gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage (2008)

We examined the preventive activity of naturally occurring antioxidants against three reactive oxygen species using a protein degradation assay. The hydroxyl, hypochlorite, and peroxynitrite radicals are typical reactive oxygen species generated in human body. Previously, we found that hydrophobic botanical antioxidants exhibited specific antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals, whereas anserine and carnosine mixture, purified from chicken extract and vitamin C, exhibited antioxidant activities against hypochlorite and peroxynitrite radicals respectively. Since ethanol, used as a solvent in the experiments, also showed an antioxidant action against the hydroxyl radical, we re-assessed antioxidant activities using aqueous solutions of botanical antioxidants. Among the seven hydrophobic antioxidants examined, ferulic acid exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity against the hydroxyl radical. An antioxidant preparation of anserine-carnosine mixture, vitamin C, and ferulic acid prevented oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species. Loss of deformability in human erythrocytes and protein degradation caused by reactive oxygen species were completely inhibited.
Mercury Information Clearinghouse (2006)

The Canadian Electricity Association (CEA) identified a need and contracted the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) to create and maintain an information clearinghouse on global research and development activities related to mercury emissions from coal-fired electric utilities. With the support of CEA, the Center for Air Toxic Metals{reg_sign} (CATM{reg_sign}) Affiliates, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the EERC developed comprehensive quarterly information updates that provide a detailed assessment of developments in the various areas of mercury monitoring, control, policy, and research. A total of eight topical reports were completed and are summarized and updated in this final CEA quarterly report. The original quarterly reports can be viewed at the CEA Web site (www.ceamercuryprogram.ca). In addition to a comprehensive update of previous mercury-related topics, a review of results from the CEA Mercury Program is provided. Members of Canada's coal-fired electricity generation sector (ATCO Power, EPCOR, Manitoba Hydro, New Brunswick Power, Nova Scotia Power Inc., Ontario Power Generation, SaskPower, and TransAlta) and CEA, have compiled an extensive database of information from stack-, coal-, and ash-sampling activities. Data from this effort are also available at the CEA Web site and have provided critical information for establishing and reviewing a mercury standard for Canada that is protective of environment and public health and is cost-effective. Specific goals outlined for the CEA mercury program included the following: (1) Improve emission inventories and develop management options through an intensive 2-year coal-, ash-, and stack-sampling program; (2) Promote effective stack testing through the development of guidance material and the support of on-site training on the Ontario Hydro method for employees, government representatives, and contractors on an as-needed basis; (3) Strengthen laboratory analytical capabilities through analysis and quality assurance programs; and (4) Create and maintain an information clearinghouse to ensure that all parties can keep informed on global mercury research and development activities.
Cardiomyocyte-specific Bcl-2 overexpression attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury, immune response during acute rejection, and graft coronary artery disease (2004)

After cardiac transplantation, graft damage occurs secondary to ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection. This damage ultimately leads to the development of graft coronary artery disease (GCAD), which limits long-term graft survival. Apoptosis is directly involved in graft injury, contributing to the development of GCAD. To assess the role of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 in the process of GCAD, we transplanted hearts from FVB transgenic mice overexpressing human Bcl-2 under the control of alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter into allogenic C57BL/6 mice. Bcl-2 overexpression led to reduced cytochrome c-mediated caspase-9-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis and local inflammation (neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production) in cardiac allografts during ischemia-reperfusion injury and also led to reduced immune responses (inflammatory cell infiltration, production of T(H)1 cytokines and chemokines, and expression of adhesion molecules) during acute and chronic rejection without affecting host CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell responses in the spleen. Thus, local Bcl-2 expression directly contributes to the modulation of local immune responses in allograft rejection, resulting in attenuated GCAD. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the modulation of Bcl-2 expression by pharmacologic up-regulation or gene transfer may be of clinical benefit in the short- and long-term function of cardiac allografts.
Determining Heats of Combustion of Gaseous Hydrocarbons (1987)

Enrichment-oxygen flow rate-ratio related to heat of combustion. Technique developed for determining heats of combustion of natural-gas samples. Based on measuring ratio m/n, where m is (volmetric) flow rate of oxygen required to enrich carrier air in which test gas flowing at rate n is burned, such that mole fraction of oxygen in combustion-product gases equals that in carrier air. The m/n ratio directly related to heats of combustion of saturated hydrocarbons present in natural gas.
A Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis, MYC2, Acts as a Repressor of Blue Light–Mediated Photomorphogenic Growth (2005)

