gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution, Structure, and Dynamics of Cesium and Iodide Ions at the H2O−CCl4and H2O−Vapor Interfaces (2006)

Molecular dynamics simulations utilizing many-body potentials of H2O-CCl4 and H2O-vapor interfaces were carried out at different cesium and iodide ion concentrations to compare ion distribution, interfacial orientational and structural properties, and dynamics. It was found that cesium was repelled by both interfaces, and iodide was active at both interfaces, but to a much greater degree at the H2O-vapor interface. At the interface, the iodide dipole was strongly induced, orienting perpendicular to the interface for both systems, leading to stronger hydrogen bonds with water. For the H2O-CCl4 interface, though, there was a compensation between these strong hydrogen bonds and short to moderate ranged repulsion between iodide and CCl4. Hydrogen bond distance and angular distributions showed weaker water-water hydrogen bonds at both interfaces, but generally stronger water-iodide hydrogen bonds. Both translational and rotational dynamics of water were faster at the interface, while for CCl4, its translational dynamics was slower, but rotational dynamics faster at the interface. For many of the studied systems and species, translational diffusion was found to be anisotropic at both interfacial and bulk regions.
Smart Polymersomes: Formation, Characterisation and Applications (2013)

The term polymersome, which refers to a fully synthetic polymeric vesicle, became commonplace around the turn of the millennium. Since then these highly intriguing structures have been at the center of multi-disciplinary research, bridging the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and imaging and, more recently, pioneering the field of synthetic biology. As structures they offer greater control into understanding the relationship between amphiphile properties and membrane curvature. Moreover, as delivery vectors for therapeutic and diagnostic compounds they enable greater efficiency of current therapies and targeted delivery. With the rising costs of both healthcare and drug development, polymersomes and nanomedicine are well placed to combat these modern-day problems. This chapter provides an overview of the approaches to prepare and to characterize polymersomes as well as their applications in biomedicine, highlighting recent achievements in the stimuli-responsive drug delivery field.
The Prevalence of Chronic Diseases among Migrants in Korea According to Their Length of Stay and Residential Status (2012)

Longer length of stay correlated to higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity among some population of migrants. So more researches and new developing policies are needed for this problem.
Modified slot bow‐tie antenna for UWB applications (2007)

Abstract A modified slot Bow‐Tie antenna is presented in this article. The presented modified antenna shows improvement in the VSWR previous reported results. Moreover, the dispersion characteristics of the antenna both in frequency and time domains have been analyzed and illustrated as well. The satisfactory agreement between experimental and simulation results proves the applicability of the antenna in UWB communications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 429–432, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23131
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system of Simvastatin using natural and synthetic permeation enhancers (2014)

The aim of the present investigation was to develop a suitable matrix type transdermal drug delivery system of simvastatin in order to overcome their side effects by oral application. The feasibility of development of transdermal system of simvastatin was investigated. Penetration enhancing potential of natural (olive oil, sunflower oil and jojoba oil) and synthetic permeation enhancers (span 20, oleic acid and dimethylsulfoxide) on in-vitro permeation of simvastatin across rat skin was studied. A total of 18 matrix patches were prepared by using blends of HPMC K4M (a hydrophilic polymer) and ethylcellulose (a hydrophobic polymer), dibutylthalate as plasticizer and natural and synthetic permeation enhancers in chloroform and methanol (1:1) as a solvent system. The formulations were characterized including uniformity of weight, drug content, moisture content, moisture uptake, flatness, folding endurance and thickness to study the stability of the formulations and in vitro dissolution of the experimental formulations were also performed to determine the drug distribution in the matrix. Drug–excipient interaction studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. In vitro dissolution studies showed that the drug distribution in the matrix was homogeneous and it was found that the maximum drug release in 24 hrs was 95.28±1.24% with formulation B3 (containing 10% olive oil). In vitro skin permeation study was also conducted in a modified Franz's diffusion cell, the film F3 (span 20; 10%) exhibited the greatest % cumulative drug permeated (91.93 ± 2.03%) in 24 h, which was significant (p<0.05; t-test) than formulation containing no permeation enhancer. Optimized formulations (B3 and F3) were found to be suitable for formulating in terms of physicochemical characteristics and there was no significant interaction noticed between the drug and polymers used.
Adam33 polymorphisms are associated with COPD and lung function in long-term tobacco smokers (2009)

Variation in ADAM33 has been shown to be important in the development of asthma and altered lung function. This relationship however, has not been investigated in the population susceptible to COPD; long term tobacco smokers. We evaluated the association between polymorphisms in ADAM33 gene with COPD and lung function in long term tobacco smokers. Caucasian subjects, at least 50 year old, who smoked ≥ 20 pack-years (n = 880) were genotyped for 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADAM33. COPD was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio < 70% and percent-predicted (pp)FEV1 < 75% (n = 287). The control group had an FEV1/FVC ratio ≥ 70% and ppFEV1 ≥ 80% (n = 311) despite ≥ 20 pack years of smoking. Logistic and linear regressions were used for the analysis. Age, sex, and smoking status were considered as potential confounders. Five SNPs in ADAM33 were associated with COPD (Q-1, intronic: p < 0.003; S1, Ile → Val: p < 0.003; S2, Gly → Gly: p < 0.04; V-1 intronic: p < 0.002; V4, in 3' untranslated region: p < 0.007). Q-1, S1 and V-1 were also associated with ppFEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and ppFEF25–75 (p values 0.001 – 0.02). S2 was associated with FEV1/FVC ratio (p < 0.05). The association between S1 and residual volume revealed a trend toward significance (p value < 0.07). Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analyses suggested that S1 had the strongest degree of association with COPD and pulmonary function abnormalities. Five SNPs in ADAM33 were associated with COPD and lung function in long-term smokers. Functional studies will be needed to evaluate the biologic significance of these polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of COPD.
POLAR (2005)

We describe POLAR, a portable, optical see-through, low-cost augmented reality system, which allows a user to see annotated views of small to medium-sized physical objects in an unencumbered way. No display or tracking equipment needs to be worn. We describe the system design, including a hybrid IR/vision head-tracking solution, and present examples of simple augmented scenes. POLAR's compactness could allow it to be used as a lightweight and portable PC peripheral for providing mobile users with on-demand AR access in field work.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensor for Real‐Time and Label‐Free Monitoring of Fine Saccharide Metabolic Pathways (2007)

A ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for the discrimination of the fine saccharide structure, and for the label-free monitoring of various saccharide conversion reactions that are involved in biological saccharometabolism has been developed. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z700364_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cell Envelope and Shape of Escherichia coli K12 (1973)

Rod-shaped "ghosts" that are free of murein have been isolated from E. coli. The shape of these "ghosts" is maintained by a unit membrane soluble in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Ghosts consist of about 20-30% phospholipid (almost exclusively phosphatidylethanolamine) and 50-60% protein; a large fraction of the remaining material is lipopolysaccharide. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis reveals 4-5 different bands corresponding to molecular weights between 10,000 and 40,000. Treatment of ghosts with Pronase reduces this number to 3, and the rod shape still is not lost. Results of treatment of ghosts with a crude extract from Dictyostelium discoideum have supplied tentative evidence that at least one of these proteins is involved in the maintenance of rod shape. It does not appear too unlikely that these polypeptide chains are the final products of the genetic information specifying cellular shape.
Photonuclear Reactions in Lightning: 2. Comparison Between Observation and Simulation Model (2020)

Abstract During a winter thunderstorm on 6 February 2017 in Japan, photonuclear reactions such as 14 N( γ , n ) 13 N were triggered by a downward terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF), as reported by Enoto et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24630 ). In the present paper, we compare the observation with a simulation model of downward TGFs and subsequent photonuclear reactions constructed by the first paper of the series and Wada, Enoto, Nakazawa, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.123.061103 ). The observation and model consist of three components: annihilation gamma rays from positrons produced by β + ‐decay nuclei, deexcitation gamma rays originating from neutron captures, and radiation doses by TGF photons. Each component of the observation is reproduced by the simulation model, and we constrain a relation between the number of avalanche electrons and their production altitude of the downward TGF. The constraints by three components match within an order of magnitude. The downward TGF is estimated to comprise (0.5–2.5) × 10 19 avalanche electrons above 1 MeV produced at an altitude of 1.4–2.7 km. Despite differences in altitude, direction, and season, downward TGFs in winter thunderstorms are thought to have the same mechanism of electron acceleration and multiplication in lightning as TGFs observed by in‐orbit satellites.
Electron beamline design for the Los Alamos National Laboratory 1 kW FEL (1996)

