gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentacoordinated Aluminum Species: New Frontier for Tailoring Acidity-Enhanced Silica–Alumina Catalysts (2020)

Silica-alumina catalysts, including zeolites and amorphous silica-aluminas (ASAs), are among the most widely used solid acid catalysts and supports to produce petrochemicals, fine chemicals, and renewable energy. The coordination, distribution, and interactions of aluminum in ASAs have an enormous impact on their acidic properties and catalytic performance. Unsaturated tetracoordinated aluminum (Al<sup>IV</sup>) species are commonly accepted as the key sites in generating catalytically active Brønsted acid sites (BASs) in silica-alumina catalysts. Extensive efforts focus on increasing the concentration of Al<sup>IV</sup> as the main route to enhance their Brønsted acidity for efficient catalysis. However, increasing the Al<sup>IV</sup> concentration either weakens the acid strength in zeolites or lowers Brønsted acidity in ASAs at high Al/Si ratios, impeding acidity enhancement of these popular catalysts."Pentacoordinated aluminum (Al<sup>V</sup>) species" are potential unsaturated Al species like Al<sup>IV</sup> but rarely observed in silica-aluminas, and thus, are widely considered unavailable for BAS formation or surface reactions. In this Account, we will describe novel strategies for the controlled synthesis of Al<sup>V</sup>-enriched ASAs using flame-spray pyrolysis (FSP) techniques and highlight the contribution of Al<sup>V</sup> species in acidity enhancement, together with their structure-activity relationship in the conversion of biomass-derived compounds into valuable chemicals. Using various <i>in situ</i> and advanced 2D solid-state NMR (SSNMR) experiments, the studies of the acidic properties and local structure of Al<sup>V</sup>-enriched ASAs reveal that Al<sup>V</sup> species can highly populate on ASA surfaces, promote BASs formation, and facilitate adaptable tuning of BASs from moderate to zeolitic strength by synergy with neighboring Al sites. Moreover, the BASs with enhanced acidity can work jointly with surface Lewis acid sites or metal active species for bifunctional catalysis on Al<sup>V</sup>-enriched ASAs. Compared to zeolites, these Al<sup>V</sup>-enriched ASAs are highly active in acid-catalyzed biomass conversion, including alcohol dehydration and sugar conversion reactions, as well as in promoting the performance of supported metal catalysts in chemoselective hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. These new insights provide a state-of-the-art strategy for strongly enhancing the acidity of these popular silica-alumina catalysts, which offers an interesting potential for a wide range of acid and multifunctional catalysis.
Structure of formylpeptide receptor 2-Gi complex reveals insights into ligand recognition and signaling (2020)

Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can recognize formylpeptides derived from pathogens or host cells to function in host defense and cell clearance. In addition, FPRs, especially FPR2, can also recognize other ligands with a large chemical diversity generated at different stages of inflammation to either promote or resolve inflammation in order to maintain a balanced inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying promiscuous ligand recognition and activation of FPRs is not clear. Here we report a cryo-EM structure of FPR2-G<sub>i</sub> signaling complex with a peptide agonist. The structure reveals a widely open extracellular region with an amphiphilic environment for ligand binding. Together with computational docking and simulation, the structure suggests a molecular basis for the recognition of formylpeptides and a potential mechanism of receptor activation, and reveals conserved and divergent features in G<sub>i</sub> coupling. Our results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the functional promiscuity of FPRs.
Failure of B7.1-modified tumor to evoke full activation of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the central nervous system: prevention of parental tumor growth in the subcutaneous environment (2002)

The data clearly demonstrate that the CNS environment fails to activate CD8+ TILs fully. These are the first data indicating in detail a difference between CD8+ TILs from the CNS and those from other sites based on a B7.1-modified tumor model.
Biphenyl-4-yl 2,2,2-trichloroethyl sulfate (2010)

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(14)H(11)Cl(3)O(4)S, displays a biphenyl dihedral angle of 4.9 (2)° between the benzene rings, which is significantly smaller than the calculated dihedral angle of 41.2° of biphenyl derivatives without ortho substituents. The C(Ar)-O bond length of 1.432 (4) Å is comparable with other sulfuric acid biphenyl-4-yl ester 2,2,2-trichloro-ether ester derivatives without electronegative substituents in the sulfated phenyl ring.
Salt-Gel Synthesis of Porous Transition-Metal Oxides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalt-Gel Synthesis of Porous Transition-Metal OxidesAndreas Stein, Mark Fendorf, Thomas P. Jarvie, Karl T. Mueller, Alan J. Benesi, and Thomas E. MalloukCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 2, 304–313Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00050a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00050a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grab and Strip Tensile Strengths for Woven Fabrics: An Experimental Verification (2005)

