gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Models of Steatosis (2001)

The lipid content of hepatocytes is regulated by the integrated activities of cellular enzymes that catalyze lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation, and export. When "input" of fats into these systems (either because of increased fatty acid delivery, hepatic fatty acid uptake, or fatty acid synthesis) exceeds the capacity for fatty acid oxidation or export (i.e., "output"), then hepatic steatosis occurs. Genetic causes of increased fatty acid input promote excessive hepatic lipogenesis. These include mutations that cause leptin deficiency or leptin receptor inhibition and mutations that induce insulin, insulin-like growth factors, or insulin-responsive transcription factors. Genetic causes of impaired hepatic fatty acid oxidation inhibit the elimination (i.e., output) of fat from the liver. These include mutations that inhibit various components of the peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial pathways for fatty acid beta-oxidation. Environmental factors, such as diets and toxins, can also unbalance hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. Hepatic lipogenesis is increased by dietary sucrose, fructose, or fats and certain toxins, such as ethanol. Hepatic fatty acid oxidation is inhibited by choline- or methionine-deficient diets and other toxins, such as etomoxir. Animals with genetic or environmental induction of hepatic lipogenesis appear to be useful models for human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in which hyperinsulinemia and defective leptin signaling are conspicuous at early stages of the disease process.
The Future of Domestic Air Transport (1985)

In discussing the future, let us look briefly at the past; I began a direct association with air transport as a Director of Ansett Transport Industries Limited in 1972. Early in 1980 I assumed management responsibility as Joint Managing Director of AT1 Limited arid since then have been concerned with the direction, control and planning of the company's aviation activities. It is a considerable responsibility as Ansett performs more than half the Australian domestic transport task and must be committed to the provision of safe, effective and economic air services on a national scale, and at present provide them on an even-handed basis throughout the nation.
Effect of Variation Aluminum Oxide Concentration on the Modified Novolac Stalk Composite (2012)

Strength properties and water repellency of cotton stalk fibers esterified with propionic anhydride that are used as reinforcing of novolac resin were greatly improved than untreated. Adding aluminum oxide to the prepared composite improved bending strength and enhanced water repellant. The alternating current conductivity and dielectric constant were greatly enhanced at different frequencies by adding aluminum oxide. The more percent of aluminum oxide, the more value of alternating current conductivity and lower value of dielectric constant were obtained at different frequencies. Infrared and X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscope were studied.
Hierarchical Perceptual Noise Injection for Social Media Fingerprint Privacy Protection (2022)

Billions of people are sharing their daily life images on social media every day. However, their biometric information (e.g., fingerprint) could be easily stolen from these images. The threat of fingerprint leakage from social media raises a strong desire for anonymizing shared images while maintaining image qualities, since fingerprints act as a lifelong individual biometric password. To guard the fingerprint leakage, adversarial attack emerges as a solution by adding imperceptible perturbations on images. However, existing works are either weak in black-box transferability or appear unnatural. Motivated by visual perception hierarchy (i.e., high-level perception exploits model-shared semantics that transfer well across models while low-level perception extracts primitive stimulus and will cause high visual sensitivities given suspicious stimulus), we propose FingerSafe, a hierarchical perceptual protective noise injection framework to address the mentioned problems. For black-box transferability, we inject protective noises on fingerprint orientation field to perturb the model-shared high-level semantics (i.e., fingerprint ridges). Considering visual naturalness, we suppress the low-level local contrast stimulus by regularizing the response of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Our FingerSafe is the first to provide feasible fingerprint protection in both digital (up to 94.12%) and realistic scenarios (Twitter and Facebook, up to 68.75%). Our code can be found at https://github.com/nlsde-safety-team/FingerSafe.
Static grouping of small objects to enhance performance of a paged virtual memory (1984)

