gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide detection based on near-infrared TDLAS and Herriott cell (2017)

A compact open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry (TDLAS) sensor has been developed for gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) concentration monitoring during sterilization and aseptic disinfection. The sensor was based on a open-path multi-pass Herriott cell and wavelength modulated near-infrared diode laser. The sensor was calibrated by titrating the H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> water which was obtained by exhausting measured gas-phase H2O2 through a water bubbler. A detection limit of 15 ppm with single measurement is achieved in the range of approximately 0–2000 ppm. The response time is 1s, mainly limited by ramping frequency and processing speed. It offers a combination of sensitivity, fast response, dynamic range, cost effectiveness and easy operation not available in alternative H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> detectors.
Biosynthesis and Extracellular Concentrations of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Mammalian Brain (2019)

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a psychedelic compound identified endogenously in mammals, is biosynthesized by aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase (INMT). Whether DMT is biosynthesized in the mammalian brain is unknown. We investigated brain expression of INMT transcript in rats and humans, co-expression of INMT and AADC mRNA in rat brain and periphery, and brain concentrations of DMT in rats. INMT transcripts were identified in the cerebral cortex, pineal gland, and choroid plexus of both rats and humans via in situ hybridization. Notably, INMT mRNA was colocalized with AADC transcript in rat brain tissues, in contrast to rat peripheral tissues where there existed little overlapping expression of INMT with AADC transcripts. Additionally, extracellular concentrations of DMT in the cerebral cortex of normal behaving rats, with or without the pineal gland, were similar to those of canonical monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin. A significant increase of DMT levels in the rat visual cortex was observed following induction of experimental cardiac arrest, a finding independent of an intact pineal gland. These results show for the first time that the rat brain is capable of synthesizing and releasing DMT at concentrations comparable to known monoamine neurotransmitters and raise the possibility that this phenomenon may occur similarly in human brains.
IR Study of Catalytic Reduction of NOx by Propene in the Presence of O2 over CeZSM-5 Zeolite (1995)

The adsorbed species formed on Ce-ZSM-5 during the catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) by propene (C3H6) in the presence of oxygen using a closed circulation system and their reactivities have been investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy coupled with the quantitative analysis of the gas phase. Organic nitro-(1558 cm-1), nitrito- (1658 cm-1) compounds, and isocyanate (2266 and 2241 cm-1) species were formed in addition to carbonyl, nitrate, etc. on the surface during the NO2-C3H6-O2 reaction at 373 K, and the band due to the nitro-compounds rapidly decreased correspondingly to the formation of N2 in the gas phase when the temperature was raised to 423 and 473 K in the presence of NO2. The weak band due to isocyanate species (2241 cm-1) also decreased gradually, but the change was in general much smaller. Similar behavior was observed for the reaction between adsorbed CH3NO2 and NO2. Based on these results, it was presumed that organic nitrocompounds formed rapidly from NO2 and C3H6 were possible intermediates and that N2 was mainly produced by the reactions between the nitro-compounds and NO2 (or NO2 and O2) in the NOC3H6-O2 reaction over Ce-ZSM-5.
A Recombinant Bispecific Single-Chain Fragment Variable Specific for HLA Class II and FcαRI (CD89) Recruits Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils for Efficient Lysis of Malignant B Lymphoid Cells (2009)

Bispecific Abs offer new perspectives for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we describe a recombinant bispecific single-chain fragment variable (bsscFv) directed against Fc alpha RI (CD89) on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) or monocytes/macrophages and HLA class II on lymphoma target cells. Fc alpha RI and HLA class II-directed single-chain fragment variable (scFv) fragments were isolated from phage display libraries, established from the hybridomas A77 and F3.3, respectively. The two scFv molecules were connected with a 20 aa flexible linker sequence. After expression in SF21 insect cells and chromatographic purification, the bispecific molecule showed specific binding to both Ags at K(D) values of 148 +/- 42 nM and 113 +/- 25 nM for the anti-Fc alpha RI and anti-HLA class II scFv components in the bsscFv, respectively. In Ab-dependent cytotoxicity assays with PMNs as effectors and a series of lymphoma-derived cell lines (ARH-77, RAJI, REH, NALM-6, RS4;11), the bsscFv was significantly more cytotoxic than the parental murine IgG1 and its chimeric IgG1 derivative. When targeting primary tumor cell isolates from six patients with B cell malignancies, the killing capacity of the (Fc alphaRI x HLA class II) bsscFv compared favorably to conventional HLA class II mAb. Importantly, the cell lines NALM-6 and RS411, as well as two primary tumor cell isolates, were exclusively lysed by the bsscFv. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an Fc alpha RI-directed bsscFv effectively recruiting PMNs for redirected cytotoxicity against human B cell malignancies. Our data show that an (Fc alpha RI x HLA class II) bsscFv is an interesting candidate for further engineering of small, modular immunopharmaceuticals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Histamine H2‐Receptor Antagonist Activity of 4‐(1‐ Pyrazolyl)butanamides, Guanidinopyrazoles, and Related Compounds. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A highway crash risk assessment method based on traffic safety state division (2020)

In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of different traffic conditions on highway crash risk, a method of crash risk assessment based on traffic safety state division is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the highway crash data and corresponding traffic data of upstream and downstream are extracted and processed by using the matched case-control method to exclude the influence of other factors on the model. Secondly, considering the weight of traffic volume, speed and occupancy, a multi-parameter fusion cluster method is applied to divide traffic safety state. In addition, the quantitative relationship between different traffic states and highway crash risk is analyzed by using Bayesian conditional logistic regression model. Finally, the results of case study show that different traffic safety conditions are in different crash risk levels. The highway traffic management department can improve the safety risk management level by focusing on the prevention and control of high-risk traffic safety conditions.
An Experimental Investigation of Helicopter Rotor Hub Fairing Drag Characteristics (1989)

A study was done in the NASA 14- by 22-Foot Wind Tunnel at Langley Research Center on the parasite drag of different helicopter rotor hub fairings and pylons. Parametric studies of hub-fairing camber and diameter were conducted. The effect of hub fairing/pylon clearance on hub fairing/pylon mutual interference drag was examined in detail. Force and moment data are presented in tabular and graphical forms. The results indicate that hub fairings with a circular-arc upper surface and a flat lower surface yield maximum hub drag reduction; and clearance between the hub fairing and pylon induces high mutual-interference drag and diminishes the drag-reduction benefit obtained using a hub fairing with a flat lower surface. Test data show that symmetrical hub fairings with circular-arc surfaces generate 74 percent more interference drag than do cambered hub fairings with flat lower surfaces, at moderate negative angle of attack.
Noise and room acoustics distorted speech recognition by HMM composition (2002)

This paper presents a robust speech recognition method based on the HMM composition for the noisy room acoustics distorted speech. The method realizes an improved user interface such as the user is not encumbered by microphone equipment. The proposed HMM composition is obtained by naturally extending the HMM composition method of an additive noise to that of the convolutional room acoustics distortion. The HMM composition is conducted by 2 steps: (1) composition of HMMs of a speech and acoustical transfer function in the cepstrum domain, and (2) composition of distorted speech and noise HMMs in the linear spectral domain. The speaker dependent/independent word recognition experiments are carried out using the speech database contaminated by the additive noise and convolutional room acoustics distortion. The evaluation experiments are also conducted for unknown testing sound source positions. These results clarified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Estimation of the number of somatostatin neurons in the striatum: An in situ hybridization study using the optical fractionator method (1996)

Somatostatin-containing neurons of the striatum constitute fewer than 5% of the total neuronal population. Their involvement in the feedforward inhibition of the spiny projection neurons, the modulation of other interneurons, and the regulation of regional blood flow indicates that this small population of neurons plays an important role in the processing of information in the striatum. As a first step in developing a quantitative structural framework within which a more rigorous analysis can be made of the functional circuitry of the striatum, we used modern unbiased stereological techniques to make estimates of the total number of neurons expressing mRNA for somatostatin in the striatum of rats. The strategy developed involved the application of the optical fractionator technique to relatively thick tissue sections that were hybridized in situ with a relatively short oligonucleotide probe conjugated to a nonradioactive reporter molecule. The approach is generally applicable to other subpopulations of in situ hybridized cells in other parts of the brain and can provide a link between molecular neurobiology and stereology. The mean total number of neurons on one side of the striatum was estimated to be 21,300. An analysis of the sampling scheme indicated that counting no more than 200 neurons in a systematic sample of not more than 15 sections per individual results in an estimate with a precision that is more than sufficient for comparative and experimental studies. The issues that must be considered when analyzing in situ hybridized tissue with modern stereological methods, the interpretive caveats inherent in the resulting data, and the unique perspectives provided by data like that presented here for striatal somatostatin neurons are discussed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cognition: From Memory to Creativity (2013)

Preface ix Acknowledgments xi CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Study of Cognition 1 CHAPTER 2 Memory I: Models of Memory and Memory Systems 45 CHAPTER 3 Memory II: Encoding and Retrieval 95 CHAPTER 4 Memory III: Errors of Omission (Forgetting) and Commission (False Memory) 139 CHAPTER 5 Visual Cognition: Pattern Recognition and Spatial Localization 181 CHAPTER 6 Attention 243 CHAPTER 7 Imagery 289 CHAPTER 8 Concepts and Categories 333 CHAPTER 9 Language I: Sounds, Words, and Meanings 379 CHAPTER 10 Language II: Sentence Processing 423 CHAPTER 11 Thinking I: Logical Thinking and Decision Making 467 CHAPTER 12 Thinking II: Problem Solving 515 CHAPTER 13 Thinking III: Creative Thinking 563 References 607 Author Index 685 Subject Index 705
Implementation of a spread-spectrum acoustic modem on an android mobile device (2017)

Underwater acoustic modems can be expensive and inflexible. Software-defined underwater modems provide flexibility to modify the protocols and modulation schemes. The motivation of this research is towards producing minimal cost, low-power systems. The focus in this paper being the concept of a surface receiver consisting of a hydrophone plugged into a mobile device such as a smart phone or tablet. Applications could be where data or diagnostics are required from a distributed network of underwater sensors in the field that incorporate an integrated acoustic modem. Spread-spectrum signals with large bandwidth-time products are considered including binary orthogonal keying (BOK) using linear frequency modulated (LFM) chirps (Chirp-BOK) and pseudorandom noise m-ary orthogonal code keying (PN M-OCK). Bandwidth of 8 kHz to 16 kHz is utilised for simulated performance of the modulation schemes. The modulation schemes target low-power, low-received-SNR applications with rates between 23.4bit/s and 375.7 bit/s, targeting a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> at received-SNR of -14 dB to -6 dB respectively. A receiver structure design is implemented on an Android mobile device with experimental validation carried out in a marina over a 100 m range. The receiver application was able to successfully demodulate, error-free, all packets received in real-time with received SNR of 34 dB. The receiver modulation scheme was user-selectable at run-time. Recordings from the marina trials were combined with AWGN for varying SNR. These were played into the mobile device for real-time demodulation and showed the mobile device and receiver application produced the target BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> for SNRs of -12 dB to 0dB for the rates 23.4 bit/s and 375.7bit/s respectively.
A novel energy‐based stochastic method for positioning polar protons in protein structures from X‐rays (2000)

A novel automated method for the optimal placement of polar hydrogens in a protein structure is presented. The algorithm adds initially, to a protein data bank file of the protein, nonrotatable hydrogens such as peptide backbone hydrogens according to geometric considerations. Then, water protons and polar side chain protons of lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the C and N termini of a protein are added according to energy considerations. A unique stochastic approach has been developed to overcome a combinatorial explosion in the search for the lowest energy structure. First, the system is divided into ensembles. Each ensemble is treated separately: N conformations are sampled at random, their energies computed, whereas common components of high-energy combinations are gathered on one hand, and low-energy combinations on the other. Components that yield only high-energy conformations and do not contribute to any low energies are excluded. This is reiterated while the total amount of combinations is decreased along the iterative process. When the total number of combinations is lower than a user defined threshold, all remaining combinations are evaluated by exhaustive search. Energy evaluations use nonbonding energy expressions alone. The program was tested on five high-resolution crystal structures: bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Brookhaven Protein Data Bank file 5PTI), RNase-A (5RSA), trypsin (1NTP), and carbon monoxymyoglobin (2MB5), for which neutron diffraction structures are available, as well as phosphate binding protein (1IXH) for which very high resolution X-ray crystallography was used. The low RMS values prove the efficiency of this algorithm as a tool for positioning protons in proteins. It may be used for other biological structures. Proteins 2000;38:273–287. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Household Archaeology in East Asia: Introduction to the Special Issue (2016)

This special issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research brings together papers highlighting archaeological research on households from East Asia. Contributing authors examine this ubiquitous social unit as a “topic of” central inquiry, treating the household as an important subject in itself as well as the locus of various human interactions that crosscut all categories and levels of society. This collection provides comparable case studies from a vast and diverse region encompassing China, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan.
Immune-Mediated Therapies for Liver Cancer (2017)

In recent years, immunotherapy has gained renewed interest as an alternative therapeutic approach for solid tumors. Its premise is based on harnessing the power of the host immune system to destroy tumor cells. Development of immune-mediated therapies, such as vaccines, adoptive transfer of autologous immune cells, and stimulation of host immunity by targeting tumor-evasive mechanisms have advanced cancer immunotherapy. In addition, studies on innate immunity and mechanisms of immune evasion have enhanced our understanding on the immunology of liver cancer. Preclinical and clinical studies with immune-mediated therapies have shown potential benefits in patients with liver cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and recent developments in tumor immunology by focusing on two main primary liver cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
Design and Testing of VTOL UAV Cyclocopter with 4 Rotors (2006)

A cyclocopter propelled by the cycloidal blade system is a new concept of VTOL vehicle which has excellent hovering characteristics when compared with helicopters. The cycloidal blade system, which can be described as a horizontal rotary wing, offers powerful thrust levels, and a unique ability to change the direction of the thrust almost instantly. In this study, an unmanned-scaled cyclocopter is designed and developed by an optimization process to show that cycloidal blade system can be used for an alternative VTOL vehicle. The radius of rotor, the chord and the span of blades, the number of blades of the cyclocopter under development are 0.85m, 0.22m, 1m, and 4, respectively. Four rotors rotate at each side of a main fuselage in the opposite direction. The nominal rotating speed is 450RPM and to reduce relatively high centrifugal force, the blades are fabricated of carbon composite materials. Also micro scale cyclocopter is developed and it shows good hovering characteristics under fastened condition.
Imprinted Genes and Transpositions: Epigenomic Targets for Low Dose Radiation Effects (Final Report) (2012)

The overall hypothesis of this grant application is that low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) elicits adaptive responses in part by causing heritable DNA methylation changes in the epigenome. This novel postulate was tested by determining if the level of DNA methylation at the Agouti viable yellow (A{sup vy}) metastable locus is altered, in a dose-dependent manner, by low dose radiation exposure (<10 cGy) during early gestation. This information is particularly important to ascertain given the increased use of CT scans in disease diagnosis, increased number of people predicted to live and work in space, and the present concern about radiological terrorism. We showed for the first time that LDIR significantly increased DNA methylation at the A{sup vy} locus in a sex-specific manner (p=0.004). Average DNA methylation was significantly increased in male offspring exposed to doses between 0.7 cGy and 7.6 cGy with maximum effects at 1.4 cGy and 3.0 cGy (p<0.01). Offspring coat color was concomitantly shifted towards pseudoagouti (p<0.01). Maternal dietary antioxidant supplementation mitigated both the DNA methylation changes and coat color shift in the irradiated offspring (p<0.05). Thus, LDIR exposure during gestation elicits epigenetic alterations that lead to positive adaptive phenotypic changes that are negated with antioxidants, indicating they are mediated in part by oxidative stress. These findings provide evidence that in the isogenic Avy mouse model epigenetic alterations resulting from LDIR play a role in radiation hormesis, bringing into question the assumption that every dose of radiation is harmful. Our findings not only have significant implications concerning the mechanism of hormesis, but they also emphasize the potential importance of this phenomenon in determining human risk at low radiation doses. Since the epigenetic regulation of genes varies markedly between species, the effect of LDIR on other epigenetically labile genes (e.g. imprinted genes) in animals and humans needs to be defined.
Geometry of the fringe field formed in the intersection of two Gaussian beams (1996)

A general expression is obtained for the exact computation of the fringe field in the intersection volume of two paraxial Gaussian beams for arbitrary beam waist positions and sizes. The expression is then simplified to allow easy fringe field computation while retaining good accuracy. By relating the simplified expression to the system parameters relevant to dual-beam laser Doppler velocimeters, simple design equations are obtained. These equations permit rapid evaluation of the fringe field variation along the major and minor axes of the intersection volume and clearly identify the system parameters controlling this variation.
Synthesis of flocculant aids for cane sugar juice clarification. Part I - Evaluation of selected polymer additives (2000)

&lt;p&gt;In order to select suitable polymers for the clarification of cane sugar juice, and for future development of polymers with improved clarification properties, an understanding of how the polymers function is essential. This paper examines the various clarification mechanisms associated with anionic and cationic polymers and assesses a number of commercially available water soluble homo- and copolymers for their effectiveness in cane juice clarification as flocculant aids (i.e., polymers added in addition to anionic flocculant in order to improve clarification). The efficiencies of the polymer additives have been obtained and the results interpreted in the light of clarification mechanisms. The relationships between flocculant aid (coagulant) performance and polymer properties have provided valuable information for the synthesis of superior polymer additives.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Optimization of laser-to-fiber coupling to maximize manufacturing yield</title> (1996)

The coupling efficiency of an optical transceiver module is calculated over a wide range of tolerances for the key design parameters. The yield of the manufacturing process depends upon the minimum acceptable coupling efficiency for the module. The sensitivity of yield in the presence of various tolerances is illustrated. Tradeoffs between two key lensed-fiber parameters are developed in order to maximize the yield.