gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catecholamines, Blood Pressure, Renin and Myocardial Function in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (1976)

1. Neither nerve-growth-factor antiserum (NGFAS) administered subcutaneously nor 6-hydroxydopamine administered intraventricularly to immature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) inhibited the development of the hypertensive syndrome. In contrast, NGFSA did not affect blood pressure in normotensive Kyoto/Wistar rats. 2. Peripheral vascular resistance was increased and cardiac index decreased in both NGFAS and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SHR despite preservation of normal blood pressure. 3 NGFAS treatment did not influence the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in SHR, despite the lowering of blood pressure. In contrast, 6-hydroxydopamine caused an attenuation in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. 4. Indices of left ventricular contractility were depressed by NGFAS treatment but not by 6-hydroxydopamine. 5. Plasma renin activity was unaffected by NGFAS treatment and increased by 6-hydroxydopamine.
Ammonia Scavenging Prevents Progression of Fibrosis in Experimental Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2019)

The results of this study suggest that hepatic steatosis results in hyperammonemia, which is associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis. Reduction of ammonia levels prevented progression of fibrosis, providing a potential treatment for NAFLD.
Flash Graphene from Plastic Waste (2020)

In this work, an approach to upcycling plastic waste (PW) products is presented. The method relies on flash Joule heating (FJH) to convert PW into flash graphene (FG). In addition to FG, the process results in the formation of carbon oligomers, hydrogen, and light hydrocarbons. In order to make high-quality graphene, a sequential alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) flash is used. The FJH process requires no catalyst and works for PW mixtures, which makes the process suitable for handling landfill PW. The energy required to convert PW to FG is ∼23 kJ/g or ∼$125 in electricity per ton of PW, potentially making this process economically attractive for scale-up. The FG was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and had an <i>I</i><sub>2D</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>G</sub> peak ratio up to 6 with a low-intensity D band. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis show that the FG is turbostratic with an interlayer spacing of 3.45 Å. The large interlayer spacing will facilitate its dispersion in liquids and composites. Analysis of FG dispersions in 1% Pluronic aqueous solution shows that concentrations up to 1.2 mg/mL can be achieved. The carbon oligomers that distilled from the process were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and have chemical structures similar to the starting PW. Initial analysis of gas-phase products shows the formation of considerable amounts of hydrogen along with other light hydrocarbons. As graphene is naturally occurring and shows a low toxicity profile, this could be an environmentally beneficial method to upcycle PW.
A survey on smart grid communication system (2015)

miles h.f. wen 1 , ka-cheong leung 1 , victor o.k. li 1 , xingze he 2 and
Low-cost multimode WDM for local area networks up to 10 Gb/s (1998)

Current local area network (LAN) bandwidth demands of >1 Gb/s are pushing the limit of the bandwidth-distance product of multimode fiber, the predominant fiber in LAN backbones. In order to overcome these limitations, a low-cost and compact wavelength division multiplexing scheme is demonstrated. Aggregate bit rates of 5 and 10 Gb/s are achieved through 300 and 100 m of 62.5/125-μm multimode fiber, respectively. Four vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are used at wavelengths of 820, 835, 850, and 865 nm with each operating at a bit rate of 1.25 or 2.5 Gb/s. This technology provides a practical solution for reaching bit rates up to 10 Gb/s in the LAN.
The level-1 calorimeter trigger for the CMS detector (1994)

The authors present results from simulation studies and implementation ideas for the level-1 calorimeter trigger for the CMS detector at the LHC collider. QCD background trigger rates and signal efficiencies for electron and photon triggers using several simple level-1 algorithms are discussed. Jet trigger rates and efficiencies are studied for various calorimeter tower sums. Some of the technical challenges in implementing these simple trigger algorithms in a high rate environment are also explored. Design of a high speed adder ASIC is briefly discussed.
Carcinoma of the vulva (1992)

