gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Mode Fluorescent 18F-PET Tracers: Efficient Modular Synthesis of Rhodamine-[cRGD]2-[18F]-Organotrifluoroborate, Rapid, and High Yielding One-Step 18F-Labeling at High Specific Activity, and Correlated in Vivo PET Imaging and ex Vivo Fluorescence (2014)

The design of dual mode fluorescent-PET peptidic tracers that can be labeled with [(18)F]fluoride at high specific activity and high yield has been challenged by the short half-life of (18)F and its aqueous indolence toward nucleophilic displacement, that often necessitates multistep reactions that start with punctiliously dry conditions. Here we present a modular approach to constructing a fluorescent dimeric peptide with a pendant radioprosthesis that is labeled in water with [(18)F]fluoride ion in a single, user-friendly step. The modular approach starts with grafting a new zwitterionic organotrifluoroborate radioprosthesis onto a pentaerythritol core with three pendent alkynes that enable successive grafting of a bright fluorophore (rhodamine) followed by two peptides (cylcoRGD). The construct is labeled with [(18)F]fluoride via isotope exchange within 20 min in a single step at high specific activity (>3 Ci/μmol) and in good yield to provide 275 mCi and high radiochemical purity. Neither drying of the [(18)F]fluoride ion solution nor HPLC purification of the labeled tracer is required. Facile chemical synthesis of this dual mode tracer along with a user-friendly one-step radiolabeling method affords very high specific activity. In vivo PET images of the dual mode tracer are acquired at both high and low specific activities. At very high specific activity, i.e., 3.5 Ci/μmol, tumor uptake is relatively high (5.5%ID/g), yet the associated mass is below the limits of fluorescent detection. At low specific activity, i.e., 0.01 Ci/μmol, tumor uptake in the PET image is reduced by approximately 50% (2.9%ID/g), but the greater associated mass enables fluorescence detection in the tumor. These data highlight a facile production of a dual mode fluorescent-PET tracer which is validated with in vivo and ex vivo images. These data also define critical limitations for the use of dual mode tracers in small animals.
Syndecan-1 is targeted to the uropods of polarized myeloma cells where it promotes adhesion and sequesters heparin-binding proteins (2000)

Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a heparan sulfate-bearing proteoglycan present on the surface of myeloma cells where it mediates myeloma cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In this study, we examined myeloma cell lines for cell membrane localization of syndecan-1. On some cells we note a striking localization of syndecan-1 to a single small membrane protrusion, with the remainder of the cell surface being mostly negative for syndecan-1. Examination of cell morphology reveals that a proportion of cells from myeloma cell lines, as well as primary myeloma cells, are polarized, with a uropod on one end and lamellipodia on the other end. On these polarized cells, syndecan-1 is specifically targeted to the uropod, but in contrast, on nonpolarized cells syndecan-1 is evenly distributed over the entire cell surface. In addition to syndecan-1, several other cell surface molecules localize specifically to the uropod, including CD44 and CD54. Functional assays reveal that myeloma cell lines with a high proportion of polarized cells have a much higher migratory potential than cell lines with few polarized cells. Moreover, the uropod is the cell pole preferentially involved in aggregation of myeloma cells and in adhesion of myeloma cells to osteoblast-like cells. When polarized myeloma cells are incubated with heparin-binding proteins, like hepatocyte growth factor or osteoprotegerin, they concentrate in the uropod. These data indicate that syndecan-1 is targeted to the uropod of polarized myeloma cells and that this targeting plays a role in promoting cell-cell adhesion and may also regulate the biological activity of heparin-binding cytokines.
Timely Fracture-Healing Requires Optimization of Axial Fixation Stability (2007)

In this study, a clear relationship between the stability of fixation and the mechanical strength of the healing tibia was seen. Moderate levels of axial stability were associated with the highest callus strength and stiffness.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the C1—C13 Fragment of 2,3‐Dihydrodorrigocin A (I). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanochemically driven solid-state Diels–Alder reaction of graphite into graphene nanoplatelets (2013)

A mechanochemically driven solid-state Diels–Alder reaction is demonstrated via dry ball-milling graphite as the diene in the presence of maleic anhydride or maleimide as the dienophile. On the basis of various characterizations, the Diels–Alder adducts are edge-selectively functionalized and subsequently delaminated into graphene nanoplatelets.
Enhanced Angiogenic Capacity and Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Expression by Endothelial Cells Isolated from Human Endometrium (2001)

