gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastomeric Phases for Toughening Air Force High-Temperature Polymers (1999)

Abstract : A number of high-temperature polymers of interest and importance to the U.S. Air Force have a degree of brittleness that limits their utilization. This brittleness was reduced, and a number of other physical properties were improved, by the in-situ introduction of dispersed elastomeric phases. This was done in a modification of the sol-gel approach previously used to modify other properties by the introduction of much harder ceramic-like phases.
Residual interpolation for color image demosaicking (2013)

A color difference interpolation technique is widely used for color image demosaicking. In this paper, we propose residual interpolation as an alternative to the color difference interpolation, where the residual is a difference between an observed and a tentatively estimated pixel value. We incorporate the proposed residual interpolation into the gradient based threshold free (GBTF) algorithm, which is one of current state-of-the-art demosaicking algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed demosaicking algorithm using the residual interpolation can give state-of-the-art performance for the 30 images of Kodak and IMAX datasets.
Evaluation of ctDNA in patients with CRPC with pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA2. (2023)

253 Background: Approximately 3-5% of advanced prostate cancer patients have pathogenic BRCA2 mutations in germline tests. In this study, we examine the relationship between pathogenic germline BRCA2 mutation and somatic changes in ctDNA. Methods: Germline screenings were performed by Invitae multi-cancer gene panel which includes 50-84 genes. ctDNA alterations were detected by Guardant 360 assays which report somatic changes in 70-83 genes. All ctDNA samples were collected in post-abiraterone and/or enzalutamide (in CRPC patients). Any pathogenic/likely pathogenic somatic alterations in the ctDNAs with more than 0.1% of allelic fraction were included in this cohort. The type of mutation detected in ctDNA was also assessed (truncating, point, etc.). Statistical significance for comparison is calculated with Fischer Exact Probablity Test and Chi-Square Test. Results: A total of 11 patients had germline BRCA2 pathogenic mutations and ctDNA assays; 267 patients had no germline DNA pathogenic alterations and ctDNA assays. Compared to germline normal patients, the germline BRCA2 mutations were less likely to have AR alterations on ctDNA (OR=0.2133, 95% C.I. [0.087, 0.525], p-value = 0.0003). BRCA2 germline positive patients were also more likely to have a mutated BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 ctDNA (OR=7.899, 95% C.I. [1.2745, 48.9548], p=0.055), (OR=7.899, 95% C.I. [1.7529, 16.059], p=0.008), and (OR=6.442, 95% C.I. [2.449, 16.946], p=0.00001), respectively. All other ctDNA assessed genes were mutated at a similar frequency between germline BRCA2 mutated and “normal” germline patients. BRCA2 germline mutations patients are less likely to have copy number alterations (CNVs) (OR=0.3992, 95% C.I. [0.2168, 0.7352], p=0.0031) and more likely to have frameshift mutations (OR=2.3182, 95% C.I. [1.169, 4.5972], p=0.0183). Conclusions: The ctDNA testing in this CRPC population (after abiraterone and/or enzalutamide) was less likely to find AR alterations and more likely to find pathogenic mutations for BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 in BRCA2 germline positive patients. In addition, BRCA2 germline positive CRPC patients were more likely to have frameshift mutations and less likely to have CNVs than those with an intact germline. Characterizing the mutational landscape in BRCA2 germline mutated patients may help to better define underlying disease biology. Those with BRCA mutated germline may be less likely to have AR driven tumors. More study is needed to better understand patients with underlying DNA repair defects.
Type-2 fuzzy logic systems: type-reduction (2002)

Type-reduction in a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS) is an "extended" version of the defuzzification operation in a type-1 FLS. In this paper, we briefly review the structure of a type-2 FLS and describe type-reduction in detail. We focus on a center-of-sets type-reducer, and provide some examples to illustrate it. We also provide some practical approximations to type-reduction computations for certain type-2 membership functions.
Gene Function (1981)

