gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calibration of the finite element model of a lumbar functional spinal unit using an optimization technique based on differential evolution (2010)

The development of a finite element model of the lumbar spine usually involves choosing among available alternatives to decide which values should be assigned to the material properties of the different spinal structures. Furthermore, the model has to be validated so that a reasonable approximation to the mechanical response of the lumbar spine is achieved. One approach for choosing such material properties involves calibrating the model by choosing the properties that produce the best fit with the in vitro mechanical response of the lumbar spine. This study proposes the use of an optimization method based on differential evolution to calibrate the finite element model of a functional spinal unit. Calibration was performed using reported in vitro data on the mechanical response of an intact lumbar functional unit and its successive reduced stages after the dissection of ligaments, facet joints, vertebral arch and nucleus pulposus. The loading conditions in the study were pure moments in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Considering all dissection stages and loading conditions, the maximum difference in vertebral rotation between the in vitro data and the model results was only 1.24°. Other model results such as facet loads and annulus fibrosus behavior also correlated well with reported data.
CD44-Mediated Adhesiveness of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors to Hyaluronan Is Modulated by Cytokines (1997)

Adhesive interactions between CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and bone marrow stroma are crucial for normal hematopoiesis, yet their molecular bases are still poorly elucidated. We have investigated whether cell surface proteoglycan CD44 can mediate adhesion of human CD34+ HPC to immobilized hyaluronan (HA), an abundant glycosaminoglycan of the bone marrow extracellular matrix. Our data show that, although CD34+ cells strongly express CD44, only 13.3% +/- 1.1% spontaneously adheres to HA. Short-term methylcellulose assay showed that HA-adherent CD34+ cells comprised granulo-monocytic and erythroid committed progenitors (19.6% +/- 2.5% and 7.3% +/- 1.0% of the input, respectively). More primitive progenitors, such as pre-colony-forming units, also adhered to HA. Moreover, we found that CD44-mediated adhesion of CD34+ cells to HA could be enhanced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the function-activating anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody H90, and cytokines such as granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3), and stem cell factor. Enhancement through PMA required several hours, was protein-synthesis-dependent, and was associated with an increase of CD44 cell surface expression, whereas stimulation of adhesion by H90 monoclonal antibody and cytokines was very rapid and without alteration of CD44 expression. H90-induced activation occurred at 4 degrees C and lasted for at least 2 hours, whereas activation by cytokines required incubation at 37 degrees C and was transient. These data, which show for the first time that CD34+ HPC can directly adhere to HA via CD44, point out that this adhesive interaction to HA is a process that may also be physiologically regulated by cytokines.
Efficient circuit implementations of current conveyors, negative impedance converters and nonlinear impedance converters using operational transconductance amplifiers (1988)

Abstract This paper points out that a commercially available dual-operational trans-conductance amplifier package (CA3280) can be efficiently used as both positive and negative second-generation current conveyors, floating negative impedance converters and floating nonlinear impedance converters. In many situations, no other active devices are required to implement the above circuit functions.
Cloning and characterization of theDrosophilahomolog of the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation-group B correcting gene,ERCC3 (1992)

Previously the human nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC3 was shown to be responsible for a rare combination of the autosomal recessive DNA repair disorders xeroderma pigmentosum (complementation group B) and Cockayne's syndrome (complementation group C). The human and mouse ERCC3 proteins contain several sequence motifs suggesting that it is a nucleic acid or chromatin binding helicase. To study the significance of these domains and the overall evolutionary conservation of the gene, the homolog from Drosophila melanogaster was isolated by low stringency hybridizations using two flanking probes of the human ERCC3 cDNA. The flanking probe strategy selects for long stretches of nucleotide sequence homology, and avoids isolation of small regions with fortuitous homology. In situ hybridization localized the gene onto chromosome III 67E3/4, a region devoid of known D.melanogaster mutagen sensitive mutants. Northern blot analysis showed that the gene is continuously expressed in all stages of fly development. A slight increase (2-3 times) of ERCC3Dm transcript was observed in the later stages. Two almost full length cDNAs were isolated, which have different 5' untranslated regions (UTR). The SD4 cDNA harbours only one long open reading frame (ORF) coding for ERCC3Dm. Another clone (SD2), however, has the potential to encode two proteins: a 170 amino acids polypeptide starting at the optimal first ATG has no detectable homology with any other proteins currently in the data bases, and another ORF beginning at the suboptimal second startcodon which is identical to that of SD4. Comparison of the encoded ERCC3Dm protein with the homologous proteins of mouse and man shows a strong amino acid conservation (71% identity), especially in the postulated DNA binding region and seven 'helicase' domains. The ERCC3Dm sequence is fully consistent with the presumed functions and the high conservation of these regions strengthens their functional significance. Microinjection and DNA transfection of ERCC3Dm into human xeroderma pigmentosum (c.g. B) fibroblasts and group 3 rodent mutants did not yield detectable correction. One of the possibilities to explain these negative findings is that the D.melanogaster protein may be unable to function in a mammalian repair context.
Electronically Controlled Phasing Element for Single-Layer Reconfigurable Reflectarray (2012)

An electronically controlled phasing element for a beam-steered single-layer microstrip reflectarray operating at 4 GHz is presented. The phasing element is formed by a printed circular ring equipped with a variable-length arc stub. The reconfigurable design is accomplished by including an open gate p-i-n transistor in the variable-length stub to offer a 1-bit beam-steering ability. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations and measurements are performed to prove the linear phase performance of the proposed cell including the effect of the utilized active chip and its biasing circuit. Those results indicate the high isolation between the phase performance of the utilized cell between the on and off states of the p-i-n switches.
Record RF performance of 45-nm SOI CMOS Technology (2007)

We report record RF performance in 45-nm silicon-on- insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. RF performance scaling with channel length and layout optimization is demonstrated. Peak f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> 's of 485 GHz and 345 GHz are measured in floating- body NFET and PFET with nearby wiring parasitics (i.e., gate- to-contact capacitance) included after de-embedding, thus representing FET performance in a real design. The measured f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> 's are the highest ever reported in a CMOS technology. Body- contacted FETs are also analyzed that have layout optimized for high-frequency analog applications. Employing a notched body contact layout, we reduce parasitic capacitance and gate leakage current significantly, thus improving RF performance with low power. For longer than minimum channel length and a body-contacted NFET with notched layout, we measure a peak f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 245 GHz with no degradation in critical analog figures of merit, such as self-gain.
A Little Fog for a Large Turn (2020)

Small, carefully crafted perturbations called adversarial perturbations can easily fool neural networks. However, these perturbations are largely additive and not naturally found. We turn our attention to the field of Autonomous navigation wherein adverse weather conditions such as fog have a drastic effect on the predictions of these systems. These weather conditions are capable of acting like natural adversaries that can help in testing models. To this end, we introduce a general notion of adversarial perturbations, which can be created using generative models and provide a methodology inspired by Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks to generate adversarial weather conditions for a given image. Our formulation and results show that these images provide a suitable testbed for steering models used in Autonomous navigation models. Our work also presents a more natural and general definition of Adversarial perturbations based on Perceptual Similarity <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Coherent closed quasi-clique discovery from large dense graph databases (2006)

Frequent coherent subgraphs can provide valuable knowledge about the underlying internal structure of a graph database, and mining frequently occurring coherent subgraphs from large dense graph databases has been witnessed several applications and received considerable attention in the graph mining community recently. In this paper, we study how to efficiently mine the complete set of coherent closed quasi-cliques from large dense graph databases, which is an especially challenging task due to the downward-closure property no longer holds. By fully exploring some properties of quasi-cliques, we propose several novel optimization techniques, which can prune the unpromising and redundant sub-search spaces effectively. Meanwhile, we devise an efficient closure checking scheme to facilitate the discovery of only closed quasi-cliques. We also develop a coherent closed quasi-clique mining algorithm, <B>Cocain</B>1 Thorough performance study shows that Cocain is very efficient and scalable for large dense graph databases.
Roles of Humidity and Temperature in Shaping Influenza Seasonality (2014)

Experimental studies in guinea pigs demonstrated that influenza virus transmission is strongly modulated by temperature and humidity. A number of epidemiological studies have followed up on these findings and revealed robust associations between influenza incidence in temperate regions and local conditions of humidity and temperature, offering a long-awaited explanation for the wintertime seasonality of influenza in these locales. Despite recent progress, important questions remain as to the mechanism(s) by which humidity and/or temperature affects transmission.
Sulfur embedded in metal organic framework-derived hierarchically porous carbon nanoplates for high performance lithium–sulfur battery (2013)

The wide-scale implementation of lithium–sulfur batteries is limited by their rapid capacity fading, which is induced by the pulverization of the sulfur cathode and dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, we reported the encapsulation of sulfur (S) into hierarchically porous carbon nanoplates (HPCN) derived from one-step pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks (MOF-5). HPCN with an average thickness of ca. 50 nm exhibits a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous nanostructure, high specific surface area (1645 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (1.18 cm3 g−1). When evaluated as a cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries, the HPCN–S composite demonstrates high specific capacity and excellent cycling performance. At a current rate of 0.1 C, the initial discharge capacity of HPCN–S is 1177 mA h g−1. Even at a current rate of 0.5 C, it still delivers a discharge capacity of 730 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles and the Coulombic efficiency is up to 97%. The enhanced electrochemical performance of HPCN–S is closely related to its well-defined 3D porous plate nanostructure which not only provides stable electronic and ionic transfer channels, but also plays a key role as a strong absorbent to retain polysulfides and accommodate volume variation during the charge–discharge process.
Active Infrared Countermeasures (1993)

The goal of active infrared countermeasures (IRCM) is quite simple: add modulated infrared energy to the infrared signature of an aircraft to counter infrared guided missiles. Yet the system engineer who suddenly is tasked with the understanding, design, or production of active IRCM systems soon becomes aware of the many complexities it presents. Aircraft power limitations, aircraft signatures, mission analysis, infrared missile signal processing, infrared sources, and missile-target simulation each playa critical role in the success of an active IRCM system. The goal of this chapter is to show how these disciplines interrelate.
Cdk5rap2 regulates centrosome function and chromosome segregation in neuronal progenitors (2010)

Microcephaly affects approximately 1% of the population and is associated with mental retardation, motor defects and, in some cases, seizures. We analyzed the mechanisms underlying brain size determination in a mouse model of human microcephaly. The Hertwig's anemia (an) mutant shows peripheral blood cytopenias, spontaneous aneuploidy and a predisposition to hematopoietic tumors. We found that the an mutation is a genomic inversion of exon 4 of Cdk5rap2, resulting in an in-frame deletion of exon 4 from the mRNA. The finding that CDK5RAP2 human mutations cause microcephaly prompted further analysis of Cdk5rap2(an/an) mice and we demonstrated that these mice exhibit microcephaly comparable to that of the human disease, resulting from striking neurogenic defects that include proliferative and survival defects in neuronal progenitors. Cdk5rap2(an/an) neuronal precursors exit the cell cycle prematurely and many undergo apoptosis. These defects are associated with impaired mitotic progression coupled with abnormal mitotic spindle pole number and mitotic orientation. Our findings suggest that the reduction in brain size observed in humans with mutations in CDK5RAP2 is associated with impaired centrosomal function and with changes in mitotic spindle orientation during progenitor proliferation.
The impact of different methods of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin on the patients'pain (2013)

Objective To investigate the impact of different methods of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin on the patients 'pain.Methods A total of 150 cases of patients were randomly divided into 3 groups,taut skin with vertical injection for the A group,pinch the skin provided for the vertical injection of group B,the traditional injection method for the C group.The degree of pain among the groups were compared.Results The response of pain were different among the 3 groups ; the proportion of patients with severe pain between A group and B group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) ; the proportion of patients with severe pain in C group was higher than A group and B group,it was different significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Taut skin or pinching skin vertical injection can reduce pain of patients.

Key words: 
Low molecular weight heparin; Subcutaneous injection; Method; Pain
ChemInform Abstract: ZUSAMMENSETZUNG VON NIOBATKRISTALLEN MIT WOLFRAMBRONZE‐STRUKTUR (1974)

Abstract Durch Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse wird die Zusammensetzung von nach Czochralski gezüchteten Ba‐Sr‐ bzw. Na‐Ba‐niobateinknstallen ermittelt.
Enhanced Photoresponse of Conductive Polymer Nanowires Embedded with Au Nanoparticles (2016)

A conductive polymer nanowire embedded with a 1D Au nanoparticle chain with defined size, shape, and interparticle distance is fabricated which demonstrates enhanced photoresponse behavior. The precise and controllable positioning of 1D Au nanoparticle chain in the conductive polymer nanowire plays a critical role in modulating the photoresponse behavior by excitation light wavelength or power due to the coupled-plasmon effect of 1D Au nanoparticle chain.
Online Caching and Coding at the WiFi Edge: Gains and Tradeoffs (2020)

Video content delivery at the wireless edge continues to be challenged by insufficient bandwidth and highly dynamic user behavior which affects both effective throughput and latency. Caching at the network edge and coded transmissions have been found to improve user performance of video content delivery. The cache at the wireless edge stations (BSs, APs) and at the users' end devices can be populated by pre-caching content or by using online caching policies. In this paper, we propose a system where content is cached at the user of a WiFi network via online caching policies, and coded delivery is employed by the WiFi AP to deliver the requested content to the user population. The content of the cache at the user serves as side information for index coding. We also propose the LFU-Index cache replacement policy at the user that demonstrably improves cache hit and index coding opportunities at the WiFi AP for the proposed system. Through an extensive simulation study, we determine the gains achieved by caching and index coding. Next, we analyze the tradeoffs between them in terms of data transmitted, latency, and throughput for different content request behaviors from the users. We also show that the proposed cache replacement policy performs better than traditional cache replacement policies like LRU and LFU.
Table of material properties of engineering biomaterials and tissues (2011)

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Synthesis of 2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline derivatives and screening for P2X1-purinoceptor antagonist activity in isolated preparations of rat vas deferens, for translation into a male contraceptive† (2020)

Sympathetically mediated contractions of smooth muscle cells in the vasa deferentia are mediated by neuronally released adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and noradrenaline, which stimulate P2X1-purinoceptors and α1A-adrenoceptors, respectively. This process is crucial for sperm transport, as demonstrated in knockout mouse studies where simultaneous genetic deletion of P2X1-purinoceptors and α1A-adrenoceptors resulted in male infertility. We hypothesize that dual pharmacological antagonism of these two receptors could inhibit sperm transport sufficiently to provide a novel nonhormonal method of male contraception. To generate a suitable P2X1-purinoceptor antagonist, substituents were introduced on the phenyl moiety of 2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline to create a series of analogues that were tested for P2X1-purinoceptor antagonism in isolated preparations of rat vas deferens. Novel compounds were initially screened for their ability to attenuate contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS: 60 V, 0.5 ms, 0.2 Hz). The addition of polar substituents to the meta, but not ortho, position markedly increased the inhibition of contractions, as did the addition of both polar and aliphatic substituents to the para position. Di-substituted compounds were also synthesized and tested, resulting in a compound 31 (2-hydroxy, 4-fluoro), which exhibited the greatest potency, with an IC50 of 14 μM (95% confidence limits: 12-16 μM). Additionally, compound 31 noncompetitively antagonized contractions mediated by exogenously administered αß-methylene ATP (10 nM-30 μM) but had no inhibitory effect on contractions mediated by exogenously administered noradrenaline (30 nM-100 μM) or acetylcholine (30 nM-100 μM). These results have contributed to a structure-activity relationship profile for the P2X1-purinoceptor that will inform future designs of more potent antagonists.
Restoration of sensory function and lack of long‐term chronic pain syndromes after brachial plexus injury in human neonates (2002)

Obstetric complications are a common cause of brachial plexus injuries in neonates. Failure to restore sensation leads to trophic injuries and poor limb function. It is not known whether the infant suffers chronic neuropathic or spinal cord root avulsion pain; in adults, chronic pain is usual after spinal root avulsion injuries, and this is often intractable. The plexus is repaired surgically in severe neonatal injures; if no spontaneous recovery has occurred by 3 months, and if neurophysiological investigations point to poor prognosis, then nerve trunk injures are grafted, while spinal cord root avulsion injuries are treated by transferring an intact neighbouring nerve (e.g. intercostal) to the distal stump of the damaged nerve, in an attempt to restore sensorimotor function. Using a range of non-invasive quantitative measures validated in adults, including mechanical, thermal and vibration perception thresholds, we have assessed for the first time sensory and cholinergic sympathetic function in 24 patients aged between 3 and 23 years, who had suffered severe brachial plexus injury at birth. While recovery of function after spinal root avulsion was related demonstrably to surgery, there were remarkable differences from adults, including excellent restoration of sensory function (to normal limits in all dermatomes for at least one modality in 16 out of 20 operated cases), and evidence of exquisite CNS plasticity, i.e. perfect localization of restored sensation in avulsed spinal root dermatomes, now presumably routed via nerves that had been transferred from a distant spinal region. Sensory recovery exceeded motor or cholinergic sympathetic recovery. There was no evidence of chronic pain behaviour or neuropathic syndromes, although pain was reported normally to external stimuli in unaffected regions. We propose that differences in neonates are related to later maturation of injured fibres, and that CNS plasticity may account for their lack of long-term chronic pain after spinal root avulsion injury.
Transformation mechanism of olivine to modified spinel in Mg2SiO4 under stress. (1990)

Mechanism of the transformation of forsterite to modified spinel structure has been studied using multi-anvil apparatus. In order to examine the effect of stress on the transformation mechanism, forsterite single crystals were placed in two different media of powdered forsterite and NaCl, where the latter medium was found to provide one order of magnitude smaller differential stress in the sample. Optical and transmission electron microscope observations for the run products at 15.5GPa, 1000°C clearly show evidence which supports the in coherent nucleation and growth mechanism for the olivine-modified spinel transformation in these experimental conditions. The present results, combined with those of earlier works, suggest that the other possible mechanism, a martensitic transformation, may be realized only under substantially large differential stress of over 2GPa for the olivine-modified spinel transformation in Mg2SiO4.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Preclinical Benefit of Hypoxia-Activated Intra-arterial Therapy with Evofosfamide in Liver Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: Quantitative volumetric image analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Diagnosing Glaucoma Progression (2008)

International Ophthalmology Clinics: Fall 2008 - Volume 48 - Issue 4 - p 13-28 doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31818b63f0