gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
089 Failure of Testosterone Replacement Therapy to Improve Symptoms Correlates with Burden of Systemic Conditions (2018)

The symptoms of hypogonadism are non-specific and restoring testosterone (T) to physiologic levels may not lead to clinical improvement. We hypothesize that men with a higher burden of systemic conditions would be less likely to continue with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Our men’s health registry was queried for men who started TRT and adhered to follow up labs and visits within the first year. We restricted treatment to Testopel pellets due to reliable early T levels. Men were classified as yes/no for continued TRT based on whether they felt their presenting symptoms improved on therapy and they chose to continue TRT after the first 3-10 months. Our previously developed ACTIONS men’s health phenotype was calculated as a composite systemic disease score grading severity (0-2) for each of anxiety, cardiovascular disease, low testosterone, diabetes, obesity, neurologic disease and obstructive sleep apnea (total score 0-14). 60 men were identified with a mean age of 59.5 years (range 33-81) and mean starting total testosterone of 215 ng/dl (48-332). 39 men (65%) felt symptomatic benefit and continued therapy for a median of 40.4 months (20.5-76.4) vs 21 men without benefit treated for a median of 4.1 months (2.9-10.7, Mann Whitney p<0.0001). Those who stopped TRT had a higher ACTIONS score than those who continued (8+/-2.5 vs 4.1 +/-1.6, p<0.0001). Age weakly correlated with total ACTIONS score (r=0.28, p=0.03) but age or peak T level had no impact on continuing TRT and the relationship between continuing TRT and ACTIONS score held true regardless of age.
Impacts of Sample Preparation Methodology on TEM Failure Analysis of Advanced Semiconductor Devices (2011)

Abstract In this paper, two failure analysis case studies are presented to demonstrate the importance of sample preparation procedures to successful failure analyses. Case study 1 establishes that Palladium (Pd) cannot be used as pre-FIB coating for SiO2 thickness measurement due to the spontaneously Pd silicide formation at the SiO2/Si interface. Platinum (Pt) is thus recommended, in spite of the Pt/SiO2 interface roughness, as the pre-FIB coating in this application. In the second case study, the dual-directional TEM inspection method is applied to characterize the profile of the “invisible” tungsten residue defect. The tungsten residue appears invisible in the planeview specimen due to the low mass-thickness contrast. It is then revealed in the cross-sectional TEM inspection.
Computationally Guided Tuning of Peptide-Conjugated Perylene Diimide Self-Assembly (2021)

Peptide-π-conjugated materials are important for biointerfacing charge-transporting applications due to their aqueous compatibility and formation of long-range π-electron networks. Perylene diimides (PDIs), well-established charge-transporting π systems, can self-assemble in aqueous solutions when conjugated with amino acids. In this work, we leveraged computational guidance from our previous work to access two different self-assembled architectures from PDI-amino acid conjugates. Furthermore, we expanded the design rule to other sequences to learn that the closest amino acids to the π core have a significant effect on the photophysical properties of the resulting assemblies. By simply altering glycine to alanine at the closest residue position, we observed significantly different electronic properties as revealed through UV-vis, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Accompanying molecular dynamics simulations revealed two distinct types of self-assembled architectures: cofacial structures when the smaller glycine residue is at the closest residue position to the π core versus rotationally shifted structures when glycine is substituted for the larger alanine. This study illustrates the use of tandem computations and experiments to unearth and understand new design rules for supramolecular materials and exposes a modest amino acid substitution as a means to predictably modulate the supramolecular organization and engineer the photophysical properties of π-conjugated peptidic materials.
Combined heat transfer and fluid dynamic measurements behind a backward-facing step (1983)

Combined heat transfer and fluid dynamic measurements in a separated and reattaching boundary layer are presented. A constant heat flux surface behind a single-sided sudden expansion is used to obtain Stanton number profiles as a function of Reynolds number. Mean temperature and velocity profiles in log coordinates as well as near-wall skin friction and forward flow fraction data are compared. The Reynolds analogy poorly explains the complementary behavior of the Stanton and skin friction data, which show the maximum heat transfer rate at the mean reattachment point. Fluctuating skin friction and expanded temperature profiles demonstrate the importance of the near-wall region in controlling the heat transfer rate. 16 references.
FACT (2000)

FACT (Fast and ACcuraTe) is a query processing system aimed at providing users with facilities so that they can get the query results from the Web in a database-like fashion. The system takes user queries in the form of keywords (free text) and returns segments of Web pages that contain the required information. It works as follows. The input from a user is passed to a general- purpose search engine to obtain a set of URLs of Web pages that may contain the required information. The system later locates the query results from the Web pages reachable from these URLs. Since queries expressed in keywords may be not able to express query requirements precisely or may not guarantee the discovery of required information inherently, the user is asked to first browse a few pages, during which the system learns from her/him about the exact query requirements and heuristics of finding the required information through a series of hyperlinks. The system will process the rest URLs and present the results in the form of segments of Web pages to the user.
The impact of object-orientation on application development (1993)

