gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of inhibition of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase by sethoxydim and haloxyfop (1991)

The mechanism of inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by sethoxydim and haloxyfop was examined using a semipurified enzyme preparation extracted from Black Mexican Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.) suspension-culture cells. As determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, the enzyme preparation contained a major biotin-containing polypeptide (Mr 222,000) and a minor biotincontaining polypeptide (Mr 73,400). The kinetics of enzyme inhibition by sethoxydim and haloxyfop were determined for the substrates MgATP, HCO3−, and acetyl-CoA. Sethoxydim and haloxyfop were linear, noncompetitive inhibitors for the three substrates, and the pattern of inhibition was similar for both herbicides. The Kis values for sethoxydim were 1.9, 5.6, and 13.3 μM for acetyl-CoA, HCO3−, and MgATP, respectively. The Kis values for haloxyfop were 0.36, 0.87, and 2.89 μM for acetyl-CoA, HCO3−, and MgATP, respectively. For both herbicides, Kis < Kii for acetyl-CoA, whereas Kii < Kis for MgATP and HCO3−. The kinetic data suggest that the transcarboxylation reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA → malonyl-CoA) is more sensitive to inhibition than is the biotin carboxylation reaction. Kinetic analysis also indicated that sethoxydim and haloxyfop are reversible, mutually exclusive inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Bubble-free aeration using membranes: process analysis (1988)

L'aeration des boues activees par des membranes synthetiques de polymeres permet une oxygenation sans bulle. Ce systeme permet l'epuration d'eaux usees industrielles sans formation de mousse
Drug Addiction (2003)

The neuropsychiatric mechanisms of drug addiction are complex, fascinating, and clinically important. This article reviews the genetic factors, receptor-mediated processes, and anatomical structures involved in drug addiction.
Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Graphene on Sapphire: Toward Fab‐Compatible Graphene (2019)

The adoption of graphene in electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics is hindered by the difficulty in obtaining high-quality material on technologically relevant substrates, over wafer-scale sizes, and with metal contamination levels compatible with industrial requirements. To date, the direct growth of graphene on insulating substrates has proved to be challenging, usually requiring metal-catalysts or yielding defective graphene. In this work, a metal-free approach implemented in commercially available reactors to obtain high-quality monolayer graphene on c-plane sapphire substrates via chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. Low energy electron diffraction, low energy electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements identify the Al-rich reconstruction <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mn>31</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mn>31</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ° of sapphire to be crucial for obtaining epitaxial graphene. Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements reveal high-quality graphene with mobilities consistently above 2000 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> . The process is scaled up to 4 and 6 in. wafers sizes and metal contamination levels are retrieved to be within the limits for back-end-of-line integration. The growth process introduced here establishes a method for the synthesis of wafer-scale graphene films on a technologically viable basis.
Localization of the human A1S9 gene complementing the ts A1S9 mouse L-cell defect in DNA replication and cell cycle progression to Xp11.2→p11.4 (1990)

The temperature-sensitive ts A1S9 mouse L-cell mutant is defective in an X-linked gene essential for progression of cells through the S phase of the cell division cycle. A single copy fragment derived from the complementing human A1S9 gene was used as a probe to localize the gene on the X chromosome. Southern blot analysis of human x rodent hybrids and in situ hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes allowed the regional assignment of the human A1S9 gene to Xp11.2----p11.4.
Change in Voltage Distortion Predictions at the PCC Due to Changing Nonlinear Load Current Profile Using Plant Startup Data (2007)

