gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H3N2 influenza viruses in humans: Viral mechanisms, evolution, and evaluation (2018)

Annual seasonal influenza vaccines are composed of two influenza A strains representing the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, and two influenza B strains representing the Victoria and Yamagata lineages. Strains from these Influenza A and Influenza B viruses currently co-circulate in humans. Of these, strains associated with the H3N2 subtype are affiliated with severe influenza seasons. H3N2 influenza viruses pre-dominated during 3 of the last 5 quite severe influenza seasons. During the 2016/2017 flu season, the H3N2 component of the influenza vaccine exhibited a poor protective efficacy (∼28-42%) against preventing infection of co-circulating strains. Since their introduction to the human population in 1968, H3N2 Influenza viruses have rapidly evolved both genetically and antigenically in an attempt to escape host immune pressures. As a result, these viruses have added numerous N-linked glycans to the viral hemagglutinin (HA), increased the overall net charge of the HA molecule, changed their preferences in receptor binding, and altered the ability of neuraminidase (NA) to agglutinate red blood cells prior to host entry. Over time, these adaptations have made characterizing these viruses increasingly difficult. This review investigates these recent changes in modern H3N2 influenza viruses and explores the methods that researchers are currently developing in order to study these viruses.
Atherosclerosis imaging using 3D black blood TSE SPACEvs2D TSE (2014)

Qualitative and quantitative measurements between 3D SPACE and 2D TSE techniques are comparable. 3D-SPACE may be a feasible approach in the evaluation of cardiovascular patients.
Daily Intraperitoneal Administration of Rosiglitazone Does Not Improve Lung Function or Alveolarization in Preterm Rabbits Exposed to Hyperoxia (2022)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent PPARγ agonists that have been shown to attenuate alveolar simplification after prolonged hyperoxia in term rodent models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the pulmonary outcomes of postnatal TZDs have not been investigated in preterm animal models. Here, we first investigated the PPARγ selectivity, epithelial permeability, and lung tissue binding of three types of TZDs in vitro (rosiglitazone (RGZ), pioglitazone, and DRF-2546), followed by an in vivo study in preterm rabbits exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen) to investigate the pharmacokinetics and the pulmonary outcomes of daily RGZ administration. In addition, blood lipids and a comparative lung proteomics analysis were also performed on Day 7. All TZDs showed high epithelial permeability through Caco-2 monolayers and high plasma and lung tissue binding; however, RGZ showed the highest affinity for PPARγ. The pharmacokinetic profiling of RGZ (1 mg/kg) revealed an equivalent biodistribution after either intratracheal or intraperitoneal administration, with detectable levels in lungs and plasma after 24 h. However, daily RGZ doses of 1 mg/kg did not improve lung function in preterm rabbits exposed to hyperoxia, and daily 10 mg/kg doses were even associated with a significant lung function worsening, which could be partially explained by the upregulation of lung inflammation and lipid metabolism pathways revealed by the proteomic analysis. Notably, daily postnatal RGZ produced an aberrant modulation of serum lipids, particularly in rabbit pups treated with the 10 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, daily postnatal RGZ did not improve lung function and caused dyslipidemia in preterm rabbits exposed to hyperoxia.
Alterations in the interaction between iron regulatory proteins and their iron responsive element in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brains. (2000)

