gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of mammalian cells by overexpressing H2O2-generating peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase. (1995)

Peroxisome proliferators induce qualitatively predictable pleiotropic responses, including development of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats and mice despite the inability of these compounds to interact with and damage DNA directly. In view of the nongenotoxic nature of peroxisome proliferators, it has been postulated that hepatocarcinogenesis by this class of chemicals is due to a receptor-mediated process leading to transcriptional activation of H2O2-generating peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) in liver. To test this hypothesis, we overexpressed rat ACOX in African green monkey kidney cells (CV-1 cells) under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. A stably transfected CV-1 cell line overexpressing rat ACOX, designated CV-ACOX4, when exposed to a fatty acid substrate (150 microM linoleic acid) for 2-6 weeks, formed transformed foci, grew efficiently in soft agar, and developed adenocarcinomas when transplanted into nude mice. These findings indicate that sustained overexpression of H2O2-generating ACOX causes cell transformation and provide further support for the role of peroxisome proliferation in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by peroxisome proliferators.
Stat3 and Th17-mediated colitis promotes regional tumorigenesis in response to a common commensal bacterium: role of Foxp3+ Treg/Th17 balance (90.17) (2010)

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an inducer of inflammatory diarrheal disease with acute colitis, and may even be linked to chronic colitis and colorectal cancer in humans. The pathogenesis of ETBF can largely be attributed to the secretion of a toxin, BFT (B. fragilis toxin), which has a profound effect on the colonic microenvironment. BFT promotes cleavage of E-cadherin, activates NF-kB and Wnt/b-catenin signaling, and stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a. The inflammation associated with ETBF is characterized by widespread colonic Stat3 activation and IL-17 cytokine secretion. In Min mice, the Th17-mediated inflammation promotes the formation of distal colon tumors, as demonstrated by reduced tumorigenesis in response to IL-17 blockade. Our research has been focused on elucidating the immunologic differences between the distal and proximal colon in an attempt to determine why tumorigenesis is so regional. We have found that the proximal colon has a greater density of Foxp3+ Tregs than the distal colon. Furthermore, preliminary data suggests that the Th17 cytokines are differentially expressed in the two regions. We propose that increased Treg density in the proximal colon restrains Th17-mediated inflammation relative to the distal colon. We are currently studying the relationship between the Treg cells and infiltrating effector cells and how that affects tumorigenesis in response to ETBF.
A proportional-fair power allocation scheme for fair and efficient multiuser OFDM systems (2005)

In this paper we investigate adaptive resource allocation schemes in multiuser OFDM systems for fair share of resources and efficient operation. We employ the CDF-based scheduling (CS) algorithm for the subcarrier allocation, taking advantage of its distinctive feature of analyzability and multiuser diversity. Noting that conventional power allocation schemes do not exhibit efficient and fair operations in heterogeneous user channel environments, we present a new algorithm called proportional-fair power allocation (PFPA). This algorithm is designed to allocate transmission power in such a way that the resulting relative throughput-increment is identical for all subcarriers. The PFPA algorithm is shown to be equivalent to the power allocation of the asymptotically optimal algorithm which exhibits the largest achievable region in the asymptotic case. Numerical results reveal that the combined CS-PFPA algorithm improves the overall system capacity in terms of time-average throughput and provides efficient estimation of user performance. Further, the CS-PFPA algorithm can meet each user's requirements using a minimum amount of resources, so it renders an efficient and fair means for resource allocation in multiuser OFDM systems.
Secreted reporter proteins, a valuable complementary tool for non-invasive preclinical monitoring of brain tumour growth (2016)

Malignant glioma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common and aggressive primary brain cancers with a very low dismal mean survival after initial diagnosis (1), emphasizing the need for novel treatment options. Several novel therapeutics have been identified for the treatment of malignant brain tumours, but despite strong preclinical data, very few successes have been achieved in clinical trials (2). The dichotomy between potential successful preclinical therapeutic agents and the ineffectiveness of the drug in patients underscores the need for better predictive preclinical models. The ideal model is a highly reproducible tumour model that mimics the key histopathological, genetic and imaging characteristics encountered in human GBMs. The most relevant models are isogenic orthotopic models, in which the complex micro-environmental interaction between glioma cells, the central nervous system and the immune system are present during tumour growth and treatment (3).
Realization of biped walking on soft ground with stabilization control based on gait analysis (2012)

