gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System-Supporting Operation of Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stacks (2021)

Flexible, system-oriented operating strategies are becoming increasingly important in terms of achieving a climate-neutral energy system transformation. Solid-oxide electrolysis (SOEC) can play an important role in the production of green synthesis gas from renewable energy in the future. Therefore, it is important to investigate the extent to which SOEC can be used flexibly and which feedback effects and constraints must be taken into account. In this study, we derived a specific load profile from an energy turnaround scenario that supports the energy system. SOEC short-stacks were operated and we investigated the impact that the load profile has on electrical stack performance and stack degradation as well as the product gas composition by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The stacks could follow the grid-related requirement profiles of secondary control power and minute reserves very well with transition times of less than two minutes per 25% of relative power. Only short-term disturbances of the H2/CO ratio were observed during transitions due to the adjustment of feed gases. No elevated degradation effects resulting from flexible operation were apparent over 1300 h, although other causes of degradation were present.
Genetic analysis of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton ( G. hirsutum L.) (2019)

Abstract The evolution and domestication of cotton is of great interest from both economic and evolutionary standpoints. Although many genetic and genomic resources have been generated for cotton, the genetic underpinnings of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton remain poorly known. Here we generated an intraspecific QTL mapping population specifically targeting domesticated cotton phenotypes. We used 466 F 2 individuals derived from an intraspecific cross between the wild Gossypium hirsutum var. yucatanense (TX2094) and the elite cultivar G. hirsutum cv. Acala Maxxa, in two environments, to identify 120 QTL associated with phenotypic changes under domestication. While the number of QTL recovered in each subpopulation was similar, only 22 QTL were considered coincident (i.e., shared) between the two locations, eight of which shared peak markers. Although approximately half of QTL were located in the A-subgenome, many key fiber QTL were detected in the D-subgenome, which was derived from a species with unspinnable fiber. We found that many QTL are environment-specific, with few shared between the two environments, indicating that QTL associated with G. hirsutum domestication are genomically clustered but environmentally labile. Possible candidate genes were recovered and are discussed in the context of the phenotype. We conclude that the evolutionary forces that shape intraspecific divergence and domestication in cotton are complex, and that phenotypic transformations likely involved multiple interacting and environmentally responsive factors. Summary An F 2 population between wild and domesticated cotton was used to identify QTL associated with selection under domestication. Multiple traits characterizing domesticated cotton were evaluated, and candidate genes underlying QTL are described for all traits. QTL are unevenly distributed between subgenomes of the domesticated polyploid, with many fiber QTL located on the genome derived from the D parent, which does not have spinnable fiber, but a majority of QTL overall located on the A subgenome. QTL are many (120) and environmentally labile. These data, together with candidate gene analyses, suggest recruitment of many environmentally responsive factors during cotton domestication.
Development of protein biosensors using surface-imprinted silica-gold nanoshells (2016)

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Brief Report - Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Smearand Culture in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Prospective Study (2002)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bacteriological studies are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, as cytological appearances mimic other granulomatous lesions. The objective was to assess the diagnostic role of culture of fine needle aspiration done on clinically suspected cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis and to determine the prevalence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates. SETTING AND DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind study over a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fine needle aspiration cytology and culture were done on 250 patients with clinical suspicion of tuberculous lymphadenitis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data was statistically analysed using chi square test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratio were also calculated. RESULT: Of the 161 cytologically or microbiologically proven cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis, cytological changes consistent with tuberculosis were observed in 133 patients, out of which mycobacteria were isolated in 102 aspirates. Mycobacteria were also isolated from 28 aspirates cytologically missed as tuberculous lymphadenitis. Of the 130-mycobacterial isolates, 5 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Culture positivity was significantly higher (P&amp;lt;0.001) than smear positivity. Drug susceptibility studies showed resistance to one or more drugs in 61% of isolated strains with maximum resistance to isoniazid (16% primary and 48% secondary) and minimum to ethambutol (4% primary and 12% secondary). CONCLUSION: Culture for mycobacteria should be carried out on all aspirates from patients suspected with tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Development of the terahertz bow-tie diodes of AlGaN/GaN-heterostructures with high mobility 2DEG (2017)

The bow-tie (BT) diodes with broken symmetry for room temperature terahertz detection were developed of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The performance of new THz detectors was obtained at 0.3 THz frequency and compared with the most sensitive InGaAs-based BT diodes of the same design. Our experiments at sub-THz frequency revealed the potential of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based BT diodes as sensitive and reliable room temperature THz sensors.
Rate Estimation, Using Forward Adaptive Quantization: H.264 Fast Intra Mode Selection at High Data Rates (2007)

