gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability studies of oral dosage forms containing levodopa and carbidopa using column-switching chromatography followed by electrochemical detection (2000)

A reliable multi-dimensional column chromatographic method employing amperometric detection using a carbon fibre microelectrode procedure was used for monitoring the plasma profiles and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of levodopa (L-dopa) and carbidopa (C-dopa), after ingestion of oral formulations containing these drugs. The peak currents obtained for the different analytes were directly proportional to the analyte over the concentration range 0.02-4 micrograms ml-1. Using this method, the minimum detectable concentration was estimated to be 5 and 8 ng ml-1 for L-dopa and C-dopa, respectively. Recovery studies ranged from 93.83 to 89.76%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 7%. The study was carried out in two separate weeks on five healthy non-patient fasted male/female volunteers in the age range 20-37 years and weighing between 60 kg and 78 kg. The pharmacokinetic profile of two controlled-release products containing both L-dopa and C-dopa (Sinemet CR3 and CR4) was compared on the one hand and Sinemet conventional tablets on the other. The pharmacokinetic parameters, peak concentration (Cmax), the time taken to obtain this level (Tmax), elimination half-time T1/2, elimination rate constant (Kel), plasma level ratio, fluctuation index (FI) and the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC0-8), were investigated for each individual formulation. A comparison of the uptake of L-dopa from the conventional formulation showed that L-dopa entered the plasma and achieved peak levels higher than that of the controlled release formulations. However, it showed a much higher fluctuation index and the plasma concentrations were more stable with the controlled release formulations. The data also indicated a very low accumulation of both levodopa and carbidopa following repeated administration of the drugs, which was consistent with their relatively short half-lives (less than 2 h). In contrast, the half-life for the metabolite 3-orthomethyl dopa (3-OMD) is in the order of 13 h. As a result, there was an extensive accumulation of 3-OMD and its levels were significantly higher than those of levodopa or carbidopa upon repeated administration. Urine recoveries of the three analytes over one 8 h dosing interval showed that the majority of the excreted levodopa and carbidopa was recovered during the first 4 h, and there is proportionally greater excretion of the carbidopa dose than the levodopa dose.
Transplantation of Wild-Type Spermatogonia Leads to Complete Spermatogenesis in Testes of Cyclic 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Modulator-Deficient Mice1 (2002)

The cAMP response element modulator (CREM) gene encodes transcription factors that are highly expressed in spermatids. A deficiency of the CREM gene leads to male infertility in mice due to round spermatid maturation arrest. However, CREM is also expressed in testicular Sertoli cells. We investigated whether CREM deficiency affects the germ line alone or whether the testicular environment is also dependent on CREM function. We examined the restoration of donor-derived spermatogenesis in CREM-deficient testes after transfer of wild-type spermatogonia (16 animals) and after transplantation of germ cells from CREM-deficient or heterozygous donors into spermatogenic tubules of wild-type hosts (16 and 12 animals). Six wk after endogenous spermatogenesis had been depleted by busulphan treatment, spermatogonia were transferred via the rete testis. Production of donor-derived germ cells in the deficient recipients was confirmed by testicular histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of testis fragments 7 and 13 wk after germ cell transfer. Sperm with donor genotype, as detected by PCR, also were flushed from the epididymis. Germ cell transfer using heterozygous donors was also successful. CREM-deficient germ cells largely failed to colonize wild-type recipient testes. According to these findings, germ cell differentiation is dependent on CREM function. The testicular environment of CREM-deficient mice is not essentially affected and is able to support complete spermatogenesis in the presence of wild-type germ cells.
Direct shape operation of a robotic manipulator using a shape sensor (2004)

In this paper, we provide a realistic way to achieve the whole-arm manipulation by the direct shape operation of a robotic manipulator. We use a tape-like shape sensor as a reference shape generation device. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of the direct shape operation of a manipulator.
Fundamental noise limits in micromachined acoustic and vibration sensors (1992)

Since the introduction of the micromachining process, wherein small mechanical structures are etched from blocks of silicon, a number of very small acoustic and vibration sensors have been built. This size reduction is attractive for many applications but the small moving parts are especially susceptible to mechanical noise resulting from molecular agitation. For sensors designed for small-signal applications (microphones and hydrophones, for example), this mechanical-thermal noise is often one of the limiting noise components. While often neglected in design and analysis, this component is relatively easy to estimate, since, like electrical-thermal noise, the magnitude of mechanical-thermal noise depends only on temperature and the magnitude of mechanical damping. This paper will review several techniques for evaluating noise in acoustic and vibration sensors in general and in micromachined sensors in particular: (1) addition of a white-noise force generator for each component of mechanical resistance; (2) distribution of the equipartition noise power according to the frequency response of the sensor; and (3) application of a software electronic-circuit simulator to the mechanical equivalent circuit of a device. In addition, the complementary relationship of shot noise (nonequilibrium) and thermal noise (equilibrium) will be discussed. Several case studies including capacitive and electron-tunneling micromachined sensors will be used to illustrate the analysis procedures and to unravel some of the misconceptions about noise limits in sensing systems. [Work supported by Office of Naval Technology.]
Homogeneous Photoredox System for Hydrogen Production by Solar Energy (1979)

