gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copolymers obtained by means of anionic ring‐opening polymerization. Poly(2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate‐tapered‐ϵ‐caprolactone) (1988)

Abstract The anionic ring‐opening polymerization of mixtures of 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and ϵ‐caprolactone in toluene as solvent, with sec ‐butyllithium or potassium dihydronaphthylide as initiator, results in the formation of polymers of the (A‐X‐B) n type, where A represents a poly(2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) block, B represents a poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) block and X stands for a block of the two monomers with a composition gradient; n represents the number of portions by which the monomer mixture is added to the initiator or the living system. From the time‐conversion curves it follows that the reactivity of the carbonate monomer is higher than that of the lactone. This difference in reactivity of the monomers is the reason for the special polymer architecture represented by (A‐X‐B) n . The properties of these polymers depend upon the ratio of the monomers and the number n of additions. The polymers are characterized by spectroscopic, thermoanalytical, and thermomechanical measurements.
Properties and Origin of Filamentous Appendages on Spores of Bacillus cereus (1985)

Some physical, chemical, and immunological properties of filamentous appendages and the exosporium on the spores of Bacillus cereus were examined for the purpose of elucidating the origin of filamentous appendages. The main components of both filamentous appendages and the exosporium were protein and their amino acid compositions were similar in point of a high content of glycine, alanine, threonine, valine, and acidic amino acids and a low content of basic and sulphur-containing amino acids. Treatment with 1 N NaOH at 50 C solubilized the isolated appendages completely and the isolated exosporia partially. In both preparations the solubilized proteins consisted of highly acidic monomeric subunits with molecular weights between 2,000 and 5,000. Treatment of the spores with 2% 2-mercaptoethanol at 37 C resulted in the isolation of long filamentous appendages without segmentation. When the spores were treated with 10% 2-mercaptoethanol, there was partial destruction of the exosporium as well as detachment of the filamentous appendages. There was a common antigenic component in the exosporium and the tips of the filamentous appendages. Five strains of B. cereus having a common appendage antigen also had a common exosporium antigen, whereas six other strains had neither a common appendage antigen nor a common exosporium antigen. From these facts it was concluded that the filamentous appendages arose from the exosporium.
Interactive Effect of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Leaf Anthocyanins, Tissue Nutrient Concentrations, and Dry‐Matter Yield of Floralta Limpograss during Short Day Length (2008)

Abstract A field trial was conducted during the short‐day period of 2004–2005 at Ona, Fl., to study the factorial effect of nitrogen (67, 90, and 134 kg N ha−1) and phosphorus (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 kg P ha−1) rates on forage dry‐matter yield, quality, nutrient uptake, and leaf pigment concentration of limpograss (Hemarthria altissima). The N and P fertilizers were applied 45 days before each of two harvests. There was no interaction between N and P rates on any of the measured variables. Cool‐season forage yield increased curvilinearly from 137 to 350 kg ha−1 in winter and 237 to 1389 kg ha−1 in early spring, whereas crude protein (CP) concentration increased from 145 to 158 g kg−1, as P was increased from 0 to 40 kg ha−1, but yield and CP were not affected by N rate. There was a decreasing linear relationship between leaf concentration of anthocyanins and P rate of application such that forage obtained with 0 kg P ha−1 had 61% more leaf anthocyanins and purple pigmentation than with 40 kg P ha−1. There was no effect of N on anthocyanins content. It was concluded that increased level of leaf anthocyanins was due to the cumulative stress from cool weather and lower plant‐tissue P levels, which resulted in reduced growth and yield of limpograss. In cool weather, P played a critical role in controlling leaf purple pigmentation and forage yield.
Fluctuation near the Instability Point in the Linear Feedback Oscillator (1981)

