gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prejunctional adrenergic receptors and sympathetic neurotransmission: studies in canine skeletal muscle vasculature in situ. (1987)

The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation were studied in blood perfused canine skeletal muscle in situ. The overflow of NA and vasoconstriction, which represent pre- and postjunctional events in this vascular bed, were frequency-dependent and closely related to each other. Measurements of endogenous NA overflow were compared with a conventional radio-labelling technique using 3H-NA. Nerve stimulation evoked overflow of total radioactivity was recovered almost exclusively as 3H-NA. The relative changes of the nerve stimulation evoked overflow of endogenous NA and 3H-NA were much the same. The reproducibility was better for endogenous NA measurements than for the other two indices of transmitter release. Thus, endogenous NA overflow seems to provide a better measure of NA release. There was a preferential overflow of the newly stored radio-labelled transmitter, in agreement with earlier observations in vitro, showing that there is more than one compartment for NA storage in sympathetic nerve endings. Inhibition of neuronal uptake enhanced the nerve stimulation evoked overflow of NA and prolonged the vasoconstrictor response without influencing its amplitude. This would be consistent with a reduced clearance of the released transmitter without major alterations of the NA concentrations at the neuroeffector junction. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not influence nerve stimulation evoked NA overflow, suggesting that prostaglandin formation is of little importance for the modulation of NA release in this vascular bed. Postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors of both subtypes may well contribute to the neurogenic control of vascular tone. Circulating catecholamines seem to be more important with regard to activation of the postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Postjunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors are to all appearances activated principally by blood borne catecholamines. There was no evidence in favour of physiologically important neurogenic control of these receptors. Nerve stimulation evoked NA overflow was enhanced by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and reduced by alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. The findings lend further support to the suggested physiological role of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated feed-back inhibition of NA release. There may also be a subset of prejunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors involved in the modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission. The existence of a prejunctional facilitatory beta 2-adrenoceptor could be demonstrated, as stimulation of beta 2-adrenoceptors enhanced nerve stimulation evoked NA overflow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subjective ratings of instantaneous and gradual transitions from narrowband to wideband active speech (2010)

In advanced heterogeneous telecommunication networks, network resources can dynamically dictate the type of speech coding that is used. An increase in resources allows for lower coding distortion or it might also be used to provide wideband speech instead of narrowband speech. Existing studies have demonstrated that wideband speech is preferred to narrowband speech, but they have also demonstrated that an abrupt transition from narrowband to wideband is perceived as an impairment, even though it is a transition to a higher quality signal. We describe our recent work that resulted in subjective scores for abrupt and gradual transitions from narrowband to wideband at the midpoint of a six-second segment of active speech. On average, signals that start narrowband and end wideband are rated slightly lower than constant narrowband signals and results are nearly the same for abrupt and gradual (2.5 second) transitions. Scores from 20 listeners show a wide range of individual opinions so we conclude that studies of bandwidth transitions may be quite sensitive to the listener population sample.
DICE: Automatic Emulation of DMA Input Channels for Dynamic Firmware Analysis (2020)

Microcontroller-based embedded devices are at the core of Internet-of-Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. The security of these devices is of paramount importance. Among the approaches to securing embedded devices, dynamic firmware analysis gained great attention lately, thanks to its offline nature and low false-positive rates. However, regardless of the analysis and emulation techniques used, existing dynamic firmware analyzers share a major limitation, namely the inability to handle firmware using DMA. It severely limits the types of devices supported and firmware code coverage. We present DICE, a drop-in solution for firmware analyzers to emulate DMA input channels and generate or manipulate DMA inputs. DICE is designed to be hardware-independent, and compatible with common MCU firmware and embedded architectures. DICE identifies DMA input channels as the firmware writes the source and destination DMA transfer pointers into the DMA controller. Then DICE manipulates the input transferred through DMA on behalf of the firmware analyzer. We integrated DICE to the firmware analyzer P2IM (Cortex-M architecture) and a PIC32 emulator (MIPS M4K/M-Class architecture). We evaluated it on 83 benchmarks and sample firmware, representing 9 different DMA controllers from 5 different vendors. DICE detected 33 out of 37 DMA input channels, with 0 false positives. It correctly supplied DMA inputs to 21 out of 22 DMA buffers, which previous firmware analyzers cannot achieve due to the lack of DMA emulation. DICE's overhead is fairly low, it adds 3.4% on average to P2IM execution time. We also fuzz-tested 7 real-world firmware using DICE and compared the results with the original P2IM. DICE uncovered tremendously more execution paths (as much as 79X) and found 5 unique previously-unknown bugs that are unreachable without DMA emulation. All our source code and dataset are publicly available.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of FK070 (KDI-792), A Novel Thromboxane Receptor Antagonist/Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitor, After Single and Multiple Oral Administrations to Healthy Volunteers (1996)

