gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Analyses of melanoma-targeted oncolytic adenoviruses with tyrosinase enhancer/promoter-driven E1A, E4, or both in submerged cells and organotypic cultures (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We have generated novel conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) targeted to melanoma cells. In these adenoviruses, the E4 region (AdΔ24TyrE4) or both E1 and E4 regions (Ad2xTyr) were controlled by a synthetic tyrosinase enhancer/promoter (Tyr2E/P) specific for melanocytes. The properties of these CRAds were compared with wild-type adenovirus (Adwt) and our previous CRAd with a targeted E1A CRII mutation (AdTyrΔ24) in submerged cultures of melanoma cells and nonmelanoma control cells. We showed that AdΔ24TyrE4 had a cell type selectivity similar to AdTyrΔ24 but had a distinct block in viral reproduction in nonmelanoma cells and that Ad2xTyr had an augmented selectivity for melanoma cells. These viruses were additionally tested in organotypic cultures of melanoma cell lines, primary human keratinocytes (PHKs), or mixed cell populations. Unexpectedly, the CRAds exhibited somewhat different cell type selectivity profiles in these cultures relative to those observed in submerged cultures, demonstrating the importance of multiple assay systems. Specifically, AdTyrΔ24 and Ad2xTyr were selective for melanoma cells, whereas AdΔ24TyrE4 exhibited no selectivity, similar to Adwt. AdTyrΔ24 and Ad2xTyr were strongly attenuated in their ability to lyse PHKs in organotypic cultures. Furthermore, Ad2xTyr had a superior melanoma selectivity in organotypic cultures of cocultivated melanoma cells and PHKs. The enhanced selectivity for melanoma cells exhibited by Ad2xTyr provides a window of opportunity for therapeutic application. These studies also demonstrate that organotypic cultures derived from mixtures of tumor and normal cells represent a promising new model for analysis of CRAd specificity and toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery ( NOTES ): where are we going? A bibliometric assessment (2012)

The aim of this study was to analyse natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)-related publications over the last 5 years. A systematic literature search was done to retrieve publications related to NOTES from 2006 to 2011. The following variables were recorded: year of publication; article type; study design; setting; Journal Citation Reports® journal category; authors area of surgical speciality; geographic area of origin; surgical procedure; NOTES technique; NOTES access route; number of clinical cases. A time-trend analysis was performed by comparing early (2006-2008) and late (2009-2011) study periods. Overall, 644 publications were included in the analysis and most papers were found in general surgery journals (50.9%). Studies were most frequently clinical series (43.9%) and animal experimental (48%), with the articles focusing primarily on cholecystectomy, access creation and closure, and peritoneoscopy. Pure NOTES techniques were performed in most of the published reports (85%) with the remaining cases being hybrid NOTES (7.4%) and NOTES-assisted procedures (6.1%). The access routes included transgastric (52.5%), transcolonic (12.3%), transvesical (12.5%), transvaginal (10.5%), and combined (12.3%). From the early to the late period, there was a significant increase in the number of randomised controlled trials (5.6% vs 7.2%) or non-randomised but comparative studies (5.6% vs 22.9%) (P < 0.001) and there was also a significant increase in the number of colorectal procedures and nephrectomies (P = 0.002). Pure NOTES remained the most studied approach over the years but with increased investigation in the field of NOTES-assisted techniques (P = 0.001). There was also a significant increase in the adoption of transvesical access (7% vs 15.6%) (P = 0.007). NOTES is in a developmental stage and much work is still needed to refine techniques, verify safety and document efficacy. Since the first description of the concept of NOTES, >2000 clinical cases, irrespective of specialty, have been reported. NOTES remains a field of intense clinical and experimental research in various surgical specialities.
Outcomes of patients with histologically proven acute acalculous cholecystitis (2012)

AAC more commonly occurs in older patients and those with COAD. The operative outcomes and complications of AAC treated by cholecystectomy are similar to cases of acute calculous cholecystitis.
The position control of induction motors using a binary disturbance observer (2000)

A control approach for the robust position control of an induction motor based on the binary disturbance observer is described. The binary controller with the binary disturbance observer is implemented for the position control of the induction machine subjected to load disturbances and realizes continuous control. The binary disturbance observer is used to eliminate the chattering problem of a sliding mode disturbance observer. In order to eliminate the steady-state error, the binary disturbance observer with an integral augmented switching hyperplane is proposed. The robustness is achieved, and continuous control is realized by employing the proposed observer without the chattering problem and the steady-state error. The effectiveness of the proposed observer is confirmed by the comparative experimental results.
Probabilistic asr feature extraction applying context-sensitive connectionist temporal classification networks (2013)

