger spheres, except for the 13 mm diameter sphere in the simulated scan (68%). No increase in variance was observed except for a few voxels neighboring strong activity gradients and inside the largest spheres. Testing the method for patient images increased the visibility of small lesions in non-uniform background and preserved the overall image quality. Regularized iterative deconvolution with variance control based on the local properties of the PET image and on estimated image noise is a promising approach for partial volume effect corrections in PET.
Sand Management: A Review of Approaches and Concerns (2003)

Abstract As operating conditions become more severe, and the costs associated with well failure escalate, the need for effective sand control increases. However, in a time of tightening economic constraints, the need to control costs also drives decision making. In this time of apparently conflicting concerns, the industry has responded with a move away from traditional Sand Control to what can be more properly termed Sand Management. Several projects described in the literature are concerned with a particular aspect of Sand Management. Whether it is a description of predictive modeling, preventing sand production through rate control and/or selective perforating, improved sand control through advanced completion practices of frac-pack or horizontal well gravel packing, or the latest in expandable screen products, these studies have focused on one (or perhaps two) aspects of an overall Sand Management project. To fully grasp the benefit of this new completion paradigm, we must stop looking at well design with a preconceived answer in mind. Rather, all aspects of Sand Management must be considered when making field development decisions. It is the goal of this paper to bring the best from previous studies together to provide a solid review of available Sand Management techniques. However, since all decisions have either positive or negative consequences, this paper also reviews the economic and operational concerns associated with these decisions. An understanding of how initial decisions may impact future options will assist in enhancing our ability to optimize completion type selection.