gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic text representation, classification and labeling in European law (2001)

The huge text archives and retrieval systems of legal information have not achieved yet the representation in the well-known subject-oriented structure of legal commentaries. Content-based classification and text analysis remains a high priority research topic. In the joint KONTERM, SOM and LabelSOM projects, learning techniques of neural networks are used to achieve similar high compression rates of classification and analysis like in manual legal indexing. The produced maps of legal text corpora cluster related documents in units that are described with automatically selected descriptors. Extensive tests with text corpora in European case law have shown the feasibility of this approach. Classification and labeling proved very helpful for legal research. The Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map represents very interesting generalities and specialties of legal text corpora. The segmentation into document parts improved very much the quality of labeling. The next challenge would be a change from tf × idf vector representation to a modified vector representation taking into account thesauri or ontologies considering learned properties of legal text corpora.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Oxidation of 1,3‐Dithiane and 5,5‐Disubstituted Analogues Including X‐Ray Crystal Structure, Equilibration Studies and pKa Measurements on Selected Oxides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexamethyl-4,4′-bi[4H-pyranyl] (2000)

The title mol­ecule, C16H22O2, reveals Ci point symmetry in the crystal structure. The structure was disordered. The pyran ring is not planar; the O atom lies significantly out of the least-squares plane (ten times the r.m.s. deviation of all six atoms).
Computational study on the ignition timing of HCCI combustion in IC engines fuelled with methane (2002)

Engines with Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion offer a number\nof benefits over conventional SI and CI combustions, such as low NOx emission, negligible\ncycle-to-cycle variation, higher combustion efficiency at part load than SI counterpart at part\nload, and low soot emission. Unlike SI and CI engines, where combustion is directly\ncontrolled by the engine management system, the combustion in HCCI engines is controlled\nby chemical kinetics only. Sophisticated strategies for ignition timing and rate of heat release\ncontrol over wide engine operation range need to be developed. Using SENKIN chemical\nkinetics simulation package developed by Sandia, the effect of a number of engine operation\nparameters on the ignition timing of HCCI combustion has been calculated. Results were\nanalysed and reported in this paper. It has been found that a high inlet temperature can be\nused to initiate the HCCI combustion, but EGR and air/fuel ratio appears to be the potential\npractical methods for ignition timing and engine load control.
Soft breakdown free atomic-layer-deposited silicon-nitride/SiO/sub 2/ stack gate dielectrics (2002)

An extremely-thin (0.3-0.4 nm) silicon nitride layer has been deposited on thermally grown SiO/sub 2/ by an atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) technique. The boron penetration through the stack gate dielectrics has been dramatically suppressed and the reliability has been significantly improved. An exciting feature of no soft breakdown (SBD) events is observed in ramped voltage stressing and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics. A model has been proposed, which consistently explains the no-SBD phenomena in ALD-silicon-nitride/SiO/sub 2/ stack gate dielectrics as well as the SBD events in conventional SiO/sub 2/ dielectrics.
Recent Upgrades of the SHIPTRAP Setup: On the Finish Line Towards Direct Mass Spectroscopy of Superheavy Elements (2017)

International audience
Enzymatic Degradation of HD (2001)

Abstract : An enzyme, derived from a Rhodococcus bacterium, was found to have catalytic activity with HD as the substrate. The enzyme has previously been characterized as a hydrolytic dehalogenase and apparently catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of HD, because chloride is released stoichiometically. The enzyme is precipitated between 60 and 100% ammonium sulfate saturation, binds to Q Sepharose and elutes at an ammonium sulfate concentration of about 0.1%. The enzyme exhibits saturation kinetics with HD as its substrate. The Km is about 15 mM HD and the V(sub max) occurs at about 25 mM. It exhibits fairly conventional temperature and pH effects with a temperature optimum of about 35 deg C and a pH optimum of about 7.0.
Leaky Cauldron on the Dark Land (2017)

Side-channel risks of Intel's SGX have recently attracted great attention. Under the spotlight is the newly discovered page-fault attack, in which an OS-level adversary induces page faults to observe the page-level access patterns of a protected process running in an SGX enclave. With almost all proposed defense focusing on this attack, little is known about whether such efforts indeed raises the bar for the adversary, whether a simple variation of the attack renders all protection ineffective, not to mention an in-depth understanding of other attack surfaces in the SGX system. In the paper, we report the first step toward systematic analyses of side-channel threats that SGX faces, focusing on the risks associated with its memory management. Our research identifies 8 potential attack vectors, ranging from TLB to DRAM modules. More importantly, we highlight the common misunderstandings about SGX memory side channels, demonstrating that high frequent AEXs can be avoided when recovering EdDSA secret key through a new page channel and fine-grained monitoring of enclave programs (at the level of 64B) can be done through combining both cache and cross-enclave DRAM channels. Our findings reveal the gap between the ongoing security research on SGX and its side-channel weaknesses, redefine the side-channel threat model for secure enclaves, and can provoke a discussion on when to use such a system and how to use it securely.
Distributed QoS routing with imprecise state information (2002)

The goal of quality-of-service (QoS) routing is to find a network path which has sufficient resources to satisfy certain constraints on delay, bandwidth and/or other metrics. The network state information maintained at every node is often imprecise in a dynamic environment because of nonnegligible propagation delay of state messages, periodic updates due to overhead concern, and hierarchical state aggregation. The information imprecision makes QoS routing difficult. The traditional shortest-path routing algorithm does not provide satisfactory performance with imprecise state information. We propose a distributed routing scheme, called ticket-based probing, which searches multiple paths in parallel for a satisfactory one. The scheme is designed to work with imprecise state information. It allows the dynamic trade-off between the routing performance and the overhead. The state information of intermediate nodes is collectively used to guide the routing messages along the most appropriate paths in order to maximize the success probability. The proposed algorithm consider not only the QoS requirements but also the cost optimality of the routing path. Extensive simulations show that our algorithm achieve high call-admission ratio and low-cost routing paths with modest overhead. The algorithm can tolerate high degree of information imprecision.
Wind tunnel noise reduction at Mach 5 with a rod-wall sound shield (1983)

A method of shielding a wind-tunnel model from noise radiated by the tunnel-wall boundary layer has been developed and tested at the Langley Research Center. The shield consists of a rectangular array of longitudinal rods with boundary-layer suction through gaps between the rods. Tests were conducted at Mach 5 over a unit Reynolds number range of 1.0-3.5 x 10 to the 7th/m. Hot-wire measurements indicated the freestream noise, expressed in terms of the rms pressure fluctuations normalized by the mean pressure, was reduced from about 1.4 percent just upstream of the shielded region of a minimum level of about 0.4 percent in the forward portion of the shielded flow.
Joint characteristics between polarisation-maintaining single-mode fibres (1983)

The jointing characteristics of polarisation-maintaining single-mode (PMSM) fibres are described. The power coupling loss and extinction ratio due to angular misalignment of the main principal axis at the fibre joint are measured.
Megakaryocytic emperipolesis and platelet function abnormalities in five patients with gray platelet syndrome (2015)

The gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare congenital platelet disorder characterized by mild to moderate bleeding diathesis, macrothrombocytopenia and lack of azurophilic α-granules in platelets. Some platelet and megakaryocyte (MK) abnormalities have been described, but confirmative studies of the defects in larger patient cohorts have not been undertaken. We studied platelet function and bone marrow (BM) features in five GPS patients with NBEAL2 autosomal recessive mutations from four unrelated families. In 3/3 patients, we observed a defect in platelet responses to protease-activated receptor (PAR)1-activating peptide as the most consistent finding, either isolated or combined to defective responses to other agonists. A reduction of PAR1 receptors with normal expression of major glycoproteins on the platelet surface was also found. Thrombin-induced fibrinogen binding to platelets was severely impaired in 2/2 patients. In 4/4 patients, the BM biopsy showed fibrosis (grade 2-3) and extensive emperipolesis, with many (36-65%) MKs containing 2-4 leukocytes engulfed within the cytoplasm. Reduced immunolabeling for platelet factor 4 together with normal immunolabeling for CD63 in MKs of two patients demonstrated that GPS MKs display an alpha granule-specific defect. Increased immunolabeling for P-selectin and decreased immunolabeling for PAR1, PAR4 and c-MPL were also observed in MKs of two patients. Marked emperipolesis, specific defect of MK alpha-granule content and defect of PAR1-mediated platelet responses are present in all GPS patients that we could study in detail. These results help to further characterize the disease.
Generation of Locomotor-Like Activity in the Isolated Rat Spinal Cord by Electrical Microstimulations Driven by an Artificial CPG (2013)

International audience
Use of New Antiepileptic Drugs in the Treatment of Childhood Epilepsy (1999)

