gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of the cat flea ( Ctenocephalides felis felis ) on the ferret ( Mustela putorius furo ) and its control with imidacloprid (2001)

As the ferret, Mustela putorius furo L. (Carnivora: Mustelidae), is becoming increasingly popular as a pet animal and as it is susceptible to the cat-flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouché (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), an experimental model was established for evaluating insecticidal treatments on this host. A high establishment rate (76.7-91.8%) was recorded when 60 unfed adult C. felis were placed on ferrets. This provided an adequate infestation for chemotherapeutic evaluation without causing undue discomfort to the host. Twelve ferrets were allocated to two groups matched for sex and individual ability to sustain a flea population. One group was treated topically with an imidacloprid spot-on formulation at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body-weight on Day 0. All ferrets were infested with C. felis on Days -1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, and flea counts were performed 8 and 24 h post-treatment and one day after each subsequent infestation. Fleas were removed at all but the 8 h count (when they were returned to their host). Flea burdens were reduced by 95.3% (P < 0.001) within 8 h of treatment and 100% efficacy was recorded at 24 h. At 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks post-treatment, protection against re-infestation was 92.9% (P < 0.001), 55.7% (P < 0.02), 18.3% (NS) and 7.4% (NS), respectively. Thus, at this dose rate, imidacloprid gave excellent efficacy against a resident C. felis population and provided a high level of residual activity for at least one week after treatment.
Effect of Light on Growth and Metabolite Synthesis in Candida Albicans (1979)

SUMMARYThe responses of four strains of Candida albicans to light radiation were studied. Various wavelengths of light influenced germ-tube formation, chlamydospore production, proteolytic activity, cell growth, and protein and carbohydrate synthesis. Changes in these characteristics were dependent upon the particular light and the strain of organism used. Light induced changes in morphology in all strains, however, viability was not affected. Black UV inhibited cell growth in all strains. Generally, carbohydrate synthesis was stimulated by light and protein synthesis was inhibited with blue being the effective spectral region.
Amino acid sequence and properties of vasopressin‐associated elephant neurophysin (1994)

The primary structure of an elephant neurophysin, homologous to vasopressin-associated neurophysins, is reported. The protein contains a Tyr for Asn substitution at position 75, a position in direct contact with residues 77 and 78 of the monomer-monomer interface. This Tyr residue therefore serves as a potential reporter of the path involved in the long-range linkage between peptide binding and dimerization in this system. NMR studies of the protein in unliganded and liganded states demonstrated normal dimerization properties and the expected increase in dimerization associated with binding peptide. In keeping with an elevated pKa of 11.1 assigned to Tyr-75 by UV spectrophotometric titration, the NMR signals from the 3,5 and 2,6 ring protons of Tyr-75 were shifted 0.3 and 0.2 ppm upfield, respectively, relative to their positions in small peptides, indicating significant shielding and/or hydrogen bonding. The Tyr-75 ring proton signals narrowed slightly, with no discernible change in chemical shift, on conversion from dimer to monomer in the unliganded state. Ring protons of Tyr-49, distant from the monomer-monomer interface, but adjacent to the peptide-binding site, were markedly perturbed by dimerization, in accord with their behavior in bovine neurophysins. The results suggest that the secondary and tertiary structure of the region 75-78 is largely unchanged by dimerization, and argue against an important role for this region in dimerization-mediated conformational changes that alter the binding site in the unliganded state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automatic 3D inspection metrology for high-temperature objects (2017)

3D Visual Inspection for high-temperature objects has attracted more and more attention in the industrial and manufacture field. Until now it is still difficult to measure the shape of high-temperature objects due to the following problems: 1) the radiation and heat transfer through the air seriously affect both human and measurement equipment, so the manual measurement is not capable in this situation. 2) Because of the difficulties to handle the surfaces of the hot objects, it is hard to use artificial markers to align different pieces of data. In order to solve these problems, an automatic 3D shape measurement system for high-temperature objects is proposed by combing an industrial robot with a structured blue light 3D scanner. In this system, the route for inspection is planned with the cooled object and then executed automatically with the same object in hot state to avoid artificial operations. The route is carefully planned to reduce the exposure time of the measurement equipment under the high-temperature situation. Then different pieces of data are premapped during the planning procedure. In the executing procedure, they can be aligned accurately thanks to the good repeatability of the industrial robot. Finally, different pieces of data are merged without artificial markers and the results are better than methods with traditional hand-eye calibration. Experiments verify that the proposed system can conduct the inspection of forging parts under the temperature of 900&deg;C and the alignment precision is 0.0013rad and 0.28mm.
The zeolate ligand: From hydrolysis to capped semiconductor nanoclusters (1994)