The crosstalk of light signaling pathways with other signaling cascades has just started to be revealed. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a Z-box binding factor (ZBF1) in light signaling pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana ZBF1 encodes AtMYC2/JIN1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which has recently been shown to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonate-ethylene signaling pathways. We demonstrate that AtMYC2 interacts with the Z- and G-box light-responsive elements of minimal light-regulated promoters. AtMYC2 is expressed in various light-grown seedlings, including in red, far red, and blue light. Genetic analyses suggest that AtMYC2 acts as a negative regulator of blue light-mediated photomorphogenic growth and blue and far-red-light-regulated gene expression; however, it functions as a positive regulator of lateral root formation. Our results further demonstrate that atmyc2 mutants have compromised sensitivity to ABA- and JA-mediated responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AtMYC2 is a common transcription factor of light, ABA, and JA signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Bis(methylenecyclopropane) with Cyclic and Acyclic Dienophiles. (2015)

Abstract The cycloaddition reactions are performed under conventional heating conditions or microwave irradiation to form cyclopentane derivatives.
Rapid and quantitative detection of homologous and non-homologous recombination events using three oligonucleotide MLPA (2005)

Embryonic stem (ES) cell technology allows modification of the mouse germline from large deletions and insertions to single nucleotide substitutions by homologous recombination. Identification of these rare events demands an accurate and fast detection method. Current methods for detection rely on Southern blotting and/or conventional PCR. Both the techniques have major drawbacks, Southern blotting is time-consuming and PCR can generate false positives. As an alternative, we here demonstrate a novel approach of Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) as a quick, quantitative and reliable method for the detection of homologous, non-homologous and incomplete recombination events in ES cell clones. We have adapted MLPA to detect homologous recombinants in ES cell clones targeted with two different constructs: one introduces a single nucleotide change in the PCNA gene and the other allows for a conditional inactivation of the wild-type PCNA allele. By using MLPA probes consisting of three oligonucleotides we were able to simultaneously detect and quantify both wild-type and mutant alleles.
Requirements on Worm Mitigation Technologies in MANETS (2005)

This study presents an analysis of the impact of mitigation on computer worm propagation in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETS). According to the recent DARPA BAA - defense against cyber attacks on MANETS (A.K. Ghosh 2004), "one of the most severe cyber threats is expected to be worms with arbitrary payload that can infect and saturate MANET-based networks on the order of seconds". Critical to the design of effective worm counter measures in MANET environments is an understanding of the propagation mechanisms and the performance of the mitigation technologies. This work aims to advance the security of these critical systems through increased knowledge of propagation mechanisms, performance and the effect of mitigation technologies. We present both analytic and simulation analysis of mitigation effectiveness. The ultimate goal of these studies is to develop an accurate set of performance requirements on mitigation techniques to minimize worm propagation in tactical, battlefield MANETS.
Analysis of Sequences in Aggressive Interactions of Pigs for the Development of an Automatic Aggression Monitoring and Control System (2012)

M. Oczak, A.M. Costa, G. Ismailova, L. T. Sonoda, M. Fels, J. Hartung, M. Guarino, S. Viazzi, D. Berckmans, E. Vranken M3-BIORES: Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; stefano.viazzi@biw.kuleuven.be, daniel.berckmans@biw.kuleuven.be, erik.vranken@biw.kuleuven.be Fancom Research, Fancom, Panningen, The Netherlands; moczak@fancom.com, evranken@.fancom.com Department of Veterinary Science and Technologies for Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Milan, Italy; annamaria.costa@unimi.it, gunel.ismayilova@unimi.it, marcella.guarino@unimi.it Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; liliasonoda@hotmail.com, michaela.fels@tiho-hannove.de, joerg.hartung@tiho-hannover.de
Erratum for Sivan et al., “Identification of Restriction Factors by Human Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screening of Viral Host Range Mutants Exemplified by Discovery of SAMD9 and WDR6 as Inhibitors of the Vaccinia Virus K1L − C7L − Mutant” (2017)

Volume 6, no 4, e01122-15, 2016, [https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01122-15][1]. In the Results section (PDF page 3), we mistakenly duplicated the DAPI panel of siSAMD9\_1 in siSAMD9\_3 in Fig. 1C. The incorrect panel has now been replaced with the correct one. The error has no impact on any of the
Detection of the nondefoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae in infected olive plants by nested PCR (2001)

