gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Induction of Cytokine mRNA and Protein in Mice by the Radioprotectant Steroid 5-Androstenediol. (2004)

Abstract We previously showed 5-androstenediol (5-AED) injected sc enhanced survival in mice exposed to whole-body gamma-irradiation, ameliorated radiation-induced neutropenia in mice, dogs, and monkeys, and induced increases in bone marrow GM-CFC in irradiated mice. Radiation-induced decreases in platelets, natural killer cells, red blood cells, and monocytes were also blunted by the steroid. Administration of 5-AED caused functional activation of circulating granulocytes (phagocytic ability), monocytes (oxidative burst), and natural killer cells (surface CD11b expression). To test our hypothesis that 5-AED acts via initiation of a cytokine cascade in hematopoietic tissue, we performed real time quantitative PCR on spleen samples taken from mice and correlated the results with serum ELISA. PCR was performed for mRNAs of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IFNg. Spleens and serum were taken at 3 time points: 4 h after 5-AED or vehicle (PEG-400) injection, and 4 or 24 h after irradiation (7.5 Gy whole-body gamma) or sham-irradiation. Each group contained 5 mice. Results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA for PCR results 4 and 24 h after irradiation, and by a t-test 4 h after injection. Radiation alone induced increases in mRNAs for all cytokines at both 4 and 24 h, except for IFNg, which was not elevated at 4 h. 5-AED alone did not induce a significant increase for any cytokine, but the increases bordered on significance for IL-12 at 4 h after irradiation or sham-irradiation (28 h after injection, p = 0.07), and for GM-CSF 24 h after irradiation or sham-irradiation (48 h after injection, p = 0.08). There was a significant positive interaction between radiation and 5-AED for IL-6, 4 h after irradiation (p = 0.006). The interaction effect bordered on significance for IL-12 4 h after irradiation (p = 0.07) and for GM-CSF 24 h after irradiation (p = 0.10). ELISA for serum cytokine protein was measured for G-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12. Results were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test for exact p-values. IL-6 was not detected in serum. G-CSF was detected 4 and 24 h after irradiation or sham-irradiation only in 5-AED-treated mice. IL-10 and IL-12 were detected only 24 h after irradiation, and the values in 5-AED-treated mice were significantly higher than those in vehicle-treated mice (p = 0.02). The results support our hypothesis that the previously observed increases in numbers of circulating innate immune cells and platelets, and functional activation of granulocytes, monocytes, and NK cells, result from a cytokine cascade induced by 5-AED.
A Hierarchy of Evolution Programs: An Experimental Study (1993)

In this paper we present the concept of evolution programs and discuss a hierarchy of such programs for a particular problem. We argue that (for a particular problem) stronger evolution programs (in terms of the problem-specific knowledge incorporated in the system) should perform better than weaker ones. This hypothesis is based on a number of experiments and a simple intuition that problem-specific knowledge enhances an algorithm's performance; at the same time it narrows the applicability of an algorithm. Trade-offs between the effort of finding an effective representation for general-purpose evolution programs and the effort of developing more specialized systems are also discussed.
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma-type PTLD after solid organ transplantation in children: a report on 17 patients treated according to subsequent GPOH-HD treatment schedules (2016)

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a severe complication after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Classical Hodgkin lymphoma-type (HL-) PTLD is a rare subtype, and systematic data on treatment and prognosis are lacking. We report on 17 pediatric patients with classical HL-PTLD. HL-PTLD developed late at a median of 8.1 years after SOT. It was commonly EBV-positive (16/17) and expressed both CD30 (all tumors) and CD20 (8/17 tumors). Patients were treated with chemotherapy +/- involved field radiotherapy (IF-RT) according to the respective GPOH-HD protocol tailored by stage and LDH. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 86% with 81% of patients surviving event-free. Six patients had additional rituximab treatment; in two it was given as upfront monotherapy and in four was given concurrently with their chemotherapy. Rituximab monotherapy did not lead to long-term remission. In conclusion, treatment of HL-PTLD with classical HL chemotherapy is effective and tolerable. New treatment modalities such as CD30-targeted or EBV-specific agents may diminish toxicity.
Multicenter Randomized Trial of Fluconazole versus Amphotericin B for Treatment of Candidemia in Non-Neutropenic Patients (2005)

A randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of fluconazole versus that of amphotericin B in the treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic adults. Enrollment was stratified by disease severity (APACHE II score). Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive amphotericin B 0.6 mg/kg/day (cumulative dose 8 mg/kg) or fluconazole 800 mg intravenous loading dose, then 400 mg daily for four weeks (intravenous for at least 10 days). Patients were monitored for six months. A total of 106 patients were enrolled. A protocol amendment implemented midway through the trial required patients to be removed from the study and treated with amphotericin B if species identification indicated candidemia due to Candida glabrata or Candida krusei. Baseline characteristics were similar for the two groups; 103 patients (fluconazole, 50; amphotericin B, 53) met the major enrollment criteria. The intention-to-treat analysis indicated successful therapy in 50% of fluconazole recipients compared to 58% of the amphotericin B group (p = 0.39; one-sided 95% CI, 8 to 24%). The efficacy analysis included 84 patients (fluconazole, 42; amphotericin B, 42); successful outcomes were observed in 57% and 62% of cases in the fluconazole and amphotericin B groups, respectively (p = 0.66: one-sided 95% CI, 12 to 22%). The mortality at day 14 for the fluconazole group was 26% and for the amphotericin B group 21% (p = 0.52; chi-square test) and remained similar throughout the course of follow-up. Drug-related adverse events were more frequent with amphotericin B than with fluconazole and prompted switching of therapy for two (4%) and zero cases, respectively. Fluconazole and amphotericin B were associated with similar clinical response rates and survival in the treatment of candidemia among non-neutropenic patients; however, drug-related adverse events were more frequent with amphotericin B.
Integrating Medication and Health Monitoring Systems (2008)

Current Health Care Providers (Medical Practitioners, Insurance, Pharmacies) have disjointed proprietary systems. This makes data sharing and collaboration very difficult. Further consumers (Patients) have no abilities to interact directly with these systems. This paper discusses an eco system for patient medication and health monitoring named PMHMS (Patient Medication and Health Monitoring System). PMHMS proposes global and ongoing collaboration of data between the patient, various Medical Practitioners and pharmacies. Existence of this eco system helps enable some of the following scenarios - Medical Practitioners can view the patients current medication (from other Medical Practitioners as well) to ensure current prescription will not conflict with other medication - Medical Practitioner’s office can monitor if chronic patient is skipping medication (e.g.: no refills ordered). Medical Practitioner’s office can also monitor patients stats (patient uses PC to upload say blood sugar levels, or blood pressure etc) - Pharmacies will be able to automatically send refills to the patients - Patients can get a quick offsite consultation from the Medical Practitioner’s office (using video conferencing to show some visual symptoms as needed by the Medical Practitioner) - Patients get Automated Dosage Reminders
Insights into Electrocatalytic Surface Chemistry Via Operando Spectroscopy, Spectrometry and Stress Measurements (2022)

