gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel power conditioning system for residential fuel cell power plants (2012)

This paper describes a novel power conditioning system for residential fuel cell power plants, consisting of a step-up DC/DC converter and a single or a multiphase inverter. To increase the efficiency of the whole system a quasi Z-source inverter along with a step-up isolation transformer and a voltage doubler rectifier can be used. Due the continuous input current and low current ripple, the service life of a fuel cell is significantly increased. Further reduction in the output current ripple of a fuel cell is achieved by implementing an interleaved converter design with shifted switching and active ripple cancellation. Interleaved converter design also enables variations in the operating cell count to increase the overall efficiency of a power conditioning system.
Divergent Temporal Trends in Morbidity and Mortality Related to Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Age, Sex, Race, and Geographic Differences in the United States, 1991–2015 (2019)

Background Heart failure ( HF ) and atrial fibrillation ( AF ) are rising in prevalence and pose a substantial public health burden. Methods and Results We evaluated temporal trends specific to age, sex, race, and geographic region in rates of HF - and AF -related morbidity, mortality, and years of potential life lost at age 75 years between 1991 and 2015 in the United States. For trends in hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of HF versus AF , we used data for patients aged ≥30 years from 1993 to 2014 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. For trends in death due to HF versus AF , we used data from 1991 to 2015 from the National Center for Health Statistics. Over the past 25 years, the age-adjusted rates of hospitalization declined for HF (-1.72% per year) but increased for AF (+1.61% per year). HF mortality rates remained unchanged, whereas those for AF increased (+11.2% per year). Years of potential life lost increased for both HF (+0.4% per year) and AF (+9.8% per year). Trends in HF and AF morbidity rates varied moderately by age group, whereas mortality rates varied by age and race. HF and AF hospitalization and mortality rates rose for individuals aged <50 years. HF hospitalization rates declined in all 4 US census regions, whereas AF rates increased. Conclusions We observed divergent trends of decreasing hospitalization and mortality rates for HF versus increasing rates for AF . Variations in disease burden by race and geography warrant specific targeting of "at risk" groups in selected US regions. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the rising burden of both conditions in younger adults.
A general approach to linearly fused triquinane natural products. Total syntheses of (.+-.)-hirsutene, (.+-.)-coriolin, and (.+-.)-capnellene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general approach to linearly fused triquinane natural products. Total syntheses of (.+-.)-hirsutene, (.+-.)-coriolin, and (.+-.)-capnelleneGoverdhan. Mehta, A. Narayana. Murthy, D. Sivakumar. Reddy, and A. Veera. ReddyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 12, 3443–3452Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00272a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00272a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2423Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Possible dependence of pressor and heart rate effects of NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine on autonomic nerve activity (1991)

1. The effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were investigated in conscious rats. 2. Intravenous bolus cumulative doses of L-NNA (1-32 mg kg-1) dose-dependently increased MAP. Both mecamylamine and phentolamine increased MAP responses to L-NNA, angiotensin II and methoxamine. Propranolol, reserpine, atropine and captopril did not affect MAP response to L-NNA. 3. A significant negative correlation of HR and MAP responses to L-NNA was obtained in control rats but not in rats pretreated with reserpine or mecamylamine. Significant negative correlations also occurred in the presence of atropine, propranolol, phentolamine or captopril. 4. A single i.v. bolus dose of L-NNA (32 mg kg-1) raised MAP to a peak value of 53 +/- 3 mmHg and the effect lasted more than 2 h; the rise and recovery of MAP were accompanied by significant decrease and increase in HR, respectively. While both phentolamine and mecamylamine increased peak MAP response to L-NNA, mecamylamine abolished the biphasic HR response and phentolamine potentiated the bradycardiac component of HR. 5. Blockade of the autonomic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems did not attenuate the pressor effects of L-NNA. However, the biphasic HR response to L-NNA is mediated via modulation of autonomic nerve activities.
Asynchronous distributed information leader selection in robotic swarms (2015)

This paper presents asynchronous distributed algorithms for information leader selection in multi-robot systems based on local communication between each robot and its direct neighbours in the system's communication graph. In particular, the information leaders refer to a small subset of robots that are near the boundary of the swarm and suffice to characterize the swarm boundary information. The leader selection problem is formulated as finding a core set that can be used to compute the Minimum-Volume Enclosing Ellipsoid (MVEE) representing the swarm boundary. Our algorithms extract this core set in a fully distributed manner and select core set members as information leaders, thus extending abstract centralized MVEE core set algorithms for robotic swarm applications. We consider different communication conditions (e.g. dynamic network topology) and system configurations (e.g. anonymous robots or uniquely identified robots) and present a variety of approaches for core set selection with associated proofs for convergence. Results for simulated swarms of 50 robots and experiments with a swarm of 10 TurtleBots are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Conditions for State and Control Constraint Activation in Coordination\n of Connected and Automated Vehicles (2019)

