gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central action of 9-methyl-7-bromoeudistomin D (MBED), a derivativeof eudostomin D isolated from Eudistoma olivaceum (1998)

The behavioral responses of mice following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 9-methyl-7-bromoeudistomin D (MBED) were studied. Head-twitches were produced 20-90 min after the injection of 2, 20 and 200 nmol/mouse but such twitches were not significantly induced by caffeine (1000 nmol/mouse). The locomotor activity, as assessed by the Animex autometer, increased 0-120 min after the injection with doses of 2, 20 and 200 nmol/mouse, whereas a large dose of caffeine (500 nmol/mouse also increased the activity counts. Simultaneous injection of picrotoxin (3 mg/kg, s.c.) and MBED (50, 100 and 200 nmol/mouse) produced clonic and tonic extensive convulsions, but caffeine (1000 nmol/mouse) in combination with picrotoxin did not cause any type of convulsion.
Optically powered optical interconnect (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. LIU, J. J. JOHNSON, D. C. W. LO, and S. R. FORREST, "Optically powered optical interconnect," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper TUD2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE HEMATOPORPHYRIN‐SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF 1,3‐DIPHENYLISOBENZOFURAN IN ETHANOL and UNILAMELLAR LIPOSOMES (1991)

The 5 microM hematoporphyrin-sensitized photooxidation of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) was studied in homogeneous ethanolic solutions and in aqueous dispersions of unilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; both the porphyrin and DPBF are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. The rate and quantum yield of DPBF photooxidation were found to increase upon increasing the substrate concentration and were higher in the liposome system, while they were unaffected by the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements showed that the photooxidation of DPBF in ethanol solution proceeds by a type II O2(1 delta g)-involving mechanism. In the liposomal vesicles the high local concentration of hematoporphyrin (Hp) and DPBF in the phospholipid bilayer (ca 2000-fold higher than the stoichiometric concentration) enhances the probability of energy transfer from triplet Hp to DPBF with generation of triplet DPBF; hence O2 (1 delta g) formation can be promoted by both triplet Hp and triplet DPBF. A minor fraction of triplet DPBF quenchings appears to generate radical species which propagate DPBF damage by chain reaction.
Determinants of strand register in antiparallel β‐sheets of proteins (1998)

Antiparallel beta-sheets present two distinct environments to inter-strand residue pairs: beta(A,HB) sites have two backbone hydrogen bonds; whereas at beta(A,NHB) positions backbone hydrogen bonding is precluded. We used statistical methods to compare the frequencies of amino acid pairs at each site. Only approximately 10% of the 210 possible pairs showed occupancies that differed significantly between the two sites. Trends were clear in the preferred pairs, and these could be explained using stereochemical arguments. Cys-Cys, Aromatic-Pro, Thr-Thr, and Val-Val pairs all preferred the beta(A,NHB) site. In each case, the residues usually adopted sterically favored chi1 conformations, which facilitated intra-pair interactions: Cys-Cys pairs formed disulfide bonds; Thr-Thr pairs made hydrogen bonds; Aromatic-Pro and Val-Val pairs formed close van der Waals contacts. In contrast, to make intimate interactions at a beta(A,HB) site, one or both residues had to adopt less favored chi1 geometries. Nonetheless, pairs containing glycine and/or aromatic residues were favored at this site. Where glycine and aromatic side chains combined, the aromatic residue usually adopted the gauche conformation, which promoted novel aromatic ring-peptide interactions. This work provides rules that link protein sequence and tertiary structure, which will be useful in protein modeling, redesign, and de novo design. Our findings are discussed in light of previous analyses and experimental studies.
On the Simplification of Flexible Arm Dynamics and Their Solutions to the Inverse Dynamic Problem (1989)

Inverse dynamics of n-joint planar flexible arms are investigated through the modeling, linearization and characterization of dynamic behavior. The inverse dynamic problem of the flexible arm is analyzed based on the simplified model. An efficient algorithm for computing the actuator torques that satisfy the simplified model exactly is then presented and applied to a two-link arm problem.
Rainbow crow (2017)

