gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic exome sequencing in children: A survey of parental understanding, experience and psychological impact (2017)

Clinical exome sequencing (CES) is increasingly being used as an effective diagnostic tool in the field of pediatric genetics. We sought to evaluate the parental experience, understanding and psychological impact of CES by conducting a survey study of English-speaking parents of children who had diagnostic CES. Parents of 192 unique patients participated. The parent's interpretation of the child's result agreed with the clinician's interpretation in 79% of cases, with more frequent discordance when the clinician's interpretation was uncertain. The majority (79%) reported no regret with the decision to have CES. Most (65%) reported complete satisfaction with the genetic counseling experience, and satisfaction was positively associated with years of genetic counselor (GC) experience. The psychological impact of CES was greatest for parents of children with positive results and for parents with anxiety or depression. The results of this study are important for helping clinicians to prepare families for the possible results and variable psychological impact of CES. The frequency of parental misinterpretation of test results indicates the need for additional clarity in the communication of results. Finally, while the majority of patients were satisfied with their genetic counseling, satisfaction was lower for new GCs, suggesting a need for targeted GC training for genomic testing.
A HIF – LIMD 1 negative feedback mechanism mitigates the pro‐tumorigenic effects of hypoxia (2018)

The adaptive cellular response to low oxygen tensions is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of heterodimeric transcription factors composed of HIF-α and HIF-β subunits. Prolonged HIF expression is a key contributor to cellular transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. As such, HIF degradation under hypoxic conditions is an essential homeostatic and tumour-suppressive mechanism. LIMD1 complexes with PHD2 and VHL in physiological oxygen levels (normoxia) to facilitate proteasomal degradation of the HIF-α subunit. Here, we identify <i>LIMD1</i> as a HIF-1 target gene, which mediates a previously uncharacterised, negative regulatory feedback mechanism for hypoxic HIF-α degradation by modulating PHD2-LIMD1-VHL complex formation. Hypoxic induction of <i>LIMD1</i> expression results in increased HIF-α protein degradation, inhibiting HIF-1 target gene expression, tumour growth and vascularisation. Furthermore, we report that copy number variation at the <i>LIMD1</i> locus occurs in 47.1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients, correlates with enhanced expression of a HIF target gene signature and is a negative prognostic indicator. Taken together, our data open a new field of research into the aetiology, diagnosis and prognosis of <i>LIMD1</i>-negative lung cancers.
Low-temperature dependence of elastic moduli and internal friction for glassy Pd42.5Ni7.5Cu30P20 (2008)

Abstract Longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, eight kinds of elastic parameters, and the dilational and shear internal friction of Pd42.5Cu30Ni7.5P20 glassy alloy have been simultaneously measured as a function of temperature in the range from 77 to 373 K, using an ultrasonic pulse method. Monotonic decreases in the Young and shear moduli and in the Debye temperature in the range above 77 K are interpreted in terms of thermal relaxation of squeezed free volumes, accompanied by an increase in the interatomic distances, the appearance of entropy elasticity, and a uniaxial volume-preserving deformation. A 272-K valley of dilational friction seems to correspond to a topological change associated with electron–phonon coupling caused by the release of strains. Keywords: glassy alloylow temperatureelastic moduluselasticityinternal frictionmetallic glassesultrasonics Acknowledgments This work was supported by a Grant-In-Aid for Science Research in a priority Area'Research and Development Project on Advanced Metallic Glasses, Inorganic Materials and Joining Technology' from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, and by the JSPS Asian CORE Program.
CXCR3 chemokine receptor contributes to specific CD8+ T cell activation by pDC during infection with intracellular pathogens (2020)

Chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) plays an important role in CD8+ T cells migration during intracellular infections, such as Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition to chemotaxis, CXCR3 receptor has been described as important to the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and effector cells. We hypothesized that CXCR3 is fundamental to T. cruzi-specific CD8+ T cell activation, migration and effector function. Anti-CXCR3 neutralizing antibody administration to acutely T. cruzi-infected mice decreased the number of specific CD8+ T cells in the spleen, and those cells had impaired in activation and cytokine production but unaltered proliferative response. In addition, anti-CXCR3-treated mice showed decreased frequency of CD8+ T cells in the heart and numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in spleen and lymph node. As CD8+ T cells interacted with plasmacytoid dendritic cells during infection by T. cruzi, we suggest that anti-CXCR3 treatment lowers the quantity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which may contribute to impair the prime of CD8+ T cells. Understanding which molecules and mechanisms guide CD8+ T cell activation and migration might be a key to vaccine development against Chagas disease as those cells play an important role in T. cruzi infection control.
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy at 257 nm Excitation of Normal and Malignant Cultured Breast and Cervical Cells (1999)

The sensitivity and selectivity of UV-excited resonance Raman spectroscopy indicate that this technique may be useful in studying certain biochemical changes in cells, especially changes in DNA that occur during the development of cancer. To determine whether this technique can distinguish normal from malignant cells, we have measured UV resonance Raman spectra at 257.26 nm excitation of suspensions of normal and malignant cultured breast and cervical cells. Samples were excited with the use of an intracavity doubled argon-ion laser, and the spectra were recorded with a single grating spectrograph and a liquid nitrogen-cooled charge-coupled device. Cell spectra obtained closely resembled that of DNA, with peaks around 1330, 1480, and 1580 cm −1 , due to the nucleotide bases. In addition to these, the uracil base in RNA provides a peak at 1230 cm −1 . Strong tryptophan and tyrosine contributions appear in the 1520–1670 cm −1 range. The ratios of Raman spectral peaks 1480/1614 cm −1 and 1480/1540 cm −1 , which are sensitive to the concentration of nucleic acids relative to cell proteins, were found to be higher in malignant cells than in normal cells. Normal and malignant cells could also be differentiated by using the ratio at 1330/1480 cm −1 . This difference may be the result of decreased hypochromism due to changes in stacking of the purine bases. Changes in relative amounts of RNA may also contribute to this ratio. The results of this pilot study indicate that there may be significant differences in the UV resonance Raman spectra of normal and cancerous cells. These differences may be related to changes in nucleotide/protein concentrations in the cell, as well as changes in the vibrational structure of the nucleic acids associated with the malignant cell phenotype.
Combining in vitro test methods for measuring light scatter in intraocular lenses (2011)

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are designed for implantation for vision correction following cataract removal. The IOL typically replaces a cataractous natural lens that exhibits very high levels of light scattering. The amount of scattering is significantly reduced with an IOL, though it is rarely quantified and both the surface and the bulk of the intraocular lens may contribute to light scatter at some level, and in some cases potentially affecting patients' post-operative quality of vision. The purpose of this paper is to describe two complementary in-vitro quantitative methods for measuring light scatter caused by IOLs. The first method directly measures light scatter from the lens in one plane for angles larger than two degrees. The second method measures light scatter in an eye model including the focal point out to three degrees in the image plane. The measured amount of light scatter from an IOL is typically lower than that found in healthy donor crystalline lenses of various ages that are used as a basis for comparison.
An Improved Synthesis of the Selective EP4 Receptor Agonist ONO-4819 (2009)

An improved synthesis of the highly selective EP4-receptor agonist ONO-4819 has been developed. The previous synthesis suffered from several drawbacks, in which a critical one is the difficulty in the removal of byproducts leading to unsatisfactory quality of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Furthermore, on stereoselective reduction of an enone intermediate by binaphthol-modified lithium aluminum hydride, low concentration of the reaction conditions and tedious purification procedures to remove excess binaphthol were critical issues for the manufacturing process of the API. In the improved process, we have developed improved conditions using gamma-thiobutyrolactone as sulfur source instead of potassium thioacetate to introduce the sulfur-containing C4 side chain without formation of byproducts. For stereoselective synthesis of the chiral alcohol, (-)-DIP-chloride reduction is found to be the best method, which can improve not only the enantioselectivity but also the workload for removing the chiral modifier in a purification process. Furthermore, benzoyl and tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups as protecting groups for hydroxyl functions were used for precise process controls of all intermediates. By changing these protecting groups, the purity of ONO-4819 was strictly controlled through crystalline intermediates. Thus, an improved robust process for ONO-4819 with a high chemical purity was developed.
The impact of mutual coupling on MIMO radar emissions (2011)

The effects of mutual coupling between antenna elements are considered with regard to the impact upon co-located MIMO radar emissions. Because this sensing scheme intentionally couples the spatial and fast-time (waveform) domains, it is shown that MIMO radar is sensitive to any electromagnetic mutual coupling effects that are not adequately characterized in the transmit array manifold. This sensitivity leads to mismatch that will degrade the radars sensitivity on receive.
Gravure du GaN pour la prochaine génération de diodes Schottky (2010)

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Exploiting input information in a model reduction algorithm for massively coupled parasitic networks (2004)

In this paper we present a model reduction algorithm that circumvents some of the issues encountered for parasitic networks with large numbers of input/output "ports". Our approach is based on the premise that for such networks, there are typically strong dependencies between the input waveforms at different network "ports". We present an approximate truncated balanced realizations procedure that, by exploiting such correlation information, produces much more compact models compared to standard algorithms such as PRIMA.
Comparison of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) during daily routine in the catheterization laboratory (2022)

Abstract Background The prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depends strongly on the hemodynamic relevance of the stenosis. The gold standard is the invasive evaluation of the stenosis using Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or Resting Full-Cycle Ratio (RFR). The use of invasive procedures remains low due to procedural factors and costs. Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR) is a novel, software-based method to evaluate the physiology of coronary lesions during cardiac catheterization. Computing a three-dimensional model of the vessel based on two angiographic recordings and analyzing the fluid dynamics of the contrast medium flow, the software computes the FFR. In the setting of clinical studies, it has been demonstrated that QFR is feasible and correlates well with FFR. The aim of this study is to compare feasibility and reliability of QFR with established measurements of the iFR or RFR in daily routine. Methods Patients with an indication for an invasive coronary angiography and a stenosis of 30 to 90% were simultaneously assessed using QFR and iFR/RFR in a routine setting. The QFR-computation was performed online by a certified expert with QAngio XA 3D 3.2. The following outcome parameters were analyzed: time to result, volume of applicated contrast medium, applicated dose area product, result of the evaluation. The results have been registered for both methods, respectively. Results 102 coronary arteries were analyzed using QFR and iFR or RFR. QFR shows a good correlation (r=0.753, AUC=0.922) and accuracy (agreement 89.22%, sensitivity 95.83%, specificity 83.33%, PPV 83.64%, NPV 95.74%). The data show that QFR delivers significantly faster results and reduces the procedure related applicated radiation dose from in median 598.8 cGy cm2 to 306.75 cG ycm2 (p&amp;lt;0.001). The study shows no significant difference regarding the amount of contrast medium used. Conclusion QFR has a good diagnostic agreement and can reduce procedure length and applicated radiation dose. Thereby QFR could increase the use of physiologically guided coronary interventions in daily routine. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
High-resolution reconstruction of dynamic PET image sequences using a low-order approximation (1995)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging modality which produces valuable functional information, but is limited by the poor image quality it provides. Considerable attention has been payed to the problem of reconstructing images in a way that produces better image resolution and noise properties. In dynamic imaging applications PET data are particularly noisy, thus preventing successful recovery of spatial resolution by signal processing applications. In this paper we show that smoothing of image data using a low-order approximation along the time axis can greatly enhance restoration performance.
206 Impact of Testing and Treatment on Emergency Department Length of Stay Using a National Database (2011)

of the 1998 survey. By definition the CAH EDs provide the only emergency medical access for 800,000 rural West Virginians and nationwide for 55,000,000 rural Americans.
A model for access negotiations in dynamic coalitions (2005)

The process of negotiating common access states in dynamic coalitions that comprise tens of autonomous domains sharing hundreds of resources is time-consuming and error-prone if performed without the benefit of automated tools. This process is also repetitive since, during the lifetime of a dynamic coalition, member domains must undertake the task of negotiating common access states multiple times as domains leave and new ones join the coalition. To define and verify the correctness of tools for automated negotiation, we present a formal state-transition model of the process of negotiating a common access state.
Three-dimensional imaging of human stem cells using soft X-ray tomography (2015)

Three-dimensional imaging of human stem cells using transmission soft X-ray tomography (SXT) is presented for the first time. Major organelle types--nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, lysosomes and vesicles--were discriminated at approximately 50 nm spatial resolution without the use of contrast agents, on the basis of measured linear X-ray absorption coefficients and comparison of the size and shape of structures to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. In addition, SXT was used to visualize the distribution of a cell surface protein using gold-labelled antibody staining. We present the strengths of SXT, which include excellent spatial resolution (intermediate between that of TEM and light microscopy), the lack of the requirement for fixative or contrast agent that might perturb cellular morphology or produce imaging artefacts, and the ability to produce three-dimensional images of cells without microtome sectioning. Possible applications to studying the differentiation of human stem cells are discussed.
Transvaginal bladder neck suspension to cooper's ligament: A modified pereyra procedure (1996)

We describe a modified Pereyra procedure with fixation of the bladder neck to Cooper's ligament. The anterolateral attachments of the paraurethral tissue to the inferior pubic ramus are exposed through a vaginal incision. Sutures are placed in the detached endopelvic fascia together with vaginal wall without epithelium and passed suprapubically through small ipsilateral skin and fascial incisions made slightly lateral to and at the level of the pubic symphysis, allowing visualization of Cooper's ligament. The sutures are passed through Cooper's ligament and tied to suspend the bladder neck. All ten women in whom we have done this operation have been subjectively cured of stress incontinence. Five have had long-term urodynamic follow-up. Four of these were dry by objective criteria, after a mean follow-up time of 18 months (range 15-23). The other patient was subjectively dry but had urodynamic evidence of recurrent stress incontinence.
AN AGENT-ORIENTED APPROACH FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION WITH ICA-COLOR SIFT (2012)

This paper discusses the research conducted on developing a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for solving an image classification task. The aim of this research is to equip agents in MAS with reusable autonomous capabilities. The system provides a flexible framework for developing the communication aspects within an agent-oriented architecture to program agents that dynamically acquire functionality at runtime using event based messaging. In this research agents are equipped with unique image processing capabilities and required to interact and cooperate to achieve the goal. Complementary research on a variety of agent tools (specifically JACK, JADE and CIAgent) and communication languages (ACL, KQML, FIPA and SOAP) has been reviewed to glean knowledge that enables these agents to adapt those capabilities. The system has generated encouraging results.
A Computational Approach Identified Andrographolide as a Potential Drug for Suppressing COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm (2021)

We used a rational computational approach to repurpose existing drugs targeting host immunomodulating pathways. Our study suggests that andrographolide could bind with TNF and NFkB1 proteins, block TNF-induced cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, and warrant further experimental validation.
Design of Ship Trajectory Analysis and Application System Based on AIS (2019)

This paper investigates the trajectory clustering methods at home and abroad, with the application status of AIS data mining. Based on data mining technology and navigation theory, the overall design scheme of ship trajectory analysis system is put forward. The design of the system adopts the principles and ideas of hierarchical and modular design. The prototype system is designed into three layers: data source layer, data processing and mining layer, and user interface layer. The original trajectory data is stored in structured space, feature extraction and trajectory segmentation are used to generate regional feature trajectory set. The clustering analysis of feature trajectory in the region is realized by using OPTICS algorithm and Hansdorff distance measurement method. Finally, the AIS preprocessing module of the prototype system is tested with real AIS data provided by a maritime bureau. The test results show that the module meets the design requirements.
Pyrolytic Carbons from Porogen-treated Rice Husk as Lithium-insertion Anode Materials (2011)

Structural and lithium insertion characteristics of high-capacity disordered carbons derived from rice husk are described. The carbonaceous materials were synthesized by pyrolyzing rice husk under argon with and without prior treatment with a proprietary porogenic agent. Both the porogen-free and porogen-treated precursors yielded carbons with poor crystallinity, although the surface areas of the latter products were six to nine-fold higher. The small values of the R factor, as determined from XRD data, suggested that all the carbons were predominantly non-parallel single sheets of carbons. The high capacities of these disordered carbons are attributed to lithium that bound to the hydrogen-saturated carbons and also onto extra surfaces of the single layers of carbon. Other contributing factors are the accommodation of additional lithium in the nanoscopic cavities, interaction of lithium with surface functional groups, and lithium plating on the carbon surface. Although disadvantaged by high first-cycle irreversible capacities, the carbons derived from porogen-treated precursors delivered high capacities at increasing coulombic efficiencies as the cycling proceeded. The consistently high capacities make them potential candidates as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Further Reading (2013)

Next, the whole of the dog is examined, but special attention is given to palpation of the affected limb/s. Palpation is possibly the single most important part of the physical examination of the dog. Touch provides information regarding heat, pain, swelling, joint effusion, and any notable differences between left and right. Thus, ‘normal’ anatomical features of the patient can be ruled out from being the cause of the pathology. Flexion and extension of the joints of the affected limb/s should be conducted, bearing in mind it is impossible to isolate all of the joints completely, such as the elbow and shoulder. Flexion of the elbow would result in some ﬂexion of the shoulder, making it difﬁcult to localize the affected area. Care should be taken, as the aim is not to exacerbate the condition, nor should the patient be aggravated. It should be remembered that different dogs will manifest discomfort in different ways. Salivation, a sideways glance, shifting weight onto different limbs, vocalizing, and obvious shows of aggression can all be indicative of pain.
Proper orthogonal decomposition‐based reduced basis element thermal modeling of integrated circuits (2017)

Summary Various reduced basis element methods are compared for performing transient thermal simulations of integrated circuits. The reduced basis element method is a type of reduced order modeling that takes advantage of repeated geometrical features. It uses a reduced set of basis functions to approximate the solution of a PDE on subdomains (blocks); then these blocks are coupled together to perform a simulation on an entire domain. As the simulations are transient, a proper orthogonal decomposition basis is used, and the proper orthogonal decomposition eigenvalues from each block are used to derive error bounds for the entire simulation. These bounds are used to examine choices of block decompositions for a simplified integrated circuit structure. A decomposition that uses a single block for each transistor device is compared with a decomposition that uses one block for multiple devices. It was found that larger blocks are more computationally efficient; however, the advantage decreases if the devices within a block receive independent signals. Continuous and discontinuous methods of coupling the blocks were also compared. The coupling methods lend themselves to different solution approaches such as static condensation (continuous coupling) and block‐based inversion (discontinuous). Static condensation yielded the best convergence rate, accuracy, and operation count. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.