gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congratulatory Messages from ISIJ Honorary Members (2020)

A journal is defined primarily by the novelty and rigour of its content. It has the purpose of disseminating and archiving knowledge in the hope that it reveals nature in a way that makes a difference to society as a whole. There is an ethical standard to follow in its publication strategy, based on the accurate evaluation of research rather than on crude parameters that lead to a corruption of science.
Effect of pollen load size and source (self, outcross) on seed and fruit production in highbush blueberry cv. ‘Bluecrop’ (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM; Ericaceae) (2000)

Reproductive fitness of a plant is ultimately determined by both number and quality of seed offspring. This is determined by sexual selection of pollen microspores and ovules during pollination and fertilization. These processes may include pollen competition and seed abortion, which reduce the number of microspores and ovules available for final seed production. Thus, even an excess of pollen microspores to ovules does not result in fertile seeds equal to ovule number. We investigated pollen requirements of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum cultivar 'Bluecrop') for maximal seed production and how fertile seed number translates into fruit quality, since fruit quality would ultimately determine the dispersal of its offspring. We demonstrate that individual blueberry flowers with a mean of 106 ovules reach their maximum fruit set and mass and minimum time to ripen when 125 outcross pollen tetrads pollinate a flower, compared to 10 or 25. Three hundred tetrads resulted in the increase of fertile seeds, but did not result in a further increase of fruit mass or fruit set, or decrease in time to ripen. We also examined the effect of pure and mixed loads of self and outcross pollen (25 and 125 tetrads), and found no differences in fertile seed number, fruit mass, or percentage fruit set when pollen loads were either 25 self or outcross pollen tetrads, although number of days to ripen was significantly shorter by 8 d with 25 outcross tetrads. When the pollen load of 125 tetrads consisted of self or a 50:50 mixture of self and outcross pollen, fruit mass, days to ripen, and percentage fruit set were not different from loads of 125 outcross pollen. In addition, a pollen load of 25 outcross tetrads resulted in fertile seed number and fruit quality in between that of 25 self, and 125 self, 125 mixed, or 125 outcross tetrads. Large, small, and flat seed types were identified, and only large seeds (length = 1.7 mm) were fertile. These results improve our understanding of pollen load size and source requirements of a crop plant and the limits to pollen transfer when translated to fruit growth.
Feasibility Study of Power Line Communications for Backhauling Outdoor Small Cells (2021)

Small cells are low-power and low-range radio access nodes that can be used to increase network capacity in reduced areas with high traffic demand and to provide coverage to small isolated zones. As their number is expected to be very high, connecting them to the aggregation point in a cost-efficient manner is a key challenge, and there is consensus that none of the current technologies is valid for all scenarios. Since lamp-posts are one of the most convenient locations for outdoor small cells, this work analyzes the use of power line communications (PLC) over outdoor public lighting networks (OPLN) as a backhaul technology for outdoor small cell deployments. To this end, the characteristics of the PLC channels established in OPLN are firstly assessed. The analysis combines noise measurements performed in existing OPLN and channel responses obtained from a multiconductor transmission line (MTL) model. The attenuation, delay spread and spatial correlation of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are investigated and their influence in the physical layer parameters of PLC systems is discussed. Afterward, the performance achieved by state-of-the-art PLC systems is assessed. To this end, estimations obtained by means of simulations and measurements taken in actual networks are included. Data throughput achieved by PLC systems based on the ITU-T G.hn standard, as well as the expected improvements obtained by 3 x 3 MIMO systems, are given. Results indicate that PLC can be an interesting technology for coverage-driven small cell deployments with backhaul length shorter than 150 m, offering throughput values similar to existing Sub-6 GHz wireless solutions in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and wired ones like G.fast.
In vivo magnetic nanoparticle cytometer for stem cells in small animals (2013)

The sensitivity limit of the cytometer system can be determined from the system signal equation, derived using the Principle of Reciprocity and the MPI signal equation [4]: equation where ξ(t) [V] is the received emf signal, B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> [T/A] is the sensitivity of the receive coil, m̂ [Am <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ] is the magnetic moment of the magnetic nanoparticle, n is the number of nanoparticles, L̇ is the derivative of the Langevin function, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</inf> [m/A] is the field required for saturation of a nanoparticle, and Ḣ (t) [A/m/s] is the time derivative of the excitation field. Using this result, as well as the sensitivity profiles of the transmit/receive coils (Fig. 3) and assuming coil-noise dominance, we estimate the sensitivity of the system to be approximately 1.4 ng iron, or 177 labeled cells before averaging. The simulated and measured excitation field as well as the simulated receive coil sensitivity are shown in Figure 3.
Azelaic acid in the treatment of ocular and adnexal malignant melanoma. (1983)

