gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Mouse Models of Huntington’s Disease: Focus on Electrophysiological Mechanisms (2010)

The discovery of the HD (Huntington's disease) gene in 1993 led to the creation of genetic mouse models of the disease and opened the doors for mechanistic studies. In particular, the early changes and progression of the disease could be followed and examined systematically. The present review focuses on the contribution of these genetic mouse models to the understanding of functional changes in neurons as the HD phenotype progresses, and concentrates on two brain areas: the striatum, the site of most conspicuous pathology in HD, and the cortex, a site that is becoming increasingly important in understanding the widespread behavioural abnormalities. Mounting evidence points to synaptic abnormalities in communication between the cortex and striatum and cell-cell interactions as major determinants of HD symptoms, even in the absence of severe neuronal degeneration and death.
β-catenin interacts with heat shock protein Hsp27 and heat shock transcription factor 1 and it is a useful prognostic marker in breast cancer patients (2007)

10593 Background: We examined in breast cancer the possible interactions between heat shock proteins (Hsps) and the cadherin- catenin cell adhesion proteins, which have important roles in signaling pathways and tumor cell invasion. The cadherin-catenin proteins, like Hsps, have the capacity to bind other proteins. Moreover, there are common molecular pathways for the Hsp response and for the cadherin- catenin protein system. Methods: β-catenin was immunoprecipitated from breast cancer biopsies and the resulting product was probed with antibodies against Hsp members. LC-ESI-MSMS analysis was performed. Immunohistochemistry was used on paraffin sections. Statistical analyses were performed (Prism computer program): Kaplan-Meier, difference between curves evaluated with the log-rank test for censored survival or event observations, contingency tables analyzed by the Fisher`s exact test and Chi-square. Results: β- catenin interacted with Hsp27 and HSF1 (heat shock transcription factor 1), this is the first demonstration of these specific interactions, β- catenin did not interact with Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, gp96 and CHOP. To confirm this finding, the 27 kDa band was excised and submitted to LC- ESI-MSMS, the band was identified as Hsp27. In addition, β-catenin interacted with P-cadherin and caveolin-1. In the co-localization studies, β- catenin was observed in the same tumor areas and cells that expressed Hsp27. This association was strong when β-catenin was expressed in the cytoplasm, not when β-catenin was expressed at the cell membrane. In addition, β-catenin co-localized with HSF1. Finally, the prognostic significance of cadherin-catenin proteins was examined in breast cancer patients (n=215, follow-up: &gt;10 years). Conclusions: We found that cytoplasmic β-catenin interacted with Hsp27 and HSF1, and that the survival (disease free and overall) was significantly shorter for patients with P-cadherin + and cytoplasmic β-catenin + tumors. The interactions of β-catenin with Hsp27 and with HSF1 may explain some of the molecular pathways that influence tumor cell survival and the clinical significance in the prognosis of the breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Engineering applications of the self-organizing map (1996)

The self-organizing map (SOM) method is a new, powerful software tool for the visualization of high-dimensional data. It converts complex, nonlinear statistical relationships between high-dimensional data into simple geometric relationships on a low-dimensional display. As it thereby compresses information while preserving the most important topological and metric relationships of the primary data elements on the display, it may also be thought to produce some kind of abstractions. The term self-organizing map signifies a class of mappings defined by error-theoretic considerations. In practice they result in certain unsupervised, competitive learning processes, computed by simple-looking SOM algorithms. Many industries have found the SOM-based software tools useful. The most important property of the SOM, orderliness of the input-output mapping, can be utilized for many tasks: reduction of the amount of training data, speeding up learning nonlinear interpolation and extrapolation, generalization, and effective compression of information for its transmission.
Gop structure adaptive to the video content for efficient H.264/AVC encoding (2010)

