gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the energy response of the ATLAS calorimeter to charged pions from $$W^{\pm }\rightarrow \tau ^{\pm }(\rightarrow \pi ^{\pm }\nu _{\tau })\nu _{\tau }$$ events in Run 2 data (2022)

Abstract The energy response of the ATLAS calorimeter is measured for single charged pions with transverse momentum in the range $$10&lt;p_\text {T}&lt;300$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>300</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV. The measurement is performed using 139 $$\text {fb}^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> of LHC proton–proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV taken in Run 2 by the ATLAS detector. Charged pions originating from $$\tau $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -lepton decays are used to provide a sample of high- $$p_{\text {T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> isolated particles, where the composition is known, to test an energy regime that has not previously been probed by in situ single-particle measurements. The calorimeter response to single-pions is observed to be overestimated by $${\sim }2\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> across a large part of the $$p_{\text {T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> spectrum in the central region and underestimated by $${\sim }4\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the endcaps in the ATLAS simulation. The uncertainties in the measurements are $${\lesssim }1\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$15&lt;p_\text {T}&lt;185$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>185</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV in the central region. To investigate the source of the discrepancies, the width of the distribution of the ratio of calorimeter energy to track momentum, the energies per layer and response in the hadronic calorimeter are also compared between data and simulation.
High‐speed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of the common phosphorylated nucleosides (1989)

Abstract A high‐speed separation of the mono‐, di‐, and triphosphorylated common ribonucleosides has been explored using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). Retention behavior in terms of electroosmotic flow, peak capacity (t o /t mc ) and resolution can be manipulated by the choice of surfactant type and the concentration in the buffer phase. The relative effects of an anionic surfactant, SDS, and two cationic surfactants, DTAB and HTAB, were explored and optimized to produce an effective separation of the solutes.
Growth of Solid Solution Crystals (1985)

The major objective of this program is to determine the conditions under which single crystals of solid solutions can be grown from the melt in a Bridgman configuration with a high degree of chemical homogeneity. The central aim is to assess the role of gravity in the growth process and to explore the possible advantages for growth in the absence of gravity. The alloy system being investigated is the solid solution semiconductor with x-values appropriate for infrared detector applications in Hg sub (1-x) Cd sub x Te the 8 to 14 micro m wavelength region. Both melt and Te-solvent growth are being considered. The study consists of an extensive ground-based experimental and theoretical research effort followed by flight experimentation where appropriate. Experimental facilities have been established for the purification, casting, and crystal growth of the alloy system. Facilities have been also established for the metallurgical, compositional, electric and optical characterization of the alloys. Crystals are being grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method and are analyzed by various experimental techniques to evaluate the effects of growth conditions on the longitudinal and radial compositional variations and defect densities in the crystals.
Rosmarinic Acid Extract for Antioxidant, Antiallergic, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities, Isolated by Supramolecular Technique and Solvent Extraction from Perilla Leaves (2014)

Rosmarinic acid extract with potent biological activities was successfully isolated by supramolecular technique and solvent extraction from Perilla leaves. By the supramolecular complex which was formed from flavocommelin and Perilla leaf extract as initial materials, the supernatant containing rosmarinic acid was isolated. Rosmarinic acid extract (62.9 ± 4.5% purity) was partly purified by partitioning ethyl acetate and water. Rosmarinic acid extract exhibited high total phenolic content of 433.9 ± 58.6 μg/mg of gallic acid equivalent, effective DPPH radical scavenging activity (SC50 of 5.5 ± 0.2 μg/mL), antiallergic activity (IC50 of 52.9 ± 6.7 μg/mL), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Rosmarinic acid extract shows high potential for diabetes mellitus and allergy treatments by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and measuring β-hexosaminidase, related to life-style disease.
Autoreactive Preplasma Cells Break Tolerance in the Absence of Regulation by Dendritic Cells and Macrophages (2012)

