gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative zonal analysis of cytoplasmic structures of growth-plate chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. (1982)

The cytoplasmic components of chondrocytes from the various zones of the rat costochondral junction, grown in vitro, were quantitated from electron micrographs using a point-counting technique, and the results were compared statistically with the cytoplasmic components of chondrocytes in the corresponding zones of the junction in vivo. Detectable changes occurred in vitro as early as after six hours of culture. The major changes that occurred in vitro were: an increase in the amount of lipid bodies in chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone and in the bottom portion of the proliferative zone, failure of the chondrocytes in the bottom portion of the hypertrophic zone to increase in size, retention of intactness of the cell membrane of chondrocytes at the base of the hypertrophic zone, a decrease in the number of mitochondria in chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone and in the middle and bottom portions of the proliferative zone, and a decrease in the number of holes in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes in the bottom one-half of the hypertrophic zone. In vitro hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate demonstrated cellular changes associated with aging, while in vito the hypertrophic chondrocytes demonstrated changes associated with degeneration. The final result in both cases was cell death.
Hoover NPT dynamics for systems varying in shape and size (1993)

In this paper we write down equations of motion (following the approach pioneered by Hoover) for an exact isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics simulation, and we extend them to multiple thermostating rates, to a shape-varying cell and to molecular systems, coherently with the previous ‘extended system method’. An integration scheme is proposed together with a numerical illustration of the method.
A Systems Engineering Model To Management And Abatement Of Nonpoint Source Pollution (2020)

Management of nonpoint source pollution management, consisting primarily of education and regulatory efforts, has had little success to date. Indeed, nonpoint source pollution is getting worse, not better, and the Environmental Protection Agency rates it as the leading cause of water quality problems. We must deal with the problems through a systems approach to achieving workable, feasible solutions. Unlike point source input, where the levels, quantities, and consistency of loading are known, nonpoint source pollution must be modeled as an environmentally open system that is constantly changing. Successful management of nonpoint pollution requires a systems approach for applying general land management practices to specific, unique watersheds focusing on identifying the specific objectives, increasing participation of the affected people in the development process, and applying continuous refinements and improvements once the watershed's management system is emplaced. This paper proposes a more holistic approach that will result in robust methods for modeling, implementing, and assessing the control and abatement of nonpoint source pollution.
Cancer Recurrence and Regional Anesthesia: The Theories, the Data, and the Future in Outcomes (2015)

The benefits of regional anesthesia in reducing cancer recurrence have a sound theoretical basis and, in certain cancers, are supported by the existing body of literature. This article outlines the current state of our knowledge on the relationship between cancer progression and regional analgesia.
Measurement of Bromide Ion Affinities for the Air/Water and Dodecanol/Water Interfaces at Molar Concentrations by UV Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy (2010)

Recent experimental and theoretical work has demonstrated that certain anions can exhibit enhanced concentrations at aqueous interfaces and that the adsorption of bromide is particularly important for chemical reactions on atmospheric aerosols, including the depletion of ozone. UV second harmonic generation resonant with the bromide charge-transfer-to-solvent band and a Langmuir adsorption model are used to determine the affinity of bromide for both the air/water and dodecanol/water interfaces. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption for the former is determined to be −1.4 kJ/mol with a lower 90% confidence limit of −4.1 kJ/mol. For the dodecanol/water interface the data are best fit with a Gibbs free energy of +8 kJ/mol with an estimated lower limit of −4 kJ/mol.
Interface studies of MBE-grown GaInAs/GaAsSb heterostructures lattice-matched to InP by Auger electron spectroscopy (1988)

The first interface study of an MBE-grown GaInAs/GaAsSb heterostructure lattice-matched to InP has been performed by Auger electron spectroscopy combined with ion sputtering. No surface segregation of Sb in the GaInAs/GaAsSb heterostructure was observed. The measured interface width of this heterostructure was found to be 2.2 nm by monitoring the Auger peak-to-peak height of the Sb MNN transition under 0.5 k V Ar+ ion sputtering.
Asymmetric cryptography and practical security (2002)