In the present study we have attempted to verify a theoretical model of grab versus strip strengths of fabrics [ Textile Research Journal, 2003, 73(2), 165–171] through experimental investigation. Five different fabrics were included in this study, and three related parameters were investigated including the modulus ratio of the specimen (shear versus tensile moduli), the specimen gauge length and the ungripped specimen width. The ratios of grab versus strip tensile strengths were computed from the experimental results and compared with the values predicted from the theoretical model. The predicted results are compatible with the measured values, suggesting that the theoretical model is capable of estimating the tensile strength of a grab specimen.
Celecoxib Decreases Ki-67 Proliferative Index in Active Smokers (2006)

Our findings suggest that oral Celecoxib may be capable of modulating the proliferation indices and apoptotic balance in bronchial tissue of active smokers.
An Empirical Investigation on the Use of Buffers and Incentives in Non-Hierarchical Networks (2011)

Delivery reliability has shifted from being an order winner to being an order qualifier in many industrial and service sectors. Thus, companies are forced to take into consideration all the aspects that might impact on such an indicator. This paper focuses on the European machinery and equipment industry, an important instance of the non-hierarchical network concept, to investigate the relationships existing among supply-side uncertainty, delivery reliability to the final market and the adoption of possible leverages to mitigate problems, namely buffers and incentives. The authors formulate the research hypotheses and test them against a set of collected data in 3 European countries. The final discussion about the results provides insights about the real effectiveness of buffer and incentive based approaches, as well as some directions for future research.
Recent Advances in Iridoid Chemistry: Biosynthesis and Chemical Synthesis (2020)

Iridoids are a large family of monoterpenoids found in traditional medicinal plants and show significant effects for the human species. In addition to their wide range of biological activities, such as neuroprotective and antitumor activities, the cis-fused bicyclic ring systems of iridoids are still attractive as synthetic targets to apply novel synthetic methodologies. Accordingly, recent progress regarding the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of iridoids is covered in this minireview. Identification of new enzymes for the iridoid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus and ingenious synthetic strategies for the construction of the iridoid skeleton are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantioselective Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes with Cyclic N‐Acyliminium Ions by Synergistic Catalysis. (2015)

Abstract The organocatalyzed alkylation of quinoline N,O‐acetals (I) with aldehydes (II) followed by reduction of intermediate aldehydes gives rise to alcohols (III) with good to high enantioselectivity but only low to moderate diastereoselectivity.
CePd‐Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Counter Electrode for DSSCs (2018)

Abstract In this study, the cerium‐palladium (CePd) incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were manufactured by low‐cost and versatile electrospinning technique and successfully applied as a counter electrode to fabricate the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The utilized physiochemical techniques, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) incorporated by Ce and Pd nanoparticles. CePd incorporated CNFs were preliminary presented good electrocatalytic activity towards the iodide redox couple, as investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The DSSC fabricated using CePd incorporated CNFs based counter electrode (CE) attained an applicable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.52% along with open circuit voltage (V OC ) of 0.739 V, a short‐circuit current density (J SC ) of 11.42 mA/cm 2 and fill factor (FF) of 0.54. According to primary results, the CePd incorporated CNFs based CE is a promising, and cost‐effective alternative CE for photoelectrochemical devices.
Mycoplasmal Immunity and Immunopathology: Summary (1982)

Mycoplasmal Immunity and Immunopathology: Summary Eric Stanbridge Eric Stanbridge Department of Microbiology, University of CaliforniaIrvine, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 4, Issue Supplement_1, May-June 1982, Pages S227–S228, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/4.Supplement_1.S227 Published: 01 May 1982
Current phase control methods for permanent magnet synchronous motors (1990)

Three types of current phase control methods are examined for the interior magnet motor and the surface magnet motor: (1) the i/sub d/=0 control method, (2) the cos phi =1 control method, and (3) the constant-flux-linkage control method. The control circuits for realizing these control methods were investigated and a drive test carried out. The most suitable current phase control method for the rotor geometry was examined by computer simulation and experimentation. It was found that in the i/sub d/=0 control method, high-performance torque control can be obtained as the torque is proportional to the armature current. In the cos phi =1 control method, the torque per armature current is small and the torque characteristic is nonlinear. Therefore, high-performance torque control cannot be expected. The constant-flux-linkage control method is desirable for interior magnet motors as the torque characteristic is almost linear and the required inverter capacity is comparatively small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantitative Analysis (2013)