An increasing incidence and distribution of verticillium wilt has occurred in the last few years in newly established olive orchards in southern Spain. This spread of the disease may result from use of Verticillium dahliae ‐infected planting material. The early in planta detection of the pathogen would aid the implementation of certification schemes for pathogen‐free planting material. In this work, a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the in planta detection of the nondefoliating (ND) V. dahliae pathotype, aimed especially at nursery‐produced olive plants. For this purpose, specific primers were designed from the sequence of a 1958‐bp random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker of ND V. dahliae , and a procedure for the extraction of PCR‐quality total genomic DNA from infected root and stem tissues of young olive plants was tested and further optimized. Nested PCR assays detected ND V. dahliae in 4‐ to 14‐month‐old artificially infected plants of three olive cultivars. The ND‐specific PCR product was not amplified from total genomic DNA extracted from olive plants infected with the defoliating V. dahliae pathotype. Detection of the ND pathotype was effective from the very earliest moments following artificial inoculation of olive plants with a V. dahliae conidial suspension. Also, detection was achieved in inoculated, though symptomless, olive plants as well as in plants that were symptomatic but became symptomless by 217 days after inoculation.
Case study comparison of linear H<inf>∞</inf> loop-shaping design and signal-based H<inf>∞</inf> control (2009)

This paper focuses on the design of a linear robust controller for a mechatronic system in the presence of real parametric and non-parametric frequency-dependent uncertainties. An H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</inf> loop-shaping control design procedure is compared with a signal-based H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</inf> control. The comparison of the robust controllers is carried out in the context of an active magnetic bearing rotor system. Experimental results demonstrate the better robust stability of the signal-based approach. A genetic algorithm is essential to credible comparison of different design approaches.
Anti-Idiotype Antibodies Prevent Antibody Binding to Mouse Sperm and Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of Fertilization1 (1989)

Antibodies to components of sperm can interfere with sperm function and prevent fertilization by blocking specific steps of gamete interaction. It can be proposed that anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-Ids) that recognize determinants located close to or within the antigen-binding site of an anti-sperm antibody could block antibody binding to sperm antigen and antibody-mediated inhibition of fertilization. To test this hypothesis, rabbit polyclonal antibodies to idiotypic determinants of the monoclonal anti-sperm antibody M42.15 were developed and characterized. Previous studies demonstrated that M42.15 monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibits fertilization in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting sperm-zona pellucida interaction. Anti-idiotype antibodies to M42.15 mAb (anti-Id M42) were isolated by affinity chromatography on immobilized M42.15 mAb. Binding specificity of anti-Id M42.15 was demonstrated in a solid-phase radioimmune binding assay and by specific immunoprecipitation of soluble M42.15 mAb. Anti-Id M42 competitively inhibited M42.15 mAb, but not P220.2 mAb, binding to mouse sperm, confirming that the anti-Id preparation contained antibodies directed against idiotopes within or adjacent to the antigen-binding site of the mAb. At equimolar concentrations, anti-Id M42 inhibited binding of 125I-labeled M42.15 mAb to sperm by greater than 80%. These results showed that anti-Id M42 efficiently blocked antibody binding to sperm and suggested that anti-Id M42 could be used to neutralize the anti-fertility activity of the M42.15 mAb. When tested in in vitro fertilization assays, anti-Id M42, but not rabbit immunoglobulin, prevented M42.15 mAb-induced inhibition of fertilization. Together, these results show that the inhibitory activity of anti-sperm antibodies capable of interfering with gamete interaction can be neutralized by anti-Id that recognize determinants close to the antigen-combining site of the anti-sperm antibody.
DNA priming and recombinant pox virus boosters for an AIDS vaccine. (2000)

Eight different protocols for immunization have been compared for the ability to raise protection against immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus macaques. The most promising containment of challenge infections was achieved by intradermal DNA priming followed by recombinant fowl pox virus booster immunizations. This containment did not require neutralizing antibody and was active for a series of challenges ending with a highly virulent virus with a primary isolate envelope heterologous to the immunizing strain.
Attentive Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Diacritic Restoration of Yor\`ub\'a Language Text. (2018)

Yor\`ub\'a is a widely spoken West African language with a writing system rich in tonal and orthographic diacritics. With very few exceptions, diacritics are omitted from electronic texts, due to limited device and application support. Diacritics provide morphological information, are crucial for lexical disambiguation, pronunciation and are vital for any Yor\`ub\'a text-to-speech (TTS), automatic speech recognition (ASR) and natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Reframing Automatic Diacritic Restoration (ADR) as a machine translation task, we experiment with two different attentive Sequence-to-Sequence neural models to process undiacritized text. On our evaluation dataset, this approach produces diacritization error rates of less than 5%. We have released pre-trained models, datasets and source-code as an open-source project to advance efforts on Yor\`ub\'a language technology.
Technology policy staff in R and D management to overcome increased complexities and speed in information industries-a policy science approach (2003)

