gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fire resistance of concrete walls with light aggregate (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the design methods for fire-exposed concrete columns and walls. In addition, it presents analyses and tests showing that the methods are applicable for designing columns and walls of lightweight aggregate concrete based on expanded clay aggregate as well as heavy normal weight concrete and that the methods fit smoothly with cold design, when the fire exposure varies towards no fire. Design/methodology/approach During the 1990s, some of these design methods were included in the Eurocode as “the zone method”. They are still a part of the code. The rest of the methods, which were not included, served in practice, teaching and research. The present paper derives calculation methods proving their connection with common design for load cases without fire exposure. Furthermore, the paper presents full-scale tests proving the validation of the design methods for structural members of light aggregate concrete in addition to the full-scale tests of heavy concrete members. Findings The design methods give correct estimates of the load-bearing capacity of eccentric loaded concrete columns. An extended version of the methods estimates load-bearing capacity for walls with fire exposure on one side with sufficient accuracy for the purpose of design. Originality/value The author developed the main parts of the design methods in the 1980s and 1990s and others have from time to time referred to some parts of them mainly the minor parts published in the Eurocodes. However, owing to work overload, the author has not published the derivation and verification of them before. This paper provides in particular a verification against full-scale tests of light-aggregate concrete walls not published before.
Achievement Outside the Classroom: The Role of Nonacademic Activities in the Lives of High School Students (1988)

The impact of nonacademic activities on the lives of high school students was examined through interviews and participant observation. The sample consisted of 30 mildly handicapped students from special education and 30 average students from regular education. Findings indicate that regular education students were more likely than special education students to be seriously involved in activities outside of school. Boys were more likely to have outside interests than girls, but girls appeared to be more realistic in their plans to pursue their interests as future careers. Individual case studies suggest that nonacademic activities provide an alternative path to achievement and self‐esteem for many young people who are not high achievers in school.
Why-Question Answering using Intra- and Inter-Sentential Causal Relations (2013)

In this paper, we explore the utility of intra- and inter-sentential causal relations between terms or clauses as evidence for answering why-questions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that uses both intra- and inter-sentential causal relations for why-QA. We also propose a method for assessing the appropriateness of causal relations as answers to a given question using the semantic orientation of excitation proposed by Hashimoto et al. (2012). By applying these ideas to Japanese why-QA, we improved precision by 4.4 % against all the questions in our test set over the current state-of-theart system for Japanese why-QA. In addition, unlike the state-of-the-art system, our system could achieve very high precision (83.2%) for 25 % of all the questions in the test set by restricting its output to the confident answers only. 1
A general strategy for cloning double-stranded RNA: nucleotide sepuence of the Simian-11 rotavirus gene 8 (1982)

Using Simian-11 rotavirus RNA, a strategy has been developed for the production of full length cloned copies of the genes of double-stranded (dsRNA) viruses. Genomic RNA segments were polyadenylated and reverse transcribed to yield a mixture of full length cDNA copies of both possible polarities. The cDNAs were annealed, filled in to complete any partial copies, tailed and inserted into the PstI site of pBR322 using dG/dC tailing. Cloned rotavirus cDNA gene copies were assigned to genomic RNA segments by Northern hybridization. The complete sequence of gene 8 which codes for NCVP3, a non-structural protein of SA11 rotavirus, was determined from a cloned gene copy. It is 1059 bases in length and has an open reading frame which could code for a protein containing 317 amino acids. The apparent 5' and 3' terminal non coding regions are 46 and 59 bases in length, respectively. The sequence ATGTGACCOH at the 3' end of the plus strand is conserved in four of the eleven genes examined. The cloning procedures used should be generally applicable to viruses with segmented dsRNA genomes.
Dynamic planar map illustration (2007)

There are many types of illustrations that are easier to create in planar-map-based illustration systems than in the more common stacking-based systems. One weakness shared by all existing planar-map-based systems is that the editability of the drawing is severely hampered once coloring has begun. The paths that define the areas to be filled become divided wherever they intersect, making it difficult or impossible to edit them as a whole.
Modeling suspension bridges through the von Kármán quasilinear plate equations (2014)

A rectangular plate modeling the deck of a suspension bridge is considered. The plate may widely oscillate, which suggests to consider models from nonlinear elasticity. The von Kármán plate model is studied, complemented with the action of the hangers and with suitable boundary conditions describing the behavior of the deck. The oscillating modes are determined in full detail. Existence and multiplicity of static equilibria are then obtained under different assumptions on the strength of the buckling load.
Abstract 2282: Immune modulation of the T cell repertoire in mice following immunotherapy and chemotherapy combination treatments (2023)

Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint blockade therapeutics have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, most patients are either unresponsive or develop acquired resistance. Understanding patient-specific temporal T cell repertoires in the context of immune interventions will contribute to a better understanding of potential improvement strategies for better T cell anti-tumor immunity. Current methods to understand the T cell repertoire changes over time are limited due to the limited amount of material and prohibitive cost. In this study, we designed and performed longitudinal TCR sequencing in mice treated with multiple therapies. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were used in each treatment group, with blood drawn overtime before, during and after treatment. Mice were treated with a combination of immunotherapeutic agents and OVA peptide immunization, 100µl blood was drawn at multiple pre-, on- and post-treatment time points followed subsequently by TCR sequencing. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is known to cause lymphodepletion followed by homeostatic proliferation. Thus, we also treated B16-F10 tumor bearing mice with CTX, and performed TCR sequencing on blood draws pre-, on-, and post-treatment to track TCR clone diversity and clonality over time. Results: We find that our method is sensitive enough to detect effects of immunotherapies on TCR diversity in small sample quantities. Using our method, we discovered that certain immunotherapeutic agents, most evidently CD40, have a significant but transient effect on the diversity of the T cell repertoire. We observed an initial increase in repertoire clonality, seven days post CD40 treatment followed by contraction. We show how we can identify antigen specific T cells and follow reacting T cell clones. In addition, we find that CTX treatment is associated with increased clonality in tumor bearing mice particularly in the week following treatment reflecting changes in the TCR repertoire. Conclusion: We have developed a method by which we can follow the TCR repertoire in mice treated with immunotherapy or chemotherapy. This enabled us to isolate and study the effects of different immune modulatory drugs of the endogenous T cell repertoire overtime. Citation Format: Yuval Elhanati, Mariam M. George, Hyejin Choi, Rachana Maniyar, Linda Hamadane, Neeman Mohibullah, Benjamin D. Greenbaum, Taha Merghoub. Immune modulation of the T cell repertoire in mice following immunotherapy and chemotherapy combination treatments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2282.
Surface and interface characterization of Ru/C/Ru trilayer structure using grazing incidence X‐ray reflectivity and X‐ray fluorescence (2021)

In 8‐ to 20‐keV photon energy region, ruthenium and carbon thin films are used in multilayer monochromators. In the present study, this material combination is explored for X‐ray waveguide applications in hard X‐ray region. The structural parameters (thickness of each layer) of Ru/C/Ru waveguide structure are optimized to get maximum intensity enhancement of fundamental mode inside carbon guiding layer. A sample with optimized structural parameters is deposited using ion beam sputtering (IBS) technique and characterized using X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence X‐ray fluorescence (GIXRF) techniques. The analysis suggests that the density of bottom Ru layer and carbon guiding layer is close to bulk density (~97% for Ru and ~95% for carbon), whereas density of top Ru layer is slightly lower (~93% of bulk density). A ~10% of thickness variation in top cladding layer along with marginal change in layer density deteriorate field enhancement in TE 0 mode by more than three times. Effect of thickness and density variation on waveguide (Ru [7 nm]/C [18 nm]/Ru [20 nm]) performance is discussed.
Liver resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation therapy (2018)

Salvage liver resection of recurrent HCC after RFA could be recommended due to the safety of the procedure, especially in patients without local tumor progression after RFA.
The family braconidae (hymenoptera) parasitoids: taxonomy and behavior (2015)

Vietnam is a tropical country with high diversity in insect distribution along the country. Rice, vegetables, maize, and beans are grown in all the country and share almost the same pest and parasitoids although the weather range is much different among the country. Long (2011) has listed about 300 species of parasitic braconids in agricultural landscapes in Vietnam and they are playing very important for biological control of insect pests. The short review provides some information on the diversity of parasitic braconids in Vietnam, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the world and the different behavior strategy.
Asymmetric Dewetting: Printing Patterned Fine 3D Structures by Manipulating the Three Phase Contact Line (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2015) (2015)

On page 2237, Y. Song, F. Y. Li, and co-workers demonstrate a facile strategy to directly print controllable 3D structures and morphologies from one droplet. Through designing hydrophilic pattern on hydrophobic surface, the surface energy difference results in asymmetric retraction of the three phase contact line, which leads to various 3D structures. This idea to precisely print the 3D structures could open a new avenue for controllable 3D manufacture.
Resource usage prediction for optimal and balanced provision of multimedia services (2014)

This paper proposes a novel network architecture for optimal and balanced provision of multimedia services, exploiting a resource prediction system. This architecture enables for the long-term prediction of multimedia services future demands, based on the history of previous network resources usage. The proposed research approach provides the opportunity for the optimal distribution of streaming data, among Content Delivery Networks, cloud-based providers and Home Media Gateways. The short-term prediction that is performed, enables for making the proper decisions by the system, according to specific network metrics, towards achieving higher Quality of Service and Quality of Experience for the end users. The validity of the proposed system is verified through several sets of extended experimental simulation tests, carried out under controlled simulation conditions.
How to do everything with HTML (2001)

