gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation Phenomenon and Subunit Nature of Follicle-stimulating Hormone from Human Pituitary Glands (1971)

Abstract Sedimentation rate as a function of protein concentration obtained by ultracentrifugation has revealed the dissociation of follicle-stimulating hormone at concentrations below 0.5%; extrapolation to zero protein concentration indicated two s20,w values of 1.98 and 2.89 S, suggesting the existence of a monomer-dimer system. With the s20,w of 2.89 S, diffusion coefficient of 7.504 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1, and a partial specific volume of 0.72 calculated from the amino acid analysis, the molecular weight of the undissociated follicle-stimulating hormone was calculated to be 32,600, which is in good agreement with the value of 31,000 ± 600 obtained for the weight average molecular weight by sedimentation equilibrium studies. Stokes radii of the unlabeled and 131I-labeled follicle-stimulating hormones were determined by molecular sieve chromatography to be 31.3 and 23.7 A, respectively, supporting the dissociation of the follicle-stimulating hormone at lower concentrations. Treatment of the follicle-stimulating hormone with 8 m urea yielded an s20,w of 0.61 ± 0.10 S. Ion exchange chromatography of the urea-treated hormone on diethyl amino ethyl Sephadex A-50 resulted in the separation of two subunits designated as α and β. Incubation of the α and β subunits (1:1 w/w) resulted in a 400% augmentation of the biological activity of the subunits, exhibiting recombination of the subunits. Disc electrophoreses of the α and β subunits showed two basic and three acidic bands, respectively, suggesting microheterogeneity. Acid hydrolysates (24-, 48-, and 72-hour) of the follicle-stimulating hormone, and 24-hour acid hydrolysates of the subunits were analyzed for amino acids. Amino acid analysis of the follicle-stimulating hormone revealed a total of 236 amino acid residues for a molecular weight of 32,600. A comparison of the amino acid analyses of the subunits indicates higher quantities of histidine, methionine, and glycine, and lower quantities of proline, cysteine, and tyrosine in the α subunit than in the β subunit. The disc electrophoreses, amino acid analyses, and bioassays indicate that the α and β subunits are two nonidentical, noncovalently linked components of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Effect of Occupant Weight and Initial Position in Low-to-High Speed Rear Sled Tests with Older and Modern Seats (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The average body weight of the US population has increased over time. This study investigates the effect of increasing weight on seat and occupant responses in 15-18 km/h and 42 km/h rear sled tests. The effect of initial occupant posture is also discussed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Seven tests were conducted with lap-shoulder belted ATDs (anthropometric test device) placed on older and modern driver seats. Four tests were conducted with a 50th percentile male Hybrid III, two with 95th percentile male Hybrid III and one with a BioRID. The ATDs were ballasted to represent a Class I or II obese occupant in three tests.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The tests were matched by seat model and sled velocity. The effect of occupant weight was assessed in three matches. The results indicated an increase in seatback deflection with increasing occupant weight. For example, the average dynamic deflection was 2.8-times greater with a ballasted 95th ATD than with a 50th ATD (20.2 v 7.3 degree) in the 15-18 km/h sled tests and 1.4-times greater with a 95th ATD than with a 50th ATD (35.4 v 25.3 degree) in the 42 km/h sled tests.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of initial posture was assessed with an obese Class I 50th ATD initially placed in-position versus leaning inboard. Being out-of-position led to increased occupant loading due to inertial loads from the unsupported portion of the ATD. The thoracic-spine extension moment was 1.3-times greater (−155 Nm v −123 Nm) when the ATD was out-of-position than in-position.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;All biomechanical responses were below the relevant injury assessment reference values (IARV) for head, neck and chest. The highest responses relative to IARVs were for lower neck extension in the 17 km/h out-of-position test, which was recorded up to 44.7% of the IARV. The lower neck extension moment increased with occupant weight in the Expedition seat. It was similar with the F-250 and Mustang seat. Additionally, lower neck extension was 1.2-times greater when leaning inboard than when positioned in a nominal driving position. The highest normalized responses were chest acceleration in the 42 km/h tests, at 30.3% with the 50th and 28.6% with the 95th ATD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results highlight an increase in seatback rotation with occupant weight. Seatback rotation was lower in modern than in older seats. Seat strength, occupant weight, seating position and crash severity influence occupant kinematics and loading in rear impacts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The anonymous actor - ethics and screen production research (2009)

All research in Australian universities involving human participants needs approval from human research ethics committees, who make judgments consistent with accepted ethical principles that have recently been captured in the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007). Making a film as an academic research project is a relatively recent phenomenon and there are apparent contradictions between the requirements for ethics approval and the accepted practice of screen production.
Poly(ethylenimine)‐mediated transfection: A new paradigm for gene delivery (2000)

