gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical cocrystals of nitrofurantoin: screening, characterization and crystal structure analysis (2012)

The objective of this study was to screen and prepare cocrystals of the poorly soluble drug nitrofurantoin (NTF) with the aim of increasing its solubility. Screening for cocrystals of NTF using 47 coformers was performed by high-throughput (HT) screening using liquid assisted grinding (LAG) methods. Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used as the primary analytical tools to identify the new crystalline solid forms. Manual LAG and reaction crystallization (RC) experiments were carried out to confirm and scale-up the hits. Seven hits were confirmed to be cocrystals. The cocrystals were characterized by PXRD, Raman and IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and liquid-state NMR or elemental analysis. The solution stability of the scaled-up cocrystals in water was tested by slurrying the cocrystals at 25 °C for one week. NTF forms cocrystals with a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio with urea (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), nicotinamide (3), citric acid (4), L-proline (5) and vanillic acid (6). In addition, NTF forms a 1 : 2 cocrystal with vanillin (7). All but one of the NTF cocrystals transformed (dissociated) in water, resulting in NTF hydrate crystalline material or NTF hydrate plus the coformer, which indicates that the transforming cocrystals have a higher solubility than the NTF hydrate under these conditions. The crystal structures of 1 : 1 NTF-citric acid (4) and 1 : 2 NTF-vanillin (7) were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of these two cocrystals were analyzed in terms of their supramolecular synthons.
Effect of developer surfactant on lithography process latitudes and post pattern defect concentration (2002)

The current work was done jointly between Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore and Tokuyama Corporation, Japan. Here the patterning performance of four different developers was evaluated. Three of these were with surfactant and one was without surfactant. The parameters evaluated were resist thickness loss, resist contrast, process windows such as depth of focus and exposure latitudes, across wafer critical dimension (CD) uniformity, and post pattern defect density. Feature sizes of 180 nm and 150 nm were evaluated for litho process latitudes. CD uniformity was also evaluated for 180 nm and 150 nm geometries. The resist loss was found to be minimum for developer A which was without surfactant. The depth of focus and exposure latitude of smaller geometry (150nm lines) in general showed better values for developers with surfactants. Developer solutions with surfactant also gave better across wafer CD uniformity for smaller geometries (150nm). Post pattern defects were found to be least with developer C that which contained nonionic type of surfactant and cationic one. Defects were highest for developer B which contained nonionic type of surfactant. The addition of optimum surfactant to developer has potential for reducing defects to lower levels and achieves better across wafer CD uniformity for smaller geometries.
A high-performance multiprocessor system for speech processing applications (2003)

A universal multiprocessor system has been developed for a variety of real-time speech processing applications, including isolated-word and connected-word recognition and medium-bit-rate speech analysis/synthesis. The throughput capability of the system for speech recognition is about 1000 actual word templates in real time. The main advantage of the system is that the same hardware can be used in different areas of man-machine communication; only different software modules have to be downloaded, depending on the application. Therefore, this system can serve as a basic component in future telecommunication services, where voice input/output is required for dialogue control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gain measurements of the C VI 3d–2p transition (18.2 nm) from the wall-confined carbon plasmas produced by a CO2 laser (1989)

We propose a 1-cm-long cylinder-type target as the gain medium of a recombination-pumped extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser. The gain medium plasma was pumped by a long-pulse CO2 laser (400 J energy in 50 ns pulse duration). At the C VI 3d–2p transition (18.2 nm) we obtained the gain-length product up to 2.4, which was estimated from the line intensity ratio of the axial to transverse directions. The electron temperature of 54 eV and density of 1.2×1019 cm−3 near the cylinder wall measured using soft-x-ray spectroscopy satisfied the condition for the generation of the population inversion between n=3 and 2 levels of the C VI ions.
Tracking Subpixel Targets with Critically Sampled Optics (2013)

ICPRAM2013 - International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods
Triplet Loss-less Center Loss Sampling Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition Scenarios (2023)

