gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The application of residual stress tailoring of snap-through composites for variable sweep wings (2006)

In this paper an alternative design for variable sweep wings is investigated. It consists of a two-spar, CFRP (carbon fibres reinforced plastics) wing, with truss-like ribs. The spar-web is a shell structure laminated using an unsymmetric stack sequence in order to take advantage of the residual stress field developed during the curing process, resulting in increased transverse curvature of the spar. The eect of this curvature is twofold: to increase the moment of inertia to withstand bending stresses and, under certain loading conditions, to behave like an elastic hinge to allow the sweep angle of the wing to change.
Differential Poisoning of Human and Aspergillus nidulans DNA Topoisomerase I by Bi- and Terbenzimidazoles (1997)

DNA topoisomerase I has been partially purified from Aspergillus nidulans. The purified enzyme is most likely the major nuclear DNA topoisomerase I on the basis of the following findings. (1) Purified DNA topoisomerase I can relax both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA. (2) Neither an energy cofactor nor Mg(II) is required for the relaxation or the cleavage reaction of the enzyme. On the basis of a phosphate-transfer experiment, the Aspergillus topoisomerase I was shown to have a molecular mass (Mr) of 105 kDa. The differential sensitivity of the human and Aspergillus topoisomerase I was compared using a number of known human DNA topoisomerase I poisons. Like human DNA topoisomerase I, Aspergillus topoisomerase I is highly sensitive to the poisoning activity of camptothecin and a number of bi- and terbenzimidazoles. However, unlike human topoisomerase I, Aspergillus topoisomerase I is completely resistant to monobenzimidazoles, protoberberines (e.g. coralyne), and nitidine. Cytotoxicity studies using yeast expressing human and yeast topoisomerase I cDNAs have also demonstrated a similar differential sensitivity of yeast topoisomerase I to these human topoisomerase I poisons. These results together suggest that the nuclear fungal topoisomerase I may be sufficiently different from its human counterpart to serve as a molecular target for the development of antifungal drugs.
Využití cholinesteras v diagnostice otrav (2016)

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá využitím cholinesteras v diagnostice otrav. Jedná se o teoretickou část, která zahrnuje základní charakteristiku enzymů a cholinesteras. Práce se dále zaměřuje na otravy způsobené organofosfáty, karbamáty a jejich terapiemi.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Development of Diabetes (2002)

The early steps of insulin biosynthesis occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the beta-cell has a highly developed and active ER. All cells regulate the capacity of their ER to fold and process client proteins and they adapt to an imbalance between client protein load and folding capacity (so-called ER stress). Mutations affecting the ER stress-activated pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) and its downstream effector, the translation initiation complex eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), have a profound impact on islet cell development, function, and survival. PERK mutations are associated with the Wolcott-Rallison syndrome of infantile diabetes and mutations that prevent the alpha-subunit of eIF2 from being phosphorylated by PERK, block beta-cell development, and impair gluconeogenesis. We will review this and other rare forms of clinical and experimental diabetes and consider the role of ER stress in the development of more common forms of the disease.
The Cr2+and V2+reduction of µ-carboxylato dicobalt(III) ammine complexes. Part VIII. The mechanism of reduction of the di-µ-hydroxo-µ-oxalato-bis[triamminecobalt(III)] complex (1977)

