gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Deep Analysis of Lithium Metal Anodes for Rechargeable Batteries (2020)

The commercial use of lithium metal batteries was delayed because of dendrite formation on the surface of the lithium electrode, and the difficulty finding a suitable electrolyte that has both the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity required for solid electrolytes. Recently, strategies have developed to overcome these difficulties, so that these batteries are currently an option for different applications, including electric cars. Deep analysis of lithium metal by XPS, In situ SEM, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy will be showed. In this work, we review these strategies, and discuss the different routes that are promising for progress in the near future.
Mucus Properties and Goblet Cell Quantification in Mouse, Rat and Human Ileal Peyer's Patches (2013)

Peyer's patches (PPs) are collections of lymphoid follicles in the small intestine, responsible for scanning the intestinal content for foreign antigens such as soluble molecules, particulate matter as well as intact bacteria and viruses. The immune cells of the patch are separated from the intestinal lumen by a single layer of epithelial cells, the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). This epithelium covers the dome of the follicle and contains enterocyte-like cells and M cells, which are particularly specialized in taking up antigens from the gut. However, the presence and number of goblet cells as well as the presence of mucus on top of the FAE is controversial. When mouse ileal PPs were mounted in a horizontal Ussing-type chamber, we could observe a continuous mucus layer at mounting and new, easily removable mucus was released from the villi on the patch upon stimulation. Confocal imaging using fluorescent beads revealed a penetrable mucus layer covering the domes. Furthermore, immunostaining of FAE from mice, rats and humans with a specific antibody against the main component of intestinal mucus, the MUC2 mucin, clearly identify mucin-containing goblet cells. Transmission electron micrographs further support the identification of mucus releasing goblet cells on the domes of PPs in these species.
Artificial Chemical Reporter Targeting Strategy Using Bioorthogonal Click Reaction for Improving Active-Targeting Efficiency of Tumor (2017)

Biological ligands such as aptamer, antibody, glucose, and peptide have been widely used to bind specific surface molecules or receptors in tumor cells or subcellular structures to improve tumor-targeting efficiency of nanoparticles. However, this active-targeting strategy has limitations for tumor targeting due to inter- and intraheterogeneity of tumors. In this study, we demonstrated an alternative active-targeting strategy using metabolic engineering and bioorthogonal click reaction to improve tumor-targeting efficiency of nanoparticles. We observed that azide-containing chemical reporters were successfully generated onto surface glycans of various tumor cells such as lung cancer (A549), brain cancer (U87), and breast cancer (BT-474, MDA-MB231, MCF-7) via metabolic engineering in vitro. In addition, we compared tumor targeting of artificial azide reporter with bicyclononyne (BCN)-conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles (BCN-CNPs) and integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> with cyclic RGD-conjugated CNPs (cRGD-CNPs) in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence intensity of azide-reporter-targeted BCN-CNPs in tumor tissues was 1.6-fold higher and with a more uniform distribution compared to that of cRGD-CNPs. Moreover, even in the isolated heterogeneous U87 cells, BCN-CNPs could bind artificial azide reporters on tumor cells more uniformly (∼92.9%) compared to cRGD-CNPs. Therefore, the artificial azide-reporter-targeting strategy can be utilized for targeting heterogeneous tumor cells via bioorthogonal click reaction and may provide an alternative method of tumor targeting for further investigation in cancer therapy.
Breast Cancers Activate Stromal Fibroblast-Induced Suppression of Progenitors in Adjacent Normal Tissue (2017)

Human breast cancer cells are known to activate adjacent "normal-like" cells to enhance their own growth, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We now show by both phenotypic and functional measurements that normal human mammary progenitor cells are significantly under-represented in the mammary epithelium of patients' tumor-adjacent tissue (TAT). Interestingly, fibroblasts isolated from TAT samples showed a reduced ability to support normal EGF-stimulated mammary progenitor cell proliferation in vitro via their increased secretion of transforming growth factor β. In contrast, TAT fibroblasts promoted the proliferation of human breast cancer cells when these were co-transplanted in immunodeficient mice. The discovery of a common stromal cell-mediated mechanism that has opposing growth-suppressive and promoting effects on normal and malignant human breast cells and also extends well beyond currently examined surgical margins has important implications for disease recurrence and its prevention.
Analysis and Characterization of Device Variations in an LSI Chip Using an Integrated Device Matrix Array (2004)

For future large-scale integration design technology, the device matrix array (DMA), which precisely evaluates within-die variation in device parameters, has been developed. The DMA consists of a 14-by-14 array of common units. The unit size is 240 by 240 /spl mu/m, and each unit contains 148 measurement elements (52 transistors, 30 capacitors, 51 resistors, and 15 ring oscillators). The element selection and precise measurement are achieved with low parasitic resistance measurement buses and leakage-controlled switching circuits, which allow the measurement accuracy for a transistor, resistor, or capacitor of 90 pA, 11 m/spl Omega/, and 23 aF, respectively, in the 3/spl sigma/ range. The ability to obtain 29 008 samples from a chip enables statistical analysis of the variation in 148 elements of each chip with 240-/spl mu/m spatial resolution. This high resolution and large sample number allows us to precisely decompose the data into systematic and random variation parts with newly developed fourth-order polynomial fitting. Our methodology has been verified using a test chip fabricated by a 130-nm CMOS process with a 100-nm physical gate length and five Cu interconnect layers. In MOSFETs, the random part was dominant and indicated a certain /spl sigma/ value in every chip. In the case of the interconnect layers, the random and systematic parts of the resistance and the capacitance indicated variance fluctuations. By chip, by item, by size, by structure, random or systematic, the /spl sigma/ values of each variation show inconsistency which we believe is attributable to the Cu process. The correlation coefficients of systematic part between device element and ring oscillator frequency shown very high value (0.87-0.98), and those of a random part were low enough (-0.10-0.22) to prove the accuracy of decomposition.
Fabrication of nanodamascene metallic single electron transistors with atomic layer deposition of tunnel barrier (2015)

The fabrication is reported of nanodamascene metallic single electron transistors that take advantage of unique properties of chemical mechanical polishing and atomic layer deposition. Chemical mechanical polishing provides a path for tuning the dimensions of tunnel junctions by adjusting the polish time, surpassing the limits imposed by electron beam lithography and lift-off, while atomic layer deposition provides precise control over the thickness of the tunnel barrier and significantly increases the choices for barrier materials. Single-electron transistor operation of a prototype device was successfully demonstrated at T &amp;lt; 1 K.
Assigning and Enforcing Security Policies on Handheld Devices (2002)

The proliferation of mobile handheld devices, such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) andtablet computers, within the workplace is expanding rapidly. While providing productivity benefits, theability of these devices to store and transmit corporate information through both wired and wirelessnetworks poses potential risks to an organization’s security. This paper describes an approach to assigningand enforcing an organization’s security policy on handheld devices. The approach relies on the deviceholding a valid policy certificate, obtained through synchronization with a user’s desktop computer,organizational server, or other means, before conducting any security-sensitive operations. The paperdescribes a proof-of-concept implementation of the policy certificate issuing tool, policy specificationlanguage, certificate representation, and enforcement mechanisms that were used to demonstrate thisapproach, and discusses the associated benefits and drawbacks
Dual energy computed tomography: simulated monoenergetic and material-selective imaging. (1986)

A dual beam-quality technique was used to reduce the beam hardening artifact in CT and to obtain separate images of osseous and soft-tissue structures in phantom and clinical CT studies. Recordings were made with pulsed low and high kVp spectra with the Somatom DR2. Conventional polyenergetic and simulated monoenergetic images were reconstructed from the measurements. In the monoenergetic images the beam hardening artifacts were 60-90% lower than in the high kVp polyenergetic images whereas the noise was of the same order of magnitude in the two types. Noise in the monoenergetic images was lowest around 70-80 keV both in body and skull examinations although the contrast in the monoenergetic image was rather independent of energy.
Ergogenic Effect of Acupuncture in Sport and Exercise: A Brief Review (2010)

Acupuncture is one of the most popular alternative methods applied in Western medical practice. In addition to its curative properties in various chronic conditions, demonstrated by the number of clinical trials, acupuncture has been recently applied as an enhancer of sports performance. Reviewed studies of published literature on the use of acupuncture in resistance and endurance sports activities demonstrated the association of traditional acupuncture protocol with increase of muscular strength and power. In cases regarding endurance activities, acupuncture treatment improved hemodynamic parameters of participants but not their aerobic performance. Further methodologically strong studies with inclusion of both biomedical and traditional Chinese theories are needed to assess the usefulness of acupuncture in enhancement of sports performance.
On the Fine-grained Complexity of One-Dimensional Dynamic Programming (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the complexity of one-dimensional dynamic programming, or more specifically, of the Least-Weight Subsequence (LWS) problem: Given a sequence of $n$ data items together with weights for every pair of the items, the task is to determine a subsequence $S$ minimizing the total weight of the pairs adjacent in $S$. A large number of natural problems can be formulated as LWS problems, yielding obvious $O(n^2)$-time solutions. In many interesting instances, the $O(n^2)$-many weights can be succinctly represented. Yet except for near-linear time algorithms for some specific special cases, little is known about when an LWS instantiation admits a subquadratic-time algorithm and when it does not. In particular, no lower bounds for LWS instantiations have been known before. In an attempt to remedy this situation, we provide a general approach to study the fine-grained complexity of succinct instantiations of the LWS problem. In particular, given an LWS instantiation we identify a highly parallel core problem that is subquadratically equivalent. This provides either an explanation for the apparent hardness of the problem or an avenue to find improved algorithms as the case may be. More specifically, we prove subquadratic equivalences between the following pairs (an LWS instantiation and the corresponding core problem) of problems: a low-rank version of LWS and minimum inner product, finding the longest chain of nested boxes and vector domination, and a coin change problem which is closely related to the knapsack problem and (min,+)-convolution. Using these equivalences and known SETH-hardness results for some of the core problems, we deduce tight conditional lower bounds for the corresponding LWS instantiations. We also establish the (min,+)-convolution-hardness of the knapsack problem.
Approaches to evaluation (1998)

Abstract This paper offers some informal thoughts about audit and research studies in a psychotherapy or counselling context, drawing on the author's background in a difficult area of evaluation: the outcomes of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Reasons for therapists' difficulties with the idea of evaluation studies are considered, and possible designs for feasible research projects are briefly discussed. Examples of different strategies within one area are given, to illustrate the way in which different approaches can be patched together to yield important findings, and to overcome the limitations of any one approach. the place of audit in relation to research is also briefly discussed.
High-throughput glycomics: Optimization of sample preparation (2015)

Glycosylation affects structure, folding, and function of numerous proteins. Aberrant glycosylation has been shown to be associated with different diseases. A wide range of analytical methods is available for glycan analysis of antibodies (mainly IgG), but analysis of plasma glycans is less established due to additional challenges encountered with higher complexity of the sample. Here we describe development and optimization of a high-throughput sample preparation method for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plasma N-glycans. Clean-up of labeled glycans was found to be the largest source of variation, and we tested cellulose, silica gel, Bio-Gel, and hydrophilic GHP filter as stationary phases for solid-phase extraction. All stationary phases were shown to be suitable for purification of labeled glycans, but GHP filter plate in combination with cold 96% acetonitrile had the highest reproducibility and was easiest to work with. The method was further optimized with Plackett-Burman screening design and validated in terms of analysis of major step variation and between-day and between-person variation. The developed method is fast, cost-effective, and easy to perform, and it has very good reproducibility during long period of time, enabling the detection of biological variability of the plasma N-glycome.
Lipoprotein lipase mutations and Alzheimer's disease (1999)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) helps transfer lipids from lipoprotein particles to cells. In the brain, LPL is present in Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid plaques. LPL binds apolipoprotein E (ApoE) lipoprotein particles and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), an ApoE receptor. Since polymorphisms in both ApoE and LRP influence AD risk, we sought to determine whether LPL mutations also affect AD risk. In a case-control study, the frequencies of two of the most common known LPL mutations were measured in European-Americans either clinically diagnosed or pathologically confirmed as AD or normal control (N) subjects. In clinically diagnosed subjects, the Ser447Ter mutation comprised 9.8% (62/630) of alleles in N and 3.8% (9/238) in AD, a significant difference (P = 0.0057), while the Asn291Ser mutation comprised 1.1% (5/460) of alleles in N and 5.1% (8/158) in AD, also a significant difference (P = 0.0073), though in pathologically confirmed subjects the allele frequencies for AD did not significantly differ from N for either mutation. In clinically diagnosed subjects, LPL mutations were associated with altered AD risk, suggesting a potential role for LPL in the causation of AD. Further studies in different populations should help clarify the questions raised by these results. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:136–139, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Generalized Model for Infrared Perception from an Engine Exhaust (2002)

A comprehensive scheme has been developed for the prediction of radiation from engine exhaust and its incidence on an arbitrarily located sensor. Existing codes have been modified for the simulation of flows inside nozzles and jets. A novel view factor computation scheme has been applied for the determination of the radiosities of the discrete panels of a diffuse and gray nozzle surface. The narrowband model has been used to model the radiation from the gas inside the nozzle and the nonhomogeneous jet. The gas radiation from the nozzle inclusive of nozzle surface radiosities have been used as boundary conditions on the jet radiation. Geometric modeling techniques have been developed to identify and isolate nozzle surface panels and gas columns of the nozzle and jet to determine the radiation signals incident on the sensor. The scheme has been validated for intensity and heat flux predictions, and some useful results of practical importance have been generated to establish its viability for infrared signature analysis of jets.
A risk score for identifying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients presenting to the hospital with pneumonia (2013)

MRSA represents a cause of pneumonia presenting to the hospital. This simple risk score identifies patients at low risk for MRSA and in whom anti-MRSA therapy might be withheld.
Automating Energy Demand Modeling and Forecasting Using Smart Meter Data (2019)

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology with a variety of smart devices, communication networks, and software systems for data processing is critical for optimizing Smart Grid operations. While energy demand forecasting is an integral part of Smart Grid management, there is no a general forecasting method which works best across different situations and scenarios. In this paper, we design, build, and compare three forecasting methods to show how these approaches can be trained on time-series data with limited intervention from users, i.e., enabling automated model selection. Using smart meters measurements collected from 114 residential apartments over two years, and weather information for the same period, we build the following three models: (i) a piecewise linear regression model, (ii) the univariate seasonal ARIMA model, and (iii) the novel multivariate LSTM model (a special form of Recurrent Neural Network). While the designed linear regression model could be used for longer-term planning, the constructed LSTM model significantly improves the accuracy of short term (24 hours) demand prediction compared to both the linear regression and ARIMA models. However, training LSTM and modeling with ARIMA require higher computing resources and longer runtimes (45 min and 125 min respectively) compared to 2 min for building and predicting with linear regression model. Therefore, the automated best model selection can be driven by the user-defined metrics of interest, such as model accuracy, required computing resources, model usability, and model construction/execution time.
Tissue typing in support of unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (2003)

The success of unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies has closely paralleled development of robust typing methods for comprehensive and precise donor-recipient matching. The application of molecular methods in clinical research has led to a more complete understanding of the immunogenetic barriers involving host-vs-graft (HVG) and graft-vs-host (GVH) reactions. Along with the development of less toxic transplant regimens, advances in the prevention and treatment of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and in the supportive care of the transplant recipient, improved HLA matching of potential unrelated donors has led to clinical results that begin to compare favorably with that of HLA-identical sibling transplants.
Xoft Axxent electronic brachytherapy™ (2008)

Balloon-based brachytherapy was developed to render accelerated partial-breast irradiation more accessible to breast cancer patients. Xoft Axxent electronic brachytherapy™ (eBX) is a novel method of accelerated partial-breast irradiation that utilizes an electronic source to produce x-rays. eBX does not require a high dose rate afterloader unit or a shielded vault and, thus, may appeal to a larger number of patients undergoing the accelerated partial-breast irradiation procedure. eBX is associated with a lower radiation dose to normal tissues and larger ‘hot spots’ than treatment with the MammoSite® device. Additional applications are also being developed for eBX, including endometrial cancer treatment.
TRANSIENT EM RESPONSE OF A LARGE LOOP ON A LAYERED GROUND * (1974)

A bstract The voltage induced in a horizontal loop on a layered ground has been calculated for the case where the loop is excited by a step current and measurements are made during the off‐cycle. The expressions derived for a uniform ground show that for large time t the induced voltage E(t) is approximately given by E(t) ≃— ( Ib αμ/20 t ) (σμ 2 / t ) 3/2 where σ is the conductivity of the ground, μ the permeability, b the loop radius, and I the amplitude of the current step. For small times the corresponding result is E(t) ≃— Ib μ/2 t. When the ground is composed of a number of layers a numerical procedure for calculating the induced voltage is described. The calculated responses of various multilayered structures show that at short times the induced voltage is asymptotic to that produced in the case of a uniform ground of conductivity equal to the top layer. Interference effects in the top layer can lead to anomalous decay curves which may result in the underestimation of the conductivity of a buried layer.
Satisfaction of Medical Doctors in Handling the CitizenÃ¢Â€Â™s Electronic Health Record (2017)

Objective: To estimate the extent that medical doctors and citizens make use of an application of electronic health record (EHR) over 2013-2015.
Materials and methods: Since 2006, the citizens of the health district of Ascoli Piceno (Italy) have had their own EHR assembled by retrieving health data from databases from all the health facilities available. EHR data consulting occurs through account subscription and log-in. Permission is given according to the professional profile of each subscriber.
Results: The Primary Health Care doctors normally remained logged in for 72-76 min per working day and the Emergency Department Doctors for 255-280. The Hospital Clinical Unit Doctors had been navigating through the EHR application for 5-5.5 % of their working time. 56% of the Outpatient Care Specialists logged in. Only 13% of the citizens subscribed to an account.
Conclusion: Within the context of a unified and universal health system, the medical doctors are increasingly using the EHR.
Semiconductor Disk Lasers Based on Quantum Dots (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Size Quantization in Optical Gain Media Development of Disk Lasers Based on Quantum Dots Conclusions References