gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Obese Smokers as a Potential Subpopulation of Risk in Tobacco Reduction Policy. (2015)

Smoking and obesity represent the largest challenges to public health. There is an established inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and smoking, but this relationship becomes more complicated among obese smokers. Smokers with higher BMI consume more cigarettes per day and may be more nicotine-dependent than lean smokers. Rates of obesity are lower among smokers than non-smokers, indicating that chronic exposure to tobacco smoke may prevent excess weight gain in people who would otherwise become obese. Furthermore, obese smokers may be more sensitive to the weight-suppressive and reinforcing effects of nicotine. Consequently, obese smokers may respond differently to reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes, a tobacco control policy being considered both in the Unites States and abroad. Here, we review the interrelationship between nicotine and obesity in the context of a potential nicotine reduction policy. We discuss the implications of nicotine-induced body weight suppression in obese smokers, as well as the possibility that obesity might increase susceptibility to smoking and nicotine dependence.
Accelerated Splatting using a 3D Adjacency Data Structure (2001)

We introduce a new acceleration to the standard splatting volume rendering algorithm. Our method achieves full colour (32-bit), depth-sorted and shaded volume rendering significantly faster than standard splatting. The speedup is due to a 3-dimensional adjacency data structure that efficiently skips transparent parts of the data and stores only the voxels that are potentially visible. Our algorithm is robust and flexible, allowing for depth sorting of the data, including correct back-to-front ordering for perspective projections. This makes interactive splatting possible for applications such as medical visualizations that rely on structure and depth information.
Determination of both the binodal and the spinodal curves in polymer blends by shear rheology (1996)

The thermorheological complexity at low frequencies in polymer blends near macrophase separation is quantitatively accounted for. The behaviour of both storage, G', and loss, G'', moduli at low frequencies as the temperature, T, approaches phase separation is due to the critical concentration fluctuations in the one-phase region. The temperature at maximum slope of the G' vs. T dependence at low frequencies is identified with the cloud point curve, whereas a plot of [(G'')2/(G'T)]2/3 vs. 1/T leads to the identification of the spinodal temperature.
High fidelity color reproduction of plasma displays under ambient lighting (2009)

This paper proposes a method of color reproduction that considers the observer's viewing conditions and characteristics of a PDP display. In general, ambient lighting requires compensation to provide the same visual perception when the temporal and spatial conditions change. In a conventional method, the image contrast and saturation are enhanced by controlling the voltage gain in each channel to consider the phenomenon of human adaptation. Yet, this method encounters difficulties in reproducing the perceived stimulus under a variety of viewing conditions. Accordingly, this study characterizes a PDP display based on the white point when considering the average picture level of the PDP display as the maximum luminance value of a PDP display varies according to the average picture level. Next, to consider the viewing conditions, information on the ambient lighting is obtained using a sensor. The flare, the reflected ambient lighting, is also eliminated on the surface of the PDP display. Finally, the color values are calculated using a modified chromatic adaptation model. In experiments, images reproduced using the proposed method were visually superior to those reproduced using a conventional method.
Deficiency of MMP1a (Matrix Metalloprotease 1a) Collagenase Suppresses Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice (2021)

[Figure: see text].
Lethality of the morphinan isomers levorphanol and dextrorphan (1973)

Significantly different (P<0.05) LD(50) values were found in Swiss-Webster mice for levorphanol (73 mg/kg, i.p.) and dextrorphan (120 mg/kg, i.p.). A subcutaneous injection of naloxone 15 min before challenge prevented the lethal effect of an LD(98) of levorphanol, with ED(50) value of 1.36 mg/kg. Naloxone, in doses from 2 to 100 mg/kg, did not prevent death caused by 150 mg/kg of either dextrorphan or levorphanol. Levorphanol was lethal for mice pretreated with 10 mg/kg of naloxone, a dose sufficient to block opiate-specific lethal effects, but the LD(50) value was 109 mg/kg, in contrast to 73 mg/kg in the absence of naloxone. By the criteria of stereospecificity and naloxone blockade, levorphanol-induced mortality in mice is a typical opiate effect in the lower of the two dose ranges studied. At higher doses of levorphanol a non-specific effect supervenes, with an LD(50) value virtually the same as that of dextrorphan.
Juvenile myeloid leukemia with fetal erythropoiesis (1972)

A case of juvenile myeloid leukemia in a 21/2-year-old girl is described. Apart from the typical clinical features encountered, this case was characterized by a fetal pattern of erythropoiesis, with exceptionally high levels of fetal hemoglobin, up to 85%, associated with decreased levels of hemoglobin A2 and carbonic anhydrase. There was also a slight elevation of the sodium content and sodium outflux in the patient's red blood cells similar to that recorded in six newborn babies. Significance of these findings is discussed in relation to current concepts of type of erythropoiesis found in this form of leukemia.
Preparation of Bulk‐Phase Nitride Perovskite LaReN3 and Topotactic Reduction to LaNiO2‐Type LaReN2 (2021)

