gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote Plasma Atomic Layer Deposition of Co3O4 Thin Films (2011)

Cobalt oxide thin films have been deposited with remote plasma atomic layer deposition (ALD) within a wide temperature window (100–400°C), using CoCp2 as a cobalt precursor and with remote O2 plasma as the oxidant source. The growth rate was 0.05 nm/cycle and both the precursor dosing and plasma exposure exhibit saturation after 2 s, all independent of the substrate temperature. This novel combination resulted in the deposition of high density (~5.8 g/cm3), stoichiometric Co3O4 showing a preferential (111) orientation for all temperatures. X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy independently indicate an increasing crystallinity with increasing substrate temperature, whereas the surface roughness remains low (1 nm). CO2 and H2O are detected by mass spectrometry measurements as reaction by-products during the remote O2 plasma step, revealing a combustion-like reaction process
An Efficient Process for the Manufacture of Carmegliptin (2011)

A short and high-yielding synthesis of carmegliptin (1) suitable for large-scale production is reported. The tricyclic core was assembled efficiently by a decarboxylative Mannich addition−Mannich cyclization sequence. Subsequent crystallization-induced dynamic resolution of enamine 7 using (S,S)-dibenzoyltartaric acid was followed by diastereoselective enamine reduction to give the fully functionalized tricyclic core with its three stereogenic centers. The C-3 nitrogen was introduced by Hofmann rearrangement of amide 28, and the resulting amine 10 was coupled with (S)-fluoromethyl lactone 31. Following cyclization to lactam 13 and amine deprotection, 1 was obtained in 27−31% overall yield with six isolated intermediates.
Molecular relationships of the human B cell alloantigens, MT2, MB3, MT4, and DR5. (1982)

The human class II, HLA-linked, B cell alloantigens include the HLA-DR, MB, MT, and Te determinants. Interest in the molecular relationships of these antigens has recently intensified because of their homology to the murine Ia antigens and their possible importance in disease predisposition and transplantation. We have used alloantisera with carefully defined immunochemical as well as serologic specificity, and two immunochemical techniques, sequential immunoprecipitation with analysis by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, to explore the molecular relationships of the MT2, MB3, MT4, and HLA-DR5 antigenic determinants. The data presented here indicate that 1) all class II molecules that bear the DR5 antigenic determinant also bear the MT2 antigenic determinant; (2) the homozygous DR5 cell line, Swei, expresses at least two structurally distinct class II molecules, both of which bear MT2: one bears the MT2, MB3, and MT4 antigenic determinants, and the second bears the MT2, but not the MB3 or MT4 antigenic determinant; and (3) the DR5 determinant is located on at least one and possibly both of these distinct class II molecules.
Verification of News Video Content: Findings from a Study of Journalism Students (2021)

The rapid spread of misinformation online has been deemed as a growing problem in the current digital media environment with significant impact both on journalism and on society at large. As news practitioners are increasingly challenged by information overload and the need to process huge volumes of unstructured and unfiltered data within a very short time span, the veracity of online and User-Generated Content (UGC) and its spread through social media and video platforms has been identified as a key concern. This study aims to extend the body of knowledge on the verification of news video content, derived from social media platforms. Using a web-based tool that analyses the online context around a video post and presents a number of verification signals, a set of fake and real news videos coming from YouTube and Facebook were examined by a sample of journalism students (N = 90) regarding their veracity. A sample of professional journalists (N = 17) was also used for qualitative comparison purposes and additional results. The results of the study highlight the significance of online context as well as the efficacy of a semi-automated process in the verification of video content and journalism practice, in conjunction with useful verification features and practices.
The impact of temperature on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery performance (2011)

The battery performance of a modified Toyota Prius with a 5 kilowatt-hour (kWh) plug-in battery was documented for a one year to determine how various temperature conditions affected vehicle performance. Both fuel economy and pure electrical efficiency were compared to ambient temperature. The fuel economy has a positive relationship with ambient temperature until approximately 283 K where the efficiency begins to level off. Electrical performance has a positive linear relationship with ambient temperature. With the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) and PHEVs from a variety of automotive manufacturers, information on EV and PHEV performance for consumers will become more important.
Some comments on ‘Spatial imaging with 3D capacitance measurements’ (2007)

In this comment, we provide a critique of the article published by R Wajman et al (2006 Meas. Sci. Technol. 17 2113–8) with regard to 3D electrical capacitance tomography. Moreover, we further examine the sensor design and image reconstruction employed by Wajman et al, and we provide criteria for a robust direct 3D imaging system. References to pioneering and related work on 3D electrical capacitance direct imaging are also included.
Mechanism of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy (1994)

