gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A two-step optimization approach for technology selection (2006)

An efficient optimization approach for the technology selection problem is described. Technology selection is a crucial step in the aircraft design process, especially when the performance and econo-mic requirements are not fulfilled for any combination of the configuration design variables. In such a case, the designer must search efficiently within a set of technology options for the optimal combination that achieves the required improvements. When the set of available technologies is large, as is usually the case, a difficult combinatorial optimization problem ensues, resulting in significant time and computational expense. The objective of the new approach is to reduce the computational cost of technology selection by decomposing the process into two smaller sub-problems. The new approach attempts to exploit the structure of the technology compatibility matrix to improve the efficiency of the technology selection process. Results from an application problem are presented and valuable insights and observations are discussed.
PRE-CODE HOLLYWOOD (2014)

In the brief window between the announcement of the Hays Code censorship guidelines in 1930 and the creation of a body with sufficient resources to implement them in 1934, Hollywood studios were able to portray America with a realism previously unseen in its history. Here, Mike Mashon explores the history of demands for a system of moral oversight and shows how conservatives lobbied to enforce it, while James Bell examines the new-found freedoms filmmakers enjoyed in their depiction of taboo subjects from adultery and poverty to crime.
Thermal Enhancement of Systems using Organic Flip-Chip Packages (FC-PBGA) with an Alternate Cooling Path through the Printed Wiring Board (2006)

The thermal performance characteristics of organic flip-chip packages (FC-PBGA) incorporating thin (0.5 mm), high interconnect density (dense-core) organic substrates has been studied using 1-D calculations and 3-D numerical analysis. Of particular interest is the ability of the substrate to provide an effective thermal path to the printed wiring board (PWB) for high heat dissipation applications. The improvement in thermal impedance of dense core substrates vs. standard core substrates is quantified and shown to be approximately 2/spl times/. A package size of 50 mm and a chip size of 18 mm are assumed for the 3-D analysis. Two types of system boundary conditions, one with a heat sink attached to the top of the package, and one without are considered. For both cases, board-level enhancement is provided with a heat sink or cold plate. Numerical simulations are run to study the effect of the board heat sink on overall heat dissipation. The results indicate that the overall thermal resistance can be reduced by about 43% and that up to 73% or more of the heat dissipated in the chip can be diverted into the board even when a high performance (0.4 C/W) heat sink is used on top of the package. Comparisons are also made with packages with ceramic column grid array packages with similar wiring capability. Results indicate that thin, dense core packages can meet or exceed ceramic package thermal capability for the range of conditions studied here.
Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 is a phosphoinositide-dependent ion channel (2015)

Phosphoinositides are emerging as general regulators of the functionally diverse transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) has been reported to positively regulate many TRP channels, but in several cases phosphoinositide regulation is controversial. TRP melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a heat-activated ion channel that is also stimulated by chemical agonists, such as pregnenolone sulfate. Here, we used a wide array of approaches to determine the effects of phosphoinositides on TRPM3. We found that channel activity in excised inside-out patches decreased over time (rundown), an attribute of PI(4,5)P2-dependent ion channels. Channel activity could be restored by application of either synthetic dioctanoyl (diC8) or natural arachidonyl stearyl (AASt) PI(4,5)P2. The PI(4,5)P2 precursor phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) was less effective at restoring channel activity. TRPM3 currents were also restored by MgATP, an effect which was inhibited by two different phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitors, or by pretreatment with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzyme, indicating that MgATP acted by generating phosphoinositides. In intact cells, reduction of PI(4,5)P2 levels by chemically inducible phosphoinositide phosphatases or a voltage-sensitive 5'-phosphatase inhibited channel activity. Activation of PLC via muscarinic receptors also inhibited TRPM3 channel activity. Overall, our data indicate that TRPM3 is a phosphoinositide-dependent ion channel and that decreasing PI(4,5)P2 abundance limits its activity. As all other members of the TRPM family have also been shown to require PI(4,5)P2 for activity, our data establish PI(4,5)P2 as a general positive cofactor of this ion channel subfamily.
Adsorstion of Selected Biochemicals onto coated and Uncoated Charcoal (1979)

ABSTRACT Creatinine, glutethimide and pentobarbital isotherms and preliminary kinetic data have been obtained in vitro on coated and uncoated charcoal from two commercially available hemoperfusion devices (B‐D Hemodetoxifier and Gambro‐Adsorba 300C). The uptake characteristics of these devices were examined in both buffer and plasma environments at physiological conditions (pH:7.4; temperature:37 o C), using radiolabelled solutes. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations and isotherm constants determined. For both drugs, buffer and plasma data were well correlated by a Langmuir isotherm (r&gt;0.99) while creatinine data were fitted better by the Freundlich equation (r&gt;0.99). For all solutes, the amount adsorbed was lower in plasma (after correction for protein‐binding) due to reversible competitive inhibition. However, charcoal capacity remained high enough for both coated and uncoated charcoals to enable satisfactory clinical hemoperfusion to be performed. Kinetic data were reduced assuming a homogeneous model of intraparticle diffusion. Calculated charcoal diffusivities were 0.3–3.8×10 ‐ ‐ 8 cm 2 /sec, with plasma values four to six times lower than corresponding values for buffer. Charcoal diffusivities were about two orders of magnitude lower than corresponding effective diffusivities through Cuprophan, indicating that the mass transfer resistance of the charcoal coating is inconsequential under conditions of intraparticle diffusion control. It was also deduced that the commonly observed decrease in clearance as a function of time during clinical charcoal hemoperfusion is mainly a consequence of diffusive rather than site‐availability limitations.
Biogas production by encapsulated methane-producing bacteria (2011)

Encapsulation of methane-producing bacteria was carried out with the objective of enhancing the rate of biogas production. Encapsulation with a one-step liquid-droplet-forming technique was employed for the natural membrane, resulting in spherical capsules with an average diameter and a membrane thickness of 4.3 and 0.2 mm, respectively. The capsules were made from alginate, using chitosan or Ca2+ as counter-ions, together with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A Durapore® membrane (hydrophilic PVDF) with a pore size of 0.1 µm was used for synthetic encapsulating sachets having width and length dimensions 3×3 and 3×6 cm2 for holding the bacteria. During the digesting process, the dissolved substrates penetrated through the capsule membrane, and biogas inside the capsules was able to escape by diffusion. The results indicate encapsulation to be a promising method of digestion, with a high density of anaerobic bacteria. The method holds considerable potential for further development of membranes and their applications.
An Investigation of Recent Deconvolution Methods for Well-Test Data Analysis (2008)

Summary In this work, we present an investigation of recent deconvolution methods proposed by von Schroeter et al. (2002, 2004), Levitan (2005) and Levitan et al. (2006), and Ilk et al. (2006a, b). These works offer new solution methods to the long-standing deconvolution problem and make deconvolution a viable tool for well-test and production-data analysis. However, there exists no study presenting an independent assessment of all these methods, revealing and discussing specific features associated with the use of each method in a unified manner. The algorithms used in this study for evaluating the von Schroeter et al. and Levitan methods represent our independent implementations of their methods based on the material presented in their papers, not the original algorithms implemented by von Schroeter et al. and Levitan. Three synthetic cases and one field case are considered for the investigation. Our results identify the key issues regarding the successful and practical application of each method. In addition, we show that with proper care and attention in applying these methods, deconvolution can be an important tool for the analysis and interpretation of variable rate/pressure reservoir performance data.
Effect of continuous light on diurnal rhythms in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (2009)

We demonstrate that a combination of different analytical methods significantly improved the identification of cyclic and transient gene expression in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. Our analyses provide an adaptable and novel analytical tool to study gene expression in a variety of organisms with diurnal, circadian and ultradian behavior.
Novel Prodiginine Derivatives Demonstrate Bioactivities on Plants, Nematodes, and Fungi (2020)

Bacterial metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules which can be used as such or serve as chemical frameworks for developing new antimicrobial compounds for various applications including crop protection against pathogens. Prodiginines are tripyrrolic, red-colored compounds produced by many bacterial species. Recently, due to the use of chemical-, bio-, or mutasynthesis, a novel group of prodiginines was generated. In our study, we perform different assays to evaluate the effects of prodigiosin and five derivatives on nematodes and plant pathogenic fungi as well as on plant development. Our results showed that prodigiosin and the derivatives were active against the bacterial feeding nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> in a concentration- and derivative-dependent manner while a direct effect on infective juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode <i>Heterodera schachtii</i> was observed for prodigiosin only. All compounds were found to be active against the plant pathogenic fungi <i>Phoma lingam</i> and <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.</i> Efficacy varied depending on compound concentration and chemical structure. We observed that prodigiosin (<b>1</b>), the 12 ring- <b>9</b>, and hexenol <b>10</b> derivatives are neutral or even positive for growth of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> depending on the applied compound concentration, whereas other derivatives appear to be suppressive. Our infection assays revealed that the total number of developed <i>H. schachtii</i> individuals on <i>A. thaliana</i> was decreased to 50% in the presence of compounds <b>1</b> or <b>9</b>. Furthermore, female nematodes and their associated syncytia were smaller in size. Prodiginines seem to indirectly inhibit <i>H. schachtii</i> parasitism of the plant. Further research is needed to elucidate their mode of action. Our results indicate that prodiginines are promising metabolites that have the potential to be developed into novel antinematodal and antifungal agents.
Very small size proteoliposomes abrogate cross-presentation of tumor antigens by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and induce their differentiation to dendritic cells (2014)

