gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Domain switching and polarization fatigue in rhombohedral PIN‐PMN‐PT and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals (2019)

Abstract Domain switching process under alternating electric field was investigated by in situ polarized light microscopy in [001]‐oriented Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 ‐Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbTiO 3 (PIN‐PMN‐PT) and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals. Only one‐step 71° switching was confirmed in pure and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals by the formed domain walls, whose projections on the (001) plane are along 45° or 135° with respect to [010] direction. Moreover, polarization and strain loops during cyclic electric field were studied in depth as a function of switching cycles. Polarization fatigue appeared obviously above 1000 bipolar cycles in PIN‐PMN‐PT samples, while Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT samples exhibited almost fatigue‐free characteristics. By considering the thermodynamic theory, the improved fatigue resistance in Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals stems from the enhanced energy barrier of domain switching. Mn modification does not affect the domain switching paths, but it can enhance the energy barrier of domain switching, leading to the improved fatigue behaviors. Our results provide a useful insight into the underlying mechanisms between the domain switching process and polarization fatigue for applying high‐performance relaxor‐ferroelectric single crystals.
Mutational Evidence of Internal Fusion Loops in Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B (2007)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) is one of four glycoproteins necessary and sufficient for HSV cellular entry. Recently, the crystal structures of HSV-1 gB and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G were determined. Surprisingly, the two proteins share remarkable structural homology. Both proteins are homotrimeric and center about a long alpha-helix, features reminiscent of class I fusion proteins, such as influenza virus hemagglutinin or paramyxovirus F. However, these structures revealed that G has internal fusion loops, similar to the fusion loops of the class II fusion proteins, and that these loops are structurally conserved in gB. To examine whether these putative fusion loops are important for gB function, we mutated potential membrane-interacting (hydrophobic) residues to charged amino acids. Of most interest were mutant gB proteins that were expressed on the cell surface and were recognized by monoclonal antibodies against conformational epitopes but lacked the ability to function in cell-cell fusion assays. We find that three of the five hydrophobic amino acids targeted in these loops, tryptophan 174, tyrosine 179, and alanine 261, are integral in the function of gB. Our data suggest that they are part of an important functional domain. We hypothesize that two loops in domain 1 of HSV gB function as fusion loops. Our data are further evidence that gB is a viral fusogen and suggest clues as to how gB may function.
농작업에서의 산업보건학적 문제점 파악 연구 (2011)

The number of accidents and the incidence rate of occupational disease are higher in the rural area than other occupational industries. This study tried to identify the occupational health risk factors in agricultural work activities by literature review. Also, this study conducted questionnaire survey regarding the PPE (personal protective equipment) and the prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders. From literature review of 26 papers, risk factors were categorized as five groups: chemical, physical, biotic, ergonomic, and negligent accident factor. These risk factors are almost same in the general industries. From the questionnaire survey, it was revealed that most farmers were wearing at least 1 PPE, and the percentage of not wearing the PPE during pesticide spraying task was very low (6%). About 85% farmers were experienced the musculoskeletal symptoms, and the most prevalent body part was waist (56%).
Family‐based association study of serotonin transporter promoter in suicidal adolescents: No association with suicidality but possible role in violence traits (2001)

The serotonin transporter-linked promoter region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is thought to be associated with some serotonin dysfunction-related psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety disorders. Suicide and suicide-related behaviors such as violence, aggression, and impulsivity have been reproducibly associated with serotonin dysfunction and are partially genetic. This study examined the association of 5-HTTLPR with suicidal behavior and related traits in Israeli suicidal adolescent inpatients using the haplotype relative risk (HRR) method that controls for artifacts caused by population stratification. Forty-eight inpatient adolescents who recently attempted suicide were assessed by structured interviews for detailed clinical history, diagnoses, suicide intent, suicide risk, impulsivity, violence, and depression. Blood samples were collected and DNA extracted from patients and their biological parents. The 5-HTTLPR allele frequencies were tested for association with suicidality by the HRR method. In addition, the relationship between genotypes and phenotypic severity of several clinical parameters was analyzed. No significant allelic association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior was found (chi square = 0.023; P = 0.88). Analysis of variance of the suicide-related trait measures for the three genotypes demonstrated a significant difference in violence measures between patients carrying the LL and LS genotypes (9.50+/-4.04 vs. 5.36+/-4.03; P = 0.029). This study suggests that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is unlikely to have major relevance to the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior in adolescence but may contribute to violent behavior in this population.
Intramolecular sensitisation of lanthanide(iii) luminescence by acetophenone-containing ligands: the critical effect of para-substituents and solvent (2001)

