gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol is the most common cause of DRESS syndrome in Hungarian patients (2014)

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a heterogenous group of severe adverse reactions to medications. We have investigated the clinical and pathological features, and outcomes of DRESS presenting to our clinic from january 2002 to December 2012. Patients were selected as DRESS using the criteria of European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (RegiSCAR). There were 77 total cases (24 male and 53 female; age range: 19-88 years; mean age 67 years). The most common culprit drug was allopurinol, followed by carbamazepine, lamotrigine, clindamycin and strontium ranelate. Indications for allopurinol therapy in all cases were asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. The time period from using the culprit agent to onset of the drug reaction ranged from 6 to 90 days. with a mean time of 28.4 days. The longest latency period (43.5 days) was for strontium ranelate. Four distinct patterns of cutaneous involvement were identified: a morbilliform, maculopapular exanthema (48 cases), an exfoliative erythroderma (21 cases), an urticated papular exanthem (4 cases) and an erythema multiforme-like reaction (4 cases). Pathologic changes observed were erythema multiforme, superficial spongiotic dermatitis with eosinophilia and lichenoid dermatitis. Impairment of liver and renal functions and blood dyscrasia were frequent complications. Most patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids. The mortality rate was 5.2%. High eosinophil count, atypical lymphocytes were poor prognostic factors in our patients with DRESS. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention therapy are essential.
Applicability of Different Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Localization of CFTR in Sweat Glands from Healthy Controls and from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2000)

The hereditary disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Understanding of the consequences of CFTR gene mutations is derived chiefly from in vitro studies on heterologous cell cultures and on cells hyperexpressing CFTR. Data from ex vivo studies on human tissue are scarce and contradictory, a fact which is in part explained by secondary tissue destruction in most affected organs. The purpose of this study was to establish conditions under which wild-type and mutated CFTR can be studied in affected human tissue. Sweat glands carry the basic defect underlying CF and are not affected by tissue destruction and inflammation. Therefore, we used this tissue to test a panel of eight different CFTR antibodies under various fixation techniques. The antibodies were tested on skin biopsy sections from healthy controls, from CF patients homozygous for the most common mutation, DeltaF508, and from patients carrying two nonsense mutations. Of the eight CFTR antibodies, only three-M3A7, MATG 1104, and cc24-met the criteria necessary for immunolocalization of CFTR in sweat glands. The labeling pattern in the CF sweat glands was consistent with the postulated processing defect of DeltaF508 CFTR. The antibodies exhibited different sensitivities for detecting DeltaF508 CFTR.
Addressing Educational Needs in Spatial Data, Information Science, and Geomatics in the Civil Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum (2003)

The technology-driven, rapidly advancing field of spatial data and information science (SDIS) is an integral part of numerous engineering professions. Many college civil engineering programs are struggling to find ways to accommodate this subject in an already crowded undergraduate curriculum. There are several reasons that taking a course in SDIS is desirable for civil engineers entering today’s demanding job market. First, technologies related to surveying, spatial data, and information science are among the fastest developing in the industry, and there is significant demand for skills in the latest technology. Second, spatial data collection and analysis are essential to all civil engineering disciplines; thus, a fundamental understanding of data collection and analysis techniques is desirable. The transportation discipline of civil engineering may face the greatest need for professionals specializing in SDIS. Transportation planning, system design, facilities management, and transportation logistics rely heavily on SDIS technologies, including conventional surveying, geographic information systems, Global Positioning System, remote sensing, and digital terrain modeling. A description is given of a widely transferable and technically up-to-date course in geomatics that expands on traditional surveying by incorporating modern methods of spatial data collection, management, and analysis. Including a course on geomatics early in students’ undergraduate civil engineering curriculum may plant the seed for the development of future SDIS and SDIS for transportation professionals. Lessons learned in developing geomatics courses at Clemson University, Georgia Tech, and The Citadel are presented. Findings and recommendations are summarized with respect to broader application issues affecting the civil engineering curriculum.
Circulating Hormone Concentrations in Hypothyroid Rats with Induced Polycystic Ovaries (1991)

The induction of polycystic ovaries in hypothyroid rats by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been studied for many years. A complete understanding of this phenomenon requires information regarding the circulating levels of the hormones of the hypophyseal-gonadal axis. In this study, serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay at intervals during the 40-day period in which large ovarian cysts were induced in hypothyroid rats by daily injections of hCG. After 20 injections, ovaries increased in weight 10-fold, and well-developed ovarian cysts were present, accompanied by lutein tissue; cyst development continued for the subsequent 20 days of hCG. Both PRL and LH rose during the first 5 days of treatment and were maintained at high levels from day 20 on. The pattern of change of gonadal steroids showed greater increases with hCG in hypothyroid than in euthyroid rats. Levels of estradiol in hypothyroid, hCG-injected rats increased in parallel to ovarian hypertrophy, whereas progesterone was high in initial stages and then declined. Testosterone increased in both euthyroid and hypothyroid animals, with no clear pattern coincident with cyst formation. The data suggest that the formation of polycystic ovaries in the hypothyroid rat is associated with high levels of PRL and LH followed by elevations of estradiol, which may serve to maintain continuous PRL, as well as LH, stimulation of the ovary.
Detection of RNA modifications (2010)

