gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Autonomic Central Nervous System in Mediating and Modifying the Action of Cardiac Antiarrhythmic Drugsa (1984)

The autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic nervous system, plays an important role in initiating or perpetuating cardiac arrhythmias in various animal models and presumably also in man. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems interact in a complex manner in regulating the electrophysiologic properties of cardiac tissues. To the extent that a given arrhythmia is influenced by autonomic tone, the alteration in autonomic tone produced by an antiarrhythmic drug will modify the effects of the antiarrhythmic drug. Several antiarrhythmic drugs that are known to have direct electrophysiologic effects on cardiac tissues also reduce efferent sympathetic nerve activity by acting in the CNS. This centrally mediated effect on sympathetic activity likely plays an important role in the antiarrhythmic effects of these drugs. Other antiarrhythmic drugs interact directly with autonomic receptors on cardiac tissues in addition to producing their direct electrophysiological effects. The electrophysiologic effects of such antiarrhythmic drugs that interact with autonomic receptors are qualitatively modified by the magnitude and nature of the prevailing autonomic tone. These interactions between the autonomic nervous system and antiarrhythmic drugs must be kept in mind when the mechanism of action of these drugs is considered.
ERNN: A Biologically Inspired Feedforward Neural Network to Discriminate Emotion From EEG Signal (2013)

Emotions play an important role in human cognition, perception, decision making, and interaction. This paper presents a six-layer biologically inspired feedforward neural network to discriminate human emotions from EEG. The neural network comprises a shift register memory after spectral filtering for the input layer, and the estimation of coherence between each pair of input signals for the hidden layer. EEG data are collected from 57 healthy participants from eight locations while subjected to audio-visual stimuli. Discrimination of emotions from EEG is investigated based on valence and arousal levels. The accuracy of the proposed neural network is compared with various feature extraction methods and feedforward learning algorithms. The results showed that the highest accuracy is achieved when using the proposed neural network with a type of radial basis function.
XFastMesh: fast view-dependent meshing from external memory (2002)

We present a novel disk-based multiresolution triangle mesh data structure that supports paging and view-dependent rendering of very large meshes at interactive frame rates from external memory. Our approach, called XFastMesh, is based on a view-dependent mesh simplification framework that represents half-edge collapse operations in a binary hierarchy known as a merge-tree forest. The proposed technique partitions the merge-tree forest into so-called detail blocks, which consist of binary subtrees, that are stored on disk. We present an efficient external memory data structure and file format that stores all detail information of the multiresolution triangulation method using significantly less storage then previously reported approaches. Furthermore, we present a paging algorithm that provides efficient loading and interactive rendering of large meshes from external memory at varying and view-dependent level-of-detail. The presented approach is highly efficient both in terms of space cost and paging performance.
Machine Learning for Mechanical Ventilation Control (2021)

We consider the problem of controlling an invasive mechanical ventilator for pressure-controlled ventilation: a controller must let air in and out of a sedated patient's lungs according to a trajectory of airway pressures specified by a clinician. Hand-tuned PID controllers and similar variants have comprised the industry standard for decades, yet can behave poorly by over- or under-shooting their target or oscillating rapidly. We consider a data-driven machine learning approach: First, we train a simulator based on data we collect from an artificial lung. Then, we train deep neural network controllers on these simulators.We show that our controllers are able to track target pressure waveforms significantly better than PID controllers. We further show that a learned controller generalizes across lungs with varying characteristics much more readily than PID controllers do.
Synchronous multi-channel PD measurements (2008)

The synchronous, multi-channel PD measurements provide a new potential in location, identification and separation of multiple PD sources and their discrimination from external noise in variety of HV assets. The independent PD observers, like coupling capacitors, bushing taps, capacitive or inductive sensors made the multi-channel PD evaluation feasible on HV motors, generators, three phase transformers or single-line cable systems with cross-bonding links. Three different multi-channel PD evaluation techniques are proposed: 3-phase amplitude relation diagram (3PARD), 3-phase time relation diagram (3PTRD) and 3-channel frequency relation diagram (3CFRD). The successful application of all techniques is presented.
Toward predictable performance in software packet-processing platforms (2012)

Contention for shared resourcesâcaches, memory controllers, buses, NICsâis assumed to be a hurdle in optimizing and predicting the performance of multi-core software systems, especially packet-processing systems, which make extensive use of these resources. Recent projects have demonstrated the feasibility of building such systems with high and predictable performance, but they all make a crucial simplifying assumption: that all processing cores see identical input and run identical code on it, while all packets incur the same kind of conventional packet processing (e.g., IP forwarding). To generalize for realistic scenarios, we must accommodate multiple clients, running a range of both standard and sophisticated packet-processing applications. This introduces the question of how to configure and run a varied mix of packet-processing applications on modern multicore hardware, so as to achieve both ease of programmability and optimal, predictable performance. We set out to answer this question, and we reach a surprising conclusion: in a software-based packet-processing platform, if we follow a few basic programming and configuration rules, (a) contention affects performance in a predictable manner and (b) the effect depends very little on how we schedule different apps on different cores, i.e., contention-aware scheduling is not meaningful; in short, the most efficient way to manage contention is to mostly ignore it.
Inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by antazoline (2002)

