gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-Generation Theoretical Study of Sound Emission from Turbomacbinery Ducts (1974)

Development of advanced gas-turbine power-plant systems requires the capability to predict accurately turbomachinery noise levels in the farfield. The purpose of the research described herein was to extend the understanding of the propagation of sound through realistically contoured inlet and exhaust ducts and to produce a methodology which relaxes the simplifications inherent in previous analyses of the propagation of sound in hard- and soft-walled ducts. Real inlet and exhaust ducts were simulated by matching an appropriate series of cylindrical and conical elements, terminating in a plane baffle, with specified acoustic wall impedance and mean airflow for each element. At the juncture between each finite element, appropriate solutions to the linear wave equation were coupled to describe the propagation of particular acoustic modes. Some initial results of the theoretical studies were that (a) acoustic power can propagate along a finite duct at frequencies below cutoff; (b) cutoff frequency is increased by constricting duct cross section; (c) specific acoustic modes may be ideally cancelled due to the effect of subsonic axial flow; (d) duct length may be selected to minimize the modal power radiated at a given frequency; and (e) wave reflections at the duct end are strongly enhanced for certain wall impedances.
Identification of Brassinosteroids with Epimerized Substituents and/or the 23-Oxo Group in Pollen and Anthers of Japanese Cedar. (1998)

Brassinosteroids in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were analyzed by GC-MS after being purified by reversed-phase HPLC. The occurrence of four stereoisomers of 23-dehydrobrassinolide, three stereoisomers of 28-homobrassinolide, and an isomer of homodolicholide was revealed. The stereochemical structures of these brassinosteroids remain undetermined. Among these, the 23-dehydrobrassinolide stereoisomers are the first brassinosteroids identified with an oxo group located at the C23 position. In addition, known brassinosteroids 3-dehydroteasterone, typhasterol and dolicholide were identified.
Determination of blood levels in the analytical laboratory (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of blood levels in the analytical laboratorySusan E. Stemporzewski , Richard A. Butler , and Eugene F. Barry Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 8, 516Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1976Published inissue 1 August 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p516RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (514 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cochlear potentials: A Status Report (1972)

A brief overview of sensory receptor processes is given, and cochlear potentials (cochlear microphonic and summating potentials) are discussed in this general context. The problem of the identification of the sources of potential components from gross recordings is stressed and examples relating to microphonic phase and amplitude are given. Some recent results on identifying the source and mechanism of microphonic production are mentioned, as are new evidence concerning the composition of the summating potential.
A phase II, multicenter, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with either chemotherapy (docetaxel or pemetrexed) or erlotinib hydrochloride compared with chemotherapy alone for treatment of recurrent or refractory non-small cell lung cancer (2006)

7062 Background: Bevacizumab is a recombinant, humanized anti-VEGF MAb. Erlotinib is a potent, reversible, highly selective and orally available EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. Both compounds have demonstrated a survival benefit in the treatment of NSCLC: bevacizumab when added to chemotherapy in the first line setting, and erlotinib when given alone in the 2nd/3rd line. In addition, a single arm phase I/II study of the combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib has shown encouraging survival and response rate data, with a favorable safety profile (Sandler et al, PASCO 2004). Methods: A multicenter, randomized phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the safety of combining bevacizumab with chemotherapy (docetaxel or pemetrexed), or with erlotinib; and to make a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of combining bevacizumab with chemotherapy or erlotinib relative to chemotherapy alone, as measured by progression-free survival. All patients had histologically confirmed non-squamous NSCLC and had experienced disease progression (clinical or radiological) during or following one platinum-based regimen for advanced stage disease. Randomization was on a 1:1:1 basis to docetaxel or pemetrexed plus placebo (arm 1) v docetaxel or pemetrexed plus bevacizumab (arm 2) v bevacizumab plus erlotinib (arm 3). Patients remained in the treatment phase of the study until documented radiographic or clinical disease progression or through 52 weeks of study treatment. Results: Between August 2004 and November 2005, 120 patients were randomized and treated. To date, there have been 68/85 required PFS events; arms 1 and 2 therefore remain blinded. Demographics from the first 85 patients for arms 1 &amp; 2 v 3 are as follows: median age 65 v 68;% male/female 64/36 v 44/56; ethnicity % white/black/asian/other 83/12/2/3 v 74/15/4/7; % ECOG PS 0/1/2 46/52/2 v 50/50/0; % adenocarcinoma/BAC&amp;BAC-like/Other 67/7/26 v 69/8/23; % current/previous/never-smoker 15/71/14 v 11/74/15. Conclusions: Efficacy and safety results will be presented at the meeting. [Table: see text]
A Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Compressed Air and Supercapacitors With Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking (MEPT) (2006)

In addition to the high-capacity storage facilities based on hydropower technologies, electrochemical solutions are today's candidate for storage for renewable energy sources support. However, sustainability and limited life cycles of batteries are often inhibiting factors. This paper presents a hybrid energy storage system with high life cycle, which is mainly based on compressed air, where the storage and discharge are done within maximum efficiency conditions. As the maximum efficiency conditions impose the level of converted power, an intermittent time-modulated operation mode is applied to the thermodynamic converter to obtain a variable converted mean power. A smoothly variable output power is achieved with the help of a supercapacitive auxiliary storage device used as a filter. This paper describes the concept of the system, the power-electronic interface circuits, and especially the maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) algorithm and the strategy used to vary the output power. In addition, this paper presents the characteristics of high-efficiency storage systems where the pneumatic machine is replaced by an oil-hydraulic and pneumatic converter, which is used under isothermal conditions. Practical results are also presented, which are recorded from a low-power pneumatic motor coupled to a small dc generator as well as from the first prototype of the final hydropneumatic system
Guidelines address screening, treatment of type 2 diabetes (2003)

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Dr. Kaufman



With the rise in childhood obesity and the “epidemic” of type 2 diabetes in children and youth, much is being written about the association between obesity and insulin resistance and the progression of this to pre-diabetes and diabetes.

A consensus statement
Age at onset variance analysis in spinocerebellar ataxias: A study in a Dutch–French cohort (2005)

In dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), the issue of whether non-CAG dependent factors contribute to onset age remains unsettled. Data on SCA genotype, onset age, normal/expanded CAG repeat length, sex of the patient and transmitting parent, and family details were available from 802 patients. Based on the model [log(10) (age at onset) = k - b CAG(exp) + epsilon], we examined changes in adjusted R(2) and residual standard error following incorporation of the other factors in this model. The expanded repeat explained 44.3 to 74.9% of onset age variance, although this was less than 50% in SCA3 and SCA6, implicating a large effect of non-CAG factors. The relation between onset age and CAG repeat was similar for SCA1, 3, 6, and 7, but different for SCA2, pointing to different polyglutamine effects in SCA2. For SCA2 and SCA3, 17.1 and 45.5% of onset age variance, respectively, were explained by currently (unidentified) familial factors. We found a significant contribution of the nonexpanded allele in SCA1 and SCA6. Besides polyglutamine motif (determined by the expanded CAG repeat length), we identified the following age at onset modifiers: protein context in SCA2; familial factors in SCA2 and SCA3; and the nonexpanded CAG repeat in SCA1 and SCA6.
Preparation of a clinically investigated ras farnesyl transferase inhibitor (2003)

Abstract The synthesis of ras farnesyl‐protein transferase inhibitor 1 is described on a multi‐kilogram scale. Retrosynthetic analysis reveals chloromethylimidazole 2 and a piperazinone 3 as viable precursors. The 1,5‐disubstituted imidazole system was regioselectively assembled via an improved Marckwald imidazole synthesis. A new imidazole dethionation procedure has been developed to convert the Marckwald mercaptoim‐idazole product to the desired imidazole. This methodology was found to be tolerant of a variety of functional groups providing good to excellent yields of 1,5‐disubstituted imidazoles. A new Mitsunobu cycliza‐tion strategy was developed to prepare the arylpiperazinone fragment 3 .
Finite-Difference and Edge Finite-Element Approaches for Dynamic Micromagnetic Modeling (2008)

This paper presents the comparison between two different numerical schemes for the analysis of switching phenomena in magnetic thin films. The first one is based on the finite-difference computation of the Landau-Lifshitz equation and on the magnetostatic field evaluation by fast Fourier transforms. The second one handles the spatial discretization of the Landau-Lifshitz equation by the edge finite-element method and solves the Poisson equation for the magnetostatic field with a hybrid finite element/boundary element technique.
Synthesizing prosody: a prominence-based approach (1996)

