gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infliximab for pediatric Crohn's disease (2008)

The natural history of Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by recurrent flares combined with periods of inactive disease. The goal of therapy should be to induce and maintain clinical remission, to strive for endoscopic healing of the intestinal mucosa and to improve the quality of life. The nineties have been characterized by the introduction of biological therapies designed to block or neutralize pro-inflammatory cytokines which play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Biologic treatment with the anti-human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody infliximab has dramatically changed the therapeutic approach even in pediatric patients. Numerous studies are available and report the beneficial effect of infliximab in pediatric CD patients with moderate to severe disease, refractory and steroid-dependent patients. The safety profile of infliximab is overall favorable although continued vigilance, especially for the occurrence of infrequent but serious events, including opportunistic infection and lymphomas, remains necessary.
In vitro activities of rifabutin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, ethambutol, and amikacin in combinations of two, three, and four drugs against Mycobacterium avium (1996)

Multidrug therapy is recommended for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteremia in patients with AIDS. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, clofazimine, and amikacin have all been suggested for use in treating MAC bacteremia, but the most active combinations of these drugs have not been identified, nor has the minimum number of drugs needed for effective therapy been determined. To address the former, the in vitro bactericidal activities of all two-, three-, and four-drug combinations of these seven agents was determined by using 10 blood-derived strains of MAC isolated from patients with AIDS. The activities of the 132 drug combinations were compared by statistical analysis of survival means (analysis of variance) and further evaluated by determining the percentage of strains considered susceptible to each combination. When susceptibility was defined as a decrease in CFU of > or = 2 log10, no two- or three-drug combination and only two four-drug combinations were active against all 10 MAC strains. When a less stringent definition was applied (> or = 1 log10 decrease in CFU), 1 two-drug combinations, 9 three-drug combinations, and 31 four-drug combinations showed activity against all 10 strains. Eighteen selected drug combinations were also tested for intracellular activity in MAC-infected J774 cells. Combinations which contained amikacin as a component were considerably less active against intracellular MAC organisms than against organisms in broth. The opposite result was obtained for the combination of clarithromycin plus clofazimine.
OS0106 Study on correlation between the fatigue strength of paper-based friction materials and damage behavior (2012)

The fatigue tests under the out-of-plane compressive and slight tensile loading are conducted in order to investigate the fatigue strength of paper-based friction materials and evaluate the influence of the constituents of friction materials on fatigue strength. The out-of-plane compressive tests are also carried out to evaluate damage behavior of friction materials. The cross-section of the materials is observed by scanning electron microscope in order to evaluate damage evolution in microstructure of the material. The constituents of the friction materials are aramid, cellulose and phenolic resin. From the static and fatigue tests, the fatigue strength of the friction materials decreases with increasing the number of cycles. The static and fatigue strengths of the friction material composed of aramid fiber and phenolic resin are higher than that of the friction material composed of cellulose fiber and phenolic resin. From the out-of-plane compressive tests, the damage evolution, such as crack initiation and fiber breakage, is observed. The damage ratio of the cellulose-based friction material is higher than aramid-based friction material. The damage behavior of the friction materials under the out-of-plane compressive loading may affect the fatigue strength of the friction materials.
Postoperative Hypoxemia Is Common and Persistent (2015)

Hypoxemia was common and prolonged in hospitalized patients recovering from noncardiac surgery. The SpO2 values recorded in medical records seriously underestimated the severity of postoperative hypoxemia.
EACTS guideline on antiplatelet and anticoagulation management in cardiac surgery (2008)

1. T he ACC/AHA guidelines 2006 recommend the addition of aspirin 75—100 mg once daily to therapeutic warfarin for all patients with mechanical heart valves and those patients with biological valves who have risk factors (Level of Class I, Evidence: B) [2]. The ACCP 2008 guidelines recommend the addition of ASA only in patients with mechanical valves and additional factors for thromboembolism (AF, hypercoagulable state or low ejection fraction) (grade 1B). 2. T
Compatibilization and properties of SAN/EPDM blends with the addition of coagents (2008)

Abstract SAN and EPDM are not miscible. In this work, the dry blending of SAN and EPDM using Centrex (acrylonitrile/EPDM/styrene graft copolymer) and EPMMA (EPDM‐ g ‐Mah) as coagents was studied. Centrex content was used at 6–20 wt %. EPMMA content in the mixture was 20 wt %. The effects of coagent type and content on the mechanical properties and morphology were investigated. SEM micrographs of SAN/EPDM/Centrex and SAN/EPDM/EPMMA blends showed that both Centrex and EPMMA have an effective role in forming a finer morphology. For the ternary blends, the addition of coagent resulted in a significant reduction in the size of the dispersed phase. The mechanical properties of SAN/EPDM/coagent blends were improved significantly in comparison to the simple SAN/EPDM blends. SAN/EPDM/Centrex blends showed higher stress‐at‐break and SAN/EPDM/EPMMA blends showed higher impact strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Multidimensional B-spline parameterization of the detection probability of the PET scanner Biograph 16 using GATE (2009)

GATE (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography) is a widespread, well validated and very versatile application for Monte Carlo simulations in emission tomography. It allows very detailed simulations of positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanners using the general purpose Monte Carlo code Geant4. We present a method to accelerate GATE simulations when on the one hand the detection probability in the different crystals needs to be computed accurately taking into account the complex geometry of the detection system and on the other hand information on photon statistics is not required. The simulation is split into two parts. Inside the scanner (phantom or voxelized patient) the particles are tracked conventionally. When a particle leaves the phantom, the particle is transported to a virtual boundary that replaces the detection system in the simulation and the detection probability is calculated analytically by evaluating a multi-dimensional B-spline function taking into account the state of the photon on this virual border (position, incident angles, energy). The B-spline function itself is calculated by performing a conventional Monte Carlo simulation. This ¿pre¿-simulation needs to be performed only once for each scanner type. The presented method was tested by simulating the PET scanner Biograph HiREZ and using a realistic voxelized attenuation phantom. The results show good agreement between conventional GATE simulations and simulations using the B-spline. The simulations could be accelerated by a factor of around 23 yielding the same statistical accuracy.
Enhanced Integrated Characterization of a Complex Naturally Fractured Reservoir using Mud Logs, 3D Seismic and Performance Data (2016)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study for estimation of reserves in a highly complex naturally fractured reservoir off the Coast of California. The fractured reservoir at the Point Arguello Field, consisting of the siliceous rocks of the Monterey Formation, has produced more than 187 million barrels of oil during the last three decades primarily from fractures intersecting the extended reach and directionally drilled wells. This study was conducted to assess the economic viability of continuing production of the field and economic incentives for maintaining operations at the three existing offshore production platforms. In our study we examined the remaining reserves from the fracture controlled production and scrutinized the potential contribution of the tight matrix to primary recovery and for EOR processes. In this integrated and comprehensive study, we used a new interpretation of 3D seismic data, re-visited extensive mud log data, prepared diagnostic plots of performance data and incorporated conventional logs, DST and core data to characterize the production system. From the analysis of GOR, WOR, and 3D seismic we identified 10 separate compartments and related the vast differences observed in well productivities to the compartment size, degree of fracturing and behavior of water influx. We also developed common sense reservoir forecasting solutions to examine the potential application of CO2 injection for extracting oil from the tight matrix. The economic forecasting indicates substantial opportunities by managing water influx, exploiting bypassed intervals by new perforations, and drilling infill wells in blocks using volumetric curvature analysis data. Lessons learned show the definitive significance of integrated reservoir characterization, importance of mud logs and 3D seismic, and fault characterization for defining compartments, and potential applications to other similarly fractured reservoirs.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC REACTIONS AT HIGH PRESSURE. CONJUGATE ADDITIONS OF O‐SILYLATED KETENE ACETALS TO ACTIVATED ENONES (1984)

Abstract O‐Silyl‐ketenacetale (Ia) und (Ib) werden mit aktivierten Enonen wie (II), (V)‐(VIII) in 1,4‐Addukte übergeführt, wobei die Erhöhung des Druckes auf 15 kbar eine wesentliche Ausbeutesteigerung bringen kann.
How to construct a monocusp valve. (2000)

Construction of a monocusp is an easy procedure that adds little, if any time to routine transannular patching of the right ventricular outflow tract. It also adds little cost to the operation when constructed from autologous pericardium. The monocusp's utility in preventing or lessening the impact of pulmonary regurgitation in the early postoperative period has been demonstrated. Its utility as a long-term pulmonary valve substitute will need to await longer-term clinical follow-up currently underway at our institution and others.
Faster Valuation of Financial Derivatives (1995)

High-dimensional integrals are usually solved with Monte Carlo algorithms although theory suggests that low-discrepancy algorithms are sometimes superior. We report on numerical testing which compares low-discrepancy and Monte Carlo algorithms on the evaluation of financial derivatives. The testing is performed on a Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO) which is formulated as the computation of ten integrals of dimension up to 360. We tested two low-discrepancy algorithms (Sobol and Halton) and two randomized algorithms (classical Monte Carlo and Monte Carlo combined with antithetic variables). We conclude that for this CMO the Sobol algorithm is always superior to the other algorithms. We believe that it will be advantageous to use the Sobol algorithm for many other types of financial derivatives. Our conclusion regarding the superiority of the Sobol algorithm also holds when a rather small number of sample points are used, an important case in practice. We have built a software system called FINDER for computing high-dimensional integrals. FINDER runs on a heterogeneous network of workstations under PVM 3.2 (Parallel Virtual Machine). Since workstations are ubiquitous, this is a cost-effect way to do large computations fast. The measured speedup is at least .9N for $N$ workstations, $N$ less than or equal to 25. The software can also be used to compute high-dimensional integrals on a single workstation. A routine for generating Sobol points may be found, for example, in Numerical Recipes in C by Press et al. However, we incorporated major improvements in FINDER and we stress that the results reported in this paper were obtained using FINDER. One of the improvements was developing the table of primitive polynomials and initial direction numbers for dimensions up to 360.
Super-simple simultaneous single-ballot risk-limiting audits (2010)

Simultaneous risk-limiting audits of a collection of contests have a known minimum chance of leading to a full hand count if the outcome of any of those contests is wrong. Risk-limiting audits are generally performed in stages. Each stage involves drawing a sample of ballots, comparing a hand count of the votes on those ballots with the original count, and assessing the evidence that the original outcomes agree with the outcomes that a full hand count would show. If the evidence is sufficiently strong, the audit can stop; if not, more ballots are counted by hand and the new evidence is assessed. This paper derives simple rules to determine how many ballots must be audited to allow a simultaneous risk-limiting audit to stop at the first stage if the error rate in the sample is sufficiently low. The rules are of the form “audit at least ρ/µ ballots selected at random. ” The value of ρ depends on the simultaneous risk limit and the amount of error to be tolerated in the first stage without expanding the audit. It can be calculated once and for all without knowing anything about the contests. The number µ is the “diluted margin”: the smallest margin of victory in votes among the contests, divided by the total number of ballots cast across all the contests. The initial sample size does not depend on any details of the contests, just the diluted margin. This is far simpler than previous methods. For instance, suppose we are auditing a collection of contests at simultaneous risk limit 10%. In all, N ballots were cast in those contests. The smallest margin is V votes: The diluted margin is µ = V/N. We want the audit to stop at the first stage provided the fraction of ballots in the sample that overstated the margin of some winner over some loser by one vote is no more than µ/2 and no ballot overstates any margin by two votes. Then an initial sample of 15.2/µ ballots suffices. If the sample shows any two-vote overstatements or more than 7 ballots with one-vote overstatements, more sampling might be required, depending on which margins have errors. If so, simple rules that involving only addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be used to determine when to stop. 1
Application of Mass Spectrometry in Proteomics (2005)

Mass spectrometry has arguably become the core technology in proteomics. The application of mass spectrometry based techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of global proteome samples derived from complex mixtures has had a big impact in the understanding of cellular function. Here, we give a brief introduction to principles of mass spectrometry and instrumentation currently used in proteomics experiments. In addition, recent developments in the application of mass spectrometry in proteomics are summarised. Strategies allowing high-throughput identification of proteins from highly complex mixtures include accurate mass measurement of peptides derived from total proteome digests and multidimensional peptide separations coupled with mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometric analysis of intact proteins permits the characterisation of protein isoforms. Recent developments in stable isotope labelling techniques and chemical tagging allow the mass spectrometry based differential display and quantitation of proteins, and newly established affinity procedures enable the targeted characterisation of post-translationally modified proteins. Finally, advances in mass spectrometric imaging allow the gathering of specific information on the local molecular composition, relative abundance and spatial distribution of peptides and proteins in thin tissue sections.
Power distribution analysis in the international monetary fund (2008)

In this paper we propose a model for taking into account International Monetary Fund (IMF) mebers’ preferences to coalesce based on joint membership in political end economic organizations beyond the IMF and on regional proximity. The analysis of members’ effective power is carried out on the base of developed power indices for three variations of decision making thresholds implemented in the Fund.
Highly efficient green organic light emitting diode with a novel solution processable iridium complex emitter (2013)

We demonstrate a high-efficiency green organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a solution-processed emissive layer composed of a novel green light emitting iridium complex, bis [5-methyl-8-trifluoromethyl-5H-benzo(c) (1,5)naphthyridin-6-one]iridium(pyrazinecarboxylate). By coupling with a proper host, the green device shows at 1000 cd m−2 an external quantum efficiency of 23.8%, current efficiency of 95.6 cd A−1, and efficacy of 60.8 lm W−1, the highest among all reported OLEDs with a solution-processed emissive layer. The high efficiency may be attributed to the host possessing a zero electron injection barrier, resulting in a more balanced carrier-injection.
Host Plants of the Boll Weevil12 (1975)

Journal Article Host Plants of the Boll Weevil Get access W. H. Cross, W. H. Cross 3 Boll Weevil Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Miss. State. MS 39762. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Lukefahr, M. J. Lukefahr 4 Southwestern Cotton Insects Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Brownsville. IX 78520. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. A. Fryxell, P. A. Fryxell 5 Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Dept. of Soil and Crop Sci., Texas A & M Univ., College Station 77843. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. R. Burke H. R. Burke 6 Dept. of Entomology, Texas A & M Univ., College Station 77843. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 4, Issue 1, 1 February 1975, Pages 19–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/4.1.19 Published: 01 February 1975 Article history Received: 25 July 1974 Published: 01 February 1975
Implications of Permeation through Intrinsic Defects in Graphene on the Design of Defect-Tolerant Membranes for Gas Separation (2014)

Gas transport through intrinsic defects and tears is a critical yet poorly understood phenomenon in graphene membranes for gas separation. We report that independent stacking of graphene layers on a porous support exponentially decreases flow through defects. On the basis of experimental results, we develop a gas transport model that elucidates the separate contributions of tears and intrinsic defects on gas leakage through these membranes. The model shows that the pore size of the porous support and its permeance critically affect the separation behavior, and reveals the parameter space where gas separation can be achieved regardless of the presence of nonselective defects, even for single-layer membranes. The results provide a framework for understanding gas transport in graphene membranes and guide the design of practical, selectively permeable graphene membranes for gas separation.
Integrating Costimulatory Agonists to Optimize Immune-Based Cancer Therapies (2009)

While immunotherapy for cancer has become increasingly popular, clinical benefits for such approaches remain limited. This is likely due to tumor-associated immune suppression, particularly in the advanced-disease setting. Thus, a major goal of novel immunotherapeutic design has become the coordinate reversal of existing immune dysfunction and promotion of specific tumoricidal T-cell function. Costimulatory members of the TNF-receptor family are important regulators of T-cell-mediated immunity. Notably, agonist ligation of these receptors restores potent antitumor immunity in the tumor-bearing host. Current Phase I/II evaluation of TNF-receptor agonists as single-modality therapies will illuminate their safety, mechanism(s) of action, and best use in prospective combinational immunotherapy approaches capable of yielding superior benefits to cancer patients.
Electronic Structure and Valence-Bond Band Structure of Cuprate Superconducting Materials (1988)

From ab initio calculations on various clusters representing the La2-xSrxCu(1)O(4) and Y(1)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(7) classes of high-temperature superconductors, it is shown that (i) all copper sites have a Cu(II)(d(9))oxidation state with one unpaired spin that is coupled antiferromagnetically to the spins of adjacent Cu(II) sites; (ii) oxidation beyond the cupric (Cu(II)) state leads not to Cu(III) but rather to oxidized oxygen atoms, with an oxygen ppi hole bridging two Cu(II) sites; (iii) the oxygen ppihole at these oxidized sites is ferromagnetically coupled to the adjacent Cu(II)d electrons despite the fact that this is opposed by the direct dd exchange; and (iv) the hopping of these oxygen ppi holes (in CuO sheets or chains) from site to site is responsible for the conductivity in these systems (N-electron band structures are reported for the migration of these localized charges).
Effect of magnesium dihydroxide nanoparticles on thermal degradation and flame resistance of PMMA nanocomposites (2010)

Abstract The influence of magnesium dihydroxide (MDH) nanoparticles on thermal degradation and fire behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, and pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) tests, respectively. MDH nanoparticles with either lamellar or fibrous shape have been synthesized via a sol‐gel technique and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction analysis. PMMA–MDH nanocomposites have been prepared by melt blending the recovered MDH nanoparticles within PMMA at different loadings (5, 10, and 20 wt% MDH). According to TGA results, the incorporation of lamellar or fibrous MDH nanoparticles into PMMA leads to a significant improvement in PMMA thermal stability, both under air and inert atmosphere. The results obtained by PCFC and cone calorimeter tests show an important decrease in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) concomitant with charring during the combustion. Lamellar MDH nanoparticles were found to be more efficient than fibrous MDH nanoparticles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Naturally Derived Small Molecule Disrupts Ligand-Dependent and Ligand-Independent Androgen Receptor Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 189K, Effect of mahanine on various androgen-regulated genes quantified by semi-quantitative PCR.&lt;/p&gt;
Threat-based evaluation for context-aware multimedia surveillance system (2014)

Multimedia surveillance has become commonplace and getting increasingly intelligent in recent years. The technological advances in computer-vision techniques help to detect suspicious movement and identify objects. Meanwhile, as surveillance system is getting more sophisticated, the risk of privacy intrusion also increases. Various researches regards privacy protection have been done in multimedia surveillance, however, the implementations in current security systems is limited compared with the surveillance technology. In this paper, a context-aware multimedia surveillance system with threat-based service selection method is proposed. We use pre-defined context to recognize activities and identify different behaviors from multimedia streams. The Analytic Hierarchy Process approach is applied to help user to analyze the services. A user preferred multimedia surveillance service which achieves a desired trade-off between security, privacy and cost is provided automatically.