gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved performance of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with a mixed host system (2009)

We have investigated a relationship between device performances and host properties in the emissive layer (EML) of iridium(III) bis(4′,6′-difluorophenylpyridinato)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate doped blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). We found that the recombination zone as well as charge carrier injection properties of the EML could be systematically engineered through a mixed host system. Therefore, light-emitting performances of blue PHOLEDs were greatly improved with external quantum and power efficiencies of 20.5% and 43.5 lm/W at a luminance of 56 cd/m2, respectively.
RGB monolithic GaInN-based μLED arrays connected via tunnel junctions (2023)

Abstract We report a 330 ppi monolithic RGB micro light-emitting diodes ( μ LED) array of blue, green and red GaInN-based LEDs stacked on the same wafer. Considering it is challenging to form ohmic electrodes on the plasma-etched p-type GaN surface, GaInN-based tunnel junctions were used to connect each LED, and anode electrodes for the blue and green LEDs were formed on n-type AlGaN. The fabricated stacked monolithic μ LED arrays were tested at room temperature (approximately 26 °C) and DC. Each μ LED emitted blue, green and red with peak wavelengths of 486, 514 and 604 nm at a current density of 50 A cm −2 .
Asymmetric War? Implications for China's Information Warfare Strategies (2002)

This essay discusses the emerging discourse and capability of the PRC on information warfare (IW) and the implications of such developments on cross-Strait and US-PRC relations. It finds that the PRC's endeavors in IW stem from the conviction among certain well-informed writers in the PLA that IW occupies a crucial place for a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) in China's military modernization. Chinese strategists explore IW's potential for China to wage an "asymmetric war" (defined as the use of surprise force by a weaker party against a stronger but vulnerable adversary) by applying traditional strategems (e.g., Sun Tzu's "overcoming the superior with the inferior" and Mao's "people's war") in modern warfare. Chinese strategists argue that IW can help China counter overall American strengths by targeting certain "pockets of excellence," rather than attempting to match America's comprehensive power, and present China with a credible military option for achieving its political objective of achieving unification with Taiwan (on Beijing's terms) through deception, surprise, and decisiveness. These strategic considerations can introduce instability in the Taiwan Strait region. They also raise questions about certain conventional aphorisms in international relations. The evolution of Chinese military doctrine and force structure is traced. Chinese and American concepts of IW are contrasted. Early examples of "cyberwar" between China and the US and between China and Taiwan are examined. The article concludes with a cautionary note on an emergent "digital mutual assured destruction."
Animal Play (1998)

Why do animals play? Play has been described in animals as diverse as reptiles, birds and mammals, so what benefits does it provide and how did it evolve? Careful, quantitative studies of social, locomotor and object play behaviour are now beginning to answer these questions and to shed light on many other aspects of both animal and human behaviour. This interdisciplinary volume, first published in 1998, brings together the major findings about play in a wide range of species including humans. Topics about play include the evolutionary history of play, play structure, function and development, and sex and individual differences. Animal Play is destined to become the benchmark volume in this subject, and will provide a source of inspiration and understanding for students and researchers in behavioural biology, neurobiology, psychology and anthropology.
Smooth attitude feedback control with non-holonomic constraints (2002)

The paper considers the problem of asymptotically driving, via feedback control, the attitude of a reaction wheels actuated spacecraft, whenever operating in failure mode. In this case the presence of only two active reaction wheels constrain the spacecraft angular velocity vector to lie on one of the aircraft coordinate planes. The presented analysis, though performed at a kinematic level only, however parallels the ones originally presented in Byrnes and Isidori (1991) and Tsioratis et al. (1995). In these works, the possibility of asymptotically and smoothly driving the system toward any final desired attitude was in fact proven (under the assumption of a zero initial spin rate along the unactuated axis). The basic aim of this paper is that of showing that with a more simple, and in a sense more natural, choice for the attitude parametrization, a much more simple form for a smooth feedback control law can be obtained, possibly characterized by more efficient qualities concerning its stabilizing properties and gain parameters tuning characteristics.
La carrière d'un "cadre de gauche" après 1968 (1979)

La carrière d'un cadre de gauche après 1968. Cet article étudie sur un cas limite le problème de la professionnalisation secondaire de jeunes qui se reconvertissent au métier de cadre moyen dans l'industrie après avoir reconnu l'impossibilité pour eux d'exercer des métiers libéraux ou universitaires plus conformes à leur vocation «d'intellectuel». L'analyse est centrée sur le cas d'un petit groupe de psychologues militants d'extrême-gauche en 1968 et devenus animateurs de formation dans une grande entreprise privée. La description de leur carrière et le commentaire détaillé d'une conversation à l'usine permettent de saisir, à la fois, les modalités subjectives de l'adaptation au métier, les techniques utilisées par la direction des relations humaines pour intégrer les nouveaux entrants et la contribution -sans doute involontaire- des jeunes «contestataires» au travail d'adaptation de l'encadrement au contexte politique de l'après mai 1968. Pour établir une continuité entre leur passé d'intellectuel et de militant et leur pratique professionnelle, les animateurs intègrent un vocabulaire et des thèmes politiques à leur idéologie professionnelle. L'embarras des autres membres de l'entreprise qui les classent tantôt comme «agents de la direction», tantôt comme «gauchistes» montre qu'ils contribuent objectivement à ambiguiser la situation. Or précisément, en cette période, la stratégie de la direction est orientée vers la dénégation des aspects «autoritaires» et «conservateurs» de l'encadrement et vers l'assimilation et la réinterprétation progressive des «idées de mai 1968». En affrontant avec passion les catégories les plus traditionnelles de l'encadrement subalterne, les animateurs sont sans doute les artisans les plus zélés de la politique de la direction générale. Pourtant, ils raisonnent en terme de «lutte des classes» et se disent «à l'avant-garde des forces populaires».
Laser‐scanner‐based powered two‐wheeler traffic monitoring (2013)

Powered two wheelers (PTWs) represent only 2% of the traffic, but 30% of all deaths on the road. European governments have made this particular point a priority for road safety. This presented study overcomes the lack of PTW traffic‐analyser systems in real traffic conditions. A detection technique based on a single two‐dimensional LIDAR sensor is proposed. This system is able to accurately detect and count PTWs with a single sensor in dense traffic on a highway with multiple carriageways. The method consists, firstly, in generating spatio‐temporal observations of vehicles crossing under the LIDAR, then, in classifying vehicles using machine‐learning techniques, and finally, in evaluating PTW traffic. Such a system has direct industrial applications since it is a non‐intrusive traffic‐analyser system that is reliable, easily deployable and inexpensive compared with existing industrial solutions.
MMARGE: Motif Mutation Analysis for Regulatory Genomic Elements (2018)

Cell-specific patterns of gene expression are determined by combinatorial actions of sequence-specific transcription factors at cis-regulatory elements. Studies indicate that relatively simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) play dominant roles in the selection of enhancers that establish cell identities and functions. LDTFs require collaborative interactions with additional transcription factors to mediate enhancer function, but the identities of these factors are often unknown. We have shown that natural genetic variation between individuals has great utility for discovering collaborative transcription factors. Here, we introduce MMARGE (Motif Mutation Analysis of Regulatory Genomic Elements), the first publicly available suite of software tools that integrates genome-wide genetic variation with epigenetic data to identify collaborative transcription factor pairs. MMARGE is optimized to work with chromatin accessibility assays (such as ATAC-seq or DNase I hypersensitivity), as well as transcription factor binding data collected by ChIP-seq. Herein, we provide investigators with rationale for each step in the MMARGE pipeline and key differences for analysis of datasets with different experimental designs. We demonstrate the utility of MMARGE using mouse peritoneal macrophages, liver cells, and human lymphoblastoid cells. MMARGE provides a powerful tool to identify combinations of cell type-specific transcription factors while simultaneously interpreting functional effects of non-coding genetic variation.
The Immunological and Virological Consequences of Planned Treatment Interruptions in Children with HIV Infection (2013)

PTI in children is associated with rapid changes in CD4 and CD8 cells, likely due to increased cell turnover and immune activation. However, children off treatment may be able to maintain stable levels of naïve CD4 cells, at least in proportion to the memory cell pool, which may in part explain the observed excellent CD4 cell recovery with re-introduction of ART.
Cellular aging and oxidative stress (1995)

There are species differences in the oxidative stress resistivity and antioxidant capacity of embryonic fibroblasts. The primary defense of embryonic fibroblasts against oxidative stress appears to be reduced glutathione. The susceptibility of human embryonic fibroblasts to oxidative stress and their antioxidant capacity are altered during aging in vitro. In the late-passage cells, susceptibility to oxidative stress was increased and, by contrast, both catalase activity and reduced glutathione concentration were decreased. The in vitro lifespan of human embryonic fibroblasts is perturbed by oxidative stress. The lifespan was shortened by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen and depended on cellular reduced glutathione concentration.
Noise-enhanced encryption for physical layer security in an OFDM radio (2009)

We adapt a physical-layer modulation scheme previously used for enhancing security in the optical domain to an OFDM radio link. The method relies on manipulating the signal constellation according to a cryptographic pseudo-random number generator and adding a small amount of truly random noise at the transmitter. We test the ultra-secure format by generating modified 802.11a packets offline and transmitting them over-the-air using a radio board designed for software defined radio applications. Our initial test system uses an underlying QPSK data format with a 12Mb/s burst-mode data rate. No performance penalty was observed by adding the noise-enhanced encryption function.
β‐Lactams (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Potentiometric Method for Studying the Platelet Release Reaction (1977)

