gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunologische Merkmale und Faktoren im Zusammenhang mit dem mukokutanen bullösen Pemphigoid – eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie (2021)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziele Die besonderen Charakteristika von Patienten mit bullösem Pemphigoid (BP) mit Schleimhautbeteiligung sind weitgehend unbekannt. Unser Ziel war die Erforschung der klinischen und immunologische Charakteristika von BP‐Patienten mit Schleimhautbeteiligung, um Faktoren zu identifizieren, die mit Schleimhautläsionen assoziiert sind. Patienten und Methodik Eine retrospektive Studie, die alle konsekutiven Patienten umfasst, die in den Jahren 2009–2019 in einem tertiären Referenzzentrum mit BP diagnostiziert wurden. Ergebnisse Die Studie umfasste 273 Patienten mit BP, von denen 31 (11,4 %) Schleimhautläsionen aufwiesen. Die Mundschleimhaut war die am häufigsten betroffene Schleimhautoberfläche (71,0 %), gefolgt von der Genital‐ (25,8 %) und der Nasenschleimhaut (22,6 %). Im Vergleich zu anderen Patienten mit BP hatten Patienten mit Schleimhautbeteiligung eine ausgeprägtere palmoplantare Beteiligung (67,7 % vs. 37,2 %; p = 0,001); eine niedrigere Seropositivitätsrate (18,2 % vs. 54.2 %; p = 0,027) und niedrigere Konzentrationen (29,3 ± 64,5 vs. 129,5 ± 304,4 U/ml; p = 0,016) von Anti‐BP230‐Autoantikörpern; und verminderte periphere Eosinophilenzahlen (760,0 ± 638,6 vs. 1296,3 ± 1013,7; p &lt; 0,001). Das Fehlen von Anti‐BP230‐Autoantikörpern (OR, 5,32; 95 %‐Konfidenzintervall [KI], 1,07–26,32; p = 0,026) und das Fehlen von einer peripheren Eosinophilie (OR, 4,31; 95 %‐KI, 1,14–16,39; p = 0,021) waren mit dem Vorhandensein einer Schleimhautbeteiligung bei BP assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen Eine Beteiligung der Schleimhäute findet sich in einer nennenswerten Subgruppe von Patienten mit BP und ist assoziiert mit dem Fehlen sowohl von Anti‐BP230‐Antikörpern als auch von peripherer Eosinophilie.
Non-destructive testing of riser pipes with the remote field eddy current process; Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung von Steigrohren mit dem Fernfeld-Wirbelstromverfahren (1996)

Riser pipes for transporting natural gas and petroleum are examined at regular intervals for corrosion and erosion damage. The stray flux process is used above all for this at present. For the complete evaluation of the fault position, additional processes such as ultrasonic and X-ray technique, must be involved. The remote field eddy current process, by contrast, makes the complete examination of thickwalled ferritic pipes for large areas of wall thickness loss; and for local internal and external faults possible. For the better understanding of the complex physical relationships, simulation calculations were carried out with an FEM program produced for this purpose. The program makes the representation of the remote field effect and a qualitative calculation of fault signals possible. The results were used to estimate the capability of the remote field eddy current process in testing thickwalled ferritic pipes. (orig./MM) [Deutsch] Steigrohre zur Foerderung von Erdgas und Erdoel werden in regelmaessigen Abstaenden auf Korrosions- und Erosionsschaeden untersucht. Hierfuer wird derzeit vor allem das Streuflussverfahren eingesetzt. Zur vollstaendigen Bewertung einer Fehlstelle muessen zusaetzliche Verfahren wie die Ultraschall- und Roentgentechnik herangezogen werden. Das Fernfeld-Wirbelstromverfahren dagegen ermoeglicht die vollstaendige Untersuchung von dickwandigen ferritischen Rohren auf grossflaechige Wandstaerkenverluste sowie auf lokale Innen- und Aussenfehler. Zum besseren Verstaendnis der komplexen physikalischen Zusammenhaenge wurden Simulationsrechnungen mit einem dafuer erstellten FEM-Programm durchgefuehrt. Das Programm ermoeglicht die Darstellung des Fernfeldeffektes und eine qualitative Berechnung von Fehlersignalen. Die Ergebnisse wurden verwendet zur Abschaetzung der Leistungsfaehigkeit des Fernfeld-Wirbelstromverfahrens bei der Pruefung von dickwandigen ferritischen Rohren. (orig./MM)
Metropolitan Scale and Longitudinal Dataset of Anonymized Human Mobility Trajectories (2023)