Facial expressions convey massive information and play a crucial role in emotional expression. Deep neural network (DNN) accompanied by deep metric learning (DML) techniques boost the discriminative ability of the model in facial expression recognition (FER) applications. DNN, equipped with only classification loss functions such as Cross-Entropy cannot compact intra-class feature variation or separate inter-class feature distance as well as when it gets fortified by a DML supporting loss item. The triplet center loss (TCL) function is applied on all dimensions of the sample's embedding in the embedding space. In our work, we developed three strategies: fully-synthesized, semi-synthesized, and prediction-based negative sample selection strategies. To achieve better results, we introduce a selective attention module that provides a combination of pixel-wise and element-wise attention coefficients using high-semantic deep features of input samples. We evaluated the proposed method on the RAF-DB, a highly imbalanced dataset. The experimental results reveal significant improvements in comparison to the baseline for all three negative sample selection strategies.
Study on Friction Model of Linear Ball Guideway for Precision Positioning Control (3rd Report) (2008)

Positioning devices which are composed with linear ball guideways and a linear motor are increased in recent precision positioning field. However, it is a difficult problem to achieve precision or ultra-precision positioning because rolling frictional force of the linear ball guideways is a disturbance force. Therefore, a frictional compensation is implemented by a controller. In this paper, one-axis positioning apparatus using a voice coil motor as an actuator is constructed. Moreover, several control methods are full-closed loop of measured displacement feed-back, feed-forward control of reference position and feed-forward control as like inverse transfer function using nonlinear frictional model proposed by authors. The equivalent spring constant of the nonlinear frictional model changes by the displacement. As implementing positioning tests, it is verified that the feed forward control using the nonlinear frictional model is effective for achieving the precision positioning.
DDEL-17CSF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS IN BRAIN CANCER PATIENTS ON HIGH-DOSE ERLOTINIB (2015)

Failure of brain cancer patients to respond to traditional doses of small molecule inhibitors necessitates a change in the treatment paradigm. We hypothesize that alternate high-dose pulsatile regimens would effectively target brain tumors in such patients. Here, we present the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of high-dose erlotinib in patients with primary glioma or metastatic NSCLC patients. Among the five patients examined, erlotinib concentrations reached up to 131nM in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), when high-dose erlotinib was administered at 600 to 1200 mg every four to six days. Additionally, CSF drug clearance was decreased, with an increased dosing regimen in one of the patients. In one patient, the area under the curve (AUC) estimations increased by 24% for the CSF, but only 2% increase for the plasma, following an increase in dose from 150 mg to 600 mg of erlotinib. Importantly, increasing CSF concentrations of erlotinib directly correlated with effects on kinase activity in tumor cells from the CSF. Thus, our data indicate that high-dose pulsatile erlotinib improves its CSF pharmacokinetics; moreover, this regimen is associated with a corresponding pharmacodynamic effect on tumors. Our approach may overcome the blood-brain barrier, and prove transformative for the treatment of patients with primary and metastatic brain cancers.
A new family of soft switching PWM non-isolated DC-DC converters with Active auxiliary Edge-Resonant Cell (2010)

This paper is concerned with a family of soft switching Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) DC-DC converter employing a novel Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching(ZVZCS) Active auxiliary Edge-Resonant Cell(AERC). The non-isolated DC-DC converters introduced here can achieve a high frequency ZVS and ZCS operations in a main and an auxiliary switch with minimizing the voltage and current stresses as well as circulating currents. For demonstrating the effectiveness of the new soft switching cell, the boost DC-DC converter is evaluated by simulations and experiments using its 100 kHz laboratory prototype. In addition to that, the one-switch dual boost DC- DC converter is newly demonstrated as the new AERC-applied high voltage step-up power converter.
Thermodynamics in Micellar Solutions:  Confirmation of Complex Formation between Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Polyethylene Glycol (1997)

The interactions between sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 10000) were investigated through density and heat capacity measurements at 298.15 K. From experimental data, apparent and transfer properties of solutes were deduced. The changes of these properties with the concentration of each solute are characteristic of the existence of preponderant hydrophobic interactions between SDS and PEG which lead to the formation of a rather stable complex corresponding to a ratio [EO]/[SDS] of about 2.3, [EO] being the concentration in repeat units of the polymer. When saturation of the polymer is attained, the properties of small adsorbed micelles are no more affected by the polymer in excess. While SDS is in excess, beyond polymer saturation, free normal micelles are identified in solution. This latter consideration is also verified when SDS concentrations are exceeding 0.2 mol·kg-1 while the structure of micelles is changed in water−surfactant solutions. Our results show that until its complete saturation the polymer inhibits this transition, whereas at larger SDS concentrations, the free micelles in excess are able to undergo the postmicellar transition as observed in the absence of polymer.
[Fibrinolysis, interleukins and coronary atherosclerosis]. (1992)

