gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and Evolution of Endemic Species on Ulleungdo Island, Korea: The Case of <I>Fagus multinervis</I> (Fagaceae) (2016)

Abstract The genus Fagus (beech, Fagaceae) consists of about 10 species discontinuously distributed in East Asia, eastern North America, and Europe. Fagus multinervis occurs only on Ulleungdo Island, Korea, and is an important component of the island's plant community. The species was described primarily based on one of its stem characteristics: it branches at the base, producing several primary trunks. In part because no extant Fagus species are found in mainland Korea, and because the closest populations of Fagus are found in Japan, F. multinervis has been considered to be derived from the Japanese species, F. japonica. However, a recent study synonymized F. multinervis under F. engleriana and proposed that the beech population of Ulleungdo Island was derived instead from China via long-distance dispersal. Fagus multinervis is morphologically very similar to F. engleriana, but it can be distinguished by having rhombic lenticels that are vertically elongated. We determined the nucleotide sequences of the trnK-matK, trnL-trnF, trnH-psbA, and atpB-rbcL regions of plastid DNA and the second intron of the nuclear LEAFY gene from accessions of eight species, including eight F. multinervis individuals, in order to clarify the phylogenetic placement of this insular species. Phylogenetic analyses show that F. multinervis is monophyletic, and that it is closely related to F. engleriana and F. japonica. However, a sister relationship of F. multinervis with either of those species is not resolved. Therefore, our molecular data support the distinctness of F. multinervis as an endemic on Ulleungdo Island. Furthermore, incongruence between plastid and nuclear data suggests that F. multinervis may have originated via hybridization.
Clostridial Binary Toxins: Iota and C2 Family Portraits (2011)

There are many pathogenic Clostridium species with diverse virulence factors that include protein toxins. Some of these bacteria, such as C. botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and C. spiroforme, cause enteric problems in animals as well as humans. These often fatal diseases can partly be attributed to binary protein toxins that follow a classic AB paradigm. Within a targeted cell, all clostridial binary toxins destroy filamentous actin via mono-ADP-ribosylation of globular actin by the A component. However, much less is known about B component binding to cell-surface receptors. These toxins share sequence homology amongst themselves and with those produced by another Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium also commonly associated with soil and disease: Bacillus anthracis. This review focuses upon the iota and C2 families of clostridial binary toxins and includes: (1) basics of the bacterial source; (2) toxin biochemistry; (3) sophisticated cellular uptake machinery; and (4) host-cell responses following toxin-mediated disruption of the cytoskeleton. In summary, these protein toxins aid diverse enteric species within the genus Clostridium.
Modular real-time resource management in the Rialto operating system (2002)

This paper describes ongoing investigations into algorithms for modular distributed real-time resource management. These investigations are being conducted in the context of the Rialto operating system-an object-based real-time kernel and programming environment currently being developed within Microsoft Research. Some of the goals of this research include developing appropriate real-time programming abstractions to allow multiple independent real-time programs to dynamically coexist and share resources on the same hardware platforms. Use of these abstractions is intended both to allow individual applications to reason about their own resource requirements and for per-machine system resource planner applications to reason about and control resource allocations between potentially competing applications. The set of resources being managed is dynamically extensible, and may include remote resources in distributed environments. The local planner conducts resource negotiations with individual applications on behalf of the user, with the goal of maximizing the user's perceived utility of the set of running applications with respect to resource allocations for those applications.
Continuous-wave sum-frequency generation near 194 nm in β-BaB_2O_4 crystals with an enhancement cavity (1992)

Continuous-wave coherent radiation tunable near 194 nm has been generated by sum-frequency generation in beta-BaB(2)O(4) placed inside an external enhancement cavity. An output power of 16 microW has been obtained with a walk-off-compensated configuration of beta-BaB(2)O(4) crystals.
Adjuvant Therapy for High Risk Localized Kidney Cancer: Emerging Evidence and Future Clinical Trials (2017)

Based on the available data, there appears to be no role for traditional immunotherapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with high risk localized kidney cancer following surgical resection. S-TRAC provides evidence that 1 year of adjuvant sunitinib in patients with higher risk locoregional disease increases the median time to recurrence. However, the data on overall survival are immature and adverse effects are common. Results from trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors are highly anticipated.
Fundamental Investigations of the Deformation Behavior of Single-Crystal Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys and Their Polymer Composites via the Introduction of Various Fields (2023)

