gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mexican Older Adults: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) (2020)

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION We estimated the prevalence and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes in Mexican population using the cognitive aging ancillary study of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. METHODS Using a robust norms approach and comprehensive neuropsychological criteria, we determined MCI in a sample of adult Mexicans (N=1,807;55-97years). Additionally, we determined prevalence rates using traditional criteria. RESULTS Prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged 4.3% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age and rurality. Depression, diabetes and low educational attainment were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Using traditional criteria, prevalence of MCI was lower (2.2% amnestic MCI, other subtypes ranged 1.3%-2.4%). DISCUSSION Older age, depression, low education, diabetes, and rurality were associated with increased risk of MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are likely multifactorial and may vary by MCI subtype. Research in Context Systematic review We reviewed the literature using Google Scholar and PubMed. Few studies have reported prevalence rates for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Mexican population. These studies have primarily relied on limited cognitive assessments, and diverse MCI criteria. Evaluating the prevalence of MCI with a robust neuropsychological approach can help understand the rates and risk factors associated with MCI across a large and representative sample of the aging Mexican population. Interpretation Various sociodemographic and health factors such as older age, depression, low education, diabetes, and rurality were significant correlates of MCI and differed by MCI subtype. Future directions Longitudinal studies will be needed to evaluate the diagnostic stability of MCI over time, and its association with incident dementia. Future work will evaluate the casual path of these sociodemographic and health factors on cognitive impairment to develop effective interventions.
Voltage clamp of the Aplysia giant neurone: early sodium and calcium currents (1970)

1. The membrane properties of the Aplysia giant neurone were studied under controlled voltage conditions. Emphasis was placed on the early transient currents resulting from step polarizations applied while the ganglion was immersed in different test solutions.2. Early inward-going currents were observed when the neurone was bathed in normal saline (containing both Na and Ca), in Ca-free (Na-containing) saline, in Na-free (Ca-containing) saline, and in the normal saline to which tetrodotoxin 10(-5) g/ml. was added. When both Na and Ca are absent from the bathing solution no evidence for early inward-going current could be found.3. When tetrodotoxin is added to the normal saline, the maximum inward-going current is reduced, and no further reduction of this current is observed when the external Na-concentration is subsequently halved in the presence of the drug. When the external Ca-concentration is increased fivefold in the presence of the drug, the maximum transient current increases significantly.4. Hyperpolarizing prepulses result in a membrane inactivation in the presence of tetrodotoxin or in the absence of Na. In the presence of Na (and absence of tetrodotoxin) no such voltage-dependent inactivation occurs, and for this case, inactivation results only from depolarizing prepulses.
How Pervasive is the Product Cycle? The Empirical Dynamics of American and Japanese Trade Flows (1991)

This paper looks for dynamic patterns in international trade flows using multilateral American and Japanese data disaggregated to the four-digit SITC level. Little evidence is found of product-cycle dynamics between 1962 and 1988; rather, goods that begin the sample in surplus (deficit) tend to remain in surplus (deficit) throughout the sample.
Measurement of Spatial Resolution and Sensitivity in Transmission and Backscattering Raman Spectroscopy of Opaque Samples: Impact on Pharmaceutical Quality Control and Raman Tomography (2010)

A practical methodology is described that allows measurement of spatial resolution and sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy in backscatter and transmission modes under conditions where photon migration dominates, i.e., with turbid or opaque samples. For the first time under such conditions the width and intensity of the point spread function (PSF) has been accurately measured as a function of sample thickness and depth below the surface. In transmission mode, the lateral resolution for objects in the bulk degraded linearly with sample thickness, but the resolution was much better for objects near either surface, being determined by the diameter of the probe beam and collection aperture irrespective of sample thickness. In other words, buried objects appear to be larger than ones near either surface. The absolute transmitted signal decreased significantly with sample thickness, but objects in the bulk yielded higher signals than those at either surface. In transmission, materials are sampled preferentially in the bulk, which has ramifications for quantitative analysis. In backscattering mode, objects near the probed surface were detected much more effectively than in the bulk, and the resolution worsened linearly with depth below the surface. These results are highly relevant in circumstances in which one is trying to detect or image buried objects in opaque media, for example Raman tomography of biological tissues or compositional and structural analysis of pharmaceutical tablets. Finally, the observations were in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations and, provided one is in the diffusion regime, were insensitive to the choice of transport length, which shows that a simple model can be used to predict instrument performance for a given excitation and collection geometry.
Land-use classification of SPOT HRV data using a cover-frequency method (1992)

Abstract A two-stage classification procedure has been applied to extract land use in a rural-urban fringe environment from SPOT High Resolution Visible (HRV) multi-spectral data. In this procedure, the SPOT HRV data were first classified into twelve land-cover types using a supervised maximum-likelihood classification (MLC). In the second stage, cover frequencies were extracted by moving a pixel window over the land-cover map obtained at the first stage. These cover frequencies were then employed in the classification of 14 land-use classes using a supervised minimum-city-block classifier. Results obtained with the cover-frequency method have been compared with those obtained using the conventional MLC approach. The overall accuracy measured by the Kappa coefficient was 0·462 for the MLC method; it was significantly improved to 0·663 with the cover-frequency method.
Ab Initio Studies of 2,4-Diamino Triazine and Its Complexes with Ligands: a Model for Inhibitor-Active Site Interactions of Dihydrofolate Reductase (1994)

The protonation energies of 2,4-diamino triazine, an inhibitor of the therapeutic target dihydrofolate reductase, has been calculated using ab initio (Hartree-Fock) calculations. It is found that N1 (see Fig. 1) exhibits the highest proton affinity (261.6 kcal/mol) by comparison with other inhibitor protonation sites. The energies of binding of the formate ion and formamide (as models for the amino acid residues in the active site of dihydrofolate reductase) to neutral and protonated 2,4-diamino triazine are also obtained. The highest binding energies are featured by the complex formed from a formate attached to the N4 and N1 protonated forms of the triazine. However, as N4 has a comparatively low proton affinity (195.0 kcal/mol), it is unlikely that an interaction of this nature would prevail. On the other hand, the formate-protonated N1 interaction is similar to the structures identified by X-ray crystallography of enzyme-triazine complexes.
Security Requirements in the Software Defined Networking Model (2013)

Software defined/driven networks provide new dimensions of flexibility
in network design. This document analyzes security requirements as we
design protocols to support multiple network applications on an SDN in
an open manner.
Anonymized person re-identification in surveillance cameras (2020)

Person re-identification (Re-ID) is a valuable technique because it can assist in finding suspects after a terrorist attack. However, the machine learning algorithms for person Re-ID are usually trained on large datasets with images of many different people in a public space. This could pose privacy concerns for the people involved. One way to alleviate this concern is to anonymize the people in the dataset. Anonymization is important to minimize the storage and processing of personal information, such as facial information in a surveillance video. However, anonymization typically leads to loss of information and could lead to severe deterioration of the Re-ID quality. In this paper, we show that it is possible to store only anonymized person detections while still achieving a high quality person Re-ID. This leads to the conclusion that for the development of re-identification algorithms in situations where privacy is of great importance it is not necessary to store facial information in person re-identification datasets.
Adsorption of organic compounds from dilute aqueous solutions onto the external surface of type A zeolite (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of organic compounds from dilute aqueous solutions onto the external surface of type A zeoliteAnthony C. Savitsky, Brandon H. Wiers, and Richard H. WendtCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 10, 1191–1196Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00092a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es00092a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of rat mammary carcinogenesis by indomethacin. (1985)

Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent which inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis, has significant activity in inhibiting the growth and/or inducing the regression of transplantable tumors. The present study was designed to determine if, in addition to its chemotherapeutic effects, indomethacin also acts as a cancer chemopreventive agent. Fifty-day-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intragastric dose of either 8 or 16 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (time 0). Basal diet was supplemented with 25 or 50 mg of indomethacin per kg of diet by the following protocol: (a) -2 to +1 week; (b) +1 week to end; or (c) none. Administration of indomethacin by both protocols resulted in an inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis; however, the effect of -2 to +1 week indomethacin exposure was primarily on the induction of benign mammary tumors, while +1 week to end indomethacin administration inhibited the induction of both benign mammary tumors and mammary cancers. These data indicate that indomethacin has significant protective activity when administered either during the "early" stage (comprising the carcinogen-target cell interaction) or the "late" stage (postcarcinogen tumor development) of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Possible mechanisms of indomethacin action include both local and systemic effects.
Phase II study of danusertib (D) in advanced/metastatic colorectal and pancreatic cancers (CRC, PC). (2010)

