gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low intrinsic exercise capacity in rats predisposes to age-dependent cardiac remodeling independent of macrovascular function (2012)

Rats selectively bred for low (LCR) or high (HCR) intrinsic running capacity simultaneously present with contrasting risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. However, the impact of these phenotypes on left ventricular (LV) morphology and microvascular function, and their progression with aging, remains unresolved. We tested the hypothesis that the LCR phenotype induces progressive age-dependent LV remodeling and impairments in microvascular function, glucose utilization, and β-adrenergic responsiveness, compared with HCR. Hearts and vessels isolated from female LCR (n = 22) or HCR (n = 26) were studied at 12 and 35 wk. Nonselected N:NIH founder rats (11 wk) were also investigated (n = 12). LCR had impaired glucose tolerance and elevated plasma insulin (but not glucose) and body-mass at 12 wk compared with HCR, with early LV remodeling. By 35 wk, LV prohypertrophic and glucose transporter GLUT4 gene expression were up- and downregulated, respectively. No differences in LV β-adrenoceptor expression or cAMP content between phenotypes were observed. Macrovascular endothelial function was predominantly nitric oxide (NO)-mediated in both phenotypes and remained intact in LCR for both age-groups. In contrast, mesenteric arteries microvascular endothelial function, which was impaired in LCR rats regardless of age. At 35 wk, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated relaxation was impaired whereas the NO contribution to relaxation is intact. Furthermore, there was reduced β2-adrenoceptor responsiveness in both aorta and mesenteric LCR arteries. In conclusion, diminished intrinsic exercise capacity impairs systemic glucose tolerance and is accompanied by progressive development of LV remodeling. Impaired microvascular perfusion is a likely contributing factor to the cardiac phenotype.
Horn-Schunck Optical Flow with a Multi-Scale Strategy (2013)

The seminal work of Horn and Schunck is the first variational method for optical flow estimation. It introduced a novel framework where the optical flow is computed as the solution of a minimization problem. From the assumption that pixel intensities do not change over time, the optical flow constraint equation is derived. This equation relates the optical flow with the derivatives of the image. There are infinitely many vector fields that satisfy the optical flow constraint, thus the problem is ill-posed. To overcome this problem, Horn and Schunck introduced an additional regularity condition that restricts the possible solutions. Their method minimizes both the optical flow constraint and the magnitude of the variations of the flow field, producing smooth vector fields. One of the limitations of this method is that, typically, it can only estimate small motions. In the presence of large displacements, this method fails when the gradient of the image is not smooth enough. In this work, we describe an implementation of the original Horn and Schunck method and also introduce a multi-scale strategy in order to deal with larger displacements. For this multi-scale strategy, we create a pyramidal structure of downsampled images and change the optical flow constraint equation with a nonlinear formulation. In order to tackle this nonlinear formula, we linearize it and solve the method iteratively in each scale. In this sense, there are two common approaches: one approach that computes the motion increment in the iterations; or the one we follow, that computes the full flow during the iterations. The solutions are incrementally refined over the scales. This pyramidal structure is a standard tool in many optical flow methods.
Strain-space multi-surface Saint-Venant model to describe multiaxial elastic-plastic cyclic behavior (2017)

International audience
Steps towards standardized quantification of adult neurogenesis (2020)

New neurons are generated in adult mammals. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is considered to play an important role in cognition and mental health. The number and properties of newly born neurons are regulatable by a broad range of physiological and pathological conditions. To begin to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms and functional relevance of adult neurogenesis, many studies rely on quantification of adult-born neurons. However, lack of standardized methods to quantify new neurons is impeding research reproducibility across laboratories. Here, we review the importance of stereology, and propose why and how it should be applied to the study of adult neurogenesis.
Solid-State 13C MAS NMR Studies of Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene Resins (1996)

13C CP/MAS NMR techniques have been used to evaluate the structure of four hyper-cross-linked polystyrene resins. Single-pulse excitation (SPE) 13C spectra have allowed the various types of carbon atoms present in the resins to be quantified, and similarly 1H CRAMPS spectra have facilitated quantification of the various hydrogen atom types. Two hyper-cross-linked resins prepared by exhaustive methylene bridging of conventional lightly cross-linked styrene−divinylbenzene resins have very high quaternary aromatic carbon contents. These can be explained adequately only if very high levels of double methylene bridging of aromatic groups occurs. Approximately 10% of aromatic groups also retain a chloromethyl group from incomplete methylene bridging. Two further hyper-cross-linked resins reportedly prepared from conventional heavily cross-linked divinylbenzene (55% technical grade) resins appear in one instance to exploit residual unreacted double bonds (and possibly additional divinylbenzene) to generate the secondary cross-links, and in another to use SOCl2/Lewis acid to introduce very high levels of sulfoxide secondary cross-links. Dynamic NMR experiments suggest that the latter two hyper-cross-linked species retain more flexibility and mobility than those prepared via more conventional methylene bridging techniques.
Interactive multimodal user interfaces for mobile devices (2004)

