gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse High‐Volume Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients: A New Approach for Patients with Septic Shock (2006)

Mortality rates in septic shock remain unacceptably high despite advances in our understanding of the syndrome and its treatment. Humoral factors are increasingly recognized to participate in the pathogenesis of septic shock, giving a biological rationale to therapies that might remove varied and potentially dangerous humoral mediators. While plasma water exchange in the form of hemofiltration can remove circulating cytokines in septic patients, the procedure, as routinely performed, does not have a substantial impact on their plasma levels. More intensive plasma water exchange, as high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF)can reduce levels of these mediators and potentially improve clinical outcomes. However, there are concerns about the feasibility and costs of HVHF as a continuous modality--very high volumes are difficult to maintain over 24 hours and solute kinetics are not optimized by this regimen. We propose pulse HVHF (PHVHF)-HVHF of 85 ml/kg/hr for 6-8 hours followed by continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) of 35 ml/kg/hr for 16-18 hours-as a new method to combine the advantages of HVHFimprove solute kinetics, and minimize logistic problems. We treated 15 critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock using daily PHVHF in order to evaluate the feasibility of the technique, its effects on hemodynamics, and the impact of the treatment on pathologic apoptosis in sepsis. Hemodynamic improvements were obtained after 6 hours of PHVHF and were maintained subsequently by standard CVVHas demonstrated by the reduction in norepinephrine dose. PHVHFbut not CVVHsignificantly reduces apoptotic plasma activity within 1 hour and the pattern was maintained in the following hours. PHVHF appears to be a feasible modality that may provide the same or greater benefits as HVHFwhile reducing the workload and cost.
Phase II Trial of Carmustine Plus O6-Benzylguanine for Patients With Nitrosourea-Resistant Recurrent or Progressive Malignant Glioma (2002)

These results indicate that O(6)-BG plus BCNU at the dose schedule used in this trial is unsuccessful in producing tumor regression in patients with nitrosourea-resistant malignant glioma, although stable disease was seen in five patients for 6, 12, 12, 12, and 18 weeks. Future use of this approach will require strategies to minimize dose-limiting toxicity of BCNU such as regional delivery or hematopoietic stem-cell protection.
Long-haul transmission of polarization multiplexed signals with coherent detection (2010)

We discuss the long haul-transmission of 50 GHz wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) 111-Gb/s POLMUX-RZ-QPSK and 224-Gb/s POLMUX-RZ-16QAM channels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using non-dispersion managed (NDM) links and super large effective area (SLA) fiber can considerably enhance the transmission performance of 111-Gb/s and 224-Gb/s channels.
Restoration of Altered MicroRNA Expression in the Ischemic Heart with Resveratrol (2010)

Rats pretreated with resveratrol for 3 weeks leads to significant cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. A unique signature of miRNA profile is observed in control heart pretreated with resveratrol or longevinex. We have determined specific group of miRNA in heart that have altered during IR injuries. Most of those altered microRNA expressions modulated close to their basal level in resveratrol or longevinex treated I/R mice.
Mutational Analysis of Protein Splicing, Cleavage, and Self-Association Reactions Mediated by the Naturally Split Ssp DnaE Intein (2004)

The ability to separately purify the naturally split Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Ssp) DnaE intein domains has allowed detailed examination of both universal and Ssp DnaE intein-specific steps in the protein splicing pathway. By engineering substitutions at both the +1 and penultimate intein positions, we have further characterized intein reaction kinetics in this system. Replacement of the crucial +1Cys with serine decreased N-terminal cleavage and trans-splicing rates; however, this substitution did not prevent splicing or the ability of ZnCl2 to inhibit it. Substitution of the penultimate intein residue (alanine) with a typically conserved histidine did not increase the rate or extent of trans-splicing or cleavage under typical assay conditions. Despite the observation that this histidine aids in asparagine cyclization for other inteins, it did not encourage C-terminal cleavage for the Ssp DnaE intein or uncouple it from N-terminal cleavage. Both the +1Ser and Ala to His mutants were insensitive to ZnCl2 during trans-cleavage experiments, uncoupling a previously linked inhibition in asparagine cyclization from an inhibition in trans-thioesterification detected for the wild-type intein.
Proactive caching of DNS records: addressing a performance bottleneck (2002)

