gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive controller with delay compensation for Air-Fuel Ratio regulation in SI engines (2010)

Stringent requirements to maintain low emission levels over the vehicle lifetime constrain the combustion Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR) within a narrow band around the stoichiometric value and hence pose a challenging AFR control problem. In order to match the desired AFR level Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensors have been recently employed within control loops involving nonlinear engine dynamics. Sensor measurement uncertainties and inevitable effects of aging of these sensors motivate the use of online tuning algorithms for the controller gains. In this paper we develop an adaptive control structure which consists of an adaptive PI controller and an adaptive Smith predictor for time-delay systems with unknown plant parameters. We implement our control design using a plant model representing simplified engine dynamics with a constant UEGO sensor delay based on the assumption that the overall time constant of the plant is unknown. The performance of the adaptive controller is demonstrated through simulation scenarios where additional benefits of our design approach can be observed.
Efficient and Robust Distributed Matrix Computations via Convolutional Coding (2021)

Distributed matrix computations are well-recognized to suffer from the problem of stragglers (slow or failed worker nodes). The majority of prior work in this area has presented straggler mitigation strategies that are (i) either sub-optimal in terms of their straggler resilience, or (ii) suffer from numerical problems, i.e., there is a blow-up of round-off errors in the decoded result owing to the high condition numbers of the corresponding decoding matrices. This work introduces a novel solution framework, based on embedding the computations into the structure of a convolutional code, that removes these limitations. Our approach is provably optimal in terms of its straggler resilience, and has excellent numerical robustness which can be theoretically quantified by deriving a computable upper bound on the worst case condition number over all possible decoding matrices. All above claims are backed up by extensive experiments done on the AWS cloud platform.
Inversion domains in A1N grown on (0001) sapphire (2003)

Al-polarity inversion domains formed during AlN layer growth on (0001) sapphire were identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).They resemble columnar inversion domains reported for GaN films grown on (0001) sapphire.However, for AlN, these columns have a V-like shape with boundaries that deviate by 2 0.5 o from the c-axis.TEM identification of these defects agrees with the post-growth surface morphology as well as with the microstructure revealed by etching in hot aqueous KOH.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTIONS OF 2‐HYDROXY‐1,4‐OXATHIANES (1976)

Abstract Z‐Hydroxy‐l ,4‐oxathiane lassen sich im allgemeinen durch nucleophile Substitution des Halogenatoms von α‐Halogencarbonyl‐Verbindungen durch 2‐Mercaptoäthanol darstellen, wie am Beispiel des 2‐Methyl‐3‐carbonsäureanilids (III) aus (I) und (II) demonstriert wird.
Laboratory Simulations of the Titan Surface to Elucidate the Huygens Probe GCMS Observations (2011)

The Cassini/Huygens mission has vastly increased the information we have available to stndy Satnro's moon Titan. The complete mission has included an array of observational methods including remote sensing techniques, upper atmosphere in-situ saropling, and the descent of the Huygens probe directly through the atmosphere to the surface [1,2]. The instruments on the Huygens probe remain the ouly source of in-situ measurements at the surface of Titan, and work evaluating these measurements to create a pict.rre of the surface environment is ongoing. In particular, the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) experiment on Huygens found that although there were no heavy hydrocarbons detected in the lower atmosphere, a rich spectrum of mass peaks arose once the probe landed on the surface [3,4], However, to date it has not been possible to extract the identity and abundances of the many minor components of the spectra due to a lack of temperatnre- and instrumentappropriate data for the relevant species. We are performing laboratory stndies designed to elucidate the spectrum collected on Titan's surface, utilizing a cryogenic charober maintained at appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. The experiments will simulate the temperatnre rise experienced by the surface, which led to an enhanced signal of volatiles detected by the Huygens GCMS. The objective of this study is to exaroine the characteristics of various surface analogs as measured by the Huygens GCMS flight spare instrument, which is currently housed in our laboratory at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This identification cannot be adequately accomplished through theoretical work alone since the thermodynamic properties of many species at these temperatnres (94 K, HASI measurement [5]) are not known.
PROSPECTIVELY VALIDATED PREDICTION OF ORGAN FAILURE AND HYPOTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH SEPTIC SHOCK: THE SYSTEMIC MEDIATOR ASSOCIATED RESPONSE TEST (SMART) (2000)

