gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione content of the small intestine: regulation and function (1993)

In ad lib.-fed rats the epithelium of the small intestine, like the liver, contains large quantities of glutathione, 17.0 and 32.4 nmol/mg protein respectively. Following 24 h food restriction the glutathione content in both tissues fell 53 and 69% respectively. Unlike the liver, however, the glutathione content of the intestinal mucosa is not regulated to a diurnal rhythm, suggesting that the liver may provide glutathione or glutathione precursors to maintain intestinal glutathione levels. Intestinal epithelial cell preparations obtained from 24 h food-deprived rats had depleted glutathione stores (50%) and as a consequence were more susceptible to the oxidizing effects of cumene hydroperoxide. These results suggest that if glutathione plays a major role in the defence of the intestinal mucosa from ingested toxins then depletion of this defence during periods of food restriction could significantly increase the susceptibility of the individual to toxins present in the diet.
Passive Cross-Protection Provided by Antisera Directed against In-Vivo-Expressed Antigens of Pasteurella multocida (1994)

Chicken antisera produced against the detergent-insoluble fraction of in vivo-grown P-1059 (serotype 3) Pasteurella multocida passively protected against heterologous X-73 (serotype 1) challenge. Likewise, antisera from chickens that survived infection by live P-1059 provided passive heterologous protection. The two antisera, which contained cross-protection antibodies, were adsorbed with the detergent-insoluble fraction of in vitro-grown P-1059 and still passively cross-protected against heterologous serotype challenge. The proteins of in vivo-grown P-1059 that had molecular weights of 204,000, 192,000, 179,000, and 153,000, which were recognized by the adsorbed antisera on immunoblots, may be responsible for cross-protection.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multi-ethnic cohort (LUMINA): contributions of admixture and socioeconomic status to renal involvement (2006)

Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is more frequent in minorities. We examined whether genetic or socioeconomic status (SES) explain these disparities in a large multiethnic (Hispanics from Texas and Puerto Rico, African Americans and Caucasians) SLE cohort. Renal involvement was defined as WHO Class II-V and/or proteinuria (> 0.5 g/24 h or 3+) attributable to SLE and/or abnormal urinary sediment, proteinuria 2+, elevated serum creatinine/ decreased creatinine clearance twice, 6 months apart present any time over the course of the disease. Ancestry informative markers (AIMS) were used to define the admixture proportions in each patient and group. Logistic regression models were examined to determine the percentage variance (R2) in renal involvement related to ethnicity that is explained by socio-economic status (SES) and admixture (adjusting for age, gender and disease duration, basic model). Four-hundred and fifty-nine (out of 575) patients were included; renal involvement occurred in 44.6% Texas Hispanics, 11.3% Puerto Rico Hispanics, 45.8% African Americans, 18.3% Caucasians. SES accounted for 14.5% of the variance due to ethnicity (after adjusting for basic model variables), admixture 36.8% and both, 12.2%; 45.9% of the variance remained unexplained. Alternative models for decreased glomerula filtration rate and end-stage renal disease were comparable in the distribution of the explanatory variables. Our data indicate that genetic factors appear to be more important than SES in explaining the ethnic disparities in the occurrence of renal involvement.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Indicators for Aqueous Processes on the West Spur of the Columbia Hills in Gusev Crater (2005)

The primary objective of the MER Spirit and Opportunity Rovers is to identify and investigate rocks, outcrops, and soils that have the highest possible chance of preserving evidence of water activity on Mars. The Athena Science Instrument Payload onboard the two rovers has provided geochemical and mineralogical information that indicates a variety of aqueous processes and various degrees of alteration at the two landing sites.
Transition State Theory and Beyond — A Constrained Phase Space Approach (1982)

Abstract The information‐theoretic, maximum entropy formalism for the computation of reaction rates is reviewed, with several applications and computational examples. Attention is focused on the essential ideas and, for simplicity, the analytical development is carried out only for collinear collisions at a given total energy. Particular attention is given to the theories which are of maximal entropy subject to a constraint on the mean number of times n that a critical surface enroute from reagents to products is crossed by the system. Transition state theory is derived as the special case when the mean number of crossings is taken to be unity. The approximation n = 1 is often exact in the threshold region, but as the energy increases it rapidly deteriorates. When n &gt; 1, it is found not to be a dominant constraint. Rather, the nonuniform distribution of trajectories in phase space is the major restriction on the reaction rate. It proves possible to treat this case analytically, and explicit results, illustrated by the H + H 2 and F + H 2 reactions, are provided.
Phototransformations of C-Benzoylaziridines. Dipolarophilic Trapping of Photogenerated Azomethine Ylides1 (1996)