To meet the great requirements of future technologies, such as robots, single-crystal (SC) Ni-Mn-Ga alloys and their composites were designed and investigated in this study. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) are promising materials for applications in high-speed actuators, which are core components of robots; however, there are some issues of embrittlement and small deformation strain. Therefore, in this work, we first prepared SC Ni-Mn-Ga alloys for fundamental investigations of the shape deformations under the application of different fields (e.g., compressive and magnetic fields). Second, the SC Ni-Mn-Ga alloys were integrated with polymers of epoxy resin or silicone rubber to solve the embrittlement problem. The obvious two-stage yielding and sudden intensifying of the magnetization both suggest martensite variant reorientation (MVR) under the compressive and magnetic fields, respectively. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) and an X-ray diffractometer were utilized for the observations of shape deformation brought about by the MVR of the SC Ni-Mn-Ga particles in the polymer matrix. Clear MVR and shape deformation could be found in the compressed composites.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Constrained Adamantaneoxazolines of Pharmacological Interest. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The CoNLL-2014 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction (2014)

Hwee Tou Ng, Siew Mei Wu, Ted Briscoe, Christian Hadiwinoto, Raymond Hendy Susanto, Christopher Bryant. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning: Shared Task. 2014.
Cacao liquor procyanidin extract improves glucose tolerance by enhancing GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in skeleta muscle – ERRATUM (2012)

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Physiological involvement of presynaptic L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels in GABA release of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons (2020)

While high threshold voltage-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (VDCCs) of the N and P/Q families are crucial for evoked neurotransmitter release in the mammalian CNS, it remains unclear to what extent L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (LTCCs), which have been mainly considered as acting at postsynaptic sites, participate in the control of transmitter release. Here, we investigate the possible role of LTCCs in regulating GABA release by cerebellar molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) from rats. We found that BayK8644 (BayK) markedly increases mIPSC frequency in MLIs and Purkinje cells (PCs), suggesting that LTCCs are expressed presynaptically. Furthermore, we observed (1) a potentiation of evoked IPSCs in the presence of BayK, (2) an inhibition of evoked IPSCs in the presence of the LTCC-specific inhibitor Compound 8 (Cp8), and (3) a strong reduction of mIPSC frequency by Cp8. BayK effects are reduced by dantrolene, suggesting that ryanodine receptors act in synergy with LTCCs. Finally, BayK enhances presynaptic AP-evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients and increases the frequency of spontaneous axonal Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients observed in TTX. Taken together, our data demonstrate that LTCCs are of primary importance in regulating GABA release by MLIs.
Security Issues in OpenStack (2011)

Cloud computing is a relatively novel topic in Information Technology that attracts significant attention from the public and private sectors nowadays. Despite the amount of attention towards cloud computing , barriers to widespread adoption of it still exist, security being named the most important one. OpenStack is an open-source software for building private and public clouds, which was initially created by the source code contribution from NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the USA, and Rackspace, a company providing web hosting and cloud computing services. At the moment the number of companies and organizations involved in the OpenStack project has grown to 76, which emphasizes the importance of studying OpenStack and researching how various security issues are handled in this software. Since cloud computing is a novel and dynamic area which still evolves, there is no worldwide accepted specification for security assessment of cloud computing services. At the same time different organizations try to create their own guidelines for cloud security. We start our work with comparing available cloud security documents and create a list of issues found in all analyzed documents. Based on that list we later analyze two selected areas in OpenStack Object Storage: 1) Identity and access management and 2) Data management. As a result of our analysis we achieve the following: 1) find a security vulnerability which allows administrators with lower permissions to obtain credentials of administrators with higher permissions; 2) report inadequately high permissions of one type of administrators which allows to read/delete all the files of all the users; 3) find a possibility to compromise isolation of files with subsequent overwrite of one file by another. Besides, we report poor password management procedures employed in available authentication systems and submit our proposals for implementing data location compliance and backup/recovery functionality in OpenStack Object Storage.
Homologues of a single resistance‐gene cluster in potato confer resistance to distinct pathogens: a virus and a nematode (2000)

