gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation between pre-existing plaque size and neointimal healing in an adult porcine model of familial hypercholesterolemia (2020)

Abstract Background Despite the efficacy of novel drug eluting stents (DES) in preventing restenosis, this complication still occurs, as do neo-atherosclerosis development and poor stent strut coverage that are associated with stent thrombosis. Safety and efficacy of novel coronary stents are preclinically being tested using an established porcine coronary model. However, the use of young healthy animal only allow limited conclusions to be drawn on the long-term effects, as the artieries do not reflect human pathology of advanced atherosclerosis. A key unresolved question is whether and how the presence, size and composition of pre-existing atherosclerotic plaque affect neointimal healing. Purpose The objective of this study is to understand the role of atherosclerotic plaque in neointimal response following DES placement in a large animal model of coronary artery disease by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis. Methods The study was approved by the animal ethics committee. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) swine (n=6 Bretoncelles-Meishan) were given a high fat diet for 12 months to develop atherosclerosis. Stents (n=14) were implanted in n=14 coronary arteries under guidance of OCT with a stent-artery ratio of 1.1:1 at sites of atherosclerotic plaque, and animals were sacrificed after 28 days. Two types of Sirolimus eluting stents with different release profiles were implanted. Serial OCT pullbacks were taken before and after stent placement and after 28 days (follow-up), quantitatively analyzed and compared using dedicated software. The lumen area, stent area, plaque size (calculated as external elastic lamina (EEL) area - lumen area) and neointima (calculated as stent area – lumen area) were evaluated for each frame and averaged per stent. The plaque burden before stent implantation was evaluated at the same site of stent placement using coronary side branches as reference. Results The graph shows the association between the pre-existing plaque size before stenting and neointima formation after 28 days. Surprisingly, more pre-existing plaque size resulted in less neointima (P&amp;lt;0.01). There was one outlier, a stent with long dissection and extensive malapposition at baseline which showed an excessive tissue response at follow-up. The response in this animal model shows similarity to human vessel response as both regions with thin neointima formation as well as poor strut coverage were observed for both stent types. Conclusion The novel model of adult FH swine shows long-term vessel response to DES, that is similar to human response. This work shows that pre-existing atherosclerotic plaque affects the neointima after DES implantation. This insight highlights the necessity to use relevant disease models for safety and efficacy testing. Plaque size and neointima relation Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
Familiarity and pronounceability of nouns and names (1998)

Proper names have several properties that create problems for speech recognition systems: the number of names is large and ever changing, names can be borrowed directly from other languages and may not conform to usual pronunciation rules, and the variety of pronunciations for names can be high. Because the set of proper names is so dynamic and machines are notoriously poor at phoneme recognition, a promising approach to designing a name recognition system is to incorporate statistical aspects of proper names (e.g., frequency, familiarity). Unfortunately, there exists relatively little data on the distribution of names. Ratings of familiarity and pronounceability were obtained for a randomly chosen sample of 199 surnames (from 80 987 entries in the Purdue phonebook) and 199 nouns (from Kucera–Francis). The ratings for nouns versus names are substantially different: nouns were rated as more familiar and easier to pronounce than surnames. Frequency and familiarity were more closely related in the proper name pool than the word pool, although the correlations were modest. Ratings of familiarity and pronounceability were highly related for both groups. The value of using frequency and the ratings of familiarity and pronounceability for predicting variations in actual pronunciations of words and names will be discussed.
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax Protein Complexes with P-TEFb and Competes for Brd4 and 7SK snRNP/HEXIM1 Binding (2010)

Positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) plays an important role in stimulating RNA polymerase II elongation for viral and cellular gene expression. P-TEFb is found in cells in either an active, low-molecular-weight (LMW) form or an inactive, high-molecular-weight (HMW) form. We report here that human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax interacts with the cyclin T1 subunit of P-TEFb, forming a distinct Tax/P-TEFb LMW complex. We demonstrate that Tax can play a role in regulating the amount of HMW complex present in the cell by decreasing the binding of 7SK snRNP/HEXIM1 to P-TEFb. This is seen both in vitro using purified Tax protein and in vivo in cells transduced with Tax expression constructs. Further, we find that a peptide of cyclin T1 spanning the Tax binding domain inhibits the ability of Tax to disrupt HMW P-TEFb complexes. These results suggest that the direct interaction of Tax with cyclin T1 can dissociate P-TEFb from the P-TEFb/7SK snRNP/HEXIM1 complex for activation of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). We also show that Tax competes with Brd4 for P-TEFb binding. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that Brd4 and P-TEFb are associated with the basal HTLV-1 LTR, while Tax and P-TEFb are associated with the activated template. Furthermore, the knockdown of Brd4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) activates the HTLV-1 LTR promoter, which results in an increase in viral expression and production. Our studies have identified Tax as a regulator of P-TEFb that is capable of affecting the balance between its association with the large inactive complex and the small active complex.
[Acute compartment syndrome. Results of a clinico-experimental study of pressure and time limits for emergency fasciotomy]. (2001)

Even under normal perfusion conditions, already slight increases in pressure of above 30 mmHg lead to reduced tissue oxygenation and neural function. We have to consider that with additionally traumatized muscle the ischemic tolerance is markedly reduced and due to unknown influences such as local vasoreactivity and capacity of autoregulation the nutritive perfusion cannot be determined. In the case of a severely injured muscle, to be on the safe side decompressive fasciotomy should therefore be carried out if pressure values remain above 30 mmHg.
Food Science & Technology International An Aspen Publication® (2000)

FOOD SCIENCE &amp; TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (ISSN 1082-0132) is published six times per year by Aspen Publishers, Inc., 7201 McKinney Circle, Frederick, Maryland 21704. Postmaster: Send address changes to Fulfillment, As pen Publishers, Inc., 7201 McKinney Circle, Frederick, MD 21704.
100-fs GHz burst laser (2021)

We report on a 100-fs GHz burst laser with up to 100-W average output power. This laser is based on a Tangor femtosecond laser with GHz burst option followed by nonlinear pulse compression in a gas-filled hollow core Kagome fiber. Combining pulse compression with hollow core fiber transport is an attractive extension for industrial femtosecond lasers. Laser ablation of metals, silicon, and sapphire have been performed with this new laser source in order to study the impact of the ultrashort pulse duration on the laser matter interaction with GHz bursts.
Multiparameter Optimization in Directed Evolution: Engineering Thermostability, Enantioselectivity, and Activity of an Epoxide Hydrolase (2016)

The challenge of optimizing several parameters in the directed evolution of enzymes remains a central issue. In this study we address the thermostability, enantioselectivity, and activity of limonene epoxide hydrolase (LEH) as the catalyst in the hydrolytic desymmetrization of cyclohexene oxide with formation of (R,R)- and (S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diol. Wild type LEH shows a thermostability of T5030 = 41 °C and an enanioselectivity of 2% ee (S,S). Two approaches are described herein. In one strategy, the mutations generated previously by Janssen, Baker, and co-workers for notably increased thermostability are combined with mutations evolved earlier for enhanced enantioselectivity. Although highly enantioselective R,R and S,S variants (92–93% ee) with increases in T5030 by 10–11 °C were obtained, relative to wild type LEH the tradeoff in activity was significant. The second strategy based on the simultaneous optimization of both parameters using iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) with minimized tradeoff in activity proved to be superior. Several notably improved variants were observed, a reasonable “compromise” being R,R- and S,S-selective LEH variants (80–94% ee) showing enhanced thermostability by 5–10 °C and still reasonable levels of activity. Analysis of the X-ray structure of the S,S variant (94% ee) with and without diol product sheds light on the origin of altered stereoselectivity.
LOCALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CALCIUM IN B-CELLS OF MICE. MORPHOLOGIC—FUNCTIONALSTUDIES ON INSULIN SECRETION (1974)

