gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meteorological Observations for Renewable Energy Applications at Site 300 (2011)

In early October 2010, two Laser and Detection Ranging (LIDAR) units (LIDAR-96 and LIDAR-97), a 3 m tall flux tower, and a 3 m tall meteorological tower were installed in the northern section of Site 300 (Figure 1) as a first step in development of a renewable energy testbed facility. This section of the SMS project is aimed at supporting that effort with continuous maintenance of atmospheric monitoring instruments capable of measuring vertical profiles of wind speed and wind direction at heights encountered by future wind power turbines. In addition, fluxes of energy are monitored to estimate atmospheric mixing and its effects on wind flow properties at turbine rotor disk heights. Together, these measurements are critical for providing an accurate wind resource characterization and for validating LLNL atmospheric prediction codes for future renewable energy projects at Site 300. Accurate, high-resolution meteorological measurements of wind flow in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and surface-atmosphere energy exchange are required for understanding the properties and quality of available wind power at Site 300. Wind speeds at heights found in a typical wind turbine rotor disk ({approx} 40-140 m) are driven by the synergistic impacts of atmospheric stability, orography, and land-surface characteristics on the mean wind flow in the PBL and related turbulence structures. This section of the report details the maintenance and labor required in FY11 to optimize the meteorological instruments and ensure high accuracy of their measurements. A detailed look at the observations from FY11 is also presented. This portion of the project met the following milestones: Milestone 1: successful maintenance and data collection of LIDAR and flux tower instruments; Milestone 2: successful installation of solar power for the LIDAR units; and Milestone 3: successful implementation of remote data transmission for the LIDAR units.
Adenoviral Delivery of a Leukocyte-Type 12 Lipoxygenase Ribozyme Inhibits Effects of Glucose and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

The lipoxygenase (LO) pathway has been implicated as an important mediator of chronic glucose and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced effects in the vascular system. Endothelial cells treated with 12LO products or cultured in high glucose showed enhanced monocyte adhesion, an important step in atherogenesis. We have previously reported that PDGF increased HETE levels in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells. Although several pharmacological inhibitors to the LO pathway are available, most lack specificity and may harbor undesirable side effects. Therefore, we developed a recombinant adenovirus expressing a hammerhead ribozyme (AdRZ) targeted against the porcine leukocyte-type 12LO mRNA to investigate the involvement of LO in glucose- and PDGF-mediated effects in vascular cells. Infection of porcine aortic endothelial cells with AdRZ reduced the level of glucose-enhanced 12LO mRNA expression as determined by quantitative, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Reverse-phase HPLC and RIA analysis also revealed a corresponding decrease in glucose-stimulated 12HETE production in both the cellular and supernatant fractions. In the ribozyme-treated porcine aortic endothelial cells, there was marked inhibition of high glucose-stimulated monocyte adhesion. Infection with AdRZ also reduced PDGF-induced porcine aortic smooth muscle cell migration by approximately 50%. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of recombinant adenovirus expressing 12LO ribozyme in studying the effects of 12LO in vascular wall cells. They document an important role for the 12LO pathway in regulating inflammatory changes in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
Olive Leaf Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor of Carbon Steel in CO-Saturated Chloride–Carbonate Solution (2016)

In the present study corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in CO2-saturated chloride–carbonate solution by the olive leaf extract has been researched. For that purpose the electrochemical and spectrophotometric techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. Both electrochemical techniques, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, demonstrate that olive leaf extract inhibits the carbon steel corrosion in CO2-saturated chloride–carbonate solution. It was determined that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of the olive leaf extract. The olive leaf extract achieves high corrosion efficiency as a mixed type inhibitor, with a prevailing influence on the anode process. Recorded electrochemical impedance spectra in the presence of the extract show the presence of the inhibitor film on the steel surface. This is further confirmed by the recording in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum.
<title>Emerging technology in fiber optic sensors</title> (1991)

Some recent innovations in interferoinetric fiber optic sensors include special fibers new components and sensor systems. Many of the concepts have precedents in microwaves. 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES The application of optical fibers to sensors is diffuse compared with their application to optical communications which is essentially focused on the single problem of how to get information from A to B. A fiber sensor is viable when it can do something not possible with better than more cheaply than any existing method. The probability of the emergence of a new sensor depends on the length of time that a need for the sensor and the possibility of meeting that need have co-existed regardless of whether the need or the possibility has appeared first. 2. TYPES OF SENSOR Fiber sensors can be divided into: a) Multimode fiber sensors which depend on amplitude effects b) Single mode (single path) fiber sensors which depend on phase effects. Since multimode fiber has existed for many decades the emergence of a new multimode sensor depends mostly on the discovery of a new need for such a sensor. On the other hand single mode/single path (i. e. polarization maintaining) fiber is relatively new and so is still being applied to existing needs. This is particularly so of recent innovations in fibers and components. SPIE Vol. 1396 Applications of Optical Engineering Proceedings of OE/Midwest ''90 / 709
Photocatalytic Cycloaddition Reaction of Triarylphosphines with Alkynes Forming Cyclic Phosphonium Salts (2021)

