Chemical Reaction Engineering: Beyond the Fundamentals (2013)

Part I Fundamentals Revisited Reactions and reactors: Basic concepts Chapter objectives Introduction Reaction rates Stoichiometry of the rate equation Multiple steady states References Bibliography Explore Yourself Complex reactions and reactors Chapter objectives Introduction Reduction of complex reactions Rate equations Selectivity and yield Yield versus number of steps Reactor design for complex reactions Reactor choice for maximizing yields/selectivities Plug-flow reactor with recycle Semibatch reactors Optimum temperatures/temperature profiles for maximizing yields/selectivities References Bibliography Explore Yourself Interlude I Reactive distillation Membrane reactors Phase transfer catalysis References Nonideal reactor analysis Chapter objectives Introduction Two limits of the ideal reactor Nonidealities defined with respect to the ideal reactors Residence time distribution Concept of mixing Turbulent mixing models Practical implications of mixing in chemical Synthesis References Bibliography Explore Yourself Interlude II Limits of mean field theory The predator-prey problem or surface mixing Mixing problem addressed References Part II Building on Fundamentals Introduction The different tools of the trade Rates and equilibria: The thermodynamic and extrathermodynamic approaches Chapter objectives Introduction Basic thermodynamic relationships and properties Thermodynamics of reactions in solution Extrathermodynamic approach Extrathermodynamic relationships between rate and equilibrium parameters Thermodynamics of adsorption Appendix References Bibliography Explore Yourself Interlude III Reactor design for thermodynamically limited reactions References Theory of chemical kinetics in the bulk and on the surface Chapter objectives Chemical kinetics Collision theory Transition state theory Proposing a kinetic model Brief excursion for the classification of surface reaction mechanisms Microkinetic analysis References Bibliography Explore Yourself Reactions with an interface: Mass and heat transfer effects Chapter objectives Introduction Transport between phases Mass transfer across interfaces: Fundamentals Solid catalyzed fluid reactions Noncatalytic gas-solid reactions Gas-liquid reactions in a slab Effect of external mass and heat transfer Regimes of control References Explore Yourself Laboratory reactors: Collection and analysis of the data Chapter objectives Chemical reaction tests in a laboratory A perspective on statistical experimental design Batch laboratory reactors Rate parameters from batch reactor data Flow reactors for testing gas-solid catalytic reactions The transport disguises in perspective Analyzing the data References Explore Yourself Part III Beyond the Fundamentals Objectives Introduction The different tools of the trade Process intensification References Fixed-bed reactor design for solid catalyzed fluid-phase reactions Chapter objectives Introduction Nonisothermal, nonadiabatic, and adiabatic reactors Adiabatic reactor Choice between NINA-PBR and A-PBR Alternative fixed-bed designs References Bibliography Explore Yourself Fluidized-bed reactor design for solid catalyzed fluid-phase reactions Chapter objectives General comments Fluidization: Some basics Two-phase theory of fluidization Geldart's classification Bubbling bed model of fluidized-bed reactors Solids distribution Calculation of conversion Strategies to improve fluid-bed reactor performance Extension to other regimes of fluidization types of reactors Deactivation control Some practical considerations Fluidized-bed versus fixed-bed reactors References Explore Yourself Gas-solid noncatalytic reactions and reactors Chapter objectives Introduction Modeling of gas-solid reactions Extensions to the basic models Models that account for structural variations A general model that can be reduced to specific ones Gas-solid noncatalytic reactors References Gas-liquid and liquid-liquid reactions and reactors Chapter objectives Introduction Diffusion accompanied by an irreversible reaction of general order Measurement of mass transfer coefficients Reactor design A generalized form of equation for all regimes Classification of gas-liquid contactors Reactor design for gas-liquid reactions Reactor choice Liquid-liquid contactors Stirred tank reactor: Some practical considerations References Multiphase reactions and reactors Chapter objectives Introduction Design of three-phase catalytic reactors Types of three-phase reactors Loop slurry reactors Collection and interpretation of laboratory data for three-phase catalytic reactions Three-phase noncatalytic reactions References Bibliography Membrane-assisted reactor engineering Introduction General considerations Modeling of membrane reactors Operational features Comparison of reactors Examples of the use of membrane reactors in organic technology/synthesis References Combo reactors: Distillation column Reactors Distillation column reactor Enhancing role of distillation: Basic principle Overall effectiveness factor in a packed DCR Distillation-reaction References Homogeneous catalysis Introduction Formalisms in transition metal catalysis Operational scheme of homogeneous catalysis Basic reactions of homogeneous catalysis Main features of transition metal catalysis in organic synthesis: A summary A typical class of industrial reactions: Hydrogenation General kinetic analysis References Phase-transfer catalysis Introduction Fundamentals of PTC Mechanism of PTC Modeling of PTC reactions Cascade engineered PTC process References Forefront of the chemical reaction engineering field Objective Introduction Resource economy Energy economy Chemical reaction engineer in the twenty-first century In Closing Index