gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Papillary Urothelial Hyperplasia (1996)

Precursor lesions of papillary urothelial neoplasms have not been well characterized. We reviewed the surgical pathology files of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and three regional hospitals from 1992 to present. Sixteen cases of papillary hyperplasia, defined as undulating urothelium arranged into thin mucosal papillary folds, were identified (in 11 men and five women: age range, 40-89 years). Relative to the diagnosis of papillary hyperplasia, nine patients had a history of papillary urothelial neoplasms; in one of these cases, the patient also had subsequent papillary urothelial neoplasms, and two of these patients had concurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms with papillary hyperplasia. In one of these nine cases, papillary hyperplasia arose in the scar of a prior papillary urothelial neoplasm. In two cases, the patients had concurrent, yet no prior history, of papillary urothelial neoplasms. Of these 11 cases, three had multiple resections showing papillary hyperplasia over time. In case 12, the patient had a history of moderate urothelial atypia. The remaining four patients had no history of papillary urothelial neoplasms or urothelial atypia. We describe papillary hyperplasia as a well-defined entity that is usually asymptomatic and generally found on routine follow-up cystoscopy for papillary urothelial neoplasms. Papillary hyperplasia appears to be a precursor lesion of low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms.
Binary phase spatial modulation using photoinduced anisotropy in amorphous As_2S_3 thin film (1995)

We present a method for binary phase spatial modulation that uses photoinduced anisotropy in a chalcogenide amorphous As(2)S(3) thin film and its application to binary phase-only filters in a VanderLugt optical correlator. The time-dependent light-transmission properties of the photoilluminated As(2)S(3) thin film are analytically examined by use of third-order nonlinear polarization theory. Experimental results on optical correlation are discussed.
Fecal HMGB1 Reveals Microscopic Inflammation in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical and Endoscopic Remission (2016)

Fecal HMGB1 is confirmed to be a reliable biomarker of intestinal inflammation; indeed, it significantly correlates with fecal calprotectin in pediatric and adult IBD patients. Moreover, only fecal HMGB1 identifies histologic inflammation in subjects with IBD in clinical and endoscopic remission.
TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma stimulate a macrophage precursor cell line to kill Listeria monocytogenes in a nitric oxide-independent manner. (1994)

Macrophages are important effector cells for resolving infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. However, not all macrophages have the ability to kill this organism. Certain factors, such as cytokines, are apparently required for induction of macrophage bactericidal activity. In vivo studies have shown that both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma play important roles in resistance against Listeria. Yet whether they act directly on macrophages has been difficult to determine, because homogeneous populations of cells that can be induced to express microbicidal activity have not been available. Instead, bactericidal macrophages are typically found in heterogeneous exudates, such as those elicited by inflammatory agents. In this study we show that sequential stimulation with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induces the nonphagocytic, nonbactericidal mouse macrophage precursor hybrid cell line W1C3 to phagocytose and kill Listeria efficiently. This provides the first direct evidence that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are both necessary and sufficient to induce macrophages to kill Listeria, and that they act directly on macrophages. Data presented here also show that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced the macrophages to produce large amounts of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), but complete inhibition of RNI generation did not decrease bactericidal activity. This indicates that induction of listericidal activity in these cells does not require generation of RNI. Taken together, these findings suggest that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma act in synergy directly on at least some macrophages to induce them to express listericidal activity in a RNI-independent manner.
Immunoassay of Catecholamines and Metabolites (1997)

specimens. Clinically, it is more relevant to use parameters that in some way reflect precision for specimens with very low concentrations that are different from zero. These include FS, BDL, and MDC. Within this group, however, only MDC is based on firm statistical reasoning: It specifies the concentration that has a certain probability to yield an estimated value above that for blank specimens. In contradistinction, the BDL combines the LLD and variability at low concentrations in an arbitrary way. And by its very definition, FS (the lowest concentration that achieves an interassay CV of 20%) is arbitrary as well.
Model testing study on engineering performances of circular helicoid piles during the whole process of installation and bearing in sandy soil (2022)

The circular helicoid pile (CH pile) is a new type of special-shaped pile that has been developed in Japan and South Korea in the past decade and has been widely used in the fields of construction, transportation, natural energy and agriculture due to its excellent compressive and pullout bearing performances. Consequently, this new type of pile has good engineering application prospects. However, as an innovative engineering structure, the CH pile is not widely known by geotechnical engineers worldwide. The geometric structure of the CH pile is similar to a circular helicoid in differential geometry. Therefore, the pile-soil interaction problem cannot be reduced to a plane strain problem or an axisymmetric problem in theoretical research. In view of this, dry silica sand was used as the model foundation in this study, and a model test device and method that can effectively reflect the installation process and loading-bearing service state of CH piles were developed. Under different installation methods, pile structures and foundation soil conditions, 90 model tests were carried out to evaluate the engineering performances of CH piles during the whole process of installation and bearing, including the installation performances during the installation process, the compressive bearing performances under axial compressive loading and the pullout bearing performances under axial pullout loading. Compared with steel sheet piles and steel pipe piles, CH piles have better engineering performance and more economic benefits from the aspects of installation, construction, recycling, timeliness of engineering application, and the relative relationship between bearing capacity and pile mass.
Fabrication of antimony doped tin oxide nanopowders as an advanced electrode material for supercapacitors (2018)

The antimony doped tin oxide (Sb‐SnO 2, ATO) nanopowders have been synthesised via a facile co‐precipitation method using absolute methanol as a solvent at room temperature and followed by a calcination process. The calcination process of fabricated ATO from precursor is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crystallite phase and morphological structure of ATO powder are examined by the X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. ATO material consisting of numerous sphere‐like nanoparticles with the diameter of 40–60 nm were further measured by electrochemical workstation, exhibiting the ATO nanostructure is an high‐conductivity electrode material with highly reversible features, good specific capacitance and good capacitance retention. The specific capacitance of the ATO electrode material shows 158.2 F g −1 at current density of 1 A g −1 , and specific capacitance retention remained 72% when the current density increases up to 10 A g −1 , indicating the ATO nanostructures materials can be considered as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
THE RESPONSE OF PREMATURE INFANTS TO INFECTION WITH ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS (1962)

Sixty-five premature infants were given CHAT type 1 live poliovirus vaccine. Seventeen other infants were retained as controls. Although 92% of the infants were infected with the attenuated poliovirus, only 59% of infected infants had a definite antibody response. The size of the infant did not seem to influence the duration of intestinal infection. In 86% of the infants there were significant levels of transplacentally acquired antibodies with an over-all half-life estimated at 23 days. Moderately high titers of homotypic maternal antibodies in the infants did not interfere with infection, nor was there obvious inhibition of active immunologic responses. Thirty-one of the infants were given a second feeding of the CHAT virus 2 to 5 months after the first administration. The primarily immunized infants were relatively, but seldom completely, resistant to re-infection. In contrast, infants that did not form antibodies after the primary infection seemed to be fully susceptible to re-infection. Moreover, there was no evidence of immunologic tolerance to poliovirus in these infants, for after the second infection poliomyelitis antibodies were invariably found. We concluded that, while premature infants are highly susceptible to infection with CHAT poliovirus, their immunologic responsiveness—just as in newborn full-term infants—is distinctly less than in infants 2 or 3 months old, but that exposure to poliovirus in early life does not impair later immunologic functioning.
Extended image gathers and reflectivity blurring (2015)

Summary A depth-imaging subsurface extended image gather is a blurred estimate of an interface reflection operator, comprised of plane-wave reflection coefficients. In principle the gather contains amplitude versus offset or angle information and we present a modelling theory for gathers that accounts for variable illumination and blurring. A good migration velocity model is assumed in which there is modelling as well as migration. The spatial evolution or instability of blurring functions is a key concept and there is generally not just spatial blurring, but also slowness or angle blurring that controls the apparent plane-wave reflectivity. Gridded blurring functions can be estimated with, for example, a reverse-time migration modelling engine. A calibration step is required to account for ad hoc band limitedness in the modelling and the method also exploits blurring-function reciprocity. To demonstrate the concepts we show numerical examples of various quantities using a simple 2D salt-body overburden model. The moderate slowness/angle blurring in this simple model suggests that its influence in amplitude versus offset or angle analysis should be considered in more realistic structures.
Fully-coupled Computational Modeling of the Dynamic Response of 1-3 Multiferroic Composite Structures (2020)

In this research, a fully-coupled finite element-based Multiphysics computational study was used to investigate a multiferroic composite structure comprised of a Terfenol-D magnetostrictive cylinder and a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric cylinder in a concentric bilayer configuration. The modeling parameters were carefully selected to address fundamental limitations in previous modeling efforts and accurately capture complex physical phenomena, including magnetic shielding, nonuniform magnetization, and principal strains. The composite structure was subjected to simultaneous stimuli of an AC electric field to actuate the outer PZT cylinder and a bias static magnetic field to activate the inner Terfenol-D cylinder. Composite geometry, configuration, and loading parameters were selected following prior experimental studies to simulate realistic operating conditions of the multiferroic structure, where the latter was used to validate the results of the computational model. The electric, magnetic, and mechanical responses of the multiferroic composite structure were vigorously investigated using the resulting three-dimensional full-field solution. It was found to be well-ordered with previous results, demonstrating the utility of the computational framework in exploiting the performance of the 1-3 multiferroic composite structures. To further elucidate the validity of the results, the experimental results from noncontact spatiotemporal laser vibrometer measurements, collected from a physical composite structure with analogous dimensions, were benchmarked with the simulation results. In all, the overall response of the model was validated with experimental displacement and strain measurements which were found to be in close agreement.
“In‐situ” monitoring of the non‐isothermal crystallization of polymers by dielectric spectroscopy (2002)

Abstract In recent years, experimental techniques based on microdielectrometry have attracted increasing interest for continuous monitoring, in a nondestructive way, of the advancement of the reaction of thermoset resins under cure. The extension of this technique for “ in ‐ situ ” monitoring of the crystallization of thermoplastics has been carried out. A correlation between the evolution of the dielectric parameters of the material and its viscoelastic properties was done. A dynamic rheometer equipped with a dielectric cell and an instrumented slit die was designed. The crystallization process is depicted by a conductivity drop and by the occurrence of a maximum in the real permittivity. The decrease of the specific conductivity results from a modification of the conductive paths, whereas the increase of the permittivity is due to an interfacial polarization phenomenon (so‐called Maxwell Wagner Sillars effect) between the amorphous phase and the growing crystalline entities. The sudden variation of the dielectric response is envisioned as a means for following the progression of the crystallization front within a mold. The description of the crystallization with Nakamura's model allowed the modeling of the crystallization inside a mold. The evolution of the temperature profile and of the crystallinity rate is modeled by a classical finite difference method. Dielectric measurements performed at controlled cooling rate experiments are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results and confirm the usefulness of dielectric measurements for “ In ‐ situ ” monitoring of the crystallization process of a polymer inside a mold.
O prawie i sprawiedliwości w pozalokalnym sensie (wokół Pascala i Levinasa) (2008)

W artykule konfrontuje sie Pascalowską i Levinasowską refleksje na temat sprawiedliwości. Obydwu autorom wspolne jest przekonanie o tym, iz nie sposob sprowadzic sprawiedliwości do jakkolwiek ustanowionego porządku prawnego. Ten bowiem odznacza sie lokalnością i partykularyzmem. Sprawiedliwośc w sensie pozalokalnym, tzw. prawdziwa sprawiedliwośc, wykracza poza istniejący porządek i obowiązujące prawa. Wedlug Levinasa, kwestionowanie, a nawet rozbijanie subiektywnie niesprawiedliwego porządku w imie „metafizycznego pragnienia” moze sluzyc ograniczeniu, choc nigdy wyeliminowaniu, niesprawiedliwości. Pascal jest natomiast sklonny twierdzic, ze pojecie sprawiedliwości nie ma zadnej pozytywnej treści, totez sluszne i prawdziwie rozumne jest „mamienie ludzi”, polegające nie na podwazeniu istniejącego porządku, lecz wpajaniu przekonania, ze sprawiedliwy jest obowiązujący status quo. Jednocześnie jednak Pascal mowic bedzie o niezwykle rzadkiej i niepewnej, pozarozumowej intuicji sprawiedliwości, danej wybranym w akcie niezasluzonej Bozej laski.
Denial of service attacks targeting a SIP VoIP infrastructure: attack scenarios and prevention mechanisms (2006)

In this article we address the issue of denial of service attacks targeting the hardware and software of voice over IP servers or by misusing specific signaling protocol features. As a signaling protocol we investigate here the session initiation protocol. In this context we mainly identify attacks based on exhaustion of the memory of VoIP servers, or attacks that incur high CPU load. We deliver an overview of different attack possibilities and explain some attacks in more detail, including attacks utilizing the DNS system and those targeting the parser. A major conclusion of the work is the knowledge that SIP provides a wide range of features that can be used to mount DoS attacks. Discovering these attacks is inherently difficult, as is the case with DoS attacks on other IP components. However, with adequate server design, efficient implementation, and appropriate hardware, the effects of a large portion of attacks can be reduced
Standardization of reticulocyte counts in the athlete biological passport: A practical update (2021)

A model is proposed for the comparison of data across XN and XT/XE technologies whereby the instrument bias increases proportionally with RET% measured on Sysmex XN Series, but where the rate of increase is negatively related to IRF%.
Low-cost, high reliability flip-chip removal for multi-chip modules (2003)

The prevalent trend to consolidate devices onto multi-chip modules due to electrical performance benefits and printed circuit board real-estate constraints drives the need to have a device replacement technology. The ability to remove and replace devices, for either defective conditions or upgrade level designs, while preserving the electrical integrity and reliability of the other components on the module at various stages of manufacture is essential. It is not a cost-effective option to discard the remaining expensive die or to scrap the fully assembled complex module. The process must also be able to be exercised easily in a development environment where resources are at a minimum, but the learning generated through the ability to perform such operations in-situ is imperative. With the emergence of OEM assembly vendors, this technique and process must also be simple, inexpensive and easy to use, as a company should not be required to invest large resources in remove and replace manufacturing operations.
Julius Dreschfeld. Born at Nieder‐Warm, Bavaria, October 1845–Died at Manchester 1907 (1909)

On coming to Manchester, at the age of 16, he became a student in Owens College, and gained distinction in Chemistry and Mathematics and even in English.His medical course, which began in the Manchester Royal School of Medicine, was continued a t the University of Wurzburg.The Medical School of this University had then on its staff Kolliker, von Bezold, Virchow, and Bamberger.Under the direction of von Bezold young Dreschfeld carried out an experimental investigation on the action of the vagus on blood pressure, and in 1867 he obtained the degree of M.D. in the University, by a thesis based on this work.
Pulse shortening, spatial mode cleaning, and intense terahertz generation by filamentation in xenon (2007)

We performed a comprehensive study of filamentation in xenon. Due to its high nonlinear refraction index, but relatively low ionization potential, xenon can support filamentation at peak powers lower than in air. In our experiments, we studied pulse shortening, spatial mode cleaning, and generation of terahertz radiation. We observed that in xenon, self-compression is easily obtainable and terahertz radiation generation efficiency is significantly stronger as compared to air.
Eddy-correlation measurements of the dry deposition of particulate sulfur and submicron particles (1982)

