gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pick Your Battles: Interaction Graphs as Population-Level Objectives for Strategic Diversity (2021)

Strategic diversity is often essential in games: in multi-player games, for example, evaluating a player against a diverse set of strategies will yield a more accurate estimate of its performance. Furthermore, in games with non-transitivities diversity allows a player to cover several winning strategies. However, despite the significance of strategic diversity, training agents that exhibit diverse behaviour remains a challenge. In this paper we study how to construct diverse populations of agents by carefully structuring how individuals within a population interact. Our approach is based on interaction graphs, which control the flow of information between agents during training and can encourage agents to specialise on different strategies, leading to improved overall performance. We provide evidence for the importance of diversity in multi-agent training and analyse the effect of applying different interaction graphs on the training trajectories, diversity and performance of populations in a range of games.
Modified Zeeman Hyperfine Spectra Observed inH1andRb87Ground States Interacting with a Nonresonant rf Field (1970)

We have observed new effects in the Zeeman hyperfine spectra of ${\mathrm{H}}^{1}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ when a nonresonant linear radiofrequency field is applied perpendicular to the static field: The Zeeman lines coalesce in some cases; new sideband resonances also appear. A theoretical explanation is given for these effects. Some possible applications for atomic clocks and masers are considered.
CINCO UNIVERSITARIOS RECIBIRAN EL PREMIO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS Y ARTES (1995)

SE PUBLICAN ENTREVISTAS CON LOS CINCO UNIVERSITARIOS GALARDONADOS CON EL PREMIO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS Y ARTES 1995: CINNA LOMNITZ AROSFRAU, DEL INSTITUTO DE GEOFISICA, EN EL AREA DE CIENCIAS FISICO MATEMATICAS; JUAN MIGUEL LOPE BLANCH, DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES FILOLOGICAS, EN EL AREA DE LINGUISTICA Y LITERATURA; LOURIVAL DOMINGOS POSSANI POSTAY, DEL INSTITUTO DE BIOTECNOLOGIA, EN EL AREA FISICO-MATEMATICAS Y NATURALES; FEDERICO SILVA, ARTIFICE DEL ESPACIO ESCULTORICO, EN EL AREA DE BELLAS ARTES, Y RAMON XIRAU, DE LA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS, GALARDONADO EN EL AREA DE HISTORIA, CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y FILOSOFIA. HABLAN SOBRE SU TRABAJO EN SUS RESPECTIVAS AREAS DE ESTUDIO, DE LOS PROYECTOS QUE DESARROLLAN ACTUALMENTE Y DE LO QUE REPRESENTA ESTA DISTINCION. SE ANOTAN SEMBLANZAS DE ESTOS DISTINGUIDOS UNIVERSITARIOS.
Praxiswissen Schweißtechnik (2011)

Dieses Fachbuch stellt alle relevanten und modernen Verfahren der SchweiÃtechnik vor und gibt umfassende Informationen zur anforderungs- und anwendungsgerechten Gestaltung von SchweiÃkonstruktionen. Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen und ein Kapitel zur QualitÃ¤tssicherung geben wichtige Hinweise fÃ¼r die Praxis. Beispiele von SchweiÃnahtberechnungen sind enthalten. Im Anhang befinden sich zahlreiche Einstelltabellen und umfangreiche Angaben zu Normen.In der 4. Auflage wurden neues Bildmaterial praxisgerechter SchweiÃkonstruktionen integriert und konstruktive Anregungen aus dem Kreis der Benutzer berÃ¼cksichtigt. Im Kapitel âSchweiÃnahtberechnungâ werden die Beispiele noch praxisrelevanter und einfacher dargestellt. Der Inhalt Verfahren des SchmelzschweiÃens - Verfahren des PressschweiÃens - LÃ¶ten - Metallkleben - FÃ¼gen durch Umformen - KunststoffschweiÃen - AuftragschweiÃen und Thermisches Spritzen - Thermisches Trennen - Flammrichten - Werkstoffe - SchweiÃnahtberechnung - Darstellung und AusfÃ¼hrung von SchweiÃverbindungen - Anforderungs- und anwendungsgerechte Gestaltung von SchweiÃkonstruktionen - WirtschaftlichkeitsÃ¼berlegungen - QualitÃ¤tssicherung - Gesundheits-, Arbeits- und Brandschutz - Normen und Tabellen Die Zielgruppen Fachleute, die mit schweiÃtechnischen Fragestellungen befasst sind, Maschinenbauingenieure und -techniker in Konstruktion und Arbeitsvorbereitung, Studierende des Maschinen- und Anlagebaus sowie des Bauwesens an Fachhochschulen und Technischen UniversitÃ¤ten Die Autoren Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans J. Fahrenwaldt lehrte an der Hochschule Reutlingen im FB Maschinenbau Werkstoffkunde, WerkstoffprÃ¼fung, Festigkeitslehre und SchweiÃen. Heute ist er als beratender Ingenieur tÃ¤tig. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volkmar Schuler leitete an der FH Ulm das SchweiÃtechniklabor und lehrte die Gebiete Werkstoffkunde und SchweiÃtechnik. Er ist heute als beratender Ingenieur im Steinbeis-Transferzentrum an der Hochschule Ulm fÃ¼r FÃ¼getechnik tÃ¤tig.
FUS-NLS/Transportin 1 Complex Structure Provides Insights into the Nuclear Targeting Mechanism of FUS and the Implications in ALS (2012)

