gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Au‐dimercaprol functionalized cellulose aerogel: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application (2018)

A new derivative of cellulose aerogel was prepared via functionalization of cellulose with dimercaprol. Dimercaprol, as a chelating agent of Au(III), was applied for the loading of Au(III) on cellulose aerogel. The new organogold compound after characterization was used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation reactions of aliphatic alcohols, benzyl alcohol, and ethylbenzene. Excellent selectivities and good conversions were obtained in the green oxidation reactions of alcohols and ethylbenzene. The high porosity of cellulose aerogel led to the good conversions with the low catalyst amounts. The significance of the presented work is the introducing of an environmentally benign process for the oxidation reactions based on a biocompatible catalyst.
Quantitative ATR FT-IR Analysis of Surface Segregation of Polymer Blends of Polystyrene/Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)-co-polystyrene (1998)

The surface segregation of a series of two-component polymer blends of polystyrene/poly(dimethylsiloxane)-co-polystyrene has been studied by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy. We examined the details of calibration for quantitative ATR FT-IR. The quantitation is based on calibration of Beer's law by transmission FT-IR measurements. The effect of spectral distortion and penetration depth dependence of radiation wavelength due to ATR sampling is evaluated. ATR spectra are corrected for penetration depth dependence before being used for quantitation. The corrected ATR spectra were compared with the transmission spectra of the same samples. Peak area ratios using one peak from each component were measured for the determination of the concentration of surface poly(dimethylsiloxane). The correction and calibration procedure improves the accuracy of quantitative surface analysis in the range of micrometer sampling depth. Unlike other approaches for quantification of ATR data on polymers, this method can be used for systems with a complex, unknown concentration gradient near the surface such as the blend system reported here.
Measurement of the Decay of Fock States in a Superconducting Quantum Circuit (2008)

We demonstrate the controlled generation of Fock states with up to 15 photons in a microwave coplanar waveguide resonator coupled to a superconducting phase qubit. The subsequent decay of the Fock states, due to dissipation, is then monitored by varying the time delay between preparing the state and performing a number-state analysis. We find that the decay dynamics can be described by a master equation where the lifetime of the n-photon Fock state scales as 1/n, in agreement with theory. We have also generated a coherent state in the microwave resonator, and monitored its decay process. We demonstrate that the coherent state maintains a Poisson distribution as it decays, with an average photon number that decreases with the same characteristic decay time as the one-photon Fock state.
Process for cleaning and removal of sulfur compounds from low Btu fuel gases (1977)

Completion of the design of the electrical circuitry brings the design phase of the work to a virtual close. Minor design work remaining involves the air preheater, steam-CO/sub 2/ preheater, and sampling systems. Contracts were negotiated with a local firm for remodeling the support structure and increasing the exhaust stack height by 20 ft and with a Portland concern for fabrication of all pipe and equipment which must be alonized. The regeneration and extraction columns and trace heaters for which orders were placed earlier were received in good condition. In addition the Spectra Physics SP-4000 Central Processor (Integrator), SP-4050 Printer-Plotter, and two SP-4020 Data Interface Units to be utilized in control of gas chromatographs have been received. A theoretical analysis of the effect of an increase in pressure to 20 atm on the number of extraction and regeneration stages required is in progress. This process has so much flexibility in choice of salt composition and flow that little if any change in staging seems indicated. The complexity of this project has made it necessary to have recourse to planning techniques for effective management. A Precedence Diagram has been constructed to assist in control of scheduled work. Certain complex tasks identified in the Precedence Diagram have been diagrammed in greater detail by means of PERT techniques. Numerous minor tasks, e.g.,preparation of bid packages, supervision of contract awards, preparation of numerous small procurement orders (gaskets, nuts, bolts, small hardware), equipment modification, and site preparation were completed.
Fe57Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of the conducting poly (p-phenylene)-ferric chloride system (1985)