Tetraazamacrocyclic ligands have been prepared in which three of the four nitrogen atoms are functionalised with carboxylate donors and the fourth is alkylated with a para-substituted acetophenone group {–CH2C(O)C6H4–X, where X = H, OMe, NMe2}. The europium(III), gadolinium(III) and (for X = H) terbium(III) complexes of these potentially octadentate ligands have been prepared. The unsubstituted and methoxy-substituted ligands sensitise the europium(III) emissive state with high efficiency in aqueous solution. Calculation of the pure radiative lifetime, based on the contribution of the 5D0 → 7F1 transition to the total integrated emission intensity, has allowed an estimate of the efficiency of energy transfer to be made. Sensitisation of europium luminescence also occurs in the complex of the dimethylamino-substituted ligand but the process is highly solvent-dependent: very efficient sensitisation is observed in dichloromethane and DMSO, but the complex is non-emissive in water and only slightly emissive in acetonitrile. UV-Visible absorption spectra indicate that in all the solvents investigated, the carbonyl oxygen of the ligand is directly coordinated to the metal ion. The intensity of the hypersensitive 5D0 → 7F2 transition in the three complexes mirrors the degree of polarisation of the ketone CO bond.
Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation and Heteroarylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (2006)

Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation and heteroarylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines at the 3-position are described. The optimization of the reaction in conventional heating and the adaptation under microwaves irradiation is reported. The compatibility of the synthesis with the presence of bromo or chloro substituents in the 6-position was investigated.
Immunomodulatory effects of heat shock protein 90 inhibition on humoral immune responses (2014)

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibition blocks T-cell-linked inflammatory disease pathways and exhibits therapeutic activity in autoimmune disease mouse models, including the blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Although we previously showed that preformed autoreactive plasma cells do not seem to be directly affected by anti-Hsp90 treatment, immunomodulatory effects of Hsp90 inhibition on (auto-)antibody responses are not yet fully understood. In this study, the Hsp90 blocker 17-DMAG inhibited proliferation of activated total B cells and their IgG secretion in cultures of human peripheral B cells from healthy subjects, but IgG production was no longer affected when these activated B cells were allowed to differentiate prior to a deferred application of the inhibitor. 17-DMAG treatment was associated with induction of nuclear and cytoplasmic heat shock factor 1 and Hsp70 in stimulated human B cells, respectively. Type VII collagen (epidermolysis bullosa acquisita)-immunized mice early treated with 17-DMAG had reduced total B cells in spleens, a relative increase in splenic regulatory B cell fractions, higher serum IL-10 concentrations, and lower levels of circulating autoantibodies (paralleled by less pronounced disease induction) compared with vehicle-treated immunized mice. Autoantibody production was blunted in isolated and autoantigen-restimulated lymph node cells from immunized mice by either 17-DMAG or purified autologous splenic regulatory B cells. Thus, in addition to the previously described T cell inhibitory effects of Hsp90 blockade, this treatment potently modulates humoral immune responses at the B cell level, further supporting the introduction of Hsp90 inhibitors into the clinical setting for treatment of autoantibody-mediated disorders.
Relations between auditory functions in normal hearing (1981)

The relations among a number of auditory functions were studied by concentration on small interindividual differences in these functions. For this purpose a battery of 12 tests was applied to 50 normal-hearing subjects. The tests included absolute threshold, auditory bandwidth measured with comb-filtered noise in direct and in forward masking, psychophysical tuning curve both in direct and in forward masking, temporal integration measured with intensity-modulated noise, forward- and backward-masking curves, cubic-difference-tone strength, and lateral suppression. In all cases the test frequency was 1000 Hz. Among the relations found, are (1) a positive correlation between the shift of the steep edge of the tuning curve, away from the probe frequency, and the width of the auditory filter as measured with comb-filtered noise, (2) an inverse relation between the width of the tuning curve and the width of the temporal window, and (3) a positive correlation between the width of the auditory filter and the strength of the cubic difference tone. Low correlations among tests were not caused by poor test reliability.
Identification and characterization by electrospray mass spectrometry of endogenous Drosophila sphingadienes (2007)

