gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
D1 and D2 antagonists reverse the effects of appetite suppressants on weight loss, food intake, locomotion, and rebalance spiking inhibition in the rat NAc shell (2015)

Obesity is a worldwide health problem that has reached epidemic proportions. To ameliorate this problem, one approach is the use of appetite suppressants. These compounds are frequently amphetamine congeners such as diethylpropion (DEP), phentermine (PHEN), and bupropion (BUP), whose effects are mediated through serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopaminergic pathways. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell receives dopaminergic inputs and is involved in feeding and motor activity. However, little is known about how appetite suppressants modulate its activity. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and neuronal NAc shell responses to short-term treatments of DEP, PHEN, and BUP. These compounds caused a transient decrease in weight and food intake while increasing locomotion, stereotypy, and insomnia. They evoked a large inhibitory imbalance in NAc shell spiking activity that correlated with the onset of locomotion and stereotypy. Analysis of the local field potentials (LFPs) showed that all three drugs modulated beta, theta, and delta oscillations. These oscillations do not reflect an aversive-malaise brain state, as ascertained from taste aversion experiments, but tracked both the initial decrease in weight and food intake and the subsequent tolerance to these drugs. Importantly, the appetite suppressant-induced weight loss and locomotion were markedly reduced by intragastric (and intra-NAc shell) infusions of dopamine antagonists SCH-23390 (D1 receptor) or raclopride (D2 receptor). Furthermore, both antagonists attenuated appetite suppressant-induced LFP oscillations and partially restored the imbalance in NAc shell activity. These data reveal that appetite suppressant-induced behavioral and neuronal activity recorded in the NAc shell depend, to various extents, on dopaminergic activation and thus point to an important role for D1/D2-like receptors (in the NAc shell) in the mechanism of action for these anorexic compounds.
PET probes for oncology (2012)

Although current clinical PET imaging of cancer predominantly utilizes the glycolysis probe, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a large effort is being made to discover, develop and clinically implement novel PET probes to evaluate other aspects of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell biology. In this chapter, we discuss the major areas of novel PET probe development with emphasis on those probes that have been implemented in clinical studies and may be in routine use in some PET imaging centers. We have structured each section with an introduction to the significance of the targeted biological process, a brief description of the synthesis of the probe, and a summary of the reported clinical applications. It is shown that PET probes represent a growing armamentarium for use in diagnosing and monitoring treatment of human tumors.
Synthesis of a Novel Thiazolidinedione and Evaluation of Its Modulatory Effect on IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-22 Production in PBMCs from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (2013)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease frequently characterized by chronic synovitis of multiple joints. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves many proinflammatory cytokines as Th17 related ones. PPAR γ is a nuclear receptor activator that represses proinflammatory gene expression. Thus, this work aimed to synthetize a new thiazolidinedione (TZD) analogue based on a well-known anti-inflammatory and PPAR γ agonist activity of this ring and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. After chemical structure confirmation, the compound named 5-(5-bromo-2-methoxy-benzylidene)-3-(2-nitro-benzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione TM17 was submitted to cytokine releasing inhibition and PPAR γ genetic modulation assays. The new compound showed no toxicity on human and murine cells, decreasing IL-6 secretion by murine splenocytes and reducing IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN- γ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with RA. TM17 was more efficient in modulating the mRNA expression of PPAR γ than its well-used TZD agonist rosiglitazone. Surprisingly, TM17 was efficient on IL-17A and IFN- γ reduction, like the positive control methylprednisolone, and presented a better effect on IL-22 levels. In conclusion, PBMCs obtained from RA patients under TM17 treatment present a significant reduction in IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN- γ levels, but not IL-6 when compared with nontreated cells, as well as increase PPAR γ mRNA expression in absence of stimulus addressing it as a promising molecule in RA treatment.
A novel SST transmitter with mutually decoupled impedance self-calibration and equalization (2011)

A low power source-synchronous source-series- terminated (SST) transmitter (Tx) in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. The Tx, comprised of nine data/control channels, a forwarded-clock channel and one PLL, merely dissipates 26.2 mW/channel while exhibiting a 750 mV differential eye height at 6.4 Gbps. The SST drivers can save ¾ output stage power of CML ones, and moreover, the proposed novel topology can independently control impedance self-calibration and equalization. To implement half-rate architecture, the PVT- tolerant PLL provides a pair of quadrature clocks with 2.5 ps rms cycle to cycle jitters running at 3.2 GHz.
Optimization and Modelling of The Analysis of Pleuromutilin Antibiotic Extracted From Biomass (2010)

International audience
Recombinant bovine zona pellucida glycoproteins ZP3 and ZP4 coexpressed in Sf9 cells form a sperm‐binding active hetero‐complex (2007)

The zona pellucida (ZP) is a transparent envelope that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and mediates species-selective sperm-egg interactions. Porcine and bovine ZPs are composed of the glycoproteins ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. We previously established an expression system for porcine ZP glycoproteins (ZPGs) using baculovirus in insect Sf9 cells. Here we established a similar method for expression of bovine ZPGs. The recombinant ZPGs were secreted into the medium and purified by metal-chelating column chromatography. A mixture of bovine recombinant ZP3 (rZP3) and rZP4 coexpressed in Sf9 cells exhibited inhibitory activity for bovine sperm-ZP binding similar to that of a native bovine ZPG mixture, whereas neither bovine rZP3 nor rZP4 inhibited binding. An immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the coexpressed rZP3/rZP4 formed a hetero-complex. We examined the functional domain structure of bovine rZP4 by constructing ZP4 mutants lacking the N-terminal domain or lacking both the N-terminal and trefoil domains. When either of these mutant proteins was coexpressed with bovine rZP3, the resulting mixtures exhibited inhibitory activity comparable to that of the bovine rZP3/rZP4 complex. Hetero-complexes of bovine rZP3 and porcine rZP4, or porcine rZP3 and bovine rZP4, also inhibited bovine sperm-ZP binding. Our results demonstrate that the N-terminal and trefoil domains of bovine rZP4 are dispensable for formation of the sperm-binding active bovine rZP3/rZP4 complex and, furthermore, that the molecular interactions between rZP3 and rZP4 are conserved in the bovine and porcine systems.
Application Framework with Demand-Driven Mashup for Selective Browsing (2020)

This paper proposes a mashup framework for creating flexible mashup applications in which the user can selectively browse through mashup items. Our framework provides a data management engine for on-demand data generation, and GUI components called widgets that can be used to browse through mashed-up data selectively. The application developer has to only prepare a mashup relation specifying the web service combinations and widget configurations specifying how to display the mashed-up data. On the basis of these configurations, widgets monitor user interactions and requests data from the data management engine that processes the demand-driven creation of mashed-up data. To enable selective browsing, a table widget, for instance, allows selection of columns to be displayed, provides a limited view with scroll bars, and filtering facilities. Our framework also offers a mechanism for widget coordination where a widget can change the display target according to states or events of other widgets. We introduce a sample application for tour planning using five cooperative widgets, and discuss the usability and performance advantages of our framework.
Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Comb-Line Antenna Using Reflection-Canceling Slit Structure (2010)

A microstrip comb-line antenna is developed in the millimeter-wave band. When the element spacing is one guide wavelength for the broadside beam in the traveling-wave excitation, reflections from all the radiating elements are synthesized in phase. Therefore, the return loss increases significantly. Furthermore, re-radiation from elements due to the reflection wave degrades the design accuracy for the required radiation pattern. We propose the way to improve the reflection characteristic of the antenna with arbitrary beam directions including strictly a broadside direction. To suppress the reflection, we propose a reflection-canceling slit structure installed on the feeding line around each radiating element. A 27-element linear array antenna with a broadside beam is developed at 76.5 GHz. To confirm the feasibility of the simple design procedure, the performance is evaluated through the measurement in the millimeter-wave band.
Procalcitonin as an acute phase marker (2001)

Procalcitonin is a 14-kDa protein encoded by the Calc-I gene along with calcitonin and katacalcin. The function and regulation of this protein are quite different from those of the other gene products. Blood concentrations of procalcitonin are increased in systemic inflammation, especially when this is caused by bacterial infection. Studies of its behaviour in patients with bacterial sepsis have led to the proposal that it may be a useful marker of systemic bacterial infection, with greater specificity and sensitivity than acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein.
Restoring Thermorheological Simplicity in Miscible Polymer Blends: How Many Hydrogen Bonds Are Required? (2010)

The linear viscoelastic properties of blends of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) with poly(styrene) (PS), poly(styrene-stat-vinylphenol) (PSVPh) copolymers, and poly(vinylphenol) (PVPh) in different proportions were measured over a wide temperature range (0−160 °C). All blends were miscible over the temperature and composition ranges covered. The amount of hydrogen bonding was tuned by using copolymers with varying mole fractions of vinylphenol units (10%, 20%, and 50%). The time−temperature superposition principle (tTS) was used to create master curves from the rheological data. For some PS/PVME and PSVPh/PVME blends there was a clear failure of tTS. In contrast, tTS was successful for all the PVPh/PVME blends and PSVPh/PVME blends with higher vinylphenol content, despite much higher differences between the component Tgs. These results confirm that the dynamic response of two polymers can be effectively coupled in the presence of sufficient hydrogen-bonding interactions, whereby the temperature dependences of the two-component relaxation times become equivalent. By using an established model for predicting the extent of hydrogen bonding, the concentration of hydrogen bonds necessary to couple the dynamic behavior, as reflected by the success of tTS, was estimated. The size of the associated “control volume” is comparable to the Kuhn length.
Does the Antitumoral Activity of Platinum(IV) Derivatives Result from their in Vivo Reduction? (1983)

The antitumoral activity of some octahedral platinum(IV) and square-planar platinum(II) derivatives against Yoshida ascites tumor in the rat is reported. It is shown that only those octahedral platinum(IV) complexes which give active reduction products are active. These results support the hypothesis that the antitumor activity of octahedral complexes involves activation by in vivo reduction. Anticancer drugs functioning by this mechanism may be preferentially toxic to or may localize in hypoxic areas of tumors.
An authorization model for multi provider queries (2017)

We present a novel approach for the specification and enforcement of authorizations that enables controlled data sharing for collaborative queries in the cloud. Data authorities can establish authorizations regulating access to their data distinguishing three visibility levels (no visibility, encrypted visibility, and plaintext visibility). Authorizations are enforced in the query execution by possibly restricting operation assignments to other parties and by adjusting visibility of data on-the-fly. Our approach enables users and data authorities to fully enjoy the benefits and economic savings of the competitive open cloud market, while maintaining control over data.
On the way to 3G networks: the GPRS/EDGE concept (2003)

This work describes the principles and use of GPRS. The main problems of transition towards the UMTS are also stated.
The Development of the Mirror Advanced Reactor Study (MARS) End Plasma Technology System (1983)

An End Plasma System was designed for the MARS tandem mirror reactor. This includes an electrostatic direct converter, a halo plasma scraper, a vacuum pumping system, and a vacuum enclosure. The converter recovers 327 MW of electrical power and absorbs 239 MW of thermal power from the charged particle energy in the plasma fans. The system provides the vacuum pumping necessary to remove the helium ash, accompanying fuel ions, and impurities present in the reactor. It also provides a means to control the central cell plasma potential relative to the first wall.
Damage Evolution in Thermal Barrier Coatings with Thermal Cycling (2011)

Thermal barrier coatings typically fail on cooling after prolonged thermal cycling or isothermal exposure. The mechanics of spalling requires that first a critical sized portion of the coating separates from the underlying material, then buckles and finally spalls away. The critical size for buckling depends on the thickness of the coating but is several millimeters for typical zirconia coatings 150 μm thick. As‐deposited coatings do not have interface separations but they form on thermal cycling as described in this work based on observations of coating cross‐sections combined with the stress redistribution in the thermally grown oxide imaged using a piezospectroscopic luminescence method. Analysis of the images reveals that small, isolated regions of damage initially form and then grow, linking up and coalescing to form percolating structures across the coating until the buckling condition is attained, the buckle extends and failure occurs by spallation. The piezospectroscopic imaging of the stresses in the thermally grown oxide formed by oxidation beneath thermal barrier coatings provides a form of “stress tomography” enabling the subcritical separations to be monitored.
Analysis of Associated Structures of Rhodamine B Adsorbed at Interfaces by Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy (2006)

第二高調波発生（second harmonic generation，SHG）分光法は，表面•界面領域でのみ発現する二次の非線形光学現象を利用した表面•界面の選択的分光分析手法であり，吸着分子の吸着量や分子配向性解析等へ応用されている．著者らは，SHGの入射レーザー波長依存性であるSHGスペクトルが界面吸着分子の電子スペクトルに対応する点に着目し，SHGスペクトル測定装置の開発を行い，界面吸着分子の状態解析への応用を行ってきた．本論文では，装置の概略及び測定条件について述べるとともに，SHGスペクトル測定によりローダミンBのヘプタン/水界面あるいは石英/水界面における特徴的な会合状態について明らかにした．
Subband noise estimation for speech enhancement using a perceptual Wiener filter (2003)

The paper proposes a fast noise estimation algorithm for speech enhancement using a perceptual Wiener filter. The noisy speech is decomposed using a critical-band-rate filterbank so that a perceptual modification of Wiener filtering can be applied in speech denoising. The subband noise estimate is updated by adaptively smoothing the noisy signal power. The smoothing parameter is chosen as a function of the estimated signal-to-noise ratio. This noise estimation technique gives accurate results even at very low signal-to-noise ratios, and works continuously, even in the presence of speech. It is effective for both non-stationary and coloured noise. Enhanced speech of good quality is obtained by the perceptual Wiener filter.
Reliability and security of RAID storage systems and D2D archives using SATA disk drives (2005)

Information storage reliability and security is addressed by using personal computer disk drives in enterprise-class nearline and archival storage systems. The low cost of these serial ATA (SATA) PC drives is a tradeoff against drive reliability design and demonstration test levels, which are higher in the more expensive SCSI and Fibre Channel drives. This article discusses the tradeoff between SATA which has the advantage that fewer higher capacity drives are needed for a given system storage capacity, which further reduces cost and allows higher drive failure rates, and the use of additional storage system redundancy and drive failure prediction to maintain system data integrity using less reliable drives. RAID stripe failure probability is calculated using typical ATA and SCSI drive failure rates, for single and double parity data reconstruction failure, and failure due to drive unrecoverable block errors. Reliability improvement from drive failure prediction is also calculated, and can be significant. Today's SATA drive specifications for unrecoverable block errors appear to allow stripe reconstruction failure, and additional in-drive parity blocks are suggested as a solution. The possibility of using low cost disks data for backup and archiving is discussed, replacing higher cost magnetic tape. This requires significantly better RAID stripe failure probability, and suitable drive technology alternatives are discussed. The failure rate of nonoperating drives is estimated using failure analysis results from ≈4000 drives. Nonoperating RAID stripe failure rates are thereby estimated. User data security needs to be assured in addition to reliability, and to extend past the point where physical control of drives is lost, such as when drives are removed from systems for data vaulting, repair, sale, or discard. Today, over a third of resold drives contain unerased user data. Security is proposed via the existing SATA drive secure-erase command, or via the existing SATA drive password commands, or by data encryption. Finally, backup and archival disc storage is compared to magnetic tape, a technology with a proven reliability record over the full half-century of digital data storage. In contrast, tape archives are not vulnerable to tape transport failure modes. Only failure modes in the archived tapes and reels will make data unrecoverable.
Background subtraction for NIF large optics interferometry measurements (2002)

Direct and statistical background subtraction were tested for Fourier bandpass filtered Brewster’s angle transmitted wavefront measurements. An inference has alos been made about statistical subtraction for reflected wavefront measurements.
Large-format image sensors based on custom Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays (2018)

Over the past 20 years, we have developed arrays of custom-fabricated silicon and InP Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays, CMOS readout circuits to digitally count or time stamp single-photon detection events, and techniques to integrate these two components to make back-illuminated solid-state image sensors for lidar, optical communications, and passive imaging. Starting with 4 × 4 arrays, we have recently demonstrated 256 × 256 arrays, and are working to scale to megapixel-class imagers. In this paper, we review this progress and discuss key technical challenges to scaling to large format.
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) : Neuer Name mit alter Tradition (2005)

Der Mikrobiologe Friedrich Loeffler –
Ordinarius fur Hygiene an der Universitat
Greifswald und Schuler Robert Kochs –
etablierte vor knapp 100 Jahren auf der
Ostseeinsel Riems die erste virologische
Forschungsstatte der Welt. Von 1952 bis
1991 trug die Einrichtung bereits den Namen
ihres Grunders, im Zuge der Wiedervereinigung
Deutschlands wurden die
neugegrundeten Riemser Institute Teil der
BFAV. Seit 1997 hat die Bundesforschungsanstalt
auf der Insel ihren Hauptsitz.
Eine Erweiterung ihrer Aufgaben erfuhr
die Einrichtung durch die BSE-Krise
und die sich anschliesende Neuorganisation
des Verbraucherschutzes.
Transformers for Urban Sound Classification—A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation (2022)

Many relevant sound events occur in urban scenarios, and robust classification models are required to identify abnormal and relevant events correctly. These models need to identify such events within valuable time, being effective and prompt. It is also essential to determine for how much time these events prevail. This article presents an extensive analysis developed to identify the best-performing model to successfully classify a broad set of sound events occurring in urban scenarios. Analysis and modelling of Transformer models were performed using available public datasets with different sets of sound classes. The Transformer models' performance was compared to the one achieved by the baseline model and end-to-end convolutional models. Furthermore, the benefits of using pre-training from image and sound domains and data augmentation techniques were identified. Additionally, complementary methods that have been used to improve the models' performance and good practices to obtain robust sound classification models were investigated. After an extensive evaluation, it was found that the most promising results were obtained by employing a Transformer model using a novel Adam optimizer with weight decay and transfer learning from the audio domain by reusing the weights from AudioSet, which led to an accuracy score of 89.8% for the UrbanSound8K dataset, 95.8% for the ESC-50 dataset, and 99% for the ESC-10 dataset, respectively.
Spatial mode control of VCSELs using micromirrors fabricated and replicated in semiconductor materials (2003)

Summary form only given. Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are attractive as light sources due to their desirable properties such as circular mode profile, single longitudinal mode operation and an output orthogonal to the wafer surface. The spatial modes supported by the VCSEL are determined by a complex interplay between the current, thermal lensing, and spatial hole burning. The size of the VCSEL greatly influences these effects, and aperture diameters less than 5 /spl mu/m are typically required for single spatial mode operation. Consequently, the small overall gain volume of a single-mode cw VCSEL generally restricts it to a maximum power of only a few mW. In many applications, such as optical data storage and high-speed optical communication, high-power single-transverse mode is desirable. There have been several attempts to increase modal discrimination by spatial filtering. In this paper we demonstrate spatial mode control of VCSELs using micromirrors fabricated in gallium phosphide (GaP). Our approach is based on the idea of using an integrated micromirror for spatially filtering the VCSEL beam in the far-field.
Relationship between Thermoelectric Properties and Microstructure on p-Type (Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.25</sub>(Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.75</sub> System Using Milled Powder (1996)

Semiconducting ceramics of p-type bismuth telluride by hot pressing the milled powders of (Bi2Te3)0.25(Sb2Te3)0.75 particle size of 1.9μm and 0.29mass% impurity oxygen was fabricated. These ceramics showed a maximum figure of merit of 2.4×10-3K-1 at 25°C when the grain size was 5μm because their thermal conductivity apparently became the lowest possibly due to enhanced phonon scattering at grain boundaries. Their thermoelectric properties did not exhibit anisotropy due to their isotropic microstructure with no grain orientation.