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) provide the most intriguing\nopportunity to reduce pollution, energy consumption, and travel delays. In\nearlier work, we addressed the optimal coordination of CAVs using Hamiltonian\nanalysis. In this paper, we investigate the nature of the unconstrained problem\nand provide conditions under which the state and control constraints become\nactive. We derive a closed-form analytical solution of the constrained\noptimization problem and evaluate the solution using numerical simulation.\n
Report on BooksOnline'11 (2012)

The BooksOnline Workshop series aims to foster the discussion and exchange of research ideas and initiatives addressing challenges and exploring opportunities around large collections of digital or digitized books and complementary media. The fourth workshop in the series, BooksOnline'111 called for special attention to the role of social media and the phenomena of crowdsourcing in the context of online books, which are expected to be key in defining new user experiences in digital libraries and on the Web. The workshop boasted a high quality program, including keynote addresses by Ville Miettinnen, CEO of Microtask and Adam Farquhar, Head of Digital Library Technology at The British Library. From the accepted papers, two main themes became salient: 1) The role of relationships among authors, communities and books, and 2) Reading experiences and behaviours. This paper provides a summary of the workshop, its accepted contributions and the subsequent plenary discussion.
Non-Operative Observation of Mammographic Abnormalities: Medical Legal Implications (1995)

Abstract: Delay in breast cancer diagnosis continues to account for the highest percentage of medical malpractice cases. Two papers were reviewed concerning palpation and mammo-graphic thresholds of detection and prognostic factor analysis for breast cancer. Most tumors were not palpated by experienced clinicians until the masses were larger than 15 mm. Mammograms are misinterpreted at a rate of 1.8%, and 7% of the mammograms are false negative with either palpable cancers or interval cancers developing. In a multivariate regression analysis, lymph node status was the most powerful predictor of disease, free survival (DFS), and tumor size added little to the model. Guidelines for the practicing physician and the medical legal system were offered from the data reviewed.
Deletion of the PDR16 gene influences the plasma membrane properties of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (2015)

The plasma membrane is the first line of cell defense against changes in external environment, thus its integrity and functionality are of utmost importance. The plasma membrane properties depend on both its protein and lipid composition. The PDR16 gene is involved in the control of Kluyveromyces lactis susceptibility to drugs and alkali metal cations. It encodes the homologue of the major K. lactis phosphatidylinositol transfer protein Sec14p. Sec14p participates in protein secretion, regulation of lipid synthesis, and turnover in vivo. We report here that the plasma membrane of the Klpdr16Δ mutant is hyperpolarized and its fluidity is lower than that of the parental strain. In addition, protoplasts prepared from the Klpdr16Δ cells display decreased stability when subjected to hypo-osmotic conditions. These changes in membrane properties lead to an accumulation of radiolabeled fluconazole and lithium cations inside mutant cells. Our results point to the fact that the PDR16 gene of K. lactis (KlPDR16) influences the plasma membrane properties in K. lactis that lead to subsequent changes in susceptibility to a broad range of xenobiotics.
Salinomycin inhibits Wnt signaling and selectively induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (2011)

Salinomycin, an antibiotic potassium ionophore, has been reported recently to act as a selective breast cancer stem cell inhibitor, but the biochemical basis for its anticancer effects is not clear. The Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway plays a central role in stem cell development, and its aberrant activation can cause cancer. In this study, we identified salinomycin as a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling cascade. In Wnt-transfected HEK293 cells, salinomycin blocked the phosphorylation of the Wnt coreceptor lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 (LRP6) and induced its degradation. Nigericin, another potassium ionophore with activity against cancer stem cells, exerted similar effects. In otherwise unmanipulated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with constitutive Wnt activation nanomolar concentrations of salinomycin down-regulated the expression of Wnt target genes such as LEF1, cyclin D1, and fibronectin, depressed LRP6 levels, and limited cell survival. Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes resisted salinomycin toxicity. These results indicate that ionic changes induced by salinomycin and related drugs inhibit proximal Wnt signaling by interfering with LPR6 phosphorylation, and thus impair the survival of cells that depend on Wnt signaling at the plasma membrane.
A Phase II Study of 5,6-Dihydro-5-Azacytidine Hydrochloride in Disseminated Malignant Melanoma (1993)

