gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A real-time guidance system for an autonomous vehicle (2005)

A real-time system for the control of an autonomous vehicle consisting of a nested hierarchy of control modules is described. The focus is on the PILOT module which provdies the real-time guidance of the system. It is responsible for the generation and tracking of dynamically feasible trajectories which follow the generally planned path and avoid local obstacles. The PILOT operation is based on a combination of simple rules and heuristic search. The state space consists of two parts: the lower level state space which represents the model of the world as a set of relationships among the units of vehicle state variables representing steering, acceleration, and velocity, as well as positions of obstacles, and the upper level state space where the relationships among generalized objects are represented as rules. Rules provide simple elementary maneuvers, and are applied when the upper level situation is easily recognized. Otherwise the situations are handled by the lower level search. Example runs of the vehicle are simulated to demonstrate the complexity of behavior. The algorithm has also been tested on a gas powered dune buggy developed at Drexel University.
Isolation, identification and some cultural conditions of Streptomyces species that produce water-insoluble polyglucan hydrolase. (1975)

Cariogenic streptococci produce tenacious water-insoluble polysaccharides from sucrose and these form the structural intercellular matrix of dental plaque. Two Streptomyces species were isolated from soils on agar medium containing the water-insoluble polyglucan as a sole carbon source. They were identified as Streptomyces werraensis (strain F1) and Streptomyces chartreusis (strain F2). These strains produced extracellular enzymes which strongly solubilized the polyglucans from various strains of cariogenic streptococci. Strain F2 produced polyglucanases under rather stationary cultural condition, while F1 required vigorous aeration. The polyglucanases may provide a useful measure for the prevention and control of dental plaque formation,
Photochemical Reactions of Mesityl Azide with Tetracyanoethylene:  Competitive Trapping of Singlet Nitrene and Didehydroazepine (1997)

Irradiation of the title azide 4 in the presence of TCNE gives a mixture of two stable adducts. One of them is identified as the azomethine ylide 5, the structure of which is strictly determined by X-ray crystallography. The other is spectroscopically assigned to the spiroazepine 6. The effect of wavelength of the light employed in the photolysis reveals that the TCNE-4 charge-transfer complex (lambda(max) 454 and 550 nm in dichloromethane) does not participate in the adduct formation. The ratio of the adducts obtained in the photolysis is dependent linearly upon the initial concentration of TCNE, which strongly suggests that the adducts 5 and 6 are produced by competitive trapping of singlet mesitylnitrene (8S) and trimethyldidehydroazepine (9), respectively. The rate constant for the reaction of 8S with TCNE is estimated to be on the order of 10(9) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) or greater. The PM3 calculation indicates that the azomethine ylide 5 is thermodynamically more stable than the aziridine 7, which is thought to be initially formed by the reaction of 8S with TCNE. Thus, we propose that these findings make the first example of competitive trapping of singlet arylnitrene and its ring-expanded isomer with an alkene, which definitely reveals the intervention of singlet nitrene in the photolysis of an aryl azide.
Blood Collection in Strong Acidic Citrate Anticoagulant Used in a Study of Dietary Influence on Basal tPA Activity (1989)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity in blood and blood plasma has been difficult to determine because it is unstable, especially in subjects with high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). We have attempted to stabilize the tPA activity by collecting 9 volumes of blood in 1 volume acidic citrate buffer which immediately lowers the pH of the blood. At final blood pH of 4.9 to 6.3, consistent and high tPA activity levels were found. One acidic citrate buffer composition, 0.5 mol/l citrate buffer pH 4.0, resulted in final blood pH 5.5, tPA half-life of 10 days and an acceptably low degree of haemolysis. This anticoagulant composition was selected for more extensive evaluation and was used to collect blood plasma samples from 29 volunteers in the morning after a 10-minute bed rest. Basal tPA activity, mean and SD, was 0.47 +/- 0.21 IU/ml. After donating of the first blood sample, 10 of the volunteers entered into a 24-hour fast after which they donated a second sample. During the fast, the basal tPA activity increased from 0.34 +/- 0.21 to 0.47 +/- 0.23 IU/ml (p = 0.05) and the PAI-1 activity decreased from 11.4 +/- 11.6 to 6.3 +/- 8.9 U/ml (p = 0.04).
Änderungen der Glucosespiegel im Kammerwasser und in der Cornea nach Verödung des Ciliarkörpers (1972)

