gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear limit of alternative method to 2 × 2 MIMO for LTE RoF system (2014)

Owing to the limited cell size of eNodeB (eNB), the relay node has emerged as an attractive solution for the long‐term evolution (LTE) system. The nonlinear limit of the alternative method to multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) based on frequency division multiplexing (FDM) for orthogonal FDM (OFDM) is analysed over varying transmission spans. In this reported work, it is shown that the degradation pattern over the linear, intermixing and nonlinear propagation regions is consistent for the 2 and the 2.6 GHz bands. The proposed bands experienced a linear increase in the error vector magnitude (EVM) for both the linear and the nonlinear regions proportional to the increasing transmission spans. In addition, an optical launch power between −2 and 2 dBm achieved a significantly lower EVM than the LTE limit of 8% for the 10–60 km spans.
Recovering the functional form of the slow-and-smooth prior in global motion perception (2010)

Human motion perception has been proposed as a rational system for combining noisy measurements with prior expectations. An essential goal is to find means to experimentally discover prior distributions used by the human visual system. We aim to infer the functional form of motion prior from human performance. Stimuli consisted of 144 gratings with random orientations. Drifting velocities for signal gratings were determined by global motion, whereas those for noise gratings were randomly assigned. Observers were asked to discriminate global motion directions between a reference and a testing stimulus. In session 1, human performance was measured at ten different coherence levels, with a fixed angular difference between reference and testing direction. Session 2 measured performance but for ten angular differences with 0.7 coherence ratio. The priors included slowness, first-order and second-order smoothness. We focused on two functional forms for prior distributions: L2-norm (corresponding to Gaussian distribution) and L1-norm regularization (approximating Student's t distribution, whose shape has heavier tails than Gaussian). The weights of the three prior terms were estimated for each functional form to maximize the fit to human performance in the first experimental session. We found that the motion prior in the form of the Student's t distribution provided better agreement with human performance than did Gaussian priors. The recovered functional form of motion prior is consistent with objective statistics measured in natural environment. In addition, large weight values were found for the second-order smoothness terms, indicating the importance of high-order smoothness preference in motion perception. Further validation used the fitted model to predict observer performance in the second experimental session. The average accuracy difference between humans and model across ten experimental levels ranged within 3%∼8% for five subjects. This excellent predictive power demonstrates the fruitfulness of this approach.
A Comparison of Model Selection Metrics in DataShop. (2013)

Variations of cognitive models drive many instructional decisions that intelligent tutoring systems currently make. A better knowledge component model will yield better instruction, but how do we identify better cognitive models? One answer has been to create a latent variable version of a cognitive model or a so-called knowledge component (KC) model, then compare different models by how well they predict student performance data. In this research we analyze 1,943 proposed KC models that exist in DataShop
Smart Homes Coalition Based on Game Theory (2018)

The integration of smart meter infrastructure helps in bidirectional coordination and is used to gather huge amount of data. It helps in forecasting the power demand and generation. This further helps the energy management units to plan and take the efficient decisions for flexible power demand. However, still there is a chance of fluctuation in consumers' power demand. It requires an efficient solution that can manage the real time scenario. In this work, a game theory based coalition system for energy management is proposed where each home is considered as a player and intensive as slack power. This slack energy will be distributed among the homes using Shapley value that evenly distribute the power according to demand. Experimental results show that 14.2kW extra power is saved and distributed among homes different home during the different spans of the day.
Adjuvant C hemotherapy f or A dult S oft T issue S arcomas o f the E xtremities a nd G irdles: R esults o f t he I talian Randomized C ooperative T rial (2001)

Purpose: Adjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma is controversial because previous trials reported conflicting results. The present study was designed with restricted selection criteria and high dose-intensities of the two most active chemotherapeutic agents. Patients and Methods: Patients between 18 and 65 years of age with grade 3 to 4 spindle-cell sarcomas (primary diameter > 5 cm or any size recurrent tumor) in extremities or girdles were eligible. Stratification was by primary versus recurrent tumors and by tumor diameter greater than or equal to 10 cm versus less than 10 cm. One hundred four patients were randomized, 51 to the control group and 53 to the treatment group (five cycles of 4'-epidoxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 days 1 and 2 and ifosfamide 1.8 g/m 2 days 1 through 5, with hydration, mesna, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Results: After a median follow-up of 59 months, 60 patients had relapsed and 48 died (28 and 20 in the treatment arm and 32 and 28 in the control arm, respectively). The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 48 months in the treatment group and 16 months in the control group (P 5 .04); and the median overall survival (OS) was 75 months for treated and 46 months for untreated patients (P 5 .03). For OS, the absolute benefit deriving from chemotherapy was 13% at 2 years and increased to 19% at 4 years (P 5 .04). Conclusion: Intensified adjuvant chemotherapy had a positive impact on the DFS and OS of patients with high-risk extremity soft tissue sarcomas at a median follow-up of 59 months. Therefore, our data favor an intensified treatment in similar cases. Although cure is still difficult to achieve, a significant delay in death is worthwhile, also considering the short duration of treatment and the absence of toxic deaths. J Clin Oncol 19:1238-1247. © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Intelligent clearinghouse: electronic marketplace with computer-mediated negotiation supports (1996)

