gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Merosin and laminin in myogenesis; specific requirement for merosin in myotube stability and survival. (1996)

Laminin (laminin-1; alpha 1-beta 1-gamma 1) is known to promote myoblast proliferation, fusion, and myotube formation. Merosin (laminin-2 and -4; alpha 2-beta 1/beta 2-gamma 1) is the predominant laminin variant in skeletal muscle basement membranes; genetic defects affecting its structure or expression are the causes of some types of congenital muscular dystrophy. However, the precise nature of the functions of merosin in muscle remain unknown. We have developed an in vitro system that exploits human RD and mouse C2C12 myoblastic cell lines and their clonal variants to study the roles of merosin and laminin in myogenesis. In the parental cells, which fuse efficiently to multinucleated myotubes, merosin expression is upregulated as a function of differentiation while laminin expression is downregulated. Cells from fusion-deficient clones do not express either protein, but laminin or merosin added to the culture medium induced their fusion. Clonal variants which fuse, but form unstable myotubes, express laminin but not merosin. Exogenous merosin converted these myotubes to a stable phenotype, while laminin had no effect. Myotube instability was corrected most efficiently by transfection of the merosin-deficient cells with the merosin alpha 2 chain cDNA. Finally, merosin appears to promote myotube stability by preventing apoptosis. Hence, these studies identify novel biological functions for merosin in myoblast fusion and muscle cell survival; furthermore, these explain some of the pathogenic events observed in congenital muscular dystrophy caused by merosin deficiency and provide in vitro models to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of this disease.
The transfer of fibres between clothing materials during simulated contacts and their persistence during wear. Part III--Fibre persistence. (1975)

The number of wool and acrylic fibres transferred to various articles of clothing during simulated contacts has been studied. The variation of the number of fibres transferred from a new wool sweater with area of contact is described and repeated contacts over the same area were found to cause the transfer of some fibres back to the garment of origin. The effects of pressure, type of recipient garment, number of repeated contact passes and fibre length were investigated for wool fibres using a balanced four-way classification experiment. After the analysis of variance all four effects, the pressure-length interaction and the garment-length interaction were found to be significant. The number of fibres transferred increased considerably with pressure and despite their surface appearance more fibres were observed on the recipient jackets than on the sweaters. When the same area of material was used for repeated contact passes the number of fibres transferred at each pass progressively decreased. The transference of fibres from the new wool sweater was compared to that from an old sweater and a square of handknitted acrylic material in a three-way classification experiment. The significance of recipient garment and the number of contact passes was confirmed but no significant difference was found in the number of fibres produced by the three different transferring materials. As high pressure and coarse recipient garments produced a greater proportion of short fibres than low pressure and smooth recipient garments, it is suggested that fragmentation of fibres during the contact may be an important mechanism in fibre transference.
Recortando e colando as imagens da vida cotidiana do trabalho e da cultura lúdica das meninas-mulheres e das mulheres-meninas da Zona da Mata Canavieira Pernambucana (2002)

Este texto trata de diversos aspectos macro e microssociais da vida cotidiana das meninas-mulheres e das mulheres-meninas da Zona na Mata Canavieira Pernambucana. Procura mostrar, por um lado, a alienação e o conformismo que se expressam na dura e perversa vida de trabalho precoce, dupla jornada de trabalho e trabalho doméstico dessas meninas e mulheres. Por outro lado, valoriza outros aspectos relacionados à transgressão e resistência da cultura lúdica construídas em surdina na vida cotidiana, para além da alienação e do conformismo, a saber: o lazer/lúdico construído à revelia do sistema patriarcal e do projeto de estranhamento do trabalho capitalista no mundo rural.
INTERMATRIX SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER‐STABILIZED FUNCTIONAL METAL AND METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (2013)

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are excellent candidates for understanding and controlling the magnetic properties of NPs through the variation of chemistry at the atomic level. In this chapter the authors describe the preparation of Fe3O4 NPs and coat them with silver within various porous polymer matrices, of both anionic and cationic functionality. One of the synthetic advantages of the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) method allows the preparation of various NP architectures. The chapter discusses the synthesis of superparamagnetic core NPs, which are represented by iron oxide NPs. When preparing core-shell NPs, it is important to know the nature of the oxidative states of the metals containing polymer-metal nanocomposites (NCs) in order to determine whether the desired composite has been synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), is used to characterize the polymer-NP NC material.
Scalable Service Composition Execution through Asynchronous I/O (2013)

In the last few years different solutions have been proposed for the composition of Web APIs. In this paper we focus on the scalability problems appearing when the software platform in charge of executing Service Compositions (which are defined as Directed Acyclic Graphs, DAGs) is supposed to support huge numbers of concurrent executions. This is the case of viral applications as well as of Cloud Computing scenarios where Service Compositions are deployed and executed in multi-tentant platforms implementing different paradigms such as Business Process as a Service, Mashup as a Service, Service Composition as a Service. The proposed solution exploits the Asynchronous I/O paradigm for the efficient utilization of system resources such as threads and memory.
Zebrafish Models to Study New Pathways in Tauopathies (2021)

Tauopathies represent a vast family of neurodegenerative diseases, the most well-known of which is Alzheimer's disease. The symptoms observed in patients include cognitive deficits and locomotor problems and can lead ultimately to dementia. The common point found in all these pathologies is the accumulation in neural and/or glial cells of abnormal forms of Tau protein, leading to its aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles. Zebrafish transgenic models have been generated with different overexpression strategies of human Tau protein. These transgenic lines have made it possible to highlight Tau interacting factors or factors which may limit the neurotoxicity induced by mutations and hyperphosphorylation of the Tau protein in neurons. Several studies have tested neuroprotective pharmacological approaches. On few-days-old larvae, modulation of various signaling or degradation pathways reversed the deleterious effects of Tau mutations, mainly hTauP301L and hTauA152T. Live imaging and live tracking techniques as well as behavioral follow-up enable the analysis of the wide range of Tau-related phenotypes from synaptic loss to cognitive functional consequences.
Interaction of the Doa4 Deubiquitinating Enzyme with the Yeast 26S Proteasome (1999)

e Saccharomyces cerevisiae Doa4 deubiquitinating enzyme is required for the rapid degradation of protein substrates of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Previous work suggested that Doa4 functions late in the pathway, possibly by deubiquitinating (poly)-ubiquitin-substrate intermediates associated with the 26S proteasome. We now provide evidence for physical and functional interaction between Doa4 and the proteasome. Genetic interaction is indicated by the mutual enhancement of defects associated with a deletion of DOA4 or a proteasome mutation when the two mutations are combined. Physical association of Doa4 and the proteasome was investigated with a new yeast 26S proteasome purification procedure, by which we find that a sizeable fraction of Doa4 copurifies with the protease. Another yeast deubiquitinating enzyme, Ubp5, which is related in sequence to Doa4 but cannot substitute for it even when overproduced, does not associate with the proteasome. DOA4-UBP5 chimeras were made by a novel PCR/yeast recombination method and used to identify an N-terminal 310-residue domain of Doa4 that, when appended to the catalytic domain of Ubp5, conferred Doa4 function, consistent with Ubp enzymes having a modular architecture. Unlike Ubp5, a functional Doa4-Ubp5 chimera associates with the proteasome, suggesting that proteasome binding is important for Doa4 function. Together, these data support a model in which Doa4 promotes proteolysis through removal of ubiquitin from proteolytic intermediates on the proteasome before or after initiation of substrate breakdown.
Stereoselectivity of the interaction of muscarinic antagonists with their receptors. (1989)

The stereoselectivity of the interaction with muscarinic receptors of enantiomers of a series of chiral antagonists is receptor subtype dependent. There is no overall relationship between stereoselectivity and receptor affinity. Depending on the antagonist studied, receptor stereoselectivity may indeed reflect: (1) the weakening or loss of a single interaction involving one of the four groups bound to the asymmetric carbon; (2) steric hindrance preventing optimum interaction of the low affinity steroisomer with the receptor; and/or (3) the inversion of the relative positions of two moieties of the ligand with similar structural and electronic properties i.e. comparable affinities for the two corresponding subsites in the receptor.
Modeling of mineral matter behavior in coal-fired gas turbines, October 1, 1985-September 30, 1986 (1986)

The objective of this task is to develop analytical models for establishing the relationship between the contaminants released from coal combustion and the resulting corrosion, erosion, and fouling of coal-fired gas turbines. The models are to be used for assessing the influence of operating variables such as coal cleaning, slurry composition, turbine inlet temperature, and blade cooling on the turbine performance. 5 refs.
Histologic Features of ALK-Expressing Adenocarciomas of the Lung (2011)

Purpose: This study was designed to define the specific histologic features of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-expressing pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Of the 580 pulmonary adenocarcinomas diagnosed between March 2010 and February 2011, immunohistochemical staining for ALK was performed in 269 cases showing any suspicious histologic features in previous reports. The subtype according to the World Health Organization classification and the characteristic histologic features were re-evaluated in ALK-expressing cases. Results: A total of 46 cases (7.9% of the 580 adenocarcinomas, 17.1% of the 269 studied cases) were positive for ALK. Among the 46 cases showing ALK positivity, 35 cases (76%) showed intra-and/or extra-cytoplasmic mucin. The most well-known characteristic finding associated with ALK, signet ring cells, was found in 18 cases (39.1%). Cribriform pattern with extracytoplasmic mucin was identified in five cases. In six cases, all three features were found. On the other hand, there were three other cases that did not show any of the aforementioned histologic features. In 12 lobectomy specimens, the most common histologic pattern was a solid pattern (five cases, 41.6%). Conclusion: Intra-and/or extra-cytoplasmic mucin, including signet ring cell appearance and a cribriform pattern with extracytoplasmic mucin, are characteristic features of ALK-expressing non-small cell lung cancer.
18 TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION DURING NEONATAL CARE OF THE FIRST BITRANSGENIC FEMALE BOVINE CLONE (2011)

This work describes the treatment with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) of a 37-day cloned calf after suffering ruminal acidosis by ingestion of milk. Cells for SCNT were obtained by using a bicistronic vector for human lysozyme and lactoferrin. We obtained 7 embryos and 2 pregnancies. Only one fetus was born alive weighing 47 kg and it was presented to the neonatal unit of INTA showing a deep depression, diarrhoea, dehydration (10%), hyperthermia and inability to stand (Table 1). A 20-cm-length 20-Ga-diameter catheter (Arrow) was placed in the jugular vein. Blood samples from catheter and brachial artery showed leukocytosis, hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis (Table 1). Esophageal tube was placed to remove 5 L of ruminal content and for the administration of 2 L of a solution of sodium bicarbonate (40 g L–1 of water). Saline (NaCl, 9 g L–1), sodium bicarbonate (8.4 g/100 mL) and 10% dextrose were administered IV until dehydration; blood pH and glucose were corrected. Ceftriaxone 1 g IM/12 h (Acantex, Roche) to prevent bacterial translocation, 1.175 mg of flunixin meglumine (PharmaVet) as anti-endotoxic dose and 80 mg of ranitidine IV/12h (Vetanco) to prevent laminitis were also administered. Two litres of bovine plasma were administered during the first 2 days and, after this, we began with a TPN regimen due to lack of sucking reflex and animal anorexia. Kabiven (Fresenius Kabi AV) was administered at 1 g of lipids/kg/24 h by a regimen of 18 drops min–1 to prevent hyperlipidemia at the recommended dose for humans. For this reason, we also administered dextrose 25% 12.5 drops min–1 and amino acids 11.5% 504 mL (Rivero), to reach a dose of 10 g/kg/24 h and 2 g/kg/24 h, respectively. Saline (NaCl, 9 g L–1) and vitamin complex (Rivial Paediatrics, Rivero) was also administered to cover water and vitamin requirements. The TPN therapy lasted 24 days during which the animal regularized its metabolic functions, reversed signs of ruminal acidosis and learned to eat a balanced ration and hay. To our knowledge, no information is available on such a long period of TPN in bovine neonates. This work shows that TPN can increase the survival chances of high risk animals and thus the final efficiency of cloning and transgenesis. Table 1. Clinical and haematological responses to 24-day total parenteral nutrition in a 37-day cloned female calf The authors thank Fresenius Kavi and Rivero Laboratories for their support.
Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Temperate Phages in Clostridium difficile (2007)

Eight temperate phages were characterized after mitomycin C induction of six Clostridium difficile isolates corresponding to six distinct PCR ribotypes. The hypervirulent C. difficile strain responsible for a multi-institutional outbreak (NAP1/027 or QCD-32g58) was among these prophage-containing strains. Observation of the crude lysates by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of three phages with isometric capsids and long contractile tails (Myoviridae family), as well as five phages with long noncontractile tails (Siphoviridae family). TEM analyses also revealed the presence of a significant number of phage tail-like particles in all the lysates. Southern hybridization experiments with restricted prophage DNA showed that C. difficile phages belonging to the family Myoviridae are highly similar and most likely related to previously described prophages phiC2, phiC5, and phiCD119. On the other hand, members of the Siphoviridae phage family are more genetically divergent, suggesting that they originated from distantly related ancestors. Our data thus suggest that there are at least three genetically distinct groups of temperate phages in C. difficile; one group is composed of highly related myophages, and the other two groups are composed of more genetically heterogeneous siphophages. Finally, no gene homologous to genes encoding C. difficile toxins or toxin regulators could be identified in the genomes of these phages using DNA hybridization. Interestingly, each unique phage restriction profile correlated with a specific C. difficile PCR ribotype.
Understanding Chance: From Student Voice to Learning Supports in a Design Experiment in the Domain of Probability (2005)

Six middle-school students participated in pre-intervention interviews that informed the design of learning tools for a computer-enhanced experimental unit on probability and statistics. In accord with the PME-NA XXVII conference theme, we elaborate our methodological frameworks and design principles. Our design was in response to students ’ failure to solve compound-event problems. We characterize student difficulty as ‘ontological fuzziness ’ regarding the stochastic device, its combinatorial space, and individual outcomes. We conclude that students need opportunities to concretize the combinatorial space. Also, we conjecture that, given suitable learning tools, students could build on their comfort with single-outcome problems to solve compound-event problems. To those ends, we designed the ‘9-block, ’ a mixed-media stochastic device that can be interpreted either as a compound sample of 9 independent outcomes, a single independent event, or as a sample out of a population. We explain activities around the designed tools and outline future work on the unit.
Circulating fibrocytes as a new tool to predict lung cancer progression after surgery? (2021)

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death. In 2008, 2 206 771 new cases and 1 796 144 deaths were reported worldwide [1]. At diagnosis, approximately one third of the patients have a potentially resectable tumour that is confined to the chest without clinical evidence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy (clinical stages I and II). Nevertheless, even after complete surgical resection, the overall survival in such patients with early-stage disease remains disappointing. The 5-year survival rate even for patients with stage IA or IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 73% and 56%, respectively [2]. Besides, the 5-year risks of local or regional recurrence after surgery alone for NSCLC for stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB and IIIA are also high (16%, 23%, 37%, 39% and 30%, respectively [3]). The 5-year survival of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with early-stage resected disease (T1,2N0M0) is roughly similar, around 50% [4]. Relapse of the disease at distant sites, despite complete removal of all macroscopic lesions, is the main cause of treatment failure [5–8]. The presence of micro-metastatic disease at resection is the likely reason for such relapse. However, the mechanisms involved in micro-metastases propagation remains to be clarified. Fibrocytes could identify patients who will suffer from a worse than expected prognosis after surgery for early lung cancer <https://bit.ly/3htPVtC>
Bandgap Energy of GaNAs Alloys Grown on (001) GaAs by Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1997)

GaNAs layers have been successfully grown on GaAs(001) substrates by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy using monomethylhydrazine (MMHy) as a N source. The N composition in GaNAs increased with decreasing growth temperature and with the increasing MMHy precursor ratio in the group-V precursors. We obtained a N composition of 7.2% in GaNAs. With the increased N composition, the absorption spectra shifted to lower energy and the absorption coefficient increased by one order of magnitude. When the N composition in GaNAs is less than 1%, the measured bandgap energy is very close to the theoretical bandgap energy based on the dielectric model. However, for N composition larger than 1%, the bandgap energy deviated considerably from the dielectric model, and approached the theoretical bandgap energy based on the first-principles supercell models.
Synthesis of “Porphyrin-Linker-Thiol” Molecules with Diverse Linkers for Studies of Molecular-Based Information Storage (2000)

The attachment of redox-active molecules such as porphyrins to an electroactive surface provides an attractive approach for electrically addressable molecular-based information storage. Porphyrins are readily attached to a gold surface via thiol linkers. The rate of electron transfer between the electroactive surface and the porphyrin is one of the key factors that dictates suitability for molecular-based memory storage. This rate depends on the type and length of the linker connecting the thiol unit to the porphyrin. We have developed different routes for the preparation of thiol-derivatized porphyrins with eight different linkers. Two sets of linkers explore the effects of linker length and conjugation, with one set comprising phenylethyne units and one set comprising alkyl units. One electron-deficient linker has four fluorine atoms attached directly to a thiophenyl unit. To facilitate the synthesis of the porphyrins, convenient routes have been developed to a wide range of aldehydes possessing a protected S-acetylthio group. An efficient synthesis of 1-(S-acetylthio)-4-iodobenzene also has been developed. A set of porphyrins, each bearing one S-acetyl-derivatized linker at one meso position and mesityl moieties at the three remaining meso positions, has been synthesized. Altogether seven new aldehydes, eight free base porphyrins and eight zinc porphyrins have been prepared. The zinc porphyrins bearing the different linkers all form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold via in situ cleavage of the S-acetyl protecting group. The SAM of each porphyrin is electrochemically robust and exhibits two reversible oxidation waves.
The zoom FFT using complex modulation (2005)

A recent paper by Yip discussed the zoom transform as derived from the defining equation of the FFT. This paper simplifies the concepts and removes some of the restrictions assumed by Yip; ie., the total number of points need not be a power of 2. The technique is based on first specifying the desired center frequency, bandwidth, and frequency resolution. The signal is then sampled, modulated, and lowpass filtered. This result is purposely aliased, then transformed using an FFT algorithm. The result is an M-point frequency spectra of the desired bandwidth centered about the center frequency with a higher degree of resolution than could be directly obtained using an M-point transform.
Effects of Glyphosate Combinations by 2,4-D or Dicamba on Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) (1989)

Applications of isopropylamine glyphosate at 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ae/ha in combination with the dimethylamine salts of 2,4-D or dicamba at 0.14, 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg ae/ha produced additive or synergistic field bindweed control compared to the herbicides applied alone. Leaf and root growth was inhibited more from herbicide combinations than would be predicted from the effects of the chemicals applied alone at the same rate. The uptake of 14 C from glyphosate into the treated leaf and its accumulation in roots increased when 2,4-D or dicamba was combined with the 0.28 kg/ha rate of 14 C-glyphosate. The combination of 2,4-D or dicamba with a higher (0.84 kg/ha) 14 C-glyphosate rate did not change total absorption of 14 C from glyphosate. However, compared to 0.84 kg/ha of 14 C-glyphosate applied alone, less 14 C accumulated above the treated leaf and more accumulated in the roots when 2,4-D was added to the glyphosate. The combination of glyphosate with 2,4-D or dicamba generally resulted in both increased uptake of 14 C from 2,4-D or dicamba and greater accumulation in the roots. The additive or synergistic field bindweed control observed from mixtures of glyphosate with 2,4-D or dicamba appeared to be due to greater accumulation of the herbicides in the roots.