Fluctuation near the hard mode and the soft mode instability points in the linear feedback oscillator are studied experimentally and theoretically in detail. The current i and the charge q are measured and analyzed by using a spectrum-correlation analyzer. A critical slowing-down phenomenon and an anomalous increase of the variance < q 2 > are demonstrated both in the hard mode and the soft mode instabilities, but the variance < i 2 > increases only in the hard mode case. The irreversible circulation of the fluctuation in i - q space, α i q , is experimentally obtained. The equality α i q =< i 2 > obtained in the present work demonstrates the considerable increase of α i q only in the hard mode instability. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.
Steganography Detection by Means of Neural Networks (2008)

Cryptography is one of very much spoken word nowadays. Security of messages transfer is very important and specialists have a work to think a new cryptography up. Cryptography, on the other hand, can be and is very often used by jailbirds, so cryptanalysts have also very important job to detect and reveal and then decode the coded messages. Steganography is additional method leading to better secure up messages which goes hand by hand with cryptography, that why reveal of such a message is not easy. This paper deals with neural network models that are able to detect steganography content coded by a program OutGuess. Neural networks are methods which are very flexible in learning to different and difficult problems. Results in this article show that used model had almost 100% success in revealing steganography by means of OutGuess.
Physical Properties of Mass Transport Complexes in the Ursa Region, Northern Gulf of Mexico (IODP Expedition 308) Determined From Log, Core, and Seismic Data (2007)

Abstract Mass transport complexes (MTCs) in the Ursa region (northern Gulf of Mexico) are identified by their low seismic reflectivity, increased resistivity, increased bulk density, high shear strength, and decreased porosity. We integrate seismic, logging while drilling (LWD), and core data to identify MTCs and to characterize their physical properties. The seismic signature of MTCs includes high amplitude reflections at their bases and low amplitude, and often non-continuous, internal reflections. Resistivity increases in MTCs (up to 10%) creating a contrast with overlying and underlying, nondeformed sediments. Increased resistivity correlates with increased bulk density and visual observations of increased deformation. We interpret that increased density results from consolidation associated with shear deformation. This creates different resistivity-density relations for MTCs and non-failed sediments. Undrained shear strength measured on cores increases by as much as 20% in MTCs where resistivity and density are high. Consolidation during shear deformation also decreased permeability of mudstones in this basin. The combination of rapid deposition and low permeability may have contributed to shallow overpressure in the Ursa region. Introduction Mass transport complexes (MTCs) are sedimentary bodies that have experienced downslope migration and various degrees of internal deformation. Previous studies have evaluated the geometry and stratigraphy of MTCs using 2D and 3D geophysical data [e.g., 1,2]. Other studies have related the distribution and size of MTCs to natural disasters associated with submarine slope failures. In few instances natural disasters have been observed as direct result of slope failures. The 1929 Grand Banks tsunami was caused by an earthquake-induced submarine landslide that damaged oceanic infrastructure and caused deaths onshore [3]. In 1998, an earthquake-triggered MTC produced a tsunami that killed &amp;gt;2000 people on Papua New Guinea [4]. In addition to human fatalities, submarine landslides have also caused direct damage to coastal facilities (e.g., the Nice airport, France [5], and Finneidfjord, Norway [6]). Detailed physical and sedimentological characterizations of MTCs have allowed the oil industry to better identify hydrocarbon reservoirs and seals [e.g., 7] and has been used to evaluate physical properties that may impact shallow infrastructure [8].
Alpha-Helix-Inducing Dimerization of Synthetic Polypeptide Scaffolds on Gold (2005)

Designed, synthetic polypeptides that assemble into four-helix bundles upon dimerization in solution were studied with respect to folding on planar gold surfaces. A model system with controllable dimerization properties was employed, consisting of negatively and positively charged peptides. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance based measurements showed that at neutral pH, the peptides were able to form heterodimers in solution, but unfavorable electrostatic interactions prevented the formation of homodimers. The dimerization propensity was found to be both pH- and buffer-dependent. A series of infrared absorption-reflection spectroscopy experiments of the polypeptides attached to planar gold surfaces revealed that if the negatively charged peptide was immobilized from a loading solution where it was folded, its structure was retained on the surface provided it had a cysteine residue available for anchoring to gold. If it was immobilized as random coil, it remained unstructured on the surface but was able to fold through heterodimerization if subsequently exposed to a positively charged polypeptide. When the positively charged peptide was immobilized as random coil, heterodimerization could not be induced, probably because of high-affinity interactions between the charged primary amine groups and the gold surface. These observations are intended to pave the way for future engineering of functional surfaces based on polypeptide scaffolds where folding is known to be crucial for function.
Ethanol Tolerance in Yeasts (1986)

It is now certain that the inherent ethanol tolerance of the Saccharomyces strain used is not the prime factor regulating the level of ethanol that can be produced in a high sugar brewing, wine, sake, or distillery fermentation. In fact, in terms of the maximum concentration that these yeasts can produce under batch (16 to 17% [v/v]) or fed-batch conditions, there is clearly no difference in ethanol tolerance. This is not to say, however, that under defined conditions there is no difference in ethanol tolerance among different Saccharomyces yeasts. This property, although a genetic determinant, is clearly influenced by many factors (carbohydrate level, wort nutrition, temperature, osmotic pressure/water activity, and substrate concentration), and each yeast strain reacts to each factor differently. This will indeed lead to differences in measured tolerance. Thus, it is extremely important that each of these be taken into consideration when determining "tolerance" for a particular set of fermentation conditions. The manner in which each alcohol-related industry has evolved is now known to have played a major role in determining traditional thinking on ethanol tolerance in Saccharomyces yeasts. It is interesting to speculate on how different our thinking on ethanol tolerance would be today if sake fermentations had not evolved with successive mashing and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice carbohydrate, if distillers' worts were clarified prior to fermentation but brewers' wort were not, and if grape skins with their associated unsaturated lipids had not been an integral part of red wine musts. The time is now ripe for ethanol-related industries to take advantage of these findings to improve the economies of production. In the authors' opinion, breweries could produce higher alcohol beers if oxygenation (leading to unsaturated lipids) and "usable" nitrogen source levels were increased in high gravity worts. White wine fermentations could also, if desired, match the higher ethanol levels in red wines if oxygenation (to provide the unsaturated lipids deleted in part by the removal of the grape skins) were practiced and if care were given to assimilable nitrogen concentrations. This would hold true even at 10 to 14 degrees C, and the more rapid fermentations would maximize utilization of winery tankage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The spectrum of pancreatic pathology in patients with AIDS. (1990)

Clinical studies have indicated that pancreatitis is a common cause of morbidity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In order to assess the morphologic basis of this pancreatic disease, we reviewed 82 autopsies performed on AIDS patients at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Pancreatic lesions were detected in 52 (65%) of these, and could be classified into three broad categories: acinar dilatation by inspissated secretions (24 cases), acute pancreatitis (recent or remote, 18 cases), and opportunistic infections or cancers affecting the pancreas (23 cases). To better assess the importance of these lesions, particularly the acinar dilatation, 82 age-race-sex-matched controls were evaluated in a blinded comparison. The frequency of acinar dilatation and acute pancreatitis was similar in cases and controls. Only one control was found to have an opportunistic infection, and no opportunistic cancer was detected in controls. There were no unexplained lesions found in the AIDS cases which might be attributed to direct human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These data confirm clinical reports that the pancreas is frequently affected in AIDS patients. We propose that the clinical evidence of pancreatitis reported in these patients may be due to the frequent opportunistic lesions demonstrated by this series.
Integrated Analysis of the Effects of Cold and Dehydration on Rice Metabolites, Phytohormones, and (2014)

