gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Nanoplatelets/Chitosan-Modified Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Label-Free Detection of Haptoglobin (2020)

Elevated levels of haptoglobin, a blood serum protein, have been implicated in a variety of disorders, such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease, to name a few. Due to its link to many disorders, it is therefore essential to develop a simple but sensitive technique for the detection of haptoglobin for the purpose of disease monitoring. To this end, we have developed a label-free electrochemical immunosensor that is superior to the conventional methods currently available for haptoglobin detection. The immunosensor involves simple physisorption of graphene nanoplatelets with the polysaccharide chitosan to develop a GNPs/Chi nanocomposite for subsequent detection of electrochemical signal, and together their collective properties synergistically resulted in a highly sensitive detection method. The immunosensor was able to detect a wide linear range of concentrations from 1 ng mL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 30 fg mL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with a low limit of detection of 30 fg mL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . This developed immunosensor has proven to be extremely selective with great reproducibility and stability, with resistance to interference for the detection of haptoglobin. It is additionally sensitive enough to detect haptoglobin in human serum samples.
[State of the art in CT evaluation of gastric cancer]. (2009)

CT应用于胃癌诊断始于20世纪90年代初期[1],近20年间经历了由旋转-平移CT到单排螺旋CT,再到多排螺旋CT(MDCT)的发展过程.CT在胃癌影像学应用从最初的检出和诊断到后来的分期评价,早期胃癌检出率由30%提高到90%以上[2],T分期准确率也从40%提高到80%以上[1,3].随着影像技术进展,CT在胃癌中已突破单一的诊断+分期模式,逐步形成涵盖精确分期、疗效评价、预后评估和术后并发症检测及随访为一体的影像学评价体系.本文将总结分析目前胃癌CT影像学的研究现状,并对其面临的机遇和挑战进行展望。
Adhesion molecule-modified biomaterials for neural tissue engineering (2009)

Adhesion molecules (AMs) represent one class of biomolecules that promote central nervous system regeneration. These tethered molecules provide cues to regenerating neurons that recapitulate the native brain environment. Improving cell adhesive potential of non-adhesive biomaterials is therefore a common goal in neural tissue engineering. This review discusses common AMs used in neural biomaterials and the mechanism of cell attachment to these AMs. Methods to modify materials with AMs are discussed and compared. Additionally, patterning of AMs for achieving specific neuronal responses is explored.
RTD/2-D MESFET logic element for compact, ultra-low-power electronics (1997)

We describe compact and highly functional logic elements utilizing a two-dimensional (2-D) MESFET with a resonant tunneling diode load. The 2-D MESFET uses two lateral Schottky gate contacts to modulate the width of the 2-D electron gas layer. The novel contact geometry results in reduced gate capacitance, ultra-low-power performance, and the elimination of the Narrow Channel Effect (NCE) compared to conventional HFETs or MESFETs. The advantage of using an RTD as the load device is the reduction of the static power consumption at the logical high input level. We demonstrate low-power RTD/2-D MESFET inverter operation as well as compact NAND and NOR gates using a single RTD/2-D MESFET pair. We also present optimized inverter elements and estimate from SPICE simulations the power-delay products of RTD/2-D MESFET ring oscillators. Compared to recently reported values for CMOS on SOI, the RTD/2-D MESFET technology is expected to exhibit one order of magnitude less active power dissipation and a factor of 3 lower power-delay product.
Highly efficient and switchable electron-transfer system realised by peptide-assisted J-type assembly of porphyrin (2010)

We propose a new strategy for fabrication of a phase-separated bicontinuous system composed of low-molecular donor and acceptor that is built up through coordination-based orientation of pyridylated fullerene on a π-conjugated zinc-porphyrin J-type assembly. This complex system exhibits extremely efficient and switchable fluorescence quenching.
CT Evaluation by Artificial Intelligence for Atherosclerosis, Stenosis and Vascular Morphology (CLARIFY): A Multi-center, international study (2021)

