gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal stress analysis of mesoporous perovskite solar cell by finite element method (2015)

For nearly five years, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite-based solar cells are extraordinarily developed at a high speed, showing a good application prospect. It is necessary to further optimize the devices and make them industrially feasible. The different temperature requirements of perovskite solar cells during the preparation process will result in undesirable thermal stresses. There have already existed a number of papers concerning methods to improve power conversion efficiency of perovskite-based solar cell. However, the thermal properties of laminated structure of solar cell, which significantly affect the long-time reliability of solar cell packaging, have rarely been discussed. Different temperature loads in preparation process are taken into account to obtain the resulting thermal stresses in this paper. The fabrication processing is reproduced in FEM simulations which are able to directly analyze the internal stresses within and between solar cell layers. The goal is to develop a systematic understanding of thermal behavior of perovskite solar cell during the fabrication process. The study figures out that the maximum Mises stresses are located in central area for the upper layers. But the maximum stress on the bottom layer occurs at the fringe of the etching groove. The large accumulated plastic strain at the center will cause a crack initiation at this location and then the crack may continue to grow to the etching groove or even cause delamination. Due to the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion, warpage is evident for alumina film and molybdenum oxide film, which had a bad influence on the uniformity of the following encapsulation process. It is meaningful to provide a reference for the continuous improvement of efficiency. The encapsulation of perovskite-based solar cells also will be discussed to reduce the resulting internal loads to a minimum value.
The nanosizing of fluorescent objects by 458 nm spatially modulated illumination microscopy using a simplified size evaluation algorithm (2004)

In fluorescent light microscopy, structured illumination approaches have emerged as a novel tool to analyse subwavelength sized objects in thick transparent specimens. In this report, new size measurements (‘nanosizing’) of small subwavelength sized fluorescent objects applying spatially modulated illumination (SMI) microscopy with an excitation wavelength of λex = 458 nm are presented. These measurements were made using fluorescent particles with a given diameter. From the SMI data achieved, the size (diameter) was determined using special calibration curves derived from analytical considerations assuming a Gaussian dye distribution within the object. The results showed that with SMI microscopy combined with suitable calibration, size measurements of objects considerably smaller tha nt he epif luorescent optical resolution at λex = 458 nm are feasible.
Multi-agent system based autonomic computing environment (2005)

Autonomic computing is a computing system that can manage itself by self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization and self-protection. With the nature of autonomy, reactivity, sociality, and pro-activity, software agents are promising to make autonomic computing system a reality. We present our approach to implement an autonomic computing infrastructure MAACE that provides dynamically programmable control and management services to support the development and deployment of smart (intelligent) applications. The MAACE provides the environment to manage and control software system by multi-agent systems cooperation, which includes agent federation system, agent mediate services system and agent monitor system. We have successfully implemented a proof-of-concept prototype system that can support the self-configuring, and self-healing of any networked application.
Preparation of Thin Palladium Membranes by a Novel Method Based on Photolithography and Electrolysis. (2001)

A negative resist was spin-coated on the surface of a 50-μm thick copper film, and was solidified as a protection film. A palladium layer was then electrodeposited on the other uncovered surface. After removing the protection film, the resist was again spin-coated on the copper surface, and a pattern of microslits was transferred by photolithography. After development, the microslits were electrolytically etched out. Thus a palladium membrane of 5 mm in diameter was formed as an assemblage of thin layers formed in the microslits. The palladium membranes prepared were characterized by SEM observation, as well as by permeation measurements for hydrogen and nitrogen at 573-873 K. The palladium membrane, which was 3 μm in thickness and formed on a polished copper film, showed separation factor of hydrogen to nitrogen of 120 at 873 K.
Author response: Mapping quantal touch using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-unit intraneural microstimulation (2016)

The combination of intraneural microstimulation and 7T fMRI makes it possible to bridge the gap between first-order mechanoreceptive afferent input codes and their spatial, dynamic and perceptual representations in human cortex.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement with balloon-expandable valve (2017)

