gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorting of mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy in Arabidopsis is extremely rapid and depends on MSH1 activity (2022)

Abstract The fate of new mitochondrial and plastid mutations depends on their ability to persist and spread among the numerous organellar genome copies within a cell (heteroplasmy). The extent to which heteroplasmies are transmitted across generations or eliminated through genetic bottlenecks is not well understood in plants, in part because their low mutation rates make these variants so infrequent. Disruption of MutS Homolog 1 ( MSH1 ), a gene involved in plant organellar DNA repair, results in numerous de novo point mutations, which we used to quantitatively track the inheritance of single nucleotide variants in mitochondrial and plastid genomes in Arabidopsis. We found that heteroplasmic sorting (the fixation or loss of a variant) was rapid for both organelles, greatly exceeding rates observed in animals. In msh1 mutants, plastid variants sorted faster than those in mitochondria and were typically fixed or lost within a single generation. Effective transmission bottleneck sizes for plastids and mitochondria were N ≈ 1 and 4, respectively. Restoring MSH1 function further increased the rate of heteroplasmic sorting in mitochondria ( N ≈ 1.3), potentially due to its hypothesized role in promoting gene conversion as a mechanism of DNA repair, which is expected to homogenize genome copies within a cell. Heteroplasmic sorting also favored GC base pairs. Therefore, recombinational repair and gene conversion in plant organellar genomes can potentially accelerate the elimination of heteroplasmies and bias the outcome of this sorting process. Significance statement Mitochondria and plastids play essential roles in eukaryotic life; thus, mutations in these organellar genomes can have severe consequences. In animals, early germline sequestration creates genetic “bottlenecks” providing cell-to-cell variance in mitochondrial mutations upon which selection can act. However, the dynamics of organellar mutations in plants and other organisms that lack early germline segregation remain unclear. Here, we show that sorting of mutations in plant organellar genomes proceeds very rapidly – much faster than in animals. In mitochondria, this process is accelerated by MSH1, a gene involved in recombination and repair of organellar genomes. This suggests that in plants, recombinational repair creates cell-to-cell variance in the frequency of organellar mutations, facilitating selection in the absence of a classical germline bottleneck.
Locomotive Emissions Measurements for Various Blends of Biodiesel Fuel (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objective of this project was to assess the effects of various blends of biodiesel on locomotive engine exhaust emissions. Systematic, credible, and carefully designed and executed locomotive fuel effect studies produce statistically significant conclusions are very scarce, and only cover a very limited number of locomotive models. Most locomotive biodiesel work has been limited to cursory demonstration programs. Of primary concern to railroads and regulators is understanding any exhaust emission associated with biodiesel use, especially NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, emissions tests were conducted on two locomotive models, a Tier 2 EMD SD70ACe and a Tier 1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; GE Dash9-44CW with two baseline fuels, conventional EPA ASTM No. 2-D S15 (commonly referred to as ultra-low sulfur diesel - ULSD) certification diesel fuel, and commercially available California Air Resource Board (CARB) ULSD fuel. A single batch of soy-based B100 was blended with the EPA and CARB diesel fuels to yield 5 percent and 20 percent by volume blends of fuels. A randomized test matrix was used to perform triplicate tests on each of the six test fuels (EPA0, CARB0, EPA5, CARB5, EPA20, and CARB20).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results of these emissions test results were analyzed to determine the statistical relevance of any difference in emissions among fuels. General emissions and fuel economy trends for biodiesel seen in other studies and in other applications were seen in this study. Higher blend levels of biodiesel were associated with lower carbon monoxide and particulate matter, and higher levels of nitrogen oxides and fuel consumption. Diesel fuel with 20 percent biodiesel often resulted in statistically significant differences from the fuel with 0 percent or 5 percent biodiesel. The difference between 0 percent and 5 percent biodiesel was generally not statistically significant. Different trends between the locomotives could be explained by differences in emissions certification levels, combustion cycle (4-stroke vs. 2-stroke), and lubricating oil consumption.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Liquid crystal panel for high efficiency barrier type autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays (2009)

An autostereoscopic display with parallax barrier attached onto a liquid crystal panel suffers from the trade-off between brightness and crosstalk. One approach for making improvement by modifying the layout of light blocking components, such as thin film transistor, storage capacitor, and protrusion, in the liquid crystal pixel has been proposed. Ray tracing simulation shows that the aperture of the slanted barrier can be significantly increased, hence increasing efficiency, while keeping the same crosstalk level if those light blocking components can be shifted to the corner of the pixel. A six-view 2.83 in. (7.19 cm) prototype has shown improvement on both brightness and crosstalk compared to its counterpart using a traditional liquid crystal panel, which demonstrates an effective approach for a high-efficiency barrier-type autostereoscopic 3D display with a liquid crystal panel.
No-reference video quality metric for streaming service using DASH standard (2015)

