gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Determinants of Addiction to Opioids and Cocaine (2005)

Objective: The completion of the human genome sequence has spurred investigation of the genetic contribution to substance dependence. In this article some of the recent scientific evidence for genetic determinants of opioid and cocaine dependence is reviewed. Method: An electronic search of the medical literature was conducted to locate published studies relevant to the genetics of opioid and cocaine dependence. The collected information judged to be most pertinent is described and discussed. Results: Genetic epidemiologic studies support a high degree of heritable vulnerability for both opioid and cocaine dependence. Polymorphisms in the genes coding for dopamine receptors and transporter, opioid receptors, endogenous opioid peptides, cannabinoid receptors, and serotonin receptors and transporter all appear to be associated with the phenotypic expression of this vulnerability once opioids or cocaine are consumed. Conclusions: Despite this initial progress, identification of specific genes and quantification of associated risk for the expression of each gene remain to be elucidated. While alteration of an individual's genome to change the phenotype seems remote, future interventions for treatment of opioid and cocaine dependence may include precise medications targeted to block the effects of proteins that have been identified through genetic research.
Identification and Characterization of a Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Antagonist of the CC Chemokine Receptor-1 (2000)

The CC chemokine receptor-1 (CCR1) is a prime therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases. Through high capacity screening followed by chemical optimization, we identified a novel non-peptide CCR1 antagonist, R-N-[5-chloro-2-[2-[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-1-piperazinyl ]-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]urea hydrochloric acid salt (BX 471). Competition binding studies revealed that BX 471 was able to displace the CCR1 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), RANTES, and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) with high affinity (K(i) ranged from 1 nm to 5.5 nm). BX 471 was a potent functional antagonist based on its ability to inhibit a number of CCR1-mediated effects including Ca(2+) mobilization, increase in extracellular acidification rate, CD11b expression, and leukocyte migration. BX 471 demonstrated a greater than 10,000-fold selectivity for CCR1 compared with 28 G-protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that BX 471 was orally active with a bioavailability of 60% in dogs. Furthermore, BX 471 effectively reduces disease in a rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. This study is the first to demonstrate that a non-peptide chemokine receptor antagonist is efficacious in an animal model of an autoimmune disease. In summary, we have identified a potent, selective, and orally available CCR1 antagonist that may be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters α to Azaarenes via Radical-Based Asymmetric Olefin Difunctionalization (2020)

A radical-based asymmetric olefin difunctionalization strategy for rapidly forging all-carbon quaternary stereocenters α to diverse azaarenes is reported. Under cooperative photoredox and chiral Brønsted acid catalysis, cyclopropylamines with α-branched 2-vinylazaarenes can undergo a sequential two-step radical process, furnishing various valuable chiral azaarene-substituted cyclopentanes. The use of the rigid and confined <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-symmetric imidodiphosphoric acid catalysts achieves high enantio- and diastereo-selectivities for these asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloadditions.
Flux Growth of Highly Crystalline NaYF4:Ln (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm) Crystals with Upconversion Fluorescence (2011)

Highly crystalline, NaYF4 and NaYF4:Ln (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm) crystals with upconversion fluorescence were successfully grown by the cooling of the solo NaF flux at a holding temperature of 1100 °C and cooling rate of 5 °C·h−1. The basic forms of NaYF4 and NaYF4:Ln crystals were a sphere. The crystal system, form, and size were affected by cooling rate. The red, green, and blue upconversion fluorescence of NaYF4:Ln crystals were clearly observed under 980 nm laser irradiation by a two- or three-photon upconversion process. The upconversion fluorescence of NaYF4:Ln crystals was successfully controlled by changing the cooling rate and type of dopant. Furthermore, the NaYF4:Yb,Er crystals were successfully grown using a mixed NaF-KF flux cooling method at a relatively low temperature of 800 °C.
Alteration of the divertor structure in a stellarator through externally applied magnetic fields (1988)

The magnetic divertor structure in a modular stellarator has been predicted to change with the addition of an external vertical magnetic field. The diverted flux is expected to emerge predominantly on the inside of the torus when a vertical magnetic field which shifts the magnetic surfaces towards the inside is applied, and vice versa. The prediction has been verified using probe arrays located in the divertor regions. In addition to the redistribution of diverted particle flux, the distance a field line travels from the separatrix until it reaches the wall has been predicted to increase for each of the magnetically altered cases. The formation of magnetic island chains beyond the separatrix has been found to be responsible for the increase.
Charge Management through Process Analyzers (2003)

Modern automation solutions for papermaking wet end is a nice example how to utilize process analyzer as part of the machine controls. By wet end management we aim to have stable total and ash consistencies. drainage properties of the headbox suspension. and basic chemistryin paper machine short circulation. Stability is very important, because it's directly connected to paper machine runnability as well as to quality of produced paper. The level and variation of charge have a considerable effect on process status and operation. On-line charge measurement provides valuable information about the wet end chemistry of the paper machine. It is possible to perform charge contgrolbased on measurement by charge analyzer kajaaniCATi. The control provides many benefits for the papermaker. The benefits are process information, stability of process. runnability of papermachine and economical and effective use of chemicals.
Simulator Sickness during Head Mounted Display (HMD) of Real World Video Captured Scenes (2008)

The effect of viewing a display of the “real-world” via an HMD on simulator sickness was investigated. We hypothesized that simulator sickness would increase as time performing a task wearing an HMD increased. Also, we predicted that viewing a “real-world” display via an HMD compared to a control of not using an HMD would result in greater sickness. Participants made 200 head movements to look at eight different objects during two within-subjects conditions: (1) wearing an HMD and viewing a video display of the room; and (2) not wearing an HMD. Sickness scores were greater when viewing the room through the HMD and increased as time on task increased in both conditions. These findings suggested that characteristics of the HMD as well as task performance may have contributed to simulator sickness.
Broadband stacked shorted patch antenna for mobile communication handsets (2002)

Two designs of stacked shorted patch antennas with a low profile (antenna height less than 5 mm) and a wide bandwidth (larger than 10%) suitable for applications for GSM 1800 and GSM 900 cellular systems, respectively, are presented. In the designs, the upper and lower shorted patches have a common shorting wall, and are both printed on a dielectric substrate. Wide impedance bandwidth is obtained by adjusting the lengths of the upper and lower patches to be slightly different, leading to the excitation of two closely excited resonant modes. The experimental results are presented and discussed.
Litter differences in cross-fostered rats (1970)

Rats, marked to identify their litters of origin, were cross-fostered when 2 or 3 days old into all-female groups of 10 young. After weaning, their response to injected gonadotrophin showed significant differences among litters but not among cross-fostered groups.
Phenylpyruvic Acid-2-O-β-D-Glucoside Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes (2016)

Chronic hyperglycemia is closely associated with impaired substrate metabolism, dysregulated mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis in the diabetic heart. As adult cardiomyocytes display a limited capacity to regenerate following an insult, it is essential to protect the myocardium against the detrimental effects of chronic hyperglycemia. This study therefore investigated whether phenylpyruvic acid-2-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucoside, present in <i>Aspalathus linearis</i> (rooibos), is able to attenuate hyperglycemia-induced damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to a high glucose concentration (33 mM) prior to treatment with phenylpyruvic acid-2-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucoside (1 µM), metformin (1 µM), or a combination of phenylpyruvic acid-2-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucoside and metformin (both at 1 µM). Our data revealed that high glucose exposure increased cardiac free fatty acid uptake and oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis (caspase 3/7 activity and TUNEL), and decreased the Bcl2/Bax protein expression ratio. Phenylpyruvic acid-2-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucoside treatment, alone or in combination with metformin, attenuated these glucose-induced perturbations, confirming its protective effect in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to chronic hyperglycemia.
Skeletal muscle blood flow responses to hypoperfusion at rest and during rhythmic exercise in humans (2009)

We evaluated the contribution of changes in systemic arterial pressure and local vasodilation to blood flow restoration in contracting human muscles during acute hypoperfusion. Healthy subjects (n=10) performed rhythmic forearm exercise (10% and 20% of maximum) while a balloon in the brachial artery located above the elbow was inflated. Each trial included 3 min of rest, exercise, exercise with balloon inflation, and exercise after balloon deflation. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Blood pressure on both sides of the balloon was measured using a brachial artery catheter (distal pressure), and Finometer for proximal (systemic) arterial pressure. Balloon inflation during exercise reduced distal arterial pressure, and FBF fell 37-41%. There was also a surprising acute increase in forearm vascular resistance (distal pressure/FBF). This was followed by recovery of distal arterial pressure and forearm vasodilation that caused a marked (approximately 75%) restoration of flow that was not associated with significant changes in systemic arterial pressure. During validation trials (n=6) at rest and with exercise both balloon and brachial artery diameters were stable when the balloon was inflated. Our findings indicate that at these exercise intensities 1) the restoration of FBF during exercise with hypoperfusion relied primarily on local dilator responses in conjunction with restoration of distal perfusion pressure likely as a result of increased collateral flow around the elbow, and 2) a loss of pulsatile flow and elastic recoil in the forearm may have contributed to the acute increase in vascular resistance seen at the onset of hypoperfusion.
Mass spectrometric characterization of mitochondrial electron transport complexes: subunits of the rat heart ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase (2003)

Complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, was isolated by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ten of the 11 polypeptides present in this complex were detected directly by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) following electroelution of the active complex. Tryptic and chymotryptic digestion of the complex permit the identification of specific peptides from all of the protein subunits with 70% coverage of the 250 kDa complex. The mass of all 11 proteins was confirmed by second dimension Tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and elution of the separated polypeptides. Additionally, the identity of the core I, core II, cytochrome c and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein were confirmed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) characterization of the peptides generated by in-gel trypsin digestion of the SDS-PAGE separated proteins. The methodology demonstrated for analyzing this membrane-bound electron transport complex should be applicable to other membrane complexes, particularly the other mitochondrial electron transport complexes. The MS analysis of the peptides obtained by in-gel digestion of the intact complex permits the simultaneous characterization of the native proteins and modifications that contribute to mitochondrial deficits that have been implicated as contributing to pathological conditions.
MISO CDMA transmission with simplified receiver for wireless communication handsets (2001)

The next-generation wireless personal and mobile communication systems are expected to accommodate not only high-quality voice services, but also a broad range of other multirate services. Of the various multiaccess techniques, wide-band code-division multiple access (CDMA) has been regarded as an important part of the third-generation wireless communication systems because of its high frequency utilization efficiency and suitability for handling multimedia and multirate services. In this paper, we consider a system with a simplified receiver structure for direct-sequence CDMA (DS/CDMA) wireless communication handsets, in which improved performance is demonstrated when compared to a conventional DS/CDMA system with a RAKE receiver at the mobile station. We arrive at this system by finding the optimal solution to a general multiple-input single-output (MISO) DS/CDMA smart antenna system. We find that this solution reduces to a pre-RAKE with space transmit diversity system under the assumption that a simple one-finger matched filter is used at the receiver. This system combines the advantages of pre-RAKE diversity and transmit antenna diversity. It is shown that significant system performance and capacity improvements are possible. The numerical results also reveal that this system is not too sensitive to channel estimation errors.
Authenticated Garbling and Efficient Maliciously Secure Two-Party Computation (2017)

We propose a simple and efficient framework for obtaining efficient constant-round protocols for maliciously secure two-party computation. Our framework uses a function-independent preprocessing phase to generate authenticated information for the two parties; this information is then used to construct a single "authenticated" garbled circuit which is transmitted and evaluated. We also show how to efficiently instantiate the preprocessing phase with a new, highly optimized version of the TinyOT protocol by Nielsen et al.
Detection of organoleptic faults in wine by microwave sensor coupled with molecularly imprinted silica (2021)

This paper presents a microwave liquid sensor enabling an accurate quantification of chemical species at trace levels in complex liquid. Previously, dedicated to pesticide detection (ng/L), this work is devoted to organoleptic faults in wine production. Based on microstrip technology, the shape of the microwave sensor is a trapezoidal spiral. The sensor pattern is a multiresonant microstrip circuit. Each molecularly imprinted silica (MIS) is specifically synthesized to detect a marker of wine defect. Here, two markers of oxidation in white wine are tested. The first marker is the phenylacetaldehyde which triggers a mixed flavor of age, honey and overblown rose (<20 μg/L in wine). The second marker is 1-octen-3-one which mushroom and earthy off-flavors (< 100 ng/L in wine). The coupling between the circuit and the MIS demonstrates how the sensor can detect these chemical species in a common concentration range in French wine.
Annotated English Novels? (1982)

Annotated English Novels? Get access STEPHEN WALL STEPHEN WALL Keble CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Essays in Criticism, Volume XXXII, Issue 1, January 1982, Pages 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1093/eic/XXXII.1.1 Published: 01 January 1982
Generation of the neutrophil-activating peptide NAP-2 from platelet basic protein or connective tissue-activating peptide III through monocyte proteases. (1990)

We studied the origin of the neutrophil-activating peptide NAP-2, a presumed 70 amino acid cleavage product of platelet basic protein (PBP) and connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-III). Purified human blood monocytes or lymphocytes were cultured with or without stimuli (LPS or PHA) in the presence or absence of platelet-release supernatant, and the formation of NAP-2 and other neutrophil-activating peptides was monitored. NAP-2 was generated whenever monocytes and platelet release supernatant were present. When a monocyte stimulus was added, NAF/NAP-1 was also formed, and in the presence of LPS a third, less potent neutrophil-stimulating fraction, consisting of NAP-2 variants with 73, 74, and 75 residues, also appeared. Monocytes alone did not yield NAP-2 and no neutrophil-activating peptide was generated by lymphocytes. The monocyte-conditioned medium was found to cleave purified CTAP-III into NAP-2 through proteinases that were highly sensitive to PMSF, moderately sensitive to leupeptin and insensitive to EDTA.
Measuring the neck transfer function of laryngectomy patients (1998)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 1999.
Validity and Reliability of the Observer??s (1990)

The Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) Scale was developed to measure the level of alertness in subjects who are sedated. This scale was tested in 18 subjects in a three-period crossover study to assess its reliability and its criterion, behavioral, and construct validity. After receiving either placebo or a titrated dose of midazolam to produce light or heavy sedation, each subject was administered two sedation scales (OAA/S Scale and a Visual Analogue Scale) and two performances tests (Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Serial Sevens Subtraction). Two raters individually evaluated the subject's level of alertness on each of the two sedation scales. The results obtained on the OAA/S Scale were reliable and valid as measured by high correlations between the two raters and high correlations between the OAA/S Scale and two of the three standard tests used in this study. The OAA/S Scale was sensitive to the level of midazolam administered; all pairwise comparisons were significant (p less than 0.05) for all three treatment levels at both test periods.
Effetto di poliamidine aromatiche sull' interazione tra fattori di trascrizione e l' LTR di HIV-1 (1991)

In questo studio ci siamo proposti di determinare se la poliamidina aromatica TAPP-H fosse in grado (a) di interagire con l'LTR di HIV-1 e (b) di inibire l'interazione tra sequenze di DNA presenti nell'LTR di HIV-1e fattori trascrizionali specifici per tali sequenze ed espressi in cellule B-linfoidi. A tale scopo abbiamo verificao se l'interazione tra il TAPP-H e sequenze LTR di HIV-1 amplificate attraverso PCR determinasse un rallentamento della migrazione elettroforetica dei frammenti di DNA. Inoltre abbiamo determinato se il TAPP-H fosse in grado di interferire con l'interazione tra il fattore NF-kB ed un oligonucleotide sintetico contenente il sito di binding riconosciuto da tale fattore nucleare. I risultati ottenuti permettono di ipotizzare che composti in grado di legare il DNA possono interferire ad alta efficienza con l'interazione tra fattori di trascrizione e oligosequenze bersaglio di DNA.
Active Prosthetic Knee Fuzzy Logic - PID Motion Control, Sensors and Test Platform Design (2011)

Abstract — The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the design and testing of a control system and test platform for an Active Prosthetic Knee (APK). The research scope includes mechanical design, sensing system, and motor (motion) controller of the Active Prosthetic Knee. The main objective is to produce an affordable yet rugged active prosthetic for above-the-knee amputees in developing countries. The main advantage of an active prosthetic is its ability to more accurately mimic the motion of a healthy limb without producing strain on the patient’s muscles. The APK needs to be able to decide when to move by analysing the motion of the healthy leg without the use of expensive sensory system.
Figure S1 from Structures of Cancer Antigen Mesothelin and Its Complexes with Therapeutic Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Arrangement of MSLN molecules in the crystal.&lt;/p&gt;
Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces, fabricated through simple and scalable roll-to-roll processing (2015)

A simple, scalable, non-lithographic, technique for fabricating durable superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces, based on the fingering instabilities associated with non-Newtonian flow and shear tearing, has been developed. The high viscosity of the nanotube/elastomer paste has been exploited for the fabrication. The fabricated SH surfaces had the appearance of bristled shark skin and were robust with respect to mechanical forces. While flow instability is regarded as adverse to roll-coating processes for fabricating uniform films, we especially use the effect to create the SH surface. Along with their durability and self-cleaning capabilities, we have demonstrated drag reduction effects of the fabricated films through dynamic flow measurements.
Concentration of Phenolic Compounds Change in Storage Brines of Ripe Olives (1993)

ABSTRACT The effects of cultivar, salt concentration and temperature on changes in phenolic compounds during storage of ripe olives were studied, using a 2 3 factorial design. The effect of salt was negligible. Higher temperature increased phenols diffusion rate into brines for two cultivars assayed. The cultivars, Hojiblanca and Cacereña varied in poly‐phenol content. Throughout storage there was hydrolysis of glucosides intially in flesh (oleuropein, verbascoside and luteolin 7‐glucoside due to the acidic conditions. This effect caused the content of oleuropein in brines to always be lower than 1.5 mM and resulted in a continous increase in level of hydroxytyrosol
An Autocorrelation-Based Time Domain Analysis Technique for Monitoring Perfusion and Oxygenation in Transplanted Organs (2005)

In designing an implantable sensor for perfusion monitoring of transplant organs the ability of the sensor to gather perfusion information with limited power consumption and in near real time is paramount. The following work was performed to provide a processing method that is able to predict perfusion and oxygenation change within the blood flowing through a transplanted organ. For this application, an autocorrelation-based algorithm was used to reduce the acquisition time required for fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis while retaining the accuracy inherent to FFT analysis. In order to provide data proving that the developed method is able to predict perfusion as accurately as FFT two experiments were developed isolating both periodic and quasi-periodic cardiac frequencies. It was shown that the autocorrelation-based method was able to perform comparably with FFT (limited to a sampling frequency of 300 Hz) and maintain accuracy down to acquisition times as low as 4 s in length.