gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile Robot Localization and Mapping with Uncertainty using Scale-Invariant Visual Landmarks (2002)

A key component of a mobile robot system is the ability to localize itself accurately and, simultaneously, to build a map of the environment. Most of the existing algorithms are based on laser range finders, sonar sensors or artificial landmarks. In this paper, we describe a vision-based mobile robot localization and mapping algorithm, which uses scale-invariant image features as natural landmarks in unmodified environments. The invariance of these features to image translation, scaling and rotation makes them suitable landmarks for mobile robot localization and map building. With our Triclops stereo vision system, these landmarks are localized and robot ego-motion is estimated by least-squares minimization of the matched landmarks. Feature viewpoint variation and occlusion are taken into account by maintaining a view direction for each landmark. Experiments show that these visual landmarks are robustly matched, robot pose is estimated and a consistent three-dimensional map is built. As image features are not noise-free, we carry out error analysis for the landmark positions and the robot pose. We use Kalman filters to track these landmarks in a dynamic environment, resulting in a database map with landmark positional uncertainty.
A New Construction for LDPC Codes using Permutation Polynomials over Integer Rings (2005)

A new construction is proposed for low density parity check (LDPC) codes using quadratic permutation polynomials over finite integer rings. The associated graphs for the new codes have both algebraic and pseudo-random nature, and the new codes are quasi-cyclic. Graph isomorphisms and automorphisms are identified and used in an efficient search for good codes. Graphs with girth as large as 12 were found. Upper bounds on the minimum Hamming distance are found both analytically and algorithmically. The bounds indicate that the minimum distance grows with block length. Near-codewords are one of the causes for error floors in LDPC codes; the new construction provides a good framework for studying near-codewords in LDPC codes. Nine example codes are given, and computer simulation results show the excellent error performance of these codes. Finally, connections are made between this new LDPC construction and turbo codes using interleavers generated by quadratic permutation polynomials.
Allocentric spatial and tactile memory impairments in rats with dorsal caudate lesions are affected by preoperative behavioral training. (1989)

Rats with caudate lesions and pretrained for 36 trials demonstrated impaired performance on the "reference memory" or invariant aspect of a 12-arm radial maze and normal performance on the "working memory" or variable aspect of the maze. Rats with caudate lesions and no pretraining were also impaired on an invariant tactile discrimination in a T maze, but they were not impaired on the variable goal-arm choice of the T maze. More extensive preoperative training ameliorated behavioral deficits of rats with caudate lesions in the T maze and radial arm maze. Results showed that behavioral impairment after damage to the caudate is not restricted to egocentric tasks as previously suggested, but the caudate seems to be involved in the initial acquisition of information that is invariant over many trials.
ChemInform Abstract: WITTIG REARRANGEMENTS OF ALLYL VINYLCYCLOPROPYLMETHYL ETHERS (1977)

Abstract Die aus den Allyl‐vinylcyclopropylmethyl‐äthern (I) hergestellten Anionen lagern sich in Alkohole und Aldehyde um.
Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Glucan Synthesis and Cellular Adherence of Cariogenic Streptococci (1990)

Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutatis MT8148 and Streptococcus sohrinus 6715DP and on sucrose-dependent adherence of the bacterial cells were examined in vitro. The glucan synthesis by the bacterial glucosyltransf erase was strongly inhibited by (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), the main components of the tea polyphenols. It was also demonstrated that ECg and EGCg interfered with the sucrose-dependent adherence of those bacterial cells at much smaller concentrations than those which were needed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria.
A keratin-based microparticle for cell delivery (2020)

Keratin-based biomaterials represent an attractive opportunity in the fields of wound healing and tissue regeneration, not only for their chemical and physical properties, but also for their ability to act as a delivery system for a variety of payloads. Importantly, keratins are the only natural biomaterial that is not targeted by specific tissue turnover-related enzymes, giving it potential stability advantages and greater control over degradation after implantation. However, in-situ polymerization chemistry in some keratin systems are not compatible with cells, and incorporation within constructs such as hydrogels may lead to hypoxia and cell death. To address these challenges, we envisioned a pre-formed keratin microparticle on which cells could be seeded, while other payloads (e.g. drugs, growth factors or other biologic compounds) could be contained within, although studies investigating the potential partitioning between phases during emulsion polymerization would need to be conducted. This study employs well-established water-in-oil emulsion procedures as well as a suspension culture method to load keratin-based microparticles with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Fabricated microparticles were characterized for size, porosity and surface structure and further analyzed to investigate their ability to form gels upon hydration. The suspension culture technique was validated based on the ability for loaded cells to maintain their viability and express actin and vinculin proteins, which are key indicators of cell attachment and growth. Maintenance of expression of markers associated with cell plasticity was also investigated. As a comparative model, a collagen-coated microparticle (Sigma) of similar size was used. Results showed that an oxidized form of keratin ("keratose" or "KOS") formed unique microparticle structures of various size that appeared to contain a fibrous sub-structure. Cell adhesion and viability was greater on keratin microparticles compared to collagen-coated microparticles, while marker expression was retained on both.
Guest-Induced Molecular Capsule Assembly of p-Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (2005)

Two new compact molecular capsules of p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene with sodium ions have been synthesized by inducing suitable guest molecules, 1,2-bis(imidazol-1‘-yl)ethane or 2,2‘-bipyridine. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that these supramolecular compounds possess open or close capsule conformations in a zigzag-like chain or a straight-line chain array. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies confirm that the above stable molecular capsules are present in solution. Their guest molecules in both compounds are well accommodated by p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene capsules via a variety of supramolecular interactions.
Seam Carving for Text Line Extraction on Color and Grayscale Historical Manuscripts (2014)

We propose a novel algorithm for automatic text line extraction on color and gray scale manuscript pages without prior binarization. Our algorithm is based on seam carving to compute separating seams between text lines. Seam carving is likely to produce seams that move through gaps between neighboring lines, if no information about the text geometry is incorporated into the problem. By constraining the optimization procedure inside the region between two consecutive text lines, we can produce robust separating seams that do not cut through word and line components. Extensive experimental evaluations on diverse manuscript pages show that we improve upon the state-of-the-art for grayscale text line extraction.
Defined bacterial culture development for methane generation from lactose (1988)

The defined microbial cultures for methane generation from lactose were investigated. A mixed culture consisting of homolactic (Streptococcus lactis), homoacetic (Clostridium formicoaceticum), and acetate-utilizing methanogenic (Methanococcus mazei) bacteria was used to convert lactose and whey permeate to methane at mesophilic temperatures (35-37 degrees C) and a pH around 7.0. Lactose was first converted to lactic acid by S. lactis, then to acetic acid by C. formicoaceticum, and finally to methane and CO(2) by M. mazei. About 5.3 mol methane were obtained from each mole of lactose consumed, and the conversion of acetate to methane was the rate-limiting step for this mixed-culture fermentation.
Combined frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic approach for tumors of the sphenoid wing and orbit (1990)

An extension of a combined frontotemporal and orbitozygomatic exposure was developed to remove 8 hyperostosing invasive sphenoid wing meningiomas (Group 1) and 11 complicated intraorbital tumors with and without intracranial extension (Group 2). Two separate bone flaps were created: a free frontotemporal-sphenoidal (pterional) bone flap and en bloc removal of the superior and lateral orbital margins with attached zygomatic arch. Cranio-orbital reconstruction was performed using the inner table of the pterional bone flap. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 14 patients and near total removal in 5. There was no mortality and in those patients who did not require orbital exenteration excellent to good cosmetic results were achieved in all but one case. This approach affords a wide exposure of the orbit and anterior and middle skull base, so that large tumors of the orbit and tumors involving the orbital apex, sphenoid wing, and infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae can be removed.
An Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Initiator Protein, Rep78, Catalyzes the Cleavage and Ligation of Single-Stranded AAV ori DNA (2000)

The Rep78 protein of adeno-associated virus (AAV) contains amino acid sequence motifs common to rolling-circle replication (RCR) initiator proteins. In this report, we describe RCR initiator-like activities of Rep78. We demonstrate that a maltose-binding protein (MBP)-Rep78 fusion protein can catalyze the cleavage and ligation of single-stranded DNA substrates derived from the AAV origin of replication. Rep-mediated single-stranded DNA cleavage was strictly dependent on the presence of certain divalent cations (e.g., Mn(2+) or Mg(2+)) but did not require the presence of a nucleoside triphosphate cofactor. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that binding of single-stranded DNA by MBP-Rep78 was influenced by the length of the substrate as well as the presence of potential single-stranded cis-acting sequence elements. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to examine the role of specific tyrosine residues within a conserved RCR motif (motif 3) of Rep78. Replacement of Tyr-156 with phenylalanine abolished the ability of MBP-Rep78 to mediate the cleavage and ligation of single-stranded DNA substrates but not the ability to stably bind single-stranded DNA. The cleaving-joining activity of Rep78 is consistent with the mechanism of replicative intermediate dimer resolution proposed for the autonomous parvoviruses and may have implications for targeted integration of recombinant AAV vectors.
Irritation potential of bath and shower oils before and after use: a double-blind randomized study (2004)

The results showed large differences between the products in irritant potential. Some did not irritate skin more than water, whereas others demonstrated considerably damaging effects. Moreover, the study proved the presence of barrier-impairing residues on the skin after rinsing with water. Thus, instead of protecting the skin, some formulations may induce subclinical injuries and delay skin barrier function recovery with prolonged risk for patients with eczema.
A comparison of simple low-power wedge-type X-band waveguide absorbing load implementations (2007)

Two inexpensive waveguide absorbing loads are constructed and measured, each using a single thin resistive sheet absorber supported by styrofoam walls, and 50mm in length. It is found that a V-cut wedge displays less reflection than a tapered wedge, with -30 dB reflection across a band 8.5 – 12.4 GHz.
Pathophysiological Significance of T-type Ca2+ Channels: Properties and Functional Roles of T-type Ca2+ Channels in Cardiac Pacemaking (2005)

Calcium channels are essential for excitation-contraction coupling and pacemaker activity in cardiac myocytes. While L-type Ca(2+) channels (LCC) have been extensively studied, functional roles of T-type channels (TCC) in native cardiac myocytes are still debatable. TCC are activated at more negative membrane potentials than LCC and therefore facilitate slow diastolic depolarization in sinoatrial node cells. Recent studies showed that selective inhibition of TCC produced a marked slowing of the pacemaker rhythm, indicating that contribution of TCC to cardiac automaticity was relatively larger than what had been speculated in previous studies. To re-evaluate TCC, we measured current density and kinetics of TCC in sinoatrial node cells of various mammalian species. Current density of TCC was larger in mice and guinea pigs than in rabbit and porcine sinoatrial node cells. Interestingly, few or no obvious TCC were recorded in porcine sinoatrial node cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that TCC could be enhanced by several vasoactive substances, thereby increasing spontaneous firing rate of sinoatrial node cells. TCC may, at least in part, account for different heart rates among various mammalian species. In addition, TCC might be involved in physiological and/or pathophysiological modulations of the heart rate.
On a Hybrid Preamble/Soft-Output Demapper Approach for Time Synchronization for IEEE 802.15.6 Narrowband WBAN (2015)

In this paper,we present a maximum likelihood(ML) based time synchronization algorithm for Wireless Body Area Networks(WBAN).The proposed technique takes advantage of soft information retrieved from the soft demapper for the time delay estimation.This algorithm has a low complexity and is adapted to the frame structure specified by the IEEE 802.15.6standard[1]for the narrowband systems.Simulation results have shown good performance which approach the theoretical mean square error limit bound represented by the Cramer Rao Bound(CRB).
Sputtered Aluminium-Nitrogen Solar Absorbing Selective Surfaces For All-Glass Evacuated Collectors (1986)

Five composite materials of Al-N have been prepared by dc magnetron reactive sputtering techniques. Good agreement is obtained between computed and experimentily measured reflec-tances and absorptances for Al-N/Al(AD). Solar absorptance of Al-N/A1 selective surface(HT) is - 0.92 and emittance - 0.04 at room temperature. Gas evolution from sputtered Al-N/Al has been studied using thermomanometry and mass spectrometry. The total outgassing from the surface is considerably low.
Adsorption/coprecipitation of trace elements from water with iron oxyhydroxide (1980)