Since the appearance of public-key cryptography in Diffie-Hellman seminal paper, many schemes have been proposed, but many have been broken. Indeed, for many people, the simple fact that a cryptographic algorithm withstands cryptanalytic attacks for several years is considered as a kind of validation. But some schemes took a long time before being widely studied, and maybe thereafter being broken. A~much more convincing line of research has tried to provide ``provable`` security for cryptographic protocols, in a complexity theory sense: if one can break the cryptographic protocol, one can efficiently solve the underlying problem. Unfortunately, very few practical schemes can be proven in this so-called ``standard model`` because such a security level rarely meets with efficiency. A convenient but recent way to achieve some kind of validation of efficient schemes has been to identify some concrete cryptographic objects with ideal random ones: hash functions are considered as behaving like random functions, in the so-called ``random oracle model``, block ciphers are assumed to provide perfectly independent and random permutations for each key in the ``ideal cipher model``, and groups are used as black-box groups in the ``generic model``. In this paper, we focus on practical asymmetric protocols together with their ``reductionist`` security proofs. We cover the two main goals that public-key cryptography is devoted to solve: authentication with digital signatures, and confidentiality with public-key encryption schemes.
Therapeutic Assessment of Combination Therapy with a Neprilysin Inhibitor and Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antagonist on Angiotensin II–Induced Atherosclerosis, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, and Hypertension (2021)

Combined neprilysin (NEP) inhibition (sacubitril) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonism (valsartan) is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and is gaining interest for other angiotensin II (AngII)-related cardiovascular diseases. In addition to heart failure, AngII promotes hypertension, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Similarly, NEP substrates or products have broad effects on the cardiovascular system. In this study, we examined NEP inhibition (with sacubitril) and AT1R antagonism (with valsartan) alone or in combination on AngII-induced hypertension, atherosclerosis, or AAAs in male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Preliminary studies assessed drug delivery via osmotic minipumps for simultaneous release of sacubitril and/or valsartan with AngII over 28 days. Mice were infused with AngII (1000 ng/kg per minute) in the absence (vehicle) or presence of sacubitril (1, 6, or 9 mg/kg per day), valsartan (0.3, 0.5, 1, 6, or 20 mg/kg per day), or the combination thereof (1 and 0.3, or 9 or 0.5 mg/kg per day of sacubitril and valsartan, respectively). Plasma AngII and renin concentrations increased 4-fold at higher valsartan doses, indicative of removal of AngII negative feedback on renin. Sacubitril doubled plasma AngII concentrations at lower doses (1 mg/kg per day). Valsartan dose-dependently decreased systolic blood pressure, aortic atherosclerosis, and AAAs of AngII-infused mice, whereas sacubitril had no effect on atherosclerosis or AAAs but reduced blood pressure of AngII-infused mice. Combination therapy with sacubitril and valsartan did not provide additive benefits. These results suggest limited effects of combination therapy with NEP inhibition and AT1R antagonism against AngII-induced hypertension, atherosclerosis, or AAAs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The combination of valsartan (angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist) and sacubitril (neprilysin inhibitor) did not provide benefit above valsartan alone on AngII-induced hypertension, atherosclerosis, or abdominal aortic aneurysms in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient male mice. These results do not support this drug combination in therapy of these AngII-induced cardiovascular diseases.
Wireless Networks With Cache-Enabled and Backhaul-Limited Aerial Base Stations (2020)

Use of aerial base stations (ABSs) is a promising approach to enhance the agility and flexibility of future wireless networks. ABSs can improve the coverage and/or capacity of a network by moving supply towards demand. Deploying ABSs in a network presents several challenges such as finding an efficient 3D-placement of ABSs that takes network objectives into account. Another challenge is the limited wireless backhaul capacity of ABSs and consequently, potentially higher latency incurred. Content caching is proposed to alleviate the backhaul congestion and decrease the latency. We consider a limited backhaul capacity for ABSs due to varying position-dependent path loss values and define two groups of users (delay-tolerant and delay-sensitive) with different data rate requirements. We study the problem of jointly determining backhaul-aware 3D placement for ABSs, user-BS associations and corresponding bandwidth allocations while minimizing total downlink transmit power. Proposed iterative algorithm applies a decomposition method. First, the 3D locations of ABSs are found using semi-definite relaxation and coordinate descent methods, and then user-BS associations and bandwidth allocations are optimized. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and provide insights about the impact of traffic distribution and content caching on transmit power and backhaul usage of ABSs.
Test results of superconducting AC magnets for magnetic refrigeration experiment (1994)

Magnetic refrigeration can be achieved by cycling the magnetic field while leaving the magnetic material and the magnet stationary to avoid the large electromagnetic force problem. Two superconducting magnets were used to test this approach. First we reconfigured a force-cooled cable-in-conduit magnet to operate with liquid rather than supercritical helium. Limited by the available power supply voltage, the fastest charging rate achieved was 10 s to 5 T. A second low loss magnet was acquired for operation to 7 T with a 6-s duty cycle. This is a bath-cooled magnet with potted sub-coils. The conductor is a 20-strand Rutherford-type cable with Ebanol insulation on each strand. This magnet quenched prematurely at 6.4 T. It was charge rate sensitive and the fastest charging rate achieved was 10 s to 5.8 T.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Security in cyber-physical systems: challenges and solutions (2017)

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs), which integrate physical components and computational elements, are becoming increasingly popular in recent years. As complex systems themselves, CPSs are frequently used in complex applications such as smart power grids, transport systems, and financial infrastructure. Security is a critical and challenging aspect that needs more attention during CPS design, due to the extensive use of CPSs in applications. To address this, we discuss CPS security threats and investigate specific security measures that can be taken. This paper, firstly introduces the CPS architecture, which consists of a perception layer, a data transport layer, and an application control layer. We then outline security threats and measures taken to combat threats at each of the three layers. Finally, using the smart grid as an example, we present a short analysis of typical threats and measures to keep the smart grid cyber safe. In addition, we list differences between IoT security and CPS security to compare the two methods.
ANGPTL7, a therapeutic target for increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma (2022)

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Current glaucoma medications work by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor for glaucoma, but most treatments do not directly target the pathological changes leading to increased IOP, which can manifest as medication resistance as disease progresses. To identify physiological modulators of IOP, we performed genome- and exome-wide association analysis in >129,000 individuals with IOP measurements and extended these findings to an analysis of glaucoma risk. We report the identification and functional characterization of rare coding variants (including loss-of-function variants) in ANGPTL7 associated with reduction in IOP and glaucoma protection. We validated the human genetics findings in mice by establishing that Angptl7 knockout mice have lower (~2 mmHg) basal IOP compared to wild-type, with a trend towards lower IOP also in heterozygotes. Conversely, increasing murine Angptl7 levels via injection into mouse eyes increases the IOP. We also show that acute Angptl7 silencing in adult mice lowers the IOP (~2-4 mmHg), reproducing the observations in knockout mice. Collectively, our data suggest that ANGPTL7 is important for IOP homeostasis and is amenable to therapeutic modulation to help maintain a healthy IOP that can prevent onset or slow the progression of glaucoma.
New Daucane and Germacrane Esters from Ferula orientalis var. orientalis (1987)

Twelve sesquiterpenoid esters, including two new daucane and four new germacrane esters, were isolated from the roots of Ferula orientalis var. orientalis. Structures for all compounds were elucidated by spectral methods and chemical transformations.
Isolation, activation, and retroviral transduction of primary T cells from murine splenocytes v1 (2022)

This protocol outlines the steps for retroviral transduction of activated primary T cells isolated from spleen of donor mice.
The human Oct-6 POU transcription factor lacks the first 50 amino acids of its murine counterpart (1993)

Journal Article The human Oct-6 POU transcription factor lacks the first 50 amino acids of its murine counterpart Get access Andreas Tobler, Andreas Tobler Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital ZurichHaeldeliweg 4, CH 8044 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edgar Schreiber, Edgar Schreiber Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital ZurichHaeldeliweg 4, CH 8044 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edgar Fontana Edgar Fontana Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital ZurichHaeldeliweg 4, CH 8044 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 4, 25 February 1993, Page 1043, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.4.1043 Published: 25 February 1993 Article history Received: 27 November 1992 Revision received: 12 January 1993 Accepted: 12 January 1993 Published: 25 February 1993
Immunisation with Recombinant PfEMP1 Domains Elicits Functional Rosette-Inhibiting and Phagocytosis-Inducing Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum (2011)

These results are encouraging for vaccine development as they show that potent antibodies can be generated to recombinant PfEMP1 domains that will inhibit rosetting and induce phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes. However, further work is needed on rosetting mechanisms and cross-reactivity in field isolates to define a set of PfEMP1 variants that could induce functional antibodies against a broad range of P. falciparum rosetting parasites.
Chemical modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) micropowder — basis for special lubricant additives (2012)

ABSTRACT This contribution presents results of the chemical coupling reaction between the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) micropowder and oils. For the preparation of such dispersions, the reaction between the perfluoroalkyl(peroxy) radicals, which are generated by irradiation of PTFE in presence of oxygen, and the olefinic unsaturated groups of the oils was used. The modified and charged PTFE micropowder particles prevent the agglomeration by repulsion and therefore also the sedimentation. Processes of structural formation in the dispersions were studied by rheological characterisation and observed into dependence of the PTFE concentration and the chosen kind of PTFE. The tribological characterisation should explore the influence of the chemical coupling reaction between PTFE and oil in the dispersions. In addition, the tribological effect of the dispersions as an additive in a synthetic lubricant was investigated. The results obtained were discussed from rheological and tribological point of view taking into account the effect of the chemical coupling in dependence of the oils used and the chosen PTFE type. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Peritoneal macrophages mediated delivery of chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle to the lesion site in a murine radiation-induced fibrosis model (2012)