Portable devices come with different limitations in user interaction like limited display size, small keyboard, and different sorts of input and output capabilities. With the advance of speech recognition and speech synthesis technologies, their complementary use becomes attractive for mobile devices in order to implement real multimodal user interaction. However, current systems and formats do not sufficiently integrate advanced multimodal interactions. We introduce an advanced generic multimodal interaction and rendering system (MIRS) dedicated for mobile devices. MIRS incorporates efficient processing of XML specification languages for limited, mobile devices and comes with the XML-based dialog and interface specification language (DISL). DISL can be considered as an UIML subset, which is enhanced by the means of state-oriented dialog specifications. The dialog specification is based on ODSN (object oriented dialog specification notation), which has been introduced to define user interface control by means of interaction states with transition rules.
Corrigendum (2009)

In one of our recent publications,1 the Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada (MHKS) parameters for poly(isobornyl acrylate) (piBA) were incorrectly reported on the basis of eq 5 in ref.2, which was incorrectly interpreted by us. In the meantime, we have independently provided correct MHKS parameters for piBA in ref. 3. These read: K = 5.00 × 10−5 dL g−1 and α = 0.75. Based on these MHKS parameters, Table 3 in ref.1. reads as follows: The molecular weight distributions in Figure 3(a,b) shift accordingly. Despite the higher deviation of M from M, the overall conclusions are unaffected. The first sentence of the ‘Acknowledgement’ section has to read correctly: C. B.-K. acknowledges funding from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in the context of the Excellence Initiative for leading German universities, the German Research Council (DFG), as well as the Ministry of Science and Arts of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg.
DBQ: A Differentiable Branch Quantizer for Lightweight Deep Neural\n Networks (2020)

Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the art performance on various\ncomputer vision tasks. However, their deployment on resource-constrained\ndevices has been hindered due to their high computational and storage\ncomplexity. While various complexity reduction techniques, such as lightweight\nnetwork architecture design and parameter quantization, have been successful in\nreducing the cost of implementing these networks, these methods have often been\nconsidered orthogonal. In reality, existing quantization techniques fail to\nreplicate their success on lightweight architectures such as MobileNet. To this\nend, we present a novel fully differentiable non-uniform quantizer that can be\nseamlessly mapped onto efficient ternary-based dot product engines. We conduct\ncomprehensive experiments on CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and Visual Wake Words\ndatasets. The proposed quantizer (DBQ) successfully tackles the daunting task\nof aggressively quantizing lightweight networks such as MobileNetV1,\nMobileNetV2, and ShuffleNetV2. DBQ achieves state-of-the art results with\nminimal training overhead and provides the best (pareto-optimal)\naccuracy-complexity trade-off.\n
Specularity removal for enhancing face recognition (2009)

This paper proposes a new method for removing specularity from face images so that albedo (diffuse reflectivity) can be accurately estimated. Our method utilizes common structural properties of face images to estimate the Lambertian component (including shadows) without using albedo, then specularity is separated as the positive component of the difference between the estimated Lambertian component and the source image. Experimental results show that face-recognition performance is significantly improved by applying our new algorithm. Numerous previous face-recognition methods use 3D shape and albedo of an enrolled image for face recognition under variable pose and illumination conditions. However albedo used by the previous methods contained a residual of specularity from the enrolled image, which produced matching errors. Our algorithm is effective for solving this problem.
Laminins promote postsynaptic maturation by an autocrine mechanism at the neuromuscular junction (2008)

A prominent feature of synaptic maturation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the topological transformation of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-rich postsynaptic membrane from an ovoid plaque into a complex array of branches. We show here that laminins play an autocrine role in promoting this transformation. Laminins containing the alpha4, alpha5, and beta2 subunits are synthesized by muscle fibers and concentrated in the small portion of the basal lamina that passes through the synaptic cleft at the NMJ. Topological maturation of AChR clusters was delayed in targeted mutant mice lacking laminin alpha5 and arrested in mutants lacking both alpha4 and alpha5. Analysis of chimeric laminins in vivo and of mutant myotubes cultured aneurally demonstrated that the laminins act directly on muscle cells to promote postsynaptic maturation. Immunohistochemical studies in vivo and in vitro along with analysis of targeted mutants provide evidence that laminin-dependent aggregation of dystroglycan in the postsynaptic membrane is a key step in synaptic maturation. Another synaptically concentrated laminin receptor, Bcam, is dispensable. Together with previous studies implicating laminins as organizers of presynaptic differentiation, these results show that laminins coordinate post- with presynaptic maturation.
Solutions for the problems of silicon–carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various industries, such as portable electronic devices, mobile phones, new energy car batteries, etc., and show great potential for more demanding applications like electric vehicles. Among advanced anode materials applied to lithium-ion batteries, silicon-carbon anodes have been explored extensively due to their high capacity, good operation potential, environmental friendliness and high abundance. Silicon-carbon anodes have demonstrated great potential as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries because they have perfectly improved the problems that existed in silicon anodes, such as the particle pulverization, shedding and failures of electrochemical performance during lithiation and delithiation. However, there are still some problems, such as low first discharge efficiency, poor conductivity and poor cycling performance, which need to be improved. This paper mainly presents some methods for solving the existing problems of silicon-carbon anode materials through different perspectives.
The role of Id2 (inhibitor of differentiation, DNA binding) in dendritic cell development in steady state and inflammation (2009)

Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells that capture antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues where they elicit specific immune responses. Several DC subtypes have previously been characterised, depending on their function and location. Each subtype appears to have a specialised role in both immunity and tolerance. However, less clear are the processes by which these different DC subsets develop from haematopoietic precursors, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the different stages during DC development. The research described herein had the aim to continuatively characterize a previously described DC precursor, the Flt3+ progenitor, downstream of the haematopoietic stem cells, and to assess its developmental potential in vivo. Hereby, it was found that the Flt3+ progenitor does not only develop into dendritic cells, but can also generate all other cells of the haematopoietic compartment. Furthermore, this study examined the role of the HLH transcriptional regulator Id2 on the development of different DC subtypes, especially Langerhans cells. As monocytes had been assumed to be LC precursors, Gr-1hi monocytes as well as the Flt3+ progenitor were tested for their LC precursor potential. Using an Id2 knockout mouse model, it was found that Id2 is essential for the formation of Langerhans cells in steady state. Conversely, their development from Gr-1hi monocytes in response to inflammation is independent of Id2. Id2 is known to modulate the activity of E-proteins, such as E47, by antagonising their DNA binding. Therefore, the impact of Id2 and E47 on DC development was studied and this work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of distinct DC subsets. It shows that the molecular mechanism by which Id2 controls the development of different DC subtypes is based on a modulation of E-proteins. Taken together, this research identified some of the key steps in the development of DCs downstream of the early haematopoietic precursors. It also dissected the contribution of different precursors for the Langerhans cell development in both the steady-state and during inflammation. Finally it provides evidence for the importance of Id2 and E proteins, such as E47 working in concert to regulate DC development and differentiation.
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme glucan 1,4‐α‐maltotetraohydrolase from Bacillus licheniformis (strain DP‐Dzf24) (2019)

Abstract The food enzyme glucan 1,4‐α‐maltotetraohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.8) is produced with the genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain DP‐Dzf24 by Danisco US Inc. The production strain contains multiple copies of a known antimicrobial resistance gene. However, based on the absence of viable cells and DNA in the food enzyme, this is not considered to be a risk. The food enzyme is intended to be used in baking processes and starch processing for the production of glucose syrups. The residual amounts of the Total Organic Solids (TOS) in glucose syrups are removed by filtration and purification during starch processing. Consequently, dietary exposure was not calculated for this use. Based on the maximum use levels recommended for the baking processes and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–TOS was estimated to be up to 0.271 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. Toxicological tests with the food enzyme indicated that there was no concern with respect to genotoxicity or systemic toxicity. A no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) was identified in rats, which, compared with the dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 347. The allergenicity was evaluated by searching for similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens; no match was found. The Panel considers that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk for allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood is considered low. Based on the microbial source, genetic modifications, the manufacturing process, the compositional and biochemical data, the dietary exposure assessment and the findings in the toxicological studies, the Panel concludes that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
Risk assessment for recrudescence of avian influenza in caged layer houses following depopulation: the effect of cleansing, disinfection and dismantling of equipment (2020)

