gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of the safety profile for microfocused ultrasound with visualization (2014)

The Safety of Microfocused Ultrasound with Visualization (MFU-V) has been well established in both controlled clinical studies and in clinical use, showing only mild and transient anticipated side effects and only rare unanticipated adverse events (AEs). This publication discusses the safety profile of MFU-V based on data from a variety of sources. Reports of side effects and AEs were obtained from published peer-reviewed medical literature, clinical studies, in-market use reports (AEs reported to the manufacturer), and retrospective chart reviews of patient treatments. Events that were typical included tenderness, redness, and slight edema. Rare events included bruising, welting, and nerve-related effects (paresthesia and paresis). Rare incidence of surface thermal effects was seen in some cases where improper technique was used. In all cases where the device was uses properly, the safety events reported tended to be transient, mild in nature, and resolved without sequelae. In general, unexpected and rare AEs could be attributed to incorrect treatment technique or classified as unrelated to MFU-V treatment. Side effects that do occur are generally mild and transient in nature. MFU-V consistently allows for safe treatment when correct treatment technique is used.
A synthetic tubular molecular transport system (2021)

Abstract We report the bottom-up construction of a macromolecular transport system in which molecular pistons diffusively move through micrometer-long, hollow filaments. The pistons can cover micrometer distances in fractions of seconds. We built the system using multi-layer DNA origami and analyzed the structures of the components using transmission electron microscopy. We studied the motion of the pistons along the tubes using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and performed Langevin simulations to reveal details of the free energy surface that directs the motions of the pistons. The tubular transport system achieves diffusivities and displacement ranges known so far only from natural molecular motors and realizes mobility improvements over five orders of magnitude compared to previous artificial random walker designs. Electric fields can also be employed to actively pull the pistons along the filaments, thereby realizing a nanoscale electric rail system. Our system presents a platform for artificial motors that move autonomously driven by chemical fuels and for performing nanotribology studies, and it could form a basis for future molecular transportation networks.
PEPA Analysis of MAP Effects in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (2007)

To overcome the drawbacks of the mobile IPv6 protocol on handling local mobility management, IETF proposed the HMIPv6 protocol which introduces an intermediate mobility anchor point (MAP) to hide the movement of a mobile node within a local area. However, the MAP forms a bottleneck in the network since all the traffic destined for its served nodes has to go through it. Most research on HMIPv6 focuses on protocol optimisation, and performance analysis of HMIPv6 is usually simulation-based. In this paper, we employ a performance evaluation formalism named PEPA to investigate the performance tradeoffs of MAPs in HMIPv6. Performance measures such as response time and MAP utilisation are presented.
SP2 system architecture (1995)

Scalable parallel systems are increasingly being used today to address existing and emerging application areas that require performance levels significantly beyond what symmetric multiprocessors are capable of providing. These areas include traditional technical computing applications, commercial computing applications such as decision support and transaction processing, and emerging areas such as “grand challenge” applications, digital libraries, and video production and distribution. The IBM SP2™ is a general-purpose scalable parallel system designed to address a wide range of these applications. This paper gives an overview of the architecture and structure of SP2, discusses the rationale for the significant system design decisions that were made, indicates the extent to which key objectives were met, and identifies future system challenges and advanced technology development areas.
Supplemental Figure S5 from MSK1-Mediated β-Catenin Phosphorylation Confers Resistance to PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene expression in GSC20-SCR and GSC20-MSK1-sh cells was analyzed by microarray and top down-regulated genes were listed&lt;/p&gt;
Is there progressive cognitive dysfunction in Sjögren Syndrome? A preliminary study (2010)

Preliminary evidence indicates some cognitive deficits in both SS and migraine following a pattern of fronto-subcortical dysfunction without a significant cognitive decline over time.
On the impact of multi-axial stress states on trailing edge bondlines in wind turbine rotor blades (2016)

