gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomy and Automation Reliability in Human-Robot Interaction: A Qualitative Review (2009)

The effectiveness and reliability of automation aids are critical topics in the area of human-robot interaction (HRI). As more tasks are subsumed by robots and autonomous systems, it is important to examine the relationships between these entities and their human operators. Research to date has covered various manipulations of autonomy, but this broad body of research is in need of focus and consistency. The current study presents a qualitative overview of research regarding levels and reliability of autonomy/control and the effects they have on important HRI-relevant outcome variables. Results indicate that autonomy and automation aids operate uniquely for different tasks, and that there are many complex factors that can affect not only performance but also usability, confidence, and safety. Unresolved issues in the field and challenges and opportunities for future research are also presented.
Stochastic approach to represent distributed energy resources in the form of a virtual power plant in energy and reserve markets (2016)

Today, traditional networks are changing to active grids due to the burgeoning growth of distributed energy resources (DER), which demands scrupulous attention to technical infrastructures, as well as economic aspects. In this study, from economic point of view, the aggregation of DERs in a distribution network to participate in joint energy and reserve markets is investigated. This approach, which is predicated upon price‐based unit commitment method, has considered virtually all the technical data in the proposed model. It is worth to mention that uncertainties of loads and market prices, as an inherent characteristic of the electricity markets, are treated in this study, and their effect on the operation of virtual power plants in energy and reserve markets has been thoroughly discussed. To this end, for both uncertain parameters, a good number of scenarios are generated and using the backward reduction method the number of these scenarios is reduced. The problem is formulated as a MINLP model and is implemented in GAMS software, while its authenticity is validated using particle swarm optimisation method.
DC-SQUID with High-Critical-Temperature Oxide-Superconductor Film (1987)

Voltage vs magnetic-flux characteristics of a DC-SQUID using YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ film have been studied. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ film SQUID was fabricated by lithographical patterning. The DC-SQUID operated up to 72 K.
Derivation and Molecular Characterization of a Morphological Subpopulation of Human iPSC Astrocytes Reveal a Potential Role in Schizophrenia and Clozapine Response (2021)

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the human brain and are important regulators of several critical cellular functions, including synaptic transmission. Although astrocytes are known to play a central role in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, little is known about their potential involvement in clinical response to the antipsychotic clozapine. Moreover, astrocytes display a remarkable degree of morphological diversity, but the potential contribution of astrocytic subtypes to disease biology and drug response has received little attention. Here, we used state-of-the-art human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to derive a morphological subtype of astrocytes from healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia, including responders and nonresponders to clozapine. Using functional assays and transcriptional profiling, we identified a distinct gene expression signature highly specific to schizophrenia as shown by disease association analysis of more than 10 000 diseases. We further found reduced levels of both glutamate and the NMDA receptor coagonist d-serine in subtype astrocytes derived from schizophrenia patients, and that exposure to clozapine only rescued this deficiency in cells from clozapine responders, providing further evidence that d-serine in particular, and NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in general, could play an important role in disease pathophysiology and clozapine action. Our study represents a first attempt to explore the potential contribution of astrocyte diversity to schizophrenia pathophysiology using a human cellular model. Our findings suggest that specialized subtypes of astrocytes could be important modulators of disease pathophysiology and clinical drug response, and warrant further investigations.
Spectral linewidth of autonomous and injection-locked flux-flow oscillators (1995)

Oscillators based on unidirectional viscous flow of magnetic flux quanta in long Josephson tunnel junctions with high damping have been experimentally investigated by harmonic mixing and frequency multiplication at frequencies up to 450 GHz. An integral spectral linewidth of two flux-flow oscillators (FFO) as low as 750 kHz was found at 280 GHz. Presently no theory exists for the linewidth of the FFO. Above a few MHz the experimental linewidth scales with the square of the dynamic resistance of the dc I-V curve as found for short Josephson junctions and oscillators based on resonant motion of fluxons in under-damped long Josephson tunnel junctions. Based on calculations assuming wideband thermal noise, we find that the effective temperature of the FFO appears to be much higher than its physical temperature. Different models are discussed in order to explain this discrepancy. Finally harmonic phase locking of a FFO at 355 GHz is demonstrated.
Methods for High Resistivity Measurements Related to Spacecraft-Charging (2006)

