gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late Generation of Methane from Mature Kerogens (2002)

The thermal decomposition of sedimentary organic matter, or kerogen, within the metagenesis zone (T > 160 °C) leads to the formation of large amounts of late gas, mainly composed by methane. With the purpose of understanding and quantifying the mechanisms of late methane generation, artificial maturation experiments were performed in closed system on natural samples of type II and type III mature kerogens (Ro > 1.3%, H/C < 0.65). For each experiment, mass and atomic (C, H, and O) balances were obtained by recovering, fractionating and quantifying the entire pyrolysis effluents. These data were interpreted by means of a kinetic schema based on three bulk reactions: one corresponding to the decomposition of short chain alkylated polyaromatics and diarenylalkanes that constitute partly mature kerogens, another one related to demethylation processes, a last one based on the autohydrogenation of the remaining pyrolysis residue. Kinetic parameters derived from these experiments confirmed that late methane is generated in sedimentary basins after the conditions of peak oil generation, between 160 °C and up to 240 °C. However, differences between type II and type III kerogens were observed for the generation of methane, revealing structural disparities between these two samples. This study showed also that the formation of methane was significantly affected by the experimental conditions. Compared to closed-system experiments, the amount of methane recovered in open-system experiments was 2 to 3 times lower. Moreover, the rate of methane generation in open system was not accounted for by the kinetic model calibrated on closed-system data. These discrepancies might be related to the modes of oxygen and hydrogen consumption during the early pyrolysis stages of these mature kerogen. Thus, it is essential to consider carefully the type of experimental data used in gas generation kinetics, since they might lead to diverging predictions for geological conditions.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Wound Healing (1990)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), 1 to 500 ng in saline (PBS) or collagen, was applied to the wounds of normal and Adriamycin-impaired mice and wound disruption strength (WDS) and histology were examined. Also wounded mice were administered TNF 25 to 75 micrograms/kg IP daily and WDS was determined. Wound histology was examined 6 months after wounding and local TNF application. Local TNF 5 to 500 ng in PBS did not significantly affect WDS. Local TNF 5 to 50 ng in collagen increased WDS 33% to 65% in Adriamycin-impaired animals (p = 0.05 to p less than 0.02). Local TNF 50 to 500 ng in collagen increased WDS 23% to 49% in normal animals (p = 0.08 to p less than 0.01). Adriamycin-impaired animals demonstrated improved wound histology with local TNF in collagen. Systemic TNF did not significantly affect WDS. Local TNF in collagen did not induce histologic pathology at 6 months. TNF may modulate macrophage function and local TNF in collagen can improve WDS in normal and Adriamycin-impaired animals.
A common mode noise filter for high speed and wide band differential mode signal transmission (2011)

This study shows the noise reduction characteristics of a noise filter composed of a common mode choke and a differential mode choke. A common mode choke is usually used for the common mode noise reduction on a differential mode signal transmission line. The common mode choke attenuates the common mode noise and passes the differential mode signal on the signal transmission line. The common mode choke works as a high impedance element for the common mode noise and as a low impedance element for the differential mode signal. However, it is difficult to realize a large reduction effect of noise in wide frequency range by using only a common mode choke. A special feature of the common mode noise filter proposed in this paper is to have a differential mode choke added to a common mode choke. The differential mode choke works as a low impedance element for common mode noise and as a high impedance element for differential mode signal. The noise filter studied in this paper reduces common mode noise 20dB or more and demonstrates the good transmission characteristics of a differential mode signal in the wide frequency range from 1MHz to 1GHz. In addition, this filter generates very small differential mode component converted from a common mode noise.
Molecular Characterization of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes and Carotenoid Accumulation in Lycium chinense (2014)

Lycium chinense is a shrub that has health benefits and is used as a source of medicines in Asia. In this study, a full-length cDNA clone encoding β-ring carotene hydroxylase (LcCHXB) and partial-length cDNA clones encoding phytoene synthase (LcPSY), phytoene desaturase (LcPDS), ξ-carotene desaturase (LcZDS), lycopene β-cyclase (LcLCYB), lycopene ε-cyclase (LcLCYE), ε-ring carotene hydroxylase (LcCHXE), zeaxanthin epoxidase (LcZEP), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (LcCCD1), and 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (LcNCED) were identified in L. chinense. The transcripts were constitutively expressed at high levels in leaves, flowers and red fruits, where the carotenoids are mostly distributed. In contrast, most of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes were weakly expressed in the roots and stems, which contained only small amounts of carotenoids. The level of LcLCYE transcripts was very high in leaves and correlated with the abundance of lutein in this plant tissue. During maturation, the levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in L. chinense fruits dramatically increased, concomitant with a rise in the level of β-cryptoxanthin. LcPSY, LcPDS, LcZDS, LcLCYB, and LcCHXE were highly expressed in red fruits, leading to their substantially higher total carotenoid content compared to that in green fruits. Total carotenoid content was high in both the leaves and red fruits of L. chinense. Our findings on the biosynthesis of carotenoids in L. chinense provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and may facilitate the optimization of carotenoid production in L. chinense.
Degradation of Ion Exchange Resin by Vanadium-Containing Water (2014)