We provide a proof-of-concept for host macrophage trafficking towards the inflamed region in a murine RIF model, which thereby suggests that the chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle may constitute a general treatment for inflammatory diseases using the natural homing potential of macrophages to inflammatory sites.
A Flow Cytometric and Computational Approaches to Carbapenems Affinity to the Different Types of Carbapenemases (2016)

The synergy of carbapenem combinations regarding Enterobacteriaceae producing different types of carbapenemases was study through different approaches: flow cytometry and computational analysis. Ten well characterized Enterobacteriaceae (KPC, verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamases -VIM and OXA-48-like enzymes) were selected for the study. The cells were incubated with a combination of ertapenem with imipenem, meropenem, or doripenem and killing kinetic curves performed with and without reinforcements of the drugs. A cephalosporin was also used in combination with ertapenem. A flow cytometric assay with DiBAC4-(3), a membrane potential dye, was developed in order to evaluate the cellular lesion after 2 h incubation. A chemical computational study was performed to understand the affinity of the different drugs to the different types of enzymes. Flow cytometric analysis and time-kill assays showed a synergic effect against KPC and OXA-48 producing-bacteria with all combinations; only ertapenem with imipenem was synergic against VIM producing-bacteria. A bactericidal effect was observed in OXA-48-like enzymes. Ceftazidime plus ertapenem was synergic against ESBL-negative KPC producing-bacteria. Ertapenem had the highest affinity for those enzymes according to chemical computational study. The synergic effect between ertapenem and others carbapenems against different carbapenemase-producing bacteria, representing a therapeutic choice, was described for the first time. Easier and faster laboratorial methods for carbapenemase characterization are urgently needed. The design of an ertapenem derivative with similar affinity to carbapenemases but exhibiting more stable bonds was demonstrated as highly desirable.
Calcium Cross-Linked Soy Protein Beads and Microspheres as Carriers for Nutraceutical Compound Delivery (2009)

The ongoing identification of compounds with health benefits beyond those of classical nutrients and vitamins, so-called nutraceutical compounds, presents an excellent opportunity for the development of innovative functional foods. However, successful incorporation of these compounds into food systems is often very difficult, due to their sensitivity to environmental factors encountered during food processing, such as light, oxygen and heat, as well as to conditions prevailing in the gastrointestinal tract, such as acidic pH and enzymatic hydrolysis, which limit their activity and potential health benefits. The food industry is thus challenged to develop delivery systems for incorporating nutraceutical compounds into food without reducing their bioavailability or functionality. In this article, we present recent progress in the design, preparation and evaluation of soy protein beads and micro-particles as delivery systems and their potential for the development of innovative functional foods.
The Gleason Score: Does Order of Pattern Numbers Matter? (2009)

Since its introduction in 1974, the Gleason score (the sum of primary and secondary tumor patterns) has been validated as a predictive and prognostic
Millions of cantilevers for atomic force microscopy (2002)

Millions of single-crystal silicon cantilevers were fabricated by anisotropic etching of silicon by KOH. They could be tailored to measure from 500 nm to 100 μm in length and from 30 to 100 nm in thickness. Since the tips and the cantilevers were formed by a combination of crystal-line facets, they had very high uniformity, well-defined shape, and size. The density of the cantilevers was over 1 mil cantilevers per square centimeter. Typical mechanical characteristics of cantilevers measuring a few microns in length were spring constant a few N/m, natural frequency around 10 MHz, Q factor 5 in air, and 104 in vacuum. The natural frequency of cantilevers within the same row differed by 0.01%. Displacement measurement of the cantilever from the back surface of the silicon substrate by an infrared Fizeau interferometer had a visibility of 0.1.
Rumor Detection on Social Media with Bi-Directional Graph Convolutional Networks (2020)

Social media has been developing rapidly in public due to its nature of spreading new information, which leads to rumors being circulated. Meanwhile, detecting rumors from such massive information in social media is becoming an arduous challenge. Therefore, some deep learning methods are applied to discover rumors through the way they spread, such as Recursive Neural Network (RvNN) and so on. However, these deep learning methods only take into account the patterns of deep propagation but ignore the structures of wide dispersion in rumor detection. Actually, propagation and dispersion are two crucial characteristics of rumors. In this paper, we propose a novel bi-directional graph model, named Bi-Directional Graph Convolutional Networks (Bi-GCN), to explore both characteristics by operating on both top-down and bottom-up propagation of rumors. It leverages a GCN with a top-down directed graph of rumor spreading to learn the patterns of rumor propagation; and a GCN with an opposite directed graph of rumor diffusion to capture the structures of rumor dispersion. Moreover, the information from source post is involved in each layer of GCN to enhance the influences from the roots of rumors. Encouraging empirical results on several benchmarks confirm the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches.