gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guest Editorial: An End-to-End Machine Learning Perspective on Industrial IoT (2022)

The world is witnessing the emergence of billions of IoT devices fueled by tremendous leaps in computing paradigms spanning clients, the edge, and the cloud, as well as the ultra-low-latency and gigabit-per-second connectivity offered by 5G networks. It is estimated that IoT devices will generate 90 Zettabytes of data at the network edge by 2025 (IDC Data Age 2025 Whitepaper). The Industry 4.0 revolution is one of the major drivers for this large-scale adoption of IoT and is taking place rapidly, transforming a wide range of markets including manufacturing, energy, agriculture, transportation, and logistics. For example, in smart manufacturing, predictive maintenance for minimizing downtime, location tracking for inventory, and automation are some key areas that can boost yield and decrease time to market. Similarly, in energy, smart metering and detecting defects in oil/gas extraction stations as well as in the extracted matter are leading to significant improvements in operational and capital expenditures.
Genetic variation among Pacific Rim chum salmon populations inferred from the microsatellite DNA analysis (2006)

ABSTRACT The genetic variation and population structure of chum salmon in the Pacific Rim were investigated using allelic variation at four polymorphic microsatellite DNA (msDNA) loci of more than 3,300 individuals from 76 populations representing Japan, Russia and North America. Genetic variation was greater in the populations of Japan than those of Russia and North America, although allelic variation was different among the examined loci. Pairwise population F ST estimates revealed substantial genetic differentiation among the three regional groups of populations. The analysis of molecular variance demonstrated clear structuring among the three geographic groups of populations and within Russian and North American populations but weak to moderate structuring within Japanese populations. These results suggest that the observed geographic pattern of the three regions is congruent with the patterns obtained by the previous mtDNA analysis, and hence the two DNA markers will become useful for construction of a better baseline for genetic stock identification of chum salmon in high seas.
Spontaneous Phase Transformation and Exfoliation of Rectangular Single-Crystal Zinc Hydroxy Dodecylsulfate Nanomembranes (2013)

Free-standing two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures, exemplified by graphene and semiconductor nanomembranes, exhibit exotic electrical and mechanical properties and have great potential in electronic applications where devices need to be flexible or conformal to nonplanar surfaces. Based on our previous development of a substrate-free synthesis of large-area, free-standing zinc hydroxy dodecylsulfate (ZHDS) hexagonal nanomembranes, herein, we report a spontaneous phase transformation of ZHDS nanomembranes under extended reaction time. The hexagonal ZHDS sheets transformed into rectangular single crystal nanomembranes with sizes of hundreds of micrometers. They contain long-range-ordered zinc vacancies that can be fitted into an orthorhombic superlattice. A surplus of dodecylsulfate ions and a deficit of Zn(2+) diffusion near the water surface are believed to be the factors that drive the phase transformation. The phase transformation starts with the formation of zinc vacancies at the topmost layer of the hexagonal hillock, and propagates along the spiral growth path of the initial hexagonal sheets, which bears a great resemblance to the classic "periodic slip process". Mechanical property characterization of ZHDS nanomembranes by nanoindentation shows they behave much like structural polymers mechanically due to the incorporation of surfactant molecules. We also developed a one-step exfoliation and dehydration method that converts ZHDS nanomembranes to ZnO nanosheets using n-butylamine. This work provides a further understanding of the growth and stability of ZnO-based nanomembranes, as well as advisory insight for the further development on solution-based synthesis of free-standing, single-crystalline 2D nanostructures.
AlN Grown on a- and n-Plane Sapphire Substrates by Low-Pressure Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2013)