This paper presents a new method for high efficiency video coding using an adaptive GOP structure based on video content for the H.264/AVC standard. The available H.264/AVC encoders typically use static GOP sizes that define how the frames I (Intra), P (Predictive) and B (Bi-predictive) are positioned during de coding process. However, by analyzing the video content it is possible to identify the optimum position for each type of frame inside the GOP. The proposed method analyses the video content and finds the best position for inserting I frames in the video sequence. Thus the GOP structure can assume different sizes, depending on the video content. The results for test sequences and real videos show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the required bit rate, comparing to the static GOP sizes, with reduced PSNR losses. The proposed adaptive GOP presents a gain, in terms of bit rate reduction for real movies, of 8.6%, 15%, 24.7% and 40.8% in comparison with static GOP sizes 32, 16, 8 and 4, respectively.
Numerical Model of a Non-Contact Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Rotating Objects (2011)

Energy harvesting is an attractive technique for powering wireless sensors and low power devices. Harvesters delivering sufficient power from rotation for sensor applications have been developed, but difficulties are encountered when the devices to be powered are located off-axis on a rotating object. In such cases, harvesters are not adapted to low frequency and high amplitude of motion, where the input force amplitude is higher than the mass available displacement. A novel approach, based on using non-contact piezoelectric energy harvester to generate power from magnetic forces due to the effect of the centripetal force is proposed in this paper. In this approach, the pre-stressed piezoelectric beams are deformed by interaction with an oscillating magnet that is supported by magnetic levitation system. Because the magnetic levitation system is nonlinear, the nonlinear spring enables operation over a wide range of large centripetal accelerations. A model of the system is presented and analyzed in order to identify the parameters that control the performance of the harvester. Theoretical investigations are followed by a series of experimental tests to validate the response predictions. With an off-axis distance of 75 mm the prototype, occupying a volume of approximately 17.74 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and weighting 46 g, generated an output power ranging from 0.2 μW to 3.5 μW when the rotating speed changes from 3 rps to 5.55 rps. Further optimization of the piezoelectric harvester is carried out in order to improve the power density. An application in which the harvester can be used in is tire pressure monitoring systems. In this case, the harvester can replace the battery of the pressure sensors located inside the vehicle tire.
Table TS2 from Combination of a New Oral Demethylating Agent, OR2100, and Venetoclax for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The Bliss score in combination of venetoclax&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate on the metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by cultured rat lung tissue (1991)

The effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a dietary inhibitor of carcinogenesis, on the metabolism of the tobacco specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) by cultured rat peripheral lung tissues was investigated. Initially, the metabolism of NNK by the tissues was studied by incubating the lung explants in medium containing 1 and 10 microM [5-3H]NNK for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. NNK metabolites were analyzed and quantified by HPLC and expressed as nmol/mg DNA. NNK was metabolized by three pathways; alpha-carbon hydroxylation, pyridine N-oxidation and carbonyl reduction. The principal metabolic pathway involved the conversion of NNK to the pyridine N-oxidized metabolites: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanone (NNK-N-oxide) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanol (NNAL-N-oxide). When combined, NNK-N-oxide and NNAL-N-oxide constituted approximately 70% of the total metabolites in the medium at 24 h. To determine the effects of PEITC on the metabolism of NNK, lung explants were either treated with both 10 microM [5-3H]NNK and PEITC (10, 50, and 100 microM) for 24 h, or they were pre-treated with these same concentrations of PEITC for 16 h and then co-treated with both PEITC and 10 microM [5-3H]NNK for 24 h. In both treatment series, PEITC inhibited the alpha-carbon hydroxylation and pyridine N-oxidation of NNK and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which is produced from NNK by carbonyl reduction. In general, the inhibition of NNK metabolism was greater when the explants were pre-treated with PEITC. These results suggest that PEITC is an effective inhibitor of the conversion of NNK to metabolites that elicit DNA damage. Our results are in agreement with previously published data in which PEITC was shown to inhibit NNK metabolism and tumorigenesis in the rat lung.
Polymerization of Isobutylene Oxide and its Derivatives by Stannic Chloride (1963)

