gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Gap-Filling Radars in Mountainous Regions to Complement a National Radar Network: Improvements in Multiple-Doppler Wind Syntheses (2013)

Abstract The existing French Application Radar à la Météorologie Infrasynoptique (ARAMIS) operational radar network covers a vast majority of the country of France, yet like many national networks, gaps in coverage are present in regions of mountainous and high terrain. Many of these areas are prone to extreme, orography-induced precipitation events, and therefore expansion of national radar networks into these regions is very important. The addition of small X-band radars, strategically placed to supplement the ARAMIS network, is discussed with emphasis on the ability to expand three-dimensional wind and reflectivity field retrieval. This expanded coverage is particularly important for terrain-related precipitation in the southern Alps. Successful dual- and multiple-Doppler syntheses were conducted using the existing ARAMIS network and two new radars located in mountainous terrain, installed within the context of the Risques Hydrométéorologiques en Territoires de Montagnes et Mediterranéens (RHYTMME) program. To illustrate the coverage and advantage that gap-filling radars can add to an existing national radar network, two case studies are presented, with multiple-Doppler syntheses revealing that terrain relief and low-level atmospheric stability influence the resulting wind field. In addition to the added coverage, the RHYTMME gap-filling radars improve wind-flow retrieval and the accuracy of reflectivity measurements over extreme southeast France and into the Mediterranean Sea.
Inhibition of RNA and protein syntheses makes non‐differentiating mouse myeloid leukemia cells sensitive to a factor(s) stimulating differentiation (1977)

Treatment with ascitic fluid from animals bearing various tumors, can induce mouse myeloid leukemia line cells, M1, to differentiate in vitro into macrophages and granulocytes. Cells were isolated that were resistant to the ascitic fluid factor(s) stimulating differentiation (D-factor). The resistant cells became sensitive to the D-factor and differentiated after treatment with various inhibitors of RNA synthesis (actinomycin D, nogalamycin, chromomycin A3 or cordycepin) or protein synthesis (puromycin or cycloheximide). The cells could not be induced to differentiate by treatment with the inhibitors alone. The effective doses of the inhibitors of protein synthesis were toxic to the cells. Among these inhibitors actinomycin D (5 ng/ml) was the most effective for sensitizing the resistant cells. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis did not sensitize the resistant cells. Added actinomcyin D was mainly recovered in the nuclear fraction of the cells. The sensitizing effect of actinomycin D on the cells was roughly parallel to the extent of its inhibition of RNA synthesis in the cells. The effective concentration of actinomycin D (5 ng/ml) mainly inhibited it also inhibited alpha-amanitin-resistant RNA synthesis to some extent. These results suggest that alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA synthesis may be involved in sensitization of the resistant cells to the D-factor.
Two-handed Mask Ventilation of the Difficult Airway by a Single Individual (1998)