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is a synthetic polycation that has been used successfully for gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo due, in theory, to a form of protection that is afforded to the carried plasmids. In this study the stability of PEI/DNA complexes was demonstrated using deoxyribonuclease (DNase) 1 and DNase 2, various levels of pH, and increasing exposure times. DNA that was complexed with PEI was not degraded when exposed to at least 25 Units of either enzyme for 24 h while uncomplexed forms of the same plasmid were digested when exposed to 0.010 Units of DNase 1 for 0.05 h or 0.003 Units of DNase 2 for 1 h. For further comparison, the stability of complexes made with poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and DNA was examined and found to be lower than that of PEI/DNA complexes; PLL-complexed DNA was digested on exposure to 1.25 Units of DNase 1 for 3 min. Cells were transfected with PEI/DNA complexes and, by using a pH indicator and optical recording techniques, it was found that the normal lysosomal pH value of 5.0 was not altered, bringing into question PEI's hypothesized lysosomal entry. Confocal microscopy showed that PEI/DNA complexes and lysosomes do not merge during transfection (although PLL/DNA complexes do). The lack of lysosomal involvement in PEI-mediated transfection is surprising because it goes against the conventional wisdom that has attempted to explain how PEI functions during transfection. PEI forms a stable complex with DNA, which moves from endocytosis to nuclear entry without significant cellular obstacles. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 51, 321–328, 2000.
Cost-minimized virtual elastic optical network provisioning with guaranteed QoS (2021)

Network virtualization is important for elastic optical networks (EONs) because of more flexible service provisioning. To ensure guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for each virtual elastic optical network (VEON), clients usually request network resources from a network operator based on their bandwidth requirements predicted from historical traffic demands. However, this may not be efficient as the actual traffic demands of users always fluctuate. To tackle this, we propose a new VEON service provisioning scheme, called SATP, which consists of three stages, i.e., spectrum assignment (SA), spectrum trading (ST), and spectrum purchasing (SP). Unlike conventional once-for-all VEON service provisioning approaches, the SATP scheme first allocates spectrum resources to VEONs according to their predicted bandwidth requirements with a satisfaction ratio α (0 < α < 1). Then, to minimize service degradation on VEONs which are short of assigned spectra for their peak traffic periods, the scheme allows VEONs to trade spectra with each other according to their actual bandwidth requirements. Finally, it allows VEON clients to purchase extra spectrum resources from a network operator if the spectrum resources are still insufficient. To optimize this entire process, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and also develop efficient heuristic algorithms for each stage to handle large test scenarios. Simulations are conducted under different test conditions for both static and dynamic traffic demand scenarios. Results show that the proposed SATP scheme is efficient and can achieve significant performance improvement under both static and dynamic scenarios.
Structural and morphological studies of CuIn(1-x)AlxS2 deposited by spray on various substrates (2009)

International audience
Evaluation of Prunus cerasus Germplasm for Cold Resistance (1998)

Knowledge of the level of cold stress resistance and how this resistance is inherited in sour cherry is essential to cultivar development and future germplasm collection. Twig and flower bud samples of two sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.), 12 sour cherries ( Prunus cerasus L.), and one ground ( Prunus fruticosa Pall.) were collected once a month from Aug. 1990 to Mar. 1991, preconditioned, and subjected to freeze tests and differential thermal analysis. LTEs were detected in all stems of P. cerasus investigated and were strongly correlated to xylem ITs in December to March. LTEs were strongly correlated to phloem-cambium ITs in November. Xylem ITs were the selected method for evaluating sour cherry cold resistance in December to March. Phloem-cambium ITs were the selected method for November. The degree of hardiness of the phloem-cambium in late fall and early spring is a factor determining P. cerasus germplasm geographic distribution and commercial production. The principal component (PC) analyses, of the phloem-cambium and cortical tissues, depict gradations between minimum survival temperatures of the two presumed progenitor species of sour cherry, sweet cherry and ground cherry suggesting that cold is a major selective force, contributing to sour cherry population variation.
A Novel Photonic-Based MIMO Radar Architecture With All Channels Sharing a Single Transceiver (2019)

A novel photonic-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar architecture is reported based on optical frequency combs and dispersion induced wavelength-dependent time delay. Using the proposed system architecture, we only need one photonic-based radar waveform generator at the transmitter side, whereas only a single receiver, consisting of a photodetector, a low-pass filter and an analog-to-digital convertor, is required at the receiver side. The key significance of the work is that all channels of the MIMO radar system share a single photonic-based transceiver, which can solve the bottleneck problem that has long restricted the application of MIMO radar with a large-scale antenna array, i.e., each channel in a MIMO radar system needs an independent transmitter and an independent receiver. The proposed photonic-based MIMO radar architecture is analyzed, demonstrated and verified by simulation using a 10 × 10 MIMO radar system and a 15 × 15 MIMO radar system. The maximum MIMO radar array size that can be supported by the system architecture is also discussed, and constraints on the number of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas are theoretically given.
Writing and Translation of English Abstract of Journal Papers (2002)

is an important section of journal papers. It is consisted of English title, the author's name and unit, English abstract and
Contribution of Histidine Residues to the Conformational Stability of Ribonuclease (1990)

