gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revealing the hidden atom in graphite by low-temperature atomic force microscopy (2003)

Carbon, the backbone material of life on Earth, comes in three modifications: diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. Diamond develops tetrahedral sp3 bonds, forming a cubic crystal structure, whereas graphite and fullerenes are characterized by planar sp2 bonds. Polycrystalline graphite is the basis for many products of everyday life: pencils, lubricants, batteries, arc lamps, and brushes for electric motors. In crystalline form, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is used as a diffracting element in monochromators for x-ray and neutron scattering and as a calibration standard for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The graphite surface is easily prepared as a clean atomically flat surface by cleavage. This feature is attractive and is used in many laboratories as the surface of choice for "seeing atoms." Despite the proverbial ease of imaging graphite by STM with atomic resolution, every second atom in the hexagonal surface unit cell remains hidden, and STM images show only a single atom in the unit cell. Here we present measurements with a low-temperature atomic force microscope with pico-Newton force sensitivity that reveal the hidden surface atom.
References (2007)

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Biaxially oriented NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ films prepared on {100}&gt;001&lt; textured Ag tapes without any buffer layers (2001)

We successfully obtained biaxially oriented NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ superconducting films with the T/sub c/ of 89 K on {100}<001> textured Ag tapes without any buffer layers. The lower substrate temperature seems to be favorable for the better biaxial orientation of the NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ grains; the film deposited at 650/spl deg/C had an excellent biaxial crystal orientation, while on the textured Ag tape heated at 720/spl deg/C, NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ phase grew in two orientations, 45/spl deg/ apart.
Designing Curated Conversation-Driven Explanations for Communicating Complex Technical Concepts (2019)

The need for learning about emerging technologies and technical concepts among the general population is increasing, but formal explanations from online encyclopedias, textbooks, and articles are often rich in technical jargon and can be challenging to grasp. In this paper, we explore a novel approach for explaining technical concepts to non-technical users through the design of JargonLite, an interactive dictionary that shows how technical concepts can be used in everyday conversations. We evaluated curated conversation-driven explanations with 12 users who had little or no technical training and wanted to learn about big data concepts. We found that users perceived conversation-driven explanations to be easy to understand and these explanations helped them to maintain focus. We discuss the potential of using conversation-driven explanations as a learning tool for non-technical users and reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
Transducer Inertia and Stinger Stiffness Effects on FRF Measurements #19 (1999)

In order to study methods for measuring complete driving point FRF (frequency response funtion) characteristics for forces and moments, it was necessary to evaluate which test technique had the best chances of success. Impulse testing has consistency problems with input magnitudes as well as mixing windows for signal processing. The chirp has excellent signal to noise ratios and generally superior coherence when compared to random testing. It was found that stinger resonance's within the test frequency range and latter outside the test frequency range caused measurement complications for the test structure's highest natural frequency. These complications were effectively predicted using the transducer's inertial properties, the stinger's stiffness properties, and the structure's linear and angular driving point FRF characteristics (as determined from impulse tests) when stingcr resonance effects were removed from the chirp data.
Metal-Switching and Self-Inclusion of Functional Cavitands (2002)

Cavitands bearing both eight (5) and two (13) metal-ligating carboxymethylphosphonate groups on their rims were synthesized by Arbuzov reaction of the corresponding bromoacetamido cavitands with trialkyl phosphites. These exist in the vase conformation in CDCl(3) and are stabilized by a cyclic seam of hydrogen bonds. This structure was also found in the solid state for the octabromoacetamide 4a and diphosphonate cavitand 13 by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Cavitands 5 and 13 form caviplexes in CDCl(3), CD(2)Cl(2), and alcohol solutions with adamantane derivatives 15a,b, quinuclidine 15d, ammonium and phosphonium salts 14, and drugs like ibuprofen 15c, all of which are stable on the NMR time scale at 295 K. NMR spectroscopy reveals that at 223 K octaphosphonate 5b exists in two forms: the major C(4)-symmetrical compound is filled with solvent while the minor species shows intramolecular inclusion of a dialkoxyphosphoryl group. In methanol-d(4) 5 and 13 exist in a lower symmetry vase conformation with self-inclusion of one alkyl group. Interaction of these complexes with La(OTf)(3) results in a change in the conformation of the cavitand from vase to kite with concomitant and quantitative release of the encapsulated guests. Two to three equivalents of the lanthanide salt per equivalent of cavitand 5a-d is necessary for the complete decomplexation of the included guest. The kite and the vase conformers equilibrate slowly on the NMR time scale at 295 K. The addition of good ligands for metal cations (nitrate or CMPO calixarene 16) shifts the equilibrium to the vase-shaped caviplex and allows quantitative control of the binding and release of the guest. The lanthanide complexes of octaphosphonates 5 in methanol-d(4) are velcraplex-like dimers held together by four metal cations.
Toward cloud computing reference architecture: Cloud service management perspective (2013)

Cloud computing architecture is used as a guideline to understand the whole process including actor roles inside a cloud computing environment. Currently, there is only a few cloud computing architecture that can be used as a reference for building a cloud computing infrastructure. As cloud computing technology is being used to minimize the usage cost of computing resources, many enterprises gained interest of migrating their old system to the cloud computing system. This paper describes an overview of the new proposed cloud computing reference architecture but focusing on one of the cloud provider components which is cloud service management. It is required for cloud providers to support them managing their cloud services properly from the planning to delivery and operation process.
Doppler lidar power, aperture diameter, and FFT size trade-off study (2017)

In the design or selection of a Doppler lidar instrument for a spacecraft landing system, it is important to evaluate the balance between performance requirements and cost, weight, and power consumption. Leveraging the capability of LadarSIM, a trade-off study was performed to evaluate the interaction between the laser transmission power, aperture diameter, and FFT size in a Doppler lidar system. For this study the probabilities of detection and false alarm were calculated using LadarSIM to simulate FMCW lidar systems with varying power, aperture diameter, and FFT size. This paper reports the results of this trade-off study.
Distributive Tactile Sensing using Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors for Biomedical Applications (2006)

Artificial tactile sensing systems using the distributive tactile sensing technique and fibre Bragg grating sensors are presented. A one-dimensional arrangement, with possible applications in an endoscope, is compared with a similar arrangement using conventional electronic sensors. A two-dimensional sensing surface is described, with potential applications in human balance and gait analysis, capable of detecting simultaneously the position and shape of an object placed upon it. It is believed that this work represents the first use of fibre Bragg grating sensors in a distributive sensing regime
Ptf1ais essential for the differentiation of GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells and horizontal cells in the mouse retina (2007)

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are important regulators of retinal neurogenesis. In the developing retina, proneural bHLH genes have highly defined expressions, which are influenced by pattern formation and cell-specification pathways. We report here that the tissue-specific bHLH transcription factor Ptf1a (also known as PTF1-p48) is expressed from embryonic day 12.5 of gestation (E12.5) to postnatal day 3 (P3) during retinogenesis in the mouse. Using recombination-based lineage tracing, we provide evidence that Ptf1a is expressed in precursors of amacrine and horizontal cells. Inactivation of Ptf1a in the developing retina led to differentiation arrest of amacrine and horizontal precursor cells in addition to partial transdifferentiation of Ptf1a-expressing precursor cells to ganglion cells. Analysis of late cell-type-specific markers revealed the presence of a small population of differentiated amacrine cells, whereas GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells, as well as horizontal cells, were completely missing in Ptf1a-knockout retinal explants. We conclude that Ptf1a contributes to the differentiation of horizontal cells and types of amacrine cells during mouse retinogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Resolution of a New Chiral C2‐Symmetric Bisphenol: trans‐ 1,2‐Bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bandwidth management and congestion control in plaNET (1991)

The protocols and mechanisms necessary for network bandwidth management and congestion control are addressed. The discussion draws heavily on the lessons learned from the design and implementation of plaNET, a high-speed packet-switching system for integrated voice, video, and data communications. A general overview of the mechanisms involved is given. The individual components of the system are discussed. Most of the conclusions are general and can be applied to other high-speed networks, including asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A novel objective chute score interacts with monensin to affect growth of receiving cattle1,2 (2017)