My aim in writing Gene Function has been to present an up-to-date picture ofthe molecular biology of Escherichia coli. I have not attempted a chronological description, believing that a mechanistic ac
Relative Neuroprotective Effects of Dizocilpine and Isoflurane During Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat (1998)

Both dizocilpine (MK-801) and isoflurane antagonize glutamatergic neurotransmission. In this study, we examined the relative neuroprotective effects of these drugs administered in equianesthetic doses before the onset of focal cerebral ischemia. Rats were anesthetized with 1.0%-1.5% isoflurane and surgically prepared for filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). After preparation, one group (n = 22) remained anesthetized with 0.7% isoflurane. Another group (n = 18) was given dizocilpine (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally), and isoflurane was discontinued. The third group (n = 18) was allowed to awaken immediately after the onset of ischemia. MCAO persisted for 75 min. Epidural temperature was controlled at 37.5[degree sign]C during ischemia and the first 22 h of recovery. A 7-day recovery interval was allowed. Total infarction volumes (mean +/- SD) were less for the dizocilpine group (100 +/- 65 mm3) versus the awake group (182 +/- 36 mm3; P = 0.001). Infarction volumes did not differ significantly between the isoflurane group (142 +/- 81 mm3) and either the dizocilpine (P = 0.11) or the awake group (P = 0.15). Isoflurane was examined at doses used clinically but smaller than those found to reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated injury in vitro. This study supports the hypothesis that NMDA receptor activation is injurious during focal ischemia and that amelioration of focal ischemic brain damage by NMDA receptor antagonists persists under normothermic conditions. Implications: Rats underwent focal cerebral ischemia with rigid maintenance of brain normothermia. The glutamate receptor antagonist dizocilpine was effective in reducing cerebral infarction size during persistent conditions of brain normothermia. In contrast, isoflurane administered at equianesthetic doses did not reduce infarction size. This study supports the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation is injurious during focal ischemia and that amelioration of focal ischemic brain damage by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists persists under normothermic conditions. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:72-8)
Design considerations for the acoustic waveguide biosensor (1997)

Love waveguide devices utilize shear-horizontal waves which propagate on the top layer of a coated SSBW acoustic device. Initially, attention was focused on the selection of a material which would effectively guide the Love wave. Silica and polymethyl methacrylate were used as guiding layers and the mass sensitivity of the corresponding sensors was tested in air. Low-shear-acoustic-velocity polymer overlayers were found to guide the Love wave most effectively with a maximum sensitivity of . The polymer waveguide sensor was further used to detect protein adsorption on the polymer surface from IgG solutions within the concentration range of 1 - . Radiolabelled IgG was applied to the device surface in order to calibrate the wave response to protein surface mass density. Finally, the effect of the acoustoelectric interaction on liquid-based applications was studied by utilizing a three-layer waveguide geometry. It was found that the evaporation of a 50 nm gold layer on the polymer overlayer can be used to eliminate acoustoelectric interactions without interfering with the Love wave propagation. After activation with protein A and IgG, the above system was used successfully to detect the direct binding of 400 ppb atrazine.
Placebo‐controlled Randomized Clinical Trial on the Immunomodulating Activities of Low‐ and High‐Dose Bromelain after Oral Administration – New Evidence on the Antiinflammatory Mode of Action of Bromelain (2012)

Bromelain has been used for treatment of inflammatory diseases for decades. However, the exact mechanism of action remains poorly understood. While in vitro investigations have shown conflicting effects on the release of various cytokines, no in vivo data were available. In this study, the effects on inflammation-related cytokines of two doses of bromelain were tested in a single dose placebo-controlled 3 × crossover randomized clinical trial. Cytokine circadian profiles were used to investigate the effects of bromelain on the human immune system by using stimulated whole-blood leukocytes. The effects seen in these cultures demonstrated a significant shift in the circadian profiles of the Th1 cell mediator interferon gamma (IFNγ; p < 0.043) after bromelain 3000 FIP (Fédération Internationale Pharmaceutique) units, and trends in those of the Th2-type cytokine IL-5 as well as the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. This suggests a general effect on the antigen-specific (T cell) compartment of the human immune system. This is the first time that bromelain has been shown to modulate the cellular responses of lymphocyte after oral use. It is postulated that the immunomodulating effect of bromelain observed in this trial is part of its known antiinflammatory activities. Further investigations will be necessary to verify the relevance of these findings to a diseased immune system.
Channels, Layout and Size Scalability of Implantable CMOS-Based Multielectrode Array Probes (2022)