Customer loads connected to electricity supply systems may be broadly categorized as either linear or nonlinear. Nonlinear loads inject harmonics in a power distribution network. The interaction of the nonlinear load harmonics with the network impedances creates voltage distortions at the point of common coupling (PCC) which in turn affects other loads connected to the same PCC. When several nonlinear loads are connected to the PCC, it is difficult to predict mathematically how each nonlinear load is affecting the voltage distortion level at the PCC. Typically, customers with nonlinear loads apply harmonic filtering techniques to clean up their current and avoid penalties from the utility. When corrective action is taken by the customer, one important parameter of interest is the change in the voltage distortion level at the PCC due to the corrective action of the customer. This paper proposes a new method based on neural networks to predict the change in the distortion level of the voltage at the PCC if the customer were to draw only fundamental current and filter out its harmonics. The benefit of the proposed method is that it would indicate the impact of the customer's front end filters on the voltage distortion at the PCC without actually having to install the filters. This paper presents the results of the proposed method applied to actual industrial sites.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Coffee component hydroxyl hydroquinone (HHQ) as a putative ligand for PPAR gamma and implications in breast cancer (2013)

This is the first report on the anti-breast cancer (in vitro) activity of HHQ.
Amorphous silicon: Vehicle and test bed for large‐area electronics (2010)

Abstract This paper is an informal transcript of the Mott Lecture given at ICANS 23 in Utrecht. While the writer was fortunate to still have seen and heard Sir Nevill Mott at conferences, he came to know him mostly through stories and comments that told of his enthusiasm, his wide‐ranging interests, and the pleasure of interacting with him. Nevill Mott was the guide in preparing this brief account of the success story that amorphous silicon has become, and of what still may come of it. What would he have liked to learn about it today? The Lecture and the present account also reflect the writer's research interest in electronic materials. He wants to convey his opinion that hydrogenated forms of thin‐film silicon, having become the foundation of a large industry, still hold tremendous promise for research and for application. magnified image
Cu crystallographic texture control in Cu/refractory-metal layered structure as interconnects (1997)

The effect of underlayer texture on Cu film orientation has been studied. The crystallographic orientation of sputter-deposited Cu film depends strongly on the underlayer refractory-materials. Cu (111) orientation can be controlled by changing the preferred orientation of the TiN underlayer that has the same cubic structure as Cu. TEM observation of the Cu/RTN–TiN interface has revealed that the Cu (111) plane grows epitaxially on the TiN (111) plane. It has been also clarified that the atomic arrangement between the Cu (111) and TiN (111) planes has a rotational angle within ±10° around the 〈111〉 axis.
Harmonic tracking of acoustic radiation force-induced displacements (2013)

Ultrasound-based elasticity imaging methods rely upon accurate estimates of tissue deformation to characterize the mechanical properties of soft tissues. These methods are corrupted by clutter, which can bias and/or increase variance in displacement estimates. Harmonic imaging methods are routinely used for clutter suppression and improved image quality in conventional B-mode ultrasound, but have not been utilized in ultrasound-based elasticity imaging methods. We introduce a novel, fully-sampled pulse-inversion harmonic method for tracking tissue displacements that corrects the loss in temporal sampling frequency associated with conventional pulse-inversion techniques. The method is implemented with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging to monitor the displacements induced by an impulsive acoustic radiation force excitation. Custom pulse sequences were implemented on a diagnostic ultrasound scanner to collect spatially-matched fundamental and harmonic information within a single acquisition. B-mode and ARFI images created from fundamental data collected at 4 MHz and 8 MHz are compared with 8-MHz harmonic images created using a band-pass filter approach and the fully sampled pulse-inversion method. In homogeneous, tissue-mimicking phantoms, where no visible clutter was observed, there was little difference in the axial displacements, estimated jitter, and normalized cross-correlation among the fundamental and harmonic tracking methods. The similarity of the lower- and higher-frequency methods suggests that any improvement resulting from the increased frequency of the harmonic components is negligible. The harmonic tracking methods demonstrated a marked improvement in B-mode and ARFI image quality of in vivo carotid arteries. Improved feature detection and decreased variance in estimated displacements were observed in the arterial walls of harmonic ARFI images, especially in the pulse-inversion harmonic ARFI images. Within the lumen, the harmonic tracking methods improved the discrimination of the blood–vessel interface, making it easier to visualize plaque boundaries. Improvements in harmonic ARFI images in vivo were consistent with suppressed clutter supported by improved contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the matched harmonic B-mode images compared with the fundamental B-mode images. These results suggest that harmonic tracking methods can improve the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-based elasticity imaging methods.
Neurotrophins BDNF and NT‐3 promote axonal re‐entry into the distal host spinal cord through Schwann cell‐seeded mini‐channels (2001)