On the verge of harnessing CO 2 as a building block for carbon-based fuels, electrocatalysis stands uniquely poised to revolutionize the chemical industry through renewable electrification. For this vision to become reality operando measurement techniques must be applied to study phenomena at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Understanding the dynamic interaction between ionic species in the electrolyte, active sites and intermediates is paramount for the systematic advancement in chemical reactivity, durability, and selectivity required to become commercially relevant. I will demonstrate a suite of operando techniques, such as shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy ( Figure 1a ), mass spectrometry ( Figure 1a ), and cantilever curvature measurements ( Figure 1b ), that enable direct measurement of adsorbates, phase state and stress dynamics, respectively, at the electrode interface. The combination of results from these measurements enables quantification of sub-monolayer coverages of surfaces species as well as coverage vs stress relationships providing the capability to effectively tune properties of the electrode surface. Complimentary use of these techniques to comprehensively study chemical reactions at heterogeneous interfaces provides new insights into atomic events critical for sustainable electrification to be realized. Figure Caption: ( a ) Identification of surface hydride on Cu(111) via complementary operando Raman and online mass spectrometry measurements and (b) cantilever curvature measurements combined with DFT calculations reveal the mechanism behind compressive stress due to CO adsorption. Figure 1
Defect-Induced Near-Infrared Photoluminescence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Treated with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (2017)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been incorporated in many emerging applications in the biomedical field including chemical sensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. To overcome inherent hydrophobicity and improve their biocompatibility, pristine SWCNTs are often coated with surfactants, polymers, DNA, proteins, or lipids. In this paper, we report the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on SWCNT photoluminescence. A decrease in the SWCNT bandgap emission (E<sub>11</sub>) and a new red-shifted emission (E<sub>11</sub><sup>-</sup>) were observed in the presence of PUFAs. We attribute the change in SWCNT photoluminescence to the formation of oxygen-containing defects by lipid hydroperoxides through photo-oxidation. The observed changes in near-infrared emission of SWCNTs are important for understanding the interaction between SWCNTs and lipid biocorona. Our results also indicate that photoexcited SWCNTs can catalyze lipid peroxidation similarly to lipoxygenases.
Enzyme characterization and utilization (1997)

Regulation and Characterization: A.B.R. Thomson, A. De Pover, M. Keelan, E. Jarocka-Cyrta, and M.T. Clandinin, Inhibition of Lipid Absorption as an Approach to the Treatment of Obesity: An Overview. C. Holm, D. Langin, V. Manganiello, P. Belfrage, and E. Degerman, Regulation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Activity in Adipose Tissue. D.Y. Hui, Use of Gene Knockout Mice to Establish Lipase Function. R. Zolfaghari, R. Shamir, and E.A. Fisher, Properties of Pancreatic Carboxyl Ester Lipase in mRNA-Injected Xenopus Oocytes and Transfected Mammalian Hepatic and Intestinal Cells. G. Olivecrona and A. Lookene, Noncatalytic Functions of Lipoprotein Lipase. E.H. Harrison and E.S. Kempner, Radiation Inactivation Studies of Hepatic Cholesteryl Ester Hydrolases. M. Aoubala, I. Douchet, S. Bezzine, M. Hirn, R. Verger, and A. De Caro, Immunological Techniques for the Characterization of Digestive Lipases. Substrate and Inhibitor Characterization: D.M. Small, Physical Behavior of Lipase Substrates. T. Hongel, K. Jorgensen, D. Stokes, R.L. Biltonen, and O.G. Mouritsen, Phospholipase A2 Activity and Physical Properties of Lipid-Bilayer Substrates. S. Ransac, Y. Gargouri, F. Marguet, G. Buono, C. Beglinger, P. Hildebrand, H. Lengsfeld, P. Hadvary, and R. Verger, Covalent Inactivation of Lipases. S.R. Feaster and D.M Quinn, Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of Mammalian Cholesterol Esterase. L. Haalck and F. Spener, On the Inhibition of Microbial Lipases by Tetrahydrolipstatin. S. Ransac, M. Ivanova, R. Verger, and I. Panaiotov, Monolayer Techniques for Studying Lipase Kinetics. W.E. Momsen and H.L. Brockman, Recovery of Monomolecular Files in Studies of Lipolysis. S. Labourdenne, A. Cagna, B. Delorme, G. Esposito, R. Verger, and C. Riviere, Oil-Drop Tensiometer: Applications for Studying the Kinetics of Lipase Action. F. Ferrato, F. Carriere, L. Sarda, and R. Verger, A Critical Reevaluation of the Phenomenon of Interfacial Activation. Biocatalytic Utility: U. Ader, P. Andersch, M. Berger, U. Goergens, B. Haase, J. Hermann, K. Laumen, R. Seemayer, C. Waldinger, and M.P. Schneider, Screening Techniques for Lipase Catalyst Selection. K. Hult and M. Holmquist, Kinetics, Molecular Modeling, and Synthetic Applications with Microbial Lipases. P. Andersch, M. Berger, J. Hermann, K. Laumen, M. Lobell, R. Seemayer, C. Waldinger, and M.P. Schneider, Ester Synthesis via AcylTransfer Transesterification. J.J. Lalonde, M.A. Navia, and A.L. Margolin, Cross-Linked Enzyme Crystals of Lipases as Catalysts for Kinetic Resolution of Acids and Alcohols. G.A. Hutcheon, P.J. Halling, and B.D. Moore, Measurement and Control of Hydration in Nonaqueous Biocatalysis. T. Anthonsen and J.A. Jongejan, Solvent Effect in Lipase-Catalyzed Racemate Resolution. E. Cernia and C. Palocci, Lipases in Supercritical Fluids. H. K.Weber and K. Faber, Stabilization of Lipases against Deactivation of Acetaldehyde Formed in Acyl Transfer Reactions. Author Index. Subject Index.
Serum acetylcholinesterase decline predicts major adverse cardiac events following coronary angiography (2013)

Background: Markers of the parasympathetic activity may predict the long-term outcome of patients with cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanism(s) linking between potentiated parasympathetic activity and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and all-cause mortality are incompletely understood. Objective: To evaluate the predictive power of serum Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Cholinergic Status (CS, the total capacity for acetylcholine hydrolysis) as measures of parasympathetic functioning in predicting MACE in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary angiography. Materials and methods: AChE, total CS and 1-year outcome were quantified in randomly selected 2 groups of 100 patients with positive and negative outcome of MACE, respectively, referred for coronary angiography (mean age 67.9±12.2) and association between them was analyzed using Cox regression models, adjusting for potential clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory confounders. Results: CS values were higher whereas AChE values were lower than reported levels in all patients, albeit to different extents. Furthermore, after controlling for all the above-mentioned risk factors, patients with either AChE or total CS values below median showed elevated risk for MACE (HR=1.85 (CI 95% 1.09-3.15, p=0.02) and 2.21 (CI 95% 1.22-4.00, p=0.009) respectively) compared to those above median. Conclusion: Declined serum cholinesterase activities reflect a drastic decrease in AChE and partially compensating increase in CS which together predict 1-year major cardiovascular outcome even after adjusting for potential clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory confounders,
Long-Term Motor Learning in Focal Hand Dystonia (FHD) (P4.321) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To show that patients with FHD have abnormal sequential motor learning compared with healthy volunteers (HV) in the unaffected hand. BACKGROUND:Abnormal cortical plasticity might play a role in the pathophysiology of FHD. Studies suggest patients with unilateral FHD also have functional abnormality in bilateral primary motor cortices. Short-term sequential motor acquisition in unaffected DYT1 carriers showed abnormality. Here we assess short and long-term sequential motor learning in the unaffected hands of FHD compared with HV. DESIGN/METHODS:Eight right handed patients with right-side FHD and age and handed-matched HV learned a sequence of 8 key presses with the left hand, practicing 15 minutes every day. Sequence error rates (SER) were compared between 2 groups over a 12 week period (15 visits). A dual task was used to assess automaticity of motor learning. Variability in the inter-tap interval (Var-ITI) was also measured. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to analyze the result of SER, dual task, and Var-ITI; the general linear model included GROUP (HV vs. FHD), TIME (visit), a within-subject factor, and interaction between GROUP and TIME. RESULTS:The average age of FHD and HV were 54+12 and 53+11 years, respectively. Eight FHD (5 males) and 8 HV (4 males) completed the study. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the SER differed significantly in GROUP effect (df=1, p=0.0137) and TIME effect (df=14, p<0.0001), however the interaction effect was not significantly different (df=14, p=0.3423). For dual task,and Var-ITI, TIME effect was significantly different (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively), but neither GROUP nor interaction effect was significantly different (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Overall accuracy of sequential motor performance in patients with FHD was significantly worse compared with HV. Surprisingly, the quality of sequential motor learning which was revealed by Var-ITI in FHD was similar compared with HV. Study Supported by: NINDS/NIH intramural program
Asymptotically Robust Communication Using An Orthogonal Codebook Over Energy-limited Channels (2005)

