gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuromechanical Coupling is Reflected in the Spatial Organization of the Spinal Motoneuron Pools (2022)

Abstract Recent advances in neuroprosthetics have shown that activating the surviving spinal circuitry below the level of spinal damage can produce complex movements and restore function. This is because the spinal cord circuitry plays an important role in the control of complex movements by integrating descending execution-related signals with feedback sensory signals. To generate efficient movements through muscle contractions, the nervous system embeds the anatomical and dynamical properties of the controlled body parts, a concept termed neuromechanical tuning. The motoneurons innervating the skeletal muscles of the body form complex spatial structures that span multiple segments. The goal of this study is to determine if these structures can support neuromechanical tuning. We performed a comparative analysis of the spatial organization of the motoneuron pools and the functional organization of the muscles they innervate. We developed a three-dimensional model of the spatial organization of motoneuron pools innervating upper limb muscles in the macaque and quantified their relative distances. We then utilized a musculoskeletal model of the macaque upper extremity to characterize the functional relationship between the muscles innervated by the motoneuron pools. We found that the distances between motoneuron pools mimicked the agonistic or antagonistic actions of muscles they innervate. This shows that the spatial organization of the motoneuron pools embeds the functional musculoskeletal anatomy evolved to support the large repertoire of upper limb movements in primates. This spinal anatomy may play an important role in the neuromechanical tuning and simplify the sensorimotor control of the arm.
EZSL-GAN: EEG-based Zero-Shot Learning approach using a Generative Adversarial Network (2019)

Recent studies show that deep neural network can be effective for learning EEG-based classification network. In particular, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) show competitive performance to learn the sequential information of the EEG signals. However, none of the previous approaches considers recognizing the unknown EEG signals which have never been seen in the training dataset. In this paper, we first propose a new scheme for Zero-Shot EEG signal classification. Our EZSL-GAN has three parts. The first part is an EEG encoder network that generates 128-dim of EEG features using a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The second part is a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that can tackle the problem for recognizing unknown EEG labels with a knowledge base. The third part is a simple classification network to learn unseen EEG signals from the fake EEG features which are generated from the learned Generator. We evaluate our method on the EEG dataset evoked from 40 classes visual object stimuli. The experimental results show that our EEG encoder achieves an accuracy of 95.89%. Furthermore, our Zero-Shot EEG classification method reached an accuracy of 39.65% for the ten untrained EEG classes. Our experiments demonstrate that unseen EEG labels can be recognized by the knowledge base.
Characterization of soot from multimode vapor-phase axial deposition (VAD) optical fiber performs (1988)

Composition, degree of crystallinity, particle size, and soot packing density of a multimode VAD porous sootform fabricated under optimum standard processing conditions were evaluated with 1-mm radial resolution using several analytical methods. The methods include inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, the X-ray diffraction powder method, a simple mass/volume calculation, and transmission electron microscopy. Within individual particulate, the GeO/sub 2/ and SiO/sub 2/ appear as separate phases as opposed to a compound glass. The degree of fusion observed in the particle aggregates indicates that the soot packing density profile is established by a surface sintering process governed predominantly by the deposition surface temperature distribution. This study has general significance in clarifying the behavior of dopants during various processing steps associated with VAD and other soot processes, including the MVCD (modified chemical vapor deposition) and OVD (outside vapor-phase deposition) lightguide processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adaptive Admittance Control of an Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Robot With Neural-Network-Based Disturbance Observer (2019)

Robot-assisted rehabilitation therapy has become an important technology applied to recover the motor functions of disabled individuals. In the present paper, an adaptive admittance control strategy combined with a neural-network-based disturbance observer (AACNDO) is developed for a therapeutic robot to provide upper extremity movement assistance. Firstly, a comprehensive overview of the robot hardware and real-time control system is introduced. Then, the dynamics-based adaptive admittance controller is designed to improve human-robot interaction compliance and induce the active participation of the patients during rehabilitation training. A disturbance observer with a radial basis function network is designed to guarantee the control performance with external uncertainties and dynamics error. Besides, an adaption law is integrated into the admittance model to adjust the interaction compliance in different working areas based on the motion intention and recovery phase of the patient. Further experimental investigations, including sinusoidal trajectory tracking experiments, circular trajectory tracking experiments with admittance adjustment, and intention-based resistive training experiments, are conducted by three volunteers. Finally, the experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the rehabilitation robot and AACNDO scheme in providing patient-passive and patient-cooperative rehabilitation training.
[Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of Molecular Subtyping on Aged Patient with Advanced Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma---A Case Report]. (2016)