We propose an intelligent clearinghouse system, an electronic marketplace with computer mediated negotiation supports. Most existing electronic market systems support relatively stable markets: traders are not allowed to revise their bids and offers during the market transaction. The intelligent clearinghouse addresses dynamic markets where buyers and sellers are willing to change their utilities as market conditions evolve. Traders in dynamic markets may suffer a significant loss if they fail to execute transactions promptly. The clearinghouse enables traders to compromise their original utilities to avoid transaction failures. The paper describes the foundation of the clearinghouse system and discusses its trading mechanism, including its order matching method and negotiation support capabilities.
Closing the Door for Dark Photons as the Explanation for the Muon g-2 Anomaly (2014)

581 authors, 17 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Science. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html ; see paper for full list of authors
Gel electrophoretic detection of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 7, 8- dihydro-8-oxoadenine via oxidation by Ir (IV) (1998)

Two gel electrophoretic methods are described for detection of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine based on their further oxidation with one-electron oxidants including IrCl62-and IrBr62-. The products of nucleobase oxidation lead to enhanced piperidine-sensitive cleavage and to highly visible stop points in a primer extension assay. 8-oxoG and 8-oxoA lesions may be distinguished by the latter's inability to be oxidized by IrBr62-compared to IrCl62-Comparison is also made to oxidation by MnO4-.
Activity of 1,3-β-D-Glucan Synthase Requires the GTP-binding Protein Rho1 (1996)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the family of RHO genes are implicated in the control of morphogenetic events although the molecular targets of these GTP-binding proteins remain largely unknown. The activity of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, the product of which is essential for cell wall integrity, is regulated by a GTP-binding protein, which we here present evidence to be Rho1p. Rho1p was found to copurify with Fks1p, a glucan synthase subunit, in preparations of the enzyme purified by product entrapment and was also shown to be depleted by a detergent extraction procedure known to remove the GTP-binding regulatory component. Specific ADP-ribosylation of Rho1p by exoenzyme C3 inactivates glucan synthase activity specified by FKS1 and FKS2 as demonstrated in membrane preparations from fks2 and fks1 deletion strains, respectively, and in the purified enzyme containing Fks1p. Rho1p and Fks1p were co-immunoprecipitated from purified glucan synthase under conditions that maintained enzyme activity in the immunoprecipitate. Putative Rho homologs were also identified and implicated in the regulation of glucan synthase activity from Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans, and Cryptococcus neoformans by ribosylation studies. The regulation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity by RHO1 is consistent with its observed role in morphogenetic control and osmotic integrity.
Temperature dependence of graphene and N-doped graphene for gas sensor applications (2017)

We report the response of graphene and N-doped graphene to ethanol vapor as gas sensors with varying the concentration of ethanol and temperature of graphene. Graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on copper foils and then was transferred to a glass slide by chemical etching. N-doped graphene was produced by annealing graphene in ammonia atmosphere. Results showed the response of both graphene and N-doped graphene are at low level up to 2.4%. The response of graphene increases with temperature up to 1.15%, but that of N-doped graphene decreases down to 0.30%. We proposed that the absorbed oxygen and nitrogen detachment are the key factors for the temperature dependence of the response of graphene and N-doped graphene, respectively.
TXNIP Regulates Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Innate Immunity by Inhibiting IFN-γ Production during Bacterial Infection (2020)

The function of natural killer (NK) cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expands to remove pathogens by increasing the ability of innate immune cells. Here, we identified the critical role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in the production of IFN-γ in NK cells during bacterial infection. TXNIP inhibited the production of IFN-γ and the activation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity in primary mouse and human NK cells. TXNIP directly interacted with TAK1 and inhibited TAK1 activity by interfering with the complex formation between TAK1 and TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1). <i>Txnip</i><sup>-/-</sup> (KO) NK cells enhanced the activation of macrophages by inducing IFN-γ production during Pam3CSK4 stimulation or Staphylococcus aureus (<i>S. aureus</i>) infection and contributed to expedite the bacterial clearance. Our findings suggest that NK cell-derived IFN-γ is critical for host defense and that TXNIP plays an important role as an inhibitor of NK cell-mediated macrophage activation by inhibiting the production of IFN-γ during bacterial infection.
Electrical Imaging Of Engineered Hydraulic Barriers (1999)

