gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Metabolome of Picea balfouriana Embryogenic Tissues That Were Linked to Different Levels of 6-BAP by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Approach (2015)

Embryogenic cultures of Picea balfouriana, which is an important commercial species for reforestation in Southern China, easily lose their embryogenic ability during long-term culture. Embryogenic tissue that proliferated at lower concentrations (3.6 μM and 2.5 μM) of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) were more productive, and generated 113 ± 6 and 89 ± 3 mature embryos per 100 mg embryogenic tissue, respectively. A metabolomic approach was used to study the changes in metabolites linked to embryogenic competence related to three different 6-BAP concentrations (2.5 μM, 3.6 μM, and 5 μM). A total of 309 compounds were obtained, among which 123 metabolites mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways. The levels of 35 metabolites were significantly differentially regulated among the three 6-BAP treatments, and 32 metabolites differed between the 2.5 μM and 5 μM treatments. A total of 17 metabolites appeared only once among the three comparisons. The combination of a score plot and a loading plot showed that in the samples with higher embryogenic ability (3.6 μM and 2.5 μM), up-regulated metabolites were mostly amino acids and down-regulated metabolites were mostly primary carbohydrates (especially sugars). These results suggested that 6-BAP may influence embryogenic competence by nitrogen metabolism, which could cause an increase in amino acid levels and higher amounts of aspartate, isoleucine, and leucine in tissues with higher embryogenic ability. Furthermore, we speculated that 6-BAP may affect the amount of tryptophan in tissues, which would change the indole-3-acetic acid levels and influence the embryogenic ability.
AN ANALYSIS OF PARENTCARING BY WOMEN (1982)

This article presents a review of issues in home health, including a discussion of current political philosophy and its impact on home care, an identification of problems and barriers in the home health field, and some approaches to resolve these difficulties. Among the issues explored are the administrative structure and financing of home health agencies; manpower considerations, with particular attention to the role of nursing; business practices, productivity and the industry's image, and finally, the relationship between long-term services and acute care.
Laser‐fired rear contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells (2002)

Abstract From today's viewpoint future solar cells will be thinner, of higher efficiency and produced in greater numbers. A solar cell concept able to fit these developments could be the passivated emitter and rear cell. With a new laser‐based process (laser‐fired contacts), the rear point contact pattern of this concept can be implemented industrially. After the deposition of a dielectric passivation layer and a metal layer on top, a Nd‐YAG laser is used to alloy the contact points through the dielectric layer. Excellent efficiencies have been achieved which approach closely those of reference cells processed by photolithography. This demonstrates the high potential of the new laser‐based technique. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Functional Characterization of the Putative Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Late Domain Using Retrovirus Chimeras (2013)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) Core protein encodes a late (L)-domain like motif (129PPAYRPPNAP(138)) that has been purported to serve as a docking site for recruitment of host factors such as Nedd4 that can mediate viral particle release from infected cells. However, mutation of this region of Core typically disrupts nucleocapsid formation in the cytoplasm, making it difficult to ascertain if the Core PPAY motif constitutes a functional L-domain that mediates HBV release in the context of replicating virus. Since many viral L-domains are functionally interchangeable between different virus families, and such swapping experiments have been used as a tool to identify other viral sequences with L-domain activity, we generated chimeric constructs between murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag and HBV Core to determine if the potential HBV L-domain motif is sufficient to stimulate virus release. We found that the HBV Core PPAY motif, but not the PNAP motif, demonstrates L-domain activity in the context of MLV replication to direct virus release and infectious virion production. Additionally, we found that overexpression of the cellular Nedd4 or WWP1 ubiquitin ligases stimulates release of a partially defective PPAY domain mutant, providing further evidence supporting a role for the Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase in promoting HBV release. These studies lend further insight into the mechanisms used by HBV to mediate its release from infected cells.
Study on a new probability integral 3D model for forecasting solution mining subsidence of rock salt (2007)

