gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-weighted MRI in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Response Marker (2019)

Background Treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer results in a relapse rate of 75%. Early markers of response would enable optimization of management and improved outcome in both primary and recurrent disease. Purpose To assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), derived from diffusion-weighted MRI, as an indicator of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter trial (from 2012-2016) recruited participants with stage III or IV ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer (newly diagnosed, cohort one; relapsed, cohort two) scheduled for platinum-based chemotherapy, with interval debulking surgery in cohort one. Cohort one underwent two baseline MRI examinations separated by 0-7 days to assess ADC repeatability; an additional MRI was performed after three treatment cycles. Cohort two underwent imaging at baseline and after one and three treatment cycles. ADC changes in responders and nonresponders were compared (Wilcoxon rank sum tests). PFS and overall survival were assessed by using a multivariable Cox model. Results A total of 125 participants (median age, 63.3 years [interquartile range, 57.0-70.7 years]; 125 women; cohort one, <i>n</i> = 47; cohort two, <i>n</i> = 78) were included. Baseline ADC (range, 77-258 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) was repeatable (upper and lower 95% limits of agreement of 12 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> [95% confidence interval {CI}: 6 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> to 18 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>] and -15 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> [95% CI: -21 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> to -9 × 10<sup>-5</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>]). ADC increased in 47% of cohort two after one treatment cycle, and in 58% and 53% of cohorts one and two, respectively, after three cycles. Percentage change from baseline differed between responders and nonresponders after three cycles (16.6% vs 3.9%; <i>P</i> = .02 [biochemical response definition]; 19.0% vs 6.2%; <i>P</i> = .04 [radiologic definition]). ADC increase after one cycle was associated with longer PFS in cohort two (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98; <i>P</i> = .03). ADC change was not indicative of overall survival for either cohort. Conclusion After three cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes are indicative of response. After one treatment cycle, increased ADC is indicative of improved progression-free survival in relapsed disease. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
Fabricable eulerian wires for 3D shape abstraction (2018)

We present a fully automatic method that finds a small number of machine fabricable wires with minimal overlap to reproduce a wire sculpture design as a 3D shape abstraction. Importantly, we consider non-planar wires, which can be fabricated by a wire bending machine, to enable efficient construction of complex 3D sculptures that cannot be achieved by previous works. We call our wires Eulerian wires , since they are as Eulerian as possible with small overlap to form the target design together. Finding such Eulerian wires is highly challenging, due to an enormous search space. After exploring a variety of optimization strategies, we formulate a population-based hybrid metaheuristic model, and design the join, bridge and split operators to refine the solution wire sets in the population. We start the exploration of each solution wire set in a bottom-up manner, and adopt an adaptive simulated annealing model to regulate the exploration. By further formulating a meta model on top to optimize the cooling schedule, and precomputing fabricable subwires, our method can efficiently find promising solutions with low wire count and overlap in one to two minutes. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method on a rich variety of wire sculptures, and physically fabricate several of them. Our results show clear improvements over other optimization alternatives in terms of solution quality, versatility, and scalability.
Let’s Go and Haul! A Square‐Rigger’s Guide to Weeding “Age of Sail” Collections in the 21st Century (2012)

This nautically tinged talk explores what happens when two academic libraries begin reshaping their approach to collection evaluation and management by designing programs for large‐scale, systematic collection review. At both libraries, methodical and comprehensive weeding had not taken place for decades, if ever. The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga restructured its collection practices by implementing a subject liaison program and creating a carefully phased review process in which discipline faculty were an integral part. Northern Michigan University set out to halve the size of its circulating collection within five years, as part of the library’s response to a campus‐wide strategic plan. Librarians, technical‐services and systems staff, and student workers in circulation and technical services collaborated on workflows for large‐scale review, withdrawal, and disposal of books, using patron input and careful analysis of acquisitions and circulation data. Both libraries developed new online avenues for soliciting active communicating with stakeholders and found common‐ground solutions to the inevitable conflicts. This program presents each library’s methods and early results, discusses the projects in the context of each respective library’s development and growth, and explores some of the logistical, philosophical, and political lessons learned.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of Al-Doped ZnO Nanosheets on Graphene-Based Flexible Substrates (2019)

In this work, Al-doped ZnO nanosheets (NSs) were successfully synthesized on graphene-coated polyethylene terephthalate (GPET) flexible substrate by hydrothermal method. Studies have indicated that with the addition of Al3+, the nanostructure of ZnO gradually grows from nanorods (NRs) to NSs, and the (100), (002) and (101) diffraction peak strength of ZnO that grow perpendicular to the substrate along the c-axis weakened. The mechanism of hydrothermal growth of Al-doped ZnO/GPET was also studied. The electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and it is concluded that Al-doped ZnO NSs grown on GPET substrates has better capacitance performance than undoped ZnO NRs.
Severe Hypothermia Increases the Risk for Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Infection (2012)

The presence of severe hypothermia is a risk factor for development of ICU-acquired infection in medical patients.
A Pivotal Medical-Device Case (2008)

This spring the Supreme Court of the United States will decide whether premarketing approval of a medical device by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) immunizes the manufacturer against product-liability litigation in state courts. This decision, we believe, is a matter of particular importance to patients and the medical community.On December 4, 2007, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in Riegel v. Medtronic.1 In May 1996, Charles Riegel underwent coronary angioplasty in Albany, New York. During the procedure, the balloon ruptured, and advanced cardiac life support and emergency coronary bypass surgery were needed. Mr. Riegel and his wife . . .
Data from Rapid Development of Hypertension by Sorafenib: Toxicity or Target? (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Blood pressure elevation is likely a pharmacodynamic marker of VEGF signaling pathway (VSP) inhibition and could be useful for optimizing safe and effective VSP inhibitor dosing. Blood pressure rises on the first day of treatment, facilitating design and interpretation of future trials aiming to correlate blood pressure changes with clinical outcomes. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5947–9)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
PROTON INJECTION INTO THE AGS BOOSTER (A MODEL STUDY IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE) (1991)

.
Comparative life cycle assessment of centralized and distributed biomass processing systems combined with mixed feedstock landscapes (2011)

Lignocellulosic biofuels can help fulfill escalating demands for liquid fuels and mitigate the environmental impacts of petroleum-derived fuels. Two key factors in the successful large-scale production of lignocellulosic biofuels are pretreatment (in biological conversion processes) and a consistent supply of feedstock. Cellulosic biomass tends to be bulky and difficult to handle, thereby exacerbating feedstock supply challenges. Currently, large biorefineries face many logistical problems because they are fully integrated, centralized facilities in which all units of the conversion process are present in a single location. The drawbacks of fully integrated biorefineries can potentially be dealt by a network of distributed processing facilities called ‘Regional Biomass Processing Depots’ (RBPDs) which procure, preprocess/pretreat, densify and deliver feedstock to the biorefinery and return by-products such as animal feed to end users. The primary objective of this study is to perform a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of distributed and centralized biomass processing systems. Additionally, we assess the effect that apportioning land area to different feedstocks within a landscape has on the energy yields and environmental impacts of the overall systems. To accomplish these objectives, we conducted comparative LCAs of distributed and centralized processing systems combined with farm-scale landscapes of varying acreages allocated to a ‘corn-system’ consisting of corn grain, stover and rye (grown as a winter double crop) and two perennial grasses, switchgrass and miscanthus. The distributed processing system yields practically the same total energy and generates 3.7% lower greenhouse gas emissions than the centralized system. Sensitivity analyses identified perennial grass yields, biomass densification and its corresponding energy requirements, transport energy requirements and carbon sequestration credits for conversion from annual to perennial crops as key parameters that significantly affect the overall results.
Effects of some ecological factors on Dothichiza populea Sacc. et Br. growth (2008)

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the mycelial growth and fruiting vigor of Dothichiza populea Sacc. et Br. under various temperatures, pH values, and light regimes. Effect of temperature on the fungus growth was examined by growing isolates in polythermostat at 5?C to 30?C. The best mycelial growth occurred at 20?C, while at 30?C it was inhibited. Fruiting of the fungus was not observed at 5?C, 25?C, and 30?C. However, the best fruiting of the isolates appeared at 20?C. The influence of different pH of the cultivation medium (3,5-10) on the fungus isolates growth was also evaluated. Optimal pH for the fungus growth ranged between 6 and 8, while formation of reproductive organs occurred at all pH values. The influence of two light regimes (light/dark regime and continuous dark) on the fungus growth was also studied. Obtained results showed that mycelial growth and fruiting of the fungus were considerably better under the light/dark regime.
Inter‐correlations between emitted lights and corresponding currents associated to different energy level spark discharges in mineral oil submitted to high‐voltage direct current stresses (2016)

The present work is devoted to the analysis of currents and emitted lights associated to electrical spark discharges in mineral oil in a point–plane electrode system under high‐voltage direct current stress. A systematic survey has been led on currents and emitted lights that characterise both positive and negative events through large applied field levels. On the other hand, interrelationships have been established between the currents and their corresponding emitted lights for all types of discharges. A particular attention will be accorded to the inter‐correlation function between the recorded currents and light emissions and between their corresponding fast Fourier transforms. In spite of the similar shapes, major differences have been found between the spectral behaviours between currents corresponding to low‐energy level discharges and those corresponding to high‐energy level ones. On the other hand, photonic signals are found to be more accurate and expressive than the recorded current ones to investigate the physicochemical processes involved in the degradation of the insulating properties of the oil. The total energies of all types of discharges are of comparable magnitudes for both polarities. Their derivatives, i.e. powers, dissipated along the propagation are more expressive of the nature of discharge.
Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes of a Glucose-Amended Agricultural Soil (2020)

The addition of glucose to soil has long been used to study the metabolic activity of microbes in soil; however, the response of the microbial ecophysiology remains poorly characterized. To address this, we sequenced the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of glucose-amended soil microbial communities in a laboratory incubation.
Differential hydrolytic degradation of dentin bonds when luting carbon fiber posts to the root canal (2011)

For the bonding systems tested, clinicians should consider that bond strength inside the root canal at apical half is lower than at coronal half irrespective of the adhesive system. The adhesion within the root canal is possible for SB1 XT and OBF groups unlike the AB2 group where adhesion to root canal dentine is not reliable. Nevertheless, apical half represents the worst scenario in which is possible to obtain a durable adhesion.
A photocurable leaky dielectric for highly electrical insulating electrohydrodynamic micro-/nanopatterns (2016)

This communication describes an innovative photocurable leaky dielectric for electrohydrodynamic patterning (EHDP). Based on the well-designed molecular structure, the material in its liquid state exhibits low viscosity, high homogeneity, and more importantly a leaky dielectric characteristic; meanwhile, UV light irradiation transforms it from a liquid leaky dielectric into a solid perfect dielectric instantaneously via an interfacial reaction. Two typical EHDP processes have confirmed that the beneficial properties of this material help to rapidly fulfill a higher aspect ratio and/or smaller feature size patterning compared to its perfect dielectric counterpart. Therefore, this material provides the potential in accessing high-performance EHDP towards fabricating electrically insulating micro-/nanostructures.
High-Throughput Selection System for Assessing the Activity of Epoxide Hydrolases (2006)

Crucial to the success of directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes for use as catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry is the availability of high-throughput assays for determining the enantiopurity of thousands of samples. Although several such ee-assays are available, they entail time and effort, which means that pre-tests for activity have been developed to eliminate non-active mutants prior to ee-screening. Pre-selection systems may be even more efficient and simple to perform. In the present paper an efficient pre-selection test for assessing the activity of epoxide hydrolases has been developed. The bacterial (E. coli) growth on agar plates is shown to be directly related to the presence of active epoxide hydrolases which catalyze the detoxicating hydrolysis of the epoxide substrates. Visual inspection of agar plates is all that is necessary to identify positive (active) hits in large libraries of mutant epoxide hydrolases.
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of a Ca2+-independent α-Latrotoxin-binding Protein (1996)

alpha-Latrotoxin, a black widow spider neurotoxin, can bind to high affinity receptors on the presynaptic plasma membrane and stimulate massive neurotransmitter release in the absence of Ca2+. Neurexins, previously isolated as alpha-latrotoxin receptors, require Ca2+ for their interaction with the toxin and, thus, may not participate in the Ca2+-independent alpha-latrotoxin activity. We now report the isolation of a novel protein that binds alpha-latrotoxin with high affinity in the presence of various divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+) as well as in EDTA. This protein, termed here latrophilin, has been purified from detergent-solubilized bovine brain membranes by affinity chromatography on immobilized alpha-latrotoxin and concentrated on a wheat germ agglutinin affinity column. The single polypeptide chain of latrophilin is N-glycosylated and has an apparent molecular weight of 120,000. Sucrose gradient centrifugations demonstrated that latrophilin and alpha-latrotoxin form a stable equimolar complex. In the presence of the toxin, anti-alpha-latrotoxin antibodies precipitated iodinated latrophilin, whose binding to immobilized toxin was characterized by a dissociation constant of 0.5-0.7 nM. This presumably membrane-bound protein is localized to and differentially distributed among neuronal tissues, with about four times more latrophilin expressed in the cerebral cortex than in the cerebellum; subcellular fractionation showed that the protein is highly enriched in synaptosomal plasma membranes. Our data suggest that latrophilin may represent the Ca2+-independent receptor and/or molecular target for alpha-latrotoxin.
Bacterial 16S Sequence Analysis of Severe Caries in Young Permanent Teeth (2010)

