gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IT security for industrial control systems (2002)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to improve the information technology (IT) security of networked digital control systems used in industrial applications. This effort is being carried out through the Process Control Security Requirements Forum (PCSRF), an industry group organized under the National Information Assurance Program (NIAP). The PCSRF is working with security professionals to assess the vulnerabilities and establish appropriate strategies for the development of policies to reduce IT security risk within the U.S. process controls industry. The outcome of this work will be the development and dissemination of best practices and ultimately Common Criteria, ISO/IEC 15408 based security specifications that will be used in the procurement, development, and retrofit of industrial control systems. In support of this work this paper addresses the computer control systems used within process control industries, their similarities, and network architectures.
Size and nanocrystallinity controlled gold nanocrystals: synthesis, electronic and mechanical properties (2015)

The influence of nanocrystallinity on the electronic and mechanical properties of metal nanoparticles is still poorly understood, due to the difficulty in synthesizing nanoparticles with a controlled internal structure. Here, we report on a new method for the selective synthesis of Au nanoparticles in either a single-domain or a polycrystalline phase maintaining the same chemical environment. We obtain quasi-spherical nanoparticles whose diameter is tunable from 6 to 13 nm with a resolution down to ≈0.5 nm and narrow size distribution (4-5%). The availability of such high-quality samples allows the study of the impact of the particle size and nanocrystallinity on a number of parameters, such as plasmon dephasing time, electron-phonon coupling, period and damping time of the radial breathing modes.
Report for the NGFA-5 project, comprehensive evaluation of the current genomic technologies including genotyping, TaqMan PCR, multiple locus variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), microarray and high-throughput DNA sequencing in the analysis of biothreat agents from complex environmental samples for DHS (2011)

The objective of this project is to provide DHS a comprehensive evaluation of the current genomic technologies including genotyping, TaqMan PCR, multiple locus variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), microarray and high-throughput DNA sequencing in the analysis of biothreat agents from complex environmental samples. To effectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of the different genomic technologies, we used SNP TaqMan PCR, MLVA, microarray and high-throughput illumine and 454 sequencing to test various strains from B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis, BioWatch aerosol filter extracts or soil samples that were spiked with B. anthracis, and samples that were previously collected during DHS and EPA environmental release exercises that were known to contain B. thuringiensis spores. The results of all the samples against the various assays are discussed in this report.
Varieties of linguistic complexity in a standardized assessment of language performance (2011)

This study examined the comprehension of linguistically complex sentences among unimpaired adults and adults with aphasia. Participants completed a self-paced reading version of the Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT-R) containing passive sentences, sentences with adverbial clauses, and sentences with discontinuous adjective-noun dependencies. Off-line measures revealed clear effects of linguistic complexity for passive and discontinuous-dependency sentences, with more complex sentences eliciting lower scores for impaired and aphasic groups, but not for sentences with adverbial clauses. In contrast, on-line measures revealed the opposite pattern: less complex sentences elicited slower reading times. Off-line measures appear more sensitive to linguistic complexity in this task.
HPV / DNA testing: technical and programmatic issues for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings. (2000)

Several technologies exist for the molecular detection of HPV infection. Most of these technologies while sensitive and specific are too costly and cumbersome to incorporate into large-scale screening programs. Recently molecular diagnostic kits have been tested in developed and developing countries through several large research projects incorporating HPV screening into cervical dysplasia detection programs. Currently two commercially available molecular diagnostic kits have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and field-tested in the developing world. Both kits the Hybrid Capture Tube test and the Hybrid Capture II test (HC II) are produced by the Digene Corporation (Gaithersburg Maryland). Molecular-based HPV diagnostics remain largely untested in broad screening programs however. Research and pilot projects are under way in several countries to clarify the diagnostic clinical and programmatic implications of HPV screening for cervical cancer prevention. This document provides a summary of HPV as it relates to cervical cancer and examines the molecular technologies currently available for detecting HPV. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the suitability of these diagnostic tests for use in cervical cancer prevention programs in developing countries. (excerpt)
On the trade-off between power and flexibility of FPGA clock networks (2008)

FPGA clock networks consume a significant amount of power, since they toggle every clock cycle and must be flexible enough to implement the clocks for a wide range of different applications. The efficiency of FPGA clock networks can be improved by reducing this flexibility; however, reducing the flexibility introduces stricter constraints during the clustering and placement stages of the FPGA CAD flow. These constraints can reduce the overall efficiency of the final implementation. This article examines the trade-off between the power consumption and flexibility of FPGA clock networks. Specifically, this article makes three contributions. First, it presents a new parameterized clock-network framework for describing and comparing FPGA clock networks. Second, it describes new clock-aware placement techniques that are needed to find a legal placement satisfying the constraints imposed by the clock network. Finally, it performs an empirical study to examine the trade-off between the power consumption of the clock network and the impact of the CAD constraints for a number of different clock networks with varying amounts of flexibility. The results show that the techniques used to produce a legal placement can have a significant influence on power and the ability of the placer to find a legal solution. On average, circuits placed using the most effective techniques dissipate 5% less overall energy and are significantly more likely to be legal than circuits placed using other techniques. Moreover, the results show that the architecture of the clock network is also important. On average, FPGAs with an efficient clock network are up to 14.6% more energy efficient compared to other FPGAs.
IsoVec: Controlling the Relative Isomorphism of Word Embedding Spaces (2022)

The ability to extract high-quality translation dictionaries from monolingual word embedding spaces depends critically on the geometric similarity of the spaces -- their degree of "isomorphism." We address the root-cause of faulty cross-lingual mapping: that word embedding training resulted in the underlying spaces being non-isomorphic. We incorporate global measures of isomorphism directly into the Skip-gram loss function, successfully increasing the relative isomorphism of trained word embedding spaces and improving their ability to be mapped to a shared cross-lingual space. The result is improved bilingual lexicon induction in general data conditions, under domain mismatch, and with training algorithm dissimilarities. We release IsoVec at https://github.com/kellymarchisio/isovec.
CMOS photonics for optical manipulation of particles and biosensing (2012)

We will discuss the latest progress in our work on using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photonics
for optical manipulation of dielectric microparticles and submicrometer particles in a microfluidic channel. Specifically,
we will review optical trapping and routing of particles using silicon nitride waveguide-based directional couplers and
multimode-interference (MMI)-based couplers. Our experiments reveal that microparticles can be directionally coupled
from one waveguide to another waveguide via evanescent light coupling over submicrometer gap spacing. We also
observe that microparticles can be preferentially transported to the larger field-intensity output-port of a 1×2 MMI
optical power splitter. We thus envision that these photonic components, along with other photonic components that
have previously been demonstrated with functionalities of optical manipulation of particles in fluids, constitute basic
building blocks of CMOS optofluidic circuits for particle manipulation and biosensing.
The periodic average structure of particular quasicrystals (1999)

The non-crystallographic symmetry of d-dimensional (dD) quasiperiodic structures is incompatible with lattice periodicity in dD physical space. However, dD quasiperiodic structures can be described as irrational sections of nD (n > d) periodic hypercrystal structures. By appropriate oblique projection of particular hypercrystal structures onto physical space, discrete periodic average structures can be obtained. The boundaries of the projected atomic surfaces give the maximum distance of each atom in a quasiperiodic structure from the vertices of the reference lattice of its average structure. These maximum distances turn out to be smaller than even the shortest atomic bond lengths. The metrics of the average structure of a 3D Ammann tiling, for instance, with edge lengths of the unit tiles equal to the bond lengths in elemental aluminium, correspond almost exactly to the metrics of face-centred-cubic aluminium. This is remarkable since most stable quasicrystals contain aluminium as the main constitutent. The study of the average structure of quasicrystals can be a valuable aid to the elucidation of the geometry of quasicrystal-to-crystal transformations. It can also contribute to the derivation of the physically most relevant Brillouin (Jones) zone.
Efficacy and Safety of Fortification and Supplementation with Vitamin B12: Biochemical and Physiological Effects (2008)

Long known as an uncommon but serious medical disorder requiring medical management, vitamin B12 deficiency is now seen to be common worldwide, but it is in a quite different form than traditionally envisioned. Most of the newly recognized deficiency is subclinical in nature, its health impact and natural history are uncertain, and its prevalence has been greatly inflated by also including persons with "low-normal" vitamin B12 levels, few of whom are deficient. The spread of folic acid fortification has also introduced concerns about folate's potentially adverse neurologic consequences in persons with undetected vitamin B12 deficiency. Fortification with vitamin B12 may prove more complicated than fortification with folic acid, however, because the bioavailability of vitamin B12 is limited. Bioavailability for those who need the vitamin B12 the most is especially poor, because they often have malabsorption affecting either classical intrinsic factor-mediated absorption or food-vitamin B12 absorption. Moreover, new evidence shows that many elderly persons respond poorly to daily oral doses under 500 microg (1 microg = 0.74 nmol), even if they do not have classical malabsorption, which suggests that proposed fortification with 1 to 10 microg may be ineffective. Those least in need of vitamin B12 usually have normal absorption and are thus at greatest risk for whatever unknown adverse effects of high-dose fortification might emerge, such as the effects of excess accumulation of cyanocobalamin. Studies are needed to define the still unproven health benefits of vitamin B12 fortification, the optimal levels of fortification, the stability of such fortification, interactions with other nutrients, and any possible adverse effects on healthy persons. The answers will permit formulation of appropriately informed decisions about mandatory fortification or (because fortification may prove a poor choice) about targeted supplementation in subpopulations with special needs for additional vitamin B12, such as vegetarians, nursing mothers, and the elderly.
ISO Standards for Measurement of Laser Beam Parameters (1998)