Nach Verödung des Ciliarkörpers durch Kauterisation und Vereisung trat im Kammerwasser und im Hornhautstroma ein starker Abfall der Glucosespiegel ein, die je nach dem Ausmaß der Verödung eine mehr oder minder starke Trübung der Hornhaut mit randständiger Gefäßeinsprossung zur Folge hatten. Die verödeten Ciliarkörper wurden histologisch untersucht.
Abstract LB-056: Discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of the DCN1-Ubc12 interaction by high throughput screening technology (2016)

Abstract Ubiquitination of protein is well known mechanism for the regulation of cellular proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in regulating cellular protein degradation and turnover. Dysregulation of the UPS has been associated with a wide variety of diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral and bacterial infections. Recently, there are emerging evidences show that targeting this UPS by small molecule modulator is a useful anticancer strategy based on the previous successes of proteasome inhibitors, E3 inhibitors and the NEDD8 E1 inhibitor. In particular, we are targeting NEDD8 ligation to cullins via inhibition of DCN1 as a small molecule target. DCN1 was known to interacts with cullins and is required for neddylation in vivo. Furthermore, dysregulation of DCN1 is associated with a number of human cancers. DCN1 activity is controlled by its interaction with UBC12. Therefore, we have developed biochemical assay utilizing TR-FRET technology for the purpose of high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify the small molecule inhibitors that disrupt the DCN1-UBC12 protein-protein interaction and use them to elucidate the biological effects of DCN1 mediated UPS regulation. Herein, we report our progress including design, procedure and result of HTS with post-screen analysis to discover small molecule inhibitors of the DCN1 from our in-house library compounds (∼600K). Following hit identification and validation, we identified three novel scaffolds as novel DCN1 inhibitors by biochemical, biophysical, and crystallographic studies to follow for further hit optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to report small molecule DCN1 inhibitors. Citation Format: Jaeki Min, Daniel C. Scott, Sergio C. Chai, Asli N. Goktug, Jared T. Hammill, Guochang Huang, Michele C. Connelly, Amy Matheny, Anang Shelat, Bhuvanesh Singh, Taosheng Chen, Brenda A. Schulman, R. Kiplin Guy. Discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of the DCN1-Ubc12 interaction by high throughput screening technology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-056.
Data from Elucidation of Acquired Resistance to Bcl-2 and MDM2 Inhibitors in Acute Leukemia <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Two clinical-stage anticancer drugs, the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263, and the MDM2 inhibitor SAR405838 achieve complete tumor regression in animal models of leukemia but also induce acquired resistance. Elucidation of acquired resistance mechanisms and development of strategies to overcome the resistance are critical for their successful clinical development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We employed RS4;11 and MV4;11 cell lines, two acute leukemia models, to investigate acquired resistance mechanisms for both drugs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and evaluated several treatment regimens in xenograft mouse models to improve long-term, complete tumor regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Resistance to either SAR405838 or ABT-263 (or its analogue ABT-737) develops in acute leukemia models &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. RS4;11 and MV4;11 tumors treated with SAR405838 acquire resistance to the drug by mutation of the &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; gene or compromise of p53 protein function. RS4;11 tumors treated with either ABT-263 or ABT-737 acquire resistance primarily through downregulation of BAX but not BAK. When acute leukemia cells become highly resistant to the MDM2 inhibitor, they retain their sensitivity to the Bcl-2 inhibitors, or &lt;i&gt;vice versa&lt;/i&gt;. Certain sequential or combination treatment of SAR405838 and ABT-263 can achieve longer-term tumor regression than treatment with either agent alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of acquired resistance of Bcl-2 and MDM2 inhibitors in acute leukemia models and suggests that certain sequential or combination treatment of these two distinct classes of apoptosis-inducing agents should be tested as new treatment strategies for acute leukemia in the clinic. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2558–68. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
System level evaluation of cooperative MIMO-OFDMA-based heterogeneous networks (2013)

Coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP) is considered for a heterogeneous network where different kinds of base stations (BSs) are located. We present a system level simulator for investigating the gains that can be achieved from the use of cooperative transmission (CoMP) in an urban heterogeneous cellular environment. It is shown that the spectral efficiency of the users located within a macro-cellular environment may significantly increase by employing low-power nodes (femtocells). On the other hand, the spectral efficiency of cell-edge users is decreased due to the additional inter-cell interference introduced by the use of such femtocells. Furthermore, it is shown that significant gain can be achieved by the cooperation of the BSs. From a users point of view, the inter-cell interference is reduced, and thus, the spectral efficiency per user can be significantly enhanced.
Macrophage-Derived Dendritic Cells Have Strong Th1-Polarizing Potential Mediated by β-Chemokines Rather Than IL-12 (2000)

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) activate naive T lymphocytes to induce adaptive immunity, effecting Th1 polarization through IL-12. However, little is known about other potential DC Th1 polarizing mechanisms, or how T cell polarization may be affected by DCs differentiating in, or exposed to, a proinflammatory environment. Macrophages (MPhis) are DC precursors abundant in inflamed tissues, lymph nodes, and tumors. Thus we studied the T cell-activating and -polarizing properties of MPhi-derived DCs (PhiDCs). Monocytes were cultured in MPhi-CSF (M-CSF) to produce MPhis, which were then differentiated into DCs following culture with GM-CSF plus IL-4. PhiDCs activated a significant allogeneic MLR and were significantly better than MDDCs in activating T cells with superantigen. Most strikingly, PhiDCs elicited up to 9-fold more IFN-gamma from naive or Ag-specific T cells compared with MDDCs (with equivalent IL-4 secretion), despite producing up to 9-fold less IL-12. Neutralization of MDDC, but not PhiDC IL-12 significantly inhibited T cell IFN-gamma induction. PhiDCs produced up to 12-fold more beta-chemokines (macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha, -1beta, and RANTES) than MDDCs. Ab blockade of CCR5, but not CXC chemokine receptor 4, inhibited T cell IFN-gamma induction by PhiDCs significantly greater than by MDDCs. Thus DCs differentiating from MPhis induce T cell IFN-gamma through beta-chemokines with little or no requirement for IL-12. Myeloid DCs arising from distinct precursor cells may have differing properties, including different mechanisms of Th1 polarization. These data are the first reports of IFN-gamma induction through chemokines by DCs.
Sand Fines Erosion and Asset Integrity Management of Deepwater Gas Facilities: Effect of Liquid Loading (2016)

Abstract In spite of the sand control/management techniques implemented down-hole, fine sand (&amp;lt; 50-75 microns) often may find its way into the piping components of onshore, offshore, and subsea facilities causing erosion/wear and subsequent pipeline integrity issues. Existing erosion models (both CFD-based and correlations) widely used in the industry have been reasonably benchmarked with erosion due to sand particles that are greater than 100-150 microns and the predictions are within ±100% of observations even in single-phase carrier (liquid or gas) flows. Although there is only a limited set of the fines erosion data (both lab and field), there is a considerable mismatch between the data and what the models predict even when the fines (&amp;lt; 50 microns) are carried in single-phase (let alone multiphase) fluid flow. Also, current industry practice is to assume that the low liquid content of gas stream reduces fines erosion by forming a protective film on the pipe wall although there is no clear understanding on what fraction of the liquid content (a) gets atomized into droplets (that may or may not wet the fine particles) in the gas stream and (b) wets the pipe wall. Even the development and validation efforts of the correlations for fine particle-pipe wall interaction leading to a single erosion event (let alone CFD-based erosion simulation) are still at their infancy. Several renowned erosion research groups around the world have been working on addressing the afore-said gaps. New fines erosion experiments were conducted in a 4" flow facility that consists of several piping components (orifice plates, elbows, and tees) that were connected in series and pipe wall thickness loss due to erosion was measured using a standard ultrasonic method. This paper elucidates the effect of (a) interaction of piping components connected in series (in-plane and out-of-plane) and (b) effect of low liquid loading in gas on fines erosion, scaleup to field conditions, and provides some directions for future efforts needed on this topic that are critical to the safe and efficient operation of oil-gas producing/processing facilities.
Wearable Tactile Sensor Brace for Motion Intent Recognition in Upper-Limb Rehabilitation (2018)

