gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrahepatic cavocavostomy: Expanding the armamentarium for the liver transplant surgeon (2009)

Fatty liver is a significant risk factor for liver transplantation, and accounts for nearly half of the livers rejected from the donor pool. We hypothesized that metabolic preconditioning via ex vivo perfusion of the liver graft can reduce fat content and increase post-transplant survival to an acceptable range. We describe a perfusate medium containing agents that promote the defatting of hepatocytes and explanted livers. Defatting agents were screened on cultured hepatocytes made fatty by pre-incubation with fatty acids. The most effective agents were then used on fatty livers. Fatty livers were isolated from obese Zucker rats and normothermically perfused with medium containing a combination of defatting agents. This combination decreased the intracellular lipid content of cultured hepatocytes by 35% over 24h, and of perfused livers by 50% over 3h. Metabolite analysis suggests that the defatting cocktail upregulated both lipid oxidation and export. Furthermore, gene expression analysis for several enzymes and transcription factors involved in fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride clearance were elevated. We conclude that a cocktail of defatting agents can be used to rapidly clear excess lipid storage in fatty livers, thus providing a new means to recondition donor livers deemed unacceptable or marginally acceptable for transplantation.
8×25 Gbps Transmitter based on Monolithically InP Integrated Directly Modulated Tunable DFB Lasers (2017)

A fully packaged monolithically InP Integrated array of directly modulated DFB lasers individually tunable is presented. BER measurements have validated this simple array architecture for short range transmission up to 8×25 Gbps.
Oscillating Gene Expression Determines Competence for Periodic Arabidopsis Root Branching (2010)

Plants and animals produce modular developmental units in a periodic fashion. In plants, lateral roots form as repeating units along the root primary axis; however, the developmental mechanism regulating this process is unknown. We found that cyclic expression pulses of a reporter gene mark the position of future lateral roots by establishing prebranch sites and that prebranch site production and root bending are periodic. Microarray and promoter-luciferase studies revealed two sets of genes oscillating in opposite phases at the root tip. Genetic studies show that some oscillating transcriptional regulators are required for periodicity in one or both developmental processes. This molecular mechanism has characteristics that resemble molecular clock-driven activities in animal species.
Distributed robust output consensus for linear multi‐agent systems with input time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties (2018)

This study addresses the leader‐tracking problem for linear multi‐agent systems in the presence of both parameter model uncertainties and time‐varying communication delays. To solve the robust output consensus problem, a delayed distributed proportional–integral–derivative control is proposed and the overall closed‐loop stability is proven by exploiting the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory. Delay‐dependent robust stability conditions are given via linear matrix inequalities which allow the proper tuning of robust control gains. The effectiveness of the theoretical derivation is confirmed through a numerical analysis in the practical application domain of cooperative driving for connected vehicles.
Subjective assessment of high-level image compression of digitized mammograms (2004)

This study was designed to evaluate radiologists’ ability to identify highly-compressed, digitized mammographic images displayed on high-resolution, monitors. Mammography films were digitized at 50 micron pixel dimensions using a high-resolution laser film digitizer. Image data were compressed using the irreversible (lossy), wavelet-based JPEG 2000 method. Twenty images were randomly presented in pairs (one image per monitor) in three modes: mode 1, non-compressed versus 50:1 compression; mode 2, non-compressed versus 75:1 compression; and mode 3, 50:1 versus 75:1 compression with 20 random pairs presented twice (80 pairs total). Six radiologists were forced to choose which image had the lower level of data compression in a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. The average percent correct across the six radiologists for modes 1, 2 and 3 were 52.5% (+/-11.3), 58.3% (+/-14.7), and 58.3% (+/-7.5), respectively. Intra-reader agreement ranged from 10 to 50% and Kappa from -0.78 to -0.19. Kappa for inter-reader agreement ranged from -0.47 to 0.37. The “monitor effect” (left/right) was of the same order of magnitude as the radiologists’ ability to identify the lower level of image compression. In this controlled evaluation, radiologists did not accurately discriminate non-compressed and highly-compressed images. Therefore, 75:1 image compression should be acceptable for review of digitized mammograms in a telemammography system.
Racial and ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity: systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)

Our objective was to describe the racial and ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity. Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO) were searched for studies examining racial/ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity. Thermal-heat, cold-pressor, pressure, ischemic, mechanical cutaneous, electrical, and chemical experimental pain modalities were assessed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality guideline. Meta-analysis was used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) by pain sensitivity measures. Studies comparing African Americans (AAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) were included for meta-analyses because of high heterogeneity in other racial/ethnic group comparisons. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analyses by sex, sample size, sample characteristics, and pain modalities. A total of 41 studies met the review criteria. Overall, AAs, Asians, and Hispanics had higher pain sensitivity compared with NHWs, particularly lower pain tolerance, higher pain ratings, and greater temporal summation of pain. Meta-analyses revealed that AAs had lower pain tolerance (SMD: -0.90, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -1.10 to -0.70) and higher pain ratings (SMD: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.69) but no significant differences in pain threshold (SMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.10) compared with NHWs. Estimates did not vary by pain modalities, nor by other demographic factors; however, SMDs were significantly different based on the sample size. Racial/ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity were more pronounced with suprathreshold than with threshold stimuli, which is important in clinical pain treatment. Additional studies examining mechanisms to explain such differences in pain tolerance and pain ratings are needed.
Dowex 50 (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDowex 50W. C. Bauman, J. R. Skidmore, and R. H. OsmunCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 8, 1350–1355Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50464a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50464a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2203Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ultra-High-Resolution 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Inner Structures of Human Placenta-Derived Trophoblast Organoids (2020)

Only recently human placenta-derived organoids were established, allowing to have a highly reproducible and stable in vitro model to investigate not only developmental but also physiological and pathophysiological processes during early pregnancy. To our knowledge, this work is the first to analyze living human placenta organoids using 3D OCT. Thereby, the rapid and especially non-endpoint OCT qualitative analyses align to the differentiation stage of organoids, which will aid future advancement in this field.
First steps towards handheld augmented reality (2004)

In this paper we describe the first stand-alone AugmentedReality (AR) system with self-tracking running on anunmodified personal digital assistant (PDA) with acommercial camera. The project exploits the readyavailability of consumer devices with a minimal need forinfrastructure. The application provides the user with athree-dimensional augmented view of the environment.Our system achieves good overlay registration accuracyby using a popular marker-based tracking toolkit(ARToolKit), which runs directly on the PDA. Weintroduce an optional client/server architecture that isbased on wireless networking and is able to dynamicallyand transparently offload the tracking task in order toprovide better performance in select areas. Thehardware/software framework is modular and can beeasily combined with many elements of an existing ARframework. As a demonstration of the effectiveness, wepresent a 3D navigation application that guides a userthrough an unknown building to a chosen location.
Dependence of EPSP Efficacy on Synapse Location in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons (2002)

Neurons receive thousands of synaptic inputs throughout elaborate dendritic trees. Here we determine the somatic impact of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated at known dendritic sites in neocortical pyramidal neurons. As inputs became more distal, somatic EPSP amplitude decreased, whereas use-dependent depression increased. Despite marked attenuation (>40-fold), when coactivated within a narrow time window (approximately 10 milliseconds), distal EPSPs could directly influence action potential output following dendritic spike generation. These findings reveal that distal EPSPs are ineffective sources of background somatic excitation, but through coincidence detection have a powerful transient signaling role.
Crystal Orientation within Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymers of Semicrystalline Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteCrystal Orientation within Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymers of Semicrystalline Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)Ya-Sen Sun, Tsai-Ming Chung, Yi-Jing Li, Rong-Ming Ho, Bao-Tsan Ko, and U-Ser JengView Author Information National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; and Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 18, 6778–6781Publication Date (Web):August 10, 2007Publication History Received27 April 2007Revised27 June 2007Published online10 August 2007Published inissue 4 September 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0709708https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0709708brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Crystallization,Crystals,Physical and chemical processes,X-ray scattering Get e-Alerts
In Vitro–In Vivo Study of the Impact of Excipient Emulsions on the Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids: Influence of the Carrier Oil Type (2022)

The influence of the carrier oil type on the bioavailability and bioactivity of flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin) was examined using in vitro digestion, in situ intestinal perfusion, and pharmacokinetic studies. Here, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), or MCT/LCT mixtures (1:1, w/w) served as the oil phase of excipient emulsions. Overall, the bioavailability and antioxidant activity of flavonoids increased when they were coingested with excipient emulsions. The in vitro bioaccessibility of flavonoids was affected by the carrier oil: LCT (17.9-22.8%) > MCT/LCT (12.1-13.7%) > MCT (9.2-12.6%). These differences were mainly attributed to the fact that the mixed micelles formed after the digestion of LCTs had larger hydrophobic domains to solubilize more flavonoids. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the flavonoid concentrations in rat serum were comparable for all carrier oils (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Our results assist in formulating excipient emulsions to enhance the efficacy of flavonoids.
Crosstalk Analysis and Countermeasures of High-Density Multi-Hop Inductive Coupling Interface for 3D-Stacked Memory (2020)

This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of crosstalk in a multi-hop inductive coupling interface for a 3D-stacked memory and proposes two countermeasures. The crosstalk among seven stacked dies is analyzed based on 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulation. The detailed analysis reveals two main crosstalk sources: concentric coils and adjacent coils. To suppress theses crosstalk, this work proposes two corresponding countermeasures: shorted coils and 8-shaped coils. The combination of the shorted coils and 8-shaped coils improves area-efficiency by a factor of 4 in simulation. These techniques enable a high-density inducive coupling interface for a high-bandwidth stacked memory.
Emission of photon multiplets by a dc-biased superconducting circuit (2021)

We observe the emission of bunches of $k \geqslant 1$ photons by a circuit made of a microwave resonator in series with a voltage-biased tunable Josephson junction. The bunches are emitted at specific values $V_k$ of the bias voltage, for which each Cooper pair tunneling across the junction creates exactly k photons in the resonator. The latter is a micro-fabricated spiral coil which resonates and leaks photons at 4.4~GHz in a measurement line. Its characteristic impedance of 1.97~k$Ω$ is high enough to reach a strong junction-resonator coupling and a bright emission of the k-photon bunches. We show that a RWA treatment of the system accounts quantitatively for the observed radiation intensity, from $k=1$ to $6$, and over three orders of magnitude when varying the Josephson energy $E_J$. We also measure the second order correlation function of the radiated microwave to determine its Fano factor $F_k$, which in the low $E_J$ limit, confirms with $F_k=k$ the emission of $k$ photon bunches. At larger $E_J$, a more complex behavior is observed in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOKETONE COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, AND TUNGSTEN CARBONYLS (1977)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Tetraäthylammoniumpentacarbonyl(jodo)metallate (I) mit Silbertetrafluoroborat in Aceton (II) als Lösungsmittel und Reaktionsteilnehmer und in Gegenwart von Schwefelwasserstoff werden über die Ketokom‐plexe (III) die Thioketonkomplexe (IV) in 67‐74%iger Ausbeute erhalten (der Mo‐Komplex ist instabil).
Dynamic measurement system of thermoelectric module parameters (2004)

A simple and easy-to-use device for measuring thermoelectric module (TEM) properties is presented. The characterization system provides continuous direct measurement of TEM hot and cold side temperatures, electric current flow, and terminal voltage. Seebeck voltage is measured using the Harman method. These measurements are then used to obtain dynamic values of TEM fundamental parameters: electrical resistance, thermal conductance and Seebeck coefficient, from which the TEM figure-of-merit can be calculated. Test conditions, i.e., current flowing through the module can be varied by the user. The thermal circuit used by the characterization system includes an auxiliary TEM that enables to emulate a controlled ambient temperature, which increments the repeatability and versatility of each test. Additionally, the dynamic response can be varied by interchanging the thermal load. Repeatability tests show a dispersion between direct measurements of less than 50mK for temperature measurements and less than 4mV for voltage measurements.
Generation of Self-Assembling 3D Neural Micro-Organoids using Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Progenitors and Microglia (2018)

