gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Levels of a Minor Glycoform of Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid (2001)

With the advent of effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, accurate diagnosis will become increasingly important. To date, clinical diagnosis based on neuropsychological assessment is time consuming and often inaccurate. A number of studies have shown that certain cerebrospinal fluid proteins are altered in Alzheimer's disease. There is a need to identify new biomarkers which can be used alone or in combination with other biomarkers such as β-Amyloid42 and tau to increase confidence in clinical diagnosis.
Shared Content Management in Replicated Web Systems: A Design Framework Using Problem Decomposition, Controlled Simulation, and Feedback Learning (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Replication is one of the primary techniques used to improve the quality of distributed content service. It generally reduces user latencies and increases a site's availability. However, to our knowledge, there is no systematic framework that combines the structure of both content and service components of a Web application to design effective replica hosting architectures. Recent advances in interconnected and multiple content distribution network (CDN) architectures render this problem even more complex. In this study, we develop a systematic framework for designing and evaluating large-scale, component-based replication architectures for Web systems that are driven by both the quality and effectiveness of service provisioning on the service network. The proposed framework employs a combination of problem decomposition, configuration evaluation through controlled system simulations, and a neural-network-based feedback learning mechanism in the exploration of the design space. A case study demonstrates the viability of the framework. The framework can be an effective decision support tool for a system designer to systematically explore design options and select an appropriate design configuration that best meets the desired design objectives. </para>
Enhanced Neurite Outgrowth of Human Model (NT2) Neurons by Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Rho/ROCK Signaling (2015)

Axonal injury in the adult human central nervous system often results in loss of sensation and motor functions. Promoting regeneration of severed axons requires the inactivation of growth inhibitory influences from the tissue environment and stimulation of the neuron intrinsic growth potential. Especially glial cell derived factors, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, Nogo-A, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and myelin in general, prevent axon regeneration. Most of the glial growth inhibiting factors converge onto the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in neurons. Although conditions in the injured nervous system are clearly different from those during neurite outgrowth in vitro, here we use a chemical approach to manipulate Rho/ROCK signalling with small-molecule agents to encourage neurite outgrowth in cell culture. The development of therapeutic treatments requires drug testing not only on neurons of experimental animals, but also on human neurons. Using human NT2 model neurons, we demonstrate that the pain reliever Ibuprofen decreases RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A GTPase) activation and promotes neurite growth. Inhibition of the downstream effector Rho kinase by the drug Y-27632 results in a strong increase in neurite outgrowth. Conversely, activation of the Rho pathway by lysophosphatidic acid results in growth cone collapse and eventually to neurite retraction. Finally, we show that blocking of Rho kinase, but not RhoA results in an increase in neurons bearing neurites. Due to its anti-inflammatory and neurite growth promoting action, the use of a pharmacological treatment of damaged neural tissue with Ibuprofen should be explored.
Phase conjugate master oscillator-power amplifier using BaTiO3 and AlGaAs semiconductor diode lasers (1987)

A double pass phase conjugate master oscillator-power amplifier has been demonstrated at 820 nm using AlGaAs gain elements and BaTiO3 in a self-pumped ring configuration. Single frequency operation with diffraction-limited output beam quality was achieved at output powers in excess of 50 mW cw.
High Correlation of the Response of Upper and Lower Lobe Small Airway Epithelium to Smoking (2013)

The distribution of lung disease induced by inhaled cigarette smoke is complex, depending on many factors. With the knowledge that the small airway epithelium (SAE) is the earliest site of smoking-induced lung disease, and that the SAE gene expression is likely sensitive to inhaled cigarette smoke, we compared upper vs. lower lobe gene expression in the SAE within the same cigarette smokers to determine if the gene expression patterns were similar or different. Active smokers (n = 11) with early evidence of smoking-induced lung disease (normal spirometry but low diffusing capacity) underwent bronchoscopy and brushing of the upper and lower lobe SAE in order to compare upper vs lower lobe genome-wide and smoking-responsive gene expression by microarray. Cluster and principal component analysis demonstrated that, for each individual, the expression of the known SAE smoking-responsive genes were highly correlated in upper and lower lobe pairs, although, as expected, there were differences in the smoking-induced changes in gene expression from individual to individual. These observations support the concept that the heterogeneity observed among smokers in the anatomic distribution of smoking-induced disease are not secondary to the topographic differences in the effects of cigarette smoke on the airway epithelium.
Sequence Homology within Families of Drosophila melanogaster Middle Repetitive DNA (1978)

