gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic inflammatory joint diseases: natural inhibitors of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. (1991)

Cytokines play a major role in the initiation of the immune response or acute inflammatory events, and in the transition to or persistence of chronic inflammation, which eventually lead to tissue destruction and/or fibrosis. Cytokine inhibitors, peptides, have been recently isolated from normal or pathological biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. They can impede either acute inflammation or the transition to chronic inflammation. Two well defined molecules have been identified, interleukin 1 inhibitor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor. They may be part of an attempt to control the expansion of the inflammation. The balance between cytokines and their inhibitors is of importance in the control of inflammatory diseases, and the lack of natural cytokine inhibitors may play a major part in maintaining inflammatory conditions.
ATP synthase complex from beef heart mitochondria. Role of the thiol group of the 25-kDa subunit of Fo in the coupling mechanism between Fo and F1. (1988)

In order to assess the role of thiol groups in the Fo part of the ATP synthase in the coupling mechanism of ATP synthase, we have treated isolated Fo, extracted from beef heart Complex V with urea, with thiol reagents, primarily with diazenedicarboxylic acid bis-(dimethylamide) (diamide) but also with Cd2+ and N-ethylmaleimide. FoF1 ATP synthase was reconstituted by adding isolated F1 and the oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring-protein (OSCP) to Fo. The efficiency of reconstitution was assessed by determining the sensitivity to oligomycin of the ATP hydrolytic activity of the reconstituted enzyme. Contrary to Cd2+, incubation of diamide with Fo, before the addition of F1 and OSCP, induced a severe loss of oligomycin sensitivity, due to an inhibited binding of F1 to Fo. This effect was reversed by dithiothreitol. Conversely, if F1 and OSCP were added to Fo before diamide, no effect could be detected. These results show that F1 (and/or OSCP) protects Fo thiols from diamide and are substantiated by the finding that the oligomycin sensitivity of ATP hydrolysis activity of isolated Complex V was also unaltered by diamide. Gel electrophoresis of FoF1 ATP synthase, reconstituted with diamide-treated Fo, revealed that the loss of oligomycin sensitivity was directly correlated with diminution of band Fo 1 (or subunit b). Concomitantly a band appeared of approximately twice the molecular weight of subunit Fo 1. As this protein contains only 1 cysteine residue (Walker, J. E., Runswick, M. J., and Poulter, L. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 197, 89-100), the effect of diamide is attributed to the formation of a disulfide bridge between two of these subunits. These results offer further evidence for the proposal, based on aminoacid sequence and structural analysis, that subunit Fo 1 of mammalian Fo is involved in the binding with F1 (Walker et al. (1987]. N-Ethylmaleimide affects oligomycin sensitivity to a lesser extent than diamide, suggesting that the mode of action of these reagents (and the structural changes induced in Fo) is different.
Information theoretic measures of perinatal cardiotocography synchronization (2020)

We examined the use of bivariate mutual information (MI) and its conditional variant transfer entropy (TE) to address synchronization of perinatal uterine pressure (UP) and fetal heart rate (FHR). We used a nearest-neighbour based Kraskov entropy estimator, suitable to the non-Gaussian distributions of the UP and FHR signals. Moreover, the estimates were robust to noise by use of surrogate data testing. Estimating degree of synchronicity and UP-FHR delay length is useful since they are physiological correlates to fetal hypoxia. Mutual information of the UP-FHR discriminated normal and pathological fetuses early (160 min before delivery) and discriminated normal and metabolic acidotic fetuses slightly later (110 min before delivery), with higher mutual information for progressively pathological classes. The delay in mutual information transfer was also discriminating in the last 50 min of labour. Transfer entropy discriminated normal and pathological cases 110 min before delivery with lower TE values and longer information transfer delays in pathological cases, to our knowledge, the first report of this phenomena in the literature.
Generation and characterization of a PhoP homologue mutant of Neisseria meningitidis (2001)

Two-component regulatory systems are important regulators of virulence genes in a number of bacteria. Genes encoding a two-component regulator system, with homology to the phoP/phoQ system in salmonella, were identified in the meningococcal genome. Allele replacement was used to generate a meningococcal knock-out mutant of the regulator component of this system, and its phenotype was examined. The mutant displayed many differences in protein profiles compared with wild type, consistent with it being a gene-regulatory mutation. Many of the growth characteristics of the mutant were similar to those of phoP mutants of salmonella: it was unable to grow at low concentrations of magnesium and was sensitive to defensins and other environmental stresses. Magnesium-regulated differences in protein expression were abrogated in the mutant, indicating that the meningococcal PhoP/PhoQ system may, as in salmonella, respond to changes in environmental magnesium levels. These results are consistent with the PhoP homologue playing a similar role in the meningococcus to PhoP in salmonella and suggest that it may similarly be involved in the regulation of virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli in the meningococcus. In support of this conclusion, we found the mutant grew was unable to grow in mouse serum and was attenuated in its ability to traverse through a layer of human epithelial cells. Identification of those genes regulated by the meningococcal PhoP may provide a route towards the identification of virulence genes in the meningococcus.
Human cord blood cells can differentiate into retinal nerve cells (2007)

