gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Concentrations and Aquatic Toxicity Data on Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) (1992)

The insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) is commonly used in various mid-Atlantic states for suppression of gypsy moths in hardwood forests. DFB is potentially toxic to nontarget biota because it can enter aquatic systems through aerial application or runoff after precipitation events. Based on this concern, the objectives of this study were to: (1) compile, review, and synthesize literature on the fate, persistence, and environmental concentrations of DFB in both freshwater and saltwater environments; (2) compile, review, and synthesize acute and chronic aquatic toxicity data on DFB effects on freshwater and saltwater organisms; (3) assess possible risk to aquatic biota associated with the use of this insecticide in one specific area (Maryland); and (4) recommend future research based on the data gaps identified from this study. DFB has low solubility in water and exists as a technical grade (TG) and wettable powder (WP) formulation. The toxicity of both formulations is similar at concentrations less than 10 micrograms/l. Organic matter is a major factor influencing the adsorption and degradation of DFB in freshwater, saltwater, and sediment. The half-life of this insecticide in freshwater is approximately 3 days at a pH of 10 and temperature of 36 degrees C. At lower pH conditions of 6 and at the same temperature, DFB is more persistent since half-life values of approximately 9 days have been reported. The half-life of DFB in soil is less than 14 days when the particle size was approximately 2 microns. The half-life is generally greater in cool, dry soil than in hot, wet soil. Aquatic vegetation acts as a sink for DFB by gradually adsorbing the chemical and releasing it over a period of time. Freshwater organisms demonstrated a wide range of sensitivity to DFB. Sensitivity was dependent on body composition (i.e., exo- vs. endoskeleton), trophic level, and life stage. During acute exposures, aquatic invertebrates were more than 25,000 times as sensitive to DFB than fishes. The most acutely sensitive species tested was the Amphipod, Hyallela azteca (96-h LC50 = 1.84 micrograms/l). A mature Plecopteran, Skwala sp., was the most resistant invertebrate species tested in acute tests (96-h LC50 greater than 100,000 micrograms/l). In chronic tests, DFB concentrations of 1 microgram/l or greater were reported to eliminate populations of various Plecopteran (stoneflies) and Ephemeropteran (mayflies) species after 1 month of exposure. A 30-day LC50 of 0.1 micrograms/l DFB was also reported for the Tricopteran, Clistorinia magnifica.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Electrochemical Considerations for Determining Absolute Frontier Orbital Energy Levels of Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cell Applications (2011)

Narrow bandgap conjugated polymers in combination with fullerene acceptors are under intense investigation in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The open circuit voltage, and thereby the power conversion efficiency, of the devices is related to the offset of the frontier orbital energy levels of the donor and acceptor components, which are widely determined by cyclic voltammetry. Inconsistencies have appeared in the use of the ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc + /Fc) redox couple, as well as the values used for the absolute potentials of standard electrodes, which can complicate the comparison of materials properties and determination of structure/property relationships.
Detection of Promoter Hypermethylation of Multiple Genes in the Tumor and Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Patients with Lung Cancer (2004)

Our findings suggest that promoter hypermethylation in BAL can be detected in the majority of lung cancer patients. This approach needs to be evaluated in large early detection and surveillance studies of lung cancer.
[Tilidine/naloxon retard in long-term administration in chronic pain and multimorbidity. Multicenter study of long-term tolerance and effectiveness in 2 years observation]. (2002)

Tilidine/Naloxone is an effective and safe analgesic (WHO II) suitable for the longterm treatment of patients with chronic pain.
Design of search balls with wide field of view for searching inside of rubble (2005)

"Search balls" are small sensor units for searching inside of rubble. A search ball is not equipped with locomotion mechanisms but contains some sensors for searching disaster victims and a radio transceiver. Many balls are thrown into rubble and fall down while repeating collision; they are scattered inside the rubble. The sensor information from the balls is transmitted on radio out of the rubble and monitored at safe area by rescuers. Thus search balls allow rapid and wide-area search inside rubble. Two types of search balls with wide field of view are developed: one type has three fixed wireless cameras, and the other has two wireless cameras rotated by a motor. Both types have infrared LEDs for illumination, a radio receiver for communication with monitoring computers, batteries and electronic circuit; these components are packed into sphere impact-resistant outer shells. Impact-resistance of the balls is tested by drop experiment on wooden floors. It is experimentally checked using a model of rubble that the monitoring computer can send commands to the ball inside this rubble and the ball can transmit the video signal of its cameras out. We also check if humans can be found in the camera images sent from the ball in darkness.
논문 : PCR법에 의한 박테리아의 동정 및 오존과 UV에 의한 제거 연구 (2004)

