gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave rotor demonstrator engine assessment (1996)

The objective of the program was to determine a wave rotor demonstrator engine concept using the Allison 250 series engine. The results of the NASA LERC wave rotor effort were used as a basis for the wave rotor design. A wave rotor topped gas turbine engine was identified which incorporates five basic requirements of a successful demonstrator engine. Predicted performance maps of the wave rotor cycle were used along with maps of existing gas turbine hardware in a design point study. The effects of wave rotor topping on the engine cycle and the subsequent need to rematch compressor and turbine sections in the topped engine were addressed. Comparison of performance of the resulting engine is made on the basis of wave rotor topped engine versus an appropriate baseline engine using common shaft compressor hardware. The topped engine design clearly demonstrates an impressive improvement in shaft horsepower (+11.4%) and SFC (-22%). Off design part power engine performance for the wave rotor topped engine was similarly improved including that at engine idle conditions. Operation of the engine at off design was closely examined with wave rotor operation at less than design burner outlet temperatures and rotor speeds. Challenges identified in the development of a demonstrator engine are discussed. A preliminary design was made of the demonstrator engine including wave rotor to engine transition ducts. Program cost and schedule for a wave rotor demonstrator engine fabrication and test program were developed.
Impact of DFE Error Propagation on FEC-Based High-Speed I/O Links (2009)

Modern state-of-the-art I/O links today rely exclusively upon a high SNR channel and an equalization-based inner transceiver to achieve a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> . The equalizer typically consists of a transmit pre-emphasis driver for pre-cursor equalization and a receive DFE for post-cursor cancellation. Recently, forward error-correction (FEC) coding has been proposed to improve the BER and reduce power in high-speed I/O links. However, error-propagation in the DFE is a significant issue affecting code performance. The link performance is also tied to FEC implementation parameters like degree of parallelism. This paper presents a framework for analyzing the impact of DFE burst errors and implementation parameters on end-to-end link performance. For 10.3125 Gb/s transmission through a channel with 19 dB loss at Nyquist rate and serial FEC implementation, we find that a code rate r = 0.8 gives the best ISI penalty vs coding gain trade-off, and a codeword length of 750 bits is necessary to meet target performance. Further, it is observed that the performance of burst error correction codes does not necessarily improve with codeword length, i.e., there is an BER-optimal block length at a given code rate.
ROBUST DIGITAL WATERMARKING FOR IMAGES (2016)

Digital Image Watermarking used for protecting digital media files and data. It has been an active research field since last decades. Digital Image watermarking is an approach that enables a user from being misused of personal images or information. Here, the term “watermarking” refer to data hiding for copyright protection and image security. Digital Watermarking is becoming a necessity these days for various reasons such as duplication, modification and manipulation of images .In this paper, we have discussed various techniques that enable users to allow a security over their images and data, thus providing a secure transfer of digital files. The main issue in protecting our image files is to secure our data and important information from being viral or open to all, thus making its end to end retrieval that is only required end user is able to access that data.
Gastric polyps on routine double-contrast examination of the stomach. (1980)

Gastric polyps were found in 38 patients in a series of 2,420 consecutive double-contrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The resulting incidence of 1.6% is four times the highest figure previously reported. Single polyps were usually located in the antrum, multiple polyps in the body of fundus. Two-thirds were less than or equal to 10 mm in diameter; only one was larger than 20 mm. Endoscopy was performed in 17 cases and showed either normal or inflamed gastric mucosa with no evidence of neoplasia. It is likely that most gastric polyps are inflammatory or hyperplastic, while the biopsies showing normal mucosa may represent small submucosal tumors such as leiomyomas. This study demonstrates the high frequency and innocuous nature of small gastric polyps.
Membrane Topology of the Mammalian CMP-Sialic Acid Transporter (1999)

Nucleotide sugar transporters form a family of distantly related membrane proteins of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. The first transporter sequences have been identified within the last 2 years. However, information about the secondary and tertiary structure for these molecules has been limited to theoretical considerations. In the present study, an epitope-insertion approach was used to investigate the membrane topology of the CMP-sialic acid transporter. Immunofluorescence studies were carried out to analyze the orientation of the introduced epitopes in semipermeabilized cells. Both an amino-terminally introduced FLAG sequence and a carboxyl-terminal hemagglutinin tag were found to be oriented toward the cytosol. Results obtained with CMP-sialic acid transporter variants that contained the hemagglutinin epitope in potential intermembrane loop structures were in good correlation with the presence of 10 transmembrane regions. This building concept seems to be preserved also in other mammalian and nonmammalian nucleotide sugar transporters. Moreover, the functional analysis of the generated mutants demonstrated that insertions in or very close to membrane-spanning regions inactivate the transport process, whereas those in hydrophilic loop structures have no detectable effect on the activity. This study points the way toward understanding structure-function relationships of nucleotide sugar transporters.
Minimizing Regret with Multiple Reserves (2019)

We study the problem of computing and learning non-anonymous reserve prices to maximize revenue. We first define the M aximizing M ultiple R eserves (MMR) problem in single-parameter matroid environments, where the input is m valuation profiles v 1 ,…, v m , indexed by the same n bidders, and the goal is to compute the vector r of (non-anonymous) reserve prices that maximizes the total revenue obtained on these profiles by the VCG mechanism with reserves r . We prove that the problem is APX -hard, even in the special case of single-item environments, and give a polynomial-time 1/2-approximation algorithm for it in arbitrary matroid environments. We then consider the online no-regret learning problem and show how to exploit the special structure of the MMR problem to translate our offline approximation algorithm into an online learning algorithm that achieves asymptotically time-averaged revenue at least 1/2 times that of the best fixed reserve prices in hindsight. On the negative side, we show that, quite generally, computational hardness for the offline optimization problem translates to computational hardness for obtaining vanishing time-averaged regret. Thus, our hardness result for the MMR problem implies that computationally efficient online learning requires approximation, even in the special case of single-item auction environments.
Heart failure in SCA: still challenging (2023)

In this issue of Blood, Morin et al 1 report an increased myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) despite early intervention with disease-modifying therapy.
Effects of Carotenoids and Retinoids on Immune‐Mediated Chronic Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2011)

Inflammation is the body's reaction to physiological interference from several external factors and internal abnormalities of the immune system. Chronic states of inflammation can lead to other complications such as the development of cardio-vascular diseases and cancer. Inflammatory intestinal diseases such as Crohn's and Colitis result from abnormalities in immune function. Carotenoids are strong antioxidants, and carotenoids derived retinoids such as vitamin A can down-regulate inflammation by biochemical and molecular mechanisms. This could be achieved by the modulation in the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Mitigation of Damages to Electric Utilities Due to High Winds (1989)

Extreme winds, hurricanes, and tornadoes produce significant damage to electrical transmission and distribution line structures. The damage produces loss of power to the affected communities for a variable length of time, depending on severity of damage. Most institutions whose operations would be life threatening in the event of power failure have emergency power. However, loss of power to both residences and businesses can have economic impact on the community in the form of temporary housing shortages and loss of business. Utility companies seem to cope with wind damage fairly well, following risk management procedures in designing for wind and in providing alternate routing for distribution lines. However, continuing research and developments are needed to keep abreast of the problem.
Zeolite Catalysts for Cleaner Technologies (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Main Zeolites Features Recent Developments Conclusions References
Deficiencies in LDAP when used to support PKI (2003)

Problems arise when a protocol initially developed to simplify access to a distributed directory failed to take into account all the uses the directory was originally intended for.
Collaborative Learning of Hierarchical Task Networks from Demonstration and Instruction (2014)

"This thesis presents learning and interaction algorithms to support a human teaching hierarchical task models to a robot using a single or multiple examples in the context of a mixed-initiative interaction with bi-directional communication. Our first contribution is an approach for learning a high level task from a single example using the bottom-up style. In particular, we have identified and implemented two important heuristics for suggesting task groupings and repetitions based on the data flow between tasks and on the physical structure of the manipulated artifact. We have evaluated our heuristics with users in a simulated environment and shown that the suggestions significantly improve the learning and interaction. For our second contribution, we extended this interaction by enabling users to teaching tasks using the top-down teaching style in addition to the bottom-up teaching style. Results obtained in a pilot study show that users utilize both the bottom-up and the top-down teaching styles to teach tasks. Our third contribution is an algorithm that merges multiple examples when there are alternative ways of doing a task. The merging algorithm is still under evaluation. "
Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of the fusion gene RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21)-positive acute myeloid leukaemia (2023)

A hallmark of acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) are chromosomal rearrangements that give rise to novel leukaemia-specific fusion genes. Most of these fusion genes are both initiating and driving events in AML and therefore constitute ideal therapeutic targets but are challenging to target by conventional drug development. siRNAs are frequently used for the specific suppression of fusion gene expression but require special formulations for efficient in vivo delivery. Here we describe the use of siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for the specific therapeutic targeting of the leukaemic fusion gene RUNX1/ETO. Transient knockdown of RUNX1/ETO reduces its binding to its target genes and alters the binding of RUNX1 and its co-factor CBFβ. Transcriptomic changes in vivo were associated with substantially increased median survival of a t(8;21)-AML mouse model. Importantly, transient knockdown in vivo causes long-lasting inhibition of leukaemic proliferation and clonogenicity, induction of myeloid differentiation and a markedly impaired re-engraftment potential in vivo. These data strongly suggest that temporary inhibition of RUNX1/ETO results in long-term restriction of leukaemic self-renewal. Our results provide proof for the feasibility of targeting RUNX1/ETO in a pre-clinical setting and support the further development of siRNA-LNPs for the treatment of fusion gene-driven malignancies.
The influence of mechanical factors on electrical treeing (1998)

Emphasis is placed on the growing body of evidence demonstrating the importance of mechanical factors in the initiation and growth of electrical trees in solid polymeric insulating materials. Specimens using point-plane electrode geometries in homogeneous resins, with and without barrier inserts, have been investigated. The authors draw particular attention to the importance of the adhesive bond between component parts in composite insulation and the effect that this has on the internal mechanical stress. The effects of elevated temperatures and the absorption of moisture on both the mechanical and electrical characteristics of these specimens provide additional correlations between treeing and mechanical properties.
The cornea is stable during accommodation (2006)

Using a TMS-4 videokeratoscope with 25 Placido rings, Yasuda and Yamaguchi1 report an increase in central corneal optical power after stimulation of accommodation with pilocarpine. The authors' use of an improved topographical alignment system significantly decreased the size of this change compared with that in their prior study.2 They found a mean increase of 0.16, 0.16, 0.12, and 0.08 diopters (D) associated with the central 1 through 4 Placido rings, respectively. They did not find a change in the peripheral 5 through 25 corneal Placido rings, which extend to a diameter of approximately 9 mm. These results differ substantially and are of a much smaller magnitude than those in the authors' previous report, in which they reported a 0.62 D, 0.60 D, and 0.7 D increase in central corneal optical power for corneal diameters of 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, and 7.0 mm in response to accommodation.2 One reason for the difference in the 2 studies may be from the improved 3-dimensional (x, y, z) alignment correction function of the TMS-4 videokeratoscope. The authors did not appear to address the confounding variable of pupil location, which changes with accommodation. The authors report a 1.3 mm reduction in size of the pupil after topical application of pilocarpine. Because the pupil moves during miosis,3–5 if the authors used the pupillary location as a reference for positioning the topographer as recommended by the manufacture, a confounding error would be introduced. Because the cornea is steeper centrally than peripherally,6 small errors in alignment induced by movement of the location of the pupil would produce an apparent small increase in central corneal optical power without a significant change in peripheral corneal optical power after pilocarpine stimulated miosis. The author's use of an improved topographical alignment system significantly decreased the magnitude of their measurements. Perhaps in a subsequent study, with proper controls for pupil position, they may find like others have6–11 that the cornea is stable during accommodation.12
ACVR2B/Fc counteracts chemotherapy-induced loss of muscle and bone mass (2017)

Chemotherapy promotes the development of cachexia, a debilitating condition characterized by muscle and fat loss. ACVR2B/Fc, an inhibitor of the Activin Receptor 2B signaling, has been shown to preserve muscle mass and prolong survival in tumor hosts, and to increase bone mass in models of osteogenesis imperfecta and muscular dystrophy. We compared the effects of ACVR2B/Fc on muscle and bone mass in mice exposed to Folfiri. In addition to impairing muscle mass and function, Folfiri had severe negative effects on bone, as shown by reduced trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), thickness (Tb.Th), number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and by increased separation (Tb.Sp) in trabecular bone of the femur and vertebra. ACVR2B/Fc prevented the loss of muscle mass and strength, and the loss of trabecular bone in femurs and vertebrae following Folfiri administration. Neither Folfiri nor ACVR2B/Fc had effects on femoral cortical bone, as shown by unchanged cortical bone volume fraction (Ct.BV/TV), thickness (Ct.Th) and porosity. Our results suggest that Folfiri is responsible for concomitant muscle and bone degeneration, and that ACVR2B/Fc prevents these derangements. Future studies are required to determine if the same protective effects are observed in combination with other anticancer regimens or in the presence of cancer.
Neuronal caspase 2 activity and function requires RAIDD, but not PIDD (2012)

Caspase 2 was initially identified as a neuronally expressed developmentally down-regulated gene (HUGO gene nomenclature CASP2) and has been shown to be required for neuronal death induced by several stimuli, including NGF (nerve growth factor) deprivation and Aβ (β-amyloid). In non-neuronal cells the PIDDosome, composed of caspase 2 and two death adaptor proteins, PIDD (p53-inducible protein with a death domain) and RAIDD {RIP (receptor-interacting protein)-associated ICH-1 [ICE (interleukin-1β-converting enzyme)/CED-3 (cell-death determining 3) homologue 1] protein with a death domain}, has been proposed as the caspase 2 activation complex, although the absolute requirement for the PIDDosome is not clear. To investigate the requirement for the PIDDosome in caspase-2-dependent neuronal death, we have examined the necessity for each component in induction of active caspase 2 and in execution of caspase-2-dependent neuronal death. We find that both NGF deprivation and Aβ treatment of neurons induce active caspase 2 and that induction of this activity depends on expression of RAIDD, but is independent of PIDD expression. We show that treatment of wild-type or PIDD-null neurons with Aβ or NGF deprivation induces formation of a complex of caspase 2 and RAIDD. We also show that caspase-2-dependent execution of neurons requires RAIDD, not PIDD. Caspase 2 activity can be induced in neurons from PIDD-null mice, and NGF deprivation or Aβ use caspase 2 and RAIDD to execute death of these neurons.
Depth video super-resolution using a high-speed time-of-flight sensor (2023)

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging captures depth information from a given scene and is used in a wide range of fields like industrial environments, smartphones and autonomous driving, among others. This paper summarises the results of a depth video super-resolution scheme that is tailored for single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensors, which produces 3D maps at frame rates > 100 FPS (32×64 pixels). Consecutive frames are used to super-resolve and denoise depth maps via 3D convolutional neural networks with an upscaling factor of 4. Due to the lack of noise-free, high-resolution depth maps captured with high-speed cameras, the neural network is trained with synthetic data using Unreal Engine, which is later processed to resemble the data outputted by a SPAD sensor. The model is then tested with different video sequences captured with a high-speed SPAD dToF, which processes frames at >30 frames per second. The super-resolved data shows a significant reduction in noise and presents enhanced edge details in objects. We believe these results are relevant to improve the accuracy of object detection in autonomous driving cars for collision avoidance or AR/VR systems.
Interleaving security and efficiency considerations in the design of inexpensive IC cards (1994)

Currently used inexpensive IC cards (e.g. payphone cards) prove their authenticity and generate digital signatures by means of a simple circuit which implements a nonlinear one-way transformation. The paper considers possible approaches for the efficient design and fabrication of such a circuit, based on the observation that the circuit does not have to serve any predefined exact process as long as its functioning falls within a wide range of possible allowed behaviours. It is shown how this tolerance in defining the circuit&apos;s behaviour can potentially be traded for efficient design and fabrication of the circuit, without necessarily sacrificing security.
Changes in Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene RKIP Impact How Cancers Interact with Their Complex Environment (2023)

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the immediate environment where cancer cells reside in a tumor. It is composed of multiple cell types and extracellular matrix. Microenvironments can be restrictive or conducive to the progression of cancer cells. Initially, microenvironments are suppressive in nature. Stepwise accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes enables cancer cells to acquire the ability to reshape the microenvironment to advance their growth and metastasis. Among the many genetic events, the loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes play a pivotal role. In this review, we will discuss the changes in TME and the ramifications on metastasis upon altered expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene RKIP in breast cancer cells.
In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Properties of Punica granatum L. Leaves, Bark, and Peel Extracts and Their Main Compounds (2021)

In a search for natural compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity, we studied the effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from leaves, bark, and peels of <i>Punica granatum</i> L. for the inhibition of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) and integrase (IN) LEDGF-dependent activities. The chemical analyses led to the detection of compounds belonging mainly to the phenolic and flavonoid chemical classes. Ellagic acid, flavones, and triterpenoid molecules were identified in leaves. The bark and peels were characterized by the presence of hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalins and punicalagins, together with ellagic acid. Among the isolated compounds, the hydrolyzable tannins and ellagic acid showed a very high inhibition (IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.12 to 1.4 µM and 0.065 to 0.09 µM of the RNase H and IN activities, respectively). Of the flavonoids, luteolin and apigenin were found to be able to inhibit RNase H and IN functions (IC<sub>50</sub> values in the 3.7-22 μM range), whereas luteolin 7-<i>O</i>-glucoside showed selective activity for HIV-1 IN. In contrast, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid were selective for the HIV-1 RNase H activity. Our results strongly support the potential of non-edible <i>P. granatum</i> organs as a valuable source of anti-HIV-1 compounds.
Clusters in the Expanse: Understanding and Unbiasing IPv6 Hitlists (2018)

Network measurements are an important tool in understanding the Internet. Due to the expanse of the IPv6 address space, exhaustive scans as in IPv4 are not possible for IPv6. In recent years, several studies have proposed the use of target lists of IPv6 addresses, called IPv6 hitlists. In this paper, we show that addresses in IPv6 hitlists are heavily clustered. We present novel techniques that allow IPv6 hitlists to be pushed from quantity to quality. We perform a longitudinal active measurement study over 6 months, targeting more than 50 M addresses. We develop a rigorous method to detect aliased prefixes, which identifies 1.5 % of our prefixes as aliased, pertaining to about half of our target addresses. Using entropy clustering, we group the entire hitlist into just 6 distinct addressing schemes. Furthermore, we perform client measurements by leveraging crowdsourcing. To encourage reproducibility in network measurement research and to serve as a starting point for future IPv6 studies, we publish source code, analysis tools, and data.