For a reliable design of wind turbine systems all of their components have to be designed to withstand the loads appearing in the turbine's lifetime. When performed in an integral manner this is called systems engineering, and is exceptionally important for components that have an impact on the entire wind turbine system, such as the rotor blade. Bondlines are crucial subcomponents of rotor blades, but they are not much recognized in the wind energy research community. However, a bondline failure can lead to the loss of a rotor blade, and potentially of the entire turbine, and is extraordinarily relevant to be treated with strong emphasis when designing a wind turbine. Modern wind turbine rotor blades with lengths of 80 m and more offer a degree of flexibility that has never been seen in wind energy technology before. Large deflections result in high strains in the adhesive connections, especially at the trailing edge. The latest edition of the DNV GL guideline from end of 2015 demands a three-dimensional stress analysis of bondlines, whereas before an isolated shear stress proof was sufficient. In order to quantify the lack of safety from older certification guidelines this paper studies the influence of multi-axial stress states on the ultimate and fatigue load resistance of trailing edge adhesive bonds. For this purpose, detailed finite element simulations of the IWES IWT-7.5-164 reference wind turbine blades are performed. Different yield criteria are evaluated for the prediction of failure and lifetime. The results show that the multi-axial stress state is governed by span-wise normal stresses. Those are evidently not captured in isolated shear stress proofs, yielding non-conservative estimates of lifetime and ultimate load resistance. This finding highlights the importance to include a three-dimensional stress state in the failure analysis of adhesive bonds in modern wind turbine rotor blades, and the necessity to perform a three-dimensional characterization of adhesive materials.
Multi-layered control of PD-L1 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (2020)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. In approximately 10% of GC cases, cancer cells show ubiquitous and monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. A significant feature of EBV-associated GC (EBVaGC) is high lymphocytic infiltration and high expression of immune checkpoint proteins, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This highlights EBVaGC as a strong candidate for immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Indeed, several recent studies have shown that EBV positivity in GC correlates with positive response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Understanding the mechanisms that control PD-L1 expression in EBVaGC can indicate new predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy, as well as therapeutic targets for combination therapy. Various mechanisms have been implicated in PD-L1 expression regulation, including structural variations, post-transcriptional control, oncogenic activation of intrinsic signaling pathways, and increased sensitivity to extrinsic signals. This review provides the most recent updates on the multilayered control of PD-L1 expression in EBVaGC.
Rapid isolation and characterization of amplified DNA by chromosome microdissection: identification of IGF1R amplification in malignant melanoma. (1993)

We describe a novel strategy characterizing gene amplification in human neoplasia based on targeting double minutes (dmin) and homogeneously staining regions (hsr) for chromosome microdissection. This strategy allows the rapid generation of an amplification unit microclone library and permits the rapid identification of the chromosomal origin of the amplified sequences following fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This strategy has been applied to an hsr-bearing malignant melanoma cell line, HA-A, which was then demonstrated to encode multiple overexpressed copies of the IGF1R gene. This strategy combines all steps for detection, cloning, mapping and isolation of amplified gene(s) into a single process that is readily applicable to any specimen carrying cytologic evidence of gene amplification.
SMART COMPASS PILOTS A CAR TO ITS DESTINATION (1986)

This article describes Citypilot, the first self-contained automotive navigation system on the European market, and, according to its developer, the least expensive of any type in the world. The system priced at $400. 00, uses an earth magnetic field sensor inside the car roof and a distance sensor in the speedometer drive.
Uniform distribution of points on a hyper-sphere with applications to vector bit-plane encoding (2001)

In vector bit-plane encoding schemes, codebooks must be uniformly distributed on a hyper-sphere. Shells of regular lattices are often used, but they provide only a limited choice of number of vectors K and dimension N. The authors propose a method to generate codebooks in dimension N with arbitrary number K of vectors, almost uniformly distributed on a hyper-sphere. The uniform distribution of an arbitrary number of points on the surface of a hyper-sphere is still an open problem. Some mathematicians indeed consider it one of the mathematical challenges of the 21st century. The proposed method uses a combination of geometric and stochastic approaches to generate approximate solutions. The generated codebooks are tested in vector bit-plane encoding schemes. The results show that the proposed method is effective in generating codebooks almost uniformly distributed on a hyper-sphere.
Omnidirectional Reflector based on Transparent Oxide Materials for Light Extraction Enhancement of Organic and Inorganic Solid-state Light Emitting Devices (2018)

High performance reflector is significant structure for efficiency improvement of organic and inorganic solid-state light emitting devices because a large difference in the refractive index between the light source and air leads to multiple internal reflections at the reflector. Then we focused on wide angular light incidence and designed a total internal omnidirectional reflector (TI-ODR) based on transparent oxide layers. The simulation results showed that light extraction structure with TI-ODR gives 17% and 4% efficiency enhancement compared to typical Ag based mirror for organic LED (n=1.8) and inorganic LED (n=2.4), respectively. Then the TI-ODR on blue LED structure was fabricated and that showed enhancement effect of about 8%. The layers are composed of conductive layer for current distribution, low-index thick layer for total internal reflection (TIR) of wide angular light, and high-index layer for the reinforcement of adhesion of layers.
Religion and Language: The Two Tactics Used by the British to Colonize Kenya (2019)

Second-place winner in the Academic Category of the 2019 Emerging Writers Contest. The essay examines how religion and language were used as colonial practices by the British empire broadly in Africa and specifically in Kenya.
Biometrics: Trust, But Verify (2021)

