gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does radiotherapy still have a role in unresected biliary tract cancer? (2016)

The benefits of radiotherapy for inoperable biliary tract cancer remain unclear due to the lack of randomized data. We evaluated the impact of radiotherapy on survival in elderly patients using the SEER-Medicare database. Patients in the SEER-Medicare database with inoperable biliary tract tumors diagnosed between 1998 and 2011 were included. We used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with treatment selection, and multivariate Cox regression and propensity score matching to evaluate treatment selection in relation to subsequent survival. Of the 2343 patients included, 451 (19%) received radiotherapy within 4 months of diagnosis. The use of radiotherapy declined over time, and was influenced by receipt of chemotherapy and patient age, race, marital status, poverty status, and tumor stage and type. Median survival was 9.3 (95% CI 8.7-9.7) months among patients who did not receive radiation and 10.0 (95% CI 9.1-11.3) months among those who received radiation, conditional on having survived 4 months. In patients who received chemotherapy (n = 1053), receipt of radiation was associated with improved survival, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.82 (95% 0.70-0.97, P = 0.02). In patients who did not receive chemotherapy (n = 1290), receipt of radiation was not associated with improved survival, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.09 (95% 0.91-1.30, P = 0.34). Propensity-scored matched analyses showed similar results. Despite the survival benefit associated with the addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy, the use of radiation for unresectable biliary tract cancers has declined over time.
Long-wavelength InAsSb photoconductors operated at near room temperatures (200–300 K) (1996)

Long-wavelength InAs1−xSbx photoconductors operated without cryogenic cooling are reported. The devices are based on p-InAs1−xSbx/p-InSb heterostructures grown on (100) semi-insulating GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). Photoreponse up to 14 μm has been obtained in a sample with x=0.77 at 300 K, which is in good agreement with the measured infrared absorption spectra. The corresponding effective lifetime of ≊0.14 ns at 300 K has been derived from stationary photoconductivity. The Johnson noise limited detectivity at λ=10.6 μm is estimated to be about 3.27×107 cm Hz1/2/W at 300 K.
Pimozide, a Novel Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Inhibitor, Promotes Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells by Activating PPARγ (2014)

Pimozide is a conventional antipsychotic of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class that has been clinically used for over 30 years. The obvious side effect of this drug is weight gain. However, the mechanism of pimozide-induced weight gain is still unknown. In the present study, we identified pimozide as a novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitor using molecular docking simulation as well as biochemical characterizations. BMS309403, a well-known FABP4 inhibitor, elevated the basal protein levels of PPARγ, therefore stimulating adipogenesis in adipocytes. The present study showed that the inhibitory effect of pimozide on FABP4 promoted adipocyte differentiation with the potency proportional to their propensities for weight gain. These effects in adipogenesis by pimozide may help to explain the weight gain that is frequently observed in patients treated with pimozide.
Three Different Locations of a Sentinel Node Highlight the Importance of Performing a Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Recurrence (2016)

A local breast cancer recurrence or a new breast cancer in the previously treated breast is a staging challenge. Staging is important to tailor the local and the systemic treatment. Earlier treatment(s) can disrupt the primary lymphatic drainage. After the disruption, new lymphatic drainage pathways are often created. The identification of these new pathways together with their sentinel node(s) (SN) is important for retreatment. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computerized tomography could be useful to identify the involved node(s), but, unfortunately, there is no evidence to support this. Ideally, in the case of a recurrence, an SN biopsy should be performed in order to identify the "new" draining lymph node(s). This new draining SN(s) can be located in unexpected places, and tumor invasion will lead to a change in the management.
A THz one-to-four Power Divider with High Isolation and Arbitrary Phase Shift (2020)

An improved 1-4 power divider is presented in this paper, operating from 210 to 225GHz. The simulated results of the model from the software Ansoft HFSS show that it can achieve the intended goal of phase shift at the required frequency with isolation more than 20 dB. The power divider is constructed by three couplers rather than the traditional T-juncture to improve the isolation between the output ports. The matching-loads in isolation ports of the couplers are replaced with E-plane square horn antennas. Meanwhile, the lengths of the connecting waveguides in the power divider can be adjusted to achieve an arbitrary phase shift.
Identification of a Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Signature: Preliminary Findings With Diagnostic Potential (2020)

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that affects 0. 13 per 100,000 persons annually. Overall survival of SMZL is estimated to reach 8-11 years in most cases, but up to 30% of SMZL cases develop aggressive presentations resulting in greatly diminished time of survival. SMZL presents with a very heterogeneous molecular profile, making diagnosis problematic, and accurate prognosis even less likely. The study herein has identified a potential diagnostic gene expression signature with highly specific predictive utility, coined the SMZL-specific Gene Expression Signature (SSGES). Additionally, five of the most impactful markers identified within the SSGES were selected for a five-protein panel, for further evaluation among control and SMZL patient samples. These markers included EME2, ERCC5, SETBP1, USP24, and ZBTB32. When compared with control spleen and other B-cell lymphoma subtypes, significantly higher expression was noticed in SMZL samples when stained for EME2 and USP24. Additionally, ERCC5, SETBP1, USP24, and ZBTB32 staining displayed indications of prognostic value for SMZL patients. Delineation of the SSGES offers a unique SMZL signature that could provide diagnostic utility for a malignancy that has historically been difficult to identify, and the five-marker protein panel provides additional support for such findings. These results should be further investigated and validated in subsequent molecular investigations of SMZL so it may be potentially incorporated into standard oncology practice for improving the understanding and outlook for SMZL patients.
SU‐F‐J‐199: Predictive Models for Cone Beam CT‐Based Online Verification of Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy (2016)

Purpose: To utilize online CBCT scans to develop models for predicting DVH metrics in proton therapy of head and neck tumors. Methods: Nine patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer were retrospectively selected in this study. Deformable image registration was applied to the simulation CT, target volumes, and organs at risk (OARs) contours onto each weekly CBCT scan. Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment plans were created on the simulation CT and forward calculated onto each corrected CBCT scan. Thirty six potentially predictive metrics were extracted from each corrected CBCT. These features include minimum/maximum/mean over and under‐ranges at the proximal and distal surface of PTV volumes, and geometrical and water equivalent distance between PTV and each OARs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimension of the extracted features. Three principal components were found to account for over 90% of variances in those features. Datasets from eight patients were used to train a machine learning model to fit these principal components with DVH metrics (dose to 95% and 5% of PTV, mean dose or max dose to OARs) from the forward calculated dose on each corrected CBCT. The accuracy of this model was verified on the datasets from the 9th patient. Results: The predicted changes of DVH metrics from the model were in good agreement with actual values calculated on corrected CBCT images. Median differences were within 1 Gy for most DVH metrics except for larynx and constrictor mean dose. However, a large spread of the differences was observed, indicating additional training datasets and predictive features are needed to improve the model. Conclusion: Intensity corrected CBCT scans hold the potential to be used for online verification of proton therapy and prediction of delivered dose distributions.
Polymer membrane ion-selective electrodes as a convenient tool for lipases and esterases assays (2017)

We have proposed a novel assay for lipases and esterases activity determination based on potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Enzyme preparations, obtained from the living cells, are complex mixtures of various proteins, short peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, and other compounds. The most commonly used quantitative methods in enzyme studies are based on spectrophotometric or spectroflourimetric protocols which has significant limitations. They are not valid for samples that are turbid or strongly colored. To overcome those drawbacks we have proposed an assay based on potentiometry with ISEs for lipases and esterases activity determination. This electrochemical methodology represents an attractive tool for enzyme analysis, because of its low detection limit, independence from sample volume and from sample turbidity. The usefulness of this assay has been proven by the determination of the activity of various raw enzymes "acetone powders" isolated from animal tissues. Moreover, activities of fractions obtained during purification of one of those raw biocatalysts were also determined that way. The reliability of determination enzyme activity with ISE assay was proven by comparison with a classical spectrophotometric method.
X-ray imaeg contrast enhancement based on tissue attenuation (2014)

X-ray imaging is an efficient tool for health inspection. The energy of received X-ray could reveal the density inside human body and be represented in an X-ray image. In general, the bright regions of an X-ray image are of interest since most important matters compactly locating in those regions. However, the low contrast property of the bright regions makes inspectors hard to tell the details. Hence, contrast enhancement of X-ray images especially in the bright regions becomes critical. In the paper, unlike previous algorithms which work well in the dark regions, we thus proposed a tissue attenuation method to enhance the bright regions. We assume the X-ray intensity is composed of tissues and other important details. By locally attenuating the ratios of tissues over the image, we could adaptively enhance the important details especially in the bright regions. To adjust the ratios, a two-step procedure was proposed. First, the tissue component was separated from a given image based on local contrast maximization. Second, an attenuation adjustment was performed to control the ratio of removable tissues in order to correctly enhance contrast. Experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Transient depolarization and spontaneous voltage fluctuations in isolated single cells from guinea pig ventricles. Calcium-mediated membrane potential fluctuations. (1982)

