gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failing Fontan: Towards a Subpulmonary Neo-ventricle from Engineered Heart Tissue (2015)

Introduction: Fontan palliation is the treatment of choice for patients with morphological or functional univentricular hearts. Despite improved outcomes over the past decades the unphysiologic hemodynamics of the Fontan circulation, i.e., high central vein pressure and non-pulsatile pulmonary blood flow results in early and late multiorgan complications. Thus, as a first step, we evaluated the feasibility to create pulsatile flow in a cavopulmonary anastomosis utilizing Engineered Heart Tissue (EHT) in a rat model.
Localisation Properties of Wave Field Synthesis in a Listening Room (2020)

Theoretic assumptions for sound field synthesis include an anechoic environment for reproduction. As in practice loudspeaker arrays are usually installed inside listening rooms, the synthesised sound field is altered by reflections. These physical changes potentially influence human perception of the sound field. This paper analyses the localisation properties of 2.5D Wave Field Synthesis in free field and in listening rooms with different reflection factors for varying spacings between the secondary sources, in comparison to the localisation of real sources in a listening experiment. Only the directional aspect of localisation in the horizontal plane, not distance or elevation, is investigated. Stimuli were presented using dynamic binaural synthesis. Binaural room impulse responses of the listening rooms were simulated with the image source method. The results show that accurate localisation in Wave Field Synthesis in a reflective environment is only possible for small secondary source spacings as has already been known for free field conditions from the literature. Furthermore, the localisation ability of listeners for both real and virtual sources is slightly degraded by reflections leading to a larger localisation error with a greater localisation blur.
A ferrobotic system for automated microfluidic logistics (2020)

Automated technologies that can perform massively parallelized and sequential fluidic operations at small length scales can resolve major bottlenecks encountered in various fields, including medical diagnostics, -omics, drug development, and chemical/material synthesis. Inspired by the transformational impact of automated guided vehicle systems on manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution industries, we devised a ferrobotic system that uses a network of individually addressable robots, each performing designated micro-/nanofluid manipulation-based tasks in cooperation with other robots toward a shared objective. The underlying robotic mechanism facilitating fluidic operations was realized by addressable electromagnetic actuation of miniature mobile magnets that exert localized magnetic body forces on aqueous droplets filled with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. The contactless and high-strength nature of the actuation mechanism inherently renders it rapid (~10 centimeters/second), repeatable (>10,000 cycles), and robust (>24 hours). The robustness and individual addressability of ferrobots provide a foundation for the deployment of a network of ferrobots to carry out cross-collaborative logistics efficiently. These traits, together with the reconfigurability of the system, were exploited to devise and integrate passive/active advanced functional components (e.g., droplet dispensing, generation, filtering, and merging), enabling versatile system-level functionalities. By applying this ferrobotic system within the framework of a microfluidic architecture, the ferrobots were tasked to work cross-collaboratively toward the quantification of active matrix metallopeptidases (a biomarker for cancer malignancy and inflammation) in human plasma, where various functionalities converged to achieve a fully automated assay.
Force measurement study of engineered collagen-chitosan scaffold using Atomic Force Microscopy (2010)

The structure and properties of scaffold are important in cell-based tissue engineering, especially the mechanical property. Here, we quantify the dynamic oscillatory mechanical behavior of two kinds of porous collagen/chitosan scaffolds. The Young's Modulus were measured in PBS using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based nano-indentation in response to an imposed oscillatory deformation as a function of force, which can be converted to Young's Modulus. Collagen/chitosan scaffolds with different ratio (8:2 and 7:3, V/V), which already showed good properties for cell culture, were tested. The Young's Modulus of collagen/chitosan scaffold with ratio 7:3 is bigger than that of 8:2, which is consistent with our expectation. Force curves were obtained first from indentation, and then Young's Modulus was determined using a proper Hertz contact mathematical model. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of mice pancreas and heart were obtained as controls. The results indicated that AFM-based nano-indentation is a good method for the mechanical property testing of porous scaffold.
Comparison between Schottky Diodes with Oxide Ramp Termination on Silicon Carbide and Diamond (2007)

A classical implementation of the field plate technique is the oxide ramp termination. This paper presents for the first time a comparison between SiC and diamond Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) using this termination. The influences of the ramp angle and oxide thickness on the diodes electrical performance are investigated for both punch-through (PT) and non punch-through (nPT) structures. The efficiency of the termination is also evaluated.
Tailoring optical resonant cavity modes in SnO2 microstructures through doping and shape engineering (2017)

Optical resonances are effectively tailored by engineering size, morphology and doping in tin oxide microstructures. The use of Cr shifts the light confinement to the near-infrared region, as compared to the undoped microstructures, while achieving good Q and F factors. Other issues, such as appropriate thickness to width ratio, allow the selection of Fabry–Pérot or Whispering Gallery modes, or the appearance of a combination of both kinds of resonances in the same microstructure. Morphology variability would contribute with flexibility in the design of systems for different applications, while combining the observed waveguiding behavior with the optical resonances in the same material is an advantage for applications based in a monolithic design. Refraction index of Cr doped tin oxide has been obtained.
Application-aware adaptive duty cycle-based Medium Access Control for energy efficient wireless data transmissions (2012)

This paper introduces a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) strategy for energy efficient wireless data transmissions which reduces energy consumption while minimizing the negative impact on network Quality of Service (QoS). This strategy adaptively adjusts the sleeping window of the mobile devices' wireless transceiver. The proposed mechanism - the Slow sTart Exponential and Linear Algorithm (STELA) - consists of three sleeping window adaptation phases, each phase employing a different duty cycle management function. Based on analyzing historic data regarding traffic arrival patterns, traffic modeling is used to estimate future patterns. Consequently, the specific adaptation phases are scheduled and tuned to improve energy efficiency without compromising data delivery performance. Simulation-based testing results show significant energy savings with reduced impact on network QoS achieved when STELA is used, as opposed to other existing MAC layer protocols (IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16) considered in this paper for performance comparisons.
Abstract 3584: The Prevalence and Factors Associated With 1-Year Angina among Post-MI Patients (2007)

Background: A primary goal of in-hospital treatment and outpatient care following myocardial infarction (MI) is the eradication of angina. However, the prevalence of angina and the factors associated with angina in the year after MI are unknown. Methods: The primary outcome of the PREMIER multi-center prospective study was presence of angina, as measured by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), 1 year after MI hospitalization. Multivariable regression modeling identified the socio-demographic factors, clinical history, MI presentation, inpatient therapies and complications, and outpatient treatment characteristics associated with 1-year angina, adjusted for site. . Results: Of 1957 patients in the cohort, 83 patients (4.2%) reported daily or weekly angina, and 306 patients (15.6%) reported less than weekly angina 1 year after their index MI. After multivariable analysis (figure ), angina 1 year after an index MI was associated with younger age, non-white race, baseline angina, history of CABG surgery, no inpatient revascularization, recurrent rest angina during MI hospitalization, persistent smoking after MI hospitalization, outpatient revascularization after MI hospitalization, and depressive symptoms (either as an inpatient or during the year after MI hospitalization). Conclusions: Angina 1 year after MI hospitalization is associated with several modifiable factors, including persistent smoking and depressive symptoms in the year after MI discharge. Recognition of these relationships will be important in monitoring and treating at-risk patients for post-MI angina.
Airway goblet cell mucin: its structure and regulation of secretion (1997)

Mucociliary clearance is a major function of the airway epithelium. This important function depends both on the physicochemical properties of the airway mucus and on the activity of the cilia. The former, in turn, is dependent mainly on the quality and quantity of mucous glycoproteins or mucins, which are produced by two different cell types, namely, goblet cells of the epithelium and mucous cells of the submucosal gland. Neither the structural nor the functional differences of mucins produced by these two cell types are yet known. The availability of primary airway epithelial cell culture systems, however, has made it possible to study the structure and regulation of airway goblet cells to some extent. The epithelial mucins are extremely hydrophobic and are associated with various macromolecules, the quality and quantity of which may also affect the physicochemical properties of the mucus. Secretion of epithelial mucins is stimulated by various factors, including a number of inflammatory agents. The recent progress in mucin molecular biological research will allow us to identify different mucin core proteins produced by those different cell types, and, hopefully, the differential functions of these mucins in health and disease.
Mobile charger billing system using lightweight Blockchain (2017)

Green transportation such as electric vehicles are emerging as an alternative to the traditional vehicles primarily due to the increasing cost and need of petroleum energy worldwide. These electric vehicle operate by using electric charging and the way to charge an electric car is to use a mobile charger or use a charging infrastructure. Therefore, when a mobile charger is used, a billing system is required through which a user is billed who has charged the electric vehicle. In this paper, we propose a mobile charger billing system that utilizes Blockchain technology. This technology has been applied to achieve more secure online transactions in a peer-to-peer manner. Moreover, we analyze the requirements of mobile charger for billing and propose a lightweight scheme that can overcome the challenge of data size in existing Blockchain.
The reaction of fluorine atoms with silicon (1981)

Fluorine atoms etch silicon with a rate, RF(Si) = 2.91±0.20×10−12T1/2nFe−0.108 eV/kT Å/min, where nF (cm−3) is the atom concentration. This etching is accompanied by a chemiluminescent continuum in the gas phase which exhibits the same activation energy. These phenomena are described by the kinetics: (1) F(g)+Sisurf→SiF2(g), (2) SiF2(g) +F(g) →SiF*3(g), (3) SiF2(g) +F2(g) →SiF*3(g) +F(g), (4) SiF*3(g) →SiF3(g) +hνcontinuum where formation of SiF2 is the rate-limiting step. A detailed model of silicon gasification is presented which accounts for the low atomic fluorine reaction probability (0.00168 at room temperature) and formation of SiF2 as a direct product. Previously reported etch rates of SiO2 by atomic fluorine are high by a constant factor. The etch rate of SiO2 is RF(SiO2) = (6.14±0.49)×10−13nF T1/2e−0.163/kT Å/min and the ratio of Si to SiO2 etching by F atoms is (4.74±0.49)e−0.055/kT.
Verapamil‐containing silicone gel reduces scar hypertrophy (2021)

A hypertrophic scar is a common dermal fibroproliferative lesion usually treated with topical silicone. Verapamil, a type of calcium channel blocker, is considered a candidate drug for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Here, we report that the addition of verapamil to topical silicone gel enhances treatment outcomes of hypertrophic scars. Upon creation of hypertrophic scars with the rabbit ear model, varying concentrations of verapamil-added silicone gel (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/g) were applied daily for 28 days. After the animals were euthanised, microscopic measurement was performed for (a) scar elevation index (SEI), (b) fibroblast count, and (c) capillary count. On gross analysis, features of hypertrophic scars were significantly alleviated in the verapamil-added groups. On histologic examination, verapamil-added groups showed (a) reduced SEI (1.93 (1.79-2.67) for control vs 1.34 (1.21-1.51) for silicone only and 1.13 (1.01-1.65) for verapamil-added silicone), (b) fibroblast count 700.5 (599.5-838.5) for control, 613.25 (461-762.5) for silicone only, and 347.33 (182.5-527) for verapamil-added silicone), and (c) capillary formation (52 (35.5-96.5) for control, 46 (28-64.5) for silicone only, and 39.83(24-70) for verapamil-added silicone) (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < .05). On western blot, expression levels of collagen I protein was lower in the 1 mg/g and 10 mg/g verapamil-added silicone compared with control. Therefore, we suggest a therapeutic concentration of verapamil-added silicone gel of at least over 1 mg/g. Further study regarding maximally effective concentration and deeper insight into the mechanism of action should follow.
p-type conduction in Mg-doped Ga0.91In0.09N grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (1995)