We showed recently that imidazolines exert neuroprotection against hypoxia and NMDA toxicity in cerebellar and striatal neuronal cultures, through a voltage-dependent blockade of glutamatergic NMDA receptors. Here, we report that in striatal neuronal cultures from mouse embryos the imidazoline compound, antazoline, inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by acting at a phencyclidine-like site. This effect was fast, fully reversible, voltage-dependent and predominant on P/Q- and N-type Ca2+ channels. Taken together, these results suggest that imidazolines may elicit neuroprotective effects also by decreasing the release of glutamate through inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ channels.
Synthesis and characterization of glucuronides of cannabinol, cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (1977)

Partially purified glucuronyltransferase immobilized on beaded sepharose has been used to synthesize the glucuronide conjugates of cannabinol, cannabidol, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol. Trimethylsilylated methyl esters and per(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of these conjugates have been characterized by their gas chromatographic retention times and their electron impact and ammonia chemical ionization mass spectra.
Lipid-protein interactions mediate the photochemical function of rhodopsin (1988)

We have investigated the molecular features of recombinant membranes that are necessary for the photochemical function of rhodopsin. The magnitude of the metarhodopsin I to metarhodopsin II phototransient following a 25% +/- 3% bleaching flash was used as a criterion of photochemical activity at 28 degrees C and pH 7.0. Nativelike activity of rhodopsin can be reconstituted with an extract of total lipids from rod outer segment membranes, demonstrating that the protein is minimally perturbed by the reconstitution protocol. Rhodopsin photochemical activity is enhanced by phosphatidylethanolamine head groups and docosahexaenoyl (22:6 omega 3) acyl chains. An equimolar mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine containing 50 mol% docosahexaenoyl chains results in optimal photochemical function. These results suggest the importance of both the head-group and acyl chain composition of the rod outer segment lipids in the visual process. The extracted rod lipids and those lipid mixtures favoring the conformational change from metarhodopsin I to II can undergo lamellar (L alpha) to inverted hexagonal (HII) phase transitions near physiological temperature. Interaction of rhodopsin with membrane lipids close to a L alpha to HII (or cubic) phase boundary may thus lead to properties which influence the energetics of conformational states of the protein linked to visual function.
Perovskite hollow cubes: morphological control, three-dimensional twinning and intensely enhanced photoluminescence (2008)

Hollow sub-micrometer sized cubes of perovskite CaTiO3 with twinned and textured orthorhombic (pseudocubic) nanodomains in three dimensions are prepared via a facile solvothermal route from calcium nitrate and titanium n-butoxide in poly(ethylene glycol) solvent.
Choline, a Vital Amine (1998)

New evidence indicates that choline, a small vitamin, is essential for optimal brain development. In his Perspective, Blusztajn summarizes recent work that points to choline9s newly recognized importance, which has resulted in its reclassification as an essential nutrient by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.
Encapsulation of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for the Acoustic Communication between Medical Implants (2021)

The aim of this work was to extend conventional medical implants by the possibility of communication between them. For reasons of data security and transmitting distances, this communication should be realized using ultrasound, which is generated and detected by capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). These offer the advantage of an inherent high bandwidth and a high integration capability. To protect the surrounding tissue, it has to be encapsulated. In contrast to previous results of other research groups dealing with the encapsulation of CMUTs, the goal here is to integrate the CMUT into the housing of a medical implant. In this work, CMUTs were designed and fabricated for a center frequency of 2 MHz in water and experimentally tested on their characteristics for operation behind layers of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and titanium, two typical materials for the housings of medical implants. It could be shown that with silicone as a coupling layer it is possible to operate a CMUT behind the housing of an implant. Although it changes the characteristics of the CMUT, the setup is found to be well suited for communication between two transducers over a distance of at least 8 cm.
Aggregated eosinophils characterize airway mucus properties (2022)

