gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I I S tudy o f t he E fficacy a nd S afety o f C isplatin- Epinephrine I njectable G el A dministered t o P atients W ith Unresectable H epatocellular C arcinoma (2003)

Purpose: To study the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cisplatin-epinephrine (CDDP-EPI) injectable gel in patients with localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods: Eligible patients had histologically proven HCC, no prior treatment except for surgery, and no more than three tumors (each measured < 7 cm, total tumor volume < 200 cm 3 ). They were treated percutaneously under ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) guidance, with up to 10 mL of CDDP-EPI gel (1 mL contains 4 mg of CDDP and 0.1 mg of EPI) per treatment and four treatments in 6 weeks to a maximum of eight treatments. The primary end points were tumor response, defined by change of percentage of tumor necrosis according to CT criteria, and safety. Survival parameters were secondary end points. Results: From June 1997 to April 2000, 58 patients (median age, 65 years) entered the study. All patients were assessable for safety, and 51 were assessable for efficacy. The median number of treatments was four (range, one to eight treatments). Objective response rate was 53% (27 of 51 patients), including 16 complete and 11 partial responses. Of the 27 responders, 14 (52%) subsequently developed progressive disease, but in most of them (93%), a new tumor arose at untreated liver sites. Median survival was 27 months (range, 18.4 to 35.7 months). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 79%, 56%, and 14% respectively. The procedure was well tolerated with only minor side effects. Conclusion: Percutaneous local ablation with CDDP-EPI injectable gel can induce significant tumor necrosis and local control for localized unresectable HCC, and the treatment is well tolerated. J Clin Oncol 21:652-658. © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Hadrons and Quark–Gluon Plasma (2022)

Before matter as we know it emerged, the universe was filled with the primordial state of hadronic matter called quark–gluon plasma. This hot soup of quarks and gluons is effectively an inescapable consequence of our current knowledge about the fundamental hadronic interactions: quantum chromodynamics. This book covers the ongoing search to verify the prediction experimentally and discusses the physical properties of this novel form of matter. It begins with an overview of the subject, followed by a discussion of experimental methods and results. The second half of the book covers hadronic matter in confined and deconfined form, and strangeness as a signature of the quark-gluon phase. It is ideal as an introduction for graduate students, as well as providing a valuable reference for researchers already working in this and related fields. This title, first published in 2002, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
U.S. Trade with China: Programs, Practices, and Opportunities for Taiwanese Firms (1998)

As China's economic reform deepens and the Chinese market becomes more liberalized, trade between the United States and mainland China, particularly in the area of US. exports to China, will continue to expand. This paper argues that the prospects of growing trade between the United States and China represent enormous opportunities for Taiwanese firms, given the unique strengths that Taiwanese firms possess. This argument is made first by reviewing US. government programs and company practices in the area of trade with China. Then, specific opportunities and strategies for Taiwanese firms to form alliances with US. firms in exploring the market in mainland China are discussed.
Plane Strain Rigid Plastic Finite Element Formulation for Sheet Metal Forming Processes (1993)

A rigid plastic finite element model for analysing two-dimensional plane strain sheet metal forming processes is described. The model is based on the large strain formulation using membrane theory, and the material is assumed to be rigid plastic, work hardening and conforms to Hill's anisotropic yield criterion and associated flow rules. The theoretical development follows the work of Kobayashi and Kim on the axisymmetric modelling of sheet metal forming. An application of the model for plane strain cylindrical punch stretching is presented. The results obtained are compared with those provided through an analytical membrane solution described in this work. The agreement found between both solutions is excellent.
STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF BUTYRATE REVEAL TEMPLATES FOR INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL HIF STABILIZERS (2023)