Object-orientation introduces new deliverables, notations, techniques, activities, and tools. Application development consists not only of these items but also of work segmentation, scheduling, and managing the sharing and evolution of deliverables. This paper breaks application development into three major components: construction, coordination, and evolution, with the topic of reuse receiving extra attention. It highlights four aspects of object-orientation having impact: encapsulation, anthropomorphic design, reuse with extensibility, and incremental and iterative development.
Steady-state analysis of an interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors (2000)

Boost converters are widely used as power-factor corrected preregulators. In high-power applications, interleaved operation of two or more boost converters has been proposed to increase the output power and to reduce the output ripple. A major design criterion then is to ensure equal current sharing among the parallel converters. In this paper, a converter consisting of two interleaved and intercoupled boost converter cells is proposed and investigated. The boost converter cells have very good current sharing characteristics even in the presence of relatively large duty cycle mismatch. In addition, it can be designed to have small input current ripple and zero boost-rectifier reverse-recovery loss. The operating principle, steady-state analysis, and comparison with the conventional boost converter are presented. Simulation and experimental results are also given.
The impact of hereditary cancer gene panels on clinical care and lessons learned (2017)

Mutations in hereditary cancer syndromes account for a modest fraction of all cancers; however, identifying patients with these germline mutations offers tremendous health benefits to both patients and their family members. There are about 60 genes that confer a high lifetime risk of specific cancers, and this information can be used to tailor prevention, surveillance, and treatment. With advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and the elimination of gene patents for evaluating genetic information, we are now able to analyze multiple genes simultaneously, leading to the widespread clinical use of gene panels for germline cancer testing. Over the last 4 years since these panels were introduced, we have learned about the diagnostic yield of testing, the expanded phenotypes of the patients with mutations, and the clinical utility of genetic testing in patients with cancer and/or without cancer but with a family history of cancer. We have also experienced challenges including the large number of variants of unknown significance (VUSs), identification of somatic mutations and need to differentiate these from germline mutations, technical issues with particular genes and mutations, insurance coverage and reimbursement issues, lack of access to data, and lack of clinical management guidelines for newer and, especially, moderate and low-penetrance genes. The lessons learned from cancer genetic testing panels are applicable to other clinical areas as well and highlight the problems to be solved as we advance genomic medicine.
Searching for the polycystic ovary syndrome genes. (2000)

PCOS is a common disorder of unknown etiology. Studies of first-degree relatives of women diagnosed with PCOS suggest familial clustering of the disease. A prospective study of first-degree female relatives of women with PCOS conducted by NCPIR found that 46% of ascertainable sisters of women with PCOS were hyperandrogenemic. NCPIR has conducted linkage and association studies using affected sibling-pair analysis and the transmission/disequilibrium test to explore candidate PCOS genes. These studies point a finger at a region 1 MB centromeric to the insulin receptor gene on chromosome 19.
Nerve Growth Factor Downregulates Inflammatory Response in Human Monocytes through TrkA (2014)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels are highly increased in inflamed tissues, but their role is unclear. We show that NGF is part of a regulatory loop in monocytes: inflammatory stimuli, while activating a proinflammatory response through TLRs, upregulate the expression of the NGF receptor TrkA. In turn, NGF, by binding to TrkA, interferes with TLR responses. In TLR-activated monocytes, NGF reduces inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) while inducing the release of anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist). NGF binding to TrkA affects TLR signaling, favoring pathways that mediate inhibition of inflammatory responses: it increases Akt phosphorylation, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity, reduces IκB phosphorylation and p65 NF-κB translocation, and increases nuclear p50 NF-κB binding activity. Use of TrkA inhibitors in TLR-activated monocytes abolishes the effects of NGF on the activation of anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, thus increasing NF-κB pathway activation and inflammatory cytokine production while reducing IL-10 production. PBMC and mononuclear cells obtained from the synovial fluid of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis show marked downregulation of TrkA expression. In ex vivo experiments, the addition of NGF to LPS-activated juvenile idiopathic arthritis to both mononuclear cells from synovial fluid and PBMC fails to reduce the production of IL-6 that, in contrast, is observed in healthy donors. This suggests that defective TrkA expression may facilitate proinflammatory mechanisms, contributing to chronic tissue inflammation and damage. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel regulatory mechanism of inflammatory responses through NGF and its receptor TrkA, for which abnormality may have pathogenic implications for chronic inflammatory diseases.
Femtosecond transient absorption study of oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) film: Hot carriers, excitons, and charged polarons (2001)