This paper describes a walking stabilization control on a soft ground based on gait analysis for a humanoid robot. There are many researches on gait analysis on a hard ground, but few scientists analyze the walking ability of human beings on a soft ground. Therefore, we conducted anthropometric measurement using a motion capture system on a soft ground. By analyzing experimental data, we obtained two findings. The first finding is that although there are no significant differences in step width and step length, step height tends to increase to avoid the collision between the feet and a soft ground. The second finding is that there are no significant differences in the lateral CoM trajectories but the vertical CoM amplitude increases when walking on a soft ground. Based on these findings, we developed a walking stabilization control to stabilize the CoM motion in the lateral direction on a soft ground. Verification of the proposed control is conducted through experiments with a human-sized humanoid robot WABIAN-2R. The experimental videos are supplemented.
La faute au faubourg ? Le recours aux médicaments psychotropes en milieu urbain (1996)

¿ La falta es del suburbio ? El empleo de medicamentos psicotropos en entorno urbano El consumo de medicamentos psicotropos se reparte en la aglomeración de Ruán de acuerdo con los factores objetivos de exposición a la enfermedad y con las maneras más subjetivas de cuidarse y de hacer frente. Los mayores consumos se localizan en los antiguos arrabales industriales y las urbanizaciones de vivienda obrera, sin que pueda no obstante establecerse un vinculo de causalidad unívoca con los indices de precariedad social. A diferencia de los obreros, especialmente de aquellos que llegan a la edad de la jubilación, las clases medias son consumidoras menos asiduas, dado en buena parte a que están menos expuesto que los primeras a grandes dificultades orgánicas. La dimension social de la enfermedad, tal como se expresa a través de la vida de trabajo y de los valores del grupo de pertenencia, hace que se comprendan sus manifestaciones espaciales.
Aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition of CeO2‐doped Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 films on porous ceramic supports for membrane applications (1996)

Dense stabilized zirconia has a number of important applications because of its oxygen ion conductivity and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Conventional multicomponent CVD has a number of problems, including low precursor delivery rates and premature decomposition. The results in this paper suggest that the novel use of aerosol‐assisted CVD can be used to overcome these problems. The Figure shows the cross section of a CeO 2 ‐doped Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized ZrO 2 film deposited by AACVD. magnified image
Nanostructured Catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (2018)

Abstract Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a heterogeneous catalytic process for the production of fuels or chemicals from synthesis gas (CO + H 2 ), which can be derived from nonpetroleum feedstocks such as natural gas, coal, or biomass. Co, Ru, Fe and Ni are all active in FTS, but only cheaper Fe and Co based catalysts are used in industry because the price of Ru is relatively high. However, the industrial Fe‐ and Co‐ based FTS catalysts normally work at a relatively high temperature range of 493—623 K in order to get a reasonable space time yield. Moreover, the product selectivity of FTS is governed by the law of polymerization, i.e ., a so‐called Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory distribution holds, which restricts its industrial application. In this account, we highlight some of our progress toward the design/fabrication of nanostructured Fe, Co and Ru catalysts to improve FTS activity at the low temperature and to change the product selectivity and confine the product distribution into a certain range.
Activation of β3 Adrenergic Receptors Suppresses Leptin Expression and Mediates a Leptin-Independent Inhibition of Food Intake in Mice (1996)

