gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Reconstruction of Building Objects From Multiaspect Meter-Resolution SAR Images (2007)

Reconstruction of 3-D objects from multiaspect high- resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is of great importance for SAR technology applications. In this paper, simple building objects are modeled as cuboids, and an approach for automatic reconstruction of 3-D building objects from multiaspect SAR images in meter resolution is developed. The edge detector of constant false alarm rate and a Hough transform technique for parallel line segment pairs are first employed to extract the parallelogram-like image of the building walls in SAR images. A set of probability density functions is presented to describe the object images and their multiaspect coherence. The maximum-likelihood estimation of an object is then derived from its multiaspect object images. A hybrid priority criterion is defined to evaluate the reliability of the reconstruction result. An automatic reconstruction algorithm is further developed to match object images of different aspects and, finally, to reconstruct the building objects. Besides, an iterative method is proposed for the coregistration of multiaspect building images. Four-aspect simulated images of a virtual scene and four-aspect Pi-SAR images over the campus of Tohoku University, Japan, are investigated. Reconstruction of building objects from their multiaspect images shows the fidelity of the whole process chain and the feasibility of 3-D objects automatic reconstruction from multiaspect SAR images. At last, a practical application that is based on spaceborne meter-resolution SAR is proposed.
In the Search for Photocages Cleavable with Visible Light: An Overview of Recent Advances and Chemical Strategies (2020)

Abstract Photopharmacological tools enable the precise spatiotemporal control of small molecule drugs. Amongst them, caged compounds incorporate a photolabile moiety which is released under illumination, thus liberating the active molecule. Caging groups have long been known and many chemical scaffolds have already been used in different applications. However, most of the initial examples are cleaved with UV light, which suffers from low tissue permeability and cell damage. Recently, caging groups that are released under visible light have been reported, which expand their utility. In this review, we outline the chemical strategies that have been used to increase the absorption wavelengths; we compare their photophysical properties, discuss their synthetic accessibility, and exemplify some of their biological applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus aryabhattai Strain PHB10, a Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Accumulating Bacterium Isolated from Domestic Sewerage (2017)

<i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i> PHB10 is a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-accumulating bacterium isolated from domestic sewerage. Here, we report the 4.19-Mb draft genome sequence, with 4,050 protein-coding genes and a G+C content of 37.5%. This sequence will be helpful in the study of the high-level PHB accumulation mechanism of the strain.
Green light-emitting 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile-based D–A fluorophores – a combined theoretical and experimental study (2017)

A series of new fluorophores based on 2-(1<italic>H</italic>-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile incorporated with various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbazole, pyridine, triphenylamine was synthesised and their optical, thermal, electrochemical properties were evaluated.
Improvement on singular value decomposition vector quantization (1990)

Abstract For high‐efficiency image compression, previously, an SVD (singular value decomposition)‐based coder was developed using vector quantization, called SVD‐VQ. This paper proposes an improved quantization SVD‐VQ scheme. For every input subblock, the SVD‐VQ coder scalar‐quantizes a singular value and vector‐quantizes two singular vectors, separately. The SVD‐VQ decoder reproduces a subblock as the product of these quantization outputs, but does not necessarily produce a reconstruction with the minimum distortion in an image space. This paper develops a quantization scheme where the minimum‐distortion reconstruction is always provided in the original image space and presents its design algorithm. The improved SVD‐VQ shows A/N performance improvement of 0.5 ‐ 1.0 dB over the conventional SVD‐VQ, and is similar in performance to the adaptive DCT (discrete cosine transform) coder.
Linear electrooptic studies of dye-doped polymers (1998)

Summary form only given. We have modified the basic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer for use in the study of the electro-optic properties of dye-doped polymers. In situ electric field-, temperature-, and frequency-dependent linear electro-optic measurements of thin films of 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is reported.
Methane (CH4) release from littoral wetlands of Boreal lakes during an extended flooding period (2003)

