gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An observational study of pregnancy and post‐partum outcomes in women with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists (2019)

Background In women with prolactinoma medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DA) can restore fertility. A number of studies have established the safety of DA during pregnancy and the impact of pregnancy and lactation on remission of prolactinoma. However, the total number of reported cases remains modest and further evidence is needed. Aims To evaluate the safety of DA during pregnancy and remission of prolactinoma after pregnancy and lactation. Materials and Methods Retrospective cohort study (2002–2014) of 57 pregnancies in 47 women with prolactinoma who received DA. Neonatal and pregnancy complications were recorded. Prolactin levels and treatment data were collected at the time of diagnosis, pre‐conception, during pregnancy and lactation, and post‐partum (up to 114 months). Results DA treatment was stopped a median of 4.5 weeks after conception in 49 pregnancies (86%). There were 49 live births (86% of pregnancies) and six miscarriages. Six pregnancies had an adverse neonatal outcome including two with congenital malformations. Following 26% of pregnancies women achieved remission after birth or lactation, and 25% of women were in remission at last follow‐up. Remission was associated with older maternal age ( P = 0.036), a lower prolactin level at diagnosis ( P = 0.037), and a smaller adenoma at diagnosis ( P = 0.045). Conclusions Successful pregnancy and lactation is common after DA treatment for prolactinoma. Fetal exposure in the first four weeks of pregnancy appears to be generally safe. Encouragingly, post‐partum and after lactation a quarter of women had a normal prolactin level without medical treatment.
Infrared Pedestrian Segmentation Through Background Likelihood and Object-Biased Saliency (2017)

Pedestrian segmentation in infrared images is a challenging problem due to low SNR and inhomogeneous luminance distribution. In this paper, we first introduce background prior and object-center prior into infrared pedestrian segmentation, and propose a robust and efficient saliency-based scheme, which aims to obtain the accurate pedestrian object. First, background likelihood is developed to abstract the object representation based on the Gaussian mixture model soft decomposition. Second, by combining the shape information and the infrared character of the pedestrians, kernel density estimation-based foreground estimation is proposed to obtain the saliency iteratively with better adaptable for the fuzzy contour of the infrared object. Third, pedestrian boundary weight is employed to integrate the above two saliency maps for more intact and accurate results. Finally, pedestrians can be easily segmented from the infrared images, through any existing segmentation methods, as simple as the Otsu threshold method, on the obtained final saliency map. Extensive experiments on real infrared images captured by intelligent transportation systems demonstrate that our saliency algorithm consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art saliency detection methods, in terms of higher precision, F-measure, and lower mean absolute error. The effectiveness of our proposed segmentation algorithm is also evaluated by comparisons with the existing infrared segmentation methods and yields more precise and intact pedestrian regions.
Catastrophic response of lakes to benthivorous fish introduction (2001)

Introduction of the benthivorous common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) has been identified as one of the main causes of loss of biodiversity and water clarity in numerous shallow lakes and ponds worldwide. Recent observations in experimental fish ponds suggest that the effect of carp on the ecosystem is catastrophic in the sense that a substantial impact occurs only when a critical carp density is exceeded. In search for an explanation, we analyzed a simple model of the interaction between benthivorous fish and their invertebrate benthic prey, and of sediment resuspension resulting from fish feeding behavior. Our results suggest that benthic prey populations should be only moderately depressed until predator fish abundance grows to a critical biomass at which benthos collapses due to overexploitation. This drop in prey density is predicted to result in a sharp increase in water turbidity due to an increase in prey search activity of the fish. For less eutrophic and deeper lakes, where benthos productivity and hence benthivorous fish carrying capacity are lower, water turbidity is predicted to be much less affected. The qualitative patterns are quite robust against assumptions on parameter values and correspond closely to the experimental results and data from lakes suggesting that the model may capture the essence of the mechanism causing a discontinuous effect of benthivorous fish on lake ecosystems.
Using Condition Indexes to Evaluate Local Railroad Track Networks (1993)

