gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MR-Compatible blood sampler for PET (2007)

An MR-compatible automatic blood sampler prototype for quantifying radioactivity in blood has been built and tested. The determination of the so-called input function is necessary to investigate the kinetics of the administered radiotracer in PET studies. The counting detector consists of 2 coincident LSO blocks (50times40times 30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) coupled each to a single APD (10 times 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area). Preliminary experimental and numerical results indicate that a specific sensitivity of about 1 cps / (nCi / ml) can be achieved. Tests during bimodal simultaneous MR/PET scans will be carried out in the future with a Siemens 3 T-Trio MR scanner and a brain PET insert.
Fatigue Life Performance of Hybrid Angular Contact Pyrowear 675 Bearings (2017)

This research presents fatigue life test results for several versions of 208-size (40-mm bore) Pyrowear 675 angular contact bearings. Results with different heat treatments of the Pyrowear 675 materials in a hybrid configuration (silicon nitride rolling elements) are compared to all-metal AISI M50, hybrid AISI M50, and hybrid AISI M50NiL configurations. Bearings were tested for rolling contact fatigue life at an applied thrust load of 22,250 N resulting in maximum Hertzian contact stress values of 3.10 (all metal) and 3.55 (hybrid) GPa. Rolling contact fatigue life testing was conducted at 128°C using a gas turbine engine lubricant conforming to MIL-PRF-23699G. All versions of hybrid Pyrowear 675 bearings showed significant improvement in fatigue life compared to baseline M50 and M50NiL bearing materials. After testing, selected bearings were analyzed for tribofilms using Auger electron spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy showed phosphorus-rich tribofilm formation on the Pyrowear 675 bearing contact zones. The results suggest that the tricresyl phosphate antiwear additive used in current gas turbine lubricant formulations positively reacts with Pyrowear 675 surfaces and shows no detrimental effect on fatigue life at the test conditions studied here.
Inhibition of Hsp90 Targets Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth, Angiogenesis, and Osteoclastogenesis in the BM Microenvironment. (2007)

Abstract Heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90) is a important molecular chaperone required for protein folding, assembly, and maintenance of conformational integrity of several client proteins regulating cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether targeting hsp90 induces cytotoxicity of multiple myeloma (MM) cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment using the small molecule hsp90 inhibitor SNX-2112. SNX-2112 induces growth inhibition in both MM cell lines and patient MM cells resistant to conventional therapeutic agents, with IC50 of 0.019-7.339 uM. Interestingly, SNX-2112 is more potent against all MM cell lines than 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) and orally bioavailable. These data suggest its potential utility to overcome conventional drug resistance in MM. MM cell apoptosis triggered by SNX-2112 is mediated via caspase-8,-9,-3 and PARP cleavage. In addition, SNX-2112 significantly inhibits Akt and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathways induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which mediate cell proliferation and survival in MM cells, both known client proteins of hsp90. Moreover, SNX-2112 overcomes the survival and growth advantages conferred by IL-6, IGF-1 and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Importantly, SNX-2112 inhibits in vitro capillary-like tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) via abrogation of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS)/Akt pathway which is essential cascade in angiogenesis. It also markedly inhibits osteoclast formation associated with downregulation of ERK/c-fos, p38MAPK, and PU.1 pathways, which mediate osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore SNX-5422, a prodrug of SNX-2112, significantly inhibits MM tumor growth and prolongs survival in vivo in a xenograft murine model. We also confirm that SNX-5422 triggers MM cell apoptosis in vivo by TUNEL assay, associated with an inhibitory effect on microvessel density (MVD), evidenced by immunohistochemical analysis for CD34 expression. Therefore, targeting hsp90 by novel small molecule inhibitor SNX-2112 not only inhibits MM cell growth, but also acts in the BM microenvironment to block angiogenesis and osteoclast formation associated with downregulation of Akt and ERK signaling. Taken together, our data provide the preclinical rationale for clinical evaluation of SNX-2112 to improve patient outcome in MM.
Observation of trapped fractional charge and topological states at disclination defects in higher-order topological insulators (2020)

Topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) can exhibit unique, quantized electric phenomena such as fractional electric polarization and boundary-localized fractional charge. This quantized fractional charge is the generic observable for identification of TCIs that lack robust spectral features, including ones having higher-order topology. It has been predicted that fractional charges can also manifest where crystallographic defects disrupt the lattice structure of TCIs, potentially providing a bulk probe of crystalline topology. However, this capability has not yet been confirmed in experiment since measurements of charge distributions in TCIs have not been accessible until recently. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that disclination defects can robustly trap fractional charges in TCI metamaterials, and show that this trapped charge can indicate non-trivial higher-order crystalline topology even in the absence of any spectral signatures. Furthermore, we uncover a connection between the trapped charge and the existence of topological bound states localized at these defects. We test the robustness of these topological features when the protective crystalline symmetry is broken, and find that a single robust bound state can be localized at each disclination alongside the fractional charge. Our results conclusively show that disclination defects in TCIs can robustly trap fractional charges as well as topological bound states, and moreover demonstrate the primacy of fractional charge as a probe of crystalline topology.
Cellodextrin Phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum YM4 Strain Expressed in Escherichia coli. (2002)

A cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) gene was cloned from Clostridium thermocellum YM4 strain by using a PCR cloning method. The nucleotide sequence of the gene contained an open reading frame of 2952 by encoding a polypeptide of 984 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence was very close to that of CDP from C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 (92% identity) but not so similar to that of CDP from C. stercorarium (20%). The recombinant CDP phosphorolyzed cellooligosaccharides larger than cellotriose and utilized cellooligosaccharides larger than cellobiose as the acceptor molecule. The enzyme was stable up to 60°C and showed highest activity at pH 7.5.
A cost effective motion estimation processor LSI using a simple and efficient algorithm (1995)

A motion estimation processor LSI has been developed using a simple and efficient algorithm while maintaining the accuracy of full search block matching. Only a single chip is required for performing field and frame real-time motion estimation at half-pel precision. This chip is capable of processing ITU-R601 video sequence for MPEG2 encoding with a 27 MHz clock.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Correction to: A methodology for quantifying the impact of casting procedure on anisotropy in fiber-reinforced concrete using X-ray CT (2019)

The article Correction to: A methodology for quantifying the impact of casting procedure on anisotropy in fiber-reinforced concrete using X-ray CT.
Purification and Properties of a Succinyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Specific for both Arginine and Ornithine (1994)

The arginine and ornithine succinyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bifunctional enzyme involved in the aerobic utilization of arginine and ornithine, has been purified to homogeneity. The apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was 150 kDa by gel filtration and 140 kDa by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. After SDS/PAGE two subunits of 35 kDa and 37 kDa were evident, indicating that the enzyme is a heterotetramer. Microsequence analysis of the electroblotted protein bands gave two different but well-conserved N-terminal amino acid sequences. The L-arginine saturation curve followed Henri-Michaelis kinetics with an apparent Km value of 0.5 mM. The sigmoidal saturation curve for L-ornithine indicated allosteric behaviour. D-Arginine, a competitive inhibitor with respect to L-arginine, reduced L-ornithine cooperativity. In the presence of spermidine, the L-ornithine saturation curve became increasingly sigmoidal, the Hill coefficient shifting from 2.5 in the absence of the inhibitor, to 3.5 in the presence of 20 mM spermidine. The L-arginine analog, L-homoarginine, was also a substrate of the succinyltransferase, and the saturation of the enzyme by this substrate was also cooperative. All these data confirmed the allosteric nature of the enzyme. Moreover, a mutant growing faster on L-ornithine than the parent strain had a modified succinyltransferase with a reduced L-ornithine cooperativity. The fate of L-homoarginine was different depending on whether the succinyltransferase was induced or not; excreted succinylhomoarginine was found in cultures induced for the transferase activity whereas guanidinovalerate was excreted in non-induced cultures. The 'waste' of succinyl CoA, which could not be regenerated from the excreted succinylhomoarginine, explained the inhibition exerted by L-homoarginine on growth when ornithine or arginine was used as the growth medium.
A Nanotube of Cyclic Porphyrin Dimers Connected by Nonclassical Hydrogen Bonds and Its Inclusion of C60 in a Linear Arrangement (2007)

Wie Erbsen in einer Schote sind einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse zufolge die C60-Moleküle in einem supramolekularen Einschlusskomplex mit cyclischen Porphyrindimeren aufgereiht (siehe Bild; N blau, Ni grün). Die cyclischen Moleküle stapeln sich durch nichtklassische C-H⋅⋅⋅N-Wasserstoffbrücken und π-π-Wechselwirkungen zwischen Pyridylgruppen zu einer Röhrenstruktur, die C60-Moleküle in linearer Anordnung aufnehmen kann. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z704058_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E and Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E-binding Protein (4EBP) and Their Upstream Signaling Components Undergo Diurnal Oscillation in the Mouse Hippocampus (2014)