This paper describes the electron beam simulations for a 1 kW average power FEL. The experiment utilizes the existing AFEL accelerator. An expected 6% total efficiency of electron beam power to optical power gives 17 kW of electron beam power for 1 kW of optical power. A constraint on the beamline design is that the FEL electron beamline and optical components must fit on the existing AFEL 6 ft. high by 10 ft. long optical table. The components include electron beam diagnostics, a 2 meter long wiggler, bending magnets, and optical feedback components. The electron beam design point is 300 A peak current, 17 MeV energy, 7.5 {pi} mm-mrad effective normalized rms emittance and 6 nC micropulse charge. The electron beamline will have greater than 99% transmission. The wiggler will have weak (natural) two plane focusing to maintain the electron beam size in the long wiggler. The beamline after the wiggler has to transport a beam with a 14 to 18 MeV energy spread and an average energy of 16 MeV.
Immune response of eel to Edwardsiella tarda lipid. (1986)

To confirm the properties of the lipid from Edwardsiella tarda as immunosuppressor in the eel, suggested by previous studies, lipid extracted from the whole cell (Lipid), crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS), formalin killed cell (FKC) and whole cell without lipid (CWL) were injected intramuscularly in the eels. To compare the protective effect of the preparations, the eels were challenged with live E. tarda, strain EF-1.The eels immunized with the Lipid preparation did not show differences in protection against challenge in comparison with the control group, and the highest survival rate was recorded in eels immunized with the crude LPS preparation. The antibody titer of the Lipid immunization group was very low and the highest was in the crude LPS immunization group. In vitro phagocytic activity of the total blood was significantly lower in the Lipid immunization group than that found in the control group, whereas higher activity was shown in the crude LPS immunization group. The phagocytic activity of FKC and CWL immunization groups was not significantly different from that of the control group. The results confirm immunogenic properties of E. tarda lipid as immunosuppressor, which decreases the level of phagocytosis in the eel.
Object retrieval and localization with spatially-constrained similarity measure and k-NN re-ranking (2012)

One fundamental problem in object retrieval with the bag-of-visual words (BoW) model is its lack of spatial information. Although various approaches are proposed to incorporate spatial constraints into the BoW model, most of them are either too strict or too loose so that they are only effective in limited cases. We propose a new spatially-constrained similarity measure (SCSM) to handle object rotation, scaling, view point change and appearance deformation. The similarity measure can be efficiently calculated by a voting-based method using inverted files. Object retrieval and localization are then simultaneously achieved without post-processing. Furthermore, we introduce a novel and robust re-ranking method with the k-nearest neighbors of the query for automatically refining the initial search results. Extensive performance evaluations on six public datasets show that SCSM significantly outperforms other spatial models, while k-NN re-ranking outperforms most state-of-the-art approaches using query expansion.
PPAR : a dagger in the heart of the metabolic syndrome (2006)

Obesity is a growing threat to global health by virtue of its association with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively known as the metabolic syndrome or syndrome X. The nuclear receptors PPARalpha and PPARgamma are therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, respectively, and drugs that modulate these receptors are currently in clinical use. More recent work on the less-described PPAR isotype PPARdelta has uncovered a dual benefit for both hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, highlighting the broad potential of PPARdelta in the treatment of metabolic disease. PPARdelta enhances fatty acid catabolism and energy uncoupling in adipose tissue and muscle, and it suppresses macrophage-derived inflammation. Its combined activities in these and other tissues make it a multifaceted therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome with the potential to control weight gain, enhance physical endurance, improve insulin sensitivity, and ameliorate atherosclerosis.
Mapping borehole-accessed karst solutional features and culvert conduits using remote sensor technology (2011)

Prior papers have described prototype sensors that were developed to autonomously map pathway, flow velocity, and dimensions as they flow through karst conduits. The prototype sensors are equipped with sonar and magnetometers to measure conduit morphology and orientation. The sensors are developed to be approximately neutrally buoyant but have been equipped with a propulsion system to enable the sensors to negotiate around impediments in the flow channel and avoid stalling at the walls of the conduit or cave. Data collected during an excursion are downloaded from the sensor upon completion of the survey mission. An autonomous sensor was successfully used to characterize a segment in Honey Creek Cave, a wet cave in south-central Texas. Sonar proved to be effective in measuring the cave dimensions and the velocity of flow. A magnetometer was used to orient the pathway taken by the sensor. Together, these data provided a representative reproduction of the oriented morphology of the wet cave. Two variations of the initial generation of sensors have been developed to meet the requirements of projects funded by the United States Army Corps of Engineers for mapping borehole-accessed karst solution cavities and by the Federal Highway Administration for mapping, monitoring, and diagnosing damage to roadway culverts. The first variation is tethered to map karst voids intersected by a drill hole but where discharge to a spring is not anticipated. The second features an enhanced sonar scheme to overcome the extreme multipath environments found inside a partially filled metal culvert and to provide localization information in a magnetically shielded environment.
Preservation of a functional nigrostriatal dopamine pathway by GDNF in the intrastriatal 6‐OHDA lesion model depends on the site of administration of the trophic factor (2000)

