gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meeting Report:The 7th ESPE Growth Plate Working Group Symposium - EUROGROP June 27th 2007, Helsinki, Finland. (2007)

11beta-HSD: 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase; Agc: Aggrecan; Aln: Alendronate; Asb- 4: Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box-Containing Protein 4; Atf6: Activating Transcription Factor6; BSP: Bisphosphonates; Calca: Calcitonin, Alpha Cdkn2a: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A; Col1: Collagen 1; Col2: Collagen 2 Col10: Collagen 10; Dex: Dexamethasone; Elk1: Member of ETS Oncogene Family; Esr1: Estrogen Receptor 1 (Alpha); Fli1: Friend Leukemia Integration 1; Gabp: GA Repeat Binding Protein; GC: Glucocorticoids; Ghr: Growth Hormone Receptor; Hif-1alpha: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha; hMSCs: Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Igf1: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1; Igfbp1: Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; Igf1r: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1-Receptor; Igf2: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2; Igf2r: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2-Receptor; Nfe2l2: Nuclear Factor, Erythroid Derived 2, Like 2; Nrf1: Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; Pam: Pamidronate; Prss11: HtrA Serine Peptidase 1; PTU: Propylthiouracil; Pycard: PYD and CARD Domain Containing; Rxrg: Retinoid X Receptor Gamma; Tam: Tamoxifen.
Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: the first case study in Finland, January to February 2020 (2020)

The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020. No secondary cases were detected. We describe the clinical picture and laboratory findings 3–23 days since the first symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2/Finland/1/2020 virus strain was isolated, the genome showing a single nucleotide substitution to the reference strain from Wuhan. Neutralising antibody response appeared within 9 days along with specific IgM and IgG response, targeting particularly nucleocapsid and spike proteins.
Vertical wind speed extrapolation using regularized extreme learning machine (2022)

The cost of measuring wind speed (WS) increases significantly with mast heights. Therefore, it is required to have a method to estimate WS at hub height without the need to use measuring masts. This paper examines using the Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (RELM) to extrapolate WS at higher altitudes based on measurements at lower heights. The RELM uses measured WS at heights 10-40 m to estimate WS at 50 m. The estimation results of 50 m are further used along with the measured WS at 10-40 to estimate WS at 60 m. This procedure continues until the estimation of 180 m. The RELM's performance is compared with the regression tree (RegTree) method and the standard 1/7 Power Law. The proposed algorithm provides an economical method to find wind speed at hub height and, consequently, the potential wind energy that can be generated from turbines installed at hub height based on measurements taken at much lower heights. Moreover, these methods' extrapolated values are compared with the actual measured values using the LiDAR system. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between extrapolated and measured WS at the height of 180 m using measurements at the height of 10-40 m using RELM, RegTree, 1/7 Power Law, and Power Law with adaptive coefficients is 13.36%, 16.76%, 33.50%, and 15.73%, respectively.
High-Grade and Low-Grade Pelvic Serous Neoplasms Demonstrate Differential p53 Immunoreactivity in Peritoneal Washings (2010)

The proportion of p53 immunoreactive cells was higher in cases of HGSCs, reflecting the importance of p53 mutations in high-grade serous tumorigenesis. The presence of p53 staining is not diagnostic for neoplastic cells; however, peritoneal washings are potential specimens in the investigation of serous neoplasia.
BER-Optimized Power Allocation for Fading Relay Channels (2008)

Optimum power allocation is a key technique to realize the full potentials of relay-assisted transmission promised by the recent information-theoretic results. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework for power allocation problem in a single-relay scenario taking into account the effect of relay location. In particular, we aim to answer the two fundamental questions: (Q1) How should the overall transmit power be shared between broadcasting and relaying phases?; (Q2) In the relaying phase, how much power should be allocated to relay-to- destination and source-to-destination links? The power allocation problem is formulated to minimize a union bound on the bit error rate (BER) performance assuming amplify-and-forward relaying. We consider both orthogonal and non-orthogonal cooperation protocols. Optimized protocols demonstrate significant performance gains over their original versions which assume equal sharing of overall transmit power between the source and relay terminals as well as between broadcasting and relaying phases. It is observed that optimized virtual (distributed) antenna configurations are able to demonstrate a BER performance as close as 0.4 dB within their counterpart co-located antenna configurations.
The Use of Reversed Phase Cartridges (C18) in Processing Plasma for Analysis of Indomethacin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1986)

