gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed self-assembly lithography using coordinated line epitaxy (COOL) process (2015)

In this study, half-pitch (HP) 15 nm line-and-space (L/S) metal wires were successfully fabricated and fully integrated on a 300 mm wafer by applying directed self-assembly (DSA) lithography and pattern transfer for semiconductor device manufacturing. In order to evaluate process performances of DSA, we developed a simple sub-15 nm L/S patterning process using polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA) lamellar block copolymer (BCP), which utilizes trimming resist and shallow etching spin-on-glass (SOG) as pinning guide[1]-[4]. From the results of defect inspection after SOG etch using Electron Beam (EB) inspection system, defects were classified as typical DSA defects or defects relating to DSA pattern transfer. From the evaluation of DSA L/S pattern Critical Dimension (CD), roughness and local placement error using CD-SEM, it is considered that isolated PS lines are placed at the centerline between guides and that placement of paired PS lines depends on the guide width. The control of the guide resist CD is the key to local placement error and the paired lines adjacent to the guide shifted toward the outside (0.5 nm) along the centerline of the isolated line after SOG etch. We demonstrated fabrication of HP 15 nm metal wires in trenches formed by the DSA process with reactive ion etching (RIE), followed by metal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). By SEM observation of alignment errors between the trenches and connect spaces, overlay shift patterns (-4 nm) in guide lithography mask were fabricated without intra-wafer alignment errors.
Farbwiedergabe: neue Tendenzen und Methoden, 73. Erg.-Lfg. 9/2016 Kap. I-6.13.18 (2016)

In der evolutionären Entwicklung der Menschheit sind das Licht und die Lichtquelle ein ständiger Begleiter des menschlichen Seins. Bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts war das Tageslicht mit seiner dynamischen Änderung der Spektren, Farbtemperaturen und Beleuchtungsstärken als Funktion der Jahresund Tageszeit, Wetter und Geographie die einzige Lichtquelle am Tag. In den dunklen Stunden war die Gesellschaft auf die Öllampen, Gaslampen, Feuerholz und Kerzen angewiesen. Die Lichtwahrnehmung sowie die kulturelle Selbstkenntnis und Einprägung im Zusammenhang mit Licht und Objekten basierten auf der Grundlage dieser Lichtquellen. Seit 1880 mit der Einführung der Glühlampen und praktisch mit der Elektrifizierung in den Industrienationen ist eine industriell organsierte Arbeitsstruktur in den Gebäuden möglich. Von Anfang der 1930er-Jahre bis etwa 2006 gab es eine Reihe von Lichtquellenentwicklungen: Quecksilberdampflampen, Natriumdampflampen, Leuchtstofflampen und Halogenmetalldampflampen, die alle eine vorwiegend feste spektrale Strahlungsflussverteilung haben. Die Farbtemperaturen sowie die Farborte können in geringem Maß durch die zweckmäßige Auswahl der Metalle und Leuchtstoffe variiert werden. Die klassische Lichtwissenschaft konzentrierte sich von Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts bis heute auf die Untersuchung der Wirkungen der visuellen Leistungsparameter wie Leuchtdichte, Beleuchtungsstärke, Leuchtdichtekontrast, Blendung und Beleuchtungsstärke-Verteilung auf der Arbeitsebene.
The induction of skin tightness by surfactants (1984)

We have examined the relationship between surfactant structure and the sensation of tightness which ordinarily occurs on facial skin a few minutes after face washing. Most anionic surfactants cause various degrees of skin tightness, the order being, TEA-lauryl phosphate < potassium myristate = TEA-cocoyl glutamate < sodium laureth-2 sulfate < sodium lauryl sulfate. The physicochemical characteristics of these surfactants, e.g., the ability to remove skin surface lipids, the ability to release amino acids and urocanic acid from the horny layers, and adsorption onto the skin were examined to learn about the causative factors responsible for the induction of skin tightness. Among these factors, the degree of tightness was shown to be related to both the lipid removal and the adsorption abilities of the surfactant. However, we conclude that residual surfactant present after removal of skin surface lipid is primarily responsible for inducing the tightness sensation.
Ripe Guavas (2003)

Other| May 01 2003 Ripe Guavas Katherine Case Katherine Case Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2003) 3 (2): 22–23. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.2.22 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Katherine Case; Ripe Guavas. Gastronomica 1 May 2003; 3 (2): 22–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.2.22 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentGastronomica Search This content is only available via PDF. Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Nucleotide sequence of U5 RNA from a green alga,Chiamydomonas reinhrdtii (1992)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of U5 RNA from a green alga, Chiamydomonas reinhrdtii Get access Gábor Jakab, Gábor Jakab Institute of Plant Physiology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of SciencesPO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mihály Kis, Mihály Kis Institute of Plant Physiology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of SciencesPO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ferenc Solymosy Ferenc Solymosy * Institute of Plant Physiology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of SciencesPO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 19, 11 October 1992, Page 5224, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.19.5224 Published: 11 October 1992 Article history Received: 09 September 1992 Published: 11 October 1992
Reconsolidation of a cocaine associated memory requires DNA methyltransferase activity in the basolateral amygdala (2015)

