gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a quantum phase transition with decoherence: Quantum Ising chain in a static spin environment (2009)

We consider a linear quench from the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase in the quantum Ising chain interacting with a static spin environment. Both decoherence from the environment and nonadiabaticity of the evolution near a critical point excite the system from the final ferromagnetic ground state. For weak decoherence and relatively fast quenches the excitation energy, proportional to the number of kinks in the final state, decays like an inverse square root of a quench time, but slow transitions or strong decoherence makes it decay in a much slower logarithmic way. We also find that fidelity between the final ferromagnetic ground state and a final state after a quench decays exponentially with a size of a chain, with a decay rate proportional to average density of excited kinks and a proportionality factor evolving from 1.3 for weak decoherence and fast quenches to approximately 1 for slow transitions or strong decoherence. Simultaneously, correlations between kinks randomly distributed along the chain evolve from a near-crystalline antibunching to a Poissonian distribution of kinks in a number of isolated Anderson localization centers randomly scattered along the chain.
Gender Distribution of U.S. Medical School Faculty by Academic Track Type (2013)

Medical schools offering the CET type reported higher proportions of female faculty on that track type. Given that faculty on the CET type lag behind their TTT colleagues in academic promotion, these findings may contribute to continued challenges in gaining academic and leadership parity for women in academic medicine.
Gut Microbial Signatures Can Discriminate Unipolar from Bipolar Depression (2020)

Discriminating depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major clinical challenge. Recently, gut microbiome alterations are implicated in these two mood disorders; however, little is known about the shared and distinct microbial characteristics in MDD versus BD. Here, using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, the microbial compositions of 165 subjects with MDD are compared with 217 BD, and 217 healthy controls (HCs). It is found that the microbial compositions are different between the three groups. Compared to HCs, MDD is characterized by altered covarying operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the Bacteroidaceae family, and BD shows disturbed covarying OTUs belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae families. Furthermore, a signature of 26 OTUs is identified that can distinguish patients with MDD from those with BD or HCs, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.961 to 0.986 in discovery sets, and 0.702 to 0.741 in validation sets. Moreover, 4 of 26 microbial markers correlate with disease severity in MDD or BD. Together, distinct gut microbial compositions are identified in MDD compared to BD and HCs, and a novel marker panel is provided for distinguishing MDD from BD based on gut microbiome signatures.
Cancer Metastasis: Characterization and Identification of the Behavior of Metastatic Tumor Cells and the Cell Adhesion Molecules, including Carbohydrates (2005)

This review focuses on the behavior of metastatic tumor cells and their specific adhesion molecules. Much of this review is based on the results from our researches over many years. Electron microscopic investigations of metastatic processes have demonstrated that desmosomes, tight junctions, or cell fusion-like structures are formed between tumor cells and other cells such as endothelial, mesothelial, hepatic, and nerve cells. These findings suggest that metastatic tumor cells acquire specific cell adhesion or recognition systems. To investigate these adhesion mechanisms, we established floating sublines from rat ascites hepatoma AH7974 in vitro and compared their adhesion molecules with those of their adherent counterparts. The anchorage independence of these tumor cells can be explained by reduced production of extracellular matrix proteins, decreased expression of cell surface integrin(s), or lack of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surfaces. Although the metastatic potential of these sublines for lung could not be explained by these properties, it may be explained by expression of 56 and 62 kDa laminin-like substances containing Griffonia Bandeirea simplicifolia isolectin B4-binding carbohydrate(s). We examined the relationship between carbohydrate expression and metastasis of human breast, pulmonary, colorectal, gastric, and other cancers by using a panel of lectins and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These studies revealed that several lectins and MAbs such as Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), Helix pomatia agglutinin, anti-sialyl Lewis(x-i) MAb, and others were useful not only for predicting metastasis and the prognosis of patients but also for understanding the routes of metastatic spread. VVA-binding carbohydrates, i.e. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues, especially those carried by atypical MUC1 protein, in aggressive cancer cells may serve as an important drug target.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: Clinical‐immunological correlations (1988)

Four different antineuronal autoantibodies have been identified in 23 of 47 patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). The most common, an antibody against 34- to 38-kDa and 62- to 64-kDa protein antigens in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells, was found in 18 patients. It is a highly specific marker for a severe stereotypical subacute pancerebellar syndrome of truncal and appendicular ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus in women with cancer (usually ovarian or breast carcinoma). Different anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (APCA) were found in 2 other patients with PCD. With two possible exceptions, an APCA was not found in patients with other neurological diseases, with cancer not associated with neurological symptoms, or in normal subjects. Antibodies reactive with neuronal nucleoproteins were identified in 3 other patients with PCD: an antibody that recognized 35- to 40-kDa neuronal antigens was found in 2 women with small-cell lung carcinoma, while an antibody in a woman with breast carcinoma identified 53- to 61-kDa and 79- to 84-kDa antigens. Detection of an antineuronal antibody in a patient without known cancer should prompt a careful search for a tumor at a site appropriate to the antibody type.
Space station external wireless communication system RF coverage and link performance analysis (2017)