The endometrium is a tissue unique for its cyclic destruction and rapid regeneration of blood vessels. Angiogenesis, indispensable for the regeneration process, provides a richly vascularized, receptive endometrium fundamental for implantation, placentation, and embryogenesis. Human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (hEMVEC) were isolated to better understand the properties and angiogenic behavior of these cells. Unlike human foreskin microvascular endothelial cells (hFMVEC), which proliferated better upon stimulation by basic fibroblast growth factor, hEMVEC were much more sensitive to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) stimulation, probably due to enhanced VEGF receptor 2 expression. In addition, hEMVEC displayed an enhanced expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) compared with hFMVEC. No differences were found in tissue-type PA, PA inhibitor-1, and u-PA receptor expression. The high expression of u-PA by hEMVEC was also found in tissue sections. hEMVEC formed capillary-like structures when cultured in 20% human serum on top of three-dimensional fibrin matrices, and VEGF-A or basic fibroblast growth factor increased this tube formation. This is in contrast with hFMVEC, which formed tubes only after simultaneous stimulation by a growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The high basal level of u-PA contributes to and may explain the higher angiogenic properties of hEMVEC (in vitro).
Diaphragm shape effect on the sensitivity of surface acoustic wave based pressure sensor for harsh environment (2015)

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) based surface acoustic wave (SAW) pressure sensors for harsh environment applications are of great interest in recent years. Such sensor employs a thick diaphragm (∼50 μm) to endure the high pressure, but this seriously limits the sensitivity of these devices. Understanding of the working mechanism and the effect of geometrical parameters will yield the design principles to achieve improved sensitivity. In this letter, the effect of diaphragm on the performance of SAW pressure sensors is studied. AlN based SAW resonators on (100) wafer with different diaphragm shapes are fabricated, packaged, and characterized. Pressure coefficient of frequency (PCF) of pressure sensors with circular diaphragm, rectangular diaphragm (small aspect ratio) and rectangular diaphragm (large aspect ratio) is found to be 0.071 ppm/psi, 0.038 ppm/psi, and −0.171 ppm/psi, respectively. The longitudinal and lateral strains along the SAW propagation direction (〈100〉 direction) have the opposite effects on the frequency change, i.e., longitudinal strain increases the resonant frequency while lateral strain decreases the resonant frequency. Hence, the measured PCF is a combined effect of the two strains, whereby increase in lateral strain results in lower PCF. The ratio of longitudinal/lateral strain is determined by the diaphragm shape. The rectangular diaphragm (large aspect ratio) with only lateral strain thus shows negative PCF. Additionally, by changing the wafer plane, SAW propagation direction and ratio of longitudinal/lateral strains may help to enhance the primary strain effect and minimize the reverse strain effect. This approach could further improve the sensitivity of pressure sensor without sacrificing its high pressure sensing range for harsh environment applications.
The Evolution of Networks and Management in a 6G World: An Inventor’s View (2022)

The onset of the 6G era in telecommunications, touted to launch in 2030, is hoped to serve many masters and deliver an unparalleled improvement in capabilities, applications, intelligence, and indeed liberate human potential. The vision of 6G incorporates new radio frequencies and technologies, the integration of sensing, cognitive methods defining both network functions and their management, and new networking approaches for a broader scope of applications and distribution. The challenges for inventors lies in both physical devices and a substantive improvement in the development of functions implemented by, and managed, with software. The algorithms (including dynamic solutions based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning), protocols, and architecture evolutions will bring together the most advanced software systems ever imagined for telecommunications. Yet, the business of companies building and operating these next generation platforms requires a huge investment, and 6G will exceed all others with its breadth and complexity. This paper outlines one possible timeline of technological impact based on the pace of invention, investment, global context, and the broad goals of 6G. From this, follows a vision of the critical methods in automation, security and networking that we believe will be central to bringing the dream of 6G to a reality.
Path planning based on improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm (2019)

Traditional DDPG algorithm experience replay is limited by the fixed replay buffer capacity, which cannot meet the demand for multi-feature data with the improvement of the learning ability of the algorithm. Aiming at the above problems, a variable capacity experience replay sampling method based on learning curve theory is proposed. By adding the learning curve to the DDPG algorithm, the algorithm realizes real-time adjustment of the replay buffer capacity according to its own learning curve, which improves the effectiveness of the sample data on the algorithm training. The simulation environment of path planning is built by using Python and Pyglet library. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm achieves better learning results.
Low-voltage triode sputtering with a confined plasma: Part I—geometric aspects of deposition (1974)

Low-voltage triode sputtering is a film deposition process capable of high deposition rates (100–600 Å/min) using voltages less than 500 V and Ar pressures of about 1 μ. This paper considers the geometric aspects of low-voltage triode deposition which include: (1) the thickness uniformity over the substrate table; (2) step coverage; and (3) the geometric conditions that give the best thickness uniformity, step coverage, and maximum utilization of target area.
Surfactant chromatographic movement: An experimental study (1985)

Abstract Previous papers (Trogus et al., 1979a; Harwell et al., 1982) have developed a theory of surfactant chromatographic movement on the assumption that micelles may be treated as a separate thermodynamic phase in predicting surfactant adsorption. The work examined here demonstrates that, even with incorporation of the complex surface interactions between surfactant molecules that are present in real systems, conclusions and observations made in the previous studies hold true. Additionally, theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results to demonstrate that for the system studied the phase separation model of micelle formation (Shinoda, 1963) and the plateau adsorption model (Trogus et al., 1979a) are powerful and useful simplifications for predicting surfactant chromatographic behavior.
Survivin and IAP proteins in cell-death mechanisms (2010)

From the realization that cell number homoeostasis is fundamental to the biology of all metazoans, and that deregulation of this process leads to human diseases, enormous interest has been devoted over the last two decades to map the requirements of cell death and cell survival. This effort has led to tangible progress, and we can now chart with reasonable accuracy complex signalling circuitries controlling cell-fate decisions. Some of this knowledge has translated into novel therapeutics, and the outcome of these strategies, especially in cancer, is eagerly awaited. However, the function of cell-death modifiers have considerably broadened over the last few years, and these molecules are increasingly recognized as arbiters of cellular homoeostasis, from cell division, to intracellular signalling to cellular adaptation. This panoply of functions is best exemplified by members of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) gene family, molecules originally narrowly defined as endogenous caspase inhibitors, but now firmly positioned at the crossroads of multiple normal and transformed cellular responses.
Atomistic evolution during the phase transition on a metastable single NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticle (2018)

The phase evolution of as-prepared NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with a metastable cubic structure is studied based on in situ heating experiments via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The atomistic behavior on the single NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er UCNP is observed during the phase transition. The formation and evolution of voids on the NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er UCNP appear at a temperature below 420 °C. Small circular voids are transformed at the initial stage to a large, hexagonal-pillar shaped single void. Two different routes to reach the stable α-phase from the metastable cubic structure are identified on a single NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er UCNP. The first is via a stable β-phase and the second is a direct change via a liquid-like phase. The specific orientation relationships, [110]<sub>cubic</sub>//[11[Formula: see text]0]<sub>hexagonal</sub> and {002}<sub>cubic</sub>//{2[Formula: see text]00}<sub>hexagonal</sub>, between the cubic and hexagonal structures are confirmed. Additionally, a few extra-half planes terminated in the cubic structures are also observed at the cubic/hexagonal interface.
Combination pharmaceutical therapies for obesity (2009)

The anti-obesity medications available at present achieve a rather modest degree of weight loss that falls below the expectations of clinicians as well as consumers. Several combination drug therapies are in development with the aim of achieving better results that would be clinically more meaningful in the reduction of obesity-related health risks. This paper discusses the pros and cons of combination therapies, and the ongoing research in this area.
Modeling human reaching phase in human-human object handover with application in robot-human handover (2017)

In robot to human object handover, the configuration (position and orientation) in which the object is transferred should be selected so that the handover is safe and comfortable for the human. The trajectory on which the robot moves the object to the point of transfer should be also selected so that the robot intention is clear and the handover feels natural to the human. In this paper, we propose to select the configuration for the transfer and the trajectory to reach this configuration based on what humans do in human-human handovers. We describe a human study designed to investigate the human-human handover and propose an ergonomic model that can predict object transfer position observed in the study. A human-robot experiment is then conducted that shows that the proposed model generates transfer positions that match the preferred height and distance relative to the human.
SHROOM3-FYN Interaction Regulates Nephrin Phosphorylation and Affects Albuminuria in Allografts (2018)

We demonstrate a novel mechanism that may explain SHROOM3's dichotomous associations in glomerular versus nonglomerular compartments in CKD.
Tetracycline@Silver Ions-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for High Bactericidal Activity at Ultra-Low Concentration (2018)

<b>Aim:</b> Polyether pores were designed and tetracycline-loaded mesoporous silica materials, with their surface decorated by silver ions, were prepared, with the aim of reaching high antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, mammalian cell cytotoxicity and hemolytic effects were not observed using material concentrations tenfold the ones optimized for the bactericidal tests. <b>Methods:</b> Pore size was tuned by changing the polyether content and the surface was covalently decorated with silver thiolate groups. <b>Results:</b> We showed that the biological activity was enhanced by modulating silver ions and tetracycline releases by tuning silver thiolate group concentration on the silica surface and/or by modulating the pH of the environment. <b>Conclusion:</b> The combined use of tetracycline and silver ions with the mesoporous drug-delivery carrier was a very effective strategy against susceptible and tetracycline-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria.
Genome-wide genetic data on ~500,000 UK Biobank participants (2017)

Abstract The UK Biobank project is a large prospective cohort study of ~500,000 individuals from across the United Kingdom, aged between 40-69 at recruitment. A rich variety of phenotypic and health-related information is available on each participant, making the resource unprecedented in its size and scope. Here we describe the genome-wide genotype data (~805,000 markers) collected on all individuals in the cohort and its quality control procedures. Genotype data on this scale offers novel opportunities for assessing quality issues, although the wide range of ancestries of the individuals in the cohort also creates particular challenges. We also conducted a set of analyses that reveal properties of the genetic data – such as population structure and relatedness – that can be important for downstream analyses. In addition, we phased and imputed genotypes into the dataset, using computationally efficient methods combined with the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) and UK10K haplotype resource. This increases the number of testable variants by over 100-fold to ~96 million variants. We also imputed classical allelic variation at 11 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, and as a quality control check of this imputation, we replicate signals of known associations between HLA alleles and many common diseases. We describe tools that allow efficient genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of multiple traits and fast phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS), which work together with a new compressed file format that has been used to distribute the dataset. As a further check of the genotyped and imputed datasets, we performed a test-case genome-wide association scan on a well-studied human trait, standing height.
Compact modeling of memristive IMP gates for reliable stateful logic design (2014)

Introducing non-volatility into CMOS circuits is a promising solution to overcome the standby power dissipation due to leakage, which has become a major challenge of today's VLSI. Stateful logic inherently realizes non-volatile logic-in-memory circuits with zero-standby power and opens the door for a shift away from the Von Neumann architecture. To ensure a correct logic behavior in all input patterns, the reliability of the conditional switching in the stateful logic gates is the most important design objective. In this work the goal is to efficiently calculate the reliabilities in TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based and spintronic stateful implication (IMP) logic gates with the aid of compact but sufficiently accurate device models. It is demonstrated that in order to avoid a state computation error in the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based IMP gate, refreshing is required after a limited number of logic steps as the state drift errors accumulate. Due to the magnetic bistability of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), spin-transfer torque (STT)-MTJ-based IMP logic gates eliminate error accumulation and thus are inherently suited for digital computing. A modified SPICE model is presented to optimize the circuit parameters of the STT-MTJ-based gates for providing a reliable conditional switching behavior.
Underwater Hearing in the Frog, Rana Catesbeiana (1981)

ABSTRACT Comparable auditory sound pressure level (SPL) and sound intensity level (SIL) threshold curves were determined in air and under water in Rana catesbeiana. Threshold curves were determined using chronic metal electrode implants which detected multi-unit responses of the torus semicircularis to incident sound. In terms of SPL, hearing thresholds in water and air are similar below 0·2 kHz. Above 0·2 kHz, the sensitivity under water falls off at about 16 dB/octave to reach an average loss of about 30 dB above 0·4 kHz. In terms of SIL, the organism is about 30 dB more sensitive under water than in air below 0·2 kHz and equally sensitive in air and water above 0·4 kHz. The relative merits of the two measures are discussed and an attempt is made to relate the results to morphology of the middle and inner ears. This report is the first to compare aerial and underwater hearing abilities in any organism using electrode implants.
Air-stable short-wave infrared PbS colloidal quantum dot photoconductors passivated with Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (2014)

A PbS colloidal quantum dot photoconductor with Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) passivation for air-stable operation is presented. Two different types of inorganic ligands for the quantum dots, S2− and OH−, are investigated. PbS/S2− photoconductors with a cut-off wavelength up to 2.4 μm are obtained, and a responsivity up to 50 A/W at 1550 nm is reported. The corresponding specific detectivity is ∼3.4 × 108 Jones at 230 K. The 3-dB bandwidth of the PbS/S2− and PbS/OH− photodetectors is 40 Hz and 11 Hz, respectively.
Dimensional Stability Properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) from Treated Oil Palm (&lt;i&gt;Elaeis guineensis&lt;/i&gt;) Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Fibres (2016)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatments by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid on oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibres for the production of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF). The EFB fibres were treated with chemicals in the concentration range of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% prior to refining. Single-homogenous layer MDF with 12 mm thickness and density of 720 kg/m3 was produced. Urea-Formaldehyde (UF) was applied at 10% loading (based on dry weight of dry fibres) as a binder. The physical properties (Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) of the produced panels were tested according to European Standard, EN 622-5:2006. The results show that types of chemical used had greater effects than concentration on the dimensional stability of the MDF. EFB fibres treated with acetic acid produced MDF with better dimensional stability compared to the MDF NaOH treated fibres. High concentration of NaOH produced poor dimensional stability in the panels.