This paper presents a fast method to estimate the required bits to encode a block of video data. The proposed method uses forward adaptive quantization (which uses the current sample information, not available at the decoder, to scale the sample value before and after quantization) to estimate the actual rate-distortion cost. Rate estimation has many applications in the art of video coding, where a coding decision should be made based on the optimality of a rate-distortion pair. As an example this method has been considered for fast rate-distortion optimized mode selection within H.264/AVC video coding standard. It is shown that, compared to other rate estimation methods, the proposed method more accurately predicts the optimal mode identical to the one chosen by a Lagrangian cost function based on the actual rate and distortion. The computational complexity of forward quantization is much lower than that of conventional entropy coders which makes it possible to perform the motion estimation with rate-distortion criterion as opposed to simple sum of absolute values of residual signal, which increases the efficiency of predictive coding.
Effect of home-based virtual reality-augmented exercise therapy (2016)

Introduction
After injury of the adult brain or spinal cord, functional recovery is reduced as severed axons are restricted in their capacity to spontaneously regenerate, and compensatory fibre growth is limited. Key factors influencing successful rehabilitation and functional recovery include variety in training, intensive movement repetition and a motivating training environment. Technologies which can provide all of these features, independent of the patient’s location, may thus provide significant benefits for rehabilitation. We hypothesize that home-based and unsupervised virtual reality (VR)-augmented neurorehabilitation training should be feasible with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) patients and improve motor functions (e.g. mobility - transfer ability, strength, balance).

Methods
For our study we use a prototype of a mobile lower limb VR training system (YouKicker®) combining action observation and execution using motivating training scenarios. Patients using YouKicker control virtual representations of their legs and feet designed to facilitate observation of goal-directed actions presumed to activate overlapping cortical networks. Clinically relevant movements are trained in different scenarios, as specified in design discussions with therapists. We have previously tested a stationary version of the system on iSCI patients and found significant improvements in lower limb function (Villiger et al., 2013, 2015). 
Ten subjects with iSCI completed a home-based training with a VR device during four weeks. Before and after training, mobility (clinical outcomes) and gait quality (kinematic outcomes) were assessed.

Results
Results revealed that subjects with iSCI performed significantly better in (a) functional mobility combined with balance and lower limb muscle strength and in (b) gait quality, i.e. gait parameters, foot dorsiflexion and intralimb coordination.

Discussion
Following iSCI training with a home-based VR training device without supervision can induce positive training effects, comparable to the stationary training device (Villiger et al., 2013, 2015), and might be used as a neurorehabilitation tool.

References
- Villiger M, Bohli D, Kiper D, Pyk P, Spillmann J, Meilick B, Curt A, Hepp-Reymond MC, Hotz-Boendermaker S and Eng K. (2013). Virtual reality-augmented neurorehabilitation improves motor function and reduces neuropathic pain in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 27, 675-83.
- Villiger M, Grabher P, Hepp-Reymond MC, Kiper D, Curt A, Bolliger M, Hotz-Boendermaker S, Kollias S, Eng K and Freund P. (2015). Relationship between structural brainstem and brain plasticity and lower-limb training in spinal cord injury: a longitudinal pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci, 9:254.
Skin microneedling for acne scars associated with pigmentation in patients with dark skin (2018)

Microneedling is an effective treatment for both acne scars and associated pigmentation in patients with dark skin color. The treatment appears to be safe apart from transient redness, mild dryness, and small hematomas, however additional treatments may be needed in some patients to achieve more improvement in pigmentation.
The Simulation, Implementation and Analysis of the Miller Cycle Using an Inlet Control Rotary Valve (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the application of a variable-phase I.C.R.V. to a modern 4-valve automotive engine with electronic fuel injection and lambda feedback control. Some of the difficulties associated with applying an I.C.R.V. to this kind of engine are discussed. Performance and emissions data are presented for both the baseline (throttled) and I.C.R.V. configurations, and the data compared with predictions from a computer simulation.&lt;/div&gt;
Regulation of Oxidative Stress by the Anti-aging Hormone Klotho*♦ (2005)

