gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attribution Modeling Increases Efficiency of Bidding in Display\n Advertising (2017)

Predicting click and conversion probabilities when bidding on ad exchanges is\nat the core of the programmatic advertising industry. Two separated lines of\nprevious works respectively address i) the prediction of user conversion\nprobability and ii) the attribution of these conversions to advertising events\n(such as clicks) after the fact. We argue that attribution modeling improves\nthe efficiency of the bidding policy in the context of performance advertising.\nFirstly we explain the inefficiency of the standard bidding policy with respect\nto attribution. Secondly we learn and utilize an attribution model in the\nbidder itself and show how it modifies the average bid after a click. Finally\nwe produce evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed method on both offline\nand online experiments with data spanning several weeks of real traffic from\nCriteo, a leader in performance advertising.\n
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the Fab portion of the Alzheimer's disease immunotherapy candidate bapineuzumab complexed with amyloid-β (2014)

Bapineuzumab (AAB-001) and its derivative (AAB-003) are humanized versions of the anti-Aβ murine antibody 3D6 and are immunotherapy candidates in Alzheimer's disease. The common Fab fragment of these immunotherapies has been expressed, purified and crystallized in complex with β-amyloid peptides (residues 1-8 and 1-28). Diffraction data at high resolution were acquired from crystals of Fab-Aβ8 (2.0 Å) and Fab-Aβ28 (2.2 Å) complexes at the Australian Synchrotron. Both crystal forms belonged to the primitive orthorhombic space group P21221.
Accurate Approximations for a Function Appearing in the Analysis of Microstrip (Short Paper) (1984)

The function Q(x) defined in the body of the paper is approximated accurately over the entire range -1<= x < +1. The simple approximate formulas are then used to obtain some simple expressions for several quantities which are encountered in the quasistatic analysis of microstrip transmission line.
Use of Zirconium−Phosphate−Carbonate Chemistry to Immobilize Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Boron-Doped Diamond (2005)

We report on the formation of monomolecular layers of perylene- and pyrene-alkanoic acids on boron-doped diamond (BDD) substrates. The carboxylic acid layers are bound by coordination to zirconium phosphate (ZP) functionalities on the BDD substrate surface. The resulting Zr-phosphate-carbonate (ZPC) linkages between the substrate and the adlayer are asymmetric, of the form -(OPO3(2-) Zr4+-O2C-R)+ X-. Pyrene and perylene are well-established optical probes of polarity and viscosity at interfaces. We have used electrochemical and steady-state fluorescence techniques to study the loading density and behavior of these monomolecular films, allowing comparison of BDD and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Electrochemical data suggest that the pyrene chromophores are positioned roughly at the same distance from the surface, regardless of the length of the anchoring alkanoic acid chain, a finding that can be explained by the pyrene lying on the substrate surface. Such a conformation is plausible given the surface coverage (5 x 10(-11) mol/cm2, ca. 0.1 monolayer) we measure for these systems.
The Combitube® for failed intubation – Instructions for use (2001)

The Combitube is easy to use, but it might be years between occasions for use, and most likely the situation is stressful. Then, normal routines might be forgotten. We illustrate that the Combitube instructions would be improved by including a recommendation of cuff pressure monitoring.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Polycondensation of Bisalkynes with Dihaloarenes Activated by Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide or Silver(I) Oxide (2001)

Abstract The palladium(0)-catalyzed polycondensation of bis-trimethylsilylethynylated compounds with diiodoarenes to give the polymers bearing arylene-ethynylene moieties is carried out by the use of silver(I) oxide as an activator. Polycondensation of bifunctional terminal alkynes and aryl halides is also accomplished by the palladium-catalyzed cross coupling in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), or silver(I) oxide.
Chikungunya Virus: Emerging Targets and New Opportunities for Medicinal Chemistry (2013)