Here we studied whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), given as a single bolus injection before an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion, can protect the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons against the toxin-induced damage and preserve normal motor functions in the lesioned animals. GDNF or vehicle was injected in the striatum (25 microg), substantia nigra (25 microg) or lateral ventricle (50 microg) 6 h before the 6-OHDA lesion (20 microg/3 microL). Motor function was evaluated by the stepping and drug-induced motor asymmetry tests. Lesioned animals given vehicle alone showed a clear ipsilateral-side bias in response to amphetamine (13 turns/min), a moderate contralateral-side bias to apomorphine (4.5 turns/min) and a moderate to severe stepping deficit on the contralateral forepaw (three to four steps, as compared with 11-13 steps on the unimpaired side). Injection of GDNF into the striatum had a significant protective effect both on nigrostriatal function (1-2 turns/min in the rotation tests and seven to eight steps in the stepping test), and the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway, seen as a protection of both the cell bodies in the substantia nigra and the dopamine innervation in the striatum. Injection of GDNF in the nigra had a protective effect on the nigral cell bodies, but not the striatal innervation, and failed to provide any functional benefit. In contrast, intranigral GDNF had deleterious effects on both the striatal TH-positive fibre density and on drug-induced rotation tests. Intraventricular injection had no effect. We conclude that preservation of normal motor functions in the intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesion model requires protection of striatal terminal innervation, and that this can be achieved by intrastriatal, but not nigral or intraventricular, administration of GDNF.
THE MECHANISM OF SHOCK FOLLOWING SUICIDAL DOSES OF BARBITURATES, NARCOTICS AND TRANQUILIZER DRUGS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF TREATMENT (1966)

Shock Research Unit, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, and Los Angeles County Hospital, Los Angeles, California
Improvement of Low-Frequency Response in Small Loudspeaker Systems by Means of the Stabilized Negative-Spring Principle (1971)

As a practicable means for extending the low-frequency response of small loudspeaker systems, schemes employing stabilized passive negative springs have been investigated. Experimental loudspeaker systems have been constructed and are described. A typical negative-spring loudspeaker system, consisting of a 4.3-in.-diam diaphragm in a sealed enclosure of 0.105 ft3 provides a piston displacement of 0.200 in. peak-to-peak at 65 Hz, when driven by an input power of 2.3 W into a nominal voice-coil impedance of 11 Ω.
Investigation of the laserlike behavior of polymeric scattering gain media under subpicosecond laser excitation (1999)

The narrowing effects of scatterers on the lifetime and the spectral width of the laser-induced fluorescence of organic dyes hosted in poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer sheets were studied. The excitation source was a distributed-feedback dye laser emitting 0.5-ps pulses at 496 nm. Spectral and temporal features were recorded simultaneously on a spectrograph-streak-camera detection system. The results were then compared with those obtained from dye solutions in methanol that were recorded in previous studies. The effects of the different host environments on the fluorescence characteristics of the dye were thus investigated. These effects are currently studied when the dye is inserted into human tissue in an attempt to boost tumor detection and photodynamic-therapy efficiency. Some initial results are presented.
Preparation of californium diiodide (1975)

The preparation and identification of the hexagonal and rhombohedral forms of CfI$sub 2$ are reported. (LK)
Geometric localization of thermal fluctuations in red blood cells (2017)

The thermal fluctuations of membranes and nanoscale shells affect their mechanical characteristics. Whereas these fluctuations are well understood for flat membranes, curved shells show anomalous behavior due to the geometric coupling between in-plane elasticity and out-of-plane bending. Using conventional shallow shell theory in combination with equilibrium statistical physics we theoretically demonstrate that thermalized shells containing regions of negative Gaussian curvature naturally develop anomalously large fluctuations. Moreover, the existence of special curves, "singular lines," leads to a breakdown of linear membrane theory. As a result, these geometric curves effectively partition the cell into regions whose fluctuations are only weakly coupled. We validate these predictions using high-resolution microscopy of human red blood cells (RBCs) as a case study. Our observations show geometry-dependent localization of thermal fluctuations consistent with our theoretical modeling, demonstrating the efficacy in combining shell theory with equilibrium statistical physics for describing the thermalized morphology of cellular membranes.