gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Activation of HIF2α in Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells Causes Abnormal Glycogen Deposition but not Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary cancer arising from the kidney in adults, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing approximately 75% of all RCCs. Increased expression of the hypoxia-induced factors-1α (HIF1α) and HIF2α has been suggested as a pivotal step in ccRCC carcinogenesis, but this has not been thoroughly tested. Here, we report that expression of a constitutively activated form of HIF2α (P405A, P530A, and N851A, named as HIF2αM3) in the proximal tubules of mice is not sufficient to promote ccRCC by itself, nor does it enhance HIF1αM3 oncogenesis when coexpressed with constitutively active HIF1αM3. Neoplastic transformation in kidneys was not detected at up to 33 months of age, nor was increased expression of Ki67 (MKI67), γH2AX (H2AFX), or CD70 observed. Furthermore, the genome-wide transcriptome of the transgenic kidneys does not resemble human ccRCC. We conclude that a constitutively active HIF2α is not sufficient to cause neoplastic transformation of proximal tubules, arguing against the idea that HIF2α activation is critical for ccRCC tumorigenesis. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(9); 2916–25. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Benzodithiophene Fused Cyclopentannulated Aromatics via a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation and Scholl Cyclodehydrogenation Strategy (2021)

We report the synthesis of a new class of cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) incorporating fused benzodithiophene subunits. These CP-PAHs were prepared utilizing a two-step process involving a palladium catalyzed cyclopentannulation followed by a Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. This work broadens the scope of annulation chemistry by employing 1,2-bis(5-hexylthiophen-3-yl)ethyne and dibromoaryl derivatives based on anthracene, pyrene and perylene to give 4,4',4'',4'''-(cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylene-1,2,6,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-hexylthiophene) , 4,4',4'',4'''-(dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene-1,2,6,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-hexylthiophene) and 1,2,7,8-tetrakis(5-hexylthiophen-3-yl)-1,2,7,8-tetrahydrodicyclopenta[cd,lm]perylene. Scholl cyclodehydrogenation of the pendant thiophene units provided access to the -extended polyaromatic systems 2,5,11,14-tetrahexylrubiceno[5,4-b:6,7-b':12,11-b'':13,14-b''']tetrathiophene, 2,5,11,14-tetrahexyldithieno-[4,5:6,7]indeno[1,2,3-cd]dithieno[4,5:6,7]indeno-[1,2,3-jk]pyrenes, and 2,9,12,19-tetrahexyldithieno[4,5:6,7]indaceno[1,2,3-cd]dithieno[4,5:6,7]indaceno[1,2,3-lm]perylene that possess helicene-like fragments. The anthracene-based CP-PAH was contorted owing to [5]helicene-like arrangements while the pyrene and perylene-based systems were essentially planar. The fully conjugated small molecules give low optical gaps (1.7 - 2.1 eV) with broad light absorption. The HOMO and LUMO energies of the CP-PAHs were found to be in the range of -5.48 to -5.05 eV and -3.48 to -3.14 eV, respectively. Finally, the anthracene-based CP-PAH was found to be a p-type semiconductor when tested in an organic field effect transistor.
Interaction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase with Cellular Nuclear Import Receptor Importin 7 and Its Impact on Viral Replication (2007)

Similar to all other viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) depends heavily on cellular factors for its successful replication. In this study we have investigated the interaction of HIV-1 integrase (IN) with several host nuclear import factors using co-immunoprecipitation assays. Our results indicate that IN interacts specifically with host importin 7 (Imp7) in vivo, but does not interact with importin 8 (Imp8) or importin alpha (Rch1). In contrast, another HIV-1 karyophilic protein MAp17, which is capable of binding Rch1, fails to interact with Imp7, suggesting that IN and Map17 may interact with different cellular pathways during HIV-1 replication. Genetic analysis revealed that the C-terminal domain of IN is the region responsible for interaction between IN with Imp7, and an IN mutant (K240A,K244A/R263A,K264A) disrupted the Imp7 binding ability of the protein, indicating that both regions ((235)WKGPAKLLWKG and (262)RRKAK) within the C-terminal domain of IN are required for efficient IN/Imp7 interaction. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped HIV single-cycle replication system, we showed that the IN/Imp7 interaction-deficient mutant was unable to mediate viral replication and displayed impairment at both viral reverse transcription and nuclear import steps. Moreover, transient knockdown of Imp7 in both HIV-1 producing and target cells resulted in a 2.5-3.5-fold inhibition of HIV infection. Altogether, our results indicate that HIV-1 IN specifically interacts with Imp7, and this viral/cellular protein interaction contributes to efficient HIV-1 infection.
Effects of Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Acetate, Phosphates and Sodium Chloride Alone or in Combination on Shelf Life of Vacuum‐Packaged Pork Chops (1989)

