gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaching GHz single photon detection rates with HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes detectors (2021)

In the present communication, the characterization results of an in-house developed four-quadrants detection module based on HgCdTe APDs and a Si-CMOS ROIC pre-amplifier is discussed. The module has been designed to be employed as high data rate ground-segment detector for 1.55 μm long-distance free-space optical communication links in the framework of a project funded by the European Space Agency. The detector is characterized by a multiplication gain in excess of M = 150, a ROIC input referred noise of N<sub>e</sub> = 45 electrons rms and a measured bandwidth of BW = 450 MHz. These characteristics enable the linear-mode detection of meso-photonic states ranging from tens of photons per pulse down to the single-photon level at high count rates exceeding 500 MHz per quadrant (and 2 GHz if the signal is dispatched over all four-quadrants). For the present module, the performance for PPM and OOK modulation formats was estimated and its potentiality for long-distance free-space optical communications employing these modulation formats was validated. In particular, for the PPM format, a detection probability of 0.9 and a false alarm probability of 10<sup>-2</sup> , a minimum PPM slot width of 500 ps and a temporal jitter with a FWHM ~ 160 ps were estimated, for an incident photonic state with 10 photons/pulse. The potentiality of the detector for 625 Mbps OOK modulation format was also evaluated and compared with a quantum limited situation. In this case, a -3.9 dB penalty from the quantum limited BER was obtained. A new generation of detectors is currently in development, which is expected to further improve the performance.
Google Flu Trends: Correlation With Emergency Department Influenza Rates and Crowding Metrics (2012)

City-level GFT shows strong correlation with influenza cases and ED ILI visits, validating its use as an ED surveillance tool. GFT correlated with several pediatric ED crowding measures and those for low-acuity adult patients.
Comparisons of the antibody repertoires of a humanized rodent and humans by high throughput sequencing (2020)

The humanization of animal model immune systems by genetic engineering has shown great promise for antibody discovery, tolerance studies and for the evaluation of vaccines. Assessment of the baseline antibody repertoires of unimmunized model animals will be useful as a benchmark for future immunization experiments. We characterized the heavy chain and kappa light chain antibody repertoires of a model animal, the OmniRat, by high throughput antibody sequencing and made use of two novel datasets for comparison to human repertoires. Intra-animal and inter-animal repertoire comparisons reveal a high level of conservation in antibody diversity between the lymph node and spleen and between members of the species. Multiple differences were found in both the heavy and kappa chain repertoires between OmniRats and humans including gene segment usage, CDR3 length distributions, class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation levels and in features of V(D)J recombination. The Inference and Generation of Repertoires (IGoR) software tool was used to model recombination in VH regions which allowed for the quantification of some of these differences. Diversity estimates of the OmniRat heavy chain repertoires almost reached that of humans, around two orders of magnitude less. Despite variation between the species repertoires, a high frequency of OmniRat clonotypes were also found in the human repertoire. These data give insights into the development and selection of humanized animal antibodies and provide actionable information for use in vaccine studies.
Appendix.pdf from Personalized Antibodies for Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (PANGEA): A Phase II Study Evaluating an Individualized Treatment Strategy for Metastatic Disease (2023)

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Types of Movable Bridges (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Modern Types Odd Types of Movable Bridges Earlier Types of Movable Bridges
Gestión de la Identidad Corporativa aplicada a la creación de herramientas de producción de materiales multimedia: un modelo teórico Corporative Identity Management Applied to creation of Production Tools of Multimedia Materials: A theoretical Model (2012)

Nowadays the communication is determining a different set of interactive norms. Side by side, it is the risk of the lack of comprehension of the product mage, which represents the business intention. Within this context, the all customers play the prevailing role. The goal of this paper is to present a theoretical model used in the development of the production techniques of multimedia material.
A Memetic Algorithm for OSPF Routing (2002)

this paper, we extend the GA by adding to it a local improvement procedure, resulting in a memetic algorithm (MA). We compare the MA with an optimized version of the GA and show that the MA not only finds better solutions, but also converges to a given solution in less time
Cytoplasmic localization is required for the mammalian ELAV‐like protein HuD to induce neuronal differentiation (1999)

Our results suggest the presence of a novel NES in neurone-specific Hu proteins and the importance of their cytoplasmic localization, through nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, for the initiation of neuronal differentiation.
Embarking on Information Systems' Voyage to Self-Discovery: Identifying the Core of the Discipline (2003)

