gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amitriptyline in Migraine Prophylaxis (1979)

In a controlled trial of amitriptyline hydrochloride in migraine prophylaxis, 100 patients received placebo for a four-week baseline period and then were randomized in double-blind fashion to therapy with amitriptyline (47 subjects) or placebo (53 subjects) for another four to eight weeks. Subjects received up to four 25-mg tablets of amitriptyline hydrochloride or identical placebo per day. Comparing the first and second four-week periods for each patient, the conditions of 55.3% of amitriptyline subjects as opposed to 34.0% of placebo subjects were greater than or equal to 50% improved and the difference between amitriptyline and placebo response rates was significant (P less than .05). Nondepressed subjects with severe migraine and depressed subjects with less severe migraine responded best to amitriptyline, whereas depressed subjects with severe migraine had little headache relief. Amitritryline is an effective antimigraine agent and the antimigraine effect seems relatively independent of antidepressant activity.
A steady state voltage monitoring and control algorithm using localized least square minimization of load voltage deviations (1996)

This paper describes recent work on the theoretical and algorithmic enhancements of the MIT method for power system steady-state voltage monitoring and control. Under the conditions that no dynamic voltage problems are present, the method is intended primarily: to monitor steady-state voltage and reactive power conditions; to identify potential problem situations; and to make decisions regarding their severity. The developed method utilizes various reactive power resources on the power system to remedy voltage violations. The corrective actions suggested are either in the order assigned by the operator or according to efficiency criteria, determined by this algorithm. The corrective actions ensure minimum possible voltage deviations from a given desired voltage profile. Corrective actions are considered to be optimal in this sense. The method has the unique feature of identifying minimum number of most effective corrective actions so that voltages are maintained within the given limits. The method does not solve the exact load flow equations, and therefore it avoids inversion of a full system size matrix. Reactive power scheduling is computed so that the resulting load voltages, are within pre-specified target values. The computational time does not increase significantly with increase of power system size, since no inversion of a system size matrix is needed. Numerical tests on a small and large scale electric power system (IEEE 39 and New England 1726) are presented and analyzed.
Writer dependent recognition of on-line unconstrained handwriting (2002)

In this paper, we present a framework for adapting a writer independent system to a user from samples of the user's writing. The writer independent system is modeled using hidden Markov models. Training for a writer involves recomputing the topology and parameters of the hidden Markov models using the writer's data. The framework uses the writer independent system to get an initial alignment of the writer's data. The system described reduces the error rate by an average of 65%. For the results presented, no language model was used.
Increase of HIV-1 Pro-Viral Dna per Million Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease (Cd4<200 Cells/Mm3) Receiving Interleukin 2 Combined with Haart Versus Haart Alone (Anrs-082 Trial) (2003)

Administration of IL-2 combined with HAART in HIV-1 infected-patients with advanced disease led to an increase of HIV-1 pro-viral DNA per million PBMC without virological failure or emergence of resistance.
Tracking the embryonic stem cell transition from ground state pluripotency (2016)

Summary Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are locked into self-renewal by shielding from inductive cues. Release from this ground state in minimal conditions offers a system for delineating developmental progression from naive pluripotency. Here we examined the initial transition of ES cells. The population behaves asynchronously. We therefore exploited a short-half-life Rex1::GFP reporter to isolate cells either side of exit from naive status. Extinction of ES cell identity in single cells is acute. It occurs only after near-complete elimination of naïve pluripotency factors, but precedes appearance of lineage specification markers. Cells newly departed from the ES cell state exhibit global transcriptome features consistent with features of early post-implantation epiblast and distinct from primed epiblast. They also exhibit a genome-wide increase in DNA methylation, intermediate between early and late epiblast. These findings are consistent with the proposition that naïve cells transition to a discrete formative phase of pluripotency preparatory to lineage priming. Highlights The Rex1 destabilized GFP reporter demarcates naive pluripotency. Exit from the naive state is asynchronous in the population. Transition is relatively acute in individual cells and precedes lineage priming. Transcriptome and DNA methylome reflect events in the pre-gastrulation embryo.
New synthesis of 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives (1977)

N-Phenylsalicylohydroxamic acids, salicylohydroxamic acids, o- hydroxyacetophenone oximes and salicylaldoximes gave the corresponding N-phenyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-3(2H)-ones, 1,2-benzisoxazol-3-ols, 3-methyl- 1,2-benzisoxazoles and 1,2-benzisoxazoles when treated with thionyl chloride in the presence of dry pyridine in anhydrous ether at 0°C.
A new method for increasing the reliability of multiversion software systems using software breeding (2002)

The paper proposes a new method for increasing the reliability of multiversion software systems. The software using software breeding is more reliable than one using N version programming. But software breeding is not suitable for real time application because program versions are executed several times for detecting faulty modules. In the proposed method, the detection of faulty modules is performed in the background when program versions fail and the software continues the execution in the foreground. When the detection of faulty modules is finished, the combination of module versions in program versions are changed. Ten simulations, each of which executed program versions 10/sup 6/ times, were performed to analyse the effectiveness of the new method. This resulted in the reduction of the number of failures to range from 33% to 76% with an average of 56%.
Isolation of Alpaca Anti-Hapten Heavy Chain Single Domain Antibodies for Development of Sensitive Immunoassay (2011)

Some unique subclasses of Camelidae antibodies are devoid of the light chain, and the antigen binding site is comprised exclusively of the variable domain of the heavy chain (VHH). Although conventional antibodies dominate current assay development, recombinant VHHs have a high potential as alternative reagents for the next generation of immunoassay. We expressed VHHs from an immunized alpaca and developed a VHH-based immunoassay using 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a major metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides as a model system. A phage VHH library was constructed, and seven VHH clones were selected by competitive binding with 3-PBA. The best immunoassay developed with one of these VHHs showed an IC(50) of 1.4 ng/mL (limit of detection (LOD) = 0.1 ng/mL). These parameters were further improved by using the phage borne VHH, IC(50) = 0.1 ng/mL and LOD = 0.01 ng/mL. Both assays showed a similar tolerance to methanol and dimethylsulfoxide up to 50% in assay buffer. The assay was highly specific to 3-PBA and its 4-hydroxylated derivative, 4-hydroxy 3-PBA, (150% cross reactivity) with negligible cross reactivity with other tested structural analogues, and the recovery from spiked urine sample ranged from 80 to 112%. In conclusion, a highly specific and sensitive VHH for 3-PBA was developed using sequences from immunized alpaca and phage display technology for antibody selection.
SEU Testing of SiGe Bipolar and BiCMOS Circuits (2010)

Bipolar and BiCMOS divider circuits were tested using heavy ions to determine their sensitivity to single-event effects (SEE) in terms of differences in cross-section and upset duration. No single-event latchups (SEL) were observed under any conditions. A triple-mode-redundant (TMR) design was found to be effective in reducing the SEE cross section and preventing phase-shift upsets which were the dominant upset type in the non-hardened design.
Neuregulin and BDNF Induce a Switch to NMDA Receptor-Dependent Myelination by Oligodendrocytes (2013)

Myelination is essential for rapid impulse conduction in the CNS, but what determines whether an individual axon becomes myelinated remains unknown. Here we show, using a myelinating coculture system, that there are two distinct modes of myelination, one that is independent of neuronal activity and glutamate release and another that depends on neuronal action potentials releasing glutamate to activate NMDA receptors on oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Neuregulin switches oligodendrocytes from the activity-independent to the activity-dependent mode of myelination by increasing NMDA receptor currents in oligodendrocyte lineage cells 6-fold. With neuregulin present myelination is accelerated and increased, and NMDA receptor block reduces myelination to far below its level without neuregulin. Thus, a neuregulin-controlled switch enhances the myelination of active axons. In vivo, we demonstrate that remyelination after white matter damage is NMDA receptor-dependent. These data resolve controversies over the signalling regulating myelination and suggest novel roles for neuregulin in schizophrenia and in remyelination after white matter damage.
Reply to Comment by Robock et al. on “Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapon Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based on Detailed Source Calculations” (2019)

Key Points firestorms are difficult to form black carbon source scales in a nonlinear fashion with regard to fuel load Reisner et al.'s paper was indeed the worst case
The Vasorelaxant Action of Parathyroid Hormone Fragments on Isolated Rat Tail Artery (1985)

Previous studies have demonstrated that parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its 1-34 amino terminal fragment possess a hypotensive action in vivo which appeared to be direct and dose-dependent. However, attempts to demonstrate the phenomenon in isolated vascular tissue have been minimally successful at best. The present study reports that bovine PTH-(1-34) can relax isolated rat tail artery helical strips precontracted by either arginine vasopressin, depolarizing concentrations of potassium chloride, or norepinephrine. The phenomenon occurs in a dose-dependent manner and is not dependent upon the presence of the endothelial lining of the vessels. These studies support the hypothesis that bovine PTH-(1-34) produces a direct vasorelaxant action mainly in small arteries.
Factors Affecting Solubilization of Phosphorus and Nitrogen through Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manure (2020)

