gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sociometric Classification Methods in School Peer Groups: A Comparative Investigation (1998)

The categorical consequences and psychometric properties of different sociometric classification methods were evaluated. Children aged 9 to 12 years (N = 254) completed three sociometric questionnaires and a peer assessment measure on two occasions 5 weeks apart. The sociometric data were analysed using 13 different methods. Analysis of kappa values indicated relatively poor agreement across methods on subject classification. Temporal stability of the classifications was also poor. Assessment of construct validity involved analysis of the peer assessment items, using MANOVA to test hypotheses based on ideas from social exchange theory. Cross-sex rating biases and difficulties with the neglected and controversial classifications are discussed as indicating a need for the application of theoretically based approaches which consider features of the peer group social system and a need for caution in selecting methods for clinical use.
A study on the disparity of an advanced multi-sparkle camera system (2008)

This paper analyses a disparity correction of an advanced multi-sparkle camera system. This system is also called Cranz-Schardin camera, which a method to achieve extreme high-speed photography. The camera axis in this system have an angle with principal optical axis, so each image taking by different cameras in system is formed by different orientation projections of the object, and this process generates parallax among the different cameras. In order to solve this problem, camera calibration method is setting up after a detailed analysis of this system. A planar calibration is used as standard reference object in experiment. And image corresponding relationship among different cameras can be built through learning the position changes of feature points in different cameras. Then, grab pictures from transient phenomenon which need to be analyzed, and after image processing on these pictures with the image corresponding relationship, the disparity influence on experiment images in this advanced multi-sparkle camera system would be diminished.
Rotating propeller soliton (2001)

We present analytically, numerically and experimentally a new type of composite soliton which is made of a rotating dipole component jointly trapped with a bell-shaped component. We observe 240° rotation over 13mm propagation (6.5 diffraction lengths).
Combined Object Categorization and Segmentation With an Implicit Shape Model (2004)

We present a method for object categorization in real-world scenes. Following a common consensus in the field, we do not assume that a figure-ground segmentation is available prior to recognition. However, in contrast to most standard approaches for object class recognition, our approach automatically segments the object as a result of the categorization. This combination of recognition and segmentation into one process is made possible by our use of an Implicit Shape Model, which integrates both capabilities into a common probabilistic framework. In addition to the recognition and segmentation result, it also generates a per-pixel confidence measure specifying the area that supports a hypothesis and how much it can be trusted. We use this confidence to derive a natural extension of the approach to handle multiple objects in a scene and resolve ambiguities between overlapping hypotheses with a novel MDL-based criterion. In addition, we present an extensive evaluation of our method on a standard dataset for car detection and compare its performance to existing methods from the literature. Our results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms previously published methods while needing one order of magnitude less training examples. Finally, we present results for articulated objects, which show that the proposed method can categorize and segment unfamiliar objects in different articulations and with widely varying texture patterns, even under significant partial occlusion.
Thermo-environomic evaluation of the ammonia production (2013)

Within the global challenge of sustainable energy supply and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the deployment of renewable resources are considered as promising solutions. In this context, the production of ammonia mainly used in the fertilizer industry that is responsible for a large part of the global CO2 emissions is analyzed in detail in this study. Considering natural gas and biomass as a resource and the option for CO2 capture and storage, different process configurations are systematically compared with regard to energetic, economic and environmental considerations. A consistent thermo-environonomic optimization approach combining flowsheeting, process integration techniques, economic performance evaluation, life cycle assessment and multi-objective optimization is applied for the conceptual process design and the assessment of the competitiveness and the trade-offs. It is highlighted that the quality of the process integration is a key factor for improving the process performance by valorizing the heat excess through electricity cogeneration. Including CO2 mitigation in the ammonia production allows to reduce the emissions, but leads to a slight efficiency decrease due to the additional energy consumption for the compression. For the natural gas fed process yielding an energy efficiency around 65%, the overall life cycle emissions can however be reduced to 0.79kgCO2/kgNH3 with CO2 capture compared to 1.6kgCO2/kgNH3 without capture and to -1.79kgCO2/kgNH3 for the biomass process having an energy efficiency of 50%. The economic competitiveness highly depends on the resource price and the introduction of a carbon tax. This study reveals the potential of the decarbonization of the fertilizer industry.
Self‐Assembled PAA‐Based Nanoparticles as Potential Gene and Protein Delivery Systems (2013)

A series of nanoparticles is prepared via layer-by-layer assembly of oppositely charged, synthetic biocompatible polyamidoamine polymers as potential carriers. Particle size, surface charge and internal chain mobility are quantified as a function of the polymer type and number of layers. The effect of addition of surfactant is examined to simulate the effects of nanoparticle dissolution. The cyctotoxicity of these particles (in epithelia and murine cell lines) are orders of magnitude lower than polyethyleneimine controls. Stable nanoparticles may be prepared from mixtures of strongly, oppositely charged polymers, but less successfully from weakly charged polymers, and, given their acceptable toxicity characteristics, such modularly designed constructs show promise for drug and gene delivery.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Technology (Presentation) (2006)

