gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Brain Parenchyma Model-Based Segmentation of Intraventricular and Intracerebral Haemorrhage in CT Scans (2012)

Accurate quantification of haemorrhage volume in a computed tomography (CT) scan is critical in the management and treatment planning of intraventricular (IVH) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Manual and semi-automatic methods are laborious and time-consuming limiting their applicability to small data sets. In clinical trials measurements are done at different locations and on a large number of data; an accurate, consistent and automatic method is preferred. A fast and efficient method based on texture energy for identification and segmentation of hemorrhagic regions in the CT scans is proposed. The data set for the study was obtained from CLEAR-IVH clinical trial phase III (41 patients' 201 sequential CT scans from ten different hospitals, slice thickness 2.5-10 mm and from different scanners). The DICOM data were windowed, skull stripped, convolved with textural energy masks and segmented using a hybrid method (a combination of thresholding and fuzzy c-means). Artifacts were removed by statistical analysis and morphological processing. Segmentation results were compared with the ground truth. Descriptive statistics, Dice statistical index (DSI), Bland-Altman and mean difference analysis were carried out. The median sensitivity, specificity and DSI for slice identification and haemorrhage segmentation were 86.25%, 100%, 0.9254 and 84.90%, 99.94%, 0.8710, respectively. The algorithm takes about one minute to process a scan in MATLAB(®). A hybrid method-based volumetry of haemorrhage in CT is reliable, observer independent, efficient, reduces the time and labour. It also generates quantitative data that is important for precise therapeutic decision-making.
Structural and microstructural features of functional materials based on cuprates and manganites (2004)

The review considers characteristic features of the crystal structure, phase relations, microstructure and physical properties of the most important classes of modern cuprate and manganite materials including high-temperature superconductors, CMR magnetic semiconductors and superionic conductors. The bibliography includes 189 references.
Postsynaptic Expression of Homeostatic Plasticity at Neocortical Synapses (2005)

Synaptic scaling is a form of homeostatic plasticity that scales synaptic strengths up or down to compensate for prolonged changes in activity. It has been controversial whether this plasticity is expressed presynaptically, postsynaptically, or both. Here we describe in detail the homeostatic changes that take place at excitatory synapses in visual cortical cultures after 1 or 2 d of activity blockade. After 7-10 d in vitro, activity blockade significantly increased postsynaptic accumulation of synaptic AMPA receptors via proportional increases in glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and GluR2. Time-lapse imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged AMPA receptors revealed that receptor accumulation increased progressively over 2 d of activity blockade and affected the entire population of imaged synapses. The strength of synaptic connections between pyramidal neurons was more than doubled after activity blockade without affecting short-term depression or the coefficient of variation of the postsynaptic responses. Furthermore, uptake of the fluorescent styryl dye FM1-43 (N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-[4-(dibutylamino)styryl] pyridinium dibromide) by presynaptic terminals was not different at control and activity-blocked synapses. In addition to the increased accumulation of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, boosting of dendritic AMPA currents by sodium channels was increased by activity blockade. These data indicate that, at young neocortical synapses, synaptic scaling has a predominantly postsynaptic locus and functions as a gain control mechanism to regulate neuronal activity without affecting the dynamics of synaptic transmission.
Optical properties of detonation nanodiamond hydrosols (2012)

Studies of the optical properties of hydrosols of 4-nm detonation nanodiamond particles performed in the 0.2–1.1 μm range have revealed a novel effect, a strong increase of absorption at the edges of the spectral range, and provided its explanation in terms of absorption of radiation by the dimer chains (the so-called Pandey chains) fixed on the surface of a nanodiamond particle. The effect of particle size distribution in a hydrosol on the relative intensity of Rayleigh scattering and light absorption by nanodiamond particles in this range has been analyzed.
The novel MAPT mutation K298E: mechanisms of mutant tau toxicity, brain pathology and tau expression in induced fibroblast-derived neurons (2013)

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) consists of a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by behavioural and executive impairment, language disorders and motor dysfunction. About 20-30% of cases are inherited in a dominant manner. Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (MAPT) cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17T). Here we report a novel MAPT mutation (K298E) in exon 10 in a patient with FTDP-17T. Neuropathological studies of post-mortem brain showed widespread neuronal loss and gliosis and abundant deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons and glia. Molecular studies demonstrated that the K298E mutation affects both protein function and alternative mRNA splicing. Fibroblasts from a skin biopsy of the proband taken at post-mortem were directly induced into neurons (iNs) and expressed both 3-repeat and 4-repeat tau isoforms. As well as contributing new knowledge on MAPT mutations in FTDP-17T, this is the first example of the successful generation of iNs from skin cells retrieved post-mortem.
A REVIEW OF HOVERCRAFT DYNAMIC MOTION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO RIDE AND MANOEUVRING CHARACTERISTICS (1978)

The various concepts involved in the mathematical modelling of the air cushion vehicle are discussed. Drag implications and active methods of ride control of particular interest, are mentioned. Finally manoeuvring controls, and full scale ride quality instruments and techniques are briefly reviewed. Order from NSFI as No. 17397.
Gene therapy and genome editing for primary immunodeficiency diseases (2019)

In past two decades the gene therapy using genetic modified autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transduced with the viral vector has become a promising alternative option for treating primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). Despite of some pitfalls at early stage clinical trials, the field of gene therapy has advanced significantly in the last decade with improvements in viral vector safety, preparatory regime for manufacturing high quality virus, automated CD34 cell purification. Hence, the overall outcome from the clinical trials for the different PIDs has been very encouraging. In addition to the viral vector based gene therapy, the recent fast moving forward developments in genome editing using engineered nucleases in HSCs has provided a new promising platform for the treatment of PIDs. This review provides an overall outcome and progress in gene therapy clinical trials for SCID-X, ADA-SCID, WAS, X- CGD, and the recent developments in genome editing technology applied in HSCs for developing potential therapy, particular in the key studies for PIDs.
High Power Constant Current Class EF2 GaN Power Amplifier for AirFuel Magnetic Resonance Wire-less Power Transfer Systems (2018)

This paper presents the constant current Class EF2 power amplifier (PA) for magnetic resonance WPT with GaN devices, where the current output of the Class EF2 PA remains almost constant when the load impedance varies. The solution enables power transfer coil load of the WPT system to simultaneously support multiple devices and naturally supply the power demanded by receiver with open loop. The design methodology of Class EF2 PA will be discussed in detail, followed as a customer solution design for WPT. The Class EF2 PA can deliver 150W CW power at 6.78MHz, with 94% efficiency at 70V before EMI filter.
XDuce: A Typed XML Processing Language (Preliminary Report (2000)

\n \n \t \n fffiflffi ! &amp;quot;\t $#%&amp;apos;&amp;amp;(*)+!,-\t \n fffi \t \t \n .\t/ \t!,0 \t 1#2!,
Synthesis, characterization and trivalent arsenic sorption potential of Ce-Al nanostructured mixed oxide (2017)

Arsenic contamination in the ground water has serious health consequences in many parts of the world. The surface sorption method for arsenic mitigation has been widely investigated due to its simple method, inexpensive operation, highly efficient and low content of by-products. In the present study, nanostructured hydrated cerium aluminum oxide (NHCAO) was synthesized and characterized and its arsenic (III) sorption behavior from the aqueous solution was studied. The material was characterized in SEM, FE-SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, and FT-IR. Batch method was used for the kinetics of As (III) sorption on nanoparticles at 303 (± 1.6) K and at pH 7.0 (± 0.2). The experiments on isotherm subject were performed individually at 288K, 303K, 318K temperatures at pH 7.0 (± 0.2) using the batch sorption method. In the kinetics study of arsenic (III) sorption, the sorption percentage was observed to remain nearly unchanged up to pH 9.0, thereafter only slight reduction in sorption percentage. The equilibrium sorption results were tested using the models of Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir model is the most fitted model for the sorption reaction. NHCAO was highly efficient in As(III) removal out of the water in the extensive range of pH and could be used for arsenic removal from contaminated water.
Gastrointestinal Complications of Bariatric Surgery (2024)

Bariatric surgery, a collective term for operations that involve reducing the size of the gastric reservoir with or without associated induced malabsorption, has achieved impressive results, with approximately a 50% or more reduction in excess body weight by 18 to 24 months post operation. 1 Although most patients achieve successful outcomes, many patients develop postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Whether these symptoms represent necessary evils (adverse events related to dietary indiscretion) or unnecessary evils (true postoperative complications) is difficult to interpret clinically and frequently will require gastroenterology consultation. Gastroenterologists, therefore, are and will continue to be an integral component to the successful outcomes of bariatric surgery. The aim of this chapter is to describe the role of the gastroenterologist in the management of the various GI complications that may occur. (Bariatric surgeries are discussed in detail—with descriptions of the procedures, comparison of the outcomes, and a discussion of outcomes—in Chapter 49.)
Experiences with SRL: an analysis of frame-based knowledge representations (1986)

