gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A lesson in efficient killing from two‐component lantibiotics (2006)

The combined activity of the constituents of two-component antibiotic systems is always significantly higher than the sum of the activities of the individual pieces. Understanding the principles behind this phenomenon might provide new ways to design new antibiotics. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Wiedemann and coworkers have made a big step towards understanding the mechanism of action of the two-component lanthionine-containing antibiotic lacticin 3147. It has now become clear that this two-component system specifically targets the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II. This makes this essential bacterial lipid one of the most sought-after targets in nature. Surprisingly, in view of its small size (MW 1875 Da), this is now the fifth different way that this key molecule is known to be targeted.
Prevención de ictus en pacientes con hipertensión arterial: recomendaciones del Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares de la Sociedad Española de Neurología (2020)

Actualizar las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Neurología para la prevención de ictus, tanto primaria como secundaria, en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Se han planteado diferentes preguntas para identificar cuestiones prácticas para el manejo de la presión arterial (PA) en prevención de ictus, analizando cuál debe ser el objetivo de control de la presión arterial y cuáles son los fármacos más adecuados en prevención primaria, cuándo iniciar el tratamiento antihipertensivo después de un ictus, cuáles son las cifras que debemos alcanzar y qué fármacos son los más adecuados en prevención secundaria de ictus. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática en Pubmed analizando los principales ensayos clínicos para dar respuesta a estas preguntas y se han elaborado unas recomendaciones. En prevención primaria se recomienda iniciar tratamiento antihipertensivo con cifras de PA > 140/90 mmHg, con un objetivo de control de PA < 130/80 mmHg. En prevención secundaria de ictus se recomienda iniciar tratamiento antihipertensivo pasada la fase aguda (primeras 24 h) con un objetivo de control de PA < 130/80 mmHg, siendo preferible el empleo de ARA-II o diuréticos solos o en combinación con IECA. To update the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurology on primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with arterial hypertension. We proposed several questions to identify practical issues for the management of blood pressure (BP) in stroke prevention, analysing the objectives of blood pressure control, which drugs are most appropriate in primary prevention, when antihypertensive treatment should be started after a stroke, what levels we should aim to achieve, and which drugs are most appropriate in secondary stroke prevention. We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed database and analysed the main clinical trials to address these questions and establish a series of recommendations. In primary stroke prevention, antihypertensive treatment should be started in patients with BP levels > 140/90 mmHg, with a target BP of < 130/80 mmHg. In secondary stroke prevention, we recommend starting antihypertensive treatment after the acute phase (first 24 hours), with a target BP of < 130/80 mmHg. The use of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists or diuretics alone or in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is preferable.
Study of Optical Measuring Method for Surface Roughness of Cast Metals. (1998)

The basic technology to measure rapidly the surface roughness of 3-dimensional cast metals using an optical non-contact method has been developed. In the experiment, the standard plates with surface roughness ranging from 100 μm to 400 μm for the evaluation of cast metal has been used. The standard plate is illuminated obliquely with the incident angle θi (=60°) and detected by CCD camera perpendicularly. An evaluated value F is calculated using the detected image. F is proportional to the surface roughness Ry when the standard plate is illuminated from both side at a right angle to inclined direction, and the plate is inclined with angles ranging from +25° to -25°. The surface roughness Ryis obtained by F with the error less than ±18% according to the proportional relationship between F and Ry.
Effect of annealing and lithium substitution on conductivity in nickel–cobalt oxide spinel films (2005)

Abstract Mixed transition‐metal oxide spinels exhibit high electrical conductivity and enhanced infrared transmissivity resulting from the presence of small polarons in the NiCo 2 O 4 lattice. Polarons are formed as a result of judicious choice of component metal cations and attendant resident cation charge states. Substitution of lithium for cobalt (Ni 1+ x Co 2− x − z Li z O 4 ) while maintaining the spinel stoichiometry and controlled post‐deposition annealing was found to influence measured conductivity in both solution‐ and sputter‐deposited thin films. For lithium concentrations &lt; 10% an improvement in conductivity was observed, depending upon whether the oxide film was deposited from solution (large increase) or sputter deposited (small increase). However, higher lithium concentrations degraded conductivity. Both XPS and SIMS analyses of films with high lithium concentrations ( z &gt; 0.3) revealed that lithium was concentrated near the film surface and the formation of carbonate was detected by XPS and Fourier transform infrared data. Results indicate that additions of lithium to transition‐metal spinel oxides can lead to increased conductivity by increased polaron formation. However, in high concentration, lithium is an interstitial that diffuses to the surface to form compounds that degrade electrical conductivity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
[Paper] A Full-HD Super-Multiview Display Based on Adaptive Time-Division Multiplexing Parallax Barrier (2020)