M\"ossbauer-effect measurements have been used to characterize the conducting polymer obtained by the oxidation of poly ($p$-phenylene) [$p\ensuremath{-}{({\mathrm{C}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{4})}_{x}$] with Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$. The $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectra show the existence of two distinctly different iron sites with M\"ossbauer parameters characteristic of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$. The isomer shift and $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ values of the principal site are within the range typically observed for Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{IS}}=0.30$ mm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}E=0.35$ mm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$). In the case of the second iron site, higher ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{IS}}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ values are observed: ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{IS}}=0.4$ mm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}E=1.10$ mm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Significant line broadening of the second site as compared with the linewidth of the principal one is indicative of a ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{IS}}$ and/or $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ distribution. From the temperature dependence of the absorption area of the principal site, the M\"ossbauer lattice temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{M}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ has been calculated in the framework of the Debye model in the high-temperature limit and within the thin-absorber approximation. The value obtained, ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{M}^{\ensuremath{'}}=88$ K, is low and suggests a very loose bonding between the inserted anions and the host polymer.
Reactivity of cyclopalladated compounds. Part 17. Influence of the donor atom in metallacyclic rings on the insertion of tert-butyl isocyanide and carbon monoxide into their palladium-carbon bonds. X-ray molecular structure of cyclo-[Pd(.eta.-(CN)-.mu.-C(C6H4CH2SMe):NBu-tert)Br]2 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of cyclopalladated compounds. Part 17. Influence of the donor atom in metallacyclic rings on the insertion of tert-butyl isocyanide and carbon monoxide into their palladium-carbon bonds. X-ray molecular structure of cyclo-[Pd(.eta.-(CN)-.mu.-C(C6H4CH2SMe):NBu-tert)Br]2Jairton. Dupont, Michel. Pfeffer, Jean Claude. Daran, and Yves. JeanninCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 4, 899–901Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00147a041https://doi.org/10.1021/om00147a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Explosive Compaction of Pure Iron Powder (1990)

Explosive compactions of pure electrolytic iron powder have been conducted using a cylindrically axisymmetric direct method. In the explosive compaction, the ratio of explosive mass to powder mass (E⁄M ratio) and the detonation velocity of explosives were changed to investigate their effects on the compactibility. The optimum compacts, where no cracks were included, were obtained at the E⁄M ratio between 2.5 and 3.0 using PAVEX (detonation velocity 2.3 km/s), and the specific density ratio of the optimum compact reached more than 99%. The compacting pressure estimated using the impedance matching method was about 4.5 GPa for the optimum compaction. On the contrary, no optimum compacts were obtained using SEP (detonation velocity 6.97 km/s), because the compacting pressure was changed drastically with the E⁄M ratio from under-compaction to over-compaction. This result indicates that the use of slow detonation velocity explosive was more favorable to obtain a crack-free compact. Although the tensile strength of the as-compacted material was about 40 MPa, it was increased to 300 MPa by post-sintering treatment at 1123 K for 900 s. The mechanical properties of the explosively compacted and sintered material were superior than those of the conventionally sintered material and were comparable to the melted material.
Aromatase Inhibition in the Dog. II. Effect on Growth, Function, and Pathology of the Prostate (1988)

To evaluate the role of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the effects of a potent, oral, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor [4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5a]pyridin-5yl)benzonitrile; CGS-16949A, CIBA-GEIGY] on canine BPH have been studied. Twelve mature beagles with enlarged prostates were divided into two groups of similar age, prostatic size, and prostatic histology. Dogs were given either CGS-16949A at a dosage of 2.5 mg./kg./day p.o. (n = 6) or an oral placebo (n = 6) for 25 weeks. Treatment with aromatase inhibitor had no significant effect on prostatic weight nor on total DNA content when compared to controls (p greater than 0.1). Semen volume did not change with treatment, and prostatic tissue concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) were similar for the treated and control beagles (p greater than 0.1). Protein concentration in the ejaculate, however, was significantly greater for the dogs receiving CGS-16949A (p less than 0.01). Histologically, there was no difference in the incidence or type of BPH between the two treatment groups. Beagles treated with aromatase inhibitor, however, did have a more severe inflammatory infiltrate of the prostatic parenchyma than the control dogs (p less than 0.01). The mean serum testosterone concentration for the beagles treated with aromatase inhibitor was 10 times greater than that for the control animals (p less than 0.01). The endocrine effect of this aromatase inhibitor in the male canine is presented in the preceding paper. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of endogenous aromatase activity is not an effective treatment for spontaneous BPH in the intact canine.
The challenge of MOEMS deformable mirror tested in cryo for future AO systems (2017)

