gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulating-to-conducting behavior and band profile across the La0.9Ba0.1MnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 epitaxial interface (2017)

$\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.9}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.1}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is a ferromagnetic insulator in its bulk form, but exhibits metallicity in thin-film form. It has a wide potential in a range of spintronic-related applications, and hence it is critical to understand thickness-dependent electronic structure in thin films as well as substrate/film interface effects. Here, using electrical and in situ photoemission spectroscopy measurements, we report the electronic structure and interface band profile of high-quality layer-by-layer-grown $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.9}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.1}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ on single-crystal $\mathrm{Nb}:\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates. A transition from insulating-to-conducting was observed with increasing $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.9}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.1}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thickness, which was explained by the determined interface band diagram of $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.9}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.1}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$/$\mathrm{Nb}:\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, where a type II heterojunction was formed.
Supplementary Figure from Targeted Analysis of Cell-free Circulating Tumor DNA is Suitable for Early Relapse and Actionable Target Detection in Patients with Neuroblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Targeted Analysis of Cell-free Circulating Tumor DNA is Suitable for Early Relapse and Actionable Target Detection in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Recovery trajectories of vestibulopathic subjects after perturbations during locomotion (2003)

We compared the mediolateral (M/L) responses to perturbations during locomotion of vestibulopathic (VP) subjects to those of controls. Eight subjects with unilateral vestibular loss (100% Reduced Vestibular Response from the caloric test) resulting from surgery for vestibular schwannoma and 11 controls were selected for this study. Despite their known vestibulopathy, all VP subjects scored within the normal range on computerized dynamic posturography Sensory Organization Tests. During gait, subjects were given surface perturbations of the right support-phase foot in two possible directions (forward-right and backward-left) at two possible magnitudes (5 and 10 cm) that were randomly mixed with trials having no perturbations. M/L stability was quantified by estimating the length of the M/L moment arm between the support foot and the trunk, and the M/L accelerations of the sternum and the head. The VP group had greater changes (p < 0.05) in their moment arm responses compared to controls. The number of steps that it took for the moment arm oscillations to return to normal and the variability in the moment arms were greater for the VP group. Differences in the sternum and head accelerations between VP and control groups were not as consistent, but there was a trend toward greater response deviations in the VP group for all 4 perturbation types. Increased response magnitude and variability of the VP group is consistent with an increase in their sensory noise of vestibular inputs due to the surgical lesion. Another possibility is a reduced sensitivity to motion inputs. This perturbation approach may prove useful for characterizing subtle vestibulopathies and similar changes in the human orientation mechanism after exposure to microgravity.
Evaluation of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with urinary tract infections. (1986)

The cellular and humoral immunity of 15 patients with recurrent urinary tract infections was assessed during infection. We determined the reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to microbial antigens (PPD, streptolysin O, tetanus toxoid, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli), to allogenic cells, and to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and jacalin). T and B cells were counted by the rosette technique. We also evaluated serum immunoglobulins and C3 and C4 levels by radial immunoprecipitation and specific antibodies for the etiological agent by direct agglutination, hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence. Urinary antibodies were assessed by the antibody-coated bacteria test (ACB). Some patients were retested for cellular immune function after cure. No significant alteration of immunoglobulin levels was detected, except for two patients who showed elevated IgM levels. C3 and C4 were elevated in one and in five cases, respectively. Specific serum antibodies for the etiological agent were present in all patients but their levels did not differ from those of normal controls. In only five patients were urinary antibodies detected by the ACB test. Patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity was depressed during infection for most of the microbial antigens and mitogens tested and returned to normal levels after cure. T and B cell numbers were within the normal range.
Protective ebonite coatings on the base of oligobutadienes (1999)

Explores the possibility of preparing elastic and hard ebonite coatings, utilizing the properties of oligobutadienes without ending functional groups. Examines the vulcanization processes leading to formation of rubberizing ebonite coatings on samples of oligobutadienes. Finds that the most effective bonding material for non‐solution compositions is ebonite coatings.
Resveratrol and curcumin enhance pancreatic β-cell function by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity (2014)