Altogether, these results indicate that VSSP has the peculiar capacity of inhibiting TAA cross-presentation and certain suppressive mechanisms on MDSCs which in turn, combined with the ability to induce differentiation of these cells into antigen-presenting cells (APCs), sustains this adjuvant as an ideal immunomodulator for cancer immunotherapy.
In depth molecular characterization of T-DNA and Tos17 integration patterns in the Génoplante rice insertion collection : [P216] (2005)

In the framework of the Genoplante project, we have produced a library of rice (cv. Nipponbare) lines containing T-DNA and novel insertions of Tos 17 retrotransposon. Using a subset of 400 primary transformants harbouring the pC-4978 T-DNA construct, we attempted to establish a relationship between T-DNA organization, walk-PCR patterns of flanking regions and nature of the FSTs. Thorough Southern blot analyses revealed integration of an average of 2.2 T-DNA copies per plant, associated with an often-complex T-DNA organisation resulting from sequence rearrangements. Moreover, we observed that backbone vector sequences are often integrated in transformants harbouring multiple T-DNA copies. A highly efficient digestion-ligation walk-PCR protocol to amplify genomic sequences flanking both right and left T-DNA borders was developed for five restriction enzymes. Our study revealed that the analysis by walk-PCR with three enzymes enabled to amplify at least one Flanking Sequence Tag (FST) from 90% of the primary transformants. Comparative analysis of FST sequences obtained from both right and left TDNA borders revealed that in approximately 25% of cases novel FST sequences were obtained. In the same subset of 400 lines we estimated that on average insertion of 3.2 new copies of TOS17 had occurred per primary transformant. A novel highly efficient protocol of selective amplification of newly inserted copies of Tos17 retrotransposon was developed and enabled us to recover at least one sequence flanking a newly-transposed Tos17 copy in 70% the lines.Walk-PCR based protocols for both T-DNA and TOS17 enabled to obtain on average 70% of monoband and 30% of multiband products for every restriction enzyme we used. The development of a pipeline of bioanalysis of the sequences derived from multiband products, enabled us to maximize the efficiency of our walk-PCR based technology. The results of this pilot study will serve as a guideline to efficiently analyse the entire rice collection and help us to understand the mechanisms of integration of both T-DNA and TOS17 in the rice genome.
Conformational Analysis of the Frog Skin Peptide, Plasticin-L1, and Its Effects on Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Macrophages (2013)

Plasticin-L1 (GLVNGLLSSVLGGGQGGGGLLGGIL) is a conformationally flexible glycine/leucine-rich peptide originally isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the South-American Santa Fe frog Leptodactylus laticeps (Leptodactylidae). A nuclear magnetic resonance/molecular dynamics characterization of plasticin-L1 in the presence of dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) and DPC/sodium dodecylsulphate micelles as membrane-mimetic models showed that the peptide has affinity for both neutral and anionic membranes. The peptide adopts a stable helical conformation at the N-terminal region and a more disordered helix at the C-terminal region, separated by an unstructured loop wherein the highest number of glycines is localized. In both micelle environments, plasticin-L1 slowly inserts between the detergent head groups but always remains localized at the micelle/water interface. Plasticin-L1 lacks direct antimicrobial activity but stimulates cytokine production by macrophages. Incubation with plasticin-L1 (20 μg/mL) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α from unstimulated peritoneal macrophages from both C57BL/6 and BALB/C mice. The peptide also increased IL-6 production by unstimulated (P < 0.01) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated (P < 0.01) macrophages, whereas the effects on production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were not significant. These findings suggest that plasticin-L1 may play an immunomodulatory role in vivo by stimulating cytokine production from frog skin macrophages in response to microbial pathogens. This peptide may represent a template for the design of peptides with therapeutic applications as immunostimulatory agents.
Combination of evidence for effective web search (2018)

In this paper we describe Carnegie Mellon University’s submission to the TREC 2010 Web Track. Our baseline run combines different methods, of which in particular the spam prior and mixture model were found the most effective. We also experimented with expansion over the Wikipedia corpus and found that picking the right Wikipedia articles for expansion can improve performance substantially. Furthermore, we did preliminary experiments with combining expansion over the Wikipedia corpus with expansion over the top ranked web pages
Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia is apoptosis (1995)

The CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus are selectively vulnerable to transient ischemic damage. In experimental animals, the CA1 pyramidal neurons undergo cell death several days after brief forebrain ischemia. It remains, however, unknown whether this delayed neuronal death is necrosis or apoptosis. To investigate the degenerating processes of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in gerbil hippocampus after brief ischemia, lysosomal and nuclear alterations in the cells were examined using immunocytochemistry, in situ nick-end labeling, and Southern blotting. By light and electron microscopy, immunoreactivity for cathepsins B, H, and L, representative lysosomal cysteine proteinases, increased in the CA1 pyramidal neurons 3 d after ischemic insult, which showed cell shrinkage. By morphometric analysis, the volume density of cathepsin B-positive lysosomes markedly increased 3 d after ischemic insult, while that of autophagic vacuole-like structures also increased at this stage, suggesting that cathepsin B-immunopositive lysosomes increasing in the neurons after ischemic insult are mostly autolysosomes. Nuclei of the CA1 neurons were nick-end labeled by biotinylated dUTP mediated by terminal deoxytransferase 3 and 4 d after ischemic insult, but not in the prior stages. Simultaneously, dense chromatin masses appeared in nuclei of the neurons. By Southern blotting, laddering of DNA occurred only in CA1 hippocampal tissues obtained 4 d after ischemic insult. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that the fragmented DNA in the CA1 pyramidal layer was phagocytosed by microglial cells. The results suggest that delayed death of the CA1 pyramidal neurons after brief ischemia is not necrotic but apoptotic.
An evaluation of processing methods for HumanMethylation450 BeadChip data (2016)

The comparisons in our study provide valuable insights in preprocessing HumanMethylation450 BeadChip data. We found the within-array combination of Noob + BMIQ always improved signal sensitivity, and when combined with the RUVm batch-correction method, outperformed all other approaches in performing differential DNA methylation analysis. The effect of the data processing method, in any given data set, was a function of both the signal and noise.
Systemic inflammation markers after simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients: ATLAS-M substudy (2018)

Simplification with atazanavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine does not affect plasma markers of systemic inflammation in virologically suppressed patients. The association between these findings and clinical outcomes requires further evaluation.
Antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of three algae from the northwest coast of Algeria (2017)

The objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of Algerian algae, Sargassum vulgare, Cladostephus hirsutus and Rissoella verruculosa. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts and their fractions was assessed using the disc diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Antiparasitic activity was studied in vitro against the blood stream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and the intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Ethyl acetate (EA) fractions of the three tested algae showed more potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (7-14.5 mm) and B. cereus (7-10.75 mm), MIC values ranged from 0.9375 to 7.5 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> and MBC values > 15 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Concerning the antiparasitic activity, EA factions of S. vulgare (IC<sub>50</sub> = 9.3 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) and R. verruculosa (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.0 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) were found to be more effective against T. brucei brucei, whereas the three EA fractions were little active against P. falciparum.
Investigation of Modified Ni–Cr–Mn Base Alloys for SOFC Interconnect Applications (2006)

Two base alloys based on Haynes 230 were developed and evaluated against criteria relevant to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect applications, which included oxidation behavior under SOFC operating conditions, scale electrical conductivity, and thermal expansion. It was found that, when exposed to air at both sides, the alloys formed a scale, containing , etc.) spinels and as well as some . When exposed to air at one side and hydrogen at the other, however, the scales grown on these alloys at the air side were similar to the ferritic stainless steel Crofer22 APU, comprised of only a , etc.) spinel-rich top layer and -rich sublayer. The modified alloys demonstrated reasonable oxidation resistance under SOFC operating conditions, though the Mn additions increased the scale growth rate and thus sacrificed to some extent the oxidation resistance of the base alloy (Haynes 230). The formation of a spinel-rich top layer improved the scale conductivity, especially during the early stages of oxidation, but the higher scale growth rate resulted in a higher rate of increase in the area-specific electrical resistance. In addition, the base alloys demonstrated a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of anode-supported cells and ferritic stainless steel candidates.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(dimethyl siloxane)−Poly[alkyl (meth)acrylic acid] Block Copolymers (1999)

Block copolymers containing dimethyl siloxane and carboxylic acid sequences were synthesized by group transfer polymerization (GTP) of various methacrylates and acrylates using silyl ketene acetal terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as initiator, followed by hydrolysis of the ester sequences to the free acid. The block copolymers were obtained with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) and trimethyl silyl methacrylate (TMSMA) polymerized more slowly than corresponding acrylates. tert-Butyl and trimethyl silyl ester groups in the poly(meth)acrylate block could be quantitatively hydrolyzed. Most copolymers were contaminated by unincorporated homo-PDMS, which was efficiently removed by hexane or supercritical CO2 extraction. The solubility and thermal properties (DSC, TGA) were investigated for the hydrolyzed amphiphilic polymers.