gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin effects on protein synthesis are independent of glucose and energy metabolism (1983)

Protein synthesis was accelerated in rat hearts that were provided insulin compared with provision of glucose or pyruvate alone or a mixture of glucose and pyruvate. The faster synthetic rates were accompanied by a reduction in numbers of ribosomal subunits, indicating that peptide chain initiation was accelerated relative to elongation/termination. In hearts supplied glucose, 65% of the maximal effect on protein synthesis was achieved by addition of 1.7 X 10(-10) M insulin, but significant effects on glucose uptake as well as on tissue contents of glucose 6-phosphate and creatine phosphate were obtained only with 7 X 10(-10) M insulin. Addition of glucose to perfusates containing pyruvate did not accelerate protein synthesis, although the glucose 6-phosphate content was raised. Similarly, the stimulatory effects of insulin on protein synthesis in hearts supplied pyruvate did not depend on changes in glucose 6-phosphate content, creatine phosphate/creatine, ATP/ADP, or adenylate energy charge. These studies indicate that insulin accelerated peptide-chain initiation and protein synthesis in rat heart by mechanisms independent of the hormone's effect on glucose or energy metabolism.
Weissella cibaria short‐fermented liquid sourdoughs based on quinoa or amaranth flours as fat replacer in focaccia bread formulation (2020)

Summary Production of the traditional Italian Focaccia bread (FcBread) requires reformulation to meet the new rules for healthier foods. We tested the applicability of a short‐fermented (15 h) liquid sourdough (LS) (dough yield, DY, 250), obtained using quinoa (Q) or amaranth (Am) flour fermented with a Weissella cibaria strain (C43‐11) producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) as fat replacer in yeast‐leavened FcBread. The LSs were applied during the FcBread‐making process at industrial pilot plant, reducing the added fat amount by 20% (FcBread‐QLS and FcBread‐AmLS) and products were compared with reference samples not containing EPS. All the products were analysed for physico‐chemical properties (pH, TTA, organic acids, protein content and profile, instrumental colour), textural properties, sensory quality and glycemic index. The application of both pseudo‐cereal‐based W. cibaria LSs in FcBread allowed obtaining products with a reduced amount of fat, increased protein amount, mainly due to the albumin and glutenin/glutelin fractions, reduced glycemic index, improved texture and preserved in the traditional sensory profile of ‘focaccia’.
11. Cyclic esters of sulphuric acid. Part II. The constitution of methylene and glyoxal sulphates, and the reaction of methylene sulphate with tertiary bases (1932)

W. Baker and F. B. Field, J. Chem. Soc., 1932, 86 DOI: 10.1039/JR9320000086
Impact of a Simulated Workday of Sit-stand Desk Use on Sleep Among Adults Screened as High Risk for Sleep Apnea (2019)

Exercise improves sleep and reduces apnea severity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, whether reducing sedentary behavior impacts sleep and apnea severity is unknown. PURPOSE: To examine whether reducing prolonged sitting during a simulated workday by use of a sit-stand desk leads to changes in sleep compared to a sedentary workday in a sample of adults at high risk for OSA. METHODS: Eight inactive adults (5 males, 53.8±8.5 yr, body mass index: 29.8±5.5 kg/m2) who were classified as ‘high risk’ for OSA based upon the STOP-BANG screening algorithm participated in a randomized crossover trial consisting of two simulated 8-h workdays: (1) continuous sitting (SIT); and (2) alternating periods of sitting and standing every 30 min (SIT-STAND). Sleep and apnea were assessed on the night following each simulated workday by wrist-worn actigraphy and a portable OSA testing device, respectively. Actigraphic measures of total sleep time (TST) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) served as the primary sleep variables, while the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) assessed OSA severity from the OSA testing device by a blinded assessor. Natural logarithm transformation of AHI was performed due to non-normality. Effect sizes (Hedges’ g) and Pearson correlations evaluated differences in sleep following each condition and associations between changes in sleep measures, respectively. RESULTS: In the full sample, trivial improvements in WASO (g=0.16) and TST (g=0.03) were observed following SIT-STAND compared to SIT. In contrast, a small increase in AHI (i.e., worsening of OSA) was observed following SIT-STAND compared to SIT (g=0.31). The change in AHI was associated with the change in actigraphic WASO (r=.63, P=.09). Four of the 8 adults had clinically significant OSA (i.e., mean AHI≥10 across conditions). Among those with clinically significant OSA, large increases in WASO and AHI were seen following SIT-STAND relative to SIT (g=1.16 and 0.89, respectively). In those without significant OSA, small- to moderate-sized reductions in WASO and AHI were observed following SIT-STAND compared to SIT (g=0.68 and 0.30, respectively). CONCLUSION: Following sedentary behavior reduction during a simulated workday, changes in sleep and apnea seemed to differ based upon the presence of clinically significant OSA.
Aniline and other aromatic amines from carboxylic acids and ammonia a metal-catalysed process (1973)

G. G. Arzoumanidis and F. C. Rauch, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 666a DOI: 10.1039/C3973000666A
A concept for seabed rare earth mining in the eastern South Pacific (2012)

This report presents a concept for mining of rare earth elements from seabed sediment in a promising area of the eastern South Pacific. The document begins with an introduction to the seabed, its regulation and resources. The rare earth elements and their uses, production<br/>and trade are then considered – although demand for rare earths is forecast to grow, price forecasts are very difficult.<br/><br/>The available data on rare earth elements in seabed sediment is analysed, and a promising region selected for investigation; acoustic and geophysical/geochemical methods to explore and gather new data using underwater vehicles are discussed.<br/><br/>The environmental, legal and social context of the chosen mining site is considered and the impacts of mining on the environment analysed; suspended sediment and tailings release are identified as major issues. It is clear that much is still not understood about the potential environmental effects of deep sea mining.<br/><br/>A system for mining seabed mud rich in rare earth elements is then proposed – the method involves processing on the seafloor to minimise the volume that must be lifted to the surface and eliminate the uneconomic riser system. Aspects of this seabed processing apparatus are considered in some detail, though many problems remain unresolved.<br/><br/>Finally, some financial and risk analyses of the project are completed, making an assumption that successful exploration has taken place
Countermeasures for the control of African Swine Fever in Georgia (2012)

Background: African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is the cause an acute, highly contagious, infectious disease in domestic pigs that is usually lethal to the animal. There is no vaccine for the virus and the potential distribution of the infection is global. Therefore, most countries free of the disease take significant measures to prevent the entry of the virus. Georgia reported ASFV to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 2007 after final confirmation by an OIE reference laboratory. Sequence analysis of the Georgian ASFV isolate revealed a close relationship to viral strains from Southeast Africa (Mozambique, Madagascar and Zambia). The epidemiological course of the disease was unclear. Retrospectively, the first clinical cases attributed to ASF were seen in the port of Poti situated in Western Georgia on the Black Sea (May 2007). The virus may have been introduced by ships carrying contaminated meat or meat products. Countermeasures for the control of ASF were carried out at the LMA with a joint collaboration with PIADC. Methods: Samples from swine that were collected and included: serum, blood, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lung, liver, and kidney. Samples were collected throughout Georgia. All samples were tested by ELISA and positive samples were confirmed by PCR. GIS techniques were also used to show the distribution of the disease by regions. Results: In total, 2310 samples were tested since 2007-2011. A total of 239 positive samples were detected since 2007. All the activities were executed in close collaboration and coordination with US researchers at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. Positive samples were transferred there for further investigation. Conclusion: Active surveillance of ASFV in Georgia limits epidemic and outbreak situations and avoids economical loses in the country
Biodegradation of orange G by a novel isolated bacterial strain Bacillus megaterium ITBHU01 using response surface methodology (2012)

This research article deals with biodegradation of azo dyes by a newly isolated bacterial strain from soil. Azo dyes are recalcitrant to the conventional modes of treatment due to their complex structure. This article reports decolorization of azo dye by, Gram positive, endospore forming and azo reducing, Bacillus megaterium ITBHU01. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the important physical parameters screened by Placket–Burman design. Five physical parameters such as pH, temperature (°C), dye concentration (mg/L), inoculum size% (v/v) and time (h) were tested by using Placket–Burman design criterion and all five parameters showed significant effect (P < 0.05) on decolorization of orange G using B. megaterium ITBHU01 . The values of parameters was optimized by applying central composite design (CCD) and the most suitable values for orange G decolorization by B. megaterium ITBHU01, as predicted by the statistical tool, was pH 6.9; temperature 37.0 °C; dye concentration 517 mg/L, inoculum size , v/v, (%) 5.5 % and time 23.7 h. At these optimum levels of parameters, bacterial decolorization of orange G by 94.48% was obtained under static conditions. Biodegradation and decolorization of azo dye, orange G, was confirmed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis.
Exploration of new multivariate spectral calibration algorithms. (2004)

