gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation ofC. elegansTouch Sensitivity Is Integrated at Multiple Levels (2014)

Sensory systems can adapt to different environmental signals. Here we identify four conditions that modulate anterior touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans after several hours and demonstrate that such sensory modulation is integrated at multiple levels to produce a single output. Prolonged vibration involving integrin signaling directly sensitizes the touch receptor neurons (TRNs). In contrast, hypoxia, the dauer state, and high salt reduce touch sensitivity by preventing the release of long-range neuroregulators, including two insulin-like proteins. Integration of these latter inputs occurs at upstream neurohormonal cells and at the insulin signaling cascade within the TRNs. These signals and those from integrin signaling converge to modulate touch sensitivity by regulating AKT kinases and DAF-16/FOXO. Thus, activation of either the integrin or insulin pathways can compensate for defects in the other pathway. This modulatory system integrates conflicting signals from different modalities, and adapts touch sensitivity to both mechanical and non-mechanical conditions.
Application of a Two-Region Heavy Charged Particle Model to Noble-Gas Plasmas Induced by Nuclear Radiations (1972)

The transport of heavy charged particles produced by the 10B (n,α) nuclear reaction is predicted using a mean-range straight-flight model. The slowing down of these particles in a gas adjacent to the coating where they are born is described in terms of their flux energy spectrum, scalar flux, average energy, and energy-loss rate. These results are used in a plasma kinetics model which is compared to measurements of metastable excited state densities in helium and neon plasmas created by the heavy charged particles. The space-dependent fast primary electron (δ ray) energy spectrum produced by the heavy charged particles in helium is calculated, as well as the total number of fast primary electrons and their average kinetic energy.
A queueing model of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) with a hierarchy of storage (2002)

A queueing model is analyzed for systems with a hierarchy of storage where the access time to all the stored images is not the same. A typical PACS consists of a database of medical images, display stations, acquisition systems, and a communication medium. The proposed model is for the delay analysis of the image database, the communication channels, and the picture viewing stations (PVSs). Performance curves are presented for the delay in retrieving images from the database, in the transmission of images, and in processing them in the image processor. The mean delay (that is, the time it takes for a radiologist to view a medical exam from the moment that a request packet is sent to the image database till the time the images are received) is the sum of all the delays mentioned above. The distributions of these delays can be easily evaluated and plotted by using the inverse of the Laplace transforms. From the curves provided, the end-to-end delay for various amounts of load in the system can be accurately estimated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Trajectory Planning for Hopping on Low-Gravity Asteroid Surface (2021)

In a small-body exploration mission, the rover may deviate from the expected target point due to the dispersion of delivery. This paper proposes a hopping trajectory planning method based on deep reinforcement learning to achieve a precision landing on a low-gravity surface. First, the dynamic model of the hopping rover is established. Then, the hopping scheme is proposed with the attitude angle and angular velocity as control variables. In order to rapidly solve the control variables, the deep reinforcement learning algorithm is utilized for the autonomous hopping trajectory planning. The landing process is divided into an approach and a deceleration stage, and two agents are trained according to the reward functions of the two stages. To achieve the expected attitude angle and angular velocity given by the agents’ outputs, the control torque is solved using sliding mode control method. Finally, the hopping trajectory planning method are verified in a landing mission on low-gravity surface. The results show that the rover can reach and stop at the target by intelligent hopping under various initial conditions.
Opendht: a public dht service (2005)