We have studied the properties of AlN layers grown by low-pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on n -plane (112̄3) sapphire substrates and compared them with those of AlN layers on a -plane (112̄0) sapphire substrates. c -Plane AlN was grown on a -plane sapphire. In the case of AlN growth on n -plane sapphire, the c -axis of AlN was tilted by about 1.2° relative to the n -axis of sapphire, unlike AlN growth on a -plane sapphire. For AlN grown on a -plane sapphire, the in-plane epitaxial relationship between AlN and sapphire changed with nitridation temperature in the initial-stage of growth, but it remained constant for AlN grown on n -plane sapphire.
Trust Management Method of D2D Communication Based on RF Fingerprint Identification (2018)

iWith the rapid development and the increasing security threats of D2D communication, the D2D communication security has become more and more important. Device recognition is the foundation of communication security. Traditional device authentication is the cryptographic mechanism and the security protocol that are not enough for the new security threat. RF fingerprint of wireless device has physical characteristics, which is difficult to clone. Therefore, it can be used for D2D device recognition. In this paper, a recognition algorithm of D2D device based on RF fingerprint is proposed. First, Hilbert transform and principal component analysis is used to generate the RF fingerprint of D2D device. Second, support vector machine (SVM) is introduced and CV-SVM is used as the classifier. Finally, simulation results show that the recognition rate is more than 90% under SNR = 5 dB, which proves that the proposed method is effective for D2D device recognition. Therefore, it can be used as the trust management of D2D communication.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOFLUOROSILICATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 14. CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION PROMOTED BY PALLADIUM SALTS (1982)

Abstract Fünf Typen von Pd‐geförderten C‐C‐bindungsbilden‐ den Reaktionen mit K‐(E)‐alkenylpentafluorosilicaten, die einfach durch Hydrosilylierung von Alkinen und anschließende Silicatbildung erhältlich sind, werden beschrieben.
Multi-V-type and Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparency experiments in rubidium atoms with low-power low-cost free running single mode diode lasers (2016)

In this work we present the experimental realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in A-type and multi-V-type configurations in a sample of rubidium atoms inside a vapor cell at room temperature. Typical EIT windows are clearly visible in the Doppler- broadened absorption signal of the weak probe beam. The coherent optical pump and probe fields are produced by two tunable low-cost, low-power, continuous-wave (cw), free-running and single mode operated diode laser systems, temperature stabilized and current controlled, tuned to the D2 line of rubidium atoms at 780.2 nm wavelength. The continuum wave and single mode operation of our laser systems are confirmed by direct and saturated absorption spectroscopy techniques. Among other applications, these simple experiments can be used as a low-cost undergraduate laboratory in atomic physics, laser physics, coherent light-atom interaction, and high resolution atomic spectroscopy.
Stability of sub-Alfvénic plasma expansions (1990)

A comprehensive theoretical treatment of the linear stability of a sub-Alfvénic plasma expansion is developed. The analysis is similar to those performed for the lower-hybrid-drift instability and the drift cyclotron instability. In addition to the diamagnetic drift (Vdi) that drives these instabilities, the gravitational drift (Vg) caused by the deceleration of the plasma shell, and the Pedersen drift (VP) caused by ion–neutral collisions and neutral gas flow, are included. The emphasis of the paper is on the instability driven by the gravitational drift. The theory is fully kinetic and includes finite-beta effects (i.e., electromagnetic coupling and electron ∇B drift-wave resonances), collisional effects (electron–ion, electron–neutral, and ion–neutral collisions), and neutral gas flow, effects that have not been considered to date. The analysis is carried out in a slab geometry although the applications are to spherical expansions. The main conclusions are as follows. In the strong drift limit (Vg&amp;gt;vi and Vdi∼vi, where vi is the ion thermal velocity) it is found that (1) finite-beta effects are stabilizing and reduce the wavelength of the maximum growth rate; (2) ion–neutral collisions are stabilizing and do not affect the wavelength of the maximum growth rate; (3) electron–neutral collisions are stabilizing and increase the wavelength of the maximum growth rate; (4) the gravitational drift driven mode maximizes the growth rate at longer wavelengths than the diamagnetic drift driven mode; (5) the Pedersen drift effectively reduces the gravitational drift, and is therefore a stabilizing influence; and (6) the instability splits into two modes for Te≫Ti in finite-beta plasmas: the lower-hybrid-drift instability at high frequencies and short wavelengths, and a gravitational mode at lower frequencies and longer wavelengths. In the weak drift regime (Vg&amp;lt;vi and Vdi&amp;lt;vi) it is found that (1) finite-beta effects are stabilizing and increase the wavelength of the maximum growth rate; (2) ion–neutral collisions are destabilizing and decrease the wavelength of the maximum growth rate; and (3) electron–ion and electron–neutral collisions are stabilizing, and increase the wavelength of the maximum growth rate. When the growth rate becomes less than the ion cyclotron instability (γ&amp;lt;Ωi), the growth rate as a function of wave number ‘‘breaks up’’ into a discrete set of modes which is associated with the coupling of the drift waves to ion cyclotron waves. These results are applied to the AMPTE magnetotail release [J. Geophys. Res. 92, 5777 (1987)], the Naval Research Laboratory laser experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2299 (1987)], and the upcoming CRRES GTO releases [D. Reasoner (private communication, 1989)].
How Far Can We Go? Towards Realistic Software-Defined Wireless Networking Experiments (2017)

Software-Defined Wireless Networking (SDWN) is an emerging approach based on decoupling radio control functions from the radio data plane through programmatic interfaces. Despite diverse ongoing efforts to realize the vision of SDWN, many questions remain open from multiple perspectives such as means to rapid prototype and experiment candidate software solutions applicable to real-world deployments. To this end, emulation of SDWN has the potential to boost research and development efforts by re-using existing protocol and application stacks while mimicking the behavior of real wireless networks. In this article, we provide an in-depth discussion on that matter focusing on the Mininet-WiFi emulator design to fill a gap in the experimental platform space. We showcase the applicability of our emulator in an SDN wireless context by illustrating the support of a number of use cases aiming to address the question on how far we can go in realistic SDWN experiments, including comparisons with the results obtained in a wireless testbed. Finally, we discuss the ability to replay packet-level and radio signal traces captured in the real testbed toward a virtual yet realistic emulation environment in support of SDWN research.
Image and video coding-emerging standards and beyond (1998)

Discusses coding standards for still images and motion video. We first briefly discuss standards already in use, including: Group 3 and Group 4 for bilevel fax images; JPEG for still color images; and H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 for motion video. We then cover newly emerging standards such as JBIG1 and JBIG2 for bilevel fax images, JPEG-2000 for still color images, and H.263+ and MPEG-4 for motion video. Finally, we describe some directions beyond the standards such as hybrid coding of graphics/photo images, MPEG-7 for multimedia metadata, and possible new technologies.
Process intensification using a two‐phase system and micromixing for consecutive and reversible reactions (2009)

Abstract This study aimed to find reaction conditions that improve the yield of target intermediate products, using a two‐phase system and a microspace for first‐order consecutive and reversible reactions. As a result, the yield of target products with a two‐phase system can be surpassed by that of a single‐phase system through selecting the organic phase such that the partition coefficient of the raw material to the aqueous phase is large, and that of the target product to the organic phase is also large. In addition, the volume ratio of two phases and the liquid–liquid interfacial area are also important factors for improving the target product yield. In a microspace, the microfluid segments can be designed both arbitrarily and precisely, and thus it is possible to control the interfacial area and mass transfer rates accurately. Utilization of a microspace can play a significant role in intensifying a two‐phase system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Site suitability analysis for landslide monitoring base station using GIS-based multicriteria evaluation technique (2015)

