gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards fast volume visualisation on the WWW (2003)

The steady growth of the Internet has dramatically changed the way information is shared and modern users expect near real time delivery, high quality images together with in-depth navigation and exploration of 3D models. Multiresolution is a promising approach for fast distributed volume visualisation employing levels-of-detail. We review multiresolution algorithms and visualisation systems on the WWW. Our discussion is based on experience gained in the development of the IAEVA-II project funded by the European Commission. A new method for rapid data classification/rendering of multiresolution volumes based on shear-warp factorisation, is described. We can change classification functions and data resolution during rendering without significant reduction in interactivity. A method for constructing multiresolution transfer functions for determining opacity is also investigated. Finally, future trends in developing WWW visualisation systems are discussed.
Role of STIM1 in survival and neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells independent of Orai1-mediated Ca2+ entry (2014)

Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is an important Ca(2+) influx pathway in non-excitable cells. STIM1, an ER Ca(2+) sensor, and Orai1, a plasma membrane Ca(2+) selective channel, are the two essential components of the Ca(2+) release activated channel (CRAC) responsible for SOCE activity. Here we explored the role of STIM1 and Orai1 in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that STIM1 and Orai1 were expressed and functionally active in ES cells, and expressions of STIM1 and Orai1 were dynamically regulated during neural differentiation of mouse ES cells. STIM1 knockdown inhibited the differentiation of mouse ES cells into neural progenitors, neurons, and astrocytes. In addition, STIM1 knockdown caused severe cell death and markedly suppressed the proliferation of neural progenitors. Surprisingly, Orai1 knockdown had little effect on neural differentiation of mouse ES cells, but the neurons derived from Orai1 knockdown ES cells, like those from STIM1 knockdown cells, had defective SOCE. Taken together, our data indicate that STIM1 is involved in both early neural differentiation of ES cells and survival of early differentiated ES cells independent of Orai1-mediated SOCE.
Platelet cytosolic free calcium concentration and parathyroid hormone: changing relationships with haemodialysis in end-stage renal disease (1992)

1. Twelve patients receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal failure were studied at a single dialysis session. Platelet cytosolic calcium concentration, plasma ionized calcium concentration and serum parathyroid hormone concentration were measured before dialysis, mid-dialysis and 30 min after dialysis. 2. Plasma ionized calcium concentration increased towards dialysate calcium concentrations, falling insignificantly after cessation of dialysis. Serum parathyroid hormone concentration fell by 39% during dialysis, with incomplete recovery afterwards. There was no overall change in platelet cytosolic calcium concentration. 3. Patients were divided into two subgroups: low parathyroid hormone (serum parathyroid hormone concentration less than 10 pmol/l) and high parathyroid hormone (serum parathyroid hormone concentration greater than 10 pmol/l). Before dialysis, values of platelet cytosolic calcium concentration or plasma ionized calcium concentration were not statistically different between the subgroups, but the platelet cytosolic calcium concentration was higher in the high-parathyroid hormone subgroup during and after dialysis. 4. Before haemodialysis there was a linear correlation between plasma ionized calcium concentration and platelet cytosolic calcium concentration, which disappeared during dialysis. In contrast, there was no relationship between serum parathyroid hormone concentration and platelet cytosolic calcium concentration before dialysis, but after dialysis a hyperbolic relationship was evident. 5. These results suggest that uraemic toxins may interfere with cytosolic calcium homoeostasis, allowing passive diffusion of extracellular calcium to influence the resting concentration, and that this effect is reversible by haemodialysis.
Successful Strategies for Improving Operating Room Efficiency at Academic Institutions (1999)

