gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eczematous plaques related to unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy (2003)

The use of low-molecular-weight heparin has been expanded to prevent pregnancy complications such as pregnancy loss, intra-uterine growth restriction and severe early-onset pre-eclampsia in high-risk patients with evidence of acquired or congenital thrombophilia. Therefore, the number of patients with side effects from low-molecular-weight heparin is expected to increase. We describe two women with infiltrating patchy plaques that developed in reaction to low-molecular-weight heparin during pregnancy. In the first patient, a switch to other formulations of heparin and heparinoid failed; the second patient, however, did well when enoxaparin was replaced with dalteparin. This report confirms the risk of skin reactions to enoxaparin and dalteparin, and reports on a skin reaction associated with danaparoid sodium in a pregnant woman.
Visible-Light-Active Doped Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Review of their Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2020)

Metal oxide semiconductors with a bandgap between 2 and 4 eV are an important class of compounds in the electronics industry and for photocatalysis. With the demand for these materials expanding rapidly, especially in the field of photocatalysis, the fabrication of nanoscale metal oxide particles, which increases the surface-to-volume ratio and thereby reduces the materials costs, is an emphasis of current research. For the purpose of photocatalysis, another important quality is the ability to absorb light efficiently. However, due to the wide bandgap of metal oxide semiconductors, the absorptions are limited to the UV region. Conveniently, a wider range of wavelengths and physical properties can be enabled by doping these metal oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, the synthesis of doped metal oxides in nanoparticle form offers utility in an expansive array of systems, substrates, and dispersion media. However, the reliable synthesis of nanosized colloidal particles of doped metal oxides remains an ongoing challenge for materials researchers. This manuscript gives a concise overview of research conducted regarding the synthesis of visible-light-active doped metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and analyzes how doping impacts the optical properties, making them active in the visible to near-infrared regions. The effects of doping on applications are also summarized. Given that the most commonly doped metal oxide materials are TiO2 and ZnO, this review highlights both anion- and cation-doped TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, doped perovskite nanoparticles (e.g., BaTiO3 and SrTiO3) as well as some of the lesser studied doped metal oxide nanoparticle systems are covered. This work is intended to provide not only a broad overview of existing doped metal oxide nanoparticles but also a foundation for the development of semiconducting nanoparticle architectures for next-generation applications.
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepraemurium infections in domestic and wild animals (2001)

Mycobacterium leprae, the aetiological agent of leprosy in humans, gives rise to a chronic granulomatous disease that affects primarily the skin and peripheral nerves, and secondarily some internal organs such as the testis and the eye; viscera are seldom involved. Depending on host resistance, leprosy may present as a benign disease (tuberculoid leprosy) or as a malignant disease (lepromatous leprosy), with a spectrum of intermediate stages appearing between the two. Immunity against leprosy depends on the cell-mediated immunity of the host, and this is severely compromised in the malignant (lepromatous) form of leprosy. Although culture of M. leprae has never been achieved in artificial media, the bacterium may be grown in several experimental animals, including the armadillo, non-human primates, and to a certain extent, rodents. Naturally acquired leprosy has been reported in wild nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) and in three species of non-human primates (chimpanzees [Pan troglodytes], sooty mangabey monkeys [Cercocebus atys] and cynomolgus macaques [Macaca fascicularis]), thus qualifying leprosy as a zoonosis. Murine leprosy is a leprosy-like disease of rats and mice, caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium. The disease affects primarily viscera and the skin, and very rarely peripheral nerves. Depending on the host strain, rodent leprosy may also evolve as 'lepromatous' or 'tuberculoid' leprosy, and strains of mouse that develop intermediate forms of the disease may exist. Growth of M. lepraemurium on conventional media for mycobacteria is not successful, but the bacterium has been cultured on an egg yolk-based medium. Naturally acquired murine leprosy has been observed in rats, mice and cats, but not in humans or any other species. Thus, in contrast to human leprosy, murine leprosy is not a zoonosis.
Management of Acute Renal Failure in the Critically Ill with Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration (1992)

Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) has been increasingly utilized for renal replacement therapy in the critically ill. We report details of a prospective study of CVVHD in 12 critically ill patients (7 males, 5 females; mean age 60 years, range 30-72 years; Apache II score mean 27.4, range 21-35) with oligoanuric acute renal failure supported on CVVHD. Vascular access was obtained via double lumen subclavian or femoral cannulae. The mean pretreatment urea was 35.9 mM/L and the mean pretreatment creatinine was 559 microM/L. After 24 h of treatment on CVVHD these fell to a urea mean of 20.3 mM/L and a creatinine mean of 298 microM/L and remained stable at these values for the duration of CVVHD. The mean net ultrafiltrate volume was 551 mL/h, with a urea clearance mean of 26.6 mL/min and a creatinine clearance mean of 23.7 mL/min. There were no complications related to use of the blood pump module or extracorporeal circuit. Excellent hemodynamic stability, control of fluid and electrolyte balance, and azotaemia control were maintained while on CVVHD. Technique survival was 100%. Patient survival was 42%. We conclude that CVVHD is a safe, effective, and durable therapy for the treatment of acute renal failure in the critically ill and that it offers outstanding metabolic control and cardiovascular stability.
Erectile dysfunction in premature ejaculation. (1997)

Between October 1993 and December 1995, 45 patients with premature ejaculation were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups etiologically, as having primary or secondary ejaculation. After a complete laboratory evaluation all patients underwent papaverine tests color Doppler ultrasonography pharmacocavernosometry-cavernosography and consequently organic etiology were investigated. Venous leakage was found in 5 (22,7%), arterial or mix insufficiency in 2 (9%) of the patients with primary premature ejaculation. In secondary premature ejaculation group, venous leakage was encountered in 9 patients (39,1%), arterial insufficiency in 2 patients (8,6%). In conclusion, investigation of organic etiology for the patients with premature ejaculation, particularly with secondary premature ejaculation, seems to be beneficial for correct diagnosis.
A Multi-Aperture Image Sensor With 0.7 $\mu{\hbox{m}}$ Pixels in 0.11 $\mu{\hbox{m}}$ CMOS Technology (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The first integrated multi-aperture image sensor is reported. It comprises a 166 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> 76 array of 16 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex> </formula> 16, 0.7 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex> </formula> pixel, FT-CCD subarrays with local readout circuit, per-column 10-bit ADCs, and control circuits. The image sensor is fabricated in a 0.11 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS process modified for buried channel charge transfer. Global snap shot image acquisition with CDS is performed at up to 15 fps with 0.15 V/lux-s responsivity, 3500 e- well capacity, 5 e- read noise, 33 e-/s dark signal, 57 dB dynamic range, and 35 dB peak SNR. When coupled with local optics, the multi-aperture image sensor captures overlapping views of the scene, which can be postprocessed to obtain both a high-resolution 2-D image and a depth map. Other benefits include the ability to image objects at close proximity to the sensor without the need for objective optics, achieve nearly complete color separation through a per-aperture color filter array, relax the requirements on the camera objective optics, and increase the tolerance to defective pixels. The multi-aperture architecture is also highly scalable, making it possible to increase pixel counts well beyond current levels. </para>
Fast 3D Surface Measurement with Wrapped Phase and Pseudorandom Image (2019)

Balancing the accuracy and speed of three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement of objects is crucial in many important applications. In this paper, we present a wrapped phase and pseudorandom image method and develop an experimental system aiming to avoid the process of phase unwrapping. Our approach can reduce the length of image sequences and improve the speed of pattern projection and image acquisition and can be used as a good candidate for high-speed 3D measurement. The most critical step in our new methodology is using the wrapped phase and the epipolar constraint between one camera and a projector, which can obtain several candidate 3D points within the measurement volume (MV). The false points from the obtained candidate 3D points can be eliminated by the pseudorandom images. A systematic accuracy with MV better than 0.01 mm is achievable. 3D human body measurement results are given to confirm the fast speed of image acquisition capability.
LOX/CH4 Hot Firing Dual Bell Nozzle Testing: Part II -Characteristics of Combustion Instability and Heat Flux- (2015)

A sub-scale hot-flow testing on the dual-bell nozzle test model was conducted as a cooperative research project between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). This paper describes test results obtained with the test model designed by JAXA which had a relatively large initial expansion angle in the extension nozzle. The testing was implemented at DLR in Lampoldshausen, Germany. The propellant was a combination of liquid oxygen and gaseous methane. With the test model designed by JAXA, the hot-flow test data with respect to the distributions of pressure, temperature, and heat flux on the extension nozzle wall was obtained, and the effect of mixture ratio and combustion chamber pressure on the separation transition was characterized. The measured wall surface pressure indicated that the separation transition took place irrespective of the nozzle pressure ratio, and this was attributed to that the large initial expansion angle of the extension nozzle and the designed nozzle contour which had the positive pressure gradient governed the separation transition mechanism: the separation point jumped suddenly from the inflection point to the extension nozzle exit. Other characteristics with respect to the heat flux and combustion instability are also discussed.
Functional traits as predictors of vital rates across the life cycle of tropical trees (2016)

Summary The ‘functional traits’ of species have been heralded as promising predictors for species’ demographic rates and life history. Multiple studies have linked plant species’ demographic rates to commonly measured traits. However, predictive power is usually low – raising questions about the practical usefulness of traits – and analyses have been limited to size‐independent univariate approaches restricted to a particular life stage. Here we directly evaluated the predictive power of multiple traits simultaneously across the entire life cycle of 136 tropical tree species from central P anama. Using a model‐averaging approach, we related wood density, seed mass, leaf mass per area and adult stature (maximum diameter) to onset of reproduction, seed production, seedling establishment, and growth and survival at seedling, sapling and adult stages. Three of the four traits analysed here (wood density, seed mass and adult stature) typically explained 20–60% of interspecific variation at a given vital rate and life stage. There were strong shifts in the importance of different traits throughout the life cycle of trees, with seed mass and adult stature being most important early in life, and wood density becoming most important after establishment. Every trait had opposing effects on different vital rates or at different life stages; for example, seed mass was associated with higher seedling establishment and lower initial survival, wood density with higher survival and lower growth, and adult stature with decreased juvenile but increased adult growth and survival. Forest dynamics are driven by the combined effects of all demographic processes across the full life cycle. Application of a multitrait and full‐life cycle approach revealed the full role of key traits, and illuminated how trait effects on demography change through the life cycle. The effects of traits on one life stage or vital rate were sometimes offset by opposing effects at another stage, revealing the danger of drawing broad conclusions about functional trait–demography relationships from analysis of a single life stage or vital rate. Robust ecological and evolutionary conclusions about the roles of functional traits rely on an understanding of the relationships of traits to vital rates across all life stages.
Nonlinear view interpolation (2002)

A new nonlinear view interpolation algorithm is presented. Unlike the linear interpolation scheme, our method can exactly simulate the perspective viewing transformation during the walkthrough. To accelerate the view interpolation, the algorithm employs a binary subdivision scheme to optimize the decomposition of the source image so that the number of the resultant blocks is greatly reduced. Holes on the intermediate image are filled by two steps, namely enlarging the transferred blocks at the side adjacent to holes and retrieving the local image within the holes from the destination images by multiple-directional interpolation. Experimental results demonstrate our algorithm is much more accurate and efficient than the traditional one.
CO2 / H2 separation by multistage H2 selective and CO2 selective membranes: a process synthesis study (2021)

International audience
Short-term In Vivo Studies of Surface Thrombosis in a Left Ventricular Assist System (2006)

Thrombosis continues to be a major adverse and at times fatal event in patients with left ventricular assist systems (LVAS). To assess acute thrombosis in an LVAS, multiscale analysis of surface thrombosis was performed on LVAS blood sacs retrieved after implantation in seven calves for 3 days. Two study groups were evaluated: One group was given heparin and warfarin sodium throughout the study; the second received no postoperative anticoagulation. On explantation, the blood sacs were examined for macroscopic thrombi; microscale thrombosis was assessed with the use of scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopic thrombi about 1 mm in diameter were seen in all sacs from both groups. Although macroscopic thrombi occurred in all sac regions, scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in microscale topography between the port regions and the other sac regions. The primary structure was spherical particles approximately 400 nm in diameter, found to occur at a lower density in the ports. In contrast, the highest densities of proteinaceous rough topography and fibrillar structures consistent with fibrin clot were seen in the port regions. The density distribution of these structures was different in the eight sac regions, and anticoagulation therapy appeared to have no effect on surface thrombosis in these short-term LVAS implants.
Cellular Uptake of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Imatinib and AMN107 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Cell Lines (2006)

Imatinib and AMN107 are protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors which reduce KIT autophosphorylation with similar potency. This report describes the cellular uptake of these compounds in two human gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)-derived cell lines (GIST882 and GIST GDG1), which both express constitutively activated KIT. In GIST882 and GIST GDG1 cell lines, HPLC analysis revealed AMN107 intracellular concentrations to be 7- and 10-fold greater than those of imatinib. These data indicate either increased cellular uptake or decreased cellular efflux of AMN107 when compared to imatinib in GIST cell lines. The finding suggests that AMN107 might be less susceptible to transport-driven imatinib resistance. The stable and increased exposure of GIST cells to a highly active AMN107 agent could be important in the treatment of imatinib-resistant GIST patients in whom resistance has developed as a result of changes in cellular transport mechanisms for which AMN107 is not a substrate.
Automatic Protocol Compliance Checking of SystemC TLM-2.0 Simulation Behavior Using Timed Automata (2017)

The increasing complexity of todays digital circuit designs led to the increased usage of abstract models. In particular, the Electronic System Level (ESL) has emerged as an area of active research. For ESL design, SystemC and its Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) framework have become the standard tools for abstract modeling. The resulting models represent both, an executable specification and a reference model for the hardware design. The correctness of these designs is important as undetected errors may propagate to less abstract levels in the design process, increasing the potential amount of work required to fix them. To quickly ensure that implementations and reference emit the same behavior, the comparison between these abstractions needs to be both, flexible and automated. This paper presents a method to verify the simulation behavior of a given System TLM-2.0 design against TLM-2.0 protocols. The system's structural description and its run-time behavior are translated to a single, consistent formal model. This is then used to verify that a simulation run adheres to a given protocol. The protocol compliance checks are performed using the UPPAAL model checker and applied to several TLM models.
The in-vitro Wound Healing Potential of Essential Oil Extracted from Mentha longifolia L. (2023)

Products from Mentha species are widely used in medical applications, including wound healing, due to the bioactive compounds they may contain.However, data on the effect of Mentha longifolia L. on wound healing are limited.This study investigated the antimicrobial and wound healing-promoting effects of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil using in vitro methods.The chemical compositions of the essential oil were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while the agar well diffusion and disk diffusion methods were used to determine antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains.A scratch wound healing assay was performed following determination of the cytotoxic dose in human fibroblast cell lines.The media were used for biochemical analysis 48 h after the in vitro wound model.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the contribution of the essential oil to wound healing.The essential oil exhibited varying levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens and increased cell viability.All doses in the scratch wound healing assay promoted wound closure in a shorter time than in the control group.TAC levels were higher in the treated groups than in the control group, while TOS, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were lower.Levels of expression of FGF 2, IGF, and TGF-β were higher in the treated groups than in the control group at increasing doses.The essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. exhibited antimicrobial effects and improved wound healing at doses of 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL.
Investigations into Transition‐State Geometry in the Mukaiyama Directed Aldol Reaction (2007)

A model compound was designed to study the relative orientation of enol silane and carbonyl moieties in the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The cyclization must proceed with either a synclinal or an antiperiplanar orientation of the aldehyde with respect to the enol silane. These two orientations lead to diastereomeric products, thus allowing for unambiguous correlation between product configuration and transition-state geometry. As steric bias is minimal, the product distribution should reflect the intrinsic preferences for reactant geometry in the transition state. Cyclizations of the model compound showed a modest preference for reaction via an antiperiplanar (open transition state) orientation of reactants in the presence of a wide range of Lewis acids (TiCl4, SnCl4, SnCl2, BF3OEt2, TMSBr, trityl perchlorate, EtAlCl2) and triflic acid. The cyclizations promoted by tin(II) salts were syn-selective and dependent on the nature of the counterion. Fluoride ion promoted reactions were anti-selective and were independent of the nature of the cation.
Increase in West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease after Hurricane Katrina (2008)

After Hurricane Katrina, the number of reported cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) sharply increased in the hurricane-affected regions of Louisiana and Mississippi. In 2006, a >2-fold increase in WNND incidence was observed in the hurricane-affected areas than in previous years.
Mass customisation (1996)

Mass production and personally tailored products are no longer considered opposite ends of the spectrum. The author recounts IBM&apos;s experiences in the days of the commodity PC. Once mass production relied on making all products exactly the same. `Customisation&apos; is the opposite of this: making a product specifically for the individual customer. `Mass customisation&apos; is a paradoxical idea that has only become possible with the arrival of modern manufacturing practices, such as just in time and total quality management. The author&apos;s interpretation of the phrase is simply: the process of reflecting very specific and varied customer requirements within a high volume production process without affecting lead time, cost or quality. Customers around the world, and in every conceivable activity, rightly demand more and more from their suppliers-impeccable quality, competitive prices, solutions as opposed to commodities and, of course, responsive and efficient after sales service. The author focuses on IBM&apos;s attempts to meet these demands in the arena of the personal computer.
It’s Time To Learn About Learning: Where Should the Environmental and Natural Resource Governance Field Go Next? (2019)

This Commentary reflects on the state of the scholarship on learning for environmental and natural resource policy and governance. How have we been learning about learning? We highlight theoretical and empirical advancements related to learning, as well as areas of divergence between learning theories and frameworks, and underdeveloped knowledge around processes and outcomes. To address these limitations and improve progress in both theory and practice, we offer recommendations for learning scholarship by focusing on how to collectively engage in ‘learning about learning’.
High Glucose Suppresses Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway and Attenuates Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing (2009)

High glucose, likely through ROS, impairs the EGFR-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, resulting in delayed corneal epithelial wound healing. Antioxidants in combination with EGFR ligands may be promising potential therapeutics for diabetic keratopathy.