This work evaluates the nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) recovery from cow manure by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of reaction time (5, 30, and 120 min), temperature (170, 200, and 230 °C), and the addition of acids (citric acid and HCl) at several concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M) on the solubilization of phosphate and organic nitrogen to the aqueous phase. Statistical analysis of the experimental results revealed a significant effect of reaction temperature, acid addition, and acid concentration on phosphate extraction. Within the range of conditions studied, low HTC temperature and addition of either citric acid or HCl resulted in enhanced phosphate recovery in the aqueous phase. The maximum P solubilization (98% of the total P) in the aqueous phase occurred at 170 °C with the addition of citric acid. On the other hand, the results indicate only a minor effect of the experimental conditions with respect to N solubilization. The nitrogen mass balance showed that roughly 60% of the overall N was extracted into the aqueous phase.
Comparative Feeding on Chlorophyll-Rich Versus Remaining Organic Matter in Bivalve Shellfish (2013)

Filter feeding was compared in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, Chinese pleated oyster Crassostrea plicatula, Chinese scallop Chlamys farreri,Manila clam Tapes phillipinarum, razor clam Sinonvacula constricta, and blood cockle Tegillarca granosa over 95 dietary conditions across nine locations in Europe and China. Conditions included natural seawater enhanced, on occasion, with variable additions of microalgal monoculture and/or natural silt collected from the surface of nearby mudflats, thereby ensuring that diets ranged from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic (>325 µg chlorophyll a/L) and highly turbid (>1,250 mg total particulate matter/L). Building on past insights into differential particle processing, we resolved the availability, filtration, and ingestion of organic matter rich in chlorophyll a, and which matter is known to be ingested selectively, from all remaining organics, such as detritus, bacteria, protozoans, and/or colloids. The forms of fitted relations that best described feeding responses were different for chlorophyll-rich versus remaining organics, that difference being consistent in all eight bivalve species, including when measured in the same species across different locations. Throughout, positive linear relations between net ingestion of chlorophyll-rich organic matter and the availability of that chlorophyll-rich organic matter indicated that each species ingested constant proportions of the organics associated with chlorophyll a, with no limitation evident to such ingestion over our experimental range. Alternatively, ingestion of the remaining organics by each species increased as saturating functions of the availability of those remaining organics alone. Differences were evident between species both in the proportions of available chlorophyll-rich organic matter that were ingested and in saturated ingestion rates for the remaining organics. Comparison of those differences suggests an evolutionary trade-off among species between their relative abilities to process chlorophyll-rich versus remaining organics. Differences also suggest congeneric adaptation to natural habitat, impressing a need for careful appraisal of each and every bivalve species. Significant costs of particle sorting, digestion, and absorption, evidenced as metabolically derived material egested and assayed within feces, were greatest in species with higher saturated capacities for the ingestion of remaining organics. Last, we describe how, compared with predictions based on chlorophyll a or total particulate organic matter alone, our approach resolving coincident differential availabilities and processing of chlorophyll-rich versus remaining organic matter has improved the accuracy of growth simulations when applying single calibrations of the generic shellfish model ShellSIM across coastal habitats that contrast in seston composition.
Alignment of Segmented Neutron Focusing Mirror by Precise Adjustment of Spacers Beneath Kelvin Clamp (2016)

This paper proposes an alignment method for assembling a segmented neutron focusing mirror. Each of the segments of the mirror is mounted on a Kelvin clamp, which is a kinematic clamp composed of three constraints: a point, a line, and a plane constraint. Each of these components is jointly fastened with an aluminum spacer. Thicknesses of the spacers are precisely adjusted by diamond turning, to reduce the relative position/angle errors between segments. The paper also includes results of an actual alignment.
New Non-cyclic Homo-diterpene from the Sting Glands ofBracon hebetorSay (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1990)

Journal Article New Non-cyclic Homo-diterpene from the Sting Glands of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Get access Jun-ichi Fukushima, Jun-ichi Fukushima Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasumasa Kuwahara, Yasumasa Kuwahara Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akifumi Yamada, Akifumi Yamada Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahisa Suzuki Takahisa Suzuki Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 3, 1 March 1990, Pages 809–810, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10869987 Published: 01 March 1990 Article history Received: 06 September 1989 Published: 01 March 1990
(Invited) Electron Transport in Bulk and 2DEGs in beta-Ga2O3 and kV Class Laterals Device in beta-Ga2O3 (2020)