The primary mode of action has not been established for any allelopathic compound, albeit some physiological actions are known. The array of compounds cuts across many chemical classes, and it is unlikely they have a common mechanism of action. Allelochemicals active against higher plants are typically characterized as suppressing seed germination, causing injury to root growth and other meristems, or inhibiting seedling growth. A primary action on ATP production is indicated for the two quinones, juglone and sorgoleone, since they inhibit chloroplast oxygen evolution (I50 = 0.2 and 2.0 µM respectively) and strongly affect mitochondrial functions. The chloroplast block by sorgoleone is in the photosystem II complex. Cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives alter membrane potential and have several physiological effects that suggest membrane perturbations are their initial site of action. Their thresholds (100 to 1000 µM) for inhibition of seedling growth, singly or in combinations, correlate with impairment of plant-water relationships. These phenolic compounds also alter mineral uptake, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, carbon flow, and phytohormone activity. Phytotoxicity of many allelopathic chemicals may be from a generalized cellular disruption rather than a specific mechanism. A case study of Sorghum allelopathy suggests that inhibition of a receiving species results from the joint action of a number of allelochemicals with different cellular sites of action.
A Visualization Tool for Analyzing the Suitability of Software Libraries via Their Code Repositories (2020)

Code repositories are a common way to archive software source code files.Understanding code repository content and history is important but can be difficult due to the complexity of code repositories.Most available tools are designed for users who are actively maintaining a code repository.In contrast, external developers need to assess the suitability of using a software library, e.g.whether its code repository has a healthy level of maintenance, and how much risk the external developers face if they depend on that code in their own project.In this paper, we identify six risks associated with using a software library, we derive seven requirements for tools to assess these risks, and we contribute two dashboard designs derived from these requirements.The first dashboard is designed to asses a software librarys usage suitability via its code repository, and the second dashboard visually compares usage suitability information about multiple software libraries' code repositories.Using four popular libraries code repositories, we show that these dashboards are effective for understanding and comparing key aspects of software library usage suitability.We further compare our dashboard to a typical code repository user interface and show that our dashboard is more succinct and requires less work.
Phase transitions and fluctuations in inflationary universe models based on (nearly) Coleman-Weinberg gut models (1984)

Some recent developments have been made in the study of phase transitions in grand unified theories (GUTs) in which radiatively induced corrections to the effective potential play an important role (e.g. Coleman‐Weinberg models). The course of the phase transition is shown to depend sensitively on the choice of parameters of the theory. A restricted class of parameters, excluding the simplest SU(5) GUT model, is found to lead to an inflationary Universe. An heuristic argument is given to show that the spectrum of fluctuations in such models (on observable scales) is scale invariant and a dimensional argument is proposed to explain the amplitude of the resultant fluctuations. Only a much more restricted class of GUT models is found to yield an inflationary Universe with fluctuations that are not so big as to be inconsistent with the isotropy and homogeneity in the observable Universe.
Carvacrol- and Cardanol-Containing 1,3-Dioxolan-4-ones as Comonomers for the Synthesis of Functional Polylactide-Based Materials (2020)

1,3-Dioxolan-4-one (DOX) chemistry was exploited for the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based copolymers. A new DOX monomer, bearing the naturally occurring carvacrol (CarvDOX) as a pendant, ...
Testing a new mechanism for left interventricular septal pacing: the transseptal route A feasibility and safety study (2002)

Left interventricular septal pacing is feasible. In our study it was safely performed in six goats. The pacing threshold was low, and the stability of the lead system was good. Implantations in humans and animals and haemodynamic evaluations are needed to reveal the potential benefits of this new form of left interventricular septal pacing.
Adaptive optics and site requirements for the search of Earth-like planets with ELTs (2004)

Since 1995, expolanets discoveries have triggered a renewal of the permanent question about the possible presence of life outside the solar system. Direct detection and characterization of earth-like extrasolar planets orbiting main-sequence stars are now among the most exciting and challenging astronomical topics where new major scientific results from space missions and also from ground-based ELT are expected. To scale the performances of an ELT for exoplanets searching, we examine the relative impact of three fundamental parameters (the actuator pitch, the telescope diameter and the site) on the image contrast. Then, we calculate the planet/star flux ratio needed to reach SNR=3 in 10h (only the photon noise is considered) from long-exposure AO-PSF computed with PAOLA (a fast analytical code developed by one of us: L.J.) for different ELT sizes and AO parameters under different observational conditions (atmospheric turbulenece, star magnitude) with or without coronagraphy. We find that an actuator pitch of 0.1 m is optimal for exoplanet searching in the visible and near-IR from 10 to 40 pc. Lastly, we emphasize that the site choice is as important as the telescope size choice is: a 15m telescope is just enough for coronagraphic search for exo-earths at 10pc (SNR=3 in 10h) from the promising Dome C (Antarctica), while a 30m ELT is needed to succeed the same observation in the same time from the Mauna Kea.
Befestigungstechnik : Sonderdruck aus dem Beton-Kalender 1992 (1991)

Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen den interessierten Anwender über die im Handel befindlichen Systeme informieren, das Tragverhalten und die wichtigsten Einflüsse auf die Tragfähigkeit aufzeigen sowie die Bemessungsregeln erläutern und dadurch den derzeitigen Stand der Befestigungstechnik beschreiben. Dieser Beitrag erschien erstmals im Betonkalender 1988. Seit dieser Zeit wurden zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Befestigungstechnik abgeschlossen, die ergänzende Erkenntnisse lieferten.
Cellular Recognition by Mouse Lymphocytes in Vitro (1970)

Abstract The in vitro stimulation of mouse spleen cells by foreign histocompatibility antigens is described. Spleen cells from mice less than 3 weeks of age could not be stimulated in mixed lymphocyte cultures. They were also deficient in their ability to stimulate adult allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The ability of the cells to be stimulated by histocompatibility antigens was correlated in time with their ability to stimulate allogeneic cells. Stimulation of mouse spleen cells was accomplished by allogeneic spleen cells with differences at the H-2 locus or at the H-3, H-13 loci, and with soluble H-2 antigen. F1 hybrid spleen cells were stimulated by parental strain spleen cells or by parental strain red blood cell stroma. Immunization with allogeneic spleen cells was found to transiently affect the degree of stimulation obtained in mixed lymphocyte cultures of spleen cells from the immunized mice mixed with mitomycin-treated cells of the strain used for immunization. The cells from immunized animals also showed an increased degree of stimulation when reacted in MLC with allogeneic cells sharing some of the H-2 antigens of the strain used for the immunization. Immunization did not affect the degree of stimulation obtained in MLC of cells from strains with weak histocompatibility differences. The possible explanations of in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by histocompatibility antigens of allogeneic or semi-allogeneic cells are discussed.
A model for comparing signatures (2002)

A statistical model for signature recognition and verification by computer, using data obtained online from a digitizer, instrumented pen, or similar device, is proposed. The model recognizes that repeated test signatures by the same writer are similar but not identical. The model considers a mean or average signature that is independent of speed of writing, location, scale, and orientation, together with a measure of variability of the latter four factors. Various methods of estimating the mean (average) and variance of a writer's signature are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intravascular ultrasound assessment of lumen size and wall morphology in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. (1991)

These data establish that intravascular ultrasound is feasible and safe and yields luminal measurements that correlate generally with angiography. Differences between angiographic and ultrasound measures of lumen size in eccentric vessels probably reflect the dissimilar perspectives of tomographic and silhouette imaging techniques. Intravascular ultrasound provides detailed images of normal and abnormal wall morphology not previously possible in vivo.
C8-Heteroaryl-2′-deoxyguanosine Adducts as Conformational Fluorescent Probes in the NarI Recognition Sequence (2012)

The optical, redox, and electronic properties of C(8)-heteroaryl-2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts with C(8)-substituents consisting of furyl ((Fur)dG), pyrrolyl ((Pyr)dG), thienyl ((Th)dG), benzofuryl ((Bfur)dG), indolyl ((Ind)dG), and benzothienyl ((Bth)dG) are described. These adducts behave as fluorescent nucleobase probes with emission maxima from 379 to 419 nm and fluorescence quantum yields (Φ(fl)) in the 0.1-0.8 range in water at neutral pH. The probes exhibit quenched fluorescence with increased solvent viscosity and decreased solvent polarity. The (Fur)dG, (Bfur)dG, (Ind)dG, and (Bth)dG derivatives were incorporated into the G(3) position of the 12-mer oligonucleotide 5'-CTCG(1)G(2)CG(3)CCATC-3' that contains the recognition sequence of the NarI Type II restriction endonuclease. This sequence is widely used to study the biological activity (mutagenicity) of C(8)-arylamine-dG adducts with adduct conformation (anti vs syn) playing a critical role in the biological outcome. The modified NarI(X = (Fur)G, (Ind)G, (Bfur)G, or (Bth)G) oligonucleotides were hybridized to the complementary strand containing either C (NarI'(C)) or G (NarI'(G)) opposite the probe. The duplex structures were characterized by UV melting temperature analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, collisional fluorescence quenching studies, and circular dichroism (CD). The emission of the probes showed sensitivity to the opposing base in the duplex, and suggested the utility of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor probe conformation.
Multi-Omic Architecture of Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2023)

At time of surgical myectomy, the ventricular proteome, independent of genotype, reveals widespread upregulation and activation of hypertrophy pathways, mainly involving the rat sarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. In addition, there is a counterregulatory transcriptional downregulation of the same pathways. Rat sarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase activation may serve a crucial role in hypertrophy observed in HCM.
A resorbable device for ligation of blood vessels (2012)

Maintaining haemostasis during surgery is vital for a successful outcome. The objectives of this thesis were to develop a resorbable device, which would enable safe ligation and less surgical stress than the conventional method. For manufacturing of the device, the resorbable polymer polydioxanone was injection moulded. The device was constructed as a flexible band attached to a self-locking mechanism. The band formed a loop around the tissue, the end of the band was inserted into the locking mechanism and was pulled through until the loop was closed. The design allowed complete closure of the loop and the device resisted ligature slip-off from renal arteries at 10 N. Tissue reactions and surgical stress responses to ligation with the device were studied in healthy dogs subjective to elective neutering. For evaluation of haemostatic efficiency the ovarian pedicles of 14 dogs were ligated bilaterally (9) or unilaterally (5). All pedicles were successfully ligated, but one device first after being further tightened. The dogs were examined by ultrasound for up to twelve months with no adverse observations recorded. In two dogs histological examinations revealed local and transient tissue reactions around the devices. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were registered during ligation of ovarian pedicles bilaterally in nine dogs and unilaterally in five dogs using the device and in 26 dogs using conventional techniques. In 16 of the 26 dogs laparoscopic and open abdomen techniques were compared and in the remaining 10 dogs ligation of the two ovaries was compared. Plasma vasopressin was analysed in the latter study. The increase in systolic blood pressure was greater in the open abdomen group compared to the laparoscopic group and the device-group. Ligation of the first ovarian pedicle caused a greater cardiovascular response than ligation of the second pedicle. However, plasma vasopressin concentration changed in synchrony with systolic blood pressure and the combination may be useful for evaluation of surgical stress. In conclusion, a resorbable device which efficiently ligated both single vessels and ovarian pedicles was successfully constructed. Whether use of the device enables less surgical stress than a conventional ligation technique remains to be clarified.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Corn Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling (2012)

Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the ethanol industry and has potential as a source of valuable compounds. In this study, corn DDGS was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) at 50-70 °C, 34.5-49.6 MPa, and constant CO(2) flow rate of 1 L/min (measured at ambient conditions). The highest yield of total lipids (9.2%, w/w) was obtained at 49.6 MPa/70 °C. Apparent solubility of corn DDGS lipids ranged between 0.010 kg/kg CO(2) at 34.5 MPa/50 °C and 0.026 kg/kg CO(2) at 49.6 MPa/70 °C. The extract contained 107 mg/kg carotenoids, 1538 mg/kg tocochromanols, and 15904 mg/kg phytosterols at 49.6 MPa/70 °C. The Sovova model and Chrastil model were successfully used to describe the extraction of total lipids and apparent solubility of total and minor lipids, respectively. The study revealed that DDGS is a good inexpensive source of lipids and valuable minor lipid components and that SC-CO(2) extraction can be used as a "green" process to add value to corn DDGS by recovering such high-value lipids.
Effects of mlc Gene Modulation on Acetate Accumulation in Escherichia Coli Culture (2014)

When Escherichia coli (E. coli) is grown in the presence of excess glucose, acetate is produced, oftentimes as an undesired by-product. Mlc is a global repressor for sugar transporters in E. coli, including glucose. This body of work examines the overexpression of Mlc via expression vectors in E. coli cultures under constitutive and inducible promoters. Sequence changes to the translational start codon and codon 52 of the mlc sequence inserted in the expression vectors were introduced. These changes were evaluated for their impact on glucose uptake rates, acetate production, and overall cell growth when Mlc was overexpressed in E. coli cultures in the presence of excess glucose. Furthermore, expression vectors carrying the mlc gene versions were co-transformed with a plasmid encoding for a therapeutic protein in order to study the impact of Mlc overexpression on the production of the therapeutic protein. Results showed varied levels of Mlc overexpression; however a correlation was drawn between increased Mlc expression and decreased acetate production as a result of slower glucose uptake into the cell. This characteristic resulted in improved cell growth in the form of higher density cultures. In addition to growing to higher cell densities, a 1.7-fold increase of therapeutic protein production was observed in cultures overexpressing Mlc, compared to the control.