gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization for Communication Energy Efficiency of Air-Based Information Network While Satisfying Timing Constraints (2015)

In air-based information network of the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network, it is critical to select an efficient communication link for each communication. However, some communication may not have fixed rules. In this article, we build a model of the air-based information network, and use the dynamic programming to select the most efficient communication link by minimizing the energy consumption in the communication model. In the communication model, energy consumption is associated with the distance between aircrafts and the relative velocity of the aircrafts. The experiments show that the presented algorithms can effectively reduce the total cost while satisfying timing constraints with guaranteed confidence probabilities. For example, there has been an achievement that an average reduction of 9.9% per 20 time units in the 100-subnetwork model satisfying timing constraints based on the presented algorithm.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of thiosulphate ions by copper(II) ions in aqueous ammonia solution (1973)

Copper(II) ions in aqueous ammonia solution oxidize thiosulphate ions initially to tetrathionate ions; the latter then undergo a subsequent disproportionation reaction to yield trithionate and thiosulphate ions. The detailed kinetics of the reaction suggest a mechanism which involves substitution of thiosulphate ion into the co-ordination sphere of a triamminecopper(II) complex in the rate-determining step. A one-equivalent electron transfer from the thiosulphate to the copper(II) ion, occurring in the intermediate triamminecopper(II)–thiosulphate complex, gives rise to copper(I) and S2O3– ions, the latter dimerizing to tetrathionate ions.
Antibody to the d -Alanine Carboxypeptidase of Bacillus subtilis Does Not Cross-React with Other Penicillin-Binding Proteins (1977)

The fact that antibody to d-alanine carboxypeptidase of Bacillus subtilis does not cross-react with other penicillin-binding proteins suggests that these proteins are not precursors or multimers of the enzyme.
In-service Degradation and Life Prediction of Coatings for Advanced Land-based Gas Turbine Buckets (2003)

In-service degradation mechanisms of over-aluminized MCrAlY duplex coatings have been determined by evaluating two long-term service-run blades. Cyclic oxidation tests were also conducted to characterize the degradation of the duplex coatings, GT29+ and GT33+. The results show that degradation of duplex coatings is manifested by the formation of oxide scale, the transformation of β-phase into γ, the coarsening of β-phase particles in the MCrAlY coating, and the enlargement of the interdiffusion zone. Considering all of the degradation mechanisms observed in these service-run coated buckets, a coating life prediction model, developed under an EPRI-funded program, was used to estimate the life of GT29+ and GT33+ coatings. A comparison of the model calculations and experimental data indicated that, conservatively, the useful life of duplex coatings can be predicted solely based on the Al content in the top aluminide coating. The predicted value of the coating life is increased by a factor of 1.4 to 2 if MCrAlY is included in the lifetime estimation.
Forecasting Power Output of Photovoltaic Systems Based on Weather Classification and Support Vector Machines (2012)

Due to the growing demand on renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) generation systems have increased considerably in recent years. However, the power output of PV systems is affected by different weather conditions. Accurate forecasting of PV power output is important for system reliability and promoting large-scale PV deployment. This paper proposes algorithms to forecast power output of PV systems based upon weather classification and support vector machines (SVM). In the process, the weather conditions are divided into four types which are clear sky, cloudy day, foggy day, and rainy day. In this paper, a one-day-ahead PV power output forecasting model for a single station is derived based on the weather forecasting data, actual historical power output data, and the principle of SVM. After applying it into a PV station in China (the capability is 20 kW), results show the proposed forecasting model for grid-connected PV systems is effective and promising.
Hybrid and Modular Multilevel Converter Designs for Isolated HVDC–DC Converters (2017)

Efficient medium and high-voltage dc-dc conversion is critical for future dc grids. This paper proposes a hybrid multilevel dc-ac converter structure that is used as the kernel of dc-dc conversion systems. Operation of the proposed dc-ac converter is suited to trapezoidal ac-voltage waveforms. Quantitative and qualitative analyses show that said trapezoidal operation reduces converter footprint, active and passive components' size, and on-state losses relative to conventional modular multilevel converters. The proposed converter is scalable to high voltages with controllable ac-voltage slope; implying tolerable dv/dt stresses on the converter transformer. Structural variations of the proposed converter with enhanced modularity and improved efficiency will be presented and discussed with regards to application in front-to-front isolated dc-dc conversion stages, and in light of said trapezoidal operation. Numerical results provide deeper insight of the presented converter designs with emphasis on system design aspects. Results obtained from a proof-of-concept 1-kW experimental test rig confirm the validity of simulation results, theoretical analyses, and simplified design equations presented in this paper.
Continuous Speech Recognition Consortium-an Open Repository for CSR Tools and Models- (2002)

