gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What is a representative brain? Neuroscience meets population science (2013)

The last decades of neuroscience research have produced immense progress in the methods available to understand brain structure and function. Social, cognitive, clinical, affective, economic, communication, and developmental neurosciences have begun to map the relationships between neuro-psychological processes and behavioral outcomes, yielding a new understanding of human behavior and promising interventions. However, a limitation of this fast moving research is that most findings are based on small samples of convenience. Furthermore, our understanding of individual differences may be distorted by unrepresentative samples, undermining findings regarding brain-behavior mechanisms. These limitations are issues that social demographers, epidemiologists, and other population scientists have tackled, with solutions that can be applied to neuroscience. By contrast, nearly all social science disciplines, including social demography, sociology, political science, economics, communication science, and psychology, make assumptions about processes that involve the brain, but have incorporated neural measures to differing, and often limited, degrees; many still treat the brain as a black box. In this article, we describe and promote a perspective--population neuroscience--that leverages interdisciplinary expertise to (i) emphasize the importance of sampling to more clearly define the relevant populations and sampling strategies needed when using neuroscience methods to address such questions; and (ii) deepen understanding of mechanisms within population science by providing insight regarding underlying neural mechanisms. Doing so will increase our confidence in the generalizability of the findings. We provide examples to illustrate the population neuroscience approach for specific types of research questions and discuss the potential for theoretical and applied advances from this approach across areas.
Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of nitrilase from Aspergillus nigerK10 (2011)

The nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10 is highly homologous (≥86%) with proteins deduced from gene sequencing in Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. As the first of these proteins, it was shown to exhibit nitrilase activity towards organic nitriles. The comparison of the Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT suggested that the catalytic properties of nitrilases may be changed due to missing posttranslational cleavage of the former enzyme. Nit-ANigRec exhibits a lower tendency to form filaments and, moreover, the sample homogeneity can be further improved by in vitro protein refolding. The homogeneous protein species consisting of short spirals is expected to be more suitable for structural studies.
Validation of an Ambulatory Capacity Measure in Parkinson Disease: A Construct Derived from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (2015)

The ACM and the PIGD are valid global measures and accurately reflect the combined effects of the various components of ambulatory capacity in PD patients with HY stages 1-4.
Deaths from narcotism in New York City. Incidence, circumstances, and postmortem findings. (1966)

This report includes introductory background information describing the evolution of narcotic addiction as it is encountered today in the large metropolis of New York City. This study is based on more than thirty years experience of investigating officially the circumstances and determining the cause of all deaths of addicts occurring during that period of time.The statistical, illustrative, and pathologic data indicate an increasing number of deaths from narcotic addiction in the City of New York during the years 1950 through 1964, a total period of fifteen years. Statistical tables with detailed information of yearly and monthly incidence, racial and sex incidence, age distribution, marital status, occupation, geographic distribution by borough and district, character of premises where deceased was found, causes of death and postmortem findings, and present methods used for administration of drugs by addicts are described. The increasing incidence and total number of deaths due to addiction are of great...
Computational Hydraulic Analysis of a Deepwater Well Drilled With Synthetic-Based Mud in a Riserless Drilling Configuration (1998)

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the temperatures and dynamic pressures occuring in a riserless-drilling-configuration deep water well by circulating a synthetic-based mud and also discusses some aspects of the effects of gas solubility on kick detection in this new configuration. A numerical model has been developed to simulate the mud flow through the drillstring-riserless/return line system. The simulator is based on the numerical solution for the system of flow equations using finite-difference approximations. The model accounts for the pressure and temperature dependence of mud viscosity and mud density. Through a sensitivity analysis, the effects of pertinent parameters - specially the circulation rate - on the pressures generated in the system are examined. P. 347
The effect of sub-oxide phases on the transparency of tin-doped gallium oxide (2016)

