gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the use of surface electrical methods for oil and gas exploration in the Soviet Union (1983)

Abstract A great deal of interest has been expressed in Western countries during recent years on possible applications of surface electrical methods in oil and gas exploration. It has been reported that these methods are widely used in the Soviet Union, but to date few technical details have been available. In late 1979, the author visited the Soviet Union under the auspices of the Australia-USSR Agreement on Scientific Cooperation, with the purpose of studying recent developments in electrical and electromagnetic (EM) methods. This paper presents a summary of the use and applications of those methods in oil and gas exploration, and includes a number of case histories.The methods can be broadly classified as follows: sounding for structural mapping, sounding to measure the geoelectric properties of the oil-bearing horizon, and indirect methods which detect the presence of a geochemical plume or halo above the oil deposit. The magnetotelluric (MT) method and transient sounding in the near zone (ZSBZ) are widely used for deep sounding, especially in areas where seismic methods are ineffective. Modern ZSBZ equipment can measure over 5 1/2 decades of time, from 0.1 msec to 44.8 sec. The transmitter consists of a large (1000 m) square loop carrying a 40 A rectangular waveform, and the receiver is a multiturn coil located at the center. Depths of exploration depend upon geologic conditions, but they are typically of the order of 3 to 4 km.Statistical data, based on logging, of the geoelectric properties of a large number of oil fields have also been collected. There is generally an increase in resistivity in both the oil-bearing horizon and overlying layers. The resistivity of near-surface layers appears to be partially dependent upon climatic conditions.Experimental induced-polarization (IP) surveys have been carried out over oil and gas deposits for about ten years. Both time-domain and frequency-domain systems are used, and sometimes an orthogonal electric array is employed to reduce inductive coupling. Either low frequencies (less than 1 Hz) or late times (greater than several seconds) are measured. IP anomalies are thought to be caused by epigenetic pyritization located in a plume over oil fields in a geochemically active environment. The anomalies are either of the form of a wide anomaly centered over the top of the deposit, or the shape of a halo, surrounding the deposit. There is evidence that the behavior of the IP decay at very late times (several minutes) can be used to distinguish IP anomalies inside and outside the boundaries of a hydrocarbon deposit.
Modelling of a microstrip antenna on a finite ground plane using the expansion wave concept and the aperture integral equation formulation (2004)

A microstrip antenna located on a finite ground plane has been analysed. The calculation is split into several steps. In the first step, the microstrip antenna on an infinite ground plane is analysed using the moment method. In the next step, the radiation pattern is calculated using ray tracing techniques. The fields in the layered structure are expanded into a finite number of expansion waves. The expansion waves propagate up to the edges of the finite ground plane, where they diffract. Diffraction coefficients for these waves are calculated using a formulation based on the aperture integral equation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the proposed model.
Physics-Based 3D End-to-End Modeling for Double-RIS Assisted Non-Stationary UAV-to-Ground Communication Channels (2023)

In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) physics-based double reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) cooperatively assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) stochastic channel model for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-to-ground communication scenarios. The double-RIS is distributed on the surface of buildings can assist the UAV transmitter to reflect its own signals to the ground receiver (GR), and simultaneously enhance the propagation by passive beamforming on the RISs. In the proposed channel model, we derive the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">path power gains</i> for different propagation links between the UAV and GR, thus enabling the proposed channel model to effectively characterize both large- and small-scale fading characteristics of realistic UAV-to-ground communication systems. Furthermore, we derive the critical propagation properties of the proposed channel model, including the spatial cross-correlation functions (CCFs), temporal auto-correlation functions (ACFs), and frequency correlation functions (FCFs), with respect to different RIS reflection phase configurations as well as different RIS orientation angles. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the propagation characteristics of the proposed double-RIS assisted UAV-to-ground channel model behave better than those of traditional channel models with single-RIS link or LoS link, thereby validating the necessity of introducing double-RIS into UAV-to-ground communication.
Molecular and cytological characterization of ribosomal RNA genes inChenopodium quinoaandChenopodium berlandieri (2006)

