gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging chitin and chitosan nanofibrous materials for biomedical applications (2014)

Over the past several decades, we have witnessed significant progress in chitosan and chitin based nanostructured materials. The nanofibers from chitin and chitosan with appealing physical and biological features have attracted intense attention due to their excellent biological properties related to biodegradability, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, low immunogenicity and wound healing capacity. Various methods, such as electrospinning, self-assembly, phase separation, mechanical treatment, printing, ultrasonication and chemical treatment were employed to prepare chitin and chitosan nanofibers. These nanofibrous materials have tremendous potential to be used as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressing materials, antimicrobial agents, and biosensors. This review article discusses the most recent progress in the preparation and application of chitin and chitosan based nanofibrous materials in biomedical fields.
Electrophilic Cyclization of Pyrrole (2016)

In a series of papers spanning 20 years, Natsume, Muratake, and coworkers reported a versatile synthesis of indoles exploiting the reactivity of the pyrrole ring toward intramolecular electrophilic attack at the C-2 or C-3 position. In their seminal paper, Natsume and Muratake reported a simple synthesis of 4-alkylpyrroles that derived from their earlier work involving the formation and reaction of heterocyclic endoperoxides with nucleophiles. Using this strategy, these workers prepared the ergot biogenetic precursor 4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)indole, and, using direct C-2 intermolecular electrophilic attack on N-tosylpyrrole followed by intramolecular C-3 electrophilic cyclization, Muratake and Natsume synthesized the tumor promoters lyngbyatoxin A (= teleocidin A-1) and teleocidin A-2. Natsume, Muratake, and colleagues applied their pyrrole-to-indole methodology to the syntheses of the trikentrins, pendolmycin, (±)- and (S)-pindolol, the herbindoles, hapalindole O, mitosene analogues, and the duocarmycins.
Synthesis of Ceramic Pigments ACr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Using the Non-Conventional Method of Co-Precipitation Assisted by Ultrasound and High Energy Milling (2014)

In this research ceramic pigments have been synthesized with crystalline spinel structure and chromium based with a stoichiometry ACr2O4. A was an element with +2 valence metal, in this case, metals were zinc and iron, these pigments have been synthesized by non-conventional methods like the co-precipitation assisted by ultrasound and high milling energy. Pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectrophotometry, and colorimetric CIELab method. Results showed that it was possible to obtain a crystallin desired structure at temperatures below 900&#176C by non-conventional methods. These results showed the advantages of ceramic pigments obtained by alternative routes, because it was possible to have a better control over stoichiometry and colorimetric structure properties. Furthermore, they were obtained at temperatures lower than those used by the traditional ceramic route.
ChemInform Abstract: Cellulose Hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum: A Microbial Perspective (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thrust characteristics of 2-pole PMLSM composed of flux concentrated arrangement with Halbach array (2009)

Flux concentration in the airgap may attain by adding a Halbach magnet array on the surface of the main magnetic pole of a 2-pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). Thrust characteristics significantly change depending on the amount of flux concentration. In this paper, the thrust characteristics by changing the magnet width of normal component in a Halbach array are calculated using a 3-D boundary integral equation method. It also calculates the thrust by changing the height of the Halbach array layer. Furthermore, the thrust ripple for a slotted model is investigated. The relation between the thrust and the slot opening width is discussed. In addition, the numerical result having extended the 2-pole PMLSM to the 4-pole PMLSM is also shown.
Treatment Pattern and Outcomes with Systemic Therapy in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer in the Real-World Patients in the United States (2021)

The majority of patients (54%) received only androgen deprivation therapy for mPC. In patients treated with an NHT, alternate NHT was the most common next therapy and was associated with improved median overall survival over docetaxel (abiraterone followed by docetaxel vs. enzalutamide (8.7 vs. 15.6 months; adjusted hazards ratio; aHR 1.32; <i>p</i> = 0.009; and enzalutamide followed by docetaxel vs. abiraterone (9.7 vs. 13.2 months aHR 1.40; <i>p</i> = 0.009). Limitations of the study include retrospective design.
SE-72/AS-72 generator system based on Se extraction/ As reextraction (2023)

