gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of FBG as Dispersion Compensator with Different Apodization in an Optical Fiber Link (2018)

Abstract Nowadays, optical communication is a popular technique to transmit the data. In daily life, we share our useful data by using optical network but dispersion is the main performance limiting factor. However, the compensation of dispersion by dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) can boost the system significantly. This proposed work investigates and analyzes the performance of optical transmission system at 1550 nm using FBG as dispersion compensator. The FBGs with several types of apodization were modeled in this study. It was proven that apodization profile could reduce the sidelobes. In addition, each profile also has the bandwidth and the maximum reflectivity better than others. Link has been simulated in efficient optical communication software called Opti-system. Keywords: Bit error rate, DC, dispersion compensating fiber, eye diagram, fiber Bragg grating, optical power meter, Q-factor, SMF, VAS, WDM system Cite this Article Raghavendra Patidar, Hitesh Joshi. Performance Comparison of FBG as Dispersion Compensator with different Apodization in an optical fiber link. Trends in Opto-Electro & Optical Communications . 2018; 8(2): 6–12p.
Synthesis and evaluation of demulsifiers with polyethyleneimine as accepter for treating crude oil emulsions (2015)

Demulsifiers provide an important means of breaking water‐in‐crude oil, which are formed during crude oil exploitation. In present work, twenty polyether copolymers based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) were synthesized. The interfacial properties of the PEI polyethers at the water‐crude oil interface were described by interfacial tension (IFT) and interfacial dilational modulus. The effects of position isomerism, size of intermediate and ratio of ethylene oxide (EO)/propylene oxide (PO) on the demulsification efficiency of these polyethers were studied. The results show that different positions of the EO and PO in copolymers lead to huge difference in both interfacial properties and demulsification performance. Polymers with hydrophilic core and hydrophobic tails (Ex‐mn series) are not efficient on demulsification of water‐in‐oil emulsion whereas polymers with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic tails (Px‐mn series) are. Meanwhile, Px‐mn series show higher IFT and lower interfacial dilational modulus than Ex‐mn series. In the same series, the IFT and interfacial dilational modulus decrease with decreasing EO/PO ratio. In the series with best demulsification performance (P199‐mn series), 60 min water removal rates of the polymers increase with decreasing EO/PO ratio at 65°C. In other words, the longer the hydrophobic blocks of polymers, the stronger the demulsification capacity. The effect of concentration of demulsifier on the demulsification efficiency was also investigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Discrete Fracture Model Applicable for General Purpose Reservoir Simulators (2003)

Abstract A simplified discrete fracture model suitable for use with general purpose reservoir simulators is presented. The model handles both two and three-dimensional systems and includes fracture-fracture, matrix-fracture and matrix-matrix connections. The formulation applies an unstructured control volume finite difference technique with a two-point flux approximation. The implementation is generally compatible with any simulator that represents grid connections via a connectivity list. A specialized treatment based on a "star-delta" transformation is introduced to eliminate control volumes at fracture intersections. These control volumes would otherwise act to reduce numerical stability and time step size. The performance of the method is demonstrated for several example cases including a simple two-dimensional system, a more complex three-dimensional fracture network, and a model of a strike-slip fault zone. The discrete fracture model is shown to provide results in close agreement with those of a reference finite difference simulator in cases where direct comparisons are possible.
Study on shape-memory behavior of polyether-based polyurethanes. I. Influence of the hard-segment content (1998)

Shape-memory polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and poly(tetramethyl oxide)glycol (PTMO). The morphology of PUs was studied using DSC, DMA, and TEM. The results indicated that the PUs would show different morphology by changing the mol ratio of MDI and BD (hard segment). The specimens would show the shape-memory behavior that was fixing and recovering the deformation at different operating temperature ranges. These results demonstrated that the shape-memory behavior of the PUs would be affected by the morphology and the modulus ratio that was defined as in DMA analysis. The amount of the hard-segment-rich phase would affect the ratio of recovery, that is, the low content would lead to the recovery of the deformed specimen being incomplete. The recovering rate would be influenced by the modulus ratio and the size of the dispersed phase in the micromorphology. On the other hand, the shape-memory behavior of PUs could be enhanced by the training process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1563–1574, 1998
Equilibrium-Stage Separation Operations in Chemical Engineering (1981)

Separation Processes. Equipment for Multiphase Contracting. Thermodynamic Equilibrium Diagrams. Phase Equilibria from Equations of State. Equilibrium Properties from Activity Coefficient Correlations. Specification of Design Variables. Equilibrium Flash Vaporization and Partial Condensation. Graphical Multistage Calculations by the McCabe-Thiele Method. Batch Distillation. Graphical Multistage Calculations by the Ponchon-Savarit Method. Extraction Calculations by Triangular Diagrams. Approximate Methods for Multicomponent, Multistage Separations. Stage Capacity and Efficiency. Synthesis of Separation Sequences. Rigorous Methods for Multicomponent, Multistage Separations. Continuous Differential Contacting Operations: Gas Absorption. Energy Conservation and Thermodynamic Efficiency. Appendixes. Index.
Disclosing accommodation needs: exploring experiences of higher education students with disabilities (2019)

