gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extrarenal erythropoietin production by macrophages (1982)

Murine bone marrow and adherence-separated spleen cells cultured on hydrophobic, gas-permeable Teflon foils (petriperm dishes) can be shown to synthesize and secrete erythropoietin (Epo) and colony-stimulating activity (CSA) simultaneously into the surrounding medium. The Epo activity in the supernatants of primary cultures as measured by the fetal liver erythroid colony-forming technique, from adherent and nonadherent spleen cells, increases over the first 7 days in culture, followed by a plateau until 14 days. Use of the macrophage-specific cytotoxic agent, crystalline silica, as a tool to release residual Epo contained in these cells produces a similar time-Epo activity curve to that found in the primary supernatants. This, together with functional and morphological examination of the cells, indicates that macrophages are responsible for this activity. The total Epo activity released from adherent and nonadherent spleen cells at plateau levels was estimated to be 25 mU/ml culture/day. Weekly subcultivation of bone marrow and adherence-separated spleen cells initiated from primary cultures demonstrated a massive increase in both Epo activity and CSA above that obtained for the primary cultures. Subcultivation could be continued for at least 6 wk. These results, together with the reversible inhibition of Epo and CSA production by cycloheximide, demonstrate that these molecules are synthesized by the macrophage. The evidence supports the hypothesis that the macrophage is involved not only in extrarenal Epo production, but also in the possible short-range regulation of hemopoiesis.
Function of the spine (1986)

In spite of the considerable effort which has been invested in attempts to understand the mechanism of human spines, substantial controversy remains, particularly in connection with assumptions which have to be made by those engaged in biological modelling. The hypothesis presented here is that the living joint has stress sensors driving a feedback mechanism, an arrangement which could react to imposed loads by modifying muscular action in such a way as to minimize stress at the joints and therefore the risk of injury. A theory of this kind gives an image of the spine not in terms of a spatial picture, as would a CAT scan, but in terms of stresses, forces and moments acting at the intervertebral joints. Calculations show that the erectores spinae alone cannot support more than about 50 kg; there must be some other mechanism to explain man's ability substantially to exceed that load. It is suggested that the interaction between the erectores spinae and the abdominals are of fundamental importance in the function of the spine; how they are co-ordinated during the lifting of weights is examined in detail. The theory resulting from this hypothesis is used to relate spinal injury and an injured subject's posture and behaviour. A mathematical formulation permits an objective evaluation of the spine, and a procedure for determining an automatic diagnosis of lumbar spine disabilities is proposed.
Vacuum Interface Analysis of a Windowless Spallation Target for Accelerator-Driven Systems (2007)

In recent years the research on nuclear power generation focused on an innovative subcritical reactor concept, along with previous liquid-metal-cooled critical reactors. The accelerator-driven system reactor design matches higher and intrinsic safety requirements with the reduction of actinides and long-lived fission products, encumbrances on the nuclear waste final repository. The coupling of the accelerator technology with the reactor facility faces new challenges; the first is the design of the interface between accelerator and reactor. Currently two solutions are proposed and investigated: one with a solid beam-target window interface and the other one without a beam window. Our speculations focus on the windowless approach: No physical barrier is located in the interface region, so the ultrahigh vacuum environment of the accelerator is connected with the operative conditions of the reactor through an intermediate spallation target. In this work we describe our experimental activities and the numerical tool employed to give a basic characterization of the vacuum dynamics for a windowless interface, with particular regard given to proton beamline and target interface of the Ansaldo A80-XADS reference design.
Molecular topology of the photosynthetic light-harvesting pigment complex, peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein, from marine dinoflagellates (1976)

The photosynthetic light-harvesting complex, peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein, was isolated from several marine dinoflagellates including Glenodinium sp. by Sephadex and ion-exchange chromatography. The carotenoid (peridinin)-chlorophyll a ratio in the complex is estimated to be 4:1. The fluorescence excitation spectrum of the complex indicates that energy absorbed by the carotenoid is transferred to the chlorophyll a molecule with 100% efficiency. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate that the energy transfer is much faster than fluorescence emission from chlorophyll a. The four peridinin molecules within the complex appear to form two allowed exciton bands which split the main absorption band of the carotenoid into two circular dichronic bands (with negative ellipticity band at 538 nm and positive band at 463 nm in the case of peridinin-chlorophyl a-protein complex from Glenodinium sp.). The fluorescence polarization of chlorophyll a in the complex at 200 K is about 0.1 in both circular dichroic excitation bands of the carotenoid chromophore. From these circular dichroic and fluorescence polarization data, a possible molecular arrangement of the four peridinin and chlorophyll molecules has been deduced for the complex. The structure of the complex deduced is also consistent with the magnitude of the exciton spliting (ca. greater than 3000 cm-1) at the intermolecular distance in the dimer pair of peridinin (ca. 12 A). This structural feature accounts for the efficient light-harvesting process of dinoflagellates as the exciton interaction lengthens the lifetime of peridinin (radiative) and the complex topology increases the energy transfer probability. The complex is, therefore, a useful molecular model for elucidating the mechanism and efficiency of solar energy conversion in vivo as well as in vitro.
Hydrocarbons from the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrocarbons from the catalytic pyrolysis of biomassDesmond S. A. G. Radlein, Sarah L. Mason, Jan Piskorz, and Donald S. ScottCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 5, 760–763Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00029a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00029a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Femto-to-Macro Control Channel Interference Mitigation via Cell ID Manipulation in LTE (2011)

