gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel fully printed and flexible capacitive pressure sensor (2012)

A novel fully printed flexible capacitive pressure sensor was fabricated using conventional screen and gravure printing techniques. The sensor was successfully printed on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with silver (Ag) nanoparticle (NP) ink as the metallization layer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dielectric layer. The capacitive response of the sensor demonstrated a percentage change of 5 % and 40 % for minimum and maximum detectable compressive forces of 800 kPa and 18 MPa, respectively when compared to the base capacitance of 26 pF. At the minimum detectable pressure, the stability measurements resulted in a maximum variation of ± 0.15 % from the average capacitance value of 28 pf. The response of the printed device demonstrated the feasibility of employing traditional printing techniques for the fabrication of flexible pressure sensing devices.
Botrytis cinerea identifies host plants via the recognition of antifungal capsidiol to induce expression of a specific detoxification gene (2022)

The gray mold pathogen <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> has a broad host range, causing disease in >400 plant species, but it is not known how this pathogen evolved this polyxenous nature. <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> can metabolize a wide range of phytoalexins, including the stilbenoid resveratrol in grape, and the sesquiterpenoids capsidiol in tobacco and rishitin in potato and tomato. In this study, we analyzed the metabolism of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins by <i>B. cinerea</i>. Capsidiol was dehydrogenated to capsenone, which was then further oxidized, while rishitin was directly oxidized to epoxy- or hydroxyrishitins, indicating that <i>B. cinerea</i> has separate mechanisms to detoxify structurally similar sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a distinct set of genes were induced in <i>B. cinerea</i> when treated with capsidiol or rishitin, suggesting that <i>B. cinerea</i> can distinguish structurally similar phytoalexins to activate appropriate detoxification mechanisms. The gene most highly upregulated by capsidiol treatment encoded a dehydrogenase, designated <i>Bccpdh</i>. Heterologous expression of <i>Bccpdh</i> in a capsidiol-sensitive plant symbiotic fungus, <i>Epichloë festucae</i>, resulted in an acquired tolerance of capsidiol and the ability to metabolize capsidiol to capsenone, while <i>B. cinerea Δbccpdh</i> mutants became relatively sensitive to capsidiol. The <i>Δbccpdh</i> mutant showed reduced virulence on the capsidiol producing <i>Nicotiana</i> and <i>Capsicum</i> species but remained fully pathogenic on potato and tomato. Homologs of <i>Bccpdh</i> are found in taxonomically distant Ascomycota fungi but not in related Leotiomycetes species, suggesting that <i>B. cinerea</i> acquired the ancestral <i>Bccpdh</i> by horizontal gene transfer, thereby extending the pathogenic host range of this polyxenous pathogen to capsidiol-producing plant species.
Some decomposable codes: the |a+x|b+x|a+b+x| construction (1997)

Codes with decomposable structure allow the use of multistage decoding procedures to achieve suboptimum bounded-distance error performance with reduced decoding complexity. This correspondence presents some new decomposable codes, including a class of distance-8 codes, that are constructed based on the |a+x|b+x|a+b+x| construction method. Some existing best codes are shown to be decomposable and hence can be decoded with multistage decoding.
Pyrrolylquinoline-BF2 and BPh2 BODIPY-Type Analogues: Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Photophysical Properties (2021)

Two new pyrrolylquinoline-substituted heteroaromatic-containing compounds bearing a central boron bridge have been prepared by a short, high-yielding sequence consisting of Suzuki-coupling of 8-bromoquinoline and N-Boc 2-pyrroleboronic acid, thermolytic tert-butyloxycarbonyl deprotection, and subsequent boron chelation (either using boron trifluoride or triphenylborane). Both derivatives display longer wavelength absorption maxima (λabsmax) than a previously reported indolopyridine-BPh2 analogue, in agreement with the smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap predicted by DFT quantum chemical calculations. Both of the pyrrolylquinoline-boron chelates display weak emission (quantum yields 0.3–0.9%) and the BPh2 complex displays a very broad, long-wavelength emission (λemmax = 715 nm, MeCN), which may be due to dimer emission and results in a large pseudo-Stokes’ shift (7753 cm−1) for this compound.
Kinetics of bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides during dynamic dilution. (1985)

