gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Administration of drugs by infusion pumps in palliative medicine. (1994)

A retrospective study was carried out in 100 adult patients with advanced malignant disease. They were given subcutaneous continuous infusions of medication for symptom relief. The drugs were administered through a butterfly needle inserted subcutaneously in the anterior chest wall using a battery-operated infusion pump. The indications for using this technique were inability to swallow due to deteriorating general condition, oesophageal obstruction, intestinal obstruction, severe nausea and vomiting, terminal dyspnoea and poor pain control with oral opiates. All patients received morphine; other drugs administered through the syringe driver included hyoscine, metoclopramide, cyclizine, dexamethasone and midazolam. Ninety-four patients continued subcutaneous infusion until death. The mean duration of treatment was 9.1 days. The treatment was well tolerated by the patients and controlled their symptoms satisfactorily in the great majority. The use of continuous subcutaneous infusion via a syringe driver gives good symptom control. In the last days of life when the patients have difficulty tolerating oral medication, continuous subcutaneous infusion is a superior alternative to frequent intermittent parenteral injections.
Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: significance, etiopathogenesis, therapeutics and prevention (2008)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is multi-factorial and heterogeneous. Independent of the aetiology, this disease is characterized clinically by chronic and progressive dementia and histopathologically by neurofibrillary degeneration of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau seen as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads and dystrophic neurites, and by neuritic (senile) plaques of beta-amyloid. The neurofibrillary degeneration is apparently required for the clinical expression of AD, and in related tauopathies it leads to dementia in the absence of amyloid plaques. While normal tau promotes assembly and stabilizes microtubules, the abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau sequesters normal tau, MAP1 and MAP2, and disrupts microtubules. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau also promotes its self-assembly into tangles of paired helical and or straight filaments. Tau is phosphorylated by a number of protein kinases. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and cyclin dependent protein kinase 5 (cdk5) are among the kinases most implicated in the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau. Among the phosphatases which regulate the phosphorylation of tau, protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A), the activity of which is down-regulated in AD brain, is by far the major enzyme. The inhibition of abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for the development of disease modifying drugs. A great advantage of inhibiting neurofibrillary degeneration is that it can be monitored by evaluating the levels of total tau and tau phosphorylated at various known abnormally hyperphosphorylated sites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients, obtained by lumbar puncture. There are at least five subgroups of AD, each is probably caused by a different etiopathogenic mechanism. The AD subgroup identification of patients can help increase the success of clinical trials and the development of specific and potent disease modifying drugs.
A Case Report of Toxic Megacolon with Ulcerative Colitis in Old Age. (1996)

症例は72歳, 男性.下痢下血で発症, 大腸内視鏡検査にて全大腸炎型潰瘍性大腸炎を疑われた.保存的治療が開始されたが, 腹部X線撮影にて横行結腸の著明な拡張が出現, 中毒性巨大結腸症の診断で当科緊急入院となった.強力静注療法を行ったが全身状態は改善せず, 大腸亜全摘兼直腸粘液瘻・回腸瘻造設術を行った.結腸は著明に拡張菲薄化し, 術中横行結腸の一部で穿孔が生じた.術後, 集中治療の甲斐なく, 上部消化管大量出血, ARDS等を合併し死亡した.潰瘍性大腸炎は, 高齢者においても発症頻度の僅かなピークを形成しており, 高齢化社会である現在, 注意すべき疾患の一つである.高齢者の潰瘍性大腸炎に中毒性巨大結腸症を合併した場合には若年者における場合と比べてもきわめて救命率が低く, より迅速な診断と的確な治療が要求される.
Sol-Gel Optical Materials (1993)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
The LIGA technique and its potential for microsystems-a survey (1995)

The LIGA technique, which is being developed at the Research Center Karlsruhe, offers the possibility to manufacture microstructures with arbitrary lateral geometry, lateral dimensions down to below 1 /spl mu/m and aspect ratios up to 500 from a variety of materials (metals, plastics, and ceramics). The basic steps of X-ray lithography, electroplating, and plastic molding, are briefly described. Examples of applications of the LIGA technique are: optical components (high performance microspectrometer), mechanical components (acceleration sensor with integrated temperature compensation), and fluidic components (micropumps) which are presented and discussed. Microcomponents will be of limited interest in the future if it will not be possible to integrate them into microsystems. Microsystems must be more powerful than the sum total of their components. This is discussed in the final chapter of this article.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formation of chemical species and their effects on microorganisms using a pulsed high-voltage discharge in water (1996)

The primary mechanism for sterilization of microorganisms by high-voltage pulses has been considered to be an electrical breakdown of the cell membrane. However, it is expected that many kinds of chemically active species would be generated by an electrical discharge in a needle-plate or rod-rod electrode system. Therefore it is necessary to identify the chemical species produced by the discharge and to investigate lethal effects of the active species on microorganisms. In the present study, the formation of active species in water (without O/sub 2/ flow) and their effects on yeast cells were investigated using needle-plate electrodes. In the presence of the streamer discharge, H and OH radicals were detected by means of emission spectroscopic analysis of the discharge light. Hydrogen peroxide (H/sub 2/O/sub 2/) was also detected by absorption spectrophotometry using a reaction of peroxidase and catalase. The effect of the electrical conductivity of the water on the formation of the active species was investigated. Maximum /spl middot/OH and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentrations were obtained at a water conductivity of about 10/sup -5/ S/cm. The H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ formation mechanism was considered to be a recombination reaction of /spl middot/OH. The lethal effects on beer yeast of /spl middot/OH and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ generated by the pulsed electrical discharge in water were also investigated. It was found that /spl middot/OH had almost no effect in reducing the survivors. However, the H/sub 2/H/sub 2/ did kill the yeast cells: the logarithm of the survival ratio decreased linearly with increasing H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentration.
The "intelligent workstation" for cell-surface phenotyping based on principles of pattern recognition and image analysis. (1986)

Technical advancements in computer hardware and the associated computerized architectures allow the design and fabrication of dedicated, modestly expensive computerized workstations to aid humans in complex decision-making tasks. We refer to these as "Intelligent Workstations" because they accommodate the hypothesis-driven reasoning ability of the user into the system. Concomitant with the rapid developments in computers, diagnostic and therapeutic technologies related to cell analysis have undergone growth. Combining these technologies requires careful formulation and analysis of the diagnostic model involving image cytometry. Here we present a model of the intelligent workstation for image cytometry and illustrate its advantages in cell-surface phenotyping. Combining cell morphology with cell-surface phenotyping has clear diagnostic utility that no other widely available methods can supply. Although the reported results are based on samples of peripheral blood, cell suspensions of disaggregated cells can also be analyzed.
Characterisation of three aerobic bacteria isolated from NPEO-contaminated sludges (2026)

In this work, three aerobic bacteria were isolated from activated sludges contaminated by nonylphenol polyethoxylates and characterised. Two of them, namely BCaL1 and BCaL2 were Gram negative rods, the third, VA160, was a Gram positive bacterium with a rhizoid colony shape. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNAs showed that the three strains could be assigned to Acinetobacter (BCaL1) Stenotrophomonas (BCaL2) and Bacillus (VA160) genera. Their degradation ability towards commercial mixtures of nonylphenol ethoxylates, in particular towards a mixture having an average ethoxylation degree of five, was investigated in aerobic batch culture conditions. Results showed that the Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas strains were both able to degrade some components of the surfactant mixture. On the contrary Bacillus VA160 did not exhibit any detectable biodegradation activity, but, when co-cultured with the other two strains, it was capable of positively affecting their degradation ability.
569 Targeting IL-15 delivery to PD-L1 expressing tumors with an Anti-PD-L1-IL-15 cytokine fusion IgM to enhance T Cell and NK Cell Mediated tumor cytotoxicity (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Therapeutic antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 have demonstrated clinical efficacy though only a fraction of patients respond. Combinations are being explored to enhance responses including anti-PD-1/PD-L1 IgG antibodies with IL-15-pathway stimulating agents to remove PD-1 immunosuppressive signaling and enhance anti-tumor NK and memory CD8 T cell expansion and survival. We have engineered an anti-PD-L1 pentameric high affinity, high avidity IgM, to target low PD-L1 expressing tumors, with an IL-15 superagonist fused to the joining (J) chain. <h3>Methods</h3> An anti-PD-L1 IgM was generated by grafting heavy chain variable regions of a high affinity IgG onto the IgM heavy chain framework and co-expressed with the light chains. The IL-15 superagonist fused to the J chain generated PDL1-ISA. Anti-PD-L1 binding was performed using recombinant antigen ELISAs and on cells by FACS. Reporter assays and PBMCs were used for potency testing. Cytokines were evaluated by CBA assays. In vitro cytotoxicity assays used luciferase tagged MDA-MB-231 cells with PBMCs, NK or CD8 T cells. Pharmacodynamic and efficacy studies were conducted in syngeneic and humanized mouse models. <h3>Results</h3> The parental anti-PD-L1 IgM antibody bound recombinant and cellular PD-L1 more potently than an IgG antibody with the same binding domain. In functional PD-L1 and PD-1 blocking studies the anti-PD-L1 IgM was as efficacious as the IgG. PDL1-ISA provided a potent proliferation signal to primary human NK and CD8 T cells in vitro with little/no impact on regulatory or CD4 T cells. Limited cytokines were detected following 3–4 days culture with human PBMCs. PDL1-ISA had similar potencies for both human and cynomolgus CD8 T cells, and a 2–3-fold lower potency for mouse cells. Pharmacodynamic studies in humanized and BALB/c mice showed transient and dose-dependent increases in circulating NK and CD8 T cells. PDL1-ISA enhanced in vitro killing of PD-L1 positive MDA-MB-231-Luc cells by human PBMCs, CD8 T and NK cells compared to the anti-PD-L1 IgM (no IL-15). PDL1-ISA also demonstrated efficacy in a hPD-L1-CT26 HuCELL mouse model, with most treated animals having complete tumor regressions. Durable anti-tumor immune memory responses were observed upon tumor re-challenge. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have engineered an IL-15 immunostimulatory anti-PD-L1 IgM antibody that binds PD-L1 more potently than an IgG, stimulates NK and CD8 expansion in vitro and in vivo and induces complete tumor regressions in mouse models. This approach may enhance tumor localization of immunostimulatory cytokine IL-15 though the high affinity and high avidity binding to PD-L1 to improve anti-tumor responses and minimize toxicity.
Agnostic Evaluation of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Association: A Metanalysis. (2020)

Abstract Background. Ipilimumab and Nivolumab, targeting the molecules CTLA-4, PD-1, respectively, have shown efficacy against several types of cancer. Despite these results, only a small percentage of patients maintain a long-lasting effect. Even Ipilimumab, in combination with nivolumab, has demonstrated a significant clinical benefit in multiple tumor types. However, no trial has been designed with the primary endpoint to compare the efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined, compared to nivolumab alone. Hence, the added value of ipilimumab in the combination has not clearly been established yet. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the superiority of the combination strategy compared to single agent therapy. Materials and methods. We performed a meta-analysis of Phase I-II-III Clinical Trials, published from 2010 up to 2020, in which the combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab was compared to nivolumab alone. We extracted ORR, OS and PFS HR on the basis of treatment from the subgroup analysis of each trial. Results. A total of 8 trials were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall, 1313 patients were treated with the nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination compared to 1110 patients treated with nivolumab alone. All trials reported the Objective response rate (ORR) (Table 2), no heterogeneity was found and the pooled Odds Ratio (Figure 1) was highly in favor of the nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination with respect to nivolumab alone (1.683; 95% CI: 1.407-2.012; P&lt;0.0001). Three studies were considered for Progression free survival (PFS) analysis (Table 3), no heterogeneity was found and the pooled Hazard Ratio (Figure 2) favored the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab with respect to nivolumab alone (0.807; 95% CI: 0.719-0.907; P&lt;0.0001). The Overall survival (OS) endpoint was considered only in 2 trials (Table 4), no heterogeneity was found and the pooled HR (Figure 3) favored, also in this case, the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab with respect to nivolumab alone (0.87; 95% CI: 0.763-0.997; P=0.045). Conclusions. The combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab seems to be superior to nivolumab alone in cancer patients, regardless of histology.
In vivo metabolic fate of [14C]‐acetamiprid in six biological compartments of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L (2005)

The in vivo metabolism of acetamiprid was studied in the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. The distribution of acetamiprid and its metabolites was monitored over a 72-h period in six biological compartments: head, thorax, abdomen, haemolymph, midgut and rectum. Honeybees were treated orally with 100 microg [14C]-acetamiprid kg(-1) bee, a dose which is about 1500 times lower than the median lethal dose. After 72 h, only 40% of the total radioactivity was eliminated, suggesting that acetamiprid and its metabolites tended to persist in the honeybee. Acetamiprid was rapidly distributed in all compartments and metabolized. Just after administration, radioactivity was mainly localized in the abdomen and subsequently in the rectum. After 72 h, the maximum amount of radioactivity (about 20% of the ingested dose) was detected again in the abdomen, whereas the lowest level of total radioactivity was detected in the haemolymph. Radioactivity in the head did not exceed 7.6% of total ingested radioactivity. More than 50% of acetamiprid was metabolised in less than 30 min, indicating a very short half-life for the compound. During the first hours, acetamiprid was mainly detected in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-rich tissues: abdomen, thorax and head. Of the seven metabolites detected, the major ones were 6-choronicotinic acid and an unknown metabolite called U1, which was present mainly in the rectum, the thorax and the head. Our results indicate that the low toxicity of acetamiprid may reflect its rapid metabolism.
Highly elastic and mechanically robust polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and adhesiveness for high-performance lithium metal batteries (2021)

A stretchable, elastic and mechanically robust polymer electrolyte with adhesiveness is reported to possess high ionic conductivity, allowing the LiFePO<sub>4</sub>‖Li battery to be stably cycled for 450 cycles with discharge capacity of 133 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5C.
ChemInform Abstract: A Derivative of 1,3‐Indandione from Phthalaldehyde. (1988)

Abstract Treatment of phthalic aldehyde (I) with sodium methoxide gives a mixture of the compounds (II) ‐ (IV) as a result of intramolecular Cannizzaro and subsequent reactions.
Measurement and Prediction of Tree Growth Reduction from Tree Planting Space Design in Established Parking Lots (2004)

Five species of trees were measured in 12- to 27-year-old parking lots in north-central Florida, U.S. Tree species evaluated were Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.), live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), shumard oak (Q. shumardii Britton), and laurel oak (Q. laurifolia Michx.). Tree growth in the parking lot planting zones was reduced as the surface area of nonpaved surface was reduced for all trees except live oak. Regression models yielded significant relationships with prediction value between parking lot detail space openings and tree size, measured by diameter at breast height or by canopy radius. Normalization of the data within the site allowed for multiple site analysis. A method for generating similar data is introduced for development of regionally species-specific growth reduction multipliers. Those multipliers can be used to better meet long-term canopy expectations or to advocate for larger planting zones.
The Effect of Isentropic Exponent on Transonic Turbine Performance (2019)

Abstract The isentropic exponent is one of the most important properties affecting gas dynamics. Nonetheless, its effect on turbine performance is not well known. The paper discusses a series of experimental and computational studies to determine the effect of isentropic exponent on the flow field within a turbine vane. Experiments are performed using a newly modified transient wind tunnel which enables annular cascade testing with a wide range of working fluids and operating conditions. For the present study tests are undertaken using air, CO2, R134a and argon, giving a range of isentropic exponent from 1.08–1.67. Measurements include detailed wall static pressures which are compared with computational simulations. Our results show that over the range of isentropic exponents tested here, the loss can vary by between 20%–35%, depending on vane exit Mach number. The results are important for future turbines operating with real-gas effects and/or those where high gas temperatures can lead to variations in isentropic exponent.
Evaluation of locomotive syndrome in patients receiving surgical treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: A multicentre prospective study using the new criteria (2021)

The new LS stage criteria are appropriate, and the 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale is a good option for evaluating patients requiring surgery.
Altered growth patterns in vitro of human papillary transitional carcinoma cells. (1983)

In vitro growth patterns and morphologic characteristics of five low-grade human papillary transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) were compared and contrasted with those of normal human urothelial cells in culture. Biopsies of TCC were performed by transurethral resection. Specimens of normal human ureters were obtained surgically. Singly dispersed TCC cells grew in 0.3% agarose semisolid medium with a cloning efficiency ranging from 0.02% to 0.71%. Singly dispersed normal ureteral urothelial cells under the same conditions did not form colonies in 0.3% agarose. Neither singly dispersed TCC nor normal urothelial cells formed colonies when plated on collagen-gel substrates. In primary explant culture, normal human urothelial cells grew rapidly, to form tightly adherent flat sheets of apparently nonmotile cells. Autoradiographic labeling with 3H-thymidine of growing cultures of normal urothelial cells showed cell division primarily in the zones of growth near the explant. Outgrowth of TCC from primary explants was loosely adherent. One TCC explant culture gave rise to a continuous suspension culture. Numerous multilayered cellular formations of fronds, nodules, and "walls" were seen around the periphery of TCC explant colonies. Autoradiography showed that these multilayered areas of TCC growth contained actively dividing cells. The altered ability of papillary TCC to form superficial multilayered formations in vitro distinguishes them from normal human urothelium and reflects the morphologic characteristic of this tumor type in vivo.
Compressive stress-mediated p38 activation required for ERα + phenotype in breast cancer (2021)

Breast cancer is now globally the most frequent cancer and leading cause of women's death. Two thirds of breast cancers express the luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ERα + ) phenotype that is initially responsive to antihormonal therapies, but drug resistance emerges. A major barrier to the understanding of the ERα-pathway biology and therapeutic discoveries is the restricted repertoire of luminal ERα + breast cancer models. The ERα + phenotype is not stable in cultured cells for reasons not fully understood. We examine 400 patient-derived breast epithelial and breast cancer explant cultures (PDECs) grown in various three-dimensional matrix scaffolds, finding that ERα is primarily regulated by the matrix stiffness. Matrix stiffness upregulates the ERα signaling via stress-mediated p38 activation and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation. The finding that the matrix stiffness is a central cue to the ERα phenotype reveals a mechanobiological component in breast tissue hormonal signaling and enables the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Subject terms: ER-positive (ER + ), breast cancer, ex vivo model, preclinical model, PDEC, stiffness, p38 SAPK.
Mithramycin Depletes Specificity Protein 1 and Activates p53 to Mediate Senescence and Apoptosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells (2015)

These findings provide preclinical rationale for phase II evaluation of mithramycin in patients with mesothelioma.