gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond synchronously pumped ZnGeP_2 optical parametric oscillator (2010)

We report on the experimental operation of a picosecond, singly resonant, synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) based on a ZnGeP(2) (ZGP) crystal. The ZGP SPOPO is pumped with the idler radiation from a diffraction-grating-tuned periodically poled lithium niobate SPOPO emitting a continuous picosecond pulse train (Delta tau approximately 8 ps, f=76 MHz). The noncritically 90 degree phase-matched ZGP SPOPO is tuned in the 3.8-5.6 microm range by tuning the pump wavelength (2.25-2.5 microm). As high as approximately 800 mW of average power is emitted at 4 microm.
Cube-4-a scalable architecture for real-time volume rendering (2002)

We present Cube-4, a special-purpose volume rendering architecture that is capable of rendering high-resolution (e.g., 1024/sup 3/) datasets at 30 frames per second. The underlying algorithm, called slice-parallel ray-casting, uses tri-linear interpolation of samples between data slices for parallel and perspective projections. The architecture uses a distributed interleaved memory, several parallel processing pipelines, and an innovative parallel data flow scheme that requires no global communication, except at the pixel level. This leads to local, fixed bandwidth interconnections and has the benefits of high memory bandwidth, real-time data input, modularity, and scalability. We have simulated the architecture and have implemented a working prototype of the complete hardware on a configurable custom hardware machine. Our results indicate true real-time performance for high-resolution datasets and linear scalability of performance with the number of processing pipelines.
Growth Factor-specific Signaling Pathway Stimulation and Gene Expression Mediated by ErbB Receptors (2001)

The mechanisms by which receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) utilize intracellular signaling pathways to direct gene expression and cellular response remain unclear. A current question is whether different RTKs within a single cell target similar or different sets of genes. In this study we have used the ErbB receptor network to explore the relationship between RTK activation and gene expression. We profiled growth factor-stimulated signaling pathway usage and broad gene expression patterns in two human mammary tumor cell lines expressing different complements of ErbB receptors. Although the growth factors epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulin (NRG) 1 similarly stimulated Erk1/2 in MDA-MB-361 cells, EGF acting through an EGF receptor/ErbB2 heterodimer preferentially stimulated protein kinase C, and NRG1beta acting through an ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer preferentially stimulated Akt. The two growth factors regulated partially overlapping yet distinct sets of genes in these cells. In MDA-MB-453 cells, NRG1beta acting through an ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer stimulated prolonged signaling of all pathways examined relative to NRG2beta acting through the same heterodimeric receptor species. Surprisingly, NRG1beta and NRG2beta also regulated partially overlapping but distinct sets of genes in these cells. These results demonstrate that the activation of different RTKs, or activation of the same RTKs with different ligands, can lead to distinct profiles of gene regulation within a single cell type. Our observations also suggest that the identity and kinetics of signaling pathway usage by RTKs may play a role in the selection of regulated genes.
Diskrepanzbasierte Regelung der kontinuierlichen Kristallisation (2012)

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag beschreibt einen neuen Regelungsansatz zur Stabilisierung von Kristallisatoren. Es ist bekannt, dass diese in Verbindung mit einer Feinkornauflösung zu Instabilitäten und dem Auftreten von unerwünschten Oszillationen neigen. Modelle für Kristallisatoren bestehen meist aus einer nichtlinearen partiellen Integrodifferentialgleichung, der Populationsbilanz für die Kristallgrößenverteilung, gekoppelt mit einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung zur Beschreibung der flüssigen Phase, was einen rigorosen Reglerentwurf vor erhebliche Probleme stellt. Deshalb wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit auf ein Stabilitätskonzept zurückgegriffen, welches Aussagen über die Stabilität eines Prozesses bezüglich zweier verallgemeinerter Abstandmaße, den sogenannten Diskrepanzen, erlaubt.
On the mechanism of the thermal transformations in solid ammonium nitrate (1962)

