gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design of a tapered bore superconducting MHD magnet system (1981)

This paper presents the design and system characteristics of a superconducting MHD magnet system presently being fabricated at the Magnetic Corporation of America for the United States Air Force Aero-Propulsion Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The magnet is designed to produce a magnetic field on axis that tapers from 4 T to 2.75 T over an active field length of 1.04 m. The warm bore has a minimum ID of .29 m at the inlet and .53 m at the outlet. The magnet windings, structure, and helium vessel are 1.77 m long and have a maximum diameter of 1.22 m. This cold mass will weigh approximately 2,727 kg (6,000 pounds). The room temperature vessel is 2.62 m long, has a 1.7 m outside diameter, and will weigh 818 kg (1,800 pounds). A 24-strand Rutherford cable with both a Kapton and B-stage epoxy/glass wrap is wound onto a cold bore tube in the shape of an annular saddle with arched end turns. The windings are separated by internal structure used to transmit the Lorentz body forces to the external or superstructure.
Convex Properties of Center-of-Mass Trajectories for Locomotion Based on Divergent Component of Motion (2018)

This letter presents an in-depth analysis of the convex properties of center-of-mass (CoM) trajectories for legged robot locomotion based on the concept of Divergent Component of Motion (DCM). In particular, we show that the union of all possible trajectories forms a bounded convex set under appropriate boundary conditions. Additionally, we describe in detail our approach of generating closed-form CoM trajectories through piecewise interpolation over a sequence of waypoints and show how to compute the CoM trajectory efficiently through equations given in a matrix form. Applying the convex properties to our trajectory-generation approach, we present an algorithm for computing convex overapproximations of the CoM waypoints. Finally, we provide an example of usage in placing waypoints that lead to feasible CoM trajectories with respect to kinematic and dynamic constraints. The approach is validated with a multi-contact scenario in simulation with the humanoid robot TORO.
A new synthetic route to furofuranoid lignans via the intramolecular Mukaiyama reaction (1992)

The sequence set out in Scheme 1 provides a short and expedient synthesis of a number of (±)-furofuranoid lignans, including styraxin 3(antitumour), aptosimon 5, asarinin 6, pluviatilol 7, ‘MEL’4(inhibitor of germination) and related compounds.
An integrated architecture for autonomous vehicles simulation (2012)

Modeling and simulation tools are being increasingly acclaimed in the research field of autonomous vehicles systems, as they provide suitable test beds for the development and evaluation of such complex systems. However, these tools still do not account for some integration capabilities amongst several state-of-the-art Intelligent Transportation Systems, e.g. to study autonomous driving behaviors in human-steered urban traffic scenarios, which are crucial to the Future Urban Transport paradigm.
Perceptual processing deficits underlying reduced FFOV efficiency in older adults (2017)

Older adults are known to perform more poorly on measures of the functional field of view (FFOV) than younger adults. Specific contributions by poor bottom-up and or top-down control of visual attention to the reduced FFOV of older adults were investigated. Error rates of older and younger adults were compared on a FFOV task in which a central identification task, peripheral localization task, and peripheral distractors were presented in high and low contrast. Older adults made more errors in all conditions. The effect of age was independent of the contrast of the peripheral target or distractors. The performance cost of including the central task was measured and found to be negligible for younger adults. For older adults performance costs were present in all conditions, greater with distractors than without, and greater for a low rather than high contrast central stimulus when the peripheral target was high contrast. These results are consistent with older adults compensating for reduced sensory input or bottom-up capture of attention by relying more heavily on top-down control for which they are resource limited.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor KDR Tyrosine Kinase Activity Is Increased by Autophosphorylation of Two Activation Loop Tyrosine Residues (1999)

Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important physiological regulator of angiogenesis. The function of this endothelial cell selective growth factor is mediated by two homologous tyrosine kinase receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) and kinase domain receptor (KDR). Although the functional consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor binding to the Flt-1 receptor is not fully understood, it is well established that mitogenic signaling is mediated by KDR. Upon sequencing several independent cDNA clones spanning the cytoplasmic region of human KDR, we identified and confirmed the identity of a functionally required valine at position 848 in the ATP binding site, rather than the previously reported glutamic acid residue, which corresponds to an inactive tyrosine kinase. The cytoplasmic domain of recombinant native KDR, expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, can undergo autophosphorylation in the presence of ATP. In addition, the kinase activity can be substantially increased by autophosphorylation at physiologic ATP concentrations. Mutation analysis indicates that both tyrosine residues 1054 and 1059 are required for activation, which is a consequence of an increased affinity for both ATP and the peptide substrate and has no effect on kcat, the intrinsic catalytic activity of the enzyme. KDR kinase catalyzes phosphotransfer by formation of a ternary complex with ATP and the peptide substrate. We demonstrate that tyrosine kinase antagonists can preferentially inhibit either the unactivated or activated form of the enzyme.
Genomic islands of divergence and their consequences for the resolution of spatial structure in an exploited marine fish (2013)

