gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-isomorphic tread design for a side-slipping tread/limb hybrid robot (2008)

A novel tread design is described for the crawling robot TerminatorBot that allows side-slipping locomotion. This module creates a tread/limb hybrid robot capable of both forward locomotion and transverse locomotion. This paper focuses on the preliminary analysis of the rubber cantilever beams that result in nonisotropic behavior of the tread which we hope will allow enhanced capability in both forward and sideways motion.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate I. Volume fraction dependence in saline solution (1987)

We have measured volume fraction dependence of the sedimentation curve of swine erythrocytes in a physiological saline solution at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C. The sedimentation curves were found to consist of initial constant velocity region and final plateau region at the lower temperatures of 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C, while modified S-shaped curves were observed at the higher temperatures of 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C. The volume fraction dependence of the initial slope v of the sedimentation curve was fitted well to the following exponential type equation at all the temperatures: v = vs,exp (1 - H)exp[-(BH + CH2)] where vs,exp is the velocity in infinite dilution corresponding to the Stokes velocity and H is the volume fraction of erythrocytes. The volume fraction dependence of the relative velocity v/vs,exp was in close agreement with a semi-empirical equation derived for slurrys in the field of chemical engineering at the lower temperatures, while a small deviation between the observed and calculated curves was found at the higher temperatures. The volume fraction dependence of v at 20 degrees C was also analyzed on a theory recently developed by Oka. The explicit functional form of the medium up-flow factor phi (H) and the deformability factor f in the theory were determined using the experimental data.
Abstract P5-01-10: A panel of murine mammary tumor cell lines to study immune responses to epitopes created by different mutagens including human APOBEC3 enzymes (2022)

Abstract Background: Tumor mutation loads are a strong predictor of immunotherapy benefit. This is evidenced by studies on skin, lung, and colon cancer, where well-defined processes elicit high mutation burdens and checkpoint therapies often provoke strong anti-tumor immune responses. In comparison, only a small number of breast cancer patients have responded to checkpoint therapies such as anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. Approximately one-fourth of primary breast cancer and one-third of metastatic tumors have a significant APOBEC mutation burden defined as C-to-T and C-to-G mutations in TCA or TCT trinucleotide motifs, and many tumors have &amp;gt;10,000 of these APOBEC signature single base substitution mutations. However, to our knowledge, systematic immunotherapy studies focusing on this unique, hypermutated subset of breast cancers have yet to be done. Methods: To address the potential relationship between different checkpoint therapies and APOBEC mutation burden, we created a panel of &amp;gt;30 mammary tumor cell lines derived from fully immune-proficient C57BL/6 animals. At least 6 of these cell lines are immortalized, readily engineered using standard molecular biology procedures, and capable of re-engraftment and tumor formation in immune proficient C57BL/6 animals. Two lines were engineered to inducibly express human APOBEC3A, subjected to 1- to 20-rounds of sublethal mutagenesis, and tested systematically for checkpoint therapy responsiveness. Results: Two cell lines were engineered to inducibly express APOBEC3A or a catalytic mutant (E72A). Clones were characterized for inducible APOBEC3A expression and associated DNA damage responses. After varying rounds of mutagenesis, clones were engrafted into the subcutaneous flank or mammary fat pad of C57BL/6 animals. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analysis revealed a robust intratumoral CD8 T cell population including a subset with PD-1 expression. Additionally, engrafted tumor cells expressed high levels PD-L1. Experiments are ongoing and immunotherapy responses will be presented. Conclusions: We have isolated a panel of C57BL/6 mammary tumor-derived cell lines and demonstrated re-engraftment into immunocompetent animals. These cell lines constitute a platform for studying the relationship between different mutagens including APOBEC and immunotherapy responses. Citation Format: Jordan Naumann, Michael Carpenter, Prokopios Argyris, William Brown, Reuben Harris. A panel of murine mammary tumor cell lines to study immune responses to epitopes created by different mutagens including human APOBEC3 enzymes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-10.
Sterols as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis of Ring-B Oxygenated Steroids, Cytotoxic Profile, and Comprehensive SAR Analysis (2010)

The cytotoxicity of oxysterols was systematically studied in tumor and normal cells. Synthetic strategies to prepare this library included oxidations at ring B and a new method to yield 6β-hemiphthalates directly from Δ(5)-steroids. Most oxysterols were cytotoxic and showed selectivity toward cancer cells, LAMA-84 cells (leukemia) being particularly sensitive to 4, 8, 22, and 27 (IC(50) < 5.6 μM). The structural requirements to induce selective toxicity are discussed to shed light on the development of new anticancer drugs.
Convenient Solution Route To Alkylated Pentalene Ligands: New Metal Monoalkylpentalenyl Complexes (2005)

Carbene-induced rearrangement of 8,8-dibromobicyclo[5.1.0]octa-2,4-dienes and subsequent in situ deprotonation of the dihydropentalenes formed represents a straightforward and versatile solution route to pentalene ligands for use in organometallic chemistry. We report here the synthesis of 6-alkyl-substituted 8,8-dibromobicyclo[5.1.0]octa-2,4-dienes and their rearrangement to give correspondingly substituted pentalene ligands. Generation of methyl-substituted dihydropentalenes from 8,8-dibromo-6-methylbicyclo[5.1.0]octa-2,4-diene followed by monodeprotonation with TlOEt gives methylhydropentalenyl salts, Tl(C8H6Me), as a mixture of isomers. Formation of both 1-Me and 3-Me isomers of Re(C8H6Me)(CO)3 from these Tl species shows that monodeprotonation of the dihydropentalenes occurs at the unsubstituted ring. No evidence for the 2-Me isomer is observed, consistent with the rearrangement mechanism reported in the literature. Likewise, rearrangement of 8,8-dibromo-6-alkylbicyclo[5.1.0]octa-2,4-dienes (R = Me, Et, iPr) and subsequent double deprotonation with nBuLi in the presence of DME affords the pentalenyl salts Li2(C8H5R)·xDME. X-ray crystallographic studies of the dinuclear Mn organometallics anti-[Mn(CO)3]2(C8H5R) synthesized from the Li salts confirm that these alkylated pentalene ligands are substituted at the 1-position exclusively. The crystal structure of a model hydropentalenyl complex, Re(C8H7)(CO)3, is also reported.
Neutron-capture rates for explosive nucleosynthesis: the case of68Ni(n,γ)69Ni (2017)

Neutron-capture reactions play an important role in heavy element nucleosynthesis, since they are the driving force for the two processes that create the vast majority of the heavy elements. When a neutron capture occurs on a short-lived nucleus, it is extremely challenging to study the reaction directly and therefore the use of indirect techniques is essential. The present work reports on such an indirect measurement that provides strong constraints on the 68Ni(n, γ)69Ni reaction rate. This is done by populating the compound nucleus 69Ni via the β decay of 69Co and measuring the γ-ray deexcitation of excited states in 69Ni. The β-Oslo method was used to extract the γ-ray strength function and the nuclear level density. In addition the half-life of 69Co was extracted and found to be in agreement with previous literature values. Before the present results, the 68Ni(n, γ)69Ni reaction was unconstrained and the purely theoretical reaction rate was highly uncertain. The new uncertainty on the reaction rate based on the present experiment (variation between upper and lower limit) is approximately a factor of 3. The commonly used reaction libraries JINA-REACLIB and BRUSLIB are in relatively good agreement with the experimental rate. The impact of the new rate on weak r-process calculations is discussed.\nThis research was first published in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. © IOP Publishing.
Curing regular expressions matching algorithms from insomnia, amnesia, and acalculia (2007)

