gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the use of linear aero-acoustic models (2008)

The classical theory of aero-acoustics is based on Lighthills acoustic analogy which essentially leads to a wave equation with a source term defined by the flow field. This source term is assumed unaffected by the acoustic field and the resulting model can be seen as a linear model which, e.g., for duct acoustic problems can be formulated as an acoustic multi-port. Such linear aero-acoustic models can be applied to most aero-acoustic problems occurring in engineering practice with the exception of whistling, i.e., situations where the source term is affected by the acoustic field. At KTH this methodology has been applied to a number of applications over the years ranging from cooling and ventilation fans to flow generated noise from ducted orifices (valves) and air terminal devices. In this paper the experience from these works is summarized and the experimental techniques developed at KTH to characterize linear aero-acoustic sources are described. Recent efforts to extract linear aero-acoustic models from numerical calculations are also addressed.
Relapses after discontinuation of drug associated with increased resistance to treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2001)

The aim of the present study was to determine whether obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients whose symptoms recur after drug discontinuation respond again when the same drug at the same daily dosage is reinstituted. Eighty-one patients who were responders to a previous 6-month, open-label, noncomparative, acute treatment phase with fixed doses of selective reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and who relapsed within 6 months of drug discontinuation had the drug to which they responded in the acute phase reinstated at the same daily dose. The reinstitution trial lasted 24 weeks with monthly evaluations (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Clinical Global Improvement). Data obtained in the reinstitution phase were analysed using Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test when appropriate. The cumulative percentages of patients who responded in the second trial were compared to those of patients who responded in the acute treatment phase (for each treatment and for all SRIs together) across all evaluation times. When considering all patients together, a lower percentage of responders resulted when SRIs were reinstated: the difference in the cumulative percentage of responders appeared at month 4 and increased at months 5 and 6 (Pearson chi-squared, P = 0.028, P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively). When considering the patients separately according to the SRI used, no differences in the percentages of responders were found at any time. Our results indicate that patients whose symptoms recur after drug discontinuation respond again when the same drug used previously (at the same dosage used in the acute phase) is reinstated, but at a lower degree with respect to the acute treatment. Findings from our study, together with literature data indicating high relapse rates when discontinuing the treatment after the acute phase, support the idea of continuing the treatment in OCD over the long term.
A model for understanding gene regulation during spermatogenesis: the mouse testis Pdha-2 promoter (1995)

Spermatogenesis is a complex process requiring the coordinate expression of a number of testis-specific genes. How these genes are regulated during spermatogenesis is poorly understood. However, the elucidation of these mechanisms has significant implications for both medicine and the primary livestock industry. The delineation of this process is of particular interest and, in this study, Pdha-2, a gene which codes for the murine testis-specific isoform of the E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, has been used as a model. This review focuses on current knowledge about its expression and regulation during spermatogenesis.
Analysis of P gene mutations in patients with type II (tyrosinase-positive) oculocutaneous albinism (OCA2) (1994)

OCA2 is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the biosynthesis of melanin pigment is greatly reduced in the skin, hair, and eyes. Recently, we showed that OCA2 results from mutations of the P gene, in chromosome segment 15q11-q13. In addition to OCA2, mutations of P account for OCA associated with the Prader-Willi syndrome and some cases of {open_quotes}autosomal recessive ocular albinism{close_quotes} (AROA). We have now studied 38 unrelated patients with various forms of OCA2 or AROA from a variety of different ethnic groups. None of these patients had detectable abnormalities of the tyrosinase (TYR) gene. Among 8 African-American patients with OCA2 we observed apparent locus homogeneity. We detected abnormalities of the P gene in all 8 patients, including 12 different mutations and deletions, most of which are unique to this group and none of which is predominant. In contrast, OCA2 in other populations appears to be genetically heterogeneous. Among 21 Caucasian patients we detected abnormalities of the P gene in only 8, comprising 9 different point mutations and deletions, some of which also occurred among the African-American patients. Among 3 Middle-Eastern, 3 Indo-Pakistani, and 3 Asian patients we detected mutations of the P gene in only one from each group.more » In a large Indo-Pakistani kindred with OCA2 we have excluded both the TYR and P genes on the basis of genetic linkage. The prevalence of mutations of the P gene thus appears to be much higher among African-Americans with OCA2 than among patients from other ethnic groups. The incidence of OCA2 in some parts of equatorial Africa is extremely high, as frequent as 1 per 1100, and the disease has been linked to P in South African Bantu. The eventual characterization of P gene mutations in Africans will be informative with regard to the origins of P gene mutations in African-American patients.« less
Use of Heat‐Treated Water Treatment Residuals in Fly Ash‐Based Geopolymers (2009)

