gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature resolved modeling of plasma abatement of perfluorinated compounds (2001)

Plasma abatement of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is a technology of increasing interest as the semiconductor industry seeks to reduce emission of these global warming gases. This article reports a simulation of point-of-use plasma abatement, in which a high density abatement plasma is placed between the process tool turbomolecular pump and the roughing pump. Oxygen is added to convert the feed PFCs to oxidized species that can then be scrubbed downstream. The simulation is used to examine the transport and chemistry that occurs in these plasmas. Two-dimensional plasma and neutral transport models are coupled to a description of gas and surface plasma chemistry. The simulation shows that, at high electron density and low neutral density, abatement of CF4 is governed by electron impact dissociation. Both the model and experimental measurements predict high peak neutral temperatures (&amp;gt;1500 K) that play a large role in determining the characteristics of these plasmas.
Linearity of coherence probe metrology: simulation and experiment (1991)

Linearity of response is one of the most important features of a measurement system. Linearity implies that accurate linewidths can be obtained from measured values knowing only the slope and offset of the data with respect to reference data taken with another, presumably more accurate, instrument. A first-order linear regression of the data yields the slope, offset, and estimate of the goodness of fit. Ideally, the slope is near unity, so that the magnification scales of the two instruments agree. The offset is considerably less important since, in IC process control, absolute changes in linewidth are often of more concern than the linewidths themselves. This paper demonstrates by simulation and experiment that the linearity (R-Squared) of an optical microscope depends not only upon the characteristics of the tool but also upon the characteristics of the object being measured. In virtually all optical microscopes, transparent structures support waveguide resonant eigenmodes which are strongly affected by geometry and contribute substantially to non- linearities in response. For isolated lines, nonlinearities are found to occur especially at certain widths where the eigenfunctions change rapidly with small change in width. The theory of these singular points is presented. The authors demonstrate that the coherence microscope, which uses both phase and amplitude information, has a potential advantage over brightfield and confocal microscopes in dealing with these problems. The introduction of a 'complex phase filter' in the measurement algorithm greatly reduces unwanted phase noise and its concomitant contribution to non-linearity. The ability to simulate the optical images and resulting measurement non-linearities offers promise in improving understanding and accuracy of optical metrology.
Maurice Gross' grammar lexicon and Natural Language Processing (2005)

Maurice Gross ’ grammar lexicon contains an extremly rich and exhaustive information about the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of French syntactic functors (verbs, adjectives, nouns). Yet its use within natural language processing systems is still restricted. In this paper, we first argue that the information contained in the grammar lexicon is potentially useful for Natural Language Processing (NLP). We then sketch a way to translate this information into a format which is arguably more amenable for use by NLP systems. 1. Maurice Gross’s grammar lexicon Much work in syntax concentrates on identifying and formalising general syntactic rules that are thought to be valid of a large class of words. Typically, Chomsky’s transformation rules describe systematic relations between syntactic structures. And more recently, the lexical rules of e.g., Lexical Functional Grammar systematically describes a pair of syntactic categories deemed to hold of a given class of words. But as Chomsky himself observed (Chomsky, 1965),
Kinetic and equilibrium studies by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance of the formation of acetyl fluoride from acetyl chloride and tetraethylammonium fluoride in acetic acid (1988)

The formation of acetyl fluoride from acetyl chloride and tetraethylammonium fluoride in glacial acetic acid has been studied by 19F n.m.r. The results show that an equilibrium is established slowly at 298 K. For example, a solution initially containing 0.476 mol dm–3 each of acetyl chloride and tetraethylammonium fluoride attains 68% conversion into acetyl fluoride after 21 h, whereas the equilibrium position corresponds to 87% conversion. Evidence is provided to show that the reaction involves rapid formation of acetic anhydride and hydrogen fluoride, which then react slowly to give acetyl fluoride.
Gastrin-releasing peptide, a mammalian analog of bombesin, is present in human neuroendocrine lung tumors. (1984)

Several reports have indicated that the amphibian peptide bombesin is present in oat-cell carcinoma of the human lung. The recent observation that gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a 27-amino acid peptide isolated from porcine intestine, may be the mammalian analog of bombesin led the authors to look for this peptide in human pulmonary tumors. Examination of 36 human lung tumors (8 carcinoids, 8 oat-cell carcinomas, and 20 non-oat-cell carcinomas) by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay demonstrated the presence of high, although variable, levels of GRP in neuroendocrine tumors, and not in other histologic types. These findings indicate that bombesin immunoreactivity in human lung tumors should be attributed to GRP or GRP-like molecules and that GRP may be a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation.
Annotated Sequence Record Sequence analysis of the complete genomes of two Rice tungro spherical virus isolates from India (2007)

Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV, genusWaikavirus, family Sequiviridae) is a plant picornavirus which has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. It is leafhopper-transmitted and causes tungro disease of rice jointly with Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) [7]. Rice tungro disease has become the major cause of production losses in rice during last three decades in several rice growing-states of India [9]. Thus far, the nucleotide sequence of one (CP3) of the three coat protein (CP) genes, the partial sequence of the CP1 gene, and the 30-terminal part of the genome of an Indian RTSV isolate have been reported [4, 14]. Here, we report for the first time the complete nucleotide sequences of two geographically distinct Indian isolates of RTSV and provide molecular evidence that they are closely related to the virulent isolate Vt6 from the Philippines [6]. Unlike RTBV isolates from India and the Philippines, which differ significantly from one another, RTSV genomes from the two countries were shown to be much more conserved.
Characteristics of 400-Meter Walk Test Performance and Subsequent Mortality in Older Adults (2009)

The purpose was to examine the relationship between performance in the 400-meter walking test and mortality. Data are from a population-based sample of 948 Italian men and women > or =65 years. The main outcome measures that were assessed comprised time to complete the 400-meter walk, 20-meter lap time coefficient of variation, need to rest during the test, and ability to complete the walk. All-cause mortality was ascertained over a 6-year follow-up period. Data were analyzed with proportional hazard logistic and linear regression analyses. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, all 400-meter walking test variables except need to rest were associated with mortality. After further adjusting for the Mini-Mental State Examination, symptoms of depression, education, smoking, body mass index, being sedentary/minimally active, disease burden, and lower extremity performance (Short Physical Performance Battery score), both time to complete the 400-meter walk and lap time coefficient of variation were significant independent predictors of mortality. We conclude that multiple aspects of performance in the 400-meter walk test provide complementary information on mortality prognosis in older persons.
Application of metric 3D images of rock faces for the determination of the response of rock slopes to excavation (2026)

Geotechnical analyses in rock engineering practice often rely on simple models. More advanced analysis methods suffer from the lack of information of geotechnical data. Input parameters have to be estimated. If a reasonable estimation is not possible, advanced analysis methods should not be applied. One possibility to improve the geotechnical data acquisition is the application of a remote sensing system and the generation of metric 3D images. Metric 3D images serve as the basis for the assessment of geometrical rock mass properties as well as the size and shape of the outcrop. Evaluations from 3D images facilitate the establishment of a 3D discontinuity network, the determination of discontinuity properties (such as orientation, spacing, trace lengths, etc.) and the geological interpretation. A short review on the development and currently available remote sensing methods is given. The principle of 3D imaging is discussed considering as example the JointMetriX3D system which has been applied in this study. The contribution of data obtained from 3D images to slope analysis methods is described on an advanced block analysis method and the estimation of rock mass properties for numerical analysis.
Down-scaling limitations in CMOS devices: Is there a role for the ferroelectrics? (1995)

Abstract This paper reviews down-scaling limitations in CMOS devices, with a special emphasis on the possible application of ferroelectric materials. Ultimate limit in reduction of the thickness of gate oxide is found as the most important limitation. The possibility of replacing or enhancing the gate oxide by a ferroelectric material is critically considered in view of the desired properties of the silicon - to - gate insulator interface.
Strain and temperature sensing based on multimode interference in partially chlorinated polymer optical fibers (2015)

We develop strain and temperature sensors based on multimode interference in a partially chlorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (PCGI-POF) and experimentally investigate their sensing performance at room temperature using incident light of ∼1300 nm wavelength. The length of the PCGI-POF was 0.7 m. The measured strain and temperature sensitivities were −4.47 pm/µε and +9.66 nm/°C/m, respectively, the absolute values of which were 0.29 times and over 350 times the values in a silica GI-MMF. This result suggests that the modal interference in PCGI-POFs is potentially applicable to high-sensitivity temperature measurement with low strain sensitivity.
Shape-based pedestrian detection and localization (2004)

This work presents a vision-based system for detecting and localizing pedestrians in road environments by means of a statistical technique. Initially, attentive vision techniques relying on the search for specific characteristics of pedestrians such as vertical symmetry and strong presence of edges, allow to select interesting regions likely to contain pedestrians. These regions are then used to estimate the localization of pedestrians using a Kalman filter estimator.
Powerful pulsed THz radiation from laser-accelerated relativistic electron bunches (2004)