Modeling and predicting human mobility trajectories in urban areas is an essential task for various applications. The recent availability of large-scale human movement data collected from mobile devices have enabled the development of complex human mobility prediction models. However, human mobility prediction methods are often trained and tested on different datasets, due to the lack of open-source large-scale human mobility datasets amid privacy concerns, posing a challenge towards conducting fair performance comparisons between methods. To this end, we created an open-source, anonymized, metropolitan scale, and longitudinal (90 days) dataset of 100,000 individuals' human mobility trajectories, using mobile phone location data. The location pings are spatially and temporally discretized, and the metropolitan area is undisclosed to protect users' privacy. The 90-day period is composed of 75 days of business-as-usual and 15 days during an emergency. To promote the use of the dataset, we will host a human mobility prediction data challenge (`HuMob Challenge 2023') using the human mobility dataset, which will be held in conjunction with ACM SIGSPATIAL 2023.
Purification and characterization of human truncated prorenin (1992)

Posttranslational processing of enzymatically inactive prorenin to an active form participates in the control of the activity of a key system involved in blood pressure regulation, growth, and other important functions. The issue is complicated because renin can be produced by a number of tissues throughout the body, in addition to the kidney, but the mechanism by which they process prorenin to renin is unknown and difficult to determine because of the small amounts of renin present. In the juxtaglomerular cell of the kidney, a 43 amino acid prosegment is cleaved from the amino terminus of prorenin to generate renin of molecular weight 44,000 [Do, Y. S., Shinagawa, T., Tam, H., Inagami, T., & Hsueh, W. A. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1037-1043]. Using human uterine lining or a recombinant human prorenin system, we employed the same approach as that used in kidney, ammonium sulfate precipitation at pH 3.1 followed by pepstatin and H-77 affinity chromatography or gel filtration, to purify to homogeneity a 45,500-MW totally active renin. The specific activity of the active truncated prorenin was 850 Goldblatt units (GU)/mg of protein for chorion-decidua renin and 946 GU/mg of protein for recombinant renin, both similar to that reported for pure human renal renin. Both forms of renin cross-reacted with an antibody generated against 44,00-MW pure human renal renin and with an antibody generated against a peptide identical to the carboxy-terminal one-third of the prosegment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Free and Open-source Control Software for 3-D Motion and Processing (2016)

RepRap 3-D printers and their derivatives using conventional firmware are limited by: 1) requiring technical knowledge, 2) poor resilience with unreliable hardware, and 3) poor integration in complicated systems. In this paper, a new control system called Franklin, for CNC machines in general and 3-D printers specifically, is presented that enables web-based three dimensional control of additive, subtractive and analytical tools from any Internet connected device. Franklin can be set up and controlled entirely from a web interface; it uses a custom protocol which allows it to continue printing when the connection is temporarily lost, and allows communication with scripts.
Gas-in-glass—a new Raman-gain medium: molecular hydrogen in solid-silica optical fibers (1982)

A new Raman-gain medium consisting of molecular hydrogen dissolved at high pressure in low-loss solid-silica optical fibers is described. Stimulated Raman gain at 0.88-microm wavelength was measured in a half-kilometer length of this H(2)-diffused fiber by using a krypton-laser pump and an injection-laser probe. The gain coefficient determined from these experiments at 0.88 microm is 5 x 10(-12) cm/W. The overtone absorption spectrum of high-pressure hydrogen in silica was observed.
Hair cell and neural contributions to the cochlear summating potential (2019)

