gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 001: Quantity and Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease (2013)

Epidemiological data have consistently documented a protective effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Consequently, dietary guidelines recommend increasing fruit and vegetable intake and, most recently, have also suggested increasing variety. Our objective was to examine the independent roles of quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake in relation to incident CHD. We prospectively observed 71,157 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1984-2008) and 39,752 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986-2008) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer at baseline. We documented 2585 incident CHD cases in women during 24 years of follow-up and 3408 cases in men during 22 years of follow-up. Diet was assessed using a standardized and validated questionnaire and updated every 4 years. Variety was defined as the number of unique fruits and vegetables consumed at least once per week. To account for minor differences in the number of fruit and vegetable items administered at each follow-up cycle, we standardized our variety score to 30 (11 for fruit score and 19 for vegetable score). Potatoes, soy, or other legumes were not included in our analyses. Because the AHA does not consider fruit juice to be equivalent to whole fruit, fruit juice was also not included in our analyses. Quantity (servings/day) and variety in fruit and vegetable intake were correlated (r=0.68, P&lt;0.0001). We, therefore, regressed variety on quantity to assess their independent effects on CHD risk. In multivariable analyses, after adjusting for dietary and non-dietary covariates, those in the highest fifth of fruit and vegetable intake (median intake=7.80 servings/day) had a 13% lower risk (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.95) of CHD compared to those in the lowest fifth (median intake=2.14 servings/day). Conversely, quantity-adjusted variety was not associated with CHD risk (RR for highest fifth compared to lowest fifth=1.04, 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.19). Further, within each category of quantity, higher variety was not associated with CHD risk. Our data suggest that absolute quantity, rather than variety, in fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a significantly lower risk of CHD. Future work should examine the role of variety in reducing biological markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Meanwhile, policy efforts should continue to focus on increasing overall fruit and vegetable intake.
Ethene/Norbornene Copolymerization with Palladium(II) α‐Diimine Catalysts: From Ligand Screening to Discrete Catalyst Species (2003)

Sixteen palladium(II) alpha-diimine catalysts were investigated in a screening-like procedure for the copolymerization of ethene with norbornene. The resulting copolymers were characterized by (13)C NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and viscosimetry. The degree of incorporation of norbornene in the polymer chain is very high for most of the catalysts. To validate the results achieved in the screening, two catalysts, [[ArN=CHCH=NAr]Pd(Me)(CH(3)CN)]BAr(f) (4) (1 b'; Ar=2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3), BAr(f) (4)=B[3,5-C(6)H(3)(CF(3))(2)](4)) and [[ArN=C(CH(3))C(CH(3))=NAr]Pd(Me)(CH(3)CN)]BAr(f) (4) (2 c'; Ar=2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)), were synthesized as discrete catalytically active species, and their copolymerization behavior was investigated in detail. In agreement with the screening results, 1 b' incorporates norbornene much better in the polymer chain than ethene, a property that has no analogue in metallocene catalysts.
Costs and benefits from human resources studies (1976)

Abstract The paper outlines an approach to cost-benefit analysis for ergonomics. Two complementary measures are proposed, one for performance changes and one for attitude modifications. An example of the selection procedure for isolating the variables to be measured is then presented, followed by a report of a deeper investigation into one of the variables, which provides an example of how each of the variables, with its interacting influences, is to be explored.
Nitro End Groups: Remarkable Vibrational Reporters for Charge Transfer in the Excited States of Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)-Bridged Donor–Acceptor Dyads (2020)

The D−π–A dyads [(n-Hex)₂N(1,4-C₆H₄)]C≡C[(1,4-C₆H₄)NO₂] (1) and [(n-Hex)₂N(1,4-C₆H₄)]C≡C(1,4-C₆H₄)C≡C[(1,4-C₆H₄)NO₂] (2) have been studied by ultrafast time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy. After excitation into their singlet charge-transfer (¹CT) state, a fast decay (ca. 6 ps for 1 and 1 ps for 2) of the initially populated singlet state into a ground state (major pathway) and a longer lived excited state (possibly the triplet state) is observed. The nitro and alkyne groups were used as vibrational reporters to probe the changes induced by the charge-transfer process. For the first time, we confirm experimentally that these changes are consistent with expectations based on the traditional valence-bond representations of the CT states of these push–pull chromophores. An almost identical charge transfer takes place in the two dyads, despite π-bridges of different lengths between the donor and acceptor groups. Complementary DFT calculations support the experimental assignments and have helped clarify the photophysical behavior of 1 and 2.
Dysfunctional Adiposity and the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adults (2012)