TAVR with a balloon-expandable system is safe and effective and can be used for patients with severe AS in China. It requires careful patient selection and preoperative assessment so as to reduce the 30-day postoperative mortality rate.
Countergradient Diffusion in Premixed Turbulent Flames (1981)

Recent theoretical and experimental results demonstrating the interaction between force fields and density inhomogeneities as they arise in premixed turbulent flames are discussed. In such flames, the density fluctuates between two levels, the high density in reactants rho sub r and the low density in products rho sub p, with the ratio rho sub r/rho sub p on the order of five to ten in flows of applied interest. The force fields in such flames arise from the mean pressure drop across the flame or from the Reynolds shear stresses in tangential flames with constrained streamlines. The consequence of the interaction is nongradient turbulent transport, countergradient in the direction normal to the flame and nongradient in the tangential direction. The theoretical basis for these results, the presently available experimental support therefore and the implications for other variable density turbulent flows are discussed.
Photoconductivity of Poly(Arylenevinylene)S and Poly(Hetarylenevinylene)S (1994)

Abstract The intramolecular condensation of aromatic Schiff bases leads under strong alkaline conditions to the poly(arylenevinylene)s and poly(hetarylenevi-nylene)s A - H. Due to the extreme stereoselectivity the resulting products are rigid, (E)-configurated polymers. The broad band gap of the unsubstituted intrinsic insulators is decreased by alkoxy substituents. Investigations of the photoconductivity and the photoreactivity, as well as of the AC-conductivity of some undoped, doped and quaternized systems are performed.
Infective Endocarditis Associated with Quadricuspid Aortic Valve (2003)

A 26-year old Japanese woman experienced new aortic valve regurgitation associated with a preceding high fever of unknown cause. During the fever episode, although bacteremia or fungemia was not evident despite frequent blood cultures, intravenous panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) gradually resulted in decline of the fever. Echocardiography and operative procedures revealed a quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV), which was composed of two equal larger cusps and two unequal smaller cusps (type f). A smaller accessory cusp was damaged but showed no active vegetation. A Medtronic Freestyle bioprosthesis was implanted using a subcoronary technique. Although the risk of endocarditis for this rare valve abnormality is not well documented, the present case may support the conventional assumption that patients with unequal small cusps are prone to endocarditis.
Information domain modeling of emergent phenomena (2002)

Study in fields such as distributed artificial intelligence (DAI), decentralized artificial intelligence (DzAI), parallel artificial intelligence (PAI), multiagent systems (MAS), computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), artificial life (AL), and complex adaptive systems (CAS) is concerned with the cooperation, coordination, communication, and coherence of multiple agents working together to achieve a common goal. The notion that the ability of a collective can exceed the sum of the individuals is a fundamental concept and a generally accepted truth. However, no general theoretical explanation exists as to why this could or should be the case. This dissertation explores such an explanation by considering a property called emergent capacity—a measure of collective behavior arising from the complex interactions among individual components. A theoretical space, called the information domain, is formulated allowing modeling, analysis, and calculation of emergent capacity. An equation for emergent capacity is presented and is validated by explaining and predicting empirical results in the fields of AL and CAS.
Technique de mesure des résistances électriques élevées au moyen d'une chambre d'ionisation (1961)

Une chambre d'ionisation, utilisée comme source de courant, permet la mesure précise de résistances électriques élevées [1], [2]. On précise ici la mise en œuvre de cette technique. La méthode la plus simple consiste à maintenir constante la tension appliquée à l'ensemble du circuit ; les résistances ne sont mesurables que si elles sont faibles par rapport à la résistance interne de la chambre : pour une résistance interne de 10^16 ohms, la limite est voisine de 4.10^14 ohms. Il est plus intéressant de maintenir constante, par compensation, la tension entre les électrodes de la chambre : on n'a plus à craindre une diminution importante de l'intensité du courant d'ionisation et la seule limite pratique réside dans la valeur maximale de la tension que peut supporter la résistance à mesurer, valeur imposée par l'intensité du courant débité par la source. Cette méthode a été appliquée à l'étude de divers isolants en feuilles minces, notamment des micas.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Alkyl Nitroaromatic Compounds. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mitochondrial morphological and functional defects in yeast caused by yme1 are suppressed by mutation of a 26S protease subunit homologue. (1994)

