gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of a Pilot Support System for Lateral Three-Degree Decelerating Approaches (2006)

The growth of many airports is constrained by the noise impact of aircraft on communities surrounding those airports. Advanced guidance and navigation systems make it possible, however, to introduce new approach procedures which can realize a reduction of noise. One of the promising noise abatement procedures is the Three-Degree Decelerating Approach (TDDA). The capacity of the airport is, however, influenced negatively by this procedure. This problem can be solved by delegating the task of separation to the pilot. The noise impact is reduced during the TDDA procedure by eliminating the level flight segments and flying with a low engine setting for as long as possible. Previous research on the TDDA was limited to the situation where the aircraft at the start of the procedure is already located on the ILS localizer. The LTDDA procedure which is discussed in this paper allows the aircraft to start the deceleration approach when being on the downwind leg of the approach. More enhanced algorithms, the so-called Turn and Flap Scheduler, have been developed to drive the pilot support system for performing the LTDDA approach. Including the lateral manoeuvre in the decelerating approach allows for path-stretching: the turn to final can be set earlier when being late and later when being early. The turn scheduling algorithm optimizes the trajectory of the aircraft until the separation requirement is met. The Flap Scheduler can then meet the noise requirement much easier. Monte Carlo simulations have been conducted to test the robustness of the optimization algorithms. This has been done by applying turbulence, considering different wind conditions and changing the behavior of the lead aircraft. The results have shown that the noise and separation requirements are met for all conditions.
CNN-based Multi-band Fused Boundary Detection for Remotely Sensed Images (2015)

This paper introduces a boundary detection technique for remotely sensed images using a CNN-based multi-band fusion architecture. Conventional edge detection techniques fail to cope with the improvements in spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolutions of remote sensing images. While current approaches have handled each complexity in a mutually exclusive manner through specific adaptation of boundary detection parameters, there have been limited techniques that are feature-independent and parameter-free. The proposed approach attempts to integrate complementary and redundant information from the various multi-spectral bands of remotely sensed images to provide a composite image which could enhance perception and reinforce common interpretation while facilitating self-learning and customization capabilities for detection and fusion respectively. First, the technique associates a confidence map on the location of region boundaries with each multi-spectral band individually using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Further, a weighted decision-based fusion framework is applied to integrate the contributions of individual confidence maps into one unified boundary detected output. Systematic experiments are conducted on publicly available datasets in order to evaluate the performance of the method and benchmark it against competing baselines.
Hybrid PET-optical imaging using targeted probes (2010)

Fusion imaging of radionuclide-based molecular (PET) and structural data [x-ray computed tomography (CT)] has been firmly established. Here we show that optical measurements [fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT)] show exquisite congruence to radionuclide measurements and that information can be seamlessly integrated and visualized. Using biocompatible nanoparticles as a generic platform (containing a (18)F isotope and a far red fluorochrome), we show good correlations between FMT and PET in probe concentration (r(2) > 0.99) and spatial signal distribution (r(2) > 0.85). Using a mouse model of cancer and different imaging probes to measure tumoral proteases, macrophage content and integrin expression simultaneously, we demonstrate the distinct tumoral locations of probes in multiple channels in vivo. The findings also suggest that FMT can serve as a surrogate modality for the screening and development of radionuclide-based imaging agents.
Identification of a DEF-type Docking Domain for Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases 1/2 That Directs Phosphorylation and Turnover of the BH3-only Protein BimEL (2005)