To examine potential interactions between leptin and the beta3 adrenergic system in the regulation of food intake, we determined the effects of treatment with a selective beta3 adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist (CL 316,243 [1 mg/kg]) on body weight, food intake, and leptin expression. Studies were carried out in C57Bl/6J and FVB male control mice as well as in mice with targeted disruption of the beta3 AR gene. These findings were correlated with measurement of the expression in hypothalamus of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), two neuropeptides that may be involved in the central regulation of food intake. Treatment with CL 316,243 (1 mg/kg) for 12 or 24 h decreased leptin mRNA abundance and circulating levels to 20% of baseline in normal animals. No effect of the CL 316,243 compound was seen in mice with targeted disruption of the beta3 AR gene. Despite the failing leptin levels, beta3 agonist administration acutely suppressed food intake. Finally, the induced suppression of food intake and leptin levels occurred despite unchanged or increased hypothalamic expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and MCH. Thus, beta3 AR agonists via beta3 ARs suppress leptin levels acutely and simultaneously suppress food intake via a mechanism that operates downstream of leptin and two of its putative central targets.
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimatedfrom high-resolution satellite observations (2020)

Abstract. The terrestrial forest carbon pool is poorly quantified, in particular in regions with low forest inventory capacity. By combining multiple satellite observations of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter around the year 2010, we generated a global, spatially explicit dataset of above-ground forest biomass (dry mass, AGB) with a spatial resolution of 1 ha. Using an extensive database of 110,897 AGB measurements from field inventory plots, we show that the spatial patterns and magnitude of AGB are well captured in our map with the exception of regional uncertainties in high carbon stock forests with AGB &gt; 250 Mg ha−1 where the retrieval was effectively based on a single radar observation. With a total global AGB of 522 Pg, our estimate of the terrestrial biomass pool in forests is lower than most estimates published in literature (426–571 Pg). Nonetheless, our dataset increases knowledge on the spatial distribution of AGB compared to the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and highlights the impact of a country’s national inventory capacity on the accuracy of the biomass statistics reported to the FRA. We also reassessed previous remote sensing AGB maps, and identify major biases compared to inventory data, up to 120 % of the inventory value in dry tropical forests, in the sub-tropics and temperate zone. Because of the high level of detail and the overall reliability of the AGB spatial patterns, our global dataset of AGB is likely to have significant impacts on climate, carbon and socio-economic modelling schemes, and provides a crucial baseline in future carbon stock changes estimates. The dataset is available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711 (Santoro, 2018).
FELIX: The new detector readout system for the ATLAS experiment (2017)

After the Phase-I upgrades (2019) of the ATLAS experiment, the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system will be the interface between the data acquisition system and the detector front-end and trigger electronics. FELIX will function as a router between custom serial links and a commodity switch network using standard technologies (Ethernet or Infiniband) to communicate with commercial data collecting and processing components. The system architecture of FELIX will be described and the status of the firmware implementation and hardware development currently in progress will be presented.
Aspects of reverberation algorithms (2006)

Artificial reverberation is used in different domains from cinematography to psychology for enhancement of room's acoustical properties. Reverberation is a phenomenon with benefit effect in music. The paper starts with the presentation of the reverberation phenomenon followed by a description of some early and late reverberation algorithms. Then we show the structure of two complete reverberators: classical and improved ones. The advantages of the latter with respect to the impulse response and natural sounding are pointed out.
복지의존에 관한 실증적 연구: 새로운 개념구성의 적용 (2004)

본 연구는 서구 여러 나라의 복지개혁 논쟁의 중심이 되어 왔던 복지의존의 개념을 우리나라 복지체계에 소개하고, 실증연구를 통해 복지의존 특성이 발견되는지를 규명하기 위해 탐색적으로 시도되었다.
본 연구에서 복지의존이라 함은 공공부조수급 이후 복지수급을 지속적으로 받고자 아는 수급자의 다양한 객관적 및 주관적 특성이다. 복지의존의 측정은 객관적 측면에서는 수급기간과 현금급여의존율, 주관적 측면에서는 자아존중감과 일에 대안 태도를 측정하였고 주관적 측면과 객관적 측면이 상호 부(-)의 상관관계를 보이는지를 분석하였다.
본 연구에서 사용된 자료는 서울시 5개구 10개동의 공공부조수급가구 502 가구 가운데, 가구주 응답 370사례와 근로가능수급자 103사례를 각각 분석하였다.
분석결과, 가구주 전체의 경우 평균 8.6년의 장기 수급기간과 평균 77%의 높은 현금급여 의존율을 보였으나 이는 고령, 무악, 장애, 노인가구 등 열악한 인구학적 특성에 의한 불가피한 상황이었으며, 자아존종감은 보통수준을, 일에 대안 태도는 매우 높은 긍정적 태도를 보이고 있었다. 근로가능수급자의 경우 평균 5.7년의 수급기간, 평균 48%의 연금급여 의존율을 보였으며 중간수준 이상의 자아존중감과 매우 높은 일에 대한 긍정적 태도를 나타냈다.
또한 이들 변수 근 상관관계 분석결과 상관계수가 매우 낮은 수준을 보이고 있어, 아직까지 우리나라 공공부조수급자들의 복지의존 특성은 우려할 만한 수준으로 나타나고 있지 않음을 알 수 있었다.
Elevation of plasma phospholipid transfer protein increases the risk of atherosclerosis despite lower apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (2004)