A variety of multivariate calibration algorithms for quantitative spectral analyses were investigated and compared, and new algorithms were developed in the course of this Laboratory Directed Research and Development project. We were able to demonstrate the ability of the hybrid classical least squares/partial least squares (CLSIPLS) calibration algorithms to maintain calibrations in the presence of spectrometer drift and to transfer calibrations between spectrometers from the same or different manufacturers. These methods were found to be as good or better in prediction ability as the commonly used partial least squares (PLS) method. We also present the theory for an entirely new class of algorithms labeled augmented classical least squares (ACLS) methods. New factor selection methods are developed and described for the ACLS algorithms. These factor selection methods are demonstrated using near-infrared spectra collected from a system of dilute aqueous solutions. The ACLS algorithm is also shown to provide improved ease of use and better prediction ability than PLS when transferring calibrations between near-infrared calibrations from the same manufacturer. Finally, simulations incorporating either ideal or realistic errors in the spectra were used to compare the prediction abilities of the new ACLS algorithm with that of PLS. We found that in the presence of realistic errors with non-uniform spectral error variance across spectral channels or with spectral errors correlated between frequency channels, ACLS methods generally out-performed the more commonly used PLS method. These results demonstrate the need for realistic error structure in simulations when the prediction abilities of various algorithms are compared. The combination of equal or superior prediction ability and the ease of use of the ACLS algorithms make the new ACLS methods the preferred algorithms to use for multivariate spectral calibrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of vic‐Halohydrins via L‐tert‐Leucine‐Catalyzed syn‐Selective Aldol Reaction. (2012)

Abstract A convenient protocol is developed for the highly regio‐ and stereoselective aldol reaction of chloroacetone with aldehydes.
p38γ MAPK contributes to left ventricular remodeling after pathologic stress and disinhibits calpain through phosphorylation of calpastatin (2019)

Despite the high and preferential expression of p38γ MAPK in the myocardium, little is known about its function in the heart. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the physiologic and biochemical roles of p38γ in the heart. Expression and subcellular localization of p38 isoforms was determined in mouse hearts. Comparisons of the cardiac function and structure of wild-type and p38γ knockout (KO) mice at baseline and after abdominal aortic banding demonstrated that KO mice developed less ventricular hypertrophy and that contractile function is better preserved. To identify potential substrates of p38γ, we generated an analog-sensitive mutant to affinity tag endogenous myocardial proteins. Among other proteins, this technique identified calpastatin as a direct p38γ substrate. Moreover, phosphorylation of calpastatin by p38γ impaired its ability to inhibit the protease, calpain. We have identified p38γ as an important determinant of the progression of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy after aortic banding in mice. In addition, we have identified calpastatin, among other substrates, as a novel direct target of p38γ that may contribute to the protection observed in p38γKO mice.-Loonat, A. A., Martin, E. D., Sarafraz-Shekary, N., Tilgner, K., Hertz, N. T., Levin, R., Shokat, K. M., Burlingame, A. L., Arabacilar, P., Uddin, S., Thomas, M., Marber, M. S., Clark, J. E. p38γ MAPK contributes to left ventricular remodeling after pathologic stress and disinhibits calpain through phosphorylation of calpastatin.
Size-dependent electro-osmosis in a microchannel with low-permittivity, salt-free media (2010)

Electro-osmosis is the preferred transport mechanism in microfluidic systems. The electro-osmotic mobility in an aqueous solution is essentially independent of the microchannel size. However, in low-permittivity solvents, the screening effect is absent and the mobility is found to grow with the capillary radius according to our analytical theory and electro-osmotic flow experiments. Our results show that regardless of low surface charge density, electro-osmosis always occurs for long enough microchannels. Therefore, electro-osmosis provides a method for determining extremely low surface charge density associated with low-permittivity media. The implication in the response time of electronic paper is given as well.
ChemInform Abstract: COPPER(I) CATALYSIS OF OLEFIN PHOTOREACTIONS. PHOTOREARRANGEMENT AND PHOTOFRAGMENTATION OF 7‐METHYLENENORCARANE (1977)

Abstract Das Norcaran (Ia) ergibt bei seiner UV‐ Bestrahlung in Äther in Gegenwart von Cu(I)‐trifluormethansulfonat außer den Fragmentierungsprodukten Cyclohexen (IIa) und Acetylen die Umlagerungsprodukte (IIIa)‐(VIa), die im Verhältnis 1 :O,4l :O,l4:0,lO entstehen.
Experimental studies of macroscopic forces in the micrometre range (2001)

We report on the development and characterization of a device aimed at measuring macroscopic forces in the micrometre range. The apparatus is designed to detect Casimir forces in a parallel plane configuration and to search for Yukawa-like extra-gravitational forces in the submillimetre range. The sensitivity limits for the detection of both forces are also discussed.
Computer vision issues in the design of a scrub nurse robot (2011)

