gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving string stability in irrigation channels under distributed distant-downstream control (2013)

A new distributed distant-downstream controller for irrigation channels is studied. The controller ensures upstream propagation of transients, like those considered previously, but now in a spatially stable fashion. This is achieved by foregoing zero steady-state water-level errors in response to step changes in flow off-takes, via a mechanism that adjusts water-level references on the basis of downstream flow load.While structurally different, the approach is inspired by time headway schemes in vehicle platoons. A trade-off between steady-state water-level errors and the spatial attenuation of the water-flow peaks is identified.
Biosociology: An Emerging Paradigm. (1996)

Preface The Case of Biosociology Genetics and Human Behavior The Brain and Its Environment Emotion and the Autonomic and Endocrine Systems Intelligence and Society Sexual Dimorphism and Sex-Role Behavior Human Sexuality and Evolution The Nature and Nurture of Criminality Love, Marriage, and the Family References Index
Age-related normalization of the browning rate of collagen in diabetic subjects without retinopathy. (1986)

The age-related changes in collagen-linked fluorescence (browning) were investigated in skin from subjects with long-standing type I diabetes. Overall browning rates were 2.4 times higher in diabetics than in controls (P less than 0.02) and slope intercept accurately reflected the mean age of onset of diabetes (11.6 vs. 11.2 yr), suggesting that the browning process has the attributes of a biological clock. Browning rates were not different in controls and diabetics without retinopathy (P greater than 0.05) but were 2.4 (P less than 0.05) and 2.7 (P less than 0.01) times increased in the presence of background and proliferative retinopathy, respectively. Compared with subjects with retinopathy, individual browning rates since onset of diabetes decreased with advancing age in subjects free of retinopathy (P less than 0.001). Extrapolation revealed that they would become identical to that of nondiabetic subjects by the age of 66.4 yr. These results suggest the presence of a mechanism that controls the browning rate of collagen in diabetics who do not develop retinopathy.
Design and development of simulation system for minimally invasive surgery robot (2014)

This paper developed a simulation system for the training minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The simulation system has the capacity of providing the user with the security and real learning environment. The simulation system adopted Omega7 force sensing device as the input equipment offering position and posture information to the virtual robot. On the basis of the actual surgery robot model, we run the kernel simulation algorithm, which makes the surgical robot in the virtual environment imitate the real robot to complete operation action. At the same time, the user can be allowed to interact with the control panel in the interface, which has the same function as the real console, to control the virtual robot.
Aortic valve preservation and repair in acute Type A aortic dissection (2014)

Patients surviving an AAD have a limited long-term survival. Preservation and repair of the aortic valve is associated with a moderate risk of reoperation, but a low risk of thromboembolism, bleeding and endocarditis.
Insulin resistance causes inflammation in adipose tissue (2018)

Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance correlates with the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages and inflammation. However, the causal relationship of these events is unclear. Here, we report that obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice precedes macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue. Using a mouse model that combines genetically induced, adipose-specific insulin resistance (mTORC2-knockout) and diet-induced obesity, we found that insulin resistance causes local accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, insulin resistance in adipocytes results in production of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), which recruits monocytes and activates proinflammatory macrophages. Finally, insulin resistance (high homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) correlated with reduced insulin/mTORC2 signaling and elevated MCP1 production in visceral adipose tissue from obese human subjects. Our findings suggest that insulin resistance in adipose tissue leads to inflammation rather than vice versa.
Optical monitoring of nonquarterwave layers of dielectric multilayer filters using optical admittance (2006)

The optical monitoring method is described to compensate for the thickness error of nonquarterwave layers of dielectric multilayer filters, using optical admittance during deposition. Stability is confirmed by computer simulation of random thickness error generation in layers. In addition, a band split filter consisting of 61 nonquarterwave and nonperiodic layers is deposited in the proposed method, resulting in high spectral performance, as the design requires.
Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge about risk factors of coronary heart disease among the clients admitted in de-addiction ward (2020)

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is also called CAD. It is the most common form of heart disease and it is the leading cause of death, too. It occurs when the coronary arteries that carry blood to your heart get blocked with plaque. Objectives: The present study aims is to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching about risk factors of Coronary heart disease (CHD). Methodology: The research design for the study is pre-experimental with one group pre-test post-test research design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select samples. Structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and multiple choice questions was used to assess post-test knowledge. Results: The study resultsshows that statistically significant association with post-test level of knowledge about risk factors of coronary artery disease among the clients admitted in De-addiction ward at p<0.05 level and the other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with posttest level of knowledge about risk factors of coronary artery disease among the clients admitted in De-addiction ward. Conclusion: This indicates that video assisted teaching is the effective and easy method to improve knowledge regarding CAD. It also helps in maintaining good lifestyle by creating awareness regarding the healthy lifestyle.
Ytterbium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives from N-Arylaldimines and Vinyl Ethers (1995)

[4+2] Cycloaddition reaction of N-arylaldimines with vinyl ethers is effectively catalyzed by ytterbium(III) triflate to give quinoline derivatives in good yields. Furthermore, the reaction with silyl enol ethers affords 4-siloxytetrahydroquinolines, whereas an imino aldol reaction takes place in the reaction with ketene silyl acetals.
Anti‐thrombotic and haemorrhagic effects of active site‐inhibited factor VIIa in rats (2001)

Active site-inhibited factor VIIa (FFR-rFVIIa) competes with factor VIIa (FVIIa) for binding to tissue factor (TF) and exerts an anti-thrombotic effect. We report an evaluation of the anti-thrombotic properties of FFR-rFVIIa in a model of thrombosis involving two thrombogenic surfaces. Uncoated glass capillaries or glass capillaries coated with TF were incorporated into an arterioarterial shunt in the rat and the occlusion time (OT) of the shunt was determined. An anti-thrombotic activity of FFR-rFVIIa was shown only on the TF-coated surface: the OT of the shunt was significantly prolonged, from 167 +/- 34 s in control animals to 312 +/- 42 s after i.v. bolus administration of 4 mg/kg FFR-rFVIIa. This OT was similar to those observed with the uncoated shunts in untreated animals (353 +/- 84 s). In vitro preincubation of the TF-coated shunt with FFR-rFVIIa significantly prolonged the OT to 245 +/- 45 s in the absence of detectable amounts of FFR-rFVIIa in the plasma. rFFR-rFVIIa weakly prolonged the tail template bleeding time by a factor of 1.5. This effect was more pronounced in animals pretreated with heparin. The anti-thrombotic and prohaemorrhagic effects of FFR-rFVIIa were totally reversed by administration of an equidose of rFVIIa. These results provide new information on the pharmacological properties of FFR-rFVIIa that will be useful for its clinical development.
Selection and Persistence of CTX-M-Producing Escherichia coli in the Intestinal Flora of Pigs Treated with Amoxicillin, Ceftiofur, or Cefquinome (2008)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), mainly of the CTX-M family, have been associated with Escherichia coli strains of animal origin in Europe. An in vivo experiment was performed to study the effects of veterinary beta-lactam drugs on the selection and persistence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestinal flora of pigs. Twenty pigs were randomly allocated into three treatment groups and one control group. All pigs were inoculated intragastrically with 10(10) CFU of a nalidixic acid (NAL)-resistant mutant derived from a CTX-M-1-producing E. coli strain of pig origin. Treatment with amoxicillin, ceftiofur, or cefquinome according to the instructions on the product label was initiated immediately after bacterial inoculation. Feces were collected from the rectum before inoculation and on days 4, 8, 15, 22, and 25 after the start of treatment. The total and resistant coliforms were counted on MacConkey agar with and without cefotaxime (CTX). Furthermore, MacConkey agar with CTX and NAL was used to count the number of CFU of the inoculated strain. Significantly higher counts of CTX-resistant coliforms were observed in the three treatment groups than in the control group for up to 22 days after the discontinuation of treatment. Ceftiofur and cefquinome exerted larger selective effects than amoxicillin, and the effects persisted beyond the withdrawal times recommended for these cephalosporins. The inoculated strain was detected in only nine animals on day 25. The increase in the number of CTX-resistant coliforms was mainly due to the proliferation of indigenous CTX-M-producing strains and the possible emergence of strains that acquired CTX-M genes by horizontal transfer. The study provides evidence that the cephalosporins used in pig production select for CTX-M-producing E. coli strains. Their use in animals should be carefully considered in view of the critical importance of cephalosporins and the zoonotic potential of ESBL-producing bacteria.
The calculation of transfer matrices of linear systems with continuous and sampled‐data signals by signal flow graphs (1983)

