gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A surface exposed O-linked galactose residue destabilises the structure of a folded helix–loop–helix dimer (2003)

A 42-residue glycopeptide Tn-15 and the corresponding reference polypeptide Thr-15 were designed and synthesized to provide a model system for the study of how glycosylation affects the stability of a molten globule-like protein. Tn-15 and Thr-15 fold into hairpin helix-loop-helix motifs that dimerise to form four-helix bundles and the only difference between the sequences is that Tn-15 carries an O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue at the side chain of threonine-15 whereas the sequence Thr-15 is unglycosylated. An analysis of the mean residue ellipticities at 222 nm of the two polypeptides and of the alpha-H chemical shift deviations from random coil values showed that glycosylation reduced the helical content of the polypeptides and increased the dissociation constant of the helix-loop-helix dimer to form monomers. The pH dependencies of the helical content of Tn-15 and Thr-15 differed as that of Thr-15 was largely unaffected by pH in the range from pH 4 to pH 10, whereas Tn-15 lost almost half of the helical content at pH 4 upon raising the pH to 10. No single amino acid residue was found to ionize in a way that could explain the observed pH dependence of Tn-15. The temperature dependence of the mean residue ellipticity of Tn-15 revealed a surprising decrease in helicity at 278 K in comparison with that at 293 K, reminiscent of cold denaturation, that was not observed for the reference four-helix bundle Thr-15.
Experiments of In-Vehicle Inductive High-Voltage Power Line Communication (2019)

In electric vehicles (EVs), high-voltage batteries supply power to power distribution units (PDUs) that drive motors, generators, blowers, and air conditioners through high-power cables. In the future, as the number of electronic devices in a vehicle increases, communication lines must be added for controlling the electronic devices. In this study, we proposed the application of inductive power line communication (PLC) to simplify EV wiring. An inductive coupler consisting of nano-crystalline cores was fabricated and applied to high voltage power lines of EVs to measure the performance of in-vehicle inductive PLC. As a result of the experiments, the high-voltage cable guarantees the data rate of 35Mbps. The real-time video transmission between the engine room and the trunk was successfully carried out. We expect that the inductive PLC in EVs will contribute to the simplification of communication lines and reduction of vehicle weight.
Switched capacitor building blocks (1980)

The paper describes several new building blocks which can realize the general second-order sampled-data transfer function. These can be used to realize more complex functions either by cascading them or combining them in a multiple-feedback structure.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and lattice resonances in metasurfaces composed of silicon nanocylinders (2019)

Densely packed metasurfaces composed of cylindrical silicon nano-resonators were found to demonstrate the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency at electric dipolar resonances. It was shown that this phenomenon is not related to overlapping of dipolar resonances or to the Kerker’s effects. The observed transparency appeared to be related to interference between waves scattered by nano-resonators and by additional scattering centers including the electric branch of lattice resonances. Coupled resonance fields were also found to contribute to observed phenomena.
16-Channel Low Power CMOS Integrated Circuit for Detection of Auditory Nerve Signals (2015)

For sensorineural hearing loss, auditory perception can be activated by electrical stimulation of a nervous system via electrode implanted into cochlea or auditory nerves. As the tonotopic map of the human auditory nerve has not been absolutely identified, the recording of its signal with electrode is desirable to determine the map. This paper proposes a 16-channel analog front-end for auditory nerve signal detection. Its channel consists of an AC coupling circuit, a 4th-order Gm-C lowpass filter (LPF), and a single-slope analog-todigital converter (ADC). While blocking DC level, the AC coupling circuit transfers only AC signal. The Gm-C LPF is designed with operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) using floating-gate technique for small Gm. The channel-wise single-slope ADC is used because it has the small area and low power consumption. Experiment results show the prototype chip fabricated in 0.35-m CMOS process has the bandwidth of 0.1 ~ 6.95 kHz with the gain of 19.9 dB, the effective resolution of 7.7 bits and the power consumption per a channel of 12 W.
Actividad antioxidante y citotóxica de extractos de Pilea dauciodora Wedd (Urticaceae) (2015)