The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are valuable as chromosome landmarks and in evolutionary studies. The NOR intergenic spacers (IGS) and 5S rRNA nontranscribed spacers (NTS) were PCR-amplified and sequenced from 5 cultivars of the Andean grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., 2n = 4x = 36) and a related wild ancestor (C. berlandieri Moq. subsp. zschackei (Murr) A. Zobel, 2n = 4x = 36). Length heterogeneity observed in the IGS resulted from copy number difference in subrepeat elements, small re arrangements, and species-specific indels, though the general sequence composition of the 2 species was highly similar. Fifteen of the 41 sequence polymorphisms identified among the C. quinoa lines were synapomorphic and clearly differentiated the highland and lowland ecotypes. Analysis of the NTS sequences revealed 2 basic NTS sequence classes that likely originated from the 2 allopolyploid subgenomes of C. quinoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that C. quinoa possesses an interstitial and a terminal pair of 5S rRNA loci and only 1 pair of NOR, suggesting a reduction in the number of rRNA loci during the evolution of this species. C. berlandieri exhibited variation in both NOR and 5S rRNA loci without changes in ploidy.
Characteristics of $\hbox{Si/SiO}_{2}$ Interface Properties for CMOS Fabricated on Hybrid Orientation Substrate Using Amorphization/Templated Recrystallization (ATR) Method (2011)

In this paper, for the hybrid orientation technology (HOT), we propose a modified amorphization/templated recrystallization (ATR) process to improve the material quality. The characterization of Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface properties for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices fabricated on HOT wafers is demonstrated through charge pumping (CP) and low-frequency (1/f) noise measurements simultaneously. For n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (nMOSFETs), devices with the increased defect-removal annealing time bring out a significant decrease in the CP current and the 1/f noise. The results indicate that ATR-induced defects are further repaired and consequently achieve a well Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface. In addition, the driving current improvement is observed in devices with a small dimension utilizing the modified ATR process. For p-type MOSFETs (pMOSFETs), the direct-current characteristic, CP, and 1/f noise results are comparable between both HOT wafers. It means that the modified process would not affect bonded (110) regions and degrade the device performance. Hence, this modified process could be adopted to improve the fabrication of the CMOS on the HOT wafer using the ATR method. Moreover, the physical origins of the 1/f noise is attributed to a fluctuation in the mobility of free carriers for pMOSFETs and a unified model, incorporating both the carrier- number and correlated mobility fluctuations, for nMOSFETs.
Design of a 12&#x00D7;16-element double-layer corporate-feed waveguide slot array antenna (2014)

The plate-laminated waveguide slot array antenna is a high-efficiency and wide-band antenna in the millimeter-wave band. However, in the conventional corporate-feed circuit, the number of radiating elements is limited to be a power of two by using a cascade of T-junctions. In this paper, we propose the corporate-feed with a cross junction and an asymmetric T-junction for 12×16 elements. The bandwidth for VSWR less than 1.5 is 7.64%. Antenna efficiency of 82.6% is obtained at the design frequency of 61.5 GHz by simulation.
The Latest Progress on IEEE 802.11mc and IEEE 802.11ai [Standards] (2016)

IEEE 802.11 is a working group operating under the sponsorship of the IEEE Local Area Network (LAN)/Metropolitan Area Network Standards Committee (LMSC). It is responsible for writing standards focusing on wireless LANs (WLANs). A WLAN's typical transmission range is up to 100 m. Unlicensed spectrum is generally considered, including 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz, with a few exceptions, such as the lightly licensed spectrum being considered in IEEE 802.11y and the TV whitespace being considered in IEEE 802.11af.
Active scour monitoring using ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry to detect a soil interface (2021)

Local scour is arguably the most pressing issue regarding the safety and longevity of overwater civil infrastructure. Many modern scour detection techniques do not provide continuous scour depth measurements, nor can they function under extreme flow conditions, which is when scour monitoring becomes most critical. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop scour depth monitoring sensors using ultrasonic time domain reflectometry (UTDR). The scour sensor was based on an aluminum strip with two piezoelectric macro fiber composites (MFCs) bonded at one end. The aluminum strip or rod-like sensor is intended to be driven and buried at the location where scour depth measurements are desired. The two MFCs were used to either generate or sense ultrasonic Lamb wave pulses propagating in the aluminum strip. During scour, as sediment is eroded from around the base of the strip, the distance (i.e., scour depth) between the MFCs and the soil interface would increase. The hypothesis was that increasing scour depth would change the mechanical impedance of the system to cause measurable and unique signatures in the residual Lamb wave signals. To test this hypothesis, different interfaces (i.e., metal-metal, polymer-metal, and soil-metal) were applied at different locations along the aluminum strip and MFC system. The MFC sensor-actuator pair was actuated to propagate and measure the corresponding Lamb waves during each test. The results showed clear changes in the residual signal, which were well-correlated to the changing locations of the artificial interface. In particular, the time-of-flight of the response pulse within the residual signature could be used to accurately determine the location of the soil interface or scour depth. Overall, this study demonstrated feasibility of an UTDR sensor for scour monitoring.
Large Metasurface Aperture for Millimeter Wave Computational Imaging at the Human-Scale (2017)