Journal Article LOCALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CALCIUM IN B-CELLS OF MICE. MORPHOLOGIC—FUNCTIONALSTUDIES ON INSULIN SECRETION Get access G Klöppel, G Klöppel Pathologisches Institut der Universität Hamburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H-J Schäfer H-J Schäfer Pathologisches Institut der Universität Hamburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 77, Issue 1_Supplement, Apr 1974, Page S93, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.077S093 Published: 01 April 1974
Melanoma antigen-encoding gene expression in melanocytic naevi and cutaneous malignant melanomas (1999)

Melanoma antigen-encoding (MAGE) genes encode peptides which are expressed by a proportion of malignant melanomas (MMs) and can be recognized in vitro by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes in a human leucocyte-associated antigen (HLA)-restricted manner. Although expression of MAGE genes has been studied in cutaneous MMs, little is known about their expression in melanocytic naevi. We studied MAGE 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 gene expression in tissue from 10 benign melanocytic naevi, 14 dysplastic melanocytic naevi, three cutaneous MMs in situ, four primary cutaneous MMs and three distant metastatic MMs. MAGE gene expression was determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using random hexamers to generate cDNA from total tissue homogenate RNA followed by PCR using intron-spanning, MAGE-specific primer pairs. Controls were cDNA from MAGE-expressing melanoma cell lines. Expression of HLA class 1 was used as a cDNA quality control. MAGE 2, 4, 6 and 12 gene expression was not detected in any of the lesions studied. MAGE 1 and 3 gene expression was also not detected in any of the cases of benign and dysplastic melanocytic naevi and in situ MMs. One of four primary MMs expressed the MAGE 3 gene. Two of three distant metastatic MMs also expressed the MAGE 3 gene and one of these additionally expressed the MAGE 1 gene. Thus, MAGE gene expression appears to be a late event in the evolution of MMs.
Resilient Network Coding in the Presence of Byzantine Adversaries (2008)

Network coding substantially increases network throughput. But since it involves mixing of information inside the network, a single corrupted packet generated by a malicious node can end up contaminating all the information reaching a destination, preventing decoding. This paper introduces distributed polynomial-time rate-optimal network codes that work in the presence of Byzantine nodes. We present algorithms that target adversaries with different attacking capabilities. When the adversary can eavesdrop on all links and jam links, our first algorithm achieves a rate of , where is the network capacity. In contrast, when the adversary has limited eavesdropping capabilities, we provide algorithms that achieve the higher rate of . Our algorithms attain the optimal rate given the strength of the adversary. They are information-theoretically secure. They operate in a distributed manner, assume no knowledge of the topology, and can be designed and implemented in polynomial time. Furthermore, only the source and destination need to be modified; nonmalicious nodes inside the network are oblivious to the presence of adversaries and implement a classical distributed network code. Finally, our algorithms work over wired and wireless networks.
Structure and toxicity of AZA-59, an azaspiracid shellfish poisoning toxin produced by Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) (2023)

To date, the putative shellfish toxin azaspiracid 59 (AZA-59) produced by Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) has been the only AZA found in isolates from the Pacific Northwest coast of the USA (Northeast Pacific Ocean). Anecdotal reports of sporadic diarrhetic shellfish poisoning-like illness, with the absence of DSP toxin or Vibrio contamination, led to efforts to look for other potential toxins, such as AZAs, in water and shellfish from the region. A. poporum was found in Puget Sound and the outer coast of Washington State, USA, and a novel AZA (putative AZA-59) was detected in low quantities in SPATT resins and shellfish. Here, an A. poporum strain from Puget Sound was mass-cultured and AZA-59 was subsequently purified and structurally characterized. In vitro cytotoxicity of AZA-59 towards Jurkat T lymphocytes and acute intraperitoneal toxicity in mice in comparison to AZA-1 allowed the derivation of a provisional toxicity equivalency factor of 0.8 for AZA-59. Quantification of AZA-59 using ELISA and LC-MS/MS yielded reasonable quantitative results when AZA-1 was used as an external reference standard. This study assesses the toxic potency of AZA-59 and will inform guidelines for its potential monitoring in case of increasing toxin levels in edible shellfish.
Experimental and model investigations of bleaching and saturation of fluorescence in flow cytometry (1997)