Smalltalk is an object-oriented, interactive programming environment that maintains state between user sessions. Because of the persistence of objects, it is possible to use program restructuring techniques to statically relocate objects in virtual memory. Grouping related objects on the same disk page increases locality of reference, reduces the number of page faults, and improves performance. Five types of static grouping algorithms along with the static analysis performed on their outputs, and empirical evidence of their performance, are presented.
Improving thermoelectric performance of caged compounds through light-element filling (2009)

Heavy elements filling have been considered the most effective way to improve the thermoelectric performance of caged compounds such as CoSb3 by reducing kL. Here, we show an opposite example of filling a light element, Na, into CoSb3 for obtaining high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT.ZT=1.25 at 850 K for Na0.48Co4Sb12 is one of the highest values among all reported single-element-filled CoSb3. The Na-filling scatters phonons less effectively but it results in relatively high mobility thus large power factor. This most likely comes from the extra electronic states near the Fermi level induced by Na.
Elucidation of inhibitory effects on metastatic sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer during One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (2018)

One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) is an established method for intraoperative diagnosis of breast cancer metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes, based on quantification of CK19 mRNA, specific to breast epithelial cells. Inhibitors interfere with the PCR amplification process of PCR. Thus, OSNA, based on gene amplification without RNA purification, might be impacted by numerous factors persisting in a sample, and thereby potentially acting as PCR inhibitors. However, neither the characteristics of breast cancers showing inhibitory effects during OSNA, nor any of the possible inhibitors, have as yet been identified. Inhibitory effects detected during OSNA in 72 metastatic lymph nodes and the patients' clinicopathological features were examined. Left-over OSNA samples were analyzed with mass spectrometry to identify proteins possibly acting as inhibitors. Most tumors showed inhibitory effects, though to varying degrees. Large tumor, young age and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts were related to stronger inhibitory effects. Proteome analysis revealed elevations in RPB9 protein and EIF2 signaling upregulation in samples showing strong inhibitory effects. Tumors showing strong inhibitory effects had clinically relevant characteristics, including large size and extensive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte involvement. Identifying inhibitors in OSNA might provide new insights into breast cancer biology as well as advancing the current technology.
Age of diagnosis influences serologic responses in children with Crohnʼs disease: A possible clue to etiology? (2008)

Compared to children 8-15 years of age at diagnosis, those 0-7 years are more likely to express anti-CBir1 but only half as likely to express ASCA. These age-associated differences in antimicrobial seropositivity suggest that there may be different, and as yet unrecognized, genetic, immunologic, and/or microbial factors leading to CD in the youngest children.
Zig Bee-Based Wireless Sensor Network Design of Irrigation Systems (2013)

For irrigated areas still follow the traditional irrigation, causing serious water wastage. In this paper, chip CC2530 Zig Bee wireless network as the core, development and design coordinator nodes, routing nodes and devices terminal node, complete the irrigated areas of intelligent water-saving irrigation control system for wireless sensor networks networking structures. Equipment terminal node is responsible for collecting soil moisture data, the data is sent directly through the route or to the coordinator node, the coordinator node for data aggregation and passed to the intelligent controller, through the intelligent controller to make an accurate judgment, the implementation of efficient water-saving intelligent irrigation.
Nucleic acids synthesis of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cultured embryonic cells of silkworm. (1976)

Embryos of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., were dispersed by trypsin and the dissociated cells were cultured for infection with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the silkworm. The monolayer and suspension cultures were infected with NPV. RNA and DNA syntheses in the normal and NPV-infected cells were measured by incorporation of 32P into RNA and DNA fractions. RNA and DNA syntheses in the cells after infection significantly increased over those in control cells (mock infection). The effects of actinomycin D, chloramphenicol and mitomycin C on RNA and DNA syntheses in infected cells were examined. The syntheses were inhibited by the antibiotics. It was suggested that the cellular DNA synthesis was inhibited by the viral infection, because the mitomycin C-resistant DNA synthesis was found in the normal cells but not in the infected cells treated with mitomycin C. The rate of DNA synthesis induced by NPV was immediately dropped to that of control cells by addition of chloramphenicol, while the RNA synthesis induced by NPV was not affected for 6 hr after the addition of chloramphenicol. If the antibiotic did not affect the size of precursor pools, this event suggested that the RNA polymerase concerned with viral RNA synthesis was more stable than the DNA polymerase participating in the viral DNA synthesis. The viral DNA as templates for RNA and DNA syntheses was decomposed by mitomycin C.
Supplementary Movie F from Tolerance of Whole-Genome Doubling Propagates Chromosomal Instability and Accelerates Cancer Genome Evolution (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MOV file 45K, Cell undergoing a normal mitosis followed by cell death in the daughter cell (see Supplementary Figure 4 for movie stills)&lt;/p&gt;
The Role of Biotin in Regulating 3-Methylcrotonyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Expression in Arabidopsis (2003)

As a catalytic cofactor, biotin has a critical role in the enzymological mechanism of a number of enzymes that are essential in both catabolic and anabolic metabolic processes. In this study we demonstrate that biotin has additional non-catalytic functions in regulating gene expression in plants, which are biotin autotrophic organisms. Biotin controls expression of the biotin-containing enzyme, methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase by modulating the transcriptional, translational and/or posttranslational regulation of the expression of this enzyme. The bio1 mutant of Arabidopsis, which is blocked in the de novo biosynthesis of biotin, was used to experimentally alter the biotin status of this organism. In response to the bio1-associated depletion of biotin, the normally biotinylated A-subunit of methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCase) accumulates in its inactive apo-form, and both MCCase subunits hyperaccumulate. This hyperaccumulation occurs because the translation of each subunit mRNA is enhanced and/or because the each protein subunit becomes more stable. In addition, biotin affects the accumulation of distinct charge isoforms of MCCase. In contrast, in response to metabolic signals arising from the alteration in the carbon status of the organism, biotin modulates the transcription of the MCCase genes. These experiments reveal that in addition to its catalytic role as an enzyme cofactor, biotin has multiple roles in regulating gene expression.
[Effects of rotating-table simulated "push-pull maneuver" on cerebral circulation function]. (2000)

This result implied that the push-pull maneuver increased the resistance of the cerebral vessels, which might be one of the mechanisms of the push-pull effect.
A Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting System With Parallel-SSHI Rectifier and Integrated Maximum-Power-Point Tracking (2019)

A piezoelectric energy-harvesting system, including a parallel-synchronized-switch harvesting-on-inductor (SSHI) rectifier and integrated maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT), is presented. The perturb & observe (P&O) algorithm is adopted for the MPPT of the parallel-SSHI rectifier. Furthermore, an output power evaluation algorithm for the P&O MPPT is proposed and its detailed implementation in the full analog domain is analyzed. Fabricated in 130-nm CMOS, measurement results show the piezoelectric harvesting system achieves a 417% energy-extraction improvement for the rectifier and a maximum 97% tracking efficiency for the MPPT, which makes the system achieve high energy-extraction improvement and MPPT efficiency simultaneously.
Soft Magnetic Properties of Super Sendust/Fe Multilayer Thin Films Prepared by the IBS Method (1994)

The magnetic alloy Super Sendust (SS(I)) has a high saturation magnetization and high permeability. This paper reports on the magnetic properties of SS(I)/Fe multilayer thin films prepared by the ion beam shuttering method. As-deposited SS(I)(130Å)/Fe(130Å) multilayer thin films have a saturation magnetization of 1350 emu/cc, a coercive force of 2.2 Oe, and an effective permeability of 700. Multilayer thin film annealed at 350°C in vacuum for one hour exhibits a low coercive force of 0.5 Oe and a high effective permeability of 1250. Based on experimental results in which the soft magnetic properties were improved by heat treatment, it seems that internal stress relaxation is caused by a decrease in the interplanar spacing.
Optimization of Relational Expressions Using A Logical Analogon (1983)