Abstract The thermal transformations which take place in solid ammonium nitrate have been studied with the following techniques: differential thermal analysis, measurement of d.c. electrical conductance, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. It has been found that in dry ammonium nitrate, transformations between forms V, IV, II and I only take place and that the transformations appear to be of the order-disorder type. The transformations IV ⇌ III only take place in the presence of moisture and the mechanism appears to be one of dissolution and recrystallization.
Abstract 4451: The NCI Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) urinary PCA3 validation trial (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Widespread use of PSA screening has raised concerns of overdiagnosis of low risk and underdiagnosis of high grade cancer. This is primarily due to the low sensitivity and specificity of PSA. PCA3, a non-coding large chain ribonucleic acid, is significantly over-expressed in cancer tissue and quantitatively measured by a novel urinary assay. The objective of this NCI EDRN trial was to conduct a comprehensive, independent validation of the PROGENSA PCA3 Assay for the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS: A prospective, PROBE-compliant NCI validation trial was undertaken at 11 clinical sites to evaluate PCA3 positive predictive value (PPV, PCA3 score &amp;gt;60) in the initial biopsy setting and negative predictive value (NPV, PCA3 score &amp;lt;20) in the repeat biopsy setting. PCA3 was obtained prior to biopsy but following an attentive DRE. We hypothesized that PPV for an initial prostate biopsy to be at least 55% and that NPV for a repeat biopsy to be at least 75%. The accuracy of PCA3 in detecting any prostate cancer and secondarily, high grade cancer (Gleason &amp;gt; 7), was compared to PCPT risk calculator through ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: 880 eligible men (mean age 62 years) were enrolled; 305 had a prior negative prostate biopsy. 99% had an informative PCA3 test. For the detection of any cancer, PPV was 80% (95% CI: 0.72 - 0.86) in the initial biopsy group while NPV was 88% (95% CI: 0.81 - 0.93) in the repeat biopsy group. PCA3 performance was superior to PCPT risk estimation and improved upon the detection of any cancer (p&amp;lt;0.006) and high grade cancer (p&amp;lt;0.02) when combined with the PCPT risk model. CONCLUSIONS: PCA3 ability to detect prostate cancer was superior to PCPT risk calculator in both the initial (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and repeat biopsy setting (p=0.001)Independent validation of PCA3 demonstrated a high PPV in the initial biopsy setting and a high NPV in the repeat biopsy setting. Given the significant improvements in risk estimation over PCPT, PCA3 is expected to greatly enhance clinical decision making. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4451. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4451
Data from Genetic Interactions and Tissue Specificity Modulate the Association of Mutations with Drug Response (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In oncology, biomarkers are widely used to predict subgroups of patients that respond to a given drug. Although clinical decisions often rely on single gene biomarkers, machine learning approaches tend to generate complex multi-gene biomarkers that are hard to interpret. Models predicting drug response based on multiple altered genes often assume that the effects of single alterations are independent. We asked whether the association of cancer driver mutations with drug response is modulated by other driver mutations or the tissue of origin. We developed an analytic framework based on linear regression to study interactions in pharmacogenomic data from two large cancer cell line panels. Starting from a model with only covariates, we included additional variables only if they significantly improved simpler models. This allows to systematically assess interactions in small, easily interpretable models. Our results show that including mutation–mutation interactions in drug response prediction models tends to improve model performance and robustness. For example, we found that &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutations decrease sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors in &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;-mutated cell lines and patient tumors, suggesting a therapeutic benefit of combining inhibition of oncogenic BRAF with reactivation of the tumor suppressor TP53. Moreover, we identified tissue-specific mutation–drug associations and synthetic lethal triplets where the simultaneous mutation of two genes sensitizes cells to a drug. In summary, our interaction-based approach contributes to a holistic view on the determining factors of drug response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Possible Involvement of Endogenous Opioid Peptides in Prolactin Secretion Induced by 2-Adrenergic Stimulation in Rats (1989)

