gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
13C-NMR, MS and metabolic flux balancing in biotechnology research (1998)

The European Federation of Biotechnology defines biotechnology as ‘the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services’. Biotechnology thus focuses on the industrial exploitation of biological systems and is based on their unique expertise in specific molecular recognition and catalysis. The enormous potential for drug synthesis, design of biomedical diagnostics, large-scale production of biochemicals including fuels, food production, degradation of resistant wastes and extraction of raw materials will very likely make biotechnology, along with electronics and material sciences, one of the key technologies of the 21st century. From the chemical engineer's point of view, the living system participating in a biotechnological process is the central unit that catalyses chemical reactions. It exhibits a complex dependence on the bioprocess parameters, and the engineer focuses on these parameters to achieve optimal control (Hamer, 1985; Bailey &amp; Ollis, 1986). For the natural scientist, the living system itself is in the centre of interest, so that attempts to optimize a bioprocess aim at its appropriate redesign by genetic manipulations. The increase in penicillin production by strain improvement based on random mutagenesis, which was pursued from 1940 to the mid 1970s, represents an early contribution of life scientists to improve a bioprocess that is of utmost medical importance (Hardy &amp; Oliver, 1985).
Prediction of the effective postoperative (intraocular lens) anterior chamber depth (2006)

The postoperative ACD was significantly correlated with and hence predictable by a 5-variable regression method incorporating the preoperative axial length, ACD, keratometry reading, lens thickness, and refraction as the most significant variables. The statistical relationship can be used to create a new ACD prediction algorithm to incorporate in a modern "thick lens" IOL power calculation formula with significant improvement in the accuracy of the refractive predictions as a result.
Analyse expérimentale par vibrométrie laser des propriétés acoustiques des cavités irrégulières (2016)

International audience
Chloroquine inhibits T cell proliferation by interfering with IL-2 production and responsiveness (1995)

Chloroquine (Chl) is an anti-rheumatic drug that is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It seems that T cells are important in the pathogenesis of RA, but it is not known whether Chl acts via inhibition of T cell function. We here present evidence that Chl, just like cyclosporine A (CsA), inhibits T cell proliferation as induced with immobilized alpha CD3 MoAb in a concentration-dependent manner, at least partly through interfering with the production of IL-2 protein and the induction of IL-2 mRNA. Furthermore, Chl impedes the responsiveness of T cell clones to IL-2 since (1) the inhibition of alpha CD3 MoAb-induced proliferation by Chl could not be reversed by rIL-2 and (2) Chl directly blocks IL-2-driven proliferation of cloned T cells. Chl appeared to interfere with the internalization (50% inhibition) and degradation (total blockade) of rIL-2. Finally, the combination of Chl and CsA synergistically inhibited T cell proliferation. We conclude that Chl may inhibit functional properties of human T cells, although the drug is 100- to 1000-fold less potent than CsA in inhibiting T cell proliferation and IL-2 production, respectively. It is speculated that the in vitro effects of Chl might be relevant in explaining the anti-rheumatic effect of this drug in patients with RA.
Effect of diet on fecal and urinary estrogenic activity (2010)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has identified estrogens from animal feeding operations as a major environmental concern, but few data are available to quantify the excretion of estrogenic compounds by dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to quantify variation in estrogenic activity in feces and urine due to increased dietary inclusion of phytoestrogens. Ten Holstein heifers were assigned to 2 groups balanced for age and days pregnant; groups were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a 2-period crossover design. Dietary treatments consisted of grass hay or red clover hay, and necessary supplements. Total collection allowed for sampling of feed refusals, feces, and urine during the last 4 d of each period. Feces and urine samples were pooled by heifer and period, and base extracts were analyzed for estrogenic activity (estrogen equivalents) using the yeast estrogen screen bioassay. Feces and urine samples collected from 5 heifers were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify excretion of 7 phytoestrogenic compounds. Excretion of 17-beta estradiol equivalents in urine was higher and tended to be higher in feces for heifers fed red clover hay (84.4 and 120.2 mg/d for feces and urine, respectively) compared with those fed grass hay (57.4 and 35.6 mg/d). Analysis by LC-MS/MS indicated greater fecal excretion of equol, genistein, daidzein, coumestrol, and formononetin by heifers fed red clover hay (1634, 29.9, 96.3, 27.8, and 163 mg/d, respectively) than heifers fed grass hay (340, 3.0, 46.2, 8.8, and 18.3 mg/d, respectively). Diet had no effect on fecal biochanin A or 2-carbethoxy-5, 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone. Four phytoestrogens were detected in urine (2-carbethoxy-5, 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, daidzein, equol, and formononetin) and their excretion was not affected by diet. Identifying sources of variation in estrogenic activity of manure will aid in the development of practices to reduce environmental estrogen accumulation.
Practical broadcast authentication in sensor networks (2005)