Coherent THz radiation was produced from relativistic electron bunches of subpicosecond duration. The electron beam was produced by strongly focused (&#8776; 6 &#956;m), high peak power (up to 10 TW), ultra-short (&ge;50 fs) laser pulses of a 10 Hz repetition rate Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system via self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration (SM-LWFA) in a high density (> 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>) pulsed gas jet. As the electrons exit the plasma, coherent transition radiation is generated at the plasma-vacuum boundary for wavelengths long compared to the bunch length. Radiation yield in the 0.3 to 19 THz range and at 94 GHz has been measured and found to depend quadratically on the bunch charge. The measured total radiated energy in the THz range for two different collection angles is in good agreement with theory. Modeling indicates that optimization of this table-top source could provide more than 100 &#956;J/pulse. Together with intrinsic synchronization to the laser pulse, this will enable numerous applications requiring intense terahertz radiation. This radiation can also be applied as a useful tool for measuring the properties of laser accelerated bunches at the exit of the plasma accelerator.
Vocal production in nonhuman primates: Acoustics, physiology, and functional constraints on “honest” advertisement (1995)

The physiological mechanisms and acoustic principles underlying sound production in primates are important for analyzing and synthesizing primate vocalizations, for determining the range of calls that are physically producible, and for understanding primate communication in the broader comparative context of what is known about communication in other vertebrates. In this paper we discuss what is known about vocal production in nonhuman primates, relying heavily on models from speech and musical acoustics. We first describe the role of the lungs and larynx in generating the sound source, and then discuss the effects of the supralaryngeal vocal tract in modifying this source. We conclude that more research is needed to resolve several important questions about the acoustics of primate calls, including the nature of the vocal tract's contribution to call production. Nonetheless, enough is known to explore the implications of call acoustics for the evolution of primate communication. In particular, we discuss how anatomy and physiology may provide constraints resulting in "honest" acoustic indicators of body size. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Giant linewidth enhancement factor and purely frequency modulated emission from quantum dot laser (2005)

Giant effective linewidth enhancement factors, close to 60, are measured on a quantum dot laser under specific biasing conditions. Consequently, 2.5 Gbit/s purely frequency modulated signal is obtained by direct current modulation at this operation point.
Electroless deposition of barrier and seed layers for via last Cu-TSV metalization (2012)

We formed conformal diffusion barrier in a high aspect ratio through-silicon via using electroless plating. Dense adsorption of a Pd nanoparticle catalyst on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> assisted the formation of a thin electroless Co-W-B layer, and electroless Cu seed layer could be deposited on it. The adhesion strength of a Co-W-B film was enhanced by reducing the film thickness, and the maximum value was obtained at a thickness of 20 nm. The Co-W-B layer showed good barrier property against Cu diffusion to SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> after annealing at 300°C, although a slight diffusion of Pd atoms in Cu was observed.
Helping scientists reconnect their datasets (2014)

It seems inevitable that the datasets associated with a research project proliferate over time: collaborators may extend datasets with new measurements and new attributes, new experimental runs result in new files with similar structures, and subsets of data are extracted for independent analysis. As these "residual" datasets begin to accrete over time, scientists can lose track of the derivation history that connects them, complicating data sharing, provenance tracking, and scientific reproducibility. In this paper, focusing on data in spreadsheets, we consider how observable relationships between two datasets can help scientists recall their original derivation connection. For instance, if dataset A is wholly contained in dataset B, B may be a more recent version of A and should be preferred when archiving or publishing.
Hypersonic Wake Diagnostics Using Laser Induced Fluorescence Techniques (2011)

A review of recent research performed in iodine that involves a two photon absorption of light at 193 nm will be discussed, and it’s potential application to velocimetry measure-ments in a hypersonic flow field will be described. An alternative seed atom, Krypton, will be presented as a good candidate for performing nonintrusive hypersonic flow diagnostics. Krypton has a metastable state with a lifetime of approximately 43 s which would prove useful for time of flight measurement (TOF) and a sensitivity to collisions that can be uti-lized for density measurements. Calculations using modest laser energies and experimental values show an efficiency of excited state production to be on the order of 10−6 for a two photon absorption at 193 nm to the 6p [3/2]2 state. I.
Effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-1, 3-D-glucan (branch β-1, 6) isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain black yeast on restraint stress in mice (2007)

