gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposed Educational Objectives for Hospital‐Based Dentists During Catastrophic Events and Disaster Response (2006)

The purpose of this project was to define education and training requirements for hospital-based dentists to efficiently and meaningfully participate in a hospital disaster response. Eight dental faculty with hospital-based training and/or military command and CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive) expertise were recruited as an expert panel. A consensus set of recommended educational objectives for hospital-based dentists was established using the following process: 1) identify assumptions supported by all expert panelists, 2) determine current advanced dental educational training requirements, and 3) conduct additional training and literature review by various panelists and discussions with other content and systems experts. Using this three-step process, educational objectives that the development group believed necessary for hospital-based dentists to be effective in treatment or management roles in times of a catastrophic event were established. These educational objectives are categorized into five thematic areas: 1) disaster systems, 2) triage/medical assessment, 3) blast and burn injuries, 4) chemical agents, and 5) biological agents. Creation of training programs to help dentists acquire these educational objectives would benefit hospital-based dental training programs and strengthen hospital surge manpower needs. The proposed educational objectives are designed to stimulate discussion and debate among dental, medical, and public health professionals about the roles of dentists in meeting hospital surge manpower needs.
High-strength Reinforcing Steel Bars: Concrete Shear Friction (2017)

A706 Grade 80 [550]).The specimens were instrumented and tested with an applied load through the shear interface.The general research methodology followed is:(1) A literature review on the topic was performed first.This included reviewing: (a) the shear friction theory; (b) published experimental research on concrete interface shear behavior estimated from push-off test specimens; (c) published experimental research on concrete interface shear behavior estimated from full-scale composite beam specimens; and (d) applicable codes and specifications for the design of interface shear in reinforced concrete structures.(2) An experimental program was developed, which included: (a) experimental setup design; (b) specimen design and reinforcing steel layout; (c) push-off test procedures including the test setup and rate of loading; (d) instrumentation layout and plan; (e) construction procedure of the specimens; and (f) post-processing of experimental results.(3) Materials used to construct the push-off test specimens were analyzed.This included tensile testing of the reinforcing steel that was to be used across the interface to determine the material properties.In addition, testing on the concrete was completed to determine its material properties.(4) The experiment was conducted and the results were analyzed and discussed.The interface shear force versus the interface shear displacement, strain, and crack width behavior was reported.In addition, pertinent values from the test were reported and analyzed.Results and analysis of specimen type tested was discussed and compared to US codes.(5) Conclusions were drawn from the discussion and recommendations for future testing were made. SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGSOverall, the results show a promising step forward for the utilization of HSS in bridge and building components.All push-off specimens were designed to have similar interface shear resistance using current AASHTO design equations.The main findings from of this research are that while the peak strength capacity of the specimens reinforced with Grade 80 #5 bars was greater than that of the Grade 60 #5 bars, a similar increase was not observed in the #4 specimens where negligible differences were observed in the peak strength.However, the use of HSS reinforcement increased the post-peak sustained loads.The mixed observations in terms of the increasing strength in the specimens with #4 and #5 reinforcement can be explained with the fact that the interface reinforcement for the #4 specimens did not reach yielding strains.However, two different varying conditions, the reinforcement bar size and the spacing between the bars, may have played a role in this difference.To clarify this point, and to gain a better understanding of the effects of HSS reinforcement for shear friction applications, further research is still needed, especially concerning other test variables not considered in SPR 762, including for example, concrete strength, interface roughness, rebar spacing, rebar grade, among others.x 5.3
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Loss of Ca(v)1.3 (CACNA1D) function in a human channelopathy with bradycardia and congenital deafness. (2011)

Deafness is genetically very heterogeneous and forms part of several syndromes. So far, delayed rectifier potassium channels have been linked to human deafness associated with prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiograms and ventricular arrhythmia in Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Ca(v)1.3 voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) translate sound-induced depolarization into neurotransmitter release in auditory hair cells and control diastolic depolarization in the mouse sinoatrial node (SAN). Human deafness has not previously been linked to defects in LTCCs. We used positional cloning to identify a mutation in CACNA1D, which encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of Ca(v)1.3 LTCCs, in two consanguineous families with deafness. All deaf subjects showed pronounced SAN dysfunction at rest. The insertion of a glycine residue in a highly conserved, alternatively spliced region near the channel pore resulted in nonconducting calcium channels that had abnormal voltage-dependent gating. We describe a human channelopathy (termed SANDD syndrome, sinoatrial node dysfunction and deafness) with a cardiac and auditory phenotype that closely resembles that of Cacna1d(-/-) mice. PMID: 21131953 Funding information This work was supported by: Austrian Science Fund FWF, Austria Grant ID: W 1101 Austrian Science Fund FWF, Austria Grant ID: P 20670
Characteristics and soot formation in laminar liquefied petroleum gas flames in air crossflow (2021)