Abstract Lake littoral zones have a transitional nature and dynamic conditions, which are reflected in their CH 4 emissions. Thus, detailed studies are needed to assess the littoral CH 4 emissions in a regional scale. In this study, CH 4 fluxes were followed during the ice‐free seasons in 1998 and 1999 by using the static chamber method in the littoral zone of two lakes in Finland. An exceptionally high water level in 1998 caused an unusually long inundation in otherwise ephemerally flooded zone. The flooding was normal in year 1999. The factors controlling CH 4 emissions were examined and statistical response functions were constructed. Further, the effect of extended flooding on the littoral CH 4 budged was estimated. The methane flux was primarily regulated by the water level in grass and sedge dominated eulittoral zone, but not in infralittoral reed and water lily stands. Methane emissions in the sedge dominated zone decreased significantly, when the flood was high enough to submerge the venting structures of the plants. Besides water level, sediment temperature determined CH 4 emission. The cumulative CH 4 emissions from the whole littoral wetlands in wet year were 1.1 times (L. Kevätön), or 0.61 and 0.79 times (L. Mekrijärvi) those in dry year. The crucial factor was the discrepancy between the exceptional and the average water level. The extension of inundated area does not necessarily increase CH 4 emissions if the flood reaches infrequently inundated areas, which apparently have low CH 4 production potential. This is the case especially, if the emissions in lower zones simultaneously decrease due to high water level. Our study analyses these complex responses between CH 4 emissions and water level.
Comparative adaptations in oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers in a low voluntary wheel running rat model performing three levels of physical activity (2015)

A unique polygenic model of rat physical activity has been recently developed where rats were selected for the trait of low voluntary wheel running. We utilized this model to identify differences in soleus and plantaris muscles of sedentary low voluntary wheel running rats and physically active low voluntary wheel running rats exposed to moderate amounts of treadmill training. Three groups of 28-day-old male Wistar rats were used: (1) rats without a running wheel (SEDENTARY, n = 7), (2) rats housed with a running wheel (WHEEL, n = 7), and (3) rats housed with a running wheel and exercised on the treadmill (5 days/week for 20 min/day at 15.0 m/min) (WHEEL + TREADMILL, n = 7). Animals were euthanized 5 weeks after the start of the experiment and the soleus and plantaris muscles were excised and used for analyses. Increases in skeletal muscle gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 in WHEEL + TREADMILL group were observed. Also, WHEEL + TREADMILL had higher protein levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and decreased levels of oxidative damage. Our data demonstrate that the addition of treadmill training induces beneficial muscular adaptations compared to animals with wheel access alone. Furthermore, our data expand our understanding of differential muscular adaptations in response to exercise in mitochondrial, antioxidant, and metabolic markers.
대도시 노인빈곤층 결정요인 분석 (2014)

우리나라의 노인 빈곤 문제는 다른 인구 집단에 비해 심각한 것으로 지적되고있지만 그 원인을 실증적으로 분석한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이며 특히 대도시에 거주하고 있는 노인들의 빈곤에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 연구는 미흡한수준이다. 여기에서는 이를 분석하기 위하여 55세 이상의 노인이 포함되어 있는가구를 대상으로 그들의 빈곤에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보았다. 55세 이상 노인가구를 대상으로 최저생계비 기준, 차상위계층을 포함한 빈곤결정요인을 분석한 결과, 전체 차상위 계층 대상으로 한 성별에만 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 그 외에 모형에는 성별 변수가 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 55세 연령은 65세 이상의 연령에 비해 빈곤에 빠질 확율이 낮으며, 학력이 낮을수록, 가구원수가 많을수록, 주택을 소유할수록, 일자리가 있을수록, 대도시에 거주할수록 빈곤에 빠질 확율이 낮은 것으로 분석된다. 한편 지역의 경제상황을 나타내는 지역변수를 활용한 결과, 재정자립도가 높을수록, 노인율이 낮을수록 빈곤에 빠질 확율이 낮은 것으로 나타난다. 특히 대도시의 경우 재정자립도, 노인율 뿐만 아니라 고용율이 낮을수록 빈곤에 빠질 확율이 나타나 빈곤이 지역의 노동시장의 고용과 관련이 있음을 시사하고 있다.
A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration (2021)