Vulvar squamous carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm that afflicts a spectrum of women and has been associated with granulomatous vulvar diseases, human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and chronic inflammatory disorders of the vulva. This review summarizes the epidemiologic, histopathologic, and viral data supporting the division of invasive vulvar carcinomas into distinct subsets. Although HPVs have received attention as etiologic agents, histopathologic and viral data indicate that a substantial proportion of vulvar carcinomas in this country may not be related to a veneareally transmitted agent. One of the principal challenges is to produce studies integrating the various disciplines in order to place HPV in proper perspective and develop strategies to identify women at risk for vulvar carcinomas that are not associated with this virus.
Strangers in the archaeal world: osmostress‐responsive biosynthesis of ectoine and hydroxyectoine by the marine thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus (2015)

Ectoine and hydroxyectoine are compatible solutes widely synthesized by members of the Bacteria to cope with high osmolarity surroundings. Inspection of 557 archaeal genomes revealed that only 12 strains affiliated with the Nitrosopumilus, Methanothrix or Methanobacterium genera harbour ectoine/hydroxyectoine gene clusters. Phylogenetic considerations suggest that these Archaea have acquired these genes through horizontal gene transfer events. Using the Thaumarchaeon 'Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus' as an example, we demonstrate that the transcription of its ectABCD genes is osmotically induced and functional since it leads to the production of both ectoine and hydroxyectoine. The ectoine synthase and the ectoine hydroxylase were biochemically characterized, and their properties resemble those of their counterparts from Bacteria. Transcriptional analysis of osmotically stressed 'Ca. N. maritimus' cells demonstrated that they possess an ectoine/hydroxyectoine gene cluster (hyp-ectABCD-mscS) different from those recognized previously since it contains a gene for an MscS-type mechanosensitive channel. Complementation experiments with an Escherichia coli mutant lacking all known mechanosensitive channel proteins demonstrated that the (Nm)MscS protein is functional. Hence, 'Ca. N. maritimus' cells cope with high salinity not only through enhanced synthesis of osmostress-protective ectoines but they already prepare themselves simultaneously for an eventually occurring osmotic down-shock by enhancing the production of a safety-valve (NmMscS).
Spike Sorting Tool for Analysis of Cardiac Extracellular Signals Recorded by Thin-Film-Transistor Sensor Arrays (2020)

The dynamical property of the heart bioelectrical system is closely associated with cardiac diseases. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the development of system analysis for studying the cardiac signaling network. In this article, extracellular potentials of cardiac muscle cells were measured on an array of microelectrodes using Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) technology, and electrophysiological data was analyzed using a spike sorting technique. This study shows the possibility of extracting useful bioelectrical information from the extracellular signals recorded by TFT arrays.
Tri-Substituted Triazole-Enabled C–H Activation of Benzyl and Aryl Amines by Iron Catalysis (2017)

The design of trisubstituted triazoles set the stage for proximity-induced iron-catalyzed C-H activation of benzyl and aryl amines with ample scope. Thereby, C-H alkylations and C-H arylations proved viable with high levels of chemo and positional selectivities by means of racemization-free iron catalysis with the reusable triazole being removed in a traceless fashion.
Gas Embolism (2000)

Gas embolism, the entry of gas into vascular structures, is a largely iatrogenic clinical problem that can result in serious morbidity and even death.1 Since gas embolism can result from procedures performed in almost all clinical specialties (Table 1), it is important for all clinicians to be aware of this problem. In most cases, gas embolism is air embolism, although the medical use of other gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen, can also result in the condition. There are two broad categories of gas embolism, venous and arterial, which are distinguished by the mechanism of gas entry . . .
NRG: global and detailed placement (1997)

We present a new approach to the placement problem. The proposed approach consists of analyzing the input circuit and deciding on a two-dimensional global grid for that particular input. After determination of the grid size, the placement is carried out in three steps: global placement, detailed placement and final optimization. We will show that the output of the global placement can also serve as a fast and accurate predictor. Current implementation is based on simulated annealing. We have put all algorithms together in a placement package called NRG (pronounced N-er-G). In addition to area minimization, NRG can perform timing-driven placement. Experimental results are strong. We improve TimberWolf's results (version 1.2, the commercial version which is suppose to be better than all university versions including version 7) by about 5%. Our predictor can estimate the wirelength within 10-20% accuracy offering 2-20x speedup compared with the actual placement algorithm.
Adjuvant Activity Enhanced by Cross-Linked CpG-Oligonucleotides in β-Glucan Nanogel and Its Antitumor Effect (2016)

Cancer vaccine has the ability to directly eradicate tumor cells by creating and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). To achieve efficient CTL activity and to induce Th1 responses, it is essential to administer an appropriate adjuvant as well as an antigen. CpG-ODN is known as a ligand of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and strongly induces Th1 responses. In our previous study, we developed a CpG-ODN delivery system by use of the formation of complexes between ODN and a β-glucan SPG, denoted as CpG/SPG, and demonstrated that CpG/SPG induces high Th1 responses. In this study, we created a nanogel made from CpG/SPG complexes through DNA-DNA hybridization (cross-linked (CL)-CpG). Immunization with CL-CpG induced much stronger antigen-specific Th1 responses in combination with the antigenic protein ovalbumin (OVA) than that with CpG/SPG. Mice preimmunized with CL-CpG and OVA exhibited a long delay in tumor growth and an improved survival rate after tumor inoculation. These immune inductions can be attributed to the improvement of cellular uptake by the combination of increased size and the cluster effect of the β-glucan recognition site in the nanogel structure. In other words, the particle nature of CL-CpG, instead of the semiflexible rod conformation of CpG/SPG, enhanced the efficacy of a cancer vaccine. The present results indicate that CL-CpG can be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant for the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases.
Grid-based intrusion detection system (2004)

Computational grid scientists had spent tireless amount of effort to come up with a secure environment for sharing resources. However, advance intruders still compromising machines on the grid, which justify the research in intrusion detection system for grid environment. This paper describes the detail concept of having a grid-based intrusion detection system (GIDS) for the grid environment. We give few scenarios on how GIDS can take place on the grid environment. We also discuss some issues of the GIDS on grid environment with suggested solutions. A proposed solution is discussed from conceptual framework toward technical architecture.
Bone modification with carbon nanoparticles formed by evaporation of graphite under glass: Yb, Er laser radiation (2012)

In this work carbon nanostructures preparation opportunity under impact of Glass: Yb, Er laser beam with wavelength 1.54 μm on graphite surface, and its size dependence on laser radiation parameters were investigated. Bone modification with obtained particles was carried out. Microhardness of intact and modified bone was estimated.
Combination Studies On Hyperthermia Induced By The Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser As An Adjuvant To Photodynamic Therapy (1988)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia have been investigated as treatments for several types of tumors. Studies have been done to determine the efficacy of each modality individually and recently in combination with each other. In this study 630 nm light was delivered by an argon-dye laser and hyperthermia was induced using a Nd:YAG laser. Both lasers offer the ability of delivering the beams through a quartz fiberoptic alone or simultaneously. This present study examines (a) the efficacy of the simultaneous administration of PDT and selective hyperthermia at 44.5°C in tumor control; (b) the effect of hyperthermia and PDT + hyperthermia on tumor and normal tissue microcirculation; and (c) the toxicity in normal tissue of PDT, hyperthermia and the simultaneous administration of the two modalities. Hyperthermia alone (44.5°C, 30 min) resulted in complete destruction of tumors with no subsequent regrowth in 12% of the mice treated. PDT alone (5 mg/kg DHE; 135 J/cm2) resulted in a cure rate of approximately 30%, and the simultaneous treatment of the modalities resulted in a 65% cure rate after 6 weeks. These values are indicative of a synergistic interaction. This study also examined the toxic effects of hyperthermia and the combination therapy to normal tissues in mice. Direct organ exposures produced much greater tissue damage than whole abdomen exposures, as expected, although there was no resulting lethality. Necrosis to a small degree occurred in the spleen and pancreas with hyperthermia alone, while extensive necrosis occurred in all of the organs with the combination. The extent of damage caused, however, was no greater than that caused by PDT alone in most tissues examined. Fluorescein angiography shows a lack of response in the surrounding normal tissue microcirculation for hyperthermia only. The combination treatments, however, shut down the microcirculation within the treatment field.
Fine-grained temporal coding of visually-similar categories in the ventral visual pathway and prefrontal cortex (2013)