The absence of functional Yme1p, a putative ATP and zinc-dependent protease localized to mitochondria of yeast, results in abnormal mitochondrial function and morphology. Yeast lacking Yme1p lose DNA from mitochondria at an accelerated rate, fail to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources at 37 degrees C, and have severely deficient growth if mitochondrial DNA suffers large deletions or is completely lost. In place of the normal reticulated mitochondrial network, strains lacking Yme1p have punctate mitochondria with some grossly swollen compartments. The growth phenotypes and morphological alterations evident in these mutant yeast can be compensated by a mutation in YNT1, an essential gene in yeast. The sequence of the YNT1 gene product indicates that it is one of a number of related regulatory subunits of the 26S protease. This proteolytic activity is necessary for progression through the cell cycle and has been implicated in the regulation of transcription. Ynt1p is more distantly related to Yme1p.
Multiphysical Study of an Atmospheric Microwave Argon Plasma Jet (2017)

In this paper, the multiphysical and frequency-dependent characterization of a microwave argon plasma jet in the GHz range is presented. Three different frequency ranges around 1.3, 2.4, and 3.5GHz are compared using electrical, geometrical, optical, and thermal analyses for different power levels between 2 and 10 W at a constant gas flow. Based on measurements using the large signal S-parameter measuring technique, the plasma base point impedance and microwave conductivity are determined via circuit and finite-element method simulations. Major changes within a small frequency interval are exhibited. Optical measurements are dependent on the geometrical dimension changes of the microwave plasma. It is shown that the geometrical dimensions are strongly dependent on frequency and applied power. These investigated dependencies of the microwave plasma on operation conditions open up new degrees of freedom to match the frequency to the application needs. A description of different applications is given based on the different areas of the measurement results.
Nuevos colorantes dispersos biodegradables (2004)

El desarrollo de nuevas estructuras químicas para colorantes, se dirige actualmente a la búsqueda de productos de menor impacto ecológico, manteniendo o incluso mejorando sus propiedades tintóreas y nivel de calidad.\n\t\t\t\t Recientemente han empezado a ser estudiadas estructuras anfifilicas, que respondiendo a las necesidades de la tecnología textil, manifiestan baja toxicidad y elevada biodegradabilidad.\n\t\t\t\t En este trabajo se han sintetizado colorantes dispersos conteniendo en su estructura, además del sistema cromofórico clásico de tipo azoico, substituyentes de tipo glucosídico, cuya naturaleza hidrofílica debe contribuir a una mayor biodegradabilidad.\n\t\t\t\t Con estos colorantes se ha analizado su comportamiento tintóreo y su solidez final, sobre fibra de poliéster y de diacetato de celulosa.\n\t\t\t\t Sobre poliéster se ha realizado el estudio de su cinética de tintura, en función de la temperatura, valorando la Energía de Activación, además del agotamiento y la solidez a la luz y a los tratamientos térmicos.\n\t\t\t\t Sobre diacetato de celulosa se ha valorado solamente el agotamiento al equilibrio, habiendo llegado a la conclusión de que la introducción de tales grupos glucosídicos en un sistema cromofórico de tipo azoico no necesariamente perjudica las propiedades tintóreas si bien según el balance hidrófilo-lipófilo de la estructura final dará lugar a colorantes dispersos más adecuados para una fibra hidrofóbica como el poliéster o más hidrofílica como el diacetato, pero en todo caso se disminuye su toxicidad y se aumenta la biodegradabilidad en los vertidos.\n\t\t\t\t \tQueda por ello abierto, a nuestro entender, un camino de investigación para definir las posibilidades y limitaciones de los colorantes con grupos glucosídicos.
The First Example of a Monomeric Alumatrane (2003)

