gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and First X-ray Structure of a Zirconocene β-Keto Ester Enolate (2000)

The reaction of methyl 2-ethylbutyrate with an equimolar amount of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) leads to the formation of the lithium enolate of methyl 2,2,4-triethyl-3-oxohexanoate. Further reaction with bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(methyl)chloride yields a crystalline zirconocene enolate complex, the structure of which was determined by X-ray diffraction.
Préparation de l'appel d'offre FP7 Micro et Nano Technologies (2009)

International audience
Leukocyte Procoagulant Activity as an in vitro Index of Nickel Contact Hypersensitivity (1985)

Following 20-hour incubation with nickel sulphate, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nickel contact dermatitis showed increased procoagulant activity compared with healthy controls. The Ni-induced response was dose-related and specific as judged by the use of cobalt as a control. This convenient new assay may prove valuable not only in contact dermatitis, but also in other types of skin disorder where at present there are no satisfactory in vivo or in vitro methods of assessment.
Reservoir History Matching Using the Method of Gradients on a Workstation (1992)

abstract Tins paper discusses the use of an automatic reservoir history matching process using the method of gradients on a work station. We illustrate the method's robustness and performance using a simple field example. Traditional gradient methods have utilised perturbation methods to compute the gradients which require n + 1 simulations for n parameters and could consequently be quite expensive. To overcome the expense of making several runs of the simulator we have implemented into our simulator a method which can compute derivatives of many parameters simultaneously. We shall refer to this simulator as GRADSIM for the rest of the article. We show by numerical experiments that the additional cost of computing derivatives is highest for the first derivative, after which the cost rises by about 8 percent for each additional derivative. We then use the gradients to minimise a so-called objective function which is a measure of the difference between the historical and simulated reservoir data. This is accomplished by passing the gradients to a constrained minimisation algorithm which calculates the changes required in various user-defined reservoir parameters to achieve a better history match. The reservoir description is then updated and the reservoir simulation and gradient calculations are repeated. The process continues in an iterative manner until the best match has been achieved. This simple example of the application of the method of gradients shows that considerable savings in time could be obtained by the engineer for both history matching and proper parameter identification.
GO-modified double-walled polyurea microcapsules/epoxy composites for marine anticorrosive self-healing coating (2020)

In order to achieve microcapsules' higher encapsulating capacity and better self-healing efficiency, the graphene oxide (GO)-modified double-walled Polyurea microcapsules were synthesized with 1, 6-Diaminohexane as the inner core and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)-based prepolymer as the outer core. Measured were the morphology, structure, thermal property and mechanical property of the microcapsules by using the Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (OM, SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Nanoindentation tests. And the mechanical testing machine, Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement were used to evaluate their mechanical and anticorrosive properties. The results showed that the GO-modified microcapsules obtained possessed a good spherical shape with a mean diameter of 0.5 μm. The microcapsules with excellent thermostability containing a urea bond, the GO had been successfully embedded into the wall materials and the contents of the inner core materials and outer core materials were 26.75 wt% and 10.88 wt% respectively. The average Young's modulus, hardness and load during the holding time of the microcapsules were 2.708GPa, 0.088GPa and 28.51mN respectively. The mechanical and anticorrosive self-healing efficiency of epoxy coating with 3.0 wt% of microcapsules could gain up to 80.43% and 62.50% respectively.
Adaptive content management in structured P2P communities (2006)

A fundamental paradigm in P2P is that of a large community of intermittently-connected nodes that cooperate to share files. Because nodes are intermittently connected, the P2P community must replicate and replace files as a function of their popularity to achieve satisfactory performance. We develop a suite of distributed, adaptive algorithms for replicating and replacing content in a P2P community. We do this for structured P2P communities, in which a distributed hash table (DHT) overlay is available for locating the node responsible for a key. In particular, we develop the Top-K MFR replication and replacement algorithm, which can be layered on top of a DHT overlay, and in addition adaptively converges to a nearly-optimal replication profile. Furthermore, we evaluate the file transfer load caused by the adaptive algorithms on each peer, and present two approaches for achieving a better load balance. Our evaluation shows that with our two algorithms, an arbitrary load distribution is possible, hence allowing each peer to serve requests at the rate it wishes.
Adaptors, Junction Dynamics, and Spermatogenesis1 (2004)

Adaptors are component proteins of junctional complexes in all epithelia, including the seminiferous epithelium of the mammalian testis. They recruit other regulatory and structural proteins to the site of both anchoring junctions (such as cell-cell actin-based adherens junctions [AJs], e.g., ectoplasmic specialization [ES] and tubulobulbar complex, which are both testis-specific cell-cell actin-based AJ types, and cell-cell intermediate filament-based desmosome-like junctions) and tight junctions (TJ). Furthermore, adaptors per se can be substrates and/or activators of kinases or phosphatases. As such, the integrity of cell junctions and the regulation of junction dynamics during spermatogenesis rely on adaptors for their ability to recruit and link different junctional components to the same site and to tether transmembrane proteins at both anchoring and TJ sites to the underlying cytoskeletons, such as the actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. These protein-protein interactions are possible because adaptors are composed of conserved protein binding domains, which allow them to link to more than one structural or signaling protein, recruiting multi-protein complexes to the same site. Herein, we provide a timely review of adaptors recently found at the sites of AJ (e.g., ES) and TJ. In addition, several in vivo models that can be used to delineate the function of adaptors in the testis are described, and the role of adaptors in regulating junction dynamics pertinent to spermatogenesis is discussed.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 6/11 (2011)

Abstract The cover of this issue is based on microscopy images of immature dendritic cells (DCs) stained with hematoxylin‐and‐eosin (H&amp;E) provided by Chong et al. ( pp . 1639–1651). In their article, Chong et al. investigate which cell types contribute to the differentiation of TNF/iNOS‐producing dendritic cells (Tip‐DCs), a subset of DCs that has been shown to arise during inflammation and to be an important mediator of immune defense. The authors provide evidence that CD8 + T cells can induce the rapid development of human monocytes into Tip‐DCs that are capable of further driving Th1 responses by priming naive CD4 + T cells.
Bacillus thermotolerans sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium capable of reducing humus (2013)

A novel thermotolerant bacterium, designated SgZ-8(T), was isolated from a compost sample. Cells were non-motile, endospore-forming, Gram-staining positive, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The isolate was able to grow at 20-65 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 6.5-7.0), and tolerate up to 9.0 % NaCl (w/v) under aerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth occurred with anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQDS), fumarate and NO3(-) as electron acceptors. Phylogenetic analysis based on the16S rRNA and gyrB genes grouped strain SgZ-8(T) into the genus Bacillus, with the highest similarity to Bacillus badius JCM 12228(T) (96.2 % for 16S rRNA gene sequence and 83.5 % for gyrB gene sequence) among all recognized species in the genus Bacillus. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.3 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, chemotaxonomic analysis and the results of physiological and biochemical tests, strain SgZ-8(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012108(T) = KACC 16706(T)) was designated the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus thermotolerans sp. nov. is proposed.
Further steps toward a neonatal chronocardiology. (1987)

The study of 53 series of blood pressures at half-hour intervals from clinically healthy full-term newborns during the first days of life reveals various classifiers correlating with a history of high blood pressure: the circadian amplitude of diastolic blood pressure, the 50% range of systolic blood pressure and the standard deviation of heart rate.
Person identification from arbitrary position and posture using kinect (2014)

In this paper authors have proposed a person identification method independent of his position with respect to the input sensor. The proposed method works for various postures or states namely, standing, sitting, walking. This method initially identifies the person's state and separate SVM based models are used for person identification (PI) for each of these three above mentioned states.
Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, involves camalexin and is regulated by microRNAs (2013)

· Small RNAs play important roles in resistance to plant viruses and the complex responses against pathogens and leaf-chewing insects. · We investigated whether small RNA pathways are involved in Arabidopsis resistance against a phloem-feeding insect, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). We used a 2-wk fecundity assay to assess aphid performance on Arabidopsis RNA silencing and defence pathway mutants. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor the transcriptional activity of defence-related genes in plants of varying aphid susceptibility. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to measure the accumulation of the antimicrobial compound camalexin. Artificial diet assays allowed the assessment of the effect of camalexin on aphid performance. · Myzus persicae produces significantly less progeny on Arabidopsis microRNA (miRNA) pathway mutants. Plants unable to process miRNAs respond to aphid infestation with increased induction of PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT3 (PAD3) and production of camalexin. Aphids ingest camalexin when feeding on Arabidopsis and are more successful on pad3 and cyp79b2/cyp79b3 mutants defective in camalexin production. Aphids produce less progeny on artificial diets containing camalexin. · Our data indicate that camalexin functions beyond antimicrobial defence to also include hemipteran insects. This work also highlights the extensive role of the miRNA-mediated regulation of secondary metabolic defence pathways with relevance to resistance against a hemipteran pest.
Visualization of shell matrix proteins in hemocytes and tissues of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (2007)

