gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric Extended Nanofluidic Channels for Room‐Temperature Microfuel Cells (2019)

Abstract Integration of fuel cells into microfluidic devices requires development of innovative proton conductors. Conventional Nafion membranes are incompatible with planar‐type microfluidic devices and require a high operation temperature of over 100 °C to achieve rapid proton transfer. In contrast, glass nanochannels (NCs) work as proton conductors even at room temperature and can be seamlessly integrated into microfluidic devices, which in turn makes microfuel cells (µFCs) attractive for a wide range of practical applications, such as power sources for ultrasmall autonomous electronics and chemo‐ or biosensors. However, the conductivity of NCs is limited by their small cross‐sectional area. It is revealed that spontaneous polarization of lithium niobite (LiNbO 3 ) used as the NC material enhances a surface charge of a SiO 2 layer formed on LiNbO 3 and induces a fast proton transfer in water in the NCs. It is demonstrated that a µFC containing the LiNbO 3 NCs demonstrates a proton diffusion coefficient that is 1.8 times higher than that of a reference device with bare glass NCs. In addition, such a µFC achieves a remarkable power output of up to ≈54 mW cm −2 at room temperature, which is 1.4 times higher than that of the similar device with bare glass NCs.
Impact of wind generation on load modeling of distribution network (2009)

Distributed resources (such as wind turbines) can provide power to local loads in the electrical distribution system as well as benefits such as improved reliability. As more wind energy is connected to utility systems, it becomes important to understand and manage the impact of wind generation on system operations. This paper studies the impact of wind generation on load modeling of distribution network based on MATLAB simulation tools and theory of measurement-based method. It is pointed out that the synthetic load of distribution network including wind generation can be described by the generalized composite load model of asynchronous machine in parallel with static load. In order to exactly reflect the influence of wind generation on composite load model, the value of proportion of dynamic load must be extended to any real number. The validity of this composite load model with any proportion of dynamic load is testified by modeling of three typical operation styles under different capacity proportions of wind generation and load level in this paper.
Margin status, local control, and disease‐specific survival in surgically resected parotid carcinomas with parapharyngeal extension (2021)

PPE does not appear to worsen oncologic outcomes in the resection of parotid carcinomas.
D-Cloud: Design of a Software Testing Environment for Reliable Distributed Systems Using Cloud Computing Technology (2010)

In this paper, we propose a software testing environment, called D-Cloud, using cloud computing technology and virtual machines with fault injection facility. Nevertheless, the importance of high dependability in a software system has recently increased, and exhaustive testing of software systems is becoming expensive and time-consuming, and, in many cases, sufficient software testing is not possible. In particular, it is often difficult to test parallel and distributed systems in the real world after deployment, although reliable systems, such as high-availability servers, are parallel and distributed systems. D-Cloud is a cloud system which manages virtual machines with fault injection facility. D-Cloud sets up a test environment on the cloud resources using a given system configuration file and executes several tests automatically according to a given scenario. In this scenario, D-Cloud enables fault tolerance testing by causing device faults by virtual machine. We have designed the D-Cloud system using Eucalyptus software and a description language for system configuration and the scenario of fault injection written in XML. We found that the D-Cloud system, which allows a user to easily set up and test a distributed system on the cloud and effectively reduces the cost and time of testing.
Psychophysiological correlates of parenting behavior in mothers of young children (2009)

This study investigated HPA and vagal functioning as correlates of parenting in mothers of 175 six-month-old children. Salivary cortisol indexed HPA functioning and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reduction indexed vagal regulation. Positive engagement and negative intrusiveness were observed during the Face-to-Face Still Face Paradigm (FFSFP) reunion and a semi-structured free play episode. Mixed modeling was used to examine differences in maternal behaviors across contexts as a function of psychophysiology. Main effects of cortisol levels, as well as interactions with RSA reduction and context, predicted negative intrusiveness. Mothers with high cortisol exhibited more negative intrusiveness if they also had lower RSA reduction. Mothers were also less negatively intrusive during the FFSFP than the free play if they had lower cortisol levels. There were no associations between psychophysiological measures and positive engagement. The findings suggest: (1) that parenting behaviors are associated with maternal stress physiology; (2) considerations of single physiological systems related to parenting behaviors may be incomplete; and (3) type and context of behaviors must be considered when examining biobehavioral associations with parenting.
Structure of Machining-work Element for Distributed Autonomous Production Control System (2002)

In Distributed Autonomous Production Control System (DAPCS), the structure of machining-work element, which needs for a process planning and an operation planning, has influences on a control ability of DAPCS, a processing time of process planning & operation planning of system-module and a communication load among system-modules. In order to examine the appropriate structure of machining-work element in DAPCS, we analyzed "control ability / processing time / communication load" by types of machining-work elements based on Machining feature, Tool or Machine. And we designed the concrete data structure of machining-work element and made the program for making the data of machining-work element from the solid model data of a product.
Design of General-Purpose Artificial Pattern Recognition Machines (2016)

This article will devise data-driven, mathematical laws that generate optimal, statistical classification systems which achieve minimum error rates for data distributions with unchanging statistics. Thereby, I will design learning machines that minimize the expected risk or probability of misclassification. I will devise a system of fundamental equations of binary classification for a classification system in statistical equilibrium. I will use this system of equations to formulate the problem of learning unknown, linear and quadratic discriminant functions from data as a locus problem, thereby formulating geometric locus methods within a statistical framework. Solving locus problems involves finding equations of curves or surfaces defined by given properties and finding graphs or loci of given equations. I will devise three systems of data-driven, locus equations that generate optimal, statistical classification systems. Each class of learning machines satisfies fundamental statistical laws for a classification system in statistical equilibrium. Thereby, I will formulate three classes of learning machines that are scalable modules for optimal, statistical pattern recognition systems, all of which are capable of performing a wide variety of statistical pattern recognition tasks, where any given M-class statistical pattern recognition system exhibits optimal generalization performance for an M-class feature space.
A 64 Å Ne-like Ge X-ray laser resonantly photo-pumped by Ly-α Mg radiation (1994)

A new laboratory X-ray laser is proposed which lases between single electron holes involving several 2s→2p transitions between 64 and 89 Å in neon-like germanium and which is photo-pumped by a 2p→1s emission line in hydrogen-like magnesium. The bar over the 2s and 2p states represents a single electron hole in an otherwise closed L shell configuration. The lasing occurs with quantum efficiencies as high as 13% on these inner shell transitions. Lasing is also enhanced on several 3p→3s transitions in Ne-like Ge which would be expected to lase from collisional excitations and recombination processes, therefore it should be much easier to observe the photo-pumping process on these longer wavelength transitions as it will increase an already finite exponential gain. Calculations of the gain of these transitions in steady-state equilibrium plasmas are presented.
Genome-wide model for the normal eukaryotic DNA replication fork (2010)

To investigate DNA replication enzymology across the nuclear genome of budding yeast, deep sequencing was used to establish the pattern of uncorrected replication errors generated by an asymmetric mutator variant of DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ). Sequencing of 16 genomes identified 1,206-bp substitutions generated over 33 generations by L612M Pol δ in a mismatch repair defective strain. Alignment of sequences flanking these substitutions identified "hotspot" motifs for Pol δ replication errors. The substitutions were distributed evenly across all 16 chromosomes. The vast majority were transitions that occurred with a strand bias that varied in a predictable manner relative to known functional origins of replication. This strand bias strongly supports the idea that Pol δ is primarily a lagging strand polymerase during replication across the entire nuclear genome.
Development of an experimental model of infected skin ulcer (2004)