This work proposes a no-reference video quality metric that considers two parameters, pauses and changes in video resolution. Results indicate that users' Quality-of-Experience (QoE) is highly correlated with these parameters. The proposed metric has low complexity because it is based on application-level parameters; it can, therefore, be easily implemented in consumer electronic devices.
Influence of Muscle Mass and Physical Activity on Serum and Urinary Creatinine and Serum Cystatin C (2008)

Cystatin C may represent a more adequate alternative to assess renal function in individuals with higher muscle mass when mild kidney impairment is suspected.
Removal of hazardous Rhodamine dye from water by adsorption onto exhausted coffee ground (2013)

Exhausted coffee ground powder (CGP) was proved to be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine dyes (i.e. Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G) from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption experiments. The morphology, chemical structure as well as the surface property of the as-prepared CGP adsorbent were investigated by using SEM, FT-IR and contact angle meter analytical techniques. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm behaviors of Rhodamine molecules onto CGP were studied and compared using pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd and Langmuir/Freundlich models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of Rh B and Rh 6G were calculated at 5.255 and 17.369 μmol g−1 by Langmuir model fitting. The effects of temperature, ionic strength, solution volume and the co-existing anions on the sorption behavior were also investigated. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism responsible for the efficient removal of dyes is discussed in terms of adsorption process caused by electrostatic and intermolecular forces.
The development and use of pitfall and probe traps for capturing insects in stored grain. (1990)

The development and use of pitfall and probe traps for capture of insects in bulk-stored grain are outlined. Unbaited traps are effective in detecting infestations and they detect a large number of species compared with grain-sampling devices. The effectiveness of the traps is related to temperature, trapping period, and grain moisture content; and traps are less reliable for detecting insect species that are less mobile, have a non uniform distribution in grain, feed within kernels, or can escape from the traps. Comparisons are given between effectiveness of probe traps and grain sampling for detecting insects, and experience using probe traps in stored grain is reported
Granular Material Radial Deformation Measurements with a Circumferential Extensometer in Repeated Load Triaxial Testing (1998)

Determination of both axial and radial specimen strains in a repeated load triaxial test is essential for properly characterizing the directional dependency of resilient granular material behavior. Radial deformation measurement is not yet included in the standard AASHTO test procedure. The method of measuring radial strains adopted in this study emphasizes the use of a contact-type specimen instrumentation technique with a circumferential chain extensometer. The circumferential extensometer was successfully used in repeated load triaxial testing to measure radial strains of three aggregate samples with different material types and properties. The accuracy of the measuring system was within 10 − 5 (in strains) when the smallest strains recorded were on the order of 10 − 4 . Nonlinear stress-dependent models for properly characterizing the anisotropic granular material stiffnesses were developed from measured axial and radial strains. The vertical/horizontal stiffness ratios in the triaxial sample consistently increased with increasing principal stress ratios, which often occurs in pavements under wheel loading. In general, the repeatability in radial strain measurements was deemed to be satisfactory and more reliable strains were measured at low confining pressures.
Performance of visible and mid‐infrared scattering‐type near‐field optical microscopes (2003)

We describe the principles of two scattering-type near-field optical microscopes (s-SNOMs), one operating at 633 nm wavelength, the other at selectable wavelengths in the range 7.3-11.3 micro m, and compare the measurement experience. Both use interferometric detection of scattered radiation, and are therefore capable of amplitude and phase-contrast imaging. In this study both instruments use the same or even identical commercial probe tips, and measure a single, three-component, test sample. Our results show that the imaging process of s-SNOM is wavelength-independent, namely, that the resolution is determined by the properties of the tip only, and that the contrast is given by the complex refractive index of the sample, predictable from a simple, analytical model of tip-sample interaction. A novel, 'edge-darkening' artefact is described which may appear in s-SNOM and that is wavelength-independent.
Estimación del parámetro b de Richter a partir de las medidas imprecisas de intensidad epicentral (1996)

