gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State-Of- The Art Corrosion Inhibitor Development to Mitigate Pitting Corrosion in the Presence of Elemental Sulfur and Poly Sulfides in Sour Oil and Gas Systems (2022)

Abstract The effects of elemental sulfur on the corrosion of mild steel is a serious problem in the oil &amp; gas industry costing millions of dollars annually in lost production and assets. Mitigating the corrosive effects of elemental sulfur on mild steel in the oil and gas industry is a challenge and finding a viable solution would provide a more cost effective and safer working environment and as well as be environmentally conscious. Currently, there are no highly effective products for elemental sulfur corrosion in the marketplace. More than fifty new chemical formulations were blended and screened by rotating cylinder electrode method (RCE). These formulations were tested in the presence of 0.1% elemental sulfur in mildly sour conditions. The promising candidates were identified and tested again in the presence of elemental sulfur under the same mildly sour conditions. The most promising candidates from the initial screening were then subjected to rotating cage autoclave (RCA) testing for extended periods of time in the presence of 0.1% and 0.15% elemental sulfur. The general corrosion rates were calculated via weight loss and the metal surfaces were examined under a high-power digital microscope for pitting and localized corrosion. A detailed analysis of the above testing yields promising results. The results from the testing show that formulations mitigate pitting in environments containing elemental sulfur. In less harsh conditions, such as low chloride brines or low CO2 environment, formulations seem to provide excellent protection against general corrosion while mitigating pitting due to elemental sulfur. In more extreme environments such as harsh brines with elevated chloride levels, high hydrogen sulfide and CO2 levels, the formulations mitigate pitting but need further development in inhibiting general corrosion The best product currently developed inhibits corrosion and pitting in the presence of elemental sulfur in various conditions and performs well against elemental sulfur in more aggressive sour systems. We are currently improving the performance against elemental sulfur and developing chemistries to mitigate polysulfide induced corrosion in sour systems. This paper describes the development of effective inhibitors for corrosion and pitting in the presence of elemental sulfur under sour conditions. This study focuses more on pitting corrosion due to the corrosive characteristics of elemental sulfur than on uniform general corrosion. The general corrosion with the selected inhibitor was highly mitigated and was less than 3.0 mpy while yielding excellent protection against sulfur induced pitting.
Skalierbare Synthese von Multi‐Metall‐Elektrokatalysatorpulvern und ‐elektroden und ihre Anwendung für die Sauerstoffentwicklung und Wasserspaltung (2023)

Abstract Multimetall‐Elektrokatalysatoren bieten nahezu unbegrenzte katalytische Möglichkeiten, die sich aus synergistischen Elementwechselwirkungen ergeben. Wir schlagen eine Polymer/Metallsalz‐Sprühtechnik vor, die leicht angepasst werden kann, um eine große Vielfalt von Multimetall‐Katalysatormaterialien mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung herzustellen. Um dies zu demonstrieren, wurden 11 Katalysatoren synthetisiert, charakterisiert und für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) untersucht. Weitere Untersuchungen des aktivsten OER‐Katalysators, nämlich CoNiFeMoCr, ergaben eine polykristalline Struktur, und Operando‐Raman‐Messungen deuten darauf hin, dass mehrere aktive Zentren an der Reaktion beteiligt sind. Darüber hinaus wurden auf Ni‐Schaum basierende CoNiFeMoCr‐Elektroden entwickelt und für die Wasserspaltung in Durchflusselektrolysezellen mit Elektrolytspalten und in “zero‐gap” Membran‐Elektroden‐Anordnungen (MEA) eingesetzt. Die alkalischen MEA‐Elektrolyseure erreichten bis zu 3 A cm −2 , und 24‐Stunden‐Messungen zeigten keinen Verlust der Stromdichte von 1 A cm −2 .
Scaling relations for soliton compression and dispersive-wave generation in tapered optical fibers (2018)

