gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aircraft Escape Strategy from Supercooled Cloud Layers (2006)

Vertical profiles of liquid water in supercooled frontal stratiform clouds have been studied in order to estimate the potential rate of ice accretion at different levels within the cloud and to develop recommendations for escape strategies to avoid severe in-flight icing. The vertical soundings of the supercooled liquid clouds were obtained using the National Research Council of Canada Convair-580 equipped by Environment Canada for cloud microphysical measurements. The data were collected during five flight campaigns (CFDE 1, CFDE 3, AIRS 1, AIRS 1.5 and AIRS 2). In total 584 vertical LWC profiles were analyzed. A statistical summary has been prepared from the profiles of the potential thickness of accreted ice, liquid water content, temperature, and cloud depths. The maximum potential accreted thickness of ice does not exceed 2cm for a transit with a 3 degree glide slope thoughout the cloud depth. Based on the statistics, in order to avoid severe icing once significant icing is encountered, it is suggested that a climb or descent should be initiated. The aircraft should not stay at the same altitude within the cloud layer. I. Introduction T is difficult for pilots to decide to climb, descend, or stay at the same level when encountering in-flight icing, especially in icing events associated with drizzle. During these periods the airplane may have to traverse one or several supercooled cloud layers and as a result experience in-flight icing. To estimate the potential consequences of in-flight icing, liquid water content (LWC) profiles in supercooled cloud layers associated with frontal systems were analyzed. The vertical distribution of liquid water and temperature inside supercooled clouds is important for estimation of icing severity during any traverse of such layers. The statistical characteristics of supercooled stratiform frontal clouds collected during five aircraft field campaigns are presented here. Effort was focused on an analysis of the statistics of cloud depths, vertical distribution of liquid water and temperature inside clouds, and the potential thickness of accreted ice. The results provide an overview of conditions that pilots may encounter in mid and high latitude winter clouds. Based on these results suggestions have been made to minimize in-flight icing and avoid severe icing during climb and descent.
Lewis Acid-Promoted Deoxygenative Di[β,β-bis(ethylthio)]vinylation of Aldehydes with Trimethylsilylketene Bis(ethylthio)acetal (2001)

Silylketene dithioacetal 1 reacted with aldehydes 2a-o, 14, or cinnamaldehyde (11) in the presence of Lewis acid to give deoxygenative divinylation products, 3-substituted 1,4-pentadienes 3a-o, 15, or 5-phenyl-1,3,6-heptatriene 13b, in good to moderate yields. Similar reaction with 2-aminobenzaldehyde (16) or salicylaldehyde (17) produced quinoline 19 or chroman 20 in 40-58% yield. Treatment of 1 with alpha-diketones 22a-c or alpha-ketoester 24 led to tetrasubstituted furans 23a-c or allylic alcohol 25, respectively, in rather low yields. The formation mechanisms of these products are discussed.
High-efficiency tandem organic light-emitting diodes (2004)

Tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), with multiple electroluminescent (EL) units connected electrically in series, have been fabricated. Using an optically transparent doped organic “p-n” junction as the connecting unit between adjacent EL units, excellent light out-coupling and carrier-injection properties have been realized. The luminous efficiency is found to scale almost linearly with the number of EL units in the stack, giving values as high as 32 or 136 cd/A for a three-unit tandem OLED using a fluorescent or a phosphorescent emitter, respectively.
Author response: The transcriptional corepressor CTBP-1 acts with the SOX family transcription factor EGL-13 to maintain AIA interneuron cell identity in Caenorhabditis elegans (2022)

The maintenance of diverse cell identities might be coordinated through the interaction between widely acting transcriptional corepressors and cell-specific transcription factors to repress undesired gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner.
Hydroxylation of Two Saturated Acyclic Monoterpenoids, Tetrahydrogeraniol and Tetrahydrolavandulol, by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Glomerella cingulata (1997)

The microbial transformations by Glomerella cingulata of two saturated acyclic monoterpenoids, tetrahydrogeraniol (1) and tetrahydrolavandulol (3), were investigated. Both compounds were hydroxylated regioselectively at the isopropyl group. Tetrahydrogeraniol was transformed to hydroxycitronellol (2), while tetrahydrolavandulol was transformed to 5-hydroxytetrahydrolavandulol (4). This is the first report describing the microbial transformation of compounds 1 and 3.
Supplementary table from Adipocyte Exosomes Promote Melanoma Aggressiveness through Fatty Acid Oxidation: A Novel Mechanism Linking Obesity and Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Proteins identified by mass-spectrometry in adipocyte exosomes&lt;/p&gt;
Topological Pumping over a Photonic Fibonacci Quasicrystal (2014)

Quasiperiodic lattices have recently been shown to be a non-trivial topological phase of matter. Charge pumping -- one of the hallmarks of topological states of matter -- was recently realized for photons in a one-dimensional (1D) off-diagonal Harper model implemented in a photonic waveguide array. The topologically nontrivial 1D Fibonacci quasicrystal (QC) is expected to facilitate a similar phenomenon, but its discrete nature and lack of pumping parameter hinder the experimental study of such topological effects. In this work we overcome these obstacles by utilizing a family of topologically equivalent QCs which ranges from the Fibonacci QC to the Harper model. Implemented in photonic waveguide arrays, we observe the topological properties of this family, and perform a topological pumping of photons across a Fibonacci QC.
The effects of height and BMI on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study in 20,848 cases and 20,214 controls from the PRACTICAL consortium (2015)

We found little evidence of a substantial effect of genetically elevated height or BMI on prostate cancer risk, suggesting that previously reported observational associations may reflect common environmental determinants of height or BMI and prostate cancer risk. Genetically elevated height and BMI were associated with increased mortality (prostate cancer-specific and all-cause, respectively) in men with low-grade disease, a potentially informative but novel finding that requires replication.
Kaempferol, a Major Flavonoid in Ginkgo Folium, Potentiates Angiogenic Functions in Cultured Endothelial Cells by Binding to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2020)

Kaempferol is a major flavonoid in Ginkgo Folium and other edible plants, which is being proposed here to have roles in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is important in both physiological and pathological development. Here, kaempferol was shown to bind with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), probably in the heparin binding domain of VEGF: this binding potentiated the angiogenic functions of VEGF in various culture models. Kaempferol potentiated the VEGF-induced cell motility in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the sub-intestinal vessel sprouting in zebrafish embryos and formation of microvascular in rat aortic ring. In cultured HUVECs, application of kaempferol strongly potentiated the VEGF-induced phosphorylations of VEGFR2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manners, and in parallel the VEGF-mediated expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, were significantly enhanced. In addition, the potentiation effect of kaempferol was revealed in VEGF-induced migration of skin cell and monocyte. Taken together, our results suggested the pharmacological roles of kaempferol in potentiating VEGF-mediated functions should be considered.
SAW transducer configurations for reversing the directivity of NSPUDT substrates (2002)

Natural single phase unidirectional transducers (NSPUDT) have attracted much attention for implementing low-loss SAW devices. Since the unidirectionality of NSPUDT is inherent to the substrate orientation, it is necessary to make the receiving transducer unidirectional in the opposite direction for obtaining a low-loss filter using two transducers with reverse directivity. In this paper, we report new transducer configurations to reverse the directivity of NSPUDT substrates. The proposed methods utilize the shift effects of centers of transduction and reflection due to floating electrodes inserted within active interdigital electrodes, and reflector banks within the ladder transducer. The configurations have the advantage in that these can be fabricated through a single level and a single metallization. The principle of operation is described. Experimental results are given for test devices on the NSPUDT orientations of quartz and Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ substrates; which show good reversed unidirectionality without degradation of directivity. A 162 MHz low-loss filter on quartz has minimum insertion loss of 4.7 dB. A 213 MHz low-loss filter on Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ has minimum insertion of 2.9 dB. Theoretical filter response using coupling-of-modes theory is also shown.
Effects of saikosaponin-d on enhanced CCl4-hepatotoxicity by phenobarbitone (1985)

The effects of saikosaponin-d extracted from the roots of Buplerum falcatum L. on increased toxicity of CCl4 and increased activities of microsomal enzymes induced by phenobarbitone have been examined. Saikosaponin-d showed protection against the CCl4-hepatotoxicity enhanced by phenobarbitone. It also inhibited increases in the content of cytochrome P450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, which are induced by the phenobarbitone treatment, but the spectral characteristics of P450 were not altered. The rate of microsomal lipid peroxidation by NADPH and CCl4 was significantly lowered in-vitro in rats pretreated with phenobarbitone and saikosaponin-d compared with those pretreated with phenobarbitone alone.
PROMPT: A Small Walking Robot for Planetary Exploration (2009)

Planetary exploration has already taken place for several years now using wheeled rovers. However, even though successful, these missions are limited to relatively flat and sedentary grounds. The areas explored are very interesting, but are of less importance from the point of view of searching for potential traces of life when compared to certain riskier zones. It is well understood that space agencies cannot afford the risk of using costly robots in these zones of uncommon geology. It is therefore anticipated that space exploration will evolve towards the use of small low-cost robots mobile enough to be used on rough terrains rich in geological information. This paper presents a small walking robot platform that was developed based on requirements provided by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
Molecular epidemiology of silent introduction and sustained transmission of wild poliovirus type 1, Israel, 2013 (2014)

Poliovirus vaccine coverage in Israel is over 90%. The last nine birth cohorts have been vaccinated exclusively with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). However, between February and July 2013 type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) was detected persistently in 10 and intermittently in 8 of 47 environmental surveillance sites in southern and central Israel and in 30 stool samples collected during July from healthy individuals in southern Israel. We report results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses of genes encoding capsid proteins to determine the source and transmission mode of the virus. WPV1 capsid protein 1 nucleotide sequences were most closely related to South Asia (SOAS) cluster R3A polioviruses circulating in Pakistan in 2012 and isolated from Egyptian sewage in December 2012. There was no noticeable geographical clustering within WPV1-positive sites. Uniform codon usage among isolates from Pakistan, Egypt and Israel showed no signs of optimisation or deoptimisation. Bayesian phylogenetic time clock analysis of the entire capsid coding region (2,643 nt) with a 1.1% evolutionary rate indicated that Israeli and Egyptian WPV1-SOAS lineages diverged in September 2012, while Israeli isolates split into two sub-branches after January 2013. This suggests one or more introduction events into Israel with subsequent silent circulation despite high population immunity.
Transgenic overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I prevents streptozotocin-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and beta-adrenergic response in ventricular myocytes (2004)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by cardiac dysfunction and altered level/function of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Both endogenous and exogenous IGF-I have been shown to effectively alleviate diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the effect of cardiac overexpression of IGF-I on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in mouse myocytes. Both IGF-I heterozygous transgenic mice and their wild-type FVB littermates were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and maintained for 2 weeks. The following mechanical indices were evaluated in ventricular myocytes: peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90) and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/- dL/dt). Intracellular Ca2+ was evaluated as resting and peak intracellular Ca2+ levels, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and intracellular Ca2+ decay rate (tau). STZ led to hyperglycemia in FVB and IGF-I mice. STZ treatment prolonged TPS and TR90, reduced Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, increased resting intracellular Ca2+ levels and slowed tau associated with normal PS and +/- dL/dt. All of which, except the elevated resting intracellular Ca2+, were prevented by the IGF-I transgene. In addition, myocytes from STZ-treated FVB mice displayed an attenuated contractile response to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, which was restored by the IGF-I transgene. Contractile response to the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and angiotensin II was not affected by either STZ treatment or IGF-I. These results validate the beneficial role of IGF-I in diabetic cardiomyopathy, possibly due to an improved beta-adrenergic response.
Altered Gene Expression in Morphologically Normal Epithelial Cells from Heterozygous Carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations (2010)

We hypothesized that cells bearing a single inherited "hit" in a tumor suppressor gene express an altered mRNA repertoire that may identify targets for measures that could delay or even prevent progression to carcinoma. We report here on the transcriptomes of primary breast and ovarian epithelial cells cultured from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and controls. Our comparison analyses identified multiple changes in gene expression, in both tissues for both mutations, which were validated independently by real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Several of the differentially expressed genes had been previously proposed as cancer markers, including mammaglobin in breast cancer and serum amyloid in ovarian cancer. These findings show that heterozygosity for a mutant tumor suppressor gene can alter the expression profiles of phenotypically normal epithelial cells in a gene-specific manner; these detectable effects of "one hit" represent early molecular changes in tumorigenesis that may serve as novel biomarkers of cancer risk and as targets for chemoprevention.
Treatment of Severe Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium parvum with Oral Bovine Immunoglobulin Concentrate in Patients with AIDS (1996)

We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of colostrum-derived bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum in patients with AIDS. A total of 24 patients with severe chronic diarrhea and AIDS were stratified to one of three cohorts: (1) C. parvum infection alone (n = 16), (2) C. parvum and a second opportunistic infection (n = 4), and (3) idiopathic AIDS enteropathy with no identified source of infection (n = 3) or an untreatable opportunistic infection other than C. parvum (n = 1). All patients were treated with bovine immunoglobulin concentrate for 21 consecutive days. Patients in cohort 1 were randomized to receive the medication in powder or capsule forms, whereas all patients in cohorts 2 and 3 received the powder form. The primary end point was change in mean daily stool weight. Secondary end points included change in stool frequency and body weight, as well as clearance of C. parvum oocytes as analyzed on stool microscopy. Patients with C. parvum who were treated with bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in powder form experienced a significant decrease in mean stool weight, from 1,158 +/- 114 g/day at baseline, to 595 +/- 63 g/day (p = 0.04) at the end of treatment, and 749 +/- 123 g/day (p = 0.03) 1 month after completing treatment. Stool frequency decreased from 6.6 +/- 0.6 bowel movements per day at study entry, to 5.4 +/- 0.7 during treatment (p = 0.04), and 5.4 +/- 0.9 during observation (p = 0.12). Patients who received bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in capsule form and patients without C. parvum (cohort 3) showed no improvement. No serious side effects were observed, and the medication was well tolerated. Thus, bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate, in powder form, appears promising in the treatment of severe diarrhea caused by C. parvum. The optimal dosage, duration of therapy, and overall efficacy need to be determined in placebo-controlled trials.
VISCOELASTIC ASSISTED DRAINAGE OF SUPRACHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE ASSOCIATED WITH SETON DEVICE IN GLAUCOMA FILTERING SURGERY (2016)