The BH3-only protein, Bim, exists as three splice variants (Bim(S), Bim(L), and Bim(EL)) of differing pro-apoptotic potency. Bim(EL), the least effective killer, is degraded by the proteasome in response to phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation correlates with the presence of a domain unique to the Bim(EL) splice variant that includes the major ERK1/2 phosphorylation site Ser(65). However, efficient phosphorylation by ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or p38 requires the presence in the substrate of a discrete kinase-docking domain as well as the phosphoacceptor site. Here we show that the region unique to Bim(EL) (amino acids 41-97) harbors two potential DEF-type ERK1/2 kinase-docking domains, DEF1 and DEF2. Peptide competition assays revealed that the DEF2 peptide could act autonomously to bind active ERK1/2, whereas the DEF1 peptide did not. Truncation analysis identified a minimal region, residues 80-97, containing the DEF2 motif as sufficient for ERK1/2 binding. Mutation of key residues in the DEF2 motif abolished the interaction of ERK1/2 and Bim(EL) and also abolished ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of Bim(EL) in vivo, thereby stabilizing the protein and enhancing cytotoxicity. Our results identify a new physiologically relevant functional motif in Bim(EL) that may account for the distinct biological properties of this splice variant.
Chlorthalidone Reduces Calcium Oxalate Calculous Recurrence but Magnesium Hydroxide Does Not (1988)

We examined the effectiveness of chlorthalidone or magnesium hydroxide in the prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate kidney calculi. In a double-blind random allocation design daily dosages of 25 or 50 mg. chlorthalidone, 650 or 1,300 mg. magnesium hydroxide, or an identical placebo were administered. All groups showed significantly decreased calculous events compared to the pretreatment rates. During the trial 56.1 per cent fewer calculi than predicted developed in the placebo group (p less than 0.01), whereas the groups receiving low and high dosage magnesium hydroxide showed 73.9 and 62.3 per cent fewer calculi, respectively (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01, respectively). Chlorthalidone treatment resulted in a 90.1 per cent decrease from predicted rates and both dosages yielded similar results. When the treatments were compared chlorthalidone was significantly better than the placebo or magnesium hydroxide (p less than 0.01). The large decreases in calculous events seen when placebo or ineffective therapy was given underscore the positive treatment bias that occurs when historical controls are used and they demonstrate the need for proper experimental design.
Scalable atomic visibility with RAMP transactions (2014)

Databases can provide scalability by partitioning data across several servers. However, multi-partition, multi-operation transactional access is often expensive, employing coordination-intensive locking, validation, or scheduling mechanisms. Accordingly, many real-world systems avoid mechanisms that provide useful semantics for multi-partition operations. This leads to incorrect behavior for a large class of applications including secondary indexing, foreign key enforcement, and materialized view maintenance. In this work, we identify a new isolation model---Read Atomic (RA) isolation---that matches the requirements of these use cases by ensuring atomic visibility: either all or none of each transaction's updates are observed by other transactions. We present algorithms for Read Atomic Multi-Partition (RAMP) transactions that enforce atomic visibility while offering excellent scalability, guaranteed commit despite partial failures (via synchronization independence), and minimized communication between servers (via partition independence). These RAMP transactions correctly mediate atomic visibility of updates and provide readers with snapshot access to database state by using limited multi-versioning and by allowing clients to independently resolve non-atomic reads. We demonstrate that, in contrast with existing algorithms, RAMP transactions incur limited overhead---even under high contention---and scale linearly to 100 servers.
Perturbation of heart rate variability in cattle fed BSE‐infected material (2004)

The brainstem is the region of the brain of cattle with the highest concentration of the abnormal prion protein associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and specific nuclei in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, which exhibit changes as a result of the disease, are involved in the modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). The low‐ and high‐frequency components of the HRV of 48 control cattle, 43 cattle fed 1 g of brain homogenate from BSE field cases and 42 cattle fed 100 g of brain homogenate from BSE field cases were analysed repeatedly for a year. There was a significant difference (P&lt;0.001) between the level of high‐frequency HRV observed in the control cattle and in both groups of cattle exposed to BSE. There was also a significant difference (P&lt;0.01) between the low‐frequency HRV of the cattle given the high dose and the other two groups.
Changes in electrophysiological markers of cognitive control after administration of galantamine (2018)

