gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"The use of a combination of X-ray computerised tomography, computer modelling and 3D printing in the study, repair and manufacture of gaming pieces" (2016)

Our East Anglia-based research group has used Computerized Tomography (CT) and 3D printing in combination with CAD and 3D modelling software to study chess pieces made of a number of different materials. We discuss some of our results and findings with particular reference to complete and incomplete nineteenth-century Cantonese ivory chessmen.

We used both hospital CT and a micro-CT scanners to study chess pieces manufactured from ivory, bone and wood as well as various resins and plastic materials. The mean X-ray attenuation values of the different materials were measured using TomoMask while external and internal 3D structures were studied using the Disect viewer . The 3D X-ray data was converted to various computer formats for further manipulation before final 3D printing. 

The intricate external and internal features of various sized nineteenth-century Cantonese ivory chess pieces that were either complete, incomplete or broken that were examined by micro-CT could be faithfully reproduced when 3D printed. Furthermore, the structure of each individual ball-within-a-ball of the puzzle-ball bases could also be studied individually, giving further insight as to how they were made.

CT, CAD, 3D modelling and 3D printing technologies can be used to both study individual chessmen (or indeed pieces from any other type of game) as well as to produce highly accurate and pleasing replicas in many different materials including bronze, silver, ceramic, sandstone and nylon.
Iodine Quantification to Distinguish Clear Cell from Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma at Dual-Energy Multidetector CT: A Multireader Diagnostic Performance Study (2014)

Dual-energy multidetector CT with iodine quantification can be used to distinguish between clear cell and papillary RCC renal cell carcinoma , and it provides insights regarding the tumor grade.
Design, synthesis and anticoagulant studies of new antistasin isoform 2 and 3 amide analogues (2009)

One of the most important enzymes in blood coagulation cascade is Factor Xa. That is why its inhibitors are promising alternative against thrombotic disorders. In our previous work, we reported the synthesis of hybrid structure between isoform 2 and 3 of antistasin and the active sequences D-Phe-Pro-Arg; D-Arg-Gly-Arg; Phe-Ile-Arg and Tyr-Ile-Arg. Besides the analogues with C-terminal COOH group, the peptide D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Pro-Lys-Arg-NH 2 was synthesized. The biological activity of the last one was 60 times bigger than that of the natural isoform 3 of ATS and some times more active than that of the all other synthesized analogues. In the current work, we described synthesis and biological activity of C-terminal amide analogues of all early synthesized peptides in order to deduce the structure-activity relationship. The anticoagulant activity according to the APTT and IC 50 was determined.
Fluorophore‐labeled carbohydrate analysis of immunoglobulin fusion proteins: Correlation of oligosaccharide content with in vivo clearance profile (1995)

CTLA4 is a membrane receptor on cytotoxic T cells whose interaction with the B7 counterreceptor on B cells is important in alloantigen responses. Soluble recombinant human and murine CTLA4 were produced using either Chinese hamster ovary or NS-0 cell lines. Expression vectors were constructed containing the gene coding for the extracellular domain of CTLA4 fused to either human lgG1 hinge, CH2, and CH3 domains or murine lgG2a hinge, CH2, and CH3 domain genes. These glycoproteins were produced in hollow-fiber or packed-bed-type bioreactors and purified from conditioned media by protein A affinity chromatography. Batches of purified CTLA4lg were analyzed for size, composition, and isoelectric point (pl) patterns by standard protein methods; oligosaccharide and monosaccharide profiles using several carbohydrate specific techniques; and in vivo clearance profiles using a murine model. Significant differences were observed between lots in their pl, clearance, and crbohydrate profiles. Higher overall pl values correlated with accelerated alpha-phase clearance and changes in oligosaccharide composition as determined by lectin binding analysis and electrophoresis of fluorophore-conjugated carbohydrates. Preparations exhibiting slower clearance profiles had oligosaccharides with higher quantities of N-acetylneuraminic acid and were predominantly of an N-linked biantennary complex-type. Conversely, batches with accelerated clearance profiles had less detectable N-acetylneuraminic acid. Oligosaccharides from murine CTLA4lg produced in NS-0 cells had terminal N-glycolylneuraminic acid but no detectable N-acetylneuraminic acid and had concomitant accelerated clearance. These data suggest that the presence and quantity of N-acetylneuraminic acid is an important component in predicting CTLA4lg plasma clearance rates and that production lots can be analyzed for oligosaccharide heterogeneity and sialic acid content by electrophoresis of fluorophore-conjugated carbohydrates. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA Clone of UDP-Galactose: Flavonoid 3-0-Galactosyltransferase (UF3GaT) Expressed in Vigna mungo Seedlings (1998)

Four cDNA clones were isolated from Vigna mungo seedlings by the screening with cDNA encoding UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) of Antirrhinum majus as a probe; the product of the gene corresponding to one cDNA was more highly expressed in the first simple leaves than in stems. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed 1,691 bp (including 326 bp non-reading) containing an open reading frame of 455 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 42% and 23% identity with those of A. majus UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) and Petunia hybrida UDP-rhamnose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase (RT), respectively. One region of the cDNA (amino acids 325 to 387) showed similarity to ceramide UDP-galactosyltransferases of mice, rats and humans. A crude extract from Escherichia coli, in which the protein was expressed from the cDNA, showed high UF3GaT activity but low UF3GT activity, and was similar in K(m), optimal pH and substrate specificity to UF3GaT from V. mungo. We conclude that we have obtained UDP-galactose:flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase (UF3GaT) cDNA from V. mungo.
A signature of the T → R transition in human hemoglobin (2001)

Allosteric effects in hemoglobin arise from the equilibrium between at least two energetic states of the molecule: a tense state, T, and a relaxed state, R. The two states differ from each other in the number and energy of the interactions between hemoglobin subunits. In the T state, constraints between subunits oppose the structural changes resulting from ligand binding. In the R state, these constraints are released, thus enhancing ligand-binding affinity. In the present work, we report the presence of four sites in hemoglobin that are structurally stabilized in the R relative to the T state. These sites are His alpha 103(G10) and His alpha 122(H5) in each alpha subunit of hemoglobin. They are located at the alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(2) interfaces of the hemoglobin tetramer, where the histidine side chains form hydrogen bonds with specific residues from the beta chains. We have measured the solvent exchange rates of side chain protons of His alpha 103(G10) and His alpha 122(H5) in both deoxygenated and ligated hemoglobin by NMR spectroscopy. The exchange rates were found to be higher in the deoxygenated-T than in ligated-R state. Analysis of exchange rates in terms of the local unfolding model revealed that the structural stabilization free energy at each of these two histidines is larger by approximately 1.5 kcal/(mol tetramer) in the R relative to the T state. The location of these histidines at the intradimeric alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(2) interfaces also suggests a role for these interfaces in the allosteric equilibrium of hemoglobin.
Genetic and Epigenetic Control of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ib Gene HLA‐G in Trophoblast Cell Lines (2009)

The transcriptional regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) Ib gene HLA-G differs from the classical MHC class I genes. The cis-acting regulatory elements typical for classical MHC class I promoters are divergent in the promoter of HLA-G, rendering this gene unresponsive to NF-kappaB, IRF-1, and class II transactivator (CIITA)-mediated activation pathways. However, as we have previously shown, transactivation of HLA-G is regulated by CREB-1. Because CREB-1 is ubiquitously expressed, this observation does not explain the tissue-restricted expression of HLA-G in extravillous cytotrophoblasts. Using HLA-G-expressing JEG-3 cells and HLA-G-deficient JAR trophoblast-derived choriocarcinoma cells as a model, we have investigated the contribution of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the transcriptional activation of HLA-G. Despite similar levels of DNA methylation both in JEG3 and JAR cells, we found the levels of histone acetylation in HLA-G promoter chromatin to be significantly enhanced in JEG3 cells coinciding with HLA-G expression.
A Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probe for Calcium Waves in Living Tissue (2007)

Intracellular messaging: The novel two-photon fluorescent probe ACa1 can visualize calcium waves in cells and living tissue for a long period of time and without any mistargeting problems (see picture). The probe is capable of monitoring the calcium waves at a depth of about 150 μm in living tissues for more than 1100 s and with no photobleaching artifacts. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701720_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Diversity versus channel knowledge at finite block-length (2012)

We study the maximal achievable rate R*(n, ∈) for a given block-length n and block error probability o over Rayleigh block-fading channels in the noncoherent setting and in the finite block-length regime. Our results show that for a given block-length and error probability, R*(n, ∈) is not monotonic in the channel's coherence time, but there exists a rate maximizing coherence time that optimally trades between diversity and cost of estimating the channel.
Colloidal dispersions of surfactant-stabilized polypyrrole particles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColloidal dispersions of surfactant-stabilized polypyrrole particlesC. DeArmitt and S. P. ArmesCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 3, 652–654Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00027a007https://doi.org/10.1021/la00027a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views864Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards a Business Process Management Maturity Model (2005)

