gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of pulsed HV discharges to material fragmentation and recycling (2000)

The physical basis of electric impulse fragmentation and its applications to the recycling of composite materials are reviewed. The method is based on the initiation of a pulsed electric discharge inside the solid dielectric material. With pulse amplitudes of /spl sim/300 kV, material layers of /spl sim/2 cm can be punctured. Specific energy deposition, of /spl lsim/100 J/cm at a GW power level, leads to pressure buildup of /spl lsim/10/sup 10/ Pa in the discharge channel. Pressure waves and radially propagating cracks are launched into the solid body, which can lead to the separation of inclusions from the matrix or to detachment at material boundaries. To induce the discharge in the solid dielectric it must be immersed in a dielectric liquid with higher breakdown strength. Most applications use water, which has excellent breakdown strength at fast ramp rates and, due to its high permittivity, leads to field concentration in the solid dielectric. Electric impulse fragmentation is a clean physical method without any environmental burden and therefore well suited for recycling applications. In this paper we consider applications in the fields of demolition debris, incineration ashes, contaminated surface layers, electric appliances, glass, and elastoplastic materials. Finally, the economy and the scaling of the technique to large material throughput are discussed.
Diffraction from highly conducting lamellar gratings in conical mountings (1996)

Abstract The modal method based on a surface impedance approximation is extended to conical mountings valid for highly conducting lamellar gratings. The results of this theory are then compared with those obtained by an exact method which are in good coincidence for highly conducting gratings. It is demonstrated that for highly conducting materials this method yields accurate results while the exact modal method has its numerical limitations. Furthermore, polarization conversion in transmittance has been studied experimentally on gold gratings as well as by numerical calculations. It is then shown that wire gratings can act as effective polarization rotators in a transmitted-light configuration. Moreover, polarization conversion can be utilized to study the excitation of surface polaritons on highly conducting gratings. The dispersion of surface polaritons has been evaluated from transmittance measurements in conical mountings.
Offline program re-mapping to improve branch prediction efficiency in embedded systems (2000)

This work presents a technique for improving the efficiency of hardware branch predictors. The key approach is to apply techniques of off-line re-mapping of the program-space in order to reduce the incidence of conflict misses in the branch hardware. This work also presents a new model for organizing temporal information between blocks in the address space, which can be applied effectively to previous re-mapping systems as well. The increased efficiency can be translated to improved performance for fixed hardware specifications, or used to reduce the hardware cost for achieving targeted performance during the design cycle.
Dynamic models of team rowing for a virtual environment rowing training system (2009)

In this paper we report on the strategies adopted to model team rowing behavior for an in-door rowing training system. This system allows athletes to train at in-door location while preserving the main features of out-door rowing. This paper focuses on the dynamic models employed to simulate out-door rowing, as well as on the modeling of team behavior, in order to set up visual feedback for team rowing training. These models are employed for controlling the output in the virtual environment, in particular for training the inter-rower synchronization in a team.
Structure-Reactivity Studies of Trichoderma reesei Cellobiohydrolase Cel7A (2004)

The major cellulase secreted by the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is cellobiohydrolase Cel7A. It hydrolyzes the β-l,4-linkage of a cellulose chain by means of a double-displacement mechanism. A series of substituted aryl β-lactosides was used for reactivity studies. The Hammett plot shows that the formation of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate is the rate-limiting step, also with highly activated substrates. A catalytic triad of carboxylate residues Glu212-Asp214-Glu217 is directly involved in the retaining mechanism. As previously revealed by protein X-ray crystallography, their specific function is presently confirmed by a detailed kinetic analysis of the mutants E212Q, D214N and E217Q.
S1‐02‐02: APPROACHES TOWARD UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOMECHANISM UNDERLYING GWAS GENE ASSOCIATIONS (2018)

Abstract not available.
Hepatitis C: Natural History of a Unique Infection (1995)

In 1988 investigators defined the agent causing most cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis and named this agent hepatitis C virus (HCV). Assays for antibody to HCV and more specific diagnostic tests (immunoblot and polymerase chain reactions) were subsequently developed. Exposure to HCV seems to result in chronic infection in a majority of cases, with progressive chronic liver disease sometimes leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. This virus is spread mainly by parenteral routes; intravenous drug users are at high risk. Sexual and intrafamilial spread has also been documented but seems to occur to a limited extent. Perinatal transmission, which is prominent in infection with hepatitis B virus, does not play an important role in the spread of HCV. Antiviral therapy with interferon alpha is usually tried in chronic hepatitis C but permanently normalizes liver function in only one-fourth of patients. The failure to demonstrate protective immunity after single or multiple episodes of infection raises doubts about the existence of neutralizing antibodies and concerns about the potential for the development of a vaccine against HCV.
Fusion for neutrons: A realisable fusion neutron source (2011)

For 60 years fusion research has been focused on Fusion for Energy (F4E) as the ultimate carbon-free solution to the world's energy problems. It is proving a worthy but difficult task. However it is relatively easy to produce high-energy fusion neutrons. The many potential applications of a 14MeV neutron source are outlined, and a range of existing designs for such a source, based on a D-T fuelled Spherical Tokamak (ST), are reviewed. It is shown that the problems of high build and operating costs and uncertainties in operating conditions, can be eased by a small device SCFNS (Super-Compact Fusion Neutron Source) of major radius ∼0.5m, which although operating at modest plasma performance can provide megawatt-level neutron output. This break-through is achieved via the effectiveness of beam-plasma fusion, which becomes dominant in these conditions. Such a device would provide a resolution of the uncertainties in fusion STs (such as start-up, ramp-up, and steady-state operation); be an effective neutron source for research, and be an ideal entry vehicle for development of more powerful neutron sources in the new objective of ‘Fusion for Neutrons’ (F4N).
Stereoselective Aminoiodination of Activated Alkynes with Organoiodine(III) Reagents and Amines via Multiple‐Site Functionalization: Access to Iodinated Enamines and N ‐Aryl Indoles (2019)

A stereoselective aminoiodination of activated alkynes with PhI(OAc) 2 and amines via multiple‐site functionalization to afford ( Z )diethyl 2‐(diphenylamino)‐3‐iodomaleate derivatives with superior yields has been described. The key feature of this reaction is the incorporation of iodide and aryl group concurrently in the same molecule in a stereoselective manner by employing PhI(OAc) 2 as electrophilic reagent as well as iodide and aryl group source. The high stereoselectivity of the reaction can be explained based on the structure of the possible intermediates, the conformations of which controlled by the hydrogen bonding, steric hindrance and electrostatic attractions. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions, providing various dialkyl 2‐(diphenylamino)‐3‐iodomaleates by a single operation starting from activated alkynes. The robustness of our strategy is revealed by making of bis [dialkyl 2‐(diphenylamino)‐3‐iodomaleate] derivatives involving formation of four new C‐N bonds and two C–I bonds in a single step. The synthesized inactive 3° enamines [dialkyl 2‐(diphenylamino)‐3‐iodomaleates] could be further transformed into highly substituted indoles via Pd catalyzed C–H and C–I activation under non‐acidic conditions.
Intracellular entrapment of wild-type TSH receptor by oligomerization with mutants linked to dominant TSH resistance (2005)

TSH resistance is one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid gland in situ. We recently identified families with dominant transmission of partial TSH resistance due to heterozygous inactivating mutations in TSH receptor (TSHR) gene. Although we documented a poor routing of TSHR mutants to the cell membrane, the mechanism responsible for dominant inheritance of partial TSH resistance remained unexplained. We therefore co-transfected Cos-7 cells with wild-type TSHR and mutant receptors found in these patients. A variable impairment of cAMP response to bTSH stimulation was observed, suggesting that inactive TSHR mutants can exert a dominant negative effect on wild-type TSHR. We then generated chimeric constructs of wild-type or inactive TSHR mutants fused to different reporters. By fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting, we documented an intracellular entrapment, mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, and reduced maturation of wild-type TSHR in the presence of inactive TSHR mutants. Finally, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to study the molecular interactions between wild-type and mutant TSHRs. The results are in agreement with the presence of oligomers formed by wild-type and mutant receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum. Such physical interaction represents the molecular basis for the dominant negative effect of inactive TSHR mutants. These findings provide an explanation for the dominant transmission of partial TSH resistance. This is the first report linking dominant negative mutations of a G protein-coupled receptor to an abnormal endocrine phenotype in heterozygous patients.
Well-Defined Alternating Copolymers of Benzaldehydes with Vinyl Ethers: Precision Synthesis by Cationic Copolymerization and Quantitative Degradation to Cinnamaldehydes (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTWell-Defined Alternating Copolymers of Benzaldehydes with Vinyl Ethers: Precision Synthesis by Cationic Copolymerization and Quantitative Degradation to CinnamaldehydesYasushi Ishido, Ryosuke Aburaki, Shokyoku Kanaoka, and Sadahito Aoshima*View Author Information Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2010, 43, 7, 3141–3144Publication Date (Web):March 10, 2010Publication History Received24 December 2009Revised2 March 2010Published online10 March 2010Published inissue 13 April 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma902840dCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views2471Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (749 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Hydrolysis,Polymers,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Procedural Generation of Triangulation-Based Visualizations (1999)

We present a new visualization approach based on procedural grid generation for scattered data sets. Instead of pre-computing triangulations for a given set of levels in a data hierarchy, a triangulation within a specified region of interest (ROI) is computed by considering scattered data of a pre-computed scattered data hierarchy. By choosing an appropriate level in the hierarchy the number of samples representing the data set in the ROI can be kept sufficiently small to interactively generate a triangulation and a visualization of the data within the ROI. This allows one to generate the triangulation on-the-fly during the visualization process. 1 Introduction Visualization of large-scale scientific data sets is a field of increasing importance. Often, data are given as scattered data, i.e., data samples consisting of a position and a data value without connectivity. A commonly used solution to deal with the visualization of large-scale data sets is to use a hierarchical representat...
TermPicker: Recommending Vocabulary Terms for Reuse When Modeling Linked Open Data (2017)

Linked Open Data (LOD) bezeichnet im World Wide Web publizierte und maschinenlesbare Daten, deren Bedeutung explizit definiert ist.Zur Reprsentation von LOD werden sogenannte Resource Description Framework (RDF)-Vokabulare verwendet.Ein RDF-Vokabular ist eine Kollektion von (eindeutigen) Vokabulartermen wie Klassen, die den Typ einer Datenentitt beschreiben oder Properties, die eine Beziehung zwischen Entitten darstellen.Beim Modellieren von LOD ist es gute Praxis, bestehende RDF-Vokabularterme wiederzuverwenden bevor man neue Terme definiert.Dies reduziert die Heterogenitt von Datenreprsentationen und erleichtert Dritten die Daten zu verstehen und zu verwenden.Die schlichte Anweisung bestehende RDF-Vokabularterme wiederzuverwenden ist jedoch unzureichend fr viele Datenmodellierer,
Lignification in poplar plantlets fed with deuterium-labelled lignin precursors (2004)

Lignification was investigated in wild-type (WT) and in transgenic poplar plantlets with a reduced caffeic acid O-methyl-transferase (COMT) activity. Coniferin and syringin, deuterated at their methoxyl, were incorporated into the culture medium of microcuttings. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the thioacidolysis guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) lignin-derived monomers revealed that COMT deficiency altered stem lignification. GC-MS analysis proved that the deuterated precursors were incorporated into root lignins and, to a lower extent, in stem lignins without major effect on growth and lignification. Deuterium from coniferin was recovered in G and S lignin units, whereas deuterium from syringin was only found in S units, which further establishes that the conversion of G to S lignin precursors may occur at the level of p-OH cinnamyl alcohols.
Hypoxia-Induced Overexpression of BNIP3 is Not Dependent on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in Mouse Hepatocytes (2011)

We sought to investigate the expression of the cell death protein BNIP3 in hypoxic hepatocytes, as well as the role that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) plays in the upregulation of BNIP3 in hypoxic primary mouse hepatocytes and in the livers of mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes were exposed to 1% hypoxia for 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h, and the RNA and protein were isolated for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Similarly, livers from mice subjected to segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia for 30 min or 1 h, or to 1-h ischemia followed by 0.5- to 4-h reperfusion, were collected and subjected to Western blot analysis for HIF-1α protein. We showed that hypoxic stress increases the formation of the BNIP3 homodimer while decreasing the amount of the monomeric form of BNIP3 in primary mouse hepatocytes. In contrast to RAW264.7 macrophages, there is a basal expression of HIF-α protein in normoxic primary mouse hepatocytes that does not change significantly upon exposure to hypoxia. Using siRNA technology, we demonstrated that reduced HIF-1α protein levels did not block the hypoxia-induced overexpression of BNIP3. In contrast to the effect on BNIP3 expression reported previously, livers from ischemic animals demonstrated only a modest increase in HIF-1α protein as compared with resting livers from control animals; and this expression was not statistically different from sham controls. These results suggest that HIF-1α does not mediate the hypoxia-induced upregulation of BNIP3 in mouse hepatocytes in vitro and possibly in the liver in vivo.
Abundances of ultraheavy elements in the cosmic radiation - Results from HEAO 3 (1989)

An analysis is presented that, for the first time, systematically normalizes the data from the HEAO 3 heavy nuclei experiment on the cosmic-ray abundances of all the elements heavier than germanium to that of iron. In the range of atomic number Z from 33 to 60, the analysis yields abundances of odd-even element pairs. The abundances are consistent with a cosmic-ray source having a composition similar to that of the solar system, but subject to source fractionation correlated with the first ionization potential (FIP) of each element. For Z greater than 60, the analysis yields abundances of element groups. For these heaviest nuclei, we find an enhancement of the abundance of the platinum group, elements with Z of 74-80, relative to that in propagated solar system source, and a corresponding increase in the abundance of the largely secondary elements in the 62-73 range. These abundances suggest that there is an enhancement of the r-process contribution to the source nuclei in the Z greater than 60 charge region. Over the entire region of charge, standard leaky box models of propagation satisfactorily model secondary production.
Enhancing Audiovisual Experience with Haptic Feedback: A Survey on HAV (2013)

Haptic technology has been widely employed in applications ranging from teleoperation and medical simulation to art and design, including entertainment, flight simulation, and virtual reality. Today there is a growing interest among researchers in integrating haptic feedback into audiovisual systems. A new medium emerges from this effort: haptic-audiovisual (HAV) content. This paper presents the techniques, formalisms, and key results pertinent to this medium. We first review the three main stages of the HAV workflow: the production, distribution, and rendering of haptic effects. We then highlight the pressing necessity for evaluation techniques in this context and discuss the key challenges in the field. By building on existing technologies and tackling the specific challenges of the enhancement of audiovisual experience with haptics, we believe the field presents exciting research perspectives whose financial and societal stakes are significant.
Fast rendering of complex environments using a spatial hierarchy (1996)

We present a new method for accelerating the rendering of complex static scenes. The technique is applicable to unstructured scenes containing arbitrary geometric primitives and has sublinear asymptotic complexity. Our approach is to construct a spatial hierarchy of cells over the scene and to associate with each cell a simplified representation of its contents. The scene is then rendered using a traversal of the hierarchy in which a cell's approximation is drawn instead of its contents if the approximation is sufficiently accurate. We apply the method to several different scenes and demonstrate significant speedups with little image degradation. We also exhibit and discuss some of the artifacts that our approximation may cause.
The management of cardiac disease in chronic uremia (1994)

The burden of cardiac disease is high in chronic uremia. Cardiomyopathy results from a combination of cardiac disorders, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic function, and ischemic heart disease. The prognosis for these cardiac disorders is poor. Known potentially reversible risk factors include uremia, anemia, hypertension, smoking, coronary artery disease, hyperparathyroidism, hyperlipoproteinemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Randomized controlled clinical trials of interventions that may prevent or ameliorate cardiac disease in dialysis patients are required. These interventions include normalization of hematocrit with erythropoietin compared with partial correction of anemia, increased amount of dialysis compared with that provided by a dialysis prescription of KT/V of 1., control of blood pressure using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors compared with other antihypertensive agents, control of hyperlipidemia, and treatment of diabetes with agents that prevent collagen cross-linking.
Predictors of Morbidity and Mortality in Neonates with Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (1991)

WHITLEY, RICHARD; ARVIN, ANN; PROBER, CHARLES; COREY, LAWRENCE; BURCHETT, SANDRA; PLOTKIN, STANLEY; STARR, STUART; JACOBS, RICHARD; POWELL, DWIGHT; NAHMIAS, ANDRE; SUMAYA, ClRO; EDWARDS, KATHRYN; ALFORD, CHARLES; CADDELL, GARY; SOONG, SENG-JAW Author Information
Thin‐film assembly of diethanolamine‐based lipidic material as potential gene carrier in mouse embryonic neural stem cells (2008)

Understanding of lipidic materials used for gene delivery system is essential for the effective design and development of potential applications in basic and therapeutic research. This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of totally synthesized ditetradecylacetyldiethanolaminetrimethylammonium (TMA-C2-DEA-C14) as gene carriers for neural stem cells. The transfer abilities were estimated by expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in mouse embryonic neural stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that lipidic assembly of TMA-C2-DEA-C14, which was self-organized by incubation in water for a month at 25 degrees C, can provide an efficient gene delivery with low cytotoxicity ( approximately 40% of GFP-expressed neural stem cells). However, when dispersed by ultrasonication, TMA-C2-DEA-C14 showed low effect ( approximately 4%). Moreover, electron microscopic analysis showed that TMA-C2-DEA-C14 assembly is characterized by thin-film structures with polygonal shapes ( approximately 2.7 mum), and after association with DNA, their structures dramatically changes to form liposome complexes that can effectively deliver DNA into the cellular cytoplasm of neural stem cells. Thus, TMA-C2-DEA-C14 assembly identified in this study was determined to have an effective activity as gene carriers for primary neural stem cells. Our findings suggest that this approach can serve as a novel model for the development of lipidic materials on nonviral gene delivery system.