gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of uncertainty in sensor validation, sensor fusion, and diagnosis of mechanical systems using soft computing techniques (1996)

This dissertation provides means to deal with uncertainty in complex sensor driven systems through sensor validation, sensor fusion, and diagnosis. These means include probability theory, neural network theory, and fuzzy logic. In particular, this thesis introduces means for fuzzy sensor validation and fusion which were compared with a probabilistic data association scheme. The fuzzy sensor validation and fusion approach uses non-symmetric validation regions in which sensors readings are assigned confidence values. Each sensor has its own dynamic validation curve which is shaped according to sensor characteristics, taking into account the range, external factors affecting the sensor, reliability of the sensor, etc. The curves have their maximum value at the predicted value which is arrived at using fuzzy exponential weighted moving average time series predictor. Confidence curves attain minima at the boundaries of the validation gate which are determined by the maximum physically possible change a system can undergo in one time sample. Since readings outside the gate are implausible, they are discarded. Fusion is performed using a weighted average of sensor readings and confidence values, the predicted value scaled by the operating condition, and--if available--functionally redundant values calculated from sensors other than the directly redundant ones. Each method performs best in the presence of certain types of noise and recommendations are made as to which approach is more appropriate under various conditions. Several applications from extant systems (intelligent vehicle highway systems, gas turbine power plants, milling machines) show the feasibility of the approaches developed.
Another aspect of this dissertation is to provide a tool for diagnosis in the presence of vague symptoms. This is achieved though fuzzy abduction which can diagnose crisp as well as soft faults. This means that faults can be diagnosed if they occur to some degree. The proposed algorithm computes a closeness measure taking into account the distance from an observed symptom set to the modeled symptom set for all failure combinations. It then ranks the failure sets according to maximum closeness measure and minimum cover, i.e., number of faults. As an extension, a framework for fuzzy influence diagrams is provided which uses this closeness measure.
New Dammarane and Malabaricane Triterpenes from Caloncoba echinata (2002)

Three novel triterpenes, (11R,20R)-11,20-dihydroxy-24-dammaren-3-one (1), (17S,20R,24R)-17,25-dihydroxy-20,24-epoxy-14(18)-malabaricen-3-one (2), and (17R,20S,24R)-17,25-dihydroxy-20,24-epoxy-14(18)-malabaricen-3-one (3), were isolated from leaves of Caloncoba echinata. The structures were established using mainly 800 MHz NOESY and HMBC connectivities. The absolute stereochemistry of C-11 in 1 and that of C-17 in 2 were established by the Mosher method. The stereochemistry of the side chains of the malabaricanes is compatible with their biosynthesis by a cascade opening of diepoxides. The isolated triterpenes inhibited growth of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro apparently via incorporation into erythrocyte membrane, as suggested by transformation of erythrocytes into stomatocytes at a concentration level at which the growth inhibition was observed.
[Research progress of Shenshu (BL 23)]. (2017)

In order to accurately understand the location of Shenshu (BL 23) and to improve the efficacy of acupuncture, a discussion is performed in this paper from aspects of acupoint function, anatomical structure, experiment research, clinical application, etc., hoping to provide benefit for future animal experiments and clinical selection of acupoint. The characteristics of rat spine is different from that of human, and the reliability and authenticity of acupoint location would be compromised if the anatomical characteristics of human was inflexibly applied on animals. "Shenshu" (BL 23) belongs to the bladder meridian of foot <i>taiyang</i>, and is located 1.5 <i>cun</i> lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. It is close to kidney, therefore deep insertion or repeated lifting and thrusting of needle would damage kidney and causes acupuncture accident. Therefore, to locate "Shenshu" (BL 23) in rat, the 6th lumbar vertebra is located firstly based on tuber coxae of rat, and then 11th thoracic vertebra is located by upward 4 vertebral bodies or locate 9th to 11th thoracic vertebra which are tight, and finally 2nd lumbar vertebra is located by downward 4 vertebral bodies, and "Shenshu" (BL 23) is 5 mm lateral to it. During clinical treatment, the technique should be gentle; oblique and outward insertion of needle is not allowed; the maximum depth of needle insertion is 1.6 <i>cun</i> (approximately 4.30 cm); the vertical or oblique insertion with needle 45° towards spine is appropriate; the depth of 0.8 to 1.2 <i>cun</i> (2.00 to 3.10 cm) is suitable. In cases of too thin or fat patients, the depth of needle insertion should be adjusted for safety.
A Modular Tool Architecture for Worst-Case ExecutionTime Analysis (2008)