klotho is an aging suppressor gene and extends life span when overexpressed in mice. Klotho protein was recently demonstrated to function as a hormone that inhibits insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling. Here we show that Klotho protein increases resistance to oxidative stress at the cellular and organismal level in mammals. Klotho protein activates the FoxO forkhead transcription factors that are negatively regulated by insulin/IGF-1 signaling, thereby inducing expression of manganese superoxide dismutase. This in turn facilitates removal of reactive oxygen species and confers oxidative stress resistance. Thus, Klotho-induced inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress, which potentially contributes to the anti-aging properties of klotho.
The Need for Physiologically Relevant Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR-&#947;) Ligands (2013)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear transcription factor which is involved in the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes in vitro. PPAR-γ also plays a pivotal role in inflammation and macrophage activation. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a condition in which an individual's ability to respond to insulin is lowered, is treated by drugs called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) that are known to activated PPAR-γ, thus augmenting insulin signaling and glucose uptake by adipose tissue. Unfortunately, these otherwise effective drugs are responsible for side effects such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The ligand-binding ability of PPAR-γ is different from other nuclear receptors since it can bind to a wide variety of ligands. Although a number of compounds have been shown to activate PPAR-γ, knowledge of its endogenous ligands and their physiological functions is lacking. The known ligands were either ambiguous or found to produce ill effects in vivo. In this review we discuss the structure and functions of PPAR-γ, ligands discovered so far, and focus on the importance of identification of physiologically relevant endogenous ligands.
SPITZERANDz′ SECONDARY ECLIPSE OBSERVATIONS OF THE HIGHLY IRRADIATED TRANSITING BROWN DWARF KELT-1b (2014)

We present secondary eclipse observations of the highly irradiated transiting brown dwarf KELT-1b. These observations represent the first constraints on the atmospheric dynamics of a highly irradiated brown dwarf, the atmospheres of irradiated giant planets at high surface gravity, and the atmospheres of brown dwarfs that are dominated by external, rather than internal, energy. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we measure secondary eclipse depths of 0.195% ± 0.010% at 3.6 μm and 0.200% ± 0.012% at 4.5 μm. We also find tentative evidence for the secondary eclipse in the z' band with a depth of 0.049% ± 0.023%. These measured eclipse depths are most consistent with an atmosphere model in which there is a strong substellar hotspot, implying that heat redistribution in the atmosphere of KELT-1b is low. While models with a more mild hotspot or even with dayside heat redistribution are only marginally disfavored, models with complete heat redistribution are strongly ruled out. The eclipse depths also prefer an atmosphere with no TiO inversion layer, although a model with TiO inversion is permitted in the dayside heat redistribution case, and we consider the possibility of a day-night TiO cold trap in this object. For the first time, we compare the IRAC colors of brown dwarfs and hot Jupiters as a function of effective temperature. Importantly, our measurements reveal that KELT-1b has a [3.6] – [4.5] color of 0.07 ± 0.11, identical to that of isolated brown dwarfs of similarly high temperature. In contrast, hot Jupiters generally show redder [3.6] – [4.5] colors of ~0.4, with a very large range from ~0 to ~1. Evidently, despite being more similar to hot Jupiters than to isolated brown dwarfs in terms of external forcing of the atmosphere by stellar insolation, KELT-1b appears to have an atmosphere most like that of other brown dwarfs. This suggests that surface gravity is very important in controlling the atmospheric systems of substellar mass bodies.
Trends in Thyroid Surgery and Guideline-Concordant Care in the United States, 2007–2018 (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The American Thyroid Association (ATA) published the 2015 Management Guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer, recommending a shift to less aggressive diagnostic, surgical, and postoperative treatment strategies. At the same time and perhaps related to the new guidelines, there has been a shift to outpatient thyroid surgery. The aim of the current study was to assess physician adherence to these recommendations by identifying and quantifying temporal trends in the rates and indications for thyroid procedures in the inpatient and outpatient settings. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using the IBM<sup>®</sup> MarketScan<sup>®</sup> Commercial database, we identified employer-insured patients in the United States who underwent outpatient and inpatient thyroid surgery from 2007 to 2018. Thyroid surgery was classified as total thyroidectomy (TT), thyroid lobectomy (TL), or a completion thyroidectomy. The surgical indication diagnosis was also determined and classified as either benign or malignant thyroid disease. We compared outpatient and inpatient trends in surgery between benign and malignant thyroid disease both before and after the release of the 2015 ATA guidelines. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 220,088 patients who underwent thyroid surgery were included in the analysis. Approximately 80% of TLs were performed in the outpatient setting versus 70% of TTs. Longitudinal analysis showed a statistically significant changepoint for TT proportion occurring in November 2015. The proportion of TT as compared with TL decreased from 80% in September 2015 to 39% by December 2018. For thyroid cancer, there is an increasing trend in performing TL over TT, increasing from 17% in 2015 to 28% by the end of 2018. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There was a significant changepoint occurring in November 2015 in the operative and management trends for benign and malignant thyroid disease.
Thin‐Layer Chromatography (2008)