We investigated the fluorescence emission from three fluorophores commonly used for labeling cells in flow cytometry. We have demonstrated that the fluorescence emission from cells labeled with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), and allophycocyanin (APC) is considerably saturated and bleached in standard flow cytometric conditions. Therefore, for optimization of fluorescence detection in a flow cytometer, it is important to know the emission kinetics in detail. We made a mathematical model of the optical processes involved: absorption, fluorescence emission, nonradiative decay, photodestruction, and triplet state occupation. The validity of the model was experimentally tested with a set of averaged fluorescence pulses, measured in a large range of intensities and illumination times. The fluorescence of APC could be completely described by the model and produced the following rate constants: photodestruction rate kb1 = 6 x 10(3) s(-1), triplet state population rate k12 = 2 x 10(5) s(-1), and depopulation rate k20 = 5 x 10(4) s(-1). The fluorescence kinetics of FITC- and PE-labeled cells could not be fitted with only three parameters over the entire range, indicating that other optical processes are involved. We used the model to determine the sensitivity of our flow cytometer and to calculate the optimum conditions for the detection of APC. The results show that in principle a single APC molecule on a cell can be detected in the presence of background, i.e., autofluorescence and Raman scattering by water.
Low-rise shear wall failure modes (1991)

A summary of the data that are available concerning the structural response of low-rise shear walls is presented. This data will be used to address two failure modes associated with the shear wall structures. First, data concerning the seismic capacity of the shear walls with emphasis on excessive deformations that can cause equipment failure are examined. Second, data concerning the dynamic properties of shear walls (stiffness and damping) that are necessary to compute the seismic inputs to attached equipment are summarized. This case addresses the failure of equipment when the structure remains functional. 23 refs.
Auditory Perspective Taking (2012)

Effective communication with a mobile robot using speech is a difficult problem even when you can control the auditory scene. Robot self-noise or ego noise, echoes and reverberation, and human interference are all common sources of decreased intelligibility. Moreover, in real-world settings, these problems are routinely aggravated by a variety of sources of background noise. Military scenarios can be punctuated by high decibel noise from materiel and weaponry that would easily overwhelm a robot's normal speaking volume. Moreover, in nonmilitary settings, fans, computers, alarms, and transportation noise can cause enough interference to make a traditional speech interface unusable. This work presents and evaluates a prototype robotic interface that uses perspective taking to estimate the effectiveness of its own speech presentation and takes steps to improve intelligibility for human listeners.
Synthesis of 4, 5-Epiminotetrahydro-1, 2-oxazine (1969)

Osmium tetroxide oxidation of 2-phenyl-6-tetrahydropyranyloxymethyl-3, 6-dihydro-1, 2-oxazine (5e) afforded 2-phenyl-6β-tetrahydropyranyloxymethyltetrahydro-1, 2-oxazine-4α, 5α-diol (8), whose ditosylate (10) was converted into 2-phenyl-4β, 5β-epiminotetrahydro-1, 2-oxazine-6β-methanol (2) on successive treatment with sodium azide, lithium aluminum hydride, and acids. Conformation of 2 was discussed with reference to the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of 2.
Sexuality and the Law: Introduction to the Issue (2019)

