gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical Displacement of the Magnetooptical Hysteresis Loop in the Magnetoplasmonic Nanocomposite (2020)

The results of synthesis and investigation of magnetooptical (MO) properties of thin-film magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, which is a layer of bismuth-substituted iron garnet Bi:YIG with plasmon nanoparticles Au, have been presented. The effect of vertical displacement of the MO hysteresis loop relative to the origin has been found in the study of MO-properties in the process of reversal magnetization of this magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite. It has been shown that the observed effect is most pronounced in the vicinity of the localized plasmon resonance in the system of metal nanoparticles that are part of the magnetoplasmonic composite.
Synthesis of 4′-Thio-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (4′-Thio-ara-C) and Comparison of Its Anticancer Activity with That of Ara-C (2000)

4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was synthesized by a facile route in high yields. It was evaluated for antitumor activity against a panel of human tumors, both in vitro and in vivo.
Epitaxial barium hexaferrite on sapphire by sputter deposition (1988)

Epitaxial films of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12 O19 ) have been prepared on basal-oriented sapphire substrates by rf sputter deposition of an amorphous ferrite film and crystallization of the film by annealing. Liquid phase epitaxy has been used to deposit an additional barium hexaferrite layer on top of the sputter deposited and annealed film. In this way films having symmetric ferromagnetic resonance peaks as narrow as 41 Oe at 60 GHz have been obtained.
Hemolymph of Anopheles stephensi from Noninfected and Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mosquitoes. 3. Carbohydrates (1979)

Determinations were made of carbohydrates in hemolymph collected from adult female mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi). First the hemolymph was fractionated by extraction and precipitation procedures, after which qualitative and quantitative determinations of carbohydrates were made by thin layer chromatography. The most abundant sugars found in the hemolymph were glucose and trehalose, though maltose, glucuronic acid, and inositol could be found after the mosquitoes took blood meals. After the mosquitoes ingested a noninfected blood meal, their hemolymph sugar levels rose almost 4-fold. There was less of an increase following a blood meal infected with the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei. Depletion of sugars in the hemolymph of infected mosquitoes may result from direct utilization of sugar by the malaria parasite developing within the mosquito.
[Effectiveness of two intraarticular drugs in patients with knee arthrosis. Polymerized collagen versus hylan]. (2015)

Decrease in pain measured with the visual analog scale is statistically significant in both groups, however, when comparing both groups we did not find differences. The results of the IKDC were the same in both groups, there was no difference except in baseline measurements and in the final result.
Differentiated Evaluation of Washing Performance in Washing Machines of Test Stain Strips as a Function of Temperature, Washing Duration and Load Size (2016)

Abstract Since the washing performance of household washing machines must comply with certain limit values, like the ecodesign requirements in Europe, the method of washing performance evaluation is crucial. Today, the washing performance is defined as an overall washing performance in IEC 60456:2010, constituting an calculation of the average sum of reflectance values of five different stain monitors. As a result, the different washing characteristics of each individual stain are totally neglected. This study investigates how the washing cycle affects the individual stains, when washing temperature, washing time and load size are varied systematically. The results show individual stains contribute differently to the overall washing performance. For a proper assessment of the washing performance, the individual stains’ contributions to the overall washing performance are required to be considered. A supplement of temperature sensitive stain monitors is suggested. E.g., as tea has a crucial contribution at higher temperature, this stain should have a higher influence in washing performance assessment when good bleaching or hygiene performance is requested.
Rigid Ceramic Filters for Hot Gas Cleaning (1993)

Rigid ceramic filters have emerged in the last decade as the most promising technology for particulate removal from process gases at temperatures up to 1000ºC. Granular and fibrous forms of media have been developed and both are commonly employed in the form of cylindrical “candles” which are periodically cleaned by application of a reverse gas pulse. Research has focused on this cleaning process, which governs the long-term performance of the filter. The problem is two-fold: to develop an expression for the intrinsic dust cake “detachment stress” from knowledge of the dust particle properties and cake structure, and to model the propagation of the cleaning pulse which is applied to remove it. The results of this research are summarized and experimental methods for investigation of filter cleaning briefly described. The implications for design and further development of ceramic filters are discussed.
Supplementary figures description from The Immunosuppressive Niche of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas is Sustained by Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Characterized by Intratumoral Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures description. S1-S5&lt;/p&gt;
World‐wide weathering of poly(vinyl chloride) (1975)

