gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic internal fixation of the periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty (2004)

Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total hip arthroplasty are a big orthopaedic problem, particularly in elderly patients and quite a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. There is no universal method in treating these fractures. Rigid plates fixation can be limited and aggravated especially in the proximal part of the femur where the endoprosthesis stem does not allow for an undisturbed fixation of both femur cortexes by means of screws. Mitkovic's dynamic internal fixator is an original implant allowing for an undisturbed fixation of both femur cortexes regardless of the presence of the endoprosthesis stem. Fixation is made possible by means of movable clamps and a convergent possibility to place screws. A dynamic internal fixator can fix all types of periprosthetic femoral fractures. The paper shows the early experience in fixating periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty in 14 patients, average age 69.7. According to Vancouver classification, 3 patients had the type A fracture, 9 patients had the type B fracture, and 2 patients had the type C fracture. All fractures were fixed by Mitkovic's dynamic internal fixator. The fracture occurred 2-12 years after primary total hip arthroplasty. The follow-up of the operated patients was 12 months. The method is less invasive than the methods described in books. Mechanical complications are not likely to appear due to the fracture dynamics along the femoral shaft axis, which is made possible by this implant. Our initial experience in femur fracture fixation after hip arthroplasty ahows that it is modern and effective dynamic implant which will contribute significantly to the improving of the treatment of these often very complicated fractures.
A Model-based Motion Cueing strategy for compact driving simulation platforms (2012)

Driving simulators are widely used in different applications: driver training, vehicle development, and medical studies. To fully exploit the potential of such devices, it is crucial to develop motion control strategies that generate realistic driving feelings. This has to be achieved while keeping the platform within its limited operation space. Such strategies are called motion cueing algorithms. In this paper a particular implementation of a motion cueing algorithm is described, based on Model Predictive Control technique. A distinctive feature of such approach is that it exploits a detailed model of the human vestibular system, and consequently differs from standard motion cueing strategies based on washout filters. The algorithm has been evaluated experimentally on a small-size, innovative platform, by performing tests with professional drivers. Results show that the MPC-based motion cueing algorithm allows to effectively handle the platform working area and to devise simple and intuitive tuning procedures.
Muscle Fiber Types: How Many and What Kind? (1970)

STUDIES on normal and pathological striated muscle are increasingly clouded by inconsistencies in the definition of fiber types and lack of correlation between different systems of nomenclature. The purpose of the present communication is to point out some of the problems involved in the classification of fibers and to add new information of value in the analysis of human biopsy material. The histochemical reaction for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and the pH lability of this reaction is used to characterize the various types of fibers. Material and Methods Muscle was obtained by biopsy in man, rat, and rabbit. Gastrocnemius and soleus were investigated in the animals. The human biopsies were taken from the biceps. The methods used for histochemical analysis have been given elsewhere. 1 In summary, unfixed frozen material was sectioned at 10μ thickness in the cryostat and the following histochemical reactions were carried out: (1) reduced diphosphopyridine
In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Girk2 Expression in the Developing Central Nervous System in Normal and Weaver Mice (1997)

A mutation in the gene Girk2 that encodes an inwardly rectifying potassium channel is the genetic defect causing the behavioral and pathologic abnormalities of the weaver mutant mouse. Of the pathologic abnormalities, the best studied is the neuronal degeneration that occurs in the cerebellar cortex and in the midbrain dopaminergic neurons. A detailed characterization of the topographic and temporal expression of Girk2 is fundamental to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in these mutant mice. In this study we utilized in situ hybridization to determine the expression of Girk2 mRNA during prenatal and postnatal development in the murine central nervous system (CNS). Girk2 expression was seen in multiple regions of embryonic CNS including the cerebellum and midbrain. During postnatal development, the highest expression was seen in the cerebellum, midbrain and hippocampus. However, since the developing cerebellum undergoes significant neuronal loss due to the degeneration of granule cell precursors, Girk2 mRNA expression in this area decreases progressively.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Preparation of N‐Alkyl‐2(1H)‐pyridones from 2‐Glycidoxypyridines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An observational field study on the effects of changes in shadow contrasts and noise on cattle movement in a small abattoir (2021)

This observational field study examined the effect of changes in shadow contrasts on the floor and noise on balking behavior during handling. Seventy-four Bos taurus beef cattle were observed during handling at a small abattoir. Shadow contrast type (none, soft, sharp) was recorded during three stages of handling (unloading, lairage to single-file alley and into stun box). Cattle balking behavior (stop, put head down, back up) and aversive handling (electric prod, tail twist) were recorded for each shadow contrast type and the presence or absence of a noisy rendering truck. Sharp contrast shadows increased balking behavior compared to soft contrast shadows or none during unloading (X<sup>2</sup> = 12.4, P < 0.001). The noisy truck increased balking behavior during handling from the lairage holding pens to the single-file alley (P < 0.001) and during movement into the stun box (P = 0.001). Sharp contrast shadows on the floor from lighting changes and noise from the truck increased balking behavior in cattle.
Development of a Detailed Human Spine Model with Haptic Interface (2012)

The human spine is an important structure, providing strength and support as well as permitting the body to bend, stretch, rotate and lean. It is also a vulnerable part of our skeleton open to disease and injuries like whiplash, low back pain, scoliosis etc. Whiplash is a frequent consequence of rear-end automobile accidents and has been a significant public health problem for many years with injury to one or more ligaments, intervertebral discs, facet joints or muscles of the neck. Low back pain is a very common disease and strongly associated with degeneration of intervertebral discs This causes health risks of the lumbar spine, especially for the three lower vertebrae L3-L5. 80% of people in the United States will have lower back pain at some point in their life Scoliosis is a less common but more complicated spinal disorder, being a congenital 3D deformity of the spine and trunk affecting 1.5-3% of the population. In severe cases, surgical correction is required to stabilize the scoliosis curvature. Studies into the treatment of these spinal diseases have played an important role in modern medicine. Many biomechanical models have been proposed to study dynamic behavior and biomechanics of the human spine, to develop new implants and new surgical strategies for treating these spinal diseases.
Identification, Synthesis, and Characterization of New Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors Binding to the Allosteric AMP Site (2004)

Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) has attracted considerable attention during the last five to 10 years as a means of treating the elevated hepatic glucose production seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. Several different GP inhibitors binding to various binding sites of the GP enzyme have been reported in the literature. In this paper we report on a novel class of compounds that have been identified as potent GP inhibitors. Their synthesis, mode of binding to the allosteric AMP site as well as in vitro data on GP inhibition are shown. The most potent inhibitor was found to be 4-[2,4-bis-(3-nitrobenzoylamino)phenoxy]phthalic acid (4j) with an IC(50) value of 74 nM. This compound together with a closely related analogue was further characterized by enzyme kinetics and in primary rat hepatocytes.
Hall of Fame Article: Covalent Organic Frameworks for Water Treatment (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 1/2021) (2021)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer materials with highly tunable and uniform pore geometry and chemistry, which enable diverse applications in water treatment ranging from adsorption of ions to selective separations. More details can be found in article number 2001507 by Zijing Xia, Yusen Zhao, and Seth B. Darling.
An improved capacitor-current-feedback active damping for LCL resonance in grid-connected inverters (2017)

Grid-connected inverters equipped with LCL filters are very popular in utility applications for their better power quality features, while the LCL resonance may threaten system stability. To dampen the LCL resonance, the widely used active damping method is based on the proportional feedback of the filter capacitor current. However, it has been revealed that when the LCL resonance frequency is above one-sixth of the system sampling frequency (fs/6), the time delay existed in the digitally controlled system will generate a pair of open-loop unstable poles, which make the system become much easier to be unstable. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved capacitor-current-feedback active damping, which is realized by inserting a second-order lead-lag compensator into the active damping loop. The added compensator aiming at removing the unstable poles is designed base on the first-order Padé approximation. By deriving the equivalent virtual circuit introduced by the proposed method, it is obtained that the region of paralleled virtual resistor being positive is extended, leading to a more robust system. After that, the modified current control loop gain is derived to compare the damping performance with that of the conventional method. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed active damping method is verified by the experimental results.
Culture of pig embryos (2020)

Pig embryos can be cultured using a number of different strategies including complex approaches like culture in vivo in a surrogate oviduct (rabbit, sheep, mouse), culture in mouse oviducts in organ culture, and co-culture of embryos with cells in addition to simple approaches like culture in defined media or salt solutions.
Biobehavioral Framework of Symptom and Health Outcomes of Uncertainty and Psychological Stress in Parkinson Disease (2016)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex motor and nonmotor symptoms that fluctuate in onset, severity, level of disability, and responsiveness to treatment. The unpredictable nature of PD and the inability to halt or slow disease progression may result in uncertainty and psychological stress. Uncertainty and psychological stress have important implications for symptom and health outcomes in PD. Uncertainty and psychological stress have been shown to worsen symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life in chronic illnesses; however, the causal mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We propose a biobehavioral framework for examining uncertainty and psychological stress in PD. The framework considers factors that may contribute to uncertainty and neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms of uncertainty and psychological stress that may influence symptom and health outcomes in PD, for the ultimate purpose of improving symptom and disease progression, functional capacity, and quality of life.
A Database for Counterfeit Electronics and Automatic Defect Detection Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning (2016)

Abstract Counterfeiting is an increasing concern for businesses and governments as greater numbers of counterfeit integrated circuits (IC) infiltrate the global market. There is an ongoing effort in experimental and national labs inside the United States to detect and prevent such counterfeits in the most efficient time period. However, there is still a missing piece to automatically detect and properly keep record of detected counterfeit ICs. Here, we introduce a web application database that allows users to share previous examples of counterfeits through an online database and to obtain statistics regarding the prevalence of known defects. We also investigate automated techniques based on image processing and machine learning to detect different physical defects and to determine whether or not an IC is counterfeit.
Laser Induced Surface Modification for Inkjet Printing and Coating (2019)

Lasers are nowadays widely applied in additive manufacturing and several laser based techniques related to inkjet printing are emerging. In this paper, surface treatment of nanoparticle coatings using a commercial laser engraving machine are presented. Experiments were performed on (i) thin thermally cured silver nanoparticle coatings on glass and (ii) iron oxide (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) nanoparticle dispersion coatings on glass. The laser treatment on Ag films illustrates local melting or dewetting behavior dependent on laser power and on the density of engraving patterns. For Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> coatings, direct laser writing on dried layers and laser treatment on fluid nanoparticle ink layers are investigated. We demonstrate and discuss in particular the generation of large area laser induced microstructures in vertically confined nanoparticle ink films. Controlled ink accumulation is generated by the laser pulses. Furthermore, 2D porous network structures, as well as laser induced large area filament structures are generated by heat driven capillary flow. Tailored adjustments of nanoparticle inks, film thickness and laser treatment patterns open perspectives for the generation of laser induced self-assemblies, e.g. for novel fabrication processes for 2D metamaterials, for sensor developments or advanced anti-counterfeit applications.
A prospective case of postherpetic itch monitored by quantitative sensory testing for 1 year while undergoing 8% topical capsaicin treatments (2017)

Following reactivation of a latent ganglionic varicella zoster virus and skin eruption in the corresponding dermatome(s) ∼20% of patients develop chronic postherpetic neuralgia. A subset of these patients develop severe and often intractable chronic postherpetic itch in the affected area. However, this is rarely studied and little is known about its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. In this case study we followed a patient with moderate to severe chronic postherpetic itch characterized by pure itch sensation, using standardized quantitative sensory testing and observed a profound loss-of-function for C-fibers, Aδ-fibers, and Aβ-fibers within the affected area. The testing was conducted before, during, and after 8% topical capsaicin treatments applied in 4 cycles (3 months apart) over the course of ∼1 year. During this period the hypoesthesia gradually normalized, but heat hypoalgesia remained unchanged. The 8% topical capsaicin had a good and long lasting antipruritic effect eventually resulting in complete resolution of the itch in parallel with partial recovery of initial hypoesthesia, particularly for warmth and cold detection, likely unrelated to the treatments.
Hybrid Gauss-Trapezoidal Quadrature Rules (1999)

A new class of quadrature rules for the integration of both regular and singular functions is constructed and analyzed. For each rule the quadrature weights are positive and the class includes rules of arbitrarily high-order convergence. The quadratures result from alterations to the trapezoidal rule, in which a small number of nodes and weights at the ends of the integration interval are replaced. The new nodes and weights are determined so that the asymptotic expansion of the resulting rule, provided by a generalization of the Euler--Maclaurin summation formula, has a prescribed number of vanishing terms. The superior performance of the rules is demonstrated with numerical examples and application to several problems is discussed.
On stability of fuzzy control systems using a fuzzy modeling method (2003)

The authors present an analysis method on stability of fuzzy control systems using a fuzzy modeling method. A fuzzy neural network (FNN) which is capable of acquiring fuzzy rules is used for obtaining the fuzzy model of the controller object. A new definition of the stability of fuzzy control systems is also presented. Since both the controlled object and the controller are described with linguistic rules, i.e., fuzzy if-then rules, the stability analysis can be done linguistically. Although the new definition of stability is not mathematically rigorous, the process of analysis based on the definition is very simple and easy to understand, even to those who have little knowledge of control theory. For the verification of the proposed method, simulations were carried out by using a simple nonlinear plant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of congestion pricing for management highway in Seattle (2009)

Congestion is one of the most important and complex transportation problems facing the American population. The Texas Transportation Institute reported that delays due to congestion cost up to an average of $63.1 billion per year and 5.7 billion gallons of wasted fuel every year. An important area of interest is Seattle Washington, where, according to the Washington State Department of Transportation, residents averaged over 46 hours of annual delay per traveler in 2003. The rapid increase in population and travel demand along with the unmatched growth of infrastructure in Seattle has resulted in the desire for evaluating a Congestion Pricing strategy that will help reduce traffic delays and improve the throughput of the I-5 network, in the Puget Sound Region. Analysis of a similar existing system (State Route 167) showed success, and similar key parameters are being used in the evaluation of the new system, such as population, traffic trends, income levels, etc. The performance of the new system is evaluated based on three decision variables or metrics: throughput of system, average speed and trip reliability. We are using Noblis' traffic model known as INTEGRATION 1.5times7 which simulates traffic data but does not incorporate prices (toll prices). We will be looking at existing systems such as SR 167 and California Freeway and Expressway System to incorporate prices in our model. An Arena Simulation model was created and calibrated to the integration model. Preliminary analysis and results show that variably priced lanes (HOT lanes) seem to be the best fit for our region of interest. All three models work together to simulate existing traffic data and the results are evaluated to analyze the performance of the different congestion pricing systems in the I-5 network, along the Seattle Central Puget Sound Region.
Neurosecretory Protein GL, a Hypothalamic Small Secretory Protein, Participates in Energy Homeostasis in Male Mice (2017)

We have recently identified from the avian hypothalamus a complementary DNA encoding a small secretory protein termed neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL). In chicks, NPGL increases body weight gain without affecting food intake. A database search reveals that NPGL is conserved throughout vertebrates. However, the central distribution and functional role of NPGL remains to be elucidated in mammals. In this study, we identified the precursor complementary DNA encoding NPGL from the mouse hypothalamus. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and morphological analyses revealed that NPGL precursor messenger RNA is robustly expressed in the mediobasal hypothalamus with NPGL neurons specifically localized to the lateroposterior part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. NPGL-immunoreactive fibers were observed in close anatomical contact with pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in the rostral region of the arcuate nucleus. NPGL messenger RNA expression was elevated by 24-hour fasting and reduced by feeding of a high-fat diet for 5 weeks. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of mature NPGL increased food intake, pointing to an important role in feeding. Taken together, these findings report on the distribution of NPGL in the mammalian brain and point to an important role for this neuropeptide in energy homeostasis.
Exposure Assessment (2014)

The purpose of the exposure assessment is to determine the amount, or number, of organisms that correspond to a single exposure (termed the dose), or the total amount or number of organisms that constitute a set of exposures. This chapter focuses on estimating the mean and distribution of exposure to microorganisms. It determines the average and/or distribution of microorganism densities. The chapter discusses how to estimate variability and uncertainty in the context of exposure assessment. It reviews some available data on consumption or contact distributions. By incorporating particular information about the population into computing the consumption distribution, the overall accuracy of the risk assessment may be enhanced. Specific subpopulations may have different risks in that they are intrinsically more or less susceptible to a microbial agent or that they have a greater or lesser degree of exposure.
Theoretical and experimental treatment of a microstrip coupled ferrite line circulator (2004)

The paper describes a microstrip ferrite coupled line (FCL) junction practically applied as a section of the FCL circulator. Improvements over the earlier models include realisation of the microstrip circuit on the dielectric substrate and placing a ferrite overlay on top of the coupled line of the FCL section. Simulation and measurements show the operation bandwidth from 10 to 15 GHz with isolation and reflection losses better than 10 dB and average insertion losses &lt;2.5 dB.
Influence of Humidity on Butane-Working-Capacity of Different Activated Carbons (2001)

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