gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structures on the I‐A molecule predisposing for susceptibility to type II collagen‐induced autoimmune arthritis (1990)

The susceptibility to type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is profoundly influenced by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes in the H-2 region. Analyses of MHC-congenic strains on the B10 background show that only strains developing an anti-CII antibody response after immunization with autologous CII develop arthritis after induction with CII from various species. The susceptible haplotypes have been found to be H-2q, H-2r, H-2w3 and H-2w17. In addition, these haplotypes respond to different patterns of CII derived from various species suggesting that T cell receptors and CII peptides interact. In contrast, certain haplotypes closely related to H-2q, such as the H-2p and H-2w5 haplotypes, are resistant to induction of CIA and are nonresponders to CII. We have earlier shown that a critical structure on the I-A beta molecule determines the susceptibility differences between the p and q haplotypes. We have now determined the structure of exon 2 of the A beta as well as some of the A alpha genes of the remaining haplotypes in the p, q and r families. The sequences show similarities between the CIA-susceptible haplotypes in the A beta C-terminal part and the A alpha N-terminal part of the first domains forming a large part of the antigenic peptide-binding site. Among the wild mouse-derived haplotypes, the w5 haplotype showed an A beta sequence identical to that of the p haplotype consistent with its nonresponder nature to CII immunization. These findings suggest that (a) structures shared between different class II molecules are of importance for the susceptibility to disease in mouse strains and (b) most likely recognition of different CII peptides is important for development of disease.
N,O-Dimethylhydroxylamine (2006)

(·HCl) [1117-97-1] C2H7NO (MW 61.10) InChI = 1S/C2H7NO/c1-3-4-2/h3H,1-2H3 InChIKey = KRKPYFLIYNGWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6638-79-5] C2H8ClNO (MW 97.56) InChI = 1S/C2H7NO.ClH/c1-3-4-2;/h3H,1-2H3;1H InChIKey = USZLCYNVCCDPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used extensively in the formation of N-methoxy-N-methylamides2 and ureas,3 which are valuable acylating agents) Physical Data: mp −97 °C; bp 43.2 °C. ·HCl salt, mp 115–116 °C. Form Supplied in: commercially available as the HCl salt. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the free amine decomposes readily. However, the HCl salt is stable indefinitely.
Statin-induced Ras Activation Integrates the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signal to Akt and MAPK for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Osteoblast Differentiation (2006)

Lovastatin promotes osteoblast differentiation by increasing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression. We demonstrate that lovastatin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to an increase in its kinase activity in osteoblast cells. Inhibition of PI3K ameliorated expression of the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, osteopontin, and BMP-2. Expression of dominant-negative PI3K and PTEN, an inhibitor of PI3K signaling, significantly attenuated lovastatin-induced transcription of BMP-2. Akt kinase was also activated in a PI3K-dependent manner. However, our data suggest involvement of an additional signaling pathway. Lovastatin-induced Erk1/2 activity contributed to BMP-2 transcription. Inhibition of PI3K abrogated Erk1/2 activity in response to lovastatin, indicating the presence of a signal relay between them. We provide, as a mechanism of this cross-talk, the first evidence that lovastatin stimulates rapid activation of Ras, which associates with and activates PI3K in the plasma membrane, which in turn regulates Akt and Erk1/2 to induce BMP-2 expression for osteoblast differentiation.
The new HLA. (1992)

The application of molecular genetics and biochemical techniques to the study of the HLA system over the past few years has resulted in tremendous advances in our knowledge of this area of the human genome. In this article, we describe the "new HLA" that has been pieced together recently through the combined efforts of molecular geneticists, biochemists, and HLA serologists, as well as developments in attempts to elucidate the associations of HLA antigens and disease.
Total Synthesis of Bulbophylol-B (2008)

The first total synthesis of bulbophylol-B (1) has been achieved with the longest linear sequence of 12 steps and an overall yield of 17.9% via a new and practical approach to construct the dihydrodibenz[b,f]oxepin skeleton employing Wittig, selective reduction, and intramolecular Ullmann reactions as key steps.
Synthesis and characterization of cobalt nano‐particles through microwave polyol process (2009)

Abstract This article aims to synthesize and character cobalt nano‐particles through microwave polyol process. At first, cobalt acetate is used as precursor to synthesize cobalt nano‐particles by microwave assisted ethylene glycol in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent. As measured from ion‐coupled plasma (ICP) and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), the yields of as‐synthesized cobalt particles in average diameters of 40 and 81 nm verified by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), are 71 and 85%, respectively; and the structure of as‐synthesized cobalt nano‐particle is a face‐center cubic structure analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the as‐synthesized cobalt nano‐particle modified by oleic acid is dispersed in kerosene to character magnetic property. As measured by vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), the saturation magnetisms of cobalt nano‐particles with average diameters of 40 and 81 nm are 39.1 and 29.5 emu/g, respectively, in solution. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Cryogenic data books guide (1977)

