gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor effect of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) on mouse melanoma and lung carcinoma cells involves adenosine A3 receptor stimulation. (2006)

An attempt was made to elucidate the molecular targetfor the antitumor effects of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) using non-selective and selective adenosine A1, A2a, A2b and A3 receptor agonists and antagonists. Although adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine (up to 100 microM) had no effect, cordycepin showed remarkable inhibitory effects on the growth curves of B16-BL6 mouse melanoma (IC50= 39 microM) and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (IC50 = 48 microM) cell lines in vitro. Among the adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists used (up to 100 microM), only 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA), a selective adenosine A3 receptor agonist, notably inhibited the growth of both mouse tumor cell lines (B16-BL6; IC50 = 5 microM, LLC; 14 microM). In addition, the tumor growth inhibitory effect of cordycepin was antagonized by 3-ethyl 5-benzyl 2-methyl-6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-(+/-)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS1191), a selective adenosine A3 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that cordycepin exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of mouse melanoma and lung carcinoma cells by stimulating adenosine A3 receptors on tumor cells.
Novel algorithm of processing optical coherence tomography images for differentiation of biological tissue pathologies (2005)

A numerical algorithm based on a small-angle approximation of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is developed to reconstruct scattering characteristics of biological tissues from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. According to the algorithm, biological tissue is considered to be a layered random medium with a set of scattering parameters in each layer: total scattering coefficient, variance of a small-angle scattering phase function, and probability of backscattering, which fully describe the OCT signal behavior versus probing depth. The reconstruction of the scattering parameters is performed by their variation to fit the experimental OCT signal by the theoretical one using a time-saving genetic algorithm. The proposed reconstruction procedure is tested on model media with known scattering parameters. The possibility to estimate scattering parameters from OCT images is studied for various regimes of OCT signal decay. The developed algorithm is applied to reconstruct optical characteristics of epithelium and stroma for normal cervical tissue and its pathologies, and the potential to distinguish between the types of pathological changes in epithelial tissue by its OCT images is demonstrated.
Expression of a constitutively active humanSTINGmutant in hematopoietic cells produces anIfnar1-dependent vasculopathy in mice (2019)

STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by blood vessel occlusions, acral necrosis, myositis, rashes, and pulmonary inflammation that are the result of activating mutations in the STimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). We generated a transgenic line that recapitulates many of the phenotypic aspects of SAVI by targeting the expression of the human STING-N154S-mutant protein to the murine hematopoietic compartment. <i>hSTING-N154S</i> mice demonstrated failure to gain weight, lymphopenia, progressive paw swelling accompanied by inflammatory infiltrates, severe myositis, and ear and tail necrosis. However, no significant lung inflammation was observed. X-ray microscopy imaging revealed vasculopathy characterized by arteriole occlusions and venous thromboses. Type I interferons and proinflammatory mediators were elevated in <i>hSTING-N154S</i> sera. Importantly, the phenotype was prevented in <i>hSTING-N154S</i> mice lacking the type I interferon receptor gene (<i>Ifnar1</i>). This model, based on a mutant human STING protein, may shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms operative in SAVI.
Regularized Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion for Feature Characterization (2006)

For tissue characterization in medical ultrasound imagery or terrain characterization in synthetic aperture radar imagery, it is necessary to preprocess imagery to reduce granular, texture-alike noise called speckle. This preprocessing is difficult when it is needed to preserve delicate image details that are buried in speckle. Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SAR) is a partial differential equation-based method developed for this purpose. Toward its improved performance for point/linear features, we introduced a novel regulator called energy condensation integral and developed a regularized SRAD (reg-SRAD) via minimization. The reg-SRAD generates outputs with increased resolution for point and linear features while retaining the characteristics the SRAD-filtering speckle with regional features enhanced. The performance of the method has been illustrated using synthetic and real ultrasound data, and radar imagery as well.
Novel Magnetic Technology for Intraoperative Intracranial Frameless Navigation: In Vivo and in Vitro Results (2001)