The preparation of a .sup.72Se/.sup.72As radioisotope generator involves forming an acidic aqueous solution of an irradiated alkali bromide target such as a NaBr target, oxidizing soluble bromide in the solution to elemental bromine, removing the elemental bromine, evaporating the resulting solution to a residue, removing hydrogen chloride from the residue, forming an acidic aqueous solution of the residue, adding a chelator that selectively forms a chelation complex with selenium, and extracting the chelation complex from the acidic aqueous solution into an organic phase. As the .sup.72Se generates .sup.72As in the organic phase, the .sup.72As may be extracted repeatedly from the organic phase with an aqueous acid solution.
Predicting Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of CO2 in Microchannels (2001)

Abstract Microchannels have been widely used by the refrigeration/air conditioning industry. Zhao et al. (2000a,b) presented their experimental results for CO2 flow boiling in microchannels. In the present study, empirical modeling is performed to correlate the experimental data. Five state-of-the-art, large-tube empirical models are compared with the experimental data. It is found that these correlations fail to satisfactorily predict the experimental data for microchannels. This indicates that the heat transfer behavior in microchannels is different from that in large channels. A new correlation is developed based on Liu and Winterton’s correlation by introducing confinement factor to account for the micro-scale effects. The new model agrees well with the experimental results for CO2 flow boiling in microchannels within ±20%.
Supplementary Table from Microbes Contribute to Chemopreventive Efficacy, Intestinal Tumorigenesis, and the Metabolome (2023)

Supplementary Table from Microbes Contribute to Chemopreventive Efficacy, Intestinal Tumorigenesis, and the Metabolome
Myocardial Viability and Survival in Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (2011)

The presence of viable myocardium was associated with a greater likelihood of survival in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, but this relationship was not significant after adjustment for other baseline variables. The assessment of myocardial viability did not identify patients with a differential survival benefit from CABG, as compared with medical therapy alone. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; STICH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.).
Orientated Imaging Microscopy (1995)

Abstract With the complexity of polycrystalline materials, a number of techniques have evolved to assist in the resolution of the crystallography of these materials. Conventional methods provide partial information regarding grain size, and can produce estimated orientation distributions. However, these techniques have not been able to provide the spatial placement of lattice orientations, which is necessary for a complete picture of the microstructure of a materials sample. Furthermore, many materials characteristics, such as fracture and corrosion, are determined by site-specific, rather than average, crystal lographic features.
Improved accuracy for the Helmholtz equation in unbounded domains (2004)

Abstract Based on properties of the Helmholtz equation, we derive a new equation for an auxiliary variable. This reduces much of the oscillations of the solution leading to more accurate numerical approximations to the original unknown. Computations confirm the improved accuracy of the new models in both two and three dimensions. This also improves the accuracy when one wants the solution at neighbouring wavenumbers by using an expansion in k . We examine the accuracy for both waveguide and scattering problems as a function of k , h and the forcing mode l . The use of local absorbing boundary conditions is also examined as well as the location of the outer surface as functions of k . Connections with parabolic approximations are analysed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Programmers use slices when debugging (1982)

Computer programmers break apart large programs into smaller coherent pieces. Each of these pieces: functions, subroutines, modules, or abstract datatypes, is usually a contiguous piece of program text. The experiment reported here shows that programmers also routinely break programs into one kind of coherent piece which is not coniguous. When debugging unfamiliar programs programmers use program pieces called slices which are sets of statements related by their flow of data. The statements in a slice are not necessarily textually contiguous, but may be scattered through a program.
PCDH7 Inhibits the Formation of Homotypic Cell-in-Cell Structure (2020)

Though homotypic cell-in-cell (hoCIC) structures are implicated in the development and progression of multiple human tumors, the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation remain poorly understood. We found that the expression of Protocadherin-7 (PCDH7), an integral membrane protein, was negatively associated with the formation of hoCIC structures. Overexpression of <i>PCDH7</i> efficiently inhibits, while its depletion significantly enhances, hoCIC formation, which was attributed to its regulation on intercellular adhesion and contractile actomyosin as well. Via directly interacting with and inactivating PP1α, a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates pMLC2, PCDH7 increases the level of pMLC2 leading to enhanced actomyosin at the intercellular region and compromised hoCIC formation. Remarkably, <i>PCDH7</i> enhanced anchorage-independent cell growth in a hoCIC-dependent manner. Together, we identified PCDH7 as the first <i>trans-</i>membrane protein that inhibits hoCIC formation to promote tumor growth.
Polymeric Micelles and Nanoparticles from Block and Statistical Poly((RS)‐3,3‐dimethylmalic acid) Derivatives: Preparation and Characterization (2005)

Amphiphilic and biodegradable micelles and nanoparticles designed as potential drug carriers were prepared from biodegradable statistical and block copolyesters obtained by a living anionic ring-opening process. These novel materials display amphiphilic properties arising from the joint presence of hydrophilic poly((RS)-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) and hydrophobic poly(hexyl (RS)-3,3-dimethylmalate) segments. Micelles obtained from a well-defined block copolymer have been characterized by their critical aggregation concentration, and nanoparticles derived from statistical copolymer have been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Determination of Metals in Solid Samples by Complexation--Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Gas Chromatography--Atomic Emission Detection (1993)

Complexation followed by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been investigated for the extraction of Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ ions from solid samples. Lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate (FDDC) was used as the complexing agent in this study. The metal-FDDC complexes in the SFE extracts were determined by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. The recoveries of Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ ions from filter paper, sand, and silica gel (spiked at 10 µg/strip of filter paper or 10 µg/g sand or silica gel) ranged from about 70 to 100%. Relatively high concentrations of complexed Cu, Co, Cd, and Zn found in system blanks obtained with a stainless steel SFE system prompted us to modify the apparatus by using nonmetallic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) components. Levels of these metals in system blanks generated using the modified system were only 10 to 30% of those generated using the stainless steel system. The techniques for the addition of the solid or dissolved complexing agent to the samples are discussed. This new approach to the extraction and determination of inorganic ions from solid samples, if generally applicable, could result in significant reductions in the use of organic solvents and acids specified in conventional extraction methods.
Active vision-based robot localization and navigation in a visual memory (2011)

We present a new strategy for active vision-based localization and navigation of a mobile robot in a visual memory, i.e., within a previously-visited area represented as a large collection of images. Vision-based localization in such a large and dynamic visual map is intrinsically ambiguous, since more than one map-locations can exhibit the same visual appearance as the current image observed by the robot. Most existing approaches are passive, i.e., they do not devise any strategy to resolve this ambiguity. In this work, we present an active vision-based localization and navigation strategy that can disambiguate the true initial location among possible hypotheses by controlling the mobile observer across a sequence of highly distinctive images, while concurrently navigating towards the target image. The performance of our active localization and navigation algorithm is demonstrated experimentally on a robot moving within a large outdoor environment.
Design and Implementation of Firmware Data Acquisition System Based on Scrapy Framework (2020)

In recent years, the scale of Internet data grows exponentially with the development of Internet technology. Such huge amount of Internet data is valuable. Web crawler is one of the most popular technology, which is often used to obtain these data. Scrapy is a popular framework of web crawler which is widely used in various Internet information collection systems. This paper optimizes the framework of Scrapy, designs a firmware data acquisition system based on the framework of Scrapy based on the technologies of distributed, anti-crawler, ELK and automatic construction, and crawls the firmware information of various manufacturers on the Internet. The experimental results show that after employing the distributed and prevent anti-crawler technology, the number of target acquisition increases by 10%, and the time is shortened by 70%. The large-scale logs analysis using ELK solves the problem that the log number is too large for analysis, and the crawler can be automatically constructed and crawls through the code automatic construction technology. This method is efficient for the optimization of firmware crawler.
Isolation and chromosomal assignment of canine genomic BAC clones representing 25 cancer-related genes (2003)