ABSTRACT Microbiological and some physical and chemical effects of treating pork chop surfaces with sodium acid pyrophosphate, a commercial phosphate blend, potassium sorbate and phosphate/sorbate/sodium acetate solutions, with or without sodium chloride, before packaging were studied in pork chops vacuum‐packaged and stored at 2–4°C for 10 weeks. All treatments containing potassium sorbate reduced (P&lt;0.05) counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, EnterobacteriaCeae , facultative anaerobes, and lactobacilli. Treatment of chops with 10% phosphates/ 10% potassium sorbate solutions improved pork color and decreased purge. Potassium sorbate alone reduced microbial counts more than it did when combined with phosphates, but chops were darker and had more exudate (P&lt;0.05). Combined use of 10% phosphates/10% potassium sorbate extended shelf life in vacuum‐packaged fresh pork chops to 10 weeks at 2–4°C compared with 4 weeks for untreated pork and protected meat color.
Ultrastructural Localization of the Terminal and Lytic Ninth Complement Component (C9) at the Motor End-plate in Myasthenia Gravis (1980)

The terminal and lytic complement component (C9) was localized at the motor end-plate in acquired autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) by the immunoperoxidase method, with adequate preservation of fine structure and negligible background staining. C9 was localized on short segments of the postsynaptic membrane on degenerated fragments of the junctional folds shed into the synaptic space, and on disintegrating junctional folds. An inverse relationship was noted between the structural integrity of the junctional folds and the abundance of C9 at a given end-plate region. Destruction of junctional folds by complement may induce relocation of the nerve terminal and increased spatial separation of end-plate regions on the muscle fiber. Destruction of junctional folds by the complement membrane attack complex is a cause of the acetylcholine receptor deficiency at the MG end-plate, but antibody-dependent modulation of the receptor may also contribute to deficiency of the receptor. In certain disorders other than autoimmune MG, pathological mechanisms other than complement-mediated lysis may affect the structural integrity of the postsynaptic region.
Oral Neuroimmune Network and Mast Cells (2009)

Inflammation is a critical process in the oral cavity, especially in gingival inflammation and pulpitis, as seen in periodontitis and decayed tooth structure. Nevertheless, the cellular process involved in oral inflammation is not well delineated. Recent evidence from other organs as well as the mouth suggests that neurogenic inflammation involving mast cells (MCs) may be a critical factor. MCs, best known for their role in allergic reactions, are also involved in immunity and inflammation. They are located at strategic points close to small blood vessels and nerve fibers often containing substance P (SP). The pain models of reversible or irreversible pulpitis simply suggest the complexity of neural-inflammatory interactions within the dental pulp. In the pulp and periapical area, neuropeptides and cytokines modulate vascular responses, increase permeability and leukocyte migration. SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and TNF-positive MCs were found localized around blood vessels in all samples of periapical granulomas. By generating a profound number of potent mediators, MCs may serve as a link between the immune, endocrine and nervous systems in pulp inflammation. This role has been strengthened by recent evidence of MCs involvement in inflammatory conditions.
CMOS-Photonics Codesign of an Integrated DAC-Less PAM-4 Silicon Photonic Transmitter (2016)