Forty patients with measurable disseminated malignant melanoma and no prior chemotherapy received monthly DHAC, 5 g/m2/24 h, as a continuous infusion. Among 26 "good risk patients" (ECOG performance score 0, 1 and no prior biological therapy), we observed 3 objective regressions. Among 14 "poor-risk patients" (ECOG PS 2 or prior biological therapy), we observed no objective regressions. For all patients, median time to progression and survival were 1 month and 6.7 months, respectively. Transient pleuritic chest pain and mild nausea and vomiting were the most common complications. We were especially impressed with a complete response (CR) for 11+ months in a 43-year-old woman with extensive visceral metastases and another CR lasting > 4.7 months in a 36-year-old woman with nonvisceral metastatic disease. The absence of myelosuppression raises intriguing possibilities for combination regimens including DHAC in the management of malignant melanoma.
Influence of sodium on glucose bioavailability during exercise (1994)

HARGREAVES, M., D. COSTILL, L. BURKE, G. McCONELL, and M. FEBBRAIO. Influence of sodium on glucose bioavailability during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 365–368, 1994. To examine the influence of beverage sodium content on glucose bioavailability during exercise, six trained men were studied during 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 65% VO2max. Immediately prior to exercise, subjects ingested 400ml of a 10% glucose solution containing 100 ·Ci of D-(3-3]-glucose, with a sodium concentration of either 0, 25, or 50 mmol·1-1. Trials were conducted in the morning after an overnight fast and in randomized order at least 1 wk apart. Blood samples were obtained from a forearm vein before and during exercise and subsequently analyzed for plasma glucose and 3H glucose activity and blood lactate. No differences in oxygen uptake, heart rate, or blood lactate were observed between trials. Resting plasma glucose levels were not different between trials. The increases in plasma glucose and the plasma accumulation of 3H-glucose-were similar in the three trials. These results indicate that alterations in beverage sodium content, from 0–50 mmol·1-1, have no effect on glucose bioavailability, as measured by increases in plasma glucose and 3H-glucose activity during moderate intensity exercise.
CLEO tutorial Optical coherence tomography: Technology and applications (2006)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) performs resolution imaging in biological tissues and materials. Recent advances enable order of magnitude increases in imaging speed as well as resolutions, enabling a wide range of materials and medical applications.
Unveiling the CO Oxidation Mechanism over a Molecularly Defined Copper Single‐Atom Catalyst Supported on a Metal–Organic Framework (2023)

Elucidating the reaction mechanism in heterogeneous catalysis is critically important for catalyst development, yet remains challenging because of the often unclear nature of the active sites. Using a molecularly defined copper single-atom catalyst supported by a UiO-66 metal-organic framework (Cu/UiO-66) allows a detailed mechanistic elucidation of the CO oxidation reaction. Based on a combination of in situ/operando spectroscopies, kinetic measurements including kinetic isotope effects, and density-functional-theory-based calculations, we identified the active site, reaction intermediates, and transition states of the dominant reaction cycle as well as the changes in oxidation/spin state during reaction. The reaction involves the continuous reactive dissociation of adsorbed O<sub>2</sub> , by reaction of O<sub>2,ad</sub> with CO<sub>ad</sub> , leading to the formation of an O atom connecting the Cu center with a neighboring Zr<sup>4+</sup> ion as the rate limiting step. This is removed in a second activated step.
An Expert System Controller for Gas Chromatography Automation (1997)

Abstract We report on the development of an expert system to control the use of a gas chromatograph system in the analysis of hazardous wastes. This automation process allows for analyses to be performed in both a more rigorous and systematic manner, and with an increased rate of throughput. The system includes techniques to monitor the progress of the analyses and determine if any problems or unusual circumstances warrant stopping or changing the process. Our system has been both designed and validated with assistance of analytical chemists.
Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip., T. balsamita L., T. chiliophyllum (Fisch. & Mey.) Schultz Bip. var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani (Rech. fil.) Grierson and the enantiomeric distribution of camphor and carvone† (2001)

Abstract Water‐distilled essential oils from herbal parts of Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip., T. balsamita L.(syn. Balsamita major ), T. chiliophyllum (Fisch. &amp; Mey.) Schultz Bip. var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani (Rech. Fil.) Grierson (endemic) (Compositae) from Turkey were analysed by GC–MS. The leaf and herb oils of T. armenum were characterized with 1,8‐cineole (31% and 11%) and camphor (9% and 27%), respectively, as the main constituents. The major component characterized in the herb oil of T. balsamita was carvone (52%). Camphor (17% and 16%) was the main constituent in the oils of T. chiliophyllum var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani , respectively. The enantiomeric distribution of carvone in the essential oil of T. balsamita and camphor in the essential oils of T. armenum , T. chiliophyllum var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani were determined using a fused silica Lipodex E capillary column. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Forces on an attractive surface generated from a thermoresponsive polymer gel (2014)

