gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Causing Vulvovaginitis and Epidemiology of Recurrent Cases (2005)

There are limited data regarding the antifungal susceptibility of yeast causing vulvovaginal candidiasis, since cultures are rarely performed. Susceptibility testing was performed on vaginal yeast isolates collected from January 1998 to March 2001 from 429 patients with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis. The charts of 84 patients with multiple positive cultures were reviewed. The 593 yeast isolates were Candida albicans (n = 420), Candida glabrata (n = 112), Candida parapsilosis (n = 30), Candida krusei (n = 12), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( n = 9), Candida tropicalis (n = 8), Candida lusitaniae (n = 1), and Trichosporon sp. (n = 1). Multiple species suggesting mixed infection were isolated from 27 cultures. Resistance to fluconazole and flucytosine was observed infrequently (3.7% and 3.0%); 16.2% of isolates were resistant to itraconazole (MIC > or = 1 microg/ml). The four imidazoles (econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole) were active: 94.3 to 98.5% were susceptible at < or =1 microg/ml. Among different species, elevated fluconazole MICs (> or = 16 microg/ml) were only observed in C. glabrata (15.2% resistant [R], 51.8% susceptible-dose dependent [S-DD]), C. parapsilosis (3.3% S-DD), S. cerevisiae (11.1% S-DD), and C. krusei (50% S-DD, 41.7% R, considered intrinsically fluconazole resistant). Resistance to itraconazole was observed among C. glabrata (74.1%), C. krusei (58.3%), S. cerevisiae (55.6%), and C. parapsilosis (3.4%). Among 84 patients with recurrent episodes, non-albicans species were more common (42% versus 20%). A > or = 4-fold rise in fluconazole MIC was observed in only one patient with C. parapsilosis. These results support the use of azoles for empirical therapy of uncomplicated candidal vulvovaginitis. Recurrent episodes are more often caused by non-albicans species, for which azole agents are less likely to be effective.
Stability of an extemporaneously compounded clonidine hydrochloride oral liquid (1992)

The stability of clonidine hydrochloride in an extemporaneous oral liquid formulation refrigerated for 28 days was studied. A suspension was prepared by grinding commercially available 0.2-mg clonidine hydrochloride tablets, adding Purified Water, USP, to form a paste, and then adding Simple Syrup, NF. A control solution was prepared from analytical grade clonidine hydrochloride powder in Simple Syrup, NF. The final concentration of clonidine hydrochloride in both formulations was 0.1 mg/mL. Three samples of each preparation were stored in 2-ounce amber glass prescription bottles in the dark at 4 °C. Immediately after preparation and at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, samples were visually inspected, tested for pH, and assayed in duplicate by high-performance liquid chromatography. On day 28, the mean percentages of the initial clonidine hydrochloride concentrations remaining were 92.4% in the suspension and 93.7% in the solution. The color, odor, and pH of the samples did not change appreciably over the study period. An extemporaneously compounded oral liquid preparation of clonidine hydrochloride in Simple Syrup, NF, is stable under the conditions studied for up to 28 days.
Fiber optic cable thermal preparation to ensure stable operation (2008)

Fiber optic cables are widely used in modern systems that must provide stable operation during exposure to changing environmental conditions. For example, a fiber optic cable on a satellite may have to reliably function over a temperature range of -50°C up to 125°C. While the system requirements for a particular application will dictate the exact method by which the fibers should be prepared, this work will examine multiple ruggedized fibers prepared in different fashions and subjected to thermal qualification testing. The data show that if properly conditioned the fiber cables can provide stable operation, but if done incorrectly, they will have large fluctuations in transmission.
Molecular and Morphologic Correlates of the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres Phenotype in High‐Grade Astrocytomas (2012)