The U.S. Army Construction Engineering Laboratories (USACERL) have developed condition indexes for assessing track condition that apply to local railroads. Indexes were developed for the component group of rail, joints, and fastenings (RJCI); ties (TCI); and ballast subgrade, and roadway (BSCI). A composite track structure are computed from predominantly visual routine condition survey inspections. Sampling techniques may be used and the overall network. This paper outlines the condition survey process and the computing of the indexes. Their use in planning M&R is also briefly introduced.
Adverse Effects of Long‐Term Right Ventricular Apical Pacing and Identification of Patients at Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure (2012)

In patients needing a pacemaker (PM) for bradycardia indications, the amount of right ventricular (RV) apical pacing has been correlated with atrial fibrillation (AFib) and heart failure (HF) in both DDD and VVI mode. RV pacing was linked with left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in almost 50% of patients with PM implantation and atrioventricular (AV) node ablation for AFib. In patients with normal systolic function needing a PM, apical RV pacing resulted in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction. These negative effects were prevented by cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Algorithms favoring physiological AV conduction are possible useful tools able to maintain both atrial and ventricular support and limit RV pacing. However, when chronic RV pacing cannot be avoided, it appears necessary to reconsider the cut-off value of basic LVEF for CRT. In HF patients, RV pacing can induce greater LV dyssynchrony, enhanced by underlying conduction diseases. In this context, a more deleterious effect of RV pacing in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients with low LVEF can be expected. In some major ICD trials, DDD mode was correlated with increased mortality/HF. This negative impact was attributed to unnecessary RV pacing >40-50%, virtually absent in VVI-40 mode. However, some data suggest that avoiding RV pacing may also not be the best option for patients requiring an ICD. In patients with impaired LV function, AV synchrony should therefore be ensured. The best pacing mode in ICD patients with HF should be defined on an individual basis.
Efficacy of collagenase in patients who did and did not have previous hand surgery for Dupuytren's contracture (2012)

Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is a non-surgical, efficacious therapy for Dupuytren's contracture (DC). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of CCH in patients with previous DC surgery. Data from 12 CCH clinical trials were pooled. At screening, patients provided details about the type/date of previous DC surgery. Reviewers coded descriptions to the Operated Hand, finger, and joint. Of 1082 patients, 422 (39%) had previous DC surgery. For these patients with previous surgery, the CCH treatment was coded on the Operated (n = 206) or Non-operated Hand (n = 196). End-points included changes in fixed-flexion contracture (FFC) and range of motion (ROM). Adverse events (AEs) were monitored. After treatment with CCH, FFC at metacarpophalangeal joints was reduced by 75% in previously Operated Hands and by 80% for Non-operated Hands (p = 0.6). Improvements in ROM were 32° and 32°, respectively (p = 0.9). For proximal inter-phalangeal joints, the reductions in FFC for the Operated and Non-operated Hands were 52% and 50%, respectively (p = 0.6); improvements in ROM were 24° and 26°, respectively (p = 0.3). Some AE rates were significantly higher in the Operated vs Non-operated Hand groups, but were not clinically relevant. There were no between-group significant differences in AE duration (p > 0.08). Previous surgery for DC does not affect efficacy or safety of CCH, suggesting CCH is an option in patients with recurring DC. Some AE rates were significantly higher, but not clinically relevant.
Assessment of hedge fund replication strategies (2008)

Hedge funds are investment vehicles that provide solid risk-adjusted performance in various stages of market cycle and that are not strongly correlated to the markets they transact in. The profits from hedge funds were for a long time available only to high net-worth individuals or institutional investors, who could bear the possible negative effects of a serious downturn of the fund. The recent development in the hedge fund industry however leans toward the exploitation of hedge fund returns by a wider range of investors. Many hedge fund databases and investment banks have thus created different hedge fund indices and hedge fund clones that would replicate the exposures of hedge funds with smaller fees and smaller investment requirements. Our analysis showed that the development of such products has advanced into more promising stages, when new approaches are used to better replicate the hedge fund returns. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for Electric Converted Vehicle (2023)