Abstract In order to determine the effect of outdoor aging in various areas of the world, poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, compositions were exposed at test sites in Australia, Canada, England, Germany, South Africa, and in Piscataway, New Jersey. These results are related to the climatological data from the different test sites. The data obtained show the effects of a three‐year period of exposure on clear and filled, flexible and rigid PVC compositions. The merits of various types of additives are shown in respect to the outdoor aging properties of PVC compounds. It was observed that the exposure conditions vary from severe for Australia and South Africa to mild for England. However, the general results obtained throughout the world correlate well with those from the exposure site in New Jersey.
Reverse link capacity and interference statistics of DS/CDMA with transmit diversity (2005)

This paper examines the impact of spatial diversity implementations at both mobile handset and base stations on the interference statistics and capacity of a reverse-link direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA.) system. Several parameters that can affect the capacity are considered: transmit diversity order, spatial receive diversity order, the number of multipath channels, fade distribution and multiple intensity profile, maximum transmit power, soft-handoff, and user distribution.
Interbasin motion approach to dynamics of conformationally constrained peptides (2003)

In this paper, the interbasin motion (IBM) approach is applied to studying dynamics of conformationally constrained peptides, being extended to a nonideal contact of the system with a thermal bath. The coupling of the system with the thermal bath is expressed in terms of a memory function. The aim of the present study is twofold. First, we present a dynamical diagnosis of the three hexapeptide variants with the main focus on the transitions between basins rather than between individual states. Second, the present study is intended to pinpoint a way for extracting useful information about the strength of the system–solvent coupling and how this interaction affects the propensity of relaxation towards the native state. We show that a slight variation of the value of the memory friction parameter may induce a sizable modification of the relaxation time. In addition, the change of the memory friction parameter produces alterations on short time scales among the population distributions. Especially, high energy basins seem affected the most. In the Markovian limit, the basin populations computed within the IBM model are compared to those obtained by using state-to-state transition rates in the full master equation approach. The two methods yield similar results when the separation of time scales between intra- and interbasin dynamics is completely achieved.
A Framework for Deep Learning Emulation of Numerical Models With a Case Study in Satellite Remote Sensing (2022)

Numerical models based on physics represent the state of the art in Earth system modeling and comprise our best tools for generating insights and predictions. Despite rapid growth in computational power, the perceived need for higher model resolutions overwhelms the latest generation computers, reducing the ability of modelers to generate simulations for understanding parameter sensitivities and characterizing variability and uncertainty. Thus, surrogate models are often developed to capture the essential attributes of the full-blown numerical models. Recent successes of machine learning methods, especially deep learning (DL), across many disciplines offer the possibility that complex nonlinear connectionist representations may be able to capture the underlying complex structures and nonlinear processes in Earth systems. A difficult test for DL-based emulation, which refers to function approximation of numerical models, is to understand whether they can be comparable to traditional forms of surrogate models in terms of computational efficiency while simultaneously reproducing model results in a credible manner. A DL emulation that passes this test may be expected to perform even better than simple models with respect to capturing complex processes and spatiotemporal dependencies. Here, we examine, with a case study in satellite-based remote sensing, the hypothesis that DL approaches can credibly represent the simulations from a surrogate model with comparable computational efficiency. Our results are encouraging in that the DL emulation reproduces the results with acceptable accuracy and often even faster performance. We discuss the broader implications of our results in light of the pace of improvements in high-performance implementations of DL and the growing desire for higher resolution simulations in the Earth sciences.
MIMO channel characterization over random rough dielectric terrain (2014)

This paper integrates small perturbation method (SPM) with a ray-tracing (RT) algorithm to model a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel over a dielectric rough terrain. The effects of surface undulation height, surface correlation length, dielectric soil, transmitter and receiver heights, and interelement spacing of MIMO transceivers are examined on relative received power, intra-user spatial correlation, RMS delay spread, and the coherence bandwidth.
Spontaneous gasping increases the ability to resuscitate during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1994)

Spontaneous gasping is associated with both pulmonary and hemodynamic effects during cardiac arrest in experimental animals. Spontaneous gasping is biologically useful and is predictive of a more favorable outcome of resuscitative efforts.
Metal Carbides for Biomass Valorization (2018)

Transition metal carbides have been utilized as an alternative catalyst to expensive noble metals for the conversion of biomass. Tungsten and molybdenum carbides have been shown to be effective catalysts for hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization reactions. The satisfactory activities of these metal carbides and their low costs, compared with noble metals, make them appealing alternatives and worthy of further investigation. In this review, we succinctly describe common synthesis techniques, including temperature-programmed reaction and carbothermal hydrogen reduction, utilized to prepare metal carbides used for biomass transformation. Attention will be focused, successively, on the application of transition metal carbide catalysts in the transformation of first-generation (oils) and second-generation (lignocellulose) biomass to biofuels and fine chemicals.
Oxidative stress in lichen planus. (2010)