The C-terminal nuclear localization sequence of FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS-NLS) is critical for its nuclear import mediated by transportin (Trn1). Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) related mutations are clustered in FUS-NLS. We report here the structural, biochemical and cell biological characterization of the FUS-NLS and its clinical implications. The crystal structure of the FUS-NLS/Trn1 complex shows extensive contacts between the two proteins and a unique α-helical structure in the FUS-NLS. The binding affinity between Trn1 and FUS-NLS (wide-type and 12 ALS-associated mutants) was determined. As compared to the wide-type FUS-NLS (K(D) = 1.7 nM), each ALS-associated mutation caused a decreased affinity and the range of this reduction varied widely from 1.4-fold over 700-fold. The affinity of the mutants correlated with the extent of impaired nuclear localization, and more importantly, with the duration of disease progression in ALS patients. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the nuclear targeting mechanism of FUS and illustrates the significance of FUS-NLS in ALS.
Vertical distribution of suspended aggregates in the equatorial Pacific (2003)

Marine snow (MS) distribution from the surface to 1000 m depth was determined in the equatorial Pacific using the underwater video profiler during the Etude du Broutage en Zone Equatoriale cruise in fall 1996. The latitudinal transect was carried out at 17 stations along the 180° meridian from 8°S to 8°N during a cold phase of El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Higher MS concentrations were found below the equatorial zone than poleward. At the equator the estimated integrated MS carbon/m**2 in the upper kilometer was 5.7 g/m**2, while both southward and northward (between 1° and 8°) the mean integrated MS carbon was about 2.7 g/m**2. In the upper 50 m the MS carbon was twofold lower than the combined carbon of autotrophic and heterotrophic protists and four times lower than the mesozooplankton carbon biomass, both measured concurrently during the cruise. Different water bodies had different MS content. The highest concentrations were found in the South Equatorial Current, the South Equatorial Counter Current, and the North Equatorial Countercurrent. Tropical waters at the south in the South Subsurface Countercurrents and the warm northern superficial waters had the lowest MS biomass. Mechanistically, a latitudinal "conveyor belt", a poleward divergence of upwelled waters that return to the equator after being downwelled at north and south convergent zones, may partially explain the vertical distribution of particulate matter observed during the studied period.
A Novel Fabry-Perot Cavity Fiber Sensor (2012)

Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity fiber sensors are often used in acceleration, vibration and pressure measurement. When the structure of sensors are similar, there are the same disadvantages exist. A novel design of Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity fiber sensor is described in this paper, which is composed by a non-coating end-face and a holophote. Triple beams interference is formed in the sensor and shows higher sensitivity. In order to demodulate interference signal in great background noise, two photodiodes are connected in series to form short circuit current which delimits the common mode signal. Experimental results are described for the sensor signal responding to the vibration excited by PZT.^p
Oxydation du chlorobenzène sur de nouveaux catalyseurs mésoporeux nanostructurés Pd/MO2 (M: Ti, Zr) (2006)

affiche exposée 2ème Workshop nord-européen, récupération et traitements des rejets industriels de COVs, 23 juin 2006
Current Trends in Tonometry and Tonometer Tip Disinfection (2020)