This paper proposes a novel automatic speech recognition (ASR) front-end that unites the principles of bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM), Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), and Bottleneck (BN) feature generation. BLSTM networks are known to produce better probabilistic ASR features than conventional multilayer perceptrons since they are able to exploit a self-learned amount of temporal context for phoneme estimation. Combining BLSTM networks with a CTC output layer implies the advantage that the network can be trained on unsegmented data so that the quality of phoneme prediction does not rely on potentially error-prone forced alignment segmentations of the training set. In challenging ASR scenarios involving highly spontaneous, disfluent, and noisy speech, our BN-CTC front-end leads to remarkable word accuracy improvements and prevails over a series of previously introduced BLSTM-based ASR systems.
A New, Low Corrosive Fluid to Stimulate Deep Wells Completed With Cr-based Alloys (2012)

Abstract Acid treatments of deep wells completed with Cr-based tubulars represent a real challenge to the oil industry. On one hand, Cr-based tubulars are used to protect against CO2 corrosion, but on the other hand, the protective layer (Cr2O3) dissolves in hydrochloric acid (HCl)- a common stimulation fluid. This fact makes protection of Cr tubulars during acidizing very challenging, especially at high temperatures. At temperatures above 200°F, there is a need to add an intensifier. Most of them depend on heavy elements (Cu, Sb), or are not effective above 300°F (e.g., KI). Over the last decade, we developed a new chelate, glutamic acid N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) that can dissolve carbonate minerals from carbonate and sandstone formations. This chelate can form worm holes in carbonates (both calcite and dolomite) and does not destabilize clay particles. In the present paper, the corrosion rate of GLDA is compared with other chelates and simple organic acids that are used for carbonate dissolution, such as hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), acetic and formic acid. All corrosion tests were conducted at high temperatures and pressures and extended for up to 6 hour at temperature and pressure. The coupons were examined thoroughly after the tests, and the spent fluid was analyzed for key ions (Cr, Ni, Mo, Fe, and Mn). The results show that GLDA at 20 wt% gives almost no corrosion with Cr-13 up to 300°F. Unlike GLDA, HEDTA was found to be corrosive at pH=3.8 and requires attention when used in wells completed with Cr-13 based tubulars. On more corrosion resistant Cr-based metals, like super Cr-13 and Duplex the corrosion rate of GLDA is still far below the acceptable limit of 0.02 to 0.05 lbs/ft2 up to 350°F. In wells with corrosive sweet and sour gases tubular consisting of low carbon steel, Cr-based steel or corrosion resistant Cr-Ni alloys can be effectively protected by a combination of GLDA with a minimal amount of corrosion inhibitor. Due to its favorable environmental profile this mixture meets all the OSPAR requirements for use in the North Sea. Based on our results, GLDA solutions can be used to stimulate carbonate and sandstone wells completed with Cr-based tubulars, while maintaining the integrity of the tubulars.
Manga Impact: The World of Japanese Animation (2010)

An accessible, informative and fascinating journey through the world of anime and manga, their genres and styles (from the most commercial to the most cutting-edge), their roots and their creators. With a wealth of iconographic content, this book will be the reference book for anyone interested in discovering the diversity and originality of manga and anime.
Investigation of Drying of Building Materials by Single-sided NMR (2015)

Single-sided NMR devices, like NMR MOUSE (MObile Universal Surface Explorer), are designed to allow NMR surface measurements to be conducted on arbitrarily large samples, and are therefore valuable tools to evaluate non-invasively moisture content “inside” a planar object. In this work, we aim to perform “in situ” studies of moisture transport in building materials during drying experiments with NMR MOUSE. The local moisture content was monitored over time and mapped over sample thickness with a depth resolution of 0.5 mm and a maximum penetration depth of 15 mm. In addition, NMR MOUSE allows measuring transverse relaxation time T2. Experimental results show that moisture content is homogeneously distributed over the thickness, which indicates that moisture is transferred through capillary processes. Furthermore, transverse relaxation time distribution measurements revealed that the drainage of pore water occurs sequentially from larger pores to smaller pores.
Total Assignment of the 1H- and 13C-NMR Spectra for TZT-1027 and Related Compounds (2005)

The total assignment of the (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra for TZT-1027 was carried out using various NMR methods (1D, 2D NMR). It was found that TZT-1027 exists in two different conformations resulting from the cis-trans isomerization of the amide bond at N-11 and C-12 in DMSO-d(6). The (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra of compound 1 and 2 comprised of the partial structure of TZT-1027 were also assigned to be TZT-1027. These assignments showed that compound 1 is in good agreement with TZT-1027 with regard to formation of the conformers.
A growing role for hypertrophy in senescence (2012)