Following an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in a poultry house, control measures are put in place to prevent further spread. An essential part of the control measures based on the European Commission Avian Influenza Directive 2005/94/EC is the cleansing and disinfection (C&D) of infected premises. Cleansing and disinfection includes both preliminary and secondary C&D, and the dismantling of complex equipment during secondary C&D is also required, which is costly to the owner and also delays the secondary cleansing process, hence increasing the risk for onward spread. In this study, a quantitative risk assessment is presented to assess the risk of re-infection (recrudescence) occurring in an enriched colony-caged layer poultry house on restocking with chickens after different C&D scenarios. The risk is expressed as the number of restocked poultry houses expected before recrudescence occurs. Three C&D scenarios were considered, namely (i) preliminary C&D alone, (ii) preliminary C&D plus secondary C&D without dismantling and (iii) preliminary C&D plus secondary C&D with dismantling. The source-pathway-receptor framework was used to construct the model, and parameterisation was based on the three C&D scenarios. Two key operational variables in the model are (i) the time between depopulation of infected birds and restocking with new birds (TbDR) and (ii) the proportion of infected material that bypasses C&D, enabling virus to survive the process. Probability distributions were used to describe these two parameters for which there was recognised variability between premises in TbDR or uncertainty due to lack of information in the fraction of bypass. The risk assessment estimates that the median (95% credible intervals) number of repopulated poultry houses before recrudescence are 1.2 × 104 (50 to 2.8 × 106), 1.9 × 105 (780 to 5.7 × 107) and 1.1 × 106 (4.2 × 103 to 2.9 × 108) under C&D scenarios (i), (ii) and (iii), respectively. Thus for HPAIV in caged layers, undertaking secondary C&D without dismantling reduces the risk by 16-fold compared to preliminary C&D alone. Dismantling has an additional, although smaller, impact, reducing the risk by a further 6-fold and thus around 90-fold compared to preliminary C&D alone. On the basis of the 95% credible intervals, the model demonstrates the importance of secondary C&D (with or without dismantling) over preliminary C&D alone. However, the extra protection afforded by dismantling may not be cost beneficial in the context of reduced risk of onward spread.
Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of an Alternate Next-Day Enrichment Protocol for VIP® Gold for Salmonella Method to Culture Methods for the Detection of Salmonella in Selected Foods and Environmental Surfaces (2018)

<i>Background:</i> VIP<sup>®</sup> Gold for <i>Salmonella</i> is a lateral flow immunodetection device that was validated by AOAC in 1999 as <i>Official Method of Analysis</i> 999.09. It was improved upon in 2009 by introducing gold colloid as the detection method. <i>Objective:</i> A simple next-day enrichment protocol using modified enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> media was developed for the VIP Gold for <i>Salmonella</i> to improve the time-to-results and laboratory work flow. <i>Methods:</i> We tested 128 <i>Salmonella</i> strains, representing all serotypes from A to Z and 51 to 66 as well as 50 non-<i>Salmonella</i> strains for inclusivity/exclusivity. Performance of the VIP using the new enrichment protocol was compared with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) <i>Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook</i> reference culture procedure for the detection of <i>Salmonella</i> in ready-to-eat poultry, roast beef, and chicken carcass rinsate. VIP performance was also compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) <i>Bacteriological Analytical Manual</i> (BAM) for the detection of <i>Salmonella</i> from raw spinach, raw almonds, raw pasta, and environmental surfaces (stainless steel, rubber, and plastic). <i>Results:</i> The VIP detected all 128 of <i>Salmonella</i> strains and none of the 50 non-<i>Salmonella</i> strains. There was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of positive results with VIP Gold for <i>Salmonella</i> protocol compared with appropriate USDA-Food Safety and Inspection Service or FDA-BAM reference methods for any of these matrixes. <i>Conclusions:</i> This new enrichment protocol has met all the requirements to be approved as a <i>Performance Tested Method</i><sup>SM</sup>. <i>Highlights:</i> The new enrichment protocol will improve the time-to-results and allow quicker decisions about the contamination of food products.
National Solar Technology Roadmap: Concentrator PV (2007)

This roadmap addresses high-concentration (>10x) photovoltaic (PV) systems, incorporating high-efficiency III-V or silicon cells, trackers, and reflective or refractive optics.
Comparative Analysis of Off-Design Performance Characteristics of Single and Two Shaft Industrial Gas Turbines (2002)

Off-design steady performance and operating characteristics of single and two shaft gas turbines for electric power generation have been investigated comparatively. A set of balance equations has been derived based on validated component models. A simultaneous calculation scheme has been employed, which is flexible to various engine configurations. Part-load performance analyses of two commercial gas turbines have been carried out to compare operating characteristics between single and two shaft engines. The predicted performance characteristics of both engines coincide soundly with the manufacturer’s data and also correspond with the inherent characteristics of each configuration. The adoption of the VIGV modulation has been addressed in order to examine the possibility of leveling up the heat recovery capacity by maintaining a high turbine exhaust temperature (TET) when those gas turbines are used for combined cycle plants. Maintaining TET at its design value as far as the VIGV modulation allows has been simulated and it has been determined that the TET control is possible at up to 40% and 50% load in the single and two shaft engine, respectively. Combined cycle performances have also been investigated for two engine configurations in different operating modes. While the VIGV modulation produces a favorable influence over the combined cycle performance of the single shaft configuration, the two shaft engine does not appear to be effectively improved by the VIGV modulation since the degradation of gas turbine performance counteracts the advantage of the higher performance of the bottoming (steam turbine) cycle.