Abstract To promote axonal regeneration in the injured adult spinal cord, a two‐phase repair strategy was employed to (i) bridge a spinal cord hemilesion cavity with a grafted Schwann cell (SC)‐seeded mini‐channel, and (ii) promote axonal re‐entry into the distal cord by infusing two neurotrophins, BDNF and/or NT‐3, directly into the distal cord parenchyma. Here we report that infusion of two neurotrophins, delivered alone or in combination, effectively promotes axonal outgrowth from SC‐seeded mini‐channels into the distal host spinal cord. When an anterogradely transported marker, PHA‐L or BDA, was injected into the spinal cord 3 mm rostral to the graft, a large number of axons was observed to regenerate from the SC graft into the distal cord in neurotrophin‐treated groups. A subpopulation of these axons was found to grow up to 6 mm within the distal spinal cord. These axons, which were confined mainly within the grey matter, arborized and formed structures which resemble terminal boutons. In channels containing no SCs, the infusion of neurotrophins did not promote axonal ingrowth from the proximal cord stump. In cases which received SC grafts but no neurotrophin infusion, axonal re‐entry into the distal cord was limited. Thus, the present study demonstrates that regenerating axons not only cross a lesion site when a permissive cellular bridge is provided but also penetrate into the distal host spinal cord and elongate for a distance of several cord segments after the infusion of two neurotrophins. The latter event is prerequisite for establishment of appropriate connections between regenerating axons and target neurons and thus, functional recovery.
The Value of Familiarity: Effects of Experience, Knowledge and Signals on Willingness to Pay for a Public Good (2013)

This paper compares how increases in experience versus increases in knowledge about a public good affect willingness to pay (WTP) for its provision. This is challenging because while consumers are often certain about their previous experiences with a good, they may be uncertain about the accuracy of their knowledge. We therefore design and conduct a field experiment in which treated subjects receive a precise and objective signal regarding their knowledge about a public good before estimating their WTP for it. Using data for two different public goods, we show qualitative equivalence of the effect of knowledge and experience on valuation for a public good. Surprisingly, though, we find that the causal effect of objective signals about the accuracy of a subject’s knowledge for a public good can dramatically affect their valuation for it: treatment causes an increase of $150-$200 in WTP for well-informed individuals. We find no such effect for less informed subjects. Our results imply that WTP estimates for public goods are not only a function of true information states of the respondents but beliefs about those information states.
An RNA recognition motif-containing protein is required for plastid RNA editing in Arabidopsis and maize (2013)

Plant RNA editing modifies cytidines (C) to uridines (U) at specific sites in the transcripts of both mitochondria and plastids. Specific targeting of particular Cs is achieved by pentatricopeptide proteins that recognize cis elements upstream of the C that is edited. Members of the RNA-editing factor interacting protein (RIP) family in Arabidopsis have recently been shown to be essential components of the plant editosome. We have identified a gene that contains a pair of truncated RIP domains (RIP-RIP). Unlike any previously described RIP family member, the encoded protein carries an RNA recognition motif (RRM) at its C terminus and has therefore been named Organelle RRM protein 1 (ORRM1). ORRM1 is an essential plastid editing factor; in Arabidopsis and maize mutants, RNA editing is impaired at particular sites, with an almost complete loss of editing for 12 sites in Arabidopsis and 9 sites in maize. Transfection of Arabidopsis orrm1 mutant protoplasts with constructs encoding a region encompassing the RIP-RIP domain or a region spanning the RRM domain of ORRM1 demonstrated that the RRM domain is sufficient for the editing function of ORRM1 in vitro. According to a yeast two-hybrid assay, ORRM1 interacts selectively with pentatricopeptide transfactors via its RIP-RIP domain. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the RRM in ORRM1 clusters with a clade of RRM proteins that are targeted to organelles. Taken together, these results suggest that other members of the ORRM family may likewise function in RNA editing.
The effects of different fixatives on the porcine integument (1987)

The porcine integument is structurally similar to the human integument and is frequently used in dermatological studies. To assess the viability of porcine skin or to study cutaneous toxicity, normal cells and organelles must be optimally preserved with minimum alteration from the living state. Several investigators have proposed different fixation methods to study the integument. However, some of these methods are not appropriate for the porcine species. The objective of this study is to assess different fixatives and osmolalities for the porcine integument. Skin samples were obtained from Yorkshire pigs, minced and placed in one of the following fixatives overnight at 4°C; 1. 2% glutaraldehyde(G) in O.1M phosphate buffer (PB) (397 mOsm), 2. 2% G in 0.2M PB (535mOsm), 3. 4% G in 0.1M PB (566 mOsm), 4. 4% G in 0.2M PB (786 mOsm), 5. 4% formaldehyde and 1% G in PB (1774mOsm), 6. 5% G and 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.2M cacodylate buffer (CB) (1522mOsm), 7. 2.5% G and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.2M CB (976mOsm).
173-ps wavelength switching of four WDM channels using an OTDM channel selector (2002)

Ultrafast wavelength switching is demonstrated using an optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) channel selector based on the parallel optical delay line. The OTDM channel selector, capable of rapidly placing 12.5-GHz pulses in any of four timeslot channels in an 80-ps bit period, injects optical pulses into the control port of a TOAD. Four pulses of different wavelengths generated from a 12.5-GHz supercontinuum source are time-interleaved and enter the input port of the terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD). The resulting system is capable of switching the output wavelengths at the output of the TOAD with an average latency time of 173 ps, and a maximum latency time of 320 ps.
Animatronic soft robots by additive folding (2018)

This paper presents a new class of animatronic soft robots created by a desktop fabrication mechanism called additive folding. In this method, two-dimensional (2D) slices are threaded by multiple strings, accordion-folded by flexure hinges and finally stacked into a predefined three-dimensional (3D) structure. As the 3D assembly of the slices is controlled by embedded strings, it becomes an animatronic soft robot that moves like a biological creature and that shows life-like movements. We create a computational design algorithm that takes as input a desired 3D geometry of the robot, and that produces a 2D surface with built-in folds and string-based actuators. This paper describes the entire robot design process and demonstrates various animatronic motions, highlighting the vision of desktop fabrication technology and its potential applications in animatronics and robotic art.
Aggressive variant of splenic marginal zone lymphoma characterized using a cancer panel test and treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy (2020)

This is a case of AV-SMZL in which a cancer panel test successfully detected genetic alterations that are potentially associated with its pathogenesis. These findings suggest that genetic analysis is useful for making diagnoses as well as for determining treatment strategies in AV-SMZL.
Real-time estimation of the passive attenuation for otoacoustic emission measurement probes (2017)

Despite hearing loss prevention programs in place at work, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains the first reported occupational disease. To improve the detection of over-exposure to noise, an initial proof-of-concept for field monitoring of inner-ear health using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) was developed and successfully validated in laboratory conditions. However, in real-life situations, the unsupervised placement of the OAE probes remains a challenge: proper fit of the probe in the ear canal is required to ensure adequate hearing protection of the wearer, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of OAE measurements and to maintain the proper calibration of stimuli signals in the case of the Distortion Product OAE (DPOAE) approach used. Algorithms were recently developed to quantify, in real-time, from the OAE probe microphones and receivers signals, the passive attenuation of the OAE probes. The validation of this approach was conducted, in laboratory conditions, on five human subjects exposed to industrial and pink noise recordings at realistic levels.
Time-to-Digital Converter Using a Tuned-Delay Line Evaluated in 28-, 40-, and 45-nm FPGAs (2016)