The system provides precise lesion localization without limiting the line of vision, the mobility of the surgeon, or the flexibility of instruments. Electromagnetic navigation promises new advances in neuronavigation and frameless stereotactic surgery.
Minitek urea disk test, a sensitive and cost-effective method to screen for Campylobacter pylori in gastric biopsies (1989)

One hundred fifty-five biopsy specimens from the gastric mucosa of 81 patients undergoing routine endoscopy procedures were tested for the presence of Campylobacter pylori by three methods: Gram stain, culture, and modified Minitek, a rapid urea disk test (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.). Twenty-nine patients were infected with C. pylori. Sensitivities and specificities of detection were 100 and 94% with the Minitek test and 93 and 100% with Gram stain, respectively. Rapid testing by the urea disk is a simple, cost-effective, and accurate method for detecting the presence of C. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens.
Zdravlje i rizici po zdravlje djece školske dobi - što o tome znamo i uspijevamo li pomoći (2007)

Djeca i mladi smatraju se cesto najzdravijim dijelom populacije, koji ne zahtijeva posebnu zdravstvenu skrb – vise ne boluju od potencijalno teskih bolesti dojenacke dobi i ranog djetinjstva, a jos nisu poceli razvijati kronicne bolesti pogubne za srednju i stariju dob. No upravo je razdoblje intenzivnog rasta i sazrijevanja kriticno i rizicno ne samo zbog izravnih rizika po zdravlje vec zbog neizravnih mogucih utjecaja mladalackih potencijalno stetnih navika i neopreznih ponasanja. Poceci tjelesnih promjena pocetka puberteta opažaju se u djevojcica oko 10-12 godine, u djecaka godinu-dvije kasnije. Od pocetaka pubertetskih promjena do fizicke, psihicke i socijalne zrelosti proteci ce dugackih 8-10 godina, tijekom kojih djeca i mladi imaju pravo na specificnu skrb usmjerenu upravo na zahjeve i probleme proizasle iz dramaticnih promjena kroz koje prolaze.
Instructive roles for cytokine-receptor binding parameters in determining signaling and functional potency (2015)

Cytokines dimerize cell surface receptors to activate signaling and regulate many facets of the immune response. Many cytokines have pleiotropic effects, inducing a spectrum of redundant and distinct effects on different cell types. This pleiotropy has hampered cytokine-based therapies, and the high doses required for treatment often lead to off-target effects, highlighting the need for a more detailed understanding of the parameters controlling cytokine-induced signaling and bioactivities. Using the prototypical cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13), we explored the interrelationships between receptor binding and a wide range of downstream cellular responses. We applied structure-based engineering to generate IL-13 variants that covered a spectrum of binding strengths for the receptor subunit IL-13Rα1. Engineered IL-13 variants representing a broad range of affinities for the receptor exhibited similar potencies in stimulating the phosphorylation of STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6). Delays in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6 were only apparent for those IL-13 variants with markedly reduced affinities for the receptor. From these data, we developed a mechanistic model that quantitatively reproduced the kinetics of STAT6 phosphorylation for the entire spectrum of binding affinities. Receptor endocytosis played a key role in modulating STAT6 activation, whereas the lifetime of receptor-ligand complexes at the plasma membrane determined the potency of the variant for inducing more distal responses. This complex interrelationship between extracellular ligand binding and receptor function provides the foundation for new mechanism-based strategies that determine the optimal cytokine dose to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Detection of Subtle Brain Changes Using Subvoxel Registration and Subtraction of Serial MR Images (1995)

With use of subvoxel registration, subtle changes in the brain were detected in a variety of physiological and clinical situations where differences have hitherto been difficult or impossible to detect.
The Human Trap (2017)