The pK values of the histidine residues in ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) are unusually high: 7.8 (His-92), 7.9 (His-40), and 7.3 (His-27) (Inagaki et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1185-11951, In the RNase T1 mutant Glu-58 -+ Ala, the first two pK values are reduced to 7.4 (His-92) and 7.1 (His-40). These lower pKs were expected since His-92 (5.5 A) and His-40 (3.7 A) are in close proximity to Glu-58 at the active site. The conformational stability of RNase T1 increases by over 4 kcal/mol between pH 9 and 5, and this can be entirely accounted for by the greater affinity for protons by the His residues in the folded protein (average pK = 7.6) than in the unfolded protein (pK = 6.6). Thus, almost half of the net con- formational stability of RNase T1 results from a difference between the pK values of the histidine residues in the folded and unfolded conformations. In the Glu-58 - Ala mutant, the increase in stability between pH 9 and 5 is halved (2 kcal/mol), as expected on the basis of the lower pK values for the His residues in the folded protein (average pK = 7.1). As a consequence, RNase T1 is more stable than the mutant below pH 7.5, and less stable above pH 7.5. These results emphasize the importance of measuring the conformational stability as a function of pH when
The transcriptional landscape of basidiosporogenesis in mature Pisolithus microcarpus basidiocarp (2017)

Our results show that basidiocarp formation in P. microcarpus involves a complex array of genes that are regulated throughout peridiole development. We identified waves of transcripts with coordinated regulation and identified transcription factors which may play a role in this regulation. This is the first work to describe gene expression patterns during basidiocarp formation in an ectomycorrhizal gasteromycete fungus and sheds light on genes that may play important roles in the developmental process.
Lightweight and Self Adaptive Model for Domain Invariant Bearing Fault Diagnosis (2023)

While the current machine fault diagnosis is affected by the rarity of cross conditional fault data in practice, efficient implementation of these diagnosis models on resource constrained devices is another active challenge. Given such constraints, an ideal fault diagnosis model should not be either generalizable across the shifting domains or lightweight, but rather a combination of both, generalizable while being minimalistic. Preferably being uninformed about the domain shift. Addressing these computational and data centric challenges, we propose a novel methodology, Convolutional Auto-encoder and Nearest Neighbors based self adaptation (SCAE-NN), that adapts its fault diagnosis model to the changing conditions of a machine. We implemented SCAE-NN for various cross-domain fault diagnosis tasks and compared its performance against the state-of-the-art domain invariant models. Compared to the SOTA, SCAE-NN is at least 6− 7% better at predicting fault classes across conditions, while being more than 10 times smaller in size and latency. Moreover, SCAE-NN does not need any labelled target domain data for the adaptation, making it suitable for practical data scarce scenarios.
Measurements on thin-film high-Tc superconductors (1989)

We report on the fabrication and properties of high-T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> superconducting films, and discuss the possible origin of the linear resistivity. We further discuss the c-axis conductivity. We present data to show that the coherence length is 12 Å parallel to the plane and 2 Å perpendicular to the plane in the superconducting state. Tunneling data show that the energy gap is large, with 2Δ/kT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> ≈ 7.
Statistical Analysis of Dynamic Coding and Modulation Theater Level Gains (2006)

High speed connectivity provides C4I and enables small unit rapid deployment at a unit of action (UA) level. This new operating paradigm will require a shift in the way the DoD plans, provisions and operates satellite links. Currently most satellite links are designed for worst case, or near worst case, operating conditions with the modulation and coding chosen to insure link closure between 97% and 99.5% of the time. This results in a substantial waste of link margin and a loss of spectral efficiency since that margin is seldom required. Dynamic coding and modulation (DCM) has been used in commercial networks to improve spectral efficiency and increase the number of users that can be supported with limited spectrum. DCM achieves this performance by adaptively changing modulation, coding and channel rate as environmental and link conditions changes. This allows RF links to operate with much smaller margins than is possible given static link operations. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of DCM for the MILSATCOM architecture. The authors describe a statistical link simulation model for estimating the advantage of DCM. The model was used to analyze the spectral requirements for a major theater of war containing over 1500 terminals. The paper analyzes a Korean theater scenario consisting of 7 FCS units of action (UA) and 6 BCT brigades as well as six UEx units and one UEy unit. The analysis was performed for a regenerative TSAT-like SATCOM architecture using advanced modulation. The paper compares static link operation to DCM operation and estimates gain in terms of spectral efficiency and transmit/receive burst rate. The results are presented as a function of link margin for a number of deployable army terminal classes, and as a theater aggregate. For the COTM terminal class, the results show that overall theater uplink spectral efficiency gains of 1.5x to 2x, and average burst rate increase of 2x to 4x are possible in high rain rate regions using DCM versus traditional planning and provisioning approaches.
Innovative capabilities and strategic alliances: Who is gaining what in the pharmaceutical industry? (2007)

There have been several respected studies, from a capability-based perspective, pointing to the emergence of a new division of innovative labour in the pharmaceutical industry over the past decades. We still, however, miss empirical evidence relative to the implications of collaborative arrangements, like strategic alliances, for the innovative capabilities of companies involved in such collaborative arrangements. Drawing on a scrutiny of specialised databases (GalÃ©, Dialog, and Business &amp; Industry) covering the 1993â€“2003 period, this paper examines the entry and exit composition of innovative capabilities of 25 pharmaceutical companies' capabilities involved in such alliances. They are organised in three groups: (i) large pharmaceutical companies ('big-pharma'); (ii) large bio-pharmaceutical companies ('bio-pharma'); and (iii) small and research-intensive companies. The evidence shows the extent to which each of these three types companies, particularly large companies, benefit from these alliances in terms of absorption of strategic pieces of innovative capabilities. Such type of evidence is important to provide researchers, corporate managers, and policy makers with a concrete notion of some features of the nature of such division of innovative labour that occurs and the actual changes going on in the structure and organisation of innovative activities in the pharmaceutical industry.
Quantitative assessment of retropulsion of the hip, excessive hip external rotation, and excessive lateral shift of the trunk over the unaffected side in hemiplegia using three-dimensional treadmill gait analysis (2016)

The proposed indices are useful for clinical gait analysis. Our results encourage a more detailed analysis of hemiplegic gait using a motion analysis system.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN AUSTRALIAN HOSPITALS AND PROPOSED STANDARDS (1971)

Electrocution of hospital patients, especially those connected to monitoring equipment, is now recognized as a significant problem, The source of lethal currents is usually earth-leakage, which may be hazardous with wiring procedures conforming to present safety standards. Modern diagnostic procedures may provide direct electrical access to the heart and consequently permit minute currents to cause death. The source of such current levels may be so obscure that death can occur when a patient is connected to equipment which is not necessarily switched on. There are a number of methods of protection available, none in Itself complete, but together forming an effective system. Normal safety standards such as exist today are inadequate, and we present the standards that we have prepared to control this problem in our hospital group.
A 13.6-69.1GHz 5.6mW Ring-Type Injection-Locked Frequency Divider by Five with >20% Continuous Locking Range and Operation up to 101.6GHz in 28nm CMOS (2021)

As RF transceivers move into the mm-wave frequency range, one of the key issues faced in the design of frequency synthesizers is that, to ensure proper operation of the phase detector, the PLL output frequency has to be scaled down before being compared with the low-frequency reference signal [1]. In this scenario, a key block is the high frequency digital prescaler, often implemented at the expense of large power consumption. As an alternative, injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) are attracting increasing interest, thanks to their low-power and low-phase-noise performance at high frequencies [2]. However, the ILFD locking range decreases with the division factor as higher-order intermixing processes are involved. Moreover, the adoption of small scale CMOS technologies, though enabling higher operating frequency, mitigate transistor nonlinearities thus lowering the achievable intermixing-gain. In this frame, pushing the design of high-order ILFD beyond 20GHz with sufficient locking range is highly challenging. In this work, a novel concurrent operation of tail and direct injectors into a ring-type ILFD by five is exploited for the first time to increase the injection efficiency and the resulting locking range for the same power consumption. A prototype ring-type 28nm-CMOS ILFD by five has been realized in a 28nm CMOS technology achieving the unprecedented performance of >20% locking range over 13.6-69.1GHz with 5.6mW maximum power consumption, and operation up to 100GHz with a 2.6% locking range. The circuit achieves the highest locking range among ILFDs by five at same frequency, and the highest operation frequency.
Natural rubber and butadiene rubber blend using diblock copolymer of isoprene–butadiene as compatibilizer (1993)

Abstract Blends of natural rubber (NR) and butadiene rubber (BR) have been studied with or without diblock copolymers of isoprene–butadiene (BIR). It was found that NR/BR blends displayed the optimal properties at about 4 wt % of BIR from the tensile measurements of NR/BR blends. Increase of molecular weight of BIR resulted in the decrease of tensile properties, but had no significant effect on their hardness. Abrasion resistance of rubber blends containing BIR was about 30% higher than that without BIR. The molecular weight of BIR did not show a remarkable effect on the abrasion index. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analyses of rubber blends suggested a two‐phase structure even in the presence of BIR. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.