Staff Anesthesiologists (Benyamin, Wafai); Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology (Salem); Research Associate (Joseph), Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.When an anesthetized, paralyzed patient cannot be intubated, gas exchange becomes dependent on the effectiveness of mask ventilation. [1]Benumof stressed that a best attempt at mask ventilation should be made before abandoning the technique. [1]Because better mask seal, jaw thrust, and tidal volume can be achieved with two persons versus one person, he defined an optimal best attempt at mask ventilation as a two-person effort using appropriately sized oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. [1–3]Depending on the level of training, the second person can either perform jaw thrust or squeeze the reservoir bag. [1]Unfortunately, when unanticipated difficult airway is encountered, a second person knowledgeable in airway management is not always available. Thus, a lone anesthesiologist may be faced with a situation where optimal-best attempt at conventional mask ventilation is urgently needed.We herein report a simple technique that renders optimal-best attempt at conventional mask ventilation possible by one person. Rather than squeezing the reservoir bag, the ventilator is used to deliver the required tidal volume and respiratory rate. This allows the lone anesthesiologist to perform two-handed jaw thrust, while applying a better mask seal. Obviously this technique cannot be performed when no ventilator is present, but it can certainly be used in the operating rooms and delivery suites where ventilators are typically available. The use of the ventilator for mask ventilation is by no means new. It has been used in studying the efficacy of bag-and-mask ventilation in children. [4]Alternatives to the use of the ventilator by the lone anesthesiologist include squeezing the reservoir bag between the knees, under the axilla, or under the foot. These maneuvers, however, require a reservoir bag connected by a long corrugated hose.Currently, “one-person, two-handed mask ventilation” is being taught to our resident staff as part of their training in airway management in patients undergoing elective procedures. Familiarity with one person, two-handed mask ventilation should enable anesthesiologists to use this technique when difficult intubation is encountered and help is unavailable.Ramsin M. Benyamin, M.D.Yaser Wafai, M.D.Staff AnesthesiologistsM. Ramez Salem, M.D.Chairman; Department of AnesthesiologyNinos J. Joseph, B.S.Research Associate; Illinois Masonic Medical Center; Chicago, Illinois(Accepted for publication December 3, 1997.)
Stray Flux-Based Incipient Stage Bearing Fault Detection for Induction Machines via Noise Cancellation Techniques (2020)

External flux-based monitoring offers easier installation and lower cost than current-based monitoring and the conventional vibration-based monitoring. Detection of bearing generalized roughness is realized in this paper via external flux-based monitoring. To increase the fault signature signal to noise ratio (SNR), the Wiener filter-based noise cancellation technique previously proved valid for current-based monitoring is refined and applied. A process is added to optimize the timing of prediction for lower randomness of prediction error. A series of experiments are conducted on a 7.5-horsepower induction motor with incipient bearing fault generated via the electrolytic corrosion method. Both axial and radial flux are tested with the noise cancellation technique and compared with stator current and vibration signals. The experimental results show that it is possible to detect the incipient bearing fault with noise-cancelled stray flux signal.
Intrinsic Noise Properties of Atomic Point Contact Displacement Detectors (2007)

We measure the noise added by an atomic point contact operated as a displacement detector. With a microwave technique, we increase the measurement speed of atomic point contacts by a factor of 500. The measurement is then fast enough to detect the resonant motion of a nanomechanical beam at frequencies up to 60 MHz and sensitive enough to observe the random thermal motion of the beam at 250 mK. We demonstrate a shot-noise limited imprecision of 2.3 fm/square root[Hz] and observe a 78 aN/square root[Hz] backaction force, yielding a total uncertainty in the beam's displacement that is 42 times the standard-quantum limit.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 2‐Phenyl‐3‐nitro‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1‐benzopyrans. (1986)

Abstract Selektive Boranat‐Reduktion der aus den Salicylaldehyden (I) und den β‐Nitrostyrolen (II) hergestellten 3‐Nitrochromene (III) liefert die Nitrochromane (IV).
Joint Compression and Demosaicking For Satellite Images (2023)

Image sensors used in real camera systems are equipped with colour filter arrays which sample the light rays in different spectral bands. Each colour channel can thus be obtained sep-arately by considering the corresponding colour filter. While existing compression solutions mostly assume that the captured raw data has been demosaicked prior to compression, in this paper, we describe an end-to-end trainable neural network for joint compression and demosaicking of satellite images. We first introduce a training loss combining a perceptual loss with the classical mean square error, which is shown to better preserve the high-frequency details present in satellite images. We then present a multi-loss balancing strategy which significantly improves the performance of the proposed joint demosaicking-compression solution.
Acceleration of Ammonium Nitrite Denitrification by Freezing: Determination of Activation Energy from the Temperature of Maximum Reaction Rate (2011)

