gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalysts and the Process for Low-Temperature Conversion of ortho-Hydrogen to Liquid para-Hydrogen. Review Paper (2017)

The review paper deals with problems of generation of liquid para-hydrogen via the catalytic ortho-para-conversion (OPC) of molecular hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures, with the appropriate catalysts and some problems of the catalyst operation in liquid hydrogen generators. Procedures for estimating the catalyst activity to OPC and calculation of the capacity of liquid hydrogen generators are described. The most important papers are discussed, which concern the application of OPC catalysts for liquid hydrogen generators. A procedure is described for processing of experimental data on the catalyst to be used for calculation of lab-scale and industrial liquid hydrogen generators operating at different temperatures.
Nitric Oxide Not Apoptosis Mediates Differential Killing of Mycobacterium bovis in Bovine Macrophages (2013)

To identify the resistance phenotype against Mycobacterium bovis in cattle, we used a bactericidal assay that has been considered a marker of this trait. Three of 24 cows (12.5%) were phenotyped as resistant and 21 as susceptible. Resistance of bovine macrophages (MΦ) to BCG challenge was evaluated for its association with SLC11A1 GT microsatellite polymorphisms within 3'UTR region. Twenty-three cows (95.8%) had a GT13 genotype, reported as resistant, consequently the SLC11A1 polymorphism was not in agreement with our bactericidal assay results. MΦ of cows with resistant or susceptible phenotype were challenged in vitro with virulent M. bovis field strain or BCG, and nitric oxide production, bacterial killing and apoptosis induction were measured in resting and LPS-primed states. M. bovis field strain induced more apoptosis than BCG, although the difference was not significant. Resistant MΦ controlled better the replication of M. bovis (P<0.01), produced more nitric oxide (P<0.05) and were slightly more prone to undergo apoptosis than susceptible cells. LPS pretreatment of MΦ enhanced all the functional parameters analyzed. Inhibition of nitric oxide production with n (G)-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate enhanced replication of M. bovis but did not modify apoptosis rates in both resistant and susceptible MΦ. We conclude that nitric oxide production not apoptosis is a major determinant of macrophage resistance to M. bovis infection in cattle and that the influence of SLC11A1 gene 3'UTR polymorphism is not associated with this event.
Fundamentals of Polymer Science: An Introductory Text (1994)

Now in its second edition, this widely used text provides a unique presentation of today's polymer science. It is both comprehensive and readable. The authors are leading educators in this field with extensive background in industrial and academic polymer research. The text starts with a description of the types of microstructures found in polymer
Phase II study of 3'-deoxy-3'-18F fluorothymidine PET/CT (FLT-PET) in the assessment of early response in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): Preliminary results of ACRIN 6688. (2014)

526 Background: FLT-PET imaging can be exploited as a marker of cellular proliferation and tumor (tm) therapy response. Our primary objective was to determine if early change in tm FLT uptake predicts pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in primary tms in LABC pts. The secondary objective was to correlate standardized uptake values (SUVmax) with Ki-67 at baseline and after NAC. Methods: In this phase II study, 51 LABC pts [stage IIA-IIIC] were evaluable for primary objective analysis. NAC was according to standard of care; imaging was not used to change management. All 51 pts underwent FLT-PET imaging at baseline (FLT-1), and after one cycle (FLT-2);43 pts were imaged post-NAC (FLT-3). SUVmax's were averaged for multiple primary tms. The percent change in SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) between FLT-1 and FLT-2 was calculated. Pathologic response, Ki-67 assay and PET/CT were assessed at core labs. The predictive value of ΔSUVmax for pCR was determined by ROC; by area under the curve (AUC). Correlation between SUVmax and Ki-67 was assessed by the Spearman coefficient (R). Results: A pCR was achieved in 9 of 51 pts. At FLT-1, primary tm SUVmax range:0.9-11.8. FLT-1 uptake was not different between pts with pCR and non-pCR (p=0.59). NAC led to a significant ΔSUVmax (mean,36%;95%CI 28%-45%). AUC for ΔSUVmax in the prediction of pCR=0.68 [95%CI 48%-86%]. The best ΔSUVmax cut-off for predicting pCR was 51% (sensitivity 56%;specificity 79%). The difference in ΔSUVmax between pts with and without pCR was significant (20%;one-sided p=0.045). The correlation between FLT-1 SUVmax and Ki-67 was weak (R,0.29, p=0.04) but stronger at FLT-3 (R, 0.67%, p<0.0001). Conclusions: There was a significant difference in FLT ΔSUVmax in responders vs. non-responders after one NAC cycle, and FLT-PET was marginally predictive of pCR despite variable therapy. Post-NAC FLT uptake correlated with Ki-67. These data suggest that further work is warranted to define the clinical utility of FLT-PET in early evaluation of LABC therapy response. This project was funded in part with funds from the Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS);Grant#CA80098. Clinical trial information: NCT00572728.
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini. (1994)