In this paper, scaling relations for soliton compression in tapered optical fibers are derived and discussed. The relations allow simple and semi-accurate estimates of the compression point and output noise level, which is useful, for example, for tunable dispersive-wave generation with an agile femtosecond pump laser.
Variable physical damping actuators (VPDAs): Facilitating the control and improving the performance of compliant actuation systems (2012)

As recent application domains emerge requiring the employment of robots within unstructured environments, new demands arise requiring more versatile systems which can cope with unpredictable interactions. Recently, compliance has been identified as one of the key features which enables the safe operation of robots interacting with humans and environment. Despite the certain merits gained with the introduction of compliance, this property introduces also some drawbacks as the reduction of the bandwidth achievable in the controlled system and the introduction of oscillatory dynamics which dramatically reduce the stability and accuracy of the system. A solution which can be used to overcome such issues consists in the incorporation of physical damping within the actuator mechatronics. Motivated by the above, this work presents the evolution of such actuators from purely compliant to more complex and performing systems which incorporate variable physical damping as added feature for the development of robust, safe and still well performing robots. The mechatronics of the developed units are analysed. The compact compliant actuator (CompAct™) with variable physical damping is evaluated with experimental trials performed using a prototype unit.
Carrier recovery for M-QAM signals based on a block estimation process with Kalman filter (2014)

A novel carrier recovery scheme for demodulating optical M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signals is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed scheme treats a certain number of consecutive symbols as a processing block for which linear evolution of the carrier phases in time is assumed. The Kalman filter algorithm is employed to simultaneously estimate the carrier-frequency offset and carrier phases of the symbols in each block from the observation result. Consequently, an optimal carrier recovery operation with minimum mean squared error can be obtained, and large phase errors due to optical noise and large carrier-frequency offsets can be tolerated. We experimentally demonstrate the proposed scheme in demodulating optical 16- and 64-QAM signals, confirming its stable operation for carrier-frequency offsets even larger than 10% of the symbol rate of the signal. We also demonstrate 160-km transmission of a single-channel, single-polarization 64-QAM signal by using the proposed scheme in the demodulation process.
Cómo afecta al negocio el Servicio Integral de Lubricación (2008)

Los resultados muestran en este caso de estudio los datos obtenidos despues de cinco anos de trabajo y de la implementacion de diferentes tecnicas y tecnologias. Entre ellas destaca el analisis de aceite con el que no solo se obtiene una reduccion de gastos de repuestos y mano de obra relacionados con el mantenimiento preventivo, sino tambien un significativo aumento de beneficios para la empresa, muy dificilmente de prever desde el comienzo.
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a System to Rapidly Measure Coefficient of Friction on Soft Contact Lenses (2019)

This study was undertaken to 1. develop an apparatus to rapidly measure coefficient of friction (COF) on soft contact lenses; 2. determine if COFs measured on two daily-disposable lens models before and after wear are consistent with changes in lens surface morphology observed in parallel atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Methods: A stress rheometer was adapted to measure COF on a soft contact lens by custom fabrication of a rapid-mount sample stage for increased throughput. Five subjects were randomly assigned to wear daily disposable nesofilcon A and delefilcon A contact lenses bilaterally for 4 hours, after which time lenses were removed. Static and kinetic COFs of lenses worn on left eyes was measured, while lenses worn on right eyes were imaged in parallel by AFM in tapping mode. Root mean square (RMS) surface roughness was calculated for all lenses to determine the effect of wear on surface topography. Results: Both static and kinetic COFs measured on unworn delefilcon A silicone hydrogel lenses were greater than on nesofilcon A traditional hydrogel lenses. Static COF on nesofilcon A increased significantly after wear, while kinetic COF trended higher but did not change significantly. Similarly, static COF on delefilcon A also increased significantly after wear, and kinetic COF trended higher but did not change significantly, both remaining greater than on worn nesofilcon A. Parallel AFM analysis demonstrated that nesofilcon A lenses are smoother than are delefilcon A out of the package. Both lenses attracted deposits during wear, but the nesofilcon A surface was less altered by on-eye wear than was the delefilcon A surface. Conclusion: A system to rapidly measure static and kinetic COFs was successfully developed. Static and kinetic COFs measured on delefilcon A were greater than on nesofilcon A lenses. More deposits and greater surface roughness were observed after wear on delefilcon A relative to nesofilcon A. Parallel AFM images of worn and unworn lenses were not predictive of measured COFs, but increased roughness visible by AFM was consistent with observed increases in COF, although not all increases were statistically significant.
Electron Microscope Study of the Anomalous Transmission of Electrons in Aluminum up to 3 MV (1973)

The anomalous transmission of electrons in aluminum has been examined over the voltage range 0.5 to 3 MV by electron microscopy. The anomalous transmission begins to appear at about 1 MV at the symmetry position of 111 reflections, and at about 2 MV in a case of 200 reflections. The degree of anomalous transmission increases with increasing accelerating voltage up to 3 MV. The experimental results are compared with those of 18/8 type stainless steel, and discussed in terms of the axial and planar channeling parameters of electrons proposed by Fujimoto et al. The anomalous transmission phenomenon in these metals shows good correlation with the planar channeling parameter, and is also related to the axial one when the same systematic set of reflections is used.
Oxidation of organic contaminants by combined adsorption and oxidation on cobalt supported activated carbon (2009)

The present paper reports the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of phenol contaminated water. A cobalt catalyst was prepared by impregnation of cobalt on an activated-carbon support (AC) to achieve the dual objectives of pollutant adsorption and oxidation simultaneously. The catalyst was characterised by several techniques such as SEM, XRD, EDS and TGA. In addition, several operational parameters such as catalyst and oxidant amount, temperature on the rate of oxidation were investigated. It was found that Co2O3 was the major form of Co species and was homogeneously distributed on activated carbon surface. Co-AC was found to be an effective catalyst in oxidation of phenol with sulphate radicals and 100% decomposition could be achieved at 30 min with 25 ppm phenol for just 0.1 g catalyst and 1 g peroxymonosulphate. The catalyst also exhibited good performance with slight deactivation after several rounds of regeneration.
Dickkopf1 Regulates Fate Decision and Drives Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Differentiation: An Experimentally Supported Mathematical Model (2011)

Our study suggests that Dkk1 treatment may be more robust than other methods for eliminating CSCs, as it challenges a general cellular homeostasis mechanism, namely, fate decision by QS. The study also suggests that low dose Dkk1 administration may be counterproductive; we showed experimentally that in some cases it can stimulate CSC proliferation, although this needs validating in vivo.
G protein-gated I KACh channels as therapeutic targets for treatment of sick sinus syndrome and heart block (2016)

Dysfunction of pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node (SAN) underlies "sick sinus" syndrome (SSS), a common clinical condition characterized by abnormally low heart rate (bradycardia). If untreated, SSS carries potentially life-threatening symptoms, such as syncope and end-stage organ hypoperfusion. The only currently available therapy for SSS consists of electronic pacemaker implantation. Mice lacking L-type Cav1.3 Ca(2+) channels (Cav1.3(-/-)) recapitulate several symptoms of SSS in humans, including bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) dysfunction (heart block). Here, we tested whether genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of the muscarinic-gated K(+) channel (IKACh) could rescue SSS and heart block in Cav1.3(-/-) mice. We found that genetic inactivation of IKACh abolished SSS symptoms in Cav1.3(-/-) mice without reducing the relative degree of heart rate regulation. Rescuing of SAN and AV dysfunction could be obtained also by pharmacological inhibition of IKACh either in Cav1.3(-/-) mice or following selective inhibition of Cav1.3-mediated L-type Ca(2+) (ICa,L) current in vivo. Ablation of IKACh prevented dysfunction of SAN pacemaker activity by allowing net inward current to flow during the diastolic depolarization phase under cholinergic activation. Our data suggest that patients affected by SSS and heart block may benefit from IKACh suppression achieved by gene therapy or selective pharmacological inhibition.
Long-Term Results After Functional Nonoperative Treatment of Achilles Tendon Rupture (2006)

