gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Software Defined Networks within a Cloud Federation (2015)

Cloud computing has generally involved the use of specialist data centres to support computation and data storage at a central site (or a limited number of sites). The motivation for this has come from the need to provide economies of scale (and subsequent reduction in cost) for supporting large scale computation for multiple user applications over (generally) a shared, multi-tenancy infrastructure. The use of such infrastructures requires moving data to a central location (data may be pre-staged to such a location prior to processing using terrestrial delivery channels and does not always require the use of a network-based transfer), undertaking processing on the data, and subsequently enabling users to download results of analysis. We extend this model using software defined networks (SDNs), whereby capability within the network can be used to support in-transit processing while data is in movement from source to destination. Using a smart building infrastructure scenario, consisting of sensors and actuators embedded within a built environment, we describe how an SDN-based architecture can be used to support real time data processing. This significantly influences the processing times to support energy optimisation of the building and reduces costs. We describe an architecture for such a distributed, multi-layered Cloud system and discuss a prototype that has been implemented using the CometCloud system, deployed across three sites in the UK and the US. Wevalidate the prototype using data from sensors within a Sports facility and making use of EnergyPlus.
Investigation of the subtypes of α1‐adrenoceptor mediating contractions of rat aorta, vas deferens and spleen (1993)

1. The subtypes of alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediating contractions to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) or phenylephrine in rat vas deferens, spleen and aorta, and mediating contractions to endogenous NA in rat vas deferens have been examined. 2. In rat vas deferens, the competitive antagonists prazosin, WB 4101, benoxathian and 5-methyl-urapidil inhibited contractions to NA with pA2 values of 9.26, 9.54, 9.02 and 8.43, respectively. The irreversible antagonist chloroethylclonidine (CEC) (100 microM) failed to affect contractions to NA. 3. In rat vas deferens in the presence of nifedipine (10 microM), contractions to NA were significantly attenuated and under these conditions, CEC (100 microM) significantly reduced the maximum response to NA. 4. In rat spleen, the competitive antagonists prazosin, WB 4101 and benoxathian inhibited contractions to phenylephrine with pA2 values of 9.56, 8.85 and 7.60, respectively, and 5-methyl-urapidil had a KB of 6.62. CEC (100 microM) significantly reduced the maximum contraction to phenylephrine. 5. In rat aorta, the competitive antagonists, prazosin, WB 4101, benoxathian and 5-methyl-urapidil inhibited contractions to NA with pA2 values of 9.45, 9.21, 8.55 and 8.12, respectively. CEC (100 microM) produced an approximately parallel shift in the potency of NA, without significantly reducing the maximum response. 6. In epididymal portions of rat vas deferens in the presence of nifedipine (10 microM), the isometric contraction to a single electrical pulse was significantly reduced by CEC (100 microM), and by the competitive antagonists prazosin, WB 4101, benoxathian and 5-methyl-urapidil at concentrations of 1 nM. 7. In prostatic portions of rat vas deferens, the alpha l-adrenoceptor agonist, amidephrine, produced concentration-dependent increases in the isometric contraction to a single electrical stimulus and the maximum increase in the evoked response produced by amidephrine was unaffected by CEC (100 microM).8. Contractions of rat vas deferens produced by NA (and amidephrine) are mediated predominantly by alpha lA-adrenoceptors as shown by the high potency of alpha lA-adrenoceptor selective antagonists and the lack of effect of CEC. A small CEC-sensitive response, particularly in epididymal portions, was revealed in the presence of nifedipine. Contractions of rat spleen are mediated by alpha lB-adrenoceptors since alpha 1A selective antagonists showed low potency and CEC significantly reduced the maximum contraction to phenylephrine. Contractions of rat aorta to NA are mediated by non-alpha lA, non-alpha lB-adrenoceptors, due to the high potency of the aMA-selective antagonists and sensitivity to CEC.9. The noradrenergic contraction of epididymal portions of rat vas deferens in the presence of nifedipine is CEC-sensitive, but the alpha 1 A-selective antagonists showed high potency, suggesting that this response is mediated by non-alpha lA, non-alpha 1B-adrenoceptors.10. In conclusion, at least three subtypes of functional alpha 1-adrenoceptors have been demonstrated in these studies.
Evaluating drug distribution in children and young adults with diffuse midline glioma of the pons (DIPG) treated with convection-enhanced drug delivery (2023)

ADC and T2W MRI are proposed as a combined parameter method for evaluation of CED infusate distribution in brainstem tumors in future clinical trials.
Electron-Impact-Induced Fragmentation of N-(Substitutedthio)Phthalimides. A Rationalization for their Pre-Vulcanization Inhibition (1975)

Abstract The pre-vulcanization inhibitor activity of a series of N-(substitutedthio)-phthalimides is attributed to thermal cleavage of the N—S bond with formation of phthalimide and the corresponding thiol radical, which subsequently acts as a scavenger for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole giving the unsymmetrical 2-benzothiazolyl disulfide.
Trust and Behavioral Economics (2021)

This chapter explores the role of trust in facilitating economic transactions. We cover seminal and more recent research suggesting how the game-theoretic approach in economics relies on trust to explain market transactions between two parties – individuals and firms. We also study how the experimental results of the trust game (and assorted variations) introduced by economists helps better our understanding of how trust affects the underlying dynamic in dyadic transactions. Relationships between trust levels in society and macroeconomic growth are also explored.
Mice homozygous for chromosomal deletions at the albino locus region lack specific polypeptides in two-dimensional gels. (1984)

Radiation-induced chromosomal deletions involving the albino locus region of the mouse result, when homozygous, in abnormalities ranging from sterility to lethality at various stages of development. We have utilized two-dimensional electrophoresis to search for polypeptide alterations in livers from newborn mice homozygous for the c14CoS and c3H deletions and also from c3H/c6H compound heterozygote mice. Five-hundred polypeptide spots detectable in normal mouse liver gels were scored. Alterations involving five polypeptides were observed in the various overlapping deletions. A spot corresponding to a polypeptide with a 38,000 Mr was missing from mice homozygous for the short c14CoS and the longer overlapping c3H deletions. Another polypeptide with a 29,000 Mr was missing from c3H homozygotes and c3H/c6H heterozygotes. A third polypeptide with a 62,000 Mr was missing only from c3H homozygotes. Two additional polypeptides were markedly increased in amount in c14CoS and c3H homozygotes. The partial overlap between the three deletions analyzed allows provisional genetic mapping of previously unknown loci for three of the five electrophoretically identifiable polypeptides expressed in newborn mouse livers. The results obtained provide a basis for studying radiation-induced deletions with two-dimensional electrophoresis gels.
Axial Ligand Effects on Vibrational Dynamics of Iron in Heme Carbonyl Studied by Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy (2012)

Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) and density functional theory calculation (DFT) have been applied to illuminate the effect of axial ligation on the vibrational dynamics of iron in heme carbonyl. The analyses of the NRVS data of five- (5c) and six-coordinate (6c) heme-CO complexes indicate that the prominent feature of (57)Fe partial vibrational density of state ((57)FePVDOS) at the 250-300 cm(-1) region is significantly affected by the association of the axial ligand. The DFT calculations predict that the prominent (57)FePVDOS is composed of iron in-plane motions which are coupled with porphyrin pyrrole in-plane (ν(49), ν(50), and ν(53)), an out-of-plane (γ(8)) (two of four pyrrole rings include the in-plane modes, while the rest of pyrrole rings vibrate along the out-of-plane coordinate), and out-of-phase carbonyl C and O atom displacement perpendicular to the Fe-C-O axis. Thus, in the case of the 5c CO-heme the prominent (57)FePVDOS shows sharp and intense feature because of the degeneracy of the e symmetry mode within the framework of C(4v) symmetry molecule, whereas the association of the axial imidazole ligand in the 6c complex with the lowered symmetry results in split of the degenerate vibrational energy as indicated by broader and lower intensity features of the corresponding NRVS peak compared to the 5c structure. The vibrational energy of the iron in-plane motion in the 6c complex is higher than that in 5c, implying that the iron in the 6c complex includes stronger in-plane interaction with the porphyrin compared to 5c. The iron in-plane mode above 500 cm(-1), which is predominantly coupled with the out-of-phase carbonyl C and O atom motion perpendicular to Fe-C-O, called as Fe-C-O bending mode (δ(Fe-C-O)), also suggests that the 6c structure involves a larger force constant for the e symmetry mode than 5c. The DFT calculations along with the NRVS data suggest that the stiffened iron in-plane motion in the 6c complex can be ascribed to diminished pseudo-Jahn-Teller instability along the e symmetry displacement due to an increased a(1)-e orbital energy gap caused by σ* interaction between the iron d(z(2)) orbital and the nitrogen p orbital from the axial imidazole ligand. Thus, the present study implicates a fundamental molecular mechanism of axial ligation of heme in association with a diatomic gas molecule, which is a key primary step toward versatile biological functions.
Epithelial and Myoepithelial Oncocytes: Ultrastructural Study of a Salivary Gland Oncocytoma (1971)

An oncocytoma of the submaxillary gland was examined by light and electron microscopy. Two different types of oncocytes were seen. The most prevalent was the usual polyhedral, epithelial oncocyte. The second type of oncocyte has not previously been described, to our knowledge, and consisted of an elongated cell with myofibrils and mitochondrial hyperplasia, a myoepithelial oncocyte. It is concluded that, regardless of cell type, an oncocyte should be defined by the ultrastructural characteristic of mitochondrial hyperplasia. The fine structural features of the hyperplastic mitochondria suggest that they may be secondary to quantitative mitochondrial enzyme(s) deficiency.
Cryogenic metrology for the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module alignment target fixtures using laser radar through a chamber window (2010)

The James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module utilizes two fixtures to align the Optical Telescope Element Simulator (OSIM) to the coordinate systems established on the ISIM and the ISIM Test Platform (ITP). These fixtures contain targets which are visible to the OSIM Alignment Diagnostics Module (ADM). Requirements on these fixtures must be met under ambient and cryogenic conditions. This paper discusses the cryogenic metrology involving Laser Radar measurements through a chamber window that will be used to link photogrammetry target measurements used during ISIM structure cryogenic verification and the ADM targets, including evaluation of distortion introduced from the window.
Agrobacterium-plant cell DNA transport: have virulence proteins, will travel. (1996)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium) is a soil phytopathogen that genetically transforms host cells, causing crown gall tumors, an agronomically important disease that affects most dicotyledonous plants. In nature, these tumors are formed at the soil?air junction, the so-called crown of the plant. The Agrobacterium-plant cell interaction is the only known natural example of DNA transport between kingdoms. In this process, DNA is transported from wild-type Agrobac? terium into the plant cell nucleus. Expression of this transferred DNA (T-DNA) results in neoplastic growths (tumors) on the host plant. The wild-type T-DNA carries genes involved in the synthesis of plant growth hormones and the production of opines, tumor-specific compounds formed by the condensa? tion of an amino acid with a keto acid or a sugar. It is the production of growth hormones in the transformed host cells that induces the formation of tumors. These tumors then syn? thesize opines, a major carbon and nitrogen source for Agrobacterium. Agrobacteria are usually classified based on the type of opines specified by the bacterial T-DNA, the most common strains being octopine or nopaline specific (Hooykaas and Beijersbergen, 1994). Opine import into and the subse? quent catabolism within the bacterial cell require specialized enzymes. Because these enzymes are encoded by the Agrobacterium tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid, practically no other soil microorganisms can metabolize opines, creating a favorable biological niche for Agrobacterium. Three genetic components of Agrobacterium are required for plant cell transformation (Figure 1). The first component is the T-DNA, which is actually transported from the bacterium to the plant cell. The T-DNA is a discrete segment of DNA located on the 200-kb Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium; it is delineated by two 25-bp imperfect direct repeats known as the T-DNA borders. The second component is the 35-kb virulence (vir) region, also located on the Ti plasmid, which is composed of seven major loci (virA, virB, virC, virD, virE, virG, and virH). The protein products of these genes, termed virulence (Vir) proteins, respond to the specific compounds secreted by the wounded plant (see below) to generate a copy of the T-DNA
ICDAR2015 competition on Text Image Super-Resolution (2015)

This paper presents the first international competition on Text Image Super-Resolution (SR) and the ICDAR2015-TextSR dataset. We describe the core of the competition: interest, dataset generation and evaluation procedure, together with participating teams and their respective methods. The obtained results, along with baseline image upscaling schemes and state-of-the-art SR approaches are reported and commented. The main conclusion of this competition is that SR systems may improve OCR performances by up to 16.55 points in accuracy compared with bicubic interpolation for the proposed low resolution images.
Antagonists of the P2X7Receptor. From Lead Identification to Drug Development (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTAntagonists of the P2X7 Receptor. From Lead Identification to Drug DevelopmentSimon D. Guile*†, Lilian Alcaraz†, Timothy N. Birkinshaw†, Keith C. Bowers‡, Mark R. Ebden†, Mark Furber†, and Michael J. Stocks†View Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Bioscience, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K.* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +44-1509-645308. Fax: +44-1509-645512. E-mail: [email protected]†Department of Medicinal Chemistry.‡Department of Bioscience.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 10, 3123–3141Publication Date (Web):February 3, 2009Publication History Received4 December 2008Published online3 February 2009Published inissue 28 May 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm801528xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm801528xreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6071Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Antagonists,Chemical structure,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in freshwater lakes of the former Soviet Republic of Georgia (2009)

Three freshwater lakes, Lisi Lake, Kumisi Lake and Tbilisi Sea, near Tbilisi, Georgia, were studied from January 2006 to December 2007 to determine the presence of Vibrio cholerae employing both bacteriological culture method and direct detection methods, namely PCR and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). For PCR, DNA extracted from water samples was tested for presence of V. cholerae and genes coding for selected virulence factors. Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 was routinely isolated by culture from all three lakes; whereas V. cholerae O1 and O139 were not. Water samples collected during the summer months from Lisi Lake and Kumisi Lake were positive for both V. cholerae and V. cholerae ctxA, tcpA, zot, ompU and toxR by PCR. Water samples collected during the same period from both Lisi and Kumisi Lake were also positive for V. cholerae serogroup O1 by DFA. All of the samples were negative for V. cholerae serotype O139. The results of this study provide evidence for an environmental presence of toxigenic V. cholerae O1, which may represent a potential source of illness as these lakes serve as recreational water in Tbilisi, Georgia.
Familial Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A Specific Entity? (2016)

Familial KLS is mostly present in the same generation, and is clinically similar to but slightly less severe than sporadic KLS.
Monocyte-derived IL-1α enables host resistance to M. tuberculosis by activating stroma-derived TNF-α and stalling pathogen replication in vivo. (P1247) (2013)

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is one of the most prevalent and deadly human pathogens. The molecular mechanisms determining the outcomes of infection with M.tb remain incompletely understood. Here we show that IL-1α-mediated signaling from infected macrophages is absolutely required for effective pathogen control in a model of pulmonary M.tb infection in mice. We further show that M.tb replication and survival of infected cells in vivo is controlled through an IL-1α-driven signaling to stroma cells that secrete in response TNF-α and enable cell-intrinsic resistance to the pathogen by limiting its replication at a single cell level. The lack of IL-1α leads to profound non-resolving inflammation that contributes to pathology, rather than to pathogen control. Restoration of IL-1α expression in CD11c-positive lung leukocytes in IL-1alpha-deficient mice alleviates inflammation and improves survival of animals after M.tb infection. Our study implicates IL-1α-driven leukocyte-stroma cell crosstalk as a key step in triggering M.tb control mechanisms that are critical for host survival. These data reveal fundamental role of innate immunity in M.tb pathogenesis and define novel molecular targets for the development of drugs to control tuberculosis epidemics.
Data from Long-Term Survival in Patients Responding to Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy and Disease Outcome upon Treatment Discontinuation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Anti–PD-(L)1 can provide overall survival (OS) benefits over conventional treatments for patients with many different cancer types. However, the long-term outcome of cancer patients responding to these therapies remains unknown. This study is an exploratory study that aimed to describe the long-term survival of patients responding to anti–PD-(L)1 monotherapy across multiple cancer types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Data from patients treated with an anti–PD-(L)1 monotherapy in a phase I trial at Gustave Roussy were retrospectively analyzed over a period of 5 years. All cancer types (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19) were included. Clinical and biological factors associated with response, long-term survival, and secondary refractory disease were studied.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Among 262 eligible patients, the overall objective response rate was 29%. The median progression-free survival of responder patients (RP) at 3 months was 30 months, and the median OS of RP was not reached after a median follow-up of 34 months. In RPs, 3- and 5-year OS percentages were 84% and 64%, respectively. No death occurred in the 21 complete responders (CR) during the overall follow-up. However, many partial responders (PR) showed subsequent tumor relapses to treatment. Long responders (response ≥2 years) represented 11.8% of the overall population. These findings should be validated in further prospective studies.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;There are currently no differences in therapeutic strategies between CRs and PRs to anti–PD-(L)1. We found a striking difference in OS between these two types of responses. Our results are in favor of evaluating patient stratification strategies and intensification of treatments when tumor lesions of a partial responder to immunotherapy stop improving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Cohen and Flaherty, p. 910&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;