gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Modeling of 60 GHz Wireless Channel in an Underground Mine Gallery (2015)

In this work, 60 GHz radio wave propagation mea- surements at 40 m underground mine gallery and its statistical modeling are presented. Different antennas such as horn and omnidirectional with horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarizations employing 0.46 ns time resolution have been considered during the campaign. Results that vertical polarization, a higher number of multipath higher RMS (root mean square) delay spread value horizontal polarization. Statistical modeling of multipath profiles that path arrival follows the modified Poisson distribution while path amplitude satisfies mostly the Lognormal distribution.
35. Downregulation of Immune Responses Induced by Oral DNA Administration (2004)

Haemophilia B arises from mutations in the factor IX gene. Its treatment in humans, by recombinant protein substitution, is expensive thus limiting its application to intermittent treatment in bleeding episodes and prophylaxis during surgery; development of inhibitory antibodies is an associated hazard. This study demonstrates permanent therapeutic correction of this disease without development of immune reactions by introduction of HIV-based lentiviral vector encoding the human factor IX protein into the fetal circulation of immunocompetent haemophiliac and normal outbred mice. Plasma factor IX persists at therapeutic concentrations in all treated mice to date (ten months). Functional normalisation of the blood clotting has been achieved in two haemophiliac mice and significant correction in a third. In comparison, administration of an adenoviral vector encoding human factor IX resulted in transient and diminishing factor IX expression which was nearly undetectable by 8 months. Following lentiviral administration, no anti-factor IX antibodies were detected by ELISA and no cellular immunity was detected by immunohistochemical staining of macrophages, neutrophils, CD4-positive or CD8-positive cells. There was no elevation of serum liver enzymes or evidence of vector spread to the maternal circulation. No vector spread to sperm was detected by TaqMan analysis. This is the first demonstration of complete phenotypic correction of a severe genetic disease by in utero gene therapy with no evidence of toxicity.
Locking protocols for materialized aggregate join views (2005)

The maintenance of materialized aggregate join views is a well-studied problem. However, to date the published literature has largely ignored the issue of concurrency control. Clearly, immediate materialized view maintenance with transactional consistency, if enforced by generic concurrency control mechanisms, can result in low levels of concurrency and high rates of deadlock. While this problem is superficially amenable to well-known techniques, such as fine-granularity locking and special lock modes for updates that are associative and commutative, we show that these previous high concurrency locking techniques do not fully solve the problem, but a combination of a "value-based" latch pool and these previous high concurrency locking techniques can solve the problem.
A fully-integrated CMOS-MEMS audio microphone (2004)

We report on the construction of a microphone and associated electronics fabricated entirely within a standard CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) die. An A-weighted noise level of 46 dB SPL was achieved with a total diaphragm area of 0.61 mm/sup 2/. Because the microphone uses the same processing sequence as CMOS-MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) microspeakers it is now possible to create acoustic systems-on-chip for applications in such areas as hearing aids, in-ear translators, and active noise cancellation. Because electret materials are not used, the microphone can withstand temperatures up to 250/spl deg/C with no degradation in performance. The frequency-modulated output provides a convenient, low-noise way to transmit the signal off chip, and is directly compatible with digital circuitry and FM radios.
The Effects of Social Studies Class Applying Situation-Centered Role Play on Self-Expression and Self-Advocacy of Middle School Students with Intellectual Disabilities (2022)

본 연구는 상황중심 역할극을 적용한 기본 교육과정 사회과 수업이 지적장애 중학생의 자기표현과 자기옹호 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 상황중심 역할극을 적용한 실험집단과 기존의 교사 설명과 학습 활동지 수업으로 진행한 통제집단 간 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한지 비모수적 양측검정 통계기법인 Mann-Whitney U 검정으로 살펴보았다. 연구에 참여한 지적장애학생 총 26명을 각 13명씩 실험집단과 통집단에 편성하였고, 총 20회기 수업으로 진행하였다. 자기표현력 검사와 자기옹호 검사를 활용하여 실험집단과 통제집단 각각 사전-사후검사로 두 집단의 평균을 비교한 결과, 기본 교육과정 사회과 수업에 상황중심 역할극을 적용한 실험집단 학생들이 통제집단 학생들에 비해 자기표현과 자기옹호 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상을 나타냈다. 사회과 수업에 적용한 상황중심 역할극이 중학교 지적장애 학생들의 자기표현 및 자기옹호 능력 증진에 효과적이었다는 주요 결과를 바탕으로 후속 연구 및 교육 실제에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.
Broad‐Spectral‐Response Nanocarbon Bulk‐Heterojunction Excitonic Photodetectors (Adv. Mater. 25/2013) (2013)