Drug addiction is considered an aberrant form of learning, and drug-associated memories evoked by the presence of associated stimuli (drug context or drug-related cues) contribute to recurrent craving and reinstatement. Epigenetic changes mediated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) have been implicated in the reconsolidation of fear memory. Here, we investigated the role of DNMT activity in the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memories. Rats were trained over 10 days to intravenously self-administer cocaine by nosepokes. Each injection was paired with a light/tone conditioned stimulus (CS). After acquisition of stable self-administration behaviour, rats underwent nosepoke extinction (10 d) followed by cue-induced reactivation and subsequent cue-induced and cocaine-priming + cue-induced reinstatement tests or subsequently tested to assess the strength of the cocaine-associated cue as a conditioned reinforcer to drive cocaine seeking behaviour. Bilateral intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) infusion of the DNMT inhibitor5-azacytidine (5-AZA, 1 μg per side) immediately following reactivation decreased subsequent reinstatement induced by cues or cocaine priming as well as cue-maintained cocaine-seeking behaviour. In contrast, delayed intra-BLA infusion of 5-AZA 6 h after reactivation or 5-AZA infusion without reactivation had no effect on subsequent cue-induced reinstatement. These findings indicate that memory reconsolidation for a cocaine-paired stimulus depends critically on DNMT activity in the BLA.
Nobel Symposium 162 - Microfluidics (2017)

The Nobel Foundation's Symposium programme was initiated in 1965 and since then over 160 symposia have taken place. With the Nobel symposium summarized in this proceedings volume, we had the ambition to cover the past, current and future developments of microfluidics; a highly challenging task as there are many excellent researchers in this area and only thirty slots in the program. We tried to cover the early breakthrough contributions to the field, important developments over the years and applications of microfluidics that now propagate in vastly different directions both as industrial components or processes and as tools and methods supporting fundamental research. To give the entire research community an opportunity to sample the science presented at the symposium we have compiled a symposium volume that reflects the major messages conveyed by our invited speakers. We are deeply grateful to the effort that our participants put into writing their lecture notes/abstracts.
Gas Chromatographic Detectors for Exobiology Flight Experiments (1997)

Shared care programmes have been introduced in Denmark for areas, such as diabetes, asthma, and dementia. Over a three-year period, the communication and co-operation between the health sectors have improved. Specific demands on hospital referral and discharge letters have resulted in improved quality of contents and structure. This review shows that there is limited ongoing research on shared care and that the end points including formulations like "improved co-operation" have been too broad. Almost no research is available on specific improvements obtained by shared care. The study shows that implementation of shared care research programmes with specific end points is very extensive. Only 10 per cent of the present studies have specific end points, and 75 per cent of these show positive effects of shared care programmes. The GP Consulting System in Denmark has proved most useful in the progress of shared care. Future research in shared care should focus on specific end points, in which analyses of patient's course are fundamental in an effort to obtain improvements.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Metal Coordinating Ability of Multifunctional Carbohydrate-Containing Compounds for Alzheimer's Therapy (2007)

Dysfunctional interactions of metal ions, especially Cu, Zn, and Fe, with the amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide are hypothesized to play an important role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to direct effects on A beta aggregation, both Cu and Fe catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain further contributing to neurodegeneration. Disruption of these aberrant metal-peptide interactions via chelation therapy holds considerable promise as a therapeutic strategy to combat this presently incurable disease. To this end, we developed two multifunctional carbohydrate-containing compounds N,N'-bis[(5-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2-hydroxy)benzyl]-N,N'-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine (H2GL1) and N,N'-bis[(5-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy)benzyl]-N,N'-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine (H2GL2) for brain-directed metal chelation and redistribution. Acidity constants were determined by potentiometry aided by UV-vis and 1H NMR measurements to identify the protonation sites of H2GL1,2. Intramolecular H bonding between the amine nitrogen atoms and the H atoms of the hydroxyl groups was determined to have an important stabilizing effect in solution for the H2GL1 and H2GL2 species. Both H2GL1 and H2GL2 were found to have significant antioxidant capacity on the basis of an in vitro antioxidant assay. The neutral metal complexes CuGL1, NiGL1, CuGL2, and NiGL2 were synthesized and fully characterized. A square-planar arrangement of the tetradentate ligand around CuGL2 and NiGL2 was determined by X-ray crystallography with the sugar moieties remaining pendant. The coordination properties of H2GL1,2 were also investigated by potentiometry, and as expected, both ligands displayed a higher affinity for Cu2+ over Zn2+ with H2GL1 displaying better coordinating ability at physiological pH. Both H2GL1 and H2GL2 were found to reduce Zn2+- and Cu2+- induced Abeta1-40 aggregation in vitro, further demonstrating the potential of these multifunctional agents as AD therapeutics.
CONGENITAL X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (2006)