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies showed that microglia (MG) play critical roles in neurodegeneration, and mutations of specific genes in MG increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although murine models have started to shed light on the role of MG in AD, the lack of human models hampers the study of MG-related neurodegeneration. With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, and knowing that in-vitro 3D co-culture better approximates the complex in-vivo cellular organization than 2D monolayer co-culture, we set out to generate self-assembling 3D neural micro-organoids of human origin as potential in-vitro 3D cellular models for unravelling neuronal-MG crosstalk relevant to neurodegeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To facilitate lineage tracing, human iPSCs were genetically engineered to constitutively express either TdTomato or GFP fluorescent protein from the safe harbor AAVS1 locus. Using in-house protocols, the cells were differentiated into human neuronal progenitor cells (hNPCs-TdTomato) (Garcia Leon, et al., Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 2018) or human microglia-like cells (hMGs-GFP) (Claes et al., Alzheimer’s & Dementia, in press) respectively. At a hNPCs:hMGs ratio of 2:1, the cells were mixed and seeded onto agarose substrates imprinted with 121 microwells (Ф500 µm x H500 µm). The cells were cultured in neural maintenance medium to allow self-assembling of neural micro-organoids. Micro-organoid formation was monitored by brightfield and fluorescent microscopy. Differentiation and maturation of hNPCs and hMGs was analyzed by qRT-PCR. As an alternative approach, cerebral brain organoids were generated via a well-accepted published protocol, followed by seeding of hMGs onto the organoids. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: hiPSC-derived hNPC:hMG mixtures started to self-assemble into micro-organoids after 9 days of culture (Fig. 1a). The micro-organoids consisted of hNPCs-dTomato (red) and hMGs-GFP cells, and discrete hNPCs and hMGs submicro-organoids with distinctive spheroid morphologies (Fig. 1b). Alternatively, hiPSCs were differentiated towards cerebral brain organoids, and the neuronal marker, Nestin, was detected after 21 days (Fig. 2a & 2f). Interestingly, after seeding hMGs (Fig. 2b) on the organoids, clear morphological changes were observed in the co-culture (Fig. 2c–2e). CONCLUSION: By harnessing the self-assembling property of hiPSC-derived hNPCs and hMGs, and assisted by robust differentiation protocols, neural micro-organoids or cerebral brain organoids were generated. These organoids represent unprecedented in-vitro 3D models essential for unravelling neuron-microglia crosstalk linked to neurodegeneration. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This research project is supported by the IWT_SBO-iPSCAF (IWT 150031 iPSC), KU Leuven C1-3DMuSyC grant (C14/17/111), and IWT Aspirant grant (SC/1S1071N).
189 PHASE 1 STUDY OF AN ANTI-GD3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (KW-2871) IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED METASTATIC MELANOMA. (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> Current therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma are limited. KW-2871 is an IgG1 kappa chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting ganglioside antigen GD3, expressed on neuroectodermal tumors including melanoma, glioma, and neuroblastoma. GD3 expression is known to be up-regulated with malignant transformation of melanoma and tumor progression. KW-2871 has mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). <h3>Method</h3> Seventeen patients with stage IV melanoma not amenable to surgical intervention with ECOG performance status of 0, 1, or 2 were enrolled in the study to evaluate the safety, tolerance, and pharmokinetics of KW-2871. All patients received a test dose of 10 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV. Patients were stratified into 4 cohorts receiving 4 doses at 2-week intervals of 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. No premedications were administered prior to infusion of KW-2871. <h3>Results</h3> No dose-limiting toxicities (DLT: grade $ 2 allergic reaction and/or grade $ 3 toxicity) were observed in the 20 and 40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> cohorts. The first two patients in the 80 mg/m<sup>2</sup> had DLTs (grade 3 urticaria, grade 3 seizures, grade 3 edema of the larynx, and grade 3 chest tightness). No patients were enrolled in the 120 mg/m<sup>2</sup> cohort. A fifth cohort with 6 patients was then opened at a dose of 60 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and this dose level exceeded the MTD (grade 3 urticaria, grade 3 laryngeal edema, and grade 3 chest tightness). KW-2871 had no myelosuppression. The plasma KW-2871 disappearance curves fit a two-compartment model best. The mean T<sub>1/2</sub> beta at 40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> dose level was 13 6 6 days (range 8-21 days). The mean AUC at 40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> was 3,965 μg*hr/mL. Two patients in the 40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> cohort had stable disease for 8 and 3 months. Antibody development against KW-2871 was not detected in the study. <h3>Conclusion</h3> An MTD of 40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> without premedication was established in this initial dose escalation study. A second phase 1 dose escalation study with the use of premedication including diphenhydramine, corticosteroids, and H2 blockers is active currently and will help identify a higher MTD to maximize potential efficacy.
<title>Integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator with linearized modulation characteristic</title> (1993)

Theoretical and experimental results are presented on the characteristics of a Mach-Zehnder integrated-optic modulator with TM- and TE-polarized waves simultaneously excited at its input. It is established that under certain conditions the modulator linearity for a wave combination can be substantially increased above that obtained when light of one polarization is used. In the experiments, adjustment of light polarization at the modulator input with respect to the crystal axis ensured an optimal ratio of the wave intensities, so an increase of the linearity range (LR) from 69% to 92% was achieved and the dynamic range (DR) was improved from 75 dB to 87 dB.