In Response: Beattie's contention that our study missed some potential sources of inefficiency in the operating room is certainly valid. Our study was constructed to identify and eliminate the most flagrant inefficiencies in our system, the so-called "low hanging fruit." The major factors we identified-such as waiting for attending physicians, patient flow issues, and poor communication-were reduced by a combination of accurate data collection, accountability, and education. We agree with Beattie that there is still room for improvement by reducing surgery-controlled time in academic settings. Although little data exist on the impact of surgical resident training on efficiency [1], we suspect that academic surgeons will curtail unsupervised resident activity as benchmark data on surgery times become available and institutional and peer pressure is exerted. Although we do not have objective measures of the impact of our efficiency initiatives on resident training, we purposely chose interventions that would not affect anesthesia resident education. For instance, we reassigned the placement of certain regional anesthesia blocks and invasive monitors to outside of the operating room, by a resident dedicated to the "block and line" rotation, thus solidifying the experience. However, we believe that raising awareness of efficient anesthetic practice and cost-containment should be an integral part of anesthesia training and that our residents are well served by participating in this process. Finally, as Beattie suggests, the importance of psychology in this effort is not lost on anyone who has tried to implement change. We struggle to maintain our improvements by continually reinforcing efficiency awareness in combination with personal accountability and incentives for productivity. Frank J. Overdyk, MSEE, MD Susan C. Harvey, MD The Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425
Anti-Siglec-15 antibody suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast multinucleation without attenuating bone formation (2021)

Anti-resorptive drugs are widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis, but excessive inhibition of osteoclastogenesis can suppress bone turnover and cause the deterioration of bone quality. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is a transmembrane protein expressed on osteoclast precursor cells and mature osteoclasts. Siglec-15 regulates proteins containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) domains, which then induce nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), a master transcription factor of osteoclast differentiation. Anti-Siglec-15 antibody modulates ITAM signaling in osteoclast precursors and inhibits the maturation of osteoclasts in vitro. However, in situ pharmacological effects, particularly during postmenopausal osteoporosis, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that anti-Siglec-15 antibody treatment protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss by specifically inhibiting the generation of multinucleated osteoclasts in vivo. Moreover, treatment with anti-Siglec-15 antibody maintained bone formation to a greater extent than with risedronate, the first-line treatment for osteoporosis. Intravital imaging revealed that anti-Siglec-15 antibody treatment did not cause a reduction in osteoclast motility, whereas osteoclast motility declined following risedronate treatment. We evaluated osteoclast activity using a pH-sensing probe and found that the bone resorptive ability of osteoclasts was lower following anti-Siglec-15 antibody treatment compared to after risedronate treatment. Our findings suggest that anti-Siglec-15 treatment may have potential as an anti-resorptive therapy for osteoporosis, which substantially inhibits the activity of osteoclasts while maintaining physiological bone coupling.
Vanadium Pentafulvene Complexes: Synthon for Unprecedented VanadoceneIII Derivatives (2023)

The benzene ligand at CpV(η<sup>6</sup> -C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>6</sub> ) (1) is exchanged for pentafulvenes. Using sterically demanding pentafulvenes gives a clean exchange reaction, yielding vanadium pentafulvene (2 a and 2 b) and benzofulvene complexes (3 a and 3 b). The molecular structures of the target compounds suggest a π-η<sup>5</sup> :σ-η<sup>1</sup> coordination mode with a vanadium<sup>III</sup> center. With the sterically low demanding 6,6-dimethylpentafulvene, a C-H activation at the leaving ligand is observed, yielding the ring-substituted vanadocene<sup>II</sup> 4. The reactivity of the pentafulvene complexes was investigated. A series of unprecedented vanadocene<sup>III</sup> compounds were synthesized: Under mild conditions, E-H splitting of 4-tert-butylphenol, diphenylamine, and 2,6-diisopropylaniline yield well characterized examples of rare vanadocene<sup>III</sup> phenolate and amide complexes. Insertion reactions into the V-C<sub>exo</sub> bond of the pentafulvene complexes by multiple bond containing substrates were found for acetone, 4-chlorobenzonitril and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
Opportunities for early-career researchers to engage with science policy through the Biochemical Society (2021)

