gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport of MOX fuel: continuous challenge (2010)

For 45 years TN International has been involved in the radioactive materials transportation field. Since the beginning the spent nuclear fuel transportation has been its core business. During all these years TN International, now part of AREVA, has been able to anticipate and fulfil the needs for new transport or storage casks design to fit the nuclear industry evolutions. A whole fleet of casks able to transport all the materials of the nuclear fuel cycle has been developed. This paper focuses on the casks used to transport the fresh and used mix oxide (MOX) fuel. To transport the fresh MOX boiling water reactor and pressurised water reactors fuel, TN International has developed two designs of casks: the MX 6 and the MX 8. These casks are and have been used to transport MOX fuel for French, German, Swiss and in a near future Japanese nuclear power plants. A complete set of baskets have been developed to optimise the loading in terms of integrated dose and also of course capacity. Mixed oxide used fuel has now its dedicated cask: the TN 112 which certificate of approval has been obtained in July 2008. This cask is able to transport 12 MOX spent fuel elements with a short cooling time. The first loading of the cask has been performed in September 2008 in the Electricité de France nuclear power plant of Saint-Laurent-des-Eaux. By its continuous involvement in the nuclear transportation field, TN International has been able to face the many challenges linked to the radioactive materials transportation especially talking of MOX fuel. TN International will also have to face the increasing demand linked to the nuclear renaissance.
Impact of Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Curricula on Engineering and Science Programs (2020)

Laboratory for Training, Education and Research (AVML), an innovative e-learning tool for educating students and training the next generation workforce in sophisticated technology and its underlying theory. Dr. El-Mounayri teaches courses in Design, CAD/CAM, and Nanotechnology. His research focus is in advanced manufacturing, including nano-machining. Dr. El-Mounayri
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Enhancing Iridoid Glucosides from the Indonesian Medicinal Plant Barleria Lupulina (2010)

In order to find antiosteoporotic agents from natural resources, 32 Indonesian medicinal plants were screened for their effects on osteoblast differentiation by using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells as a marker. From the extract of Barleria lupulina, which showed the most potent activity, 13 iridoid glucosides, including three new ones [8-O-acetylipolamiidic acid (1), 8-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-methoxy-cis-cinnamoyl)shanzhiside (2), and 8-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl)shanzhiside (3)] were identified. Among the 13 iridoid glucosides, ipolamiide (4) showed the most potent activity in a dose-dependent manner.
Towards a Theory of Data Entanglement (2004)

We propose a formal model for data entanglement as used in storage systems like Dagster [25] and Tangler [26].These systems split data into blocks in such a way that a single block becomes a part of several documents; these documents are said to be entangled.Dagster and Tangler use entanglement in conjunction with other techniques to deter a censor from tampering with unpopular data.In this paper, we assume that entanglement is a goal in itself.We measure the strength of a system by how thoroughly documents are entangled with one another and how attempting to remove a document affects the other documents in the system.We argue that while Dagster and Tangler achieve their stated goals, they do not achieve ours.In particular, we prove that deleting a typical document in Dagster affects, on average, only a constant number of other documents; in Tangler, it affects virtually no other documents.This motivates us to propose two stronger notions of entanglement, called dependency and all-or-nothing integrity.All-or-nothing integrity binds the users' data so that it is hard to delete or modify the data of any one user without damaging the data of all users.We study these notions in six submodels, differentiated by the choice of users' recovery algorithms and restrictions placed on the adversary.In each of these models, we not only provide mechanisms for limiting the damage done by the adversary, but also argue, under reasonable cryptographic assumptions, that no stronger mechanisms are possible.
The Genetic Basis of Glucose Homeostasis (2005)

Genetic and environmental determinants play critical roles in insulin resistance and beta-cell function. A model of the complex feedback system for maintenance of glucose tolerance has been developed that reflects the constraint of glycemia within narrow physiologic limits. The "glucose homeostasis" model is described by insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, acute insulin response to glucose, and disposition index (DI). Relatively little is known about the genetic basis of glucose homeostasis phenotypes or their relationship to risk of diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There is increasing evidence that variation in glucose homeostasis reflects genetic control better than that of commonly used surrogate measures (fasting glucose or fasting insulin). Further, recent linkage scans have identified regions in the human genome that may contain loci that contribute to variation in glucose homeostasis phenotypes. Thus, the prospects are encouraging for positional cloning of genes contributing to glucose homeostasis and providing insight into the nature of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Ultimately, knowledge of the genetic basis of glucose homeostasis will facilitate the development of more directed therapies for prevention and treatment of diabetes and other diseases associated with disordered glucose metabolism.
Therapeutic Systems and Technologies: State-of-the-Art Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges (2019)