e13558 Background: D is a pan-aurora kinases inhibitor also active against other kinases with oncogenic potential, such as TRKA, RET, FGFRs, ABL. D has been showed to be active against a wide range of cancer cell lines in vitro, in xenografts, spontaneous and transgenic animal tumor models. Methods: Eligible PC patients were relapsing after 1 prior chemotherapy (CT) line for advanced/metastatic disease, CRC patients after 2 prior CT lines. We performed a phase II clinical trial according to a Simon two-stage design. The progression-free rate at 4 months (PFR-4) was the primary endpoint and the number of successes to be observed for proceeding to the second stage were to be ≥ 6/22 evaluable pts for CRC and ≥ 8/28 for PC. D was administered every 14 days, over 24-hour IV infusions of 500 mg/m2. Results: In CRC 33 pts (23 males [M]), median age 62 [38-77] years, were treated. Six pts were not evaluable for efficacy due to early PD (5) or consent withdrawal (1). No pt was progression free at 4 months. In PC 35 pts (15 M), median age 58 [39–80] years, were treated but 4 were not evaluable for efficacy: 3 due to early PD and 1 for consent withdrawal. Three pts were free from progression at 4 months and the second step could not be opened. Grade (G) 3/4 neutropenia was reported in 81% of the 68 treated pts. G3/4 lymphocytopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia concerned 10, 3 and 1 pts, respectively. The most common drug related G 3/4 events were fatigue (7 pts), febrile neutropenia (6 pts) and diarrhea (5 pts). Neutropenic sepsis occurred in 4 pts. D plasma concentrations at the end of the infusions and pre-dose in different cycles were in line with those obtained in phase I studies. Conclusions: At this dose and schedule D single agent showed acceptable toxicity. D was not active in third-line treatment for metastatic CRC. It has limited activity in second-line treatment of PC pts in terms of disease stabilization: 3 pts out of 31 evaluable remained stable for 6 to 8.5 months. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Accelera, Nerviano Medical Sciences
Robust pilot decontamination: A joint angle and power domain approach (2016)

In this paper we propose a novel robust channel estimation algorithm exploiting path diversity in both angle and power domains, relying on a suitable combination of the spatial filtering and amplitude based projection. The proposed approach is able to cope with a wide range of system and topology scenarios, including those where interference channel may overlap with desired channels in terms of multipath angles of arrival (AoA) or exceed them in terms of received power. We establish the analytical conditions under which the proposed channel estimator is fully decontaminated.
Real-time Indoor Scene Reconstruction with RGBD and Inertial Input (2019)

Camera motion estimation is a key technique for 3D scene reconstruction. Previous works usually assume slow camera motions, which limit the usage in many real cases. We propose an end-to-end 3D reconstruction system which combines color, depth and inertial measurements to achieve robust reconstruction with fast sensor motions. Our framework utilizes extended Kalman filter to fuse the three kinds of information and involve an iterative method to jointly optimize feature correspondences, camera poses and scene geometry. We also propose a novel geometry-aware patch deformation technique to adapt the feature appearance in image domain, leading to a more accurate feature matching under fast camera motions. Experiments show that our patch deformation method improves the accuracy of feature tracking, and our 3D reconstruction framework outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions under fast camera motions.
Glutathione as an endogenous sulphur source in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

Glutathione-deficient mutants (gshA) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, impaired in the first step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis were studied with respect to the regulation of enzymes involved in GSH catabolism and cysteine biosynthesis. Striking differences were observed in the content of the sulphur amino acids when gshA mutants were compared to wild-type strains growing on the same minimal medium. Furthermore, all mutants examined showed a derepression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamm-GT), the enzyme initiating GSH degradation. However, gamma-cystathionase and cysteine synthase were unaffected by the GSH deficiency as long as the nutrient sulphate source was not exhausted. The results suggest that the mutants are probably not impaired in the sulphate assimilation pathway, but that the gamma-glutamyl cycle could play a leading role in the regulation of the sulphur fluxes. Studies of enzyme regulation showed that the derepression of gamma-GT observed in the gshA strains was most probably due to an alteration of the thiol status. The effectors governing the biosynthesis of cysteine synthase and gamma-cystathionase seemed different from those playing a role in gamma-GT regulation and it was only under conditions of total sulphate deprivation that all these enzymes were derepressed. As a consequence the endogenous pool of GSH was used in the synthesis of cysteine. GSH might, therefore, fulfil the role of a storage compound.
Genomic profiling is predictive of response to cisplatin treatment but not to PI3K inhibition in bladder cancer patient-derived xenografts (2016)

Our results suggest that the presence of activating PIK3CA mutations may not necessarily predict in vivo treatment response to PI3K targeted therapies, while specific gene alterations may be predictive for cisplatin response in bladder cancer models and, potentially, in patients as well.
C3 and 2D C3 Marfey’s Methods for Amino Acid Analysis in Natural Products (2016)

