gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens: focus on their safety and effectiveness (2011)

Sunscreens are used to provide protection against adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV)B (290-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm) radiation. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the protection factor against UVA should be at least one-third of the overall sun protection factor. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) minerals are frequently employed in sunscreens as inorganic physical sun blockers. As TiO2 is more effective in UVB and ZnO in the UVA range, the combination of these particles assures a broad-band UV protection. However, to solve the cosmetic drawback of these opaque sunscreens, microsized TiO2 and ZnO have been increasingly replaced by TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) (<100 nm). This review focuses on significant effects on the UV attenuation of sunscreens when microsized TiO2 and ZnO particles are replaced by NPs and evaluates physicochemical aspects that affect effectiveness and safety of NP sunscreens. With the use of TiO2 and ZnO NPs, the undesired opaqueness disappears but the required balance between UVA and UVB protection can be altered. Utilization of mixtures of micro- and nanosized ZnO dispersions and nanosized TiO2 particles may improve this situation. Skin exposure to NP-containing sunscreens leads to incorporation of TiO2 and ZnO NPs in the stratum corneum, which can alter specific NP attenuation properties due to particle-particle, particle-skin, and skin-particle-light physicochemical interactions. Both sunscreen NPs induce (photo)cyto- and genotoxicity and have been sporadically observed in viable skin layers especially in case of long-term exposures and ZnO. Photocatalytic effects, the highest for anatase TiO2, cannot be completely prevented by coating of the particles, but silica-based coatings are most effective. Caution should still be exercised when new sunscreens are developed and research that includes sunscreen NP stabilization, chronic exposures, and reduction of NPs' free-radical production should receive full attention.
Trends in Survival Rates of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Use of Molecular Testing and Targeted Therapy in Korea, 2010-2020 (2023)

In this cohort study of 10 years of clinical data, survival outcomes were improved across all stages, with larger increases in patients with stage III to IV disease. The incidence of never-smokers and the use of molecular testing increased.
Acid ceramidase promotes drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia through NF-κB-dependent P-glycoprotein upregulation (2019)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. More than half of older AML patients fail to respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and most responders relapse with drug-resistant disease. Failure to achieve complete remission can be partly attributed to the drug resistance advantage of AML blasts that frequently express P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette transporter. Our previous work showed that elevated acid ceramidase (AC) levels in AML contribute to blast survival. Here, we investigated P-gp expression levels in AML relative to AC. Using parental HL-60 cells and drug-resistant derivatives as our model, we found that P-gp expression and efflux activity were highly upregulated in resistant derivatives. AC overexpression in HL-60 conferred resistance to the AML chemotherapeutic drugs, cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and daunorubicin, and was linked to P-gp upregulation. Furthermore, targeting AC through pharmacologic or genetic approaches decreased P-gp levels and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistically, AC overexpression increased NF-κB activation whereas NF-kB inhibitors reduced P-gp levels, indicating that the NF-kappaB pathway contributes to AC-mediated modulation of P-gp expression. Hence, our data support an important role for AC in drug resistance as well as survival and suggest that sphingolipid targeting approaches may also impact drug resistance in AML.
RF Integrated Noise Suppressor Using Soft Magnetic Films (2004)

RF integrated noise suppressors were fabricated by integration of soft magnetic films on coplanar transmission lines. The vertical structure of suppressor was composed of the magnetic film (2 mm/spl times/15 mm/spl times/1, 2 /spl mu/m)/2-/spl mu/m-thick polyimide/15.2-mm-long and 3-/spl mu/m-thick Cu transmission line/seed layer (Ti/Cu)/1 mm-thick glass substrate. The coplanar transmission lines were prepared by electroplated Cu with 50 /spl Omega/-characteristic impedance. The width of the signal line was 50 /spl mu/m. The magnetic films, e.g., CoPdAlO and CoNbZr films were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering. Compared with those of the nonintegrated noise suppressor, the magnitude of signal attenuation at resonance point of integrated noise suppressor greatly increased from - 4 to - 30 dB for the 1-/spl mu/m-thick CoNbZr film, and from -15 to - 57 dB for the 2-/spl mu/m-thick CoPdAlO film, respectively.
Identification and quantification of SALATRIM 23CA in foods by the combination of supercritical fluid extraction, particle beam LC-mass spectrometry, and HPLC with light-scattering detector (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification and quantification of SALATRIM 23CA in foods by the combination of supercritical fluid extraction, particle beam LC-mass spectrometry, and HPLC with light-scattering detectorAn Shun Huang, Louis R. Robinson, Lucinda G. Gursky, Robert Profita, and Cecilia G. SabidongCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 2, 468–473Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00038a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00038a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimizing shadow recovery algorithms (1988)

