gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of levosimendan in shocked patients with compromised left ventricular function and requiring catecholamine support - A case series (2005)

Objective: Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer that improves cardiac contractility without increasing intracellular calcium level, hence energy demand. Theoretically, it is safer to use levosimendan than catecholamine in shocked patients who require inotrope support. Studies on the use of levosimendan in shocked patients are, however, limited. In this case series, we describe the pre- and post-infusion effects of levosimendan in shocked patients with reduced cardiac function and requiring catecholamine inotrope support. Design: A case-series report. Setting: The intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. Patients: Fifteen shocked patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and requiring catecholamine inotrope support were reviewed retrospectively. Intervention: 24 hour intravenous infusion of levosimendan with concomitant noradrenaline infusion. Results: In response to 24-h levosimendan infusion, the left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 25.7 ± 11.0% to 29.8 ± 8.6% (P = 0.0389), and the plasma B-type natriuretic peptide reduced from 993 ± 389 to 644 ± 408 pg/ml (P = 0.0015). The blood lactate also demonstrated a significant decrease. During infusion, the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was maintained above 65 mmHg by concomitant noradrenaline infusion. The noradrenaline dosages required to maintain the MAP were reduced at the end of infusion. No adverse event related to the drug was seen during the infusion. Conclusion: Levosimendan leads to an improvement in the hemodynamic status of the shocked patients with compromised left ventricular function. This improvement was reflected by an improvement in LVEF, the favorable changes in BNP and blood lactate levels. Levosimendan is safe to use and may present an alternative to catecholamine inotropes in the management of shocked patients with reduced cardiac function and requiring inotrope support.
Analysis of risk factors that cause myopia in pre-school children and primary school students (2019)

The article summarizes literature data on significant risk factors that cause myopia in children; it also dwells on an algorithm that can be applied by ophthalmologists, pediatricians, family doctors, and medical optometrists to determine risk groups as per myopia, to accomplish dynamic observation, and to implement medical and prophylaxis activities aimed at its prevention. A hereditary factor in myopia development is considered to be the most significant one. There are also several other significant factors such as refraction being greater than +0.75 diopter at an age 6-10; an anterior-posterior axis of the eye being longer than 23.5 mm; pseudo-myopia; relative accommodation resources being lower than 1.0 diopter; axial length over cornea radius ratio (AL/CR) being higher than 3; accommodative convergence over accommodation ratio (AC/A) being higher than 4 pr.diopter / diopter; relative peripheral hypermetropia and off-axis refraction asymmetry when the nasal side of the eye is higher than the temporal one. We paid special attention to influences exerted by the environment and urbanization. High educational and social status of a family results in elevated risks of myopia. We also spotted out several risk factors that could be eliminated; they were hypodynamia under great visual loads and a period of time spent outdoors being shorter than 10 hours a week. Reliable preventive measures include parents' control over visual activities of a child; imposing limits on visual loads; outdoor activities for not less than 10-14 hours a week; physical exercises and doing some sports; home training to improve accommodation; correction aimed at compensating peripheral hypermetropia and /or inducing myopic defocus; local medical treatment. Early detection of risk factors and direct or indirect influence on them allow preventing myopia or postponing its development for an older age; it results in lower frequency of significant myopia and reduces a number of complicated and severe myopia cases.
Factors that Influence Biosynthesis of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Apple Fruits (1997)

Volatile ester molecules are important contributors to the perception of fruit taste. Biosynthesis of volatile compounds occurs via several biochemical pathways. Ongoing studies have concentrated on alcohol acetyl transferase, the terminal step in the acetate ester synthesis pathway. Our studies on volatile biosynthesis in apples have revealed several interesting phenomena. First, the nature and amount of volatile compounds are cultivarand strain-dependent. Studies with `Delicious' show a relationship between amount of peel coloration and flavor volatile content of tissue. Second, it is possible to manipulate the preharvest growing environment to influence the content of some volatiles in the fruit. Third, generation of volatiles is closely linked to the onset of climacteric ripening. Other experiments show the response of apples to different storage conditions with regard to volatile ester synthesis. In some cultivars softening apparently provides ester precursor molecules, leading us to speculate that there are glycosidically bound intermediates that are liberated by the action of cell-wall degradation.
Construction and control of an ultra-stiff nanopositioning system (2001)

This paper describes the design and manufacturing of a rigid positioning system with high resolution based on piezostepper technology. The planar piezostepper is able to move along the three in-plane directions and is able to make small correction movements in the out-of-plane directions. The piezostepper integrates the drive system, the transmission, and the bearing system into a single stepping unit. This leads to a unique combination that combines high positioning accuracy with high bearing stiffness, obtained by active control. The position deviation of the stage under influence of the disturbance forces of an ELID process proves to lie within 20 nm.
Reduction in Severe Hypoglycemia With Long-Term Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Type I Diabetes (1996)

CSII therapy was associated with a marked and sustained reduction in the rate of severe hypoglycemia without adversely affecting the level of glycemic control attained during MDI therapy. The more reproducible and flexible insulin delivery afforded by CSII was considered to be the major factor contributing to the improvement in severe hypoglycemia rates.
Direct determination and quantification of sulfur forms in coals from the Argonne Premium Sample Program (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect determination and quantification of sulfur forms in coals from the Argonne Premium Sample ProgramGraham N. George, Martin L. Gorbaty, Simon R. Kelemen, and Michael SansoneCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 1, 93–97Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00025a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00025a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views824Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
USING PROTEINASE TRAPPING TO DETECT REVERTANTS OF INACTIVE RHINOVIRAL 2A PROTEINASE MUTANTS (1992)

The 2A proteinase of human rhinovirus 2 cleaves itself off the growing polyprotein at its own N terminus during translation; this property was used to develop an in vivo screening system with the lacZ gene fragment of M13mp18. The fusion of an active 2A proteinase to the C-terminus of the alpha-fragment did not affect alpha-complementation, as the proteinase cleaved itself off the alpha-fragment. However, an inactive 2A proteinase remained fused to the alpha-fragment hindering alpha-complementation. Random mutations were then introduced into the 2A gene site by PCR amplification. Mutants defective in alpha-complementation (thus containing an inactive 2A proteinase) were obtained at an efficiency of 5%, mutants showing reduced 2A activity at an efficiency of 1%. Mutants showing reduced or no 2A activity were then subjected to PCR mutagenesis. Three mutants reactivating an inactive 2A proteinase were examined and the compensatory changes determined.
Design and development of a ceiling-mounted workshop Measurement Positioning System for large-scale metrology (2019)

This paper presents a new ceiling-mounted workshop Measurement Positioning System (C-wMPS) compensating for many deficiencies shown by conventional metrology systems, especially on the possibility of task-oriented designing for coverage ability, measurement accuracy and efficiency. A hybrid calibration system consisting of a high-precision coordinate control field and standard lengths is developed and implemented for the C-wMPS, which can be designed concretely to provide both traceability and the ability of local accuracy enhancement. Layout optimization using a genetic algorithm based on grids is applied to design an appropriate layout of the system, therefore promotes the system's performance and reduce cost. An experiment carried out at the Guidance, Navigation and Control laboratory (GNC Lab, 40 × 30 × 12 m) validates the prominent characteristic of C-wMPS and the fitness of the new calibration system and layout optimization method.
An efficient tree cache coherence protocol for distributed shared memory multiprocessors (1999)

Directory schemes have long been used to solve the cache coherence problem for large scale shared memory multiprocessors. In addition, tree-based protocols have been employed to reduce the directory size and the invalidation latency for a large degree of data sharing in the system. However, the existing tree-based protocols involve a very high communication overhead for maintaining a balanced tree, especially when the degree of data sharing is low. This paper presents a new tree-based cache coherence protocol which is a hybrid of the limited directory and the linked list schemes. By utilizing a limited number of pointers in the directory, the proposed protocol connects the nodes caching a shared block in a tree fashion without incurring any communication overhead. In addition to the low communication overhead, the proposed scheme also possesses the advantages of the existing bit-map and tree-based linked list protocols, namely, scalable memory requirement and logarithmic invalidation latency. We evaluate the performance of our protocol by running four applications on the Proteus execution-driven simulator. Our simulation results show that the performance of the proposed protocol is very close to that of the full-map protocol.
SnO2 Nanosheets for Selective Alkene Gas Sensing (2019)