We validate the improved resolution and sensitivity of the C3 Marfey's method, including an ability to resolve all Ile isomers, against an array of amino acids commonly encountered in natural products and by comparison to an existing Marfey's method. We also describe an innovative 2D C3 Marfey's method as an analytical approach for determining the regiochemistry of enantiomeric amino acid residues in natural products. The C3 and 2D C3 Marfey's methods represent valuable tools for probing and defining the stereocomplexity of hydrolytically accessible amino acid residues in natural products.
Kidney-Graft Survival in Simultaneous Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation (1989)

Patient and kidney survival rates were compared between 69 diabetic patients undergoing simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation (group 1) and 723 nondiabetic patients undergoing kidney transplantation (group 2). The patients were treated with different immunosuppressive regimens over the years: steroids plus antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) plus azathioprine (Aza); cyclosporin A (CsA) plus ALG; steroids plus ALG plus Aza, replacing Aza 1 mo posttransplantation; or low doses of steroids plus CsA plus Aza. One-year kidney survival rates with the different regimens were 50, 42, 54, and 76%, respectively, in group 1 and 71, 74, 78, and 84%, respectively, in group 2. Patient survival was 60, 57, 71, and 86%, respectively, in group 1 and 93, 95, 94, and 96%, respectively, in group 2. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant for the first three protocols but not for the one used in this study. In group 1, 38 patients (55%) had a functioning kidney graft, whereas 15 (21%) lost their kidney to rejection. Between these two patient categories, there was no significant difference in age, sex, duration of diabetes, time on dialysis, blood transfusion number, HLA immunization, or HLA matching. Thus, since 1984, kidney-graft survival has not been inferior in diabetic patients. This improvement is mainly due to a decreased mortality related to better patient preparation and improvement in immunosuppression.
Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic, Oxygen (2000)

Abstract Oxygen difluoride is the most stable binary compound of oxygen and fluorine. It is mainly a laboratory chemical. Dioxygen difluoride is unstable and difficult to purify, but has found some application in the conversion of uranium oxides to UF 6 and as a recovery agent for actinides from nuclear wastes. Physical and chemical properties are given.
Synergistic effects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation, ion bombardment, and heating in 193nm photoresist roughening and degradation (2008)

The roles of ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet (UV/VUV) photons, Ar+ ion bombardment and heating in the roughening of 193nm photoresist have been investigated. Atomic force microscopy measurements show minimal surface roughness after UV/VUV-only or ion-only exposures at any temperature. Simultaneous UV/VUV, ion bombardment, and heating to surface temperatures of 60–100°C result in increased surface roughness, and is comparable to argon plasma-exposed samples. Ion bombardment creates a modified near-surface layer while UV/VUV radiation results in loss of carbon-oxygen bonds up to a depth of ∼100nm. Enhanced roughness is only observed in the presence of all three effects.
Interactions Between Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpesvirus‐6, and the Recurrence of Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation (2002)

Recurrence of hepatitis C (HCV) following liver transplantation is common. Herpesvirus reactivation following transplant may have an immunomodulatory effect resulting in increased HCV replication. We studied whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may be associated with HCV recurrence and viral load after transplant. We prospectively followed 66 HCV liver-transplant recipients with serial viral load testing for CMV and HHV-6. Infection and viral load were correlated with the development of biopsy-proven HCV recurrence and HCV viral loads. Histologic recurrence of HCV occurred in 41/66 (62.1%) patients. In the primary analysis, CMV infection and disease, and HHV-6 infection were not associated with HCV recurrence. Peak CMV and HHV-6 viral loads were not significantly different in patients with and without recurrence. No correlation was observed between HCV viral loads at 1 and 3 months post-transplant and peak HHV-6 or CMV viral loads. In a subgroup analysis, HHV-6 infection was associated with the development of more severe recurrence (hepatitis and/or fibrosis score > or = 2) (p = 0.01). Also, fibrosis scores at last follow up were higher in patients with CMV disease (1.67 vs. 0.56; p = 0.016) and in patients with HHV-6 infection (1.18 vs. 0.55; p = 0.031). In conclusion, HHV-6 and CMV infection and viral load were not associated with increased overall rates of HCV recurrence or HCV viral load after liver transplantation but may be associated with more severe forms of recurrence.
Evolution of optical devices for WDM networks (1998)

Optical networks using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have been extensively investigated in order to actualize all optical networks in the future. WDM networks have great potential for realizing ultra-high capacity both for transmission and optical routing. We have to wait, however, for device technologies to mature before fully utilizing this potential. This paper reviews recent progress in research and development into optical devices for WDM networks.