gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Effects of Slow Recrystallization and Defects Passivation Achieve Efficient Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Good Stability Up to One Year (2023)

Abstract Tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have become a star candidate in lead‐free perovskite cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and low toxicity. However, there are a lot of problems such as uncontrollable crystallizationprocess, easy oxidation of Sn 2+ and high defect density have not been completely resolved in TPSCs. Here, the thiourea (TU) and amidine thiourea (ASU) are added into the perovskite precursor to regulate the microstructure, inhibit the oxidation of Sn 2+ and promote charge transfer. The characterization results demonstrate that the TU additive can not only improve the micrograph, crystallinity and antioxidant, but also significantly induce recrystallization and passivate trap states. Thus, the TPSCs with TU (TU‐modified TPSCs) show a significantly higher power conversion efficienc (PCE) and better stability than those of the TPSCs with ASU (ASU‐modified PSCs) and reference TPSCs. After stored in N 2 atmosphere for 8 months, the unencapsulated TU‐modified PSCs achieve a champion PCE of 10.9% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.79 V. Furthermore, the unsealed TU‐modified PSCs can maintain 115% of its initial efficiency after stored in N 2 atmosphere for one year. This is the longest lifetime of unencapsulated pure TPSCs in N 2 atmosphere.
Concerted Catalytic Reactions for Conversion of Ketones or Enol Acetates to Chiral Acetates (2000)

[reaction: see text] Enol acetates or ketones asymmetrically transformed to chiral acetates in high yields with high optical purities through multistep reactions catalyzed by a lipase and a ruthenium complex. 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol was chosen as a suitable hydrogen donor, and 4-chlorophenyl acetate was used as an acyl donor for the conversion of ketones.
In-situ rehabilitation cleans, lines, and renews pipe systems (1990)

This article discusses how, in the past five years, developments in coating and lining material technology have found their way into pipe line application and have yielded successful results. The thick film, high solids material often used to repair tanks, vessels and offshore structures has now been adapted for existing pipe lines. One of the most promising of these systems in successful service is an epoxy, high solids (95%) material originally developed for nuclear service as a lining for reactor containment vessels.
Proton conducting ceramics in membrane separations (2023)

Perovskite materials of the general formula SrCeO.sub.3 and BaCeO.sub.3 are provided having improved conductivity while maintaining an original ratio of chemical constituents, by altering the microstructure of the material. A process of making Pervoskite materials is also provided in which wet chemical techniques are used to fabricate nanocrystalline ceramic materials which have improved grain size and allow lower temperature densification than is obtainable with conventional solid-state reaction processing.
4-(β-Arylvinyl)-3-(β-arylvinylketo)-1-ethyl-4-piperidinols and Related Compounds:  A Novel Class of Cytotoxic and Anticancer Agents (1998)

The syntheses of a series of 1-aryl-5-diethylamino-1-penten-3-one hydrochlorides 1 and 1-aryl-3-diethylamino-1-propanone hydrochlorides 4 were accomplished. Attempts to prepare the corresponding bis(5-aryl-3-oxo-4-pentenyl)ethylamine hydrochlorides 2 and bis(3-aryl-3-oxopropyl)ethylamine hydrochlorides 5 led to the formation of a series of 4-(beta-arylvinyl)-3-(beta-arylvinylketo)-1-ethyl-4-piperidi nol hydrochlorides 9 and 4-aryl-3-arylketo-1-ethyl-4-piperidinol hydrochlorides 11, most of which were converted subsequently into the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts 10 and 12, respectively. The structures of these compounds were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray crystallography of representative molecules. Most compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity toward murine P388 and L1210 cells as well as human tumors. In general, Mannich bases containing olefinic bonds were more cytotoxic than the analogues without this functional group, while the piperidines 9 and 11 were more potent than the acyclic analogues 1 and 4, respectively. Correlations were noted between various physicochemical constants in the aryl rings and cytotoxicity. Compound 9d displayed promising in vivo activity against colon cancers. This study has revealed that the piperidines 9 and 11 constitute new classses of cytotoxic agents.
WE-D-210-00: Advances in Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Diagnosis & Therapy (2015)

The utilization of ultrasound contrast agents offers significant promise in enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound imaging as well as offering new, noninvasive approaches for therapeutic intervention. The presentations in this session will provide an overview of current and future clinical diagnostic applications of ultrasound contrast for patient management, recent advances in the design and development of ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging, as well as the development of novel microbubble agents for theragnostic applications. Learning Objectives: 1. Develop an understanding of the current and future applications of ultrasound contrast agents for clinical application and preclinical research. 2. Develop a general understanding of the underlying technologies associated with improving the diagnostic capabilities of contrast– enhanced ultrasound imaging as well as potential noninvasive approaches for therapeutic intervention. Dr. Rychak is an employee of Targeson, Inc; NIH RO1 NS047603 and NIH RO1 HL074002, Holland: NIH RO1 NS047603 and NIH RO1 HL074002
A Speech And Music Detector Project For A Dsp Class (2020)

A project is described in this paper which is designed to monitor a radio station and detect commercials and talking, which would allow the radio to be muted so the listener would not be distracted by obnoxious radio ads and D.J.'s. The project is designed to be an interesting application of a very simple pattern recognition system and requires little more than a low pass filter, high-pass filter, and a threshold scheme. The approach was to attempt to classify the signal as music or speech, and if the signal was found to be speech, the device could mute the radio (advertisements with music would not be eliminated). The device was based on the TMS320C31 DSK, which is an inexpensive digital signal processor (DSP) demonstration board available from Texas Instruments that contains an A/D converter, D/A converter, and a computer interface. The DSP on the demonstration board was programmed to take samples from the A/D converter, pass them through a low-pass and high-pass filter, and to compute the ratio of the average energy at the output of the LPF filter to the average energy of the output of the high pass filter. Since, most of the time, speech has less energy at high frequencies than music does, a high ratio usually indicates speech. The DSP compares the ratio to a threshold value, which was determined from recorded speech and music, and, if the ratio is higher than the threshold, generates a signal that could be used to mute the speech. The technique was found to work well with the test signals used to find the threshold, but did not generalize very well to new music and speech signals.
Exploring Gameplay With AI Agents (2018)

The process of play testing a game is subjective, expensive and incomplete. In this paper, we present a play-testing approach that explores the game space with automated agents and collects data to answer questions posed by the designers. Rather than have agents interacting with an actual game client, this approach recreates the bare bone mechanics of the game as a separate system. Our agent is able to play in minutes what would take testers days of organic gameplay. The analysis of thousands of game simulations exposed imbalances in game actions, identified inconsequential rewards and evaluated the effectiveness of optional strategic choices. Our test case game, The Sims Mobile, was recently released and the findings shown here influenced design changes that resulted in improved player experience.
Efficient Simulation of Rectangular Dielectric Resonators Using Volume MPIE-MoM Formulation With Combined Entire-Domain and Subdomain Basis Functions (2004)

An efficient method-of-moments (MoM) formulation using combined entire-domain and subdomain basis functions is proposed for simulating the resonant modes of a rectangular dielectric resonator in free space. An approximate analytical solution for the resonant mode of the DR is used as the entire-domain basis function, while a set of tetrahedral basis functions are used as subdomain basis functions. Since the main profile of the resonant mode can be well represented by the entire-domain basis function, only small number of subdomain basis functions are needed for further refinement of the representation. Compared with the MoM formulations using only subdomain or entire-domain basis functions, this method is much faster for the same accuracy. Numerical results are given and compared with other methods.
Wnt5a–Rac1–NF-κB Homeostatic Circuitry Sustains Innate Immune Functions in Macrophages (2014)

Macrophages play a critical role in innate immunity. Differentiation Ags present on macrophages such as CD14 orchestrate the first line of defense against infection. The basal/homeostatic signaling scheme that keeps macrophages thus groomed for innate immune functions remains unresolved. Wnt5a-Fz5 signaling being a primordial event during cell differentiation, we examined the involvement of Wnt5a-Fz5 signaling in the maintenance of innate immune functions. In this study, we demonstrate that innate immune functions of macrophages ensue at least partly through a homeostatic Wnt5a-Fz5-NF-κB (p65) circuit, which is Rac1 dependent. The autocrine/paracrine Wnt5a-Fz5-Rac1-p65 signaling cascade not only maintains basal levels of the immune defense modulating IFNs and CD14; it also supports macrophage survival. Wnt5a-Fz5-Rac1 signaling mediated p65 homeostasis in turn sustains Wnt5a expression in a feed-forward mode. The natural immune response of macrophages to Escherichia coli/LPS and virus is accordingly sustained. The depiction of sustenance of innate immune functions as an outcome of a homeostatic Wnt5a-p65 axis unfolds previously unidentified details of immune regulation and provides new insight into homeostatic cell signaling.
Coping with Node Misbehaviors in Ad Hoc Networks: A Multi-dimensional Trust Management Approach (2010)

Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are required to relay data packets to enable communication between other nodes that are not in radio range with each other. However, whether for selfish or malicious reasons, a node may fail to cooperate during the network operations or even attempt to disturb them, both of which have been recognized as misbehaviors. Various trust management schemes have been studied to assess the behaviors of nodes so as to detect and mitigate node misbehaviors inMANETs. Most of existing schemes model a node's trustworthiness along a single dimension, combining all of the available evidence to calculate a single, scalar trust metric. A single measure, however, may not be expressive enough to adequately describe a node's trustworthiness in many scenarios. In this paper, we describe a multi-dimensional framework to evaluate the trustworthiness of MANET node from multiple perspectives. Our scheme evaluates trustworthiness from three perspectives: collaboration trust, behavioral trust, and reference trust. Different types of observations are used to independently derive values for these three trust dimensions. We present simulation results that illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in several scenarios.
Polymer bonded magnets. II. Effect of liquid crystal polymer and surface modification on magneto‐mechanical properties (2000)

Abstract We studied the effect of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and surface modification of neodymium‐iron‐boron (Nd‐Fe‐B) magnetic alloy on the magneto‐mechanical behavior of poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS) bonded Nd‐Fe‐B magnets to accelerate efforts to develop useful thermoplastic magnets with optimal performance. The results indicate that blending the LCP with PPS provides the required balance of properties for the targeted applications. These properties include superior magneto‐mechanical performance at elevated temperatures, minimal melt viscosity at optimal LCP volume fraction, high stiffness, and improved dimensional stability, making the thermoplastic magnets suitable for use at elevated temperatures and in chemically corrosive environments where commercial rare earth alloy magnets are not useable. Enhanced wetting of the magnetic Nd‐Fe‐B powders by the polymers, formation of reinforcing LCP domains, and interactions between the polymers and the magnetic powders are thought to be responsible for the beneficial function of the LCP and Nd‐Fe‐B surface modifier in the PPS bonded Nd‐Fe‐B magnets.
[The safety data sheets of the paint and coatings sector: analysis of the items of most interest to health and safety in the workplace]. (2014)

In conclusion, from the analysis of SDS we found high percentages of inadequacy, especially in sections 7 and 8, the most relevant for the protection of the health and safety of workers.
DESIGN FOR DIAGNOSABILITY AND DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES OF WSI ARRAY ARCHITECTURES (1994)

An efficient fault diagnosis method for defect-tolerant reconfigurable WSI array architectures is proposed. We use a systolic array as an example array architecture. The basic idea is to utilize the vertical scan paths and horizontal scan paths to partition a two-dimensional systolic array under test into disjoint blocks, and each block can then be tested concurrently, thus the testing time is reduced significantly. A modification version of the reconfigurable array called a full serial scan (FSS) array is also proposed to reduce the hardware overhead of the original design. The significance of our approach is providing an efficient two-dimensional reconfigurable systolic array which is easily diagnosable and the yield enhancement of the array is demonstrated. Furthermore, the design approach can be easily extended to other parallel architectures. >
Monochromatic plasma x-ray generator and its applications (1998)

The constructions of a plasma flash x-ray generator having a cold-cathode radiation tube and its application to soft radiography are described. The x-ray generator employs a high- voltage power supply, a low-impedance coaxial transmission line with a gap switch, a high-voltage condenser with a capacity of 0.2 (mu) F, a turbo-molecular pump, a thyristor pulser as a trigger device, and a flash x-ray tube. The high- voltage main condenser is charged up to 60 kV by the power supply, and the electric charges in the condenser are discharged to the tube after triggering the cathode electrode. The flash x-rays are then produced. The x-ray tube is a demountable triode which is connected to the turbo molecular pump with a pressure of approximately 1 mPa. This tube consists of a rod-shaped carbon cathode, a trigger electrode made from a copper wire, a stainless-steel vacuum chamber, insulators, a polyethylene terephthalate x-ray window, and two anode electrodes (targets) of molybdenum and silver. The space between the anode and cathode electrodes had a constant value of approximately 20 mm, and the trigger electrode is set in the center of the cathode electrode. As the electron flows from the cathode electrode are roughly converged to the target by the electric field in the tube, the plasma x-ray source which consists of metal ions and electrons is produced by the target evaporating. Because the bremsstrahlung spectra are absorbed by the monochromatic filter, K-series characteristic x-rays are obtained. Both the tube voltage and current displayed damped oscillations, and their peak values increased according to increases in the charging voltage. In the present work, the peak tube voltage was almost equivalent to the initial charging voltage of the main condenser, and the peak current had a value of about 25 kA with a charging voltage of 60 kV. When the charging voltage was increased, the intensities of the K-series characteristic x-rays increased. Next, the intensities decreased as the monochromatic filter was inserted. Using this quasi-monochromatic plasma flash x- ray generator, we performed high-speed soft radiography with x-ray durations of about 1 microsecond.
Leveraging Mediator Cost Models with Heterogeneous Data Sources. (1997)

Projet RODIN
Equation-based packet marking for Assured Forwarding services (2003)

This paper introduces a new packet marking algorithm that can be used in the context of Assured Forwarding (AF) in the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) framework. The new marking algorithm is called equation-based marking (EBM) and is based on the TCP model in Padhye et al. (1998). EBM is to handle the problems found in other marking schemes regarding fairness among heterogeneous TCP flows through a tight feedback-loop operation and adaptation of the packet marking probability to network conditions. We design a packet marker that uses EBM as the marking algorithm, and evaluate its performance using in-depth simulation. We also prove analytically the correctness of the marking algorithm and compare it with other marking schemes for different network scenarios. Our evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of EBM in providing the required fairness among heterogeneous flows and ensuring protection against nonassured traffic.
A Temperature-Gradient-Induced Failure Mechanism in Metallization Under Fast Thermal Cycling (2008)

In this paper, a novel mechanism is shown to cause the failure evolution in a metallization system under fast temperature cycle stress. The failure evolution is triggered by the lateral temperature distribution across the device, which causes an accumulating plastic deformation of the metallization. The root cause for the deformation emerges at the position of the maximum gradient in temperature.
The degradation of cholesterol by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 10590 under aerobic conditions. (1983)

The metabolic pathway of cholesterol degradation by bacteria has not been completely established. Several possible intermediates have not been identified and many pathway delineations have not involved the use of the cholesterol molecule per se and just one bacterial species. The bacterial degradation of cholesterol by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB has been studied. Major biotransformation products included cholest-5-en-3-one, cholest-4-en-3-one, 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, androsta-1, 4-dien-3-17-dione, cholest-4-en-3-one-26-oic acid, chol-4-en-3-one-24-oic acid, pregn-4-en-3-one-20-carboxylic acid, and pregna-1, 4-dien-3-one-20-carboxylic acid. Studies with selected intermediates have enabled the elucidation of a comprehensive pathway of cholesterol degradation by bacteria.
A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device (2004)

We present an experimental realization of a molecular walking motor built from DNA. The device consists of a biped and a well-defined track\nwhere it walks. Input DNA strands act as a convenient interface to allow precise control of the biped walking forward or backward. Psoralen\nmolecules are attached to the ends of the feet in synthesis. When irradiated, the psoralen molecules cross-link strands covalently, allowing\nunambiguous determination of the state of the walker.
Effect of inclination angle of hydrophobic silicone insulation covered by water drops on its DC performance (2017)

The objective sought through this paper consists in quantifying the effect of the inclination angle relative to the horizontal on the electrical performance of hydrophobic silicone surface covered by water drops with variable number, volume and electrical conductivity, when it is energized in positive and negative polarity of DC. An experimental device allowing the variation of the angle of its slope was made. The tests carried out were supported by a visualization of the insulation flashover electrical discharge using high speed camera. The results presented in this paper show clearly that there are limit values of a quarto influence parameters such as the number of rows of water drops, their volume, their electrical conductivity and the insulation inclination angle, for which its performance is minimal. Furthermore, this study suggests that superior electrical performance in some wet, polluted conditions can be obtained with an optimal choice of inclination angle.
Reducing tail latency using duplication (2019)

Duplication can be a powerful strategy for overcoming stragglers in cloud services, but is often used conservatively because of the risk of overloading the system. We call for making duplication a first-class concept in cloud systems, and make two contributions in this regard. First, we present duplicate-aware scheduling or DAS, an aggressive duplication policy that duplicates every job, but keeps the system safe by providing suitable support (prioritization and purging) at multiple layers of the cloud system. Second, we present the D-Stage abstraction, which supports DAS and other duplication policies across diverse layers of a cloud system (e.g., network, storage, etc.). The D-Stage abstraction decouples the duplication policy from the mechanism, and facilitates working with legacy layers of a system. Using this abstraction, we evaluate the benefits of DAS for two data parallel applications (HDFS, an in-memory workload generator) and a network function (Snort-based IDS cluster). Our experiments on the public cloud and Emulab show that DAS is safe to use, and the tail latency improvement holds across a wide range of workloads.
Modeling, Identification, and Control of a Discrete Variable Stiffness Actuator (DVSA) (2019)

A branch of robotics, variable impedance actuation, along with one of its subfields variable stiffness actuation (VSA) targets the realization of complaint robotic manipulators. In this paper, we present the modeling, identification, and control of a discrete variable stiffness actuator (DVSA), which will be developed for complaint manipulators in the future. The working principle of the actuator depends on the involvement of series and parallel springs. We firstly report the conceptual design of a stiffness varying mechanism, and later the details of the dynamic model, system identification, and control techniques are presented. The dynamic parameters of the system are identified by using the logarithmic decrement algorithm, while the control schemes are based on linear quadratic control (LQR) and computed torque control (CTC), respectively. The numerical simulations are performed for the evaluation of each method, and results showed the good potentialities for the system. Future work includes the implementation of the presented approach on the hardware.