The majority of AGS providers follow current CDC tonometer disinfection guidelines by shifting to disposable Goldmann tonometer tips. Only a minority of providers who use reusable tonometer tips disinfect with dilute bleach. Continued education on proper tonometer disinfection is critical to prevent eye-care related infection due to improper disinfection.
TFII-I Regulates Induction of Chromosomally Integrated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat in Cooperation with USF (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication is coupled to T-cell activation through its dependence on host cell transcription factors. Despite the enormous sequence variability of these factors, several cis elements for host factors are highly conserved within the 5' long terminal repeats (LTRs) of viruses from AIDS patients; among these is the RBEIII upstream element for the Ras response element binding factor 2 (RBF-2). Here we show that RBF-2 is comprised of a USF1/USF2 heterodimer and TFII-I, which bind cooperatively to RBEIII. Recombinant USF1/USF2 binds to the RBEIII core sequence 160-fold less efficiently than it binds to an E box element, but the interaction with RBEIII is stimulated by TFII-I. Chromosomally integrated HIV-1 LTRs bearing an RBEIII mutation have slightly elevated basal transcription in unstimulated Jurkat cells but are unresponsive to cross-linking of the T-cell receptor or stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Induction is inhibited by dominant interfering USF and TFII-I but not by the dominant negative I-kappaB protein. USF1, USF2, and TFII-I bind to the integrated wild-type LTR in unstimulated cells and become phosphorylated during the induction of transcription upon stimulation with PMA. These results demonstrate that USF1/USF2 and TFII-I interact cooperatively at the upstream RBEIII element and are necessary for the induction of latent HIV-1 in response to T-cell activation signals.
Oncolytic virus therapy for prostate cancer (2009)

The use of replication-competent viruses that can selectively replicate in and destroy neoplastic cells is an attractive strategy for treating cancer. Various oncolytic viruses have been taken to clinical trials since a recombinant virus was first applied to cancer patients a decade ago. The concept of the therapy is simple: infectious virus kills the host cancer cells in the course of viral replication. It is important, however, that the virus does not harm the surrounding normal tissue. Oncolytic viruses can be classified largely into two groups: DNA viruses genetically engineered to achieve cancer specificity (e.g. adenovirus, herpes simplex virus and vaccinia) and RNA viruses of which human is not the natural host (e.g. Newcastle disease virus and reovirus). Prostate cancer has always been one of the major targets of oncolytic virus therapy development. The result of six clinical trials for prostate cancer has been published and several trials are now going on. Forty-eight of 83 (58%) patients evaluated in the phase I studies demonstrated a >25% decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen level without evidence of severe toxicities. The result shows the oncolytic virus therapy is promising toward clinical application. Here, we review the recent advances in the field and summarize the results from clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Polyfluoroarenes via C—F Activation (2011)

Abstract Review: 97 refs.
Timing of Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery at Term and Maternal Perioperative Outcomes (2011)

Tita, Alan T. N. MD, PhD; Landon, Mark MD; Lai, Yinglei PhD; Spong, Catherine Y. MD Author Information
High-temperature electrical conductivity of the xNBT–(1-x)LMT ceramics: verification of Meyer-Neldel rule (2019)

Electrical conductivity behaviour of x(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-(1-x)La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics with x ranging from 0.95 to 0.8 was analysed in the temperature range from 300 K to 800 K at microwaves (1 MHz – 1GHz frequency region). Analysis of calculated DC conductivity parameters has shown that the activation energy changes at about 690 K which could be associated with the phase change in these materials. The logarithm of preexponential factor of DC conductivity changes linearly according to the activation energy, i.e. it follows Meyer-Neldel rule both below and above the phase transition point.
Interpolating light-scattering properties of irregularly shaped, absorbing particles (2018)

Success in developing remote-sensing methods is largely based on adequate modeling of target-particle shapes. In various terrestrial and cosmic applications, submicrometer- and micrometer-sized dust particles appear to have a highly irregular morphology. Light scattering by such irregularly shaped particles can be computed only with a numerical technique that, in practice, is a time-consuming approach, demanding significant computational resources. In this Letter, we discuss an efficient way to accelerate light-scattering computations through interpolation of the numerical results obtained at different levels of material absorption. We find a nonlinear dependence of reflectance, degree of linear polarization, and linear and circular polarization ratios on the imaginary part of refractive index Im(m). Over the range of ΔIm(m)=0.05, the dependence can be satisfactorily described with a cubic polynomial function, whose determination requires exact computations at four different values of Im(m). The light-scattering characteristics at other intermediate values of Im(m) can be inferred with great accuracy via interpolation.
New developments in two-photon analysis of human skin in vivo (2009)

Two-photon imaging of human skin using ultra short laser pulses can be used to obtain information about the state of cells and tissues by means of their natural autofluorescence. Using this method, it is possible to determine whether the normal cell pattern is disturbed or the autofluorescence is influenced by internal or external stimuli. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) can further enhance this providing information about physiological processes, fluorophores (like NAD(P)H, collagen, keratin, elastin, flavins, melanin,...) and external applied probes inside cells and tissue parts. For example the part of the cells metabolism and energy level can be determined by analyzing the NADH regarding its free / bound state and its oxidized / reduced state. The combination of two-photon imaging with FLIM may lead to a better understanding and diagnosis of skin reactions and disorders. We also present some results of in vivo simultaneous collagen and elastin measurements in skin dermis. Changes of dermal collagen and elastin content are characteristic for skin aging as well as for pathological skin conditions.
Thrombosed Arteriovenous Malformations: A Type of Occult Vascular Malformation (1988)

Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the predominant type of occult vascular malformation and do not seem to differ significantly in clinical or radiographic presentation from other types of occult vascular malformations. Thrombosed AVMs and occult vascular malformations occasionally present with symptoms secondary to subacute or occult hemorrhage that requires operation. The histopathology of thrombosed AVMs and occult vascular malformations does not seem to have prognostic significance. Five patients with histologically verified thrombosed AVMs are reported. Two patients had previous incomplete resection of histologically proven thrombosed AVMs and presented with recurrence and bleeding. Two patients presented with seizures and headaches, and one patient presented with hemiparesis and headache. All histology specimens had evidence of hemorrhage. The pathological findings of these lesions seem variable; two specimens contained a mixture of cavernous angioma and AVM. Two previously resected lesions had been defined histologically as thrombosed AVMs. Successful excision of the lesions was accomplished in four patients, and one patient had stereotactic biopsy. The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of lesions seem to add a degree of specificity over computed tomography and angiography. We have found that the literature poorly describes the natural history and histology of these lesions. Conservative management for seizures and headaches due to thrombosed AVMs may not be warranted because of a propensity for hemorrhage and recurrence.
Self‐Enhancement and Self‐Effacement in Reaction to Praise and Criticism: The Case of Multiethnic Youth (2008)

Abstract We conducted research on the independent and interdependent self which points to cultural differences in self‐enhancing versus self‐effacing perspectives. We investigated members of multiethnic, high school, girls' sports teams and their tendencies to interpret praise or criticism in a self‐effacing or self‐enhancing manner. Our analysis is in the spirit of Bruner's conceptualization of narrative as cultural interpretation. This investigation differs from other studies on the independent and interdependent self in several respects: (1) it is naturalistic; (2) it focuses on ethnic differences within a multicultural society, rather than on cross‐national comparison; (3) primary data sources are qualitative (ethnography, journals); (4) we analyzed cultural perspectives of researchers and participants; and (5) its focus is on adolescence. Euro‐American and African American participants shared a more self‐enhancing perspective, while Asian American and Latina participants shared a more self‐effacing perspective. Differing cultural perspectives produced conflict when participants were faced with contrasting interpretations of praise and criticism. [individualism, independence, collectivism, interdependence, sport, adolescence]
Afterglow of zeolite crystals activated by tin atoms Snº (1980)

The afterglow spectra of zeolite monocrystals (30 to 40 μm in size) activated by tin atoms Snº are measured at T = 300 and 80 K. Investigations of the afterglow decay kinetics prove that such decay is determined by an intracenter process, the exitation level lifetime being equal to about τ ≈ 20 μs. The band in afterglow spectrum is identified with the forbidden emission transition 3P00 - 1D2 in Sn0-centres, the possible mechanisms of manifestation of which are discussed here. [Russian Text Ignored.]
Vascular-derived artemin: a determinant of vascular sympathetic innervation? (2007)

Vascular sympathetic innervation is an important determinant of blood pressure and blood flow. The mechanisms that determine vascular sympathetic innervation are not well understood. The present study tests the hypothesis that vascular-derived artemin promotes the development of sympathetic innervation to blood vessels by promoting sympathetic axon growth. RT-PCR and Western analyses indicate that artemin is expressed by cultured vascular smooth muscle and arteries, and artemin coreceptors, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha3 and ret, are expressed by postganglionic sympathetic neurons. The effects of artemin on axon growth were assessed on explants of neonatal rat sympathetic ganglia. In the presence, but not in the absence, of nerve growth factor, exogenous artemin stimulated neurite growth. Femoral arteries (FA) from adult rats contain artemin, and these arteries stimulated sympathetic neurite growth. Growth in the presence of FA was 92.2 +/- 11.9 mm, and that in the absence of FA was 26.3 +/- 5.4 mm (P < 0.05). FA stimulation of axon growth was reduced by an antibody that neutralized the activity of artemin (P < 0.05). These data indicate that artemin is expressed in arteries, and its receptors are expressed and functional in the postganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate them. This suggests that artemin may be a determinant of vascular sympathetic innervation.
Premises and the corporate plan (1988)

Readers of Bernard Williams' recently completed series on premises audits — now updated and published as a book by Bulstrode Press — will be aware of the growing realisation of the importance of that activity in the management of facilities. The audit is not necessarily, however, the first step in premises planning. Although it is an essential part of the process of establishing the status quo , it can be carried out in the absence of a premises policy — nor does it, of itself, establish or lead to the establishment of a premises policy. This article introduces a series which will explore and develop the concept of a premises policy — what it is, how it is produced, when and why it is necessary and, moreover, how the corporate business plan must necessarily impinge upon the premises policy. Whether the premises policy will respond flexibly to the pressures of change, or whether facilities management will be thrown into disarray as a consequence, is clearly going to be a critical factor in the ability of the organisation to carry out its business plan efficiently and effectively.
CW Fiber Laser for Second Harmonic Generation (2011)

We report on a reduced-complexity laser-diode-seeded master-oscillator-power-amplifier setup of a continuous wave fiber laser, with a single-stage ytterbium doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier. The laser is capable of generating up to 7.5 W single-transverse-mode, narrow-linewidth, polarized output suitable for second harmonic generation. The approach used possesses a further power scaling potential.
Does the presence of multiple β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacilli impact the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase confirmation methods? (2020)

Multiple β-lactamases in MDR-GNB does not impact DD results, the utility of mCIM/eCIM tests, or Xpert Carba-R results. However, ESBL algorithms produced inconsistent results and predicting carbapenem resistance from WGS data was problematic in such strains.
Reduction of Base Resistance and Increase in Cutoff Frequency of Si Bipolar Transistor Using Rapid Vapor-Phase Doping (2000)

The shallow intrinsic base region of a double poly-Si self-aligned bipolar transistor was formed by rapid vapor-phase doping (RVD) in order to increase the high-frequency performance, compared to that provided by low-energy BF 2 ion implantation. RVD produced a transistor with f T of 50-GHz and r b of 400-Ω. These parameters are 20% higher and 15% lower than those of a transistor produced by BF 2 implantation. Low base resistance also led to an increase in the maximum oscillation frequency f max to over 40 GHz in transistors with longer emitter. A two-dimensional profile simulation clarified that RVD can form a shallower intrinsic base profile and a deeper link base profile than those formed by BF 2 ion implantation. These doping profiles made it possible to increase f T and f max , and to reduce r b simultaneously.
ENDEMIC ASTHMA DUE TO CASTOR BEAN DUST (1928)

For many years it has been known to Toledo physicians that an asthma colony existed in a certain district of East Toledo. Suspicion had long pointed to a linseed oil mill as being the cause of the trouble, for many of these asthmatic patients asserted that their attacks coincided with the odor of linseed oil from the mill when the wind was in the right direction. Complaints had been made at various times to the city health department, but nothing incriminating the oil mill could be found. The state department of health also made an investigation, but did not learn anything of value con