The purpose of this study was to monitor bacteria present in raw water and to investigate the effect of ozone, UV and combined ozone/UV processes for inactivating bacteria. Both polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fragment length polymorphic analysis (PRA) and PCR-sequence analysis (PSA) were applied for the simultaneous analysis of numerous bacteria species present in each tested water, such as drinking water (DRW), drinking water source (DRWS) and sewage effluent water (SEW). According to the result, the number of detected bacteria species was zero in DRW, 58 in DRWS and 13 in SEW. After treatment of the each process, the ozone/UV process was the most successful for inactivating almost all bacteria. However, it was found that Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Beta proteobacterium sp. had strong resistant to all tested processes, requiring further detailed study.
Methyl jasmonate downregulates expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell lines (2008)

Recent evidence indicates that methyl jasmonate, a plant stress hormone, exhibits anticancer activity on human cancer cells. Whether methyl jasmonate could inhibit the growth of human neuroblastoma cells still, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, administration of methyl jasmonate to cultured neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-SH and BE(2)-C, resulted in a decrease of cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT colorimetry and colony formation assay. The results from RT-PCR indicated that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, but not of cyclin D1, was downregulated by methyl jasmonate. Accordingly, the cell cycle of methyl jasmonate-treated neuroblastoma cells was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, incubation of SK-N-SH and BE(2)-C cells with methyl jasmonate resulted in characteristic changes of apoptosis, as demonstrated by acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, methyl jasmonate decreased the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and survivin, critical members of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, in neuroblastoma cells. These findings indicate that methyl jasmonate suppresses the growth of cultured human neuroblastoma cells associated with downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and induces apoptosis accompanied by downregulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and survivin, which lays the groundwork for further investigation into the mechanisms of methyl jasmonate-mediated anticancer activities.
Lines of malicious code (2012)

Malicious software installed on infected computers is a fundamental component of online crime. Malware development thus plays an essential role in the underground economy of cyber-crime. Malware authors regularly update their software to defeat defenses or to support new or improved criminal business models. A large body of research has focused on detecting malware, defending against it and identifying its functionality. In addition to these goals, however, the analysis of malware can provide a glimpse into the software development industry that develops malicious code.
Structure-Specific Effects of Protein Topology on Cross-β Assembly:  Studies of Insulin Fibrillation (2006)

Systemic amyloidoses, an important class of protein misfolding diseases, are often due to fibrillation of disulfide-cross-linked globular proteins otherwise unrelated in sequence or structure. Although cross-beta assembly is regarded as a universal property of polypeptides, it is not understood how such amyloids accommodate diverse disulfide connectivities. Does amyloidogenicity depend on protein topology? A model is provided by insulin, a two-chain protein containing three disulfide bridges. The importance of chain topology is demonstrated by mini-proinsulin (MP), a single-chain analogue in which the C-terminus of the B chain (residue B30) is tethered to the N-terminus of the A chain (A1). The B30-A1 tether impedes the fiber-specific alpha --> beta transition, leading to slow formation of a structurally nonuniform amorphous precipitate. Conversely, fibrillation is robust to interchange of disulfide bridges. Whereas native insulin exhibits pairings [A6-A11, A7-B7, and A20-B19], metastable isomers with alternative pairings [A6-B7, A7-A11, A20-B19] or [A6-A7, A11-B7, A20-B1] readily undergo fibrillation with essentially identical alpha --> beta transitions. Respective pairing schemes are in each case retained. Isomeric fibrils and the amorphous MP precipitate are each able to seed the fibrillation of wild-type insulin, suggesting a structural correspondence between respective nuclei or modes of assembly. Together, our results demonstrate that effects of polypeptide topology on amyloidogenicity depend on structural context. Although the native structures and stabilities of single-chain insulin analogues are similar to those of wild-type insulin, the interchain tether constrains the extent of conformational distortion at elevated temperature, retards initial non-native aggregation, and is apparently incompatible with the mature structure of an insulin protofilament. We speculate that the general danger of fibrillation has imposed a constraint in protein evolution, selecting for topologies unfavorable to amyloid formation.
Preference of Campoletis perdistinctus for Certain Noctuid Larvae123 (1972)

