gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous buffer and wire sizing for performance and power optimization (1996)

In this paper, we study the simultaneous buffer and wire sizing (SBWS) problem for delay and power dissipation minimization. We prove the BS/WS relation for optimal SBWS solutions. This relation leads to a polynomial time algorithm for computing the lower and upper bounds of the optimal SBWS solutions, which enables an efficient optimal algorithm for computing optimal SBWS solutions. We have applied the SBWS algorithms to the clock nets in a spread spectrum IF transceiver chip and HSPICE simulations show that our algorithms can reduce skew and power by a factor of 3.5X and 2.6X, respectively, when compared to the manual layout of the clock nets in the original chip.
ChemInform Abstract: Tobacco Chemistry. Part 76. Biotransformations of Tobacco Isoprenoids Using Plant Cell Cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Autism: Where Do We Go From Here? (2015)

In the last 5 years, there has been an absolutely profound transformation in the ability to identify genes that contribute to autism and schizophrenia.
Isotope Effect on Hydrogen (Deuterium)-Absorbing Pt Clusters Calculated by the Multi-Component Molecular Orbital Method (2005)

We analyzed isotope effects on the geometrical and electronic relaxations of hydrogen/deuterium-absorbing Pt n H(D) - ( n =1–4, 6) clusters using the first principles multi-component molecular orbital (MC_MO) method, which can take into account the quantum effect of the proton/deuteron. The average of Pt–Pt bond distances of the Pt n H - clusters was calculated to be no more than 0.004 Å longer than the bond distances of corresponding Pt n D - clusters. Calculations on Pt n H(D) 2 ( n =2–4, 6) clusters clearly demonstrated that significant geometrical differences between Pt–Pt bond distances caused by the isotope effect depend on the number of hydrogen/deuterium atoms. Slight relaxation of the electronic charge densities was observed by the replacement from H to D. The exponent values indicate that the distribution of the wavefunction of proton and deuteron reflected the geometrical changes and electronic charge densities around the proton and deuteron.
Thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched Si (1997)

We have used an optical pump-and-probe technique to measure the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, κ(T), of isotopically pure Si. The sample was made from 99.7% Si28 by liquid phase epitaxy. Measurements were performed over the temperature range of 100–375 K. We found an increase in the thermal conductivity of isotopically pure Si, as compared to Si of natural isotopic abundance, throughout the entire temperature range. The results were theoretically reproduced by appropriately scaling the parameters used recently to fit the thermal conductivity of Ge samples with different isotopic compositions. A maximum in κ(T) of ∼4×104 W m−1 K−1 is predicted for Si28 at T≃33 K.
Wolfe Tone: Prophet of Irish Independence (1990)

Elliott ...is better qualified than anyone to crack the Tone conundrum. Her meticulously documented Wolfe Tone balances a narrative of well-judged pace-accelerating as it reaches the climax of Tone's suicide before his execution-with clear, often subtle analysis...This is the fullest account of Tone's life to date; it is readable and warmly but critically sympathetic.-Angus Macintyre, Times Literary Supplement [A] cool, splendidly researched biography...If Marianne Elliott dismantles the myth she in no way debunks the individual. Rather she releases a much more admirable figure, humane, high spirited, cultivated, vary much of his turbulent, radical liberal times.-Peter Lennon, The Guardian A work of such thorough and perceptive skill that there will never need to be another.-The Observer A splendid biography.-John Kavanagh, The Irish Post [Tone] has for the first time received a thorough biography by the talented scholar, Marianne Elliott...Tone himself now comes alive in Elliott's completely researched pages and in her meticulous reconstruction of Tone's exciting world and its rush of events. Superb notes, bibliography, and index, plus a revealing closing essay on the tortuous building of the 'cult of Tone' that followed his death.-Choice
Intelligent Window Coatings:  Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tungsten-Doped Vanadium Dioxide (2004)

Thin films of tungsten-doped vanadium(IV) oxide were prepared on glass substrates from the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of vanadium(IV) chloride, tungsten(VI) ethoxide, and water at 500−600 °C. The films were characterized by Raman microscopy, glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vis/IR reflectance−transmittance. The films showed a reduction in thermochromic transition temperatures from 68 °C in VO2 to 42 °C in V0.99W0.01O2approaching that required for commercial use as an intelligent window coating.
Defective Capacity of Bone Marrow From Nude Mice to Restore Lethally Irradiated Recipients (1973)