Two size forms of the class B N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit were recently identified with CNB1, an antipeptide antibody directed against an intracellular loop of this channel (Westenbroek, R.E., Hell, J.W., Warner, C., Dubel, S.J., Snutch, T.P., and Catterall, W.A. (1992) Neuron 9, 1099-1115). To investigate the biochemical differences between these two size forms, the antibodies CNB3 and CNB4 were raised against peptides with sequences corresponding to the COOH-terminal end of the full-length form. Immunoblot experiments demonstrated that both antibodies specifically recognize the longer form of 250 kDa, indicating that the COOH-terminal regions of the two size forms of the class B N-type channel alpha 1 subunit are different. Phosphorylation experiments with immunopurified calcium channels and different second messenger-activated protein kinases revealed that both the 220- and 250-kDa forms of the class B N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit are substrates for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase C. These three kinases incorporated approximately 1 mol of phosphate/mol of binding sites for omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTx) GVIA, a ligand specific for the N-type calcium channel, and may regulate the activity of both forms in vivo. In contrast, calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) phosphorylated only the long form of the class B N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit, with a stoichiometry of 0.5 mol of phosphate/mol of total omega-CgTx GVIA binding sites. Specific phosphorylation of the long form of the class B alpha 1 subunit by CaM kinase II may differentially regulate the function of N-type calcium channels containing different size forms of their alpha 1 subunits in vivo.
In vitro drug release profile of bioerodable citric acid–glycerol copolymer (1990)

Abstract The incorporation and release of sulfadiazine, paracetamol, diazepam, quinine hydrochloride, and doxycycline hydrochloride in and from rectangular slabs of highly crosslinked citric acidglycerol copolymer matrix have been described. The release of the drugs in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and at 37°C was followed spectrophotometrically. After an initial burst, the first three drugs were released up to 4 days and the last two drugs up to 7 days at almost constant rates. The erosion profile of the drug‐free matrix and the release characteristics of the drug‐loaded slabs under physiological conditions indicate hydrolytic erosion of the slab from the surface as well as from the bulk. It has been suggested that the zero‐order release of the drugs was possible due to a balance between the decreasing release rate by diffusion through the matrix and the increasing release rate because of increasing polymer permeability resulting from gradual crosslink cleavage.
Linear Synchronous Motors (1999)

Considered to be the first book devoted to the subject, Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems, Second Edition evaluates the state of the art, demonstrating the technological innovations that are improving the design, construction, and performance of modern control systems. This new edition not only illustrates the development of linear synchronous motor drives, but it also discusses useful techniques for selecting a motor that will meet the specific requirements of linear electrical drives. New Features for the Second Edition: Several updated and expanded sections, as well as two new chapters on FEM Even more numerical examples, calculations, and mathematical models Broadened target audience that includes researchers, scientists, students, and more Evaluating trends and practical techniques for achieving optimal system performance, the authors showcase ready-to-implement solutions for common roadblocks in this process. The book presents fundamental equations and calculations used to determine and evaluate system operation, efficiency, and reliability, with an exploration of modern computer-aided design of linear synchronous motors, including the finite element approach. It covers topics such as linear sensors and stepping motors, magnetic levitation systems, elevators, and factory automation systems. It also features case studies on flat PM, tubular PM, air-cored, and hybrid linear synchronous motors, as well as 3D finite element method analysis of tubular linear reluctance motors, and linear oscillatory actuators. With such an exceptional presentation of practical tools and conceptual illustrations, this volume is an especially powerful resource. It will benefit readers from all walks by providing numerical examples, models, guidelines, and diagrams to help develop a clear understanding of linear synchronous motor operations, characteristics, and much more.
Session layer requirements for multicastinternets (2002)

Why a focus on the session layer of the ISO Reference Model in any discussion on networking? Quality of service (QoS) control and the whole elephant. The parable about the blind men describing an elephant is useful to the discussion. Each feels one part of the elephant's anatomy and reports that part as the whole elephant. So the man who feels the elephant's tail has a wholly different mind's picture than the one feeling the elephant's side. And so it goes with QoS in a multicast environment. Each exploratory feel seems to yield a different view. This paper attempts to add some vision and get some notion of what the whole elephant ought to look like. This exercise is, of course, complicated by the fact that we're looking at an elephant that has yet to be built. First, we must understand that multicasting won't happen until it happens at several cooperating ISO layers. And as we consider the ubiquitous multicast implications at each layer, the QoS issue pops up every time. Thus, we focus on QoS.
Pyomyositis in Children in the United States (1991)

