gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic aperture radar using spread spectrum modulation (2009)

An X-band SAR is developed, being upgraded and tested. It uses solid state electronics and phase modulated impulses. The first results using corner reflectors prove the concept.
Characterization of benzazepine UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases in laboratory animals and man (1995)

1. The O-glucuronidation of two dopamine D1 receptor antagonists, Odapipam and Berupipam, were studied in hepatic microsomal fractions from mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, pig, and man using 14C-UDP-glucuronic acid. 2. The influence of pH, detergent, gender, drug-metabolizing enzyme inducers, and age were examined. Detergents like the zwitterionic CHAPS and non-ionic Tween 20, Triton X-100, and Brij 35 stimulated the glucuronidation rate by up to 600% of native activity with the latter being most effective. Both apparent Km and Vmax increased following detergent treatment in rat hepatic microsomes. Less marked activation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity was observed with Brij 35 in mouse, rabbit, dog, and pig compared with rat. In contrast, human hepatic microsomes were not stimulated by detergent treatment. 3. Marked species-dependent UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity were observed for the two compounds. In general, Odapipam exhibited higher Vmax and Km compared with Berupipam with the exception of rabbit where the reverse was true. Similar kinetic parameters were, however, observed in human hepatic microsomes. Highest glucuronidation rate (in general) was observed in mouse followed by dog, pig, rabbit, man, and rat. 4. UGT activity in human livers showed up to a seven-fold variation. Conjugation of each compound were highly correlated (r = 0.92; n = 20) suggesting that identical isoform(s) were involved in this reaction. A significant age-related decrease in UDP-glucuronosyltranferase activity was observed, which partly could be explained by a preponderance in elderly female donor liver samples.
Constrained Iterative Reconstruction by the Conjugate Gradient Method (1985)

The conjugate gradient method incorporating the object-extent constraint is applied to image reconstruction of a three-dimensional object using an incomplete projection-data set. The missing information is recovered by constraining the solution with the knowledge of the outer boundary of the object-extent which may be a priori measured or known. The algorithm is derived from the least-squares criterion as an advanced version of conventional iterative reconstruction algorithms such as SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) and ILST (Iterative Least Squares Technique). In the case of reconstruction from noisy projection data, a method based on the minimum mean-square error criterion is also proposed. Computer simulated reconstruction images of a phantom using limited angle and number of views are presented. The result shows that the conjugate gradient method incorporating the object-extent constraining provides the fastest convergence and the least error.
Stress in Families Providing Care to Frail Elderly Relatives and the Effects of Receiving In-Home Respite Services (1988)

The present research investigated caregiver stress and strain associated with providing full-time care to a frail elderly relative. Fifty families were identified who were providing this care. Twenty-five of these families were receiving an in-home respite service. The remaining twenty-five families were on a waiting list with the same agency until such services could be provided. Extensive interviews were conducted with the identified caregiver and the elderly relative in all families. The results of this study provide a clear description of characteristics of the caregivers and their relatives on a variety of dimensions including: the conditions under which providing this care occurs, the consequences to these caregivers with respect to stress and situational strain, correlates of this stress and strain and the effects of receiving a respite service. Substantial stress was seen among all of the caregivers. Using a variety of multi-variate statistical methods several significant differences in stress and strain were seen among a variety of factors associated with the caregiving situation and between the primary caretakers receiving the respite service and those who were not. The results support the need for both formal and informal support to families in the caregiving role to aid their ability in providing this care and in inhibiting institutionalization.
Hroznová šťáva obohacená resveratrolem (2011)