There have been a number of studies on the fabrication of Sn-doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3:Sn) films with both conductive and transparent properties using a variety of deposition methods. However, often, synthesis results in films that are not transparent. In this paper, we examine the mechanisms underlying these results in Ga2O3:Sn thin films prepared at various growth temperatures, Sn concentrations, and oxygen partial pressures. With X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, we find that when films are grown under the oxygen deficient conditions there are Ga sub-oxide and SnOx phases in the Ga2O3:Sn thin film. These Ga sub-oxide phases are only found in non-transparent films, and so we infer that the Ga sub-oxide is responsible for the non-transparency. These observations suggest that to obtain transparent Ga2O3:Sn, films deposition or subsequent annealing must be carefully controlled in both temperature and oxygen partial pressure to avoid the formation of Ga sub-oxide phases.
Asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-podophyllotoxin (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric total synthesis of (-)-podophyllotoxinRobert C. Andrews, Simon J. Teague, and Albert I. MeyersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 23, 7854–7858Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00231a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2066Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual wound machines for electric ship power systems (2015)

Electric Ship Power Systems, with integrated ship service and propulsion segments, offer significant advantages to warship designers and particularly so in the context of high and directed energy weapon systems. Practical considerations lead to a mix of prime mover and generator sizes being used but straightforward inter-connection between them leaves each subsystem vulnerable to influences imposed by the other. The concept of tandem generators - either separate electrical machines, or tandem electrical machines in one frame - driven from one prime mover, attempts to square this circle by providing galvanic isolation between the two sub-systems whilst still feeding each from common prime movers. But the two machines are difficult to integrate closely, especially if both use optimal lengths and diameters. One solution is to use a dual wound machine whereby the windings of the two separate generators share the same slots. This paper considers such a dual wound machine from the perspective of its air gap flux density and considers how much electro-magnetic isolation between the two circuits will exist.
ApoA-I Infusion Therapies Following Acute Coronary Syndrome: Past, Present, and Future (2022)

Three major ApoA-I-based approaches (MDCO-216, CER-001, and CSL111/CSL112) have aimed to enhance reverse cholesterol transport. These three therapies differ considerably in both lipid and protein composition. MDCO-216 contains recombinant ApoA-I Milano, CER-001 contains recombinant wild-type human ApoA-I, and CSL111/CSL112 contains native ApoA-I isolated from human plasma. Two of the three agents studied to date (apoA-1 Milano and CER-001) have undergone evaluation by intravascular ultrasound imaging, a technique that gauges lesion volume well but does not assess other important variables that may relate to clinical outcomes. ApoA-1 Milano and CER-001 reduce lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, potentially impairing the function of HDL in reverse cholesterol transport. Furthermore, apoA-I Milano can compete with and alter the function of the recipient's endogenous apoA-I. In contrast to these agents, CSL112, a particle formulated using human plasma apoA-I and phosphatidylcholine, increases LCAT activity and does not lead to the malfunction of endogenous apoA-I. CSL112 robustly increases cholesterol efflux, promotes reverse cholesterol transport, and now is being tested in a phase III clinical trial. Phase II-b studies of MDCO-216 and CER-001 failed to produce a significant reduction in coronary plaque volume as assessed by IVUS. However, the investigation to determine whether the direct infusion of a reconstituted apoA-I reduces post-myocardial infarction coronary events is being tested using CSL112, which is dosed at a higher level than MDCO-216 and CER-001 and has more favorable pharmacodynamics.
Exploring representation problems using hypertext (1987)

Hypertext is a technology well-suited to exploring different kinds of representational problems. It can be used first as an informal mechanism to describe the attributes of objects and to capture relationships between the objects. Then hypertext structures can be constrained into a more formal representation of a domain, model, or analytic technique. A range of strategies for using hypertext can be employed to describe a problem and converge on an appropriate representation; competing representations can be informally evaluated to compare their relative expressive power.
The Use of Echoencephalography to Differentiate Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Softening (1968)