In an academically competitive environment where other disciplines research IS-related phenomena, survival of the IS field hinges upon its ability to distinguish itself and provide insights that other disciplines are not poised to provide. We have survived as a distinctive field partly because of our superior understanding and knowledge of information systems, and because we are often the first at the scene for a new information technology. Problems, however, are not waiting for IS to solve them exclusively. Other disciplines can step in and unravel them if we donât. Discerning the core that defines the IS field, clarifying what makes the IS field unique, isolating the phenomena in which we have a competitive advantage vis-aÌ-vis other disciplines, and identifying the areas where our understanding of a phenomenon is far superior to that of other disciplines would enhance the long-term viability and visibility of the IS discipline. The panelists explore various methods of identifying the core IS constructs and relationships that define their foundation of a theory of IS, argue why their starting point is an appropriate foundation for a theory of IS, discuss the next steps in elaboration of their theory,and identify critical studies to falsify or support their emerging theory.
On the fundamental design gap in terabit per second packet switching (2003)

We discuss the gap we experience in an industrial design path of high-speed packet switches. As bandwidth demand exceeds progress in CMOS technology, system architects are forced to abandon familiar design solutions and make fundamental changes to their architectures at an increasingly faster pace. We investigate design methods to decrease the risk of such changes and to provide a structured and confident transition from conceptual system-level models to hardware descriptions. It appears that the design gap is caused by differences between language primitives and underlying concepts of system-level design languages and hardware description languages. We substantiate the need for expressive system-level modeling concepts and show that the gap is actually caused by a fundamental interpretation mismatch between models and descriptions. Based on a comparison of existing system-level synthesis methods with the interpretation gap, we propose to decrease the gap by using modeling patterns.
Improving manufacturability of an rf graded channel CMOS process for wireless applications (1998)

Motorola's Graded Channel CMOS (GCMOS) provides a low cost and highly integrated solution for mixed-mode and RF applications. The GCMOS transistor has demonstrated performance advantages over standard CMOS processes with the same physical gate length. The graded channel, fabricated using lateral diffusion, provides a deep submicron Leff even with a gate length of 0.6 micrometer. The technology is constructed using a process that is fully compatible with standard CMOS manufacturing. However, in order to assure adequate threshold control, the lateral diffusions must be well-behaved. This means that both the channel implant and the source/drain implant must be truly self-aligned, requiring good control of the implants as well as the gate electrode profile. For aggressively designed GCMOS devices, small deviations of the implant beam from normal incidence can lead to unacceptable shifts in threshold. The sources of such error, and current industry standard machine tolerances for each, are discussed. Strategies for ensuring adequate control include a regimen of in-line process monitors, approximate error cancellation of the channel and source/drain implants, and the use of quadrature implants. By using these strategies a manufacturable process has been achieved.
Dense RGB-D-inertial SLAM with map deformations (2017)

While dense visual SLAM methods are capable of estimating dense reconstructions of the environment, they suffer from a lack of robustness in their tracking step, especially when the optimisation is poorly initialised. Sparse visual SLAM systems have attained high levels of accuracy and robustness through the inclusion of inertial measurements in a tightly-coupled fusion. Inspired by this performance, we propose the first tightly-coupled dense RGB-D-inertial SLAM system. Our system has real-time capability while running on a GPU. It jointly optimises for the camera pose, velocity, IMU biases and gravity direction while building up a globally consistent, fully dense surfel-based 3D reconstruction of the environment. Through a series of experiments on both synthetic and real world datasets, we show that our dense visual-inertial SLAM system is more robust to fast motions and periods of low texture and low geometric variation than a related RGB-D-only SLAM system.
Heliothis zea Nudivirus 1 Gene hhi1 Induces Apoptosis Which Is Blocked by the Hz-iap2 Gene and a Noncoding Gene, pag1 (2011)

Heliothis zea nudivirus 1 (HzNV-1 or Hz-1 virus), previously regarded as a nonoccluded baculovirus, recently has been placed in the Nudivirus genus. This virus generates HzNV-1 HindIII-I 1 (hhi1) and many other transcripts during productive viral infection; during latent viral infection, however, persistency-associated gene 1 (pag1) is the only gene expressed. In this report, we used transient expression assays to show that hhi1 can trigger strong apoptosis in transfected cells, which can be blocked, at least partially, by the inhibitor of apoptosis genes Autographa californica iap2 (Ac-iap2) and H. zea iap2 (Hz-iap2). In addition to these two genes, unexpectedly, pag1, which encodes a noncoding RNA with no detectable protein product, was found to efficiently suppress hhi1-induced apoptosis. The assay of pro-Sf-caspase-1 processing by hhi1 transfection did not detect the small P12 subunit at any of the time intervals tested, suggesting that hhi1 of HzNV-1 induces apoptosis through alternative caspase pathways.
A New Preparation of 7-methylindanone (1972)

Abstract In connection with other studies, we found it necessary to prepare 7-methylindanone, II. The literature records1,2 two preparations of II, neither of which is completely satisfactory since each yields a mixture of 7-methyl- and 5-methylindanone. Both procedures involve cyclizaton of m-tolylpropionic acid or its chloride. Acrylophenones are known to cyclize to indanones under acidic conditions3 and this type of reaction was investigated as a better method for the preparation of 7-methylindanone [Reaction (1)].
Conductive metal–organic framework nanowire arrays for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution (2019)

Conductive metal–organic framework nanowire arrays with Fe doping demonstrate self-adaptable structure adjustment for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.
Iontronics of Conjugated Polymers : by looking back on the history of lontronics (2011)

Iontronics deals with the phenomena and devices that involve the flow of both electrons and ions. This article is ag ood place to take abi g picture look at where the field has been and where ti is going. Iontronics could be dated back to as early as the discovery of electricity in the 18th century. This article devoted exclusively to the iontronics in organic electronic materials, therefore seems timely. Iwi ll provide merely my personal view on what occurred in the past that shaped the field as it is today. The field is intertwined with so many other fields that a complete review of its history and all the important discoveries is almost impossible. Therefore, in the convenience of space, I introduce the morphological control of polypyrrole (PPy) based on electrolysis technique.
A Multiple Kerr-Cell Camera (1950)

The need for new ultra-high speed photographic techniques in studies of brief transient phenomena has led to the development of a multiple Kerr-cell camera designed to take a sequence of three photographs at submicrosecond exposure times. This camera uses shutters of the electro-optical type utilizing the Kerr effect in nitrobenzene. Pulsing networks for the Kerr cells and synchronizing networks for the entire system are described. The system has shown itself to be capable of high shutter speed, high sequence rate, and very good stability of timing. With this camera, studies of electrical discharages at effective exposure times of 0.04 microsecond and framing rates corresponding to 40,000,000 frames per second have routinely been made. It is felt that cameras of this type are valuable research tools that will help open the way for further important studies.
La période charnière entre Pliocène et Quaternaire (1979)

Résumé. - Les formations géologiques et les modelés attribués à la charnière plio-quaternaire sont distincts de ceux du Quaternaire. Cette période charnière se caractérise par des changements climatiques et des mouvements orogéniques préfigurant l'essentiel des paysages actuels.
An Iridoid Glucoside from Euphrasia pectinata (2000)

A new iridoid glucoside, 5beta,6beta-dihydroxyboschnaloside (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Euphrasia pectinata. Five known iridoid glucosides, 6beta-hydroxyboschnaloside (2), aucubin, euphroside, plantarenaloside, and geniposidic acid, and two known phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (= acteoside) and leucosceptoside A, were also obtained and characterized. The structure of compound 1 was established by spectroscopic evidence.
Scalable near identical image and shot detection (2007)

This paper proposes and compares two novel schemes for near duplicate image and video-shot detection. The first approach is based on global hierarchical colour histograms, using Locality Sensitive Hashing for fast retrieval. The second approach uses local feature descriptors (SIFT) and for retrieval exploits techniques used in the information retrieval community to compute approximate set intersections between documents using a min-Hash algorithm.
New insights into the dynamic development of the cerebral cortex in childhood and adolescence: Integrating macro- and microstructural MRI findings (2021)

Through dynamic transactional processes between genetic and environmental factors, childhood and adolescence involve reorganization and optimization of the cerebral cortex. The cortex and its development plays a crucial role for prototypical human cognitive abilities. At the same time, many common mental disorders appear during these critical phases of neurodevelopment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can indirectly capture several multifaceted changes of cortical macro- and microstructure, of high relevance to further our understanding of the neural foundation of cognition and mental health. Great progress has been made recently in mapping the typical development of cortical morphology. Moreover, newer less explored MRI signal intensity and specialized quantitative T2 measures have been applied to assess microstructural cortical development. We review recent findings of typical postnatal macro- and microstructural development of the cerebral cortex from early childhood to young adulthood. We cover studies of cortical volume, thickness, area, gyrification, T1-weighted (T1w) tissue contrasts such a grey/white matter contrast, T1w/T2w ratio, magnetization transfer and myelin water fraction. Finally, we integrate imaging studies with cortical gene expression findings to further our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of the developmental changes, bridging the gap between ex vivo histological- and in vivo MRI studies.
Multiple regression estimation for motion analysis and segmentation (2005)

This paper describes multiple model estimation for motion analysis and segmentation (aka spatial partitioning), from point correspondences in two successive images. In motion analysis applications, available (training) data is generated by several unknown models (motions). However, the correspondence between data samples and different models (motions) is unknown. Hence, the goal of learning (motion estimation) is two-fold, i.e. estimation (learning) of unknown motions (models) and separation (segmentation) of available data into several subsets corresponding to different motions. We present the mathematical formulation for multiple motion estimation, as a problem of learning several (regression) mappings, from a single data set, and then show a constructive (SVM-based) learning algorithm developed for this setting. Experimental results show potential advantages of the proposed method.
Single chamber fuel cells: Flow geometry, rate and composition considerations (2003)

Four different single chamber fuel cell designs were compared using propane-air gas mixtures.Gas flow around the electrodes has a significant influence on the open circuit voltage and the power density of the cell.The strong influence of flow geometry is likely due to its effect on gas composition, particularly on the oxygen chemical potential at the two electrodes as a result of gas mixing.The chamber design which exposes the cathode first to the inlet gas was found to yield the best performance at lower flow rates, while the open tube design with the electrodes equally exposed to the inlet gas worked best at higher flow rates.
Regioselectivity of the Claisen Rearrangement in meta‐Allyloxy Aryl Ketones: An Experimental and Computational Study, and Application in the Synthesis of (R)‐(−)‐Pestalotheol D (2011)

A study of the regioselectivity of the Claisen rearrangement of meta-allyloxy aryl ketones showed that the electron-withdrawing carbonyl group has a major influence and strongly directs rearrangement to the more hindered ortho position. However, when the ketone is part of a ring structure, its electronic effect can be negated by conversion into its triisopropylsilyl enol ether, which dramatically reverses the regiochemistry of the Claisen rearrangement. DFT calculations suggest that the effect is electronic although there is also a steric effect of the bulky silyl group. This strategy for influencing the regiochemical outcome of the Claisen rearrangement was then employed in a short synthesis of the furo[2,3-g]chromene, (-)-pestalotheol D, that confirms the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product.
Development of finite element model for embedded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer rod in reinforced concrete frame joints (2020)

The stiffness and strength of joints are the main factors in providing stability and ductility of a structure during dynamic load such as earthquake. In the high-humidity areas, the reinforcement is exposed to corrosion, which commonly occurs in the joints, due to the presence of micro-cracks in the joints, shrinkage or other concrete casting issues. Therefore, one of the main failure mechanisms of building during an earthquake is caused by damage in the joints in humid areas. This is mainly caused by corroded steel reinforcement, which reduces functionality of the frame joints in transferring the loads. This study proposes a new design for reinforced beam–column joints with embedded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer rods, which possesses extremely high strength and resistance against corrosion and high stiffness. The finite element model for embedded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer in the joints was developed in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed joints during earthquake execution. The developed program was verified through an experimental test on reinforced concrete frame subjected to vibration using dynamic actuator. The finite element program was implemented for one-story reinforced concrete frame and two-story frame building with proposed joints and seismic analysis. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of the frames reinforced with embedded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer in joints in terms of lateral load resistance capacity and failure mechanism.
A spatial similarity of stereochemical environments formed by amino acid residues defines a common epitope of two non-homologous proteins (2019)

It is critical for development of high-quality antibodies in research and diagnostics to predict accurately their cross-reactivities with "off-target" molecules, which potentially induce false results. Herein, we report a good example of such a cross-reactivity for an off-target due to a stereochemical environment of epitopes, which does not simply depend on amino acid sequences. We found that significant subpopulation of a polyclonal peptide antibody against Bcnt (Bucentaur) (anti-BCNT-C antibody) cross-reacted with a completely different protein, glutamine synthetase (GS), and identified four amino acids, GYFE, in its C-terminal region as the core amino acids for the cross-reaction. Consistent with this finding, the anti-BCNT-C antibody strongly recognized endogenously and exogenously expressed GS in tissues and cultured cells by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we elucidated that the cross-reaction is caused by a spatial similarity between the stereochemical environments formed by amino acid residues, including the GYFE of GS and the GYIE of Bcnt, rather than by their primary sequences. These results suggest it is critical to comprehensively analyze antibody interactions with target molecules including off-targets with special attention to the physicochemical environments of epitope-paratope interfaces to decrease the risk of false interpretations of results using antibodies in science and clinical applications.