The importance of network security has grown tremendously and a collection of devices have been introduced, which can improve the security of a network. Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are among the most widely deployed such system; popular NIDS use a collection of signatures of known security threats and viruses, which are used to scan each packet's payload. Today, signatures are often specified as regular expressions; thus the core of the NIDS comprises of a regular expressions parser; such parsers are traditionally implemented as finite automata. Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) are fast, therefore they are often desirable at high network link rates. DFA for the signatures, which are used in the current security devices, however require prohibitive amounts of memory, which limits their practical use.
MicroRNA-203 induces apoptosis by upregulating Puma expression in colon and lung cancer cells (2015)

The present study investigated the relationship between microRNA-203 (miR-203) and the p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) in colon (HCT116) and lung cancer (A549) cells. Colon and lung cancer cell lines were selected for this study since a relationship between p53/miR-203 and p53/Puma has been established in both cancers. In the present study, adriamycin and nutlin-3 were used to activate p53, which induced both miR-203 and Puma expression in HCT116 cells. In contrast, HCT 116 cells with downregulated p53 showed decreased miR-203 and Puma expression. Importantly, we found that overexpressed miR-203 in HCT116 cells resulted in significantly increased Puma expression (P<0.05). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that another limb of the p53/Puma axis depends on miR-203 expression. To further validate this relationship, we used lung cancer cells (A549) and found that activated p53 increased both miR-203 and Puma expression. In addition, we found that Puma expression remained elevated in cells with overexpressed miR-203 in the presence of p53 downregulation. Cumulatively, our data purport that p53 not only increased Puma expression directly, but that it may also do so through miR-203. Additionally, functional studies revealed that miR-203 overexpression induced apoptosis and inhibited cell invasiveness.
Interaction of the Mammalian Antibacterial Peptide Cecropin P1 with Phospholipid Vesicles (1995)

Cecropins are positively charged antibacterial polypeptides that were originally isolated from insects. Later on a mammalian homologue, cecropin P1 (CecP), was isolated from pig intestines. While insect cecropins are highly potent against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, CecP is as active as insect cecropins against Gram-negative but has reduced activity against Gram-positive bacteria. To gain insight into the mechanism of action of CecP and the molecular basis of its antibacterial specificity, the peptide and its proline incorporated analogue (at the conserved position found in insect cecropins), P22-CecP, were synthesized and labeled on their N-terminal amino-acids with fluorescent probes, without significantly affecting their antibacterial activities. Fluorescence studies indicated that the N-terminal of CecP is located on the surface of phospholipid membranes. Binding experiments revealed that CecP binds acidic phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine (PS/PC) vesicles better than zwitterionic PC vesicles, which correlates with its ability to permeate the former better than the latter. The shape of the binding isotherms suggest that CecP, like insect cecropin, binds phospholipids in a simple, noncooperative manner. However, resonance energy transfer (RET) measurements revealed that, unlike insect cecropins, CecP does not aggregate in the membrane even at relatively high peptide to lipid ratios. The stoichiometry of CecP binding to vesicles suggests that amount of CecP sufficient to form a monolayer causes vesicle permeation. In spite of the incorporation of the conserved proline in P22-CecP, the analogue has reduced antibacterial activity, which correlates with its reduced alpha-helical structure and its lower partitioning and membrane permeating activity with phospholipid vesicles. Taken together, our results support a mechanism in which CecP disrupts the structure of the bacterial membrane by (i) binding of peptide monomers to the acidic surface of the bacterial membrane and (ii) disintegrating the bacterial membrane by disrupting the lipid packing in the bilayers. These results, combined with data reported for other antibacterial polypeptides, suggest that the organization of peptide monomers within phospholipid membranes contributes to Gram-positive/Gram-negative antibacterial specificity.
Direct Plasmonic Detection of Circulating RAS Mutated DNA in Colorectal Cancer Patients (2020)