The ability to induce Ab responses to pathogens while maintaining the quiescence of autoreactive cells is an important aspect of immune tolerance. During activation of TLR4, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MFs) repress autoantibody production through their secretion of IL-6 and soluble CD40L (sCD40L). These soluble mediators selectively repress B cells chronically exposed to Ag, but not naive cells, suggesting a means to maintain tolerance during TLR4 stimulation, yet allow immunity. In this study, we identify TNF-α as a third repressive factor, which together with IL-6 and CD40L account for nearly all the repression conferred by DCs and MFs. Similar to IL-6 and sCD40L, TNF-α did not alter B cell proliferation or survival. Instead, it reduced the number of Ab-secreting cells. To address whether the soluble mediators secreted by DCs and MFs functioned in vivo, we generated mice lacking IL-6, CD40L, and TNF-α. Compared to wild-type mice, these mice showed prolonged anti-nuclear Ab responses following TLR4 stimulation. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of autoreactive B cells into chimeric IL-6(-/-) × CD40L(-/-) × TNF-α(-/-) mice showed that preplasma cells secreted autoantibodies independent of germinal center formation or extrafollicular foci. These data indicate that in the absence of genetic predisposition to autoimmunity, loss of endogenous IL-6, CD40L, and TNF-α promotes autoantibody secretion during TLR4 stimulation.
Maternal Effect and Familial Aggregation in NIDDM: The CODIAB Study (1994)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is known to have a strong genetic basis, but the mode of inheritance is still unknown. Recent studies have suggested that maternal inheritance is important; this complicates the transmission pattern of NIDDM. In our study, the familial aggregation of diabetes and the maternal effect were investigated through three generations. The CODIAB Study recruited 536 NIDDM patients between 35 and 74 years of age from 10 diabetes centers in France. Familial aggregation was confirmed: among 218 NIDDM patients, 66% had at least one diabetic relative. Mothers were implicated 2 times more frequently than fathers (P < 0.001). This maternal effect was confirmed because more diabetic cases were noted among maternal than paternal aunts and uncles (P < 0.02). When we considered the next generation, women had more diabetic offspring than men (P < 0.01). Other factors susceptible to modify the familial aggregation were considered. The maternal effect was not significantly related to the patients' ages (P > 0.2). The genetic component was more important when the diagnosis was made earlier, but the maternal effect was homogeneous (P > 0.3). In conclusion, we found a familial aggregation of diabetes that suggests a strong genetic component with a mode of inheritance that may be influenced by a maternal environment.
Robust goal-mouth detection for virtual content insertion (2003)

In this paper, we describe a working system that detects and segments goal-mouth appearances of soccer video in real-time. Processing on sub-optimal quality images after MPEG-decoding, the system constrains the Hough Transform-based line-mark detection to only the dominant green regions. The vertical goal-posts and horizontal goal-bar are then isolated by color-based region (pole)-growing. We demonstrate its application for quick video browsing and virtual content insertion.
Pathological progress and prognosis of traumatic femur head necrosis after femoral neck fracture in children and adolescent: a retrospective case series of 64 patients (2020)

Abstract Background: The pathological progression and prognosis of traumatic femur head necrosis (TFHN) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) in children and adolescent is relatively unknown and has never been specifically characterized. As we speculated, the prognosis in such population would be poor and characterized as the high risk of femoral head collapse, hip deformity and degeneration in a short term. Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled 64 children and adolescent with TFHN who treated with observational treatment from 2000.1 to 2018.1. The primary outcomes, such as the progression of femoral head collapse, hip deformity (Stulberg classification) and hip degeneration (Tönnis grade), and their prognostic factors were analysed. Results: 42 males and 22 females with a mean age of 13 years (6-16 years), were included. A total of 28 hips (44%) showed unsatisfactory outcome and Twenty-five (39%) hips collapsed progressively during a mean follow-up of 48 months (24-203 months). Finally, 38 hips (59%) experienced hip deformity, 20 of them were class IV/V. 34 hips (53%) generally progressed to osteoarthritis, 14 of them were classified as grades II/III. The location of the lesion and the presence of lateral subluxation were found to be independently related to progression of femoral head collapse; however, the presence of lateral subluxation was the only independent risk factor of severe hip deformity and degeneration. Conclusion: TFHN in children and adolescent is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor prognosis characterized by a high risk of femoral head collapse progression. If the lateral subluxation emerged, collapsed cases showed increasingly tendency towards severe hip deformity and degeneration.
Bicoid cooperative DNA binding is critical for embryonic patterning in Drosophila (2005)

Cooperative interactions by DNA-binding proteins have been implicated in cell-fate decisions in a variety of organisms. To date, however, there are few examples in which the importance of such interactions has been explicitly tested in vivo. Here, we tested the importance of cooperative DNA binding by the Bicoid protein in establishing a pattern along the anterior-posterior axis of the early Drosophila embryo. We found that bicoid mutants specifically defective in cooperative DNA binding fail to direct proper development of the head and thorax, leading to embryonic lethality. The mutants did not faithfully stimulate transcription of downstream target genes such as hunchback (hb), giant, and Krüppel. Quantitative analysis of gene expression in vivo indicated that bcd cooperativity mutants were unable to accurately direct the extent to which hb is expressed along the anterior-posterior axis and displayed a reduced ability to generate sharp on/off transitions for hb gene expression. These failures in precise transcriptional control demonstrate the importance of cooperative DNA binding for embryonic patterning in vivo.
NanoMOFs with Encapsulated Photosensitizer: Accumulation in Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusions and Antimicrobial Effects (2023)