We present a transient absorption spectroscopy study of oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) film. By comparing the spectral features and dynamics at different wavelengths using different probe polarizations, we conclude that three species are generated after the photoexcitation: hot carriers, excitons, and charged polarons. The charged polaron spectrum is measured with the probe beam polarized perpendicular to the polymer chains, and two bands are recognized. In addition, a new band in mid-IR regime is observed that decays faster than excitons, and whose peak shifts in time. This feature is assigned to hot carriers.
Design of beam transfer line and injection system of Pohang Light Source (2002)

The 2-GeV electron (or positron) beam provided by full energy linac is injected into the storage ring after passing about a 100-m-long beam transfer line. Since the linac is located outside and 6 m below the ring, the injecting beam is moved toward the ring in the vertical plane by a Lambertson magnet. Prior to the injection, the orbit of the stored beam is deflected toward the septum by using four bump magnets. The injection rate is 10 Hz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Time-Resolved CIDEP Study of the Laser Photoreduction of Pyruvic Acid by Lactic Acid (1989)

Abstract In addition to the well-known initial phototriplet polarization, unusual Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization (CIDEP) behavior in solutions of neat pyruvic acid/lactic acid has been attributed to ST_ Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) polarization in combination with absorptive initial Triplet Mechamism (TM) polarization and ST0 RPM polarization. Significant ST_ RPM contributions to such carbon centered radicals with small hyperfine splittings have rarely been observer in solution at room temperature.
Three‐dimensional multicomponent georadar imaging of sedimentary structures (2005)

ABSTRACT Multicomponent georadar methods that involve recording data using several different antenna configurations and orientations should provide better constrained information about the subsurface than conventional single‐component techniques. We test this hypothesis using three‐dimensional (3D) multicomponent data recently acquired across braided river sediments deposited adjacent to the Alpine Fault in New Zealand. Strong reflections were observed in the two pairs of co‐ and cross‐polarized data sets. Relatively high reflection amplitudes in the cross‐polarized data were a consequence of the dip and oblique orientation of most sedimentary structures relative to the antennae. Many differences in structural information content and reflection amplitude observed in the different components could be explained on the basis of rather simple wavefield models. To obtain reliable subsurface information, a novel 3D multicomponent imaging (migration) algorithm was applied to the data. This algorithm accounted for the effects of antenna orientation, antenna offset and far‐field electromagnetic radiation patterns. In addition to correcting the dips, positions and lengths of reflections, the multicomponent imaging also adjusted their relative amplitudes according to the far‐field wavefield model. The contributions of the cross‐polarized data to the images were particularly important in our data set, because they selectively enhanced dipping reflections oriented at oblique angles to the antenna axes. Phase characteristics of reflections with certain orientations and dips were not recovered consistently, indicating a need for further investigation.
Persistence, period and precision of autonomous cellular oscillators from the zebrafish segmentation clock (2016)

In vertebrate development, the sequential and rhythmic segmentation of the body axis is regulated by a "segmentation clock". This clock is comprised of a population of coordinated oscillating cells that together produce rhythmic gene expression patterns in the embryo. Whether individual cells autonomously maintain oscillations, or whether oscillations depend on signals from neighboring cells is unknown. Using a transgenic zebrafish reporter line for the cyclic transcription factor Her1, we recorded single tailbud cells in vitro. We demonstrate that individual cells can behave as autonomous cellular oscillators. We described the observed variability in cell behavior using a theory of generic oscillators with correlated noise. Single cells have longer periods and lower precision than the tissue, highlighting the role of collective processes in the segmentation clock. Our work reveals a population of cells from the zebrafish segmentation clock that behave as self-sustained, autonomous oscillators with distinctive noisy dynamics.
Biostability (2016)

Like most of the materials used by humans, polymeric materials are proposed in the literature and occasionally exploited clinically, as such, as devices or as part of devices, by surgeons, dentists, and pharmacists to treat traumata and diseases. Applications have in common the fact that polymers function in contact with animal and human cells, tissues, and/or organs. More recently, people have realized that polymers that are used as plastics in packaging, as colloidal suspension in paints, and under many other forms in the environment, are also in contact with living systems and raise problems related to sustainability, delivery of chemicals or pollutants, and elimination of wastes. These problems are basically comparable to those found in therapy. Last but not least, biotechnology and renewable resources are regarded as attractive sources of polymers. In all cases, water, ions, biopolymers, cells, and tissues are involved. Polymer scientists, therapists, biologists, and ecologists should thus use the same terminology to reflect similar properties, phenomena, and mechanisms. Of particular interest is the domain of the so-called “degradable or biodegradable polymers” that are aimed at providing materials with specific time-limited applications in medicine and in the environment where the respect of living systems, the elimination, and/or the bio-recycling are mandatory, at least ideally.
Quantitation of Serum Monoclonal Proteins: Relationship between Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Immunonephelometry (2009)

