gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, Bone Mineral Density, and Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Mexican–American Women (1997)

Common polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been shown to correlate with bone mineral density (BMD). However, attempts to replicate the original findings in other populations have yielded variable results. These disparities may reflect ethnic or environmental differences in the expression of the VDR effect upon BMD. We examined a relatively ethnically homogeneous group of 103 healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women of Mexican descent living in Northern California. We determined the VDR genotype and measured the BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, as well as several biochemical indices of mineral metabolism. The prevalence of the BB genotype, associated in previous studies with the lowest BMD, was 8% and highly linked to the tt genotype. Absolute and age-adjusted BMD at both hip and spine showed a trend toward lower BMD in the BB, AA, and tt genotypes, but this trend did not achieve statistical significance. There were no consistent intergroup differences in change in BMD over 2 years of follow-up, nor in mean serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin, or total urinary pyridinolines. Intact parathyroid hormone concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with the AA genotype, with a trend toward higher values in those with the BB and tt genotypes as well. Our data suggest that there may be a decrease in BMD associated with the B, A, and t alleles, but the intergroup difference in BMD is 0.2-0.5 standard deviations (SD) at the lumbar spine and 0.3 SD at the femoral neck, decreases that are smaller than previously reported. Given the relatively low prevalence of the BB/tt genotype in Mexican-American Caucasians, a larger sample would be required to detect a significant association between VDR alleles and differences in BMD of the magnitude suggested by our data. We conclude that a genotype effect of this magnitude, if present, would be clinically relevant, but the impact on BMD is too small to detect with statistical significance in a study of this size.
kangaroo, a Mobile Element From Volvox carteri, Is a Member of a Newly Recognized Third Class of Retrotransposons (2002)

Retrotransposons play an important role in the evolution of genomic structure and function. Here we report on the characterization of a novel retrotransposon called kangaroo from the multicellular green alga, Volvox carteri. kangaroo elements are highly mobile and their expression is developmentally regulated. They probably integrate via double-stranded, closed-circle DNA intermediates through the action of an encoded recombinase related to the lambda-site-specific integrase. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that kangaroo elements are closely related to other unorthodox retrotransposons including PAT (from a nematode), DIRS-1 (from Dictyostelium), and DrDIRS1 (from zebrafish). PAT and kangaroo both contain split direct repeat (SDR) termini, and here we show that DIRS-1 and DrDIRS1 elements contain terminal features structurally related to SDRs. Thus, these mobile elements appear to define a third class of retrotransposons (the DIRS1 group) that are unified by common structural features, genes, and integration mechanisms, all of which differ from those of LTR and conventional non-LTR retrotransposons.
Observation of Tunable Optical Parametric Fluorescence (1967)

Optical fluorescence, thermally tunable over significant portion of visible and near IR SPECTRUM, from phase-matched parametric system
Polarimetric detection in high‐performance liquid chromatography (1989)

Chiroptical detection for HPLC is particularly useful as a selective detection method for chiral molecules, and in enantiomeric purity determination with partial chiral separation or without chiral separation. The recent development of laser-based polarimeters with microdegree sensitivity has increased the applicability of optical rotation detection in HPLC. The detection limit of these instruments is submicrogram on-column for many chiral compounds in analytical HPLC. A variety of applications of the selective detection of optically active molecules are reviewed. The use of polarimetric detection with partial chiral separation is considered, both as an aid to method development and for enantiomeric purity determination. Finally applications to enantiomeric purity determination without chiral separation are reviewed, with the dual use of nonchirally selective and chiroptical detectors to determine the total amount and optical purity of the analyte. Determinations of chiral purity for samples of high enantiomeric excess are described, which with laser-based instrumentation may give accuracies of better than +/- 1% with sample loadings of 50 micrograms on an achiral column. Applications to the study of enantioselective reactions are also considered, with determination of enantiomeric excess in near-racemates to better than +/- 0.1%.
Impact of Doppler guidewire size and flow rates on intravascular velocity profiles (1998)