Hala H. Hassan is a Lebanese designer and illustrator currently residing in New York City. She is interested in design activism and how we can develop human-centered designs/innovations with social impact.When Hala decided to extend her stay in New York in the beginning of 2017, she launched a personal project “Randomiyyat,” that goes by the “rule of three.” She posts series of three images she took or three illustrations she drew that talk about socio-political or personal experiences especially in the new environment she is living in.
Density functional study for crystalline structures and electronic properties of Si1− xSnx binary alloys (2016)

Abstract We have carried out density functional theory (DFT) calculation for Si 1− x Sn x alloy and investigated the effect of the displacement of Si and Sn atoms with strain relaxation on the lattice constant and E – k dispersion. We calculated the formation probabilities for all atomic configurations of Si 1− x Sn x according to the Boltzmann distribution. The average lattice constant and E – k dispersion were weighted by the formation probability of each configuration of Si 1− x Sn x . We estimated the displacement of Si and Sn atoms from the initial tetrahedral site in the Si 1− x Sn x unit cell considering structural relaxation under hydrostatic pressure, and we found that the breaking of the degenerated electronic levels of the valence band edge could be caused by the breaking of the tetrahedral symmetry. We also calculated the E – k dispersion of the Si 1− x Sn x alloy by the DFT+ U method and found that a Sn content above 50% would be required for the indirect–direct transition.
Characterisation and structure determination of a llama-derived nanobody targeting the J-base binding protein 1 (2018)

Abstract The J-base Binding Protein 1 (JBP1) contributes to biosynthesis and maintenance of base J ( β -D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a modification of thymidine confined to some protozoa. Camelid (llama) single domain antibody fragments (nanobodies) targeting JBP1 were produced for use as crystallization chaperones. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) screening identified Nb6 as a strong binder, recognising JBP1 with a 1:1 stoichiometry and high affinity (k D =30nM). Crystallisation trials of JBP1 in complex with Nb6, yielded crystals diffracting to 1.47Å resolution. However, the asymmetric unit dimensions and molecular replacement with a nanobody structure, clearly showed that the crystals of the expected complex with JBP1 were of the nanobody alone. Nb6 crystallizes in spacegroup P31 with two molecules in the asymmetric unit; its crystal structure was refined to a final resolution of 1.64Å. Ensemble refinement suggests that on the ligand-free state one of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) is flexible while the other two adopt well-defined conformations. Synopsis A camelid single domain antibody fragment (nanobody) is shown to have high affinity towards its recognition target, the J-base binding protein 1 (JBP1). The serendipitous crystallisation of this nanobody alone, and its crystal structure solution and refinement to 1.64Å resolution are described. Ensemble refinement suggests that on the ligand-free state one of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) is flexible while the other two adopt well-defined conformations.
Tricyclic Triazoles as σ1 Receptor Antagonists for Treating Pain (2021)

The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new series of 5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4<i>H</i>,6<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[3,4-<i>b</i>][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-<i>d</i>][1,4]oxazine derivatives as potent sigma-1 receptor (σ<sub>1</sub>R) ligands are reported. A lead optimization program aimed at improving the aqueous solubility of parent racemic nonpolar derivatives led to the identification of several σ<sub>1</sub>R antagonists with a good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in vitro profile, no off-target affinities, and characterized by a low basic p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> (around 5) that correlates with high exposure levels in rodents. Two compounds displaying a differential brain-to-plasma ratio distribution profile, <b>12lR</b> and <b>12qS</b>, exhibited a good analgesic profile and were selected as preclinical candidates for the treatment of pain.
A novel approach for Optimal Power Dispatch using Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods (2009)

This paper presents an Optimal Power Dispatch (OPD) problem is to minimize system operating costs, transmission losses and some other criteria while maintaining an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generators, real and reactive power output of various compensating devices. Many traditionally and classical optimization methods were used to effectively solve OPD. But more recently deregulation of a power sector and incorporation of Flexible ac transmission systems devices has introduced new issues into the existing OPD problems. As a result, OPD problems have become complex. Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have been emerged which can solve highly complex OPD problems and provide a global solution. The purpose of this paper is to present an up-to-date state of art of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods applied to solve optimal power dispatch problems.
An acceleration-free version of the clock paradox (1990)

A version of the clock effect, or twin paradox, in which neither observer undergoes acceleration is considered. It is observed that even when no curvature is present the large-scale structure of spacetime must be taken into account in order to avoid fallacious reasoning. In this example a non-simply-connected spacetime is considered-this allows the twins to meet again without any acceleration, by virtue of the fact that the paths are not homotopic.
Extending common-azimuth migration (1999)

We present a review of common-azimuth prestack depth migration theory and propose a new extension to the original method. In common-azimuth migration theory, source and receiver raypaths are constrained to lie on the same plane at each depth level. By using data with a broader range of cross-line offsets, we increase the number of raypaths examined and consider more information. Consequently, our extended common-azimuth migration is theoretically better able to model lateral velocity variations due to real 3-D structures and is more compatible with the standard marine acquisition geometry, in which cross-line offsets are concentrated in a narrow band. We first discuss the theory of the process, and then introduce computational issues leading to future implementation.
The use of Al(x)Ga(1-x)As buffer layers to reduce parasitic space charge limited current flow through the substrate in FET structures (1979)

A simple analysis has been made of the parasitic space charge limited current flow in a GaAs substrate or buffer. The computed output conductance is in agreement with experimental values of 600 to 1000 ohms obtained on low noise FET's with 300 micron gate width fabricated on GaAs buffer layers with low trap density. The parasitic current flows in the semi-insulating substrate or buffer layer, around the thin high field Gunn domain that is present in the active layer of the FET. Including the effects of changing domain length with drain bias, the parasitic current is found to rise as the square root of the drain voltage and as the 4th root of the active channel doping.
An experimental study of the dimple/gimbal interface in a hard disk drive (2011)

The contact of the dimple/gimbal interface in a hard disk drive was studied experimentally. Two types of dimples with different surface roughness and several types of gimbal materials were investigated. The load–displacement curves for the contact of the dimple and the gimbal exhibit hysteresis, which is related to the plastic deformation of the asperities, during the first few load/unload cycles. The roughness of dimple and gimbal samples was measured before and after load–unload testing using an AFM. The plasticity index was determined based on the roughness measurement. The results show that the roughness and plasticity index of the non-polished dimple decrease with the number of load/unload cycles significantly, i.e., the contact surface becomes smoother than the original surface due to plastic deformation. The roughness and plasticity index of the laser-polished dimple change slightly before and after the load–unload test.
U-10Mo Sample Preparation and Examination using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (2016)

The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines to prepare specimens of uranium alloyed with 10 weight percent molybdenum (U-10Mo) for optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy. This document also provides instructions to set up an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to analyze U-10Mo specimens and to obtain the required information.
Architectural design of a fast floating-point multiplication-add fused unit using signed-digit addition (2002)

Signed digit (SD) addition is applied to the design of a new floating-point (FLP) multiplication-add fused (MAF) unit. This adoption, together with the proposed two-step normalization method, can reduce the three-word-length addition that is required in the conventional FLP MAF unit to two-word-length addition. Furthermore, sign reversion of the intermediate mantissa that requires three-word-length carry propagation in the conventional MAF unit is replaced by only single-word sign detection. These two improvements can enhance the speed and cost of the MAF unit significantly. With the use of the SD addition, the circuit of the unit can be designed in a more regular and simple manner, which is a property that is desired in VLSI design. The proposed FLP MAF unit has been designed and simulated by using Verilog hardware description language. The functions of the designed unit are verified to be correct.
The Association Between APOE ε4 and Alzheimer-type Dementia Among Memory Clinic Patients is Confined to those with a Higher Education. The DESCRIPA Study (2013)

We assessed the interaction between the APOE ε4 allele and education level in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among memory clinic patients from the multicenter DESCRIPA study. Subjects (n = 544) were followed for 1 to 5 years. We used Cox's stratified survival modeling, adjusted for age, gender, and center. APOE ε4 predicted the onset of AD-type dementia in middle (HR 3.45 95% CI 1.79-6.65, n = 222) and high (HR 3.67 95% CI 1.36-9.89, n = 139) but not in low educated subjects (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.38-1.72, n = 183). This suggests that mechanisms in developing Alzheimer-type dementia may differ between educational groups that raises questions related to Alzheimer-type dementia prevention.
Borrelia miyamotoi Infections among Wild Rodents Show Age and Month Independence and Correlation with Ixodes persulcatus Larval Attachment in Hokkaido, Japan (2012)

To clarify how Borrelia miyamotoi is maintained in the environment in Hokkaido, we examined Ixodes persulcatus for its prevalence among wild rodents and its tick vector by detecting a portion of the borrelial flaB gene in rodent urinary bladder and blood samples, and from whole ticks. We compared B. miyamotoi infection rates to Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, which are human Lyme disease pathogens also carried by wild rodents, and which are transmitted by the same vector tick. Whereas B. garinii and B. afzelii showed age dependence of infection rates among wild rodents (18.4% and 9.9% among adults and 6.0% and 3.4% among sub-adults, respectively) when looking at urinary bladder samples, B. miyamotoi infection rates were not age dependent for either blood (4.2% among adults, and 7.9% among sub-adults) or urinary bladder samples (1.0% among adults, and 1.7% among sub-adults). Moreover, while B. garinii and B. afzelii infection rates showed increases across months (June, July [p<0.05] and August [p<0.01] had higher rates than in May for adult rodents with B. garinii, and July and August had higher rates than in May [p<0.01] for adult rodents with B. afzelii), B. miyamotoi infection rates did not show significant month dependence. These differences in month and age dependence led us to suspect that B. miyamotoi may not develop persistent infections in wild rodents, as B. garinii and B. afzelii are thought to. Furthermore, we examined the extent of rodent exposure to I. persulcatus nymphs and larvae throughout most of the tick's active season (May through September), and determined that B. miyamotoi infection rates in sub-adult rodents were correlated with larval burden (p<0.01), suggesting that larvae may be very important in transmission of B. miyamotoi to wild rodents.
Factors influencing CD-SEM metrology (2002)

Nanometrology LLC has developed a unique set of solutions for optimizing CD-SEM metrology by improving signal to noise ratio and quantifying scan non-linearity. Examples of Nanometrology's solutions for improved CD-SEM magnification calibration are demonstrated using CD-SEMs from a variety of user sites. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a method to quantify CD-SEM scan non-linearity with precision 0.1 percent has been reported. Calibration precision of 0.1 percent or better can be achieved on both cross-section and CD-SEMs to enable them to meet or exceed the requirements of the ITRS roadmap beyond 2014.
An Autopsy Case of Giant Cell Myocarditis (Myocardial Sarcoidosis) (1957)

Summary An autopsy case of the so‐called giant cell myocarditis, which was understood to be sarcoidosis, the main lesion of which situated in the myocardium, was reported. In the morphogensis of asteroid bodies, the protein moiety of lipoprotein was considered to participate. The theory that these bodies would be derivatives of elastin could not be supported.
Using atomic interference to probe atom-surface interactions (2000)

We show that atomic interference in the reflection from two suitably polarized evanescent waves is sensitive to retardation effects in the atom-surface interaction for specific experimental parameters. We study the limit of short and long atomic de Broglie wavelengths. The former case is analyzed in the semiclassical approximation (Landau-Zener model). The latter represents a quantum regime and is analyzed by solving numerically the associated coupled Schr\"odinger equations. We consider a specific experimental scheme and show the results for rubidium (short wavelength) and the much lighter metastable helium atom (long wavelength). The merits of each case are then discussed.