gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Watch, Think and Attend (2018)

Video classification has been achieved by automatically mining the underlying concepts (\eg actions, events) in videos, which plays an essential role in intelligent video analysis. However, most existing algorithms only exploit the visual cues of these concepts but ignore external knowledge information for modeling their relationships during the evolution of videos. In fact, humans have remarkable ability to utilize acquired knowledge to reason about the dynamically changing world. To narrow the knowledge gap between existing methods and humans, we propose an end-to-end video classification framework based on a structured knowledge graph, which can model the dynamic knowledge evolution in videos overtime. Here, we map the concepts of videos to the nodes of the knowledge graph. To effectively leverage the knowledge graph, we adopt a graph convLSTM model to not only identify local knowledge structures in each video shot but also model dynamic patterns of knowledge evolution across these shots. Furthermore, a novel knowledge-based attention model is designed by considering the importance of each video shot and relationships between concepts. We show that by using knowledge graphs, our framework is able to improve the performance of various existing methods. Extensive experimental results on two video classification benchmarks UCF101 and Youtube-8M demonstrate the favorable performance of the proposed framework.
From Lewisburg to California in 1849, (cont'd) (1945)

CHAPTER VIIIWednesday, June 13
Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (2006)

[18107-18-1] C4H10N2Si (MW 114.25) InChI = 1S/C4H10N2Si/c1-7(2,3)4-6-5/h4H,1-3H3 InChIKey = ONDSBJMLAHVLMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (one-carbon homologation reagent; stable, safe substitute for diazomethane; ‘CNN’ 1,3-dipole for the preparation of azoles1) Physical Data: bp 96 °C/775 mmHg; nD25 1.4362.2 Solubility: sol most organic solvents; insol H2O. Form Supplied in: commercially available as 2 M and 10 w/w% solutions in hexane, and 10 w/w% solution in CH2Cl2; also available as 2 M solutions in diethyl ether or hexanes. Analysis of Reagent Purity: concentration in hexane is determined by 1H NMR.3 Preparative Method: prepared by the diazo-transfer reaction of Trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium Chloride with Diphenyl Phosphorazidate (DPPA) (eq 1).3 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: should be protected from light.
Site-specific mutagenesis of histidine residues in the lac permease of Escherichia coli. (1985)

The lacY gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes the lac permease, has been modified by oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific mutagenesis such that each of the four histidine residues in the molecule is replaced with an arginine residue. Replacement of histidine-35 and histidine-39 with arginine has no apparent effect on permease activity. In contrast, replacement of either histidine-205 or histidine-322 by arginine causes a dramatic loss of transport activity, although the cells contain a normal complement of permease molecules, as determined by immunoadsorption assays. Interestingly, although substitution of histidine-205 or histidine-322 by arginine results in the loss of ability to catalyze active lactose transport, permease molecules with arginine at residue 322 appear to facilitate downhill lactose movements at high concentrations of the disaccharide. The results provide strong support for the contention that histidine residues in the lac permease play an important role in the coupling between lactose and proton translocation.
OnACID: Online Analysis of Calcium Imaging Data in Real Time (2017)

Optical imaging methods using calcium indicators are critical for monitoring the activity of large neuronal populations in vivo. Imaging experiments typically generate a large amount of data that needs to be processed to extract the activity of the imaged neuronal sources. While deriving such processing algorithms is an active area of research, most existing methods require the processing of large amounts of data at a time, rendering them vulnerable to the volume of the recorded data, and preventing real-time experimental interrogation. Here we introduce OnACID, an Online framework for the Analysis of streaming Calcium Imaging Data, including i) motion artifact correction, ii) neuronal source extraction, and iii) activity denoising and deconvolution. Our approach combines and extends previous work on online dictionary learning and calcium imaging data analysis, to deliver an automated pipeline that can discover and track the activity of hundreds of cells in real time, thereby enabling new types of closed-loop experiments. We apply our algorithm on two large scale experimental datasets, benchmark its performance on manually annotated data, and show that it outperforms a popular offline approach. © 2017 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.
Growth of Gate Oxides on 4H-SiC by NO at Low Partial Pressures (2014)