Pyomyositis in Children in the United States Charles Grose Charles Grose Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa Reprints and correspondence: Dr. Charles Grose, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 13, Issue 2, March-April 1991, Page 339, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.2.339 Published: 01 March 1991
Lineage-Specific Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receptor/Coreceptors in Differentiating Hematopoietic Precursors: Correlation With Susceptibility to T- and M-Tropic HIV and Chemokine-Mediated HIV Resistance (1999)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry is mediated not only by the CD4 receptor, but also by interaction with closely related molecules that act as membrane coreceptors. We have analyzed mRNA expression and/or cell membrane exposition of the coreceptors most widely used by diverse HIV-1 strains (CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR3) on purified hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) induced in liquid suspension culture to unilineage differentiation/maturation through the erythroid (E), granulocytic (G), megakaryocytic (Mk), and monocytic (Mo) lineages. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cytofluorimetric analysis showed the presence of both CXCR4 and CCR5 in quiescent HPCs, but failed to detect CCR3-specific transcripts. Chemokine expression in HPC progenies showed that CXCR4 receptor is detected on the majority of MKs from early to late stages of maturation, whereas it is moderately decreased in the Mo lineage. In the G pathway, two distinct cell populations, CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(-), were observed: morphological analysis of the sorted populations showed that the CXCR4(+) cells were largely eosinophils and the CXCR4(-) were granulocytes of the neutrophilic series. Furthermore, in the E pathway, CXCR4 was almost completely absent. CCR5 expression is restricted to Mo cultures, ie, approximately 30% to 80% cells throughout all monocytopoietic differentiation/maturation stages. Finally, CCR3 mRNA is always absent in all the unilineage cultures. Evaluation of CD4 expression by flow cytometry on both quiescent HPCs and differentiating unilineage precursors showed that the CD4 receptor is present on approximately 15% of the starting CD34(+) HPC population, highly expressed in the Mo lineage up to 80% at terminal maturation, present on 20% to 30% of maturing Mks, and not detectable in either the E or G lineage. Expression of CD4 receptor together with CXCR4 and/or CCR5 coreceptor in the four lineages correlates with hematopoietic precursor susceptibility to T-lymphotropic and macrophage (M)-tropic HIV strains infection: (1) CD4(-) G and E cells were resistant to both M-tropic and T-lymphotropic strains; (2) HPC-derived Mks were susceptible to T-tropic, but resistant to M-tropic, infection; (3) Mo differentiating cells efficiently replicate both HIV strains. Furthermore, we showed that the CXCR4 and CCR5 ligands (stromal-derived factor 1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha [MIP-1alpha], MIP-1beta and RANTES, respectively) inhibit HIV replication in both maturing Mo and Mk cells. Taken together, our data show a lineage-specific modulation of chemokine receptor/coreceptor during hematopoietic cell differentiation and extend previous observations on the relationship between the expression of HIV receptor/coreceptors, susceptibility, and chemokine-mediated resistance to HIV infection.
Selective partial hydrolysis of amphiphilic copoly(2-oxazoline)s as basis for temperature and pH responsive micelles (2010)

The acidic and basic hydrolyses of gradient and diblock copolymers based on 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOx) and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline (PhOx) were investigated. Various reaction times were examined revealing polymers with varying ratios of PMeOx, PPhOx and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI). It could be shown that under acidic conditions, PMeOx as well as PPhOx are readily cleaved while under basic conditions PPhOx was almost not hydrolyzed leading to higher selectivity. However, partial degradation of the polymers occurred under basic conditions as evidenced by SEC. Thermal investigations of the polymers cleaved under acidic conditions revealed that most obtained copolymers exhibited a melting temperature due to the large PEI content. Self-assembly studies revealed that the partially hydrolyzed copolymers formed micelles at both ambient and elevated temperatures in acidic medium due to protonation of the ethylene imine units leading to good solubility. In contrast, the copolymers were insoluble at ambient temperature in water or basic medium, but self-assembled into spherical micelles at elevated temperatures as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. As such, these novel PEI–PPhOx copolymers exhibit thermoresponsive micellization behavior based on the crystallization induced phase separation of linear PEI at lower temperatures. Moreover, the copolymer consisting of 84 ethylene imine repeat units, 16 PPhOx groups also revealed pH responsive micellization due to increased solubility of the ethylene imine units upon protonation in acidic solution.
PDGF-BB Does Not Accelerate Healing in Diabetic Mice with Splinted Skin Wounds (2014)