The healthy brain is able to maintain a stable balance between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down cognitive control. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine plays a substantial role in this. Disruption of this balance could contribute to symptoms occurring in psychosis, including subtle disruption of motor control and aberrant appropriation of salience to external stimuli; however the pathological mechanisms are poorly understood. On account of the role beta oscillations play in mediating cognitive control, investigation of beta oscillations is potentially informative about such mechanisms. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate the effect of the acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor, galantamine, on beta oscillations within the sensorimotor region during both a sensorimotor task and a relevance-modulation task in healthy participants, employing a double blind randomized placebo controlled cross-over design. In the galantamine condition, we found a significant reduction in the post-movement beta rebound in the case of executed movements and also in a planned but not executed movement. In the latter case, the effect was significantly greater following task-relevant compared with irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that the action of galantamine reduces the influence of top-down cognitive processing relative to bottom-up perceptual processing in a manner resembling changes previously reported in schizophrenia.
Reagents and Instruments for Multiplexed Analysis Using Microparticles (2006)

Multiplexed molecular analysis by means of flow cytometry using optically encoded microspheres is a rapidly expanding application that has its roots in the earliest days of flow cytometry. The approach is driven by increasing demand for analytical methods to measure large numbers of biomolecules quantitatively and sensitively in small volumes of sample. Encoded microspheres and flow cytometry have been employed for a wide range of multiplexed molecular analysis, and detailed protocols for many of these have been developed. The goal of this unit is to provide an overview of the concepts, instruments, and reagents that enable these assays.
Tidal Volume Overdose in Pressure Control Modes: An Observational Study (2019)

Background:Studies confirm that excessive tidal volume (VT) increases the risk of ventilator induced lung injury. A previous model study by Chatburn et al (Comput Biol Med 2016;75:235-242) showed that VT measurement error may occur during pressure control ventilation (PCV) with preset inspiratory time (TI). Some ventilators calculate VT as integral of flow over TI or expiratory time (TE). For a passive patient during PCV, this calculation is accurate. However, an inspiratory effort increase then relaxation results in expiratory flow during TI. Integration of expiratory flow results in volume deducted from the calculated VT (see figure). Hence the displayed volume is lower than the peak value of the volume waveform, the true VT. The displayed VT will be inaccurately low, possibly leading to inadvertent tidal volume over-dosage. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of two main outcome variables: VT error and VT over-dosage (ie, VT >8 mL/kg) during routine mechanical ventilation with PCV modes in our ICUs. Methods:All patients in medical and neuro ICUs with active inspiratory efforts, in PCV modes, using Medtronics PB840 or GE Carescape R860 ventilators were included. Volume (V) waveforms were observed for at least 10 breaths per patient. Waveforms with downward V deflection (see figure) during TI were deemed to have VT error present. If error was present, error size was calculated by subtracting the digital display of VT from the peak value of the V waveform. Results:We recorded data for 50 patients. A VT error was present in 32% of patients. Average error was -1.2 mL/kg (range -0.6 to -2.6). However, 75% of the time the error was too small to calculate. VT over-dosage occurred in one patient whose displayed VT was 7.9 mL/kg but true VT was 10.4 mL/kg. This patient also had the longest TI (1.2 s). Conclusions:In this small pilot study, we observed that VT error is present in a substantial portion of patients during PCV, with the largest error being associated with the longest TI as expected from the previous study. Results of this study warrant the need to monitor V waveforms for patients receiving PCV with an active exhalation valve feature to ensure patients are receiving VT in the range of 6-8 mL/kg of ideal body weight
Computer-Aided Checklist for Human Engineering (1989)

Military Standard 1472C is the prevailing standard for human engineering in military systems, possessing literally thousands of design criteria. The breadth and detail of these criteria often prove to be impediments to their effective application. This paper describes a prototype software tool, the Computer-Aided Checklist for Human Engineering (CACHE), designed to automate the generation, administration, and analysis of human engineering compliance checklists.
Titanium(II)-based Z-reduction of alkynes: stereo- and regio-specific Z-dideuteriation of conjugated and methylene-skipped ynes (1996)

A TiII-mediated, stereo- and regio-specific reduction of isolated, conjugated and methylene skipped poly-ynes to the corresponding Z-dideuterio polyenes in a one-pot procedure with D2O as deuterium source is described, and this methodology (using H2O) is applied to the synthesis of (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradeca-3,8,11-trienyl acetate, the major sex attractant of Scrobipalpuloides absoluta, a destructive pest of tomatoes.
Enhanced osteolytic potential of monocytes/macrophages derived from bone marrow after particle stimulation (2007)

Harvested bone marrow cells expressed monocyte/macrophage phenotype, but not osteoclastic markers. The capacity of these cathepsin-K-positive phagocytic cells to resorb dentine discs and carbonated calcium phosphate in vitro suggests a direct role of monocytes/macrophages in bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. The finding supports our hypothesis and previous histomorphometric observations on the presence of such osteolytic macrophages in vivo around loosening prosthesis.
Outcomes of Minor and Subsyndromal Depression among Elderly Patients in Primary Care Settings (2006)

The intermediate outcomes of minor and subsyndromal depression demonstrate the clinical significance of these conditions and suggest that they are part of a spectrum of depressive illness. Greater medical burden, poor subjective health status, and poorer subjective social support confer a higher risk for poor outcome.
Aperiodic and modulated Pb thin films on fivefold icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe and Al(111): Tailoring the structure of Pb (2009)

We report on the growth of Pb thin films deposited either on the Al-rich fivefold surface of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal or on the (111) surface of fcc Al. On the quasicrystalline substrate, the diffusion length of Pb adatoms is short due to heterogeneous nucleation that enforces a quasiperiodic structure in the monolayer. On the Al(111) substrate, the mobility of Pb adatoms is high and the interaction with the substrate is flatter, leading to the formation of a $(\ensuremath{\surd}31\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\surd}31)R8.95\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ higher-order commensurate structure. This moir\'e structure propagates up to the highest coverages investigated.
SNP‐finding in pig mitochondrial ESTs (2008)

The Sino-Danish pig genome project produced 685 851 ESTs (Gorodkin et al. 2007), of which 41 499 originated from the mitochondrial genome. In this study, the mitochondrial ESTs were assembled, and 374 putative SNPs were found. Chromatograms for the ESTs containing SNPs were manually inspected, and 112 total (52 non-synonymous) SNPs were found to be of high confidence (five of them are close to disease-causing SNPs in humans). Nine of the high-confidence SNPs were tested experimentally, and eight were confirmed. The SNPs can be accessed online at http://pigest.ku.dk/more/mito.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATION BY THE CYANO‐GROUP‐ III (1)β‐ALKYLATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES (1977)

Abstract Aus ungesättigten Ketonen (I) sind die Nitrile (II) zugänglich, die sich über die Anionen, ggfs.
Optical full Hadamard matrix multiplexing and noise effects: errata (2011)

The model for Poisson random noise under Hadamard multiplexing is revised. The new model accounts for the variation of the Hadamard multiplexed measurements, as well as the previously considered variation due to Poisson fluctuations. A numerical simulation matches the model prediction within uncertainty.
Evidence for mixed‐phase crystalline β‐C3N4 and c‐BN films (1996)

Abstract In this paper strong experimental evidence is presented suggesting that we have synthesized the β‐C 3 N 4 phase. This is a material predicted by theory to have comparable property to diamond. The films containing mixed‐phase crystalline β‐C 3 N 4 and c‐BN were deposited on steel substrate Ck 35 by a hot filament assisted r. f. plasma CVD method using organo‐metallic precursor. The crystal structure of these mixed‐phases was identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as well as transmission electron diffraction analysis (TED).
, The role of defects in the design of a space elevator cable: From nanotube to megatube - Latest research results (2008)

In the present work, a simple and rapid method, namely magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (MD-μ-SPE), was developed using magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@Ti-MOF (metal-organic framework)-nanocomposites (NCs) as a viable and efficient sorbent to pre-concentrate and assess caffeic acid (CA) in the medical extracts of plants and water samples. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@Ti-MOF-NCs were characterized by various techniques, including FESEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, XRD and VSM. Following the extraction process, HPLC was employed to quantify CA. The effects of different parameters on the MD-μ-SPE method were fully investigated by the Plackett-Burman (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). The highest extraction percentage (99.76%) was obtained under different conditions: pH 4.8, 9 mg of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@Ti-MOF-NCs, sonication for 5 min, and an eluent solvent of 240 μL. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were obtained in the range of 0.016-0.021 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> and 0.052-0.068 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability (RSDs, n = 5) were in the range of 3.65-8.66% and 1.84-5.54%, respectively. Overall, the proposed method was successfully used to determine CA in the medical extracts of plants and water samples with favorable recoveries.
Roles of ArabidopsisWRKY3 and WRKY4 Transcription Factors in Plant Responses to Pathogens (2008)

The nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA-binding activity support that WRKY3 and WRKY4 function as transcription factors. Functional analysis based on T-DNA insertion mutants and transgenic overexpression lines indicates that WRKY3 and WRKY4 have a positive role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and WRKY4 has a negative effect on plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens.
Studies on a Gynoecious-specific ACC Synthase Gene in Different Sexual Phenotypes of Cucumber Genome (2000)

Using a pair of primers (Primer I and Primer II), the authors have amplified a fragment of ACC synthase gene about 1 025 bp from four varieties of gynoecious species of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) viz.: CORONA, DALEVE, Zhongnong No.5, and Ouzhou No.8. Sequence analysis revealed that this fragment of ACC synthase gene was more than 99% homologous with the gene reported by Trebitsh et al (1997). The authors regard them as the same gene, but it exhibited less homology with this ACC synthase gene when expressed by other induction. Southern blot analysis showed that this fragment of ACC synthase gene is associated with the sexual phenotype of cucumber, and it is the specific gene of gynoecium.
Preparation of semisynthetic insulin analogs from bis(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-desoctapeptide-insulin phenylhydrazide: importance of the aromatic region B24-B26 (1983)

Semisynthetic analogues of insulin were prepared from derivatives of desoctapeptide-(B23-30)-insulin (DOI). A1, B1-(Boc)2-DOI (di-Boc-DOI) was converted to A1, B1-(Boc)2-DOI-B22-phenylhydrazide (di-Boc-DOI-NHNH-C6H5) by the trypsin-catalyzed addition of phenylhydrazine in aqueous organic solvents at pH 6.5 [Canova-Davis, E., & Carpenter, F. H. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 7053-7058]. Treatment of di-Boc-DOI-NHNH-C6H5 with BNPS-skatole produced the phenyldiimide. The latter was coupled with a variety of protected peptides that, after removal of protecting groups, yielded the following compounds whose biological activities were compared to that of insulin in binding, in stimulation of hexose transport (), and in the stimulation of lipogenesis [)), in terms of percent of insulin activity, all in the isolated epididymal fat cell: di-Boc-DOI 0.2, (0.1), [0.2]; di-Boc-DOI-NHNH-C6H5 0.5, (0.2), [0.5]; DOI 0.2, (0.2), [0.1]; DOI-(Gly)B23 0.2, (0.2), [0.1]; DOI-(Gly-Phe)B23-24 6.3, (6.3), [8.0]; DOI-(Gly-Phe-Phe)B23-25 17.0, (25.6), [24.7]; DOI-(Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr)B23-26 59.0, (50.0), [69.0]. The semisynthetic derivatives represent a stepwise readdition of the aromatic residues near the C terminus of the B chain. A given analogue demonstrated comparable activity in all three biological assays. The results indicate that the stepwise addition of aromatic residues to the B-chain C terminus of DOI produces an increase in insulin-like activity. The biological activity of DOI-(Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr)B23-26, the derivative in which the aromatic region has been completely reassembled, is the same order of magnitude as that of insulin.