AI-aided approach to CCTA interpretation determines coronary stenosis and CAD-RADS category in close agreement with consensus of L3 expert readers. There was a wide range of atherosclerosis identified through AI.
Adenovirus Culture (2001)

Abstract Adenovirus culture is the propagation of adenovirus in tissue culture for subsequent use for basic and applied virus research.
Correlation‐based modeling and separation of geomagnetic field components (2016)

Abstract We introduce a technique for the modeling and separation of geomagnetic field components that is based on an analysis of their correlation structures alone. The inversion is based on a Bayesian formulation, which allows the computation of uncertainties. The technique allows the incorporation of complex measurement geometries like observatory data in a simple way. We show how our technique is linked to other well‐known inversion techniques. A case study based on observational data is given.
Etv2 transcriptionally regulates Yes1 and promotes cell proliferation during embryogenesis (2019)

Etv2, an Ets-transcription factor, governs the specification of the earliest hemato-endothelial progenitors during embryogenesis. While the transcriptional networks during hemato-endothelial development have been well described, the mechanistic details are incompletely defined. In the present study, we described a new role for Etv2 as a regulator of cellular proliferation via Yes1 in mesodermal lineages. Analysis of an Etv2-ChIPseq dataset revealed significant enrichment of Etv2 peaks in the upstream regions of cell cycle regulatory genes relative to non-cell cycle genes. Our bulk-RNAseq analysis using the doxycycline-inducible Etv2 ES/EB system showed increased levels of cell cycle genes including E2f4 and Ccne1 as early as 6 h following Etv2 induction. Further, EdU-incorporation studies demonstrated that the induction of Etv2 resulted in a ~2.5-fold increase in cellular proliferation, supporting a proliferative role for Etv2 during differentiation. Next, we identified Yes1 as the top-ranked candidate that was expressed in Etv2-EYFP<sup>+</sup> cells at E7.75 and E8.25 using single cell RNA-seq analysis. Doxycycline-mediated induction of Etv2 led to an increase in Yes1 transcripts in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, the level of Yes1 was reduced in Etv2 null embryoid bodies. Using bioinformatics algorithms, biochemical, and molecular biology techniques, we show that Etv2 binds to the promoter region of Yes1 and functions as a direct upstream transcriptional regulator of Yes1 during embryogenesis. These studies enhance our understanding of the mechanisms whereby Etv2 governs mesodermal fate decisions early during embryogenesis.
Operations on type-2 fuzzy sets based on the set of pseudo-highest intersection points of convex fuzzy sets (2010)

One of the main burdens of using general type-2 fuzzy sets relates to the cost of their basic operations. In this paper we will discuss how the set of pseudo highest intersection points of two convex fuzzy sets can be used to provide algorithms for performing union and intersection operations on convex type-2 fuzzy sets with min and product t-norm and max t-conorm.
Cell Wall Polysaccharides (2004)

This chapter describes methods to isolate, identify and quantify the polymers that make up cell walls in plants. We begin with a microscopic examination of plant material to determine the amount of starch present. Two basic protocols and three alternate protocols are provided to isolate the cell wall polysaccharides. For plant materials containing uronic acids, e.g., pectic substances, we provide a simple, colorimetric protocol for determination of total uronic acid. We allow for the determination of both methyl esters and acetylation in pectic substances. We describe a base hydrolysis protocol followed by an HPLC quantification of the resulting methanol and acetic acid. Finally, we provide a colorimetric method for determining the amount of β-glucan in barley, oats, and various processed foods.
Polyphenols and Maillard Reaction Products in Dried Prunus spinosa Fruits: Quality Aspects and Contribution to Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity in Human Immune Cells Ex Vivo (2022)

Dried <i>Prunus spinosa</i> fruits (sloes) are folk phytotherapeutics applied to treat chronic inflammatory disorders. However, their pharmacological potential, activity vectors, and drying-related changes in bioactive components remain unexplored. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of dried sloes in ex vivo models of human neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and establish their main active components. It was revealed that the fruit extracts significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory burst, downregulated the production of elastase (ELA-2) and TNF-α, and upregulated the IL-10 secretion by immune cells under pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant stimulation. The slightly reduced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was also observed. The structural identification of active compounds, including 45 phenolics and three Maillard reaction products (MRPs) which were formed during drying, was performed by an integrated approach combining LC-MS/MS, preparative HPLC isolation, and NMR studies. The cellular tests of four isolated model compounds (chlorogenic acid, quercetin, procyanidin B2, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), supported by statistical correlation studies, revealed a significant polyphenolic contribution and a slight impact of MRPs on the extracts' effects. Moreover, a substantial synergy was observed for phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed proanthocyanidins, and MPRs. These results might support the phytotherapeutic use of dried <i>P. spinosa</i> fruits to relieve inflammation and establish the quality control procedure for the extracts prepared thereof.
Counter-jamming using mixed mechanical and software interference cancellation (2013)

Wireless networks are an integral part of today's cyber-physical infrastructure. Their resiliency to jamming is critical not only for military applications, but also for civilian and commercial applications. In this paper, we design, prototype, and evaluate a system for cancelling jammers that are significantly more powerful than the transmitting node. Our system combines a novel mechanical beam-forming design with a fast auto-configuration algorithm and a software radio digital interference cancellation algorithm. Our mechanical beam-forming uses a custom-designed two-elements architecture and an iterative algorithm for jammer signal identification and cancellation. We have built a fully functional prototype (using 3D printers, servos, USRP-SDR) and demonstrate a robust communication in the presence of jammers operating at five orders of magnitude stronger power than the transmitting node. Similar performance in traditional phased arrays and radar systems requires tens to hundreds of elements, high cost and size
Darstellung von Schwefel‐Stickstoff‐Bor‐Verbindungen; Kristall‐ und Molekülstruktur eines SNB‐Achtringes (1980)

Abstract 1,1,5,5‐Tetramethyl‐3,7‐diphenyl‐1λ 6 , 5λ 6 ,2,4,6,8,3,7‐dithiatetrazadiborocin ( 4 ), ein achtgliedriger Ring, wurde durch Reaktion von Dichlorphenylboran ( 3 ) mit S , S ‐Dimethyl‐ N , N ′‐bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfodiimid ( 2 ) dargestellt. Die Umsetzung von 3 mit N , N ‐Dimethyl‐ N , N ′‐bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfamid ( 5 ) ergibt ein polymeres Produkt 6 . Die Struktur von 4 wurde aus Diffraktometer‐Einkristalldaten bestimmt und zu einem ungewichteten R ‐Wert von 0.079 verfeinert. 4 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pbca . Der Achtring zeigt erhebliche Abweichungen von der Planarität.
Implications of the radio spectral index transition in LS I +61 ◦ 303 for its INTEGRAL data analysis (Research Note) (2012)