Resveratrol (RES) and curcumin (CUR) are polyphenols that are found in fruits and turmeric, and possess medicinal properties that are beneficial in various diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results from recent studies have indicated that their therapeutic properties can be attributed to their anti-inflammatory effects. Owing to reports stating that they protect against β-cell dysfunction, we studied their mechanism(s) of action in β-cells. In T2DM, cAMP plays a critical role in glucose- and incretin-stimulated insulin secretion as well as overall pancreatic β-cell health. A potential therapeutic target in the management of T2DM lies in regulating the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which degrade cAMP. Both RES and CUR have been reported to act as PDE inhibitors in various cell types, but it remains unknown if they do so in pancreatic β-cells. In our current study, we found that both RES (0.1-10 μmol/l) and CUR (1-100 pmol/l)-regulated insulin secretion under glucose-stimulated conditions. Additionally, treating β-cell lines and human islets with these polyphenols led to increased intracellular cAMP levels in a manner similar to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a classic PDE inhibitor. When we investigated the effects of RES and CUR on PDEs, we found that treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of most of the 11 PDE isozymes, including PDE3B, PDE8A, and PDE10A, which have been linked previously to regulation of insulin secretion in islets. Furthermore, RES and CUR inhibited PDE activity in a dose-dependent manner in β-cell lines and human islets. Collectively, we demonstrate a novel role for natural-occurring polyphenols as PDE inhibitors that enhance pancreatic β-cell function.
Identification of the Active-Site Nucleophile in 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase from Staphylococcus aureus by Labelling with Synthetic Inhibitors (1995)

Kinetic parameters for the inactivation of the 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase of Staphylococcus aureus by a series (fluoro, chloro, bromo) of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-halogeno- galactoside-6-phosphates have been determined. These inhibitors function by the formation of a stabilised glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Inactivation and reactivation studies indicate that the fluoro derivative is formed most rapidly, but is also hydrolysed fastest. The chloro derivative forms the most stable covalent intermediate. HPLC profiles of V8-protease digestion of native and inhibited protein show significant differences, whereas the inhibited 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase and a point mutant of 6-phospho-beta- galactosidase (E375Q) yield the same proteolytic fragments. The suggestion that E375 is derivatised is strengthened by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionisation mass spectrometry experiments which show that the two peptides, residues 336-375 and 376-383, are not produced, due to the absence of the expected cleavage at residues 375 and 376. The reason for the altered proteolysis pattern of the inhibited protein is blocking of the respective V8 cleavage site due to the chemical reaction of the inhibitor at position 375. Specific modification of the glycosyl bond between the inhibitor and E375 by aminolysis with benzylamine generated a glutamatic-acid-5-benzylamide complex at that position in the peptide. The Edman derivative of the modified E375 appears to be stable and was isolated by Edman degradation of trypsin-digested V8-peptide. It was shown to be identical to an authentic, synthetic sample. From this, it is evident that E375 is the active-site nucleophile of 6-phospho-galactosidase, consistent with previous findings for enzymes in this family.
Achievable rates of transmitted-reference ultra-wideband radio with PPM (2006)

In this letter, we study the achievable rates of practical ultra-wideband (UWB) systems using pulse position modulation (PPM) and transmitted-reference (TR) transceivers. TR obviates the need for complex channel estimation, which is particularly challenging in the context of UWB communications. Based on an upper bound we derive for the error probability with random coding, we establish that for signal-to-noise ratio values of practical interest, PPM-UWB with TR can achieve rates on the order of C(/spl infin/)=P/N/sub 0/ (nats/s), where C(/spl infin/) denotes the capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise channel in the UWB regime for average received power P and noise power spectrum density N/sub 0/.
Rotating photonic crystals: A medium for compact optical gyroscopes (2005)

The effect of rotation of a photonic crystal that contains a set of microcavities is studied using the formulation of electrodynamics in rotating media. A new manifestation of the Sagnac effect is observed. It is shown that the phase shift or frequency difference between rotation-codirected and rotation-counterdirected propagations depends on a set of parameters not previously reported. The use of the new configuration for designing compact optical gyroscopes is studied and discussed.
TiSi2 strap formation by Ti–amorphous-Si reaction (1988)

This report describes the formation of a TiSi2 strap in combination with the self-aligned titanium silicide (salicide) technology. The TiSi2 strap is formed by reaction of amorphous silicon (a-Si) with the underlying Ti layer. It was determined that sputter deposition of the Ti and a-Si had to be done in one deposition cycle, otherwise interface contamination would prevent the Ti–a-Si reaction and give rise to extensive silicon diffusion from the active areas. Since TiSi2 straps are formed over diffusion areas as well as over oxide surfaces, the influence of the substrate on the Ti/a-Si reaction was determined. It was found that for straps deposited on oxide substrate the properties of the silicide layer formed were determined by the Ti/a-Si atomic ratio. A titanium-rich strap resulted in a high-resistivity silicide layer due to TiSi compound formation. Stoichiometric straps formed low-resistivity TiSi2 layers with a thin-TiN top layer and silicon-rich straps also resulted in a low-resistivity TiSi2 layer but with a silicon enrichment at the surface. On a mono-Si substrate no influence of the sputtered Ti/a-Si atomic ratio could be found. Only low-resistivity TiSi2 layers were formed. In case of silicon-rich Ti/a-Si ratio the excess silicon disappears from the layer and regrows onto the Si substrate. The roughness of TiSi2 straps, mainly observed for stoichiometric or silicon-rich straps on oxide substrates, was found to be related to the presence of argon (and probably hydrogen) incorporated in the layer during sputter deposition. Special attention was paid to strap formation at oxide/diffusion area edges. Possible void formation by local silicon consumption could not be detected. Strap/TiSi2 salicide transitions are also very smooth and showed no substrate defects.
Biasing the quantum vacuum to control macroscopic probability distributions (2023)

One of the most important insights of quantum field theory is that electromagnetic fields must fluctuate. Even in the vacuum state, the electric and magnetic fields have a nonzero variance, leading to ubiquitous effects such as spontaneous emission, the Lamb shift, the Casimir effect, and more. These "vacuum fluctuations" have also been harnessed as a source of perfect randomness, for example to generate perfectly random photonic bits. Despite these achievements, many potential applications of quantum randomness in fields such as probabilistic computing rely on controllable probability distributions, which have not yet been realized on photonic platforms. In this work, we show that the injection of vacuum-level "bias" fields into a multi-stable optical system enables a controllable source of "biased" quantum randomness. We demonstrate this concept in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Ordinarily, an OPO initiated from the ground state develops a signal field in one of two degenerate phase states (0 and $π$) with equal probability. By injecting bias pulses which contain less than one photon on average, we control the probabilities associated with the two output states, leading to the first controllable photonic probabilistic bit (p-bit). We shed light on the physics behind this process, showing quantitative agreement between theory and experiment. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of our approach for sensing sub-photon level fields by showing that our system is sensitive to the temporal shape of bias field pulses far below the single photon level. Our results suggest a new platform for the study of stochastic quantum dynamics in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems, and point toward possible applications in ultrafast photonic probabilistic computing, as well as the sensing of extremely weak fields.
Protein Analysis by Shotgun/Bottom-up Proteomics (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProtein Analysis by Shotgun/Bottom-up ProteomicsYaoyang Zhang†, Bryan R. Fonslow†, Bing Shan†, Moon-Chang Baek†‡, and John R. Yates, III*†View Author Information† Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States ‡ Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Biology Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea*Phone: +1-858-784-8862. Fax: +1-858-784-8883. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 4, 2343–2394Publication Date (Web):February 26, 2013Publication History Received21 August 2012Published online26 February 2013Published inissue 10 April 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3003533https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3003533review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28754Altmetric-Citations1079LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Post-translational modification,Proteomics Get e-Alerts
Bottom-Up Synthesis and Mechanical Behavior of Refractory Coatings Made of Carbon Nanotube-Hafnium Diboride Composites (2018)

We use aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests as scaffolds to deposit hafnium diboride (HfB<sub>2</sub>) and fabricate millimeter-thick ultrahigh-temperature composite coating. HfB<sub>2</sub> has a melting temperature of 3250 °C, which makes it an attractive candidate for applications requiring operation in extreme environments. Compared to typical refractory HfB<sub>2</sub> processing, which requires temperatures exceeding 1500 °C, we use conformal HfB<sub>2</sub> chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to coat CNT forests at a low temperature of 200 °C. During this process, nanometer-thin HfB<sub>2</sub> films grow on the CNT surface and uniformly fill tall CNT forests, thus transforming nanometer film deposition to a scalable HfB<sub>2</sub> coating technology. The conformal HfB<sub>2</sub> coating process uses static (S-) CVD, where the precursor is fed into a closed system, enabling highly conformal coating and economically efficient utilization of the HfB<sub>2</sub> precursor reaching 85%. The modulus and compressive strength of the composites are measured using flat-punch indentation of micropillars having various coating thickness. Filling the CNTs with HfB<sub>2</sub> strengthens their node morphology and effectively enhances the mechanical properties. We study the nonlinear behavior of the material to extract a unique modulus value that describes the stress-strain response at any applied compression. At the highest HfB<sub>2</sub> coating thickness of 45 nm, the solid fraction is increased from 2% for the bare CNTs to 36% for the composite; the modulus and strength reach 107 and 1.5 GPa, respectively. An analytical model is used to explain the mechanism of the measured structure-mechanical property scaling. Finally, the process is used to fabricate CNT-HfB<sub>2</sub> films having 1.7 mm height, a centimeter square area, and only 5.8 × 10<sup>-6</sup> nm/nm thickness gradient to demonstrate the potential for scalability.
Crack initiation behavior of optical glasses from Vickers indentation (2005)

