gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Apoptosis and Polyploidy in Human Lymphoblast Cells as a Function of Position in the Cell Cycle at the Time of Irradiation (1996)

The TK6 and WI-L2-NS human lymphoblast cell lines are derived from the same donor, but WI-L2-NS cells are more resistant to killing by ionizing radiation and also contain a mutation in the coding region of the p53 gene which delays the appearance of apoptosis. To determine whether the difference in radiosensitivity is a result of the slower rate of appearance of apoptosis (referred to as the rate of apoptosis) or to other factors related to the function of p53 such as the G1-phase checkpoint, we have examined the clonogenicity and rates of apoptosis in synchronous populations of these two cell lines as a function of time after exposure to x-rays. The greater radiosensitivity of G1-phase TK6 cells compared to G1-phase WI-L2-NS cells appeared adequate to explain the difference in radiosensitivity of asynchronous cultures. However, TK6 cells irradiated in G1 phase underwent apoptosis about three times more slowly than cells irradiated in other phases of the cycle, cautioning against equating more rapid apoptosis with greater radiosensitivity. The slower rate of apoptosis of G1-phase TK6 cells could not be explained by a radiation-induced block in G1 phase since there was only a short delay in exit of cells from G1 phase. Giant cells (primarily polyploid) were formed after irradiation of WI-L2-NS but not TK6 cells, and fewer giant cells were observed 3-4 days after irradiation in WI-L2-NS cells irradiated in S phase than cells irradiated in other phases. Giant cells were lost from the population through apoptosis which occurred in a synchronous fashion in the multiple nuclei. These results highlight interesting differences in the pattern of cell death between the two cell lines and suggest that the response of TK6 cells in G1 phase, which has the slowest rate of appearance of apoptosis in spite of the fact that it is the most radiosensitive phase for clonogenic survival, may be largely responsible for the reduced shoulder on the radiation survival curve for TK6 cells compared with WI-L2-NS cells.
Fluoroscopic Left Ventricular Lead Position and the Long‐Term Clinical Outcome of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2011)

The position of the LV lead over the LV free wall, assessed by fluoroscopy, has no influence over the long-term outcome of CRT.
Cross-coupling reactions of unprotected halopurine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleoside triphosphates with 4-boronophenylalanine in water. Synthesis of (purin-8-yl)- and (purin-6-yl)phenylalanines (2006)

An expeditious and highly efficient single-step methodology for the introduction of a phenylalanine moiety into position 8 and 6 of the purine scaffold was developed based on aqueous-phase Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of unprotected 4-boronophenylalanine with 8-bromo- or 6-chloropurines. The scope of the methodology was demonstrated by syntheses of unprotected (adenin-8-yl)phenylalanine base, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleoside triphosphates as well as (purin-6-yl)phenylalanine base and nucleosides. All these products were obtained in high yields and in optically pure form.
Studying flame dilution by burnt gases using numerical combustion (2006)

Recirculating burnt gases exist in most combustion systems, they play a non negligible role in gas turbines, car engines and furnaces. In gas turbine combustion chambers, burnt gases are useful at two subsequent levels. Hot recirculating combustion products contribute to flame stabilization downstream of the swirled injection and they are also useful to dilute the reaction zones to help homogenizing temperature. In car engines, EGR (Engine Gas Recirculation) is widely adopted and is seen as one of the promising approach to achieve a careful control of the ignition process in the quest for reliable HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engines. There, the detail of the chemical composition of the residual burnt gases is of importance to monitor auto-ignition. Burnt gases present in furnaces contribute to flame stability. When dilution by burnt gases reaches a sufficiently high level, the MILD (Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution) or the Flameless regimes are observed. In this last case, the high dilution by burnt gases leads to a strong decrease of temperature gradients, combustion then occurs in a regime that is accompanied by a drastic reduction of NOx emission. Accordingly, there exists almost no practical combustion systems where recirculating burnt gases are not intimately involved in the process. They therefore control part of the behavior of the turbulent reaction zones. The accurate control of recirculating hot products is now the main target of many design studies devoted to real combustion chambers. Nevertheless, so far, only few studies have discussed dilution by burnt gases in the context of turbulent combustion modeling. The objective of this paper is to start addressing some aspects of the numerical modeling of flame dilution by burnt gases. The impact of burnt products on the chemical structure of oxy-flames is first investigated. Prototype laminar premixed flames are simulated using detailed chemistry to seek out the major modifications observed when fresh reactants are mixed with burnt products, whose temperature may vary. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of flames propagating in a rotating flows are then reported. The results are used to analyze the structure of the leading edge flame that ensures flame stabilization. The impact of burnt gases on flame propagation is isolated and it is found that hot products strongly modify the vorticity field to enhance the flame displacement velocity.
Purification of a primase activity associated with DNA polymerase alpha from HeLa cells. (1984)