We demonstrate a low-profile holographic imaging system at millimeter wavelengths based on an aperture composed of frequency-diverse metasurfaces. Utilizing measurements of spatially-diverse field patterns, diffraction-limited images of human-sized subjects are reconstructed. The system is driven by a single microwave source swept over a band of frequencies (17.5-26.5 GHz) and switched between a collection of transmit and receive metasurface panels. High fidelity image reconstruction requires a precise model for each field pattern generated by the aperture, as well as the manner in which the field scatters from objects in the scene. This constraint makes scaling of computational imaging systems inherently challenging for electrically large, coherent apertures. To meet the demanding requirements, we introduce computational methods and calibration approaches that enable rapid and accurate imaging performance.
Injection seeding of lasing in microdroplets (1997)

Injection seeding of lasing has been achieved in both small (~20-mu; m radius) and larger (~35-mu; m radius) dye-doped microdroplets. Seeding is effective in enhancing the intensity from one lasing mode that normally occurs because of the droplet morphology. Competition between the seeded mode and unseeded lasing modes that have good spatial overlap with the seeded mode prevents lasing on some unseeded lasing modes.
Antioxidant defense in renal proximal tubular cells from normal and diabetic rats (2010)

Primary cultures of proximal tubular (PT) cells from streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats had higher basal and toxicant‐stimulated reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential and were more susceptible to oxidant injury as compared to those from age‐matched control rats. Both N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) and a cell‐permeable catalase derivative (Cat‐SKL) protected. Despite higher basal oxidant stress, mitochondria of diabetic PT cells had higher GSH content. Protein levels of mitochondrial GSH transporters were slightly higher in diabetes, that of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was modestly elevated, and that of total thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) was decreased at 30 days and increased at 90 days. Levels of 3‐nitrotyrosine‐modified proteins in mitochondria were somewhat higher at both times in diabetic rats. 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE)‐modified proteins were mostly increased at 30 days but decreased at 90 days. Thus, redox processes and mitochondrial energetics are markedly altered due to diabetes and change as nephropathy progresses. (Supported by DOD Grant PR64340)
BER performance of phase compensation according to the FFT start point offset in OFDM system (2013)

Generally in OFDM system, we intentionally set the FFT start point offset for the purpose of preventing from ICI in the perspective of implementation, but it will bring phase rotation that can not be compensated by simple LS channel estimation. Therefore, in this paper, we showed that uncoded BER performances were enhanced by the phase compensation method when we used the FFT start point offset in the presence of received time synchronization errors.
Supplementary Data from Combinatorial Inactivation of Tumor Suppressors Efficiently Initiates Lung Adenocarcinoma with Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

Supplementary Data from Combinatorial Inactivation of Tumor Suppressors Efficiently Initiates Lung Adenocarcinoma with Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
A Pelvic Support Osteotomy and Femoral Lengthening with Monolateral Fixator (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of Eye Injury Risk from Consumer Fireworks (2013)

Eye injuries affect approximately two million people annually. Various experimental studies have been performed to evaluate potentially injurious conditions from blunt objects using animal and human cadaver eyes. Experimental data from these studies have been used to develop injury risk curves to predict eye injuries based on projectile parameters such as kinetic energy and normalized energy. Recently, intraocular pressure (IOP) has been correlated to injury risk, which allows eye injuries to be predicted if projectile characteristics are unknown. Additionally, the measurement of IOP and the association of IOP to injury risk in experimental tests has opened up the field to studying eye injury mechanisms from overpressure. The current manuscript presents recent experimental tests that evaluated the response of human cadaver eyes exposed to firework overpressure. Consumer fireworks serve as a model of low level blast, and provides a foundation to studying higher blast overpressures (i.e., that would be observed in military combat). Although some studies state that eye injury can result solely from primary blast (overpressure), there is no empirical evidence in the literature to support this. Future experimental studies should be conducted to assess this statement.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Phase I Study of the HSP90 Inhibitor Retaspimycin Hydrochloride (IPI-504) in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors or Soft-Tissue Sarcomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF file 49K, Example Western Blot Showing that IPI 504 above 150 mg/m2 Induces an Increase in Hsp70 in PBLs from GIST Patients PBLs were purified from GIST patient samples, and lysed. Ten microg of protein lysates were run on an SDS-PAGE minigel. After transfer, the membrane was labeled using anti-Hsp70 antibody and chemiluminescence&lt;/p&gt;
선진(先秦) 소학 제도의 연구 (2011)