Over the past two decades, biometric recognition has exploded into a plethora of different applications around the globe. This proliferation can be attributed to the high levels of authentication accuracy and user convenience that biometric recognition systems afford end-users. However, in-spite of the success of biometric recognition systems, there are a number of outstanding problems and concerns pertaining to the various sub-modules of biometric recognition systems that create an element of mistrust in their use - both by the scientific community and also the public at large. Some of these problems include: i) questions related to system recognition performance, ii) security (spoof attacks, adversarial attacks, template reconstruction attacks and demographic information leakage), iii) uncertainty over the bias and fairness of the systems to all users, iv) explainability of the seemingly black-box decisions made by most recognition systems, and v) concerns over data centralization and user privacy. In this paper, we provide an overview of each of the aforementioned open-ended challenges. We survey work that has been conducted to address each of these concerns and highlight the issues requiring further attention. Finally, we provide insights into how the biometric community can address core biometric recognition systems design issues to better instill trust, fairness, and security for all.
Proteoglycan Deposition in Pulmonary Fibrosis (1996)

This study compares the deposition of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the lung lesions of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) to those present in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Tissue from individuals with ARDS (n = 7), BOOP (n = 5), IPF (n = 5), and control subjects (n = 5) was examined for glycosaminoglycans and collagen by histochemistry, and for hyaluronan, versican, decorin, biglycan, Types I and III collagen, type I procollagen and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that glycosaminoglycan deposition in the lesions of ARDS, BOOP, and IPF corresponded to the deposition of versican. Versican localized to the thickened interstitium in the fibroproliferative phase of ARDS, to the intraluminal buds in BOOP, and to early fibroblast foci in IPF. The versican-rich areas contained little mature collagen, but the myofibroblasts in these areas stained for type I procollagen, suggesting early collagen synthesis, and stained intracellularly for decorin. The localization of versican in ARDS, BOOP, and IPF suggests that this proteoglycan may influence early repair processes in the lung.
Megacell - A Design System for CMOS VLSI (1984)

A design system has been presented for the custom design of VLSI chips. The system is based on a cell library containing both simple gate and latch functions, and powerful parameterised cells, implemented on a fast 2.5 micron CMOS process. The combination of the library cells together with advanced simulation and layout CAD tools has produced a system capable of providing fast secure design of chips with complexities up to 30000 gates and beyond. Chips designed using the system are comparable in both speed and area with full custom designs.
CNN-N-Gram for HandwritingWord Recognition (2016)

Given an image of a handwritten word, a CNN is employed to estimate its n-gram frequency profile, which is the set of n-grams contained in the word. Frequencies for unigrams, bigrams and trigrams are estimated for the entire word and for parts of it. Canonical Correlation Analysis is then used to match the estimated profile to the true profiles of all words in a large dictionary. The CNN that is used employs several novelties such as the use of multiple fully connected branches. Applied to all commonly used handwriting recognition benchmarks, our method outperforms, by a very large margin, all existing methods.
Oxidation Stability of Fish Oil Containing Commercially Available Antioxidants (2006)

The effects of commercially available antioxidants in fish oil were studied. Induction period of fish oil was determined from the oxidation curve by rancin\mat. The longest Induction period was observed with catechin (1,000 ppm). Among the rosemary extracts (Antox1, Antox2, Antox3), the most effective antioxidant effect was observed with Antox3 even though higher amount (5,000 ppm) was needed compared to catechin. Compared to oder of control, catechin rather than Antox3 did not affect much the odor changes. When ascorbic palmitate, vitamin C, gallic acid, EDTA, citric acid, or propyl gallate as a synergist were added with catechin (500 ppm), vitamin C and ascorbic palmitate prolonged the induction period significantly. This effect was also observed with Antox3 (1,000 ppm). Among all combinations of catechin (500 ppm) and Antox3 (1,000 ppm) with synergists, the longest Induction period was obtained from Antox3 with vitamin C (200 ppm), suggesting that this combination is most effective combination for retarding the oxidation in fish oil.
Detection of Oligonucleotide Hybridization on a Single Microparticle by Time-Resolved Fluorometry:  Quantitation and Optimization of a Sandwich Type Assay (1998)