Following reports of the successful management of cutaneous malignant melanoma with azelaic acid both locally and systemically a trial was undertaken to assess its value in the treatment of similar lesions involving the eye and its adnexa. Systemically administered azelaic acid failed to influence the melanomata in any of the 4 patients included in the study. A plea is made for the reporting even of such disappointing results in the present uncertain climate.
MANOEUVRING SIMULATIONS OF BRITISH BOMBARDIER, MARINER AND FRIGATE FORMS (1995)

A series of simulations has been carried out using the mathematical model of the manoeuvring model group for the Japanese Towing Tank Conference. This model includes linear as well as non-linear hydrodynamic terms. A program has been written to incorporate the latest developments in the prediction of hydrodynamic forces in the mathematical model. The program has been tested with full scale prediction values which confirm that the simulation package is suitable for use on vessels of different forms such as the British Bombardier, Mariner and Frigate respectively. Results of the turning simulation also confirm with IMO guidelines set for manoeuvring performance.
Binary Complex Based on Zein and Propylene Glycol Alginate for Delivery of Quercetagetin (2016)

Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. Quercetagetin (Q) was employed to explore the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex. A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic effects were mainly involved in the interactions between zein and PGA. Schematics with four possible structures were proposed to explain the formation mechanism of composites.
The Muscle Morphology of Elite Female Sprint Running (2022)

This investigation illustrates the distinctive, anatomically specific muscle volume distribution that facilitates elite sprint running in females, and emphasizes the importance of hip flexor and extensor relative muscle volume.
Optimal Primary-User Mobility Aware Spectrum Sensing Design for Cognitive Radio Networks (2013)

A key issue of the spectrum sensing functionality in Cognitive Radio (CR) networks is the ability of tuning the sensing time parameters, i.e., the sensing time and the transmission time, according to the Primary User (PU) network dynamics. In fact, these parameters influence both the spectrum sensing efficiency and the PU interference avoidance. This issue becomes even more challenging in presence of PU mobility. In this paper, an optimal spectrum sensing design for mobile PU scenarios is proposed with the aim to achieve the following important features: i) to determine the optimal mobility-aware transmission time, i.e., the transmission time value that jointly maximizes the spectrum sensing efficiency and satisfies the PU interference constraint; ii) to determine the optimal mobility-aware sensing time threshold, i.e., the maximum sensing time value assuring efficient spectrum sensing. First, closed-form expressions of both the optimal transmission time and the optimal sensing time threshold are analytically derived for a general PU mobility model. Then, the derived expressions are specialized for two widely adopted mobility models, i.e., the Random Walk mobility Model with reflection and the Random Way-Point mobility Model. Practical rules for the sensing parameter tuning are provided with reference to the considered mobility models. The analytical results are finally validated through simulations.
Immune Control and Prevention of Chronic Friend Retrovirus Infection (2006)

T cells are critical to control acute infection of a host with retroviruses but they are usually unable to prevent the development of chronic infections. This review summarizes studies from the Friend virus mouse model that reveal some of the mechanisms by which T cells control chronic retroviral infection, and also reveal why these responses ultimately fail to fully eradicate infection. Also summarized are findings from vaccine studies demonstrating the immunological requirements for the prevention of chronic retroviral infection. The implications of these findings for chronic infections in humans are discussed.
Evolutionary Feature Selection For Text Documents Using The Svm (2008)

Text categorization is the problem of classifying text documents into a set of predefined classes. After a preprocessing step, the documents are typically represented as large sparse vectors. When training classifiers on large collections of documents, both the time and memory restrictions can be quite prohibitive. This justifies the application of feature selection methods to reduce the dimensionality of the document-representation vector. In this paper, we present three feature selection methods: Information Gain, Support Vector Machine feature selection called (SVM_FS) and Genetic Algorithm with SVM (called GA_SVM). We show that the best results were obtained with GA_SVM method for a relatively small dimension of the feature vector.
Prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin inhibit the production and secretion of endothelin from cultured endothelial cells. (1994)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor yet identified. This peptide plays an important role in the regulation of arterial tone, in part through its interaction with endogenous vasodilator compounds. To understand the interactions of endothelin with the vasoactive prostaglandins (PGs), we determined the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 on ET-1 synthesis and secretion from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and on ET-1 action in aortic smooth muscle cells. Both PGE2 and PGI2 (vasodilator prostaglandins) caused an approximately 40% inhibition of basal ET-1 secretion and a 50% inhibition of serum-stimulated ET-1 secretion in a dose-related and time course fashion. In contrast, the vasoconstrictor prostaglandin, thromboxane A2, had no effect on ET-1 secretion. PGE2 and PGI2 similarly inhibited the basal production of new ET-1 protein (translation) by 40-50% and inhibited the basal steady-state mRNA expression of ET-1 in bovine aortic endothelial cells by 60-70%. Both prostaglandins also caused an approximately 55% inhibition of ET-1 transcription, as shown by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter studies. PGE2 and PGI2 strongly stimulated cGMP generation; both the PG stimulation of cGMP and the inhibition of ET-1 secretion and translation were reversed by LY83583, a general inhibitor of cGMP generation. The PG-induced inhibition of ET-1 secretion and translation was also reversed by KT5823, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, but not by (Rp)-adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate, an inhibitor of protein kinase A activation. PGE2 and PGI2 also inhibited both basal and ET-1-stimulated DNA synthesis in aortic smooth muscle cells by approximately 45% through a cGMP-dependent mechanism. Therefore, two endogenous PGs, known to be important vasodilators in vivo, significantly inhibit the transcription, translation, secretion, and action of ET-1. We propose that the vasodilator action of the PGs results, in part, from their ability to inhibit the production of this potent vasoconstrictor.
L’enseignement de la masse à l’école élémentaire : pratiques d’une enseignante débutante en éducation prioritaire (2017)

Cet article présente une étude de cas portant sur les pratiques d’une enseignante débutante en éducation prioritaire lors d’une séquence sur l’enseignement de la masse au cycle 3, étude qui s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche plus global sur la transition école/collège. Après avoir identifié les enjeux liés à l’apprentissage et à l’enseignement de la masse, nous analysons les pratiques de l’enseignante et tentons d’évaluer les effets de ces pratiques sur les apprentissages des élèves. Pour cela nous nous plaçons dans le cadre théorique de la double approche didactique et ergonomique des pratiques. Les analyses montrent que même si on dénote dans les pratiques de l’enseignante certaines caractéristiques susceptibles de favoriser les apprentissages, les choix de mises en œuvre réalisés conduisent à des pratiques peu efficaces en termes d’apprentissage pour les élèves. Cette étude montre en outre l’influence de certains déterminants (contexte d’enseignement en éducation prioritaire, connaissances et expérience de l’enseignante) sur les logiques d’action de l’enseignante.
Brugada Syndrome Phenotype Elimination by Epicardial Substrate Ablation (2015)

In patients with BrS, there is a relationship between abnormal ECG pattern, the extent of abnormal epicardial substrate, and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation inducibility. Ablation of the substrate identified in the presence of flecainide can eliminate the BrS phenotype and warrants further study.
Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer With Supermode Interference (2021)

We propose and demonstrate an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer build with a strongly coupled multicore fiber. The interferometer can be used for measuring distances or any other parameter that induces changes in the cavity length.
Assessment of the effect of 2‐chloroadenosine in normal rat brain using spin‐labeled MRI measurement of perfusion (2001)

Adenosine analogs such as 2-chloroadenosine are potent cerebrovasodilators. Spin-labeled MRI was used to investigate the spatial distribution, dose-response, and timing of the effect of 2-chloroadenosine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) after intraparenchymal injection into rat brain. Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 10) were injected with 2-chloroadenosine at doses of 0.3, 6.0, or 12 nmoles, or saline vehicle (2-4 microL). CBF was serially quantified in a slice through the injection site in a circular (3.6 mm diameter) region of interest (ROI) around the injection and in ipsilateral hemispheric ROIs at approximately 90 min and approximately 180 min. Marked 3.77- and 3.93-fold increases in CBF (vs. vehicle) were seen in the circular ROI at approximately 90 min and approximately 180 min after 12-nmol injection, respectively. Similarly, 2.92- and 2.78-fold increases in hemispheric CBF were observed at approximately 90 min and approximately 180 min, respectively, after injection of 12 nmoles. Linear dose-response relationships were observed at both times after injection in both ROIs (all P < 0.01). Spin-labeling MRI assessment revealed that parenchymal injection of 2-chloroadenosine produces potent, dose-dependent, and sustained vasodilation over large areas of brain. This treatment and imaging paradigm should facilitate investigation of the effect of CBF promotion in models of traumatic and ischemic brain injury.
VNIR hypersensor camera system (2009)

The hypersensor camera operates with a unique multispectral imaging modality developed recently at Surface Optics Corporation. The Hypersensor camera is small, low cost, rugged, and solid state, using micro-optics and an array of spectral filters, which captures a complete multispectral cube of spatial and spectral data with every focal plane exposure. The prototype VNIR Hypersensor camera captures full cubes of 588x438 (spatial pixels) x 16 (spectral bands) at frame rates up to 60 Hz. This paper discusses the optical design of the Hypersensor camera, the measured performance, and the design and operation of a custom video-rate hyperspectral processor developed for this system.
Cadmium Sulfide-Porous Silicon Nanocomposite Structures (2013)

