gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Periodontal diseases: to protect or not to protect is the question? (2001)

For decades, investigations have identified local and systemic humoral immune responses to microorganisms comprising the supra- and subgingival biofilms in the oral cavity. Inflammation and tissue destruction in the periodontium are accompanied by alterations in the quantity, quality, and specificity of antibody. The conundrum in this scenario is the existence of a substantial plasma cell infiltrate at sites of periodontal lesions and a seemingly robust antibody response in the oral cavity and the serum, apparently coincident with progressing disease. Consequently, much effort has been expended to elucidate the critical characteristics of protective humoral responses and to develop strategies for enhancing these unique features. We and others have conducted studies attempting to distinguish disease susceptibility associated with: i) variations in response levels significantly increased to some species with disease, minimal response to others; ii) functional comparisons of antibody subclass differences, genetic regulation, and maturation of responses; iii) microbial and antigenic specificity of the antibody focus on specific pathogens and identification of selected antigens as targets for immunoprotection; and, iv) kinetics of responses during disease and therapeutic interventions linking immune changes with infection and as a measure of treatment success. This report summarizes varied research designs and results, to provide a profile of antibody in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. These profiles may be used to provide a framework focusing on the humoral response to commensal microorganisms and likely pathogens, as they emerge in the biofilm--etiologic for or in response to disease processes. Models for antibody as a diagnostic adjunct and for predicting protective antibody responses are suggested. These concepts are likely relevant for considering vaccine approaches to periodontitis.
Intrusion detection. Applying machine learning to Solaris audit data (2002)

An intrusion detection system (IDS) seeks to identify unauthorized access to computer systems' resources and data. The most common analysis tool that these modern systems apply is the operating system audit trail that provides a fingerprint of system events over time. In this research, the Basic Security Module auditing tool of Sun's Solaris operating environment was used in both an anomaly and misuse detection approach. The anomaly detector consisted of the statistical likelihood analysis of system calls, while the misuse detector was built with a neural network trained on groupings of system calls. This research demonstrates the potential benefits of combining both aspects of detection in future IDSs to decrease false positive and false negative errors.
PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0 (2000)

This memo represents a republication of PKCS #5 v2.0 from RSA Laboratories' Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) series, and change control is retained within the PKCS process. The body of this document, except for the security considerations section, is taken directly from that specification.
Fine‐needle aspiration of fibroadenomas of the breast with atypia: A spectrum including cases that cytologically mimic carcinoma (1990)

We herein report the cytologic and histologic findings in 11 cases of cytologically atypical fibroadenoma (FA). These ranged from cases recognizable as FA but showing epithelial atypia to cases that, even on review, completely mimicked the needle aspiration picture of ductal breast carcinoma. A retrospective review of 45 cases of previously excised FA showed that focal atypia is common (27%). Possible physiologic explanations for atypia in FA, along with strategies for avoiding false diagnoses of malignancy in aspiration smears, are discussed.
Chronic Disease and Self-Injection: Ethnographic Investigations into the Patient Experience During Treatment (2017)

UCB Pharma.
Effect of Phosphorus on the Effectiveness of Strains of Rhizobium japonicum (1985)