Nano-carbon heterojunctions present great potential for nextgeneration optoelectronics. Shenqiang Ren and coworkers demonstrate on page 3433 broad spectral nano-carbon photovoltaic photodetectors with magnetic field effects. This image shows the nano-carbon bulk heterojunctions utilizing single wall carbon nanotubes and fullerene interfaced by the graphene derivatives.
A Simple Diode Parametric Amplifier Design for Use at S, C, and X Band (1967)

A simple diode parametric amplifier is described which has been designed for use at S, C, and X band frequencies. Bandwidth and noise measurements show the performance to be substantially in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Details are given of compensating circuits which improve the gain-frequency response of the amplifier by up to 5.6 times.
To the Era of Intelligent Chips and Systems (2019)

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
From Event Detection to Physical Hypothesis Learning via Automated and Autonomous Microscopy (2022)

Electron and scanning probe microscopies are by now the mainstay of areas ranging from fundamental condensed matter physics and materials science to chemistry and biology. In many cases, these imaging methods provide quantitative or semiquantitative information on materials structure and functionalities and allow for the exploration of broad range of responses to global (temperature, chemistry) and local (beam exposure, probe bias and pressure) stimuli. However, the connection between microscopy imaging, spectral data, and specific mechanisms of physical and chemical phenomena often requires extensive studies including multiple human-driven stages.
Direct writing in self-developing resists using low-power cw ultraviolet light (1985)

Direct writing of micron-sized features in self-developing photoresists is demonstrated using less than 1 mW of cw ultraviolet light at 257 nm. No energy density or intensity thresholds for ablation are observed. Ablation depth depends only on the deposited energy density and is independent of the rate of deposition; that is, the self-developing process is reciprocal. We have determined that an environment containing oxygen is necessary for complete self-developing; in the absence of O2 the process is self-limiting. Patterns created in poly(methyl methacrylate) have been faithfully reproduced into silicon substrates using reactive-ion etching.
Serum IL-17 levels are higher in critically ill patients with AKI and associated with worse outcomes (2022)

Serum IL-17A levels measured by the time of AKI diagnosis or ICU admission were differentially elevated in critically ill patients with AKI when compared to those without AKI and were independently associated with hospital mortality and MAKE.
Mammalian African trypanosome VSG coat enhances tsetse’s vector competence (2016)

Tsetse flies are biological vectors of African trypanosomes, the protozoan parasites responsible for causing human and animal trypanosomiases across sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, no vaccines are available for disease prevention due to antigenic variation of the Variant Surface Glycoproteins (VSG) that coat parasites while they reside within mammalian hosts. As a result, interference with parasite development in the tsetse vector is being explored to reduce disease transmission. A major bottleneck to infection occurs as parasites attempt to colonize tsetse's midgut. One critical factor influencing this bottleneck is the fly's peritrophic matrix (PM), a semipermeable, chitinous barrier that lines the midgut. The mechanisms that enable trypanosomes to cross this barrier are currently unknown. Here, we determined that as parasites enter the tsetse's gut, VSG molecules released from trypanosomes are internalized by cells of the cardia-the tissue responsible for producing the PM. VSG internalization results in decreased expression of a tsetse microRNA (mir-275) and interferes with the Wnt-signaling pathway and the Iroquois/IRX transcription factor family. This interference reduces the function of the PM barrier and promotes parasite colonization of the gut early in the infection process. Manipulation of the insect midgut homeostasis by the mammalian parasite coat proteins is a novel function and indicates that VSG serves a dual role in trypanosome biology-that of facilitating transmission through its mammalian host and insect vector. We detail critical steps in the course of trypanosome infection establishment that can serve as novel targets to reduce the tsetse's vector competence and disease transmission.
The Next-Generation Multimission U.S. Surveillance Radar Network (2007)

