gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adversarial Propagation and Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer of Word Vector Specialization (2018)

Semantic \specialization is a process of fine-tuning pre-trained distributional word vectors using external lexical knowledge (e.g., WordNet) to accentuate a particular semantic relation in the specialized vector space. While post-processing specialization methods are applicable to arbitrary distributional vectors, they are limited to updating only the vectors of words occurring in external lexicons (i.e., seen words), leaving the vectors of all other words unchanged. We propose a novel approach to specializing the full distributional vocabulary. Our adversarial post-specialization method propagates the external lexical knowledge to the full distributional space. We exploit words seen in the resources as training examples for learning a global specialization function. This function is learned by combining a standard L2-distance loss with a adversarial loss: the adversarial component produces more realistic output vectors. We show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method across three languages and on three tasks: word similarity, dialog state tracking, and lexical simplification. We report consistent improvements over distributional word vectors and vectors specialized by other state-of-the-art specialization frameworks. Finally, we also propose a cross-lingual transfer method for zero-shot specialization which successfully specializes a full target distributional space without any lexical knowledge in the target language and without any bilingual data.
Robust, Portable I/O Scheduling with the Disk Mimic (2003)

We propose a new approach for I/O scheduling that per-forms on-line simulation of the underlying disk. When simulation is integrated within a system, three key chal-lenges must be addressed: rst, the simulator must be portable across the full range of devices; second, all con-guration must be automatic; third, the computation and memory overheads must be low. Our simulator, the Disk Mimic, achieves these goals by building a table-based model of the disk as it observes the times for previous requests. We show that a shortest-mimicked-time-rst (SMTF) scheduler performs nearly as well as an approach with perfect knowledge of the underlying device and that it is superior to traditional scheduling algorithms such as C-LOOK and SSTF; our results hold as the seek and ro-tational characteristics of the disk are varied. 1
Query-by-example keyword spotting using long short-term memory networks (2015)

We present a novel approach to query-by-example keyword spotting (KWS) using a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network-based feature extractor. In our approach, we represent each keyword using a fixed-length feature vector obtained by running the keyword audio through a word-based LSTM acoustic model. We use the activations prior to the softmax layer of the LSTM as our keyword-vector. At runtime, we detect the keyword by extracting the same feature vector from a sliding window and computing a simple similarity score between this test vector and the keyword vector. With clean speech, we achieve 86% relative false rejection rate reduction at 0.5% false alarm rate when compared to a competitive phoneme posteriorgram with dynamic time warping KWS system, while the reduction in the presence of babble noise is 67%. Our system has a small memory footprint, low computational cost, and high precision, making it suitable for on-device applications.
Staphylococcal exotoxin activation of T cells. Role of exotoxin-MHC class II binding affinity and class II isotype (1991)

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 bind directly to class II molecules of the MHC and stimulate T cells based predominantly on the V beta segment used by the TCR. We investigated the relationship between the class II binding affinities of four of these exotoxins, SEA, SEB, SEC1, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and their T cell signaling capabilities. Although the toxins stimulated T cells at concentrations that ranged over more than two orders of magnitude, their affinities for class II (DR1) differed by less than sixfold. The affinities of the toxins predicted their capacity to stimulate resting T cells to proliferate. The binding affinities of the toxins for class II molecules indicated that at concentrations required for T cell stimulation, as few as 0.1% of the class II molecules are complexed with toxin. Finally, the isotype of class II molecules affected the ability of the toxins to bind and use these MHC Ag to stimulate T cells. These data thus demonstrate that of the staphylococcal exotoxins studied, both their potency as T cell mitogens and their ability to function in the presence of single class II isotypes can be attributed in part to their characteristic abilities to bind class II molecules.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cross-sectional relations of peripheral microvascular function, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and aortic stiffness: the Framingham Heart Study. (2005)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Cross-sectional relations of peripheral microvascular function, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and aortic stiffness: the Framingham Heart Study.
A Thin Silica–Polymer Shell for Functionalizing Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticles (2011)

Doppelt beschichtete Nanokristalle: Eine neuartige Methode wurde genutzt, um kolloidale anorganische Nanopartikel mit verschiedenen Oberflächeneigenschaften mit einer dünnen, vernetzten und funktionalisierten Schale aus organischen und anorganischen Schichten zu überziehen (siehe Bild). Die amphiphile Polymergrundierung ordnet sich auf der Partikeloberfläche so an, wie es in früheren Studien vorhergesagt wurde.
High temperature structural silicides : proceedings of the first High Temperature Structural Silicides Workshop, Gaithersburg, ML [sic], USA, November 4-6, 1991 (1992)

Silicide Materials. A comparative overview of molybdenum disilicide composites (A.K. Vasudevan, J.J. Petrovic). Development of continuous fibre reinforced MoSi2 base composites (M.J. Maloney, R.J. Hecht). Application of ternary phase diagrams to the development of MoSi2 based materials (W.J. Boettinger et al.). Appraisal of other silicides as structural materials (D.M. Shah et al.). Processing and properties of Nb5Si3 and tough Nb5Si3 / Nb laminates (J. Kajuch et al.). Engineering limitations of MoSi2 coatings (T.A. Kircher, E.L. Courtright). Processing. Synthesis of molybdenum disilicide by mechanical alloying (R.B. Schwarz et al.). Fabrication, structure and properties of MoSi2 base composites (D.E. Alman et al.). Vacuum plasma spraying of MoSi2 and its composites (R. Tiwari et al.). Ductile phase toughening of molybdenum disilicide by low pressure plasma spraying (R.G. Castro et al.). Synthesis of a MoSi2 SiC composite in situ using a solid state displacement reaction (C.H. Henager et al.). Synthesis of MoSi2 single crystals (T.A. Lograsso). Relationship Between Processing and Mechanical Properties. Strengthening of discontinuously reinforced MoSi2 composites at high temperatures (R.M. Aikin, Jr.). Interfacial modification in Nb/MoSi2 composites and its effects on fracture toughness (L. Xiao, R. Abbaschian). Mechanical behaviour and interface design of MoSi2 based alloys and composites (R. Gibala et al.). Effects of carbon additions on high temperature mechanical properties of molybdenum disilicide (S.A. Maloy et al.). Oxidation. Oxidation of MoSi2 and comparison with other silicide materials (D.A. Berztiss et al.). Oxidation of MoSi2 based composites (J. Cook et al.). Oxidation behaviour of tungsten and germanium-alloyed molybdenum disilicide coatings (A. Mueller et al.). Creep. Tensile creep of silicide composites (S.M. Wiederhorn et al.). Engineering aspect of creep deformation of molybdenum disilicide (S. Bose). Creep of molybdenum disilicide composites (K. Sadananda et al.). Micromechanics. Dislocations, twins, grain boundaries and precipitates in MoSi2 (T.E. Mitchell et al.). Room temperature micro indentation of single crystal MoSi2 (P.H. Boldt et al.). ZrO2 and ZrO2 SiC particle reinforced MoSi2 matrix composites (J.J. Petrovic et al.). Modeling of transformation toughening in brittle materials (R. LeSar et al.). Author index. Subject index.
BA-TCP: a bandwidth aware TCP for satellite networks (2003)

In the presence of satellite channels, one of the most challenging problems for TCP is to achieve fair bandwidth sharing among several competing connections with round-trip propagation delays that may differ by more than two orders of magnitude. The bandwidth-aware TCP (BA-TCP) provides a fair solution while maintaining the end-to-end semantics of transport protocols. At the same time, it allows backward compatibility and it does not require substantial changes to the existing TCP. In BA-TCP, the network layer is assumed to be able to convey propagation delay and available bandwidth measurements to end users, for instance using IPv6 optional fields. TCP receivers employ this information to compute a generalized advertised window, which, in turn, controls the amount of data the source injects into the network. Experimental results show that a satellite connection can fairly share a bottleneck with wired connections. Furthermore, since BA-TCP exploits the bandwidth-delay product to control the source congestion window, the queuing delay at the bottleneck link tends to zero at steady state and buffer overflow is negligible in most situations.
A Controlled, Prospective, 1-Year Trial of Citalopram in the Treatment of Panic Disorder (1998)