Our findings point to an increase in oxidative stress and an imbalance in the antioxidant defense mechanisms in LP. This may play a role in the pathogenesis of LP.
Fructose Utilization for Nucleic Acid Synthesis in the Fetal Pig (1982)

Eight fetal pigs, in utero, were injected ip with 20 microCi/fetus [U14C]-fructose between d 55 and 65 pregnancy. The isotope was allowed to equilibrate between blood and tissues within injected fetuses for a period of 240 min. Fetal pigs were then sacrificed and nucleic acids were extracted from cold tissue homogenates of skeletal muscle and liver. Nuclide disintegrations per minute recovered in extracted DNA and RNA were used to calculate incorporation of labeled C from fructose. The recovery of labeled C per mmol of nucleic acids from skeletal muscle was greater (P less than .05) than that from liver. Relative incorporation of labeled C into skeletal muscle RNA (395.9 pmol/mmol) was greater (P less than .05) than for DNA (189.5 pmol/mmol). The same trend was observed for liver RNA (78.0 pmol/mmol) and DNA (55.6 pmol/mmol), but differences were nonsignificant. These data suggest that at least part of the high concentration of endogenous fructose measured in fetal pigs in utero is involved in synthesis of nucleic acids, thereby providing substrate for anabolic functions necessary for fetal growth and development.
Point-focusing monochromator crystal realized by hot plastic deformation of a Ge wafer (2008)

Pre-polished Ge(111) single-crystal wafers were deformed just below the melting temperature to prepare point-focusing Johansson monochromator crystals. The (111) lattice plane had curvature 2R in the focusing plane and R perpendicular to it, with a hemispherical inner surface with a radius of R = 600 mm. By using Cu Kalpha radiation, the diverging X-ray beam was focused onto a small spot.
Effects of Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit (rCTB) on Cellular Immune Responses: Enhancement of Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity Following Intranasal Co‐Administration of Mycobacterium bovis‐BCG with rCTB (2004)

Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) is a safe and potent mucosal adjuvant. To gain insight into the mechanism underlying the adjuvant effect of rCTB, the effects of rCTB on cell-mediated immune responses of mice and guinea pigs were examined after intranasal administration of Mycobacterium bovis -bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) with and without rCTB. Delayed-type hypersensitivity, for skin reactions in guinea pigs and for footpad swelling reactions in mice, to purified protein derivative (PPD) were enhanced by intranasal co-administration of BCG and rCTB, as compared to giving BCG alone to these animals. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma production of spleen cells and antigen specific spleen cell proliferation, stimulated with PPD, were enhanced in the presence of rCTB. These results strongly suggest that rCTB enhances cellular as well as humoral immune responses.
Ampere's Circuital 3-D Model for Noncuboidal Magnets (2010)

Analytical equations describing the three-dimensional field of permanent magnets are attractive tools for the optimization of permanent-magnet based structures. The shape of the magnets determines to a high extent the type of solution. The objective of this research is to find the equations describing the field of a pyramidal frustum, based on the Biot-Savart law. We develop analytical equations describing the field of current carrying sheets. These equations make it possible to treat the field of any permanent-magnet shape with a uniform magnetization and flat surfaces.
Indium Encapsulation of Breath Samples for Alcohol Content—A Review and Report (1978)

The development of the encapsulation of breath samples within indium metal tubing for subsequent determination of alcohol concentration is reviewed, noting problems encountered and solutions effected. Results of practical tests are reported and discussed.
Die LTCC-Technologie als Plattform für die Herstellung von Fluidik-Mikrostrukturen für biologische Applikationen (2009)

Die LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic)-Technologie, die ursprünglich für den Aufbau von hoch zuverlässigen Mehrlagenschaltungen entwickelt wurde, eröffnet die Möglichkeit, auch komplexe dreidimensionale Strukturen in einfacher Weise aufzubauen. Am Beispiel eines Monitoring-Moduls zur Erfassung von biologischen Reaktionen wird die Herstellung einer komplexen Mikrofluidik-Applikation vorgestellt. Anhand eines definierten Mischprozesses sowie eines Reaktionsprozesses, welche sich auf numerische Simulationen abstützen, wird die Funktionalität des Systems aufgezeigt.
Fully automated spectroscopic ellipsometry analyses of crystalline-phase semiconductors based on a new algorithm (2022)