The resolution of a host name to an IP-address is a necessary predecessor to connection establishment and HTTP exchanges. Nonetheless, DNS resolutions often involve multiple remote name-servers and prolong Web response times. To alleviate this problem name servers and Web browsers cache query results. Name servers currently incorporate passive cache management where records are brought into the cache only as a result of clients' requests and are used for the TTL duration (a TTL value is provided with each record). We propose and evaluate different enhancements to passive caching that reduce the fraction of HTTP connection establishments that are delayed by long DNS resolutions. Renewal policies refresh selected expired cached entries by issuing unsolicited queries. Trace-based simulations using Web proxy logs demonstrated that a significant fraction of cache misses can be eliminated with a moderate overhead. Simultaneous-validation (SV) transparently uses expired records. A DNS query is issued if the respective cached entry is no longer fresh, but concurrently, the expired entry is used to connect to the Web server and fetch the requested content. The content is served only if the expired records used turn out to be in agreement with the query response.
Acetylene black incorporated three-dimensional porous SnS2 nanoflowers with high performance for lithium storage (2012)

Acetylene black incorporated porous 3-dimensional (3D) SnS2 nanoflowers have been successfully synthesized via a simple solvothermal route assisted by polyethylene glycol. The composites are composed of acetylene black adorned SnS2 secondary microspheres with diameters of around 2–3 μm, which are assembled from a number of nanosheets with thicknesses of 20–50 nm. The nanocomposites possess a large specific surface area of 129.9 m2 g−1 and a high conductivity of 0.345 S cm−1. As anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the nanocomposites show high cyclability and rate capability and deliver an average reversible capacity as high as 525 mAh g−1 at a current density of 400 mA g−1 over 70 cycles. The high electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of acetylene black and the unique microstructure of SnS2. The acetylene black serves as not only a conductive agent to accelerate the transfer of electrons in the composites, but also as a buffer matrix to restrain the volume change and stabilize the electrode structure during the alloying/dealloying process. The porous structure of SnS2 also helps to stabilize the electrode structure and facilitates the transport for lithium ions.
Effects of power conservation, wireless coverage and cooperation on data dissemination among mobile devices (2001)

This paper presents 7DS, a novel peer-to-peer data sharing system. Peers can be either mobile or stationary. 7DS is an architecture, a set of protocols and an implementation enabling the exchange of data among peers that are not necessarily connected to the Internet. It runs as an application complementary to other data access approaches (such as via base stations or info-stations). It anticipates the information needs of users and fulfills them by searching for information among peers. We evaluate via extensive simulations the effectiveness of our system in data dissemination for mobile devices. We model several general data dissemination approaches and investigate the effect of the wireless coverage range,network size, query mechanism, cooperation strategy among the mobile hosts and power conservation with a large number of user mobility scenarios. Using theory from random walks and random environments and diffusion of controlled processes, we model one of these data dissemination schemes and show that the analysis confirms the simulation results for this scheme.
Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations into Active Site Structure and Reaction Mechanism of Manganese-Dependent Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase (2017)

Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations into Active Site Structure and Reaction Mechanism of Manganese-Dependent Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase
A GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF 4-HYDROXY-2-ALKYLCYCLOPENTENONES (1977)

Abstract The electrooxidation of t-butyl 2-furylacetate (2) yielded dimethoxy dihydrofuran (3), which was transformed by hydrolysis to 4-hydroxy-5-carbo-t-butoxycyclopentenone (4). The reaction of the cyclopentenone with alkyl halides, followed by the decarboxylation and rearrangement afforded the 4-hydroxy-2-alkylcyclopentenone (1), one of which was the PGE2 precursor.
Design and Adaptive Control of Matrix Transformer Based Indirect Converter for Large-Capacity Circuit Breaker Testing Application (2020)