Codesign and integration of optical modulators and CMOS drivers is crucial for high-speed silicon photonic (SiP) transmitters to reach their full potential for low-cost, low-power electronic-photonic integrated systems. We present a CMOS-driven SiP multi-level optical transmitter implemented using a commercially available lateral p-n junction process. It uses a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) segmented to increase speed and to lower the required power on a per segment basis to a level achievable with CMOS. A multi-channel driver is designed and implemented in 130 nm RF CMOS, providing a swing of 4 V in a push-pull configuration at 20 Gbaud. Binary data at the CMOS input is manipulated via digital logic to produce the proper per-segment drive signals to generate a four-level pulse-amplitude modulation optical signal. Multi-level modulation is achieved using only binary signals as input (DAC-less). Cosimulation of the optical and electrical circuits shows good agreement with experiment. Reliable transmission is achieved without post-compensation at 28 Gb/s, and at 38 Gb/s when using post-compensation.
Schottky barriers atNiSi2/Si(111) interfaces (1990)

The electronic structures of the two types of ${\mathrm{NiSi}}_{2}$/Si(111) interface were studied within the local-density approximation using the linear muffin-tin orbitals method in the atomic-sphere approximation. Calculations were done for four supercell sizes. The largest supercell contained 12 ${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ layers and 11 ${\mathrm{NiSi}}_{2}$ layers. With each large supercell, the difference between the Schottky-barrier heights (SBH's) of the two types of interface was consistent with experimental values. However, SBH's depend on the supercell size, although larger supercells have enough layers to screen the interface disturbance. Why SBH's depend on the cell size is investigated.
Analytic modelling of magnetic losses in laminated stator cores with consideration of interlamination eddy currents (2016)

The identification of different loss mechanisms and the prediction of exact power dissipations play a significant role in the development of new electric motor designs and the achievement of highest power densities and, therefore, high continuous drive powers. As many approaches exist to estimate the ohmic losses in the windings of a motor and additional mechanical losses, such as bearing losses, the most significant calculation error is usually made in the iron loss estimation of the stator core. In this paper, an analytic calculation method of the iron losses is presented, which gives the opportunity to predict the stator's losses without time-consuming 3D FEM calculations. The basis of the calculation model are commonly known material parameters of the lamination sheet and the insulation varnish, as well as geometric parameters of the target geometry. The result of the loss model is compared and validated with measurement values, delivered by a novel test device for stator segments.
Kalman filter for vision tracking (2005)

The Kalman filter has been used successfully in different prediction applications or state determination of a system. One important field in computer vision is the object tracking. Different movement conditions and occlusions can hinder the vision tracking of an object. In this report we present the use of the Kalman filter in the vision tracking. We consider the capacity of the Kalman filter to allow small occlusions and also the use of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to model complex movements of objects.
Pregabalin: An antiepileptic agent useful for neuropathic pain (2007)

Pregabalin may be beneficial for the treatment of neuropathic pain or partial-onset seizures in patients who do not respond to conventional treatments or cannot tolerate their adverse effects.
An Efficient Compression Scheme for Colour Filter Array Images Using Estimated Colour Differences (2007)

Most consumer digital cameras capture colour images using a single light sensor and a colour filter array (CFA). The CFA allows only one colour of light (red, green, or blue) to reach the sensor at each pixel location. This results in a mosaic image being captured, where either a red, green or blue sample is captured at each location. The two missing colours must be interpolated from the surrounding samples in a process called demosaicking. The conventional approach to performing compression in these cameras is to first perform demosaicking and then compress the resulting full colour image with standard methods. However, recent work has attempted to compress the raw data captured by the sensor, with demosaicking being performed later. One challenge with this method (compression before demosaicking) is exploiting the correlation between the red, green and blue colour planes. Existing methods have used a modified YCbCr colour space conversion which is applied to groups of RGB samples captured at adjacent pixel locations. This results in poor performance around edges, where there is much lower correlation between the RGB samples. In this paper, we propose a new method of exploiting correlation between RGB samples when compressing CFA images. We use a 2D 5times5 linear filter to estimate the green value at each location where a red or blue sample is captured. We then compress the captured green samples, and two "chrominance" planes, which are obtained by taking the difference between the captured red and blue samples and the estimated green value at the same location. This results in much smoother chrominance signals than the modified YCbCr conversion used in previous work. Simulation results show that for different images, the proposed method results in bit rate reductions between 12-25% relative to the previous modified YCbCr conversion when compressing CFA images with JPEG.
Cover Picture: Direct Arylation of Porphyrins with π‐Extended Aryl Bromides under Ligand‐free Fagnou–Hartwig Conditions (Asian J. Org. Chem. 4/2013) (2013)