A reaction of ammonium nitrite in ice was investigated. Upon freezing, some nitrite is oxidized by dissolved oxygen and some nitrite reacts with ammonium to produce nitrogen and water in a denitrification reaction. The former reaction was accelerated only during freezing, and the latter one was accelerated even after the whole sample was frozen. The denitrification reaction proceeded at very low concentration in ice, which were conditions under which the reaction would not proceed in solution. The nitrogen production increased linearly with increasing initial concentration of ammonium nitrite. The concentration factor in the unfrozen solution in ice was estimated to be 50.6 when the initial concentration was 0.5 mmol dm–3, as obtained from comparison of reaction rates in solution and in ice. A new method for determination of the activation energy is proposed that gives a value of 53 to 61 kJ mol–1 for denitrification. The reaction order of the denitrification process is also determined using our method, and it is concluded to follow third-order kinetics.
Eye-tracking based analysis of the driver’s field of view (FOV) in real driving environment (2012)

In recent years In-Vehicle Information System (IVIS) related devices including navigation increased and provided too much information to the driver. This phenomenon caused ‘Information Overload’ to the driver. To deal with the problems caused by information overload, researchers are studying information expression method and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) operating method of automobile. However, the information provided inside of the automobile has some side effects because each device has different interface. Head-Up Display (HUD) system is suggested as a substitute method in this problematic situation which caused from individual interface. HUD system provides driving related information and variety multi-media device information on the driver’s front windshield. The purpose of this method is to minimize the distracting the driver’s attention so the driver could achieve the same information faster than before. Not only technical part but also studies related to the driver’s Field of View (FOV) takes important part in developing and designing HUD system. In this study, we used eye-tracking method to track the driver’s eye direction in actual driving environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the FOV of the driver by using the result from tracking the driver’s eye movement. Thirteen experienced drivers participated in this experiment. The participants whom were in their 20s to 50s used the eye-tracking device and provided information on their habitual driving properties and eye movement in actual driving environment. Through this eye-tracking experiment, we collected some images and analyzed FOV of the participated drivers.
Abstract 5467: Breflate upregulates TRAIL gene transcription in Bax-null cells and induces TRAIL-mediated apoptosis independently of p53 in TRAIL-sensitive tumor lines (2010)

Abstract TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been hailed as a promising cancer drug target due to its apoptosis-inducing capabilities which are aimed selectively at cancer cells. Methods of inducing endogenous TRAIL as well as introducing exogenous recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) are being explored in preclinical studies and in the case of the latter, clinical trials. While the gene encoding for DR5, a TRAIL death receptor, has been known to be regulated by p53, we have recently shown that TRAIL is regulated by p53 at base pairs 504-1102 of its promoter (Kuribayashi et al., Cancer Biology and Therapy. 7:2034-2038, 2008). p53 is mutated in over half of all cancers; therefore, a method of upregulating endogenous TRAIL via a mechanism independent of p53 holds great potential therapeutic value for cancer. We searched for small molecule p53-independent upregulators of TRAIL using a luciferase reporter assay which utilized a plasmid with the gene encoding for firefly luciferase under the transcriptional control of the first 504 base pairs of the human TRAIL promoter. Screening with the NCI Diversity Set II library yielded several hits with &amp;gt;2-fold TRAIL induction which were repeated and further analyzed for use as a drug and to gain mechanistic insight. Interestingly, one hit from this screen was breflate, the prodrug of Brefeldin A (BFA). BFA inhibits retrograde protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum and is currently being investigated as a cancer therapeutic. Shao et al. (Exp. Cell Res. 227:190-196, 1996) have previously reported that BFA is a potent inducer of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines independently of p53, though the mechanistic relationship was not clear. Breflate clearly increased intracellular levels of TRAIL in HCT116 Bax−/− cells as determined by Western blot analysis, and in addition to the original reporter assay this is being corroborated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, sub-G1 analysis found that breflate induced levels of apoptosis &amp;gt;2-fold relative to control levels at 10μM after 24 hours in HCT116 p53−/− cells. Further mechanistic and ongoing in vivo studies are being conducted with breflate alone and in combination with chemotherapy or targeted cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5467.
Validation of a Kinect V2 based rehabilitation game (2018)

Interactive technologies are beneficial to stroke recovery as rehabilitation interventions; however, they lack evidence for use as assessment tools. Mystic Isle is a multi-planar full-body rehabilitation game developed using the Microsoft Kinect® V2. It aims to help stroke patients improve their motor function and daily activity performance and to assess the motions of the players. It is important that the assessment results generated from Mystic Isle are accurate. The Kinect V2 has been validated for tracking lower limbs and calculating gait-specific parameters. However, few studies have validated the accuracy of the Kinect® V2 skeleton model in upper-body movements. In this paper, we evaluated the spatial accuracy and measurement validity of a Kinect-based game Mystic Isle in comparison to a gold-standard optical motion capture system, the Vicon system. Thirty participants completed six trials in sitting and standing. Game data from the Kinect sensor and the Vicon system were recorded simultaneously, then filtered and sample rate synchronized. The spatial accuracy was evaluated using Pearson's r correlation coefficient, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and 3D distance difference. Each arm-joint signal had an average correlation coefficient above 0.9 and a SNR above 5. The hip joints data had less stability and a large variation in SNR. Also, the mean 3D distance difference of joints were less than 10 centimeters. For measurement validity, the accuracy was evaluated using mean and standard error of the difference, percentage error, Pearson's r correlation coefficient and intra-class correlation (ICC). Average errors of maximum hand extent of reach were less than 5% and the average errors of mean and maximum velocities were about 10% and less than 5%, respectively. We have demonstrated that Mystic Isle provides accurate measurement and assessment of movement relative to the Vicon system.
Gut Taste Stimulants Alter Brain Activity in Areas Related to Working Memory: a Pilot Study (2016)

in this pilot trial, we demonstrate that acute intragastric administration of different taste substances does not affect working memory performance in humans. However, "umami" and "bitter" have effects on brain areas involved in neural working memory, overpowering the effects of "sweet", "salty" and "sour" reception.
Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Low-Birth-Weight Infants by IgA–IgG Feeding (1988)

In a randomized clinical trial, we evaluated the efficacy of an oral immunoglobulin preparation (73 percent IgA and 26 percent IgG) in reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants of low birth weight for whom breast milk from their mothers was not available. A total of 434 infants weighing between 800 and 2000 g were eligible for entry in the study. Of these, 255 were withdrawn - 234 during the first week of the study because breast milk from their mothers became available (123 in the treatment group and 111 in the control group), and 21 because of violations of protocol or because breast milk became available after the first week. The duration of follow-up was 28 days. Among the infants for whom breast milk did not become available during the study, there were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis among the 88 receiving oral IgA-IgG, as compared with six cases among the 91 control infants (P = 0.0143). Of the infants withdrawn from the study, two assigned to the control group had necrotizing enterocolitis. We conclude that the oral administration of IgA-IgG may prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in low-birth-weight infants.
An evaluation of the early effects of a combination antiretroviral therapy programme on the management of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2011)

Roll-out of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa should impact on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Government provision began in 2003, with 23% coverage for World Health Organization (WHO) stage IV AIDS in 2006. To assess the effect of cART availability on KS management, we evaluated records from 701 KS patients seen at a tertiary oncology centre in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from 1995 to 2006. Associations between cART use and measures of KS care were evaluated. cART availability was 0% prior to 2001, 9.6% (2001-2003) and 44% (2004-2006). Documentation of HIV status increased incrementally from 65% to 92%. cART was associated with chemotherapy administration: 56% on cART versus 17% not on cART (P < 0.001); and less loss to follow-up, 13% on cART versus 38% not on cART (P < 0.001). cART availability improves the care of AIDS-associated KS. Further increases in cART availability for this population are needed in South Africa.
Clustering task graphs for message passing architectures (1990)

Clustering is a mapping of the nodes of a task graph onto labeled clusters. We present a unified framework for clustering of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Several clustering algorithms from the literature are compared using this framework. For coarse grain DAGs two interesting properties are presented. For every nonlinear clustering there exists a linear clustering whose parallel time is less than the nonlinear one. Furthermore, the parallel time of any linear clustering is within a factor of two of the optimal. Two clustering algorithms are presented with near linear time complexity for coarse grain DAGs. The conclusion is that linear clustering is an efficient and accurate operation.
MPEG-J: Java application engine in MPEG-4 (2000)

MPEG-4 Systems version 1 defines the presentation engine for the MPEG-4 terminal. MPEG-J is the Java based application engine defined in the version 2 of the MPEG-4 standard. This facilitates programmatic control as opposed to the parametric control provided by the presentation engine. MPEG-J refers to the collection of Java APIs defined by the Systems subgroup of MPEG. These APIs are used to access and control the underlying MPEG-4 terminal. The MPEG-J framework also defines the delivery mechanism and the lifecycle of applications. These applications can be local or remote (MPEGlet). They use the MPEG-J APIs to control the MPEG-4 terminal. MPEG-J can be used to include behavior based on time-varying terminal conditions in the content.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21s (ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins) and characterization of stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein. (1991)

We have recently purified to near homogeneity the stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21s (ras p21-like GTP-binding proteins) from bovine brain cytosol. This regulatory protein, named GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS), stimulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of smg p21s by stimulating the dissociation of GDP from and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. In this study, we have isolated and sequenced the cDNA of smg p21 GDS from a bovine brain cDNA library by using an oligonucleotide probe designed from the partial amino acid sequence of the purified smg p21 GDS. The cDNA has an open reading frame encoding a protein of 558 amino acids with a calculated Mr value of 61,066, similar to the Mr of 53,000 estimated for the purified smg p21 GDS by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The isolated cDNA is expressed in Escherichia coli, and the encoded protein exhibits smg p21 GDS activity. smg p21 GDS is overall hydrophilic, but there are several short hydrophobic regions. The smg p21 GDS mRNA is present in bovine brain and various rat tissues. smg p21 GDS has low amino acid sequence homology with the yeast CDC25 and SCD25 proteins, which may regulate the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the yeast RAS2 protein, but not with ras p21 GTPase-activating protein, the inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GDP dissociation inhibitor) for smg p25A and rho p21s, and the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins such as Gs and Gi.
Neurostimulation systems for deep brain stimulation: In vitro evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging–related heating at 1.5 tesla (2002)

The temperature increases were dependent on the type of RF coil, level of SAR used, and how the lead wires were positioned. Notably, the use of clinically relevant positioning techniques for the neurostimulation system and low SARs commonly used for imaging the brain generated little heating. Based on this information, MR safety guidelines are provided. These observations are restricted to the tested neurostimulation system.
Electron Tunneling in Proteins:  Implementation of ZINDO Model for Tunneling Currents Calculations (2003)

The tunneling currents method developed previously by this group for the description of electron tunneling in proteins and other complex molecular structures is implemented at the semiempirical ZINDO level. This implementation bridges the gap between fully ab initio and simple one electron methods, such as the extended Hückel method, which has been previously employed in tunneling studies, and allows for accurate calculations to be performed on realistic large protein systems with only a moderate effort. One additional advantage of this method is that it employs the STO basis functions, which decay more slowly than do GTO functions, so that the weak tunneling interactions of noncovalently bonded atoms of the protein can be accounted for with a minimum basis set. Numerical results are demonstrated on the polypeptide chain (His)2(Met)Cu1+-(Cys)-(Gly5)-(His)Ru3 +(bpy2)Im, which models the Ru-modified azurin charge transfer system studied by Gray and co-workers.