A simulation method used to analyze the spacecraft wireless communication system RF coverage and link performance is presented in this paper. The method is rigorous, but practical, and is applied in the Space Station wireless system performance analysis. Comprehensive numerical results are presented and discussed. The multipath mitigation techniques are also presented for the Space Station External Wireless Communication System applications.
Dynamics of Skeletal Pattern Formation in Developing Chick Limb (1979)

During development of the embryonic chick limb the skeletal pattern is laid out as cartilaginous primordia, which emerge in a proximodistal sequence over a period of 4 days. The differentiation of cartilage is preceded by changes in cellular contacts at specific locations in the precartilage mesenchyme. Under realistic assumptions, the biosynthesis and diffusion through the extracellular matrix of a cell surface protein, such as fibronectin, will lead to spatial patterns of this molecule that could be the basis of the emergent primordia. As cellular differentiation proceeds, the size of the mesenchymal diffusion chamber is reduced in descrete steps, leading to sequential reorganizations of the morphogen pattern. The successive patterns correspond to observed rows of skeletal elements, whose emergence, in theory and in practice, depends on the maintenance of a unique boundary condition at the limb bud apex.
The Origin of the “Ideal” Body Weight Equations (2000)

The similarity between the IBW equations was a result of the general agreement among the various height-weight tables from which they were derived. Therefore, any one of these equations may be used to estimate IBW.
How shared is decision‐making in multidisciplinary tumour conferences with patient participation? An observational study (2022)

Two representatives of a large self-help organization for patients with breast cancer assisted the research project, particularly, in discussing the results.
Robust speech recognition in a car using a microphone array (2006)

Performance of automatic speech recognition relies on a vast amount of training speech data mostly recorded with little or no background noise. The performance degrades significantly with background noise, which increases type mismatch between train and test environments. Speech enhancement techniques can reduce the amount of type mismatch. 
At very low SNR with nonstationary noise, the enhanced speech may still contain significant noise either in noise-only segments or speech segments. The former masquerade as nonexistent speech and the latter as distorted speech. Both significantly degrade the performance of the automatic speech recognizer. This encourages the use of voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms to determine regions with speech present. To use only the reliable speech features, we need to further determine whether the features from the speech region are mainly from speech or from nonstationary noises masking the speech. For more robust speech recognition, this thesis proposes a three-hypothesis VAD consisting of H0: noise-only region; HS: speech-dominant speech region; and HN: noise-dominant speech region. 
Spectrum-based VAD uses knowledge of the noise spectrum to detect voice activity using the nonstationary nature of speech. This thesis proposes a method of estimating the instantaneous noise spectrum for VAD. The spectrum-based VAD, however, cannot distinguish speech from nonstationary noise because both appear nonstationary to the VAD, and thus look like speech. A microphone array can determine the noise-corrupted speech region when the nonstationary noise is from a location other than that of the speech source. This thesis proposes a method of distinguishing HS from H N based on the steered response power (SRP) method, which estimates power from any location. 
Phonemic restoration is a phenomenon in which humans claim to hear missing phonemes that have been replaced by noise. Given strong nonstationary noises occasionally masking the speech region, as well as knowledge of H S and HN, this thesis proposes a phoneme restoration approach for automatic speech recognition in the hidden Markov model framework. 
The proposed approach has two steps: speech enhancement as a preprocessor of noisy speech signals, followed by the phoneme restoration for robust speech recognition against nonstationary noises given knowledge of H S and HN.
Nested mechanism for mutual authentication (2011)

This paper proposes a mutual authentication technique for use in the wireless mobile network. Authentication of mobile subscribers is a challenging issue due to increasing security threats as it acts as the first defence against attackers. We come up with a novel authentication mechanism, called Group Registration, which reduces the huge bandwidth consumption between Visitor Location Register (VLR) and HLR; and overloaded Home Location Register (HLR) makes it suitable for low-power mobile devices. An efficient and secured channel is developed in the cryptosystems implementing the encryption function and keyed one-way function by cryptographic library JCE (Java Cryptography Extension) API in Java. Encryption function is implemented by symmetry-based AES encryption algorithm. The Keyed one-way function which follows HMAC standard (RFC 2104) is implemented by secure hash function SHA-2.
Site selection for real-time client request handling (2003)