FK070, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist/TXA2 synthetase inhibitor, was given orally to healthy male volunteers in a single- and multiple-dose study. In the single-dose study (200, 300, 400 mg), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased non-linearly with dose, while the mean elimination half-life (V0) was essentially unchanged (3.9-7.3h). Recovery of the unchanged drug in the urine was 12-25%. Cmax and AUC as determined with 200 mg of drug after a meal decreased by about 60 and 30%, respectively. Ex-vivo platelet aggregation in the plasma by a TXA2 analogue, U46619, was almost completely inhibited within 1 h, after all doses of drug, with a significant dose-dependent inhibition maintained for 8 h or more, which was much longer than was expected from drug plasma concentration. The aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was inhibited to a lesser extent. FK070 also inhibited TXA2 synthetase as evidenced by decreased production of TXB2 and reciprocally increased production of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in the serum during ex-vivo whole blood coagulation. These effects peaked 1 h after drug and lasted until 4 h with the higher doses. In the multiple-dose study (300 mg, twice a day, after meals for 6.5 days), drug concentrations in the plasma were well fitted to a three-compartment open model with first-order absorption. FK070 afforded extensive inhibition of platelet aggregation by U46619 throughout the administration period, with a significant inhibition lasting as long as 48 h after conclusion of administration. No clearly drug-related changes were found in routine laboratory tests, subjective and objective findings, or vital signs. FK070 was concluded to be well tolerated and to provide long-lasting blockade of TXA2 receptors, and plasma concentration-dependent inhibition of TXA2 synthetase in the platelets.
Biomechanical parameters of the cornea measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer in normal eyes (2014)

The study suggests that age and CCT are strongly associated with CH and CRF, and that the latter is also influenced by AL and IOP. However, the variables studied could explain only 25% and 43% of the measured variation in CH and CRF, respectively, suggesting other factors also affect the values of these measurements.
NarSUM '22 (2022)

With video capture devices becoming widely popular, the amount of video data generated per day has seen a rapid increase over the past few years. Browsing through hours of video data to retrieve useful information is a tedious and boring task. Video Summarization technology has played a crucial role in addressing this issue. It is a well-researched topic in the multimedia community. However, the focus so far has been limited to creating summary to videos which are short (only a few minutes). This workshop aims to call for researchers on relevant background to focus on novel solutions for user-centric narrative summarization of long videos. This workshop will also cover important aspects of video summarization research like what is "important" in a video, how to evaluate the goodness of a created summary, open challenges in video summarization etc.
Stepwise Synthesis of Soluble Substituted Triazolephthalocyanines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStepwise Synthesis of Soluble Substituted TriazolephthalocyaninesBeatriz Cabezon, Salome Rodriguez-Morgade, and Tomas TorresCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1872–1874Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (337 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hookworm and Poverty (2008)

Human hookworm infection is the leading cause of anemia and undernutrition and the second most important parasitic infection of humans. Hookworm occurs almost exclusively in the setting of rural poverty in the developing countries of the tropics. The rural dependency reflects the precise soil and temperature requirements of the environmental life history stages of the parasite, whereas the relationship between hookworm and poverty is based on multiple factors, including inadequate sanitation, the absence of concrete floors in home dwellings, and lack of access to essential medicines. Also, hookworm not only occurs in the setting of poverty but also promotes poverty because of its health and educational effects in children, its adverse effect on pregnancy outcome, and its effect on worker productivity. Since the middle of the 20th century, poverty reduction and urbanization have successfully reduced the prevalence of hookworm in the world's industrialized nations and some middle-income countries. However, the control of hookworm in low-income countries still relies heavily on the frequent and periodic use of anthelminthic drugs either through deworming programs targeting school-aged children or through integrated control programs that simultaneously target the seven neglected tropical diseases, including hookworm. However, the high rates of hookworm reinfection and the possible emergence of drug resistance will ultimately require the development of new control tools--including the Human Hookworm Vaccine, one of several so-called antipoverty vaccines that could undergo development and testing over the next decade.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE REDUCTION OF TETRAHYDROCARBAZOLES AND 2,3‐DIALKYLINDOLES CONTAINING TERTIARY AMINES (1983)

Abstract Zahlreiche Tetrahydroazacarbazole und Indole (I)‐(IV) werden mit den Reduktionsmitteln (V)‐(IX) u.a. behandelt.
A Dominant Mutation in Mitochondrial Unfoldase CLPX Results in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (2016)