A key parameter in modeling differential spacecraft-charging is the resistivity of insulating materials. This parameter determines how charge will accumulate and redistribute across the spacecraft, as well as the timescale for charge transport and dissipation. American Society for Testing and Materials constant-voltage methods are shown to provide inaccurate resistivity measurements for materials with resistivities greater than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$sim!10^17 Omegacdothboxcm$</tex> or with long polarization decay times such as are found in many polymers. These data have been shown to often be inappropriate for spacecraft-charging applications and have been found to underestimate charging effects by one to four orders of magnitude for many materials. The charge storage decay method is shown to be the preferred method to determine the resistivities of such highly insulating materials. A review is presented of methods to measure the resistivity of highly insulating materials—including the electrometer in resistance method, the electrometer in constant-voltage method, and the charge storage method. The different methods are found to be appropriate for different resistivity ranges and for different charging circumstances. A simple macroscopic physics-based model of these methods allows separation of the polarization current and dark current components from long-duration measurements of resistivity over day- to month-long timescales. Model parameters are directly related to the magnitude of charge transfer and storage and the rate of charge transport. The model largely explains the observed differences in resistivity found using the different methods and provides a framework for recommendations for the appropriate test method for spacecraft materials with different resistivities and applications.
Selective Advantages of a Parasexual Cycle for the YeastCandida albicans (2015)

The yeast Candida albicans can mate. However, in the natural environment mating may generate progeny (fusants) fitter than clonal lineages too rarely to render mating biologically significant: C. albicans has never been observed to mate in its natural environment, the human host, and the population structure of the species is largely clonal. It seems incapable of meiosis, and most isolates are diploid and carry both mating-type-like (MTL) locus alleles, preventing mating. Only chromosome loss or localized loss of heterozygosity can generate mating-competent cells, and recombination of parental alleles is limited. To determine if mating is a biologically significant process, we investigated if mating is under selection. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations in mating genes and the frequency of mutations abolishing mating indicated that mating is under selection. The MTL locus is located on chromosome 5, and when we induced chromosome 5 loss in 10 clinical isolates, most of the resulting MTL-homozygotes could mate with each other, producing fusants. In laboratory culture, a novel environment favoring novel genotypes, some fusants grew faster than their parents, in which loss of heterozygosity had reduced growth rates, and also faster than their MTL-heterozygous ancestors-albeit often only after serial propagation. In a small number of experiments in which co-inoculation of an oral colonization model with MTL-homozygotes yielded small numbers of fusants, their numbers declined over time relative to those of the parents. Overall, our results indicate that mating generates genotypes superior to existing MTL-heterozygotes often enough to be under selection.
Toward Large-Scale Process Control to Enable Consistent CT Radiation Dose Optimization (2015)

CT dose optimization is achieved when the least amount of radiation necessary is used to achieve adequate image quality. The key to consistent optimization is minimization of unnecessary variation. This minimization is accomplished through local process control mechanisms.
Highly Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Lithium Dialkylamides to α,β-Unsaturated Esters Having a Chiral Center at the γ-Position (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionHighly Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Lithium Dialkylamides to α,β-Unsaturated Esters Having a Chiral Center at the γ-PositionNaoki Asao, Takashi Shimada, Tomoko Sudo, Naofumi Tsukada, Kazuhiko Yazawa, Young Soo Gyoung, Tadao Uyehara, and Yoshinori YamamotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6, 2052Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1998Publication History Published online24 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9740352https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9740352correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (23 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID‐19 (2020)

The role of clinical laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of the severe forms of COVID-19 has not been definitely established. The aim of this study was to look for the warning index in severe COVID-19 patients. We investigated 43 adult patients with COVID-19. The patients were classified into mild group (28 patients) and severe group (15 patients). A comparison of the hematological parameters between the mild and severe groups showed significant differences in interleukin-6 (IL-6), d-dimer (d-D), glucose, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (P < .05). The optimal threshold and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of IL-6 were 24.3 and 0.795 µg/L, respectively, while those of d-D were 0.28 and 0.750 µg/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of IL-6 combined with d-D was 0.840. The specificity of predicting the severity of COVID-19 during IL-6 and d-D tandem testing was up to 93.3%, while the sensitivity of IL-6 and d-D by parallel test in the severe COVID-19 was 96.4%. IL-6 and d-D were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value.
Design and Characterization of Elastic Artificial Skin Containing Adenosine-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Treating Wrinkles (2020)

Adenosine (AD), which is used for treating wrinkles, exhibits poor skin permeation. The aim of the present study was to develop a cross-linked silicone-based cellulose elastomer as an elastic artificial skin for the treatment of skin wrinkles, a biocompatible lipid-based nano-carrier for enhancing the skin permeation of AD, and a formulation consisting of the lipid-based carrier incorporated in the elastic artificial skin. AD-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared using a double-emulsion method. Particle characteristics and mechanical properties of SLNs and elastic artificial skin, respectively, were assessed. Skin permeation was evaluated using SkinEthic RHE tissue, a reconstructed human epidermis model. The mean particle size and zeta potential for SLNs ranged from 123.57 to 248.90 nm and -13.23 to -41.23 mV, respectively. The components of neither SLNs nor the elastic artificial skin were cytotoxic, according to cell- and tissue-viability assays and EU classification. SLNs and the elastic artificial skin exhibited sustained drug release for 48 h. The amount of AD released from SLNs and elastic artificial skin was approximately 10 times and 5 times higher, respectively, than that from AD solution. Therefore, elastic artificial skin incorporated with AD-loaded SLNs may serve as a promising topical delivery system for cosmeceutical treatment of skin wrinkles.
The TOR Pathway Modulates the Structure of Cell Walls in Arabidopsis (2010)

Plant cell growth is limited by the extension of cell walls, which requires both the synthesis and rearrangement of cell wall components in a controlled fashion. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a major regulator of cell growth in eukaryotes, and inhibition of this pathway by rapamycin reduces cell growth. Here, we show that in plants, the TOR pathway affects cell wall structures. LRR-extensin1 (LRX1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is an extracellular protein involved in cell wall formation in root hairs, and lrx1 mutants develop aberrant root hairs. rol5 (for repressor of lrx1) was identified as a suppressor of lrx1. The functionally similar ROL5 homolog in yeast, Ncs6p (needs Cla4 to survive 6), was previously found to affect TOR signaling. Inhibition of TOR signaling by rapamycin led to suppression of the lrx1 mutant phenotype and caused specific changes to galactan/rhamnogalacturonan-I and arabinogalactan protein components of cell walls that were similar to those observed in the rol5 mutant. The ROL5 protein accumulates in mitochondria, a target of the TOR pathway and major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rol5 mutants show an altered response to ROS. This suggests that ROL5 might function as a mitochondrial component of the TOR pathway that influences the plant's response to ROS.
Effects of Dilute Acetic Acid on the Cervical Smear (1997)

Acetic acid has adverse effects on the cervical smear and should be applied after the smear is taken.
Nanoscale Dots Fabrication by Volume Change Thermal Lithography (2004)

We have developed a novel lithography technique, called the “volume-change thermal-lithography”, for fabricating minute dots in less than 100 nm diameter. The combination of the temperature distribution induced by a focused laser beam with a Gaussian distribution and a specially designed multilayer, which consists of TbFeCo and ZnS-SiO 2 films, enabled us to produce minute dots. Using a laser beam with a 405 nm wavelength, we succeeded in fabricating dots whose pitch and size are far beyond the optical diffraction limit. Furthermore, we delineated letters of approximately 1 µm size by dot arrangement for showing the high potential for more complicate fabrication using the technique.
The Manipulator Cleared the Surface of Fluid Pipelines (2011)

Manipulator cleared the surface of fluid pipelines is the necessary pipeline engineering construction equipment. Developing an advanced automatic robotic pipeline construction and making it industry can satisfy the needs of pipeline engineering in the country improve mechanization level and work efficiency and reduce labor intensity. According to the actual situation, the paper conform the principle of the robotic work. Analysis the work process of the manipulator, the design gives the optical detection system. This manipulator adopts automatic rotary and feeding, intelligent control and automatic detecting effects and feedback. The movement of the manipulator can been regulated and controlled timely by the photoelectric detection device of the manipulator. It is suitable for cleaning the surface of various pipelines in the complex condition field. This paper studies the revolution，feeding and feedback of the pipeline construction of the manipulator. Finally, study and design a stable running, flexible movement, accurate positioning, the effect is automatically detected and reliable intelligent robot which compatible with the subject. This manipulator can well meet the requirements of operation.
Different Forms of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase in Chlorella (1993)

In crude extracts of Chlorella kessleri two forms of fructosebisphosphatase can be separated by ion exchange chromatography or by acid precipitation. FBPase I is eluted from DEAE cellulose at 200mᴍ KC1 and precipitated at pH 4.5, FBPase II is correspondingly eluted at 310 mᴍ KC1 and soluble at pH 4.5. Both enzymes differ in substrate affinity and degree of cooperativity. Based on literature data, FBPase I is assumed to be of cytosolic and FBPase II of chloroplastic origin. The mole mass of FBPase I is identical (51-65 kDa) at pH 6.5 and pH 8.5. T hat of FBPase II is however, about four times larger at pH 6.5 (257 kDa) than at pH 8.5 (67 kDa). Other pH values have only been tried with crude cell extracts in which still larger mole masses of FBPase resulted at more acidic pH (1349 kD a at pH 6.0). The lower mole mass form of FBPase II shows three times higher catalytic activity. Reducing agents, such as DTT, also increase the activity of FBPase II in vitro. In vivo, alkalization and production of reducing power occurs in the chloroplast stroma during illumination. If the above alterations exist in vivo, they would be a means to activate FBPase in the light. Oligomerization of FBPase II to aggregates with altered catalytic activities and kinetic properties is discussed as result of the action of specific wavelengths and to be responsible for differences in carbohydrate metabolism of Chlorella exposed to red or blue light.
Prevalence of Severe Febrile and Thrombocytopenic Syndrome Virus, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia microti in Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Jiaodong Peninsula, Shandong Province (2017)

The presence of tick-borne pathogens and their possible coinfections were evaluated among host-seeking ticks in seven cities from Jiaodong peninsula, Shandong Province, with specific PCR or reverse transcription-PCR tests. Among 2107 ticks collected, four species of three genera were identified with Haemaphysalis longicornis as predominant species, and total of 63 H. longicornis and 10 Rhicephalus microplus were confirmed infected with tick-borne pathogens. These pathogens were consequently identified as severe febrile and thrombocytopenic syndrome virus (SFTSV), Anaplasma capra, Anaplasma phygocytophilum, and Babesia microti, respectively, with high phylogenetic scores on some fragments of species-specific genes. The infection rates of the pathogens in H. longicornis were presented as 1.03%, 0.84%, 0.58%, and 1.66%, respectively, close related to its field density and clump distribution pattern. Furthermore, coinfection of A. capra and SFTSV was also discovered from two female H. longicornis in Pingdu city. These results indicated that the potential human pathogens other than severe febrile and thrombocytopenic syndrome might be transmitted by hard ticks separately or in combination, and more reliable differential diagnosis, proper administrations, rational prevention, and control measures should be developed with the support of precision laboratory tests.
Vibrational dephasing and frequency shifts of polyatomic molecules in solution (1982)

A theory for the effects of repulsive and spatially slowly varying attractive forces on the vibrational frequency and dephasing of polyatomic molecular liquids is developed. Thermodynamic state dependence of these features is of particular interest because of the competition between the two types of forces. Solvent shifts of vibrational lines are computed. Proper separation of the rapidly and slowly varying branches of the intermolecular potentials leads to a separation of time scales that allows the dephasing relaxation to be computed using a combination of binary collision and mean field ideas. The question of homogeneous vs inhomogeneous broadening of the isotropic Raman line is addressed. The theory is applied to several polyatomic fluids with special emphasis on the isothermal density dependence of the spectral features. Agreement with experiment is good. The slowly varying attractive forces are found to play a significant role in determining the Raman linewidth for all the systems studied. Comparison with previous theories is made.
Comparison of tethered and untethered helmet mounted fNIR systems for TBI application (2011)

Blast or accident related damages to brain leads to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and early detection of TBI and its severity avoids disability. Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy system of 30-1000 MHz provides accurate functional imaging that could be instrumental in diagnosis of any TBI. This paper addresses design challenges and performance comparison of helmet mounted broadband functional near infra-red (fNIR) designs of both tethered and un-tethered communications with a remote analysis unit. Performance comparison of both systems in terms of size, power consumption, and data throughput are discussed and merits of the tethered and untethered helmet mounted broadband fNIR is discussed. The photon migration of NIR light is accomplished using broadband optical transmitters and reception of diffused photons at various positions on head that are 1.5 cm away from each individual optical transmitter. Optical transmitter and receiver are custom designed to perform photon migration spectroscopy through head and brain at wavelengths of 680nm, 780nm, 820nm, and 980nm. The untethered helmet structure consists of RF electronic for reception of UWB signals of 4.5–5.5GHz and transmission of 50Mb/s data after local signal processing of the received diffused photons. Low frequency electrical connections using microcoax are employed for interfacing the broadband 30–1000MHz reference source to the multi-wavelength optical transmitters and process the received RF signal component of diffused photon density waves.
Imbalance of endogenous prostanoids in moderate-to-severe asthma (2016)

An imbalance in production, breakdown, or both between prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> and other prostanoids possibly due to epithelial damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of moderate-to-severe asthma.