The U.S. Government operates seven distinct radar networks, providing weather and aircraft surveillance for public weather services, air traffic control, and homeland defense. In this paper, we describe a next-generation multimission phased-array radar (MPAR) concept that could provide enhanced weather and aircraft surveillance services with potentially lower life cycle costs than multiple single-function radar networks. We describe current U.S. national weather and aircraft surveillance radar networks and show that by reducing overlapping airspace coverage, MPAR could reduce the total number of radars required by approximately one-third. A key finding is that weather surveillance requirements dictate the core parameters of a multimission radar—airspace coverage, aperture size, radiated power, and angular resolution. Aircraft surveillance capability can be added to a phased array weather radar at low incremental cost because the agile, electronically steered beam would allow the radar to achieve the much more rapid scan update rates needed for aircraft volume search missions, and additionally to support track modes for individual aircraft targets. We describe an MPAR system design that includes multiple transmit–receive channels and a highly digitized active phased array to generate independently steered beam clusters for weather, aircraft volume search, and aircraft track modes. For each of these modes, we discuss surveillance capability improvements that would be realized relative to today's radars. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has initiated the development of an MPAR “preprototype” that will demonstrate critical subsystem technologies and multimission operational capabilities. Initial subsystem designs have provided a solid basis for estimating MPAR costs for comparison with existing, mechanically scanned operational surveillance radars.
A Deterministic User Optimal Traffic Assignment Model with Route Perception Characteristics of Origins and Destinations for Advanced Traveler Information System (2008)

User travel behavior is based on the existence of complete traffic information in deterministic user optimal principle by Wardrop(1952). According to deterministic user optimal principle, users choose the optimal route from origin to destination and they change their routes arbitrarily in order to minimize travel cost. In this principle, users only consider travel time as a factor to take their routes. However, user behavior is not determined by only travel time in actuality. Namely, the models that reflect only travel time as a route choice factor could give irrational travel behavior results. Therefore, the model is necessary that considers various factors including travel time, transportation networks structure and traffic information. In this research, more realistic deterministic optimal traffic assignment model is proposed in the way of route recognizance behavior. This model assumes that when users decide their routes, they consider many factors such as travel time, road condition and traffic information. In addition, route recognizance attributes is reflected in this suggested model by forward searching method and backward searching method with numerical formulas and algorithms.
Phylogenetic analysis of near-duplicate images using processing age metrics (2016)

Recent researches on image forensics have led to the design of algorithms to study the phylogenetic relationship between near-duplicate (ND) images. The proposed solutions aim at reconstructing the image phylogeny tree (IPT), and they have immediate applications in security, law and copyright enforcement, and news tracking services. Anyway, the effectiveness of such strategies strictly depends on the accuracy in characterizing image similarities. In this paper, we show that it is possible to take into account additional information to better reconstruct the IPT. More specifically, we propose a set of features that blindly model the processing age of an image, i.e., how much an image has been edited in its lifetime. By exploiting these features, it is possible to improve the performance of IPT reconstruction by increasing the accuracy and reducing the computational complexity.
DSP Implementation of the Multiscale Retinex Image Enhancement Algorithm (2004)

The Retinex is a general-purpose image enhancement algorithm that is used to produce good visual representations of scenes. It performs a non-linear spatial/ spectral transform that synthesizes strong local contrast enhancement and color constancy. A real-time, video frame rate implementation of the Retinex is required to meet the needs of various potential users. Retinex processing contains a relatively large number of complex computations, thus to achieve real-time performance using current technologies requires specialized hardware and software. In this paper we discuss the design and development of a digital signal processor (DSP) implementation of the Retinex. The target processor is a Texas Instruments TMS320C6711 floating point DSP. NTSC video is captured using a dedicated frame grabber card, Retinex processed, and displayed on a standard monitor. We discuss the optimizations used to achieve real-time performance of the Retinex and also describe our future plans on using alternative architectures.
Increased load bearing capacity of mechanically joined FRP/metal joints using a pin structured auxiliary joining element (2019)