Interaction between polymers and soft-matter surfaces in the biological cell is a common yet incompletely understood phenomenon. This work investigates a generic situation where a thermoresponsive polymer gel is placed in the vicinity of an adsorbing surface, and starts contracting. The force is mediated by polymer chains that partially attach to the surface and partially to the contracting gel. The main goal was to understand how the force generated by the transforming polymer gel depends on key parameters that describe the system, most importantly, the concentration of the polymer, the length of the force-mediating polymer, and the the distance between the surface and the outer border of the contracting polymer gel. The key result of the paper is the Laplace transform (with regard to the polymer length) of the pulling force expression. Analytical approximations for the force have been obtained, and the exact expression for the pulling force is presented for the situation when the gel starts contracting. In depth analysis of the force behavior revealed several phases adopted by the polymer during the gel contraction.
Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery (SFA) Characterized with Velocity Ratios using Vector Velocity Ultrasound (2018)

The study indicates that VFI is a potential future tool for the evaluation of arterial stenoses.
Supplemental Fig. 8 from Pancreatic Cancer–Specific Cell Death Induced <i>In Vivo</i> by Cytoplasmic-Delivered Polyinosine–Polycytidylic Acid (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Fig. 8. In vivo cytoplasmic delivery of [pIC] using invivo jetPEI induces apoptosis in pancreatic tumors&lt;/p&gt;
Mass spectrometry as an ancillary tool in metallo-organic chemical vapour deposition studies. The case of zirconium-cyclopentadienyl derivatives (1998)

Mass spectrometry has been employed as a diagnostic tool to investigate the decomposition of some <?tw=98.9%>zirconium cyclopentadienyl derivatives, namely dimethyl zirconium bis(cyclopentadiene) [(C5H5)2Zr(CH3)2]<?tw=100%> (1), dimethyl zirconium bis(methylcyclopentadiene) [(CH3C5H4)2Zr(CH3)2] (2) and bis(methylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium ditetrahydroborane [(CH3C5H4)2Zr(BH4)2] (3), used as precursors in the metallo-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique for ZrO2 thin films, as an alternative to the β-diketonates and alkoxides which represent the usually employed precursors. The measurements, performed both under electron ionization and electrospray ionization conditions, indicate that the most favoured decomposition channel involves the loss of the methyl or the tetrahydroborane ligands. For compounds 2 and 3 a more complicated decomposition mechanism, involving molecular rearrangements with formation of species containing intramolecular bonds by CH2 bridges, is observed. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV‐1)–Specific Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Virus Load after Recent HIV‐1 Seroconversion (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific memory, or precursor, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in 14 subjects who had recently experienced seroconversion were evaluated with respect to virus set point, defined as plasma HIV-1 RNA level 6 months after seroconversion. Env-, Gag-, Pol-, and Nef-specific precursor CTL were detected in (51)Cr-release assays, using antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors and B cell lines infected with HIV-1-vaccinia recombinants as targets. All subjects tested had precursor CTL specific to at least 2 HIV-1 antigens. Detection of Env-specific precursor CTL was associated with a high set point (P=.0221). The number of antigens recognized tended to be greater in subjects with higher set points (rho=.45621; P=.1171). Gag-specific precursor CTL frequency correlated inversely with set point (rho=-.8478; P=.0003). Two heterozygotes for a 32-bp deletion in CCR5 had the lowest set points (P=.0220) and highest Gag precursor CTL frequencies (P=.0128). These data suggest that host factors that restrict viral replication may be important determinants of the level of HIV-1-specific precursor CTL.
Small Extracellular Vesicles in Pre-Therapy Plasma Predict Clinical Outcome in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2021)

The potential use of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) as predictors of response to therapy and clinical outcome in chemotherapy-naïve patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was explored. sEV were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from the plasma of 79 chemotherapy-naïve NSCLC patients and 12 healthy donors (HD). sEV were characterized with regard to protein content, particle size, counts by qNano, morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and molecular profiles by Western blots. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on circulating immune cells was analysed by flow cytometry. Pre-treatment levels of total sEV protein (TEP) were correlated with overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The sEV numbers and protein levels were significantly elevated in the plasma of NSCLC patients compared to HD (<i>p</i> = 0.009 and 0.0001, respectively). Baseline TEP levels were higher in patients who developed progressive disease compared to patients with stable disease (<i>p</i> = 0.007 and 0.001, stage III and IV, respectively). Patient-derived sEV were enriched in immunosuppressive proteins as compared to proteins carried by sEV from HD. TEP levels were positively correlated with CD8<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>PD-L1<sup>+</sup> circulating T cell percentages and were independently associated with poorer PFS (<i>p</i> < 0.00001) and OS (<i>p</i> < 0.00001). Pre-therapy sEV could be useful as non-invasive biomarkers of response to therapy and clinical outcome in NSCLC.