Broadcast authentication is a critical security service in sensor networks; it allows a sender to broadcast messages to multiple nodes in an authenticated way. /spl mu/TESLA and multi-level /spl mu/TESLA have been proposed to provide such services for sensor networks. However, none of these techniques are scalable in terms of the number of senders. Though multi-level /spl mu/TESLA schemes can scale up to large sensor networks (in terms of receivers), they either use substantial bandwidth and storage at sensor nodes, or require significant resources at senders to deal with DOS attacks. This paper presents efficient techniques to support a potentially large number of broadcast senders using /spl mu/TESLA instances as building blocks. The proposed techniques are immune to the DOS attacks. This paper also provides two approaches, a revocation tree based scheme and a proactive distribution based scheme, to revoke the broadcast authentication capability from compromised senders. The proposed techniques are implemented, and evaluated through simulation on TinyOS. The analysis and experiment show that these techniques are efficient and practical, and can achieve better performance than the previous approaches.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy:  Instrumentation, Theory, and Applications (2003)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy permits vibrational imaging with high-sensitivity, high speed, and three-dimensional spatial resolution. We review recent advances in CARS microscopy, including experimental design, theoretical understanding of contrast mechanisms, and applications to chemical and biological systems. We also review the development of multiplex CARS microspectroscopy, which allows high-speed characterization of microscopic samples, and CARS correlation spectroscopy, which probes fast diffusion dynamics with vibrational selectivity.
Transformations of inorganic coal constituents in combustion systems (1992)

Results from an experimental investigation of the mechanisms governing the ash aerosol size segregated composition resulting from the combustion of pulverized coal in a laboratory scale down-flow combustor are described. The results of modeling activities used to interpret the results of the experiments conducted under his subtask are also described in this section. Although results from the entire program are included, Phase II studies which emphasized: (1) alkali behavior, including a study of the interrelationship between potassium vaporization and sodium vaporization; and (2) iron behavior, including an examination of the extent of iron-aluminosilicate interactions, are highlighted. Idealized combustion determination of ash particle formation and surface stickiness are also described.
Conductivity-type anisotropy in molecular solids (1997)

Thin polycrystalline films of perylenetetracarboxylic dianyhydride (PTCDA), an organic molecular solid, exhibits substantial anisotropies in its electronic transport properties. Only electrons transport in the directions along molecular planes, while mainly holes transport in the direction normal to molecular planes. A series of measurements on both field effect transistors with PTCDA active layers and light emitting diodes with PTCDA transport layers documents the anisotropy seen in the electronic transport in thin films of PTCDA.
Effect of Reovirus Infection on Pulmonary Tumor Response to Urethan in Strain A Mice2 (1978)

The effect of reovirus type 3 infection on the pulmonary adenoma response to urethan in strain A mice was examined. Urethan carcinogenesis in this system was suppressed from 30 to 60% when mice were exposed to reovirus either 6 days before, on the same day as, or 14 days after urethan administration. These findings suggested that reovirus infection interfered with the progression of urethan-induced pulmonary adenoma rather than the induction of lung tumors by urethan. When mice received multiple exposures to reovirus, the lung tumor response was enhanced. These findings indicated that reovirus infection in particular and virus infection in general may play an important role in the carcinogenic response to environmental chemicals.
Simultaneous Elution of Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds from Soil by Cyclodextrin (1997)

A major factor complicating the cleanup of many sites is the co-occurrence of organic compounds and heavy metals, so-called mixed wastes. We investigated the ability of cyclodextrin to simultaneously remove heavy metals and low-polarity organic compounds from contaminated soil. The results of the experiments showed that cyclodextrin could greatly enhance the simultaneous desorption and elution of the model organic compound (phenanthrene) and the model heavy metal (cadmium) from the three soils examined. The soils consisted of a sandy aquifer material containing minimal organic carbon and clay, a soil with a relatively high clay content (10.2%), and a soil with a relatively high organic carbon content (1.4%). Elution of phenanthrene that was in contact with soil for 38 days exhibited greater tailing than the unaged phenanthrene when water was the flushing solution, indicating greater resistance to desorption and removal. Conversely, the elution curves for the aged and unaged phenanthrene were essentially identical for the cyclodextrin solution. Aging appeared to have no significant impact on cadmium elution behavior for either solution. In a majority of cases, the measured enhanced-removal factors for the contaminant elution curves were similar to the values expected based on complexation/solubilization theory.
Towards a Tunable Tautomeric Switch in Azobenzene Biomimetics: Implications for the Binding Affinity of 2‐(4′‐Hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic Acid to Streptavidin (2007)

The tautomeric equilibria of 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) and 2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (3',5'-dimethyl-HABA) have been studied by a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. For neutral HABA in solvents of different polarity (toluene, chloroform, DMSO, DMF, butanol, and ethanol) the azo tautomer (AT) is largely predominant. For monoanionic HABA, the hydrazone tautomer (HT) is the only detected species in apolar solvents such as toluene and chloroform, while the AT is the only detected species in water and a mixture of both tautomers is detected in ethanol. Comparison of the results obtained for HABA and its 3',5'-dimethylated derivative shows that dimethylation of the hydroxybenzene ring shifts the tautomeric preferences towards the hydrazone species. These findings have been used to examine the differences in binding affinity to streptavidin, as the lower affinity of HABA can be explained in terms of the larger energetic cost associated with the tautomeric shift to the bioactive hydrazone species. Overall, these results suggest that a balanced choice of chemical substituents, embedding environment, and pH can be valuable for exploitation of the azo-hydrazone tautomerism of HABA biomimetics in biotechnological applications.
Guest Editorial (2018)

This Transaction’s Mini-Special Issue includes a selection of papers presented last year at the 2017 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC 2017) held in the Hawaii Convention Center, Honolulu, HI, USA, on June 4–6, 2017. The main theme of the 2017 RFIC Symposium was emerging 5G technology.
Identification and characterization of anti-platelet antibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients. (2012)

Each colony showed a DNA band that corresponded with the molecular size marker for 5.4 kbase pairs, and this suggested the presence of heavy and light antibody chains in the phage.
Characterization of Contrast Agent Microbubbles for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy Research (2016)

The high efficiency with which gas microbubbles can scatter ultrasound compared with the surrounding blood pool or tissues has led to their widespread employment as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging. In recent years, their applications have been extended to include super-resolution imaging and the stimulation of localized bio-effects for therapy. The growing exploitation of contrast agents in ultrasound and in particular these recent developments have amplified the need to characterize and fully understand microbubble behavior. The aim in doing so is to more fully exploit their utility for both diagnostic imaging and potential future therapeutic applications. This paper presents the key characteristics of microbubbles that determine their efficacy in diagnostic and therapeutic applications and the corresponding techniques for their measurement. In each case, we have presented information regarding the methods available and their respective strengths and limitations, with the aim of presenting information relevant to the selection of appropriate characterization methods. First, we examine methods for determining the physical properties of microbubble suspensions and then techniques for acoustic characterization of both suspensions and single microbubbles. The next section covers characterization of microbubbles as therapeutic agents, including as drug carriers for which detailed understanding of their surface characteristics and drug loading capacity is required. Finally, we discuss the attempts that have been made to allow comparison across the methods employed by various groups to characterize and describe their microbubble suspensions and promote wider discussion and comparison of microbubble behavior.
Evaluation of an automated seed loader for seed calibration in prostate brachytherapy (2006)

Automated seed loaders for permanent prostate implants are now commercially available. Besides improved radiation safety, these systems offer seed assay capability and ease of needle loading, making preplanned as well as intra-operative implant procedures more time-efficient. The Isoloader (Mentor Corp., CA) uses individual seeds (SL-125 ProstaSeed) loaded in up to 199 chambers inside a shielded cartridge. The unit performs seed counting and calibration using a built-in solid-state detector. In order to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of the calibration process, two test cartridges were measured with the Isoloader itself and compared with a well-type ionization chamber (HDR-1000Plus, Standard Imaging). The air kerma strength measurements for all seeds using the Isoloader had a standard deviation of about 2.7%. For the eight seeds assayed more intensively using both the Isoloader and well chamber, the standard deviations of the measurements for each seed were in the range of 0.8% to 2.8% and 0.6% to 1.3%, respectively. The variation in the Isoloader calibration is attributed to small detector solid angle and bead geometry within seed capsules (verified by radiographs). The reproducibility of the air kerma strength measured by the Isoloader was comparable to that from the well chamber and was clinically acceptable. Seed strength measured with the Isoloader was on average larger than that measured with the well chamber, indicating that the accuracy of the Isoloader was clinically acceptable. PACS numbers: 87.53.Jw, 87.53.Xd, 87.56.Fc
The structure and biology of insulin (1971)

Research Article| December 01 1971 The structure and biology of insulin T L Blundell; T L Blundell 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J F Cutfield; J F Cutfield 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G G Dodson; G G Dodson 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E Dodson; E Dodson 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D C Hodgkin; D C Hodgkin 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D Mercola D Mercola 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1971) 125 (3): 50P–51P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1250050P Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T L Blundell, J F Cutfield, G G Dodson, E Dodson, D C Hodgkin, D Mercola; The structure and biology of insulin. Biochem J 1 December 1971; 125 (3): 50P–51P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1250050P Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 London: The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cyanogen bromide treatment of N-acetylmethionyl residues without cleavage (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanogen bromide treatment of N-acetylmethionyl residues without cleavageFrederick H. Carpenter and Stanley M. ShiigiCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 25, 5159–5164Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00722a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (685 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pareto optimal design space exploration of cyber-physical systems (2020)

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrate a variety of engineering areas such as control, mechanical, and computer engineering in a holistic design effort. While interdependencies between the different disciplines are key attributes of CPS design science, little is known about the impact of design decisions of the cyber part on the overall performance qualities of the system. To investigate these dependencies, this paper proposes a simulation-based Design Space Exploration (DSE) framework that considers detailed cyber system parameters such as cache size, bus width, and voltage levels in addition to physical and control parameters of the CPS. We propose a DSE algorithm that explores the parameter configurations of the cyber-physical sub-system in order to approximate the Pareto-optimal design points with respect to design objectives such as energy consumption and control stability. For validation, we have successfully applied the proposed framework to an inverted-pendulum application. Here, our holistic evaluation of the Pareto-optimal points reveals the presence of non-trivial trade-offs that are imposed by the control, physical, and detailed cyber parameters. For instance, the identified energy and control optimal design points comprise configurations with a wide range of CPU speeds, sampling rates, and cache configurations following non-trivial zigzag patterns. The proposed framework could identify and manage these trade-offs and, as a result, is an imperative first step to automate the search for superior cyber-physical system configurations.
Natural Language Processing with Java and LingPipe Cookbook (2014)

Over 60 effective recipes to develop your Natural Language Processing (NLP) skills quickly and effectively About This BookBuild effective natural language processing applicationsTransit from ad-hoc methods to advanced machine learning techniquesUse advanced techniques such as logistic regression, conditional random fields, and latent Dirichlet allocationWho This Book Is ForThis book is for experienced Java developers with NLP needs, whether academics, industrialists, or hobbyists. A basic knowledge of NLP terminology will be beneficial. In Detail NLP is at the core of web search, intelligent personal assistants, marketing, and much more, and LingPipe is a toolkit for processing text using computational linguistics.This book starts with the foundational but powerful techniques of language identification, sentiment classifiers, and evaluation frameworks. It goes on to detail how to build a robust framework to solve common NLP problems, before ending with advanced techniques for complex heterogeneous NLP systems.This is a recipe and tutorial book for experienced Java developers with NLP needs. A basic knowledge of NLP terminology will be beneficial. This book will guide you through the process of how to build NLP apps with minimal fuss and maximal impact.