Monoclinic beta-Ga 2 O 3 and (Al x Ga 1-x ) 2 O 3 alloys are an emerging ultra-widebandgap semiconductor system for next generation power, GHz power switching and RF applications. In this talk, we will present the low field and high field transport simulations in Ga2O3 using first-principles calculations. Density functional theory calculations is used to get the band structure. The density functional perturbation theory is used to understand the lattice dynamics and identify the infrared (IR) active and Raman active phonon modes. Electron-phonon scattering rates are calculated Boltzmann transport equation is solved to calculate the low field mobility, velocity-field profiles and the impact ionization coefficients. The effect of dynamic screening on the electron mobility is evaluated in a two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) system in (AlxGa1-x)2O3/Ga2O3 heterostructures. We will also report the Ga2O3 based power and RF devices. MOSFETs with spin-doping source/drain and n+ ohmic capped layers will be presented. kV breakdown voltages are seen with the devices limited by extrinsic breakdown. Temperature dependent characteristics show potential for high temperature applications.
Localization of cytosolically oriented maleimide-reactive domain of vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase. (1994)

The vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) of plant cells is subject to substrate (Mg2PPi)-protectable, free PPi-potentiated irreversible inhibition by the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Inhibition by NEM approximates pseudo-first order kinetics and double-log plots of the first order rate constant for inactivation versus NEM concentration yield a straight line relationship with a slope of approximately unity. Since NEM and the membrane-impermeant cysteine reagent 3-(N-maleimidylpropionyl)biocytin (MPB) inhibit the V-PPase with similar kinetics and compete for a common binding site on the M(r) = 66,000 substrate-binding subunit, a single residue located in a cytosolically disposed extramembranous domain is inferred to undergo covalent modification in both cases. Selective labeling of the V-PPase of vacuolar membrane vesicles with [14C]NEM, purification of the M(r) = 66,000 subunit, and its digestion with V8 protease generates multiple peptide fragments. Of the bands identified after electrophoresis of the digests on Tris-Tricine gels, only one, migrating at M(r) = 14,000 (V814K), contains 14C label. Gas-phase sequence analysis of this band after electrotransfer to Immobilon PSQ yields two overlapping sequences (V814K2 and V814K2) which unambiguously align with the carboxyl-terminal segment of the M(r) = 66,000 subunit. Both V814K1 and V814K2 encompass only 1 cysteine residue at position 634 which is conserved between the V-PPases from Arabidopsis thaliana, Beta vulgaris (isoforms 1 and 2), and Hordeum vulgare. On the basis of these findings, the strict conservation of the sequence of the V-PPase from multiple plant sources, and the identical kinetics of interaction of the enzymes from Vigna and Beta with NEM and MPB, Cys634 of putative hydrophilic loop X is concluded to be the cytosolically oriented residue whose alkylation by maleimides is responsible for inactivation of the V-PPase. The significance of these results with respect to earlier speculations concerning the identity of the catalytic site and topology of the V-PPase is discussed.
A Cellular Stress Model for the Sequestration of Redox‐Active Glial Iron in the Aging and Degenerating Nervous System (1995)

The mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of redox-active brain iron in normal senescence and in Parkinson's disease remain poorly understood. The aminothiol compound cysteamine (CSH) induces the appearance of autofluorescent, iron-rich cytoplasmic granules in cultured astroglia that are identical to glial inclusions that progressively accumulate in the aging periventricular brain. Both in situ and in culture, these glial inclusions appear to arise in the context of a generalized cellular stress (heat shock) response. Several laboratories have previously concluded that porphyrins and heme ferrous iron are responsible, respectively, for redorange autofluorescence and nonenzymatic peroxidase activity in the glial inclusions. In the present study we found that, contrary to hypothesis, CSH suppresses the incorporation of the heme precursors delta-amino[14C]-levulinic acid and [14C]glycine into astroglial porphyrin and heme in primary culture. Similar results were obtained when the cells were preloaded with radiolabeled heme precursors for 24 h before CSH treatment, suggesting that the latter directly inhibits porphyrin-heme biosynthesis rather than limiting precursor uptake by these cells. We also demonstrated that CSH exposure results in the sequestration of iron-59 by astroglial mitochondria (granule precursors). The results of this study suggest that stress-related trapping of nonheme iron by astroglial mitochondria may be an important mechanism underlying the pathological accumulation of redox-active iron in the basal ganglia of subjects with Parkinson's disease. CSH-treated astrocytes provide a useful model to investigate the role of stress-related dysregulation of neuroglial iron metabolism in the aging and degenerating nervous system.