A method for generating acoustic prosody is presented that starts from a very simple symbolic input.We present evidence that prominence is a central factor influencing both perception and acoustic parameters.Results of statistical analysis of a large speech corpus are shown, these results have led to the development of a rule system that predicts fundamental frequency and syllable duration.Besides the prominence of syllables and boundaries, position, context and syllable structure are considered by these rules.Finally, the outcome of two evaluation experiments is presented.
On the Swerve Response of Projectiles to Control Input (2008)

Abstract : The swerve response of fin- and spin-stabilized projectiles to control mechanism input is sometimes not intuitive and often surprises smart weapon designers. This report seeks to explain the basic parameters that govern swerve of projectiles excited by control input. By modeling the overall effect of any control mechanism as a non-rolling reference frame force or moment applied to the projectile, we obtain general expressions for swerve in terms of basic vehicle parameters. These compact expressions are used to show that maximum swerve response for a fin-stabilized projectile is achieved when the force is applied near the nose of the projectile, while maximum swerve response for a spin-stabilized projectile is achieved when the force is applied near the base of the projectile.
Remote sensing image browse and archival systems (1996)

Abstract Considerable analog and digital remotely sensed imagery is in danger of being lost for future research if appropriate analog and digital methods of data archiving are not initiated. In addition, there should be some mechanism for accessing and viewing the archived information. This paper summarizes important issues that must be resolved when developing a remote sensing image browse and archival system, including: selection of the storage media having the greatest longevity and least cost, browse versus archive considerations, image scanning considerations, data compression logic, degree of image rectification required, and the design of the user interface including method of interaction (traditional versus hypertext) and methods of search (space‐dominant, time‐dominant and/or attribute‐dominant). An operational hypermedia browse and archival system demonstrates how these considerations might be addressed.
Second primary lung carcinoma. (1976)

Ffity-five patients suffering from second primary lung carcinoma, 10 synchronous and 45 after resection for lung carcinoma (metachronous), have been observed from 1400 resections. The first manifestation of a second carcinoma in this series has always been the appearance of a new shadow in the follow-up radiograph. In our experience, second primary lung carcinoma is a disease affecting only heavy cigarette smokers. Heavy cigarette smokers suffering from squamous-cell carcinoma are at special risk. The results of re-operation, the significance of the time interval between the original operation and the appearance of the second primary carcinoma, and the slow growth rate of some second primaries are briefly discussed. No clear-cut methods exist for distinguishing a second primary from a metastasis from the original carcinoma.
Current state of and need for enzyme engineering of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate aldolases and its impact (2021)

Deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolases (DERAs, EC 4.1.2.4) are acetaldehyde-dependent, Class I aldolases catalyzing in nature a reversible aldol reaction between an acetaldehyde donor (C2 compound) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate acceptor (C3 compound, C3P) to generate deoxyribose-5-phosphate (C5 compound, DR5P). DERA enzymes have been found to accept also other types of aldehydes as their donor, and in particular as acceptor molecules. Consequently, DERA enzymes can be applied in C-C bond formation reactions to produce novel compounds, thus offering a versatile biocatalytic alternative for synthesis. DERA enzymes, found in all kingdoms of life, share a common TIM barrel fold despite the low overall sequence identity. The catalytic mechanism is well-studied and involves formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. A number of protein engineering studies to optimize substrate specificity, enzyme efficiency, and stability of DERA aldolases have been published. These have employed various engineering strategies including structure-based design, directed evolution, and recently also machine learning-guided protein engineering. For application purposes, enzyme immobilization and usage of whole cell catalysis are preferred methods as they improve the overall performance of the biocatalytic processes, including often also the stability of the enzyme. Besides single-step enzymatic reactions, DERA aldolases have also been applied in multi-enzyme cascade reactions both in vitro and in vivo. The DERA-based applications range from synthesis of commodity chemicals and flavours to more complicated and high-value pharmaceutical compounds. KEY POINTS: • DERA aldolases are versatile biocatalysts able to make new C-C bonds. • Synthetic utility of DERAs has been improved by protein engineering approaches. • Computational methods are expected to speed up the future DERA engineering efforts.
Radon release from water distribution system deposits (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadon release from water distribution system depositsRichard L. Valentine and Scott W. StearnsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 3, 534–537Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00052a029https://doi.org/10.1021/es00052a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Singular Direction Avoidance Steering for Control-Moment Gyros (2000)

