gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Sonogashira Coupling of Unprotected Halonucleosides in Aqueous Solvents Using Water‐Soluble Palladium Catalysts (2010)

Abstract A variety of applications of C ‐alkynylated nucleosides has prompted the continuing development of efficient synthetic methods for their preparation. We report an efficient andenvironmentally benign Sonogashira coupling reaction for alkynylation of unprotected halonucleosides in an aqueous solvent. The combination of Pd(OAc) 2 , CuI, and TXPTS [trisodium tri(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐sulfonatophenyl)phosphane] provided an effective catalyst for the alkynylation of 8‐bromopurines and 5‐iodouridine in H 2 O/CH 3 CN (1:1) in yields ranging from 42 to 98 %.
Divergent Proteomic Responses Offer Insights into Resistant Physiological Responses of a Reef-Foraminifera to Climate Change Scenarios (2021)

Reef-dwelling calcifiers face numerous environmental stresses associated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, including ocean acidification and warming. Photosymbiont-bearing calcifiers, such as large benthic foraminifera, are particularly sensitive to climate change. To gain insight into their responses to near-future conditions, Amphistegina lobifera from the Gulf of Aqaba were cultured under three pCO2 conditions (492, 963, 3182 ppm) crossed with two temperature conditions (28 °C, 31 °C) for two months. Differential protein abundances in host and photosymbionts were investigated alongside physiological responses and microenvironmental pH gradients assessed via proton microsensors. Over 1000 proteins were identified, of which &gt; 15% varied significantly between treatments. Thermal stress predominantly reduced protein abundances, and holobiont growth. Elevated pCO2 caused only minor proteomic alterations and color changes. Notably, pH at the test surface decreased with increasing pCO2 under all light/dark and temperature combinations. However, the difference between [H+] at the test surface and [H+] in the seawater—a measure of the organism’s mitigation of the acidified conditions—increased with light and pCO2. Combined stressors resulted in reduced pore sizes and increased microenvironmental pH gradients, indicating acclimative mechanisms that support calcite test production and/or preservation under climate change. Substantial proteomic variations at moderate-pCO2 and 31 °C and putative decreases in test stability at high-pCO2 and 31 °C indicate cellular modifications and impacts on calcification, in contrast to the LBFs’ apparently stable overall physiological performance. Our experiment shows that the effects of climate change can be missed when stressors are assessed in isolation, and that physiological responses should be assessed across organismal levels to make more meaningful inferences about the fate of reef calcifiers.
Photoinduced Bragg Reflectors in As-S-Se/As-S Based Chalcogenide Glass Multilayer Channel Waveguides (2001)

We have fabricated Bragg reflectors at 1550 nm in multilayer channel waveguides of As- S-Se/As-S chalcogenide glasses using near-bandgap light (~514 nm). A reflectivitity up to 86% (~8.5 dB), and a linewidth of ~0.3 nm were achieved for a 3.0 mm long first order Bragg grating. The polarization dependence of these Bragg filters was also studied. © 2001 Taylor & Francis.
Chemistry‐Related Innovations in Space, Benefits of Flow Chemistry (2022)

Space chemistry is an emerging field, i.e., performing chemistry in space as distinguished from astrochemistry or planetary chemistry. First, our chapter discusses the unique properties (microgravity, low temperature, cosmic ray) of space, pointing out the extraordinary chemistry opportunities. Furthermore, the radical expansion of space industry in the last decades has been generating the scientific, technological, and also commercial infrastructure for realizing chemical processes in space. The “drug-on-demand” capacity will supply astronauts on long-duration spaceflights with the necessary pharmaceuticals, and the deeper understanding of the cellular and disease mechanisms also plays an important role in developing countermeasures that mediate the response to microgravity and/or space radiation. The exploitation of the advantages of microgravity in protein crystallization and formulation is a rapidly developing area in the space pharma sector; various examples demonstrate that drug uniformity and stability have been increased (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-019-0090-3). Electrochemical CO 2 conversion in space allows recovery of oxygen from exhaled carbon dioxide, while generating useful carbon-based products. These processes are extremely important for present and future missions in space. Only a few synthetic chemistry experiments have been performed in the microgravity environment in space. Continuous flow chemistry offers the most suitable tool for realizing traditional and novel chemistries, and versatile flow reactors have been developed that could be operated in space.
Situation monitoring for active databases (1989)

paper is concerned with ways of specifying situations and evaluating them efficiently. The techniques described in this paper were developed as part of the HiPAC (High Performance Active) DBMS. a prototype active DBMS (DAYA88a. DAYA88b. CHAK89], parts of which have been implemented. However. the algebra and transformations described in this paper can be applied more generally. The situation evaluation mechanism can either be a component integrated tightly with a DBMS. or coupled with a heterogeneous array of applications or databases that signal it when specified events occur. We present a basis for efficiently evaluating the situation (event and condition) portion of situation/action rules. either in an active database or in a standalone situation monitor. A common framework handles situations involving both database changes and nondatabase situations. We introduce ARelations to represent net changes to a stored or derived relation. We define an operator that computes ARelations for derived relations. Evaluation of expressions involving changes is optimized by defining incremental forms of relational operators and by providing a chain rule that extends incremental computation to data derived by arbitrary expressions.
Marine seismic acquisition surveys and technology (2001)

Collected articles about Marine seismic acquisition surveys and technology.

-'Why WesternGeco believes Q-Marine is taking seismic to a new level', by Andrew
McBarnet

-'Sampling considerations related to modern towed streamer acquisition geometries', by Stian Hegna and Jan W. Schoolmeesters

-'New steps in the remote QC monitoring of positioning data in marine seismic', by Nicola
C. Quinn
Herpesviruses use bidirectional fast-axonal transport to spread in sensory neurons (2001)

Alpha herpesviruses infect the vertebrate nervous system resulting in either mild recurrent lesions in mucosal epithelia or fatal encephalitis. Movement of virions within the nervous system is a critical factor in the outcome of infection; however, the dynamics of individual virion transport have never been assessed. Here we visualized and tracked individual viral capsids as they moved in axons away from infected neuronal cell bodies in culture. The observed movement was compatible with fast axonal flow mediated by multiple microtubule motors. Capsids accumulated at axon terminals, suggesting that spread from infected neurons required cell contact.
Subband spectroscopy and steady-state measurement of dark current in metal-insulator-semiconductor devices (1991)

We demonstrate a steady‐state measurement technique of measuring dark current in HgCdTe metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) devices, implementing a gated diode. We show that this technique has several advantages over conventional MIS dark current measurement methods. Using this technique we are able to observe subbands due to inversion layer quantization, hence demonstrating a new technique of subband spectroscopy. The tunnel current into these bands is monitored as a function of temperature to deduce the nature of the tunneling transition.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphite Islands via Surface-Induced Reaction of Small Molecules (2001)

Attractive materials for molecular electronics are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the hydrogen-terminated segments of a graphitic plane. Since the processing of larger PAHs, for example hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene, is complicated by their extremely low solubilities and very small vapor pressures, the possibility of a surface-assisted synthesis of planar PAHs is investigated starting from diphenylacetylene (left) and hexaphenylbenzene (right), as shown in the picture.
Flux creep in superconductors (1991)

Measurements of flux creep have been undertaken for a variety of superconductors' to determine the factors that control the temperature and magnetic field regimes where the material transforms from a strong-pinning rigid-flux lattice material to the region where the flux lattice is highly mobile. Analysis of the data in terms of a single effective pinning potential, U/sub eff/, using the Beasley model indicates that all of the superconductors measured have a gradual transition from the strong pinning behavior at low temperature to weak pinning behavior at high temperature. There is a narrow band of fields and temperatures in the H-T plane where U/sub eff//kT rises from 2 to 100. The position of this band changes considerably from material to material. It is shown that there are some striking similarities and some clear trends in the pinning potentials when they are plotted on a reduced temperature scale. The highly anisotropic Tl-based and Nd-based copper oxides are very similar even though their T/sub c/ values differ by a factor of 5. In the progression from Nb-Ti to the cubic Bi-oxide to the anisotropic Cu-oxide, there is a clear trend to a wider region of high flux creep.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Associations of systemic oxygen consumption with age and body temperature under general anesthesia: retrospective cohort study (2023)

VO<sub>2</sub> increases in parallel with increase in body temperature in a hyperthermic state but remains constant in a hypothermic state. Neonates and infants, who have high VO<sub>2</sub>, may have a large systemic organ response in VO<sub>2</sub> to change in BT.
Effect of Irradiation Parameters on Morphology of Polishing DF2 (AISI-O1) Surface by Nd:YAG Laser (2007)

Pulse Nd:YAG laser was used to polish DF2 cold work steel. Influence of irradiation parameters on the 3D surface morphology was studied by 3D profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Results among the tests showed when DF2 specimens were irradiated with parameters of (i) laser input energy P=1 J, (ii) pulse feedrate=300 mm/min, (iii) pulse duration (PD) =3 milliseconds, and (iv) pulse frequency<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E1"><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math>=20<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E2"><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math>25 Hz, laser polishing of DF2 cold work steel seemed to be successful.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ Gene Knockout Impairs Postischemic Neovascularization and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Functions (2007)

We newly demonstrated that PI3Kgamma modulates angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vasculogenesis by mechanisms independent from its kinase activity.
Emotion Recognition in E-learning Systems (2018)

Technological advances in e-learning systems offer new opportunities for students to reinforce academic development and to improve accessibility to education. Facial expression recognition is an increasingly important area in intelligent e-learning systems. However, supporting the emotional side of students during learning tasks is challenging and demands an awareness of students' emotions. For this purpose, a brief review is presented in order to underlie the importance role of facial expression recognition in e-learning systems. Its role in special education is investigated too. This paper centers on facial expression recognition using convolutional neural networks and its application in e-learning systems, by introducing a new system composed of three main steps: preprocessing, features extraction and classification. We tested the proposed system with students aged between 8 and 12 years old, in an educational game. The results showed that the proposed system reached state of the art results.
Die Strukturabhängigkeit der Wasserstoffbrückengleichgewichte zwischen Phenol und Ketonen (1972)

Article Die Strukturabhängigkeit der Wasserstoffbrückengleichgewichte zwischen Phenol und Ketonen was published on June 1, 1972 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 78, issue 5_6).
Biocatalytic Michael‐Type Additions of Acetaldehyde to Nitroolefins with the Proline‐Based Enzyme 4‐Oxalocrotonate Tautomerase Yielding Enantioenriched γ‐Nitroaldehydes (2013)

Call me Michaelase: The enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) promiscuously catalyzes the Michael-type addition of acetaldehyde to a collection of aromatic and aliphatic nitroolefins with high stereoselectivity producing precursors of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogues.
Activated Carbon Modified with Copper for Adsorption of Propanethiol (2010)

Activated carbons were characterized texturally and chemically before and after treatment, using surface area determination in the BET model, Boehm titration, TPR, DRX and immersion calorimetry. The adsorption capacity and the kinetics of sulphur compound removal were determined by gas chromatography. It was established that the propanethiol retention capacity is dependent on the number of oxygenated groups generated on the activated carbon surface and that activated carbon modified with CuO at 0.25 M shows the highest retention of propanethiol. Additionally is proposed a mechanism of decomposition of propenothiol with carbon-copper system.
Late Emergence of the Vibrissa Direction Selectivity Map in the Rat Barrel Cortex (2011)

In the neocortex, neuronal selectivities for multiple sensorimotor modalities are often distributed in topographical maps thought to emerge during a restricted period in early postnatal development. Rodent barrel cortex contains a somatotopic map for vibrissa identity, but the existence of maps representing other tactile features has not been clearly demonstrated. We addressed the issue of the existence in the rat cortex of an intrabarrel map for vibrissa movement direction using in vivo two-photon imaging. We discovered that the emergence of a direction map in rat barrel cortex occurs long after all known critical periods in the somatosensory system. This map is remarkably specific, taking a pinwheel-like form centered near the barrel center and aligned to the barrel cortex somatotopy. We suggest that this map may arise from intracortical mechanisms and demonstrate by simulation that the combination of spike-timing-dependent plasticity at synapses between layer 4 and layer 2/3 and realistic pad stimulation is sufficient to produce such a map. Its late emergence long after other classical maps suggests that experience-dependent map formation and refinement continue throughout adult life.
Polyamines in human breast cancer and its relations to classical prognostic features: clinical implications. (1999)

Experimental evidence suggest an important role of polyamines in breast cancer development. Polyamines have been determined in tissue and erythrocyte samples from 100 patients with primary invasive breast cancer and 30 patients with fibroadenomas. Statistical analysis was performed in order to determine the prognostic value of the polyamine patterns of tumor tissues and erythrocytes in comparison with clinical and histological prognostic factors. In malignant tissues, polyamine levels were significantly higher than in benign tissues. They correlated with markers of tumor aggressivity (axillary node involvement and especially with markers of high mitotic rate as Ki-67 staining, histological grade). No correlation was found between estrogen and progesterone status, tumor size and polyamine concentrations. Erythrocyte polyamines levels were identical between cancer patients and controls. The knowledge of the polyamine pattern in breast cancer could become useful in clinical practice particularly if polyamine metabolism is targeted as a therapeutic approach.
Combined visual odometry and visual compass for off-road mobile robots localization (2011)

SUMMARY In this paper, we present the work related to the application of a visual odometry approach to estimate the location of mobile robots operating in off-road conditions. The visual odometry approach is based on template matching, which deals with estimating the robot displacement through a matching process between two consecutive images. Standard visual odometry has been improved using visual compass method for orientation estimation. For this purpose, two consumer-grade monocular cameras have been employed. One camera is pointing at the ground under the robot, and the other is looking at the surrounding environment. Comparisons with popular localization approaches, through physical experiments in off-road conditions, have shown the satisfactory behavior of the proposed strategy.
Preparing for Life: Plasma Proteome Changes and Immune System Development During the First Week of Human Life (2020)

Neonates have heightened susceptibility to infections. The biological mechanisms are incompletely understood but thought to be related to age-specific adaptations in immunity due to resource constraints during immune system development and growth. We present here an extended analysis of our proteomics study of peripheral blood-plasma from a study of healthy full-term newborns delivered vaginally, collected at the day of birth and on day of life (DOL) 1, 3, or 7, to cover the first week of life. The plasma proteome was characterized by LC-MS using our established 96-well plate format plasma proteomics platform. We found increasing acute phase proteins and a reduction of respective inhibitors on DOL1. Focusing on the complement system, we found increased plasma concentrations of all major components of the classical complement pathway and the membrane attack complex (MAC) from birth onward, except C7 which seems to have near adult levels at birth. In contrast, components of the lectin and alternative complement pathways mainly decreased. A comparison to whole blood messenger RNA (mRNA) levels enabled characterization of mRNA and protein levels in parallel, and for 23 of the 30 monitored complement proteins, the whole blood transcript information by itself was not reflective of the plasma protein levels or dynamics during the first week of life. Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNA and protein levels revealed that IgM levels and synthesis increased, while the plasma concentrations of maternally transferred IgG1-4 decreased in accordance with their <i>in vivo</i> half-lives. The neonatal plasma ratio of IgG1 to IgG2-4 was increased compared to adult values, demonstrating a highly efficient IgG1 transplacental transfer process. Partial compensation for maternal IgG degradation was achieved by endogenous synthesis of the IgG1 subtype which increased with DOL. The findings were validated in a geographically distinct cohort, demonstrating a consistent developmental trajectory of the newborn's immune system over the first week of human life across continents. Our findings indicate that the classical complement pathway is central for newborn immunity and our approach to characterize the plasma proteome in parallel with the transcriptome will provide crucial insight in immune ontogeny and inform new approaches to prevent and treat diseases.
Decreased Erythropoietin Response in Patients with the Anemia of Cancer (1990)

Patients with solid tumors are often anemic even before they undergo cytotoxic therapy. Since the cause of the anemia of cancer is unknown, we examined the possible role of erythropoietin. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, we determined serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels in 81 anemic patients with solid tumors. For any given degree of anemia, the serum concentration of immunoreactive erythropoietin was lower in this group of patients than in a group of control patients with iron-deficiency anemia (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the expected inverse linear relation between serum levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin and of hemoglobin was absent in the group with cancer. The erythropoietin response was further decreased in patients receiving chemotherapy; it was not influenced by the presence or absence of cisplatin in the treatment regimen. The inability of the patients with cancer to produce erythropoietin was not absolute; if they had hypoxemia, adequate erythropoietin production was restored. We conclude that erythropoietin levels are inappropriately low in anemia associated with cancer, and that erythropoietin deficiency may contribute to the development of this form of anemia. Treatment of the anemia of cancer with erythropoietin may be of value.
Novel diode-pumped tunable system for multi-photon microscopy (2003)

We report on a novel laser source, emitting high energy (20 nanoJoule) femtosecond pulses, in a broad spectrum (250 nanometers). This source is easily tuned from 950 to 1200 nanometers, without any laser adjustment, and delivers sub-300 femtosecond pulses with a 10 nanometers spectral width.
Flexural–torsional vibrations of rotating tapered thin-walled composite beams: (2011)

This article investigates the free vibration of the rotating, tapered, thin-walled, composite box beam. The structural model incorporates a number of non-classical effects, such as transverse shear...
Large scale deep neural network acoustic modeling with semi-supervised training data for YouTube video transcription (2013)

YouTube is a highly visited video sharing website where over one billion people watch six billion hours of video every month. Improving accessibility to these videos for the hearing impaired and for search and indexing purposes is an excellent application of automatic speech recognition. However, YouTube videos are extremely challenging for automatic speech recognition systems. Standard adapted Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based acoustic models can have word error rates above 50%, making this one of the most difficult reported tasks. Since 2009, YouTube has provided automatic generation of closed captions for videos detected to have English speech; the service now supports ten different languages. This paper describes recent improvements to the original system, in particular the use of owner-uploaded video transcripts to generate additional semi-supervised training data and deep neural networks acoustic models with large state inventories. Applying an “island of confidence” filtering heuristic to select useful training segments, and increasing the model size by using 44,526 context dependent states with a low-rank final layer weight matrix approximation, improved performance by about 13% relative compared to previously reported sequence trained DNN results for this task.