Motion intent recognition is an important part of autonomous rehabilitative and assistive devices. The focus of this paper is on upper limb motion intent detection for use in wearable rehabilitative devices. Our aim is to capture the tactile cues that arise during weak muscle contractions. We introduce the tactile arm brace (TAB) and analyse the various patterns recorded. Depending on the arm muscles that contract to perform a particular hand motion, different parts of the TAB will experience variations in the interaction forces. A study involving 12 healthy subjects was conducted using the TAB and a bespoke gripping device, designed and built to measure gripping forces. Tactile signatures on the brace change when the fingers extend or grip; this validates our hypothesis based on the forearm muscle physiology. Gripping models were generated to relate low-strength gripping, between 0kg and 2kg, and TAB force readings. The best recorded sensitivity (ratio between the gripper force and the FSR), found in the proximity of the posterior radial forearm, was 0.052. Using all TAB sensors, the K-fold cross validation method produced an RMSE of 5.48N.
Head-specific gene expression in Hydra : Complexity of DNA– protein interactions at the promoter of ks1 is inversely correlated to the head activation potential (1999)

To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that direct position-dependent gene expression in the simple and evolutionarily old metazoan Hydra, we have examined DNA-protein interactions in the 1.5-kb cis regulatory region of the head-specific gene ks1. In vitro footprinting and gel-retardation techniques have been used to map the location of all protein-binding sites. To our surprise, we found substantially more proteins binding to ks1 promoter elements in nuclear extract from basal (gastric) than from apical (head- and tentacle-formation zone) cells. One of these proteins is the homeobox protein Cnox-2. In the head regeneration-deficient mutant reg-16, an increased level of nuclear protein binds to ks1 promoter elements. Treatment of polyps with the ks1-inducing phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) resulted in reduced binding of nuclear proteins to the ks1 cis regulatory region. As activation of ks1 transcription is correlated with the absence of nuclear proteins binding to the ks1 promoter, we propose that the majority of these proteins act as transcriptional repressors. In this view, the gradient of head activation along the Hydra body axis is caused by a decreasing amount of inhibitory factors, rather than an increasing amount of activators, toward the head. Thus, inhibitory mechanisms might have played a crucial role in regulating position-dependent gene activation during early metazoan evolution.
Formation and Growth of Diamond. For Understanding and Better Control of The Process. (1998)

Behaviors of the diamond formation reactions from graphite carbon source under the excess pressure in a molten metallic solution of carbon is characterized by the appearance of the regrown graphite, and can be optionally controlled by relative thermodynamical stabilities of the source, the regrown graphite and diamond to be formed, which are adjusted by the reaction pressure and its sequential change. Detailed understanding of the growth process in the temperature gradient method leads to an improved geometry of the growth space for an efficient growth. Problem of the growth surface is also discussed from the view points of "sound" growth without entrapping the solvent and incorporation of the solvent-composing elements as impurities dissolved in diamond.
Guest editors' introduction: the new world of large embedded memories (2001)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Stan Johnson: A Giant Among Mentors (2006)