The authors consider a stationary discrete-time memoryless communication channel with a binary input alphabet and real-valued output. An orthogonal codebook with M words is constructed, for which the nonzero components of distinct codewords do not overlap. The block length of this code is M*N, where N is the number of degrees of freedom used per codeword. A class of asymptotically robust detectors is constructed among which is the quadratic functional. The reception of general stochastic signals in additive white Gaussian noise is considered. The optimum kernel of the quadratic functional is shown to be the resolvent kernel for the covariance function of the stochastic signal. The authors specialize to the coherent lightwave channel which presents both AWGN and Brownian phase noise. It is concluded that the (suboptimal) correlation kernel features the same functional dependency on the SNR (defined at the Brownian-phase linewidth) as does the optimal detector. For large SNR and long correlation time, the optimum kernel reduces to a time-invariant singly-resonant realizable filer, and thus facilitates a simple implementation. >
Influence of optical material properties on strong coupling in organic semiconductor based microcavities (2017)

The optical properties of organic semiconductors are generally characterised by a number of material specific parameters, including absorbance, photoluminescence quantum yield, Stokes shift, and molecular orientation. Here, we study four different organic semiconductors and compare their optical properties to the characteristics of the exciton-polaritons that are formed when these materials are introduced into metal-clad microcavities. We find that the strength of coupling between cavity photons and excitons is clearly correlated with the absorptivity of the material. In addition, we show that anisotropy strongly affects the characteristics of the formed exciton-polaritons.
Designing Multifunctional MOFs Using the Inorganic Motif [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-Pyz)] as an SBU and Their Properties (2018)

In a continuation of our interest in pyrazole-based multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), we report herein the construction of a series of Cu(II) MOFs using pyrazole and various 5-substituted isophthalic acids. The central theme is to generate MOFs using the crystal engineering strategy of spacer and node; however, for the node we have introduced a well-known inorganic motif, a [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-Pyz)3] unit. The appearance of the SBU in five MOFs confirms the robustness and reproducibility of the motif with some interesting structures of various dimensionality ranging from 1D helical and 2D herringbone grid to a complex 3D framework. The deployment of bent acids brings chirality via helicity in the system, as further confirmed by solid-state CD spectra. A detailed investigation of the porous MOFs reveals their importance as zeolite analogues for environment remediation. MOF-1–MOF-5 show some interesting photodegradation of harmful organic dyes. MOF-4 and MOF-5 show impressive selective CO2 gas sorption properties. Furthermore, magnetic properties associated with the trinuclear and hexanuclear SBUs of MOF-1 and MOF-3–MOF-5 have also been investigated.
Intensity–intensity correlations determined by dimension of quantum state in phase space:P-distribution (2015)

We use the P-distribution to show that the familiar values 1, 2 and 3 of the normalized second order correlation function at equal times corresponding to a coherent state, a thermal state and a highly squeezed vacuum are a consequence of the number of dimensions these states take up in quantum phase space. Whereas the thermal state exhibits rotational symmetry and thus extends over two dimensions, the squeezed vacuum factorizes into two independent one-dimensional phase space variables, and in the limit of large squeezing is therefore a one-dimensional object. The coherent state is a point in the phase space of the P-distribution and thus has zero dimensions. The fact that for photon number states the P-distribution is even narrower than that of the zero-dimensional coherent state suggests the notion of ‘negative’ dimensions.
Enriching Animation Databases (2004)

The paper presents a framework for enriching an existing basic animation databse by modifying existing motions to generate a variety of new motions. Intuitively controlled motion varities are generated on demand which reduces the storage requirements, avoids recapturing missing variations, and provides greater flexibility and utilisation of existing clips. An improved root-trajectory blending is introduced that overcomes the limitations of ordinary blending (including flipping of the root trajectory when blending motions of opposite path-curvature or opposite directions). A novel synchronised mirror technique is also introduced.