Transition-metal-catalyzed direct CH arylations have emerged as ideally efficient transformations in organic synthesis. In their Full Paper on page 320 ff, Atsuhiro Osuka et al. report palladium-catalyzed, β-selective, direct arylations of 5,10,15-triarylporphyrins with π-extended aryl bromides, such as 2-bromonaphthalene and 9-bromoanthracene. The β-arylation of the porphyrins proceeds without any additional phosphine ligands and is, thus, an efficient and user-friendly arylation of the porphyrin core.
Labraunda 2017 (2018)

La mission 2017 de Labraunda a été double. Parallèlement à la mission de fouille/documentation/conservation qui s’est déroulée sur le site de Labraunda du 18 juin au 18 août 2017, nous avons inauguré cette année une mission de prospection, pour l’instant modeste, mais qui s’avère très prometteuse. Cette dernière, dont la première édition s’est déroulée pendant les deux semaines qui ont précédé la fouille, a pour objectif d’établir une carte archéologique de la région de Labraunda et de permet...
Pyroxasulfone-Resistant Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Has Enhanced Capacity for Glutathione Transferase-Mediated Pyroxasulfone Conjugation (2021)

The herbicide pyroxasulfone was widely introduced in 2012, and cases of evolved resistance in weeds such as annual ryegrass (<i>Lolium rigidum</i> Gaud.) and tall waterhemp [<i>Amaranthus tuberculatus</i> (Moq.) Sauer] have started to emerge. Pyroxasulfone is detoxified by tolerant crops, and by annual ryegrass that has been recurrently selected with pyroxasulfone, in a pathway that is hypothesized to involve glutathione conjugation. In the current study, it was confirmed that pyroxasulfone is conjugated to glutathione <i>in vitro</i> by glutathione transferases (GSTs) purified from susceptible and resistant annual ryegrass populations and from a tolerant crop species, wheat. The extent of conjugation corresponded to the pyroxasulfone resistance level. Pyroxasulfone-conjugating activity was higher in radicles, roots, and seeds compared to coleoptiles or expanded leaves. Among the GSTs purified from annual ryegrass radicles and seeds, an orthologue of <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> GSTF13 was >20-fold more abundant in the pyroxasulfone-resistant population, suggesting that this protein could be responsible for pyroxasulfone conjugation.
Audience Measurement Modeling for Convergent Broadcasting and IPTV Networks (2009)

Audience research is a vital part of TV and radio broadcasting, as well as of the more recent forms of media content delivery, such as the Internet, IPTV, mobile phones, Personal Video Recorders (PVRs) and portable media viewers. The uses of audience research range from self-promotion to refining service offerings and setting advertising rates. Without reliable audience data, many businesses will be reluctant to participate in the new platforms. This paper describes an end-to-end system for convergent audience measurement focused on IPTV but covering also terrestrial, cable, satellite and mobile broadcasting. We created the audience measurement system from the elaboration of a logical architectural model and a common data model which can be applied to any media scenario. We implemented this logical and data model in stationary and mobile media receivers (in the paper the particular case of IPTV is extensively explained). In addition user consumption is modeled and metrics are provided for user media consumption profiling and impact quantification in IPTV environments.
A novel lipid-binding protein from the cestode Moniezia expansa (1995)

