gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A neuroimaging study of pleasant and unpleasant olfactory perceptions of virgin olive oil (2016)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to collect information from neurons that receive direct input from olfactory bulbs when subjects smell virgin olive oil. The pleasant aroma of three extra virgin olive oils (var. Royal, Arbequina and Picual) and three virgin olive oils with sensory defects (rancid, fusty and winey/vinegary) were presented to 14 subjects while a fMRI scan acquired data from the brain activity. Data were subjected to a two-sample t test analysis, which allows a better interpretation of results particularly when data are studied across different subjects. Most of the activations, which were located in the frontal lobe, are related to the olfactory task regardless of the hedonic component of perception (e.g. Brodmann areas 10, 11). Comparing the samples with pleasant and unpleasant aromas, differences were found at the anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 32), at the temporal lobe (Brodmann area 38), and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47), while intense aromas activated Brodmann area 6. The actual perceptions described by the subjects and the concentration of the odorant compounds in the samples were considered in the interpretation of the results.
Drug Targeting in Cancer Therapy: The Magic Bullet, What Next? (1996)

(1996). Drug Targeting in Cancer Therapy: The Magic Bullet, What Next? Journal of Drug Targeting: Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 317-319.
93-GHz Signal Beam Steering with True Time Delayed Integrated Optical Beamforming Network (2019)

A 93-GHz beam steering experiment based on a 1 x 4 phased array antenna was demonstrated, achieving beam steering angles of -51o, ±34o, ±17oand 0o. An integrated optical beamforming network chip with true time delays was employed.
Stress-induced anisotropy in brine saturated shale (2010)

This paper reports the intrinsic and crack-induced anisotropic properties of a set of preserved, brine-saturated shale samples and their response to external stresses. We used undrained multistage triaxial tests to evaluate how the ultrasonic wave velocities and their anisotropy changed with increasing isotropic and differential stress conditions. In addition, the impact of stress orientation with respect to fabric orientation was evaluated. An array of ultrasonic transducers allowed to measure five independent wave velocities which were used to calculate the elastic properties of the shale. Results indicate that in this shale P- and S-wave velocities vary with stress in a different manner dependent on the maximum principal stress orientation with respect to the fabric. Where the maximum stress is normal to bedding, Vpv and Vs1 increase monotonically with increasing effective stress. However Vph and Vsh decrease during individual loading stages but increase from stage to stage as confining pressure increases. The reverse occurs when the microfabric is parallel to the maximum principal stress. Where the maximum stress is bedding normal, velocity anisotropy decreases as differential stress increases; when maximum stress is fabric parallel, anisotropy increases. Elastic anisotropy is related to the initial composition and the spatial distribution of the different minerals (fabric) in the sediment and the presence of microfractures, while changes in elastic anisotropy result from the applied stresses, their orientation with respect to the rock fabric and the degree of stress anisotropy.
SimText: A text mining framework for interactive analysis and visualization of similarities among biomedical entities (2020)

Abstract Literature exploration in PubMed on a large number of biomedical entities (e.g., genes, diseases, experiments) can be time consuming and challenging comparing many entities to one other. Here, we describe SimText, a user-friendly toolset that provides customizable and systematic workflows for the analysis of similarities among a set of entities based on words from abstracts and/or other text. SimText can be used for (i) data generation: text collection from PubMed and extraction of words with different text mining approaches, and (ii) interactive analysis of data using unsupervised learning techniques and visualization in a Shiny web application. Availability and Implementation We developed SimText as an open-source R software and integrated it into Galaxy, an online data analysis platform. A command line version of the toolset is available for download from GitHub at https://github.com/mgramm1/simtext .
What Physicians Should Know About Clients and Servers (2013)

Chances are your medical practice uses e-mail every day. But here's how it works and how to find the right fit for your office's operations.
Static task-scheduling algorithms for battery-powered DVS systems (2005)

Battery lifetime enhancement is a critical design parameter for mobile computing devices. Maximizing the battery lifetime is a particularly difficult problem due to the nonlinearity of the battery behavior and its dependence on the characteristics of the discharge profile. In this paper, we address the problem of task scheduling with voltage scaling in a battery-powered single and multiprocessor system such that the residual charge or the battery voltage (the parameters for evaluating battery performance) is maximized. We propose an efficient heuristic algorithm using a charge-based cost function derived from the analytical battery model. Our algorithm first creates a task sequence that ensures battery survival, and then distributes the available delay slack so that the cost function is maximized. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been verified using DUALFOIL, a low-level Li-ion battery simulator. The algorithm has been validated on synthetic examples created from applications running on Compaq's handheld computing research platform, ITSY
Parameters affecting resin-anchored cable bolt performance: Results of in situ evaluations (1995)