Landslide monitoring of power transmission towers in the rural areas is a challenging process especially if the slope is at a mountainous terrain and suspected to be insecure and risky. Identification of suitable locations for the landslide monitoring base station is one of the critical issues of network planning. Site suitability analysis has become unavoidable for delineating the appropriate site for planning initiatives, especially in the undulating terrain of the hills. It is important to determine the right location and to decide the optimal network equipment for remote monitoring applications. The study illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) and multicriteria evaluation (MCE) technique for selection of suitable sites for landslide monitoring base stations along the transmission tower line in Cameron Highland. Four criteria have been selected for site suitability analysis of the antenna base station (BS) which is tower distance, elevation, communication service coverage and slope. The generated thematic maps of these criteria were standardized using pairwise comparison matrix known as analytical hierarchy process (AHP). A weight for each criterion was generated by comparing them with each other according to their importance. With the help of these weights and criteria, the final site suitability map was prepared.
Architectures for efficient electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (2002)

We discuss several device architectures leading to high-efficiency organic electrophosphorescent (EP) light emission. An external electroluminescence efficiency (/spl eta//sub ext/) of (10.0 /spl plusmn/ 0.5) % was realized by doping fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)/sub 3/) into a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenenthroline (BCP) electron transport layer. Direct exciton formation on the phosphor dopant avoids exciplex formation at the interface of unipolar hole and electron transport layers. Further, triplet exciton and carrier dynamics in a double heterostructure were investigated to determine the location and width of the exciton formation zone. High-efficiency EP is also demonstrated in a simplified two layer architecture using a 4,4'-N, N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) ambipolar carrier transport host.
Exploring the Mechanism for the Synthesis of Silsesquioxanes. 3. The Effect of Substituents and Water (2002)

The effect of various substituents on the hydrolysis and condensation reactions, the initial stages of the mechanism to form silsesquioxanes, are investigated with ab initio electronic structure theory including electron correlation effects. In addition, the role of water molecules on the mechanism is also discussed.
Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazines via Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Nitrones (2020)

A unique and efficient formation of 3,6-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-1,2-oxazines starting from α,β-unsaturated nitrones has been achieved. The nucleophilic addition of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to the C═N bond of an α,β-unsaturated nitrone to form an aziridine <i>N</i>-oxide followed by the Meisenheimer rearrangement affords 3,6-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-1,2-oxazine in up to 70% yield. Methylene was confirmed to be incorporated at the C<sub>3</sub> position of the ring. A wide range of β-aryl-substituted α,β-unsaturated nitrones were applicable to this reaction.
Mechanical and Thermophysical Properties of Zr–Al–Si–C Ceramics (2009)

The mechanical and thermophysical properties of quaternary‐layered carbides, Zr 2 [Al(Si)] 4 C 5 and Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 C 6 have been investigated and compared with those of Zr 2 Al 3 C 4 and Zr 3 Al 3 C 5 . These four carbides are generally alike in mechanical and thermophysical properties due to their similar crystal structures that consisting of alternatively stacked ZrC layers and Al 3 C 2 /[Al(Si)] 4 C 3 slabs. The layer thickness of zirconium carbide and aluminum carbide has effects on their properties. Thicker layer of zirconium carbide and/or thinner layer of aluminum carbides are in favor of stiffness, hardness, thermal, and electrical conductivities, but go against density, specific stiffness, Debye temperature, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
Upconversion nanoparticle and gold nanocage satellite assemblies for sensitive ctDNA detection in serum (2020)

A rapid molecular diagnostic technique targeting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become one of the most clinically significant liquid biopsy methods for non-invasive and timely diagnosis of cancer. Herein, a sensitive detection system of ctDNA based on a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanocages (AuNCs) was constructed. Through the doping of Yb and Tm ions, the excitation and emission wavelengths of UCNPs were adjusted to 980 nm and 806 nm, respectively. Subsequently, UCNPs and AuNCs with the corresponding wavelength absorption were linked by complementary pairing of surface-modified DNA to form near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobes (NIR probes). Targeting DNA mutation recognition and signal transduction were realized by using NIR probes through the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction. This method could detect a single point mutation of the KRAS gene with a wide detection range from 5 pM to 1000 pM and the limit of detection reached 6.30 pM. More importantly, the stable and highly specific NIR probes could be directly used in the serum environment without complicated pretreatment and amplification processes in advance. It could be envisioned that this specific and sensitive ctDNA detection strategy has great potential in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of diverse malignant tumors.
Ex-vivo delivery of monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) to treat human donor lungs prior to transplantation (2020)

Supported by the University Health Network Transplant Center.
Acute Pancreatitis in Children (2002)

The new scoring system performs better in this group than do existing systems.
Viability and function of 8‐day‐stored apheresis platelets (2006)

After 8 days of storage, the in vivo posttransfusion recovery and survival of autologous Haemonetics apheresis PLTs meet the proposed standards for poststorage PLT quality.
Aluminum oxide as a dielectric and passivation layer for (flexible) metal-oxide and 2D semiconductor devices (2021)

We discuss the role of aluminum oxide (i.e. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> when stoichiometric) for transistors and sensors based on oxide semiconductors such as InGaZnO (IGZO) and two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>. Aluminum oxide is a well-known capping and dielectric layer in semiconductor technology typically deposited by atomic-layer deposition (ALD), which offers a dense and high-quality film with low gas permeability even when deposited on flexible substrates. However, when deposited at low temperature (&lt; 200&deg;C), aluminum oxide can include a significant amount of fixed charges and defects, which lead to unusual charge trapping and doping effects in semiconductor devices. For example, such charge trapping can cause (apparent) sub-60 mV/decade subthreshold swing at room temperature in IGZO transistors, but can also lead to potential applications in neuromorphic computing. We also discuss effective doping (~10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) of 2D semiconductors by thin ALD-grown non-stoichiometric AlO<sub>x</sub> capping layers. This is achieved with an aluminum seed layer, which enables uniform growth of the subsequently deposited ALD film. This approach leads to a negative shift in threshold voltage, record on-state current (~700 &mu;A/&mu;m) in a monolayer semiconductor, and drastic reduction in contact resistance. Finally, we investigate the passivation effects of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> capping, which limits the interaction of the underlying semiconductors with ambient air and moisture. We demonstrate improved response in MoS<sub>2</sub> temperature sensors and long-term stability in flexible MoS<sub>2</sub> transistors (8 months). Further, we evaluate the effects of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> passivation on IGZO transistors after aging for 80 months.
Detection of Subclinical Infection in Significant Breast Implant Capsules (2003)

The pathogenesis of fibrous capsular contracture after augmentation mammaplasty is still debated. One hypothesis implicates low-grade bacterial infections as a cause. The presence of a staphylococcal biofilm in a patient with recurrent capsular contracture was previously reported. A comparative, prospective, blinded, clinical study of implants and capsules removed from patients with or without significant capsular contracture was conducted to investigate the association of biofilm contamination, breast implants, and capsular contracture. Capsule and implant samples obtained during explantation were tested by routine microbiological culture, sensitive broth culture (after maceration and sonication), and scanning electron microscopy. Clinical parameters were correlated with microbiological findings. A total of 48 implant and/or capsule samples were obtained from 27 breasts during a 22-month period. Of the 27 breasts, 19 exhibited significant contracture (Baker grade III/IV). The mean duration of implantation was 9.2 years (range, 0.4 to 26.0 years). Routine swab cultures obtained at the time of explantation were negative for bacterial growth for all samples. The sensitive broth culture technique yielded 24 positive samples (50 percent, n = 48). An analysis of capsules demonstrated that 17 of 19 samples obtained from patients with significant contracture were positive, compared with only one of eight samples obtained from patients with minimal or no contracture (p = 0.0006). Fourteen of the 17 positive cultures from significantly contracted breasts yielded coagulase-negative staphylococci, mainly, species of the Staphylococcus epidermidis group. The presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci was also significantly associated with capsular contracture (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the frequency of culture positivity for saline versus silicone implants (p = 0.885). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of extensive biofilm on implants and within capsules.Biofilm, in particular, S. epidermidis biofilm, was detected for a significant proportion of patients with capsular contracture. This implicates biofilm disease in the pathogenesis of contracture, and strategies for its prevention should be explored.