It is very important to understand the properties of fluids and structual materials on designing or manufacturing the cryogenic systems. In spite of the fact, there is no way but import of the informations from foreign countries because these are not published in Japan. In this paper, the guidance how we can get data books and what kinds of them have been published so far are described.
Synthesis and photochemistry of AZO-type derivitized porphyrins with crosslinking applications (2009)

The objective of this work was to synthetically modify porphyrins such that they would possess a functionality that would crosslink within its biological environment upon photoactivation, in photodynamic therapy applications. The reaction of diazomethane and protoporphyrin dimethylester (9) yielded a series of three novel pyrazoline porphyrins (10 - 12) that were isolated and characterized. These were investigated for their ability to extrude molecular nitrogen on thermal and photochemical activation with both near-UV and long wavelength light to yield a 1,3- biradical intermediate that may provide a site for potential crosslinking. Upon activation three cyclopropane derivatives (15 - 17) were formed in high yield, presumably through the 1,3 biradical intermediate. These novel cyclopropane porphyrin derivatives were purified and characterized. The optimized diazomethane reaction was then carried out on a chlorin (18), a photosensitizer currently undergoing clinical trials for PDT, to yield the first example of a pyrazoline derivatized methylpyropheophorbide (MePPP, 19). Activation with heat, U V light or long wavelength light yielded the cyclopropane product of MePPP (20), analogous to the photoreaction described for the model PPDME pyrazoline reactions. These studies represent the first example of long wavelength activation of a photoactive functionality at the porphyrin periphery. Attempts to trap the biradical intermediates produced on photoactivation of the pyrazolines were carried out in solution. Unfortunately, no trapped products were isolated, presumably because the lifetimes of these intermediates proved to be too short due to efficient formation of the cyclopropane. The second photoactive functionality that was pursued is anticipated to yield a much longer lived carbene intermediate that should be more effective in cross-linking studies. The synthetic target was the diazirine of TPP (25). Five of the eight reactions planned in the synthesis of (25) were optimized, and scaled-up. Each of the intermediates (21, 22, 23, 24) were isolated and characterized. The reactions leading up to the novel trifluoroacetyl-TPP (23) provide the first example of introducing a trifluoroacetyl group at the β position of the porphyrin.
Optical modulation in a resonant tunneling relaxation oscillator (1999)

We report high-speed optical modulation in a resonant tunneling relaxation oscillator consisting of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) integrated with a unipolar optical waveguide and incorporated in a package with a coplanar waveguide transmission line. When appropriately biased, the RTD can provide wide-bandwidth electrical gain. For wavelengths near the material band edge, small changes of the applied voltage give rise to large, high-speed electroabsorption modulation of the light. We have observed optical modulation at frequencies up to 14 GHz, associated with subharmonic injection locking of the RTD oscillation at the fundamental mode of the coplanar transmission line, as well as generation of 33 ps optical pulses due to relaxation oscillation.
No effect of triheptanoin on exercise performance in McArdle disease (2019)

Despite increased resting plasma malate with triheptanoin, the increase was insufficient to generate a normal TCA turnover during exercise and the treatment has no effect on exercise capacity or oxidative metabolism in patients with McArdle disease.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution, 0.025% for Treatment of Ocular Redness (2017)

Brimonidine 0.025% appeared safe, well tolerated, and reduced ocular redness for at least 4 hours. No tachyphylaxis or rebound redness upon treatment discontinuation was observed.
Tuning Pd-nanoparticle@MIL-101(Cr) Catalysts for Tandem Reductive Amination (2017)

The versatility of MOFs as highly porous Lewis acidic supports for precious metal nanoparticles has been exploited for one-pot tandem reductive amination catalysis. MIL-101(Cr) loaded with Pd nanoparticles ca. 3 nm in size at 0.2–1 wt% has been used to catalyse the reaction of 4′-fluoroacetophenone with benzylamine under 10 bar of H2 to give the secondary amine, 4′-fluoro-α-methyl-N-phenylmethylbenzenemethanamine. For the highest Pd loading, major hydrogenolysis of the secondary amine occurs in a second tandem reaction, but by changing the ratio of Pd to Lewis acidic Cr3+ active sites it is possible to tune the catalytic selectivity to the desired 2° amine product. An empirical kinetic analysis was performed to demonstrate this active site complementarity.
Biological Properties of an Heparin-Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Copolymer (1977)

The heparin-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer was prepared by polymerization of methyl methacrylate on an heparin radical. It was initiated by cerium IV ions and heparin in nitric aqueous solution. An heparin effect was present in the plasma in contact with the copolymer. It was not due to a release of heparin in the plasma, but to a contact effect. The anticoagulant effect was depending upon the concentration of the copolymer. The activity of clotting factors in plasma, after a contact with the copolymer was not decreased except for factor V. Antithrombin III was selectively adsorbed on the surface of the copolymer. The copolymer lost progressively its anticoagulant properties after each contact with the plasma. This might be due to the adsorption of fibrinogen on the copolymer. Labelled 125I albumin, transferrin, Ig G and fibrinogen were not similarly desorbed in the presence of serum and of plasma. This copolymer seems to offer interesting properties for blood devices.
Application of Riemannian mean of covariance matrices to space-time adaptive processing (2012)

The application of space-time adaptive processing to airborne GMTI radar data requires estimation of the covariance matrix. Among many novel results in the radar signal processing context, it has been shown that the usual sample covariance matrix based STAP approaches are suboptimal in that they are in the Euclidean space, rather than a natural Riemannian space of symmetric cones. In this paper, the algorithms of Riemannian mean based on the Karcher barycenter is shown to provide dramatically improved performance over the classic sample matrix inversion (SMI) technique.
Public-Private Joint Research toward the Realization of Advanced Road Services (2006)

In Japan, endeavours to realize next-generation SmartWay (Intelligent Road) incorporating various services utilizing advanced ITS technology are described, and the development of a common foundation for realizing various ITS services utilizing 5.8GHz-DSRC (Directed Short Range Communication) used in fast-growing ETC (Electric Toll Collection System) is promoted. The results of public-private joint research toward the realization of next-generation road services and of the Smartway Demo 2006 are outlined. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.
[Effect of behavioral training on learning and memory capacity and changes of hippocampal NR2B and GluR1 expressions in FGR offspring rats]. (2010)

Behavioral training can improve the learning and memory abilities of FGR offspring rats, the mechanism of which is probably related to increased expression of NR2B and GluR1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Guidelines for Noise and Vibration Levels for the Space Station (1987)

Human habitability noise and vibration guidelines for the Space Station are presented. These were developed by a working group of experts established by the Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics (CHABA) of the National Research Council's Commission on Behavioral and Social Science and Education. Noise exposure limits are suggested that will permit adequate speech communication, sleep, and hearing safety. Vibration exposure limits are suggested which will provide adequate comfort and permit adequate task performance. These are provided for guidance only for setting criteria. The exact criteria will depend on Space Station design and duty cycles.
Early Functional Outcomes for Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Anti–N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis during Inpatient Rehabilitation (2018)

The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Hyperglycemia- and Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Human T Lymphocytes and Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC) (2021)

Approximately 65% of patients with T2DM die as a result of cardiovascular disease with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia being important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Both T2DM and atherosclerosis are considered to be inflammatory processes Human T-lymphocytes (T-cells) and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) have been shown to be components of plaque formation in atherosclerosis. T cells and HAEC are unique in that in their naive state they have no insulin receptors responsive to insulin but become activated in vitro hyperglycemia and in vivo hyperglycemic conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperglycemic conditions. Our studies show that T-cells and HAEC in the presence of high concentrations of glucose /and or the saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitic acid become activated and express insulin receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine elevation, and lipid peroxidation in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Whereas, the unsaturated fatty acid α-linoleic, was not able to activate these cells and had a salutary effect on the activation by glucose and palmitic acid. We have demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) may provide a protective mechanism against the prooxidant effects of hyperglycemia and high SFA such as palmitic acid. Therefore, diet alternations may be beneficial for decreasing hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risks. Studies have shown that lifestyle changes of diet and exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 58%. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we studied the effects of a High Protein diet versus a High Carbohydrate diet in obese non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic subjects for effects on weight loss, blood sugar, lipid levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Optimal Quantum Clocks (2005)

A quantum clock must satisfy two basic constraints. The first is a bound on the time resolution of the clock given by the difference between its maximum and minimum energy eigenvalues. The second follows from Holevo’s bound on how much classical information can be encoded in a quantum system. We show that asymptotically, as the dimension of the Hilbert space of the clock tends to infinity, both constraints can be satisfied simultaneously. The experimental realization of such an optimal quantum clock using trapped ions is discussed.
EVALUATION OF EXTRACTANT-COATED FERROMAGNETIC MICROPARTICLES FOR THE RECOVERY OF HAZARDOUS METALS FROM WASTE SOLUTION (1999)

ABSTRACT A magnetically assisted chemical separation (MACS) process developed at Argonne National Laboratory is a compact method for the extraction of transuranic (TRU) metals from, and volume reduction of, liquid waste streams that exist at many DOE sites. The MACS process utilized the selectivity afforded by solvent extractant/ion-exchange materials in conjunction with magnetic separation to provide a more efficient chemical separation. Recently, the principle of the MACS process has been extended to the evaluation of acidic organophosphorus extractants for hazardous metal recovery from waste solutions. Moreover, process scale-up design issues were addressed in respect to particle filtration and recovery. Two acidic organophosphorus compounds have been investigated for hazardous metal recovery, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex® 301). These extractants coated onto magnetic microparticles demonstrated superior recovery of hazardous metals from solution as compared with data from solvent extraction experiments. The results illustrate the possibility for diverse applications of this technology for dilute waste streams. Preliminary process scale-up experiments with a high-gradient magnetic separator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory revealed the potential for very low microparticle loss rates.
Caltech-256 Object Category Dataset (2007)

We introduce a challenging set of 256 object categories containing a total of 30607 images. The original Caltech-101 [1] was collected by choosing a set of object categories, downloading examples from Google Images and then manually screening out all images that did not fit the category. Caltech-256 is collected in a similar manner with several improvements: a) the number of categories is more than doubled, b) the minimum number of images in any category is increased from 31 to 80, c) artifacts due to image rotation are avoided and d) a new and larger clutter category is introduced for testing background rejection. We suggest several testing paradigms to measure classification performance, then benchmark the dataset using two simple metrics as well as a state-of-the-art spatial pyramid matching [2] algorithm. Finally we use the clutter category to train an interest detector which rejects uninformative background regions. &#13;\n
Antenatal corticosteroids alter insulin signaling pathways in fetal baboon skeletal muscle (2014)

We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) negatively alters the insulin signal transduction pathway and has differing effects on the fetus according to gestational age (GA) at exposure. Twenty-three fetal baboons were delivered from 23 healthy, nondiabetic mothers. Twelve preterm (0.67 GA) and 11 near-term (0.95 GA) baboons were killed immediately after delivery. Half of the pregnant baboons at each gestation received two doses of i.m. betamethasone 24 h apart (170 μg/kg) before delivery, while the other half received no intervention. Vastus lateralis muscle was obtained from postnatal animals to measure the protein content and gene expression of insulin receptor β (IRβ; INSR), IRβ Tyr 1361 phosphorylation (pIRβ), IR substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation (pIRS1), p85 subunit of PI3-kinase, AKT (protein kinase B), phospho-AKT Ser473 (pAKT), AKT1, AKT2, and glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT4). Skeletal muscle from preterm baboons exposed to GCs had markedly reduced protein content of AKT and AKT1 (respectively, 73 and 72% from 0.67 GA control, P<0.001); IRβ and pIRβ were also decreased (respectively, 94 and 85%, P<0.01) in the muscle of premature GC-exposed fetuses but not in term fetuses. GLUT1 and GLUT4 tended to increase with GC exposure in preterm animals (P=0.09), while GLUT4 increased sixfold in term animals after exposure to GC (P<0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a single course of antenatal GCs during fetal life alters the insulin signaling pathway in fetal muscle in a manner dependent on the stage of gestation.
Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2002)

Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) generally involves preemptive treatment of recognized infection before the onset of overt CMV-associated disease. The success of this method depends on efficient recognition of infection and intervention before the disease progresses. Reliable tests for such diagnosis include blood culture, antigenemia assays, polymerase chain reaction assays, and other DNA sequence- or RNA sequence-based assays. For selected high-risk patients, such as patients receiving T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplants, prophylactic use of antiviral agents before the onset of CMV infection is recommended. The ability to monitor the immunological status of the patient relative to CMV-specific immunity is increasing in importance. Ultimately, the solution to the problem of efficient prevention of CMV infection in this population will require combined antiviral chemotherapy and improved reconstitution of CMV immunity.
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in the normal human kidney: a possible role in protecting cell membranes. (1994)

Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury. It is generally accepted that selenium-glutathione peroxidases form an integrated system defending the living organism against oxidative damage. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) is thought to play a prominent role in preventing lipid peroxidation. Indeed, the function of PHGPX is to reduce the lipophilic substrates in membranes. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of PHGPX in normal human kidney by immunohistochemistry. The enzyme in glomeruli is mainly expressed in podocytes and parietal epithelial cells. In addition, PHGPX antigen was detected in tubule epithelial cells. Therefore, these results suggest that renal epithelial cells possess an important antioxidizing activity related to the presence of PHGPX.