Forecasting the mining subsidence is a prerequisite for reducing or preventing the mining subsidence tragedy. But it is hard to apply the traditional probability integral to forecasting the complex solution mining subsidence. So sufficiently considering the anisotropic overburden under complex geological conditions and the irregular rock salt cavern, a new probability integral 3D forecast model is created. And the parameters of 3D forecast model are studied from mechanics angle; and the relation between the model parameters and overburden mechanical parameters is got. The model can exactly forecast the mining subsidence that is caused by complex geological conditions and the irregular working out area.
Dispersal of <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> Invading Dead <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> Trees through Oviposition Wounds Made by <i>Monochamus alternatus</i> and Transfer of the Nematodes to Vector Insects. (2018)

マツノザイセンチュウ（線虫）はマツ材線虫病の病原体であり，マツノマダラカミキリ（カミキリ）によって伝播される。本研究では，カミキリの産卵痕経由でクロマツ枯死木に侵入した線虫の樹体内での分散様式，およびカミキリ成虫の線虫保持状況を明らかにするための実験を行った。伐倒により枯死した後カミキリ成虫に産卵されたマツ（産卵痕侵入区）と，マツ材線虫病の自然感染により枯死した後カミキリ成虫に産卵されたとみなせるマツ（自然区）の2処理区を作った。産卵痕侵入区では，カミキリの痕跡（産卵痕，幼虫の食痕，成虫の脱出孔）のない無傷の材部に線虫はほとんど存在していなかったが，自然区のマツでは高頻度で線虫が検出された。また，枯死木から脱出したカミキリ成虫の保持線虫数は両処理区間で違いがなかったが，10,000頭以上線虫を保持したカミキリ成虫の出現頻度は産卵痕侵入区の方が自然区より高かった。これらの結果から，マツ材線虫病以外の要因で枯死したマツに産卵痕経由で線虫が侵入した場合，線虫は樹体全体に拡がりにくいこと，またそのようなマツから脱出したカミキリ成虫でも，線虫を数多く運び出す可能性があることが実験的に示された。
An Investigation on Thermomechanical Flexural Response of Shape-Memory-Polymer Beams (2016)

In this paper, the predictions of different beam theories for the behavior of a shape memory polymer (SMP) beam in different steps of a thermomechanical cycle are compared. Employing the equilibrium equations, the governing equations of the deflection of a SMP beam in the different steps of a thermomechanical cycle, for higher order beam theories (Timoshenko Beam Theory and von-Kármán Beam Theory), are developed. For the Timoshenko Beam Theory, a closed form analytical solution for various steps of the thermomechanical cycle is presented. The nonlinear governing equations in von-Kármán Beam theory are numerically solved. Results reveal that in the various beam length to beam thickness ratios, one of the beam theories provides the most accurate results. In other words, employing the Euler–Bernoulli Beam Theory for developing the governing equations, especially in the large and small beam length to beam thickness ratios, leads to erroneous results.
Gelenkbeteiligung bei Akromegalie (2018)

Zusammenfassung Die Akromegalie ist eine seltene Erkrankung, welche in den meisten Fällen aus einer hypophysären Überproduktion von Wachstumshormon (GH – Growth Hormone) resultiert. Der in der Folge anhaltende IGF-1(Insulin like Growth Factor-1)-Exzess bewirkt zahlreiche morphologische und metabolische Veränderungen des Organismus inklusive Organomegalie, arterieller Hypertonie und Diabetes mellitus. Insbesondere die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität nimmt zu, diese ist auch hauptverantwortlich für vermehrte Sterblichkeit der Betroffenen. Wiewohl nicht prognoseentscheidend, manifestiert sich die Erkrankung gleichfalls am Bewegungsapparat. Drei Komplikationen sind relevant: eine Arthropathie größerer Gelenke, lumbale Wirbelsäulenveränderungen sowie das Karpaltunnelsyndrom. Die Behandlung dieser Komplikationen unterscheidet sich nicht von der Therapie anderer Krankheitsmanifestationen: entscheidend ist die Beseitigung des GH-/IGF-1-Exzesses. Je früher die Diagnose gestellt und die Behandlung eingeleitet wird, desto besser ist die Prognose, sind doch ossäre/artikuläre Veränderungen in vielen Fällen irreversibel.
Propionate Formation from Cellulose and Soluble Sugars by Combined Cultures of Bacteroides succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium (1973)

