gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor producing anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas treated by distal pancreatectomy and chemotherapy: report of a case (2015)

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing pancreatic cancers are extremely rare. These tumors have an aggressive clinical course but no established treatment. We encountered a patient with a G-CSF-induced pancreatic cancer who was treated by surgical resection, followed by steroid treatment and chemotherapy. A 68-year-old Asian male presented at a local hospital with a 3-month history of fever, loss of appetite, and 10-kg weight loss. Laboratory data showed leukocytosis and elevation of C-reactive protein. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 50-mm mass in the tail of the pancreas, but no signs of infective foci. He was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation. Contrast-enhanced CT showed rapid growth of this tumor over 1 week, and (18) F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) showed FDG accumulation in the tail of the pancreas (SUV max, 17.1) but at no other sites in his body. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous mass, similar to that observed by CT. Three weeks later, the patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. The resected specimen was 154 mm in diameter, a threefold increase from the initial image. Histopathological examination identified the tumor as an anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas. Following surgery, his leukocyte count and body temperature were reduced. He recovered well and was discharged from our hospital on postoperative day 18. Immunohistochemical expression of G-CSF in the resected specimen and elevated serum G-CSF concentration confirmed that the mass was a G-CSF producing anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas. Subsequently, the patient experienced a high fever and loss of appetite. CT showed recurrence of cancer in the abdominal cavity, for which he was started immediately on tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium combination S-1 and steroid. Unfortunately, he died on postoperative day 83. To our knowledge, this patient was the first with a G-CSF producing anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas to be treated by surgical resection, steroid and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Mast cell-dependent anorexia and hypothermia induced by mucosal activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (2008)

Systemic viral infections produce a highly regulated set of responses in sickness behavior, such as fever, anorexia, and adipsia. Toll-like receptor (TLR)7, activated by viral RNA during infection, potently stimulates the innate and adaptive immune responses that aid in viral clearance. However, the physiological consequences of TLR7 activation have not been thoroughly studied. In these experiments, we used a potent synthetic TLR7 ligand, 9-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)adenine (SM360320; 1V136), to investigate the consequences of TLR7 activation in genetically defined strains of mice. Administration of the drug by the nasal, intragastric, or intraperitoneal routes caused transient hypophagia, hypodypsia, and hypothermia. Analyses of mutant mouse strains indicated that these effects were dependent on the expression of TLR7, its adaptor protein MyD88, and TNF-alpha, and independent of IL-1beta, IL-6 and cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX1). Partial roles were also implied for mast cells and COX2. Although plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher after systemic drug delivery, the behavioral effects were maximal when the agent was administered to the mucosa. Tissue and mucosal mast cells are known to express high levels of TLR7 and to rapidly release TNF-alpha upon TLR7 ligation. Mice deficient in tissue mast cells, W/W(v), had significantly less anorexia after TLR7 activation, and this response was restored with mast cell reconstitution. Our results thus suggest that tissue mast cells may play a role in the anorexia induced by mucosal activation of TLR7.
Xenon plasma sustained by pulse-periodic laser radiation (2015)

The possibility of sustaining a quasi-stationary pulse-periodic optical discharge (POD) in xenon at a pressure of p = 10–20 bar in a focused 1.07-μm Yb3+ laser beam with a pulse repetition rate of f rep ⩾ 2 kHz, pulse duration of τ ⩾ 200 μs, and power of P = 200–300 W has been demonstrated. In the plasma development phase, the POD pulse brightness is generally several times higher than the stationary brightness of a continuous optical discharge at the same laser power, which indicates a higher plasma temperature in the POD regime. Upon termination of the laser pulse, plasma recombines and is then reinitiated in the next pulse. The initial absorption of laser radiation in successive POD pulses is provided by 5p 56s excited states of xenon atoms. This kind of discharge can be applied in plasma-based high-brightness broadband light sources.
VSTM2L is a novel secreted antagonist of the neuroprotective peptide Humanin (2011)

Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide displaying a protective activity in vitro against a range of cytotoxic and neurotoxic insults, as well as mediating in vivo amelioration of Alzheimer disease (AD)-related memory impairment in experimental models. Published evidence suggests that the mechanisms through which HN exerts its cyto- and neuroprotective activity may include its secretion and binding to membrane-associated receptors. Here, we describe the identification of a new modulator of HN neuroprotective activity, V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2 like (VSTM2L), previously known as C20orf102. VSTM2L interacts with HN in both yeast and mammalian cells, is secreted in cultured cells, is present in serum, and is selectively expressed in the central nervous system. VSTM2L colocalizes with HN in distinct brain areas as well as in primary cultured neurons, where it plays a role in the modulation of neuronal viability. When tested in HN neuroprotection bioassays, VSTM2L acts as a strong antagonist of HN neuroprotective activity. In summary, VSTM2L is the first example of a secreted antagonist of HN and may play a role in the modulation of HN biological functions.
Pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced melanoma (2016)

Pembrolizumab provides durable responses and represents a major advancement in the treatment options for patients with advanced melanoma. Early studies of pembrolizumab in combination with other therapeutic agents have generated significant interest and further investigations including advanced clinical trials are warranted to evaluate safety and potential improved outcomes. Pembrolizumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors are likely to play an expanded role in the treatment of advanced melanoma and other solid tumors over the next decade.
Transfer learning method using multi-prediction deep Boltzmann machines for a small scale dataset (2015)

In this article, we propose a transfer learning method using the multi-prediction deep Boltzmann machine (MPDBM). In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in many applications such as image classification and object detection. However, it is hard to apply a deep learning method to medical images because the deep learning method needs a large number of training data to train the deep neural network. Medical image datasets such as X-ray CT image datasets do not have enough training data because of privacy. In this article, we propose a method that re-uses the network trained on non-medical images (source domain) to improve performance even if we have a small number of medical images (target domain). Our proposed method firstly trains the deep neural network for solving the source task using the MPDBM. Secondly, we evaluate the relation between the source domain and the target domain. To evaluate the relation, we input the target domain into the deep neural network trained on the source domain. Then, we compute the histograms based on the response of the output layer. After computing the histograms, we select the variables of the output layer corresponding to the target domain. Then, we tune the parameters in such a way that the selected variables respond as the outputs of the target domain. In this article, we use the MNIST dataset as the source domain and the lung dataset of the X-ray CT images as the target domain. Experimental results show that our proposed method can improve classification performance.
Preparation and polymerization of some vinyl monomers containing the 2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolane group (1967)

Abstract The syntheses and polymerizations of (2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl acrylate, 4‐(2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl itaconate, and (2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl maleate are described. Reactivity ratios in the copolymerization of these monomers with other comonomers are reported and the Alfrey‐Price Q and e values calculated. The post‐polymerization effects of ultraviolet light and heat on these polymers and copolymers are presented and compared to those for similar polymers containing the 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dixolane groups, which performs as an internal ultraviolet sensitizer. The 2‐oxo derivatives are crosslinked thermally but not by ultraviolet light. The crosslinking reaction can be catalyzed by acids, bases, and salts.
Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy (2003)

The recent experimental progress in spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy (SP-STM)—a magnetically sensitive imaging technique with ultra-high resolution—is reviewed. The basics of spin-polarized electron tunnelling are introduced as they have been investigated in planar tunnel junctions for different electrode materials, i.e. superconductors, optically excited GaAs, and ferromagnets. It is shown that ferromagnets and antiferromagnets are suitable tip materials for the realization of SP-STM. Possible tip designs and modes of operations are discussed for both classes of materials. The results of recent spatially resolved measurements as performed with different magnetic probe tips and using different modes of operation are reviewed and discussed in terms of applicability to surfaces, thin films, and nanoparticles. The limits of spatial resolution, and the impact of an external magnetic field on the imaging process are debated.
Occurrence of antibodies against natalizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab (2011)

The frequencies of antibodies appeared to be of the same magnitude in the four centres, but might be less than in the pivotal studies of natalizumab.
‘Don’t Just Listen – Do Something! Lessons Learned About Governance from the Growing Up In Cities Programme (2005)

Eight practitioners in the Growing Up in Cities project of UNESCO reflect on what they have learned in terms of how to move government officials and leaders of civil society to view children and youth as partners in creating livable cities. They describe their experience in participatory action research with children and youth, how they achieved successful outcomes, what they learned from mistakes, and strategies that they would apply if they were beginning a new initiative to ensure that city officials, community leaders and donors integrate young people into decision-making. The conclusion summarizes the group’s shared wisdom regarding how to make certain that adults in power not only listen to young people but also take action on at least some of their recommendations. These reflections should have relevance for any action research project with young people.
Coselection for resistance to multiple late-generation human therapeutic antibiotics encoded on tetracycline resistance plasmids captured from uncultivated stream and soil bacteria (2014)

Selective pressure exerted by the use of one antibiotic, such as the common agricultural antibiotic tetracycline, may result in the persistence of linked genes conferring resistance to important human clinical antibiotics. This may impact the spread of resistance to human use antibiotics even in the absence of direct selection.
<title>Unifying approach and interface for spline-based snakes</title> (2001)