Visualizing the void spaces in zeolites as multidentate multisite macroligands , termed “zeolate ligands”, can lead to new insights. This concept is introduced, the structure, bonding, and reactivity patterns of the zeolate ligand are described and set in the context of the different approaches used to synthesize “capped” nanometer‐dimension semiconductor materials. Finally, the process of depositing epitaxial layers of a II–VI semiconductor on a planar substrate is compared with the intrazeolite topotactic procedure of assembling a II–VI semiconductor nanocluster lattice on the curved internal surface of a zeolite.
BioSimulators: a central registry of simulation engines and services for\n recommending specific tools (2022)

Computational models have great potential to accelerate bioscience,\nbioengineering, and medicine. However, it remains challenging to reproduce and\nreuse simulations, in part, because the numerous formats and methods for\nsimulating various subsystems and scales remain siloed by different software\ntools. For example, each tool must be executed through a distinct interface. To\nhelp investigators find and use simulation tools, we developed BioSimulators\n(https://biosimulators.org), a central registry of the capabilities of\nsimulation tools and consistent Python, command-line, and containerized\ninterfaces to each version of each tool. The foundation of BioSimulators is\nstandards, such as CellML, SBML, SED-ML, and the COMBINE archive format, and\nvalidation tools for simulation projects and simulation tools that ensure these\nstandards are used consistently. To help modelers find tools for particular\nprojects, we have also used the registry to develop recommendation services. We\nanticipate that BioSimulators will help modelers exchange, reproduce, and\ncombine simulations.\n
Constructions for perfect 2-burst-correcting codes (2001)

In this correspondence, we present two constructions. In the first construction, we show how to generate perfect linear codes of length 2/sup r-1/, r/spl ges/5, and redundancy r, which correct a single burst of length 2. In the second construction, we show how to generate perfect linear codes organized in bytes of length 2/sup r-1/, r/spl ges/5, with redundancy divisible by r, which correct a single burst of length 2 within the bytes.
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Silicon Substrate With 206-GHz $F_{ \rm MAX}$ (2012)

This letter reports on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on high-resistive silicon substrate with a record maximum oscillation cutoff frequency <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> . Double-T-shaped gates are associated with an optimized technology to enable high-efficiency 2-D electron gas control while mitigating the parasitic resistances. Good results ogate-length HEMTf <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> = 206 GHz and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FT</i> = 100 GHz are obtained for a 90-nm gate-length HEMT with 0.25-μm source-to-gate spacing. The associated peak extrinsic transconductance value is as high as 440 mS·mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . To the authors' knowledge, the obtained <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gm</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ext</sub> are the highest reported values for GaN HEMTs technology on silicon substrate. The accuracy of the cutoff frequency values is checked by small-signal modeling based on extracted S-parameters.
Phase (Ph) I/II study of investigational Aurora A kinase (AAK) inhibitor MLN8237 (alisertib): Updated ph II results in patients (pts) with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-SCLC (NSCLC), breast cancer (BrC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and gastroesophageal cancer (GE). (2013)

605 Background: MLN8237 is an investigational oral AAK inhibitor being evaluated in pts with hematologic (Ph III) and non-hematologic malignancies. We report here Ph II results from a, 5-arm study of single agent MLN8237 in pts with advanced, predominantly refractory, solid tumors (NCT01045421; closed for enrolment). Methods: Pts ≥18 years with relapsed/refractory disease measurable by RECIST, ECOG PS 0–1, and ≤2 prior (≤4 for BrC pts) cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens were enrolled. Pts with stable brain metastases were eligible. Pts were treated at the recommended Ph II dose; 50 mg BID for 7 d in 21-d cycles. For each cohort, a Simon’s 2-stage design was employed for Ph II, with ≥2 responses required in the first 20 response-evaluable pts to proceed to stage 2. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1; safety and progression-free survival (PFS) were key secondary endpoints. Results: As of Dec 2012, 47 SCLC, 23 NSCLC, 49 BrC, 45 HNSCC and 47 GE pts in Ph II were response-evaluable (median age, 61 yrs [range 30–88]). NSCLC did not proceed to stage 2. ORR was 9%, 6%, and 4% in HNSCC, GE, and NSCLC pts, respectively; median PFS was 2.7, 1.5 and 3.1 months. BrC and SCLC data are shown in the Table. 92% of pts had a drug-related adverse event (DRAE). 57% of pts had Gr ≥3 DRAEs; including neutropenia (38%), anemia (10%), stomatitis (8%), and thrombocytopenia (6%). 22 pts died during the study; none were study-drug related. Conclusions: Single-agent activity of MLN8237 was evaluated across a range of solid tumors with a manageable toxicity profile. Encouraging Ph2 data in BrC and SCLC pts suggest that MLN8237 warrants further evaluation in these tumor types. Clinical trial information: NCT01045421. [Table: see text]
Prepare Cells to Repair the Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Heart Failure (2007)

Heart failure is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases, with high mortality, and invasive treatment such as mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation is sometimes required for severe heart failure. Therefore, the development of less invasive and more effective therapeutic strategies is desired. Cell therapy is attracting growing interest as a new approach for the treatment of heart failure. As a cell source, various kinds of stem/progenitor cells such as bone marrow cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cardiac stem cells have been investigated for their efficacy and safety. Especially, bone marrow-derived MSC possess multipotency and can be easily expanded in culture, and are thus an attractive therapeutic tool for heart failure. Recent studies have revealed the underlying mechanisms of MSC in cardiac repair: MSC not only differentiate into specific cell types such as cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells, but also secrete a variety of paracrine angiogenic and cytoprotective factors. It has also been suggested that endogenous MSC as well as exogenously transplanted MSC migrate and participate in cardiac repair. Based on these findings, several clinical trials have just been started to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSC for the treatment of heart failure.
CGG repeat DNA assisted dimerization of CGG/CGG binding molecule through intermolecular disulfide formation (2018)

A new DNA binding small molecule, NCD-CC is reported. NCD-CC has a NCD domain, which recognizes the G-G mismatch in a CGG/CGG triad, and a cysteinylcystein (CC) moiety. Dimerization of NCD-CC through intermolecular disulfide bond formation was accelerated in the presence of CGG repeat DNA.
Volume—Outcome Relationship in Surgical Urology: Myth or Reality? (2008)

There has been much interest in the volume—outcome relationship within surgical specialities and the potential impact on service reconfiguration. Recent research has raised questions about the validity of the methodology used in existing volume—outcome studies. This review explores a methodological framework for assessing the volume—outcome relationship and discusses limitations of previous research. In particular reference is made to the existing urological literature in this field. Areas for improvement and the potential for future research are considered.
Performance of FDE Using Frequency Domain Despreading and Averaging of Cyclic-Shifted CDM Based Pilot Signals for Single-Carrier LOS-MIMO (2021)

This paper presents the bit error rate (BER) performance of frequency domain equalization (FDE) using cyclic-shifted code division multiplexing (CDM) pilot signals for single-carrier line-of-sight (LOS) - multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing. We propose applying different cyclic-shift resources of the same Zadoff-Chu sequence to transmission-stream-specific pilot signals that are essential for estimating the channel response for FDE and phase noise in LOS-MIMO. To validate the effectiveness of the cyclic-shifted pilot multiplexing, we use partial low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding with double Gray mapping and collaborative decoding. Simulations show that pilot signal multiplexing using a cyclic-shifted Zadoff-Chu sequence, and frequency domain averaging of the estimated channel response are effective in achieving accurate channel estimation for single-carrier LOS-MIMO. We also show that the required received signal-to-noise power ratio at the BER of 10-7 using partial LDPC coding is decreased by more than 6.6dB compared to that without LDPC coding even for the deep notch depth of -20dB regardless of the relationship between the notch frequencies in the direct and cross links for 2×2 LOS-MIMO in a Rummler fading channel. Therefore, we conclude that the CDM-based pilot signal multiplexing with different cyclic shifts is effective in accurately estimating the channel response specific to the combination sets of transmitter and receiver antennas and in achieving a low pilot-overhead loss for single-carrier LOS-MIMO.
Measurements of Rotordynamic Response and Temperatures in a Rotor Supported on Metal Mesh Foil Bearings (2013)

Gas bearings in power generation microturbomachinery (MTM) and for automotive turbocharger applications must demonstrate adequate thermal management without performance degradation while operating in a harsh environment. The paper presents rotor surface temperatures and rotordynamic measurements of a rigid rotor supported on a pair of metal mesh foil bearings (MMFBs) (L = 38.1 mm, D = 36.6 mm). In the tests, to a maximum rotor speed of 50 krpm, an electric cartridge heats the hollow rotor over several hours while a steady inlet air flow rate at ∼ 160 L/min cools the bearings. In the tests with the heater set to a high temperature (max. 200 °C), the rotor and bearing OD temperatures increase by 70°C and 25°C, respectively. Most rotor dynamic responses do not show a marked difference for operation under cold (ambient temperature) or hot rotor conditions. A linear rotordynamics structural model with predicted MMFB force coefficients delivers rotor response amplitudes in agreement with the measured ones for operation with the rotor at ambient temperature. There are marked differences in the peak amplitudes when the rotor crosses its (rigid body) critical speeds. The test bearings provide lesser damping than predictions otherwise indicate. Waterfalls of rotor motion show no sub synchronous whirl frequency motions; the rotor-bearing system being stable for all operating conditions. The measurements demonstrate that MMFBs can survive operation with severe thermal gradients, radial and axial, and with little rotordynamic performance changes when the rotor is either cold or hot. The experimental results, accompanied by acceptable predictions of the bearings dynamic forced performance, promote further MMFBs as an inexpensive reliable technology for MTM.
Computational Modeling of Glucose Transport in Pancreatic β-Cells Identifies Metabolic Thresholds and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes (2012)

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a diagnostic criterion of Type 2 diabetes and includes defects in glucose transport and insulin secretion. In healthy individuals, β-cells maintain plasma glucose concentrations within a narrow range in concert with insulin action among multiple tissues. Postprandial elevations in blood glucose facilitate glucose uptake into β-cells by diffusion through glucose transporters residing at the plasma membrane. Glucose transport is essential for glycolysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In human Type 2 diabetes and in the mouse model of obesity-associated diabetes, a marked deficiency of β-cell glucose transporters and glucose uptake occurs with the loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Recent studies have shown that the preservation of glucose transport in β-cells maintains normal insulin secretion and blocks the development of obesity-associated diabetes. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we have constructed a computational model of human β-cell glucose transport in health and in Type 2 diabetes, and present a systems analysis based on experimental results from human and animal studies. Our findings identify a metabolic threshold or "tipping point" whereby diminished glucose transport across the plasma membrane of β-cells limits intracellular glucose-6-phosphate production by glucokinase. This metabolic threshold is crossed in Type 2 diabetes and results in β-cell dysfunction including the loss of glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Our model further discriminates among molecular control points in this pathway wherein maximal therapeutic intervention is achieved.
Tolerance Intervals for the Distribution of True Values in the Presence of Measurement Errors (1994)

A tolerance-interval procedure for the distribution N(θ, σ2 1 – σ2 2) is derived based on the mutually independent statistics , S 2 1, and S 2 2, which are distributed as follows: has a normal distribution with mean θ and variance σ2 1/n, n 1 S 2 1/σ2 1 is chi-squared with n 1, df, and n 2 S 2 1/σ2 2 is chi-squared with n 2, df. Application to the construction of tolerance intervals for the distribution of true values when observations are contaminated with measurement errors is explained. This includes the problem of constructing tolerance intervals in some growth-curve models. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the procedures.
Amplifier for energy harvesting: Low voltage, ultra low current, rail-to-rail input-output, high speed (2016)

An ultra low current and low voltage rail-to-rail input-output class AB amplifier is presented that is based on standard 0.18 micron digital CMOS. Operating under the subthreshold region, the amplifier is capable of running at high speeds, with a supply voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ) as low as ∼ 0.6V. The main contributions of this work are: First, a primarily current-mode rail-to-rail output stage is presented that employs Minimum Current Selectors (MCS) which monitor the sink-source currents of the output buffer transistors. Concurrently, Current Feedback Amplifiers (CFA) composed of Inverting Current Mirrors (ICM) regulate the minimum stand-by currents for either the non-sinking or non-sourcing output transistors, while allowing maximum currents to run through the sinking or sourcing transistors. As such, the output stage, in its basic configuration, can deliver a wide dynamic range at high speeds with V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> as low as ∼ V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</inf> +2V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> . Second, a Floating Current Source (FCS) is utilized in the main amplifier that can also operate with V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> as low as ∼ V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</inf> +2V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> . Montecarlo (MC) and worst case (WC) simulation show the following specifications are achievable: V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> minimum ∼ 0.6v; I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ∼ 330nA; Input range rail-to-rail; offset voltage ∼ 6mV; Output range ∼ 25mV from the rails; open loop gain (Av) ∼ 78dB with unity gain frequency (fu) ∼ 1MHz and phase margin (PM) ∼ 40 degrees; power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) ∼ −83dB; common mode rejection ration (CMRR) ∼ −98dB; Slew rate (SR) ∼ 2V/us; Settling time (ts) ∼ 3uS to ∼ 2mV; rail-to-rail output voltage swing with R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</inf> ∼ 5K ohms, and size ∼ 120um/side.