In order to cope with the rapidly changing interplay between technology and the market in the information industries, particularly in industrial R&D activities, a persistent and goal-clarifying interplay among the participants for the purposes of problem anticipation, mobilization of motives and knowledge, and fast, realistic actions must be led by policy scientists (technology policy staff) as a policy process. This paper shows, based on the author's own experiments, that with emerging digital media-enabled innovations, H.D. Lasswell's (1971) concept of policy science and its process can be applied to the problem of technology innovation, if a behavioral sciences viewpoint on technology policy staff is taken into consideration appropriately in terms of structure and power. The results of a couple of experiments in real-world problems were quite appreciable, and the consequence is emerging discussions for more general adoption of technology policy staff.
Feed-forward active contour analysis for improved brachial artery reactivity testing (2016)

The object of this study was to utilize a novel feed-forward active contour (FFAC) algorithm to find a reproducible technique for analysis of brachial artery reactivity. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is an important marker of vascular endothelial function but has not been adopted for widespread clinical use given its technical limitations, including inter-observer variability and differences in technique across clinical sites. We developed a novel FFAC algorithm with the goal of validating a more reliable standard. Forty-six healthy volunteers underwent FMD measurement according to the standard technique. Ultrasound videos lasting 5-10 seconds each were obtained pre-cuff inflation and at minutes 1 through 5 post-cuff deflation in longitudinal and transverse views. Automated segmentation using the FFAC algorithm with initial boundary definition from three different observers was used to analyze the images to measure diameter/cross-sectional area over the cardiac cycle. The %FMD was calculated for average, minimum, and maximum diameters/areas. Using the FFAC algorithm, the population-specific coefficient of variation (CV) at end-diastole was 3.24% for transverse compared to 9.96% for longitudinal measurements; the subject-specific CV was 15.03% compared to 57.41%, respectively. For longitudinal measurements made via the conventional method, the population-specific CV was 4.77% and subject-specific CV was 117.79%. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for transverse measurements was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98) compared to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) for longitudinal measurements with FFAC and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.51-0.84) for conventional measurements. In conclusion, transverse views using the novel FFAC method provide less inter-observer variability than traditional longitudinal views. Improved reproducibility may allow adoption of FMD testing in a clinical setting. The FFAC algorithm is a robust technique that should be evaluated further for its ability to replace the more limited conventional technique for measurement of FMD.
EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL ANGLE OF GYRATION OF SUPERPAVE GYRATORY COMPACTORS IN ALABAMA (2003)

The application of a compaction effort that will produce similar densities from one Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) to another is crucial in proper design, production control, and acceptance of hot mix asphalt mixes. Currently, in Alabama, differences in air voids for the average of 3 compacted samples of up to 0.8% may be expected between samples compacted in different brands of SGCs. The difference could be as high as 2.3% air voids between any 2 compactors. It is expected that these differences are typical of variations between SGCs across the U.S. The angle of gyration is an important factor affecting the compaction effort. With this in mind, this study evaluated the relationship between the internal angle of gyration measured by the Dynamic Angle Validation Kit vs. the resulting compacted sample density for a wide range of SGCs. Based on data collected, there is a definite trend between internal angle of gyration and SGC type; the implications of this finding for Superpave mix design are discussed in detail.
Objective Tests for Forward Looking Pedestrian Crash Avoidance/Mitigation Systems (2014)

This report documents the work completed by the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) Crash Imminent Braking (CIB) Consortium during the project titled “Objective Tests for Forward Looking Pedestrian Crash Avoidance/Mitigation Systems.” Participating companies in the CIB Consortium were Continental, Delphi Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors, and Mercedes-Benz. The purpose of the project was to attempt to define minimum performance requirements and objective test procedures for pedestrian crash avoidance and mitigations systems. Two types of tests were examined in this study. Functional tests evaluate the intended performance of pedestrian crash avoidance/mitigation (PCAM) systems in their ability to avoid or mitigate a potential pedestrian crash. Operational tests assess the propensity of a PCAM system to trigger false (unintentional) activations where no system activation is desired. Based on data obtained during test track and on-road testing, test procedures were recommended for both types of tests.
N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-nitrobenzamide (2007)

In the title compound, C13H9ClN2O3, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 82.71 (6)°. The nitro group is twisted by 40.6 (2)° from the plane of its attached benzene ring. The packing is stabilized by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond.