gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of soil on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in reducing Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in maize (2010)

The use of entomopathogenic nematodes is one potential non-chemical approach to control the larvae of the invasive western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Europe. This study investigated the efficacy of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, Jackson and Klein (Rh., Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rh., Steinernematidae) in reducing D. v. virgifera as a function of soil characteristics. A field experiment was repeated four times in southern Hungary using artificially infested maize plants potted into three different soils. Sleeve gauze cages were used to assess the number of emerging adult D. v. virgifera from the treatments and untreated controls. Results indicate that nematodes have the potential to reduce D. v. virgifera larvae in most soils; however, their efficacy can be higher in maize fields with heavy clay or silty clay soils than in sandy soils, which is in contrast to the common assumption that nematodes perform better in sandy soils than in heavy soils.
Epstein equivalent layer versus Chebyshev polynomial synthesis in optical interference coating design (1990)

The two main synthesis methods of optical interference coating design, Epstein equivalentlayersynthesis andChebyshevpolynomial synthesis, areevaluated, characterized and compared. Epstein designs are easier to produce. Chebyshev designs are superior but, because of implementation problems, often turn out worse than Epstein designs. This could change in 1 ight of recent progresses in rf-sputtering.
Degradation of Acids to Alcohols by the Carboxy-Inversion Reaction (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegradation of Acids to Alcohols by the Carboxy-Inversion ReactionDonald B. Denney and Norman ShermanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 11, 3760–3761Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01022a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01022a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1608Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional Characterization of Alternative Splicing in the C Terminus of L-type CaV1.3 Channels (2011)

Ca(V)1.3 channels are unique among the high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel family because they activate at the most negative potentials and display very rapid calcium-dependent inactivation. Both properties are of crucial importance in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and substantia nigra, where the influx of Ca(2+) ions at subthreshold membrane voltages supports pacemaking function. Previously, alternative splicing in the Ca(V)1.3 C terminus gives rise to a long (Ca(V)1.3(42)) and a short form (Ca(V)1.3(42A)), resulting in a pronounced activation at more negative voltages and faster inactivation in the latter. It was further shown that the C-terminal modulator in the Ca(V)1.3(42) isoforms modulates calmodulin binding to the IQ domain. Using splice variant-specific antibodies, we determined that protein localization of both splice variants in different brain regions were similar. Using the transcript-scanning method, we further identified alternative splicing at four loci in the C terminus of Ca(V)1.3 channels. Alternative splicing of exon 41 removes the IQ motif, resulting in a truncated Ca(V)1.3 protein with diminished inactivation. Splicing of exon 43 causes a frameshift and exhibits a robust inactivation of similar intensity to Ca(V)1.3(42A). Alternative splicing of exons 44 and 48 are in-frame, altering interaction of the distal modulator with the IQ domain and tapering inactivation slightly. Thus, alternative splicing in the C terminus of Ca(V)1.3 channels modulates its electrophysiological properties, which could in turn alter neuronal firing properties and functions.
A Pulse Width Modulation based Power-elastic and Robust Mixed-signal\n Perceptron Design (2019)

Neural networks are exerting burgeoning influence in emerging artificial\nintelligence applications at the micro-edge, such as sensing systems and image\nprocessing. As many of these systems are typically self-powered, their circuits\nare expected to be resilient and efficient in the presence of continuous power\nvariations caused by the harvesters.\n In this paper, we propose a novel mixed-signal (i.e. analogue/digital)\napproach of designing a power-elastic perceptron using the principle of pulse\nwidth modulation (PWM). Fundamental to the design are a number of parallel\ninverters that transcode the input-weight pairs based on the principle of PWM\nduty cycle. Since PWM-based inverters are typically agnostic to amplitude and\nfrequency variations, the perceptron shows a high degree of power elasticity\nand robustness under these variations. We show extensive design analysis in\nCadence Analog Design Environment tool using a 3x3 perceptron circuit as a case\nstudy to demonstrate the resilience in the presence of parameric variations.\n
Upfront intra-refresh decision for low-complexity wireless video telephony (2006)