SnO2 nanosheets with the (101) crystal face mainly exposed were prepared to investigate their sensing properties. The SnO2 nanosheets were ∼150 nm in size and well-dispersed on the sensor chip. The gas sensing properties of the SnO2 nanosheets were investigated for CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8, 1-C4H8, cis-2-C4H8, trans-2-C4H8, iso-C4H8, and n-C4H10 gases. Additionally, the relationship between the sensor signal response of the SnO2 nanosheets and the orbital energy of the target gas molecules was investigated. It was found that the sensor exhibited remarkable selectivity to alkene gases which have high HOMO energies. The presence of partially unoccupied oxygen sites was confirmed from crystal structure analysis. In addition, defects on the surface of the SnO2 nanosheets were certainly identified from the surface analysis. On the basis of these results, it was determined that the gas selectivity for alkene gases of the SnO2 gas sensor was improved by the formation of oxygen vacancy defects. This effect is attributed to the superior oxygen desorption ability of the (101) crystal face of the SnO2 nanosheet.
Insights on protein thermal stability: a graph representation of molecular interactions (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Alport Syndrome (1998)

Alport syndome, also termed hereditary nephritis, was initially described in 1927 by AC Alport as an inherited kidney disease characterized by hematuria and sensorineural deafness. Later, ocular lesions were also associated with the syndrome and, with the introduction of the electron microscope, irregularities and disruptions in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were shown to be typical for this disorder as well. The disease is progressive, usually leading to renal failure during adolescence or before middle age.
Lymphocyte transformation response to pokeweed mitogen as a predictive marker for development of AIDS and AIDS related symptoms in homosexual men with HIV antibodies. (1987)

To identify factors that may predict the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related symptoms various immunological measurements were studied in a group of homosexual men attending screening clinics for AIDS in Copenhagen. Fifty seven men whose ratio of T helper lymphocytes to T suppressor lymphocytes (CD4:CD8 ratio) was less than 1.0 before the study began were included. Forty two were positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of whom 38 were reinvestigated after a median observation period of 10 months. Among the seropositive men the transformation responses to pokeweed mitogen and cytomegalovirus and the absolute count of CD4 positive lymphocytes were the most common abnormal values. In particular, a low relative response to pokeweed mitogen on initial investigation correlated with a worsened clinical condition on reinvestigation. The risk of a worsened clinical condition was 55 times higher in seropositive men whose responses to pokeweed mitogen were low than in other seropositive men. The corresponding relative risks for low transformation responses to cytomegalovirus and for a decreased absolute count of CD4 positive lymphocytes were 18 and six. The relative response to pokeweed mitogen is therefore a very sensitive short term predictive marker of the clinical condition of seropositive patients who have a CD4:CD8 ratio of less than 1.0.
A Theoretical Framework for Prediction of Solid State Potentiometric Gas Sensor Behavior. (2006)

A 3 electrode, Luggin's Probe configuration was employed in making D. C. polarization and open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements on Platinum and La2CuO4 electrodes in atmospheres containing O2, NO, NO2, CO and CO2 at 500{degree sign}C. Each electrode potential, referenced to an isolated embedded reference electrode, changed when exposed to the aforementioned gases and the differences summed to equal the sensor signals previously seen when both electrodes were exposed to the same environment. Both the La2CuO4 and Pt electrode potentials went down when exposed to reducing gases (NO and CO) and went up when exposed to oxidizing gases (O2 and NO2). The Pt responses (DOCP) were larger than those for La2CuO4 for all gases. La2CuO4|YSZ|Pt sensors responded positively to NO and CO, negatively to NO2 and negligibly to O2. The D.C. polarization behavior for the Pt and La2CuO4 electrodes were contrasted and related to their individual gas responses (DOCPs).
High carbon dioxide and sun/shade effects on isoprene emission from oak and aspen tree leaves (1991)

Abstract. Isoprene (2‐methyl 1, 3‐butadiene) is emitted from many plants, especially trees. We tested the effect of growth at high CO 2 partial pressure and sun versus shade conditions on the capacity of Quercus rubra L. (red oak) and Populus tremuloides Michx. (quaking aspen) leaves to make isoprene. Oak leaves grown at high CO 2 partial pressure (65 Pa) had twice the rate of isoprene emission as leaves grown at 40Pa CO 2 . However, aspen leaves behaved oppositely, with high CO 2 ‐grown leaves having just 60‐70% the rate of isoprene emission as leaves grown in 40 Pa CO 2 . Similar responses were observed from 25 to 35 °C leaf temperature during assay. The stimulation of isoprene emission by growth at high CO 2 and the stimulation in high temperature resulted in isoprene emission consuming over 15% of the carbon fixed during photosynthesis in high‐CO 2 grown oak leaves assayed at 35 °C. Leaves from the south (sunny) sides of trees growing in natural conditions had rates of isoprene emission double those of leaves growing in shaded locations on the same trees. This effect was similar in both aspen and oak. The leaves used for these experiments had significantly different chlorophyll a/b ratios indicating they were functionally sun (from the sunny locations) or shade leaves (from the protected locations). Because the metabolic pathway of isoprene synthesis is unknown, we are unable to speculate about how or why these effects occur. However, these effects are more consistent with metabolic control of isoprene release rather than a metabolic leak of isoprene from metabolism. The results are also important for large scale modelling of isoprene emission and for predicting the effect of future increases in atmospheric CO 2 level on isoprene emission from vegetation.
Drug-conjugated PLA–PEG–PLA copolymers: a novel approach for controlled delivery of hydrophilic drugs by micelle formation (2016)