Crossflow non-premixed LPG-air flames display stability issues at higher air velocities. They also emit notable amount of soot. To improve the flame stability, obstacles such as backward facing steps, are used. In this work, laminar LPG-air crossflow flames are studied using a comprehensive numerical model incorporating multi-component mass transfer with thermal diffusion, diffusion energy source, sub-models for soot formation, its oxidation and radiation losses due to gas and soot. For the cases without backward facing step (baseline cases), the flame is unstable after a given air velocity. Flames are much stable over an increased air velocity, when a backward facing step is used. In these cases, the net soot production is relatively higher when compared to baseline cases as a result of increased residence time in the wake of the step. The location of the step from the fuel injection point also has its effects on soot formation.
The somatically generated T cell receptor CDR3α contributes to the MHC allele specificity of the T cell receptor (2017)

ABSTRACT Mature T cells bearing αβ T cell receptors react with foreign antigens bound to alleles of major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC) that they were exposed to during their development in the thymus, a phenomenon known as positive selection. The structural basis for positive selection has long been debated. Here, using mice expressing one of two different T cell receptor β chains and various MHC alleles, we show that positive selection-induced MHC bias of T cell receptors is affected both by the germline encoded elements of the T cell receptor α and β chain and, surprisingly, dramatically affected by the non germ line encoded CDR3 of the T cell receptor α chain. Thus, in addition to determining specificity for antigen, the non germline encoded elements of T cell receptors may help the proteins cope with the extremely polymorphic nature of major histocompatibility complex products within the species.
A Coaxial High Power Output Cavity Operating in Hybrid TM₀₁-TM₀₂ Modes for Repetitive Operation (2021)

An output cavity operating in hybrid TM01-TM02 modes is investigated for the sake of producing repetitive high power microwaves (HPMs) in coaxial electromagnetic structures. To suppress anode plasma formation, the generated microwave is changed to be extracted inwards, so that the intense electron beam can be collected on the outer conductor, which makes beam collector cooling feasible practically in this topology. The issue of radio frequency breakdown is addressed by using a large extraction waveguide, and particularly the external quality factor required for optimal beam wave interaction is achieved by adjusting mode coupling. The design is examined in an X-band triaxial klystron amplifier by particle-in-cell simulation, which shows HPM with a power of 2 GW can be generated with an efficiency of about 36%.
Hinged polysilicon structures with integrated CMOS TFTs (2003)

The surface micromachining process described can produce a variety of microelectromechanical components, including CMOS thin film transistors and three dimensional polysilicon structures with large features and high detail in all three dimensions. Polysilicon structural elements are made with integrated hinges, which allow three dimensional structures to be erected out of the plane of the wafer. CMOS transistors are integrated directly in the structural thin films, and flexible polysilicon elements electrically connect the structures to the substrate. Some batch assembly of the structural elements has been demonstrated, and a first generation CAD system has been developed to model the structural half of the process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biologic targeting in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (2009)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been clarified and immunosuppressive agents which nonspecifically reduce inflammation and immunity have been used in the conventional therapies for IBD. Evidence indicates that a dysregulation of mucosal immunity in the gut of IBD causes an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and trafficking of effector leukocytes into the bowel, thus leading to an uncontrolled intestinal inflammation. Under normal situations, the intestinal mucosa is in a state of "controlled" inflammation regulated by a delicate balance of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma], interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-11). The mucosal immune system is the central effector of intestinal inflammation and injury, with cytokines playing a central role in modulating inflammation. Cytokines may therefore be a logical target for inflammatory bowel disease therapy using specific cytokine inhibitors. Biotechnology agents targeted against TNF, leukocyte adhesion, Th1 polarization, T cell activation, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and other miscellaneous therapies are being evaluated as potential therapies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. In this context, infliximab and adalimumab are currently the only biologic agents approved in Europe for the treatment of inflammatory Crohn's disease. Other anti-TNF biologic agents have emerged, including CDP571, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, onercept. However, ongoing research continues to generate new biologic agents targeted at specific pathogenic mechanism involved in the inflammatory process. Lymphocyte-endothelial interactions mediated by adhesion molecules are important in leukocyte migration and recruitment to sites of inflammation, and selective blockade of these adhesion molecules is a novel and promising strategy to treat Crohn's disease. Therapeutics agents to inhibit leukocyte trafficking include natalizumab (approved for use in Crohn's disease in USA), MLN-02, and ISIS 2302. Other agents being investigated for the treatment of Crohn's disease include inhibitors of T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine receptors, Th1 polarization, growth hormone, and growth factors. Agents being investigated for treatment of ulcerative colitis include many of those mentioned above. Controlled clinical trials are currently being conducted, exploring the safety and efficacy of old and new biologic agents, and the search certainly will open new and exciting perspective on the development of therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. A review is made of the main areas of research exploring the mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of IBD, providing advances in the agents currently in use, and identifying a host of new therapeutic biologic targets.
Scheduling of Multistage Batch Processes under Utility Constraints (2009)