The phototransformations of a few 2,3-diaroylaziridines and 2-aryl-3-aroylaziridines have been studied by steady-state photolysis and product analysis. The formation of various photoproducts could be substantiated by ring opening via C-C bond cleavage (leading to azomethine ylides), intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, and C-N bond cleavage. Isolation of stereospecific 3-pyrroline derivatives from the photoreaction of benzoylaziridines in the presence of DMAD confirms our previous results concerning the azomethine ylides as major transient intermediates, produced under laser pulse photoexcitation. Dimethyl 1-cyclohexyl-2-benzoylpyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylate (25), one of the photoadducts derived from the reaction of 1a and 1b with DMAD undergoes a novel and unusual photorearrangement to give dimethyl 2-(1-benzoylcyclohexyl)pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylate (27), the structure of which was confirmed through X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Relationship Between Ktrans and K1 with Simultaneous Versus Separate MR/PET in Rabbits with VX2 Tumors (2017)

The relationship between K<sub>trans</sub> and K<sub>1</sub> may be mis-interpreted with separate MR and PET acquisition.
A Novel Langmuir Trough for Equilibrium and Dynamic Measurements on Air−Water and Oil−Water Monolayers (1996)

A new “Langmuir” trough is described which allows accurate, symmetric compression and expansion of a spread or adsorbed film of molecules. Compression/expansion of films is equally easy at an air−water (A−W) interface or oil−water (O−W) interface. Several different modes of operation of the trough are described which allow measurement of surface/interfacial pressure (π)−area per molecule (A) isotherms and measurement of dilatational rheology of interfacial films. Equlibrium and dilatational measurements are consistent with those obtained via other techniques. The π−A isotherms of spread films of the proteins, β-lactoglobulin (β-L) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are considerably more expanded at the O−W interface compared to the A−W interface.
Correction: A Randomized Study of the Effects of Additional Fruit and Nuts Consumption on Hepatic Fat Content, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Basal Metabolic Rate (2018)

There is an error in the penultimate sentence under the subheading "Results" in the Abstract section. The correct sentence is: The numerical increase in fasting insulin was statistically significant only in the fruit group (from 7.733.1 mIE/L to 8.812.9 mIE/L, p = 0.018, nuts: from 7.292.9 mIE/L to 8.623.0 mIE/L, p = 0.14).
Localized and inducible expression of Xenopus-posterior (Xpo), a novel gene active in early frog embryos, encoding a protein with a ‘CCHC’ finger domain (1991)

Xenopus-posterior (Xpo) is a gene that is activated at or shortly after the midblastula transition (MBT). The RNA accumulates to a relatively low level, which remains constant until gastrulation, then rapidly and transiently increases in posterior ectoderm and mesoderm. A single copy of a putative finger motif, of the 'CCHC' type, is located near the carboxyl terminus. One or two copies of similar sequence motifs are found in the nucleocapsid protein of retroviruses where they are involved in protein-RNA interactions, and in cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), a protein that binds to the sterol regulatory element. Xpo expression is induced in ectodermal explants by treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and with polypeptide growth factors found in medium conditioned by the Xenopus XTC cell line (XTC-CM). Taken together, these properties suggest a possible role for Xpo in the organization of the anteroposterior axis during development.
Unbalanced low coherence interference microscopy (2022)

Low coherence interference microscopy (LCIM) provides high spatial phase sensitivity, i.e., speckle free and coherent noise free quantitative phase images of the test specimens. Due to low temporal coherence (TC) length of the light source, LCIM requires precise adjustment of the optical path difference (OPD) between the object and the reference arm, which is only a few micrometers. Consequently, previously demonstrated LCIM systems are implemented with the use of identical objective lenses in both the arms and also known as balanced interferometric configuration. The use of identical objective lens hinders both the use of high numerical aperture objective lens and also the swift change of the objective lens during imaging. In the present work, LCIM is implemented with non-identical objective lenses in the object and the reference arm also called unbalanced optical configuration. A range of objective lenses 10 × /0.25NA, 20 × /0.45NA and 60 × /1.2NA are employed in the object arm of the system while keeping single objective lens 10 × /0.25NA in the reference arm. To resolve the challenges associated with unbalanced configuration, advanced iterative algorithm (AIA) and principal component analysis (PCA) algorithms are integrated to recover quadratic phase error free phase images of the test specimens. The capabilities of the proposed method are exhibited on various specimens like USAF resolution, step-like test object and for the biological cells, HeLa cells. The proposed approach enables scalable magnification and resolution by simply rotating the imaging objective turret without the need of changing objective lens in the reference arm.
7‐year follow‐up after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer: Results of a phase 2 clinical trial (2017)