Herein reported is a photocatalytic cycloaddition reaction of triarylphosphines with alkynes. Phosphonium salts of unique bicyclic structures are synthesized through a radical pathway under mild reaction conditions. The phosphonium salts are subjected to the Wittig olefination reaction to afford structurally interesting phosphine oxides.
A fixed point computation of partial correlation coefficients (1977)

This paper introduces a new computational algorithm for the partial correlation coefficients of a linear system given the covariance of its output when excited by a white input noise. Although derived from Levinson's well-known procedure, the proposed algorithm does not make use of the usual parameters in the linear prediction recursion. It may be implemented using fixed point arithmetics. Application to speech waves is emphasized.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Zirconium Titanate and its Dielectric Properties (2007)

The thermal decomposition of a ZrTi2[(OC2H4)2NH]3(OC3H7)6 precursor by the RAPET (reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature) method provided the formation of crystalline zirconium titanate nanoparticles. These as-prepared nanoparticles are embedded in a carbon shell, which can be removed completely by calcination at 500 °C under air for 3 h, resulting in pure white crystalline nanoparticles. At a reaction temperature of 700 °C, the nanoparticles are mainly ZrTi2O6 (srilankite), whereas at 800 °C, the product is predominately Zr5Ti7O24. The structural, morphological, compositional, magnetic, and AC electrical properties are measured for the as-prepared ZrTi2O6 embedded in carbon (ZTEC), as well as the crystalline ZrTi2O6 nanoparticles (ZTN) obtained after sintering. The reaction mechanism is based on the decomposition products containing pyrrol and pyrazine. The presence of these compounds provides an understanding of the decomposition of the diethanolamine ligands and the formation of the nanoparticles in general.
A new optical active probe for chronometric measurements in detonics (2003)

In our ordinary detonics experiments, the timing measurements are generally done with passive optical fiber sensors. Each sensor end is fitted with a metallic cap which contains a specially machined air chamber known as the "ionization chamber." When a projected metallic plate shocks the sensor, the air located in the ionization chamber receives a strong shock, which ionizes both the trapped air and the fiber silica core. The emitted light travels down the fiber to the slit of an electronic streak camera or an optic/electric converter coupled with a digitizer. One of our main objectives is to measure the shock breakout time very accurately. Such a measurement is practically impossible to make on a sensor of this type due to low shock pressure level and the difficulty of making contact between the sensor and the target especially in complex devices. This is why we have developed a new probe called "active fiber." This probe is located close to the surface (less than 3 mm) and is composed of two fibers; the first is used to illuminate the target with a laser source and the second collects the back-reflected light which is then analyzed with a photo-detector. It is a "no contact" measurement for shock breakout chronometry. At target impact, a light signal is produced according to the capped passive optical fiber principle. When the dynamic pressure level is low (150 kbar) we obtain a better chronometric accuracy.
Intermolecular C−N Addition of Amides and S−N Addition of Sulfinamides to Arynes (2005)

An efficient, mild, transition-metal-free method has been developed for the intermolecular C-N sigma-bond addition of amides and S-N sigma-bond addition of sulfinamides to arynes to form one C-C bond and one heteroatom-carbon bond in one step at room temperature. Evidence for a stepwise mechanism is provided.
Development of a flexible three-axis tactile sensor based on screen-printed carbon nanotube-polymer composite (2014)

A flexible, three-axis carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer composite-based tactile sensor is presented. The proposed sensor consists of a flexible substrate, four sensing cells, and a bump structure. A CNT–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite is produced by a solvent evaporation method, and thus, the CNTs are well-dispersed within the PDMS matrix. The composite is directly patterned onto a flexible substrate using a screen printing technique to fabricate a sensor with four sensing cells. When a force is applied on the bump, the magnitude and direction of force could be detected by comparing the changes in electrical resistance of each sensing cell caused by the piezoresistive effect of the composite. The experimentally verified sensing characteristics of the fabricated sensor exhibit a linear relationship between the resistance change and the applied force, and the measured sensitivities of the sensor for the normal and shear forces are 6.67 and 86.7%/N for forces up to 2.0 and 0.5 N, respectively. Experiments to verify the load-sensing repeatability show a maximum 2.00% deviation of the resistance change within the tested force range.
A SHIFT REGISTER-BASED SYSTOLIC ARRAY FOR THE UNBOUNDED KNAPSACK PROBLEM (1995)