Topical application of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is considered to accelerate tissue repair of impaired chronic wounds. However, the vast literature is plagued with conflicting reports of its efficacy in animal models and this is often influenced by a wide array of experimental variables making it difficult to compare the results across the studies. To mitigate the confounding variables that influence the efficacy of topically applied PDGF-BB, we used a controlled full thickness splinted excisional wound model in db/db mice (type 2 diabetic mouse model) for our investigations. A carefully-defined silicone-splinted wound model, with reduced wound contraction, controlled splint and bandage maintenance, allowing for healing primarily by reepithelialization was employed. Two splinted 8 mm dorsal full thickness wounds were made in db/db mice. Wounds were topically treated once daily with either 3 µg PDGF-BB in 30 µl of 5% PEG-PBS vehicle or an equal volume of vehicle for 10 days. Body weights, wound contraction, wound closure, reepithelialization, collagen content, and wound bed inflammation were evaluated clinically and histopathologically. The bioactivity of PDGF-BB was confirmed by in vitro proliferation assay. PDGF-BB, although bioactive in vitro, failed to accelerate wound healing in vivo in the db/db mice using the splinted wound model. Considering that the predominant mechanism of wound healing in humans is by re-epithelialization, the most appropriate model for evaluating therapeutics is one that uses splints to prevent excessive wound contraction. Here, we report that PDGF-BB does not promote wound closure by re-epithelialization in a murine splinted wound model. Our results highlight that the effects of cytoactive factors reported in vivo ought to be carefully interpreted with critical consideration of the wound model used.
LITHIUM CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRIAL POLYMERIZATION (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLITHIUM CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRIAL POLYMERIZATIONC. W. KamienskiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1965, 57, 1, 38–55Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50661a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50661a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Differential modulation of cytokine production by macrolides: interleukin-6 production is increased by spiramycin and erythromycin (1991)

Antibiotics do not act alone but act in conjunction with the host defense system. In particular, it has been shown that some antibiotics can modify cytokine production. We compared the in vitro effects of three macrolides (roxithromycin, spiramycin, and erythromycin) actively concentrated by leukocytes on interleukin-1 alpha, (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Our results show that the three macrolides tested have different effects on production of these cytokines. Spiramycin and, to a lesser extent, erythromycin increased total IL-6 production without affecting IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, or tumor necrosis factor alpha production, whereas roxithromycin had no effect. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an antibiotic has been shown to increase IL-6 production.
Wind tunnel investigation of grid fin and conventional planar control surfaces (2001)

The present wind tunnel investigation is part of a project studying the effectiveness of grid fin controls on missiles and projectiles. As part of this program, wind tunnel tests were conducted over a range of Mach numbers from 0.5 to 3.0, and aerodynamic coefficients were generated for various body configurations. A second model, with conventional planar surface controls, was also studied under the same conditions. Increase axial force, reduced normal force, and a marked reduction in static stability for the grid fins configuration over the conventional one were the results of this comparison. Another interesting result from the grid fin model, which was shown during the build-up component study, is that the two elevators generated almost 100% of the normal force of the complete body.
Erratum: “Multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films prepared via a simple sol-gel method” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 142503 (2006)] (2006)

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Shoulder Arthroplasty (2007)

This compact, well-illustrated book is a useful manual to optimise the results of shoulder arthroplasty. It is carefully edited by Drs Bigliani and Flatow, who have created a coherent and precise review of the subject with minimal repetition. The origin of the publication inevitably generates a
Evaluation of the total time in system in a preempt/resume priority queue via a modified Lindley process (1983)

A Poisson stream of arrival rate λ I and service-time distribution A I ( x ) has preempt/resume priority over a second stream of rate λ II and distribution A II ( x ). Abundant theoretical results exist for this system, but severe numerical difficulties have made many descriptive distributions unavailable. Moreover, the distribution of total time in system of low-priority customers has not been discussed theoretically. It is shown that the waiting-time sequences of such customers before first entry into service is a Lindley process modified by replacement. This leads to the total time distribution needed. A variety of descriptive distributions, transient and stationary, is obtained numerically via the Laguerre transform method.
Polypyrrole Nanowires Grown from Single Adsorbed Polyelectrolyte Molecules (2005)

Leitfähige Polypyrrol(Ppy)-Nanodrähte (siehe Bild) lassen sich aus einzelnen adsorbierten synthetischen Polyelektrolytmolekülen durch oxidative Polykondensation von Pyrrol erzeugen. Ort und Länge der Ppy-Nanodrähte werden durch Ort und Länge der adsorbierten Einzelmolekültemplate festgelegt. Der Durchmesser der Ppy-Nanodrähte liegt zwischen ein paar und mehreren hundert Nanometern und kann über die Reaktionsbedingungen festgelegt werden. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z501354_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.