Coronary blood flow velocity measurements by conventional intravascular catheter-based Doppler devices are well known to be affected by catheter size. Moreover, it is of clinical importance that the assessment of maximum vasodilator capacity, i.e., the coronary reserve, might be considerably affected by a shape change of the velocity profile under hyperemia. Therefore, the present in vitro study aimed to assess the impact of a small-size Doppler guidewire on the velocity profiles interrogated in tubes with diameters corresponding to the epicardial coronary arteries at clinically relevant flow rates. A 0.014" guidewire was inserted into four serially connected silicone tubes of known diameter, which were perfused with discarded human whole blood by means of a roller pump. In order to determine the effect of the Doppler guidewire on the velocity profile antegrade and retrograde perfusion were carried out in each vessel segment. Vm, the true mean velocity, was calculated from the time collected flow divided by the corresponding vessel cross-sectional area. Average peak velocity (APV) measurements were obtained by pulling back the Doppler device across each of the four vessel segments with given flow rates ranging from 1.14-5.88 ml/s in antegrade and retrograde direction. The shape factor of the recorded velocity profile (fp) is defined as vm/APV and is generally assumed to be close to 0.5. Antegrade perfusion: APV = 1.63 vm + 5.35 (R2 = 0.98); fp = 0.001 vm + 0.51. Retrograde perfusion: APV = 1.71 vm + 3.33 (R2 = 0.98); fp = 0.001 vm + 0.52. Due to the constant relationship between APV and vm, velocity profiles within vessels of epicardial coronary artery size are not substantially disturbed by the presence of the Doppler guidewire. The slight, but significant increase of experimental fp with increasing flow is at variance with the theoretically expected fp values.
Comparison of the characteristics of three broadside modes of the rectangular patch antenna (1990)

A detailed comparison of three broadside modes (TM10, TM01, TM03) of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna with regard to directivity, gain and band width is presented. Their dependences on the aspect ratio are delineated. Results are also given showing the variation of the input resistances at resonance as a function of frequency.
The meniscus: review of basic principles with application to surgery and rehabilitation. (2001)

Accelerated joint mobility and weight-bearing components of rehabilitation protocols represent the confidence placed in innovative surgical fixation methods. After wound healing, an aquatic therapy environment may be ideal during all phases of rehabilitation after meniscal surgery (regardless of the exact procedure), providing the advantages of controlled weight bearing and mobility progressions. Well-designed, controlled, longitudinal outcome studies for patients who have undergone meniscectomy, meniscal repair, or meniscal reconstruction are lacking.
Photoreversible patterning of hydrogel biomaterials with site-specifically-modified proteins (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
New developments in an old strategy: heterologous vector primes and envelope protein boosts in HIV vaccine design (2016)

Prime/boost vaccination strategies for HIV/SIV vaccine development have been used since the early 1990s and have become an established method for eliciting cell and antibody mediated immunity. Here we focus on induction of protective antibodies, both broadly neutralizing and non-neutralizing, with the viral envelope being the key target antigen. Prime/boost approaches are complicated by the diversity of autologous and heterologous priming vectors, and by various forms of envelope booster immunogens, many still in development as structural studies aim to design stable constructs with exposure of critical epitopes for protective antibody elicitation. This review discusses individual vaccine components, reviews recent prime/boost strategies and their outcomes, and highlights complicating factors arising as greater knowledge concerning induction of adaptive, protective immunity is acquired.
HEp-2 cell image classification method based on very deep convolutional networks with small datasets (2017)

Human Epithelial-2 (HEp-2) cell images staining patterns classification have been widely used to identify autoimmune diseases by the anti-Nuclear antibodies (ANA) test in the Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) protocol. Because manual test is time consuming, subjective and labor intensive, image-based Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for HEp-2 cell classification are developing. However, methods proposed recently are mostly manual features extraction with low accuracy. Besides, the scale of available benchmark datasets is small, which does not exactly suitable for using deep learning methods. This issue will influence the accuracy of cell classification directly even after data augmentation. To address these issues, this paper presents a high accuracy automatic HEp-2 cell classification method with small datasets, by utilizing very deep convolutional networks (VGGNet). Specifically, the proposed method consists of three main phases, namely image preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Moreover, an improved VGGNet is presented to address the challenges of small-scale datasets. Experimental results over two benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance in terms of accuracy compared with existing methods.
Experimental investigation of power output characteristics of RF excited all metal slab waveguide CO 2 lasers (2005)

In this paper, we have presented a new type of RF excited diffusively cooled all-metal slab waveguide CO<sub>2</sub> laser. In this laser structure, the four side walls of the slab waveguide are all made of aluminum alloy instead of ceramic and metal sandwich waveguide structure in the past technique. In our approach, a low cost of slab waveguide CO<sub>2</sub> laser can be achieved. By using the technique in this paper, over 100 watts of laser power has been achieved from a laser head with dimension of 150mm height, 150mm width and 450mm length, which has the slab waveguide gas discharge region of 2mm height, 20mm width and 386mm length. The electro-optic conversion efficiency is over 12%. In our experiment, a gas mixture of CO<sub>2</sub>: N<sub>2</sub>: He: Xe =1: 1: 3: 0.26 has been employed, and the gas pressure is in the range from 6.5 Kpa to 13.5 Kpa. The frequency of the RF power is 91.5 MHz, and the RF power is in the range from 500watts to 1000watts.
A new active array module for spatial power combiners and active antennas (1995)

We present the design and performance of a new module of spatial power combiners, which consists of four symmetrical slot coupled patch radiators and four MESFET negative resistance elements, based on a single active antenna design. These circuits are suitable for use in millimeter-wave systems as well as at microwave frequencies. Tests carried out with a prototype circuit showed a radiated power of 20.44 mW with about 16% DC-to-RF efficiency at 8.7 GHz. Feed networks for linear polarization and circular polarization are discussed. Design procedures for dual-frequency application are also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of Ankle Ligaments on Tibial Rotation: An In Vitro Study (1996)

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the ankle ligaments in controlling the tibial rotation for different foot positions. A 6 degrees of freedom device was constructed for in vitro simulation of this movement transfer during the support phase of gait. Tibia rotation angle was measured for different foot positions and vertical loads, while the ligament integrity was modified. Data were collected from eight legs of four different cadavers. The results showed that vertical loading is unimportant to influence tibial rotation, while the lateral ankle ligaments have significant influence, especially during eversion. It was concluded that chronic partial or total lateral ankle instability may contribute to knee and foot injuries through abnormal tibial rotation.
Layout rule trends and effect upon CPU design (2006)

The trends in layout rules and the affect these rules have upon design are described. The slow improvement in resolution has created a need for litho-friendly design. The problems caused by LFD and the increase in number and complexity of rules are shown. Issues in implementing LFD are discussed.
Selective Reduction of Aromatic Alkynes Catalyzed by Palladium with Formic Acid as the Hydride Source (2021)

Background: Transfer hydrogenation methods that employ non-H 2 hydrogen sources have evolved as an attractive alternative for conventional hydrogenation approaches. Objective: In this study, we aimed at developing optimized conditions to induce the selective transfer hydrogenation reduction of aromatic alkynes catalyzed by PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and using formic acid as the hydride source. Methods: The effect of various reaction parameters, such as the nature and amount of the catalyst, the H-donor/base couple, reaction time and temperature, and the nature of the solvent on the outcome of the alkyne reduction were investigated. Results: The reduction of the alkyne can be chemoselectively controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions. Among the tested catalysts, PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 was the most suitable, with 2% of the catalyst being the optimal amount. While the reduction was successful in different solvents of different polarities, THF was selected as the solvent of choice. The reduction of diphenylacetylene yielded the alkene both at 50°C and 80°C. When testing the optimized conditions on the reduction of 4- phenyl-3-butyne-2-one, quantitative partial reduction to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone was obtained at 50°C, while the saturated ketone was produced as the major product at 80°C. Conclusion: The chemoselective reduction of aromatic alkynes was performed successfully with complete conversion using 2% PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 as a catalyst, formic acid/NEt 3 as the H-donor/base couple, THF as the solvent, at 50°C and 80°C.
Elimination of a Bud Union Abnormality of Sweet Orange Grafted on Rough Lemon by Shoot-tip Grafting in vitro (1993)

A bud union abnormality of several old line sweet orange varieties grafted on rough lemon rootstock was observed for the first time in Spain in container-grown plants. Shoot-tip grafting in vitro was carried out on these varieties as part of the standard procedure in the Spanish Citrus Variety Improvement Program. Ten propagations from a micrografted source of Cadenera punchosa sweet orange on rough lemon growing in containers under outdoor conditions were found free of symptoms after 6 yr. Ten similar propagations graft-inoculated with the parent source and ten propagations made directly from the parent showed the bud union abnormality after 6 yr. These results indicate that the bud union abnormality observed in several varieties was produced by a graft-transmissible agent and that it could be eliminated by shoot-tip grafting in vitro.
Reaction rate of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide: assessing antioxidant capacity of pyruvate under biological conditions (2019)

Pyruvate, a pivotal glucose metabolite, is an α-ketoacid that reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Its pharmacological precursor, ethyl pyruvate, has shown anti-inflammatory/anti-tissue injury effects in various animal models of disease, but failed in a multicenter clinical trial. Since rodents, but not humans, can convert ethyl pyruvate to pyruvate in blood plasma, this additional source of extracellular pyruvate may have contributed to the discrepancy between the species. To examine this possibility, we investigated the kinetics of the reaction under biological conditions and determined the second order rate constant k as 2.360 ± 0.198 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. We then calculated the time required for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> elimination by pyruvate. The results show that, with an average intracellular concentration of pyruvate (150 µM), elimination of 95% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at normal to pathological concentrations (0.01-50 µM) requires 141-185 min (2.4-3 hour). With 1,000 µM pyruvate, a concentration that can only exist extracellularly or in cell culture media, 95% elimination of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at 5-200 µM requires 21-25 min. We conclude that intracellular pyruvate, or other α-ketoacids, whose endogenous concentration is controlled by metabolism, have little role in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> clearance. An increased extracellular concentration of pyruvate, however, does have remarkable peroxide scavenging effects, considering minimal peroxidase activity in this space.
Intra-individual reproducibility as essential determinant of clinical utility of smartphone-based neurological disability tests (2021)

Abstract Technological advances, lack of medical professionals, high cost of face-to face encounters and disasters such as COVID19 pandemic, fuel the telemedicine revolution. Numerous smartphone apps have been developed to measure neurological functions. However, their psychometric properties are seldom determined. Lacking such data, it is unclear which designs underlie’ eventual clinical utility of the smartphone tests. We have developed the smartphone Neu rological Fun ction T ests S uite (NeuFun-TS) and are systematically evaluating their psychometric properties against the gold-standard of complete neurological examination digitalized into NeurEx TM App. This paper examines the fifth, and thus far the most complex NeuFun-TS test, the “Spiral tracing”. We generated 40 features in the training cohort (22 healthy donors [HD] and 105 multiple sclerosis [MS] patients) and compared their intraclass correlation coefficient, fold-change between HD and MS and correlations with relevant clinical and imaging outcomes. We assembled the best features into machine-learning models and examined their performance in the independent validation cohort (56 MS patients). We show that by aggregating multiple neurological functions, complex tests such as spiral tracing are susceptible to intra-individual variations, decreasing their reproducibility and thus, clinical utility. Simple tests, reproducibly measuring single function(s) that can be aggregated to increase sensitivity are preferable in app design.
Optimal mapping of systolic algorithms by regular instruction shifts (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of determining efficient mappings of systems of affine recurrence equations into regular arrays, in a nearly space-optimal fashion. A new nonlinear allocation technique is presented: the Instruction Shift. It allows to synthesize planar regular arrays without increasing the initial linear schedule. This technique is illustrated with the LL/sup t/ Cholesky factorization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CircRNA circ-OGDH (hsa_circ_0003340) Acts as a ceRNA to Regulate Glutamine Metabolism and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by the miR-615-5p/PDX1 Axis (2021)

Circ-OGDH sponged miR-615-5p to elevate PDX1 expression, thus elevating glutamine metabolism and promoting tumor growth in ESCC. The study offered evidence to support circ-OGDH as a promising target for ESCC therapy.
A terahertz microfluidic chip for ultra-trace measurement of solution (2018)

We developed a terahertz microfluidic chip with a few arrays of split ring resonators. The obtained resonance spectrum shows the high-sensitive frequency shift to detect femtomol of solutes in sub nanoliter of solution.
Optimum Principle for Traffic and Transportation Networks: Minimum Probability of Congestion (2012)

This paper discusses an optimum principle for traffic and transportation networks with road bottlenecks that was recently introduced by the author. This network breakdown minimization (BM) principle states that the network optimum is reached, when dynamic traffic optimization and/or control are performed in the network in such a way that the probability for spontaneous occurrence of traffic breakdown in at one of the network bottlenecks during a given observation time reaches the minimum possible value; this is equivalent to the maximization of the probability that traffic breakdown occurs at none of the network bottlenecks. It is stressed that the BM principle is applicable for the optimization, control, and management of any kind of traffic and transportation networks like freeway networks, city networks, urban networks, and any their combinations. A comparison of the BM principle with the well-known Wardrop's principles as well as with other classical fundamentals and methodologies of traffic and transportation theory is made.
Bcl‐2 Inhibits Calcineurin‐mediated Fas Ligand Expression in Antitumor Drug‐treated Baby Hamster Kidney Cells (2000)

It is well known that human leukemia cells, such as HL-60 and U937 are sensitive to antitumor drugs, but human normal lung fibroblasts, such as WI-38 cells are resistant to the drugs. However, the mechanisms of the different responses to apoptosis in these cell lines remain unclear. We report here that an increase of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression was required for antitumor drug-induced apoptosis in WI-38 and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, but not in HL-60 cells. Then, we used BHK cells transfected with the bcl-2 gene to investigate the involvement of complex formation of Bcl-2 and calcineurin. Calcineurin was imported to the nucleus in response to the drug treatment. Overexpression of Bcl-2 and cyclosporin A treatment inhibited the nuclear import and FasL expression, and as a result, both inhibited apoptosis. Although a caspase inhibitor, z-Asp-CH2-DCB, suppressed the drug-induced apoptosis, it failed to inhibit the drug-induced expression of Fas and FasL. These findings suggest that initially the Fas / FasL system is activated by calcineurin-dependent transcription followed by activation of the downstream caspase cascade resulting in antitumor drug-induced apoptosis in BHK cells, but not in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, Bcl-2 inhibits the nuclear import of calcineurin and suppresses calcineurin-mediated FasL expression during antitumor drug-induced apoptosis.