We present a shift register-based systolic array for a class of recurrences, with dynamic dependencies called knapsack problem recurrences. All previous arrays or parallel implementations led to either low efficiency or to complicated control. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed design is the first realistic pure systolic and optimal array for this pseudo-polynomial, NP-hard problem. The key feature of the array is that it requires almost no control circuitry.
Decreased High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Hypopituitarism* (1979)

Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured in 10 men and 3 women with hypopituitarism. The mean total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased but were within the range of controls. The mean HDL-C concentration and the HDL-C to total cholesterol ratio were significantly decreased. Similar findings were present in a patient with isolated GH deficiency. Two men with Kallman's syndrome and 3 patients with active acromegaly had values that were either within or just below the normal range. Replacement therapy with thyroid hormone and prednisone resulted in a normalization of HDL-C concentrations in four of the five patients studied. This improvement suggests a role for thyroid hormone and/or glucocorticoids in the maintenance of normal HDL-C concentrations. These observations also suggest that the distribution of plasma lipoprotein fractions is dependent in part, either directly or indirectly, on pituitary hormones.
A review of the Dillwyn Evans type collateral operation in severe club feet (1983)

A modified form of the collateral operation originally described by Dillwyn Evans has been used in severe relapsed club feet to correct the sagittally breached or bean-shaped foot. Forty-five feet in 37 patients were followed up for an average of nine years and nine months. Previous operations had been performed on 42 feet. Thirty out of 45 feet were considered satisfactory at review when evaluated by a simple, functional system of scoring. The majority of the feet were stiff but relatively free of pain and able to fit into normal shoes. The collateral operation was considered successful in 42 feet if the patient's ability to take part in any desired sporting and recreational activities was taken as the criterion for success.
3A1046 Quantification of ATP-driven H^+ transport by thermophilic Bacillus PS3 F_0F_1-ATP synthase reconstituted in a liposomal membrane(Molecular Motors III:F1 ATPase and Mycoplasma,Oral Presentation,The 50th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2012)

Biosci., 1<},oto Sangyo [Jhiv
Design and <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Eudragit-Based Extended Release Diltiazem Microspheres for Once- and Twice-Daily Administration: The Effect of Coating on Drug Release Behavior (2019)

Microspheres prepared with DL:Eud RL ratios of 1:3 and 1:4 showed release profiles in accordance with the USP criteria for a DL extended release product for dosing every 12 and 24 h, respectively.
Frequency selectivity as a function of level and frequency measured with uniformly exciting notched noise (2000)

Thresholds for detecting sinusoidal signals were measured as a function of the spectral width of a notch in a noise masker. The notch was positioned both symmetrically and asymmetrically around the signal frequency. The noise was designed to create equal excitation per ERB within its passbands (uniformly exciting noise), after allowing for the transfer function of the headphone and the middle ear. For a signal frequency of 250 Hz, the level per ERB ranged from 35 to 80 dB in 15-dB steps. For signal frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz, the level per ERB ranged from 40 to 70 dB per ERB in 15-dB steps. Auditory filter shapes were derived from the data by modeling the auditory filter as the sum of a sharply tuned tip filter and a broader tail filter. The gain of the tip filter was assumed to be a function of level. The shape of the tip filter and the gain and shape of the tail filter were assumed to be level independent. The data for all levels were fitted simultaneously. The data were fitted best when the gain of the tip filter was assumed to be a function of the signal level (as opposed to the masker level per ERB). The filter shapes showed a level dependence that qualitatively resembled the level dependence of filtering on the basilar membrane. The maximum gain of the tip filter tended to increase with increasing center frequency up to 1 kHz, but to remain roughly constant for higher frequencies.
Power Gain Pattern Synthesis of Array Antenna With Dynamic Range Ratio Restriction (2019)

By directly solving the power-gain pattern synthesis (PGPS) instead of the shaped-beam pattern synthesis (SBPS), the gain of the antenna array can be improved. However, the dynamic range ratio (DRR) of the optimized results for both PGPS and SBPS are uncontrollable, which can heavily increase the cost of a real system. In this letter, the DRR control scheme for the PGPS problem is discussed. The maximum desired DRR is added, yielding a new nonconvex problem to be solved. This nonconvex DRR restriction is approximated as a linear convex restriction condition, which explicitly provides the lower and upper bounds of the array weight. Finally, with the aid of an existing PGPS-algorithm structure, the designed derivative PGPS problem can be solved effectively. The advantage and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are validated with simulation results.
Understanding Gold Growth on Magnetite Nanoparticles using Probe-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Multi-room speech activity detection using a distributed microphone network in domestic environments (2015)

Domestic environments are particularly challenging for distant speech recognition: reverberation, background noise and interfering sources, as well as the propagation of acoustic events across adjacent rooms, critically degrade the performance of standard speech processing algorithms. In this application scenario, a crucial task is the detection and localization of speech events generated by users within the various rooms. A specific challenge of multi-room environments is the inter-room interference that negatively affects speech activity detectors. In this paper, we present and compare different solutions for the multi-room speech activity detection task. The combination of a model-based room-independent speech activity detection module with a room-dependent inside/outside classification stage, based on specific features, provides satisfactory performance. The proposed methods are evaluated on a multi-room, multi-channel corpus, where spoken commands and other typical acoustic events occur in different rooms.
Study on Aircraft Wing Structure about Conceptual Design Method (2005)

In order to explore the conceptual design method about the new generation aircraft wing structure and to provide a based modern integrated design method with good operation for determining structural layout, authors utilized modular strategy and integrated thought with three means as technical way, which included CAD and CAE as well as structural topology optimization. Here we used UG as CAD platform, ANSYS as CAE platform. We presented a new algorithm through gradient threshold concept and a sort of constraint compensation technique. A practical aircraft wing was used as an example and optimal results were near the same as that of the practical one. The good results were partly due to utilization of 'functional component' and 'non-functional component' concepts. This phenomenon can be easily found from fig.9 and fig.11. By fig.9 and fig.15, we can reveal that this proposed model is reasonable. By fig.10 and fig.16, we can say that the new algorithm is effective and reliable. Through the research work above mentioned, we can draw a conclusion that this 'conceptual design method' has a kind of direction for aircraft wing structure designer.
Fast encoding parameter selection for convex hull video encoding (2020)

With the recent development of video codecs, compression efficiency is expected to improve by at least 30% over their predecessors. Such impressive improvements come with a significant, typically orders of magnitude, increase in computational complexity. At the same time, objective video quality metrics that correlate increasingly better with human perception, such as SSIM and VMAF, have been gaining popularity. In this work, we build on the per-shot encoding optimization framework that can produce the optimal encoding parameters for each shot in a video, albeit carrying itself another significant computational overhead. We demonstrate that, with this framework, a faster encoder can be used to predict encoding parameters that can be directly applied to a slower encoder. Experimental results show that we can approximate within 1% the optimal convex hull, with significant reduction in complexity. This can significantly reduce the energy spent on optimal video transcoding.
Dual-Branch Squeeze-Fusion-Excitation Module for Cross-Modality Registration of Cardiac SPECT and CT (2022)

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a widely applied imaging approach for diagnosis of coronary artery diseases. Attenuation maps (u-maps) derived from computed tomography (CT) are utilized for attenuation correction (AC) to improve diagnostic accuracy of cardiac SPECT. However, SPECT and CT are obtained sequentially in clinical practice, which potentially induces misregistration between the two scans. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are powerful tools for medical image registration. Previous CNN-based methods for cross-modality registration either directly concatenated two input modalities as an early feature fusion or extracted image features using two separate CNN modules for a late fusion. These methods do not fully extract or fuse the cross-modality information. Besides, deep-learning-based rigid registration of cardiac SPECT and CT-derived u-maps has not been investigated before. In this paper, we propose a Dual-Branch Squeeze-Fusion-Excitation (DuSFE) module for the registration of cardiac SPECT and CT-derived u-maps. DuSFE fuses the knowledge from multiple modalities to recalibrate both channel-wise and spatial features for each modality. DuSFE can be embedded at multiple convolutional layers to enable feature fusion at different spatial dimensions. Our studies using clinical data demonstrated that a network embedded with DuSFE generated substantial lower registration errors and therefore more accurate AC SPECT images than previous methods.
Nanoparticle size influences the proliferative responses of lymphocyte subpopulations (2015)

Ultra-small particles (&lt;2 nm) lead to high cellular uptake without DC maturation and therefore lymphocyte proliferation whereas 12 nm gold nanoparticles induce cell mediated responses and accompanied by inflammatory natural killer cell stimulation.
Single-wall carbon nanotube atomic force microscope probes (2002)

We examine the factors that govern the stability of imaging using single-wall C nanotubes as probes for atomic force microscopy. Nonvertical alignment of the nanotubes causes such probes to bend in response to the surface–nanotube interaction forces during imaging. For long nanotubes, this elastic response causes the nanotube tip to jump into contact with the surface and renders it unsuitable for imaging. For short nanotubes, stable noncontact-mode imaging can be achieved using a small cantilever vibration amplitude. However, the bending response is enhanced on highly textured surfaces, which limits the ability to image nonplanar features.