Chikungunya virus is an emerging arbovirus that is widespread in tropical regions and is spreading quickly to temperate climates with recent epidemics in Africa and Asia and documented outbreaks in Europe and the Americas. It is having an increasingly major impact on humankind, with potentially life-threatening and debilitating arthritis. There is no treatment available, and only in the past 24 months have lead compounds for development as potential therapeutics been reported. This Perspective discusses the chikungunya virus as a significant, new emerging topic for medicinal chemistry, highlighting the key viral target proteins and their molecular functions that can be used in drug design, as well as the most important ongoing developments for anti-chikungunya virus research. It represents a complete picture of the current medicinal chemistry of chikungunya, supporting the development of chemotherapeutics through drug discovery and design targeting this virus.
Relative activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase in 1,2-dimethyihydrazine-induced colon carcinomas in rats (1987)

Thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK) are known to catalyse the methylation of dUMP for the de novo synthesis of dTMP and the phosphorylation of thymidine for the salvage synthesis of dTMP in the pyrimidine pathway, respectively. High TS and TK activities and the existence of TK isozymes have been observed in rapidly proliferating tissues. TS and TK activities in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinomas in rats increased significantly to 331 and 207% of the activities in normal colon, respectively, and were well correlated inversely (y = -0.93x + 5.24), with a correlation coefficient of -0.787. The colonic TK isozymes were separated into two types by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The TK isozyme eluted from the column by the elution buffer alone without NaCl was markedly higher (23.6-fold) in activity in DMH-induced colon carcinoma than in normal control colon and was not affected by deoxycytidine triphosphate. This isozyme, whose mol. wt is 100,000 by h.p.l.c., is thought to be closely involved in rapid DNA replication. These results indicate that early biochemical changes in DMH-induced colon carcinoma in rats may serve as a useful model and provide valuable insight into the mechanisms involved in colonic carcinogenesis.
An 8-qubit quantum-circuit processor (2003)

Quantum-circuit processor (QCP) is a parallel processor that executes quantum algorithms at a processing speed comparable to a quantum computer. The QCP emulates the quantum superposition, utilizing massive silicon devices in the fractal hardware-architecture. Its design cost is relaxed due to that recursive structure although a huge amount of devices are required for it. In this paper, 8-qubit QCP was fabricated within a programmable logic device. This is the first realization of the 8-qubit-hardware quantum computing as far as we know. A factoring algorithm is demonstrated by using it in this paper.
IN THE NEWS (1995)

The World Moves On! Changes in the agencies and firms that service library needs continue to accumulate in a manner that suggests the new world will be very different from the old.
Concept of a staged FEL enabled by fast synchrotron radiation cooling of laser-plasma accelerated beam by solenoidal magnetic fields in plasma bubble (2017)

A novel method for generating GigaGauss solenoidal fields in a laser-plasma bubble, using screw-shaped laser pulses, has been recently presented. Such magnetic fields enable fast synchrotron radiation cooling of the beam emittance of laser-plasma accelerated leptons. This recent finding opens a novel approach for design of laser-plasma FELs or colliders, where the acceleration stages are interleaved with laser-plasma emittance cooling stages. In this concept paper, we present an outline of what a staged plasma-acceleration FEL could look like, and discuss further studies needed to investigate the feasibility of the concept in detail.
Temporal instruction fetch streaming (2008)

L1 instruction-cache misses pose a critical performance bottleneck in commercial server workloads. Cache access latency constraints preclude L1 instruction caches large enough to capture the application, library, and OS instruction working sets of these workloads. To cope with capacity constraints, researchers have proposed instruction prefetchers that use branch predictors to explore future control flow. However, such prefetchers suffer from several fundamental flaws: their lookahead is limited by branch prediction bandwidth, their accuracy suffers from geometrically-compounding branch misprediction probability, and they are ignorant of the cache contents, frequently predicting blocks already present in L1. Hence, L1 instruction misses remain a bottleneck. We propose temporal instruction fetch streaming (TIFS)-a mechanism for prefetching temporally-correlated instruction streams from lower-level caches. Rather than explore a programpsilas control flow graph, TIFS predicts future instruction-cache misses directly, through recording and replaying recurring L1 instruction miss sequences. In this paper, we first present an information-theoretic offline trace analysis of instruction-miss repetition to show that 94% of L1 instruction misses occur in long, recurring sequences. Then, we describe a practical mechanism to record these recurring sequences in the L2 cache and leverage them for instruction-cache prefetching. Our TIFS design requires less than 5% storage overhead over the baseline L2 cache and improves performance by 11% on average and 24% at best in a suite of commercial server workloads.
The premolten layer of ice next to a hydrophilic solid surface: correlating adhesion with molecular properties (2016)

In order to establish the potential correlation between the macroscopic ice adhesion and the molecular properties of the premolten layer (PML), the adhesion strength between ice and hydrophilic silica has been measured as a function of temperature. In addition, temperature-dependent molecular properties have been determined using techniques that are sensitive to different aspects of the PML, specifically total internal reflection (TIR) Raman, vibrational sum frequency (VSFS) and NMR spectroscopies. The ice shear adhesion strength was observed to increase linearly with decreasing temperature until -25 °C, where a plateau marked the adhesive strength having reached the cohesive strength of ice. Interestingly, at temperatures higher than -20 °C the ice samples slid on smooth (R<sub>a</sub> < 0.4 nm) silica surfaces. This sliding behavior was not observed on rougher silica surfaces (R<sub>a</sub> ∼ 6 nm). By varying the penetration depth of the evanescent field, TIR Raman was used to establish an upper limit to the thickness of the PML in contact with silica (<3 nm even at -0.3 K below the bulk melting temperature). Additional quantitative determination of the temperature-dependent thickness of the PML was obtained from <sup>2</sup>H NMR measurements in mesoporous silica particles. Finally, the inherently surface specific technique, VSFS, which probed changes in the hydrogen bond environment, indicated at approximately -25 °C the onset of PML, followed by a marked structural change occurring just a fraction of a degree below the melting temperature. Jointly, the experimental approaches link, strongly and consistently, ice adhesion to the PML properties. Specifically, it is inferred that the premolten layer facilitates sliding and contributes to the observed friction behavior, provided its thickness is comparable to the surface roughness of the underlying silica substrate.
Evaluating atmospheric models in the stratosphere using oceanic infrasound ambient noise. (2023)

Oceanic ambient noise (microbaroms) records are examined to retrieve information on the state of the middle atmosphere. We present an approach to compare ground-based infrasound observations with simulated infrasound detections obtained by combining a microbarom source model [1] with a semi-empirical attenuation law. Comparisons using this continuous and global infrasound source are presented for large time periods to assess performances on both seasonal and finer time scales. Infrasound detections obtained with a cross-correlation algorithm (PMCC) as well as with the new MCML (MultiChannel Maximum Likelihood) method [2] are considered. The sensitivity of simulated infrasound detections to the middle atmosphere model and to the propagation model (the transmission loss parametrisation) is evaluated. We discuss how this method may help to assess the performance of an atmospheric model in the middle atmosphere, as well as to select best members in an ensemble reanalysis.&amp;#160;[1] De Carlo, M., Accensi, M., Ardhuin, F., and Le Pichon, A.: ARROW (AtmospheRic InfRasound by Ocean Waves): a new real-time product for global ambient noise monitoring., EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23&amp;#8211;27 May 2022, EGU22-7564, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7564, 2022.[2] B Poste, M Charbit, A Le Pichon, C Listowski, F Roueff, J Vergoz, The multichannel maximum-likelihood (MCML) method: a new approach for infrasound detection and wave parameter estimation, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 232, Issue 2, February 2023, Pages 1099&amp;#8211;1112, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac377
Copy of U.S. / Russia Nuclear Technical Cooperation Past and Future. (2009)

Abstract not provided.
Comprehensive genomic profiling of penile squamous cell carcinoma and the impact of human papillomavirus status on immune‐checkpoint inhibitor‐related biomarkers (2023)

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy in the advanced setting, with poor prognosis and little success with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in an unselected patient approach. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known risk factor for pSCC; its impact on genomic tumor profiling is less defined. Using next-generation sequencing, we explored the genetic landscape and ICI-related biomarkers of pSCC and HPV-driven oncogenic molecular signatures. Our results indicate that HPV-positive and HPV-negative pSCCs are molecularly distinct tumors. Increased tumor mutational burden is associated with HPV-positive tumors, and could serve as a biomarker for predicting therapeutic response to ICI-based therapies. Our results support the growing literature indicating that HPV status in pSCC can be used to guide patient stratification in ICI-based clinical trials.
Tuned Mass Damper in Tall Building Design (1993)

Viscoelastic dN and tuned mass dampers are often used by tall building designers to control wind-induced building vibrations resulting from such phenomena as vortex shedding, galloping, flutter, etc. Such vibrations depend to a large degree on the building's geometry and dynamic characteristics and the local wind climatology. In this article, the dynamic behavior of tall buildings equipped with tuned mass dampers is studied. The application of the tuned mass damper device is illustrated by an example involving a 125-story steel framed super-tall building planned for the Los Angeles area.
Participation of Protein Kinases in the Stimulant Action of GLP-1 on 2-deoxy-D-glucose Uptake by Normal Rat Skeletal Muscle (2005)

Several protein kinases were recently proposed for involvement in GLP-1-stimulated D-glucose transport in skeletal muscle from both normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. This study was mainly aimed at investigating the effect of potential inhibitors of distinct protein kinases and protein phosphatase-1 upon insulin- and GLP-1-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose net uptake by normal rat skeletal muscle. The basal uptake of the D-glucose analog was decreased by wortmannin--a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor--, PD98059--a mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor--, and TNFalpha--a protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor--, but not by either rapamycin--a p70s6 kinase inhibitor--, or H-7--, a protein kinase C inhibitor--. The enhancing action of both insulin and GLP-1 upon 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport was abolished by PD98059 and H-7, but largely unaffected by TNFalpha. Wortmannin and rapamycin preferentially affected the response to GLP-1 and insulin, respectively. These findings thus document both analogies and dissimilarities in the participation of the concerned enzymes in the stimulant action of insulin versus GLP-1 upon D-glucose transport in normal rat skeletal muscle.
Test results of a prototype dielectric microcalorimeter (1990)

The initial development work on a dielectric microcalorimeter is presented. It focuses on the dielectric properties of the ferroelectric material KTa{sub 1-x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 3} (KTN). Measurements of the temperature dependent dielectric constant are given together with the first alpha particle detection results from a prototype composite microcalorimeter operating at 1.3 K. a non-thermal mechanism for detecting 6 MeV alpha particles in a monolithic KTN sample is also reported. 7 refs, 16 figs., 1 tab.
Phased-Array Laser Diode with Buried Optical Guides and Inverted Current Injection (1988)

A novel, phase-locked semiconductor laser diode array design is presented that utilizes current injection through the spacer regions between the waveguides to obtain fundamental supermode oscillation. The real-index waveguide array fabricated by selective disordering of multiquantum well optical guide layer, spatially removed from the active layer, is proposed.
Figure S5 from Reduced CD160 Expression Contributes to Impaired NK-cell Function and Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients with HCC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5 shows (A) Cumulative percentage and MFI of CD160+ NK cells following co-culturing with medium alone, TGF-β1, IL-10, or HCC patient plasma treated with or without anti-TGF-β1 or isotype control for 72h; and (B) CD160 expression level on NK cells from each HC cultured with medium alone at 0h and 72h.&lt;/p&gt;
Blood serotonin and tryptophan in Tourette syndrome (1990)

