gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Masses and Malformations of the Third Ventricle: Normal Anatomic Relationships and Differential Diagnoses (2011)

The third ventricle lies in the center of the brain. It is surrounded by critical nuclear structures (the hypothalamus and thalami) and important glandular structures (the pituitary and pineal glands). Although a wide array of pathologic processes may involve the third ventricle, most are extrinsic masses. By understanding the anatomic boundaries of the third ventricle and its relationship to adjacent structures, it is possible to create short lists of differential diagnoses. Third ventricle masses can be classified as arising in or immediately adjacent to one of five locations: anterior, posterior, inferior, foramen of Monro, and intraventricular. Anterior masses involve the optic and infundibular recesses, posterior masses affect or arise in the posterior commissure and pineal gland, and inferior masses involve or affect the ventricle floor. Masses may also arise at or adjacent to the foramen of Monro or entirely within the third ventricle. Of the intraventricular masses, chordoid glioma—a rare low-grade primary neoplasm—is unique to the third ventricle. Congenital malformations of the third ventricle are uncommon and are most often noted during childhood. Most commonly, these anomalies represent malformations of the neurohypophysis, which may manifest as hormonal abnormalities, or stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, which manifests as dilatation of the third and lateral ventricles (hydrocephalus). © RSNA, 2011
Enhancing gene delivery of adeno-associated viruses by cell-permeable peptides (2014)

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) is considered a promising gene delivery vector and has been extensively applied in several disease models; however, inefficient transduction in various cells and tissues has limited its widespread application in many areas of gene therapy. In this study, we have developed a general, but efficient, strategy to enhance viral transduction, both in vitro and in vivo, by incubating viral particles with cell-permeable peptides (CPPs). We show that CPPs increase internalization of viral particles into cells by facilitating both energy-independent and energy-dependent endocytosis. Moreover, CPPs can significantly enhance the endosomal escape process of viral particles, thus enhancing viral transduction to those cells that have exhibited very low permissiveness to AAV2 infection as a result of impaired intracellular viral processing. We also demonstrated that this approach could be applicable to other AAV serotypes. Thus, the membrane-penetrating ability of CPPs enables us to generate an efficient method for enhanced gene delivery of AAV vectors, potentially facilitating its applicability to human gene therapy.
The NOMEGA gene required for female gametophyte development encodes the putative APC6/CDC16 component of the Anaphase Promoting Complex in Arabidopsis (2003)

Development of the female gametophyte involves several rounds of nuclear divisions during which nuclei are rearranged and finally cellularized to form a mature seven-celled embryo sac. During these nuclear divisions, key proteins involved in the cell cycle need to be degraded quickly in order to facilitate both the metaphase-anaphase transition stage and late anaphase. Here, we report the characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant nomega, which results in arrest of the embryo sac development at the two-nucleate stage. The NOMEGA gene product shows high homology to the APC6/cell division cycle (CDC)16 subunit of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). The phenotype of the nomega mutant is quite different from that of the hobbit mutant, which had suggested a role for the plant APC/C in auxin signalling. We show that nomega mutant embryo sacs are unable to degrade Cyclin B, an important APC/C substrate, providing further evidence of a role for the NOMEGA gene product and the plant APC/C in cell cycle progression during gametophyte development.
Soluble Cytokine Receptors: Basic Immunology and Clinical Applications (1999)

Cytokine activity is tightly regulated at multiple levels. Soluble cytokine receptors (sCR) contribute to the regulation of cytokine activity by modulating the ability of cytokines to bind their membrane receptors and generating a response. Endogenous sCR are generated by proteolytic cleavage or "shedding" of the membrane receptor and/or by translation from alternatively spliced messages different from those encoding the membrane forms. The resulting soluble receptors retain their ligand-binding ability and with some exceptions act as competitive inhibitors of the binding and biologic activity of their ligand, both in vitro and in vivo. However, sCR can also have certain effects on cytokines, such as structural stabilization, protection from proteolysis, and prolonged in vivo half-life, which are consistent with an added role as carrier proteins, and which may under some conditions result in potentiation of cytokine activity in vivo. The exact contribution of endogenous sCR to the regulation of immune or inflammatory responses has not yet been established unequivocally. Nonetheless, evidence indicates that the levels of certain sCR in serum and biological fluids correlate with immunological activation and/or disease activity in a variety of clinical conditions. Hence, sCR levels may have significant value as markers in disease management and prognosis. Moreover, sCR have also shown promising potential as immunotherapeutic agents for a variety of clinical disorders, including sepsis, inflammation, and autoimmune and malignant diseases.
In Vitro Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activities of New Rifamycin Derivatives, KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 (1999)

The new rifamycin derivatives KRM-1657 and KRM-1648 were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against 44 strains of Helicobacter pylori. Although the drugs were not very active against other gram-negative bacteria, the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited for these drugs were lower (0.002 and 0.008 microgram/ml, respectively) than those of amoxicillin and rifampin for H. pylori. Time-kill studies revealed that the bactericidal activities of these agents were due to cell lysis. The results presented here indicate that these new rifamycin derivatives may be useful for the eradication of H. pylori infections.
Extent of Host Deletions Associated with Bacteriophage P2-Mediated Education (1971)

A series of independent Escherichia coli K eductants has been isolated and tested to determine the extent of their deletions. The deletions cover the P2 prophage in location H, the his operon, a suppressor of the recBC phenotype (sbcB), the gene for gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (gnd), a locus involved in cell wall synthesis (rfb), and in some cases all or part of genes involved in methylgalactoside uptake (mglP). One end of the deletion, the P2 prophage end, appears to be the same for all eductants. The other end, however, can be located before, within, and after the mglP locus.
A small size large voltage compliance programmable current for biomedical implantable microstimulators (2004)

A new CMOS current source has been described for biomedical implantable microstimulators by utilizing MOS transistors in deep triode region as linearized voltage controlled resistors in order to achieve a large voltage compliance of up to 97% of the supply levels while maintaining high output impedance in the tens of mega-ohm range to keep the desired stimulation current levels constant within 1% of their nominal values irrespective of the site and tissue impedances. The new approach can improve stimulation efficiency, elongate power supply longevity, and save chip area especially when the stimulation current level is high. The current source has been used in a prototype 4-channel wireless stimulator chip fabricated in AMI 1.5-/spl mu/m 2M/2P standard CMOS process. With 5 V supply, each site driver channel provides at least 4.25 V compliance and 10 M/spl Omega/ output resistance while sinking up to 210 /spl mu/A and occupies 0.05 mm/sup 2/ of chip area.
Characterization of Thermal Compression Wire Bonds to Thick-Film Conductors on Porcelain Substrates (1979)

Four conductor compositions are examined for thermal compression bondability on porcelainized metal substrates. These materials, Thick Film Systems (TFS) 3045 Au, 3106 Pt-Au, 3535 Pt-Pd-Ag, and 3408 Pd-Ag, were evaluated on Alphamet® substrates. The study includes conductors printed on the substrate enamel and on substrates previously printed and fired with the Thick Film Systems 1129 RCB dielectric. Polished cross sections of the TFS 3045 Au conductor on both the enamel and the dielectric are examined with an optical microscope and electron microprobe. Thermal compression bonds are made to each of the four metallizations printed on both the enamel and the dielectric. Pull strengths are measured initially and after storage for 1000 h at 150°C. The effect of storage on electrical performance is also examined. The results obtained show initial mean bond strengths between 5.66 and 6.18 g and between 5.59 and 6.22 g after storage. The change in resistance due to high-temperature storage ranges from -2.4 to +2.2 percent for the various metallization-print surface com- binations.
Optically tunable dispersion compensators based on semiconductor Gires-Tournois interferometer (2004)

We present here a Gires-Tournois interferometer type of device, where the group delay depends on the absorption changes in the active layer. The intensity-dependent absorption in MQW material was employed to control GTI reflectivity and, consequently, the device dispersion.
Correlation of Change in Uterine Activity to Blood Loss in theThird Stage of Labour (1998)

In 47 women, the change in the uterine activity after the administration of a uterotonic agent was correlated with the amount of blood loss during the same period of time. Uterine activity was measured by a Gaeltec catheter-tipped pressure transducer inserted transcervically within 5 min of delivery of the placenta. A uterotonic agent (either intravenous syntocinon, intramuscular syntometrine or oral misoprostol) was given after the insertion of the intrauterine pressure catheter and pressure recorded for another 90 min. Blood loss over the same 2-hour period was collected with absorbent paper which was then assessed by colorimetric measurement of the haemoglobin content in the sample. Our results show that the change in uterine activity is associated with the total blood loss. However, there is a poor linear correlation between the two variables probably because of the biological variation in myometrial activity and differences in coagulation mechanisms in normal women.
Comparison of reg I and reg III Levels During Acute Pancreatitis in the Rat (2000)

After induction of pancreatitis, serum levels of reg I and III protein differ significantly. Reg III/PAP levels are a sensitive marker of pancreatic injury and early in the disease may be a useful prognostic indicator for disease severity.
Output characteristics of explosively-driven ferromagnetic generators (2001)

Summary form only given. To investigate output characteristics of explosively-driven ferromagnetic generators, experiments were performed while changing their design features. A NdFeB magnet of about 1 Tesla was impacted by using a cone-shaped aluminum flyer plate at about 3 mm//spl mu/s, and output from a coil surrounding the magnet was measured. The number of turns of the coil was varied from 25 to 39, and the coil inductance from 4.6 to 10.2 /spl mu/H, accordingly. When a load of the same inductance with the coil, the maximum current was measured to be 238 and 165 A, respectively. The maximum energy transferred to the coil was about 0.3 J, equivalent to about 3% of the magnetic energy. We plan to perform more experiments and correlate the experimental results with one/two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations.
Optimal energy assignment for frequency selective fading channels (2002)