In a conventional client-server database system (CS-DBS), a transaction and its requisite data have to be colocated at a single site for the operation to proceed. This has traditionally been achieved by moving either the data or the transaction. Today, the availability of powerful workstations and high-bandwidth networking options has led users to expect real-time guarantees about the completion times of their tasks. So as to offer such guarantees in a CS-DBS, a transaction should be processed by any means that allows it to meet its deadline. In this paper we explore the option of moving both transactions and data to the most promising sites for successful completion. We propose a load-sharing mechanism that oversees the shipment of data and transactions in order to increase the efficiency of a client-server cluster. Additionally, we make use of the concept of grouped locks to schedule the movement of data objects in the cluster in a more efficient manner. An experimental evaluation shows that the use of our load-sharing algorithm provides a considerable improvement in the real-time processing efficiency of a CS-DBS even in the presence of very high volumes of update transactions.
Preparation of Concentrated Lactic Streptococcus Starters (1969)

Single-strain cultures of Streptococcus cremoris were grown in a semisynthetic medium with automatic pH control. After centrifugation, the cells were resuspended in sterile nonfat milk (2% of the original volume). There was no significant difference in the maximum population attained when cultures were grown at pH values of 5.5, 6.0, or 6.5 with sodium hydroxide as the neutralizer. With ammonium hydroxide as the neutralizer, maximum populations obtained were increased about twofold. In most cases, the acid-producing ability of the culture concentrates was comparable to that of fresh-milk cultures. There was some variation among strains of S. cremoris with respect to the effects of different neutralizers and levels of pH control on the biological activity of the culture concentrates. The culture concentrates were stored in liquid nitrogen for as long as 231 days without significant loss in biological activity.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Schuhli Nut (1998)

The schuhli out is a device designed to lock an AO 4.5-mm cortical screw to a 4.5-mm dynamic compression plate independent of bony contact with the plate. The nut engages the screw below the plate, elevating the plate, and locking the screw at a 90 degrees angle, thus preventing toggling. Photoelastic modeling and biomechanical testing on sheep tibias were done to determine the mechanical properties of constructs using schuhli nuts. Use of schuhli nuts was shown to decrease stress in the bone below the plate. The initial axial stiffness of a construct fixed with schuhli nuts is less than a construct with standard screws, but the rate of loss of stiffness with cyclic loading is similar. When a cortical defect is present at the near cortex and the screw engages the far cortex only, the use of a schuhli nut significantly improves the stability of the construct compared with a standard screw alone, and behaves mechanically the same as a standard construct with intact cortices. This indicates that the schuhli nut acts as a substitute for a deficient cortex. The schuhli nut can be useful in osteoporotic bone because it prevents the screw from stripping the threads in the bone as the screw is advanced. It also serves to lock the screw to help prevent the screw from backing out. The schuhli nut may be a useful tool to improve stability in the treatment of complex fractures, reconstructions, or in pathologic bone.
Influence of the Superconducting Ground Plane on the Performance of RSFQ Cells (2016)

International audience
All-polymeric sensing platform based on packaged self-assembled bottle microresonator (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In recent years, microbottle resonators that support non-degenerate whispering gallery modes (WGMs), propagating by successive total internal reflections close to the resonator surface and all along its axis, have been widely investigated due to their potential applications in optical sensing, microlasers and nonlinear optics. To overcome some drawbacks of the standard silica microbottle resonators, we focused our attention on polymers such as SU-8 resist and NOA resins. A drop of polymeric material is dispensed onto a fiber stem, providing a mechanical support for the bottle resonator, and is photo-polymerized by an UV lamp. The interrogation system, usually constituted by a tapered silica fiber evanescently coupled with the microresonator, is substituted by a more stable planar waveguide realized in SU-8 by means of standard photolithography technique. Moreover, for guarantying the stability to surrounding disturbance of the coupling between the microbottle resonator and the planar waveguide, the fiber stem is glued to substrate. Two drilled holes in the substrate allow the rise of the glue at the ends of the fiber stem and the fixing of sensor on PMMA substrate. In the present work, we presented an integrated full polymeric platform with self-assembled bottle microresonators packaged in a stable structure. SU-8 and NOA based microbottles are realized and morphologically characterized. The low autofluorescence emission and long term stability make the NOA based bottles suitable to be employed in a great variety of conditions. Bulk sensing measurements are performed by using water:ethanol solutions and a bulk sensitivity of 120 nm/RIU is estimated.
Nucleotide sequence of the extracellular glucoamylase gene STA1 in the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus (1985)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the extracellular glucoamylase gene STA1 from the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus has been determined. A single open reading frame codes for a 778-amino-acid protein which contains 13 potential N-glycosylation sites. In the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the gene, there are striking sequence homologies to the corresponding regions of ADH1 for alcohol dehydrogenase and MAT alpha 2 for mating type control in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The putative precursor begins with a hydrophobic segment that presumably acts as a signal sequence for secretion. The presumptive signal sequence showed a significant homology to that of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase precursor. The next segment, of ca. 320 amino acids, contains a threonine-rich tract in which direct repeat sequences of 35 amino acids exist, and is bordered by a pair of basic amino acid residues (Lys-Lys) which may be a proteolytic processing signal. The carboxy-terminal half of the precursor is a presumptive glucoamylase which contains several peptide segments showing a high degree of homology with alpha-amylases from widely diverse organisms including a procaryote (B. subtilis) and eucaryotes (Aspergillus oryzae and mouse). Analysis of both the nucleotide sequence of the STA1 gene and the amino acid composition of the purified glucoamylase suggested that the putative precursor is processed to yield subunits H and Y of mature enzyme by both trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like cleavages.
Coagulation, platelet activation and thrombosis in xenotransplantation (2010)

