gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current perspectives on biological approaches for osteoarthritis (2017)

Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries that disrupt the structure and function of diarthrodial joints can cause permanent biomechanical alterations and lead to a more severe, chronic condition. Despite advancements that have been made to restore tissue function and delay the need for joint replacement, there are currently no disease‐modifying therapies for osteoarthritis (OA). To reduce the risk of OA, innovative preventive medicine approaches have been developed over the last decade to treat the underlying pathology. Several biological approaches are promising treatment modalities for various stages of OA owing to their minimally invasive nature and actively dynamic physiological mechanisms that attenuate tissue degradation and inflammatory responses. Individualized growth factor and cytokine therapies, tissue‐engineered biomaterials, and cell‐based therapies have revolutionary potential for orthopedic applications; however, the paucity of standardization and categorization of biological components and their counterparts has made it difficult to determine their clinical and biological efficacy. Cell‐based therapies and tissue‐engineered biologics have become lucrative in sports medicine and orthopedics; nonetheless, there is a continued effort to produce a biological treatment modality tailored to target intra‐articular structures that recapitulates tissue function. Advanced development of these biological treatment modalities will potentially optimize tissue healing, regeneration, and joint preservation strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review current concepts on several biological treatment approaches for OA.
"TWELVE WEEKS TO HEALTH"—A DENIAL (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent circular to certain members of the medical profession distributed through Funk and Wagnails Company, our names were used as endorsing a course entitled "Twelve Weeks to Health" by one Arthur A. McGovern of New York. We wish to state that in this circumstance our names were used without our knowledge or consent.
Is the Abdominal Repair of Rectal Prolapse Safer than Perineal Repair in the Highest Risk Patients? An NSQIP Analysis (2012)

Hospital mortality for the surgical repair of rectal prolapse is uncommon. The decision to choose the abdominal approach for the repair of rectal prolapse may not be as prohibitive as previously thought for higher-risk patients. Because of the broad range of functionality within each ASA classification, the operation offered should always be individualized, and patient selection is the most important factor.
Lead-catalysed specific cleavage of ribosomal RNAs (1997)

Ribosomes have long been known to require divalent metal ions for their functional integrity. Pb2+-induced cleavage of the sugar-phosphate backbone has now been used to probe for metal binding sites in rRNA. Only three prominent Pb2+cleavages have been detected, with cleavage sites 5' of G240 in 16S rRNA and two sites 5' of A505 and C2347 in 23S rRNA. All cleavages occur in non-paired regions of the secondary structure models of the rRNAs and can be competed for by high concentrations of Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions, suggesting that lead is bound to general metal binding sites. Although Pb2+ cleavage is very efficient, ribosomes with fragmented RNAs are still functional in binding tRNA and in peptidyl transferase activity, indicating that the scissions do not significantly alter ribosomal structure. One of the lead cleavage sites (C2347 in 23S RNA) occurs in the vicinity of a region which is implicated in tRNA binding and peptidyl transferase activity. These results are discussed in the light of a recent model which proposes that peptide bond formation might be a metal-catalysed process.
The management of industrial research and development (1990)

Tritium-labeled alpha-conotoxin G1 with a molar radioactivity of 35 Ci/mmol and full biological activity (according to the binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) was obtained by the high-temperature solid-state catalytic isotope exchange (HSCIE). The tritium distribution in the molecule of alpha-conotoxin G1 was revealed by 3H NMR spectroscopy. Tritium was found in all amino acid residues except for the Asn4-Pro5-Ala6 fragment. The data on the comparative reactivity of C-H bonds, the ab initio quantum-chemical calculation of the hydrogen exchange reaction, and the information on the spatial structures of alpha-conotoxin G1 in solution and in crystal state allowed us to establish that the reactivity of H atoms may be increased by their interaction with the electron donor O and N atoms at the transition state of the HSCIE reaction. A decrease in the rate of the HSCIE reaction could be caused by both a poor spatial accessibility of C-H bonds and a limited mobility of the peptide fragment containing these bonds.
Laser beam smoothing and backscatter saturation processes in plasmas relevant to National Ignition Facility hohlraums (1998)