With considerable interest being garnered in recent years, femto-cells are seen as a major contender to significantly increase capacity and fill coverage holes in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks. User- deployed femto-cells, each exclusively serving a set of registered users and sharing the same frequency spectrum as the overlay macro-cells are already defined in 3GPP specifications. Such a co- channel and random deployment of femto-cells can cause heavy downlink (DL) interference to a user equipment (UE) in the vicinity of one or more femto-cells and not belonging to their closed subscriber groups (CSGs). In this paperwe focus on protection of the most important LTE DL control channel, known as the physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH). Failure to decode this channel correctly results in the loss of the subsequent subframe. A technique which mitigates femto-to-macro PCFICH interference by carefully manipulating the physical cell identity (PCI) of the aggressor femto-cell is presented. It is shown that employing this technique results in a significant improvement of PCFICH effective signal- to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) without the need for any additional network signaling.
Metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition of AlScN/GaN heterostructures (2020)

AlScN/GaN heterostructures are worth investigating due to the remarkable high gradients in spontaneous polarization at their interfaces, which brings them into play for a wide field of potential high-power and high-frequency electronic applications. In this work, AlScN/GaN heterostructures for high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. We have investigated the impact of growth parameters on thick AlScN layers and on thin AlScN/GaN heterostructures. Growth parameters, such as temperature, V/III ratio, pressure, and growth mode, were varied with the focus on surface morphology, crystal quality, and incorporation of impurities. High growth temperatures improve the surface quality and reduce impurities incorporation notably. In addition to that, a slight decrease in carbon concentration is obtained by adopting a pulsed supply of metalorganic precursors. V/III ratio and pressure did not influence the layer quality observably. Heterostructures with root mean square surface roughness values as low as 0.38 nm, revealing smooth growth steps, were achieved. The presence of two-dimensional electron gases with sheet carrier densities and mobilities of up to 2 × 1013 cm−2 and close to 900 cm2/(V s), respectively, resulted in channel sheet resistances as low as 337 Ω/sq, very suitable for AlScN/GaN HEMTs. Heterostructures with sheet resistances below 200 Ω/sq and sheet carrier densities of 5 × 1013 cm−2 were also achieved but showed significantly lower mobility.
Mapping the Whole Internet with Passive Measurements (2012)

Abstract : This final technical report describes an effort to develop a comprehensive and accurate map of the Internet using passive measurements, diverse data sets and statistical learning methods. The effort passively collected a comprehensive set of Internet traffic and topology information. It captured a wide range of sources, including the Akamai data, Honeypot traffic, Boarder Gateway Protocol (BGP) traffic, background radiation, and distributed packet capture at Web servers and other network choke points. The data was complemented with selective active (traceroute-like) measurements as needed to enhance and/or validate the inferred topology. The effort also fused these data sources into a coherent picture of Internet topology and geography in a real-time fashion.
Bowl-Shaped Naphthalimide-Annulated Corannulene as Nonfullerene Acceptor in Organic Solar Cells (2020)

An electron-poor bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene with branched alkyl residues in the imide position was synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling annulation sequence. This dipolar compound exhibits strong absorption in the visible range along with a low-lying LUMO level at –3.85 eV, enabling n-type charge transport in organic thin-film transistors. Furthermore, we processed inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells in combination with the two donor polymers PCE–10 and PM6 to achieve open-circuit voltages up to 1.04 V. By using a blend of the self-assembled naphthalimide-annulated corannulene and PCE–10, we were able to obtain a power conversion efficiency of up to 2.1%, which is to the best of our knowledge the highest reported value for a corannulene-based organic solar cell to date.
An advanced musculoskeletal humanoid Kojiro (2007)

We have been promoting a project of musculoskeletal humanoids. The project aims at the long-term goal of human-symbiotic robots as well as the mid-term goal of necessary design and control concepts for musculoskeletal robots. This paper presents the concepts and aim of the project and also shows the outline of our latest results about development of new musculoskeletal humanoid Kojiro, which is the succeeding version of our previous Kotaro.
Catechin Derivatives from Parapiptadenia rigida with in Vitro Wound-Healing Properties (2010)

Analysis of the ethanolic extract of the bark from Parapiptadenia rigida resulted in the isolation of the new catechin derivatives 4',3''-di-O-methylapocynin-D (10), 4',3''-di-O-methylapocynin-B (11), epigallocatechin-3-O-ferulate (8), and 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-ferulate (9) and the catechins 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (6) and 4'-O-methylepicatechin-3-O-gallate (7). These compounds, isolated for the first time from a natural source, are accompanied by the five known catechins 4'-O-methylgallocatechin (1), 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin (2), 3'-O-methylepicatechin (3), epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (4), and epicatechin-3-O-gallate (5). Compounds 5 and 7 displayed promising wound-healing effects in a scratch assay. Some of the catechin derivatives showed inhibitory effects on NF-κB DNA binding and p38α MAPK activity.
Simulation of wire movement in a superconducting coil (1997)

Wire movement in a superconducting coil has been simulated dynamically by means of solving the equation of motion of each winding with time to study the instability of a superconducting magnets. The force applied to each wire considered here were Lorentz, hoop, wire-wire and wire-bobbin interaction. As the transport current was increased, Lorentz force which is calculated as the product of transport current and magnetic field applied to the wire was increased and resulted in the floating of winding from the coil bobbin. The minimum quench energy (MQE) of each winding was also calculated and was compared with the frictional heating. The quench current was defined as the current where the frictional heating exceeds the MQE. The degradation induced by frictional heating can be reproduced. The effect of the misalignment of the wire was also examined. It was found that the misalignment of the coil degraded the quench current.
On the allocation of city space to multiple transport modes (2010)

Abstract This paper analyzes urban multimodal transportation systems in an aggregated way. To describe the aggregate behavior of traffic in cities, use is made of an idea that is now receiving some attention: the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). We demonstrate through simulation how the MFD can be used to monitor and control a real network, in this case a portion of San Francisco, using readily available input data. We then show how different modes interact on the same network and discuss how these interactions might be incorporated into an MFD for multimodal networks. The work unveils two main results: first, it confirms recent results showing that restricting access to a city's congested areas can improve mobility for all travelers, including those who endure the restrictions; and second, that dedicating street space to collective transport modes can improve accessibility for all modes, even those from which space is taken away.
Accuracy of Risk Estimates from the iPrevent Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Management Tool (2019)

For 10-year BC risk, iPrevent had good discriminatory accuracy overall and was well calibrated for women aged younger than 50 years. Calibration may be improved in the future by incorporating IBIS version 8.0b.
Phototherapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2011)

NILI was objectively and subjectively beneficial in managing CRS, safe, reproducible, sustained and appeared not to interfere with ciliary motility. CRS exacerbation was avoided without using antibiotics or steroids.
CaF2in Enamel Biopsies 6 Weeks and 18 Months after Fluoride Treatment (1991)

Fluoride concentrations were studied in enamel biopsies from maxillary central incisors 6 weeks and 18 months after fluoride treatment. In the short-term study biopsies were obtained prior to and after treatment with acidic sodium or ammonium fluoride. The findings showed that large amounts of fluoride were deposited in enamel from NH4F treatment (mean concentration 84,723 ppm), indicating substantial CaF2 formation. NaF treatment resulted in mean fluoride concentrations of 7,818 ppm. In the 18-month study, biopsies from 58 placebo-treated teeth were analyzed for total fluoride (mean 1,733 ppm). Twenty-five additional biopsies from placebo-treated and 58 from NH4F-treated teeth were analyzed for KOH-soluble (CaF2) and KOH-nonsoluble (apatitic) fluoride. The mean values for total fluoride were 1,669 and 2,085 ppm in the placebo-treated and in the NH4F-treated groups, respectively. The corresponding mean values for KOH-nonsoluble fluoride were 1,467 and 1,731 ppm and for KOH-soluble fluoride 202 and 354 ppm, respectively. The increase in enamel fluoride after fluoride treatment was only marginally significant. Biopsies from the ammonium fluoride treated group were significantly more likely to have high (30 vs. 8%) and moderate (28 vs. 16%) CaF2 levels and less likely to have low levels than biopsies of placebo-treated teeth (chi-square = 8.0 with 2 d.f; p = 0.018). It is concluded that very substantial amounts of CaF2 are present in enamel 6 weeks after treatment, and small amounts may persist in the surface enamel for as long as 18 months.
On-Die Parametric Analysis of SRAM (2004)