Uniformly sized (50 micro m) porous glycidyl methacrylate/ethylene dimethacrylate particles (SINTEF) were used as the solid phase in a sandwich type mixed-phase hybridization assay based on time-resolved fluorescence detection on a single particle. These particles were coated with oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes by conventional phosphoramidite chain assembly. An oligodeoxyribonucleotide bearing a photoluminescent europium(III) chelate, ¿2,2',2",2"'-¿¿4'-¿4"'-[(4, 6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl¿-2,2':6',2"-terpyrid ine-6, 6"-diyl¿bis(methylenenitrilo)¿tetrakis(acetato)¿eur opi um(III), was hybridized to a complementary sequence of the target oligonucleotide, and the resulting duplex was further hybridized to the particle-bound probes. The latter binding was quantified by time-resolved measurement of the emission signal of a single particle. Kinetics of hybridization and the effect of the concentration of the target oligomer and the fluorescently tagged probe on the efficiency of hybridization were studied. The intensity of the emission signal was linearly related to the concentration of the target oligomer over a range of 5 orders of magnitude. The length of the complementary region between the target oligomer and the particle-bound probe was varied, and the effect of point mutations and deletions on the hybridization efficiency was determined in each case. The maximal selectivity was observed with 10-16-base pair complementary sequences, the optimal length depending on the oligonucleotide loading on the particle. Discrimination between the complete matches and point mismatches was unequivocal, a single point mutation and/or deletion decreasing the efficiency of hybridization by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
Low-Weight, Impact-Resistant Helicopter Drive Shafts (1974)

The advantages and disadvantages of all composite helicopter drive shafts are discussed. Previous research has shown that all graphite/epoxy torque tubes severely delaminate under low-velocity, low-energy impact tests simulating accidental “tool drop” conditions. In response to the need for weight savings without the sensitivity to low-energy impact, two composite metal hybird drive shafts have been designed and tested. These are constructed with unidirectional (parallel to the tube axis) boron epoxy composite, for increasing the flexural stiffness, sheathed with an inner and outer metal tube, for torsional strength and damage resistance. A limited number of ballistic and low-energy impact tests were conducted. Damage from a 12 ft-lb simulated “tool drop” test was minimal. The same tube while sustaining 1/3 of its undamaged design torque was perforated by a fully tumbled 30-caliber projectile and subsequently failed at 2/3 of its undamaged ultimate load. The hybird drive shaft is considered to have a significant weight savings potential. As compared to an all-aluminum drive shaft, its specific flexural stiffness is increased by a factor of 2.6 and its specific critical buckling stress by a factor of 1.5. As compared to an all-boron epoxy drive shaft, its specific flexural stiffness is approximately equal and the critical buckling stress is reduced by 40 percent. In addition to the advantage of impact resistance, the hybrid designs offers the advantage of metal-to-metal attachment with conventional splicers and nuts and bolts.
How One Can Learn Programming while Teaching Reasoning to Children with Autism. (2006)

We outline the common features of teaching autistic children and computers various forms of reasoning. Peculiarities of autistic reasoning about mental world and under adjustment of action to a particular environment are addressed. We discuss how our experience accumulated while teaching children with autism in the above domains can be applied to the design of software intelligent systems.
Guidestar-Assisted Wavefront Sensor Speckle Holography: Postdetection Distortion Compensation using a Laser Guidestar Reference (1992)

The idea that a distorted signal may be corrected after detection by an independent distortion estimate has long been known. 1,2 Currently, several researchers are investigating the application of this concept to obtaining high resolution images of astronomical objects through the atmosphere. 3-5 In this case, both a (short-exposure) distorted image and a distortion estimate are formed simultaneously from the object's light. Thus pairs of independent image-distortion data are used to form the final image through deconvolution and averaging. We call our configuration of this setup Wavefront Sensor Speckle Holography (WSSH). 5 This paper explores the addition of an artificial reference in the form of a laser guidestar to such a distortion-estimating imaging system 6 . This will improve distortion estimation and imaging system performance. See figure 1.
Investigations on the synthesis and properties of biodegradable poly(ester-carbonate-urea-urethane)s (2013)

Abstract A new method of the synthesis of oligo(tetramethylene succinate-co-carbonate) diols using dimethyl succinate, 1,4-butanediol and tetramethylene bis(methyl carbonate) was elaborated. The resultant oligomerols (Mn = 2600- 3700) were characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, GPC and DSC analysis. Depending on the content of carbonate units in the polymer molecules, the melting point of the crystalline phase changes significantly. The synthesis of poly(ester-carbonate-urea-urethane)s was carried out with two aliphatic diisocyanates - cyclic IPDI or linear HDI. The resultant products exhibited very good mechanical properties - tensile strength up to 60 MPa and elongation at break about 500%. Preliminary studies confirmed that the presence of ester units in the soft segments as well as lack of crystalline phase significantly enhances the biodegradability of the PUR in comparison to that of polyurethanes based on carbonate oligomers.