The study of the fibrinolytic system and the activity of interleukin 1 and 2 in 75 patients with various cardial manifestations of atherosclerosis (angina of effort, angina decubitus, arrhythmia, symptomatic hypertension) revealed a decrease in the activity of plasminogen--a blood activator--in patients with angina of effort, angina decubitus and cardiac arrhythmias. In those with atherosclerotic hypertension the activatory activity was in the normal limits. A decrease in the activity of interleukin 1 and 2 was noted in all those examined.
J. Heffer, J.-L. Robert, P. Saly, Outils statistiques pour les historiens, Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris, 1981 (1981)

Genet Jean-Philippe. J. Heffer, J.-L. Robert, P. Saly, Outils statistiques pour les historiens, Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris, 1981. In: Le médiéviste et l'ordinateur, N°6, automne 1981. p. 22.
Serpiginous Choroiditis With Branch Vein Occlusion and Bilateral Periphlebitis (1988)

To the Editor. —Serpiginous choroiditis is a recurrent, bilateral, multifocal inflammatory disease. Branch vein occlusion, retinal phlebitis, optic disc drusen, and elevated toxoplasmosis titers were unusual associated findings in the case described below. Report of a Case. —A healthy 42-year-old man noted blurring of the vision in his right eye. Visual acuity was 6/24 OD and 6/9 OS. Funduscopic examination disclosed multiple, oval, atrophic choroidal lesions and small optic disc drusen in both eyes. In the right eye, intraretinal hemorrhage characteristic of a branch vein occlusion was seen superotemporally along with focal areas of periphlebitis (Fig 1). In the left eye, an active gray-white lesion contiguous with a geographic zone of choroidal atrophy was present inferior to the macula along with periphlebitis (Fig 2). No cells were present in the vitreous cavity or in the anterior segment. The sedimentation rate, serum fluorescent treponomal antibody absorption, VDRL, and angiotensin-converting enzyme, complete
Enhanced 911 Mechanism for Internet Telephony Service (2007)

Internet users are rapidly increased, and various services, which use Internet, are invented. Internet telephony service is one of them. As Internet services become an ever more important part of people lives - backed by a marked increase in the number of Internet population - a flow of value-added Web services have been introduced to the market. Internet telephony service was born as a more economical means than public switched telephony network (PSTN) service in terms of call charge, but more recently is being hailed as an efficient means to create new added-values integrating various Internet multimedia services such as video phone, multi-party conference, and instant messaging. After emerging as a star player in the market with innovative technologies, however, VoIP has recently been challenged as the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued an order "requiring all VoIP providers to provide their customers with emergency call service" in May 2005. Internet telephony users have an expectation to be able to initiate a request for help in case of an emergency. The problem arises for originating calls made to emergency services, where VoIP devices move while identifiers remain the same and the caller's location cannot be provided. So, unfortunately the existing mechanisms to support emergency calls that have evolved within the PSTN, are not appropriate to handle evolving IP-based telephony service. In this paper, we introduce E911 service and suggest the mechanisms that solve the problem of E911 service calling on SIP-based VoIP system.
Simulation model and on-ground performances validation of the PAT system for the SILEX program (1991)

A description of the simulation model and the on-ground performances validation of the Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) subsystem and of the European SILEX program is presented. The SILEX scenario is composed of two terminals mounted on LEO orbit (SPOT 4) and geostationary orbit (ARTEMIS) spacecrafts. The PAT subsystem is in charge of the initialization of the link, of the tracking of the incoming beam and of the pointing of the emitted laser beam. A short description of the retained strategies (phases of the PAT mission and operating modes) and functional architecture (control laws and sampling frequencies) is presented. In order to validate the PAT performance assessment, a complete simulation software is developed. The model (equipment modeling, dynamical simulation of the terminal structure, and operating modes management) and the associated outputs are examined in detail. The chosen design and architecture of the PAT validation on a system testbed (STB) are described. The validation of a pointing system for optical intersatellite communication, thanks to the combination of simulations and STB measurements, is shown.
Preemptive Detection of Cyber Attacks on Industrial Control Systems (2015)