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) transfers phospholipids between lipoproteins and mediates HDL conversion. PLTP-overexpressing mice have increased atherosclerosis. However, mice do not express cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is involved in the same metabolic pathways as PLTP. Therefore, we studied atherosclerosis in heterozygous LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(+/-)) mice expressing both human CETP and human PLTP. We used two transgenic lines with moderately and highly elevated plasma PLTP activity. In LDLR(+/-)/huCETPtg mice, cholesterol is present in both LDL and HDL. Both are decreased in LDLR(+/-)/huCETPtg/huPLTPtg mice (>50%). An atherogenic diet resulted in high levels of VLDL+LDL cholesterol. PLTP expression caused a strong PLTP dose-dependent decrease in VLDL and LDL cholesterol (-26% and -69%) and a decrease in HDL cholesterol (-70%). Surprisingly, atherosclerosis was increased in the two transgenic lines with moderately and highly elevated plasma PLTP activity (1.9-fold and 4.4-fold, respectively), indicating that the adverse effect of the reduction in plasma HDL outweighs the beneficial effect of the reduction in apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. The activities of the antiatherogenic enzymes paraoxonase and platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase were both PLTP dose-dependently reduced ( approximately -33% and -65%, respectively). We conclude that expression of PLTP in this animal model results in increased atherosclerosis in spite of reduced apoB-containing lipoproteins, by reduction of HDL and of HDL-associated antioxidant enzyme activities.
Novel Library of Selenocompounds as Kinase Modulators (2011)

Although the causes of cancer lie in mutations or epigenic changes at the genetic level, their molecular manifestation is the dysfunction of biochemical pathways at the protein level. The 518 protein kinases encoded by the human genome play a central role in various diseases, a fact that has encouraged extensive investigations on their biological function and three dimensional structures. Selenium (Se) is an important nutritional trace element involved in different physiological functions with antioxidative, antitumoral and chemopreventive properties. The mechanisms of action for selenocompounds as anticancer agents are not fully understood, but kinase modulation seems to be a possible pathway. Various organosulfur compounds have shown antitumoral and kinase inhibition effects but, in many cases, the replacement of sulfur by selenium improves the antitumoral effect of compounds. Although Se atom possesses a larger atomic volume and nucleophilic character than sulfur, Se can also formed interactions with aminoacids of the catalytic centers of proteins. So, we propose a novel chemical library that includes organoselenium compounds as kinase modulators. In this study thirteen selenocompounds have been evaluated at a concentration of 3 or 10 µM in a 24 kinase panel using a Caliper LabChip 3000 Drug Discover Platform. Several receptor (EGFR, IGFR1, FGFR1…) and non-receptor (Abl) kinases have been selected, as well as serine/threonine/lipid kinases (AurA, Akt, CDKs, MAPKs…) implicated in main cancer pathways: cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, angiogenesis regulation among them. The obtained results showed that two compounds presented inhibition values higher than 50% in at least four kinases and seven derivatives selectively inhibited one or two kinases. Furthermore, three compounds selectively activated IGF-1R kinase with values ranging from -98% to -211%. In conclusion, we propose that the replacement of sulfur by selenium seems to be a potential and useful strategy in the search of novel chemical compound libraries against cancer as kinase modulators.
Evaluation of DEFINDER (2001)