Highly purified preparations of eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha have been shown to contain primase activity (Kaguni, L.S., Rossignol, J-M., Conaway, R.C. Banks, G.R., and Lehman, I.R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9037-9039; Yagura, T., Kozu, T., and Seno, T. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11121-11127; Shioda, M., Nelson, E.M., Bayne, M.L., and Benbow, R.M. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 7209-7213). We have investigated the de novo synthesis of DNA by a primase-DNA polymerase alpha preparation isolated from human HeLa cells using the synthetic homopolymers poly(dT) and poly(dC) as templates. In the presence of poly(dT), synthesis of poly(dA) required ATP in addition to dATP while synthesis of poly(dG) in the presence of poly(dC) required GTP in addition to dGTP. The primase activity required a much lower GTP concentration (Km = 0.1 mM) than ATP (Km = 0.8 mM) for the synthesis of DNA. Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), 5'-guanylyl-beta, gamma-imidodiphosphate, and 5'-guanylyl methylenediphosphonate substituted for GTP but the corresponding ATP analogues did not substitute for ATP. Furthermore, ATP and ATP analogues inhibited the GTP-dependent reaction while GTP and GTP analogues inhibited the ATP-dependent reaction. DNase treatment of products labeled with [alpha-32P] GTP revealed that an RNA oligomer was covalently linked to newly synthesized DNA. Alkaline hydrolysis of these products yielded GMP and pppGp, indicating that the primer was initiated with GTP. Alkaline hydrolysis of [alpha-32P]dGTP-labeled products yielded 2'- and 3'-GMP showing that DNA chains are covalently linked to the 3' ends of RNA chains. The primase activity could not be separated from DNA polymerase alpha through a 200-fold enrichment involving phosphocellulose, DNA-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, DEAE-cellulose and glycerol gradient purification steps. However, primase activity was found to be less stable than DNA polymerase alpha activity under a variety of conditions.
A Prognostic Index to Identify Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Who Could Benefit From Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin (2014)

Biliary tract cancer is a heterogenous group. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been the standard chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer, but there is lack of evidence on treatment in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC). We analyzed 29 patients with only IHC who received gemcitabine plus cisplatin between June 2010 and February 2013. The median age was 63 years (range, 40-78 years), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of all patients was <2. The median progression-free survival and median overall survival (OS) were 4.3 and 7.3 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that platelet count (≤180 × 10 per liter), metastatic site of more than 2, and albumin level (≤3.5 g/dL) were independent prognostic factors for decreased OS. OS was estimated based on the number of adverse prognostic factors: zero or 1 (good prognostic group), 2 (intermediate group), or 3 (poor prognostic group). The median OS for good (n = 15), intermediate (n = 10), and poor (n = 4) prognostic group was 10.5, 6.1, and 1.6 months, respectively (P < 0.005). Relatively better prognosis of the good prognosis group comparing to other prognosis groups can be expected from the prognostic model established in this study by analyzing patients with IHC treated with gemcitabine.
Recent Changes in Headlamp Illumination Directed toward Traffic Signs (2007)

This study examined the differences in sign light between 1997 tungsten-halogen and 2004 high-intensity discharge (HID) low-beam headlamps manufactured for use on U.S. vehicles. The results indicate that the HIDs tended to deliver less light above the horizontal straight ahead and to the left of the vertical, and less light to the right of the vertical above about 1.5° up. The consequences of the changed beam pattern were analyzed in detail for three typical sign locations: center overhead, right shoulder, and left shoulder. The most frequent geometric conditions were modeled: a straight road, and very large-radius left and right curves, all with no vertical curvature. Viewing distances between 50 m and 300 m were considered.The results imply that with current HID low beams, sign retro-reflectivity would need to be increased to maintain the effectiveness that a given sign had a decade ago with tungsten-halogen low beams. This applies to overhead signs on straight roads and on very large-radius left and right curves, and to right and left shoulder-mounted signs on straight roads and on very large-radius left curves.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of novel alcohol ether carboxylate surfactants for alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding (2013)

Novel surfactants alcohol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates (APPEC) were successfully synthesised by carboxymethylation reaction of alcohol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether (APPE) to meet alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding needs. The structure of APPEC was characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The reaction conditions of APPEC including reaction ratio of raw materials, temperature and reaction time were optimised. Interfacial tension and ASP core flooding experiments were also carried out to evaluate the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) performance of the APPEC surfactants. The interfacial tension between Xinjiang crude oil and synthetic water could be decreased to ultra-low level in a short time with 0.4 wt% APPEC at 28.7°C. Two core flooding experiments proved that ASP flooding system could improve the oil recovery by 21.5% or 22.3%. Therefore, the APPEC surfactant formulas could improve oil displacement efficiency under Xinjiang reservoir condition.
Persistent neuromuscular and neurophysiologic abnormalities in long-term survivors of prolonged critical illness* (2003)

Severe weakness requiring prolonged rehabilitation and abnormal clinical neurologic findings are extremely common in survivors of protracted critical illness. Neurophysiologic evidence of chronic partial denervation of muscle consistent with previous critical illness polyneuropathy is almost invariable and can be found up to 5 yrs after intensive care unit discharge in >90% of these long-stay patients. Evidence of myopathy is unusual. These findings have important implications for the management and rehabilitation of intensive care survivors.
Society and Space in the Industrial City: Introduction (2002)

Over the last decade, historians, geographers, and other urban analysts have devoted an extraordinary amount of attention to the history of Montreal. This attention derives not just from the fact that Montreal celebrated its 350th birthday a decade ago (landmark anniversaries do encourage us to reflect on the past), nor is it solely because for most of those 350 years, Montreal was "the largest, wealthiest, and most progressive city of the fair Dominion."1 Interest in Montreal is in part a function of these circumstances, but it is related mainly to the fact that the city has managed to maintain a distinctive social, cultural, and physical fabric in an increasingly homogeneous world.
Leptin enhances wound re-epithelialization and constitutes a direct function of leptin in skin repair (2000)

Wound-healing disorders are a therapeutic problem of extensive clinical importance. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are characterized by a severely delayed wound healing that has been explained by the mild diabetic phenotype of these animals. Here we demonstrate that systemically and topically supplemented leptin improved re-epithelialization of wounds in ob/ob mice. Leptin completely reversed the atrophied morphology of the migrating epithelial tongue observed at the wound margins of leptin-deficient animals into a well-organized hyperproliferative epithelium. Moreover, topically supplemented leptin accelerated normal wound-healing conditions in wild-type mice. As assessed by immunohistochemistry, proliferating keratinocytes located at the wound margins specifically expressed the leptin-receptor subtype ObRb during repair. Additionally, leptin mediated a mitogenic stimulus to the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and human primary keratinocytes in vitro. Therefore, leptin might represent an effective novel therapeutic factor to improve impaired wound-healing conditions.
A Push–Pull Porphyrin Dimer with Multiple Electron-donating Groups for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: Excellent Light-harvesting in Near-infrared Region (2016)

A push–pull porphyrin dimer with multiple electron-donating groups has been synthesized as a sensitizer with an excellent light-harvesting ability in the near-infrared region for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The DSSC based on the sensitizer exhibited the photocurrent generation exceeding a wavelength of 900 nm, together with a power conversion efficiency of 6.21% under AM 1.5 condition.
Shaping using variable-size regions (1992)

Constellation shaping is extended to provide shaping gains without resorting to high-dimensional constellations. This is accomplished by dividing the constellation into unequally sized constellations, and selecting these constellations on an equiprobable basis. A design example is provided, demonstrating the simplicity and power of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antioxidant Effects of the Ethanol Extract from Flower of Camellia japonica via Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of the flower of Camellia japonica (Camellia extract). Camellia extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity in human HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, Camellia extract scavenged superoxide anion generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase and hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO4 + H2O2) in a cell-free system, which was detected by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Furthermore, Camellia extract increased the protein expressions and activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that Camellia extract exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging ROS and enhancing antioxidant enzymes. Camellia extract contained quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercitrin and kaempferol, which are antioxidant compounds.
Temporal Trends in New Registrations for the Ontario Cleft Lip and Palate/Craniofacial Dental Program Between 2007 and 2018 (2020)

Rates in new cleft and acquired oral defects registrations were stable from 2007 to 2018. Rates in newly registered cases of craniofacial anomalies and congenital oral defects increased over the 11-year period.
Polymer photonic microstructures for quantum applications and sensing (2016)

In this paper we present modeling results for efficient coupling of nanodiamonds containing single color centres to polymer structures on distributed Bragg reflectors. We explain how hemispherical and super-spherical structures confine light in small numerical apertures, emitted by such deterministically addressed color centres. Coupling efficiencies of up to 68% within a numerical aperture of 0.34 are found. Moreover, we show how Purcell factors up to 6.2 in structured waveguides are achieved.
Effect of Sialylated O-Glycans in Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Stability (2010)

O-glycosylation is not necessary for pro-BNP expression but important for its stability.
Crystal structures of murine norovirus-1 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2011)

