gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of anti-COVID-19 drug candidates with hepatic transporters may cause liver toxicity and affect pharmacokinetics (2021)

Transporters in the human liver play a major role in the clearance of endo- and xenobiotics. Apical (canalicular) transporters extrude compounds to the bile, while basolateral hepatocyte transporters promote the uptake of, or expel, various compounds from/into the venous blood stream. In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the key drug transporters of hepatocytes. These transporters included ABCB11/BSEP, ABCC2/MRP2, and SLC47A1/MATE1 in the canalicular membrane, as well as ABCC3/MRP3, ABCC4/MRP4, SLC22A1/OCT1, SLCO1B1/OATP1B1, SLCO1B3/OATP1B3, and SLC10A1/NTCP, residing in the basolateral membrane. Lopinavir and ritonavir in low micromolar concentrations inhibited BSEP and MATE1 exporters, as well as OATP1B1/1B3 uptake transporters. Ritonavir had a similar inhibitory pattern, also inhibiting OCT1. Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1. Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of these transporters. Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the various interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.
The effect of multi-channel wide dynamic range compression, noise reduction, and the directional microphone on horizontal localization performance in hearing aid wearers (2006)

This study examined the effect that signal processing strategies used in modern hearing aids, such as multi-channel WDRC, noise reduction, and directional microphones have on interaural difference cues and horizontal localization performance relative to linear, time-invariant amplification. Twelve participants were bilaterally fitted with BTE devices. Horizontal localization testing using a 360 degrees loudspeaker array and broadband pulsed pink noise was performed two weeks, and two months, post-fitting. The effect of noise reduction was measured with a constant noise present at 80 degrees azimuth. Data were analysed independently in the left/right and front/back dimension and showed that of the three signal processing strategies, directional microphones had the most significant effect on horizontal localization performance and over time. Specifically, a cardioid microphone could decrease front/back errors over time, whereas left/right errors increased when different microphones were fitted to left and right ears. Front/back confusions were generally prominent. Objective measurements of interaural differences on KEMAR explained significant shifts in left/right errors. In conclusion, there is scope for improving the sense of localization in hearing aid users.
2007 The relation between the biomechanical characteristics and Kansei evaluation during the ingress motion (2006)

This paper describes an evaluation method for the ease of an ingress motion into a car based on an evaluative structure. An ingress motion is composed of 3 basic motions. The first motion is putting the inner foot on the car floor, and the second is sitting. The last motion is putting the outer foot on the car floor. It is thought that the human evaluative structures are different and independent in each motion. In order to discuss the relation between the biomechanical characteristics and the evaluation, it is important to clarify the structures in each motion. So experiments are carried out by using a mock-up of real-size front passenger seat and with using a questionnaire survey as Kansei evaluation. Through the results of the experiments, it is found that there is the correlation between the car configuration and the evaluation. With using of this relation, the ease of ingress motion can be indicated by getting the information about car configuration and personal size.
High efficiency single-junction semitransparent perovskite solar cells (2014)

Semitransparent efficient methylammonium lead iodide perovskite based solar cells.
3-D Object Recognition Using 2-D Views (2008)

We consider the problem of recognizing 3-D objects from 2-D images using geometric models and assuming different viewing angles and positions. Our goal is to recognize and localize instances of specific objects (i.e., model-based) in a scene. This is in contrast to category-based object recognition methods where the goal is to search for instances of objects that belong to a certain visual category (e.g., faces or cars). The key contribution of our work is improving 3-D object recognition by integrating Algebraic Functions of Views (AFoVs), a powerful framework for predicting the geometric appearance of an object due to viewpoint changes, with indexing and learning. During training, we compute the space of views that groups of object features can produce under the assumption of 3-D linear transformations, by combining a small number of reference views that contain the object features using AFoVs. Unrealistic views (e.g., due to the assumption of 3-D linear transformations) are eliminated by imposing a pair of rigidity constraints based on knowledge of the transformation between the reference views of the object. To represent the space of views that an object can produce compactly while allowing efficient hypothesis generation during recognition, we propose combining indexing with learning in two stages. In the first stage, we sample the space of views of an object sparsely and represent information about the samples using indexing. In the second stage, we build probabilistic models of shape appearance by sampling the space of views of the object densely and learning the manifold formed by the samples. Learning employs the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and takes place in a "universal," lower-dimensional, space computed through Random Projection (RP). During recognition, we extract groups of point features from the scene and we use indexing to retrieve the most feasible model groups that might have produced them (i.e., hypothesis generation). The likelihood of each hypothesis is then computed using the probabilistic models of shape appearance. Only hypotheses ranked high enough are considered for further verification with the most likely hypotheses verified first. The proposed approach has been evaluated using both artificial and real data, illustrating promising performance. We also present preliminary results illustrating extensions of the AFoVs framework to predict the intensity appearance of an object. In this context, we have built a hybrid recognition framework that exploits geometric knowledge to hypothesize the location of an object in the scene and both geometrical and intesnity information to verify the hypotheses.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Plastoquinol Analogues as a Potential Functional Model of Photosystem I (2020)

The recent development of a functional model of photosystem II (PSII) has paved a new way to connect the PSII model with a functional model of photosystem I (PSI). However, PSI functional models have yet to be reported. We report herein the first potential functional model of PSI, in which plastoquinol (PQH<sub>2</sub>) analogues were oxidized to plastoquinone (PQ) analogues, accompanied by hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) evolution. Photoirradiation of a deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution containing hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH<sub>2</sub>) as a hydrogen source, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr<sup>+</sup>-Mes) as a photoredox catalyst, and a cobalt(III) complex, Co<sup>III</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl (dmgH = dimethylglyoximate monoanion; py = pyridine) as a redox catalyst resulted in the evolution of H<sub>2</sub> and formation of the corresponding <i>p</i>-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q) quantitatively. The maximum quantum yield for photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution from tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl<sub>4</sub>QH<sub>2</sub>) with Acr<sup>+</sup>-Mes and Co<sup>III</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl and H<sub>2</sub>O in deaerated MeCN was determined to be 10%. Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution is started by electron transfer (ET) from Cl<sub>4</sub>QH<sub>2</sub> to the triplet ET state of Acr<sup>+</sup>-Mes to produce Cl<sub>4</sub>QH<sub>2</sub><sup>•+</sup> and Acr<sup>•</sup>-Mes with a rate constant of 7.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, followed by ET from Acr<sup>•</sup>-Mes to Co<sup>III</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl to produce [Co<sup>II</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl]<sup>-</sup>, accompanied by the regeneration of Acr<sup>+</sup>-Mes. On the other hand, Cl<sub>4</sub>QH<sub>2</sub><sup>•+</sup> is deprotonated to produce Cl<sub>4</sub>QH<sup>•</sup>, which transfers either a hydrogen-atom transfer or a proton-coupled electron transfer to [Co<sup>II</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl]<sup>-</sup> to produce a cobalt(III) hydride complex, [Co<sup>III</sup>(H)(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl]<sup>-</sup>, which reacts with H<sup>+</sup> to evolve H<sub>2</sub>, accompanied by the regeneration of Co<sup>III</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl. The formation of [Co<sup>II</sup>(dmgH)<sub>2</sub>pyCl]<sup>-</sup> was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW TYPE OF ANALGESIC ANTIPHLOGISTICS. I: 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐2‐PHENYLBENZO(B)THIOPHENE 1,1‐DIOXIDES WITH BASIC SUBSTITUENTS (1981)

Abstract Durch Addition der Amine (II) an die Benzo[b]thiophendioxide (I) werden die Amin‐substituierten Dihydrobenzothiophendioxide (III) erhalten, die z.Tl. als nicht narkotische Analgetica und Antiphlogistica starke Wirksamkeit besitzen.
Statins prevent cholinesterase inhibitor blockade of sympathetic α7-nAChR-mediated currents in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons (2007)

Statins are reported to be beneficial in treating a multitude of disorders including dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) with varying, yet-to-be determined mechanisms of actions. Although cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are still recommended as the primary drug of choice for AD and related diseases, their efficacy is frequently questioned. We recently reported that alpha7-neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (alpha7-nAChR)-mediated neurogenic vasodilation of porcine cerebral arteries was blocked by ChEIs, and this blockade was prevented by statin pretreatment. The exact mechanism of interaction between ChEIs and statins remains unclear. Activation of alpha7-nAChRs located on perivascular postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals releases norepinephrine, which then acts on presynaptic beta(2)-adrenoceptors located on neighboring nitrergic nerve terminals, resulting in nitric oxide release and vasodilation. The present study, therefore, was designed to determine whether interaction of ChEIs and statins occurs at the alpha7-nAChR level. We examined effects of concurrent application of ChEIs and statins on alpha7-nAChR-mediated inward currents in primary neuronal cultures of rat superior cervical ganglion cells, the origin of the perivascular sympathetic innervation to the cerebral arteries. The results indicated that physostigmine, neostigmine, and galantamine inhibited choline- and nicotine-induced whole cell currents in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibition, which was noncompetitive in nature, was prevented by concurrent application of mevastatin and lovastatin in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that statins protect alpha7-nAChR function directly at the receptor level. Since alpha7-nAChR is neuroprotective, having beneficial effects on memory and cerebral vascular function, its functional inhibition by ChEIs may explain in part the limitation of its effectiveness in AD and VaD therapy. Protection of alpha7-nAChR function from ChEI inhibition by concurrent administration of statins may provide an alternative strategy in improving the efficacy of AD and VaD therapy.
Radiation-Blocking Shields to Localize Periarticular Radiation Precisely for Prevention of Heterotopic Bone Formation Around Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasties (1990)

Sixteen patients (18 hips) were treated with localized radiation therapy limited to periarticular regions surrounding the femoral neck by shielding the prosthesis and the adjacent regions to prevent heterotopic bone formation around the uncemented prosthesis. All hips received 1500 rads. Eight of these hips were irradiated after excising severe heterotopic bone, five because they developed extensive heterotopic ossification in the opposite hip, and five others because they were considered to be at high risk for developing heterotopic ossification. Only two of the 18 hips developed a small amount of heterotopic bone after localized periarticular radiation. All wounds healed primarily. No progressive radiolucencies developed at the bone-prosthesis interface. There was only one trochanteric nonunion of six trochanteric osteotomies. Localized periarticular radiation therapy with precision shielding of the prosthetic components and adjacent skeletal structures is an effective means to prevent heterotopic bone formation around cementless total hip arthroplasties. It also has the advantage of not adversely affecting the healing of the trochanteric osteotomy.
A 0.7 V Single-Supply SRAM With 0.495 $\mu$m$^{2}$ Cell in 65 nm Technology Utilizing Self-Write-Back Sense Amplifier and Cascaded Bit Line Scheme (2009)

We proposed a novel SRAM architecture with a high-density cell in low-supply-voltage operation. A self-write-back sense amplifier realizes cell failure rate improvement by more than two orders of magnitude at 0.6 V. A cascaded bit line scheme saves additional process cost for hierarchical bit line layer. A test chip with 256 kb SRAM utilizing 0.495 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell in 65 nm CMOS technology demonstrated 0.7 V single-supply operation.
Comparison of the Properties of TiC/Fe-AI Composites Produced by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis and Hot Isostatic Pressing (1999)

Abstract Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) techniques were used to produce TiC-20 wt.% Fe-Al and TiC-40 wt.% Fe-Al composite materials. The microstructure of the materials produced by the SHS technique consisted of spherical carbide particles embedded in an iron aluminide matrix whereas the microstructure of the materials produced by the HIP technique was less regular. A maximum hardness of 1820 HV was measured for the material produced using HIP and a maximum fracture toughness of 16.3 MPa 1/2 was obtained for the material produced by SHS. Hardness values obtained from samples produced by the HIP technique were higher than those obtained from samples produced by the SHS technique. The SHS samples had better fracture toughness. The results of the oxidation resistance tests showed that TiC/Fe-Al composite materials can be recommended for use in oxidative environments holding temperatures up to 800°C.
Boundary Detection of Color Images Using Neural Networks. (1997)

In boundary detection of color images, it is essential to form local edge elements that are detected by a local edge detection method into groups for finding straight or curved lines. A new boundary detection method based on the Hopfield neural network is proposed. First, an image is divided into blocks. In each block, two edge segments at the most are detected. Then, a unit of the network is assigned to each edge segment. Some properties of edge segments belonging to a boundary are embedded in an objective function of the network, and the boundary is detected by minimizing the function. Experimental results show that the method is applicable for partially disconnected and/or blurred boundaries.
Deciphering Thymic Development (2014)

OPINION article Front. Immunol., 08 October 2014Sec. Immunological Tolerance and Regulation Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00424
Generalization Bounds for Neural Belief Propagation Decoders (2023)

Machine learning based approaches are being increasingly used for designing decoders for next generation communication systems. One widely used framework is neural belief propagation (NBP), which unfolds the belief propagation (BP) iterations into a deep neural network and the parameters are trained in a data-driven manner. NBP decoders have been shown to improve upon classical decoding algorithms. In this paper, we investigate the generalization capabilities of NBP decoders. Specifically, the generalization gap of a decoder is the difference between empirical and expected bit-error-rate(s). We present new theoretical results which bound this gap and show the dependence on the decoder complexity, in terms of code parameters (blocklength, message length, variable/check node degrees), decoding iterations, and the training dataset size. Results are presented for both regular and irregular parity-check matrices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first set of theoretical results on generalization performance of neural network based decoders. We present experimental results to show the dependence of generalization gap on the training dataset size, and decoding iterations for different codes.
Effects of Conventional or Lower Doses of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women (2004)

Compared with C-HRT, L-HRT has comparable effects on lipoproteins, flow-mediated dilation, and PAI-1 antigen levels. However, L-HRT did not increase hsCRP or F1+2 levels, and it decreased antithrombin III less than C-HRT.
Mptk: Matching Pursuit Made Tractable (2006)

