gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfamide as ZincBinding Motif in Small MoleculeInhibitors of Activated Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor(TAFIa) (2016)

Previously disclosed\nTAFIa inhibitors having a urea zinc-binding\nmotif were used as the starting point for the development of a novel\nclass of highly potent inhibitors having a sulfamide zinc-binding\nmotif. High-resolution X-ray cocrystal structures were used to optimize\nthe structures and reveal a highly unusual sulfamide configuration.\nA selected sulfamide was profiled in vitro and in vivo and displayed\na promising ADMET profile.
Ferrite-based integrated planar inductors and transformers fabricated at low temperature (1997)

Fully integrated microinductors and microtransformers based on two different geometries and ferrite composite materials are designed, fabricated, tested, and compared. These devices are based on screen printed polymer/ferrite composites and electroplated copper coils, and are deposited at low temperature, making them compatible with organic electronic packaging substrates.
Immunological Classification of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1991)

Seven hundred and forty-four newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemias between 1978 and 1990 were classified on the basis of immunological phenotypes. The majority of the patients were enrolled in the Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group (TCCSG) studies. The incidence of subclassification of acute leukemias in this study was as follows: 522 patients with ALL (70%), 139 patients with ANLL (18%), 29 patients with biphenotypic leukemia, 8 patients with Ph1-positive acute leukemia (Ph1-AL), and 45 patients with infant leukemia. ALLs were classified into common ALL (cALL, 77%), T-ALL (15%), B-ALL (4%), and unclassified ALL (3%). The incidence of ALL subtypes in this study reflected those of TCCSG. Biphenotypic leukemias were categorized into 4 groups as follows; 1) cALL with positive myelomonocytic antigen(s) (N = 11), 2) unclassified ALL with positive myelomonocytic antigen(s) (N = 5), 3) ANLL with positive B-lymphoid antigen(s) (N = 4), and 4) acute leukemia with positive T-lymphoid and myeloid antigen(s). Infant leukemias were classified into ALL type (N = 27) and ANLL type (N = 18). In this present study, clinical features and immunological phenotypes of the acute leukemias with a poor prognosis, i.e. biphenotypic leukemia, Ph1-AL, and infant leukemia are analyzed and discussed.
Timing of Depolarization and Contraction in the Paced Canine Left Ventricle: (2003)

With a relatively simple model setup, simulated depolarization timing patterns agreed with measurements for pacing at the LVFW and RVA in an LV. Myocardial cross-fiber wave velocity is estimated to be 0.40 times the velocity along the myofiber direction (0.75 m/s). Subendocardial wave velocity is about 1.7 times faster than in the rest of the myocardium, but about 3 times slower than as found in Purkinje fibers. Furthermore, model and experiment agreed in the following respects. (1) Ventricular pacing decreased both systolic pressure and ejection fraction relative to natural sinus rhythm. (2) In early depolarized regions, early shortening was observed in the isovolumic contraction phase; in late depolarized regions, myofibers were stretched in this phase. Maps showing timing of onset of shortening were similar to previously measured maps in which wave velocity of contraction appeared similar to that of depolarization.
A Soy Protein Isolate Rich in Genistein and Daidzein and Its Effects on Plasma Isoflavone Concentrations, Platelet Aggregation, Blood Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Phospholipid in Normal Men (1996)

The effects of consuming a soy protein isolate beverage powder (60 g/d for 28 d) vs. a casein supplement was evaluated in 20 male subjects who were randomly allocated into the two groups. A dramatic rise in plasma isoflavone concentrations was observed after supplementation in the soy protein group, the levels reaching 907 +/- 245 nmol/L for genistein (a 110-fold increase) and 498 +/- 102 nmol/L for daidzein (a 150-fold increase) as measured by isotope dilution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. These concentrations are higher than previously reported for the plasma of Japanese subjects consuming a traditional diet (276 nmol/L and 107 nmol/L, respectively). No significant differences in collagen- or 9,11-dideoxy-11alpha, 9alpha-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2alpha (U46619)-induced platelet aggregation were observed in platelet-rich plasma from the two groups; the increase in plasma isoflavonoids from soy protein supplementation is not sufficient to significantly inhibit platelet aggregation ex vivo. Similarly, plasma total and HDL-cholesterol were not affected by protein supplementation, possibly because the men were normocholesterolemic at entry. Analysis of plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid composition showed no differences between soy protein and casein supplementation. Previous investigations reported a significant alteration in fatty acid status in animals fed soy protein relative to those fed casein. The present studies indicate that although soy protein supplementation to a typical Western diet can increase plasma concentrations of isoflavones, this may not necessarily be sufficient to counter heart disease risk factors such as high plasma cholesterol and platelet aggregation.
Investigation On the Moisture Retention Characteristics of Lowland Expansive Soils (1999)