Under the influence of cardiotonic steroids, single ventricular cells exhibit transient depolarization after a train of driven action potentials or, in voltage clamp experiments, transient inward current after a depolarizing clamp pulse. Transient depolarization or transient inward current was abolished by an intracellular injection of ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or by superfusion of 5 mM caffeine. Transient depolarization was elicited even in the control Tyrode's solution by an intracellular injection of CaCl2 or augmented by an injection of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (cAMP). Along with transient depolarization or transient inward current, digitalis intoxication promoted spontaneous oscillatory fluctuations in membrane potential or in membrane current. Their power spectra showed peaks at frequencies ranging from 2 to 7 Hz, which coincided well with the frequency of repetitive transient depolarization or transient inward current. The fluctuations were eliminated by intracellular injections of EGTA and decreased in amplitude by 5 mM caffeine with a shift toward higher frequencies. Depolarization of the membrane caused a shift of the spectrum peak toward higher frequencies. These results suggest that an oscillatory release of Ca from intracellular storage sites is the common basis underlying both the transient events (depolarization or inward current) and the spontaneous miniature fluctuations in membrane potential or current.
Synthesis of N,N-Diethyl, N-Methyl Chitosan Chloride with Certain Quaternization Degree and Molecular Spectroscopic and Thermo-Morphological Study of the Alkylation (2018)

The quartenizeid chloride derivative of natural polyaminosaccharide chitosan was synthesized in two stages with acetate aldehyde and methyl iodide chemical reaction and ion replacement, which could be soluble in the water and wide pH ranges. The synthesis of the homopolymer was initially carried out with acetate aldehyde in Schiff reaction, and reduction was held on with the presence of NaBH 4 . The quaternization was accomplished in the acetonitrile medium with methyl iodine by continuous exposure of N 2 .7-8% quartenized N,N-diethyl, N-methyl chitosan iodine were synthesized with 89-91% yield, obtained by deprotonation of amine groups, with reaction of CH 3 J and N,N-diethyl chitosan. The ion exchange was carried out at 10% NaCl solution during 24 hours and N,N-diethyl, N-methyl chitosan chloride was obtained. Synthesis was performed with simpler and chemically effective methods compared to previous studies. The structure of product was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, SEM, TGA, DTA and elemental analysis was determined. Functional changes in the structure of macromolecules were monitored with NMR and UV-Vis, and it was proved that, the main intermediate product was composed to be N,N-diethyl carbocation carrying &gt;C=N-chromophore group. The increasing percent of carbon in content while alkylation is depeering and the presence of halogenated ions (Cl - or J - ) after quaternization were observed. It has been determined that, the solubility of N,N-diethyl,N-methyl chitosan chloride or iodide in water and in pH =1-10 increased frequently. Key words. Chitosan; alkylation; diethylmethyl chitosan iodine; quartenization; UV-Vis; NMR
ORACLE: Optimized Radio clAssification through Convolutional neuraL nEtworks (2018)

This paper describes the architecture and performance of ORACLE, an approach for detecting a unique radio from a large pool of bit-similar devices (same hardware, protocol, physical address, MAC ID) using only IQ samples at the physical layer. ORACLE trains a convolutional neural network (CNN) that balances computational time and accuracy, showing 99\% classification accuracy for a 16-node USRP X310 SDR testbed and an external database of $&gt;$100 COTS WiFi devices. Our work makes the following contributions: (i) it studies the hardware-centric features within the transmitter chain that causes IQ sample variations; (ii) for an idealized static channel environment, it proposes a CNN architecture requiring only raw IQ samples accessible at the front-end, without channel estimation or prior knowledge of the communication protocol; (iii) for dynamic channels, it demonstrates a principled method of feedback-driven transmitter-side modifications that uses channel estimation at the receiver to increase differentiability for the CNN classifier. The key innovation here is to intentionally introduce controlled imperfections on the transmitter side through software directives, while minimizing the change in bit error rate. Unlike previous work that imposes constant environmental conditions, ORACLE adopts the `train once deploy anywhere' paradigm with near-perfect device classification accuracy.
Multiple roles of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 and its selective inhibitors. (1997)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxides. In addition to constitutive COX-1, inducible COX-2 has been discovered. COX-2 is induced not only in acute exudative rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy, but in granuloma formation/proliferative inflammation for the acceleration of angiogenesis. This means that COX-2 is induced in the healing process of wounds such as in granuloma of gastric ulcer and the proliferative stage of endometrium. COX-2 is also introduced in ovulation and parturition. Osteoblasts induce COX-2 to accelerate bone absorption. Induction of COX-2 in colon carcinoma is a recent, very exciting topic of investigation. We can learn about many unknown roles of COX-2 from its knockout mouse, but the results must be interpreted cautiously. Development of selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as NS-398, opened a new era in which the side effects of gastric and renal lesions by NSAIDs could be ignored. However, prolongation of would healing by the inhibitors and transient expression of COX-2 must be considered in medical intervention with selective COX-2 inhibitors. Nevertheless, acute exudative inflammation, granuloma formation and bone absorption in rheumatoid arthritis are good targets for these inhibitors and application of these inhibitors will be extended to dysmenorrhea, interruption of abortion and increasing survival rate of patients with colon carcinoma.
Reply to Karplus: Conformational dynamics have no role in the chemical step (2010)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The association between workplace bullying and suicidal behaviour: A register-based prospective study of 98,330 participants in Denmark (2020)

<b>Aim:</b> To present a protocol for the analysis of the prospective association between workplace bullying and suicidal behaviour. <b> </b> <b>Method:</b> The analyses will be carried out on a sample of 98,330 participants (64% women, n=62,582) taken from a pooled dataset of nine Danish questionnaire-based surveys (2004-2014) including self-reported measures of workplace bullying. The pooled dataset is linked to national register-based data on suicidal behaviour. We will fit multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to estimate Hazard Ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals for the association between baseline workplace bullying and subsequent suicidal behaviour of any type (suicide attempt and death by suicide combined), adjusting for sex, age, living status, socio-economic status and previous history of psychiatric morbidity. We will have an 80% chance of detecting a hazard ratio of 1.67 for suicidal behaviour of any type, a hazard ratio of 1.74 for suicide attempt, and a hazard ratio of 2.54 for death by suicide. <b> </b> <b>Results:</b> The study results will be reported in an English-language manuscript to be submitted to peer-reviewed research journals. <b> </b> <b>Conclusion:</b> The data available for this study are adequate to examine the prospective associations between workplace bullying and suicidal behaviour of any type (suicide attempt and death by suicide combined). The purpose of this protocol is to reduce risk of data-driven findings.<br>
Ameliorative effect of Noni fruit extract on streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in mice (2013)

This study evaluated the effects of a standardized ethyl acetate extract of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) fruit on impairment of memory, brain energy metabolism, and cholinergic function in intracerebral streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. STZ (0.5 mg/kg) was administered twice at an interval of 48 h. Noni (50 and 100 mg/kg, postoperatively) was administered for 21 days following STZ administration. Memory function was evaluated using Morris Water Maze and passive avoidance tests, and brain levels of cholinergic function, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were estimated. STZ caused memory impairment in Morris Water Maze and passive avoidance tests along with reduced brain levels of ATP, BDNF, and acetylcholine and increased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress. Treatment with Noni extract (100 mg/kg) prevented the STZ-induced memory impairment in both behavioral tests along with reduced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased brain levels of BDNF, acetylcholine, and ATP level. The study shows the beneficial effects of Noni fruit against STZ-induced memory impairment, which may be attributed to improved brain energy metabolism, cholinergic neurotransmission, BDNF, and antioxidative action.
Le voci e il silenzio (2020)

Il contributo recupera testimonianze dirette di rom e sinti relative a persecuzione e sterminio durante il nazifascismo per costruire una narrazione legata ai percorsi educativi nel presente e ad una rielaborazione di memoria in contesto formativo.&#13;\nThe essay recovers direct testimonies from Roma and Sinti relating to persecution and extermination during Nazi-fascism to build a narrative linked to educational paths in the present and to a re-elaboration of memory in an educational context.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma sp. PR‐35 of Paeonia delavayi (2011)

A new bisabolane-type sesquiterpene, trichoderic acid (1), and a new acorane-type sesquiterpene, 2β-hydroxytrichoacorenol (2), along with three known compounds, cyclonerodiol (3), cyclonerodiol oxide (4), and sorbicillin (5), were isolated from the culture broth of Trichoderma sp. PR-35, an endophytic fungus isolated from Paeonia delavayi. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their IR, MS, and 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of 1-5 towards various types of bacteria and fungi were tested. Most of the compounds showed moderate or weak antimicrobial activities in an agar-diffusion assay.
Icosahedral quasicrystalline phase formation in Zr-Al-Ni-Cu glassy alloys by addition of Nb, Ta and V elements (2001)

It is found that an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase is formed in the Zr-Al-Ni-Cu glassy alloy by addition of Nb, Ta or V elements. The icosahedral phase was confirmed as a primary precipitation phase in the melt-spun Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5X5 (X=Nb, Ta or V) glassy alloys with a two-stage crystallization process after the distinct glass transition. The onset temperature of the transformation from glass to icosahedral phase is 705 K for Nb, 710 K for Ta and 702 K for V at the heating rate of 0.67 Ks-1. The size of the icosahedral particles is in the range of 10 to 50 nm. The second crystallization reaction results in the formation of Zr2Cu + Zr2Ni + Zr3Al2 phases through a sharp exothermic reaction. The formation of a nano scale icosahedral phase in the Zr-Al-Ni-Cu glassy alloy by addition of Nb, Ta or V, as well as noble metals, indicates that the increase of the nucleation rate contributes to the precipitation of the icosahedral phase, leading to the concept that the icosahedral short-range order exists in the glassy state in the Zr-Al-Ni-Cu alloy.