gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clustering and Beamforming for Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

Energy efficiency is a critical issue for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as sensor nodes have limited power availability. In order to address this issue, this paper tries to maximize the power efficiency in WSNs by means of the evaluation of WSN node networks and their performance when both clustering and antenna beamforming techniques are applied. In this work, four different scenarios are defined, each one considering different numbers of sensors: 50, 20, 10, five, and two nodes per scenario, and each scenario is randomly generated thirty times in order to statistically validate the results. For each experiment, two different target directions for transmission are taken into consideration in the optimization process (φ = 0° and θ = 45°; φ = 45°, and θ = 45°). Each scenario is evaluated for two different types of antennas, an ideal isotropic antenna and a conventional dipole one. In this set of experiments two types of WSN are evaluated: in the first one, all of the sensors have the same amount of power for communications purposes; in the second one, each sensor has a different amount of power for its communications purposes. The analyzed cases in this document are focused on 2D surface and 3D space for the node location. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that beamforming and clustering are simultaneously applied to increase the network lifetime in WSNs.
Acid digestion processes for recovery of rare earth elements from coal and coal byproducts (2023)

A system for recovering rare earth elements from coal ash includes a leaching reactor, an ash dryer downstream of the leaching reactor, and a roaster downstream of the ash dryer that is cooperatively connected to both the leaching reactor and the ash dryer. Coal ash is mixed with an acid stream such that rare earth elements present in the coal ash are dissolved in the acid stream, thereby creating (i) a leachate containing the rare earth elements and (ii) leached ash. The leachate is heated to obtain acid vapor and an acid-soluble rare earth concentrate. Mixing of the coal ash with the acid stream can occur in a leaching reactor and heating of the leachate can occur in a roaster. The acid-soluble rare earth concentrate can be fed to a hydrometallurgical process to separate and purify the rare earth elements.
Implementing aggregation and broadcast over Distributed Hash Tables (2005)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks represent an effective way to share information, since there are no central points of failure or bottleneck. However, the flip side to the distributive nature of P2P networks is that it is not trivial to aggregate and broadcast global information efficiently. We believe that this aggregation/broadcast functionality is a fundamental service that should be layered over existing Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs), and in this work, we design a novel algorithm for this purpose. Specifically, we build an aggregation/broadcast tree in a bottom-up fashion by mapping nodes to their parents in the tree with a parent function. The particular parent function family we propose allows the efficient construction of multiple interior-node-disjoint trees, thus preventing single points of failure in tree structures. In this way, we provide DHTs with an ability to collect and disseminate information efficiently on a global scale. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm is efficient and robust.
The GEM Optimizing Compiler System (1992)

The GEM compiler system is the technology Digital is using to build state-of-the-art compiler products for a variety of languages and hardware/software platforms. Portable, modular software components with carefully specified interfaces simplify the engineering of diverse compilers. A single optimizer, independent of the language and the target platform, transforms the intermediate language generated by the front end into a semantically equivalent form that executes faster on the target machine. The GEM system supports a range of languages and has been successfully retargeted and rehosted for the Alpha AXP and MIPS architectures and for several operating environments. In the past, Digital has made major investments in optimizing compilers that were specifically directed at one hardware platform, namely VAX computers. When Digital began broadening its hardware offerings to include reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architectures, it became clear that new optimization technology was needed, as well as a new strategy for leveraging investments in compiler technology across an increasing number of hardware platforms. This paper presents a technical description of the GEM compiler technology that Digital uses to generate compiler products for a wide range of hardware and software combinations. We begin with an explanation of the GEM strategy of leveraging investments by using portable, modular software components to build compiler products. The bulk of the paper describes the GEM optimizer and code generator technologies, with a focus on how they address challenges posed by the Alpha AXP architecture.[1] We then move to a discussion of compiler engineering and conclude with an overview of some planned enhancements to the software.
Theoretical Analysis for the Condensation Heat Transfer of a Binary Vapor Mixture under the Thermal Equilibrium Condition. (1992)

The condensation heat transfer of ethanol-water binary vapor mixture is theoretically examined with regard to the assumption of thermal equilibrium in the vapor boundary layer. If the vapor in the boundary layer is subcooled, liquid droplets appear. Under this condition, the effects of the temperature difference between the wall and ambient, and the ambient ethanol mole fraction, on the heat transfer process are investigated. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient under equilibrium conditions decreases from that obtained without droplet formation (nonequilibrium) according to the total amount of the generated liquid droplets.
Therapeutic Dendritic Cell Vaccination of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2008)

Therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) vaccination against cancer is a strategy aimed at activating the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells. In this nonrandomized phase 1/2 trial, we investigated the safety, feasibility, induction of T-cell response, and clinical response after treatment with a DC-based vaccine in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Twenty-seven patients with progressive cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma were vaccinated with DCs loaded with either a cocktail of survivin and telomerase peptides or tumor lysate depending on their HLA-A2 haplotype, and low-dose IL-2 was administered concomitantly. Tumor response, immune response, and serum IL-6 and YKL-40 were measured during treatment. Vaccine generation was successful in all patients and no serious adverse events were observed. None of the patients had an objective response but 13/27 patients obtained disease stabilization (SD) for more than 8 weeks. An antigen-specific immune response was demonstrated in 6/6 patients tested. Furthermore, significant alterations in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 were found during treatment. In conclusion, DC vaccination in our setting is feasible and without severe toxicity. Almost half of the patients obtained SD, and in more than 1/3 of the patients, SD persisted for more than 6 months. However, the evaluation of SD is difficult to interpret in the absence of a randomized trial and, therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution. Antigen-specific immune responses were observed in a subset of the treated patients.
Interfacial Properties of Fully Condensed Functional Silsesquioxane: A Langmuir Monolayer Study (2014)

We have studied interfacial properties of fully condensed octakis[{2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)etyl}dimethylsilyloxy]octasilsesquioxane (OE-POSS). The surface pressure–area isotherm obtained in a Langmuir trough together with Brewster angle microscopy indicated formation of a stable, homogeneous liquid-like monolayer. For low molecular areas, the monolayer undergoes a stepwise collapse showing unusual multilayer morphology. A collapse mechanism is proposed to be a consequence of progressive decrease in the distance between silicon–oxygen cages after reorganization of side groups. Hysteresis experiment showed incomplete respreading of small aggregates and successive decrease in molecular areas. Relaxation measurements indicated a slight impact of desorption and molecular rearrangements on the monolayer stability. Interfacial rheology was investigated for compressional deformation of the air/water interface. Both components of surface dilational modulus (elastic, E′, and viscous, E″) were determined by the oscillating barriers method. With increasing frequency, E′ decreased while E″ increased almost linearly. The loss angle tangent indicated elastic response of the monolayer in the range of low deformation rates and viscous behavior when subjected to fast deformation. The rheological behavior of the monolayer is also strongly affected by the collapse mechanism that begins at 20 mN/m.
How different are luminal A and basal breast cancers? (2008)

Heterogeneity of breast cancer makes its evolution difficult to predict, and its treatment far from being optimal. At least 5 main molecular subtypes exist. Two major subtypes are luminal A and basal subtypes, which have opposite features, notably survival. To characterize these 2 subtypes better, with the hope of better understanding their different biology and clinical outcome, we have profiled a series of 138 tumours (80 luminal A and 58 basal) using Affymetrix whole-genome DNA microarrays. We have identified 5,621 probe sets as differentially expressed between the 2 subtypes in our series. These differences were validated in 6 independent public series (more than 600 tumours) profiled using different DNA microarrays platforms. Analysis of functions and pathways related to these probe sets, and the extent of the observed differences, confirmed that the 2 subtypes represent very distinct entities. Genes associated with proliferation, cell cycle, cell motility, angiogenesis, and NFkB signalling were overexpressed in basal tumours. Genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, TGFB signalling, and oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling were overexpressed in luminal A samples. Half of the genes overexpressed in luminal tumours contained ER-binding sites. The number of differentially expressed genes was as high as the set of genes discriminating 2 cancers of different anatomical origin (breast and colon) or discriminating acute myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia. We provide a comprehensive list of genes/pathways that define potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets for these 2 subtypes, which should be treated differently given the profound differences observed at the molecular level.
Unravelling Li-Ion Transport from Picoseconds to Seconds: Bulk versus Interfaces in an Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl–Li2S All-Solid-State Li-Ion Battery (2016)

One of the main challenges of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries is the restricted power density due to the poor Li-ion transport between the electrodes via the electrolyte. However, to establish what diffusional process is the bottleneck for Li-ion transport requires the ability to distinguish the various processes. The present work investigates the Li-ion diffusion in argyrodite Li6PS5Cl, a promising electrolyte based on its high Li-ion conductivity, using a combination of (7)Li NMR experiments and DFT based molecular dynamics simulations. This allows us to distinguish the local Li-ion mobility from the long-range Li-ion motional process, quantifying both and giving a coherent and consistent picture of the bulk diffusion in Li6PS5Cl. NMR exchange experiments are used to unambiguously characterize Li-ion transport over the solid electrolyte-electrode interface for the electrolyte-electrode combination Li6PS5Cl-Li2S, giving unprecedented and direct quantitative insight into the impact of the interface on Li-ion charge transport in all-solid-state batteries. The limited Li-ion transport over the Li6PS5Cl-Li2S interface, orders of magnitude smaller compared with that in the bulk Li6PS5Cl, appears to be the bottleneck for the performance of the Li6PS5Cl-Li2S battery, quantifying one of the major challenges toward improved performance of all-solid-state batteries.
Current treatment options in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension and experiences with oral bosentan (2006)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by vasoconstriction and progressive remodelling of the pulmonary arterial wall leading to right ventricular failure and death. Idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and PAH associated with congenital heart defects account for the majority of paediatric patients with PAH. During the last few decades, several pharmacological approaches have been introduced, including calcium channel-blockers (CCBs), prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists and, most recently, phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This paper reviews the treatment options available to children with a special focus on the initial experience with bosentan. Although CCBs have been shown to increase survival in IPAH, the beneficial effect appears to be limited to a small number of patients, defined as 'responders' to the vasoreactivity testing. With the availability of prostacyclin (intravenous epoprostenol) and then prostacyclin analogues, the treatment options have increased markedly and particularly in patients who have not responded to conventional therapy. Although epoprostenol has been shown to be efficacious in PAH, the drug is not ideal owing to serious complications arising from the invasive mode of application, particularly in children. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors have also shown beneficial effects. Targeting the endothelin (ET) system with the oral, dual ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, bosentan has been demonstrated to improve the cardiopulmonary haemodynamics, exercise capacity, quality-of-life and survival in adult patients with PAH. Specific ET(A) antagonists may also present the same beneficial profile. Recent experience with bosentan in paediatric patients with PAH indicates that the results obtained in adult patients may be extrapolated to children, thus offering a safe and effective therapy that is easy to administer.
Reformar la ortografía o reformar la enseñanza de la ortografía (2000)

The annual meeting of this body is always looked forward to by its members with great interest, and it is rare to find any col lege, however distant, but has its representative present.This was peculiarly true of the recent session held at Niagara.This con vened on the morning of July 28 with a full attendance.It was not anticipated that this meeting would result in any changes in the general order adopted last year, and, in view of this, a short session was anticipated.The results demonstrated that the unexpected happens, for this body did not reach a final adjourn ment until August 3, the longest period in its history.This prolongation of the sessions was not due to any extraor dinary amount of business, but to the necessity for frequent ad journments to allow committees to complete their work, and espe cially that of the Conference Committee appointed to meet with a similar committee appointed by the National Association of Dental Examiners.The feeling in the Faculties at the opening of the first session was one of extreme bitterness towards the National Association of Examiners, and a disposition was manifested in the Faculties to defend the legal rights of the colleges to the last extremity.This feeling was evidently reflected upon the other National body, and resulted in an official request that a Committee of Conference be appointed.This was finally acceded to, and after repeated ses sions of the joint committee an harmonious conclusion was reached and finally adopted by the two national organizations.This was not accomplished without considerable friction in both associations, resulting, on the part of the Examiners, in the withdrawal of the New Jersey State Board.The conclusions arrived at places the National Association of Dental Examiners and the National Association of Dental Fac ulties upon the same educational basis.The former accepts the position of the latter and agrees, as far as lies in its power, to with draw all suits now pending and, as far as possible, retract charges of disreputability made against several colleges.This conclusion of the two organizations was a most satisfactory solution of a diffi cult problem, and if no other good was accomplished by the meet ings at Niagara this alone compensated for the expenditure of time, strength, and money, for it ends, for the time being, serious litiga
Wiegand and Pulse Cored Induction Coil‐Wire Sensors (1995)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Physical Principles Wiegand Sensors Pulse Wires Amorphous Wires Applications References
SPECIAL semi‐LASER with lipid artifact compensation for 1H MRS at 7 T (2012)