Growth in cattle may be related to animal temperament via alterations in intake or feed conversion. However, temperament is ill-defined, and different temperament measures may relate differently to production traits or interact with dietary factors in their effects. To examine relationships between diet, temperament, growth, and health, 160 crossbred steers (262 ± 22 kg) were used in a 56-d RCBD experiment with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure with 5 pens/treatment. Steers were pen fed a corn silage-based diet with or without monensin (41.9 g/t DM), ad libitum. Temperament treatments (assigned on d -7) were exit velocity (EV; slow vs. fast) and objective chute score (OCS; low vs. high), a novel temperament measure, representing the CV of weights collected at 5 measures/s for 10 s while an animal's head was restrained in a chute. Both were measured on d -7, 0, 14, 28, 55, and 56. Subjective chute scores (SCS; visual estimates of animal activity obtained simultaneously with OCS measures) were measured on d -7 and d 56. Jugular blood samples from d 28 were analyzed for antibody response to leptospirosis vaccine and NEFA concentrations. No monensin × OCS × EV interactions were detected ( ≥ 0.11). There was a positive correlation between SCS and OCS ( < 0.01; = 0.57). Changes in OCS and EV across the duration of the study differed among treatments (treatment × day, < 0.10) and indicated that initial measures may be better proxies of growth than average measures. There were no interactions between EV and OCS ( ≥ 0.15) for any response variable and no interactions among treatments ( ≥ 0.31), nor main effects of temperament factors ( ≥ 0.12) for DMI (%BW). Monensin decreased DMI ( < 0.01) similarly across all levels of EV and OCS. Gains and G:F responses to monensin depended on OCS ( < 0.10) but not EV ( ≥ 0.80). Gain was reduced ( < 0.10) by monensin with low, but not high, OCS, and G:F was increased ( < 0.10) by monensin on high, but not low, OCS. Gain during the second 4 wk was lesser ( = 0.04) in fast, compared with slow, EV animals. Results provide novel indications that certain temperament measures can interact with dietary manipulation to influence animal performance.
Formulación de metoclopramida en partículas poliméricas mucoadhesivas para administración intranasal (2020)

Se prepararon y liofilizaron partÃ­culas (Ps) polimÃ©ricas mucoadhesivas a base de GantrezÂ®, cargadas con fÃ¡rmaco, mediante el mÃ©todo de desplazamiento de disolvente modificado, para administraciÃ³n intranasal de metoclopramida HCl (MCP). Las Ps obtenidas se caracterizaron midiendo tamaÃ±o (368,0 Â± 79,6), Ã­ndice de polidispersiÃ³n (0,294 Â± 0,014) y potencial Z (-47,3 Â± 4,4) (Nanosizer, Malvern, ZS90). La carga de fÃ¡rmaco (%CF= 12,86 Â± 0,7) y la eficiencia de encapsulamiento (%EE= 77,14 Â± 3,9) se determinaron por un mÃ©todo espectrofotomÃ©trico UV, previamente validado. Se hizo un estudio de liberaciÃ³n in vitro, bajo condiciones sink, usando membranas de diÃ¡lisis y un agitador orbital. Las partÃ­culas obtenidas poseen caracterÃ­sticas tecnolÃ³gicas adecuadas en cuanto a tamaÃ±o, contenido de fÃ¡rmaco y perfil de liberaciÃ³n, por lo que se consideran potencialmente adecuadas para la administraciÃ³n nasal de metoclopramida.
PSpice simulation of ultrasonic systems (2000)

The usage of electrical analogies for the simulation of wave generation and propagation in ultrasound transducers is well established. In this paper a PSpice approach that includes the temperature and frequency dependency of the transducer performance is proposed. The analogy between acoustic wave propagation and wave propagation in an electric transmission line is given. Further ways to deduce temperature and frequency dependencies are discussed. The simulation approach is applied to a pulse-echo setup for the determination of speed of sound and attenuation in liquids and solids. Experiments and simulations are made for three temperatures and in the frequency range 1-12 MHz using water, glycerine, and polymers (PMMA and PEEK) as test samples. Comparison shows a good agreement between simulation and experiments. Results for glycerine indicates that the available attenuation models for high viscosity liquids is inappropriate.
Pilot Tests of Automated Speed Enforcement Devices and Procedures (2007)

This report concerns the identification of technologies applicable to speed enforcement and an assessment of their potential utility in the United States. The study emphasizes technologies in common use in Europe and elsewhere, but relatively unknown in the United States. The most common non-United States technology utilizes Doppler radar aimed diagonally across the road, rather than down the road as is the case with American systems, giving it a number of technical advantages. This, and several other technologies identified, can be used with a camera to obtain photographic evidence or operate automatically without an officer in attendance. The findings reported on these automated speed enforcement (ASE) devices reflect information from literature; personal visits to foreign law enforcement agencies and manufacturers; engineering and preliminary law enforcement field tests of selected ASE devices in the United States; a quantitative rating system; and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of selected ASE devices and their deployment strategies. It is concluded that ASE devices are technically much superior to systems presently used in the United States and, although more expensive, offer potential cost-effectiveness advantages. However, there are some legal and public opinion concerns that must be dealt with, and selected ASE devices must be modified and then tested in an operational setting in which the systems are actually employed, first, to issue warnings and, eventually, citations for speeding. /Abstract from report summary page/
800 MHz single-photon detection at 1550-nm using an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode operated with a sine wave gating (2006)