Functional nonoperative treatment achieved good results in patients who had precise sonographic evaluation and who were compliant. As a result of our study, we modified our protocol: (1) a repeat ultrasound examination is done by an experienced sonographer 2 to 5 days after the first to confirm the indications for nonoperative treatment, (2) the use of the 3-cm hindfoot elevation is extended from 6 to 8 weeks to provide a longer protection of the tendon, and (3) patients then wear shoes with 1-cm hindfoot elevation for another 3 months.
Kv1.3 Channel Up-Regulation in Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (2021)

Voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channels are key regulators of T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytokine production, by providing the necessary membrane hyper-polarization for calcium influx following immune stimulation. It is noteworthy that an accumulating body of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> evidence links these channels to multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Here we studied the electrophysiological properties and the transcriptional and translational expression of T lymphocyte Kv1.3 channels in multiple sclerosis, by combining patch clamp recordings, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry on freshly isolated peripheral blood T lymphocytes from two patient cohorts with multiple sclerosis, as well as from healthy and disease controls. Our data demonstrate that T lymphocytes in MS, manifest a significant up-regulation of Kv1.3 mRNA, Kv1.3 membrane protein and Kv1.3 current density and therefore of functional membrane channel protein, compared to control groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Interestingly, patient sub-grouping shows that Kv1.3 channel density is significantly higher in secondary progressive, compared to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Taking into account the tight connection between Kv1.3 channel activity and calcium-dependent processes, our data predict and could partly explain the reported alterations of T lymphocyte function in multiple sclerosis, while they highlight Kv1.3 channels as potential therapeutic targets and peripheral biomarkers for the disease.
Efficient Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure α‐Alkyl Cyclopropanecarbonitrile Derivatives from Pyrazolines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Annexin II Is Required for Apical Transport in Polarized Epithelial Cells (2004)

The sorting of apical proteins comprises an initial recognition step in the trans Golgi network and a final partitioning of the apical pool of proteins into at least two different types of vesicular carriers. One criteria of these carriers is the association or non-association of the protein content with lipid rafts. We have previously characterized a population containing the raft-associated sucrase-isomaltase-carrying vesicles (SAVs) and another one, the non-raft-associated lactase-phlorizin hydrolase-carrrying vesicles (LAVs) that are targeted separately to the apical membrane. Here, we demonstrate biochemically and by employing confocal laser microscopy that the annexin II-S100A10 complex is a component of SAVs and is absent from LAVs. The unequivocal role of annexin II in the apical targeting of SI is clearly demonstrated when down-regulation of this protein by annexin II-specific small interfering RNA drastically decreases the apical delivery of SI in the epithelial cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney. The annexin II-S100A10 complex plays therefore a crucial role in routing SAVs to the apical membrane of epithelial cells.
Roughness measurements at one scattering direction with white light (2021)

Scattering techniques are today well controlled to characterize roughnesses of high-precision substrates and coatings, which are around a fraction of a nanometer in the optical bandwidth [1, 2, 3]. All these techniques involve a receiver, sample or beam motion so as to record the whole angular scattering pattern by reflection and transmission. However, in some situations these angular motions are penalising. This is the case when fast roughness-measurements are required (on-line measurements), or when the sample cannot be displaced (case of large pieces), or when only one scattering direction is allowed (case where the sample cannot be separated from a system) … For these reasons we recently proposed proposed [4] an alternative which consisted in using white light so as to cancel any mechanical movement in a scattering system. The resulting system is a one-angle white-light scatterometer with a reduced spatial frequency bandwidth. The principle of this white light scatterometer relies on the wavelength-angle equivalence in the spatial frequency. However additional concepts must be introduced to make the white light scattering to be proportional to roughness. Actually we have to shape the wavelength spectrum of illumination in a specific way given by theory. Two experimental techniques are presented to shape the incident spectrum. The first [4] is based on an interferential filter but suffers some disadvantages, such as the absence of tunability or retroaction. The second technique [5] involves micro-mirror or LCD matrices coupled with gratings, and offers several advantages. Fast retroaction allows to take account of a shift in the source power, and the tunability also offers the opportunity to build quasi-arbitrary filters. This last remark allows to extract a series of roughness moments (not only the roughness), so that the autocorrelation function of the topography can be reconstructed. We will discuss advantages and limits of this new technique.
High frequency characterization of CPW discontinuities (1994)

A simplified method has been established to study the dynamic characterization of the two CPW discontinuities (open-end and short-end stub). Analytical formulas that are easy to use in CAD are proposed to calculate the inductors and capacitors of these models. The results are compared with measurements performed in the frequency range 1-30 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sharing Power and Authority (1988)

Healthcare for a particular population or community, and providing leadership by general management rather than professional ethics are two major trends appearing in healthcare in Britain, and a parallel can be drawn between its system and Canada's. In Britain, however, partnerships are taking a back seat to personal accountability, and nurses, doctors and administrators are stepping out of their regular roles into general management. When partnerships do form between these groups, it is important that they be between management providing certain services, and not different professions.
Pathways of nodal metastasis in carcinomas of the cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon: CT demonstration. (1993)

The distribution of regional lymph node metastases in carcinomas of the cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon follows the vascular distribution in the ileocolic mesentery, ascending mesocolon, and transverse mesocolon. The location of these metastatic nodes can be recognized on CT scans when the anatomy of the vessels in the ileocolic mesentery and mesocolon is well understood. This knowledge is important in the preoperative staging of carcinomas of the colon for curative surgery and in the early detection of recurrent nodal disease after curative surgery.
Deep Context: A Neural Language Model for Large-scale Networked Documents (2017)

We propose a scalable neural language model that leverages the links between documents to learn the deep context of documents. Our model, Deep Context Vector, takes advantage of distributed representations to exploit the word order in document sentences, as well as the semantic connections among linked documents in a document network. We evaluate our model on large-scale data collections that include Wikipedia pages, and scientific and legal citations networks. We demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency on document classification and link prediction tasks.
Combining Constraint Types From Public Data in Aerial Image Segmentation (2013)

We introduce a method for image segmentation that constraints the clustering with map and point data. The method is showcased by applying the spectral clustering algorithm on aerial images for building detection with constraints built from a height map and address point data. We automatically detect the number of clusters using the elongated K-means algorithm instead of using the standard spectral clustering approach of a predefined number of clusters. The results are refined by filtering out noise with a binary morphological operator. Point data is used for semi-supervised labelling of building clusters. Our evaluation show that the combination of constraints have a positive impact on the clustering quality achieved. Finally we argue how the presented constraint types may be used in other applications.
Perceived speed of changing color in chroma and hue directions in CIELAB (2019)

In dynamic LED lighting, the perceived speed of changing color is an important concept; however, there exists no suitable temporal color space. In a psychophysical experiment, we compared the perceived speed of periodic temporal transitions in CIELAB chroma and hue directions around five base colors [the five Munsell hues: 5R (red), 5Y (yellow), 5G (green), 5B (blue), and 5P (purple)]. The experiment was conducted in a light laboratory, with the main illumination stimulus subtending a visual angle of 101×77 deg. In sequential paired presentations, observers were asked to identify which transition appeared faster, and points of subjective equality between transitions were computed. The speed of transitions was defined in CIELAB ΔEab*/s, which was shown to be temporally non-uniform; uniformity was improved using a modified color space based on speeds in the DKL space of Derrington et al. [J. Physiol.357(1), 241 (1984)].