gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three enthesitis indices in a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of golimumab in ankylosing spondylitis (GO-RAISE) (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00265083.
Safety Barrier Certificates for Collisions-Free Multirobot Systems (2017)

This paper presents safety barrier certificates that ensure scalable and provably collision-free behaviors in multirobot systems by modifying the nominal controllers to formally satisfy safety constraints. This is achieved by minimizing the difference between the actual and the nominal controllers subject to safety constraints. The resulting computation of the safety controllers is done through a quadratic programming problem that can be solved in real-time and in this paper, we describe a series of problems of increasing complexity. Starting with a centralized formulation, where the safety controller is computed across all agents simultaneously, we show how one can achieve a natural decentralization whereby individual robots only have to remain safe relative to nearby robots. Conservativeness and existence of solutions as well as deadlock-avoidance are then addressed using a mixture of relaxed control barrier functions, hybrid braking controllers, and consistent perturbations. The resulting control strategy is verified experimentally on a collection of wheeled mobile robots whose nominal controllers are explicitly designed to make the robots collide.
MUSCULAR CONTRACTION FORCE AND MUSCLE FIBER CONDUCTION VELOCITY (1992)

The average conduction velocity of human skeletal muscle fibers measured with multicontact surface electrodes has been reported to increase with the muscular contraction force. This increase of the conduction velocity is considered to be a manifestation of the size principle of motor units: the larger motor units with higher recruitment thresholds tend to have higher conduction velocities. However, this increase was not observed in all the muscles studied. The present study is designed to further clarify this relationship between the contraction force and the average muscle fiber conduction velocity. The subjects were requested to track the force trajectory presented on a CRT screen. The force trajectory had three plateaus, which lasted 2s each and were connected by straight lines. The first and third plateaus of the force trajectory corresponded to the sustained contraction of 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), which was used as the reference. The second plateau corresponded to a variable target contraction force that was set at the four levels of 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% MVC. The biceps brachii, the tibialis anterior and the vastus lateralis of five healthy males were studied. The average muscle fiber conduction velocity was calculated by the cross-correlation between two myoelectric signals derived from positions 15mm apart along the muscle fibers. In some recordings, the conduction velocity at the 50% MVC after the target contraction decreased significantly from the velocity at the first 50% MVC reference contraction. This decrease was most prominent in the biceps brachii and is considered to be a manifestation of muscular fatigue. The recordings that showed no decrease of the conduction velocity after the target contraction indicated a positive correlation between the contraction force and the conduction velocity; that is, the conduction velocity had higher value during the contraction of larger force. This result indicates a tendency for the conduction velocity to increase with the contraction force, as previously reported, but the decrease of the velocity caused by muscular fatigue may hide this tendency.
The Preparation and Characterization of Nanometer NiO. (2003)

The Ni(OH) 2 precursor was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method from urea and NiCl 2·6H 2O. Then the nanometer NiO was obtained with annealing at high temperature. Thermo decomposition presses of Ni(OH) 2 precursor, microstructure, morphology, and the particle size of nanometer NiO were investigated by means of TG DTA, X ray powder diffraction(XRD), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).
Noncontact Accurate Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Activity Using a Compact Quadrature Doppler Radar Sensor (2014)

The designed sensor enables accurate reconstruction of chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and the algorithm enables estimation of respiration, heartbeat rate, and some indicators of heart rate variability (HRV). In particular, quadrature receiver and arctangent demodulation with calibration are introduced for high linearity representation of chest displacement; 24-bit ADCs with oversampling are adopted for radar baseband acquisition to achieve a high signal resolution; continuous-wavelet filter and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) based algorithm are applied for cardio/pulmonary signal recovery and separation so that accurate beat-to-beat interval can be acquired in time domain for HRV analysis. In addition, the wireless sensor is realized and integrated on a printed circuit board compactly. The developed sensor system is successfully tested on both simulated target and human subjects. In simulated target experiments, the baseband signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 73.27 dB, high enough for heartbeat detection. The demodulated signal has 0.35% mean squared error, indicating high demodulation linearity. In human subject experiments, the relative error of extracted beat-to-beat intervals ranges from 2.53% to 4.83% compared with electrocardiography (ECG) R-R peak intervals. The sensor provides an accurate analysis for heart rate with the accuracy of 100% for p = 2% and higher than 97% for p = 1%.
Correlation of sperm motility with mitochondrial enzymatic activities (1998)