The kinetics of the Cr2+and V2+reductions of the dicobalt(III) complex [(NH3)3Co·µ(OH,OH,C2O4)·Co(NH3)3]2+ have been studied, I= 1.0M(LiClO4). Reduction of the first cobalt(III) is rate determining and the only observed step. With Cr2+the products are equivalent amounts of [Cr(H2O)6]3+and [Cr(H2O)4C2O4]+. It is concluded that reduction of the first cobalt (III) occurs with Cr2+attack at the remote end of the oxalate. The constant for protonation of the µ-oxalato-ligand has been determined by spectrophotometric method and at 25 °C is 19.9 l mol–1. Rate constants (l mol–1S–1), enthalpies (kcal mol–1) and entropies of activation (cal K–1mol–1) are for the protonated complex 4.7.9.0, –25.1, and for the unprotonated complex 1.31 × 102, 6.3, –27.9 respectively at 25 °C. The second stage differs from that observed in the Cr2+reduction of the [(NH3)4CO·µ(NH2′C2O4)·CO(NH3)4]3+ complex which yields a binuclear chromium(III) product in a slower second stage (consecutive treatment required). Rate constants (l mol–1s–1) at 25 °C for the V2+reduction of [(NH3)3Co·µ(OH,OH,C2O4)·Co(NH3)3]2+ are 1.55 for the protonated and 27.8 for the unprotonated complex.
Acridine and Acridone Derivatives, Anticancer Properties and Synthetic Methods: Where Are We Now? (2007)

Acridine derivatives are interesting chemotherapeutic agents that were first used as antibacterial and antiparasite agents. In this review we wish to concentrate our attention on the anticancer properties of acridines used in clinics since the 1970's. Based on recent results, an outlook on antitumour acridine chemotherapy will be proposed. The biological activity of acridines is mainly attributed to the planarity of these aromatic structures, which can intercalate within the double-stranded DNA structure, thus interfering with the cellular machinery. Recent understanding of the mode of action of acridines leads to continuous and exciting research in this heterocyclic family. Indeed, biological targets such as topoisomerases I and II, telomerase/telomere and protein kinases emerge and allow the design of novel acridine-based patterns. This review further pinpoints the latest progress in the development of anticancer agents based on naturally occurring and synthetic acridines (e.g. acridones, pyridoacridines); for this matter in vitro/in vivo studies and clinical trial results will be discussed. The DNA-affinic property of acridine is also useful to vectorise drugs into cell nuclei and some applications in hypoxia-selective treatment, platinum or N-mustard derived conjugates will be reported. Some other properties including inhibition of multidrug resistance or potential impact on Alzheimer disease will be treated. It is noteworthy that the position and the nature of the substituent on the heterocyclic core are determinants for the biological property and selectivity observed. So, we wish also to disclose a summary of recent synthetic methodologies developed for acridine synthesis.
Similarities and Differences in the Acute-Phase Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques and African Green Monkeys (2021)

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 immune pathology is critical for the development of effective vaccines and treatments. Here, we employed unbiased serial whole-blood transcriptome profiling by weighted gene network correlation analysis (WGCNA) at pre-specified timepoints of infection to understand SARS-CoV-2-related immune alterations in a cohort of rhesus macaques (RMs) and African green monkeys (AGMs) presenting with varying degrees of pulmonary pathology. We found that the bulk of transcriptional changes occurred at day 3 post-infection and normalized to pre-infection levels by 3 weeks. There was evidence of coordination of transcriptional networks in blood (defined by WGCNA) and the nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 burden as well as the absolute monocyte count. Pathway analysis of gene modules revealed prominent regulation of type I and type II interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in both RMs and AGMs, with the latter species exhibiting a greater breadth of ISG upregulation. Notably, pathways relating to neutrophil degranulation were enriched in blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected AGMs, but not RMs. Our results elude to hallmark similarities as well as differences in the RM and AGM acute response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may help guide the selection of particular NHP species in modeling aspects of COVID-19 disease outcome.
Control of thermocapillary instabilities far from threshold (2005)

We report experiments on control of thermocapillary instabilities at high temperature differences, in an annular geometry. Previous studies [Phys. Fluids 14, 3039 (2002)] showed that a reasonable control of oscillatory instability could be achieved by optimizing a local heating feedback process. We conducted experiments with a basic flow converging from periphery to center. This constitutes a more unstable configuration than previously, and enables appearance of higher-order instabilities and chaos. Applying successfully local feedback control to the periodic state close to the threshold, we extend the process to higher temperature differences, where nonlinear as well as proportional/derivative control laws are necessary to obtain a significant decrease of the temperature fluctuations. Finally, proportional control allows us to synchronize a chaotic state, to a periodic one.
Small, modular, low-cost coal-fired power plants for the international market (1997)

