gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage Detection of Composite Structure Using Independent Component Analysis (2011)

This paper studies the application of independent component analysis (ICA) to structural health monitoring (SHM). The ICA technique is used to extract features from measurement sensors of a smart composite structure. To enhance information about damage, we propose a new damage detection methodology, based on the analysis of a symmetric matrix obtained from the mixing matrix. The subspaces associated to the symmetric matrix are used to define a damage index (DI). Furthermore, we propose a bound associated to this DI and decision on the state of the structure is taken. Experimentation on a composite smart structure shows the performance of the proposed approach.
Single Crystal Magnetic Measurements of the Molecular Magnet NH4Ni(mnt)2.H2O (1995)

Abstract We report measurements of the magnetic properties of the molecular magnet NH4Ni(mnt)2.H2O. The magnetic exchange in this salt is ferromagnetic below 100K, with a Weiss constant of 7 K. Long range magnetic ordering is observed below 5 K. Single crystals of this salt have been studied down to 2 K in a SQUID magnetometer. The salt is found to have hard and easy magnetisation directions. Magnetisation of 1800 emuG/mol at 2 kOe was measured at 2 K for magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the molecular stacking axis.
Capacitive Sensors (1995)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Brief Description of Commercial Capacitive Sensors Microfabricated Capacitive Sensors Trends in Capacitive Physical Sensors References
A practical type system and language for reference immutability (2004)

This paper describes a type system that is capable of expressing and enforcing immutability constraints. The specific constraint expressed is that the abstract state of the object to which an immutable reference refers cannot be modified using that reference. The abstract state is (part of) the transitively reachable state: that is, the state of the object and all state reachable from it by following references. The type system permits explicitly excluding fields or objects from the abstract state of an object. For a statically type-safe language, the type system guarantees reference immutability. If the language is extended with immutability downcasts, then run-time checks enforce the reference immutability constraints.
The Role of Electron Affinity in Determining Whether Fullerenes Catalyze or Inhibit Photooxidation of Polymers for Solar Cells (2012)

Abstract Understanding the stability and degradation mechanisms of organic solar materials is critically important to achieving long device lifetimes. Here, an investigation of the photodegradation of polymer:fullerene blend films exposed to ambient conditions for a variety of polymer and fullerene derivative combinations is presented. Despite the wide range in polymer stabilities to photodegradation, the rate of irreversible polymer photobleaching in blend films is found to consistently and dramatically increase with decreasing electron affinity of the fullerene derivative. Furthermore, blends containing fullerenes with the smallest electron affinities photobleached at a faster rate than films of the pure polymer. These observations can be explained by a mechanism where both the polymer and fullerene donate photogenerated electrons to diatomic oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion which degrades the polymer.
Production of (S)-2-aminobutyric acid and (S)-2-aminobutanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2017)

Our results demonstrate the biosynthesis of (S)-2-aminobutyric acid and (S)-2-aminobutanol in yeast. To our knowledge this is the first time that the purely synthetic compound (S)-2-aminobutanol has been produced in vivo. This work paves the way to greener and more sustainable production of chemical entities hitherto inaccessible to synthetic biology.
[Disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by endotoxin in rabbits: effect of treatment with t-PA and urokinase]. (1992)

High-dose t-PA has beneficial effects on endotoxin-induced DIC in rabbits. UK failed to achieve such effect at the doses given in this experimental DIC model.
Elucidating the Phosphate Binding Mode of Phosphate-Binding Protein: The Critical Effect of Buffer Solution (2018)

Phosphate is an essential component of cell functions, and the specific transport of phosphorus into a cell is mediated by phosphate-binding protein (PBP). The mechanism of PBP-phosphate recognition remains controversial: on the basis of similar binding affinities at acidic and basic pHs, it is believed that the hydrogen network in the binding site is flexible to adapt to different protonation states of phosphates. However, only hydrogen (1H) phosphate was observed in the sub-angstrom X-ray structures. To address this inconsistency, we performed molecular dynamics simulations using the AMOEBA polarizable force field. Structural and free energy data from simulations suggested that 1H phosphate was the preferred bound form at both pHs. The binding of dihydrogen (2H) phosphate disrupted the hydrogen-bond network in the PBP pocket, and the computed affinity was much weaker than that of 1H phosphate. Furthermore, we showed that the discrepancy in the studies described above is resolved if the interaction between phosphate and the buffer agent is taken into account. The calculated apparent binding affinities are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. Our results suggest the high specificity of PBP for 1H phosphate and highlight the importance of the buffer solution for the binding of highly charged ligands.
A Micromechanics-Based Finite Element Model for Compressive Failure of Notched Uniply Composite Laminates Under Remote Biaxial Loads (1999)

A micromechanics based failure initiation predictive capability for analyzing notched composite laminates loaded remotely in multiaxial compression is reported. The model relies on the results from a previous experimental study that investigated compression failure mechanisms in special “uniply” composite laminates. The finite element method (FEM) was used in the solution process. The experimental results showed that the dominant mode of failure initiation was kink banding near the hole edge. The kink band was confined in extent to a distance within one half of the hole radius. The fibers within the kink band were rotated both in plane and out of the plane of the laminate. The position of the kink band with respect to the center of the notch depended on the remote biaxial load ration. In the FEM, the region in which kink banding takes place is contained within a finite size rectangular area, and is meshed as an alternatingly stacked region of fiber and matrix layers. The values of boundary loads on this rectangular area which correspond to kink banding is related to the remotely applied loads via an available closed form analysis for orthotropic laminates. Good agreement is found between experiment and analysis for a wide range of notch sizes.
Data-Efficient Minimax Quickest Change Detection in a Decentralized System (2015)

Abstract A sensor network is considered where a sequence of random variables is observed at each sensor. At each time step, a processed version of the observations is transmitted from the sensors to a common node called the fusion center. At some unknown point in time the distribution of the observations at all of the sensor nodes changes. The objective is to detect this change in distribution as quickly as possible, subject to constraints on the false alarm rate and the cost of observations taken at each sensor. Minimax problem formulations are proposed for the above problem. A data-efficient algorithm is proposed in which an adaptive sampling strategy is used at each sensor to control the cost of observations used before change. To conserve the cost of communication an occasional binary digit is transmitted from each sensor to the fusion center. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is globally asymptotically optimal for the proposed formulations, as the false alarm rate goes to zero.
Evaluating the environmental impact of traffic congestion based on sparse mobile crowd-sourced data (2017)

Traffic congestion at arterial intersections and freeway bottleneck degrades the air quality and threatens the public health. Conventionally, air pollutant are monitored by sparsely-distributed Quality Assurance Air Monitoring Sites. Sparse mobile crowd-sourced data, such as cellular network data and GPS data, provide an alternative approach to evaluate the environmental impact of traffic congestion. This research establishes a framework for traffic-related air pollution evaluation using sparse mobile data and PeMS data. The proposed framework integrates traffic state model, emission model (EMFAC) and dispersion model (AERMOD). It develops an effective tool to evaluate the environmental impact of traffic congestion in an accurate, timely and economic way. The proposed model is applicable to varying traffic conditions and multiple transport modes on either urban arterial or freeways. The proposed system will provide suggestions to the transportation operator and public health officials to alleviate the risk of air pollutant, and can serve as a platform for other potential applications, such as eco-routing and eco-signal timing.
Validation of Risk Scoring Systems in Ursodeoxycholic Acid–Treated Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2019)

In our international, multicenter PBC cohort, the GLOBE and UK-PBC risk scoring systems were good predictors of future cirrhosis-related complications.
Graphical calculus for Gaussian pure states (2011)

We provide a unified graphical calculus for all Gaussian pure states, including graph transformation rules for all local and semilocal Gaussian unitary operations, as well as local quadrature measurements. We then use this graphical calculus to analyze continuous-variable (CV) cluster states, the essential resource for one-way quantum computing with CV systems. Current graphical approaches to CV cluster states are only valid in the unphysical limit of infinite squeezing, and the associated graph transformation rules only apply when the initial and final states are of this form. Our formalism applies to all Gaussian pure states and subsumes these rules in a natural way. In addition, the term ``CV graph state'' currently has several inequivalent definitions in use. Using this formalism we provide a single unifying definition that encompasses all of them. We provide many examples of how the formalism may be used in the context of CV cluster states: defining the ``closest'' CV cluster state to a given Gaussian pure state and quantifying the error in the approximation due to finite squeezing; analyzing the optimality of certain methods of generating CV cluster states; drawing connections between this graphical formalism and bosonic Hamiltonians with Gaussian ground states, including those useful for CV one-way quantum computing; and deriving a graphical measure of bipartite entanglement for certain classes of CV cluster states. We mention other possible applications of this formalism and conclude with a brief note on fault tolerance in CV one-way quantum computing.
Zur Tautomerie kovalenter Cyanide – Reaktionen der Isonitrilform mit Hexafluoraceton (1986)

Abstract Aus Me 3 SiCN und Hexafluoraceton (HFA) werden die Verbindungen Me 3 SiOC(CF 3 ) 2 CN ( 1 ) sowie, je nach Reaktionsbedingungen, die 1,3‐Dioxolane Me 3 SiNC(HFA) 2 ( 2 ) oder Me 3 SiOC(CF 3 ) 2 NC(HFA) 2 ( 3 ) erhalten. Das Dioxolan 2 ergibt mit ClF die Dioxolane 4, 5 , mit SeOCl 2 das Bis(dioxolanylidenamino)selendichlorid Cl 2 Se[NC(HFA) 2 ] 2 ( 6 ), mit BBr 3 die (Dioxolanylidenamino)borane Br 3−n B[NC(HFA) 2 ] n ( 7, 8 ) und mit Ph 2 PCl den Bicyclus 9 .
Amyloid Deposits in the Retina of the Human Eye are Biomarkers of Two Different Diseases (2020)

Retinal amyloid deposits were studied ex vivo in three-dimensions using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Some deposits were found in association with blood vessels with morphologies that resembled those reported in association with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Others associated with neural cell layers, previously imaged in atomic force microscopy, had morphologies similar to those typically reported in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Deposits associated with neural cell layers, imaged here, differed from the previous two morphologies.
Low Temperature Wafer Bonding: Plasma Assisted Silicon Direct Bonding vs. Silicon-Gold Eutectic Bonding (2008)

This paper describes the development of two bonding techniques for structured silicon wafer pairs. The focus was set to low-temperature bonding to make the process compatible to a broad range of applications. First, we present a low temperature plasma-assisted hydrophilic bonding process that can be applied using standard clean room equipment. Unfortunately, direct bonding requires a smooth, undisturbed bonding surface with a roughness in the angstrom regime as a crucial prerequisite. Some complex MEMS process flows are unable to comply with that. Therefore, the second focus was set onto an eutectic silicon-gold wafer bonding process, that has a good tolerance against surface topographies due to the formation of a liquid phase at the bond interface. For surface characterization, contact angle and AFM measurements were carried out, the mechanical characterization of the bond was done by a blister and a tensile test method. Finally, a bonded micro fluidic device is presented.
The Influence of Solvent and Chloramine Structure on the Free-Radical Rearrangement Products of N-Chlorodialkylamines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Influence of Solvent and Chloramine Structure on the Free-Radical Rearrangement Products of N-ChlorodialkylaminesRobert S. Neale, Maria R. Walsh, and Nancy L. MarcusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 11, 3683–3688Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01022a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01022a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of multipinhole collimators for cardiac SPECT (2007)

550 Objectives: Multipinhole (MP) collimators are used as an alternative to parallel hole collimators for high efficiency myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. However, MP SPECT can be affected by artifacts introduced by limited angular sampling and attenuation. The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiac MP SPECT in terms of detection efficiency and image quality as function of angular sampling. Methods: We performed SPECT studies with custom 9 pinhole collimators (4.5 mm diameter pinholes) on a dual-headed GE Infinia Hawkeye system to image a myocardial insert containing 74 MBq 99mTc supported in an unfilled anthropomorphic torso phantom. The phantom was imaged with four 90s projections of the MP collimators positioned left lateral (LL), left anterior oblique (LAO), anterior (A), and right anterior oblique (RAO). The MP data then were reconstructed with a custom MLEM algorithm. To study the effect of angular sampling, different combinations of the MP projections were reconstructed: LAO, LAO+RAO, LL+A, LL+LAO+A, and all 4 projections. The reconstructed data were compared against results obtained with parallel hole (LEHR) collimators. The activity level in the phantom and imaging times guaranteed that none of the reconstructions were noise limited. In addition, we measured distance dependent spatial resolution and detection efficiency of the LEHR collimator and the MP collimator using point sources. Results: The image quality strongly varied with the number of views and the angular position of the MP collimator. While 3 to 4 views delivered comparable image quality to the parallel hole collimator, one view (LAO) and two views (LL+A) produced severely compromised image quality. However, positioning the MP collimator LAO+RAO delivered image quality almost comparable to the parallel hole collimator. Spatial resolution of the two collimators was comparable with the MP collimator exhibiting up to 5-fold higher detection efficiency at 10 cm distance. The detection efficiency degraded with distance from the collimator face yielding on average a 3-fold gain. Similarly, the cardiac phantom experiments showed 2-3 fold higher detection efficiency of the MP collimator depending on the imaging position. Conclusions: We demonstrated that MP collimators for cardiac imaging can have comparable image quality as parallel hole collimators but significantly higher detection efficiency.
Effects of adding enzymes to diets with corn- and sorghum-based dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and finishing pigs (2008)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of added enzymes on the nutritional value of diets with corn- and sorghum-based dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). For Exp. 1, 180 weanling pigs (initially 16.6 lb) were fed the same starter diet for 10 d and then used in a 27-d growth assay. There were 6 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were a corn-soybean meal-based control and diets with 30% corn-based (Hudson, SD) and sorghum-based (Russell, KS) DDGS with and without enzymes (a cocktail of ÃŸ-glucanase, protease, Î±-amylase, and xylanase to supply 331, 1,102, 2,205, and 8,818 units of activity, respec-tively, per pound of diet). Pigs fed the control diet had greater (P < 0.003) ADG, ADFI, and digestibility of DM, N, and GE than pigs fed the DDGS treatments; sorghum-based DDGS supported worse (P < 0.04) F/G and digestibilities of N and GE than corn-based DDGS. Addition of enzymes tended to improve F/G (P < 0.09) and did improve digestibility of DM (P < 0.04) for pigs fed diets with 30% DDGS, and this response was similar regardless of DDGS source. For Exp. 2, 330 finishing pigs (initially 141 lb) were used in a 65-d growth assay. There were 11 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were the same as in Exp. 1, but 40% DDGS was used in diets for the finishing experiment. Pigs fed the control diet had greater ADG, ADFI, and digestibility of DM, N, and GE and lower iodine value than pigs fed the DDGS treatments (P < 0.008). Pigs fed the corn-based DDGS treatments had better F/G and digestibility of DM, N, and GE but greater iodine value of jowl fat than pigs fed the sorghum-based DDGS treatments (P < 0.04). Enzymes improved digestibility of DM, N, and GE (P < 0.01), especially for diets with sorghum-based DDGS (DDGS source Ã— enzyme interaction, P < 0.10). In conclusion, growth performance and nutrient digestibility were decreased with addition of DDGS to diets for nursery and finishing pigs, but adding enzymes partially restored the losses in nutrient digestibility.; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008
Integrating Agents, Ontologies, and Semantic Web Services for Collaboration on the Semantic Web (2005)

In fact, the vision of the Semantic Web proclaims seamless support for automated collaboration over the Web. Collaboration is concerned with cooperative interaction of individuals for achieving complex objectives; appropriate technologies for automated collaboration support on the Semantic Web need to reflect the nature of collaboration on the one hand, and, on the other, to comply with several technical requirements arising for Semantic Web technology. This paper presents an approach for combing agent technology, ontologies, and Semantic Web Services into a coherent, integrated technology for automated collaboration support on
Structural Elucidation and Functional Characterization of the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Effector Protein ATR13 (2011)

The oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is the causal agent of downy mildew on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and has been adapted as a model system to investigate pathogen virulence strategies and plant disease resistance mechanisms. Recognition of Hpa infection occurs when plant resistance proteins (R-genes) detect the presence or activity of pathogen-derived protein effectors delivered to the plant host. This study examines the Hpa effector ATR13 Emco5 and its recognition by RPP13-Nd, the cognate R-gene that triggers programmed cell death (HR) in the presence of recognized ATR13 variants. Herein, we use NMR to solve the backbone structure of ATR13 Emco5, revealing both a helical domain and a disordered internal loop. Additionally, we use site-directed and random mutagenesis to identify several amino acid residues involved in the recognition response conferred by RPP13-Nd. Using our structure as a scaffold, we map these residues to one of two surface-exposed patches of residues under diversifying selection. Exploring possible roles of the disordered region within the ATR13 structure, we perform domain swapping experiments and identify a peptide sequence involved in nucleolar localization. We conclude that ATR13 is a highly dynamic protein with no clear structural homologues that contains two surface-exposed patches of polymorphism, only one of which is involved in RPP13-Nd recognition specificity.