TLC is used extensively in nucleic acid chemistry to monitor the progress of chemical reactions, to assay fractions collected from a larger chromatographic separation (e.g., column chromatography), and to determine optimal conditions prior to column chromatography. This unit describes methods for spotting test compounds onto a TLC plate, developing the plate in a suitable solvent system, visualizing the results, and calculating the retention factor (R(f)). Candidate compounds can be co-spotted for identification without relying on R(f) values.
Control over the Geometric Shapes and Mechanical Properties of Uniform Platelets via Tunable Two-Dimensional Living Self-Assembly (2023)

It remains unexplored how the living self-assembly of small molecules can gain control over the geometric shapes and mechanical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) platelets fabricated therefrom. Herein, we report a tunable 2D living self-assembly method to control the geometric shape variety and mechanical properties of the resulting uniform 2D platelets. This new approach of using n-alkyl alcohols to connect a donor–acceptor (D–A) molecule into a 2D network via hydrogen bonding has a threefold effect on the formed 2D platelets. First, the intralayer molecular packing involving continuous hydrogen bonds between a D–A fluorophore and alcohols remains unaltered, thereby yielding the same optical properties and thermal stability to various 2D platelets. Second, the kinetic growth differentiation of the D–A fluorophore and alcohol in two dimensions depends on the interaction competition of alcohol with the D–A fluorophore against hexane (a poor solvent), engendering the alcohol-dependent 2D shape variety. Third, the interlayer interactions along the thickness of the platelet can be effectively modulated by the alcohol tails with different lengths that stretch out of each bilayer, thereby varying the mechanical properties of the 2D platelets, for which Young’s moduli and hardnesses decrease significantly with the increasing tail length of the alcohols.
Adenovirus (2016)

Adenoviruses are non-enveloped, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans (1 , 2). To date, 67 immunologically distinct serotypes of adenoviruses have been described and further classified into one of seven (A–G) species based on hemagglutinin properties, DNA homology, oncogenic potential in rodents, and clinical disease (see Table 1)(1 , 3 – 6).
Power aware microarchitecture resource scaling (2001)

In this paper we present a strategy for run-time profiling to optimize the configuration of a microprocessor dynamically so as to save power with minimum performance penalty. The configuration of the processor changes according to the parallelism in the running program. Experiments on some benchmark programs show good savings in total energy consumption; we have observed a decrease of up to 23% in energy/cycle and up to 8% in energy per instruction. Our proposed approach can be used for energy-aware computing in either portable applications or in desktop environments where power density is becoming a concern. This approach can also be incorporated in larger power management strategies like ACPI.
Synergy at work: linking the metabolism of two lactic acid bacteria to achieve superior production of 2-butanol (2020)

Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to link the metabolism of two bacteria to achieve redox-balanced production of 2-butanol. Using a simple co-cultivation setup, we achieved the highest titer and yield from glucose in a single fermentation step ever reported. The data highlight the potential that lies in harnessing microbial synergies for producing valuable compounds.
A Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Is Essential for the Basolateral Localization of Mutants of the Human Nerve Growth Factor Receptor in Madin- Darby Canine Kidney Cells (1995)

Deletion of 58 internal amino acids from the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of p75 human nerve growth factor receptor (hNGFR) changes its localization from apical to basolateral in transfected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells (Le Bivic, A., Sambuy, Y., Patzak, A., Patil, N., Chao, M., and Rodriguez-Boulan, E. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 115, 607-618). The mutant protein, PS-NGFR, also shows a dramatic increase in its ability to endocytose NGF and to recycle through basolateral endosomes. We report here the site-directed mutagenesis analysis of PS-NGFR to localize and characterize its basolateral and endocytic sorting signals. Both signals reside in the proximal part of the PS cytoplasmic tail, between positions 306 and 314. Transferring the cytoplasmic tail (19 residues) and transmembrane domain of a truncated PS mutant to the ectodomain of the placental alkaline phosphatase, an apical glypiated ectoenzyme, redirected it to the basolateral membrane and the endocytic compartments. A tyrosine at position 308, present in this short cytoplasmic segment, was mutated into phenylalanine or alanine. The resulting mutants were expressed predominantly on the apical membrane of MDCK cells. Their ability to endocytose NGF was reduced with the alanine mutant showing the stronger diminution. The PS mutant contains a short cytoplasmic sequence necessary both for basolateral targeting and endocytosis, and the requirement for tyrosine at position 308 is crucial for basolateral targeting.