Science policy can be broadly defined as a two-way dialogue between science-related sectors and government. It involves the exchange of scientific findings and opinions with policy makers to inform the decision-making process, as well as the scrutinization of legislation around science-related topics to ensure it is based on sound evidence. Science policy covers a variety of issues, including research, education, funding, ethics, public health and equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI).
Express production of medical Bi-213 using various Ac/Bi generators (2021)

Anna A. Oleshkevich, Specific features of change in enzymate activity in
The effect of mannosylation of liposome-encapsulated indocyanine green on imaging of sentinel lymph node (2013)

The imaging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has been researched for its role in assessing cancer progression and postsurgical lymphedema. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared (NIR) optical dye that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It is known that liposome-encapsulated ICG (LP-ICG) has improved stability and fluorescence signal compared with ICG. We designed mannosylated liposome-encapsulated ICG (M-LP-ICG) as an optical contrast agent for SLN. M-LP-ICG has a higher UV absorbance spectrum and fluorescence intensity than LP-ICG. The stability of M-LP-ICG measured in 50% fetal bovine serum solution by a dialysis method was better than that of LP-ICG. M-LP-ICG demonstrated a high uptake in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell because the density of mannose is high. There were differences between M-LP-ICG and glucosylated liposome-encapsulated ICG (G-LP-ICG), which are geometrical isomers. The result of an inhibition study of M-LP-ICG showed a statistically significant decrease in uptake in RAW 264.7 cells after either co-treatment or pre-treatment with D-(+)-mannose as an inhibitor. Results from an in vitro experiment demonstrated that M-LP-ICG was specifically taken up by macrophage cells through the mannose receptor on its surface. The time-series images acquired from a normal mouse model after subcutaneous injection showed that the signal from M-LP-ICG in SLN and other organs appeared early and disappeared quickly in comparison with signals from LP-ICG. Not only the sentinel but also the draining lymph nodes were observed partly in M-LP-ICG. M-LP-ICG appears to increase the specificity of uptake and retention in macrophages, making it a good candidate contrast agent for an optic imaging system for SLN and the lymphatic system.
Assembly and Stepwise Oxidation of Interpenetrated Coordination Cages Based on Phenothiazine (2013)

A breath of fresh air is sufficient for the eightfold S-monooxygenation of an interpenetrated double cage based on eight phenothiazine ligands and four square-planar-coordinated Pd(II) cations. Besides these two cages, which were both characterized by X-ray crystallography, an eightfold S-dioxygenated double-cage was obtained under harsher oxidation conditions.
Rate-distortion optimized packet scheduling and routing for media streaming with path diversity (2003)

The diversity for media streaming in a rate-distortion optimization framework was considered. A sender-driven transmission scenario was also investigated. Diversity was achieved by using multiple transmission paths over the network. The proposed framework enables the sender to decide at every instant which packets, if any, to transmit and over which transmission paths in order to meet a rate constraint while minimizing the end-to-end distortion. Experimental results demonstrate the benefit of exploiting packet diversity in rate-distortion optimized sender-driven streaming of packetized media.
A novel low-molecular weight chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan isolated from cartilage (1981)

Proteoglycans were isolated from cartilage by extraction with 4M-guanidinium chloride followed by direct centrifugation in 4M-guanidinium chloride/CsCl at a low starting density, 1.34 g/ml. N-Ethylmaleimide was included in the extraction solvent as a precaution against contamination of proteoglycans with unrelated proteins mediated by disulphide exchange. A novel, discrete, low-buoyant-density proteoglycan (1.40--1.35 g/ml) was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Its proteoglycan nature was revealed by the shift in the molecular size observed on gel electrophoresis after treatment with chondroitinase ABC. The core protein was monodisperse. The proteoglycan was further purified by gel chromatography with and without addition of hyaluronate. The proteoglycan constitutes less than 2% (by weight) of the total extracted proteoglycans and is not capable of interacting with hyaluronate. The same proteoglycan was purified in larger quantities by sequential associative and dissociative CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation, zonal rate sedimentation in a sucrose gradient and gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. The pure proteoglycan had a molecular weight of 76 300 determined by sedimentation-equilibrium centrifugation and an apparent partial specific volume of 0.59 ml/g. It contained about 25% protein (of dry weight) and had remarkably high contents of leucine and cysteine as compared with other proteoglycans. The proteoglycan contained two to three large chondroitin sulphate chains and some oligosaccharides.
Pressure amplification mechanism for airborne ultrasound: Air-DPLUS (2023)