With long-term follow-up, the results of the current prospective study demonstrated outstanding local control and low toxicity after SABR in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC. Regional disease recurrence and distant metastases were the dominant manifestations of failure. Surveillance for second primary lung carcinoma is recommended. Cancer 2017;123:3031-39. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Short-chain free fatty acid receptors FFA2/GPR43 and FFA3/GPR41 as new potential therapeutic targets (2012)

The deorphanization of the free fatty acid (FFA) receptors FFA1 (GPR40), FFA2 (GPR43), FFA3 (GPR41), GPR84, and GPR120 has made clear that the body is capable of recognizing and responding directly to nonesterified fatty acid of virtually any chain length. Colonic fermentation of dietary fiber produces high concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, a process which is important to health. The phylogenetically related 7-transmembrane (7TM) receptors free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA3 are activated by these SCFAs, and several lines of evidence indicate that FFA2 and FFA3 mediate beneficial effects associated with a fiber-rich diet, and that they may be of interest as targets for treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. FFA2 is highly expressed on immune cells, in particular neutrophils, and several studies suggest that the receptor plays a role in diseases involving a dysfunctional neutrophil response, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both FFA2 and FFA3 have been implicated in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and in regulation of appetite. More research is however required to clarify the potential of the receptors as drug targets and establish if activation or inhibition would be the preferred mode of action. The availability of potent and selective receptor modulators is a prerequisite for these studies. The few modulators of FFA2 or FFA3 that have been published hitherto in the peer-reviewed literature in general have properties that make them less than ideal as such tools, but published patent applications indicate that better tool compounds might soon become available which should enable studies critical to validate the receptors as new drug targets.
Production of Functional Lipids Containing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Lipase (2000)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have various physiological functions, and are used as pharmaceutical substances, in cosmetics, food materials, and health foods.
Spatial Variability in Hydrologic Properties of a Volcanic Tuff (1994)

Abstract Spatial variability of hydrologic properties was quantified for a nonwelded‐to‐welded ash flow tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the potential site of a high‐level, nuclear waste repository. Bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity were measured on core specimens collected from outcrops on a grid that extended vertically through the entire unit thickness and horizontally 1.3 km in the direction of ash transport from the volcanic vent. A strong, geologically determined (deterministic) vertical trend in properties was apparent that correlated with visual trends in degree of welding observed in the outcrop. The trend was accurately described by simple regression models based on stratigraphic elevation (vertical distance from the base of the unit divided by unit thickness). No significant horizontal trends in properties were detected along the length of the transect. The validity of the developed model was tested by comparing model predictions with measured porosity values from additional outcrop sections and boreholes that extended 3000 m north, 1500 m northeast, and 6000 m south of the study area. The model accurately described vertical porosity variations except for locations very close to the source caldera, where the model underpredicted porosity in the upper half of the section. The presence of deterministic geologic trends, such as those demonstrated for an ash flow unit in this study, can simplify the collection of site characterization data and the development of site‐scale models.
Learning a Robust Relevance Model for Search Using Kernel Methods (2011)

This paper points out that many search relevance models in information retrieval, such as the Vector Space Model, BM25 and Language Models for Information Retrieval, can be viewed as a similarity function between pairs of objects of different types, referred to as an S-function. An S-function is specifically defined as the dot product between the images of two objects in a Hilbert space mapped from two different input spaces. One advantage of taking this view is that one can take a unified and principled approach to address the issues with regard to search relevance. The paper then proposes employing a kernel method to learn a robust relevance model as an S-function, which can effectively deal with the term mismatch problem, one of the biggest challenges in search. The kernel method exploits a positive semi-definite kernel referred to as an S-kernel. The paper shows that when using an S-kernel the model learned by the kernel method is guaranteed to be an S-function. The paper then gives more general principles for constructing S-kernels. A specific implementation of the kernel method is proposed using the Ranking SVM techniques and click-through data. The proposed approach is employed to learn a relevance model as an extension of BM25, referred to as Robust BM25. Experimental results on web search and enterprise search data show that Robust BM25 significantly outperforms baseline methods and can successfully tackle the term mismatch problem.
Cerebral SPECT imaging with different acquisition schemes using varying levels of multiplexing versus sensitivity in an adaptive multi-pinhole brain-dedicated scanner (2021)