Abstract Red cells synthesize large quantities of heme during terminal differentiation. Central to erythropoiesis is heme synthesis, which requires tight coordination between mitochondrial iron import and synthesis of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Most individuals with erythropoietic porphyria carry loss of function mutations in FECH, or gain of function mutations in ALAS2, resulting in protoporphyrin IX accumulation. We performed whole exome sequencing to identify novel mutations in an individual exhibiting symptoms in whom FECH and ALAS2 mutations were absent (Fig. A, asterisk). We identified a novel CLPX point mutation in this individual (III.2), her father (II.4) and her paternal uncle (II.2), who also exhibited increased porphyrin levels relative to healthy individuals. The individual's mother was healthy and had a wild-type CLPX genotype (Fig. A). CLPX encodes a mitochondrial protein unfoldase that partially unfolds ALA synthase (ALAS) to allow efficient incorporation of its cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate (Kardon et al. 2015 Cell). This greatly stimulates the synthesis of d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the first step in heme biosynthesis. To determine if the CLPX mutation was causative for porphyria, we expressed mutant CLPX in HEK293T embryonic kidney cells and Friend mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. Mutant CLPX expression (MUT) caused a significant increase in ALAS1 (non-erythroid isoform) (Fig. B) and ALAS2 (erythroid isoform) (Fig. C) activity relative to control and wild-type CLPX expressing samples (WT). This increase in ALAS enzymatic activity translated to an increase in PPIX levels (Fig. D, E), consistent with the porphyria phenotype observed in the individuals in this study. We observed that MUT-expressing samples had increased levels of ALAS1 and ALAS2. To determine if mutant CLPX altered ALAS protein stability, we transfected WT or MUT CLPX into HEK293T and MEL cells. Cells were treated with cycloheximide to block translation. We quantitated degradation rate of ALAS by western blot analysis of cell lysates obtained at several time points after cycloheximide treatment (chase). Expression of MUT CLPX stabilized both ALAS1 and ALAS2, accounting for the increase in ALAS protein levels, activity and downstream production of PPIX. The control of ALAS enzymatic activity and protein stability by CLPX unveils a novel cause of protoporphyria and insights revealing the ways in which mitochondrial physiology and heme synthesis are interdependent. Our results reveal an important regulatory node where the mitochondrial protein quality control machinery intersects with a key step in heme synthesis and provides an important genetic tool for understanding the pathology of porphyrias. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Cause Relaxation of the Internal Anal Sphincter In Vitro (2002)

There are several functionally important phosphodiesterases in the internal anal sphincter and rectal circular muscle. Both adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate appear to be important in the myogenic tone of the internal anal sphincter, and this study provides further evidence of the sphincteric specialization of this tissue. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors might represent a new therapy for the treatment of anal fissure.
Outcome after Stereotactic Thalamotomy for Parkinsonian, Essential, and Other Types of Tremor (1995)

A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying movement disorders, coupled with refinements in surgical technique, has led to a resurgence of interest in the surgical treatment of patients with tremor. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 60 patients (62 patient sides) with medically intractable tremor who underwent stereotactic thalamotomy. Of these 60 patients, 42 had Parkinson's disease (of whom 2 patients underwent bilateral surgery for a total of 44 patient sides), 6 had essential tremor, 6 had cerebellar tremor, and 6 had post-traumatic tremor. The patients received follow-up for as long as 13 years (mean, 53.4 mo) after their operations. At the most recent follow-up visit, 86% of the patients with Parkinson's disease, 83% of the patients with essential tremor, 67% of the patients with cerebellar tremor, and 50% of the patients with post-traumatic tremor had cessation of or moderate-to-marked improvement in their contralateral tremor, with a concomitant improvement in function. The mean daily dose of levodopa for those patients preoperatively taking levodopa (n = 35) was reduced by approximately 156 mg at a mean of 53.4 months after thalamotomy. Immediate postoperative complications were common, occurring in 58% of patients. The most common complications were contralateral weakness (34%), dysarthria (29%), and confusion (23%). These complications generally resolved rapidly during the postoperative period.
Targeted retinoblastoma management (2014)

Chemotherapy is effective for retinoblastoma and the targeted treatment route depends on the clinical features and anticipated outcomes.
Enabling Thin and Flexible Solid-State Composite Electrolytes by the Scalable Solution Process (2019)

