gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single scattering albedo of fine mineral dust aerosols controlled by iron concentration (2012)

Sign and magnitude of solar aerosol direct radiative forcing are largely determined by the aerosol single scattering albedo ( SSA ) and the albedo of the underlying scene (e.g., surface albedo). On a global scale, mineral dust aerosol has the largest mass emission rate, average column mass burden, and average optical depth of all aerosol types. Therefore, better understanding of its optical properties with a focus on SSA is of great importance. Here, we entrain ten bulk soil samples from deserts and semi‐arid regions in the Arabian Peninsula, from locations representative of the Sahara and Sahel in North Africa, and from Northeast Africa and South‐Central Asia. We segregate the fine particle fraction (aerodynamic diameter &lt; 2.5 μ m) and measure its iron content with an x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer and its aerosol SSA and absorption, scattering, and extinction Ångström coefficients for two wavelengths (405 nm and 870 nm) with a photoacoustic instrument with integrating reciprocal nephelometer. Results show that SSA is much lower at 405 nm than at 870 nm and that SSA at both wavelengths is dominated by and linearly correlated with the iron content of the entrained mineral dust. The second result points toward potential use of SSA remote sensing to measure aerosol iron content and vice versa, measurements of iron content with simple filter sampling followed by XRF analysis, providing an assessment of SSA for aerosol radiative forcing calculations and modeling. Average Ångström coefficients were ≈3.2 for absorption, ≈−0.4 for scattering, and ≈−0.3 for extinction and showed little correlation with iron content.
Conjugates ofTremellaPolysaccharides with Microbeads and their TNF-Stimulating Activity (1998)

A mannan (A) and a heteroglycan (D) were prepared by partial acidic hydrolysis of T3, a major polysaccharide fraction of the fungus Tremella fuciformis Berk. Methylation analysis of A and D showed that they contained a 1-->3 linked mannosyl main chain, to which were linked different side chains at position 2, 4, or 6 of the mannosyl residues. A and D were conjugated to albumin microbeads (AM) by reductive amination. The conjugates showed significant cytokine-stimulating activity in vitro whereas unconjugated AM had no activity. Not conjugated A and D showed cytokine-stimulating activity only in about 100 times higher concentrations.
Addressing cyber security for the oil, gas and energy sector (2014)

The rapid spread of cyber threats and attacks are forcing many organizations to rethink their cyber security policies and standards. The latest cyber-attacks are well structured, organized, vicious, destructive and exceptionally sophisticated. The new reality of relentless cyber-attacks is causing havoc at a high level within oil and energy companies. There is a great need for developing and establishing new processes and policies with which to train a new “tech savvy” generation of professionals; who can then create and implement solid, systematic and sound cyber security policies. Cyber defense standards cannot be achieved fast enough to deal with this evolving threat.
Structural Characterization of Polycarbonates for Membrane Applications by Atomic Level Simulation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Characterization of Polycarbonates for Membrane Applications by Atomic Level SimulationFrank T. Gentile, Simone Arizzi, Ulrich W. Suter, and Peter J. LudoviceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 12, 4193–4201Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00039a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00039a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Step and Flash Nano Imprint Lithography of 80 nm Dense Line Pattern Using Trehalose Derivative Resist Material (2010)

High resolution trehalose derivative resist which had specific desired properties was successfully developed for step and flash nano imprint lithography as one of advanced alternative lithography techniques. Step and flash nano imprint lithography is expected to be a high resolution, thin residual resist thickness, an ambient temperature and cost reduction technique in manufacturing. Excellent 80 nm dense line patterning was demonstrated in nano imprint lithography with ultraviolet crosslinking process. Lower film thickness shrinkage of the newly developed liquid trehalose derivative resist than that of acrylate type resist was one of key to achieve high resolution nano imprint patterns.
Identification and optimisation of next generation inhibitors of IDO1 and TDO (2015)

Meeting abstracts The enzymes tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) catalyse oxidation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) leading to the formation of immunosuppressive kynurenine (Kyn) pathway metabolites that dampen the immune response in the tumour
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Perfluoroalkylation Reactions (2014)

Abstract Review: [32 refs.
Evaluation of the Effects of Nanomaterials on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Responses: Underlining the Benefits of Nanotechnology for Agricultural Applications (2021)

The application of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture as nanofertilizers or nanopesticides is receiving increased attention from regulatory agencies and research institutions worldwide. Soil and bodies of water are among the most massive sinks for commercial products containing engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) after use. This may affect agricultural ecosystems, mainly those with a high demand for irrigation water supply such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. This review describes the responses of different rice cultivars exposed to ENPs at different growth stages and under different conditions. Data on seed germination, uptake and translocation of ENPs, biomass production, nutrient profiles, and photosynthesis-related parameters are discussed. Critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential use of nanotechnology to improve agricultural production are highlighted.
Effect of Air Exposure on Surface Properties, Electronic Structure, and Carrier Relaxation in PbSe Nanocrystals (2010)

Effects of air exposure on surface properties, electronic structure, and carrier relaxation dynamics in colloidal PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. We show that exposure of NC hexane solutions to air under ambient conditions leads to rapid oxidation of NCs such that up to 50% of their volume is transformed into PbO, SeO2, or PbSeO3 within 24 h. The oxidation is a thermally activated process, spontaneous at room temperature. The oxidation-induced reduction in the size of the PbSe "core" increases quantum confinement, causing shifts of the PL band and the absorption onset to higher energies. The exposure of NC solutions to air also causes rapid (within minutes) quenching of PL intensity followed by slow (within hours) recovery during which the PL quantum yield can reach values exceeding those observed prior to the air exposure. The short-term PL quenching is attributed to enhanced carrier trapping induced by adsorption of oxygen onto the NC surface, while the PL recovery at longer times is predominantly due to reduction in the efficiency of the "intrinsic" nonradiative interband recombination caused by the increase of the band gap in oxidized NCs. Although the analysis of subnanosecond relaxation dynamics in air-exposed NCs is complicated by a significant enhancement in fast carrier trapping, our picosecond PL measurements suggest that air exposure likely has only a weak effect on Auger recombination and also does not significantly affect the efficiency of carrier multiplication. We also show that the effects of air exposure are partially suppressed in PbSe/CdSe core/shell structures.
T Cell Lymphoma and Leukemia in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Pigs following Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Case Report (2017)

After the discovery of naturally occurring severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) within a selection line of pigs at Iowa State University, we found two causative mutations in the Artemis gene: haplotype 12 (ART12) and haplotype 16 (ART16). Bone marrow transplants (BMTs) were performed to create genetically SCID and phenotypically immunocompetent breeding animals to establish a SCID colony for further characterization and research utilization. Of nine original BMT transfer recipients, only four achieved successful engraftment. At approximately 11 months of age, both animals homozygous for the ART16 mutation were diagnosed with T cell lymphoma. One of these ART16/ART16 recipients was a male who received a transplant from a female sibling; the tumors in this recipient consist primarily of Y chromosome-positive cells. The other ART16/ART16 animal also presented with leukemia in addition to T cell lymphoma, while one of the ART12/ART16 compound heterozygote recipients presented with a nephroblastoma at a similar age. Human Artemis SCID patients have reported cases of lymphoma associated with a "leaky" Artemis phenotype. The naturally occurring Artemis SCID pig offers a large animal model more similar to human SCID patients and may offer a naturally occurring cancer model and provides a valuable platform for therapy development.
Pentecostalism. By John Thomas Nichol. New York: Harper & Row, 1966. xvi + 264 pp. $5.95. (1967)

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New electrocatalysis for dioxygen reduction and water oxidation (2013)

Electrocatalysis is key to the efficient interconversion of elec. and chem. energies, an important component of future energy&#13;\ntechnologies. We have developed new electrocatalysts for the oxygen redn. reaction (ORR), incorporating proton relays in the&#13;\nsecond coordination sphere. Iron-tetrakis(2-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin chloride is an active, stable, and unusually selective ORR&#13;\nelectrocatalyst in acidic acetonitrile, reducing O_2 almost entirely to H_2O rather than H_2O_2. The related tetrakis(2-pyridyl)&#13;\nporphyrin complex is also a relatively selective ORR electrocatalyst in acidic water, despite the long distance between the&#13;\npyridyl nitrogen atoms and the iron center. The role of the proton relays, and now complexes with flexible tripodal ligands and&#13;\npendent tertiary amines, will be discussed. New developments in the electrocatalysis of water oxidn. by copper-bipyridine&#13;\nspecies will also be presented.
A robust focusing and astigmatism correction method for the scanning electron microscope—Part III: An improved technique (1998)

Abstract As described in a previous work, a new technique has been developed to perform automatic focusing and astigmatism correction on any general scanning electron microscope (SEM) sample ranging from gold‐on‐carbon to integrated circuit (IC) tracks. In this work, various improvements made to this technique are reported. They include the implementation of direct control of the SEM and the development of three new algorithms, namely the adaptive fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, the coarse focusing algorithm, and the fine focusing algorithm. Direct control reduces the communication time with the SEM while the three new algorithms are integrated with the existing technique to make it even more robust to noise and to extend it to correct images with any degree of defocus and astigmatism. The enhanced focusing and astigmatism correction algorithm is able to perform the correction in a shorter time while maintaining the accuracy of the original algorithm even under noisy conditions.
Marginal zone B cells exhibit unique activation, proliferative and immunoglobulin secretory responses (1997)

Mouse splenic B cells can be separated based on their distinctive expression of cell surface antigens. Marginal zone (MZ) B cells are CD38high CD21high CD23low/-, while follicular (FO) B cells are CD21int CD23int and newly formed (NF) B cells are CD21dim/- CD23-. Exploiting these phenotypic distinctions, we isolated the three B cell subsets and assessed their other phenotypic differences and functional capabilities in vitro. FO B cells proliferate more than the other B cell subsets in response to either IgM or CD38 cross-linking. MZ B cells proliferate better than FO B cells when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sub-optimal levels of LPS and CD38 cross-linking or CD40 ligation. When NF, FO and MZ B cells were stimulated with either LPS or LPS and interleukin-4, MZ B cells secreted more IgM and IgG3 than the other two subsets. Similarly, calcium fluxes measured within MZ B cells are larger in amplitude and more sustained after B cell receptor cross-linking than those found in the other two subsets. Collectively, these results indicate that CD38high CD21high CD23low/- MZ B cells are specially suited to play a unique role in response to antigens delivered to the MZ area.
Tumor Targeted Delivery of an Anti‐Cancer Therapeutic: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation (2020)

The limited effectiveness of current therapeutics against malignant brain gliomas has led to an urgent need for development of new formulations against these tumors. Chelator Dp44mT (di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) presents a promising candidate to defeat gliomas due to its exceptional anti-tumor activity and its unique ability to overcome multidrug resistance. The goal of this study is to develop a targeted nano-carrier for Dp44mT delivery to glioma tumors and to assess its therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Dp44mT is loaded into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with glioma-targeting ligand Interlukin 13 (IL13). IL13-conjugation enhanced the NP uptake by glioma cells and also improved their transport across an in vitro blood-brain-barrier (BBB) model. This targeted formulation showed an outstanding toxicity towards glioma cell lines and patient-derived stem cells in vitro, with IC<sub>50</sub> values less than 125 nM, and caused no significant death in healthy brain microvascular endothelial cells. In vivo, when tested on a xenograft mouse model, IL13-conjugated Dp44mT-NPs reduced the glioma tumor growth by ≈62% while their untargeted counterparts reduced the tumor growth by only ≈16%. Notably, this formulation does not cause any significant weight loss or kidney/liver toxicity in mice, demonstrating its great therapeutic potential.
Filtered white noise and repetitive chirp broadband quadrupolar excitation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry at 1 tesla (1997)

Radiofrequency (RF) chirp and filtered white noise are compared as waveforms for broadband quadrupolar excitation. Ions are formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry and axialized by quadrupolar excitation. Both quadrupolar excitation waveforms are capable of axializing ions over a range of masses. Remeasurement efficiencies for repetitive chirp excitation are greater than 98%. Remeasurement efficiencies for noise excitation are lower, 80%. The duration of transients recorded using either broadband excitation method is several orders of magnitude longer than for ions that have not been axialized.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With 30-Day Readmission for Alcoholic Hepatitis (2019)

The 30-day readmission rate in patients with AH was high and stable during the study period. Factors associated with readmission may be helpful for development of consensus-based expert guidelines, treatment algorithms, and policy changes to help decrease readmission in AH.
Widespread expression of human alpha 1-antitrypsin in transgenic mice revealed by in situ hybridization. (1989)

In situ hybridization is a powerful means of identifying sites of gene expression. We used this technique to examine the spatial and developmental control of transcription of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) gene in transgenic mice carrying this gene and extensive 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences. In addition to expression in yolk sac and liver, human alpha 1AT RNA was detected in gut, stomach, pancreas, nasal epithelium, pharynx, bronchi, spinal ganglia, and ossifying cartilage of transgenic fetuses at 14.5 days post coitum (dpc). In transgenic adults, expression was no longer found in the pancreas but was found in the kidney and salivary gland. In each tissue, expression was confined to a specific cell population. This pattern of alpha 1AT expression was found to correlate with that seen in several fetal and adult human tissues. These results suggest a wider role of alpha 1AT in human physiology and development than previously suspected, and they demonstrated the potential value of this approach in delineating the physiological role of human proteins. Expression of the endogenous alpha 1AT gene in mice was confined to a limited, but overlapping, set of tissues, suggesting that the cis-acting DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the human and mouse genes interact differently with transcription factors present in mouse cells.
A Novel Photosynthetic Strategy for Adaptation to Low-Iron Aquatic Environments (2010)

Iron (Fe) availability is a major limiting factor for primary production in aquatic environments. Cyanobacteria respond to Fe deficiency by derepressing the isiAB operon, which encodes the antenna protein IsiA and flavodoxin. At nanomolar Fe concentrations, a PSI-IsiA supercomplex forms, comprising a PSI trimer encircled by two complete IsiA rings. This PSI-IsiA supercomplex is the largest photosynthetic membrane protein complex yet isolated. This study presents a detailed characterization of this complex using transmission electron microscopy and ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy. Excitation trapping and electron transfer are highly efficient, allowing cyanobacteria to avoid oxidative stress. This mechanism may be a major factor used by cyanobacteria to successfully adapt to modern low-Fe environments.
Studies on Amoebiasis. (1971)

Axenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica are being studied from the point of view of the intracellular control of virulence. Reassociation with various bacterial strains alters virulence and is correlated with hydrolytic enzymic as well as nucleic acid synthesis. A model system is utilized to study enzyme induction and its relation to increased virulence discussed.
Correction: Insights into the genetic epidemiology of Crohn's and rare diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (2019)

&lt;p&gt;Correction: Insights into the genetic epidemiology of Crohn's and rare diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population&lt;/p&gt;
Ion-Exchangeable Molybdenum Sulfide Porous Chalcogel: Gas Adsorption and Capture of Iodine and Mercury (2015)

We report the synthesis of ion-exchangeable molybdenum sulfide chalcogel through an oxidative coupling process, using (NH4)2MoS4 and iodine. After supercritical drying, the MoS(x) amorphous aerogel shows a large surface area up to 370 m(2)/g with a broad range of pore sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and pair distribution function analyses reveal that Mo(6+) species undergo reduction during network assembly to produce Mo(4+)-containing species where the chalcogel network consists of [Mo3S13] building blocks comprising triangular Mo metal clusters and S2(2-) units. The optical band gap of the brown-black chalcogel is ∼1.36 eV. The ammonium sites present in the molybdenum sulfide chalcogel network are ion-exchangeable with K(+) and Cs(+) ions. The molybdenum sulfide aerogel exhibits high adsorption selectivities for CO2 and C2H6 over H2 and CH4. The aerogel also possesses high affinity for iodine and mercury.
A multiscale HDG method for second order elliptic equations. Part I. Polynomial and homogenization-based multiscale spaces (2013)

We introduce a finite element method for numerical upscaling of second order elliptic equations with highly heterogeneous coefficients. The method is based on a mixed formulation of the problem and the concepts of the domain decomposition and the hybrid discontinuous Galerkin methods. The method utilizes three different scales: (1) the scale of the partition of the domain of the problem, (2) the sale of partition of the boundaries of the subdomains (related to the corresponding space of Lagrange multipliers), and (3) the fine grid scale that is assumed to resolve the scale of the heterogeneous variation of the coefficients. Our proposed method gives a flexible framework that (1) couples independently generated multiscale basis functions in each coarse patch (2) provides a stable global coupling independent of local discretization, physical scales and contrast (3) allows avoiding any constraints on coarse spaces. In this paper, we develop and study a multiscale HDG method that uses polynomial and homogenization-based multiscale spaces. These coarse spaces are designed for problems with scale separation. In our consequent paper, we plan to extend our flexible HDG framework to more challenging multiscale problems with non-separable scales and high contrast and consider enriched coarse spaces that use appropriate local spectral problems.