gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Coumarin-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids Obtained from Natural Furocoumarin Peucedanin (2019)

Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-substituted coumarins and also 1,2,3-triazolyl or 1,2,3-triazolylalk-1-inyl-linked coumarin-2,3-furocoumarin hybrids was performed by employing the cross-coupling and copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction approaches. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i>, <i>Bacillius</i> <i>subtilis</i>, <i>Actinomyces</i> <i>viscosus</i> and <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> bacterial strains. Coumarin-benzoic acid hybrids <b>4с</b>, <b>42с</b> and 3-((4-acetylamino-3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)ethynyl)coumarin (<b>29</b>) showed promising activity against <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> strains, and the 1,2,3-triazolyloct-1-inyl linked coumarin-2,3-furocoumarin hybrid <b>37c</b> was endowed with high selectivity against <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>E. coli</i> species. The in vitro antibacterial activity of <b>4с</b>, <b>29</b>, <b>37c</b> and <b>42с</b> can potentially be compared with that of a number of modern antibiotic drugs used in the clinic, suggesting promising prospects for further research. A detailed study of the molecular interactions with the targeted protein MurB was performed using docking simulations and the obtained results are quite promising.
Development of a Scalelable Interconnection Technology for Nano Packaging (2005)

Microelectronics miniaturization is following Moore?s law since the mid sixties and over the years it has always been possible to follow it without meeting fundamental technological limits. This might be in question for future applications, where SIA roadmap shows a red brick wall for the further development of microelectronics without fundamentally new approaches. These new approaches as single atom and CNT based transistors do all target on maximum integration on chip level, leading to increased interconnect density and thus to a miniaturization of the individual contact. Parallel to the miniaturization of the interconnects the development of scaleable interconnect technology is necessary, providing reliable infrastructure for future packaging needs. At Fraunhofer IZM various approaches towards a scaleable interconnect technology are researched. This paper will describe the development of reactive interconnects, i.e. contacts that need no external energy source, but release the energy for solder interconnect formation by exothermic reaction of a nano-enhanced encapsulant. Potential areas of application are interconnection of thermally sensitive devices as bio sensors or interconnection on low cost substrates, e.g. for the smart card applications or the expanding RF ID tag market. The current status of technological developments for the realization of reactive interconnects is described, including interconnect bumping, reactant application and interconnect formation. These technological processes are backed by thermal simulation. Summarized, this paper shows the potential of reactive interconnects being a "drop in" solution that not only allows the cost effective packaging of today?s µscale ICs but also tomorrows nano-scale devices.
The Determination of Amylo-1,6-Glucosidase (1967)

Amylo-1,6-glucosidase has been measured by seven methods which have been compared. Some of them allow the separate determination of either the transglycosylation or of the hydrolytic step catalysed by the enzyme, whereas others measure the overall reaction. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Artemisinin versus Nonartemisinin Combination Therapy for Uncomplicated Malaria: Randomized Clinical Trials from Four Sites in Uganda (2005)

AQ + AS was the most efficacious regimen for preventing recrudescence, but this benefit was outweighed by an increased risk of new infection. Considering all recurrent infections, the efficacy of AQ + SP was at least as efficacious at all sites and superior to AQ + AS at the highest transmission sites. The high endemicity of malaria in Africa may impact on the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy. The registration number for this trial is ISRCTN67520427 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/trial/|/0/67520427.html).
Regulator of G‐protein signaling 6 (RGS6) promotes anxiety and depression by attenuating serotonin‐mediated activation of the 5‐HT 1A receptor‐adenylyl cyclase axis (2014)