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are cytoplasmic mRNA binding proteins involved in intracellular regulation of iron homeostasis. IRPs regulate expression of ferritin and transferrin receptor at the mRNA level by interacting with a conserved RNA structure termed the iron-responsive element (IRE). This concordant regulation of transferrin receptors and ferritin is designed so a cell can obtain iron when it is needed, and sequester iron when it is in excess. However, we have reported that iron accumulates in the brain in Alzheimer's disease without a concomitant increase in ferritin. An increase in iron without proper sequestration can increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a component of many neurological diseases including Alzheimer's. We hypothesized that alterations in the IRP/IRE interaction could be the site at which iron mismanagement occurs in the Alzheimer's brains. In this report we demonstrate that in normal human brain extracts, the IRP is detected as a double IRE/IRP complex by RNA band shift assay, but in 2 of 6 Alzheimer's brain (AD) extracts examined a single IRE/IRP complex was obtained. Furthermore, the mobility of the single IRE/IRP complex in Alzheimer's brain extracts is decreased relative to the double IRE/IRP complex. Western blot and RNA band super shift assay demonstrate that IRP1 is involved in the formation of the single IRE/IRP complex. In vitro analyses suggest that the stability of the doublet complex and single AD complex are different. The single complex from the AD brain are more stable. A more stable IRE/IRP complex in the AD brain could increase stability of the transferrin receptor mRNA and inhibit ferritin synthesis. At the cellular level, the outcome of this alteration in the molecular regulatory mechanism would be increased iron accumulation without an increase in ferritin; identical to the observation we reported in AD brains. The appearance of the single IRE/IRP complex in Alzheimer's brain extracts is associated with relatively high endogenous ribonuclease activity. We propose that elevated RNase activity is one mechanism by which the iron regulatory system becomes dysfunctional.
Dual-port 28 GHz pattern reconfigurable quadruple parasitic IFA design for MIMO 5G mobile terminal (2017)

In this paper, a 28 GHz pattern reconfigurable Quadruple Parasitic Inverted F Antenna (QPIFA) for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Fifth Generation (5G) mobile terminal is presented. A driven cross patch antenna surrounded by four parasitic IFA elements were used to perform the pattern reconfiguration. Metal shorting PIN diodes are used to connect the driven cross patch antenna and the IFA parasitic element to change the direction of the radiation beams. Four types of combination between the driven cross patch antenna and the IFA parasitic element produces eight different beam directions at port 1 and port 2. Maximum realized gain of 9.13 dB, 9.81 dB, 8.65 dB and 7.11dB are achieved. The proposed MIMO structure resonates at 28 GHz while achieving reflection coefficient of less than -20dB. Besides that, a high isolation between 2 QPIFAs reduces the mutual coupling to result in an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.01. Along with its pattern reconfigurable ability and low ECC, the proposed MIMO antenna is deemed suitable for future 5G mobile terminal application.
A SRM Drive based Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Reduced Switch Converter (2016)

This paper proposes a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Hybrid Electric Vehicle application. The generally used Asymmetric Bridge Converter has a large number of switches, resulting in more losses and negative torque current. This is compensated with a Reduced Switch Converter having lesser numbers of switches and positive torque current and is more suitable for HEV. The Drive is powered by Battery/Super Capacitor. The Motor is operated in Motoring mode for Driving application as well as in Regenerative Braking mode, making the Drive to be Bidirectional and can able to regenerate a part of the energy supplied to the system.
Biomechanics of the Intrinsically Optimal Design of the Intervertebral Disc (2005)

The spinal shock-absorbing disc needs to have the flexibility to enable the spine to bend and twist. At the same time under loading, its lateral and axial deformations have to be contained, so that it does not herniate and impinge on the spinal-chord. The disc is composed of a fluid-like nucleus pulposus (NP) contained within an annulus. Hence when the disc is loaded, the NP gets pressurized and stresses the surrounding annulus. Now, because its elastic modulus is stress-dependent (i.e. E-E <sub>0</sub> = ksigma, where k is a constitutive parameter ), the annulus stiffens under loading. In this way, the flexible disc is able to sustain its loading with minimal deformation and thereby contain its deformation. In this paper, we have carried out a stress and deformation analysis of the spinal disc, and demonstrated that its deformations are invariant with the load intensity and only dependent on its dimensions and its constitutive property parameter k. Thus, we demonstrate that the intrinsic design of the spinal disc makes it an optimal structure.
Pulmonary Artery Banding Revisited (1989)

Pulmonary artery (PA) banding to reduce pulmonary blood flow was described by Muller and Dammann in 1952. This review describes the outcome of 170 children who had PA banding at the University of Virginia Medical Center between 1955 and 1988. One hundred and one of the patients were banded between 1958 and 1970; fewer bands were placed in later years because early total correction was feasible for certain conditions. When analyzed by preoperative diagnoses, the data reveal that children with a single ventricle undergoing banding had a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate of 12% compared to other preoperative diagnoses, including atrioventricular canal, truncus arteriosus, and ventricular septal defect (VSD) at 30% (p less than 0.05). The late overall mortality for all patients was approximately 10%, an attrition rate of 1% per year. PA banding still has a role in management of patients with congenital heart disease, particularly for infants with a single ventricle. Actuarial survival at 10 years for patients with this condition is 92%. Interestingly, this indication for pulmonary banding is the same one cited in the original report.
A Wavelet-Based Spectral Finite Element Method for Simulating Elastic Wave Propagation (2011)

In the present paper, a novel formulation of the wavelet-based finite element method (WSFEM) is proposed and applied to the in-plane wave equations in orthotropic plate structures. By computing the exact values of the connection coefficients of Daubechies compactly supported wavelets over a finite interval, the wavelet-Galerkin method is employed. Subsequently, the elastodynamic equations are decoupled with respect to the transformation parameter. Contrary to more conventional transformed domain methods which have difficulties in handling relatively complex geometries, the response in the transformed (wavelet) domain is fully discretized in analogy with FEM. However, unlike the conventional FEM, the basis functions in the proposed WSFEM are functions of the wavenumbers in the transformed domain. It is shown in the paper that the proposed WSFEM converges faster than FEM with linear or quadratic basis functions with substantially fewer number of time sampling points. Since the present approach allows for solving the transformed governing equations for each wavelet point separately, the method is inherently suitable for parallel computation. In addition, the temporal discretization is not influenced by the FE mesh.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of SJG-136, a Novel DNA Sequence Selective Minor Groove Cross-linking Agent, in Advanced Solid Tumors (2011)

The MTD of SJG-136 in this study was 30 μg/m(2) administered on a daily 3× basis with no myelosuppression effects. Coupled with supportive management, SJG-136 is now advancing to a phase II trial in ovarian cancer.
Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 Enhances Intestinal Antibody Response in Formula‐Fed Infants (2012)

Infants consuming formula with Bb12 produced feces with detectable presence of Bb12 and augmented sIgA concentration. Furthermore, cesarean-delivered infants consuming Bb12 had heightened immune response, as evidenced by increased anti-rotavirus- and anti-poliovirus-specific IgA following immunization. These results demonstrate that negative immune-related effects of not breastfeeding and cesarean delivery can be mitigated by including Bb12 in infant formula, thereby providing infants a safe, dietary, immune-modulating bacterial introduction.
Impact of change in body condition score in mid-late pregnancy in ewes fed a mixed diet on lamb survival and performance (2020)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that body condition score of pregnant ewes fed on turnip and swede crops during mid-late gestation had on offspring survival and performance. Data were collected from 755 multiparous mixed-age ewes carrying 1–4 fetuses. Ewes grazed a turnip crop for 1 month prior to pregnancy scanning with supplementary ryegrass/clover baleage (~75 days gestation) followed by a swede crop with supplementary Lucerne baleage for 1 month following pregnancy scanning (to ~120 days gestation). Ewe body condition score (BCS) at mating, pregnancy scanning and pre-lambing, along with lamb survival and growth rates to weaning were recorded. Lamb survival from pregnancy scanning to tailing differed by litter size (P&lt;0.001) with lower survival in litters with 3 or more lambs compared to singles and twins which did not differ. Improving BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation had a positive effect on lamb survival irrespective of litter size and ewe age (P&lt;0.001). Lamb survival in ewes ≥5 years of age, irrespective of litter size, was lower (P&lt;0.001) compared to 2 or 3–4-year-old ewes, which in turn did not differ from each other. The key finding of the study was that loss in BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation, negatively impacted on lamb survival, especially in ewes carrying 3 or more fetuses and in ewes &gt;5 years of age irrespective of the number of fetuses carried. Furthermore, there was high variation in BCS change observed in both early and mid-pregnancy.
Study of Melanin Complex from Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) Bourd. et Galz. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) (2007)

The production of melanin complex of Phellinus robustus in submerged conditions was studied. It was estimated that exo- and endomelanins consist of carbon (C), 37.2%−36.9%; nitrogen (N), 5.08%minus;5.30%; and hydrogen (H), 4.9%minus;5.2%. The content of carbonyl groups in exo- and endomelanins was 3.8%minus;1.58%; carboxyl, 0.66%minus;1.28%; total OH, 15.23%minus;15.09%, including aliphatic OH, 13.35%minus;12.5%; and phenolic OH, 1.88%minus;2.58%. Our results demonstrated that melanins from Ph. robustus have high antioxidant and genoprotective properties.
Behavior of the Acetone Laser-Induced Fluorescence under Engine Relevant Conditions for the Simultaneous Visualization of Temperature and Concentration Fields (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents calibration results of the two excitation laser wavelength fluorescence of acetone for the determination of temperature fields. The calibration was performed under engine relevant conditions and comprises the simultaneous variation of temperature and pressure in the range of 293 K to 750 K and of 0.1 MPa to 2 MPa, respectively. The influence of different gas compositions, e.g., resulting from exhaust gas recirculation, was checked by calibrating for pure nitrogen, synthetic air and carbon dioxide and for a certain extend for water as bath gas. The two excitation wavelengths used were 248 nm and 308 nm.&lt;/div&gt;
Superacid properties of sulfated zirconia as measured by Raman and1H MAS NMR spectroscopy (1994)

T. Riemer, D. Spielbauer, M. Hunger, G. A. H. Mekhemer and H. Knözinger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1181 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001181
Effets d’un entraînement à l’écoute dans le bruit chez des enfants de 8 à 12 ans dyslexiques ayant un trouble du traitement auditif. Données pilotes (2018)

Objectif : La présente étude vise à établir les bénéfi ces d’un entraînement auditif dans le bruit chez des enfants présentant un trouble du traitement auditif (TTA) et un trouble spécifi que du langage écrit. Méthodologie : Quatre enfants présentant un TTA et une dyslexie ont participé à cette étude. Une première période de cinq semaines sans entraînement a été respectée. Puis chaque enfant a effectué un entraînement auditif à l’écoute dans le bruit durant cinq semaines, à raison d’au moins deux heures par semaine en séances de vingt minutes minimum. Les enfants ont été amenés à discriminer puis à identifi er des mots mais aussi des phrases et des textes dans un bruit de fond variable en fonction de leurs progrès. Une mesure des potentiels évoqués auditifs de latence longue, de l’écoute de mots dans le bruit, de l’écoute dichotique de chiffres et de la conscience phonologique a été réalisée à trois moments : avant la période sans entraînement puis avant et après l’entraînement afi n d’identifi er les effets de celui-ci. Les parents et les enfants ont rempli un questionnaire relatif à l’écoute en classe à ces trois moments. Résultats : Les résultats mettent en évidence une évolution dans plusieurs domaines. Tout d’abord, les réponses au questionnaire suggèrent une amélioration de l’écoute dans des situations d’écoute défavorables. Ensuite, l’observation des données témoigne d’une amélioration de l’identifi cation des mots dans le bruit pour l’oreille droite, une augmentation de la capacité d’écoute dichotique pour l’oreille gauche et de meilleurs résultats en conscience phonologique. Enfi n, les mesures électrophysiologiques révèlent une diminution de la latence de l’onde P1.
Exercise testing and prognosis in adult cystic fibrosis (1997)

The results of maximal exercise testing are correlated with survival but they are not better than the FEV1 as prognostic indicators.
Prognostic implication of changes on FDG PET/CT following early hormonal treatment in castrate-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (2013)