A large fraction of the DNA in higher organisms is repeated 10–100,000 times per nucleus. Although the function of this middle repetitive DNA is unknown, there have been proposals that it allows complex patterns of gene expression (reviewed in Davidson and Britten 1973), chromosome rearrangements (Lee 1975), or specific chromosomal associations such as ectopic pairing (Finnegan et al.; Rubin; both this volume). All of these proposals require that homologous repeats have an identical function so that, for example, the repeats of one sequence may all be recognized and bound by the same repressor protein. If two repeats have such an identical function, then there must be a limit to the difference between their base sequences. Thus the evidence that middle repetitive DNA of many organisms has a broad range of sequence homology (Britten and Davidson 1971; Davidson and Britten 1973) is significant for these proposals because it suggests either that...
Identifying Plasma and Urinary Biomarkers of Fermented Food Intake and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Health in a Dutch Observational Cohort (2023)

Identification of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) for fermented foods could help improve their dietary assessment and clarify their associations with cardiometabolic health. We aimed to identify novel FIBs for fermented foods in the plasma and urine metabolomes of 246 free-living Dutch adults using nontargeted LC-MS and GC-MS. Furthermore, associations between identified metabolites and several cardiometabolic risk factors were explored. In total, 37 metabolites were identified corresponding to the intakes of coffee, wine, and beer (none were identified for cocoa, bread, cheese, or yoghurt intake). While some of these metabolites appeared to originate from raw food (<i>e.g.</i>, niacin and trigonelline for coffee), others overlapped different fermented foods (<i>e.g.</i>, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid for both wine and beer). In addition, several fermentation-dependent metabolites were identified (erythritol and citramalate). Associations between these identified metabolites with cardiometabolic parameters were weak and inconclusive. Further evaluation is warranted to confirm their relationships with cardiometabolic disease risk.
P1‐071: ESTIMANDS IN PRECLINICAL AD: CASE STUDY IN THE GENERATION PROGRAM (2018)

Up until recently, randomized trials were designed without thorough consideration of potential confounding factors post-randomization. Hence, the occurrence of certain events may complicate the description and interpretation of treatment effect estimates. The draft ICH E9 (R1) addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials released August 2017 by the European Medicine Agency provides a framework to link trial objectives to a suitable trial design and tools for estimation and hypothesis testing in case of occurrence of such intercurrent events (IE). The Generation Program comprises two pivotal phase II/III studies with similar designs to assess the efficacy and safety of the BACE1 inhibitor CNP520 in a cognitively unimpaired population at increased risk for developing symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A dual primary endpoint approach is implemented with two complementary outcomes of different nature: change in the cognitive composite APCC, and time to first diagnosis of MCI or dementia due to AD. Due to the characteristics of the population, the expected slow cognitive decline and low event rate, long study duration is needed to meet the study objectives. As a consequence, the estimands need to address a large number of major post-randomization events and call for consideration of alternatives to the canonical treatment policy strategy. The estimand framework described in the draft ICH E9 (R1) Addendum has been applied to this case study, tailored to AD and the prevention setting with long treatment duration. We identified a comprehensive list of potential IE, together with detailed investigations of the impact of missing data due to these IE. An appropriate estimand strategy was selected for each type of IE relative to the primary objectives as well as a rationale supporting the selection, especially in cases where a strategy differs from treatment policy. Sensitivity analyses for primary as well as supportive estimands have also been identified. We illustrate the concept and usefulness of estimands tailored to the specific needs of the AD prevention setting, in the context of the Generation Program. The proposed estimands will allow a more accurate and reliable assessment of the treatment effect of interest.
Efficient Implementation of Robust CUSUM Algorithm to Characterize Nanogaps Measurements with Heavy-Tailed Noise (2023)

Detection of bio-molecules through quantum tunneling currents could lead to the next-generation DNA sequencing methods. In order to analyze the stability of these sensitive devices, it is necessary to characterize their conductance switching statistics. This characterization can be realized by denoising the tunneling current signal and clustering the outcomes. The first step can be done with the CUSUM algorithm, which detects abrupt changes and has been used in similar devices. We found heavy-tailed non-Gaussian noise in the measurement setup of the experimental devices. This paper suggests an approximation in the likelihood ratio step of the CUSUM algorithm that is more robust than the simple Gaussian noise assumption and, at the same time, is computationally more efficient than computing the fitted true likelihoods.
THE DETECTION OF A SN IIn IN OPTICAL FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF ICECUBE NEUTRINO EVENTS (2015)