Noradrenergic mechanisms have a stimulatory role in regulating prolactin (PRL) secretion in the rat. We investigated the mechanism by which the alpha 2-adrenergic system stimulates PRL release in urethane-anesthetized male rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of norepinephrine (2 micrograms/rat) or epinephrine (100 ng and 1 microgram/rat) caused an increase in plasma PRL levels. The PRL increase induced by epinephrine was much greater than that by norepinephrine. Intracerebroventricular injection of phentolamine (1 microgram/rat), an alpha-antagonist, blunted the plasma PRL increase induced by epinephrine (100 ng intracerebroventricularly). Plasma PRL levels were increased by intravenous injection of alpha 2-agonists, clonidine (15 micrograms/100 g of body wt), and xylazine (200 micrograms/100 g of body wt). Plasma PRL increase induced by clonidine or xylazine was suppressed by intravenous injection of naloxone (125 micrograms/100 g of body wt), an opiate antagonist. These findings suggest that alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms stimulate pituitary PRL secretion, at least partly, by activating endogenous opioid peptides in the rat.
Substrate‐Dependant Ability of Titanium(IV) Oxide Photocatalytic Thin Films Prepared by Thermal CVD to Generate Hydrogen Gas from a Sacrificial Reaction (2010)

We report the observation of hydrogen production from photodiodes, when irradiated with UV light. These photodiodes were composed of a stainless steel substrate, with a TiO 2 photocatalyst deposited suing APCVD on one side and Pt deposited using sputter coating on the other. In contrast similar devices made using a titanium substrate show no measurable H 2 production.
An Architecture for End-User TV Content Enrichment (2024)

This paper proposes an extension to the televisionwatching paradigm that permits an end-user to enrich broadcast content. Examples of this enriched content are: virtual edits that allow the order of presentation within the content to be changed or that allow the content to be subsetted; conditional text, graphic or video objects that can be placed to appear within content and triggered by viewer interaction; additional navigation links that can be added to structure how other users view the base content object. The enriched content can be viewed directly within the context of the TV viewing experience. It may also be shared with other users within a distributed peer group. Our architecture is based on a model that allows the original content to remain unaltered, and which respects DRM restrictions on content reuse. The fundamental approach we use is to define an intermediate content enhancement layer that is based on the W3C’s SMIL language. Using a pen-based enhancement interface, end-users can manipulate content that is saved in a home PDR setting. This paper describes our architecture and it provides several examples of how our system handles content enhancement. We also describe a reference implementation for creating and viewing enhancements.
Characterization of skin structure and chemical content in response to topical intervention using coherent Raman scattering imaging (Conference Presentation) (2018)

One of the primary functions of human skin is to provide a mechanical barrier and interface with the outside world, owing to its unique structure and composition. Indeed, the most superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is a selectively porous structure composed of thin layers of protein-rich corneocytes joined together by lipids such as ceramides. The overall impermeability of the stratum corneum is crucial for homeostasis, but also hampers the penetration of beneficial topical agents into the skin. Specifically, hydrophilic compounds typically do not permeate through the epidermis, while hydrophobic compounds can readily be delivered through lipid-containing routes such as sebaceous gland ducts or the spacing between corneocytes. A proper understanding of stratum corneum structure and composition is therefore of great benefit for the design of topical formulations in order to properly optimize the delivery of active compounds to the skin. To this aim, coherent Raman scattering imaging techniques including both coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopies can be used to study the chemical composition and structure of the stratum corneum, as these modalities are sensitive to unique vibrational modes of specific chemical groups such as lipids, proteins, and water. These metrics can further be used to measure uptake and efficacy of topical compounds in order to optimize formulation design.
Context-driven dynamic Risk Management for maritime domain awareness (2016)

Endowing Decision Support Systems (DSSs) with a risk-aware view of the environment they operate in is critical to maintaining an acceptable level of Situational Awareness (SAW) as well as helping decision makers arrive at more accurate and timely conclusions. In particular, determining the situational elements that are presently impacting the system behaviour - and to what extent- leads to a refined SAW picture and ensures valuable knowledge propagation to the upstream layers of the underlying fusion/decision making process. In this paper, we augment an existing Risk Management Framework (RMF) with a set of atomic risk models capturing different situational elements. Contextual information feeding the DSS is employed to either activate one or more of these models or tailor their internal risk assessment. We show how context-aware dynamic risk management can be achieved in a DSS governed by the proposed architecture. Two maritime scenarios (vessel encountering active weather and vessel navigating in a piracy-infested region) serve to illustrate the advantages of the proposed context-aware methodology in terms of improved situational understanding, system interpretability, support to other fusion processes (e.g., threat assessment) and computational tractability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that contextual information is used to drive the risk assessment module of a DSS. The methodology is not exclusive to the maritime arena and can be easily extrapolated to other domains.
Retinal Microglial Activation Following Topical Application of Intracellular Toll-Like Receptor Ligands (2015)

Topical application of CpG-ODN and R848, but not Poly I:C, to the damaged corneal surface can cause activation and migration of retinal microglia.
The effect of an inhibitor of gut serotonin (LP533401) during the induction of periodontal disease (2016)

LP533401 (25 mg/kg/d) for 28 d does not prevent bone loss and does not modulate host response in a rat model of induced periodontal disease.
Controlling substrate selectivity in cross coupling with light (2022)

Substrate-selective reactions typically rely on differences in the ground-state reactivity of substrates or their interactions with supramolecular catalyst scaffolds. Here, we show that a photoinduced cross-coupling reaction provides high substrate selectivity that cannot be achieved under thermal conditions. We report a visible-light-promoted, Ni-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of diiodo-boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores displaying high selectivity for mono-arylation, enabling the efficient sequential synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted BODIPYs. Substrate selectivity is maintained in mixtures containing non-absorbing aryl iodides or halogenated BODIPYs with similar absorption. This work demonstrates the potential of substrate photoexcitation-based reaction mechanisms for the selective functionalization of organic chromophores with desirable excited-state properties.
Design and compliance of HBV vaccination trial on newborns to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma and 5-year results of its pilot study. (1991)

A large-scale, controlled study of universal immunization of newborns against HBV infection has been conducted in the high incidence area of hepatocellular carcinoma, Qidong County of China. This area has a stable population, standardized cancer registration system, and an epidemiological base for measurements of liver cancer prevention by vaccine. Randomization was done on the community level. The vaccination and the control group each will consist of 38,000 children by the end of 1990. It is anticipated that the design will provide high statistical power to detect 50% reduction in the prevalence rate of chronic hepatitis among the vaccinees vs. the controls at 6 to 10 years of age, and 50% reduction in the incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma at 35 to 40 years of age. The vaccine used is Hep-B Vax, donated by Merck and Co. through WHO. The vaccine was administered at 0, 1, and 6 months after birth, the dosage of 5 or 2.5 micrograms in the pilot study as used before 1985 and of 5 micrograms dose level during the main study starting from January 1, 1985. About 85% of the cohorts have now entered the protocol. The vaccination coverage during 1984 to 1989 was 98.0% (35,064/35,789). Follow-up of the vaccinees and the age-matched controls at 5 years has exceeded 97%. The cumulative mortality in the vaccinated group up to 1988 was 1.29% (354/27,450). No single death nor serious adverse reaction was found that was associated with vaccination. The use of HBV vaccine at a reduced dose was especially important for the developing countries at the present time in order to achieve widespread immunization. Five-year results of the pilot study of this vaccination project showed that significant protection against HBV infection was achieved with the 5 or 2.5 micrograms per dose regimen plus a booster of 5 micrograms given at 3.5 to 4 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Kopsihainanine A (2012)

Going all the way: The first total synthesis of (±)-kopsihainanine A has been achieved in ten steps with a 12 % overall yield from commercially available 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-4-one (see scheme). This synthesis features an intramolecular conjugate addition of the iminium ion formed in situ with the amide and a substrate-controlled diastereoselective α-hydroxylation. Furthermore, ring D is formed by a late-stage transannular SN2 reaction.
Synthesis of frequency doubling polymeric materials, 1. Second‐order nonlinear optical properties of poled chromophore‐functionalized polymethacrylates (1992)

Abstract The synthesis and second harmonic coeficients d 33 , d 31 and the susceptibilities χ (2) are reported of three series of (co)polymethacrylates that possess 4‐(2,2‐dicyanovinyl)‐ or 4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐methoxycarbonyl)vinyl‐ N , N ‐dialkylaniline (P 1 and P 2 ), 4‐(2,2‐dicyanovinyl)‐ or 4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐methoxycarbonyl)vinyl‐(‐piperidino)benzene (P 5 and P 6 ) and 4‐(2,2‐dicyano)‐ or 4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐methoxycarbonyl)vinyl‐1‐alkoxybenzene (P 3 and P 4 ) dyes System. names of the monomers see Exptl. part. . The second‐order nonlinear optical properties of corona‐poled aligned polymer films were evaluated by second harmonic generation measurements. The χ values for the P 1 and P 2 polymers vary from 58 to 318, respectively 32 to 106 · 10 −9 esu, for P 3 and P 4 from 7,6 to 19, respectively 4,4 to 7,4 · 10 −9 esu and for P 5 and P 6 from 219 to 42,8 respectively 28,1 to 8,1 · 10 −9 esu, depending on the dye chromophore concentration incorporated in the polymer structure.
Recency and duration of postmenopausal hormone therapy: effects on bone mineral density and fracture risk in the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA) study (2003)

We conclude that postmenopausal BMD and fracture are closely associated with current, but not prior, HRT use. Use of HRT for 5 years or less, as proposed for treatment of symptomatic women during menopause transition, is unlikely to preserve bone or significantly reduce fracture risk in later years.
Roughness gradients on zirconia for rapid screening of cell‐surface interactions: Fabrication, characterization and application (2016)

Roughness is one of the key parameters for successful osseointegration of dental implants. The understanding of how roughness affects cell response is thus crucial to improve implant performance. Surface gradients, which allow rapid and systematic investigations of cell-surface interactions, have the potential to facilitate this task. In this study, a novel method aiming to produce roughness gradients at the surface of zirconia using hydrofluoric acid etching was implemented. The topography was exhaustively characterized at the microscale and nanoscale by white light interferometry and atomic force microscopy, including the analysis of amplitude, spatial, hybrid, functional, and fractal parameters. A rapid screening of the influence of roughness on human mesenchymal stem cell morphology was conducted and potential correlations between roughness parameters and cell morphology were investigated. The roughness gradient induced significant changes in cell area (p < 0.001), aspect ratio (p = 0.01), and solidity (p = 0.026). Nanoroughness parameters were linearly correlated to cell solidity (p < 0.005), while microroughness parameters appeared nonlinearly correlated to cell area, highlighting the importance of multiscale optimization of implant topography to induce the desired cell response. The gradient method proposed here drastically reduces the efforts and resources necessary to study cell-surface interactions and provides results directly transferable to industry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2502-2514, 2016.
Indoor localization for visually impaired travelers using computer vision on a smartphone (2020)

Wayfinding is a major challenge for visually impaired travelers, who generally lack access to visual cues such as landmarks and informational signs that many travelers rely on for navigation. Indoor wayfinding is particularly challenging since the most commonly used source of location information for wayfinding, GPS, is inaccurate indoors. We describe a computer vision approach to indoor localization that runs as a real-time app on a conventional smartphone, which is intended to support a full-featured wayfinding app in the future that will include turn-by-turn directions. Our approach combines computer vision, existing informational signs such as Exit signs, inertial sensors and a 2D map to estimate and track the user's location in the environment. An important feature of our approach is that it requires no new physical infrastructure. While our approach requires the user to either hold the smartphone or wear it (e.g., on a lanyard) with the camera facing forward while walking, it has the advantage of not forcing the user to aim the camera towards specific signs, which would be challenging for people with low or no vision. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with five blind travelers navigating an indoor space, with localization accuracy of roughly 1 meter once the localization algorithm has converged.