Conventional outcomes research provides only percentage risk categories that are not applicable to individual patients, and it predicts only mortality, utilization of resources and/or broad groupings of multiple organ system dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether or not the Systemic Mediator Associated Response Test (SMART) methodology could identify interactions among demographics, physiologic parameters, standard hospital laboratory tests, and circulating cytokine concentrations to predict continuous and dichotomous dependent clinical variables, in advance, in individual patients with septic shock and to integrate these into prospectively validated models. Two hundred forty (240) patients with septic shock who were entered into the placebo arm of a multi-institutional clinical trial were randomly separated into a model building training cohort (n = 154) and a predictive cohort (n = 86), which was used to prospectively validate the prognostic models built upon the training cohort database. From baseline patient demographics; hospital laboratory tests; and plasma levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor, multiple regression models were developed that predicted clinically important continuous dependent variables quantitatively in individual patients. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was utilized to develop models that prognosticated dichotomous dependent end points. At the completion of the modeling process, baseline data from individual patients in the predictive cohort was inserted into each multivariate model for each day. Prospective validation was accomplished by simple linear regression of individual predicted versus observed values for continuous dependent variables, and by establishing the Receiver Operator Characteristics Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC) for logistic regression models that predicted dichotomous end points. Through seven days, SMART quantitative predictions of selected physiologic and metabolic parameters were validated at r > 0.500 in 51%. Up to seven days after baseline, 31/49 (63%) SMART models for renal and liver function indicators were validated prospectively at the r > 0.700 level. For hematologic/coagulation models, 37/56 (66%) up to seven days had r > 0.900. Among dichotomous models, ROC AUC > 0.700 was achieved in 30/49 (61%) during the first week. SMART integration of demographics, bedside physiology, hospital laboratory tests, and circulating cytokines predicts organ failure and physiologic function indicators in individual patients with septic shock.
Formation of the α1‐microglobulin chromophore in mammalian and insect cells: a novel post‐translational mechanism? (1995)

alpha 1-Microglobulin is an immunosuppressive plasma protein synthesized by the liver. The isolated protein is yellow-brown, but the hypothetical chromophore has not yet been identified. In this work, it is shown that a human liver cell line, HepG2, grown in a completely synthetic and serum-free medium, secretes alpha 1-microglobulin which is also yellow-brown, suggesting a de novo synthesis of the chromophore by the cells. alpha 1-Microglobulin isolated from the culture medium of insect cells transfected with the gene for rat alpha 1-microglobulin is also yellow-brown, suggesting that the gene carries information about the chromophore. Reduction and alkylation or removal of N- or O-linked carbohydrates by glycosidase treatment did not reduce the colour intensity of the protein. An internal dodecapeptide (amino acid positions 70-81 in human alpha 1-microglobulin) was also yellow-brown. The latter results indicate that the chromophore is linked to the polypeptide. In conclusion, the results suggest that the alpha 1-microglobulin gene carries information activating a post-translational protein modification mechanism which is present in mammalian and insect cells.
Finding Communities of Practice from User Profiles Based On Folksonomies (2006)

Abstract. User profiles can be used to identify persons inside a community with similar interests. Folksonomy systems allow users to individually tag the objects of a common set (e.g., web pages). In this paper, we propose to create user profiles from the data available in such folksonomy systems by letting users specify the most relevant objects in the system. Instead of using the objects directly to represent the user profile, we propose to use the tags associated with the specified objects to build the user profile. We have designed a prototype for the research domain to use such tag-based profiles in finding persons with similar interests. The combination of tag-based profiles with standard recommender system technology has resulted in a new kind of recommender system to recommend related publications, keywords, and persons. Especially the latter is useful to find persons to potentially cooperate with and to monitor the community to be able to enhance a user’s current Community of Practice. 1
Oligothiophene Synthesis by a Distinct, General C−H Activation Mechanism: Electrophilic Concerted Metalation-Deprotonation (eCMD) (2018)

Oxidative C–H/C–H coupling is a promising synthetic route for the streamlined construction of conjugated organic materials for optoelectronic applications. Broader adoption of these methods is nevertheless hindered by the need for catalysts that excel in forging core semiconductor motifs, such as ubiquitous oligothiophenes, with high efficiency in the absence of metal reagents. We report a (thioether)Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling method for the rapid assembly of both privileged oligothiophenes and challenging hindered cases, even at low catalyst loading under Ag- and Cu-free conditions. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study was undertaken to understand how a simple thioether ligand, MeS(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Na, leads to such potent reactivity toward electron-rich substrates. The consensus from these data is that a concerted, base-assisted C–H cleavage transition state is operative, but thioether coordination to Pd is associated with decreased synchronicity (bond formation exceeding bond breaking) versus the classic concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) model. Enhanced positive charge build-up on the substrate results from this perturbation, which rationalizes experimental trends strongly favoring π-basic sites. The term &lt;i&gt;electrophilic&lt;/i&gt; CMD (&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;CMD) is introduced to distinguish this mechanism. More O'Ferrall-Jencks analysis further suggests &lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;CMD should be a general mechanism manifested by many metal complexes. A preliminary classification of complexes into those favoring &lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;CMD or standard CMD is proposed, which should be informative for studies toward tunable catalyst-controlled reactivity.
The Design and Realization of CNC System Test Board Based on STM32 (2013)