Mated adult females of Campoletis perdistinctus (Viereck) were confined together in one or more of 4 laboratory tests and I field-cage test with 3- to 4-day-old larvae of the noctuids: beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner); bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie); cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith); southern armyworm, Prodenia eridania (Cramer); tobacco bud worm, H. virescens (F.); and yellowstriped armyworm, Prodenia ornithogalli Guenée. The bollworm, fall armyworm, and tobacco budworm were the most preferred hosts in all laboratory tests, whereas the cabbage looper was the least preferred host, and no parasite cocoons were produced from larvae of the beet armyworm. Also, rates of parasitization were greater when the hosts were confined in chambers containing cotton plants than in chambers containing an artificial diet. In the field-cage test, considerably more parasite cocoons were formed from larvae of the bollworm and the tobacco bud worm than from the cabbage looper and the southern armyworm. Thus, laboratory and field-cage tests indicated that the bollworm and tobacco budworm were among the most preferred noctuid hosts of C. perdistinclus. Consequently, these noctuids should be the major ovipositional site [or the parasite if it were to be used in an inundative release program against cotton pests.
Biodegradable Colloidal Gels as Moldable Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2007)

Colloidal gels are fabricated using oppositely charged, biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles that interact to form stable 3D structures. Malleability under shear and strong static cohesion facilitate the fabrication of shape- specific tissue-engineering scaffolds.
Characterizing observers using external noise and observer models: Assessing internal representations with external noise. (2008)

External noise methods and observer models have been widely used to characterize the intrinsic perceptual limitations of human observers and changes of the perceptual limitations associated with cognitive, developmental, and disease processes by highlighting the variance of internal representations. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of the 5 most prominent observer models through the development of a common formalism. They derived new predictions of the models for a common set of behavioral tests that were compared with the data in the literature and a new experiment. The comparison between the model predictions and the empirical data resulted in very strong constraints on the observer models. The perceptual template model provided the best account of all the empirical data in the visual domain. The choice of the observer model has significant implications for the interpretation of data from other external noise paradigms, as well as studies using external noise to assay changes of perceptual limitations associated with observer states. The empirical and theoretical development suggests possible parallel developments in other sensory modalities and studies of high-level cognitive processes.
Netherton syndrome showing a large clinical overlap with generalized inflammatory peeling skin syndrome (2012)

ejd.2012.1720 Auteur(s) : Muhammad Farooq1, Mazen Kurban2,3,a, Ossama Abbas2, Abdul-Ghani Kibbi2, Atsushi Fujimoto1, Hiroki Fujikawa1, Yutaka Shimomura1,a yshimo@med.niigata-u.ac.j 1 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Niigata University Medical School, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan 2 Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Biochemistry and molecular genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon a These authors equally contributed to this work. Netherton [...]
Voltammetric and amperometric behaviour of uric acid at bare and surface-modified screen-printed electrodes: studies towards a disposable uric acid sensor (1992)

Systematic voltammetric and amperometric studies have been undertaken to examine the electrochemical behaviour of uric acid at bare and surface-modified screen-printed electrodes. The precision of the electrode manufacture was determined by cyclic voltammetry with a 1.0 × 10–4 mol dm–3 uric acid solution and was calculated to be 6.0%(n= 5). Several strategies were investigated in an attempt to eliminate interference from ascorbic acid. These involved coating the electrode surface with Nafion, or the enzyme L-ascorbic acid oxidase. The latter was immobilized using one of two methods: either by a simple adsorption process, or by cross-linking with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. The amperometric response at the surface-adsorbed enzyme electrode for uric acid was linear over the concentration range from 5.08 × 10–6 to 1.51 × 10–4 mol dm–3; the limit of detection was 2.54 × 10–6 mol dm–3 using a full-scale deflection of 0.5 µA. This modified electrode exhibited no response to ascorbic acid at levels up to 0.53 mmol dm–3. The electrode modified by cross-linking the enzyme to the surface showed no response to ascorbic acid concentrations of up to 0.093 mmol dm–3.
New Process to Form a Silk Fibroin Porous 3-D Structure (2005)

A new process to form fibroin spongy porous 3-D structure is reported herein. The process involves freezing and thawing fibroin aqueous solution in the presence of a small amount of an organic solvent. The process requires no freeze-drying, chemical cross-linking, or the aid of other polymeric materials. The solvent concentration, fibroin concentration, freezing temperature, and freezing duration affect the sponge formation, its porous structure, and its mechanical properties. Measurements by XRD and FTIR indicate that silk I and silk II crystalline structures exist in the fibroin sponge and that the secondary structure of fibroin is transformed to a beta-sheet from a random coil during this process. The tensile strength decreased slightly, but the fibroin sponge showed no deformation after autoclaving. Therefore, the fibroin sponge was sterilized using an autoclave. For 3 weeks, MC3T3 cells proliferated in the sterilized fibroin sponge. The fibroin sponge formed by this new process is applicable as a tissue-engineering scaffold because it is formed from biocompatible pure silk fibroin and offers both porous structure and mechanical properties that are suitable for cell growth and handling.
Platelet Factor 4 Injection Produces Acute Pulmonary Hypertension in the Awake Lamb (1995)

Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Hospital, and the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Harvard Medical School at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Novel methods to treat and prevent human papillomavirus infection (2006)

The human papillomavirus (HPV), a ubiquitous sexually transmitted virus, is the causative agent for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma worldwide. Current treatment methods primarily utilize ablative and excisional procedures to remove dysplastic, HPV-infected cervical tissue. However, these procedures require intensive cytopathological surveillance and carry inherent risks of bleeding, infection and possible future pregnancy complications. Development of an effective vaccine against HPV would dramatically reduce the need for costly cytological and histological surveillance. HPV represents an ideal candidate for vaccine development, and current research efforts in the realm of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine design show great promise. A host of various vaccine techniques are currently being developed and tested and, if effective, will have a significant impact on the incidence of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐ and Regioselective Metal Salt‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of 1,2‐ Epoxides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Cyano‐4,6‐disubstituted‐2(1H)‐imino or oxopyridines: New Antineoplastic Agents with High Selectivity Towards Leukemia Cell Lines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mouse A9 Cells Containing Single Human Chromosomes for Analysis of Genomic Imprinting (1999)

To develop an systematic in vitro approach for the study of genomic imprinting, we generated a new library of human/mouse A9 monochromosomal hybrids. We used whole cell fusion and microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to generate A9 hybrids containing a single, intact, bsr-tagged human chromosome derived from primary fibroblasts. A9 hybrids were identified that contained either human chromosome 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 18, 20, or X. The parental origin of these chromosomes was determined by polymorphic analysis using microsatellite markers, and matched hybrids containing maternal and paternal chromosomes were identified for chromosomes 5, 10, 11 and 15. The imprinted gene KVLQT1 on human chromosome 11p15.5 was expressed exclusively from the maternal chromosome in A9 hybrids, and the parental-origin-specific expression patterns of several other imprinted genes were also maintained. This library of human monochromosomal hybrids is a valuable resource for the mapping and cloning of human genes and is a novel in vitro system for the screening of imprinted genes and for their functional analysis.
Lipomatous Mixed Tumor of the Skin (2009)

Background: Mixed tumors of the skin showing extensive lipomatous change have been reported scantly in the literature. The cause of this change is under debate and have generally been attributed to metaplasia of the tumor cells or less commonly, lipomatous degeneration. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate how often the lipomatous change happen in mixed tumors and attempt to elucidate the etiology of such changes via histopathological and immunohistiochemical methods. Methods: Cases diagnosed as cutaneous mixed tumors within the past twenty years were retrieved from our archives and reevaluated. Those with extensive lipomatous component were submitted to special staining: smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein Results: Twenty-nine cases were reviewed histopathologically. Varying degrees of lipomatous differentiation was noted in thirteen (45%) cases. In four (14%) of them, the lipomatous component constituted larger than 20% of the total stromal component. The lipomatous cells strongly expressed S-100 protein, but reacted negatively to smooth muscle actin or glial fibrillary acidic protein. Some intermediate cells were noted in intermediate zones. Conclusion: Lipomatous change in mixed tumors of the skin may be more common than previously thought. The strong expression of S-100 protein in the lipomatous cells and the finding of intermediate cells support the notion that metaplasia of myoepithelial cells plays a role in the stromal differentiation of mixed tumors.
Tuning the magnetoresistance of ultrathin WTe2sheets by electrostatic gating (2016)

The semimetallic, two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide WTe<sub>2</sub> has raised considerable interest due to its huge, non-saturating magnetoresistance. While for the origin of this effect, a close-to-ideal balance of electrons and holes has been put forward, the carrier concentration dependence of the magnetoresistance remains to be clarified. Here, we present a detailed study of the magnetotransport behaviour of ultrathin, mechanically exfoliated WTe<sub>2</sub> sheets as a function of electrostatic back gating. The carrier concentration and mobility, determined using the two band model and analysis of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, indicate enhanced surface scattering for the thinnest sheets. By the back gate action, the magnetoresistance could be tuned by up to ∼100% for a ∼13 nm-thick WTe<sub>2</sub> sheet.