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released by plants when they encounter biotic stress, but their functions in the response to abiotic stress have not been determined. We have previously shown that exogenous application of (Z)-3-hexeny-1-yl acetate (Z-3-HAC), a kind of GLV, could alleviate salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings; however, notably little is known concerning the transcription regulation mechanisms of Z-3-HAC. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the transcriptomes and physiological indices of peanut seedlings exposed to Z-3-HAC and/or salt stress. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that 1420 genes were upregulated in the seedlings primed with Z-3-HAC under salt stress compared with the non-primed treatment. Interestingly, these genes were significantly enriched in the photosynthetic and ascorbate metabolism-related categories, as well as several plant hormone metabolism pathways. The physiological data revealed that Z-3-HAC significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, plant height and shoot biomass compared with the non-primed peanut seedlings under salt stress. A significantly higher ratio of K<sup>+</sup> :Na<sup>+</sup> , reduced-to-oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG), and ascorbate-to-dehydroascorbate (AsA:DHA) were also observed for the plants primed with Z-3-HAC compared with the salt stress control. Meanwhile, Z-3-HAC significantly increased the activity of enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of Z-3-HAC in protecting peanut seedlings against salt stress by affecting photosynthesis, cellular redox homeostasis, K<sup>+</sup> :Na<sup>+</sup> homeostasis, and phytohormones.
Light-Weight Beamforming Antenna with Butler Matrix for V2X Communication (2016)

In this paper, a beamforming antenna is designed for V2X(vehicle to the unknown) communication. In order to make this antenna system be mounted on the body of an automobile, it should be light which is realized by putting the feeding structure and the radiating elements in one array system. The Butler matrix is adopted as the feed for the antenna to enable the equipment to steer the beam without the help of expensive active phase shifters and attenuators. This feeding block is directly connected to the radiating patches all in the form of the microstrip lines . I. Structure and design results First of all, we present the designed bemaforming antenna structure and the resultant performances which takes after [1]. (a) s-parameters of inter-ports (b) Beamforming and scanning ability Fig. 1. The performances of the proposed beamforming antenna for V2X communication The phase relationships between the global output ports render the antenna with the beamforming characteristics at 5.9GHz. Especially, the feed and the radiating elements are integrated into one layered structure, which makes this schematic possible. Fig. 2. An application This is how the antenna works for the V2X comm. II. Conclusion The light-weight beamforming antenna is designed for V2X. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ICT R&D program of MSIP/ IITP[2014-044-047-001] grant. Referen ces [1] S. Kahng et al, Handheld Beamforming Antennas Adoptable to 5G Wireless Connectivity, P roc. of Int'l Workshop on Antenna Tech., pp. 102-105, Feb 2015. 한국통신학회 2016년도 동계종합학술발표회
Propene as an Atom-Economical Linchpin for Concise Total Synthesis of Polyenes: Piericidin A (2018)

A concise and convergent total synthesis of piericidin A is disclosed. The synthesis hinges on the utilization of propene as a synthetic linchpin to merge the properly elaborated alkyne fragments, leading to the 1,3,6-triene motif of piericidin A. Utilization of propene as a unique alkene, capable of sequential coupling with two alkynes, is further illustrated in the context of various 1,3,6-triene products. The latter process proceeds with high atom economy and efficiently gives rise to complex frameworks from readily accessible alkyne substrates. This strategic C-C bond formation offers an orthogonal paradigm in the design of synthetic routes, leading to higher step economy and more efficient syntheses of polyunsaturated natural products.
Antirhea borbonica Aqueous Extract Protects Albumin and Erythrocytes from Glycoxidative Damages (2020)

Diabetes constitutes a major health problem associated with severe complications. In hyperglycemic conditions, chronically increased oxidation and glycation of circulating components lead to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation, a key contributor in diabetes complication progression. In line with literature documenting the beneficial properties of herbal teas, this study evaluates the antioxidant/glycant properties of <i>Antirhea borbonica</i> (<i>Ab</i>). <i>Ab</i> aqueous extract effects were tested on human albumin or erythrocytes submitted to methyl glyoxal-mediated glycoxidative damages. By using mass spectrometry, <i>Ab</i> aqueous extracts revealed to be rich in polyphenols. All tested biomarkers of oxidation and glycation, such as AGE, ketoamine, oxidized thiol groups, were decreased in albumin when glycated in the presence of <i>Ab</i> aqueous extract. <i>Ab</i> extract preserve erythrocyte from methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced damages in terms of restored membrane deformability, reduced oxidative stress and eryptosis phenomenon. Antioxidant capacities of <i>Ab</i> extract on erythrocytes were retrieved in vivo in zebrafish previously infused with MGO. These results bring new evidences on the deleterious impacts of glycation on albumin and erythrocyte in diabetes. Furthermore, it reveals antioxidant and antiglycant properties of <i>Ab</i> that could be used for the dietary modulation of oxidative stress and glycation in hyperglycemic situations.
Deutung der Vorgänge beim Ultraschallschweißen (1967)