Geopolymerization is a developing field that can beneficially use heat‐treated water treatment residuals (WTRs) to create fly ash‐based geopolymers. In this study, geopolymers made only from fly ash (FA) and from FA plus calcined WTRs (FA–WTRs) were evaluated. The proper calcining condition for WTRs is 900°C for 1 h and the optimum amount of WTRs to mix with FA is 10 wt%. Compressive strength of samples cured at 75°C for 24 h can reach 68.1 MPa, and when cured at 23°C for 28 days the values were &gt;50 MPa. Further studies were conducted on FA and FA–WTRs geopolymer samples cured at 75°C for 8 h followed by 23°C for 28 d. X‐ray diffraction patterns of geopolymers made from FA indicate the presence of amorphous geopolymeric and calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gels, and a type of zoelite similar to gismondine. When WTRs replaced some of the FA, amorphous geopolymeric gels are mainly formed. Scanning electron micrographs indicate spherical unreactivated FA and other particles are combined and surround the geopolymeric and C–S–H gels. Utilization of WTRs in creation of FA‐based geopolymers can lead to a new type of cementitious binder.
A Solid Support‐Based Synthetic Strategy for the Site‐Selective Functionalization of Peptides with Organometallic Half‐Sandwich Moieties (2021)

The number of donor atoms available on peptides that can competitively coordinate to metal centers renders the site-selective generation of advanced metal-peptide conjugates in high purity a challenging venture. Herein, we present a transmetalation-based synthetic approach on solid support in which an imidazolium pro-ligand can be used to selectively anchor a range of transition metal half-sandwich complexes onto peptides in the presence of multiple coordinative motifs. Amenable to solid support, a range of N-terminus and/or lysine conjugated metal-peptide conjugates were obtained in high purity after cleavage from the resin. The metalated peptides were evaluated for their anticancer properties against human cancer cell lines. While no cytotoxic activity was observed, this platform has the potential to i) provide a pathway to site-selective peptide labelling, ii) be explored as a biorthogonal handle and/or iii) generate a new strategy for ligand design in transition metal catalysts.
Filter-Feeding in Corbicula fluminea and Its Effect on Seston Removal (1986)

Factors affecting filtration rates of the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea were studied in controlled laboratory experiments, and the data were then used to illustrate the importance of clam filtering in a North Carolina river. Both temperature and food concentration significantly affected clam filtration rates. Rates measured at winter temperatures were significantly lower than summer rates, while food concentrations and filtration rates were inversely related. Filtration rates were compared among clams collected from several different habitats in North Carolina, and although shell length (SL)-dry flesh weight (DFW) relationships differed between locations, filtration rate-size relationships were not significantly different when SL was used as a measure of clam size. Extrapolation of the above relationships to a population of Corbicula in the upper Chowan River, North Carolina, indicated that the average number of clams in a square meter of river bottom (350) could filter a volume of water equivalent to the overlying water column (mean depth 5.25 m) every 1-1.6 days in summer, depending on seston concentrations.
Alternative for Reducing Calibration Standard Use in Mass Spectrometry (2014)

To the Editor:

Recent publications have discussed alternative calibration strategies for quantitative clinical mass spectrometry and proposed terminology for these approaches (1–3). Like Grant (3), we believe that mass spectrometry laboratories generally use more calibration standards than necessary. We also note that conventional calibration methods fail to use all information available from recent calibrations. Preparation of calibration curves is often more an exercise in curve preparation than a useful evaluation of patient sample accuracy and imprecision, which is best evaluated by QC samples prepared identically to patient samples.