The measurement of full metabolic profiles at ultrahigh fields including low concentrated or fast-relaxing metabolites is usually achieved by applying short echo time sequences. One sequence beside stimulated echo acquisition mode that was proposed in this regard is spin echo full intensity-acquired localized spectroscopy. Typical problems that are still persistent for spin echo full intensity-acquired localized spectroscopy are B(1) inhomogeneities especially for signal acquisition with surface coils and chemical shift displacement artifacts due to limited B(1) amplitudes when using volume coils. In addition, strong lipid contaminations in the final spectrum can occur when only a limited number of outer volume suppression pulses is used. Therefore, an adiabatic short echo time (= 19 ms) spin echo full intensity-acquired localized spectroscopy semilocalization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is presented that is less sensitive to strong B(1) variations and that offers increased excitation and refocusing pulse bandwidths than regular spin echo full intensity acquired localized spectroscopy. Furthermore, the existence of the systematic lipid artifact is identified and linked to unfavorable effects due to the preinversion localization pulse. A method to control this artifact is presented and validated in both phantom and in vivo measurements. The viability of the proposed sequence was further assessed for in vivo measurements by scanning 17 volunteers using a surface coil and moreover acquiring additional volume coil measurements. The results show well-suppressed lipid artifacts, good signal-to-noise ratio, and reproducible fitting results in accordance with other published studies.
Полнопрофильный рентгенофазовый анализ состава электролита алюминиевого производства на основе мультипопуляционного эволюционного алгоритма и данных элементного анализа (2018)

Разработан метод количественного рентгенофазового анализа (КРФА) на основе&#13;\nсамоконфигурируемого мультипопуляционного параллельного генетического алгоритма (СГА),&#13;\nкоторый успешно применен для бесстандартного автоматического полнопрофильного анализа&#13;\nобразцов электролита алюминиевых электролизеров. Метод позволяет избежать работы&#13;\nпо эмпирическому выбору настроек генетического алгоритма и показывает достаточную&#13;\nточность автоматического КРФА по методу Ритвельда под управлением СГА (полученные&#13;\nзначения криолитового отношения соответствуют аттестованным значениям с точностью,&#13;\nхарактеризуемой стандартным отклонением всего 0,035 ед. КО), а также возможность&#13;\nего использования для оперативного контроля состава электролита на алюминиевом&#13;\nпроизводстве
Interactive Fringe Analysis System: Applications To Moire Contourogram And Interferogram (1982)

A general purpose fringe pattern processing facility was developed in order to analyze moire photographs used for scoliosis diagnoses and interferometric patterns in optical shops. A TV camera reads a fringe profile to be analyzed, and peaks of the fringe are detected by a microcomputer. Fringe peak correction and fringe order determination are performed with the man-machine interactive software developed. A light pen facility and an image digitizer are employed for interaction. In the case of two-dimensional fringe analysis, we analyze independently analysis lines parallel to each other and a reference line perpendicular to the parallel analysis lines. Fringe orders of parallel analysis lines are uniquely determined by using the fringe order of the reference line. Some results of analysis of moire contourograms, interferometric testing of silicon wafers, and holographic measurement of thermal deformation are presented.
The effect of multimodal analgesia on intraoperative morphine requirement in lumbar spine surgeries (2017)

Preemptive MMA has demonstrated significant morphine sparing effect intraoperatively in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.
Analysis of Crude Oils by Frequency Domain Spectroscopy—Effect of Composition and Physical Properties on Conductivity and Dielectric Response (2011)

The dielectric properties and the composition of fourteen light to heavy crude oils have been analyzed. Frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) has been used in order to determine their dielectric response in the frequency range 0.01 to 1000 Hz. For all the crude oils, over the whole frequency range under study, dielectric loss, ϵ″, shows a linear dependence of frequency indicating a pure direct current (DC) conductivity. As temperature is gradually increased, the dielectric loss, ϵ″, increases as well, showing a strong temperature dependence. The storage modulus, ϵ′, shows an explicit behaviour at low frequency that could be due to adsorption of oil components onto the electrodes. We tried to correlate some physical and chemical properties (density, viscosity, SARA, TAN, water content) of the studied crude oils with their conductivity measured at various temperatures. No correlation was found and different hypothesis are suggested by the authors to explain this phenomenon.
Machine-learning-enhanced variable-angle truss model to predict the shear capacity of RC elements with transverse reinforcement (2023)

This contribution presents a numerical model for the shear capacity prediction of reinforced concrete (RC) elements with transverse reinforcement. The proposed model originates from one of the most popular mechanical models adopted in building codes, namely the variable-angle truss model. Starting from the formulation proposed in the Eurocode 2, two empirical coefficients governing the concrete contribution (i.e., the shear capacity ascribed to crushing of compressed struts) are adjusted and enriched through machine learning, in such a way to improve the predictive efficiency of the model against experimental results. More specifically, genetic programming is used to derive closed-form expressions of the two corrective coefficients, thus facilitating the use of this model for practical purposes. The proposed expressions are validated by comparison with a wide set of experimental results collected from the literature concerning RC beams and columns failing in shear under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions, respectively. It is demonstrated that the proposed formulation, thanks to the two novel corrective coefficients, not only attains higher accuracy than the original Eurocode 2 formulation, but also outperforms many other existing design code provisions while preserving a sound mechanical basis.