Industrial Control Systems (ICSes), networked through conventional IT infrastructures, are vulnerable to attacks originating from network channels. Perimeter security techniques such as access control and firewalls have had limited success in mitigating such attacks due to the frequent updates required by standard computing platforms, third-party hardware and embedded process controllers. The high level of human-machine interaction also aids in circumventing perimeter defenses, making an ICS susceptible to attacks such as reprogramming of embedded controllers. The Stuxnet and Aurora attacks have demonstrated the vulnerabilities of ICS security and proved that these systems can be stealthily compromised. We present several run-time methods for preemptive intrusion detection in industrial control systems to enhance ICS security against reconfiguration and network attacks. A run-time prediction using a linear model of the physical plant and a neural-network based classifier trigger mechanism are proposed for preemptive detection of an attack. A standalone, safety preserving, optimal backup controller is implemented to ensure plant safety in case of an attack. The intrusion detection mechanism and the backup controller are instantiated in configurable hardware, making them invisible to operating software and ensuring their integrity in the presence of malicious software. Hardware implementation of our approach on an inverted pendulum system illustrates the performance of both techniques in the presence of reconfiguration and network attacks.
An integrated approach to the management of Alzheimer's disease: assessing cognition, function and behaviour (1998)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deterioration in the domains of cognition, function and behaviour. Cognitive decline is manifest as short‐term memory, language and visuospatial deficits. These, along with deficits in perception and executive function affect the patient's ability to function, as indicated by loss of ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Abnormal behaviours, including depression, delusions and aggression are frequently a feature of Alzheimer's disease, occurring at different stages of the disease. Although Alzheimer's disease is primarily associated with cognitive deficits, functional decline and aberrant behaviours are its most problematic aspects for both patients and their caregivers. Loss of ability to perform ADLs imposes the need for increased levels of care. Moreover, caregiver burden is closely associated with the type and severity of behavioural disturbances. Although cognition is correlated with ability to perform ADLs, the fact that behavioural symptoms also play a role in deteriorating function means that cognitive testing alone cannot accurately predict disease progression. Hence, an integrated approach, involving measurement of cognition, function and behaviour is required for accurate diagnosis, assessment of the stage and progression of dementia, the effects of intervention, and the amount and type of assistance that the Alzheimer's disease patient requires.
<title>Minefield overwatch using moving target indicator radar</title> (1999)

Traditional antipersonnel land mines are an effective military tool, but they are unable to distinguish friend from foe, or civilian from military personnel. The concept described here uses an advanced moving target indicator (MTI) radar to scan the minefield in order to detect movement towards or within the minefield, coupled with visual identification by a human operator and a communication link for command and control. Selected mines in the minefield can then be activated by means of the command link. In order to demonstrate this concept, a 3D, interactive simulation has been developed. This simulation builds on previous work by integrating a detailed analytical model of an MTI radar. This model has been tailored to the specific application of detection of slowly moving dismounted entities immersed in ground clutter. The model incorporates the effects of internal scatterer motion and antenna scanning modulation in order to provide a realistic representation of the detection problem in this environment. The angle information on the MTI target detection is then passed to a virtual 3D sight which cues a human operator to the target location. In addition, radar propagation effects and an experimental design in which the radar itself is used as a command link are explored.
A versatile and stereocontrolled synthesis of hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA versatile and stereocontrolled synthesis of hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteresPeter Herold, Rudolph Duthaler, Grety Rihs, and Christof AngstCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1178–1185Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00266a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views688Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A line and load independent constant-frequency zero-voltage-switching series resonant converter (2014)

Frequency modulation is often used in series resonant converters to gain output voltage regulation. Variable frequency however brings challenges for EMI filter and switch driver design and the desirable zero voltage switching cannot be maintained at light load conditions. This paper presents time-domain steady-state analysis of fixed-frequency series resonant converters with phase shift modulation. Three operation modes are identified and the mode boundaries are demonstrated. Based on this a passive robust auxiliary circuit is proposed to ensure the zero voltage switching of the converter in all three modes. The achievement of zero voltage switching is confirmed by experimental results.
Steady and oscillatory regimes of convective instability in multilayer systems (1994)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published