The tissues of the oyster were examined for the presence of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) using a combination of Western, proteomic, and epi-fluorescent microscopy techniques. SMP, including 48 and 55 kDa phosphoproteins, was detected in the epithelial cells of mantle, gill, heart, and adductor muscle and linings of arteries and veins. The 48 kDa SMP circulates continuously within the hemolymph, and is present in the immune system hemocytes. It appears to be secreted from hemocytes on induction of shell repair. We suggest that the 48 and 55 kDa proteins are multifunctional and bridge the process of soft tissue repair and shell formation by mediating cellular activities during immune response as well as interacting with the mineral phase during deposition.
Generation and Cycloaddition Behavior of Spirocyclic Carbonyl Ylides. Application to the Synthesis of the Pterosin Family of Sesquiterpenes (1996)

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 1-acetyl-1-(diazoacetyl)cyclopropane and ethyl 3-(1-acetyl-cyclopropyl)-2-diazo-3-oxopropiolate with various dipolarophiles afforded dipolar cycloadducts in good yield. The reaction involves the formation of a rhodium carbenoid and subsequent transannular cyclization of the electrophilic carbon onto the adjacent keto group to generate a five-membered cyclic carbonyl ylide which undergoes a subsequent dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The regiochemical results encountered can be rationalized on the basis of FMO considerations. For carbonyl ylides, the HOMO dipole is dominant for reactions with electron deficient dipolarophiles, while the LUMO becomes important for cycloaddition to more electron rich species. A short synthesis of several members of the pterosin family of sesquiterpenes is described in which the key step involves a dipolar cycloaddition using a carbonyl ylide. The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 1-acetyl-1-(diazoacetyl)cyclopropane with cyclopentenone afforded a dipolar cycloadduct in good yield as a 4:1 mixture of diastereomers. Treatment of the major cycloadduct with triphenylphosphonium bromide in the presence of sodium hydride gave the expected Wittig product. The reaction of this compound with acid in the presence of various solvents gave rise to several members of the pterosin family. The overall sequence of reactions can best be described as proceeding by an initial oxy-bridge ring opening followed by dehydration and a subsequent acid-catalyzed cyclopropyl ring opening. The facility of the process is undoubtedly related to the aromaticity gained in the final step.
Application Driven Design of Multi-Primary Displays (2006)

Implementations of multi-primary displays for home cinema, mobile screens and soft proofing are described and analyzed. The design flexibility gained by using extra primaries is discussed for each, and the different considerations are highlighted. We show that in all cases the multi-primary displays suit the requirements of the application better than RGB displays.
Hand and wrist infections in the intravenous drug abuser (2010)

Bone, joint, tendon and soft-tissue infections are a difficult challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. It is not uncommon for these cases to be referred to a hand surgeon given the complexity of the anatomy. In the intravenous drug-use population, nutritional status and immunological status are important factors that may predispose these patients to more severe infections than would typically be encountered. Furthermore, this may result in more unusual infections with uncommon organisms because of the aforementioned combination of factors. Recognizing and understanding the unique characteristics of hand and wrist infections in the intravenous drug use population helps in surgically treating the infection as well as appropriately identifying the causative organism or organisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Synthesis by Radical Cyclization of O‐Alkenylphenyl Isocyanides and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recombinant anti-CD25 immunotoxin RFT5(SCFV)-ETA' demonstrates successful elimination of disseminated human Hodgkin lymphoma in SCID mice (2000)

Since clinical phase-I/II trials in patients with resistant Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with the chemically linked anti-CD25 ricin-A-chain immunotoxin RFT5-SMPT-dgA indicate promising results for patients with minimal residual disease, we constructed a new immunotoxin by fusing the RFT5 single-chain variable fragment to a deletion mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA'). The recombinant protein was directed into the periplasmic space of E. coli by means of the pET-derived expression vector pBM1.1 and our newly developed expression/purification method. Biologically active RFT5(scFv)-ETA' was isolated by freezing/thawing and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity and molecular-size-chromatography. RFT5(scFv)-ETA' was subsequently used for the treatment of disseminated human Hodgkin's lymphoma in a SCID-mouse model. The mean survival time (MST) of L540rec-challenged SCID mice was 38.1 days. A single i.v. injection of 40 microg recombinant immunotoxin (rIT) 1 day after tumor inoculation resulted in 100% tumor-free mice, extending the MST to more than 220 days (p < 0.0001). The blood-distribution time T(1/2)alpha was 39.65 min, the serum elimination time T(1/2)alpha, 756.6 min. All animals were assessed for soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha, which is directly correlated to tumor burden. Soluble CD25 was not detectable in mice treated with the rIT. Our findings, concerning potent anti-tumor effects of a recombinant anti-CD25 immunotoxin against disseminated Hodgkin's lymphoma in SCID mice reported here demonstrate that RFT5(scFv)-ETA' might be suitable for further evaluation against Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans.
Degradation products of a phenylurea herbicide, diuron: Synthesis, ecotoxicity, and biotransformation (2001)