Circuit breakers (CBs) play an important role in distribution networks. According to IEC standards, protection characteristics need to be investigated to ensure reliability in the manufacturing process. It is required from IEC 60947 that the instantaneous release shall be verified with a test current at least 10 times greater than the rated current. For large-capacity CB testing, converters with large output current, high accuracy and fast response are needed. A large current indirect converter including four converting units and a matrix transformer is proposed. The converting units are synchronized using a complex programmable logic device (CPLD)-based logic control unit. To increase the current accuracy, an adaptive feedforward control strategy is developed to compensate for the influences of CB-dependent resistances and inductances. The equivalent load impedance is adaptively identified from a robust identifier, which is then used to construct the feedforward compensator. Simulation and experimental results show that different CBs create CB-dependent contact resistances and inductances in the testing circuit. The impedance change can be successfully identified by the robust identifier with limited errors. The proposed converter is capable of generating a wide range of current from 100 A to 40 kA with an error no greater than 2.2%.
Effect of Exercise on Serum Sex Hormones in Men (2008)

A year-long, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program increased DHT and SHBG, but it had no effect on other androgens in middle-aged to older men.
Spatio-spectral metrology at focus of ultrashort lasers: a phase-retrieval approach (2018)

The complete characterization of an ultrashort laser beam ultimately requires the determination of its spatio-temporal electric field E(x, y, t), or its spatio-spectral counterpart Ẽ(x, y, ω). We describe a new measurement technique called INSIGHT, which determines Ẽ(x, y, ω), up to an unknown spatially-homogeneous spectral phase. Combining this information with a temporal measurement at a single point of the beam then enables the determination of the spatio-temporal field E(x, y, t). This technique is based on the combination of spatially-resolved Fourier-transform spectroscopy with an alternate-projection phase-retrieval algorithm. It can be applied to any reproducible laser source with a repetition rate higher than about 0.1 Hz, relies on a very simple device, does not require any reference beam, and circumvents the difficulty associated with the manipulation of large beam diameters by working in the vicinity of the beam focus. We demonstrate INSIGHT on a 100 TW-25 fs laser, and use the measurement results to introduce new representations for the analysis of spatio-temporal/spectral couplings of ultrashort lasers.
The C-terminal residues of poliovirus proteinase 2Apro are critical for viral RNA replication but not for cis- or trans-proteolytic cleavage (2001)

Poliovirus proteinase 2A(pro) is an essential enzyme involved in cleavages of viral and cellular proteins during the infectious cycle. Evidence has been obtained that 2A(pro) is also involved in genome replication. All enteroviruses have a negatively charged cluster of amino acids at their C terminus (E(E)/(D)(E)/(D)AMEQ-NH(2)), a common motif suggesting function. When aligned with enterovirus sequences, the 2A(pro) proteinase of human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) has a shorter C terminus (EE.Q:-NH(2)) and, indeed, the HRV2 2A(pro) cannot substitute for poliovirus 2A(pro) to yield a viable chimeric virus. Here evidence is provided that the C-terminal cluster of amino acids plays an unknown role in poliovirus genome replication. Deletion of the EEAME sequence from poliovirus 2A(pro) is lethal without significantly influencing proteinase function. On the other hand, addition of EAME to HRV2 2A(pro), yielding a C terminus of this enzyme of EEEAMEQ:, stimulated RNA replication of a poliovirus/HRV2 chimera 100-fold. The novel role of the C-terminal sequence motif is manifested at the level of protein function, since silent mutations in its coding region had no effect on virus proliferation. Poliovirus type 1 Mahoney 2A(pro) could be provided in trans to rescue the lethal deletion EEAME in the poliovirus variant. Encapsidation studies left open the question of whether the C terminus of poliovirus 2A(pro) is involved in particle formation. It is concluded that the C terminus of poliovirus 2A(pro) is an essential domain for viral RNA replication but is not essential for proteolytic processing.
Modeling of Retention Failure Behavior in Bipolar Oxide-Based Resistive Switching Memory (2011)