Results are summarized on direct eddy-correlation measurements of deposition velocities of particulate sulfur found on three occasions over grass, once over a pine forest, and once over a deciduous forest in wintertime. Also, the relationship of particulate sulfur flux to the air-surface exchange of other submicron particulate materials is considered.
PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF Lyα EMITTERS ATz≈ 4.86 IN THE COSMOS 2 SQUARE DEGREE FIELD (2009)

We present results of a survey for Lyα emitters at z ≈ 4.86 based on optical narrowband (λ_c = 7126 Å, Δλ = 73 Å) and broadband (B, V, r', i', and z') observations of the Cosmic Evolution Survey field using Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. We find 79 Lyα emitter (LAE) candidates at z ≈ 4.86 over a contiguous survey area of 1.83 deg^2, down to the Lyα line flux of 1.47 × 10^(–17) erg s^(-1) cm^(–2). We obtain the Lyα luminosity function with a best-fit Schechter parameters of log L* = 42.9^(+0.5)_(–0.3) erg s^(-1) and Ф* = 1.2^(+8.0)_(–1.1) × 10^(–4) Mpc^(-3) for α = –1.5 (fixed). The two-point correlation function for our LAE sample is ξ(r) = (r/4.4^(+5.7)_(–2.9) Mpc)^(–1.90±0.22). In order to investigate the field-to-field variations of the properties of Lyα emitters, we divide the survey area into nine tiles of 0°.5 × 0°.5 each. We find that the number density varies with a factor of ≃ 2 from field to field with high statistical significance. However, we find no significant field-to-field variance when we divide the field into four tiles with 0°.7 × 0°.7 each. We conclude that at least 0.5 deg^2 survey area is required to derive averaged properties of LAEs at z ~ 5, and our survey field is wide enough to overcome the cosmic variance.
Phylogenetic spectrum and analysis of antibacterial activities of leaf extracts from plants of the genus Rhododendron (2015)

For the first time, our comprehensive study demonstrated that compounds with antimicrobial activities accumulate in the leaves of certain Rhododendron species, which mainly belong to a particular subgenus. The results suggested that common genetic traits are responsible for the production of bioactive secondary metabolite(s) which act primarily on Gram-positive organisms, and which may affect Gram-negative bacteria in dependence of the activity of multidrug efflux pumps in their cell envelope.
A data-driven approach to discovering common brain anatomy (2009)

An atlas defines a common coordinate system to enable the comparison of data from different subjects. Key in the development of a brain atlas are the identification of a common coordinate system and the definition of a procedure for aligning an individual brain to the common coordinate system. The algorithms used for atlas construction to date have not sought to characterize residual anatomical variability after registration, and have sought to assign equal weight to each subject, rather than assessing their degree of commonality. Our new algorithm defines a common coordinate system by estimating the typical anatomical distribution of brain structures and characterizes the quality of alignment of each subject within the common coordinate system. Residual anatomical variability is quantitatively described by the extent to which the brain structures of an individual fail to match the typical anatomy. We have applied this to cohorts of 14 adult and 11 newborn brain segmentations and demonstrated the ability of the algorithm to distinguish groups of subjects in a clinically relevant application.
Surface and Downhole Production Safety Systems for Sour Oil and Gas Wells (1985)

ABSTRACT The work on sour gas and oil wells by its nature is dangerous. Highly flamable and toxic sour gas and fluids under high pressure need to be handled by special equipment in a hostile environment. Within ADCO, safety systems have been developed to protect the large investment, the environment and safety of operating personnel. As a result of the high pressure and sour production involved, it is necessary to incorporate high – strength tubular materials and safety features such as surface controlled sub-surface safety valves, kill/dump valves, downhole packers and chemical injection systems into the completion design. Several types of surface and sub-surface systems have been reviewed and tested for use in our onshore sour gas and oil wells in Abu Dhabi.