gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical dynamic caching mechanism considering content hit-ratio (2012)

We propose the dynamic caching mechanism for reducing the total network cost by considering content hit-ratio on hierarchical architecture. In proposed mechanism, the high-layer server distributes the some of the content in database to low-layer server according to content hit-ratio of the high-layer server. Accordingly, the content can be searched in low-layer server via minimum signaling and the content is effectively distributed among servers. In order to evaluate the performance, we compare proposed mechanism against existing caching mechanisms. As a result, we demonstrate that the total network cost can be reduced as well as call setup time.
<title>Formation and transport of sheet-electron beams and multibeam configurations for high-power microwave devices</title> (1995)

Sheet electron beams and configurations with multiple electron beams have the potential to make possible higher power sources of microwave radiation due to their ability to transport high currents, at reduced current densities, through a single RF interaction circuit. Possible microwave device applications using sheet electron beams include sheet-beam klystrons, rectangular grating circuits, and planar FELs. Historically, implementation of sheet beams in microwave devices has been discouraged by their susceptibility to the diocotron instability in solenoidal focusing systems. However, recent theoretical and numerical studies have shown that stable transport of sheet beams is possible in periodically cusped magnetic (PCM) fields. The use of an offset-pole PCM configuration has been shown analytically to provide side- fields for 2D focusing of the beam, and this has been recently verified with PIC code simulations. We will present further theoretical studies of sheet and multibeam transport and discuss results from an experimental investigation of the formation, stability and transport of PCM-focused sheet electron beams. This includes a laboratory method of forming an elliptical sheet beam using magnetic quadrupole pair and a round-beam Pierce gun.
Evaluation of Phosphorus Site Assessment Tools: Lessons from the USA (2017)

Critical source area identification through phosphorus (P) site assessment is a fundamental part of modern nutrient management planning in the United States, yet there has been only sparse testing of the many versions of the P Index that now exist. Each P site assessment tool was developed to be applicable across a range of field conditions found in a given geographic area, making evaluation extremely difficult. In general, evaluation with in-field monitoring data has been limited, focusing primarily on corroborating manure and fertilizer "source" factors. Thus, a multiregional effort (Chesapeake Bay, Heartland, and Southern States) was undertaken to evaluate P Indices using a combination of limited field data, as well as output from simulation models (i.e., Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender, Annual P Loss Estimator, Soil and Water Assessment Tool [SWAT], and Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool [TBET]) to compare against P Index ratings. These comparisons show promise for advancing the weighting and formulation of qualitative P Index components but require careful vetting of the simulation models. Differences among regional conclusions highlight model strengths and weaknesses. For example, the Southern States region found that, although models could simulate the effects of nutrient management on P runoff, they often more accurately predicted hydrology than total P loads. Furthermore, SWAT and TBET overpredicted particulate P and underpredicted dissolved P, resulting in correct total P predictions but for the wrong reasons. Experience in the United States supports expanded regional approaches to P site assessment, assuming closely coordinated efforts that engage science, policy, and implementation communities, but limited scientific validity exists for uniform national P site assessment tools at the present time.
Development of a flexible cross-wound eddy current array probe (2014)

Cross-wound eddy current sensors have been used for years in the non-destructive testing industry for surface detection of cracks on steel components. The conventional sensor, which is a three dimensional transmit-receive structure comprising two orthogonal coils, can't be directly translated to a flat winding suitable for printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. This paper describes a method that makes it possible, through the use of finite element modeling (FEM), to reproduce the cross wound sensor response on a flexible printed circuit board. As a second step, an innovative compact PCB made cross-wound eddy current array (ECA) structure is presented and demonstrated experimentally.
Cost reduction and evaluation of temporary faults detecting technique (2000)

IC technologies are approaching the ultimate limits of silicon in terms of channel width, power supply and speed. By approaching these limits, circuits are becoming increasingly sensitive to noise, which will result on unacceptable rates of soft-errors. Furthermore, defect behavior is becoming increasingly complex resulting on increasing number of timing faults that can escape detection by fabrication testing. Thus, fault tolerant techniques will become necessary even for commodity applications. This work considers the implementation and improvements of a new soft error and timing error detecting technique based on time redundancy. Arithmetic circuits were used as test vehicle to validate the approach. Simulations and performance evaluations of the proposed detection technique were made using time and logic simulators. The obtained results show that detection of such temporal faults can be achieved by means of meaningful hardware and performance cost.
Na+/K+-ATPase 2-subunit (AMOG) expression abrogates invasion of glioblastoma-derived brain tumor-initiating cells (2013)

