gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of High-purity Magnetite Nanoparticles from a Low-grade Iron Ore via Solvent Extraction (2015)

We produced magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and a Mg-rich solution as a nano-adsorbent and a coagulant for water treatment, respectively, using a low-grade iron ore. The ore was leached with aqueous hydrochloric acid and its impurities were removed by solvent extraction of the leachate using tri-n-butyl phosphate as an extractant. The content of Si and Mg, which inhibit the formation of MNPs, was reduced from 10.3 wt% and 15.5 wt% to 28.1 mg/L and < 1.4 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, the Fe content increased from 68.6 wt% to 99.8 wt%. The high-purity <TEX>$Fe^{3+}$</TEX> solution recovered was used to prepare 5-15-nm MNPs by coprecipitation. The wastewater produced contained a large amount of <TEX>$Mg^{2+}$</TEX> and can be used to precipitate struvite in sewage treatment. This process helps reduce the cost of both sewage and iron-orewastewater treatments, as well as in the economic production of the nano-adsorbent.
Structural Assignment of Fluorocyclobutenes by 19F NMR Spectroscopy – Comparison of Calculated 19F NMR Shielding Constants with Experimental 19F NMR Shifts (2018)

Although the optimized reduction of perfluorocyclobutene with LiAlH 4 gave a quantitative yield of the target 3,3,4,4‐tetrafluorocyclobut‐1‐ene, unoptimized reductions led to complex inseparable mixtures of fluorocyclobutenes. These mixtures showed highly complex 19 F NMR spectra, the assignment of which was quite tedious. Hence, we accomplished a series of single‐reference computations of the 19 F NMR magnetic shieldings of the corresponding fluorine atoms. Surprisingly, various DFT approaches, including both traditional and advanced functionals, gave highly diverse results with poor correlations between the experimental and computed 19 F chemical shifts, and the individual fluorocyclobutenes could not be identified. In contrast, the domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled clusters (DLPNO‐CCSD) method, developed recently as a part of the ORCA computational package, gave shielding values that enabled the assignment of all structures observed, albeit with some systematic errors. Slightly better magnetic shielding values were obtained by a simple Hartree–Fock (HF) method with a specially tailored IGLO‐III basis set. The method developed was successfully employed for the assignment of the 19 F NMR shifts of unknown fluorocyclobutenes.
Online Investigation of Aqueous-Phase Electrochemical Reactions by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Electrochemistry (EC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for elucidation of electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, direct online analysis of electrochemical reaction in aqueous phase was rarely explored. This paper presents the online investigation of several electrochemical reactions with biological relevance in the aqueous phase, such as nitrosothiol reduction, carbohydrate oxidation, and carbamazepine oxidation using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). It was found that electroreduction of nitrosothiols [e.g., nitrosylated insulin B (13-23)] leads to free thiols by loss of NO, as confirmed by online MS analysis for the first time. The characteristic mass shift of 29 Da and the reduced intensity provide a quick way to identify nitrosylated species. Equally importantly, upon collision-induced dissociation (CID), the reduced peptide ion produces more fragment ions than its nitrosylated precursor ion (presumably the backbone fragmentation cannot compete with the facile NO loss for the precursor ion), thus facilitating peptide sequencing. In the case of saccharide oxidation, it was found that glucose undergoes electro-oxidation to produce gluconic acid at alkaline pH, but not at neutral and acidic pHs. Such a pH-dependent electrochemical behavior was also observed for disaccharides such as maltose and cellobiose. Upon electrochemical oxidation, carbamazepine was found to undergo ring contraction and amide bond cleavage, which parallels the oxidative metabolism observed for this drug in leucocytes. The mechanistic information of these redox reactions revealed by EC/DESI-MS would be of value in nitroso-proteome research and carbohydrate/drug metabolic studies.
Data from Dynamic Regulation of Expression of KRAS and Its Effectors Determines the Ability to Initiate Tumorigenesis in Pancreatic Acinar Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Pancreatic acinar cells are a cell type of origin for pancreatic cancer that become progressively less sensitive to tumorigenesis induced by oncogenic Kras mutations after birth. This sensitivity is increased when Kras mutations are combined with pancreatitis. Molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are still largely unknown. To identify these mechanisms, we generated the first CRISPR-edited mouse models that enable detection of wild-type and mutant KRAS proteins &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Analysis of these mouse models revealed that more than 75% of adult acinar cells are devoid of detectable KRAS protein. In the 25% of acinar cells expressing KRAS protein, transcriptomic analysis highlighted a slight upregulation of the RAS and MAPK pathways. However, at the protein level, only marginal pancreatic expression of essential KRAS effectors, including C-RAF, was observed. The expression of KRAS and its effectors gradually decreased after birth. The low sensitivity of adult acinar cells to Kras mutations resulted from low expression of KRAS and its effectors and the subsequent lack of activation of RAS/MAPK pathways. Pancreatitis triggered expression of KRAS and its effectors as well as subsequent activation of downstream signaling; this induction required the activity of EGFR. Finally, expression of C-RAF in adult pancreas was required for pancreatic tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our study reveals that control of the expression of KRAS and its effectors regulates the sensitivity of acinar cells to transformation by oncogenic Kras mutations.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study generates new mouse models to study regulation of KRAS during pancreatic tumorigenesis and highlights a novel mechanism through which pancreatitis sensitizes acinar cells to Kras mutations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Garment texture editing in monocular video sequences based on color-coded printing patterns (2006)

In this report we present a video processing algorithm for texture replacement of moving garments. We use a color-coded pattern which encodes texture coordinates within a local neighborhood in order to robustly determine the geometric deformation of the fabric. A time-coherent texture interpolation is obtained by the use of 3D radial basis functions. Shading maps are determined with a technique operating in the image gradient domain. We use the recovered shading maps to realistically apply new textures to the color-coded garment in the video sequence. Our method enables editing and even completely exchanging fabric pattern designs of garments worn by actors as a video post-processing step.
Myocardial adrenergic dysfunction in rats with transgenic, human renin-dependent hypertension (2001)

TGR rat hearts develop severe adrenergic dysfunction with decreased adenylyl cyclase and abnormal intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis. Our findings emphasize angiotensin II as a major risk factor promoting early functional decline in cardiac hypertrophy. The data may have implications for patients with activating polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and support the need for an early therapeutic intervention.
A Highly Selective, Organocatalytic Route to Chiral 1,2‐Oxazines from Ketones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
+Three-step H 2 Se/Ar/H 2 S reaction of metal precursors for large area Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 with uniform Ga distribution (2012)

A three-step H 2 Se/Ar/H 2 S reaction is used to process Cu-In-Ga metal precursors to form Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 films over 10 × 10 cm2 substrates. The 1st selenization step gives fine microstructure with Ga accumulation near the Mo back contact, primarily in a Cu 9 Ga 4 phase. Significant grain growth with homogenous through-film Ga distribution is obtained by the 2nd Ar annealing step. The 3rd sulfization step completes the reaction process and incorporates S near the Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 surface. The resulting films show good adhesion and yielded devices with η = 14.8% and V OC = 612 mV.
Specialty materials for underwater acoustics (1982)

In recent years, a majority of the failures of underwater transducers and sonar windows have been identified to be related to problems with the materials used in these systems. Most frequently, a design will successfully meet the initial performance requirement, but the device quickly fails after a short time of exposure to the service environment. The failure mechanisms often are attributable to the fact that the presently used materials are generally not optimized for long-term operation and always poorly characterized for their aging properties. In many cases, material components for a transducer may be selected from different sources, and this results in serious compatibility problems. Furthermore, because of the proprietary nature of many commercial materials, the user has very little control over the quality of the material, which often shows large batch-to-batch variations. This nonreproducibility has made it extremely difficult to properly repair or replace the failed acoustic devices. In order to increase the readiness of present sonars and to improve the lift-time performance requirement of future new transducers, it is necessary to understand materials' composition-property relationship, to develop quality control techniques and to design new materials for optimum applications. In this presentation, the major problem areas will be addressed, and progress made in both the acoustically active and passive materials will be discussed.
A software test-bed for the development of 3-D raster graphics systems (1981)

We describe a set of utility routines for 3-D shaded display which allow us to create raster scan display systems for various experimental and production applications. The principal feature of this system is a flexible scan conversion processor that can simultaneously manage several different object types. Communications between the scan conversion routine and processes which follow it in the display pipeline can be routed through a structure called a “span buffer” which retains some of the high resolution, three dimensional data of the object description and at the same time has the characteristics of a run length encoded image.
Distinct Cargos of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Hypoxic Cells and Their Effect on Cancer Cells (2020)

Hypoxia is a common hallmark of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis and poor outcome. Cancer cells under hypoxia undergo changes in metabolism and there is an intense crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment. This crosstalk is facilitated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; diameter between 30 and 200 nm), including exosomes and microvesicles, which carry a cargo of proteins, mRNA, ncRNA and other biological molecules. Hypoxia is known to increase secretion of sEVs and has an impact on the composition of the cargo. This sEV-mediated crosstalk ultimately leads to various biological effects in the proximal tumor microenvironment but also at distant, future metastatic sites. In this review, we discuss the changes induced by hypoxia on sEV secretion and their cargo as well as their effects on the behavior and metabolism of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and metastatic events.
Prevalence of Alzheimer plaques in AIDS (1998)

There is a predisposition to argyrophilic plaque formation in the brain in AIDS. The findings support the view that a stimulus to an inflammatory response in the brain favours argyrophilic plaque formation. The clinical relevance of our findings is, as yet, unclear.
Association of Tuberculosis Risk With the Degree of Tuberculin Reaction in HIV-Infected Patients (1997)

<h3>Background:</h3> The risk of developing active tuberculosis associated with a different size of induration to purified protein derivative (PPD) has not been prospectively assessed among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The quantification of this risk is important to more appropriately identify candidates for preventive therapy for tuberculosis. <h3>Methods:</h3> A prospective, multicenter, cohort study on tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients was conducted in 23 infectious disease units in public hospitals in Italy. Two thousand six hundred ninety-five HIV-infected patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 1054 patients who were nonanergic at the time of entry were included in the present analysis. The median duration of follow-up was 102 weeks. The main outcome measure was a diagnosis of active tuberculosis confirmed by the isolation of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in culture. <h3>Results:</h3> Among the 252 patients with PPD reactivity, patients with an induration to PPD of 2 to 4 mm had a median CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocyte count of 0.34X10<sup>9</sup>/L (interquartile [IQ] range, 0.14X 10<sup>9</sup>-0.56X 10<sup>9</sup>), those with a response of 5 to 9mm had a median count of 0.38X10<sup>9</sup>/L(IQrange, 0.24X10<sup>9</sup>-0.56X 10<sup>9</sup>), and those with a response of 10 mm or higher had a median count of 0.37X 10<sup>9</sup>/L (IQ range, 0.23X 10<sup>9</sup>-0.52X10<sup>9</sup>) (<i>P</i>=.38). Compared with the 802 nonanergic PPD-negative patients, hazard ratios of tuberculosis were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-18.3) among the 55 patients with a response to PPD of 2 to 4 mm, 5.7 (95% CI, 1.6-19.8) among the 128 patients with a response to PPD of 5 to 9 mm, and 23.1 (95% CI, 7.8-68.6) among the 69 patients with a response to PPD of 10 mm or higher. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Among nonanergic HIV-infected patients, the degree of response to tuberculin does not appear to reflect the degree of immunosuppression and is strongly correlated with the subsequent incidence of tuberculosis. To identify HIV-infected patients who are at an increased risk of tuberculosis and may benefit from preventive therapy, a response to PPD of 5 mm appears to be an appropriate cutoff point. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:797-800
Honouring the donor: in death and in life (2013)

Elective ventilation (EV) is ventilation-not to save a patient's life, but with the expectation that s/he will die-in the hope that organs can be retrieved in the best possible state. The arguments for doing such a thing rest on the value of the lives being saved by the donated organs, maximally honouring the donor's wishes where the patient can be reasonably thought to wish to donate, and a general principle in favour of organ donation where possible as an expression of human solidarity. Arguments against include difficulties surrounding the patient's consent to donation (including the risk of them surviving in an unacceptably bad state), the possibility of changing our perception of organ donation and care in dying, and the moral distress potentially caused to intensive care unit (ICU) staff involved in EV. EV can occur before or after the patient is declared dead and it is EV before the declaration of death (EVb) that occasions the ethical worries. I argue that when we acknowledge the tragedy involved, attend sensitively to the grief proper to human death, and ensure that we are not working in an ethical and legal climate that increases the likelihood of inadvertent survival in an unacceptably bad state, EVb is ethically defensible.
High power cladding-pumped tunable Er-Yb fiber laser (2003)

We report a high-power erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber laser, cladding-pumped at 940nm by two beam-shaped diode-stacks, with up to 29W of output power at 1568nm and with operating wavelength tunable from 1561 to 1627nm.
Paravalvular leak with ACURATE neo and neo2: a comparative study with calcium quantification (2023)

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Moderate or severe paravalvular leak (PVL) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been associated with worse outcomes. Aortic valve (AV) calcification is a strong predictor of PVL. ACURATE neo (Boston Scientific Corporation, United States) is a self-expanding transcatheter heart valve to treat degenerative aortic stenosis. We evaluated PVL after ACURATE neo and neo2 implantation, and the role of AV calcification. Methods: We analyzed patients referred for TAVI with ACURATE neo and neo2 from a large volume tertiary center. All cardiac computed tomography scans were analyzed using 3Mensio Structural Heart software (Pie Medical Imaging, The Netherlands). The volume of AV calcium was quantified using contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography series. The 30-day clinical and echocardiographic data were prospectively recorded. Results: We included 165 patients referred for TAVI with ACURATE (neo = 87; neo2 = 78). Median age was 82 years-old, 65% were women with a median EuroSCORE II of 4.7 [IQR, 2.4-6.1]. Patients in the neo group showed a larger amount of total AV calcium (320 mm3 vs 200 mm3; P = .0305). We found no significant inter-group differences regarding clinical outcomes both in-hospital or at 30-days. At 30-days, the rate of PVL &#x2265; mild (61% vs 34%; P &#x003C; .001) and &#x2265; moderate (15.9% vs 5.4%; P = .0365) were higher in the neo group. After propensity score matching adjusted by the total amount of AV calcium, neo2 was associated with a lower risk of PVL &#x2265; mild (OR, 0.35, 95%CI, 0.18-0.69; P = .003), and &#x2265; moderate (OR, 0.16; 95%CI, 0.03-0.74; P = .019). Conclusions: TAVI with ACURATE neo2 vs neo is associated with a lower risk of any degree of PVL and a reduced risk of PVL &#x2265; moderate. After adjusting for AV calcium volume, ACURATE neo2 was still associated with a lower risk of PVL.
Feasible performance evaluations of active resonant snubber-assisted three phase soft switching inverter (2003)

This paper presents an active resonant snubber-assisted three phase voltage source type soft switching inverter with space voltage vector modulation scheme which can operate under the principle of zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition. The steady-state performances of this digitally-controlled soft switching inverter which is suitable for high-power applications is illustrated and evaluated as compared with a hard switching inverter on the basis of experimental results.
Cell Wall Metabolism in Ripening Fruit (VII. Biologically Active Pectin Oligomers in Ripening Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruits) (1994)

A water-soluble, ethanol-insoluble extract of autolytically inactive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) pericarp tissue contains a series of galacturonic acid-containing (pectic) oligosaccharides that will elicit a transient increase in ethylene biosynthesis when applied to pericarp discs cut from mature green fruit. The concentration of these oligosaccharides in extracts (2.2 [mu]g/g fresh weight) is in excess of that required to promote ethylene synthesis. Oligomers in extracts of ripening fruits were partially purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and their compositions are described. Pectins were extracted from cell walls prepared from mature green fruit using chelator and Na2CO3 solutions. These pectins are not active in eliciting ethylene synthesis. However, treatment of the Na2CO3-soluble, but not the chelator-soluble, pectin with pure tomato polygalacturonase 1 generates oligomers that are similar to those extracted from ripening fruit (according to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis) and are active as elicitors. The possibility that pectin-derived oligomers are endogenous regulators of ripening is discussed.
Endothelins and airways--a short review. (2006)

Endothelins (ETs) are a multifunctional large family of polypeptides. There are three well recognized members in this family (ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3) of which ET-1 appears to be the most important. They have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of many life threatening diseases of humans and animals. They also perform a wide variety of physiological roles. The most important property of ETs is smooth muscle contraction, which allows them to play an important role in the pathogenesis of many vascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital and airway diseases. Another important feature of ETs is their influence on the immune system. Many animal and human studies have shown that antagonists of ET receptors can remarkably alleviate many disease symptoms. ETs produce their effect by acting via two established types of receptors namely ET-A and ET-B, which are present in various type of cells in the body. These receptors have varied and sometimes opposite functions. Pulmonary vascular endothelium is the richest source of ET in the body. Lung is the primary organ of ET metabolism and clearance. It has been reported that ETs play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiolitis obliterans and other important airway diseases. Many of these obstructive airway diseases are characterized by bronchoconstriction, mucous hyperplasia, airway remodeling and inflammation. ET is involved in all of these symptoms. In spite of its involvement in many diseases, the exact role of ET in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to give the reader an insight regarding the importance of multitude and diverse roles played by ETs in various airway diseases.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Identification of Certain Imidazole-Semicarbazone Conjugates Bearing Benzodioxole Moieties: New Antifungal Agents (2019)

During the last three decades the extent of life-threatening fungal infections has increased remarkably worldwide. Synthesis and structure elucidation of certain imidazole-semicarbazone conjugates 5a–o are reported. Single crystal X-ray analysis of compound 5e unequivocally confirmed its assigned chemical structure and the (E)-configuration of its imine double bond. Compound 5e crystallized in the triclinic system, P-1, a = 6.3561 (3) Å, b = 12.5095 (8) Å, c = 14.5411 (9) Å, α = 67.073 (4)°, β = 79.989 (4)°, γ =84.370 (4)°, V = 1048.05 (11) Å3, Z = 2. In addition, DIZ and MIC assays were used to examine the in vitro antifungal activity of the title conjugates 5a–o against four fungal strains. Compound 5e, bearing a 4-ethoxyphenyl fragment, showed the best MIC value (0.304 µmol/mL) against both C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis species, while compounds 5c (MIC = 0.311 µmol/mL), 5k, and 5l (MIC = 0.287 µmol/mL) exhibited the best anti-C. albicans activity.
rhBMP-2 Delivered in a Calcium Phosphate Cement Accelerates Bridging of Critical-Sized Defects in Rabbit Radii (2006)

RhBMP-2 delivered in a calcium phosphate cement may be useful to achieve bridging of critical-sized defects in patients. Its injectable properties may allow minimally invasive use. Delayed percutaneous administration would also be possible when augmentation is desired following an initial surgical procedure or when soft-tissue injuries preclude adequate initial treatment.