Abstract The proliferative capacity of bone marrow cells from thymus-deprived nude mice was investigated in lethally irradiated recipients. Although the colony-forming capacity of these cells was found to be similar to that of normal littermates, a reduction in the number of nucleated cells was observed in the bone marrow of nude mice. Moreover when the radioprotective effect of such cells was studied, it was found that 5 x 105 or 2 x 106 bone marrow cells from nude mice were less effective in restoring hemopoiesis and establishing permanent chimerism than similar amounts of bone marrow cells of normal controls. In addition, irradiated animals surviving after injection of bone marrow cells from nude mice were found to have lower immune responses to SRBC than normal chimeras. The possibility that mortality of irradiated recipients injected with bone marrow of nude mice is due to the presence of a latent infective agent or of some inhibitory factor of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of such nude mice is shown to be improbable. Alternatively it is suggested that nude mice suffer from an intrinsic defect in the proliferative capacity of their bone marrow colony-forming cells (CFUs).
Synthetic RNA and DNA Duplexes. Premelting, Melting and Postmelting Transitions of Alternating Inosine-Cytosine Polynucleotides in Solution (1978)

The duplex-to-strand transition of poly(I-C) and poly(dI-dC) has been monitored at the nonexchangeable base and sugar protons and the Watson-Crick imino and amino protons by 360-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrocopy in 0.1 M phosphate solution. The four base and two sugar H-1′ protons of the inosine-cytosine polynucleotides shift upfield on duplex formation with the magnitude of these melting transition shifts reflecting differences in the base pair overlap geometries for the synthetic DNA and the synthetic RNA duplexes in solution. The poly(I-C) nonexchangeable protons shift as average peaks during the melting transition and the protons distributed at the base and the sugar H-1′ positions can be plotted on a common melting curve representing the fraction of duplex as a function of temperature. The nonexchangeable protons which undergo large shifts during the melting transition exhibit uncertainty broadening contributions in the fast exchange region. The magnitude of the duplex dissociation rates (103–104 s−1) are consistent with the folding of the alternating purine-pyrimidine ribopolynucleotides into smaller duplexes which melt independently of each other. The exchange between duplex and strand states for poly(dI-dC) is slow on the NMR time scale with dissociation rates ≦0.1 × 103 s−1. We have outlined methods to correlate individual resonances in the duplex and strand states by extending the studies to high salt solution and comparing the chemical shift parameters for poly(dI-dC) with those previously reported for poly(dA-dT). The magnitude and direction of the temperature-dependent chemical shift changes at the base and sugar H-1′ resonances of poly(I-C) and poly(dI-dC) in the duplex state demonstrate a common structural change during the premelting conformational transition for the synthetic RNA and DNA duplexes. The synthetic DNA duplexes exhibit a predominant C-3′exo sugar pucker geometry in the strand state which appears to be maintained on duplex formation. By contrast, the synthetic RNA duplexes exhibit an equilibrium between C-3′exo and C-3′endo pucker geometries in the strand state, with the equilibrium shifting predominantly towards the latter on duplex formation. The Watson-Crick imino inosine H-1 proton, characteristic of the duplex state, is observed at 15.1 ppm in the spectra of poly(I-C) and poly(dI-dC) in H2O solution at 25 °C. These inosine H-1 resonances are about 2ppm downfield relative to the guanine H-1 resonances in alternating (dG-dC) oligonucleotide duplexes, indicative of the shielding effect of the purine 2-amino group on the purine 1-imino proton in a base pair. The cytosine H-4 amino proton in a Watson-Crick hydrogen bond resonates downfield from the cytosine H-4 amino proton exposed to solvent for poly(I-C) and poly(dI-dC) in the duplex state. We observe chemical shift changes for the poly(dI-dC) resonances in the duplex state on addition of 4M NaCl indicative of a conformational transition in high salt solution.
Cross-Linked Lyotropic Liquid Crystal−Butyl Rubber Composites:  Promising “Breathable” Barrier Materials for Chemical Protection Applications (2004)

A lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) monomer was successfully blended and cross-linked with commercial butyl rubber (BR) to afford ordered, nanoporous polymer composites. These materials retain much of the excellent chemical resistance of BR but also provide a measure of water vapor permeability, which is lacking in pure BR materials but essential for protective garment applications.
Supplementary Table 1 from Prostate Cancer Radiosensitization through Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Hyperactivation (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Prostate Cancer Radiosensitization through Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Hyperactivation
Excluding Contact Electrification in Surface Potential Measurement Using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (2016)

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), a characterization method that could image surface potentials of materials at the nanoscale, has extensive applications in characterizing the electric and electronic properties of metal, semiconductor, and insulator materials. However, it requires deep understanding of the physics of the measuring process and being able to rule out factors that may cause artifacts to obtain accurate results. In the most commonly used dual-pass KPFM, the probe works in tapping mode to obtain surface topography information in a first pass before lifting to a certain height to measure the surface potential. In this paper, we have demonstrated that the tapping-mode topography scan pass during the typical dual-pass KPFM measurement may trigger contact electrification between the probe and the sample, which leads to a charged sample surface and thus can introduce a significant error to the surface potential measurement. Contact electrification will happen when the probe enters into the repulsive force regime of a tip-sample interaction, and this can be detected by the phase shift of the probe vibration. In addition, the influences of scanning parameters, sample properties, and the probe's attributes have also been examined, in which lower free cantilever vibration amplitude, larger adhesion between the probe tip and the sample, and lower cantilever spring constant of the probe are less likely to trigger contact electrification. Finally, we have put forward a guideline to rationally decouple contact electrification from the surface potential measurement. They are decreasing the free amplitude, increasing the set-point amplitude, and using probes with a lower spring constant.
Process migration: a generalized approach using a virtualizing operating system (2003)