Numerous observations support the existence of senescence factors in yeast. Historically, the asymmetric propagation and accumulation of extra-chromosomal ribosomal DNA circles (ERCs) has been proposed to fulfill this function. On the other hand, several recent papers have re-invigorated the discussion of a potential role for cell size and/or hypertrophy in yeast senescence. While studies have revealed evidence both in favor of and against the hypertrophy model, the prevalent dogma largely discounts a potential role for cell size in the control of cellular lifespan. However, new results not only demonstrate a correlation between cell size and senescence, but allude to a causative role of cell size and hypertrophy in aging. In particular, the degree of hypertrophy, as determined by the rate of cell growth per generation, appears to function as a major determinant of cellular lifespan. Herein, in light of these new data, we examine the recent debate regarding a potential role for cell size in yeast aging, address criticisms of this model, and suggest that the balance is tipping in favor of hypertrophy having a causative role in aging, albeit not as the sole “aging factor.”
Relationship between body mass index and adiposity in prepubertal children: ethnic and geographic comparisons between New York City and Jinan City (China) (2009)

Body mass index (BMI) is often used as a surrogate estimate of percent body fat in epidemiological studies. This study tested the hypothesis that BMI is representative of body fatness independent of age, sex, ethnicity, and geographic location in prepubertal children. The study sample included a total of 605 prepubertal children (275 girls and 330 boys) of which 247 were Chinese from Jinan, Shandong, Mainland China, and 358 children were from various ethnic backgrounds in New York City (NYC): 121 Caucasians, 94 African Americans, and 143 Asians (Chinese and Korean). In this cross-sectional study, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to quantify total body fat (TBF) and percent body fat (PBF). Prepubertal status was assessed by the criteria of Tanner. Multiple regression models were developed with TBF and PBF as the dependent variables and BMI, age, sex, and ethnicity as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI alone explained 85% and 69% of between-subject variance for TBF and PBF, respectively. Sex was a significant contributor to the models (P<0.001) with girls having higher TBF and PBF than boys. Ethnicity and geographic location were significant contributors to the model (P<0.0001) with Asians (Jinan and NYC Asians) having higher PBF than all non-Asian groups (P<0.0001), and Jinan Asians having higher TBF and PBF than NYC-Asians. Among prepubertal children, for the same BMI, Asians have significantly higher PBF compared with African Americans and Caucasians. Caution is warranted when applying BMI across sex and ethnic prepubertal groups.
Complications with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) used in hospitalized patients and outpatients: a prospective cohort study (2017)

PICCs appear safe in the inpatient and outpatient settings with low rates of infectious or thrombotic complications. Occlusion and accidental withdrawal were the most common complications, with age > 65 and catheter pre-occlusive event associated with an increased likelihood of catheter occlusion.
Fracture strength of Class I versus Class II restored premolars tested at the marginal ridge. I. Standard preparations. (1990)

Two groups of maxillary premolars with Class I cavities were prepared with one marginal ridge thickness to a width of 1.0 mm. One group was restored with amalgam and the other group with composite resin. Two groups of Class II cavities also were prepared and restored with amalgam and composite resin. The teeth in the four treatment groups were subjected to a centric load at the marginal ridge until fracture occurred. A two-factor analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference between the class of preparation (Class I preparations were weaker than were Class II preparations) but differences in strength between restorative materials (composite resin versus amalgam) and the interaction effect (class of preparation x restorative materials) were not found to be statistically significant (alpha = .05). A Newman-Keuls sequential range test found no statistically significant differences in strength between groups (alpha = .05). Fracture patterns were observed under scanning electron microscope. Fractures extended into the enamel and into the material in the Class I composite resin, Class I amalgam, and Class II composite resin restorations. Fractures extended only into the material in Class II amalgam restorations.
Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO2 by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation (2019)

Abstract A high yield, low energy synthesis of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) by electrolysis of CO 2 in molten carbonate is presented. Carbon nano‐onions are a recently recognized, less studied morphology of carbon nanomaterials consisting of nested concentric carbon spheroids. Previously, a high yield growth of carbon nanotubes by CO 2 electrolysis in molten carbonate was achieved through transition metal nucleation points on the electrolysis cathode. Here, effective low energy CNO synthesis from CO 2 is achieved instead by excluding those nucleating agents from the molten carbonate growth medium resulting in a profusion of uniform CNOs, with an increasing diameter correlated to increasing growth time. CO 2 transformation to valuable materials, such as CNOs, adds value to CO 2 to incentivize consumption of this greenhouse pollutant. For example, CNOs are currently valued 20 000 times higher than coal.
247. Tertiary phosphines containing secondary alkyl radicals (1933)

W. C. Davies, J. Chem. Soc., 1933, 1043 DOI: 10.1039/JR9330001043
In vitro reconstitution of the human RISC-loading complex (2008)