The moisture retention profile and surface expansion upon wetting through the unsaturated layer of swelling soils are very important issus for most geotechnical and environmental engineers. In the present research, soil moisture retention curves, as one of the most important hydraulic properties of unsaturated expansive soils, were characterized using remolded specimens of expansive soil mixture. To do the experimental work, a pressure plate apparatus was used to cover full range of soil suction(1 to 100 bars). Specimens were chosen as a mixture of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent sodium based bentonite and sand. The sensitivity of moisture retention characteristic curves to the soil initial conditions such as water content, initial density, percentage of swelling constituent and overload pressure were investigated. A water adsorption parameter was defined from the moisture retention curve to better explain two important phenomena in clayey soils during the unsaturated flow: water absorption by soil particles and water flow due to the soil suction potential. Obtained experimental results were modeled using five parameters model of Van Genuchten (1980). The model was modified to include the effect of soil volume changes and model parameters were found modifying a computer program.
Novel Mode of Action of Tylophorine Analogs as Antitumor Compounds (2004)

Tylophorine and its analogs are phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, several of which have been isolated from the Tylophora genus of plants. Evaluation of (+)-S-tylophorine [DCB-3500 (NSC-717335)] and its analog DCB-3503 (NSC-716802) in the National Cancer Institute tumor screen showed a fairly uniform and potent inhibition of cell growth in all 60 cell lines (GI(50) approximately 10(-8) M). To further evaluate the antitumor potential of these compounds, we synthesized four tylophorine analogs, designated DCB-3500, DCB-3501, DCB-3502, and DCB-3503. All four tylophorine analogs exerted potent growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, and KB, a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. HepG2 cells were more sensitive than KB in terms of loss of clonogenicity. KB variants, which are resistant to etoposide, hydroxyurea, or camptothecin, have similar sensitivities to the tylophorine analogs, as do the parental KB cells. Treatment of nude mice bearing HepG2 tumor xenografts by i.p. injections of DCB-3503 at 6 mg/kg every 8 h on days 0 and 3 resulted in significant tumor growth suppression (P < 0.0001). Unlike conventional antitumor drugs, 3 micro M DCB-3503 did not cause DNA breaks or apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Tylophorine analogs induced albumin expression and decreased alpha-fetoprotein expression in HepG2 cells, which suggests that tylophorine analogs could induce HepG2 differentiation. Tylophorine analogs had an inhibitory effect on cyclic AMP response elements, activator protein-1 sites, or nuclear factor-kappaB binding site-mediated transcriptions. In summary, these tylophorine analogs are a unique class of antitumor compounds that have a mode of action different from known antitumor drugs.
Models of open-angle glaucoma prevalence and incidence in the United States. (1997)

Meta-analysis to obtain pooled prevalence estimates for glaucoma provides useful information on length of disease and age distribution of those affected. It may assist in estimating treatment effects and associated costs to derive data that effect health care decisions.
Construction and operation of sub-10 nm vertical molecular transistors (2010)

We present a novel type of nano device: the sub-10 nm vertical molecular transistor. This device can be fabricated using conventional lithographic methods and in mass production. We use this transistor to explore the transport mechanism of various molecular systems such molecular quantum dots and doped proteins.
Shading effects in back-junction back-contacted silicon solar cells (2008)

One of the most often mentioned advantages of back-junction back-contacted silicon solar cells is that this cell structure has no shading losses, because metallization fingers and busbars are both located on the rear side of the solar cell. However, this is only true if only optical shading losses are regarded. In this work electrical shading losses due to recombination in the region of base busbar and fingers are analyzed using two-dimensional numerical device and network simulations. The base doping dependence of these effects is investigated as well as the influence of the rear side passivation. The results of the simulations are compared with EQE maps of back-junction solar cells. The influence of the busbars is quantified and the influence on the overall cell performance is discussed.
Increased Plasma Levels of Microparticles Expressing CD39 and CD133 in Acute Liver Injury (2012)

HSC and plasma CD133 MP levels increase in a CD39-dependent manner during experimental acute liver injury. Increased levels of CD39 MP are differentially noted in patients with liver injury. Further research is needed to determine whether MP fluxes are secondary to pathophysiologic insults to the liver or might reflect compensatory responses.
Exploring the pathways of inflammation and coagulopathy in COVID-19: A narrative tour into a viral rabbit hole (2021)

Worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has taken a huge toll of morbidity and mortality. In selected patients, classified as severe, the overwhelming inflammatory state imposed by this infection is accompanied by a hypercoagulable state, hallmarked by a unique pattern; a marked increase in D-dimer, out of proportion to other markers of coagulopathy. In this review, we turn a spotlight to this phenomenon, offering a unified conceptual model depicting the leading hypotheses of coagulopathy in COVID-19. The key players of the coagulation cascades accompanying the COVID-19 inflammation malfunction on virtually every level; tissue factor expression is amplified, physiological anti-coagulant pathways (anti-thrombin, protein C and S, and the inhibitor of the tissue factor pathway) are impaired and fibrinolysis is inhibited. Components of autoimmunity, the complement system amongst others, further contribute to the pathology. As data continue to gather, our model offers a pathophysiological overview of COVID-19 coagulopathy, defined by the resultant histopathology: either intra-vascular or extra-vascular. We hope this review will facilitate understanding and serve as a lead point to future therapeutic directives.
Farewell Freebase: Migrating the SimpleQuestions Dataset to DBpedia. (2018)

Question answering over knowledge graphs is an important problem of interest both commercially and academically. There is substantial interest in the class of natural language questions that can be answered via the lookup of a single fact, driven by the availability of the popular SimpleQuestions dataset. The problem with this dataset, however, is that answer triples are provided from Freebase, which has been defunct for several years. As a result, it is difficult to build “real-world” question answering systems that are operationally deployable. Furthermore, a defunct knowledge graph means that much of the infrastructure for querying, browsing, and manipulating triples no longer exists. To address this problem, we present SimpleDBpediaQA, a new benchmark dataset for simple question answering over knowledge graphs that was created by mapping SimpleQuestions entities and predicates from Freebase to DBpedia. Although this mapping is conceptually straightforward, there are a number of nuances that make the task non-trivial, owing to the different conceptual organizations of the two knowledge graphs. To lay the foundation for future research using this dataset, we leverage recent work to provide simple yet strong baselines with and without neural networks.
LTE-Advanced Pro RF Front-End Implementations to Meet Emerging Carrier Aggregation and DL MIMO Requirements (2017)

RF front-end (RFFE) architectures and implementations are developing new ways to optimize LTE-Advanced PRO (Rel 13) multi-component carrier aggregation, advanced features to increase spectral efficiency such as higher order modulation and higher order MIMO, and the concurrent operation of all of these features together. In this article, we describe best practices for meeting the challenging coexistence, harmonic management, linearity, and efficiency performance related to the functional partitioning, optimized integration, and technology selection of the RFFE. Recent trends to improve radio performance are driving specific blocks (e.g., the low noise amplifier) into the RFFE, with associated architecture changes in both primary and diversity paths. Carrier aggregation features are supported in a number of different methods with different insertion loss, isolation, and noise figure trade-offs, and here we examine benefits of a new category of highly integrated diversity receive modules to enhance receiver sensitivity across all use cases. Movement toward higher order MIMO in the DL is compounding additional RF Rx path support and requirements, and cost-effective solutions for optimum performance trade-offs require a holistic and complete RF system view of both Tx and Rx in order to address these emerging requirements.
<title>Estimation of shape mixture by granulometric methods</title> (1994)

It is known that if a binary random image is composed of a disjoint union of translates of i.i.d. randomly scaled homothetics of an arbitrary compact set, then, for any convex, compact granulometric generator, the granulometric moments are asymptotically normal and there exist asymptotic representations of the moments of the granulometric moments. The present paper extends the asymptotic theory to a random image composed of a disjoint union of translates of scaled homothetics of a finite collection of compact primitives (shapes) under the condition that the mixture proportions of the shapes are known and fixed. Grain sizing is independent, with the sizings for each primitive being identically distributed. Based on this new granulometric structure theorem for mixed grain images, an estimation method is proposed that estimates the mixture proportions from estimates of the granulometric-moment means derived from running the granulometry on realizations of the mixed process. The granulometric mixture estimation is compared to maximum-likelihood estimation.
MIPP (2018)

Error correction code (ECC) processing has so far been performed on dedicated hardware for previous generations of mobile communication standards, to meet latency and bandwidth constraints. As the 5G mobile standard, and its associated channel coding algorithms, are now being specified, modern CPUs are progressing to the point where software channel decoders can viably be contemplated. A key aspect in reaching this transition point is to get the most of CPUs SIMD units on the decoding algorithms being pondered for 5G mobile standards. The nature and diversity of such algorithms requires highly versatile programming tools. This paper demonstrates the virtues and versatility of our MIPP SIMD wrapper in implementing a high performance portfolio of key ECC decoding algorithms.
Combatting Adversarial Attacks through Denoising and Dimensionality Reduction: A Cascaded Autoencoder Approach (2019)

Machine Learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that rely on perturbing the input data. This work proposes a novel strategy using Autoencoder Deep Neural Networks to defend a machine learning model against two gradient-based attacks: The Fast Gradient Sign attack and the Fast Gradient attack. First we use an autoencoder to denoise the test data, which is trained with both clean and corrupted data. Then, we reduce the dimension of the denoised data using the hidden layer representation of another autoencoder. We perform this experiment for multiple values of the bound of adversarial perturbations, and consider different numbers of reduced dimensions. When the test data is preprocessed using this cascaded pipeline, the tested deep neural network classifier yields a much higher accuracy, thus mitigating the effect of the adversarial perturbation.
Introduction of covalently bonded phosphorus into aqueous-based polyurethane system via postcuring reaction (1999)

Anionic aqueous-based polyurethane (PU) dispersions were derived from a water dispersion process of carboxylic groups containing PU prepolymers together with a neutralization and a chain extension. These PU prepolymers were prepared from a conventional polyaddition of isophorone diisocyanate, polypropylene glycol-1000, and dimethylolpropanic acid. A covalently bonded phosphorus was introduced into PU by a phosporus-containing curing agent. A series of phosphorus and multi-aziridinyl groups containing curing agents were synthesized for this purpose. Each of them served in a dual-function capacity as a postcuring agent for the anionic aqueous-based PU system. The resulting postcured PU exhibited improvements in its mechanical, physical, and thermal properties; furthermore, postcured PU synergistic flame inhibition was also observed due to the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the process. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2499–2509, 1999
Nanophased Materials in Supercritical CO 2 : Ceramic Nanopowder Synthesis, Encapsulation and Deposition (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Apparatus and Processing Principles Results Conclusion
The Thing Growing: autonomous characters in virtual reality interactive fiction (2002)

This paper describes "The Thing Growing", a work of interactive fiction implemented in virtual reality, in which the user is the main protagonist and interacts with computer controlled characters. This work of fiction depends on the user's emotional investment in the story and on her relationship to a central character, the Thing.
Modeling the 2014 Ebola Virus Epidemic 2013 Agent-Based Simulations, Temporal Analysis and Future Predictions for Liberia and Sierra Leone (2015)

We developed an agent-based model to investigate the epidemic dynamics of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia and Sierra Leone from May 27 to December 21, 2014. The dynamics of the agent-based simulator evolve on small-world transmission networks of sizes equal to the population of each country, with adjustable densities to account for the effects of public health intervention policies and individual behavioral responses to the evolving epidemic. Based on time series of the official case counts from the World Health Organization (WHO), we provide estimates for key epidemiological variables by employing the so-called Equation-Free approach. The underlying transmission networks were characterized by rather random structures in the two countries with densities decreasing by ~19% from the early (May 27-early August) to the last period (mid October-December 21). Our estimates for the values of key epidemiological variables, such as the mean time to death, recovery and the case fatality rate, are very close to the ones reported by the WHO Ebola response team during the early period of the epidemic (until September 14) that were calculated based on clinical data. Specifically, regarding the effective reproductive number Re, our analysis suggests that until mid October, Re was above 2.3 in both countries; from mid October to December 21, Re dropped well below unity in Liberia, indicating a saturation of the epidemic, while in Sierra Leone it was around 1.9, indicating an ongoing epidemic. Accordingly, a ten-week projection from December 21 estimated that the epidemic will fade out in Liberia in early March; in contrast, our results flashed a note of caution for Sierra Leone since the cumulative number of cases could reach as high as 18,000, and the number of deaths might exceed 5,000, by early March 2015. However, by processing the reported data of the very last period (December 21, 2014-January 18, 2015), we obtained more optimistic estimates indicative of a remission of the epidemic in Sierra Leone, as reflected by the derived Re (~0.82, 95% CI: 0.81-0.83).
Propagation of femtosecond filaments in air: (3+1) dimensional numerical simulations versus experiments (2007)

This study investigates the effect of pulse duration on the pulse dynamics, and focuses on the role of the delayed Kerr contribution. The propagation of both 50 fs and 450 fs experimental pulses is simulated in full (3+1)-dimensional geometry. The standard propagation model governing the evolution of the beam envelope assumes an equal contribution from both instantaneous and Raman-delayed Kerr to the effective nonlinear refractive index.
One-dimensional transport equation models for sound energy propagation in long spaces. (2009)

In this paper, a three-dimensional transport equation model is first presented to describe the sound energy propagation in a long space. Then the three-dimensional model is reduced to a one-dimensional model by approximating the solution using the method of weighted residuals. The one-dimensional transport equation model directly describes the sound energy propagation in the long dimension and deals with the sound energy across the cross-section by prescribed functions. The one-dimensional transport equation model consists of a coupled set of N transport equations. Only N = 1 and N = 2 are discussed in this paper. For larger N, although the accuracy could be improved, the calculation time is expected to be significantly longer, which diminishes the advantage of the one-dimensional model over the three-dimensional model in terms of the computational efficiency. Some simulation results are provided in comparison with the ray-tracing based approach, which show good agreement.