gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Evaluation of Calcium Ion Releasing Electrochemical Device Using a Ternary Complex (2016)

電極活性陽イオン界面活性剤とCa2＋が高分子陰イオンと静電的に結合した三元系錯体を調製し，この三元系錯体を含むカーボンペースト（CP）電極によりCa2＋放出電気化学デバイスを作製した．ポリビニル硫酸（PVS－）とその半当量の11-フェロセニルトリメチルウンデシルアンモニウム（FeTMUA＋）を含む混合溶液を調製し，その混合溶液に塩化カルシウムを加えて三元系錯体の沈殿を得た．FeTMUA＋に応答する脂溶性陽イオン選択性電極とCa2＋選択性電極を用いて，FeTMUA・PVS錯体とCa・PVS錯体の性質を調べた．FeTMUA・PVS錯体に比べてCa・PVS錯体の生成能は大きくないことが分かった．FeTMUA・Ca・PVSの三元系錯体を内包するCP電極は，FeTMUA＋が吸着したCP電極とは異なる高電位に酸化波が観測された．三元系錯体量を変えることで数種のCP電極を調製し，5分間の定電位電解後のCa2＋放出量を原子吸光分析によって算出した．CP電極での三元系錯体含有量が多い場合には無電解時でもCa2＋の放出があったが，少量であれば無電解時でのCa2＋の放出がなかった．CPを先端口径500 μmのポリプロピレンチップに充填し，Pt線を挿入することでCa2＋局所放出電気化学プローブを作製し，CCD型半導体Ca2＋イメージセンサーを使用してCa2＋の放出挙動を調査した．プローブ直下の近傍でのみCa2＋濃度が時間とともに上昇し，それ以外の領域では，Ca2＋濃度がまったく上昇しなかった．また，イメージセンサーの解析から，Ca2＋の放出が時間をおいて2段階で行われることが明らかになった．以上のことから，本電気化学的手法により局所だけにCa2＋が放出できることが示された．同時に，微量なCa2＋放出プローブの研究にCCD型半導体Ca2＋イメージセンサーが有用であることを示した．
Positive Selection of Cd4+ T Cells Is Induced in Vivo by Agonist and Inhibited by Antagonist Peptides (2001)

The nature of peptides that positively select T cells in the thymus remains poorly defined. Here we report an in vivo model to study the mechanisms of positive selection of CD4+ T cells. We have restored positive selection of TCR transgenic CD4+ thymocytes, arrested at the CD4+CD8+ stage, due to the lack of the endogenously selecting peptide(s), in mice deficient for H2-M and invariant chain. A single injection of soluble agonist peptide(s) initiated positive selection of CD4+ transgenic T cells that lasted for up to 14 days. Positively selected CD4+ T cells repopulated peripheral lymphoid organs and could respond to the antigenic peptide. Furthermore, coinjection of the antagonist peptide significantly inhibited agonist-driven positive selection. Hence, contrary to the prevailing view, positive selection of CD4+ thymocytes can be induced in vivo by agonist peptides and may be a result of accumulation of signals from TCR engaged by different peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. We have also identified a candidate natural agonist peptide that induces positive selection of CD4+ TCR transgenic thymocytes.
Recurrence of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing mitral valve repair: how to predict it (2007)

This study was aimed at identifying predictive variables for recurrence of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) undergoing mitral valve (MV) repair. From January 1997 to December 2005, 142 patients with DCM, 105 (73.9%) ischemic and 37 (26.1%) non-ischemic, underwent MV repair. Mean age was 66+/-10 years and mean MR grade was 3.2+/-0.7 (scale 1+ to 4+). Ninety-seven (71% ischemic, 29% non-ischemic), out of 98 still alive at follow-up, were included in this retrospective analysis. In all cases MV posterior annuloplasty was performed; all patients were followed-up by echocardiography (mean time interval of 44+/-28 months) to evaluate MR recurrence (>or=2+/4+). Thirty-day mortality was 9.2% (13 patients). Mean MR grade at follow-up was 0.9+/-0.9. Four-year freedom from MR recurrence was 65.5%+/-8.3. Cox analysis showed left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi, OR=1.03, P=0.016, AUC=0.72), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi, OR=1.03, P=0.033, AUC=0.71), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, OR=0.82, P=0.001, AUC=0.72), mitral valve coaptation depth (MVCD, OR=1.6, P=0.017, AUC=0.72) to be predictive variables for MR recurrence. Preoperative left ventricular dilatation and function along with degree of papillary muscle displacement can be helpful in identifying patients with higher probability to undergo a durable MV repair.
Interacting with microseismic visualizations (2013)

Microseismic visualization systems present complex 3D data of small seismic events within oil reservoirs to allow experts to explore and interact with that data. Yet existing systems suffer several problems: 3D spatial navigation and orientation is difficult, and selecting 3D data is challenging due to the problems of occlusion and lack of depth perception. Our work mitigates these problems by applying both proxemic interactions and a spatial input device to simplify how experts navigate through the visualization, and a painting metaphor to simplify how they select that information.
CA-AQM: Channel-Aware Active Queue Management for Wireless Networks (2007)

In a wireless network, data transmission suffers from varied signal strengths and channel bit error rates. To ensure successful packet reception under different channel conditions, automatic bit rate control schemes are implemented to adjust the transmission bit rates based on the perceived channel conditions. This leads to a wireless network with diverse bit rates. On the other hand, TCP is unaware of such rate diversity when it performs flow rate control in wireless networks. Experiments show that the throughput of flows in a wireless network are driven by the one with the lowest bit rate, (i.e., the one with the worst channel condition). This does not only lead to low channel utilization, but also fluctuated performance for all flows independent of their individual channel conditions. To address this problem, we conduct an optimization-based analytical study of such behavior of TCP. Based on this optimization framework, we present a joint flow control and active queue management solution. The presented channel-aware active queue management (CA-AQM) provides congestion signals for flow control not only based on the queue length but also the channel condition and the transmission bit rate. Theoretical analysis shows that our solution isolates the performance of individual flows with diverse bit rates. Further, it stabilizes the queue lengths and provides a time-fair channel allocation. Test- bed experiments validate our theoretical claims over a multi-rate wireless network testbed.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and Related Monocyclic Pyrrolo Structures. (2011)

Abstract Several pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazoles are obtained via a bicyclization reaction of mucobromic acid derivatives (III) with D‐penicillamine (IV).
Viejo consenso de Washington y nueva doctrina de seguridad de EEUU: perspectivas futuras (2004)

By using a factorial experimental design, the joint effects of two levels of sucrose reward, two levels of required force, and four levels of haloperidol dose (0. 0.04, 0.08, 0.16mg/kg) were examined for three measures of operant response: peak force, duration, and interresponse time. Even though a 24% sucrose reward led to more rapid acquisition of the operant than an 8% concentration during the drug-free response shaping period, neither the reward nor the required-force manipulations interacted with haloperidol dose during subsequent testing. Haloperidol had significant elevating effects on peak force and duration of response, while lengthening interresponse time. A within-session analysis revealed drug-related slowing of both response duration and interresponse time as the operant session progressed. Finally, dose effects on peak force and duration were apparent from the beginning of the session, but effects on interresponse time reached significance later in the session. Taken together the results downplay the importance of stimulus efficacy, anhedonia and required effort in accounting for haloperidol's behavior-decrementing effects. Instead, the results raise the possibility that the haloperidol-treated rats experienced difficulty in sensorimotor control of the operant response.
Experimental characterization of the vibro-acoustic behaviour of a washing machine (2007)

In this paper the vibro-acoustic behaviour of a washing machine is deeply investigated, focusing on the mechanical noise sources. At first, a complete modal analysis of the cabinet is performed to define the vibration modes; then all the mechanical components (springs, dampers) are studied in order to understand the origin of the forces giving birth to the cabinet vibrations and to the corresponding emitted noise. To better understand the dynamic behaviour of the washer, the movements of the whole oscillating group were measured during different kinds of washing cycles, pointing out the critical phases. A large database containing all this information has been collected, and this will be the starting point for the development of a numerical model of the machine aimed at testing new solutions to reduce the emitted noise.
Resonant optical absorption by discontinuous transparent overlayers on gold surfaces (1990)