Retinal degeneration and dystrophy are the major causes of blindness in the developed world. It has been reported that human cord blood cells (HCBCs) can differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro. We have recently demonstrated that bone marrow cells (BMCs) of both mice and rats can differentiate into retinal nerve cells (RNCs). In the present study, we show the differentiation capacity of HCBCs into RNCs in vivo. We transplanted lineage-negative HCBCs into the subretinal space of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Two weeks after the transplantation, some of the transplanted cells expressed human nestin, human MAP2, human neuron specific enolase (NSE), beta-III tubulin and also rhodopsin. These results indicate that HCBCs can differentiate into RNCs and suggest that our new strategy could be used for the regeneration of retinal nerve cells in degenerative or dystrophic diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND FURANOSIDE/PYRANOSIDE ISOMERIZATION OF 7‐DEAZA‐2′‐DEOXY‐7‐METHYLGUANOSINE (1984)

Abstract Das Nucleosid (Vb), ein Isoster des zwitterionischen 2′‐Desoxy‐7‐methylguanosins, und sein α‐Anomeres (Va) werden synthetisiert: Phasentransfer‐Glykosylierung des aus der Vorstufe (I) zugänglichen Heterocyclus (II) mit der Halogenose (IIIa) gibt die Anomeren (IIIb) + (IIIc), die in die deblockierten Nucleoside (IVa) bzw. (IVb) übergeführt werden.
Template-stabilized oxidic nickel oxygen evolution catalysts (2020)

Earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) with extended stability in acid can be constructed by embedding active sites within an acid-stable metal-oxide framework. Here, we report stable NiPbO<sub>x</sub> films that are able to perform oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis for extended periods of operation (>20 h) in acidic solutions of pH 2.5; conversely, native NiO<sub>x</sub> catalyst films dissolve immediately. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that PbO<sub>2</sub> is unperturbed after addition of Ni and/or Fe into the lattice, which serves as an acid-stable, conductive framework for embedded OER active centers. The ability to perform OER in acid allows the mechanism of Fe doping on Ni catalysts to be further probed. Catalyst activity with Fe doping of oxidic Ni OEC under acid conditions, as compared to neutral or basic conditions, supports the contention that role of Fe<sup>3+</sup> in enhancing catalytic activity in Ni oxide catalysts arises from its Lewis acid properties.
Phage Display for Generating Peptide Reagents (2008)

This unit presents detailed protocols for selection and propagation of landscape phages, which are fusions of filamentous phage fd (or its close relatives M13 and f1) and foreign DNA that result in chimeric phage virions with foreign peptides (8 to 9 amino acids long) covering the entire surface of the phage particles. These landscape phages bind specifically to mammalian and bacterial cells, spores, or discrete molecular targets.
Flow visualization of coherent structure in turbulent meandering flow. (1988)

The coherent structure of meandering flow is investigated using two flow visualization techniques which are plan and streamwise view by fluorescent dye injection method.The result indicates that dye transport pattern, which phase shifted by a half period of meandering channel phase, is formed near the wall and depends on the changes of Reynolds number. Further the result suggests that large-scale vortex is formed on the convex side wall. It seems that these are typical coherent structures of turbulent meandering flow.
Be-In/Be-Out with Bluetooth Low Energy: Implicit Ticketing for Public Transportation Systems (2015)

When people intend to interact with a technical system they are supposed to consciously perform a designated task. They need to be attentive and aware of the provided interaction mechanisms in order to initiate a desired process. Yet, interaction may also have an implicit nature when people do not perceive that they are controlling a system but continue their natural behavior. Exemplarily, Be-In/Be-Out (BIBO) ticketing services in public transportation systems utilize implicit interaction and enable passengers to obtain their (virtual) tickets just by "being" inside a vehicle. Infrastructural appliances detect their presence and initiate services unnoticed in the background. In this paper we focus on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as enabling technology for the implementation of BIBO systems, evidence its applicability for the domain of public transportation systems and confine our concepts to related Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) implementations.
[Challenges in the progress of sleep research and sleep medicine]. (2009)

