gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of caspase 3 (CPP32)-like proteases is essential for TNF-alpha-induced hepatic parenchymal cell apoptosis and neutrophil-mediated necrosis in a murine endotoxin shock model. (1998)

Endotoxin (ET)-induced liver failure is characterized by parenchymal cell apoptosis and inflammation leading to liver cell necrosis. Members of the caspase family have been implicated in the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to characterize ET-induced hepatic caspase activation and apoptosis and to investigate their effect on neutrophil-mediated liver injury. Treatment of C3Heb/FeJ mice with 700 mg/kg galactosamine (Gal) and 100 microg/kg Salmonella abortus equi ET increased caspase 3-like protease activity (Asp-Val-Glu-Asp-substrate) by 1730 +/- 140% at 6 h. There was a parallel enhancement of apoptosis (assessed by DNA fragmentation ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay). In contrast, activity of caspase 1 (IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-like proteases (Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-substrate) did not change throughout the experiment. Caspase 3-like protease activity and apoptosis was not induced by Gal/ET in ET-resistant mice (C3H/HeJ). Furthermore, only murine TNF-alpha but not IL-1alphabeta increased caspase activity and apoptosis. Gal/ET caused neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular necrosis at 7 h (area of necrosis, 45 +/- 3%). Delayed treatment with the caspase 3-like protease inhibitor Z-Val-Ala-Asp-CH2F (Z-VAD) (10 mg/kg at 3 h) attenuated apoptosis by 81 to 88% and prevented liver cell necrosis (< or = 5%). Z-VAD had no effect on the initial inflammatory response, including the sequestration of neutrophils in sinusoids. However, Z-VAD prevented neutrophil transmigration and necrosis. Our data indicate that activation of the caspase 3 subfamily of cysteine proteases is critical for the development of parenchymal cell apoptosis. In addition, excessive hepatocellular apoptosis can be an important signal for transmigration of primed neutrophils sequestered in sinusoids.
291 IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TUMOR GROWTH IN A RAT MODEL FOLLOWING HEMATOPOIETIC TRANSPLANTATION: Table 1 (2005)

Manuscript Submission Guidelines: Journal if Investigative Medicine (JIM) This Journal recommends that authors follow the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals formulated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Please read the guidelines below and then visit the Journal’s submission
Polymerization of racemic and optically active 4‐methyl‐1‐hexyne (1967)

Abstract Polymerization of racemic (I) and optically active (II) 4‐methyl‐1‐hexyne in the presence of iron‐tris(acetylacetonate)/Al ( i ‐C 4 H 9 ) 3 catalyst gives high molecular weight linear polymers with alternate double bonds in the main chain. Ozonolysis of the polymers obtained from both (I) and (II) gives 3‐methyl‐pentanoic acid (III), in 20 to 30% yield, as the sole low molecular weight product. In the ozonolysis of polymers arising from (II), (III) is formed with the same optical purity as that of the starting monomer (II). Hydrogenation of the unsaturated polymers of (I) and (II) gives substantially atactic poly [4‐methyl‐1‐hexene].
Smart connectors fusion for incipient defect diagnosis on aging aircraft wiring systems (2017)

This paper introduces the first embedded Smart Connector (SmartCo) able to detect and locate incipient defect caused by various origins such as chafing, bending radius, pinching, cable movement, etc., and this even in complex wiring networks. Based on Orthogonal Multi-tone Time Domain Reflec-tometry (OMTDR) technology, the SmartCo uses the test signal not only to generate the reflectometry signal, but also to transmit useful information. To the best of our knowledge the simultaneous combination of communication and cable assessment has never been done with reflectometry-based systems. Our approach permits to aggregate data from a set of slave connectors. These smart connectors are set at strategic points in the network and send their information to the master. Indeed, since incipient defect is hard to distinguish from noise, the master performs an advanced post-processing to eliminate false alarms. A demonstrator has been developed where wire diagnosis and data communication are embedded into a board card.
Real-world clinical outcomes of treatment with molnupiravir for patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 during the Omicron variant pandemic (2022)