Excess visceral fat and insulin resistance, but not general adiposity, were independently associated with incident prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese adults.
Cochlear waves: interaction between theory and experiments (1974)

Review of past experimental and theoretical research leads to a statement of the mechanism producing the vibration maximum in the cochlea. It is shown that theoretically calculated propagation times of cochlear waves agree with the empirical data. The waves have a frequency-independent propagation velocity between the stapes and the vicinity of the vibration maximum. This means that they must be considered as “long waves” in this part of the cochlea. On the basis of the theoretically derived and experimentally confirmed resistive input impedance of the cochlea, a sound pattern is devised for an analytical investigation of auditory nerve responses. Application of the pattern reveals that single units of the nerve respond to both velocity and displacement of the basilar membrane. Motion or displacement toward scala tympani produces excitation, motion, or displacement toward scala vestibuli, inhibition. These results indicate that both inner and outer hair cells excite the same nerve fibers.
Continuity/Isolation Checker (1984)

Buzzer indicates very high or very low resistance between probes. Instrument checks for either continuity or isolation between two points in electrical circuit.
Bazı At Dişi Mısır Çeşitlerinin Harran Ovası İkinci Ürün Koşullarına Adaptasyonu (2014)

Denemeler bazı at dişi mısır çeşitlerinin Harran ovası ikinci ürün koşullarında performanslarını incelemek amacıyla 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında Haran ovasında yürütülmüştür. Denemelerde bitkisel materyal olarak 15 adet at dişi mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; tane verimi, çiçeklenme süresi, bitki boyu, ilk koçan yüksekliği, hasatta tane nemi, tane/koçan oranı incelenmiştir. Tane verimi 2008 yılında 1173.75 (Rx 770) ile 1429.00 (ALPAGA) kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Tane verimi 2009 yılında 797.25 (ALINEA) ile 1107.00 (DKC 6120) kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak Harran ovası ikinci ürün koşulları için DKC 6120 çeşidi tavsiye edilebilir.
Murine transfer factor. III. Specific interactions between transfer factor and antigen. (1985)

The interactions between dialyzable transfer factor and antigens have been studied. Incubation of transfer factor-containing dialysates from ferritin-sensitized mice or ferritin-coated plastic surfaces removed the antigen-sensitizing activity; incubations of the same preparations on cytochrome c-coated surfaces did not. Similar results were obtained when cytochrome c-transfer factor was studied. Incubation on cytochrome c-coated surfaces removed the activity, but incubation on ferritin-coated surfaces did not. Specific transfer factor activities could be recovered by elution with 8 M urea or acetonitrile. The finding of interactions between transfer factor and antigens provides evidence for a molecular basis of the specificity of the immunologic effects of transfer factor. This technique may also enable us to obtain amounts of specific material that are adequate for chemical analysis.
Is there a genetic relationship between alcoholism and depression? (2002)

The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) seeks to identify genes contributing to alcoholism and related traits (i.e., phenotypes), including depression. Among alcoholic subjects the COGA study found an increased prevalence of depressive syndrome (i.e., depression that may or may not occur in conjunction with increased drinking). This combination of alcoholism and depression tends to run in families. Comorbid alcoholism and depression occurred substantially more often in first-degree relatives of COGA participants with alcoholism than in relatives of control participants. Based on these data, COGA investigators defined three phenotypes--"alcoholism," "alcoholism and depression," and "alcoholism or depression"--and analyzed whether these phenotypes were linked to specific chromosomal regions. These analyses found that the "alcoholism or depression" phenotype showed significant evidence for genetic linkage to an area on chromosome 1. This suggests that a gene or genes on chromosome 1 may predispose some people to alcoholism and others to depression (which may be alcohol induced).
Analysis of direct and indirect adaptive linear equalization for slowly varying channels (2003)

The coefficients of an equalizer can be adjusted to track the underlying channel variations either directly, or indirectly where the channel is first estimated, and the equalizer is then computed based on the channel estimate. In this paper, the performance of direct and indirect linear adaptive equalizers for slowly-varying channels with autoregressive (AR) coefficients is investigated. Explicit expressions are derived which characterize the performance of the equalizers. The results indicate that the indirect equalizer outperforms the direct equalizer. Simulations are conducted to verify the analytic results.
The Binding of Organic Ions by Proteins. Effect of Temperature (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Binding of Organic Ions by Proteins. Effect of TemperatureIrving M. Klotz and Jean M. UrquhartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 847–851Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen Isotope Effects in the Alkaline Cleavage of Triorganosilanes1 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Isotope Effects in the Alkaline Cleavage of Triorganosilanes1Louis Kaplan and K. E. WilzbachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 5, 1297–1302Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01610a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01610a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Learning Theoretic Approach to Energy Harvesting Communication System Optimization (2013)

A point-to-point wireless communication system in which the transmitter is equipped with an energy harvesting device and a rechargeable battery, is studied. Both the energy and the data arrivals at the transmitter are modeled as Markov processes. Delay-limited communication is considered assuming that the underlying channel is block fading with memory, and the instantaneous channel state information is available at both the transmitter and the receiver. The expected total transmitted data during the transmitter's activation time is maximized under three different sets of assumptions regarding the information available at the transmitter about the underlying stochastic processes. A learning theoretic approach is introduced, which does not assume any a priori information on the Markov processes governing the communication system. In addition, online and offline optimization problems are studied for the same setting. Full statistical knowledge and causal information on the realizations of the underlying stochastic processes are assumed in the online optimization problem, while the offline optimization problem assumes non-causal knowledge of the realizations in advance. Comparing the optimal solutions in all three frameworks, the performance loss due to the lack of the transmitter's information regarding the behaviors of the underlying Markov processes is quantified.
Retrospective four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with image-based respiratory surrogate: a sagittal–coronal–diaphragm point of intersection motion tracking method (2017)

A four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4-D-MRI) technique with Sagittal-Coronal-Diaphragm Point-of-Intersection (SCD-PoI) as a respiratory surrogate is proposed. To develop an image-based respiratory surrogate, the SCD-PoI motion tracking method is used for retrospective 4-D-MRI reconstruction. Single-slice sagittal MR cine was acquired at a location near the center of the diaphragmatic dome. Multiple-slice coronal MR cines were acquired for 4-D-MRI reconstruction. As a motion surrogate, the diaphragm motion was measured from the PoI among the sagittal MRI cine plane, coronal MRI cine planes, and the diaphragm surface. These points were defined as the SCD-PoI. This point is used as a one-dimensional diaphragmatic navigator in our study. The 4-D-MRI technique was evaluated on a 4-D digital extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) human phantom, a motion phantom, and seven human subjects (five healthy volunteers and two cancer patients). Motion trajectories of a selected region of interest were measured on 4-D-MRI and compared with the known XCAT motion that served as references. The mean absolute amplitude difference ([Formula: see text]) and the cross-correlation coefficient (CC) of the comparisons were determined. 4-D-MRI of the XCAT phantom demonstrated highly accurate motion information ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Motion trajectories of the motion phantom measured on 4-D-MRI matched well with the references ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). 4-D-MRI of human subjects showed minimal artifacts and clearly revealed the respiratory motion of organs and tumor (mean [Formula: see text]; mean [Formula: see text]). A 4-D-MRI technique with image-based respiratory surrogate has been developed and tested on phantoms and human subjects.
Computer automated data acquisition and control for measurement of scintillation materials and scintillating fibers (1990)

Scintillation materials and scintillating fibers being developed for potential use as tracking detectors at the SCC (Superconducting Super Collider) are discussed. These fibers will need high scintillation efficiency, short decay time constants, and good transmission characteristics. The authors discuss the combined use of the Apple Macintosh family of microcomputers and custom-built and commercially available hardware and software used at Notre Dame to aid in determining suitable materials and production characteristics for long scintillating fibers or capillaries. This system includes the use of a Hitachi model F-2000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, LeCroy 3001 qVt multichannel analyzer, LeCroy 8901A CAMAC to GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) interface, LeCroy 4604 scaler, and a Centent CN0170 microstepping motor controller. The software for the system, written primarily in Microsoft QuickBASIC, is discussed in detail. The potential use of a DigiKrom 240 monochromater for understanding attenuation as a function of wavelength and for reflection coefficient measurements is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of the FGHI Ring System of Azaspiracid (2001)

Lebensmittelvergiftungen verursacht Azaspiracid 1, ein kürzlich aus der Miesmuschel Mytilus edulis isoliertes Toxin, doch der Wirkmechanismus ist noch unklar. Grund genug, 1 für biologische Untersuchungen durch chemische Synthese zur Verfügung zu stellen. Vorgestellt wird der diastereoselektive Aufbau der FGHI-Einheit; dabei wurde der HI-Spirocyclus durch BF3⋅Et2O-katalysierten Ringschluss erhalten und der G-Ring durch Ketalisierung mittels Hg(OAc)2.
A Chitosan Based, Laser Activated Thin Film Surgical Adhesive, 'SurgiLux': Preparation and Demonstration (2012)

Sutures are a 4,000 year old technology that remain the 'gold-standard' for wound closure by virtue of their repair strength (~100 KPa). However, sutures can act as a nidus for infection and in many procedures are unable to effect wound repair or interfere with functional tissue regeneration.(1) Surgical glues and adhesives, such as those based on fibrin and cyanoacrylates, have been developed as alternatives to sutures for the repair of such wounds. However, current commercial adhesives also have significant disadvantages, ranging from viral and prion transfer and a lack of repair strength as with the fibrin glues, to tissue toxicity and a lack of biocompatibility for the cyanoacrylate based adhesives. Furthermore, currently available surgical adhesives tend to be gel-based and can have extended curing times which limit their application.(2) Similarly, the use of UV lasers to facilitate cross-linking mechanisms in protein-based or albumin 'solders' can lead to DNA damage while laser tissue welding (LTW) predisposes thermal damage to tissues.(3) Despite their disadvantages, adhesives and LTW have captured approximately 30% of the wound closure market reported to be in excess of US $5 billion per annum, a significant testament to the need for sutureless technology.(4) In the pursuit of sutureless technology we have utilized chitosan as a biomaterial for the development of a flexible, thin film, laser-activated surgical adhesive termed 'SurgiLux'. This novel bioadhesive uses a unique combination of biomaterials and photonics that are FDA approved and successfully used in a variety of biomedical applications and products. SurgiLux overcomes all the disadvantages associated with sutures and current surgical adhesives (see Table 1). In this presentation we report the relatively simple protocol for the fabrication of SurgiLux and demonstrate its laser activation and tissue weld strength. SurgiLux films adhere to collagenous tissue without chemical modification such as cross-linking and through irradiation using a comparatively low-powered (120 mW) infrared laser instead of UV light. Chitosan films have a natural but weak adhesive attraction to collagen (~3 KPa), laser activation of the chitosan based SurgiLux films emphasizes the strength of this adhesion through polymer chain interactions as a consequence of transient thermal expansion.(5) Without this 'activation' process, SurgiLux films are readily removed.(6-9) SurgiLux has been tested both in vitro and in vivo on a variety of tissues including nerve, intestine, dura mater and cornea. In all cases it demonstrated good biocompatibility and negligible thermal damage as a consequence of irradiation.(6-10).
Scattering of acoustical waves by a hard strip and outlier phenomenon (2017)

An outlier is an observation (or measurement) that is different with respect to the other values contained in a given data set. Outliers can occur due to several causes. The measurement can be incorrectly observed, recorded or processed or otherwise is correctly measured but represents a rare event. In this paper it is shown that observed data can contain values that differ from expected ones and can be interpreted as an outlier but in reality are caused by a specific physical phenomenon.
Stereoselective, Base-Induced Formation of Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanones and Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanols From the Products of Conjugate Addition of Lithiated Allylic Sulfoxides and Phosphine Oxides to Cyclopent-2-enone (1989)

Treatment of the neutral cyclopentanone adducts derived from the conjugate addition of each of lithiated 3-methylbut-2-enyl phenyl sulfoxide, (E)- and (Z)-but-2-enyldiphenylphosphine oxide to cyclopentenone with potassium t-butoxide results in intramolecular conjugate addition of the enolate arising from deprotonation at C5 of the cyclopentanone with the vinyl sulfoxide or phosphine oxide in the side chain togenerate bicyclo[2.2.l]heptanones in good yields. The use of an excess of lithium diisopropylamide at low temperature on the other hand results in kinetic deprotonation of the vinylic sulfoxide or phosphine oxide, and intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the resulting vinylic anions to the carbonyl groups in the respective adducts to generate bicyclo[3.2.l]octanols in acceptable yields. Application of the latter reaction to the lactone adduct of lithiated 3-methylbut-2-enyl phenyl sulfoxide and crotonolactone results in ring opening of the lactone to give a 2-(phenylsulfinyl)cyclohex-2-enone.