Preclinical studies involving large animal models aim to recapitulate the clinical situation as much as possible and bridge the gap from benchtop to bedside. To date, studies investigating intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and regeneration in large animal models have utilized a wide spectrum of methodologies for outcome evaluation. This paper aims to consolidate available knowledge, expertise, and experience in large animal preclinical models of IVD degeneration to create a comprehensive tool box of anatomical and functional outcomes. Herein, we present a Large Animal IVD Scoring Algorithm based on three scales: macroscopic (gross morphology, imaging, and biomechanics), microscopic (histological, biochemical, and biomolecular analyses), and clinical (neurologic state, mobility, and pain). The proposed algorithm encompasses a stepwise evaluation on all three scales, including spinal pain assessment, and relevant structural and functional components of IVD health and disease. This comprehensive tool box was designed for four commonly used preclinical large animal models (dog, pig, goat, and sheep) in order to facilitate standardization and applicability. Furthermore, it is intended to facilitate comparison across studies while discerning relevant differences between species within the context of outcomes with the goal to enhance veterinary clinical relevance as well. Current major challenges in pre-clinical large animal models for IVD regeneration are highlighted and insights into future directions that may improve the understanding of the underlying pathologies are discussed. As such, the IVD research community can deepen its exploration of the molecular, cellular, structural, and biomechanical changes that occur with IVD degeneration and regeneration, paving the path for clinically relevant therapeutic strategies.
High Modulus Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Spun from a Low Molecular Weight Microcrystalline Cellulose Solution (2016)

We have developed a novel process to convert low molecular weight microcrystalline cellulose into stiff regenerated cellulose fibers using a dry-jet wet fiber spinning process. Highly aligned cellulose fibers were spun from optically anisotropic microcrystalline cellulose/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate (EMImDEP) solutions. As the cellulose concentration increased from 7.6 to 12.4 wt %, the solution texture changed from completely isotropic to weakly nematic. Higher concentration solutions (>15 wt %) showed strongly optically anisotropic patterns, with clearing temperatures ranging from 80 to 90 °C. Cellulose fibers were spun from 12.4, 15.2, and 18.0 wt % cellulose solutions. The physical properties of these fibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and tensile testing. The 18.0 wt % cellulose fibers, with an average diameter of ∼20 μm, possessed a high Young’s modulus up to ∼22 GPa, moderately high tensile strength of ∼305 MPa, as well as high alignment of cellulose chains along the fiber axis confirmed by X-ray diffraction. This process presents a new route to convert microcrystalline cellulose, which is usually used for low mechanical performance applications (matrix for pharmaceutical tablets and food ingredients, etc.) into stiff fibers which can potentially be used for high-performance composite materials.
Prophetic branches: a branch architecture for code compaction and efficient execution (1993)

Clocked (synchronous) and self-timed (asynchronous) methodologies represent the two principal design approaches associated with timing control and synchronization of digital systems. In the paper, clocked and asynchronous instruction pipelines are modeled and compared. The approach which yields the best performance is dependent on technology parameters, operating range and pipeline algorithm characteristics. Design curves are presented which permit selection of the best approach for a given application and technology environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DNA replication-mediated error correction of ectopic CENP-A deposition maintains centromere identity (2018)

Abstract Chromatin assembled with the histone H3 variant CENP-A is the heritable epigenetic determinant of human centromere identity. Using genome-wide mapping and reference models for 23 human centromeres, CENP-A is shown in early G1 to be assembled into nucleosomes within megabase, repetitive α-satellite DNAs at each centromere and onto 11,390 transcriptionally active sites on the chromosome arms. Here we identify that DNA replication acts as an error correction mechanism to sustain centromere identity through the removal of the sites of CENP-A loading on the chromosome arms, while maintaining centromere-bound CENP-A with the same DNA sequence preferences as in its initial loading.
Simple and Versatile Laboratory Scale CSTR for Multiphasic Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Long Residence Times (2017)

A universal multi-stage cascade CSTR has been developed which is suitable for a wide range of continuous-flow processes. Coined by our group the ‘Freactor’ (free-to-access reactor), the new reactor integrates the efficiency of pipe-flow processing with the advanced mixing of a CSTR, delivering a general ‘plug-and-play’ reactor platform which is well-suited to multiphasic continuous-flow chemistry. Importantly, the reactor geometry is easily customized to accommodate reactions requiring long residence times (≥ 3 hours tested).
How are mixed-phase clouds mixed? (2022)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]How are mixed-phase clouds mixed?AuthorsAlexeiKoroleviDJasonMilbrandtSee all authors Alexei KoroleviDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3877-8419view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJason MilbrandtEnvironment and Climate Change Canadaview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Plasma motion in a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (1993)

A model is proposed for the flow of a plasma originating from a cathodic vacuum arc into a curvilinear magnetic field. The model gives good agreement with measurements obtained from a filtered cathodic-arc thin film deposition system. The important parameters involved in the motion of a vacuum arc plasma beam through a magnetic filter are examined. The analysis is based on the use of the guiding center approximation to describe the motion of the charged particles produced in the plasma where the thermal energy is negligible compared to the mass flow energy. Electron-ion collision effects are included within the framework of the drift model. It is shown that under the limiting condition of a collision frequency which is much higher than the cyclotron frequency of the electron, the motion of the plasma ions around the bend becomes independent of the magnetic field, with the number of ions traversing the filter significantly reduced. However, in the collisionless plasma case (cyclotron frequency higher than the collision frequency), the model predicts a square-law relationship between ion-saturation current and magnetic field , I/sub p/ infinity B/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
THE AUTHORS' ANSWER TO THE DISCUSSION BY TERUYUKI OIWA (1997)

The authors are grateful to Mr. Teruyuki Oiwa for his discussion. The lack of description of the notation used in our paper might have led to his questions. The answers are as follows ; 1) In this study, we selected the pinyin method that combines sounds into syllables. The name of "agatu" in Chinese is "ar ka" in Tibetan. 2)The notation should be selected according to the purpose and method of the paper.
Distinct modulation of IFNγ-induced transcription by BET bromodomain and catalytic P300/CBP inhibition in breast cancer (2022)

These data highlight the ability for epigenetic therapies to reprogram pro-inflammatory gene expression, which may have therapeutic implications for anti-tumor immunity and inflammatory diseases.
1680. Activity of the Novel Engineered Antimicrobial Peptide PLG0206 Against Enterobacterales isolates (2022)

Abstract Background PLG0206 is an investigational, engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide designed to overcome the shortcomings of other natural AMPs, such as toxicity and limited activity. PLG0206 has recently been shown to be well tolerated and safe in a phase 1 study. This study evaluated the activity of PLG0206 and comparator antimicrobials against Enterobacterales isolates from the IHMA repository collected from various world-wide locations in 2019. Methods Isolates tested included Citrobacter spp. (151), Enterobacter cloacae (152), Escherichia coli (300), Klebsiella pneumoniae (300), Morganella morganii (43), Proteus spp. (152), Providencia spp. (61) and Serratia marcescens (45). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by CLSI broth microdilution in cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CA-MHB), except for PLG0206 which was tested in RPMI medium due to plate-reading difficulties with CA-MHB. The susceptibility of comparators was determined using the 2022 CLSI breakpoints. MDR was defined as resistance to ≥ 3 antibacterial classes. Results Summary MIC and susceptibility data against Citrobacter spp., E. coli, E. cloacae, and K. pneumoniae are shown in the Table. PLG0206 retained activity against MDR isolates of Citrobacter spp. (26), E. coli (92), E. cloacae (45), and K. pneumoniae (132) with MIC50/90 values of 1/2, 1/2, 1/16 and 8/16 μg/mL, respectively. PLG0206 was essentially inactive against the Morganellaceae and Yersiniaceae isolates tested with MIC50 and MIC90 values of &amp;gt; 32 μg/mL (data not shown). Conclusion PLG0206 was active against isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae, including MDR strains. The spectrum of activity of PLG0206 ranged from being most active against Citrobacter spp. and least active against K. pneumoniae. These data suggest that the novel antimicrobial peptide PLG0206 could be a potential treatment option against infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Disclosures David Huang, MD, PhD, Peptilogics: Employee Jonathan Steckbeck, PhD, Peptilogics: I am CEO of Peptilogics.
UV Laser Irradiation Effects on Frequency of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Filters Coated with Titanium Oxide Films (1997)