As populations diverge, genomic regions associated with adaptation display elevated differentiation. These genomic islands of adaptive divergence can inform conservation efforts in exploited species, by refining the delineation of management units, and providing genomic tools for more precise and effective population monitoring and the successful assignment of individuals and products. We explored heterogeneity in genomic divergence and its impact on the resolution of spatial population structure in exploited populations of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, using genome wide expressed sequence derived single nucleotide polymorphisms in 466 individuals sampled across the range. Outlier tests identified elevated divergence at 5.2% of SNPs, consistent with directional selection in one-third of linkage groups. Genomic regions of elevated divergence ranged in size from a single position to several cM. Structuring at neutral loci was associated with geographic features, whereas outlier SNPs revealed genetic discontinuities in both the eastern and western Atlantic. This fine-scale geographic differentiation enhanced assignment to region of origin, and through the identification of adaptive diversity, fundamentally changes how these populations should be conserved. This work demonstrates the utility of genome scans for adaptive divergence in the delineation of stock structure, the traceability of individuals and products, and ultimately a role for population genomics in fisheries conservation.
Impact of nighttime and weekend liver transplants on graft and patient outcomes (2012)

Safety concerns have been raised about nighttime and weekend patient care, but it is unknown whether these issues affect liver transplantation. We sought to identify the impact of nighttime and weekend liver transplants on graft and patient survival. We used the United Network for Organ Sharing database to review adult liver transplants from 1987 to 2010. Comparisons were made between nighttime and daytime operations and between weekday and weekend operations. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) were determined 30, 90, and 365 days after transplantation after we controlled for relevant factors; 94,768 transplants were included in the analysis. The patient survival rates at 30, 90, and 365 days for nighttime operations were 96%, 93%, and 86%, respectively. The patient survival rates at 30, 90, and 365 days for weekend operations were 95%, 92%, and 86%, respectively. These rates did not significantly differ from those for daytime and weekday operations, respectively. The graft failure rate was unchanged at 30 and 90 days for weekend transplants but was modestly increased at 365 days [HR = 1.05 (95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.11)]. Graft survival was unaffected by nighttime transplantation. Nighttime and weekend operations for liver transplantation do not affect patient or graft survival, and this testifies to the patient safety measures in place.
Software Integrity Control (2019)

In this article the tool for software integrity control is introduced. With its help the risk of violation of enterprise's information system's software integrity can be reduced. The tool implements the algorithm of integrity control based on the Russian standard of hashing function “GOST R 34.11-2012”. The functionality of developed tool allows to create the initial state of the enterprise's information system by obtaining a set of hash values for each program. These values are saved in the database of initial hashes. The tool carries out periodic integrity check, firstly by calculating the current hash values for software based on the algorithm of the hashing function “GOST R 34.11-2012”, and then by comparing the current hash values with the initial ones. If modification of the program is authorized, its hash value is modified. The tool provides report of the performed software integrity check. The experimental studies are carried out. To confirm the functionality of developed tool, the malware “12Trojan.Win32.Krepper.ab” is modeled. It is shown that the use of the developed tool reduces information security risk by 5%.
The Greater Glycan Content of Recombinant Human Thyroid Peroxidase of Mammalian Than of Insect Cell Origin Facilitates Purification to Homogeneity of Enzymatically Protein Remaining Soluble at High Concentration1 (1998)

Structural studies on thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a major thyroid autoantigen, require milligram amounts of pure protein. We found that the human TPO ectodomain (amino acid residues 1-848) generated in insect cells did not remain in solution at high concentrations after affinity purification. In contrast, the TPO ectodomain secreted by mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cells, although generated to a lesser extent (1 vs. 8 mg/liter), remained in solution at high concentration (10 mg/ml) after purification to homogeneity. This purified material was well recognized by TPO autoantibodies, but lacked enzymatic activity. We attempted to restore activity by culturing the Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence of added heme. TPO enzymatic activity was clearly detected in conditioned medium from cells cultured in hematin and hemin, but not in protoporphyrin IX (all at 1 mg/liter). Heme prosthetic group incorporation into affinity-purified TPO was highest for hematin and hemin, but unchanged for protoporphyrin IX (OD 410/280 nm ratios of 0.25, 0.23, and 0.14, respectively). Enzymatic activity was now evident with hemin (mean +/- SE, 27.2 +/- 2.6; n = 3; guaiacol units/mg protein), hematin (24.1 +/- 1.6), and, to a lesser extent, protoporphyrin IX (3.6 +/- 0.2). Culturing cells in 20 mg/liter hematin, the maximum concentration tolerated, increased enzymatic activity even further (45.6 +/- 0.6 guaiacol units/mg protein). All purified TPO preparations were homogeneous on PAGE and of similar size (105 kDa). Enzymatic deglycosylation showed a complex carbohydrate contribution of 13 kDa (unlike the 2.3 kDa in insect cell TPO). In conclusion, this is the first report on the purification to homogeneity of recombinant human TPO of mammalian cell origin. Unlike TPO generated in insect cells, mammalian TPO remains soluble at high concentration, possibly because of its greater carbohydrate content. This enzymatically active, recombinant human TPO may be useful for future structural studies.
Hematopoietic growth factors in cancer chemotherapy. (1993)