U 'LTRASOUND wave was first used in the diagnosis of intracranial disease by Dussik 2 in 1942 when he applied an ultrasonic transmission method. In recent years a reflection method has been used with excellent results. Ultrasonic diagnosis of intracranial disease is based on the observation of the shift of the midline echo, which corresponds with the reflected echo of the midline structure, as well as on the observation of the reflected echo derived from the intracranial lesion itself. We have found in our surgical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage that it has often been difficult to differentiate intracerebral hemorrhage from cerebral softening. In intracerebral hemorrhage the echogram shows a midline echo shift whereas in cerebral softening there is none. We have found, however, that when the hematoma is small enough not to produce a midline echo shift, the hematoma echo with its multiple spike-like pattern derived from hematoma itself is a better diagnostic guide. 6-8 We are now reporting our experiences with echoencephalography in the differential diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral softening, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
LES MODELLING OF PROPAGATING TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAMES USING A DYNAMIC FLAME SURFACE DENSITY MODEL (2007)

A Dynamic flame surface density (DFSD) model, developed recently from\nexperimental images for transient turbulent premixed flames, is implemented and tested using\nthe large eddy simulation (LES) modelling technique. Numerical predictions from DFSD\nmodel are compared with those predicted using the flame surface density (FSD) sub-grid\nscale (SGS) model for reaction rate. In the SGS-DFSD model, dynamic formulation of the\nreaction rate is coupled with the fractal analysis of the flame front structure. The fractal\ndimension is evaluated dynamically from an empirical formula based on the sub-grid velocity\nfluctuations. A laboratory scale combustion chamber with inbuilt solid obstacles is used for\nmodel validation and comparisons. The flame is initiated from igniting a stichiometric\npropane/air mixture from stagnation. The results obtained with the DFSD model are in good\ncomparisons with experimental data and the essential features of turbulent premixed\ncombustion are well captured. It has also been observed that the SGS-DFSD model for\nreaction rate found to capture the unresolved flame surface density contributions. Further\ninvestigations are planned to examine and validate of the SGS-DFSD for different flow\ngeometries.
Efficient higher order MoM-VIE/MoM-SIE/diakoptics computation of scattering from finite arrays of arbitrary dielectric objects (2014)

The method of moments (MoM) has been established as a powerful general tool for discretizing integral equations arising in numerical analysis of radiating and scattering structures. In MoM techniques based on the volume integral equation (VIE) approach, a structure is represented by a distribution of unknown volume polarization and conduction currents radiating in free space. MoM techniques based on the surface integral equation (SIE) approach treat electric and magnetic equivalent surface currents as unknowns in the numerical process. However, one general way to enhance the practical applicability and efficiency of both the MoM-VIE and MoM-SIE techniques is by means of the diakoptic method (E. Chobanyan, D. I. Olcan, M. M. Ilic, and B. M. Notaros, “Combining Diakoptic, VIE-MoM, and SIE-MoM Approaches in Analysis of Dielectric Scatterers,” Proc. 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium).
Efficient integration and translation of value added services for converging networks using middleware platforms (2002)

Value added services known from legacy telecommunications networks are predominantly based on ITU's intelligent network (IN) definitions. Due to the forthcoming network convergence to IP-based networks and the tremendous growth of telecommunications markets these services have to be distributed over a wide range of heterogeneous hardware platforms. Nevertheless, the interconnection to existing circuit-switched networks has to be taken into account. This paper discusses different design aspects for a gateway between CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) and IN-based services and suggests a dynamic as well as a static approach. Ongoing studies will optimise and evaluate these approaches.
Design of the MUC-6 evaluation (1995)

The sixth in a series of "Message Understanding Conferences", which are designed to promote and evaluate research in information extraction, was held last fall. MUC-6 introduced several innovations over prior MUCs, most notably in the range of different tasks for which evaluations were conducted. We describe the development of the "message understanding" task over the course of the prior MUCs, some of the motivations for the new format, and the steps which led up to the formal evaluation.
Tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives inhibit binding of a Tat‐like, arginine‐containing peptide, to HIV TAR RNA in vitro (1995)