Irreversible swelling of strongly acidic cation exchange resins (SAC) had been observed when ground water in a volcanic zone was used as raw water for ion-exchange pure water production facilities.
Westumfahrung Zuerich - Erstellung der Kavernen fuer unterirdische Autobahnausfahrten bei geringer Gebirgsueberdeckung / Zuerich West Bypass - Producing the caverns for underground motorway exits given shallow rock overburden (2006)

Im Beitrag werden die unterirdischen Verzweigungen des Hafnerberg- und Aeschertunnels der Westumfahrung Zuerich im Abschnitt Birmensdorf vorgestellt. Der anspruchsvolle Vortrieb der grossen Hohlraeume von bis zu 340 m2 Querschnittsflaeche bei geringer Gebirgsueberdeckung erfolgte im Teilausbruch mit einem relativ geringen Aufwand an Sicherungsmitteln. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: In the article the underground forks for the Hafnerberg and Aescher tunnels on the Zurich Bypass West in the Birmensdorf section are dealt with. The sophisticated excavation of these large chambers with a cross-sectional area of up to 340 m2 given shallow rock overburden was undertaken in part-sections with a relativly small amount of support being used. (A)
Adaptation in sensory cortex drives bistable switching during auditory stream segregation (2022)

Current theories of perception emphasize the role of neural adaptation, inhibitory competition, and noise as key components that lead to switches in perception. Supporting evidence comes from neurophysiological findings of specific neural signatures in modality-specific and supramodal brain areas that appear to be critical to switches in perception. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity around the time of switches in perception while participants listened to a bistable auditory stream segregation stimulus, which can be heard as one integrated stream of tones or two segregated streams of tones. The auditory thalamus showed more activity around the time of a switch from segregated to integrated compared to stable perception of integrated; in contrast, the rostral-anterior cingulate cortex and the inferior parietal lobule showed more activity around the time of a switch from integrated to segregated compared to time periods of stable perception of segregated streams, consistent with prior findings of asymmetries in brain activity depending on switch direction. In sound-responsive areas in the auditory cortex, neural activity increased in strength preceding switches in perception and declined in strength over time following switches in perception. Such dynamics in auditory cortex are consistent with the role of adaptation proposed by computational models of visual and auditory bistable switching, whereby the strength of neural activity decreases in strength following a switch in perception, which eventually destabilizes the current percept enough to lead to a switch to an alternative percept.
THE EVALUATION OF NEUROVIRULENCE OF MUMPS VIRUS STRAINS WITH ALTERNATIVE NEWBORN RAT-BASED SAFETY TEST (2014)

Because of neurotropic and neurovirulent properties of mumps virus, neurovirulence testing of live attenuated vaccine is required by most national regulatory organisations. Such testing is preformed in monkeys (Ph.Eu. 01/2008:20618-Test for neurovirulence of live virus vaccines). But results obtained from these tests do not necessarily distinguish among the neurovirulent strain from those that are not. As a part of an international collaborative study we investigated the neurovirulence of three vaccine strains (JL5, Urabe AM9 and L-Zagreb) and two wild–type mumps viruses isolated in Croatia (9218/Zg98 and MuVi/Zagreb.HRV/28.12) by the neurovirulence assay in newborn rats. The results obtained by alternative assay on two vaccine strains (JL5 and Urabe AM9) correspond to the results obtained by the National Institute for Biological Standards (NIBSC) in the United Kingdom and the Food and Drug Administration in the United Station. Strain L-Zagreb also showed reduced neurovirulent properties as expected because it is a vaccine strain. Wild-type mumps virus isolates showed high neurovirulence. These results indicate as that the test in newborn rats is suitable for assessing the neurovirulence of mumps viruses. The test is robust, reproducible and follows the 3R principles.
NF449 Is a Novel Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) Signaling Active in Chondrocytes and Multiple Myeloma Cells (2010)

