gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Probiotics Improve the Environmental Microbiome and Resistome of Commercial Poultry Production? (2013)

Food animal production systems have become more consolidated and integrated, producing large, concentrated animal populations and significant amounts of fecal waste. Increasing use of manure and litter as a more "natural" and affordable source of fertilizer may be contributing to contamination of fruits and vegetables with foodborne pathogens. In addition, human and animal manure have been identified as a significant source of antibiotic resistance genes thereby serving as a disseminator of resistance to soil and waterways. Therefore, identifying methods to remediate human and animal waste is critical in developing strategies to improve food safety and minimize the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study, we sought to determine whether withdrawing antibiotic growth promoters or using alternatives to antibiotics would reduce the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes or prevalence of pathogens in poultry litter. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) paired with high throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the bacterial community composition of litter from broiler chickens that were treated with streptogramin growth-promoting antibiotics, probiotics, or prebiotics. The prevalence of resistance genes and pathogens was determined from sequencing results or PCR screens of litter community DNA. Streptogramin antibiotic usage did not elicit statistically significant differences in Shannon diversity indices or correlation coefficients among the flocks. However, T-RFLP revealed that there were inter-farm differences in the litter composition that was independent of antibiotic usage. The litter from all farms, regardless of antibiotic usage, contained streptogramin resistance genes (vatA, vatB, and vatE), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance genes (ermA and ermB), the tetracycline resistance gene tetM and class 1 integrons. There was inter-farm variability in the distribution of vatA and vatE with no statistically significant differences with regards to usage. Bacterial diversity was higher in litter when probiotics or prebiotics were administered to flocks but as the litter aged, diversity decreased. No statistically significant differences were detected in the abundance of class 1 integrons where 3%-5% of the community was estimated to harbor a copy. Abundance of pathogenic Clostridium species increased in aging litter despite the treatment while the abundance of tetracycline-resistant coliforms was unaffected by treatment. However some treatments decreased the prevalence of Salmonella. These findings suggest that withdrawing antibiotics or administering alternatives to antibiotics can change the litter bacterial community and reduce the prevalence of some pathogenic bacteria, but may not immediately impact the prevalence of antibiotic resistance.
`The growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor axis in kidney re-revisited (1999)

The use of renal allotransplantation to treat ESRD in the US is limited by lack of organ availability. A possible solution is the transplantation of developing kidneys (metanephric allograft or xenografts). We have conducted studies that demonstrate the feasibility of such a strategy and have shown that IGF I may be useful to accelerate the growth and development of these transplanted organs. The rationale for the use of IGF I in this setting grew from a basic understanding of the role that the growth factor plays in kidney development. ARF in humans is the most costly kidney-related disease requiring hospitalization. Its incidence is increasing. Despite many advances in dialytic therapy, the mortality rate for patients with ARF has not changed in the last several decades. Strategies for treatment of ARF are directed toward supportive care to permit renal regeneration to occur. There exists a need for new therapeutic approaches that can speed recovery and reduce mortality. Although IGF I may not prove to be the 'magic bullet' for ARF, its proposal and testing as a potential therapeutic agent has provided a paradigm for the development of treatment modalities to accelerate renal regeneration based upon a basic understanding of the injury/repair process. The basis for development of a 'growth factor' therapy for ARF will probably evolve, at least in part, out of the testing and use of IGF I in rat models and in humans. The use of GH to treat ESRD was proposed shortly after its isolation and the demonstration of its action in increasing the rate of glomerular filtration. Later, it was discovered that the actions of GH on kidney are mediated by IGF I, and the means by which IGF I enhances glomerular filtration was elucidated. We have shown that humans with ESRD are not resistant to the actions of IGF I in enhancing the GFR, establishing the potential for use of IGF I as a pharmacological agent for ESRD. There is no effective drug therapy to enhance renal function in ESRD. Although much work remains to be done, and clearly caution is advised, our observations establish the potential for the use of IGF I as a therapeutic agent in this setting and justify continued study of IGF I as a medical therapy to delay the need for dialysis.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Systems for Personalising Epilepsy Treatment: Research Ethics Challenges and New Insights for the Ethics of Personalised Medicine (2021)

ABSTRACTThis paper examines potential ethical and legal issues arising during the research, development and clinical use of a proposed strategy in personalized medicine (PM): using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived tissue cultures as predictive models of individual patients to inform treatment decisions. We focus on epilepsy treatment as a likely early application of this strategy, for which early-stage stage research is underway. In relation to the research process, we examine issues associated with biological samples; data; health; vulnerable populations; neural organoids; and what level of accuracy justifies using the iPSC-derived neural tissue system. In relation to clinical use, we examine potential uses in pre-natal screening, and effects on clinical decision-making. Although our focus is providing recommendations for researchers developing work in this area, we identify the novel issue of deciding on an acceptable accuracy level for the system. We also emphasize an issue thus far neglected in the ethics of PM: PM tends to represent treatment decisions as though they should be directed solely by biomedical information, but this in itself could be detrimental to best personalizing treatment decisions in the clinic.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS CONTAINING CITRUS FLAVONOIDS (2013)

International audience
Decision to breastfeed and early cessation of breastfeeding in infants below 6 months old--a population-based study of 3,204 infants in Hong Kong. (2007)

Breastfeeding rate has been low in Hong Kong over the last three decades. This has happened with concomitant rapid economic development and improved living standards. A population-based survey was conducted to evaluate factors influencing decision, duration and early cessation of breastfeeding in 3,204 full-term healthy infants under 6 months throughout Hong Kong in 1993. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The overall percentage of breastfed infants was particularly low (9.6%), 36.1%had already given up breastfeeding and were being formula-fed (FFBF), 54.3% have been exclusively formula-fed since birth. The proportion of breastfed infants in the 5th month was even lower than in the 1st month (4.2% vs. 14.7%). Mothers who sustained breastfeeding tended to have parity >or =2, were less educated, housewives and residing in Hong Kong <5 years when compared to FFBF mothers (p<0.009). Husbands had a decisive role on wives initiating breastfeeding while health-professionals had an influence on early switching to FFBF (p<0.003). More breastfeeding mothers perceived breastfeeding benefits than FFBF mothers (p<0.03). The Cox proportional hazard model showed that mother's residency status >or =5-year (HR=2.4), working mothers (HR=1.5) and health-professionals' opinions (HR=1.5) were associated with an early cessation of breastfeeding (p<0.001). However, strengthening immunity (HR=0.67) and parity >or =2 (HR=0.72) helped sustain breastfeeding (p<0.001). To conclude, the proportion of breastfed infants was low in Hong Kong in the early 1990s. Major factors associated with the decision to breastfeed and early cessation of breastfeeding were identified which would help formulate an inter-disciplinary approach for promotion of breastfeeding up-to 6 months and beyond.
Defensive Secretions and Hydrocarbons of Two Tribolium Species and Their Hybrids : Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae (1988)

Defensive secretions and hydrocarbons of Tribolium freemani, T. castaneum and their hybrids were analysed by GLC and GC-MS. The combination of the parent species affected strongly the chemistry of the secretions and the hydrocarbons of the hybrids. The secretions of the parent species were similar to each other, and hybrid-(I) from T. freemani (♀)×T. castaneum (♂) produced simple mixtures of the parental secretions, whereas hybrid-(II) from the reverse sex combination of the parents gave the same composition as that of T. castaneum. In the hydrocarbons, however, fairly large differences were present between the parents and their hybrids, although those of the parents were very similar to each other. n-Nonacosane was the most abundant hydrocarbon of the parents, whereas 11+13-methylheptacosane was the richest component of the hybrids. A small difference was also found between the two hybrids. Both n-pentacosane and 3-methylpentacosane in hybrid-(I) were about ten times more abundant than in hybrid-(II).
A Conceptual Framework for Pre Deployment Network Analysis of specification driven systems (2012)

Model driven development is at peak now days, where an application/system executes on a model with its predefined specifications. The specifications are a collection of data acquisition, validation checks, state machine descriptions and auxiliary information that describe the behavioral aspects of the application/system under consideration. In such type of specification driven machine control systems there is a great opportunity for high level pre-deployment analysis based on the information about the characteristics of the system that inherently exist in the specification files that drive them, with extra specifications, based on the kind and domain of analysis one is interested in. This provides a great opportunity for analysis of system specifications before deployment, that can help to figure out whether they are correct or not. One such application that we found in this context is of analyzing the networking behavior of an application based on its specification. In this paper we present a Conceptual Framework for Pre Deployment Network Analysis of Specification driven Monitoring and Control system and prototype implementation of a tool that does a high level network analysis of a hypothetical specification based system based on GMRT system. The paper also describes the specification files which contain network and expert (usage context) specifications that are necessary for such an analysis.
Towards ultraprotective mechanical ventilation (2012)

When lung protective strategy is considered unsafe, various techniques of extracorporeal respiratory support may be applied, which by decreasing the load of mechanical ventilation, allow partial to total lung rest.
Darstellung und Struktur der Verbindung Ca14AlSb11 (1984)

Abstract Die neue Verbindung Ca 14 AlSb 11 kristallisiert tetragonal in der Raumgruppe I4 1 /acd (Nr. 142) mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 1667,6(5) pm, c = 2242,3(7) pm, c/a = 1,345. In der Struktur liegen neben Sb 3− ‐Ionen komplexe tetraedrische AlSb 4 9− ‐ und lineare Sb 3 7− ‐Anionen vor. Die Verbindung läßt sich dementsprechend als Valenzverbindung deuten.
Shared IgE-Binding Sites among Separated Components of Natural Rubber Latex (1996)

Four different IgE-binding moieties were detected among three latex protein components (14, 24 and 46 kD). Some of these allergenic sites were shared by two or more components. Recovery of these and others from fragmented latex components will allow identification of their amino acid composition and their availability will ultimately lead to better diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with latex allergy.
Landelijke rapporten hemato-oncologie: van inzicht naar actie (2018)

Item does not contain fulltext
Regulatory role of cytokines in IgE-mediated allergy (1992)

The discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) is considered the most important contribution, to date, in the field of clinical allergy. Studies in rodents and humans have suggested that IgE production could be regulated by antigen-specific helper and suppressor T cells and by isotype-specific factors having affinity for IgE. In recent years, the synthesis of IgE has been shown to be regulated, in part, by a cytokine network. This review summarizes the cytokines that up-regulate (interleukins-4, 5, and 6) and down-regulate (interferon-gamma and interleukin-2) the production of IgE. Emphasis is placed on IL-4 and IFN-gamma, two lymphokines known to play a major, but reciprocal, role in IgE synthesis. Increased insight into the various mechanisms of IgE control by cytokines and their receptors will eventually lead to improved treatment strategies in the clinical management of IgE-mediated allergy.
Parents' fear regarding fever and febrile seizures (1999)

In order to improve the effectiveness of information, we studied parents' perceptions and knowledge about fever and febrile seizures. A questionnaire study was carried out among the parents whose children (n = 230) participated in a randomized controlled trial of ibuprofen to prevent recurrent febrile seizures. Of the 230 parents, 181 (79%) responded to the questionnaire. Of all parents, 45% were afraid or very afraid of fever, which was strongly associated with being afraid of recurrent febrile seizures. Parents of children with a non-West European background were more afraid. The consequences of parental fear included frequent temperature measurements (25% measured five times per day or more), sleeping in the same room (24%) and 13% remained awake at night. Witnessing a febrile seizure is a frightening experience for parents; a majority thought that febrile seizures were harmful, because they look dangerous. Forty-seven percent thought that their child was dying during the initial febrile seizure. On the other hand, reassuring information may be helpful: 21% mentioned it as their reason to consider febrile seizures not harmful. We conclude that parental fear of fever and febrile seizures is a major problem with several negative consequences for daily family life. Adequate provision of information may reduce parental fear. We suggest that information about fever and febrile seizures should be provided to all parents, preferably during their contact with the providers of preventive healthcare. The parents of children with a non-West European origin need extra attention.
Novel technique for microbial production of 3,4-Dihydroxy Phenyl L-alanine by a mutant strain of Aspergillus oryzae (2002)