An extensive number of genes have been implicated in the initiation and progression of human cancers, aiding our understanding of the genetic aetiology of this highly heterogeneous disease. In order to facilitate extrapolation of such information between species, we have isolated and physically mapped the canine orthologues of 25 well-characterised human cancer-related genes. The identity of PCR products representing each canine gene marker was first confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. Each product was then radiolabelled and used to screen a genomic BAC library for the domestic dog. The chromosomal location of each positive clone in the canine karyotype was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) onto canine metaphase preparations. Of the 25 genes, the FISH localisation of 21 correlated fully with that expected on the basis of known regions of conserved synteny between the human and canine genomes. Three correlated less closely, and the chromosomal location of the remaining marker showed no apparent correlation with current comparative mapping data. In addition to generating useful comparative mapping information, this panel of markers will act as a valuable resource for detailed study of candidate genes likely to be involved in tumourigenesis, and also forms the basis of a canine cancer-gene genomic microarray currently being developed for the study of unbalanced genomic aberrations in canine tumours.
VARIATIONS IN THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTER AND STABILITY OF THE NUCLEAR CHROMATIN IN MORPHOLOGICALLY NORMAL HUMAN SPERMATOZOA (1973)

Summary. Decondensation of the nuclear chromatin of mammalian spermatozoa can be induced by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) containing dithiothreitol (DTT)—a reagent which specifically cleaves -S-S- crosslinks. The nuclei of mature rabbit and monkey spermatozoa respond to SDS/DTT treatment in a uniform manner, each expanding to a similar degree, whereas those of the treated human ejaculate display a consistent heterogeneity between individual spermatozoa in their degree of decondensation which is unrelated to head shape. A variable proportion of the sperm nuclei from human ejaculates will swell in SDS alone and correlated ultrastructural studies indicate that these probably possess incompletely condensed chromatin of granular appearance. The heterogeneity of sperm nuclei in the human ejaculate revealed by combined treatment with SDS/DTT, on the other hand, is probably not visible at the ultrastructural level before such treatment. The decondensation induced by SDS/DTT allows detection of nuclear vacuoles which are not evident with the light microscope in intact spermatozoa. Such vacuoles were present in &amp;gt;90% of the spermatozoa of one individual whose ejaculate was otherwise normal. The finding that human sperm nuclei of normal shape may vary considerably with respect to the character of their chromatin raises several questions; these include the aetiology and molecular basis of such heterogeneity and the possible bearing these differences might have on the early development of the human embryo. The present technique of controlled nuclear decondensation provides a simple method by which the structural quality of sperm nuclei can be assessed.
Coordinated expression and amplification of the MDM2, CDK4, and HMGIC genes in atypical lipomatous tumours (2000)

Atypical lipomatous tumours (ALTs) represent a distinctive subset of mesenchymal neoplasms featuring mature adipocytic differentiation. Most ALTs are characterized cytogenetically by the presence of supernumerary ring and/or long marker chromosomes derived from the chromosomal region 12q13–15. The 12q13–15 chromosome region contains several genes which may play an important role in human tumorigenesis. A series of ALTs was analysed by investigating the MDM2, CDK4, and HMGI-C genes and their proteins. The study was extended to a series of ordinary lipomas, to determine whether the immunohistochemical investigation of these gene products might play any diagnostic role. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of various cytogenetic aberrations involving the 12q13–15 region in 11/18 (61%) lipomas and of ring chromosomes in all ALTs. Overexpression of mdm2 protein was observed in 6/12 (50%) atypical lipomatous tumours. All lipomas were mdm2-negative. cdk4 overexpression was present in 100% of ALTs. Weak cdk4 immunopositivity was detected in 2/18 (11%) ordinary lipomas in a minority of cells. HMGI-C immunopositivity was observed in 10/12 (83%) ALTs. Positive immunoreactivity was also observed in 8/18 (44%) lipomas. Southern blot analysis revealed amplification of the CDK4 and MDM2 genes in 3/5 ALTs analysed. HMGI-C was amplified in 3/5 cases and was deleted in one case. Mutation analysis of the CDK4 gene did not demonstrate any mutation. These data support the hypothesis that ordinary lipomas may form a molecular genetic and morphological continuum with ALT. At one end of the spectrum are lipomas characterized by 12q13–15 rearrangements and HMGI-C activation and at the other end are ALTs with ring chromosomes, 12q13–15 amplification with overrepresentation of the HMGI-C, CDK4 or MDM2 genes, and aberrant cdk4, mdm2, and HMGI-C protein expression. These findings not only provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of lipomatous tumours, but also indicate that the immunohistochemical analysis of mdm2 and cdk4 may help to increase diagnostic accuracy. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SCL/TAL1 gene: Roles in normal and malignant haematopoiesis (1997)

SCL (TAL1/TCL5) is a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Originally identified because of its involvement in a tumour-specific chromosomal translocation, overexpression of the SCL gene is the most common molecular abnormality found in human T cell leukaemia. Transgenic models have now formally demonstrated that overexpression of SCL within the T cell lineage is capable of causing malignant transformation. Gene targeting experiments have revealed that the SCL gene is crucial for the development of primitive haematopoiesis in the mouse and is also required for the generation of all adult haematopoietic lineages. Biochemical studies have indicated some of the proteins which interact with SCL and this has refined the hypotheses concerning the mechanisms by which SCL plays a role in leukaemogenesis and haematopoietic development.
Marek's disease virus reactivation from latency: changes in gene expression at the origin of replication (2003)

Marek's disease is a contagious lymphoma of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). MDV replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes latency within and transforms chicken CD4+ T-cells. Transformed T-cells are seen as skin leukosis or as lymphomas in visceral organs. A major focus of our laboratory is the functional study of genes flanking the origin of replication. This origin (OriLyt) is contained within the repeats flanking the unique long (UL) region of the genome (IRL and TRL). To the left of this Ori are genes associated with MDV latent/transforming infection [1.8-kb RNA family, pp14, Meq), and to the right (UL) are genes associated with early stages of MDV lytic infection [BamHI-H-encoded protein (Hep), pp38/pp24, Mys]. During latency, MDV suppresses lytic gene expression and has evolved mechanisms for blocking the apoptosis of latently-infected CD4+ T-cells. Of the genes expressed during MDV latency and in the transformed cell, the Meq (Marek's EcoRI-Q-encoded protein) has been shown to block apoptosis and transactivate gene expression. Upon reactivation to lytic infection, we have found that splice variants of Meq predominate and that these forms lack several of the domains important to Meq trans-activation and trans-repression. We have found that rightward from the origin of replication, a family genes, including phosphoprotein 38 (pp38) are expressed during early stages of reactivation. Three separate open reading frames (Hep, Mys, and pp38) are encoded by distinct transcripts from this region. We are now determining the kinetics of expression of these transcripts and their relative abundance during reactivation.
Integration von Biobanken für Forschungsaufgaben (2009)

Zu den wichtigsten Ressourcen der translationalen Forschung zahlen Biobanken, die in wohlorganisierter Weise Bioproben und zugeordnete klinische Information zur Verfugung stellen. Die Informationsintegration steht vor erheblichen Herausforderungen, da Sammlungen und Informationsquellen verteilt, fragmentiert, semantisch heterogen und unvollstandig sind. Wir schlagen ein Stufenkonzept zur Integration vor, dessen Basiskomponente bereits realisiert ist und eingesetzt wird.