Incidence of aged patients with DLBCL is high, and the disease is aggressive; the treatment is low responsive and difficult, and new therapeutic methods are needed. Gene expression profile (GEP) can provide molecular subtype and potential pathogenic mechanism, which can promote the development of new targeted therapy and individualized treatment.
The Epidemiology of Womenʼs Rugby Injuries (1999)

The incidence of injuries in women's rugby is comparable with that in other women's contact and collision sports, indicating that the sport may be safer than stated in the literature and media.
Utility of serological biomarkers for giant cell arteritis in a large cohort of treatment-naïve patients (2018)

Early diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA) is crucial for preventing ischemic complications. Multiple serological markers have been identified; however, there is a distinct lack of predicting markers for GCA relapse and complications. Our main objective was to identify serological parameters in a large cohort of treatment-naïve GCA patients, which could support clinicians in evaluating the course of the disease. Clinical data was gathered, along with analyte detection using Luminex technology, ELISA, and nephelometry, among others. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of analyte profiles were performed to determine delineation of GCA patients and healthy blood donors (HBDs). Highest, significantly elevated analytes in GCA patients were SAA (83-fold > HBDs median values), IL-23 (58-fold), and IL-6 (11-fold). Importantly, we show for the first time significantly changed levels of MARCO, alpha-fetoprotein, protein C, resistin, TNC, TNF RI, M-CSF, IL-18, and IL-31 in GCA versus HBDs. Changes in levels of SAA, CRP, haptoglobin, ESR, MMP-1 and MMP-2, and TNF-alpha were found associated with relapse and visual disturbances. aCL IgG was associated with limb artery involvement, even following adjustment for multiple testing. Principal component analysis revealed clear delineation between HBDs and GCA patients. Our study reveals biomarker clusters in a large cohort of patients with GCA and emphasizes the importance of using groups of serological biomarkers, such as acute phase proteins, MMPs, and cytokines (e.g. TNF-alpha) that could provide crucial insight into GCA complications and progression, leading to a more personalized disease management.
P−H-Functionalized 2-(Phosphanyl)ethanethiols, Their Titanocene Derivatives [Cp2Ti(SCH2CH2PHR)2] (R = Ph, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) and Reaction of [Cp2Ti(SCH2CH2PHPh)2] with [Cu(CH3CN)4]BF4 (2001)

The P−H-functionalized 2-(phosphanyl)ethanethiols RHPCH2CH2SH [R = Ph (1), 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 (Mes) (2), 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2 (Tipp) (3)] were prepared by ring cleavage of ethylene sulfide with LiPHR, followed by hydrolytic workup and distillation. 1−3 react with [Cp2TiCl2] in the presence of excess NEt3 to yield a diastereomeric mixture (ratio ca. 1:1) of rac- and meso-[Cp2Ti(SCH2CH2PHR)2] [R = Ph (4), Mes (5), Tipp (6)]. 6 is not obtained in pure form. Compound 4 reacts with [Cu(CH3CN)4]BF4 to yield [Cu{P,P′-PHPhCH2CH2SB(FH)SCH2CH2PPh(B−P)}2]BF4 (7). 1−7 were characterized spectroscopically. 7 exhibits dynamic behavior in solution, as shown by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure determinations were carried out on 5 and 7. In 5, both diastereomers cocrystallize in the asymmetric unit. Although the cation of 7 has six chiral centers, only the (RP,RP,RP,RP,RB,RB)/(SP,SP,SP,SP,SB,SB) diastereomer is present in the solid state.
Synthesis of L-glutamic acid stereospecifically labelled at C-4 with tritium: stereochemistry of tritium release catalyzed by the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in the absence of carboxylation (1986)

[4-3H1]-L-Glutamic acids have been synthesized by reduction of (2S,4S)- and (2S,4R)-N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-4-halogenoglutamic acid dimethyl esters with [3H4]sodium borohydride in dimethylformamide. The degree of stereospecific labelling differed according to the diastereoisomeric configuration and the nature of the halogen substituent. Only the (2S,4R)-[4-3H1]-acid could be satisfactorily obtained by this method. An enzymatic method, using an isocitrate lyase–isocitrate dehydrogenase–glutamate dehydrogenase system, was successfully used to obtain (2S)-[2-3H1]succinate and to convert it into (2S,4S)-[4-3H1]glutamic acid. The introduction of the labelled glutamic acids into a peptide previously shown to be a substrate of the rat liver vitamin K-dependent carboxylase allowed us to demonstrate that the hydrogen exchange catalyzed by this preparation in the absence of CO2 proceeds by a stereospecific abstraction of the same 4-pro-S-hydrogen atom of the glutamyl residue which is eliminated in the carboxylation reaction. A 4-methyl (threo) L-glutamic acid-containing peptide exerts the same competitive inhibition on the exchange and on the carboxylation reaction. These results ensure that the previously demonstrated hydrogen exchange is part of the carboxylation reaction.
Poor Rhythm Outcome of Catheter Ablation for Early-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Women　― Mechanistic Insight ― (2018)

Among patients with early-onset AF who underwent catheter ablation, women showed poorer clinical outcomes than men after de novo and second procedures. Left ventricular dysfunction, LA remodeling, and autonomic nervous function may be potential mechanisms underlying sex differences in catheter ablation outcomes of early-onset AF.
Abstract 13222: KCNQ1 Channel Dysfunction in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Carrying a CALM2-N98S Mutation Associated With Long QT Syndrome (2019)

Background: Recently, mutations in CALM genes (CALM1-3) encoding calmodulin (CaM) are reported to be associated with severe early-onset arrhythmias known as the calmodulinopathy. Calmodulin modulat...
Versagen durch Scherbänder bei der Umformung von Blechen aus Aluminiumwerkstoffen / Failure by Shear Bands During Forming of Aluminium Alloy Sheet (1991)

Article Versagen durch Scherbänder bei der Umformung von Blechen aus Aluminiumwerkstoffen / Failure by Shear Bands During Forming of Aluminium Alloy Sheet was published on April 1, 1991 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 82, issue 4).
Study on the seed plant flora of Techeng Isle (2006)

Based on field plant investigation in indoor identification in Techen Isle in 2005.There is a seed plant flora of 112 family 393 genus 556 species,among them there are 290 wood plant species,207 herbaceous species and 59 vine species,as well as 343 wild species and 213 exotic species.The flora is obviously characterized with the tropical flora nature since its seed plant flora mainly constitutes of the tropical areal-type genera,and the most of the temperate areal-type gerena are mainly comprised of cultived exotic species.Its dominant species form the intertidal mangrove,Casuarina forests,villege forests,farmland cultived vegetations and grasslands.
HbA1c and Lipid Profile Indices: Useful for cardiovascular risk prediction in non-diabetics? (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Automatic multirate methods for ordinary differential equations. [Adaptive time steps] (1980)

A study is made of the application of integration methods in which different step sizes are used for different members of a system of equations. Such methods can result in savings if the cost of derivative evaluation is high or if a system is sparse; however, the estimation and control of errors is very difficult and can lead to high overheads. Three approaches are discussed, and it is shown that the least intuitive is the most promising. 2 figures.
Direct Observation of a Cytosine Analogue that Forms Five Hydrogen Bonds to Guanosine: Guanidino G-Clamp (2002)

Gebunden und geklammert: Eine neuartige, als Guanido-G-Clamp bezeichnete heterocyclische Basenmodifikation wurde entwickelt, die zwei Hoogsteen-artige Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den Amin- und Imin-Stickstoffatomen einer Guanidiniumgruppe und dem O6- und N7-Atom von Guanosin bildet, wodurch insgesamt fünf Wasserstoffbrücken resultieren (gestrichelte Linien, siehe Bild). Die Kristallstruktur (1 Å Auflösung) eines modifizierten DNA-Decamers, das dieses Guanido-G-Clamp-Analogon enthält, belegt zweifelsfrei diesen Bindungsmechanismus.
Replacing the F093W Filter with the F140W (2006)

DNA methylation stabilizes developmentally programmed gene expression states. Aberrant methylation is associated with disease progression and is a common feature of cancer genomes. Presently, few methods enable quantitative, large-scale, single-base resolution mapping of DNA methylation states in desired regions of a complex mammalian genome. Here, we present an approach that combines array-based hybrid selection and massively parallel bisulfite sequencing to profile DNA methylation in genomic regions spanning hundreds of thousands of bases. This single molecule strategy enables methylation variable positions to be quantitatively examined with high sampling precision. Using bisulfite capture, we assessed methylation patterns across 324 randomly selected CpG islands (CGI) representing more than 25,000 CpG sites. A single lane of Illumina sequencing permitted methylation states to be definitively called for >90% of target sties. The accuracy of the hybrid-selection approach was verified using conventional bisulfite capillary sequencing of cloned PCR products amplified from a subset of the selected regions. This confirmed that even partially methylated states could be successfully called. A comparison of human primary and cancer cells revealed multiple differentially methylated regions. More than 25% of islands showed complex methylation patterns either with partial methylation states defining the entire CGI or with contrasting methylation states appearing in specific regional blocks within the island. We observed that transitions in methylation state often correlate with genomic landmarks, including transcriptional start sites and intron-exon junctions. Methylation, along with specific histone marks, was enriched in exonic regions, suggesting that chromatin states can foreshadow the content of mature mRNAs.
Experimental Data and Scripts (2020)

Data.zip contains the final data. Scripts.zip contains the analysis data.
A 14-bit 125 MS/s IF/RF Sampling Pipelined ADC With 100 dB SFDR and 50 fs Jitter (2006)

This paper describes a 14-bit, 125 MS/s IF/RF sampling pipelined A/D converter (ADC) that is implemented in a 0.35 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhbox m$</tex> BiCMOS process. The ADC has a sample-and-hold circuit that is integrated in the first pipeline stage, which removes the need for a dedicated sample-and-hold amplifier (i.e., “SHA-less”). It also has a sampling buffer that is turned off during the hold clock phases to save power. To accurately estimate and minimize the clock jitter, a new jitter simulation technique was used whose results were verified on silicon. The measured silicon results indicate the highest published IF sampling performance to date and prove the viability of the “SHA-less” architecture for IF/RF sampling ADCs. The ADC is calibration-free and achieves a DNL of less than 0.2 LSB and INL of 0.8 LSB. The SNR is 75 dB below Nyquist, and stays above 71 dB up to 500 MHz. The low-frequency SFDR is about 100 dB, and stays above 90 dB up to about 300 MHz. This is also the first ADC to achieve 14-bit level performance for input signal frequencies up to 500 MHz and to have a total RMS jitter of only 50 fs.
Functional Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Is Not Required for Efficient Atheroprotection in Humans (2009)

Genetically determined low LCAT activity in Italian families is not associated with enhanced preclinical atherosclerosis despite low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. This finding challenges the notion that LCAT is required for effective atheroprotection and suggests that elevating LCAT expression or activity is not a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Reproducibility of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Matches Previous Reports and the Intended Use of the Product (2003)

A recent article by Metzger et al. (1) questioned the reproducibility of the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS; Medtronic MiniMed). We were surprised by the authors’ conclusions, as their results were consistent with previously published reports. We believe the authors’ expectations for the CGMS did not coincide with its intended use. We were also puzzled by their use of a subjective assessment of clinical decision making when a validated tool, i.e., the Clarke error grid, is available (2). Finally, Metzger et al. dismissed the impact of an update to the CGMS software (Solutions 3.0) that does in fact improve the reproducibility evident in their data.

Although Metzger …
An &#x210B;<sup>2</sup>-based linear-complexity solution of surface integral equations for 3-D impedance extraction (2011)

A new ℋ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -matrix based kernel-independent algorithm of linear complexity is developed for the surface integral equation based impedance extraction of arbitrarily shaped 3-D lossy conductors embedded in dielectric materials. The new algorithm greatly accelerates the iterative solution of a scalar-based surface integral equation for impedance extraction. It outperforms state-of-the-art iterative impedance solvers with fast CPU time, modest memory consumption, and without sacrificing accuracy, for both small and large number of unknowns.
Hypergravity exercise training on a human‐powered centrifuge (2008)

Exposure to microgravity during spaceflight results in changes in cardiovascular function that impair normal function on return to a 1G environment. The Space Cycle is a short‐arm human‐powered centrifuge that couples exercise with hypergravity as a potential countermeasure for loss of exercise capacity and orthostatic tolerance in microgravity. Healthy, sedentary men (n = 5) trained for 4 weeks by pedaling the Space Cycle 4 days/week for 45 minutes/session. Target training intensity was set at 80% max heart rate and 2.5 +Gz measured at the subject's feet. Training intensity during the workout was monitored by the subject using a commercial heart rate monitor. VO2max was measured before and after the training program using an incremental bicycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue. Orthostatic tolerance was tested using simultaneous 60 degree head‐up tilt and graded levels of lower‐body negative pressure to presyncope. Space Cycle training increased VO2max from 38 ± 7 to 43 ± 6 ml/kg/min (p&lt;0.01). Four of five subjects improved orthostatic tolerance time following training. All subjects completed the training program and noted increasing comfort with the rotational motion of the Space Cycle as the training program progressed. Funded by NSBRI MA00403 (VJC) and MA00801 (JWH).
Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications: a Survey (2007)

Summary In this research work, a survey on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and their technologies, standards and applications was carried out. Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks, where close collaboration between users, application domain experts, hardware designers, and software developers is needed to implement efficient systems. The flexibility, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low cost, and rapid deployment characteristics of sensor networks create many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. In the future, this wide range of application areas will make sensor networks an integral part of our lives. However, realization of sensor networks needs to satisfy the constraints introduced by factors such as fault tolerance, scalability, cost, hardware, topology change, environment, and power consumption.