This study has examined the adsorptive/coprecipitation behavior of several inorganic cations and anions in systems containing freshly precipitated x-ray amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. The project examined experimentally several simple, well-characterized model systems to establish type behavior in sufficient detail to allow interpretation of subsequent experimental work on less well-characterized waste materials. A prominent feature of this project was evaluation of the feasibility of utilizing iron-bearing waste liquids as source materials for the precipitation of amorphous iron oxyhydroxide in trace element removal processes. The roles of complexing ligands and competing metals and ligands, and their significance in controlling the distribution of trace elements at the solution/oxide interface have been characterized. From this research a new semi-quantitative model of oxide surfaces has been proposed, as well as a model to describe adsorption of various metal-ligand complexes. Experimental results indicate the adsorption/coprecipitation process with amorphous iron oxyhydroxide is feasible for removing trace elements from a variety of power plant waste streams. In addition, the feasibility of using an acid-metal cleaning waste containing high concentrations of dissolved iron as the iron source for coprecipitation of trace elements has been confirmed. The adsorptive removal of trace elements from real waste streams in complex systems (real wastes) using either reagent iron sources or acid-metal cleaning waste can be interpreted in terms of the generalized behavior of model systems. Trace elements considered included Zn, Cd, and Cu, selenites, chromates, and arsenates.
Scaled‐up separation of cellobiohydrolase1 from a cellulase mixture by ion‐exchange chromatography (2011)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose often involves cellulases produced by Trichoderma reesei, of which cellobiohydrolase1 (CBH1) is the most abundant (about 60% of total cellulases) and plays an important role in the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. A method for separating sufficient quantities from the bulk cellulase cocktail is highly desirable for many studies, such as those that aim to characterize binding and hydrolysis kinetics of CBH1. In this work, CBH1 was separated from other Spezyme CP cellulases by ion-exchange chromatography using an efficient modification of a smaller scale process. The ion-exchange column was connected to a vacuum manifold system to provide a steady flow through parallel columns and thus achieve scale-up for enzyme separation. With five 5-mL columns running in parallel, about 55 mg of CBH1 was separated from 145 mg of Spezyme CP in a single separation. Step elution was used to replace the continuous gradient used at smaller scale. The purified CBH1 was collected in the fraction eluted with a buffer containing 0.33 M salt and showed comparable purity and activity as the enzyme purified by a fast protein liquid chromatography system. The stability of separated CBH1 was studied for up to 2 days and good thermal stability was observed. Separated CBH1 also showed both high adsorption to bacterial microcrystalline cellulose with ~4 μmol/g maximum adsorption and a K(a) of 5.55 ± 2.34 μM(-1) , and good hydrolytic activity based on atomic force microscopy observations that show a reduction in fiber height.
Cold Resistance and Environmental Temperature Preference in Diarrheic Piglets (1986)

Piglets aged 12 to 72 h in which diarrhea had been induced by enteric Escherichia coli infection or sucrose gavage were studied with respect to cold resistance and thermal-circulation index in a 90-min test in a 6 C environment (Exp. 1) and free-choice environmental-temperature preference during a 60-min test in a 24 to 44 C thermocline (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, diarrhea lowered the piglet's ability to maintain body temperature during the cold test. Also, diarrheic piglets tended to have lower thermal circulation index values at the end of the cold test, indicative of a greater vasoconstrictive response to the cold environment. In Exp. 2, mean preferred environmental temperatures were 35.7, 34.9 and 34.5 C, respectively, for piglets in sham-control, E. coli-infected and sucrose-gavaged groups. For reason(s) still unknown, diarrheic piglets did not choose to locate themselves in a warmer niche than did normal piglets; in fact, they did the opposite. Results of the two experiments indicate that diarrheic neonatal piglets need even more attention and care in terms of the thermal environment than do healthy ones.
Effect of Proton Beam Energy on the Sensitivity and Contrast of Select Si-Containing Resists (1989)

Poly[γ-methacryloyloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane], or PMOTSS, is an intrinsically negative resist, although most poly(alkyl methacrylates) are positive resists. The inherent sensitivity of PMOTSS, expressed as the product of the electron beam gel dose and the weight-average molecular weight, DigMw, is comparable to those of the polyhalostyrenes. Although the PMOTSS homopolymer is rubbery, copolymers of MOTSS and halostyrenes (HS) are hard and glassy and suitable for use as the top, imaging layer of a bilayer resist for electron beam and masked ion beam lithography. The sensitivity of each copolymer is a function of its molecular weight and the inherent sensitivity and mole fraction of the HS. For each resist, the half-thickness sensitivity decreased and the contrast increased with increasing proton beam energy over the range of 90 to 250 keV. The sensitivity decreased and the contrast increased further for irradiation with 20 keV electrons. The influence of the proton beam energy is most pronounced for those copolymers that have the poorest sensitivity.
On Properties of Working Paths in Optimal Set of Survivable Paths. (2013)

A survivable path (W, P) between a pair of vertices xi,xj in undirected simple graph G is an ordered pair of edge-disjoint simple paths consisting of a working path W = xi...xj and a protection path P = xi...xj. An optimal set of survivable paths in graph G corresponds to a set of mesh-restored lightpaths defined on an optical network that minimizes the number of used optical channels. In this paper we present new properties of the working paths, which are contained in an optimal set of survivable paths in G.