イソブチレンオキサイド (I), 2-クロルメチルプロピレンオキサイド (II) および1, 1-ビスクロルメチルエチレンオキサイドを臭化エチル溶媒中, 四塩化スズを用いて重合した。モノマー消費速度はその初期速度から,(II) の重合においてk [M] 0 [SnCl4] 5.3 [H2O] 3.0,(III) の重合においてはk [M] 0 [SnCl4] 2.5でそれぞれ表わされる。(I) は-80℃ の低温でも重合速度が速いので詳細な動力学的測定値は得られなかった。重台速度の温度による影響を検討して重合活性化エネルギーを計算し, 各モノマーの構造と重合反応を関連させて議論した。(II) および (III) の重合において誘導期が観測されるが, それは重合反応における活性化段階として説明できる。さらに, 得られた実験結果と合致するような重合機構を提案した。
New architecture for multi-format video browsing and cut detection (2003)

The need for video processing tools has emerged in recent years. The main problem of video analysis is that it is a notoriously weak-structured problem. Moreover, there are many media formats and standards nowadays. Thus, we introduce a new system to analyze and process different media file formats in an efficient and consistent manner. In addition to the different normal media browsing operations, the system implements three different video cut detection mechanisms. The new architecture of the system of multi-format media browsing and cut detection functionalities is depicted. A detailed algorithm is described along with its approach to achieve quick performance although it tries to solve common problems for video cut detection. These problems are the detection of false cuts and missing true cuts. Then, a comparative study is provided between the different mechanisms. This work is part of the Mobile Agents Alliance project among Ottawa university, National Research Council (NRC) and Mitel Corporation in Canada.
Fluorophosphate glasses activated by rare-earth ions and AgBr (2012)

Analysis of the absorption band position for colloidal silver in fluorophosphate glasses of the composition (0.95 − x − y)(MgCaBaSrAl2F14)-0.05Ba(PO3)2-xPbF2-yLnF3 (where Ln = Eu, Ce, Sm, Tb; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2; y = 0.01, 0.02) with small additives of AgBr (0.04 wt % above 100%) has been performed. It has been shown that joint introduction of AgBr and EuF3 with additional heat treatment of the glasses below the temperature of the onset of crystallization leads to a rise of the plasmon absorption band of silver nanoparticles. It has been assumed that the reason for the observed shift of the plasmon absorption band is the formation of a ∼0.5-nm-thick shell of AgBr on the surface of a metallic Ag 0 -cluster.
Two-Degree-of-Freedom Actuator for Robotic Eyes (2020)

Environment recognition is an essential task for autonomous systems. The size and weight of conventional mechanisms for robotic eyes increases because it consists of multiple actuators and links. Then, we propose a novel two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) actuator for robotic eyes, employing the basic operating principle of moving coil actuators. Since the mover of the actuator consists of two moving coils, its structure and control system can be simple. In this paper, its magnetic structure and operating principle are presented. The configuration of the robotic eye is described. The torque characteristics of the proposed two-DOF actuator are clarified by a magnetic field analysis using a three-dimensional finite element method. The analysis results show that the proposed two-DOF actuator can be independently driven by two-phase. The maximum angular acceleration is almost the same as human performance.
Low Noise and High Photodetection Probability SPAD in 180 nm Standard CMOS Technology (2018)

A square shaped, low noise and high photo-response single photon avalanche diode suitable for circuit integration, implemented in a standard CMOS 180 nm high voltage technology, is presented. In this work, a p+ to shallow n-well junction was engineered with a very smooth electric field profile guard ring to attain a photo detection probability peak higher than 50% with a median dark count rate lower than 2 Hz/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> when operated at an excess bias of 4 V. The reported timing jitter full width at half maximum is below 300 ps for 640 nm laser pulses.
Diversity within geodiversity, underpinning habitats (2010)

New South Wales National Parks and State conservation areas lie in diverse geological settings. One major geological component includes prominent, eroded Cenozoic shield volcanoes, which formed in a similar manner to the Hawaiian Island volcanoes. The NSW volcanoes either represent basaltic shields with central cores of silicic rocks or more simple basaltic shields. The former provide biological refuge areas at Tweed, Ebor‐Dorrigo, Nandewar, Warrumbungle, Comboyne and Canobolas. These volcanoes decrease in both age and size southwards due to deep geodynamic processes. This leads to systematic habitat variations. The largest, most eroded Tweed volcano (23‐25 million years old) provides contrasting lava aprons, erosional caldera rims, basement valley floors, and an isolated central peak. Further south the central shields show progressive reductions in such features, so that the southernmost Canobolas shield (11‐13 m.y.) retains a more complete profile without marked internal habitat contrasts. The simpler basaltic shields are represented in Barrington Tops National Park, where a plateau of lava flows 50‐60 m.y. old is embayed by deep valleys rimmed by escarpments, forming a variety of habitats. Similar basaltic shields lie in National Parks elsewhere, e.g. Mummel Gulf and Ben Halls Gap, but fertile basalt soils mostly prompted agricultural development. Another basaltic shield, well offshore, forms Lord Howe Island, a World Heritage Site and NSW State Marine Park. The only part of this 6‐7 m.y. old edifice that remains above sea level is a mountainous caldera lava fill, but its wide submarine‐bevelled flanks support fringing coral reefs and diverse marine habitats. The volcanic shields mark regions of related rocks, soils, and landforms that are spread across coastal escarpments, highland divides and inland surfaces. These differing landscapes underpin biodiversity preserved in NSW parks and conservation areas. The eroded volcanic landforms also form scenic landscapes and provide a platform for comparative biological research and geo‐education/geo‐tourism.
Lead(ii) tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate complexes with crown ethers, mixed O/S- and O/Se-donor macrocycles and unusual [BF4]− and [PF6]− coordination (2013)

The reaction of Pb[BF(4)](2) in H(2)O/MeCN solution with the macrocycle 18-crown-6 gave the dinuclear complex [{Pb(18-crown-6)(H(2)O)(μ(2)-BF(4))}(2)][BF(4)](2), containing two nine-coordinate lead centres, each bound to all six oxygens of a crown ligand, one water molecule and bridged by two μ(2)-BF(4) groups. In contrast, the oxa-thia crown [18]aneO(4)S(2) gave the mononuclear [Pb([18]aneO(4)S(2))(H(2)O)(2)(BF(4))][BF(4)] in which the lead is coordinated O(4)S(2) within the puckered ring of the macrocycle, and with two water molecules on one side of the plane and a chelating (κ(2)) BF(4)(-) on the other. The [Pb([18]aneO(4)Se(2))(BF(4))2] has the two BF(4)(-) groups arranged mutually cis and with the macrocycle folded; within each BF(4)(-) group the Pb-F distances differ by ~0.5 Å, producing a very unsymmetrical chelate. The 15-membered ring macrocycles 15-crown-5 and [15]aneO(3)S(2) produce sandwich complexes [Pb(macrocycle)(2)][BF(4)](2) which contain 10-coordinate lead centres. Pb[PF(6)](2) in H(2)O/MeCN solution formed [Pb(18-crown-6)(H(2)O)(2)(PF(6))][PF(6)] and [Pb([18]aneO(4)S(2))(H(2)O)(2)(PF(6))][PF(6)] which contain weak κ(2)-coordination of the PF(6)(-) group on the opposite side of the macrocyclic ring to two coordinated water molecules, giving 10-coordinate lead. In contrast, [Pb([18]aneO(4)Se(2))(PF(6))(2)] has two κ(2)-coordinated PF(6)(-) groups disposed cis, with a very folded macrocycle conformation. In [Pb(18-crown-6)(NO(3))(PF(6))] a chelating nitrate group occupies the coordination sites at Pb(II) instead of the two water molecules, and the weakly coordinating PF(6)(-) group is tridentate. The crystal structures of the lead nitrate complexes, [Pb(15-crown-5)(NO(3))(2)] and [Pb([18]aneO(4)Se(2))(NO(3))(2)], containing nine- and 10-coordinate lead respectively, are also reported. In solution the complexes are labile, and both conductivity and (19)F NMR spectroscopic studies show the BF(4)(-) and PF(6)(-) groups are dissociated, whereas in the nitrate complexes the anion coordination is retained in solution. The identification of the coordination modes of the NO(3)(-) and BF(4)(-) groups in the solid complexes by IR spectroscopy is discussed.
Lane line detection by using Hough Transform (2018)

In this study, a mixed approach is proposed to increase the detection success of lane-line especially for heavily shaded road images. These kinds of studies are the basis of lane departure warning and lane keeping assistance systems. Accurate and automatic detection is an important feature for reducing the accident risk and increasing driving safety. In most of the existing studies carried out on this subject, it has been observed that MATLAB software is widely used. In this study, the application was developed by using two different software in LabVIEW which is a graphical development platform. The text-based source codes developed in MATLAB has been integrated into the LabVIEW platform using the “Mathscript Node” tool for Hough Transformation (HT). By combining the superior features of both platforms, a stronger user interface in terms of visual objects compared with the MATLAB GUI with satisfactory analytical abilities was get. This mixed approach provides the software developers to choose the most appropriate syntax in a single platform. The proposed method has been tested on a limited number (4) of images, especially for heavily shaded images selected from dataset of the Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute Vision and Autonomous Systems Center and up to 100% success has been achieved in images exposed to high disturbance.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Combining Antibody-Directed Presentation of IL-15 and 4-1BBL in a Trifunctional Fusion Protein for Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 61KB, Functional activity of RD_IL-15_scFv_m4-1BBL.&lt;/p&gt;
Single-mode narrow-linewidth fiber ring laser with SBS-assisted parity-time symmetry for mode selection (2022)

A single-longitudinal-mode narrow-linewidth fiber ring laser with stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) assisted parity-time (PT) symmetry for mode selection in a single fiber loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. When an optical pump is launched into the fiber loop along one direction, an SBS gain for the Stokes light along the opposite direction is produced. For two light waves at the Stokes frequency propagating along the two opposite directions, one will have a net gain and the other will have a net loss. By incorporating a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with partial reflection in the loop, mutual coupling between the two counterpropagating Stokes light waves is achieved. The SBS gain can be controlled by tuning the angle between the polarization directions of the pump and the Stokes light waves through a polarization controller (PC). Once the gain and loss coefficients between the two counterpropagating light waves are controlled to be identical in magnitude, and that the gain coefficient is greater than the coupling coefficient caused by the FBG, PT symmetry breaking is achieved, making the mainmode to sidemode ratio highly enhanced, single mode lasing is thus achieved. The approach is evaluated experimentally. For a fiber ring laser with a cavity length of 8.02 km, single-mode lasing with a narrow 3-dB linewidth of 368 Hz and a sidemode suppression ratio of around 33 dB is demonstrated. The wavelength tunable range from 1550.02 to 1550.18 nm is also demonstrated.
Storage stability of high temperature fuels. Technical report AFAPL-TR-65-13. Part II (1966)

Diverse pharmacologic agents have been reported to be effective in treating negative schizophrenic symptoms (NSS). In light of this large and growing literature, as well as of reconceptualizations of the underlying pathophysiology of NSS, the time may have come to reject models that assume "irreversibility" of NSS. However, flaws in existing studies prevent closure regarding the reversibility of, and by inference the treatability of, NSS. Guidelines for future studies are articulated, e.g., the need to distinguish primary from secondary NSS, to include drug-free subjects with a predominance of NSS in clinical trials, and to use well-validated and psychometrically sound instruments for assessing NSS.