This paper proposes a super-multiview autostereoscopic display with a full HD resolution. A super-multiview display, where multiple views are generated around the eyes to stimulate focal accommodation, requires generation of images for many viewpoints. When we apply time-division multiplexing, the number of views can be increased without losing spatial resolutions, while flickers stand out as the number of time-division increases. To attain more views with the same refresh rate, we set two LCD panels so that they may face the opposite directions. In this way, the order of color filter is reversed and the light rays of different colors are directed to different orientations. Each color creates a different directional light to achieve three fold views. To extend the viewing zone in the depth direction, we introduce adaptive time-division, where quadruplexing is applied when the viewer is farthest, quintuplexing is applied when the viewer is in the middle, and sextuplexing is applied when the viewer is nearest. Expansion of viewing zone and the effect of focal induction are confirmed by the experiments using a prototype system based on the proposed method.
Misinformation About the Human Gut Microbiome in YouTube Videos: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint) (2022)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Social media platforms such as YouTube are integral tools for disseminating information about health and wellness to the public. However, anecdotal reports have cited that the human gut microbiome has been a particular focus of dubious, misleading, and, on occasion, harmful media content. Despite these claims, there have been no published studies investigating this phenomenon within popular social media platforms. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the content in YouTube videos related to the human gut microbiome and (2) investigate the correlation between content engagement metrics and video quality, as defined by validated criteria. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> In this cross-sectional study, videos about the human gut microbiome were searched for on the United Kingdom version of YouTube on September 20, 2021. The 600 most-viewed videos were extracted and screened for relevance. The contents and characteristics of the videos were extracted and independently rated using the DISCERN quality criteria by 2 researchers. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Overall, 319 videos accounting for 62,354,628 views were included. Of the 319 videos, 73.4% (n=234) were produced in North America and 78.7% (n=251) were uploaded between 2019 and 2021. A total of 41.1% (131/319) of videos were produced by nonprofit organizations. Of the videos, 16.3% (52/319) included an advertisement for a product or promoted a health-related intervention for financial purposes. Videos by nonmedical education creators had the highest total and preferred viewership. Daily viewership was the highest for videos by internet media sources. The average DISCERN and Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct scores were 49.5 (SE 0.68) out of 80 and 5.05 (SE 2.52) out of 8, respectively. DISCERN scores for videos by medical professionals (mean 53.2, SE 0.17) were significantly higher than for videos by independent content creators (mean 39.1, SE 5.58; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt;.001). Videos including promotional materials had significantly lower DISCERN scores than videos without any advertisements or product promotion (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt;.001). There was no correlation between DISCERN scores and total viewership, daily viewership, or preferred viewership (number of likes). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> The overall quality and reliability of information about the human gut microbiome on YouTube is generally poor. Moreover, there was no correlation between the quality of a video and the level of public engagement. The significant disconnect between reliable sources of information and the public suggests that there is an immediate need for cross-sector initiatives to safeguard vulnerable viewers from the potentially harmful effects of misinformation. </sec>
Propofol anesthesia induces proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor‐α and pro‐nerve growth factor signaling and prosurvival Akt and XIAP expression in neonatal rat brain (2014)

Previously we observed that prolonged exposure to propofol anesthesia causes caspase-3- and calpain-mediated neuronal death in the developing brain. The present study examines the effects of propofol anesthesia on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), pro-nerve growth factor (NGF), and their receptors in the cortex and the thalamus. We also investigated how propofol influences the expression of Akt and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) expression, proteins that promote prosurvival pathways. Seven-day-old rats (P7) were exposed to propofol anesthesia lasting 2, 4, or 6 hr and killed 0, 4, 16, or 24 hr after anesthesia termination. The relative levels of mRNA and protein expression were estimated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The treatments caused marked activation of TNFα and its receptor TNFR-1 and pro-NGF and p75(NTR) receptor expression. In parallel with the induction of these prodeath signals, we established that propofol anesthesia promotes increased expression of the prosurvival molecules pAkt and XIAP during the 24-hr postanesthesia period. These results show that different brain structures respond to propofol anesthesia with a time- and duration of exposure-dependent increase in proapoptotic signaling and with concomitant increases in activities of prosurvival proteins. We hypothesized that the fine balance between these opposing processes sustains homeostasis in the immature rat brain and prevents unnecessary damage after exposure to an injurious stimulus. The existence of this highly regulated process provides a time frame for potential therapeutic intervention directed toward suppressing the deleterious component of propofol anesthesia.
Chemically controlled crystal growth of (CH3NH3)2AgInBr6 (2018)