We present a novel discrete-time mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation for the simultaneous batching and scheduling in multiproduct multistage processes under utility constraints. In addition to processing units and storage vessels, we consider utilities such as cooling water, steam, and electricity that are available in limited quantities. Since different tasks often share the limited utilities at the same time, we use a common time-grid approach. Further, the proposed method handles the batching decisions (the number and sizes of batches) seamlessly without the usage of explicit batch-selection variables. To preserve batch identity in storage vessels, we introduce a new class of inventory variables and constraints. Our approach is the first to address limited utilities for simultaneous batching and scheduling in multistage processes.
Dynamic Generation of SMIL-Based Multimedia Interfaces (2008)

The current heterogeneous world of networks and terminals combined with the generalized mobility of users pose telecommunications operators and service providers the challenge of dynamically adapt the services they provide. This paper presents a proposal to solve the problem of the adaptation of multimedia services in mobile contexts. The paper combines context-awareness techniques with user interface modeling and description to dynamically adapt telecommunications services to user resources, in terms of terminal and network conditions. The solution is mainly characterized by the approach used for resolving the existing dependencies among user interface variables, which is based on the constraints theory, and by the mechanism for acquiring the user context information, which uses the Parlay/OSA interfaces. The experiments and tests carried out with these techniques demonstrate a general improvement of the adaptation of multimedia services in mobile environments, in comparison to systems that do not dynamically integrate the user context information in the adaptation process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for Large‐Scale Synthesis of AgI Nanoparticles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
WBANs for live sport monitoring : an experimental approach, early results and perspectives (2012)

International audience
Hybrid Shear‐Thinning Hydrogel Integrating Hyaluronic Acid with ROS‐Responsive Nanoparticles (2023)

Nanoparticle (NP) supra-assembly offers unique opportunities to tune macroscopic hydrogels' mechanical strength, material degradation, and drug delivery properties. Here, synthetic, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive NPs are physically crosslinked with hyaluronic acid (HA) through guest-host chemistry to create shear-thinning NP/HA hydrogels. A library of triblock copolymers composed of poly(propylene sulfide)-<i>bl</i>-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-<i>bl</i>-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-<i>co</i>-N-(1-adamantyl)acrylamide) are synthesized with varied triblock architectures and adamantane grafting densities and then self-assembled into NPs displaying adamantane on their corona. Self-assembled NPs are mixed with β-cyclodextrin grafted HA to yield eighteen NP/HA hydrogel formulations. The NP/HA hydrogel platform demonstrates superior mechanical strength to HA-only hydrogels, susceptibility to oxidative/enzymatic degradation, and inherent cell-protective, antioxidant function. The performance of NP/HA hydrogels is shown to be affected by triblock architecture, guest/host grafting densities, and HA composition. In particular, the length of the hydrophilic second block and adamantane grafting density of self-assembled NPs significantly impacts hydrogel mechanical properties and shear-thinning behavior, while ROS-reactivity of poly(propylene sulfide) protects cells from cytotoxic ROS and reduces oxidative degradation of HA compared to HA-only hydrogels. This work provides insight into polymer structure-function considerations for designing hybrid NP/HA hydrogels and identifies antioxidant, shear-thinning hydrogels as promising injectable delivery platforms for small molecule drugs and therapeutic cells.
Serial Doxycycline and Metronidazole in Prevention of Recurrent Periodontitis in High‐Risk Patients (1992)

The efficacy of metronidazole and doxycycline in preventing recurrent periodontitis was studied in 23 patients. After treatment in the previous 7 months with either bimonthly scaling and 3 weeks of systemic doxycycline (11 subjects) or scaling and placebo (12 subjects), patients were monitored for recurrent periodontitis and were scaled every 2 months. When either a periodontal abscess or greater than 2 mm loss of gingival attachment was observed, metronidazole was administered (250 mg every 8 hours) for 10 days. In the placebo plus metronidazole group, 5 patients (42%) exhibited recurrent periodontitis after the metronidazole regimen compared with only one (9%) in the doxycycline plus metronidazole group (P less than 0.096). Subgingival plaque samples at study and healthy control sites were screened for the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum by immunofluorescence and for spirochetes using Ryu's stain. Presence/absence analysis of the sum of scores of the 6 individual pathogens demonstrated large reductions (P less than 0.005) in the frequency of detection of pathogens in the former doxycycline compared with the placebo plus metronidazole group at both study and control sites before and one month after metronidazole. By 7 months after metronidazole, there was no detectable difference between groups. These results indicate that prevention of recurrent periodontitis with metronidazole may be enhanced by previous treatment with doxycycline.
Inclusion compounds from a decomposing host: a cautionary tale (2005)

were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined. Unexpectedly all such molecules form interlocked Piedfort-associates. Thus the two superposed molecules of a Piedfort-unit serve as supramolecular synthon [1]. We can also clearly see intramolecular halogen-halogen interactions which are developed at the external surface of the Piedfort-pair.
Atropisomerism about Aryl–Csp3 Bonds: The Electronic and Steric Influence of ortho-Substituents on Conformational Exchange in Cannabidiol and Linderatin Derivatives (2014)

Terpenylation reactions of substituted phenols were used to prepare cannabidiol and linderatin derivatives, and their structure and conformational behavior in solution were investigated by NMR and, for some representative examples, by DFT. VT-NMR spectra and DFT calculations were used to determine the activation energies of the conformational change arising from restricted rotation about the aryl-Csp(3) bond that lead to two unequally populated rotameric epimers. The NBO calculation was applied to explain the electronic stabilization of one conformer over another by donor-acceptor charge transfer interactions. Conformational control arises from a combination of stereoelectronic and steric effects between substituents in close contact with each other on the two rings of the endocyclic epoxide atropisomers. This study represents the first exploration of the stereoelectronic origins of atropisomerism around C(sp(2))-C(sp(3)) single bonds through theoretical calculations.
Ligand requirements for Ca2+ binding to EGF-like domains (1992)

Site-specific mutagenesis studies of the first epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domain of human clotting factor IX suggest that the calcium-binding site present in this domain (dissociation constant Kd = 1.8 mM at pH 7.5 and ionic strength I = 0.15) involved the carboxylate residues Asp47, Asp49 and Asp64. To further characterize the ligands required for calcium binding to EGF-like domains, two new mutations, Asp47----Asn and Asp49----Asn, were introduced into the domain by peptide synthesis. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to obtain the dissociation constants for calcium binding to these mutations. Calcium binding to the Asp49----Asn modified domain is only mildly affected (Kd = 6 mM, I = 0.15), whereas binding to the Asp47----Asn modified domain is severely reduced (Kd = 42 mM, I = 0.15). From these data, it is proposed that the anionic oxygen atoms of the side chains of residues 47 and 64 are essential for calcium binding, whereas the side chain ligand for calcium at residue 49 can be a carboxyamide oxygen. As a control, the introduction of the modification Glu78----Asp in a region of the domain not believed to be involved in calcium binding had very little effect on the Kd for calcium (Kd = 2.6 mM, I = 0.15). Finally, the effect of an Asp47----Gly substitution found in the natural haemophilia B mutant, factor IXAlabama, was investigated. This peptide has a markedly reduced affinity for calcium (Kd = 37 mM, I = 0.15), suggesting that the defect in factor IXAlabama is due to impaired calcium binding to its first EGF-like domain.