gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: An Emerging Thin-Film Photovoltaic Technology (2021)

ConspectusPerovskite semiconductors are regarded as next-generation photovoltaic materials owing to their superb optoelectronic properties, including an excellent carrier diffusion length, strong light absorbption, low defect density, and solution processability. The PCE of lead perovskite solar cells (LPSC) rapidly increased from 3.8 to 25.5% in the past decade. However, the inclusion of soluble, toxic lead shadows its application due to environmental concerns. Furthermore, on the basis of the Shockley-Quisser (S-Q) limit, the efficiency of lead perovskite is limited to 32% since its band gap is &gt;1.5 eV. To increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells further, perovskite materials with a smaller band gap are required.Tin halide perovskite is currently the most promising alternative candidate that can address the above challenges due to its potentially less toxic character and electronic configuration analogous to that of lead. Its band gap (sub-1.4 eV) is lower than that of lead perovskite, approaching the ideal band gap with a theoretical efficiency of up to 33.4% based on the S-Q equation. However, tin perovskite is extremely easy to oxidize due to its unique electronic structure. Early works focus on the development of methods to reduce tin oxidation such as the addition of antioxidant additives or using low-dimensional structures. On the basis of these strategies, the reproducibility and efficiency of TPSCs have been significantly improved. In recent years, many works including composition engineering, functional additives, and device structure engineering have been used to improve the performance of TPSCs. On the basis of these strategies, the open-circuit voltage is improved to 0.94 V and the PCE certified by an independent laboratory is up to 12.4%. Meanwhile, the stability of TPSCs is significantly improved, and the stabilized power output time is up to 1000 h. Therefore, tin perovskite is emerging as a new generation of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic technology.This Account summarizes the properties of tin halide perovskites and the material and device engineering strategies toward more efficient and stable TPSCs. We highlight the unique properties of tin perovskites that distinguish them from lead perovskites, including their electronic structure, band structure, chemical properties, and so on. We discuss the critical challenges for the further development of TPSCs such as oxidation, high background carriers, uncontrollable crystallization, interface recombination, band alignment, and instability. In the end, we introduce potential directions for the future development of TPSCs including probing the formation mechanisms of tin perovskite, revealing the basic properties of Sn perovskite, overcoming the stability issue of TPSCs, and understanding TPSC device physics and structure engineering.
Phylogenetic identification of Pneumocystis murina sp. nov., a new species in laboratory mice (2004)

Pneumocystis is a fungal genus that contains multiple species. One member of the genus that has not been formally analysed for its phylogenetic relationships and possible species status is the Pneumocystis found in laboratory mice, Pneumocystis murina sp. nov. (type strain ATCC PRA-111(T)=CBS 114898(T)), formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris. To advance research in this area, approximately 3000 bp of additional DNA sequence were obtained from the locus encoding rRNAs. This sequence and others were used to determine genetic distances between P. murina and other members of the genus. These distances indicated that P. murina DNA is most similar to that of the species of Pneumocystis found in laboratory rats. Nevertheless, P. murina is at least as diverged from these other Pneumocystis species as species in other fungal genera are from each other. The 18S rRNA gene sequence divergence exhibited by P. murina could not be ascribed to accelerated evolution of this gene as similar levels of divergence were observed at seven other loci. When five genes were used to construct phylogenetic trees for five Pneumocystis taxa, including P. murina, all the trees had the same topology, indicating that genes do not flow among these taxa. The gene trees were all strongly supported by statistical tests. When sequences from the rRNA-encoding locus were used to estimate the time of divergence of P. murina, the results indicated that P. murina is as old as the mouse. Taken together, these data support previous recognition of multiple species in the genus and indicate that P. murina is a phylogenetic species as well.
On the Challenges and Opportunities of Physically Situated Dialog (2010)

We outline several challenges and opportunities for building physically situated systems that can interact in open, dynamic, and relatively unconstrained environments. We review a platform and recent progress on developing computational methods for situated, multiparty, open-world dialog, and highlight the value of representations of the physical surroundings and of harnessing the broader situational context when managing communicative processes such as engagement, turn-taking, language understanding, and dialog management. Finally, we outline an open-world learning challenge that spans these different levels.
The effect of LUT and cluster size on deep-submicron FPGA performance and density (2000)

We use a fully timing-driven experimental flow [4] [15] in which a set of benchmark circuits are synthesized into different cluster-based [2] [3] [15] logic block architectures, which contain groups of LUTs and flip-flops. We look across all architectures with LUT sizes in the range of 2 inputs to 7 inputs, and cluster size from 1 to 10 LUTs. In order to judge the quality of the architecture we do both detailed circuit level design and measure the demand of routing resources for every circuit in each architecture.
Transmission through optically generated inductive grid arrays (1999)

A technique is developed for generating pseudometallic plasma inductive grid arrays within a semiconductor wafer. The induced plasma elements are defined by a surface impedance which is discussed. Results of an investigation into the transmission properties of a variety of array designs between 16 and 40 GHz are presented. Measurements are performed on a silicon wafer illuminated by an external optical source via a negative image mask.
Effect of Lateral Disk Flexibility on the Dynamics of Squeeze Film Damper Supported Rotors (1993)

This paper investigates the influence of disk flexibility on the dynamical behavior of a flexible disk/shaft rotor system supported with squeeze film dampers. A simplified nonlinear rotor model incorporating disk/shaft coupling dynamics is developed for lateral vibration of a rotor system. The steady state performance of the system is explored over a wide range of operating conditions using numerical integration and harmonic balance analysis. It is shown that disk flexibility may significantly affect the dynamical behavior of the system at high operating speed by creating an additional critical speed. It is observed that both the SFD journal motion and the disk motion associated with the additional critical speed are aperiodic and of large amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the influence of disk flexibility can be shifted out of the operating speed range by increasing the retainer spring stiffness.
Reserve Recruiting and the College Market: Is a New Educational Benefit Needed? (2005)

Preliminary assessment of new educational benefits programs, such as those offered by some active components, to help reserve components attract high-quality recruits, and of whether potential of programs warrant further evaluation. Recommended are experimenting with recruiting programs that minimize the risk of activation while recruits attend college and involving an evaluation component in such programs.
Design and Implementation of Mobile Cobrowsing Service which Supports the Sharing of Web Page Among Mobile Users (2008)

This paper describes the design and implementation of Mobile Cobrowsing Service based on embedded Linux Mobile Cobrowsing supports the sharing of same web page among mobile users. For effective web page sharing among mobile users, Mobile Cobrowsing provides the synchronization of web page movement, synchronization of web page scroll, synchronization of annotation, and management of control authority. It also provides the voice chatting function among users. Mobile Cobrowsing is developed on MCC mobile terminal made by ETRI and we verify the Mobile Cobrowsing service using web page contents.
Development of a power-hardware-in-the-loop application &#x2014; Power grid emulator by using &#x2018;voltage source inverter cumulation&#x2019; (2015)

The increasing use of complex grid-connected technological components in safety-critical applications like public transportation or distributed power systems requires a precise evaluation of the reliability and robustness of these pieces of equipment during their development. Direct on-field tests of high power systems are generally not possible. A conventional method of getting around this problem consists in using software-based simulation to analyse the behaviour of the electric equipment under test (EUT) under normal and transient operation conditions of the grid. However, signal-level simulation is not able to perfectly reproduce every detail of a physical phenomenon. This publication describes a cost-effective realization of a power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) grid emulation system combining two inverters with different electrical characteristics (type of semiconductor, switching frequency, DC link etc.). The proposed grid emulator is a controllable power source not only capable of emulating low frequency (50 [Hz]) transient faults as voltage sags but also high-order harmonic components usually present in the voltage waveforms of the utility grid (e.g. noise). A downscaled 5-kVA laboratory prototype has been implemented and the experimental results shown in the paper demonstrate the emulator's ability to combine high power with high dynamics.
Effect of ultrasound-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation on benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodules – a randomised study (2005)

US-guided ILP, given as a single treatment, resulted in a satisfactory clinical response in the majority of patients with a benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodule, and may become a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in selected patients.
Response evaluation and analysis using impulse of base‐isolated buildings during a collision with retaining wall (2020)

Abstract The performance of base‐isolated buildings during collision with a retaining wall is examined via shaking table experiments, and a simplified numerical simulation method is proposed to predict structural response. Input ground motions are scaled to various amplitudes to examine the pounding effect of the superstructure under different collision velocities. The influence of wall rigidity on the superstructure response is examined by replacing rubber member attachments on the retaining wall with pads that have different rubber hardness values. Factors influencing the response of the superstructure during collision are identified from experimental results. A numerical simulation method that uses impulse forcing function to replace the collision simulation is evaluated. Time history analysis of a lumped‐mass model considering an impulse at the expected time and location of the collision are shown to efficiently predict the maximum floor acceleration and story shear force of the superstructure during collision without employing a collision analysis model. This research contributes towards developing simplified procedures for estimating the effects of collision in base isolated structures.
A Lipid Linchpin for Wnt-Fz Docking (2012)

The crystal structure of a Wnt-Frizzled complex uncovers an unusual interaction mode, with a lipid in the binding interface holding the complex together.
NeuroBANK™: Integrated Clinical Data Repository Platform as a Model for Clinical Research (P07.072) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a platform for researchers to facilitate collaboration by collecting and capturing harmonized clinical data with links to biospecimens, imaging and genetic information.
Cellular Photosynthetic Pigment and Structural Change in Festuca arundinacea (Tall Fescue) after Exposure to Acute and Chronic Chromium and Copper Stress (2022)

Expanded industrial globalization has resulted in the release of high concentrations of heavy metals into environmental water sources and soils. Phytoremediation may help to remove these heavy metals from contaminated soils. Tall fescue (&lt;em&gt;Festuca arundinacea Shreb.&lt;/em&gt;) exhibits phytoremediation potential due to its endurance and high stress tolerances. Here, we report photochemical and structural responses in tall fescue to acute and chronic doses of heavy metals, copper (Cu) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Visual signs of stress and decreased photosynthetic yield measurements were detected for both the acute and chronic exposures. To gain insight into stress responses at the cellular level, structural and pigment changes in tall fescue in response to Cu and Cr(VI) stress were assessed with brightfield and confocal fluorescence imaging. While brightfield images showed qualitative changes in plant tissue structure, the quantification of changes were not statistically significant due to high variability between leaf blades. Fluorescence imaging confirmed decreasing total chlorophyll content in tall fescue cross-sections in response to Cr(VI) and Cu exposure. To spectrally separate the closely related chlorophyll pigments (Chl-a, Chl-b, and Chl in photosystem I) and visualize their relative localizations within the plant tissue, hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy was conducted with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis of the data. These results determined that Chl-a and Chl-b were more significantly reduced than Chl associated with photosystem I. Additionally, a new spectral component was identified. A broad autofluorescence (AF) feature appeared in the late stress response of both acute and chronically exposed tall fescue and was localized in globular bodies. While the identity of the broad AF feature remains to be identified, we hypothesize that it may be associated with degraded chlorophyll components in autophagic bodies. If confirmed, this would indicate that autophagy is a stress response to heavy metal exposure in tall fescue.
Radiation Annealing of Boron-Implanted Silicon with a Halogen Lamp (1980)

A new method to anneal implanted silicon wafers in a few seconds using a halogen lamp as a radiation source is proposed. Boron-implanted (200 keV, 1×1013 cm-2) silicon wafers were completely activated with little diffusion by radiation for 6 seconds. Conventional annealing for 15 minutes caused diffusion of boron. It was found that the activation of implanted boron was determined by the maximum temperature during annealing.
Heat transfer and pressure drop for in-tube evaporation of CO2 (1997)

Le CO 2 peut etre utilise avec succes dans plusieurs applications : comme fluide secondaire dans les systemes indirects, comme frigorigene a basse temperature dans les systemes en cascade, ou comme frigorigene dans les installations frigorifiques et de pompes a chaleur. On a besoin de correlations precises de transfert de chaleur et de chute de pression afin de concevoir les evaporateurs pour de telles installations. Etant donne la pression plus elevee, on a plus particulierement besoin de correlations pour des diametres inhabituellement petits. Un nouveau banc d'essai avec une section comprenant un tube en aluminium avec un diametre de 7 mm a ete construit afin de mesurer les coefficients de transfert de chaleur et de chute de p-ession localement. Ces coefficients permettent le developpement de correlations pratiques sous ces conditions nouvelles. Les premieres experiences ont ete menees avec du CO 2 depourvu de lubrifiant a des debits massiques allant de 200 a 400 kg/m 2 s, des flux thermiques allant de 3000 a 9000 W/m 2 et des temperatures d'evaporation allant de -25°C a +5°C. Les sept series de mesures ont ete effectuees en presence de fractions variables de vapeurs. L'analyse theorique demontre que les coefficients de transfert de chaleur obtenus a des temperatures elevees et aux diametres inferieurs utilises avec le CO 2 sont beaucoup plus eleves que ceux prevus par les correlations de transfert de chaleur rapportes jusqu'a present. Cependant, les coefficients de chute de pression peuvent etre decrits de facon satisfaisante par des correlations existantes D'autres etudes sont necessaires afin de developper de meilleures correlations de transfert de chaleur L'etude de l'influence des lubrifiants est la priorite.
Design of novel nonlinear optical chromophores with multiple substitutions (1999)

The molecular first hyperpolarizabilities (β) and electronic properties of some tetra-substituted benzenes/pyrazines which can be described as 1,2-didonor-4,5-diacceptor-benzenes/2,3-didonor-5,6-diacceptor-pyrazines have been investigated by employing an AM1/FF and ZINDO/S-CI approach. It is found that these multiple substituted chromophores possess large β values which may be attributed to the positive contribution of the off-diagonal tensorial component βxyy. Two novel chromophores (1 and 2) containing lengthened conjugation and thermally stable imidazole rings are designed under such a multiple substitutions principle. Chromophore 1 shows a very large µβ0 value of approximately 3900×10-48 esu.† The theoretical calculation and preliminary experimental results indicate that a good nonlinearity–transparency–thermal stability trade-off is achieved for chromophore 2, which possesses a µβ0 of 555×10-48 esu, a rather blue-shifted absorption peak at 384 nm in THF and a high decomposition temperature (Td) of 377°C.
Wellsite Interpretation of Multicomponent Induction Log Data in Anisotropic Media (2000)

Abstract Electrically anisotropic reservoirs are encountered frequently in hydrocarbon exploration. For accurate saturation estimation and optimum hydrocarbon recovery from these reservoirs, it is essential to detect and properly describe their electrical properties. For example, in laminated sand/shale sequences or sands with different grain size distributions the resistivity parallel to the formation bedding is usually smaller than the resistivity perpendicular to the bedding. Conventional induction logging tools with transmitter and receiver orientation parallel to the borehole axis provide insufficient information to accurately evaluate hydrocarbon saturations in anisotropic reservoirs. These reservoirs usually show low resistivities from conventional induction logs, where the hydrocarbon content can be economically significant and are called "low resistivity pay." Under the sponsorship of Shell Technology EP, Baker Atlas developed and field-tested a new induction logging tool that comprises three mutually orthogonal transmitter-receiver configurations yielding all necessary data to derive the horizontal and vertical resistivities of an anisotropic formation. Interpretation of these measurements is complicated because the magnetic field responses of horizontal induction coils are more sensitive to shoulder bed and borehole effects than conventional, vertical induction sensors. To provide a fast, yet reliable, interpretation of the formation parameters, we developed an enhanced apparent parameter estimation procedure that also applies shoulder bed corrections to the measured field data. We match the data acquired at each logging depth with responses of an anisotropic, whole-space model optimizing both horizontal and vertical resistivities in a least-squares sense. This process incorporates information about formation dip and azimuth as well as borehole trajectory and tool rotation. Then, we integrate both horizontal and vertical resistivities over layer intervals derived from the horizontal magnetic field data. After that, we apply shoulder bed corrections to the measured data, based on the synthetic layered host model response and the corresponding whole-space responses. Finally, we match the shoulder bed corrected data at the center of each layer with synthetic responses of an anisotropic, whole-space model. These newly derived resistivities in both horizontal and vertical direction are then used to refine both, the layered earth model and the shoulder bed corrections. The process comprising whole-space response matching and refining shoulder bed corrections is repeated until convergence is achieved. This interpretation scheme developed with synthetic data and tested with field data has proven to be fast and efficient, thus allowing us to provide reliable estimates of both horizontal and vertical resistivities at the wellsite.
Chromogranin A als diagnostischer Marker und im follow up von Patienten mit neuriendocrinen Neoplasien des Colons und des Rektums (2014)

Chromogranin A (CgA) stellt einen weit verbreiteten Marker in der Diagnosestellung und im follow-up von Patienten mit neuroendokrinen Neoplasien (NEN) dar. Dabei korreliert die Höhe der Plasmaspiegel von CgA mit der Tumorlast und ermöglicht Aussagen über die Prognose von Patienten mit NEN des Dünndarms. Aufgrund fehlender Informationen über Patienten mit NEN des Dickdarms wird angenommen, dass diese sich in ihrem Markerprofil ähnlich wie NEN des Dünndarms verhalten. Zur Überprüfung dieser Annahme haben wir 47 Patienten des Marburger NEN-Tumorregisters bezüglich ihrer Expression von CgA und ihrer CgA Plasmaspiegel untersucht und diese mit klinischen Parametern korreliert.
Quantification de processus radiculaires induits dans diverses poudres (2003)

National audience
Development of a sonar-based object recognition system (2001)

Counts of argyrophil nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have been proposed as a method of assessing tumour growth rate. AgNOR counts have been shown to correlate with histological grade in glial and some non-glial tumours but few studies have included data relating to clinical outcome. We have examined the relationship between tumour AgNOR counts and postoperative survival in a retrospective study of 54 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus varied from 1.7 to 10.8 in biopsies from different patients and correlated with mitotic rate (P less than 0.01) but not with post-operative survival, which ranged from 2 days to 54 months with four patients still alive. AgNOR counts were inversely related to patient age (P less than 0.01) and older patients tended to survive for shorter periods (P less than 0.05). Although AgNOR counts are related to the rate of tumour cell division, they are not useful for predicting the post-operative survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
Analysis of a Hybrid Access Scheme for Buffered Users-Probabilistic Time Division (1982)

A new multiple access scheme is proposed and evaluated. The proposed scheme combines desirable features of the ordinary time-division (TDMA) and the random access (RA) schemes. It is shown that by adjusting the value of a single parameter a, the proposed access method can vary continuously from one extreme (TDMA) to the other (RA). The average delay per packet and the throughput can be improved for intermediate values of the load factor. Furthermore, the method can control the channel instability.