The cochlear summating potential (SP) to a tone is a baseline shift that persists for the duration of the burst. It is often considered the most enigmatic of cochlear potentials because its magnitude and polarity vary across frequency and level and its origins are uncertain. In this study, we used pharmacology to isolate sources of the SP originating from the gerbil cochlea. Animals either had the full complement of outer and inner hair cells (OHCs and IHCs) and an intact auditory nerve or had systemic treatment with furosemide and kanamycin (FK) to remove the outer hair cells. Responses to tone bursts were recorded from the round window before and after the neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) was applied. IHC responses were then isolated from the post-KA responses in FK animals, neural responses were isolated from the subtraction of post-KA from pre-KA responses in NH animals, and OHC responses were isolated by subtraction of post-KA responses in FK animals from post-KA responses in normal hearing (NH) animals. All three sources contributed to the SP; OHCs with a negative polarity and IHCs and the auditory nerve with positive polarity. Thus the recorded SP in NH animals is a sum of contributions from different sources, contributing to the variety of magnitudes and polarities seen across frequency and intensity. When this information was applied to observations of the SP recorded from the round window in human cochlear implant subjects, a strong neural contribution to the SP was confirmed in humans as well as gerbils. <b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Of the various potentials produced by the cochlea, the summating potential (SP) is typically described as the most enigmatic. Using combinations of ototoxins and neurotoxins, we show contributions to the SP from the auditory nerve and from inner and outer hair cells, which differ in polarity and vary in size across frequency and level. This complexity of sources helps to explain the enigmatic nature of the SP.
The application of porous‐media theory to the investigation of time‐dependent diffusion in in vivo systems (1995)

Recent developments in solid-boundary porous-media theory have shown that useful structural information can be extracted from the time-dependent diffusion coefficient, D(t), of the fluid filling the interstitial space. This theoretical framework provides a basis from which to understand the results from diffusion experiments performed in other types of systems (e.g. biological). Structural information about porous media can be obtained from the short-time behavior of D(t) in the form of the ratio of the surface area to pore volume, S/V. The long-time behavior of D(t) in porous media provides an indirect measure of the macroscopic structure. In this case, the long-time diffusion coefficient, D(eff), reflects the tortuosity, T, of the medium; a property of both the connectivity of the diffusion paths and the volume fraction of the sample. Measurements of D(t) were performed in RIF-1 tumors, using both spectroscopy and imaging, and the data were used to calculate S/V and T. The results were compared with histological sections in order to correlate S/V and T with differences in tissue structure (i.e. necrotic vs non-necrotic tumor tissue). Based on spectroscopic measurements, there is a trend towards decreasing S/V and T with increasing tumor volume, consistent with the interpretation that water in necrotic tissue is experiencing relatively fewer restricting barriers (as compared to non-necrotic tumor tissue). Based on D(t) maps generated from RIF-1 tumors, D(eff), and hence T appears to be much more sensitive than S/V in differentiating between necrotic and non-necrotic tissue. In addition to characterizing diseased tissue, S/V and particularly T appear to be sensitive to structural changes that would accompany tumor treatment and should therefore provide a useful tool for monitoring the progress of therapeutic interventions.
On-Off Decentralized Control of Flexible Structures (1991)

A new near minimum fuel method for on-off decentralized control of flexible structures is introduced. Fuel minimization is achieved by turning on actuators when local velocities are in the neighborhood of a maximum and when local displacements are in the neighborhood of a minimum. Maximum velocity and minimum displacement neighborhoods at each actuator location are determined by recursively computing standard deviations of displacements and velocities over running intervals of time. The fuel consumed by on-off control is shown to be 20 percent lower than by linear optimal control for the same reductions in energy over the same periods of time. On-off control of a uniform beam illustrates the method.
Hemodynamic Effects of a Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Drag-Reducing Polymer, Poly ox WSR N-60K, in the Open-Chest Rat (1989)

The acute hemodynamic effects of an intravenously (i.v.) injected poly(ethylene oxide), Polyox WSR N-60K (dose 50 mg/kg), were studied in the open-chest rat anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The injectate is one of four drag-reducing polymers known to augment in vitro blood flow under a constant pressure gradient; the others are an anionic polyacrylamide (Separan), a rhamnogalactogalacturonan (RGGu), and a deoxyribonucleic acid (calf thymus DNA). RGGu and Separan both augment cardiac output in the rat. Aortic blood flow, measured with an electromagnetic flow probe mounted on the ascending aorta, increased immediately after administration of the polymer and remained above control flow for at least 1 h. A small sustained decrease in heart rate (HR) was associated with a prolongation of systole. Ventricular and arterial blood pressures increased progressively over the 2-h postinjection period. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) initially decreased but then increased continuously throughout the experimental period, eventually surpassing the control value. Although the in vivo effects of Polyox differ from those of RGGu and Separan, the effects of the three macromolecules on aortic flow and TPR are similar at least in the first hour. Because the three substances are chemically dissimilar, these results further support the hypothesis that the primary mechanism responsible for the hemodynamic changes caused by some drag-reducing polymers--apparently limited to those with molecular lengths approaching 100 microns--is physical in nature.
<title>Distribution sensing by synthesis of the optical coherence function</title> (1998)

Current modulation of a laser diode produces a change in the emission frequency. Hence, modulating the driving current with white noise, we can control the linewidth, that is, the coherence length of the source. Several commercial tunable laser products have a function of tuning the coherence length by this way. While, we have proposed and studied a method to control not only the coherence length but also the shape of the coherence function. We have called this technique as 'the synthesis of the optical coherence function.' In this paper, at first, the principle of the synthesis of the coherence function is explained. Next, as the application of this technique, a high resolution reflectometry, a distributed fiber-optic stress sensor, a multiplexed fiber-optic interferometric sensor, and optical parallel information processing are described.
A critical look at three of parallel computing's maxims (2002)

The last few years have seen the introduction of a large number of parallel computers, as well as the failures of several manufacturers. As the machines have been released, they have been thoroughly evaluated, and a wide range of benchmark data is now available. Furthermore, in this time our expertise in programming and extracting performance from parallel machines has greatly increased, a theory of parallel and network algorithms has developed, and our understanding of the modeling process has improved. Hence, now seems a propitious time to take a critical look at our maxims. This paper takes a critical look at the following three maxims: parallel architecture is converging on a design based on commodity microprocessor chips; wormhole routing is decidedly more efficient than store-and-forward routing; and the PRAM is an unrealistically ideal model of computation.
Abstract 14408: An Angiotensin Receptor Blocker in the Presence of SARS CoV2 Pseudovirus Does Not Change Protein Expression of ACE2 in Human Heart Cell Models (2021)

Introduction: ACE inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use in COVID-19 raised concern due to reported increases in ACE2, the cell receptor for SARS-CoV2. We tested the hypothesis that ARB (Losartan) and ACEI (Captopril) do not impact SARS-CoV2 associated ACE2 expression in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Methods: Beating monolayer ventricular CMs were generated from human iPSCs and grown as engineered heart tissue constructs (EHTs), which mimic a more mature phenotype than monolayer CMs. Drug treatments (24hrs) without pseudovirus were applied to EHTs: (A) Vehicle, 1μM Losartan (ARB), 1μM Angiotensin II (AngII), 1μM Losartan+1μM Ang II; (B) Vehicle, 1μM Captopril, 1μM Ang I, or 1μM AngI+1μM Captopril with 2-3 replicates for each combination and RNAseq as outcome. Drug treatment A only was repeated in monolayer CMs with a 5-6 day to rVSV-SARS-Cov2Spike-Luciferase-FLAG tagged pseudovirus (2-4 replicates) with immunoblotting for ACE2, Cathepsin B (CTSB) and Furin proteins. Results: Immunoblot densitometry showed abundant ACE2 protein in untreated CMs and EHTs. A focused mRNA analysis of 12 genes associated with SARS-Cov2 entry and processing (EHTs) revealed no significant changes in expression of ACE2, NRP1, CTSB, CTSL and FURIN due to Losartan or Captopril treatment. There was a nonsignificant trend towards Losartan-induced increase in AGTR1 with attenuation when AngII was administered, while ITGA5 trended upwards with Losartan+AngII. AGTRI also trended upwards with Captopril and AngI+Captopril. Upon pseudoviral challenge, CMs demonstrated increased ACE2 (55%) and slightly decreased Furin (24%) protein, with unchanged CTSB, although results were not statistically significant. Losartan addition, regardless of AngII, did not alter SARS-CoV2Spike pseudovirus mediated changes of ACE2, Furin or CTSB proteins. Conclusions: Losartan or Captopril did not substantially alter gene expression of ACE2, CTSB, CTSL, FURIN and NRP1 in EHTs without pseudovirus. Losartan did not show convincing evidence for pseudoviral mediated changes of proteins important for viral entry and processing in CM cell models.
Spotlight on anti-CD25: daclizumab in MS. (2008)

Monoclonal antibodies are a promising new class of therapeutic agents that can be employed to target specific molecules of the immune system or any tissue. They are currently being tested in a number of clinical trials in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). One of these, the humanized monoclonal anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab (Zenapax), is directed against the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha chain (CD25) that is involved in clonal expansion of autoreactive T-cells by binding of its ligand IL- 2. Several years ago daclizumab was approved for the prevention of renal allograft rejection. Following promising observations in uveitis, daclizumab has since been tested in a number of small clinical trials in MS based on the rationale that blocking CD25 would prevent the expansion of autoreactive T-lymphocytes. Safety and efficacy data from the preliminary clinical exploration as well as findings about the mechanism of action of anti-CD25 treatment are reviewed here.
High repeatability CD-SEM metrology of disk drive writer and extraction of SWA (Conference Presentation) (2018)

In contrast to semiconductor manufacturing where features are mostly lines or contact holes, the disk drive reader has a complex, nonlinear 3D geometry. Metrology of such geometries is challenging; especially with regard to repeatability of measurements. New methods were needed to keep up with production requirements for metrology regarding uncertainty of critical dimensions (CD). We report a new method developed for CD metrology of the disk drive writer pole. The method demonstrated improved uncertainties compared to the regularly used CD-SEM algorithms and also has capability for side wall angle (SWA) metrology for process control. The method utilizes multiple steps: a) extract contours from SEM images, b) identify exact locations on a curvilinear feature where CD should be measured, and c) provide CD measurements at these locations. SEM images from a variety of production wafers were used for evaluation of the developed method. Multiple series of SEM images were processed using a software utilizing advanced algorithms without using regular brightness threshold CD-SEM methodologies. It was found that CD repeatability was improved by a factor of three compared to the results of the regular threshold based CD-SEM method. TEM imaging is used to measure side wall angle; it takes a lot of efforts for sample preparation and the feedback is slow. If extraction of SWA is possible from top down SEM images it would provide instant feedback to manufacturing and reduce cost. Monte Carlo simulations were used to understand the sensitivity of SWA to the trench CD and depth. Height of features was measured using AFM. A method to extract SWA from top down images was developed. Numerous SEM images were processed; results were compared to experiment and analyzed. It was shown that the 3-sigma repeatability of SWA measurement was 0.15 degree. It was also found that the left and the right SWA were different on multiple wafers, the results were very consistent from one image series to another one, at the same time the SWA difference between the left and right walls was considerably larger than the uncertainty of SWA measurement.
Formal analysis for real-time scheduling (2002)

A sound theory of real-time scheduling is necessary to support the engineering of real-time software applications. Developing scheduling results using formal methods helps provide the high level of assurance required in safety-critical domains. We propose a formalization methodology relying on state-machine models and on a library of commonly applicable properties. A case study has shown that rigorous and a detailed verification of nontrivial scheduling results can be performed within reasonable time limits, using modern theorem-proving tools such as PVS. It is still necessary to develop and extend such verification efforts to the increasingly complex scheduling algorithms that may one day be used in safety-critical applications. Other aspects relevant to the avionics domain remain insufficiently explored by the formal methods community. For example, little has been done in the analysis of distributed real-time systems, where difficult problems mixing communication, processing, fault tolerance must be addressed. Formal methods are especially valuable in such complex settings, where informal proofs guided by intuition are insufficient and where other validation approaches such as testing are incomplete. Formal methods should become an essential tool for validating the most critical aspects of real-time systems, such as the partitioning mechanisms required for fault isolation in integrated avionics. Real-time scheduling problems are an ideal application area for formal methods since they are subtle and complex, must be certified to the highest degrees of assurance for supporting critical applications, and thus require very precise, detailed, and rigorous verification.
Interference Cancellation and Multiuser Detection (2009)

<P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>Introduction</P> </LI> <LI> <P>CDMA System Model</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Multiuser Detection for CDMA</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Co-Channel Interference Cancellation for DS/CDMA</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Co-Channel Interference Cancellation for FH/CDMA</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Concluding Remarks</P> </LI> </UL> </P> <P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> </UL> </P>