Micro-structured monolithic CMOS devices enable the integration of dense microelectrode arrays and on-chip circuits for low-power implantable brain interfaces with single neuron spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we demonstrate the scalability of SiNAPS CMOS-probe technology with respect to different probe layouts, array sizes and shank dimensions down to microwire size ranges.
Laser separation of chemically strengthened glass (2010)

A laser method for separating the strengthened glass and the effect of this process on edge quality and strength are reported. We have shown, for the first time to our knowledge, that developed laser based cutting technique enables clean full separation of the strengthened glass sheets having high level of ion exchange without spontaneous cracking or shattering. Nearly "flaw-free" edge was achieved after optimization of the laser cutting parameters and after defining of an optimum range of the central tension inside the glass. As a result, high strength of the edge of >500 MPa is demonstrated for the first time.
Visualizing heterogeneous dipole fields by terahertz light coupling in individual nano-junctions used in transmon qubits (2022)

Abstract The fundamental challenge underlying superconducting quantum computing is to characterize heterogeneity and disorder that lead to local electric field concentration, charge scattering, dissipation and ultimately decoherence. It is particularly challenging to probe deep sub-wavelength electric field distribution under electromagnetic wave coupling at individual nano-junctions and correlate them with structural imperfections from interface and boundary, ubiquitous in Josephson junctions used in transmon qubits. A major obstacle lies in the fact that conventional microscopy tools are incapable of measuring {\em simultaneous} at nanometer and terahertz, ``nano-THz” scales, which often associate with frequency-dependent charge scattering in nano-junctions. Here we directly visualize interface nano-dipole near-field distribution of individual Al/AlO$_{x}$/Al junctions used in transmon qubits. Our THz nanoscope images show a remarkable asymmetry across the junction in electromagnetic wave-junction coupling response that manifests as ``hot" vs ``cold" cusp spatial electrical field structures and correlates with defected boundaries from the multi-angle deposition processes in JJ fabrication inside qubit devices. The asymmetric nano-dipole electric field contrast also correlates with distinguishing, ``overshoot" frequency dependence that characterizes the charge scattering and dissipation at nanoscale, hidden in responses from topographic, structural imaging and spatially-averaged techniques. The scheme can be extended to guide qubit nano-fabrication for ultimately optimizing qubit coherence times.
89Zr-Nanoparticle PET Imaging of Carotid Plaques in a Murine Model of Atherosclerosis (2021)

1231 Objectives: Arterial plaque detection and monitoring remains difficult, especially with unstable non-calcified plaques that do not greatly attenuate on CT. These plaques do show a large degree of CD68+ monocyte and macrophage infiltration, giving a good biological target for nuclear imaging. Here we use a 89Zr-labeled nanoparticle, Feraheme (FH), to image this inflammation in a murine model of carotid artery atherosclerosis. FH is an FDA-approved drug which is known to be preferentially phagocytosed by monocytes and macrophages, and 89Zr-FH has previously been used for imaging monocyte trafficking by PET. Methods: 8-week-old male FVB/NJ mice (n = 4) were fed a 0.2% high-cholesterol diet (TD 88137, Envigo Teklad, Hackensack, NJ) for eight weeks after initial acclimation. Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg i.p.) was injected for 8 consecutive days at week 4 to induce diabetes. Two weeks after inducing diabetes, the left carotid artery (LCA) was surgically ligated to accelerate atherosclerosis. The intact right carotid artery (RCA) served as a negative control. At week 8, mice were injected retro-orbitally with 89Zr-FH (178±32 µCi). Mice were imaged by microPET/CT at 4,24, & 96 hours after injection with 89Zr-FH. After the final imaging time point, carotid arteries were removed and exposed on autoradiography film.
 Results: PET imaging revealed an increasing signal in the LCA over 96 hours. PET imaging also showed activity in injured carotids was significantly (p=0.017) higher than in the contralateral artery at 96 hours after injection (Fig. 1a). At the final imaging timepoint, activity in the injured vessel showed an SUV increase of 59.9% over contralateral controls (Fig. 1b). Ex vivo autoradiography results confirmed in vivo imaging, showing much greater signal in the LCA over the control RCA (Fig. 1c).
 Conclusions: 89Zr-FH appears to be a strong tool in imaging and detection of atherosclerotic plaques. This nanoparticle offers a quantitative, non-invasive, and clinically translatable tool for monitoring the location of unstable plaques. In addition to its utility in detection of vulnerable plaques, this tool could also be used in drug development and monitoring response to therapy, quantifying response to treatment.
Acknowledgements: Support for this work came from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R00HL127180 , T32EB013180, & P41EB022544.
An integrated solution for testing and analyzing Java applications in an industrial setting (2005)