The time courses for viable microorganism count after addition of aminoglycosides were investigated in exponentially decreasing concentrations in in vitro using a continuous flow culture system. When aminoglycosides were added to the incubation medium containing Escherichia coli, the growth rate began to decrease after a lag phase and recovered gradually after the concentration fell below its effective level. To simulate this time course, the following equation including the retardation function was proposed; (Formula: see text) where N is the number of viables, ko is the generation rate constant, kd is the dilution rate constant, Pc is the bactericidal coefficient per unit concentration characteristic to the individual antibiotic, kr is the reciprocal of the retardation time and Co is the initial concentration of the antibiotic. Pc and kr were calculated using the nonlinear least square method and the calculated time course agreed with the observed experimental data indicating the appropriateness of this equation. Pc has a negative relationship to the minimum inhibitory concentration for six aminoglycosides studied, kanamycin, amikacin, kanamycin B, tobramycin, dibekacin and habekacin. The values of kr ranged between 3.12 X 10(-2) to 6.40 X 10(-2) min-1 and are thought to correlate with the mechanism of antibiotic actions.
Temperature-based covert channel in FPGA systems (2011)

This paper reports the temperature-based covert communication channel implemented in FPGA system. The channel enables bidirectional transmission and exchange of an arbitrary bit stream between two, electrically separated parts of the FPGA circuit during its normal operation. Transmission to and from the FPGA device is also reported. Transmitter and receiver modules are based on ring-oscillator which utilize 60 and 51 look-up tables respectively. The proof of concept was implemented in the Xilinx Spartan-IIE device and allows for transmission speed of 1/8 bit/s between FPGA and external transceiver. Internal communication is faster and allows to transmit up to 1 bit per second.
Considerations in Photographic Detection for Very Large Telescopes (1984)

Abstract Current practice with four-meter reflectors is reviewed and the good match with fine-grained photographic plates of high DQE is examined. The present designs of 15-meter-class telescopes appear to point to instruments with a large flat focal plane and an image scale in the 5 arc sec/mm range. This requires an emulsion of considerably larger microcrystal size than currently used. Extension of the present emulsion type to the required grain size is not likely to be efficient; however, the use of new emulsion technologies should offer the opportunity to devise appropriate photographic detectors for use with an f/6, 5 arc sec/mm telescope. A gain in detective quantum efficiency appears possible.
Activation of natural killer cells by the mAb YTA-1 that recognizes leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (1995)

The mAb YTA-1, which brightly stains CD3-CD16+ large granular lymphocytes (LGL)/natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells by immunofluorescence, is specific for leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1. Some mAbs recognizing the LFA-1 alpha chain (CD11a) or LFA-1 beta chain (CD18) inhibited the binding of YTA-1 to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. YTA-1 mAb could be chemically cross-linked to 170 and 96 kDa molecules, whose molecular weights correspond to those of LFA-1 alpha and beta respectively. YTA-1 bound to COS-7 cells co-transfected with CD11a and CD18 cDNAs, but not to untransfected cells. Reactivities of YTA-1 to K562 cells transfected with LFA-1 alpha and beta (CD11a/CD18) cDNAs and to CHO cells transfected with Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) or p150, 95 (CD11c/CD18) cDNAs strongly suggest that YTA-1 recognizes either LFA-1 alpha or an epitope formed by a combination of LFA-1 alpha and beta. Treatment of fresh CD3-CD16+ LGL with YTA-1 augmented cytolytic activity and induced proliferation. F(ab')2 fragments of YTA-1 augmented NK cytotoxicity, indicating that the NK activating signal was transmitted through LFA-1 without involvement of Fc gamma receptor III. In contrast, the other mAbs against LFA-1 could not activate NK cells. These results collectively indicate that YTA-1 recognizes a unique epitope of LFA-1, which is involved in activation of fresh NK cells.
A tactile sensor for detection of physical properties of human skinin vivo (1998)

