gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decline in Learning Ability Best Predicts Future Dementia Type: The Freedom House Study (2003)

The authors studied longitudinal change in learning efficiency as a predictor of future dementia type among healthy, well-educated, noninstitutionalized elderly retirees. Serial assessments of memory were obtained using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Latent growth (LG) models were developed from the slopes of the subjects' performance over the first five CVLT learning trials at each of three serial administrations (e.g., cohort inception [i.e., baseline] [CVLT1], 18 months [CVLT2] and 36 months [CVLT3]). The resulting growth curves were incorporated into a higher order LG model representing the dynamic change in learning efficiency over time (DeltaCVLT). DeltaCVLT was used to predict each subject's "dementia type" (i.e., clinical state) at 36 months (e.g., no dementia, Type 1 [Alzheimer type] dementia or Type 2 [non-Alzheimer type] dementia), after adjusting for CVLT1, baseline age, and baseline dementia type. Nonlinear (logarithmic) LG models of CVLT1-CVLT3 and DeltaCVLT best fit the data. There was significant variability about both CVLT1 and DeltaCVLT, suggesting subgroups in the sample with significantly different baseline memory function, and different rates of deterioration in learning efficiency. Age, baseline dementia type, and DeltaCVLT made significant independent contributions to final dementia type. CVLT1 did not predict final dementia type independently of the other covariates. These data suggest that baseline memory performance in noninstitutionalized elderly retirees does not predict future dementia type independently of the dynamic rate of change in memory measures. Serial administrations of memory tests may help identify nondemented persons at greater or lesser risk for conversion to frank dementia in the near-term.
ADVERSE EFFECT AFTER EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY FOR BRAIN TUMORS (1989)

In the last decades radiotherapy induced brain injury has become an emerging issue for physicians. Brain RT-induced injury has been classified, according to its time of onset, into acute, early delayed, and late forms. The latter is not reversible. Etiopathogenesys of brain damage after RT has been at length discussed, vascular injury and white matter pathologic changes have been described. In our study we described the neurological cognitive and behavioural disruption produced by radiotherapy in primary brain neoplasia; moreover we demonstrated that the effect of radiation on the brain has a classic time dependent course, with a severity related to total radiation dose, individual fraction size, and the volume of brain irradiated. The patients, who suffered from the consequence of RT, did show slowness of executive functions, and profound alterations of frontal functions, such as attention focusing, mentation control, analogical judgement and insight, not differently from those obtained by the patients suffering from subcortical vascular dementia. The overall result of high dose- RT might be a severely demented, bedridden patient, who “has been cured” for his primary disease, the brain tumour, but it constrains us to make serious consideration before radiation therapy onset and in order to implement new strategies to avoid this damage.
Mendelian obesity, molecular pathways and pharmacological therapies: a review. (2019)

We summarized the molecular bases of Mendelian obesity and searched for any clinical trials completed or underway for the treatment of severe forms of obesity. Most Mendelian obesities are linked to dysfunctions in the leptin/melanocortin signaling pathway, and most of the possible drugs target this pathway in order to improve energy expenditure and reduce food intake.
Predictive Models for Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (1986)

The present paper has discussed available test systems for determination of the response of G-6-PD-deficient human erythrocytes to environmental agents. The limitations and advantages of each model have been examined, and the results of research using each model have been presented. The future development of suitable animal models or in vitro test systems may rely on advances in fields such as genetics and biochemistry. Genetic engineering may allow researchers to develop cells with a genetic deficiency of G-6-PD. These deficient cells could then be used to simulate human G-6-PD-deficient erythrocyte responses to various agents. Advances in biochemistry, in areas such as metabolism and enzymology, may also have an impact on future test systems. Due to the fact that present model systems are limited and their predictions often unreliable, the establishment of safe environmental health standards will depend upon advances in modern science and the converging of developments from various disciplines.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of Conagenin Diastereoisomers. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Clonal Hematopoiesis Mutations in Solid Tumor Patients Undergoing Unpaired Next-Generation Sequencing Assays (2018)

Abstract Purpose: In this era of precision-based medicine, for optimal patient care, results reported from commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays should adequately reflect the burden of somatic mutations in the tumor being sequenced. Here, we sought to determine the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis leading to possible misattribution of tumor mutation calls on unpaired Foundation Medicine NGS assays. Experimental Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals undergoing NGS of solid tumors from two large cancer centers. We identified and quantified mutations in genes known to be frequently altered in clonal hematopoiesis (DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, ATM, CHEK2, SF3B1, CBL, JAK2) that were returned to physicians on clinical Foundation Medicine reports. For a subset of patients, we explored the frequency of true clonal hematopoiesis by comparing mutations on Foundation Medicine reports with matched blood sequencing. Results: Mutations in genes that are frequently altered in clonal hematopoiesis were identified in 65% (1,139/1,757) of patients undergoing NGS. When excluding TP53, which is often mutated in solid tumors, these events were still seen in 35% (619/1,757) of patients. Utilizing paired blood specimens, we were able to confirm that 8% (18/226) of mutations reported in these genes were true clonal hematopoiesis events. The majority of DNMT3A mutations (64%, 7/11) and minority of TP53 mutations (4%, 2/50) were clonal hematopoiesis. Conclusions: Clonal hematopoiesis mutations are commonly reported on unpaired NGS testing. It is important to recognize clonal hematopoiesis as a possible cause of misattribution of mutation origin when applying NGS findings to a patient's care. See related commentary by Pollyea, p. 5790
Properties of a parameterization of radon projection by the reconstruction on circular disc (2010)

An angular parameterization of parallel Radon projections referred to in this paper as &psi;-parameterization is discussed in relevance to the efficiency of reconstruction from fan data. The fact that the &psi;-parameterization coincides with the equiangular fan beam parameterization allows us to develop a simple and efficient approach useful for the reconstruction from fan data. Within this approach parallel projections are approximated by groups of semi-parallel rays. The reconstruction is carried out directly, i.e. without any modification of original data, at the speed which is comparable or even higher than that of the parallel Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm.
Comparison of a Nucleosidic vs Non-Nucleosidic Postsynthetic “Click” Modification of DNA with Base-Labile Fluorescent Probes (2009)

The azides 1 and 2 bearing a phenoxazinium and a coumarin fluorophore, respectively, were applied in postsynthetic "click"-type bioconjugation and coupled to oligonucleotides modified with alkyne groups using two alternative approaches: (i) as a nucleotide modification at the 2'-position of uridine and (ii) as a nucleotide substitution using (S)-(-)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol as an acyclic linker between the phosphodiester bridges. The corresponding alkynylated phosporamidites 3 and 6 were used as DNA building blocks for the preparation of alkyne-bearing DNA duplexes. The base pairs adjacent to the site of modification and the base opposite to it were varied in the DNA sequences. The modified duplexes were investigated by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy (including melting temperatures) and fluorescence spectroscopy in order to study the different optical properties of the two chromophores and to evaluate their potential for bioanalytical applications. The sequence-selective fluorescence quenching of phenoxazinium 1 differs only slightly and does not depend on the type of modification, meaning whether it has been attached to the 2'-position of uridine or as DNA base surrogate using the acyclic glycol linker. The 2'-chromophore-modified uridine still recognizes adenine as the counterbase, and the duplexes exhibit a sufficient thermal stability that is comparable to that of unmodified duplexes. Thus, the application of the 2'-modification site of uridine is preferred in comparison to glycol-assisted DNA base surrogates. Accordingly, the coumarin dye azide 2 was attached only to the 2'-position of uridine. The significant Stokes shift of approximately 100 nm and the good quantum yields make the coumarin chromophore a powerful fluorescent label for nucleic acids.
Dryer using high frequency vibration (2023)

A dryer includes a plurality of piezoelectric transducers in electrical communication with a high frequency piezoelectric oscillation generator. The piezoelectric oscillation generator controls the duty cycle and resonant frequency source signal that drive the plurality of piezoelectric transducers non-continuously. The piezoelectric transducers dry the wet articles without heating air passing through the articles.
The Slow Pace of Reform Clouds the Libyan Succession (2010)

Over the last decade, Libya has undergone a remarkable international transformation, re-establishing commercial and diplomatic relations with the world�s leading powers. Domestically, Libya has also attempted to move in new directions; unfortunately, internal reforms have not been as speedy or as far-reaching as Libya�s international make-over. Several factors have contributed to the sporadic and incomplete reforms implemented to date. However, the most significant one remains the gulf that exists between the myths, ideas and beliefs of the One September Revolution and the social, economic and political realities they profess to explain. Conservative and progressive forces in Libya continue to struggle over the direction and pace of internal reform, a fight whose outcome will likely influence, if not determine, the eventual successor to Muammar al-Qaddafi.
Isolation and Properties of a Temperature-Sensitive Sporulation Mutant of Bacillus subtilis (1970)

A thermosensitive sporulation mutant (t(s)-4) of Bacillus subtilis was isolated, and its morphological, physiological, and enzymatic properties were investigated. This mutant is able to grow equally well at 30 and 42 C, but is unable to sporulate at the higher temperature. Electron microscope studies have shown that the t(s)-4 mutant is blocked at stage zero of spore development. This was further confirmed by its inability to produce antibiotic when grown at the restrictive temperature and by the relatively low ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein turnover during the stationary growth phase, characteristic for stage zero asporogenic mutants. At the permissive temperature, however, antibiotic production and RNA and protein turnover took place at the rate normally found in sporogenic strains of B. subtilis. The above properties were not altered in the parent strain when grown at either 30 or 42 C. By shifting cultures of the t(s)-4 mutant from 30 to 42 C and from 42 to 30 C at different stages of growth, we have been further able to show that the event affected at the high temperature takes place at a very early stage of spore development. As a consequence of this early block in the sporulation process, the t(s)-4 mutant grown at 42 C became defective in the late spore-specific enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dipicolinic acid. This study suggests that the sporulation process is mediated by a regulatory protein which is altered in the thermosensitive mutant when grown at the restrictive temperature. As a result of this alteration, a pleiotropic phenotype is produced which has lost the ability to catalyze the late biochemical reactions required for spore formation.
Differentiation between aberrant ventricular conduction and ventricular ectopy in atrial fibrillation using RR interval scattergram. (1993)

BACKGROUND Differentiation between aberrant ventricular conduction and ventricular ectopy during atrial fibrillation (AF) is of etiologic, prognostic, and therapeutic importance. We developed a noninvasive technique to diagnose aberrant ventricular conduction and ventricular ectopy in AF. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the Holter ECGs of 34 patients with paroxysmal AF and 62 patients with chronic AF. In all the patients, frequent wide QRS complexes were observed, and 32 patients were shown by electrophysiological examination to have ventricular ectopies or aberrant ventricular conductions. We obtained the RR interval scattergrams by plotting sequential pairs of RR intervals. Each point has the (n)th RR interval as its x value and the (n + 1)th RR interval as its y value. The irregularity of the RR intervals in AF resulted in widely scattered points delineated by the envelope along the axes. The y value of the envelope along the x axis indicates the shortest coupling interval to the preceding RR interval. Therefore, this curve defines the functional refractory period of atrioventricular conduction. The scattergram of the RR interval pairs immediately preceding the aberrant conduction (coupling points of aberrant conduction) specifically distributed along the envelope. In contrast, the coupling points of ventricular ectopies showed different distributions that had no relation to the envelope. That is, it included three typical patterns, ie, linear distribution below the envelope, linear distribution partially overlapped in the area of normal AF conduction, and chaotic distribution in the AF area. None of the scattergrams of ventricular ectopies showed curvilinear distribution along the envelope as aberrant conduction did. The specific distribution of the aberrant conduction on the RR interval scattergram suggested that aberrant conduction in AF could result from the difference of refractory periods between the AV node and bundle branch block. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the RR interval scattergram makes it possible to differentiate between aberrant ventricular conduction and ventricular ectopy in atrial fibrillation, and thus, it is a useful noninvasive clinical tool.
Cashless and card-based technologies in gambling:A review of the literature (2008)

The aim of this report is to provide the Gambling Commission and its stakeholders with an overview of empirical evidence and other relevant literature by which to better understand the arguments for and against the introduction of cashless and card-based technologies including cashless and card-based responsible gambling features (CCRGF) to reduce problem gambling and promote responsible gambling. This report also identifies current and emerging cashless and card-based technologies, considers various approaches to regulation in other jurisdictions and identifies ongoing and planned research.
Development of a Parent-Report Cognitive Function Item Bank Using Item Response Theory and Exploration of its Clinical Utility in Computerized Adaptive Testing (2011)

The pedsPCF has sound psychometric properties, U.S. general population norms, and a brief-yet-precise CAT version is available. Future work will evaluate pedsPCF in other clinical populations in which cognitive function is important.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Genosensor for the Detection of Fusarium culmorum (2012)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based DNA biosensors have been shown to be rapid, label-free, and selective tools for the detection of PCR products. Here, we describe an SPR sensor based on DNA hybridization for the detection of Fusarium culmorum, a fungal pathogen of wheat. A 0.57 kb DNA fragment of F. culmorum was amplified by specific primers, and a 25-mer oligonucleotide probe was selected within the sequence of the PCR amplicon. The biotin-labeled probe was immobilized on a streptavidin sensor chip and tested for biospecific interaction with PCR products of F. culmorum. The SPR biosensor was applied to the detection of F. culmorum in fungal cultures and in naturally infected wheat samples.
[Habitat suitability evaluation for Angelica dahurica planting in Yanting county,Sichuan province based on GIS]. (2019)

It is of great significance to analyze habitable suitability of genuine medicinal materials for Chinese herbal medicine planting according to local environment,for medicinal resources protecting and for reasonable planning introduction. Based on GIS technology,the analytic hierarchy process was applied to analyze the spatial differentiation of habitat suitability of Angelica dahurica in Yanting county of Sichuan province. The evaluation combined local geographical environment characteristics and habitat requirements for A. dahurica planting and adopted the expert experience method to screen out the evaluation index for establishing evaluation system.With the established evaluation system,the index weight of evaluating index was determined by analytic hierarchy process and their grouping values were assigned by Delphi method. The all evaluating index were translated into index distribution maps using Arc GIS software. Using the comprehensive factor weighted evaluating model and spatial index distribution map,the evaluation was obtained by means of the overlay analysis function of Arc GIS 10. 3 software. RESULTS:: showed that A. dahurica had a wide range of suitable planting areas in Yanting county. Highly suitable areas amounted to 165. 01 km2,and mainly distributed in the low hilly area with moderate elevation and fertile soil. Moderately suitable areas amounted to 798. 92 km2 which had extensive distribution in middle and west part of the county. Marginally suitable areas amounted to 0. 33 km2,where the soil was highly viscous with high altitude and low temperature that was not conducive to the growth and development of A. dahurica. Adapting to local conditions and scientific planning plays an important role in the development of local characteristic planting industry of genuine medicinal materials.
El buitre leonado marca el rumbo a seguir: estado y conservación de las rapaces necrófagas en Aragón (2008)

The purpose of this study was to develop a multipurpose incubator, without the gas cylinders (bottles) which are required for H2 and CO2 supplementation. In our bottle-free multipurpose incubator, the H2 and CO2 were generated by chemical reactions induced within the chamber. The reaction between sodium borohydride and acetic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1 was used to generate H2, according to the following formula: 4NaBH4 + 2CH3COOH + 7H2O --> 2CH3COONa + Na2B4(O7) + 16H2, whereas the other reaction, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate at a 1:1 molar ratio, was used to generate CO2, according to the following formula: C6H8(O7) + 3NaHCO3 --> Na3(C6H5(O7)) + 3H2O + 3CO2. Five species of obligate anaerobic bacteria, one strain of capnophilic bacterium, and one strain of microaerophilic bacterium were successfully cultured in the presence of their respective suitable conditions, all of which were successfully generated by our bottle-free multipurpose incubator. We conclude that, due to its greater safety, versatility, and significantly lower operating costs, this bottle-free multipurpose incubator can be used for the production of fastidious bacterial cultures, and constitutes a favorable step above existing anaerobic incubators.
R edetermination of the Structure of Gd 2CUO4: A Site Population Analysis (1988)