A Potentiometrie method which permits the continuous recording of small changes in extracellular calcium (Ca) concentration (1-10 nmoles/ml) is used to study the thrombin-induced release of Ca from human platelets. The instrumentation consists of a Radiometer Ca ion electrode and pH meter, and a chart recorder. Platelets are suspended in Tris-buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 50 μM Ca. The electrode is placed in a 2 ml aliquot of the platelet suspension in a beaker, thrombin is added, and the change in extracellular Ca (in mV) accompanying the release of Ca is recorded. Recorder tracings of the release reaction show three phases: 1) an initial lag period inversely related to thrombin concentration; 2) an exponential phase during which most of the Ca release occurs; and 3) a final linear phase during which a slow release of Ca is observed. The amount of Ca released is a direct function of both platelet and thrombin concentration. Because an open system is used and release is recorded continuously, considerable flexibility in experimental design is possible. Platelet and thrombin concentrations can be varied over a wide range; thrombin can be added in single or multiple increments and at different time intervals; fresh platelets can be introduced to a completed release reaction; and inhibitors can be added at various times relative to thrombin. Results obtained by using some of these variations suggest that platelets undergo a partial release reaction and become refractory to repeated low level stimuli. The method is both sensitive and inexpensive, and provides a rapid, non-traumatic means of studying temporal and quantitative aspects of the release reaction, and the effects of pathology, drugs or storage on this aspect of platelet function.
Multiple Roles of Component Proteins in Bacterial Multicomponent Monooxygenases: Phenol Hydroxylase and Toluene/o-Xylene Monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. OX1 (2011)

Phenol hydroxylase (PH) and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from Pseudomonas sp. OX1 require three or four protein components to activate dioxygen for the oxidation of aromatic substrates at a carboxylate-bridged diiron center. In this study, we investigated the influence of the hydroxylases, regulatory proteins, and electron-transfer components of these systems on substrate (phenol; NADH) consumption and product (catechol; H(2)O(2)) generation. Single-turnover experiments revealed that only complete systems containing all three or four protein components are capable of oxidizing phenol, a major substrate for both enzymes. Under ideal conditions, the hydroxylated product yield was ∼50% of the diiron centers for both systems, suggesting that these enzymes operate by half-sites reactivity mechanisms. Single-turnover studies indicated that the PH and ToMO electron-transfer components exert regulatory effects on substrate oxidation processes taking place at the hydroxylase actives sites, most likely through allostery. Steady state NADH consumption assays showed that the regulatory proteins facilitate the electron-transfer step in the hydrocarbon oxidation cycle in the absence of phenol. Under these conditions, electron consumption is coupled to H(2)O(2) formation in a hydroxylase-dependent manner. Mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.
Utilization of Banana Plant (Musa paradiosiaca L.) as Feed for Crossbred Cattle (1991)

Whole banana plants (Musa paradiosiea L after removal of fruits) were chopped and dried under sun and fed to 6 crossbredd (Ongole x Holstein) bulls (6-7 yrs; 422 kg) aa sole feed without any supplement for 30 d. The DM intake was sbout 84% oofhe eeqqirement. The CF digestibility was quite high. Lignin had no depressing effect on the utilization of structural carbohydrates. N and Ca balaaces were eositive while P balancn was marginally negative indicating the need for supplementation. The DCP and TDN contents of whole banana plants were 3.95 and 50.26%, respectively. All the ruminal N fractions except food and protozoal-N peaked at 4h post feeding and pH values were inversely related to TVFA concentration. The results indicated that whole banana plants could be utilized as sole fodder for cattle without any deleterious effect However, supplementation with energy ynd P rich ingredients was necessary.
Structure and dynamic modelling of a spherical robot (2012)

This paper deals with the construction and dynamics of a spherical mobile robot. The robot longitudinal and lateral motions are obtained by replacing the mass center of the internal driving unit (IDU) with two sets of orthogonal actuation systems. The unique mechanical structure of the driving unit makes it more reliable and more stable than previous similar robots and results more precise control of the robot in different paths and places. The different components of mechanical construction, actuators drive and control system, and assembling these components to work as a robot are explained. Based on the Lagrangian formulation mathematical model and motion properties of the robot are analyzed.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structures of GapR reveal a central channel which could accommodate B-DNA. (2019)