VER THE YEARS I HAVE LEARNED THAT WHENEVER I wanted wise professional advice and council, I always turned to Stan Johnson. For me and my colleagues, his arrival early in his professional career at the University of California, Davis, was like a breath of fresh air. He brought with him a fundamental understanding of economic theory and econometrics and an appreciation of all of those contributions that had preceded him. This included the fine work of Goldberger, Wald, Luce and Raffa, von Neuman and Morgenstern, Bayes, Zellner, Judge, Samuelson, and Dorfman, among others. In fact, my most delightful year of research discovery took place while collaborating on a daily basis with Stan Johnson in 1970. Later, during my first tour as chairman of my department at UC-Berkeley, I convinced Stan to visit for a year to help transform the culture of mentoring Ph.D. students. He was immensely helpful. Along with the two visiting appointments at Davis and Berkeley, Stan has held various academic positions at different universities, both as a permanent and as a visiting faculty member. Tables 1 and 2 describe these positions. Stan Johnson had accepted a Visiting Associate Professorship appointment at the University of California, Davis, for the academic year 1969–70. I was a graduate student who had just completed two years of coursework and had been hired to become a member of the faculty responsible largely for econometrics and statistics, two of Stan’s primary research interests. At the time, the department had a coffee room that was reserved for the faculty; both undergraduate and graduate students were forbidden access. I had not been informed that a visiting faculty member would soon be arriving. Unfortunately, I was brash, and as Stan would describe me “a self-important
Study on the adsorption of CrO_4~(2-) on Fe/Al modified bentonites (2007)

Clay fraction less than 2μm in diameter was separated from a bentonite collected from Nanjing suburb by decantation and then Fe/Al modified bentonites were prepared from bentonite colloid after it was saturated with Na+ in this study. Adsorption of CrO42-by Fe/Al modified bentonites was investigated with a batch method. The results of our study have shown that a noticeable increase in CrO42-adsorption by Fe modified bentonite than the one modified by Al. When the equilibrium adsorption concentration was 0.5 mmol·L-1, the amount of CrO42-adsorbed by Mt-1(Fe), Mt-2(Fe) and Mt-3(Al) was 271.0 mmol·kg-1, 114.0 mmol·kg-1 and 16.1 mmol·kg-1, respectively. Since the amount of CrO42-adsorbed by Fe/Al modified bentonites increases with the increase in the ion strength and decreases with the increase of pH, the adsorption of CrO42-may involve specific and electrostatic interaction of CrO42-with the modified bentonites. The specific adsorption can be thought of as the main mechanism for CrO42-under the experimental conditions in this study. The contribution of electrostatic adsorption proves less than 30% of the total adsorption of CrO_4~(2-). Thus, the results obtained are expected to provide a useful reference to developing new doses for waste water treatment.
The use of imaging technology in the assessment of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome—imaging of the fetal thymus (2015)

The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) describes a state of extensive fetal multi organ involvement during chorioamnionitis, and is associated with grave implications on perinatal outcome. The syndrome has been linked to the preterm parturition syndrome and is associated with inflammation/infection processes in most of the fetal organs. The fetal thymus, a major organ in the developing immune system involutes during severe neonatal disease and has been shown to be smaller in fetuses with FIRS. Various methods for imaging of the fetal thymus and measurement are described. Currently the only method to diagnose FIRS prenatally is through amniocentesis. We suggest that women who are admitted with preterm labor with intact membranes and those with PPROM should have a detailed sonographic examination of the fetal thymus as a surrogate marker of fetal involvement in intrauterine infection/inflammation processes.
Inhibition of Lysozyme Activity by Acidic Polymers (1991)

Journal Article Inhibition of Lysozyme Activity by Acidic Polymers Get access San-Lang Wang, San-Lang Wang Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sawao Murao, Sawao Murao Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Motoo Arai Motoo Arai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Pages 1401–1402, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870765 Published: 01 May 1991 Article history Received: 07 September 1990 Published: 01 May 1991