gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical evaluation of pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) for depth profiling of port wine stain skin (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of single and dual wavelength excitation pulsed photothermal radiometry (SWE- and DWE-PPTR, respectively) to profile port wine stain (PWS) skin. To this end, a numerical optical-thermal model was developed, incorporating a digitized PWS biopsy as the input skin geometry. Both SWE and DWE reconstructed depth profiles were obtained by applying an iterative, nonnegatively constrained conjugate gradient algorithm to the computed PPTR signals. The accuracy of determining the following clinically significant parameters from our reconstructions was determined: (1) average epidermal thickness (Z<sub>epi</sub>), (2) maximum epidermal temperature rise (&Delta;T<sub>epi,max</sub>), (3) initial PWS depth (Z<sub>PWS</sub>), and (4) depth of maximum PWS temperature rise (Z<sub>PWS,max</sub>). In the SWE-PPTR reconstruction, key parameters such as Z<sub>epi</sub> and Z<sub>PWS</sub> could not be determined. Comparison of the epidermal profiles of the actual and DWE-PPTR profiles revealed a good quantitative match in Z<sub>epi</sub> and &Delta;T<sub>epi,max</sub>. Comparison of the PWS profiles revealed that Z<sub>PWS</sub> and Z<sub>PWS,max</sub> are determined within 25% and 11%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that DWE-PPTR is a viable tool for depth profiling of PWS skin.
Front-end CMOS electronics for monolithic integration with CMUT arrays: Circuit design and initial experimental results (2008)

This paper discusses design of CMOS-ASICs for monolithic integration of CMUT arrays by post-CMOS fabrication. We describe design strategies for monolithic integration and demonstrate the advantages of CMUT-on-CMOS approach. On the same wafer, separate sets of IC cells are designed to interface different types of CMUT arrays for IVUS and ICE applications. Circuit topologies include resistive feedback transimpedance amplifiers on the receiver side, along with multiplexers and buffers. Gains and bandwidths of receiving amplifiers are optimized separately to fit different array specifications such as number of elements, element size and operation bandwidth. To drive CMUTs a high voltage pulser array is designed in the same 3.3V unmodified CMOS technology by combining existing technological layers in an unconventional way. CMUT arrays are then built on top of the custom made 8" wafer containing these circuits fabricated in a 0.35 mum standard CMOS process. We present initial characterization of the CMOS electronics and pulse-echo measurements obtained post-CMOS fabricated CMUT elements.
Large scale autonomous computing systems (2005)

The growth in size and popularity of the Internet has led to several wide area computing efforts where the computing power of several thousands of machines are combined together. As these systems grow in size, it becomes increasingly difficult to control and monitor them using a client-server-like architecture. Introducing decentralization and autonomy in these systems seems to be the obvious solution. Autonomy has several advantages. These include easy scaling, removal of single points of failure, cost-effective deployment and greater promotes collaborative environments. However, autonomous systems present certain challenges as well. The absence of server- like nodes make it difficult to locate and manage available resources, schedule tasks efficiently across them, assure security and develop applications that can make use of these powerful platforms. This dissertation addresses some of these issues. We present autonomous techniques for resource location, task scheduling and programmability in large scale computing systems. Our work tries to answer the question 'Do autonomous solutions of these issues achieve same (or comparable) performance benefits as their centralized counterparts?' We propose GUARD, a protocol for locating computing resources in a completely autonomous environment. GUARD can locate resources matching single or multiple parameters and it provides a trade off between efficiency and probability of success. We then discuss A-FAST, a decentralized scheduling technique for homogeneous independent tasks, that uses the notion of pressure from fluid networks to autonomously guide tasks to resources. Simulations show A- FAST to achieve a high level of efficiency (≈98% of optimal steady state throughput) for both computation and communication dominated tasks. The dissertation also discusses a programming platform that we designed and implemented to allow the development of applications for decentralized environments. Our platform allows programmers to develop code without having knowledge of the underlying system and allows platform-specific information to be fed to the program at runtime. We show how this platform can be used to generate code that adapts to several situations without changing the original program or involving the programmer in the scheduling decisions
Optomechanical design of TMT NFIRAOS Subsystems at INO (2017)

The adaptive optics system for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is the Narrow-Field InfraRed Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS). Recently, INO has been involved in the optomechanical design of several subsystems of NFIRAOS, including the Instrument Selection Mirror (ISM), the NFIRAOS Beamsplitters (NBS), and the NFIRAOS Source Simulator system (NSS) comprising the Focal Plane Mask (FPM), the Laser Guide Star (LGS) sources, and the Natural Guide Star (NGS) sources. This paper presents an overview of these subsystems and the optomechanical design approaches used to meet the optical performance requirements under environmental constraints.
Better to organize personal information by folders or by tags?: The devil is in the details (2008)

Abstract People can organize information items by placing them into folders or by tagging them with labels. Over the years there has been considerable discussion on the relative merits of folders vs. labels. But there is relatively little empirical data directly comparing people's experiences with each model of organization on comparable sets of information. We compared participants' experiences organizing information with both folders and labels over time. Results indicate that each model has its strengths and weaknesses when assessed with respect to basic activities of personal information management (PIM) such as keeping, organizing and re‐finding. Results afford a deeper, more detailed understanding of each model in practice. This understanding is achieved by engaging participants in an active, “hands‐on” comparison of models over a period of time. Study results point to syntheses in tool support for organizing information that might combine strengths of folders and labels while avoiding the inadvertent introduction of weaknesses from these models.
Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing (2018)

Many bioinks formulations have been reported from cell-biomaterials based bioinks to cell-based bioinks such as cell aggregates and tissue spheroids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Interestingly, more tunable bioinks, which are biocompatible for live cells, printable and mechanically stable after printing are emerging with the help of functional polymeric biomaterials, their modifications and blending of cells and hydrogels. These approaches show the immense potential of these bioinks to produce more complex tissue/organ structures using 3D bioprinting in the future.
Ultrasound : an alternative solution for removing tattoos (2005)

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Programas de prevención primaria de la drogadicción : análisis comparado (1995)

LA INVESTIGACION PRESENTADA TIENE COMO OBJETO PRINCIPAL EL ANALISIS COMPARADO DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE PREVENCION DEL CONSUMO DE DROGAS, APLICADOS DURANTE LA SEGUNDA PARTE DE LA DECADA DE LOS OCHENTA Y PRINCIPIOS DE LOS NOVENTA TANTO A NIVEL NACIONAL COMO INTERNACIONAL. EL ESTUDIO CONSTA DE DOS PARTES DIFERENCIADAS. EN LA PRIMERA, COMPUESTA POR CUATRO CAPITULOS, SE ANALIZAN LOS REFERENTES TEORICOS DE LA INVESTIGACION, QUE INCLUYEN LA PRESENTACION DE UN MODELO DE APRENDIZAJE DEL COMPORTAMIENTO ADICTIVO, ASI COMO LA REVISION DE AQUELLOS MAS IMPORTANTES QUE HAN APARECIDO EN DISTINTOS AMBITOS, CON LA FINALIDAD DE EXPLICAR Y CONTROLAR LA SITUACION DE ADICCION CRECIENTE. EN FUNCION DE ESTOS MODELOS SE ANALIZAN LAS PRINCIPALES ESTRATEGIAS PREVENTIVAS (ORIENTADAS TANTO A LA REDUCCION DE LA DEMANDA COMO DE LA OFERTA DE DROGAS) QUE HAN IDO APARECIENDO, JUNTO A UNA VALORACION DE LAS MISMAS. PARA FINALIZAR, EN ESTA PRIMERA PARTE, SE DESCRIBE LA METODOLOGIA DESARROLLADA PARA LLEVAR A CABO EL ESTUDIO: EL METODO COMPARADO SE HA MOSTRADO COMO EL MAS IDONEO PARA REALIZAR DICHA INVESTIGACION. EN LA SEGUNDA PARTE DEL ESTUDIO SE ACOTA EL OBJETO DE ESTUDIO Y SE ANALIZAN, EN BASE A LAS UNIDADES DE COMPARACION ESTABLECIDAS, DIVERSOS PROGRAMAS DE PREVENCION DEL CONSUMO DE DROGAS (ESCOLAR Y COMUNITARIO) PERTENECIENTES TANTO AL AMBITO NACIONAL COMO INTERNACIONAL. DE ESTOS PROGRAMAS SE HA REALIZADO UN ANALISIS DESCRIPTIVO E INTERPRETATIVO, EN BASE A UNAS DETERMINADAS CATEGORIAS DE COMPARACION. ENTRE LAS QUE DESTACAMOS: AMBITO DE APLICACION, FILOSOFIA DEL PROGRAMA, OBJETIVOS, ESTRATEGIAS FASES Y EVALUACION. LA FINALIDAD ULTIMA DE LA INVESTIGACION, EL ANALISIS COMPARADO, SE APORTA AL FINAL DEL ESTUDIO MEDIANTE LA YUXTAPOSICION DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DEL AMBITO NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL.
[Myocutaneous flaps in cervicofacial oncology. Results apropos of 87 patients]. (1984)

Results are reported of the use of 93 musculocutaneous flaps, distinction being drawn between those used for secondary reconstruction and those employed during surgical excision. Secondary flaps were used to close 19 pharyngostomies, 10 orostomies, and 2 necrotic skin lesions, and for reconstruction of a circular pharyngectomy. Large radiation doses had been given in 29 of these 32 patients. Treatment was a total failure in 3 cases, and was partially ineffective in 5 patients, with the need for alternative surgery. Flaps obtained during initial surgery (57 cases) included 33 patients treated by radiation. Partial healing was obtained in 5 cases but the treatment was unsuccessful in 4 cases: all on previously radiated tissue. Unfavourable factors are mainly previous radiation and the hypopharyngeal site of loss of substance. Indications for the different types of flap are discussed.
Digital Holography Display (2) (2011)

This paper describes the extension work from the last Digital Holography Projector System. From the developed works shows that, some unforeseen factors have created the difficulties for the system alignment. Such factors are the DMD frame rate, light source and diffractive zero order. It is really the challenging development works to achieve the virtual 3D model display on the high speed rotation screen. The three most key factors are emphasizing: 1) The display device's frame rate; 2) The light source orientation angle; and 3) The zero order filtering optic. 1) This device's is the digital micro mirror, in short is DMD. It is the high speed switching device has developed by the most recent technology. The switching frame rate can go up as high as 291fps. At first, the 8 bits depth file must be digitalized and stored for DMD onboard Ram. The digitalized data are transmitting from the PC USB to DMD onboard Ram. Instead of the data are downloading directly from the PC to DVI or VGA during display, this downloading method cause slower down the display speed, which is the common frame rate of 30 Hz. Next, the onboard Ram data then transfer to the DMD mirror's for display, at the 8 bits 291 fps speed. At this frame rate, the display 2D image can almost cover for 10 of out of the 360 0 in 1 revolution. 2) This laser light source must be installed such that free for orientated in any arbitrary angle from 220 to 450. Which is normalized to the DMD mirrors and the brief sketch show on figure (a). The purpose of orientated the light source is ensure that multi diffractive order would be reflected straight from the mirrors. (This multi diffractive order is the phenomenon of the digital micro mirror's characteristic). This mean, the reconstruct images would be followed the DMD normalized direction reflected up to fibre conduit. Moreover, this orientated method install of the laser light source is making space for other optical lenses or device driver/controller. Because, all equipments and components can be easy line up and mounted in the compartment. 3) This solid 6 mm diameter fibre conduit is implemented to transmit the higher diffractive image, it is also the brightest and clearer image as compare to other lower order images. This means many of the lower order and blurred images would be neglected for display and consider as the energy lost.
Spatial-Decomposition Analysis of Electrical Conductivity in Mixtures of Ionic Liquid and Sodium Salt for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrolytes (2021)

Ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolytes are a promising material for the development of sodium-ion batteries, and their performance can be quantified by electrical conductivity. In this highly concentrated ionic system, the correlated motions of ion pairs are influential on the ionic transport properties. Herein, all-atom analyses are conducted through molecular dynamics simulations to bridge the macroscopically observable electrical conductivity with the molecular pictures of correlated motion of ion pairs. The analysis is applied to three mixtures of IL with sodium salt that are relevant to the electrolyte for a sodium-ion battery: [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, Na][bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide] ([C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>im, Na][FSA]), [<i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-propylpyrrolidinium, Na][FSA] ([C<sub>3</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pyrr, Na][FSA]), and [K, Na][FSA]. The computational results on electrical conductivities are in agreement with the experimental reports, and their dependency on temperature and sodium-ion composition is reproduced well. The overall contributions from cross-correlated motions are found to be negative in all the IL mixtures; thus, the total conductivities are less than their Nernst-Einstein estimates. The spatial view of cross-correlated motions is further obtained by decomposing the time correlation functions of velocities according to the distances between ion pairs. It is observed that ion pairs are moving in the same direction for ∼0.3 ps when they were initially within the first coordination shell, followed by motions toward opposite directions. The cross-correlation terms are also dissected into local and nonlocal components, and it is commonly seen for all the ion pairs that the local component is negative for cation-anion pairs and is positive for cation-cation and anion-anion pairs. The motions of ion pairs are accompanied by a "backflow" that manifests in the form of the nonlocal component whose sign is opposite to the corresponding local component. In fact, the contributions of the correlated motions of ions to the electrical conductivity are not localized to contact pairs and extend spatially beyond the first coordination shell of the cation-anion pairs.
Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry for the surface characterization of solid-state pharmaceuticals (2007)

Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a highly surface sensitive analytical method for surface chemical identification and surface chemical distribution analysis (mapping). Here we have explored the application of ToF-SIMS for the characterization of solid-state pharmaceuticals and highlight specific case studies concerning the distribution and stability of pharmaceutical actives within solid matrices (pellets and polymeric carriers) and the face-specific properties of pharmaceutical crystals.
Bio-impedance body composition comparisons between athletes and healthy subjects (2013)

Body composition is a useful means for athletes' body composition assessment, relying on reference population data. This study aims at comparing body composition multifrequency impedance data of athletes and healthy adult populations. Differences were found in tissular, hydration and metabolic indices. They were significant, in the expected direction, but quite weak and additional data from reference technologies would set if specific equations are needed. The current ones are nevertheless suitable for reliable follow-up studies.
Mobile positioning technologies in cellular networks: an evaluation of their performance metrics (2003)

Effective evaluation of positioning methods in order to give fair results when comparing different positioning technologies requires performance measurements applicable to all the positioning technologies for mobile positioning. In this paper, we outline and compare five major performance measures namely, accuracy, reliability, availability, latency, and applicability, and how they apply to positioning technologies.
Robust Bayesian moment tensor inversion using Transport-Lagrangian distances (2019)

Moment tensor inversion typically involves minimization of a misfit function between observed and model predicted waveforms. In both the deterministic and stochastic inversion frameworks, a widely used misfit function is the ℓ2 distance. In this work we argue that ℓp distances are not well suited to comparing waveforms or, more generally, functional data. In fact, ℓp distances ignore the “horizontal” time structure of the signal and measure similarities in amplitude only, at each time point. This can have a detrimental effect on the quality of moment tensor estimates, particularly when the accuracy of the model used for inversion (e.g., the velocity model) is poor. Recently, optimal transport distances have been demonstrated as useful alternatives to ℓp distances in the context of full waveform inversion. In this paper we apply a specific type of Wasserstein distance, called the TLp distance, to the problem of moment tensor estimation, and we evaluate its robustness to misspecification of the velocity model. We cast our approach in a Bayesian statistical framework. Advantages of this distance over the classic ℓ2 and other Wasserstein-type distances are discussed theoretically and through some numerical examples. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 9:20 AM Presentation Time: 9:45 AM Location: Poster Station 9 Presentation Type: Poster
A Regular Matching Constraint for String Variables (2023)

Using a regular language as a pattern for string matching is nowadays a common -and sometimes unsafe- operation, provided as a built-in feature by most programming languages. A proper constraint solver over string variables should support most of the operations over regular expressions and related constructs. However, state-of-the-art string solvers natively support only the membership relation of a string variable to a regular language. Here we take a step forward by defining a specialised propagator for the match operation, returning the leftmost position where a pattern can match a given string. Empirical evidences show the effectiveness of our approach, implemented within the constraint programming framework, and tested against state-of-the-art string solvers.
Prediction of optimum fibre lengths for erbium doped fibre amplifiers (1991)

An accurate, efficient and simple method for the calculation of optimum fibre lengths for erbium doped fibre amplifiers is presented.
Neural network Based tuning of the Initial Congestion Window of Thin-streamed Application Traffic (2022)

The thin-streamed application traffic (such as gaming and Internet of Things IoT) has recently dominated internet traffic. The TCP congestion control mechanisms are mainly designed for large flows to improve the throughput and maintain fairness. The initial congestion window impacts the thin-stream application flow completion time (FCT) to a more considerable extent. We propose a simple Neural network-based initial congestion window (INITCWND) tuning that understands the network conditions and thereby adapts the INITCWND to an optimal value. We evaluate our proposed method with the legacy static INITCWND with the default value. Our simulation and live-air experimental results show that our proposed method enhances the FCT significantly compared to the legacy method. We also offer a per-socket INITCWND tuning that can help the application set different INITCWND based on the type of service.
Polyphosphate-induced thrombosis in mice is factor XII dependent and is attenuated by histidine-rich glycoprotein (2021)

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein that binds factor XIIa (FXIIa) and inhibits factor XII (FXII) autoactivation and FXIIa-mediated activation of FXI. Polyphosphate (polyP), a potent procoagulant released from activated platelets, may serve as a physiological activator of the contact system. Previously, we showed that HRG binds DNA and neutralizes its procoagulant activity. Consequently, our goal was to determine whether the capacity of HRG to bind polyanions enables it to regulate polyP-induced thrombosis. In a plate-based assay, immobilized polyP bound HRG, FXII, and FXIIa in a zinc-dependent manner. Basal and polyP-induced thrombin generation was greater in plasma from HRG-deficient mice than in plasma from wild-type mice. Intraperitoneal injection of polyP shortened the activated partial thromboplastin time, enhanced thrombin generation, increased thrombin-antithrombin levels, reduced lung perfusion, and promoted pulmonary fibrin deposition to a greater extent in HRG-deficient mice than in wild-type mice, effects that were abrogated with FXII knockdown. HRG thus attenuates the procoagulant and prothrombotic effects of polyP in an FXII-dependent manner by modulating the contact system.
Diagnostic value of neurotrophin expression in malignant pleural effusions (2011)

Neurotrophins (NTs) modulate the growth of human malignancies, including lung cancers. Our prospective study evaluated the accuracy of pleural NTs [nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (nT3) and 4 (nT4)] levels for differentiating benign from malignant pleural exudates. Levels of NTs were measured by ELISA in 170 patients with non-neutrophilic (<50%) exudative benign or malignant pleurisies diagnosed by pleuroscopy. Fifty-nine benign (9 infections and 50 inflammatory diseases) and 111 malignant (50 extrathoracic tumors, 51 lung cancers and 10 mesotheliomas) pleural exudates were diagnosed by thoracoscopy. Levels of BDNF were significantly higher in malignant than in benign effusions [17 pg/ml (0-367) vs. 8 pg/ml (0-51), p<0.05]. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.609 (p=0.012; best threshold 44 pg/ml). Pleural BDNF levels were significantly higher in pleural metastasis of pulmonary tumors and in mesothelioma than in pleural benign effusions. Finally, a higher proportion of pleural nT3 was detected in squamous cell lung carcinoma in comparison to that in non-squamous cell lung carcinoma (72.7 vs. 10%, p<0.0001). NTs and particularly BDNF may play a role in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural effusions.