Testing a large-scale, real-life commercial software application is a very challenging task due to the constant changes in the software, the involvement of multiple programmers and testers, and a large amount of code. Integrating testing with development can help find program bugs at an earlier stage and hence reduce the overall cost. In this paper, we report our experience on how to apply eXVantage (a tool suite for code coverage testing, debugging, performance profiling, etc.) to a large, complex Java application at the implementation and unit testing phases in Avaya. Our results suggest that programmers and testers can benefit from using eXVantage to monitor the testing process, gain confidence on the quality of their software, detect bugs which are otherwise difficult to reveal, and identify performance bottlenecks in terms of which part of code is most frequently executed.
Integration of 2D CMUT arrays with front-end electronics for volumetric ultrasound imaging (2008)

For three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, connecting elements of a two-dimensional (2D) transducer array to the imaging system's front-end electronics is a challenge because of the large number of array elements and the small element size. To compactly connect the transducer array with electronics, we flip-chip bond a 2D 16 x 16-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array to a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC). Through-wafer interconnects are used to connect the CMUT elements on the top side of the array with flip-chip bond pads on the back side. The IC provides a 25-V pulser and a transimpedance preamplifier to each element of the array. For each of three characterized devices, the element yield is excellent (99 to 100% of the elements are functional). Center frequencies range from 2.6 MHz to 5.1 MHz. For pulse echo operation, the average - 6-dB fractional bandwidth is as high as 125%. Transmit pressures normalized to the face of the transducer are as high as 339 kPa and input-referred receiver noise is typically 1.2 to 2.1 mPa/pHz. The flip-chip bonded devices were used to acquire 3D synthetic aperture images of a wire-target phantom. Combining the transducer array and IC, as shown in this paper, allows for better utilization of large arrays, improves receive sensitivity, and may lead to new imaging techniques that depend on transducer arrays that are closely coupled to IC electronics.
Long Exposure PSF Reconstruction for GPI (2009)

We investigate the performance and limitations of two different methods to reconstruct the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) long-exposure PSF based on a statistical analysis of the AO-WFS data provided by the GPI AO simulation tool.
Transient behaviors of gas in thermal insulation media at rapid depressurization. (1979)

Thermal insulation systems are often used to high-temperature gas cooled reactors. In this paper, transient behavior of the gas flow in thermal insulation media was systematically analyzed in the case of sudden decrease in a coolant pressure. The structure of these systems is capable of substituting for the simplified model that the gas in a containment filled with porous insulation media exhausts from a balancing hole to main flow duct. In the case of rapid depressurization, these behaviors were calculated by using equations of continuity and motion based on the Darcy flow model with area ratio of a balancing hole and permeability of porous insulation media as parameters. The transient pressure difference of a hot liner wall between the main flow helium and the insulation layer induced at depressurization was numerically analyzed. It was revealed from analytical results that transient behaviors were strongly influenced by prescribed parameters, and experimental results can be explained by using the analytical model.
The influence of mannitol on myoglobinuric acute renal failure (1991)

This study was undertaken to explore the protective influence of mannitol against the glycerol model of myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) mannitol confers cytoprotection by acutely blunting renal hypoperfusion, thereby improving tubular cell energetics; (2) as an hydroxyl radical (OH.) scavenger, mannitol mitigates Fe-driven lipid peroxidation and, hence, decreases tubular cell necrosis; and (3) mannitol prevents intrarenal heme pigment trapping, decreasing cast formation. Rats were injected with 50% glycerol (10 mL/kg im), followed immediately by an iv mannitol (1.25 mL/100 g over 1 h) or sham infusion. Mannitol induced a brisk diuresis (approximately 5.7 mL/2 h; approximately 35 mg of heme protein excreted), whereas glycerol controls were anuric. Mannitol did not significantly increase postglycerol RBF (2.8 mL/min), and it paradoxically worsened cellular energetics, halving cortical ATP concentrations at 1 h. However, this adverse effect on ATP was transient, correlating with active diuresis. Glycerol did not induce convincing in vivo lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; conjugated diene assay), and mannitol did not block Fe-driven in vitro lipid peroxidation of isolated brush border membrane vesicles. Na benzoate, an OH. scavenger, conferred no in vivo or in vitro protection. However, Na2SO4, not an OH. scavenger, reproduced the diuretic and in vivo protective effects of mannitol. Purified myoglobin infusion (35 mg) largely negated the beneficial action of mannitol. It was concluded that mannitol confers functional but not cytoprotection against the glycerol acute renal failure model, it acutely worsens renal bioenergetics, and its protective influence is probably due to a diuretic, not an antioxidant, effect.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Demonstrate Mitochondrial Damage Clearance During Sepsis (2019)

Our findings support data that sepsis-induced mitochondrial damage is reversed by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and that gene transcripts measured noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells can serve as novel biomarkers of sepsis recovery.
Guanidinium-tagged Organocatalysts for Direct Aldol Reactions (2011)

Hexasubstituted guanidinium moieties have been used as ionic liquid tags for organocatalyts for the first time. Such conjugates were obtained in the (S)-proline and (S)-pyrrolidine-2-ylmethyl series by alkylation reactions of pentasubstituted guanidines. The resulting guanidinium-tagged organocatalysts were applied to asymmetric direct aldol reactions providing high stereoselectivities and yields and good recyclability, and thus performed better than (S)-proline itself
Evaluation and management of infected total knee arthroplasty. (1994)

Infection after total knee arthroplasty is an infrequent but devastating complication. An understanding of the cause of infection, its diagnosis, and potential treatment options is essential to achieve a satisfactory result. The most successful treatment option is reimplantation with an 89% success rate of elimination of infection. However, some individuals require alternative salvage techniques.
DeepMNavigate: Deep Reinforced Multi-Robot Navigation Unifying Local & Global Collision Avoidance (2019)

We present a novel algorithm (DeepMNavigate) for global multi-agent navigation in dense scenarios using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Our approach uses local and global information for each robot from motion information maps. We use a three-layer CNN that takes these maps as input to generate a suitable action to drive each robot to its goal position. Our approach is general, learns an optimal policy using a multi-scenario, multi-state training algorithm, and can directly handle raw sensor measurements for local observations. We demonstrate the performance on dense, complex benchmarks with narrow passages and environments with tens of agents. We highlight the algorithm's benefits over prior learning methods and geometric decentralized algorithms in complex scenarios.
Negative refraction devices based on self-collimating photonic crystals (2007)

Light passing through a photonic crystal can undergo a negative or a positive refraction. The two refraction states can be functions of the contrast index, the incident angle and the slab thickness. By suitably using these properties it is possible to realize very simple and very efficient optical components to route the light. As example we present two devices: a passive device acting as a polarizing beam splitter and a tunable switch. In the first device TM polarization is refracted in positive direction whereas TE component is negatively refracted, in the second device the light is positively refracted at room temperature and negatively refracted varying the local temperature of the device.