All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have the potential to deliver higher energy densities, wider operating temperature range, and improved safety compared with today’s liquid-electrolyte-based batteries. However, of the various solid-state electrolyte (SSE) classes—polymers, sulfides, or oxides—none alone can deliver the combined properties of ionic conductivity, mechanical, and chemical stability needed to address scalability and commercialization challenges. While promising strategies to overcome these include the use of polymer/oxide or sulfide composites, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding between different SSE–polymer–solvent systems and its selection criteria. Here, we isolate various SSE–polymer–solvent systems and study their molecular level interactions by combining various characterization tools. With these findings, we introduce a suitable Li7P3S11SSE–SEBS polymer–xylene solvent combination that significantly reduces SSE thickness (∼50 μm). The SSE–polymer composite displays high room temperature conductivity (0.7 mS cm–1) and good stability with lithium metal by plating and stripping over 2000 h at 1.1 mAh cm–2. This study suggests the importance of understanding fundamental SSE–polymer–solvent interactions and provides a design strategy for scalable production of ASSBs.
Optimal trajectory generation for dynamic street scenarios in a Fren&#x00E9;t Frame (2010)

Safe handling of dynamic highway and inner city scenarios with autonomous vehicles involves the problem of generating traffic-adapted trajectories. In order to account for the practical requirements of the holistic autonomous system, we propose a semi-reactive trajectory generation method, which can be tightly integrated into the behavioral layer. The method realizes long-term objectives such as velocity keeping, merging, following, stopping, in combination with a reactive collision avoidance by means of optimal-control strategies within the Frenét-Frame of the street. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated in the simulation of a typical high-speed highway scenario.
Sequential estimation of probability of events (2000)

In many signal processing problems, it is important to estimate the probability that a signal is present in observed data. As opposed to standard Bernoulli experiments where the outcomes of the experiments clearly show when the event occurred, there are many situations where only probabilistic claims can be made about the occurrence of events. Examples of the latter include a variety of problems related to detection of signals in noise. A processing scheme for estimating the posterior probability density function of the probability of occurrence of an event is proposed. It is based on a sequential importance sampling method, which approximates the desired posterior density with a probability measure composed of particles and their associated weights. With the arrival of new experimental data, the weights of the particles are updated, and as a result, the overall posterior modified. A simulation result is provided that shows the performance of the proposed method.
Transcriptomic profiling disclosed the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cell subsets in colorectal cancer (2020)

This study provides novel insights into the epigenetic regulations and other molecular pathways in different myeloid cell subsets within the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME), giving opportunities to potential targets for therapeutic benefits.
Osmotic actuation modelling for innovative biorobotic solutions inspired by the plant kingdom (2013)

Osmotic-driven plant movements are widely recognized as impressive examples of energy efficiency and low power consumption. These aspects motivate the interest in developing an original biomimetic concept of new actuators based on the osmotic principle exploited by plants. This study takes a preliminary step in this direction, by modelling the dynamic behaviour of two exemplificative yet relevant implementations of an osmotic actuator concept. In more detail, the considered implementations differ from each other in the way actuation energy storage is achieved (through a piston displacement in the former case, through membrane bulging in the latter). The dynamic problem is analytically solved for both cases; scaling laws for the actuation figures of merit (namely characteristic time, maximum force, maximum power, power density, cumulated work and energy density) as a function of model parameters are obtained for the bulging implementation. Starting from such performance indicators, a preliminary dimensioning of the envisaged osmotic actuator is exemplified, based on design targets/constraints (such as characteristic time and/or maximum force). Moreover, model assumptions and limitations are discussed towards effective prototypical development and experimental testing. Nonetheless, this study takes the first step towards the design of new actuators based on the natural osmotic principle, which holds potential for disruptive innovation in many fields, including biorobotics and ICT solutions.
Contextual, Optimal, and Universal Realization of the Quantum Cloning Machine and of the NOT Gate (2004)

A simultaneous realization of the universal optimal quantum cloning machine and of the universal-NOT gate by a quantum injected optical parametric amplification, is reported. The two processes, forbidden in their exact form for fundamental quantum limitations, are found universal and optimal, and the measured fidelity F<1 is found close to the limit values evaluated by quantum theory. This work may enlighten the yet little explored interconnections of fundamental axiomatic properties within the deep structure of quantum mechanics.
Glucocorticoid receptor gene variant is associated with increased body fatness in youngsters (2009)

Because the associations between the G-allele of the BclI polymorphism in the GR gene and body FM in boys were only found in a healthy young population, but not in a comparable, generally leaner cohort from an older generation, it is suggested that carriers of this polymorphism are likely to be more vulnerable to fat accumulation in today's obesity promoting environment, than noncarriers.