gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded GaN Light-Emitting Diodes With Hybrid Tunnel Junction Layers (2015)

We report the fabrication of cascaded GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with previously reported p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> -GaN/i-InGaN/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> -GaN tunnel junction layers (TJLs) and with hybrid TJL. Compared with the conventional LED, it was found that we could enhance the output power by 35% and 80% from the LED with p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> -GaN/i-InGaN/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> -GaN TJL and the LED with hybrid TJL. It was also found that the TJ resistances were 6.05 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and 1.95 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Ω · m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the LED with p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> -GaN/i-InGaN/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> -GaN TJL and the LED with hybrid TJL, respectively. It was also found that the use of hybrid TJL could result in smaller efficiency droop. These improvements could all be attributed to the larger polarization charges induced at the AlGaN/InGaN interface which could enhance the tunneling current. Furthermore, it was found that the cascaded GaN LEDs with hybrid TJL were also reliable.
Fabrication of a Multi-Chip Module of 4H-SiC RESURF-Type JFETs (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Immunohistochemical expression of ARID1A in penile squamous cell carcinomas (2016)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: ARID1A, a member of the chromatin remodeling genes family, has been suggested as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gynecologic malignancies. However, its role in penile cancer has yet to be determined. This study assesses the immunohistochemical expression of ARID1A in invasive penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS: 112 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded penile SCC from Paraguay were used to build 4 tissue microarrays (TMA). Each tumor was sampled 3 12 times. Histologic subtyping and grading was done using recently published criteria (Hum Pathol 2012; 43:771). ARID1A expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit anti-ARID1A (BAF250A) antibody (HPA005456, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). An H score is calculated in each spot as the sum of expression intensity (0-3) X extent (0-100). Median H score per case was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Distribution of subtypes was as follows: usual SCC, 48 cases; warty-basaloid carcinoma, 25 cases; warty carcinoma, 16 cases; basaloid carcinoma, 11 cases; papillary carcinoma, 9 cases; and 1 case each of sarcomatoid, verrucous, and usual-verrucous (hybrid) carcinomas. Distribution of histologic grades vas as follows: grade 1, 5 cases; grade 2, 30 cases; grade 3, 77 cases. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was detected by PCR in 20 of 52 (38%) analyzed samples. ARID1A expression was observed in all cases, ranging from 3% to 100% of tumor cells (median, 95%). In 96 cases (86%) ARID1A expression was observed in 90% or more of tumor cells. ARID1A expression was not associated with histologic subtype (P 0.79) or HPV status (P 0.18). However, the Kruskal-Wallis test yielded a P 0.054 for the association between ARID1A and histologic grade. The Cuzick test showed that this trend was significant (P 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: ARID1A is expressed in penile SCC, in most cases at high levels. A significant trend was found between histologic grade and ARID1a expression, with higher ARID1A expression at higher histologic grades. The implications of our findings for penile cancer oncogenesis and prognosis merits further investigation.
Syllable-based speech recognition using EMG (2010)

This paper presents a silent-speech interface based on electromyographic (EMG) signals recorded in the facial muscles. The distinctive feature of this system is that it is based on the recognition of syllables instead of phonemes or words, which is a compromise between both approaches with advantages as (a) clear delimitation and identification inside a word, and (b) reduced set of classification groups. This system transforms the EMG signals into robust-in-time feature vectors and uses them to train a boosting classifier. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in three subjects, providing a mean classification rate of almost 70% (among 30 syllables).
Stereotaxic surgery in the treatment of multiple brain abscesses (1988)

Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment for patients with multiple brain abscesses. These lesions are often small and located deep in the brain and close to vital structures, making surgery difficult. With this in mind the authors review their experience in treating multiple abscesses using computerized tomography (CT)-guided stereotaxic aspiration. From 1983 to 1985, 15 patients were treated for multiple brain abscesses, of whom eight underwent stereotaxic aspiration. There were a total of 28 abscesses in these eight patients: 11 abscesses were aspirated and two excised using CT-guided techniques. Most were cortical in location, although there were 12 in the deep white matter, one in the thalamus, and two in the caudate nucleus. All patients received a total of 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Follow-up CT showed resolution of the abscesses in all patients. Currently, four are neurologically normal, one has a mild hemiparesis, one has a well-controlled seizure disorder, and one requires supportive care. A single death occurred 5 weeks postoperatively of unrelated causes. Location, size, and age of an abscess all have bearing upon the response to management and outcome of the patient. Stereotaxic surgery is a procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality. Stereotaxic aspiration should be considered in patients with small, multiple, or deep-seated abscesses, in those who are poor operative candidates, and in those who have failed prior therapy.
Condensation of 4-Isobutylacetophenone with Dichloroacetic Esters under Darzens Conditions (1976)

Journal Article Condensation of 4-Isobutylacetophenone with Dichloroacetic Esters under Darzens Conditions Get access Katsura Kogure, Katsura Kogure Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noriyoshi Sueda, Noriyoshi Sueda Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunio Nakagawa, Kunio Nakagawa Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideaki Fukawa Hideaki Fukawa Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 11, 1 November 1976, Pages 2301–2302, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862398 Published: 01 November 1976 Article history Received: 29 June 1976 Published: 01 November 1976
Dyspeptic symptoms and gastric emptying in the irritable bowel syndrome (2005)

Objective To evaluate gastric emptying of solids (GES) and its relationship with dyspeptic symptoms in IBS patients.Methods In 54 IBS patients,gastric emptying of solid food was examined by detecting the position of the markers at 6h after the standard test meal with radiopaque markers.Six dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.Results Overlapping dyspeptic symptoms were observed in 54% IBS patients.Total dyspeptic symptoms score were similar in C-IBS and D-IBS patients(P 0.05).The rate of delayed GES in C-IBS patients with dyspeptic symptoms was higher than that without dyspeptic symptoms (P0.05).The rate of delayed GES was similar in D-IBS patients with and without dyspeptic symptoms(P0.05).The rate of delayed GES in C-IBS patients was higher than that in D-IBS patients(P0.01).Conclusion Association exists probably in C-IBS patients between delayed GES and dyspeptic symptoms.No association exists in D-IBS patients between delayed GES and dyspeptic symptoms.
Probing a quantum field in a photon box (2005)

Einstein often performed thought experiments with 'photon boxes', storing fields for unlimited times. This is yet but a dream. We can nevertheless store quantum microwave fields in superconducting cavities for billions of periods. Using circular Rydberg atoms, it is possible to probe in a very detailed way the quantum state of these trapped fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamics tools can be used for a direct determination of the Husimi Q and Wigner quasi-probability distributions. They provide a very direct insight into the classical or non-classical nature of the field.
Communication and retrieval of ECG data: how many standards do we need? (2003)

The increasing efforts to establish an electronic health record and new requirements of the FDA for provision of original ECG data with clinical studies has re-vitalized the interest and work on communication of ECG raw data and of processing results. Despite the fact that many companies from the United States and from Europe had developed and agreed on the ECG Standard Communications Protocol SCP it was not widely used. In new Projects, like the German IMEX, the European OpenECG and within an IEEE1073/HL7 working group the whole communication path, available and future standards, considering new requirements from telemedicine, have been discussed. This paper gives an overview on the present state and on some necessary final developments.
Einführung (1984)

ZusammenfassungDie Hauptaufgabe des Immunsystems ist die Abwehr von Infektionen. Werden Babies mit einem Defekt in einem entscheidenden Teilbereich dieses Systems geboren, leiden sie fortwährend an Infektionen und sterben in vielen Fällen, wenn modernste medizinische Einrichtungen nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Niedriger entwickelte Tierarten besitzen sogenannte angeborene oder unspezifische Immunmechanismen, wie Phagozytose, die einen Schutz gegen infektiöse Keime bieten. Darüber hinaus haben höher entwickelte Tiere eine adaptive, d. h. erworbene Immunantwort im Laufe der Evolution entwickelt, die eine flexible, spezifische und wesentlich wirksamere Reaktion gegenüber verschiedenen Infektionen garantiert.
Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis of Interface Between Lead Frame and Molding Compound (2018)

Cyclic thermo-mechanical loading together with mismatch of elastic properties between the components can lead to fatigue crack growth at interfaces and finally to interfacial delamination, potentially resulting in malfunction of an integrated circuit (IC) at the end. This work aims for a methodology to characterize one of such interfaces. The overall intention is to integrate methods into virtually conducted DoEs (design-of-experiments) for the determination of most robust design of packages with respect to fatigue crack growth at lead frame molding compound interface. In this manner, a miniaturized sub-critical bending test (MSCB), first demonstrated by [1], was optimized and used to characterize the interface between lead frame (LF) and molding compound (MC). Interfacial fatigue crack growth was quantitatively determined on samples taken from production line. Experimental crack length is determined by compliance method and by help of finite element method. Finally, sub-critical strain energy release rate is determined by using numerical methods and then Paris-Erdogan curves at different temperatures are formed for the related interface. Later these sub-critical strain energy release rate values are used to forecast crack growth in IC Packages under temperature cycle tests in which initial crack is created by a separator.
Influence of inlaid material, yarn and knitted structure on the net buoyant force and mechanical properties of inlaid knitted fabric for buoyant swimwear (2021)

Buoyant swimwear is becoming more common in recreational swimming use, so the performance of buoyant fabric is important when designing functional swimwear. In this study, potential buoyant inlaid knitted fabrics for buoyant swimwear are investigated. Three types of knitted structures, half milano, full milano and 1 × 1 rib, are selected and various kinds of tubes and foam rods in different diameters are prepared for inlaying during the knitting process by using a 7 G hand-knitting machine. The mean differences among the levels of three independent variables, (1) inlaid material, (2) yarn and (3) knitted structure, on three dependent variables (net buoyant force, compression and tensile properties) are analyzed by using a multivariate analysis of variance. The result shows that the net buoyant force and mechanical properties of the fabric are significantly different due to the inlaid material and knitted structure, but not the yarn. The net buoyant force increases with fabric thickness and the outer diameter of the inlaid material. The inlaid fabrics are less compressible than the control fabric and show better recoverability with an increase in the diameter of the inlaid material. For the tensile properties, the inlaid material reinforces the fabric in both the wale and course directions, in which the stiffness in the course direction is significantly increased. The inlaid fabric is stronger and resistant to breakage in the course direction when the diameter of the inlaid material is increased. The findings of this study contribute to developments in the textile and sportswear industry.
Physical determinants of the distribution and abundance of the burrowing ocypodid crabParatylodiplax blephariskiosStebbing in the St. Lucia and Mhlathuze estuaries, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2000)

(2000). Physical determinants of the distribution and abundance of the burrowing ocypodid crab Paratylodiplax blephariskios Stebbing in the St. Lucia and Mhlathuze estuaries, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Aquatic Science: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 23-32.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Protects Ovarian Cancer Cells from Ferroptotic Cell Death (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Synergistic effect of SCD1 inhibitors and a ferroptosis inducer&lt;/p&gt;
Statistical fluctuations in multimode laser transients (1986)

A newly developed method has been used to characterize the fluctuations in a unidirectional ring laser with a small number of modes. The technique of first passage time (FPT) distributions has been used earlier to study quantum (additive) and pump (multiplicative) noise in single-mode dye ring lasers. 1 When applied to a two-mode laser, the FPT distributions may be double-peaked.
Design of linear-phase FIR filters using support vector regression approach (2003)

The design of linear-phase FIR filters is formulated within the support vector regression (SVR) framework. A simple design example shows that, for a given filter order, the proposed SVR technique yields slightly lower passband and stopband ripples than a minimax approach.
Grading and Staging of Bladder Carcinoma in Transurethral Resection Specimens (2000)

We compared the grading and staging of transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) and cystectomy specimens for 105 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma between 1980 and 1984. Of 105 patients, 96% underwent cystectomy within 100 days of TURB (median interval, 10 days). Grading was performed according to the 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology grading system and staging according to the 1997 TNM classification. Histologic grade was low-grade, 13; high-grade, 92 in TURB specimens; low-grade, 17; high-grade, 88 in cystectomy specimens. Pathologic stage was Ta, 15; T1, 55; and T2, 35 in TURB specimens; Ta, 5; T1, 19; T2, 19; T3, 46; and T4, 16 in cystectomy specimens. Histologic grade at TURB was associated with pathologic stage at cystectomy (P < .001). When all advanced-stage (muscle-invasive) carcinomas (pT2 or more) were considered together, 55 patients were understaged by TURB, 4 had higher stage in TURB than in cystectomy, and 46 were the same stage as by cystectomy. Forty-three of 55 patients with stage T1 carcinoma at TURB had advanced-stage carcinoma at cystectomy, including 34 who had extravesicular extension (pT3 or more). We found pathologic understanding by TURB occurs in a significant number of patients with bladder cancer; the newly proposed grading system predicted final pathologic stage.
Discovery of Collocation Patterns: from Visual Words to Visual Phrases (2007)

A visual word lexicon can be constructed by clustering primitive visual features, and a visual object can be described by a set of visual words. Such a "bag-of-words" representation has led to many significant results in various vision tasks including object recognition and categorization. However, in practice, the clustering of primitive visual features tends to result in synonymous visual words that over-represent visual patterns, as well as polysemous visual words that bring large uncertainties and ambiguities in the representation. This paper aims at generating a higher-level lexicon, i.e. visual phrase lexicon, where a visual phrase is a meaningful spatially co-occurrent pattern of visual words. This higher-level lexicon is much less ambiguous than the lower-level one. The contributions of this paper include: (1) a fast and principled solution to the discovery of significant spatial co-occurrent patterns using frequent itemset mining; (2) a pattern summarization method that deals with the compositional uncertainties in visual phrases; and (3) a top-down refinement scheme of the visual word lexicon by feeding back discovered phrases to tune the similarity measure through metric learning.
A Survey on Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in 5G: Architecture and System Model Perspectives (2018)

The increasing wireless data traffic demands have driven the need to explore suitable spectrum regions for meeting the projected requirements. In the light of this, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has received considerable attention from the research community. Typically, in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, mmWave massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) communications is realized by the hybrid transceivers which combine high dimensional analog phase shifters and power amplifiers with lower-dimensional digital signal processing units. This hybrid beamforming design reduces the cost and power consumption which is aligned with an energy-efficient design vision of 5G. In this paper, we track the progress in hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO communications in the context of system models of the hybrid transceivers' structures, the digital and analog beamforming matrices with the possible antenna configuration scenarios and the hybrid beamforming in heterogeneous wireless networks. We extend the scope of the discussion by including resource management issues in hybrid beamforming. We explore the suitability of hybrid beamforming methods, both, existing and proposed till first quarter of 2017, and identify the exciting future challenges in this domain.
Mechanism of conversion of iron(III) tetratolylporphyrin hydroxide to the corresponding .mu.-oxo-bridged dimer (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of conversion of iron(III) tetratolylporphyrin hydroxide to the corresponding .mu.-oxo-bridged dimerLee Fielding, Gareth R. Eaton, and Sandra S. EatonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 14, 2309–2312Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00208a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00208a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2-Thiabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dienes. 1. Aluminum chloride catalyzed thermal [2+2] cycloaddition of 2-butynedinitrile with alkyl-substituted thiophenes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Thiabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dienes. 1. Aluminum chloride catalyzed thermal [2+2] cycloaddition of 2-butynedinitrile with alkyl-substituted thiophenesRichard H. Hall, Herman J. Den Hertog Jr., and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 6, 967–971Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00345a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00345a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts