gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IN QUEST OF A SYSTEMATIC FRAMEWORK FOR UNIFYING AND DEFINING NANOSCIENCE (2014)

This is an invited overview of a lecture presented at the American Physical Society (APS) Meeting, Boston, USA (March 1, 2012). The primary focus of this APS lecture was to trace the historical emergence of Hard and Soft nanoscale superatoms (i.e. nano-element categories) as well as a recent merging of these concepts/entities by chemists/physicists into a unified system and framework for defining nanoscience. The convergence of these quantized, organic/inorganic superatom entities involved the application of traditional "first principles" and their nanoscale "atom mimicry" features as a criteria for evolving a roadmap of quantized nano-elemental categories, nano-compound/assemblies and nano-periodic patterns, etc., much as was observed in traditional chemistry. This simple perspective was used to define a nanoscale taxonomy of hard/soft superatom/nano-element categories, as well as to explain the dependency of a broad range of nano-periodic properties/features on one or more of six Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters (CNDPs) associated with these nano-building blocks, namely: (1) size, (2) shape, (3) surface chemistry, (4) rigidity/flexibility, (5) architecture and (6) elemental composition. Validation and support of this systematic nano-periodic perspective has appeared in many recent publications describing CNDP dependent nano-periodic property patterns/trends, rules and Mendeleev-like nano-periodic tables which may unify and provide first steps toward a "central paradigm" for nanoscience.
The Design and Implementation of Real Time Encoder System (2014)

This paper designed and implemented a next-generation solution for the Internet Broadcasting system applying FlashVideo. Compressing HD Class images in real time currently being broadcast in the field, this is a system that can service VOD as well as Internet live broadcasting, which is a solution that supports the operation of Internet Live broadcasting, VOD service and UCC service easily online. It is a system that supports real time streaming of MPEC4 and WMV images on the Internet or Smartphone by compressing camera and VOD images using H264 Codec in real time, which is first, the first real time encoder system in Korea with the real time recording feature of camera images and a software product that supports the up-to-date Codec technology suitable for the Web and Smartphone environments. Second, it is a two-way Internet broadcasting system that can play videos with an MP4 player and support user chatting and customizing. Third, the Contents Management System (CMS) feature can service streaming of video contents and lecture management contents in real time through Android phone or iPhone.
Multiple Signal DoA Estimation with Unknown Electromagnetic Coupling using Gaussian Process (2020)

In this paper, we employ a Gaussian Process Regression method based on the Polynomial Root Finding technique (PRF-GPR) to address the Direction of arrival (DoA) problem. Arrays whose electromagnetic coupling is taken into account in an exact way are employed in our DoA studies here. The Search-free DoA estimation algorithm is modified to accommodate the exact coupling with this learning-based method, PRF-GPR, which is capable of estimating DoA when multiple signals arrive at a receiver array with unknown electromagnetic coupling in its elements. Simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High DHA tuna oil alleviated cigarette smoking exposure induced lung inflammation via the regulation of gut microbiota and serum metabolites (2021)

In this study, the dose-dependent beneficial effects of tuna oil (TO) on cigarette smoke exposure induced lung inflammation were investigated. Treatments with low- (LD), moderate- (MD) and high-dosage (HD) of TO reduce the C-reactive protein concentration in serum, significantly down-regulated and up-regulated the mRNA levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the lung, respectively. TO treatment inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In addition, TO treatments reduced the MDA concentration and enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum. What’s more, TO treatment modulated the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus species and short-chain fatty acid producers and decreasing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens, as well as affecting the amino acid metabolism in serum. This research clarified the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TO on cigarette smoking exposure induced lung inflammation in mice.
Daily Physical Activity Patterns as a Window on Cognitive Diagnosis in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) (2022)

Differences in the timing and patterns of physical activity throughout the day linked to MCI/AD diagnoses warrant further investigation into potential clinical utility.
Integrated Calibration-Free Scannable Structured Light for Fast High-Resolution LiDAR (2020)

We demonstrate an integrated scanning technique using structured light, which combines features of flash and scanning LiDAR. A tunable, scalable and calibration-free SiN structured light generator is demonstrated with a 0.3° × 0.3° spot divergence.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐NEPLANOCIN A (1984)

Abstract Die Synthese des Antitumor‐wirksamen Antibioticums (‐)‐Neplanocin A (IV) aus (I) über 15 Zwischenstufen wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Heterocyclic Ring-Expansion and/or Dehydration-Hydration Reactions of Propargylic and Allenylic Hydroxy γ-Lactams in the Presence of Strong Base or Lewis Acid. (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of Simultaneous Injection Concept and Other Water Based EOR Strategies for a Carbonate Reservoir in North of the Sultanate of Oman (2022)

Abstract In this study development options are evaluated for a low permeability carbonate field located in the North of the Sultanate of Oman which has been on production since 1969. The dominant recovery mechanism is bottom aquifer water injection with an estimated recovery factor of around 50% till date. This study is aimed at testing the simultaneous injection concept and other water based EOR strategies for the field to present a range of options for future development. During the work several concepts were also designed to understand the impact of major heterogeneities on proposed recovery mechanisms, and to understand the role of gravitational forces on remaining oil distribution. Major findings of this work include the development of a range of recovery options for the field with incremental recovery ranging from 2% to 20% (Recovery Factor), improved understanding of the impact of heterogeneities and the role played by gravitational forces. The application of "Experimental Design" of simulation runs ensured capturing of the range of uncertainties in heterogeneities and provided a distribution of outcomes. Economics was evaluated for surfactant polymer flood and simultaneous injection concept to facilitate decision making.
Anti-Termite Activity of Azadirachta excelsa Seed Kernel and Its Isolated Compound against Coptotermes curvignathus (2023)

Azadirachta excelsa, is a plant belonging to the same genus as Indian neem (Azadirachta indica), and its use as a pesticide is reported by few studies. Despite being a different species, it is expected to have the same biopesticide potential as A. indica. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-termite activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of A. excelsa seed kernel at various concentrations against Coptotermes curvignathus. The methanol extract demonstrated greater termicidal activity than n-hexane at doses test of 2%, 4%, and 8%. It also showed 100% termite mortality on the third day of administering the 8% dose. According to the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry data, the putative main components of the n-hexane extract were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (18.99%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (16.31%), and 9-octadecenal (16.23%). In contrast, the principal constituents of methanol extract were patchouli alcohol (28.1%), delta-guaiene (15.15%), and alpha-guaiene (11.93%). Furthermore, limonoids profiling of A. excelsa methanol extract was determined using Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The number of limonoids identified tentatively was fifteen, such as 6-deacetylnimbin, nimbolidin C, nimbolide, 6-acetylnimbandiol, 6-deacetylnimbinene, salannol, 28-deoxonimbolide, gedunin, nimbandiol, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, 2’,3’-dihydrosalannin, marrangin, nimbocinol, and azadirachtin. They were the same as those reported in the seed and leaves of A. indica, but its largest component in A. excelsa was 6-deacetylnimbin. As a result, the presence of these compounds may be responsible for the anti-termite activity of A. excelsa seed kernel extract. Additionally, column chromatography of methanol extract yielded 6-deacetylnimbin, which was found to be antifeedant and termiticide against C. curvignathus.
Modular Polyketide Synthases (PKSs): A New Model Fits All? (2014)

Step-by-step to great diversity: With the potential to synthesize multi-millions of bioactive compounds, modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are of great importance. In this Highlight, new developments in the understanding of the structure and function of these proteins are reviewed.
Toward a Just-in-Time Static Analysis (2015)

Despite years if not decades of research and development on static analysis tools, industrial adaption of much of this tooling remains spotty. Some of this is due to familiar shortcomings with the tooling itself: the effect of false positives on developer satisfaction is well known. However, in this paper, we argue that static-analysis results often run against some cognitive barriers. In other words, the developer is not able to grasp the results easily, leading to higher abandonment rates for analysis tools. In this paper, we propose to improve the current situation with the idea of Just-In-Time (JIT) analyses. In a JIT analysis, results are presented to the user in order of difficulty, starting with easy-to-fix warnings. These warnings are designed to gently “train” the developer and prepare them for reasoning about and fixing more complex bugs. The analysis itself is designed to operate in layers, so that the next layer of results is being computed while the previous one is being examined. The desired effect is that static-analysis results are available just-in-time, with the developer never needing to wait for them to be computed.
High average power difference-frequency generation of picosecond mid-IR pulses at 80MHz using an Yb-fiber laser pumped optical parametric oscillator (2015)

We present an efficient coherent source widely tunable in the mid-infrared spectral range consisting of a commercial picosecond Yb-fiber laser operating at 80 MHz repetition rate, a synchronously-pumped OPO (SPOPO) and differencefrequency generation (DFG) in AgGaSe<sub>2</sub>. With an average input pump power of 7.8 W at 1032 nm and at 80 MHz, the SPOPO outputs are tunable from 1380 to 1980 nm (Signal) and from 2.1 to ~4 μm (Idler) with pulse durations between 2.1 and 2.6 ps over the entire tuning range. After temporally overlapping Signal and Idler through a delay line, the two beams are spatially recombined with a dichroic mirror (reflecting for the Signal in s-polarization and transmitting for the Idler in p-polarization), and focused by a 150 mm CaF<sub>2</sub> lens to a common focus. For DFG we employ an AR-coated 10- mm thick AgGaSe<sub>2</sub> nonlinear crystal cut for type-I interaction at θ =52°. The generated mid-infrared picosecond pulses are continuously tunable between 5 and 18 μm with average power up to 130 mW at 6 μm and more than 1 mW at 18 μm. Their spectra and autocorrelation traces are measured up to 15 μm and 11 μm, respectively, and indicate that the input spectral bandwidth and pulse duration are maintained to a great extent in the nonlinear frequency conversion processes. The pulse duration slightly decreases from 2.1 to 1.9 ps at 6.7 μm while the spectral bandwidth supports ~1.5 ps (~10 cm<sup>-1</sup>)durations across the entire mid-infrared tuning range. For the first time narrow-band mid-infrared pulses with energy exceeding 1 nJ are generated at such high repetition rates.
Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generation (2021)

Text-to-image generation has traditionally focused on finding better modeling assumptions for training on a fixed dataset. These assumptions might involve complex architectures, auxiliary losses, or side information such as object part labels or segmentation masks supplied during training. We describe a simple approach for this task based on a transformer that autoregressively models the text and image tokens as a single stream of data. With sufficient data and scale, our approach is competitive with previous domain-specific models when evaluated in a zero-shot fashion.
A reconfigurable CMOS neural network (1990)

An analog CMOS neural net with a programmable architecture containing 32 K connections is discussed. The objective of packing as large a network as possible on a chip leads to the choice of an analog approach. Analog signals are used only inside the network. All the input and output data are digital. The reconfigurable network consists of building blocks that can be joined to form various network architectures. The circuit can be programmed to implement single-layer networks or multilayer networks with binary or analog connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Studies of HBV replication during acute hepatitis followed by recovery and acute hepatitis progressing to chronic disease (1985)

The serologic and viral profiles of 24 patients who presented with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied. Although in rare cases, HBV-DNA was detectable before hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), in the majority the viral proteins appeared first. In acute hepatitis followed by recovery, as IgM anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen) titres rose, the level of HBV replication fell and serum transaminases became elevated. In patients progressing to chronic HBV infection, IgM anti-HBc titres rose early, viral replication was initially low but continued to rise as the serum transaminase levels became elevated. 7S IgM anti-HBc, although present in the phase of established chronic HBV infection, was not found in the early phase of the chronic infection. Thus this antibody appears to be a consequence of, rather than a causative factor in, chronic HBV infection.
Design information framework to support engineering design process (1996)

The objective of this research is to develop a framework for capture and retrieval of engineering design information. The framework is eventually intended to support the following applications: collaborative design, change propagation, constraint maintenance, design re-use, and design process management, control, and analysis. Part of the data is assumed to be entered by the designer into the developed design information system (DIS), while another resides in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models, text files, and databases, scattered throughout a heterogeneous distributed computing environment.
A taxonomy of DISs was created in order to study the characteristics of generic approaches proposed in the literature. Further, the information contents and functional requirements and some specifics of the software environment for the design information framework are clarified. The latter include specifics of CAD and other software products from the viewpoint of their integration potential (i.e., the ease of exchanging data and services with other software components).
The proposed model-based and content-based approach to design information capture uses an object-oriented data model. A reduced affinity method is used to identify the major entity classes. They are: Product Data; Design Processes; Organizational Units; and Sources of Information. The design rationale is represented using a specialization of the IBIS (Issue Based Information System) method as pros and cons for each entity selection made.
The conceptual data model is further mapped onto a physical-level data model. It allows a uniform handling of both data and schema information. In particular, the proposed object extension mechanism allows to reduce data redundancy when describing an evolving product model. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model, a prototype DIS is developed. It can be subdivided from a functional viewpoint into database and user interface managers and application modules. A three-tier implementation architecture both for the shared database and for the user interface manager is proposed. World-Wide Web (WWW) protocols are used to implement distributed data and method access.
The applicability of the developed framework is verified by recording sample data from a representative design project.
Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine: Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications (2010)

Magnetic nanoparticles continue to garner widespread interest in biomedical applications, such as visualization agents in MRI, therapeutic vehicles for drug delivery and heat mediators in hyperthermia. Recent advances in colloidal synthesis and surface-functionalization techniques have greatly contributed to the design of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with controlled properties and multifunctional capabilities, which are harnessed for dual diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The surface-functionalization methods in particular have aided in obtaining magnetic nanoparticles coated with molecules, with tailored functionalities that enhance their applications. In this article, the methods of synthesis and functionalization are examined, with emphasis on how these impact their biomedical applications.
Saxagliptin improves glycaemic control and C‐peptide secretion in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (2015)

Saxagliptin was effective in lowering blood glucose levels and generally well tolerated in GADA-positive patients. Interestingly, saxagliptin appears to improve β-cell function in these patients, although a longer treatment duration may be needed to confirm this finding.
Fast pattern-specific routing for fat tree networks (2013)

In the context of eXtended Generalized Fat Tree (XGFT) topologies, widely used in HPC and datacenter network designs, we propose a generic method, based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP), to efficiently determine optimal routes for arbitrary workloads. We propose a novel approach that combines ILP with dynamic programming, effectively reducing the time to solution. Specifically, we divide the network into smaller subdomains optimized using a custom ILP formulation that ensures global optimality of local solutions. Local solutions are then combined into an optimal global solution using dynamic programming. Finally, we demonstrate through a series of extensive benchmarks that our approach scales in practice to networks interconnecting several thousands of nodes, using a single-threaded, freely available linear programming solver on commodity hardware, with the potential for higher scalability by means of commercial, parallel solvers.
Comparison of RNA- or LNA-hybrid oligonucleotides in template-switching reactions for high-speed sequencing library preparation (2013)

Abstract Background Analyzing the RNA pool or transcription start sites requires effective means to convert RNA into cDNA libraries for digital expression counting. With current high-speed sequencers, it is necessary to flank the cDNAs with specific adapters. Adding template-switching oligonucleotides to reverse transcription reactions is the most commonly used approach when working with very small quantities of RNA even from single cells. Results Here we compared the performance of DNA-RNA, DNA-LNA and DNA oligonucleotides in template-switching during nanoCAGE library preparation. Test libraries from rat muscle and HeLa cell RNA were prepared in technical triplicates and sequenced for comparison of the gene coverage and distribution of the reads within transcripts. The DNA-RNA oligonucleotide showed the highest specificity for capped 5′ ends of mRNA, whereas the DNA-LNA provided similar gene coverage with more reads falling within exons. Conclusions While confirming the cap-specific preference of DNA-RNA oligonucleotides in template-switching reactions, our data indicate that DNA-LNA hybrid oligonucleotides could potentially find other applications in random RNA sequencing.
p27: A Barometer of Signaling Deregulation and Potential Predictor of Response to Targeted Therapies (2010)

Phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 by upstream mitogenic signaling pathways regulates its stability, localization, and biological function. In human cancers, loss of the antiproliferative action of p27 can arise through reduced protein levels and/or cytoplasmic mislocalization, leading to increased cell proliferation and/or cell migration, respectively. Reduced p27 expression levels and p27 mislocalization have potential prognostic and therapeutic implications in various types of human cancers. This review highlights mechanisms of functional deregulation of p27 by oncogenic signaling that provide an important molecular rationale for pathway targeting in cancer treatment.
Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Background of Congenital Long-QT Syndrome Diagnosed in Fetal, Neonatal, and Infantile Life (2009)

Patients with LQTS who showed life-threatening arrhythmias at perinatal periods were mostly those with LQT2, LQT3, or no known mutations. Independent of the genotype, aggressive intervention resulted in effective suppression of arrhythmias, with only 7 deaths recorded.