Introduccion: la produccion de radicales libres debido al estres oxidativo, ocasiona la oxidacion de lipidos, proteinas, DNA y enzimas que son responsables del dano del tejido celular. Algunas actividades biologicas han sido reportadas para especies del genero Pilea Lindl (Urticaceae), lo cual hace llamativo la exploracion de las propiedades reductoras en miembros de este genero, como una alternativa en la busqueda de nuevos antioxidantes naturales. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad citotoxica y antioxidante de extractos alcoholicos y no alcoholicos de Pilea dauciodora Wedd . Metodos: despues de secado el material vegetal, a las hojas se les realizo un proceso de extraccion por soxhlet con solventes de diferentes polaridades (diclorometano, acetato de etilo y etanol); de igual manera se procedio para preparar el extracto etanolico de los tallos. Las soluciones obtenidas se concentraron a presion reducida y se evaluo la capacidad antioxidante por diferentes metodos y la citotoxicidad en celulas U-937. Resultados: el extracto etanolico de los tallos y el extracto de acetato de etilo de las hojas, arrojaron las mas altas capacidades reductoras y menor citotoxicidad, lo cual hace de estos extractos promisorios en la busqueda de nuevos compuestos antioxidantes. Conclusion: pilea dauciodora w edd presenta propiedad reductora, por lo cual tiene un alto potencial como fuente natural de antioxidantes de uso potencial en la industria farmaceutica y de alimentos.
High Impact, Amorphous Terephthalate Copolyesters of Rigid 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol with Flexible Diols (2000)

A new family of terephthalate-based copolyesters has been found to exhibit high impact resistance combined with good thermal properties, ultraviolet stability, optical clarity, and low color. These engineering thermoplastic compositions were prepared using conformationally rigid cis/trans-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol [CBDO] and flexible C2−C4 aliphatic glycols. The copolymers were amorphous when the CBDO (∼50/50 cis/trans) content was about 40 to 90 mol % of total diol. Glass transition temperatures were 80−168 °C, depending on the proportion of rigid CBDO units. Impact resistance was inversely proportional to CBDO content, and notched Izod values as high as 1000 J/m were obtained. Both high Tg (>100 °C) and high impact (250−750 J/m) can be realized simultaneously for compositions containing about 50−80 mol % CBDO. Accelerated weathering indicated good inherent resistance of 1,3-propanediol/CBDO copolyterephthalate to yellowing under ultraviolet radiation. Dibutyltin oxide was more effective for transesterification of CBDO with dimethyl terephthalate than other typical catalysts. Better color and higher molecular weights were obtained with this catalyst when the flexible diol was 1,3-propanediol or 1,4-butanediol rather than ethylene glycol.
Calpain 1 regulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung epithelial cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (2017)

Cell proliferation, transformation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are key processes involved in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study investigated the regulatory factors and signaling pathways that mediate EMT in the human type II alveolar epithelial A549 cell line. A549 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and allocated to the following four groups: blank control group or treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β1 + PD 150606 (a calpain 1 inhibitor), or PD 150606. We examined E-cadherin (E-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and calpain 1 mRNA transcript and protein expression levels in these four groups by performing RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The results indicated that TGF-β1 treatment significantly downregulated E-cad and upregulated α-SMA expression compared with that of the blank control group (P<0.05). TGF-β1 also enhanced calpain 1 expression compared with that of the blank control group (P<0.05). By contrast, treatment with the calpain 1 inhibitor PD 150606 increased E-cad expression and decreased α-SMA expression. Furthermore, PD 150606 treatment antagonized TGF-β1-mediated increase in Akt/phospho-Akt in A549 epithelial cells. However, TGF-β1-induced ETM was not correlated with the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. These combined results indicate that calpain 1 could regulate EMT in TGF-β1-treated A549 epithelial cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Flaw characterization using inversion of eddy current response and the effect of filters and scan resolution (2016)

The objective of this work is to expand eddy current inversion methods to enable estimation of flaw dimensions and orientations for data collected using a variety of scan resolutions and filter configurations. Prior work [1, 2] has demonstrated the capability of applying inverse methods to unfiltered, high-fidelity, automated eddy current data. This has shown advantages over a simple amplitude-based analysis of the data. However, to apply this approach to data collected using standard depot inspection settings, additional algorithms must be developed. In addition to including a high-pass filter, standard depot surface inspections often involve a part rotating at a constant angular velocity while a probe moves along a linear path. To expand the current inversion capabilities, two options were investigated. The first option involves re-sampling and filtering the forward model prior to inversion. The second option focuses on post-processing the flaw signal to a) effectively remove or minimize the effect of the filter and b) re-sample the data to have a pre-determined, uniform sample-point spacing. To validate the developed algorithms, data were collected by rotating a part while sampling along a linear path, and a 20 Hz high-pass filter was applied. The complete set of inversion algorithms was then used, and the resulting estimates of flaw length, depth, width, and orientation were in good agreement with the corresponding estimates determined using the original, high-fidelity, unfiltered data.
Application of deep learning algorithms for Lithographic mask characterization (2018)