Experiments conducted on a database testbed at Princeton indicate excessive page-table I/O is the major performance drawback of shadow recovery. In light of this, a method for parameterizing shadow recovery that minimize page-table I/O without sacrificing to much disk utilization is proposed. Using a simple model, the mechanism is analyzed and evaluated, comparing it to two conventional ones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Condensation and Polymerization of Supersaturated Monomer Vapor (2012)

Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) from supersaturated monomer vapor is reported. Rapid film growth rates, up to 600 nm/min, were observed. Films grown from supersaturated monomer exhibited distinct surface undulations. The temporal evolution of surface features during film growth was studied and is explained by monomer condensation followed by droplet coalescence and film growth. High droplet densities were observed at the early times and are attributed to rapid polymerization of monomer within condensed liquid nuclei. Droplet nucleation resulting in surface undulations can be avoided by first depositing a thin, cross-linked film from ethylene glycol diacrylate monomer followed by deposition of supersaturated monomer vapors.
Exploring the thiazole scaffold for the identification of new agents for the treatment of fluconazole resistant Candida (2016)

Cyclohexyliden- and 2-methylcyclohexyliden-hydrazo-4-arylthiazoles were synthesized and tested as antifungal agents. All compounds exhibited minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values comparable with those of fluconazole (FLC). Moreover, some compounds showed fungicidal activity at low concentration. Worth noting five out of nine compounds were active towards Candida albicans 25 FLC resistant isolated from clinical specimens. The cellular toxicity was evaluated and none of the compounds is toxic at the MIC. On the basis of our data we can conclude that these derivatives are promising agents for the treatment of resistant C. albicans.
Enhanced efficiency of thin film solar cells using a shifted dual grating plasmonic structure (2013)

We propose an ultrathin solar cell architecture design which incorporates two periodic layers of metallic and dielectric gratings. Both layers couple the incident light to photonic and plasmonic modes, thus increasing absorption within the cell. The relative position between the two gratings is examined, and is shown to have significant impact on absorption. A lateral shift between the two layers introduces structural asymmetry, and enables coupling of the incident field to optically dark photonic modes. Furthermore, the lateral shift influences mode interactions. Current density enhancement is calculated under AM1.5 G solar illumination, and is found to reach a value of 1.86. The structure proposed is optimized and compared to solar cells with a single layer of metallic or dielectric nanostructures.
Epitaxial growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film on Si by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (2020)

Environmentally friendly and earth abundant Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) based thin films are potential absorbers for next generation photovoltaics. Their optical properties provide the option to be used as upper cells for Si based tandem solar cells, together with a similar structure to Si, triggering interest in investigation of CZTS/Si tandem cells. However, epitaxially growing CZTS on Si can be challenging. Here, we heteroepitaxially grow tetragonal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films on single crystalline cubic Si (111) wafers with a 4° miscut by simple and low-cost radio frequency magnetron sputtering from a single target. The CZTS film displays a mirror-like surface with a surface roughness of 8.46 nm. The absorption coefficients of the epitaxial CZTS are over 104 cm−1 at 1.5 eV and 1.0 × 105 cm−1 at 2.1 eV. The bandgap is 1.45 eV, and the photoluminescence lifetime is 7.04 ns. Our results demonstrate the potential of the epitaxial CZTS films fabricated by sputtering on the Si substrate for application in CZTS/Si based tandem solar cells.
Using Augmentations as Bridges from Concrete to Abstract Representations (2009)

We describe a pedagogical approach supporting the acquisition of abstraction skills by apprentices in logistics. Apprentices start with a concrete representation in the form of a small-scale model which aims at engaging them in learning activities. Multiple External Representations are used to progressively introduce more abstract representations displayed on paper-based forms called TinkerSheets. We present the implementation of this approach on the TinkerTable, a tabletop learning environment which is used in two professional schools by four different teachers. We report observations of the use of the environment at different stages of the curriculum with first- and second-year apprentices.
A Re‐investigation of Low Temperature Photochemistry of 11‐cis‐retinal Mechanism of Photoisomerization (2006)