A spring loaded tactile sensor with displacement sensing has been evaluated for non-invasive assessment of physical properties, stiffness and elasticity, of human skin in vivo. The tactile sensor consists of a peizoelectric vibrator (61 kHz) with a vibration pickup, electronics and PC with software for measurement of the change in frequency when the sensor is attached to an object. Integrated with the tactile sensor is a displacement sensor that shows the compression of the spring that loads the sensor element against the object during measurement. Under certain conditions (e.g. fixed contact pressure) this change in frequency monitors the acoustic impedance of the object and is related to the stiffness of soft tissue. The experimental results on silicone gum and on healthy Japanese and Swedish women indicated that the instrument was able to detect changes in stiffness and elastic related properties of human skin, related to age, day-to-day variations and application of cosmetics. The instrument was concluded to be easy to handle and suitable for field work.
Limits of weak light phase measurements for inter-spacecraft laser interferometry and coherent optical communications (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Measuring the phase of low power optical signals is important for space-based gravitational wave detection, geodesy measurements and free-space optical communications. Phase measurements are required in heterodyne interferometry and are commonly implemented by phasemeters based on In-phase and Quadrature demodulation or phase-locked loops. Laser frequency noise and quantum noise set competing requirements on phasemeter design. Poor optimisation of the phase measurement system can lead to a breakdown of the measurement due to cycle slipping, an ungraceful degradation of phase measurement performance. This talk will explore the fundamental limitations of weak light phase measurements, highlight design considerations for such a phase measurement system and present recent experimental results for weak light phase measurements. These findings may expand the design parameter space for future inter-satellite laser interferometry and communication instruments.
Proton radius from electron-proton scattering and chiral perturbation theory (2017)

We determine the root-mean-square proton charge radius, ${R}_{p}$, from a fit to low-${Q}^{2}$ electron-proton elastic-scattering cross-section data with the higher moments fixed (within uncertainties) to the values predicted by chiral perturbation theory. We obtain ${R}_{p}=0.855(11)$ fm. This number falls between the value obtained from muonic hydrogen analyses and the CODATA value (based upon atomic hydrogen spectroscopy and electron-proton scattering determinations).
Thermal sensitivity of elastic coefficients of langasite and langatate (2009)

Thermal coefficients of elastic constants of langasite and langatate crystals have been determined from frequency-temperature curves of contoured resonators operating in thickness modes. The effect of the trapping of the vibration has been taken into account to improve the accuracy. In a first step, the thermal sensitivities of stiffness coefficients in Lagrangian description are obtained. Thermal sensitivities of the usual elastic constants are further deduced. Predictions of thermally compensated cuts are given.
Preservation of autogenic processes and allogenic forcings within set-scale aeolian architecture II: the scour-and-fill dominated Jurassic Page Sandstone, Arizona, USA (2018)

The stratigraphic architecture of aeolian sandstones is thought to record signals originating from both autogenic dune behavior and allogenic environmental boundary conditions within which the dune field evolves. Mapping of outcrop-scale surfaces and sets of cross-strata between these surfaces for the Jurassic Page Sandstone near Page, Arizona, USA, demonstrates that the stratigraphic signature of autogenic behavior is captured by variable scour depths and subsequent fillings, whereas the dominant signatures of allogenic boundary conditions are associated with antecedent surface topography and variable water-table elevations. At the study area, the Page Sandstone is ~ 60 m thick and is separated from the underlying Navajo Sandstone by the J-2 regional unconformity with meters of relief. Thin, climbing sets of cross-strata of the basal Page representing early dune-field accumulations fill J-2 depressions. In contrast, the overlying lower and middle Page consist of cross-strata that are one to a few meters thick, and packaged between outcrop-scale bounding surfaces. These bounding surfaces have been previously correlated to high stand deposits of the adjacent Carmel sea and at this site possess meters of erosional relief produced by dune scour. Notably absent within packages of cross-strata bounded by these outcrop-scale surfaces are strata of early dune-field accumulations, any interdune deposits, and climbing-dune strata. Instead, these packages preserve a scour-and-fill architecture created by large migrating dunes migrating within a dry, mature, dune field undergoing negligible bed aggradation. Any record of early phases of dune-field construction for the lower and middle Page are interpreted to have been cannibalized by the deepest scours of later, large dunes. Interpretations are independently supported by the relatively large coefficients of variation in lower and middle Page set thicknesses, which are consistent with set production by successive deepest trough scours, and the relatively low coefficient of variation for the depression-filling basal Page sets consistent with a significant component of bed aggradation. Numerical modeling presented here and more completely in the companion paper demonstrates how this cannibalization of early-phase stratigraphy is an expected outcome of autogenic dune-growth processes, and that early-phase strata can be preserved within antecedent depressions. Relative rise of the inland water table from basin subsidence and Carmel sea level forced preservation of multiple stacked packages composed of scour-and-fill architecture. Without these allogenic forcings, the Page would be little more than an erosional surface.
ESTIMATION OF NOISE LEVELS IN THE ROAD SIDE PARKS AND STUDY OF ITS IMPACTS ON HEALTH OF VISITORS IN FAISALABAD (2019)

Our environment is comprised of land, air and water, which shows symmetry and balance. Any kind of intervention in the constituents of the environment causes environmental pollution. Noise pollution is the result of one of these effects. It is associated with type/density of noise producing source and its distance. The present study was taken up to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the health of local community. The study was carried out to estimate the increased noise levels at two sites in Faisalabad, namely Canal Park located near the roadside (98 FT) in the form of narrow strip, and the Site-2 Gat Wala Park located (368 ft) away from the main road, and study of its impacts on health of coming visitors. It is concluded from the study that the Visitors were satisfied with the peaceful and calm environment of Site-2 Gat Walla Park while they were unsatisfied with site-1 Canal Park due to its noisy environment. Moreover, the distance of parks from the main road in addition to some other factors like, road and vehicles conditions, density of traffic etc. has adverse impact upon parks environment as well as health of visitors coming in the parks.
A comparative study of equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times for fuel cell impedance diagnosis (2021)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an important diagnostic tool for fuel cells. Accurate extraction of physical parameters from impedance spectra remains a significant challenge for vehicle fuel cells. The reliability analysis results obtained herein revealed that precise identification of middle and low-frequency impedance by a traditional equivalent circuit model (ECM) was difficult. However, it was determined that the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) could be used to extract three characteristic peaks from the EIS data, which corresponded to the main polarization processes, including gas diffusion, oxygen reduction reaction, and proton transfer. The present work involved the development of a DRT-based EIS reconstruction method for fuel cells. The sensitivity analysis results demonstrated that the designed method enabled the characterization of the gas diffusion impedance and proton transfer impedance at low and high current density, respectively. Notably, these properties could not be accurately determined by a traditional ECM method. The developed approach considerably improved the interpretability of impedance spectra; thus making it applicable for fuel cell fault diagnosis and durability analysis.
Composition of molecular distillates of corn oil: isolation and identification of sterol esters (1960)

Molecular distillates of corn oil consisting of the three most volatile 1.7 per cent cuts and the next most volatile 4.9 per cent cut obtained from 150 kg. of refined oil have been subjected to simple solvent and chromatographic fractionation. These fractions represented about 10 per cent of the original oil and some 50 per cent of its total unsaponifiable material. About 74 per cent of this unsaponifiable matter was sterol, of which 75 per cent was free, the rest combined—mainly as the long-chain fatty acid esters. The remainder of the analyzed unsaponifiable matter consisted of hydrocarbons (3.3 per cent), tocopherols (15.0 per cent), material more polar than free sterols (5.0 per cent), and various other uncharacterized fractions of differing polarity (2.7 per cent). The sterol ester fraction was made up largely of the linoleates, oleates, and palmitates of beta- and gamma-sitosterols and the triterpenoid alpha-sitosterols. Indications were obtained for the presence of tocopherol esters in corn oil. Among the glyceride esters the mono- and diglycerides of the major corn oil fatty acids were recognized representing, respectively, 0.05 and 0.52 per cent of the original oil. The refined corn oil was estimated to contain about 0.08 per cent acidic material of which more than 90 per cent appeared in the first most volatile 1.7 per cent cut. It contained mainly oleic and linoleic acids in about the same proportion as they occur in the corn oil.
Muscle genetic variants and relationship with performance and trainability (1989)

Samples were obtained in a maximum of 295 males and females from the vastus lateralis muscle and proteins fractionated by thin-layer isoelectric focusing. Muscle creatine kinase (CKM) and adenylate kinase (myokinase) (AK1M) were studied for the presence of variants. Six individuals exhibited a CKM variant described here for the first time, for a frequency of the variant gene of 1%. For AK1M, 21 individuals were heterozygotes for an inherited variant protein, an allele frequency of 3.5%. CKM (N = 5) and AK1M (N = 18) variant individuals were paired with control subjects who had the common CKM or AK1M muscle phenotype and compared for several performance indicators. There was no significant difference between the CKM and AK1M common and variant phenotypes for any of the performance measurements. However, the CKM variant subjects tended to be more effective than controls in a 90-min performance test (by about 22%) and had less percent decline over 60 s in force generation (by about 26%). In a subsequent experiment, a few variant subjects could be compared to controls in terms of response to exercise training. Although trends were observed, the CKM and AK1M variant subjects had a response to training generally comparable to that of the nonvariant individuals. While human variation in performance and trainability cannot be accounted for by the genetic polymorphism of the two kinase enzymes, the trends in the data suggest that allelic variation at these two gene loci may be of some functional significance.
Development of polyester adhesives for polyvinyl chloride coated steel sheet by a lower-temperature lamination method. (1991)

A study was conducted on polyester adhesives that can be activated at lower temperatures for the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated steel sheet by film lamination. Functional groups -OH, COOH, tertiary-amine, epoxy, etc. -were introduced in modified polyester resins as branches, and the effect on PVC film adhesion of the resultant variations in equivalent and molecular weights were examined. The addition of curing agents and catalysts to the modified polyester resins was also investigated. It was found that modified polyester resins containing these functional groups as branches gave insufficient PVC film adhesion at lower lamination temperatures, and that the addition to the modified polyester of MDI-type blocked isocyanate and the phenolic amide of DBU brought about good PVC film adhesion at a lower temperature (180).
Activity-dependent Release of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Underlies the Neuroprotective Effect of N-Methyl-d-aspartate (1998)

The molecular mechanism(s) of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neuroprotective properties were investigated in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cell neurons. Granule cells express the neurotrophin receptor TrkB but not TrkA or TrkC. In these cells, the TrkB ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents glutamate toxicity. Therefore, we have tested the hypothesis that NMDA activates synthesis and release of BDNF, which may prevent glutamate toxicity by an autocrine loop. Exposure of granule cells for 2 and 5 min to a subtoxic concentration of NMDA (100 microM) evoked an accumulation of BDNF in the medium without concomitant changes in the intracellular levels of BDNF protein or mRNA. The increase in BDNF in the medium is followed by enhanced TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that NMDA increases the release of BDNF and therefore the activity of TrkB receptors. To examine whether BDNF and TrkB signaling play a role in the NMDA-mediated neuroprotective properties, neurons were exposed to soluble trkB receptor-IgG fusion protein, which is known to inhibit the activity of extracellular BDNF, and to K252a, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Both compounds blocked the NMDA-mediated TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequently its neuroprotective properties. We suggest that NMDA activates the TrkB receptor via a BDNF autocrine loop, resulting in neuronal survival.
An Education Course For Engineering Graduate Students (2024)

What educational experiences do PhD students in engineering need ? In class: We want all of our graduates -both BS and advanced -to meet the spirit of ABET Criteria 2000.
A New Class of CVD Precursors to Metal Borides: Cr(B3H8)2 and Related Octahydrotriborate Complexes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.