ZusammenfassungDie Vorgänge beim Ultraschallschweißen gleichen denen beim Kaltpreßschweißen, Reibschweißen und dem Explosionsschweißen. Bei diesen Verfahren wird die Energie mechanisch zugeführt. Ähnlichkeit ist zwischen dem Ultraschallschweißen und dem Sintern vorhanden. Ferner können zu den Schweißvorgängen ohne das Auftreten flüssiger Phasen folgende Vorgänge gezählt werden : Plattieren, Bildung der Aufbauschneide beim Zerspanen und Verschweißerscheinungen bei gleitenden Flächen.
Surface Stabilization of Diblock PEG-PLGA Micelles by Polymerization ofN-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to improving the physical stability of biodegradable poly-(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[(DL-lactic acid)-co-(glycolic acid)] (PEG-PLGA) micelles. A hydroxyl-terminated PEG monomethacrylate (PEGmer) macroinitiator was used to prepare a methacrylate-end-capped PEG-PLGA diblock copolymer by the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide and glycolide. The surface-exposed methacrylate groups in the shell layer of the micelles can be polymerized with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. The resulting micelles show substantially enhanced stability.
On an approximation property relevant to non-linear system identification† (1973)

A separation property for nonlinear functions from R n →R n is indicated. This property, when possessed by the functions constituting the evolution operator of a discrete non-linear dynamical system, is particularly useful in the formulation of stochastic approximation algorithms for system identification in the presence of both dynamic and measurement noise.
Robust and Dense Depth Estimation for Light Field Images (2017)

We propose a depth estimation method for light field images. Light field images can be considered as a collection of 2D images taken from different viewpoints arranged in a regular grid. We exploit this configuration and compute the disparity maps between specific pairs of views. This computation is carried out by a state of the art two-view stereo method providing a non dense disparity estimation. We propose a disparity interpolation method increasing the density and improving the accuracy of this initial estimate. Disparities obtained from several pairs of views are fused to obtain a unique and robust estimation. Finally, different experiments on synthetic and real images show how the proposed method outperforms state of the art results.
Abstract 2797: Multicenter pharmacokinetic study of pembrolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer in older adults aged over 75 years (2023)