Abstract Photoisomerization of 11‐ cis ‐retinal in an organic glass, believed to originate from the 12‐s‐ cis con‐former, gives an unstable primary photoproduct(s). The implication of simultaneous single and double bond isomerization is only consistent with an HT mechanism of isomerization. Relation of this isomerization process in the rigid medium of organic glasses with that reported for the same 11‐ cis ‐retinyl chromophore confined within the binding cavity of rhodopsin (as revealed by reported X‐ray crystal structural study) is discussed.
CO2 Capture: Specific K+ Binding Sites as CO2 Traps in a Porous MOF for Enhanced CO2 Selective Sorption (Small 22/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900426, Ze Chang, Xian-He Bu, and co-workers demonstrate a new strategy for the immobilization of alkali metal cations (K+) in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) toward gas affinity boosting. The immobilized K+ cations could be desolvated and serve as traps for CO2 capture, which effectively enhances the CO2 sorption performances of the MOFs.
The Pauli principle and ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules (2000)

We review some observed consequences of the Pauli principle in ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules with several identical bosonic or fermionic nuclei. An important feature is the link with parity. Several possible tests of the symmetrization postulate come out of this analysis and we discuss in more detail an experiment which is presently conducted with OsO4 in our laboratory.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Produces Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle by Activation of Inhibitor κB Kinase in a p38 MAPK-dependent Manner (2004)

Insulin stimulation produced a reliable 3-fold increase in glucose uptake in primary neonatal rat myotubes, which was accompanied by a similar effect on GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha caused insulin resistance on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation by impairing insulin stimulation of insulin receptor (IR) and IR substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation, IRS-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, and Akt phosphorylation. Because this cytokine produced sustained activation of stress and proinflammatory kinases, we have explored the hypothesis that insulin resistance by TNF-alpha could be mediated by these pathways. In this study we demonstrate that pretreatment with PD169316 or SB203580, inhibitors of p38 MAPK, restored insulin signaling and normalized insulin-induced glucose uptake in the presence of TNF-alpha. However, in the presence of PD98059 or SP600125, inhibitors of p42/p44 MAPK or JNK, respectively, insulin resistance by TNF-alpha was still produced. Moreover, TNF-alpha produced inhibitor kappaB kinase (IKK)-beta activation and inhibitor kappaB-beta and -alpha degradation in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner, and treatment with salicylate (an inhibitor of IKK) completely restored insulin signaling. Furthermore, TNF-alpha produced serine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 (total and on Ser(307) residue), and these effects were completely precluded by pretreatment with either PD169316 or salicylate. Consequently, TNF-alpha, through activation of p38 MAPK and IKK, produces serine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1, impairing its tyrosine phosphorylation by insulin and the corresponding activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt, leading to insulin resistance on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation.
Lorentz force MOS transistor (2002)

A new set of terminals has been introduced to control the behavior of an MOS device. A magnetic field, formed when current flows through an on-chip coil, is applied to the inversion layer of an MOS device. The generated Lorentz force is applied to the carriers in the inversion layer to alter the characteristics of the MOS device. The magnetic field is applied parallel to the inversion layer and perpendicular to the carrier flow. Measurement results using this structure as a 1.8 GHz mixer are given. Measurements demonstrate that the interaction between the coil and the MOS device is primarily due to the Lorentz force. The capacitive coupling effect between the coil and the device plays a minor role.
Computing with a full memory (2014)

We define the notion of a catalytic-space computation. This is a computation that has a small amount of clean space available and is equipped with additional auxiliary space, with the caveat that the additional space is initially in an arbitrary, possibly incompressible, state and must be returned to this state when the computation is finished. We show that the extra space can be used in a nontrivial way, to compute uniform TC1-circuits with just a logarithmic amount of clean space. The extra space thus works analogously to a catalyst in a chemical reaction. TC1-circuits can compute for example the determinant of a matrix, which is not known to be computable in logspace.
Scatterometry-based dose and focus decorrelation: applications to 28nm contact holes patterning intrafield focus investigations (2013)

We introduced a simple method based on scatterometry measurement performed on dense contact holes matrix to investigate intrafield focus deviation on 28nm FDSOI real production wafers at contact holes patterning lithography operation. A complex three-dimensional scatterometry model with all patterned resist geometrical parameters left as degree of freedom. Then simple linear relationships between patterned resist geometrical parameters on the one hand, and applied dose and focus offset on the other hand were used to determine a focus and dose decorrelation model. This model was then used to investigate the effect of ASML AGILE<sup>TM</sup> scanner option on intrafield focus deviation. A significant 16% intrafield focus standard deviation improvement was found with AGILE<sup>TM</sup>, which validated our method and shows the possibilities of AGILE<sup>TM</sup> option for intrafield focus control. This focus investigation method may be used to improve advanced CMOS manufacturing process control.
NKG2D signaling between human NK cells enhances TACE-mediated TNF-α release (2017)