This paper describes a method to minimize the total energy necessary to communicate data over a frequency selective fading channel using multicarrier data transmission. The energy is minimized given a desired average bit error rate at a fixed gross bit rate. For a number of configurations, the optimal energy distribution is calculated analytically. For other configurations, we present a generic numerical approach. To evaluate the performance, a comparison is made with two other commonly used energy assignment schemes. The advantage of this scheme is most apparent when the channel suffers from deep fades, as is the case in mobile wireless communications.
A New Solution for the Inverse Kinematics of Concentric-Tube Robots (2018)

The continuum tubular robots (CTRs) have shown its superiority in minimally invasive medical procedures. In general, concentric tubes are consist of super-elastic nickel-titanium alloy, they can show different shapes when they extend and rotate with each other. Due to the small diameter and high degree of dexterity, CTR can perform well in complex and limited environments. However, the calculation of the inverse kinematics of concentric tube robots is a difficult problem all the time, especially when the CTRs tubes deform constantly over time. In this paper, we present a new method based on data acquisition, which is proved to be a simple and effective method through simulation and experimental verification. For any single-arm, two-tube concentric tube robots, the corresponding list of the input parameters of CTRs driving part and the tip position of CTR is first collected. And then the inverse kinematics of concentric tube robot can be solved by the algorithm in this paper. This technique can not only deal with the deformation of CTRs, but also offer a different perspective to solve the inverse kinematics problem of concentric tube robots.
Shallow Trench Isolation Edge Effect on Random Telegraph Signal Noise and Implications for Flash Memory (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Random telegraph signal (RTS) noise is of increasing concern for sub-100-nm Flash memories. To quantitatively study the shallow trench isolation (STI) edge effect, NMOS devices with and without STI edges in the channel area are designed and analyzed. The significant impact of STI on width scaling is demonstrated and quantified. It is shown that the noise induced by STI edges dominates the RTS noise for smaller device sizes and is caused by an increase in the number of trapping sites at the STI edges. By rounding the STI corner, the number of stress-induced traps can be significantly reduced. </para>
Enhancement of antibody response to bovine herpesvirus 1 with non-specific immunostimulants. (1996)

Stimulatory effects of aluminium hydroxide, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), muramyldipeptide (MDP), and empty liposomes on the antigenicity of inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 were tested in mice. Compared with the standard effect of aluminium hydroxide, stronger antibody responses were observed in mice treated with empty liposomes or LPS alone, or a combination thereof. The strongest antibody response was recorded in mice treated with a combination of inactivated BHV-1, MDP and empty liposomes.
Exposure to formaldehyde and phenol during an anatomy dissecting course: sensitizing potency of formaldehyde in medical students (2000)

Formaldehyde exposure during dissecting may induce specific IgE, but not IgG, against formaldehyde-albumin. Sensitization did not correlate with symptoms.
Optimizing colormaps with consideration for color vision deficiency to enable accurate interpretation of scientific data (2018)

Color vision deficiency (CVD) affects more than 4% of the population and leads to a different visual perception of colors. Though this has been known for decades, colormaps with many colors across the visual spectra are often used to represent data, leading to the potential for misinterpretation or difficulty with interpretation by someone with this deficiency. Until the creation of the module presented here, there were no colormaps mathematically optimized for CVD using modern color appearance models. While there have been some attempts to make aesthetically pleasing or subjectively tolerable colormaps for those with CVD, our goal was to make optimized colormaps for the most accurate perception of scientific data by as many viewers as possible. We developed a Python module, cmaputil, to create CVD-optimized colormaps, which imports colormaps and modifies them to be perceptually uniform in CVD-safe colorspace while linearizing and maximizing the brightness range. The module is made available to the science community to enable others to easily create their own CVD-optimized colormaps. Here, we present an example CVD-optimized colormap created with this module that is optimized for viewing by those without a CVD as well as those with red-green colorblindness. This colormap, cividis, enables nearly-identical visual-data interpretation to both groups, is perceptually uniform in hue and brightness, and increases in brightness linearly.
N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Subclinical Brain Damage in the General Population (2016)