An adaptive intra-refresh (IR) technique is proposed for low-complexity video encoding on resource-constrained wireless platforms. The IR decision is made upfront without requiring any pre-encoding, which significantly reduces the complexity and power consumption in real-time communication. To allow upfront mode decision, a novel closed-form solution is provided requiring no algorithmic iteration or exhaustive searches. The IR scheme adapts to multiple factors including the content texture information, the frame-to-frame pixel-value variation, and the estimated channel loss probability. The macroblock-based refresh can be performed using various patterns (i.e., cyclic, random etc.). Experimental results demonstrate superior performance of the adaptive scheme over fixed schemes at all channel loss rates
Recognition method of behavioral pattern by sequential learning for life logs (2010)

We proposed a new pattern recognition method suitable for sequential learning and self adapting. which meets the requirement of Web behavioral analysis on large Life Log databases. Even if sparse data, such as web page keywords, a user's web sequence can be efficiently compared with the statistical sequence. If a user's Web behavior does not change suddenly, our method will be accurate. For future work, we will evaluate the above¯metioned details in terms of performance and accuracy.
Correlation between lung infection severity and clinical laboratory indicators in patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study based on machine learning (2020)

Abstract Background: New coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that has raised worldwide concern. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the extent of lung infection and relevant clinical laboratory testing indicators in COVID-19 and to analyse its underlying mechanism. Methods: Chest high-resolution computer tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination data of 31 patients with COVID-19 were extracted, and the lesion areas in CT images were quantitatively segmented and calculated using the deep learning (DL) system. A cross-sectional study method was used to explore the differences among the proportions of lung lobe infection and to correlate the percentage of infection (POI) of the whole lung in all patients with clinical laboratory examination values. Results: No significant difference in the proportion of infection was noted among various lung lobes ( P &gt; 0.05). The POI of total lung infection was negatively correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage (L%) ( r = -0.633, P &lt; 0.0001) and lymphocyte count (LY) ( r = -0.555, P = 0.001) but positively correlated with the neutrophil percentage (G%) ( r = 0.565, P = 0.001). Otherwise, the POI was not significantly correlated with the peripheral blood leukocyte count (WBC), monocyte percentage (M%) or haemoglobin content (HGB). In some patients, the G% increased continuously and was accompanied by a progressive decrease in the L% and LY. Conclusions: No significant difference in infection propensity was noted among the lung lobes in COVID-19 patients. The peripheral blood lymphocyte and neutrophil levels are significantly correlated with the extent of lung lesions, and related indicator abnormalities serve as a warning, thus guiding the implications of clinical interventions in patients.
Transport of fullerene molecules along graphene nanoribbons (2012)

We study the motion of C₆₀ fullerene molecules and short-length carbon nanotubes on graphene nanoribbons. We reveal that the character of the motion of C₆₀ depends on temperature: for T < 150 K the main type of motion is sliding along the surface, but for higher temperatures the sliding is replaced by rocking and rolling. Modeling of the buckyball with an included metal ion demonstrates that this molecular complex undergoes a rolling motion along the nanoribbon with the constant velocity under the action of a constant electric field. The similar effect is observed in the presence of the heat gradient applied to the nanoribbon, but mobility of carbon structures in this case depends largely on their size and symmetry, such that larger and more asymmetric structures demonstrate much lower mobility. Our results suggest that both electorphoresis and thermophoresis can be employed to control the motion of carbon molecules and fullerenes.
Long term culture of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxia promotes a genetic program maintaining their undifferentiated and multipotent status (2011)

The duration of hypoxemia is a critical parameter in the differentiation capacity of MSC. Even in growth promoting conditions, hypoxia enhanced a genetic program that maintained the cells undifferentiated and multipotent. This condition may better reflect the in vivo gene signature of MSC, with potential implications in regenerative medicine.
Synthesis and processing of maize storage proteins in Xenopus laevis oocytes (1979)

Xenopus oocytes injected with zein mRNAs efficiently synthesized maize storage proteins for prolonged periods. Under optimal conditions, zein was synthesized at 3 ng/hr and represented approximately 10% of the total protein synthesized in the oocyte. The mRNA from the normal maize inbred line directed synthesis of all the major zein components; however, products of mRNA from the opaque-2 mutant did not contain the largest zein component. Zein proteins synthesized in the oocyte were 2000 daltons smaller than proteins synthesized by cell-free translation of mRNAs in the wheat germ and reticulocyte systems. This result, which suggested that the oocyte processed prezein polypeptides into native zein proteins, was confirmed by amino-terminal sequence analysis of zein proteins from the oocytes. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of translation products from oocytes and the wheat germ system confirmed the existence of several proteins within each of the major zein components. However, we were unable to detect the presence of signal sequences on zein peptides by this technique.
A Suggested Mechanism for the Selective Procedure for Isolating Thymine-Requiring Mutants of Escherichia coli (1966)