The purpose of these studies was to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for plasma levels of indomethacin. A reversed phase (C18 Sep-Pak) cartridge was used to process plasma for absorption of indomethacin, the internal standard, and impurities. The recovery of plasma indomethacin and the added internal standard was quantitative from 0.5 ml of plasma. The assay was linear from 50 micrograms/l to 10 mg/l without concentration of the effluent from the Sep-Pak cartridge. The intra-assay coefficients of variation, for ten injections each to calibrate points at 0.15, 0.30, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/l, were 8.15%, 6.29%, 5.47% and 5.39%, respectively and for duplicates of duplicate calibration points were 7.51%, 6.32%, 4.41%, and 2.05%, respectively. The inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.49%, 6.48%, 5.10%, and 2.22%, respectively. The sensitivity of the assay can be increased by a 3-5 fold concentration of the effluent from the Sep-Pak and preliminary experiments have indicated that as little as 100 microliter of starting plasma can be utilized in the assay. The assay can be used to determine the concentration of indomethacin in small volumes of plasma. Since C18 Sep-Pak cartridges were employed to remove contaminating substances, sensitivity and reproducibility were both high while column longevity and efficiency were excellent.
The influence of process parameters on the laser-induced coloring of titanium (2013)

This paper presents the results of the measurements and analysis of the influence of laser process parameters on the color obtained. The study was conducted for titanium (Grade 2) using a commercially available industrial pulsed fiber laser. It was determined how a variety of different laser process parameters, such as laser power, the scanning speed of the material, the temperature of the material, the size of the marked area, and the position of the sample, relative to both the focal plane and the center of the working field of the system, affect the repeatability of the colors created. For an objective assessment of color changes, an optical spectrometer and the CIE color difference parameter $\Delta E_{ab}^{*}$ were used. Our paper explains why the tolerance of process parameters highly depends on the specific color. Additionally, a comparison of the results for titanium with those obtained for stainless steel in a previous study is presented. Based on this analysis, a number of necessary modifications are proposed to laser systems commonly used for monochrome marking in order to improve repeatability in color marking.
Forearm muscle activation, ulnar nerve at the elbow and forearm fatigue in overhand sports (2018)

This study examined the morphologic changes of the ulnar nerve in different elbow positions by ultrasonography and the effects of fatigue on forearm muscle control during overhand movements. We enrolled 12 tennis players who performed flat serves and 15 baseball pitchers who performed fastball pitching. The motion capture was conducted with 14 reflective markers attached on anatomic landmarks of the participant for tennis serve and baseball pitching data collection. The distance from the nerve to the medial condyle between the tennis players and baseball pitchers showed significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.006) as the elbow flexed to 90°. The differences are due to the baseball player's repetitive pitching motion while such motion does not apply to tennis player. Activity of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) during the cocking phase in the tennis serves showed significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.022) between the nonfatigued and fatigued states; the maximal value was observed in the fatigued state. The significant increase in the ECR activity in the fatigued state might be responsible for grasp-and-release activities and maintaining the wrist joint stability when performing overhand movements. Forearm fatigue influenced their overhand motion ability in accurate ball control, although it did not decrease the ball speed.
On techniques for handling soft errors in digital circuits (2010)

Dealing with soft errors due to particle strikes is the next major challenge in implementing digital systems. This study thoroughly investigates the effect of device size on circuit soft error rate and identifies methods to reduce soft error rate in combinational circuits. In particular, we propose three novel methods that upsize only selected gates and /or transistor networks. In order to obtain the most appropriate technique for soft error rate reduction in small technology node circuits, we conduct experiments and compare the results for several upsizing techniques including all gates, selected gates and transistor networks based on their fault sensitivities, and parallel networks with soft error rate saturation consideration. Consequently, it is discovered that some upsizing scenarios perform large improvement whereas others do not or even increase the soft error rate. The use of fault sensitivity analysis approach with parallel transistor network upsizing based on the contribution of each sensitive gate can reasonably reduce overall circuit sensitivity. Experimental results show an average reduction in soft error rate about 20% with a very small area overhead of 2% for benchmark circuits using our technique.
96-73: QT-duration Behavior during Haloperidol Use in the Frail Admitted Elderly with Delirium (2016)

Introduction: Retrospective studies showed that Haloperidol results in higher incidence of sudden cardiac death and causes QTc prolongation and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia at high dosage. We performed a prospective observational study in a general teaching hospital evaluating the effects of low-dose haloperidol on QTc-duration in frail admitted elderly patients with delirium. Methods: Inclusion criteria were: age ≥75y, ECG was made during admission and haloperidol was initiated within 1w. After at least two doses of haloperidol, a second ECG was made. Patients were grouped according to baseline QTc; normal QTc (nQT, male <430ms, female <450ms), borderline QTc (bQT, male 431-450ms, female 451-470ms) and abnormal QTc (aQT, male >450ms, female >470ms). Potentially dangerous QTc was defined as an increase in QTc by >50 ms or to a QTc of >500 ms. Results: We included 140 patients (46% male, mean age 85y, nQT n = 93, bQT n = 27, aQT n = 20) who used on average 1.5 mg Haloperidol per 24h (comparable among groups). No patients developed potentially dangerous QTc. On average, patients with normal QTc at baseline experienced no change in QTc (nQT: +4 ± 21 ms) while patients with prolonged QTc showed a decrease (bQT: -16 ± 28 ms, aQT: -20 ± 27 ms, both p < 0.001 compared to nQT). 17 patients in nQT (18%) developed borderline or abnormal QTc while 24 patients in bQT or aQT (51%) developed a normal QTc after haloperidol use.
Tapered Multicore Fiber for High-Power Laser Amplifiers (2021)