We have used gas-filled targets irradiated at the Nova laser to simulate National Ignition Facility (NlF) hohlraum plasmas and to study the dependence of Stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) Scattering on beam smoothing at a range of laser intensities (3{omega}, 2 - 4 10{sup 15}Wcm{sup -2}) and plasma conditions. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of polarization smoothing as a potential upgrade to the NIF. Experiments with higher intensities and higher densities characteristic of 350eV hohlraum designs indicate that with appropriate beam smoothing the backscatter from such hohlraums may be tolerable.
PET Imaging of Acidic Tumor Environment With 89Zr-labeled pHLIP Probes (2022)

Acidosis of the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of tumor progression and has emerged as an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment response. A tool for quantitatively visualizing the acidic tumor environment could significantly advance our understanding of the behavior of aggressive tumors, improving patient management and outcomes. <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled pH-low insertion peptides (pHLIP) are a class of radiopharmaceutical imaging probes for the <i>in vivo</i> analysis of acidic tumor microenvironments <i>via</i> positron emission tomography (PET). Their unique structure allows them to sense and target acidic cancer cells. In contrast to traditional molecular imaging agents, pHLIP's mechanism of action is pH-dependent and does not rely on the presence of tumor-specific molecular markers. In this study, one promising acidity-imaging PET probe ([<sup>89</sup>Zr]Zr-DFO-Cys-Var3) was identified as a candidate for clinical translation.
Neuronize v2: Bridging the Gap Between Existing Proprietary Tools to Optimize Neuroscientific Workflows (2020)

Knowledge about neuron morphology is key to understanding brain structure and function. There are a variety of software tools that are used to segment and trace the neuron morphology. However, these tools usually utilize proprietary formats. This causes interoperability problems since the information extracted with one tool cannot be used in other tools. This article aims to improve neuronal reconstruction workflows by facilitating the interoperability between two of the most commonly used software tools-Neurolucida (NL) and Imaris (Filament Tracer). The new functionality has been included in an existing tool-Neuronize-giving rise to its second version. Neuronize v2 makes it possible to automatically use the data extracted with Imaris Filament Tracer to generate a tracing with dendritic spine information that can be read directly by NL. It also includes some other new features, such as the ability to unify and/or correct inaccurately-formed meshes (i.e., dendritic spines) and to calculate new metrics. This tool greatly facilitates the process of neuronal reconstruction, bridging the gap between existing proprietary tools to optimize neuroscientific workflows.
Online Successive Convex Approximation for Two-Stage Stochastic Nonconvex Optimization (2018)

Two-stage stochastic optimization, in which a long-term master problem is coupled with a family of short-term subproblems, plays a critical role in various application areas. However, most existing algorithms for two-stage stochastic optimization only work for special cases, and/or are based on the batch method, which requires huge memory and computational complexity. To the best of our knowledge, there still lack efficient and general two-stage online stochastic optimization algorithms. This paper proposes a two-stage online successive convex approximation (TOSCA) algorithm for general two-stage nonconvex stochastic optimization problems. At each iteration, the TOSCA algorithm first solves one short-term subproblem associated with the current realization of the system state. Then, it constructs a convex surrogate function for the objective of the long-term master problem. Finally, the long-term variables are updated by solving a convex approximation problem obtained by replacing the objective function in the long-term master problem with the convex surrogate function. We establish the almost sure convergence of the TOSCA algorithm and customize the algorithmic framework to solve three important application problems. Simulations show that the TOSCA algorithm can achieve superior performance over existing solutions.
The Span-ring Transmission Algorithm of Interconnected Resilient Rings (2005)

The span-ring transmission algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of the MAC structure of RPRX node. The simulation results show that the algorithm can guarantee a steady and credible transmission of the span-ring frame.
Scoring Systems for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Past, Present, and Future (2009)

The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can be challenging due to the variable clinical and laboratory findings. The original diagnostic criteria published in 1993 by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) were revised in 1999 in an attempt to standardize the diagnosis. However, these criteria are complex and can be cumbersome in clinical practice. In 2008, simplified diagnostic criteria were reported to facilitate the bedside diagnosis of AIH. The scoring systems have been evaluated in several retrospective case series and tested for their ability to reliably diagnose and exclude AIH. However, the scoring systems did not fare as well in patients with concomitant cholestatic disease, fatty liver disease, fulminant hepatitis, and pediatric patients. Both positive and negative predictive values are low in these patients. Prospective studies are needed to compare the two scoring systems to determine which (if not all) patients require liver biopsy and which patients would benefit from immunotherapy.
Panel on concurrency (1987)

article Free Access Share on Panel on concurrency Author: Eliot Moss University of Massachusetts University of MassachusettsView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 23Issue 5May 1988 pp 119–127https://doi.org/10.1145/62139.62155Published:01 January 1987Publication History 4citation237DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads237Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Aggregation Behavior and Antimicrobial Activity of Ester-Functionalized Imidazolium- and Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution (2013)

