gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration Power of Meditation: Materialization of Energy/Intentions (2013)

Different tiny particles of stable matter, one of which we have identified as pure gold, have been found at several meditation sites where a yoga Guru and his followers were meditating. Among the alternative explanations for the appearance of these particles are: (1) When a meditator who has achieved a high level of consciousness delves deep into meditation, the energy drawn from the five elements or forces of nature is created part of which condenses in the form of tiny particles. In this instance there is no deliberate intention to materialize the particles, (2) In the case of followers the phenomena of synchronization/stochastic resonance may explain the appearance of these particles since they are part of the same network of the yoga Guru. However, the followers being at varying but lower levels of consciousness, their biological/physiological systems are unable to harness the much higher energy of the yoga Guru rejecting the excess energy which results in the materialization of different types of particles. It is also possible that in the case of the followers this is an instance of materialization of intention since the news of these particles first appearing around the yoga Guru would have traveled to the deep recesses of the followers’ consciousness. Further studies under controlled conditions are needed to confirm the observations. The work points to the intriguing possibility of meditation at the disposal of outstanding scientists leading to breakthrough solutions to significant human challenges such as renewable energy, desalination of sea water, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Cumyl Analogue in Nitrothiazole Series and SRN1 Reaction at Tertiary Carbon. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HIF-2α Blows Out the Flames of Adipose Tissue Macrophages to Keep Obesity in a Safe Zone (2014)

In 1993, Hotamisligil et al. (1) broke new ground by linking immune response and metabolism. A striking observation in this early study was the upregulation of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in adipose tissue (AT) of obese and insulin-resistant animals. Although adipocytes were thought to be the major source of inflammatory cytokines in fat, Weisberg et al. (2) later showed that macrophages accumulate in the AT of obese animals, creating a state of low-grade inflammation that could trigger insulin resistance. Since then, the concept of “immunometabolism” has gradually evolved, and many types of immune cells have been shown to contribute to AT inflammation and insulin resistance (3). For instance, macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines and other factors, which could impair insulin sensitivity. In light of this evidence, it has been suggested that decreasing inflammation in AT could attenuate the diabetic state. In support of this idea is the fact that anti-inflammatory drugs appear to have provided proof-of-concept that inflammation is linked to the deleterious effects of insulin resistance in animals (4,5). Paradoxically, recent studies suggest that inflammation is also required for maintaining AT homeostasis (6–8). These complex findings emphasize the need for a more nuanced understanding of the role immune cells play in the development of insulin resistance.

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have been categorized into two distinct populations: proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2). While ATM subpopulations have overlapping inflammatory …
Distal Radioulnar Joint Replacement (2007)

The resection of the ulnar head, as described by Darrach, has unfortunately become the standard of care despite the frequent problems of ulnar stump instability following this procedure. To offer better treatment to our patients, we have to appreciate the various roles and the importance of the ulnar head for the function of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) in mechanically loaded forearm rotation. The ulnar head forms the load-bearing keystone of the DRUJ and the distal forearm, important for maintaining adequate tension within the radioulnar ligaments and the interosseous membrane. A DRUJ implant replacing the ulnar head should and has to be the fixed point and load-bearing part of the joint and will be exerted to large mechanical loads making a neutralization of these forces necessary. A partial resurfacing implant for the DRUJ can be used for primary procedures. The resection is minimal, and further, the attachments of the stabilizing ligaments, the triangular fibrocartilage complex in particular, are preserved with a maintained anatomy and stability. For revision and salvage procedure, a modular ulnar head can be used, which restores the ulnar head offset and stabilizes the ulnar stump, restoring a pain-free DRUJ. The modularity of these 2 implants addresses the majority of indications for prosthesis in the DRUJ.
A Reversed-Phase HPLC Method For Determining Camptothecin In Plasma With Specificity For the Intact Lactone Form of the Drug (1991)

Abstract Camptothecin is a pentacyclic indole alkaloid with a terminal α-hydroxy-δ-lactone ring, which in aqueous media at physiological pH, exists in equilibrium with the dissociated open-lactone carboxylate. the rate of equilibration between the two components is slow enough to permit their separation by reversed-phase HPLC. Selective determination of the intact lactone form of the drug was achieved by direct analysis of plasma samples immediately upon deproteinization with a solution of the internal standard in methanol chilled to −70°C. Acidification of the sample to pH 2 with perchloric acid prior to protein precipitation effected complete lactonization of the carboxylate and, therefore, provided a measure of total drug levels. Plasma concentrations of the carboxylate may be calculated from the difference between total drug and intact lactone determinations. Chromatography was performed on a 5 μm Ultrasphere ODS column (4.6 mm × 25 cm) preceded by a 1.5 cm RP-18 Brownlee Guard column with an eluent composed of acetonitrile-0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.5 (28:72, v/v) with 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. the drug was monitored by fluorescence detection with excitation at 347 nm and a 418 nm emission cutoff filter. Approximately 3.0 hr was required to assay an 8 point standard curve and a drug-free plasma sample. Employing 50 μl of plasma, the lowest concentration on the camptothecin lactone and total drug standard curves, 2.82 nM (0.49 ng/ml), was quantified with 3.79 and 5.58% coefficients of variation, respectively. the method has been shown to be specific and reproducible.
Modeling relationships at multiple scales to improve accuracy of large recommender systems (2007)

The collaborative filtering approach to recommender systems predicts user preferences for products or services by learning past user-item relationships. In this work, we propose novel algorithms for predicting user ratings of items by integrating complementary models that focus on patterns at different scales. At a local scale, we use a neighborhood-based technique that infers ratings from observed ratings by similar users or of similar items. Unlike previous local approaches, our method is based on a formal model that accounts for interactions within the neighborhood, leading to improved estimation quality. At a higher, regional, scale, we use SVD-like matrix factorization for recovering the major structural patterns in the user-item rating matrix. Unlike previous approaches that require imputations in order to fill in the unknown matrix entries, our new iterative algorithm avoids imputation. Because the models involve estimation of millions, or even billions, of parameters, shrinkage of estimated values to account for sampling variability proves crucial to prevent overfitting. Both the local and the regional approaches, and in particular their combination through a unifying model, compare favorably with other approaches and deliver substantially better results than the commercial Netflix Cinematch recommender system on a large publicly available data set.
Individualized Dialysis for CAPD Patients: A Review of the Experience at the University of Missouri (1984)

The efficiency of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) depends on dialysate flow rate or daily drainage volume. With an increase in the volume of an exchange, the number of exchanges can be diminished while retaining the efficiency of dialysis. A great variation among patients in metabolic generation rate, residual renal function, intraperitoneal volume tolerance, and peritoneal mass transfer necessitates an individualization of dialysis schedule. Changes in serum urea and creatinine concentrations combined with clinical assessment are usually sufficient guides for the prescription of dialysate flow rate to achieve adequate dialysis. Only if the reason of underdialysis is not apparent, the evaluation of peritoneal dialysis kinetics may be needed for optimized treatment.
Evaluation of a Fourier-Transform-Based Pattern-Recognition Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Data (1987)

A pattern-recognition algorithm for two-dimensional fluorescence data previously reported is critically evaluated. The three spectral matching criteria—sum of the absolute value of the imaginary coefficients of the frequency-domain correlation function, sum of the absolute value of the real-negative coefficients of the frequency-domain correlation function, and the intervector distance between the abbreviated Fourier transforms of two spectra—are calculated. Spectra simulated with a computer as well as data acquired with a video fluorometer are examined. Results indicate that all three parameters are sensitive to changes in peak position, peak width, relative peak height, and intensity of background noises.
Formal Specifications for Hybrid Dynamical Systems. (1997)

Modeling abstractions in physical systems result in hybrid models which encompass continuous behaviors with discrete changes, causing discontinuities in system behavior generation which violate the physical laws of conservation of energy and continuity of power. This paper develops a formal specification for handling discrete model configuration changes at well-defined points in time, and a consistent transfer of the continuous system state from a previous model con guration to a new one based on the principle of invariance of state. Simulation algorithms designed to operate on hybrid models define behavior generation schemes that operate on the interval (continuous) to point (discrete) to interval (continuous) switches on the time line.
Magnetic Properties of a Diluted Nd System Y1−xNdxCo2Zn20 for x = 0.20 with a \(\Gamma _{6}\) Doublet Ground State (2020)

Magnetic susceptibility , isothermal magnetization M, and specific heat C of a diluted 4 f 3 system Y 1-x Nd x Co 2 Zn 20 were measured. For x = 0.19, (T ) in B || [100] = 0.1 T follows the Curie-Weiss law between 50 and 300 K. The effective magnetic moment of 3.95 B /Nd and the paramagnetic Curie temperature of -13.4 K, respectively, indicate the trivalent state of the Nd ion and antiferro-type interaction between the Nd magnetic moments. The magnetic specific heat divided by temperature, C m /T , for x = 0.20 shows a broad maximum at 13 K, which can be moderately reproduced by the CEF parameters for NdCo 2 Zn 20 , indicating the 6 doublet ground state. The set of data of M(B) for B || [100], B || [110], and B || [111] are fitted well using the CEF parameters and the ferro-type intersite interaction. No phase transition was observed down to the lowest temperature of 0.068 K. C m /T for B = 0 diverges on cooling for T 2 K more strongly than -lnT . The maximum in C m /T at B 2 T is well reproduced by the calculation with the CEF model including the Zeeman effect. The magnetic entropy S m for B = 0 is 0.15Rln2 at T = 0.068 K, indicating the masking of the two-channel Kondo effect by the intersite interaction between the Nd magnetic moments.
Isolation of Bluetongue virus from canine abortions (2013)

