gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Interstitial H2O in Hexacyanometallates for a Superior Cathode of a Sodium-Ion Battery (2015)

Sodium is globally available, which makes a sodium-ion rechargeable battery preferable to a lithium-ion battery for large-scale storage of electrical energy, provided a host cathode for Na can be found that provides the necessary capacity, voltage, and cycle life at the prescribed charge/discharge rate. Low-cost hexacyanometallates are promising cathodes because of their ease of synthesis and rigid open framework that enables fast Na(+) insertion and extraction. Here we report an intriguing effect of interstitial H2O on the structure and electrochemical properties of sodium manganese(II) hexacyanoferrates(II) with the nominal composition Na2MnFe(CN)6·zH2O (Na2-δMnHFC). The newly discovered dehydrated Na2-δMnHFC phase exhibits superior electrochemical performance compared to other reported Na-ion cathode materials; it delivers at 3.5 V a reversible capacity of 150 mAh g(-1) in a sodium half cell and 140 mAh g(-1) in a full cell with a hard-carbon anode. At a charge/discharge rate of 20 C, the half-cell capacity is 120 mAh g(-1), and at 0.7 C, the cell exhibits 75% capacity retention after 500 cycles.
Unsteady Combustor Physics (2012)

Developing clean, sustainable energy systems is a pre-eminent issue of our time. Most projections indicate that combustion-based energy conversion systems will continue to be the predominant approach for the majority of our energy usage. Unsteady combustor issues present the key challenge associated with the development of clean, high-efficiency combustion systems such as those used for power generation, heating or propulsion applications. This comprehensive study is unique, treating the subject in a systematic manner. Although this book focuses on unsteady combusting flows, it places particular emphasis on the system dynamics that occur at the intersection of the combustion, fluid mechanics and acoustic disciplines. Individuals with a background in fluid mechanics and combustion will find this book to be an incomparable study that synthesises these fields into a coherent understanding of the intrinsically unsteady processes in combustors.
Evaluation of natural wax for green packaging applications (2019)

Society has become more aware of the negative environmental impact of the petroleum-based packaging materials (e.g. plastics) used in the food industry. Therefore, cleaner and more sustainable pack ...
Cable oversheath materials: the first line of defence for improved cable reliability (2009)

The reliability of newly installed cables is expected to be as high as possible from commissioning to replacement. The cable oversheath (jacket) provides the first line of defence for the cable during transportation, installation and throughout its life in the laying environment. As such choosing the most appropriate oversheath material is essential to protect the cable at all stage of its life. (4 pages)
Heme uptake in Lactobacillus sakei evidenced by a new ECF-like transport system (2019)

Abstract Lactobacillus sakei is a non-pathogenic lactic acid bacterium and a natural inhabitant of meat ecosystems. Although red meat is a heme-rich environment, L. sakei does not need iron or heme for growth, while possessing a heme-dependent catalase. Iron incorporation into L. sakei from myoglobin and hemoglobin was formerly shown by microscopy and the L. sakei genome reveals a complete equipment for iron and heme transport. Here, we report the characterization of a five-gene cluster ( lsa1836-1840 ) encoding a putative metal iron ABC transporter. Interestingly, this cluster, together with a heme dependent catalase gene, is also conserved in other species from the meat ecosystem. Our bioinformatic analyses revealed that the locus might refer to a complete machinery of an Energy Coupling Factor (ECF) transport system. We quantified in vitro the intracellular heme in wild-type (WT) and in our Δ lsa1836-1840 deletion mutant using an intracellular heme sensor and ICP-Mass spectrometry for quantifying incorporated 57 Fe heme. We showed that in the WT L. sakei , heme accumulation occurs fast and massively in the presence of hemin, while the deletion mutant was impaired in heme uptake; this ability was restored by in trans complementation. Our results establish the main role of the L. sakei Lsa1836-1840 ECF-like system in heme uptake. This research outcome shed new light on other possible functions of ECF-like systems. Importance Lactobacillus sakei is a non-pathogenic bacterial species exhibiting high fitness in heme rich environments such as meat products, although it does not need iron nor heme for growth. Heme capture and utilization capacities are often associated with pathogenic species and are considered as virulence-associated factors in the infected hosts. For these reasons, iron acquisition systems have been deeply studied in such species, while for non-pathogenic bacteria the information is scarce. Genomic data revealed that several putative iron transporters are present in the genome of the lactic acid bacterium L. sakei. In this study, we demonstrate that one of them, is an ECF-like ABC transporter with a functional role in heme transport. Such evidence has not yet been brought for an ECF, therefore our study reveals a new class of heme transport system.
Leukotriene receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1 (2023)

