gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced-dimension multiuser detection based on grouping users and reducing effective length of spread spectrum code in CDMA systems (2003)

The output of the decorrelator matched to the user of interest does not have the signal of interfering users. Does the number of interfering users have an effect on the bit-error-probability (BEP) of the decorrelator? From previous research, we cannot know the impact of the number of users on the BEP. We give the relation between the BEP and the number of users and its mathematical proof is also presented. From the process of the mathematical proof, we can explain some phenomena. Based on the relation of the decorrelator to the number of users, we propose a wavelet-based reduced-dimension approach for joint space-time multiuser detection to reduce its computation load. Compared with the full dimension decorrelator, although the dimension of our algorithm is reduced, the performance does not decrease under the condition of low input SNR and large number of users. Simulations confirm our results.
CORRESPONDENCE. THE BACTERIAL PURIFICATION OF WATER. (1897)

Keywords BACTERIAL, BACTERIA, PURIFICATION, WATER, BACTERIOLOGY, FILTRATION, SAND, FILTERS, WATERWORKS, RIVERS HAMBURG GERMANY... Show All
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL MIXING LAYER (2004)

In order to check the correctness and reliability of direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional turbulence with the moderate or low flow Reynolds number, this paper adopts the pseudospectral method to direct numerically simulate(DNS) the three-dimensional plane mixing layer. The DNS results are compared with the classic experimental results of Lasheras et al on the plane mixing layer. The streamwise mean velocity profiles, the longitudinal velocity fluctuation profiles, the momentum thickness and the vorticity thickness obtained by DNS are mulually contrasted quantitatively. Consequently, the DNS results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. It proves that the DNS of three-dimensional mixing layer is correct and reliable, that lays a foundation for extending the applications of DNS.
Polyplexes of Functional PAMAM Dendrimer/Apoptin Gene Induce Apoptosis of Human Primary Glioma Cells In Vitro (2019)

Highly efficient and safe gene delivery has become an important aspect of neuronal gene therapy. We evaluated the ability of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer grafted with phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine (PAMAM-FHR), a nonviral gene delivery vector, to deliver a therapeutic, tumor cell-specific killer gene, apoptin, into the human primary glioma cell line GBL-14 and human dermal fibroblasts. We performed a transfection assay using plasmids of luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and assessed cell viability. Both cell lines were treated with complexes of PAMAM-FHR and apoptin after which their intracellular uptake and localization were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Confocal microscopy showed that the PAMAM-FHR escaped from the endo-lysosome into the cytosol. Cell cycle phase distribution analysis, annexin V staining, and a tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) assay established that apoptin triggered apoptosis in the GBL-14 cell line but not in normal fibroblasts. These results indicated that the PAMAM-FHR/apoptin complex is an effective gene vehicle for cancer therapy in vitro.
Acyclic Nucleotide Analogs Derived from 8-Azapurines:  Synthesis and Antiviral Activity (1996)

Reaction of phosphoroorganic synthons with 8-azaadenine, 8-aza-2, 6-diaminopurine, and 8-azaguanine using cesium carbonate yielded regioisomeric 8-azapurine N7-, N8-, and N9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkyl) derivatives. This reaction followed by deprotection afforded isomeric 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl (PME), (S)-(3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(S)-HPMP], (S)-(3-flouro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(S)-FPMP], (S)-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(S)-PMP], and (R)-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(R)-PMP] derivatives. 13C NMR spectra were used for structural assignment of the regioisomers. None of the 8-isomers exhibited any antiviral activity against herpesviruses, Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV), and/or HIV. 9-(S)-HPMP-8-azaadenine (23) and PME-8-azaguanine (65) were active against HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV at 0.2-7 micrograms/mL, VZV at 0.04-0.4 microgram/mL, and MSV (at 0.3-0.6 microgram/mL). PME-8-azaguanine (65) and (R)-PMP-8-azaguanine (71a) protected MT-4 and CEM cells against HIV-1- and HIV-2-induced cytopathicity at a concentration of approximately 2 micrograms/mL.
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence from Bismuth‐Embedded Zeolites and Their Derivatives. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Side-channel attack pitfalls (2007)

While cryptographic algorithms are usually strong against mathematical attacks, their practical implementation, both in software and in hardware, opens the door to side-channel attacks. Without expensive equipment or intrusive monitoring, these attacks bypass the mathematical complexity and find the cryptographic key by observing the power consumption or the execution time variations of the device in normal operation mode. The power traces of 8000 encryptions are for instance sufficient to extract the secret key of an unprotected ASIC AES implementation, which is orders of magnitude smaller than the 2128 tests required to brute force the algorithm. A careful implementation can address these vulnerabilities, yet the solutions conflict with the common design goals to optimize for area, performance and power consumption. This paper introduces the side-channel attack pitfalls, which help create or facilitate the observation of the information leakage, discusses mitigation strategies and identifies opportunities for future research.
Apolipoprotein A‐IMilano anion exchange chromatography: Mass transfer and adsorption kinetics (2010)

The mass transfer and adsorption kinetics of self-associating apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) (apoA-I(M)) was investigated for the two anion exchangers Q-Sepharose-HP and Macro-Prep-HQ. At high salt where no protein binding occurs and without urea, mass transfer was controlled by hindered pore diffusion of multiple associated forms for both materials. Adding urea suppressed self-association, but resulted in higher viscosity and caused unfolding. As a consequence, the effective diffusivity decreased as urea was added and was greater for the larger pore Macro-Prep-HQ resin. At low salt, under strong binding conditions, the adsorption kinetics followed a more complex mechanism. In this case, the kinetics was very slow for both stationary phases up to 2 M urea. However, at higher urea concentrations, the adsorption kinetics for the smaller pore Q-Sepharose-HP matrix became much faster, suggesting a transition from pore- to surface-dominated diffusion. Microscopic observations confirmed that different transport mechanisms were in play below and above 2 M urea, which marked the approximate boundary above which self-association was suppressed and unfolding occurred. The net result was enhanced uptake kinetics at high urea concentrations (e.g., 4 M) where protein unfolding is thought to lead to a more flexible structure that can reptate along the pore surface. Although the observed enhancement was dependent on the pore size and, thus, the surface area of the resin, it was not limited to apoA-I(M). BSA showed a similar trend as a function of urea when its disulfide bonds were reduced.
The Tryptophan Residue at the Active Site Tunnel Entrance of Trichoderma reesei Cellobiohydrolase Cel7A Is Important for Initiation of Degradation of Crystalline Cellulose (2013)

The mechanisms of crystalline polysaccharide degradation are clarified. The glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Trichoderma reesei is one of the best studied cellulases with the ability to degrade highly crystalline cellulose. The catalytic domain and the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) are both necessary for full activity on crystalline substrates. Our previous high-speed atomic force microscopy studies showed that mutation of Trp-40 at the entrance of the catalytic tunnel drastically decreases the ability to degrade crystalline cellulose. Here, we examined the activities of the WT enzyme and mutant W40A (with and without the CBD) for various substrates. Evaluation and comparison of the specific activities of the enzymes (WT, W40A, and the corresponding catalytic subunits (WTcat and W40Acat)) adsorbed on crystalline cellulose indicated that Trp-40 is involved in recruiting individual substrate chains into the active site tunnel to initiate processive hydrolysis. This was supported by molecular dynamics simulation study, i.e. the reducing end glucose unit was effectively loaded into the active site of WTcat, but not into that of W40Acat, when the simulation was started from subsite -7. However, when similar simulations were carried out starting from subsite -5, both enzymes held the substrate for 50 ns, indicating that the major difference between WTcat and W40Acat is the length of the free chain end of the substrate required to allow initiation of processive movements; this also reflects the difference between crystalline and amorphous celluloses. The CBD is important for enhancing the enzyme population on crystalline substrate, but it also decreases the specific activity of the adsorbed enzyme, possibly by attaching the enzyme to non-optimal places on the cellulose surface and/or hindering processive hydrolysis.
Abstract 528: Identify and prioritize candidate neoantigens from cancer exome sequencing with unmatched accuracy (2016)

Abstract Somatic, nonsynonymous genetic alterations present in cancer can lead to the formation of novel protein sequences and thus production of immunogenic “non-self” neoantigens. Some of those neoantigens will be processed, presented on MHC molecules, and induce tumor-specific T cell responses. Because neoantigens play central roles in the cancer-immunity cycle, it is critical to identify the most potent immunogenic neoantigens effectively and accurately. Combining PGDx's highly accurate cancer exome analyses (CancerXome™) with in silico neoantigen prediction, we have launched ImmunoSelect-R™ that identifies and prioritizes the most relevant mutation-derived neoantigens. To ensure detection of true somatic mutations and prevent false positive mutations from confounding neoantigen identification, ImmunoSelect utilizes CancerXome that delivers unparalleled cancer whole exome sequencing accuracy, achieving 95% sensitivity and 97% positive predictive value at 10% mutant allele frequency with 150x coverage. ImmunoSelect also provides accurate HLA typing from whole exome sequencing with &amp;gt;99.9% sensitivity and specificity. Once exome-based mutations and novel open-reading-frames are identified and HLA genotypes defined, ImmunoSelect utilizes state of art bioinformatics pipelines for prediction and prioritization of the most relevant neoantigens. When applied to a set of experimentally validated neoantigens, ImmunoSelect identified 18 out of 19 of them as being strong neoantigen candidates, suggesting a sensitivity of greater than 90%. Moreover, ImmunoSelect consistently ranked experimentally validated neoantigens within top 20% of all neoantigen candidates derived from whole exome sequencing. In summary, ImmunoSelect is able to identify and prioritize candidate neoantigens from cancer exome sequencing results effectively and accurately, enabling personalized cancer vaccine development, adoptive T-cell transfer, and prediction of response to checkpoint inhibitors Citation Format: James White, Sam Angiuoli, Mark Sausen, Sian Jones, Lisa Kann, Manish Shukla, Maria Sevdali, Victor Velculescu, Luis Diaz, Theresa Zhang. Identify and prioritize candidate neoantigens from cancer exome sequencing with unmatched accuracy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 528.
Photonic access node using optical code-based label processing and its applications to optical data networking (2001)

An ultrahigh-speed photonic access node using optical code-based photonic add-drop multiplexing (PADM) and its novel applications to optical data networking are proposed. PADM processes a photonic label of packet, which is mapped onto an optical code, and adds-drops the packet from or to the node, or bypasses the node. PADM is distinct from conventional wavelength ADM (WADM) in that it can handle traffic on a packet-by-packet basis. In the application of PADM to optical data networking, pseudo-time division multiple access (TDMA) and rate-controlled asynchronous access are proposed. The analyses and their numerical simulations of the performances are presented. The simulation results demonstrate low packet-loss probability. Their optical implementations are also demonstrated, in which exploit parallel photonic label processing shows the applicability of proposed optical data networking in an ultrahigh-speed regime.
Long-term assessment of a novel biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting coronary polylactide stent (2004)

This novel polylactide stent showed sufficient mechanic stability, and by incorporation of paclitaxel, a significant potential to reduce restenosis development after vascular intervention was seen.
Modeling speech intelligibility and quality on the basis of the ‘‘effective’’ signal processing in the auditory system (1999)