Correlations between gene expression and metabolite/phytohormone levels under abiotic stress conditions have been reported for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about these correlations in rice (Oryza sativa ‘Nipponbare’), despite its importance as a model monocot. We performed an integrated analysis to clarify the relationships among cold- and dehydrationresponsive metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcription in rice. An integrated analysis of metabolites and gene expression indicated that several genes encoding enzymes involved in starch degradation, sucrose metabolism, and the glyoxylate cycle are upregulated in rice plants exposed to cold or dehydration and that these changes are correlated with the accumulation of glucose (Glc), fructose, and sucrose. In particular, high expression levels of genes encoding isocitrate lyase and malate synthase in the glyoxylate cycle correlate with increased Glc levels in rice, but not in Arabidopsis, under dehydration conditions, indicating that the regulation oftheglyoxylatecyclemaybeinvolvedinGlcaccumulationunderdehydrationconditionsinricebutnotArabidopsis.Anintegrated analysis of phytohormones and gene transcripts revealed an inverse relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and cytokinin (CK) signaling under cold and dehydration stresses; these stresses increase ABA signaling and decrease CK signaling. High levels of Oryza sativa 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase transcripts correlate with ABA accumulation, and low levels of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 735A transcripts correlate with decreased levels of a CK precursor in rice. This reduced expression of CYP735As occurs in rice but not Arabidopsis. Therefore, transcriptional regulation of CYP735As might be involved in regulating CK levels under cold and dehydration conditions in rice but not Arabidopsis.
A novel technology for formation of a narrow active layer in buried heterostructure lasers by single-step MOCVD (1987)

A new technology of fabricating a buried heterostructure laser with a narrow active layer in a single-step MOCVD process other than the conventional two-step process is proposed. The technology is based on the separate growth on the undercut ridge. The anisotropic growth has been found to be very useful for formation of a very narrow active region in a self-aligned manner. The novel RBH laser implemented by the single-step MOCVD process has been proposed. The RBH laser has exhibited CW lasing oscillation with a threshold current as low as 30 mA at room temperature and with the circular beam spot.
Synthesis of pH-responsive tertiary amine methacrylate polymer brushes and their response to acidic vapour (2011)

Weak polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit pH-responsive swelling behaviour, tuneable surface energy, and some promise as “smart” responsive coatings. In this paper, we demonstrate the growth of two weak polybase brushes by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) using electrostatically adsorbed polyelectrolyte macro-initiators. Poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) and poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDPA) brushes of 150 and 170 nm thickness respectively were grown within 22 h at 20 °C. Using in situellipsometry an acid-induced swelling transition was observed at pH 7.4 for PDEA and pH 6.5 for PDPA, similar to the pKa values reported for the corresponding free polymer chains. The kinetics of brush swelling involves an initially fast regime followed by a subsequent slower regime. Reversible surface energy switching with pH modulation was also demonstrated by contact angle goniometry. Finally, it was demonstrated that PDPA brushes respond to the presence of acidic vapours. On exposure to humid HCl vapour, such brushes become hydrophilic, resulting in water uptake and swelling, producing a visible change in the thin film interference colour.
Anatomic Delineation of Tarsal Tunnel Innervation via Ultrasonography (2017)

On the basis of this work, we can conclude that high-resolution US is almost 100% effective as a tool for identifying the tibial nerve and its branches, enabling the specialist to make diagnoses or perform selective treatments on each nerve branch and even to design surgical interventions by observing the patient's anatomy before performing the dissection.
Serrated or Jerky flow in Metallic Glasses (2007)

International audience
The Growth of Layer-by-Layer Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Ferrocene as catalyst precursor, layer-by-layer vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown on silicon substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by decomposing acetylene twice. The SEM images showed that the intervals of the twice introduction of acetylene is a crucial factor for the interface combination of carbon nanotubes layers. Maybe we can use this interval to introduce something else to form a new layer between the two carbon nanotubes layers to synthesize new functional nano-composites.
Integrated low emissions cleanup system for coal fueled turbines Phase III bench-scale testing and evaluation (1995)

The United States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Research Center (DOE/METC), is sponsoring the development of coal-fired turbine technologies such as Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), coal Gasification Combined Cycles (GCC), and Direct Coal-Fired Turbines (DCFT). A major technical development challenge remaining for coal-fired turbine systems is high-temperature gas cleaning to meet environmental emissions standards, as well as to ensure acceptable turbine life. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Science & Technology Center, has evaluated an Integrated Low Emissions Cleanup (ILEC) concept that has been configured to meet this technical challenge. This ceramic hot gas filter (HGF), ILEC concept controls particulate emissions, while simultaneously contributing to the control of sulfur and alkali vapor contaminants in high-temperature, high-pressure, fuel gases or combustion gases. This document reports on the results of Phase III of the ILEC evaluation program, the final phase of the program. In Phase III, a bench-scale ILEC facility has been tested to (1) confirm the feasibility of the ILEC concept, and (2) to resolve some major filter cake behavior issues identified in PFBC, HGF applications.
Radiosensitization of Staphylococcus Aureus by p -hydroxybenzoic Acid (1982)

(1982). Radiosensitization of Staphylococcus Aureus by p-hydroxybenzoic Acid. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 351-356.
A study of thyroid radioiodine monitoring by Monte Carlo simulations: implications for equipment design (1997)

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to evaluate the design of collimated detectors used to measure 125I or 131I in the thyroid gland. Two detector sizes were simulated for each radioisotope: (i) for 125I monitoring 2.54 cm diameter and 7.62 cm diameter and 0.2 cm thickness and (ii) for 131I monitoring 2.54 cm diameter, 3.2 cm thickness and 7.62 cm diameter, 6.4 cm thickness. The virtual thyroid gland was 20 g. Activity was placed in both the gland and the remainder of the body in varying amounts to assess the efficacy of collimation. The results show that the detector should be sufficiently large so that its solid angle of acceptance when placed 15 cm anterior to the skin surface will include the whole of a moderately enlarged thyroid gland. Heavy collimation to reduce the contribution of extrathyroidal radioiodine within the subject's body is not normally required. It may be of more value as a positioning device and spacer ensuring an appropriate and constant neck to detector distance than in cutting down counts from extrathyroidal activity. In specifying a sensitive detector system for monitoring intrathyroidal radioiodine, a wide angle of acceptance and sufficient detector crystal thickness take precedence over collimation and shielding.
Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy of the Living Human Eye (2002)

Three-dimensional confocal microscopy of the living eye is a major development in instrumentation for biomicroscopy of the eye. This noninvasive optical technology has its roots in the application of optics to reflected light imaging of the eye. These instrument developments began with Leeuwenhoek's use of his single lens microscope to investigate the structure of the eye. There followed a series of connected instruments: the ophthalmoscope, the slit lamp, the specular microscope, and the clinical confocal microscope. In vivo confocal microscopy produces high contrast, reflected light images or optical sections through the depth of living ocular tissue. Stacks of registered optical sections can be transformed by computer visualization techniques into three-dimensional volume images of ocular tissues: cornea, ocular lens, retina, and optic nerve. The clinical confocal microscope has resulted in new diagnostic techniques and new cellular descriptions of ocular disorders and pathology.
Hand Tracking with Flocks of Features (2005)

Tracking hands in live video is a challenging task: the hand appearance can change too rapidly for appearance-based trackers to work, and color-based trackers (that do not rely on geometry) have to make limiting assumptions about the background color. This article shows the results of hand tracking with "Flocks of Features", a tracking method that combines motion cues and a learned foreground color distribution to achieve fast and robust 2D tracking of highly articulated objects. Many independent image artifacts are tracked from one frame to the next, adhering only to local constraints. This concept is borrowed from nature since these tracks mimic the flight of flocking birds - exhibiting local individualism and variability while maintaining a clustered entirety. Hand tracking has important applications for interaction with wearable computers, for intuitive manipulation of virtual objects, for detection of activity signatures, and much more. Tracking with Flocks of Features is not limited to hands - any articulated or appearance-changing object can benefit from this multi-cue tracking method.