Until now, little attention has been paid to the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to germinal tissue disorders. The target of this study was to investigate the relationship between sperm motility and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities. The results obtained showed that semen samples of control individuals (n = 33) have substantially higher activities of complexes I, II, and IV compared with those of asthenozoospermic subjects (n = 86). Moreover, a direct and positive correlation was found in the whole population studied between spermatozoa motility and all the mitochondrial respiratory complex activities assayed (I, II, I+III, II+III, and IV). The ratio of these enzymes to citrate synthase (a reliable enzymatic marker of mitochondrial volume) activities did not correlate with sperm motility. This suggests that motility depends largely on the mitochondrial volume within the sperm midpiece. These observations could be of physiopathological relevance because they suggest that factors affecting the mitochondrial energy production could be then responsible for particular cases of idiopathic asthenozoospermia.
Sn doping induced enhancement in the activity of ZnO nanostructures against antibiotic resistant S. aureus bacteria (2013)

Highly ionic metal oxide nanostructures are attractive, not only for their physiochemical properties but also for antibacterial activity. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are known to have inhibitory activity against many pathogens but very little is known about doping effects on it. The antibacterial activity of undoped ZnO and tin (Sn) doped ZnO nanostructures synthesized by a simple, versatile, and wet chemical technique have been investigated against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. It has been interestingly observed that Sn doping enhanced the inhibitory activity of ZnO against S. aureus more efficiently than the other two bacterial strains. From cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production studies it is found that Sn doping concentration in ZnO does not alter the cytotoxicity and ROS production very much. It has also been observed that undoped and Sn doped ZnO nanostructures are biosafe and biocompatible materials towards SH-SY5Y Cells. The observed behavior of ZnO nanostructures with Sn doping is a new way to prevent bacterial infections of S. aureus, especially on skin, when using these nanostructures in creams or lotions in addition to their sunscreen property as an ultraviolet filter. Structural investigations have confirmed the formation of a single phase wurtzite structure of ZnO. The morphology of ZnO nanostructures is found to vary from spherical to rod shaped as a function of Sn doping. The excitation absorption peak of ZnO is observed to have a blue shift, with Sn doping leading toward a significant tuning in band gap.
Two New Dammarane-Type Saponins from the Leaves of Panax ginseng (2009)

Two new dammarane-type saponins, named ginsenoside Ki (1a) and ginsenoside Km (1b), along with 15 known ones (2-16), were isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
WE‐E‐L100E‐01: PET CT Workshop — PET/CT Scanner Offering From Different Manufacturers (2007)

The objectives of this workshop are to provide an overview of the different commercially available PET/CT scanners and to gain the necessary knowledge of PET/CT QC/QA procedures as well as the criteria needed for PET scanner accreditation and acceptance testing. The first objective will be met during the first day whereby three presentations will be provided covering the PET/CT scanner offerings from GE Health Care, Siemens Medical Solutions, and Philips Medical Systems respectively. The presentations will focus on PET scanner design, performance, and capabilities and will be given by respective users of the equipment rather than representatives of the manufacturers. The second objective will be met during the second day of the workshop, whereby four speakers will discuss topics on PET/CT QC/QA procedures, PET NEMA acceptance testing, PET ACR accreditation, and PET site shielding calculations and requirements.
Higher Positive End-Expiratory Pressures Affect The Distribution Of Lung Inflammation During Spontaneous Breathing In An Experimental Model Of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2017)

Higher Positive End-Expiratory Pressures Affect The Distribution Of Lung Inflammation During Spontaneous Breathing In An Experimental Model Of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Measuring In Vivo Free Radical Production by the Outer Retina (2015)

Quench-assisted MRI is a feasible method for noninvasively measuring normal and pathologic production of free radicals in photoreceptors/RPE in vivo.
An object oriented multi-modality display and analysis system incorporating DICOM3 (2002)

Over the last few years there have been considerable changes in health care systems world wide. One of the reasons for these changes has been real advances in medical technology, particularly in relation to information technology. The authors address some of the key issues related to the implementation of such technology. The areas of information technology applied to health care where change is expected to be especially rapid are: transmission; data storage and retrieval. The current situation is that there is only limited transmission of data, images, text etc. between departments within a hospital. (The exceptions to this rule are a number of advanced clinical departments in major medical centres like Johns Hopkins and UCSF.) In the near future this will change with the more general introduction of local area networks i.e. picture archiving and communication systems or PACS. This will be extended to wide area networks (WANS) by the use of commercial telecommunications media.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A new approach to analysing spatial data using sparse grids (2003)