Effects of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on the frequency of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters coated with amorphous Ti–O thin films have been investigated by use of a pulsed KrF excimer laser. The frequency was abruptly changed by the irradiation. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the elastic properties of the Ti–O films are improved by the UV laser irradiation, and the frequency shift is dependent on a change in the velocity of SAWs propagating in the Ti–O film.
Reduktion af landbrugets klimaaftryk ved termisk pyrolyse af afgrøderester og organiske gødningsfraktioner (2019)

Formålet med dette dokument er at introducere nogle af de potentialer, der kan være ved en omfattende implementering af termisk pyrolyse af afgrøderester og organiske gødningsfraktioner for reduktion af drivhusgasudledning fra dansk landbrug. Pyrolyse vil have til formål 1) at lagre biogent kulstof i landbrugsjorden, 2) at øge produktionen af dansk bioenergi, 3) at reducere de direkte emissioner af lattergas og metan fra behandling, opbevaring og anvendelse af organiske gødningsfraktioner, og 4) at foranledige en række yderligere emissionsreduktioner og dyrkningsmæssige fordele via jordforbedring. Notatet vil beskrive disse fire formål og give en kvalitativ vurdering af de relaterede reduktionspotentialer.
Cation Contamination in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Impacts, Mechanisms, and Mitigation (2015)

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), a promising source of clean energy in automotive application, still require durability improvement before commercialization. For instance, cationic impurities may get introduced into the PEFCs from the ambient air (e.g. roadside contaminants) and from the corrosion of stack and balance of plant components which are known to have a severe negative effect on the durability and performance of PEFCs such as reduction in proton conductivity and water content in the membrane (1). In our group, the experimental and theoretical study of the effects of key cathode side cation contaminants on the performance of PEFCs were investigated, and the understanding of contamination mechanism was utilized to develop novel technologies for mitigating the effects of contamination. A list of cation contaminants (Na + , K + , Mg +2 , Ca +2 , Ni +2 , Ba +2 , Al +3 , Cr +3 , and Fe +3 ) were tested for screening studies and one cation was selected for more in-depth studies that was not previously well investigated, prevalent in roadside impurities, and abundant in the nature. The contaminant was tested with a single cell, a segmented cell, and a multilayer membrane cell test configurations. In the cation computational model, for the first time, a catalyst agglomerate model was utilized and a decrease in oxygen concentration in the catalyst layer was found due to cation contamination which was a new finding (2). During experimental studies, it was found that water management significantly affects contamination by cations which may result in salt precipitation causing serious mass transport losses, and salt was preferentially deposited at the outlet of the cell at our operating conditions. It was also found that GDL played an important role in the transport of cations in as well as out of the MEA, and hydrophobic nature of the GDL can act as a barrier to the transport of cation solution. Based on experimental and computational model, mitigation methodologies for cation contamination were designed depending on the presence of contaminants in various parts of the fuel cell. Cation contaminants from the membrane can be completely removed by re-protonating the membrane using acidic solution. For removing salt deposit, an ex-situ acid flush technique was utilized and salt deposit on flow field was completely removed, whereas some white patches of salt deposit still was observed on the GDL (Figure 1). Ex-situ mitigation process using acidic solution worked well, but additional factors need to be identified that hinder the full recovery process. Acknowledg e ments Financial support from the Department of Energy (DOE)-EERE, DE-EE00000467 (University of Hawaii, prime contractor, Jean St-Pierre, PI) is greatly acknowledged. References T. Okada, in Handbook of Fuel Cells– Fundamentals, Technology and Applications , W. Vielstich, H. A. Gasteiger, A. Lamm and H. Yokokawa, Editors, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd, New York (2010). M. A. Uddin and U. Pasaogullari, J. Electrochem. Soc., 61, F1081 (2014). Figure 1