gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAZONET: A phase II trial of pazopanib in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) who may have previously received antiangiogenic or mTOR treatment. (2011)

TPS171 Background: NETs are characterized by profuse vasculature, VEGF and VEGFR-2 are overexpressed in 60-84% of the carcinoids and pancreatic islet cells tumors. Other pro-angiogenic factors like PDGFR have been also involved in NETs development and progression. Pazopanib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR and KIT with both antiangiogenic and anti-tumoral activity. Previous activity of pazopanib in advanced gastroenteropancreatic NETs has been reported (Phan et al. ASCO 2010). No data is available of the activity of pazopanib after tumor progression to prior anti-VEGF or mTOR treatment. Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic NETs derived either from the digestive tract, bronchial, thymic or pancreatic islet cell origin will receive pazopanib 800 mg/day until disease progression or intolerance. Patients could have previously received treatment with somatostatin analogues, chemotherapy, anti-VEGF, or m-TOR inhibitors. The primary endpoint is overall clinical benefit rate (ORR + SD) at 6 months according to RECIST criteria. Secondary endpoints include PFS, safety, duration of response, time to tumor response and biomarker studies. Circulating VEGF, and soluble VEGFR-2 plasma levels will be correlated with clinical outcome as well as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs). Results: 44 patients are expected to be enrolled. In November 2010 the study protocol received institutional review board approval and in January 2011 the trial commenced enrolment. Recruitment is expected to be completed in September 2011, with the last patient visit estimated in August 2012. Study results are anticipated in 2012. Conclusions: There is a high unmet medical need for patients with advanced NETs resistant to either sunitinib or everolimus. This study will investigate the antiproliferative potential of pazopanib in patients with metastatic NETs already treated with other novel agents. In addition this trial will provide evidence for the role of CTCs, CECs, and CEPCs as feasible biomarkers in NETs. On behalf of the GETNE group (NCT01280201).
Comparison Study of Percutaneous Osseointegrated Bone Conduction Device Complications When Using the 9 mm Abutment Versus 6 mm Abutment at Initial Implantation (2018)

Minor complications after implantation of percutaneous osseointegrated bone conduction devices are common. The vast majority of these complications are due to localized skin reactions, most of which are readily addressed through local care. Patients receiving the 9 mm abutment during initial implantation are significantly less likely to require in-office procedural intervention or revision surgery postoperatively as compared with those receiving the shorter, 6 mm abutment.
Sulfate Reduction Relative to Methane Production in High-Rate Anaerobic Digestion: Technical Aspects (1986)

The effect of different substrates and different levels of sulfate and sulfide on methane production relative to sulfate reduction in high-rate anaerobic digestion was evaluated. Reactors could be acclimated so that sulfate up to a concentration of 5 g of sulfate S per liter did not significantly affect methanogenesis. Higher levels gave inhibition because of salt toxicity. Sulfate reduction was optimal at a relatively low level of sulfate, i.e., 0.5 g of sulfate S per liter, but was also not significantly affected by higher levels. Both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methane-producing bacteria adapted to much higher levels of free H(2)S than the values reported in the literature (50% inhibition occurred only at free H(2)S levels of more than 1,000 mg/liter). High levels of free H(2)S affected the sulfate-reducing bacteria only slightly. Formate and acetate supported the sulfate-reducing bacteria very poorly. In the high-rate reactors studied, intensive H(2)S formation occurred only when H(2) gas or an H(2) precursor such as ethanol was supplied.
Effects of dietary ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid on performance, antibody production, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in two strains of leghorn pullet chicks (2005)

The effects of dietary ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid on performance, mitogenic lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody production were evaluated in Leghorn pullets during a rigorous vaccination program. Diets were supplemented with flaxseed and corn oil to achieve 4 dietary ratios of linoleic acid to linolenic acid [17:1 (control), 8:1, 4:1, or 2:1]. Each diet was fed to HyLine Brown or W-36 pullets from 1 d to 16 wk of age. Day-old pullets were randomly assigned to 8 replicate cages with 12 pullets per cage; the density was reduced to 8 pullets per cage at 11 wk of age. Dietary treatments did not affect body weight, feed consumption, or pullet mortality. At 12 wk of age, an interaction between diet and strain (P < or = 0.004) showed Hy-Line W-36 pullets fed the 2:1 ratio had greater antibody production against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine than those fed diets with higher ratios. At wk 16, pullets fed ratios of 4:1 and 2:1 had the greatest antibody production against NDV vaccine. Antibody production against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine was also increased (P < 0.04) by ratios of 4:1 (2.244 optical density; OD) or 2:1 (2.508 OD) as compared with the control diet (1.576 OD). Hy-Line Brown pullets had greater antibody production against infectious bronchitis virus vaccine compared with Hy-Line W-36 pullets at 16 wk of age. These results indicate that feeding a reduced dietary ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid by adding flaxseed to the diets enhanced antibody response to NDV and IBDV vaccines without any negative effects on pullet performance.
Fluidized Bed Calcination of Radioactive Wastes Using In-Bed Combustion Heating (1972)