The isolation of the nematode-resistance gene Gpa2 in potato is described, and it is demonstrated that highly homologous resistance genes of a single resistance-gene cluster can confer resistance to distinct pathogen species. Molecular analysis of the Gpa2 locus resulted in the identification of an R-gene cluster of four highly homologous genes in a region of approximately 115 kb. At least two of these genes are active: one corresponds to the previously isolated Rx1 gene that confers resistance to potato virus X, while the other corresponds to the Gpa2 gene that confers resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. The proteins encoded by the Gpa2 and the Rx1 genes share an overall homology of over 88% (amino-acid identity) and belong to the leucine-zipper, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (LZ-NBS-LRR)-containing class of plant resistance genes. From the sequence conservation between Gpa2 and Rx1 it is clear that there is a direct evolutionary relationship between the two proteins. Sequence diversity is concentrated in the LRR region and in the C-terminus. The putative effector domains are more conserved suggesting that, at least in this case, nematode and virus resistance cascades could share common components. These findings underline the potential of protein breeding for engineering new resistance specificities against plant pathogens in vitro.
Secure Access Control for Location-Based Applications in WLAN Systems (2006)

Location-based service provisioning is of great interests to wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) to deliver attractive value-added services, such as service advertisements, product marketing, to the special network users according to their geographic coordinates, along with Internet access benefits. It is usually the case that the basic location information is derived from direct interactions between the infrastructure network and the wireless mobile devices. Unfortunately, the Internet access service easily becomes the target of free-riders and attackers by exploiting the location authentication protocols, and collusively forging their location claims. We propose a location authentication and authorization protocol, LBAC (location-based network access control), to securely authenticate the location claims of mobile wireless users, and to securely distribute the shared keys for data encryption purposes. In LBAC, location areas are defined by the shared points of multiple wireless access points. The fact that a mobile node is located at certain places is authenticated by the mobile node collecting all the key information from the corresponding access points. Using Diffie-Hellman algorithm, LBAC authenticates location claims, and derives the keys for each mobile node and access point pair. LBAC eliminates the dependence on global positioning system (GPS) or ultrasonic devices in order to localize the mobile devices. We enumerate possible attacks to the system and analyze their countermeasures. The computational, communicational and the memory requirement are also evaluated
In As ∕ Ga Sb cascaded active region superlattice light emitting diodes for operation at 3.8μm (2008)

We report on the growth and characterization of InAs∕GaSb superlattice light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the midwave infrared at 3.8μm at 77K. Devices were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaSb substrates and were fabricated into 120×120μm2 mesa devices using wet etching. By employing an eight-stage cascaded active region design, output powers in excess of 1.5mW were achieved at 77K with 100mA peak drive current and a 50% duty cycle. Operating characteristics of the devices were examined from room temperature to 77K under quasi-dc excitation conditions.
Ring‐Fluorinated Fluoresceins as an Organic Photosensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High-throughput analysis of the mutagenic and cytotoxic properties of DNA lesions by next-generation sequencing (2011)

Human cells are constantly exposed to environmental and endogenous agents which can induce damage to DNA. Understanding the implications of these DNA modifications in the etiology of human diseases requires the examination about how these DNA lesions block DNA replication and induce mutations in cells. All previously reported shuttle vector-based methods for investigating the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of DNA lesions in cells have low-throughput, where plasmids containing individual lesions are transfected into cells one lesion at a time and the products from the replication of individual lesions are analyzed separately. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has facilitated investigators to design scientific approaches that were previously not technically feasible or affordable. In this study, we developed a new method employing NGS, together with shuttle vector technology, to have a multiplexed and quantitative assessment of how DNA lesions perturb the efficiency and accuracy of DNA replication in cells. By using this method, we examined the replication of four carboxymethylated DNA lesions and two oxidatively induced bulky DNA lesions including (5'S) diastereomers of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cyclo-dG) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cyclo-dA) in five different strains of Escherichia coli cells. We further validated the results obtained from NGS using previously established methods. Taken together, the newly developed method provided a high-throughput and readily affordable method for assessing quantitatively how DNA lesions compromise the efficiency and fidelity of DNA replication in cells.
Modelling and simulation of SAW delay line sensors with COMSOL Multiphysics (2018)