344 Objectives To assess the association of changes on FDG PET/CT following early hormonal treatment with time to hormonal treatment failure (THTF) in men with known castrate-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (mCSPC). Methods 32 men with known mCSPC underwent FDG PET/CT scans before and 4 mo after start of new hormonal therapy. Patients were followed prospectively for primary endpoint of THTF, defined as treatment change to chemotherapy, or death, if that occurred first - using the landmark method with the date of the 4-mo PET as the landmark. The 4-mo and the change between the 4-mo and baseline number of lesions, SUVmax of the most active lesion (MAX), sum of SUVmax (SUM) and average of SUVmax (AVG) of all lesions, after subtracting scan-specific liver SUVavg, and occurrence of new lesions were included in the univariate Cox regression analysis for association to outcome. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with these variables split at median value, with the lower than median group taken as reference. THTF-free probabilities were calculated based on Kaplan-Meier plots. Results Median THTF from date of the 4-mo scan was 25 mo (85% CI: 9-38 mo) and the 24-mo THTF-free probability was 0.51+/-0.09 (n=32). At 4-mo, ranges for number of lesions, MAX, SUM, and AVG were 0-14, 0-6, 0-31, 0-3.3, respectively. No HRs for change between the 4-mo and baseline parameters was statistically significant. However, the HRs for 4-mo parameters were statistically significant; number of lesions (2.5, 95% CI: 1.01-6.4, p=0.049), occurrence of new lesions (4.0, 95% CI: 1.6-9.9, p=0.005), SUM (3.0; 95% CI: 1.2-7.8, p=0.019), MAX (3.0, 95% CI: 1.2-7.8, p=0.019), and AVG (2.5, 95% CI: 1.01-6.4, p=0.048). Conclusions While early (within 4 mo) hormonal treatment changes on FDG PET/CT may not predict the time to hormonal treatment failure, but the PET-derived parameters at 4-mo are predictive of outcome. Research Support NIH/NCI grants R01-CA111613 (PI: Jadvar) and P30-CA014089.
Tackling Clutter in Radar Data -- Label Generation and Detection Using PointNet++ (2023)

Radar sensors employed for environment perception, e.g. in autonomous vehicles, output a lot of unwanted clutter. These points, for which no corresponding real objects exist, are a major source of errors in following processing steps like object detection or tracking. We therefore present two novel neural network setups for identifying clutter. The input data, network architectures and training configuration are adjusted specifically for this task. Special attention is paid to the downsampling of point clouds composed of multiple sensor scans. In an extensive evaluation, the new setups display substantially better performance than existing approaches. Because there is no suitable public data set in which clutter is annotated, we design a method to automatically generate the respective labels. By applying it to existing data with object annotations and releasing its code, we effectively create the first freely available radar clutter data set representing real-world driving scenarios. Code and instructions are accessible at www.github.com/kopp-j/clutter-ds.
Longitudinal Education and Career Outcomes of a Cancer Research Training Program for Underrepresented Students: The Meharry-Vanderbilt-Tennessee State University Cancer Partnership (2022)

This study examined longitudinal education and career outcomes of the Meharry-Vanderbilt-Tennessee State University Cancer Partnership, the longest-running National Cancer Institute (NCI) Comprehensive Partnerships in Advancing Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) program site in the United States. Degree completion rates were calculated and progression along the entire postsecondary "pipeline" was quantified for 204 participants recruited between 2011 and 2020. For participants who had entered the workforce, career outcomes were also analyzed. Relative to comparison data, participants completed degrees and progressed through the higher education "pipeline" to earn advanced degrees at remarkably high rates; the majority entered careers in which they support or conduct cancer research. The latter is important, because most participants identify with demographic categories currently underrepresented in the cancer research workforce. This article makes two contributions to knowledge on research training programs for underrepresented students: 1) it quantifies participants' progression along the entire postsecondary education pipeline as well as into the workforce, and 2) it identifies points where participants are most prone to exit the pipeline rather than progress. We identify two types of exits-permanent and temporary-and offer empirically supported operational definitions for both. Evaluators may find the quantitative model and/or definitions useful for analyzing similar programs.
Large-Signal Measurements and Nonlinear Characterization of an Analog Frontend for Passive UHF CMOS RFID Transponders (2012)

This work focuses on the comprehensive measurement-based nonlinear characterization of an integrated analog frontend, which is implemented into a passive multifunctional radio-frequency-identification (RFID) transponder. It explains the necessity and the practical execution of large-signal characterization and nonlinear analyses of the frontend at ultra-high-frequencies. The fundamentals of the implemented source-pull measurement setup are described in detail and the results of selected measurements are presented. To the authors knowledge, this is the first time that a passive RFID frontend is characterized by nonlinear large-signal measurements.