Proposed strategies to tackle this problem will include optimal immunosuppressive interventions, attempts to induce tolerance, judicious and more effective use of anti-thrombotics with development of mutant swine either transgenic for human anticoagulants and thromboregulatory factors or null for defined porcine procoagulants.
Synthesis homogeneous nanocomposite thin films by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure (2014)

International audience
Index Analysis of a Nonlinear PDAE System Describing a Molten CarbonateFuel Cell (2003)

Abstract Without combustion, molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) convert chemical energy contained in fuel and oxidizer to electric energy via electro‐chemical reaction. Performance and service life of MCFCs depends on its operating temperature. So control of the operation temperature within a specified range and reducing temperature fluctuations is highly desirable. In a very first step towards this goal prior to numerical simulations an index analysis of the partial differential‐algebraic equation system (PDAE) is given. Some numerical solutions can be found in [4].
The 0.25‐nm X‐ray structure of the Bowman‐Birk‐type inhibitor from mung bean in ternary complex with porcine trypsin (1993)

The structure of the Bowman-Birk-type inhibitor from mung bean Phaseolus aureus has been determined in ternary complex with porcine trypsin. The complex formed crystals of the trigonal space group P3(1)21 which diffracted to a resolution of 250 pm. Each of the two mung bean protease reactive sites is bound to trypsin according to the standard mechanism for serine proteinase inhibition. The binding loops thereby adopt the canonical conformation for the standard mechanism; however, the sub-van der Waals contact between the active-site serine O gamma (195) and the P1 carbonyl carbon of both loops is significantly smaller (210 pm) than hitherto observed, with continuous electron density connecting the two atoms. The inhibitor is formed by two double-stranded antiparallel beta-sheets, which are connected into a moderately twisted beta-sheet by a network of hydrogen bonds involving main-chain atoms and two water molecules. All contacts with neighbors in the crystal lattice occur between trypsin molecules. This apparently gives rise to an unusual form of disorder where the complexes pack in two orientations Ta:MaMb:Tb and Tb:MbMa:Ta (Ta, Tb = trypsin, Ma = mung bean loop I, Mb = mung bean loop II), such that the asymmetric unit consists of the ternary complex in two orientations, each with half occupancy. This is nearly equivalent to an asymmetric unit which has one trypsin molecule with full occupancy and one mung bean inhibitor with half occupancy and a crystallographic twofold symmetry axis through its center. Because of the approximate twofold symmetry of the inhibitor itself, however, the electron density was interpretable for most of the inhibitor (17 residues at the termini were not resolved) and shows evidence of its double orientation.
Unique high-alpha roll dynamics of a sharp-edged 65 deg delta wing (1992)

An analysis has been performed of experimental results obtained in roll oscillation tests at 30-deg angle of attack of a 65-deg sharp-edged delta wing in order to uncover the fluid mechanical phenomena causing the unusual, highly nonlinear vehicle dynamics. In addition to the expected effect of convective flow time lag, the test results show highly nonlinear effects of the angular rate, which themselves are influenced by the effect of convective time lag. A flow hypothesis is presented that can explain the unusual experimental results.
Abdomen: Angiography with 16-Detector CT—Comparison of Image Quality and Radiation Dose between Studies with 0.625-mm and those with 1.25-mm Collimation1 (2008)

Scanning with 1.25-mm collimation seems adequate for a routine CT angiography examination of most arteries and veins at 16-detector CT, while scanning with 0.625-mm collimation facilitates improved delineation of fine vessels. CTDI(vol) values correlate positively with body weight but have no correlation with collimation size.