The characterization of laser beams and laser optical components generates much interest among laser users and manufacturers. It is the subject of discussion by national and international standardization committees and the focus of an important European project (Eureka project EU-1269: CHaracterization of Optical Components and Laser Beams, also known as CHOCLAB).
Reliability of cutaneous landmarks for the catheter length assessment during peripherally inserted central catheter insertion: A retrospective observational study (2020)

Landmark-based length estimation for preventive catheter length assessment seems to be unreliable, when associated with post-procedural tip location. They are useful for distal trimming catheters to optimize the 'out of skin' portion when associated with electrocardiographic tip location. Models identified for balancing bias are probably not useful.
Adaptive radio channel allocation for supporting coexistence of 802.15.4 and 802.11b (2006)

As the explosive growth of the ISM band usage continues, there are many scenarios where different systems operate in the same place at the same time. One of growing concerns is the coexistence of wireless systems [18]. For the successful deployment of mission-critical systems such as wireless sensor networks, it is required to provide a solution for the coexistence. In this paper, we propose a new scheme using multiple radio channels for the coexistence of 802.15.4 LRWPAN and 802.11b WLAN. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, measurement and simulation study are conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective in performance improvement for multi-hop largescale network of 802.15.4. Keywords-component; coexistence; interference; ISM band; 802.15.4; 802.11b
Integrating moving edge information along a 2D trajectory in densely sampled imagery (2003)

The author seeks to exploit the inherent continuity of visual motion by examining the trajectory of a moving edge in densely sampled imagery. Past edge motion is propagated ahead of the moving edge along the trajectory; this information is then used to evaluate current motion measurements and compute important feature properties. Two related temporal image features are presented. Temporal persistence is the period of time over which a spatial feature has stably persisted in the image plane. Consistent edge motion occurs when an edge moves in a manner which is consistent with its previous trajectory. These temporal features are important to object recognition because spatial structures which persist in a stable manner over time are likely to be structurally related to objects. Results on natural imagery are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Vibration Damping, Control, and Design (2007)

Reducing and controlling the level of vibration in a mechanical system leads to an improved work environment and product quality, reduced noise, more economical operation, and longer equipment life. Adequate design is essential for reducing vibrations, while damping and control methods help further reduce and manipulate vibrations when design strat
Expression and transfer of engineered catabolic pathways harbored by Pseudomonas spp. introduced into activated sludge microcosms (1992)

Two genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 FR1(pFRC20P) (FR120) and Pseudomonas putida KT2440(pWWO-EB62) (EB62), were introduced into activated sludge microcosms that had the level of aeration, nutrient makeup, and microbial community structure of activated sludge reactors. FR120 contains an experimentally assembled ortho cleavage route for simultaneous degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate (3CB) and 4-methyl benzoate (4MB); EB62 contains a derivative TOL plasmid-encoded degradative pathway for toluene experimentally evolved so that it additionally processes 4-ethyl benzoate (4EB). Experiments assessed survival of the GEMs, their ability to degrade target substrates, and lateral transfer of plasmid-encoded recombinant DNA. GEMs added at initial densities of 10(6) to 10(7) bacteria per ml of activated sludge declined to stable population densities of 10(4) to 10(5) bacteria per ml. FR120 degraded combinations of 3CB and 4MB (1 mM each) following 3 days of adaptation in the microcosms. Indigenous microorganisms required an 8-day adaptation period before degradation of 4MB was observed; 3CB was degraded only after the concentration of 4MB was much reduced. The indigenous microbial community was killed when both compounds were present at concentrations of 4.0 mM. However, in parallel microcosms containing FR120, the microbial community maintained a normal density of viable cells. Indigenous microbes readily degraded 4EB (2 mM), and EB62 did not significantly increase the observed rate of degradation. In filter matings, transfer of pFRC20P, which specifies mobilization but not transfer functions, from FR120 to P. putida UWC1 was not detectable (< 10(-7) transconjugants per donor cell).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Handling Performance Sensitive Native Cloud Applications with Distributed Cloud Computing and SLA Management (2013)

Cloud computing has been used as a platform to reduce cost and increase deployment flexibility for traditional enterprise three-tier web, and some video streaming applications. Typically these types of applications have fairly simple and self-understood performance requirements. Fine-grained constraints on the computation, storage, and networking resources are required support mission-critical enterprise use-cases at a reasonable cost. They are spelled out by service level agreements (SLAs) between the application and the cloud platform. Moreover, new distributed cloud platforms allow for additional deployment patterns, supporting more performance sensitive applications. For example, a specific gaming component will benefit being deployed in the proximity of the (mobile) end-user due to low-latency requirements. In this paper, we motivate the need for more complex performance requirement support with two use cases, electric utility metering and control and public safety. We describe an application management tool, called the Abstract Service Manager (ASM), which is designed to allow the expression of performance requirements in the automated deployment of distributed cloud-native applications. Together with a distributed cloud orchestration system, the ASM automatically mitigates the complexity of constructing performance sensitive applications and their deployment on a distributed cloud.
Evolução muito tardia da valvotomia percutânea por balão na estenose mitral grave (2012)

INTRODUÇÃO: A valvotomia mitral percutânea por balão é um procedimento seguro e eficaz em pacientes com estenose mitral grave sintomática selecionados, com resultados imediatos e a longo prazo semelhantes aos da intervenção cirúrgica. Este estudo tem o objetivo de descrever os resultados muito tardios das primeiras valvotomias mitrais percutâneas por balão realizadas em nossa instituição e identificar os fatores preditores de reestenose. MÉTODOS: No período de 1987 a 1991, 200 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a valvotomia mitral percutânea por balão. Avaliações clínica e ecocardiográfica foram realizadas antes do procedimento, 48 horas após e, então, anualmente. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 32 ± 12 anos, 86,5% eram do sexo feminino e 80,5% encontravam-se em classe funcional III ou IV da New York Heart Association. A média do escore de Wilkins foi de 7,6 ± 1,2 e o sucesso do procedimento ocorreu em 87,5% (175/200) dos pacientes. Durante o seguimento, foram acompanhados 129 pacientes (74%) por 140 ± 79 meses. Reestenose após o primeiro procedimento ocorreu em 46,5% (60/129) dos pacientes, sendo realizada uma segunda valvotomia mitral percutânea por balão em 25 pacientes, uma terceira em 4 pacientes, e uma quarta em 1 paciente. Em cinco anos, a probabilidade livre de reestenose foi de 85%, em 10 anos foi de 60% e em 20 anos, de 36%. O diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (P = 0,034) e o gradiente transvalvar mitral tanto pré (P = 0,013) como pós-procedimento (P = 0,038) foram preditores de reestenose. CONCLUSÕES: Em seguimento clínico muito tardio, a valvotomia mitral percutânea por balão mostrou que os resultados são duradouros em mais de um terço dos pacientes e que a repetição do procedimento pode ser realizada com segurança em pacientes selecionados. A identificação dos preditores de reestenose é útil para guiar a seleção de casos para o procedimento.
Position sensitive detection of neutrons in high radiation background field (2014)

We present the development of a high-resolution position sensitive device for detection of slow neutrons in the environment of extremely high γ and e(-) radiation background. We make use of a planar silicon pixelated (pixel size: 55 × 55 μm(2)) spectroscopic Timepix detector adapted for neutron detection utilizing very thin (10)B converter placed onto detector surface. We demonstrate that electromagnetic radiation background can be discriminated from the neutron signal utilizing the fact that each particle type produces characteristic ionization tracks in the pixelated detector. Particular tracks can be distinguished by their 2D shape (in the detector plane) and spectroscopic response using single event analysis. A Cd sheet served as thermal neutron stopper as well as intensive source of gamma rays and energetic electrons. Highly efficient discrimination was successful even at very low neutron to electromagnetic background ratio about 10(-4).
Shear wave speed recovery using moving interference patterns obtained in sonoelastography experiments (2007)

Two new experiments were created to characterize the elasticity of soft tissue using sonoelastography. In both experiments the spectral variance image displayed on a GE LOGIC 700 ultrasound machine shows a moving interference pattern that travels at a very small fraction of the shear wave speed. The goal of this paper is to devise and test algorithms to calculate the speed of the moving interference pattern using the arrival times of these same patterns. A geometric optics expansion is used to obtain Eikonal equations relating the moving interference pattern arrival times to the moving interference pattern speed and then to the shear wave speed. A cross-correlation procedure is employed to find the arrival times; and an inverse Eikonal solver called the level curve method computes the speed of the interference pattern. The algorithm is tested on data from a phantom experiment performed at the University of Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound.