gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WIRE TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSIS: REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES (2013)

International audience
Superconducting NbTi and Pb(Cu) bandpass filters (1985)

Superconducting Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.45</inf> >Ti <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.55</inf> and Pb electroplated on Cu bandpass microwave filters have been constructed to investigate their low loss properties at 4.7 K. An interdigital stripline filter configuration was selected as the optimum structure for future applications. The filter was designed to operate at 8.45 GHz with an equal ripple bandwidth of 0.15 GHz. The insertion loss and the noise temperature contribution were measured at 4.7 K. In addition, the insertion loss was studied as a function of out-of-band power (up to 1 watt) and temperature (4.7 K to T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> ). Results on an OFHC Cu filter are included for comparison.
Amelioration of the Cytotoxic Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents by Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (1999)

Anticancer chemotherapeutic agents are effective in inhibiting growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, however, toxicity to normal cells is a major problem. In this study, we assessed the effect of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxic effects in cultured Chang epithelial cells, established from nonmalignant human tissue. These cells were treated in vitro with idarubicin (Ida) (30 nM) or 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC) (1 microg/ml) with or without GSPE (25 microg/ml). The cells were grown in vitro and the growth rate of the cells was determined using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue] assay. Our results showed that GSPE decreased the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of Ida as well as 4HC on Chang epithelial cells in vitro. Because these chemotherapeutic agents are known to induce apoptosis in the target cells, we analyzed the Chang epithelial cells for apoptotic cell population by flow cytometry. There was a significant decrease in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis following treatment with GSPE. We also found increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in GSPE-treated cells using western blot techniques. Thus, these results indicate that GSPE can be a potential candidate to ameliorate the toxic effects associated with chemotherapeutic agents and one of the mechanisms of action of GSPE includes upregulation of Bcl-2 expression.
Initial results from FRC (field-reversed configuration) compression experiments on FRX-C/LSM (1989)

After more than two years of preparation, high-power FRC compression heating studies are now underway on the Los Alamos FRX-C/LSM facility. Field-reversed configuration plasmas are formed and translated out of the {theta}-pinch source, and into a compressor where the external B-field can be increased from 0.4 to 2 T in 55 {mu}s. A principal experimental goal is to study FRC confinement at the high energy density, n(T{sub e} + T{sub i}) {le} 1.0 {times} 10{sup 22} keV/m{sup 3}, associated with the large external field. In this paper, we report on the first experiments which were performed between April and July, 1989. 9 refs., 5 figs.
Surface Charge Characterization and Soil Solution Composition of Four Soils from the Southern Piedmont in Georgia (1987)

Abstract Four soils (Cecil, Typic Hapludult; Davidson, Rhodic Paleudult; Dyke, Typic Rhodudult; and Townley, Typic Hapludult) from the Southern Piedmont in Georgia, which have received large applications of gypsum, as well as soils from control plots, have been characterized with respect to their surface charge properties. The soils have variable charge character to varying degrees, but added gypsum has not affected fundamental surface charge properties such as cation and anion exchange capacities. The addition of Ca via gypsum has, however, altered the proportion of exchangeable basic and acidic cations. Analysis of extracted soil solution showed that Ca from gypsum can move rapidly through the profile, causing Mg to be displaced from exchange sites and therefore to be susceptible to leaching. A distinction is made between total cation exchange capacity and basic cation exchange capacity, and their significance with respect to exchangeable cations present is discussed.
Striatal Dopamine D2/D3Receptor Availability Is Reduced in Methamphetamine Dependence and Is Linked to Impulsivity (2009)

While methamphetamine addiction has been associated with both impulsivity and striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor deficits, human studies have not directly linked the latter two entities. We therefore compared methamphetamine-dependent and healthy control subjects using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (version 11, BIS-11) and positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fallypride to measure striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor availability. The methamphetamine-dependent subjects reported recent use of the drug 3.3 g per week, and a history of using methamphetamine, on average, for 12.5 years. They had higher scores than healthy control subjects on all BIS-11 impulsiveness subscales (p < 0.001). Volume-of-interest analysis found lower striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in methamphetamine-dependent than in healthy control subjects (p < 0.01) and a negative relationship between impulsiveness and striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens that reached statistical significance in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Combining data from both groups, voxelwise analysis indicated that impulsiveness was related to D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in left caudate nucleus and right lateral putamen/claustrum (p < 0.05, determined by threshold-free cluster enhancement). In separate group analyses, correlations involving the head and body of the caudate and the putamen of methamphetamine-dependent subjects and the lateral putamen/claustrum of control subjects were observed at a weaker threshold (p < 0.12 corrected). The findings suggest that low striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability may mediate impulsive temperament and thereby influence addiction.
Abstract 3948: Simultaneous in vivo PTEN rescue and KRAS silencing in cancer therapy (2018)

Abstract Background : The tumor suppressor PTEN and the KRAS oncogene play essential roles in tumorigenesis. PTEN mutations and resulting loss of function are common across variety of tumors and influence tumor cell proliferation. KRAS mutations occur in &amp;gt; 40% of cancer and have been associated with increased tumorigenicity. In numerous cancers, cooperative interactions between KRAS mutations and PTEN loss have been reported to promote metastatic development. However, to date there is no effective treatment for inhibiting KRAS activity or rescuing PTEN function in cancers. We investigated a new technique for simultaneous PTEN rescue and silencing of KRAS that may have therapeutic potential in PTEN/KRAS mutated pancreatic and other cancers. Methods : ADGN-technology is based on short amphipathic peptides that form stable neutral nanoparticles through non-covalent electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with a large panel of nucleic acids. Self-assembled ADGN/nucleic acid nanoparticles remain stable over time in serum and plasma conditions. ADGN peptide complexes with wt PTEN mRNA or siRNA targeting KRAS were evaluated on pancreas (PANC1), ovarian (SKOV3), prostate (PC3) and glioblastoma (U25) cell lines. PTEN, KRAS and AKT phosphorylation were evaluated by western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis activation were determined by flow cytometry and Tunel assay. In-vivo Efficacy of IV-administered ADGN-peptides complexed with PTEN mRNA (0.25 mg/kg) and/or KRAS siRNA (0.5 mg/kg) was tested in PANC1-LUC mouse xenografts. Cytokine response to ADGN-nucleic acid complexes were measured in blood samples using Luminex cytokine 20 plex. Results : ADGN-mediated delivery of wt PTEN mRNA, rescued PTEN function in the cell-lines tested. Restoring PTEN resulted in ~90% reduction of cell proliferation, 3-8 fold activation of cell apoptosis, reduction of AKT phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in G1. ADGN-nanoparticles containing wt PTEN mRNA resulted in tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 80%. ADGN-mediated delivery of siRNA targeting KRAS, induced knock-down of KRAS expression by 60-70% in the cell-lines and significantly reduced viability by 50-70%. ADGN-nanoparticles containing siRNA KRAS resulted in a TGI of 50%. Combination mRNA PTEN and siRNAs KRAS ADGN nanoparticles, resulted in a TGI of 90% in PANC1 xenografts and also slowed development of distant metastates. No nonspecific cytokine response was observed following administration of ADGN-nucleic acid complexes.Conclusions: ADGN-peptides complexed with mRNA and/or siRNA were effective in targeting mutated PTEN and KRAS both invitro and invivo. This suggests a new strategy for targeting both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Citation Format: Gilles Divita, Veronique Josserand, Melanie Guidetti, Neil Desai. Simultaneous in vivo PTEN rescue and KRAS silencing in cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3948.
Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16 years (2006)

In 1978, a rigorous programme was implemented to stop the spread of, and subsequently eradicate, sheep scrapie in Iceland. Affected flocks were culled, premises were disinfected and, after 2-3 years, restocked with lambs from scrapie-free areas. Between 1978 and 2004, scrapie recurred on 33 farms. Nine of these recurrences occurred 14-21 years after culling, apparently as the result of environmental contamination, but outside entry could not always be absolutely excluded. Of special interest was one farm with a small, completely self-contained flock where scrapie recurred 18 years after culling, 2 years after some lambs had been housed in an old sheep-house that had never been disinfected. Epidemiological investigation established with near certitude that the disease had not been introduced from the outside and it is concluded that the agent may have persisted in the old sheep-house for at least 16 years.
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome – the markers for an early HSES diagnosis (2008)

CT scan, platelet count, hemoglobin level and renal function upon admission are not useful for an early diagnosis of HSES. However, the elevated liver enzymes and CK upon admission, hypotension in the early stage after admission with refractory acid-base disturbance to fluid resuscitation and vasopressor infusion are useful markers for an early HSES diagnosis and helpful to indicate starting intensive neurological treatment.
Steroid-binding proteins of the mammary gland and their clinical significance in breast cancer. (1976)

Differentiation and development of the mammary gland are influenced by estrogens, glucocorticoids, and progesterone. Specific binding sites for each of these classes of steroid hormones have been characterized in vivo and in cell-free preparations of lactating mammary gland of the rat. These properties were compared with those of steroid-binding proteins in the R3230AC and dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors of the rat and of human breast carcinomas. The binding components that were protein in nature were more concentrated in tissue from lactating than from virgin or pregnant rats. The steroid-binding capacities of mammary tumors were highly variable. Using a dextran-coated charcoal procedure, the rate constants of 3H-ligand association with specific binding sites were temperature dependent. Ligand specificity indicated that [3H]estradoil-17beta(3H-E) binding was inhibited only by estrogens, whereas [3H]triamcinolone acetonide (3 H-TA) was blocked by glucocorticoid/s and progesterone. Likewise, [3H]progesterone (3H-P) binding was inhibited by progestins and certain glucocorticoids. Incubation of minced mammary gland with 3H-steroid in the presence and absence of unlabeled competitor demonstrated specific binding sites in cytoplasm that were translocated to nuclei in a tempreature-dependent fashion. Using a steroid-exchange procedure both DEX and TA inhibited 3H-P binding to exchangeable sites that were loaded previously with unlabeled progesterone. These data suggest that certain glucocorticoid and progesterone binding sites were translocated simultaneously to nuclei. Administration in vivo of either 3H-E or 3H-TA indicated binding in cytoplasm and subsequent translocation to nuclei.
The Novel KIF1A Missense Variant (R169T) Strongly Reduces Microtubule Stimulated ATPase Activity and Is Associated With NESCAV Syndrome (2021)

KIF1A is a microtubule-dependent motor protein responsible for fast anterograde transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in neurons. Pathogenic variants in <i>KIF1A</i> have been associated with a wide spectrum of neurological disorders. Here, we report a patient presenting a severe neurodevelopmental disorder carrying a novel <i>de novo</i> missense variant p.Arg169Thr (R169T) in the KIF1A motor domain. The clinical features present in our patient match with those reported for NESCAV syndrome including severe developmental delay, spastic paraparesis, motor sensory neuropathy, bilateral optic nerve atrophy, progressive cerebellar atrophy, epilepsy, ataxia, and hypotonia. Here, we demonstrate that the microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity of the KIF1A is strongly reduced in the motor domain of the R169T variant. Supporting this, <i>in silico</i> structural modeling suggests that this variant impairs the interaction of the KIF1A motor domain with microtubules. The characterization of the molecular effect of the R169T variant on the KIF1A protein together with the presence of the typical clinical features indicates its causal pathogenic effect.
Stereoselective Construction of Molecules with a Trifluoromethyl Group. (1991)

Since fluorine-containing molecules have been recently disclosed their high ability as pharmaceutically active compounds and optical devices , development of new methods are strongly required for the construction of especially , trifluoromethylated molecules in a highly diastereoselective manner . In this article , with pointing out special problems in the field of fluorine chemistry and explaining the reason why the authors reached to the idea to employ building blocks as one of the promising solution to the above problem, our recent results for the stereoselective preparation of chiral materials via organic , enzymatic , and catalytic antibody methodologies , respectively , are discussed in detail .
An unprecedented all helical 3D network and a rarely observed non-interpenetrated octahedral network in homochiral Cu(II) MOFs: effect of steric bulk and π–π stacking interactions of the ligand backbone (2009)

Two bis-pyridyl-bis-amide based chiral ligands derived from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine resulted in an unprecedented all helical 3D network and a rarely observed microporous octahedral network in the corresponding homochiral Cu(II) MOFs. This remarkable structural difference displays the effect of amino acid side chain and ligating topology of the ligands on the supramolecular structures in these MOFs.
On spatial information retrieval and database generalization (2002)

Spatial data are often stored in a database with the finest level of details. The problem with cartographic generalization of spatial data is concerned with deriving spatial data with proper level of details when the data are used for an application. The generalization process is not simply a process of selecting objects or parts of objects suitable for an application; it should maintain the semantic information carried with the spatial data, such as topological relationships among objects and the overall "look and feel" of the data after generalization. Most difficulties of map generalization are because the importance of objects, which determines whether an object should be included and how it should be visualized in the generalized data set, is decided not only by their size, but also the "meaning" of these objects to the application. The latter is application-dependent, and often subjective. With more and more computerized applications making use of shared spatial data sources, and the increasing number of applications, efficient spatial data generalization becomes a critical issue. At the same time, it becomes less and less likely to have human intervention or have pre-materialized spatial data generalization for all applications in the Internet environment. The authors investigate issues for efficient spatial data generalization, with a unique focus on spatial database design and spatial operation processing. We propose several types of extensions and novel applications of z-values, a commonly used spatial indexing mechanism, to achieve our goals.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Randomized trial of combination versus monotherapy for the empiric treatment of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. (2009)

OBJECTIVE: To compare a strategy of combination therapy with a strategy of monotherapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics for suspected late ventilator-associated pneumonia.DESIGN: Randomized trial.SETTING: Twenty-eight intensive care units in Canada and the United States.PATIENTS: The study included 740 mechanically ventilated patients who developed suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia after 96 hrs in the intensive care unit. Patients known to be colonized or infected with Pseudomonas or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or who were immunocompromised were excluded from the study.INTERVENTIONS: As initial unblinded therapy, patients were allocated to receive meropenem (1 g every 8 hrs) and ciprofloxacin (400 mg every 12 hrs) or meropenem alone. Before starting antibiotics, patients were also randomized to bronchoalveolar lavage with quantitative cultures or endotracheal aspirates. When culture results were available, physicians were encouraged to adjust antibiotics. Adequacy of antibiotics was defined as the organism present in the enrollment culture having in vitro susceptibility to one or more of the study antibiotics.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Baseline characteristics and etiologies of ventilator-associated pneumonia were similar in the two groups. There was no difference in 28-day mortality between the combination and monotherapy groups (relative risk = 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.42, p = .74). Duration of intensive care unit and hospital stay, clinical and microbiological treatment response, emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, isolation of Clostridium difficile in stool, and fungal colonization were also similar in the two groups. In a subgroup of patients who had infection due to Pseudomonas species, Acinetobacter species, and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli at enrollment (n = 56), the adequacy of initial antibiotics (84.2% vs. 18.8%, p < .001) and microbiological eradication of infecting organisms (64.1% vs. 29.4%, p = .05) was higher in the combination group compared with the monotherapy group, but there were no differences in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: For critically ill patients who have suspected late ventilator-associated pneumonia and who are at low risk for difficult-to-treat gram-negative bacteria, monotherapy is associated with similar outcomes compared with combination therapy. For those patients at high risk of difficult-to-treat gram-negative bacteria, combination therapy is safe and may be associated with better microbiological and clinical outcomes. PMID: 18091545
Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants by virulence plasmids specific for nontyphoid serovars of Salmonella enterica (2011)

Nontyphoid serovars of Salmonella enterica are one of the leading causes of bacterial food-borne disease. Most human infections are confined to the small intestine and associated with inflammatory diarrhoea. However, bacteria can also spread beyond the intestine causing focal or systemic infections, particularly in infants, the elderly and immuno-compromised hosts. Although usually not required, antimicrobial therapy is mandatory for the control of invasive infections and for people with recognized risk factors. A limited number of nontyphoid serovars carry virulence plasmids, which are actively evolving through loss and/or acquisition of genetic information. Of particular interest is the capture of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobials, which can result from cointegration with resistance plasmids but is more commonly mediated by mobile genetic elements, such as insertion sequences, transposons and integrons. Resistance plasmids carrying virulence genes of serovar specific plasmids, including the spv region, were also detected. This review will focus on hybrid virulence–resistance plasmids found in Typhimurium and its monophasic 4,5,12:i:- variant, Enteritidis and Choleraesuis, which rank among the most common and/or invasive nontyphoid serovars. The epidemiology of these plasmids, the mechanisms underlying their emergence and evolution, as well as the consequences for both the pathogen and its host, will be considered.
A Generic Method for Preparing Hollow Mesoporous Silica Catalytic Nanoreactors with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles inside Their Cavities (2018)

We report a facile and generic method for the synthesis of hollow mesoporous silica nanoreactors (HMSNs) with small-sized metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) inside their cavities. They were made by deposition of silica onto metal-containing charge-driven polymer micelles and subsequent calcination. The micelles consist of 1) negatively charged supramolecular polyelectrolyte chains of bis-ligand-bound metal ions, and 2) water-soluble, neutral/positive diblock copolymers. Owing to the facile coordination between transition-metal ion and the employed bidentate ligand, a series of HMSNs with <2 nm M<sub>x</sub> O<sub>y</sub> NPs inside cavities (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) were obtained by simply varying the metal ions inside the micelles. The developed method circumvents the pre- and post-synthesis of metal oxide NPs; after calcination, hollow mesoporous nanostructures containing small-sized metal oxide NPs inside their cavities are directly obtained. The Co<sub>x</sub> O<sub>y</sub> -functionalized HMSNs catalyze the degradation of various dyes with H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> .
Characterization of quantum non-demolition measurements in optics (1994)

We present a review of the criteria developped to characterize the efficiency of quantum non-demolition measurement devices for travelling electromagnetic waves. These criteria describe respectively the quality of the measurement, the non-destruction of the signal, and the quantum correlations between the meter read-out and the signal output. Quantitative limits can be defined with respect to these criteria, delimiting classicad and quantum domains of operation. Moreover, some questions related to the gain on the signal channel, and to repeated QND measurements, will be also discussed.