gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of gasotransmittersNO,H2SandCOin myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning (2014)

Ischaemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of cardioprotective therapeutic agents remains a partly unmet need and a challenge for both medicine and industry, with significant financial and social implications. Protection of the myocardium can be achieved by mechanical vascular occlusions such as preconditioning (PC), when brief episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) are experienced prior to ischaemia; postconditioning (PostC), when the brief episodes are experienced at the immediate onset of reperfusion; and remote conditioning (RC), when the brief episodes are experienced in another vascular territory. The elucidation of the signalling pathways, which underlie the protective effects of PC, PostC and RC, would be expected to reveal novel molecular targets for cardioprotection that could be modulated by pharmacological agents to prevent reperfusion injury. Gasotransmitters including NO, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) are a growing family of regulatory molecules that affect physiological and pathological functions. NO, H2S and CO share several common properties; they are beneficial at low concentrations but hazardous in higher amounts; they relax smooth muscle cells, inhibit apoptosis and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In the cardiovascular system, NO, H2S and CO induce vasorelaxation and promote cardioprotection. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge on the role of the gasotransmitters NO, H2S and CO in myocardial I/R injury and cardioprotection provided by conditioning strategies and highlight future perspectives in cardioprotection by NO, H2S, CO, as well as their donor molecules.
RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS BY INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF VITAMIN A (1951)

SINCE Straumfjord<sup>1</sup>reported that the daily administration of 100,000 I. U. of vitamin A for periods of nine to 18 mo. resulted in the disappearance or the improvement of the lesions in all but three of 100 cases of acne vulgaris, vitamin A has occupied a prominent place in the treatment of that disease. Saunders<sup>2</sup>found that 100,000 units of vitamin A taken daily for chronic sinusitis cleared the acne vulgaris on his back in six months. Recurrence was noted after four months when vitamin A was stopped. The vitamin therapy was started again, and in three months the back was clear once more. Obermayer and Frost<sup>3</sup>were less enthusiastic but stated that vitamin A therapy is undoubtedly of benefit in the handling of some forms of acne vulgaris while others do not seem influenced by it. It seems that acne which is characterized by prominent follicular
MULTIGRAIN BREAD – ITS DOUGH RHEOLOGY, MICROSTRUCTURE, QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (2010)

ABSTRACT Effect of replacement of wheat flour with 5, 10, 15 and 20% multigrain mix (MGM) prepared by combining soya bean, oats, fenugreek seeds, flaxseed and sesame seeds on rheological and bread‐making characteristics of wheat flour was studied. Use of increasing amount of MGM from 0 to 20% increased farinograph water absorption, caused disruption of protein matrix, decreased volume and increased crumb firmness value showing adverse effect of MGM on the volume and texture of bread. Addition of combination of additives to wheat flour with 15% MGM brought about significant improvement in the dough strength and overall quality of the bread. The protein, fat and dietary fiber contents of bread with 15% MGM was 1.5, 5.0 and 2.5 times higher than the control. The results showed that bread with improved quality characteristics and perceptible taste of multigrains could be produced by adding 15% MGM and combination of additives. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Multigrain breads are breads made with multiple grains, legumes and seeds. These breads are more nutritious, richer in flavor and tastier than normal bread. This article discusses the effect of replacement of wheat flour with a mix consisting of soya bean, oats, fenugreek seeds, flaxseed and sesame seeds on the dough properties and the quality of bread. This paper also highlights the improvement brought about by the addition of combination of additives on the rheological and bread‐making quality of wheat flour with 15% multigrain mix. This information will have a practical application in the production of acceptable quality multigrain bread having typical grainy taste and improved nutritional characteristics in large scale.
Sub-Terahertz MIMO Spatial Multiplexing in Indoor Propagation Environments (2022)

A sub-Terahertz band is envisioned to play a great role in 6G to achieve extreme high data-rate communication. In addition to very wide band transmission, we need spatial multiplexing using a hybrid MIMO system. A recently presented paper, however, reveals that the number of observed multipath components in a sub-Terahertz band is very few in indoor environments. A channel with few multipath components is called sparse. The number of layers (streams), i.e. multiplexing gain in a MIMO system does not exceed the number of multipaths. The sparsity may restrict the spatial multiplexing gain of sub-Terahertz systems, and the poor multiplexing gain may limit the data rate of communication systems. This paper describes fundamental considerations on sub-Terahertz MIMO spatial multiplexing in indoor environments. We examined how we should steer analog beams to multipath components to achieve higher channel capacity. Furthermore, for different beam allocation schemes, we investigated eigenvalue distributions of a channel Gram matrix, power allocation to each layer, and correlations between analog beams. Through simulation results, we have revealed that the analog beams should be steered to all the multipath components to lower correlations and to achieve higher channel capacity.
Tumor-Specific Mitochondrial DNA Variants Are Rarely Detected in Cell-Free DNA (2018)