In an attempt to significantly reduce the amount of nitric oxide (NO), commonly used to improve the quality of gate oxides on 4H–SiC, a series of alternative gate oxidation processes using a combination of O 2 and NO gas mixtures at low partial pressures were investigated. The properties of 4H–SiC/SiO 2 interfaces on n-type MOS capacitors were examined by the measurement of accumulation conductances over a range of frequencies. Oxide integrity was evaluated by current–voltage measurements and by the extraction of the conduction band offset barrier heights through Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) analysis. A notable reduction of accumulation conductance, indicating a reduction of near-interface traps (NITs), was observed over all measured frequencies for oxidation processes containing NO with a partial-pressure of only 2%. Gate oxides grown in mixture of O 2 and NO at low-partial-pressures demonstrated a considerable improvement of dielectric properties, increasing the barrier height to near theoretical values.
Autosomal dominant dementia with widespread neurofibrillary tangles (1997)

Several familial dementing conditions with atypical features have been characterized, but only rarely is the neuropathology dominated solely by neurofibrillary lesions. We present a Midwestern American pedigree spanning four generations in which 15 individuals were affected by early-onset dementia with long disease duration, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, and with tau-rich neurofibrillary pathology found in the brain post mortem. The average age at presentation was 55 years with gradual onset and progression of memory loss and personality change. After 30 years' disease duration, the proband's neuropathologic examination demonstrated abundant intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) involving the hippocampus, pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, pons, and medulla. Only sparse neocortical tangles were present and amyloid plaques were absent. The tangles were recognized by antibodies specific for phosphorylation-independent (Tau-2, T46, 133, and Alz-50) and phosphorylation-dependent epitopes (AT8, T3P, PHF-1, 12E8, AT6, AT18, AT30) in tau proteins. Electron microscopy of NFTs in the dentate gyrus and midbrain demonstrated paired helical filaments. Although the clinical phenotype resembles Alzheimer's disease, and the neuropathologic phenotype resembles progressive supranuclear palsy, an alternative consideration is that this familial disorder may be a new or distinct disease entity.
CREATIVITY IN VIRTUAL DESIGN TEAMS (2010)

Virtual Teams are an increasingly seen phenomenon in the digitally-mediated global workplace. The creativity of Virtual Design Teams, a quite popular working arrangement amongst contemporary organizations, has not been researched extensively whilst creativity is seen as a prerequisite throughout the design process. This paper draws on the creativity, design and virtuality literatures and develops a model that sets the research boundaries and pinpoints some of the knowledge gaps. Specific research directions and questions are also presented based on the review.
DBM-DB: the diamondback moth genome database (2014)

The diamondback moth Genome Database (DBM-DB) is a central online repository for storing and integrating genomic data of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.). It provides comprehensive search tools and downloadable datasets for scientists to study comparative genomics, biological interpretation and gene annotation of this insect pest. DBM-DB contains assembled transcriptome datasets from multiple DBM strains and developmental stages, and the annotated genome of P. xylostella (version 2). We have also integrated publically available ESTs from NCBI and a putative gene set from a second DBM genome (KONAGbase) to enable users to compare different gene models. DBM-DB was developed with the capacity to incorporate future data resources, and will serve as a long-term and open-access database that can be conveniently used for research on the biology, distribution and evolution of DBM. This resource aims to help reduce the impact DBM has on agriculture using genomic and molecular tools. Database URL: http://iae.fafu.edu.cn/DBM/
Form‐ Lyngbya (2015)

Abstract Lyng'by.a. M.L. fem. n. Lyngbye named after H.C. Lyngbye, Danish botanist, 1782–1837. Filamentous organisms that share the entire range of cellular types with Oscillatoria (as here defined), but which produce a distinct, persistent, and firm sheath (Figure 1). The sheath may be thin but can be seen with phase contrast optics, particularly where it extends beyond the terminal cell of the trichome (Fig 1). The trichome diameters range from about 6 to ∼80 µm. Sheaths in some species may accrete to several µm in thickness and display laminations. Cells composing the trichomes are disk shaped (shorter than broad) , a feature also characteristic of Oscillatoria (as here defined). Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Lyngbya is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Cyanobacteriota / Cyanophyceae / Oscillatoriales / Microcoleaceae / Lyngbya The genus Lyngbya can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Lyngbya (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Cyanobacteriota / c__Cyanobacteriia / o__Thermosynechococcales / f__Thermosynechococcaceae / g__Lyngbya * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Mediates Vascular Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity (2007)

Vascular dysfunction is a major complication of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether inflammatory responses are activated in the vasculature of mice with diet-induced obesity, and if so, whether Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4), a key mediator of innate immunity, contributes to these responses. Mice lacking TLR4 (TLR4(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) controls were fed either a low fat (LF) control diet or a diet high in saturated fat (HF) for 8 weeks. In response to HF feeding, both genotypes displayed similar increases of body weight, body fat content, and serum insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels compared with mice on a LF diet. In lysates of thoracic aorta from WT mice maintained on a HF diet, markers of vascular inflammation both upstream (IKKbeta activity) and downstream of the transcriptional regulator, NF-kappaB (ICAM protein and IL-6 mRNA expression), were increased and this effect was associated with cellular insulin resistance and impaired insulin stimulation of eNOS. In contrast, vascular inflammation and impaired insulin responsiveness were not evident in aortic samples taken from TLR4(-/-) mice fed the same HF diet, despite comparable increases of body fat mass. Incubation of either aortic explants from WT mice or cultured human microvascular endothelial cells with the saturated FFA, palmitate (100 micromol/L), similarly activated IKKbeta, inhibited insulin signal transduction and blocked insulin-stimulated NO production. Each of these effects was subsequently shown to be dependent on both TLR4 and NF-kappaB activation. These findings identify the TLR4 signaling pathway as a key mediator of the deleterious effects of palmitate on endothelial NO signaling, and are the first to document a key role for TLR4 in the mechanism whereby diet-induced obesity induces vascular inflammation and insulin resistance.
The influence of oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains on the self-assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides in the solid state and in solution (2008)

Substituted benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) 1–4 comprising polar tetraethyleneglycol (tetraEG) and/or apolar (R)-3,7-dimethyloctyl side chains were synthesised and their self-assembly in the solid state and in solution was investigated. While BTA 1 (comprising 3 apolar side chains) shows helical columnar packing via threefold α-helical type intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the solid state and up to high dilutions in alkane solution (10−5 M), helical columnar order is only preserved for asymmetric BTA 2 (comprising 1 polar and 2 apolar side chains) in the solid state and in a concentrated alkane solution (10−2 M). The association constant Kass is reduced by a factor of 107 by introducing one polar tetraEG chain into the BTA. A further increase in the number of polar tetraEG chains attached to BTA core results in the complete loss of intermolecular hydrogen bond formation in the solid state and in solution. Moreover, for the polar BTAs 3–4, comprising 2 or 3 polar tetraEG chains, no self-assembly in water occurs because of the lack of hydrophobic shielding. We propose that tetraEG side chains interfere with the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, weakening the stacking behaviour of these asymmetric derivatives and drastically lowering the association constant due to competing intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. In contrast, one methoxyethyl unit does not affect the stability of the aggregation of BTAs (Kass = 3 × 107 M−1) showing that more than one EG unit is required to disrupt the self-assembly of BTAs.
Thermoreversible gel–sol behavior of biodegradable PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymer in aqueous solutions (2007)

A series of biodegradable PCL-PEG-PCL block copolymers were successfully synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone initiated by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and FTIR. Their aqueous solution displayed special gel-sol transition behavior with temperature increasing from 4 to 100 degrees C, when the polymer concentration was above corresponding critical gel concentration (CGC). The gel-sol phase diagram was recorded using test tube inverting method and DSC method, which depended not only on chemical composition of copolymers, but also on heating history of copolymer's aqueous solution. As a result, the gel-sol transition temperature could be adjusted, which might be very useful for its application in biomedical fields such as injectable drug delivery system. And the typical shell-core structure of PCL-PEG-PCL micelles was introduced. The micelle-packing and partial crystallization might be the key gelation machanism for this gel-sol transition behavior of PCL-PEG-PCL aqueous solution.
Yttrium doped phosphate-based glasses: structural and degradation analyses (2020)

Abstract This study investigates the role of yttrium in phosphate-based glasses in the system 45(P 2 O 5 )–25(CaO)– (30-x)(Na 2 O)–x(Y 2 O 3 ) (0≤x≤5) prepared via melt quenching and focuses on their structural characterisation and degradation properties. The structural analyses were performed using a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 31 P NMR analysis showed that depolymerisation of the phosphate network occurred which increased with Y 2 O 3 content as metaphosphate units (Q 2 ) decreased with subsequent increase in pyrophosphate species (Q 1 ). The NMR results correlated well with structural changes observed via FTIR and XPS analyses. XRD analysis of crystallised glass samples revealed the presence of calcium pyrophosphate (Ca 2 P 2 O 7 ) and sodium metaphosphate (NaPO 3 ) phases for all the glass formulations explored. Yttrium-containing phases were found for the formulations containing 3 and 5 mol% Y 2 O 3 . Degradation analyses performed in Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Milli-Q water revealed significantly reduced rates with addition of Y 2 O 3 content. This decrease was attributed to the formation of Y-O-P bonds where the octahedral structure of yttrium (YO 6 ) cross-linked phosphate chains, subsequently leading to an increase in chemical durability of the glasses. The ion release studies also showed good correlation with the degradation profiles.
Novel Testing Procedure for Assessment of Quality of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Binders (2013)

This paper presents an image-based testing system called the asphalt foam collapse test (AFCT) to measure parameters that indicate the quality of foamed warm mix asphalt (WMA) binders. The AFCT was used to measure and evaluate various potential quality indicators such as expansion ratio (ER), half-life (HL), and foam index (FI). In addition, this paper introduces a method to calculate the bubble size distribution (BSD) of the bubbles in the foamed WMA. The BSD is then used to introduce a new parameter called the surface area index (SAI) as an indicator of foamed binder quality. It was shown that the SAI is a strong candidate for evaluating foamed WMA binder for coating and workability. Furthermore, this paper presents the effect of water content and air nozzle pressure on the foam properties. The results revealed that the water content and air pressure have a significant influence on the ER, HL, FI, BSD, and SAI. The low water content and low pressure produced foams with smaller bubbles as compared to foams made with high water content and high pressure, which affected the aggregate coating.
Confirmation of the presence of a Cu(II)/topa quinone active site in the amine oxidase from fenugreek seedlings (1997)

Amine oxidase from etiolated seedlings of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum—graecum) has been isolated by a purification procedure involving three chromato—graphic steps. The homogeneous enzyme is of pink colour with a visible absorption maximum at 500 nm. The dimeric enzyme (2 × 75 kDa) is a slightly acidic protein (pl 6.8) containing 8% neutral sugars. N—ter—minal amino acid sequence of the enzyme shows a high degree of similarity to other plant and microbial copper—containing amine oxidases. The best substrates of the enzyme are aliphatic diamines and some polyamines, whereas inhibitors are substrate analogues, copper complexing agents, some alkaloids and several other compounds. Spectrophotometric titra—tions with phenylhydrazines demonstrated one reactive carbonyl group per subunit of the enzyme and redox—cyclic quinone staining after native electrophor—esis indicated the presence of a quinone cofactor. Differential pulse polarography showed the existence of a copper/quinone—containing active site. The resonance Raman spectroscopy and the pH—dependent shift of the absorption spectrum of the enzyme p—nitrophenylhydrazone confirm unambiguously the identity of the cofactor with topa quinone. EPR spectra of the enzyme are in accordance with those of tetragonal cupric complexes as known for other copper—containing amine oxidases. Besides the copper, Mn(II)ions were detected that partially occupy another metal site in the enzyme, but their catalytical importance is unlikely.
Loss of Gramicidin Biosynthesis in Gram-Positive Biocontrol Bacterium Aneurinibacillus migulanus (Takagi et al., 1993) Shida et al. 1996 Emend Heyndrickx et al., 1997 Nagano Impairs Its Biological Control Ability of Phytophthora (2022)

The soil-borne species Aneurinibacillus migulanus (A. migulanus) strains Nagano and NCTC 7096 were shown to be potent biocontrol agents active against several plant diseases in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Both strains produce the cyclic peptide gramicidin S (GS) that was described as the main weapon inhibiting some gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungus-like organisms along with the production of biosurfactant and hemolysis activities. However, the contribution of the cyclic peptide gramicidin S (GS) to the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus has never been studied experimentally. In this paper, using a mutant of the A. migulanus Nagano strain (E1 mutant) impaired in GS biosynthesis we evaluated the contribution of GS in the biocontrol potential of A. migulanus against Phytophthora spp. The two strains of A. migulanus, Nagano and NCTC 7096, were tested in a pilot study for the inhibition of the growth of 13 Phytophthora species in dual culture assays. A. migulanus Nagano was significantly more inhibitory than NCTC 7096 to all species. Additionally, using apple infection assays, P. rosacearum MKDF-148 and P. cryptogea E2 were shown to be the most aggressive on apple fruits displaying clear infection halos. Therefore, the three A. migulanus strains, Nagano, NCTC 7096, and E1, were used in apple infection experiments to check their effect on infection ability of these two Phytophthora species. Treatment with A. migulanus Nagano significantly reduced the severity of symptoms in apple fruits compared with NCTC 7096. A. migulanus E1 mutant showed total loss of biocontrol ability suggesting that GS is a major actor in the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus Nagano strain.
Albumin-dependent and independent mechanisms in the syndrome of kwashiorkor (2021)

Abstract The syndrome of kwashiorkor is a striking phenotype of childhood severe malnutrition (SM) comprising oedema, fatty liver, and skin and hair changes. Despite high fatality, the aetiology and pathophysiology of kwashiorkor remain enigmatic, including the role of serum albumin on oedema development. Here, we demonstrate that serum albumin is associated with the presence and severity of oedema among severely malnourished children. Further, in two independent cohorts of children in Malawi and Kenya, we show albumin-independent mechanisms are associated with oedema in SM, including oxidative stress and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Plasma concentrations of ECM-related proteins: lumican, podoplanin, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 were associated with kwashiorkor. We therefore conclude that the pathophysiology of kwashiorkor has both albumin-dependent and independent mechanisms. We discuss the ways in which albumin-independent mechanisms may explain the clinical features observed in kwashiorkor.
Characteristics of TiO2 films deposited by a reactive ionized cluster beam (1985)

Titanium oxides films of 150–400 nm thickness were deposited on glass and Si substrates by reactive ionized cluster beam deposition. Characteristics of films deposited at different deposition conditions of oxygen partial pressure, ionization current, and acceleration voltage have been examined. The films prepared at an oxygen pressure of 1–2×10−4 Torr showed stoichiometry of TiO2. The film is a mixture of anatase and rutile structures. By increasing the ionization current from 0 to 400 mA, the refractive index of the film could be increased from 2.0 to 2.6. By deposition at a high ionization current, the film showed rutile structure, whereas the anatase structure could be formed at a low ionization current. The optical absorption of the films is low when the films are deposited at a higher acceleration voltage.