gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioactivity of long lived gamma emitters in rice consumed in Kuwait (2012)

A study of long-lived gamma emitting radionuclides in rice consumed in Kuwait was performed. The study targeted the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K, in addition to the anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs. Annual effective doses from rice consumption were estimated to be 33 and 60 μSv for the adult and child age groups respectively. These values were found to be of several orders of magnitude less than the 0.29 mSv year−1 world average of the ingestion exposure from natural sources reported in the literature. Moreover, the anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs was detected in one sample only, out of the 21 samples measured, with an activity concentration of 0.1 Bq kg−1. This small value is four orders of magnitude less than the guideline limit. Hence, rice consumption in Kuwait is radiologically safe for the presence of the investigated radionuclides.
Primary structures and Lewis blood-group-dependent expression of major sialylated saccharides from mucus glycoproteins of human seminal plasma (1985)

The primary structures of four major sialylated saccharide alditols derived from mucus glycoproteins of human seminal plasma were established by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and methylation analysis. Anomeric configurations of the glycosidic bonds were determined by exoglycosidase digestion and CrO3 oxidation. (Formula: see text) Two minor components represent isomers of the major saccharide in A6, which are probably characterized by terminal sequences NeuAc(2----3)Gal(1----4)[Fuc(1----3)]GlcNAc(1---- and Fuc(1----2)Gal(1----4)[NeuAc(2----6)]GlcNAc(1----, respectively. Based on quantitative data from high-pressure liquid chromatography and on structural information, the biosynthetic pathways for neutral and sialylated saccharides related to the Lewis system were proposed. Expression of saccharides A6, A7 and A8 and their asialo counterparts, which are characterized by antigenic determinants H, Lex and Ley, respectively, is qualitatively and quantitatively dependent on the Lewis blood type of the respective donor and correlates with Ca 19-9 activity of its seminal plasma.
Proceedings, seventh European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, 26-28 March 2003, Benevento, Italy (2003)

These 40 papers from the March 2003 conference explore strategies and techniques for maintaining and reengineering software, with individual papers proposing approaches to transforming legacy systems, refactoring, testing, aspect-oriented programming, clustering, and slicing. Among the topics are au
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry in Superacids. Part 21. Trihalomethyl Cations and Their Superelectrophilic Activation (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using zero moment point preview control formulation to generate nonlinear trajectories of walking patterns on humanoid robots (2018)

This paper designs a desired zero moment point (ZMP) trajectory and creates a centre of mass (CoM) trajectory based on this ZMP, in order to solve the problem of generating nonlinear trajectories of walking pattern instability of a humanoid robot. The preview control formulation which follows the planned ZMP patterns while reducing the jerk (acceleration derivation) is considered to implement this trajectory. The walking pattern for bipedal robot is generated by using a cart-table model. After that, the hip and foot trajectories planning that make the robot walk smoothly on the different ground conditions are proposed by using the cycloid function. According to these trajectories, the position of each leg joint of humanoid robot could be determined by inverse kinematics. Then, computer simulations are performed by utilising RecurDyn and MATLAB softwares to validate the proposed preview control formulation for the nonlinear walking patterns generation of a bioloid humanoid robot. Finally, an experimental analysis with the real bioloid robot is also described in this paper.
Efficacy and safety of rifabutin‐containing ‘rescue therapy’ for resistant Helicobacter pylori infection (2006)

A 12-day course of low dose of rifabutin with an increased dose of amoxicillin and pantoprazole is well-tolerated and highly effective against dual-resistant H. pylori infection after failure of triple therapy.
The effect of simulated microgravity on osteoblasts is independent of the induction of apoptosis (2007)

Bone loss during spaceflight has been attributed, in part, to a reduction in osteoblast number, altered gene expression, and an increase in cell death. To test the hypothesis that microgravity induces osteoblast apoptosis and suppresses the mature phenotype, we created a novel system to simulate spaceflight microgravity combining control and experimental cells within the same in vitro environment. Cells were encapsulated into two types of alginate carriers: non-rotationally stabilized (simulated microgravity) and rotationally stabilized (normal gravity). Using these specialized carriers, we were able to culture MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells for 1-14 days in simulated microgravity and normal gravity in the same rotating wall vessel (RWV). The viability of cells was not affected by simulated microgravity, nor was the reductive reserve. To determine if simulated microgravity sensitized the osteoblasts to apoptogens, cells were challenged with staurosporine or sodium nitroprusside and the cell death was measured. Simulated microgravity did not alter the sensitivity of C3H10T-1/2 stem cells, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, or MLO-A5 osteocyte-like cells to the action of these agents. RT-PCR analysis indicated that MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts maintained expression of RUNX2, osteocalcin, and collagen type I, but alkaline phosphatase expression was decreased in cells subjected to simulated microgravity for 5 days. We conclude that osteoblast apoptosis is not induced by vector-averaged gravity, thus suggesting that microgravity does not directly induce osteoblast death.
Micromechanical structures with optical detection integrated on silicon (2002)

We have determined closed form expressions, that can be used as a satisfactory tool for the design and optimisation of optomechanical pressure sensors based on simple membranes with small deflections. The finite element software package ANSYS was used to compare the results. The relative change in the refraction index in the waveguide was calculated using the stress-elastooptical coefficients for SiON given in literature.
Molecular p-doping in organic liquid crystalline semiconductors: influence of the charge transfer complex on the properties of mesophase and bulk charge transport (2019)

We explore the molecular nature of doping in organic semiconductors (OSCs) by employing a liquid crystalline organic semiconductor based on phenyl naphthalene as a model. The mesophase nature of composites that include a charge transfer complex (CTC) between the OSC (8-PNP-O12) and an electron acceptor (F4TCNQ) has been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and X-ray scattering. Optical and vibrational spectroscopies allow us to explore the characteristics and the amount of charge transfer in the CTC and expose some properties that appear only in the complexed state. We have found this system to exhibit partial charge transfer, which manifests itself in all the phase states of the host 8-PNP-O12, as well as in solution. Due to the lowering of molecular symmetry as a result of the charge transfer, one of the previously IR-only vibrational bands of the nitrile group is found to be now active in the Raman spectrum. We have also made an attempt to further investigate the influence of dopant introduction on the bulk hole mobility of 8-PNP-O12. It is found that the presence of the CTC promotes the hole transport in the Smectic B mesophase, however it seems to have a somewhat negative influence in the less ordered smectic A mesophase. This work aims to establish the link between the inevitable change of molecular geometry that occurs on charge transfer with the results obtained by spectroscopic techniques and electronic charge carrier mobility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: The Optimized Microwave‐Assisted Decomposition of Formamides and Its Synthetic Utility in the Amination Reactions of Purines. (2011)

Abstract The main advantages of the present method as compared to the reactions using conventional heating are short reaction times, high yields, simple work‐up.
Sialoglycoconjugates in Trypanosoma cruzi-host cell interaction: possible biological model - a review (1994)

A number of glycoconjugates, including glycolipids and glycoproteins, participate in the process of host-cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi and one of the most important carbohydrates involved on this interaction is sialic acid. It is known that parasite trans-sialidase participates with sialic acid in a coordinated fashion in the initial stages of invasion. Given the importance of these sialoglycoconjugates, this review sets out various possible biological models for the interaction between the parasite and mammalian cells that possess a sialylated receptor/ligand system.
Wideband tunable common‐mode suppression filter based on varactor‐loaded slot‐ring resonator for high‐speed differential signals (2016)

In this study, a varactor‐loaded slot‐ring resonator (SRR) is investigated and applied in the design of tunable common‐mode (CM) suppression filter for high‐speed differential signals. Two tunable capacitors (realised by two kinds of varactors) with different values are symmetrically added to the SRR. Under the stepped‐width structure of the SRR, the frequency‐tuning principle is studied. It can be found that the fundamental resonant frequency f fund can be shifted up and down by properly controlling the respective values of the two loaded capacitors, i.e. bi‐directional tuning. As a result, the tuning range of f fund can be greatly enlarged, approximately double that of the traditional tunable resonator. Meanwhile, the employed stepped‐width SRR is useful not only for miniaturising the circuit size, but also further increasing the tuning range of f fund . By etching the proposed SRRs on the ground plane underneath the differential microstrip line, two wideband tunable CM‐suppression filters using one and three SRR units, respectively, are designed, and their simulated and measured results showing good agreement are presented. It is found that the CM stopband frequency can be tuned from 0.78 to 1.52 GHz, while the differential signals still keep good signal integrity in eye‐pattern observation.
The main features of central 5-HT1 receptors. (1989)

International audience
P4–352: Performance of a genetics‐based biomarker risk algorithm to support a clinical trial to delay onset of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (2013)

The use of biomarkers to identify individuals at risk for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is of interest for the design of therapeutic prevention or delay - of - onset clinical trials. A biomarker risk assignment algorithm (BRAA) based on APOE and TOMM40 '523 genotypes and age is being used to enrich an international phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. This presentation reports preliminary data on the performance of the BRAA, specifically precision of the BRAA as a function of the experimental variation of the genotype assays, predictive characteristics of the algorithm to identify MCI due to AD, and comparative data for CSF and imaging (fMRI) based biomarkers. A simulation study was performed to determine how the experimental variation of the APOE and TOMM40 '523 assays impacts the risk assignment by the BRAA. Performance of the BRAA (odds ratio, improvement in net reclassification rate vs. versions of the algorithm based only on age and/or APOE genotype) was calculated in a retrospective analysis of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data (n = 660). Its performance (sensitivity and specificity) was compared to data from literature reports for proposed CSF and fMRI biomarkers. The simulation study shows the expected precision of the BRAA to be >98%, based on the observed experimental variation of the TOMM40 '523 and APOE assays. The odds ratio for using the algorithm to predict MCI or LOAD ranges from 3 to 5, and comparison of the full algorithm to a version based on APOE and age alone shows a significant (p < 0.0001) improvement in the net reclassification rate. The performance of this informative genotype BRAA compares favorably (PPV, NPV 70–80%) with CSF and imaging (fMRI) biomarkers. The performance characteristics of the biomarker risk algorithm support its use as a pharmacogenetic enrichment tool for stratification of individuals at high or low risk for developing MCI due to AD in a phase 3 clinical trial. The data from this prospective trial will be used to support qualification of the BRAA by regulatory agencies.
GenetIc Polymorphisms of miRNA Machinery Genes in Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Associated Aortopathy (2020)

<b>Aim:</b> SNPs in miRNA machinery genes may affect miRNA function by impacting their biogenesis. Here, we investigated the association between three SNPs in miRNA machinery genes (<i>DICER</i> rs1057035, <i>DROSHA</i> rs10719 and <i>XPO5</i> rs11077) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). <b>Materials & methods:</b> Three polymorphisms were analyzed in 177 BAV patients and 414 healthy subjects by using a TaqMan<sup>®</sup>SNP assay. <b>Results:</b> The frequencies of <i>XPO5</i> rs11077 genotype were significantly different between BAV patients and controls (p = 0.022). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the <i>XPO5</i> rs11077 C allele resulted a significant predictor of BAV (odds ratio<sub>adjusted</sub> = 0.65; CI: 0.42-0.98; p = 0.047). <b>Conclusion:</b> The <i>XPO5</i> rs11077 SNP was associated with a decreased BAV risk supporting the causative role of miRNAs in aortic valve development.
Fast Detection Of Breaks In Ducts (1988)

Breaks in optical fibers reveal failures in duct walls. Group of optical fibers wrapped around duct carries light beams from lasers to photodiodes. Break in duct breaks fiber bonded to it, interrupting path of light between laser and photodetector. Interruption used to command shutdown of engine or other system to minimize damage.
Prehospital and intra-hospital time delays in posterior circulation stroke: results from the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry (2016)

Therapeutic effect of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is time dependent. There is limited evidence whether localization of stroke within the posterior circulation (PCS) is associated with a treatment delay. We aimed to analyze within a nationwide multicenter cohort whether duration of pre- and intra-hospital patient management differs between patients with PCS and anterior circulation strokes (ACS). We studied onset-to-door-times (ODT) and door-to-needle-times (DNT) of all patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS) enrolled in the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry according to infarct localization. Classification into PCS and ACS was based on clinical presentation applying the criteria used in the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Relationships between ODT, respectively, DNT and explanatory variables were modeled by multivariate linear regression. Between 2003 and 2015, 71010 patients with IS were enrolled, 11,924 with PCS and 59,086 with ACS. Overall, the ODT was significantly longer in PCS: median (IQR): 170 (25th, 75th‰: 79,420) min versus 110 (60,240); p < 0.001; this finding held true in multivariable analysis. In 10535 rt-PA-treated patients (1022 PCS/9832 ACS), ODT and DNT were significantly longer among those with PCS: ODT: median: 80 min (55,120) versus 72 (50,110), p < 0.001; DNT: 57 (35.90) versus 45 (30.67), p < 0.001. In the multivariate model, PCS was significantly associated with delay in the DNT. In conclusion, in this large nationwide cohort, patient management was significantly slower in PCS as compared to ACS. Increasing awareness about these delays and further elaboration of the underlying causes may translate into higher proportions of patients with PCS receiving rt-PA.
Spatial Firing of Hippocampal Place Cells in Blind Rats (1998)

The rat hippocampus contains cells that are characterized by location-specific firing. Previous work has shown that the angular position of hippocampal place cell firing fields is accurately controlled by the position of visual cues, suggesting that vision plays a important role in triggering place cell activity. However, a role for other types of information has also been suggested because place cell activity can be recorded while animals are moving in the darkness. In this study, we asked whether place fields can get established in rats that have never seen their environment. We studied place cell activity in early blind rats and found that these rats had place cells very similar to those recorded from sighted rats. This result suggests that early vision is not necessary for normal firing of hippocampal place cells. Dynamic, motion-related information in conjunction with stimulus recognition seems to be sufficient.
Using high-resolution ultrasonic examination to underpin fitness-for-service analysis in the service life extension of the Unity pipeline (2003)

The Unity 36 pipeline was surveyed with an intelligent pig in the Spring of 1998. Data were obtained indicating volumetric wall loss of some 30% in localised areas of the import and expansion spool pieces. The import andexport spools lie next to each other in 150 m seawater depth immediately adjacent to the Unity installation. This paper describes the post-pigging, externally applied, high-resolution ultrasonic examinations that were carried out by Veritec Ltd on the pipeline. After four separate subsea field inspections, these culminated in a detailed fitness-for-service analysis and remaining life assessment carried out by AEA Technology.
SDSS-IV MaStar: theoretical atmospheric parameters for the MaNGA stellar library (2021)

We calculate the fundamental stellar parameters effective temperature, surface gravity and\niron abundance - Teff, log g, [Fe/H] - for the final release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies\nat APO (MaNGA) Stellar Library (MaStar), containing 59,266 per-visit-spectra for 24,290\nunique stars at intermediate resolution (푅 ∼ 1800) and high S/N (median = 96). We fit theoretical spectra from model atmospheres by both MARCS and BOSZ-ATLAS9 to the observed\nMaStar spectra, using the full spectral fitting code pPXF. We further employ a Bayesian approach, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to map the parameter space\nand obtain uncertainties. Originally in this paper, we cross match MaStar observations with\nGaia photometry, which enable us to set reliable priors and identify outliers according to\nstellar evolution. In parallel to the parameter determination, we calculate corresponding stellar\npopulation models to test the reliability of the parameters for each stellar evolutionary phase.\nWe further assess our procedure by determining parameters for standard stars such as the\nSun and Vega and by comparing our parameters with those determined in the literature from\nhigh-resolution spectroscopy (APOGEE and SEGUE) and from lower-resolution matching\ntemplate (LAMOST). The comparisons, considering the different methodologies and S/N of\nthe literature surveys, are favourable in all cases. Our final parameter catalogue for MaStar\ncover the following ranges: 2592 6 Teff 6 32983 K; −0.7 6 log g 6 5.4 dex; −2.9 6 [Fe/H]\n6 1.0 dex and will be available with the last SDSS-IV Data Release, in December 2021.
<title>Interactive degraded document enhancement and ground truth generation</title> (2007)

Degraded documents are frequently obtained in various situations. Examples of degraded document collections include historical document depositories, document obtained in legal and security investigations, and legal and medical archives. Degraded document images are hard to to read and are hard to analyze using computerized techniques. There is hence a need for systems that are capable of enhancing such images. We describe a language-independent semi-automated system for enhancing degraded document images that is capable of exploiting inter- and intra-document coherence. The system is capable of processing document images with high levels of degradations and can be used for ground truthing of degraded document images. Ground truthing of degraded document images is extremely important in several aspects: it enables quantitative performance measurements of enhancement systems and facilitates model estimation that can be used to improve performance. Performance evaluation is provided using the historical Frieder diaries collection.<sup>1</sup>
FinFET SRAM - device and circuit design considerations (2004)

The quasi-planar double-gate FinFET has emerged as one of the most likely successors to the classical planar MOSFET for ultimate scalability. Unlike planar devices, its channel width is in the vertical direction; hence it is possible to increase effective channel width (and hence drive current) per unit planar area by increasing fin-height (SOI thickness). This translates directly to improved performance in interconnect-dominated circuits. In this paper we explore the joint V/sub dd/-fin-height-V/sub t/ design space for a 65 nm FinFET SRAM. We report that 69% taller fins can accommodate 18% (140 mV) lower V/sub dd/ as well as 35 % (70 mV) higher V/sub t/ to deliver iso-performance at 87% lower sub-threshold leakage, 50% lower gate leakage, 25% lower dynamic energy, 13% higher static noise margin and 38% higher critical charge for soft-error immunity.
ZEN and the art of breast health maintenance (2011)

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal mycoestrogen that widely contaminates agricultural products. ZEN and its derivatives share similar molecular mechanisms and activity with estrogens and interact with ERα and ERβ leading to changes in the reproductive system in both animals and humans. The reduced form of ZEN, α-ZEA ralenol, has been used as an anabolic agent for animals and also proposed as hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, both zearelanol ZEN and derivatives have been patented as oral contraceptives. ZEN has been widely used in the United States since 1969 to improve fattening rates in cattle by increasing growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Evidence of human harm from this practice is provided by observations of central precocious puberty. As a result, this practice has been banned by the European Union. As ZEN has been associated with breast enlargement in humans, it has been included in many bust-enhancing dietary supplements but epidemiological evidence is lacking with regard to breast cancer risk. Extensive work with human breast cancer cell lines has shown estrogenic stimulation in those possessing ER but a reduction in DMBA-induced breast cancers in rodents given ZEN. Protein disulfide isomerase provides a molecular biomarker of dietary exposure to ZEN and its derivatives allowing the detection and control of harmful food intake. The interaction of ZEN with anti-estrogens, anticancer agents and antioxidants requires further investigation.