RNA nucleotide modifications are typically of low abundance and frequently go unnoticed by standard detection methods of molecular biology and cell biology. With a burst of knowledge intruding from such diverse areas as genomics, structural biology, regulation of gene expression and immunology, it becomes increasingly clear that many exciting functions of nucleotide modifications remain to be explored. It follows in turn that the biology of nucleotide modification and editing is a field poised to rapidly gain importance in a variety of fields. The detection and analysis of nucleotide modifications present a clear limitation in this respect. Here, various methods for detection of nucleotide modifications are discussed based on three discriminating principles, namely physicochemical properties, enzymatic turnover and chemical reactivity. Because the full extent of nucleotide modification across the various RNA species remains ill understood, emphasis is placed on high-throughput techniques with a potential to screen entire transcriptomes.
Dehardening in flower buds of saskatoon-berry, Amelanchier alnifolia, in relation to temperature, moisture content, and spring bud development (1983)

Flower-bud dehardening of saskatoon-berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. ‘Smoky’ and ‘Pembina’) was studied under natural and controlled conditions. Flower buds were hardy to −45 °C until the middle of March, after which hardiness gradually declined to −12 °C by the beginning of May. Petal expansion was associated with a loss of hardiness, even though bud moisture content decreased slightly. Hardiness of unopened flower buds was closely correlated with bud moisture content (r = 0.94) and under outdoor conditions there was a significant positive correlation between cumulative degree days (base 0 °C) and bud moisture content. Imbibition in gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) increased water uptake and reduced hardiness of excised flower buds compared with imbibition in water. Treatments with abscisic acid and salicylic acid had no significant effect on hardening. Budbreak, in the postrest period, required only 73 degree day (base 2 °C) heat units. Low-temperature exotherms were not detected in intact flower buds but were present in hardy excised florets.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 22‐Oxa CD‐Ring Modified Analogues of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3: Spiro[5.5]undecane CF‐Ring Analogues. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High-Performance Beam-Plasma Neutron Sources for Fusion Materials Development (1990)

The design and performance of a relatively low-cost, plasma-based, 14-MeV deuterium-tritium neutron source for accelerated end-of-life testing of fusion reactor materials are described. An intense flux (up to 5 × 1018 n/m2·s) of 14-MeV neutrons is produced in a fully ionized high-density tritium target (ne ≍ 3 × 1021 m-3) by injecting a current of 150-keV deuterium atoms. The tritium plasma target and the energetic D + density produced by D0 injection are confined in a ≤0.16-m-diam column by a linear magnet set, which provides magnetic fields up to 12 T. Energy deposited by transverse injection of neutral beams at the midpoint of the column is transported along the plasma column to the end regions. Three variations of the neutron source design are discussed, differing in the method of control of the energy transport. Emphasis is on the design in which the target plasma density is maintained in a region where electron thermal conduction along the column is the controlling energy-loss process.
New advances in optical coherence tomography for diagnostics of cervical neoplasia (2003)

Diagnostic value of standard OCT for recognizing cervical neoplasia has been evaluated: sensitivity is 82%, specificity is 78%, and diagnostics accuracy is 81%. To increase it several approaches have been suggested: application of hyperosmotic agents, cross-polarization tomography, complementary use of fluorescence spectroscopy and OCT, additional computer processing of the OCT-images and optical coherence microscipy.
On a dark-field signal generated by micrometer-sized calcifications in phase-contrast mammography (2013)

We show that a distribution of micrometer-sized calcifications in the human breast which are not visible in clinical x-ray mammography at diagnostic dose levels can produce a significant dark-field signal in a grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging setup with a tungsten anode x-ray tube operated at 40 kVp. A breast specimen with invasive ductal carcinoma was investigated immediately after surgery by Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry with a design energy of 25 keV. The sample contained two tumors which were visible in ultrasound and contrast-agent enhanced MRI but invisible in clinical x-ray mammography, in specimen radiography and in the attenuation images obtained with the Talbot-Lau interferometer. One of the tumors produced significant dark-field contrast with an exposure of 0.85 mGy air-kerma. Staining of histological slices revealed sparsely distributed grains of calcium phosphate with sizes varying between 1 and 40 μm in the region of this tumor. By combining the histological investigations with an x-ray wave-field simulation we demonstrate that a corresponding distribution of grains of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxylapatite has the ability to produce a dark-field signal which would-to a substantial degree-explain the measured dark-field image. Thus we have found the appearance of new information (compared to attenuation and differential phase images) in the dark-field image. The second tumor in the same sample did not contain a significant fraction of these very fine calcification grains and was invisible in the dark-field image. We conclude that some tumors which are invisible in x-ray absorption mammography might be detected in the x-ray dark-field image at tolerable dose levels.
Fenofibrate: treatment of hyperlipidemia and beyond (2008)

Fenofibrate is a PPAR-alpha agonist indicated for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia, and is approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, lipid abnormalities commonly observed in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including Type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndromes. Treatment with fenofibrate lowers triglycerides, raises HDL-cholesterol and decreases concentrations of small LDL-cholesterol particles and apolipoprotein B. Fenofibrate is particularly effective for reducing postprandial VLDL and LDL particle concentrations, and the increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response that occurs after a fatty meal. In addition, nonlipid pleiotropic effects mediated by PPAR-alpha are likely to contribute to the reduction in atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular events, and have beneficial effects on diabetes-related microvascular diseases. While current approaches to treating dyslipidemia to prevent cardiovascular diseases focus on statin therapy, it is increasingly clear that substantial residual risk persists. The clinical significance of combination therapy with fenofibrate and a statin to macrovascular and microvascular risk is being evaluated in a large outcomes study.
Synergetic Control of Power Converters for Pulse Current Charging of Advanced Batteries From a Fuel Cell Power Source (2004)

This paper presents a synergetic controller for pulse current charging of advanced batteries from a fuel cell power source. Pulse current charging protocol that has been shown to have many advantages over the traditional constant current/constant voltage protocol is applied in a fuel cell powered battery-charging station to reduce the total charging time. Strong nonlinearity and dynamics exist in such systems. In this paper, the synergetic control approach is applied to regulate the buck converters that control the pulse charging currents to the many batteries. A practical synergetic controller to coordinate pulse current charging of the battery is synthesized and discussed. It provides asymptotic stability with respect to the required operating modes, invariance to load variations, and robustness to variation of the input and converter parameters. The synergetic controller is then implemented in Simulink. The dynamic characteristics of the synergetic controller are studied and compared with PI controller by conducting system simulation and experimental tests. Simulation and experiment results show the synergetic controller is robust for such nonlinear dynamic system and achieves better performance than the standard PI controller.
Highly Concentrated Cubic-Phase Emulsions: Basic Study on D-Phase Emulsification using Isotropic Gels. (2001)

In a hydrophilic octaethylene glycol dodecyl ether (C12EO8)-water system, a micellar cubic phase is formed below 20°C. Upon addition of decane, the maximum temperature of micellar cubic phase (I1) is increased, and, moreover, the hexagonal liquid crystal region changes to the I1 phase. Beyond the solubilization limit of decane in the I1 phase, highly viscous and gel-like O/I1-emulsions are formed in the two-phase region of I1+O. In the case of a surfactant mixture (C12EO4.8) containing C12EO8+C12EO3, a single I1 phase region is not present in a pseudo ternary phase diagram of water/C12EO4.8/decane system, but an I1+O region appears in the oil-rich region. C12EO4.8 forms lamellar liquid crystal in the aqueous system but C12EO3 in the mixture is dissolved in oil and the mixing fraction of C12EO8 in the surfactant aggregate increases as oil is added. Finally, a two-phase region of I1+O appears. It is considered that the O/I1-emulsion or gel based on the cubic phase corresponds to the gel appeared in the so-called D-phase emulsification process. Upon addition of alkyl polyol such as glycerol or 1,3-butanediol, the transparency of the emulsion in the I1+O region increases because the difference in refractive index between the cubic phase and excess oil is decreased. The maximum temperature of the I1 phase decreases with increasing polyol content. Consequently, the addition of alky polyols is not crucial to form O/I1 gels in an oil-rich region.
Digital SPV Diffusion Length Metrology (E8-Fe) for Ultra-High Purity Silicon Wafers (2008)

We discuss a new generation of SPV minority carrier diffusion length metrology with 10-fold improved precision that enables iron detection in silicon wafers in the E8 atom/cm3 range and the extraction of true steady state diffusion length, L0. This improvement is due to full digital control of redesigned hardware and the SPV measuring process. This digital SPV incorporates a novel multi-frequency approach that optimizes Fe detection and extraction of L0. The latter is supported by wafer back surface recombination velocity measurement incorporated in the SPV tool.
Simultaneous direct holographic fabrication of photonic cavity and graded photonic lattice with dual periodicity, dual basis, and dual symmetry (2017)

For the first time, to the authors' best knowledge, this paper demonstrates the digital, holographic fabrication of graded, super-basis photonic lattices with dual periodicity, dual basis, and dual symmetry. Pixel-by-pixel phase engineering of the laser beam generates the highest resolution in a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) for the direct imaging of graded photonic super-lattices. This technique grants flexibility in designing 2-D lattices with size-graded features, differing periodicities, and differing symmetries, as well as lattices having simultaneously two periodicities and two symmetries in high resolutions. By tuning the diffraction efficiency ratio from the SLM, photonic cavities can also be generated in the graded super-lattice simultaneously through a one-exposure process. A high quality factor of over 1.56 × 10<sup>6</sup> for a cavity mode in the graded photonic lattice with a large super-cell is predicted by simulations.
Emission Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas N2O from Sewage Sludge Incineration Process. (1998)

N2O is one of the important greenhouse gas, and it has been pointed out that its contribution to global warming will increase in the future. In the past, higher level concentration of N2O emission was reported for some sewage sludge incinerators than at other fixed emission sources including a solid waste incinerator. Therefore, we investigated the practical factors of N2O emission from the sewage sludge incineration originated from the difference of incinerator type and coagulant type used for dehydration. As a result, it was cleared that emitted amount of N2O is strongly depended on the incineration temperature and the coagulant type used for dehydration process. Amounts of N2O emitted from sewage sludge incineration in FY 1995 in Japan was estimated at 4030t on a nitrogen basis and thought to more increase to the future.
Endogenous Wnt Signaling Maintains Neural Progenitor Cell Potency (2009)

Wnt signaling regulates neural stem cell (NSC) function and development throughout an individual's lifetime. Intriguingly, adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs) produce several Wnts, and the intracellular machinery necessary to respond to them, creating the potential for an active autocrine-signaling loop within this stem cell niche. However, the standard luciferase-based Wnt assay failed to detect this signaling loop. This assay is inherently less temporally sensitive to activity among a population of unsynchronized proliferating cells because it relies on the rapidly degrading reporter luciferase. We circumvented this limitation using a promoter assay that employs green fluorescent protein (GFP), as a relatively long-lived reporter of canonical Wnt activity. We found that at baseline, AHPs secreted functional Wnt that self-stimulates low-level canonical Wnt signaling. Elimination baseline Wnt activity, via application of an extracellular Wnt antagonist promoted neurogenesis, based on a combination of unbiased gene expression analysis and cell-fate analysis. A detailed clonal analysis of progenitors transduced with specific intracellular antagonists of canonical signaling, either Axin or truncated cadherin (beta-catenin sequestering), revealed that loss of baseline signaling depletes the population of multipotent precursors, thereby driving an increasing fraction to assume a committed cell fate (i.e., unipotent progenitors). Similarly, baseline Wnt signaling repressed differentiation of human NSCs. Although the specific Wnts produced by neural precursors vary with age and between species, their effects remain remarkably consistent. In sum, this study establishes that autonomous Wnt signaling is a conserved feature of the neurogenic niche that preserves the delicate balance between NSC maintenance and differentiation.
Mechanical properties of substituted, rigid-rod aramids in the highly-ordered solid state (2000)

Fibers of 21 rigid-rod aromatic polyamides with different substitution patterns at their aromatic rings, produced by polycondensation of functionalized p-phenylenediamine and functionalized terephthaloyl dichloride and spun from nematic solutions as described in the accompanying paper (B. H. Glomm, M. C. Grob, P. Neuenschwander, and U. W. Suter, Macromol. Chem. Phys.), were characterized by the mechanical properties most relevant for compressive failure. In particular, the torsional moduli G0 and the axial compressive strength σC were determined for each fiber sample before and after employing a post-spinning heat treatment optimized to improve the degrees of orientation and the crystallinity of the fibers. The dependence of the measured values on the structural parameters of the respective polymers was studied, leading to the result that the volume of the side-chains of the studied aramids seems to influence the extent of the mechanical “anisotropy” of the fibers, probably through an effect on the interchain interactions. The relationship between the torsional modulus and the axial compressive strength was scrutinized in the light of the theoretical approach of DeTeresa, Allen, and Farris, and Allen, which suggests the existence of a proportionality between G0 and σC. In general, the results provided by our experiments are consist with this theoretical approach.
Multiple human tracking in RGB‐depth data: a survey (2016)

Multiple human tracking (MHT) is a fundamental task in many computer vision applications. Appearance‐based approaches, primarily formulated on RGB data, are constrained and affected by problems arising from occlusions and/or illumination variations. In recent years, the arrival of cheap RGB‐depth devices has led to many new approaches to MHT, and many of these integrate colour and depth cues to improve each and every stage of the process. In this survey, the authors present the common processing pipeline of these methods and review their methodology based (a) on how they implement this pipeline and (b) on what role depth plays within each stage of it. They identify and introduce existing, publicly available, benchmark datasets and software resources that fuse colour and depth data for MHT. Finally, they present a brief comparative evaluation of the performance of those works that have applied their methods to these datasets.