ABSTRACT Metal-organic framework nanoparticles (nanoMOFs) are a promising class of hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Some of them, including biodegradable porous iron carboxylates are proposed for encapsulation and delivery of antibiotics. Due to the high drug loading capacity and fast internalization kinetics nanoMOFs are more beneficial for the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections compared to free antibacterial drugs, which poorly accumulate inside the cells because of the inability to cross membrane barriers or have low intracellular retention. However, nanoparticle internalization does not ensure their accumulation in the cell compartment that shelters a pathogen. This study shows the availability of MIL-100(Fe) MOF nanoparticles to co-localize with Chlamydia trachomatis , an obligate intracellular bacterium, in the infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, nanoMOFs loaded with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) exhibit complete photodynamic inactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis growth. Simultaneous infection and treatment of RAW264.7 cells with empty nanoMOFs resulted in a 3-fold decrease in bacterial load that indicates an intrinsic anti-chlamydial effect of this iron-containing nanomaterial. Thus, our findings suggest the use of iron-based nanoMOFs as a promising drug delivery platform, which contributes to antibacterial effect, for the treatment of chlamydial infections.
A new fragile watermarking technique for image authentication (2003)

A new fragile watermarking technique is proposed for image authentication. A logo is embedded as the watermark for integrity authentication and tamper detection. Different from most existing schemes, to resolve the existing security problem, an image feature is selected and hashed to generate the chaotic key, which adds uncertainty to the bits of each watermark. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in resisting existing attacks and its good localization property.
Test Signal Generation for Service Diagnosis Based on Local Structure Graphs (2015)

This work considers the problem of identifying the fault in a faulty dynamical system on the basis of the system's input and output signals only. For this purpose, a model-based method for the design of diagnostic tests which consist of specific input signals and appropriate residual generators is developed. The method extends the structure graph of dynamical systems in order to represent the couplings in a system which has been brought to a specific operating region. The resulting local structure graph is used to determine specific residual generators which can distinguish between faults on the basis of the system's input and output signals in the corresponding operating region. Algorithms to determine advantageous operating regions and input signals which drive the system into such operating regions are given. The application of the method to determine diagnostic tests is demonstrated using a typical automotive system, a throttle valve.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: etiology of fetal distress and fetal wastage. (1987)

Acute fatty liver is a rare complication of pregnancy occurring in approximately one in 13,000 deliveries. This disease has been associated with high maternal and fetal mortality rates in the past. Advances in medical care and early recognition and delivery are credited with recent reductions in the maternal and fetal loss seen with this disease. Maternal death is associated with hypoglycemia, hepatic failure, or coagulopathy. The etiology of fetal mortality is not well delineated. Reported is a patient with histologically proved acute fatty liver who developed fetal distress during therapy for coagulopathy. Review of the fetal monitor tracing in conjunction with examination of the placenta have led us to propose that uteroplacental insufficiency may be the cause for fetal distress and fetal wastage in fatty liver of pregnancy.
The meter tells you are at home! Non-intrusive occupancy detection via load curve data (2015)

Occupancy detection can greatly facilitate HVAC and lightning control for building energy saving. Sensor based occupancy detection is usually costly and may suffer from high false positive rates. As such, occupancy detection using load curve data has been proposed. Such type of methods, however, normally relies on tedious and nontrivial model training process. To overcome this pitfall, we develop a simple, non-intrusive occupancy detection approach that does not require any model training and only uses load curve data and readily-available appliance knowledge. The method consists of three main steps: i) the appliances' mode states are firstly decoded via a carefully designed total variation minimization problem; ii) the human actions are recovered with a-priori knowledge of human-activated switching events; iii) the occupancy states are then inferred based on the recovered human actions along with empirical association rules. We evaluate our approach and compare with existing methods with real-world data. The results show that our approach can achieve similar performance to those using supervised machine learning.
The effect of monohydroxyethylrutoside on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in patients treated for metastatic cancer in a phase II study (2007)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of the semisynthetic flavonoid 7-monohydroxyethylrutoside (monoHER) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in a phase II study in patients with metastatic cancer. Eight patients with metastatic cancer were treated with DOX preceded by a 10 min i.v. infusion of 1500 mg m(-2) monoHER. Five patients were examined by endomyocardial biopsy after reaching a cumulative dose of 300 mg m(-2). Histopathological changes in the cardiomyocytes (Billingham score) were compared with those described in literature for patients treated with DOX only. The mean biopsy score of the patients was higher (2.7) than the mean score (1.4) of historical data of patients who received similar cumulative doses of DOX. Although there is a considerable variability in few investigated patients, it was indicative that monoHER enhanced DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the antitumour activity of DOX seemed better than expected: three of the four patients with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma had a partial remission and the fourth patient stable disease. It is likely that the relatively high dose of monoHER is responsible for the lack of cardioprotection and for the high response rate in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma possibly by depleting the glutathione defense system in both heart and tumour.
Effects of Static Magnetic Fields on Blood Pressure in Animals and Humans (2008)