Inspired by a Native American myth, "Rainbow Crow" explores themes of self-discovery and sacrifice. In a forest that is perpetually spring-like, the animals are happy and carefree. But when winter descends for the first time ever, their lives are suddenly in grave danger and only Rainbow Crow can save them.
Fine relocation, mechanism, and tectonic indications of middle-small earthquakes in the Central Tibetan Plateau (2018)

The medium-small earthquakes that occurred in the middle part of Tibetan Plateau (32°N–36°N, 90°E–93°E) from August 2016 to June 2017 were relocated using the absolute earthquake location method Hypo2000. Compared to the reports of Chinese Seismological Networks, our relocation results are more clustered on the whole, the horizontal location differences exceed 10 km, and the focal depths are concentrated in 0–8 km, which indicates that the upper crust inside the Tibetan Plateau is tectonically active. In June 2017 altogether eight earthquakes above magnitude 3.0 took place; their relocated epicenters are concentrated around Gêladaindong. The relocation results of <italic>M</italic>&lt;3.0 small earthquakes also showed obvious differences. Therefore, we used the CAP method to invert for the focal mechanisms of the<italic>M</italic> ≥3.0 earthquakes; results generally tally with the surface geological structures, indicating that the Tibetan Plateau is still under the strong compressional force from the India Plate. Among them the eight earthquakes that occurred near Gêladaindong in June 2017 are all of normal fault type or with some strike-slip at the same time; based on previous research results we conjecture that these events are intense shallow crust responses to deep crust-mantle activities.
Effects of ischemic post‐conditioning on neuronal VEGF regulation and microglial polarization in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia (2018)

Ischemic postconditioning is increasingly being investigated as a therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia. However, the majority of studies are focused on the acute protection of neurons per se. Whether and how postconditioning affects multiple cells in the recovering neurovascular unit remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we asked whether postconditioning may modulate help-me signaling between injured neurons and reactive microglia. Rats were subjected to 100 min of focal cerebral ischemia, then randomized into a control versus postconditioning group. After 3 days of reperfusion, infarct volumes were significantly reduced in animals treated with postconditioning, along with better neurologic outcomes. Immunostaining revealed that ischemic postconditioning increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons within peri-infarct regions. Correspondingly, we confirmed that VEGFR2 was expressed on Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages, and confocal microscopy showed that in postconditioned rats, these cells were polarized to a ramified morphology with higher expression of M2-like markers. Treating rats with a VEGF receptor 2 kinase inhibitor negated these effects of postconditioning on microglia/macrophage polarization. In vitro, postconditoning after oxygen-glucose deprivation up-regulated VEGF release in primary neuron cultures, and adding VEGF to microglial cultures partly shifted their M2-like markers. Altogether, our findings support the idea that after postconditioning, injured neurons may release VEGF as a 'help-me' signal that promotes microglia/macrophage polarization into potentially beneficial phenotypes.
Congestion-Aware Logic Synthesis (2002)

In this era of Deep Sub-Micron (DSM) technologies, the impact of interconnects is becoming increasingly important as it relates to integrated circuit (IC) functionality and performance. In the traditional top-down IC design flow, interconnect effects are first taken into account during logic synthesis by way of wireload models. However, for technologies of 0.25 /spl mu/m and below, the wiring capacitance dominates the gate capacitance and the delay estimation based on fanout and design legacy statistics can be highly inaccurate. In addition, logic block size is no longer dictated solely by total cell area, and is often limited by wiring area resources. For these reasons, wiring congestion is an extremely important design factor, and should be taken into consideration at the earliest possible stages of the design flow. In this paper we propose a novel methodology to incorporate congestion minimization within logic synthesis, and present results for industrial circuits that validate our approach.
<title>Video coding using embedded wavelet packet transform and motion compensation</title> (1996)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid video coder using the wavelet packet transform and motion compensation. To reduce the computational complexity of the wavelet packet decomposition, a novel criterion based on the rate- distortion function is proposed. After the wavelet packet transform, the successive quantization scheme and the adaptive arithmetic coder are applied for lossy wavelet coefficient compression. Extensive experiments have been carried to compare the embedded wavelet packet coder with the MPEG standard and the embedded pyramid wavelet coder. The proposed wavelet packet transform method has the best performance in terms of both visual quality and PSNR measurement.
Comparison of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Molecular Weights and Homologies of Plasmids Conferring Linked Resistance to Streptomycin and Sulfonamides (1974)

