gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-generated holograms: A simplified ray-tracing approach (1992)

A method that allows holograms to be generated by computer is described. The conventional ray-tracing algorithm is simplified by the use of a real-valued numerical simulation instead of making computations for the complex-valued field. Output via a laser printer and conventional photographic methods has yielded excellent fidelity in the reconstructed images of three-dimensional objects with simple geometries. Increasing computation capacity may allow routine application of this real-valued algorithm for displaying Magnetic Resonance Image data.
Development of a thinned back-illuminated CMOS active pixel sensor for extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy and imaging in space science (2007)

We describe our programme to develop a large-format, science-grade, monolithic CMOS active pixel sensor for future space science missions, and in particular an extreme ultra-violet spectrograph for solar physics studies on ESA's Solar Orbiter. Our route to EUV sensitivity relies on adapting the back-thinning and back-illumination techniques first developed for CCD sensors. Our first large-format sensor consists of 4kx3k 5 &mu;m pixels fabricated on a 0.25 &mu;m CMOS imager process. Wafer samples of these sensors have been thinned by e2v technologies with the aim of obtaining good sensitivity at EUV wavelengths. We present results from both front and back-illuminated versions of this sensor. We also present our plans to develop a new sensor of 2kx2k 10 &mu;m pixels which will be fabricated on a 0.35 &mu;m CMOS process. In progress towards this goal, we have designed a test structure consisting of six arrays of 512x512 10 &mu;m pixels. Each of the arrays has been given a different pixel design to allow verification of our models and progress towards optimising a design for minimal system readout noise and maximum dynamic range. These sensors will also be back-thinned for characterisation at EUV wavelengths.
Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (2013)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is currently indicated for high or prohibitive surgical risk patients with symptomatic calcific aortic stenosis (aortic valve area 2) requiring aortic valve replacement. Current TAVR systems consist of three components: (i) the loading system; (ii) the delivery catheter; and (iii) the bioprosthetic aortic valve. Device evolution and increasing operator experience have led to improved clinical outcomes. This chapter outlines the generic steps involved in performing TAVR. Then, It discusses cardiac and non-cardiac complications associated with TAVR. Meticulous patient selection, procedural techniques, and post-procedure care will reduce these serious events. The chapter also summarizes the clinical outcomes of selected TAVR studies and novel transcatheter aortic valve designs.
Evaluation of poststreptococcal illness. (2005)

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and rarely asymptomatic carrier states are associated with a number of poststreptococcal suppurative and nonsuppurative complications. As in streptococcal pharyngitis, acute rheumatic fever, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection, and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis most often occur in children. The hallmarks of rheumatic fever include arthritis, carditis, cutaneous disease, chorea, and subsequent acquired valvular disease. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders encompass a subgroup of illnesses involving the basal ganglia in children with obsessive-compulsive disorders, tic disorders, dystonia, chorea encephalitis, and dystonic choreoathetosis. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is most frequently encountered in children between two and six years of age with a recent history of pharyngitis and a rash in the setting of poor personal hygiene during the winter months. The clinical examination of a patient with possible poststreptococcal complications should begin with an evaluation for signs of inflammation (i.e., complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) and evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection. Antistreptolysin O titers should be obtained to confirm a recent invasive streptococcal infection. Other important antibody markers include antihyaluronidase, antideoxyribonuclease B, and antistreptokinase antibodies.
A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Framework for Optimal Doxorubicin Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Regimens in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2021)

This work suggests future avenues for optimal regimens of chemotherapy with prophylactic G-CSF support. Importantly, the algorithmic approach that we developed can aid in balancing the anticancer and the neutropenic effects of both drugs, and therefore contributes to rational considerations in clinical decision-making in triple-negative breast cancer.
The effects of extracellular citric acid acidosis on the viability, cellular adhesion capacity and protein synthesis of cultured human gingival fibroblasts (1999)

Root surface demineralization is widely used as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. To clarify the influence of citric acid root conditioning on periodontal wound healing, the effects of citric acid and associated extracellular acidosis on the viability (MTT assay), attachment and protein synthesis ([3H]-proline incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-precipitated proteins) of human gingival fibroblasts (GF) were investigated. A concentration of 47.6 mmol/L of citric acid (pH 2.3) in water led to total cell death within three minutes of incubation. Media containing 23.8 mmol/L and 47.6 mmol/L of citric acid exerted strong cytotoxicity (47 to 90 per cent of cell death) and inhibited protein synthesis (IC50 = 0.28 per cent) of GF within three hours of incubation. Incubation of cells in a medium containing 11.9 mmol/L of citric acid also suppressed the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on culture plates and Type I collagen, with 58 per cent and 22 per cent of inhibition, respectively. Culture medium supplemented with 11.9, 23.8 and 47.6 mmol/L of citric acid also led to extracellular acidosis by decreasing the pH value from 7.5 to 6.3, 5.2 and 3.8, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the toxic effect of media containing citric acid was due to their acidity rather than the citrate content. Most of the citric acid-induced cell death could be prevented by adjusting the pH value of the culture medium to pH 7.5. Sodium citrate, at a concentration of 47.6 mmol/L, also exerted little cytotoxicity. The results suggested that toxicity of citric acid in specific stages of the healing process must be considered prior to its clinical application. Careful management of citric acid in order to avoid contact with tissue or the development of other demineralizing agents is important in enhancing periodontal wound healing.
Effects of Laminate Configurations and Bending-Torsional Coupling on Vibration Characteristics of Cantilevered Laminated Plates. (1995)

In aeroelastic tailoring or aeroelastic control, the bending-torsional coupling effect for a composite wing has been utilized. As a fundamental study on aeroelastic tailoring, this paper examines the vibration characteristics of cantilevered laminated plates with bending-torsional coupling using lamination parameters which can express every laminate configuration. Effects of laminate configurations and bending-torsional coupling on vibration characteristics are studied through the representation of natural frequencies on a lamination parameter plane. Effects of sweep angle on natural frequencies and associated mode shapes are also discussed for a composite wing model.
[Recent progress in development of hypnotic drugs]. (1998)

The patient of insomnia in the advanced countries come up to 25 approximately 33% in populations. The pharmaco-therapy, especially hypnotic drug is useful treatment in insomnia. I reviewed the developing hypnotic drugs in Japan. One benzodiazepine and 2 non-benzodiazepines. These hypnotics have selective affinity to benzodiazepine receptor omega 1 subtype. The half-life-time of the developing benzodiazepine hypnotic drug is long, therefore the rebound insomnia can not be recognized. Those of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics are short, namely 1-3 hours. The former drug has finished the clinical studies and waiting the permission for marketing from the government. The latter have still been under the clinical studies. We can expect these hypnotics will bring a certain advantages for our insomnia treatment in future.
Molecular Approaches in Marine Pharmacology - eScholarship (2005)

Many marine natural products and enzymes have important medical applications in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic and biotechnological industries. These compounds and enzymes are at various stages of development, ranging from evaluation of their biological activities, to testing in clinical trials, and to their incorporation into commercial products. Notwithstanding this success, the rise in drug-resistant infections demands new drugs and strategies for eradication or control of invading pathogenic organisms. In addition, early disease detection requires new or more sensitive biochemical diagnostic tools. Solutions to these problems can be provided through discovery of new bioactive compounds, studies of their biogenesis, including endogenous biosynthetic enzyme investigations, and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms of action. Such strategies will allow chemists and pharmacologists, working in a collaborative effort, to pursue the development of novel drugs and diagnostics.
Determination of the point-spread function of human eyes using a hybrid optical–digital method (1987)

A method for the determination of the bidimensional optical transfer function (OTF) and the point-spread function of human eyes is presented. Aerial short-term images of a point source are directly recorded with a TV camera and fed into a digital image-processing system that allows one to determine and display such functions. The method has been implemented in such a way that recording and computation can be carried out on a routine basis with minimum discomfort for the observer. A detailed description of the method and typical aerial and retinal images of a point source as well as the OTF's results are presented in this paper.
Liquid Fuel for Nuclear Energy: The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) Concept (2012)

Series Energy Science, Engineering and Technology
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroaminoalkylation of Unactivated Olefins with Dialkylamines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-brightness top-emissive polymer light-emitting diodes utilizing organic oxide/Al∕Ag composite cathode (2006)

This work presents the fabrication of high-brightness (over 30000cd∕m2) top-emissive polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) using a hybrid semitransparent cathode capable of efficient injection of electrons. The composite cathode is comprised of the organic oxide/Al complex as the injection buffer layer covered by a thin Ag overlayer. The anode is made of Ag:Ag2O coated on the glass substrate. The electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of 8.9cd∕A for phenyl-substituted poly(para-phenylene vinylene) copolymer based top-emissive PLED markedly exceeds that of 4.3cd∕A for the control device with the bottom-emissive configuration. The high performance is attributed to the balanced injection of charge carriers and the effective extraction of EL emission from the top cathode. The optical microcavity effect significantly promotes the EL emission in the direction along the surface normal.
Price Discovery in Subgradient Combinatorial Auctions (2015)