Business Process Management (BPM) has been identified as the number one business priority by a recent Gartner study (Gartner, 2005). However, BPM has a plethora of facets as its origins are in Business Process Reengineering, Process Innovation, Process Modelling, and Workflow Management to name a few. Organisations increasingly recognize the requirement for an increased process orientation and require appropriate comprehensive frameworks, which help to scope and evaluate their BPM initiative. This research project aims toward the development of a holistic and widely accepted BPM maturity model, which facilitates the assessment of BPM capabilities. This paper provides an overview about the current model with a focus on the actual model development utilizing a series of Delphi studies. The development process includes separate studies that focus on further defining and expanding the six core factors within the model, i.e. strategic alignment, governance, method, Information Technology, people and culture.
Low-power high-performance FinFET sequential circuits (2007)

Scaling of single-gate bulk MOSFET faces great challenges in the nanometer regime due to the severe short-channel effects that cause an exponential increase in the leakage power. Double-gate MOSFET technologies mitigate this limitation by providing an excellent control over a thin silicon body with two electrically coupled gates. FinFET is the most attractive choice among the double-gate transistor architectures because of the self alignment of the two gates and the similarity of the fabrication steps to the existing standard CMOS technology. In this paper, new sequential circuits based on independent-gate FinFETs are proposed to simultaneously reduce the power consumption and the circuit area. With the proposed independently biased double-gate FinFET sequential circuits, the active power consumption, the leakage power, the clock power, and the circuit area are reduced by up to 46%, 42%, 26%, and 20%, respectively, as compared to the standard sequential circuits with tied-gate FinFETs.
User Association and Interference Management in Massive MIMO HetNets (2015)

Two key traits of 5G cellular networks are much higher base station (BS) densities - especially in the case of low-power BSs - and the use of massive MIMO at these BSs. This paper explores how massive MIMO can be used to jointly maximize the offloading gains and minimize the interference challenges arising from adding small cells. We consider two interference management approaches: joint transmission (JT) with local precoding, where users are served simultaneously by multiple BSs without requiring channel state information exchanges among cooperating BSs, and resource blanking, where some macro BS resources are left blank to reduce the interference in the small cell downlink. A key advantage offered by massive MIMO is channel hardening, which enables to predict instantaneous rates a priori. This allows us to develop a unified framework, where resource allocation is cast as a network utility maximization (NUM) problem, and to demonstrate large gains in cell-edge rates based on the NUM solution. We propose an efficient dual subgradient based algorithm, which converges towards the NUM solution. A scheduling scheme is also proposed to approach the NUM solution. Simulations illustrate more than 2x rate gain for 10th percentile users vs. an optimal association without interference management.
Enantioselective Syntheses of FR901464 and Spliceostatin A: Potent Inhibitors of Spliceosome (2013)

Enantioselective syntheses of FR901464 and spliceostatin A, potent spliceosome inhibitors, are described. The synthesis of FR901464 has been accomplished in a convergent manner in 10 linear steps (20 total steps). The A-tetrahydropyran ring was constructed from (R)-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde. The functionalized tetrahydropyran B-ring was synthesized utilizing a Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction, an Achmatowicz reaction, and a stereoselective Michael addition as the key steps. Coupling of A- and B-ring fragments was accomplished via cross-metathesis.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy on Layered Photosystem II Membrane Particles Suggests Manganese-Centered Oxidation of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex for the S0-S1, S1-S2, and S2-S3 Transitions of the Water Oxidation Cycle (1998)

By application of microsecond light flashes the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) was driven through its functional cycle, the S-state cycle. The S-state population distribution obtained by the application of n flashes (n = 0. 6) was determined by analysis of EPR spectra; Mn K-edge X-ray absorption spectra were collected. Taking into consideration the likely statistical error in the data and the variability stemming from the use of three different approaches for the determination of edge positions, we obtained an upshift of the edge position by 0.8-1.5, 0.5-0.9, and 0.6-1.3 eV for the S0-S1, S1-S2, and S2-S3 transitions, respectively, and a downshift by 2.3-3.1 eV for the S3-S0 transition. These results are highly suggestive of Mn oxidation state changes for all four S-state transitions. In the S0-state spectrum, a clearly resolved shoulder in the X-ray spectrum around 6555 eV points toward the presence of Mn(II). We propose that photosynthetic oxygen evolution involves cycling of the photosystem II manganese complex through four distinct oxidation states of this tetranuclear complex: Mn(II)-Mn(III)-Mn(IV)2 in the S0-state, Mn(III)2-Mn(IV)2 in the S1-state, Mn(III)1-Mn(IV)3 in the S2-state, and Mn(IV)4 in the S3-state.
Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects (2022)

Together our data indicate that limiting systemic OT CNS penetrance preserves the anorexic effects of the peptide and reduces the clinically undesired side effects of OT: emesis, taste avoidance and locomotor depression. Thus, therapeutic targeting of peripheral OT-R may be a viable strategy to achieve appetite suppression with better patient outcomes.
Litreacha ón Chéad Chogadh Domhanda leis an Athair Pádraig Mac Giolla Cheara (2004)

[World War One letters in Irish by Father Padraig Mac Giolla Cheara] This article comprises an introduction and edited text of letters written by a Donegal chaplain of the First World War, an tAthair Padraig Mac Giolla Cheara. The letters first appeared in three isues of a short-lived Donegal periodical, An Crann, of which very few copies have survived. The purpose of the article was to bring to the attention of scholars, and others with an interest in Irish writing, the text and context of the only known Irish-language record of events at the front. The public interest in the story of Irish soldiers in the First World War has increased considerably in recent years, due in part to the influence of Frank McGuinness’ play, Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme from the late 1980s onwards. In 2004 a landmark RTE television documentary dealt specifically with the subject of Donegal soldiers of the war whose memory was almost entirely eclipsed by the 1916 Easter Rising and War of Independence (1919-21). The introduction to the Mac Giolla Cheara’s letters provides a summary of biographical information on the author as well as essential contextual explanation of some of the letters’ themes. These include Mac Giolla Chearas’s criticism of the anti-clericalist tradition in France and the eventual separation of church and state which issued from this in 1905. The text of the letters was reproduced in standardised form in this article, following the method of Mac Giolla Domhnaigh and Stockman in Athchlo Uladh (Belfast 1991), in order to increase their accessibility to students and general readers alike.
Impact of clinical and personal data in the dermoscopic differentiation between early melanoma and atypical nevi (2018)

The objective clinical and personal data collected here could supply a fundamental contribution in the correct diagnosis of equivocal MSLs and should be included in diagnostic algorithms along with significant dermoscopic features (ie, atypical network, blue-white veil, and shiny white streaks).
Geomagnetic field models incorporating frozen-flux constraints (1993)

Techniques for modelling the geomagnetic field at the surface of Earth's core often penalize contributions at high spherical harmonic degrees to reduce the effect of mapping crustal fields into the resulting field model at the core-mantle boundary (CMB). Ambiguity in separating the observed field into crustal and core contributions makes it difficult to assign error bounds to core field models, and this makes it hard to test hypotheses that involve pointwise values of the core field. The frozen-flux hypothesis, namely that convective terms dominate diffusive terms in the magnetic-induction equation, requires that the magnetic flux through every patch on the core surrounded by a zero contour of the radial magnetic field remains constant, although the shapes, areas and locations (but not the topology) of these patches may change with time. Field models exactly satisfying the conditions necessary for the hypothesis have not yet been constructed for the early part of this century. We show that such models must exist, so testing the frozen-flux hypothesis becomes the question of whether the models satisfying it are geophysically unsatisfactory on other grounds, for example because they are implausibly rough or complicated. We introduce an algorithm to construct plausible field models satisfying the hypothesis, and present such models for epochs 1945.5 and 1980. Our algorithm is based on a new parametrization of the field in terms of its radial component &lt;it&gt;B&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;&lt;it&gt;r&lt;/it&gt;&lt;/inf&gt; at the CMB. The model consists of values of &lt;it&gt;B&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;&lt;it&gt;r&lt;/it&gt;&lt;/inf&gt; at a finite set of points on the CMB, together with a rule for interpolating the values to other points. The interpolation rule takes the specified points to be the vertices of a spherical triangle tessellation of the CMB, with &lt;it&gt;B&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;&lt;it&gt;r&lt;/it&gt;&lt;/inf&gt; varying linearly in the gnomonic projections of the spherical triangles onto planar triangles in the planes tangent to the centroids of the spherical triangles. This parametrization of &lt;it&gt;B&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;&lt;it&gt;r&lt;/it&gt;&lt;/inf&gt; provides a direct means of constraining the integral invariants required by the frozen-flux hypothesis. Using this parametrization, we have constructed field models satisfying the frozen-flux hypothesis for epochs 1945.5 and 1980, while fitting observatory and survey data for 1945.5 and Magsat data for 1980. We use the better constrained 1980 CMB field model as a reference for 1945.5: we minimize the departure of the 1945.5 CMB field model from a regularized 1980 CMB field model, while constraining the 1945.5 model to have the same null-flux curves and flux through those curves as the 1980 model. The locations, areas and shapes of the curves are allowed to change. The resulting 1945.5 CMB field model is nearly as smooth as that for 1980, fits the data adequately, and satisfies the conditions necessary for the frozen-flux hypothesis.