Succinate is formed as an intermediate but not as a normal end product of the bovine rumen fermentation. However, numerous rumen bacteria are present, e.g., Bacteroides succinogenes, which produce succinate as a major product of carbohydrate fermentation. Selenomonas ruminantium, another rumen species, produces propionate via the succinate or randomizing pathway. These two organisms were co-cultured to determine if S. ruminantium could decarboxylate succinate produced by B. succinogenes. When energy sources used competitively by both species, i.e. glucose or cellobiose, were employed, no succinate was found in combined cultures, although a significant amount was expected from the numbers of Bacteroides present. The propionate production per S. ruminantium was significantly greater in combined than in single S. ruminantium cultures, which indicated that S. ruminantium was decarboxylating the succinate produced by B. succinogenes. S. ruminantium, which does not use cellulose, grew on cellulose when co-cultured with B. succinogenes. Succinate, but not propionate, was produced from cellulose by B. succinogenes alone. Propionate, but no succinate, accumulated when the combined cultures were grown on cellulose. These interspecies interactions are models for the rumen ecosystem interactions involved in the production of succinate by one species and its decarboxylation to propionate by a second species.
Airborne laser swath mapping: results from project laser (1998)

During October 1996, the University of Florida, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Florida Department of Transportation and the United States Geological Survey-Center for Coastal Geology and Regional Marine Studies jointly conducted a demonstration/test project of airborne laser swath mapping. Project Laser Swath-mapping Evaluation and Resurvey, included mapping of more than three hundred kilometers of beaches, stretching from Mexico Beach, just east of Panama City, Florida, to the western tip of Perdido Key, Alabama. The observations collected along the beaches included returns from the water surface at a number of inlets and from near short portions of the Gulf. The typical flying altitude during the tests was 350 meters above the surface, with an airspeed of 75 meters per second. The laser swatch mapping system operated at 5000 pulses per second, and scanned in a saw tooth pattern with a scan angle of plus and minus 15 degrees and a scan rate of 25 Hz. More than 50 million data points were collected in about three hours of operations, spread over three days. Proprietary computer software was used by the vendor to combine aircraft orientation (roll, pitch and yaw) values from an inertial navigation unit in the laser scanning unit, the angular orientation of the scanner mirror, and the range data to compute vectors from the aircraft to the reflecting surface. These vectors were added to the location of the aircraft, determined by phase difference kinematic Global Positioning System observations to compute the coordinates of the reflecting surface at each measurement epoch, expressed in UTM Northings and Eastings and ellipsoid heights. Commercial software was then used to create a variety of products, including 3D shaded relief `snapshots,' contour maps, false colored maps, cross sections and profiles. Repeat coverage was used to estimate the short term repeatability of the measurements and comparisons with cross sections from classical surveying methods were used to estimate the accuracy of the airborne laser swath mapping results.
A Review of the Use of and Resistance to Antibiotics in China A Way Forward to Reduce Resistance (2016)

Antimicrobial resistance has been representing a threat to the successful treatment of infections in China. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is closely related to inappropriate and therefore excessive use of antimicrobial agents, which wastes limited health resources, brings a substantial financial burden and poor outcomes for individuals. We review the current situation with regards to use of and resistance to antibiotics, and analyze the challenges as well as future paths to reduce AMR in China.
The role of cathepsin D in the invasiveness of human breast cancer cells. (1993)

The aspartyl protease cathepsin D has been shown to be a marker of poor prognosis when found at high levels in primary breast tumors. It has been suggested that this is because the production of cathepsin D increases the invasive potential of the tumor cells, thus increasing the probability of metastasis. We have therefore conducted experiments to determine if secreted cathepsin D makes a significant contribution to the invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells in the Boyden chamber assay of invasion, which measures the ability of a cell to invade through an artificial basement membrane. Cathepsin D secretion and Boyden chamber invasiveness were measured in nine clones of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and no correlation was found between cathepsin secretion and invasive behavior. Invasion assays were also conducted in the presence of the aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin A, and no inhibition of the invasive behavior of cells was seen. Since low-pH environments are required for both the activation of pro-cathepsin D and the activity of the mature enzyme, assays were also conducted in the presence of chloroquine to neutralize the pH in the acidic compartments of the cells. This treatment did not inhibit invasiveness. Cathepsin D secretion by the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-435s, MDA-MB-468, SK-Br-3, and MCF-7-ADRr was also measured. Again, there was no correlation with invasion. In fact, cathepsin D levels were inversely correlated with aggressive behavior in vivo and in vitro in previously reported studies. These data suggest that cathepsin D secretion by tumor cells is not an important determinant of the invasiveness of the tumor cells per se. These data also reinforce the view that the poor prognosis in clinical breast cancer linked to high tumor levels of cathepsin D is probably due to high levels of cathepsin D in the stromal components of the tumor such as infiltrating inflammatory cells.
The expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) in the synovial membrane of human temporomandibular joint with internal derangement: a comparison with tenascin expression (1999)

We examined the expression of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in 28 human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) samples (internal derangement of TMJ and control specimens) by an immunohistological method using paraffin-embedded tissues and a polyclonal antibody specific to human TGF-beta. The resulting reaction of TGF-beta expression divided into three types as follows. The first type, around the fibrocyte and in the lacunae of chondrocytes in the disc. The second type, at the stroma of the mildly hypertrophic synovial membrane and severely hypertrophic synovial membrane. The first type was observed in all the cases including the control cases. The second type showed only in the internal derangement of TMJ, and its expression pattern resembled that of tenascin (TN) within the stroma of hypertrophic synovial membranes. In conclusion, TGF-beta and TN were distributed in the affected synovial membrane of TMJ with internal derangement. These findings suggested that TGF-beta and TN might have a close relationship with synovitis, followed by tissue repair.
HTGR Fuel performance basis (1982)

The safety characteristics of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) during normal and accident conditions are determined in part by HTGR fuel performance. During normal operation, less than 0.1% fuel failure occurs, primarily from defective particles. This low fuel failure fraction limits circulating activity to acceptable levels. During severe accidents, the radiological consequence is influenced by high-temperature fuel particle behavior. An empirical fuel failure model, supported by recent experimental data, is presented. The onset of significant fuel particle failure occurs at temperatures in excess of 1600/sup 0/C, and complete fuel failure occurs at 2660/sup 0/C. This indicates that the fuel is more retentive at higher temperatures than previously assumed. The more retentive nature of the fuel coupled with the high thermal capacitance of the core results in slow release of fission products from the core during severe accidents.
Prediction of far-field wind turbine noise propagation with parabolic equation (2016)

Sound propagation of wind farms is typically simulated by the use of engineering tools that are neglecting some atmospheric conditions and terrain effects. Wind and temperature profiles, however, can affect the propagation of sound and thus the perceived sound in the far field. A better understanding and application of those effects would allow a more optimized farm operation towards meeting noise regulations and optimizing energy yield. This paper presents the parabolic equation (PE) model development for accurate wind turbine noise propagation. The model is validated against analytic solutions for a uniform sound speed profile, benchmark problems for nonuniform sound speed profiles, and field sound test data for real environmental acoustics. It is shown that PE provides good agreement with the measured data, except upwind propagation cases in which turbulence scattering is important. Finally, the PE model uses computational fluid dynamics results as input to accurately predict sound propagation for complex flows such as wake flows. It is demonstrated that wake flows significantly modify the sound propagation characteristics.
The hot Hagedorn Universe (2016)