The leukotriene receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on Leukotriene Receptors [35, 38]) are activated by the endogenous ligands leukotrienes (LT), synthesized from lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. The human BLT1 receptor is the high affinity LTB4 receptor whereas the BLT2 receptor in addition to being a low-affinity LTB4 receptor also binds several other lipoxygenase-products, such as 12S-HETE, 12S-HPETE, 15S-HETE, and the thromboxane synthase product 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid. The BLT receptors mediate chemotaxis and immunomodulation in several leukocyte populations and are in addition expressed on non-myeloid cells, such as vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. In addition to BLT receptors, LTB4 has been reported to bind to the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α [201] and the vanilloid TRPV1 ligand-gated nonselective cation channel [223]. The crystal structure of the BLT1 receptor was initially determined in complex with selective antagonists [141, 231] and has recently been extended to the cryo-electron microscopy structure of LTB4-bound human BLT1 receptor at 2.91 Å resolution [389]. The receptors for the cysteinyl-leukotrienes (i.e. LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4) are termed CysLT1 and CysLT2 and exhibit distinct expression patterns in human tissues, mediating for example smooth muscle cell contraction, regulation of vascular permeability, and leukocyte activation. Quite recently, the the crystal structures of both receptors have been solved, the CysLT1 in complex with zafirlukast and pranlukast [203] and the CysLT2 in complex with three dual CysLT1/CysLT2 antagonists [122]. There is also evidence in the literature for additional CysLT receptor subtypes, derived from functional in vitro studies, radioligand binding and in mice lacking both CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors [38]. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes have also been suggested to signal through the P2Y12 receptor [99, 251, 280], GPR17 [60] and GPR99 [173].
Experimental benchmarking of a Monte Carlo dose simulation code for pediatric CT (2007)

In recent years, there has been a desire to reduce CT radiation dose to children because of their susceptibility and prolonged risk for cancer induction. Concerns arise, however, as to the impact of dose reduction on image quality and thus potentially on diagnostic accuracy. To study the dose and image quality relationship, we are developing a simulation code to calculate organ dose in pediatric CT patients. To benchmark this code, a cylindrical phantom was built to represent a pediatric torso, which allows measurements of dose distributions from its center to its periphery. Dose distributions for axial CT scans were measured on a 64-slice multidetector CT (MDCT) scanner (GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK). The same measurements were simulated using a Monte Carlo code (PENELOPE, Universitat de Barcelona) with the applicable CT geometry including bowtie filter. The deviations between simulated and measured dose values were generally within 5%. To our knowledge, this work is one of the first attempts to compare measured radial dose distributions on a cylindrical phantom with Monte Carlo simulated results. It provides a simple and effective method for benchmarking organ dose simulation codes and demonstrates the potential of Monte Carlo simulation for investigating the relationship between dose and image quality for pediatric CT patients.
Mupbed: a pan-European prototype for multidomain research networks (2009)

Integration and full interoperability are challenging areas of research in wide area networks today. A European project, MUPBED, has recently concluded and achieved the main result of integrating and demonstrating technologies and network solutions that enable the operation of future European research infrastructures capable of supporting advanced applications. The achieved results are largely valid for any multidomain network scenario. The test network set up by the project is a prototype multidomain optical network able to provide connectivity on demand services across multiple domains directly driven by the applications. Rather than implementing ex novo a unified control plane and replacing existing equipment, the project approach has been to enable seamless interworking of different control planes by means of ASON/GMPLS and standardized network interfaces. This was done in accomplishment of the project target, which was to test and trial a common migration path toward the future European research network that should be followed by national research and education network operators, together with commercial operators. This article describes the main aspects of the MUPBED experience, which by its own peculiar nature provides deep insight into the most recent evolution of control-plane-enabled optical networking toward multidomain integration. Topics covered by the project and briefly related here include network architecture, applications, protocol and control software development, standardization issues, design, analysis and simulation, testing, measurement, and monitoring.
Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis of HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells via the Regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio and Caspase-9-Dependent Pathway (2012)

Sanguinarine is an alkaloid obtained from the bloodroot plant Sanguinaria canadensis and has beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Previous reports have demonstrated that sanguinarine also exhibit anticancer properties. In the current study, we investigated the effects of sanguinarine on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. It was observed that sanguinarine treatment induces a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. We also investigated the effects of sanguinarine on the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, and the results revealed that there was an increase in Bax and a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein levels. Moreover, sanguinarine treatment significantly increases the activation of caspases 3 and 9 that are the key executioners in apoptosis. Our results suggest that sanguinarine induces apoptosis of HT-29 human colon cancer cells and may have a potential therapeutic use in the treatment of human colon cancer.
Snail1 suppresses TGF-β-induced apoptosis and is sufficient to trigger EMT in hepatocytes (2010)