Sphingolipids comprise a complex group of lipids concentrated in membrane rafts and whose metabolites function as signaling molecules. Sphingolipids are conserved in Drosophila, in which their tight regulation is required for proper development and tissue integrity. In this study, we identified a new family of Drosophila sphingolipids containing two double bonds in the long chain base (LCB). The lipids were found at low levels in wild-type flies and accumulated markedly in Drosophila Sply mutants, which do not express sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase and are defective in sphingolipid catabolism. To determine the identity of the unknown lipids, purified whole fly lipid extracts were separated on a C18-HPLC column and analyzed using electrospray mass spectrometry. The lipids contain a LCB of either 14 or 16 carbons with conjugated double bonds at C4,6. The Delta(4,6)-sphingadienes were found as free LCBs, as phosphorylated LCBs, and as the sphingoid base in ceramides. The temporal and spatial accumulation of Delta(4,6)-sphingadienes in Sply mutants suggests that these lipids may contribute to the muscle degeneration observed in these flies.
High risk of intraoperative awareness during cardiopulmonary bypass with isoflurane administration via diffusion membrane oxygenators (2002)

In cardiac surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), inhalation anaesthetics can be administered via the oxygenator. Until the recent advent of a new type of diffusion membrane oxygenator, we routinely added the inhalation agent, isoflurane, to the gas flow of a microporous capillary membrane-type oxygenator. Applying this procedure to the diffusion-type oxygenators, the depth of anaesthesia appeared to be affected, which manifested itself through unusually high intraoperative perfusion pressures. This observation led to a prospective randomized study comprising 60 patients and two models of a microporous capillary membrane oxygenator, as well as two models of a diffusion membrane oxygenator. Simultaneous isoflurane concentration measurements at both the gas inlet and outlet ports of the oxygenators showed that, whereas in the microporous capillary-type oxygenators the isoflurane administered was reduced by about 50% during the passage of gas through the device, there was only a minimal transfer of isoflurane in the diffusion-type membrane oxygenators.
Decrease in 5'-nucleotidase activity in malignant transformed and normal stimulated cells. (1978)

Analysis of six different cell types of normal and transformed fibroblasts grown in vitro and of four different cell types of normal and leukemic lymphocytes grown in vivo have shown a marked decrease of 3- to 30-fold in the specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the malignant cells as compared to their normal parental cells. The results have also indicated that a serum stimulation of untransformed or normal fibroblasts and a stimulation of normal lymphocytes by concanavalin A resulted in a significant decrease in the specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase of the stimulated cultures as compared to the resting cells. In both the malignant cells and the stimulated normal cells, the decrease in 5'-nucleotidase activity was not accompanied by a similar decrease in the specific activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a specific enzyme alteration in the surface membranes of the transformed and the normal stimulated cells.
Transmission to the chest of sound introduced at the mouth (1989)

We examined the transmission to the chest wall of white noise and 25-Hz square-wave-generated noise introduced at the mouth of five healthy subjects. The output audio signals were recorded over the left and right upper and lower lung zones, posteriorly. Sound measurements were made during apnea at functional residual capacity, total lung capacity, and residual volume both after breathing air and an 80% He-20% O2 (heliox) gas mixture. We calculated the peak-to-peak amplitude, the peak frequency, and the midpower frequency of the output sound. We found no consistent variations in the values of these indexes due to lung volume or resident gas density. In all cases, the transmitted sound was most intense at the right upper zone. This could not be explained on the basis of technical factors but was probably the result of normal asymmetry of the mediastinal anatomy. These data suggest that sound introduced through the mouth of healthy individuals excites intrathoracic structures but is transmitted through the parenchyma in such a manner that it is not markedly affected by familiar physiological variables. This must be taken into account if objective acoustical tests of lung physiology are to be developed.
Formation and interactions of a matter wave soliton train (2003)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. E. Strecker, G. B. Partridge, and R. G. Hulet, "Formation and interactions of a matter wave soliton train," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper WL2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Reentry thermal protection from Pioneer F RTG insulation material (1972)

Ablation tests were performed on the insulation material used in the Pioneer F radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) in the Ames Arc-Heated Planetary-Gas Wind Tunnel. Test results indicate that the material, trade name Min-K 1301, should experience little ablation for heat transfer rates below 40 BTU/sq ft-sec. If the current design were to be changed so that the various pieces of Min-K were fastened or interlocked together the total amount of heat delivered to the RTG heat source during an earth orbital decay reentry would be reduced by at least 22.7%.
Propagation of specific network patterns through the mouse hippocampus (2008)

Network oscillations bind neurons into transient assemblies with coherent activity, enabling temporal coding. In the mammalian hippocampus, spatial relationships are represented by sequences of action potentials of place cells. Such patterns are established during memory acquisition and are re-played during sharp wave-ripple complexes in CA1 in subsequent sleep episodes. These events originate in CA3 and travel towards CA1 and downstream cortical areas. It is unclear, however, whether specific sequences of ripple-associated firing are solely defined within the CA1 network or whether these patterns are directly entrained by preceding activities of neurons within CA3. Using a model of sharp wave-ripple oscillations (SPW-R) in mouse hippocampal slices we analyzed the propagation of these signals between CA3 and CA1. We found tight coupling between high-frequency network activity in CA3 and CA1. Propagation of ripples through the hippocampal loop maintained precise temporal relationships at the network and cellular level, as indicated by coupling of field potentials, multiunit and single cell activity between major portions of CA3 and CA1. Moreover, SPW-R-like activity in CA1 could be elicited by electrical stimulation within area CA3 while antidromic activation of CA1 failed to induce organized high-frequency oscillations. Our data show that the specificity of neuronal assemblies is maintained with cell-to-cell precision while SPW-R propagate along the hippocampal loop.
Impact of Clinicopathological Parameters in Patients Treated for Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

This study points out different clinical and pathological prognostic factors of survival in patients treated for renal cell carcinoma. Microvascular invasion was the only independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis.
Role for macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma (2002)

Multiple myeloma (MM) cells cause devastating bone destruction by activating osteoclasts in the bone marrow milieu. However, the mechanism of enhanced bone resorption in patients with myeloma is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated a role of C-C chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, in MM cell-induced osteolysis. These chemokines were produced and secreted by a majority of MM cell lines as well as primary MM cells from patients. Secretion of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta correlated well with the ability of myeloma cells to enhance osteoclastic bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo as well as in MM patients. In osteoclastogenic cultures of rabbit bone cells, cocultures with myeloma cells as well as addition of myeloma cell-conditioned media enhanced both formation of osteoclastlike cells and resorption pits to an extent comparable to the effect of recombinant MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. Importantly, these effects were mostly reversed by neutralizing antibodies against MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, or their cognate receptor, CCR5, suggesting critical roles of these chemokines. We also demonstrated that stromal cells express CCR5 and that recombinant MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta induce expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) ligand by stromal cells, thereby stimulating osteoclast differentiation of preosteoclastic cells. These results suggest that MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta may be major osteoclast-activating factors produced by MM cells.
Mast cells in infection and immunity (1997)

Free access1 September 1997 Share on Mast cells in infection and immunityAuthors: S N Abraham, R MalaviyaAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.65.9.3501-3508.1997 PDF/EPUB
Paradigms in handwriting recognition (2002)

This paper describes the several paradigms that have been developed to solve the problem of recognizing handwritten words. We draw parallels between speech and handwriting recognition and lay the foundation for this research from an AI perspective. We describe the differences in the various methods and show how each is suitable for a particular category of applications.
Motion Compensation Processing of Airborne SAR Data (2008)

This paper presents a motion compensation algorithm to focus high resolution SAR data taken from an airborne sensor. The basic idea is to fragment the sensor trajectory into smaller segments that can be modelled as linear or quadratic. The synthetic antenna is then considered as an array of smaller subarrays. The algorithm can easily adapt and trade efficiency for sensor path irregularity. In fact the algorithm is more efficient if the segments are longer. Experimental results with real airborne data confirm the correctness of the approach.
Intermolecular disintegration and intramolecular strand transfer activities of wild-type and mutant HIV-1 integrase (1994)

We report the activities of HIV integrase protein on a novel DNA substrate, consisting of a pair of gapped duplex molecules. Integrase catalyzed an intermolecular disintegration reaction that requires positioning of a pair of the gapped duplexes in a configuration that resembles the intgration intermediate. However, the major reaction resulted from an intramolecular reaction involving a single gapped duplex, giving rise to a hairpin. Surprisingly, a deletion mutant of integrase that lacks both the amino and carboxyl terminal regions still catalyzed the intermolecular disintegration reaction, but supported only a very low level of the intramolecular reaction. The central core region of integrase is therefore sufficient to both bind the gapped duplex DNA and juxtapose a pair of such molecules through protein-protein interactions. We suggest that the branched DNA structures of the previously reported disintegration substrate, and the intermolecular disintegration substrate described here, assist in stabilizing protein-protein interactions that otherwise require the amino and carboxy terminal regions of integrase.
Corrigendum to “Expression of HGF and c-Met Proteins in Human Keratoconus Corneas” (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/852986.].
Particle filtering algorithms for single-channel blind separation of convolutionally coded signals (2009)

In this paper, we propose a particle filtering based algorithm for single-channel blind separation (SCBS) of two convolutionally coded signals. We utilize the convolution code to enhance the performance of separation. By modifying the generalized state-space representation of the SCBS model, we obtain an approach for joint separation and decoding of two source signals. Two conventional algorithms, which execute decoding after signal separation, are then discussed and compared with the proposed algorithm. Computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm makes a significant improvement in symbol error rate (SER) performance over the two conventional algorithms.