From the Publisher:
Another release in our popular How to Do Everything series,this friendly,solutions-oriented book is filled with step-by-step examples for writing HTML code. Each chapter begins with the specific how-to topics that will be covered. Within the chapters,each topic is accompanied by a solid,easy-to-follow walkthrough of the process. You'll learn to build a dynamic Web site with HTML,complete with graphics,links,multimedia,and animation. The book also contains practical coverage of DHTML,JavaScript,and CGI. 
Even if you've never programmed,this guidebook gives you a sure-fire,step-by-step method for learning HTMLthe most widely-used language of the Web. Written in an easy-to-understand format,How to Do Everything with HTML is designed for anyone who's even thought about creating a Web page. Learn the essentials of positioning and modifying text,importing graphics,creating active links to other Web sites,and how to post your masterpiece to the Internet where everyone can enjoy it. Whether your goals are personal or professional,this book can help you make the most of your own Web site. 

Join the online community by building your very own customized Web siteFind what you need with organized,step-by-step coverage of HTMLGrasp the basics easilyeven if you're a total newcomer to Web authoringGet the most from your Internet service provider by utilizing free Web spaceDiscover links,Cascading Style Sheets,animations,forms,and moreGet practical treatment of more complex Web technologies such as JavaScript,CGI,and DHTMLAppendices include a browser-safe color conversion chart,HTML and CSS quick-reference guides,and moreFindcode,sample pages,images,and a full color chart of all 216 browser-safe colors on this book's companion Web site
Improved drought resistance in a wheat stay-green mutant tasg1 under field conditions (2012)

We investigated the drought resistance of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stay-green mutant tasg1 and its wild-type (WT) in field experiments conducted for two years. Drought stress was imposed by controlling irrigation and sheltering the plants from rain. Compared with the WT, tasg1 exhibited a distinct delayed senescence under both normal and drought stress conditions, as indicated by slower degradation of chlorophyll and decrease in net photosynthetic rate than in WT. At the same time, tasg1 mutants maintained more integrated chloroplasts and thylakoid ultrastructure than did WT plants under drought stress. Lower malondialdehyde content and higher antioxidative enzyme activities in tasg1, compared to WT, may be involved in the stay-green phenotype and drought resistance of tasg1.
Analysis of transient diffraction efficiency of photrefractive crystal holograms (1990)

Starting from the differential equations of Kukhtarev et al. 1 , which describe the response of photorefractive materials, we apply the perturbation method to linearize these equations. Assuming two beams (one much stronger than the other) in the recording process, we estimate the dynamics of the formation of the refraction-index grating. Thereafter, with one of the beams shut off, we recalculate the decay of the grating profile. Results indicate a ringing behavior during the buildup process with a nonzero steady state for the "perturbed" refraction index. The (temporal) frequency of the oscillations and the buildup time constant depend on the applied electrical bias and the spatial period of the induced grating, as well as the physical parameters of the materials and the strengths of the illuminating fields. The decay process is also marked by oscillations, with the frequency and the decay time constant once again dependent on the above parameters. On the basis of the above information, we calculate the time dynamics of the normalized diffraction efficiency by means of the coupled-wave theory.
The DOA Pathway: Studies on the Functions and Mechanisms of Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

Cells often switch from one cellular state to another, either in response to environmental cues or as part of regulated developmental pathways. Such switches generally require rapid dismantlement of an existing regulatory network, a process frequently dependent on protein degradation (Hochstrasser 1995). Selective protein turnover offers several advantages over other kinds of regulatory controls (and frequently functions in concert with other types of regulation). One advantage is speed. A protein's half-life determines the time it takes to reach a new steady-state level following a change in synthesis. A second advantage is irreversibility. Elimination of a protein removes any chance of its being reactivated inappropriately. These features help explain why selective protein degradation is almost always a component of regulatory mechanisms that involve timing controls. Examples range from cell cycle progression, circadian rhythms, and various signal transduction pathways to cell-lineage specification, metabolic control, and embryogenesis (Gottesman et al. 1992; Hochstrasser 1995)....
Novel RhI Piano‐Stool Complexes with New Hemilabile Ligands Ligating through Phosphane and Arene Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity (1995)

Which arene ligand coordinates? An intramolecular exchange previously unknown for RhI complexes in which the phenyl ether moieties bind alternately in an η6 fashion to the Rh1 center (in 1 and 1' on the right) is observed by two-dimensional 1HNMR exchange spectroscopy. This exchange of the aryl ether-phosphane ligands probably proceeds via intermediate 2 and therefore cannot be detected when the O atoms are exchanged for CH2 groups.
Ultimate limits to magnetic imaging (2003)

An inverse transformation based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can be used to convert two-dimensional (2-D) images of magnetic field into corresponding images of the 2-D source currents that generated the field. We discuss the ultimate limits to the spatial resolution that can be obtained in such current density images when information about the sample is incorporated into the inversion process. We discuss the key parameters and compare our theory to experimental data obtained from a high-T/sub c/ scanning SQUID microscope.
Variance-Based Sensitivity Analysis of Significant Design Parameters of an Induction Machine (2020)

A method to perform a variance-based global sensitivity analysis is presented which allows the investigation of significant design parameters of electrical machines. As matrices with random numbers are required for the calculation of the sensitivity indices, the most frequently used sampling methods which are the random, the latin hypercube and the Sobol' sequences sampling are discussed in particular. Furthermore, it is investigated which of the sampling methods provides the best coverage of the sampling space. The design parameters are generated randomly from the samples, which can result in unfeasible motor designs. For this purpose a description of the induction machine with squirrel cage rotor using geometric ratios is presented. Finally, a variance-based global sensitivity analysis is performed for the power losses to show its applicability to squirrel-cage induction motors.
Cystosarcoma Phylloides Treated by Excision and Immediate Reconstruction with Silicon Implant (1987)

A case of cystosarcoma phylloides in an 11-year-old girl is described. Excision was followed immediately by reconstruction with a silicon implant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this technique in an adolescent girl. The etiology, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of cystosarcoma phylloides are described.
Excessive Statutory Demands in Winding Up and Bankruptcy (1997)

The validity of statutory demands which specify a sum greater than that truly owing by the debtor is an issue which has arisen frequently in both the corporate liquidation and bankruptcy contexts. By analysing the relevant legislation, the authorities and arguments based on both policy and principle, this article attempts to show that the over-statement of the amount in a statutory demand does not, in itself, result in the invalidity of the demand.
Genome-Wide Screening Uncovers the Significance of N-Sulfation of Heparan Sulfate as a Host Cell Factor for Chikungunya Virus Infection (2017)

The molecular mechanisms underlying chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are poorly characterized. In this study, we analyzed the host factors involved in CHIKV infection using genome-wide screening. Human haploid HAP1 cells, into which an exon-trapping vector was introduced, were challenged with a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype bearing the CHIKV E3 to E1 envelope proteins. Analysis of genes enriched in the cells resistant to the pseudotyped virus infection unveiled a critical role of N-sulfation of heparan sulfate (HS) for the infectivity of the clinically isolated CHIKV Thai#16856 strain to HAP1 cells. Knockout of NDST1 that catalyzes N-sulfation of HS greatly decreased the binding and infectivity of CHIKV Thai#16856 strain but not infectivity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). While glycosaminoglycans were commonly required for the efficient infectivity of CHIKV, JEV, and YFV, as shown by using <i>B3GAT3</i> knockout cells, the tropism for N-sulfate was specific to CHIKV. Expression of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in <i>NDST1</i>-knockout HAP1 cells did not restore the binding of CHIKV Thai#16856 strain and the infectivity of its pseudotype but restored the infectivity of authentic CHIKV Thai#16856, suggesting that CS functions at later steps after CHIKV binding. Among the genes enriched in this screening, we found that TM9SF2 is critical for N-sulfation of HS and therefore for CHIKV infection because it is involved in the proper localization and stability of NDST1. Determination of the significance of and the relevant proteins to N-sulfation of HS may contribute to understanding mechanisms of CHIKV propagation, cell tropism, and pathogenesis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Recent outbreaks of chikungunya fever have increased its clinical importance. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) utilizes host glycosaminoglycans to bind efficiently to its target cells. However, the substructure in glycosaminoglycans required for CHIKV infection have not been characterized. Here, we unveil that N-sulfate in heparan sulfate is essential for the efficient infection of a clinical CHIKV strain to HAP1 cells and that chondroitin sulfate does not help the CHIKV binding but does play roles at the later steps in HAP1 cells. We show, by comparing previous reports using Chinese hamster ovary cells, along with another observation that enhanced infectivity of CHIKV bearing Arg82 in envelope E2 does not depend on glycosaminoglycans in HAP1 cells, that the infection manner of CHIKV varies among host cells. We also show that TM9SF2 is required for CHIKV infection to HAP1 cells because it is involved in the N-sulfation of heparan sulfate through ensuring NDST1 activity.
Optimal parameters for ΔΣ modulator topologies (1998)

A systematic study of single-loop, cascaded, and multibit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators of second to fourth order is presented, based on a combination of behavioral simulations and linear modeling. Constraints for optimal performance and precise guidelines for the choice of parameters are derived. Moreover, the optimal parameters and the corresponding performance are found and given in tables. A graph showing the maximal achievable performance of each topology as a function of the oversampling ratio is presented, offering a valuable help for the design of analog-to-digital converters.