MOEMS Deformable Mirrors (DM) are key components for next generation optical instruments implementing innovative adaptive optics systems, in existing telescopes and in the future ELTs. Characterizing these components well is critical for next generation instruments. This is done by interferometry, including surface quality measurement in static and dynamical modes, at ambient and in vacuum/cryo. We use a compact cryo-vacuum chamber designed for reaching 10-6 mbar and 160K, in front of our custom Michelson interferometer, able to measure performance of the DM at actuator/segment level and at the entire mirror level, with a lateral resolution of 2m and a sub-nanometer z-resolution. We tested the PTT 111 DM from Iris AO: an array of single crystalline silicon hexagonal mirrors with a pitch of 606m, able to move in tip, tilt and piston (stroke 5-7m, tilt +/-5mrad). The device could be operated successfully from ambient to 160K. An additional, mainly focus-like, 500 nm deformation of the entire mirror is measured at 160K; we were able to recover the best flat in cryo by correcting the focus and local tip-tilts on all segments, reaching 12nm rms. Finally, the goal of these studies is to test DMs in cryo and vacuum conditions as well as to improve their architecture for stable operation in harsh environment.
Quantitative Analysis and Optimization of Site-Specific Protein Bioconjugation in Mammalian Cells (2022)

Despite a range of covalent protein modifications, few techniques exist for quantification of protein bioconjugation in cells. Here, we describe a novel method for quantifying <i>in cellulo</i> protein bioconjugation through covalent bond formation with HaloTag. This approach utilizes unnatural amino acid (UAA) mutagenesis to selectively install a small and bioorthogonally reactive handle onto the surface of a protein. We utilized the fast kinetics and high selectivity of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloadditions to evaluate reactions of tetrazine phenylalanine (TetF) with strained <i>trans</i>-cyclooctene-chloroalkane (sTCO-CA) and <i>trans</i>-cyclooctene lysine (TCOK) with tetrazine-chloroalkane (Tet-CA). Following bioconjugation, the chloroalkane ligand is exposed for labeling by the HaloTag enzyme, allowing for straightforward quantification of bioconjugation via simple western blot analysis. We demonstrate the versatility of this tool for quickly and accurately determining the bioconjugation efficiency of different UAA/chloroalkane pairs and for different sites on different proteins of interest, including EGFP and the estrogen-related receptor ERRα.
Overexpression of CDC25B, CDC25C and phospho-CDC25C (Ser216) in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas are associated with malignant features and aggressive cancer phenotypes (2010)

Our results suggest that CDC25C and phospho-CDC25C (Ser216) play a crucial role and CDC25B a minor role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of vulvar carcinomas. CDC25B, CDC25C and phospho-CDC25C (Ser216) were associated with malignant features and aggressive cancer phenotypes. However, the CDC25s isoforms were not independently correlated to prognosis.
Secondary structure of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 rex-responsive element is essential for rex regulation of RNA processing and transport of unspliced RNAs (1990)

Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces cytoplasmic expression of unspliced gag/pol mRNA and singly spliced env mRNA and thus is essential for replication of the virus. This regulation requires a cis-acting rex-responsive element (RXE), located in the 3' region of the viral RNA. By external deletion, we have identified RXE composed of 205 nucleotides. The secondary structure of RXE was confirmed by studies on its susceptibility to nuclease digestions to consist of four stem-loops and a long stretch of stem structure. Substitution and deletion mutations revealed that two regions of the stem-loops and their secondary structures are essential for rex regulation. Similar secondary structures were found in the corresponding regions of HTLV-2, bovine leukemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Furthermore, a sequence of 11 nucleotides in the RXE was found to be conserved in the secondary structures of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and bovine leukemia virus. These observations suggest that the secondary structure as well as the conserved sequence may be important in expression of unspliced RNA even with diverged sequences as observed in these viruses.
Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: From Fundamentals to Applications. (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMetal–Organic Framework Thin Films: From Fundamentals to Applications.Angélique Bétard and Roland A. Fischer*View Author Information Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics and Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 2, 1055–1083Publication Date (Web):September 20, 2011Publication History Received12 May 2011Published online20 September 2011Published inissue 8 February 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200167vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200167vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33536Altmetric-Citations1031LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystallization,Crystals,Deposition,Metal organic frameworks,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Enzymatic conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to diglucuronide by rat liver plasma membranes. (1977)

Formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide from unconjugated bilirubin requires a microsomal enzyme, UDP-glucuronate glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17). Conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to bilirubin diglucuronide, the major bilirubin conjugate in bile, was studied in subcellular fractions of rat liver. The highest specific activity for bilirubin diglucuronide formation occurred in a fraction highly enriched in plasma membranes. Studies of reaction stoichiometry and utilization of UDP-D-[14C]glucuronic acid revealed that conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to bilirubin diglucuronide is not catalyzed by UDP-glucuronyltransferase, and results from transglucuronidation of bilirubin monoglucuronide, with formation of bilirubin diglucuronide and unconjugated bilirubin. When unconjugated bilirubin was infused intravenously into rats at rates exceeding the maximal hepatic excretory capacity, bilirubin monoglucuronide accumulated in serum and bilirubin diglucuronide was found exclusively in bile as the predominant bilirubin metabolite. These results suggest that formation of bilirubin diglucuronide occurs at the surface membrane of the liver cell. Conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to bilirubin diglucuronide may play a role in the transport of bilirubin glucuronides from liver to bile.
Quantitative, mechanistic and physiologically realistic approach to the biopharmaceutical design of oral drug delivery systems (1983)

The anatomical reserve length for the intestinal absorption of drugs is presented as the framework by which many physicochemical, physiological and dosage form factors are put into quantitative interrelationships. The concept is a basic science approach to the optimization of oral drug formulations and provides a perspective in the selection of strategies and options within established boundaries. The framework, thus far described here, provides the base upon which refinements and other considerations can be added.What is not covered here are considerations of absorption windows, which we have defined as that part of the small intestine where absorption occurs for special mechanistic reasons. The windows include the pH-absorption window, distribution of aqueous pore pathways along the intestinal tract, specialized membrane transport mechanisms, membrane distribution of enzyme systems and differences in transit times in the intestinal tract. We have omitted this interesting topic from the reserve length treatment since this has been discussed previously13. In the course of the theoretical discussions of the reserve length, various gaps in research were highlighted. We leave this to be further discussed by Professor W.I. Higuchi in this symposium book.
Naming names (2012)

The constraints imposed by available experimental data, and the need for precision, typically limits the eloquence of researchers. Scientists, however, indulge in their literary and poetic selves in the names that they bestow on genes and proteins, on organisms and diseases. We briefly review some familiar names in the Inside Passage, and explore their historical antecedents.
A systematic investigation of the phase assemblage and microstructure of the zirconolite CaZr1-xCexTi2O7 system (2020)

A series of zirconolite ceramics with nominal stoichiometry CaZr1-xCexTi2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) were synthesised under oxidizing, inert and reducing conditions, by a conventional solid-state cold press and sinter method. The evolution of phase assemblage and microstructure were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, Ce-L3 XANES and Raman spectroscopy techniques. It was determined that the relative yield of zirconolite-2M and zirconolite-4M polytypes, alongside secondary perovskite phases, was influenced by processing environment via the control of Ce3+/4+ speciation. Oxidizing conditions produced a mixture of zirconolite-2M and zirconolite-4M polytypes due to the formation of Ce4+. Inert and reducing conditions yielded predominantly zirconolite-2M and a Ce-bearing perovskite phase through favouring Ce3+ speciation.