According to the complicated operation,time-consuming limitations of traditional CNC system test equipment,a test board with STM32 as the central controller is designed.The board has RS232 serial communication function,together with input and output channels of CNC system interface signals.Firstly, this paper introduces the whole structure and hardware interface circuit of the test board. Secondly,in the MDK programming platform,the test programs of data receiving, processing, control and communication are designed. Finally,the system test is accomplished through the joint debugging of the software and hardware system. The test board has been proved to have good stability and scalability,and successfully applied to the practical production.
Antiestrogen Binding Site and Estrogen Receptor Mediate Uptake and Distribution of 4-Hydroxytamoxifen-Targeted Doxorubicin−Formaldehyde Conjugate in Breast Cancer Cells (2004)

The anthracycline antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX), has long been used as a broad spectrum chemotherapeutic. The literature now documents the role of formaldehyde in the cytotoxic mechanism, and anthracycline-formaldehyde conjugates possess substantially enhanced activity in vitro and in vivo. We have recently reported the design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of a doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate targeted, via 4-hydroxytamoxifen, to the estrogen receptor (ER) and antiestrogen binding site (AEBS), which are commonly present in breast cancer cells. The lead targeted doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate, called DOX-TEG-TAM, was found to possess superior cell growth inhibition characteristics relative to clinical doxorubicin and an untargeted control conjugate, especially in ER-negative, multidrug resistant MCF-7/Adr cells. The enhanced activity in the absence of estrogen receptor raised the possibility that targeting was also mediated via AEBS. Fluorescence microscopy of an ER-negative, AEBS-positive cell line as a function of time showed initial DOX-TEG-TAM localization in cytosol, in contrast to initial DOX and untargeted doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate localization in the nucleus. DOX-TEG-TAM was taken up by four AEBS-positive cell lines to a greater extent than doxorubicin and an untargeted doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate. Of the four cell lines, three were ER negative. DOX-TEG-TAM uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the presence of a competing AEBS ligand. DOX-TEG-TAM retains 60% of the affinity of 4-hydroxytamoxifen for AEBS. DOX-TEG-TAM was also taken up by the AEBS-negative, ER-positive cancer cell line Rtx-6; with these cells uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the ER ligand, estradiol. The data support the hypothesis that uptake of 4-hydroxytamoxifen targeted doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate is mediated by both the antiestrogen binding site and estrogen receptor.
Development and characterization of a graded, in vivo, compressive, murine model of spinal cord injury (2000)

grantor: University of Toronto
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 3-oxo-3H-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenoxazine-2-carboxylic acids (1989)

Reaction of ethyl 1,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylates XIIIa-XIIIc with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate yields appropriate ethyl 3-oxo-3 H -pyrido[3,2,1- kl ]phenoxazine-2-carboxylates XIVa-XIVc . Similar reaction of XIIIa and XIIIb in aqueous solution yields mixtures of the respective ester ( XIVa and XIVb , respectively) and acid ( XIVd and XIVe , respectively). Compounds XIVg-XIVj were prepared by usual methods. The compounds prepared were tested for their antimicrobial activity in vitro.
Optically coherent image formation and denoising using a plug and play inversion framework (2017)

The performance of optically coherent imaging systems can be limited by measurement and speckle noise. In this paper, we develop an image formation framework for computing the maximum a posteriori estimate of an object's reflectivity when imaged using coherent illumination and detection. The proposed approach allows for the use of Gaussian denoising algorithms (GDAs), without modification, to mitigate the exponentially distributed and signal-dependent noise that occurs in coherent imaging. Several GDAs are compared using both simulated and experimental data. The proposed framework is shown to be robust to noise and significantly reduce reconstruction error compared to the standard inversion technique.
Piezo actuators for active vibration control and isolation—principles and practical experiences (1999)

Piezoelectric actuators based on PZT ceramics are a widely used drive system and are also often used for active noise and vibration control applications. They offer high static and dynamic forces, are very stiff, allow high-frequency dynamic applications, and contain no moving parts. But they also have severe disadvantages: They are very sensitive to bending moments and pulling forces and have to be driven by electrical fields of some kV/mm to obtain displacements of about 1%. The actuators have a high capacitance, which is a challenge for the power amplifiers, and the material exhibits hysteresis which shows up as nonlinearities. Based on these restrictions, different concepts for the application of piezo actuators for active vibration control and isolation systems are presented, and mechanical as well as electrical aspects are discussed. For a real life application, it was decided to use one of the concepts at an experimental stage. The design of this actuator system will be presented. Experimental results and experiences will be shown, including test stand results of the entire active vibration control system. The main problem proved to be with the nonlinearities of the actuator response, which are prohibitive for at least some applications.
Targeted mutation of plakoglobin in mice reveals essential functions of desmosomes in the embryonic heart. (1996)