Abstract The paper presents a method based on the concept of signal flow graphs which is suitable for the determination of transfer matrices of linear systems excited by continuous or by continuous and sampled‐data signals. the method is valid in case of several excitations and responses.
Response microcantilever thermal detector (2023)

A "folded leg" thermal detector microcantilever constructed of a substrate with at least one leg interposed between a fixed end and a deflective end, each leg having at least three essentially parallel leg segments interconnected on alternate opposing ends and aligned in a serpentine pattern with only the first leg segment attached to the fixed end and only the last leg segment attached to the deflective end. Alternate leg segment are coated on the pentalever with coating applied to the top of the first, third, and fifth leg segments of each leg and to the bottom of the second and fourth leg segments of each leg.
THE HEMOLYTIC PLAQUE-FORMING CELL ASSAY IN TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) EXPOSED TO BENZO[a]PYRENE: ENHANCED OR DEPRESSED PLAQUE FORMATION DEPENDS ON DOSING SCHEDULE (1999)

The prospect of utilizing the cichlid teleost tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an alternative experimental model to mammals for preliminary chemical immunotoxicity risk assessment is being evaluated by examining the National Toxicology Program's standard battery of rodent immunotoxicity assays in chemicaltreated tilapia. The present report examines the hemolytic plaque forming cell assay (PFC), a quantitative indicator of antibody production, in tilapia exposed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Reduced antibody production against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigen in response to B\[a]P was observed using the PFC assay, via reduction in plaque number. Under specific immunization circumstances, increased plaque formation was observed in chemical-exposed fish, an effect also reported in rodents. Although the normal teleost immune responsiveness was weaker than seen with mice under comparable conditions (presumably due to differences in antibody structure of teleosts), tilapia werefound toexhibit well-defined primary and secondary humoral responses to SRBC, and an immunotoxic response to B[a]P comparable to the rodent model.
Compatibility of Photoactive Dyes with Insect Biocontrol Agents (1998)

Integrated pest management (IPM) programmes often look for more specific ways to control pests. Biological control agents, such as the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, can control insects with minimal disturbance to the environment because of their host specificity and short half-lives. Often these agents alone cannot prevent yield loss or are too expensive. This study looked at the in vitro combination of these agents and photoactive dyes, especially phloxine B (red dye D&C 28), a Food and Drug Administration approved dye, with the intent to provide better insect control. Photoactive dyes are being tested for the control of many pest insects. Phloxine B and related xanthene dyes, eosin y, fluorescein and rose bengal inhibited the growth of both B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana . Phloxine B was the most inhibitory and fluorescein the least inhibitory dye for both microbes. The magnitude of inhibition increased with increasing concentration of dye and light intensity. Therefore, an adverse effect on the field performance of these biological control agents in combination with xanthene dyes would be expected.
Toward a simplification of the protein folding problem: a stabilizing polyalanine .alpha.-helix engineered in T4 lysozyme (1991)

In an attempt to simplify the protein folding problem, and also to further investigate the role of alanine as a helix-stabilizing residue, a series of alanines was introduced within the alpha-helix that includes residues 126-134 of T4 lysozyme. In wild-type lysozyme this alpha-helix contains alanine residues at positions 129, 130, and 134. Mutant lysozymes with alanines substituted at positions 128, 131, 132, and 133, either as single substitutions or in selected combinations, were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. With the exception of the replacement of Leu 133, which is buried within the hydrophobic core of the protein, all the variants were more stable than wild-type lysozyme. The variant with alanines substituted at positions 128, 131, and 132 (E128A/V131A/N132A), which incorporates the sequence Ala 128-Ala 129-Ala 130-Ala 131-Ala 132-Leu 133-Ala 134, has a melting temperature 3.3 degrees C above that of wild-type lysozyme. Determination of the crystal structure of this mutant lysozyme shows that the replacement of Glu 128, Val 131, and Asn 132 with alanine causes alpha-helix 126-134 to rotate 3.4 degrees about an axis parallel to its own axis. This rotation seems to be triggered primarily by the loss of a hydrogen bond between Asn 132 and Ser 117 and is associated with the repacking of several side chains at the interface between alpha-helix 126-134 and the adjacent alpha-helix 115-122.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Erythronium albidum Nutt. (2006)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/11187/thumbnail.jpg
Terbenzimidazoles:  Influence of 2‘‘-, 4-, and 5-Substituents on Cytotoxicity and Relative Potency as Topoisomerase I Poisons (1997)

Terbenzimidazoles poison the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I and possess significant cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines. The relative pharmacological activity of 4,5- and 5,6-benzoterbenzimidazoles was compared to that of 5-phenylterbenzimidazole (3). 5,6-Benzoterbenzimidazole is inactive as a topoisomerase I poison and did not exhibit significant cytotoxic activity. In contrast, 4,5-benzoterbenzimidazole retained activity as a topoisomerase I poison but exhibited weak cytotoxic activity relative to 3. While 5-(1-naphthyl)terbenzimidazole is less potent than 3 as a topoisomerase I poison and cytotoxic agent, 5-(2-naphthyl)-terbenzimidazole has comparable activity to 3. The presence of a p-methoxy or p-chloro substituent on the phenyl moiety did not dramatically alter the pharmacological activity of 3. Several analogs of 3 were synthesized wherein the 2"-substituent varied from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, phenyl to p-methoxyphenyl. Evaluation of the intrinsic activity of these analogs as topoisomerase I poisons indicates that topoisomerase I poisoning was not diminished by the presence of a methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl substituent at the 2"-position. Among the various 2"-substituted analogs evaluated, only in the case of 2"-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylterbenzimidazole was a significant decrease in cytotoxicity observed.
Demonstration of Membrane Association and Surface Location of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies (1989)

We examined 10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins of 200, 170, 67, 46 and 42 kDa, and one mAb directed against a glycolipid component. The membrane association of the antigens reacting with our mAbs was investigated, in particular by phase-fractionation involving use of the detergent Triton X-114. The 170 kDa protein was shown to be membrane-associated, and surface exposure of this antigen was demonstrated by its disappearance from SDS-PAGE patterns after treatment of intact mycoplasmas with proteolytic enzymes. Cross-reactions with protein antigens of Mycoplasma genitalium were also shown. A mAb directed against a component of a lipid extract, prepared by the method used for preparation of the antigen used in the complement fixation (CF) test for serological diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection, reacted with one major and a few minor bands in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the crude extract. The glycolipid character of this major antigen was demonstrated by treatment of the extract with sodium periodate, and by development of the TLC with orcinol/ferric chloride. These reactive bands were the same as those detected by the use of polyclonal mouse antiserum and a human convalescent serum, a result showing that the CF antigen contains a glycolipid moiety reacting with our mAb. The surface exposure of this antigen was demonstrated by binding of mAbs to intact cells.
Gas source silicon molecular beam epitaxy using silane (1987)

The apparatus and its preliminary results of gas source silicon molecular beam epitaxy are reported for the first time. In this study, silane (SiH4) was used as a source gas. A subchamber was designed to control the gas flow precisely. SiH4 exposure during the initial cleaning was effective in lowering the cleaning temperature and saving the cleaning time. Epitaxial silicon films grew uniformly on 4-in. wafers. There was no spitting defect on the epitaxial films. Moreover, selective epitaxial growth was realized using a patterned SiO2 mask.
Site-directed M2 proton channel inhibitors enable synergistic combination therapy for rimantadine-resistant pandemic influenza (2019)