Context. The TeV emitting X-ray binary LS I +61 ◦ 303 has two radio periodicities that correspond to a large periodic outburst with the same period as the orbit, 26.5 days (phase Φ), and a second periodicity of 1667 days (phase Θ), which modulates the orbital phase and amplitude of the large outburst. Analyses of the radio spectral index revealed in LS I +61 ◦ 303 the presence of the critical transition typical for microquasars from optically thick emission (related to a steady jet) to an optically thin outburst (related to a transient jet), and found that it occurs at Φcrit, which is modulated by Θ: Φcrit = f (Θ). Aims. We examine the possible implications of averaging high energy data over large Θ and Φ intervals in the light of puzzling published INTEGRAL results, which differ for different averaging of the data. Methods. In microquasars, a simultaneous transition between two X-ray states occurs at the switch from optically thick radio emission to an optically thin radio outburst, from the low/hard to the steep power-law state. Assuming that the same transition occurs in LS I +61 ◦ 303 at Φcrit, we can show qualitatively the effect of averaging high energy data on Θ, by analysing the effects of averaging radio spectral index data across the same Θ interval. We then model the two X-ray states, low/hard and steep power-law state, and show quantitatively how their mixing can affect the results. Results. When folded over too large a Θ interval, spectral data from INTEGRAL can yield a false picture of the emission behaviour of the source along the orbit because it may be mixing two spectral states. Furthermore, averaging the data along the orbit may result in a dominant low/hard spectral state, which, for insufficiently extended sampling, might appear without a cut-off. Conclusions. The INTEGRAL results can be interpreted as two X-ray states that alternate with each other along the orbit. The implications of this analysis for HE/VHE data from LS I +61 ◦ 303 and a possible connection between HE/VHE emission and the
Microrandomized trials: An experimental design for developing just-in-time adaptive interventions. (2015)

Microrandomized trials can help researchers understand whether their interventions are having intended effects, when and for whom they are effective, and what factors moderate the interventions' effects, enabling creation of more effective JITAIs.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils (2008)

Mineralized collagen fibrils constitute a basic structural unit of collagenous mineralized tissues such as dentin and bone. Understanding of the mechanisms of collagen mineralization is vital for development of new materials for the hard tissue repair. We carried out bio-inspired mineralization of reconstituted collagen fibrils using poly-l-aspartic acid, as an analog of non-collagenous acidic proteins. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies of the reaction products revealed stacks of ribbon-shaped apatitic crystals, deposited within the fibrils with their c-axes co-aligned with the fibril axes. Such structural organization closely resembles mineralized collagen of bone and dentin. Initial mineral deposits formed in the fibrils lacked a long range crystallographic order and transformed into crystals with time. Interestingly, the shape and organization of these amorphous deposits was similar to the crystals found in the mature mineralized fibrils. We demonstrate that the interactions between collagen and poly-l-aspartic acid are essential for the mineralized collagen fibrils formation, while collagen alone does not affect mineral formation and poly-l-aspartic acid inhibits mineralization in a concentration dependant manner. These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of collagen mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bio-inspired nanostructured materials.
Ultra-high strength martensitic 420 stainless steel with high ductility (2019)

Martensitic 420 stainless steel was successfully fabricated by Selective laser melting (SLM) with >99% relative density and high mechanical strength of 1670 MPa, yield strength of 600 MPa and elongation of 3.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy disclosed that the microstructure of SLM 420 consisted of colonies of 0.5–1 μm sized cells and submicron martensitic needles with 11 wt. % austenite. Tempering of as-built SLM 420 stainless steel at 400 °C resulted in ultra-high strength material with high ductility. Ultimate tensile strength of 1800 MPa and yield strength of 1400 MPa were recorded with an elongation of 25%. Phase transformation analysis was carried out using Rietveld refinement of XRD data and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), which showed the transformation of martensite to austenite, and resulted in austenite content of 36 wt. % in tempered SLM 420 stainless steel. Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), austenite formation and fine cellular substructure along with sub-micron martensite needles resulted in stainless steel with high tensile strength and ductility. The advanced mechanical properties were compared with conventionally made ultra-high-strength steels, and the microstructure-properties relationships were disclosed.
Laurentide Ice Sheet basal temperatures at the Last Glacial Cycle as inferred from borehole data (2015)

Abstract. Thirteen temperature-depth profiles (&amp;amp;geq; 1500 m) measured in boreholes in eastern and central Canada were inverted to determine the ground surface temperature histories during and after the last glacial cycle. The sites are located in the southern part of the region covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The inversions yield ground surface temperatures ranging from −1.4 to 3.0 °C throughout the last glacial cycle. These temperatures, near the pressure melting point of ice, allowed basal flow and fast flowing ice streams at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Despite such conditions, which have been inferred from geomorphological data, the ice sheet persisted throughout the last glacial cycle. Our results suggest some regional trends in basal temperatures with possible control by internal heat flow.
Quantum Resources Required to Block-Encode a Matrix of Classical Data (2022)