Matching Pursuit (MP) aims at finding sparse decompositions of signals over redundant bases of elementary waveforms. Traditionally, MP has been considered too slow an algorithm to be applied to real-life problems with high-dimensional signals. Indeed, in terms of floating points operations, its typical numerical implementations have a complexity of O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and are associated with impractical runtimes. In this paper, we propose a new architecture which exploits the structure shared by many redundant MP dictionaries, and thus decreases its complexity to O(N log N). This architecture is implemented in a new software toolkit, called MPTK (the Matching Pursuit Toolkit), which is able to reach, e.g., 0.25×real time for a typical MP analysis scenario applied to a 1 hour long audio track. This substantial acceleration makes it possible, from now on, to explore and apply MP in the framework of real-life, high-dimensional data processing problems.
Educational use of EMTP MODELS for the study of a distance relaying algorithm for protecting transmission lines (2000)

This paper presents the implementation of a distance relaying algorithm using EMTP MODELS, in which we have simplified the procedures of system modeling and distance relaying system by using a single structure of MODELS. The technique presented is based on integrating the modeling of the power system and the protective system in one program module. The purpose of this paper is to provide systematic relaying concepts by modeling a digital relaying system using MODELS functions within EMTP in a closed-loop manner, principally to facilitate and enhance an understanding of the basic concepts of distance relaying of final year undergraduate students/postgraduate students/young engineers who are new to the subject of power system protective relaying. Various elements of digital distance relaying are organized to generate a systematic approach to modeling the actual hardware of digital relaying systems. Case studies relating to the most commonly encountered single phase-to-ground fault and phase-to-phase fault are presented and various fault distances and fault inception angles are considered.
Spectroscopic Evidence of the First Example of an Isomer with the Hydride Ligand in the Equatorial Plane in the HRh(CO)4-x(PR3)xFamily:  HRh(CO)2(PR3)2(PR3= 1,2,5-Triphenyl-1H-phosphole, TPP) (2003)

A variable-temperature multinuclear NMR study using enriched 13CO shows that the HRh(CO)2(TPP)2 (TPP = 1,2,5-triphenyl-1H-phosphole) complex, the resting state of the catalytic system for the hydroformylation of styrene by the Rh/TPP mixture, exists in solution as two stereoisomers in equilibrium. The minor isomer (10%) exhibits a geometry where the hydride ligand occupies an equatorial position, a unique case within the HRh(CO)4-x(PR3)x family.
A New Photoactive Crystalline Highly Porous Titanium(IV) Dicarboxylate (2009)

Titanium is a very attractive candidate for MOFs due to its low toxicity, redox activity, and photocatalytic properties. We present here MIL-125, the first example of a highly porous and crystalline titanium(IV) dicarboxylate (MIL stands for Materials of Institut Lavoisier) with a high thermal stability and photochemical properties. Its structure is built up from a pseudo cubic arrangement of octameric wheels, built up from edge- or corner-sharing titanium octahedra, and terephthalate dianions leading to a three-dimensional periodic array of two types of hybrid cages with accessible pore diameters of 6.13 and 12.55 A. X-ray thermodiffractometry and thermal analysis show that MIL-125 is stable up to 360 degrees C under air atmosphere while nitrogen sorption analysis indicates a surface area (BET) of 1550 m(2) x g(-1). Moreover, under nitrogen and alcohol adsorption, MIL-125 exhibits a photochromic behavior associated with the formation of stable mixed valence titanium-oxo compounds. The titanium oxo cluster are back oxidized in the presence of oxygen. This photochemical phenomenon is analyzed through the combined use of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and UV-visible absorption spectroscopies. The photogenerated electrons are trapped as Ti(III) centers, while a concomitant oxidation of the adsorbed alcohol molecules occurs. This new microporous hybrid is a very promising candidate for applications in smart photonic devices, sensors, and catalysis.
Modeling and data-driven parameter estimation for woven fabrics (2017)

Accurate estimation of mechanical parameters for simulation of woven fabrics is essential in many fields. To facilitate this we first present a new orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive model for woven fabrics. Next, we design an experimental protocol for characterizing real fabrics based on commercially available tests. Finally, we create a method for accurately fitting the material parameters to the experimental data. The last step is accomplished by solving inverse problems based on a Catmull-Clark subdivision finite element discretization of the Kirchhoff-Love equations for thin shells. Using this approach we are able to reproduce the fully nonlinear behavior corresponding to the captured data with a small number of parameters while maintaining all fundamental invariants from continuum mechanics. The resulting constitutive model can be used with any discretization (e.g., simple triangle meshes) and not just subdivision finite elements. We illustrate the entire process with results for five types of fabric and compare photo reference of the real fabrics to the simulated equivalents.