Recent studies suggest that the telomere maintenance mechanism known as alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is relatively more common in specific glioma subsets and strongly associated with ATRX mutations. We retrospectively examined 116 high-grade astrocytomas (32 pediatric glioblastomas, 65 adult glioblastomas, 19 anaplastic astrocytomas) with known ALT status using tissue microarrays to identify associations with molecular and phenotypic features. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against ATRX, DAXX, p53 and IDH1(R132H) mutant protein. EGFR amplification was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Almost half of fibrillary and gemistocytic astrocytomas (44%) demonstrated ALT. Conversely all gliosarcomas (n = 4), epithelioid (n = 2), giant cell (n = 2) and adult small cell astrocytomas (n = 7) were ALT negative. The ALT phenotype was positively correlated with the presence of round cells (P = 0.002), microcysts (P < 0.0002), IDH1 mutant protein (P < 0.0001), ATRX protein loss (P < 0.0001), strong P53 immunostaining (P < 0.0001) and absence of EGFR amplification (P = 0.004). There was no significant correlation with DAXX expression. We conclude that ALT represents a specific phenotype in high-grade astrocytomas with distinctive pathologic and molecular features. Future studies are required to clarify the clinical and biological significance of ALT in high-grade astrocytomas.
A novel orthotopic tumor model to study growth factors and oncogenes in hepatocarcinogenesis. (2003)

An orthotopic xenograft tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma was created by injection of Hep 3B cells directly into the liver parenchyma of nude mice. Tumors were localized primarily in the injected lobe of the liver, beginning from the third week after tumor cell implantation. Thereafter, tumors grew rapidly, and animals usually died from hepatocellular carcinoma within 2 months. Insulin-like growth factor II, an embryonic growth factor and mitogen, is overexpressed in these tumors at both mRNA and protein levels. Oncogenes, such as c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun, are also up-regulated in this model. alpha-Fetal protein can be detected shortly after implantation and correlates with tumor growth, and measurement of serum alpha-fetal protein serves as an early biomarker to monitor the effect of antitumor therapy. Using this model, we have shown that inhibition of insulin-like growth factor II expression by a short methylated oligonucleotide prolongs survival. This in situ tumor model thus provides a fast, reliable, and reproducible means to study the therapeutic effect of inhibitors of growth factors and oncogenes in liver cancer.
Transmission of Malignant Tumors Through Solid Organ Transplantation (1998)

A variety of tumors can occur with increased frequency in transplant recipients. This is related to the immunosuppressed status of transplant patients, which results in de novo malignancies. The possibility of inadvertent transmission of a maliganancy with the allograft is small, but nor negligible. The authors present a case of a 71-years-old patient who died 15 months after a renal transplant, with disseminated metastases of malignant melanoma. The human leukoyteantigenie profiles of the tumor, the kidney transplant, and the recipient's show an increased incidence of malignant melanoma and increased reactivationof dormant foci from pre-existing tumors Malignant melanoma is the most common tumor inadvertently transmitted through transplantation. Molecular analysis of tumor, allograft, and recipient tissues is the only reliable method for a definitive diagnosis of tumor origin.
Understanding Distributed Cognition in Moderated Chat Rooms: A Preliminary Analysis (2003)

This study evaluates higher order perception, cognition, and individual-cultural differences under which moderated chat rooms may provide an effective alternative for students reviewing business information system course material in preparation for examination. Chat rooms comprise a form of groupware that can facilitate distributed cognition among higher education participants in the form of information-sharing. This study continues previous research (McNeese, et. al., 2002) that indicated problem solving and constructivist learning are socially constructed, situated in practice and context specific. The premise of this paper is that with proper design a cognitive task, such as students reviewing for exams, can be effectively supported even within the possible constraints of simple chat rooms. A potential benefit to students, based on previous research, is that groupware such as chat rooms can provide a constructivist learning environment and an equality of participation in group discussions (Benbasat and Lim 1993). Initial results indicate the possibility to create social constructs whereby students with limited individual problem solving capabilities can be trained in a naturalistic setting to successfully acquire and transfer knowledge.
Methionine restriction decreases mitochondrial oxygen radical generation and leak as well as oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and proteins (2006)