This paper presents recent operating results of Coal Tech`s second generation, air cooled, slagging coal combustor, and its application to power plants in the 1 to 20 MW range. This 20 MMBtu/hour combustor was installed in a new demonstration plant in Philadelphia, PA in 1995. It contains the combustion components of a 1 MWe coal fired power plant, a 17,500 lb/hour steam boiler, coal storage and feed components, and stack gas cleanup components. The plant`s design incorporates improvements resulting from 2,000 hours of testing between 1987 and 1993 on a first generation, commercial scale, air cooled combustor of equal thermal rating. Since operations began in early 1996, a total of 51 days of testing have been successfully completed. Major results include durability of the combustor`s refractory wall, excellent combustion with high ash concentration in the fuel, removal of 95% to 100% of the slag in the combustor, very little ash deposition in the boiler, major reduction of in-plant parasitic power, and simplified power system control through the use of modular designs of sub-systems and computer control. Rapid fuel switching between oil, gas, and coal and turndown of up to a factor of three was accomplished. All these features have beenmore » incorporated in advanced coal fired plant designs in the 1 to 20 MWe range. Incremental capital costs are only $100 to $200/kW higher than comparable rated gas or oil fired steam generating systems. Most of its components and subsystems can be factory assembled for very rapid field installation. The low capital, low operating costs, fuel flexibility, and compatibility with very high ash fuels, make this power system very attractive in regions of the world having domestic supplies of these fuels.« less
La grotte de la Baume Bonne (Quinson, Alpes de Haute-Provence) : synthèse chronostratigraphique et séquence culturelle d'après les fouilles récentes (1988-1997) (2003)

Resuming the excavation in La Baume Bonne cave-shelter (Quinson, S-E of France), after a 20 years<br />interruption, lead to restudy the stratigraphy, establish its chronological frame and precise the technological<br />evolutionary trends of the lithic industry. Occupation of the site probably started in the OIS 10 and lasted, with<br />some gaps, until the historical times. The deposits were heavily modified by dissolution and recrystallisation of<br />carbonates and phosphates as well as by mechanical weathering and partial scooping out. The lithic industry is<br />abundant and is mostly made of local rocks, flint (75 %) and chert (25 %). It shows a progressive evolution from<br />a Lower Palaeolithic with rare handaxes and poorly organised and saving core reduction, to a Middle<br />Palaeolithic with well mastered core reduction, in order to produce diversified blanks.
RHEOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE (1965)

DENSE-GRADED BITUMEN PAVING MIXTURES WERE SUBJECTED TO DYNAMIC LOAD AND CREEP TESTS. IN THE DYNAMIC TESTS A PERIODIC STRESS WAS APPLIED TO UNCONFINED CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS, AXIAL AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRAINS BEING RECORDED. IN THE CREEP TESTS A CONSTANT AXIAL LOAD WAS APPLIED QUICKLY TO UNCONFINED SPECIMENS AND KEPT CONSTANT THROUGHOUT TESTING IN A SOIL CONSOLIDATION APPARATUS. IN ADDITION, DYNAMIC RESONANT FREQUENCY TESTS WERE CARRIED OUT ON PRISMATIC SPECIMENS SAWN FROM THE CYLINDRICAL ONES. DETAILS OF THE PROCEDURES ARE GIVEN AND THE THEORY OF VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOUR IS DISCUSSED WITH THE AID OF EQUATIONS. RESULTS ARE PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED. THE MAJOR CONCLUSIONS ARE THAT /1/ THE DENSE MIXES TESTED HAD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES WHICH COULD BE EXPRESSED BY THE LINEAR VISCOELASTIC THEORY TO A USEFUL DEGREE OF APPROXIMATION, /2/ THE TIME TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION THEORY IS VALID TO A SATISFACTORY LEVEL OF APPROXIMATION, AND /3/ TIME AND TEMPERATURE HAD AN EQUIVALENT EFFECT ON THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES. THE NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTS NEEDED TO DEFINE THE RESPONSE OF THESE MATERIALS OVER A WIDE RANGE OF TIME AND TEMPERATURE CAN THEREFORE BE REDUCED AND EXPERIMENTAL VALUES CAN BE PROJECTED TO LOWER AND HIGHER LOADING TIMES AND TO TEMPERATURES WITHIN THE RANGE TESTED.
Helicobacter pylori urease activity is toxic to human gastric epithelial cells (1990)

A human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line was used to evaluate the contribution of urease from Helicobacter (formerly Campylobacter) pylori to its cytotoxicity. Gastric cells cultured in medium supplemented with 20 mM urea were exposed to 5 x 10(6) CFU of H. pylori per ml with or without the addition of a urease inhibitor, acetohydroxamic acid. Viabilities of cells exposed to H. pylori for 2, 24, and 48 h, assessed by incorporation of neutral red dye, were 60, 27, and 16%, respectively; however, the viabilities of cells exposed to both H. pylori and acetohydroxamic acid were 92, 46, and 20% after 2, 24, and 48 h, respectively, (P less than 0.001). Therefore, the urease activity of H. pylori may play an important role in its pathogenicity, and inhibition of this enzyme activity may have therapeutic potential.
Cytosolic EZH2-IMPDH2 complex regulates melanoma progression and metastasis via GTP regulation (2021)

ABSTRACT The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) oncoprotein is a histone methyltransferase that functions canonically as a catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to tri-methylate histone H3 at Lys 27 (H3K27me3). Although targeting EZH2 methyltransferase is a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer, methyltransferase-independent oncogenic functions of EZH2 are described. Moreover, pharmacological EZH2 methyltransferase inhibition was only variably effective in pre-clinical and clinical studies, suggesting that targeting EZH2 methyltransferase alone may be insufficient. Here, we demonstrate a non-canonical mechanism of EZH2’s oncogenic activity characterized by interactions with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and downstream promotion of guanosine-5’-triphosphate ( GTP ) production. EZH2-IMPDH2 interactions identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) of EZH2 immunoprecipitates from melanoma cells were verified to occur between the N-terminal EED-binding domain of cytosolic EZH2 and the CBS domain of IMPDH2 in a methyltransfersase-independent manner. EZH2 silencing reduced cellular GTP, ribosome biogenesis, RhoA-mediated actomyosin contractility and melanoma cell proliferation and invasion by impeding the activity of IMPDH2. Guanosine, which replenishes GTP, reversed these effects and thereby promoted invasive and clonogenic cell states even in EZH2 silenced cells. IMPDH2 silencing antagonized the proliferative and invasive effects of EZH2, also in a guanosine-reversible manner. In human melanomas, high cytosolic EZH2 and IMPDH2 expression were associated with nucleolar enlargement, a marker of ribosome biogenesis. EZH2-IMPDH2 complexes were also observed in a range of cancers in which Sappanone A (SA), which inhibits EZH2-IMPDH2 interactions, was anti-tumorigenic, although notably non-toxic in normal cells. These findings illuminate a previously unrecognized, non-canonical, methyltransferase-independent, and GTP-dependent mechanism by which EZH2 regulates tumorigenicity in melanoma and other cancers, opening new avenues for development of anti-EZH2 therapeutics. Graphical Abstract Highlights EZH2 has non-canonical methyltransferase-independent and GTP-dependent tumorigenic and metastatic functions in melanoma. The N-terminal EED-binding domain of EZH2 interacts with the CBS domain of IMPDH2 in a polycomb repressive complex 2- (PRC2-) and methylation-independent manner. EZH2 accumulates with IMPDH2 in the cytoplasm and increases IMPDH2’s tetramerization-mediated activity independently of EZH2 methyltransferase. EZH2 upregulates GTP synthesis by IMPDH2 activation and thereby activates ribosome biogenesis via rRNA synthesis and actomyosin contractility via RhoA GTPase. Sappanone A (SA) inhibits IMPDH2-EZH2 interactions and is anti-proliferative across a range of cancers including melanoma, but not in normal cells.
Getting membrane proteins on and off the shuttle bus between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex (2016)

Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. Soluble cargo can be recruited to ER exit sites by signal-mediated processes (cargo capture) or by bulk flow. For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway.
Palladium Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane with Preferential B−H Activation (2010)

Cationic Pd(II) complexes catalyzed the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane in the most efficient manner with the release of 2.0 equiv of H(2) in less than 60 s at 25 degrees C. Most of the hydrogen atoms were obtained from the boron atom of the ammonia borane. The first step of the dehydrogenation reaction was elaborated using density functional theory calculations.
Pneumonia caused by a previously undescribed bacterium (1982)

A new and as yet unidentified bacterium was isolated from the lung tissue of a cancer patient with bilateral pneumonia. Clinically, the pneumonia was consistent with legionellosis; the organism cultured from the lung grew only on the charcoal-yeast extract agar routinely used for Legionella isolation. Subsequent testing, however, showed the organism to be quite distinct from the known Legionella species in its biochemical, antigenic, and growth characteristics.
Multimodal Federated Learning on IoT Data (2022)

Federated learning is proposed as an alternative to centralized machine learning since its client-server structure provides better privacy protection and scalability in real-world applications. In many applications, such as smart homes with Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, local data on clients are generated from different modalities such as sensory, visual, and audio data. Existing federated learning systems only work on local data from a single modality, which limits the scalability of the systems. In this paper, we propose a multimodal and semi-supervised federated learning framework that trains autoencoders to extract shared or correlated representations from different local data modalities on clients. In addition, we propose a multimodal FedAvg algorithm to aggregate local autoencoders trained on different data modalities. We use the learned global autoencoder for a downstream classification task with the help of auxiliary labelled data on the server. We empirically evaluate our framework on different modalities including sensory data, depth camera videos, and RGB camera videos. Our experimental results demonstrate that introducing data from multiple modalities into federated learning can improve its classification performance. In addition, we can use labelled data from only one modality for supervised learning on the server and apply the learned model to testing data from other modalities to achieve decent <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$F_{1}$</tex> scores (e.g., with the best performance being higher than 60%), especially when combining contributions from both unimodal clients and multimodal clients.
Interproton coupling constant variations in 3‐membered ring heterocycles. Separation of lone pair and inductive effects (1980)

Abstract In order to separate inductive and lone pair effects on geminal and vicinal coupling constants in a stereochemically well‐defined system, the 1 H NMR spectra of phenylcyclopropane (1), N ‐methyl‐2‐phenylaziridine (2), styrene oxide (3) and 1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylaziridinium fluorosulfonate (4) were compared. In D 2 O the heterocyclic ring protons of 4 were split into an ABX pattern which gave J(cis) = 8.5, J(trans) = 7.4 and J(gem) = −4.8 Hz (signs consistent with INDOR results). From the small solvent effects on J (vic) determined from 4‐ d 1 , it was concluded that J(gem) is −5.0 ± 1.0 Hz in methylene chloride. The absolute values for the coupling constants for 1 and 4 provide a measure of the inductive effect of the ring hetero group on J. Values of J (gem) for 2 and 3 deviated from those predicted on the basis of the above inductive effect, suggesting lone pair contributions to J (gem) of c. +5.5 Hz per lone pair. With this estimate it was possible to predict accurately the J (gem) values for 2‐ t ‐butyloxaziridine and 1‐ t ‐butyldiaziridine. The values of J(cis) and J(trans) for 2 and 3 likewise suggested a contribution of −2.5 Hz to J(cis) and −2.7 Hz to J(trans) per lone pair. The present results suggest that the major factors causing positive J (gem) values in epoxides and aziridines are increased s character to the CH bonds and lone pair effects, while the so‐called electronegativity effect actually operates in the opposite direction to decrease J (gem). Also, the unusually low J (vic) values of epoxides relative to cyclopropanes are now seen to be due more to negative lone pair contributions than to the electron withdrawing ability of oxygen.