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was used to image the full scale test&lt;br&gt;emplacement of a thin-wall grout barrier installed by high pressure jetting. ERT was also&lt;br&gt;used to monitor the waterflood of a thin-wall grout barrier to vertfy its hydraulic integrety.&lt;br&gt;Both case studies were done by comparing images of electrical resistivity before and after a&lt;br&gt;change was induced in the subsurhace. Barrier materials or flood water were imaged as&lt;br&gt;anomalies which were more electrically conducting than the native sandy soils at the test&lt;br&gt;sites. Although the spatial resolution of the ERT was not sufficient to resolve flaws in the&lt;br&gt;barrier under construction smaller than a reconstruction voxel(50 cm on a side), the images&lt;br&gt;did show the spatial extent of the barrier materials and therefore the general shape of the&lt;br&gt;structure.
Enhance seismic interferometry signal using an adaptive FK filter (2009)

An adaptive FK filter is implemented to enhance reflectivity extracted from ambient noise data. As proved by the application to synthetic noise data, this technique can significantly reduce the time length needed to extract reflectors.
Evaluation of Chokeberry/Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels with the Addition of Disaccharides: DART-TOF/MS and HPLC-DAD Analysis (2022)

With the growing awareness of the importance of a healthy diet, the need for the development of novel formulations is also on the rise. Chokeberry products are popular among consumers since they are a rich source of polyphenols that are responsible for antioxidant activity and other positive effects on human health. However, other natural food ingredients, such as disaccharides, can affect their stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of disaccharides addition on the polyphenol composition of chokeberry hydrogels. Hydrogels were prepared from chokeberry juice and 2% of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with the addition of 30%, 40%, or 50% of disaccharides (sucrose or trehalose). Samples were analyzed using DART-TOF/MS. The method was optimized, and the fingerprints of the mass spectra have been statistically processed using PCA analysis. Prepared samples were evaluated for total polyphenols, monomeric anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH, ABTS assays) using spectrophotometric methods. Individual polyphenols were evaluated using HPLC-DAD analysis. Results showed the addition of disaccharides to 2% CMC hydrogels caused a decrease of total polyphenols. These findings confirm proper formulation is important to achieve appropriate retention of polyphenols.
Chloroacetamide-Linked Nucleotides and DNA for Cross-Linking with Peptides and Proteins (2016)

Nucleotides, 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), and DNA probes bearing reactive chloroacetamido group linked to nucleobase (cytosine or 7-deazadaenine) through a propargyl tether were prepared and tested in cross-linking with cysteine- or histidine-containing peptides and proteins. The chloroacetamide-modifed dNTPs proved to be good substrates for DNA polymerases in the enzymatic synthesis of modified DNA probes. Modified nucleotides and DNA reacted efficiently with cysteine and cysteine-containing peptides, whereas the reaction with histidine was sluggish and low yielding. The modified DNA efficiently cross-linked with p53 protein through alkylation of cysteine and showed potential for cross-linking with histidine (in C277H mutant of p53).
Utilization of Bt Corn Hybrids in Growing Beef Steers (2001)

Two trials were completed to evaluate the efficacy of Bt corn hybrids for growing steers. After grain harvest, trial 1 used two fields of N7333 Bt and nonBt corn to evaluate grazing performance and preference of growing steers. Trial 2 compared early and late maturing varieties (N4242 and N7333, respectively) of Bt and nonBt corn hybrids in corn silage-based growing diets. No differences in performance or grazing preference were observed between N7333 Bt or nonBt residue. Steers fed corn silage from hybrids N4242 gained 11% faster (P>.01) and were 7% more efficient (P>.01) than those fed N7333 hybrids. Effects of the Bt trait in the corn silage growing study were inconsistent between hybrids.
Calories, parity, and prolactin influence mammary epithelial kinetics and differentiation and alter mouse mammary tumor risk. (1993)

Reduced calorie intake (RCI) suppresses mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) transcription and reduces mammary tumor (MT) incidence in C3H/Ou mice. Since efficient retroviral expression requires cell division, we investigated whether the suppression of MMTV and MT by RCI reflects changes in mammary histogenesis and lowered epithelial kinetics. Prolactin (PRL) augments MMTV transcription. Since PRL levels may be lowered by RCI, we evaluated whether lowered PRL in ad libitum-fed mice alters mammary histogenesis and MT incidence in a manner comparable to RCI. Pregnancy augments MMTV transcription. Hence, we also determined the effect of parity on mammary histogenesis, kinetics, and MT risk. One hundred thirty-five C3H/Ou mice were fed ad libitum or a RCI level and separated into six experimental groups. Twenty ad libitum-fed mice were injected with a dopaminomimetic to lower PRL, and 20 RCI mice were engrafted with adenohypophyses to elevate PRL. Twenty-seven ad libitum-fed mice and twenty-eight RCI mice experienced a single parturition. RCI protected nulliparous (P = 0.0001) and parous mice (P = 0.005) from MT development. Reduced calories or lowered PRL with ad libitum feeding similarly influenced mammary histogenesis, kinetics and MT risk (P > 0.5). Mammary glands of RCI mice or of ad libitum-fed mice with lowered PRL were histologically comparable and principally ductular with a low DNA-labeling index (DNA-LI) (P < 0.001). In contrast, the parenchyma of ad libitum-fed mice or of RCI mice with elevated PRL had exuberant alveoli formation, an elevated DNA-LI (P < 0.001), and preneoplastic lesions. Parity did not change the elevated DNA-LI and MT risk of ad libitum-fed mice but increased the mammary DNA-LI (P < 0.001) and MT incidence (P = 0.01) of RCI mice. Prevention of mammary tumorigenesis in C3H/Ou mice by RCI may result from modulated serum PRL activity and reduced mammary epithelial kinetics which suppress MMTV transcription and minimize the risk of activating protooncogenes.
Clinical outcomes according to lesion complexity in high bleeding risk patients treated with 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy following PCI: Analysis from the Onyx ONE clear study (2021)

Higher rates of ischemic outcomes in complex PCI patients were largely explained by baseline clinical differences, rather than lesion complexity, among HBR patients treated with 1-month DAPT following PCI with Resolute Onyx ZES.
pH Dependence of Stability of Staphylococcal Nuclease:  Evidence of Substantial Electrostatic Interactions in the Denatured State (2000)

The pH dependence of stability of staphylococcal nuclease was studied with two independent equilibrium thermodynamic approaches. First, by measurement of stability in the pH range 9 to 3.5 by fluorescence-monitored denaturation with urea (Delta), GdnHCl (Delta), and heat (Delta). Second, by numerical integration of H(+) titration curves (Delta) measured potentiometrically under native (100 mM KCl) and unfolding (6.0 M GdnHCl) conditions. The pH dependence of stability described by Delta, Delta, and Delta was comparable but significantly different from the one described by Delta. The decrease in Delta between pH 9 and pH 4 was 4 kcal/mol greater than the decrease in Delta, Delta, and Delta in the same pH range. In 6 M GdnHCl, all the ionizable groups titrated with the pK(a) values of model compounds. Therefore, Delta represents the free energy difference between the native state (N) and an ensemble of unstructured, or expanded, and highly screened conformations. In contrast, the shallower pH dependence of stability described by Delta and by Delta between pH 9 and 5 was consistent with the titration of histidines with depressed, nativelike pK(a) values in the denatured state (D). These depressed pK(a) values likely reflect long-range electrostatic interactions with the other 29 basic groups and are a consequence of the compact character of the D state. The steep change in Delta and Delta at pH < 5 suggests that near pH 5 the structural and thermodynamic character of the D state shifts toward a state in which acidic residues titrate with normal pK(a) values, presumably because the electrostatic interactions with basic residues are lost, maybe as a consequence of an expansion.
A roadmap to directed enzyme evolution and screening systems for biotechnological applications (2013)

Enzymes have been long used in man-made biochemical processes, from brewing and fermentation to current industrial production of fine chemicals. The ever-growing demand for enzymes in increasingly specific applications requires tailoring naturally occurring enzymes to the non-natural conditions found in industrial processes. Relationships between enzyme sequence, structure and activity are far from understood, thus hindering the capacity to design tailored biocatalysts. In the field of protein engineering, directed enzyme evolution is a powerful algorithm to generate and identify novel and improved enzymes through iterative rounds of mutagenesis and screening applying a specific evolutive pressure. In practice, critical checkpoints in directed evolution are: selection of the starting point, generation of the mutant library, development of the screening assay and analysis of the output of the screening campaign. Each step in directed evolution can be performed using conceptually and technically different approaches, all having inherent advantages and challenges. In this article, we present and discuss in a general overview, challenges of designing and performing a directed enzyme evolution campaign, current advances in methods, as well as highlighting some examples of its applications in industrially relevant enzymes.
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin and voglibose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled study (2010)

Vildagliptin (50 mg bid) showed superior efficacy and better tolerability compared with voglibose in Japanese patients with T2D.
Passive intermodulation analysis for mesh antennas (2015)

Passive Intermodulation (PIM) becomes a serious electromagnetic interference due to the development of high-sensitivity microwave communication systems, especially large deployable mesh antennas. In this paper, a 3D geometrical model which can describe the precise metal-metal contact is established. The metal-metal contact is described by a nonlinear equivalent circuit which is regarded as PIM source. Then the contact current is scattered to far-field, and PIM value of one meter quadrate mesh sample is evaluated, which agrees with the experiment result.