Translation of mRNA plays a critical role in consolidation of long-term memory. Here, we report that markers of initiation of mRNA translation are activated during training for contextual memory and that they undergo diurnal oscillation in the mouse hippocampus with maximal activity observed during the daytime (zeitgeber time 4-8 h). Phosphorylation and activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), ribosomal protein S6, and eIF4F cap-complex formation, all of which are markers for translation initiation, were higher in the hippocampus during the daytime compared with night. The circadian oscillation in markers of mRNA translation was lost in memory-deficient transgenic mice lacking calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases. Moreover, disruption of the circadian rhythm blocked diurnal oscillations in eIF4E, 4EBP1, rpS6, Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and impaired memory consolidation. Furthermore, repeated inhibition of translation in the hippocampus 48 h after contextual training with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin impaired memory persistence. We conclude that repeated activation of markers of translation initiation in hippocampus during the circadian cycle might be critical for memory persistence.
Camera calibration, data segmentation, and fitting approaches for a visual edge inspection system (2004)

The design of edges is very important for many components. In this paper we therefore present a light-sectioning based measurement head, which is suitable for the edge inspection of different workpieces. Beyond the design we also present a new calibration technique for its camera. The calibration is mainly based on several perspective projections, which are successively executed. In each step, the linear system of homogeneous equations is solved by using singular value decomposition. Each mapping is therefore obtained in the least squares sense. Because of the novel design of the calibration device, a high number of reference points can be used for the description of these mappings. The inspection of a workpiece detail implicates a large amount of data, some of which is useless. To extract the data essential for the fitting routines, a special correlation/regression based template matching is proposed. After the description of the segmentation process we propose a measurement progression, which enables us to obtain a fast and easy perspective correction of the three-dimensional light sectioning data. Finally, a fitting method is presented. Based on singular value decomposition, the data is fitted to the corresponding form of the fillet or chamfer. As the fit is done in the least squares sense, one can obtain statistical information out of the decomposition process.
Analysis ofTcell subsets intheperipheral bloodand synovial fluid ofpatients withrheumatoid arthritis by means ofmonoclonal antibodies (1983)

T lymphocytes inthesepatients. The synovial fluidin rheumatoid arthritis differed fromtheperipheral bloodin2respects. Firstly, synovial fluid was characterised bya lowerhelper: suppressorratio duetoan increased numberofsuppressor/cytotoxic cells, and,secondly, itcontained an increased numberofactivated T cells bearing HLA DR antigens. Themajority ofthese activated T cells belonged tothehelper/inducer T cell subset. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)hasmanyfeatures which suggest itisanimmunologically mediated disease, andconsequently mucheffort hasbeendirected towards trying toidentify abnormalities intheblood lymphocyte population ofpatients withthis disease. Oneapproach hasbeentoidentify lymphocyte subpopulations bytheuseofspecific cell surface markers andtoseeifanyquantitative abnormalities exist. Suchstudies havefailed toreveal anyconsistent abnormality inpatients withRA.'Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) arenowavailable whichidentify functionally distinct, thymus-derived (Tcell) lymphocyte subsets termedtheT helper/inducer orT suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Theuseofthese McAbs allows amoreprecise analysis oftheimmunoregulatorymechanisms operating indisease states, andhas beenofvalue inanalysing lymphocyte populations in viral infections, immunodeficiencies, andautoimmunediseases.2 Theaimsofthis study werefirst to enumerate inducer andsuppressor T cell subsets in theperiperhal blood(PB)andsynovial fluid (SF)of patients withRA,andsecondly toseeifactivated T cells expressing HLA DR antigens werepresent in
Evolution of the GII.3[P12] Norovirus from 2010 to 2019 in Jiangsu, China (2021)

We conducted a comprehensive analysis on the epidemic and evolution of GII.3[P12] noroviruses and the results suggested that evolution was possibly driven by intergenic recombination and mutations in some key amino acid sites.
Pharmacokinetics of low molecular weight heparins in animal models. (1999)

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are a diverse group of depolymerized heparin preparations with molecular weights ranging from 1800 to 12,000 Da. Due to manufacturing differences, there are marked structural variations between LMWHs that exhibit distinct pharmacologic and biochemical profiles. Pharmacokinetic studies generally use indirect pharmacodynamic measures, particularly anti-Xa activity. Animal models have shown considerable variation between preparations in anti-Xa activity and other pharmacodynamic measures, including bioavailability and release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Each LMWH has a specific, assay-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, reinforcing the concept that each LMWH is a distinct, noninterchangeable, pharmaceutical product.
Development of new type of positron annihilation 2D-ACAR apparatus using metal package PS-PMT (2003)

The 2D-ACAR (angular correlation of the annihilation of the radiation) technique has been used for the investigation of electron momentum distribution. We have constructed a new position-sensitive {gamma}-ray detector with an effective area of about 160 mm x 160 mm which consists of 36 position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PS-PMT), a light spreader plate and 2760 Bi{sub 4}Ge{sub 3}O{sub 12}(BGO) scintillator pieces. A high detection efficiency for 511 keV {gamma}-rays ({approx}60%), a good spatial resolution ({approx}3 mm (FWHM)) and a good timing resolution ({approx}7.7 ns (FWHM)) were obtained. Improvement of existing 2D-ACAR apparatus using this detector has been made. (T. Tanaka)
Holographic assembly of quasicrystalline photonic heterostructures (2005)

Quasicrystals have a higher degree of rotational and point-reflection symmetry than conventional crystals. As a result, quasicrystalline heterostructures fabricated from dielectric materials with micrometer-scale features exhibit interesting and useful optical properties including large photonic bandgaps in two-dimensional systems. We demonstrate the holographic assembly of two-dimensional and three-dimensional dielectric quasicrystalline heterostructures, including structures with specifically engineered defects. The highly uniform quasiperiodic arrays of optical traps used in this process also provide model aperiodic potential energy landscapes for fundamental studies of transport and phase transitions in soft condensed matter systems.
Predictive control of IPMSM using torque sensor feedback for model errors compensation (2022)

This paper deals with predictive control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) using improved mathematical model. The aim is to provide high quality torque control employing simple cost function based on direct torque control and improved mathematical model of the motor which is based on measured nonlinear parameters of the motor. In order to adequately react to model parameter variation or mismatch we use a proportional integral (PI) observer for torque tracking error reduction. The real torque for feedback compensation is measured by the torque sensor. This PI observer sufficiently compensates the IPMSM model parameter mismatch and helps to eliminate the steady state error of the controller. Resulting control requires very little tuning effort and provides high quality control performance producing low torque ripple while achieving highly dynamic torque tracking. Simulations based on real laboratory prototype of the drive of rated power 4.5 kW have been used to test the control performance. An important contribution of this paper is the detailed analysis of the impact of model parameter mismatch to the overall control performance.
One-Step High-Throughput Blade Coating of Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

A metal halide perovskite (MHP) solution was developed that is compatible with high speed (1 m min <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) one-step blade coating.MHP solar cells from the developed solution can produce power conversion efficiency over 18% in ambient environment without any addition of antisolvent, gas drying, vacuum treatment or high-temperature annealing. Careful control of the annealing temperature allows fabricating of a more stable MHP due to the increased crystallinity of the MHP film. This development on one-step, antisolvent (or similar processing) treatment free, blade coating technique paves the way for the rollto- roll production of high-efficiency MHP solar cells.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Intermolecular Cyclotrimerization of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Cationic Rhodium(I)/Modified BINAP Complexes: Application to One‐Step Synthesis of Paracyclophanes (2004)

A highly regioselective intermolecular cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes has been developed based on the use of the cationic rhodium(I)/DTBM-Segphos complex. This method can be applied to a variety of terminal alkynes to provide 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzenes in high yield and with high regioselectivity. A chemo- and regioselective intermolecular crossed-cyclotrimerization of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with a variety of terminal alkynes has also been developed based on the use of the cationic rhodium(I)/H8-BINAP complex, furnishing 3,6-disubstituted phthalates in high yields. It constitutes a highly efficient new method for intermolecular crossed-cyclotrimerization of two different monoynes in terms of catalytic activity, chemo- and regioselectivity, scope of substrates, and ease of operation. The versatility of this new crossed-alkyne cyclotrimerization procedure is demonstrated through its application to one-step synthesis of a [6]metacyclophane and [7]-[12]paracyclophanes from the corresponding terminal alpha,omega-diynes. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the chemo- and regioselectivity of this crossed-alkyne cyclotrimerization are determined by the preferential formation of a specific rhodium metallacycle derived from a terminal alkyne and a dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
The Pathophysiology of Thyroid Eye Disease (2014)

The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease (TED) is complex and incompletely understood. Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) seem to be the key effector cells that are responsible for the characteristic soft tissue enlargement seen in TED. They express potentially pathogenic autoantigens, such as thyrotropin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. An intricate interplay between these autoantigens and the autoantibodies found in Graves disease may lead to the activation of OFs, which then leads to increased hyaluronan production, proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, and enhanced differentiation into either myofibroblasts or adipocytes. Some of the OFs in TED patients seem to be derived from infiltrating fibrocytes. These cells originate from the bone marrow and exhibit both fibroblast and myeloid phenotype. In the TED orbit, they may mediate the orbital expansion and inflammatory infiltration. Last, lymphocytes and cytokines are intimately involved in the initiation, amplification, and maintenance of the autoimmune process in TED.