Three aborted canine fetuses were submitted to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University in November 2011 and September 2012 for diagnostic workups to determine the causes of the reproductive difficulties. Histological assessments of the sampled tissues were inconclusive due to the autolysis. Tests to detect bacterial causes of the abortions were also negative. Virus isolation testing on pooled tissues from the fetuses identified a cytopathogenic agent in cell cultures. Fluorescent antibody tests on the infected cells gave a positive reaction for Bluetongue virus, and subsequent serotype specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays identified the isolates as Bluetongue virus serotype 11. The current report describes the isolation of Bluetongue virus from dogs unrelated to contaminated vaccines and in the absence of a raw meat diet.
Nanosized Spinel Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material Prepared by Gel-polymer Method using Furfuryl Alcohol as Polymerizable Solvent (2012)

Nanosized Li4Ti5O12 powders are synthesized by a polymerization-based method using titanium butoxide and lithium nitrate as precursors and furfuryl alcohol as a polymerizable solvent. The prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Braunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The electrochemical performances of these Li4Ti5O12 powders are also studied. The effect of different surfactants including citric acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on the structure and properties is also investigated. It is found that pure spinel phase of Li4Ti5O12 is obtained at an annealing temperature of 700 ï¿½C or higher. The use of surfactants can improve the powder morphology of nanosized particles with less agglomeration. With suitable annealing temperature and the addition of surfactant, Li4Ti5O12 powders with high BET surface area and favorable electrochemical performance can be obtained.
Atmospheric Field Variations before the March 31, 2002 M6.8 Earthquake in Taiwan (2004)

Atmospheric electric field (AEF) observations and other concurrent measurements have been carried out in Taiwan over a three-year period in the context of seismo-electromagnetic studies. Generally, AEF variations appear to be due to meteorological effects. However, there seems to have been a correlation between AEF and the largest M6.
System modeling and analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer design (2011)

Physical layer structure usually is first considered to design a standard SoC in wireless sensor networks, while few practical works can be referenced. This paper presents detailed functional system modeling which obeys IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and performance analysis of three physical layer bands. Emphatically, the system includes a novel algorithm of de-spreading with minimum hamming distance and an implementation of half-sine pulse shaping filters. According to the simulation results, error control coding like BCH is recommended to use to enhance the data accuracy, and the low complexity filters can effectively improve the system performance. The contribution of this paper is providing valuable reference for the further design on wireless sensor network baseband chips.
One Search Engine or Two for Question-Answering (2000)

We present here a preliminary analysis of the results of our runs in the Question Answering track of TREC9. We have developed a complete system, including our own indexer and search engine, GuruQA, which provides document result lists that our Answer Selection module processes to identify answer fragments. Some TREC participants use a standard set of result lists provided by AT&amp;amp;T&amp;apos;s running of the SMART search engine. We wondered how our results would be affected by using the AT&amp;amp;T result sets. For a variety of reasons we could not replace GuruQA&amp;apos;s results with SMART&amp;apos;s, but we could use document co-occurrence counts to influence our hit-lists. We submitted two runs to NIST for both the 50- and 250-byte cases, one with and one without consideration of the AT&amp;amp;T document result sets. The AT&amp;amp;T document set was only used for a subset of about a third of the questions. This subset exhibited an increase in Mean Reciprocal Answer Rank score of 13% and 8% for the two tasks.
Chemical Proportionality within Molecular Networks (2021)

Molecular networking of non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry data connects structurally related molecules based on similar fragmentation spectra. Here we report the Chemical Proportionality contextualization of molecular networks. ChemProp scores the changes of abundance between two connected nodes over sequential data series which can be displayed as a direction within the network to prioritize potential biological and chemical transformations or proportional changes of related compounds. We tested the ChemProp workflow on a ground truth data set of defined mixture and highlighted the utility of the tool to prioritize specific molecules within biological samples, including bacterial transformations of bile acids, human drug metabolism and bacterial natural products biosynthesis. The ChemProp workflow is freely available through the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking environment.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;
The extraordinary linear polarisation structure of the southern Centaurus A lobe revealed by ASKAP (2018)

We present observations of linear polarisation in the southern radio lobe of Centaurus A, conducted during commissioning of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. We used 16 antennas to observe a 30 square degree region in a single 12 hour pointing over a 240 MHz band centred on 913 MHz. Our observations achieve an angular resolution of $26\times33$ arcseconds (480 parsecs), a maximum recoverable angular scale of 30 arcminutes, and a full-band sensitivity of 85 $\muup$Jy beam$^{-1}$. The resulting maps of polarisation and Faraday rotation are amongst the most detailed ever made for radio lobes, with of order 10$^5$ resolution elements covering the source. We describe several as-yet unreported observational features of the lobe, including its detailed peak Faraday depth structure, and intricate networks of depolarised filaments. These results demonstrate the exciting capabilities of ASKAP for widefield radio polarimetry.
Distinct Uptake Mechanisms but Similar Intracellular Processing of Two Different Toll-like Receptor Ligand-Peptide Conjugates in Dendritic Cells (2007)

Covalent conjugation of Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-L) to synthetic antigenic peptides strongly improves antigen presentation in vitro and T lymphocyte priming in vivo. These molecularly well defined TLR-L-peptide conjugates, constitute an attractive vaccination modality, sharing the peptide antigen and a defined adjuvant in one single molecule. We have analyzed the intracellular trafficking and processing of two TLR-L conjugates in dendritic cells (DCs). Long synthetic peptides containing an ovalbumin cytotoxic T-cell epitope were chemically conjugated to two different TLR-Ls the TLR2 ligand, Pam(3)CysSK(4) (Pam) or the TLR9 ligand CpG. Rapid and enhanced uptake of both types of TLR-L-conjugated peptide occurred in DCs. Moreover, TLR-L conjugation greatly enhanced antigen presentation, a process that was dependent on endosomal acidification, proteasomal cleavage, and TAP translocation. The uptake of the CpG approximately conjugate was independent of endosomally-expressed TLR9 as reported previously. Unexpectedly, we found that Pam approximately conjugated peptides were likewise internalized independently of the expression of cell surface-expressed TLR2. Further characterization of the uptake mechanisms revealed that TLR2-L employed a different uptake route than TLR9-L. Inhibition of clathrin- or caveolin-dependent endocytosis greatly reduced uptake and antigen presentation of the Pam-conjugate. In contrast, internalization and antigen presentation of CpG approximately conjugates was independent of clathrin-coated pits but partly dependent on caveolae formation. Importantly, in contrast to the TLR-independent uptake of the conjugates, TLR expression and downstream TLR signaling was required for dendritic cell maturation and for priming of naïve CD8(+) T-cells. Together, our data show that targeting to two distinct TLRs requires distinct uptake mechanism but follows similar trafficking and intracellular processing pathways leading to optimal antigen presentation and T-cell priming.
An Eccentric Binary Millisecond Pulsar in the Galactic Plane (2008)

Binary pulsar systems are superb probes of stellar and binary evolution and the physics of extreme environments. In a survey with the Arecibo telescope, we have found PSR J1903+0327, a radio pulsar with a rotational period of 2.15 milliseconds in a highly eccentric (e = 0.44) 95-day orbit around a solar mass (M(middle dot in circle)) companion. Infrared observations identify a possible main-sequence companion star. Conventional binary stellar evolution models predict neither large orbital eccentricities nor main-sequence companions around millisecond pulsars. Alternative formation scenarios involve recycling a neutron star in a globular cluster, then ejecting it into the Galactic disk, or membership in a hierarchical triple system. A relativistic analysis of timing observations of the pulsar finds its mass to be 1.74 +/- 0.04 M solar symbol, an unusually high value.
Consecutive Spray Drying to Produce Coated Dry Powder Vaccines Suitable for Oral Administration (2018)

Current global vaccination programs are challenged by costs associated with vaccine cold chain storage and administration. A solid, thermally stable oral dosage form for vaccines would alleviate these costs but is difficult to produce due to general vaccine instability and the complication of bypassing the gastric barrier. We developed a novel consecutive spray drying method that is suitable for use with biologics and employs Eudragit L100 polymer as the enteric coating. More specifically, in step 1, recombinant replication deficient human type-5 adenovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus were encapsulated by spray drying with sugars from a water solution, and in step 2, the microparticles from step 1 were suspended in ethanol with Eudragit and spray dried again. Up to 25% of the starting material was fully encapsulated within the enteric coating, and encapsulation efficiency was largely dependent on spray gas flow rate and the solids concentration in the feed. After step 2, the coated vaccine-sugar particles maintained their thermostability and were slightly larger in size with a rugous surface morphology compared to the particles produced in step 1. The coated particles retained viral vector activity in vitro after 15 min incubation in 1 M HCl (simulating the stomach environment) and anhydrous ethanol (to dissolve the Eudragit outer shell). The production of dry, orally administered vaccine particles from consecutive spray drying offers the potential to remedy a number of vaccine storage, transportation, and administration limitations.