Although TGF-β suppresses early stages of tumour development, it later contributes to tumour progression when cells become resistant to its suppressive effects. In addition to circumventing TGF-β-induced growth arrest and apoptosis, malignant tumour cells become capable of undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), favouring invasion and metastasis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms that allow cancer cells to escape from the suppressive effects of TGF-β is fundamental to understand tumour progression and to design specific therapies. Here, we have examined the role of Snail1 as a suppressor of TGF-β-induced apoptosis in murine non-transformed hepatocytes, rat and human hepatocarcinoma cell lines and transgenic mice. We show that Snail1 confers resistance to TGF-β-induced cell death and that it is sufficient to induce EMT in adult hepatocytes, cells otherwise refractory to this transition upon exposure to TGF-β. Furthermore, we show that Snail1 silencing prevents EMT and restores the cell death response induced by TGF-β. As Snail1 is a known target of TGF-β signalling, our data indicate that Snail1 might transduce the tumour-promoting effects of TGF-β, namely the EMT concomitant with the resistance to cell death.
Killing of Different Strains of Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cysts by Irradiation under Defined Conditions (1994)

To study the effect of gamma-irradiation on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts, brains of mice inoculated with 95 newly isolated strains of T. gondii from pigs and 10 other laboratory isolates were pooled, flattened, packed in vacuum, and irradiated to absorbed doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.9 kGy at 5 C (+/- 0.5 C) with a 137Cs gamma-radiation source. Treated samples were bioassayed for viable T. gondii in mice, cats, or both. Tissue cysts of all strains were rendered nonviable at 0.4 kGy. To study the effect of temperature on inactivation by irradiation, tissue cysts were irradiated at -4, 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 C (+/- 0.5 C) at 0.25 kGy. Temperature during irradiation had no marked effect on the viability of tissue cysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of a Binaphthol‐Derived Phosphite and a C1‐Symmetric Phosphinamine Generates Heteroleptic Catalysts in Rh‐ and Pd‐Mediated Reactions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AFLP marker polymorphism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) near isogenic lines differing in sex expression. (2003)

The AFLP technique was used to evaluate the level of polymorphism between two pairs of isogenic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines (NIL) differing in flower sex expression. The BSA techniques were also applied to find molecular markers linked to sex determination genes (dominant alleles) in those cucumber lines. Sex determination in cucumber is controlled by three main loci F, M and Gy. The interaction of these loci is responsible for the formation of the various phenotypes of flowers in respect to sex in the analyzed lines [corrected]. A female line 2gg with a ff/MM/gygy genotype, isogenic to a monoecious line B10 (genotype ff/MM/GyGy), and a female line Gy3 with a FF/MM/GyGy genotype, isogenic to a hermaphroditic line HGy3 (genotype FF/mm/GyGy). Using 56 combinations of AFLP primers, used for the analysis of lines 2gg and B10, gave 3794 bands, of which 155 (4.1%) were polymorphic. Ten bands distinguished gynoecious and monoecious bulks appearing at the same time in the appropriate parent; they are believed to be linked to the Gy locus. The isogenic lines Gy3 and HGy3 showed a higher level of polymorphism (14.2%). In this case, 55 combinations of primers gave 2996 reaction products, of which 430 showed variation. Twenty bands occurred in one bulk and in one parent, so they are probably associated with the M locus. Using the AFLP technique, the isogenicity of the lines was evaluated. The level of polymorphism (per pair of primer) between lines 2gg and B10 is 0.072% and is four times lower than that between the Gy3 and HGy3 lines (0.27%). The differences in the isogenicity of the lines can result from the degree of their relatedness, which may reflect the way they were derived.
Abnormalities in the functioning of adipocytes from R6/2 mice that are transgenic for the Huntington's disease mutation (2001)

In an effort to characterize the basis of abnormalities in body weight regulation (i.e. wasting) in Huntington's disease (HD), we examined adipocytes in a transgenic model of HD, the R6/2 mouse. These mice typically show severe wasting beginning at approximately 12 weeks of age and die between 12 and 15 weeks. Despite an overall growth retardation compared with wild-type littermates, we observed an enhanced accumulation of body fat at 8-9 weeks of age in R6/2 mice fed laboratory chow or a synthetic high fat, high sugar diet. The obesity was not accompanied by symptoms associated with diabetes, as there were no abnormalities in serum glucose, serum insulin or the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue. As expected, the obesity in the high fat, high sugar-fed R6/2 mice was accompanied by increased serum leptin. The ability of insulin to stimulate leptin release from isolated epididymal adipose tissue was also enhanced in R6/2 mice. In contrast, the ability of isoproterenol to inhibit leptin release was reduced in adipose tissue from R6/2 mice, as was the lipolytic effect of isoproterenol. These data suggest that the obesity observed at 8-9 weeks in R6/2 mice may stem from a defect in fat breakdown by adipocytes.
Clinical use of ezetimibe. (2003)