Bacterial strains showing linked resistance to streptomycin (Sm) and sulfonamides (Su) were chosen representing a wide taxonomic and geographical range. Their SmSu resistances were transferred to Escherichia coli K-12 and then plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated by ethidium bromide CsCl centrifugation. The plasmid DNA was examined by electron microscopy and analyzed by sedimentation through 5 to 20% neutral sucrose gradients. Plasmid DNA from strains having transmissible SmSu resistance consisted of two or three molecular species, one of which had a molecular mass of about 5.7 Mdal (10(6) daltons), the others varying between 20 to 60 Mdal. By using transformation or F' mobilization, we isolated the SmSu-resistance determinant from any fellow resident plasmids in each strain and again isolated the plasmid DNA. Cosedimentation of each of these with a differently labeled reference plasmid DNA (R300B) showed 9 out of 12 of the plasmids to have a molecular mass not significantly different from the reference (5.7 Mdal); two others were 6.3 and 9.2 Mdal, but PB165 consisted of three plasmids of 7.4, 14.7, and 21.4 Mdal. Three separate isolations of the SmSu determinant from PB165 gave the same three plasmids, which we conclude may be monomer, dimer, and trimer, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridizations at 75 C demonstrated 80 to 93% homology between reference R300B DNA and each isolated SmSu plasmid DNA, except for the 9.2-Mdal plasmid which had 45% homology and PB165 which had 35%. All the SmSu plasmids were present as multiple copies (about 10) per chromosome. The conjugative plasmid of R300 (present as 1.3 copies per chromosome) has been shown to have negligible effect on the number of copies of its accompanying SmSu plasmid R300B. We conclude that the SmSu plasmids are closely related and probably have a common evolutionary origin.
Development of Optimum Size Control in H-Shapes Rolling (1993)

In conventional H-shapes, the inner dimensions are fixed because the roll dimensions cannot be varied during rolling.However, from the viewpoint of economy and on-site productivity in construction work, rolled H-shapes with fixed outer dimensions(web depth, flange width)have been strongly required. Newly developed hot rolling techniques make it possible to produce such H-shapes with quality equal to that of welded H-shapes.Using an experimental model mill, it was found that a web width reducing method using a universal mill can produce a constant web depth with different flange thicknesses. At the same time, it is possible to prevent web buckling, web off-center, and nonunifomity of the web thickness, which have been the main problems in web width reduction. It was also found through model rolling experiments that grooveless edger rolling is effective in controlling the flange width. Using these techniques, it is possible to manufacture H-shapes with substantially more accurate fixed outer dimensions than those produced by conventional rolling.
Impact of small residual setup errors after image guidance on heart dose and survival in non-small cell lung cancer treated with curative-intent radiotherapy (2020)

This study suggests the relation between residual set-up errors and survival is explained by changes in cardiac dose, and identifies an area at the heart base where dose is correlated with survival. Our results suggest the dose threshold for cardiac damage is between 16.2 and 23.4 Gy in the base of the heart, which was validated in an independent cohort. However, the dose effect in other regions of the heart should also be investigated.
The effect of chronic degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx on atherosclerosis progression in ApoE knockout mice (2008)