One significant drawback of a spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) technique is its time-consuming and often complicated analysis procedure necessary to assess the optical functions of thin-film and bulk samples. Here, to solve this inherent problem of a traditional SE method, we present a new general way that allows full automation of SE analyses for crystalline-phase semiconductors exhibiting complex absorption features. In particular, we have modified a scheme established in our previous study, which performs a non-linear SE fitting analysis only in a low energy region at the beginning, while the analyzed energy region is gradually expanded toward higher energy by incorporating addition optical transition peaks. In this study, we have further developed a unique analyzing-energy search algorithm, in which a proper analyzing-energy region is determined to incorporate the feature of a new transition peak. In the developed method, a drastic improvement over the previous simple approach has been confirmed for expressing complex dielectric functions consisting of sharp and broad absorption peaks. The proposed method (Delta M method) has been applied successfully to analyze perovskite-based crystalline samples, including hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) and chalcogenide perovskites (SrHfS3 and BaZrS3). In the automated analyses of these semiconductors, 7-8 transition peaks are introduced automatically to describe sample dielectric functions, while structural parameters, such as thin-film and roughness thicknesses, are also determined simultaneously. The established method can drastically reduce an analysis time to a level that allows the automatic inspection of daily varying material optical properties and expands the application area of spectroscopic ellipsometry considerably.
Heat transfer coefficient in a shallow fluidized bed heat exchanger with a continuous flow of solid particles (2006)

This work shows the experimental study of a continuous gas-solid fluidized bed with an immersed tube where cold water is heated by fluidized solid particles presenting inlet temperature from 450 to 700°C. Experiments were carried out in order to verify the influence of solid particle flow rate and distance between baffles immersed in a shallow fluidized bed. The solid material was 254µm diameter silica sand particles, fluidized by air in a 0.90m long and 0.15m wide heat exchanger. The measurements were taken at steady state conditions for solid mass flow rate from 10 to 100 kg/h, in a heat exchanger with the presence of 5 or 8 baffles. Bed temperature measurements along the length of the heat exchanger were experimentally obtained and heat balances for differential control volumes of the heat exchanger were made in order to obtain the axial profile of the bed-to-tube heat transfer coefficient. The results showed that heat transfer coefficient increases with the solid particle mass flow rate and with the presence of baffles, suggesting that these are important factors to be considered in the design of such heat exchanger.
Parametrization of a silicon nanowire effective mass model from sp3d5s* orbital basis calculations (2009)

We parameterize a silicon nanowire effective mass model to facilitate device simulation, where the mass depends on the wire dimension. Parametrization is performed for n-channel silicon nanowire transistors from sp3d5s* atomic orbital basis tight-binding calculations. The nanowires used in this study are grown in ⟨1 0 0⟩ and ⟨1 1 0⟩ directions. With the parameterized nanowire effective masses, we then calculate the current and compare against the full band I–V. The full band I–V is calculated for ⟨1 1 0⟩ wires of cross sections 0.82 nm × 0.82 nm and 1.2 nm× 1.2 nm due to computational resource limitation. The full-band and effective-mass I–V characteristics of 1.2 nm × 1.2 nm wire show very good agreement. However, a relatively larger mismatch is observed for the 0.82 nm × 0.82 nm wire, especially at the lower gate biases. This is because the current has both the thermal and tunneling components, and the nanowire effective-mass model overestimates the tunneling current. This overestimation is relatively larger for thinner wires. The thermal component of current is the same in both the nanowire effective-mass and full-band models. The performance metrics, namely the intrinsic switching delay and the unity current gain frequency are evaluated from the full-band calculations. The device has a near ideal subthreshold slope, a fraction of picosecond switching delay and a tera Hertz unity current gain frequency.
CO2 Foam Field Pilot Test in Sandstone Reservoir: Complete Analysis of Foam Pilot Response (2018)

Abstract This paper summarizes the overall response from the CO2-foam injection in the Salt Creek field, Natrona County, Wyoming. Conformance control of CO2 by creating foam between supercritical CO2 and brine to improve the sweep efficiency is documented in this paper. The foam was implemented in an inverted fivespot pattern in the Salt Creek field where the second Wall Creek (WC2) sandstone formation is the primary producing interval, with a net thickness of about 80 ft and at a depth of approximately 2,200 ft. The initial phase of the foam pilot design involving identifying the pilot area, performing coreflood experiments, performaing dynamic reservoir simulation for history match, and forecasting with foam have been documented in the literature. As a part of the foam pilot monitoring, a gas tracer study was performed before and after the injection of foam in the reservoir. The initial planning, monitoring, and part of foam response is covered in earlier publications. The last surfactant injection in the field was in June 2016. This paper provides the complete analysis of the results from the foam pilot. The foam pilot was successful in demonstrating the deeper conformance control and improvement in sweep efficiency, which resulted in 25,000 bbl of incremental oil. Also overall, a 22% decrease in CO2 injection amount is realized due to better utilization of CO2 compared to the baseline.