gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geochemical evolution of soils developed from pyroclastic rocks of Trindade Island, South Atlantic (2020)

The geochemical behavior of the major, minor, trace and rare earths elements (REEs) in soil profiles from ultramafic volcanoclastic rocks of the Vulcão do Paredão and Morro Vermelho Formation from Trindade Island (TI) was analyzed in this study. Losses and gains of chemical elements were calculated through the mass balance for two profiles along the slope: one located at higher altitude (460 m) and the other at lower altitude (258 m). In all profiles, Al, Fe and Ti accumulate due to their low mobility, whereas Ca, Na, K and Mg are the most intensely leached. Soils located at lower altitude show higher K and Mg values in the surface due to the contribution of saline sprays. Leaching of the REEs from higher to the lower slope led to the enrichment of these elements, especially the light REEs, in the soil at the lowest altitude (258 m). The high altitude profile showed Ce positive anomaly due to longer exposure to weathering. The geochemical balance shows a relative enrichment of Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, Zr, S related to the loss of mobile elements during the soil formation process, despite the youthful nature of these volcanic rocks.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Novel Titanosilicate with MWW Topology (2000)

Abstract A novel titanosilicate with the MWW topology hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of boron shows catalytic activity for the liquid-phase oxidation reaction of cyclohexene after removal of the extraframework Ti species by an acid treatment.
Room-Temperature 1.56 µm Electroluminescence of Highly Oriented β-FeSi2/Si Single Heterojunction Prepared by Magnetron-Sputtering Deposition (2002)

β-FeSi2/Si light-emitting devices were prepared by growing continuous and highly oriented β-FeSi2 films on Si (111) substrates using RF magnetron-sputtering deposition with a Fe target. In-plane X-ray diffraction reveals that the epitaxial relationship is such that <001>β-FeSi2//<110>Si, indicating a (110) orientation in the growth direction. Post annealing was performed at 830°C and Al electrodes were deposited on both p-β-FeSi2 and n-Si sides. Room-temperature 1.56 µm electroluminescence was clearly observed from such a simple structure for the first time. Compared with the previously reported results for β-FeSi2 balls or β-FeSi2 precipitates buried in Si, the injection current density is more than one order of magnitude lower, indicating that the nonradiative recombination was effectively suppressed for the junction consisting of a continuous film.
Temperature-dependent micromagnetic model of the antiferromagnet Mn2Au: A multiscale approach (2022)

Antiferromagnets (AFMs) are strong candidates for the future spintronic and memory applications largely because of their inherently fast dynamics and lack of stray fields, with ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{Au}$ being one of the most promising. For the numerical modeling of magnetic material properties, it is common to use ab initio methods, atomistic models, and micromagnetics. However, each method alone describes the physics within certain limits. Multiscale methods bridging the gap between these three approaches have been already proposed for ferromagnetic materials. Here we present a complete multiscale model of the AFM ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{Au}$ as an exemplar material, starting with results from ab initio methods going via atomistic spin dynamics (ASD) to an AFM Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (AFM-LLB) model. First, bulk ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{Au}$ is modelled using a classical spin Hamiltonian constructed based on earlier first-principles calculations. Second, this spin model is used in the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert to calculate temperature-dependent equilibrium properties, such as magnetization and magnetic susceptibilities. Third, the temperature-dependent micromagnetic parameters are used in the AFM-LLB. We validate our approach by comparing the ASD and AFM-LLB models for three paradigmatic cases: (i) damped magnetic oscillations, (ii) magnetization dynamics following a heat pulse resembling pump-probe experiments, and (iii) magnetic domain wall motion under thermal gradients.
Diffusion of Metals in Silicon Dioxide (1986)

The diffusion coefficient and solubilities of several metals (Ag, Cu, Au, Pd, and Ti) have been investigated by bias temperature stress (BTS) of (MOS) structures using the candidate metal as the electrode. Temperatures ranged from 250° to 600°C, and the electric fields ranged from +106 to −106 V/cm in ambients of vacuum (10−6 torr), nitrogen, and forming gas . In dry , the activation energy for silver diffusion is found to be 1.24 eV in the temperature range of 275°–365°C. The diffusion coefficient for silver at 300°C in silicon dioxide is . Copper diffusion has an activation energy of 1.82 eV in the temperature range of 350°–450°C in a forming gas environment and a diffusion coefficient in at 450°C of . A thermodynamic model to predict the activation energy of the solid solubility of these metals in and an interstitial diffusion model, that includes both strain and electrostatic energies, which predicts the diffusion activation energy, have been developed. Diffusion coefficients are estimated from a closed form solution of the diffusion equation and the observed behavior of the metal in .
A 6μm-Precision Pulsed-Coherent Lidar with a 40-dB Tuning Range Inverter-Based Phase-Invariant PGA (2021)

Lidars are becoming common components for remote sensing in many emerging applications such as autonomous vehicle and facial recognition. To accurately visualize the point cloud for further data processing, metrics such as precision, sampling rate, and linearity are important. The concept of a sub-sampling pulsed-coherent lidar system [1] has demonstrated high precision and fast acquisition. The segmented time-of-flight (ToF) algorithm measures the phase shift of the carrier as fine ToF and counts the arrival time of the low-frequency mask's envelope as intermediate and coarse ToF. Fig. 1(a) shows the down-conversion architecture in [1] using a simple LO generation which only uses dividers and a mixer to minimize the clock jitter. The performance based on the coherent detection, however, is limited by several factors. (1) The crosstalk between the reference clock and the echoed signal at the same frequency lowers the sensitivity and the linearity. Specifically, the reference leaks to the incoming signal path hence introducing an in-band spur. At the same time, the received signals with different power pull the clock phase and cause input-dependent phase shifts. (2) I/Q IF channels and two high-speed ADCs are required to reconstruct the mask's envelope leading to high power consumption. Additionally, I/Q mismatch calibration process must be done prior to the normal acquisition. In this work, a local PLL synthesizes the LO to suppress the in-band reference leakage and crosstalk. A two-step down-conversion with digital down-mixing is implemented which improves the power efficiency and immunity to PVT variation without additional calibration. We also propose an inverter-based phase-invariant programmable gain amplifier (PI-PGA) that improves the linearity with a 40-dB tuning range. This calibration-free system achieves 6-μm precision and 30-μm INL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Max</sub> with a 5-MSa/s sampling rate.
1424: THE PRESEPSIN LEVEL ON ICU ADMISSION IS A MARKER OF THE SEVERITY OF ICU PATIENTS (2016)

Tokuda, Kentaro; Maki, Jun; Kaku, Noriyuki; Mizuguchi, Soichi; Fukata, Mitsuhiro; Akahoshi, Tomohiko; Hoka, Sumio; Maehara, Yoshihiko
Matériaux de terre cuite - Propriétés et produits (2009)

Les propriétés des produits de terre cuite sont liées à la quantité d'argile initiale du mélange et à la porosité créée. Suivant le mélange et le procédé, sont obtenus des terres cuites peu poreuses, utilisées dans les tuiles ou les pavés, ou des tessons très poreux et isolants thermiquement, employés dans certaines briques. Les principaux produits de terre cuite sont présentés brièvement : briques apparentes, briques de mur avec briques à perforations horizontales, briques à perforations verticales, briques thermiques « Monomur », briques de cloison, et différents types de tuiles (tuiles plates, tuiles canal et tuiles à emboîtements). Sont évoqués également les bardages, les boisseaux et les pavés.
Time-reversal symmetry breaking in superconductors: A proposed experimental test (1994)

We propose an experiment to test for broken time-reversal symmetry in the high-temperature superconductors. We configure a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in a manner similar to that used recently to test for ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ symmetry, but where one junction is on a crystal face of arbitrary angle. Assuming a ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$+i\ensuremath{\epsilon}${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}\mathit{y}}$ symmetry, we calculate the magnetic diffraction patterns for the SQUID for various values of \ensuremath{\epsilon} and angle. For any nonzero \ensuremath{\epsilon}, i.e., time-reversal symmetry breaking, we find a nonzero circulating current spontaneously arises in the SQUID even in zero applied magnetic field and zero bias current.
Transduction of Neural Precursor Cells with TAT-Heat Shock Protein 70 Chaperone: Therapeutic Potential Against Ischemic Stroke after Intrastriatal and Systemic Transplantation (2012)

Novel therapeutic concepts against cerebral ischemia focus on cell-based therapies in order to overcome some of the side effects of thrombolytic therapy. However, cell-based therapies are hampered because of restricted understanding regarding optimal cell transplantation routes and due to low survival rates of grafted cells. We therefore transplanted adult green fluorescence protein positive neural precursor cells (NPCs) either intravenously (systemic) or intrastriatally (intracerebrally) 6 hours after stroke in mice. To enhance survival of NPCs, cells were in vitro protein-transduced with TAT-heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) before transplantation followed by a systematic analysis of brain injury and underlying mechanisms depending on cell delivery routes. Transduction of NPCs with TAT-Hsp70 resulted in increased intracerebral numbers of grafted NPCs after intracerebral but not after systemic transplantation. Whereas systemic delivery of either native or transduced NPCs yielded sustained neuroprotection and induced neurological recovery, only TAT-Hsp70-transduced NPCs prevented secondary neuronal degeneration after intracerebral delivery that was associated with enhanced functional outcome. Furthermore, intracerebral transplantation of TAT-Hsp70-transduced NPCs enhanced postischemic neurogenesis and induced sustained high levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo. Neuroprotection after intracerebral cell delivery correlated with the amount of surviving NPCs. On the contrary, systemic delivery of NPCs mediated acute neuroprotection via stabilization of the blood-brain-barrier, concomitant with reduced activation of matrix metalloprotease 9 and decreased formation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings imply two different mechanisms of action of intracerebrally and systemically transplanted NPCs, indicating that systemic NPC delivery might be more feasible for translational stroke concepts, lacking a need of in vitro manipulation of NPCs to induce long-term neuroprotection.
Sub-THz wireless system with electronic and optoelectronic transmitters (2021)

The rising traffic demand in mobile networks is pushing the capacity need, especially in the access network. Wireless access integrated with the operator optical fiber network offers mobility and easiness of deployment. The challenge is the provision of wireless broadband capacity paired with the increasing traffic demands. The paper describes a point-to-multipoint fronthaul distribution wireless network at D-band (141 – 148.5 GHz) fed with point-to-point backhaul transport links at G-band (275 – 305 GHz), providing tens of Gb/s data rate. The system is under development in the frame of the European Commission Horizon 2020 ULTRAWAVE “Ultra capacity wireless layer beyond 100 GHz based on millimeter wave”. The D-band transmission hubs are connected to the optical core network through Gb/s class G-band links, based on a microwave photonic transmitter employing uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PD). A field test in real environment is planned to demonstrate the ULTRAWAVE system breakthrough.
Processing of Mn–Zn ferrites using mould casting with acrylic thermosetting binder (2005)

In this paper, a simple manufacturing process for Mn–Zn ferrite powder is described, which can be considered as a modified powder injection moulding process. This method uses acrylic thermosetting resin as the binder. The moulding is carried out at room temperature by directly pouring the slurry (resin and ferrite) in the mould. The mixture is heated at the curing temperature (70°C) of resin to permit polymerisation and cross linking of the polymer. In order to optimise the moulding step, different volume fractions of powder with resin were mixed. The optimal powder load was 50 vol.-%. The best thermal debinding cycle was determined by means of thermo-gravimetric analysis. Sintering was performed according to oxygen partial pressure equilibrium curves at 1330°C for 3 h. Magnetic properties were compared with those obtained by uniaxial compacted parts.
Protein FoldingIn Vivo (2001)

Abstract Proteins are composed of linear chains of amino acids. Upon synthesis in the cell, proteins must acquire a specific three‐dimensional structure, a process known as folding, before they can perform their various functions in the cell.
A nonlinear elastic behavior to identify the mechanical parameters of human skin in vivo (2007)

The obtained results are successfully compared with literature and the reliability of the proposed method is underlined with the identification of 300 additional experimental curves. The different works we are currently focusing on are finally introduced.
Three-dimensional ultrasonic needle tip tracking with a fibre-optic ultrasound receiver (2018)

Ultrasound is frequently used for guiding minimally invasive procedures, but visualizing medical devices is often challenging with this imaging modality. When visualization is lost, the medical device can cause trauma to critical tissue structures. Here, a method to track the needle tip during ultrasound image-guided procedures is presented. This method involves the use of a fiber-optic ultrasound receiver that is affixed within the cannula of a medical needle to communicate ultrasonically with the external ultrasound probe. This custom probe comprises a central transducer element array and side element arrays. In addition to conventional two-dimensional (2D) B-mode ultrasound imaging provided by the central array, three-dimensional (3D) needle tip tracking is provided by the side arrays. For B-mode ultrasound imaging, a standard transmit-receive sequence with electronic beamforming is performed. For ultrasonic tracking, Golay-coded ultrasound transmissions from the 4 side arrays are received by the hydrophone sensor, and subsequently the received signals are decoded to identify the needle tip’s spatial location with respect to the ultrasound imaging probe. As a preliminary validation of this method, insertions of the needle/hydrophone pair were performed in clinically realistic contexts. This novel ultrasound imaging/tracking method is compatible with current clinical workflow, and it provides reliable device tracking during in-plane and out-of-plane needle insertions.
Особенности формирования ионного состава снежного покрова в прибрежной зоне западного сектора арктических морей России (2012)

The results of analysis of ion composition of snow cover in coastal zone of the White, Barents and Kara seas, carried out in 1988–2008 at 43 hydrometeorological stations, are summarized. It has been shown that substantial variability of statistical characteristics and concentration values point out to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the chemical composition of snow cover, influence of many factors on its formation at studied territory. In coastal and marine regions snow cover is enriched by sodium and chlorides. Increased concentrations of sulfates are registered in coastal zone of the Barents and White seas as a result of influence of marine factor. The input of anthropogenic sources of sulfates to the ionic composition of snow cover dominates in central part of Kola Peninsula. In general, formation of chemical composition of snow cover in studied region occurs under influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, and their ration depends on distance from large industrial centers.
Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Metasurfaces for Refractive Index Sensing (2020)