We describe in this paper a new data mining approach for the analysis of spatial data for environmental modelling. The sparse grids analysis system models the functional relationship between a set of predictor variables and a response variable by using a combination of easily computable functions defined on grids of varying mesh sizes in attribute space. The approach circumvents the so-called curse of dimensionality by using, instead of a costly high-dimensional grid a with a fine mesh size in every dimension, a collection of grids that are coarse along some dimensions but fine along others. Adaptive sparse grid regression and classification methods select combinations of grids that suit a particular data set. One advantage of the sparse grids approach from an environmental analysis perspective is that it uses machine learning approaches, and so can deal with correlated data, as are common in environmental problems. One advantage of the sparse grids approach from an environmental analysis perspective is that it uses machine learning approaches, and so can deal with correlated data, as is commonly the case with geographic data. They also require fewer degrees of freedom than do full grid models, allowing them to be applied to more datasets. The parameters defining the adaptive sparse grids can be used to interpret relationships in terms of scale and resolution. For example, the distribution of mesh points used in the set of lattices describes the complexity of the relationships present. It can be used to understand if the system is responding to fine scale variations (many mesh points used) or to gross patterns (few mesh points used). This is valuable information for environmental modelling.
Enriching table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids through dietary supplementation with the phototrophically grown green algae Nannochloropsis limnetica: effects of microalgae on nutrient retention, performance, egg characteristics and health parameters (2022)

The fatty acid content of microalgae, especially the high content of omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), could enrich eggs when fed to laying hens. Moreover, the properties and bioactive components of omega-3 fatty acids could positively influence the health and production performance of laying hens. In this study, the effects of dried Nannochloropsis limnetica inclusions in diets on yolk omega-3 fatty acid content, laying hen performance, nutrient retention, intestinal morphometry and systemic inflammatory markers were measured. A total of 240 twenty-five-wk-old laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatments distributed among 30 pens. Treatment A received the reference diet, while diets in treatments B, C, and D contained the control diet with 1, 2, and 3% microalgae added, respectively. In treatment E, a portion of ingredients of the control diet was replaced with rapeseed meal to induce a mild nutritional challenge, along with an inclusion of 3% microalgae. Compared to the control group the rate of lay increased by approximately 5% (P = 0.039) when birds were fed 2 or 3% microalgae. Furthermore, inclusion of 2 and 3% microalgae resulted in higher feed intake compared to the control group (126, 125, and 119 g/hen/d respectively; P = 0.001). Other performance parameters such as nutrient retention and egg characteristics were not affected by the dietary treatments. The EPA and DHA content of the yolk increased with increasing microalgae inclusion level (P < 0.001). A 2% algal inclusion resulted in 58.3 (EPA) and 603 (DHA) mg per 100 g dry yolk, respectively. Plasma haptoglobin levels of laying hens in both treatments receiving 3% microalgae were almost 3 times lower compared to the control group (1.25 and 1.62 vs. 5.60; P < 0.001), regardless of the inclusion of rapeseed in the diet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the inclusion of N. limnetica enriches the egg yolk without negatively affecting the performance of laying hens and egg characteristics. Due to the positive effect on feed intake, microalgae in the diet provide nutritional benefits for laying hens. However, the positive effects of microalgae, especially on the health of laying hens, warrants further research.
Geothrix (2015)

Abstract Ge'o.thrix. Gr. n. gê earth; Gr. fem. n. thrix hair; N.L. fem. n. Geothrix hair of earth, refers to the cell morphology under fumarate‐reducing conditions. Rod‐shaped cells 0.1 µm × 1–2 µm. Nonphotosynthetic. Nonsporeforming. Cells occur singly and in chains . Anaerobic , having an obligately anaerobic metabolism that can be either fermentative or respiratory using nitrate , Mn ( IV ), anthraquinone‐2 , 6‐disulfonate ( AQDS ), poorly crystalline iron ( III ) oxide , and iron ( III ) chelated with nitrilotriacetic acid [ Fe ( III )‐ NTA ] or citrate as alternative electron acceptors . Chemoorganotrophic. Growth on yeast extract and organic acids including acetate and lactate, but not on alcohols including ethanol. Capable of fermenting organic acids including citrate and fumarate. End products of citrate fermentation are acetate and succinate. Optimal growth is 35–40°C. No growth at or below 25°C. Nonmotile. Contains c ‐type cytochromes. DNA G + C content ( mol %): unknown. Type species : Geothrix fermentans Coates, Ellis, Gaw and Lovley 1999, 1620 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Geothrix is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Acidobacteriota / Holophagae / Holophagales / Holophagaceae / Geothrix The genus Geothrix can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Geothrix (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Acidobacteriota / c__Holophagae / o__Holophagales / f__Holophagaceae / g__Geothrix * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 ,
Stability of coreless vortices in ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (2007)