The appearance of defects on the photomask is a key challenge in lithographic printing. Printable defects affect the lithographic process by causing errors in both the phase and magnitude of the light and of the sizes and location of the printed features. Presently 193 nm optical inspection tools are still the main ones for detecting pattern defects on EUV masks.1 However, pattern sizes on EUV masks could not be detected due to the resolution limit of 193 nm inspection tools. We propose and investigate the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to characterize and classify defects on lithographic masks. This paper details the training and evaluation of the CNNs to classify defects in simulated aerial images of an EUV setting. The simulation software Dr.LiTHO is used to simulate aerial images of defect-free masks and of masks with different types and locations of defects. Specifically we compute images of regular arrays of squares to be imaged with typical settings of EUV lithography (&lambda; = 13.5 nm, NA= 0.33). We consider five types of absorber defects (extrusion, intrusion, oversize, undersize and center spot). The architecture of the CNN contains 4 convolutional layers (conv. layers) with a mixed size of filter,(3x3) and (5x5). The convolution stride and the spatial padding is 1 pixel for all conv. layers. Spatial pooling is carried out by 4 max-pooling layers. Two separate networks are trained for detection of the defect types and location, whereas a third algorithm combines the results. When an image is presented to the implemented algorithm and trained networks, it will return the defect type with its location. An accuracy of 99.9% on the training set and 99.3% on the test set is achieved for detection of the defect type. The network trained for location detection results in 98.7% training accuracy and 98.0% for the test set. Having a sufficient amount of training images the trained CNNs classify the types of defects and their location in the aerial image with high accuracy. The proposed method can be also applied to other defect types and simulation settings.
Microbial strain collections and information (2014)

This culture collection contains only non-pathogenic microorganisms contains information on strain names and special application of the particular microorganisms. This collection specializes in microorganisms valued for industrial applications, includes many patented microbes, and the company also provides oilfield and environmental services. This database provides a large set of industrial microorganisms. Under specific entries, it contains information on the origins of, and literature on, the strains. The DSMZ is the German collection of microorganisms and cell cultures. It contains approximately 20,000 bacterial and 5,000 fungal strains. Microbial strain information is a tool with the goal of providing a comprehensive microbial knowledge base. This database focus on fungi and bacteria of the class known as actinomycetes. This web article describes the needs and designs of compiling microbial strain information. This clearinghouse site contains links to many microbial strain collections around the world. The RDP provides annotated bacterial, archael, and fungal rRNA sequences for use in taxonomy and in analyzing secondary structure. This site provides information for global culture collections to share and coordinate information. The American Type Culture Collection specializes in microorganisms useful for research, medical and industrial applications. There is a push to provide fuller data on strains to accompany genome sequences to allow users to more fully benefit from the genome data. The NCBI taxonmy browser provides information on all taxonomic units including bacteria and archae. This site specializes in taxonomic information for prokaryotic strains. This database contains a large amount of information on microbial genomes as well as metadata on those strains. This database focuses specifically on bacteria that use the magnetic field of the earth to navigate. This page lists the strains contained with the University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database. There are links to information on the metabolic pathways contained within those strains. Microbes online contains information on microbial genomes, gene expression, and fitness.
A high frequency resonant scanner using thermal actuation (2003)

Large deflection MEMS scanning mirrors are sometimes difficult to design as they require large clearances to avoid collisions. This paper describes a surface micromachined thermally actuated 1D optical scanner capable of large deflection. An array of in-plane Joule heated buckle beams is configured to produce a torque that rotates a cantilevered mirror away from the substrate. The high-Q structure enables deflection of the mirror through large scan angles when operated at resonance. The RMS heating of the buckle beams at high frequencies coupled with residual stress in the mirror's cantilever lift the mirror away from the substrate to help avoid collisions during operation.
Ca-SUBSTITUTED POLYCRYSTALLINE GARNETS WITH VERY LOW OPTICAL ABSORPTION (1987)

Ca-substituted polycrystalline garnets with low optical absorption coefficient, below 2 cm-1, can be reproducibly prepared by reducing the cause of dispersion and absorption. The lowest optical absorption coefficient which has been measured so far is 0.5 cm-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. Reduction of porosity can be accomplished by simultaneous substitution of Y3+ ions by Ca2+ ions in combination with V5+ ions for charge compensation and by sintering near the temperature at which the anomalous grain growth originates. Also, heat treatment at the temperature in the normal grain growth region reduces optical absorption of CaV-substituted polycrystalline garnets. It was found that the dispersion effect on optical absorption caused by grains is small in comparison with the dispersion caused by pores.
Effect of glycemic control on the overnight dexamethasone suppression test in patients with diabetes mellitus. (1992)