The degradation products of diuron (photoproducts and metabolites), already described in the literature, were synthesized in order to carry out further investigations. Their ecotoxicity was determined using the standardized Microtox test, and most of the derivatives presented a nontarget toxicity higher than that of diuron. Therefore, the biotransformation of these compounds was tested with four fungal strains and a bacterial strain, which were known to be efficient for diuron transformation. With the exception of the 3,4-dichlorophenylurea, all the degradation products underwent other transformations with most of the strains tested, but no mineralization was observed. For many of them, the biodegradation compound for which the toxicity was important was 3,4-dichlorophenylurea. This study underlines the importance of knowing the nature of the degradation products, which has to be kept in mind while analyzing natural water samples or soil samples.
Modulation of passive force in single skeletal muscle fibres (2005)

In this study, we investigated the effects of activation and stretch on the passive force-sarcomere length relationship in skeletal muscle. Single fibres from the lumbrical muscle of frogs were placed at varying sarcomere lengths on the descending limb of the force-sarcomere length relationship, and tetanic contractions, active stretches and passive stretches (amplitudes of ca 10% of fibre length at a speed of 40% fibre length/s) were performed. The passive forces following stretch of an activated fibre were higher than the forces measured after isometric contractions or after stretches of a passive fibre at the corresponding sarcomere length. This effect was more pronounced at increased sarcomere lengths, and the passive force-sarcomere length relationship following active stretch was shifted upwards on the force axis compared with the corresponding relationship obtained following isometric contractions or passive stretches. These results provide strong evidence for an increase in passive force that is mediated by a length-dependent combination of stretch and activation, while activation or stretch alone does not produce this effect. Based on these results and recently published findings of the effects of Ca2+ on titin stiffness, we propose that the observed increase in passive force is caused by the molecular spring titin.
Acoustic Nonlinearity of Narrowband Laser-generated Surface Waves in the Bending Fatigue of Al6061 Alloy (2010)

The present study describes the acoustic nonlinearity phenomenon of a narrowband laser-generated surface wave for the characterization of an aluminum alloy subjected to bending fatigue. The surface wave is very attractive for field applications because it does not require both sides of the test materials to access the transducers and has strong acoustic nonlinear effects on the surface. The intrinsic higher-order harmonic components generated by a line-arrayed laser beam have been analyzed theoretically, and a relative acoustic nonlinear parameter has been successfully measured on the surface of a fatigue-damaged aluminum 6061 alloy. The results show that the acoustic nonlinear parameter increased after fatigue damage with respect to dislocation evolution. Consequently, this study suggests that the new acoustic nonlinearity technique of a laser-generated surface wave can be potentially used to characterize surface damage resulting from bending fatigue prior to the formation of fatigue cracks.
Fabrication of polymer nanodots with single electron patterning technology (1996)

Polymer nanodots 3–5 nm in diameter have been fabricated using conventional polymer resists. Negative-type resists of cresol novolak resins combined with crosslinkers are exposed with a uniform 50-kV electron beam. The uniform beam is considered to be a flux of ultrafine beams of individual electrons that causes crosslink reactions. By selecting electron beam doses and wet development conditions, dense patterns of polymer nanodots are successfully obtained. We call this process ‘‘single electron patterning technology’’ (SEPT). Sizes of the nanodots reflect the molecular-weight distribution characteristics of the resin polymers. A resist polymer with a small molecular distribution (polydispersity) leads to uniform dots. The dots are thought to be polymer microgels that consist of a few crosslinked resin molecules, or the molecules themselves. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that the dots consist of resist polymers.
Microencapsulated Vaccines to Provide Prolonged Immunity With a Single Administration (1996)

Vaccines that provide lasting immunity with a single administration of the antigen can reduce the cost of routine immunization programs while increasing their efficacy by lessening the need for patient compliance. The authors have been developing methods for using biodegradable polymer microspheres to encapsulate vaccines. These microcapsules are designed to provide timed release of the antigen on a schedule that mimics conventional booster shots. The microspheres are made from poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide. The rate of biodegradation of this polymer is controllable by varying the molar ratio of the monomers. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure release kinetics in vitro, and a process was developed for the encapsulation of water soluble protein antigens. This process then was used to prepare a microencapsulated vaccine for type A botulism made using a recombinant C fragment antigen. A series of 27 adult C57BL/6J mice were used to study the efficacy of this vaccine. Six mice injected with saline filled microspheres served as a control group. Plasma samples were taken weekly to measure antibody levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. At 14 weeks, 21 immunized mice and six control subjects were used for an aerosol challenge test with botulinum toxin. All control subjects died within 72 hrs. Fifteen (71%) of the immunized mice survived.