gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Internet of Things (2008)

Ubiquitous and pervasive technologies such as RFID and smart computing promise a world of networked and interconnected devices. Everything from tires to toothbrushes could soon be in communications range, heralding the dawn of an era in which todays Internet of People gives way to tomorrows Internet of Things where billions of objects will have the ability to report their location, identity, and history over wireless connections. Connectivity and Communication Anything, Anywhere, and Anytime An examination of the exciting expansion period in this research, The Internet of Things: From RFID to the Next-Generation Pervasive Networked Systems provides comprehensive, technical, and practical deploying policy guidance that covers fundamentals and recent advances in pervasive networked systems. The book addresses the conceptual and technical issues that influence the technology roadmap and gives an in-depth introduction to the Internet of Things and its effect on businesses and individuals. Discussing case studies, experience reports, and best practice, it contains information on emerging technologies, market opportunities, and policy implications. Practical Guidance and Balanced Coverage The first book of its kind to address major new technological developments and define the Internet of Things, this text provides balanced coverage of theory and practical issues. Reflecting research trends and industry needs, itis a comprehensive technical and practical guide to recent advances in pervasive networked systems.
Emulating static faults using a Xilinx based emulator (2002)

Fault emulation is a logical extension of current trend of using multiple FPGAs for ASIC emulation. This paper presents the basic infrastructure needed for such an emulator, and discusses the advantages of using a fault emulator as compared to a fault simulator.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Bi3.25Pr0.75Ti2.97V0.03O12 Ferroelectric Ceramics (2007)

Praseodymium and vanadium cosubstituted Bi4Ti3O12 was synthesized using a modified citrate-gel method. The crystallization was promoted by the oxidation of residual carbon produced by decomposition of −CHx groups resulting in a crystallization temperature as low as 450 °C. The as-synthesized powder consisted of uniform spherical particles with a mean size of 57 nm and a standard deviation of 14 nm. The ceramic prepared from the as-synthesized powder at 900 °C consisted mainly of randomly arranged platelets with a thickness of 200 nm. The Rietveld refinement in the orthorhombic space group Aba2 for the as-prepared Pr3+ and V5+ cosubstituted Bi4Ti3O12 resulted in a convergent refinement (Rwp = 5.01%). The remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (2Ec) values measured at room temperature with a maximum electric field of ±300 kV/cm were 35 μC/cm2 and 148 kV/cm, respectively. The ceramic has a very low ohmic conductivity, and the leakage current density is below 1 μA/cm2 up to 200 kV/cm. No profound fatigue was observed after switching over 108 cycles. The evolution of 2Ec, 2Pr, Pmax (maximum polarization), and Pmax/Pr with Emax (maximum electric field) is discussed using an ideal and a four components ferroelectric capacitor model. The observed linear relationship between Pmax/Pr and Emax provides the possibility to calculate the field independent dielectric constant (282) and nonremanent polarization (2.7 μC/cm2 at Emax = 300 kV/cm) for the ceramic studied.
Recent developments in the production and applications of bacterial cellulose fibers and nanocrystals (2016)

Cellulosic nanomaterials provide a novel and sustainable platform for the production of high performance materials enabled by nanotechnology. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly crystalline material and contains pure cellulose without lignin and hemicellulose. BC offers an opportunity to provide control of the products' properties in-situ, via specific BC production methods and culture conditions. The BC potential in advanced material applications are hindered by a limited knowledge of optimal BC production conditions, efficient process scale-up, separation methods, and purification methods. There is a growing body of work on the production of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNs) from BC fibers. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of BC fibers' characteristics on the production of nanocrystals. This review describes developments in BC and BCNs production methods and factors affecting their yield and physical characteristics.
Influence of the variation of its geometry on the disk failure (2004)

The speed competition of optical disk drive has been accelerated with the fast advancement of its storage density and data transmission technology. The continuous increase of the spinning speed of CD meets the unexpected and catastrophic failure of disk during the operation. The effect of its thickness and outer radius of disk were investigated to reduce stresses and J-integral around the crack tip. The effect of its thickness was considered ahead of the crack tip. In the effect of outer radius of disk, linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to obtain the critical crack length, which indicates the onset length for unstable crack growth. This approach is so significant as to detect the growing crack by disk drive before the catastrophic failure, which will provide the standard size of its safety for high-speed disk drive.
The Incidence and Etiology of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Supported by the HeartMate II Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device (2011)

Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a frequent adverse event reported with continuous flow mechanical support devices which may be explained by acquired von Willebrand disease and antithrombotic therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and etiology of GI bleeding among patients supported by a HeartMate II (HM II) LVAD. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all HM II patients implanted from 2003 to 2011 at a single large medical center. Gastroenterology work-up included gastroscopy, colonoscopy, capsule studies, and small bowel enteroscopy and bleeding scan if indicated. GI bleeding was defined as occult or obvious blood in the stool with a concomitant drop in hemoglobin. Results: 142 patients aged 56.7±14.9 years were implanted with a HM II. 77% of patients were male and the etiology was ischemic cardiomyopathy in 44%. 74% of LVADs were placed as a bridge to transplant. The rate of GI bleeding events was 0.36 events/year. Events occurred in 28 patients with a total of 51 events. The indications for GI work-up were melena (46% of patients), hematochezia (14%), heme-positive stool (14%) and iron deficiency anemia (25%). Full GI work-up (gastroscopy, colonoscopy and capsule study) was performed in 7 patients; 12 patients had gastroscopy and colonoscopy only; and 7 underwent only gastroscopy. The source of bleeding was identified in 72% of patients. Duodenal ulcer was the most prevalent identified source and occurred in 17% of patients. Only 5 patients had therapeutic interventions performed during endoscopy (2 endoclips, 2 Argon plasma coagulation, and 1 epinephrine injection). 40% of patients were tested and were negative for H. pylori. Gastric biopsy was performed in 7 patients of which 6 had reactive features include mucous depletion, foveolar hyperplasia, fibromuscular hyperplasia of the stroma, and dilated or congested capillaries. Conclusion: A high incidence of GI bleeding was found among patients supported with a continuous flow device, with gastric ulcers as the most prevalent etiology. Evaluation for H. pylori infection and proton pump inhibitor use should be studied in continuous flow LVAD patients.Figure: Endoscopic findings in patients who presented with GIB.
Blunted natriuretic response to an acute sodium load in obese hypertensive dogs. (1992)

Several studies support the premise that there is a strong relation between obesity and high blood pressure. Although the mechanism for obesity-related hypertension has not yet been fully elucidated, recent studies have suggested that abnormalities in renal sodium handling may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of an acute saline load on renal excretory function in dogs with obesity-induced hypertension and in normotensive lean dogs. Experiments were performed in two groups of conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. One group of dogs (obese) was fed a high-fat diet for 5-6 weeks, and the other group (lean) ate a normal diet. The body weight of the obese dog group (26.3 +/- 0.7 kg) was 45% higher than the lean dog group (18.1 +/- 0.3 kg). Mean arterial pressure averaged 126 +/- 2 mm Hg in the obese dogs and 100 +/- 1 mm Hg in the lean dogs. The lean dogs had an average heart rate of 104 +/- 7 beats per minute, whereas the obese dogs averaged 134 +/- 8 beats per minute. Plasma renin activity was also significantly higher in the obese dogs. Both groups of dogs were given 135 meq sodium chloride over 60 minutes via an intravenous infusion of isotonic saline. Sodium and water excretion increased significantly in response to the acute saline load. However, the natriuresis and diuresis was markedly attenuated in the obese hypertensive dogs. During the first 40 minutes of saline loading, the increase in sodium and water excretion was 50-70% lower in the obese hypertensive dogs. The results of the present study indicate that obese hypertensive dogs have a reduced capability to excrete an acute sodium load. This abnormality in renal sodium handling may play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension.
Tomografía de coherencia óptica en esclerosis múltiple (2012)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows the different layers of the retina to be visualised in vivo. One of them is the so-called retinal nervous fibre layer (RNFL), which is made up of amyelinic axons from the ganglionic cells, and therefore part of the central nervous system. Recent studies have begun to examine possible applications of OCT in the field of neurology and, more specifically, the usefulness of measuring the thickness of the RNFL in multiple sclerosis (MS). In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies it has been shown that a decrease in the RNFL is produced in eyes that are affected and unaffected by optic neuritis in MS patients, compared with controls. Several studies have found evidence of an inverse relation between the thickness of the nerve fibre layer and the neurological disability or cerebral atrophy parameters in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in these same patients. The correlations are, however, weak and sometimes contradictory. Although there are still many doubts that need settling, the role OCT may play in gaining a better understanding of the disease and its follow-up and monitoring seems promising. A review of the different studies published on the thickness of the RNFL in patients with MS will also be conducted.
A proposal for flexible, real-time and consistent multicast in FTT/HaRTES Switched Ethernet (2013)

Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switching (HaRTES) is an implementation of the Flexible Time Triggered (FTT) communication paradigm over Switched Ethernet, which intends to provide hard real-time communication in a flexible manner. This paper presents a first proposal for enhancing HaRTES with a service of total order multicast for synchronous messages. This service uses the centralized online scheduling service of FTT in order to reduce complexity and bandwidth utilization.
Operationally Stable Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes with High Radiance (2021)

Abstract Although perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown fast advances in external quantum efficiency (EQE), their operational stability is still low compared to other LED devices. Here, stable PeLEDs are demonstrated with high radiance primarily by using 6,6′‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and magnesium‐doped Zinc oxide (ZnMgO) injection layers to reduce the driving voltage. Through different characterizations, it is revealed that the use of PCBM/ZnMgO electron injection layer can effectively mitigate Joule heating, block the migration of Al electrode towards perovskite layer as well as avoid the breakdown of main perovskite crystal structure under prolonged operation. Combining the PCBM/ZnMgO electron injection layer with a formamidinium‐based perovskite light emitter, the optimal device shows an EQE of 11.4% at 330 mA cm −2 and a radiance of 399 W Sr −1 m −2 at 3.1 V. The device remains above 50% of the maximum performance after operating for 525 and 118 h at constant current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm −2 , respectively. Thus, this work presents a substantial improvement in the stability of PeLEDs and the methods to consolidate this progress even further.
First-principles study of graphene edge properties and flake shapes (2010)

We perform density-functional-theory calculations to determine the equilibrium shape of graphene flakes as a function of temperature and hydrogen partial pressure. To do this, we first determine the edge orientation dependence of the edge energy and edge stress of graphene nanoribbons. The edge energy is a monotonically increasing function of edge angle; increasing from the armchair orientation to the zigzag orientation. However, reconstruction of the zigzag edge lowers its energy to less than that of the armchair edge in the absence of the hydrogen. The edge stress for all edge orientations is compressive, however, reconstruction of the zigzag edge reduces this edge stress to near zero. Hydrogen adsorption is favorable for all edge orientations at sufficiently high hydrogen partial pressure; dramatically lowering all edge energies and all edge stresses. It also lifts the reconstruction of the zigzag edge. Using these edge energy data within a grand canonical ensemble approach, we determine the equilibrium shape of a graphene flake to be hexagonal with armchair oriented edges at both very small and very large chemical potentials of hydrogen. In the former case, the edges are hydrogen free while in the latter they are hydrogen terminated. At intermediate chemical potentials of hydrogen, graphene flakes show a more complex series of shapes, from zigzag edge terminated (near) hexagons, to dodecagons, to shapes with rounded edges. Zigzag edge reconstruction produces graphene flakes with a sixfold symmetry but with rounded edges. This shape is dominated by near zigzag edges. The compressive edge stresses will lead to edge buckling (out-of-the-plane of the graphene sheet) for all edge orientations, in the absence of hydrogen. Exposing the graphene flake to hydrogen dramatically decreases the magnitude of the compressive edge stresses and reduces the buckling amplitude.
Medical records to be placed online by some HMOs. (2004)

In recent years, health care policy experts have been urging medical institutions to convert their paper records to electronic form as an important step to avoid medication errors and other mistakes caused by incomplete patient information. Electronic systems also facilitate evaluation of individual physicians and the effectiveness of new treatments. Given the technology's enormous cost, coupled with the difficulty of persuading busy physicians to change the way they practice, as well as the privacy concerns, adoption has been slowed.
Incentive Mechanisms for Time Window Dependent Tasks in Mobile Crowdsensing (2015)

Mobile crowdsensing can enable numerous attractive novel sensing applications due to the prominent advantages such as wide spatiotemporal coverage, low cost, good scalability, pervasive application scenarios, etc. In mobile crowdsensing applications, incentive mechanisms are necessary to stimulate more potential smartphone users and to achieve good service quality. In this paper, we focus on exploring truthful incentive mechanisms for a novel and practical scenario where the tasks are time window dependent, and the platform has strong requirement of data integrity. We present a universal system model for this scenario based on reverse auction framework and formulate the problem as the Social Optimization User Selection (SOUS) problem. We design two incentive mechanisms, MST and MMT. In single time window case, we design an optimal algorithm based on dynamic programming to select users. Then we determine the payment for each user by VCG auction; while in multiple time window case, we show the general SOUS problem is NP-hard, and we design MMT based on greedy approach, which approximates the optimal solution within a factor of In|W| + 1, where |W| is the length of sensing time window defined by the platform. Through both rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms achieve high computation efficiency, individual rationality and truthfulness.
Preparation of Ultrathin Layers of Polythiophene Covalently Bonded to Silicon (1999)

Adhesive polythiophene films were formed in a new two‐step procedure using 11‐(3‐thienyl)undecyltrichlorosilane as a surface coupling agent and a chemical polymerization for reinforcing the film. Coating experiments were carried out on several substrates which are interesting for many kinds of applications. Adherent junctions were available, for instance, on etched silicon and , , polished aluminum, and quartz substrates for piezoelectric elements. Polymer films on silicon surfaces were characterized by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman microscopy. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Novel synergistic antibiofilm combinations for salvage of infected catheters (2009)

Biofilms on catheters are responsible for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), which cause significant mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobial catheter-lock solutions may salvage precious catheters by eradicating biofilms. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans are frequently isolated organisms in CRBSIs. We evaluated N-acetylcysteine (NAC), EDTA, ethanol and talactoferrin (TLF) individually and in combination with antibiotics against biofilms of S. epidermidis and C. albicans to identify effective catheter-lock solutions. Minimum biofilm-eradication concentrations causing 50% inhibition (MBEC(50)) for EDTA, NAC, ethanol and TLF were determined against biofilms of S. epidermidis and C. albicans formed on 96-well microtitre plates. Biomass, mean thickness and viability of S. epidermidis and C. albicans biofilms were evaluated after exposure to MBEC(50) concentrations of EDTA, NAC, ethanol and TLF. Antimicrobial combinations of EDTA, NAC, ethanol and TLF with nafcillin, vancomycin, fluconazole and amphotericin B were evaluated systematically for synergy using combination indices (CIs). EDTA, NAC, ethanol and TLF significantly reduced biofilm biomass and mean thickness (P<0.05, one-way ANOVA) of monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms as evaluated by confocal microscopy. CIs evaluated at equipotency ratios, and 50, 75 and 90 % effects, showed that EDTA, NAC, ethanol and TLF were synergistic (CI <1) with antibiotics (with few exceptions) against biofilms of S. epidermidis and C. albicans. EDTA, NAC, ethanol and TLF inhibit monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms of neonatal strains of S. epidermidis and C. albicans, and are synergistic with antibiotics. Catheter-lock solutions of EDTA, NAC and ethanol alone or in combination with antibiotics may be used to salvage infected catheters, which will directly impact on patient morbidity and health-care costs.
LPP light source for actinic HVM inspection applications (2015)

EUV sources with high brightness and stability are required for actinic photomask inspection. High availability and cleanliness after IF are additional stringent requirements. EUV lithography is only production ready, if these tools are available with HVM specifications. At the Laboratory for Energy Conversion, ETH Zurich, droplet-based EUV LPP sources have been designed, developed and tested at the system level for the last 8 years and has been commercialized by Adlyte AG. The most advanced facility, namely ALPS II, has been operated as a prototype source for hundreds of hours. In the present work, the EUV plasma is imaged with the help of a pinhole camera. The dimension of the plasma in the direction of the laser axis and the direction of the train equal 60 μm and 70 μm, respectively. The plasma is also imaged using an ICCD with an exposure time of 5 ns. The observed droplet plasma has a characteristic kidney shape. The ICCD is a valuable diagnostic as inspection tools require high pulse-to-pulse reproducibility that cannot be assessed to the full extend using a EUV pinhole camera. Various collector configurations, using either NI or GI, have been integrated into the source. The measurements of the emission characteristics at IF for a GI collector configuration reveal a Gaussian spot shape at IF and a pulse-to-pulse stability of 6.8 % (σ), which matches previous stabilities at the source level. The debris mitigation system employs a three layer strategy between the plasma and IF. Introducing a high momentum flow as a first layer of debris mitigation, the load of tin spots on the collector could be reduced by a factor of 9, hence a significant increase of source life-time is obtained. A quantification by Adlyte of IF cleanliness after 24 hours source operation revealed no relevant contamination with respect to the requirements for Blank Inspection Cleanliness after IF.
How Much More Data Do I Need? Estimating Requirements for Downstream Tasks (2022)

Given a small training data set and a learning algorithm, how much more data is necessary to reach a target validation or test performance? This question is of critical importance in applications such as autonomous driving or medical imaging where collecting data is expensive and time-consuming. Overestimating or underestimating data requirements incurs substantial costs that could be avoided with an adequate budget. Prior work on neural scaling laws suggest that the power-law function can fit the validation performance curve and extrapolate it to larger data set sizes. We find that this does not immediately translate to the more difficult downstream task of estimating the required data set size to meet a target performance. In this work, we consider a broad class of computer vision tasks and systematically investigate a family of functions that generalize the power-law function to allow for better estimation of data requirements. Finally, we show that incorporating a tuned correction factor and collecting over multiple rounds significantly improves the performance of the data estimators. Using our guidelines, practitioners can accurately estimate data requirements of machine learning systems to gain savings in both development time and data acquisition costs.
An integrated 20 GHz SiGe bipolar differential oscillator with high tuning range (2002)

A fully integrated, differential LC oscillator manufactured in Infineon's B7HF SiGe bipolar technology with an f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ of 75 GHz is presented. The oscillator features a tank consisting of on-chip stripline inductors and the parasitic capacitances of the oscillator transistors. A tuning range of 14-21.5 GHz over bias current is achieved. The output buffer is inductively coupled to the tank. Total current consumption including the buffer is 13 mA from a 3 V supply at the maximum oscillation frequency of 21.5 GHz. The measured phase-noise at 1 MHz offset is -85 dBc/Hz at a core bias current of 7 mA.