LREC2002: International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, May 29-31, 2002, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
Transposon-mediated BAC transgenesis in human ES cells (2012)

Transgenesis is a cornerstone of molecular biology. The ability to integrate a specifically engineered piece of DNA into the genome of a living system is fundamental to our efforts to understand life and exploit its implications for medicine, nanotechnology and bioprospecting. However, transgenesis has been hampered by position effects and multi-copy integration problems, which are mainly due to the use of small, plasmid-based transgenes. Large transgenes based on native genomic regions cloned into bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) circumvent these problems but are prone to fragmentation. Herein, we report that contrary to widely held notions, large BAC-sized constructs do not prohibit transposition. We also report the first reliable method for BAC transgenesis in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The PiggyBac or Sleeping Beauty transposon inverted repeats were integrated into BAC vectors by recombineering, followed by co-lipofection with the corresponding transposase in hESCs to generate robust fluorescent protein reporter lines for OCT4, NANOG, GATA4 and PAX6. BAC transposition delivers several advantages, including increased frequencies of single-copy, full-length integration, which will be useful in all transgenic systems but especially in difficult venues like hESCs.
Shape detection beyond the visual field using a visual-to-auditory sensory augmentation device (2023)

Current advancements in both technology and science allow us to manipulate our sensory modalities in new and unexpected ways. In the present study, we explore the potential of expanding what we perceive through our natural senses by utilizing a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device (SSD), the EyeMusic, an algorithm that converts images to sound. The EyeMusic was initially developed to allow blind individuals to create a spatial representation of information arriving from a video feed at a slow sampling rate. In this study, we aimed to use the EyeMusic for the blind areas of sighted individuals. We use it in this initial proof-of-concept study to test the ability of sighted subjects to combine visual information with surrounding auditory sonification representing visual information. Participants in this study were tasked with recognizing and adequately placing the stimuli, using sound to represent the areas outside the standard human visual field. As such, the participants were asked to report shapes' identities as well as their spatial orientation (front/right/back/left), requiring combined visual (90° frontal) and auditory input (the remaining 270°) for the successful performance of the task (content in both vision and audition was presented in a sweeping clockwise motion around the participant). We found that participants were successful at a highly above chance level after a brief 1-h-long session of online training and one on-site training session of an average of 20 min. They could even draw a 2D representation of this image in some cases. Participants could also generalize, recognizing new shapes they were not explicitly trained on. Our findings provide an initial proof of concept indicating that sensory augmentation devices and techniques can potentially be used in combination with natural sensory information in order to expand the natural fields of sensory perception.
Category-selective top-down modulation in the fusiform face area of the human brain during visual search (2017)

Several regions in the ventral-temporal cortex of the human brain are thought to have representations of specific categories of objects. Furthermore, a distributed network of frontal and parietal brain regions is implicated in attentional control. It is assumed that during visual search, attention-control regions send top-down signals to the target category-selective areas to bias the processing in favour of the attended object category. However, little is known about such causal interactions during naturalistic visual search. Here we assess the influence of attention-control brain regions on a well-known face selective area fusiform face area (FFA) during natural visual search using Granger causality analysis. Our results indicate that attending to humans enhances the influence of attention-control regions on the fusiform face area.
The use of a glucose-reduced graphene oxide suspension for photothermal cancer therapy (2012)

A single-step green method for effective reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) by glucose was developed. Then, efficacy of the glucose-reduced GO sheets in photothermal therapy of LNCaP prostate cancer cells was investigated in vitro. The GO suspension reduced and functionalized by glucose in the presence of Fe catalyst showed a biocompatible property with an excellent near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy efficiency better than hydrazine-reduced GO, single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotube suspensions which even showed some levels of toxicities. For complete destruction of the cancer cells at some time intervals of NIR irradiation (e.g., 0.5 and 12 min with a power density of 7.5 W cm−2), minimum concentrations of the reduced GO sheets (i.e., 1 and 0.05 mg mL−1) were obtained. The high photothermal therapy efficiency and biocompatibility of the glucose-reduced GO sheets were assigned to functionalization of the reduced sheets by gluconate ions which also prevented their aggregation. Our results suggest that the glucose-reduced GO sheets can be used as biocompatible and efficient photothermal agents in upcoming nanotechnology-based cancer therapies without any common functionalization by polyethylene glycol.
Determination of the Structure and Conformation of Bacterial Polysaccharides by Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1974)

Abstract The application of carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance to analysis of some phosphorylated acetamidohexose-containing meningococcal polysaccharides is described. A complete assignment of the spectra of both the serogroup A and X polysaccharides has been made. In addition the spectrum of a structurally related 1 →6-α-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose phosphate polysaccharide from Staphylococcus lactis NCTC 2102 has also been completely assigned. This has resulted in the structural elucidation of the serogroup X polysaccharide as a homopolymer of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose, linked by 1→4-α-phosphodiester bonds. In addition, the O-acetyl substituents of the serogroup A polysaccharide have been located at C-3 of approximately 70% of the repeating units (1→6-α-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-mannopyranose phosphate) of the homopolymer. Preliminary conformational information was also obtained from the large three-bond couplings between 31P and 13C (3J3131p-1313c), indicative of highly extended backbone formations.
Design and operation of power systems with large amounts of wind power, IEA collaboration (2006)

New R&D collaboration on 'Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power Production' has been formed in IEA Wind. The R&D task will collect and share information on the experience gained and the studies made on power system impacts of wind power, and review methodologies, tools and data used. This paper outlines the power system impacts of wind power, the national studies published and on-going and describes the goals of the international collaboration. There are dozens of studies made and ongoing related to cost of wind integration, however, the results are not easy to compare. An in-depth review of the studies is needed to draw conclusions on the range of integration costs for wind power. State-of-the art review process will seek for reasons behind the wide range of results for costs of wind integration-definitions for wind penetration, reserves and costs; different power system and load characteristics and operational rules; underlying assumptions on variability of wind etc.
Acyclonucleoside Analogues Consisting of 5-and 5,6-Substituted Uracils and Different Acylic Chains: Inhibitory Properties vs Purified E. coli Uridine Phosphorylase (1987)

Synthetic procedures are described for the preparation of a variety of pyrimidine acyclonucleoside analogues, in which the aglycones are 5- and 5,6-substituted uracils, and the ribose moiety is replaced by different acyclic chains. These were examined as potential inhibitors of purified E. coli uridine phosphorylase. None of the compounds was a substrate for uridine phosphorylase, or either a substrate or inhibitor of E. coli thymidine phosphorylase. Kinetic measurements were employed to determine inhibition constants, Ki, for inhibition of uridine phosphorylase. One of the more effective of these was 1-(1',3'-dihydroxy-2'-propoxy)methyl-5,6-tetramethyleneuracil, with Ki = 2.7 microM. The same compound was a reasonably good inhibitor of the reverse, synthetic, reaction, with Ki values of 19 microM vs uracil as the variable substrate, and 15 microM vs alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate as the variable substrate. For one of the analogues, which was a racemate, 1-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6-tetramethyleneuracil, it was shown that only one of the enantiomers (R) was an inhibitor, the (S) enantiomer being totally inactive. For several of the analogues, the corresponding isomeric N(3)-acyclonucleosides were inactive as inhibitors. The results for several of the good inhibitors were compared with those of other observers for inhibition of uridine phosphorylase from mammalian sources. Preliminary measurements with several of our analogues demonstrated that some of them were indeed one to two orders of magnitude more effective against the enzyme from mammalian sources.
Functional p53 in cells contributes to the anticancer effect of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine (2009)

Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) undergoing clinical trials as anticancer agents usually target several CDKs in cells. Some of them are also able to increase cellular levels of p53 protein and to activate p53-regulated transcription. To define the role of p53 in the anticancer effect of selective CDK inhibitors, two related compounds roscovitine and olomoucine II were studied. Roscovitine differs functionally from its congener olomoucine II only in the selectivity towards transcriptional CDK9. Action of both compounds on proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis was examined in RPMI-8226 cells expressing the temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 and in MCF-7 cells with wild-type p53. Both compounds blocked proliferation, decreased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II, downregulated antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and also activated p53 in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, we showed that the anticancer efficiency of CDK inhibitors was enhanced by active p53 in RPMI-8226 cells kept at permissive temperature, where downregulation of Mcl-1, fragmentation of PARP-1, and increased caspase-3 activity was detected with lower doses of the compounds. The results confirm that functional p53 protein may enhance the anticancer activity of roscovitine that could be beneficial for anticancer therapy.
Semantic transparency: challenges for distributional semantics (2013)

Using data from Reddy et al. (2011), we present a series of regression models of semantic transparency in compound nouns. The results indicate that the frequencies of the compound constituents, the semantic relation between the constituents, and metaphorical shift of a constituent or of the compound as a whole, all contribute to the overall perceived level of transparency. While not proposing an actual distributional model of transparency, we hypothesise that incorporating this information into such a model would improve its success and we suggest some ways this might be possible. 1
<title>Light-scattering from a tenuous cylindrical matrix and the reflectance of the retinal nerve fiber layer</title> (1994)

Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is important in the diagnosis of glaucoma and other optic nerve diseases. To aid understanding of the mechanism of RNFL reflectance, anatomical data were obtained from electron micrographs of cross- sections of amphibian RNFL and possible and possible scattering structures (axonal membranes, microtubules, and neurofilaments) were modeled as arrays of parallel thin fibers. Microtubules and neurofilaments are already thin fibers, and axonal membranes were decomposed into arrays of adjacent parallel fibers. Internal fields were assigned to each fiber by means of Born approximation or according to rules that depended on membrane orientation. Far field scattering was then calculated by field summation. Calculated scattering was much larger from axonal membranes than from microtubules or neurofilaments. Calculated spectra from 400- 700 nm showed increased scattering at shorter wavelengths for both axonal membranes and microtubules. Calculated backscattering from axonal membranes was approximately equal for incident light polarized parallel (TM mode) and perpendicular (TE mode) to the cylinder axis, but from microtubules TE mode scattering was less than TM mode.
UN MODELO MOTIVACIONAL EXPLICATIVO DEL BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD (2009)

El propósito de este trabajo fue probar un modelo teórico explicativo del bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios donde se incorporaron distintas variables estudiadas desde la teoría de la autodeterminación. El modelo hipotetizó que existirá una relación causal entre las variables exógenas autoconcepto familiar, autoconcepto social y motivación intrínseca y la variable endógena bienestar psicológico. Los participantes fueron 234 estudiantes de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales apoyaron el modelo, mostrando que el autoconcepto social fue la variable que más explicó el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes universitarios.
Anionic Tungsten Carbonyl Complexes Containing Dithiocarboxylate, Dithiocarbamate, and Xanthate Ligands (2006)

The reaction of Et 4 N[W(CO) 5 Cl] with sodium dithiobenzoate, ethylxanthate, or various dithiocarbamates gave the corresponding salts Et 4 N[W(CO) 4 (SSCX)] (X = Ph, NEt 2 , N(H)t-Bu, NPh 2 , OEt) which contain the dithio ligand in a chelating bonding mode. Two of them (X = N(H)t-Bu, NPh 2 ) were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The tungsten atom resides in the center of a slightly distorted octahedron surrounded by a symmetrically bidentate planar dithio ligand and four CO groups. Reaction with PPh 3 or PMe 3 at elevated temperature gave the tricarbonyl complexes Et 4 N[W(CO) 3 (PR 3 )(SSCX)] and in one case a ring-opened addition product, Et 4 N[W(CO) 4 (PMe 3 )(SC(S)OEt)]. For two of them X-ray structure determinations were carried out. A comparison of the four structures shows that while the W-C bond length decreases progressively with increasing electron density at the tungsten atom, the W-S and W-P bond lengths remain essentially constant.
Long-term stabilized two beam combination laser system with amplifiers using the phase controlled stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirrors (2008)

The beam combination method using stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirrors is a promising technique for solid state lasers of high power/energy operating with high repetition rate. The key technology of this method is the phase control of the SBS waves. In the previous works, the principle of this phase control technique was demonstrated experimentally. As a next step, in this work, amplifiers have been added to the beam combination system. Inserting the amplifiers, a stabilized phase difference has been obtained with a fluctuation less than &lambda;/50 at 44 mJ total output energy and 10 Hz repetition rate.
Joint source/channel Chase-like decoding of entropy-encoded sources (2010)

International audience
Separation of bound and free carrier contributions to the refractive index change induced in II-VI semiconductors by femtosecond pulses (1992)

Time-resolved probe beam deflection and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) have both been used to determine the temporal evolution of the refractive index changes induced in ZnSe and CdS0.75Se0.25 single crystals at T=300 K by lambda =620 nm, 120 fs pulses with irradiances (I) up to 500 GW cm-2. Negative refractive index changes which follow the pump pulse profile are attributed to virtual electronic transitions and two-photon resonances, while two-photon-generated hot carriers and their cooling rate determine the magnitude and temporal evolution of the refractive index change for probe delays up to 4 ps. No further evolution is observed up to 100 ps unless I>30 GW cm-2, in which case the refractive index appears to recover on a 10 ps timescale following carrier relaxation: the possible role of a threshold dependent recombination process in this recovery is discussed.
High-voltage live tank circuit-breakers with composite insulators (2002)

The features of composite insulators using silicone rubber in high-voltage circuit-breakers are presented. The paper describes the design, testing and field experience with composite insulators over the past ten years. Composite insulators with silicone rubber sheds are well suited for use in high-voltage live tank circuit-breakers. Their performance is better than the traditionally known ceramic insulators, which have been verified by ample laboratory and field testing. Based on the considerations given above, composite insulators have the following features: increased safety; reduced handling damage risk; superior pollution performance; lower weight; excellent seismic performance; option for direct optic fibre incorporation.