Abstract Airborne ultrasound is a promising technology in food and agriculture industries. However, its practical application is limited by its high energy attenuation and short propagating distance. In this work, we introduced a new system called Air-DPLUS (airborne double-parabolic-reflector wave-guided ultrasonic transducer), consisting of a focusing mechanism combined with a cylindrical airborne transducer. We evaluated the output pressure and its axial distribution in simulations and experiments. Under transient and continuous excitation, our prototype Air-DPLUS amplified the maximum pressure 6.9 and 24.4 fold, respectively, in comparison with the use of an airborne transducer alone.
ERβ Expression and Breast Cancer Risk Prediction for Women with Atypias (2015)

Estrogen receptor (ER) β is highly expressed in normal breast epithelium and a putative tumor suppressor. Atypical hyperplasia substantially increases breast cancer risk, but identification of biomarkers to further improve risk stratification is needed. We evaluated ERβ expression in breast tissues from women with atypical hyperplasia and association with subsequent breast cancer risk. ERβ expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized 171-women cohort with atypical hyperplasia diagnosed 1967-1991. Nuclear ERβ percent and intensity was scored in the atypia and adjacent normal lobules. An ERβ sum score (percent + intensity) was calculated and grouped as low, moderate, or high. Competing risks regression was used to assess associations of ERβ expression with breast cancer risk. After 15-year median follow-up, 36 women developed breast cancer. ERβ expression was lower in atypia lobules in than normal lobules, by percent staining and intensity (both P < 0.001). Higher ERβ expression in the atypia or normal lobules, evaluated by percent staining, intensity or sum score, decreased the risk of subsequent breast cancer by 2-fold (P = 0.04) and 2.5-fold (P = 0.006). High normal lobule ERβ expression conferred the strongest protective effect in premenopausal women: the 20-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer was 0% for women younger than 45 years with high versus 31% for low-moderate ERβ expression (P = 0.0008). High ERβ expression was associated with a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer in women with atypical hyperplasia. These data suggest that ERβ may be a useful biomarker for risk stratification and a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer risk reduction.
Melanocortin‐1 receptor structure and functional regulation (2005)

The melanogenic actions of the melanocortins are mediated by the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R). MC1R is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) superfamily expressed in cutaneous and hair follicle melanocytes. Activation of MC1R by adrenocorticotrophin or alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is positively coupled to the cAMP signaling pathway and leads to a stimulation of melanogenesis and a switch from the synthesis of pheomelanins to the production of eumelanic pigments. The functional behavior of the MC1R agrees with emerging concepts in GPCR signaling including dimerization, coupling to more than one signaling pathway and a high agonist-independent constitutive activity accounting for inverse agonism phenomena. In addition, MC1R displays unique properties such as an unusually high number of natural variants often associated with clearly visible phenotypes and the occurrence of endogenous peptide antagonists. Therefore MC1R is an ideal model to study GPCR function. Here we review our current knowledge of MC1R structure and function, with emphasis on information gathered from the analysis of natural variants. We also discuss recent data on the regulation of MC1R function by paracrine and endocrine factors and by external stimuli such as ultraviolet light.
A Computer Program To Assess Acid Generation in Pyritic Tailings (1993)