We provide a modular circuit-level implementation and resource estimates for several methods of block-encoding a dense <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N\times N$</tex-math></inline-formula> matrix of classical data to precision <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula> ; the minimal-depth method achieves a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> -depth of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{O}(\log (N/\epsilon)),$</tex-math></inline-formula> while the minimal-count method achieves a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> -count of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{O}(N\log (1/\epsilon))$</tex-math></inline-formula> . We examine resource tradeoffs between the different approaches, and we explore implementations of two separate models of quantum random access memory (QRAM). As part of this analysis, we provide a novel state preparation routine with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> -depth <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{O}(\log (N/\epsilon)),$</tex-math></inline-formula> improving on previous constructions with scaling <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{O}(\log ^{2} (N/\epsilon))$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Our results go beyond simple query complexity and provide a clear picture into the resource costs when large amounts of classical data are assumed to be accessible to quantum algorithms.
Acute Ethanol Intoxication Inhibits Neutrophil beta2-Integrin Expression in Rats During Endotoxemia (1998)

The effects of acute ethanol intoxication on neutrophil [polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)] adhesion molecule expression and certain other functional properties during endotoxemia were studied in rats to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of ethanol. Acute ethanol intoxication was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 20% ethanol at a dose of 5.5 g of ethanol/kg. Control animals received an intraperitoneal injection of saline. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal injection, animals were given a 90-min intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (total dose of 112.5 μg/rat in 2.5 ml of saline) or saline. Certain rats received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 50 μg/kg in 5% dextrose, subcutaneous injection twice daily) or vehicle pretreatment for 2 days before intravenous endotoxin infusion. Endotoxemia significantly upregulated CD11b/c and CD18 expression on PMNs when compared with those of saline-infused rats. Acute ethanol intoxication inhibited this endotoxin-induced upregulation of CD11b/c and CD18 expression on PMNs. Ethanol intoxication also suppressed the phagocytic activities of PMNs in saline-infused rats, but this suppression failed to reach statistical significance in endotoxin-infused rats. Hydrogen peroxide generation by PMNs in saline- or endotoxin-infused rats was not affected by ethanol intoxication. Histological examination showed extensive PMN sequestration in the liver after endotoxin infusion, and ethanol intoxication significantly attenuated this hepatic sequestration of PMNs. G-CSF pretreatment enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, CD11b/c and CD18 expression in endotoxin-infused rats, and prevented the ethanol-induced inhibition of neutrophil CD18 expression and phagocytosis. The impairment of β2-integrin expression on PMNs may be one mechanism underlying ethanol-induced defects of neutrophil delivery into tissue sites of infection. G-CSF may be of benefit to the infected alcoholic host by enhancing leukocyte defense functions.
The DigiSync — An Advanced Intelligent Bar Code Reader and Multiformat Film Counter/Calculator (1991)

The DigiSync® was originally conceived by the Technical Research and Development Division of the National Film Board of Canada as an intelligent, multipurpose, multiformat film counter/calculator designed to replace the traditional mechanical footage counter on benchtop film synchronizers. The prototype unit offered interformat translation, calculator functionality, two independent counters, and a serial communications capability to permit enhanced automation opportunities. Its ability to compute in all film and video formats provided a facile link between the film and video worlds. After the ten original prototypes had been in service for about a year, the advent of machine-readable edge numbers made it apparent that an opportunity existed to enhance the original design to provide even greater automation of the film post-production process. Accordingly, the National Film Board of Canada funded the developer of the prototypes, Research in Motion Ltd. of Waterloo, Ontario, to redesign the unit to take advantage of this opportunity. The result is the production version of the DigiSync.