Humans are remarkably proficient at categorizing visually-similar objects. To better understand the cortical basis of this categorization process, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record neural activity while participants learned--with feedback--to discriminate two highly-similar, novel visual categories. We hypothesized that although prefrontal regions would mediate early category learning, this role would diminish with increasing category familiarity and that regions within the ventral visual pathway would come to play a more prominent role in encoding category-relevant information as learning progressed. Early in learning we observed some degree of categorical discriminability and predictability in both the prefrontal cortex and the ventral visual pathway. Predictability improved significantly above chance in the ventral visual pathway over the course of learning with the left inferiortemporal and fusiform gyri showing the greatest improvement in predictability between 150-250msec (M200) during category learning. In contrast, there was no comparable increase in discriminability in prefrontal cortex with the only significant post-learning effect being a decrease in predictability in inferior frontal gyrus between 250-350msec (M300). Thus, the ventral visual pathway appears to encode learned visual categories over the long term. At the same time these results add to our understanding of the cortical origins of previously-reported signature temporal components associated with perceptual learning.
HIGH FIDELITY MODELLING OF TAPERED LAMINATES WITH INTERNAL PLY TERMINATIONS (2011)

This paper describes the development and validation of finite&#13;\nelement modelling tools for the analysis of delamination&#13;\nin tapered laminated composites under quasi-static and&#13;\nfatigue loading. Novel meshing tools are used to generate&#13;\nhigh-fidelity ply-level models with custom cohesive elements&#13;\nbetween every ply.
Commissioning and operation of the deuteron injector for PKUNIFTY project (2013)

PKUNIFTY (PeKing University Neutron Imaging FaciliTY), a thermal neutron imaging facility based on a 2 MeV RFQ accelerator, has been constructed at Peking University. Its deuteron injector, which consists of a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (PMECR) deuteron ion source and a two-solenoid low energy beam transport (LEBT), aims at producing and delivering 50 mA, 50 keV deuteron beam with a duty factor of 10% (1 ms, 100 Hz). In the preliminary tests of RFQ accelerator, the ECR ion source and LEBT are required to operate at various duty factors (from 1% to 10%). The deuteron ion source has been tested with different pulse widths for this reason. In order to optimize the transmission parameters, the beam current at the exit of RFQ as a function of solenoids tuning and steering magnets tuning are carefully studied. The beam emittance at the entrance of RFQ has been measured with space charge compensation by different argon gas (RG) pressure from 1.6 × 10(-4) Pa to 4.7 × 10(-3) Pa. The measuring results show the best compensating pressure is 3.5 × 10(-3) Pa with a minimal normalized rms emittance of 0.12 pi mm mrad. During the commissioning, we found the purity of deuteron gas is an important factor which severely affects ECR discharge and plasma intensity inside the ion source chamber. The detailed experimental results obtained during the commissioning are discussed in this paper.
Innate immune system activation in osteoarthritis: is osteoarthritis a chronic wound? (2008)

Activation of TLR pathways seems likely in osteoarthritis and may play a central role in disease development and progression. A model of osteoarthritis as a chronic wound, in which the innate immune response is triggered by molecular signals of tissue damage, is presented as a framework for future study of inflammation in this prevalent joint disease.
Cellular immune response to human renal‐cell carcinomas: Definition of a common antigen recognized by HLA‐A2‐restricted cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte (CTL) clones (1994)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones directed against autologous renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines were generated by mixed lymphocyte/tumor-cell culture (MLTC) using peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). A CD8+, CD4- CTL clone MZ1257-CTL 5/30 with high cytolytic activity for the autologous tumor cell line MZ1257-RCC was established. No lysis of the autologous EBV-transformed B lymphocytes (EBV-B) or K562 cells was observed. A panel of HLA-A2-matched allogeneic RCC lines was recognized by CTL 5/30. Further specificity analysis showed a cross-reactivity with HLA-A2-matched allogeneic tumor cells of various origins, especially melanoma. CTL 5/30 was also cross-reactive with several HLA-A2-positive allogeneic normal kidney cells in culture. The restriction element identified for CTL 5/30 was HLA-A2, as shown by blocking of cytotoxicity using an anti-HLA-A2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and by resistance of an HLA-A2-negative melanoma variant SK29-MEL. 1.22 against lysis by CTL 5/30. In this report we demonstrate HLA-A2-restricted recognition of a T-cell-defined antigen on autologous renal-cancer cells. This antigen is also expressed and recognized in association with HLA-A2 on normal kidney cells in culture and other HLA-A2-positive tumor cells. It may therefore be a normal differentiation antigen to which tolerance is incomplete in the renal-cell cancer system investigated.
Does Aging Affect the Response of Vitamin E Status to Vitamin E Depletion and Supplementation? (2004)

A vitamin E depletion/supplementation study was conducted in 100 healthy 20-75-year-old volunteers. The responses of vitamin E status to 3-week dietary vitamin E restriction to approximately 25% of recommended intake and 2-month unrestricted dietary intake plus 800 IU/d of RRR-alpha-tocopherol were studied as a function of age. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were closely related to cholesterol concentrations, which increased with age (P < 0.001). Upon dietary restriction, plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.001) but independently of age. Plasma alpha-tocopherol responses to supplementation increased significantly with age, but this effect disappeared after standardization for cholesterol. gamma-Tocopherol concentrations decreased to less than 30% of baseline.
Design and synthesis of a tripartate paclitaxel prodrug for melanoma therapy. (2008)

Therapy of melanoma continues to be a challenge since, regardless of the treatment used, long-term survival is quite uncommon. In an attempt to improve the effectiveness and decrease the toxicity of anticancer chemotherapy, one useful approach might be to administer a prodrug that specifically releases the active cytotoxic drug at the tumor site. In this work, we describe the synthesis of a peptide conjugate of paclitaxel potentially useful in the treatment of human melanoma, and characterized by the simultaneous presence of three functional domains: a “targeting domain”, an “activation sequence”, and the antitumor drug paclitaxel. The “targeting domain” of the prodrug is represented by an RGD-containing cyclic peptide, able to bind selectively to alpha-V beta-3 integrin, which is known to be highly over-expressed by both metastatic human melanoma cells, and endothelial cells of tumor vessels. The “activation sequence”, responsible for the selective release of the drug, is a short peptide which is cleaved specifically by cathepsin B, a protease highly up-regulated in malignant tumors. The results of NMR conformational studies, as well as those of biological experiments aimed at evaluating the plasma stability of the prodrug and its ability to inhibit alpha-V beta-3–mediated tumor cell adhesion to vitronectin, are presented.
Consequences of Restricted Defect Diffusion on NMR and Dielectric Relaxation (1976)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic and dielectric relaxation formulas are given for a model of limited diffusion of defects. The limitation is introduced by the assumption of fixed reflecting barriers on both sides of the defect. The diffusion process is assumed to be one-dimensional and continuous. The effect of the finite length of the defects is included in the presented treatment.
Designing Time Slotted Channel Hopping and Information - Centric Networking for IoT (2016)

Recent proposals to simplify the operation of the IoT include the use of Information Centric Networking (ICN) paradigms. In this paper, our core contributions (a) leverage ICN communication patterns to dynamically optimize the use of TSCH (Time Slotted Channel Hopping), a wireless link layer technology increasingly popular in the IoT, and (b) make IoT-style routing adaptive to names, resources, and traffic patterns throughout the network--both without cross-layering.