A lipid-binding protein (LBP) has been purified from the cytosol of the cestode Moniezia expansa. The native LBP was found to be an oligomer of approx. 250 kDa, consisting of 11 kDa monomers. The LBP bound saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, but not their CoA derivatives, with KD values in the range 0.68-7.8 microM. Cholesterol, dihydroergosterol, bilirubin and retinoids were also bound, but alpha-tocopherol, bile acids, alk-2-enals and alka-2,4-dienals were not. Evidence suggests that there are two binding sites per subunit, each with different specificities. The fluorescent fatty acid 11-[(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)amino]undecanoic acid (DAUDA) and retinol both showed an additional high-affinity binding site with a density of approximately 0.1 per subunit, suggesting specific binding to the oligomer. The amino acid composition of Moniezia LBP was distinct from that of previously characterized fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). The protein was not N-terminally blocked and yielded a unique amino acid sequence, unrelated to that of any known FABP; there was also evidence of microheterogeneity. Polyclonal antibodies raised to the Moniezia protein did not cross-react with mammalian, nematode or digenean FABP. The Gibbs free energy for protein folding (13.02 kJ/mol; 3.1 kcal/mol), determined by urea denaturation, was identical for both the native and ligand-bound Moniezia LBP. CD spectra showed that the Moniezia protein contained 36% alpha-helix and that the secondary structure underwent only minor changes on ligand binding. Moniezia LBP binds a range of anthelmintics, with KD values again in the range 0.66-7.3 microM. It is possible that, in helminths, binding proteins may play a role in determining the specificity and site of action of anthelmintics.
Amazon Go: Disrupting retail? (2019)

In January of 2018, AMAZON.COM Inc. (Amazon) opened its first self-service Amazon Go convenience store in Seattle, Washington. Armed only with a smartphone app tied to a credit card, a customer could enter the store, select merchandise from the aisles and refrigeration cases, and just walk out—no lines, no waiting, no cashier. A can of coke, chocolate bar, or chicken sandwich placed in a shopper’s bag, is identified, accounted for, and charged to a payment card, all facilitated by computer vision, deep learning, and sensor-based information technologies (IT). Based on extensive public sources, the Amazon Go case provides a rich opportunity to explore an IT-enabled startup that potentially threatens three industries: convenience stores, grocery stores, and fast food outlets. In the future, the technology, either by licensing or expansion by Amazon, arguably could disrupt the broader retail industry and its millions of employees. Students have an opportunity to explore the boundary between IT and business strategy, while seeing the potential economic implications of fixed cost investments in IT. They will see how one company, Amazon, strategically develops, deploys, and extends its growing arsenal of IT weapons. The case also catalyzes discussions of social issues, including the impact of technology on employment and the tradeoffs between personal privacy and customer service.
Impact of pre-amorphization implantation schemes using beam line or plasma ion implantation on Ni(Pt)Si/Si specific contact resistivities (2023)

The specific contact resistivity of Ni(Pt)Si silicide layers on Si active areas has been assessed using the transfer length method (TLM) for a broad range of pre-amorphization implantation conditions, including various implanted species and implantation energies as well as two different implantation processes (beam line ion implantation (BLII) and plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)). Using BLII, the interest of dopant segregation for Schottky barrier height engineering seems to be limited by the difficulty to localize an important quantity of dopants at the Si surface. Using PIII, this difficulty is overcome and a reduction of the specific contact resistivity is obtained when using CF<inf>4</inf>-based implantation processes.
Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife (1998)

An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Stockholm on 15-18 June 1997. The objective of this meeting was to derive consensus toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for both human, fish, and wildlife risk assessment. Based on existing literature data, TEFs were (re)evaluated and either revised (mammals) or established (fish and birds). A few mammalian WHO-TEFs were revised, including 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DF, and PCB 77. These mammalian TEFs are also considered applicable for humans and wild mammalian species. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was insufficient in vivo evidence to continue the use of TEFs for some di-ortho PCBs, as suggested earlier by Ahlborg et al. [Chemosphere 28:1049-1067 (1994)]. In addition, TEFs for fish and birds were determined. The WHO working group attempted to harmonize TEFs across different taxa to the extent possible. However, total synchronization of TEFs was not feasible, as there were orders of a magnitude difference in TEFs between taxa for some compounds. In this respect, the absent or very low response of fish to mono-ortho PCBs is most noticeable compared to mammals and birds. Uncertainties that could compromise the TEF concept were also reviewed, including nonadditive interactions, differences in shape of the dose-response curve, and species responsiveness. In spite of these uncertainties, it was concluded that the TEF concept is still the most plausible and feasible approach for risk assessment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with dioxinlike properties.