GapR is a nucleoid-associated protein required for the cell cycle of Caulobacter cresentus. We have determined new crystal structures of GapR to high resolution. As in a recently published structure, a GapR monomer folds into one long n-terminal helix and two shorter helices, and assembles into a tetrameric ring with a closed, positively charged, central channel. in contrast to the conclusions drawn from the published structures, we observe that the central channel of the tetramer presented here could freely accommodate B-DnA. Mutation of six conserved lysine residues lining the cavity and electrophoretic mobility gel shift experiments confirmed their role in DNA binding and the channel as the site of DnA binding. Although present in our crystals, DnA could not be observed in the electron density maps, suggesting that DNA binding is non-specific, which could be important for tetramer-ring translocation along the chromosome. in conjunction with previous GapR structures we propose a model for DnA binding and translocation that explains key published observations on GapR and its biological functions.
Isoflavone Retention during Processing, Bioaccessibility, and Transport by Caco-2 Cells: Effects of Source and Amount of Fat in a Soy Soft Pretzel (2012)

The impact of source and amount of lipid used to prepare a soy soft pretzel on the bioaccessibility and transport of isoflavones was investigated using the coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 human cell model. Pretzels were prepared without or with 2.9 or 6.0% exogenous lipid from either shortening, canola oil, ground almond, or ground hazelnut. The isoflavone backbone structure was stable during pretzel production, although there was partial conversion from malonyl and acetyl glucosides to simple glucosides and aglycones. Endogenous β-glucosidase activity in ground almond facilitated partial conversion of simple glucosides to aglycones during proofing, resulting in a slight decrease in bioaccessibility of isoflavones as compared with other sources of lipid. Amount and source of lipid did not affect bioaccessibility or uptake and metabolism of isoflavones by Caco-2 cells, although transport across the monolayer was greater with the lesser amount of shortening. These results suggest that the isoflavone structure, but not source or amount of lipid in a soy pretzel, may affect bioavailability of isoflavones.
Toward Transparent Nanocomposites Based on Polystyrene Matrix and PMMA-Grafted CeO2 Nanoparticles (2011)

The association of transparent polymer and nanosized pigment particles offers attractive optical materials for various potential and existing applications. However, the particles embedded into polymers scatter light due to refractive index (RI) mismatch and reduce transparency of the resulting composite material. In this study, optical composites based on polystyrene (PS) matrix and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted CeO(2) hybrid particles were prepared. CeO(2) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 18 ± 8 nm were precipitated by treating Ce(NO(3))·6H(2)O with urea in the presence of a polymerizable surfactant, 3-methacyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane. PMMA chains were grafted on the surface of the nanoparticles upon free radical in situ solution polymerization. While blending of unmodified CeO(2) particles with PS resulted in opaque films, the transparency of the composite films was remarkably enhanced when prepared by PMMA-grafted CeO(2) hybrid particles, particularly those having a PMMA thickness of 9 nm. The improvement in transparency is presumably due to the reduction in RI mismatch between CeO(2) particles and the PS matrix when using PMMA chains at the interface.
Hay versus haylage: Forage type influences the equine urinary metabonome and faecal microbiota (2021)

The data generated from this study suggest that the choice of forage may have implications for the intestinal microbiota and metabolism of ponies and, therefore, potentially their health status. Understanding the potential implication of feeding a particular type of forage will enable horse owners to make more informed choices with regard to feed, especially if their horse or pony is prone to weight gain.
Effect of a High‐fat Diet on 24‐Hour Pattern of Circulating Adipocytokines in Rats (2009)

We have shown a significant disruption of 24-h pattern of plasma pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal hormones in high-fat-fed rats. Our objective was to assess the effect of a high-fat diet (35% fat) on mean levels and 24-h pattern of several adipocytokines in rats. A normal diet-fed rats (4% fat) were used as controls. When body weight of high-fat-fed rats attained values about 25% higher than controls (after 66 days of treatment), the animals were killed at six different time intervals throughout a 24-h cycle. Plasma concentrations of insulin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-1, leptin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured in a multianalyte profiling by using the Luminex-100 system. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significant hyperglycemia developed in high-fat-fed rats, together with a significant increase in plasma insulin. Mean levels of plasma adiponectin, IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha, and leptin augmented, and ghrelin decreased, in high-fat-fed rats. The normal daily pattern of plasma insulin, adiponectin, IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha, leptin, ghrelin, and MCP-1 became disrupted in high-fat-fed rats. The results indicate that a high-fat diet may bring about signs of insulin resistance and mild inflammation in rats, together with the disruption in daily variations of circulating insulin and ghrelin, and of several adipocytokines including leptin, adiponectin, IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha, and MCP-1.
A review on turn-turn short circuit fault management (2015)

Permanent Magnet (PM) machines are increasingly being used in safety critical systems in aerospace and automotive applications. In such applications, reliability and availability are key concerns. Numerous works have been presented in literature which take into account both system reliability and availability in the event of single fault within the PM machine. This paper mainly focuses on a turn Short-Circuit (SC) fault and presents a systematic review on proposed methodologies to accommodate such faults. The possible methods to reduce the likelihood of the winding SC fault, and the available fault mitigation techniques related to such faults, are reviewed. It is shown that there is a tradeoff involved between reliability and the machines' performance.