A model of the ‘‘effective’’ signal processing performed by the auditory system is applied to the quantitative assessment of speech intelligibility (cf., Kollmeier et al., Proc. ICA 95, III, 81–84). It consists of a gamma one filterbank followed by envelope extraction, nonlinear adaptation circuits, and subsequent modulation low-pass filtering in each filter channel before being fed into a cross-correlation-type detector or pattern recognizer. The model is capable of predicting the speech intelligibility of both normal and hearing-impaired listeners under a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios, as well as the perceived quality of speech signals whose spectro-temporal properties are systematically degraded. The degradations are generated with a modulated noise reference unit either in a band-specific, time-independent way or in a broadband, temporally varying way. These intelligibility and quality assessment data can be used to deduce the components of the model most germane to the processing of speech, as well as provide information about how to enhance and extend the model for better predictive performance. a)Now at Siemens Audiologische Technik, Erlangen, Germany. b)Now at Widex Hearing Aids, Vaerloese, Denmark.
High-performance photodetectors based on Sb2S3 nanowires: wavelength dependence and wide temperature range utilization (2017)

Photodetectors which can work at both low and high temperatures are very important for the development of practical optoelectronic devices. Many studies have shown that low-dimensional semiconductors have more advantages in optoelectronic applications than their bulk forms. Here, we report the preparation of high-quality Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanowires (NWs) by a sulphur-assisted vapour transport method. The corresponding individual Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> NW based photodetectors exhibit good photoresponse in a wide spectral range from about 300 to 800 nm. The optimal photoresponse values are measured under the illumination of a 638 nm laser at room temperature: a high current ON/OFF ratio of about 210, a spectral responsivity of 1152 A W<sup>-1</sup>, a detectivity of 2 × 10<sup>13</sup> Jones, and rise and fall times of about 37 ms, respectively. More importantly, the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> shows three variation regions which can be attributed to the interaction between the carrier mobility and carrier concentration. The temperature dependence of the photoresponse of the photodetectors shows that they have good adaptability to temperature, and they worked very well at a wide temperature range from 8 to 420 K. Our results indicate that low-dimensional Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> crystals are promising candidates for new multifunctional optoelectronic devices.
A coupled factorial hidden Markov model (CFHMM) for diagnosing coupled faults (2010)

In this paper, we formulate a coupled factorial hidden Markov model-based framework to diagnose dependent faults occurring over time. In our previous research, the problem of diagnosing dynamic multiple faults (DMFD) is solved by assuming that the faults are independent. Here, we extend this formulation to determine the most likely evolution of dependent fault states (NP-hard problem), the one that best explains the observed test outcomes over time. An iterative Gauss-Seidel coordinate ascent optimization method along with the coupling assumptions (mixed memory Markov model) is proposed for solving the dynamic coupled fault diagnosis (DCFD) problem. A soft Viterbi algorithm is also implemented within the framework for decoding dependent fault states over time. We demonstrate the algorithm on small-scale and real-world systems and the simulation results show that this approach improves the correct isolation rate as compared to the formulation with independent fault states (DMFD).
The Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Spontaneous Dissection of the Internal Carotid Artery (1992)

N 1959, Anderson and Schechter first deI scribed a case of spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery.' Increased recognition of spontaneous carotid artery dissection in recent years suggests that this entity may be more common than was thought previo~sly.~-~ In addition, it is clear that many cases resolve spontaneously, indicating that the true incidence may have been largely underestimated in the past. Although headache is the most frequent symptom of patients with internal carotid artery dissection, the range of associated neurologic findings includes transient ischemic attack and cerebrovascular accident. This article emphasizes the spectrum of neuro-ophthalmologic involvement in this disorder. CLINICAL PROFILE Spontaneous carotid dissection occurs with a slightly greater frequency in men. Reported patients range in age from 4 to 74 years, with the majority in the fifth and sixth decades of The neurologic symptoms of patients with internal carotid artery dissection are summarized in Table 1. Hemicranial headache has been reported in up to 90% of patients. Fisher noted the headaches typically involve the ipsilatera1 forequarter of the head (forehead, orbit, temple, retro-orbit, frontal) and the neck. Most frequently, the pain is localized to the upper side of the neck, at times encompassing the mastoid, angle of the jaw, or sternocleidomastoid muscle. The pain is usually moderate to severe, and may be associated with ipsilateral scalp tenderness. The headache and pain usually resolve within 2 months, although reports of it persisting up to 2 years have been described. The associated neck and face pain are highly suggestive of carotid dissection. The unilateral
Characterization and treatment of a petrochemical wastewater for reuse (1989)