The distributed hash table, or DHT, is a distributed system that provides a traditional hash table's simple put/get interface using a peer-to-peer overlay network. DHTs deliver incremental scalability in the number of nodes, high availability, and low latency. 
We present the Bamboo DHT and the OpenDHT public DHT service. Bamboo supports low-latency under very high churn rates; with session times as short as six minutes, a 1000-node Bamboo network on ModelNet is still able to average around one half second per get operation. Bamboo also supports reliable, high-performance storage on a 200-300 node PlanetLab deployment. It provides very high availability as measured over months, and it maintains very low get latencies despite the presence of arbitrarily slow nodes. Furthermore, Bamboo is resilient to non-transitivity in the underlying network, a requirement for long-term use on the Internet. 
OpenDHT is a public DHT service designed to ease the deployment and maintenance of DHT-based applications. By providing an existing deployment with a simple put/get interface over RPC, OpenDHT allows the construction of DHT applications in tens of lines of code. OpenDHT provides a simple, secure put/get/remove interface, and it also supports more sophisticated features such as anycast, multicast, and range search using client-side libraries. Furthermore, OpenDHT guarantees a fair share of storage to each client in the system, while preventing any client from going long periods without being able to perform any puts at all. At the time of this writing, OpenDHT has been running as a public service on PlanetLab for over 16 months.
Anámnesis y Reconocimiento: Una posible lectura de la Teoría de la Reminiscencia de Platón. (2009)

; no es mi intencion ser exhaustivo en estas pocas paginas ni conla obra del filosofo frances ni mucho menos agotar el vasto numero de interpretacionesque se han tejido entorno a esta celebre teoria platonica; el proposito de este texto es,basicamente, intentar re-leer la idea de reminiscencia desde una perspectiva que lapone muy de cerca con el re-conocimiento, fulcro de la obra de Ricoeur, y que pone demanifiesto lo que he llamado aqui
Dynamic incremental CT: effect of volume and concentration of contrast material and patient weight on hepatic enhancement. (1995)

For a patient of known weight, one can calculate the iodine dose needed to provide a desired level of hepatic enhancement. Use of a contrast material with a concentration of 240 mg L/mL is not recommended for dynamic incremental hepatic CT, except in small patients (eg, those weighing less than 73 kg).
The impact of a multidisciplinary breast cancer center on recommendations for patient management (2001)

The multidisciplinary breast cancer evaluation program provided an integrated program in which individual patients were evaluated by a team of physicians and led to a change in treatment recommendation for 43% (32 of 75) of the patients examined. This multidisciplinary program provided important second opinions for many patients with breast carcinoma.
Hybrid density functional study of the structural, bonding, and electronic properties of bismuth vanadate (2012)

