gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Juvenile Dermatomyositis : A Case Report (2011)

Juvenile Dermatomyositis, most common pediatric inflammatory myopathies, distinguished by characteristic rash and proximal, symmetric muscle weakness. A 7yrs old girl admitted to Dept. of Pediatric, Chittagong Medical College Hospital with difficulty in stand up from sitting and lying position for 3 months, multiple erythematous papule in both upper limbs, face and extensor surface of the body for one and half months. On examination there is violaceous periorbital erythema (Heliotrope), raised papules overlying the metacarpal, interphalangeal, elbow and knee joints (Gottron’s papules). There are also erythmatous papules on both upper limbs. On laboratory examination, serum creatine kinase raised, musle biopsy showed feature of Dermatomyositis, Electromyogram reveal proximal myopathy. Based on clinical appearance, laboratory data, the diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis was made and treated accordingly. After initial treatment patient condition improved. She also adviced to avoid sun exposure.
JCMCTA 2011; 22(2): 47-49
Synthesis and acaricidal activity of 4‐pyrimidinyloxy‐ and 4‐pyrimidinylaminoethylphenyl dioxolanes and oxime ethers (2000)

Novel types of mitochondrial respiration inhibitors at complex I, with emphasis on acaricidal activity, have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these 4-pyrimidinylphenyl ethyl ethers and amines with a specific ketal or oxime function in the phenyl side chain is outlined. Bioassays demonstrate their high potential against important spider mites, like Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi. Structure–activity relationship studies and several biological parameters are discussed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of PM Using Multiple Site Data in a Heavily Industrialized Region of Turkey (2014)

Source apportionment has most often been applied to a time series of data collected at a single site. However, in a complex airshed where there are multiple sources, it may be helpful to collect samples from multiple sites to ensure that some of them have low contributions from specific sources such that edges can be properly defined. In this study, samples were collected at multiple sites in the Aliaga region (38°40′–38°54′N and 26°50′–27°03′E) located in western Turkey on the coast of the Aegean Sea. This area contains a number of significant air pollution sources including five scrap iron-steel processing plants with electric arc furnaces (EAFs), several steel rolling mills, a petroleum refinery, a petrochemical complex, a natural gas-fired power plant, a fertilizer plant, ship breaking yards, coal storage and packaging, scrap storage and classification sites, large slag and scrap piles, heavy road traffic, very intense transportation activities including ferrous scrap trucks and busy ports used for product and raw material transportation. A total of 456 samples of PM10 at six sampling sites and 88 samples of PM2.5 at one site were collected for four seasons and the elemental composition was determined for 43 elements. The newest version of EPA PMF (V5.0) that has the capability of handling multiple site data was used for source apportionment. Eight factors were identified as iron-steel production from scrap (23.4%), re-suspended and road dust (23.3%), crustal (20.5%), marine aerosol (14.4%), biomass and wood combustion (7.2%), salvage activities (4.7%), coal combustion (3.7%) and residual oil combustion (2.8%). The pattern of source contributions and conditional probability function analysis were consistent with the locations of the known sources. Thus, the multiple site data allowed for a comprehensive identification of the primary sources of PM in this region.
Scientific Aspects and Clinical Signs of Muscle Pain—Three Years Later (2008)

Objectives: Muscle pain is a frequent concomitant symptom in a variety of neuromuscular disease and the most prominent findings in myofascial pain syndrome, as well as in fibromyalgia syndrome.Findings: Negligible awareness has been focused on pain characteristics in neuromuscular disorders. In the group of inflammatory myopathies, in dermatomyositis, the highest frequency of permanent muscle pain is complained in the shoulder girdle and thigh, and upper arms and legs. Pain quality is reported to be muscle-aching in the majority of patients, but additional different pain characteristics have been documented, including deep, gripping, dull, bright, sharp and superficial. Here small free nerve endings are connected to small blood vessels that show an upregulation of substance P and calcitonine gene related peptide as signs of an increased nociceptive input. Some forms of metabolic myopathies, especially glycogenolytic defects, are characterized by symptoms of stamina, painful contractures with exercise, cramps, and myoglobinuria. Pain expression in McArdle patients with chronic myalgia has frequently the features of functional muscle pain, or fibromyalgia syndrome. Depletion of high-energy phosphates like phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate during exercise may contribute to the pathogenesis. In degenerative myopathies, only a few disorders are investigated for pain pattern, but affected patients clearly present with muscle pain in myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, other rare degenerative myopathies, and the peculiar rippling muscle disease. Most prevalent but still underrecognized as cause of muscle pain is the myofascial pain syndrome.Conclusion: The pathogenetic background of many type of muscle pain is still uncertain. Free nerve endings, substance P and adenosine triphosphate and tissue acidosis seem to be the player in muscle pain.
Optimisation of Nickel Aluminising by CVD (2012)

Results Concerning Nickel Aluminisation with Application of Chemical Vapour Deposition Method Are Presented. Two-Step Processing under Investigation Consists of Al Chloride Formation in the Primary Vessel and Al Deposition in the Secondary One. the Initial Gas Stream Is Composed of Hcl Dissolved in H 2 at Various Ratios. it Was Shown that the Choice of the [HCl]/[H 2 ] Ratio and the Determination of the Optimum Temperature to Produce Most Preferential β-Nial Phase May Be Done with the Use of Thermodynamic Calculations. the Results Obtained with Application of Factsage Program Confirm Essential Influence of both Initial [HCl]/[H 2 ] Ratio (in the Range between 0,05 and 100) and the Temperature in the Second Vessel (1123 K – 1323 K) on Aluminium Chloride Partial Pressures and Hence Aluminium Content in its Gaseous Donors and at the Substrate Surface (boundary Condition for Interdiffusion in Ni-Al System). it Was Confirmed that β-Nial Growth Is Favoured at Low [HCl]/[H 2 ] Ratios and High Temperatures for which Alcl and AlCl 2 Partial Pressures Increase with Respect to that of AlCl 3 . the Thermodynamic Predictions Remain in Agreement with CVD Experiments. the Presented Thermodynamic Data May Be Used as a Source of Essential Information for Designing Further Experiments in this Field as Well as for Modelling of Solid-State Diffusion in Ni-Al System.
Effect of a Selected Lactobacillus spp.–Based Probiotic on Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis–Infected Broiler Chicks (2008)

The effect of a Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic (FM-B11) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) recovery was evaluated in liquid (Expt. 1) and lyophilized (Expt. 2) forms in two separate experiments with two trials each. For each trial, 80 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two treatments: control and probiotic culture. All chicks were challenged with SE (approximately 10(4) colony-forming units [cfu]) upon arrival at our laboratory. In both experiments, probiotic culture was administered in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days at a final concentration of approximately 10(6) cfu/ml, beginning 1 hr after SE challenge. Cecal tonsils were aseptically removed at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge, followed by enrichment and plating on xylose lactose deoxycholate (XLD) agar for the presence or absence of Salmonella-typical colonies. In Expt. 1, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in SE-positive samples was observed in both trials at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge. Additionally, in Expt. 2, the lyophilized probiotic decreased (P < 0.05) SE recovery at both 24 and 72 hr postchallenge compared with the control group in trial 1. In trial 2, SE evaluation was performed only at 72 hr after challenge and fewer (P < 0.001) treated samples were positive for SE. Results showed that application of either liquid or lyophilized probiotic culture in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days can help to reduce SE recovery from young birds, although further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of this response.
Secretion of oligomeric Val8-human calcitonin bySaccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

Monomeric human calcitonin (hCT) gene and oligomeric hCT genes composed of two, three or four head-to-tail linked monomers were fused in-frame to the yeast alpha-factor leader coding sequence wild-type and fragile mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were transformed with the constructed plasmids and the yield of recombinant protein secreted into the culture medium was measured. The yeast cells secreted equal (molar) amounts of all of the hCT variants. The recombinant proteins remained stable in the growth medium for at least 3 days. The fragile cells secreted about 30% more hCT as compared to the wild-type yeast cells.
Controlling the structure and photophysics of fluorophore dimers using multiple cucurbit[8]uril clampings (2019)

A modular strategy has been employed to develop a new class of fluorescent molecules, which generates discrete, dimeric stacked fluorophores upon complexation with multiple cucurbit[8]uril macrocycles. The multiple constraints result in a "static" complex (remaining as a single entity for more than 30 ms) and facilitate fluorophore coupling in the ground state, showing a significant bathochromic shift in absorption and emission. This modular design is surprisingly applicable and flexible and has been validated through an investigation of nine different fluorophore cores ranging in size, shape, and geometric variation of their clamping modules. All fluorescent dimers evaluated can be photo-excited to atypical excimer-like states with elongated excited lifetimes (up to 37 ns) and substantially high quantum yields (up to 1). This strategy offers a straightforward preparation of discrete fluorophore dimers, providing promising model systems with explicitly stable dimeric structures and tunable photophysical features, which can be utilized to study various intermolecular processes.
Perspective on Industrial Application of Specialized Metabolites in the Genomic Era (2015)

植物は有機化合物の宝庫であり，人類は経験的にそれらの効能に基づいて食品（色素，香辛料，甘味料）や薬として利用してきた。今日では科学技術の進展により化合物の構造，生合成経路，および生理活性（機能性）の理解が進んでいる。植物由来の有用物質の多くは二次代謝物または特化代謝物（Secondary metabolitesまたはSpecialized metabolites）と称され，具体的にはタバコのニコチン，コーヒーのカフェイン，チャのカテキン，ゴマのセサミン，ウコンのクルクミンなど私たちの生活に関係が深いものが多い。これまで人類は様々な手法で植物を改良してきたが，新しい技術開発に伴って交配育種から，形質転換に寄る機能改変，ゲノム情報に基づくゲノミックセレクションへと大きく変容してきている。ここでは次世代シークエンサーによるゲノム時代の有用遺伝子の探索事例を紹介すると共に，先駆的な代謝工学による酵母に寄る植物二次代謝物の生産事例を紹介する。
Large-Area Milky Transparent Conducting Al-Doped ZnO Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering (1992)

Large-area milky transparent conducting Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films with a wedgelike textured surface have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. Total transmittances of 84 and 77% and haze ratios of 10 and 53% at a wavelength of 550 nm were obtained in 1.2-µm- and 3-µm-thick milky AZO films, respectively: films were prepared at a substrate temperature of 350°C and a sputter argon gas pressure of 12 Pa. A resistivity of 5.5×10 -4 Ω·cm and a sheet resistance of 1.8 Ω/sq were obtained in a large-area 3-µm-thick AZO film postannealed at 300°C for 30 min in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Plasma etching and plasma polymerization coating of carbon fibers. Part 1. Interfacial adhesion study (2002)

Abstract Unsized AS-4 carbon fibers were etched by RF plasma and then coated via plasma polymerization in order to enhance their adhesion to vinyl ester resin. Gases utilized for plasma etching were Ar, N2 and O2, while monomers used in plasma polymerization coating were acetylene, butadiene and acrylonitrile. Plasma etchings were carried out as a function of plasma power (30–70 W), treatment time (1–10 min) and gas pressure (20–40 mtorr). Plasma polymerizations were performed by varying the treatment time (15–60 s), plasma power (10–30 W) and gas pressure (20-40 mtorr). The conditions for plasma etching and plasma polymerization were optimized by measuring interfacial adhesion with vinyl ester resin via micro-droplet tests. Plasma etched and plasma polymer coated carbon fibers were characterized by SEM, XPS, FT-IR and α-Step, dynamic contact angle analyzer (DCA) and tensile strength measurements. In Part 1, interfacial adhesion of plasma etched and plasma polymer coated carbon fibers to vinyl ester resin is reported, while characterization results including tensile strength of carbon fibers are reported in Part 2. Among the treatment conditions, a combination of Ar plasma etching and acetylene plasma polymer coating provided greatly improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 69 MPa, compared to 43 MPa obtained from as-received carbon fiber. Based on the SEM analysis of failure surfaces and load-displacement curves, the failure was found to occur at the interface between plasma polymer coating and vinyl ester resin. Keywords: carbon fiberinterfacial shear strengthvinyl ester resinplasma etchingplasma polymerization
Determinants of the Peptide-induced Conformational Change in the Human Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Protein HLA-DR1 (2000)

The human class II major histocompatibility complex protein HLA-DR1 has been shown previously to undergo a distinct conformational change from an open to a compact form upon binding peptide. To investigate the role of peptide in triggering the conformational change, the minimal requirements for inducing the compact conformation were determined. Peptides as short as two and four residues, which occupy only a small fraction of the peptide-binding cleft, were able to induce the conformational change. A mutant HLA-DR1 protein with a substitution in the beta subunit designed to fill the P1 pocket from within the protein (Gly(86) to Tyr) adopted to a large extent the compact, peptide-bound conformation. Interactions important in stabilizing the compact conformation are shown to be distinct from those responsible for high affinity binding or for stabilization of the complex against thermal denaturation. The results suggest that occupancy of the P1 pocket is responsible for partial conversion to the compact form but that both side chain and main chain interactions contribute to the full conformational change. The implications of the conformational change to intracellular antigen loading and presentation are discussed.
A Study of Nerve Regeneration Across Synthetic (Maxon) and Biologic (Collagen) Nerve Conduits For Nerve Gaps Up to 5 Cm in the Primate (1990)

In a primate model, nerve regeneration was evaluated across 2- and 5-cm nerve gaps using a synthetic nerve conduit (glycolide trimethylene carbonate, Maxon) and a biologic conduit (collagen). Two types of conduits from glycolide trimethylene carbonate (Maxon) were evaluated. The first was fashioned into a tube from a single flat piece of Maxon mesh. The second was prefabricated in a crimped form. The other material evaluated was a biologic collagen tube. At 14 months, excellent regeneration was noted across the 2-cm nerve gap through both the collagen and Maxon conduits. At 5 cm, the regeneration, as determined by morphometric analysis, was significantly better across the Maxon prefabricated, crimped conduit, although regeneration at this longer gap in all experimental groups was significantly less than across the shorter nerve gap. At the longer gap, there was no statistical difference between the groups by electrophysiologic assessment.
Clinical Applications of Long-Wavelength (1,000-nm) Optical Coherence Tomography (2011)

Commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) instruments generally use light sources in the range of 800 to 860 nm. Although imaging with these light sources provides excellent visualization of the retinal architecture, details of structures and abnormalities below the retinal pigment epithelium are often limited. At the same time, the optimal light source wavelength for clinical OCT imaging is unknown. OCT imaging using longer wavelength light (1,050 nm) has several potential advantages, including less scattering with media opacity and deeper penetration. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of long wavelength OCT imaging and explores potential clinical applications.
Phencyclidine in low doses selectively blocks a presynaptic voltage-regulated potassium channel in rat brain. (1986)

Phencylidine (PCP) is a major drug of abuse in the United States. It produces a toxic confusional psychosis in man. We show here that nanomolar to micromolar concentrations of PCP and behaviorally active congeners selectively block voltage-regulated noninactivating (or very slowly inactivating) presynaptic K channels in the brain. The rank order of potency for blockage of these K channels parallels both the relative ability of these agents to produce characteristic behavioral deficits in rats and their ability to displace [3H]PCP from its high-affinity binding sites in brain. In view of the enhanced voltage-gated Ca influx that would be expected to accompany blockage of presynaptic K channels, this mechanism could explain the excessive neurotransmitter release that is characteristic of PCP intoxication.
Retinoid‐Mediated Suppression of Tumor Invasion and Matrix Metalloproteinase Synthesis (1999)

Cancer mortality usually results from the tumor invading the local environment and metastasizing to vital organs, e.g. liver, lung, and brain. Degradation of the extracellular matrix is, therefore, the sine qua non of tumor cell invasion. this degradation is mediated mainly by MMPs, and thus, inhibition of MMP synthesis is a target for anticancer agents. Tumor cells must traverse both the basement membrane (type IV collagen) and the interstitial stroma (type I collagen). Therefore, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the invasive behavior of several aggressive tumor cell lines, A2058 melanoma cells, and SCC and FaDu squamous cell carcinomas through these matrices; and we monitored the ability of all-trans retinoic acid and several RAR-specific ligands to block invasion. We demonstrate that several retinoids, which are specific RAR alpha, beta, or gamma agonists/antagonists, selectively inhibited MMP synthesis in the three tumor cell lines. However, there was not a common pattern of MMP inhibition by a particular retinoid. For instance, a RAR alpha antagonist suppressed MMP-1 and MMP-2 synthesis in the melanoma cell line, but not in the FaDu or SCC-25 cells. On the other hand, synthesis of MMP-1 and MMP-9 by the FaDu cells was affected hardly at all, while a RAR gamma antagonist reduced the levels of MMP-2. Only all-trans retinoic acid reduced MMP-1 synthesis in these cells. We postulate that the differences may be related to a differential pattern of RAR expression in each of these cells, and that the RARs expressed by each cell line may not be targets of these RAR specific compounds. All-trans retinoic acid is a pan ligand, binding to all three RARs and, therefore, may modulate gene expression more generally. We conclude that the power of these new ligands lies in their specificity, which can be directed towards modulating expression of certain RARs and, thus, of certain MMPs. By blocking MMP synthesis, retinoids may be effective in cancer therapy by decreasing tumor invasiveness.
Improvement in cerebral blood flow and metabolism following subarachnoid hemorrhage in response to prophylactic administration of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, AVS, (±)-N,N′-propylenedinicotinamide: a positron emission tomography study in rats (2000)

Prophylactic administration of AVS improves CBF and CGU in the rat brain subjected to SAH, and can be a good pharmacological treatment for the prevention of DINDs following SAH.
Quality Assessment of Whole Genome Mapping Data in the Refined Familial Spastic Paraplegia Interval on Chromosome 14q (1998)

Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia (AD-FSP) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. Three loci on chromosome 14q (SPG3), 2p (SPG4), and 15q (SPG6) were shown to be responsible for AD-FSP. Analysis of recombination events in three SPG3-linked families allowed us to narrow the critical interval from 9 to 5 cM. An approximately 5-Mb YAC contig comprising 32 clones and 90 STSs was built from D14S301 to D14S991, encompassing this region of 14q21. Fifty-six ESTs assigned previously to this region with radiation hybrid (RH) panels Genebridge 4 and G3 were precisely localized on the YAC contig. The 90 STSs positioned on the contig were tested on the TNG RH panel to compare our YAC-based map with an RH map at a high level of resolution. Comparison between our map and the whole genome mapping data on this interval of chromosome 14q is discussed.
A Randomized, Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a New Eyedrop Formulation for Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Syndrome (2016)

Hyaluronic acid-trehalose is effective and safe, with better patient satisfaction, than existing HA-only eyedrops particularly from the first month of treatment, and offers a therapeutic advancement in the treatment of moderate to severe DED.
Optimisation of solar energy collection with smart adaptive control (2013)

Solar power plants collect available thermal energy in a usable form at the desired temperature range. Efficient operation requires a fast start-up and reliable operation in varying cloudy conditions without unnecessary shutdowns and start-ups. Fast and well damped linguistic equation (LE) controllers have been tested in Spain at a collector field, which uses parabolic-trough collectors to supply thermal energy in form of hot oil to an electricity generation system or a multi-effect desalination plant. Control is achieved by means of varying the flow pumped through the pipes in the field during the operation. Solar energy can be collected only when the irradiation is high enough. The nights and the heavy cloud periods need to come up with the storage. The LE controllers extend the operation to varying cloudy conditions in a smart way. Varying energy demand during the daytime can be smoothly handled in the LE control system with predefined model-based adaptation techniques. The system activates special features when needed. The intelligent state indicators react well to the changing operating conditions and can be used in smart working point control to further improve the operation in connection with the other energy sources in SmartGrids. The working point can be chosen in a way which improves the efficiency of the energy collection. A trade-off of the temperature and the flow is needed to achieve a good level for the collected power.