In this paper, we present different solutions for improving spline-based snakes. First, we demonstrate their minimum curvature interpolation property, and use it as an argument to get rid of the explicit smoothness constraint. We also propose a new external energy obtained by integrating a non-linearly pre-processed image in the closed region bounded by the curve. We show that this energy, besides being efficiently computable, is sufficiently general to include the widely used gradient-based schemes, Bayesian schemes, their combinations and discriminant-based approaches. We also introduce two initialization modes and the appropriate constraint energies. We use these ideas to develop a general snake algorithm to track boundaries of closed objects, with a user-friendly interface.
Hardware Acceleration for Media/Transaction Applications in Network Processors (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> As the network environment is rapidly changing, network interfaces demand highly intelligent traffic management (on control plane) in addition to the basic requirement of wire speed packet forwarding (on data plane). Several vendors are releasing various network processors (NPS) in order to handle these demands, but they are optimized for throughputs mostly in data plane. As demands for control plane applications (e.g., quality of service) grow, efficient control plane processing will become increasingly important to good performance of network interface. In this paper, we explore acceleration techniques to improve the performance of control plane network applications. Three applications including media transcoding and transaction applications are analyzed in detail. The result of workload characterization shows that wide-issue configuration shows early saturation in performance, and there is no common bottleneck among applications based on sensitivity analysis. Therefore, we study to get each application have its own hardware acceleration module in order to accomplish the required throughput on OC-768 or higher. Our approach includes array style accelerator for media transcoding applications and partitioned lookup mechanism for lookup-table-related applications. Performance analysis of the proposed techniques shows significant improvement over the baseline configuration. Such hardware accelerators provide large packet-level parallelism proportional to the number of processing elements added. Our analyses of the proposed techniques suggest future directions for the design of high-performance NPs. </para>
Understanding system level caching behavior in multimedia SoC (2014)

A typical multimedia SoC consists of all or a subset of hardware components for image capture & processing, video compression and de-compression, computer vision, graphics and display processing. Each of these components access and compete for the limited bandwidth available in the shared external memory. Meeting latency (e.g., display) and throughput (e.g., video encode) is a critical problem to solve for such SoCs. In typical SoCs, this problem is solved using system level caches. However in this paper, we show results that indicate system level caches are not beneficial for multi-media traffic both in terms of DDR bandwidth savings as well as for latency reduction. We also show results of desirable features to improve multimedia performance in SoCs using a system cache.
Multifunctional Chemicals for West African Deep Offshore Fields (2002)

Abstract In Deep Offshore Fields, the injection of chemicals demands the installation of expensive and complex systems. When the Girassol and Dalia projects, on the Block 17 in Angola, were undertaken, the Operator decided to limit the number of liners for continuous injection to one. Through this liner, a Scale and a Corrosion inhibitor will be injected at the bottom of the well. In the near future, when the water cut becomes relevant, a demulsifier could be also injected. The liner can also be used occasionally, for the injection of methanol, in order to remove the hydrate plugs. The paper presents the research and development undertaken to determine the different molecules (scale and corrosion inhibitors plus demulsifiers) and their compatibilities, as well as the compatibility with any other fluid that could come in contact with the additive. The multifunctional chemical that has been especially formulated for this application, contains three different products dissolved in the same solvent, even if, generally, they are soluble in different fluids. The advantage of such a solution is that the percentages of each of the three base compounds can be adapted to the production conditions and the evolution of the water cut, without affecting their stability. The solution of the compatibility problems has represented a real challenge. The three active substances should not only be mutually compatible, but the product itself has to be compatible with other fluids likely to be injected through the liner. These would include methanol, used for the prevention of hydrates, or glycols, for the preservation of the liners during the shut-down periods. The last major challenge was to obtain a stable blend presenting a very low viscosity, capable of being injected over long distances and at low temperatures with a minimum pressure drop.
Computer Models Using Spreadsheets To Study Heat Engine Thermodynamics (2020)

Marine Power Systems is the second term of a two term course in thermodynamics at the U.S. Naval Academy. This is an applied thermodynamics course and is taught by the Marine Engineering faculty. One of the primary objectives of this thermodynamics course is to teach the thermodynamics of heat engines. Marine Power Systems takes the study of Heat Engine Cycles beyond the first step, introduction of how to work the Heat Engine Cycles. The Midshipmen at the Naval Academy write computer models of the heat engine cycles to study the thermodynamics of heat engines. The best example of the thermodynamic cycle modeled is the Brayton Cycle. The Marine Engineering students use a spread sheet program on their personal computers to model the Air Standard Brayton Cycle and run experiments by varying the independent variables.
Deposition of Thin Dye Coatings by Glow Discharge Induced Sublimation (2002)