We study a class of iterative combinatorial auctions which can be viewed as subgradient methods for the problem of pricing bundles to balance supply and demand. We provide concrete convergence rates for auctions in the class in the form of bounds on the number of auction rounds needed to discover cl
Privilege separation in HTML5 applications (2012)

The standard approach for privilege separation in web applications is to execute application components in different web origins. This limits the practicality of privilege separation since each web origin has financial and administrative cost. In this paper, we propose a new design for achieving effective privilege separation in HTML5 applications that shows how applications can cheaply create arbitrary number of components. Our approach utilizes standardized abstractions already implemented in modern browsers. We do not advocate any changes to the underlying browser or require learning new high-level languages, which contrasts prior approaches. We empirically show that we can retrofit our design to real-world HTML5 applications (browser extensions and rich client-side applications) and achieve reduction of 6x to 10000x in TCB for our case studies. Our mechanism requires less than 13 lines of application-specific code changes and considerably improves auditability. Our design has influenced the security architecture of upcoming Chrome applications. 1
Absence of energetic particle effects associated with magnetic reconnection exhausts in the solar wind (2005)

We have examined energetic particle data (&gt;38 keV for electrons and &gt;47 keV for protons) obtained in intervals surrounding a set of 7 encounters with Petschek‐type reconnection exhausts in the solar wind by the Advanced Composition Explorer. We find no evidence for any substantial increases in energetic particle intensity associated with those encounters. This indicates that local reconnection is not a significant source of energetic particles in the solar wind and suggests the possibility that reconnection itself may not be a particularly effective process for populating other space and astrophysical environments with energetic particles.
Application of immunohistologic staining to develop a malignant index to aid in distinguishing benign from malignant prostatic tissue (1989)

The development of antisera with reactivities against intermediate filaments, differentiation antigens, and secretory products has aided in identification and characterization of tissue specimens. Such evaluations may assist pathologists in distinguishing between benign (BPH) and malignant (CAP) tissue of prostatic origin. However, attempts to employ this technique are thwarted by 1) the use of frequently incompletely characterized antisera, 2) the use of both paraffin- and frozen-sectioned materials, and 3) a lack of quantitation in the degree of antisera immunoreactivity. To overcome these shortcomings, a mathematical approach was evaluated using eight BPH and 23 CAP specimens. These were sectioned and stained using commercially prepared antisera against cytokeratin (Cyto P, Cyto M), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), NK cells (Leu-7), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Reactivity was quantitated on a scale of 0-5. Mean values for markers elevated in CAP (relative to BPH) were placed in the numerator; those elevated in BPH (relative to CAP) were placed in the denominator: Malignant index = PSA + EMA + Leu-7 + Cyto M/PAP + Cyto P. This malignant index was significantly greater (P less than .001) in CAP tissues than in BPH regardless of Gleason grade (3.2 +/- 0.9 vs 1.6 +/- 0.9). It was also significantly elevated (3.0 +/- 0.8; P less than .01) in nine specimens representing prostatic atypical hyperplasia. These data suggest that immunohistologic staining may be applied as an aid in distinguishing between BPH and CAP.
Evaluation of Placement Techniques for DNA Probe Array Layout (2003)

DNA probe arrays have emerged as a core genomic technology that enables cost-effective gene expression monitoring, mutation detection, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and other genomic analyses. DNA chips are manufactured through a highly scalable process, Very Large-Scale Immobilized Polymer Synthesis (VL-SIPS), that combines photolithographic technologies adapted from the semiconductor industry with combinatorial chemistry. Commercially available DNA chips contain more than a half million probes and are expected to exceed one hundred million probes in the next generation. This paper is one of the first attempts to apply VLSI CAD methods to the problem of probe placement in DNA chips, where the main objective is to minimize total border cost (i.e., the number of nucleotide mismatches between adjacent sites). We make the following contributions. First, we propose several partitioning-based algorithms for DNA probe placement that improve solution quality by over 4% compared to best previously known methods. Second, we give a simple in-place probe reembedding algorithm with solution quality better than previous chessboard and batched greedy algorithms. Third, we experimentally evaluate scalability and suboptimality of existing and newly proposed probe placement algorithms. Interestingly, we find that DNA placement algorithms appear to have better suboptimality properties than those recently reported for VLSI placement algorithms.
Clonal Expansion of Hepatic Stem/Progenitor Cells following Flow Cytometric Cell Sorting (2001)

Although hepatic stem cells are believed to exist and play a critical role in developing and regenerating liver, little is known about their cell surface specificity or differentiation capabilities. To make prospective studies of hepatic stem cells possible, we established an in vitro culture system for identification and characterization of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. By combining this culture system with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), a population of cells that were capable of forming large colonies and providing their descendants for relative longer period was isolated from fetal mouse livers. These data suggest that hepatic stem/progenitor cells with high proliferative potential are existent in the developing mouse liver, and that they are enriched by using flow cytometry.
PIV Measurements of Flow Distal to Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis Under Steady and Pulsatile Flow Conditions (1999)

Abstract Hemodynamic performance of a polyurethane heart valve prosthesis was evaluated in comparison with that of Björk-Shiley Monostrut mechanical valve in steady and pulsatile flow. Pressure losses through the valves were obtained from the streamwise pressure distributions downstream of the valves under steady flow condition. Unsteady and turbulent flow through the heart valve prostheses were investigated using PIV in conjunction with the opening behaviors of valve leaflets. Direct measurements of the wall shear stress by hot-film anemometry (HFA) were compared with the PIV data. By examining the velocity field downstream of the polyurethane heart valve, it is known that high shear stress regions exist at the interface between strong axial jet flows along the wall and vortical flows in the central area. In addition, there are large recirculation regions near the valve, where thrombus formation can be induced by accumulation of damaged blood cells. A correlation between the flow pattern downstream of the valve and the corresponding opening posture of the polyurethane valve leaflet gives useful data necessary for improved design of the superstructure and leaflet geometry of the valve.
Enzymatic Digestion of Proteins in Solution (1995)

Analysis of protein covalent structure is less complex and more accurate when performed on peptides derived from the larger protein. In contrast to acid-promoted total hydrolysis, peptides are typically generated by selective proteolysis, i.e., by specifically cleaving peptide bonds with endoproteases that have varying degrees of specificity. This unit presents a protocol that can be used to generate peptide fragments from intact, undenatured proteins. Fragments can be analyzed directly by mass spectrometry (MS) or, more often, are first separated by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and then analyzed by MS or automated sequencing. Most proteins are resistant to enzymatic proteolysis under nondenaturing conditions or are not soluble in aqueous solution. Digestion procedures performed in the presence of chaotropic agents and SDS are described, and support protocols provide instructions for preparing enzyme stocks and reducing and alkylating peptides prior to sequencing or HPLC analysis.
The Effects of Remifentanil on Cerebral Capacity in Awake Volunteers (2000)

Knowledge about the influence of remifentanil on cerebral capacity is crucial before routine use of the drug in neuroanesthesia. Thus, we assessed the influence of remifentanil on cerebral capacity noninvasively by means of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurement of systolic cerebrospinal fluid peak velocity in the aqueduct of Sylvius in humans.
Phyloanatomic characterization of the distinct T cell and monocyte contributions to the peripheral blood HIV population within the host (2020)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a rapidly evolving virus, allowing its genetic sequence to act as a fingerprint for epidemiological processes among, as well as within, individual infected hosts. Though primarily infecting the CD4+ T-cell population, HIV can also be found in monocytes, an immune cell population that differs in several aspects from the canonical T-cell viral target. Using single genome viral sequencing and statistical phylogenetic inference, we investigated the viral RNA diversity and relative contribution of each of these immune cell types to the viral population within the peripheral blood. Results provide evidence of an increased prevalence of circulating monocytes harboring virus in individuals with high viral load in the absence of suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Bayesian phyloanatomic analysis of three of these individuals demonstrated a measurable role for these cells, but not the circulating T-cell population, as a source of cell-free virus in the plasma, supporting the hypothesis that these cells can act as an additional conduit of virus spread.
Optical artificial intelligence and symbolic computing: an introduction (1987)

After a short introduction, a brief overview of the research papers contained in this special issue is presented.
Nanopores and Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Transport and Storage. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
Multi-omic Single-cell Atlas Reveals Broad Ex Vivo Effects on Human Immunobiology (2020)

Summary Multi-omic profiling of human peripheral blood is increasingly utilized to identify biomarkers and pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease. The importance of these platforms in clinical and translational studies led us to investigate the impact of delayed blood processing on the numbers and state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on the plasma proteome. Similar to previous studies, we show minimal effects of delayed processing on the numbers and general phenotype of PBMCs up to 18 hours. In contrast, profound changes in the single-cell transcriptome and composition of the plasma proteome become evident as early as 6 hours after blood draw. These reflect patterns of cellular activation across diverse cell types that lead to progressive distancing of the gene expression state and plasma proteome from native in vivo biology. Differences accumulating during an overnight rest (18 hours) could confound relevant biologic variance related to many underlying disease states.
Treatment Entry among Individuals on a Waiting List for Methadone Maintenance (2009)

These findings have implications for improving access to methadone treatment.