Two series of long chain imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids containing an ester functional group in the alkyl side chain, 3-methyl-1-alkyloxycarbonylmethylimidazolium bromides (C(n)EMeImBr) and 1-alkyloxycarbonylmethylpyridinium bromides (C(n)EPyrBr), were synthesized and their thermal stability, aggregation behavior in aqueous medium, and antimicrobial activity investigated. The introduction of an ester group decreased the thermal stability of the functionalized ILs compared to simple alkyl chain containing ILs (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromides and 1-alkylpyridinium bromides). Tensiometry, conductimetry, and spectrofluorimetry were applied to study the self-aggregation of the amphiphilic ILs in aqueous solution. The ILs investigated displayed surface activity and the characteristic chain length dependence of the micellization process of surfactants. As compared to simple alkyl chain containing ILs bearing the same hydrocarbon chain, ester-functionalized ILs possess higher adsorption efficiency (pC(20)) and significantly lower critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension at the cmc (γ(cmc)), indicating that the incorporation of an ester group promotes adsorption at the air/water interface and micelle formation. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. ILs containing more than eight carbon atoms in the alkyl chain showed antimicrobial activity. Their efficiency as antimicrobial agents increased with the hydrophobicity of the amphiphilic cation being the C(12) homologous the most active compounds. The incorporation of an ester group particularly increased the biological activity against fungi.
Affordance application on visual interface design of desk-top virtual experiments (2014)

The concept of affordance which adopted by graphical and instructional design is mainly refers to the potential operational possibilities that novice users could naturally perceive during a designated human-computer interaction context. This study discussed affordances of visual interface design in the context of a desk-top virtual experiment setting, of primary concern were utilizing affordance into visual interface design procedure of virtual learning environments. We proposed the Affordance Model of Interface Design for Virtual Experiment setting through in-depth analysis which explain the relationship between affordance and virtual experiment from perspectives such as cognitive affordance, physical affordance, functional and perceptual affordance. The framework stresses the importance of providing learners with an engaging learning situation and environment. A correspoding case study, University Physics Virtual Experiment was introduced in order to analysis the design principles grounded in affordance model. Paper conclusion showed that virtual learning environment which contains the possibility of experiencing proper affordance design can certainly lead to optimal learning state. The work explores ways to jump-start further understanding toward visual interface design for related designers and practitioners before substantial progress can be made.
An OFDMA based concurrent multiuser MAC for upcoming IEEE 802.11ax (2015)

Recently, IEEE drew up a new task group named TGax to draft out the standard IEEE 802.11ax for next generation WLANs. However, the average throughput is very low due to the current medium access control (MAC) protocol. A promising solution for this problem is to draw Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) into IEEE 802.11ax to enable multiuser access. The key challenges of adopting OFDMA are synchronization and overhead reduction. In this paper, we propose an OFDMA based Multiple Access for IEEE 802.11ax (OMAX) protocol to solve both two challenges above. The whole channel physical channel sensing and fast backoff are adopted to ensure synchronization, while enhanced RTS/CTS mechanism and new frame structure are designed to reduce overhead. Moreover, the mathematic model of OMAX is formulated, and the performance of OMAX is analyzed. The analysis and simulation result indicate that the proposed OMAX protocol increases the throughput to 160%.
Layer-by-Layer Growth and Condensation Reactions of Niobate and Titanoniobate Thin Films (1999)

Thin films were grown on amine-primed Si and glass substrates by sequential adsorption reactions of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and anionic colloids derived from HTiNbO5 and HCa2Nb3O10. The acid−base chemistry of polycation/polyanion adsorption was studied in detail for PAH/HTiNbO5. The pKa of PAH, defined as the pH at which it is half protonated, is 8.7. Titanoniobate colloids, prepared by reaction of HTiNbO5 with tetra(n-butylammonium) hydroxide, TBA+OH-, are unilamellar at pH ≥ 8.5 and restack below pH 7.0. Efficient tiling of a PAH-terminated surface by a layer of unilamellar titanoniobate sheets occurs only at intermediate pH values (8.5−9.0). At lower pH, the colloid restacks on the surface, and at higher pH, only partial coverage by single sheets is observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). At pH 8.5, high-quality multilayer films can be grown by sequentially adsorbing PAH with either the titanoniobate or niobate colloid. TGA/DTA studies of bulk PAH/titanoniobate intercalation compounds show that they decompose oxidatively to form HTiNbO5 at 310−350 °C and that this decomposition is followed by interlayer condensation to make Ti2Nb2O9. A similar process occurs in the PAH/titanioniobate multilayer films at 350 °C.
Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Risk Analysis of the Continued Storage of Chemical Munitions (1987)

This document has been prepared for the U.S. Army to support the Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. This report describes the results of a comprehensive probabilistic assessment of the frequency and magnitude of chemical agent release associated with the storage of chemical munitions at eight U.S. Army installations. Both internal accident initiators (e.g., human error) and external accident initiators (e.g., earthquakes) were analyzed. Keywords: Chemical stockpile, Chemical munitions, Storage of chemical munitions, Risk analysis, Hazards analysis, Probabilistic risk assessment.
Behavioural and physiological responses in early life phases of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchusMitchill 1815) towards different substrates (2009)

The physiological and behavioural responses of early life phases in American Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) towards sand and gravel substrate were examined during the first 15 days post-hatch. The free embryos were reared in circular tanks with approximately 30% of the bottom surface covered with either coarse gravel or sand. A group reared in tanks without additional substrate served as a control. Diurnal differences in activity patterns were observed. Substrate use by the free embryos revealed significant differences during the first 5 days post-hatch, being higher in the gravel group than in the sand group. The results in size of the free embryos revealed significant differences, with the gravel group showing the lowest total length and wet mass until the onset of exogenous feeding – although dry mass and energy contents were highest. In contrast, length and wet mass during yolk sac absorption were highest in the control group, but energy content at onset of exogenous feeding was 14% lower compared to the gravel group. The onset of exogenous feeding in the gravel group had a 1-day delay when compared to the two other treatments. On day 14, following the successful establishment of exogenous feed uptake, the specific growth rate in wet mass (SGR) for the gravel group (0.250 ± 0.088) exceeded those of the two other treatments (sand 0.132 ± 0.038 and control 0.095 ± 0.020) significantly (Dunn’s n = 10 and n = 5, P < 0.05), indicating a compensational growth pattern. Cortisol concentrations in free embryos did not differ significantly among the three groups, providing no evidence for differences in stress levels among the three treatments until onset of exogenous feeding. The results strongly suggest that gravel is the most beneficial substrate for free embryo development of American Atlantic Sturgeon, impacting the physiological performance of their early life phases and reducing predation.
n-3 Fatty Acid and Its Metabolite 18-HEPE Ameliorate Retinal Neuronal Cell Dysfunction by Enhancing Müller BDNF in Diabetic Retinopathy (2020)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a widespread vision-threatening disease, and neuroretinal abnormality should be considered as an important problem. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been considered as a possible treatment to prevent DR-induced neuroretinal damage, but how BDNF is upregulated in DR remains unclear. We found an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) in the vitreous of patients with DR. We confirmed that human retinal endothelial cells secreted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by high glucose, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reduced cell viability of MIO-M1, Müller glia cell line, PC12D, and the neuronal cell line and lowered BDNF expression in MIO-M1, whereas BDNF administration recovered PC12D cell viability. Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats showed reduced BDNF, which is mainly expressed in the Müller glia cell. Oral intake of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E) ameliorated BDNF reduction and oscillatory potentials (OPs) in electroretinography (ERG) in DR. Mass spectrometry revealed an increase in several EPA metabolites in the eyes of EPA-E-fed rats. In particular, an EPA metabolite, 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), induced BDNF upregulation in Müller glia cells and recovery of OPs in ERG. Our results indicated diabetes-induced oxidative stress attenuates neuroretinal function, but oral EPA-E intake prevents retinal neurodegeneration via BDNF in Müller glia cells by increasing 18-HEPE in the early stages of DR.
INTRODUCTION (2003)

Since its origins in early modernity, liberalism has always been a hotly debated issue. One charge frequently raised is that liberalism mirrors a lack of ethical substance in modern society, a society that seemingly loses its normative cohesiveness, and hence can be held together only by a set of abstract procedural rules. By providing such a formal framework for a modus vivendi within an "atomized society," liberalism purportedly amounts at best to a minimalist and formalist morality, if not to an ideology of self-centered individuals who are chiefly concerned with their own physical or economic well-being.