It is unclear whether molnupiravir has a beneficial effect on vaccinated patients infected with the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We here evaluated the efficacy of molnupiravir in patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron variant surge in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. We enrolled patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who were admitted to hospitals between January and April, 2022. Clinical deterioration after admission was compared between molnupiravir users (n = 230) and non-users (n = 690) after 1:3 propensity score matching. Additionally, we performed forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between clinical deterioration after admission and molnupiravir treatment in the 1:3 propensity score-matched subjects. The characteristics of participants in both groups were balanced as indicated by covariates with a standardized mean difference of < 0.1. Regarding comorbidities, there was no imbalance between the two groups, except for the presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac disease. The clinical deterioration rate was significantly lower in the molnupiravir users compared to the non-users (3.90% vs 8.40%; P = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that receiving molnupiravir was a factor for preventing deterioration (odds ratio 0.448; 95% confidence interval 0.206-0.973; P = 0.042), independent of other covariates. This real-world study demonstrates that molnupiravir contributes to the prevention of deterioration in COVID-19 patients after hospitalization during the Omicron variant phase.
Application Of A New Semi-Empirical Model For Forming Limit Prediction Of Sheet Material Including Superposed Loads Of Bending And Shearing (2010)

The use of lightweight materials offers substantial strength and weight advantages in car body design. Unfortunately such kinds of sheet material are more susceptible to wrinkling, spring back and fracture during press shop operations. For characterization of capability of sheet material dedicated to deep drawing processes in the automotive industry, mainly Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) are used. However, new investigations at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology have shown that High Strength Steel Sheet Material and Aluminum Alloys show increased formability in case of bending loads are superposed to stretching loads. Likewise, by superposing shearing on in plane uniaxial or biaxial tension formability changes because of materials crystallographic texture. Such mixed stress and strain conditions including bending and shearing effects can occur in deep‐drawing processes of complex car body parts as well as subsequent forming operations like flanging. But changes in formability cannot be described by using the conventional FLC. Hence, for purpose of improvement of failure prediction in numerical simulation codes significant failure criteria for these strain conditions are missing. Considering such aspects in defining suitable failure criteria which is easy to implement into FEA a new semi‐empirical model has been developed considering the effect of bending and shearing in sheet metals formability. This failure criterion consists of the combination of the so called cFLC (combined Forming Limit Curve), which considers superposed bending load conditions and the SFLC (Shear Forming Limit Curve), which again includes the effect of shearing on sheet metal’s formability.
On the Inference od Structured Recursive Effects with Subtyping. (1997)

It is unclear how systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) controls local inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of human MSCs on inflammatory arthritis and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) received two intraperitoneal injections of human bone marrow-derived MSCs. The clinical and histological features of injected CAIA were then compared with those of non-injected mice. The effect of MSCs on induction of regulatory T cells was examined both in vitro and in vivo. We also examined multiple cytokines secreted by peritoneal mononuclear cells, along with migration of MSCs in the presence of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) and/or regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Sections of CAIA mouse joints and spleen were stained for human anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) to confirm migration of injected human MSCs. The results showed that MSCs alleviated the clinical and histological signs of synovitis in CAIA mice. Peritoneal lavage cells from mice treated with MSCs expressed higher levels of SDF-1α and RANTES than those from mice not treated with MSCs. MSC migration was more prevalent in the presence of SDF-1α and/or RANTES. MSCs induced CD4+ T cells to differentiate into regulatory T cells in vitro, and expression of FOXP3 mRNA was upregulated in the forepaws of MSC-treated CAIA mice. Synovial and splenic tissues from CAIA mice receiving human MSCs were positive for human ANA, suggesting recruitment of MSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that MSCs migrate into inflamed tissues and directly induce the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into regulatory T cells, which then suppress inflammation. Thus, systemic administration of MSCs may be a therapeutic option for rheumatoid arthritis.
Risperidone for the treatment of acute mania in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (2009)

At daily doses of 0.5-2.5 mg and 3-6 mg, risperidone was effective and well tolerated in children and adolescents experiencing acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Results indicate that risperidone 0.5-2.5 mg has a better benefit-risk profile than risperidone 3-6 mg.
1860-P: Alanine Transaminase 2 Is Induced in Diabetic Liver and Contributes to Gluconeogenesis from Amino Acids (2020)

