gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrugated Laterite Based Ceramic Roof Tile Stabilized with Cement (2014)

The use of laterite based material as ceramic roof tile contributes to the innovation and application of local materials within our immediate environment. In this study the aim is to design and produce corrugated laterite based roof tile and investigate its water absorption and penetration. Paste of laterite-cement mix was formed with water to cement ratio of 3:1. The percentage composition of the cement used was 15 % and 20%. The paste was poured into a wooden frame (dimension of 200mm x 300mm x 20mm) with an underlying corrugated metal sheet, while another corrugated metal sheet was placed on the paste to ensure formation of the corrugated shape on both sides. Water analysis carried out on the cast samples showed that the sample with 20 % cement composition had a better resistance to water absorption and penetration. The result of this study indicates that the formation of corrugated roofing tile using laterite material is feasible and it is possible to have good water resistant property if fully optimized.
Relation between Magnetostriction and Magnetic Domains in Changing Direction of Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Sheet. (1996)

Research has been carried out on the magnetostriction measured in changing direction of grain oriented silicon steel sheets. When the magnetic field is applied in a direction of 45° off the rolling direction normally parallel to Goss texture orientation, the magnetostriction indicated negative value regardless of compressive stress applied to specimen and showed favourably smaller negative value in poor coating stress condition rather than in good one, which had not been easily imagined by the experience concerning to the magnetostriction in the rolling direction. This was explained by a fact that the 90° supplementary domains by compressive applied stress followed by the strain elastic energy theory, which cause positive magnetostriction when the specimen is exposed to magnetic field, is compensated by negative magnetostriction by the abnormal supplementary domains newly generated under magnetic field. The abnormal supplementary domain occurs in specimen with the angle to the rolling direction of about 30°-60°, which was tried to explain by magnetic domain energy. When the magnetic field is applied in a direction of 90° off the rolling direction, the magnetostriction indicated the largest positive value which had been easily supposed by the reaction of the 180° main domain exposed to magnetic field transversely.
Impact of Specialized Versus Non-Specialized Acute Hospital Care on Survival Among Patients With Acute Incomplete Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population-Based Observational Study from British Columbia, Canada (2023)

Given the complexity of care necessitated after an acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), it seems intuitively beneficial for such care to be delivered at hospitals with specialized SCI expertise. Demonstrating these benefits is not straightforward, however. We sought to determine whether specialized acute hospital care influenced the most fundamental outcomes after SCI: mortality within the first year of injury. We compared survival among patients with incomplete tSCI admitted to a single quaternary-level trauma hospital with a specialized acute SCI program versus those admitted to trauma hospitals without specialized acute SCI care. We performed a population-based retrospective observational cohort study using administrative and clinical data linked from multiple sources in British Columbia (BC) from 2001 to 2017. Among a cohort of 1920 patients, there were 193 deaths within one year. We failed to identify a significant overall benefit for survival after adjusting for potential confounders, and the confidence intervals (CIs) were compatible with both benefit and harm (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% CI 0.17 to 6.11, <i>p</i> = 0.99). Significant associations were observed with age greater than 65 (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.66 to 14.57, <i>p</i> < 0.01), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.83, <i>p</i> < 0.01), Injury Severity Score (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.11, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and traumatic brain injury (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.32 to 3.41, p < 0.01). Among patients with acute tSCI, admission to a hospital with specialized acute SCI care was not associated with improved overall one-year survival. Subgroup analyses, however, suggested heterogeneity of effects, with little benefit for older patients with less polytrauma and substantial benefit for younger patients with greater polytrauma.
Pseudorabies virus early protein 0 transactivates the viral gene promoters (1995)

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) contains the RING finger domain with homology to the immediate-early (IE) protein ICP0 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). EP0 was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in the nuclei of the cells transfected with EP0 expression plasmid as is the case in cells infected with PRV. In transient expression assays, EP0 transactivated the PRV IE, thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein X (gX) promoters, indicating that EP0, like ICP0 of HSV-1, is a transactivating protein.
Water-Induced Surface Rearrangements of Poly(dimethylsiloxane−urea−urethane) Segmented Block Copolymers (1996)

An investigation of the surfaces of linear, segmented block copolymers of poly(dimethylsiloxane−urea−urethanes) by dynamic contact angle analysis is reported. The polymer films are immersed in water, the time-dependent advancing and receding contact angles are observed, and the contact angle hysteresis is reported. The initially hydrophobic polymer surfaces are observed to become more hydrophilic with long-term exposure to water. The advancing contact angles are relatively constant with immersion time; the receding contact angles decrease to some equilibrium value after a few days' exposure to water. It is proposed that the surfaces reorganize by a mechanism in which the hard block urethane−urea domains migrate through the soft block silicone to the polymer−water interface. The surface reorganization kinetics are discussed in terms of the effects of annealing as well as the average molecular weight of the soft block.
Serum albumin: touchstone or totem? (1998)

A decrease in serum albumin concentrations is an almost inevitable finding in disease states, and is primarily mediated in the acute phase by alterations in vascular permeability and redistribution. This change is not disease specific but marked changes that persist are generally associated with a poorer prognosis. Critical appraisal of long-standing practices and the availability of alternative colloid solutions have led to a reduction in albumin replacement therapy, and a widespread tolerance of lower albumin concentrations in patients. The factors determining serum albumin concentrations, their measurement and the implications of hypoalbuminaemia are reviewed. The clinical value of serum albumin measurement is discussed.
A Design Flow for Application-Specific Networks on Chip with Guaranteed Performance to Accelerate SOC Design and Verification (2005)

Systems on chip (SOC) are composed of intellectual property blocks (IP) and interconnect. While mature tooling exists to design the former, tooling for interconnect design is still a research area. In this paper we describe an operational design flow that generates and configures application-specific network on chip (NOC) instances, given application communication requirements. The NOC can be simulated in SystemC and RTL VHDL. An independent performance verification tool verifies analytically that the NOC instance (hardware) and its configuration (software) together meet the application performance requirements. The Æthereal NOC's guaranteed performance is essential to replace time-consuming simulation by fast analytical performance validation. As a result, application-specific NOCs that are guaranteed to meet the application's communication requirements are generated and verified in minutes, reducing the number of design iterations. A realistic MPEG SOC example substantiates our claims.
The in-vitro activity and tentative breakpoint of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone (1999)

The in-vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against a wide range (c. 700) of recent clinical isolates, was compared with that of three other fluoroquinolones and other relevant agents. Gemifloxacin inhibited 90% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains at 0.5 mg/L or less, exceptions being Serratia spp. (MIC(90) 1 mg/L) and strains possessing a putative mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones. Ninety per cent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by 4 mg/L. Gemifloxacin had good activity against respiratory pathogens, with 90% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis being inhibited by 0.06 mg/L or less. Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were highly susceptible (MIC(90) 0.06 mg/L) but MRSA less susceptible (MIC(90) 8 mg/L) to gemifloxacin. Enterococcus spp. were markedly more susceptible to the study agent than to ciprofloxacin. Gemifloxacin showed good activity against Bacteroides fragilis (MIC(90) 0.5 mg/L) and anaerobic cocci. A tentative in-vitro breakpoint of 0.5 mg/L was studied using a 1 microg disc content for all genera except Pseudomonas where a 5 microg disc content was employed. The false sensitivity reporting rate was 0.5% and false resistance rate was 6.0%, which was considered acceptable. In conclusion, gemifloxacin is a highly active fluoroquinolone that should prove clinically useful in the treatment of a wide range of infections. Susceptibility testing criteria have been developed that should prove robust in a clinical laboratory.
Neuropeptides and neurotrophins in neonatal blood of children with autism or mental retardation (2001)

There has been little exploration of major biologic regulators of cerebral development in autism. In archived neonatal blood of children with autistic spectrum disorders (n = 69), mental retardation without autism (n = 60), or cerebral palsy (CP, n = 63) and of control children (n = 54), we used recycling immunoaffinity chromatography to measure the neuropeptides substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT4/5). Neonatal concentrations of VIP, CGRP, BDNF, and NT4/5 were higher (ANOVA, all p values < 0.0001 by Scheffe test for pairwise differences) in children in the autistic spectrum and in those with mental retardation without autism than in control children. In 99% of children with autism and 97% with mental retardation, levels of at least one of these substances exceeded those of all control children. Concentrations were similar in subgroups of the autistic spectrum (core syndrome with or without mental retardation, other autistic spectrum disorders with or without mental retardation) and in the presence or absence of a history of regression. Among children with mental retardation, concentrations did not differ by severity or known cause (n = 11, including 4 with Down syndrome). Concentrations of measured substances were similar in children with CP as compared with control subjects. SP, PACAP, NGF, and NT3 were not different by diagnostic group. No measured analyte distinguished children with autism from children with mental retardation alone. In autism and in a heterogeneous group of disorders of cognitive function, overexpression of certain neuropeptides and neurotrophins was observed in peripheral blood drawn in the first days of life.
Herstellung von ungesättigten Lactonen der Steroidreihe, X1) Eine verbesserte Synthese von Digitoxigenin (1974)

Abstract Die beschriebene Synthese von Digitoxigenin (15) aus 15a‐Hydroxycortexon (1) wurde verbessert (12‐ bis 15fache Ausbeute an 15 gegenüber der in Lit.2)). Eine Verbesserung der Ausbeute an Äthoxycarbonylbutenolid 4 aus 1 wurde durch Zugabe von Piperidiniumacetat 3) erreicht. Die stereoselektive Hydrierung des aus 4 erhaltenen 3‐Oxocarda‐4,14,20(22)‐trienolids (5) zum 3‐0xo‐5∼‐carda‐l4,20(22)‐dienolid (6) wurde optimiert. Die Überführung von 6 in die 3P‐Formyloxy‐5P‐ oder 3P‐Hydroxy‐5P‐konformation 10 bzw. 14 wurde auf drei, gegenüber Lit 2) verschiedenen Wegen realisiert. 1) Solvolyse des aus 6 in 2 Stufen erhaltenen 3a‐Tosylats 9 mit Tetrabutylammoniumformiat in Tris(dimethylamino)phosphin zu 10. 2) Kinetisch kontrollierte Reduktion von 6 nach Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley zu 14. 3) Reduktion von 6 zu 14 mit Hexachloroiridium(1V)‐säure, Trimethylphosphit und wäßrigem 2‐Propanol. Die Methode 3) liefert die höchsten Ausbeuten. Die Einführung der 14P‐Hydroxygruppe in 10 erfolgt nach einer gegenüber Lit. 2) modifizierten Methode mit ebenfalls höheren Ausbeuten.
[Scleroderma in children: a retrospective study of 70 cases]. (1999)

Our findings emphasize that scleroderma occurs readily in childhood, unlike what has been reported 10 years ago. Prognosis depends on functional impairment resulting from major sequelae particularly important in localized forms and the life-threatening situations occurring in systemic forms.
A comparison of high-level full-system power models (2008)

Dynamic power management in enterprise environments requires an understanding of the relationship between resource utilization and system-level power consumption. Power models based on resource utilization have been proposed in the context of enabling specific energy-efficiency optimizations on specific machines, but the accuracy and portability of different approaches to modeling have not been systematically compared. In this work, we use a common infrastructure to fit a family of high-level full-system power models, and we compare these models over a wide variation of workloads and machines, from a laptop to a server. This analysis shows that a model based on OS utilization metrics and CPU performance counters is generally most accurate across the machines and workloads tested. It is particularly useful for machines whose dynamic power consumption is not dominated by the CPU, as well as machines with aggressively power-managed CPUs, two classes of systems that are increasingly prevalent.
Studies on the Biological Activity of Nicotinic Acid N-Oxide. I (1961)

In order to examine the biological activity of nicotinic acid N-oxide, biological change of this compound in a rat was examined. Method for determination of nicotinic acid N-oxide has not been established as yet. In the present series of work, a method was devised for determination of nicotinic acid in a supernatant after reduction of the N-oxide group with iron and acetic acid, and removal of iron as a hydroxide by centrifugal precipitation. This method was found to be applicable for determination of nicotinic acid N-oxide in urine.This method was applied to the determination of urinary excretion after oral administration of 1.0g./kg. of nicotinic acid in a rat and it was found that about 50% of the dose administered was excreted in the urine, of which ca. 20% was in the form of nicotinic acid and 10-20% in the form of nicotinuric acid. Besides these, 1-methyl-6-oxo-1, 6-dihydronicotinamide and a small amount of 1-methylnicotinamide were detected from the urine. In the case of intravenous injection of 100mg./kg. of nicotinic acid N-oxide, almost 50% of this N-oxide, 20-25% of nicotinic acid, and 20-25% of nicotinuric acid were detected from the urine, as well as a trace of 1-methyl-6-oxo-1, 6-dihydronicotinamide and 1-methylnicotinamide.
Interaction of Fluorescently Labeled Triethyleneglycol and Peptide Derivatives with β‐Cyclodextrin (2014)

A triethyleneglycol (TEG) chain, a linear peptide, and a cyclic peptide labeled with 7-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (MC) and 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (DAC) were used to thoroughly study Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in inclusion complexes. (1) H NMR evidence was given for the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the fluorophore moieties of model compounds. The binding constant was 20 times higher for DAC than for MC derivatives. Molecular modeling provided additional information. The UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence properties were studied and the energy transfer process was quantified. Fluorescence quenching was particularly strong for the peptide derivatives. The presence of β-CDs reduced the FRET efficiency slightly. Dye-labeled peptide derivatives can thus be used to form inclusion complexes with β-CDs and retain most of their FRET properties. This paves the way for their subsequent use in analytical devices that are designed to measure the activity of matrix metalloproteinases.
Path Smoothing Techniques in Robot Navigation: State-of-the-Art, Current and Future Challenges (2018)

Robot navigation is an indispensable component of any mobile service robot. Many path planning algorithms generate a path which has many sharp or angular turns. Such paths are not fit for mobile robot as it has to slow down at these sharp turns. These robots could be carrying delicate, dangerous, or precious items and executing these sharp turns may not be feasible kinematically. On the contrary, smooth trajectories are often desired for robot motion and must be generated while considering the static and dynamic obstacles and other constraints like feasible curvature, robot and lane dimensions, and speed. The aim of this paper is to succinctly summarize and review the path smoothing techniques in robot navigation and discuss the challenges and future trends. Both autonomous mobile robots and autonomous vehicles (outdoor robots or self-driving cars) are discussed. The state-of-the-art algorithms are broadly classified into different categories and each approach is introduced briefly with necessary background, merits, and drawbacks. Finally, the paper discusses the current and future challenges in optimal trajectory generation and smoothing research.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Induce Hypermetabolism in Pediatric Upper Airways (2020)