Despite increased access, students with disabilities in higher education face barriers and report greater dissatisfaction than peers without disabilities [Mullins and Preyde 2013; Strnadová, Hájková, and Květoňová 2015]. Many U.S. institutions require students to present faculty with documentation prior to receiving academic accommodations; qualitative research indicates that this process of disclosing and requesting accommodations is uncomfortable. The current study sought to identify specific areas of discomfort associated with the accommodation request process and to identify individual differences related to apparentness of condition. One-hundred and fifty-five students from 2 universities responded to a survey addressing disclosing, requesting and using accommodations. Survey results indicated that participants lacked opportunities to privately disclose to faculty and revealed a significant relationship between lack of private disclosure opportunities and increased discomfort. Participants also reported discomfort and disrespectful treatment when disclosing to peers, echoing previous research and underscoring the need for private disclosure opportunities. Students with mental health related nonapparent disabilities reported significantly higher discomfort when disclosing and more negative peer interactions than students with apparent conditions or nonapparent learning difficulties. Findings highlight barriers present in systems that require students to present accommodation documentation and emphasise the role of peers in fostering inclusive environments.
Introduction à la diffraction inverse en acoustique et élasticité (2006)

ISBN 2-7462-1450-4 & 2-7462-1363-X
*O-34: Cost-effectiveness of Ethanol Lock Prophylaxis to Prevent Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections in Children with Intestinal Failure in the United States (2021)

Introduction: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in children with intestinal failure. Ethanol lock prophylaxis greatly reduces CLABSI frequency with minimal reported side effects. However, in the United States, a recently approved orphan drug designation for dehydrated alcohol has greatly increased the cost of 70% ethanol from an estimated $10/day to $1000/day. We examined the cost-effectiveness of ethanol lock prophylaxis in relation to these significant changes. Methods: A previously developed Markov model of intestinal failure was simulated over 1 year. Costs were measured in 2020 US dollars and effectiveness in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between treatments. Secondary outcomes include CLABSI frequency. Model parameters were based on the previously published model. CLABSI rate with and without ethanol lock prophylaxis was estimated from the largest available comparative observational study in the literature. Sensitivity analyses on all model parameters were performed. Discounting was applied at 3% per year for costs and QALYs. Results: In the base model, children with intestinal failure not using ethanol lock therapy accumulated $131,815 in costs and 0.32 QALYs per patient. Using ethanol locks cost $437,884 and accumulated 0.33 QALYs per patient, or nearly $18 million/QALY gained compared to no locks. Ethanol locks resulted in a 40% reduction in CLABSI frequency. Ethanol lock prophylaxis became cost-effective at $68/day and cost-saving at $63/day. Sensitivity analysis identified no plausible variation of other parameters to reach the benchmark of $100,000/QALY gained. On probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 90% of iterations favored no ethanol locks at $100,000/QALY. Conclusions: At the current price, ethanol lock therapy is not cost-effective for CLABSI prevention in children with intestinal failure in the United States. However, its cost prior to the recent orphan drug designation made it an economically reasonable choice. This study highlights the critical need for the approval of an affordable lock therapy option to prevent CLABSIs in these children.
Surrogate Satellite Applications and Survivability (1984)

The Tactical Satellite Communications System (TACSATCOM) established by the DOD will provide enhanced communications for US Army Ground Mobile Forces (GMF) and other services. However, in a crisis situation or during intense combat, increased communications will limit the number of users of TACSATCOM channels aboard DOD satellites to only those having top mission priority. Additionally, usage of the GMF equipment will be limited when the satellite failure occurs. The concept of launching an airborne short-time surrogate has been studied. The SHF surrogate satellite channel and the factors which were found to impact significantly on its cost-effectiveness were studied. Slight modifications to the GMFSATCOM terminals are shown to be necessary.
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Are More Frequent in Pregnancies With a Low Fetal Fraction Result on Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (2016)

(Abstracted from Prenatal Diagnosis 2016;36:210–215) Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) via cell-free DNA is commonly used among high-risk patients to screen for the most common aneuploidies during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess risk of an adverse perinatal outcome for women who have low fetal fraction (LFF) result on NIPT.
A Facile Synthesis of b-Lactams by the Cyclization of b-Amino Acids Exploiting 3,3'-(Phenylphosphoryl)-bis(1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione) (1996)

3,3'-(Phenylphosphoryl)-bis(l,3-thiazolidine-2-thione) (5).obtained from phenylphosphonic dichloride (7) and sodium salt of 1.3-thiazolidi~ie-2-thione (6).proved to be useful for inaamolecular dehydration of various p-amino acids to give the corresponding p-lactams.In the formation of amide bond between a carboxylic acid and an amine, various organic phosphorus (V) compounds such as diphenylphosphoryl azide (1),1 bis (0-nitropheny1)phenyl phosphonate (2),2 3,3'bis(2-0x0-3-oxazolidiny1)-phosphomamidic chloride (3)? and diphenyl-2hxo-3-oxawlidinyl phosphonate (4)4 have been employed as the activating reagent for carboxyl group.In a series study of achiral and chiral 1.3-thiazolidine-2-thiones, we developed a dehydrating condensation reagent, 3.3'-(phenylphosphoryl)-bis(l,3-thiazolidine-2-thione) (PPTT) (5) which was useful not only for carboxylic amide formation (eq. 1) but also 1.3-thiazolidine-2-thione amide formation (eq. 2).5,6PPIT (5) was also efficiently exploited for the amide bond formation in the total synthesis of parabactin, a spermidine siderophore.MAlthough the hiphenylphosphine-dipyridyl disulfide reagents system proved fa
A 12MHz Switched-Capacitor Relaxation Oscillator with a Nearly Minimal FoM of -161dBc/Hz (2008)

Abstract — In this work the phase noise performance of relaxation oscillators has been analyzed resulting in simple though precise phase noise expressions. These expressions have lead to a new relaxation oscillator topology, which exploits a noise filtering technique implemented with a switched-capacitor circuit to minimize phase noise. Measurements on a 65nm CMOS design show a sawtooth waveform, a frequency tuning range between 1 and 12MHz and a rather constant frequency tuning gain. At 12MHz oscillation frequency it consumes 90μW while the phase noise is-109dBc/Hz at 100KHz offset frequency. By minimizing and balancing noise contributions of charge and discharge mechanisms, a nearly minimal FoM of-161dBc/Hz has been achieved, which is a 6dB improvement over state-of-the-art. Index Terms — figure of merit, phase noise, relaxation oscillators, thermodynamics I.
Optimum amplitude- and frequency-modulation in anoptical communication system based on dispersionsupported transmission (1995)

It is shown theoretically that the presence of amplitude modulation is necessary for optimum performance of a dispersion supported transmission system. For 10 Gbit/s nonregenerated transmission at λ = 1.55 µm over more than 300 km standard singlemode fibre, an amplitude modulation index of 0.5 compared to 0.01 is expected to increase the receiver sensitivity by 7 – 14 dB.
Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Incisional Wound Healing in an Experimental Diabetic Rat Model (1999)

The exact nature of poor wound healing in diabetes is uncertain. Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense mechanism, and it is suggested that impaired neutrophil functions cause healing difficulties with or without infections in diabetic patients. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is used clinically when given systematically to increase the circulating neutrophils, but its wound-healing effects have not been systematically studied. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of GM-CSF on incisional wound healing in an experimental diabetic rat model. Forty rats were randomly divided into three groups, group I receiving saline as control, diabetes-induced group II receiving saline and diabetes-induced group III receiving GM-CSF. The anesthetized rats in all groups were wounded 21 days after diabetes induction by streptozotocin. Blood neutrophil counts and neutrophil fractions were also determined three days after wounding. Tensile strengths of wounded skin and the hydroxyproline (hyp) level of the wound were determined and wound healing processes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy, fourteen days after wounding. Neutrophil counts and phagocytosis were significantly increased in group III and neutrophil counts decreased in group II (p < 0.05). Although the hydroxyproline level of wound tissue significantly decreased in group II as compared with group III (p < 0.05), there was no differences of tensile strength between group II and III (p < 0.05). Wound score in group II was less than that in groups I and III (p < 0.05). It is concluded that PMN may have a role in modulating wound healing. GM-CSF may be useful for creating better wound healing healing. GM-CSF may be useful for creating better wound healing in risky patients such as diabetics.
Aggregation and Host–Guest Interactions in Dansyl-Substituted Poly(acrylate)s in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin and a β-Cyclodextrin Dimer in Aqueous Solution: A UV–Vis, Fluorescence, 1H NMR, and Rheological Study (2011)

A UV–vis, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence 2D 1H NOESY NMR spectroscopic and rheological study of new poly(acrylate)s 3% randomly substituted with either N-(2-aminoethyl)-, N-(6-aminohexyl)-, or N-(12-aminododecyl)-5-dansyl-sulfonamide to give the substituted polymers PAADSen, PAADShn, and PAADSddn, respectively, is reported. Their dansyl substituent aggregation and complexation by β-cyclodextrin, βCD, and its covalently linked dimer N,N′-bis(6A-deoxy-6A-β-cyclodextrin)urea, 66βCD2ur, is also reported. The βCD complexation of the dansyl substituents is characterized by apparent complexation constants, K = 89, 105, and 55 dm3 mol–1 for PAADSen, PAADShn, and PAADSddn, respectively, and the analogous complexations by 66βCD2ur are characterized by K = 3.04 × 103, 3.42 × 104, and 2.42 × 105 dm3 mol–1 at pH 7.0 in aqueous 0.10 mol dm–3 NaCl at 298.2 K. Under the same conditions the dansyl substituent shows three fluorescence decay constants assigned to the aggregated (τ1 = 2.2, 2.5, and 3.2 ns), single (τ2 = 5.0, 5.3, and 9.5 ns), βCD (τ3 = 13.2, 11.7 ns, and undetected), and 66βCD2ur complexed dansyl substituent states (τ3 = 13.9, 20.8, and 19.3 ns) where the values in each data set correspond to PAADSen, PAADShn, and PAAddn solutions, respectively. 2D 1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy provides additional insight into dansyl substituent complexation by βCD and 66βCD2ur, as do rheological studies. These data are interpreted in terms of the factors affecting dansyl substituent fluorescence quenching and the impact of tether length on dansyl substituent aggregation, complexation, and network formation.
Synthesis of polycyclic lactam and lactone ethers by intramolecular Reformatskii reactions. A model for construction of the daphnilactone A ring system (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polycyclic lactam and lactone ethers by intramolecular Reformatskii reactions. A model for construction of the daphnilactone A ring systemRoger B. Ruggeri and Clayton H. HeathcockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 26, 5745–5746Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00235a020Request reuse permissionsArticle Views707Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (234 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Living Radical Polymerizations with Germanium, Tin, and Phosphorus Catalysts − Reversible Chain Transfer Catalyzed Polymerizations (RTCPs) (2007)

A novel class of living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts were developed. The polymerizations are based on a new reversible activation mechanism, Reversible chain Transfer (RT) catalysis. Low-polydispersity (M(w)/M(n) approximately 1.1-1.3) polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(glycidyl methacrylate), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with predicted molecular weight were obtained with fairly high conversion in a fairly short time. The pseudo-first-order activation rate constant kact for the styrene/GeI4 (catalyst) system was large enough, even with a small amount of GeI4, explaining why the system provides low-polydispersity polymers from an early stage of polymerization. The retardation in the polymerization rate observed for the styrene/GeI4 system was kinetically proven to be mainly due to the cross-termination between the propagating radical with GeI3*. Attractive features of the germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts include their high reactivity hence small amounts (1-10 mM) being required under relatively mild conditions (at 60-100 degrees C), high solubility in organic media without ligands, insensitivity to air hence sample preparation being allowed in the air, and minor color and smell. The germanium and phosphorus catalysts may also be attractive for their low toxicity. The phosphorus catalysts may also be attractive for their low cost.
Hysteroscopic Treatment of Submucous Myomas (2006)

Submucous myomas can cause heavy bleeding, pain, and infertility. Sonohysterography and office hysteroscopy can provide accurate diagnosis. Classification systems have been developed to help predict the difficulty of resection. Patient selection and proper surgical technique are essential to achieve good results and reduce the risk of complications. Hysteroscopic treatment can in many cases provide excellent results and eliminate the need for major surgery.
Genetic Hemochromatosis, a Celtic Disease: Is It Now Time for Population Screening? (2001)

In populations of northern European ancestry, hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is tightly linked to mutations within the hemochromatosis gene (HFE gene). Over 93% of Irish HH patients are homozygous for the HFE gene C282Y mutation, providing a reliable diagnostic marker of the disease in this population. However, the prevalence of the C282Y mutation and that of the second HFE gene mutation, H63D, have yet to be determined within the Irish population. The objective of this study was to identify the true prevalence of the genetic form of HH in the Irish population. DNA was extracted from 1002 randomly selected newborn screening cards and analyzed for the C282Y and H63D mutations within the HFE gene. Complete results were obtained from 800 cards. Mutations were identified in 364 (46%) neonates. Eight (1%) neonates were homozygous for C282Y and 8 (1%) were homozygous for H63D. One hundred and fifty-five (19%) neonates were C282Y heterozygous and 226 (28%) were H63D heterozygous. Of these, 33 (4%) carried one copy of both C282Y and H63D mutations, i.e., compound heterozygous. Allele frequencies for C282Y and H63D were 11% and 15%, respectively. The high C282Y allele frequency in the Irish population together with its close linkage to HH indicate that C282Y genotyping is the preferred screening strategy for this disease in Ireland.
Novel inactivating mutations in the GH secretagogue receptor gene in patients with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (2011)

This is the first report of GHSR mutations in patients with CDGP. Our data raise the intriguing possibility that abnormalities in ghrelin receptor function may influence the phenotype of individuals with CDGP.