Abstract Parametric analysis of microprocessor SRAM through special design for test features (DFT) is used extensively by fault isolation and failure analysis engineers to find and characterize defects. While regular raster and special cache patterns (i.e. weak-write test mode) detect many stuck-at faults, a parametric analysis is needed to identify which defect mechanism is the cause of a cache failure. Pico-probing is the most common method of parametric analysis on SRAM cells, but is becoming increasingly difficult on smaller geometries. These curves can also be taken non-destructively by muxing any bitline (BL) and bitline_bar (BL#) of an internal cache to an I/O pin and sweeping these pins with an external PMU (a test mode known as low yield analysis, or LYA). Unfortunately, a growing amount of leakage on each new process is distorting these LYA testmode I-V curves, making it increasingly difficult to find and differentiate defects. The goal of this paper is to discuss the simulation and silicon results of a concept On-Die LYA (ODLYA) circuit implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process technology. ODLYA is used to curve-trace individual transistors within an SRAM cell and read out results in an automated fashion. Taking measurements on-die eliminates interconnect-dominated IR drop and leakage distortion from several levels of multiplexing. The proposed implementation enables non-destructive high-speed parametric analysis with less dependency on growing cache sizes, number of cores, and scaling process technologies.
Glutathione-Sensitive Stabilization of Block Copolymer Micelles Composed of Antisense DNA and Thiolated Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lysine):  A Potential Carrier for Systemic Delivery of Antisense DNA (2001)

Glutathione (GSH)-sensitive stabilization of polyion complex (PIC) micelles entrapping antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) was achieved by the reversible cross-linking of the core through disulfide bonds, aiming at the development of a novel DNA carrier system for antisense therapy following systemic administration. Thiolated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine) (PEG-thioPLL) and ODN spontaneously associated to form the PIC micelles with the core cross-linked through disulfide bonds. The diameters of the cross-linked micelles were similar to those of the non-cross-linked micelles and were determined to be about 40 nm by light scattering measurements. The micelles have sufficient colloidal stability due to the PEG shell surrounding the core of the polyion complex composed of PLL and ODN. The polyanion exchange studies suggested that the dissociation of the micelles was suppressed through the core cross-linking. The stability of the ODN in the core cross-linked micelles against nuclease was appreciably increased compared to that of free ODN and that in the micelles without cross-linking. On the other hand, the micelles dissociated to release ODN in the presence of GSH at a concentration comparable to the intracellular environment, featuring the potential ability of this system for intracellular ODN delivery.
Ordering a Dynamic Protein Via a Small-Molecule Stabilizer (2013)

Like many coactivators, the GACKIX domain of the master coactivator CBP/p300 recognizes transcriptional activators of diverse sequence composition via dynamic binding surfaces. The conformational dynamics of GACKIX that underlie its function also render it especially challenging for structural characterization. We have found that the ligand discovery strategy of Tethering is an effective method for identifying small-molecule fragments that stabilize the GACKIX domain, enabling for the first time the crystallographic characterization of this important motif. The 2.0 Å resolution structure of GACKIX complexed to a small molecule was further analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed the importance of specific side-chain motions that remodel the activator binding site in order to accommodate binding partners of distinct sequence and size. More broadly, these results suggest that Tethering can be a powerful strategy for identifying small-molecule stabilizers of conformationally malleable proteins, thus facilitating their structural characterization and accelerating the discovery of small-molecule modulators.
Essigsäuresolvate des Kupfer(II)‐chlorids (1967)

Abstract Durch Zugabe von Acetylchlorid zu Kupferacetatlösungen in wasserfreier Essigsäure können, in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration, zwei verschiedene Kupferchlorid‐Solvate erhalten werden: CuCl 2 · 3/2 CH 3 COOH und CuCl 2 · ½ CH 3 COOH. Gasförmiger Chlorwasserstoff reagiert mit Kupferacetatlösung in gleicher Weise, indem zuerst Kupfer(II)‐chlorid‐Sesquisolvat ausgefällt wird, welches sich nach einer Stunde zum Hemisolvat umwandelt. Mit Bromwasserstoff wird nur solvatfreies Kupfer(II)‐bromid erhalten, aber Acetyl‐bromid in ziemlich hoher Konzentration bildet ein valenzgemischtes Kupfer(I, II)‐bromid‐Hemisolvat.
Filopodial Calcium Transients Promote Substrate-Dependent Growth Cone Turning (2001)

Filopodia that extend from neuronal growth cones sample the environment for extracellular guidance cues, but the signals they transmit to growth cones are unknown. Filopodia were observed generating localized transient elevations of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) that propagate back to the growth cone and stimulate global Ca2+ elevations. The frequency of filopodial Ca2+ transients was substrate-dependent and may be due in part to influx of Ca2+ through channels activated by integrin receptors. These transients slowed neurite outgrowth by reducing filopodial motility and promoted turning when stimulated differentially within filopodia on one side of the growth cone. These rapid signals appear to serve both as autonomous regulators of filopodial movement and as frequency-coded signals integrated within the growth cone and could be a common signaling process for many motile cells.