Targeting serotonin (5-HT) bioavailability with selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remains the most widely used treatment for mood disorders. However, their limited efficacy, delayed onset of action, and side effects restrict their clinical utility. Endogenous regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins have been implicated as key inhibitors of 5-HT(1A)Rs, whose activation is believed to underlie the beneficial effects of SSRIs, but the identity of the specific RGS proteins involved remains unknown. We identify RGS6 as the critical negative regulator of 5-HT(1A)R-dependent antidepressant actions. RGS6 is enriched in hippocampal and cortical neurons, 5-HT(1A)R-expressing cells implicated in mood disorders. RGS6(-/-) mice exhibit spontaneous anxiolytic and antidepressant behavior rapidly and completely reversibly by 5-HT(1A)R blockade. Effects of the SSRI fluvoxamine and 5-HT(1A)R agonist 8-OH-DPAT were also potentiated in RGS6(+/-) mice. The phenotype of RGS6(-/-) mice was associated with decreased CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus and cortex, implicating enhanced Gα(i)-dependent adenylyl cyclase inhibition as a possible causative factor in the behavior observed in RGS6(-/-) animals. Our results demonstrate that by inhibiting serotonergic innervation of the cortical-limbic neuronal circuit, RGS6 exerts powerful anxiogenic and prodepressant actions. These findings indicate that RGS6 inhibition may represent a viable means to treat mood disorders or enhance the efficacy of serotonergic agents.
The amino alcohol MeN(CH2CMe2OH)2 (2017)

The crystal structure, including a graph-set analysis, of 1-[(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)methylamino]-2-methylpropan-2-ol, C 9 H 21 NO 2 , is reported. The structure is characterized by unsymmetrical intra- and intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bridges, giving rise to the formation of an infinite polymer consisting of eight-membered rings arranged in zigzag chains running along the a axis.
Polymerization in Nanometer-Sized Fibers:  Molecular Packing Order and Polymerizability (2000)

The bolaform 1-glucosamide 1 and its deacetylated derivative 2 (N,N‘-bis(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)deca-4,6-diyne-1,10-dicarboxamide and N,N‘-bis(β-d-glucopyranosyl)deca-4,6-diyne-1,10-dicarboxamide, respectively) have been synthesized and their self-assembled structures investigated. The hydrophobic peracetylated derivative 1 formed an organogel from solution in boiling ethyl acetate/n-hexane mixtures on cooling to room temperature. In contrast, 2 produced fibrous assemblies from aqueous solution on addition of THF via vapor diffusion. Energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) revealed the formation of nanometer-sized fibers (nanofibers) with widths of between 6 and 20 nm and more than 50 nm for 1 and 2, respectively. The amide and sugar hydroxyl groups in 2 allow formation of stronger, multiple hydrogen bond networks in the nanofiber than for 1. Powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that fibers derived from 2 displayed a higher molecular packing order than those from 1. Exposure of a dispersion of either nanofiber to UV light resulted in the appearance of a red coloration. While the UV-irradiated nanofibers of 1 were readily soluble in CHCl3, those of 2 required peracetylation to allow dissolution. Subsequent gel permeation chromatography for the UV-irradiated nanofibers displayed peak-top molecular weights corresponding to 13-mer and 64-mer for 1 and 2, respectively. On the basis of EF-TEM observation, no significant morphological changes in the fibers were found after UV-initiated polymerization. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the polymerization proceeds efficiently within the nanofiber morphologies with higher molecular packing order leading to a higher degree of polymerization to give π-conjugated polymer chains.
Requirements validation by lifting retrenchments in B (2004)

Simple retrenchment is briefly reviewed in the B specification language of J.-R. Abrial (1996) as a liberalization of classical refinement, for the formal description of application developments too demanding for refinement. The looser relationships allowed by retrenchment between adjacent models in the development process may capture some of the requirements information of the development. This can make requirements validation more difficult to understand since the locus of requirements should be the models, and not their interrelationships, as far as possible. Hence the universal construction by Banach (2000), originally proposed for simple transition systems, is reformulated in B, in order to "lift" a given retrenchment conceptually, thus retracting such requirements information back to the level of abstraction of the abstract, ideal model. Examples demonstrate the cognitive value of retracting requirements to the abstract level, articulated in a well-understood formal language. This is also seen to yield a more understandable way of comparing alternative retrenchment designs. Some new B syntax in the pre- and postcondition style is presented to facilitate expression of the lifted requirements.
Closed-loop measurement of equipment efficiency and equipment capacity (1997)

Formal definitions for the components of efficiency and capacity, mathematical formulas for computing overall efficiency, and data collection strategies are proposed for rigorous measurement of equipment efficiency and equipment capacity. Measurement of overall equipment efficiency (OEE) under the TPM paradigm is extended to support the maintenance of capacity parameters for production planning. The weaknesses or equipment analyzes based on utilization and aggregate UPH (units per hour) figures are contrasted against the robustness of the proposed approach. Applications in semiconductor factories are discussed.
240 Gbit/s Silicon Photonic Mach-Zehnder Modulator Enabled by Two 2.3-Vpp Drivers (2020)

We recently reported for the first time 200 Gbit/s/λ net rate data transmission with a single silicon photonic modulator in an intensity modulation direct detection link. Our demonstration relied on an in-house designed, O-band segmented-electrode MZM. In this article, we detail the optimization of the modulator driving scheme, bandwidth/efficiency trade-off and modulation format enabling this result. We use two single-ended RF signals, each having 2.3-Vpp amplitude only, to drive two 1.5-mm modulator segments and transmit data at 80 Gbaud PAM-8 (240 Gbit/s) across 2 km under the 20% soft-decision forward error correction BER threshold of 2E-02. We further decrease the BER using maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), and discuss the related implications. Additionally, we present the system margins regarding modulator drive voltage, received optical power and equalizer taps. At 240 Gbit/s line rate, the modulator energy consumption is only 73 fJ/bit at the SD-FEC threshold. We finally discuss practical implementation considerations for our system.
Investigating Search Engine Optimization Factors in Media Websites (2015)

Rapidly evolving digital technologies across the last two decades have undeniably caused great changes in the field of journalism. The development of online journalism has affected the processes of journalistic work, creating at the same time new techniques and practices. On the internet, search engines still drive a great amount of traffic to news websites. For that reason, factors such as visibility and high ranking on search engines’ results pages remain crucially important for media organizations. Nowadays, journalists or Web editors should be able to write and create appropriate content for the Web. This paper discusses in detail the impact of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) on digital journalism. Through a quantitative analysis, a survey concerning Greek media websites is presented. The aim was twofold: on the one hand, to find out to what extent the use of SEO affects the traffic of a media website whilst, on the other hand, to discover to what degree media professionals in Greece utilize the possibilities given through search engines in order to increase traffic. Finally, a number of SEO elements and practices often used in news content are noted.
The torque pulsation analysis of a starter generator with concentrated windings based hybrid electric vehicles (2003)

In hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), the emissions of HEV are affected by the start torque performances of the starter generators (SG) greatly. Due to the limitation of vehicle space, usually they are made for flat shape. To improve the output torque and efficiency of the SG, the stator windings are designed into concentrated windings, however the torque ripple will be increased greatly. In this paper, the torque ripple of the SG with concentrated windings is analyzed. A two dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) method along with an average technique is used to evaluate the torque ripple. To reduce the torque ripple, three SG with different structures are designed. Considering the practice the integrated evaluation is provided.
Basic primitives for molecular diagram sketching (2010)

A collection of primitive operations for molecular diagram sketching has been developed. These primitives compose a concise set of operations which can be used to construct publication-quality 2 D coordinates for molecular structures using a bare minimum of input bandwidth. The input requirements for each primitive consist of a small number of discrete choices, which means that these primitives can be used to form the basis of a user interface which does not require an accurate pointing device. This is particularly relevant to software designed for contemporary mobile platforms. The reduction of input bandwidth is accomplished by using algorithmic methods for anticipating probable geometries during the sketching process, and by intelligent use of template grafting. The algorithms and their uses are described in detail.
Stretchable, Transparent, and Thermally Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solvent‐Free Ion‐Conducting Elastomer Electrodes (2020)

Abstract The development of stretchable/soft electronics requires power sources that can match their stretchability. In this study, a highly stretchable, transparent, and environmentally stable triboelectric nanogenerator with ionic conductor electrodes (iTENG) is reported. The ion‐conducting elastomer (ICE) electrode, together with a dielectric elastomer electrification layer, allows the ICE‐iTENG to achieve a stretchability of 1036% and transmittance of 91.5%. Most importantly, the ICE is liquid solvent‐free and thermally stable up to 335 °C, avoiding the dehydration‐induced performance degradation of commonly used hydrogels. The ICE‐iTENG shows no decrease in electrical output even after storing at 100 °C for 15 h. Biomechanical motion energies are demonstrated to be harvested by the ICE‐iTENG for powering wearable electronics intermittently without extra power sources. An ICE‐iTENG‐based pressure sensor is also developed with sensitivity up to 2.87 kPa −1 . The stretchable ICE‐iTENG overcomes the strain‐induced performance degradation using percolated electrical conductors and liquid evaporation‐induced degradation using ion‐conducting hydrogels/ionogels, suggesting great promising applications in soft/stretchable electronics under a relatively wider temperature range.
Association study of DTNBP1 with schizophrenia in a US sample (2009)

This study shows that DTNBP1 is a risk gene for schizophrenia in EAs. Variation at DTNBP1 may modify risk for schizophrenia in this population.
An artificial neural network for motion detection and speed estimation (1990)

An artificial neural network with nonlinear spatiotemporal features performing motion detection (i.e. speed estimation and direction selection) is introduced. The input to the network is a moving visual pattern, and the output is the direction of motion (directional selectivity) and an estimate of the velocity magnitude (speed estimation). To carry out the process, the network utilizes three layers. The first layer performs spatiotemporal processing using a difference-of-Gaussians spatial filter and a bandpass differentiating temporal filter. In the second layer, nonlinear spatiotemporal operations extract features pertinent to the estimation of speed-in the form of spikelike trains-and directional selectivity. The third layer provides connections and nodes where directional selectivity is implemented, and an estimate of the speed is formed by temporally processing the spikelike trains provided by the second layer. Computer simulations of a one-dimensional application of the network are presented, illustrating the responses to moving spots and edges with a number of velocity profiles. The fundamental limitations on the proposed network are explored as well
Using associators to generate ensemble biclustering from multiple evolved biclusterings (2014)

Biclustering is a data mining technique that performs clustering of the rows and columns of a matrix simultaneously. An associator is a numerical measure of how closely associated two objects should be. Ensemble methods integrate information from multiple solutions to generate superior solutions. A simple evolutionary algorithm to quickly locate multiple biclusterings of synthetic test data. The good submatrices of these biclusterings are then used as associators. Associators are accumulated across many runs of the evolutionary algorithm to create a master association matrix. This matrix is then used, via simultaneous hierarchical clustering, to create a final ensemble biclustering. Results are presenting on tuning the evolutionary algorithm as well as for the overall biclustering algorithm. The algorithm correctly locates planted clusters in the data, providing proof of concept for the ensemble technique. The technique is modular with the evolutionary algorithm, fitness function, and ensemble integration technique all easily swapped for other techniques.
Self‐Assembling of Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Self-Assembling of CNTs by van der Waals Forces Self-Assembling of CNTs by Specific Chemical Interactions Self-Assembling of CNTs by Charge Transfer Interactions Self-Assembling of CNTs by DNA Pairing Self-Assembling of CNTs by Asymmetric Functionalization Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References
Frequency-mixing detection (FMD) of polarization-modulated light (1976)