The ability of a small molecule, 2-methyl,4-carboxy,5-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (THP(A)), which accumulates intracellularly in various streptomyces, to inhibit the interaction of Tat peptide (R52) with TAR RNA is presented. Using gel-shift assay, we found that the inhibition constant Ki of THP(A) is 50-100 nM, which is in the range of the binding constants of Tat peptide and protein. THP(A) is approximately 10(6) times more tightly bound than the free L-arginine. The high binding affinity may be attributed to the special delocalized positive charge on the NCN group and the hydroxyl group at the 5 position of this molecule. A model for THP(A)-TAR interaction, analogous to the arginine guanidinum group-TAR interaction, is presented. The relatively high uptake of THP(A) by mammalian cells warrants in vivo Tat/TAR inhibition studies.
Quantification of the articular view of the elbow afforded by standard portals using 30° arthroscopy (2017)

The present study is the first to quantify the FOV of elbow arthroscopy. The majority of the anterior and posterior humerus articular surface can be seen through standard portals. The limitations in FOV are primarily confined to the radial head and trochlear notch.
Miniature RF MEMS switched Capacitors using Nanogaps to achieve 50ns switching Speed Capabilities (2010)

International audience
High-throughput Gene Expression Analysis to Investigate Host-pathogen Interaction in Avian Coccidiosis (2007)

Poultry products including meat and eggs constitute a major protein source in the American diet and disease-causing pathogens represent major challenges to the poultry industry. More than 95% of pathogens enter the host through the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts and over the past few decades, the two main mechanisms used to control diseases have been the use of vaccines and antibiotics. However, in the poultry industry, there are mounting concerns over the ability of current vaccines to adequately protect against emerging hyper-virulent strains of pathogens and a lack of suitable, cost effective adjuvants. Thorough investigation of the immunogenetic responses involved in host-pathogen interactions will lead to the development of new and effective strategies for improving poultry health, food safety and the economic viability of the US poultry industry. In this paper, I describe the development of immunogenomic and proteomic tools to fundamentally determine and characterize the immunological mechanisms of the avian host to economically significant mucosal pathogens such as Eimeria. Recent completion of poultry genome sequencing and the development of several tissue-specific cDNA libraries in chickens are facilitating the rapid application of functional immunogenomics in the poultry disease research. Furthermore, research involving functional genomics, immunology and bioinformatics is providing novel insights into the processes of disease and immunity to microbial pathogens at mucosal surfaces. In this presentation, a new strategy of global gene expression using avian macrophage (AMM) to characterize the multiple pathways related to the variable immune responses of the host to Eimeria is described. This functional immunogenomics approach will increase current understanding of how mucosal immunity to infectious agents operates, and how it may be enhanced to enable the rational development of new and effective strategies against coccidiosis and other mucosal pathogens.
Coverage Probability and Achievable Rate Analysis of FFR-Aided Multi-User OFDM-Based MIMO and SIMO Systems (2015)

Expressions are derived for the coverage probability and average rate of both multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) and single input multiple output (SIMO) systems in the context of a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme. In particular, given a reuse region of 1/3 (FR3) and a reuse region of 1 (FR1) as well as a signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) threshold S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> , which decides the user assignment to either the FR1 or FR3 regions, we theoretically show that: 1) the optimal choice of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> which maximizes the coverage probability is S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> = T, where T is the target SINR required for ensuring adequate coverage, and 2) the optimal choice of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> which maximizes the average rate is given by S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> = T', where T' is a function of the path loss exponent, the number of antennas and of the fading parameters. The impact of frequency domain correlation amongst the OFDM sub-bands allocated to the FR1 and FR3 cell-regions is analysed and it is shown that the presence of correlation reduces both the coverage probability and the average throughput of the FFR network. Furthermore, the performance of our FFR-aided MU-MIMO and SIMO systems is compared. Our analysis shows that the (2 × 2) MU-MIMO system achieves 22.5% higher rate than the (1 × 3) SIMO system and for lower target SINRs, the coverage probability of a (2 × 2) MU-MIMO system is comparable to a (1 × 3) SIMO system. Hence the former one may be preferred over the latter. Our simulation results closely match the analytical results.