gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hiding program slices for software security (2003)

Given the high cost of producing software, development of technology for prevention of software piracy is important for the software industry. In this paper we present a novel approach for preventing the creation of unauthorized copies of software. Our approach splits software modules into open and hidden components. The open components are installed (executed) on an insecure machine while the hidden components are installed (executed) on a secure machine. We assume that while open components can be stolen, to obtain a fully functioning copy of the software, the hidden components must be recovered. We describe an algorithm that constructs hidden components by slicing the original software components. We argue that recovery of hidden components constructed through slicing, in order to obtain a fully functioning copy of the software, is a complex task. We further develop security analysis to capture the complexity of recovering hidden components. Finally we apply our technique to several large Java programs to study the complexity of recovering constructed hidden components and to measure the runtime overhead introduced by splitting of software into open and hidden components.
Intermodal Four Wave Mixing in Silicon-Rich Silicon Nitride Waveguides (2020)

This paper presents recent results on the use of silicon-rich silicon nitride waveguides for intermodal four wave mixing. Through appropriate design of the mode propagation characteristics, broadband wavelength conversion of signals is achieved.
Preparation of Hyperbranched Polymethacrylates by Self-Condensing Group Transfer Polymerization (1997)

Abstract Hyperbranched polymethacrylates were synthesized by group transfer self-condensation polymerization of 2-(2-methyl-1-triethylsiloxy-1-propenyloxy)ethyl methacrylate. The hyper-branched structure of the polymer was characterized by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The extent of the branching depended on the nucleophilic catalysts used for activation of the monomer.
Treatment of Mammary Carcinomas in HER-2 Transgenic Mice through Combination of Genetic Vaccine and an Agonist of Toll-Like Receptor 9 (2009)

The combination of HER-2/neu genetic vaccine and novel agonist of TLR9 had potent antitumor activity associated with antibody isotype switch and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities. These results support possible clinical trials of the combination of DNA-EP/Ad-based cancer vaccines and IMO.
Thermoresponsive interfaces obtained using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymer for bioseparation and tissue engineering applications (2021)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is the most well-known and widely used stimuli-responsive polymer in the biomedical field owing to its ability to undergo temperature-dependent hydration and dehydration with temperature variations, causing hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations. This temperature-dependent property of PNIPAAm provides functionality to interfaces containing PNIPAAm. Notably, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations caused by the change in the temperature-responsive property of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces induce temperature-modulated interactions with biomolecules, proteins, and cells. This intrinsic property of PNIPAAm can be effectively used in various biomedical applications, particularly in bioseparation and tissue engineering applications, owing to the functionality of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces based on the temperature modulation of the interaction between PNIPAAm-modified interfaces and biomolecules and cells. This review focuses on PNIPAAm-modified interfaces in terms of preparation method, properties, and their applications. Advances in PNIPAAm-modified interfaces for existing and developing applications are also summarized.
Enhancing viral vaccine production using engineered knockout vero cell lines – A second look (2018)

The global adoption of vaccines to combat disease is hampered by the high cost of vaccine manufacturing. The work described herein follows two previous publications (van der Sanden et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2017) that report a strategy to enhance poliovirus and rotavirus vaccine production through genetic modification of the Vero cell lines used in large-scale vaccine manufacturing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools were used to knockout Vero target genes previously shown to play a role in polio- and rotavirus production. Subsequently, small-scale models of current industry manufacturing systems were developed and adopted to assess the increases in polio- and rotavirus output by multiple stable knockout cell lines. Unlike previous studies, the Vero knockout cell lines failed to achieve desired target yield increases. These findings suggest that additional research will be required before implementing the genetically engineered Vero cell lines in the manufacturing process for polio- and rotavirus vaccines to be able to supply vaccines at reduced prices.
Characteristics of Asphaltenes Thin Film Extracted from Crude-Oil-Tank-Bottom-Sludge (COTBS) (2019)

Asphaltene from Crude-Oil-Tank-Bottom-Sludge (COTBS) was extracted using Soxhlet method. Extracted asphaltene was a mixture of powder with approximately ~5 mm shiny chunks. Using elemental analysis, it was confirmed that the extraction resulted in asphaltene dominated by carbon and hydrogen, with 71 and 12 percentage weight, respectively. In thin film form, from ultraviolet - visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, its band gap was found to be 2.5 eV. The film, however, had voids and aggregations made visible through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sheet resistance, resistivity and conductivity of the film were measured to be 1.38×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> Ω/\square, 2.21×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> Ω.cm and 4.80×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> S/cm, respectively. From this preliminary data, unless its conductivity can be systematically engineered, it appears that the asphaltene thin film may only be suitable as an insulator.
Predicting the stress distribution within scaffolds with ordered architecture (2012)

Current tissue engineering technologies involve the seeding of cells on porous scaffolds, within which the cells can proliferate and differentiate, when cultured in bioreactors. The flow of culture media through the scaffolds generates stresses that are important for both cell differentiation and cell growth. A recent study [Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 (2010), 024101] showed that flow-induced stresses inside highly porous and randomly structured scaffolds follow a three-point gamma probability density function (p.d.f.). The goal of the present study is to further investigate whether the same p.d.f. can also describe the distribution of stresses in structured porous scaffolds, what is the range of scaffold porosity for which the distribution is valid, and what is the physical reason for such behavior. To do that, the p.d.f. of flow-induced stresses in different scaffold geometries were calculated via flow dynamics simulations. It was found that the direction of flow relative to the internal architecture of the scaffolds is important for stress distributions. The stress distributions follow a common distribution within statistically acceptable accuracy, when the flow direction does not coincide with the direction of internal structural elements of the scaffold.
« Les travaux de Georges Tate sur la Syrie du Nord et les études sur la Macédoine à la fin du Moyen Âge : un apport commun à la connaissance des campagnes byzantines », dans G. Charpentier et V. Puech (éd.), Villes et campagnes aux rives de la Méditerranée ancienne. Hommages à Georges Tate, TOPOI, Supplément 12, 2013, p. 459-470. (2013)

International audience
The highly homologous isoschizomers RsrI endonuclease and EcoRI endonuclease do not recognize their target sequence identically. (1991)

Using a series of decadeoxyribonucleotides containing base analogues as substrates we measured the steady-state kinetic parameters for the reaction catalyzed by RsrI endonuclease and compared the results to those with its isoschizomer EcoRI. The kinetics of RsrI cleavage are affected by each substitution, with the effects being generally more deleterious than with EcoRI, as shown by the greater reduction in the specificity constant kcat/KM. The magnitudes of the effects of several substitutions are consistent with the formation of direct enzyme-nucleobase contacts at the indicated positions. With substrates containing 2-amino-purine or 2,6-diaminopurine at the central adenine or uracil at the outermost thymine in the recognition sequence, cleavage by RsrI was very slow, less than one-tenth the rate of the corresponding EcoRI-catalyzed reaction. The lower tolerance of RsrI endonuclease for functional group changes in its recognition site may reflect differences in the mechanisms of DNA recognition by the two enzymes. Although RsrI and EcoRI endonucleases bind with similar affinities to specific and nonspecific DNA sequences and appear to introduce similar structural distortions in DNA upon binding, the use of substrate analogues reveals significant differences at the level of catalysis in the mechanisms by which these two endonucleases recognize the duplex sequence GAATTC.
Synchronously Pumped Terahertz Parametric Oscillator Driven by Amplified Picosecond Mode-locked Laser (2020)

Terahertz parametric oscillator (TPO) is one of the attractive ways to generate THz waves. In this study, we proposed a novel high-conversion-efficiency TPO, which is called as synchronously pumped Terahertz parametric oscillator (sp- TPO) by using a pico-second mode-locked laser pulses as a pump beam. An sp- TPO has been designed and constructed. The system performance was measured. As a result, the conversion efficiency from NIR to THz of 2.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> has been achieved. The maximum micro-pulse energy and the peak power were 1.5 nJ and 200 W, respectively. The spectrum and pulse duration measurements by using a Michelson interferometer are under preparation.
Turning nonlinearity from problem to advantage in ultrafast fiber amplifiers (2021)

We review the recent advances in fiber-based sources of ultrashort pulses based on the gain-managed nonlinear regime. We discuss how highly nonlinear pulse evolution can be exploited to overcome typical limits of fiber-based sources.
AmpliVar: Mutation Detection in High-Throughput Sequence from Amplicon-Based Libraries (2015)

Conventional means of identifying variants in high-throughput sequencing align each read against a reference sequence, and then call variants at each position. Here, we demonstrate an orthogonal means of identifying sequence variation by grouping the reads as amplicons prior to any alignment. We used AmpliVar to make key-value hashes of sequence reads and group reads as individual amplicons using a table of flanking sequences. Low-abundance reads were removed according to a selectable threshold, and reads above this threshold were aligned as groups, rather than as individual reads, permitting the use of sensitive alignment tools. We show that this approach is more sensitive, more specific, and more computationally efficient than comparable methods for the analysis of amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing data. The method can be extended to enable alignment-free confirmation of variants seen in hybridization capture target-enrichment data.
Characterization of Carbide Tool Wear and the Influence of Titanium Carbide Coatings (1975)