Presents a cost-benefit of analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle technology, including potential petroleum use reduction.
Effects of .ALPHA.-Substituted Carboxylic Acids and Their Ethyl Esters on the Growth of Lettuce Seedlings. (1991)

We prepared α-substituted carboxylic acids and ethyl esters and studied the effects of these compounds on the growth of lettuce seedlings. Compounds with shorter alkyl chains inhibited growth more than those with longer alkyl chains. α-Phenoxybutyric acid or its ethyl ester at 1 ppm caused as much inhibition as the corresponding unsubstituted acid and its ester at 1000 ppm. An electron-attracting Cl group introduced into the α-phenoxy group caused stronger inhibition than the electron-donating H or CH3 groups. α-Phenoxypropionic acid, α-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)-butyric acid, α-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) valeric acid, and their ethyl esters might be useful as herbicides and α-(2, 4-dimethylphenoxy) stearic acid and α-phenoxystearic acid might be useful as growth-promoting substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acids with a Six‐Membered “Carbohydrate” Mimic in the Backbone (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Electrolytic Capacitor-Less AC-DC LED Driver with a Low Power Processing Auxiliary Circuit and Ceramic Capacitors for Ripple Power Decoupling (2018)

Traditional ac-dc LED drivers include a large electrolytic capacitor to decouple the double-line frequency ripple power from the utility grid, which shortens the lifespan of LED lamps. This paper presents an electrolytic capacitor-less ac-dc LED driver with a low power processing auxiliary circuit and ceramic capacitors decoupling the ripple power. In this structure, the redundant power processed by the auxiliary circuit is lower and fewer components are used, comparing with existing similar designs. In addition, the ceramic capacitors that are used as the energy storage have higher energy density and lower cost. The capacitance drift of ceramic capacitors is modeled and analyzed, and the parameter design for the ceramic capacitor bank is given. Experiments on a prototype are carried out to verify the performance and design of the proposed LED driver.
New type LCCT-Z-source inverters (2011)

Z-source inverters are suited for applications which require a large range of gain, such as in renewable energy. Recently proposed Trans-Z-source inverters (TZSIs) and T-source inverters (TSIs) characterize improved voltage gain thanks to the application of coupled inductors with turns ratio higher than one. The present paper extends the concept of Trans-Z-source (T-source) inverters. Two novel impedance networks: the LCCT (inductor-capacitor-capacitor-transformer) Z-source impedance network and the LCCT-qZ-source impedance network are presented. The former contains two built-in DC-current-blocking capacitors connected in series with transformer windings and therefore prevent the transformer core from saturation while the latter contains one built-in DC-current-blocking capacitor and combines the features of qZ-source and T-source impedance networks. The novel topologies of LCCT-impedance-source inverters: LCCT-Z-source inverter (LCCT-ZSI) and LCCT-quasi-Z-source inverter (LCCT-qZSI) proposed in the paper characterize available continuous input current which is the advantage compared to TZSIs and TSIs. Simulations and experimental results are provided to verify the analysis of two proposed topologies.
Accurate Nodal Staging of Malignant Melanoma (1995)

The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing at a faster pace than that of any other cancer in the United States. It is estimated that people born in the year 2000 will have a 1:75 risk of developing melanoma sometime during his or her lifetime. Stimulated by novel lymphatic mapping techniques, the surgical care of the melanoma patient is evolving toward more conservative resections that can provide the same staging information but without the added morbidity of more radical surgeries. This approach promises to yield positive results in the age of health care reform, outcome measurements, and cost:benefit considerations.
The first example of an anion–pyrrole complex (2001)

Tetramethylammonium chloride (1) has been recrystallized from pyrrole (2) yielding a pyrrole–chloride complex (I) that has been crystallographically characterized. Complex I contains a chloride anion that is bound by hydrogen bonds from two pyrrole rings and a tetramethylammonium cation. The supramolecular structure is reminiscent of a honeycomb array, comprised of a pyrrole–chloride framework with cavities occupied by tetramethylammonium moities.
Clinical trials in cancer prevention (1986)