L-DOPA is a useful drug for Parkinson's disease. This investigation deals with the biosynthesis of L-DOPA by parental (GCB-6) and mutant (UV-7) strains of Aspergillus oryzae . There was a marked difference between the mycelial morphology and pellet type of the parental and UV-irradiated mutant cultures. The mutant strain of Aspergillus oryzae UV-6 showed pellet-like mycelial morphology and improved tyrosinase activity. Mould mycelium was used for biochemical conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA since tyrosinase is an intracellular enzyme. The mutant was found to give 3.72 folds higher production of L-DOPA than the parental strain. The comparison of kinetic parameters was also done which showed greater ability of the mutant to yield L-DOPA ( i.e. Y p/x 32.73 mg/mg with parent and 95.71 mg/mg with mutant). When cultures grown for various incubation periods, were monitored for Qp, Qs and qp, there was significant enhancement (p Aspergillus oryzae UV-7 over GCB-6 on all the rates.
Development of light-responsive protein binding in the monobody non-immunoglobulin scaffold (2020)

Monobodies are synthetic non-immunoglobulin customizable protein binders invaluable to basic and applied research, and of considerable potential as future therapeutics and diagnostic tools. The ability to reversibly control their binding activity to their targets on demand would significantly expand their applications in biotechnology, medicine, and research. Here we present, as proof-of-principle, the development of a light-controlled monobody (OptoMB) that works in vitro and in cells and whose affinity for its SH2-domain target exhibits a 330-fold shift in binding affinity upon illumination. We demonstrate that our αSH2-OptoMB can be used to purify SH2-tagged proteins directly from crude E. coli extract, achieving 99.8% purity and over 40% yield in a single purification step. By virtue of their ability to be designed to bind any protein of interest, OptoMBs have the potential to find new powerful applications as light-switchable binders of untagged proteins with the temporal and spatial precision afforded by light.
Hepatocytes from Fibrotic Liver Possess High Growth Potential in Vivo (2009)

Hepatocyte transplantation is effective for treating liver failure, but healthy donors as a source of hepatocytes are quite limited. The livers of patients with hepatic fibrosis could be an alternative source; however, few reports have examined the nature of hepatocytes from fibrotic livers (f-hepatocytes). In this study, we compared the growth of f-hepatocytes and hepatocytes from normal livers (n-hepatocytes). Hepatocytes were isolated from normal and CCl(4)-treated wild-type Fischer rats that express dipeptidyl dipeptidase IV (DPPIV) gene (DPPIV(+)). The n- and f-hepatocytes proliferated in culture at similar rates. Both types of hepatocytes were transplanted into DPPIV(-) mutant Fischer rats that had been treated with retrorsine to injure the liver and were partially hepatectomized (PHx) before transplantation. Both n- and f-DPPIV(+)-hepatocytes proliferated and formed colonies. The colony sizes of f-hepatocytes 21 days posttransplantation were approximately three times those of n-hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were analyzed using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). The FACS profile differed between f- and n-hepatocytes: f-hepatocytes were less granular, less autofluorescent, and smaller than n-hepatocytes. These characteristics of f-hepatocytes resembled those reported for small-sized n-hepatocytes (SHs), which are highly proliferative and preferentially express a unique set of 10 SH genes. However, f-hepatocytes preferentially expressed only five of the SH genes. The expression profile of f-hepatocytes was rather similar to that of proliferating n-hepatocytes in the regenerating liver after PHx. The f-hepatocytes were morphologically normal and did not show any preneoplastic phenotype. These normal and proliferative natures of f-hepatocytes in vivo suggest the fibrotic liver as a source of hepatocytes for transplantation.
Preferential binding of DNA methyltransferase and increased de novo methylation of deoxyinosine containing DNA (1986)

Mammalian DNA-cytosine 5-methyltransferases methylate cytosines in deoxyinosine containing DNA polymers more rapidly than in other synthetic or naturally occurring DNAs. The initial methylation rate of poly(dI-dC) X poly(dI-dC) is about 10-times higher than that of poly-(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) or of the native Micrococcus luteus DNA. In competitive binding experiments, DNA methyltransferase has about 10-fold higher affinity for the dI-containing alternating DNA polymer than for poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC). The observed high methyl accepting capacity of poly(dI-dC) X poly(dI-dC) may be a useful methodological advance to determine de novo DNA methyltransferase activity in extracts of mammalian cells.
Adaptation and tolerance of invertebrate nervous systems to osmotic stress (1981)

Abstract Both the osmotic and ionic concentration changes accompanying a salinity alteration might be expected to have profound effects on neuronal physiology, especially in euryhaline animals. We have examined the effects of salinity change and followed the subsequent adaptation to that change by an invertebrate neuron. The spontaneous activity of the follower cell of the cardiac ganglion of Limulus polyphemus is altered during salinity stress. The membrane potential is depolarized, the burst frequency is altered and the impulse pattern within each burst is disrupted following hypoosmotic stress. With time in the reduced salinity, adaptation occurs and both the membrane potential and the burst pattern return to control levels. Further, all these changes are due to osmotic variation with no detectable ionic component. Coincident with the adaptation of the electrical characteristics of these follower cells is an efflux of intracellular free amino acids which in turn, presumably, is regulating cell volume. Thus, this temporal correlation suggests that the electrical adaptation is dependent upon the cell volume regulatory mechanisms of the neurons.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF QUENCHED LITHIUM OXIDE-BARIUM OXIDE-NIOBIUM PENTOXIDE GLASSES (1983)

Im System Li2O-BaO-Nb2O5, das keine "Glas-Former" enthält, wurden Gläser in vielen Zusammensetzungen nach dem Twin-Roller-Quenching-Verfahren hergestellt.
Partial Discharge Data Matching Method for GIS Case-Based Reasoning (2019)

With the accumulation of partial discharge (PD) detection data from substation, case-based reasoning (CBR), which computes the match degree between detected PD data and historical case data provides new ideas for the interpretation and evaluation of partial discharge data. Aiming at the problem of partial discharge data matching, this paper proposes a data matching method based on a variational autoencoder (VAE). A VAE network model for partial discharge data is constructed to extract the deep eigenvalues. Cosine distance is then used to calculate the match degree between different partial discharge data. To verify the advantages of the proposed method, a partial discharge dataset was established through a partial discharge experiment and live detections on substation site. The proposed method was compared with other feature extraction methods and matching methods including statistical features, deep belief networks (DBN), deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), Euclidean distances, and correlation coefficients. The experimental results show that the cosine distance match degree based on the VAE feature vector can effectively detect similar partial discharge data compared with other data matching methods.
Making sure service users receive health checks (2012)

Sue Turner and Bryan Michell explain how a client-led self-advocacy group in Oxford secured obligations from local service providers to increase take up of health checks
Inverse frequency dependence of simultaneous tone-on-tone masking patterns at low levels (1982)

Using the Békésy tracking method, tone-on-tone masking patterns were measured with eight subjects at eight masker frequencies between 250 Hz and 6.03 kHz. Masking patterns were obtained for five masker levels between 20 and 60 dB SPL. Test-tone frequencies were chosen within two critical bands above and below the masker frequency. A level-dependent frequency asymmetry of masking was observed at all masker frequencies except at 250 Hz. At low levels there was a greater spread of masking towards the lower frequencies than toward the higher frequencies, but at high levels there was a greater spread of masking towards the higher frequencies than toward the lower frequencies. Only at masker levels of 40 dB SPL were the masking patterns approximately symmetrical.