The problem of coherent amplification of the out-of-phase mode in tapered multicore fibers with cores arranged in a ring and in a square lattice is studied theoretically. The stability of out-of-phase field distributions with respect to both inhomogeneities of the refractive index and the initial wave field distribution is demonstrated in numerical modeling. Coherent combining of radiation into a single beam with good quality and efficiency of about 80% for ring cores arrangement and more than 90% for square cores arrangement is possible. Achievement of 55 MW of total power at the output of a fiber with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11 \times 11$</tex-math></inline-formula> cores is numerically demonstrated.
Influence of Brain–Scalp Distance on Focality of the Quadruple Butterfly Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2020)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuromodulation technique that noninvasively depolarizes neurons in the brain. During TMS, a pulse (or multiple pulses) of a time-varying magnetic field (H) is delivered to the brain using specialized coils. The quadruple butterfly coil (QBC) is a novel coil design that shows increased focality of the induced electric field over that of the standard figure-of-eight (FoE) coil. Using 50 different head models created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of healthy individuals, our research investigated the role that brain-scalp distance (BSD) plays in the brain's response to the magnetic fields generated by the QBC and FoE. The variability of BSD is an inherent characteristic of the human population. As the BSD increases, so does the distance between the brain and TMS coil. Therefore, the anatomical variation of BSD is an independent variable that may play a significant role in the intensity of the induced electric field produced in the brain. Our results show no significant difference in the QBC's focality to that of the FoE with respect to BSD.
The immunotherapy of Alzheimer's disease (2004)

Only a small percentage of patients with Alzheimer's disease benefit from current drug therapy and for only a relatively short time. This is not surprising as the goal of these drugs is to enhance existing cerebral function in Alzheimer patients and not to block the progression of cognitive decline. In contrast, immunotherapy is directed at clearing the neurotoxic amyloid beta peptide from the brain that directly or indirectly leads to cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The single trial of active immunization with the amyloid beta peptide provided suggestive evidence of a reduction in cerebral amyloid plaques and of stabilization in cognitive function of half the patients who developed good antibody responses to the amyloid beta peptide. However, 6% of actively immunized Alzheimer patients developed sterile meningoencephalitis that forced the cessation of the clinical trial. Passive immunotherapy in animal models of Alzheimer's disease has provided similar benefits comparable to those seen with active immunotherapy and has the potential of being effective in the half of Alzheimer's disease patients who do not make a significant anti-amyloid beta peptide antibody response and without inducing T-cell-mediated encephalitis. Published studies of 5 patients with sporadic Alzheimer disease treated with intravenous immunoglobulin containing anti-amyloid beta peptide antibodies showed that amyloid beta peptide was mobilized from the brain and cognitive decline was interrupted. Further studies of passive immunotherapy are urgently required to confirm these observations.
Preclinical study of simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions between Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang and spironolactone (2020)

Herb-drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between YCHT and spironolactone were observed in the study. The herb-drug interaction that appeared with a single dose of spironolactone should be considered when patients are being treated with a continuous administration of this drug.
Abstract IA4: Defining the mechanisms of tumorigenesis by mutant EGFR using mouse models (2012)

Abstract Mutations in exons encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found in 10–15% of lung adenocarcinomas. The two most common mutations: a point mutation in exon 21 that leads to substitution of an arginine for a leucine at position 858 and small in-frame deletions in exon 19 are associated with sensitivity to the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib. Approximately 70% of tumors harboring EGFR mutations respond to treatment with these drugs, however 30% of these tumors exhibit primary resistance to treatment with these agents. Moreover, responses are transient and, on average, within a year of initiating treatment patients who initially respond eventually develop TKI-inhibitor-resistant disease. Drug resistance, in most cases, is due to a secondary mutation in EGFR (EGFR T790M). Other less frequent mechanisms of resistance include MET amplification, PIK3CA mutations and transformation to small cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism of resistance is still unknown in approximately 30% of cases. More effective treatment of patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer requires a better understanding of the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs and the development of strategies to overcome this resistance. To study these problems in vivo, we developed tetracycline-inducible transgenic mouse models of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Expression of lung cancer associated EGFR mutants gives rise to lung adenocarcinomas with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma features that are dependent upon the continuous activity of mutant EGFR for survival. Thus, treatment of the mice with erlotinib leads to tumor regression and long-term treatment with the drug gives rise to drug-resistant tumors that harbor some of the alterations observed in human TKI-resistant tumors such as the T790M mutation. Current efforts to use these mouse models to: 1) study mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs and 2) evaluate new therapies to overcome resistance to first generation TKIs will be discussed.
Safety paradigm: genetic evaluation of therapeutic grade human embryonic stem cells (2010)

The use of stem cells for regenerative medicine has captured the imagination of the public, with media attention contributing to rising expectations of clinical benefits. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are the best model for capital investment in stem cell therapy and there is a clear need for their robust genetic characterization before scaling-up cell expansion for that purpose. We have to be certain that the genome of the starting material is stable and normal, but the limited resolution of conventional karyotyping is unable to give us such assurance. Advanced molecular cytogenetic technologies such as array comparative genomic hybridization for identifying chromosomal imbalances, and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for identifying ethnic background and loss of heterozygosity should be introduced as obligatory diagnostic tests for each newly derived hESC line before it is deposited in national stem cell banks. If this new quality standard becomes a requirement, as we are proposing here, it would facilitate and accelerate the banking process, since end-users would be able to select the most appropriate line for their particular application, thus improving efficiency and streamlining the route to manufacturing therapeutics. The pharmaceutical industry, which may use hESC-derived cells for drug screening, should not ignore their genomic profile as this may risk misinterpretation of results and significant waste of resources.
An Efficient Video Data Compression Using Multi-Dimensional DCT (2007)

This paper presents a new multi-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)?based coding to improve video coding efficiency. The technique proposes an application of additional DCT to the conventional twodimensional DCT coefficients after arranging multiple blocks of DCT coefficients of the same frequencies. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves PSNR by more than 2.6dB compared to 2-D, 4x4 transform used in the H.264 for similar bit rates. The proposed multidimensional DCT can easily be combined with existing coding techniques such as H.264 to achieve higher compression of video data.
Complex intuitionistic fuzzy classes (2016)

A complex fuzzy class is characterized by a pure complex fuzzy grade of membership. Pure complex fuzzy classes are paramount in providing rich semantics for cases where the fuzzy data is periodic with a fuzzy period. Often, however, the available data is contaminated by noise, opposing expert opinions, ambiguity, and false information. This opens the door for using intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory: representing the false information via a degree of non-membership. Several researchers have identified the benefits of integrating the two concepts of complex fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Nevertheless, complex fuzzy sets allow for only one component of the degree of membership to be fuzzy. In this paper, we introduce the concept of complex intuitionistic fuzzy classes, which are characterized by pure complex intuitionistic fuzzy grade of membership. We define the basic terms and operations on complex intuitionistic fuzzy classes and provide a motivating example of relevant application.
Etched tracks and serendipitous dosimetry (2006)

Nuclear tracks in detectors that just happened to be there can be found in unexpected places. Eyeglasses, household glass, minerals, objects that were exposed to nuclear explosions, and space equipment on the moon are examples. Such materials allow us to measure doses of past radon exposures, cosmic-ray fluences, fission rates and neutrons. Incidental results include measuring mountain-building rates and deciding where finding oil is likely (or unlikely); in another case erosion rates of surface materials in space are found. New results that assess the effects of hydration layers on the leaching out from glass surfaces of imbedded alpha-recoil nuclei imply that long-term, retrospective radon measurements can be made more reliable by selecting only glass with compact hydration layers.
The Elderly as a Unique Population: Alcoholism (1978)

The clinician who is faced with the task of diagnosing alcoholism in the elderly should be aware of the limitations of the diagnostic criteria for this population and should regard these criteria merely as areas from which to begin a much more detailed inquiry into the role of alcohol in any problems the patient may report.
Why Did Metasequoia Disappear from North America but Not from China (2007)

Fossils of Metasequoia, beginning in the Cretaceous Period, have been found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In North America this genus survived at least through the Pliocene, and in Asia through the early Pleistocene. Fossils from the Holocene are missing on both continents, yet Metasequoia survived, presumably in wet-site refugia along the Yangtze River, and survives today as relic populations in central China. Metasequoia has completely disappeared in North America. We present the case that the ecological requirement of moist bare soil for seedling establishment constrains Metasequoia to regularly disturbed riparian zones. The river systems of the western United States could have provided migratory routes for Metasequoia to the Southeast as climate cooled and land masses rose. However, Taxodium, a genus not found in Asia, has the same specialized seedling establishment requirements as Metasequoia. We previously showed that Metasequoia has the superior photosynthetic system for adapting to the weak, continuous light of the high latitudes. But at the lower latitudes of the US Southeast, the photosynthetic system of Taxodium has the competitive edge. We suggest, therefore, that in North America Taxodium preempted the sites that could have been occupied by Metasequoia, eventually leading to its extirpation.