Previous studies have consistently shown that caloric restriction (CR) decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mitROS) generation and oxidative damage to mtDNA and mitochondrial proteins, and increases maximum longevity, although the mechanisms responsible for this are unknown. We recently found that protein restriction (PR) also produces these changes independent of energy restriction. Various facts link methionine to aging, and methionine restriction (MetR) without energy restriction increases, like CR, maximum longevity. We have thus hypothesized that MetR is responsible for the decrease in mitROS generation and oxidative stress in PR and CR. In this investigation we subjected male rats to exactly the same dietary protocol of MetR that is known to increase their longevity. We have found, for the first time, that MetR profoundly decreases mitROS production, decreases oxidative damage to mtDNA, lowers membrane unsaturation, and decreases all five markers of protein oxidation measured in rat heart and liver mitochondria. The concentration of complexes I and IV also decreases in MetR. The decrease in mitROS generation occurs in complexes I and III in liver and in complex I in heart mitochondria, and is due to an increase in efficiency of the respiratory chain in avoiding electron leak to oxygen. These changes are strikingly similar to those observed in CR and PR, suggesting that the decrease in methionine ingestion is responsible for the decrease in mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative stress, and possibly part of the decrease in aging rate, occurring during caloric restriction.
Power saving model for mobile device and virtual base station in the 5G era (2017)

It is a critical requirement of the future 5G communication networks to provide high speed and significantly reduce the network energy consumption. Energy efficient networks along with an energy saving strategy in mobile devices play a vital role in the mobile revolution. The new strategies should not only focus on wireless base stations, which consumes most of the power, but also considers the other power consumption elements for future mobile communication networks, including User Equipment (UE). In this paper, we have proposed a method that calculates the power consumption of a 5G network by considering its main elements based on current vision of 5G network infrastructure. Our proposed model uses the component based methodology that simplifies the process by taking into account the different high power consuming elements. The proposed method is evaluated by considering the three UE's DRX models and Virtual Base Station (VBS) with respect to different DRX timer in terms of Power Saving (PS) and delay as performance parameters.
Microbial Fuel Cells: Recent Advances, Bacterial Communities and Application Beyond Electricity Generation (2008)

The increasing demand for energy in the near future has created strong motivation for environmentally clean alternative energy resources. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have opened up new ways of utilizing renewable energy sources. MFCs are devices that convert the chemical energy in the organic compounds to electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions, and the reduction of a terminal electron acceptor, most preferentially oxygen, at the cathode. Due to the rapid advances in MFC-based technology over the last decade, the currently achievable MFC power production has increased by several orders of magnitude, and niche applications have been extended into a variety of areas. Newly emerging concepts with alternative materials for electrodes and catalysts as well as innovative designs have made MFCs promising technologies. Aerobic bacteria can also be used as cathode catalysts. This is an encouraging finding because not only biofouling on the cathode is unavoidable in the prolonged-run MFCs but also noble catalysts can be substituted with aerobic bacteria. This article discusses some of the recent advances in MFCs with an emphasis on the performance, materials, microbial community structures and applications beyond electricity generation.
Automatic data partitioning in software transactional memories (2008)

We investigate to which extent data partitioning can help improve the performance of software transactional memory (STM). Our main idea is that the access patterns of the various data structures of an application might be sufficiently different so that it would be beneficial to tune the behavior of the STM for individual data partitions. We evaluate our approach using standard transactional memory benchmarks. We show that these applications contain partitions with different characteristics and, despite the runtime overhead introduced by partition tracking and dynamic tuning, that partitioning provides significant performance improvements.
Automated measurements of morphological, hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters in capillary networks and their use in computational models (2003)

The authors have developed a measurement and analysis system to study red blood cell (RBC) dynamics and oxygenation in capillary networks. The system is based on object-oriented principles and it is designed to mimic the structure and hierarchy present in the microcirculation. The system enables analysis of capillaries to study geometry, RBC flow, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO/sub 2/). The authors have also developed a very general computer code that can incorporate any realistic microvascular geometry, including capillary anastomoses and tortuosity. The computational model also includes network hemodynamics based on the latest findings for microvascular resistance. The model is capable of taking the geometric and hemodynamic data directly from the newly developed video-based experimental technique.
A Novel Protective locus significantly reduces the ApoEε4 risk for Alzheimer’s Disease in individuals of African Ancestry. (2022)