Application of multi-pinhole collimator in pinhole-based SPECT increases detection sensitivity. The presence of multiplexing in projection images due to the usage of multiple pinholes can further improve the sensitivity at the cost of adding data ambiguity. We are developing a next-generation adaptive brain-dedicated SPECT system -AdaptiSPECT-C. The AdaptiSPECT-C can adapt the multiplexing level and system sensitivity using adaptable pinhole modules. In this study, we investigated the performance of 4 data acquisition schemes with different multiplexing levels and sensitivities on cerebral SPECT imaging. Schemes #1, #2, and #3 have <1%, 67%, and 31% overall multiplexing, respectively, while the 4th scheme without multiplexing is considered as ground truth. The ground-truth and schemes #1-3 have 1.0, 1.7, 5.1, and 4.0 times higher sensitivity, respectively, compared to a dual-headed parallel-hole SPECT system at matched spatial resolution. A customized XCAT brain perfusion digital phantom emulating the distribution of I-123 N-isopropyl iodoamphetamine (IMP) in a 99th percentile size male was used for simulations. Data acquisition for each scheme was performed at two count levels (low-count and high-count relative to the recommended clinical count level). The normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) for schemes #1, #2, and #3 with the low-count (high-count) scenario showed 11%, 4%, and 5% (10%, 5%, and 6%) deviation, respectively, from that of the multiplex-free ground truth. For both the low-count and high-count scenarios, scheme #1 resulted in the least accurate activity ratio (AR) for almost all the analyzed gray-matter brain regions. Further schemes #2 or #3 led to the most accurate AR values with both low-count and high-count scenarios for all the analyzed gray-matter regions. It was thus observed that even with this large head size which leads to significant multiplexing levels, the higher sensitivity from multiplexing could to some extent mitigate the data ambiguity and be translated into reconstructed images of higher quality.
High-Field Conduction in Dielectric Liquids Revisited (1985)

The various mechanisms proposed to explain the conductivity of organic dielectric liquids at high fields (50 to 2000 kV/cm) are considered and their range of validity assessed. Avalanche ionization and field-increased mobility are negligible, while Onsager enhanced dissociation of electrolytes can be very effective, but only in hydrocarbons. An ubiquitous phenomenon is oxidoreduction of neutrals followed by ion injection; the quantitative law depends on the shape of the barrier the ions must surmount. At very high fields, however, field emission of electrons at the cathode must be dominant. Abatement of highfield conduction is possible and shows promise of new applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of 2,4,6‐Trimethylphenol with Oxygen. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Life after graduation: Development of an automatic measurement system: A lab experience (2019)

I must admit that before I started thinking about what to write in this issue of the magazine, I didn't know what AUTOTESTCON was. I had guessed it was a conference on automation, but I had never looked around to see what topics were covered.
Lower buffet prices lead to less taste satisfaction (1019.16) (2014)

Objective: In an all‐you‐can‐eat (AYCE) buffet, how does a diner’s taste evaluation change as they eat and based on how much they paid for the buffet? Methods : A field experiment was conducted in which diners at an AYCE restaurant were either charged $4 or $8 for an Italian lunch buffet. Their taste evaluation of each piece of pizza they had was taken along with other measures of behavior and self‐perceptions. The trend of their ratings was analyzed using 2x3 mixed design ANOVA. Results: Diners who paid $4 for their buffet rated their initial piece of pizza as less tasty, less satisfactory and less enjoyable and a downward trend was exhibited with each additional piece (p=0.02). Those who paid $8 did not experience the same decrement in taste, satisfaction and enjoyment. Conclusions: Paying less for an AYCE experience has a number of surprising problems. It not only leads a person to rate the food as less enjoyable but also every additional piece as even less enjoyable. A diner wanting a more enjoyable and perhaps healthier experience might want to realize that when they go to such a buffet, they get what they pay for.
Novel optically active dopants for ferroelectric liquid crystals (1991)

Abstract Optically active compounds derived from 1-(4-substituted-phenyl)ethanols were evaluated as a dopant for ferroelectric liquid crystals. The effects of the restriction of the rotational freedom around the chiral center on the spontaneous polarization and the response time will be discussed.
Fault Simulation of Parametric Bridging Faults in (1993)

The fault simulation of resistive faults in- side complex CMOS macro-gates requires proper evaluation of resistances, in order to correctly determine realistic fault cov- erages. To this purpose, the present work illustrates a novel approach applicable to a large category of faults (bridgings, transistor stuck-ons and node stuck-ats) giving rise to resistive paths between power-supply and ground, hence being all indi- cated by the general term of bridging Such a method, avoiding single-fault injection procedure, consists of a fault analysis performed inside macro-gates aimed at determining the threshold resistance discriminating whether or not a given fault is detectable as a logic error; this analysis is performed inside CMOS macro-gates whose output is observable, as determined by means of any method andlor simulator. Finally, to fully characterize the quality of a test sequence with regard to resis- tive faults, a new definition of fault coverage is pre- sented, because the common concept of fault detection is not applicable to parametric faults.