Discontinuous MgF2 film deposited on Au surfaces shows enhanced optical absorption. This absorption may result from the coupling of light with the dielectric particles, making possible the excitation of surface plasmons. A simple ellipsoidal particle mode is used to account for the observed absorption.
Apparatus and method for transient thermal infrared spectrometry of flowable enclosed materials (1993)

A method and apparatus for enabling analysis of a flowable material enclosed in a transport system having an infrared transparent wall portion. A temperature differential is transiently generated between a thin surface layer portion of the material and a lower or deeper portion of the material sufficient to alter the thermal infrared emission spectrum of the material from the black-body thermal infrared emission spectrum of the material, and the altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is detected through the infrared transparent portion of the transport system while the altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is sufficiently free of self-absorption by the material of emitted infrared radiation. The detection is effected prior to the temperature differential propagating into the lower or deeper portion of the material to an extent such that the altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is no longer sufficiently free of self-absorption by the material of emitted infrared radiation. By such detection, the detected altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is indicative of characteristics relating to molecular composition of the material.
Abstract 16644: An Obligatory Role for Dynamin-Related Protein 1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission in Oxygen-Sensing and Anatomical Closure of the Human Ductus Arteriosus (2012)

Introduction: Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is essential for the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation. Oxygen initiates DA constriction by increasing mitochondrial-derived H 2 O 2 in ductal smooth muscle cells (DASMC). H 2 O 2 acts as a redox second messenger which increases intracellular calcium triggering vasoconstriction. The mechanism by which oxygen alters mitochondrial redox signaling is unknown, however we observed that oxygen rapidly fragments the mitochondrial network. We hypothesized that mitochondrial fission, mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is required for O 2 -induced vasoconstriction and DA closure. Methods: We assessed the effects of inhibiting Drp1 on DA constriction and closure using DA rings from term rabbits (n=48) and human infants (n=30). Drp1 was inhibited by using Mdivi-1, a specific, inhibitor of Drp1 assembly and Drp1 siRNA. DASMC metabolism was measured using a Seahorse analyzer. Mitochondrial fission was quantified using 2-photon confocal microscopy in cells transfected with mitochondrial-targeted photoactivated GFP. Results: Increasing PO 2 from 40 to 140 mmHg fragments the DASMC mitochondrial network within 10-15 minutes by activating Drp1. Mdivi-1 selectively eliminates O 2 -constriction in rabbit DA ([[Unable to Display Character: △]]Tension O 2 : 1548 ± 100 to 275 ± 63 mg, n=8) and human DA (700 ± 102 to 337 ± 92 mg, N=6). Fission increases H 2 O 2 production by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase, and increasing oxidative metabolism. Both are inhibitable by Mdivi-1. Inhibition of Drp1 (or elimination of mitochondrial H 2 O 2 , by mitochondrial-targeted catalase) selectively eliminates O 2 -induced increases in cytosolic calcium. O 2 activates Drp1 by a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616. Inhibition of Drp1 decreases O 2 -induced proliferation of DASMC. In a tissue culture model, O 2 -induced DA closure occurs after 3 days in rabbits and 6-14 days in humans. Mdivi-1 preserves the DA lumen versus control (luminal area 4.10 ± 1.29 mm 2 vs 0.04 ± 0.03 mm 2 , human) and prevents anatomical closure. Conclusion: Mitochondrial fission is an obligatory, early step in mammalian O 2 -sensing that is required for DA constriction and closure. Drp1 is a promising target for modulating DA patency.
Aging Lowers Steady-State Antioxidant Enzyme and Stress Protein Expression in Primary Hepatocytes (2001)

It has been reported that the isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes can compromise cellular ability to constituitively express antioxidant enzyme (AE) genes, making it difficult to study their regulation ex vivo. In the present study, the steady-state expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was assessed in primary hepatocytes isolated from young and senescent rats and cultured in MATRIGEL: There was no change in steady-state superoxide dismutase protein or activity levels in cells collected from young animals and cultured for 7 days. Catalase expression was initially increased, and then it declined 30%. In contrast, superoxide dismutase expression declined 60% and catalase expression declined 50% in cells from senescent animals. Constitutive and inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein expression increased coincident with declining AE levels in the young cells but not senescent cells. For both age groups, electron micrographs showed rounded hepatocytes with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Hepatocytes were organized into clusters of 6-12 cells surrounding a large central lumen devoid of microvilli. Each cluster also contained smaller microvilli-lined lumens between adjacent hepatocytes that resembled canniculi. The plasma membranes of these lumens were sealed from the extracellular space by junctional complexes. Gap junctions in the plasma membrane suggest that hepatocytes were capable of intercellular communication. We conclude that the Matrigel system can be used to study AE regulation in primary hepatocytes from young and senescent animals, provided that experiments can be conducted within a time frame of 5-7 days in culture. These data also support the hypothesis that aging compromises hepatocellular ability to maintain AE status and upregulate stress protein expression.
The Spatial Distribution of Zinc and Cobalt in Single Human Head Hairs (1977)

Abstract In a previous publication [1], which contained a full bibliography, data were presented on the concentration patterns of copper in individual human head hairs. Concentration fluctuations were observed between adjacent 2-mm long segments of the hair shaft, while for many subjects there was a general increase of concentration from the root to the distal end of the hair plus local regions of increased and decreased concentration.
The European Company (1970)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A CNOT gate in a glass chip (2015)

In our earlier work we posited that simple quantum gates and quantum algorithms can be designed utilizing the diffraction phenomena of a photon within a multiplexed holographic element. The quantum eigenstates we use are the photons transverse linear momentum (LM) as measured by the number of waves of tilt across the aperture. Two properties of linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) within the circuit model make this approach attractive. First, any conditional measurement can be commuted in time with any unitary quantum gate; and second, photon entanglement can be encoded as a superposition state of a single photon in a higher-dimensional state space afforded by LM. We describe here our experimental results for construction a controlled NOT (CNOT) gate logic within a holographic medium, and present the quantum state tomography for this device. Our theoretical and numerical results indicate that OptiGrates photo-thermal refractive (PTR) glass is an enabling technology. This work has been grounded on coupled-mode theory and numerical simulations, all with parameters consistent with PTR glass. We discuss the strengths (high efficiencies, robustness to environment) and limitations (scalability, crosstalk) of this technology. While not scalable, the utility and robustness of such optical elements for broader quantum information processing applications can be substantial.
A Lectin with Mycelia Differentiation and Antiphytovirus Activities from the Edible Mushroom Agrocybe aegerita (2003)

A lectin named AAL has been purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. AAL consisted of two identical subunits of 15.8 kDa, its pI was about 3.8 determined by isoelectric focusing, and no carbohydrate was discerned. Being treated by pyrogultamate aminopeptidase, the blocked N-terminus of AAL was sequenced as QGVNIYNI. AAL agglutinated human and animal erythrocytes regardless of blood type or animal species. Its hemagglutinating activity was unaffected by acid or alkali treatment and demetalization or addition of divalent metals Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and Zn(2+). AAL was toxic to mice: its LD50 was 15.85 mg per kilogram body weight by intraperitoneal injection. In this study, two novel activities of AAL were proved. It showed inhibition activity to infection of tobacco mosaic virus on Nicotiana glutinosa. The result of IEF suggested that AAL attached to TMV particles. Mycelia differentiation promotion was the other interesting activity. AAL promoted the differentiation of fruit body primordia from the mycelia of Agrocybe aegerita and Auricularia polytricha. AAL antiserum was prepared and immunologically cross-reactived with several proteins from five other kinds of mushrooms. These results suggested that AAL probably was a representative of a large protein family, which plays important physiological roles in mushroom.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Electrophilic Cyclization of Functional Derivatives of Unsaturated Compounds. Part 3. Reaction of N,4‐Diarylbut‐3‐enamides with Arenesulfenyl Chlorides. Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐4‐arylsulfanyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepin‐2‐ones. (2013)

Abstract The reaction of N,4‐diarylbut‐3‐enamides (I), (IV), and (VI) with arenesulfenyl chlorides (II) is studied and the different underlaying mechanisms are discussed.
Antioxidant Activity of Propofol and Related Monomeric and Dimeric Compounds (2005)

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) and its related compounds, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, and their dimeric compounds. The degree of antioxidant activity was evaluated based on the degree of peroxidation induced with Fe-ascorbic acid in egg phosphatidylcholine through the determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) formed during peroxidation. Their antioxidant activities were in the order of dipropofol>di(2,6-di-t-butylphenol)>diBHA>di(2,6-dimethylphenol). Dipropofol, a dimeric compound of propofol, showed the highest antioxidant activities. Dimeric compounds had higher activities than monomeric compounds, and the 1,1-diphenyl-p-picryhydrazyl-trapping ability of dimeric compounds was also greater than those of monomeric compounds (4–10-fold). These results suggest that dimeric phenols may increase their antioxidant activities along with increments in the conjugation system and play a inhibitory role in the propagation of free radical chain reactions.
Stakeholder-Driven Design Evolution of the Leveraged Freedom Chair Developing World Wheelchair (2012)

The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a low-cost, all-terrain, variable mechanical advantage, lever-propelled wheelchair designed for use in developing countries. The user effectively changes gear by shifting his hands along the levers; grasping near the ends increases torque delivered to the drive-train, while grasping near the pivots enables a larger angular displacement with every stroke, which increases angular velocity in the drivetrain and makes the chair go faster. This paper chronicles the design evolution of the LFC through three user trials in East Africa, Guatemala, and India. Feedback from test subjects was used to refine the chair between trials, resulting in a device 9.1 kg (20 lbs) lighter, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) narrower, and with a center of gravity 12.7 cm (5 in) lower than the first iteration. Survey data substantiated increases in performance after successive iterations. Quantitative biomechanical performance data were also measured during the Guatemala and India trials, which showed the LFC to be 76 percent faster and 41 percent more efficient during a common daily commute and able to produce 51 percent higher peak propulsion force compared to conventional, pushrim-propelled wheelchairs.
Multimedia communications over wireless LANs via the SWL protocol (2002)

The transmission of multimedia data over networks has increased steadily over the past few years and this increase is projected to accelerate in the future. However, virtually all current products and research for multimedia traffic over networks have concentrated solely on transmission of multimedia applications to and from wired terminals. Excluding mobile terminals from multimedia applications such as voice clearly limits the flexibility and potential of those applications. Additionally, the bandwidth allocated for wireless LANs in the IEEE 802.11 standard is limited and overall throughput is limited, and these limitations will become a bottleneck for expanding wireless network capabilities. We exploit another resource, i.e., space, and design a new smart wireless LAN (SWL) protocol to achieve throughput multiplication and flexibility for mixed traffic networks. Experimental studies and computer simulations will show the feasibility and performance benefits for using SWL with wireless LANs, particularly for multimedia applications.
Study on similarity of simple questions based on the catering field (2009)

The similarity between sentences is a theoretical basis and key technology to the question answering system. The method presented in this paper is as follows. Firstly, the dependency question sets are obtained and the key words are extracted from the major components of the question sentences and the target question form the related libraries, and then the candidate question sets are obtained through comparing their field words and key words. Secondly, take the HowNet as the semantic knowledge resource to compute the semantic similarity; and lastly the sentences with the largest similarity are returned. This accuracy of the method to calculate the similarity between the simple sentences is up to 85% in catering field. The experimental results show that the approach presented in this paper achieves good results in specific areas.
Anisotropic (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.