A novel method for the vacuum deposition of thin fluorescent dye coatings by means of glow discharge induced sublimation (GDS) is disclosed. Powdered organic compound is put on a radio frequency plasma sputtering source and bombarded by low energy (<1 keV) noble gas ions and electrons. Ion bombardment gives rise to a local heating which induces sublimation of the dye molecules. The method has been successfully used for deposition of 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) coatings on silicon substrates. Plasma diagnostics, as performed by means of mass spectrometry and in situ optical emission spectroscopy, point out both the sublimation of integer 3-HF molecules and the presence of 3-HF molecular fragments in the glow discharge. The integer 3-HF molecules are positively ionized or protonated before reaching the substrate. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and elastic recoil detection analysis confirm that the deposited film is stoichiometric within the experimental errors. FT-IR analysis points out all the main characteristic peaks reported in the literature for pure 3-HF. Fluorescence analysis shows that the spectroscopic properties of 3-HF are preserved after the deposition process, despite the gas-phase ionization and protonation of the molecules. In particular, the emission features are typical of molecules embedded in an apolar and aprotic environment.
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9 and loss of chromosome 9 copy number are separate events in the pathogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (1998)

The most frequent genetic aberration found in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder involves chromosome 9. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses show deletions of both chromosome 9p and 9q, while in situ hybridization studies suggest a significant percentage of tumours with monosomy 9. To investigate the types of chromosome 9 losses that occur in bladder cancer, we have studied 40 tumours with different techniques such as in situ hybridization (ISH), flow cytometry and LOH analysis. LOH for one or more markers was found in 43% of the tumours. This percentage does not differ from previous reports. With ISH, complete monosomy for chromosome 9 was observed in only 1 of the 40 tumours. Four other tumours had monosomic subpopulations, representing 23–40% of the cells. In 18 cases, an underrepresentation of the chromosome 9 centromere relative to chromosome 6 or to the ploidy of the tumour was observed, including the cases with monosomy. In 5 of these 18 cases, the relative loss could not be confirmed by LOH. In addition, when LOH and a relative underrepresentation were observed in the same tumour, the extent of LOH as measured by the intensity of allele loss, was often not related to the extent of underrepresentation. We therefore conclude that complete monosomy of chromosome 9 is rare in TCCs of the bladder and that a relative loss of centromere signal may not be related to a loss compatible with inactivation of a tumour suppressor gene. LOH was found in TCCs of all stages and grades. Our results suggest that loss of tumour suppressor genes on chromosome 9 is an early event in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Int. J. Cancer 75:9–14, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Methanol Impermeable Proton Conducting Composite Electrolyte System (1995)

The concept of a proton conducting, methanol impermeable composite electrolyte system is demonstrated. A three‐layered laminar electrolyte consisting of a dense, methanol impermeable protonic conductor sandwiched between proton permeable electronically insulating layers permits the selective transport of protons while eliminating methanol crossover to the cathode. We demonstrate the selectivity of the composite electrolyte using palladium foil sandwiched between two Nafion™ polymer membranes. The open‐circuit voltage for an fuel cell utilizing this composite electrolyte is unaffected by introduction of methanol to the fuel stream, whereas conventional polymer electrolyte cells suffer severe degradation of performance due to methanol crossover.
NADPH oxidase mediates vascular endothelial cadherin phosphorylation and endothelial dysfunction (2004)

Vascular endothelial activation is an early step during leukocyte/endothelial adhesion and transendothelial leukocyte migration in inflammatory states. Leukocyte transmigration occurs through intercellular gaps between endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) is a predominant component of endothelial adherens junctions that regulates intercellular gap formation. We found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) caused tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, separation of lateral cell-cell junctions, and intercellular gap formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers. These events appear to be regulated by intracellular oxidant production through endothelial NAD(P)H (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase because antioxidants and expression of a transdominant inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase, p67(V204A), effectively blocked the effects of TNF on all 3 parameters of junctional integrity. Antioxidants and p67(V204A) also decreased TNF-induced JNK activation. Dominant-negative JNK abrogated VE-cadherin phosphorylation and junctional separation, suggesting a downstream role for JNK. Finally, adenoviral delivery of the kinase dead PAK1(K298A) decreased TNF-induced JNK activation, VE-cadherin phosphorylation, and lateral junctional separation, consistent with the proposed involvement of PAK1 upstream of the NADPH oxidase. Thus, PAK-1 acts in concert with oxidase during TNF-induced oxidant production and loss of endothelial cell junctional integrity.