Abstract Background: Pembrolizumab (Pemb) is a key drug for the treatment of advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are limited data on Pemb use in older adults aged &amp;gt;75 years with NSCLC, especially in terms of pharmacokinetics (PK). Methods: This open-label multicenter observational study aimed to evaluate real-world data on the safety, efficacy, and blood concentrations of Pemb (both monotherapy and combination therapies) in older adults with NSCLC. Blood samples for PK analysis were collected immediately before Pemb administration. Quantitative Pemb concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: We enrolled 100 patients from July 2019 to September 2020; one patient was excluded due to stage migration. Patient characteristics were as follows: median age, 78 (75-87) years; male/female ratio, 70/29; performance status (PS) 0-1/2-3, 85/14; adenocarcinoma/squamous cell carcinoma/others, 62/25/12; stage I-III/IV/postoperative recurrence (TNM 7th edition), 9/60/30; PD-L1 TPS &amp;lt;1%/1%-49%/≥50%, 12/31/48; and monotherapy/combination therapy, 65/34. The best overall efficacy was CR/PR/SD/PD (7/40/32/20), and the response rate was 47.5%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.0 and 19.0 months, respectively. The adverse event profile was generally similar to that reported in previous studies. In total, 77 blood samples were collected immediately before the second cycle (C1 trough). Although no clear association between Pemb concentrations and patient background was found, PFS and OS were significantly shortened in the population with low C1 trough, a population characterized by lower PS, high number of metastatic organs at the beginning of treatment, and low blood albumin level. Conclusion: In older adults aged &amp;gt;75 years with NSCLC and low albumin levels and PS and a high number of metastatic organs, C1 trough of Pemb is reduced and not expected to prolong PFS and OS. Citation Format: Yoshiro Nakahara, Kageaki Watanabe, Yukio Hosomi, Yuta Yamanaka, Takayasu Kurata, Hidehito Horinouchi, Yuichiro Ohe, Tetsuhiko Asao, Sho Saeki, Yukari Tsubata, Yu Fujita, Jun Sakakibara Konishi, Hidenori Mizugaki, Mayu Ohuchi, Shigehiro Yagishita, Akinobu Hamada. Multicenter pharmacokinetic study of pembrolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer in older adults aged over 75 years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2797.
Enhanced Gas Lift Valve Performance for Sharp Edged Seat using Larger Ball Sizes (2017)

Theoretically, each Sharp Edged Seat has fully open stem travel based on the port and ball diameters. Gas lift valve 1.5” has 6 different port diameters (3/16”, ¼”, 5/16”, 3/8”, 7/16” and ½”). For each port the ball diameter is usually larger than the port diameter by 1/16”. Laboratory testing for sharp edged seats showed that the actual flow area is less than theoretically calculated area resulting from the bellows stacking before the stem reaches the fully open. Consequently, the valve stem restricts the flow and the flow rate through the valve declines. The purpose of this work is to examine the possibility of improving the efficiency of the gas lift valve by using larger ball size than conventionally used. For each port, different ball sizes were tested at different stem positions for the same condition (Injection pressure & Temperature). Results obtained from benchmark test displayed increasing in the flow rate as the ball size increases at the same stem travel.
Autoimmune mechanisms in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): the role of tobacco antigen and the major histocompatibility complex. (1992)

This study is a continuation of our previous work that showed that patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO; Buerger's disease) demonstrate a cell-mediated immune response to human artery type-specific collagens. To investigate the role of cigarette smoking in patients with TAO, cellular and humoral sensitivity was tested to a tobacco glycoprotein (TGP) antigen in 13 patients with Buerger's disease, 16 healthy smokers, and 12 nonsmoking healthy young male subjects. In this study, patients with Buerger's disease and healthy smokers had the same rate of cellular response to TGP, whereas nonsmokers did not respond. All three groups had a 30% to 40% measurable antibody response to TGP. If TGP has an immunologic role in the pathogenesis of TAO, an additional factor (or factors) may be operative. A specific genetic makeup may be one such factor, although at this stage other pathogenic mechanisms cannot be ruled out. Eleven patients with Buerger's disease and two control groups of 10 young healthy smoking male subjects and 12 young nonsmokers underwent histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. Patients with Buerger's disease had a statistically significantly higher frequency of HLA-DR4 and a significantly lower frequency of the HLA-DRW6 antigen than had both control groups. Because similar findings have been reported in other autoimmune diseases, this observation may serve as further evidence that an autoimmune mechanism is involved in Buerger's disease.
Concordance of gene expression in human protein complexes reveals tissue specificity and pathology (2013)