We report the successful crystal growth of a previously unknown mixed-metal organic compound (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AgInBr<sub>6</sub>.
Amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of D0→K−π+π0π0 (2019)

Utilizing the dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $2.93\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=3.773\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ collected by the BESIII detector, we report the first amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of the ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ decay. We investigate the substructures and determine the relative fractions and the phases among the different intermediate processes. Our results are used to provide an accurate detection efficiency and allow measurement of $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(8.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19(\text{syst}))%$.
Role of IGFBP7 in Diabetic Nephropathy: TGF-β1 Induces IGFBP7 via Smad2/4 in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2016)

Tubular injury is one of the important determinants of progressive renal failure in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and TGF-β1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial disease that characterizes proteinuric renal disease. The aim of this study was to identify novel therapeutic target molecules that play a role in the tubule damage of DN. We used an LC-MS/MS-based proteomic technique and human renal proximal epithelial cells (HRPTECs). Urine samples from Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 46) were used to quantify the candidate protein. Several proteins in HRPTECs in cultured media were observed to be driven by TGF-β1, one of which was 33-kDa IGFBP7, which is a member of IGFBP family. TGF-β1 up-regulated the expressions of IGFBP7 mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion via Smad2 and 4, but not MAPK pathways in HRPTECs. In addition, the knockdown of IGFBP7 restored the TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the immunohistochemical analysis, IGFBP7 was localized to the cytoplasm of tubular cells but not that of glomerular cells in diabetic kidney. Urinary IGFBP7 levels were significantly higher in the patients with macroalbuminuria and were correlated with age (r = 0.308, p = 0.037), eGFR (r = -0.376, p = 0.01), urinary β2-microglobulin (r = 0.385, p = 0.008), and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) (r = 0.502, p = 0.000). A multivariate regression analysis identified urinary NAG and age as determinants associated with urinary IGFBP7 levels. In conclusion, our data suggest that TGF-β1 enhances IGFBP7 via Smad2/4 pathways, and that IGFBP7 might be involved in the TGF-β1-induced tubular injury in DN.
Analysis of Update Synchronization for Multiple Copy Data Bases (1979)

A formal model allowing a precise definition of coherence and promptness in a multiple copy information system is presented and used to analyze a class of update synchronization techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nazarov cyclization (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
UV-BIOmarker Mapper Raman optical instrument for Venus atmosphere (UV-BIOMAP) (2021)

Several chemicals which could be relevant for life processes are found in the upper atmosphere of Venus (H<sub>2</sub>S, OCS, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, NH<sub>2</sub>COOHN<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O). Moreover, the atmosphere instability and the reason for the high ultraviolet (UV) heterogeneous absorption between 320 and 400 nm in the top cloud layer and mesosphere (~ 40-70 Km) are still disputed phenomena. These scientific points could be further studied by small UV Raman and fluorescence instruments mounted in a small lander platform (&lt; 20 kg) being send to Venus. In this current article we will propose an optical payload mission, which could be useful to give more information on these scientific questions. This study proposes a feasibility analysis for launching a small probe device that includes an emitting laser, a receiving telescope and a detector. The goal of this theoretical mission (UV-BIOmarker Mapper for Venus AtmosPhere or UV-BIOMAP) will be to analyse the laser-emitted and further absorption of UV light in the Venus atmosphere, and to verify the possible presence of biomarkers. The current state of the art of the required technologies to be implemented would allow a more cost-efficient and easy to develop mission, compared with previously completed Venus probes. This article will be focused on the required science and optical payload devices needed for solving these issues. Requirements for mass and power budgets for the optical payload will be analysed to ensure that the mission can be carried out at relatively low cost while still accomplishing the scientific goals of revealing the composition of Venus’s atmosphere in more detail and the reason for the heterogeneous UV absorption in the planet’s top cloud layer and mesosphere.
Energy-Scaling of Multi-Pass Cell Post-Compression: The Bow Tie MPC Scheme (2022)

We introduce the bow tie multi-pass cell as a new scheme for post-compression of high-energy laser pulses, overcoming current limits of Herriott-type multi-pass cell-based postcompression imposed mainly by mirror damage threshold limitations.
Brève présentation du système verbal et du fonctionnement d'un auxilaire en shingazidja (1982)

Description of Shingazidja verbal system and the working of an auxiliary
Wave Data Assimilation In Support Of Wave Energy Converter Power Prediction: Yakutat Alaska Case Study. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Agreement Between Ambulance Paramedic- and Physician-Recorded Neurological Signs With Face Arm Speech Test (FAST) in Acute Stroke Patients (2004)

Recognition of neurological deficits by ambulance paramedics using FAST shows good agreement with physician assessment, even allowing for temporal evolution of deficits. The high prevalence and good agreement for arm weakness suggest that this sign may have the greatest usefulness for prehospital ambulance triage and paramedic-based neuroprotective trials.
Etude du mecanisme et de la cinetique de l'action du chlore sur le bioxyde de chlore en solution aqueuse diluee (1991)

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the mechanism and the rate of the reaction between chlorine and chlorine dioxide in dilute aqueous solution at pH values near neutrality. The results showed that chlorination of aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide leads to the production of chlorate (as an end by‐product) and to chlorite (as an intermediate). Secondary reactions between chlorite and chlorine yield chlorate. The overall stoichiometry for the reaction of chlorine with chlorine dioxide corresponds to the production of one mole of chlorate/mole of chlorine dioxide and to the consumption of 0.5 mole of chlorine/mole of chlorine dioxide. The data obtained from experiments carried out at different pH values (6.5 < pH < 10.8) and with different initial concentrations of reactants (chlorine and chlorine dioxide) showed that the rate of disappearance of chlorine dioxide can be described by a second‐order kinetic equation (d[ClO2]/dt = k[Chlorine][ClO2]) and that the second‐order rate constants increase when pH increases (k = 0.111 mol‐1 s‐1 at pH 6.5 and k = 1.02 1 mol‐1s‐1 at pH 10.8; 20°C). Moreover, a mechanism for the reactions between chlorine with chlorine dioxide or with chlorite in dilute aqueous solutions is proposed.
A Framework and Requirements for Energy Aware Control Planes (2014)

There has been, for several years, a rising concern over the energy
usage of large scale networks. This concern is strongly focused on
campus, data center, and other highly concentrated deployments of
network infrastructure. Given the steadily increasing demand for
higher network speeds, always-on service models, and ubiquitous
network coverage, it is also of growing importance for
telecommunication networks both local and wide area in scope. One of
the issues in moving forward to reduce energy usage is to ensure that
the network can still meet the performance specifications required to
support the applications running over it. This document provides an
overview of the various areas of concern in the interaction between
network performance and efforts at energy aware control planes, as a
guide for those working on modifying current control planes or
designing new control planes to improve the energy efficiency of high
density, highly complex, network deployments.
SigMal (2013)

In this work, we propose SigMal, a fast and precise malware detection framework based on signal processing techniques. SigMal is designed to operate with systems that process large amounts of binary samples. It has been observed that many samples received by such systems are variants of previously-seen malware, and they retain some similarity at the binary level. Previous systems used this notion of malware similarity to detect new variants of previously-seen malware. SigMal improves the state-of-the-art by leveraging techniques borrowed from signal processing to extract noise-resistant similarity signatures from the samples. SigMal uses an efficient nearest-neighbor search technique, which is scalable to millions of samples. We evaluate SigMal on 1.2 million recent samples, both packed and unpacked, observed over a duration of three months. In addition, we also used a constant dataset of known benign executables. Our results show that SigMal can classify 50% of the recent incoming samples with above 99% precision. We also show that SigMal could have detected, on average, 70 malware samples per day before any antivirus vendor detected them.
The Subcellular Distribution of Acyltransferases which Catalyze the Synthesis of Phosphoglycerides (1969)

The distribution of acyltransferase activities in rat liver homogenates is described in relation to that for five other enzymes, each known to belong to a certain subcellular particle. Five different transfer reactions were studied with 1‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylcholine, 2‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylcholine, 1‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphoylethanolamine, 1‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphate and sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphate as substrates, and different acyl‐CoA esters served as donors of acyl groups. Glucose‐6‐phosphatase and the acyltransferase activities studied were distributed with similar relative specific activities among the subfractions. The results indicated that: a) Acyltransferases were located in the microsomal membranes. b) Nuclei and mitochondria did not have acyltransferase activity under the conditions used in these experiments, which were optimal for microsomal acyltransferases. c) Plasma membranes appeared to have only a small amount of acyltransferase activity in comparison to that in the microsomal particles. d) All acyltransferase activities tested showed similar patterns of distribution. e) Acyltransferase activities may be useful in the future as marker enzymes for microsomal particles from tissues which do not contain glucose‐6‐phosphatase, but do contain the acyltransferase within the microsomal membranes.