As suprachoroidal hemorrhage can be a devastating complication of glaucoma surgery, the authors report a relatively straightforward surgical technique that can restore ambulatory vision in a high proportion of patients.
Gait, balance, and fall prevention. (2001)

Falls are an increasing problem as people age. The healthcare costs of falls (hospitalization, surgery, rehabilitation, equipment, homehealth services, and institutionalization) can be as high as $500 million a year. The emotional, physical, and personal costs to the individual are even higher. Most falls could be prevented by a vigilant physician anticipating, assessing, and correcting fall risks, which may be medical, mechanical, or environmental. The impact of chronic disease and medication, balance and gait, and home risks should be assessed routinely. Balance and gait can be usefully evaluated with the Get Up and Go test and the Tinetti Balance and Gait test. The test results will indicate areas of further investigation. A healthcare team approach using physician specialists, allied health professionals, and ancillary services will provide the maximum benefit to the patient. Fall prevention through proper assessment and intervention will not only decrease morbidity and mortality, but will also help maintain patient independence and quality of life, a primary goal of geriatric care.
A secure application invocation mechanism in mobile phones for Near Field Communication (2012)

This paper proposes an access control based, secure Near Field Communication in mobile phones. We make NFC tags hold codes of which the execution can make use of mobile services securely under user defined policies.
Seroprevalence and factors associated withToxoplasma gondiiinfection in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean island (2010)

Knowledge of the factors affecting the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife is limited. Here we analyse which local landscape characteristics are associated with the presence of toxoplasmosis in wild boar, Sus scrofa, on the island of Corsica, France. Meat juice samples from 1399 wild boars collected during two hunting seasons were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (titre 1:4). The overall seroprevalence was 0.55 (95% CI 0.50-0.59) for the first year and 0.33 (95% CI 0.29-0.35) for the second year. Seroprevalence varied according to age and county. At the county level, seropositivity in adults was related to farm density during year 1, and to habitat fragmentation, farm density and altitude during year 2. The exposure of wild boar to T. gondii is thus variable according to landscape characteristics and probably results in a variable risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans.
Bush Encroachment in Zambia (1967)

(1967). Bush Encroachment in Zambia. Pest Articles & News Summaries. Section C. Weed Control: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 335-353.
A multiclade DNA/Ad vaccines for AIDS: the present and next generation (2006)

Development of an effective vaccine against HIV has proven to be particularly challenging to the scientific community in the absence of naturally occurring, protective immune responses. Current vaccine candidates target multiple internal and external gene product. Next generation vaccines will need to enhance the immunogenicity of the envelope (Env), with the goal of improving the breadth of the neutralizing antibody response while concurrently stimulating cell-mediated immunity. However, the envelope's genetic diversity and multiple mechanisms for evading the human immune system have made it difficult to design successful candidates. Efforts at the Vaccine Research Center have centered on the use of genetic and structural biological information to improve Env immunogen design. The genetic approach has focused on the conserved regions and conserved subdomains of variable regions. To target such conserved domains, site-specific mutagenesis has been employed to generate and analyze variant and chimeric Env proteins. Immunization studies suggest that the V3 region plays a dominant role in eliciting neutralization of viruses from different clades, and some breadth of reactivity among V3 regions is observed. The status of the structure-based immunogen design effort and the status of the current human multiclade and multigene vaccine candidate will be reviewed.
Mobile banking services (2004)

Adopting new and innovative mobile financial applications and service provisioning methods.
Crystal Structure of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase from Myxococcus xanthus and Its Complex with the Inhibitor Acifluorfen (2006)

Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, a monotopic membrane protein, which catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX in the heme/chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, is distributed widely throughout nature. Here we present the structure of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase from Myxococcus xanthus, an enzyme with similar catalytic properties to human protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase that also binds the common plant herbicide, acifluorfen. In the native structure, the planar porphyrinogen substrate is mimicked by a Tween 20 molecule, tracing three sides of the macrocycle. In contrast, acifluorfen does not mimic the planarity of the substrate but is accommodated by the shape of the binding pocket and held in place by electrostatic and aromatic interactions. A hydrophobic patch surrounded by positively charged residues suggests the position of the membrane anchor, differing from the one proposed for the tobacco mitochondrial protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Interestingly, there is a discrepancy between the dimerization state of the protein in solution and in the crystal. Conserved structural features are discussed in relation to a number of South African variegate porphyria-causing mutations in the human enzyme.