The goal of this paper is to examine a single representation language, SRL, and its applications to determine utility of its ideas. Post mortems have been performed before but have the appearance of a massive weeding due to the plethora of ideas included in the initial version of the language. What distinguishes SRL is its evolution from a research engine to a production level language. Its evolution has been hastened by its application to real problems, and its transition to industrial use. EXPERIENCES WITH SRL
Sea ice segmentation of SAR imagery using multi-temporal and multi-scale feature extraction (2011)

A method for sea-ice segmentation of SAR imagery is proposed in this paper. It is based on the multi-location descriptor extraction in salient image points, which indicate image locations with temporal change, high intensity contrast, regional homogeneity and shape saliency. A novel spatiotemporal operator is used to extract the feature points, which advantageously integrates temporal change with spatial saliency. The final segmentation by scale-adaptive region growing provides borders of sea ice regions. Preliminary experimental results confirmed the reliability of the proposed segmentation method and have shown its high potential for SAR image analysis.
Dextran Sulfate and Stromal Cell Derived Factor-1 Promote CXCR4 Expression and Improve Bone Marrow Homing Efficiency of Infused Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2009)

Although the homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to the bone marrow (BM) is a crucial step in hematopoietic development and BM repopulation, the mechanisms underlying these processes have not been fully clarified. Recent studies suggest that interaction between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), plays a critical role in these processes. In addition, dextran sulfate increases plasma SDF-1 levels in mice and nonhuman primates. Thus, we examined the effects of preconditioning with SDF-1 and dextran sulfate on the homing efficiency of HSCs following BM transplantation in mice. We found that the preconditioning of donor mice with either SDF-1 or dextran sulfate enhanced the homing efficiency of infused HSCs in vivo. The greatest effects were obtained with dextran sulfate. Moreover, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that SDF-1 and dextran sulfate increased transcription of a variety of homing-related genes, including those for CXCR4, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, very late antigen-4/5, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1. We suggest that whereas SDF-1 directly acts to upregulate CXCR4 expression in HSCs, dextran sulfate acts via multiple pathways involved in the induction of various homing-related molecules, in addition to SDF-1. Thus, preconditioning donors with dextran sulfate offers a novel clinical approach for improving the homing and engraftment of HSCs in the BM.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Both Enantiomers of α-Hydroxy Acids by the Diastereoselective Reduction of Chiral α-Keto Amides with (Complex) Metal Hydrides in the Presence of Metallic Salt (1986)

Abstract Effects of the metallic salts and the reducing reagents in the diastereoselective reduction of chiral α-keto amides derived from (S)-proline methyl ester were examined. Lithium borohydride afforded (S)-α-hydroxy acids, whereas diisobutylaluminum hydride afforded (R)-isomers. In the presence of lithium bromide, reduction with LiBH4 afforded (S)-mandelic acid in over 80% e.e.
Development and Evaluation of Pseudo Capillary Pressure in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2011)

Abstract Large volumes of oil are left behind in matrix system of naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) with expanding gas cap and/or encroaching water influx upon years of oil production. Such systems are subjected to natural gravity drainage or induced gravity drainage/imbibitions by injection of external gas or chemical EOR treatments. Proper modeling of gravity drainage is a very challenging task for such situations in naturally fractured reservoirs. This is because the gravity term is not explicitly included in the exchange function between matrix and fracture in dual continuum formulation of most commercial numerical simulators. Classical discrete fracture models are generally impractical for being computationally expensive. Much work has been done in the past on alternate ways of capturing gravity effects in numerical simulations of fractured systems. Often, pseudo capillary pressure terms have been proposed that combine gravity and rock capillary pressures and mimic proper transfer of fluids between matrix and fractures. Several methods have been published in the literature for the computation of pseudo capillary pressure for single and multiple matrix cases with varying results. However, their applicability and conditions for their applicability have remained uncertain. In this paper we introduce a new method to derive pseudo capillary pressures that preserve gravity effects for both water/oil and gas/oil systems under various conditions. The method is applied to single block and multiple block cases, and is benchmarked against the corresponding single-porosity fine-grid simulations with explicit fractures. The paper also investigates other available pseudo capillary pressure methods on the same matrix/fracture configurations to evaluate their performance and to compare with the new method of this paper. Our simulation results show that proper pseudo capillary pressures effectively incorporate the gravity effects in simulations of oil/water and gas/oil systems; and as such they significantly improve modeling of oil recovery in dual porosity models. This capability is highly crucial in full-field simulations of naturally fractured reservoirs with continuum models.
Experience in one centre using the buttoned device for occlusion of atrial septal defect: comparison with the Amplatzer septal occluder (2000)

We report our experience using the buttoned device to close defects within the oval fossa and probe-patent oval foramens, comparing the findings with those obtained with the Amplatzer septal occluder. From 1992 to 1997, we used the buttoned device to close defects in 73 consecutive patients, 64 with defects in the oval fossa and nine with patent foramens. We compared this experience with a further series of 62 patients seen from 1997 to 1999 in whom the Amplatzer septal occluder was used. Successful implantation was achieved in three-quarters of those with septal defects in whom the buttoned device was used, in all of those in whom the buttoned device was used for patent foramens, and in nine-tenths of those in whom closure was attempted using the Amplatzer occluder. Immediate surgery was needed in 3 patients in whom a buttoned device was used, one because of embolization and two with residual shunts and a straddling device. Similar immediate surgery was needed to retrieve one embolized Amplatzer occluder. During follow-up, surgery was needed in a further 7 patients, all having had insertion of a buttoned device, because of atrial perforation in one and a significant residual shunt in the remainder. At late follow-up, the rate of complete occlusion was 69% in the patients in whom the buttoned device was used to close a septal defect, 100% when the buttoned device was used for patent foramens, and 95% in those treated with the Amplatzer occluder. Our experience shows that the Amplatzer occluder produced a significantly higher rate of occlusion for larger defects, and with a shorter fluoroscopy time than the buttoned device. The Amplatzer septal occluder, therefore, is our preferred device for closure of defects within the oval fossa.
Enhanced non-volatile memory characteristics with quattro-layer graphene nanoplatelets vs. 2.85-nm Si nanoparticles with asymmetric Al2O3/HfO2 tunnel oxide (2015)

In this work, we demonstrate a non-volatile metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory with Quattro-layer graphene nanoplatelets as charge storage layer with asymmetric Al2O3/HfO2 tunnel oxide and we compare it to the same memory structure with 2.85-nm Si nanoparticles charge trapping layer. The results show that graphene nanoplatelets with Al2O3/HfO2 tunnel oxide allow for larger memory windows at the same operating voltages, enhanced retention, and endurance characteristics. The measurements are further confirmed by plotting the energy band diagram of the structures, calculating the quantum tunneling probabilities, and analyzing the charge transport mechanism. Also, the required program time of the memory with ultra-thin asymmetric Al2O3/HfO2 tunnel oxide with graphene nanoplatelets storage layer is calculated under Fowler-Nordheim tunneling regime and found to be 4.1 ns making it the fastest fully programmed MOS memory due to the observed pure electrons storage in the graphene nanoplatelets. With Si nanoparticles, however, the program time is larger due to the mixed charge storage. The results confirm that band-engineering of both tunnel oxide and charge trapping layer is required to enhance the current non-volatile memory characteristics.
A practical introduction to separation and purification techniques for the beginning organic chemistry laboratory (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA practical introduction to separation and purification techniques for the beginning organic chemistry laboratoryJack E. Leonard Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 12, 1022Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1981Published inissue 1 December 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ed058p1022Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1198Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fretting Wear Between a Hollow Sphere and Flat Surface (2009)

Wear particles in a hard disk drive may cause the head/disk interface to fail. We have experimentally investigated wear particle generation resulting from fretting wear between the dimple on the suspension and the gimbal spring. We have found that increasing the normal load as well as using a low friction coating reduces the formation of wear particles.
Imaging of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activities of a Single Algal Protoplast by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (1999)

Abstract Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) based on the reduction current for oxygen was used for imaging of respiratory and photosynthetic activities of single, living protoplasts. In the dark, the image of the protoplast appeared as a spot with lower oxygen concentration due to consumption of oxygen by respiration. Under light irradiation, the protoplast appeared as the opposite image because it generated oxygen by photosynthesis. SECM images clearly displayed a decrease in photosynthetic activity of the protoplast injected with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), a photosynthetic inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of meso‐Hydrobenzoin‐Derived Chiral Auxiliaries for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrrolidines by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides. (2010)

Abstract Acrylic ester derivatives (I) possessing meso‐hydrobenzoin derived chiral auxiliaries undergo cycloaddition with the azomethine (II) to give the highly substituted pyrrolidines (III) with up to 87% e.e.