The fluidized-bed Waste Calcining Facility (WCF) at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant has been successfully converted from a liquid-metal heating system to a new system called “in-bed combustion,” where a hydrocarbon fuel is burned directly in the fluidized bed to supply the heat necessary to calcine radioactive wastes. Significant accomplishments demonstrated during the first processing campaign using in-bed combustion heating were an onstream time of 100% over the total run duration of 156 days of radioactive operation, a capacity increase of ∼15%, and demonstration of the safety and reliability of the process and control systems.
Exponential Family Distributions Relevant to IRT (2017)

This chapter provides a general definition of exponential families and applies the definition to polytomous and continuous random vectors. Exponential families are families of probability distributions characterized by a sufficient statistic. In item response model, their treatment emphasizes loglinear models for polytomous random variables and normal probability models for continuous random variables. Generally, exponential families are widely applied in statistical theory, for they include beta distributions, Dirichlet distributions, exponential distributions, gamma distributions, normal distributions, negative binomial distributions, Poisson distributions, and Weibull distributions. Exponential families are often used to construct families of distributions which involve mixtures. Such families are important in description of latent structure models used in item response theory.
On the Change of Basic Characteristics of Korean Rural Woman in Relation to Family Planning (1970)

The authors compared the basic characteristics of rural woman in relation to family planning for June 1967 and June 1969 in Kyung San County, Kyungpook Province, Korea. The statistics showed that these characteristics are gradually changing. The marriage age was slightly higher than the past year and the formal education of women increased. The ideal children number, and the gravidity and mortality rates decresed. At the same time the number of induced abortions, the knowledge of family planning, and the acceptance rate of contraception increased. These phenomena seem to follow the present worldwide trend.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 1‐Sulfonyl Substituted Cyclopropenes with Alkyl Lithium Reagents. (1987)

Abstract The sulfonylcyclopropenes (I) react with the organo lithio compounds (II) to yield the substitution products (III).
Trajectory Planning for Robot Manipulators Considering Kinematic Constraints Using Probabilistic Roadmap Approach (2016)

Trajectory planning is a fundamental problem for industrial robots. It is particularly challenging for robot manipulators that transfer silicon wafers in an equipment front end module (EFEM) of a semiconductor manufacturing machine where the work space is extremely limited. Existing methods cannot give satisfactory performance since they usually solve the problem partially. Motivated by this demand in industrial applications and to solve all aspects of the problem, this paper proposes to learn the work environment beforehand by probabilistic roadmap (PRM) method for collision avoidance. The cycle time preference and the robot kinematic hard constraints are considered properly. A constrained optimization problem is formulated with the shortest path searched from the roadmap and parametrized by a cubic B-spline curve, which simplifies the optimization process.
Inhalational Anthrax Due to Bioterrorism: Would Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines Have Identified the 11 Patients with Inhalational Anthrax from October through November 2001? (2003)

A panel of 10 physicians used the nominal group technique to assess the ability of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible inhalational anthrax (IA) to retrospectively identify the 11 patients with IA seen during the October 2001 bioterrorism outbreak. The guidelines would not have identified 10 of 11 of these patients, primarily because the guidelines were designed to address only those patients with a known history of exposure or clearly identified environmental or occupational risk. The panel suggested revisions to the guidelines, primarily consisting of broadening the criteria for evaluation to include either known exposure or environmental occupational risk, or to include clinical symptoms consistent with IA. These extensions of the guidelines retrospectively identified 8 of 11 of the patients with IA from October 2001.
Conserved DNA sequence features underlie pervasive RNA polymerase pausing (2021)

Pausing of transcribing RNA polymerase is regulated and creates opportunities to control gene expression. Research in metazoans has so far mainly focused on RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter-proximal pausing leaving the pervasive nature of pausing and its regulatory potential in mammalian cells unclear. Here, we developed a pause detecting algorithm (PDA) for nucleotide-resolution occupancy data and a new native elongating transcript sequencing approach, termed nested NET-seq, that strongly reduces artifactual peaks commonly misinterpreted as pausing sites. Leveraging PDA and nested NET-seq reveal widespread genome-wide Pol II pausing at single-nucleotide resolution in human cells. Notably, the majority of Pol II pauses occur outside of promoter-proximal gene regions primarily along the gene-body of transcribed genes. Sequence analysis combined with machine learning modeling reveals DNA sequence properties underlying widespread transcriptional pausing including a new pause motif. Interestingly, key sequence determinants of RNA polymerase pausing are conserved between human cells and bacteria. These studies indicate pervasive sequence-induced transcriptional pausing in human cells and the knowledge of exact pause locations implies potential functional roles in gene expression.
Maintaining Communication Link for Tactical Ground Robots (2004)

The communication link between a tactical mobile robot and its control station is currently the Achilles heel of any ground robotic operation in the field. High-bandwidth digital radios, while providing the robot greater mobility than tethered links, perform mostly on lines of sight. The communication link degrades quickly as a robot penetrates the interior of a building, tunnel, or cave, or is shielded by intervening structures. We have demonstrated a solution to this problem through the use of autonomous mobile relay nodes. Each node is a small robot carrying a high-bandwidth digital radio. The relay robots convoy behind the main robot at the start of a mission, and automatically stop where needed to form an ad hoc network guaranteeing a link between the lead robot and the base station. This is accomplished without the need for an operator's intervention. The relay robots mobility allows for even more versatility in the network. At any instance, nodes that are not needed in the network have the ability to request a map that has been generated by the lead robot as it moves through the environment, and use it to rejoin the convoy, further extending the lead robot's range. This paper describes the system, strategy, hardware development, software algorithms, and experiments conducted. It also briefly describes a follow-on project that demonstrates automatic deployment of static relay bricks by the lead robot.
Synthesis of (1 → 2)-S-Linked Saccharides and S-Linked Glycoconjugates via a Palladium-G3-XantPhos Precatalyst Catalysis (2017)

Buchwald-Hartwig-Migita cross-coupling of 1-thiosugars with 2-iodoglycals has been accomplished under mild and operationally simple reaction conditions through the use of Pd-G3 XantPhos palladacycle precatalyst. This new methodology has been successfully applied to a variety of α- or β-mono-, di-, and polythiosugar derivatives to synthesize efficiently a series of (1 → 2)-S-linked thiosaccharides and S-linked glycoconjugates, which are difficult to synthesize by classical methods.
Resistance of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Cells to the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Binding Toxin Aerolysin (1999)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal stem cell disorder caused by a somatic mutation of the PIGA gene. The product of this gene is required for the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; therefore, the phenotypic hallmark of PNH cells is an absence or marked deficiency of all GPI-anchored proteins. Aerolysin is a toxin secreted by the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila and is capable of killing target cells by forming channels in their membranes after binding to GPI-anchored receptors. We found that PNH blood cells (erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes), but not blood cells from normals or other hematologic disorders, are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of aerolysin. The percentage of lysis of PNH cells after aerolysin exposure paralleled the percentage of CD59(+) cells in the samples measured by flow cytometry. The kinetics of red blood cell lysis correlated with the type of PNH erythrocytes. PNH type III cells were completely resistant to aerolysin, whereas PNH type II cells displayed intermediate sensitivity. Importantly, the use of aerolysin allowed us to detect PNH populations that could not be detected by standard flow cytometry. Resistance of PNH cells to aerolysin allows for a simple, inexpensive assay for PNH that is sensitive and specific. Aerolysin should also be useful in studying PNH biology.
Serum Levels of Adropin Improve the Predictability of MELD and Child-Pugh Score in Cirrhosis: Results of Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial (2023)

Adropin is a peptide that was suggested to have a role in cirrhosis. The present study aimed to determine the ability to use serum adropin levels to improve their prediction accuracy as an adjunct to the current scores. In a single-center, proof-of-concept study, serum adropin levels were determined in thirty-three cirrhotic patients. The data were analyzed in correlation with Child-Pugh and MELD-Na scores, laboratory parameters, and mortality. Adropin levels were higher among cirrhotic patients that died within 180 days (1,325.7 ng/dL vs. 870.3 ng/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and inversely correlated to the time until death (<i>r</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.74). The correlation of adropin serum levels with mortality was better than MELD or Child-Pough scores (<i>r</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.32 and 0.38, respectively). Higher adropin levels correlated with creatinine (<i>r</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.79. <i>p</i> < 0.01). Patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases had elevated adropin levels. Integrating adropin levels with the Child-Pugh and MELD scores improved their correlation with the time of death (correlation coefficient: 0.91 vs. 0.38 and 0.67 vs. 0.32). The data of this feasibility study suggest that combining serum adropin with the Child-Pugh score and MELD-Na score improves the prediction of mortality in cirrhosis and can serve as a measure for assessing kidney dysfunction in these patients.
Development of Nanostructured EuAl2O4 Phosphors with Strong Long-UV Excitation (2008)

