gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary sandalwood seed oil modifies fatty acid composition of mouse adipose tissue, brain, and liver (1997)

Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) seed oil, which occurs to about 50% of the weight of the seed kernels, contains 30-35% of total fatty acids (FA) as ximenynic acid (XMYA). This study was designed to obtain basic information on changes in tissue FA composition and on the metabolic fate of XMYA in mice fed a sandalwood seed oil (SWSO)-enriched diet. Female mice were randomly divided into three groups, each receiving different semisynthetic diets containing 5.2% (w/w) fat (standard laboratory diet), 15% canola oil, or 15% SWSO for 8 wk. The effects of SWSO as a dietary fat on the FA composition of adipose tissue, brain, and liver lipids were determined by analyses of FA methyl ester derivatives of extracted total lipid. The FA compositions of the liver and adipose tissue were markedly altered by the dietary fats, and mice fed on a SWSO-enriched diet were found to contain XMYA but only in low concentration (0.3-3%) in these tissues; XMYA was not detected in brain. Oleic acid was suggested to be a principal XMYA biotransformation product. The results were interpreted to suggest that the metabolism of XMYA may involve both biohydrogenation and oxidation reactions.
On communication over unknown sparse frequency-selective block-fading channels (2011)

The problem of reliable communication over unknown frequency-selective block-fading channels with sparse impulse responses is considered. In particular, discrete-time impulse responses with block-fading interval N, length L <; N, and exactly S ≤ L non-zero coefficients are considered, where both the locations and values of non-zero coefficients change independently across blocks and are apriori unknown. Assuming that the non-zero coefficients and noise are both Gaussian, it is first shown that the ergodic noncoherent channel capacity has pre-log factor 1 - S over N for any L. Then, a pilot-aided transmission (PAT) scheme and noncoherent decoder are proposed which are capable of communicating with arbitrarily small error probability using only S pilots per fading block. Furthermore, the achievable rate of this scheme is shown to have the optimal pre-log factor, i.e., 1 - S/N. Finally, a lower complexity PAT scheme is proposed, whose ε-achievable rate has the pre-log factor 1 - S+1/N for any ε >; 0. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
PGE1analog alprostadil induces VEGF and eNOS expression in endothelial cells (2005)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), VEGF, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) are important regulators of endothelial function, which plays a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). PGE1 analog treatment in patients with HF elicits beneficial hemodynamic effects, but the precise mechanisms have not been investigated. We have investigated the effects of the PGE1 analog alprostadil on eNOS, VEGF, and HIF-1alpha expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using RT-PCR and immunoblotting under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, we studied protein expression by immunohistochemical staining in explanted hearts from patients with end-stage HF, treated or untreated with systemic alprostadil. Alprostadil causes an upregulation of eNOS and VEGF protein and mRNA expression in HUVEC and decreases HIF-1alpha. Hypoxia potently increased eNOS, VEGF, and HIF-1alpha synthesis. The alprostadil-induced upregulation of eNOS and VEGF was prevented by inhibition of MAPKs with PD-98056 or U-0126. Consistently, the expression of eNOS and VEGF was increased, and HIF-1alpha was reduced in failing hearts treated with alprostadil. The potent effects of alprostadil on endothelial VEGF and eNOS synthesis may be useful for patients with HF where endothelial dysfunction is involved in the disease process.
The cis-acting signals that target proteins to exosomes and microvesicles (2013)

Proteins bud from cells in small single-membraned vesicles (~50-250 nm) that have the same topology as the cell. Known variously as exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs), these extracellular organelles are enriched for specific proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. EMV biogenesis plays critical roles in protein quality control and cell polarity, and, once released, EMVs can transmit signals and molecules to neighbouring cells via a non-viral pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic. In the present paper, we discuss the cis-acting targeting signals that target proteins to EMVs and mediate protein budding from the cell.
Rare incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and other sarcoma patients (pts) receiving imatinib mesylate (IM) therapy (2007)

10026 Background: Potential IM cardiotoxicity has not been evaluated in patients with GIST or other sarcomas. CHF has been reported in leukemia pts on IM. Objectives: To determine the incidence of CHF in GIST and other sarcoma pts receiving IM. Methods: From our clinical trial database we reviewed all Grade III/IV potential cardiac adverse events (PCAEs) including dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion, chest pain, edema, pleural effusion, ascites, cardiac ischemia, and arrhythmia. Results: 219 pts were enrolled on clinical trials with IM from Dec 27, 2000 to May 11, 2006. 18 pts (8.22%) were identified as having PCAEs. The median age was 65.5 yrs (range, 21 to 88 yrs) and 7 were women. Their diagnoses were advanced GIST (13 of 125 pts, 10.40 %), primary GIST (4 of 48 pts, 8.33 %), or osteosarcoma (1 of 46 sarcoma pts, 2.17%). The osteosarcoma pt had received prior anthracycline therapy. The median time from start of IM to a PCAE was 173.5 days (11 to 1,568 days). IM dose at the time of the PCAE was 400 mg/d in 10 pts, 600 mg/d in 4 pts, and 800 mg/d in 4 pts. 13 pts had a past medical history of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) or established heart disease: diabetes (4 pts, 22.22%), hypertension (9 pts, 50%), CAD (2 pts, 11.11%), hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (1 pt, 5.56%), peripheral vascular disease (2 pts, 11.11%), hyperlipidemia (3 pts, 16.67%) or arrhythmia (1 pts, 5.56%). None of these patients had evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion by chest film. 8 pts had an ECHO or MUGA scan at the time of the PCAE, and 1 of them had documented low ejection fraction; in only 2 of these 8 pts was there an ECHO prior to IM (LVEF &gt;50% in both). The single pt with LVEF&lt;50% at the time of the PCAE had prior a history of hypertension, multi-vessel CAD and coronary artery bypass grafting 12 years prior to the PCAE. All of the pts continued IM therapy with dose adjustments and toxicity-specific management with no further complications. Conclusions: Pts who develop PCAEs on IM should be treated with diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, and beta-blockers with continuation of IM as clinically indicated. CHF in sarcoma patients treated with IM is rare and was observed in only one elderly patient with known prior cardiac disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PLLay: Efficient Topological Layer based on Persistent Landscapes (2020)

We propose PLLay, a novel topological layer for general deep learning models based on persistence landscapes, in which we can efficiently exploit the underlying topological features of the input data structure. In this work, we show differentiability with respect to layer inputs, for a general persistent homology with arbitrary filtration. Thus, our proposed layer can be placed anywhere in the network and feed critical information on the topological features of input data into subsequent layers to improve the learnability of the networks toward a given task. A task-optimal structure of PLLay is learned during training via backpropagation, without requiring any input featurization or data preprocessing. We provide a novel adaptation for the DTM function-based filtration, and show that the proposed layer is robust against noise and outliers through a stability analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by classification experiments on various datasets.
Enabling Low Cost UHF RFID Transfer Tattoo Tags by Inkjet Printing Means (2012)

In this paper we demonstrate the use of inkjet printing as a facile digital fabrication tool for the cost effective manufacture of radio frequency (RF) features on low-cost flexible and porous substrates. The design presented in this work is a thin, substrate tolerant UHF RFID tag that can be mounted directly onto the skin surface in the form of a transfer patch in much the same way that a temporary tattoo could be applied.
New Frontiers in Biomedical Engineering LARGE-SCALE SIMULATION OF THE HUMAN ARTERIAL TREE (2009)

1. Full-scale simulations of the virtual physiological human (VPH) will require significant advances in modelling, multiscale mathematics, scientific computing and further advances in medical imaging. Herein, we review some of the main issues that need to be resolved in order to make three-dimensional (3D) simulations of blood flow in the human arterial tree feasible in the near future. 2. A straightforward approach is computationally prohibitive even on the emerging petaflop supercomputers, so a three-level hierarchical approach based on vessel size is required, consisting of: (i) a macrovascular network (MaN); (ii) a mesovascular network (MeN); and (iii) a microvascular network (MiN). We present recent simulations of MaN obtained by solving the 3D Navier–Stokes equations on arterial networks with tens of arteries and bifurcations and accounting for the neglected dynamics through proper boundary conditions. 3. A multiscale simulation coupling MaN–MeN–MiN and running on hundreds of thousands of processors on petaflop computers will require no more than a few CPU hours per car-diac cycle within the next 5 years. The rapidly growing capacity of supercomputing centres opens up the possibility of simulation studies of cardiovascular diseases, drug delivery, perfusion in the brain and other pathologies. Key words: bioflows, computational fluid dynamics, medical imaging, multiscale modelling.
Caliceal Diverticula in Children: Natural History and Management (2009)

Caliceal diverticula in children are rare. Most caliceal diverticula remain stable and asymptomatic but approximately 20% may have symptomatic enlargement that may warrant surgical management. Given the morbidity associated with caliceal diverticula and concomitant vesicoureteral reflux, evaluation for ipsilateral reflux is mandatory. Overall approximately 43% of children with caliceal diverticula require surgical intervention, and various treatment options are available.
Apotopes and the biliary specificity of primary biliary cirrhosis† (2009)

Our data indicate that the tissue (cholangiocyte) specificity of the autoimmune injury in PBC is a consequence of the unique characteristics of HIBECs during apoptosis and can be explained by exposure to the immune system of intact immunoreactive PDC-E2 within apoptotic blebs.
Portable surface stress biosensor test system based on ZigBee technology for health care (2015)

The paper presents a portable surface stress biosensor test system based on ZigBee technology for health care, which consists of a biosensor chip and an electronic test platform. The biosensor chip is a micro-scale and label-free polydimethylsiloxane micromembrane capacitive surface stress sensor. This chip consists of two micromembranes, in which one acts as the active unit and the other as reference. The signal difference of active and reference is acquired with the aid of capacitive detection circuit, which has high signal-to-noise ratio and speedy electrical readout. The electronic test platform is designed based on ZigBee technology to realize the accurate detection of small capacitance and the wireless signal transmission. The capacitive resolution of the system is 0.1 fF (femtofarad). The capacitance measured by the system is diminished and exaggerated with the increase and decrease of ethanol volume, which is corresponding to the capacitive formula. The haemoglobin test results from the system are consistent with the theoretical analysis and the test results from Agilent B1500A, which demonstrates that the system can be considered as a measurer of haemoglobin for clinical applications. The experiments also illustrate that the biosensor test system has good stability and multiplicity.
Keeping pace with the creation of new malicious PDF files using an active-learning based detection framework (2016)

Attackers increasingly take advantage of naive users who tend to treat non-executable files casually, as if they are benign. Such users often open non-executable files although they can conceal and perform malicious operations. Existing defensive solutions currently used by organizations prevent executable files from entering organizational networks via web browsers or email messages. Therefore, recent advanced persistent threat attacks tend to leverage non-executable files such as portable document format (PDF) documents which are used daily by organizations. Machine Learning (ML) methods have recently been applied to detect malicious PDF files, however these techniques lack an essential element—they cannot be efficiently updated daily. In this study we present an active learning (AL) based framework, specifically designed to efficiently assist anti-virus vendors focus their analytical efforts aimed at acquiring novel malicious content. This focus is accomplished by identifying and acquiring both new PDF files that are most likely malicious and informative benign PDF documents. These files are used for retraining and enhancing the knowledge stores of both the detection model and anti-virus. We propose two AL based methods: exploitation and combination. Our methods are evaluated and compared to existing AL method (SVM-margin) and to random sampling for 10 days, and results indicate that on the last day of the experiment, combination outperformed all of the other methods, enriching the signature repository of the anti-virus with almost seven times more new malicious PDF files, while each day improving the detection model’s capabilities further. At the same time, it dramatically reduces security experts’ efforts by 75 %. Despite this significant reduction, results also indicate that our framework better detects new malicious PDF files than leading anti-virus tools commonly used by organizations for protection against malicious PDF files.
The reaction of adolescent boys and girls to the divorce of their parents (1977)

Abstract This study sought to determine in what ways, if any, the reactions of adolescents boys to the divorce of their parents differed from the reactions of adolescent girls. Second, it examined which reactions to the divorce were most common among middle class, white adolescent children. A 99‐item questionnaire was used to tap these reactions. The results suggested no difference in reaction between boys and girls in this sample. In addition, a review of the items suggested the sample as a whole did not react to the divorce in a particularly negative fashion. While they would rather their parents had resolved their marital difficulties in another way, on the whole they reported that their parents’ decision was probably a sensible thing. The subjects tended to see themselves as having to mature faster and as having to assume greater responsibilities as a result of parental divorce but did not feel they were adversely affected in peer relationships, or in their school or community activities.
Modelling and model based compensation of non-ideal characteristics of two-level voltage source inverters for drive control application (2011)

In order to be able to optimize the performance of sophisticated model based AC machine control, precise models of the overall drive system are needed. This way compensation schemes for non-ideal characteristics can be derived based on the model inversion technique. Power electronic converters show the following non-ideal effects which have to be considered: turn-on delay time of the gate drive to prevent dc-link short-circuiting, non-ideal switching characteristics and forward voltages of the power electronic devices. In this paper models for these disturbances are derived and the respective compensation schemes are deduced. In constrast to conventional approaches for converter linearization, an analytic compensation law which allows considering different forward voltage-current characteristics of the diode and transistor is proposed. The effectiveness of this method is proven by means of experimental results.
Laboratory evaluation of In-Furnace-NO /SUB x/ -Reduction for industrial combustion applications (1984)

The applicability and effectiveness of the InFurnace-NO /SUB x/ -Reduction (reburning) process in controlling nitrogen oxides (NO /SUB x/ ) emissions from refinery process heaters and cement kilns were studied in a natural gas-fired 38 kW (130,000 Btu/hr) subscale process heater simulator and a natural gas/coal-fired 50 kW (170,000 Btu/hr) subscale cement kiln simulator. Test results showed that 50 to 70 percent reductions in stack NO /SUB x/ emissions can be readily achieved by reburning under the ''conventional'' reburning mode (conventional air staging plus fuel injection between the main burner and the staging air injection point), and close similarity between conventional reburning and air staging was observed. It was also observed that conventional reburning was superior to air staging only when the reburn zone stoichiometries were fuel-lean. For fuel-rich reburn zone stoichiometries, conventional reburning can only be as effective as air staging in reducing NO /SUB x/ emissions, but not better. It should also be noted that there are many firing arrangements that can be categorized under the heading of ''reburning,'' and the full potential of reburning in reducing NO /SUB x/ may not be realized until firing arrangements other than conventional reburning are extensively explored. One of these tested,more » ''biased firing,'' was capable of reducing process heater simulator stack NO /SUB x/ from unstaged baseline by greater than 90 percent which is far superior to both air staging and conventional reburning.« less
Genetics, novel weapons and rhizospheric microcosmal signaling in the invasion ofPhragmites australis (2008)

Chemical communication and perception strategies between plants are highly sophisticated but are only partly understood. Among the different interactions, the suppressive interaction of a class of chemicals released by one plant through root exudates against the neighbouring plants (allelopathy) have been implicated in the invasiveness of many exotic weedy species. Phragmites australis (common reed) is one of the dominant colonizers of the North American wetland marshes and exhibits invasive behavior by virtually replacing the entire native vegetation in its niche. Recently, by adopting a systematic bioassay driven approach we elucidated the role of root derived allelopathy as one of the important mechanisms by which P. australis exerts its invasive behavior. Additionally, our recent preliminary data indicates the involvement of rhizobacterial signaling in the invasive success of P. australis. A better understanding of biochemical weaponry used by P. australis will aid scientists and technologists in addressing the impact of root secretions in invasiveness of weedy species and thus promote a more informed environmental stewardship.
A New Code Pattern of Triple Harmonic Method for Precise In-Situ FH Measurement in Perpendicular Recording (2011)

The thermal flying height (FH) control technology had been applied to adjust FH in hard disk drive (HDD) during read/write processes. The readback signal-based in-situ FH testing technology is the feasible way to monitor and control the FH of heads in HDD. For perpendicular recording, the soft magnetic underlayer has the effects on readback signal and change the Wallace equation into a hyperbolic formula with no explicit solution to the spacing change versus the signal amplitude. Fortunately, the hyperbolic formula can be reduced to the traditional Wallace spacing loss equation at short wavelength. In the actual application, there is a need to compare the FH change or modulation at different disk locations and the harmonic ratio method is preferred to cancel media magnetic fluctuations and a certain level of off-track. This work proposed a new code pattern (11110000) to generate three major harmonic signals: the first, the third, and the fourth harmonics. With zero of the second harmonic signal, the harmonic energies are able to concentrate to the third and the fourth harmonics with strong signal intensity. The most important feature is that both the third and the fourth harmonics can meet the short wavelength requirement with enough signal intensity. This allows the new triple harmonic method to measure FH by the ratio of the fourth over the third harmonics. With the both harmonics in the range of short wavelength, it guarantees the accuracy of FH measurement during the touchdown process.
Donor Milk: What's in It and What's Not (2001)

Breastfeeding and human milk are widely recognized as optimal for human infants. However, if donor milk is used when mother's own milk is not available, some questions arise concerning the effects of storage, handling, and heat processing on the unique components of human milk. Holder pasteurization (62.5 degrees C for 30 minutes) of banked human milk is the method of choice to eliminate potential viral contaminants such as human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphoma virus, and cytomegalovirus, as well as tuberculosis and other bacterial contaminants, while maintaining the greatest possible complement of its unique bioactive factors. This article reviews some of the critical components of human milk and what is currently known about the effects of Holder pasteurization on their biological activity.
The Human Rad51 K133A Mutant Is Functional for DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Cells (2007)

The human Rad51 protein requires ATP for the catalysis of DNA strand exchange, as do all Rad51 and RecA-like recombinases. However, understanding the specific mechanistic requirements for ATP binding and hydrolysis has been complicated by the fact that ATP appears to have distinctly different effects on the functional properties of human Rad51 versus yeast Rad51 and bacterial RecA. Here we use RNAi methods to test the function of two ATP binding site mutants, K133R and K133A, in human cells. Unexpectedly, we find that the K133A mutant is functional for repair of DNA double-strand breaks when endogenous Rad51 is depleted. We also find that the K133A protein maintains wild-type-like DNA binding activity and interactions with Brca2 and Xrcc3, properties that undoubtedly promote its DNA repair capability in the cell-based assay used here. Although a Lys to Ala substitution in the Walker A motif is commonly assumed to prevent ATP binding, we show that the K133A protein binds ATP, but with an affinity approximately 100-fold lower than that of wild-type Rad51. Our data suggest that ATP binding and release without hydrolysis by the K133A protein act as a mechanistic surrogate in a catalytic process that applies to all RecA-like recombinases. ATP binding promotes assembly and stabilization of a catalytically active nucleoprotein filament, while ATP hydrolysis promotes filament disassembly and release from DNA.