gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonuniform Growth of Composite Layer-by-Layer Assembled Coatings via Three-Dimensional Expansion of Hydrophobic Magnetite Nanoparticles (2015)

Nanocomposite coatings are promising for a range of practical applications, and layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) is a versatile tool for nanocomposite formation. However, conventional LbL is a quite laborious procedure taking a lot of time to reach a sufficient thickness of the coatings required for practical applications. Herein, we proposed a novel variant of the LbL approach based on the deposition of hydrophilic polyelectrolyte molecules from a polar solvent and hydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) from a nonpolar dispersion medium with an intermediate washing in the same polar solvent. The composite multilayers formed in this way exhibit exponential growth of the thickness and mass. On the basis of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface profile measurements, we propose a model describing the driving force of multilayer formation and the factors leading to nonlinear growth of their mass and thickness. The results allow one to expand the understanding of the mechanism of the LbL assembly in order to form multifunctional nanocomposites in a more efficient way.
A surface micromachined, out-of-plane anemometer (2003)

A novel out-of-plane hot-wire anemometer has been developed by combining surface micromachining and efficient three-dimensional assembly. The sensing filament is made of metal instead of doped silicon. It is elevated from the substrate using an efficient three-dimensional assembly process, resulting in greater sensitivity. The overall process temperature is low (<250/spl deg/C), hence the process can be realized on non-silicon, low-cost and flexible substrates. The time constant in constant-current mode is found to be below 50-/spl mu/s with a wire thickness of 1000 /spl Aring/ and wire length of 50-/spl mu/m.
충무공 李舜臣의 삶에 나타난 天道觀 고찰 (2005)

1592년에 일어난 조선과 일본의 전쟁을 그동안 우리는 임진왜란이라 불렀고, 일본은 文慶의 役이라 불렀다. 이이화는 두 이름이 모두 세계사적인 관점에서 보편타당성이 없기 때문에 ‘朝日戰爭’이라 부른다고 했다. 우리는 이 조일전쟁을 대할 때, 가장 궁금한 것이 당시 조정은 무엇을 했는가 하는 점이다. 조일전쟁 발발 9년 전에, 이율곡은 이미 10만 양병설을...
Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant After Bricker Loop Urinary Diversion: A Case Report. (2018)

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant is the ultimate therapy for patients who have uncontrolled and complicated type 1 diabetes mellitus with end-stage renal disease. The combined pancreas transplant provides a euglycemic milieu for the kidney and protects it from recurrence of diabetic complications. Our patient, a 41-year-old woman with end-stage diabetic nephropathy and history of multiple abdominal surgeries (ovarian cyst fenestration, adnexal extirpation, abdominal wall reconstruction), including urinary diversion (Bricker loop, above double J stent), underwent simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. After reperfusion, the kidney had immediate function and creatinine levels dropped to normal levels during the early postoperative period (creatinine of 102 μmol/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 52 mL/min/1.73 m2) and remained stable during follow-up. Serum glucose levels dropped to within normal ranges postoperatively and remained so during follow-up. The postoperative course was complicated by hydronephrosis due to transient edema of the anastomosis of the ureter to the Bricker loop, after early incidental removal of the double J catheter. This was successfully treated with a temporary percutaneous nephrostomy. Multiple previous surgeries, including a Bricker deviation, may not be a definitive contraindication for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. In selected cases, special considerations may lead to a successful procedure providing better quality of life and life expectancy, even for patients with multiple comorbidities.
SYNERGIC EXTRACTION OF COBALT WITH 1-PHENYL-3-METHYL-4-BENZOYLPYRAZOL-5-ONE AND LINEAR OR CYCLIC POLYETHERS (1987)

ABSTRACT The synergic extraction of Co(II) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one(HPMBP)in presence of acyclic polyethers Butex (dibutylcarbitol)and Triton X-100 (noted E)from TM chloride media in 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, chloroform and chlo-roform+toluene is quantitatively described. The extracted species are Co(PMBP)E whatever the aqueous electrolyte is (sodium, potassium, lithium and tetramethylammonium chloride) The extractions are compared to the ones performed with the crown-ethers 18C6 and DC18C6B.
Single crystals of ferroelectric lithium niobate–tantalate LiNb1–x Ta x O3 solid solutions for high-temperature sensor and actuator applications (2020)

Ferroelectric LiNb<sub>1-x</sub>Ta<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> solid solutions with various Nb/Ta ratio were grown from the melt by the Czochralski method. The exact composition of the grown crystals was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry. The dependence of the crystal composition on the composition of the initial melt was obtained and explained by a wide separation between the phase boundaries of the liquid and solid phases on the LiNbO<sub>3</sub>-LiTaO<sub>3</sub> phase diagram. Using high-resolution X-ray diffraction, the parameters a and c of a crystal unit cell were determined (LiNb<sub>0.88</sub>Ta<sub>0.12</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: a = 5.1574 Å and c = 13.8498 Å). Further, the Curie temperature T<sub>C</sub> of the crystals was measured using the differential scanning calorimetry technique. T<sub>C</sub> was found to depend on the composition of the crystals that allowed conditions for the monodomainization of the grown crystals to be defined (LiNb<sub>0.88</sub>Ta<sub>0.12</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: T<sub>C</sub> = 1102°C; LiNb<sub>0.33</sub>Ta<sub>0.67</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: T<sub>C</sub> = 794°C). Finally, the velocity of surface acoustic waves was determined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques (YZ-cut of a LiNb<sub>0.88</sub>Ta<sub>0.12</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystal: V = 3440 m s<sup>-1</sup>).
Single and double substrate insertion into the TiNαbonds of terminal titanium hydrazides (2009)

Nitriles, CO(2) and isocyanates undergo net single or double insertion reactions into the Ti=N(alpha) multiple bonds of terminal titanium hydrazides. These are the first such examples of this type of reactivity for any transition metal hydrazide complex.
Ectopic Heartbeat Detection from ECG Signals using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2022)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is widely used to diagnose various cardiac and non-cardiac diseases. Detecting abnormalities on ECG is critical for preventing the onset of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. This paper proposed a method based on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to detect abnormal heartbeats such as ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) and supraventricular ectopic beats (SVEB). The proposed model was trained and validated on two large-sample PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH datasets. A separate test result showed overall accuracy of 96% on distinguishing three types of heartbeats VEB, SVEB, and other heartbeats which are not ectopic beat (NOTEB).
Cryopreservation and storage of sperm (2001)

The history of human semen Cryopreservation stretches back over 200 years with the first recorded experiments involving cooling followed by successful rewarming of human spermatozoa in snow.1 Despite this early success it was not until the fortuitous discovery of glycerol as a cryoprotectant2 and subsequent live birth of a calf3 in the early 1950s that Cryopreservation of human semen for assisted reproduction became a feasible option. The ability to store human semen greatly improved the flexibility of donor insemination treatment, resulting in the first live human births in 1953.4 Artificial insemination with donor semen as a method of circumventing severe male infertility became a mainstay of fertility treatment for the next 40 years.5
Joint learning of visual attributes, object classes and visual saliency (2009)

We present a method to learn visual attributes (eg.“red”, “metal”, “spotted”) and object classes (eg. “car”, “dress”, “umbrella”) together. We assume images are labeled with category, but not location, of an instance. We estimate models with an iterative procedure: the current model is used to produce a saliency score, which, together with a homogeneity cue, identifies likely locations for the object (resp. attribute); then those locations are used to produce better models with multiple instance learning. Crucially, the object and attribute models must agree on the potential locations of an object. This means that the more accurate of the two models can guide the improvement of the less accurate model. Our method is evaluated on two data sets of images of real scenes, one in which the attribute is color and the other in which it is material. We show that our joint learning produces improved detectors. We demonstrate generalization by detecting attribute-object pairs which do not appear in our training data. The iteration gives significant improvement in performance.
Phase-Modulated Two-Photon-Counting Interferometry (2019)