positions determined were significantly displaced from those obtained by Kierkegaard. The Mo environment consists of two short bonds to 04 and 06 typical of a bent molybdenyl group, three normal Mo-O bonds linking to phosphate groups and a more weakly bound D20 molecule with an Mo-O distance of 2.27 A. The phosphate group is protonated as is found in other transition-metal phosphates, for example Zr(HPO4)2.H20. The P-O-H group hydrogen bonds reasonably strongly to 04, which is the sole interaction between the double chains. The water-molecule geometry is typical for this species in hydrated inorganic compounds; it is held in the y = 0.25 plane by a weak hydrogen bond between D2 and 03. The presence of this structural feature fits with the strong absorption at 1620cm -t in the IR spectrum which is due to the H20 symmetric bend. The coordination geometry of Mo is similar to that observed in molecular Mo[(CH3)2NCHO]202CI 2 (Florian & Corey, 1968) where a bent MoO 2 group' coordinated to oxygen and chlorine in an approximately octahedral environment. In MoO2DPO4.D20, however, the phosphate groups link the molybdenyl moieties into infinite chains. The authors wish to thank the ILL, Grenoble, for the use of neutron beam facilities. We also thank the SERC for a grant for work in this field and a studentship for RGB.
Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 regulates inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages induced by TNF-α (2020)

ABSTRACT Obesity is associated with elevated levels of TNF-α and proinflammatory CD11c monocytes /macrophages. TNF-α mediated dysregulation in the plasticity of monocytes/macrophages is concomitant with pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including metabolic syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Since neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2; product of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 gene, SMPD3 ) is a key enzyme for ceramide production involved in inflammation, we investigated whether nSMase2 contributed to the inflammatory changes in the monocytes/macrophages induced by TNF-α. In this study, we demonstrate that the disruption of nSMase activity in monocytes/macrophages either by chemical inhibitor GW4869 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against SMPD3 results in defects in the TNF-α mediated expression of CD11c. Furthermore, blockage of nSMase in monocytes/macrophages inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators IL-1b and MCP-1. In contrast, inhibition of acid SMase (aSMase) activity did not attenuate CD11c expression or secretion of IL-1b and MCP-1. TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and NF-κB was also attenuated by the inhibition of nSMase2. Moreover, NF-kB/AP-1 activity was blocked by the inhibition of nSMase2. SMPD3 was elevated in PBMCs from obese individuals and positively corelated with TNF-α gene expression. These findings indicate that nSMase2 acts, at least in part, as a master switch in the TNF-α mediated inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages.
Series-Functional Ion Exchange. 2-3. Adsorptive Separation Behavior of Chitosan and Chemically Modified Chitosan for Metal Ions. 3. Preparation of Chitosan Derivatives Containing Pyridyl, Thienyl, and Methylthio Groups and Their Selective Adsorption for Metal Ions. (1997)

キトサンの架橋反応による吸着量の著しい低下を防ぐための新しい合成プロセスを開発した。このプロセスに従って合成されたピリジンを含むキトサン誘導体は, 銅 (II) および貴金属イオンに高い選択性を示し, 一方, 硫黄原子を含むキトサン誘導体はベースメタルをほとんど吸着せず, 貴金属イオンに対して高い選択性を示した。これらのパラジウムに対する飽和吸着量は, 市販のキレート樹脂と比較して2～3倍の吸着性能を示した。これらの優れた吸着特性を発現する要因を化学構造と関連づけて考察した。