Abstract While halide and oxide perovskites are numerous and many display outstanding properties, ABN 3 perovskite nitrides are extremely rare due to synthetic challenges arising from the low chemical potential of nitrogen and a tendency to form low‐coordination nitridometallate anions. We report the preparation of a perovskite nitride LaReN 3 through azide‐mediated oxidation at high pressure. High‐resolution synchrotron diffraction shows that LaReN 3 has a low‐symmetry, triclinic, perovskite superstructure resulting from orbital ordering with strong spin‐orbit coupling distortions. Topotactic reduction of LaReN 3 above 500 °C leads to layered tetragonal LaReN 2 via a probable LaReN 2.5 intermediate, which is the first reported example of nitride defect perovskites. Magnetisation and conductivity measurements indicate that LaReN 3 and LaReN 2 are both metallic solids. The two chemical approaches presented are expected to lead to new classes of ABN 3 and defect ABN 3− x nitride perovskite materials.
High Frequency Trading Acceleration Using FPGAs (2011)

This paper presents the design of an application specific hardware for accelerating High Frequency Trading applications. It is optimized to achieve the lowest possible latency for interpreting market data feeds and hence enable minimal round-trip times for executing electronic stock trades. The implementation described in this work enables hardware decoding of Ethernet, IP and UDP as well as of the FAST protocol which is a common protocol to transmit market feeds. For this purpose, we developed a microcode engine with a corresponding instruction set as well as a compiler which enables the flexibility to support a wide range of applied trading protocols. The complete system has been implemented in RTL code and evaluated on an FPGA. Our approach shows a 4x latency reduction in comparison to the conventional Software based approach.
An e-Infrastructure for Collaborative Research in Human Embryo Development (2009)

Within the context of the EU Design Study Developmental Gene Expression Map, we identify a set of challenges when facilitating collaborative research on early human embryo development. These challenges bring forth requirements, for which we have identified solutions and technology. We summarise our solutions and demonstrate how they integrate to form an e-infrastructure to support collaborative research in this area of developmental biology.
Beamforming design with proactive interference cancelation in MISO interference channels (2015)

Abstract In this paper, we design coordinated beamforming at base stations (BSs) to facilitate interference cancelation at users in interference networks, where each BS is equipped with multiple antennas and each user is with a single antenna. By assuming that each user can select the best decoding strategy to mitigate the interference, either canceling the interference after decoding when it is strong or treating it as noise when it is weak, we optimize the beamforming vectors that maximize the sum rate for the networks under different interference scenarios and find the solutions of beamforming with closed-form expressions. The inherent design principles are then analyzed, and the performance gain over passive interference cancelation is demonstrated through simulations in heterogeneous cellular networks.
Hierarchical aggregation of linear systems with multiple time scales (1983)

In this paper we carry out a detailed analysis of the multiple time scale behavior of singularly perturbed linear systems of the form <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\dot{x}^{\epsilon}(t) = A(\epsilon)x^{\epsilon}(t)</tex> where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A(\epsilon)</tex> is analytic in the small parameter ε. Our basic result is a uniform asymptotic approximation to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\exp A(\epsilon)t</tex> that we obtain under a certain multiple semistability condition. This asymptotic approximation gives a complete multiple time scale decomposition of the above system and specifies a set of reduced order models valid at each time scale. Our contribution is threefold. 1) We do not require that the state variables be chosen so as to display the time scale structure of the system. 2) Our formulation can handle systems with multiple ( > 2) time scales and we obtain uniform asymptotic expansions for their behavior on [ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0, \infty</tex> ]. 3) We give an aggregation method to produce increasingly simplified models valid at progressively slower time scales.
Neurogenesis and its implications for regeneration in the adult brain (2003)

Recent findings concerning the regenerative potential of the adult brain suggest a more pronounced plasticity than previously thought. One such finding is the generation of new neurons in the adult brain (neurogenesis). Loss of neurons has long been considered to be irreversible in the adult human brain, i.e., dead neurons are not replaced. The inability to generate replacement cells is thought to be an important cause of neurological disease and impairment. In most brain regions, the generation of neurons is generally confined to a discrete developmental period. Exceptions have recently been described in several regions of the brain that have been shown to generate new neurons well into the postnatal and adult period. One of the best characterized regions is the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the brain, where granule neurons are generated throughout life from a population of progenitor/ stem cells. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that neurogenesis may be of importance for memory function as well as mood disorders. Several very important questions can be formulated on the basis of these discoveries, for instance, what factors influence the generation of new neurons and whether it is possible for enhanced neurogenesis to contribute to functional recovery.
Invisible participants (2006)

The asymmetry of activity in virtual communities is of great interest. While participation in the activities of virtual communities is crucial for a community's survival and development, many people prefer lurking, that is passive attention over active participation. Lurking can be measured and perhaps affected by both dispositional and situational variables. This work investigates the concept of cultural capital as situational antecedent of lurking and de-lurking (the decision to start posting after a certain amount of lurking time). Cultural capital is defined as the knowledge that enables an individual to interpret various cultural codes. The main hypothesis states that a user's cultural capital affects her level of activity in a community and her decision to de-lurk and cease to exist in very active communities because of information overload. This hypothesis is analyzed by mathematically defining a social communication network (SCN) of activities in authenticated discussion forums. We validate this model by examining the SCN using data collected in a sample of 636 online forums in Open University in Israel and 2 work based communities from IBM. The hypotheses verified here make it clear that fostering receptive participation may be as important and constructive as encouraging active contributions in online communities.
HiMap: Adaptive visualization of large-scale online social networks (2009)

Visualizing large-scale online social network is a challenging yet essential task. This paper presents HiMap, a system that visualizes it by clustered graph via hierarchical grouping and summarization. HiMap employs a novel adaptive data loading technique to accurately control the visual density of each graph view, and along with the optimized layout algorithm and the two kinds of edge bundling methods, to effectively avoid the visual clutter commonly found in previous social network visualization tools. HiMap also provides an integrated suite of interactions to allow the users to easily navigate the social map with smooth and coherent view transitions to keep their momentum. Finally, we confirm the effectiveness of HiMap algorithms through graph-travesal based evaluations.
Thio-Pybox and Thio-Phebox complexes of chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel and their application in ethylene and butadiene polymerisation catalysis (2012)

A series of bis(thiazolinyl)- and bis(thiazolyl)pyridine Thio-Pybox ligands and their metal complexes of chromium(III), iron(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) has been prepared, as well as a nickel(II) complex containing a monoanionic bis(thiazolinyl)phenyl Thio-Phebox ligand. These new metal complexes have been characterised and used as catalysts, in combination with the co-catalyst MAO, for the polymerisation of ethylene and for the polymerisation of butadiene. In the case of ethylene polymerisation, the Thio-Pybox and Thio-Phebox metal complexes have shown relatively low polymerisation activities, much lower compared to the related bis(imino)pyridine complexes of the same metals. In the polymerisation of butadiene, several Thio-Pybox cobalt(II) complexes show very high activities, significantly higher than the other metal complexes with the same ligand. It is the metal, rather than the ligand, that appears to have the most profound effect on the catalytic activity in butadiene polymerisation, unlike in the polymerisation of ethylene, where bis(imino)pyridine ligands provide highly active catalysts for a range of 1st row transition metals.
Pharmacokinetics of the BCL‐2 Inhibitor Venetoclax in Healthy Chinese Subjects (2017)

Venetoclax has been approved in the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia for appropriate patients with difficult-to-treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The objective of this phase 1 study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax in Chinese subjects to inform the dose selection of venetoclax in a phase 2 study of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL in China. Twelve healthy first-generation Han Chinese subjects received a single 100-mg dose of venetoclax following a low-fat breakfast. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods. After a single dose of venetoclax in healthy Chinese subjects, the median time to peak concentration was 6 hours (range, 4 to 6 hours), and the mean ± SD C<sub>max</sub> , AUC<sub>inf</sub> , and terminal half-life were 1.0 ± 0.32 μg/mL, 12.6 ± 5.4 μg·h/mL, and 18.4 ± 2.97 hours, respectively. On average, venetoclax C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>inf</sub> values were 94% and 66% higher, respectively, in Chinese subjects compared with those observed historically for non-Asian subjects receiving the same dose. Based on these pharmacokinetic results and the established exposure-response relationship of venetoclax in non-Asian CLL subjects, a 400-mg once-daily dosage regimen was selected for evaluating the venetoclax pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in the venetoclax phase 2 open-label study in Chinese subjects with R/R CLL.
[Peripheral neuropathy and insulinoma (author's transl)]. (1981)

A case of insulinoma is reported with disease of the peripheral nervous system and pathological demonstration of a primary nerve lesion. On admission the female patient gave a history of hypoglycemic episodes and paresthesias and loss of strength in both hands. Physical examination disclosed loss of strength and atrophy of the distal musculature of the extremities, predominating in the upper ones and without fasciculations. Muscle biopsy demonstrated changes suggestive of neurogenous atrophy, and biopsy of the sural nerve showed reduction of the myelin fibers with axonal degeneration, important signs of demyelinization, and remyelinization figures. The neuropathy was unchanged two months after removal of the insulinoma. The exact location of the nerve lesion in insulinoma is controversial, some authors placing it in the peripheral nerve while others believe the motor neurons of the anterior horns to be diseased. The pathological findings in the present case suggest primary nerve disease, but an associated lesion of the anterior horns could also be present.
Los laboratorios de salud pública en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, Colombia, 2000. Estudio de caso (2003)