Abstract Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate (BA), show multiple beneficial influences on health. In the colon, BA ranges from 10-20 mM and up to 99% is utilized as a metabolic fuel by the mucosa. BA plays a key role in epithelial barrier regulation, reduces inflammation, and regulates cell growth and differentiation. There are multiple mechanisms by which BA contributes to gut health, many due to its regulatory capacity for gene expression. Our group reported (PMID: 34190032) a direct influence of BA on the stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). It is known that HIF stabilization is essential for appropriate mucosal barrier regulation and the coordination of regenerative capacity in the intestine. However, BA is constantly metabolized limiting its HIF stabilization effect. This observation led to the design and investigation of BA-mimicking compounds that stabilize HIF, but may not be involved in metabolism. We hypothesize that structural modifications of BA yield analogues that stabilize HIF with better efficacy and a longer biological half-life. A library of BA derivatives was screened in search of a non-endogenous analogue with higher potency and/or longer half-life for HIF stabilization. In vitro screenings at physiologically-relevant concentrations (5 mM) were performed using intestinal epithelial cell lines (T84 and CaCO2) in normoxia to determine HIF-1a protein abundance. Various analogues stabilized HIF, with 4-mercapto-butyrate (MBA) being the most promising candidate. The best analogues were validated through the induction of classic HIF gene targets, including BNIP3 and CAIX by q-PCR. MBA exhibited higher induction of these targets compared to BA. Time-course studies revealed that MBA exhibits significantly longer half-life as observed in the stabilization of HIF and induction of gene targets for up to 72 h compared to BA (24 h). Loss of gene induction was observed in MBA treated cells expressing lentiviral shRNA against HIF1b (HIF1b KD), supporting a HIF-dependent transcription. Furthermore, it’s been widely reported that BA enhances epithelial barrier, primarily through HIF coordinated barrier protection. Among several other BA derivatives, MBA enhanced and prolonged epithelial barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. In vivo studies in C57BL/6 mice explored the induction of HIF targets in tissue and specifically erythropoietin (EPO) in circulation following administration of BA and MBA at similar doses. These studies revealed that induction of EPO with a single dose of MBA exceeded that of native BA. In colonic and kidney tissue, GLUT1 and BNIP3 were moderately induced in vivo. Thus, a non-endogenous BA derivative (MBA) stabilizes HIF at higher potency and longer half-life than native BA and will be used as a template for the development of HIF stabilizing agents.
Catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by carbon monoxide over calcined limestone. (1983)

The rate of "NO" reduction by carbon monoxide over calcined limestone was measured over a temperature range (588-922°C) by use of a fixed bed flow reactor. The calcined limestone was found to have a high catalytic activity for "NO" reduction by carbon monoxide and the obtained rate exceeds the rate of catalytic as well as noncatalytic NO reduction by char. A significant effect of calcined lime on NO reduction by carbon monoxide within a calciner and a fluidized bed coal combustor is suggested.
Analysis of oscillating steam engine using numerical calculation (2016)

An oscillating steam engine has been expected as a low cost and efficient energy conversion system at a low operating temperature. In this study,we numerically investigate the oscillating steam engine . It was found, when the total volume of the engine is 4.5cc and hot section is 60mm , it can produce 18.9w. This result is able to reproduce the output of previous research. Then we investigated the change in output when changing the temperature of the heating section. Result of the calculation, the output increased as to increase the temperature of the heating section.
Ethanol Enhances Activation-Induced Caspase-3 Dependent Cell Death in T Lymphocytes (2002)

Background: Clinical and experimental studies have shown that an important deleterious consequence of excessive alcohol consumption is immunosuppression, specifically, a depletion in the mature CD4+ T-cell population. A predominant mechanism involved in T-cell depletion is activation-induced cell death (AICD). Although it is well documented that ethanol intake can cause depletion of CD4+ T cells, the mechanism of how alcohol mediates its effects is unclear. Methods: The results were based on data from three separate experiments presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Jurkat CD4+ T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with 25 mM of ethanol (12–18 hr), followed by stimulation with mitogens Conconavalin A (5 μg/ml) and Phytohemmaglutinin (1 μg/ml) or T-cell receptor ligation (anti-CD3 antibody (5 μg/ml)) for 6 hr, and then harvested for measurement. The apoptotic cell death markers measured include cell viability, Caspase-3-like activity, and DNA fragmentation. Results: We demonstrate that alcohol pretreatment enhances AICD of Jurkat CD4+ T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes upon activation by CD3-crosslinking or stimulation with Conconavalin A and Phytohemmaglutinin. Furthermore, we find that the ethanol-mediated enhancement of T cells to apoptosis involves increased activation of Caspase-3 and can be abrogated by treatment with a specific inhibitor of Caspase-3. Conclusions: Our data indicate that ethanol can sensitize CD4+ T cells to enhanced stimulation-induced Caspase-3 activation and to subsequent AICD. This is, perhaps, an important mechanism in alcohol-induced immunosuppression.
Expression of high and low molecular weight caldesmons during phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells. (1987)

We investigated the expression of two molecular weight forms of caldesmon in a wide range of tissues and cells. The distribution of high molecular weight caldesmon (h-caldesmon, Mr 120,000-150,000) was restricted to smooth muscles where it was found in large quantity. The low molecular weight protein (l-caldesmon, Mr 70,000-80,000) was widely distributed in nonmuscle tissues and cells. Therefore, the expression of h-caldesmon might be much more specific to smooth muscles. We then examined the expressional changes of two caldesmons during phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In developing gizzards, the expression of caldesmons switched from the l- to the h-form. Contrarily, the expression turned from h- to l-caldesmon in association with dedifferentiation of aortic SMCs in primary culture. In agreement with these observations, the levels of those mRNAs that direct the synthesis of both caldesmons were apparently in proportion to the quantities of protein, as determined by use of an in vitro translation system. In addition, h-caldesmon in smooth muscle-like BC3H1 cells increased in its amount with a concomitant reduction of l-caldesmon following serum-depleted and contact-inhibited cytodifferentiation. These results suggest that the expressional changes of two caldesmons are closely correlated with the phenotypic modulation of SMCs.
Hydroisomerization of Renewable and Fossil n‐Alkanes over Bifunctional Dealuminated ZSM‐5 Catalysts (2021)