Advisory committee members: William Lacourse, William Carty, Arun Varshneya. Dissertation completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Ceramics at the Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University
Recent advances in microfluidic actuation and micro-object manipulation via surface acoustic waves (2015)

The realization of microscale total analysis systems and lab-on-a-chip technologies requires efficient actuation (mixing, pumping, atomizing, nebulizing, driving, etc.) of fluids on the microscopic scale and dexterous manipulation (separation, sorting, trapping, concentration, merging, patterning, aligning, focusing, etc.) of micro-objects (cells, droplets, particles, nanotubes, etc.) in open (sessile droplets) as well as confined spaces (microchannels/chambers). These capabilities have been recently achieved using powerful acoustofluidic techniques based on high-frequency (10-1000 MHz) surface acoustic waves (SAWs). SAW-based miniaturized microfluidic devices are best known for their non-invasive properties, low costs, and ability to manipulate micro-objects in a label-free manner. The energy-efficient SAWs are also compatible with conventional microfabrication technologies. The present work critically analyses recent reports describing the use of SAWs in microfluidic actuation and micro-object manipulation. Acoustofluidic techniques may be categorized according to the use of travelling SAWs (TSAWs) or standing SAWs (SSAWs). TSAWs are used to actuate fluids and manipulate micro-objects via acoustic streaming flow (ASF) as well as acoustic radiation force (ARF). SSAWs are mainly used for micro-object manipulation and are rarely employed for microfluidic actuation. We have reviewed reports of new technological developments that have not been covered in other recent reviews. In the end, we describe the future prospects of SAW-based acoustofluidic technologies.
Electrical characterization of ITO/p-InP solar cells (2002)

Indium tin oxide (ITO)/p-InP solar diodes were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering with variables of hydrogen during deposition, substrate temperature and in one case, an 80 /spl Aring/ Sn:In layer between ITO and InP. Analysis by current-voltage-temperature and spectroscopic techniques reveal the healing effect of adding H/sub 2/ during deposition of ITO. Higher substrate temperature during ITO deposition gives improved ITO films but induces more surface defects. Current conduction is predominantly by thermionic emission. An 80 /spl Aring/ In:Sn layer between InP and ITO causes a significant change in all measured data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of DNA Fluorescent Probes Containing a Single Site-Specific Stereoisomer of anti-Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide-N2-dG (2009)

We present a comprehensive study of synthesis and characterization of DNA probes containing covalently bound benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) isomers at a defined site. Short oligonucleotides of 16mers containing a single trans-(+)- or trans-(-)-anti-BPDE-N(2)-guanine adducts (BPDE-16mer) were first synthesized and then ligated with a fluorescently labeled single-stranded oligonucleotide. The ligation products (double-stranded or single-stranded 90mers) contained a single BPDE adduct of defined stereochemistry and a fluorescent label. The BPDE adduct could be recognized by a specific antibody, and the fluorescent label was useful for highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection. The incorporation of single BPDE in the 16mers was validated by liquid chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The stereochemistry of the single BPDE adducts in the 16mers was further identified by enzyme digestion-coupled stereoselective chromatography analysis. The ligation of BPDE-16mer with normal oligonucleotides for the synthesis of tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-BPDE-90mers was evaluated. It was found that the modification of the 16mer by anti-BPDE could significantly reduce the ligation yield of ds90mer and lead to the formation of gapped DNA. The incorporation of a single anti-BPDE adduct in ligated ds90mers was confirmed using an antibody specific to the anti-BPDE-dG and affinity capillary electrophoresis. The detection limits of the TMR-BPDE-90mers by capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence are below 4 x 10(-19) mol.
Association of Burn Mortality and Bacteremia (1986)

The relationship between bacteremia and mortality was studied in 5882 burn patients consecutively admitted to one burn center between 1959 and 1983. Among 5877 patients with adequate data, 1481 had one or more positive blood cultures; 1529 patients died. A predictor of mortality was developed, based on data from the 4396 patients without positive blood cultures, and used to assign a discrete probability of death in the absence of bacteremia to all the patients. Comparisons were then made between observed and predicted mortality in subsets of patients with bacteremia due to enteric organisms, Pseudomonas species, gram-positive organisms, or yeastlike organisms, or without bacteremia. These comparisons indicate significantly increased mortality in patients with gram-negative bacteremia, an equivocal increase in patients with blood cultures positive for yeastlike organisms, and no increase attributable to gram-positive bacteremia.