Plakoglobin (gamma-catenin), a member of the armadillo family of proteins, is a constituent of the cytoplasmic plaque of desmosomes as well as of other adhering cell junctions, and is involved in anchorage of cytoskeletal filaments to specific cadherins. We have generated a null mutation of the plakoglobin gene in mice. Homozygous -/- mutant animals die between days 12-16 of embryogenesis due to defects in heart function. Often, heart ventricles burst and blood floods the pericard. This tissue instability correlates with the absence of desmosomes in heart, but not in epithelia organs. Instead, extended adherens junctions are formed in the heart, which contain desmosomal proteins, i.e., desmoplakin. Thus, plakoglobin is an essential component of myocardiac desmosomes and seems to play a crucial role in the sorting out of desmosomal and adherens junction components, and consequently in the architecture of intercalated discs and the stabilization of heart tissue.
Optical investigation of degradation mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors: Generation of non-radiative recombination centers (2012)

Degradation mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors have been studied under pinch-off conditions. Sites of localized emission of electroluminescence (EL) in the form of hotspots, known to be related to gate leakage currents, are shown to be the result of the generation of non-radiative recombination centers in the AlGaN device layer during device stress. EL from the hotspot site contains both hot-carrier emission from the acceleration of charge carriers in the device channel and defect-related transitions. Gate leakage through the generated centers is the most likely mechanism for the observation of EL hotspots.
Detection of intraluminal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from human saphenous veins. (1993)

Previous studies of EDRF from human saphenous veins were performed in organ chambers, which could detect only extraluminal EDRF release. This is the first demonstration of intraluminal release of EDRF from human saphenous veins. The variable and relatively poor basal release of EDRF into the lumen may account for early thrombogenicity of vein grafts and may contribute to late atherosclerosis.
bcl-2 inhibits wild-type p53-triggered apoptosis but not G1 cell cycle arrest and transactivation of WAF1 and bax. (1995)

We have earlier shown that wild-type (wt) p53 expressed from a temperature-sensitive construct (ts p53) triggers apoptosis in the v-myc retrovirus-induced, p53-negative T-cell lymphoma line J3D (Y. Wang et al., Cell Growth & Differ., 4: 467-473, 1993). We also found that constitutive bcl-2 expression inhibits wt p53-triggered apoptosis in these cells (Y. Wang et al., Oncogene, 8: 3427-3431, 1993). Here we demonstrate that more than 90% of the ts p53-transfected J3D cells were arrested in G1 at 18 h after induction of wt p53 expression by temperature shift to 32 degrees C. At this time, at least 80% of the cells remained viable. After 30 h at 32 degrees C, around 50% of the cells had died by apoptosis, while most of the remaining cells were still alive in G1, indicating that p53-induced apoptosis occurred following G1 arrest. The G1 cell cycle arrest at 18 h after temperature shift to 32 degrees C was reversible, as shown by the fact that the cells readily resumed exponential growth following temperature shift back to 37 degrees C, although viability dropped from around 80 to 65%. Expression of both WAF1 and bax mRNA was induced by wt p53 in both the ts p53 and ts p53/bcl-2 transfected cells. The kinetics of G1 cell cycle arrest at 32 degrees C was similar in both the ts p53 and the ts p53/bcl-2 double transfectants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlating Covid-19 mortality and infection levels (2020)

Abstract Covid-19 deaths and positive cases show a remarkable heterogeneity across countries which cannot be easily explained on the basis of similarities or differences in the quality of healthcare, access to healthcare, testing facilities, or preventive measures such as lockdowns. Here we show that there is a distinct correlation between the mortality level and the infection level across countries, which can explain the mortality levels for a wide spectrum of countries. This implies that the number of deaths per 100 infected individuals is approximately the same across diverse countries and can be estimated from the slope of the mortality level-infection level plot. The correlation presented here can potentially be combined with estimates of infection spread to forecast future mortality levels and therefore future needs in terms of healthcare and other resources. Tracking of an individual location’s temporal path on this plot can potentially serve as a visual assessment of the nature of the epidemic. Methods presented here are not specific to the current epidemic. This is a preliminary report and uses data from a single source at a single time-point to demonstrate the capability of such an analysis.
A unified object constraint model for designing and implementing multidimensional systems (2009)

Models for representing multidimensional systems usually consider that facts and dimensions are two different things. In this paper we propose a model based on UML which unifies the representations of fact and dimension member. Since a given element can play the role of a fact or a dimension member, this model permits more flexibility in the design and the implementation of multidimensional systems. Moreover this model offers the possibility to express various constraints to guarantee desirable properties for data. We then show that this model is able to handle most of the hierarchies which have been suggested to take real situations into account and to characterize certain properties of summarizability. Using this model we propose a complete development cycle of a multidimensional system. It appears that this cycle can be partially automated and that an end user can control the design and the implementation of his system himself.