gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First aid for babies and children (2014)

Everyone working in a childcare setting should be able to respond effectively when faced with an incident requiring first aid knowledge
Coreless planar printed-circuit-board (PCB) transformers-a fundamental concept for signal and energy transfer (2000)

Magnetic cores have been used in transformers for over a century. In this paper, the authors present a fundamental concept of using "coreless" printed-circuit-board (PCB) transformers. With the aid of a high-frequency equivalent circuit, the use and basic characteristics of coreless PCB transformers are described. Optimal operating conditions for minimum input power requirement and maximum efficiency operations are identified. Coreless PCB transformers have the advantages of low costs, very high power density, no limitation due to magnetic cores, no magnetic loss and ease of manufacturing. They have the potential to be developed in microcircuits. A printed planar PCB transformer with a diameter of about 1.0 cm and power capability of 19 W has been successfully tested. The power density of the PCB transformer demonstrated in this paper is 24 W/cm/sup 2/. The maximum efficiency can be greater than 90%. The analysis has been confirmed with experiments. Coreless printed transformers have great potential in applications in which stringent height and space requirements have to be met.
Developing a Serious Videogame for Preteens to Motivate HPV Vaccination Decision Making: Land of Secret Gardens (2017)

Within a larger communication strategy, serious games could be useful for engaging preteens in health decision making about HPV vaccination.
FIGURE 2 from Salvage Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab after Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Survival characteristics. PFS (&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) and OS (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) for the overall cohort, in months. CI, confidence interval; NR, not reached.&lt;/p&gt;
Fast Exponentiation in Extension Field with Frobenius Mappings (2008)

This paper proposes an exponentiation method with Frobenius mappings. Our method is closely related to so-called interleaving exponentiation. Different from the interleaving exponentiation methods, our method can carry out several exponentiations using same base at the same time. The efficiency to use Frobenius mappings for an exponentiation in extension field is well introduced by Avanzi and Mihailescu. This exponentiation method is based on so-called simultaneous exponentiation and uses many Frobenius mappings. Their method more decreased the number of multiplications; however, the number of Frobenius mappings inversely increased. Compared to their method , the number of multiplications needed for the proposed method becomes about 20% larger; however, that of Frobenius mappings becomes small enough.
Modeling and Control of Ablative Thermal Layered Manufacturing Processes (1998)

Abstract This article establishes a general thermal modeling and control methodology for ablative processing of layered materials for rapid prototyping technologies. An analytical multivariable model of lumped temperature outputs generated by heat inputs on a surface grid is developed, based on Green’s function and state-space descriptions. The few independent parameters needed in such a linearized formulation are experimentally identified, and their time-variability reflects the heat transfer nonlinearities and process disturbances. A robust controller with thermal feedback is designed by pole placement methods, to obtain a specified dynamic temperature field yielding the desired material structure and properties. The regulated thermal processing is optimized in real time by proper heat source power modulation and torch guidance through a simulated annealing strategy. Its performance is tested on both the computer model and a laboratory station in regulating the sensitized zone during blanking of an elementary contour pattern on stainless steel, using robotically guided plasma-arc cutting and infrared thermal sensing.
Altered Sumoylation of p63&alpha; Contributes to the Split-Hand/Foot Malformation Phenotype (2004)

p63 mutations have been identified in several developmental abnormalities, including split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM). In this study, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of p63alpha associates with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, Ubc9. A p63alpha mutation, Q634X, which naturally occurs in SHFM modulated the interaction of p63alpha with Ubc9 in yeast genetic assay. Furthermore, Ubc9 catalyzed the conjugation of p63alpha with small ubiquitin modifier-1 (SUMO-1), which covalently modified p63alpha in vitro and in vivo at two positions (K549E and K637E), each situated in a SUMO-1 modification consensus site (phiKXD/E). In addition, p63alpha mutations (K549E and K637E) abolished sumoylation of p63alpha, dramatically activated transactivation properties of TAp63alpha, and inhibited the dominant-negative effect of DeltaNp63alpha. These p63alpha mutations also affected the transcriptional regulation of gene targets involved in bone and tooth development (e.g., RUNX2 and MINT) and therefore might contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying the SHFM phenotype.
The CAT/CLAMS Assessment for Early Intervention Services (1994)

The Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) is a relatively new test of language, problem-solving abilities, and visual-motor skills for children ages 0 to 36 months of age. This instrument was compared to the Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI), the generally accepted standard of infant developmental tests. This study evaluates 328 normal children tested in infancy and then at 18 and 30 months of age. Specificity was excellent (95% to 100%) at both 18- and 30-month levels when compared to the Bayley MDI. Sensitivity, however, was 21% at the 18-month level and 67% at the 30-month level. Predictive validity (.65) and within-test validity (.69) are good. The CAT/CLAMS compares favorably with the Bayley MDI assessment of children between 18 and 30 months of age and can be used for clinical assessment of toddlers referred for development assessment prior to admission to early intervention programs.
Effects of extrusion processing of feed ingredients on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2003)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of extrusion processing on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, energy and minerals in soya bean meal (SBM), barley, corn gluten meal and whole wheat, using rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss as the test species. In addition, availabilities of amino acids were also determined in SBM. Feed ingredients were preconditioned at 89–93 °C and then extruded using a Wenger X-85 extruder. Nonextruded ingredients were used as is, meaning that they were not preconditioned. The extruded and nonextruded ingredients were mixed with a casein–gelatin reference diet at 3 : 7 ratio prior to determination of ADC values. A total of 135 trout (initial mean body weight 223.4 ± 12.7 g) were stocked into nine 140-L fibreglass digestibility tanks with 15 fish per tank. Individual tanks were assigned randomly to each of eight diets made from the four ingredients (extruded and nonextruded) plus the reference diet. After faeces were collected in the first week, the diets were switched among tanks, and faeces were collected again after 5-day acclimation period in the second week. Yttrium oxide was used as the inert marker. Results showed that extrusion processing significantly improved ADCs of dry matter, crude fat and gross energy, and reduced ADCs of crude protein, phosphorus, copper, iron and zinc. Results also showed that the effects of extrusion processing on chemical composition and ADCs of nutrients depended on the ingredients. It is recommended that trace minerals such as copper, iron and zinc be supplemented by an additional 10–20% when rainbow trout diets are extruded because of their reduced bioavailability in plant meal-based feed ingredients.
Variability-Aware Training and Self-Tuning of Highly Quantized DNNs for Analog PIM (2022)

DNNs deployed on analog processing in memory (PIM) architectures are subject to fabrication-time variability. We developed a new joint variability- and quantization-aware DNN training algorithm for highly quantized analog PIM-based models that is significantly more effective than prior work. It outperforms variability-oblivious and post-training quantized models on multiple computer vision datasets/models. For low-bitwidth models and high variation, the gain in accuracy is up to 35.7% for ResNet-18 over the best alternative. We demonstrate that, under a realistic pattern of within- and between-chip components of variability, training alone is unable to prevent large DNN accuracy loss (of up to 54% on CIFAR-100/ResNet-18). We introduce a self-tuning DNN architecture that dynamically adjusts layer-wise activations during inference and is effective in reducing accuracy loss to below 10%.
Characterization of Ti-Beta zeolites and their reactivity for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O (2001)

A characterization of Ti-Beta zeolites synthesized under various conditions as well as an investigation of their photocatalytic properties for the reduction of CO2 with H2O at 323 K to produce CH4 and CH3OH were carried out. In situ XAFS spectra measurements indicated that a highly dispersed tetrahedral titanium oxide species was present in the zeolite framework and an increase in the coordination number of the titanium oxide species by the addition of H2O and CO2 molecules could be detected. The Ti-Beta zeolite having a hydrophilic property (Ti-Beta(OH)) exhibited a more dramatic increase in the coordination number than the Ti-Beta(F) zeolite which had a hydrophobic property. These results suggest that CO2 and H2O molecules can be adsorbed efficiently onto the highly dispersed tetrahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species. UV irradiation of these Ti-Beta zeolite catalysts in the presence of H2O and CO2 led to the formation of CH4 and CH3OH. Ti-Beta(OH) exhibited a higher reactivity than Ti-Beta(F), while the selectivity for the formation of CH3OH on Ti-Beta(F) was higher than that for Ti-Beta(OH). These results indicated that the reactivity and selectivity of the zeolite catalyst can be determined by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the zeolites.
Film chip interconnect systems prepared by wet chemical metallization (2002)

A novel low cost flip-chip like microelectronics packaging technology for bonding integrated circuits to polymer foils has been developed. The chip with the active side facing the polyimide foil is attached by an pre-deposited adhesive. Excimer laser micromachining technique for via hole fabrication to the bond pads was employed. Two different wet chemical metallization processes were investigated for electrical connecting the bond pads. The conductive patterns were fabricated by additive or semiadditive processing technique. Besides the detailed description of the major process steps, results of initial reliability investigations are presented.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Ureas (2007)

Abstract The synthesis of ureas from amines has traditionally been accomplished with stoichiometric reactions of phosgene or its derivatives, which are associated with environmental and waste disposal issues. Because of the prevalence of urea moieties in molecules of interest for several applications, alternative catalytic routes for the oxidative conversion of amines to ureas using CO as the carbonyl source have been developed. This microreview discusses recent developments in transition metal‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of amines to ureas as an alternative to phosgene and its derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of Conjugated Unsaturated Amides and Esters via Triphenylphosphine‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Acetylenic Pentafluorophenyl Esters. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance of buried channeln-type MOSFETs in 0.18-μm CMOS image sensor process (2013)

Buried channel (BC) MOSFETs are known to have better noise performance than surface channel (SC) MOSFETs when used as source followers in modern Charge Coupled Devices (CCD). CMOS image sensors find increasing range of applications and compete with CCDs in high performance imaging, however BC transistors are rarely used in CMOS. As a part of the development of charge storage using BC CCDs in CMOS, we designed and manufactured deep depletion BC n-type MOSFETs in 0.18 &mu;m CMOS image sensor process. The transistors are designed in a way similar to the source followers in a typical BC CCD. In this paper we report the results from their characterization and compare with enhancement mode and “zero-threshold” SC devices. In addition to the detailed current-voltage and noise measurements, semiconductor device simulation results are presented to illustrate and understand the different conditions affecting the channel conduction and the noise performance of the BC transistors at low operating voltages. We show that the biasing of the BC transistors has to be carefully adjusted for optimal operation, and that their noise performance at the right operating conditions can be superior to SC devices, despite their lower gain as in-pixel source followers.
Error Analysis and Improving the Accuracy of Winograd Convolution for Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Popular deep neural networks (DNNs) spend the majority of their execution time computing convolutions. The Winograd family of algorithms can greatly reduce the number of arithmetic operations required and is used in many DNN software frameworks. However, the performance gain is at the expense of a reduction in floating point (FP) numerical accuracy. In this article, we analyse the worst-case FP error and derive an estimation of the norm and conditioning of the algorithm. We show that the bound grows exponentially with the size of the convolution. Further, the error bound of the modified algorithm is slightly lower but still exponential. We propose several methods for reducing FP error. We propose a canonical evaluation ordering based on Huffman coding that reduces summation error. We study the selection of sampling “points” experimentally and find empirically good points for the most important sizes. We identify the main factors associated with good points. In addition, we explore other methods to reduce FP error, including mixed-precision convolution, and pairwise summation across DNN channels. Using our methods, we can significantly reduce FP error for a given block size, which allows larger block sizes to be used and reduced computation.
Characterization of ompA Genotypes by Sequence Analysis of DNA from All Detected Cases of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections during 1 Year of Contact Tracing in a Swedish County (2004)

In this study we aimed to characterize the ompA gene by sequencing DNA from all detected cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a Swedish county during 2001, in order to improve the efficiency of contact tracing. Approximately 990 bp of the ompA gene was amplified, and sequence analysis was achieved in 678 (94%) of 725 C. trachomatis-positive cases in this unselected population. The most prevalent genotype was serotype E (39%), followed by F (21%), G (11%), D (9%), K (9%), J (7%), H (2%), B (1%), and Ia (1%). Serotype E was found in five genotype variants, with the reference sequence comprising 96% of all E cases. Serotype D was the most variable, and of seven sequence variants, three were identified as recombinants with serotype E. Altogether 29 genetic variants were detected, and mutations and recombination events are discussed. Clinical manifestations were not associated with genotypes. Sequence variation was linked to sexual networks identified by contact tracing and improved epidemiological knowledge but was of limited benefit.
Tau-Mediated Disruption of the Spliceosome Triggers Cryptic RNA Splicing and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), spliceosomal proteins with critical roles in RNA processing aberrantly aggregate and mislocalize to Tau neurofibrillary tangles. We test the hypothesis that Tau-spliceosome interactions disrupt pre-mRNA splicing in AD. In human postmortem brain with AD pathology, Tau coimmunoprecipitates with spliceosomal components. In Drosophila, pan-neuronal Tau expression triggers reductions in multiple core and U1-specific spliceosomal proteins, and genetic disruption of these factors, including SmB, U1-70K, and U1A, enhances Tau-mediated neurodegeneration. We further show that loss of function in SmB, encoding a core spliceosomal protein, causes decreased survival, progressive locomotor impairment, and neuronal loss, independent of Tau toxicity. Lastly, RNA sequencing reveals a similar profile of mRNA splicing errors in SmB mutant and Tau transgenic flies, including intron retention and non-annotated cryptic splice junctions. In human brains, we confirm cryptic splicing errors in association with neurofibrillary tangle burden. Our results implicate spliceosome disruption and the resulting transcriptome perturbation in Tau-mediated neurodegeneration in AD.
Rare-earth-doped nanophosphors for multicolor cathodoluminescence nanobioimaging using scanning transmission electron microscopy (2015)

We describe rare-earth-doped nanophosphors (RE-NPs) for biological imaging using cathodoluminescence(CL) microscopy based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). We report the first demonstration of multicolor CL nanobioimaging using STEM with nanophosphors. The CL spectra of the synthesized nanophosphors (Y2O3∶Eu, Y2O3∶Tb) were sufficiently narrow to be distinguished. From CL images of RE-NPs on an elastic carbon-coated copper grid, the spatial resolution was beyond the diffraction limit of light.Y2O3∶Tb and Y2O3∶Eu RE-NPs showed a remarkable resistance against electron beam exposure even at high acceleration voltage (80 kV) and retained a CL intensity of more than 97% compared with the initial intensity for 1 min. In biological CL imaging with STEM, heavy-metal-stained cell sections containing the RE-NPs were prepared,and both the CL images of RE-NPs and cellular structures, such as mitochondria, were clearly observed from STEM images with high contrast. The cellular CL imaging using RE-NPs also had high spatial resolution even though heavy-metal-stained cells are normally regarded as highly scattering media. Moreover, since theRE-NPs exhibit photoluminescence (PL) excited by UV light, they are useful for multimodal correlative imaging using CL and PL.
Physiological and Morphological Studies on Developing Sympathetic Neurons in Dissociated Cell Culture (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Reliability challenges for advanced copper interconnects: Electromigration and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) (2009)

Ensuring the reliability of Cu interconnects becomes more challenging as device dimensions shrink, because of the smaller dimensions and because of the weaker mechanical properties of the low-k material. In this report, we will focus on electromigration and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in Cu interconnect structures.
Capacitor-less 1-transistor DRAM (2002)

We review the current status of the 1T-DRAM development, illustrate how this concept can be extended to fully depleted (FD) SOI, and demonstrate a first circuit application. A memory circuit area reduction of 3 to 10 times can be achieved when compared to DRAM or SRAM reference circuits respectively.
Placenta-Derived Decidua Stromal Cells for Treatment of Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2018)

Severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The placenta protects the fetus from the mother's immune system. We evaluated placenta-derived decidua stromal cells (DSCs), which differ from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), as a treatment for severe acute GVHD. DSCs were obtained from term placentas. The DSCs were given to 38 patients with severe acute GVHD; 25 were steroid refractory (SR). DSCs were thawed and infused in buffer supplemented with either 10% AB plasma (group 1, n = 17), or 5% albumin (group 2, n = 21). The viability of cells was higher when thawed in albumin rather than AB plasma (p < .001). Group 1 received a higher cell dose (p < .001), cells of lower passage number (p < .001), and fewer infusions (p = .002) than group 2. The GVHD response (no/partial/complete) was 7/5/5 in group 1 and 0/10/11 in group 2 (p = .01). One-year survival in the two groups was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23-68) and 76% (95% CI 51-89), respectively (p = .016). For the SR patients, 1-year survival was 73% (95% CI 37-90) in SR group 2 (n = 11), which was better than 31% (95% CI 11-54) in SR group 1 (n = 13; p = .02), 20% (95% CI 5-42) in BM-MSC treated (n = 15; p = .0015), and 3% (95% CI 0-14) in historic controls (n = 32; p < .001). DSCs are a promising new treatment for severe acute GVHD. Prospective randomized trials are needed for evaluation of efficacy. (Clinical trial NCT-02172937.) Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:325-332.
Control of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase and Tyrosine Aminotransferase in Tumors and Livers of Tumor-Bearing Rats2 (1973)

Administration of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) increased the levels of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALAS) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in rat liver. Induction of these enzymes was measured in the tumors and livers of rats bearing Morris hepatomas 5123, 7288C-TC, 7777, 7800, 7794A; Walker carcinosarcoma 256; Fibrosarcoma 4956; and Snell hepatoma 648. a) ALA synthetase was low and not inducible in any tumors studied; b) in livers of tumor-bearing rats, basal levels and peak-induced levels of ALA synthetase were decreased below those seen in normals; c) TAT levels were variable in the tumors, and the enzyme was clearly induced in 4 of the 8; and d) in host livers, basal TAT levels and induced levels were as high as or higher than in controls. Failure to observe induction of ALAS in the tumors did not result from the presence of an inhibitor. Hepatic ALA synthetase induction is known to be blocked by heme and certain carbohydrates (“glucose effect” ). Evidence was obtained indicating that the damped induction of host hepatic ALA synthetase was not caused by heme or lactate released from tumors.