We introduce optical lock-in detection in coincidence photon counting to enhance the extraction of information in “quantum-light spectroscopy”, based on using time-frequency entangled photon pairs to probe a molecular sample. The sample is placed inside a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, into which photons are injected and detected in coincidence at the interferometer output. Clear signatures of two-photon interference (both ‘Hong-Ou-Mandel’ and ‘N00N’) are observed and separated into distinct information channels. In addition to achieving an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at low count rates, the experiment uses a “down-sampling” technique that increases the efficiency of data collection by an order of magnitude.
Impact of body biasing on the retention time of gain‐cell memories (2013)

Gain‐cell‐based embedded dynamic random‐access memory (DRAMs) are a potential high‐density alternative to mainstream static random‐access memory (SRAM). However, the limited data retention time of these dynamic bitcells results in the need for power‐consuming periodic refresh cycles. This Letter measures the impact of body biasing as a control factor to improve the retention time of a 2 kb memory block, and also examines the distribution of the retention time across the entire gain‐cell array. The concept is demonstrated through silicon measurements of a test chip manufactured in a logic‐compatible 0.18 μm CMOS process. Although there is a large retention time spread across the measured 2 kb gain‐cell array, the minimum, average and maximum retention times are all improved by up to two orders of magnitude when sweeping the body voltage over a range of 375 mV.
Phenylboronic acid modified mucoadhesive nanoparticle drug carriers facilitate weekly treatment of experimentallyinduced dry eye syndrome (2014)

Topical formulations, commonly applied for treatment of anterior eye diseases, require frequent administration due to rapid clearance from the ocular surface, typically through the lacrimal drainage system or through over-spillage onto the lids. We report on a mucoadhesive nanoparticle drug delivery system that may be used to prolong the precorneal residence time of encapsulated drugs. The nanoparticles were formed from self-assembly of block copolymers composed of poly(d, l-lactide) and Dextran. The enhanced mucoadhesion properties were achieved by surface functionalizing the nanoparticles with phenylboronic acid. The nanoparticles encapsulated up to 12 wt.% of Cyclosporine A (CycA) and sustained the release for up to five days at a clinically relevant dose, which led us to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation with reduced administration frequency. By administering CycA-loaded nanoparticles to dry eye-induced mice once a week, inflammatory infiltrates were eliminated and the ocular surface completely recovered. The same once a week dosage of the nanoparticles also showed no signs of physical irritation or inflammatory responses in acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks) studies in healthy rabbit eyes. These findings indicate that the nanoparticles may significantly reduce the frequency of administration for effective treatment of anterior eye diseases without causing ocular irritation.
Lympho-Reticular Stimulatory Properties of Corynebacterium Parvum and Related Bacteria (1973)

SUMMARY Several aerobic and anaerobic species of corynebacteria were examined for their ability to stimulate the lympho-reticular system of mice. Whereas active strains produced marked increases in spleen, liver and lung weight, possessed adjuvant activity, and were capable of sensitising mice to histamine, inactive strains possessed none of these attributes. Enhancement of carbon clearance was observed only in strains that possessed the other stimulatory properties but was not as great as previously observed by other workers for Corynebacterium parvum. The majority of active strains were anaerobic and possessed quantitatively similar stimulating activities. No correlation was observed between biochemical reactions of strains and lympho-reticular stimulation.
Behavior of Cladding Tube under Coolant-Loss Accident Conditions (1966)

Abstract The behavior of cladding tubes, both stainless steel and zircaloy under the post-accidental conditions of coolant loss has been discussed, based on the results of three experiments performed this time. The effect of oxidation in post-accidental steam atmosphere up to temperatures where the cladding tube should burst with the pressure of entrapped fission product gas was found to be negligible. The bursting behavior of tubes containing pre-determined amounts of inert gas corresponding to the amounts of released fission product gas that should be present in various states of fuel usage was also examined. No effect of corrosion in zircaloy-2 that should affect its strength could be found up to a weight gain corresponding to several years of use under normal operating conditions, either in the burst strength or creep burst behavior.
Nanomechanical Properties of Active Nanofibrous Implants After In Vivo Bone Regeneration (2013)

With the aging of the population and a correlated increase in the incidence of osteoarticular damage, great attention is focused on regenerative nanomedicine solutions to restore durable articular function and comfort. A durable cartilage repair is not effective without regeneration of an intact subchondral bed along with the surface chondral regeneration. Our expected outcomes are the development of clinical applications in the field of tissue engineering and nanomedicine, and more particularly in bone-cartilage unit regeneration. Here we report for the first time the nanomechanical analysis of the retrieved active implant after subchondral bone regeneration in vivo, which is much more efficient and long lasting solution to osteochondral defects than the existing ones. We believe that our results make a significant contribution to the area of regenerative nanomedicine. The concepts discovered here may serve to design sophisticated implants for placement into a broad variety of tissues.
ChemInform Abstract: 31P Magic Angle Spinning NMR of Crystalline Phosphorus Sulfides. Correlation of 31P Chemical Shielding Tensors with Local Environments. (1989)

Abstract 31 P MAS NMR is used to characterize the local P environments in α‐P4S3, P 4 S 7 , P 4 S 9 , and P 4 S 10 .
Antitumor activity of polysaccharide extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia against gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo (2015)

The present study aimed to determine the antitumor effects of polysaccharides extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium on gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Polysaccharides were extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium and an antitumor component, known as Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium polysaccharides 2 (POMP2), with a relative molecular weight of 29 kDa, was then sequentially purified using Sephadex G200 size-exclusion chromatography and diethylaminoethyl-52 cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The MTT method was used to determine the proliferation of BGC-823 cells treated with POMP2; cell migration assay, colony formation assay and in vivo antitumor tests were used to assess the effect of POMP2 on migration, cell survival and the in vivo tumor formation of BGH-823 cells. Results of the MTT assay indicated that POMP2 had a marked inhibitory effect on the BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line; when administered at a concentration of 400 mg/l for 72 h, the rate of inhibition was 35.6%. In addition, the colony forming capacity of the BGC-823 cells was significantly reduced following treatment with POMP2. A migration assay indicated that the invasive capabilities of the BGC-823 cells were also significantly inhibited by POMP2. Furthermore, in vivo tests of mice engrafted with BGC-823 cancer cells demonstrated that both tumor weight and volume were markedly reduced following two weeks of treatment with POMP2. The results of the present study suggested that the polysaccharide POMP2 may have a potential application as a natural antitumor treatment for gastric cancer.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ni(ii)-chromia based core–shell nanoparticles: experiment and first principles calculations (2018)

We have synthesized bimagnetic core-shell nanoparticles containing a first-of-its-kind Ni(ii)-chromia nanophase shell and a well-defined, epitaxial core-shell interface. Magnetic measurements reveal a substantial coercivity of the nanoparticles and a significant exchange bias effect between the antiferromagnetic chromia core and the ferromagnetic Ni(ii)-chromia shell at low temperatures. The ferromagnetism and a weak exchange bias effect are found to persist to room temperature in the core-shell nanoparticles of ∼57 nm average size. Our first principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the novel corundum-structured Ni(ii)-chromia phase has an equilibrium cluster-localized ferromagnetic spin configuration. In addition, the DFT-based calculations show that the Ni(ii)-chromia phase is a Mott-Hubbard insulator, with a narrowed energy band gap and increased covalent bonding due to strong hybridization between Ni 3d and O 2p levels in the upper portion of the valence band and within the band gap region. The antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic and magnetoelectric properties of our core-shell nanoparticles make these well suited for patterned recording media and biomedical applications.
Evaluation of refolding conditions for a human recombinant fusion cytokine protein, promegapoietin‐1a (2007)

Conditions to obtain correctly folded PMP-1a (promegapoietin-1a), an engineered fusion IL-3 (interleukin-3) and thrombopoietin receptor agonist from recombinant Escherichia coli IBs (inclusion bodies), were defined to generate sufficient amounts of protein for evaluation as a potential therapeutic compound. Several ionic and non-ionic detergents, as well as the chaotrope urea, in combination with selected additives, were screened for their ability to dissolve IB protein and promote formation of monomeric, oxidized protein. Upon dissolution, soluble aggregates constituted 50-60% of total protein in detergent-solubilized IBs depending on the level of detergent used, whereas use of urea increased aggregation to approx. 70%. Subsequent addition of 5 mM cysteine or DTT (dithiothreitol) reduced the levels of aggregation, but never lower than approx. 20%. Refolds from detergent-solubilized IBs with or without organic modifiers characteristically produced multiple persistent misfolded species. However, the addition of a 12:1 molar excess of cystine (cystine/DTT) to urea-dissolved IBs containing DTT, followed by dilution, promoted the formation of correctly oxidized, disulfide-paired PMP-1a monomer with minimal misfolds present. Thus treatment of urea-dissolved proteins with thiol-group-containing additives and control of dilution, pH, protein concentration and order of addition were able to produce a maximum refold efficiency of 40-50% of correctly paired protein monomer.
Microprocessing at the fingertips (1998)

Microprocessing, or micromachining, is here approached in a broad rather than profound way. Following a short description of its origin in microelectronics is a classification of more recent advances into three-dimensional processing, anisotropy inducing techniques, stencil processing and conventional machining adapted to micromachining. For each process the major advantages and drawbacks are accounted for. Also, a representative result accompanies every presentation. In all, more than 20 processes are dealt with: wet etching, dry etching, Lithographie-Galvanoformung-Abformung (LIGA), grey-tone lithography, spatial forming, stereolithography, laser chemical processing, local electrodeposition, two-photon-absorbed photopolymerization, focused ion beam (FIB), electrochemically and ion-induced anisotropy, nanoparticle lithography, fast atom beam (FAB), dicing, assembling, lathe machining, milling, die forging and electro-discharge machining (MEDM and WEDG).
Specific and azurophilic granules from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. II. Cell surface localization of granule membrane and content proteins before and after degranulation (1983)

The compositional relationship between the cell surface of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the membranes of PMN cytoplasmic granules has been investigated. Heterophilic PMNs obtained from peritoneal exudates contained 13 cell surface polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 220,000 to 12,000 daltons as determined by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed protein iodination and gel electrophoresis. Of these, four polypeptides co-migrated with proteins identified as the major constituents of specific (SpG) and azurophilic (AzG) granule membranes. The most notable of these were cell surface proteins of 145,000 and 96,000 daltons that co-migrated with proteins identified as granule content proteins released from PMNs during exocytosis. Extensive washing did not remove these proteins from the cell surface. Iodination of PMNs after the release of SpG and AzG contents by calcium ionophore- induced exocytosis revealed that there was not a dramatic quantitative change in the proteins on the cell surface. Instead, there were large, quantitative increases in the relative amounts of (125)I that were incorporated into several pre-existing cell surface proteins; all of these cell surface proteins co-migrated as a set with those polypeptides identified as either granule membrane or content proteins. Although nearly all of the major polypeptides of SpG and AzG had counterparts on the cell surface of freshly isolated peritoneal exudates PMNs, there were several polypeptides that were unique to the cell surface. Thus, the PMN has at least three membrane compartments with strikingly different protein compositions.
Eosinophils: A Comprehensive Review, and Guide to the Scientific and Medical Literature (1989)

Introduction and history eosinopoiesis methods - eosinophil structure, constituents and metabolism the eosinophil cell membrane and receptors endocytosis, secretion and motility eosinophil activation, cytotoxicity and interactions eosinophils in animals other than man bacterial, fungal and rickettsial infections viral diseases parasitic diseases neoplasms musculo-skeletal diseases digestive system diseases diseases of the mouth respiratory tract diseases diseases of the ear, nose and throat diseases of the nervous system eye diseases urological diseases female genital tract diseases and pregnancy cardiovascular diseases endomyocardial fibrosis diseases of the blood the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, HES diseases in neonates and infants skin diseases immunological diseases. Appendices: research groups working on eosinophils and eosinophilic diseases the scientific literature on eosinophils.