Purpose To investigate the association between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which is a marker of heart disease, and markers of subclinical brain damage on magnetic resonance (MR) images in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly subjects without dementia and without a clinical diagnosis of heart disease. Materials and Methods This prospective population-based cohort study was approved by a medical ethics committee overseen by the national government, and all participants gave written informed consent. Serum levels of NT-proBNP were measured in 2397 participants without dementia or stroke (mean age, 56.6 years; age range, 45.7-87.3 years) and without clinical diagnosis of heart disease who were drawn from the population-based Rotterdam Study. All participants were examined with a 1.5-T MR imager. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between NT-proBNP level and MR imaging markers of subclinical brain damage, including volumetric, focal, and microstructural markers. Results A higher NT-proBNP level was associated with smaller total brain volume (mean difference in z score per standard deviation increase in NT-proBNP level, -0.021; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.034, -0.007; P = .003) and was predominantly driven by gray matter volume (mean difference in z score per standard deviation increase in NT-proBNP level, -0.037; 95% CI: -0.057, -0.017; P < .001). Higher NT-proBNP level was associated with larger white matter lesion volume (mean difference in z score per standard deviation increase in NT-proBNP level, 0.090; 95% CI: 0.051, 0.129; P < .001), with lower fractional anisotropy (mean difference in z score per standard deviation increase in NT-proBNP level, -0.048; 95% CI: -0.088, -0.008; P = .019) and higher mean diffusivity (mean difference in z score per standard deviation increase in NT-proBNP level, 0.054; 95% CI: 0.018, 0.091; P = .004) of normal-appearing white matter. Conclusion In community-dwelling persons, higher serum NT-proBNP levels are associated with volumetric and microstructural MR imaging markers of subclinical brain damage. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Ecosystem Functions of Microbial Consortia in Sustainable Agriculture (2020)

Knowledge of the agricultural soil microbiota, of the microbial consortia that comprise it, and the promotion of agricultural practices that maintain and encourage them, is a promising way to improve soil quality for sustainable agriculture and to provide food security. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of beneficial soil microorganisms on crop yields and quality, the use of microbial consortia in agriculture remains low. Microbial consortia have more properties than an individual microbial inoculum, due to the synergy of the microorganisms that make them up. This review describes the main characteristics, ecosystem functions, crop benefits and biotechnological applications of microbial consortia composed of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria and actinobacteria, to promote the restoration of agricultural soils and, consequently, the quality and health of agricultural crops. The aim is to provide knowledge that will contribute to the development of sustainable and sufficiently productive agriculture, which will adapt in a good way to the pace of the growing human population and to climate change.
EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD INDICATORS AND CYTOGENETIC INDICATORS USING COPPER(I) COMPLEXESFOR B (2020)

Basing on the survival results, average life expectancy, cytogenetic and hematological indicators, it can be concluded that studied complex PTA demonstrate noticeable healing properties. In the early stages of analyzes (days 3 and 7), both compounds mitigate the damaging effects of burn injury, but in the last periods of observation (days 14 and 30), the group with PTA injection has many test values: (blood counts) approached normal values. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the studied Cu-1 complexes effectively promote reparative processes in bone marrow cells and has a therapeutic effect on thermal burns (especially PTA). The results of this yet preliminary research require continuation and search for new effective means for treating burn surfaces.
[Alkaline phosphatase in Drosophila melanogaster strains differing in male mating activity and their F1 hybrids]. (1998)

The activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) was studied in adults of highly active (HA) and low active (LA) Drosophila melanogaster strains and their F1 hybrids, both under normal conditions and after a heat shock (38 degrees C). Under normal conditions, the HA strain expressed a higher AP activity compared to that in the wild-type strain Canton-S and dominated in respect to this character. The AP activity showed a sexual dimorphism, as it was higher in females of both strains. Heat shock (38 degrees C) induced no alterations in the AP activity of D. melanogaster.
Defect Detection and Burst Erasure Correction for TDMR (2016)

Media defects are common in magnetic recording, resulting in the bursts of erasures. The use of error correcting codes can be aided by a defect detector for indicating the location of erasures. In this paper, we propose a model to study 2-D media defects that can occur in 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR). We also propose a novel defect identification and detection algorithm to identify the location of defects by the magnitude thresholding of the readback samples and identifying defective data patterns at the output of a 2-D signal detector. The defect detector identifies a 2-D edge-connected region of defects for burst erasure correction. Using simulations, we show that the defect detector can be designed to identify the location of 2-D defects with >90% accuracy for deep defects. The effect of the defect detector in TDMR is studied over a Voronoi-based media model where low density parity check (LDPC) codes are used for error correction. The defect detector is observed to achieve >2 dB gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a 38×38 burst erasure. We also study simple interleaving schemes for LDPC codes that give a further gain of >0.3 dB in SNR and can correct 76×76 and larger burst erasures.
Detection of bile duct cancer by autofluorescence cholangioscopy: a pilot study. (1999)

In previous reports on the gastrointestinal tract and bronchial tree, cancerous lesions appeared dark red when examined by autofluorescence endoscopy. In our study, it is suggested that a white fluorescence is also an important finding for making diagnosis of bile duct cancer by the autofluorescence endoscopy.