Typical data are presented for the chemical and physical characterization of commercial carbide cutting tools before and after machining tests on heat treated alloy steel AISI-4340. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of crater wear relating chemical constitution and carbide microstructure to tool/workpiece interactions. Direct observation of chemical impurity transfer is reported and a mechanism proposed for the deleterious liquid phase attack of intergranular cobalt. The influence of TiC coatings on improved cutting performance is discussed; and the characteristics of several different coatings correlated with varied machining results. Characterization techniques employed include optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and x-ray emission identification.
Self-calibration method for a sigma-delta micro-accelerometer (2004)

This paper presents a self-calibration method for a sigma-delta micro-accelerometer, based on the measurement of limit-cycles at the comparator's output. Some information concerning the sensing cell's parameters may be extracted from the shape of the limit-cycle, which depends on the characteristics of the micro-accelerometer (pulsation, damping, ...). By changing the coefficients of the discrete feedback filter, this information can then be made more accurate. This digital technique can be implemented with ease in the context of sigma-delta sensors. It is amplitude-independent and relatively insensitive to noise. Details concerning the implementation are discussed and some simulation results are given.
Selective Binding and Oligomerization of the Murine Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor by a Low Molecular Weight, Nonpeptidyl Ligand (2003)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor regulates neutrophil production by binding to a specific receptor, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor, expressed on cells of the granulocytic lineage. Recombinant forms of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor are used clinically to treat neutropenias. As part of an effort to develop granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mimics with the potential for oral bioavailability, we previously identified a nonpeptidyl small molecule (SB-247464) that selectively activates murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signal transduction pathways and promotes neutrophil formation in vivo. To elucidate the mechanism of action of SB-247464, a series of cell-based and biochemical assays were performed. The activity of SB-247464 is strictly dependent on the presence of zinc ions. Titration microcalorimetry experiments using a soluble murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor construct show that SB-247464 binds to the extracellular domain of the receptor in a zinc ion-dependent manner. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies demonstrate that SB-247464 induces self-association of the N-terminal three-domain fragment in a manner that is consistent with dimerization. SB-247464 induces internalization of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor on intact cells, consistent with a mechanism involving receptor oligomerization. These data show that small nonpeptidyl compounds are capable of selectively binding and inducing productive oligomerization of cytokine receptors.
Similarity of attributes by external probes (1998)

In data mining, similarity between attributes is one of the central notions. Such a notion can be used to build attribute hierarchies etc. Similarity metrics can be user-defined, but an important problem is defining similarity on the basis of data. Several methods based on statistical techniques exist, but for defining the similarity between A and B they typically consider only the values of A and B, not the other attributes. We describe how a similarity or distance between attributes can be defined by considering the other attributes. The basic idea is that in a 0/1 relation r, two attributes A and B are similar if the subrelations oe A=1 (r) and oe B=1 (r) are similar. Similarity between these relations is defined by considering the marginal frequencies of a selected subset of other attributes. Thus for example in a market basket database two products A and B would be deemed similar if the customers buying A and B have similar buying behavior with respect to the other products. We ...
African Art: The Years Since 1920 (1974)

In its painting and sculpture since 1920, African art has combined elements from traditional tribal and modern European art. This book traces this development. Concentrating on the period from 1920 to 1965, the author discusses specific style motifs, as well as ways of handling sculptural forms and surfaces, most of which are drawn from older art. He then shows how this substratum has been shaped by the techniques, media, styles and philosophy of the West. A new introduction by the author describes and assesses current trends in African art. The author has, in the past, been the recipient of two Rockefeller Foundation grants in sub-Saharan Africa. He also lectures frequently on African art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Synthetic studies toward penitrem E: enantiocontrolled construction of B–E rings (2014)

Enantiocontrolled construction of B-E rings of penitrem E was accomplished from 4-iodoindole in 13 steps with an overall yield of 1.7%. Diastereoselective Tf2NH-catalyzed (2+2)-cycloaddition between silyl enol ether and methyl acrylate furnished a tetracyclic product possessing the characteristic cyclobutane ring bearing a hydroxyl group.
Data from Quantification of Excision Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 and Survival in p16-Negative Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Multimodality treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) often involves radiotherapy and cisplatin-based therapy. Elevated activity of DNA repair mechanisms, such as the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, of which ERCC1 is a rate-limiting element, are associated with cisplatin and possibly RT resistance. We have determined excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) expression in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative SCCHN treated with surgery [±adjuvant radiotherapy/chemoradiation (CRT)].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We assessed ERCC1 protein expression in archival tumors using immunofluorescence staining and automatic quantitative analysis (AQUA) with three antibodies to ERCC1 (8F1, FL297, and HPA029773). Analysis with Classification and Regression Tree (CART) methods ascertained the cutoff points between high/low ERCC1 expression. Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, T, and N stage. Kaplan–Meier curves determined median survival. ERCC1 expression at initial tumor presentation and in recurrent disease were compared. Performance characteristics of antibodies were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; ERCC1 low/high groups were defined on the basis of AQUA analysis with 8F1/2009, FL297, and HPA029773. Among patients treated with surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy/CRT, longer median survival was observed in ERCC1-low versus ERCC1-high tumors (64 vs. 29 months; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02; HPA029773). Data obtained with HPA029773 indicated no survival difference among patients treated only with surgery. Recurrent cancers had lower ERCC1 AQUA scores than tumors from initial presentation. Extensive characterization indicated optimal specificity and performance by the HPA029773 antibody.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Using AQUA, with the specific ERCC1 antibody HPA029773, we found a statistical difference in survival among high/low-ERCC1 tumors from patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6633–43. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Antihyperglycemic Activity and Chemical Constituents of Eysenhardtia platycarpa (2006)

The methanolic extracts from branches (BEP) and leaves (LEP) of Eysenhardtia platycarpa significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. One new flavone, (1"R)-5,4',1"-trihydroxy-6,7-(3",3"-dimethylchroman)flavone (1), together with the known compounds 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-prenylflavanone (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-6-prenylflavanone (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone (5), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-prenylflavanone (6), 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (7), oleanolic acid, 3beta-acetoxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxy-oleanan-28,13beta-olide, lupeol, betulinic acid, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosteryl beta-D-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosteryl palmitate, and 3-O-methyl-myo-inositol were isolated from BEP. Additionally, one new flavanone, (2S)-4'-O-methyl-6-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (2), as well as the known compounds 3, 4, 6, 4'-O-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (8), and 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone (9) were isolated from LEP. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid (7), identified as the major constituent of BEP, showed a significant decrease (31 mg/kg of body weight, P < 0.05) in the glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The obtained results correlate with the traditional use of this species.
Anhang der Verwendeten Messinstrumente (2004)

Im Anhang sind alle in der Arbeit angewanden Fragebögen entweder in kompletter Form oder die jeweilig eingesetzen Teilskalen beigelegt, da im deutscsprachigen Raum teilweise unterschiedliche Versionen vorliegen. Das Anamneseninventar war vom Autor zusammengestellt worden und fur die Hackett-Cassem-Kurzskala wurde eine eigene Übersetzung angefertigt.
Manganese Equilibrium between BaO-BaF2-MnO Fluxes and Ferro-manganese Melts. (1995)

Theequilibrium distribution ratio of manganese between BaO-BaF=-MnO slag and Mn (62-730/.)-Fe-C~.t melt has been determined at 1 573-1 673 K. The effects of slag composition, oxygen partial pressure and temperature on the manganese distribution ratio have been investigated.
Incident urothelial cancer in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study: cohort characteristics and further validation of ezrin as a prognostic biomarker (2014)

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_189.
Electromagnetics and Transmission Lines for Wearable Communication Systems (2020)

The frequency of voltage supplied by electric companies is 50 Hz in several countries around the world. The wavelength at 50 Hz is 6000 km. At low frequencies, 50 Hz up to 1 kHz, the variation of voltage and current along electric cables may be neglected. If the length of an electric component is less than a tenth of a wavelength, then the variation of voltage and current may be neglected. If the length of the device is less than a tenth of a wavelength, then the device is called a lumped element. If the length of an electric component is longer than a tenth of a wavelength, then the variation of voltage and current cannot be neglected. In this case, the device is called a distributed element. Electric circuits that consist of a lumped element are analyzed by employing Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law. Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law assume that voltage and current do not vary along the length of a component. Circuits that consist of a distributed element cannot be analyzed by using Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law and should be analyzed by using electromagnetic theory. This chapter provides basic theory and a short introduction to electromagnetic, microwave and communication engineering. The transmitting and receiving of information in microwave frequencies is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Class E resonant rectifier with a series capacitor (1994)

An analysis and experimental results are given for a Class E resonant low dv/dt rectifier with a series resonant capacitor. The circuit contains two resonant components: a capacitor and an inductor. It is driven by a sinusoidal voltage source whose amplitude must be controlled to obtain a constant-voltage output. The rectifier exhibits a peculiar behavior because its equivalent input reactance changes discontinuously from inductive to capacitive when the load varies from infinity to zero. Design equations are derived using Fourier series techniques. The theory is compared with experimental results obtained for the rectifier operating at 1 MHz ac input and 5 V dc output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>