An expression applying to a relational database is optimized by mapping the expression upon set expressions which, in turn, are transformed into logical expressions. These logical expressions then are optimized, taking into account the constraints that are inherent in relational expressions and the costs of those expressions. Subsequently a reverse transformation to relational expressions is applied. The method is developed for the traditional relational operators and is applicable to a variety of cost criteria. Common subexpressions as well as redundant expressions are optimized. A new relational operation “split” is proposed that may be used effectively in an optimized expression. Results obtained with a model for the optimization method are presented.
Weighted hierarchical backoff algorithm for wireless ad hoc networks (2002)

This paper covers new backoff algorithms, which decrease collisions on the non-reserved broadcast packets in wireless ad-hoc networks. Control information broadcasts provide the understanding of the local neighborhood topology to achieve some necessary network mechanisms in the ad-hoc networking. However, the exponential backoff algorithm introduces collisions due to non-reservation characteristics of the broadcast messaging. We propose a hierarchical and weighted-hierarchical backoff algorithm to decrease the percentage of collisions. These new algorithms classify the stations in a distributed manner within their local neighborhood. Each classified station uses the some portion of the backoff window size, which is assigned to this hierarchical group of stations. A local neighborhood discovery procedure is also proposed for stations to advertise their number of logical connections within their local neighborhoods. The proposed backoff algorithms use this procedure to advertise the connection values.
Oligonucleotide therapeutics : Fourth annual meeting (2009)

Oligonucleotides modulate gene-specific expression within cells and can be used to identify genes involved in diseases. Continuing developments in oligonucleotide research have begun to unleash their potential as therapeutic agents. Contributions from basic researchers in molecular biology, cell biology, nucleic acid chemistry, pharmacology, and applied therapeutics present new technologies in the field of oligonucleotide research and are organized into sections focusing on small RNA-mediated gene silencing, miRNA, oligonucleotide chemistry and new technologies, delivery strategies, immunorecognition of nucleic acids, drug and therapeutic development, aptamers and other evolved systems, and preclinical models and clinical programs. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join. aspx for more information about becoming a member.
ELSMOREITE, CUBIC WO3{middle dot}0.5H2O, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM ELSMORE, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA (2005)

Nous decrivons la elsmoreite, WO 3 0.5H 2 O (IMA 2003-059), nouvelle espece minerale provenant du gisement d'etain de Elsmore, situe dans la region de Nouvelle-Angleterre du nord du Nouveau Pays de Galles, en Australie. Le nom est inspire de la localite. La elsmoreite se presente en amas microcristallins pulverulents blancs (eclat non observable) formes par oxydation de la ferberite dans des filons de pegmatite granitique contenant des mineraux de Sn, W, Mo et Bi, dans un hote de veines de greisen d'un massif de granite. Il s'agit d'un mineral cubique, groupe spatial Fd3m, ayant a 10.203(1) A, V 1062.1(2) A 3 , Z = 16; la densite, 6.025 g cm - 3 , est calculee a partir de la maille elementaire du materiau naturel et de sa formule ideale, WO 3 0.5H 2 O. La densite n'a pu etre mesuree directement. Les sept raies les plus intenses du spectre de diffraction X, methode des poudres [d en A(I)(hkl)] sont: 5.884(100)(111), 2.944(78)(222), 3.075(62)(311), 1.804(23)(440), 1.964(17)(511), 1.725(14)(531) et 1.538(14)(622). Le tungstene est le seul cation a etre decele par analyse a la microsonde electronique. Un resultat moyen de cinq analyses (W) de grains individuels et une determination thermogravimetrique de la teneur en H 2 O ont donne 96.0% WO 3 et 3.3% H 2 O, ce qui correspond a la formule WO 3 0.44H 2 O, fondee sur un atome de W, ou idealement W0 3 0.5H 2 O. La elsmoreite est identique a la phase synthetique cubique de la meme composition, dont la structure cristalline est connue. La structure est fondee sur celle du pyrochlore avec lacunes. Vue la granulometrie infime, nous avons du nous fier sur l'analogue synthetique pour obtenir les proprietes physiques et optiques. Les cristaux octaedriques microcristallins de WO 3 0.5H 2 O sont incolores avec une rayure blanche, translucides, avec un eclat adamantin et un indice de refraction tres eleve, 2.24 ′ 0.005 (lumiere blanche). Aucune luminescence n' a ete observee. L'indice de compatibilite, -0.164, indique une pietre concordance des donnees. La elsmoreite est cassante, sans clivage apparent, une fracture en esquilles, et une durete de Mohs d'environ 3. Les cristaux sont octaedriques, et macles selon la loi du spinelle. L'acide tungstique est etroitement lie a la ferritungstite, l'alumotungstite et la jixianite.
Automatic social role recognition in professional meetings using conditional random fields (2013)

Social roles characterize relation between participants in a conversation and, in turn, influence their interaction patterns.This paper investigates automatic social role recognition in professional meetings using a completely discriminative framework based on conditional random fields.We present a novel approach which combines information from multiple layers of data.The conversation layer models the influence of social roles on turn taking patterns of participants present in multiparty interactions.A conditional random field augmented with hidden state sequences is used to estimate the posterior distribution of social roles in this layer.The other novelty of our approach consists in modeling statistical dependencies between roles across adjacent segments of meeting.The posterior distribution estimated in conversation layer is combined with role transition information to improve the model.Experiments conducted on more than 40 hours of data reveal that the proposed approach reaches a recognition accuracy of 67% in classifying four social roles using information from conversation layer.Moreover, recognition accuracy increases to 70% when information from multiple layers is taken into consideration.
2. Methoden zum Messen und Regeln von Aufkohlungsatmosphären unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sauerstoffpotentials (1989)

Article 2. Methoden zum Messen und Regeln von Aufkohlungsatmosphären unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sauerstoffpotentials was published on September 1, 1989 in the journal HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials (volume 44, issue 5).
Directed deposition of silicon nanowires using neopentasilane as precursor and gold as catalyst (2012)

In this work the applicability of neopentasilane (Si(SiH(3))(4)) as a precursor for the formation of silicon nanowires by using gold nanoparticles as a catalyst has been explored. The growth proceeds via the formation of liquid gold/silicon alloy droplets, which excrete the silicon nanowires upon continued decomposition of the precursor. This mechanism determines the diameter of the Si nanowires. Different sources for the gold nanoparticles have been tested: the spontaneous dewetting of gold films, thermally annealed gold films, deposition of preformed gold nanoparticles, and the use of "liquid bright gold", a material historically used for the gilding of porcelain and glass. The latter does not only form gold nanoparticles when deposited as a thin film and thermally annealed, but can also be patterned by using UV irradiation, providing access to laterally structured layers of silicon nanowires.
Behavioral classification on the click graph (2008)

A bipartite query-URL graph, where an edge indicates that a document was clicked for a query, is a useful construct for finding groups of related queries and URLs. Here we use this behavior graph for classification. We choose a click graph sampled from two weeks of image search activity, and the task of "adult" filtering: identifying content in the graph that is inappropriate for minors. We show how to perform classification using random walks on this graph, and two methods for estimating classifier parameters.
A future-adaptive password scheme (1999)

Many authentication schemes depend on secret passwords. Unfortunately, the length and randomness of user-chosen passwords remain fixed over time. In contrast, hardware improvements constantly give attackers increasing computational power. As a result, password schemes such as the traditional UNIX user-authentication system are failing with time.

This paper discusses ways of building systems in which password security keeps up with hardware speeds. We formalize the properties desirable in a good password system, and show that the computational cost of any secure password scheme must increase as hardware improves. We present two algorithms with adaptable cost--eksblowfish, a block cipher with a purposefully expensive key schedule, and bcrypt, a related hash function. Failing a major breakthrough in complexity theory, these algorithms should allow password-based systems to adapt to hardware improvements and remain secure well into the future.