In this paper we present DEFINDER, a rule-based system that mines cons umer-oriented full text articles in order to extract definitions and the terms they define. This research is part of Digital Library Project at Columbia University, entitled PERSIVAL (PErsonalized Retrieval and Summarization of Image, Video and Language resources) [5]. One goal of the project is to present information to patients in language they can understand. A key component of this stage is to provide accurate and readable lay definitions for technical terms, which may be present in articles of intermediate complexity.
Transverse Slicing of the Sixth–Seventh Costal Cartilaginous Junction (2015)

The technique of transverse slicing costal cartilage from the sixth-seventh junction minimizes warp compared with traditional carving methods providing ample grafts of adequate length and versatility for reconstructive requirements.
Investigating the nature of the extended structure around the Herbig star RCrA using integral field and high-resolution spectroscopy (2019)

\nContext. We present a detailed analysis of the extended structure detected around the young and close-by Herbig Ae/Be star R CrA. This is a young triple system with an intermediate mass central binary whose separation is of the order of a few tens of the radii of the individual components, and an M-star companion at about 30 au.\nAims. Our aim is to understand the nature of the extended structure by means of combining integral-field and high-resolution spectroscopy.\nMethods. We conducted the analysis based on FEROS archival optical spectroscopy data and adaptive optics images and integral-field spectra obtained with SINFONI and SPHERE at the VLT.\nResults. The observations reveal a complex extended structure that is composed of at least two components: a non-uniform wide cavity whose walls are detected in continuum emission up to 400 au, and a collimated wiggling-jet detected in the emission lines of helium and hydrogen. Moreover, the presence of [Fe <sc>II</sc>] emission projected close to the cavity walls suggests the presence of a slower moving wind, most likely a disk wind. The multiple components of the optical forbidden lines also indicate the presence of a high-velocity jet co-existing with a slow wind. We constructed a geometrical model of the collimated jet flowing within the cavity using intensity and velocity maps, finding that its wiggling is consistent with the orbital period of the central binary. The cavity and the jet do not share the same position angle, suggesting that the jet is itself experiencing a precession motion possibly due to the wide M-dwarf companion.\nConclusions. We propose a scenario that closely agrees with the general expectation of a magneto-centrifugal-launched jet. These results build upon the extensive studies already conducted on R CrA.\n
Efficacy of Unilamellar Liposomal Amphotericin B in Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Persistently Granulocytopenic Rabbits: The Potential Role of Bronchoalveolar D-Mannitol and Serum Galactomannan as Markers of Infection (1994)

A model of primary pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits was developed to reproduce the persistent levels of profound granulocytopenia and the histopathologic features of bronchopneumonia, vascular invasion, and hemorrhagic infarction encountered in humans. D-mannitol was detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, and galactomannan was measurable in serum by latex agglutination immunoassay. A pharmacokinetically distinctive unilamellar vesicle formulation of liposomal amphotericin B, 5 mg/kg/day intravenously, compared with high-dose conventional desoxycholate amphotericin B, 1 mg/kg/day intravenously, was more effective in preventing nephrotoxicity, increasing survival, reducing the number of viable organisms, and decreasing tissue injury due to Aspergillus organisms. Thus, D-mannitol in lavage fluid and galactomannan in serum may be useful markers of pulmonary aspergillosis, and liposomal amphotericin B was significantly more effective and safer than desoxycholate amphotericin B for treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in profoundly granulocytopenic rabbits.
A new distributed instrument for real time ethernet networks: experimental tests and characterization (2007)

This paper discusses the use of distributed instruments for performance evaluation of real-time Ethernet (RTE) networks. A new instrument, composed of several logging probes connected in different points of a RTE target network, is characterized and compared with commercially available test equipments. The most important problem in performance evaluation is the timestamp assignment to network events; special attention has been paid in measuring synchronization uncertainty among probes. In fact, experimental results show a synchronization accuracy less than 150 ns on timestamp assignments among probes of the same instrument. In the last part of the paper, a sample application on a real network has been described, illustrating the use of the proposed instrument.