A new form of the equations of motion for a spacecraft with Single Gimbal Control Moment Gyros is developed using a momentum approach. This set of four vector equations describing the rotational motion of the system is of order 2N + 7 where N is the number of CMGs. The control input is an N x I column vector of torques applied to the gimbal axes. A modification to the singularity robust Lyapunov control law presented by Oh and Vadali is examined and compared to their control law. Specifically, the attempt to avoid singular gimbal configurations is abandoned in favor of simply avoiding movement in the singular direction. The singular value decomposition is used to compute a pseudoinverse which prevents large gimbal rate commands near or at actual singularities.
Origin and levels of circulating microparticles in normal pregnancy: A longitudinal observation in healthy women (2015)

MP levels gradually increase during normotensive pregnancy. All types of MP including TF+ present with the highest levels in the 3rd trimester. MP convey prothrombotic and proinflammatory antigens already from the first trimester of normal pregnancy. This may contribute to the global hypercoagulable state observed, particularly in the last months of pregnancy, also in healthy women.
Wideband, lowloss, low-cost, quasi-TEM metamaterial-based local waveguides in air gaps between parallel metal plates (2009)

The paper presents a new waveguide appearing in the air gap between two parallel metal plates. One of the plates has a metal texture, and confined local waves follow ridges in the texture whereas they are prohibited from propagating in other directions by metal pins in the texture. The pins (or bed of nails) provide a high impedance surface that creates a stop band when used together with a metal surface, i.e. a parallel plate cut-off. The principle performance of the ridge gap waveguide is explained by numerical simulations of the dispersion diagram, both to show the parallel plate cut-off generated by the pin surface, but also to see the quasi-TEM wave propagating along the ridge. The performance is validated by numerical simulations and experimentally of a ridge gap waveguide with two 90 deg bends, including transitions to coaxial connectors. The ridge gap waveguide has a large potential for use up to THz because it can be realized without conducting joints between metal parts, and it lends itself to co-design and integration with active components.
Defective NF-kappaB Activation in Response to LPS in Type 1 Diabetes Dendritic Cells (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) are the potent antigen presenting cells which modulate T cell responses to self or non-self antigens. DC play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, inflammation and infection, but also in the maintenance of tolerance. NF-kappaB, particularly RelB is a crucial pathway for myeloid DC differentiation and functional maturation. While the current paradigm is that mature, nuclear RelB+ DC prime T cells for immunity/autoimmunity and immature DC for tolerance, RelB-deficient mice paradoxically develop generalised systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with myelopoiesis and splenomegaly. Previous studies suggested abnormal DC differentiation in healthy relatives of type 1 diabetes (t1dm) patients. Therefore, we compared NF- kB activation in monocyte-derived DC from t1dm and non-t1dm controls in response to LPS. While resting DC appeared normal, DC from 6 out of 7 t1dm patients but no t2dm or rheumatoid arthritis patients failed to translocate NF- kB subunits to the nucleus in response to LPS, along with a failure to up-regulate expression of cell surface CD40 and MHC class I. NF- kB subunit mRNA increased normally in t1dm DC after LPS. Both the classical or non-canonical NF- kB pathways were affected as both TNF-a and CD40 stimulation led to a similarly abnormal NF- kB response. In contrast, expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was intact. These abnormalities in NF- kB activation appear to be generally and specifically applicable at a post-translational level in t1dm, and have the capacity to profoundly influence immunoregulation in affected individuals.
The redox potential of the primary quinone QA of bacterial photosynthesis is independent of the divalent metal ion (1988)

The function of the ferrous ion which links the primary and secondary quinone electron acceptors, Q A and Q B , via histidine ligands from the reaction center protein of the photosynthetic bacterium Rbodobacter sphaeroids (Y) has been investigated by substitution with Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II), using biosynthetic incorporation of the metal ion. The midpoint potential and pH dependence for reduction of Q A in chromatophore membranes were found to be indistinguishable for all four divalent ions, and in agreement with earlier results on the R26 and Ga strains of R. sphaeroides containing only iron. We therefore conclude that the divalent ion contributes no functionally significant covalent coupling to the primary acceptor and that these metals have no differential electrostatic influence. Furthermore, inhibition of photoreduction of Q B by the herbicide ametryne was found to be the same for all four samples. Thus, these four divalent ions exhibit no differential influence on the binding properties of this herbicide in the Q B site.