Despite advances in pharmacological therapies to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease, it remains the leading cause of death in Canada. There now exists a large body of evidence demonstrating that reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) effectively reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite this, a large proportion of patients who would benefit from this intervention are still not achieving the recommended LDL-C levels. The currently available pharmacological agents, especially statins, are very effective but have rare, yet potentially significant, side effects. The likelihood of these side effects is small but does increase with increasing drug dose. As a result, dosages are often not titrated upward because they cannot be tolerated or their side effects are feared by either physicians or patients. Ezetimibe is a new cholesterol absorption inhibitor that is safe and effective in total cholesterol and LDL-C reduction. When used as monotherapy or in combination with a statin, ezetimibe has been shown to reduce LDL-C by an additional 15% to 20% and improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides slightly. The addition of ezetimibe to a statin produces an LDL-C reduction of similar magnitude to a three-fold increase in statin dose. The combination of ezetimibe and either atorvastatin or simvastatin has also been found to be beneficial in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The safety profile is similar to placebo and no significant drug interactions have been observed. There is no clinical trial outcome evidence associated with the use of ezetimibe at this time. Thus, ezetimibe is a safe and effective addition to the current LDL-C lowering regimen and is most useful in those patients who cannot achieve sufficient LDL-C reduction with an adequate dose of statin alone, cannot tolerate a statin or are fearful of a statin.
Direct Share: Photo Management System Based on Round-robin Concept-driven User Preference Feedback (2011)

As the size of camera modules is decreasing and as the computing performance of portable devices is improving, taking photos has become a part of daily life. However, existing photo management programs and products that manage such photos still require extensive user effort to facilitate the sharing and browsing of images. It is especially difficult for novice users to manage and share photos. In this paper, we develop a round-robin concept-driven user preference feedback mechanism for achieving direct photo sharing, instant display, and easy management using optimized user controls and user preference-driven classification. Compared with commercial photo management systems, our proposed solution provides new features: optimized user controls, direct sharing and instant display, and user preference feedback driven classification. These new features boost the round-robin concept-driven user preference feedback. This paper proposes a photo finder that automatically searches for photos in storage spaces or cameras. The proposed photo finder relies on user preference feedback to share photos by leveraging user preferences, and the round-robin connection transmits photos to the family"s digital photo frame or web album by arbiter. The proposed method saves time and spares users the effort required for photo management. Moreover, this method does not merely direct photo sharing and simple photo management, but it also increases the satisfaction level of users viewing the photos.
Protein Design with Deep Learning (2021)

Computational Protein Design (CPD) has produced impressive results for engineering new proteins, resulting in a wide variety of applications. In the past few years, various efforts have aimed at replacing or improving existing design methods using Deep Learning technology to leverage the amount of publicly available protein data. Deep Learning (DL) is a very powerful tool to extract patterns from raw data, provided that data are formatted as mathematical objects and the architecture processing them is well suited to the targeted problem. In the case of protein data, specific representations are needed for both the amino acid sequence and the protein structure in order to capture respectively 1D and 3D information. As no consensus has been reached about the most suitable representations, this review describes the representations used so far, discusses their strengths and weaknesses, and details their associated DL architecture for design and related tasks.
Light-diffraction-based overlay measurement (2001)

Optical overlay measurement methods are very effective since they are rapid and non-destructive. Imaging techniques need sophisticated image processing and suffer from the wave- optical resolution drawback. Presently, leading edge devices are offered with 5 though 10 nm measuring accuracy. In this paper a method is proposed that relies on the diffraction of a probing laser beam at a periodic reference pattern. This special pattern is implemented in the circuit layout. After the resist patterning of the second of two consecutive layers, the diffraction at the resulting net grating is measured. If an appropriate grating design is chosen, the misalignment error can be directly extracted from the diffraction efficiency. In order to obtain a strong diffraction signal and thus a sufficient signal-to- noise ratio optimum grating designs have been computed by means of rigorous diffraction modeling. Experimental results supported by rigorous modeling suggest that this technique could have the potential to meet next generation overlay accuracy requirements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles from 5‐Chloro‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐3( 2H)‐ones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase control through anisotropic strain in Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin films (2005)

Strain effect in charge- and orbital-ordered state has been investigated for Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin films deposited on (100), (110), and (111)-oriented substrates of SrTiO3. Films on (001) and (111) substrates have a monotonous temperature dependence for magnetic and transport properties showing no first-order phase transition. On the other hand, films on (110) substrate show a clear ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic and metal-insulator transition around 170K similar to that in a bulk single crystal, which is a manifestation of the charge and orbital order. Precise control of the hole concentration was also demonstrated around half doping.