El objetivo de este trabajo es la estimacion del parametro exponencial de Richter que determina la distribucion de probabilidad de la variable intensidad de movimientos sismicos que se producen en una determinada zona. Las medidas de intensidad sismica son, por propia naturaleza, imprecisas y por ello se propone estimar el parametro mediante un procedimiento que incorpore la imprecision de los datos. Se cuantifica la imprecision asignando a cada medida de intensidad una distribucion de probabilidad sobre el rango de intensidades. Cada medida imprecisa de intensidad se puede entonces interpretar como una realizacion de una variable aleatoria valorada en el espacio de Hilbert l2(R) cuya esperanza se identifica con la distribucion de la variable intensidad. La estimacion del parametro se obtiene entonces a traves de la minimizacion de la distancia cuadratica en l2(R) entre la distribucion teorica de la variable intensidad y la media muestral de las medidas imprecisas de intensidad. Se puede demostrar que el estimador asi obtenido proporciona bajo ciertas hipotesis, razonables en la practica, un estimador del parametro asintoticamente centrado y normal. Se aplica el metodo a la obtencion de los estimadores del parametro de Richter para dos catalogos sismicos concretos, uno real correspondiente a una zona del Pirineo Oriental y otro simulado. Los resultados se comparan con las estimaciones de maxima verosimilitud y Bayes obtenidas al considerar los datos como precisos
Consequences of insomnia and its therapies. (2001)

Insomnia has a number of clinically significant associations. In particular, patients with chronic insomnia have higher rates of psychiatric and medical illnesses, and insomnia is an important risk factor in the development of depression. Insomniacs also have higher rates of health care utilization and reduced quality of life. This article reviews important clinical correlates of insomnia and evidence for possible causal relationships between sleep and health.
Heat recovery from moving cooling beds: transient modeling by dynamic simulation (2002)

Heat recovery from moving beds of solid particulate that have to be cooled for process requirements is usually carried out by one or more hoods collecting the cooling air fed underneath the bed. However, in many process plants the bed operation is characterized by continuous variations of solid inlet temperature and flow rate. As a consequence, the design of the heat recovery plant is usually performed by assuming a hypothetical steady-state operation and resorting to mean values of the process parameters. Sizing optimization of the air capturing hoods becomes difficult to perform under such circumstances, resulting in poor performances of the whole heat recovery plant from the economical standpoint. Furthermore, control system design appears particularly critical especially for more complex heat recovery schemes. With the aim to make a contribution towards the modeling of the real-time behaviour of the cooling bed, in this paper a dynamic simulation approach has been developed based on two-dimensional schematization and on time-dependent convective-conductive heat transfer. The model enables the transient analysis of the cooling bed operation and could be used as a useful tool in control and optimal design studies. In this work reference has been made to the cooling section of an iron-ore sintering bed of the Ilva steelworks in Taranto for operating conditions definition and model verification.
Bibliography of the Solvent Abuse Literature (1979)

AbstractThis bibliography includes references from previous bibliographies prepared in this area including those by Kupperstein and Susman (1968), Schmidt (1975), and Weise et al. (1973). It also includes recent references obtained primarily from the Index Medicus and Psychological Abstracts dated to the time of the preparation of this bibliography (i.e., April 1978).Preparation of this paper was supported by a grant from the Non-Medical Use of Drugs Directorate, Department of Health and Welfare Canada, and the Alcoholism Foundation of Manitoba.During the preparation of the final draft of this paper the senior author was supported by a National Health Research Scholar Award (6607-1155-48), and the junior author by a National Health Summer Studentship.
Time-varying Boundary Conditions in Simulation of Seismic Wave Propagation (2011)

We propose two new boundary conditions to regulate coherent reflections from the model boundaries in numerical solutions of wave equations. Both boundary conditions have the common feature that the boundary condition is varied with respect to time. The first boundary condition expands or contracts the computational model during a modeling simulation. The effect is to cause a Doppler shift in the reflected wavefield that can be used to shift energy outside a frequency band of interest. Additionally, when the computational domain is expanding, the range of possible incidence angles on the boundary is restricted. This can be used to increase the effectiveness of many existing absorbing boundary conditions that are more effective for incidence angles close to normal. The second boundary condition is an extension of random boundaries. By carefully changing the realization of a random boundary over time, a more diffusive wavefield can be simulated. We show results with 2D numerical simulations of the scalar wave equation for both these boundary conditions. While the first boundary condition has application to modeling, both of these boundary conditions have potential application within algorithms that rely upon modeling kernels, such as reverse-time migration and full-waveform inversion.
INNOVATIVE FRESH WATER PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS (2004)

An innovative Diffusion Driven Desalination (DDD) process was recently described where evaporation of mineralized water is driven by diffusion within a packed bed. The energy source to drive the process is derived from low pressure condensing steam within the main condenser of a steam power generating plant. Since waste heat is used to drive the process, the main cost of fresh water production is attributed to the energy cost of pumping air and water through the packed bed. This report describes the annual progress made in the development and analysis of a Diffusion Driven Desalination (DDD) system. A combined thermodynamic and dynamic analysis demonstrates that the DDD process can yield a fresh water production of 1.03 million gallon/day by utilizing waste heat from a 100 MW steam power plant based on a condensing steam pressure of only 3'' Hg. Throughout the past year, the main focus of the desalination process has been on the diffusion tower and direct contact condenser. Detailed heat and mass transfer analyses required to size and analyze these heat and mass transfer devices are described. An experimental DDD facility has been fabricated, and temperature and humidity data have been collected over a range of flow and thermal conditions. The analyses agree quite well with the current data and the information available in the literature. Direct contact condensers with and without packing have been investigated. It has been experimentally observed that the fresh water production rate is significantly enhanced when packing is added to the direct contact condensers.
Chapitre V. Que mange-t-on aujourd’hui ou l’alimentation quotidienne saisie à travers les listes de menus (2013)

La ménagère qui doit nourrir sa famille, son mari qui travaille et ses enfants, avec peu de moyens, est hantée chaque jour par le problème de la nourriture et parce qu’elle va réussir à préparer pour les repas du midi et du soir, d’où la question : que mange-t-on aujourd’hui ? qui a accompagné pendant longtemps l’esprit de celles qui avaient en charge la nourriture d’une famille. Pour saisir au plus près les consommations alimentaires quotidiennes et la cuisine, Philippe Meyzie note : « Les m...
Thermodynamically neutral Kubas-type hydrogen storage using amorphous Cr(iii) alkyl hydride gels (2015)

In this paper we present amorphous chromium(III) hydride gels that show promise as reversible room temperature hydrogen storage materials with potential for exploitation in mobile applications. The material uses hydride ligands as a light weight structural feature to link chromium(III) metal centres together which act as binding sites for further dihydrogen molecules via the Kubas interaction, the mode of hydrogen binding confirmed by high pressure Raman spectroscopy. The best material possesses a reversible gravimetric storage of 5.08 wt% at 160 bar and 25 °C while the volumetric density of 78 kgH2 m(-3) compares favourably to the DOE ultimate system goal of 70 kg m(-3). The enthalpy of hydrogen adsorption is +0.37 kJ mol(-1) H2 as measured directly at 40 °C using an isothermal calorimeter coupled directly to a Sieverts gas sorption apparatus. These data support a mechanism confirmed by computations in which the deformation enthalpy required to open up binding sites is almost exactly equal and opposite to the enthalpy of hydrogen binding to the Kubas sites, and suggests that this material can be used in on-board applications without a heat management system.
Gap Junctions in Myometrial Cell Cultures: Evidence for Modulation by Cyclic Adenosine 3′ :5′-Monophosphate1 (1992)

Primary cultures of myometrial cells from juvenile rats, continuous cultures maintained by serial passage, and a pSV3neotransfected myometrial cell line were established and utilized for the study of development and modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in vitro. The smooth muscle origin and homogeneity of the cultures were verified by immunofluorescence staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin and cellular desmin. Although gap junctions were not detected in thin sections of juvenile and adult myometrial tissues by transmission electron microscopy, they were detected in cultured myometrial cells derived from juvenile and adult animals. The presence of GJIC in cultured cells was confirmed using a fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching assay. Administration of exogenous estradiol-17 beta (10(-7) M) resulted in an increase in GJIC in primary and passage 9 myometrial cultures, whereas pSV3neo-transfected myometrial cells were not significantly different from untreated controls. The lack of estrogen responsiveness in pSV3neo-transfected cultures correlated with lower levels of estrogen receptors than in primary cultures. Addition of 1 mM 8-bromo-cAMP resulted in rapid (within 2 min) increases in dye transfer in both control and estradiol-17 beta-primed primary cultures. Uncoupling of cells by treatment with 1 mM 1-octanol, followed by addition of 1 mM 8-bromo-cAMP, resulted in increased GJIC in control and estradiol-17 beta-primed cultures, although up-regulation of GJIC in estradiol-17 beta-primed cultures was much greater than in control cultures. Comparative experiments carried out on a spontaneously immortalized rat granulosa cell line (SIGC), which expresses the same connexin43 species as myometrial cells, exhibited similar responses to exogenous 8-bromo-cAMP following uncoupling of gap junctions with octanol. While the results of these investigations may not be extrapolated to myometrium in vivo, they suggest that myometrial cell culture may offer additional opportunities to explore the temporal expression and modulation of GJIC in myometrium.
Web-based remote networked control for smart homes (2013)

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a new web-based smart home scheme. The idea of Internet-based remote control and remote supervisory has been adopted in this new scheme. All the home appliances can be remotely accessed using a web-based interface when the users are away. They can also monitor the security cameras and sensors via Internet remotely. In order to secure the communication channels between the users and the smart home systems, a four layer structure including the client, server, home control and home appliance layers is designed. XML documents are used for the data communication between the four layers. Due to the web-based structure, users are able to access the system using any portable platforms such as laptops, Pads and smart phones as long as there is a web browser provided, which gives great convenience and flexibilities to the users.