gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Cofactor in a Prokaryotic Enzyme: Tryptophan Tryptophylquinone as the Redox Prosthetic Group in Methylamine Dehydrogenase (1991)

Methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), an alpha 2 beta 2 enzyme from numerous methylotrophic soil bacteria, contains a novel quinonoid redox prosthetic group that is covalently bound to its small beta subunit through two amino acyl residues. A comparison of the amino acid sequence deduced from the gene sequence of the small subunit for the enzyme from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 with the published amino acid sequence obtained by the Edman degradation method, allowed the identification of the amino acyl constituents of the cofactor as two tryptophyl residues. This information was crucial for interpreting 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data collected for the semicarbazide- and carboxymethyl-derivatized bis(tripeptidyl)-cofactor of MADH from bacterium W3A1. The cofactor is composed of two cross-linked tryptophyl residues. Although there are many possible isomers, only one is consistent with all the data: The first tryptophyl residue in the peptide sequence exists as an indole-6,7-dione, and is attached at its 4 position to the 2 position of the second, otherwise unmodified, indole side group. Contrary to earlier reports, the cofactor of MADH is not 2,7,9-tricarboxypyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a derivative thereof, or pro-PQQ. This appears to be the only example of two cross-linked, modified amino acyl residues having a functional role in the active site of an enzyme, in the absence of other cofactors or metal ions.
The separation of cells and organelles by partitioning in two-polymer aqueous phases (1981)

When solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran are mixed above certain concentrations, they form two immiscible aqueous phases: a
[Research progress of dyskeratosis congenita]. (2019)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare disease and a genetic heterogeneity of bone marrow failure, characterized by muco-cutaneous triad of mucosal leukoplakia, abnormal skin pigmentation, nails dystrophy and often involving multiple organs or systems. The inheritance patterns of DC include X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant and recessive patterns. However, the inheritance patterns in 30%-40% of DC patients remained unknown. Dyskeratosis congenita is difficult to diagnose because of its genetic and clinical heterogeneity. This article will review and discuss the state-of-the-art progresses in genetics, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of DC.
Mast cell accumulation and cytokine expression in the tight skin mouse model of scleroderma (2005)

The tight skin (Tsk) mouse develops many pathological changes seen in human scleroderma, such as increased collagen content and mast cell density. Although associations between mast cell expansion and skin fibrosis have been reported, the mechanisms underlying mast cell accumulation remain unclear. In this study, we have measured the density of skin mast cells in Tsk mice and their normal littermates (pa/pa) of 4-36 weeks of age, and in the skin heterografted between Tsk and pa/pa mice. Cytokines related to mast cell differentiation, proliferation and migration were examined by using RNase protection assays. Skin mast cell density in Tsk mice was significantly increased from 12 weeks of age, compared to that in pa/pa mice. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and to a lesser extent, stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) mRNA was higher in Tsk mice, compared to that in control mice. Mast cell density was unchanged in Tsk skin grafted onto pa/pa hosts, but dramatically increased in pa/pa skin grafted onto Tsk hosts. This latter mast cell hyperplasia was associated with the increases in mRNA levels of TGF-beta1, SCF and IL-15, whereas little change in cytokine levels was seen in heterografted Tsk skin. These results suggest that locally produced cytokines in Tsk skin influence mast cell accumulation in this animal model of human scleroderma.
Analysis and optimal design of semi-insulator passivated high-voltage field plate structures and comparison with dielectric passivated structures (1994)

The influences of the field oxide thickness and the junction depth on the breakdown voltage of semi-insulator passivated planar junctions with the field plate are investigated using a 2D simulator. This is done by analyzing the two extreme situations: the planar junction with an infinitely long field plate, and the deep-depleted MOS structure having a finite size. This rather unconventional approach has offered a new physical insight into the role of the metal field plate and has revealed that the severe field crowding associated with a shallow planar junction can be greatly suppressed by using a thin field oxide. The breakdown voltage and the optimal field oxide thickness of the semi-insulator passivated field plate structures remain nearly constant over a wide variation in the junction depth, and therefore such structures are attractive for realizing high-voltages in vertical devices fabricated by low-voltage IC technology. The influences of the field plate width and the inter-electrode spacing are studied by the conventional approach, and a simple and widely applicable design guideline is given for both the nonpunchthrough and the punchthrough type structures. The influence of the surface charge in the range 0 to 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ is found to be negligible. The semi-insulator passivated and the dielectric passivated field plate structures are compared under optimal conditions. This suggests that the semi-insulator passivated structures are attractive when thin field oxide and a shallow planar junction are needed and that the dielectric passivated structures are better when compactness is desired.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation and characterization of Polyvinyl chloride/Polymethyl- methacrylate/Graphite [PVC/PMMA/G] membrane used for the purification of the bioethanol produced from the hydrolysis and fermentation of rice waste (2022)

Rice waste as a starchy food waste that is discharged daily into the environment in huge amounts has been used as a valuable source for the production of bioethanol. The tested parameters investigated that phosphoric acid as a chemical representative combined with autoclaving as a physical representative are the most potent conditions for the liberation of glucose units from the starch molecules among other tested conditions. The optimization process revealed that the maximum production of simple sugars of 12.39 mg/ml from rice waste can be obtained through the pre-treatment of 5% rice waste with 20% H3PO4 and autoclaving followed by the amylase hydrolysis. These liberated glucose units have been successfully fermented into 5.2 mg/ml bioethanol using a yeast strain (Pichia nakasei with the accession number OK092294). The separation of the produced bioethanol from other media components was performed via amicon cell ultrafiltration system integrated with polymeric membrane. The membrane was prepared from Polyvinyl chloride/Polymethylmethacrylate/ Graphite [PVC/PMMA/G] with different thicknesses 400, 500 and 600 µm. For membrane characterization, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile strength, water contact angle, and water and ethanol uptakes have been used. Among the tested membranes thicknesses, the obtained results showed that the best membrane thickness is 500 µm which recoded 939.526 (mg/m2.h) and 10.557 for flux of permeate and separation factor, respectively.
Indications of thin cirrus clouds in the stratosphere at mid-latitudes (2005)

Abstract. This study is devoted to the possible presence of cirrus clouds in the stratosphere. Three months of lidar data collected in the south of France (44° N) for detection of stratospheric cirrus are carefully analyzed. Most of the cirrus clouds appear to be located in the troposphere below the dynamical tropopause even when the cloud top is close to the thermal tropopause. Ten cirrus cases are found to be unambiguously located above the local dynamical tropopause according to high-resolution PV advection calculations. The highest cloud detected above the local tropopause (nearly 3 km above) is observed inside air masses that originate from the sub-tropical regions and are then transported rapidly to mid-latitudes through isentropic transport. The details of the air mass history is described with a 3-D trajectory model. The back-plumes indicate that the air mass, moist with respect to typical stratospheric air, was transported from the subtropical troposphere to the lowermost stratosphere in 4 days before detection above France. A continuous cooling of 5–10° along the trajectory took place during its transit. This cooling could have been partly responsible for the thin cirrus layer detected.
What will future historians say about the Clinton health reform act. (1994)

In a series of articles that began in the March-April 1992 issue of Physician Executive, the author has provided historical background on the debate that currently rages on the nature and course of national health reform. In addition to tracing past efforts to expand access to health care for Americans, Dr. Goldfield has provided unique insights into the American political process and into the American psyche. In this final article in the series, Dr. Goldfield provides his personal assessment of what the chances for real reform of the health care delivery system are and his views on what that reform will ultimately look like. He calls himself a skeptic, not a cynic, saying that the likelihood of meaningful change is small, given the numerous proponents of the status quo.
Zur Ausbreitung von Ionenschall‐Instabilitäten in schwach ionisierten Plasmen unter Berücksichtigung eines Potentialgradienten (1976)

Abstract A dispersion relation for the ion‐acoustic instability in a dc‐discharge is derived. The dc electric field term in the linearized Vlasov‐equation is not neglected, and the ion drift velocity is taken into account. Collisions of the electrons and ions with the neutrals are considered on the basis of a Davy‐dov‐collision term. The influence of the dc field and the ion drift leads to higher values of the spatial growth rates in the low frequency range and a shift of the maximum of the growth rates and the high frequency boundary of the unstable waves toward lower frequencies. The phase velocity diminishes, what is, above all, a result of the consideration of the ion drift velocity.
Virulence Studies ofScedosporiumandFusariumSpecies inDrosophila melanogaster (2007)

We developed a model of infection, using 1 Fusarium species (F. moniliforme) and 2 Scedosporium species (S. apiospermum and S. prolificans), in wild-type and Toll-deficient Drosophila melanogaster flies by injecting them with a standardized conidia inoculum. Wild-type flies were resistant to infection with both S. apiospermum and S. prolificans but were susceptible to infection with F. moniliforme. When Toll-deficient flies were infected with any of the 3 pathogens, the result was acute infection and high mortality rates. Voriconazole mixed in fly food significantly protected flies infected with F. moniliforme or S. apiospermum but not those infected with S. prolificans.
Fine Pattern Etching of Silicon Substrates Using Atmospheric Line-Shaped Microplasma Source (2004)

An atmospheric line-shaped microplasma source was developed for fine pattern etching, and the dependence of the etching properties on the substrate temperature and the distance between the two outer gas outlets was investigated. There was a sudden increase of the etching rate and a decrease of top width when the substrate temperature was 300°C or more. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis indicates that oxidation on the line shoulder caused the top width to decrease. By decreasing the distance between the two outer gas outlets from 3 mm to 650 µm, the top width decreased from 441 µm to 234 µm. The gas flow simulation result revealed that there exists a firing limit of SF 6 partial pressure from 0.1% to 0.2% in the configuration.
Simulated food effects on drug release from ethylcellulose: PVA–PEG graft copolymer-coated pellets (2010)

The investigated film coatings allowing for oral controlled drug delivery are highly robust in vitro and likely to be poorly sensitive to classical food effects in vivo.
Perfluorocarbon solutions limit tubular epithelial cell injury and promote CD133+ kidney progenitor differentiation: potential use in renal assist devices for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and multiple organ failure (2017)

PFCs improved the viability and metabolic function of TECs seeded within a polysulphone hollow fibre and subjected to plasma from septic AKI patients. Additionally, PFCs promoted differentiation towards a tubular/epithelial phenotype of CD133+ renal progenitor cells.
Characterization of a Novel Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Protein from Virus-Infected Helminthosporium (Cochliobolus) victoriae (2010)

A broad-spectrum anti-fungal protein of approximately 10 kDa, designated victoriocin, was purified from culture filtrates of a virus-infected isolate of the plant-pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium victoriae (teleomorph: Cochliobolus victoriae) by a multistep procedure involving ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Amino acid sequences, obtained by automated Edman degradation sequencing of RP-HPLC-purified victoriocin-derived peptides, were used to design primers for degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) amplification from H. victoriae DNA and cDNA templates. An open reading frame coding for a victoriocin precursor of 183 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa was amplified by PCR from H. victoriae genomic DNA but not from the control fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed the presence of the victoriocin gene in all H. victoriae strains tested. Sequence analysis indicated that victoriocin has a sequence motif similar to that found in scorpion short toxin/charybdotoxin and a consensus sequence similar to that found in defensins. Victoriocin, like some other antifungal proteins, including the totivirus-encoded killer proteins, is predicted to be expressed in vivo as a preprotoxin precursor consisting of a hydrophobic N-terminal secretion signal followed by a pro-region and terminating in a classical Kex2p endopeptidase cleavage site that generates the N terminus of the mature victoriocin. A putative cell wall protein of approximately 30 kDa (P30) co-purified with victoriocin from cultural filtrates. The potential role of P30 in the antifungal activity of H. victoriae culture filtrates is discussed.
A holistic survey of multipath wireless video streaming (2023)

Demand for wireless video streaming services increases with users expecting to access high-quality video streaming experiences. Ensuring Quality of Experience (QoE) is quite challenging due to varying bandwidth and time constraints. Since most of today’s mobile devices are equipped with multiple network interfaces, one promising approach is to benefit from multipath communications. Multipathing leads to higher aggregate bandwidth and distributing video traffic over multiple network paths improves stability, seamless connectivity, and QoE. However, most of current transport protocols do not match the requirements of video streaming applications or are not designed to address relevant issues, such as networks heterogeneity, head-of-line blocking, and delay constraints. In this comprehensive survey, we first review video streaming standards and technology developments. We then discuss the benefits and challenges of multipath video transmission over wireless. We provide a holistic literature review of multipath wireless video streaming, shedding light on the different alternatives from an end-to-end layered stack perspective, reviewing key multipath wireless scheduling functions, unveiling trade-offs of each approach, and presenting a suitable taxonomy to classify the state-of-the-art. Finally, we discuss open issues and avenues for future work.
A content-driven access control system (2008)

Protecting identity in the Internet age requires the ability to go beyond the identification of explicitly identifying information like social security numbers, to also find the broadly-held attributes that, when taken together, are identifying. We present a system that can work in conjunction with natural language processing algorithms or user-generated tags, to protect identifying attributes in text. The system uses a new attribute-based encryption protocol to control access to such identifying attributes and thus protects identity. The system supports the definition of user access rights based on role or identity. We extend the existing model of attribute-based encryption to support threshold access rights and provide a heuristic instantiation of revocation.
Novel CMOS image sensor with a 132-dB dynamic range (2002)

A CMOS image sensor providing an ultrawide dynamic range with a piecewise linear response is presented. The active pixel is based on a novel architecture which implements a voltage comparator and an analog memory to detect and store the information on the integration time needed to reach saturation, while also maintaining the standard integrated photo-current signal. A 128/spl times/64 pixel array has been designed and fabricated in 0.35-/spl mu/m, 3.3-V CMOS technology. The chip measures 2.67/spl times/4.90 mm/sup 2/ with a pixel size of 24.65/spl times/24.65 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a fill factor of about 11%. The sensor has been fully characterized and the measured dynamic range turned out to be 132 dB with a power consumption of 14 mW at video frame rate. The sensor features also good noise performance with a temporal noise of 0.2% (1.7%) and a fixed pattern noise of 0.4% (1.5%) at low (high) irradiance.
Technical Support Document: 50% Energy Savings for Quick-Service Restaurants (2010)

Document describing PNNL's project to develop a package of energy efficiency measures that demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a 50% energy savings for quick-service restaurants with a simple payback of 5 years or less.
Impact of local geometrical irregularities on critical currents of REBCO tapes in round cables (2020)

Abstract RE Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-x ( RE —rare earth, Ba—barium, Cu—copper, O—oxygen) tapes used in common multilayer superconducting cables, such as Roebel cable, twisted stacked tape cable or vonductor on round core/tube (CORC ® /CORT), undergo shape modifications during the cable production. In particular, the tapes edges are regularly raised due to the Poisson effect during bending of tapes in the cable assembling process. This kind of deformation amplifies the local strain in subsequent layers, endangering the capability to transport electrical current. We explore such deformation by numerical and analytical calculations validated by experiments. Three-point bending device submerged in liquid nitrogen was developed for this purpose. We found that, if the orientation of Poisson effect deformations is along the tape length, the local strain is reduced and performance of the cable remains unaffected. In contrary, the local deformations at the crossings of tapes from subsequent layers represent a serious threat towards reaching a satisfactory critical current retention.
Inheritance of a Chlorotic Seedling Trait that Affects Zygote Survival in Diploid Alfalfa1 (1975)

Two independent genes were shown to control inheritance of yellow and white seedlings in diploid alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). The dominant allele of the Gc‐gc locus was epistatic to either allele of the Yc‐yc locus and produced normal green seedlings. The gcgc Yc genotypes produced yellow seedlings; the double homozygous recessive (gcgc ycyc) genotype produced white seedlings. All sells and crosses of Gcgc heterozygotes produced families with fewer than expected numbers of chlorotic seedlings. Because normal frequencies of Gcgc heterozygotes were observed among green F 1 plants, we concluded that mortality of the chlorotic genotypes caused the deficiencies. Significant differences in frequency of chlorotic seedlings occurred between several Gcgc YcYc ✕ Gcgc Ycyc crosses. We postulated that the differences were caused by epistatic interaction with partially lethal genes at other loci. This supports the prediction by Busbice that such genes do occur and that they may be responsible for the rapid decline in seed yield observed on inbreeding alfalfa.
Reflections of Cybersecurity Workshop for K-12 Teachers and High School Students (2022)

In this paper, we describe efforts to promote a robust cyber security workforce through a series of online workshops for K-12 teachers and grades 7-12 students. In 2021, we provided virtual workshops to high school teachers and students to increase cyber security awareness in three areas, (i) general cybersecurity issues, (ii) software security, and (iii) hardware security. The workshops employed Google classroom and Jupyter Notebooks, and high school teachers were provided with hardware (Raspberry Pi Zeros) to use as part of the workshops. We describe the design and implementation of the workshops and share evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of the workshops and provide insights for future professional development for teachers. Our central question was: What impact do workshops have on teachers' preparation to effectively teach cybersecurity topics to their students and what do teachers report learning from their experiences in the workshop? We provide insights into workshops' effectiveness for computer science teachers and for STEM teachers who are not computer science teachers.
Facile Preparation of Hydrophobic Colloidal MFI and CHA Crystals and Oriented Ultrathin Films (2018)

We report novel routes for synthesis of defect-free, hydrophobic and monodispersed 10 nm (5 unit cells) thick MFI crystals and 100 nm CHA crystals. The crystals are obtained in high yield and display very high 1-butanol adsorption from aqueous solution. These crystals are assembled in monolayers for the growth of ultrathin and uniformly oriented films with thicknesses of 36 nm and 330 nm, respectively, using a synthesis gel in the form of a powder. This method is very simple and may open up for industrial preparation of materials with improved performances.