The protective barrier between flowing blood and the vessel wall is formed by endothelial glycocalyx. We investigated the effect of chronic damage to glycocalyx through enzymatic degradation of its major component hyaluronan on atherosclerosis progression. Male ApoE‐KO mice (14 wks) received 10 U/hr of active or inactivated hyaluronidase intravenously via an osmotic minipump for 4 wks, after being on a Western diet for 6 wks. Systemic glycocalyx volume (Vg) was estimated by tracer dilution techniques using labeled erythrocytes and 40kDa dextran. We are evaluating atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root and arch. ApoE‐KO tolerated chronic infusion with hyaluronidase well. Within 4 wks Vg was reduced to 9.1 ± 8.9 ml/kg (n=11) as compared to Vg before infusion of 16.0 ± 4.8 ml/kg (n=12, p=0.03) and inactive hyaluronidase infusion of 12.1 ± 5.3 ml/kg (n=6, ns). Diet for 6 wks resulted in fatty streak formation within the aortic root (lesion area 0.5 ± 0.0 mm 2 ). Infusion of hyaluronidase resulted in advanced lesions (area 1.3 ± 0.2 mm 2 ) with intimal thickening, cholesterol accumulation and necrotic cores. These preliminary results suggest a possible association between reduced glycocalyx and atherogenic acceleration. Supported by NHF 2005T037 to H. Vink and 2006B08 to E. Stroes
The Use of Fluorescence Polarization Assays for the Detection of Infectious Diseases (2003)

Fluorescence Polarization Assays (FPAs) have been shown to have great utility in the detection of infectious diseases. Examples are presented of the use of O-polysaccharides (OPSs) for the detection of antibodies in serum, whole milk and whole blood to gram negative organisms (Brucella spp., Salmonella spp.). The use of proteins and peptides are also described for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis and Equine Infectious Anemia Virus. Fluorescence Polarization Inhibition Assays (FPIAs) are discussed for the specific and sensitive detection and quantitation of Salmonella spp. cells from culture. An example of the detection of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHECS) by Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA), coupled with FP, down to the single cell level, within thirty minutes, is described.
IL-13/IL-4 signaling contributes to fibrotic progression of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (2022)

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a disease associated with high unmet medical needs because allogeneic stem cell transplantation is not an option for most patients, and JAK inhibitors are generally effective for only 2 to 3 years and do not delay disease progression. MF is characterized by dysplastic megakaryocytic hyperplasia and progression to fulminant disease, which is associated with progressively increasing marrow fibrosis. Despite evidence that the inflammatory milieu in MF contributes to disease progression, the specific factors that promote megakaryocyte growth are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed changes in the cytokine profiles of MF mouse models before and after the development of fibrosis, coupled with the analysis of bone marrow populations using single-cell RNA sequencing. We found high interleukin 13 (IL-13) levels in the bone marrow of MF mice. IL-13 promoted the growth of mutant megakaryocytes and induced surface expression of transforming growth factor β and collagen biosynthesis. Similarly, analysis of samples from patients with MF revealed elevated levels of IL-13 in the plasma and increased IL-13 receptor expression in marrow megakaryocytes. In vivo, IL-13 overexpression promoted disease progression, whereas reducing IL-13/IL-4 signaling reduced several features of the disease, including fibrosis. Finally, we observed an increase in the number of marrow T cells and mast cells, which are known sources of IL-13. Together, our data demonstrate that IL-13 is involved in disease progression in MF and that inhibition of the IL-13/IL-4 signaling pathway might serve as a novel therapeutic target to treat MF.
Accelerating SeisSol by Generating Vectorized Code for Sparse Matrix Operators (2014)

SeisSol is a software package for the simulation of seismic wave phenomena on unstructured grids, based on the discontinuous Galerkin method combined with ADER time discretization. A recent study shows that the intra-element performance of SeisSol is critical for its overall performance. Most of the element matrices are sparse operators implemented employing a standard sparse matrix storage scheme. Since their sparsity patterns are known a-priori we follow a different approach in this work. Here, we execute an enriched offline and initialization phase which is used to generate hardware-aware code, featuring optimal vectorization and removing indirect memory accesses by eliminating the index arrays and hard-wiring them into the code. Due to these optimizations we are able to run intra-element sparse matrix operations at up to 50% of achievable peak performance of an Intel Sandy Bridge core which results in speeding up SeisSol by a factor of more than 2.1 compared to the original implementation.
Prospects for low-cost mechanically deployed optical and infrared spacecraft instruments (1997)