It is well known that different stress paradigms are able to rapidly induce corticosterone production and immune function through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It has been reported that glucocorticoids suppress natural killer (NK) activity and interleukin (IL)-1 production and, on the other hand, that IL-1 and IL-6 stimulate the release of corticotrophin-releasing-hormone from the rat hypothalamus. Moreover, it has been reported that IL-12 plays a central role in the initiation of cell-mediated immunity, directly and via its induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma and activation of NK cells. In this study, we examined the effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain on the corticosterone levels and immune function, such as NK activity and IL-6 and IL-12 production, using a restraint stress-induced mouse model. The water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan at a dose of 50 or 100 mg kg(-1) inhibited the increases in the blood corticosterone level and the reduction of NK activity induced by restraint stress. Furthermore, the water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan (100 mg kg(-1)) prevented the reduction of IL-6 and IL-12 production by splenocytes caused by restraint stress. These findings suggest that the inhibitory actions of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-glucan on the increase in corticosterone level and reduction of NK activity induced by restraint stress may be associated with the abrogation of the IL-6 and IL-12 reduction caused by the stress. Thus, water-soluble low-molecularweight beta-glucan may be an effective dietary supplement for the prevention of stress.
Modeling of Resonance-splitting in Forward-biased Active Silicon Ring Resonators (2022)

Resonance-splitting is measured in active silicon micro-ring resonators, resulting from the coupling between counter-rotating modes. Parameters of the model, using Temporal Coupled Mode Theory (TCMT), are obtained by fitting the model to the experimental results.
Enhanced Partial Update Beamforming for Closed Loop MIMO Systems (2006)

This work proposes a novel adaptive transmit beamforming algorithm, suitable for single-beam multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing closed-loop feedback channels with low rate. A low computational complexity solution is achieved by means of a partial update strategy, in which only one of the complex baseband weights of the transmit antenna array is modified at each instance. The new algorithm can operate sequentially over the antennas, or employ a signal-dependent criterion that determines which antenna coefficient to update. The solution for the weight under consideration maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver, given the current channel state and beamforming weights. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm reaches near optimal bit error probability (BEP) performance in low mobility scenarios, and offers advantages over non-recursive codebook solutions on a wide range of fading rates. The formulas presented in this paper specialize to a new solution in the single receive antenna multiple-input single-output (MISO) case, which allows an intuitive geometrical interpretation. The new MISO formulation is shown to outperform a recently proposed partial update beamforming scheme for single receive antenna systems.
Preparation and Characterization of Ferroelectric BaTi0.91(Hf0.5, Zr0.5)0.09O3 Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process Using Titanium and Zirconium Alkoxides (2000)

Sol-gel-derived BaTi 0.91 (Hf 0.5 , Zr 0.5 ) 0.09 O 3 (BTHZ-9) thin films have been successfully prepared on Pt and Pt(111)/Ti/SiO 2 /Si(100) substrates by spin-coating and sintering from 550 to 900°C for 2 h in oxygen ambient. X-ray diffraction measurement indicated that the single perovskite phase of the BTHZ-9 thin films was obtained at heat treatment above 650°C. The formation temperature of the double-alkoxy-derived BTHZ-9 thin films was lower by at least 80°C than that of the films prepared from only titanium alkoxide. The microstructure of the films was observed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The grain size of the films increased from 70 to 200 nm with increasing sintering temperature ranging from 650 to 850°C. The maximum peak for the dielectric constant, corresponding to the Curie point (87°C), was broad and lower in magnitude compared with that of the BTHZ-9 bulk ceramics. Tensile stresses resulting from the differences between thermal expansion coefficients of the substrate and the film caused poor electrical properties. BTHZ-9 thin films exhibited a well-saturated polarization-electric field hysteresis loop. The polarization and coercive field for the 850-nm-thick BTHZ-9 thin film prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate at 750°C were determined to be 8 µC/cm 2 and 15 kV/cm, respectively. Those of the BTHZ-9 thin film prepared on Pt substrate at 850°C were found to be 9 µC/cm 2 and 18 kV/cm, respectively.
Supporting cooperative medicine: the Bermed Project (1994)

Bermed logically integrates distributed, multimedia patient data and gives authorized physicians transparent access to it through a single workstation. In conjunction with this integration, the project provides asynchronous remote access to the data and synchronous desktop conferencing between physicians connected by ATM and ISDN wide area networks. Although other projects around the world have similar aims and implementations, Bermed seems unique in its wide area logical integration of distributed patient records covering multiple specialties and in its large-scale field trials using advanced broadband communications. We summarize parts of the Bermed effort, concentrating on how it integrates patient data and supports physician cooperation through remote access to documents and multimedia desktop conferencing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coupling of Integrin α5 to Annexin A2 by Flow Drives Endothelial Activation (2020)

Our data elucidate a novel endothelial mechanotransduction molecular mechanism linking atheroprone flow and activation of integrin α5β1, thereby identifying a class of potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Graphic Abstract: An graphic abstract is available for this article.