Norovirus is one of the leading agents of gastroenteritis and is a major public health concern. In this study, the crystal structures of recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) and its complex with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) were determined at 2.5 Å resolution. Crystals with C2 symmetry revealed a dimer with half a dimer in the asymmetrical unit, and the protein exists predominantly as a monomer in solution, in equilibrium with a smaller population of dimers, trimers and hexamers. MNV-1 RdRp exhibited polymerization activity with a right-hand fold typical of polynucleotide polymerases. The metal ion modelled in close proximity to the active site was found to be coordinated tetrahedrally to the carboxyl groups of aspartate clusters. The orientation of 5FU observed in three molecules in the asymmetrical unit was found to be slightly different, but it was stabilized by a network of favourable interactions with the conserved active-site residues Arg185, Asp245, Asp346, Asp347 and Arg395. The information gained on the structural and functional features of MNV-1 RdRp will be helpful in understanding replication of norovirus and in designing novel therapeutic agents against this important pathogen.
Genome‐wide association study identifies candidate markers for bull fertility in Holstein dairy cattle (2012)

The decline in the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle has become a challenging problem worldwide. Female fertility is now taken into account in breeding goals while generally less attention is given to male fertility. The objective of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study in Holstein bulls to identify genetic variants significantly related to sire conception rate (SCR), a new phenotypic evaluation of bull fertility. The analysis included 1755 sires with SCR data and 38,650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the entire bovine genome. Associations between SNPs and SCR were analyzed using a mixed linear model that included a random polygenic effect and SNP genotype either as a linear covariate or as a categorical variable. A multiple testing correction approach was used to account for the correlation between SNPs because of linkage disequilibrium. After genome-wide correction, eight SNPs showed significant association with SCR. Some of these SNPs are located close to or in the middle of genes with functions related to male fertility, such as the sperm acrosome reaction, chromatin remodeling during the spermatogenesis, and the meiotic process during male germ cell maturation. Some SNPs showed marked dominance effects, which provide more evidence for the relevance of non-additive effects in traits closely related to fitness such as fertility. The results could contribute to the identification of genes and pathways associated with male fertility in dairy cattle.
Detoxification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under phenolics stress (2013)

Phenolic compounds, commonly found in woods hydrolysates and biorefinery side streams are products of lignin breakdown during wood pretreatment. They are formed alongside other products such as organic acids and furaldehydes. Phenolic compounds are widely varied and are known to be inhibitory to cell performance, thus making the efficient bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass to products such as bioethanol, a difficult task. As part of our aim at developing robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae for lignocellulosic fermentation, we have studied the interaction of S. cerevisiae cells with a selected subset of phenolic compounds. Three phenolic compounds; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, were selected as representative phenolic compounds and model substrates. These substances represent phenolic aldehydes and acids thus providing an opportunity to closely compare different phenolic compound groups on the same –cinnamic- structural background, at the same time they offer a chance to probe the influence of side groups such as the methoxy group on the phenolic compound toxicity. Our studies show that when S. cerevisiae is exposed to the selected phenolic compounds, the cells carry out a process of detoxification that involves several conversion steps in transforming the toxic phenolic compounds to other phenolic compounds with much higher toxicity limits that confirm them to be less toxic. The toxicity limit here has been defined as the concentration at which S. cerevisiae performance in the presence of phenolic compounds is decreased to about 20% in comparison to the control in Yeast minimal Mineral medium without phenolic compounds. Furthermore, products and observed patterns of the conversion indicate that S. cerevisiae likely employs a common conversion route for the different phenolic compounds.
Multi-resolution Exploration in Continuous Spaces (2008)

The essence of exploration is acting to try to decrease uncertainty. We propose a new methodology for representing uncertainty in continuous-state control problems. Our approach, multi-resolution exploration (MRE), uses a hierarchical mapping to identify regions of the state space that would benefit from additional samples. We demonstrate MRE’s broad utility by using it to speed up learning in a prototypical model-based and value-based reinforcement-learning method. Empirical results show that MRE improves upon state-of-the-art exploration approaches. 1
High Capacity Li Ion Battery Anodes Using Ge Nanowires (2007)

Ge nanowire electrodes fabricated by using vapor-liquid-solid growth on metallic current collector substrates were found to have good performance during cycling with Li. An initial discharge capacity of 1141 mA.h/g was found to be stable over 20 cycles at the C/20 rate. High power rates were also observed up to 2C with Coulombic efficiency > 99%. Structural characterization revealed that the Ge nanowires remain intact and connected to the current collector after cycling. Nanowires connected directly to the current collector have facile strain relaxation and material durability, short Li diffusion distances, and good electronic conduction. Thus, Ge nanowire anodes are promising candidates for the development of high-energy-density lithium batteries.