OCT examinations of patients with CXLRS reveal lamellar schisis in areas of ophthalmoscopically normal macular retina in 82% of eyes with the clinical diagnosis of CXLRS. Using both clinical examination and OCT, the authors were able to identify foveal, lamellar, and peripheral schisis, lamellar schisis only identifiable by OCT. These findings allow the authors to propose a classification system. The authors hope this classification system will allow a better understanding of the natural history of CXLRS disease and allow testing of therapeutic options.
Strain Energies in Hydrocarbons from Heats of Combustion. III. 3,4,5,6- and 2,4,5,7-Tetramethylphenanthrenes1a (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrain Energies in Hydrocarbons from Heats of Combustion. III. 3,4,5,6- and 2,4,5,7-Tetramethylphenanthrenes1aHarold A. Karnes, Brian D. Kybett, Mary H. Wilson, John L. Margrave, and Melvin S. NewmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 24, 5554–5558Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00952a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00952a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A particle-based variational approach to Bayesian Non-negative Matrix Factorization (2018)

Bayesian Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a promising approach for understanding uncertainty and structure in matrix data. However, a large volume of applied work optimizes traditional non-Bayesian NMF objectives that fail to provide a principled understanding of the non-identifiability inherent in NMF-- an issue ideally addressed by a Bayesian approach. Despite their suitability, current Bayesian NMF approaches have failed to gain popularity in an applied setting; they sacrifice flexibility in modeling for tractable computation, tend to get stuck in local modes, and require many thousands of samples for meaningful uncertainty estimates. We address these issues through a particle-based variational approach to Bayesian NMF that only requires the joint likelihood to be differentiable for tractability, uses a novel initialization technique to identify multiple modes in the posterior, and allows domain experts to inspect a `small' set of factorizations that faithfully represent the posterior. We introduce and employ a class of likelihood and prior distributions for NMF that formulate a Bayesian model using popular non-Bayesian NMF objectives. On several real datasets, we obtain better particle approximations to the Bayesian NMF posterior in less time than baselines and demonstrate the significant role that multimodality plays in NMF-related tasks.
Species in Captivity: Stress in Agriculture and Aquaculture and Effects on Habitat Loss (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Management of Wild Species Species in Captivity Summary
Conventional and molecular cytogenetics of human non-medullary thyroid carcinoma: characterization of eight cell line models and review of the literature on clinical samples (2008)

We provide the genomic background of seven independent thyroid carcinoma models representative of the clinical tumors of the corresponding histotypes, and highlight regions of recurrent aberrations that may guide future studies aimed at identifying target genes. Our findings further support the importance of routinely performing cytogenetic studies on cell lines, to detect cross-contamination mishaps such as those identified here.
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Reconstruction with a Polyglycolic Acid Bioabsorbable Nerve Conduit (1992)

A custom-designed polyglycolic acid (PGA) bioabsorbable nerve conduit was used to reconstruct a 25-mm defect in the right inferior alveolar nerve. The initial nerve injury, following a dental extraction, resulted in loss of lower lip sensation and severe facial pain. Sixteen months after tooth extraction, with no improvement in symptomatology, the alveolar canal was enlarged in diameter by means of mandibular osteotomy to accommodate a 2-mm-diameter polyglycolic acid tube. The proximal end of the inferior alveolar nerve was sutured into the polyglycolic acid tube. The mental nerve was sutured into the distal end of the tube. Pain of neural origin was relieved in the early postoperative period. Two years following nerve reconstruction, pain relief remains excellent and perception of pressure and vibration is similar to the thresholds for these perceptions on the contralateral lip.
A study on the polymerization of energetic prepolymer(GDNPF) (2005)

We synthesized an energetic prepolymer(glycidyl dinitro propyl formal, GDNPF) for plastic-bonded explosive and measured its thermodynamic parameters. Glycidyl dinitro propyl formal(GDNPF) as an energetic monomer was epoxidized from allyl-2,2-dinitro propyl formal which is reacted with dinitro propyl alcohol and excess allyl alcohol, and then energetic polymer of GDNPF was polymerized by cationic ring opening polymerization. Thermodynamic parameters were obtained from the ceiling temperature() values of 1 mole monomer at reaction temperature. We varied feed rate of monomer, concentration of initiator and monomer to control molecular weight and polydispersity of prepolymer (GDNPF). The activated monomer polymerization has been executed with precisely controlled feed of GDNPF monomer to reactor in the complex state catalyst generated by and 1,4-butanediol in . Number average molecular weight(Mn), polydispersity(Pd), hydroxy number and glass transition temperature() of prepolymer(GDNPF) were respectively.
Novel Reflectometry Method Based on Time Reversal for Cable Aging Characterization (2012)

International audience
Defect Passivation by Pyridine-Carbazole Molecules for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

The defects in the light-harvesting perovskite absorber layer play a key role in limiting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and long-term stability of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although organic ammonium halides have been used for defect passivation in high-performance PSCs, the stability issue is still a challenge. Herein, we develop a novel material of pyridine-carbazole (Py-Cz) to passivate defects via coordination bonding. With this passivation, the photoluminescence intensity of perovskite films was increased. In addition, the formation of under-coordinated Pb2+ defects in perovskite films was reduced significantly, enabling high-performance and long-term stable PSCs. Three different sets of PSCs were constructed, namely, without passivation, with phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) (commonly used for passivation), and with Py-Cz passivation. Remarkably, the PSCs fabricated using the Py-Cz passivation not only achieved PCEs of over 20% but also retained 85% of their initial performances over more than 5000 h. In contrast, the PSCs without or with PEAI passivation degraded quickly during the long-term operational stability test under light illumination. This method opens up a new opportunity to develop highly efficient and operationally stable PSCs.
Basics of compounding with acids. (2015)

Compounding with acids has presented some confusion in recent years due to a lack of clarity in procedures and the labeling to be used. The difficulty centers around the availability of concentrated acids on a weeght/weight (w/w) basis and the compounding use of dilute acids on a weight/volume (w/v) basis. This article will clarify the confusing areas and attempt to provide a clear procedure for implementation in compounding pharmacies.
Detection of Guanine and Adenine Using an Aminated Reduced Graphene Oxide Functional Membrane-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2017)

A new electrochemical sensor based on a Nafion, aminated reduced graphene oxide and chitosan functional membrane-modified glassy carbon electrode was proposed for the simultaneous detection of adenine and guanine. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical methods were utilized for the additional characterization of the membrane materials. The prepared electrode was utilized for the detection of guanine (G) and adenine (A). The anodic peak currents to G and A were linear in the concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 120 μM and 0.2 to 110 μM, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.1 μM and 0.2 μM, respectively. Moreover, the modified electrode could also be used to determine G and A in calf thymus DNA.
Chevron sutureless closure: A preliminary report (1991)

An inverted V-shaped cataract incision with a scleral tunnel entry into the anterior chamber was used in 700 eyes. Two details distinguish this incision from other sutureless closures: the fulcrum in the crotch of the V provides easier access to the anterior chamber for instrument manipulation, and the termination of the scleral tunnel entry posterior to the cornea lessens the likelihood of corneal folds that may interfere with visualization during surgery. The surgical results in a preliminary survey show minimal iatrogenic change in corneal toricity and the type of complications usually associated with conventional cataract surgery.
Incremental fuzzy clustering for document categorization (2014)

Incremental clustering has been proposed to handle large datasets which can not fit into memory entirely. Single pass fuzzy c-means (SpFCM) and Online fuzzy c-means (OFCM) are two representative incremental fuzzy clustering methods. Both of them extend the scalability of fuzzy c-means (FCM) by processing the dataset chunk by chunk. However, due to the data sparsity and high-dimensionality, SpFCM and OFCM fail to produce reasonable results for document data. In this study, we work on clustering approaches that take care of both the large-scale and high-dimensionality issues. Specifically, we propose two methods for incrementally clustering of document data. The first method is a modification of the existing FCM-based incremental clustering with a step to normalize the centroids in each iteration, while the other method is incremental clustering, i.e., Single-Pass or Online, with weighted fuzzy co-clustering. We use several benchmark document datasets for experimental study. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches achieved significant improvements over existing SpFCM and OFCM in document clustering.
Sulfur Extrusion Reaction: A Versatile Cyclic β-Enamino Ester Synthesis from Secondary α-Bromo Esters (1994)

Various commercial secondary α-bromo esters 2 react with five-membered thiolactams 1 in a direct sulfur extrusion reaction to give N-alkylated tetrasubstituted cyclic β-enamino esters 4 in good yields.