gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opioid receptor modulation of GABAergic and serotonergic spinally projecting neurons of the rostral ventromedial medulla in mice (2011)

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is an important site of opioid actions and forms part of an analgesic pathway that projects to the spinal cord. The neuronal mechanisms by which opioids act within this brain region remain unclear, particularly in relation to the neurotransmitters GABA and serotonin. In the present study, we examined serotonergic and GABAergic immunoreactivity, identified using immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), in combination with in vitro whole cell patch clamping to investigate the role of opioids on the mouse RVM with identified projections to the spinal cord. Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAMGO) produced μ-opioid receptor-mediated outward currents in virtually all TPH-immunoreactive projecting neurons and GAD-immunoreactive nonprojecting neurons (87% and 86%). The other groups of RVM neurons displayed mixed responsiveness to DAMGO (40-68%). Deltorphin II and U-69593 produced δ- and κ-opioid receptor-mediated outward currents in smaller subpopulations of RVM neurons, with many of the δ-opioid responders forming a subpopulation of μ-opioid-sensitive GABAergic nonprojecting neurons. These findings are consistent with prior electrophysiological and anatomic studies in the rat RVM and indicate that both serotonergic and GABAergic RVM neurons mediate the actions of μ-opioids. Specifically, μ-opioids have a direct postsynaptic inhibitory influence over both GABAergic and serotonergic neurons, including those that project to the dorsal spinal cord.
UdiGital.edu: experimenta, juga i aprèn a través de les TIC (2012)

Aquest projecte esta inspirat en el construccionisme i combina temes d'innovacio educativa, TIC a l'educacio i TIC per al desenvolupament. Te un fort component de divulgacio cientificotecnologica i de foment del talent i la innovacio, pero va un pas mes enlla i vol estudiar com les tecnologies TIC-Media, ben utilitzades, poden ajudar a desenvolupar un
pensament creatiu i a construir una consciencia critica.
The Application of Laser-Assisted Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Dye Angiography in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction (2008)

The benefits of laser-assisted indocyanine green fluorescence angiography have previously been demonstrated in cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of this technology in microsurgical breast reconstruction. Intraoperative laser-assisted indocyanine green fluorescence angiography was performed on all microsurgical breast reconstruction cases (deep inferior epigastric perforator flap or free transverse rectus abdominus muscle flap) during the study period. Ten consecutive free tissue transfer autologous breast reconstructions were performed on 8 women. In four cases, imaging demonstrated flow or perfusion deemed "marginal" or "poor" by the operating surgeons. In three of these cases, one involving poor arterial inflow, one of poor venous outflow, and one of poor perfusion of a mastectomy flap, the intraoperative plan was adjusted accordingly and follow-up imaging demonstrated improvement. In the fourth case, no adjustment was made at operation. However this patient required a return to the operating room for venous congestion of the flap, which was corrected without sequela. Overall flap survival was 100%. We concluded that laser-assisted indocyanine green fluorescence angiography appears to provide important information that has helped guide intraoperative decision making in our series.
Characterization of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles by fluxgate magnetorelaxometry for use in biomedical applications (2008)

We have investigated the magnetorelaxometry (MRX) of various Fe3O4 nanoparticle suspensions utilizing a differential fluxgate setup. To estimate the distribution of the hydrodynamic size of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with organic shell, the cluster moment superposition model is applied. On a sample series of MNPs from the same batch diluted in water-glycerine mixtures of varying viscosity, it is demonstrated that the model is suited for the estimation of the distribution of the hydrodynamic size of MNPs and clusters. Since a MRX measurement lasts only a few seconds, it is also highly suited to study the aggregation kinetics. This is demonstrated on MNPs with silica shell suspended in 5% phosphate-buffered saline solution.
Advanced measurement of gas jet density using a wavefront sensor (2023)

We present a four-pass tomography setup for the characterization of the density distribution of a gas jet. The data acquired with a wavefront sensor is processed using a tomography algorithm, providing a 3D reconstruction of the gas density distribution. We applied this technique to characterize a supersonic gas jet produced by a de Laval nozzle and obstructed by a razor blade in ambient pressure, which are among the common targets used in high-repetition rate laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) experiments. The results revealed the complex density distribution of the jet, including the formation of barrel shocks. The four-pass tomography setup with a wavefront sensor provides a valuable tool for the detailed characterization of gas jets, enabling the investigation of fundamental fluid mechanics phenomena and contributing to the development of advanced propulsion systems and LWFA gas targets.
Enhanced cAMP accumulation after termination of cholinergic action in the heart (1987)