The use of blood-circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a "liquid biopsy" in oncology is being explored for its potential as a cancer biomarker. Mitochondria contain their own circular genomic entity (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA), up to even thousands of copies per cell. The mutation rate of mtDNA is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the nuclear DNA. Tumor-specific variants have been identified in tumors along the entire mtDNA, and their number varies among and within tumors. The high mtDNA copy number per cell and the high mtDNA mutation rate make it worthwhile to explore the potential of tumor-specific cf-mtDNA variants as cancer marker in the blood of cancer patients. We used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to profile the entire mtDNA of 19 tissue specimens (primary tumor and/or metastatic sites, and tumor-adjacent normal tissue) and 9 cfDNA samples, originating from 8 cancer patients (5 breast, 3 colon). For each patient, tumor-specific mtDNA variants were detected and traced in cfDNA by SMRT sequencing and/or digital PCR to explore their feasibility as cancer biomarker. As a reference, we measured other blood-circulating biomarkers for these patients, including driver mutations in nuclear-encoded cfDNA and cancer-antigen levels or circulating tumor cells. Four of the 24 (17%) tumor-specific mtDNA variants were detected in cfDNA, however at much lower allele frequencies compared to mutations in nuclear-encoded driver genes in the same samples. Also, extensive heterogeneity was observed among the heteroplasmic mtDNA variants present in an individual. We conclude that there is limited value in tracing tumor-specific mtDNA variants in blood-circulating cfDNA with the current methods available.
Quantum efficiency of CMOS integrated silicon n+pp+ light-emitting devices as function of current density (2004)

A remarkable increase in the quantum efficiency and light emission intensity has been observed as a function of the current density for n/sup +/pp/sup +/ silicon integrated light emitting devices which were fabricated with standard silicon CMOS technology. An increase of about two orders of magnitude for the quantum efficiency from 1.6 /spl times/ 10/sup -7/ to 5.8 /spl times/ 10/sup -6/ for current densities ranging from 1.6 /spl times/ 10/sup +2/ to 2.2 /spl times/ 10/sup +4/ A.cm/sup -2/ is observed. The highest efficiency devices operate in the pn reverse breakdown avalanche breakdown mode and utilize current density increase by means of electrical field density confinement at a wedge shaped n/sup +/ tip placed in a region of lower doping density opposite a highly conductive region. A best external quantum conversion efficiency of 5.8 /spl times/ 10/sup -6/ and light emission intensity of 0.1W per cm/sup 2/ were recorded at a current density level of 2.2 /spl times/ 10/sup +4/ at only 80 /spl mu/m total current and 8V operating condition. This corresponds to a light intensity emission intensity of approximately 1nW in a 1 /spl times/ 1 micron confined area on chip.
Ventricular Radius Reduction Without Resection (1999)

Reducing a dilated left ventricle's radius by wedge resection lowers wall stress, improving performance. However, compliance falls, stroke volume improvement is limited, and, later, both functional deterioration and serious dysrhythmias are frequent. These all may result from loss of circumference, loss of contractile mass, and myocardial trauma, none of which would occur in geometric remodeling. One specific technique is bimeridianal restraint, which uses two indenting bars to remodel the left ventricle (LV) as two widely communicating "lobes" of reduced radius. Computational analysis of this technique, applied to the dilated ventricular dimensions of four pretransplant patients, showed that 20% radius reduction would be accomplished by two < or =18 mm wide bars, indenting the epicardium < or =8.3 mm with < or =6.4 mm greatest outward displacement. Projected stroke volume (SV) for the subject ventricles was then modeled and compared with projections for resected ventricles. Assuming that equally improved contractile fraction will follow equal radius reduction, however that reduction is accomplished, improvement is dramatic: if postresection remodeling SV were 1.0, 1.2, or 1.5 times baseline, then postgeometric remodeling SV would be 1.36+/-0.06, 1.66+/-0.05, or 2.14+/-0.04 times baseline, respectively. These results, preservation of contractile mass and circumferential length, complete reversibility, and minimal operative trauma, warrant study of implementing mechanical designs.
Pentoxifylline Inhibits Ig κ Gene Transcription and Rearrangements in Pre-B Cells (1998)

Abstract Pentoxifylline (PF) has been used in a wide variety of clinical situations; however, the molecular consequences of this drug are not well characterized. In this paper we assayed the effects of PF in two models of pre-B differentiation. In 70Z pre-B cells, transcriptional induction of rearranged Ig κ-chain gene in response to LPS was suppressed by PF, without affecting the induction of Rel family proteins. In contrast, κ induction by IFN-γ was not suppressed by PF, indicating that the drug inhibited certain activation pathways. We also found that LPS-induced activation of germline κ transcription and Vκ to Jκ recombination were inhibited by PF in the pre-B cell line 38B9. These observations suggest that PF may adversely affect B lymphopoiesis during chronic administration.
Temperature dependence of the molecular oxygen photoabsorption cross section near the H Lyman α line (1977)

Molecular oxygen photoabsorption cross sections have been measured at 0.2-Å intervals between 1214.0 and 1218.6 Å at temperatures of 294, 195, and 82 K. The measured pressure dependence of the cross sections is in satisfactory agreement with earlier observations, but the room temperature cross sections are found to be significantly different from previously reported high-resolution measurements in the Lyman α window. At the lower temperatures the shape of the cross section curve changes, and the cross sections near the absorption minimum are found to be substantially less than at room temperatures. The application of these results to the analysis of rocket measurements of the extinction of solar Lyman α radiation in the atmosphere is discussed, and it is shown that it is essential to take into account both the temperature and the wavelength dependence of the molecular oxygen photoabsorption cross section if reliable oxygen concentrations are to be deduced from the rocket measurements.
The safety designs for the TITAN reversed-field pinch reactor study (1988)

Abstract TITAN is a study to investigate the potential of the reversed-field pinch concept as a compact, high-power density energy system. Two reactor concepts were developed, a self-cooled lithium design with vanadium structure and an aqueous solution loop-in-pool design, both operating at 18 MW/m 2 . The key safety features of the TITAN-I lithium-vanadium blanket design are in material selection, fusion power core configuration selection, lithium piping connections, and passive lithium drain tank system. Based on these safety features and results from accident evaluation, TITAN-I can at least be rated at a level 3 of safety assurance. For the TITAN-II aqueous loop-in-pool design, the key passive feature is the complete submersion of the fusion power core and the corresponding primary coolant loop system into a pool of low temperature water. Based on this key safety design feature, the TITAN-II design can be rated at a level 2 of safety assurance.
Low temperature dry reforming of methane over plasmonic Ni photocatalysts under visible light irradiation (2019)

CO<sub>2</sub> reforming with CH<sub>4</sub> proceeded at a low temperature (473 K) to form syngas over plasmonic Ni catalysts under visible light.
Pilea microphylla Liebm. (2009)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/17131/thumbnail.jpg
Sparse Deep Stacking Network for Image Classification (2015)

Sparse coding can learn good robust representation to noise and model more higher-order representation for image classification. However, the inference algorithm is computationally expensive even though the supervised signals are used to learn compact and discriminative dictionaries in sparse coding techniques. Luckily, a simplified neural network module (SNNM) has been proposed to directly learn the discriminative dictionaries for avoiding the expensive inference. But the SNNM module ignores the sparse representations. Therefore, we propose a sparse SNNM module by adding the mixed-norm regularization (l1/l2 norm). The sparse SNNM modules are further stacked to build a sparse deep stacking network (S-DSN). In the experiments, we evaluate S-DSN with four databases, including Extended YaleB, AR, 15 scene and Caltech101. Experimental results show that our model outperforms related classification methods with only a linear classifier. It is worth noting that we reach 98.8% recognition accuracy on 15 scene.
Public-Key Cryptography and Password Protocols: The Multi-User Case. (1999)

The problem of password authentication over an insecure network when the user holds only a human-memorizable password has received much attention in the literature. The first rigorous treatment was provided by Halevi and Krawczyk, who studied off-line password guessing attacks in the scenario in which the authentication server possesses a pair of private and public keys. In this work we: ffl Show the inadequacy of both the HK formalization and protocol in the case where there is more than a single user: using a simple and realistic attack, we prove failure of the HK solution in the two-user case. ffl Propose a new definition of security for the multiuser case, expressed in terms of transcripts of the entire system, rather than individual protocol executions. ffl Suggest several ways of achieving this security against both static and dynamic adversaries. In a recent revision of their paper, Halevi and Krawczyk again attempted to handle the multi-user case. We expose a weakness in their revised definition. 1
Gait patterns in parkinsonian patients with or without mild cognitive impairment (2012)

Although in recent years the relationship between cognition and gait in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received increasing attention, the specific connections between gait patterns and cognitive features are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to describe the gait patterns in patients affected by PD with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI+ and MCI-, respectively). We also sought to find an association between gait patterns and specific cognitive profiles. Using a gait analysis system, we compared the gait patterns among MCI+ patients (n = 19), MCI- patients (n - 24), and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HS; n = 20) under the following conditions: (1) normal gait, (2) motor dual task, and (3) cognitive dual task. In PD patients, gait parameters were evaluated in both the off and on states. Memory, executive, and visuospatial domains were assessed using an extensive neuropsychological battery. Compared with MCI- PD and HS, MCI+ PD patients displayed reduced step length and swing time and impairment of measures of dynamic stability; these dysfunctions were only partially reversed by levodopa. We also found that dual-task conditions affected several walking parameters in MCI+ PD in the off and on states relative to MCI- PD and HS. Factor analysis revealed 2 independent factors, namely, pace and stability. The latter was strongly and directly correlated to the visuospatial domain. In conclusion, dysfunctions on specific gait parameters, which were poorly responsive to levodopa and highly sensitive to dual-task conditions, were associated with MCI in PD patients. Importantly, visuospatial impairment was strongly associated with the development of instability and more generally with the progression of PD.
Mode Domain Spatial Active Noise Control Using Sparse Signal Representation (2018)

Active noise control (ANC) over a sizeable space requires a large number of reference and error microphones to satisfy the spatial Nyquist sampling criterion, which limits the feasibility of practical realization of such systems. This paper proposes a mode-domain feedforward ANC method to attenuate the noise field over a large space while reducing the number of microphones required. We adopt a sparse reference signal representation to precisely calculate the reference mode coefficients. The proposed system consists of circular reference and error microphone arrays, which capture the reference noise signal and residual error signal, respectively, and a circular loudspeaker array to drive the anti-noise signal. Experimental results indicate that above the spatial Nyquist frequency, our proposed method can perform well compared to a conventional methods. Moreover, the proposed method can even reduce the number of reference microphones while achieving better noise attenuation.
A 256-element associative parallel processor (1995)

A 256-element associative processing chip is designed for pixel-parallel image processing and machine vision applications. A five-transistor three-state dynamic memory cell is used, and each processing element has 64 trits of memory. Other processing element components include a function generator, an activity register, and connections to a reconfigurable mesh network and a response resolution subsystem. These are implemented with compact circuits designed within memory pitch constraints. The chip was fabricated in a double-poly CCD-CMOS process and characterized as fully functional. A sample image processing application is demonstrated on a four-chip prototype system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Technical Verification and Assessment of Independent Validation of Biomarker Models for Endometriosis (2019)

There is a great need for a noninvasive diagnosis for endometriosis. Several biomarkers and biomarker panels have been proposed. Biomarker models consisting of CA-125, VEGF, Annexin V, and glycodelin/sICAM-1 were previously developed by our group. The objective of our current study was to assess the impact of technical and biological variability on the performance of those previously developed prediction models in a technical verification and a validation setting. The technical verification cohort consisted of peripheral blood plasma samples from a subset of the patients included in the original study of Vodolazkaia <i>et al.</i> (99 women with and 37 women without endometriosis). The validation study was done in plasma samples of an independent patient cohort (170 women with and 86 women without endometriosis). Single immunoassays were used for CA-125, VEGF-A, sICAM-1, Annexin V, and glycodelin. Statistical analyses were done using univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) approaches. The previously reported prediction models for endometriosis had a low performance in both the technical verification and validation setting. New prediction models were developed, which included CA-125, Annexin V, and sICAM-1, but CA-125 was the only marker that was retained in the models across the technical verification and validation study. Overall, successful validation of a biomarker model depends on several factors such as patient selection, collection methods, assay selection/handling, stability of the marker, and statistical analysis and interpretation. There is a need for standardized studies in large, well-defined patient cohorts with robust assay methodologies.
EUV focus sensor: design and modeling (2005)

We describe performance modeling and design optimization of a prototype EUV focus sensor (FS) designed for use with existing 0.3-NA EUV projection-lithography tools. At 0.3-NA and 13.5-nm wavelength, the depth of focus shrinks to 150 nm increasing the importance of high-sensitivity focal-plane detection tools. The FS is a free-standing Ni grating structure that works in concert with a simple mask pattern of regular lines and spaces at constant pitch. The FS pitch matches that of the image-plane aerial-image intensity: it transmits the light with high efficiency when the grating is aligned with the aerial image laterally and longitudinally. Using a single-element photodetector, to detect the transmitted flux, the FS is scanned laterally and longitudinally so the plane of peak aerial-image contrast can be found. The design under consideration has a fixed image-plane pitch of 80-nm, with aperture widths of 12-40-nm (1-3 wave-lengths), and aspect ratios of 2-8. TEMPEST-3D is used to model the light transmission. Careful attention is paid to the annular, partially coherent, unpolarized illumination and to the annular pupil of the Micro-Exposure Tool (MET) optics for which the FS is designed. The system design balances the opposing needs of high sensitivity and high throughput opti-mizing the signal-to-noise ratio in the measured intensity contrast.