When a light beam whose polarization and intensity are weakly modulated at a frequency ωm passes through a periodic analyzer of frequency ωa(≪ωm) and the transmitted flux is linearly detected, the resulting total signal St consists of two components: (i) a periodic baseband signal Sbb with harmonics of frequencies nωa(n = 0,1,2,…) and (ii) an amplitude-modulated-carrier signal δSmc with center (carrier) frequency ωm and sideband frequencies at ωm ± nωa(n = 1,2,…). In this paper we show that the average polarization of the beam is determined by a limited spectral analysis of Sbb, whereas the polarization and intensity modulation are determined by a limited spectral analysis of δSmc, or the associated envelope signal δSe, where δSmc = δSe cosωmt. The theory of this frequency-mixing detection (FMD) of polarization modulation is developed for an arbitrary periodic analyzer. The specific case of a rotating analyzer is considered as an example. Applications of FMD include the retrieval of information impressed on light beams as polarization modulation in optical communication systems, and the automation of modulated ellipsometry, AIDER (angle-of-incidence-derivative ellipsometry and reflectometry), and modulated generalized ellipsometry.
Seroreactivity to Human Papillomavirus Types 16, 18, 31, and 45 Virus‐Like Particles in a Case‐Control Study of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (1999)

Serum IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, and 45 virus-like particles were measured in a nested case-control study of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. HPV-16 seroreactivity was strongly associated with HPV-16 DNA detection (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.4-19.4), and similar type specificity was observed for HPV-31 and -45. In contrast, seroreactivity to any type was associated with elevated seroreactivity to all others. Among cases and controls, HPV-16 showed the highest seroprevalence, with 23.8% of 80 cases and 10.5% of 258 controls seroreactive to HPV-16 alone, and another 27.5% and 5.4%, respectively, seroreactive to HPV-16 plus other types. Overall, 24 (30.0%) cases and 17 (6.6%) controls were seroreactive to multiple types. These data suggest that seroreactivity to a given type reflects mainly type-specific HPV infection as measured by DNA detection and may also signal past exposure to other types that are now only serologically detected.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delays rapid eye movement sleep (1998)

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising new treatment for patients with major depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the antidepressive action of rTMS are widely unclear. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. In the present study we demonstrate that rTMS delays the first REM sleep epoch on average by 17 min (102.6 +/-22.5 min vs 85.7+/-18.8 min; p < 0.02) and prolongs the nonREM-REM cycle length (109.1+/-11.4 min vs 101.8+/-13.2min, p< 0.012). These rTMS-induced changes in REM sleep variables correspond to findings observed after pharmacological and electroconvulsive treatment of depression. Therefore, it is likely that the capability of rTMS to affect circadian and ultradian biological rhythms contributes to its antidepressive action.
Direct manipulation of blendshapes using a sketch-based interface (2018)

We introduce a method that localizes the direct manipulation of blendshape models for facial animation with a customized sketch-based interface. Direct manipulation methods address the problem of cumbersome weight editing process using the traditional tools with a practical "pin-and-drag" operation directly on the 3D facial models. However, most of the direct manipulation methods have a global deformation impact, which lead to unintuitive and unexpected results. To this end, we propose a new way to localize the theory of direct manipulation method, using geodesic circles for confining the edits to the local geometry. Inspired by artists' brush painting on canvas, we additionally introduce a sketch-based interface as an application that provides direct manipulation and produces expressive facial poses efficiently and intuitively. Our method allows the artists to simply sketch directly onto the 3D facial model and automatically produces the expeditious manipulation until the desired facial pose is obtained. We show that localized blendshape direct manipulation has the potential to reduce the time-consuming blendshape editing process to an easy freehand stroke drawing.
Spectroscopic Study of the Fermi Level Electronic Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2001)

The electronic structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is investigated by transmission spectroscopy of thin films. Hole-doping of SWNTs, as a result of purification, leads to free carrier absorption in the far-IR spectral range. Thermal cycling de-dopes SWNTs, transferring spectral weight from the far-IR to the interband transitions in the near-IR spectral range. After the nanotubes are de-doped, a diameter dependent peak in the far-IR is apparent at ∼100 cm-1, which we ascribe to a curvature induced energy gap in the DOS of nonarmchair metallic SWNTs.