gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Efficacy of Mode Switching During Atrial Fibrillation Using Automatic Atrial Sensitivity Adjustment (1999)

Automatic mode switching (AMS) during atrial fibrillation (AF) in a dual chamber pacemaker is dependent on the accurate detection of an atrial electrogram. As atrial amplitude is often reduced during AF compared with sinus rhythm, this may result in failure of the AMS and a rapid ventricular response. In addition, undersensing of AF may result in competitive atrial pacing that sustains AF. We hypothesize that the use of automatic atrial sensitivity adjustment (ASA) may enhance AF sensing in a dual chamber pacemaker. We studied the AMS response with and without ASA of the Marathon DDDR (model 294-09, Intermedics, Inc.) pacemaker in 10 patients with paroxysmal AF. Intracardiac atrial electrograms during sinus rhythm and induced AF were recorded onto an analog tape recorder. They were replayed into the pacemaker to assess the AMS response at various starting atrial sensitivities from 3.5 to 0.8 mV with ASA activated and without. Atrial amplitude was reduced during AF. The higher the initial atrial sensitivity, the better is the AMS response and the lower the incidence of AF undersensing. The percentage of AMS before ASA ranged from 2.1% at an atrial sensitivity 3.5 mV to 95.6% at highest sensitivity of 0.5 mV (P < 0.05). After 10 minutes of ASA, the AMS response was improved from 1.7% to 50.6% and from 9.5% to 50.9% at starting atrial sensitivities of 3.5 mV and 2.5 mV, respectively (P < 0.05 in both instances). Undersensing during AF was also significantly reduced after ASA from 70% to 10% at a sensitivity of 3.5 mV and from 33.8% to 10.8% at 2.5 mV. There was no increase in oversensing. In four patients with paroxysmal AF with an implanted pacemaker, ASA improved AMS response in patients with a low implant atrial amplitude. In conclusion, efficacy of mode switching and AF sensing are dependent on the programmed atrial sensitivity, which can be enhanced with the use of ASA, particularly when P wave sensing during AF is borderline.
Focal intensity landscapes of tightly focused spatially varying bright ellipse fields (2022)

Abstract Vector vortex beams play an important role in tailoring tightly focused fields by creating an additional longitudinal component at the focal plane. Until now, mainly focusing properties of fundamental, higher order vector fields and negative indexed ellipse fields have been investigated. In this paper we numerically analyze tight focusing behaviour of ellipse fields embedding C-point singularities of index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:math> . We show that both the sign and absolute value of C-point index ( I C ) of the ellipse fields play an important role in tailoring the focal intensity landscapes. For negative index C-points the intensity distribution of the longitudinal components show symmetries that correspond to the number of separatrices present in the polarization distribution. At the focal plane, both transverse and longitudinal components of the ellipse fields are found to be embedded with phase singularities. These ellipse fields can be useful in advanced microscopy for shaping the focus of light fields for various applications.
Computing 3D magnetic fields from insertion devices (2002)

A 3D magnetostatics computer code optimized for Undulators and Wigglers is described. The code uses a boundary integral method and makes extensive use of analytical expressions for the field and field integrals along a straight line. The code outperforms currently available finite element packages in the area of simple data input, CPU time of the solver and accuracy reached for the estimation of field integrals. It is written in C++ and takes advantage of object-oriented programming. The code is interfaced to Mathematica. Pre- and post-processing of the field data is done in the Mathematica Language. It has been extensively benchmarked with respect to a commercial finite element code. All ESRF Insertion Devices built during the last 4 years have been designed using this code or an older version.
Transmission of molecular fluorescence through a thin metal film by surface plasmons (1988)

We examine the use of surface plasmons to mediate the transport of molecular fluorescence across a corrugated thin metal film deposited onto a luminescent material. We find that for a given wavelength component, the amount of fluorescence reradiated by the long-range surface plasmon into a narrow angular range can be as large as ∼30% of that emitted isotropically into the medium above the sample in the absence of the metal layer.
Etude du procédé de densification par caléfaction de composites C/C, modélisation, optimatisation du contrôle et du bilan énergétique (2015)

Le présent travail est réalisé dans le cadre de l’étude d’un procédé industriel de densification de matériaux composites carbone/carbone (C/C) destinés aux freins d’avion. Une préforme poreuse de fibres de carbone baigne dans un précurseur liquide et elle est chauffée par induction électromagnétique radio-fréquence. Le précurseur porté à ébullition dans l’espace poral crée un dépôt de carbone dans les zones les plus chaudes ; ce dépôt constitue la matrice du composite. On propose une modélisation physico-chimique de ce procédé afin d’en assurer le contrôle et l’optimisation. Le travail a consisté à développer un solveur couplant l’induction électromagnétique avec les transferts de masse, de chaleur, de mouvement et d’espèces chimiques, en incluant l’ébullition et le dépôt chimique. Le modèle inclut le circuit électrique complet permettant d’effectuer le chauffage : il permet donc de suivre en temps réel et de façon non destructive l’avancement de la densification par l’évolution des grandeurs électriques. Une formulation originale adaptée à la représentation simultanée du liquide, du gaz et de la zone en ébullition a été développée et implémentée avec succès dans un logiciel commercial d’éléments finis. Les résultats de la simulation sont comparés avec les données obtenues sur le moyen expérimental, avec un bon accord. Enfin, la simulation est utilisée pour proposer des pistes d’amélioration du procédé, en altérant la géométrie du dispositif de chauffage par induction et en modifiant la stratégie de pilotage en puissance.
Molecular Mechanisms of Increased Nitric Oxide (NO) in Asthma: Evidence for Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of NO Synthesis (2000)

Evidence supporting increased nitric oxide (NO) in asthma is substantial, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to increased NO are not known. Here, we provide a clear picture of the events regulating NO synthesis in the human asthmatic airway in vivo. We show that human airway epithelium has abundant expression of NO synthase II (NOSII) due to continuous transcriptional activation of the gene in vivo. Individuals with asthma have higher than normal NO concentrations and increased NOSII mRNA and protein due to transcriptional regulation through activation of Stat1. NOSII mRNA expression decreases in asthmatics receiving inhaled corticosteroid, treatment effective in reducing inflammation in asthmatic airways. In addition to transcriptional mechanisms, post-translational events contribute to increased NO synthesis. Specifically, high output production of NO is fueled by a previously unsuspected increase in the NOS substrate, l -arginine, in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic individuals. Finally, nitration of proteins in airway epithelium provide evidence of functional consequences of increased NO. In conclusion, these studies define multiple mechanisms that function coordinately to support high level NO synthesis in the asthmatic airway. These findings represent a crucial cornerstone for future therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating NO synthesis in asthma.
Antiasthmatic Activity of a Macrolide Antibiotic, Roxithromycin: Analysis of Possible Mechanisms in vitro and in vivo (1994)

This study was designed to examine the possible mechanisms by which macrolide antibiotics favorably influence the clinical course of asthmatic patients. In the first set of experiments, we investigated the effect of roxithromycin (RXM), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic, on in vitro cytokine secretion by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood leukocytes. RXM suppressed the secretion of T cell cytokine interleukins (IL) 2-4 and monocyte cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. This inhibitory effects on cytokine secretion was dose dependent and firstly noted at a concentration of as little as 0.5 microgram/ml which is much lower than therapeutic blood levels. In the second part of experiments, we examined the influence of RXM on cytokine appearance in mouse lung extract induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation and on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in LPS-treated mice. As compared with mice pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline, RXM administered orally at a single dose of 5 mg/kg once a day for 21 days inhibited the appearance of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in aqueous lung extracts. Pretreatment with RXM also decreased the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine induced by intratracheal injection of LPS. We conclude that the attenuating effect of macrolide antibiotics on asthmatic syndromes might be explained partially by their inhibitory effects on cytokine secretion from leukocytes.
Experimental study of polarization properties of near IR sensitive photopolymer holograms (2003)

In the present work, we study the polarization properties of obtained diffraction gratings. A strong anisotropy was observed while monitoring diffraction efficicency during recording of the gratings. Angular selectivity studies for different incident polarizations will provide us important information on the LC molecules and droplet orientation.
Annihilation of the persistent luminescence of MAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ by Sm 3+ co-doping (2004)

The calcium aluminates doped with the Eu 2+ and Nd 3+ ions, CaAl2O4:Eu 2+ ,Nd 3+ , are a novel and e9cient persistent luminescence (i.e. afterglow) material. The Nd 3+ ions were found to enhance the persistent luminescence. Some other R 3+ co-dopants had similar or opposite, though weaker, e:ect. The Sm 3+ (and Yb 3+ ) ions suppressed almost completely the persistent luminescence and thermoluminescence ofthe Eu 2+ ion. From the UV-excited luminescence and persistent luminescence spectra it was found that the Eu 2+ ion acts as a luminescent centre with luminescence at the blue (� max = 440 nm) region. The Sm 3+ ion was reduced to the divalent state. The thermoluminescence glow curves ofthe CaAl 2O4:Eu 2+ ,Sm 3+ material showed that the high-temperature glow peaks, i.e. deep traps, were suppressed almost completely. The Nd:YAG laser-excited high-resolution photoluminescence ofthe Sm 2+ ion conBrmed that the Eu 2+ ion occupies only one Ca 2+ site. Only weak perturbations were observed in the Sm 2+ site due to the changes in the environment ofthe Sm 2+ site.
Characterization of an immortalized human granulosa cell line (COV434) (2000)

We have investigated the biological characteristics of an immortalized granulosa cell line (COV434), which may be used to study follicular and oocyte maturation in vitro. Granulosa cell function was defined as consisting of three distinct properties: (i) production of 17beta-oestradiol in response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); (ii) presence of specific molecular markers of apoptosis enabling the induction of follicular atresia; and (iii) capacity to form intercellular connections with cells surrounding an oocyte. The addition of FSH to the culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 4-androstene-3,17-dione resulted in proliferation of the COV434 granulosa cells and in an increased synthesis of 17beta-oestradiol, indicating the presence of the FSH receptor and cytochrome P450 aromatase in these cells. The receptor for luteinizing hormone (LH) was undetectable. Similar expression of various apoptosis-associated genes was found in COV434 granulosa cells and in granulosa cells of patients stimulated with gonadotrophins for in-vitro fertilization, thus indicating that the immortalized COV434 granulosa cells were able to sustain apoptosis. Multiple intercellular connections were formed during co-culture of COV434 granulosa cells with cumulus cells containing an immature oocyte but not with cumulus cells devoid of an oocyte. Detailed morphological analysis of the intercellular connections with scanning electron microscopy and confocal light microscopy demonstrated the presence of long slender structures. It is concluded that the immortalized human granulosa cell line COV434 may be useful for experimental studies on follicular development.
Metabolism of Lamotrigine to a Reactive Arene Oxide Intermediate (2000)

Lamotrigine [3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine] is an antiepileptic drug associated with hypersensitivity reactions which are thought to be an immunological response to metabolically generated drug-protein adducts. The o-dichlorophenyl moiety is a potential site for bioactivation of the drug to an arene oxide. The metabolites of [(14)C]lamotrigine (78 micromol/kg, iv) in adult male Wistar rats were characterized with particular reference to thioether derivatives of an epoxide intermediate. Biliary recovery of radioactivity from anesthetized and cannulated animals was 7.3 +/- 3.0% (mean +/- SD, n = 4) of the dose over 4 h; 5.5 +/- 0.5% was recovered in bladder urine after 4 h. Bile contained [(14)C]lamotrigine (1.4 +/- 0.3%), a glutathione adduct of [(14)C]dihydrohydroxylamotrigine (1.8 +/- 0.3%), i.e., an adduct of an arene oxide, and the glutathione (1.5 +/- 0.7%), cysteinylglycine (1.9 +/- 0.5%), and N-acetylcysteine (0.4 +/- 0.2%) adducts of [(14)C]lamotrigine. Formation of the thioether metabolites was partially blocked by the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, ketoconazole. Urine contained [(14)C]lamotrigine (4.5 +/- 0.5%) and [(14)C]lamotrigine N-oxide (0.9 +/- 0.2%). The radiolabeled material in skin (15.6 +/- 1.4%) was almost entirely [(14)C]lamotrigine. Isolated rat hepatocytes achieved a low rate of turnover to the glutathione adduct and N-oxide. However, neither rat nor human liver microsomes catalyzed NADPH-dependent irreversible binding. Lamotrigine can be bioactivated to an arene oxide by rat hepatocytes in the absence of a major competing pathway such as N-glucuronidation. Inhibition of N-glucuronidation has been associated with an increased risk of skin reactions in patients.
Abstract PS17-16: Sar439859, a novel selective estrogen receptor degrader (serd), demonstrates effective and broad antitumor activity in wild-type and mutant er-positive breast cancer models (2021)

Abstract Primary treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is endocrine therapy. However, substantial evidence indicates a continued role for ER signaling in tumor progression. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), such as fulvestrant, induce effective ER signaling inhibition, although clinical studies with fulvestrant report insufficient blockade of ER signaling, possibly due to suboptimal pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, activating mutations in the ER have emerged as a resistance mechanism to current endocrine therapies. New oral SERDs with improved drug properties are under clinical investigation, but the biological profile that could translate to improved therapeutic benefit remains unclear. Here we describe the discovery of SAR439859, a novel, orally bioavailable SERD with potent antagonist and degradation activities against both wild-type and mutant Y537S ER. Driven by its fluoropropyl pyrrolidinyl side chain, SAR439859 has demonstrated broader and superior ER antagonist and degrader activities across a large panel of ER+ cells, compared with other SERDs characterized by a cinnamic acid side chain, including improved inhibition of ER signaling and tumor cell growth. Similarly, in vivo treatment with SAR439859 demonstrated significant tumor regression in ER+ breast cancer models including MCF7-ESR1 wild type and mutant-Y537S mouse tumors, and HCI013, a patient-derived tamoxifen-resistant xenograft tumor. These findings indicate that SAR439859 may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with ER+ breast cancer, including those have resistance to endocrine therapy with both wild-type and mutant ER. This presentation will highlight the global profile and key features of new SERD and its translation to patient. Citation Format: Maysoun Shomali, Fangxian Sun, Mikhail Levit, Jack Pollard, Joon Sang Lee, Laurent Schio, Youssef El-Ahmad, Chris Soria, Patrick Cohen, Laurent Debussche, Monsif Bouaboula. Sar439859, a novel selective estrogen receptor degrader (serd), demonstrates effective and broad antitumor activity in wild-type and mutant er-positive breast cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS17-16.
Substitution of Fog Oil with Diesel Fuel Using a Thermomechanical Approach. (1986)

The primary objective of this work was to investigate the possibility of improving the quality (yield and persistence) of diesel fuel as a screening smoke by thermomechanical means such as controlling the degrees of superheat in the diesel fuel vapors and the rates of formation of condensation nuclei via nozzle design and mixing with ambient air. A smoke tunnel 42 inches in cross-section and 16 feet long was constructed. The obscuring power of the smoke was quantified by measuring light transmitted by a helium-neon laser light source. Results of the work to date indicate that substantial improvement in the quality of diesel fuel smoke can be achieved by thermomechanical means. Dispersal of a solid such as talc in the diesel smoke also increased obscuration but no dramatically. Keywords: smoke generation; smoke additives; nozzle design; air entrainment.
Targeting the Immunoregulator SRA/CD204 Potentiates Specific Dendritic Cell Vaccine-Induced T-cell Response and Antitumor Immunity (2011)

Although dendritic cell (DC) vaccines offer promise as cancer immunotherapy, further improvements are needed to amplify their clinical therapeutic efficacy. The pattern recognition scavenger receptor SRA/CD204 attenuates the ability of DCs to activate CD8(+) T-cell responses. Therefore, we examined the impact of SRA/CD204 on antitumor responses generated by DC vaccines and we also evaluated the feasibility of enhancing DC vaccine potency by SRA/CD204 blockade. DCs from SRA/CD204-deficient mice were more immunogenic in generating antitumor responses to B16 melanoma, compared with DCs from wild-type mice. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRA/CD204 by lentiviral vectors improved the ability of wild-type DCs to stimulate the expansion and activation of CD8(+) T cells specific for idealized or established melanoma antigens in mice. Using SRA/CD204-silenced DCs to generate antigen-targeted vaccines, we documented a marked increase in the level of antitumor immunity achieved against established B16 tumors and metastases. This increase was associated with enhanced activation of antigen specific CTLs, greater tumor infiltration by CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, and increased intratumoral ratios of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-effector cells to CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cells. Our studies establish that downregulating SRA/CD204 strongly enhances DC-mediated antitumor immunity. In addition, they provide a rationale to enhance DC vaccine potency through SRA/CD204-targeting approaches that can improve clinical outcomes in cancer treatment.
Efficient Fast-Convolution-Based Waveform Processing for 5G Physical Layer (2017)

This paper investigates the application of fast-convolution (FC) filtering schemes for flexible and effective waveform generation and processing in the fifth generation (5G) systems. FC-based filtering is presented as a generic multimode waveform processing engine while, following the progress of 5G new radio standardization in the Third-Generation Partnership Project, the main focus is on efficient generation and processing of subband-filtered cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) signals. First, a matrix model for analyzing FC filter processing responses is presented and used for designing optimized multiplexing of filtered groups of CP-OFDM physical resource blocks (PRBs) in a spectrally well-localized manner, i.e., with narrow guardbands. Subband filtering is able to suppress interference leakage between adjacent subbands, thus supporting independent waveform parametrization and different numerologies for different groups of PRBs, as well as asynchronous multiuser operation in uplink. These are central ingredients in the 5G waveform developments, particularly at sub-6-GHz bands. The FC filter optimization criterion is passband error vector magnitude minimization subject to a given subband band-limitation constraint. Optimized designs with different guardband widths, PRB group sizes, and essential design parameters are compared in terms of interference levels and implementation complexity. Finally, extensive coded 5G radio link simulation results are presented to compare the proposed approach with other subband-filtered CP-OFDM schemes and time-domain windowing methods, considering cases with different numerologies or asynchronous transmissions in adjacent subbands. Also the feasibility of using independent transmitter and receiver processing for CP-OFDM spectrum control is demonstrated
Transient performance analysis of a small-scale PV-PHS power plant fed by a SVPWM drive applied for a distribution system (2013)

The transient performance of a small-scale plant consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) and a pumped hydro storage (PHS) system has been evaluated. An indirect field oriented control (IFOC) based state-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) drive connects the plant to the distribution system. The drive system includes two six-pulse IGBT converters interconnected through a DC link, to which the PV plant is interfaced via a single-stage bidirectional boost converter. The electrical system of the PHS plant consists of a squirrel-cage induction machine supplied by the machine side converter. The hydraulic system of the PHS plant includes separate turbine and pump units where a scaled linearized model is adopted to represent the elastic water column and surge tank. In the present study, the PV generated power has a control scheme designed to regulate the performance of the overall system. Simulation results are provided that show the transient performance of the plant during pumping and generating cycles of the PHS system.