A computer program known as Reactive Tailings Assessment Program (RATAP) was developed to assist in predicting acid generation and major hydrogeochemical events brought about by the chemical and microbiological oxidation of sulfide minerals. The objective of the program is the application of fundamental kinetic and physical knowledge to field conditions for simulating the rate of acid production with time, simulating porewater quality in space and time. The kinetics of the abiotic and biological oxidations are key components of the program. The primary variables include the composition of the sulfide minerals, the specific surface area, the partial pressure of oxygen, the temperature, and the pH. In addition, biological reaction rates depend on the sorption equilibrium of the bacteria on the sulfide surface, the moisture content, and the availability of carbon dioxide (carbon source) and other macronutrients. The tailings soil profile is subdivided into layers comprising the unsaturated zone, the capillary fringe, and the saturated zone. Acid production occurs primarily in the unsaturated zone. A major control on the acid generation rate is the diffusive flux of oxygen in the pore space of the unsaturated zone. The diffusion coefficient, in turn, is related to the moisture content in a given zone. Computations are carried out at monthly time steps. The program can be run in a deterministic or probabilistic manner. For probabilistic assessment, an additional module known as RANSIM (random simulation), is utilized for the allocation of distributed parameter values. The program has been employed successfully to simulate field data at several tailings sites.
Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Dithienylethene-Bridged Diporphyrins (2001)

Dithienylethene-bridged diporphyrins 1-6 were prepared as photochemical switching molecules. Porphyrin and dithienylethene are directly linked in 1, and linked, respectively, through a 1,4-phenylene spacer in 2, through a 4-ethynylphenylene spacer in 3, and through a di-4-phenylethynylene spacer in 4, while meso-ethynylated porphyrin and dithienylethene are directly connected in 5 and linked through a 1,4-phenylene spacer in 6. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 do not undergo any photochemical isomerization, probably due to efficient quenching of the excited dithienylethene by the attached porphyrin moiety via intramolecular energy transfer. Compounds 4 and 6 undergo open-to-closed and closed-to-open photoisomerizations in quantum yields of 4.3 x 10(-)(2) and 1.8 x 10(-)(3), and 2.6 x 10(-)(3) and 7.5 x 10(-)(4), respectively, by irradiation with 313 and 625 nm light, which are considerably smaller than quantum yields of 0.52 and 3.8 x 10(-)(3) for reference dithienylethene molecule 7. The fluorescence of 4 was regulated in a reversible manner by the photoisomerization of the dithienylethene moiety. In addition, the absorption properties of the porphyrin in 6 changed in response to the photochromic reaction of the dithienylethene bridge.
Generating finite state machines from abstract state machines (2002)

We give an algorithm that derives a finite state machine (FSM) from a given abstract state machine (ASM) specification. This allows us to integrate ASM specs with the existing tools for test case generation from FSMs. ASM specs are executable but have typically too many, often infinitely many states. We group ASM states into finitely many hyperstates which are the nodes of the FSM. The links of the FSM are induced by the ASM state transitions.
Depletion of CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells and treatment with tyrosinase-related protein 2-transduced dendritic cells enhance the interferon alpha-induced, CD8(+) T-cell-dependent immune defense of B16 melanoma. (2001)

Transduction of B16 melanoma cells with IFN alpha (B16-IFN alpha) enhances CD8(+) T-cell-dependent tumor immunity in mice, resulting in delayed outgrowth in vivo. Here we provide evidence that CD4(+) T cells down-regulate the IFN alpha-induced tumor immune defense. Importantly, depletion of regulatory CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells prevented growth of B16-IFN alpha in most mice and promoted long-lasting protective tumor immunity. Rejection of B16-IFN alpha could also be achieved with therapeutic injections of dendritic cells genetically engineered to express the melanoma antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2. These results support the development of novel strategies for the immunotherapy of melanoma using IFN alpha in combination with elimination of regulatory T cells or antigen-specific immunization.
Yield Learning with Layout-aware Advanced Scan Diagnosis (2006)

Abstract Manufacturing yield is stable when the technology is mature. But, once in a while, excursions may occur due to variances in the large number of tools, materials, and people involved in the complex IC fabrication. Quickly identifying and correcting the root causes of yield excursions is extremely important to achieving consistent, predictable yield, and maintaining profitability. This paper presents a case study of yield learning through a layout-aware advanced scan diagnosis tool to resolve a significant yield excursion for an IC containing 1 Million logic gates, manufactured at 130 nm technology node.