Abstract A sociolinguist who has gathered so much data that it has become difficult to make sense of the raw observations can turn to graphical presentation, and to descriptive statistics, techniques for distilling a collection of data into a few key numerical values, allowing the researcher to focus on specific, meaningful properties of the data set. A sociolinguist evaluates hypotheses about the connections between linguistic behavior, speakers, and society. The researcher begins this process by gathering data with the potential to falsify the hypotheses under consideration. Inferential statistics allow the researcher to compute the probability that a hypothesized property of the data is due to chance, and to estimate the magnitude of the hypothesized effect. This chapter compares inferential methods appropriate for sociolinguistic data in terms of these assumptions. It examines elements of qualitative analysis and methods for binary analysis, multinomial variables, and continuous variables.
Dielectric Changes of Electroluminescent Phosphor During Illumination* (1953)

Phosphor powder was incorporated in a thin film of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. The dielectric constant and loss of the film was measured at 1000 cps under various intensities of illumination and at different applied voltages. White light from a tungsten lamp was used for some experiments, while others were done with monochromatic light of different wavelengths from a mercury arc.The results of these experiments show a very substantial variation of dielectric constant under illumination. Further, the magnitude of the change of dielectric constant depends critically on the value of the voltage applied during the tests. There is a maximum effect at about 4046A, while the sensitivity falls off noticeably at 3650A and 4358A.
Dietary Inflammatory Index during Pregnancy and Maternal Systemic Inflammation (2015)

Background Higher levels of inflammation during pregnancy have been associated with complications in pregnancy and childhood. Dietary influences on inflammation during pregnancy have not been well studied. Objective: We examined the association of maternal Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), a validated predictor of dietary inflammatory potential with C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Methods: We included 795 women from Project Viva, a pre‐birth cohort in MA. We calculated the DII from FFQs completed in the 1 st and 2 nd trimesters, which were strongly correlated (Pearson r = 0.61, p&lt;0.001). A higher DII score indicates a more pro‐inflammatory diet. We used Pearson correlations and multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for time of blood draw, age, pre‐pregnancy BMI, education, parity, race/ethnicity, smoking status and income to examine associations between DII scores with CRP. Results: Mean (SD) maternal DII was ‐2.6 (1.4) and was higher with greater maternal BMI and smoking; 2 nd trimester CRP was 1.5 mg/L (1.3). Intake of trans, saturated, and monounsaturated fats were the strongest positive correlates of the DII score and intake of vitamin A, β carotene, fiber and magnesium were the strongest negative correlates. The maternal DII was directly associated with CRP (β=0.07; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.13). Conclusion Inflammatory potential of the maternal diet is a modifiable factor that affects systemic inflammation during pregnancy.
Development of web tension in a winding nip (2001)

Today practically all winding devices apply a nip to the wound roll. In this winding method, radial pressure is applied by a winding drum to the wound roll at the point where the web enters the roll. This reduces the air entrainment into the roll and increases the tension of the web entering the roll. The wound roll internal stress profile is determined by this Wound-On-Tension (WOT). If the WOT along with the elastic moduli of the web are known, the internal stresses of the wound roll can be calculated. A winding simulation model predicting the internal stresses of a wound roll would provide a valuable tool for the optimal selection of the winding control parameters. When the incoming web enters the nip area its state of stress and strain changes significantly. An evaluation of these changes without any presumptions necessarily calls for a rigorous contact mechanical solution. The aim of the present paper is to calculate the surface tractions and the WOT due to the winding nip and, hence, provide means to predict the wound roll stresses as a function of the winding parameters.
Line Source Sprinkler for Continuous Variable Irrigation‐crop Production Studies (1976)

Abstract The design details and a sample set of field test results for a line source sprinkler plot irrigation system are presented. The system produces a water application pattern which is uniform along the length of the plot and continuously, but uniformly variable across the plot. By applying a fertility variable along a plot (at right angles to the water variable) planted in some test crop, the system offers a convenient means for developing crop production function data. The system test area and water supply are both small. However, the application of the system may be limited by wind and all water application levels within a plot must be supplied at the same irrigation frequency.
Paracellular Solute Uptake in the Freshwater Bivalves Corbicula fluminea and Toxolasma texasensis (1998)

Two species of freshwater bivalve were exposed to hyperosmotic solutions of various nonelectrolytes to compare the paracellular permeability of their gill epithelia. In Corbicula fluminea, exposure resulted in an elevation of blood solutes that was primarily due to dehydration. After 36 h of exposure, the concentration of Na in the blood decreased precipitously, and the nonelectrolyte accumulated. When lanthanum was added to the solution as a diffusion tracer, its electron-dense precipitate was rarely observed to penetrate the paracellular spaces of the gill epithelial cells in the absence of hyperosmotic stress. In contrast, precipitated lanthanum was commonly observed in the paracellular junctional complexes of the gill in animals that were subjected to hyperosmotic conditions. When the second species, Toxolasma texasensis, was exposed to hyperosmotic solutions of nonelectrolyte, dehydration appeared to be minimal and a seemingly normal concentration of ions was maintained in the blood. This, however, was because of the simultaneous loss of ions and water and a small gain in nonelectrolytes. Longer exposure (12 h or more) produced a precipitous decrease in most blood solutes and an extensive accumulation of nonelectrolyte. More lanthanum precipitate was seen in the paracellular spaces of both control and hyperosmotically stressed T. texasensis than in identically treated C. fluminea. We conclude that the epithelial junctions found in C. fluminea are relatively tight, which probably contributes to the ability of this species to maintain the solute in its body fluid at concentrations higher than are possible in T. texasensis.
One Hundred Hepatic Resections (1985)

The indications and operative results of hepatic resections were investigated in 100 consecutive patients over the past 20 years. There were 61 hepatocellular carcinoma, 13 hepatolithiasis, and 26 other miscellaneous diseases. An overall hospital mortality rate was 25%. It was 26, 0, and 35% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatolithiasis, and other diseases, respectively. There was not any significant difference between survived and deceased cases in their preoperative laboratory data. The volume of operative blood loss in deceased cases was significantly larger than that in survived cases, so the influence of operative blood loss on morbidity and mortality was investigated. The incidences of postoperative bleeding, hepatic insufficiency, pulmonary insufficiency, and hospital death were significantly higher in patients whose operative blood loss exceeded 5000 ml. These results indicate that operative blood loss is one of the critical factors that decide the operative prognosis.
Laboratory Techniques for Predicting Cotton-Dust Residues in Open-End Spinning (1981)

Two procedures for assaying samples of lint cotton for their microdust content are described. Both techniques involve the ultrasonic washing of small cotton tufts in a methanol bath. Dust particles dispersed in the methanol may be either collected onto membrane filters for weighing or fed directly into a Coulter counter for measuring the particle-size distribution and total volume concentration. Both approaches show correlations between measured concentrations and residues of open-end spinning rotor dust produced from lots of the same cotton tested. These techniques also show promise for predicting concentrations of airborne dust in a model card room in which previously tested cottons are processed.
Attenuated central nervous system infection in advanced HIV/AIDS with combinatio n antiretroviral therapy (2005)

Background: Before the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CAR T), neurological disease correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of hum an immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA. Objective: To investigate the relationships among HIV RNA levels, immune activation markers, and neurological status in pat ients receiving CART. Design: Multicenter cohort study. Setting: Academic neurol ogy departments. Patients: A total of 371 patients unselected for neurological c omplaints and with CD4 cell counts less than 200/μL or with cognitive symptoms and CD4 cell counts less than 300/μL were enrolled into the Northeastern AIDS D ementia cohort in 1998-2002. Diagnoses of HIV associated dementia (HIV D) and minor cognitive motor disorder (MCMD) were obtained with a computerized algori thm. Plasma and CSF levels of HIV RNA, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophag e colony stimulat ing factor, and tumor necrosis factor αwere quantified. Res ults: The mean±SD age was 41.5±7.2 years, and the mean±SD educational level w as 12.3±2.2 years. Seventy percent of the cohort was black, and 30%were women. The mean±SD CD4 cell count was 136.8±87.9/μL, and CART was used in 71%. Twe nty nine percent of the patients were unimpaired (n=106) , 36%had MCMD (n= 13 3), and 35%had HIV D (n=128). Mean log10 CSF HIV RNA copies per milliliter was 2.6±0.8, with no differences among the neurological groups, even after adjustm ents for baseline CD4 cell counts and antiretroviral therapy. Cerebrospinal flui d HIV RNA was undetectable in 47%of unimpaired, 46%of MCMD, and 43%of HIV D patients (P=.91). Plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein type 1 and tumor necrosis factor αcorrelated weakly with HIV RNA levels but did not distinguish those with neurological deficits. Conclusions: In contrast to observations in i ndividuals not treated with CART, we found no relationship between CSF markers a nd neurological status in this CART using cohort with advanced HIV/AIDS. This w as not explicable by demographic differences or plasma virological control. CART may substantially attenuate the degree of central nervous system HIV infection a nd immune activation, and in CART users, CSF HIV RNA and immune activation marke rs may fail to discriminate milder degrees of HIV D and MCMD.