Single-photon detection at 1550-nm with a high repetition rate was realized using an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode operated with a sine wave gating. Removing the AC noise due to the transferred gate signal usingband elimination filters, we have discriminated the avalanche signal which is much smaller than that in the conventional gating, which results in the suppression of the afterpulsing. At the repetition frequency of 800MHz, the overall afterpulsing probability was 6.0% with the detection efficiency of 8.5% and the dark count probability of 9.2X10(-6).
Security Design Issues in Distributed Databases (2014)

In the rapid growth of networking and information technology expands the business worldwide. As distributed database became more popular, the need for improvement in distributed database management system become even more important. Database provides inbuilt security to manage different levels of data but if we apply overall security from accessing the different levels of user's data to different levels of users, it will raise the performance complication and also slow down the normal function of the database server. The most important issue is security that may arise and possibly compromise the access control and the integrity of the system. In this paper, we review the most common as well as emerging security mechanism used in distributed database system. Keywords: Distributed database, distributed database security, distributed database architecture, distributed database retrieval problems, Concurrency control.
Blockuits (2013)

Blockuits is an exploration in the design of construction sets for children, resulting in three prototypes. All prototypes have simple interfaces, interactions and electronic outputs. These interactive toys foster creativity and artistic expression while introducing children to cause and effect and basic principles of circuitry.
Study of C reactive protein as a prognostic marker in malaria from Eastern India (2012)

Our study in Indian population corroborates the findings in African studies regarding prognostic role of CRP in malaria. CRP is an effective biomarker in assessing malaria severity and also for follow-up.
Dynamics and Structure of Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Air Plasma Jets: Experiment and Simulation (2016)

Results of experimental and computational study of the dynamics and structure of atmospheric-pressure air plasma jets formed by barrier discharge in a thin dielectric tube are presented. Formation of plasma bullet-guided streamers, moving along the jet with velocity varying in the range (1-3) × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , is observed. Simulation, for conditions of the experiment, gives the streamer radius, velocity, and propagation length in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Una estimació de la funció d'exportacions de Catalunya als països de la Unió Europea (2001)

The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence with regard to the main factors that affect the catalan exports of goods to the European Union.s countries. To achieve this aim, it is estimated an equation that relates the export of goods with their main explicative variables. The methodology used is panel data, where the transversal observations correspond to the main countries on the EU; the referring time comes from 1988 to 1999. The study reveals three important results. First of all, it is necessary to underline the gain of market share from 1988 to 1996; it is indirectly assimilable to competitive gains. Another interesting conclusion of the study is that the economy is so sensitive to the external cyclical evolution, as it can be deduced from the higher elasticity of the catalan exports to the communitary countries. GDP. To finish with, it's important to emphasise the vulnerability of the catalan exports towards the relative prices. behaviour.
Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector Ebola Vaccine — Preliminary Report (2015)

n engl j med 373;8 nejm.org august 20, 2015 775 that data on safety and side­effect profiles in our study come from a cohort of patients who had all successfully received injections and many of whom had received evolocumab for at least 12 weeks. However, it should be noted that the ma­ jority of the patients who did not enter our study stated their intention not to do so at the start of the parent trial owing to the time commitment or other personal reasons. In terms of adverse events, Goemann et al. selectively cite data from 3 of the 12 parent trials. What may be more help­ ful are the data from a comprehensive pooled analysis of the blinded, controlled parent trials, which show that the rates of adverse events lead­ ing to study­drug discontinuation were 2.2% in the control groups and 1.9% in the evolocumab groups, findings that support the acceptable side­effect profile of the drug. Undoubtedly, the ongoing Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Re­ search with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk (FOURIER) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01764633) involving 27,500 patients will provide more definitive data.
Somali Demining Action Group (2002)

Somali Demining Action Group (SDAG) aims to eradicate anti-personnel landmines in Central and south Somalia. Statistics are provided for mine casualties in central and south Somalia.
Coining of holes in aluminum plates - Finite element simulations andexperiments (1992)

Stress coining is a cold working process used to create a compressive tangential stress Held on the surface of a hole. Here, the development of stresses and strains in a 24-mm-thick aluminum plate during the coining of a hole is simulated in a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). The influence of different parameters on the residual tangential stresses, close to, and on the hole surface is studied numerically. These parameters are the coining depth, the mandrel diameter, the friction coefficient, the plate size, and the level of approximation in the FE-analysis. The three first parameters above are found to be the key parameters that control the residual stresses of interest. Experiments were performed to verify the results of the FE-computations by using resistance strain gauges on aluminum plates which contain a hole with a 27-mm diameter. Good agreement between measured and FE-calculated residual tangential and axial strains on the hole surface was obtained.