Abstract Uncontrolled airway mucus is associated with diverse diseases. We hypothesized that the physical characteristics of infiltrating granulocytes themselves affect the clinical properties of mucus. Surgically obtained nasal mucus from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) and neutrophil-dominant non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS) was assessed in terms of computed tomography (CT) density, viscosity, water content, wettability, and granulocyte-specific proteins. In an observational study, we found that nasal mucus from patients with ECRS had significantly higher CT density, viscosity, dry weight, and hydrophobicity than mucus from patients with non-ECRS. The levels of eosinophil-specific proteins in nasal mucus correlated with its physical properties. When isolated human eosinophils and neutrophils were stimulated to induce extracellular traps followed by aggregate formation, we found that cell aggregates showed physical and pathological findings that closely resembled mucus. Co-treatment with heparin (which slenderizes the structure of eosinophil extracellular traps) and DNase efficiently induced a reduction in the viscosity and hydrophobicity of both eosinophil aggregates and eosinophilic mucus. The present study highlights the pathogenesis of mucus stasis in infiltrated granulocyte aggregates from a new perspective. The combination of DNase and heparin might be a novel therapeutic modality against pathologic viscous eosinophilic mucus. One Sentence Summary Intraluminal accumulation and activation of eosinophils contribute to the clinical properties of airway mucus and may serve as a therapeutic target.
Overlays and churn in WDM interconnected-ring metro networks (2002)

In WDM networks, multiple fibers are used to provide the needed capacity in highly congested routes. Such fiber overlays can also serve to limit the wavelength blocking experienced in transparent optical networks. In this paper we investigate the use of fiber overlays to manage connection blocking in transparent interconnected-ring networks. We show that fiber overlays help reduce wavelength blocking significantly. We derive the optimum number of ring overlays and show that churn has negligible impact on blocking.
A multicentre evaluation of the autograft procedure for young patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: update on the German Ross Registry (2015)

The autograft principle results in postoperative long-term survival comparable with that of the age- and gender-matched general population and reoperation rates within the 1%/patient-year boundaries and should be considered in young, active patients who want to avoid the shortcomings of conventional prostheses.
Preparation of enantiomeric pure (−)-(3R,4S)-1-benzyl-3,4-epoxypiperidine and enriched (−)-(R)-1-Benzyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by kinetic separation of (±)-1-benzyl-3,4-epoxypiperidine under the action of chiral lithium amides (2008)

Enantiomeric pure (−)-(3R,4S)-1-benzyl-3,4-epoxypiperidine and (−)-(R)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine with enantiomeric excess 61.9% were obtained by kinetic separation of (±)-1-benzyl-3,4-epoxypiperidine under the action of lithium salt (+)-(S)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine. The sterical direction of the kinetic separation of (±)-1-benzyl-3,4-epoxypiperidine and absolute configurations of the target products were established.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect Centers in Heavy‐Metal Fluoride Glasses (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interoperation support for electronic business (2000)

-commerce is not simply about business transactions that run over the Internet, but is fundamentally about the flow of information. Nowadays the boundaries of organizations are more fluid than they used to be. Supply-chain management forces companies to streamline the ways they manufacture, distribute, and sell products and ultimately will improve the way organizations conduct business. The supply-chain cycle begins with a customer's order. The manufacturer passes the order through the usual intra-enterprise activities, for example, sales, marketing, manufacturing, distribution, purchasing, and fiscal accounting. Usually the manufacturer turns to outside support from suppliers, utilities, transportation, and other providers of goods and services that are needed to make the product. The information exchange pertains to such matters as requests for quote, bids, purchase orders, order confirmations, shipping documents, invoices and payment information. In this way multiple enterprises within a shared market segment collaboratively plan, implement, and manage the flow of goods, services, and information along the value system in a way that increases customer-perceived value and optimizes the efficiency of the chain Company value chains are transformed into integrated value systems if they are designed to act as an "extended enterprise," creating and enhancing customer-perceived value by means of cross-enterprise collaboration.
An Improved Approximation Algorithm for the Column Subset Selection Problem (2008)

We consider the problem of selecting the best subset of exactly $k$ columns from an $m \times n$ matrix $A$. We present and analyze a novel two-stage algorithm that runs in $O(\min\{mn^2,m^2n\})$ time and returns as output an $m \times k$ matrix $C$ consisting of exactly $k$ columns of $A$. In the first (randomized) stage, the algorithm randomly selects $Θ(k \log k)$ columns according to a judiciously-chosen probability distribution that depends on information in the top-$k$ right singular subspace of $A$. In the second (deterministic) stage, the algorithm applies a deterministic column-selection procedure to select and return exactly $k$ columns from the set of columns selected in the first stage. Let $C$ be the $m \times k$ matrix containing those $k$ columns, let $P_C$ denote the projection matrix onto the span of those columns, and let $A_k$ denote the best rank-$k$ approximation to the matrix $A$. Then, we prove that, with probability at least 0.8, $$ \FNorm{A - P_CA} \leq Θ(k \log^{1/2} k) \FNorm{A-A_k}. $$ This Frobenius norm bound is only a factor of $\sqrt{k \log k}$ worse than the best previously existing existential result and is roughly $O(\sqrt{k!})$ better than the best previous algorithmic result for the Frobenius norm version of this Column Subset Selection Problem (CSSP). We also prove that, with probability at least 0.8, $$ \TNorm{A - P_CA} \leq Θ(k \log^{1/2} k)\TNorm{A-A_k} + Θ(k^{3/4}\log^{1/4}k)\FNorm{A-A_k}. $$ This spectral norm bound is not directly comparable to the best previously existing bounds for the spectral norm version of this CSSP. Our bound depends on $\FNorm{A-A_k}$, whereas previous results depend on $\sqrt{n-k}\TNorm{A-A_k}$; if these two quantities are comparable, then our bound is asymptotically worse by a $(k \log k)^{1/4}$ factor.
Biochemical and Genetic Evidence for the Hepatitis B Virus Replication Strategy (1986)

Hepatitis B viruses synthesize their open circular DNA genomes by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. The details of this process have been examined with the use of mammalian hepatitis B viruses to map the sites for initiation and termination of DNA synthesis and to explore the consequences of mutations introduced at short, separated direct repeats (DR1 and DR2) implicated in the mechanisms of initiation. The first DNA strand to be synthesized is initiated within DR1, apparently by a protein primer, and the completed strand has a short terminal redundancy. In contrast, the second DNA strand begins with the sequence adjacent to DR2, but its 5' end is joined to an oligoribonucleotide that contains DR1; thus the putative RNA primer has been transposed to the position of DR2. It is now possible to propose a detailed strategy for reverse transcription by hepatitis B viruses that can be instructively compared with that used by retroviruses.
Hydroxyl-free quartz glass for low-loss fiber optical waveguides and its comparative radiation-optical properties (1977)

A method was developed for the electrovacuum fabrication of very pure quartz glass completely free of hydroxyl ions. The optical losses of this glass in the 0.6–1.1 μ range were found to be 10 dB/km, which made the glass suitable for fiber optics applications. A study was made of the increase in the optical losses under the action of γ rays. The resistance of the new glass to the effect of small (104–105 rad) γ-ray doses was inferior to that of the KSG glass but, at high doses (108 rad), the resistance was comparable for the two glasses. It was concluded that the resistance of the new glass to γ-ray effects was limited by the presence of modifier ions in the glass network.
Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling in the Bladder and Urethra in Feline Interstitial Cystitis (2018)

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating chronic disease of unknown etiology. A naturally occurring disease termed feline interstitial cystitis (FIC) reproduces many features of IC/BPS patients. To gain insights into mechanisms underlying IC/BPS, we investigated pathological changes in the lamina propria (LP) of the bladder and proximal urethra in cats with FIC, using histological and molecular methods. Compared to control cat tissue, we found an increased number of de-granulated mast cells, accumulation of leukocytes, increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 expression in the bladder LP, and increased COX-2 expression in the urethra LP from cats with FIC. We also found increased suburothelial proliferation, evidenced by mucosal von Brunn's nests, neovascularization and alterations in elastin content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed normal appearance of the superficial urethral epithelium, including the neuroendocrine cells (termed paraneurons), in FIC urethrae. Together, these histological findings suggest the presence of chronic inflammation of unknown origin leading to tissue remodeling. Since the mucosa functions as part of a "sensory network" and urothelial cells, nerves and other cells in the LP are influenced by the composition of the underlying tissues including the vasculature, the changes observed in the present study may alter the communication of sensory information between different cellular components. This type of mucosal signaling can also extend to the urethra, where recent evidence has revealed that the urethral epithelium is likely to be part of a signaling system involving paraneurons and sensory nerves. Taken together, our data suggest a more prominent role for chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling than previously thought, which may result in alterations in mucosal signaling within the urinary bladder and proximal urethra that may contribute to altered sensations and pain in cats and humans with this syndrome.
Hypervisors for Consumer Electronics (2009)

Virtualization, well established in enterprise computing, is finding its way into embedded systems. However, the use cases differ dramatically between the domains, and this results in significant differences in the requirements on the virtual-machine technology. This paper examines a number of typical virtualization use cases from the CE domain, and the resulting requirements imposed on the hypervisor. We find that enterprise-style hypervisors are ill-matched to the requirements of the embedded domain, which are characterised by low-overhead communication, realtime capability, small memory footprint, small trusted computing base, and fine-grained control over security. We present the OKL4 hypervisor, a member of the L4 microkernel family, designed for embedded-systems use. We outline OKL4's relevant properties with an emphasis on its security mechanisms, and compare its performance to a version of Xen that has recently been promoted for CE use. We conclude that OKL4 is superior to enterprise-style hypervisors for use in CE devices.