A conjugate of the antihypertensive drug, lisinopril, with triblock poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA) copolymer was synthesized by the reaction of PLA-PEG-PLA copolymer with lisinopril in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dimethylaminopyridine. The conjugated copolymer was characterized in vitro by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques. Then, the lisinopril conjugated PLA-PEG-PLA were self-assembled into micelles in aqueous solution. The resulting micelles were characterized further by various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that the micelles formed by the lisinopril-conjugated PLA-PEG-PLA have spherical structure with the average size of 162 nm. The release behavior of conjugated copolymer, micelles and micelles physically loaded by lisinopril were compared in different media. In vitro release study showed that in contrast to physically loaded micelles, the release rate of micelles consisted of the conjugated copolymer was dependent on pH of media where it was higher at lower pH compared to the neutral medium. Another feature of the conjugated micelles was their more sustained release profile compared to the lisinopril-conjugated copolymer and physically loaded micelles.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF A PIN FIN WITH UNEQUAL CONVECTIVE COEFFICIENTS OVER ITS TIP AND SURFACE (2018)

© 2018 by Begell House, Inc. It is generally understood that heat transfer of a fin increases with its length. In cases where the fin tip experiences significantly higher convective coefficients, a situation exists where the heat transfer decreases with its length. Applications of this situation may exist in air conditioning, refrigeration, and electronics cooling. Analytical results for one-dimensional temperature distribution and heat transfer rate are presented for such a pin fin. A critical tip-to-surface coefficient ratio h( = hcrit) depending only on the transverse Biot number Bi exists, for which the heat transfer is independent of length. For "subcritical" conditions (h < hcrit ), fin heat transfer increases with length, as is commonly known. In this case, long fins will be necessary for maximizing heat transfer. For "supercritical" situations (h > hcrit), however, the heat transfer rate decreases with length, asymptotically approaching that for an infinitely long fin. Here, short fins will suffice to provide near-maximum heat duty. Compared to the unfinned base exposed to the tip coefficient, subcritical fins will enhance heat transfer; under supercritical situations, they will insulate the surface. However, compared to the finless base exposed to the surface coefficient, fins will always increase heat transfer. If the fin tip is employed to accurately measure the fluid temperature, the dimensionless fin length L must be no less than Lmin, which is a function only of Bi and h hcrit . An analytical expression for Lmin necessary to keep the relative error within one percent has been developed. Whether the fin is used to enhance heat transfer or measure fluid temperature, the fin cross section should have as high surface area-to-volume ratio as possible.
Self-applied topical interventions for melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomized, investigator-blinded clinical trials (2022)

Our findings indicate that TCC and its individual components HQ and tretinoin are effective in lightening melasma. Besides these established self-applied treatment options, we identified further medical treatments as well as promising cosmetic and herbal product treatment approaches. Furthermore, evidence suggests that using broad-spectrum sunscreen covering both the visible and ultraviolet-light spectrum enhances the treatment efficacy of HQ. However, with mostly small RCTs comparing treatments directly using a broad range of outcomes, further research is needed to draw conclusions about which treatment is most effective. What is already known about this topic? Melasma is a common dermatological disease. Although it is primarily a cosmetic condition, it can severely affect the patient's wellbeing and quality of life. Treatment options for melasma include a broad range of medical, cosmetic and herbal products. Given the large number of available interventions, it is difficult for clinicians and for patients to make informed decisions about which treatment to choose. What does this study add? We systematically assessed data from investigator-blinded randomized controlled trials of self-applied topical interventions. Our GRADE evaluations of confidence in the findings ranged from very low to high and may help clinicians and patients navigate treatment decisions. Besides the established self-applied medical treatment options, we identified promising cosmetic and herbal treatment approaches. Evidence suggests sunscreen covering the ultraviolet (UV)- and visible light spectra increases treatment efficacy compared with UV-only protection.