Cable bolt support techniques, including hardware and anchorage systems, continue to evolve to meet US mining requirements. For cable support systems to be successfully implemented into new ground control areas, the mechanics of this support and the potential range of performance need to be better understood. To contribute to this understanding, a series of 36 pull tests were performed on 10 ft long cable bolts using various combinations of hole diameters, resin formulations, anchor types, and with and without resin dams. These test provided insight as to the influence of these four parameters on cable system performance. Performance was assessed in terms of support capacity (maximum load attained in a pull test), system stiffness (assessed from two intervals of load-deformation), and from the general load-deformation response. Three characteristic load-deformation responses were observed. An Analysis of Variance identified a number of main effects and interactions of significance to support capacity and stiffness. The factorial experiment performed in this study provides insight to the effects of several design parameters associated with resin-anchored cable bolts.
Clinical presentation and survival of childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study in United Kingdom (2018)

This national study describes a heterogeneous disease whose outcomes depend on the age of presentation and aetiology. Overall mortality and SCD rates have not changed over time, but they remain higher than in adults with HCM, with events occurring in syndromic and non-syndromic patients.
Euripus: A flexible unified hardware memory checkpointing accelerator for bidirectional-debugging and reliability (2012)

Bidirectional debugging and error recovery have different goals (programmer productivity and system reliability, respectively), yet they both require the ability to roll-back the program or the system to a past state. This rollback functionality is typically implemented using checkpoints that can restore the system/application to a specific point in time. There are several types of checkpoints, and bidirectional debugging and error-recovery use them in different ways. This paper presents Euripus <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , a flexible hardware accelerator for memory checkpointing which can create different combinations of checkpoints needed for bidirectional debugging, error recovery, or both. In particular, Euripus is the first hardware technique to provide consolidation-friendly undo-logs (for bidirectional debugging), to allow simultaneous construction of both undo and redo logs, and to support multi-level checkpointing for the needs of error-recovery. Euripus incurs low performance overheads (<;5% on average), improves roll-back latency for bidirectional debugging by >;30%, and supports rapid multi-level error recovery that allows >;95% system efficiency even with very high error rates.
B Cell Competition for Restricted T Cell Help Suppresses Rare-Epitope Responses (2018)

The immune system responds preferentially to particular antigenic-epitopes contained within complex immunogens, such as proteins or microbes. This poorly understood phenomenon, termed "immunodominance," remains an obstacle to achieving polyvalent immune responses against multiple antigenic-epitopes through vaccination. We observed profound suppression in the hapten-specific antibody response in mice immunized with hapten-protein conjugate, mixed with an excess of protein, relative to that in mice immunized with hapten-protein alone. The suppression was robust (100-fold and 10-fold with a 10- or 2-fold excess of protein, respectively), stable over a 6-log range in antigen dose, observed within 10 days of vaccination, and resistant to boosting and adjuvants. Furthermore, there were reduced frequencies of antigen-specific germinal-center B cells and long-lived bone-marrow plasma cells. The mechanism of this "antigen-competition" was mediated largely by early access to T-helper cells. These results offer mechanistic insights into B cell competition during an immune response and suggest vaccination strategies against HIV, influenza, and dengue.
<title>Novel laser atomic fluorescence spectrometer for environmental and biomedical analyses of heavy metals</title> (1997)

We report on the development of a novel experimental set-up using laser atomic fluorescence for detection and concentration measurements of heavy metal atoms for environmental and biomedical analyses. This spectrometer is based on the application of tunable LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+**</SUP> and LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> color center and alexandrite lasers with nonlinear converters for narrowband excitation of atomic fluorescence and the use of gated multichannel CCD detectors for fluorescence measurements. A standard graphite furnace module was used for sample atomization. The laser sources used provide narrowband selective laser excitation continuously tunable in the 200 - 400 nm range and are therefore suitable for resonant excitation of atomic transitions in practically all known heavy metal atoms. In the first experiments, water samples containing Cu, Pb and Fe impurities were studied and detection levels of less than 1 ppb were observed. Comparison of the results of atomic laser fluorescence analysis and traditional atomic absorption spectrometry showed good qualitative agreement between these two methods. It is projected that full optimization of our experimental set up will allow for improved detection levels of several orders of magnitude. Possible optimization and simplification of the spectrometer are discussed in the context of developing a portable instrument for field use.
A comparative study of the cortical function during the interpretation of algorithms in pseudocode and the solution of first-order algebraic equations (2023)

This study intends to determine whether similarities of the functioning of the cerebral cortex exist, modeled as a graph, during the execution of mathematical tasks and programming related tasks. The comparison is done using network parameters and during the development of computer programming tasks and the solution of first-order algebraic equations. For that purpose, electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) were made with a volunteer group of 16 students of systems engineering of Universidad del Norte in Colombia, while they were performing computer programming tasks and solving first-order algebraic equations with three levels of difficulty. Then, based on the Synchronization Likelihood method, graph models of functional cortical networks were developed, whose parameters of Small-Worldness (SWN), global(Eg) and local (El) efficiency were compared between both types of tasks. From this study, it can be highlighted, first, the novelty of studying cortical function during the solution of algebraic equations and during programming tasks; second, significant differences between both types of tasks observed only in the delta and theta bands. Likewise, the differences between simpler mathematical tasks with the other levels in both types of tasks; third, the Brodmann areas 21 and 42, associated with auditory sensory processing, can be considered as differentiating elements of programming tasks; as well as Brodmann area 8, during equation solving.
A Disturbance Rejection for Model Predictive Control Using a Multivariable Disturbance Observer (2010)

Model predictive control has been widely used in industrial applications. And more efficient and more precise control is being required to meet growing demands such as energy savings and fewer emissions in industrial plants. In this paper, we focus on step response model based predictive control, which is one of most applied predictive control methods, and propose a new disturbance rejection method to overcome control performance degradation caused by unmeasured ramp-like disturbances.
Magnetic structure of greigite (Fe3S4) probed by neutron powder diffraction and polarized neutron diffraction (2009)

We have investigated greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) using a combination of neutron powder diffraction and polarized neutron diffraction to give the first unambiguous assignment of its magnetic structure. Our results confirm that greigite has a collinear ferrimagnetic structure with antiferromagnetic coupling between the tetrahedral ( A ) and octahedral ( B ) sites. Our analysis also indicates that greigite does not have a significant vacancy concentration or spin canting. High‐resolution neutron powder diffraction results enable determination of sublattice magnetizations of the A and B sites. At room temperature, the average magnetic moments on the two sites are almost the same (∼3.0 μ B ), with a net magnetic moment of ∼3.0 μ B per formula unit (fu). The magnetic moment of the B sites decreases slightly between 10 K and room temperature, while the A site moment is relatively stable as a function of temperature; this indicates that greigite is probably an R‐type ferrimagnet. At 10 K, the average magnetic moments of the A and B sites are 3.0 μ B and 3.25 μ B , respectively. Neutron diffraction measurements, coupled with magnetic measurements, on our pure synthetic greigite samples indicate that the saturation magnetization of greigite is lower than that of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). It is proposed that the lower magnetic moment in greigite (saturation magnetization is ∼59 A m 2 kg −1 ) compared to magnetite is probably caused by an increased degree of covalency between iron and sulfur compared to oxygen ligands or by greater delocalization of the 3 d electrons in greigite.
Analysis of evidence within the AUA's clinical practice guidelines. (2018)

The AUA has published broad CPGs that far exceed those from the AAOS and AAO-HNS. The AUA has utilized extensive resources to provide guidance to help standardize care among urologists. The AAOS and AAO-HNS may not provide guidelines when evidence is limited. With the continued increase of high quality clinical trials, the AUA will be able to continue improving its robust set of evidence-based CPGs.
Planning Responses to Telecom Hotels: What Accounts for Increased Regulation of Co-location Facilities? (2002)

(2002). Planning Responses to Telecom Hotels: What Accounts for Increased Regulation of Co-location Facilities? Journal of Urban Technology: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 1-18.
Implementation of a Cooperative MAC Protocol: Performance and Challenges in a Real Environment (2009)

Cooperative communication is an active area of research today. It enables nodes to achieve spatial diversity, thereby achieving tremendous improvement in system capacity and delay. Due to its immense potential, extensive investigations have been directed to closely examine its performance by means of both analysis and simulation. However, the study of this new technology in an implementation-based system is very limited. In this paper, we present two implementation approaches to demonstrate the viability of realizing cooperation at the MAC layer in a real environment. The paper describes the technical challenges encountered in each of the approaches, details the corresponding solution proposed, and compares the limitations and benefits of the two approaches. Experimental measurements are reported, which not only help develop a deeper understanding of the protocol behavior but also confirm that cooperative communication is a promising technology for boosting the performance of next-generation wireless networks.
Growth regimes during homoepitaxial growth of GaN by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (2012)

c-plane GaN films were grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition templates for a wide range of NH3:Ga flux ratios and growth temperatures, and the resulting films were characterized using atomic force microscopy, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Three distinct nitrogen-rich growth regimes—unstable layer-by-layer, quasi-stable step flow, and dislocation-mediated pitting—were identified based on the growth mode and film properties. In addition, step flow growth was observed under conditions of gallium droplet accumulation. The results indicate the existence of two regimes for step-flow growth of GaN by ammonia MBE—both gallium-rich and nitrogen-rich. Growth mode instabilities and mound formation were observed and are discussed in the context of a step-edge energy barrier to adatom diffusion over a terrace.
Technique for Measuring Stress Corrosion Cracking of Metallic Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions (1993)

A mathematical model relating deformation to electrochemical behaviors of metals in aqueous solution has been developed. The model was established based upon principles of holographic interferometry for measuring microscopic deformation and of electrochemistry for measuring the corrosion of metals, i.e., anodic dissolution current. The model can be used to calculate the stress corrosion of metals under a constant load or displacement in a polarized or unpolarized condition. The current density of metals can be calculated as a function of imposed deformations. The model was used to calculate the stress corrosion behavior of a nickel electrode under a constant load in 1 N H2SO4 solution. The calculation was based on a hypothetical optical arrangement of the holographic interferometry as well as on empirical parameters of Ni electrochemistry in the solution. The study was successful in developing an experimental technique for investigating the influence of deformation on corrosion. The development of the technique was based on a new optical transducer. The new transducer incorporated electrochemical methods with those of holographic interferometry. The transducer was capable of measuring microscopic deformation and the corresponding anodic dissolution current of the surface of metal simultaneously. As a result, data on stress corrosion tests of a molybdenum electrode in 0.75 N KCl and a nickel electrode in 1 N H2SO4 were obtained.
Production of narrow but deep lesions suitable for ablation of atrial fibrillation using a saline‐cooled narrow beam Nd:YAG laser catheter (2001)

Irrigated Nd:YAG laser can be used to make deep narrow myocardial lesions without crater formation. Laser ablation may be more suitable than radiofrequency ablation for intraoperative or catheter-based cure of atrial fibrillation.
Energy Optimization For Hybrid ARQ With Turbo Coding: Rate Adaptation and Allocation (2020)

We consider incremental redundancy (IR) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) over independent block-fading channels with turbo coding. We consider different cases of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter: the transmitter has no knowledge of any CSI, or knows the CSI in previous transmission rounds through a perfect feedback channel, or knows both current and previous CSI. The transmitter decides the forward error correction code rate based on the CSI it has. We minimize the energy consumption of turbo-coded HARQ, subject to a packet loss rate constraint. Numerical results show that the energy consumption of HARQ decreases when more CSI information is available at the transmitter. We also compare IR combining with Chase combining and the system without combining, and IR combining yields the least energy consumption.
Distributed evaluation of network directory queries (2004)

We describe novel efficient techniques for the distributed evaluation of hierarchical aggregate selection queries over LDAP directory data, distributed across multiple autonomous directory servers. Such queries are useful for emerging applications like the directory enabled networks initiative. Our techniques follow the LDAP approach of distributed query evaluation by referrals, where each relevant server computes answers locally, and the LDAP client coordinates between directory servers. We make a conceptual separation between the identification of relevant servers and the distributed computation of answers. We focus on the challenging task of generating an efficient plan for evaluating hierarchical aggregate selection queries, which involves correlating directory entries across multiple servers. The key features of our plan are: 1) the network traffic consists of query answers, and auxiliary messages that depend only on the number of servers and the size of the query (not on the data size), 2) the coordination effort at the client is independent of the data size, and 3) potentially expensive server-to-server communication and coordination is avoided. We complement our analysis with experiments that show the robustness and scalability of our techniques for highly distributed directory query processing.
A Conducting Polymer-Based Electronic Nose for Landmine Detection (2001)

Abstract : This program was part of DARPA's 'Dog Nose' initiative to develop landmine detection technology based upon the chemical signature of the mine explosive charge. The focus of this DARPA-sponsored project was to exploit the exciting breakthrough technology developed recently at Caltech that forms the basis for a low power, simple , manufacturable 'electronic nose'. This nose-on-a-chip involves chemically sensitive resistors, whose signals reveal the identification and concentration of vapors in a fashion analogous to that of the mammalian olfactory system. This technology has been developed into a landmine detection system, based on the characteristic chemical signature of mines, that operates in real-time through a VLSI-compatible Si process.