Abstract In a redox system consisting of 5 × 10 -5 mol dm -3 Ru(bpy)3 2+ complex, 4 × 10 -3 mol dm -3 methylviologen and 5 × 10 -3 mol dm -3 EDTA in aqueous solutions (pH = 3 to 8.5) without catalyst, hydrogen is formed under illumination with light λ &gt; 360 nm. The highest yield was established in the pH-range between 4 and 5. The degradation of the components by prolonged use was studied spectroscopically. For comparison hydrogen evolution was also studied replacing EDTA by TEA or SCN - , respectively, in the above mentioned system.
A Vault-Encapsulated Enzyme Approach for Efficient Degradation and Detoxification of Bisphenol A and Its Analogues (2019)

We report an effective and environmentally sustainable water treatment approach using enzymes encapsulated in biogenic vault nanoparticles. Manganese peroxidase (MnP), whose stability was remarkably extended by encapsulating into vaults, rapidly catalyzed the biotransformation of endocrine-disrupting compounds, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol AP (BPAP). The vault-encapsulated MnP (vMnP) treatment removed 80-95% of each of the tested bisphenols (BPs) at lower enzyme dosage, while free native MnP (nMnP) only resulted in a 19-36% removal, over a 24-h period. Treatment by vMnP and nMnP resulted in considerable disparities in product species and abundance, which were consistent with the observed changes in the estrogenic activities of BPs. To test if vMnP-catalyzed transformations generated toxic intermediates, we assessed biological hallmarks of BP toxicity, namely, the ability to disrupt reproductive processes. The toxicity of vMnP-treated samples, as measured in the model organism, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, was dramatically reduced for all three BPs, including the reproductive indicators of BPA exposure such as reduced fertility and increased germ cell death. Collectively, our results indicate that the vMnP system represents an efficient and safe approach for the removal of BPs and promise the development of vault-encapsulated customized enzymes for treating other targeted organic compounds in contaminated waters.
Processing of Sugar‐Coated Red Kidney Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ): Fate of Oligosaccharides and Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and Evaluation of Sensory Quality (2006)

ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to expand the uses of red kidney beans beyond traditional products such as sugar‐coated beans—a popular snack food in many Asian countries. Beans were soaked for 12 h (initial temperature 77 °C, end temperature 24 ± 1 °C) and then cooked in boiling water (approximately 99.3 °C) for 14 min. Finally, the cooked beans were sugar‐coated by dipping in 20%, 35%, or 50% sugar syrup (w/w) for 45 min at 70 °C and excess syrup was drained at the end of the process. Beans were analyzed for oligosaccharides (raffinose and stachyose) and lectins, as phytohemagglutinating (PHA) activity, at predetermined intervals during processing. A 105‐member consumer panel evaluated bean quality for texture, color, sweetness, flavor, and overall acceptability. Most of the weight (81.1% of total) was gained during the 1st h of soaking. There was a significant reduction in raffinose (80.8%) and stachyose (83.4%) after 12 h of soaking. Cooking, which further reduced raffinose for a combined total of 95.8%, had no effect on stachyose. The lectins decreased by about 90% in cooked beans, with over half of inactivation occurring during soaking. On a hedonic scale of 1 to 9 (1 = dislike extremely, 9 = like extremely), all 3 bean samples scored above 5 for all the sensory attributes tested. Beans coated with 50% sugar syrup were rated best overall, with a score of 6.1. Frequency distribution of overall acceptability scores showed that 59% to 70% of the panelists rated different bean samples at a score of 6 or higher.
Abstract 17890: High Perforin-Positive Cardiac Cell Infiltration and Male Gender Predict Adverse Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy (2017)

Aims: We analysed possible influence of perforin-dependent infiltration upon long-term mortality in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (CMi). We previously demonstrated that left ventricular...
ChemInform Abstract: Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Functionalized Vinyl Sulfides by Radical Allylation. (2014)

Abstract 2‐Fluoropyridinyl‐6‐oxy‐substituted vinyl sulfides react with xanthate‐derived radicals to yield functionalized vinyl sulfides via an addition/elimination process.
Fourier Domain - Optical Coherence Tomography based on a Quadrature Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (2007)

A quadrature Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on a 3 x 3 fiber coupler is presented. This novel interferometric platform is used in a homodyne configuration within an optical coherence tomography system. A fast swept laser source is used as light source. The complex interferometric signal is reconstructed so the complex conjugate ambiguity is removed. The features of this novel setup are discussed.
Optimizing a hybrid SSD/HDD HPC storage system based on file size distributions (2013)

We studied file size distributions from 65 customer installations and a total of nearly 600 million files. We found that between 25% and 90% of all files are 64 Kbytes or less in size, yet these files account for less than 3% of the capacity in most cases. In extreme cases 5% to 15% of capacity is occupied by small files. We used this information to size the ratio of SSD to HDD capacity on our latest HPC storage system. Our goal is to automatically allocate all of the block-level and file-level metadata, and all of the small files onto SSD, and use the much cheaper HDD storage for large file extents. The unique storage blade architecture of the Panasas system that couples SSD, HDD, processor, memory, and networking into a scalable building block makes this approach very effective. Response time measured by metadata intensive benchmarks is several times better in our systems that couple SSD and HDD. The paper describes the measurement methodology, the results from our customer survey, and the performance benefits of our approach.
Power Minimization Based Resource Allocation for Interference Mitigation in OFDMA Femtocell Networks (2014)

With the introduction of femtocells, cellular networks are moving from the conventional centralized network architecture to a distributed one, where each network cell should make its own radio resource allocation decisions, while providing inter-cell interference mitigation. However, realizing such distributed network architecture is not a trivial task. In this paper, we first introduce a simple self-organization rule, based on minimizing cell transmit power, following which a distributed cellular network is able to converge into an efficient resource reuse pattern. Based on such self-organization rule and taking realistic resource allocation constraints into account, we also propose two novel resource allocation algorithms, being autonomous and coordinated, respectively. Performance of the proposed self-organization rule and resource allocation algorithms are evaluated using system-level simulations, and show that power efficiency is not necessarily in conflict with capacity improvements at the network level. The proposed resource allocation algorithms provide significant performance improvements in terms of user outages and network capacity over cutting-edge resource allocation algorithms proposed in the literature.
High sensitivity piezomagnetic force microscopy for quantitative probing of magnetic materials at the nanoscale (2013)

Accurate scanning probing of magnetic materials at the nanoscale is essential for developing and characterizing magnetic nanostructures, yet quantitative analysis is difficult using the state of the art magnetic force microscopy, and has limited spatial resolution and sensitivity. In this communication, we develop a novel piezomagnetic force microscopy (PmFM) technique, with the imaging principle based on the detection of magnetostrictive response excited by an external magnetic field. In combination with the dual AC resonance tracking (DART) technique, the contact stiffness and energy dissipation of the samples can be simultaneously mapped along with the PmFM phase and amplitude, enabling quantitative probing of magnetic materials and structures at the nanoscale with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. PmFM has been applied to probe magnetic soft discs and cobalt ferrite thin films, demonstrating it as a powerful tool for a wide range of magnetic materials.
Italian position statement on hormone replacement therapy following the National Conference on Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy, Villa Tuscolana, Frascati (Rome), May 8–9, 2007 (2007)

Italian position statement on hormone replacement therapy following the National Conference on Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy, Villa Tuscolana, Frascati (Rome), May 8-9, 2007.
P35: Characterization and Comparison of Thermoplastic Material Performance Using Pressure-Volume Relationships (2023)

Purpose: Characterizing mechanical performance of finished materials can be challenging due to geometric constraints and the effects of downstream processing on raw material behavior. The following describes a more sensitive test method to accurately characterize the performance of a thin polymeric sheet material. Methods: Two different polymers, Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU, and Thermoplastic Elastomer, TPE, were selected for characterization. Each was molded and assembled into a manifold. Both polymers were under a constant pressure load over time, as a control and measurement technique. Fluid was injected incrementally into the assembly and the resulting injectate volume was measured by mass difference up to a limit volume to understand material behavior post processing. Results: The plotted pressure-volume relationships were distinct between TPU and TPE at two time intervals, as shown in Figure 1. A reduced pressure response to the same volume at test repetition demonstrated that both materials showed permanent set over time. Volume offset between sample runs illustrated reduced mechanical performance over time due to material creep. Conclusion: The pressure-volume testing method successfully characterized performance of the materials over time to discriminate the material set properties between two thin polymeric sheet material, which could not be detected for a finished component using traditional tensile test methods. This repeated method can be used during material selection in various applications for materials with a manufactured finished component, especially for the medical device industry where polymers are carefully chosen and designed for a specific function.
Identification of human herpesvirus 6-specific DNA sequences in two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1988)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently discovered virus which has not been causally linked to any particular disease. In order to investigate the possible role of this virus in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, we examined tissue samples from 117 patients for the presence of HHV-6-specific DNA sequences. Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found to be positive. One patient had a T cell lymphoma and a preceding history of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy; the other had a B cell lymphoma occurring in the context of Sjögren's syndrome. HHV-6 has been isolated previously from a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and viral sequences have been identified in another patient with Sjögren's syndrome and B cell lymphoma. The relationship between HHV-6 and these conditions therefore warrants further investigation.
High-temperature cyclic fatigue in air of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite with a pyrolytic carbon interface (2021)