We study the energetic and dynamic stability of coreless vortices in nonrotated spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, trapped with a three-dimensional optical potential and a Ioffe-Pritchard field. The stability of stationary vortex states is investigated by solving the corresponding Bogoliubov equations. We show that the quasiparticle excitations corresponding to axisymmetric stationary states can be taken to be eigenstates of angular momentum in the axial direction. Our results show that coreless vortex states can occur as local or global minima of the condensate energy or become energetically or dynamically unstable depending on the parameters of the Ioffe-Pritchard field. The experimentally most relevant coreless vortex state containing a doubly quantized vortex in one of the hyperfine spin components turned out to have very nontrivial stability regions, and especially a quasiperiodic dynamic instability region which corresponds to splitting of the doubly quantized vortex.
A Method for Detecting Timing of Photodiode Saturation without In-Pixel TDC for High-Dynamic-Range CMOS Image Sensor (2021)

A method for detecting the timing of photodiode (PD) saturation without using an in-pixel time-to-digital converter (TDC) is proposed. Detecting PD saturation time is an approach to extend the dynamic range of a CMOS image sensor (CIS) without multiple exposures. In addition to accumulated charges in a PD, PD saturation time can be used as a signal related to light intensity. However, in previously reported CISs with detecting PD saturation time, an in-pixel TDC is used to detect and store PD saturation time. That makes the resolution of a CIS lower because an in-pixel TDC requires a large area. As for the proposed pixel circuit, PD saturation time is detected and stored as a voltage in a capacitor. The voltage is read and converted to a digital code by a column ADC after an exposure. As a result, an in-pixel TDC is not required. A signal-processing and calibration method for combining two signals, which are saturation time and accumulated charges, linearly are also proposed. Circuit simulations confirmed that the proposed method extends the dynamic range by 36 dB and its total dynamic range to 95 dB. Effectiveness of the calibration was also confirmed through circuit simulations.
Tripartite Inhibition of SRC-WNT-PKC Signalling Consolidates Human Naïve Pluripotency (2020)

Abstract Different conditions have been devised to isolate MEK/ERK signalling independent human naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that are distinct from conventional primed PSCs and better correspond to pre-implantation developmental stages. While the naïve conditions described thus far endow human PSCs with different extents of naivety features, isolating human pluripotent cells that retain characteristics of ground state pluripotency while maintaining differentiation potential and genetic integrity, remains a major challenge. Here we engineer reporter systems that allow functional screening for conditions that can endow both the molecular and functional features expected from human naive pluripotency. We establish that simultaneous inhibition of SRC-NFκB, WNT/ßCATENIN and PKC signalling pathways is essential for enabling expansion of teratoma competent fully naïve human PSCs in defined or xeno-free conditions. Divergent signalling and transcriptional requirements for maintaining naïve pluripotency were found between mouse and human. Finally, we establish alternative naïve conditions in which MEK/ERK inhibition is substituted with inhibition for NOTCH/RBPj signalling, which allow obtaining alternative human naïve PSCs with diminished risk for loss of imprinting and deleterious global DNA hypomethylation. Our findings set a framework for the signalling foundations of human naïve pluripotency and may advance its utilization in future translational applications. Highlights of key findings Combined inhibition of SRC, WNT and PKC signaling consolidates human naïve pluripotency Stable expansion of DNA/RNA methylation-independent and TGF/ACTIVIN-independent human naïve PSCs Opposing roles for ACTIVIN and WNT/ßCATENIN signaling on mouse vs. human naive pluripotency 2i and MEK/ERKi independent alternative human naïve PSC conditions via inhibiting NOTCH/RBPj signaling
Comparison of the reactivity of β-thiolactones and β-lactones toward ring-opening by thiols and amines (2012)

An investigation into the comparative reactivity of simple β-lactones and β-thiolactones toward a thiol and a primary amine is reported. A simple 3-mercaptomethyl-2-oxetanone is found to undergo rearrangement in the presence of aqueous base to give the corresponding thietane-3-carboxylic acid rather than the 3-hydroxymethyl-2-thietanone. Implications for the use of β-thiolactones in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry are discussed.
ONC201: Stressing tumors to death (2016)

The small molecule ONC201 was identified in a screen for compounds that would induce expression of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in tumors and thus cause an autocrine- or paracrine-induced death in tumor cells. Two Research Articles in this issue of Science Signaling by Ishizawa et al. and Kline et al. describe how ONC201 can also trigger cytotoxicity by inducing a stress response. The mechanisms of the stress response induced differ between hematological malignancies and solid tumors, highlighting the complexity of ONC201-induced toxicity and raising intriguing issues of tissue-specific pathways activated by the drug.
Geometric control of manganese redox state (1995)

M. G. B. Drew, C. J. Harding, V. McKee, G. G. Morgan and J. Nelson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1035 DOI: 10.1039/C39950001035