A model of infected skin ulceration could prove useful in assessing the clinical effectiveness of antimicrobial ointments and dressings. However, no such models have been previously established. Three types of wound were induced in rats: full-thickness wounds covered with gauze, burn wounds and wounds resulting from mechanical trauma. Wounds were inoculated with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. Persistent infected wounds were observed only in full-thickness wounds covered with gauze. In a second experiment, colonies of P. aeruginosa or S. aureus were counted within 15 x 15 mm full-thickness wounds covered with gauze. Wounds were inoculated with 1.0 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of P. aeruginosa or S. aureus and then sealed to ensure an enclosed environment. Tissue bacterial counts exceeded 10(6) CFU/g from the next day until day 9 after infection. Bacterial counts exceeded 10(8) CFU/ml in wound exudate collected between days 1 and 7. We have developed a model of wound infection in which persistence of infection can be achieved for 9 days following ulceration due to the application of gauze to the base of a full-thickness wound.
Inverse Thermoreversible Mechanical Stiffening and Birefringence in a Methylcellulose/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogel (2018)

We show that composite hydrogels comprising methyl cellulose (MC) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) colloidal rods display a reversible and enhanced rheological storage modulus and optical birefringence upon heating, i.e., inverse thermoreversibility. Dynamic rheology, quantitative polarized optical microscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were used for characterization. The concentration of CNCs in aqueous media was varied up to 3.5 wt % (i.e, keeping the concentration below the critical aq concentration) while maintaining the MC aq concentration at 1.0 wt %. At 20 degrees C, MC/CNC underwent gelation upon passing the CNC concentration of 1.5 wt %. At this point, the storage modulus (G') reached a plateau, and the birefringence underwent a stepwise increase, thus suggesting a percolative phenomenon. The storage modulus (G') of the composite gels was an order of magnitude higher at 60 degrees C compared to that at 20 degrees C. ITC results suggested that, at 60 degrees C, the CNC rods were entropically driven to interact with MC chains, which according to recent studies collapse at this temperature into ring-like, colloidal-scale persistent fibrils with hollow cross-sections. Consequently, the tendency of the MC to form more persistent aggregates promotes the interactions between the CNC chiral aggregates towards enhanced storage modulus and birefringence. At room temperature, ITC shows enthalpic binding between CNCs and MC with the latter comprising aqueous, molecularly dispersed polymer chains that lead to looser and less birefringent material. TEM, SEM, and CD indicate CNC chiral fragments within a MC/CNC composite gel. Thus, MC/CNC hybrid networks offer materials with tunable rheological properties and access to liquid crystalline properties at low CNC concentrations.
Changes in cis‐zeatin and cis‐zeatin riboside levels and biological activity during potato tuber dormancy (2000)

The effects of postharvest storage duration and temperature on endogenous cis ‐zeatin ( cis ‐Z) and cis ‐zeatin riboside ( cis ‐ZR) levels in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were determined in relation to tuber bud dormancy. The tubers used in these studies were completely dormant for at least 81 days of storage. Thereafter, tuber bud dormancy diminished gradually and after 165 days of postharvest storage, the tubers were completely non‐dormant. Immediately after harvest, endogenous levels of cis‐ Z and cis ‐ZR were approximately 25 pmol (g fresh weight) −1 and 8 pmol (g fresh weight) −1 , respectively. In tubers exiting dormancy but stored at a growth‐inhibiting temperature (3°C), endogenous levels of cis ‐Z rose over threefold after 25 days of storage and remained elevated for the duration of the study. Levels of cis ‐ZR remained essentially constant during this same period. In tubers transferred to a growth permissive temperature (20°C) prior to use, the rise in endogenous cis ‐Z was less dramatic and more protracted; increasing twofold after 53 days of storage. No change in cis ‐Z riboside content was observed in these tubers during this period. Dose‐response studies using either cis ‐Z or trans ‐Z demonstrated a time‐dependent increase in cytokinin sensitivity during postharvest storage. Immediately after harvest, dormant tubers were insensitive to both zeatin isomers. Thereafter, tubers exhibited a dose‐dependent increase in premature sprouting following injection with either cytokinin isomer. After injection into dormant tubers, cis ‐[8‐ 14 C]‐zeatin was metabolized primarily to adenine/adenosine and cis ‐Z riboside. Seven days after injection, less than 10% of the recovered radioactivity was associated with trans ‐ZR. These results are consistent with a role for endogenous cis ‐Z (and its derivatives) in the regulation of potato tuber dormancy.
Diacritization as a machine translation problem and as a sequence labeling problem (2008)