Process migration has been used to perform specialized tasks, such as load sharing and checkpoint/restarting long running applications. Implementation typically consists of modifications to existing applications and the creation of specialized support systems, which limit the applicability of the methodology. Off the shelf applications have not benefited from process migration technologies, mainly due to the lack of an effective generalized methodology and facility. The benefits of process migration include mobility, checkpointing, relocation, scheduling and on the fly maintenance. This paper shows how regular shrink-wrapped applications can be migrated. The approach to migration is to virtualize the application by injecting functionality into running applications and operating systems. Using this scheme, we separate the physical resource bindings of the application and replace it with virtual bindings. This technique is referred to as virtualization. We have developed a virtualizing operating system (vOS), residing on top of Windows 2000 that injects stock applications with the virtualizing software. It coordinates activities across multiple platforms providing new functionality to the existing applications. The vOS makes it possible to build communities of systems that cooperate to run applications and share resources non-intrusively while retaining application binary compatibility.
A Graphic Instrument with LD Coaxial Coupling (2003)

A graphic instrument is presented with which the operator can monitor the output power and the P-I graphs to ensure the maximum output power, to find and eliminate the wrest and jitter of output power during the coupling process when adjusting the laser diodes and fibers in 3-dimensions in order to greatly raise the productivity of finished products.
A high performance generalized discontinuous PWM algorithm (2002)

In this paper a generalized discontinuous pulse width modulation (GDPWM) method with superior high modulation operating range performance characteristics is developed. An algorithm which employs the conventional space vector PWM method in the low modulation range, and the GDPWM method in the high modulation range is established. As a result, the current waveform quality, switching losses, voltage linearity range and the overmodulation region voltage gain of a PWM-VSI drive are optimized online as opposed to conventional modulators with fixed characteristics. Due to its compactness, simplicity and superior performance, the algorithm is suitable for most high performance PWM-VSI drive applications. The paper provides a detailed performance analysis of the method and compares it to the other methods. Experimental results verify the superiority or this algorithm to conventional PWM methods.
Facilitation of Cell Adhesion by Immobilized Dengue Viral Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1): Arginine‐Glycine‐Aspartic Acid Structural Mimicry within the Dengue Viral NS1 Antigen (2002)

Dengue virus infection causes life-threatening hemorrhagic fever. Increasing evidence implies that dengue viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) exhibits a tendency to elicit potentially hazardous autoantibodies, which show a wide spectrum of specificity against extracellular matrix and platelet antigens. How NS1 elicits autoantibodies remains unclear. To address the hypothesis that NS1 and matrix proteins may have structural and functional similarity, cell-matrix and cell-NS1 interactions were evaluated using a cell-adhesion assay. The present study showed that dengue NS1 immobilized on coverslips resulted in more cell adhesion than did the control proteins. This cell adhesion was inhibited by peptides containing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), a motif important for integrin-mediated cell adhesion. In addition, anti-NS1 antibodies blocked RGD-mediated cell adhesion. Although there is no RGD motif in the NS1 protein sequence, these data indicate that RGD structural mimicry exists within the NS1 antigen.
Studies of two-dimensional MoS2 on enhancing the electrical performance of ultrathin copper films (2018)

Copper nanowires are widely used as on-chip interconnects due to superior conductivity. However, with aggressive Cu interconnect scaling, the diffusive surface scattering of electrons drastically increases the electrical resistivity. In this work, we studied the electrical performance of Cu thin films on different materials. By comparing the thickness dependence of Cu films resistivity on MoS2 and SiO2, we demonstrated that two-dimensional MoS2 can be used to enhance the electrical performance of ultrathin Cu films due to a partial specular surface scattering. By fitting the experimental data with the theoretical Fuchs Sondheimer model, we obtained the specularity parameter at the Cu MoS2 interface in the temperature range 2K to 300K. Furthermore, first principle calculations based on the density functional theory indicates that there are more localized states at the Cu amorphous SiO2 interface than the Cu MoS2 interface which is responsible for the higher resistivity in the Cu SiO2 heterostructure due to more severe electron scattering. Our results suggest that Cu MoS2 hybrid is a promising candidate structure for the future generations of CMOS interconnects.
Soil Organic Matter Influence on Adsorption and Desorption of Boron (1991)

Abstract The role of soil organic matter in B adsorption and desorption processes in soil is not yet clearly understood. Adsorption/desorption isotherms of B were compared in three soils before and after organic‐matter removal by NaOCl. The amount of B adsorbed was considerably greater after the organic matter had been removed from the soil, and the release of B showed a hysteretic trend or, in any case, the hysteretic nature of the B release increased. An increase in oxalate‐extractable Fe and Al occurred after destruction of the organic matter. It is suggested that a portion of the Fe and Al oxides, as well as other possible adsorption sites, are generally coated or occluded by organic matter and become active only after removal of the organic matter.
Shelf detection via vanishing point and radial projection (2014)

Retailers need to monitor products on store shelves in order to maintain adequate stocking and in many cases to comply with a placement arrangement defined by a planogram. It is possible that such inspections be performed automatically or semi-automatically using computer vision techniques. Towards this goal, we propose an algorithm to detect shelves from images captured with a handheld digital camera. First, we identify the vanishing point and the associated line segments corresponding to the shelves. Second, we divide the image into equal-angle wedges centered at the vanishing point and project the associated line segments into the wedges. Finally, we identify shelves by analyzing the projections.
Mechanical Properties of Ingot Nb Cavities (2014)

This contribution presents the results of measurements of the resonant frequency and of strain along the contour of a single-cell cavity made of ingot Nb subjected to increasing uniform differential pressure, up to 6 atm. The data were used to infer mechanical properties of this material after cavity fabrication, by comparison with the results from simulation calculations done with ANSYS. The objective is to provide useful information about the mechanical properties of ingot Nb cavities which can be used in the design phase of SRF cavities intended to be built with this material.
Triple negative breast cancer: Deciphering the biology and heterogeneity (2016)

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer (BC) with a heterogeneous nature that stains negatively for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) during immunohistochemistry. Approximately 15–20% of all cases of breast cancer are triple negative phenotypes. Compared to patients with hormone receptor-positive cancer, TNBC patients are typically younger (<50 years), African American, and have a high incidence of mutations in BRCA1/2 genes. To date, not a single targeted therapy has been approved for TNBC treatment, and cytotoxic chemotherapy remains as the standard systemic treatment, meaning that TNBC is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. In this review, the literature search was done up to date on which gene expression profile of TNBC has been analyzed in order to identify the consensus on molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and/or the prognostic markers of the disease. In conclusion, these studies have reported that TNBC is composed of several clusters or genomic signatures as basal keratins. They have also reported on their proliferation, luminal/basal apocrine, regulatory interferon, immune cells/immunoglobulin related to stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal, androgen receptor and angiogenesis. However, not all research groups have reported reproducible results. This confirms the heterogeneous nature of TNBC and the need for research on uniform selection criteria. However, these discoveries have led to the proposal of new treatments, such as the addition of platinum salts, new combinations of therapeutic agents, some targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors, and PI3K and androgen antagonists. There is no doubt that a better understanding of the nature of TNBC will allow individualized and more effective therapies.
Aluminum based multilayers systems synthesized by ion beam sputtering for extreme UV (2011)

In this paper, we present the development of Al-based multilayer mirrors for the spectral range [17 nm - 34 nm]. The purpose of presented study is to optimize the deposition of Al-based multilayers by the ion beam sputtering (IBS) technique according to several parameters such as the ion beam current and the angle of inclination of targets, which allowed us to vary the energy of ad-atoms deposited onto a substrate. We expected to achieve good reflectivity values for both two- and three-material stacks: aluminum/molybdenum Al/Mo, aluminum/molybdenum/boron carbide Al/Mo/B4C and aluminum/molybdenum/silicon carbide Al/Mo/SiC. We have undertaken a series of structural and chemical analyses of these systems. We present their optical characteristics in the EUV range.
Numerical simulation of foam flooding for sweep improvement (1996)

Foams are used for mobility control in Enhanced Oil Recovery operations involving injection of gases or steam. The ability of foams to lower the mobility of vapour phase, under certain conditions, helps in reducing gravity override and channelling leading to improved sweep efficiency and hence oil recovery. A series of foam-flood experiments were carried out for implementing the process in a carbonate reservoir currently under miscible flood. The present research focuses on simulation of few of these experiments using empirical foam and reaction kinetics models with an objective of establishing parameters critical to field implementation. The mobility reduction factor and the saturation at which the foam breaks down were studied using numerical models that simulated laboratory experiments. Effect of Surfactant Alternate Gas Injection (SAG) cycle, reservoir heterogeneity and economic aspects of the process were evaluated using a field scale numerical model validated by actual foam-tests. Foam flooding was found economically favourable in reservoirs with high permeability intervals near the top.