Gluconeogenesis from amino acids contributes significantly to hepatic glucose production and hyperglycemia in diabetes. Alanine transaminases (ALT) catalyze the bi-directional interconversion of alanine to pyruvate with concomitant interconversion of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate. ALT1 is cytosolic while ALT2 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. The mRNA expression and protein abundance of ALT1 and 2 was significantly increased in liver of db/db or diet induced obese mice compared to lean controls. The expression of ALT2 was also increased in obese humans compared to lean controls and was downregulated following bariatric surgery. The increase in hepatic ALT2 expression in diabetic mice was caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress and mediated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Indeed, inhibition of ATF4 reduced ALT2 expression in liver of db/db mice. Consistent with enhanced use of amino acids in gluconeogenesis, db/db and diet-induced obese mice had elevated blood glucose concentrations following IP administration of L-alanine or glutamine. ALT2 silencing in liver had no effect on glucose concentrations in lean mice, but alleviated alanine-induced hyperglycemia in db/db mice; likely by reducing the incorporation of alanine and/or glutamine into newly synthesized glucose. Plasma alanine tended to rise and glutamate significantly increased in db/db mice with ALT2 silencing whereas concentrations of the branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine decreased or tended to decrease. In summary, our results are consistent with a significant role for ALT2 in hepatic gluconeogenesis from amino acids and in the regulation of blood glucose levels in obesity and diabetes. Disclosure M.R. Martino: None. M. Gutierrez Aguilar: None. K.S. McCommis: None. J. Yoshino: None. B.N. Finck: Advisory Panel; Self; Cirius Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Cirius Therapeutics. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK117657)
The PediPump: A New Ventricular Assist Device for Children (2005)

Options for mechanical circulatory support for the treatment of end-stage heart failure in children are limited. Ventricular assist devices (VADs), which have revolutionized cardiac care in adults, remain largely unavailable for pediatric applications. The PediPump is a new rotary dynamic VAD designed to provide support for the entire range of patient sizes encountered in pediatrics. Despite being much smaller than currently available VADs, which makes it suitable for even newborn circulatory support, the PediPump demonstrates excellent hemodynamic performance.
Assembly Development of a Highly Flexible and Biocompatible Optoelectronic Neural Stimulator for Implantable Retinal Prosthesis (2021)

We report on the assembly process and reliability test development of a flexible, biocompatible optoelectronic neural stimulator for a retinal prosthesis. The design and development process for the flexible circuit are discussed. The successful bonding process between six silicon dielets and flexible substrates is presented. The characterization and accelerated lifetime testing are also detailed. The integration techniques described herein may be used to scale up the existing electrode array or for next generation higher visual acuity retinal prostheses. In addition, the methods and setup for lifetime testing may be used in the development of other optoelectronic flexible neural interfaces.
Spontaneous Lymphomas in SJL/J-(v<sup>+</sup>) Mice: Ecotropic and Dualtropic Virus Expression in Normal and Lymphomatous Tissues<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref> (1981)

Approximately 60% of inbred SJL/J-(v+) adult mice having high levels of ecotropic endogenous XC+ virus showed virus activation within the first month of life, while the others produced virus at comparable levels later on, in an attempt to correlate the time of virus activation with the incidence and latency of lymphomas, the tails of 57 1- and 2-month-old mice were tested for virus presence, and the mice were then observed for lymphoma appearance. While all 2-month-old mice expressed ecotropic virus, only 63% of the 1-month-old mice were virus-positive. However no relationship existed between early virus production (within 1 month) or late virus production and lymphoma latency, total lymphoma incidence, and histopathology. In contrast with high titers of XC+ virus in tail tissues of diseased mice, a markedly low virus content was found in lymphomatous organs. This difference was not due to selective growth of poor virus-producer cells or to inhibitory factors possibly released by the inflammatory cell component. Viral protein content and XC+ virus titer were not closely correlated in the neoplastic organs. Search for XC- viruses revealed that only 1 of 6 aged normal and 16 of 19 lymphomatous mice produced viruses that grew on mink lung cells. By use of a standard limiting dilution cloning procedure, four isolates were obtained that showed tropism for both murine and heterologous cells. Three of these isolates induced cytopathic changes similar to those induced by MCF viruses on mink lung cells but not on mouse cells. Interference and neutralization assays performed to better characterize the virus envelope properties further indicated that SJL/J isolates had features typical of MCF dualtropic viruses.
Noise and vibration assessment of a roof bolting machine (2010)