Abstract We examined the relationship between P nutrition of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. ‘Davis’] and N 2 fixation by five strains of Rhizobium japonicum ranging from an ineffective (SM‐5) to a highly effective (USDA 110) symbiosis with soybean. Phosphorus at 0, 50, 125, and 400 mg P kg −1 soil (P 0 , P 50 , P 125 , P 400 ) as Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 · H 2 O was applied to pots containing 2.7 kg of a P‐fixing humoxic tropohumult free of R. japonicum . Treatments consisting of + N and five strains of R. japonicum and the four P treatments were arranged in a complete factorial replicated three times. With 400 mg P kg −1 soil treatments ranked + N &gt; USDA 110 &gt; USDA 31&gt; USDA 123&gt; USDA 33&gt;SM‐5 for shoot dry weight and accumulation of N in the shoot. There were no significant strain effects for shoot dry weight, shoot N or nodule activity at P o . Strain rankings were the same at the intermediate levels of P but differences were smaller. Although nodule number was somewhat enhanced by P, it bore no relationship to strain effectiveness and was not a factor limiting N 2 fixation at low P. Nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities significantly increased with P additions. The concentrations of N and P in the shoot also increased with P additions. The concentrations of shoot P and N were higher in plants provided mineral N at the low and intermediate P levels than in the inoculated plants. The results show that P nutrition is important in interpreting the N 2 fixation capability of strains of Rhizobium . Synergism between P and Rhizobium inputs requires that to obtain maximal response to the application of one input necessitates employing the other at maximum levels.
Motion-compensating prediction within spatiotemporal band-pass outputs based on a feature specific vector representation (2002)

A new approach for motion estimation using a local/momentary signal representation within a spatiotemporal multichannel coding scheme is presented. The coding scheme is based on a decomposition of the image sequence into three-dimensional even- and odd-symmetric band-pass filters. Each filter is frequency-, orientation-, and motion-selective and consists of a quadrature filter pair. Their outputs are interpreted as a complex, analytic signal which is transformed into a polar representation. The subsequent interband vector representation allows an exact description of local/momentary signal features including motion direction and velocity. These properties can be used to estimate the position of a certain local feature some frames later and to integrate a motion-compensating prediction algorithm within the three-dimensional subband decomposition. It is shown that efficient temporal decorrelation can be achieved with low coding delay. In addition, no frame-to-frame displacement measurements are necessary and no motion vectors have to be transmitted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Treatment of mycosis fungoides with oral bexarotene combined with PUVA. (2002)

Bexarotene has recently been approved in the United States and Europe as a single orally administered retinoid for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients who are refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy. We describe a 47-year old female with a 4-year history of mycosis fungoides (MF) who developed debilitating side effects from acitretin and PUVA, and subsequently responded to bexarotene 75 mg orally once daily combined with PUVA. Bexarotene has been approved at an optimal starting dose of 300 mg/m2/d but has not yet been approved for use in combination with PUVA. We used a low dose (75 mg) combined with PUVA in an attempt to minimize side effects while maintaining treatment efficacy. Our patient's response to a novel regimen of low dose bexarotene combined with PUVA has been excellent and suggests that this regimen may be a useful method for treatment of MF.
Cholecystokinin, gastrin, cholecystokinin/gastrin receptors, and bitter taste receptor TAS2R14: trophoblast expression and signaling (2019)

We investigated expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in humans and mice, and the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 in the human placenta. Because CCK and gastrin activate the CCKBR receptor, we also explored placental gastrin expression. Finally, we investigated calcium signaling by CCK and TAS2R14. By RT-PCR, we found <i>CCK/Cck</i> and <i>GAST/Gast</i> mRNA expression in both normal human and mouse placentas, as well as in human trophoblast cell lines (TCL). Although both <i>Cckar</i> and -<i>br</i> mRNA were expressed in the mouse placenta, only <i>CCKBR</i> mRNA was detected in the human placenta and TCL. mRNA expression for <i>TAS2R14</i> was also observed in the human placenta and TCL. Using immunohistochemistry, CCK protein was localized to the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) in the human term placenta, and to trophoblast glycogen cells in mouse and human placentas. Gastrin and TAS2R14 proteins were also observed in ST and EVT of the human placenta. Both sulfated and nonsulfated CCK elicited a comparable rise in intracellular calcium in TCL, consistent with <i>CCKBR</i> expression. Three TAS2R14 agonists, flufenamic acid, chlorhexidine, and diphenhydramine, also evoked rises in intracellular calcium in TCL. These results establish CCK, gastrin, and their receptor(s) in both human and mouse placentas, and TAS2R14 in the human placenta. Both CCK and TAS2R14 agonists increased intracellular calcium in human TCL. Although the roles of these ligands and receptors, and their potential cross talk in normal and pathological placentas, are currently unknown, this study opens new avenues for placental research.
The new intelligent home control system based on the dynamic and intelligent gateway (2011)

