gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative adaptation and visualization of preoperative risk analyses for oncologic liver surgery (2008)

Tumor resections from the liver are complex surgical interventions. With recent planning software, risk analyses based on individual liver anatomy can be carried out preoperatively. However, additional tumors within the liver are frequently detected during oncological interventions using intraoperative ultrasound. These tumors are not visible in preoperative data and their existence may require changes to the resection strategy. We propose a novel method that allows an intraoperative risk analysis adaptation by merging newly detected tumors with a preoperative risk analysis. To determine the exact positions and sizes of these tumors we make use of a navigated ultrasound-system. A fast communication protocol enables our application to exchange crucial data with this navigation system during an intervention. A further motivation for our work is to improve the visual presentation of a moving ultrasound plane within a complex 3D planning model including vascular systems, tumors, and organ surfaces. In case the ultrasound plane is located inside the liver, occlusion of the ultrasound plane by the planning model is an inevitable problem for the applied visualization technique. Our system allows the surgeon to focus on the ultrasound image while perceiving context-relevant planning information. To improve orientation ability and distance perception, we include additional depth cues by applying new illustrative visualization algorithms. Preliminary evaluations confirm that in case of intraoperatively detected tumors a risk analysis adaptation is beneficial for precise liver surgery. Our new GPU-based visualization approach provides the surgeon with a simultaneous visualization of planning models and navigated 2D ultrasound data while minimizing occlusion problems.
Proposal of new authentication method in Wi-Fi access using Bitcoin 2.0 (2016)

Recently, Wi-Fi hotspots are installed at several places. However most communications are not encrypted and the illegal can use it maliciously, therefore effective breakthrough are required. We propose a solution of these problems using a new method derived from Bitcoin. This method uses Blockchain and logs of user access are saved to it. The administrators can identify illegal person and collect user's statistics. Bitcoin address can be used as encryption keys for communications. The Blockchain also provides a platform of regional applications. Furthermore, systems can cooperate with others at different places.
TiO2-Modified Pd/SiO2 for Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol (2016)

TiO2-modified Pd/SiO2 catalysts (TixPd/SiO2) have been prepared using wet impregnation and characterized with N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. Their catalytic performance was examined for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol as a model component of bio-oil. A smaller Pd particle size was obtained by the addition of TiO2, which may contribute to the high conversion of guaiacol on TixPd/SiO2. A strong interaction between TiO2 and Pd occurred when the catalysts were reduced with H2 at 500 °C. TiOx covered on Pd particles can coordinate the oxygen atom in hydrogenation intermediates and activate the C–O bond that could contribute to the significantly enhanced deoxygenation activity. The results suggest that the catalytic HDO proceeds through hydrogenation of the benzene ring of guaiacol on Pd sites to form 2-methoxycyclohexanol, followed by deoxygenation on the sites at a reduced TiOx–Pd interface to generate cyclohexane.
Mapping strain modulated electronic structure perturbations in mixed phase bismuth ferrite thin films (2014)

A combination of atom column-by-column scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory shows how epitaxial strain alters the local electronic structure in mixed phase bismuth ferrite thin films.
Comparison of Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Assay of Steroid Receptors in Primary Breast Cancer Clinical Associations and Reasons for Discrepancies (2003)

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status was analysed in paraffin-embedded breast cancer material with immunohistochemical (IHC) technique and compared with corresponding analyses in cytosols (CYT). ER showed the same status (positive/negative) with both methods in 88% of the samples (352/402). The concordance was also high for PgR status (81% [321/394]). Besides values near cut-off, heterogeneity in the distribution of receptor positive and negative nuclei within a tumour sample was the main reason for discordances. Histological type, presence of sclerosis, necrosis and non-invasive cells, and technical artefacts seem to be of only limited importance for explaining discordances All patients have been treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for two years. The two subgroups, which were ER(CYT)+/ ER(IHC) + or ER(CYT)-/ER(IHC) +, both had a significantly better progression-free survival (PFS; median follow-up: almost 6 years) than the ER(CYT)-/ER(IHC)- group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). The remaining group, ER(CYT)+/ER(IHC)-, had an intermediate PFS. For PgR, the associations with PFS were weaker, with significantly better PFS than the PgR(CYT)-/PgR(IHC)- group being found only for the PgR(CYT) +/PgR(IHC)- group (p = 0.03).
Track condition and racing injuries in thoroughbred horses. (1986)

The incidences of fractures and soft tissue injuries during 68397 starts of thoroughbred horses at New York Racing Association tracks were analyzed concerning track condition, dirt and turf tracks, environmental conditions, length of races, location of fractures on the track, and age of horses. It was concluded that the conditions evaluated are of no importance in the occurrence of racing injuries to thoroughbred horses.
Novel Wideband Eddy Current Device for the Conductivity Measurement of Semiconductors (2016)

We report on the development and application of a brand-new contactless method based on eddy currents with a view to designing a generic apparatus for the characterization of some transport properties of a large range of semiconductors. The eddy current probe, constituted of a coil connected to a transmission line, interacts with the semiconductor wafer under inspection. The innovative approach of this letter consists in measuring the impedance of the coil by reflectometry using a broadband multicarrier test signal, i.e., containing multiple frequencies. An analytical electromagnetic model of the coil-wafer interaction is then used to estimate the conductivity of the wafer. This process results in a new contactless conductivity measurement system that exhibits a very wide conductivity measurement range and allows the characterization of a large variety of semiconductor materials. The device is also very fast potentially allowing the measurement of transport properties of semiconductors in fast transient conditions. As a practical example, the performance of our device is demonstrated by estimating the conductivity of a set of crystalline silicon wafers.
Gas movement through fractured landfill cover materials (1986)

Bidirectional gas movement through fractured landfill cover materials is being studied at the Mallard North Landfill in DuPage County, Illinois. Vertical pressure and concentration gradients were monitored during changing meteorological and soil moisture conditions. Nests of probes for direct observation of subsurface soil gas pressures were installed in the top of the refuse and at depths of 1.2 m and 0.6 m. Subsurface gas pressures, barometric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, air temperature, and precipitation were continuously monitored. A field gas chromatograph permitted frequent analysis of methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen in soil gas samples from the various probes. Tensiometers provided information on soil moisture conditions. During dry weather, soil gas pressures at all depths equilibrated rapidly with barometric pressure and exhibited diurnal variations that were inversely proportional to diurnal temperature variations. When cover materials became saturated, changes in soil gas pressures sometimes lagged behind changes in atmospheric pressure by two to three hours. Soil gas concentrations generally exhibited relatively small short-term variations, but responded over the longer term to changing soil moisture conditions. Carbon-dioxide:methane ratios suggest that an important near-surface process is the activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria, which consume methane that might otherwise be available tomore » a gas recovery system.« less
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Clinician (IDS‐C) and Self‐Report (IDS‐SR) ratings of depressive symptoms (2000)

Abstract This paper describes the rationale and methods entailed in developing the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) in both clinician‐rated (IDS‐C) and self‐reported (IDS‐SR) formats. Psychometric features of the both the IDS‐C and IDS‐SR are presented. These scales are compared to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS‐D) in the detection of symptom change in patients with major depressive (n = 184) or bipolar disorder (n = 141). The face validity and established psychometric features of the IDS‐C and IDS‐SR indicate that either may be useful in detecting symptom change, as well as in detecting residual symptoms in depressed patients. Further efforts to shorten each measure are indicated. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A Comprehensive Survey of Genomic Alterations in Gastric Cancer Reveals Recurrent Neoantigens as Potential Therapeutic Targets (2019)

Immunotherapy directed against cancer-specific neoantigens derived from non-silent mutants is a promising individualized strategy for cancer treatment. Neoantigens shared across patients could be used as a public resource for developing T cell-based therapy. To identify potential public neoantigens for therapy in gastric cancer (GC), 74 GC patients were enrolled in this study. Combined with the TCGA cohort and other published studies, whole exome sequencing data from 942 GC patients were used to detect somatic mutations and predict neoantigens shared by GC patients. The mutations pattern between our study and the TCGA cohort is comparable, and C > T is the most common substitution. The number of neoantigens was significantly higher in older patients (age ≥60) compared to younger patients (age <60), both in this study and the TCGA cohort. Recurrent neoantigens were found in eight genes (<i>TP53</i>, <i>PIK3CA</i>, <i>PGM5</i>, <i>ERBB3</i>, <i>C6</i>, <i>TRIM49C</i>, <i>OR4C16</i>, and <i>KRAS</i>) in this study. The neoantigen-associated mutations <i>PIK3CA</i> (p.H1047R) and <i>TP53</i> (p.R175H) are common across several cancer types, indicating their potential usage. Overall, our study illustrates a comprehensive genomic landscape of GC and provides the recurrent neoantigens to facilitate further immunotherapy.
Analysis of a Food-Borne Fungal Pathogen Outbreak: Virulence and Genome of a Mucor circinelloides Isolate from Yogurt (2014)

Food-borne pathogens are ongoing problems, and new pathogens are emerging. The impact of fungi, however, is largely underestimated. Recently, commercial yogurts contaminated with Mucor circinelloides were sold, and >200 consumers became ill with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mucoralean fungi cause the fatal fungal infection mucormycosis, whose incidence has been continuously increasing. In this study, we isolated an M. circinelloides strain from a yogurt container, and multilocus sequence typing identified the strain as Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides. M. circinelloides f. circinelloides is the most virulent M. circinelloides subspecies and is commonly associated with human infections, whereas M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus and M. circinelloides f. griseocyanus are less common causes of infection. Whole-genome analysis of the yogurt isolate confirmed it as being close to the M. circinelloides f. circinelloides subgroup, with a higher percentage of divergence with the M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus subgroup. In mating assays, the yogurt isolate formed sexual zygospores with the (-) M. circinelloides f. circinelloides tester strain, which is congruent with its sex locus encoding SexP, the (+) mating type sex determinant. The yogurt isolate was virulent in murine and wax moth larva host systems. In a murine gastromucormycosis model, Mucor was recovered from fecal samples of infected mice for up to 10 days, indicating that Mucor can survive transit through the GI tract. In interactions with human immune cells, M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus induced proinflammatory cytokines but M. circinelloides f. circinelloides did not, which may explain the different levels of virulence in mammalian hosts. This study demonstrates that M. circinelloides can spoil food products and cause gastrointestinal illness in consumers and may pose a particular risk to immunocompromised patients. Importance: The U.S. FDA reported that yogurt products were contaminated with M. circinelloides, a mucoralean fungal pathogen, and >200 consumers complained of symptoms, including vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. The manufacturer voluntarily withdrew the affected yogurt products from the market. Compared to other food-borne pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, less focus has been placed on the risk of fungal pathogens. This study evaluates the potential risk from the food-borne fungal pathogen M. circinelloides that was isolated from the contaminated commercial yogurt. We successfully cultured an M. circinelloides isolate and found that the isolate belongs to the species M. circinelloides f. circinelloides, which is often associated with human infections. In murine and insect host models, the isolate was virulent. While information disseminated in the popular press would suggest this fungal contaminant poses little or no risk to consumers, our results show instead that it is capable of causing significant infections in animals.
Laufband (Treadmill) Therapy in Incomplete Paraplegia and Tetraplegia (1999)

Recent reports indicate that intensive training of upright walking on a treadmill (German: Laufband, LB), significantly improves walking capability in spinal cord-damaged persons. The aids provided initially are body weight support by a harness and passive setting of one or both limbs by therapists. To facilitate stepping and evoke motor automatisms, "rules of spinal locomotion" need to be applied during training. The effects of this novel locomotion therapy on patients with chronic and acute incomplete paralysis are summarized and discussed here. Many patients with chronic paralysis, still wheelchair-bound and not capable of walking without help from others, became independent and learned to walk for some distance without help. Assessment of voluntary muscle activity in resting position before and after the period of therapy often showed only small increases, rendering the involvement of complex motor reflexes (motor programs) and better utilization of remaining muscle function during walking as main sources for the improvements in locomotion. This idea is supported by electromyographic recordings. Follow-up assessments performed 0.5 to 6.5 years after discharge from the hospital show that the significant improvements achieved by LB-therapy in patients with initially chronic paralysis can be maintained under domestic surrounding. Patients with initially acute paralysis improved their walking capabilities even further. It is suggested that LB therapy may be generally applied in the motor rehabilitation of persons with acute and chronic incomplete paraplegia and tetraplegia. Its use in other diseases is discussed.
Fusarubin and Anhydrofusarubin Isolated from A Cladosporium Species Inhibit Cell Growth in Human Cancer Cell Lines (2019)

<i>Cladosporium</i> species are endophytic fungi that grow on organic matter and are considered food contaminants. The anti-microbial and anti-tumor naphthoquinones fusarubin (FUS) and anhydrofusarubin (AFU) were isolated using column chromatography from a <i>Cladosporium</i> species residing inside <i>Rauwolfia</i> leaves. The impact of FUS and AFU on cell growth was assessed in acute myeloid leukemia (OCI-AML3) and other hematologic tumor cell lines (HL-60, U937, and Jurkat). Treatment with FUS or AFU reduced the number of OCI-AML3 cells as evaluated by a hemocytometer. Flow cytometry analyses showed that this effect was accompanied by diverse impairments in cell cycle progression. Specifically, FUS (20 or 10 μg/mL significantly decreased the percentage of cells in S phase and increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase, whereas AFU increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase (50 and 25 μg/mL) and decreased the percentage of cells in S (50 μg/mL) and G2/M (50 and 25 μg/mL) phases. Both substances significantly increased apoptosis at higher concentrations. The effects of FUS were more potent than those of AFU, with FUS up-regulating p21 expression in a p53-dependent manner, as detected by Western blot analyses, likely the consequence of decreased ERK phosphorylation and increased p38 expression (both of which increase p21 stability). FUS also decreased Akt phosphorylation and resulted in increased Fas ligand production and caspase-8/3-dependent apoptosis. These results suggest that FUS and AFU inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis in cell lines derived from hematological cancers.
Comparative review of foam formation in biogas plants and ruminant bloat (2012)

This review gives an overview of the current knowledge concerning the problem of foam formation in the process of anaerobic digestion in biogas plants that utilize renewable resources or biogenic waste material for biogas production. Process upsets in biogas production induced by foam formation can have a negative impact on the efficiency of biogas plants. The foam can block gas pipes and cause severe damage to the bioreactor equipment, ranging from a failure of the feeders to a damage of the roof of the biogas plant. The most common foam removal methods - stirring in the foam, adding anti-foaming agents, diminishing substrate feeding, and altering the biogas reactor management - are not always successful. However, the reasons for the excessive foam formation during the biogas production process have not yet been elucidated in detail. In contrast, foam building in the rumen of ruminants as a cause for bloat has been studied thoroughly. In general, the interaction between proteins, polysaccharides (mucilage), and small plant particles is assumed to be the crucial factor. As the fermentation process in the rumen has many similarities with the biogas production process, the current research results on bloat in ruminants are summarized and compared with the process of foaming in biogas plants.
Broadside-Coupled Niobium Flexible Cables (2023)

We have developed fine-pitch, multilayer, superconducting wiring for routing around a ninety-degree corner terminated with wirebonding interfaces. The component-level testbed for the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA) X-Ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) focal plane requires compact, high-density, low-crosstalk wiring fanout to connect the detectors in the focal plane array with NIST-fabricated SQUID time domain multiplexing (TDM) readout chips. The full assembly baselines two interface chips: a flexible interface chip bending around the corner and a planar silicon carrier chip. The TDM readout is indium bump-bonded to the silicon carrier and afterward the flexible chip is clipped in place and wirebonded to the detector and fanout wiring on the carrier. This assembly is repeated for each side of the hexagonal focal plane structure. As conventional commercial cables are not able to achieve the fine-pitch, low-crosstalk, superconducting wiring required, we fabricate these flexible interface chips in-house via lithographic patterning and etching of sputter deposited thin films to create broadside-coupled superconducting niobium microstrips. Within the chip, the wiring on the flexible polyimide region transitions to silicon substrate for the closely spaced wirebond pads. The Nb microstrip wiring climbing a thick polyimide sidewall presents a fabrication challenge which we shall discuss in this paper. We describe the function of these components to build an effective engineering testbed for the ATHENA X-IFU.
Virus-free survival and down-regulation of CD4 in C8166 cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at low density (1993)

Compared with other T cell lines, C8166 lymphocytes are particularly susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the outcome is invariably cell death. The results reported in this study demonstrate that the virus-induced cytolysis is strongly dependent on the initial cell density of C8166 cultures. Cultures diluted to 50 to 500 cells/ml almost completely maintained their cell duplication rate and released infectious virus into the medium. HIV infection of diluted C8166 cells is a simple and easily reproducible procedure for obtaining persistently infected cultures. These cultures contained genomic and extragenomic HIV DNA, the latter being assayed by PCR for two-long terminal repeat circular forms. The status of persistent infection disappeared within 2 months. The recovery is due to the replacement of CD4 down-regulated infected cells by overgrowing uninfected cell variants, which are transcriptionally inactive for CD4. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of these variants in persistently infected cultures are considered.
MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT CAUSE FACTORS AND IDENTIFICATION OF COUNTERMEASURES. VOLUME I: TECHNICAL REPORT (1981)

The report presents the data and findings from the on-scene, in-depth investigations of 900 motorcycle accidents and the analysis of 3600 motorcycle traffic accident reports in the same study area. Comprehensive data covers details of environmental, vehicle and human factors. The analysis of these data identify cause factors of motorcycle accidents, relates the effectiveness of safety equipment and protective devices, and identifies countermeasures for accident and injury prevention. Volume I contains the data analysis, findings, conclusions and recommended countermeasures.
‘Ultraslow-Light’ and Flipping Property of the Crisscrossed-assisted Coupled-Ring Reflector (2023)

We report two new behaviors of the recently reported crisscross-coupled microring resonator structure, namely (i) ‘ultraslow light’ propagation under symmetric parameter conditions, and (ii) a “flipping property” in the group delay under asymmetric parameter conditions. These properties can be utilized in numerous optical-based applications.
Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using an Artificial Neural Network Cloud Classification System (2004)

Abstract A satellite-based rainfall estimation algorithm, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) Cloud Classification System (CCS), is described. This algorithm extracts local and regional cloud features from infrared (10.7 μm) geostationary satellite imagery in estimating finescale (0.04° × 0.04° every 30 min) rainfall distribution. This algorithm processes satellite cloud images into pixel rain rates by 1) separating cloud images into distinctive cloud patches; 2) extracting cloud features, including coldness, geometry, and texture; 3) clustering cloud patches into well-organized subgroups; and 4) calibrating cloud-top temperature and rainfall (Tb–R) relationships for the classified cloud groups using gauge-corrected radar hourly rainfall data. Several cloud-patch categories with unique cloud-patch features and Tb–R curves were identified and explained. Radar and gauge rainfall measurements were both used to evaluate the PERSIANN CCS rainfall estimates at a range of temporal (hourly and daily) and spatial (0.04°, 0.12°, and 0.25°) scales. Hourly evaluation shows that the correlation coefficient (CC) is 0.45 (0.59) at a 0.04° (0.25°) grid scale. The averaged CC of daily rainfall is 0.57 (0.63) for the winter (summer) season.