Abstract Due to their excellent mechanical properties, fiber-reinforced plastics are increasingly being used in technical lightweight products. The multi-material design of fiber-reinforced plastic and metal leads to great lightweight constructions because the potential of the materials can be efficiently used for the specific field of application. This restricts conventional thermal joining technologies and shows the demand for cost-effective and efficient mechanical and adhesive joining technologies. This paper depicts the development of a new type of auxiliary joining element with integrated pin structures whose purpose is to increase the load-bearing capacity of mechanically joined fiber-reinforced plastic/metal combinations. In addition, the hole area of the fiber-reinforced plastic can be relieved in this way by transferring the operating loads into the laminate via the pin structures. In addition to experimental studies of the application methodology, the quasi-static and dynamic load-bearing capacity will be investigated. This paper presents detailed information about the development of the new auxiliary joining element and the characteristics of the joints, including corrosion effects generated by a corrosion camber.
On-surface transmetalation of metalloporphyrins (2018)

Increasing the complexity of 2D metal-organic networks has led to the fabrication of structures with interesting magnetic and catalytic properties. However, increasing complexity by providing different coordination environments for different metal types imposes limitations on their synthesis if the controlled placement of one metal type into one coordination environment is desired. Whereas metal insertion into free-base porphyrins at the vacuum/solid interface has been thoroughly studied, providing detailed insight into the mechanisms at play, the chemical interaction of a metal atom with a metallated porphyrin is rarely investigated. Herein, the breadth of metalation reactions is augmented towards the metal exchange of a metalloporphyrin through the deliberate addition of atomic metal centers. The cation of Fe(ii)-tetraphenylporphyrins can be replaced by Co in a redox transmetalation-like reaction on a Au(111) surface. Likewise, Cu can be replaced by Co. The reverse reaction does not occur, i.e. Fe does not replace Co in the porphyrin. This non-reversible exchange is investigated in detail by X-ray absorption spectroscopy complemented by scanning tunneling microscopy. Density functional theory illuminates possible reaction pathways and leads to the conclusion that the transmetalation proceeds through the adsorption of initially metallic (neutral) Co onto the porphyrin and the expulsion of Fe towards the surface accompanied by Co insertion. Our findings have important implications for the fabrication of porphyrin layers on surfaces when subject to the additional deposition of metals. Mixed-metal porphyrin layers can be fabricated by design in a solvent-free process, but conversely care must be taken that the transmetalation does not proceed as an undesired side reaction.
Expedient Route to an Amine Precursor of Halichlorine and Pinnaic Acid from Nitrocyclopent-1-ene (2010)

Diastereoselective addition of n-propanal to nitrocyclopent-1-ene, aldehyde protection, 1,6-conjugate addition, and cross metathesis provides a facile route to key amine precursors of halichlorine and pinnaic acid.
Scan-based Near-field Acoustical Holography on Rocket Noise (2009)

Scan-based near-field acoustical holography (NAH) shows promise in characterizing rocket noise source regions. A brief explanation of NAH is followed by a description of the virtual coherence technique, which allows one to perform scan-based NAH on uncorrelated fields through the use of multiple stationary reference microphones. Numerical experiments are performed intended to mimic rocket noise with the purpose of determining guidelines for proper number and placement of reference microphones. Results show using more reference microphones is better and proper microphone placement depends upon various factors including frequency and coherence length.
Structural mechanism for tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition by dopamine and reactivation by Ser40 phosphorylation (2022)

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopamine (DA) and other catecholamines, and its dysfunction leads to DA deficiency and parkinsonisms. Inhibition by catecholamines and reactivation by S40 phosphorylation are key regulatory mechanisms of TH activity and conformational stability. We used Cryo-EM to determine the structures of full-length human TH without and with DA, and the structure of S40 phosphorylated TH, complemented with biophysical and biochemical characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations. TH presents a tetrameric structure with dimerized regulatory domains that are separated 15 Å from the catalytic domains. Upon DA binding, a 20-residue α-helix in the flexible N-terminal tail of the regulatory domain is fixed in the active site, blocking it, while S40-phosphorylation forces its egress. The structures reveal the molecular basis of the inhibitory and stabilizing effects of DA and its counteraction by S40-phosphorylation, key regulatory mechanisms for homeostasis of DA and TH.
ChemInform Abstract: RASTERELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG VON AETZERSCHEINUNGEN IN ELEKTROLUMINESZIERENDEN GAP‐DIODEN (1972)

Abstract H 2 SO 4 : H 2 O 2 : H 2 O ätzt bevorzugt p‐GaP, das als Anode im Elektrolyten geschaltet ist.
SAT-527 Femoral Neck Strength and Vitamin D in Older African American Women (2019)

Purpose: Bone Mineral density (BMD) is a predictor of fracture risk. Beyond BMD, the role of vitamin D for bone strength is not known in African American (AA) population. Objective: To examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on femoral neck (FN) strength. Design and Setting: A 3-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants: 260 healthy postmenopausal AA women aged 65 years and older. Main Outcome Measures: Femoral axis length and width were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We combined these variables with BMD, body weight and height and computed composite indices of FN strength: compression strength index (CSI), bending strength index (BSI), and impact strength index (ISI). Results: Mean age of participants was 68.2 ± 4.9 years. Baseline characteristics between groups were similar. The average dose of vitamin D3 was 3490 ± 1465 IU/day. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was maintained at above 30 ng/mL in the active group. The average serum 25(OH)D at the 3-year period was 46.8 ± 1.2 ng/mL in the active group compared to 20.7 ± 1.1 ng/mL in the placebo group. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated a significant linear increase in FN width, BSI and ISI over time in both active and placebo group (all p values <0.05). However, there was no group × time interaction effect for any composite indices suggesting that the longitudinal differences in CSI, BSI and ISI between groups were not statistically significant (all p values >0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate no treatment effect of vitamin D on bone strength in African Americans. Maintaining serum 25(OH)D above 30 ng/ml did not affect bone strength. There is no evidence to support vitamin D intake greater than the recommended RDA by the Institute of Medicine in this population for bone health.
High Prevalence of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Severe Fibromyalgia Syndromes (2010)

Context: No immunohistochemical marker has been established to reliably differentiate adrenocortical tumors from other adrenal masses. A panel of markers like melan-A and inhibin-a is currently used for this purpose but suffers from limited diagnostic accuracy. We hypothesized that expression of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), a transcription factor involved in adrenal development, is of value for the differential diagnosis of adrenal masses and predicts prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Patients and Methods: SF-1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue samples from 167 ACC, 52 adrenocortical adenomas (ACA), six normal adrenal glands, six normal ovaries and 73 neoplastic nonsteroidogenic tissues. In an independent cohort of 33 ACC and 58 ACA, SF-1 mRNA expression was analyzed. SF-1 expression was correlated with clinical outcome in patients with ACC. Results: SF-1 protein staining was detectable in 158 of 161 (98%) evaluable ACC samples including 49 (30%) with strong SF-1 staining and in all normal and benign steroidogenic tissues. In addition, SF-1 mRNA expression was present in all 91 analyzed adrenocortical tumors. In contrast, SF-1 expression was absent in all nonsteroidogenic tumors. Strong SF-1 protein expression significantly correlated with poor clinical outcome: tumor stage-adjusted hazard ratio for death 2.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30 -4.64] and for recurrence 3.91 (95% CI 1.71-8.94). Similar results were obtained in the independent cohort using RNA analysis [tumor stage-adjusted hazard ratio for death 4.69 (95% CI 1.44 -15.30)]. Conclusion: SF-1 is a highly valuable immunohistochemical marker to determine the adrenocortical origin of an adrenal mass with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, SF-1 expression is of stage-independent prognostic value in patients with ACC.