Estimations of the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) are required in providing guarantees for timing of programs used in computer controlled products and other real-time computer systems. To derive program WCET estimates, both the properties of the software and the hardware must be considered. The traditional method to obtain WCET estimates is to test the system and measure the execution time. This is labour-intensive and error-prone work, which unfortunately cannot guarantee that the worst case is actually found. Static WCET analyses, on the other hand, are capable of generating safe WCET estimates without actually running the program. Such analyses use models of program flow and hardware timing to generate WCET estimates. This thesis includes several contributions to the state-of-the-art in static WCET analysis: (1) A tool architecture for static WCET analysis, which divides the WCET analysis into several steps, each with well-defined interfaces. This allows independent replacement of the modules implementing the different steps, which makes it easy to customize a WCET tool for particular target hardware and analysis needs. (2) A representation for the possible executions of a program. Compared to previous approaches, our representation extends the type of program flow information possible to express and handle in WCET analysis. (3) A calculation method which explicitly extracts a longest program execution path. The method is more efficient than previously presented path-based methods, with a computational complexity close to linear in the size of the program. (4) A calculation method using integer linear programming or constraint programming techniques for calculating the WCET estimate. The method extends the power of such calculation methods to handle new types of flow and timing information. (5) A calculation method that first uses flow information to divide the program into smaller parts, then calculates individual WCET estimates for these parts, and finally combines these into an overall program WCET. This novel approach avoids potential complexity problems, while still providing high precision WCET estimates. We have additionally implemented a prototype WCET analysis tool based on the proposed architecture. This tool is used for extensive evaluation of the precision and performance of our proposed methods. The results indicate that it is possible to perform WCET analysis in a modular fashion, and that this analysis produces high quality WCET estimates.
Second harmonic generation by counter propagating beams in 4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene side-chain polymer channel waveguides (1993)

We demonstrate surface emitted second harmonic generation due to mixing of counter propagating waves in in-plane poled, low loss, channel waveguides of 4-dimethylamino- 4′-nitrostilbene (DANS) side-chain polymers. Single film DANS side-chain polymer waveguides yield high conversion efficiency devices.
Video-Based Actigraphy for Monitoring Wake and Sleep in Healthy Infants: A Laboratory Study (2019)

Prolonged monitoring of infant sleep is paramount for parents and healthcare professionals for interpreting and evaluating infants' sleep quality. Wake-sleep patterns are often studied to assess this. Video cameras have received a lot of attention in infant sleep monitoring because they are unobtrusive and easy to use at home. In this paper, we propose a method using motion data detected from infrared video frames (video-based actigraphy) to identify wake and sleep states. The motion, mostly caused by infant body movement, is known to be substantially associated with infant wake and sleep states. Two features were calculated from the video-based actigraphy, and a Bayesian-based linear discriminant classification model was employed to classify the two states. Leave-one-subject-out cross validation was performed to validate our proposed wake and sleep classification model. From a total of 11.6 h of infrared video recordings of 10 healthy term infants in a laboratory pilot study, we achieved a reliable classification performance with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.733 ± 0.204 (mean ± standard deviation) and an overall accuracy of 92.0% ± 4.6%.
Effect of Selenium and Reducing Agents on In Vitro Immunoglobulin M Synthesis by Bovine Lymphocytes (1991)

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic and organic forms of Se with or without reducing agents on in vitro IgM production by bovine lymphocytes. Peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated from nonlactating Jersey cows fed a diet with adequate Se. Cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and, in addition, were cultured with various Se compounds at a concentration of 100 ng Se/ml. Mercaptoethanol (50 microM) and glutathione (1 mM) were included in cultures of cells stimulated by pokeweed mitogen with and without inorganic Se. Sodium selenite was less effective than selenomethionine and selenocystine in augmenting pokeweed mitogen-induced Ig synthesis. The addition of mercaptoethanol to pokeweed mitogen-stimulated control cultures enhanced in vitro IgM production, whereas the addition of glutathione had a negligible effect, but addition of either in combination with sodium selenite dramatically depressed IgM production. These results suggest that Se in inorganic or organic forms enhances B-cell function in vitro.
Human papillomavirus, viral load and proliferation rate in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in response to alpha interferon treatment (2005)

The aim of this study was to identify recurrent respiratory papillomatosis patients who may benefit from interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment and to determine the means of IFN-alpha action. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and viral load and proliferation rate in pre-, ongoing and post-treatment respiratory papillomatosis biopsies were examined retrospectively in 25 patients, 18 of whom were IFN-alpha treated and seven of whom were IFN-alpha non-treated. Using PCR, HPV was found to be present in 20/25 respiratory papillomatosis patients and HPV type was determined for 18/25 patients (12 HPV6 and six HPV11). Eighteen of the patients were treated with IFN-alpha, 14 of whom were HPV positive (eight HPV6, five HPV11 and one undefined HPV). Response to IFN-alpha therapy was observed in 12 patients (7/8 HPV6, 3/5 HPV11, 1/1 undefined HPV and 1/4 HPV negative), while six patients (1/8 HPV6, 2/5 HPV11 and 3/4 HPV negative) did not respond to therapy. Viral load, determined by quantitative real-time PCR (between 0.03 and 533 HPV copies per cell), and proliferation rate, determined as the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells (between 8 and 54 %), were similar in IFN-alpha-treated and non-treated patients and were generally unaffected by IFN-alpha treatment. In summary, most (12/18) IFN-alpha-treated patients responded to therapy. Moreover, there was a tendency for patients with HPV6-positive (7/8) respiratory papillomatosis to respond more frequently to IFN-alpha therapy than patients with HPV11 (3/5) or HPV-negative (1/4) respiratory papillomatosis. Finally, the presence of HPV and viral load and proliferation in respiratory papillomatosis biopsies was similar in patients treated or not with IFN-alpha and were in general unaffected by IFN-alpha treatment.
Resolving and correcting gain and phase mismatch in transmitters and receivers for wideband OFDM systems (2003)

Quadrature modulation dominates all modem communication systems. Gain and phase mismatches or imbalance between the two paths, either in the transmitter or the receiver, degrade the isolation between the supposed orthogonal components. A number of schemes exist to digitally correct the imbalances. Most of these schemes perform the correction in the time domain where the data and degradation effects is directly observed. The FFT in an OFDM receiver offers the opportunity to probe, observe, and correct the imbalance effects in the frequency domain. We present a technique that makes use of the FFT to probe, resolve, and compensate the imbalance contributions of both transmitter and receiver.
A Tripartite Data-Driven Approach for Wide-Band Electromagnetic Imaging (2021)

Electromagnetic medical imaging in the microwave regime is a hard problem notorious for 1) instability 2) under-determinism. This two-pronged problem is tackled with a two-pronged solution that uses double compression to maximally utilizing the cheap unlabelled data to a) provide a priori information required to ease under-determinism and b) reduce sensitivity of inference to the input. The result is a stable solver with a high resolution output. This work introduces a model named ‘DeepHead’; a fully data-driven implementation of the paradigm proposed in the context of microwave brain imaging. It infers the dielectric distribution of the brain at a desired single frequency while making use of an input that spreads over a wide band of frequencies. The performance of the model is evaluated with both simulations and human volunteers experiments. The inference made is juxtaposed with ground-truth dielectric distribution in simulation case, and the golden MRI / CT imaging modalities of the volunteers in real-world case.
High-speed asynchronous optical sampling for high-sensitivity detection of coherent phonons (2007)

A new optical pump-probe technique is implemented for the investigation of coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in the GHz to THz frequency range which is based on two asynchronously linked femtosecond lasers. Asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) provides the performance of on all-optical oscilloscope and allows us to record optically induced lattice dynamics over nanosecond times with femtosecond resolution at scan rates of 10 kHz without any moving part in the set-up. Within 1 minute of data acquisition time signal-to-noise ratios better than 10(exp 7) are achieved. We present examples of the high-sensitivity detection of coherent phonons in superlattices and of the coherent acoustic vibration of metallic nanoparticles.
AMCs comprised of interdigital capacitor FSS layers enable lower cost applications (2004)

The focus of this work was to reduce manufacturing costs of printed artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) by employing interdigital capacitors to enhance the effective sheet capacitance of the FSS without resorting to a second layer of overlapping patches. A 2.8 GHz AMC was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the concept. This AMC was then used to demonstrate a 2.9 GHz low profile antenna. Cost savings for this alternative manufacturing technique are estimated to be at least 50%.
Thermo-Raman investigations on thermal decomposition of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (2001)

An extensive study by thermo-Raman spectroscopy was carried out to understand the structural changes occurring during the thermal decomposition of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O in open air and under O2 and N2 flow. In addition, themogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry analysis were also carried out and a satisfactory decomposition mechanism has been proposed on a molecular level. The thermo-Raman investigations on the decomposition of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O or 12(NH4)2O·4(MoO3)7·16H2O, since there are four formulae in a unit cell, in open air indicated the formation of a first intermediate 11(NH4)2O·4(MoO3)7 in the temperature interval from 124 to 131 °C and a second intermediate 7(NH4)2O·4(MoO3)7 from 174 to 239 °C, the coexistence of a third intermediate (mixed molybdena with residual volatile components) with MoO3 from 255 to 346 °C and the formation of MoO3 from 347 °C onwards. The present investigations indicated that during the thermal decomposition process from 25 to 250 °C, the (MoO3)7 unit in (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O remained intact and the collapse of (MoO3)7 occurred to form MoO3 immediately subsequent to the loss of the remaining volatile compounds at 255 °C. The thermal decomposition of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O under O2 and N2 flow was also investigated in detail.
Stem cell homeostasis in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem is regulated by intercellular movement of CLAVATA3 and its sequestration by CLAVATA1 (2003)

Stem cell maintenance in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem is regulated by communication between the apical stem cells and the underlying organizing centre. Expression of the homeobox gene WUSCHEL in the organizing centre induces stem cell identity in the overlying neighbours, which then express the CLAVATA3 gene whose activity in turn restricts the size of the WUSCHEL expression domain. We have analyzed how the stem cells and the organizing centre communicate, by studying the mode of action of CLAVATA3 protein. We provide direct evidence that CLAVATA3 protein functions as a mobile intercellular signal in the shoot apical meristem that spreads laterally from the stem cells and acts both on their lateral neighbours and on the stem cells themselves to repress WUSCHEL transcription. We also show that the spread and range of action of CLAVATA3 can be limited by binding to its receptor CLAVATA1, which offers an explanation for how CLAVATA3 is prevented from entering the organizing centre and repressing WUSCHEL transcription there. This regulated spread of a secreted signalling molecule enables the shoot meristem to permit the onset of cell differentiation in the periphery, but at the same time to maintain a stable niche for its stem cells in the center.
Lactobacillus Sepsis Associated With Probiotic Therapy (2005)

Probiotic strains of lactobacilli are increasingly being used in clinical practice because of their many health benefits. Infections associated with probiotic strains of lactobacilli are extremely rare. We describe 2 patients who received probiotic lactobacilli and subsequently developed bacteremia and sepsis attributable to Lactobacillus species. Molecular DNA fingerprinting analysis showed that the Lactobacillus strain isolated from blood samples was indistinguishable from the probiotic strain ingested by the patients. This report indicates, for the first time, that invasive disease can be associated with probiotic lactobacilli. This report should not discourage the appropriate use of Lactobacillus or other probiotic agents but should serve as a reminder that these agents can cause invasive disease in certain populations.
Distinct subclasses of medium spiny neurons differentially regulate striatal motor behaviors (2010)

The direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia have been proposed to oppositely regulate locomotion and differentially contribute to pathological behaviors. Analysis of the distinct contributions of each pathway to behavior has been a challenge, however, due to the difficulty of selectively investigating the neurons comprising the two pathways using conventional techniques. Here we present two mouse models in which the function of striatonigral or striatopallidal neurons is selectively disrupted due to cell type-specific deletion of the striatal signaling protein dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr 32kDa (DARPP-32). Using these mice, we found that the loss of DARPP-32 in striatonigral neurons decreased basal and cocaine-induced locomotion and abolished dyskinetic behaviors in response to the Parkinson's disease drug L-DOPA. Conversely, the loss of DARPP-32 in striatopallidal neurons produced a robust increase in locomotor activity and a strongly reduced cataleptic response to the antipsychotic drug haloperidol. These findings provide insight into the selective contributions of the direct and indirect pathways to striatal motor behaviors.
Chapter 2: Linear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations (2014)

This chapter is written with the objective of making its content (and therefore the rest of the text) accessible to those not working in the field of PDEs. The aim is to describe the family of problems that can be covered by the functional equation (1.1) and, on the other hand, to mention the kind of problems to which the equation (1.1) is not directly applicable. We also focus on various equivalent norms that can be introduced on (the subspaces of) the Sobolev space H1(Ω) := W1,2(Ω) described below and point out some differences between qualitative analysis of PDEs and quantitative numerical approximations of their solutions.
More intensive therapy has a better effect for frail parents with multiple myeloma (2023)

Although randomized controlled trial data suggest that the more intensive triplet bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRd) is superior to the less intensive doublet lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), guidelines have historically recommended Rd over VRd for patients who are frail and may not tolerate a triplet. We identified 2573 patients (median age, 69.7 years) newly diagnosed with MM who were initiated on VRd (990) or Rd (1583) in the national US Veterans Affairs health care System from 2004 to 2020. We measured frailty using the Veterans Affairs Frailty Index. To reduce imbalance in confounding, we matched patients for MM stage and 1:1 based on a propensity score. Patients who were moderate-severely frail had a higher prevalence of stage III MM and myeloma-related frailty deficits than patients who were not frail. VRd vs Rd was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.94) in the overall matched population. Patients who were moderate-severely frail demonstrated the strongest association (HR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.97), whereas the association weakened in those who were mildly frail (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.61-1.05) and nonfrail (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.67-1.10). VRd vs Rd was associated with a modestly higher incidence of hospitalizations in the overall population, but this association weakened in patients who were moderate-severely frail. Our findings confirm the benefit of VRd over Rd in US veterans and further suggest that this benefit is strongest in patients with the highest levels of frailty, arguing that more intensive treatment of myeloma may be more effective treatment of frailty itself.