Previous studies have confirmed the association of the acid producers Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. with childhood caries, but they also suggested these microorganisms are not sufficient to explain all cases of caries. In addition, health-associated bacterial community profiles are not well understood, including the importance of base production and acid catabolism in pH homeostasis. The bacterial community composition in health and in severe caries of the young permanent dentition was compared using Sanger sequencing of the ribosomal 16S rRNA genes. Lactobacillus species were dominant in severe caries, and levels rose significantly as caries progressed from initial to deep lesions. S. mutans was often observed at high levels in the early stages of caries but also in some healthy subjects and was not statistically significantly associated with caries progression in the overall model. Lactobacillus or S. mutans was found either at low levels or not present in several samples. Other potential acid producers observed at high levels in these subjects included strains of Selenomonas, Neisseria, and Streptococcus mitis. Propionibacterium FMA5 was significantly associated with caries progression but was not found at high levels. An overall loss of community diversity occurred as caries progressed, and species that significantly decreased included the Streptococcus mitis-S. pneumoniae-S. infantis group, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus cristatus, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Eubacterium IR009, Campylobacter rectus, and Lachnospiraceae sp. C1. The relationship of acid-base metabolism to 16S rRNA gene-based species assignments appears to be complex, and metagenomic approaches that would allow functional profiling of entire genomes will be helpful in elucidating the microbial pathogenesis of caries.
Posterior Medial Meniscus Root Tears Potentiate the Effect of Increased Tibial Slope on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Forces (2019)

Defining the relationship between tibial slope and varying states of meniscal insufficiency can help determine when it may be necessary to perform a slope-decreasing proximal tibial osteotomy before ACLR and meniscal repair.
It’s not arthritis! Resolution of the illusion of joint space narrowing with acetabuloplasty and labral reconstruction for the calcified labrum (2022)

Labral calcification may be part of the natural history of untreated femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in certain patients, making it a potential target for intervention with the goal of preserving the hip joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate if calcified labra create the appearance of lateral joint space narrowing and report minimum 2-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after treating patients with arthroscopic acetabuloplasty and labral reconstruction. Prospectively collected data on patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS and labral tearing from February 2015 to April 2021 were reviewed. Patients treated with primary labral reconstruction for an intraoperatively confirmed diagnosis of labral calcification were included. A sub-analysis was performed for patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative PROMs for the modified Harris hip score, nonarthritic hip score, the International Hip Outcome Tool-12 and visual analog scale for pain were recorded. Forty-six hips (46 patients) were included, with 19 hips in the sub-analysis. There was a significant increase in apparent lateral joint space width (JSW) measured on supine anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs with no significant changes in medial and central JSW and significant decreases in the lateral and anterior center-edge angles and alpha angle. Patients experienced significant increases in PROMs and high rates of achieving psychometric thresholds. Patients presenting with FAIS and calcified labra may have apparent lateral joint space narrowing on pre-operative supine AP pelvis radiographs. These patients have low rates of full-thickness femoral head and acetabular cartilage pathology, this apparent narrowing can be corrected and excellent outcomes and survivorship can be achieved, with primary labral reconstruction.
Hedgehog Hives (1999)

A variety of dermatologic disorders may be seen in handlers of hedgehogs. Due to the increasing popularity of these animals as pets, it is likely that these reactions will be noted more frequently by dermatologists. The presence of allergies to other pets may be predictive of hedgehog hives and further investigation of the cross reaction of various animal antigens may clarify this relationship.
Comparing targeted thrust manipulation with general thrust manipulation in patients with low back pain. A general approach is as effective as a specific one. A randomised controlled trial (2019)

ISRCTN11994230.
Metric Representations and Metric Well-Formedness (2004)

Abstract A cyclical, time-continuous representation for meter is given. Rapid periodicities are marked on the outer rim of a circle, while slower periodicities (i.e., “higher” metrical levels) are drawn within it. Various notions of metric well-formedness are then considered. Five well-formedness constraints are proposed, involving (a) limits on the fastest and slowest possible periodicities that may be metrically salient; (b) that all component periodicities be continuous and coordinated; and (c) that each metrical level must involve periodicities in the same temporal range. A particular organization of metrical cycles is a metrical type, which may be distinguished by the number of periodicities they involve (metric depth) and their interrelationships. The music-theoretic distinction between meter and hypermeter is subsumed under the notion of metrical type. Metrical types can further be distinguished by tempo.