In its 1996 National Occupational Research Agenda, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) identified hearing loss as the most common job-related disease in the United States. Previous field studies by NIOSH have shown A-weighted sound levels at the operator's station on roof bolting machines used in coal mines exceed 100 dB when drilling. Laboratory vibration measurements conducted while drilling indicated that drill steel acceleration levels greatly exceed those of the drill motor, drill motor cover, the roof support plate, and the drilled media. Sound level measurements performed with parts of the drilling apparatus and the drilled media wrapped in lead-fiberglass barrier-absorber blankets revealed that the drill steel is the dominant noise source. To evaluate the ability of a partial-height barrier to reduce operator noise exposure, 80% of the drill steel length was encapsulated in a quilted lead-fiberglass barrier-absorber sleeve. The partial-height barrier reduced the time-weighted average sound level (TWA) by 9.8 dB for the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) criteria and 9.3 dB for the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) criteria
Evaluating the reverse engineering capabilities of Web tools for understanding site content and structure: a case study (2001)

This paper describes an evaluation of the reverse engineering capabilities of three Web tools for understanding site content and structure. The evaluation is based on partitioning Web sites into three classes (static, interactive, and dynamic), and is structured using an existing reverse engineering environment framework (REEF). This case study also represents an initial evaluation of the applicability of the REEF in the related but qualitatively different domain of Web sites. The case study highlights several shortcomings of current Web tools in the context of aiding understanding to support evolution. For example, most Web tools are geared towards new page design and development, not to understanding detailed page content or overall site structure. The evaluation also identified some aspects of the REEF that might benefit from refinement to better reflect Web tool capabilities that support common evolution tasks. For example, Web server log file analysis as a specialized form of data gathering and subsequence information presentation.
Motivation and Cognitive Engagement in Learning Environments (2005)

When learning environments are based on learning sciences principles (e.g. project, problem, and design approaches), they are more likely to be motivating for students. The principles – such as authenticity, inquiry, collaboration, and technology – engage learners so that they will think deeply about the content and construct an understanding that entails integration and application of the key ideas of the discipline. For a learning sciences approach to work, students must invest considerable mental effort and must persist in the search for solutions to problems. In many ways, newly designed environments based on learning sciences principles require students to be more motivated than do traditional environments (Blumenfeld et al., 1991). Although there is evidence that students respond positively to these learning environments (Hickey, Moore, & Pellegrino, 2001; Mistler-Jackson & Songer, 2000), it remains unclear whether students are willing to invest the time and energy necessary for gaining the desired level of understanding. Many classroom activities in which students enthusiastically participate do not necessarily get students cognitively engaged.
Higher Descent on Pell Conics III. The First 2-Descent (2003)

In this articel we describe the first 2-descent on Pell conics, and compute the associated 2-part of the Tate-Shafarevich group.
Support vector machine based classification and mapping of atherosclerotic plaques using fluorescence lifetime imaging (Conference Presentation) (2016)

The progression of atherosclerosis in coronary vessels involves distinct pathological changes in the vessel wall. These changes manifest in the formation of a variety of plaque sub-types. The ability to detect and distinguish these plaques, especially thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA) may be relevant for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention as well as investigating new therapeutics. In this work we demonstrate the ability of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) derived parameters (lifetime values from sub-bands 390/40 nm, 452/45 nm and 542/50 nm respectively) for generating classification maps for identifying eight different atherosclerotic plaque sub-types in ex vivo human coronary vessels. The classification was performed using a support vector machine based classifier that was built from data gathered from sixteen coronary vessels in a previous study. This classifier was validated in the current study using an independent set of FLIm data acquired from four additional coronary vessels with a new rotational FLIm system. Classification maps were compared to co-registered histological data. Results show that the classification maps allow identification of the eight different plaque sub-types despite the fact that new data was gathered with a different FLIm system. Regions with diffuse intimal thickening (n=10), fibrotic tissue (n=2) and thick-cap fibroatheroma (n=1) were correctly identified on the classification map. The ability to identify different plaque types using FLIm data alone may serve as a powerful clinical and research tool for studying atherosclerosis in animal models as well as in humans.