Para analizar la importancia de los laboratorios de salud publica (LSP) y laboratorios nacionales de referencia (LNR) en el pais, segun el apoyo que ofrecen a las actividades de vigilancia de la salud publica en los entes territoriales en el marco del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSS), se realizo un estudio con enfoque cualitativo y metodo de estudios de caso, acorde con la metodologia de Yin y Miles and Huberman. El estudio incluyo el analisis de dos LNR, cuatro LSP departamentales (LSPD), dos LSP distritales y un LSP municipal, siete anos despues de la promulgacion de la Ley 100 de 1993 y dos anos despues de haberse expedido la reglamentacion sobre los LSP en Colombia. Los resultados destacan que el SGSSS no propicio un adecuado funcionamiento de la red nacional de laboratorios de salud publica (RNL); el desarrollo de estos ha estado sujeto principalmente al interes de algunos funcionarios de los entes territoriales y no como respuesta a una politica nacional; ha habido ademas una concentracion de los recursos en los LNR y desproteccion de los LSP en los entes territoriales. La sostenibilidad y el desarrollo futuro se encuentran amenazados por las politicas de ajuste fiscal, por los vacios e incoherencia de la normatividad vigente y por la necesidad de mercadear sus servicios para evitar el cierre definitivo de varios de estos. Se plantea para el SGSSS el desafio de establecer una politica que garantice la sostenibilidad economica y tecnica de la red de laboratorios en los diferentes niveles territoriales.
Staining Membrane-Bound Proteins with Colloidal Gold (2006)

INTRODUCTIONColloidal Gold is the most sensitive staining technique for proteins bound on membranes, detecting as little as 1-3 ng of protein. Protein spots are permanently stained a dark red after incubation with the Colloidal Gold solution. Colloidal Gold staining can detect proteins on both nitrocellulose and PVDF membranes, but it is not recommended for nylon membranes.
Feasibility evaluation of fuel cells for selected heavy-duty transportation systems (1982)

A study of the feasibility of using fuel cell power plants for heavy duty transportation applications is performed. It is concluded that it will be feasible to use fuel cell technology projected as being available by 1995 to 2000 for powering 3000-hp freight locomotives and 6000-hp river boats. The fuel cell power plant is proposed as an alternative to the currently used diesel or diesel-electric system. Phosphoric acid and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells are determined to be the only applicable technologies in the desired time frame. Methanol, chemically reformed to produce hydrogen, is determined to be the most practical fuel for the applications considered. Feasibility is determined on the basis of weight and volume constraints, compatibility with existing propulsion components, and adequate performance relative to operational requirements. Simulation results show that performance goals are met and that overall energy consumption of heavy duty fuel cell power plants is lower than that of diesels for the same operating conditions. Overall energy consumption is substantially improved over diesel operation for locomotives. Operating cost comparisons are made using assumed diesel fuel and methanol costs. Development areas are identified to achieve the desired fuel cell capabilities. The required activities are in the areasmore » of fuel cell electrode performance, catalyst development, fuel processing, controls, power conditioning, and system integration.« less
Down-regulation of the Expression of the Obese Gene by an Antidiabetic Thiazolidinedione in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats and db/db Mice (1996)

Obese (ob) is a recently identified gene involved in the regulation of energy balance in the mouse. We report here that AD-5075, a potent thiazolidinedione which lowered plasma glucose and triglyceride in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and db/db mice, decreased the expression of the ob gene in these animal models of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The level of adipose ob mRNA in ZDF rats was 3-fold greater than that detected in the Zucker lean littermates. Chronic treatment with AD-5075 elicited a 67 and 70% reduction of ob mRNA in ZDF and control lean rats, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of adipose ob mRNA in db/db mice was 7 times higher than that detected in lean littermates. Treatment of db/db mice with AD-5075 resulted in a 78% reduction of the level of ob mRNA with parallel changes in circulating level of the ob gene product, leptin. The reduction of the ob mRNA in the Zucker lean rats was accompanied by significantly greater food intake and weight gain. However, in ZDF rats and db/db mice, there was profound increase in body weight without hyperphagia. The results demonstrate that the expression of the ob gene is up-regulated in these two rodent models of diabetes compared to their lean counterparts and that such overexpression is attenuated by treatment with an agent that improves insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in vivo.