Recent technological developments in the micromechanics of deployed structures has lead to the potential for low-cost deployment of large reflectors and trusses for orbiting telescopes and interferometers. This paper reviews these results and examines their implications for the system design of future space science and Earth observing systems. It is shown that the micromechanics of such structures can be used to passively position and stabilize their geometry to within approximately a micron of precision. The implication is that it may be possible to deploy infrared diffraction limited optics without the need for adaptive adjustment.
Phase slips dynamics in gated Ti and V all-metallic supercurrent nano-transistors (2021)

Abstract The effect of electrostatic gating on metallic elemental superconductors was recently demonstrated in terms of modulation of the switching current and control of the current phase relation in superconducting quantum interferometers. The latter suggests the existence of a direct connection between the macroscopic quantum phase ( φ ) in a superconductor and the applied gate voltage. The measurement of the switching current cumulative probability distributions is a convenient and powerful tool to analyze such relation. In particular, the comparison between the conventional Kurkijärvi–Fulton–Dunkleberger model and the gate-driven distributions give useful insights into the microscopic origin of the gating effect. In this paper, we summarize the main results obtained in the analysis of the phase slip events in elemental gated superconducting weak-links in a wide range of temperatures between 20 mK and 3.5 K. Such a large temperature range demonstrates both that the gating effect is robust as the temperature increases, and that fluctuations induced by the electric field are not negligible in a wide temperature range.
Processed-based fire models: New tools for an era of novel conditions (2020)

The first few years of the 21st century brought a series of unprecedented natural disturbances to the southwestern U.S. A severe drought, later tagged as a “global change type drought,” triggered the mortality of 1,000 of native trees. For some species, such as the ponderosa pine, the drought was especially lethal due to high tree densities which were the outcome, in part, of the impacts of past management practices. Already crowded, and competing for water, the drought further weakened the pine trees, making them more susceptible to mortality due to several species of bark beetles that feed on the cambium and in doing so kill them. Entire hillsides were covered with dead and dying trees as the result of the bark beetles, raising concerns that forests would be susceptible to severe wildfires. There was already evidence that fire seasons were starting earlier and lasting longer, and both Arizona and New Mexico experienced their largest fires in recorded history between 2000 and 2015. This unprecedented series of events highlighted the need for better tools to understand and predict fire behaviour under novel conditions.
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Enzyme-Catalyzed Conversion of Polyphenolic Glycosides in Onion Waste (2005)

Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Enzyme-Catalyzed Conversion of Polyphenolic Glycosides in Onion Waste
Mechanism of water augmentation during IR laser ablation of dental enamel (2002)

We postulate that condensed mineral phases from the plume are deposited along the crater walls after repetitive laser pulses and such non-apatitic phases interfere with subsequent laser pulses during IR laser irradiation reducing the rate and efficiency of ablation. The ablative recoil associated with the displacement and vaporization of the applied water layer removes such loosely adherent phases maintaining efficient ablation during multiple pulse irradiation.
Language Activities of the Brain During the Recovery Phase of Aphasia Measured with Optical Topography (2007)

The aim of this study is to observe the mechanism of functional recovery of the brain after aphasia by means of optical topography. 13 patients in the recovery phase of aphasia were enrolled in this study. All showed aphasia after strokes on their left frontal lobes. We used 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Optical probes were placed on the frontoparietal area. Word generation task was used with five-trial-averaging. About 30% of cases showed activities in the right frontal area. 30% showed activations in the left hemisphere surrounding the Broca's area. 7 cases were followed up for several times. 4 cases showed the shift of activities from the right to the left hemisphere within 2 years. Our results strongly suggest the participation of the right language area in the recovery of aphasia.
Die Wirkung von Hyoscinbutylbromid (Buscopan®) auf cholinerge Signalwege im Humandarm (2012)

Einleitung: Hyoscinbutylbromid (HBB, Buscopan®) ist ein Spasmolytikum zur Behandlung abdominaler Schmerzen, vermutlich auf Grund der in Tiermodelle auftretenden anti-muskarinerge Wirkung. Studien in Zelllinien lassen vermuten, dass HBB auch über nikotinerge Rezeptoren wirken könnte.