The novel five-coordinate aluminum adduct Me(2)HN. AlL (2) [wherein L = tris(2-oxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)amine] containing three six-membered rings has been characterized by spectroscopic and by X-ray means. This adduct of an alumatrane is the first structurally characterized monomeric alumatrane derivative, and unlike its parent alumatrane [Al(OCH(2)CH(2))(3)N](x), 2 is monomeric in the gas, solution, and solid states. The X-ray molecular structure of 2 reveals a tricyclic cage moiety of C(3) symmetry. The aluminum geometry is a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramid in which, quite unexpectedly, the metal atom is located somewhat below the plane formed by three equatorial oxygens and its Al-N(tertiary) bond is shorter than that in Me(3)N.AlH(3).NMe(3) (Heitsch, C. W.; Nordman, C. E.; Parry, R. W. Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 508).
Biology of Heme in Mammalian Erythroid Cells and Related Disorders (2015)

Heme is a prosthetic group comprising ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential cofactor in various biological processes such as oxygen transport (hemoglobin) and storage (myoglobin) and electron transfer (respiratory cytochromes) in addition to its role as a structural component of hemoproteins. Heme biosynthesis is induced during erythroid differentiation and is coordinated with the expression of genes involved in globin formation and iron acquisition/transport. However, erythroid and nonerythroid cells exhibit distinct differences in the heme biosynthetic pathway regulation. Defects of heme biosynthesis in developing erythroblasts can have profound medical implications, as represented by sideroblastic anemia. This review will focus on the biology of heme in mammalian erythroid cells, including the heme biosynthetic pathway as well as the regulatory role of heme and human disorders that arise from defective heme synthesis.
Impairment of Aerobic Glycolysis by Inhibitors of Lactic Dehydrogenase Hinders the Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines (2010)

inhibition of aerobic glycolysis achieved by blocking LDH could be useful in the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinomas. Without interfering with glucose metabolism in normal cells, it could hinder cell growth by itself and could also enhance the chemotherapeutic index of associated anticancer agents by decreasing the levels of ATP selectively in neoplastic cells.
Methyl Methacrylate Polymer-Concrete for Bomb Damage Repair. Phase 1 (1980)

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymer concrete appears to be a material which can be successfully used to rapidly bomb damaged runways. A research program is underway to develop monomer formulations, determine engineering design properties, develop repair procedures, conduct field tests, conduct analytical studies, and develop an implementation manual. Research in Phase I has emphasized materials characterization, development of preliminary repair procedures, and analytical and experimental behavior of repairs. Materials characterization studies have determined monomer formulations and polymer- concrete mechanical properties for a wide range of ambient temperatures. Possible solutions for reducing adverse effects on strength of polymer-concrete made with wet aggregate have been studied. The effect of MMA on bond to asphalt has been determined. The effect of aggregate size on mechanical properties has been investigated.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1995)

REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Tchaikovsky Remembered. By David Brown. pp. xxxiv + 248. ( Faber & Faber, London & Boston, 1993, £20/£ 12. 99. ISBN 0-571-16866-3/0-571-16867-1.) ROLAND JOHN WILSEY ROLAND JOHN WILSEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 76, Issue 1, February 1995, Pages 111–113, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/76.1.111 Published: 01 February 1995
Mycophenolate mofetil for scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease: A real world experience (2017)

MMF is well tolerated and slows the rate of decline in lung function in SSc-ILD patients, even at doses lower at 3 g/day.
Improving the accuracy of network intrusion detection systems under load using selective packet discarding (2010)

Under conditions of heavy traffic load or sudden traffic bursts, the peak processing throughput of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) may not be sufficient for inspecting all monitored traffic, and the packet capturing subsystem inevitably drops excess arriving packets before delivering them to the NIDS. This impedes the detection ability of the system and leads to missed attacks. In this work we present selective packet discarding, a best effort approach that enables the NIDS to anticipate overload conditions and minimize their impact on attack detection. Instead of letting the packet capturing subsystem randomly drop arriving packets, the NIDS proactively discards packets that are less likely to affect its detection accuracy, and focuses on the traffic at the early stages of each network flow. We present the design of selective packet discarding and its implementation in Snort NIDS. Our experiments show that selective packet discarding significantly improves the detection accuracy of Snort under increased traffic load, allowing it to detect attacks that would have otherwise been missed.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Halo 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-Dideoxynucleosides and their Blocked Phosphoramidates as Potential Anti-Human Immunodeficiency virus Agents: An Example of ‘Kinase Bypass’ (1997)

A series of 5-halo derivatives of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleoside analogue d4T have been prepared by a general and highly stereoselective route. A key step is the electrophilic addition of N-iodosuccinimide to furanoid glycols. The 2′-iodo nucleosides thus obtained produced the corresponding 2′/3′-didehydro-2′/3′-dideoxynucleoside in a two-step elimination reaction upon treatment with potassium t-butoxide followed by sodium methoxide. The derivatives were tested for their ability to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in cell culture. Replacement of the thymine 5-methyl group of the parent nucleoside analogue (d4T) by I, CI or F resulted in compounds that showed poor antiviral activity. In view of this, we studied the application of blocked phosphate (phosphoramidate) technology to probe the efficacy of intracellular monophosphate delivery in these systems. In one case, significant antiviral potency was obtained in this way.
An Experimental Study of Latency for IEEE 802.11be Multi-link Operation (2021)

Will Multi-Link Operation (MLO) be able to improve the latency of Wi-Fi networks? MLO is one of the most disruptive MAC-layer techniques included in the IEEE 802.11be amendment. It allows a device to use multiple radios simultaneously and in a coordinated way, providing a new framework to improve the WLAN throughput and latency. In this paper, we investigate the potential latency benefits of MLO by using a large dataset containing 5 GHz spectrum occupancy measurements. Experimental results show that when the channels are symmetrically occupied, MLO can improve latency by one order of magnitude. In contrast, in asymmetrically occupied channels, MLO can sometimes be detrimental and increase latency. To address this case, we introduce Opportunistic Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STR+) channel access and study its benefits.
A Compressive Sensing Approach for Federated Learning over Massive MIMO Communication Systems (2020)

Federated learning is a privacy-preserving approach to train a global model at a central server by collaborating with wireless devices, each with its own local training data set. In this paper, we present a compressive sensing approach for federated learning over massive multiple-input multiple-output communication systems in which the central server equipped with a massive antenna array communicates with the wireless devices. One major challenge in system design is to reconstruct local gradient vectors accurately at the central server, which are computed-and-sent from the wireless devices. To overcome this challenge, we first establish a transmission strategy to construct sparse transmitted signals from the local gradient vectors at the devices. We then propose a compressive sensing algorithm enabling the server to iteratively find the linear minimum-mean-square-error (LMMSE) estimate of the transmitted signal by exploiting its sparsity. We also derive an analytical threshold for the residual error at each iteration, to design the stopping criterion of the proposed algorithm. We show that for a sparse transmitted signal, the proposed algorithm requires less computationally complexity than LMMSE. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented approach outperforms conventional linear beamforming approaches and reduces the performance gap between federated learning and centralized learning with perfect reconstruction.
Performance Improvement of a Discharge-Pumped ArF Excimer Laser by Xenon Gas Addition (1999)

The effect of xenon (Xe) gas addition to a discharge-pumped ArF excimer laser was examined. When the partial pressure of the Xe gas was changed over a wide range, the output energy of the ArF excimer laser was found to become maximum at the Xe partial pressure of 20 mTorr and to be about three times higher than that without Xe addition. It was shown that Xe gas addition was effective in increasing the initial electron density which was produced in the preionization process, and that the increase of the initial electron density then produced a tendency to make the main discharge in the laser uniform in the direction of the optical axis.