Citalopram in the dosage range of 20 to 60 mg/day is effective, well tolerated, and safe in the long-term treatment of patients who have panic disorder.
Malignant Hemangioendothelioma Demonstrated by Thallium Imaging (1987)

A malignant hemangioendothelioma was identified with Tl-201 imaging in a 54-year-old woman with a large painless tumor at the right side of the buttock. Correlation between Tl-201 and Ga-67 imaging and CT is made.
The spectrum of hepatic functional impairment in compensated chronic hepatitis C: results from the Hepatitis C Anti‐viral Long‐term Treatment against Cirrhosis Trial1 (2008)

Hepatic impairment is common in compensated patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis because of chronic hepatitis C. Cholate shunt, and cholate Cl(oral) and perfused hepatic mass, identify patients at risk for cirrhosis or varices.
Synthesis and stereochemical studies of the chiral ruthenium complexes [Ru(η-C5H5){(S)dpompyr-PP′}X][dpompyr =N-diphenylphosphino-2-(diphenylphosphinoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, X = H or Cl]. Crystal structure of [(S)Ru(η-C5H5){(S)dpompyr-PP′}Cl] (1987)

A simple procedure for the preparation of [(S)Ru(η-C5H5){(S)dpompyr-PP′}H][dpompyr =N-diphenylphosphino-2-(diphenylphosphinoxymethyl)pyrrolidine] from [Ru3(CO)12] is described. The hydride reacts stereospecifically with chloroform or carbon tetrachloride to give [(S)Ru(η-C5H5){(S)dpompyr-PP′}Cl] whose structure is reported. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21 with a= 11.076(2), b= 10.908(2), c= 12.825(3)Å, β= 92.26(2), and Z= 2. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined to R= 0.0322 using 2 306 diffractometer data with I > 3σ(I). Synthesis of this chloro-complex from [Ru(η-C5H5)(PPh3)2Cl] and (S)dpompyr proceeds with only modest diastereoselectivity whereas reduction of [(S)Ru(η-C5H5){(S)dpompyr-PP′}Cl] using LiAlH4 regenerates 88%[(S)Ru(η-C5H5){(S)dpompyr-PP′}H]. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the observed diastereoselectivities. Circular dichroism and 1H, 13C, and 31P n.m.r. spectra of all new compounds are also reported.
A New Crispener Circuit for Television Images (1963)

The subjective definition of a television image may be improved by overemphasizing and/or increasing the steepness of its luminance transitions. A new crispener circuit capable of performing either or both these functions using linear circuitry is described and illustrated with low-resolution television images. It is shown that the effect of overemphasizing or steepening the rise-times of the luminance transitions appear to be comparable in improving the subjective quality of the resulting picture whereas a combination of the two is superior to either. Applications of the crispener circuit in outlining television images and reducing overshoot and ring due to sharp cutoff filter characteristics are also described and illustrated. It is shown that when the ring and overshoot in an image are reduced, the sharpness of the image is likewise reduced.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE α‐CARBETHOXYLATION OF ALKYLNITRILES (1977)

Abstract Durch Behandlung mit Lithium‐diisopropylamid und Chlorkohlensäureester oder Diäthylcarbonat erhält man aus dem Nitril das α‐Äthoxycarbonylierungsprodukt (III).
A Case Report of Preoperative and Postoperative 7.0T Brain MRI in a Patient with a Small Cell Glioblastoma (2014)

A 45-yr-old female patient was admitted with one-month history of headache and progressive left hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mass lesion in her right frontal lobe. Her brain tumor was confirmed as a small cell glioblastoma. Her follow-up brain MRI, taken at 8 months after her initial surgery demonstrated tumor recurrence in the right frontal lobe. Contrast-enhanced 7.0T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was safely performed before surgery and at the time of recurrence. Compared with 1.5T and 3.0T brain MRI, 7.0T MRI showed sharpened images of the brain tumor contexture with detailed anatomical information. The fused images of 7.0T and 1.5T brain MRI taken at the time of recurrence demonstrated no significant discrepancy in the positions of the anterior and the posterior commissures. It is suggested that 7.0T MRI can be safely utilized for better images of the maligant gliomas before and after surgery.
Harnessing brain plasticity to improve binocular vision in amblyopia: An evidence-based update (2023)

Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder resulting from atypical binocular experience in early childhood that leads to abnormal visual cortex development and vision impairment. Recovery from amblyopia requires significant visual cortex neuroplasticity, i.e. the ability of the central nervous system and its synaptic connections to adapt their structure and function. There is a high level of neuroplasticity in early development and, historically, neuroplastic responses to changes in visual experience were thought to be restricted to a "critical period" in early life. However, as our review now shows, the evidence is growing that plasticity of the adult visual system can also be harnessed to improve vision in amblyopia. Amblyopia treatment involves correcting refractive error to ensure clear and equal retinal image formation in both eyes, then, if necessary, promoting the use of the amblyopic eye by hindering or reducing visual input from the better eye through patching or pharmacologic therapy. Early treatment in children can lead to visual acuity gains and the development of binocular vision in some cases; however, many children do not respond to treatment, and many adults with amblyopia have historically been untreated or undertreated. Here we review the current evidence on how dichoptic training can be used as a novel binocular therapeutic approach to facilitate visual processing of input from the amblyopic eye and can simultaneously engage both eyes in a training task that requires binocular integration. It is a novel and promising treatment for amblyopia in both children and adults.
Tunable band rejection in a tightly-coupled array using varactor diodes (2016)

A mechanism for tunable band rejection in the reconfigurable balun of an ultra-wideband (UWB) tightly-coupled array (TCA) is presented. A variable capacitor increases and controls the effective length of the balun's short stub, shorting out the dipoles of the array at a specific frequency. The practical implementation of the rejection scheme using varactor diodes is discussed. A number of different varactor diodes has been measured using a custom-made evaluation board to model their actual behavior. Simulation results, including the characterized components and their DC biasing network, verify the design. A fabricated prototype of the reconfigurable array will be presented at the conference.
Structure Detection and Analysis of Non-Circular Impinging Jets in a Semi-Confined Array Configuration (2004)

The modal kinetic energy distribution and instantaneous vortex field of an impinging confined jet array is investigated. The jet array consists of 7-by-7 equally spaced orifice nozzles, using two nozzle cross sections: circular and cusped ellipse. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) is used to determine the velocity field of the impinging jets along the center row in the plane parallel with the cross flow direction. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and vortex detection algorithms are used to analyze the results of 50 instantaneous velocity fields in the impingement regions for each of several jets located along the crossflow direction. The energetic content of the flow is evaluated based on the POD eigenvalue distribution, the number of POD modes necessary to reconstruct the instantaneous velocity field, and the modal turbulent kinetic energy distributions. Vortex detection algorithms are used to locate and quantify the nature of the instantaneous vortices within the flow. Results of the vortex identification and the associated kinetic energy distribution within the flows are used to indicate the overall sensitivity to the nozzle geometry. The results suggest that the cusped ellipse nozzle when oriented with its major axis parallel to the flow, because of axis switching, can provide increased surface interactions which may lead to enhanced rates of heat and mass transfer.
Error-Resistant Narrowband Voice Encoder. (1986)