The main objective of Romania's post-accession strategy stands for the convergence with the EU Member States.If the nominal convergence (low inflation rate, stability of the exchange and interest rates, contained public debt) seems more easily to be achieved, the real convergence is supposed to catch up structural gap, connected more or less to issues belonging to the development process approach.The study aims at comparative assessment of Romania's development level within UE 27, proposing a composite index, called Relative Gap Scoring (RGS).This method is based on a scoring calculation depending on the quotient of each indicator level for a certain country and of the country's ranked first for the respectively indicator, having the advantage to evidence the relative gaps and providing a synthetic image of their resultant.The RGS index has been constructed by the geometric aggregation of scoring resulted for 10 economic and social indicators, considered relevant for the prospective of real convergence.Examining Romania's position within the ranking of EU countries according to the RGS index, the study found that large gap of the current state of economic and social development of our country still remain.Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that Romania stood at 42.5 percent of the EU average in 2007, while in relation to GDP per capita (PPS) at 40.4 percent, which reveals that, in terms of real convergence, the time horizon of catching up with EU countries could be shorter.
A SHH-responsive signaling center in the forebrain regulates craniofacial morphogenesis via the facial ectoderm (2008)

Interactions among the forebrain, neural crest and facial ectoderm regulate development of the upper jaw. To examine these interactions, we activated the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway in the brain. Beginning 72 hours after activation of the SHH pathway, growth within the avian frontonasal process (FNP) was exaggerated in lateral regions and impaired in medial regions. This growth pattern is similar to that in mice and superimposed a mammalian-like morphology on the upper jaw. Jaw growth is controlled by signals from the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ), and the divergent morphologies that characterize birds and mammals are accompanied by changes in the FEZ. In chicks there is a single FEZ spanning the FNP, but in mice both median nasal processes have a FEZ. In treated chicks, the FEZ was split into right and left domains that resembled the pattern present in mice. Additionally, we observed that, in the brain, fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) was downregulated, and signals in or near the nasal pit were altered. Raldh2 expression was expanded, whereas Fgf8, Wnt4, Wnt6 and Zfhx1b were downregulated. However, Wnt9b, and activation of the canonical WNT pathway, were unaltered in treated embryos. At later time points the upper beak was shortened owing to hypoplasia of the skeleton, and this phenotype was reproduced when we blocked the FGF pathway. Thus, the brain establishes multiple signaling centers within the developing upper jaw. Changes in organization of the brain that occur during evolution or as a result of disease can alter these centers and thereby generate morphological variation.
Head-Probe Stabilisation in Ultrasound Tongue Imaging Using a Headset to Permit Natural Head Movement (2008)

Translation and rotation movements of an&#13;\nultrasound probe relative to the speaker’s head&#13;\ninduce error. We examine one means of reducing&#13;\nsuch errors, the headset stabilising system made by&#13;\nArticulate Instruments Ltd., using a Vicon 612 3D&#13;\nmotion analysis system during and between episodes&#13;\nof speech. Probe movements relative to the head of&#13;\nthe speaker were derived. The headset restricted&#13;\nunwanted movement to the midsagittal plane even&#13;\nthough a speaker was free to move the head naturally&#13;\nduring utterances. Stressed low vowels moved the&#13;\nprobe dynamically within this plane by as much as&#13;\n10mm in extreme cases before it returned to near its&#13;\noriginal position. Long-term slippage ranged from&#13;\n1.4mm to 2.9mm and is within acceptable limits.