A cyclic fatigue test of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites was conducted at 1400°C and compared to the monotonic tensile test. The specimens were prepared with an interface layer of pyrolytic carbon and densified through chemical vapor infiltration. In the monotonic tensile test, at 1400°C, the specimen fractured at a strain of 0.35% with a proportional limit stress of 175 MPa, showing a typical fiber pull-out. However, after a prolonged cyclic test with increasing stresses from 65 to 95 MPa, the specimen fractured brittlely with almost no fiber pull-out. The microstructure analysis of the fracture surface showed different oxidation levels with respect to fracture locations, indicating that the crack propagated during the cyclic fatigue test. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the interface layer of pyrolytic carbon was removed by oxidation and oxide layers were formed on both sides of the fiber and matrix at the later stage of the cyclic test, resulting in a strong interface between the fibers and matrix and brittle fracture during the cyclic test at 1400°C.
Новая технология создания высокочувствительных сегнетопьезоэлектрических материалов на основе гибрида микро- и наноструктурированных полимеров (2019)

AbstractFabrication of composites based on micro- and nanostructured hybrid polymers have been studied. A new technology for nanoparticle immobilization in the polymer matrix of the composite has been suggested. Its essence is to produce functional electronegative polymer segments in the polymer matrix, which are the main agents preventing nanoparticle mobilization in the polymer phase of a composite.
Multi-excitation, Multi-emission Autofluorescence Imaging (AFI) for the In Vivo Identification of at Risk Cervical Tissue (2016)

In the cervix in vivo multi-excitation multi-emission (AFI) data can have high sensitivity (~90% ) but specificity is affected by confounding tissue structures. OCT-AFI combined imaging has potential to identify these confounding structures.
Salinipostins A–K, Long-Chain Bicyclic Phosphotriesters as a Potent and Selective Antimalarial Chemotype (2015)

Despite significant advances in antimalarial chemotherapy over the past 30 years, development of resistance to frontline drugs remains a significant challenge that limits efforts to eradicate the disease. We now report the discovery of a new class of antimalarials, salinipostins A-K, with low nanomolar potencies and high selectivity indices against mammalian cells (salinipostin A: Plasmodium falciparum EC50 50 nM, HEK293T cytotoxicity EC50 > 50 μM). These compounds were isolated from a marine-derived Salinospora sp. bacterium and contain a bicyclic phosphotriester core structure, which is a rare motif among natural products. This scaffold differs significantly from the structures of known antimalarial compounds and represents a new lead structure for the development of therapeutic targets in malaria. Examination of the growth stage specificity of salinipostin A indicates that it exhibits growth stage-specific effects that differ from compounds that inhibit heme polymerization, while resistance selection experiments were unable to identify parasite populations that exhibited significant resistance against this compound class.
Operando Evidence for a Universal Oxygen Evolution Mechanism on Thermal and Electrochemical Iridium Oxides (2018)

Progress in the development of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology requires decreasing the anode overpotential, where the sluggish multistep oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs. This calls for an understanding of the nature of the active OER sites and reaction intermediates, which are still being debated. In this work, we apply synchrotron radiation-based near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies under operando conditions in order to unveil the nature of the reaction intermediates and shed light on the OER mechanism on electrocatalysts most widely used in PEM electrolyzers-electrochemical and thermal iridium oxides. Analysis of the O K-edge and Ir 4f spectra backed by density functional calculations reveals a universal oxygen anion red-ox mechanism regardless of the nature (electrochemical or thermal) of the iridium oxide. The formation of molecular oxygen is considered to occur through a chemical step from the electrophilic O<sup>I-</sup> species, which itself is formed in an electrochemical step.
Formation Mechanism of a Low Friction ZDDP Tribofilm on Iron Oxide (2007)

International audience
Reproducible SERRS from structured gold surfaces (2007)

Metallic substrates with ordered spherical cavities have been shown to be very effective for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and can be fabricated reproducibly using electrodeposition. The sensitivity of detection is increased by several orders of magnitude by using surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). In this report we demonstrate SERRS for the first time on electrodeposited gold films templated with colloidal spheres and demonstrate the reproducibility of the response. We also obtain a direct comparison between SERRS and SERS by choosing two dyes, Cy5 and Cy3, which are similar in structure but differ in their excitation maxima, such that one is resonant and the other non-resonant with our laser excitation. As expected, the resonant enhancement is found to be of the order of 10(3) over and above that for SERS. The net SERRS enhancements are shown to be of the order of 10(9). We also find that the resonant enhancement profile of the different peaks for the chromophore follows the plasmonic resonance absorption spectrum obtained for the structured surface.