The structure and property prediction of metal oxides can significantly be improved by incorporating exact Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange into density functional theory (DFT), which is the so-called hybrid DFT. We explored the impact of HF exchange inclusion on the predicted structural, bonding, and electronic properties of bismuth vanadate (BiVO${}_{4}$), with particular attention to the difference between its monoclinic and tetragonal scheelite phases. The applied exchange-correlation (xc) functionals include the gradient corrected Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and the PBE-HF hybrid functionals with HF exchange amounts of 10$%$, 25$%$, and 50$%$. We find that the PBE-HF25$%$ yields a monoclinic structure in very close agreement with the experimentally determined structure, while the PBE-HF50$%$ tends to overestimate the monoclinic distortion and the PBE/PBE-HF10$%$ can hardly identify a distinct monoclinic configuration at ambient conditions. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the increasing monoclinic distortion with the amount of HF exchange is related to the enhancement of hybridization between Bi 6$s$-O 2$p$ antibonding states and unoccupied Bi 6$p$ states. The bonding mechanisms and band structures of the monoclinic and tetragonal phases of BiVO${}_{4}$ were also investigated, and we discuss how the predictions are sensitive to the xc functional choice.
Recombination and charge transfer states in organic photovoltaics: from small molecules to ultra-low band gap polymers (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is one of the most common building blocks for small molecules and conjugated polymers designed for organic electronic applications. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR) spectroscopy were used to examine bulk heterojunction blend films of a small diketopyrrolopyrrole-based molecule, TDPP, with the common fullerene derivatives PC60BM and PC70BM. Following pulsed laser excitation, the spectral signatures of a fullerene anion and a TDPP triplet state are observed on the picosecond timescale by TAS. The presence of these species imply the formation of a TDPP:PCBM charge transfer state that subsequently undergoes ultra-fast spin-mixing and geminate recombination to produce a TDPP triplet state. The overall photophysical mechanism is confirmed by TR-EPR spectroscopy, which unambiguously shows that the TDPP triplet is formed via spin-mixing in the TDPP:PCBM charge transfer state, rather than direct intersystem crossing from the excited singlet state. Furthermore, ultra-low band gap polymers INDT were investigated further using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and pump-push photocurrent measurements. Different fullerenes were trialled to assess the effect on charge photogeneration. The LUMO levels of the donor and acceptor are almost isoenergetic for PC60BM (implying virtually zero driving force for charge separation) and this is reflected in inefficient charge photogeneration. A ketolactam fullerene with a deeper LUMO produces a higher level of charge photogeneration. Interestingly, it was discovered that the INDT polymers may possibly generate an intramolecular CT state-like singlet exciton, which is only able to be efficiently separated in the presence of a fullerene with a deep enough LUMO.
Executive compensation and compensation risk: evidence from technology firms (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate factors that contribute to technology firms paying higher compensation than non-technology firms, and why the mix of compensation at technology firms is different than the compensation packages at non-technology firms. Design/methodology/approach This research used a sample of 1,009 firm-year observations for the five-year period from 2001 to 2005 and random-effects regression models. Findings It was found that the total compensation paid to the CEOs of technology firms is higher than the total compensation paid to the CEOs of non-technology firms, and that the value of the stock options granted to the former is greater than the value of the stock options granted to the latter. Research limitations/implications The results are largely consistent with the labour market efficiency perspective. The higher compensation paid to CEOs in technology firms seems to be commensurate with the higher compensation risk that CEOs in technology firms bear. Practical implications Compensation designers should consider both the benefits and costs of granting stock and stock options to executives. An increased portion of stock options definitely aligns the interests of shareholders and CEOs together, and could maximize the retentive effect if CEOs have a significant amount of their wealth in unvested in-the-money options. Social implications Consistent with the literature, a CEO could earn much higher pay if he or she also serves as the chair of the board of directors. Practically, firms do not require all governance mechanisms. They just require one set of suitable governance mechanisms. Originality/value This paper is the first to investigate factors that contribute to technology firms paying higher compensation than non-technology firms, and that do explain why the mix of compensation at technology firms is different than the compensation packages at non-technology firms.
P432: Somatic overgrowth and vascular malformation: Clinical utility of expanded panel (2023)

Post-zygotic activating mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase pathways lead to a class of disorders associated with tissue overgrowth and vascular malformations. Identification of these somatic driver mutations can lead to therapeutic interventions; however, identification of the variants is challenged by the vast number of genes involved and the selection of the appropriate tissue to assay. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of expanding our NGS panel from 8 genes to 34 genes.
Exposure of Broiler Chickens to a Weak Electromagnetic Field Reduces the Impact of a Simulated, Commercial Eimeria Infection (2010)

Problem statement: In a previous study, the exposure of broiler chickens to a weak Electromagnetic Field (EMF) reduced the severity of a coccidiosis infection. The birds were infected by gavage into the crop which was not representative for the field situation. Approach: The possible anticoccidial activity of EMF was investigated in broiler chickens with a simulated, commercial coccidiosis infection. There was an uninfected and infected group not receiving further treatment. Another uninfected and infected group were subjected to EMF treatment. The infection was induced by adding to the litter a mixture of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. EMF treatment lasted for 30 min day -1 ; the field strength within the cages was set to 5 Tesla rms. Results: Infection with Eimeria resulted in a transient reduction of growth performance in the control chickens. Exposure to EMF counteracted the effect of infection on growth performance. EMF treatment had no effect on oocyst shedding. In the infected birds exposed to EMF, the lesion scores related to the three Eimeria species were generally lower than in the infected controls. Due to cross-contamination, the uninfected birds also showed intestinal lesions, the severity being less than in the infected chickens. In the uninfected birds, EMF treatment also had reduced the severity of the lesions. Conclusion: In this study EMF exposure protected against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Consequently, EMF was considered as a possible alternative to anticoccidial drugs.
Long-Acting Depot Lanreotide in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors (2000)

