gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled, multicentre clinical trial comparing a dual‐probe ultrasonic lithotrite with a single‐probe lithotrite for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (2010)

• No appreciable difference between the dual-probe Cyberwand and the standard ultrasonic Olympus LUS-II lithotrites can be identified.
Ernährungstherapie bei Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats (2012)

Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats lassen sich durch die Ernährung beeinflussen. Bei der Ernährungstherapie sind unter anderem ω-3-Fettsäuren, das Reduzieren proinflammatorischer Lebensmittel und die ausreichende Versorgung mit Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen von Bedeutung.
A 48-amino-acid region of influenza A virus PB1 protein is sufficient for complex formation with PA (1995)

The concerted activity of four influenza virus proteins, PB1, PB2, PA, and NP is necessary and sufficient for transcription and replication of the viral genome in the nucleus of the cell. The three P proteins form a heterotrimeric complex in virions and the nuclei of infected cells. Biochemical analyses have shown specific interactions between PB1 and PA as well as PB1 and PB2, indicating that PB1 is the backbone of the complex. To identify domains of PB1 involved in binding PA, a two-hybrid system adapted for mammalian cells (CV-1) was implemented. First, we demonstrate the ability of PB1 and PA to interact efficiently and specifically in reciprocal combinations of two-hybrid reporter moieties, suggesting that transcription factor module fusion did not interfere sterically or allosterically with interaction between PB1 and PA. Subsequent analyses with a set of chimeric proteins with truncations of the PB1 C termini, N termini, or internal sequences led to the identification of a region at the N terminus of PB1 responsible for binding PA. Forty-eight amino acids at the N terminus of PB1 were sufficient for binding PA in vivo with the same efficiency as the complete PB1 protein. This region of PB1 responsible for binding PA does not overlap with other previously described PB1 functional domains involved in nuclear transport and RNA polymerization. We propose to name this region of interaction with PA domain alpha, to differentiate it from other functional domains described for PB1.
Acute growth hormone effects on amino acid and lipid metabolism. (1994)

The anabolic actions of GH are well known, although specific tissue responses and the mechanism of nitrogen conservation are less well understood. This study was designed to examine the acute metabolic effects of GH on whole body and regional protein metabolism, using an experimental protocol which controlled for confounding perturbations in other hormones by a simultaneous infusion of somatostatin. Control subjects received replacement doses of insulin, glucagon, and GH for the entire 7-h study period, whereas GH subjects received an identical protocol, except for an increased dose of GH sufficient to increase serum concentrations into the high-physiological range (12-20 ng/mL) for the final 3.5 h of the study (P < 0.001). Thirteen young, healthy male subjects were studied in the postabsorptive period; five served as control subjects and eight as treatment (GH) subjects. Each received continuous iv infusions of somatostatin, L-[13-C]leucine, and L-[2H5]phenylalanine throughout the study. Femoral arterial and venous sampling allowed for simultaneous measurements across the leg and in the whole body. C-Peptide levels were suppressed throughout the infusion; insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor I, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose concentrations were not different between groups. Glycerol concentrations increased 3-fold in GH subjects during the final 3.5-h period (P = 0.04). Concentrations of several amino acids declined through the study, but no differences were observed between treatment groups. Leucine oxidation was reduced in GH compared to control subjects (P = 0.04). No changes in CO2 production or whole body leucine or phenylalanine flux were observed, whereas nonoxidative disposal of leucine was marginally higher in GH compared to control subjects (P = 0.07). By contrast, rates of appearance and disappearance of both leucine and phenylalanine across the leg all were relatively lower in GH compared to control subjects; leucine balance across the leg was reduced by GH (P = 0.03), whereas phenylalanine balance was not influenced by GH. Our data thus demonstrate an acute stimulatory effect of GH on lipolysis, a decrease in leucine oxidation, and no stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in spite of enhanced protein synthesis in nonmuscle tissue.
Pharmacology of ingestive behaviour. (1996)

We have attempted to provide a progress report on current research on the role of catecholamines and serotonin receptor subtypes in feeding control. Recent evidence suggests that only some of the several catecholamine receptor subtypes are specifically involved in feeding control. They include the beta 1/2-adrenoceptors, the alpha 1-adrenoceptors and the D1 dopamine receptors: stimulation of these receptors reduces feeding in rats. Stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors reduces feeding and perhaps enhances the satiating effect of food. Recently, an interesting reciprocal relation between serotonin and cholecystokinin has been discovered in relation to feeding control. The serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors are involved in stress-induced anorexia and regulate the hyperphagia induced by neuropeptide Y in the nucleus paraventricularis of the hypothalamus. Both effects may involve changes in the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor. These findings may help elaborate neuronal models of feeding control and perhaps facilitate progress in the pharmacotherapy of human obesity and eating disorders.
GPS/machine vision navigation system for aircraft (1997)

A Kalman filter based multiple sensor fusion method for determining the position of a general aviation aircraft with respect to the runway during night landing and takeoff is discussed. Known structure of the airport lights, video images acquired by an onboard video camera, position estimates from an onboard Global Positioning System (GPS), and data from an attitude indicator are integrated in a Kalman filtering algorithm. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Diastereoselective asymmetric allylation of chiral α-keto-amides with allyltrimethylsilane. Preparation of protected homoallylic alcohols (1984)

In the presence of Lewis acids, protected homoallylic alcohols of high diastereoisomeric excesses (up to 89%) were obtaine by he addition of allyltrimethylsilane to chrial α-keto-amides derived from (S)-proline esters.
Intracranial subependymomas: CT and MR imaging features in 24 cases. (1995)

The intracranial subependymoma is a benign glioma that has been classically described as an asymptomatic fourth ventricular tumor found incidentally at autopsy in elderly men. The purpose of this study was to characterize the differences in CT and MR imaging appearances between subependymomas of the fourth and lateral ventricles, both of which were found in symptomatic patients.We retrospectively reviewed 24 pathologically proved cases of intracranial subependymomas in 17 male and seven female patients with a mean age of 48.1 years. All patients were symptomatic. CT and MR images were used to characterize the size, shape, and location of the subependymomas; the degree of hydrocephalus; tumor calcification; and the density, signal, and enhancement characteristics of the tumors.Eighteen of 24 tumors were 3 cm or more in greatest dimension. Nineteen were lobulated, and hydrocephalus was seen in 21. Fourteen were in the lateral ventricle, and 10 were in the posterior fossa. Calcifications were present in five (all fourth ventricular) and absent in 10 (all lateral ventricular) subependymomas imaged with unenhanced CT. On 18 contrast-enhanced CT scans, five of six subependymomas with heterogeneous enhancement were in the fourth ventricle, and nine of 12 tumors with minimal or no enhancement were in the lateral ventricle. Small internal foci with a signal intensity similar to that of CSF were seen on images of all 10 lateral ventricular subependymomas obtained with both T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences. On 13 contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, seven of eight tumors with heterogeneous enhancement were in the fourth ventricle, and all five with minimal or no enhancement were in the lateral ventricle.Intracranial subependymomas were seen in symptomatic middle-aged adults and showed different CT and MR imaging features, depending on their anatomic location. Calcification and heterogeneous contrast enhancement were common features of fourth ventricular subependymomas showed a lack of calcification as well as minimal or no contrast enhancement of CT and MR images.
Comparison of continuous measurement techniques for spatial room impulse responses (2016)

A large number of spatial room impulse responses can be measured efficiently by using a moving microphone in combination with a time-varying system identification method. The microphone moves on a predefined trajectory and captures the response of the acoustic system which is periodically excited. The instantaneous impulse responses are computed from the captured signal by taking the time-variance explicitly into account. In this paper, three different continuous measurement techniques are investigated and compared in a unified framework. It is shown that impulse response estimation constitutes a spatial interpolation process, where each method corresponds to a specific interpolation filter. In numerical simulations the performance of theses approaches are evaluated in terms of system distance and spatial bandwidth.
Wired for Reproduction: Organization and Development of Sexually Dimorphic Circuits in the Mammalian Forebrain (2002)

Mammalian reproduction depends on the coordinated expression of behavior with precisely timed physiological events that are fundamentally different in males and females. An improved understanding of the neuroanatomical relationships between sexually dimorphic parts of the forebrain has contributed to a significant paradigm shift in how functional neural systems are approached experimentally. This review focuses on the organization of interconnected limbic-hypothalamic pathways that participate in the neural control of reproduction and summarizes what is known about the developmental neurobiology of these pathways. Sex steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone have much in common with neurotrophins and regulate cell death, neuronal migration, neurogenesis, and neurotransmitter plasticity. In addition, these hormones direct formation of sexually dimorphic circuits by influencing axonal guidance and synaptogenesis. The signaling events underlying the developmental activities of sex steroids involve interactions between nuclear hormone receptors and other transcriptional regulators, as well as interactions at multiple levels with neurotrophin and neurotransmitter signal transduction pathways.
Biomechanical In Vitro Testing of Human Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebrae Following Prophylactic Kyphoplasty With Different Candidate Materials (2007)

This study demonstrated that calcium phosphate cements displayed identical behavior to PMMA cement with respect to in vitro mechanical qualities. Consequently, from a mechanical viewpoint, calcium phosphate cements may be used in addition to PMMA cement for kyphoplasty and prophylactic kyphoplasty. Silicon derivatives are apparently not recommendable as candidate materials for kyphoplasty.
Vapour bubble collapse in isothermal and non-isothermal liquids (2008)

The motion of a vapour bubble in a subcooled liquid is studied numerically assuming axial symmetry but allowing the surface to deform under the action of the fluid dynamic stress. The flattening of the bubble in the plane orthogonal to the translational velocity increases the added mass and slows it down, while, at the same time, the decreasing volume tends to increase the velocity. The deformation of the interface also increases the surface area exposed to the incoming cooler liquid. The competition among these opposing processes is subtle and the details of the condensation cannot be captured by simpler models, two of which are considered. In spite of these differences, the estimate of the total collapse time given by a spherical model is close to that of the deforming bubble model for the cases studied. In addition to an isothermal liquid, some examples in which the bubble encounters warmer and colder liquid regions are shown.
Bone Graft Substitutes and Extenders (2009)

Dr. Lee is Assistant Clinical Professor, and Dr. Ghofrani is Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 350 Dickinson Street, Suite 121, San Diego, CA 92103; E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial organizations pertaining to this educational activity. All faculty and staff in a position to control the content of this CME activity have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Lippincott CME Institute, Inc., has identified and resolved all faculty and staff conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity.
a statistical model based on serological parameters for predicting occult HBV infection: implications for organ/ blood donations. (2015)

The transmission of hepatitis B virus by donors with occult HBV infection (OBI) is a threat for blood transfusion and organ/tissue transplantation. The risk of carrying HBV DNA is currently not predictable by simple serologic markers, while HBV DNA testing is not universally deployed. This study evaluated an integrated serologic approach for assessing this risk. Anti-HBc positive subjects (461 HIV-negative, 262 HIV-positive) were selected for the study. Serology was analyzed by a commercial CMIA technique. HBV DNA was analyzed by both commercial and home-brew real-time amplification assays. A penalized maximum likelihood logistic approach was used to analyze the data. In HBsAg-negative subjects (HIV-negative), anti-HBc signal/cut off values, the presence of anti-HBc IgM, the absence of anti-HBsAg, and the absence of anti-HCV were correlated to the probability of finding circulating HBV DNA. A model for predicting HBV DNA presence by 4 serological parameters is therefore proposed. The predictive value of the logistic model based on simple serologic markers may represent a reasonable tool for the assessment of HBV transmission risk by transfusion or organ/tissue donation in the context of limited resources and where nucleic acid testing is not performed. In addition, it may be helpful for assessing the risk of reactivation in immunosuppressed OBI patients.
Sepsis-like syndrome au décours de l’arrêt cardiaque (2008)

Après un arrêt cardiaque, le pronostic est sombre et le devenir neurologique hasardeux, mais rien n’est fixé à l’admission et la phase de restauration d’une circulation spontanée présente de nombreuses similitudes avec le choc septique. Ces similitudes doivent nous amener à tester, après un arrêt cardiaque, des traitements ou stratégies utilisés dans le choc septique, en incluant des stratégies contre les lésions de reperfusion.
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of WS2 nanotubes (2002)

Inorganic nanotubes of WS2 have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, providing support for the theoretical prediction of correlation of bandgap with diameter.
A State-of-the-Art Survey on Multidimensional Scaling-Based Localization Techniques (2019)

Current and future wireless applications strongly rely on precise real-time localization. A number of applications, such as smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), medical services, automotive industry, underwater exploration, public safety, and military systems require reliable and accurate localization techniques. Generally, the most popular localization/positioning system is the global positioning system (GPS). GPS works well for outdoor environments but fails in indoor and harsh environments. Therefore, a number of other wireless local localization techniques are developed based on terrestrial wireless networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Also, there exist localization techniques which fuse two or more technologies to find out the location of the user, also called signal of opportunity-based localization. Most of the localization techniques require ranging measurements, such as time of arrival (ToA), time difference of arrival (TDoA), direction of arrival (DoA), and received signal strength (RSS). There are also range-free localization techniques which consider the proximity information and do not require the actual ranging measurements. Dimensionality reduction techniques are famous among the range free localization schemes. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is one of the dimensionality reduction technique which has been used extensively in the recent past for wireless networks localization. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented for MDS and MDS-based localization techniques in WSNs, IoT, cognitive radio networks, and 5G networks.
Cardiovascular implications of estrogen replacement therapy (1990)

Estrogen appears to protect against the development of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in women, by a number of mechanisms. The protective effect is believed to be mediated principally by beneficial changes in cholesterol levels. Estrogen decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by mechanisms that include the possible induction of LDL receptors and the destruction of hepatic lipase, which degrades HDL cholesterol. However, estrogen also appears to have a direct beneficial effect on vessel-wall physiology. One of these effects may be an increase in local prostacyclin production. The type of estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy and the route of administration determine the positive and negative effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. In general, synthetic estrogens, because they are manyfold more potent than natural estrogens, should not be used. Most studies show a 50% or greater reduction in cardiovascular disease and related mortality with postmenopausal estrogen administration. There is no evidence that postmenopausal estrogen replacement adversely affects carbohydrate metabolism, blood pressure, or coagulation. By use of a mathematical model to study the overall effects of estrogen therapy, it can be shown that more lives can be saved from the reduction in cardiovascular disease with estrogen use than from the reduction in death from osteoporosis or any other disease state affected by estrogen. Serious consideration has to be given to the cardiovascular effects of added progestogen, which may attenuate or eliminate the beneficial effects of estrogen on HDL2 cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sorting linearly polarized photons with a single scatterer (2014)

Intuitively, light impinging on a spatially mirror-symmetric object will be scattered equally into mirror-symmetric directions. This intuition can fail at the nanoscale if the polarization of the incoming light is properly tailored, as long as mirror symmetry is broken in the axes perpendicular to both the incident wave vector and the remaining mirror-symmetric direction. The unidirectional excitation of plasmonic modes using circularly polarized light has been recently demonstrated. Here, we generalize this concept and show that linearly polarized photons impinging on a single spatially symmetric scatterer created in a silicon waveguide are guided into a certain direction of the waveguide depending exclusively on their polarization angle and the structure asymmetry. Our work broadens the scope of polarization-induced directionality beyond plasmonics, with applications in polarization (de)multiplexing, unidirectional coupling, directional switching, radiation polarization control, and polarization-encoded quantum information processing in photonic integrated circuits.
ASD-DiagNet: A Hybrid Learning Approach for Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using fMRI Data (2019)

Heterogeneous mental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are notoriously difficult to diagnose, especially in children. The current psychiatric diagnostic process is based purely on the behavioral observation of symptomology (DSM-5/ICD-10) and may be prone to misdiagnosis. In order to move the field toward more quantitative diagnosis, we need advanced and scalable machine learning infrastructure that will allow us to identify reliable biomarkers of mental health disorders. In this paper, we propose a framework called ASD-DiagNet for classifying subjects with ASD from healthy subjects by using <i>only</i> fMRI data. We designed and implemented a joint learning procedure using an autoencoder and a single layer perceptron (SLP) which results in improved quality of extracted features and optimized parameters for the model. Further, we designed and implemented a data augmentation strategy, based on linear interpolation on available feature vectors, that allows us to produce synthetic datasets needed for training of machine learning models. The proposed approach is evaluated on a public dataset provided by Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange including 1, 035 subjects coming from 17 different brain imaging centers. Our machine learning model outperforms other state of the art methods from 10 imaging centers with increase in classification accuracy up to 28% with maximum accuracy of 82%. The machine learning technique presented in this paper, in addition to yielding better quality, gives enormous advantages in terms of execution time (40 min vs. 7 h on other methods). The implemented code is available as GPL license on GitHub portal of our lab (https://github.com/pcdslab/ASD-DiagNet).
Suboptimal moxifloxacin and levofloxacin drug exposure during treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: results from a prospective study in China (2020)

<b>This study found target attainment of 0–55% for patients with multidrug-resistant TB using currently recommended doses of moxifloxacin (55%) and levofloxacin (0%), meaning increased doses should be considered to ensure efficacy, if safety can be assured</b> https://bit.ly/3juED6S
Introduction to Coding Theory (2006)

Error-correcting codes constitute one of the key ingredients in achieving the high degree of reliability required in modern data transmission and storage systems. This 2006 book introduces the reader to the theoretical foundations of error-correcting codes, with an emphasis on Reed-Solomon codes and their derivative codes. After reviewing linear codes and finite fields, the author describes Reed-Solomon codes and various decoding algorithms. Cyclic codes are presented, as are MDS codes, graph codes, and codes in the Lee metric. Concatenated, trellis, and convolutional codes are also discussed in detail. Homework exercises introduce additional concepts such as Reed-Muller codes, and burst error correction. The end-of-chapter notes often deal with algorithmic issues, such as the time complexity of computational problems. While mathematical rigor is maintained, the text is designed to be accessible to a broad readership, including students of computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics, from senior-undergraduate to graduate level.