Abstract-A robot scrub nurse (RSN) is an example of a robotic assistant for surgical environments. Ideally, by taking over management of instruments, it would lower costs of an operation and cut down on mistakes. Of vital importance for such robots is how they interface with the environment. A scrub nurse robot requires the ability to sense the human operators before it can assist. Computer vision offers here a number of advantages over other sensing modalities. In this paper we examine a visual tracking system for a robot scrub nurse. The system works by estimating the hand position and orientation of the main surgeon. This information is needed to guide the robot in delivering instruments directly to the surgeon. Our work outlines the entire visual tracking process and evaluates robustness and accuracy. The end result is a re-implementable and working application, suitable for surgical environments, that also offers a degree of operation robustness.
Protocols and impossibility results for gossip-based communication mechanisms (2003)

In recent years, gossip-based algorithms have gained prominence as a methodology for designing robust and scalable communication schemes in large distributed systems. The premise underlying distributed gossip is very simple: in each time step, each node v in the system selects some other node w as a communication partner, generally by a simple randomized rule, and exchanges information with w; over a period of time, information spreads through the system in an "epidemic fashion". A fundamental issue which is not well understood is the following: how does the underlying low-level gossip mechanism (the means by which communication partners are chosen) affect one's ability to design efficient high-level gossip-based protocols? We establish one of the first concrete results addressing this question, by showing a fundamental limitation on the power of the commonly used uniform gossip mechanism for solving nearest-resource location problems. In contrast, very efficient protocols for this problem can be designed using a non-uniform spatial gossip mechanism, as established in earlier work with Alan Demers. We go on to consider the design of protocols for more complex problems, providing an efficient distributed gossip-based protocol for a set of nodes in Euclidean space to construct an approximate minimum spanning tree. Here too, we establish a contrasting limitation on the power of uniform gossip for solving this problem. Finally, we investigate gossip-based packet routing as a primitive that underpins the communication patterns in many protocols, and as a way to understand the capabilities of different gossip mechanisms at a general level.
A relational schema for both array-based and SAGE gene expression experiments (2001)

A relational schema is described for capturing highly parallel gene expression experiments using different technologies. This schema grew out of efforts to build a database for collaborators working on different biological systems and using different types of platforms in their gene expression experiments as well as different types of image quantification software. The tables are conceptually organized into three categories of information: Platform, Experiment (which includes image scanning and quantification), and Data. The strengths of the schema are: (i) integrating information on array elements using a gene index; (ii) describing samples using ontologies; (iii) reducing an experiment to a single RNA source for precise descriptions yet not losing the relationships between experiments done at the same time or for the same project; and (iv) maintaining both raw and processed (e.g. cleansed and normalized) data and recording how the data is processed. The result is a novel schema, which can hold both array and non-array data, is extensible for detailed experimental descriptions that are precise and consistent, and allows for meaningful comparisons of genes between experiments.
Glycinin A3B4 mRNA. Cloning and sequencing of double-stranded cDNA complementary to a soybean storage protein. (1985)

The cDNA clones encoding the precursor form of glycinin A3B4 subunit have been identified from a library of soybean cotyledonary cDNA clones in the plasmid pBR322 by a combination of differential colony hybridizations, and then by immunoprecipitation of hybrid-selected translation product with A3-mono-specific antiserum. A recombinant plasmid, designated pGA3B41425, from one of six clones covering codons for the NH2-terminal region of the subunit was sequenced, and the amino acid sequence was inferred from the nucleotide sequence, which showed that the mRNA codes for a precursor protein of 516 amino acids. Analysis of this cDNA also showed that it contained 1786 nucleotides of mRNA sequence with a 5'-terminal nontranslated region of 46 nucleotides, a signal peptide region corresponding to 24 amino acids, an A3 acidic subunit region corresponding to 320 amino acids followed by a B4 basic subunit region corresponding to 172 amino acids, and a 3'-terminal nontranslated region of 192 nucleotides, which contained two characteristic AAUAAA sequences that ended 110 nucleotides and 26 nucleotides from a 3'-terminal poly(A) segment, respectively. Our results confirm that glycinin is synthesized as precursor polypeptides which undergo post-translational processing to form the nonrandom polypeptide pairs via disulfide bonds. The inferred amino acid sequence of the mature basic subunit, B4, was compared to that of the basic subunit of pea legumin, Leg Beta, which contained 185 amino acids. Using an alignment that permitted a maximum homology of amino acids, it was found that overall 42% of the amino acid positions are identical in both proteins. These results led us to conclude that both storage proteins have a common ancestor.
DABCO-Catalyzed Reaction of Phenols or 1,2-Diphenols with Activated Alkynes Leading to the Formation of Alkenoic Acid Esters or 1,3-Dioxole Derivatives (2006)

The reaction of phenols or 1,2-diphenols with activated alkynes took place smoothly and rapidly in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane (DABCO) at room temperature and resulted in the formation of various alkenoic acid esters or 1,3-dioxole derivatives in excellent yields. The scope and limitations, together with a plausible mechanism of the reaction are disclosed in this paper.