Long-acting depot forms of somatostatin analogs administered by intramuscular injections are now available for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of a slow-release form of lanreotide in patients with advanced NETs. From July 1996 to January 1999, 25 patients with advanced NETs (12 carcinoids, 13 endocrine pancreatic tumors) were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients were pretreated with subcutaneous octreotide, chemotherapy, or hepatic metastasis alcoholization. All the patients had measurable disease. Seventeen patients were symptomatic and 20 patients had elevated serum and/or urine markers. Octreotide scintigraphy was positive in 23 of 25 patients. Lanreotide was administered as intramuscular injections at the dose of 30 mg every 2 weeks until there was objective, biochemical, or symptomatic tumor progression. Objective partial responses (PRs) were documented in 2 patients (8%), whereas 10 patients (40%) had tumor stabilization. The PRs were observed in patients with midgut carcinoids, of whom one was pretreated with subcutaneous octreotide. The response duration was 21+ and 24+ months in responding patients; the median duration of disease stabilization was 8.5 months (range, 4-21+). The overall biochemical response rate was 42%, including 2 complete responses (CRs) (10.5%) and 6 PRs (31.5%); all biochemical responses were observed mostly in patients with carcinoid tumors; the duration of response was 18+ and 30+ months for CRs; the median duration of biochemical response was 7 months (range, 4-18+) for PRs. The overall symptomatic response rate was 70% with a median duration of 7.5, 18, and 18+ months for diarrhea, abdominal pain, and flushing, respectively. Median duration of lanreotide treatment was 10 months (range, 2-30+). No significant side effects were reported. Depot lanreotide 30 mg shows significant efficacy in terms of objective response rate and in biochemical and symptomatic control, in pretreated patients as well as nonpretreated patients with advanced NETs. Tolerability is good, with good patient compliance.
Loss of cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in Chediak-Higashi syndrome arises from a secretory defect that prevents lytic granule exocytosis. (1995)

CTLs from patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) are unable to destroy target cells recognized via the TCR. To determine the mechanism responsible for the loss of cytotoxicity, CD8+ CTL clones have been derived from a patient with CHS. Individual CTL clones show poor killing that can be increased in longer assays. However, in the presence of cycloheximide, the small amount of killing observed is abolished, indicating killing arises from newly synthesized proteins, rather than from proteins stored in granules. In this study, we show that the CHS CTL clones express normal levels of the lytic proteins granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin, which are processed properly during biosynthesis and targeted correctly to giant lytic granules. Despite the difference in size, CHS and normal lytic granules are similar, in that both contain the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D and the lytic protein granzyme A, and lack the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR). However, unlike normal CTL clones, the CHS CTL clones are unable to secrete their giant granules in which the lytic proteins are stored. After cross-linking the TCR, CHS CTL clones fail to secrete granzyme A, as assayed by both enzyme release and confocal microscopy. We suggest that the defect in CHS lies in a protein that is involved in membrane fusion and is essential for the secretion of lysosomal compartments in certain hemopoietic cells.
A Bacterial Laccase for Enhancing Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation of Steam-Pretreated Biomass (2016)

Different biological approaches, highlighting the use of laccases, have been developed as environmentally friendly alternatives for improving the saccharification and fermentation stages of steam-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. This work evaluates the use of a novel bacterial laccase (MetZyme) for enhancing the hydrolysability and fermentability of steam-exploded wheat straw. When the water insoluble solids (WIS) fraction was treated with laccase or alkali alone, a modest increase of about 5% in the sugar recovery yield (glucose and xylose) was observed in both treatments. Interestingly, the combination of alkali extraction and laccase treatment boosted enzymatic hydrolysis, increasing the glucose and xylose concentration in the hydrolysate by 21% and 30%, respectively. With regards to the fermentation stage, the whole pretreated slurry was subjected to laccase treatment, lowering the phenol content by up to 21%. This reduction allowed us to improve the fermentation performance of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875 during a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. Hence, a shorter adaptation period and an increase in the cell viability—measured in terms of colony forming units (CFU/mL)—could be observed in laccase-treated slurries. These differences were even more evident when a presaccharification step was performed prior to SSF. Novel biocatalysts such as the bacterial laccase presented in this work could play a key role in the implementation of a cost-effective technology in future biorefineries.
Parthénocarpie naturelle chez la tomate. IV. Etude de la parthénocarpie à déterminisme polygénique de la lignée «75/59» (1989)

&mdash; La ligne 75/59 slectionne en Allemagne fdrale partir du croisement Atom x Bubjekosoko montre une aptitude la parthnocarpie naturelle, facultative, de niveau lev, s'exprimant toute poque de l'anne. Neuf essais ont t raliss, dans des conditions varies (serre verre ou plastique, chauffe ou froide, champ) des poques de l'anne diffrentes. Aprs un traitement avec castration sans pollinisation, les fruits sans graines qui se dveloppent sont d'aspect et de poids comparables ceux issus de fleurs pollinises manuellement, quels que soient le type de culture et l'poque de l'anne, l'exception d'un essai o les fruits sont plus petits, ce qui traduit une sensibilit de l'expression de la parthnocarpie aux facteurs du milieu, sans que l'on puisse savoir, dans ce cas prcis, quels fac- teurs du milieu sont en cause. ' Des fleurs de 75/59 laisses en fcondation libre donnent en mlange des fruits sans graines (de 34 94% dans nos essais) et des fruits avec graines. Quand il y a ainsi comptition entre fruits avec ou sans graines l'intrieur d'un bouquet et/ou d'une plante, celle-ci se fait au dtriment des fruits sans graines, qui sont alors significativement plus petits que les fruits avec graines issus du mme traitement.
Drug Delivery Applications with Ethosomes (2010)

Ethosomes are specially tailored vesicular carriers able to efficiently deliver various molecules with different physicochemical properties into deep skin layers and across the skin. This paper reviews the unique characteristics of the ethosomal carriers, focusing on work carried out with drug containing ethosomal systems in animal models and in clinical studies. The paper concludes with a discussion on the safety of the ethosomal system applications.
GaAs Integrated Microwave Circuits (1968)

GaAs has many desirable features that make it most useful for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits. The process of selective epitaxial depositions of high purity single-crystal GaAs with various doping concentrations into semi-insulating GaAs substrates has been developed. These high-resistivity substrates (>10/sup 6/ ohm /spl dot/ cm) provide the electrical isolation between devices, eliminating the difficulties and deficiencies normally encountered in trying to obtain isolation with dielectrics, back-etching, p-n junctions, etc. This monolithic approach to integrated circuits thus allows for improved microwave performance from the devices since parasitic are reduced to a minimum. Planar Gunn oscillators and Schottky barrier diodes have been fabricated for use in a completely monolithic integrated millimeter wave (94 GHz) receiving front end. The Gunn oscillators are made in a sandwich-type structure of three selective deposits whose carrier concentrations are approximately 10/sup 18/ - 10/sup/15/ - 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/. The Schottky diodes consist of two deposits with concentrations of 10/sup 18/ and 10/sup 17/ cm /sup -3/. The Schottky contact is formed by evaporating Mo-Au onto the 10/sup 17/cm/sup -3/ deposits; all ohmic contacts are on the surface and are alloyed to the N/sup +/ regions.