In the context of the half-centenary of Hagedorn temperature and the statistical bootstrap model (SBM) we present a short account of how these insights coincided with the establishment of the hot big-bang model (BBM) and helped resolve some of the early philosophical difficulties. We then turn attention to the present day context and show the dominance of strong interaction quark and gluon degrees of freedom in the early stage, helping to characterize the properties of the hot Universe. We focus attention on the current experimental insights about cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuation, and develop a much improved understanding of the neutrino freeze-out, in this way paving the path to the opening of a direct connection of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) physics in the early Universe with the QCD-lattice, and the study of the properties of QGP formed in the laboratory.
Personal wireless communications: a challenge in radiowave propagation modelling (2002)

A deterministic technique for radiowave propagation modelling applicable to future personal wireless communication systems is proposed. Results from a research programme formulated to assess the feasibility of using ray-methods in this role are presented. These results clearly illustrate the considerable potential that the technique may offer system planners.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimized graded index two-mode optical fiber with low DMD, large A_eff and low bending loss (2013)

An optimized two-mode optical fiber (TMF) with the graded index (GI) profile is designed and fabricated. We clarify an appropriate region of GI-TMF satisfying DMD = 0 ps/km, the large effective area A(eff), and the low bending loss for LP(11) at 1550 nm. According to our fiber design, GI-TMF is successfully fabricated to have the large effective area A(eff) of 150 μm(2) for LP(01) mode, and low DMD below 36 ps/km including zero in the C-band. We expect that our design GI-TMF is suitable for MDM and can reduce MIMO-DSP complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Structure‐Based Design of Anion Receptors (2010)

Abstract Review: 67 refs.
Repair of a Large Wound of the Back, Post-Mohs Micrographical Excision, Using Chronic Skin Expansion (2003)

Provided that there is not a great probability of the neoplasm extending significantly deeper or wider than expected and that the skin expander is placed so as not to disturb the plane of Mohs excision, this is a useful technique to close large Mohs defects.
DoS & DDoS in Named Data Networking (2013)

With the growing realization that current Internet protocols are reaching the limits of their senescence, several ongoing research efforts aim to design potential next-generation Internet architectures. Although they vary in maturity and scope, in order to avoid past pitfalls, these efforts seek to treat security and privacy as fundamental requirements. Resilience to Denialof-Service (DoS) attacks that plague today’s Internet is a major issue for any new architecture and deserves full attention. In this paper, we focus on DoS in Named Data Networking (NDN) – a specific candidate for next-generation Internet architecture designs. By naming data instead of its locations, NDN transforms data into a first-class entity and makes itself an attractive and viable approach to meet the needs for many current and emerging applications. It also incorporates some basic security features that mitigate classes of attacks that are commonly seen today. However, NDN’s resilience to DoS attacks has not been analyzed to-date. This paper represents a first step towards assessment and possible mitigation of DoS in NDN. After identifying and analyzing several new types of attacks, it investigates their variations, effects and counter-measures. This paper also sheds some light on the debate about relative virtues of self-certifying, as opposed to human-readable, names in the context of content-centric networking.
Near-field optical potential for a neutral atom (2000)

We study an effective interaction potential between a neutral atom and a nanometric probe tip in optical near-field systems. The wave-number dependence of the coupling coefficients of exciton polaritons is described with the effective-mass approximation, where massive virtual photons are exchanged between the atom and the probe tip. The near-field optical potential is shown as the sum of the Yukawa functions with several kinds of effective masses or interaction ranges, and is characterized in terms of detuning for the resonance energies of the atom and the probe tip. Consequently, we find that a potential minimum is produced for a blue detuning case. This result indicates that an atom can be trapped in the near-field optical potential well. Furthermore, we numerically investigate deflection and trapping of a single atom by means of optical near fields generated from a nanometric probe tip. The dependence on the probe-tip size, the kinetic energy of the cold atom, and the excitation energies of both probe tip and atom is clarified.