gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sterol and Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Deficiency Triggers Fatty Acid-mediated Cell Death (2009)

Deletion of the acyltransferases responsible for triglyceride and steryl ester synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a genetic model of diseases where lipid overload is a component. The yeast mutants lack detectable neutral lipids and cytoplasmic lipid droplets and are strikingly sensitive to unsaturated fatty acids. Expression of human diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 in the yeast mutants was sufficient to reverse these phenotypes. Similar to mammalian cells, fatty acid-mediated death in yeast is apoptotic and presaged by transcriptional induction of stress-response pathways, elevated oxidative stress, and activation of the unfolded protein response. To identify pathways that protect cells from lipid excess, we performed genetic interaction and transcriptional profiling screens with the yeast acyltransferase mutants. We thus identified diacylglycerol kinase-mediated phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and production of phosphatidylcholine via methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine as modifiers of lipotoxicity. Accordingly, the combined ablation of phospholipid and triglyceride biosynthesis increased sensitivity to saturated fatty acids. Similarly, normal sphingolipid biosynthesis and vesicular transport were required for optimal growth upon denudation of triglyceride biosynthesis and also mediated resistance to exogenous fatty acids. In metazoans, many of these processes are implicated in insulin secretion thus linking lipotoxicity with early aspects of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome.
Estrogens induce low-density lipoprotein receptor activity and decrease intracellular cholesterol in human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 (1987)

Administration of estrogens in pharmacologic doses to rats and rabbits induces hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity. To determine if estrogens can regulate LDL receptor activity in human cells, 125I-LDL binding and ligand blotting studies were performed with the cell line Hep G2, well-differentiated cells derived from a human hepatoma, and with normal human fibroblasts. Addition of estradiol to Hep G2 cells growing in lipoprotein-deficient medium increased cell surface receptor activity by 141%, whereas fibroblast receptors were slightly reduced. Measurement of LDL internalization and degradation showed that estradiol induced the entire LDL receptor pathway and not simply surface receptors for LDL. Scatchard analysis of specific binding data in Hep G2 cells revealed that increased LDL receptor activity was due to high-affinity binding. When Hep G2 cells were incubated with LDL as well as estradiol, estradiol induction of LDL receptor activity did not occur. Estrogen treatment reduced Hep G2 free cholesterol content by 24% as determined by gas-liquid chromatography but had no significant effect on fibroblast free cholesterol, suggesting that estrogens may induce Hep G2 LDL receptor activity indirectly by lowering intracellular cholesterol. LDL receptor activity in Hep G2 cells grown in the absence of estradiol was resistant to down-regulation by LDL; incubation of cells with LDL for 48 h reduced receptor activity by only 25.8% in Hep G2 cells compared to 80.3% in fibroblasts. The Hep G2 LDL receptor was shown to be biochemically similar to the fibroblast receptor by ligand blotting and immunoblotting with IgG-C7, a monoclonal antibody to the extrahepatic LDL receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
All-Optical Analog-to-Digital Conversion Using Optical Delay Line Encoders (2007)

We propose and demonstrate the all-optical analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) using optical delay line encoders. Experimental results show that input analog signals are successfully converted into 3-bit digital signals at a bit rate of 40 Gb/s.
Aberrant Wound-Healing Response in Mitomycin C–Treated Leaking Blebs (2009)

A desirable filtration bleb requires a sufficient reparative fibrovascular response to maintain an epithelial-stromal barrier to prevent leakage. Fibroblasts must lay down a continuous collagen-rich fibrous layer, rather than merely myxoid stroma, beneath the conjunctival epithelium to promote bleb stability. Surgical techniques and postsurgical care should aim to attain this desired outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLES, 184. THE SYNTHESIS OF KAWALACTONE DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Mit den aktivierten Malonestern (II) liefert das Keton (I) die 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrone (III).
Placement in Integrated Circuits using Cyclic Reinforcement Learning and Simulated Annealing (2020)

Physical design and production of Integrated Circuits (IC) is becoming increasingly more challenging as the sophistication in IC technology is steadily increasing. Placement has been one of the most critical steps in IC physical design. Through decades of research, partition-based, analytical-based and annealing-based placers have been enriching the placement solution toolbox. However, open challenges including long run time and lack of ability to generalize continue to restrict wider applications of existing placement tools. We devise a learning-based placement tool based on cyclic application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Simulated Annealing (SA) by leveraging the advancement of RL. Results show that the RL module is able to provide a better initialization for SA and thus leads to a better final placement design. Compared to other recent learning-based placers, our method is majorly different with its combination of RL and SA. It leverages the RL model's ability to quickly get a good rough solution after training and the heuristic's ability to realize greedy improvements in the solution.
Observation of radial propagation of electrostatic fluctuations in the Saskatchewan torus-modified tokamak (2003)

Radial propagation of electrostatic fluctuations in the edge region of the Saskatchewan torus-modified [W. Zhang et al., Phys. Fluids B 4, 3277 (1992)] tokamak has been measured using Langmuir probes. The propagation characteristics of the density fluctuations are analyzed by two point correlation techniques. A finite radial propagation speed is measured and is found to be a large fraction of the poloidal propagation speed. The speed of propagation is inversely proportional to the toroidal magnetic field, suggesting that the origin of these fluctuations could be drift wave type turbulence. The radial correlation length of turbulence is found to decrease with increasing magnetic field. The power averaged wave number shows an increase with increasing magnetic field, suggesting a decrease in the correlation lengths.
H.264 decoder on embedded dual core with dynamically load-balanced functional paritioning (2010)

In this paper, we address the problem of mapping H.264 main profile decoder on embedded dual core with dynamic load balancing. H.264 decoder is mapped to dual core system with a few hardware accelerators by proposed functional partitioning which enables simple interface with hardware accelerator and small memory usage for inter-core communication. We also propose dynamic load balancing method for the functional partitioning. The load balancing is done by mapping a few selected functions to each core dynamically at macroblock level. In this case, buffer level information is enough for making decision which core runs those functions. Because of this simple decision criterion and mechanism, performance loss for load balancing process can be negligible and it is also possible to extend the proposed load balancing method to multi-core systems easily. Experimental result shows that the proposed load balancing method reduces the waiting overhead dramatically and the reduced amount is 82.3% of the total waiting overhead.
Reflectarray antennas for terahertz communications (2012)

Reflectarrays composed of resonant microstrip gold patches on a dielectric substrate are demonstrated for operation at terahertz frequencies. Based on the relation between the patch size and the reflection phase, a progressive phase distribution is implemented on the patch array to create a reflector able to deflect an incident beam towards a predefined angle off the specular direction. In order to confirm the validity of the design, a set of reflectarrays each with periodically distributed 360*360 patch elements are fabricated and measured. The experimental results obtained through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) show that up to nearly 80% of the incident amplitude is deflected into the desired direction at an operation frequency close to 1 THz. The radiation patterns of the reflectarray in TM and TE polarizations are also obtained at different frequencies. This work presents an attractive concept for developing components able to efficiently manipulate terahertz radiation for emerging terahertz communications.
Sexual side effects of 5-α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride: A comprehensive review (2017)

The 5-α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride are frequently used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and benign prostatichyperplasia. These drugs are effective at reducing levels of dihydrotestosterone, the primary androgen responsible for the pathogenesis of both these conditions. However, finasteride and dutasteride have also been shown to produce an increase in the incidence of sexual dysfunction, namely, impotence, decreased libido, and ejaculation disorder. The purpose of this study is to review the existing medical literature with regard to the sexual side effects of 5-α-reductase inhibitor therapy. This review is an extensive look at the sexual effects of 5-α-reductase inhibitors and compares outcomes for finasteride versus dutasteride in addition to comparing sexualside effects for each of the different dosages prescribed of finasteride and dutasteride.
Compositional Inhomogeneities in GaAs1−xPx Alloy Epitaxial Layers (1968)

Inhomogeneities in vapor-grown epitaxial layers of Ga(As, P) alloys on GaAs substrates were studied by the electron microprobe, the divergent-beam x-ray method, and x-ray topography. The epitaxial layers were prepared by growing a graded composition region between the substrate and the final GaAs1−xPx composition. The electron microprobe was used to determine the As/P ratio in the layer by scanning the cleaved edge of the epitaxial layer and substrate. The results showed two types of samples: those with composition steps in the graded composition region and those without these steps. Pseudo-Kossel patterns for the composition steps as well as for the GaAs substrate and the GaAs1−xPx alloy surface layer are seen in the divergent x-ray pattern photographs. The sharpness of the pseudo-Kossel lines indicates that the degree of crystalline perfection decreased with increasing phosphorus content of the epitaxial layer. Lang topographs show that the accommodation for the lattice mismatch between the substrate and epitaxial layer results in the formation of bunched edge dislocations which have [011] and[011̄] Burgers vectors. Finally the influence of the defect structures on the diffusion of zinc into the Ga(As, P) material is shown qualitatively by the nature of the diffusion front. The nature of the defect distribution directly controls the nature of the zinc diffusion front into the Ga(As, P). Increased electroluminescent efficiency of devices produced from the material is directly correlated with the flatness of the diffusion front.
Golimumab, a Human Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Monoclonal Antibody, Injected Subcutaneously Every 4 Weeks in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Had Never Taken Methotrexate: 1‐Year and 2‐Year Clinical, Radiologic, and Physical Function Findings of a Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study (2013)

In RA patients who had never taken MTX, up to 2 years of golimumab + MTX yielded sustained improvements in clinical signs/symptoms, physical function, and radiographic progression.
Surgical Management of the Problematic Hip in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients (2011)

Surgical management of the problematic hip in adolescent and young adult patients can be challenging. In many of these patients, hip arthrosis and pain occur secondary to hip dysplasia associated with chronic instability, whether the result of prior treatment or chronic unmanaged acetabular dysplasia. Surgical techniques such as the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy are performed to correct acetabular deficiency, restore hip joint stability, and eliminate pain. Patients with previous Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease or slipped capital femoral epiphysis frequently note onset of symptomatic hip arthrosis and pain in adolescence or young adulthood. Pain occurs secondary to pathologic impingement of the deformed proximal femur against the anterolateral acetabulum (ie, femoroacetabular impingement). The recent successful innovation of the transtrochanteric surgical hip dislocation approach provides complete access to the hip and offers the potential for comprehensive correction of both the often severe proximal femoral deformity and associated labral chondral disease secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Restoration of more normal proximal femoral morphology results in marked improvement in functional outcome. Effective orthopaedic management requires an understanding of the mechanisms of hip disease as well as surgical expertise.
Sekitei: An AI planner for Constrained Component Deployment in Wide-Area Networks Technical report TR2004-851 (2004)

Wide-area network applications are increasingly being built using component-based models, enabling integration of diverse functionality in modules distributed across the network. In such models, dynamic component selection and deployment enables an application to flexibly adapt to changing client and network characteristics, achieve loadbalancing, and satisfy QoS requirements. Unfortunately, the problem of finding a valid component deployment is hard because one needs to decide on the set of components while satisfying various constraints resulting from application semantic requirements, network resource limitations, and interactions between the two. In this paper, we describe a general model for the component placement problem and present an algorithm for it, which is based on AI planning algorithms. We validate the effectiveness of our algorithm by demonstrating its scalability with respect to network size and number of components in the context of deployments generated for two example applications ‐ a security-sensitive mail service, and a webcast service ‐ in a variety of network environments.
Polarisation of a neodymium laser with a passive switch based on a Cr4+: YAG crystal (1998)

An experimental investigation is reported of the state of polarisation of the radiation generated in a neodymium laser with a passive switch based on a Cr4+ : YAG crystal. A description is provided of the observed dependences. This description is based on the assumption that at each moment of the evolution of lasing the state of polarisation of the laser radiation represents an eigenstate corresponding to the lowest radiation losses. This state is governed by the relative orientations of the switch and of an intracavity partial polariser, as well as by the radiation energy density in the switch. The calculated results are shown to fit the experimental data.
A novel adjuvant G3 induces both Th1 and Th2 related immune responses in mice after immunization with a trivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine (2018)

A preferred adjuvant should promote both Th1 and Th2 responses. However, most adjuvants in common use are biased towards a Th2-driven response. Therefore, the ability of a novel saponin-based adjuvant G3 to inducing balanced Th1 and Th2 responses in BALB/c mice immunized with a split trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine was evaluated in comparison to that of the adjuvant Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>. Clear differences in the IgG profiles induced by G3, Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> or non-adjuvanted vaccine were recorded. Both adjuvants enhanced high and similar levels of the Th2 associated IgG1 subtype compared to mice given vaccine alone. Only G3 enhanced the IgG2a subclass reflecting a Th1 response, whereas Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> even abrogated the IgG2a production. Accordingly, G3 enhanced the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ and also of IL-2/IFN-γ double secreting cells, emphasizing the strong Th1 driving effect of G3. Only Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> increased splenocyte production of IL-17. Taken together, the results indicate a strong propensity for G3 to induce both Th1 and Th2 driven immune responses.
La producción de plantas ornamentales en la Argentina: una mirada hacia el futuro (2014)

La investigación científico-tecnológica emprende diversos caminos para mejorar la calidad de las plantas ornamentales, entre ellos, estudia la acción de compuestos químicos que producen efectos de hormonas en procesos fisiológicos de esas plantas, manipula la temperatura y la luz en los invernáculos en que se cultivan y altera sus genes por procedimientos de ingeniería genética.
A Vector Sensor-Based Acoustic Characterization System for Marine Renewable Energy (2020)

NoiseSpotter is a passive acoustic monitoring system that characterizes, classifies, and geo-locates anthropogenic and natural sounds in near real time. It was developed with the primary goal of supporting the evaluation of potential acoustic effects of offshore renewable energy projects. The system consists of a compact array of three acoustic vector sensors, which measures acoustic pressure and the three-dimensional particle velocity vector associated with the propagation of an acoustic wave, thereby inherently providing bearing information to an underwater source of sound. By utilizing an array of three vector sensors, the application of beamforming techniques can provide sound source localization, allowing for characterization of the acoustic signature of specific underwater acoustic sources. Here, performance characteristics of the system are presented, using data from controlled acoustic transmissions in a quiet environment and ambient noise measurements in an energetic tidal channel in the presence of non-acoustic flow noise. Data quality is demonstrated by the ability to reduce non-acoustic flow noise contamination, while system utility is shown by the ability to characterize and localize sources of sound in the underwater environment.
Chromosome 2 Fragment Substitutions in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats and RNA Sequencing Identified Enpep and Hs2st1 as Vascular Inflammatory Modulators (2020)

Chromosome 2 introgression from normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rats into hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) background (SS-chromosome 2<sup>BN</sup>/Mcwi; consomic S2<sup>B</sup>) reduced blood pressure and vascular inflammation under a normal-salt diet (NSD). We hypothesized that BN chromosome 2 contains anti-inflammatory genes that could reduce blood pressure and vascular inflammation in rats fed NSD or high-salt diet (HSD). Four- to 6-week old male SS and congenic rats containing the BN chromosome 2 distal portion (SS.BN-[<i>rs13453786-rs66377062</i>]/Aek; S2<sup>B</sup>a) and middle segment (SS.BN-[<i>rs106982173-rs65057186</i>]/Aek; S2<sup>B</sup>b) were fed NSD or HSD (4% NaCl) up to age 12 to 13 weeks. Systolic blood pressure determined by telemetry was higher in SS rats fed HSD versus NSD. Systolic blood pressure was lower in both congenic rats than in SS under NSD, but similar under HSD versus SS. Reactive oxygen species generation using dihydroethidium staining, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and immune cell infiltration by immunofluorescence demonstrated that S2<sup>B</sup>a rats present less inflammation under NSD and more under HSD versus SS rats. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR identified 2 differentially expressed genes encoded within BN chromosome 2 distal portion that could act as regulators of vascular inflammation. These were downregulated glutamyl aminopeptidase (<i>Enpep</i>) that was anti-inflammatory under NSD and upregulated heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 (<i>Hs2st1</i>) that was proinflammatory under HSD. In conclusion, 2 differentially expressed genes encoded within introgressed BN chromosome 2 distal fragment were identified: <i>Enpep</i> associated with reduced vascular inflammation under NSD, and <i>Hs2st1</i>, associated with increased vascular inflammation under HSD.
A Salt-Sensitive 3′(2′),5′-Bisphosphate Nucleotidase Involved in Sulfate Activation (1995)

Overexpression of a yeast gene, HAL2, allows the cells to tolerate higher than normal extracellular salt concentrations. HAL2 encodes a 3'(2')5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase that serves to remove the end products of sulfate transfer during cellular metabolism. The enzyme is inhibited by lithium and sodium and is activated by potassium. Metabolic systems that are sensitive to salt, as well as those governing osmolyte synthesis and ion transport, offer routes by which genetic engineering can be used to improve the tolerance of various organisms to salt.
Process Control in Micro-Embossing: A Review (2004)

Abstract— A promising technique for the large-scale manufacture of micro-fluidic devices and photonic devices is hot embossing of polymers such as PMMA. Micro-embossing is a deformation process where the workpiece material is heated to permit easier material flow and then forced over a planar patterned tool. In this work we review the basic process and the state of research with respect to manufacturing process control, where the latter is defined as methods for minimizing variation in the product while maximizing production rate. From this review we conclude the following: Several investigators have reported success at creating micron scale features using this process, but none have performed a formal characterization or optimization of the process.
The Sm-core mediates the retention of partially-assembled spliceosomal snRNPs in Cajal bodies until their full maturation (2018)

Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear non-membrane bound organelles where small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) undergo their final maturation and quality control before they are released to the nucleoplasm. However, the molecular mechanism how immature snRNPs are targeted and retained in CBs has yet to be described. Here, we microinjected and expressed various snRNA deletion mutants as well as chimeric 7SK, Alu or bacterial SRP non-coding RNAs and provide evidence that Sm and SMN binding sites are necessary and sufficient for CB localization of snRNAs. We further show that Sm proteins, and specifically their GR-rich domains, are important for accumulating snRNPs in CBs. Accordingly, core snRNPs containing the Sm proteins, but not naked snRNAs, restore the formation of CBs after their depletion. Finally, we show that immature but not fully assembled snRNPs are able to induce CB formation and that microinjection of an excess of U2 snRNP-specific proteins, which promotes U2 snRNP maturation, chases U2 snRNA from CBs. We propose that the accessibility of the Sm ring represents the molecular basis for the quality control of the final maturation of snRNPs and the sequestration of immature particles in CBs.
Development of a real-time simulator for electric vehicle with a Dual Energy Storage System (2009)

For verifying the strategy of the Vehicle Control Unit(VCU), a real-time simulation environment needs to be established in advance. It is modified from our in-house simulator for the Electric Vehicle (EV) based on the Hardware in-the-Loop(HIL) structure and constrained by several communication devices, e.g. CAN bus, AI/O, DI/O, etc.. A Dual Energy Storage System (DESS) has been modeled in this simulator. It is composed by a Li-ion battery set and an ultracapacitor in the form of equivalent circuits based on empirical results. Specific driving patterns are utilized as an input to this visual EV simulator. The outputs are the battery SOC, ultracapacitor voltage, energy consumption and the driving mileage. By comparing these outputs of DESS under the giving driving pattern, it could also help determine the combination ratio of the DESS.