Fueled by the need to develop novel materials for applications in solid state white-emitting lamps we have improved a new low-cost, clean and efficient technique to produce high luminescence phosphors with strong excitation in the long-UV range (350-400 nm) which makes them useful for applications in GaN-based solid state lamps. In this work, pressurized combustion synthesis has been successfully used to develop EuAl2O4 (europium aluminate), a new green photoluminescent material with monoclinic structure. The combustion synthesis reaction conditions can be adjusted to produce either the AlEuO3 orthorhombic phase at low pressures (0.1 MPa), or the new monoclinic EuAl2O4 phase, which is apparently more thermodynamically favorable at higher combustion reaction pressures (1.4 MPa). The luminescent material is a high surface area powder (approximately 50 m2/g) composed mainly of nanostructured needles and plates with 5-10 nm in diameter and 100-150 nm in length. A broad emission peak centered at 530 nm with a decay time of 1.5 approximately 2 ms is obtained at the maximum excitation wavelength lambda(exc) = 370 nm.
Dengue virus infection elicits highly polarized CX3CR1 + cytotoxic CD4 + T cells associated with protective immunity (2020)

Infections with any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1–4) are the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infections in humans. There is no treatment or vaccine currently available. We found that the virus-specific cells display a highly polarized cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with expression of a protective HLA DR allele. Although the occurrence of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in humans has been described in the context of some chronic viral infections, to our knowledge, this is the first report of ex vivo cytotoxic CD4+ activity after exposure with an acute virus. These results will help shed light on the specific role of CD4+ T cells in DENV infection and may help in finding a correlate of protection.
On the Discrepancy Between Kleinberg's Clustering Axioms and $k$-Means Clustering Algorithm Behavior (2017)

This paper investigates the validity of Kleinberg's axioms for clustering functions with respect to the quite popular clustering algorithm called $k$-means. While Kleinberg's axioms have been discussed heavily in the past, we concentrate here on the case predominantly relevant for $k$-means algorithm, that is behavior embedded in Euclidean space. We point at some contradictions and counter intuitiveness aspects of this axiomatic set within $\mathbb{R}^m$ that were evidently not discussed so far. Our results suggest that apparently without defining clearly what kind of clusters we expect we will not be able to construct a valid axiomatic system. In particular we look at the shape and the gaps between the clusters. Finally we demonstrate that there exist several ways to reconcile the formulation of the axioms with their intended meaning and that under this reformulation the axioms stop to be contradictory and the real-world $k$-means algorithm conforms to this axiomatic system.
Aseptic Loosening of Cobalt Chromium Monoblock Sockets after Hip Resurfacing (2015)

Risk factors for acetabular loosening included hip dysplasia with low CE angle, and a large cup abduction angle. The patient's level of activity influences the appearance of symptoms and the time to revision. We recommend selecting patients with a sufficient CE angle and properly orienting the cup.
Resonance fluorescence from two identical atoms in a standing-wave field (1993)

We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum from two identical atoms driven by a strong standing-wave field. We find interesting modifications of the Mollow spectrum, caused by interferences between the two atoms, and in particular a succession of ``dark'' and ``bright'' states as one of the atoms is moved to successive nodes of the field. Large enough separation between the atoms leads to their decorrelation and the disappearance of these interferences, the atoms acting then as independent radiators. From a technical viewpoint, we also illustrate how the use of superoperators in Liouville space keeps the discussion transparent and provides a convenient tool for numerical calculations.
A chip-scale oscillation-mode optomechanical inertial sensor near the thermodynamical limits (2020)

High-precision inertial sensing and gravity sensing are key in navigation, oil exploration, and earthquake prediction. In contrast to prior accelerometers using piezoelectric or electronic capacitance readout techniques, optical readout provides narrow-linewidth high-sensitivity laser detection along with low-noise resonant optomechanical transduction near the thermodynamical limits. Here an optomechanical inertial sensor with 8.2micro-g/Hz^1/2 velocity random walk (VRW) at acquisition rate of 100 Hz and 50.9 micro-g bias instability is demonstrated, suitable for consumer and industrial grade applications, e.g., inertial navigation, inclination sensing, platform stabilization, and/or wearable device motion detection. Driven into optomechanical sustained-oscillation, the slot photonic crystal cavity provides radio-frequency readout of the optically-driven transduction with enhanced 625 microg/Hz sensitivity. Measuring the optomechanically-stiffened oscillation shift, instead of the optical transmission shift, provides a 220x VRW enhancement over pre-oscillation mode detection due to the strong optomechanical transduction. Supported by theory, this inertial sensor operates 2.56x above the thermodynamical limit at small integration times, with 43-dB dynamic range, in a solid-state room-temperature readout architecture.