Blood serotonin and tryptophan levels were studied in 1,440 individuals. These included patients with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHA), or ADHD with a family history of TS (ADHD 2 degrees TS); relatives (parents, sibs) of these patients; other patients with TS-like disorders; and controls. There were significant decreases in the serotonin/platelet ratio (P = 0.0001) and in tryptophan (P less than 0.0001) in unmedicated patients with TS. Parents of TS patients showed a comparable, significant decrease in serotonin/platelet ratio (P less than 0.0001) and in tryptophan (P less than 0.0001), and there was no difference between parents with and without symptoms. This suggested that these were trait markers for the Gts gene and agrees with the proposal that TS patients are homozygous for Gts gene and that both parents are Gts gene carriers. Although there was no decrease in the serotonin/platelet ratio in ADHD patients, tryptophan levels were significantly decreased and there was a significant decrease in both the serotonin/platelet ratio and in tryptophan in the parents of patients with ADHD including those without a family history of TS. This is consistent with a close link between TS and ADHD. The basic defect may be a dysregulation of serotonin metabolism. The low blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in TS are consistent with the wide range of behavioral disorders seen in TS and suggest tryptophan oxygenase as a possible candidate gene.
A 400nW CMOS bandgap voltage reference (2013)

A resistorless 400 nano-Watts bandgap voltage reference in standard 0.25µ digital CMOS process is presented. Parasitic vertical bipolar transistors (BJT) are used to generate a series of cascaded thermal voltages (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> ), which is summed with a base-emitter voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BE</inf> ) to produce a ∼1.25V bandgap voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BG</inf> ). Statistical contributions of CMOS amplifiers' inherent random noise, offset, and drift terms to the V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BG</inf> are not multiplied but rather accumulated by the square root of number of additions, fundamentally because the proposed configuration uses summation and not multiplication to generate the bandgap's proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) term. Such a bandgap can operate at ultra-low currents (i.e. nano-amperes) without using (large size) resistors, which saves significant die area. This design does not require special transistors, and it does not stack parasitic BJTs that could impose V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> headroom constraints. Furthermore, the design does not use multi-staged (special hybrid or) CMOS voltage followers with built-in offset voltage to generate pseudo-PTAT voltage. Therefore, manufacturability and portability across different process nodes at standard CMOS foundries is optimized. Monte Carlo simulations and analysis demonstrates that a temperature coefficient (TC) of about ±50 ppm/°C over a 200°C temperature range can be achievable, and voltage coefficient of about ±0.2% / V with VDD spanning 1.5V to 4.5V can be realized.
Conclusion: the role, nature and control of state crime (2016)

This final chapter pulls all of the varying strands together. The chapter acknowledges the gaps in criminological understanding of State crime but calls for a more holistic approach to be taken: an approach that synthesises the nature of the new global hegemony of neo-liberalism, profit, governmental alliances, contraventions of international law, political violence/terrorism and the devastating consequences of inflicting social harm. In this latter respect, it is argued that the lens of social harm brings all the elements of such behaviour together. Social harm has a longitudinal dimension that keeps criminal and moral behaviour under scrutiny well beyond the initial, more obvious violations of morality and/or criminal law. Indeed, the socio-economic, ecological and psychological aftereffects of war, invasion, torture, genocide and unnecessary unemployment can be measured as they affect communities, families, the ecosystem, social infrastructure and communal health and livelihood issues. With a sense of optimism, the chapter argues that an examination of the dubious actions by the State and powerful can spark a prolonged sense of moral outrage in the eyes of public well beyond the initial atrocity and thus hold rogue state actions and the corrupt acts of the powerful more accountable.
Fluctuations in Plasma Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations During the Estrous Cycle of the Rat (1964)

Journal Article Fluctuations in Plasma Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations During the Estrous Cycle of the Rat Get access V. DOMINGO RAMIREZ, V. DOMINGO RAMIREZ 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. M. MCCANN S. M. MCCANN 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 May 1964, Pages 814–816, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-74-5-814 Published: 01 May 1964 Article history Received: 26 November 1963 Published: 01 May 1964