It is presumed that life on Earth has evolved in the presence of natural and ubiquitous magnetic fields. It is not surprising that biological systems can respond to a wide range of static magnetic fields (SMF). It is suggested that some physiological responses seem to be mediated through the nervous system. For weak intensity SMF, the effects of geomagnetic activity on the arterial baroreflex (reflex initiated by receptors in the aortic arch that alter peripheral vasomotion) in conscious animals were investigated by measuring blood pressure and microcirculation. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed as an indicator of cardiac autonomic regulation on the basis of the heart rate/mean arterial blood pressure relationship during a vasodilator (sodium nitroprusside) or a vasoconstrictor (phenylephrine) treatment. This study suggests that the geomagnetic field directly modifies microcirculatory responses related to BRS. These findings may have serious implications for individuals with ischemic diseases during periods of intense geomagnetic activity or geomagnetic storms. Concerning the moderate intensity SMF effects, pharmacological procedures and experimental animals have been used to assess the sympathetic responsiveness to SMF. We have reported that continuous exposure to moderate intensity SMF for several weeks can depress or suppress the action of sympathetic agonists (norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and dobutamine) and a sympathetic antagonist (reserpine) on hemodynamics and/or blood pressure by modulating sympathetic nerve activity or BRS in animals. In contrast, in humans there is little evidence to suggest that the SMF exposure of up to 8 tesla can alter blood pressure. Thus, this review describes the SMF effects (and non-effects) on the blood pressure in animals and humans. Keywords: Static magnetic fields, geomagnetic activity, sympathetic nerve activity, baroreflex sensitivity
Translational termination without a stop codon (2016)

Ribosomes stall when they encounter the end of messenger RNA (mRNA) without an in-frame stop codon. In bacteria, these "nonstop" complexes can be rescued by alternative ribosome-rescue factor A (ArfA). We used electron cryomicroscopy to determine structures of ArfA bound to the ribosome with 3'-truncated mRNA, at resolutions ranging from 3.0 to 3.4 angstroms. ArfA binds within the ribosomal mRNA channel and substitutes for the absent stop codon in the A site by specifically recruiting release factor 2 (RF2), initially in a compact preaccommodated state. A similar conformation of RF2 may occur on stop codons, suggesting a general mechanism for release-factor-mediated translational termination in which a conformational switch leads to peptide release only when the appropriate signal is present in the A site.
Long‐term clearance of inhaled diesel exhaust particles in rodents (1983)

The fate of inhaled diesel exhaust particles was studied in male Fischer 344 rats and Hartley guinea pigs using radioactive diesel particles, tagged in the insoluble particulate core with 14C and generated from a single-cylinder diesel engine. The potential artifact of increased radioactivity due to the absorption of 14CO2 in the blood was minimized by passing the exhaust through a diffusion scrubber prior to its dilution and introduction into a nose-only exposure chamber. Disappearance of the inhaled 14CO2 from blood through the expired air and urine was rapid, indicating that a correction for the increased radioactivity was necessary only for tissue samples generated during the first day after the exposure. An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was developed to determine the amount of blood and, thus, its contribution of 14CO2 activity in excised organs and tissues. Fischer rats exposed to diluted diesel exhaust at 2 particulate concentrations with similar total inhaled dose (7 mg/m3 for 45 min, and 2 mg/m3 for 140 min) had comparable deposition efficiencies and showed no significant difference in particle clearance for data measured up to 1 yr after the exposure. Long-term retention of inhaled diesel particles in Fischer rats, measured up to 330 d after the exposure, was analyzed as 3 clearance phases with half-times of 1 d, 6 d, and 80 d, respectively. In contrast, very little clearance was observed in guinea pigs between d 10 and d 432 after the exposure, and only the early clearance phase can be represented by a single exponential curve with a half-time of 1-2 d.