Abstract Background African ancestry populations have a lower risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD) from ApoE ε4 compared to other populations. Understanding this mechanism of protection could lead new therapeutic insights for AD. Our goal is to identify areas of the genome that interact with ApoE ε4 in African ancestry that result in the lowered risk for developing AD in this population. Methods We performed association analyses using a logistic regression model with ApoE ε4 allele as an interaction term and adjusted for genome‐wide ancestry, age, and sex. Discovery analysis included imputed SNP data from 1,850 African American (AA) individuals with AD and 4,331 AA controls. We performed replication analysis on whole‐genome sequenced (WGS) data from 1) 63 Ibadan (Nigerian) AD individuals and 648 Ibadan controls; 2) WGS 273 Puerto Rican (PR) AD individuals and 275 PR controls; and 3) SNPs imputed from 8,463 non‐Hispanic White (NHW) AD individuals and 11,365 NHW controls. Results We identified a significant interaction with the ApoE ε4 allele and the SNP rs10423769_A allele, that reduces the odds ratio for AD risk from 7.2 for ApoE ε4/ε4 without the A allele to 2.1 for allele ApoE ε4/ε4 carriers with at least one A allele. rs10423769 (frequency = 0.11 in AA, NHW= 0.003) is located approximately 2 megabases distal to ApoE , in a large cluster of pregnancy specific beta‐1 glycoproteins on chromosome 19 and lies within a long noncoding RNA, ENSG00000282943. rs10423769 is reported to be a splicing QTL (sQTL) for TMEM145, whose highest brain expression is in the cerebellum. This interaction analysis was identified in the discovery AA dataset (β=‐0.54, SE=0.12,p‐value=7.50x10 ‐6 ), and this finding was replicated in both the Ibadan (β = ‐1.32,SE = 0.52,p‐value = 1.15x10 ‐2 ) and PR (β=‐1.27,SE=0.64,p‐value=4.91x10 ‐2 ) datasets while it trended but was not significant in the NHW dataset. Conclusion This study identified a new African‐ancestry specific locus that reduces the risk effect of ApoEε4 for developing AD by approximately 75%. The genes lying near this protective locus suggest potential new protective mechanisms for AD development.
Zur Synthese 3‐substituierter 4‐Hydroxy‐pyrone‐(2), I. Ringschlüsse mit Malonsäure‐dichloriden (1958)

Abstract Monosubstituierte Malonsäure‐dichloride reagieren mit Acetessigester in etwa 60‐proz. Ausbeute zu 3‐substituierten 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐pyron‐(2)‐carbonsäure‐(5)‐äthylestern, die leicht zu den Carbonsäuren verseift und zu 3‐substituierten 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐pyronen‐(2) decarboxyliert werden können.
Interleukin-1beta level in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with active periodontitis. (2000)

Previous studies revealed that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was detectable in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontitis, and the level was increased in level in gingival tissue extracts of active periodontal disease sites (defined as attachment loss > or = 2.5 mm over the preceding 2 months) compared to inactive sites or healthy sites. The present study evaluated the relationship of IL-1beta level in GCF and periodontal disease status. GCF was collected with Periopaper strips from 34 disease-active and 45 disease-inactive teeth in 11 untreated periodontitis patients and from 60 teeth in 15 healthy control subjects. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of > or = 2.5 mm in at least one site of a tooth as determined by sequential probing. The absorbed GCF volume was determined using a Periotron 6000 and the crevicular IL-1beta level was determined using IL-1beta monoclonal antibody (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Japan). IL-1beta was below the detection level of the assay (6 pg/ml) in the healthy control group but was detected in most teeth of the periodontitis group. However, disease-active teeth had higher IL-1beta level (Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.05) than disease-inactive teeth (mean total IL-1beta of 5.89 +/- 7.88 pg/tooth and 1.72 +/- 2.28 pg/tooth; mean concentration of 1.6 +/- 2.5 ng/ml and 0.6 +/- 0.83 ng/ml, respectively). The level of IL-1beta showed no correlation with probing depth, but had significant correlation (p < 0.05) with the extent of attachment loss. This study suggests that the level of IL-1beta in GCF may have a predictive value for determining active and inactive periodontal status.
The synthesis of elegant hierarchical CdS via a facile hydrothermal method assisted by inorganic salt, with photocorrosion inhibition (2016)