Design Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (DFMEA) is a structured approach used to identify and analyze potential failure modes of a system and their effects on system performance. In the paper, an FMEA approach is used for an Electric Converted Vehicle (ECV) to identify potential failure modes that could occur due to the conversion process and their effects on the vehicle's operation. In the work potential failure modes of the electrical and mechanical systems, such as the battery, electric motor, and transmission, and evaluating their severity, occurrence probability, and detection likelihood are studied. The FMEA helped to prioritize the issues with the current design and inclusion of additional safety features to minimize the impact of potential failures on the vehicle's operation.
ChemInform Abstract: ATRANE‐ANALOGOUS COMPOUNDS. III. ATRANE‐ANALOGOUS COMPOUNDS OF THE TYPE ME2DCH2CH2OSI(ME)(OCH2CH2)2D′ME (I) AND TYPE ME2DCH2CH2OSI(ME)(OCH2CH2D′ME2)OCH2CH2D“ME2 (II) (ME = CH3; D, D′, D” = N, P, AS) (1985)

Abstract CI‐Ig; D, D′, D"′ ‐ N, P, An).
Primary structure of β subunit precursor of calf muscle acetylcholine receptor deduced from cDNA sequence (1984)

Clones harbouring cDNA sequences for the β subunit precursor of the acetylcholine receptor from calf skeletal muscle have been isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has disclosed the primary structure of this polypeptide, which consists of 505 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 24 amino acids. The β subunit of the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the α and γ subunits of the same receptor and the a subunit of its human counterpart, exhibits structural features common to all four subunits of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, apparently being oriented across the membrane in the same manner as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The degree of sequence homology between the calf and Torpedo β subunits (59%) is comparable to that between the γ subunits (56%), but is lower than that between the α subunits of the two species (81%). Some regions of the β subunit molecule, including the region corresponding to the putative acetylcholine binding area on the α subunit and the region encompassing the clustered putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3, are relatively well conserved between the two species.
Object-Oriented Programming in the Beta Programming Language (1993)

This is a book on object-oriented programming and the BETA programming language. Object-oriented programming originated with the Simula languages developed at the Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, in the 1960s. The first Simula language, Simula I, was intended for writing simulation programs. Simula I was later used as a basis for defining a general purpose programming language, Simula 67. In addition to being a programming language, Simula1 was also designed as a language for describing and communicating about systems in general. Simula has been used by a relatively small community for many years, although it has had a major impact on research in computer science. The real breakthrough for object-oriented programming came with the development of Smalltalk. Since then, a large number of programming languages based on Simula concepts have appeared. C++ is the language that has had the greatest influence on the use of object-oriented programming in industry. Object-oriented programming has also been the subject of intensive research, resulting in a large number of important contributions.<br/><br/>The authors of this book, together with Bent Bruun Kristensen, have been involved in the BETA project since 1975, the aim of which is to develop concepts, constructs and tools for programming. The BETA language is one main result of this project, the various stages of which have been described in many different reports and articles (Kristensen et al., 1976; 1983a,b; 1985; 1987a,b; 1988; Madsen, 1987; Madsen and Møller-Pedersen, 1988; 1989a,b; 1992; Madsen et al., 1983). This book contains a description of the BETA language together with the conceptual framework on which BETA has been based. Beta is used for formidable buisness tasks as well as in academic education and research.<br/>
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) production in Escherichia coli (2018)

Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease with continuously increasing prevalence, rising financial pressure on the worldwide healthcare systems. Recently, the insulin resistance, hallmark of type 2 diabetes, was cured in mice treated with NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), no toxic effects being reported. However, NMN has a high price tag, more cost effective production methods are needed. This study proposes a biotechnological NMN production method in Escherichia coli. We show that bicistronic expression of recombinant nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase in the presence of nicotinamide (NAM) and lactose may be a successful strategy for cost effective NMN production. Protein expression vectors carrying NAMPT gene from Haemophilus ducreyi and PRPP synthetase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with L135I mutation were transformed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. NMN production reached a maximum of 15.42 mg per L of bacterial culture (or 17.26 mg per gram of protein) in these cells grown in PYA8 medium supplemented with 0.1% NAM and 1% lactose.
Effectiveness of a psychosocial counselling intervention for first-time IVF couples: a randomized controlled trial (2005)

The results of this study do not support the implementation of our counselling intervention for all first-time IVF couples. The low response rate suggests that there is little perceived need for psychosocial counselling among couples during a first IVF treatment cycle.
Multiperspective imaging for automated urban visualization (2006)

Traditional perspective images (such as those produced by a typical camera) cannot consistently display detail across all parts of an entire city block. It is inevitable that detail is lost in areas of the scene most distant from the camera. A multiperspective image generated from a collection of photographs or a video stream can be used to effectively summarize long, roughly planar scenes such as city streets. For example, we have generated a single continuous image of a street spanning approximately 10 city blocks. This image is over 300,000 pixels wide. 
This single-image representation has several advantages over other possible representations (such as 360-degree panoramas, individual photographs, 3D models, or satellite maps) in that it is continuous, compact, high resolution, and requires no special viewing software. However, multiperspective images also suffer distortions caused by the deviation from the familiar perspective image. 
Constructing multiperspective images with minimum distortion is typically done manually by an artist, however this is not practical for large-scale projects such as creating images along every street in an entire city. We describe how these images can be automatically constructed, including a technique to evaluate and minimize the distortion without requiring user intervention. 
This thesis presents three contributions toward the use of multiperspective images in urban visualization. The first is a method of constructing images from serially blended crossed-slits mosaics that makes it possible to along significantly reduce the distortion in the final output. Second, an efficient method of rendering high-quality multiperspective images is described, along with a user-driven GUI program that allows a user to quickly manipulate the perspective structure of a multiperspective image and gain an intuition about parameters of such images. Finally, we present a metric for quantifying the distortion in these images, along with an optimization for automatically minimizing these distortions.
Adhesion of Diamond Films on Refractory Metals Improved (1988)

"Adhesion of Diamond Films on Refractory Metals Improved." Materials and Processing Report, 3(8), pp. 4–5
Microsoft Windows Vistaリソースキット導入・展開ガイド (2008)

第１部 概要（Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ Ｖｉｓｔａの機能強化の概要；Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ Ｖｉｓｔａのセキュリティ） 第２部 展開（展開プラットフォーム；展開の計画；アプリケーション互換性のテスト；ディスクイメージの作成；ユーザー状態データの移行；アプリケーションの展開；ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＰＥの準備；ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＤＳを使った展開；ボリュームライセンス認証の使用；Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔ Ｄｅｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔ Ｔｏｏｌｋｉｔによる展開） 第３部 付録（システムファイルリファレンス；ユーザー権利リファレンス）
P4–131: Relationship between dementia and plasma levels of ABETA40 and ABETA42 in patients with down syndrome – a prospective, longitudinal study (2006)

Patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop neuropathological changes consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the age of 40. It is hypothesized that the increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene dosage due to a trisomy of chromosome 21 results in the overproduction of beta–amyloid protein (Abeta) and thereby to AD neuropathology. Previous studies suggest that increased plasma Abeta levels may antecede development of AD in general population. Our aim was to examine whether plasma Abeta levels are related to dementia in patients with DS. We prospectively selected 30 cytologically confirmed DS patients of whom 9 were demented and 21 nondemented at baseline. Neuropsychological evaluation and blood tests were done yearly during a 5–year period. Abeta levels were measured by ELISA. The APOE4 genotype was determined. Quantitative neuropathological analyses were done in 11 patients who died during the study. Plasma Abeta42 levels were substantially higher in both groups than previously reported Abeta42–levels in non–DS individuals but no significant difference between the groups was observed. The Abeta40 levels are lower than Abeta42 levels in both groups. There was no significant difference in the Abeta42/Abeta42 ratio between the groups. 6 patients became demented during the follow–up but Abeta levels did not correlate with development of dementia. APOE4 genotype did not affect Abeta levels. Moreover, the plasma Abeta levels and amyloid pathology in the brain were not correlated. Our findings showed that the APP overexpression in DS patients is reflected in blood. However, plasma Abeta does not contribute to the development of dementia and amyloid pathology in the brain in DS patients.
The influence of multiple scattering in incoherent ultrasonic inspection of coarse grain stainless steel (2002)

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) of cast stainless steel is known to be difficult due to a huge loss of focusing of the ultrasonic beam and to a high level of speckle noise generated by the coarse grain structure. It is shown that a multiple scattering process is generated by these materials. A method to characterize the incoherent component of the echographic signal is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Flavonoid fromSophora flavescens (1996)

A new dihydroflavonol named kosamol A (1) has been isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Leguminosae) along with twelve related flavonoids. The structure of 1 was determined to be (2R,3R)-5,7,2'4'-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-8-lavandulylflavanonol on the basis of spectral analyses.
Malabsorption, Villous Atrophy, and Excessive Serum IgA in a Patient with Unusual Intestinal Immunocyte Infiltration (1977)

An 11-year-old boy with gastrointestinal complaints of about 4 years' duration was admitted to hospital in 1967 with severe malabsorption and villous atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa. The clinical symptoms disappeared in association with gluten withdrawal. During the subsequent 10 years, however, the villous atrophy has persisted, and malabsorption tests have been virtually unchanged. Moreover, his serum level of IgA has remained extremely high (58-66 g/l), along with normal IgM and IgG. His IgA is mainly polymeric and shows polyclonal characteristics. Immunohistochemical investigations have demonstrated that the gastrointestinal mucosa is its major production site. About 96 per cent of the intestinal immunocytes are of the IgA class. An increased number of IgA-producing cells are also present in gastric mucosa, whereas nasal mucosa and bone marrow show no abnormality, and peripheral blood contains a normal number of IgA-bearing lymphocytes. The polymeric IgA permeates dermal and mucosal connective tissue in high concentrations and appears in the urine, but there is no marked elevation of secretory IgA levels in duodenal and salivary fluids. Nevertheless, staining of glandular epithelia indicates normal transport of IgA and presence of secretory component (SC), and saliva contains IgA-associated as well as free SC. A defect in its external transport does not therefore seem to be involved in the excessive contribution of dimeric IgA to serum. The possibility is discussed that this case may bear some relation to α-chain disease or coeliac disease.
A MAP-Based Layered Detection Algorithm and Outage Analysis Over MIMO Channels (2018)

Efficient symbol detection algorithms carry critical importance for achieving the spatial multiplexing gains promised by multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. In this paper, we consider a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP)-based symbol detection algorithm, called M-BLAST, over uncoded quasi-static MIMO channels. Relying on the successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver, the M-BLAST algorithm offers a superior error performance over its predecessor V-BLAST with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of as large as 2 dB under various settings of recent interest. Performance analysis of the M-BLAST algorithm is very complicated since the proposed detection order depends on the decision errors dynamically, which makes an already complex analysis of the conventional ordered SIC receivers even more difficult. To this end, a rigorous analytical framework is proposed to analyze the outage behavior of the M-BLAST algorithm over binary complex alphabets and two transmitting antennas, which has a potential to be generalized to multiple transmitting antennas and multidimensional constellation sets. The numerical results show a very good match between the analytical and simulation data under various SNR values and modulation alphabets.