Abstract Pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) remains a significant threat to global health. Preparedness relies primarily upon a single class of neuraminidase (NA) targeted antivirals, against which resistance is steadily growing. The M2 proton channel is an alternative clinically proven antiviral target, yet a near-ubiquitous S31N polymorphism in M2 evokes resistance to licensed adamantane drugs. Hence, inhibitors capable of targeting N31 containing M2 (M2-N31) are highly desirable. Rational in silico design and in vitro screens delineated compounds favouring either lumenal or peripheral M2 binding, yielding effective M2-N31 inhibitors in both cases. Hits included adamantanes as well as novel compounds, with some showing low micromolar potency versus pandemic “swine” H1N1 influenza (Eng195) in culture. Interestingly, a published adamantane-based M2-N31 inhibitor rapidly selected a resistant V27A polymorphism (M2-A27/N31), whereas this was not the case for non-adamantane compounds. Nevertheless, combinations of adamantanes and novel compounds achieved synergistic antiviral effects, and the latter synergised with the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAi), Zanamivir. Thus, site-directed drug combinations show potential to rejuvenate M2 as an antiviral target whilst reducing the risk of drug resistance.
Germany's ECEC workforce: a difficult path to professionalisation (2015)

In a European comparison, the childcare profession in Germany has taken a distinct path of development which is closely interwoven with the history of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in general. Institutional choices critical to this path are the assignment of childcare as part of social welfare, the pursuit of a maternalist tradition in the care of young children, the privileged position of voluntary associations and the churches in the provision of day-care services, and the decentralised governance of the sector with main responsibilities assigned to the level of the 16 Bundesländer. This inheritance also has shaped the development of the ECEC profession and impeded a course of development similar to other countries. Only over the last decade have new dynamics emerged in the field. There has been an enormous expansion of ECEC provision and, interrelated with it, an intensive debate on professionalisation. Starting from the recent debates and developments, the article outlines the specific path of development of the childcare profession in Germany. In doing so, it takes a closer look at particular historical trajectories and critical junctures. A core question is whether the present strategies to enhance professionalism in the field of ECEC indicate either a modest modernisation or a radical change of traditional concepts of the profession.
Glycosidsynthesen nach dem N‐Iodsuccinimid‐Verfahren mit L‐Olivomycal. Darstellungen von ED‐Disaccharidglycosiden des Chromomycins A3 (1980)

Abstract Mit unterschiedlichen Alkoholen reagiert 4‐ O ‐Acetyl‐ L ‐olivomycal ( 2 ) nach dem N ‐Iodsuccinimid‐Verfahren glatt zu den α‐Glycosiden 3 – 6 der 2‐Iod‐ L ‐olivomycose. Mit N ‐Brom‐ bzw. N ‐Iodsuccinimid wird aus 2 und dem 2‐Desoxy‐ D ‐ arabino ‐Derivat 1 das 2′‐Brom‐Derivat 7 in geringer bzw. die 2′‐Iod‐Verbindung 8 in guter Ausbeute gewonnen. Die bromierende Benzylidenring‐öffnung von 8 gibt das labile 6‐Brom‐ 2′‐iod‐disaccharid 9 , aus dem reduktiv das Methylglycosid 10 der ED‐Disaccharideinheit dargestellt wird. Die Reaktion von 2 mit dem 6‐Iod‐monosaccharid 13 führt zum Disaccharid 11 in nur mäßiger Ausbeute. Seine anschließende Reduktion mit Tri‐n‐butylstannan verläuft komplex wie auch mit der Modellverbindung 13 gezeigt wird. Dagegen erhält man nach der N ‐Iodsuccinimid‐Methode aus 2 und dem Saccarid 15 glatt das Disaccharid 17 , dessen Partialhydrogenolyse zum Benzylglycosid 18 der ED‐Disaccharideinheit verschiedener Saccharid‐Cytostatica führt.