p-type conduction in InN-containing nitrides doped with Mg has been achieved by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. The hole concentration at room temperature is as high as 7×1017 cm−3. The activation energy of a Mg acceptor is estimated to be 204 meV. D–A pair emission with peak wavelength of about 405 nm is enhanced by thermal annealing.
Sex-Dependent Effects of Intestinal Microbiome Manipulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Mechanisms linking intestinal bacteria and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still unclear. We hypothesized that intestinal dysbiosis might potentiate AD, and manipulating the microbiome to promote intestinal eubiosis and immune homeostasis may improve AD-related brain changes. This study assessed sex differences in the effects of oral probiotic, antibiotics, and synbiotic treatments in the AppNL-G-F mouse model of AD. The fecal microbiome demonstrated significant correlations between bacterial genera in AppNL-G-F mice and Aβ plaque load, gliosis, and memory performance. Female and not male AppNL-G-F mice fed probiotic but not synbiotic exhibited a decrease in Aβ plaques, microgliosis, brain TNF-α, and memory improvement compared to no treatment controls. Although antibiotics treatment did not produce these multiple changes in brain cytokines, memory, or gliosis, it did decrease Aβ plaque load and colon cytokines in AppNL-G-F males. The intestinal cytokine milieu and splenocyte phenotype of female but not male AppNL-G-F mice indicated a modest proinflammatory innate response following probiotic treatment compared to controls, with an adaptive response following antibiotics treatment in male AppNL-G-F mice. Overall, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of probiotic only in AppNL-G-F females, with minimal benefits of antibiotics or synbiotic feeding in male or female mice.
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour in a child. (2004)

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare benign tumor, most of which occurs in adults with localization in the subcutaneous tissue or muscle of the extremities. A five-year-old girl presented with a mass in her right upper thigh. Due to the large size of the mass (10 x 7 cm), our provisional diagnosis was a soft tissue sarcoma. A tru-cut biopsy showed that the lesion was benign. The mass was excised and has not recurred since. To the best of our knowledge, this patient is the youngest case of OFMT reported in the English literature.
ACSL1 Regulates TNFα-Induced GM-CSF Production by Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells (2019)

Overexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in different types of cancer is associated with tumor growth and progression. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is involved in the induction of GM-CSF in different cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanism in this production of GM-CSF has not been fully revealed. Recently, it was noted that TNFα mediates inflammatory responses through long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). Therefore, we investigated the role of ACSL1 in the TNFα mediated production of GM-CSF. Our results showed that MDA-MB-231 cells displayed increased GM-CSF mRNA expression and secretion after incubation with TNFα. Blocking of ACSL1 activity in the cells with triacsin C markedly suppressed the secretion of GM-CSF. However, inhibition of β-oxidation and ceramide biosynthesis were not required for GM-CSF production. By small interfering RNA mediated knockdown, we further demonstrated that TNFα induced GM-CSF production was significantly diminished in ACSL1 deficient cells. TNFα mediated GM-CSF expression was significantly reduced by inhibition of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. TNFα induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and NF-κB was observed during the secretion of GM-CSF. On the other hand, inhibition of ACSL1 activity attenuates TNFα mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB in the cells. Importantly, our findings suggest that ACSL1 plays an important role in the regulation of GM-CSF induced by TNFα in MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, ACSL1 may be considered as a potential novel therapeutic target for tumor growth.
100 Gb/s 1024-way-split 100-km long-reach PON using spectrally efficient frequency interleaved directly detected optical OFDM (2011)

A spectrally efficient (4 bit/s/Hz) 100 Gb/s long-reach PON is demonstrated based on 64-QAM and frequency interleaved directly detected optical OFDM that can potentially operate over 100 km of single mode fiber with a 1024-way-split.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPOUNDS RELATED TO ACRIDINE. XIII. REACTIONS OF 9‐VINYL‐ AND 9‐ETHYNYLACRIDINE WITH C,N‐DIARYLNITRONES (1976)

Abstract 9‐Vinyl‐acridin (I) reagiert mit den Nitronen (IIa) und (IIb) zu den Isoxazolidinen (IIIa) und (IIIb), die bei weiterem Erhitzen in siedendem Xylol quantitativ die Ketone (IVa) und (IVb) geben (neben jeweils Anilin).
Physics-informed Guided Disentanglement in Generative Networks (2021)

Image-to-image translation (i2i) networks suffer from entanglement effects in presence of physics-related phenomena in target domain (such as occlusions, fog, etc), lowering altogether the translation quality, controllability and variability. In this paper, we propose a general framework to disentangle visual traits in target images. Primarily, we build upon collection of simple physics models, guiding the disentanglement with a physical model that renders some of the target traits, and learning the remaining ones. Because physics allows explicit and interpretable outputs, our physical models (optimally regressed on target) allows generating unseen scenarios in a controllable manner. Secondarily, we show the versatility of our framework to neural-guided disentanglement where a generative network is used in place of a physical model in case the latter is not directly accessible. Altogether, we introduce three strategies of disentanglement being guided from either a fully differentiable physics model, a (partially) non-differentiable physics model, or a neural network. The results show our disentanglement strategies dramatically increase performances qualitatively and quantitatively in several challenging scenarios for image translation.
On the Insufficiency of Existing Momentum Schemes for Stochastic Optimization (2018)

Momentum based stochastic gradient methods such as heavy ball (HB) and Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent (NAG) method are widely used in practice for training deep networks and other supervised learning models, as they often provide significant improvements over stochastic gradient descent (SGD). In general, “fast gradient” methods have provable improvements over gradient descent only for the deterministic case, where the gradients are exact. In the stochastic case, the popular explanations for their wide applicability is that when these fast gradient methods are applied in the stochastic case, they partially mimic their exact gradient counterparts, resulting in some practical gain. This work provides a counterpoint to this belief by proving that there are simple problem instances where these methods cannot outperform SGD despite the best setting of its parameters. These negative problem instances are, in an informal sense, generic; they do not look like carefully constructed pathological instances. These results suggest (along with empirical evidence) that HB or NAG's practical performance gains are a by-product of minibatching. Furthermore, this work provides a viable (and provable) alternative, which, on the same set of problem instances, significantly improves over HB, NAG, and SGD's performance. This algorithm, denoted as ASGD, is a simple to implement stochastic algorithm, based on a relatively less popular version of Nesterov's AGD. Extensive empirical results in this paper show that ASGD has performance gains over HB, NAG, and SGD.
A Principled Approach to GraphQL Query Cost Analysis (2020)

The landscape of web APIs is evolving to meet new client requirements and to facilitate how providers fulfill them. A recent web API model is GraphQL, which is both a query language and a runtime. Using GraphQL, client queries express the data they want to retrieve or mutate, and servers respond with exactly those data or changes. GraphQL's expressiveness is risky for service providers because clients can succinctly request stupendous amounts of data, and responding to overly complex queries can be costly or disrupt service availability. Recent empirical work has shown that many service providers are at risk. Using traditional API management methods is not sufficient, and practitioners lack principled means of estimating and measuring the cost of the GraphQL queries they receive. In this work, we present a linear-time GraphQL query analysis that can measure the cost of a query without executing it. Our approach can be applied in a separate API management layer and used with arbitrary GraphQL backends. In contrast to existing static approaches, our analysis supports common GraphQL conventions that affect query cost, and our analysis is provably correct based on our formal specification of GraphQL semantics. We demonstrate the potential of our approach using a novel GraphQL query-response corpus for two commercial GraphQL APIs. Our query analysis consistently obtains upper cost bounds, tight enough relative to the true response sizes to be actionable for service providers. In contrast, existing static GraphQL query analyses exhibit over-estimates and under-estimates because they fail to support GraphQL conventions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus sakei Strain wikim 22, Isolated from Kimchi in Chungcheong Province, South Korea (2014)

We report the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus sakei strain wikim 22, a Lactobacillus species isolated from kimchi in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea, having 155 contigs with 2,447 genes and an average G+C content of 40.61%.