With the emergence of the Internet of Things and improvement of humans' living standards, smart home is becoming the future criterion of home life. Smart home not only gives users a safe, healthy and comfortable living environment, but also allows users to remotely monitor their home state and control home appliances. However, the current smart home systems, including home gateways, wireless sensor network devices and the home networking equipments require constant work. This will not only cause a waste of energy, still can negatively affect the gateway performance. In order to save energy and reduce the cost of smart home, there is a pressing need for a new type of intelligent home control system. This paper presents a new type of intelligent home control system, using Android Phone as a temporary home gateway instead of the default home gateway, thus reducing the constant working hours of the traditional gateway. At the same time, we also construct an intelligent control system based on user behavior analysis, the system will automatically shut down the unused devices by predicting user behavior, so as to achieve energy savings and reduce costs.
Emission from Charge-Transfer States in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Cells Based on Ethylenedioxythiophene-Fluorene Polymers (2015)

We investigated the electroluminescence (EL) from charge-transfer (CT) in the interface state of PEDOTF/PC70BM, known to be empirically related to Voc, to elucidate a difference in Voc of 0.24 V in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) based on two polymers (H-PEDOTF and S-PEDOTF with a high and low molecular weight, respectively) having almost the same HOMO energy levels. The difference in the energies of CT EL peaks is relatively small (0.06 eV) compared to the difference in the Vocs. Consequently, we mainly attribute the excessive loss of Voc in S-PEDOTF-based OPVs to a trap assisted recombination mechanism.
Microstructure and defects in Ag-clad Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wires prepared through a controlled melt process (1992)

Microstructure and defects in Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+y (2223) wires prepared through a high-Tc phase formation-decomposition-recovery (PFDR) process have been investigated using SEM, TEM and XRD. PFDR-processed tapes contain varying percentage of highly dispersed, elongated low-Tc (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu2O8+y (2212) phase in the 2223 matrix and a variety of defects. The PFDR-processed samples contain massive interfacial dislocations with density up to 1011 cm-2. These interfacial defects, fine precipitates and 2212 phase in the basal plane with thickness or core diameter comparable to the dimension of flux vortices are considered to be desirable pinning sites for fluxoids. For the PFDR processed wires, the normalized Jc at 77 K and 1 T correlates the fraction of 2212 in the superconductor core with optimal pinning within 5% to 10% of 2212. A Jc of 40000 A cm-2 at 77 K and 0 T and 9000 A cm-2 at 77 K and 1 T has been achieved for the PRDR-processed tapes.
Turbine exhaust diffuser with region of reduced flow area and outer boundary gas flow (2023)

An exhaust diffuser system and method for a turbine engine. The outer boundary may include a region in which the outer boundary extends radially inwardly toward the hub structure and may direct at least a portion of an exhaust flow in the diffuser toward the hub structure. At least one gas jet is provided including a jet exit located on the outer boundary. The jet exit may discharge a flow of gas downstream substantially parallel to an inner surface of the outer boundary to direct a portion of the exhaust flow in the diffuser toward the outer boundary to effect a radially outward flow of at least a portion of the exhaust gas flow toward the outer boundary to balance an aerodynamic load between the outer and inner boundaries.
Pretreatment ADC Values Predict Response to Radiosurgery in Vestibular Schwannomas (2017)

Pretreatment ADC values of vestibular schwannomas are lower in responders than nonresponders. Using a minimum ADC value of 800 × 10<sup>-6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s correctly classified 90% of cases.
Fully Automated Non-Native Speech Recognition Using Confusion-Based Acoustic Model Integration and Graphemic Constraints (2006)

This paper presents a fully automated approach for the recognition of non-native speech based on acoustic model modification. For a native language (L1) and a spoken language (L2), pronunciation variants of the phones of L2 are automatically extracted from an existing non-native database as a confusion matrix with sequences of phones of L1. This is done using LTs and L2's ASR systems. This confusion concept deals with the problem of non existence of match between some L2 and L1 phones. The confusion matrix is then used to modify the acoustic models (HMMs) of L2 phones by integrating corresponding L1 phone models as alternative HMM paths. We introduce graphemic constraints in the confusion extraction process: the phonetic confusion is established for each couple of 'L2-phone' and the grapheme(s) corresponding to that phone. We claim that pronunciation errors may depend on the graphemes related to each phone. The modified ASR system achieved an improvement between 32% and 40% (relative, L1=French and L2=English) in WER on the French non-native database used for testing. The introduction of graphemic constraints in the phonetic confusion allowed further improvements
Channel Aware Greedy Algorithm for MISO Cache-Aided Communication (2022)

We present novel schemes for cache-aided communication over networks with a multi-antenna base station (BS) that serves multiple single-antenna users. The schemes are based on a greedy scheduling [1], which simultaneously transmits coded messages to disjoint groups of users. The proposed algorithms use the channel state information to opportunistically choose the groups to be served together and to allocate power to each coded message in order to minimize the overall communication delay. Numerical study shows that the new schemes outperform the previously known schemes.
Climbing Ability of the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) (2015)

Little is known about what factors influence the climbing ability of bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), in relation to the various surfaces they encounter. We examined how sex, time since last fed, and what surfaces the bed bugs were in contact with affected their climbing performance. The effects of sex and time since fed were tested by counting the number of bed bugs able to climb a 45° slope. The pulling force was recorded using an analytical balance technique that captured the sequential vertical pulling force output of bed bugs attached to various surfaces. Recently fed female bed bugs were found to have the most difficulty in climbing smooth surfaces in comparison with males. This difference can be explained by the larger weight gained from bloodmeals by female bed bugs. A variety of vertical pulling forces were observed on surfaces ranging from sandpaper to talc powder-covered glass. For surfaces not treated with talc powder, bed bugs generated the least amount of vertical pulling force from synthetically created 0.6-µm plastron surfaces. This vast range in the ability of bed bugs to grip onto various surfaces may have implications on limiting bed bugs dispersal and hitchhiking behaviors.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF ISOFLAVAN‐4‐(1‐PYRIDINIUM) SALTS (1980)

Abstract Die cis‐ oder trans‐Hydroxyiso‐ flavane (I) reagieren mit Tosylchlorid in Pyridin unter Bildung der Pyridiniumsalze (II), die in alkalischem Milieu das Iso?aven (III) liefern.
Changes of plasma tPA and PAI activities in patients with diabetic retinopathy. (1997)

Reduced plasma tPA activity and enhanced PAI activity in diabetic patients, probably is one of the causes for thromboembolic diseases and are related to the severity of DR and duration of diabetes. Therefore, the change and imbalance between activities of plasma tPA and PAI might play a role in developing and progression of DR.
Thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance of amorphous Al2O3 thin films on germanium and sapphire (2020)

Sub-nanometer thickness accuracy and excellent conformity make atomic layer deposited films prevalent in modern electronics, continuously shrinking in size. The thermal resistance of these films plays a major role in the overall energy efficiency of miniaturized devices. We report very sensitive thermal conductivity measurements of amorphous Al2O3 thin films grown using atomic layer deposition in the temperature range of 100–300 K. The 3ω method is used to characterize these films ranging from 17.0 to 119.4 nm in thickness, using a series-resistor model to deconvolve the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the film from thermal boundary resistances inherently present in the multilayer system. The thermal conductivity of amorphous alumina films with a density of 2.77±0.14 g cm−3 is measured to be 1.73±0.08 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K. Measurements were carried out on germanium and sapphire substrates, leading to no substrate dependence of the films’ thermal conductivity, within experimental accuracy. On the other hand, thermal boundary resistances of the systems Pt/Al2O3/substrate are observed to be strongly substrate-dependent, with values ranging from 2.1×10−8 m2 K W−1 to 3.7×10−8 m2 K W−1 at 300 K for films deposited on sapphire and germanium, respectively. These results provide further insights into the significance of interfaces in thermal transport across layered materials, in particular, for potential germanium-based devices.
Sonographic Monitoring of Midline Shift in Space-Occupying Stroke (2001)

TCCS helps to estimate outcome as early as 16 hours after stroke onset and thus facilitates identification of patients who are unlikely to survive without decompressive craniectomy. Because of its noninvasive character and bedside suitability, sonographic monitoring of MLS might be a useful tool in management of critically ill patients who cannot undergo repeated CCT scans.
Nonphotolithographic fabrication of organic transistors with micron feature sizes (1998)

This letter describes the use of micromolding in capillaries in combination with screen printing to form organic microstructures for applications in microelectronics. Fabrication of plastic transistors with micron feature sizes demonstrates the approach. The performance of these transistors compares favorably with that of similar devices constructed using conventional methods and inorganic substrates, dielectrics, and conductors.
IC‐P‐010: Combinatorial biomarker enrichment strategies for MCI clinical trial design (2015)

Brain amyloid is part of the definition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increasingly used in clinical trial screening. ApoE genotype is associated with presence of brain Amyloid. Biomarkers of neurodegeneration reflect disease progression and can yield theoretical power advantages in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) trials. Whether and how these different markers can be combined, and the implications for trial design, remain open questions. We propose different strategies for patient selection in trial design: A): Screen out amyloid negative (AM-) subjects. B): Screen out subjects with no neurodegeneration. Then further screen out AM- subjects. C): Screen out subjects with no ApoE risk factor. Then further screen out subjects with no neurodegeneration. Strategy A) is the implementation of the Amyloid hypothesis into trial design. Strategy B) follows the hypothesis that amyloid positive (AM+) MCI subjects with neurodegeneration are closer to clinical onset of AD and can have operational advantages over A). Strategy C) hypothesizes that MCI subjects at genetic risk and with neurodegeneration are closer to clinical onset of AD. We hypothesize that Strategy C) is similar with Strategy A) with lower costs. All strategies were assessed on 152 ADNI I and 112 ADNI II subjects with an amyloid marker and clinical follow-up over 24 months. AM+ was defined using established criteria. Neurodegeneration was defined as hippocampal volume below the 15th percentile of healthy subjects. All subjects carrying at least one ε4 allele were defined as being at genetic risk of AD. Trial cost, the number of subjects needed to screen (NNS) and effect size were calculated for both studies and three clinical endpoints, MMSE, CDR-SB and ADAS-Cog 13. All three enrichment strategies increased effect size and reduced trial cost in both ADNI studies (Figure 1). Strategy C) resulted in a trial population with 96% AM+ subjects.
An assessment of distributed generation islanding detection methods and issues for Canada (2004)

The integration of distributed systems into the main electricity networks is a fairly new phenomenon and presents many challenges. Islanding in the context of distributed generation is the situation where a portion of the distribution system becomes isolated from the remainder of the power system, yet continues to be energized by distributed generators. Failure to trip the affected generators can lead to problems. This report reviews the status and performance of all major anti-islanding techniques. Synchronous generators present more of a problem than inverter-based ones, require different techniques and are the focus of most anti-islanding efforts. The system of passive frequency-based relays is the most attractive for synchronous generators. Islanding detection can be either remote (that is, it relies on communications) or local and built-in. The report recommends several programs to investigate, in the Canadian context, such things as the efficacy of present anti-islanding techniques, the potential of future ones, and the dynamics of island formation. 49 refs., 19 figs.