In this paper we describe and compare two techniques for the automatic diacritization of Arabic text: First, we treat diacritization as a monotone machine translation problem, proposing and evaluating several translation and language models, including word and character-based models separately and combined as well as a model which uses statistical machine translation (SMT) to post-edit a rule-based diacritization system. Then we explore a more traditional view of diacritization as a sequence labeling problem, and propose a solution using conditional random fields (Lafferty et al., 2001). All these techniques are compared through word error rate and diacritization error rate both in terms of full diacritization and ignoring vowel endings. The empirical experiments showed that the machine translation approaches perform better than the sequence labeling approaches concerning the error rates.
Gradual Rewarming with Gradual Increase in Pressure during Machine Perfusion after Cold Static Preservation Reduces Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (2015)

In this study we evaluated whether gradual rewarming after the period of cold ischemia would improve organ quality in an Isolated Perfused Kidney Model. Left rat kidneys were statically cold stored in University of Wisconsin solution for 24 hours at 4°C. After cold storage kidneys were rewarmed in one of three ways: perfusion at body temperature (38°C), or rewarmed gradually from 10°C to 38°C with stabilization at 10°C for 30 min and rewarmed gradually from 10°C to 38°C with stabilization at 25°C for 30 min. In the gradual rewarming groups the pressure was increased stepwise to 40 mmHg at 10°C and 70 mmHg at 25°C to counteract for vasodilatation leading to low perfusate flows. Renal function parameters and injury biomarkers were measured in perfusate and urine samples. Increases in injury biomarkers such as aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in the perfusate were lower in the gradual rewarming groups versus the control group. Sodium re-absorption was improved in the gradual rewarming groups and reached significance in the 25°C group after ninety minutes of perfusion. HSP-70, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 mRNA expressions were decreased in the 10°C and 25°C groups. Based on the data kidneys that underwent gradual rewarming suffered less renal parenchymal, tubular injury and showed better endothelial preservation. Renal function improved in the gradual rewarming groups versus the control group.
Multicentre evaluation of the Tosoh HbA1c G8 analyser (2009)

With respect to reproducibility, chromatographic resolution, speed of analysis and identification of Hb variants, the Tosoh G8 analyser can be considered to be state of the art.
Overview of Ceramic Materials, Design, and Application (2015)

Abstract Engineering ceramics possess unique combinations of physical, chemical, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Consequently, many exciting new applications for the ceramic materials have emerged over the past several decades. Among the major commercial applications for these materials are: passive electronics; optronics/photonics; piezoceramics; mechanical; biomaterials; refractories; electrochemical and transparencies. This chapter provides a brief overview of how ceramics are processed and the ramifications of processing on properties. Next, a short discussion of the special issues that one encounters in mechanical design with brittle materials is presented. The chapter reviews several of the engineering applications of ceramics and glasses, which discuss some of the specific combinations of properties that have led design engineers to the selected material(s), follow. It provides how to obtain information on materials sources. Future growth in advanced ceramics utilization will be driven by organic growth in many existing applications and by expansion into new ones.
Expression of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Neovascularized Tissue (2000)

Objective: Recent studies indicate that endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels are activated and exhibit a distinct phenotype that may influence the responses of these microvessels to an inflammatory stimulus. The objective of this study was to compare the basal and cytokine-stimulated expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in neovascularized tissue to normal (nonproliferating) vascular beds. Methods: The expression of P- and E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and PECAM-1 was measured, using the dual radiolabeled mAb technique, in subcutaneously implanted (for 10–15 days) polyurethane sponges, skin, heart, lung, and intestine of male C57BL/6 mice (background). Results: Basal values of PECAM-1 and ICAM-2 revealed a low vascular density in the implanted sponge matrices that is comparable to skin. When normalized for vascular surface area (PECAM-1 or ICAM-1 expression), the basal level of E- and P-selectin expression was highest in neovascularized sponge and skin. TNF-α elicited an increased expression of all endothelial CAMs, except PECAM-1 and ICAM-2, but the responses were blunted in sponge and skin, relative to other vascular beds. Conclusions: These findings indicate that endothelial cells in newly formed blood vessels exhibit a pattern of basal and cytokine-induced expression of certain adhesion glycoproteins that is similar to nonproliferating cutaneous vessels.
The size matters: regulation of lipid storage by lipid droplet dynamics (2016)

Adequate energy storage is essential for sustaining healthy life. Lipid droplet (LD) is the subcellular organelle that stores energy in the form of neutral lipids and releases fatty acids under energy deficient conditions. Energy storage capacity of LDs is primarily dependent on the sizes of LDs. Enlargement and growth of LDs is controlled by two molecular pathways: neutral lipid synthesis and atypical LD fusion. Shrinkage of LDs is mediated by the degradation of neutral lipids under energy demanding conditions and is controlled by neutral cytosolic lipases and lysosomal acidic lipases. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms that control the sizes and the energy storage capacity of LDs.
Heavy ion irradiation of thin gate oxides (2000)

We have studied the gate leakage current after heavy ion irradiation of MOS capacitors with thin gate oxides. In 3-nm and 4-nm oxides radiation-induced soft breakdown (RSB) occurs even after ion fluences as small as 100 ion hits on the device surface. The RSB conductive paths likely reproduce the ion hit distribution: some of them can drive a substantial fraction of the whole gate leakage current. The bias applied during irradiation enhances the RSB current intensity but no critical field exists to ignite the RSB, which is observed also under flat-band. The irradiated 3-nm oxides show smaller current variations and random telegraph signal (RTS) noise than the 4-nm oxides, owing to the higher current driven in fresh devices by direct tunneling conduction. The RTS noise increases with the radiation dose; it can be described successfully neither by a Levy nor by a Gaussian distribution. In 6.5-nm and 10-mn thick oxides the defect clusters generated by heavy ion irradiation can produce RSB and RILC (radiation induced leakage current), which have not been observed after low LET irradiation or electrical stresses.
Rapid mixing for the hardcore Glauber dynamics and other Markov chains\n in bounded-treewidth graphs (2021)

We give a new rapid mixing result for a natural random walk on the\nindependent sets of a graph $G$. We show that when $G$ has bounded treewidth,\nthis random walk -- known as the Glauber dynamics for the hardcore model --\nmixes rapidly for all fixed values of the standard parameter $\\lambda &gt; 0$,\ngiving a simple alternative to existing sampling algorithms for these\nstructures. We also show rapid mixing for analogous Markov chains on dominating\nsets, $b$-edge covers, $b$-matchings, maximal independent sets, and maximal\n$b$-matchings. (For $b$-matchings, maximal independent sets, and maximal\n$b$-matchings we also require bounded degree.) Our results imply simpler\nalternatives to known algorithms for the sampling and approximate counting\nproblems in these graphs. We prove our results by applying a divide-and-conquer\nframework we developed in a previous paper, as an alternative to the\nprojection-restriction technique introduced by Jerrum, Son, Tetali, and Vigoda.\nWe extend this prior framework to handle chains for which the application of\nthat framework is not straightforward, strengthening existing results by Dyer,\nGoldberg, and Jerrum and by Heinrich for the Glauber dynamics on $q$-colorings\nof graphs of bounded treewidth and bounded degree.\n