선진(先秦) 학교 제도에 대한 연구는 중국이나 동아시아 교육사 뿐 아니라 세계교육사적인 측면에서도 큰 의미가 있다. 나아가 인류 문명의 발전 과정을 추적한다는 측면에서 문명사적인 의의도 찾을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 고대의 문헌자료, 갑골문과 금문 자료, 그리고 지금까지 단편적으로 단행본 등에 언급되었던 현대 학자들의 견해 등 세 가지 연구 자료를 통하여 선진(先秦) 시대의 소학과 관련된 기본적인 문제, 즉 설립 시기의 문제, 설립 목적과 기능, 교육 내용, 교사 문제 등에 대하여 몇 가지 잠정적인 결론을 도출해내어 동아시아 고대사회의 소학 연구의 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 소학에 대한 근거 자료가 대부분 후한(後漢) 이후의 문헌이어서 사실을 확인하는데 어려움이 있으나 20세기 들어 갑골문, 금문 등에 대한 해독 작업으로 연구에 일부 진전이 있었다. 연구의 최대 성과는 역시 선진 시대에 소학이 존재했다는 사실을 확인한 것이다. 특히 서주의 소학은 교육 공간과 교육 내용, 교사 등 여러 면에서 체제적으로 상당히 완비된 상태였다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
Improving the SAGD Performance by Introducing a New Well Configuration (2011)

Summary Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a commercially successful recovery process that produces heavy oils and bitumen. The method ensures both a stable displacement front of steam and economical rates by using gravity as the driving force with a pair of horizontal wells for injection/production. Although several ways of improving the performance have been discussed in the literature, the well configuration employed in the process has remained the same as originally proposed by Butler et al. (1981). A systematic attempt to improve the performance by using radically different well configurations has not been reported. This paper presents a study intended to examine the applicability of a new well configuration to SAGD processes in Athabasca and Cold Lake reservoirs in central and northern Alberta. The fully implicit thermal-reservoir simulator, CMG's STARS 2007, with fully coupled wellbores was used to account for frictional pressure drop and heat losses along the wellbore. 3D numerical simulation models were set up, and sensitivity analyses were conducted on injection pressure. After optimization of the injection pressure, an investigation of new well configurations was conducted using these models. The result of this work shows that the SAGD-process performance in Athabasca and Cold Lake reservoirs can be improved significantly by changing the well configuration.
Substance P-embedded multilayer on titanium substrates promotes local osseointegration via MSC recruitment (2019)

In this study, the chemokine substance P (SP) was inserted into multilayered systems on titanium (Ti)-based substrates for endogenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment to facilitate bone healing. The multilayer was constructed with cationic chitosan (Chi), SP and anionic gelatin (Gel) via a spin-coater-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. The characterization results demonstrated that the multilayer system was successfully constructed and was capable of continuously releasing SP for almost 2 weeks. We further confirmed that MSCs grown on SP-modified Ti-based substrates showed improved migration capabilities as well as enhanced secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9), rather than enhanced MSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In the CD29<sup>+</sup>/CD90<sup>+</sup> double immunofluorescence assay, the Ti/LBL-SP group showed the highest number of MSCs migrating to the peri-implant area after implantation. Consistently, the Ti/LBL-SP implants also significantly enhanced new bone formation according to the results of micro-CT scanning analysis, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining. The obtained results reveal that SP-modified Ti-based substrates were beneficial for bone formation via recruiting endogenous MSCs.
Use of multiple displacement amplification to amplify genomic DNA before sequencing of the α and β haemoglobin genes (2004)

The MDA technique is useful for overcoming the problem of insufficient genomic DNA in clinical specimens requiring haemoglobin gene sequencing and could be useful for other clinical applications.
Autophagy as a mechanism for adaptive prediction-mediated emergence of drug resistance (2021)

ABSTRACT Drug resistance is a major problem in treatment of microbial infections and cancers. There is growing evidence that a transient drug tolerant state may precede and potentiate the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms leading to tolerance is critical for combating drug resistance and for the development of effective therapeutic strategy. Through laboratory evolution of yeast, we recently demonstrated that adaptive prediction (AP), a strategy employed by organisms to anticipate and prepare for a future stressful environment, can emerge within 100 generations by linking the response triggered by a neutral cue (caffeine) to a mechanism of protection against a lethal agent (5-FOA). Here, we demonstrate that mutations selected across multiple laboratory evolved lines had linked the neutral cue response to core genes of autophagy. Across these evolved lines, conditional activation of autophagy through AP conferred tolerance, and potentiated subsequent selection of mutations in genes specific to overcoming the toxicity of 5-FOA. We propose a model to explain how extensive genome-wide genetic interactions of autophagy facilitates emergence of AP over short evolutionary timescales to potentiate selection of resistance-conferring mutations.