Optimum conditions for the formation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in a porous silicon matrix have been determined. The mechanisms of charge transfer in the formed heterostructures and their dependences on the porous layer properties and conditions of CdS nanoparticle synthesis have been studied. The spectral distribution and the intensity of photoluminescence are demonstrated to be governed by the concentration and the size of synthesized CdS nanocrystallites, as well as the efficiency of radiation recombination at deep centers bound with defects.
Mechanical Bed for Investigating Sleep-Inducing Vibration (2017)

In running cars or trains, passengers often feel sleepy. Our study focuses on this physiological phenomenon. If a machine can reproduce this phenomenon, it is feasible to put a person, such as an insomnia patient or an infant, to sleep without any harmful effects. The results of our previous study suggest that low-frequency vibration induces sleep. This report describes a new mechanical bed for inducing sleep and discusses the effects of different vibration conditions. The new bed has two active DOFs in the vertical and horizontal directions to examine the anisotropy of sensation. The bed includes three main parts: a vertical driver unit, a horizontal driver unit, and a unique 2-DOF counterweight system to reduce driving force and noise. With regard to motion accuracy, the maximum motion error in the vertical direction lifting 75 kg load was only 0.06 mm with a 5.0 mm amplitude of a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal wave. The results of excitation experiments with 10 subjects showed a significant difference in sleep latency between the conditions with vibration and without vibration. Furthermore, the average latency with insensible vibration (amplitude = 2.4 mm) was shorter than that with sensible vibration (amplitude = 7.5 mm). These results suggest the ability of appropriate vibration to induce sleep.
Interactive Image Retrieval for Biodiversity Research (2015)

On a daily basis, experts in biodiversity research are confronted with the challenging task of classifying individuals to build statistics over their distributions, their habitats, or the overall biodiversity. While the number of species is vast, experts with affordable time-budgets are rare. Image retrieval approaches could greatly assist experts: when new images are captured, a list of visually similar and previously collected individuals could be returned for further comparison. Following this observation, we start by transferring latest image retrieval techniques to biodiversity scenarios. We then propose to additionally incorporate an expert’s knowledge into this process by allowing him to select must-have-regions. The obtained annotations are used to train exemplar-models for region detection. Detection scores efficiently computed with convolutions are finally fused with an initial ranking to reflect both sources of information, global and local aspects. The resulting approach received highly positive feedback from several application experts. On datasets for butterfly and bird identification, we quantitatively proof the benefit of including expert-feedback resulting in gains of accuracy up to $$25\,\%$$ and we extensively discuss current limitations and further research directions.
Regorafenib-Induced Hand‐Foot Skin Reaction Is More Severe on the Feet Than on the Hands (2018)

Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Regorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common side effect during treatment. The reported frequency of HFSR was 80% (grade 3: 28%) in the Japanese subpopulation in the CORRECT trial; however, more detailed data regarding HFSR in terms of onset and sites of susceptibility are unclear. Additionally, the risk factors for regorafenib-induced severe HFSR are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare HFSR between the hands and feet and identify preexisting risk factors for severe HFSR in Japanese patients receiving regorafenib. We retrospectively examined the onset and severity of HFSR on the hands and feet of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib from May 2013 to October 2015 in the Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research. In addition, we examined the possible association between preexisting clinical factors and severe HFSR. Our results showed that no significant difference in the incidence of HFSR of any grade was observed between the hands (71%) and feet (74%) (<i>p</i> = 0.63). The incidence of grade 3 HFSR was more frequent on the feet (33%) than on the hands (8%) (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The onset of grade 3 HFSR was earlier on the feet than on the hands (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No preexisting risk factor was identified. Our findings indicate that severe HFSR was more prevalent on the feet than on the hands, suggesting the need for appropriate screening for early detection and treatment of regorafenib-induced HSFR.
The Case for Junk DNA (2014)

With the advent of deep sequencing technologies and the ability to analyze whole genome sequences and transcriptomes, there has been a growing interest in exploring putative functions of the very large fraction of the genome that is commonly referred to as ''junk DNA.'' Whereas this is an issue of considerable importance in genome biology, there is an unfortunate tendency for researchers and science writers to proclaim the demise of junk DNA on a regular basis without properly addressing some of the fundamental issues that first led to the rise of the concept. In this review, we provide an overview of the major arguments that have been presented in support of the notion that a large portion of most eukaryotic genomes lacks an organism-level function. Some of these are based on observations or basic genetic principles that are decades old, whereas others stem from new knowledge regarding molecular processes such as transcription and gene regulation.
Raised interferon‐β, type 3 interferon and interferon‐stimulated genes – evidence of innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma (2016)

Neutrophilic, but not eosinophilic, asthmatics display overexpression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1/IL-29 and ISGs in their sputum cells that may reflect ongoing innate immune activation.