Aminopterin, an analogue of folic acid, binds very strongly to the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the generation of tetrahydrofolate, the cofactor of a number of Ci transfers (Huennekens,
Two new efficient crystalline silicon light-trapping textures (1999)

As a solar cell material, silicon has the disadvantage of an indirect bandgap, requiring both a photon and a phonon to be involved in near-bandgap absorption processes. This disadvantage can be largely offset by schemes designed to trap incoming light within the body of the cell. Improved light-trapping schemes have been a significant contributor to the increase in silicon solar cell performance from 21% efficiency to close to 25% over the last decade. Two new light-trapping schemes are described, both with superior properties to those previously reported. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feline Leukaemia: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management (2009)

All cats with an uncertain FeLV status should be tested prior to vaccination. All healthy cats at potential risk of exposure should be vaccinated against FeLV. Kittens should be vaccinated at 8-9 weeks of age, with a second vaccination at 12 weeks, followed by a booster 1 year later. The ABCD suggests that, in cats older than 3-4 years of age, a booster every 2-3 years suffices, in view of the significantly lower susceptibility of older cats.
Novel schemes for traffic engineering in access domains (2006)

Abstract In this paper, our approach to tackling the problem of traffic engineering in access domains is discussed. The complete solution would take into account bandwidth management, allocation, de‐allocation, protection and restoration. In this work, we focus on one part of the problem, i.e. constrained routing in the MPLS access domains. We define all categories of traffic in an access domain and use CF (conjunction factor) as a figure of merit for performance evaluation of constrained routing schemes and present algorithms that control and limit CF value. The results of conducting simulations using various constrained routing algorithms are presented and conclusions are outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Avidity, Potency, and Cross-Reactivity of Monoclonal Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Serotype 6B (2001)

Many pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PSs) are similar in structure, and a pneumococcal antibody often binds to all of the PSs with a similar structure. Yet, these cross-reactive antibodies may bind to the structurally related pneumococcal capsular PSs with an avidity too low to be effective. If memory B cells producing such weakly cross-reactive antibodies are elicited with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, the memory cells for low-avidity antibodies could compromise the subsequent immune responses to the cross-reactive PS (original antigenic sin). To investigate these issues, we produced 14 hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the capsular PS of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B by immunizing BALB/c mice with antigens containing 6B PS and studied their epitope, avidity, in vitro opsonizing capacity, in vivo protective capacity, and "antigen binding titer" by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of 6A and 6B capsular PSs. Six MAbs bound to the non-cross-reactive 6B-specific epitope, and seven MAbs bound to the cross-reactive epitope present in both 6A and 6B PSs One MAb (Hyp6BM6) revealed a novel epitope. This epitope was found on 6A PS in solution, but not on 6A PS adsorbed onto the plastic surface of the ELISA plates. The avidity of the MAb for 6A or 6B PS ranged from 7.8 x 10(6) M(-1) to 4.1 x 10(11) M(-1). No MAbs were weakly cross-reactive, since none of the cross-reactive MAbs showed any tendency toward having less avidity to 6A PS (the cross-reactive PS) than to 6B PS. Avidity influenced the results of several antibody assays. When all of the hybridomas were examined, avidity strongly correlated with the titer of a unit amount of MAb to bind antigen-coated ELISA plates (r = 0.91) or to opsonize pneumococci in vitro (r = -0.85). Because both assay results are avidity dependent, the ELISA and the opsonization assay results were strongly correlated (r = 0.91), regardless of avidity. Avidity also correlated with the potency of a MAb to passively protect mice against pneumococcal infections. When only the immunoglobulin G hybridomas were examined, little increase in opsonizing capacity and in vivo protective potency was observed above 10(9) M(-1). Taken together, an ELISA measuring antigen binding titer may be an adequate measure of the protective immunity induced with pneumococcal vaccines, and the absence of a partially cross-reactive MAb suggests that antigenic sin may not be significant in responses to vaccines against the S. pneumoniae 6B serotype.
Passage to India: The Search for Genes Causing Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss (1998)

Hereditary hearing impairment affects approximately 0.05% of all children born in the United States. It is most commonly autosomal recessive, nonsyndromic, and monogenic [autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL)]. Although the number of disease loci is not known, some estimates exceed 100. Using a strategy of homozygosity mapping to localize ARNSHL genes by screening consanguineous families for chromosomal regions that are homozygous by descent, we have mapped several genes in multiplex, nuclear, consanguineous families in Tamil Nadu, India. From the mean frequency of the ARNSHL genes in this population, the total number of disease genes is estimated to be 57.
Sublimation of ionic crystals in the presence of an electrical field (1979)

A direct observation of the influence of an externally applied electrostatic field on the sublimation steps on (100) surfaces of KCl is reported. Typically, round-cornered square spirals were found to be distorted into round-cornered rhombical spirals in the presence of a field. The results are interpreted in terms of charged kinks on the surface.
A classification of the tobamoviruses based on comparisons among their 126K proteins (1990)

The products of partial proteolysis of the Mr 126,000 in vitro translation products of the RNA of eight tobamoviruses were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peptide patterns obtained were compared using a computer program designed to establish phylogenetic relationships. The resulting most-parsimonious phylogenetic trees grouped the tobamoviruses into clusters I (tobacco mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus, tobacco mild green mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus) and II (sunn-hemp mosaic virus, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, kyuri green mottle mosaic virus), with ribgrass mosaic virus in an intermediate position. This clustering resembles that obtained when the coat proteins of these viruses are compared. If the tobamoviruses have arisen by divergence from an ancestral type, the results suggest that different parts of the genome have diverged similarly and that recombination has not played a major role in the evolution of the group.
Maintaining credible dialogs in a VideoBot system with special audio techniques (2002)

An approach to using actual audio and video clips of real humans to construct artificial, conversational agents and bots is presented. This approach differs from other schemes focusing on believable, emotional, intelligent agents and bots in that it begins with real human subjects but constructs artificial behaviors and interactions with human users as opposed to beginning with artificial characters and trying to construct real interactions. The approach presents several production challenges during the filming, postproduction, and scripting phases of bot creation that make it difficult for human users to sustain suspension of disbelief during interaction with the bot. Various approaches to solving these problems are presented and described.
Pharmacology by Chemical Biology (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTPharmacology by Chemical BiologyJordan L. MeierJordan L. MeierNational Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 United StatesMore by Jordan L. Meierhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-7101 and Martin J. Schnermann*Martin J. SchnermannNational Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 United States*E-mail: [email protected]More by Martin J. Schnermannhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-0116Cite this: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2018, 15, 3, 703–704Publication Date (Web):March 5, 2018Publication History Published online5 March 2018Published inissue 5 March 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00067https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00067editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 U.S. Government. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1409Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (248 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical biology,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals,Pharmacology Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Four Local Invariant Characteristics Based on Palm Vein (2017)

Palm vein recognition is a new biometric identification technology. The horizontal rotation, translation, tilting and loss of local vein information of palm vein image greatly affect recognition rate. To solve the above problems, this paper respectively extract four kinds of local invariant feature, Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT), Affine-SIFT(ASIFT), Harris-Laplace and Maximally Stable Extremal Region(MSER), on palm vein images which occurred affine transformation. Then obtain the matching feature points by comparing the Euclidean distance. Through the comparison of the number of feature points and the matching feature points, ASIFT and Harris-Laplace algorithm have good resistance to affine transformation.
Asthma: Cells and Cytokines (1992)

The pathology of bronchial asthma demonstrates a multicellular process. In an attempt to elucidate the cellular biology of airways inflammation, it becomes important to understand not only the biology of each individual cell type but also the interaction between different cells. This review focuses on a documentation of some of the biological effects of the constituent cells in the airway mucosa and a discussion of their potential interactions through the release and action of different cytokines. It seems likely that future research will address the in vivo release of different cytokine molecules in the asthmatic process using techniques of molecular biology. There likely will be increasing information available about the regulation and the actions of these molecules on target cells and tissues. Elucidation of some of the complex interactions between different cells and the role of different cytokine molecules may provide a novel approach to the therapy of bronchial asthma.