One of the major causes of speech quality degradation in digital voice communication is bit errors introduced by the transmission channel. Until now we did not have an effective way to combat bit errors to improve tactical voice communication. For example, a more robust voice terminal that requires a wider transmission bandwidth would not be helpful to tactical communicators because most of them must rely on narrowband channels. Even if some of them may have access to wideband channels, the limited platform space does not allow them to carry both the narrowband voice terminal based on the Government-standard voice algorithm (that would interoperate with all narrowband users) and an additional more robust terminal. To circumvent this difficulty, we have developed an approach in which voice information is initially encoded at a low data rate (i.e. 800 b/s) and then redundancies for error protection are added to a bit rate that is compatible with transmission over narrowband channels. The necessary software can be integrated into the current narrowband voice terminal so that narrowband communicators have the option of either using the Government-standard 2400-b/s linear predictive coder (LPC) or the more robust voice algorithm. According to our simulation using a high-frequency channel, the new algorithm has a 4 dB advantage over the 2400-b/s system in terms of signal energy to noise density ratio when the bit error rate is 1 to 2%. In essence, the performance of the 800-b/s system is that of the 2400-b/s system with 2.5 times more received signal energy.
Human-in-the-Loop: Terminal constraint receding horizon control with human inputs (2010)

This paper presents a control theoretic formulation and optimal control solution for integrating human control inputs subject to linear state constraints. The formulation utilizes a receding horizon optimal controller to update the control effort given the most recent state and human control input information. The novel solution to the corresponding finite horizon optimal control problem with terminal constraint is derived using Hilbert space methods. The control laws are applied to two planar human-driven mass-cart pendula, where the task is to synchronize the pendula's oscillations.
Normality Mining: Privacy Implications of Behavioral Profiles Drawn From GPS Enabled Mobile Phones (2010)

There is growing interest in the ways in which the location of a person can be utilized by new applications and services. Recent advances in mobile technologies have meant that the technical capability to record and transmit location data for processing is appearing in off-the-shelf handsets. This opens possibilities to profile people based on the places they visit, people they associate with, or other aspects of their complex routines determined through persistent tracking. It is possible that services offering customized information based on the results of such behavioral profiling could become commonplace. However, it may not be immediately apparent to the user that a wealth of information about them, potentially unrelated to the service, can be revealed. Further issues occur if the user agreed, while subscribing to the service, for data to be passed to third parties where it may be used to their detriment. Here, we report in detail on a short case study tracking four people, in three European member states, persistently for six weeks using mobile handsets. The GPS locations of these people have been mined to reveal places of interest and to create simple profiles. The information drawn from the profiling activity ranges from intuitive through special cases to insightful. In this paper, these results and further extensions to the technology are considered in light of European legislation to assess the privacy implications of this emerging technology.
Patient Recruitment Methods to Evaluate Treatment Decision Making for Localized Prostate Cancer (2010)

Recruiting newly diagnosed patients prior to initiating treatment is feasible with both approach methods. The use of electronic medical records to identify subjects was more cost efficient, although it results in a lower response rate.
Supercritical Fluid Reactions for Coal Processing (1997)

Exciting opportunities exist for the application of supercritical fluid (SCF) reactions for the pre-treatment of coal. Utilizing reactants which resemble the organic nitrogen containing components of coal, we propose to develop a method to tailor chemical reactions in supercritical fluid solvents for the specific application of coal denitrogenation. The Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene and 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) was chosen as the model system and was investigated in supercritical carbon dioxide. Kinetic data have been previously collected for pure CO2 at 40C and pressures between the critical pressure of CO2 (73.8 bar) and 216 bar. These data support the theory of local density enhancements suggested in the literature. Data taken at 50C and pressures ranging from 70 bar to 195 bar are currently reported; they do not exhibit the molecular clustering evident closer to the critical temperature. The data taken at 40C are now being used to construct mathematical forms which can model these pressure-induced kinetic changes. One promising avenue of investigation involves treating the supercritical medium as a dense gas, which allows a kinetic model based on high reference pressure fugacity coefficients to be derived.
Proteins: Hormones, Enzymes, and Monoclonal Antibodies—Background (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Protein Pharmaceuticals Peptide and Protein Hormone Biopharmaceuticals Antibody Biopharmaceuticals Enzyme Biopharmaceuticals Conclusions References