AMOG expression inhibits GBM invasion. Its downregulation increases invasion in glial cells and may also represent an important step in BTIC differentiation. These data provide compelling evidence implicating the role of AMOG in glioma invasion and provide impetus for further investigation.
Thermal Runaway in Chain-Addition Polymerizations and Copolymerizations (1979)

The objectives of this presentation are to discuss the general behavior of nonisothermal chain-addition polymerizations and copolymerizations and to propose dimensionless criteria for estimating nonisothermal reactor performance, in particular thermal runaway and instability, and its effect upon polymer properties. Most of the results presented are based upon work (1-8), both theoretical and experimental, conducted in the author's laboratories at Stevens Institute of Technology. Analytical methods include a Semenov-type theoretical approach (1,2,9) as well as computer simulations similar to those used by Barkelew (3,4,6,7,10). Analyses of reactor performance are limited to rate functions R = kπ[cj]nj = Aπ[cj]nj exp(-E/RgT) (1) and thermal energy balances ρcP dT/dt = - ΔHR - UA/v (T -TR) (2) of the forms shown in equations 1 and 2. Polymer property analyses are limited t o chain-addition polymerizations initiation mo + m → P1 (3) propagation Px + m kp→Px + 1 x ≥ 1 (4) termination
Micro-nanostructured sensors integrated in a wearable platform to fight emerging infectious diseases (2021)

We are developing a wearable sensing platform that provides rapid and quantitative measurements of a panel of inflammatory biomarkers. The sensor detects interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which are found to be associated with adverse clinical outcomes and death in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients. Although wearable technology has entered the fight against COVID-19, the devices are limited to monitoring physical attributes and rely on syndromic case finding. Hence, asymptomatic but contagious individuals with no early symptoms remain undetected and transmit the virus/bacteria. In this regard, our sensor would result in a powerful public health weapon that will monitor biochemical attributes in real-time and diagnose an infection before symptoms appear.
Time-resolved all fiber fluorescence spectroscopy system (2008)

We describe a simple fiber optic fluorescence spectrometry system with a wide variety of biomedical applications. This low-cost, all-fiber system is portable, robust and has the capacity to acquire fluorescence spectra at rates up to 1 kHz. We demonstrate the capabilities of the system by presenting experimental measurements of action potentials in the di-4-ANEPPS stained heart and the concentration of GFP tagged bacteria.
Common risk factors for heart failure and cancer (2019)

Cardiovascular (CV) disease and cancer are the leading causes of death.1,2 Over the last decades, it has been appreciated that both CV disease and cancer are more common in individuals in whom risk factors for disease development accumulate, and preventative measures have been extremely important in driving down the incidence of disease.3-6 In general, the field of epidemiology, risk reduction, and preventative trials is divided into health care professionals who have an interest in either CV disease or cancer. As a result, the medical literature and medical practice has largely focused on the one disease, or the other. However, human individuals do not behave according to this dogma. Emerging data clearly suggest that identical risk factors may lead to CV disease in the one individual, but may cause cancer in another, or even both diseases in the same individual. This overlap exists between risk factors that are historically classified as 'CV risk factors' as these factors do equally strong predict cancer development. Therefore, we propose that a holistic approach might better estimate actual risks for CV disease and cancer. In this review, we summarize current insights in common behavioural risk factors for heart failure, being the most progressed and lethal form of CV disease, and cancer.
Characterization of Exc, a novel protein required for the excision of Bacteroides conjugative transposon (2002)

Conjugative transposons are integrated elements that excise from the chromosome, then transfer by conjugation to a recipient in which they integrate once again. Recently, a gene, designated exc, was shown to be essential for excision of the Bacteroides conjugative transposon (CTnDOT) from the chromosome. The deduced amino acid sequence of Exc had low amino acid sequence similarity to DNA topoisomerase III, an enzyme that relaxes DNA supercoils. This similarity raised the question of whether Exc protein was a topoisomerase and, if so, whether topoisomerase activity might contribute to the excision process. Here, we demonstrate that Exc does have topoisomerase activity in vitro. Exc relaxed supercoiled DNA, had a conserved tyrosine as its active site and required magnesium ions for its relaxation activity. However, although mutation of the catalytic tyrosine of Exc to phenylalanine abolished the ability of the enzyme to relax DNA supercoils in vitro, the mutation did not abolish the ability of the protein to mediate excision in vivo. This surprising result suggests that CTnDOT excision does not rely on the topoisomerase activity of Exc in vivo.
Photonic crystal multichannel drop filter and heterostructure beam splitter (2001)

Photonic crystals have impacted the diverse domain of electromagnetics. With a growing interest, due to their unique ability to control the propagation of light through a periodic dielectric structure, photonic crystals can be integrated with opto-electronic devices to enhance their optical performance. In this paper we investigate two applications of photonic crystals. First, as a multi- channel drop filter, which consists of a waveguide and a frequency selective element (microcavity); and, secondly, as a hetero-structure beam splitter. We also compare the performance of the hetero-structure with that of a uni- structure beam splitter. A Finite-Difference Time-Domain technique was used to stimulate both applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis SB-14, an Antimicrobially Active Isolate from Namibian Social Spiders ( Stegodyphus dumicola ) (2019)

We present the high-quality draft genome sequence of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> SB-14, isolated from the Namibian social spider <i>Stegodyphus dumicola</i> In accordance with its antimicrobial activity, both known and potentially novel antimicrobial biosynthetic gene clusters were identified in the genome of SB-14.
Aromatic plants of tropical central Africa. Part XLIV.# Volatile components from Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) harms growing in Cameroon (2003)

Abstract The essential oils obtained from stem and root barks of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms (Meliaceae) collected in Cameroon were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The two samples were found to be composed exclusively of sesquiterpenoids. The hydrocarbons were found to be most abundant in the stem bark extract, with δ ‐cadinene (31.3%) as the main constituent, while the root bark oil contained a majority of oxygenated sesquiterpenoids, with cubebols representing almost one‐third of the extract. The antioxidant and antiradical activities of both samples were found to be very low compared with those of the reference compounds. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
External Memory View‐Dependent Simplification (2000)

In this paper, we propose a novel external‐memory algorithm to support view‐dependent simplification for datasets much larger than main memory. In the preprocessing phase, we use a new spanned sub‐meshes simplification technique to build view‐dependence trees I/O‐efficiently, which preserves the correct edge collapsing order and thus assures the run‐time image quality. We further process the resulting view‐dependence trees to build the meta‐node trees, which can facilitate the run‐time level‐of‐detail rendering and is kept in disk . During run‐time navigation, we keep in main memory only the portions of the meta‐node trees that are necessary to render the current level of details, plus some prefetched portions that are likely to be needed in the near future. The prefetching prediction takes advantage of the nature of the run‐time traversal of the meta‐node trees, and is both simple and accurate. We also employ the implicit dependencies for preventing incorrect foldovers, as well as main‐memory buffer management and parallel processes scheme to separate the disk accesses from the navigation operations, all in an integrated manner. The experiments show that our approach scales well with respect to the main memory size available, with encouraging preprocessing and run‐time rendering speeds and without sacrificing the image quality.
Fault Injection for Test-Driven Development of Robust SoC Firmware (2017)

Robustness against errors in hardware must be considered from the very beginning of safety-critical system-on-chip firmware design. Therefore, we present fault injection for test-driven development (TDD) of robust firmware. As TDD is based on instant feedback to the designer, fault injection must execute within few minutes. In contrast to state-of-the-art approaches, we avoid long simulation scenarios and runtimes by injecting faults at the unit level and utilizing host-compiled simulation. Further, three static bit-level analyses of firmware source code and hardware specification reduce the fault set significantly. This accelerates fault injection by several orders of magnitude and enables robustness-aware TDD.
Release of IL-1 from mononuclear phagocytes (1991)

IL-1 alpha and -beta are 31- and 34-kDa cytokines produced by stimulated monocytes, macrophages, and a variety of other cells. These proteins are thought to function primarily as intercellular mediators and can be detected in plasma and the supernatants of cultured cells; however, IL-1 alpha and -beta contain no identifiable signal peptides and are not secreted via the classical secretory pathway. To understand the mechanism of IL-1 release, we have analyzed IL-1 production by LPS-stimulated mononuclear cells. IL-1 was quantified by bioassay, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA. Of these techniques, only immunoprecipitation permitted the quantitative detection of intracellular pro-IL-1. Both the full-length pro-forms and proteolytically processed mature forms of IL-1 were detected in culture supernatants; however, for macrophages the released material represented less than 5% of the total IL-1 alpha and -beta synthesized. Freshly isolated human monocytes released a higher fraction of their total IL-1 (up to 22%): however, monocytes cultured in vitro for 24 h showed very little fractional release, similar to macrophages. Nonspecific release of intracellular contents was determined by measurement of release of lactate dehydrogenase activity and was found to parallel IL-1 release. In fact the higher release of IL-1 from freshly cultured human monocytes correlated also with an increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase. We conclude that, in cultured LPS-stimulated monocytic cells, IL-1 is not released via a novel secretory pathway, but exits the cell via a nonspecific pathway, most likely as a consequence of cellular injury.
Parametric study of PV arc-fault generation methods and analysis of conducted DC spectrum (2014)

Many photovoltaic (PV) direct current (DC) arc-fault detectors use the frequency content of the PV system to detect arcs. The spectral content is influenced by the duration and power of the arc, surrounding insulation material geometry and chemistry, and electrode geometry. A parametric analysis was conducted in order to inform the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1699B (“Photovoltaic DC Arc-Fault Circuit Protection”) Standards Technical Panel (STP) of improvements to arc-fault generation methods in the certification standard. These recommendations are designed to reduce the complexity of the experimental setup, improve testing repeatability, and quantify the uncertainty of the arc-fault radio frequency (RF) noise generated by different PV arcs in the field. In this investigation, we (a) discuss the differences in establishing and sustaining arc-faults for a number of different test configurations and (b) compare the variability in arc-fault spectral content for each respective test, and analyze the evolution of the RF signature over the duration of the fault; with the ultimate goal of determining the most repeatable, `worst case' tests for adoption by UL.
Short-Term Circadian Disruption Impairs Bile Acid and Lipid Homeostasis in Mice (2015)

This study suggests that even short-term circadian disruption dramatically alters hepatic clock gene expression, bile acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis to contribute to dyslipidemia.
Comprehensive Assessment of Fine-Grained Wound Images Using a Patch-Based CNN With Context-Preserving Attention (2021)

Our work is the first intelligent system that autonomously grades wounds comprehensively based on criteria in the PWAT rubric, alleviating the significant burden that manual wound grading imposes on wound care nurses.
Band separation and efficiency optimization in linear-assisted switching power amplifiers (2006)

Linear-assisted switching power amplifiers are based on combinations of switching converters (for high efficiency) and linear amplifiers (for high-speed, wide bandwidth responses) in applications such as envelope tracking for RF power amplifiers in polar modulation architectures, or audio amplifiers. This paper describes an approach to band separation and filter design to maximize the system efficiency and achieve near-ideal, wide-bandwidth responses. An experimental prototype is described, including a synchronous buck converter in combination with a class-AB linear amplifier. Experimental results for square wave and rectified sinusoid input signals demonstrate high bandwidth and high efficiency of the linear-assisted switching power amplifiers with optimized band separation.
Remote Sensing (2014)

Abstract Remote sensing is both a science and an art. Remote sensing has been involved from airborne to spaceborne applications since the 1960s. A variety of sensors are used to record both the visible and the invisible, such as infrared (IR), parts of the spectrum in the field of remote sensing. Depending on the number of spectral bands used, remote sensing includes panchromatic (one band), multispectral (several bands), and hyperspectral (dozens to hundreds of bands) remote sensing; depending on the source of energy/radiation, remote sensing can be passive or active. The ultimate goal of remote sensing is to extract information from remotely sensed data about the material properties of the earth's surface and of the atmosphere, together with their geographical relationships. Numerous approaches are available to extract information from remotely sensed data/imagery. Thematic maps derived with remote sensing methods contain errors, which can be assessed with reference data. It is important to use thematic maps with relatively high classification accuracy to avoid wrong conclusions or decision making based on the maps.
Replacing Foods with a High-Glycemic Index and High in Saturated Fat by Alternatives with a Low Glycemic Index and Low Saturated Fat Reduces Hepatic Fat, Even in Isocaloric and Macronutrient Matched Conditions (2023)

Changes in macronutrient quality can already have drastic effects on liver fat content and postprandial glycemia after two weeks and even when energy content and the percentage of total fat and carbohydrate remains unchanged.
Stereo accuracy for collision avoidance for varying collision trajectories (2013)

In this study, we have generalized our previous tool for assisting a safety engineer in assessing collision trajectories by extending from colliding objects with constant velocity to more general variable velocity ones. We have also highlighted that a linear system cannot be relied upon for handling a colliding object with variable velocity. To deal with such trajectories, past observations are weighted depending on velocities at those locations; priority is given to locations with reduced velocity. Based on this hypothesis, we have shown that the weighted system outperforms a linear one. The benefit is that it always issues a timely warning, even if the trajectory of the colliding object keeps on changing over time.