Research in cancer prevention can be divided into laboratory research, epidemiologic research, and clinical trials. When results from laboratory and/or epidemiologic research support the possibility of clinical cancer prevention, these leads should be subjected to study in clinical trials. If clinical trials produce positive results, wide application of these results to the relevant segments of the general population should then be emphasized. Why are clinical trials needed in cancer prevention? There are several considerations: epidemiologic studies may lack specificity, that is, the ability to reach conclusions that apply to only one specific factor; the predictive value of animal models based on laboratory studies is not entirely known; clinical trials quantitate the level of participant acceptance of the intervention; and clinical trials address the issues of risk/benefit ratios. Over the last 3 years, the National Cancer Institute has supported the development of a program of clinical trials in cancer prevention. The aim of these studies includes the reversal of precursor lesions, prevention of progression from a precursor state to overt malignancy, reduction in the incidence of malignancy, reduction in cancer mortality, and reduction in overall mortality. Interventions under study include a diet with less than 20% of calories from fat, and the administration of single agents or combinations of agents, including beta carotene, vitamin A, 13-cis-retinoic acid, vitamins C, E, and B12, and folacin.
Reaction of Tantalum-Alkyne Complexes with Hydrazones. Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-Allylic Hydrazines (1992)

Abstract Treatment of tantalum-alkyne complexes with dimethylhydrazones by the assistance of Me3Al in a mixed solvent of DME, benzene, and THF at 45 °C for 16 h gives (E)-allylic hydrazines stereoselectively.
Temperature dependent studies of electric and dielectric properties of p olythiophene based nano composite (2012)

The fabrication, characterization, electric, dielectric and ac conductivity measurement of polythiophene and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite are described. The polythiophene (PTh) and polythiophene/ multiwalled carbon nanotube (PTh/MWCNT) composite are prepared chemically by oxidative polymerization of thiophene(Th). The formation of PTh and incorporation of CNTs into PTh are confirmed by Fourier Transform – Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX) analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of polymer/CNT composite. SEM image of PTh shows a leaf like structure and image of PTh/MWCNT shows the incorporation of MWCNT into the PTh flakes. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis shows the morphology of PTH and PTh/MWCNT. The structural features of Nanotube-Polymer association are observed by AFM studies. The electrical behaviour of prepared samples has been studied by measuring I-V characteristics at varying temperature. The dielectric properties of these samples have been studied at low frequencies (150-700 kHz) for varying temperature. The dielectric constant for PTh/MWCNT is found to be higher than PTh for all temperature ranges. Finally,theac electrical conductivity (�ac) and dielectric relaxation time calculations have been carried out by using the data available from dielectric m easurements and by employing a simple relationship. Conductivity shows a linear dependence on temperature and is also higher for PTh/MWCNT.
A single-chip Viterbi decoder for a binary convolutional code using an adaptive algorithm (1995)

By using an adaptive algorithm, we design a single-chip Viterbi decoder for a rate 1/2 binary convolutional code. The adaptive algorithm is realized by threshold checking at each stage. The survivor paths that are less likely are ignored and hence the number of states at each decoding stage to be computed is reduced significantly in comparison with the conventional Viterbi decoder. Therefore, the decoding speed can be increased. A single-chip hard-decision decoder for a rate 1/2 convolutional code with constraint length K=6 (64 states) has been fabricated in 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Experimental results show that this improved algorithm can achieve a data throughput rate about 3 times faster than that using a conventional algorithm without sacrificing the decoding reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protection scheme for high‐voltage direct‐current transmission lines based on transient AC current (2015)

This study presents a new protection scheme for high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) transmission lines which only uses a specific frequency AC current (SFAC) at one of the line terminals during fault transients. The fluctuation characteristic of the root mean square (RMS) of SFAC is analysed under different fault conditions. The fluctuation in the RMS of SFAC during the transient period of internal and external faults is quite different. A fluctuation coefficient (FC) is proposed to measure the fluctuation. Fault types and the faulted line can be distinguished by calculating FC. A HVDC test system modelled in PSCAD/EMTDC is used to validate the proposed scheme considering different fault types, operation modes, sampling frequency and interference. Comprehensive test studies show that the performance of the proposed protection scheme is inspiring, and it is simpler and is of higher reliability compared with some traditional protections based on harmonic currents.
Lithospheric resistivity structure of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake aftershock zone (2020)

SUMMARY The Bhuj area, in the Kutch region of western India, is a unique intraplate seismic zone in the world where aftershock activity associated with a large magnitude earthquake (7.7 Mw Bhuj earthquake on 26 January 2001) has persisted over a decade and up till today. We studied the lithospheric resistivity structure of the Bhuj earthquake aftershock zone to gain more insight into the structure and processes influencing the generation of intraplate seismicity in broad and, in particular, to detect the deep origin and upward migration channels of fluids linked to the crustal seismicity in the area. A lithospheric resistivity model deduced from 2-D and 3-D inversions of long-period magnetotelluric (MT) data shows low resistive lithospheric mantle, which can be best explained by a combination of a small amount of interconnected melts and aqueous fluid in the upper mantle. The MT model also shows a subvertical modestly conductive channel, spatially coinciding with the Kutch Mainland Fault, which we interpret to transport fluids from the deep lithosphere to shallow crust. We infer that pore pressure buildup aids to achieve the critical stress conditions for rock failure in the weak zones, which are pre-stressed by the compressive stress regime generated by ongoing India–Eurasia collision. The fluidized zone in the upper mantle beneath the area perhaps provides continuous fluid supply, which is required to maintain the critical stress conditions within the seismogenic crust for continued seismicity.
Integrated Control Design of Pneumatic Servo Table Considering the Dynamics of Pipelines and Servo Valve (2011)

In this paper, integrated control design for the pneumatic servo table system considering the dynamics of pipelines and servo valve is studied. The table is mainly composed by a pneumatic actuator, a highperformance pneumatic servo valve and pipelines. The pneumatic actuator utilizes a pneumatic cylinder with air bearings. The servo valve has high dynamics up to 300 Hz and is connected to the pneumatic actuator by pipelines. The system is pneumatically driven, providing the advantages of low heat generation and non-magnetic, nature suited to precise positioning. To simulate the system, we designed a linear model considering pipelines and servo valve dynamics. Comparison results showed that with a 7 th order linear model, the discrepancy between experiment and simulation results was much smaller than when using a 3 rd order model. The model’s complexity made it necessary to reduce the model’s order. Two poles are much further from the imaginary axis compared with other five poles in the pole loci of the 7 th order model, so the model is reduced to a 5 th order. A comparison of simulation and experiment results showed that the 5 th order model matches the real system well.
A Framework for Assessing the Marginal External Accident Cost of Road Use and its Implications for Insurance Ratemaking (2011)

The external accident cost of road use is a function of the marginal relationship between road use and accidents, as expressed, for instance, by the elasticity. This elasticity is, however, not necessarily constant, but may be assumed to depend on the traffic volume as seen in relation to road capacity. Dense or congested traffic may force speed levels down, decreasing the risk of accidents or at least the average loss incurred given that an accident takes place. Relying on a large econometric accident model based on monthly cross-section/time-series data for all provinces of Norway, we derive non-linear empirical functions describing the relationship between road use and accidents and discuss their implications in terms of accident costs and externalities. The analysis reveals that there is probably a large accident externality generated by heavy vehicle road use, but that the marginal external accident cost of private car use is quite small, perhaps even negative. To the extent that it is positive, it is so in large part on account of public and private insurance. Contrary to what is frequently believed and maintained, auto insurance does not serve to internalise the cost of accidents. In fact, its primary purpose and effect is exactly the opposite. The adverse incentives created by insurance could, however, be mitigated by certain innovative approaches to ratemaking. Such schemes would ideally involve more decision variables than just the decision to drive. Incentives could, in principle, be attached to speeding, route choice, vehicle choice, safety equipment, or time of day/week/year.
Mosaic (2020)

Relational database systems are purpose-built for a specific storage device class (e.g., HDD, SSD, or DRAM). They do not cope well with the multitude of storage devices that are competitive at their price `sweet spots'. To make use of different storage device classes, users have to resort to workarounds, such as storing data in different tablespaces. A lot of research has been done on heterogeneous storage frameworks for distributed big data query engines. These engines scale well for big data sets but are often CPU- or network-bound. Both approaches only maximize performance for previously purchased storage devices. We present Mosaic, a storage engine for scan-heavy workloads on RDBMS that manages devices in a tierless pool and provides device purchase recommendations for a specified workload and budget. In contrast to existing systems, Mosaic generates a performance/budget curve that is Pareto-optimal, along which the user can choose. Our approach uses device models and linear optimization to find a data placement solution that maximizes I/O throughput for the workload. Our evaluation shows that Mosaic provides a higher throughput at the same budget or a similar throughput at a lower budget than the state-of-the-art approaches of big data query engines and RDBMS.
Prophylactic Human Semen Cryobanking (1972)

To the Editor.— The use of human semen for donor insemination has been found to be safe and efficacious. 1 When the frozen semen is stored at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, all biological activity ceases and the semen may be preserved for long periods of time. Frozen human semen has, in fact, been used successfully after ten years of storage. 2 When young men who may yet wish to have children are to undergo procedures that may decrease their fertility, prophylactic cryobanking of semen warrants serious consideration. Younger men referred for prostatic surgery, bladder neck surgery, or for radiotherapy or chemotherapy, particularly of those malignant neoplasms that have a high probability of cure (eg, seminoma, Hodgkin's disease) may find it an advantage to deposit an adequate supply for procreational use at a later date before the consequences of the treatment significantly diminish the quality of the semen. Human semen