By exploiting a liquid biopsy approach, we developed an ultrasensitive nanoparticle-enhanced plasmonic method for detecting RAS single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the plasma of CRC patients. The PCR-free method we developed is based on an imaging platform and allows the direct detection of ~1 attomolar RAS sequences in plasma with a sandwich hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acids probes. The assay involves a simple pre-analytical procedure that does not require the extraction of tumor DNA from plasma and detects it in volumes as low as 40 uL of plasma, which is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that required by state of the art liquid biopsy technologies. The most prevalent RAS SNVs are detected in DNA from tumor tissue with 100% sensitivity and 83.33% specificity. Spike-in experiments in human plasma further encouraged assay application on clinical specimens. Assay performances were then proven in plasma from CRC patients and healthy donors, demonstrating its promising avenue for cancer monitoring.&lt;br&gt;
ANISOTROPY OF INTERNAL STRESS RELATED TO PAPER SURFACE ROUGHENING (1999)

Release of internal stress has been referred to as one of the causes for surface roughening of paper. However, occasionally drying-induced stress is not corresponding to the roughening of the sheet. The authors assumed that roughening is not caused by release of in-plane internal stress built in drying, but of transverse internal stress built in transverse processes such as calendering and wet-pressing. The analytical procedure of Kubat for determining in-plane internal stress was attempted to apply to the transverse compressive mode to determine the transverse internal stress. A straight-line portion was found at higher initial stresses in the plots of relaxation speed per unit logarithmic time versus initial stress (Kubat’s plot). The slope and the offset of this straight-line portion were varied with the forming process the sheet subjected. The initial stress at a relaxation speed of 25 N/log(s) was defined as an index of transverse internal stress. Consequently, the greater the calendering, wet-pressing and beating, the higher the transverse internal stress (the slower the relaxation). But, the amount of loaded calcium carbonate did not affect it. The transverse internal stress had influence on surface roughening of paper, but the relationship was observed to be different between the papermaking processes. Besides, the transverse internal stress was likely to be associated with apparent sheet density depending on the fiber source and the way of sheet making. The authors considered that the degree of fiber collapse and viscoelasticity are closely related to the transverse internal stress.
In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Ten Particulate Materials in Tracheal Organ Culture. (1987)

This study was conducted to explore alternative toxicological testing methods for assessing the potential health hazard of particulate materials. The in vitro toxic effect of eight particles (graphite fibers, polycrystalline iron whiskers, aluminum dust, nickel-coated graphite fibers, brass dust, Printex L carbon black, micro-260 synthetic graphite dust and KS-2 natural graphite dust) was evaluated on the upper respiratory epithelium of hamster tracheal organ cultures based on microanatomical and histomorphometric changes. Tissue changes induced by the test articles were compared to changes that occurred in tracheal organ cultures exposed to crocidolite asbestos (positive control) and glass beads (negative control), in addition to untreated explants. The relative toxicity of each test particle was characterized base on qualitative histopathologic and morphometric differences relative to the positive and negative controls. Crocidolite asbestos and Ni-coated graphite were the most reactive in this study. Iron whiskers, aluminum dust, and KS-2 graphite caused an intermediate level of tissue response, while the remaining substances did not cause significant tissue responses compared to control explants. The most cytotoxic materials were brass dust and Ni-coated graphite.
Restructuring the U.S. Approach To Judgments On Foreign Currency Liabilities: Building On The English Experience (1985)

Recent years have seen wide fluctuations in the value of currencies on the foreign exchange markets. As a result, those who participate in transnational business transactions now face greater risks when they become creditors on a foreign currency liability. This risk is exacerbated when the creditor must turn to U.S. courts to satisfy a foreign currency debt. Under the home currency judgment rule, United States courts have required all judgments to be granted in U.S. currency and have not recognized that an award in a foreign currency may better serve the interests of the injured party. English courts have recently thrown off three and a half centuries of similar precedent and are now granting judgments in foreign currencies. It is time for the United States to abandon its out-dated rules on foreign currency liabilities and adopt an approach consistent with modem commercial realities.
Fault Tolerant Interleaved Switching Fabrics For Scalable High-Performance Routers (2007)

Scalable high-performance routers and switches are required to provide a larger number of ports, higher throughput, and good reliability. Most of today's routers and switches are implemented using single crossbar as the switched fabric. The single crossbar complexity increases at O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) in terms of crosspoint number, which might become unacceptable for scalability as the port number (N) increases. A delta class self-routing multistage interconnection network (MIN) with the complexity of O(N times log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N) has been widely used in the asynchronous transfer mode switches. However, the reduction of the crosspoint number results in considerable internal blocking. A number of scalable methods have been proposed to solve this problem. One of them uses more stages with recirculation architecture to reroute the deflected packets, which greatly increase the latency. In this paper, we propose an interleaved multistage switching fabrics architecture and assess its throughput with an analytical model and simulations. We compare this novel scheme with some previous parallel architectures and show its benefits. From extensive simulations under different traffic patterns and fault models, our interleaved architecture achieves better performance than its counterpart of single panel fabric. Our interleaved scheme achieves speedups (over the single panel fabric) of 3.4 and 2.25 under uniform and hot-spot traffic patterns, respectively, at maximum load (p = 1). Moreover, the interleaved fabrics show great tolerance against internal hardware failures.
Characteristics of Focal Gamma Zone Parapapillary Atrophy (2020)

Focal γPPA was differentiated from conventional γPPA by older age and shorter AXL. Further, focal γPPA was frequently accompanied by focal LC defects. Longitudinal studies elucidating whether focal LC defects and focal γPPA share common pathogenesis are warranted.
Different pathologic types of early stage lung adenocarcinoma have different post‐operative recurrence patterns (2021)

Different postoperative recurrence patterns were seen in HGADC and LGADC. Site-specific recurrence patterns were also different in HGADC and LGADC types.
QoS-aware Mobile Middleware for Video Streaming (2005)

State-of-the-art middleware and component technologies lack support for quality of service (QoS) management. Application developers, therefore, integrate QoS mechanisms into the application itself. In this paper, we propose a solution for how a mobile middleware can take on the responsibility for QoS management. We use a video streaming scenario to identify the QoS mechanisms that the middleware must manage on behalf of the application, and we demonstrate the feasibility of our solution within this scenario. The key concept of our work is the service plan that specifies the service and the QoS of components and compositions. Using service plans recursively, we model alternative application configurations such that a QoS-aware middleware platform can safely configure and dynamically reconfigure applications, based on user requirements and resource availability. In this paper, we show that service plans enables the separation of application design from QoS management, in a way that promote reuse of both functional code and QoS mechanisms.
Germinal immunogenetics as a predictive factor for immunotherapy (2019)

Clinical response to checkpoint inhibitors-based (CPIs) therapies can vary among tumor types and between patients. This led to a significant amount of pre-clinical and clinical research into biomarker identification. Biomarkers have been found to cover both the tumor itself and the tumor microenvironment. Entering host-related parameters into the equation should provide a valuable strategy for identifying not only factors predictive of treatment efficacy but also of treatment-related toxicity. It is clear that germline variants can offer efficient and easily-assessable indicators (blood DNA) to enlarge the spectrum of predictive markers for CPI-based treatment. A major issue concerns the real functional significance of the reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to CPI-treatment outcome. Powered calculations should lead to an optimal trade-off between sample size and allele frequency. New molecular technologies and new analytical methods should provide opportunities to bridge the knowledge gap between SNP-CPI treatment associations and the functional impact of these SNPs.
Use of two-mode circuitry and optimal energy efficient power control under target delay-outage constraints (2017)

An accurate energy efficiency analytical model based on a two-mode circuitry was recently proposed; and the model showed that the use of this circuitry can significantly improve a system's energy efficiency. In this paper, we use this analytical model to develop a new power control scheme, a scheme that is capable of allocating a minimum transmission power precisely within the delay-outage probability constraint. Precision brings substantial benefits as numerical results show that the energy efficiency using our scheme is much higher than other schemes. Results further suggest that data rate values affect energy efficiency non-uniformly, i.e., there exists a specific data rate value that achieves maximum energy efficiency.