gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light emitting diode sub-Poissonian light source (1987)

We drive a high-efficiency gallium arsenide light emitting diode (LED) with a low-noise current and measure the noise in the detected photocurrent from a high-quantum-efficiency silicon photodiode collecting most of the emitted light. The drive current is obtained from a resistor in series with a low-noise voltage supply. The Johnson noise in the current is much less than shot noise whenever the voltage across the resistor is large compared with 50 mV (2 kT/e at room temperature). The LED converts electrons to photons directly with some efficiency η.
311 Optimization of Camera Position for Robot Vision (2010)

Recently, the needs of autonomic robot have risen in the point of production. So, it is necessary for these robots to recognize the external environment by using vision sensor such as camera. When camera is used in robot system, camera calibration have to be performed to calculate three dimension position from image gotten by the camera. In this research, we decide on the optimal camera position to fulfill improving object position recognition accuracy and verify it by handling task using robot hand.
Machine learning based feedback on textual student answers in large courses (2022)

Many engineering disciplines require problem-solving skills, which cannot be learned by memorization alone. Open-ended textual exercises allow students to acquire these skills. Students can learn from their mistakes when instructors provide individual feedback. However, grading these exercises is often a manual, repetitive, and time-consuming activity. The number of computer science students graduating per year has steadily increased over the last decade. This rise has led to large courses that cause a heavy workload for instructors, especially if they provide individual feedback to students. This article presents CoFee, a framework to generate and suggest computer-aided feedback for textual exercises based on machine learning. CoFee utilizes a segment-based grading concept, which links feedback to text segments. CoFee automates grading based on topic modeling and an assessment knowledge repository acquired during previous assessments. A language model builds an intermediate representation of the text segments. Hierarchical clustering identifies groups of similar text segments to reduce the grading overhead. We first demonstrated the CoFee framework in a small laboratory experiment in 2019, which showed that the grading overhead could be reduced by 85%. This experiment confirmed the feasibility of automating the grading process for problem-solving exercises. We then evaluated CoFee in a large course at the Technical University of Munich from 2019 to 2021, with up to 2, 200 enrolled students per course. We collected data from 34 exercises offered in each of these courses. On average, CoFee suggested feedback for 45% of the submissions. 92% (Positive Predictive Value) of these suggestions were precise and, therefore, accepted by the instructors.
Monoclonal antibodies: methods and clinical laboratory applications. (1983)

Kohler and Milstein have shown that individual clones of normal antibody-secreting lymphocytes could be immortalized by fusion with myeloma cells. These investigators initiated a new era of technology with the successful in vitro production of monoclonal antibodies via somatic cell hybridization. With the use of monoclonal antibodies, many major problems arising from the limited specificity and reproducibility of conventional antisera can be solved. Some of the commonly employed methods for the production of monoclonal antibody are: (1) fusion of sensitized lymphocytes and myelomas from different sources to produce continuous antibody-producing cell lines; (2) in vitro viral transformation of sensitized lymphocytes to form continuous antibody-producing cells; (3) hybrid fusion of sensitized lymphocytes and continuous B lymphocyte cell lines. During the past few years, monoclonal antibody methodology has been used in almost every area of biological research. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as structural probes for proteins and hormones, and as highly specific agents for histocompatibility testing, tumor localization, immunotherapy, purification of molecules, identification of new surface antigens on lymphocytes and tumor cells, and detection of drug levels and microbial and parasitic diseases. In addition, several investigators have developed alternative methods for the production of human as well as mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies. The new technology of in vitro production of animal and human monoclonal antibodies will have many future applications in diagnosis and therapy in laboratory and clinical medicine.
Study of subgridding in SAR computation for the cochlea (2005)

A 3D subgridding technique is used to model the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in the isolated cochlea exposed to mobile phone radiation at 1750 MHz using the FDTD method. The cochlea is modeled using an increasing spatial resolutions of 1, 1/3, 1/5, and 1/7 mm. First simulations were performed at 1 mm spatial resolution. The numerical resolution was then increased to 1/3, 1/5, and 1/7 using subgridding without changing the spatial resolution. A second set of simulations was then performed when both the spatial and numerical resolution were increased together. From the obtained results, we conclude that subgridding is important only when both the numerical resolution of the computational grid and the spatial resolution of the model are increased together.
Stabilization and solidification of chromium-contaminated soil (1997)

Chromium-contaminated soil is a common environmental problem in the United States as a result of numerous industrial processes involving chromium. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is the species of most concern because of its toxicity and mobility in groundwater. One method of diminishing the environmental impact of chromium is to reduce it to a trivalent oxidation state [Cr(III)], in which it is relatively insoluble and nontoxic. This study investigated a stabilization and solidification process to minimize the chromium concentration in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extract and to produce a solidified waste form with a compressive strength in the range of 150 to 300 pounds per square inch (psi). To minimize the chromium in the TCLP extract, the chromium had to be reduced to the trivalent oxidation state. The average used in this study was an alluvium contaminated with chromic and sulfuric acid solutions. The chromium concentration in the in the in situ soil was 1212 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) total chromium and 275 mg/kg Cr(VI). The effectiveness of iron, ferrous sulfate to reduce Cr(VI) was tested in batch experiments.
The treatment of an old rupture of the quadriceps tendon and it results (1982)

In this study of ours attempts have been made to discuss the CODIVILLA surgery which was applied in 1981 on 2 cases with an old rupture of the quadriceps tendon in the department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology in the İstanbul Medical School of the İstanbul University, and to arrive ot condusions, indicating that it has yielded successful results.
Development of numerical simulation technique for laser welding (2003)

We have been developing numerical simulation technique for laser welding. This study present some results obtained recently on the improvements of simulation models and numerical procedures, experimental data for code validation and the results of comparison of experiments with numerical analysis. We added the surface evaporation model under boiling temperature and introduced the level-set method as accurate and low numerical diffusion tracking procedure. We extend our gas phase model as enable to treat multi species of gas and mutual diffusion process. Two kinds of experiment were carried out in this study for code validation. One is the experiment to observe the surface tension driven convective flow and the other is to confirm the threshold of laser power density to form the keyhole. In these experiments, 6 kW YAG laser is used in CW mode and test pieces of aluminum alloy A1050P are irradiated in an inert atmospheric box. We calculated the heat conduction type of welding using improved code based on the actual welding conditions including the surface tension and surface evaporating models. And we simulated a series of transient behavior of molten pool irradiated by high laser power density.
Characteristics of a diesel spray impinging on a flat wall. (1st report). (1988)

In the experiments presented here, a single diesel spray was impinging on a flat plate at a normal angle, in a high pressure of atmosphere 1.5 MPa at room temperature. The temporal and spatial droplets density was measured by the laser extinction method. The data was processed statistically, applying the model of a concentric circle for this spray. Also the Sauter mean diameter was calculated from these data, under the some assumptions. Then the droplets density is increased, and its profile peaked at the spray edge, as the measuring point went nearer the plate. The Sauter mean diameter is about 30 μm and is not so much different from that of free diesel spray.
Isolation and identification of cultivable lactic acid bacteria in traditional yak milk products of Gansu Province in China (2012)

Various traditional fermented yak milk and raw milk foods could be considered as an abundant resource for obtaining novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with unique properties. Eighty-eight samples of yak milk products were collected from Gansu Province in China. Three hundred and nineteen strains of LAB isolated from these samples were identified by phenotypic methods, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology. Among the isolates, one hundred and sixty-four isolates (51.41% of the total) were classified under Lactobacilli, and one hundred and fifty-five (48.59%) belonged to cocci. All the isolates were classified to six genera (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Weissella) and twenty-one species. Lactobacillus helveticus (87 strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (49 strains), Streptococcus thermophilus (39 strains), Lactobacillus casei (31 strains) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (19 strains) were considered as the predominant populations in the yak milk products. The results showed that there were abundant genus and species LAB existing in yak milk products in Gansu Province in China. The obtained LAB pure cultures may be a valuable source for further starter selection.
Detection of high molecular weight starburst dendrimers by electrospray ionization mass spectometry (1995)

Abstract An entire series of Starburst polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers consisting of generations 1 through 10 (G1–10) have been studied by positive‐ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) using an extended m/z range quadrupole mass spectrometer. Charge‐state distributions were detected as high as m/z 12 000 for the generation 10 dendrimer, having a theoretical molecular weight of 1 megadalton and containing approximately 93 maximum positive charges on the molecule. Accurate molecular weight determinations of the smaller generation dendrimers (G1–3, M r ∼ 1.4kDa to 6.9kDa) were obtained using a commercial triple quadrupole instrument. The unit resolution ESI mass spectra provide information on the number of incomplete reactions which may occur during polymer synthesis. The extent of gas‐phase charging observed by ESI‐MS on the entire series of macromolecules was found to exhibit a linear relationship to M , consistent with theoretical models prediciting a spherical ion structure with maximum charging controlled by Coulombic effects.
CCAR-1 affects hemidesmosome biogenesis by regulating unc-52/perlecan alternative splicing in the C. elegans epidermis (2018)

Hemidesmosomes are epithelial-specific attachment structures that maintain tissue integrity and resist tension. Despite their importance, how hemidesmosomes are regulated at the post-transcriptional level is poorly understood. <i>Caenorhabditis</i><i>elegans</i> hemidesmosomes (CeHDs) have a similar structure and composition to their mammalian counterparts, making <i>C. elegans</i> an ideal model for studying hemidesmosomes. Here, we focus on the transcription regulator CCAR-1, identified in a previous genetic screen searching for enhancers of mutations in the conserved hemidesmosome component VAB-10A (known as plectin in mammals). Loss of CCAR-1 function in a <i>vab-10(e698)</i> background results in CeHD disruption and muscle detachment from the epidermis. CCAR-1 regulates CeHD biogenesis, not by controlling the transcription of CeHD-related genes, but by affecting the alternative splicing of <i>unc-52</i> (known as perlecan or HSPG2 in mammals), the predicted basement extracellular matrix (ECM) ligand of CeHDs. CCAR-1 physically interacts with HRP-2 (hnRNPR in mammals), a splicing factor known to mediate <i>unc-52</i> alternative splicing to control the proportions of different UNC-52 isoforms and stabilize CeHDs. Our discovery underlines the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in hemidesmosome reorganization. It also uncovers previously unappreciated roles of CCAR-1 in alternative splicing and hemidesmosome biogenesis, shedding new light on the mechanisms through which mammalian CCAR1 functions in tumorigenesis.
High Levels of Psychological Resilience Are Associated With Decreased Anxiety in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

High resilience is independently associated with lower anxiety in IBD patients, and we report a quantifiable decrease in anxiety score severity for every point of increase in resilience score. These findings suggest that IBD patients with higher resilience may have better coping mechanisms that buffer against the development of anxiety.
Del aprendizaje significativo al aprendizaje sustentable. Parte 2 (2004)

El aula es un espacio de comunicacion entre la mente del docente (experto) y las mentes de los alumnos (novatos). En este contexto, el modelo de aprendizaje cognitivo consciente (MACCS) permite la reinterpretacion y resignificacion tanto de procedimientos de ensenanza como de procesos de aprendizaje. En el presente trabajo, se analizan aspectos semanticos y sintacticos de los lenguajes como obstaculos para las habilidades comuncacionales en el aula. Asimismo, cuestionamos, desde fundamentos epistemologicos, acciones didacticas tradicionales como las de indagar ideas previas, generar conflictos cognitivos y promover el cambio conceptual, proponiendo alternativas fundamentadas en el MACCS.
Measurement of the Branching Ratio for the Dissociative Recombination ofH3++e (1983)

The dissociative recombination of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ with electrons can have two exit channels, namely $e$+ ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}H + H + H (channel I), and $e$+ ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ + H (channel II). A new technique has been developed which has been used to determine the relative contributions of channels I and II to the overall recombination process. Over the energy range from 0.01 to 0.05 eV it has been found that channel I dominates.
Design of Mechanically Robust High-Tg Polymers:  Synthesis and Dynamic Mechanical Relaxation Behavior of Glassy Poly(ester carbonate)s with Cyclohexylene Rings in the Backbone (2003)

High-Tg yet mechanically robust polymers are desirable but difficult to realize. To explore whether the insertion of a motionally active molecular entity in the backbone could produce polymers with both high Tg and yet are not brittle, three series of high-Tg glassy polycarbonates/polyesters/poly(ester carbonate)s were designed and synthesized. The secondary relaxation behavior of these polymers was studied by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). Incorporation of cyclohexylene groups (C-rings) in the main chain of polymers made from two rigid and bulky monomers, spirobiindane bisphenol (SBI) and trimethylcyclohexylbisphenol (Tmc), respectively, changes the γ relaxation process dramatically in peak shape and position in these polymers. No such change is observed in polycarbonate polymers made from cyclohexylbisphenol (BPAZ), or ZPC for short. Through monitoring the γ relaxation with gradual structural change, C-rings in the main chain backbone are proposed to undergo active ring inversion. The γ relaxation of ZPC is proposed to be mainly due to side-chain C-ring inversion. The narrowing on the high-temperature side of the γ relaxation peak of the polycarbonate of Tmc is proposed to be due to the restricted motion of its axial phenyl rings. A linear correlation between relaxation strength and total C-ring concentration was found for all the polymers.
Type-based publish/subscribe (2001)

This paper presents type-based publish/subscribe, a new variant of the publish/subscribe paradigm. Producers publish message objects on a communication bus, and consumers subscribe to the bus by specifying the types of the objects they are interested in. Message objects are considered as first class citizens and are classified by their types, instead of arbitrarily fixed topics. By reusing the type scheme of the language to classify message objects, type-based publish/subscribe avoids any unnatural subscription scheme and provides for a seamless integration of a publish/subscribe middleware with the programming language. Type-based publish/subscribe has several quantifiable advantages over other publish/subscribe variants. In particular, the knowledge of the type of message objects enforces performance optimizations when combined with dynamic filters for content-based subscription. %from dynamically defined requirements. Our type-based publish/subscribe prototype is based on Distributed Asynchronous Collections (DACs), programming abstractions for publish/subscribe interaction. They are implemented using GJ, an extended Java compiler adding genericity to the Java language, and enable the expression of safely typed distributed interaction without requiring any generation of typed proxies.
Axial Transonic Rotor and Stage Behavior Near the Stability Limit (2011)

Transient casing pressure data from a transonic rotor and rotor-stator stage measured using high-speed pressure probes embedded in the casewall over the rotor tips are analyzed. Using long data sets sampled at a high frequency, low-frequency (less than once-per-revolution) nonaxisymmetric flow phenomena were detected while operating at steady-state conditions near stall. Both the rotor and stage cases are investigated, and the difference in behavior of a rotor with and without a stator blade row is investigated. Data for both cases over the speed range 70–100% of design and from choke to near the stability limit (stall or surge) are presented. The root mean square power of the low-frequency signal as well as its fraction of the total pressure signal is presented. It was thought that the behavior of these signals as stall was approached could lead to some method of detecting the proximity of stall. For the rotor-only configuration, the strength of these nonaxisymmetric phenomena increased as stall was approached for all speed-lines. However, for the stage configuration, more representative of an operational machine, these were of a lower magnitude and did not exhibit a clearly increasing trend as stall was approached. This would seem to indicate that the stator suppressed these signals somewhat. It is also shown that these nonaxisymmetric phenomena led to a significant variation of the mean relative inlet flow angle into the rotor blade. During stable operation near to stall at 100% speed for the rotor-only case, a 1.9 deg variation of this angle was measured. This compared with a 5.6 deg variation over the entire speed-line. Further, it was observed that while the rotor and stage cases had different stability limits, their peak relative inlet flow angles near stall were similar for both along most speed-lines.
Inhibitory effect of double atmospheric pressure argon cold plasma on spores and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus niger contaminating date palm fruits (2014)

DAPACP showed promising results in dry fruit decontamination and in inhibition of mycotoxin release by A. niger contaminating the fruits. The progress in the commercial application of cold plasma needs further investigation concerning the ideal width of the plasma output to enable it to cover wider surfaces of the sample and consequently inducing greater plasma performance.
Assessment of atrial natriuretic peptide resistance in cirrhosis with head-out water immersion and atrial natriuretic peptide infusion (1993)

The nature of sodium retention in cirrhosis complicated by ascites has been studied for the last 30 years. Resistance to the natriuretic action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may play a potential role in this sodium retention. To further evaluate this possibility, we studied 12 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and ascites on 2 consecutive days after a 7-day period off diuretics while receiving a 20 mmol/day sodium restricted diet. Following a crossover design, patients underwent head-out water immersion (HWI) for 3 h and were infused with a alpha-human ANP for 2 h on 2 consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected hourly. Five patients displayed a natriuretic response to HWI, sufficient to achieve negative sodium balance, and these patients were termed responders. Each of these five patients also displayed a natriuretic response to ANP infusion. In contrast, the other seven patients (nonresponders) consistently failed to develop a natriuretic response to either maneuver. The two groups had similar elevations in plasma ANP concentrations, but at baseline differed in terms of plasma sodium, plasma renin activity, and serum aldosterone. Despite higher serum aldosterone concentrations, nonresponders excreted less potassium than responders during the peak effect of the interventions, suggesting greater sodium delivery to the aldosterone-sensitive nephron segment in responders. We conclude that the inability to mount an adequate sodium excretory response to HWI in patients with cirrhosis may be conveyed through increased antinatriuretic factors that decrease the sodium delivery to the medullary collecting duct and inhibit the natriuretic effect of ANP at that site.
Nailed Tubular Connections under Axial Loading (1996)

An experimental research program on nailed steel tubular connections is described. The “nailing” of one tube to another coaxial tube within it is achieved by a powder-actuated tool and very high strength driven pins (or nails). Combined steel thicknesses of up to 13 mm (1/2 in.) have been easily connected. Furthermore, these structural connections are made very quickly and safely after minimal training with the equipment. A range of tubes up to 406 mm (16 in.) in diameter, with various diameter-to-thickness ratios, tube wall thickness, and lack of fit, have been joined and 42 tube connections have been tested to failure under axial tension or compression loading. The observed failure modes were nail shear failure, tube bearing failure, and tube shear out failure, for which simple prediction formulas are verified. A recommended load and resistance factor design (or limit states design) procedure for such axially loaded tube-in-tube connections is then advocated.
A new dedicated double-tuned (100 MHz-27 MHz) volume RF coil actively-decoupled from a receive-only simple-tuned (27 MHz) coil: application to the MRI experiments of hyperpolarized 129Xe in the rat brain (2008)

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