We report an environmentally friendly hydrothermal method assisted by inorganic salt for controlling the shape of CdS nanostructure. First, we make aqueous solution of NaCl to fabricate CdS via a hydrothermal reaction at 160 °C, 12 h. Afterward, the outcomes of CdS change from nanosphere to hierarchically flower-like structure, with a higher concentration of NaCl solution. Further investigation reveals improved stability of flower-like CdS photocatalyst for water treatment.
Chroma Speller: Isotropic visual stimuli for truly gaze-independent spelling (2013)

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) can be used as communication devices for people affected by neurodegenerative diseases like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The progressive motor-control impairment caused by ALS motivates the development of BCI paradigms that do not rely on eye movement. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of the first truly gaze-independent visual BCI, called Chroma Speller. Stimuli consist of colors displayed widescreen, which make the focus of gaze irrelevant to the BCI-spelling. The speller was tested online with 9 healthy participants. Mean online symbol-selection accuracy of 88.4% and mean online spelling speed of 1.4 char/min were achieved, using 5 repetitions of the stimuli. These results demonstrate that the abstract association between colors and symbols does not compromise the usability of the speller, leading to performances competitive with the most recent gaze-independent spellers in literature.
Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Refrigerant Distribution in a Microchannel Manifold (2006)

The affects of microchannel protrusion, mass flux, quality and inlet distance on the distribution of two&#13;\nphase refrigerant R-134a was studied through a series of experiments conducted in two different horizontally&#13;\noriented microchannel manifolds. One manifold was constructed in such a manner that the cross sectional area was&#13;\nrectangular in nature, with dimensions of 12.7 x 18.5 mm. The second manifold was constructed using a transparent&#13;\nPVC tube in order to achieve a circular cross-section; the inner diameter of this manifold was 20.4 mm. Both&#13;\nmanifolds fed a linear array of 15 microchannels with hydraulic diameter of 1.54 mm. In the rectangular manifold,&#13;\nthree different uniform microchannel protrusion schemes were studied; the microchannels protruded one-quarter,&#13;\none-half, and three-quarters of the flow field depth. While in the circular manifold the same three uniform schemes&#13;\nwere studied, two staggered schemes were studied as well. In each manifold the expansion device was put at two&#13;\ndifferent lengths from the microchannel array. In the case of the rectangular manifold, these lengths were 50 mm&#13;\nand 250 mm, and in the case of the circular manifold 89 mm and 267 mm. Flow parameters were also varied in this&#13;\nstudy. The inlet quality of the refrigerant was varied from 0-0.35, and the mass flow rate from 15-35g/s. Liquid&#13;\nrefrigerant distribution was measured through the use of a series of a collection tanks, in which a time averaged&#13;\nmass flow rate could be obtained.
Design and implementation of a standardized framework to generate and evaluate patient-level prediction models using observational healthcare data (2018)

The proof-of-concept study illustrates the framework's ability to develop reproducible models that can be readily shared and offers the potential to perform extensive external validation of models, and improve their likelihood of clinical uptake. In future work the framework will be applied to perform an "all-by-all" prediction analysis to assess the observational data prediction domain across numerous target populations, outcomes and time, and risk settings.
A novel SLAM algorithm with Adaptive Kalman filter (2016)

Simultaneous localization and map building(SLAM) concerns with filtering problem, which builds the map of the environment without robot's certainty position, meanwhile localize itself based on the map. Traditional SLAM algorithm addresses the problem by the Extended Kalman Filter which usually induces divergence because of inaccurate models. This paper proposes a novel SLAM algorithm which could overcome the problem of model mismatch, and modify the accuracy of localization and mapping further more.