Abstract To determine whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) regulates human metabolism, we used positron emission tomography (PET) of patient lungs along with bioenergetics and metabolomics of patient upper airway cells and fluids. We previously found a significant negative monotonic relationship between glucose uptake and respiratory viral infection in 20 pediatric patients (e.g., 70% of infected patients had glucose uptake within 0–3 days). In our recent study, 3 out of 4 patients positive for glucose uptake at later times (&gt;5 days) were positive for RSV infection. At present, the bioenergetics of upper respiratory cells (URCs) from nasal pharyngeal aspirates have not been investigated, and in vitro studies indicate RSV reduces metabolism in cell lines. To define metabolic changes in RSV-infected pediatric patients, we acquired fresh aspirates from 6 pediatric patients. Immediately following aspiration of URCs, we measured the two major energy pathways using an XFe flux analyzer. Glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were significantly increased in URCs from RSV-infected patients, and mitochondrial respiration was operating at near maximal levels, resulting in loss of cellular capacity to increase respiration with impaired coupling efficiency. Metabolomics analysis of metabolites flushed from the upper airways confirmed a significant increase in TCA cycle intermediates. Taken together, these studies demonstrate RSV induces significant hypermetabolism in pediatric patients’ lungs and respiratory tract. Thus, hypermetabolism is a potential anti-viral drug target and reveals RSV can regulate human metabolism. Contributions to the field Metabolic changes in humans in response to viral infection are largely unknown. In this brief clinical report, we find metabolism is markedly increased in live upper respiratory cells from infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) concomitant to changes in metabolites in their upper airway fluids. This sheds light on viral induced hypermetabolism in the airways and offers potential biomarkers for RSV. In addition, this identifies potential therapeutic targets for host directed therapies of aberrant metabolism in RSV. This work has clinical impact as biomarkers and therapeutics for RSV are needed for this pervasive virus that causes infections with long term consequence for some children. Further, advancements in molecular mechanisms underpinning RSV infection biology are constrained by the difficulties in translating model systems to humans as well as relating human studies in adults to infants (Mestas and Hughes, 2004; Papin et al., 2013).
A comprehensive skin factor model for well completions based on finite element simulations (2004)

npoin: returns the total number of nodes of the mesh.*ndime: returns the dimension of the problem being considered.*nnode: returns the number of nodes per element.*nelem: returns the total number of elements of the mesh.*nmats: returns the number of materials.*set elems (all): the command to include all the elements of the mesh during the loop.*loop nodes: the loop iterates on nodes.*loop elems: the loop iterates on elements.*loop materials: the loop iterates on assigned materials.*format: the command to define the exit format for numerical expressions.This command must be followed by the numerical format expressed in C. *NodesNum: returns the identifier of the present node.*NodesCoord: returns the coordinates of the present node.*NodesCoord(n, real): returns the coordinate x, y, or z in terms of the value n: n=1 returns the x coordinate n=2 returns the y coordinate n=3 returns the z coordinate *ElemsNum: returns the identifier of the present element.*ElemsNnode: returns the number of nodes of the current element.*ElemsConec: returns the nodes of an element in a counterclockwise order.*ElemsMat: returns the number of the assigned material of the present element.*Set var PROP1(real) = Operation(MatProp(variable, real)): assigns the value returned by MatProp to the variable PROP1.*PROP1: returns the value of the variable PROP1.*Matnum: returns the identifier of the present material.*Set Cond P1 *elems: sets a condition over elements.*CondNumEntities(int): returns the number of entities that have been assigned a certain condition.*Set var NFIX(int)=CondNumEntities(int): assigns the value returned by the command CondNumEntities to the NFIX variable.
Follow Up of GW170817 and Its Electromagnetic Counterpart by Australian-Led Observing Programmes (2017)

Abstract The discovery of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave signal has generated follow-up observations by over 50 facilities world-wide, ushering in the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In this paper, we present follow-up observations of the gravitational wave event GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart SSS17a/DLT17ck (IAU label AT2017gfo) by 14 Australian telescopes and partner observatories as part of Australian-based and Australian-led research programs. We report early- to late-time multi-wavelength observations, including optical imaging and spectroscopy, mid-infrared imaging, radio imaging, and searches for fast radio bursts. Our optical spectra reveal that the transient source emission cooled from approximately 6 400 K to 2 100 K over a 7-d period and produced no significant optical emission lines. The spectral profiles, cooling rate, and photometric light curves are consistent with the expected outburst and subsequent processes of a binary neutron star merger. Star formation in the host galaxy probably ceased at least a Gyr ago, although there is evidence for a galaxy merger. Binary pulsars with short (100 Myr) decay times are therefore unlikely progenitors, but pulsars like PSR B1534+12 with its 2.7 Gyr coalescence time could produce such a merger. The displacement (~2.2 kpc) of the binary star system from the centre of the main galaxy is not unusual for stars in the host galaxy or stars originating in the merging galaxy, and therefore any constraints on the kick velocity imparted to the progenitor are poor.