The FGFR3 receptor tyrosine kinase represents an attractive target for therapy due to its role in several human disorders, including skeletal dysplasias, multiple myeloma, and cervical and bladder carcinomas. By using molecular library screening, we identified a compound named NF449 with inhibitory activity toward FGFR3 signaling. In cultured chondrocytes and murine limb organ culture, NF449 rescued FGFR3-mediated extracellular matrix loss and growth inhibition, which represent two major cellular phenotypes of aberrant FGFR3 signaling in cartilage. Similarly, NF449 antagonized FGFR3 action in the multiple myeloma cell lines OPM2 and KMS11, as evidenced by NF449-mediated reversal of ERK MAPK activation and transcript accumulation of CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines, both of which are induced by FGFR3 activation. In cell-free kinase assays, NF449 inhibited the kinase activity of both wild type and a disease-associated FGFR3 mutant (K650E) in a fashion that appeared non-competitive with ATP. Our data identify NF449 as a novel antagonist of FGFR3 signaling, useful for FGFR3 inhibition alone or in combination with inhibitors that target the ATP binding site.
LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACY AT RESTORED SITES WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR WEAPONS COMPLEX (2003)

It is readily apparent, as the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management proceeds in remediating its vast network of contaminated nuclear weapons facilities, that final cleanup at many facilities will not be performed to a level allowing unrestricted use of the facility. Instead, these facilities must rely on engineering, administrative, and institutional controls to ensure the level of cleanup performed at the site remains adequately protective of public health and the environment. In order for these controls to remain effective, however, a plan for long-term stewardship of these sites must be developed that is approved by the U.S. Congress. Although this sounds simple enough for the present, serious questions remain regarding how best to implement a program of stewardship to ensure its effectiveness over time, particularly for sites with residual contamination of radionuclides with half-lives on the order of thousands of years. Individual facilities have attempted to answer these questions at the site-specific level. However, the complexities of the issues require federal support and oversight to ensure the programs implemented at each of the facilities are consistent and effective. The Department of Energy recently submitted a report to Congress outlining the extent of long-term stewardship needs at each of its facilities. As a result, the time is ripe for forward thinking Congressional action to address the relevant issues and ensure the remedy of long-term stewardship successfully carries out its intended purpose and remains protective of public health and the environment. The regulatory elements necessary for the stewardship program to succeed can only be implemented through the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress.
Investigations Of The Thermal Non-Uniformity Of The Working Gas On The Discharge Parameters In Molecular Lasers (1987)

In this paper is presented the theoretical analysis of the U-I characteristic for typical for the molecular lasers values of the discharge input power, i.e. when the active medium non-uniformities are important. The analytical results are compared and verified by appropriate experimental investigations.
Zoledronic acid is more efficient than ibandronic acid in the treatment of symptomatic bone marrow lesions of the knee (2019)

III.
Impact of Tissue Plasminogen Activator on the Neurovascular Unit: From Clinical Data to Experimental Evidence (2011)

About 15 million strokes occur each year worldwide. As the number one cause of morbidity and acquired disability, stroke is a major drain on public health-care funding, due to long hospital stays followed by ongoing support in the community or nursing-home care. Although during the last 10 years we have witnessed a remarkable progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, reperfusion induced by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA-Actilyse) remains the only approved acute treatment by the health authorities. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of our present knowledge about the impact of tPA on the neurovascular unit during acute ischemic stroke.
The Role of GATA, CArG, E-box, and a Novel Element in the Regulation of Cardiac Expression of the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger Gene (1999)

The cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) is the principal Ca2+ efflux mechanism in cardiocytes. The exchanger is up-regulated in both cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In this report, we identify the cis-acting elements that control cardiac expression and alpha-adrenergic up-regulation of the exchanger gene. Deletion analysis revealed that a minimal cardiac promoter fragment from -184 to +172 is sufficient for cardiac expression and alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Mutational analysis revealed that both the CArG element at -80 and the GATA element at -50 were required for cardiac expression. Gel mobility shift assay supershift analysis demonstrated that the serum response factor binds to the CArG element and GATA-4 binds to the GATA element. Point mutations in the -172 E-box demonstrated that it was required for alpha-adrenergic induction. In addition, deletion analysis revealed one or more enhancer elements in the first intron (+103 to +134) that are essential for phenylephrine up-regulation but bear no homology to any known transcription element. Therefore, this work demonstrates that SRF and GATA-4 are critical for NCX1 expression in neonatal cardiomyocytes and that the -172 E-box in addition to a novel enhancer element(s) are required for phenylephrine up-regulation of NCX1 and may mediate its hypertrophic up-regulation.
Composition of Crude Shale Oils (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition of Crude Shale OilsG. U. Dinneen, John S. Ball, and H. M. ThorneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 11, 2632–2635Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50515a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50515a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Whole-exome sequencing in eccrine porocarcinoma indicates promising therapeutic strategies (2021)

Malignant sweat gland tumours are rare, with the most common form being Eccrine porocarcinoma (EP). To investigate the mutational landscape of EP, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 14 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of matched primary EP and healthy surrounding tissue. Mutational profiling revealed a high overall median mutation rate. This was attributed to signatures of mutational processes related to ultraviolet (UV) exposure, APOBEC enzyme dysregulation, and defective homologous double-strand break repair. All of these processes cause genomic instability and are implicated in carcinogenesis. Recurrent driving somatic alterations were detected in the EP candidate drivers TP53, FAT2, CACNA1S, and KMT2D. The analyses also identified copy number alterations and recurrent gains and losses in several chromosomal regions including that containing BRCA2, as well as deleterious alterations in multiple HRR components. In accordance with this reduced or even a complete loss of BRCA2 protein expression was detected in 50% of the investigated EP tumours. Our results implicate crucial oncogenic driver pathways and suggest that defective homologous double-strand break repair and the p53 pathway are involved in EP aetiology. Targeting of the p53 axis and PARP inhibition, and/or immunotherapy may represent promising treatment strategies.
Applications of Unsupervised Deep Transfer Learning to Intelligent Fault Diagnosis: A Survey and Comparative Study (2021)

Recent progress on intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) has greatly depended on deep representation learning and plenty of labeled data. However, machines often operate with various working conditions or the target task has different distributions with the collected data used for training (the domain shift problem). Besides, the newly collected test data in the target domain are usually unlabeled, leading to unsupervised deep transfer learning based (UDTL-based) IFD problem. Although it has achieved huge development, a standard and open source code framework as well as a comparative study for UDTL-based IFD are not yet established. In this paper, we construct a new taxonomy and perform a comprehensive review of UDTL-based IFD according to different tasks. Comparative analysis of some typical methods and datasets reveals some open and essential issues in UDTL-based IFD which are rarely studied, including transferability of features, influence of backbones, negative transfer, physical priors, etc. To emphasize the importance and reproducibility of UDTL-based IFD, the whole test framework will be released to the research community to facilitate future research. In summary, the released framework and comparative study can serve as an extended interface and basic results to carry out new studies on UDTL-based IFD. The code framework is available at https://github.com/ZhaoZhibin/UDTL.
Enhancing Forbidden Light Propagation in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Gradient-Index Filters by Alcohol Additives (2020)

A comprehensive study on structural and optical engineering of high-quality nanoporous anodic alumina gradient-index filters (NAA-GIFs) by selective addition of alcohols to the anodizing acid electrolyte is presented. Analysis of the combined effect of type (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol) and concentration (from 10 to 70 vol %) of alcohol additives in sulfuric acid electrolytes on the optical features of the characteristic photonic stopband of NAA-GIFs—central wavelength, full width at half maximum, intensity, and quality factor—allows us to elucidate the most optimal fabrication conditions to produce high-quality NAA-GIFs by sinusoidal pulse anodization under mild conditions. Comprehensive electrochemical, structural, optical, and chemical analyses demonstrate that a suitable selection of type and concentration of the alcohol additive is critical in controlling the quality of forbidden light propagation within these photonic crystal (PC) structures. Particularly, NAA-GIFs produced by sinusoidal pulse anodization in the sulfuric acid electrolyte modified with 40 vol % methanol achieve an outstanding quality factor of ∼58 (32–54% superior than that of other alcohol additives). Our findings indicate that a combination of anodic oxide growth rate and suppressing dissolution efficiencies, mildly branched nanoporous structure, and incorporation of carbon-containing impurities into the structure of NAA-GIFs are critical factors in enhancing light-forbidding quality of these NAA-based PCs. Our results advance the understanding of structural engineering of NAA-PCs by dynamic modification of the input anodization profile under optimal electrolyte conditions.
Association of Total Fluid Intake and Output with Duration of Hospital Stay in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis (2018)

Few patients hospitalized for AP had a documented order for strict monitoring of fluid intake and output, despite the importance of monitoring fluid balance in these patients. Our study suggests an association between urine output and fluid balance with LOS in AP.
Synthesis of a gadolinium based-macrocyclic MRI contrast agent for effective cancer diagnosis (2018)

We developed a new macrocyclic T1-weighted MR contrast agent. This new contrast agent offers various opportunities for cancer detection and diagnosis.
Water Treatment Plants: Microbial Removal by Pretreatment, Coagulation and Ion Exchange (2003)

Abstract Pretreatment Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation Ion Exchange