Here we report a calibration strategy using a single calibrator generating a provisional response factor (PRF),1 which then is compared to a historical response factor (HRF). If, based on predetermined rules, agreement between the two is acceptable, then a current response factor (CRF) is calculated: ![Formula][1] (1) where W represents a weighting factor. Unacceptable agreement between PRF and HRF triggers a mitigation strategy. In most such cases, bringing the previous CRF forward gives acceptable accuracy. This corresponds to temporarily setting W = 1 in Eq. (1). Once CRF is …

 [1]: /embed/mml-math-1.gif
Abstract 19008: Reduction in Right Ventricular Myocyte Contractility in a Plakophilin-2 Mouse Model of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (2017)

Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies (ACM) are inherited genetic disorders characterized by a high risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. ACMs originate from mutations in desmosomal genes that prevent normal myocyte-myocyte adhesion and cause the loss of cardiac function, classically in the right ventricle (RV), due to progressive replacement of the cells by fibrofatty infiltration. Hypothesis: Our aim was to define the outcome of plakophilin-2 gene mutations on myocyte contractility. Methods: We created a knock-in mouse model based on a single thymidine insertion in the coding sequence of the plakophilin-2 (PKP2) gene, which resulted in the expression of a truncated PKP2-L404/X5 protein. Results: Serial echocardiography revealed that RV contractility in 18-week-old PKP2 heterozygous mice (PKP2+/-) was significantly reduced compared to WT and continued to deteriorate with aging (n= 5-7 hearts/group, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the LV of PKP2+/- hearts remained normal. Fibrosis was undetectable in RV and LV ...
Brown Adipocyte Dysfunction in UCP1 Knockout Mice leads to Age‐Dependent Development of Type 2 Diabetes (2015)

Since the discovery of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, an inverse correlation between aging, type 2 diabetes and the amount and activity of the BAT‐depots have been reported. Upon activation, BAT converts the energy of free fatty acids and glucose oxidation into heat through the mitochondrial carrier protein,uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). BAT has recently been demonstrated to increase triglyceride uptake and insulin sensitivity. Although the thermogenic responses of UCP1 KO mice have been well studied, little is known about the short and long term effects of UCP1 deficiency and how it affects BAT function and metabolism in general. We used RNAseq to analyze and compare the BAT transcriptome of WT and UCP1 KO mice, under thermoneutral conditions at baseline and after catecholamine induced activation. The effects of aging on glucose and insulin tolerance and molecular markers of type 2 diabetes were investigated in WT and UCP1 KO mice in thermoneutrality for up to 1 year. Whole transcriptome analysis, followed by qPCR and immunoblotting, revealed marked dysfunction of key metabolic pathways in activated BAT from UCP1KO mice compared to WT mice, while at baseline thermoneutral conditions the BAT transcriptome from UCP1KO and WT mice were similar. Further, UCP1KO mice age‐dependently develop hallmarks of type 2 diabetes, such as impaired glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance, without developing an obesity phenotype. We conclude that UCP1 KO mice are a model of severe BAT dysfunction. Long‐term BAT dysfunction is associated with age‐dependent development of hallmarks of type 2 diabetes.
Breathing manoeuvre-dependent changes in myocardial oxygenation in healthy humans (2013)

In healthy individuals, breathing manoeuvres lead to changes in myocardial oxygenation, which appear to be mediated by CO₂. These changes can be monitored in vivo by oxygenation-sensitive CMR and thus, may have value as a diagnostic tool.
A novel self‐assembling hemostatic agent as an effective therapeutic tool for intracavitary bleeding from peripancreatic fluid collection after endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided drainage using a lumen‐apposing metal stent (2022)

EUS-guided drainage using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy for peripancreatic fluid collection. However, intracavitary bleeding has been reported after LAMS placement. Yamamoto et al. reported endoscopic hemostasis using hemostatic gel for intracavitary bleeding.
Minimum-Energy Robotic Exploration: A Formulation and an Approach (2014)

This technical correspondence is concerned with the problem of autonomous robot exploration in a 3-D world. It provides a better understanding of exploration problems with regard to their mathematical formulation, and present a means to evaluate the performance of future algorithms designed to solve it. In addition, an approach capable of being implemented on articulated robotic systems is proposed. The presented algorithm possesses completeness properties, and typically chooses navigation paths that increase the robot's knowledge of its environment while expending minimal energy. It is compared to other exploration approaches capable of being implemented on high-degree-of-freedom robots. The comparison, performed in simulation, shows the significance of reducing energy during the exploration process.
Homology-based method for detecting regions of interest in colonic digital images (2015)

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7129390011429407 .
Differentiation Ability of Rat Postnatal Dental Pulp Cells in Vitro (2005)

The current rapid progression in stem cell research has enhanced our knowledge of dental tissue regeneration. In this study, rat dental pulp cells were isolated and their differentiation ability was evaluated. First, dental pulp cells were obtained from maxillary incisors of male Wistar rats. Immunochemistry by stem cell marker STRO-1 proved the existence of stem cells or progenitors in the isolated cell population. The dissociated cells were then cultured both on smooth surfaces and on three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold materials in medium supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate, dexamethasone, and L-ascorbic acid. Cultures were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy and, on proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were determined and the polymerase chain reaction was performed for dentin sialophosphoprotein, osteocalcin, and collagen type I. These cells showed the ability to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and produced calcified nodules, which had components similar to dentin. In addition, we found that the "odontogenic" properties of the isolated cells were supported by three-dimensional calcium phosphate and titanium scaffolds equally well.
Targeting of Wolbachia endobacteria in Litomosoides sigmodontis: comparison of tetracyclines with chloramphenicol, macrolides and ciprofloxacin (2000)

Endobacteria of the genus Wolbachia in filarial nematodes are related to Rickettsiaceae and can be depleted by tetracycline antibiotics. This depletion blocks female worm development as well as early embryogenesis, in contrast to the currently used microfilaricidal ivermectin which blocks only the last stage of embryogenesis. Since targeting Wolbachia is becoming an area of research for the treatment of human filariases, it was investigated if antibiotics other than tetracyclines are able to deplete Wolbachia from filariae. BALB/c mice infected with the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis were treated with erythromycin, chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin. All drugs were well resorbed and resulted in serum levels clearly above breakpoint levels for bacteria susceptible to the respective antibiotic. However, contrary to tetracycline, none of these antibiotics depleted Wolbachia or altered worm development and fertility, as evidenced by immunohistology, immunoelectron microscopy and semiquantitative PCR.
Seasonal Changes in Leaf Water Characteristics of Eucalyptus tetrodonta and Terminalia ferdinandiana Saplings in a Northern Australian Savanna (1999)

The monsoonal areas of northern Australia experience extreme seasonal variations in rainfall, with an annual dry season of 7 months or more. Seasonal changes in leaf water relations were investigated for saplings of two tree species common in northern Australian savannas: Eucalyptus tetrodonta F.Muell, an evergreen, and Terminalia ferdinandiana Excell, which is deciduous. Saplings may experience more severe water stress than mature trees because their root systems are less extensive. This study found a positive correlation between pre-dawn leaf water potential and tree height during the dry season, but not during the wet season, for both E. tetrodonta and T. ferdinandiana trees. Pressure–volume curves were constructed for leaves of E. tetrodonta saplings at 2-monthly intervals throughout the year. Osmotic potential at full turgor decreased from a maximum of -1.33 MPa in February (wet season) to -2.25 MPa in October (late dry season), then increased to an intermediate value of -1.71 MPa in December (early wet season). Leaves of T. ferdinandiana saplings were compared in February (wet season) and April (end of wet season; before leaf senescence). Osmotic potential at full turgor decreased from -1.18 MPa in February to -1.39 MPa in April. The capacity for turgor maintenance was larger for E. tetrodonta than for T. ferdinandiana , with osmotic potential at full turgor and the turgor loss point, relative water content at the turgor loss point and the ratio of turgid weight to dry weight all lower in E. tetrodonta.
FBP1 is a nonenzymatic safety valve that curtails AKT activation to prevent insulin hyperresponsiveness (2023)

SUMMARY Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis and stimulates glucose conversion to glycogen and lipids. How these activities are coordinated to prevent hypoglycemia and hepatosteatosis is not clear. Fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase (FBP1) is rate controlling for gluconeogenesis. However, inborn human FBP1 deficiency does not cause hypoglycemia unless accompanied by fasting or starvation, which also trigger paradoxical hepatomegaly, hepatosteatosis, and hyperlipidemia in affected individuals. Hepatocyte FBP1-ablated mice exhibit identical fasting-conditional pathologies along with AKT hyperactivation, whose inhibition reversed hepatomegaly, hepatosteatosis and hyperlipidemia but not hypoglycemia. Surprisingly, fasting-mediated AKT hyperactivation is insulin-dependent. FBP1 prevents insulin hyperresponsiveness, independently of its catalytic activity, by interacting with AKT, PP2A-C and Aldolase-B (ALDOB) to specifically accelerate AKT dephosphorylation. Enhanced by fasting and weakened by elevated insulin, FBP1:AKT:PP2A-C:ALDOB complex formation, which is disrupted by human FBP1 deficiency mutations or a C-terminal FBP1 truncation, prevents insulin-triggered liver pathologies and maintains lipid and glucose homeostasis. Conversely, a complex disrupting peptide reverses diet-induced insulin resistance.
The Mammalian FEN-1 Locus: Structure and Conserved Sequence Features (2000)

Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1) is an enzyme that is very important for DNA replication in all eukaryotes because it cleaves the 5′ DNA flaps that arise between Okazaki fragments. In addition, FEN-1 is important for base excision repair and for nonhomologous DNA end joining in all eukaryotes from yeast to human. Here we report the structure and sequence of the murine genomic FEN-1 locus, and we compare it to the human FEN-1 locus. The transcriptional initiation zone of FEN-1 is within a CpG island, and the coding region of FEN-1 is a single exon in both the murine and human genomes. There are striking regions of nucleotide sequence homology within the 5′ or 3′UTR or immediately upstream of the 5′UTR. These regions range from 30 to 230 bp. The functions of these conserved sequence blocks could be in transcriptional regulation, or they may represent a gene that overlaps in its initiation zone with FEN-1, but is oriented in the opposite transcriptional direction.
Robust Phase Correlation based Motion Estimation and Its Applications (2008)

This paper presents a robust phase correlation technique and a compound phase correlation method for reliable sub-pixel image feature matching and motion estimation. A phase fringe filter and a highly robust estimator QMDPE are used to improve the fitting accuracy of the phase difference plane in Fourier domain. A compound phase correlation method is proposed to identify and decompose the multiple motion patterns in phase difference matrix at sub-pixel accuracy. This compound phase correlation method is the breakthrough in improving the robustness of phase correlation based feature matching around motion boundary or depth discontinuity. With the robust phase correlation and the compound phase correlation combined algorithm, the optical flow estimation and stereo matching achieved remarkable accuracy, especially around the areas with the motion boundary or depth discontinuity.
Manual Conservation of Supplemental Oxygen in Low-Resource Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

Using a simulated adult COVID-19 patient with hypoxemia, we investigated whether caregivers interrupting oxygen flow by manually occluding oxygen tubing with pliers during exhalation can conserve oxygen while maintaining oxygenation. Oxygen pinching reduced oxygen use by 51% to 64%, maintained simulated oxygen saturation between 88% and 90%, and increased simulated average alveolar partial pressure of oxygen from a room air baseline of approximately 131 to 294-424 mm Hg compared with 607 mm Hg with 10 liters per minute (LPM) continuous oxygen flow. Simulation provided a methodology to rapidly evaluate a technique that has begun to be used with COVID-19 patients in low-resource environments experiencing an acute oxygen shortage.
TDP-43 knockdown impairs neurite outgrowth dependent on its target histone deacetylase 6 (2011)

TDP-43 deficiency leads to impairment of neurite growth in an HDAC6-dependent manner, thereby contributing to neurodegenerative events in TDP-43 diseases.