In this review, we present current state-of-the-art developments and challenges in the areas of thermal therapy, ultrasound tomography, image-guided therapies, ocular drug delivery, and robotic devices in neurorehabilitation. Additionally, intellectual property and regulatory aspects pertaining to therapeutic systems and technologies are addressed.
High-fidelity hearing aid amplifier (1988)

If the claims of many mildly hearing-impaired individuals that they “do not need a hearing aid most of the time” are true, the appropriate hearing aid design appears self-evident: the hearing aid should be designed to do nothing (be acoustically transparent) most of the time. A low-power-consumption bipolar linear (!) custom integrated circuit hearing aid amplifier has been designed to permit that result while providing the gain and high-frequency emphasis usually required to make quiet sounds audible. The goal is to amplify only the quiet sounds the wearer is missing, while neither standing in the way of his apparently adequate hearing for high-level sounds, nor—worse yet—amplifying sounds that are already loud enough. The resulting level-dependent frequency response characteristic is opposite that of the presently popular “ASP” circuits, which appear to be solving a problem created by the typical hearing aid design. [Work supported in part by NIA.]
Block response to reinjection in a fractured geothermal reservoir (1979)

While fractured porous formations constitute an important class of geothermal reservoirs, a generally applicable methodology for accurately describing their performance has yet to appear in the literature. As a preliminary step in an attempt to unravel the fundamental physical principles involved in fractured media simulation, an elementary numerical experiment is described. A porous media block containing superheated steam is suddenly enclosed by reinjection water of lower enthalpy. The objectives of the experiment are: (1) to examine the response of the porous block to reinjection; and (2) to study the influence of block geometry on the simulated behavior. The numerical experiments are conducted using a one-dimensional multiphase (steam-water) model. With the model defined in Cartesian coordinates, a porous block delimited by two parallel fractures of infinite extent is investigated. The model defined in radial coordinates is employed to examine a cylindrical geometry. The reservoir parameters and reinjection water properties are chosen to be representative of those encountered in The Geysers geothermal field in California.
When low- and high-energy electronic responses meet in cuprate superconductors (2007)

The existence of coherent quasiparticles near the Fermi energy in the low-temperature state of high-temperature superconductors has been well established by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We present a study of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.83}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.17}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ in the superconducting state and report an abrupt change in the quasiparticle spectral function, as we follow the dispersion of the ARPES signal from the Fermi energy to $0.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The interruption in the quasiparticle dispersion separates coherent quasiparticle peaks at low energies from broad incoherent excitations at high energies. We find that the boundary between these low-energy and high-energy features exhibits a cosine-shaped momentum dependence, reminiscent of the superconducting $d$-wave gap. Further intriguing similarities between characteristics of the incoherent excitations and quasiparticle properties suggest a close relation between the electronic response at high and low energies in cuprate superconductors.
CO2 Viscosification for Mobility Alteration in Improved Oil Recovery and CO2 Sequestration (2023)

Recently there have been significant advances in the viscosification of CO2 using a low concentration of oligomers. The new engineered molecules do not adsorb onto rock. This paper studies the effects of different CO2-enhanced viscosity levels in subsurface aquifers and reservoirs. The study was conducted using numerical modeling and simulation tools in homogeneous, heterogenous, fractured, and unfractured media. The viscosity enhancement of CO2 varied from 2- to 20-fold. The simulations included homogeneous, layered, and fractured domains in 2D and in 3D for improved oil recovery. The results showed that in unfractured, homogenous, and layered media, a 10-fold viscosity increase leads to significant increases in oil recovery. In a fractured medium with a highly connected fracture network, a 20-fold viscosity enhancement may have a considerable effect in delaying breakthrough and improving oil recovery. Simulations were performed in a compositional three-phase flow based on higher-order discretization. The algorithm included Fickian diffusion, which may add to oil recovery performance when there is a sufficient surface area between the CO2-rich phase and the oil phase. In CO2 sequestration, an increase in the viscosity of CO2 and consequent mobility control promotes CO2 dissolution in the aqueous phase. Due to the increase in the density of the aqueous phase from CO2 dissolution, the CO2 is carried away from the cap rock to the bottom of the formation. This work is of particular importance in improved oil recovery and in safe CO2 sequestration due to solubility trapping and mitigation of pressure increase. The higher-order numerical scheme used in this simulation guarantees a level of accuracy not obtained in traditional simulators.
Performance of an EHD power generator with a two-fluid ejector (1981)

A detailed analysis and method of calculation is presented for determining the complete thermodynamic cycle of a two-fluid electrohydrodynamic (EHD) power generator. The analysis takes fully into account the compressibility of the media. Parameters are included which express the thermodynamic losses in the various components of the overall system. The severe restriction on output created by the electrical breakdown limit of the medium is clearly shown. The method for computing the net-electrical work output per unit mass of primary fluid and the net overall thermal efficiency of the system is carefully developed. A sample output together with the FORTRAN program are included.
MR and 18F FDG PET/CT appearances of schwanomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) (2012)