Targeted gene silencing by RNAi requires the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), whose core component is the protein Argonaute (Ago) bound to a microRNA (miRNA) or an siRNA. In humans, Ago2 is loaded with miRNAs by the action of a specialized assembly called the RISC-loading complex (RLC), comprising the proteins Ago2, Dicer, and TRBP. Here we show that the human RLC assembles spontaneously in vitro from purified components. No cofactors or chaperones are required for the complex to form. The reconstituted RLC, containing one copy of each protein, has the dicing, slicing, guide-strand selection, and Ago2-loading activities observed for the endogenous RLC. Furthermore, once Ago2 is loaded with an miRNA, it tends to dissociate from the rest of the complex. These results lay the groundwork for future structural and functional dissection of RISC loading in humans.
Insulin Therapy for Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients (2004)

Background: Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill hospitalized patients, and it is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased mortality.The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of insulin therapy initiated during hospitalization on mortality in adult patients with a critical illness.Methods: An electronic search in the Englishlanguage articles of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register and a hand search of key journals and relevant review articles were performed.Randomized controlled trials that reported mortality data on critically ill hospitalized adult patients who were treated with insulin were selected.Data on patient demographics, hospital setting, intervention (formulation and dosage of insulin, delivery method, and duration of therapy), mortality outcomes, adverse events, and methodological quality were extracted.Results: Thirty-five trials met the inclusion criteria.Combining data from all trials using a random-effects model showed that insulin therapy decreases short-term mortality by 15% (relative risk [RR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.97).In subgroup analyses, insulin therapy decreased mortality in the surgical intensive care unit (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.22-0.62),when the aim of therapy was glucose control (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93),and in patients with diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.90).A near-significant trend toward decreasing mortality was seen in patients with acute myocardial infarction who did not receive reperfusion therapy (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-1.00).No randomized trials of insulin in the medical intensive care unit were identified. Conclusion:Insulin therapy initiated in the hospital in critically ill patients has a beneficial effect on shortterm mortality in different clinical settings.
0690 SYMPTOMS CONSISTENT WITH SHIFT WORK DISORDER ARE COMMON ACROSS GROUPS OF FIRST RESPONDERS (2017)

Shift work is common in first responders, ensuring that services are provided 24-hours a day. Shift work disorder (SWD) is characterized by excessive sleepiness and/or insomnia associated with shift-schedules, however these symptoms are common to many sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to examine more closely the incidence of symptoms consistent with SWD derived from a validated scale across two groups of first responders; police and firefighters. We previously evaluated SWD in groups of first responders (police and firefighters) using a modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and two iterations of a modified Athens Insomnia Scale: one based on night-shift work and one based on a recent vacation. Subsequently, in a separate sample, we identified and then cross validated self-reported symptoms of SWD that were most strongly associated with a clinical diagnosis. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence of these self-reported symptoms (i.e., waking too early, impaired sense of wellbeing, dozing at work, and likelihood of dozing while driving after at least two days off) in the original groups of first responders (n= 5833 firefighters, n= 2304 police). Approximately 80% of police and 70% of firefighters reported problems with waking up too early, 70% of police and 50% of firefighters reported a diminished sense of wellbeing during wake periods, 60% of police and 40% of firefighters reported dozing at work, and 8% of police and 10% of firefighters reported dozing while driving after at least two days off. Self-reported symptoms associated with SWD are highly prevalent across populations of first responders. Future research should evaluate whether these symptoms are associated with adverse health and safety outcomes including performance and sleepiness at work, and propensity to doze while driving after shift work. This study was supported by grants 2004-FS-BX-0001 and 2010C-10002 from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice; grants R01OH008496 and R01 OH009403 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Department of Homeland Security, and FEMA Grant EMW-2007-FP-02197. Dr Ogeil is the recipient of an NHMRC ECF (Australia) and a 2016 Australia-Harvard Fellowship.
Isolation and characterization of NgRLK1, a receptor-like kinase of Nicotiana glutinosa that interacts with the elicitin of Phytophthora capsici (2009)

Elicitins, extracellular proteins from Phytophthora fungi, elicit a hypersensitivity response (HR), including systemic acquired resistance, in some plants. The elicitin capsicein (approximately 10 kDa) was purified by FPLC from culture filtrates of P. capsici. Purified native and recombinant capsicein induced a hypersensitive response in leaves of the non-host plants Nicotiana glutinosa and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis. To search for candidate capsicein-interacting proteins from N. glutinosa, a yeast two-hybrid assay was used. We identified a protein interactor that is homologous to a serine/threonine kinase of the plant receptor-like kinase (RLK) group and designated it NgRLK1. The ORF of NgRLK1 encodes a polypeptide of 832 amino acids (93,490 Da). A conserved domain analysis revealed that NgRLK1 has structural features typical of a plant RLK. NgRLK1 was autophosphorylated, with higher activity in the presence of Mn2+ than Mg2+.