This paper proposes a bin-width tuning method for a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based delay line for a time-to-digital converter (TDC). Changing the hit transitions and sampling patterns of the carry chain considering delays of the sum and carry-out bins can improve the bin-width uniformity and thus measurement precision. The proposed sampling method was evaluated and compared with the ordinary tapped-delay-line (TDL) method in three different types of FPGAs: Kintex-7, Virtex-6, and Spartan-6. The linearity, equivalent bin width, and measurement precision improved for all the evaluated FPGAs by adopting the proposed method. The measurement precision obtained using the simple TDL architecture is comparable with other complex TDC architectures. In addition, the proposed method improves bin-width uniformity and measurement precision while maintaining the advantages of TDL TDCs, that is, fast conversion rate and small resource usage. Furthermore, the enhanced linearity of the delay line can also improve other carry-chain-based FPGA-TDCs.
Identification and Characterization of Peptides Binding to Newcastle Disease Virus by Phage Display (2005)

Three individual peptide sequences, EVSHPKVG, WVTTSNQW, and SGGSNRSP, which have potentials to bind to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), were identified by the biopanning method using phage display technology. The binding specificities of these peptides presented on phages were confirmed by ELISA competition assay using chicken anti-NDV antiserum. The synthetic peptides designed based on these results partially neutralized the infection of NDV in vitro. The peptide-motives identified here have the potential to lead to the identification of novel molecules that inhibit the NDV infection independent of the immune system.
Selenium in the prevention of human cancers (2010)

Selenium is an essential element with remarkable chemical properties. The similarity to sulphur results in a number of chemical interactions mainly connected to thiols and redox processes. The element modulates cell growth; in low concentrations it is absolutely required for growth and an essential component of serum free growth media. However moderate to high concentrations potently inhibit cell growth. The inhibitory effects are tumour specific and selenium induces apoptosis in malignant cells at concentrations that do not affect the viability of normal cells. Depending on concentration and chemical form selenium may prevent or treat tumour disease. Selenium supplementation has been found to be of value in preventing hepatocellular cancer by hepatitis B, in reducing the incidence of liver cancer in general and in decreasing mortality of colorectal, lung and prostate cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the preventive effects of selenium with special emphasis on major human tumours. The unique chemical properties along with metabolism and preventive mechanisms are also discussed.
Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Apparent Degree of Supersaturation in Supersaturated Lipid-Based Formulations: A Pilot Study (2021)

In response to the increasing application of machine learning (ML) across many facets of pharmaceutical development, this pilot study investigated if ML, using artificial neural networks (ANNs), could predict the apparent degree of supersaturation (aDS) from two supersaturated LBFs (sLBFs). Accuracy was compared to partial least squares (PLS) regression models. Equilibrium solubility in Capmul MCM and Maisine CC was obtained for 21 poorly water-soluble drugs at ambient temperature and 60 °C to calculate the aDS ratio. These aDS ratios and drug descriptors were used to train the ML models. When compared, the ANNs outperformed PLS for both sLBF<sub>Capmul</sub><sup>MC</sup> (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> 0.90 vs. 0.56) and sLBF<sub>Maisine</sub><sup>LC</sup> (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> 0.83 vs. 0.62), displaying smaller root mean square errors (RMSEs) and residuals upon training and testing. Across all the models, the descriptors involving reactivity and electron density were most important for prediction. This pilot study showed that ML can be employed to predict the propensity for supersaturation in LBFs, but even larger datasets need to be evaluated to draw final conclusions.
Functionalization of Unprotected Uracil Derivatives Using the Halogen−Magnesium Exchange (2007)

[reaction: see text] The reaction of commercially available 5-iodouracil with 2 equiv of MeMgCl in the presence of LiCl, followed by the addition of i-PrMgCl.LiCl, provides the corresponding trimagnesiated species, which reacts with various electrophiles to give selectively 5-functionalized uracil derivatives. This method was also successfully applied to the functionalization of 6-iodouracils including the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant Emivirine and HEPT precursors.