2168 Objectives Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) arise from pre-existing plexiform neurofibromas. Subcutananeous and spinal nerve root neurofibromas are also associated with MPNST. (MPNST) have poor prognsosis. We aim to evaluate the role of combined MRI and 18F FDG PET/CT in diagnosing peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Methods Retrospective review of MRI and 18F FDG PET CT was carried out in patients with neurofibromatosis and incidental diagnosis of nerve sheath tumours. The location, extent, signal characteristics were evaluated on T1 and T2 weighted images on MRI and SUVmax was analysed on 18F FDG PET CT. The results were correlated with histopathology. Results A total of 10 cases of peripheral nerve sheath tumour were identified ; 3 male, 7 female, age range 6-73 years, SUV max 1.8-36. The locations were as follows: cerebellopontine angle, intercostal nerves, thigh, plexiform neurofibromatosis of the neck, paraspinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, apical lung mass. Conclusions MRI and 18F FDG PET/CT have vital role in diagnosing peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Anatomical extent and metabolic activity can be evaluated which can facilitate lesion behaviour. PET/MR is expected to enhance the diagnostic yield in such complicated cases
Ultra wide band detection of on body concealed weapons using the out of plane polarized late time response (2009)

A method of detecting concealed handguns and knives, both on and off body, has been developed. The method utilizes aspect-independent natural, complex resonances (poles) excited by illuminating the target with frequency swept, ultrawide band microwaves in the range 0.5 - 18 GHz. These natural resonances manifest as a Late Time Response (LTR) that extends significantly (~ 5 ns) beyond the direct reflections from the human body (the Early Time Response) and are of the form of a superposition of exponentially decaying sinusoidal waveforms. Two handguns are examined, both on the human body and in isolation, by the established methodology of applying the Generalised-Pencil-Of-Function to the late time response data of the target. These poles allow the weapon to be effectively classified. Out of plane polarized (cross-polarized) scattered response is used here as this gives improved discrimination between the early and late time responses. Determination of the presence or absence of particular weapons concealed under clothing, on the human body, is demonstrated. A novel bow-tie slot antenna is described which has good pulse and frequency response over the range 0.3-1 GHz and which is suitable for excitation of the fundamental natural resonances.
Inhibition of Linear Absorption in Opaque Materials Using Phase-Locked Harmonic Generation (2008)

We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate inhibition of linear absorption for phase and group velocity mismatched second- and third-harmonic generation in strongly absorbing materials, GaAs, in particular, at frequencies above the absorption edge. A 100-fs pump pulse tuned to 1300 nm generates 650 and 435 nm second- and third-harmonic pulses that propagate across a $450\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-thick GaAs substrate without being absorbed. We attribute this to a phase-locking mechanism that causes the pump to trap the harmonics and to impress on them its dispersive properties.
Structural and optical quality of GaN grown on Sc2O3/Y2O3/Si(111) (2012)

Thick (∼900 nm) GaN layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on cost-effective Sc2O3/Y2O3/Si(111) substrates and characterized by x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence. Samples grown in Ga-rich condition show superior structural and optical quality with reduced density of cubic GaN inclusions within the hexagonal matrix and a relatively strong photoluminescence emission at 3.45 eV at 10 K. Cubic inclusions are formed in the initial growth stage and their concentration is reduced with increasing film thickness and after rapid thermal annealing.
12 (2015)

Byrd, Catherine; Wallisch, Jessica; Jha, Ruchira; Vagni, Vincent; Wisniewski, Stephen; Ma, Li; Hsia, Carelton; Kochanek, Patrick
Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets (2016)

Abstract The surface deformation field measured at volcanic domes provides insights into the effects of magmatic processes, gravity‐ and gas‐driven processes, and the development and distribution of internal dome structures. Here we study short‐term dome deformation associated with earthquakes at Mount St. Helens, recorded by a permanent optical camera and seismic monitoring network. We use Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to compute the displacement field between successive images and compare the results to the occurrence and characteristics of seismic events during a 6 week period of dome growth in 2006. The results reveal that dome growth at Mount St. Helens was repeatedly interrupted by short‐term meter‐scale downward displacements at the dome surface, which were associated in time with low‐frequency, large‐magnitude seismic events followed by a tremor‐like signal. The tremor was only recorded by the seismic stations closest to the dome. We find a correlation between the magnitudes of the camera‐derived displacements and the spectral amplitudes of the associated tremor. We use the DIC results from two cameras and a high‐resolution topographic model to derive full 3‐D displacement maps, which reveals internal dome structures and the effect of the seismic activity on daily surface velocities. We postulate that the tremor is recording the gravity‐driven response of the upper dome due to mechanical collapse or depressurization and fault‐controlled slumping. Our results highlight the different scales and structural expressions during growth and disintegration of lava domes and the relationships between seismic and deformation signals.
Inhibition of cardiac myofibroblast formation and collagen synthesis by activation and overexpression of adenylyl cyclase (2004)

Transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, characterized by expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, is a key event in connective tissue remodeling. Approaches to inhibit this transformation are needed in tissues, such as the heart, where excessive ECM production by cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) causes fibrosis, myocardial stiffening, and cardiac dysfunction. We tested whether adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation (increased cAMP levels) modulates the transformation of adult rat CF to myofibroblasts, as assessed by immunofluorescent microscopy, immunoblotting, and collagen synthesis. A 24-h incubation of CF with TGF-beta or angiotensin II increased alpha-SMA expression, which was inhibited by the AC agonist forskolin and a cAMP analog that activates protein kinase A. Treatment with forskolin blunted serum-, TGF-beta-, and angiotensin II-stimulated collagen synthesis. CFs engineered to overexpress type 6 AC had enhanced forskolin-promoted cAMP formation, greater inhibition by forskolin of TGF-beta-stimulated alpha-SMA expression, and a decrease in the EC(50) of forskolin to reduce serum-stimulated collagen synthesis. The AC stimulatory agonist adrenomedullin inhibited collagen synthesis in CF that overexpressed AC6 but not in controls. Thus, AC stimulation blunts collagen synthesis and, in parallel, the transformation of adult rat CF to myofibroblasts. AC overexpression enhances these effects, "uncovering" an inhibition by adrenomedullin. These findings implicate cAMP as an inhibitor of ECM formation by means of blockade of the transformation of CF to myofibroblasts and suggest that increasing AC expression, thereby enhancing cAMP generation through stimulation of receptors expressed on CF, could provide a means to attenuate and prevent cardiac fibrosis and its sequelae.
Synthesis of a Series of Ethynyl-Substituted Triphenylmethanes (1992)

Triphenylmethyl substituted alkynyl monomers 6a, b and 10, required as part of a study concerning conjugated polyradicals, were prepared in multistep processes.
Layer-by-layer nanocoating of chlorophene-loaded polymeric micelles on silicone catheters (2012)

A nanostructured layer-by-layer (LBL) dip coating method for silicone catheters was developed and optimized for prolonged release of chlorophene to help prevent urinary tract infections often complicated from extended use of catheters. The coating technique comprised alternating layers of drug-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) micelles and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) held together by hydrogen bonding interaction. The sustained release kinetics of chlorophene from the coated catheter surface was achieved by crosslinking PAA with ethylenediamine. The coating and crosslinking were confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, the polymeric micelles were also fluorescently labeled in order to quantify their release by spectrofluorometry method. FTIR spectra of the coated catheters showed strong carbonyl absorption of both PCL (1736 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) and PAA (1708 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) while the crosslinked ones revealed additional amide I (1643 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) and amide II (1548 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) absorption bands which confirmed successful crosslinking of the PAA layers. Comparing to the non-crosslinked catheters, the crosslinked ones displayed a more sustained release of micelles over 30 days. Such release behavior is more favorable for the extended prevention against bacterial infection associated with the clinical use of catheters.
Commentaries for This Article from The Effect of HIV and HPV Coinfection on Cervical COX-2 Expression and Systemic Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Levels (2023)

Commentaries for This Article from The Effect of HIV and HPV Coinfection on Cervical COX-2 Expression and Systemic Prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Levels
Figure S4 from Bortezomib Stabilizes and Activates p53 in Proliferative Compartments of Both Normal and Tumor Tissues <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Stabilized p53 colocalizes with PCNA in the stomach and colon.&lt;/p&gt;
The TDMQ Regulators of Copper Homeostasis Do Not Disturb the Activities of Cu,Zn‐SOD, Tyrosinase, or the CoIII Cofactor Vitamin B12 (2019)

Copper chelators based on a tetradentate monoquinoline (TDMQ) scaffold are currently developed as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease. Since TDMQ chelators have a high affinity for Cu II and are expected to regulate copper homeostasis in the brain, the question whether these chelators might be able to demetalate, and therefore inhibit, essential copper proteins is obviously important, and should be answered before clinical development could be considered. We therefore examined the possible interaction of these chelators with physiological copper proteins, and related metal biomolecules. Our present work evidenced that TDMQ chelators (up to millimolar concentrations) do not affect in vitro the catalytic activities of Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase and tyrosinase, two copper enzymes expressed in the brain and involved in the regulation of redox processes. In addition, TDMQ were found unable to demetalate vitamin B12, a Co III cofactor essential for neurotransmitter synthesis and normal brain function. The validation of the compatibility between TDMQs and several physiological metal complexes is an important positive issue supporting the development of TDMQ chelators as drug‐candidates.