Cholinergic agents decrease myocardial contractility in part by inhibiting adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity. We have found that after a prolonged preincubation period (greater than 6 h), washout of cholinergic agents from embryonic chick hearts or cultured heart cells results in a persistent increase in their basal and catecholamine-stimulated cAMP content. Membranes prepared from pretreated cells have elevated basal, forskolin-, and catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. This myocardial adaptation to cholinergic agents is analogous to changes in nerve cells and other cell types after prolonged exposures to narcotics or other inhibitors of adenylate cyclase, respectively. A rapid (less than 5 min) adaptation response to cholinergic agents can also be demonstrated in heart cells by quickly blocking agonist action with atropine. Atropine alone has no effect, but after a brief preincubation period with agonists (methacholine or oxotremorine), the addition of atropine transiently enhances catecholamine-stimulated cAMP accumulation by 2.5-fold. These responses are absent in heart cells pretreated with pertussis toxin. The data indicate that the response is not mediated by the phosphoinositide pathway, which has been demonstrated to be insensitive to pertussis toxin in chick heart. Enhanced cAMP accumulation after termination of muscarinic agonist action may provide an explanation for the observation that acetylcholine sometimes produces biphasic contractile responses.
Automated insulin delivery for type 1 diabetes (2006)

Purpose of review Automated insulin delivery using the subcutaneous site for both glucose sensing and insulin delivery, while not commercially available, is starting to be implemented in the research environment. Here, we review issues with glucose sensing and insulin delivery algorithms that need to be resolved in order to achieve a closed-loop system. Recent findings Glucose sensing technology is improving. New studies demonstrating minimal delay in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose response are reviewed, together with early studies indicating longer delay. The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous insulin, which pose a significant obstacle to closing the delivery loop, are also reviewed, together with approaches being used to develop algorithms to overcome the delay in insulin absorption from this site. Closed-loop data using the Medtronic MiniMed external Physiologic Insulin Delivery system are presented. Summary Initial closed-loop data in both animals and humans suggest that a completely automated insulin delivery system is attainable, although substantial research remains to be conducted prior to such a system being available for home patient use.
Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay (1989)

A control law for teleoperators is presented which overcomes the instability caused by time delay. By using passivity and scattering theory, a criterion is developed which shows why existing bilateral control systems are unstable for certain environments, and why the proposed bilateral control law is stable for any environment and any time delay. The control law has been implemented on a single-axis force-reflecting hand controller, and preliminary results are shown. To keep the presentation clear, a single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) linear time-invariant (LTI) teleoperator system is discussed. Nevertheless, results can be extended, without loss of generality, to an n-DOF nonlinear teleoperation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The switching location of a bipolar memristor: chemical, thermal and structural mapping (2011)

Memristors are memory resistors promising a rapid integration into future memory technologies. However, progress is still critically limited by a lack of understanding of the physical processes occurring at the nanoscale. Here we correlate device electrical characteristics with local atomic structure, chemistry and temperature. We resolved a single conducting channel that is made up of a reduced phase of the as-deposited titanium oxide. Moreover, we observed sufficient Joule heating to induce a crystallization of the oxide surrounding the channel, with a peculiar pattern that finite element simulations correlated with the existence of a hot spot close to the bottom electrode, thus identifying the switching location. This work reports direct observations in all three dimensions of the internal structure of titanium oxide memristors.
Axial dispersion via shear-enhanced diffusion in colloidal suspensions (2012)

The familiar example of Taylor dispersion of molecular solutes is extended to describe colloidal suspensions, where the fluctuations that contribute to dispersion arise from hydrodynamic interactions. The generic scheme is illustrated for a suspension of particles in a pressure-driven pipe flow, with a concentration-dependent diffusivity that captures both the shear-induced and Brownian contributions. The effect of the cross-stream migration via shear-induced diffusion is shown to dramatically reduce the axial dispersion predicted by classical Taylor dispersion for a molecular solute. Analytic and numerical solutions are presented that illustrate the effect of the concentration dependence of this nonlinear hydrodynamic mechanism. Copyright © EPLA, 2012.
Smooth Rotation Enhanced As-Rigid-As-Possible Mesh Animation (2014)

In recent years, the As-Rigid-As-Possible (ARAP) shape deformation and shape interpolation techniques gained popularity, and the ARAP energy was successfully used in other applications as well. We improve the ARAP animation technique in two aspects. First, we introduce a new ARAP-type energy, named SR-ARAP, which has a consistent discretization for surfaces (triangle meshes). The quality of our new surface deformation scheme competes with the quality of the volumetric ARAP deformation (for tetrahedral meshes). Second, we propose a new ARAP shape interpolation method that is superior to prior art also based on the ARAP energy. This method is compatible with our new SR-ARAP energy, as well as with the ARAP volume energy.
Guidelines for Development and Management of Transportation Infrastructure in Permafrost Regions (2010)

Permafrost underlies about half of the landmass of Canada and our northern road, rail and air transportation system is reliant on the strength of permafrost soils. Defined as a ground condition of either soil or rock that remains at or below 0 degrees C for long periods, permafrost is often a very capable foundation but it is very sensitive to changes in thermal conditions. Traditional planning, design, construction and maintenance practices are often poorly adapted to permafrost conditions, and climate change is adding uncertainty to performance prediction. This guide provides a compendium of best practices for development, planning, design, construction management, maintenance and rehabilitation of transportation facilities in regions of northern Canada with permafrost terrain. It is intended to be a practical, easy-to-read guide for those directly involved in any aspect of the life cycle of infrastructure in northern Canada. This guide is intended for specific use by project managers and planning/design engineers as well as maintenance personnel in their day to day work. It is also intended as a general reference for senior management to gain an understanding of the challenges of developing and managing transportation infrastructure in permafrost regions.
A 60-GHz-band planar dielectric waveguide filter for flip-chip modules (2001)

A planar dielectric waveguide filter with coplanar waveguide (CPW) I/O ports suitable for flip-chip bonding is proposed and is demonstrated for 60-GHz-band applications. The filter is formed incorporating metallized through holes in an alumina substrate. In order to improve stopband rejection, short-circuited CPW resonators with a half-wavelength are added to waveguide-to-CPW transitions. A fabricated four-resonator filter exhibits an insertion loss of 3.2 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.0 GHz and rejection of 35 dB at 3-GHz lower separation from a center frequency of 59.5 GHz. The filter is mounted by using flip-chip bonding in a multilayer ceramic package with structures to suppress parasitically propagating electromagnetic waves. No degradation of the stopband rejection is observed from 50 to 80 GHz.
Evolution of System Embedded Optical Interconnect in Sub-Top-of-Rack Data Center Systems (2022)

In this paper we review key technological milestones in system embedded optical interconnects in data centers that have been achieved between 2014 and 2020 on major European Union research and development projects. This includes the development of proprietary optically enabled data storage and switch systems and optically enabled data storage and compute subsystems. We report on four optically enabled data center system demonstrators: LightningValley, ThunderValley2, Pegasus and Aurora, which include advanced optical circuits based on polymer waveguides and fibers and proprietary electro-optical connectors. We also report on optically enabled subsystems including Ethernet-connected hard disk drives and microservers. Both are designed in the same pluggable carrier form factor and with embedded optical transceiver and connector interfaces, thus allowing, for the first time, both compute and storage nodes to be optically interchangeable and directly interconnectable over long distances. Finally, we present the Nexus platform, which allows different optically enabled data center test systems and subsystems to be interconnected and comparatively characterized within a data center test environment.
Aufgaben der Zentralen Notaufnahme beim Massenanfall von Geschädigten – Am Beispiel der Zentralen Notaufnahme im Universitätsklinikum Jena (2009)

Zeitaufwendige individualmedizinische Aktivitäten prägen das ärztliche Handeln im Krankenhausalltag. In Katastrophensituationen und/oder beim Massenanfall von Patienten muss der Klinikroutinebetrieb daher in kürzester Zeit auf zwar geschulte, aber selten praktisch geübte Abläufe umgestellt werden. Grundlage für die Lösung dieser komplexen Aufgabe sind detaillierte Alarm– und Einsatzpläne – angefangen von der Alarmierung der notwendigen Hilfskräfte (Ärzte, Pflegedienst, Dispatcher, Transportdienst, Sicherheitsdienst) über die Vorbereitung der räumlichen Ressourcen bis hin zu der Kommunikation mit der Polizei und den Journalisten sowie der Betreuung von Angehörigen. Entscheidende Nahtstelle zwischen Präklinik und Klinik ist dabei die Zentrale Notaufnahme, in der Mediziner mit notärztlicher Qualifikation arbeiten sollten.
Camino de las Misiones (2008)

Este artículo presenta una etnografía de la peregrinación del Camino de las Misiones, realizada en 2004 y 2005, en Brasil. El objetivo es comprender los fenómenos de la contemporaneidad religiosa en su relación con campos seculares de la acción humana, como el turismo, la gimnasia (cuidado corporal), el marketing que permean los nuevos rituales de peregrinación religiosa. Esta reflexión se ubica en el momento de cierre del proyecto de investigación “Caminos de Santiago en Brasil: interfaces entre peregrinación y turismo” (2004-2007), dentro del cual el Camino de las Misiones se presenta como un estudio de caso entre otros. El punto de intersección entre esos caminos está principalmente en el rol protagonista de los mediadores “seculares” de lo religioso (sagrado), que acaban ocupando el lugar que las iglesias, sobre todo la católica romana, tradicionalmente ocuparon. Las referencias utilizadas para interpretar este evento son la antropología fenomenológica, especialmente la contribución del paradigma del embodiment y la antropología del paisaje, destacándose las acciones del sujeto y del ambiente en la conformación de la experiencia humana.
Design of a mechanical clutch-based needle-insertion device (2009)

Insertion of trocars, needles, and catheters into unintended tissues or tissue compartments results in hundreds of thousands of complications annually. Current methods for blood vessel cannulation or epidural, chest tube, and initial trocar placement often involve the blind pass of a needle through several layers of tissue and generally rely on distinguishable anatomic landmarks and a high degree of clinical skill. To address this simply and without the use of electronics, a purely mechanical clutch system was developed for use in medical devices that access tissue and tissue compartments. This clutch utilizes the surface contact of a buckled filament inside an S-shaped tube to transmit force from the filament (catheter/guide wire) to the tube (needle). Upon encountering sufficient resistance at the tip, such as dense tissue, the catheter buckles and locks within the tube, causing the filament and needle to advance as one. When the needle reaches the target tissue or fluid-filled cavity, the filament unlocks and slides freely into the target region while the needle remains stationary. A similar locking phenomenon has long been observed in drill strings inside drill shafts used by the oil-drilling industry, and oil industry models were adapted to describe the motion of this clutch system. A predictive analytical model was generated and validated with empirical data and used to develop prototypes of a complete device then tested in vitro on muscle tissue and in vivo on a porcine laparoscopic model with promising results.
An oscillator-based true random number generator with jitter amplifier (2011)

This paper presents an oscillator-based TRNG (true random number generator) with jitter amplifier. The proposed jitter amplifier fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process archives 8.4× gain at 25°C, and significantly improves randomness of output bitstream. The TRNG with the jitter amplifier enhances throughput per area by 94% compared to a TRNG with frequency dividers. The prototype TRNG occupies 6,300 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , generates 2 Mbps random bitstreams, and passes FIPS 140-2 randomness tests and 12 tests in NIST test suite.
Perfluorophenyl Derivatives as Unsymmetrical Linkers for Solid Phase Conjugation (2018)

Linkers play major roles in conjugation chemistry towards the advancement of drug discovery. Two different series of fluorinated linkers were introduced to the backbone of a model peptide using solid phase peptide synthesis. These fluorinated linkers have the potential to conjugate two asymmetrical groups. This has not been done using other fluorinated linkers. This study deals with application of linkers with S, N and O terminals and reports on the investigation of their chemoselectivity and activity for branching peptide backbones using a chosen model peptide. These fluorinated linkers have unique properties that will make it possible for a large diversity of bioconjugated chemicals for different bioapplications to be designed and synthesised
Light transmission of bend insensitive optical fiber (2010)

Optical fibers, which can be sharply bent without high transmission losses, are called bend insensitive fibers. These fibers were developed to meet the increased demand of Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) applications, to allow for miniaturization of fiber optic sensors and telecom photonic components, etc. Ordinarily the structure and design of these fibers is described and its advantages specified without an explanation of how it functions. In this paper, a model of bent fiber function is proposed. With an improved capability for analysis, accurate calculations and a simplified understanding of bend insensitive fiber function should permit the expansion of fiber applications. The model presented here is based on mode-ray equivalence and applied to multimode bend insensitive fiber with low refractive index trench. A study is made of the influence of directional properties of a light source exciting a waveguide and of the parameters of the fiber on the sensitivity to bending. The dependences of light transmission on the bending radius are derived for various optical fibers and compared with experimental results.
In Vivo Laser Light Distribution in Human Prostatic Carcinoma (1994)

The extent of laser light diffusion within prostatic tumor is of major importance in the treatment of localized prostatic cancer with photodynamic therapy (PDT). The penetration of 633 nm. wavelength red light was studied in eleven patients with suspected prostatic cancer using a novel method suitable for in situ measurements. Light delivery and detector fiber, placed interstitially within the gland, determined light attenuation at different interfiber separations. Of 11 patients, 10 had bilateral and 1 had single lobe studies. The mean +/- the standard error of the mean attenuation coefficients (sigma eff) for benign and malignant prostate tissue were 0.35 +/- 0.02 mm-1 and 0.36 +/- 0.02 mm-1, respectively, indicating similar optical densities (p = .58). Patients with bilateral lobe involvement showed little intraglandular variation in sigma eff (p = 0.23). However, there was interpatient variation (sigma eff = 0.28 to 0.48 mm-1) reflecting biological differences which, though therapeutically important, were not statistically significant (p = 0.057). This study showed that treatment requires individualization and predicted that 4 cylindrical diffusers are expected to destroy 25 ml. of prostatic tumor with PDT.
Attitude Determination and RTK Positioning Using Multiple Low-Cost Receivers with Known Geometry (2021)

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