It is not every year that fifty-six professors at one’s law school join together to submit a brief to the Supreme Court. This law school’s recent brief in Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, No 04- 1152 (2005), demonstrates the mounting tension around questions of sexuality and sexual expression in contemporary American culture, and the pressing need for the law to accommodate the asking of those questions. From the outcry that followed President Bush’s call for a constitutional amendment protecting heterosexual marriage in 2004 to the record-breaking release last month of Brokeback Mountain, the first gay romance film to receive wide release, this year has been marked by persistent reminders about the need to explore the issues surrounding sexuality. In an effort to encourage that discussion, we are pleased to host a symposium entitled “Sexuality and the Law” on February 24, 2006. We look forward to welcoming the many scholars who have contributed to this volume and will contribute to the panel discussions on “Children and Education,” “The Interplay Between Disability and Sexuality,” “Prison and Punishment,” “Sexuality and Marriage,” and “Sexual Expression.” We are especially pleased that Professor William Eskridge will join us to give the keynote address.
Photoelectrochemical water splitting using strain-balanced multiple quantum well photovoltaic cells (2019)

Strain-balanced GaInAs/GaAsP quantum wells were incorporated into the classical GaInP/GaAs tandem photoelectrochemical water splitting device to increase the range of photon absorption and achieve higher solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies.
Autologous Blood Injection to Model Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice (2011)

Investigation of the pathophysiology of injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) requires a reproducible animal model. While ICH accounts for 10-15% of all strokes, there remains no specific effective therapy. The autologous blood injection model in mice involves the stereotaxic injection of arterial blood into the basal ganglia mimicking a spontaneous hypertensive hemorrhage in man. The response to hemorrhage can then be studied in vivo and the neurobehavioral deficits quantified, allowing for description of the ensuing pathology and the testing of potential therapeutic agents. The procedure described in this protocol uses the double injection technique to minimize risk of blood reflux up the needle track, no anticoagulants in the pumping system, and eliminates all dead space and expandable tubing in the system.
10th Anniversary of the European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine - EPMA World Congress Supplement 2020 (2020)

In 2019, the EPMA celebrated its 10th anniversary at the 5th World Congress in Pilsen, Czech Republic. The history of the International Professional Network dedicated to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (PPPM / 3PM) is rich in achievements. Facing the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic it is getting evident globally that the predictive approach, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services is the optimal paradigm in healthcare demonstrating the high potential to save lives and to benefit the society as a whole. The EPMA World Congress Supplement 2020 highlights advances in 3P medicine.
Configuration optimisation of quantum-cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2022)

Quantum-cascade lasers (QCL) enable emission in a broad range of infrared radiation unavailable for convectional quantum well bipolar lasers. However in-plane geometry of QCLs hinders achieving properties required in numerous applications which are inherently possessed by vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). In proposed design of QC-VCSEL the role of top mirror and element inducing component of electric field necessary to stimulated emission in quantum cascades is served by subwavelength monolithic high-refractive-index contrast grating (MHCG) in which quantum cascade active region is embedded. This paper based on numerical analysis presents influence of QC-VCSELs configuration details on threshold currents and mode distributions.
Long Noncoding RNA: a New Player of Heart Failure? (2013)

One the most important discoveries of the post-genomic era is that a large fraction of the genome transcribes a heterogeneous population of noncoding RNAs (ncRNA). ncRNAs shorter than 200 nucleotides are usually identified as short/small ncRNAs--examples include PIWI-interacting RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs)--whereas those longer than 200 nucleotides are classified as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules are emerging as important regulators of cellular process, such as development, differentiation, and metabolism. Not surprisingly, ncRNAs are involved also in human diseases, such as cancer and metabolic and neuronal disorders. Although the role of miRNAs is being largely investigated in cardiovascular biology, little is known about other classes of ncRNA in this field. However, recent reports have started to reveal the importance of lncRNA in heart development and suggest also an involvement in heart failure. Here, we will discuss these reports and the therapeutic potential of lncRNA for heart failure.