Hybrid metal-dielectric nanostructures have recently gained prominence because they combine strong field enhancement of plasmonic metals and the several low-loss radiation channels of dielectric resonators, which are qualities pertaining to the best of both worlds. In this work, an array of such hybrid nanoantennas is successfully fabricated over a large area and utilized for bulk refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of 208 nm/RIU. Each nanoantenna combines a Si cylinder with an Al disk, separated by a SiO<sub>2</sub> spacer. Its optical response is analyzed in detail using the multipoles supported by its subparts and their mutual coupling. The nanoantenna is further modified experimentally with an undercut in the SiO<sub>2</sub> region to increase the interaction of the electric field with the background medium, which augments the sensitivity to 245 nm/RIU. A detailed multipole analysis of the hybrid nanoantenna supports our experimental findings.
Non-separable Nearest-Neighbor Gaussian Process Model for Antarctic Surface Mass Balance and Ice Core Site Selection (2018)

Surface mass balance (SMB) is an important factor in the estimation of sea level change, and data are collected to estimate models for prediction of SMB over the Antarctic ice sheets. Using a quality-controlled aggregate dataset of SMB field measurements with significantly more observations than previous analyses, a fully Bayesian nearest-neighbor Gaussian process model is posed to estimate Antarctic SMB and propose new field measurement locations. A corresponding Antarctic SMB map is rendered using this model and is compared with previous estimates. A prediction uncertainty map is created to identify regions of high SMB uncertainty. The model estimates net SMB to be 2345 Gton $\text{yr}^{-1}$, with 95% credible interval (2273,2413) Gton $\text{yr}^{-1}$. Overall, these results suggest lower Antarctic SMB than previously reported. Using the model's uncertainty quantification, we propose 25 new measurement sites for field study utilizing a design to minimize integrated mean squared error.
Understanding the role of haptic feedback in a teleoperated/prosthetic grasp and lift task (2013)

Achieving dexterous volitional control of an upper-limb prosthetic device will require multimodal sensory feedback that goes beyond vision. Haptic display is well-positioned to provide this additional sensory information. Haptic display, however, includes a diverse set of modalities that encode information differently. We have begun to make a comparison between two of these modalities, force feedback spanning the elbow, and amplitude-modulated vibrotactile feedback, based on performance in a functional grasp and lift task. In randomly ordered trials, we assessed the performance of N=11 participants (8 able-bodied, 3 amputee) attempting to grasp and lift an object using an EMG controlled gripper under three feedback conditions (no feedback, vibrotactile feedback, and force feed-back), and two object weights that were undetectable by vision. Preliminary results indicate differences between able-bodied and amputee participants in coordination of grasp and lift forces. In addition, both force feedback and vibrotactile feedback contribute to significantly better task performance (fewer slips) and better adaptation following an unpredicted weight change. This suggests that the development and utilization of internal models for predictive control is more intuitive in the presence of haptic feedback.
A novel method and fast algorithm for MR image reconstruction with significantly under-sampled data (2010)

The aim of this work is to improve the accuracy, robustness andefficiency of the compressed sensing reconstruction technique inmagnetic resonance imaging. We propose a novel variational modelthat enforces the sparsity of the underlying image in terms of itsspatial finite differences and representation with respect to adictionary. The dictionary is trained using prior information toimprove accuracy in reconstruction. In the meantime the proposedmodel enforces the consistency of the underlying image with acquireddata by using the maximum likelihood estimator of the reconstructionerror in partial $k$-space to improve the robustness to parameterselection. Moreover, a simple and fast numerical scheme is providedto solve this model. The experimental results on both synthetic andin vivo data indicate the improvement of the proposed model inpreservation of fine structures, flexibility of parameter decision, and reduction of computational cost.
Nanometer-precision surface metrology of millimeter-size stepped objects using full-cascade-linked synthetic-wavelength digital holography using a line-by-line full-mode-extracted optical frequency comb (2023)

Digital holography (DH) is a powerful tool for surface profilometry of objects with sub-wavelength precision. In this article, we demonstrate full-cascade-linked synthetic-wavelength DH (FCL-SW-DH) for nanometer-precision surface metrology of millimeter-size stepped objects. 300 modes of optical frequency comb (OFC) with different wavelengths are sequentially extracted at a step of mode spacing from a 10GHz-spacing, 3.72THz-spanning electro-optic modulator OFC (EOM-OFC). The resulting 299 synthetic wavelengths and a single optical wavelength are used to generate a fine-step wide-range cascade link covering within a wavelength range of 1.54 um to 29.7 mm. We determine the 0.1000mm-stepped surface with axial uncertainty of 6.1 nm within the maximum axial range of 14.85 mm.