Because many of the clinical features associated with Cushing's syndrome are frequently found in patients with diabetes mellitus, diabetic patients are often evaluated for Cushing's syndrome. The initial test for Cushing's syndrome is the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST), but its value as a screening test in diabetic subjects, especially those with poor glycemic control, has been questioned. To address this issue, an overnight DST was administered to 100 subjects with diabetes. Only 7 patients failed to suppress their plasma cortisol to less than 140 nmol/L (5.0 micrograms/dL), achieving a specificity of 93%. There was no relation between acute glycemic control (as measured by the mean of 4 serum glucose values obtained before receiving dexamethasone) or chronic glycemic control (as measured by glycohemoglobin) and false positive responses to the 1 mg overnight DST. The mean of the measures of acute glycemic control of the 7 subjects who had false positive results, 14.4 +/- 2.8 mmol/L, was not significantly different than that of the 93 subjects with normal responses, 13.2 +/- 3.3 mmol/L. Similarly, the mean glycohemoglobin of the subjects with false positive results, 12.8 +/- 2.4%, was not significantly different than that of the subjects with normal responses, 12.9 +/- 2.5%. There was no correlation between plasma cortisol after dexamethasone and glycohemoglobin (r = 0.05), and only a weak correlation with the mean serum glucose (r = 0.21). We conclude that the 1 mg overnight DST is a valid screening test for Cushing's syndrome in patients with diabetes, regardless of glycemic control.
Trends in microwave tube technology and markets past and future (2004)

The mini-tube TWT were products clearly motivated by markets which could be reasonably predicted and assessed. Today, the 'Vacuum Electronics Devices' (VED) industry, at least in the US, is entirely market driven. The inroads of solid-state devices continue to undercut sales not only in current applications, but, interestingly, also in future ones, for which no proven solid-state devices exist. The VEDs manufactured with solid-state technology, will find a niche market in millimeter-wave sources. In any case, it is not clear whether renewed growth in VEDs in likely to be spurred by new technology, developed with the limited government or private support now available in most countries, or a clear vision of developing markets.
Case-based computerized examinations for medical students - objective, implementation and experiences (2006)

Medical students often lack the ability to develop strategies for problem solving based on adequate diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Case studies are an appropriate learning as well as examining tool for this purpose. For in-house examinations new computer based examinations are playing an important role, because they permit a chronological approach to clinical cases. At the same time this method allows the use of new question and answer formats. Based on this background CASUS was introduced at the Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf as a mandatory case and computer-based learning system including an online computer-based exam for the first time in Germany. About 140 students participated in the examination which was held at the university’s computer centre. The introduction of the online examination led to a significant increase in the use of the CASUS study cases during the term. The study cases as well as the online examination were accepted very well among the students. Despite the cost-effective use of this multimedia method and its didactic advantages it currently requires more administrative efforts and is more interference-prone than traditional paper based examinations with multiple choice questions. Problems of justiciability and technological safety have to be solved first before a routine use in summative evaluation of learning. Therefore, at present online examinations can serve for the formative evaluation of learning.
Novel Escherichia coli RF1 mutants with decreased translation termination activity and increased sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of the bacterial toxins Kid and RelE (2008)

Novel mutations in prfA, the gene for the polypeptide release factor RF1 of Escherichia coli, were isolated using a positive genetic screen based on the parD (kis, kid) toxin-antitoxin system. This original approach allowed the direct selection of mutants with altered translational termination efficiency at UAG codons. The isolated prfA mutants displayed a approximately 10-fold decrease in UAG termination efficiency with no significant changes in RF1 stability in vivo. All three mutations, G121S, G301S and R303H, were situated close to the nonsense codon recognition site in RF1:ribosome complexes. The prfA mutants displayed increased sensitivity to the RelE toxin encoded by the relBE system of E. coli, thus providing in vivo support for the functional interaction between RF1 and RelE. The prfA mutants also showed increased sensitivity to the Kid toxin. Since this toxin can cleave RNA in a ribosome-independent manner, this result was not anticipated and provided first evidence for the involvement of RF1 in the pathway of Kid toxicity. The sensitivity of the prfA mutants to RelE and Kid was restored to normal levels upon overproduction of the wild-type RF1 protein. We discuss these results and their utility for the design of novel antibacterial strategies in the light of the recently reported structure of ribosome-bound RF1.
Mixing Enhancement (2000)

Now I think hydrodynamics is to be the root of all physical science, and is at present second to none in the beauty of its mathematics.(William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), 1824–1907)
Probabilistic Inference and Differential Privacy (2010)

We identify and investigate a strong connection between probabilistic inference and differential privacy, the latter being a recent privacy definition that permits only indirect observation of data through noisy measurement. Previous research on differential privacy has focused on designing measurement processes whose output is likely to be useful on its own. We consider the potential of applying probabilistic inference to the measurements and measurement process to derive posterior distributions over the data sets and model parameters thereof. We find that probabilistic inference can improve accuracy, integrate multiple observations, measure uncertainty, and even provide posterior distributions over quantities that were not directly measured. 1