Hematopoietic growth factors have made a significant impact on the treatment of cancer, primarily in the prevention of infections associated with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, in progenitor cell transplantation, in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, and in chemotherapy-induced anemia. As seen with this review, our basic understanding of hematopoietic growth factors and their clinical potential continue to expand. Work will need to continue, especially with the new thrombopoietic factors, megakaryocyte growth and developing factor, thrombopoietin, and IL-11, to fully categorize their biology and clinical characteristics.
Strong-field nonsequential double photoionization using virtual-detector theory with path summation (2023)

We present an ab initio study of the nonsequential strong-field ionization dynamics of a model two-electron atom with helium character. Single- and double-ionization events are characterized and displayed using detector signals extracted at different points in the two-electron two-dimensional space. The double photoelectron momentum distribution is calculated via coherent path-summation over virtual-particle trajectories. A comparison is made between the momentum distributions obtained with the virtual-detector method, the Schr\"odinger wave function, and the time-dependent surface flux method developed by Tao and Scrinzi [New J. Phys. 14, 013021 (2012)]. Insights into different ionization and electron recollision pathways are gained from detailed virtual-particle tracking and energy-time readouts. This study demonstrates the extension of virtual-detector theory to strong-field multielectron quantum dynamics and highlights the importance of the evolving quantum phase in quasiclassical electron propagation.
Comment on “Vacuum Rabi Splitting in a Semiconductor Circuit QED System” (2013)

Toida et al. claim in their recent article [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 066802 (2013)] that they `report a direct observation of vacuum Rabi splitting in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum dot (DQD) based charge qubit coupled with a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator'. In this comment, we challenge the main claims made in their paper and show that their results: a) do not provide any evidence of vacuum Rabi oscillations and b) do not provide any direct evidence of vacuum Rabi splitting.
Bayesian Population Decoding of Motor Cortical Activity Using a Kalman Filter (2005)

Effective neural motor prostheses require a method for decoding neural activity representing desired movement. In particular, the accurate reconstruction of a continuous motion signal is necessary for the control of devices such as computer cursors, robots, or a patient's own paralyzed limbs. For such applications, we developed a real-time system that uses Bayesian inference techniques to estimate hand motion from the firing rates of multiple neurons. In this study, we used recordings that were previously made in the arm area of primary motor cortex in awake behaving monkeys using a chronically implanted multielectrode microarray. Bayesian inference involves computing the posterior probability of the hand motion conditioned on a sequence of observed firing rates; this is formulated in terms of the product of a likelihood and a prior. The likelihood term models the probability of firing rates given a particular hand motion. We found that a linear gaussian model could be used to approximate this likelihood and could be readily learned from a small amount of training data. The prior term defines a probabilistic model of hand kinematics and was also taken to be a linear gaussian model. Decoding was performed using a Kalman filter, which gives an efficient recursive method for Bayesian inference when the likelihood and prior are linear and gaussian. In off-line experiments, the Kalman filter reconstructions of hand trajectory were more accurate than previously reported results. The resulting decoding algorithm provides a principled probabilistic model of motor-cortical coding, decodes hand motion in real time, provides an estimate of uncertainty, and is straightforward to implement. Additionally the formulation unifies and extends previous models of neural coding while providing insights into the motor-cortical code.
Indications for Lumbar Spine Fusion in the Adult (1992)

More than 20,000 lumbar spine fusions are performed annually in the United States. Results of surgery unfortunately are inconsistent and may reflect unsatisfactory patient selection. Indications for lumbar arthrodesis may arise in degenerative disk disease, deformity, distal extension of previous arthrodesis, trauma, spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis (in association with diskectomy or decompression). There are several techniques in the assessment of potential candidates for low lumbar arthrodesis.
A new quadtree predictive image coder (2002)