The IceCube neutrino observatory pursues a follow-up program selecting interesting neutrino events in real-time and issuing alerts for electromagnetic follow-up observations. In 2012 March, the most significant neutrino alert during the first three years of operation was issued by IceCube. In the follow-up observations performed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), a Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) PTF12csy was found 0.°2 away from the neutrino alert direction, with an error radius of 0.°54. It has a redshift of z = 0.0684, corresponding to a luminosity distance of about 300 Mpc and the Pan-STARRS1 survey shows that its explosion time was at least 158 days (in host galaxy rest frame) before the neutrino alert, so that a causal connection is unlikely. The a posteriori significance of the chance detection of both the neutrinos and the SN at any epoch is 2.2σ within IceCube's 2011/12 data acquisition season. Also, a complementary neutrino analysis reveals no long-term signal over the course of one year. Therefore, we consider the SN detection coincidental and the neutrinos uncorrelated to the SN. However, the SN is unusual and interesting by itself: it is luminous and energetic, bearing strong resemblance to the SN IIn 2010jl, and shows signs of interaction of the SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. High-energy neutrino emission is expected in models of diffusive shock acceleration, but at a low, non-detectable level for this specific SN. In this paper, we describe the SN PTF12csy and present both the neutrino and electromagnetic data, as well as their analysis. © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Free Convection in a Discretely Heated Vertical Enclosure: Effects of Prandtl Number and Cavity Size (1990)

Natural convection in a discretely heated vertical cavity by three uniform flux heat sources on one side wall is experimentally and numerically investigated. The other vertical wall is considered to be isothermally cooled and the ends are adiabatic. The flow visualization pictures for the ethylene glycol-filled cavity reveal a multicellular flow pattern consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary flows. The growth of these secondary and tertiary cells with Rayleigh number and aspect ratio is well-demonstrated by the numerical results for Prandtl number of 25. Although the flow structure varies significantly when the Prandtl number is reduced from 25 to 1, the variation is negligible for an increase in Pr from 25 (dielectric liquid) to 166. The numerically obtained temperature fields indicate that the temperature of the heated sections are strongly influenced by the thermal stratification and the flow pattern in the cavity. Numerical predictions are in excellent agreement with the flow visualization pictures and the measured heat transfer coefficients. The effect of aspect ratio on Nusselt number is minimal in the case of tall cavities, A ≥3. Bounds for minimum and maximum temperatures are discussed and several Nusselt number correlations are presented.
Letters. Errata for Critical Review (v. 21 p 722-36) "Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds" (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLetters. Errata for Critical Review (v. 21 p 722-36) "Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds"T M. Vogel and P L. McCartyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 12, 1140Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2005Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00165a608https://doi.org/10.1021/es00165a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
h Maxi-K Gene Transfer in Males with Erectile Dysfunction: Results of the First Human Trial (2006)

Eleven patients with moderate to severe erectile dysfunction (ED) were given a single-dose corpus cavernosum injection of hMaxi-K, a "naked" DNA plasmid carrying the human cDNA encoding hSlo (for human slow-poke), the gene for the alpha, or pore-forming, subunit of the human smooth muscle Maxi-K channel. Three patients each were given 500, 1000, and 5000 microg, and two patients were given 7500 microg, of hMaxi-K and monitored for 24 weeks. The primary objectives of this phase I study were safety and tolerability of escalating hMaxi-K doses as assessed by clinical evaluations and laboratory tests. Secondary efficacy objectives were measured primarily by use of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scale. Patient responses were validated by partner responses. There were no serious adverse events and no dose-related adverse events attributed to gene transfer for any patient at any dose or study visit. No clinically significant changes from baseline were seen in physical evaluations (general and genitourinary), hematology, chemistry, and hormone analyses, or in cardiac events evaluated by repeated electrocardiograms. Importantly, no plasmid was detected in the semen of patients at any time after the injections. Patients given the two highest doses of hMaxi-K had apparent sustained improvements in erectile function (EF) as indicated by improved IIEF-EF domain scores over the length of the study. One patient given 5000 microg and one given 7500 microg reported EF category improvements that were highly clinically significant and were also maintained through the 24 weeks of study. Efficacy conclusions cannot be drawn from results of a phase I trial with no control group. However, the promising primary safety outcomes of the study and preliminary indications of effectiveness provide evidence that hMaxi-K gene transfer is a viable approach to the treatment of ED and that further studies investigating the efficacy of hMaxi-K in patients with ED should be performed.
Localization of multiple sources with moving arrays (1998)

We consider the problem of localizing multiple narrowband stationary signals using an arbitrary time-varying array such as an array mounted on a moving platform. We assume a Gaussian stochastic model for the received signals and employ the generalized least squares (GLS) estimator to get an asymptotically efficient estimation of the model parameters. In case the signals are a priori known to be uncorrelated, the estimator allows the exploitation of this prior knowledge to its benefit. For the important case of a translational motion of a rigid array, a computationally efficient spatial-smoothing method is presented. Simulation results confirming the theoretical results are included.
Directed Lithiation of Aromatic Compounds: (2‐Dimethylamino‐5‐Methylphenyl)Diphenylcarbinol (2003)

Abstract Directed lithiation of aromatic compounds: (2‐dimethylamino‐5‐methylphenyl)diphenylcarbinol product: (2‐dimethylamino‐5‐methylphenyl)diphenylcarbinol catalyst: 8.8 g. (0.076 mole of N,N,N′,N′ ‐tetramethylethylenediamine
Multi-User Flexible Coordinated Beamforming using Lattice Reduction for Massive MIMO Systems (2014)

The application of precoding algorithms in multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MU-Massive-MIMO) systems is restricted by the dimensionality constraint that the number of transmit antennas has to be greater than or equal to the total number of receive antennas. In this paper, a lattice reduction (LR)-aided flexible coordinated beamforming (LR-FlexCoBF) algorithm is proposed to overcome the dimensionality constraint in overloaded MU-Massive-MIMO systems. A random user selection scheme is integrated with the proposed LR-FlexCoBF to extend its application to MU-Massive-MIMO systems with arbitary overloading levels. Simulation results show that significant improvements in terms of bit error rate (BER) and sum-rate performances can be achieved by the proposed LR-FlexCoBF precoding algorithm.
Influence of Cottonseed Meal on Vanadium Toxicity and 48 Vanadium Distribution in Body Tissues of Laying Hens (1986)

Hens of two commercial White Leghorn strains were fed diets representing a complete factorial arrangement of 0, 3, or 6 ppm vanadium (V) from dicalcium phosphate and 0 or 5% cottonseed meal (CSM). Test diets were fed for 4 consecutive weeks beginning when hens were 25, 40, 62, or 76 weeks old. After each 4-week treatment period, all hens were fed a diet containing no added V or CSM. Albumen quality (Haugh units) was determined on eggs produced on Days 6 and 7 of each week of feeding the test diets. Three ppm V caused a slight decrease in Haugh units, while 6 ppm V reduced Haugh unit score (HU) by 6 to 15 units when fed to hens 29, 44, or 80 weeks old. The relative influence of V on HU of eggs from 66-week-old hens was less pronounced. The inclusion of 5% CSM in the diet counteracted most of the adverse effects of V on egg quality, irrespective of strain of hens. Egg production and egg weight were not affected by V or CSM. In a second experiment, hens fed diets containing no V + no CSM, 6 ppm V + no CSM, no V + 5% CSM, or 6 ppm V + 5% CSM were given 110 microCi of 48V by oral capsule. Greatest concentrations of 48V were found in bone, kidney, liver, and magnum. Little 48V was detected in whites, and none was found in yolks of eggs produced 2 days after 48V dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating the Reduced Hydrophobic Taste Sensor Response of Dipeptides by Theasinensin A by Using NMR and Quantum Mechanical Analyses (2016)

The current study demonstrated that theasinensin A (TSA) had a potential to form the complex with hydrophobic Trp-containing dipeptides, and to reduce their membrane potential by artificial-lipid membrane taste sensor. At a 1:3 molar ratio of the 6 Trp-containing dipeptides together with TSA, we observed a significant chemical shift of the protons of the dipeptides (Δδ) to a high magnetic field, when analyzed using 1H-nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The Δδ values were correlated with the hydrophobicity (log P) of the dipeptides and significant correlations were obtained (P = 0.022, R2 = 0.77); e.g., Trp-Leu with the highest log P value of 1.623 among the tested dipeptides showed the highest Δδ value of 0.105 ppm for the H7 proton of Trp-Leu, while less chemical shifts were observed in theasinensin B and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy revealed that the diffusion coefficient of 3 mM of Trp-Leu (7.6 × 10-11 m2/s) at a pulse field gradient in the range 0.05-0.3 T/m decreased in the presence of 3 mM TSA (6.6 × 10-11 m2/s), suggesting that Trp-Leu forms a complex with TSA. Quantum mechanical calculations and rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect-NMR spectroscopy provided configuration information on the geometry of the complex that Trp-Leu formed with TSA (1:1 complex) with a ΔG energy of -8.7 kJ/mol. A sensor analysis using artificial-lipid membranes demonstrated that the changes in membrane potential of 1 mM Trp-Leu (21.8 ± 1.3 mV) and Leu-Trp (5.3 ± 0.9 mV) were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by 1 mM TSA (Trp-Leu, 13.1 ± 2.4 mV; Leu-Trp, 3.5 ± 0.5 mV; TSA alone, 0.2 ± 0.01 mV), indicating the effective suppression of hydrophobicity of dipeptides by TSA-formed complex.