The retention failure of bipolar oxide-based resistive switching memory is investigated. A new physical model is proposed to elucidate the typical retention failure behavior of the oxide-based resistive switching memory with a sudden resistance transition, which is quite different from that of the traditional memories. In the new proposed model, the temperature- and bias-dependent failure probability and failure time of the devices can be quantified. A temperature- and voltage-acceleration method is developed to evaluate the retention of resistive switching memories.
Usage-based degradation of SRAM arrays due to bias temperature instability (2012)

We propose a novel approach to estimate the workload based degradation of SRAM array stability with time due to NBTI (in PFETs) and PBTI (in NFETs). Goal is to obtain a realistic Vmin guard-band instead of optimistic (alternating stress) or pessimistic (static stress) assumptions. We also represent usage-based approach as stress-corner based approach to simplify the burn-in stress tests.
Folding of Active β-Lactamase in the Yeast Cytoplasm before Translocation into the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1998)

Polypeptides targeted to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) posttranslationally are thought to be kept in the cytoplasm in an unfolded state by Hsp70 chaperones before translocation. We show here that Escherichia coli beta-lactamase associated with Hsp70, but adopted a native-like conformation before translocation in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. beta-Lactamase is a globular trypsin-resistant molecule in authentic form. For these studies, it was linked to the C terminus of a yeast polypeptide Hsp150delta, which conferred posttranslational translocation and provided sites for O-glycosylation. We devised conditions to retard translocation of Hsp150delta-beta-lactamase. This enabled us to show by protease protection assays that an unglycosylated precursor was associated with the cytoplasmic surface of isolated microsomes, whereas a glycosylated form resided inside the vesicles. Both proteins were trypsin resistant and had similar beta-lactamase activity and Km values for nitrocefin. The enzymatically active cytoplasmic intermediate could be chased into the ER, followed by secretion of the activity to the medium. Productive folding in the cytoplasm occurred in the absence of disulfide formation, whereas in the ER lumen, proper folding required oxidation of the sulfhydryls. This suggests that the polypeptide was refolded in the ER and consequently, at least partially unfolded for translocation.
Path planning for mobile and hyper-redundant robots using Pythagorean hodograph curves (2002)

Pythagorean hodograph curves (PH curves) have a number of advantages over other splines commonly used in planar robot path planning: (1) the integral of curvature is small; (2) the curve, its length, curvature and total "bending energy" are known in closed-form; (3) start and end positions and directions are straightforwardly usable as boundary conditions; and (4) length can be traded off against curvature quite easily. These facts make PH curves especially interesting for the planning of car-like mobile robot paths, as well as for the calculation of the "backbone curve" in the inverse kinematics of hyper-redundant robots.
Using Child Care Services: Families with Disabled Children in Nonmetropolitan Areas (1995)

Little information is available about how rural families with disabled young children use child care services. This study, drawing data from the 1991 National Household Education Survey, examined the child care arrangement by these families. The total sample, representative to the national population of households with children aged 3 to 5, consists of 7,655 households, including 380 cases with disabled children. Our analysis found: (a) the prevalence of early childhood disabilities is higher among families in nonmetropolitan areas than it is in metro areas; (b) nonmetro families fare less well socio-economically relative to metro families; (c) rural residence, however, does not directly relate to disadvantage of arranging child care (including center-based care, relative-proved care, nonrelative-providedcare, and parents' own care); (d) holding other factors equal, nonmetro families are more likely to receive nonrelative-provided care; and (e) two strong interaction effects: the effect between the rural locale and poverty limits the use of center-based care and increases parents' own care; whereas the effect between the rural residence and single mother household increases the use of center-based care and reduces parents' own care.
Discrete-Event Modeling and Simulation (2010)

Complex artificial dynamic systems require advanced modeling techniques that can accommodate their asynchronous, concurrent, and highly non-linear nature. Discrete Event systems Specification (DEVS) provides a formal framework for hierarchical construction of discrete-event models in a modular manner, allowing for model re-use and reduced development time. Discrete Event Modeling and Simulation presents a practical approach focused on the creation of discrete-event applications. The book introduces the CD++ tool, an open-source framework that enables the simulation of discrete-event models. After setting up the basic theory of DEVS and Cell-DEVS, the author focuses on how to use the CD++ tool to define a variety of models in biology, physics, chemistry, and artificial systems. They also demonstrate how to map different modeling techniques, such as Finite State Machines and VHDL, to DEVS. The in-depth coverage elaborates on the creation of simulation software for DEVS models and the 3D visualization environments associated with these tools. A much-needed practical approach to creating discrete-event applications, this book offers world-class instruction on the field’s most useful modeling tools.
Translaminäre Fensterung bei nach kaudal sequestriertem lumbalem Bandscheibenvorfall – Technische Mitteilung (2009)

Translaminar approaches have been described for lumbar disc herniations which are displaced cranially or laterally into the neuroforamen. This technique provides the advantages of a minimally invasive approach with regard to postoperative instability or partial facet joint resection and avoids a medial arthrectomy. We describe this technique for the first time as an option for a caudally sequestrated disc herniation via a transaxillar sequesterotomy.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A Review (2016)

The often-pernicious neuropsychological effects following a mild traumatic brain injury can persist for months or even years. Symptoms associated with head injury can include: headaches, orthostatic hypotension, trouble sleeping, slower processing speed, fatigue, and impairments in attention, memory, and executive functioning. These symptoms can be exacerbated as well as maintained via depression and anxiety. Collectively, this is known as persistent post-concussive syndrome. Interventions to alleviate these symptoms are lacking, expensive, and/or time-consuming. Currently, there has been a surge of interest into the neuroanatomical and neuropsychological correlates of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Evidence suggests that an 8-week MBSR program and its variants may increase cortical gray matter in specific areas such as the hippocampus, portions of the cerebellum, right thalamus, orbitalfrontal cortex, among other areas. Moreover, the literature suggests that such a program has evidenced improved scores on measures of attention, memory, and executive functioning. The extant literatures pertaining to mild traumatic brain injury, persistent post-concussive syndrome, and MBSR are reviewed here. Considerations for future empirical studies to validate the plausibility of using such a program as a neurorehabilitative intervention are suggested.
Thermodynamic Limit of Interacting Particle Systems over Time-varying\n Sparse Random Networks (2017)

We establish a functional weak law of large numbers for observable\nmacroscopic state variables of interacting particle systems (e.g., voter and\ncontact processes) over fast time-varying sparse random networks of\ninteractions. We show that, as the number of agents $N$ grows large, the\nproportion of agents $\\left(\\overline{Y}_{k}^{N}(t)\\right)$ at a certain state\n$k$ converges in distribution -- or, more precisely, weakly with respect to the\nuniform topology on the space of \\emph{c\\`adl\\`ag} sample paths -- to the\nsolution of an ordinary differential equation over any compact interval\n$\\left[0,T\\right]$. Although the limiting process is Markov, the prelimit\nprocesses, i.e., the normalized macrostate vector processes\n$\\left(\\mathbf{\\overline{Y}}^{N}(t)\\right)=\\left(\\overline{Y}_{1}^{N}(t),\\ldots,\\overline{Y}_{K}^{N}(t)\\right)$,\nare non-Markov as they are tied to the \\emph{high-dimensional} microscopic\nstate of the system, which precludes the direct application of standard\narguments for establishing weak convergence. The techniques developed in the\npaper for establishing weak convergence might be of independent interest.\n