There are systematic differences in the quantification of monoclonal IgM and IgG by SPEP and NEPH. The bias in IgM is from NEPH overestimation. The nonlinearity of SPEP at high monoclonal IgG concentrations may obscure changes in plasma cell populations. Clinicians should be made aware of the biases and nonlinearity in these tests to make proper conclusions regarding treatment response.
<title>Automatic generation of object shape models and their application to tomographic image segmentation</title> (2001)

We describe a novel method to build 3D statistical shape models for anatomic objects in tomographic images, and demonstrate the use of the model to guide image segmentation. Our method consists of two main steps. In the first step, a statistical shape model is built for a collection of training images. Boundary similarities between adjacent transverse slices are matched to guide inter-slice interpolation. Slice-by-slice correspondences are established between images in the training sets by matching mean boundary curvatures. A statistical shep model is then obtained by principal components analysis. During the second step, the model is used to guide image segmentation. Segmentation is initialized by placing the mean shape into the image under analysis. The model deforms iteratively by updating its shape and pose parameters using the principles of the active shape model. Following the active shape model, an active contour model (snake) is used to refine the object boundary. The proposed methods have been tested using ten volumetric chest HRCT images. The results show that the new method is able to automatically generate 3D object shape models without the need for manual landmark identification. The combination of the active shape model with the active contour model yields a fast, accurate object segmentation.
ChemInform Abstract: DOPING OF GALLIUM ALUMINUM ARSENIDE (GA1‐XALXAS) GROWN BY LPE WITH SILICON AND GERMANIUM (1982)

Abstract Für p‐Typ‐Schichten aus Ge‐ und Si‐dotiertem.
Video compression using ITU-T recommendation H.264 (2005)

The H.264 standard defines a compliant bitstream and methods of decoding this bitstream\nto reconstruct a video sequence.\nThis research project introduces H.264 video compression techniques including FMO,\nCAVLC, Deblocking Filter, logarithmic quantisation and integer transformation.\nThe encoding process for the baseline profile is discussed in detail, specific implementation\nprocedures detailed and references made to available source code. Encoders are\nrequired to provide conforming bitstreams consistent with their stated profile and level.\nA decoder that declares its conformance to a specific profile must be able to support\nall of the features of that profile. Interoperability between individual encoders and\ndecoders is achieved through this profile and level compliance.\nThe provision of a GUI allows user interaction with the encoder and decoder. Parameters\nmay be varied in order to suit particular applications. The variation of parameters\nrequire tradeoffs between fidelity, file size and bit rate to be made.
Acetogenic Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Part 162. Ancistrocladinium A and B, the First N,C‐Coupled Naphthyldihydroisoquinoline Alkaloids, from a Congolese Ancistrocladus Species. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Deprotonation reactions of the aminocarbyne complex trans-[ReCl(CNH2)(dppe)2][BF4](dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2). Synthesis and properties of the cyano-complexes trans-[Re(CN)L(dppe)2](L = NCR, N2, CO or CCHPh) and crystal structure of trans-[Re(CN)(NCMe)(dppe)2]PriOH (1996)

The reaction of the aminocarbyne complex trans-[ReCl(CNH2)(dppe)2][BF4] with NBu4OH, under N2 or CO, afforded the cyano-dinitrogen or -carbonyl compound trans-[Re(CN)L(dppe)2](L = N2 or CO), respectively, whereas in the presence of an organonitrile or of phenylacetylene (under argon) the nitrile or the vinylidene complexes trans-[Re(CN)L(dppe)2](L = NCMe, NCPh, NCC6H4Me-4 or CCHPh, respectively) were obtained. Spectroscopic, FAB mass spectrometric and electrochemical data are reported and discussed in terms of the structural and electronic properties of these complexes. Electrochemical parameters which measure the electron richness and the polarizability of the trans-{Re(CN)(dppe)2} centre have been estimated and the cyanide ligand shown to present a very low capacity to buffer changes in the electron density at the metal upon changing the trans ligand. The crystal structure of trans-[Re(CN)(NCMe)(dppe)2]·PriOH has been determined.
Using Early Stopping to Reduce Overfitting in Wrapper-Based Feature Weighting (2005)

Abstract. It is acknowledged that overfitting can occur in feature selection using the wrapper method when there is a limited amount of training data available. It has also been shown that the severity of overfitting is related to the intensity of the search algorithm used during this process. We demonstrate that the problem of overfitting in feature weighting can be exacerbated if the feature weighting is fine grained. With greater representational power we risk learning not only the signal, but also the idiosyncrasies of the training data. In this paper we show that both of these effects can be ameliorated by the early-stopping strategy we present. Using this strategy feature weighting will outperform feature selection in most cases. 1