Disease-causing variants in human genes usually lead to phenotypes specific to only a few tissues. Here, we present a method for predicting tissue specificity based on quantitative deregulation of protein complexes. The underlying assumption is that the degree of coordinated expression among proteins in a complex within a given tissue may pinpoint tissues that will be affected by a mutation in the complex and coordinated expression may reveal the complex to be active in the tissue. We identified known disease genes and their protein complex partners in a high-quality human interactome. Each susceptibility gene's tissue involvement was ranked based on coordinated expression with its interaction partners in a non-disease global map of human tissue-specific expression. The approach demonstrated high overall area under the curve (0.78) and was very successfully benchmarked against a random model and an approach not using protein complexes. This was illustrated by correct tissue predictions for three case studies on leptin, insulin-like-growth-factor 2 and the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit gamma that show high concordant expression in biologically relevant tissues. Our method identifies novel gene-phenotype associations in human diseases and predicts the tissues where associated phenotypic effects may arise.
Dietary Encapsulated Butyric Acid (Butipearl™) and Microemulsified Carotenoids (Quantum GLO™ Y) on the Growth, Immune Parameters and their Synergistic Effect on Pigmentation of Hybrid Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) (2017)

A 12-weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of encapsulated butyric acid (ButiPEARL™) and microemulsified yellow carotenoid (Quantum GLO™ Y) on growth, immune parameters and their synergistic effect on pigmentation of hybrid catfish. In the experiment, the catfish was randomly divided into 12 groups of 15 fishes and then fed with four experimental diets containing 0.5 kg/t ButiPEARL™, 0.7 kg/t Quantum GLO™ Y, 0.5 kg/t ButiPEARL™ + 0.7 kg/t Quantum GLO™ Y, or none of these supplements (control diet). The results showed that the ButiPEARL™ + Quantum GLO™ Y fed group gave the highest yellowness (b*) score of 18.43 in the back muscle and almost double the total carotenoid measured in the fish muscle (151.35 mg/kg) compared to the Quantum™ Y fed group. This suggests that butyric acid in the diet had a synergistic effect on carotenoid absorption and pigmentation performance of catfish. The body weight of all treatment groups was significantly different from the control group and the catfish fed ButiPEARL™ alone had the highest body weight gained followed by the ButiPEARL™ + Quantum GLO™ Y fed group with an FCR improvement of 25 points and 13 points respectively over the control. There was no adverse effect on the immune system after feeding both butyric acid and carotenoid to the catfish and the immune parameters (number of leucocytes, erythrocyte, percent of hematocrit, haemoglobin and total protein) of ButiPEARL™ + Quantum GLO™ Y fed group were improved compared with the other groups. In conclusion, ButiPEARL™, Quantum GLO™ Y and the combination have positive effects on performance and pigmentation in catfish aquaculture.
Splenic Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Drive B Cells to Adopt a Plasmablast Cell Fate (2022)

Upon encountering cognate antigen, B cells can differentiate into short-lived plasmablasts, early memory B cells or germinal center B cells. The factors that determine this fate decision are unclear. Past studies have addressed the role of B cell receptor affinity in this process, but the interplay with other cellular compartments for fate determination is less well understood. Moreover, B cell fate decisions have primarily been studied using model antigens rather than complex pathogen systems, which potentially ignore multifaceted interactions from other cells subsets during infection. Here we address this question using a <i>Plasmodium</i> infection model, examining the response of B cells specific for the immunodominant circumsporozoite protein (CSP). We show that B cell fate is determined in part by the organ environment in which priming occurs, with the majority of the CSP-specific B cell response being derived from splenic plasmablasts. This plasmablast response could occur independent of T cell help, though gamma-delta T cells were required to help with the early isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Interestingly, selective ablation of CD11c<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells and macrophages significantly reduced the splenic plasmablast response in a manner independent of the presence of CD4 T cell help. Conversely, immunization approaches that targeted CSP-antigen to dendritic cells enhanced the magnitude of the plasmablast response. Altogether, these data indicate that the early CSP-specific response is predominately primed within the spleen and the plasmablast fate of CSP-specific B cells is driven by macrophages and CD11c<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells.
Rinse‐added fabric softener technology at the close of the twentieth century (1999)

Abstract This paper reviews rinse‐added liquid fabric softener products including current and emerging technologies related to composition, raw materials, and manufacturing processes. An introductory overview of the historical drivers, market trends, advantages and disadvantages, and consumer habits and practices that affect these products is also included.