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) devices are used in several domains varying from telecommunication and mechanics to chemical and biological sensing. Their ability to function in either liquid or gaseous environments make them devices of choice for the detection of several types of analytes (DNA, antibodies/antigens, gases, pesticides, heavy metals &hellip;) in real time and without labeling. Compared to other chemical and biological sensors, the SAW ones are highly sensitive and can achieve very low limits of detection. Among the large variety of acoustic devices, SAW sensors are the most promising ones, as their operating frequencies can be varied from several hundred MHz to a few GHz. However, they are still the subject of constant development; therefore, simulation becomes a powerful tool to design optimised structure for highly sensitive devices. This study concerns 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of SAW sensors using COMSOL Multiphysics software. A SAW delay line was designed on 36&deg;lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) piezoelectric substrate. Interdigital transducers (IDTs) were patterned in Cr/Au (20 nm/80 nm) layers with the same periodicity of &lambda; = 40 &mu;m. A metallized Cr/Au (20 nm/80 nm) sensing area of 80 &micro;m length separates the input and output IDTs. The corresponding frequency is thus of order of 104 MHz. Simulations were made on well-known structure to define a model that can account for and predict the electrical behaviour of SAW transducers for the future optimisations. The results show good agreement between COMSOL numerical simulation and experimental S21 spectra. Accordingly, we can use the built model for simulations intended to optimize the structure of devices, mainly for increasing their sensitivity.
Effectiveness of treatment guidance on diarrhea and colitis across ipilimumab studies. (2011)

8554 Background: Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that potentiates immunity by blocking interactions between CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86. Ipilimumab has shown survival benefit in subjects with previously treated metastatic melanoma (Hodi et al, NEJM 2010;363:711). Diarrhea/colitis (D/C) are adverse events that occur with ipilimumab which could develop into serious life threatening complications such as bowel perforation. A gastrointestinal management guideline has been developed as a reference for managing D/C events. The objective of this analysis was to assess the effectiveness of a protocol specified treatment algorithm on the management of D/C. Methods: This was an event level analysis. A total of 687 D/C events from 5 studies in which 511 subjects received ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 wks for 4 doses, and 325 subjects received 10 mg/kg. Results: Subjects in the 3 mg/kg cohort reported 370 D/C events. Guidance for Grade 1 (g1) diarrhea was to treat symptomatically without immunosuppressives (IS) unless it persisted beyond 5 days: 64% of the events were g1, 18% prompted treatment with IS. Of the g1 events that were managed with IS, 67% resolved; of those that did not receive IS, 87% resolved. Guidance for g2 diarrhea was to treat symptomatically, with budesonide, or with corticosteroids if symptoms persist for 3-5 days or worsen. G2 D/C occurred in 22% of all events; 46% were treated with IS; median time to first IS was 3 days. The majority of g2 events resolved or improved regardless of IS. Systemic corticosteroids were recommended for g≥3 D/C. Resolution/downgrading of symptoms occurred in 90% of g≥3 events after IS. Median time to resolution was 2 wks and median time to downgrade was 1 wk. Initiation of IS within 5 days from onset of an event led to faster resolution of symptoms compared to IS after 5 days. 13% of the events were g≥3; 86% were managed with systemic corticosteroids and median time to first dose was 1 day. Conclusions: When the use of protocol specified guidance was followed appropriately it led to resolution of D/C during ipilimumab treatment. The majority of high grade colitis events were treated with systemic steroids. Rapid institution of IS (within 5 days) led to faster resolution of symptoms.
Fluoride release and secondary caries inhibition by adhesive systems on root dentine (2005)

This study tested the fluoride-release rate and the root caries inhibitory effect of dental adhesives. In phase 1, the fluoride released from samples (n = 5) of the adhesives A (Optibond Solo), B (One-up Bond F), C (Prime & Bond NT), D (Tenure Quick), and also of the controls [+] (glass-ionomer cement) and [-] (non-fluoride releasing adhesive), was quantified on a daily basis during a pH-cycling, caries-simulating phenomenon. In phase 2, restorations were made in bovine root dentine slabs (n = 16) with the same adhesives associated with a non-fluoridated composite. Control [+] restorations were made entirely with glass-ionomer cement. Specimens were thermocycled and submitted to the pH-cycling regimen. Demineralization areas and the presence of the wall lesion (WL) and the inhibition zone (IZ) were determined by polarizing light microscopy in dentine adjacent to the restoration. The highest concentration of fluoride was released by the control [+]; adhesives A, B and C, also released fluoride. No detectable amount of fluoride was released by D or [-]. Smaller areas of demineralization were found with control [+], whereas the demineralization areas of adhesives A-D and [-] did not differ from each other. No WL was detected, and higher percentages of IZ were recorded to [+] and to adhesive A. Although some dental adhesives were able to release fluoride, they could not inhibit secondary caries development as well as the glass-ionomer cement.