Abstract The hydroisomerization of two long‐chain n‐alkane mixtures was investigated over bifunctional Pt/H‐ZSM‐5 catalysts before and after dealumination of preshaped zeolite/binder pellets. The hydroisomerization over the dealuminated catalysts leads to more isomers and less cracking products. Consequently, higher ratios of multi‐ to mono‐branched isomerization products are formed as expected for large‐ rather than medium‐pore zeolites. This indicates a higher availability of space in the vicinity of the active sites and provides an attractive route to make medium‐pore zeolites suitable for upgrading higher boiling hydrocarbon feeds.
Induction of high titers of anti-IgE by immunization of inbred mice with syngeneic IgE. (1987)

We have generated high titers (up to 1 mg/ml) of antibodies to isotypic determinants of IgE by immunization of A/J mice with syngeneic monoclonal IgE conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. As much as 3 mg of anti-idiotypic antibodies per ml was induced at the same time. In contrast to conventional rheumatoid factors, the anti-isotypic antibodies are of moderately high affinity (10(7)-10(8) M-1). Assays of the anti-IgE antisera indicated the presence of IgE, both free and in the form of immune complexes; the latter values are minimum estimates owing to masking of isotypic determinants. Regulatory effects of these high titers of anti-IgE can now be investigated. Such studies will be facilitated by the availability of monoclonal, syngeneic anti-IgE antibodies.
A RHEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE SELECTION OF ADDITIVES FOR WET GUNNING CASTABLES (2003)

A successful wet gunning installation is only possible when using the correct type and amount of rheological modifier at the nozzle. This additive is responsible for changing a high flow castable to a very stiff one and it also assures good adhesion to the application area. This paper presents a comparative study of sodium silicate, sodium aluminate and an organic additive. Rheological properties of a commercial 70% alumina wet gunning castable were evaluated by a special rheometer and its matrix was studied using viscosimetry techniques. This methodology makes possible the selection of the best type of additive and its minimal level to modify the castable consistency and also to understand the mechanism of rheologic changes.Une installation réussie de projection humide est possible seulement si l’on utilise la sorte et la quantité appropriées d’agents modificateurs rhéologiques à l’injecteur. Cet additif est responsable du changement d’un béton réfractaire à grand écoulement en un béton réfractaire très ferme et il assure également une bonne adhésion à la surface d’application. Ce document présente une étude comparative du silicate de sodium, de l’aluminate de sodium et d’un additif organique. Les propriétés rhéologiques d’un béton réfractaire commercial à 70% d’alumine pour projection humide ont été évaluées avec un rhéomètre particulier et sa matrice a été étudiée par des techniques de viscosimétrie. Cette méthodologie rend possible la sélection de la meilleure sorte d’additif et de son niveau minimum permettant de modifier la consistance du béton réfractaire. Elle rend également possible la compréhension du mécanisme de changements rhéologiques.
Shot repetition: An alternative seismic blending code in marine acquisition (2018)

In blended seismic acquisition, or simultaneous source seismic acquisition, source encoding is essential at the acquisition stage to allow for separation of the blended sources at the processing stage. In land seismic surveys, the vibroseis sources may be encoded with near-orthogonal sweeps for blending. In marine seismic surveys, the sweep type of source encoding is difficult because the main source type in marine seismic exploration is the air-gun array, which has an impulsive character. Another issue in marine streamer seismic data acquisition is that the spatial source sampling is generally coarse. This hinders the deblending performance of algorithms based on the random time delay blending code that inherently requires a dense source sampling because they exploit the signal coherency in the common-receiver domain. We have developed an alternative source code called shot repetition that exploits the impulsive character of the marine seismic source in blending. This source code consists of repeated spikes of ones and can be realized physically by activating a broadband impulsive source more than once at (nearly) the same location. Optimization of the shot-repetition type of blending code was done to improve the deblending performance. As a result of using shot repetition, the deblending process can be carried out in individual shot gathers. Therefore, our method has no need for a regular dense source sampling: It can cope with irregular sparse source sampling; it can help with real-time data quality control. In addition, the use of shot repetition is beneficial for reducing the background noise in the deblended data. We determine the feasibility of our method on numerical examples.
A genetic switch in vitro: DNA inversion by Gin protein of phage Mu. (1984)

Inversion of the G segment in the DNA of Escherichia coli phage Mu depends on the Mu Gin protein and alters the host range of the phage. The frequency of the inversion reaction is low both in the lysogenic state and during lytic growth. A sensitive assay was developed to detect low levels of G inversion: the E. coli lac operon was inserted within the invertible G segment in such a way that the lac operon was expressed only by G(-) clones. As a result Gin-catalyzed inversion from G(+) to G(-) can be monitored as a lactose-negative to lactose-utilizing switch. Using a crude extract from a Gin-overproducing strain and this assay plasmid, we could detect a low level of G inversion in vitro (1% in 30 min). The reaction depends on Mg2+ and a supercoiled substrate. Under optimized reaction conditions over 15% of the plasmids had the G segment inverted after incubation with Gin in vitro. The inversion was then visualized by agarose gel analysis of plasmid DNA digested by restriction endonucleases. The Gin protein retains its catalytic properties upon partial purification. The mechanism of this genetic switch can now be studied in vitro.
The demosponge Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) as a novel source of biosurfactant‐producing bacteria (2018)

The Mediterranean sponge Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea was explored as a novel matrix for the isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. A total of 38 (out of 56) isolates gave a good response to the employed screening tests (e.g., stable emulsion detection, surface tension measurement, hemolytic activity, and blue agar plate assay) and were selected for further analyses. The thin layer chromatography revealed a possible glucidic composition of biosurfactants. Most promising strains, i.e., those able to produce stable emulsion with percentage higher than 30% and yellow spots on TLC plates, were affiliated to the genera Pseudovibrio, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus. The biosurfactant production by two isolates (i.e., Acinetobacter sp. SpN134 and Pseudovibrio sp. SpE85) was evaluated under different culture conditions, in terms of temperature, NaCl concentration, and pH. Surface tension reduction ability was more stable than the emulsification, and resulted differently influenced by salinity, temperature, and pH. Acinetobacter sp. SpN134 resulted particularly efficient and competitive if compared with other well-known biosurfactant producers. Data suggest that sponges may represent a promising matrix for the isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria, reinforcing the growing interest towards filter-feeding organisms as underexplored sources of specialized bacteria.
Fabrication and characterisation of a novel MOSFET gas sensor (2002)

A novel MOSFET gas sensor for the investigation has been developed. Its configuration resembles a"normally on"n-type thin-film transistor (TFT) with a gas sensitive metal oxide as a channel. The device used in the experiments only differs from common TFTs in the gate configuration. In order to allow gas reactions with the SnO2-surface, the gate is buried under the semiconducting layer. Without any gate voltage, the device works as a conventional metal oxide gas sensor. Applied gate voltages affect the channel carrier concentration and surface potential of the metal oxide, thus causing a change in sensitivity. The results of the gas measurements are in accordance with the electric adsorption effect, which was postulated by Fedor Wolkenstein 1957, and arises the possibility to operate a semiconductor gas sensor at relatively low temperatures and, thereby, be able to integrate CMOS electronics for processing of measurements at the same chip.
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and COX-1 Potentiate β-Amyloid Peptide Generation through Mechanisms That Involve γ-Secretase Activity (2003)

In previous studies we found that overexpression of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, in the brain exacerbated beta-amyloid (A beta) neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. To explore the mechanism through which COX may influence A beta amyloidosis, we used an adenoviral gene transfer system to study the effects of human (h)COX-1 and hCOX-2 isoform expression on A beta peptide generation. We found that expression of hCOXs in human amyloid precursor protein (APP)-overexpressing (Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-APPswe) cells or human neuroglioma (H4-APP751) cells resulting in 10-25 nM prostaglandin (PG)-E2 concentration in the conditioned medium coincided with an approximately 1.8-fold elevation of A beta-(1-40) and A beta-(1-42) peptide generation and an approximately 1.8-fold induction of the C-terminal fragment (CTF)-gamma cleavage product of the APP, an index of gamma-secretase activity. Treatment of APP-overexpressing cells with the non-selective COX inhibitor ibuprofen (1 microM, 48 h) or with the specific gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458 significantly attenuated hCOX-1- and hCOX-2-mediated induction of A beta peptide generation and CTF-gamma cleavage product formation. Based on this evidence, we next tested the hypothesis that COX expression might promote A beta peptide generation via a PG-E2-mediated mechanism. We found that exposure of CHO-APPswe or human embryonic kidney (HEK-APPswe) cells to PG-E2 (11-deoxy-PG-E2) at a concentration (10 nM) within the range of PG-E2 found in hCOX-expressing cells similarly promoted (approximately 1.8-fold) the generation of the CTF-gamma cleavage product of APP and commensurate A beta-(1-40) and A beta-(1-42) peptide elevation. The study suggests that expression of COXs may influence A beta peptide generation through mechanisms that involve PG-E2-mediated potentiation of gamma-secretase activity, further supporting a role for COX-2 and COX-1 in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.