A new quadtree-based lossy image compression algorithm is introduced. One new feature is that one pixel in each quadtree block is predictively encoded while the remaining pixels are linearly predicted from this one and from pixels of previous blocks. Another is that the criteria for subdividing a block involves the reproduction error in each pixel, as opposed to the error energy for the entire block. Though the algorithm has very low complexity, its predictive nature gives it good rate/distortion performance and suppresses blocking artifacts. This paper describes the algorithm, shows the results of coding at .5 and .25 bits per pixel, and compares its peak signal-to-noise ratio with other methods.
Genetic regulation of immune homeostatic lung leukocyte populations influences respiratory virus induced disease in collaborative cross mice (2021)

Abstract Immune homeostasis is the state that the immune system maintains in the absence of insult. Perturbation of immune homeostasis can impact autoimmunity/allergy and adversely affect infectious responses. To date, much of the analysis of immune homeostasis has focused on systemic immunity, but it is also likely to be important in an organ specific manner. Since the lungs are a major site of environmental exposure and infection, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population to study the genetic regulation of the breadth of baseline immune cell populations in the lung and identify loci regulating these cells at homeostasis. We found that all 54 immune cell phenotypes measured showed strong genetic variation in cell type abundances. We identified 28 quantitative trait loci associated with variation in 24 immune cell populations or the relationship between cell populations. Further, we identified significant associations between 20 of these loci and responses to either influenza A virus (IAV) or Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) disease in the same strains of mice. Notably, a locus mapped for variation in Ly6C+ monocyte abundance was associated with SARS-CoV weight loss, as well as titer at days 2 and 4 post-infection. This locus is also associated with influenza-induced disease, as measured by weight loss post-infection. Our analysis highlights the strong genetic control of immune homeostasis, and the key role that immune homeostasis plays in contributing to downstream infectious responses. In particular, our analysis suggests that the abundance of a variety of lung leukocyte populations prior to infection could serve as predictors of immune responses to respiratory viruses.
COMSOL model of an enclosed coaxial carbon Nanotube (CNT) speaker with perforate analysis (2019)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) speakers are thin film, flexible, light weight, and acoustically transparent that operate on the thermoacoustic principle. Rapid oscillations in the surface temperature result in density variations in the surrounding medium resulting in generation of pressure waves or sound. High operating temperatures, light weight and flexibility to conform to any shape makes them suitable for active exhaust noise cancellation in automobiles. Previous work was done to simulate an enclosed coaxial CNT speaker using COMSOL Multiphysics using a 2D axisymmetric model. The simulated sound pressure values were compared with the measured values to validate the model. This paper builds on the previous work by simulating a 3D model of the coaxial speaker in COMSOL Multiphysics. 3D model allows better modeling of flow and thermal behavior of the coaxial CNT speaker. Comparison is made between the measured and simulated sound pressure levels. Along with this, CFD analysis of perforate pattern on the speaker pipe is also discussed.
Psychosocial interventions as part of breast cancer rehabilitation programs? Results from a systematic review (2010)

Limited documentation exists on the efficacy of psychosocial rehabilitation interventions among BC patients. However, we found that patients might have QoL benefits from CBT given after primary BC treatment. More documentation is needed regarding the effects of CBT during primary treatment and the effects of psychoeducation and social support.
β -Alkylated oligomaltosides as new alternative preservatives: antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and preliminary investigation of their mechanism of action (2013)

Given their very simple chemical structure, low toxicity and good antimicrobial activity, methyl-β-d-oligomaltosides could represent a valuable alternative to currently used preservatives such as parabens.
Discriminating States: The Quantum Chernoff Bound (2007)

We consider the problem of discriminating two different quantum states in the setting of asymptotically many copies, and determine the minimal probability of error. This leads to the identification of the quantum Chernoff bound, thereby solving a long-standing open problem. The bound reduces to the classical Chernoff bound when the quantum states under consideration commute. The quantum Chernoff bound is the natural symmetric distance measure between quantum states because of its clear operational meaning and because it does not seem to share some of the undesirable features of other distance measures.
Bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS. (1994)

Birmingham 25 97 95 93 Tower Hamlets 55 90 88 89 National 0 95 93 93pertussis (P3) uptake, and by 70 for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) at 2 years.3While family and social circumstances are clearly very important factors in influencing immunisation performance, the BMRB report identified the importance of the local management of the immunisation services in overcoming these impediments.In the table, the most recently available Liverpool immu- nisation uptake data is compared with that of a district with the closest match Jarman score, the English district with the highest Jarman score (most deprived) and the national aver- age.Even accepting the fallibility of the Jarman score and the lack of comparability of East Birmingham with Liverpool, there can be little doubt that Tower Hamlets is an appro- priate district for comparative purposes.Immunisation uptake is as high there for pertussis and MMR, clearly indicating that local management of the immunisation programme can overcome socioeconomic barriers to immunisation.