The management of epilepsy in children requires careful evaluation, classification, and pharmacologic treatment. With classic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), at least 25% of children remain refractory to appropriate therapy. The past decade has allowed the introduction of a number of newer AEDs for treatment of both adults and children with epilepsy. These include felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate, tiagabine, and vigabatrin. Emerging information regarding the efficacy of these AEDs in treating childhood epilepsy syndromes suggests advantages for many patients. Limited data are available that define the optimal use of new AEDs in pediatric patients. Further research must be completed to validate the positive effects described in existing clinical trials of the new AEDs in the treatment of childhood epilepsy.
1A1-C20 Development of the Open Control Software for Surgical Robots (2008)

In this paper, a development of an open control software for surgical robots is presented. With the recent development of advanced medical devices, the connectivity with these devices such as a navigation system or medical imaging devices became important for surgical robots. Also, the safety issue is essential for the control software of medical robots. From these perspectives, we are developing the open control software for overcome these challenges.
Optimizing Automated Call Routing by Integrating Spoken Dialog Models with Queuing Models (2004)

Organizations are increasingly turning to spoken dialog systems for automated call routing to reduce call center costs. To maintain quality service even in cases of failure, these systems often resort to ad-hoc rules for dispatching calls to a human operator. We present a principled procedure for determining when callers should be transferred to operators based on a cost-benefit analysis. The procedure integrates models that predict when a call is likely to fail using spoken dialog features with queuing models of call center volume and service time. We evaluate how the procedure would have performed on cases drawn from logs of interactions with a legacy spoken dialog system.
Constant Load Pedaling Exercise Combined with Electrical Muscle Stimulation Leads to an Early Increase in Sweat Lactate Levels (2022)

A novel exercise modality combined with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been reported to increase cardiovascular and metabolic responses, such as blood lactate concentration. We aimed to examine the effect of constant load pedaling exercise, combined with EMS, by non-invasively and continuously measuring sweat lactate levels. A total of 22 healthy young men (20.7 ± 0.8 years) performed a constant load pedaling exercise for 20 min at 125% of the pre-measured ventilatory work threshold with (EMS condition) and without (control condition) EMS stimulation. Blood lactate concentration was measured by blood samples obtained from the earlobe every minute. Sweat lactate was monitored in real time using a sensor placed on the forearm. The sweat lactate threshold (sLT) was defined as the point of increase in sweat lactate. sLT occurred significantly earlier in the EMS condition than in the control condition. In the single regression analysis, the difference in sLT between the two conditions, as the independent variable, was a significant predictor of the difference in blood lactate concentrations at the end of the exercise (p &lt; 0.05, r = −0.52). Sweat lactate measurement may be a noninvasive and simple alternative to blood lactate measurement to determine the effectiveness of exercise combined with EMS.
A scientometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (2022)

FUS is an emerging treatment of neurological disorders. With its increasing application, the FUS literature is increasing rapidly. Eleven countries contributed to the top 100 cited articles, with the top 2 countries (the United States and Canada) contributing to more than half of these articles.
Targeting of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors for the Development of Novel Antidepressants (2019)

Since discovering that ketamine has robust antidepressant effects, the glutamatergic system has been proposed as an attractive target for the development of novel antidepressants. Among the glutamatergic system, metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are of interest because mGlu receptors play modulatory roles in glutamatergic transmission, consequently, agents acting on mGlu receptors might not exert the adverse effects associated with ketamine. mGlu receptors have eight subtypes that are classified into three groups, and the roles of each mGlu receptor subtype in depression are being investigated. To date, the potential use of mGlu5 receptor antagonists and mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists as antidepressants has been actively investigated, and the mechanisms underlying these antidepressant effects are being delineated. Although the outcomes of clinical trials using an mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator and an mGlu2/3 receptor negative allosteric modulator have not been encouraging, these trials have been inconclusive, and additional trials using other compounds with more appropriate profiles are needed. In contrast, the roles of group III mGlu receptors have not yet been fully elucidated because of a lack of suitable pharmacological tools. Nonetheless, investigations of the use of mGlu4 and mGlu7 receptors as drug targets for the development of antidepressants have been ongoing, and some interesting evidence has been obtained.
Evaluation of Experimental Parameters in the Accelerated Aging of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation (2012)

The thermal conductivity of many closed-cell foam insulation products changes over time as production gases diffuse out of the cell matrix and atmospheric gases diffuse into the cells. Thin slicing has been shown to be an effective means of accelerating this process in such a way as to produce meaningful results. Efforts to produce a more prescriptive version of the ASTM C1303 standard test method led to the ruggedness test described here. This test program included the aging of full size insulation specimens for time periods of five years for direct comparison to the predicted results. Experimental parameters under investigation include: slice thickness, slice origin (at the surface or from the core of the slab), thin slice stack composition, product facings, original product thickness, product density, and product type. The test protocol has been completed and this report provides a detailed evaluation of the impact of the test parameters on the accuracy of the 5-year thermal conductivity prediction.
Selective Transcription and Modulation of Resting T Cell Activity by Preintegrated HIV DNA (2001)

The quiescent nature of most peripheral T cells poses an effective limitation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and, in particular, to viral integration into the host chromatin. Two HIV proteins, Nef and Tat, increase T cell activity, but a requirement of integration for viral gene expression would preclude a role for these proteins in resting cells. Here, we report that HIV infection leads to selective transcription of the nef and tat genes before integration. This preintegration transcription in quiescent cells leads to increased T cell activation and viral replication.
An edge services framework (esf) for egee, lcg, AND osg (2006)

We report on first experiences with building and operating an Edge Services Framework (ESF) based on Xen virtual machines instantiated via the Workspace Service available in Globus Toolkit, and developed as a joint project between EGEE, LCG, and OSG. Many computing facilities are architected with their compute and storage clusters behind firewalls. Edge Services are instantiated on a small set of gateways to provide access to these clusters via standard grid interfaces. Experience on EGEE, LCG, and OSG has shown that at least two issues are of critical importance when designing an infrastructure in support of Edge Services. The first concerns Edge Service configuration. It is impractical to assume that each virtual organization (VO) using a facility will employ the same Edge Service configuration, or that different configurations will coexist easily. Even within a VO, it should be possible to run different versions of the same Edge Service simultaneously. The second issue concerns resource usage: since Edge Services may become a bottleneck to a site, it is essential that an ESF be able to effectively arbitrate resource usage (e.g., memory, CPU, and networking) among different VOs. By providing virtualization on the level of instruction set architecture, virtual machines allow configuration of independent software stacks for each VM executing on a resource. Modern implementations of this abstraction are extremely efficient and have outstanding fine-grained enforcement capabilities. To securely deploy virtual machines, we use the Workspace Service from the Globus Toolkit, which allows a VO administrator to dynamically launch appropriately-configured system images. In addition, we are developing a library of such images, reflecting the needs of presently participating communities ATLAS, CMS, and CDF. We will report on first experiences building and operating this Edge Services Framework.
Humoral trophic influence on cardiovascular structural changes in hypertension. (1984)

Since the early development of structural cardiovascular change in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) indicated the involvement of non-pressure-dependent factors in this process in hypertension, smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the aorta of SHR, SHRSP, and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were investigated under tissue culture conditions free from blood pressure and humoral factors in vivo. By the observation of such factors as growth rate and DNA or protein synthesis vascular SMC from these rats with genetic hypertension were proved to have intrinsically greater growth activity independently of blood pressure. Although serum from SHR and SHRSP had no specific stimulative effect on SMC growth, circulating epinephrine may accelerate cardiovascular structural changes because isoproterenol added to the culture media enhanced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Moreover, SMC from SHR and SHRSP showed greater thymidine incorporation than those from WKY even in response to lower extracellular Na+ concentration. Local nutritional conditions of SMC, which were proved to have a great effect on the morphology and structure of cultured SMC, may be a basic determinant of the development of hypertension-induced structural vascular changes or lesions.
Integrated transition edge sensors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides (2019)

We show the proof-of-principle detection of light at 1550 nm coupled evanescently from a titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide to a superconducting transition edge sensor. The coupling efficiency strongly depends on the polarization, the overlap between the evanescent field, and the detector structure. We experimentally demonstrate polarization sensitivity of this coupling as well as photon-number resolution of the integrated detector. The combination of transition edge sensors and lithium niobate waveguides can open the field for a variety of new quantum optics experiments.
Effectiveness of an mRNA vaccine booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in persons aged ≥60 years and other high-risk groups during predominant circulation of the delta variant in Italy, 19 July to 12 December 2021 (2022)

These results support the ongoing vaccination campaign in Italy, where the administration of a booster dose four months after completion of primary vaccination is recommended.
Compensating for distortions in interpolation of two-dimensional signals using improved iterative techniques (2010)

In this paper we extended a previously investigated modular method that is designed to compensate for interpolation distortions of one-dimensional signals, to two dimensions (2-D). Next the proposed 2-D modular technique was applied in an iterative fashion and was shown through both simulations and theoretical analyses to enhance the convergence of the iterative technique. In fact, with only a few modules we were able to achieve drastic improvements in signal reconstruction, and with a much less computational complexity. Moreover, both the simulations and the theoretical analysis confirmed the robustness of the proposed scheme against additive noise.