Abstract Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is a strong NK cell activating receptor, with engagement by ligands triggering granule release and cytokine production from NK cells. The function of NKG2D signaling in NK cells has largely been studied in the context of engagement of the receptor by ligands expressed on the surface of target cells, such as tumor cells. Here we report that upon activation with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18, human NK cells expressed NKG2D ligands of the UL16 binding protein (ULBP) family on the cell surface. NKG2D-ULBP engagement during homotypic interaction between cytokine-stimulated NK cells increased the activity of the metalloprotease TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE). This enhanced TACE activity significantly increased the release of TNF-α and ULBP proteins from the surface of the NK cells. These results demonstrate that NKG2D signaling is critical for maximal TNF-α release by NK cells. Further, they are the first to demonstrate a role for NKG2D-ligand interaction via homotypic NK cell contact in NK cell effector function.
Etude de l'endommagement de structures composites multifonctionnelles sous impacts basses énergies (2017)

International audience
In VivoBiological Validation and Biophysical Modeling of the Sensitivity and Positive Accuracy of Endocrine Peak Detection. II. The Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Pulse Signal* (1991)

Despite interest in the in vivo control of gonadotropin release, valid assessment of the physiological regulation of the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin FSH has been hampered by the uncertain validity and reliability of available FSH peak detection algorithms. Difficulties in identifying FSH peaks accurately are believed to arise in part because of the slow metabolic clearance of this glycoprotein hormone. Here, we have used two complementary strategies to test the validity of FSH pulse detection. First, by means of a computer-assisted mathematical model for simulating episodic hormone secretion, we evaluated the effects of various putative FSH secretory pulse amplitudes and half-lives on the sensitivity and positive accuracy of peak detection. Secondly, we used an in vivo primate animal model, in which presumptively true FSH pulses were evaluated independently by continuous electrophysiological monitoring of mediobasal hypothalamic multiunit activity. These two approaches allowed us to define optimal pulse analysis parameters that yield maximal sensitivity and positive accuracy for detecting FSH peaks in synthetic and biological time series. We found (as predicted intuitively) that increasing half-times of hormone disappearance decrease both the sensitivity and positive accuracy of peak detection for any given peak detection thresholds and hormone secretory amplitudes. However, adequately sampled episodic FSH time series could be analyzed for FSH pulsatility by an appropriately constrained, objective computerized algorithm with reasonable (less than 10-15%) false negative and false positive errors, such that resultant sensitivity and positive accuracy exceed 85-90%. Of interest, computer simulations and the in vivo animal model exhibited similar discriminative capabilities. We conclude that increasing half-times of hormone (e.g. FSH) removal do impair hormone peak detection sensitivity and positive accuracy. Nevertheless, gonadotropin time series can be analyzed for FSH pulsatility in a valid manner with adequately constrained false negative and false positive error rates.
Robust Statistical Methods for Hit Selection in RNA Interference High-Throughput Screening Experiments (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) high-throughput screening (HTS) experiments carried out using large (>5000 short interfering [si]RNA) libraries generate a huge amount of data. In order to use these data to identify the most effective siRNAs tested, it is critical to adopt and develop appropriate statistical methods. To address the questions in hit selection of RNAi HTS, we proposed a quartile-based method which is robust to outliers, true hits and nonsymmetrical data. We compared it with the more traditional tests, mean +/- k standard deviation (SD) and median +/- 3 median of absolute deviation (MAD). The results suggested that the quartile-based method selected more hits than mean +/- k SD under the same preset error rate. The number of hits selected by median +/- k MAD was close to that by the quartile-based method. Further analysis suggested that the quartile-based method had the greatest power in detecting true hits, especially weak or moderate true hits. Our investigation also suggested that platewise analysis (determining effective siRNAs on a plate-by-plate basis) can adjust for systematic errors in different plates, while an experimentwise analysis, in which effective siRNAs are identified in an analysis of the entire experiment, cannot. However, experimentwise analysis may detect a cluster of true positive hits placed together in one or several plates, while platewise analysis may not. To display hit selection results, we designed a specific figure called a plate-well series plot. We thus suggest the following strategy for hit selection in RNAi HTS experiments. First, choose the quartile-based method, or median +/- k MAD, for identifying effective siRNAs. Second, perform the chosen method experimentwise on transformed/normalized data, such as percentage inhibition, to check the possibility of hit clusters. If a cluster of selected hits are observed, repeat the analysis based on untransformed data to determine whether the cluster is due to an artifact in the data. If no clusters of hits are observed, select hits by performing platewise analysis on transformed data. Third, adopt the plate-well series plot to visualize both the data and the hit selection results, as well as to check for artifacts.