Interest in sleep and dreams has existed since the dawn of history. Despite intensive steep research in recent years, the exact function of sleep is yet to be determined. Nevertheless, several breakthrough discoveries have led to substantial improvement in the quality of sleep medicine. This issue of "Harefuah" is dedicated to the current knowledge in steep research and sleep medicine, to novel discoveries in this field, and to some challenges for the future. One paper discusses the concept of tolerance to hypnotics, while another article provides a review, summarizing the development and cLinicaL potential usage of stow release meLatonin in the treatment of insomnia. The issue provides novel data regarding the effect of steep posture on the severity of apnea in children and adults, as well as data regarding obstructive sleep disorders in children younger than two years old. Encouraging data are presented regarding the potential treatment of obstructive sleep apnea utilizing eLectricaL stimulation of the genioglossus muscle to prevent its' collapse during sleep. SeveraL additional articLes in the issue shed further light on recent discoveries in the field of steep medicine.
Hylan gel composition for percutaneous embolization (1991)

Abstract Viscoelastic, pseudoplastic, radiopaque injectable hylan gel for percutaneous embolization was developed and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo tests. The embolization gel is composed of cross‐linked hylan (hyaluronan, hyaluronate), tantalum, microcrystalline cellulose, hexamethonium chloride, and thrombin. Upon delivery through small‐lumen catheters to the appropriate vascular site, the gel induces formation of a solid blood/gel coagulum. Results from animal studies (rat aorta, rabbit auricular artery) demonstrate that formation of complete and long‐lasting arterial blockage is readily achievable without complications due to blood flow, partial vessel obstruction, uncontrolled polymerization, or movement of the gel or its components (specifically thrombin and hexamethonium chloride) into the circulation. Microscopic evaluation indicates that arterial occlusion initially occurs as a result of the injected gel and formed fibrin; at 7 weeks and beyond, arteries are occluded by injected gel, inflammatory cells and fibrosis (scar tissue).
Continuous phase velocity profile measurement in multiphase flow using a non-invasive multi-electrode electromagnetic flow meter (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. Leeungculsatien, G. P. Lucas; Continuous phase velocity profile measurement in multiphase flow using a non-invasive multi-electrode electromagnetic flow meter. AIP Conf. Proc. 22 March 2012; 1428 (1): 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3694712 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Ring-enlarging furan annulations (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleRing-enlarging furan annulationsPaul H. Herrinton, Mark H. Hopkins, Pratibha Mishra, Mark J. Brown, and Larry E. OvermanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 16, 3711–3712Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00392a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00392a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Differences in the pathogenesis of first-set allograft rejection and acute xenograft rejection as determined by sequential morphologic analysis. (1987)

To examine the pathogenesis of unmodified heart xenograft and allograft rejection, a sequential morphologic analysis was undertaken. Heterotopic cardiac allografts and xenografts were performed by implanting donor hearts into the abdomen of Lewis rats. Xenograft donors were Golden Syrian hamsters and allograft donors were ACI rats. Both xenografts and allografts were excised and examined by light microscopy at specific postoperative intervals. Allograft rejection was found to be a cell-mediated process, beginning with interstitial infiltrates and perivascular cuffing, which progressed to focal myocyte necroses. Ultimately, complete replacement of the myocardium by mononuclear cells was noted in fully rejected hearts. Xenograft rejection was markedly different. Although xenograft rejection was characterized first by interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates, unlike allografts there was only minimal progression of cellular rejection. Instead, subsequent rejection was characterized by marked interstitial edema and arteriolar vasculitis and thrombosis, leading to extensive infarcts and hemorrhage in fully rejected hearts. Fibrinoid arteriolar changes and the rapid development of edema in the absence of significant cellular infiltrate suggest that cytotoxic antibodies alter xenograft vascular permeability. These data suggest that humoral immunity is largely responsible for acute concordant xenograft rejection, whereas first-set allograft rejection is mainly a cell-mediated process.
Betamethasone Induces a Unique Transcriptome in Neural Stem Cells (2021)

Abstract Twelve percent of pregnant women receive glucocorticoids (sGCs) to reduce the risks to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth in infants. The two most commonly administered sGC are Dexamethasone (Dex) and Betamethasone (Beta) and they serve to decrease the severity of respiratory distress, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis. However, repeated administration of sGC has been shown to be associated with adverse neurological outcome and depends on the type of sGCs used, dose, timing of sGCs administration and sex. We have previously shown that prenatal exposure to Dex in a murine model lead to sex specific changes in the transcription response and in the biological function of neural stem cells and to long-term changes in brain architecture and behavior. Beta is the predominant sGC used prenatally in the United States, therefore these studies investigated the cellular and molecular responses to beta exposure on the neural stem cells in-vitro and anatomical organization of the brain in-vivo. Murine NSCs were isolated from the E14.5 cerebral cortex and exposed to 10-7 M Dex, 10-7 M Beta, or Vehicle for 4 or 24 hours and the immediate and long-term impact on transcription, proliferation and neuronal, glial and oligodendrocyte differentiation examined. Affymetrix genome transcriptional analyses reveal sex specific responses to Dex vs Beta in 4 hours. In females 682 genes were differentially regulated by Dex compared to 576 by Beta. In contrast, 875 were altered by Dex and 576 by Beta in males (Fold change &amp;gt; +/- 1.5, P&amp;lt; 0.05). Select target genes were independently validated by QPCR. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify unique and overlapping pathways that were altered by Dex vs Beta. In males, Dex uniquely altered 34 pathways including, Thyroid Hormone Metabolism, ERK5 Signaling and Opioid Signaling while Bata altered 33 pathways including, Phagasome formation, IL-7 Signaling and JAK STAT signaling. In Females, Dex altered 45 pathways including Calcium Signaling, Serotonin Receptor Signaling and Xenobiotic Signaling, while Beta altered 46 pathways including, FXR/RXR Activation, Tec Kinase Signaling and D-myo-Inositol-5-Phosphate Metabolism. Another 35 pathways were altered by both Dex and Beta but they showed differences in genes activated or repressed. Dex and Beta, both significantly altered genes involved in proliferation and differentiation therefore the biological response of NSC to sGCs stimulation in vitro and the long term consequences of sGC exposure in-vivo was compared. Distinct differences in cell proliferation, glial and oligodendrocyte differentiation were observed. These results reveal gene targets, cellular pathways and processes that are differentially altered by prenatal Dex vs Beta exposure. Our finds may provide insights into the sex specific neurological outcomes observed in children exposed to sGCs in-utero.
Enzymatic Synthesis of an Isopropyl Ester by Alcoholysis of Camellia Oil (2012)

Abstract A camellia oil‐based isopropyl ester (CO‐IPE) was successfully synthesized by enzymatic alcoholysis with camellia oil (CO), and its physiochemical properties were analyzed. Three commercial immobilized lipases (Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435) were screened, and Novozym 435 was the best one. The optimal reaction conditions were achieved at 240 U/g of Novozym 435 loading, a substrate molar ratio of 5:1 (isopropanol/CO), and 24 h of reaction time at 55 °C. Under the above conditions, the content of CO‐IPE was obtained as 89.83%. Purity of CO‐IPE further increased to be 96.95% after separation by rotary evaporation and molecular distillation. The viscosity of the synthesized CO‐IPE showed itself to be about six times lower than that of CO, and the refractive index of the CO‐IPE (1.449) was nearer to 1 in contrast to that of CO. It suggested that CO‐IPE could be more intensively applied in the cosmetic industry.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMORPHOUS LAYER (PROTECTIVE LAYER) IN XYLEM PARENCHYMA OF CV. GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE, CV. LORING PEACH, AND WILLOW (1989)

The amorphous layer (AL) in xylem parenchyma may play a prominent role in defining the freezing response of a tissue. A comparative study was undertaken to examine the development of the AL in xylem parenchyma of cv. Golden Delicious apple and cv. Loring peach, which exhibit deep supercooling, and willow, which exhibits only extracellular freezing. AL formation did not begin until secondary wall formation was entirely completed. Deposition of the loose textured AL began at the edges of a pit cavity and spread to the adjacent vessel‐parenchyma pit membrane. Upon completion, the AL ensheathed the protoplast of the xylem parenchyma cell and was much thicker in the area of the pit cavity. During AL development, numerous cortical microtubules, RER, and coated vesicles were present in the cytoplasm. Observations indicate that AL development was similar in all 3 species, but differences were found in the time of maturation within an annual ring and AL coloration after staining with toluidine blue O. The latter indicates that compositional differences may exist which may account for the variation in freezing response exhibited by these species.
Importance of tunneling in H-abstraction reactions by OH radicals (2016)

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study focussing on the quantum tunneling of atoms in the reaction between CH4 and OH. The importance of this reaction pathway is derived by investigating isotope substituted analogs. Quantitative reaction rates needed for astrochemical models at low temperature are currently unavailable both in the solid state and in the gas phase. Here, we study tunneling effects upon hydrogen abstraction in CH4 + OH by focusing on two reactions: CH4 + OD → CH3 + HDO and CD4 + OH → CD3 + HDO. The experimental study shows that the solid-state reaction rate RCH4 + OD is higher than RCD4 + OH at 15 K. Experimental results are accompanied by calculations of the corresponding unimolecular and bimolecular reaction rate constants using instanton theory taking into account surface effects. For the work presented here, the unimolecular reactions are particularly interesting as these provide insight into reactions following a Langmuir-Hinshelwood process. The resulting ratio of the rate constants shows that the H abstraction (kCH4 + OD) is approximately ten times faster than D-abstraction (kCD4 + OH) at 65 K. We conclude that tunneling is involved at low temperatures in the abstraction reactions studied here. The unimolecular rate constants can be used by the modeling community as a first approach to describe OH-mediated abstraction reactions in the solid phase. For this reason we provide fits of our calculated rate constants that allow the inclusion of these reactions in models in a straightforward fashion.