gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine neural crest stem cells and embryonic stem cell-derived neuron precursors survive and differentiate after transplantation in a model of dorsal root avulsion (2014)

Spinal root avulsion results in paralysis and sensory loss, and is commonly associated with chronic pain. In addition to the failure of avulsed dorsal root axons to regenerate into the spinal cord, avulsion injury leads to extensive neuroinflammation and degeneration of second-order neurons in the dorsal horn. The ultimate objective in the treatment of this condition is to counteract degeneration of spinal cord neurons and to achieve functionally useful regeneration/reconnection of sensory neurons with spinal cord neurons. Here we compare survival and migration of murine boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived, predifferentiated neuron precursors after their implantation acutely at the junction between avulsed dorsal roots L3-L6 and the spinal cord. Both types of cells survived transplantation, but showed distinctly different modes of migration. Thus, bNCSCs migrated into the spinal cord, expressed glial markers and formed elongated tubes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) compartment of the avulsed dorsal root transitional zone (DRTZ) area. In contrast, the ESC transplants remained at the site of implantation and differentiated to motor neurons and interneurons. These data show that both stem cell types successfully survived implantation to the acutely injured spinal cord and maintained their differentiation and migration potential. These data suggest that, depending on the source of neural stem cells, they can play different beneficial roles for recovery after dorsal root avulsion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Characterization of Bis(thioacyl) Tri‐ and Tetrasulfides (1985)

Abstract Bis(thioacyl) tri‐ 1 and tetrasulfides 2 have been prepared by the reaction of dithiocarboxylic acids with sulfur‐ or disulfur dichloride. The crystalline aromatic bis(thioacyl) sulfides ( 1 , 2 , R = aromatic) are stable towards heat and moisture. The n →π* transitions (λ max ) of the thiocarbonyl groups of bis(thioacyl) sulfides [RC(S)  S x  (S)CR, x = 1 – 4] are influenced by the number x of sulfur atoms. In addition, the remarkable difference in the n →π* transitions (λ max ) between monosulfides [RC(S)S(S)CR] and polysulfides [RC(S) – S x – (S)CR, x = 2 – 4] shows no contradiction with the results of the ab initio molecular‐orbital calculation by employing bis(thioformyl) sulfides [HC(S) – S x – (S)CH, x = 1 – 3] as model compounds. The results of the calculation of the charge distribution and the frontier‐electron densities show that nucleophiles or electron‐donating reagents attack the sulfide sulfur in a charge‐controlled reaction and the thiocarbonyl sulfur in a frontier‐orbital‐controlled reaction.
Active oral regimen for elderly adults with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia: a preclinical and phase 1 trial of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (R115777, Zarnestra) combined with etoposide (2008)

The farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib exhibits modest activity against acute myelogenous leukemia. To build on these results, we examined the effect of combining tipifarnib with other agents. Tipifarnib inhibited signaling downstream of the farnesylated small G protein Rheb and synergistically enhanced etoposide-induced antiproliferative effects in lymphohematopoietic cell lines and acute myelogenous leukemia isolates. We subsequently conducted a phase 1 trial of tipifarnib plus etoposide in adults over 70 years of age who were not candidates for conventional therapy. A total of 84 patients (median age, 77 years) received 224 cycles of oral tipifarnib (300-600 mg twice daily for 14 or 21 days) plus oral etoposide (100-200 mg daily on days 1-3 and 8-10). Dose-limiting toxicities occurred with 21-day tipifarnib. Complete remissions were achieved in 16 of 54 (30%) receiving 14-day tipifarnib versus 5 of 30 (17%) receiving 21-day tipifarnib. Complete remissions occurred in 50% of two 14-day tipifarnib cohorts: 3A (tipifarnib 600, etoposide 100) and 8A (tipifarnib 400, etoposide 200). In vivo, tipifarnib plus etoposide decreased ribosomal S6 protein phosphorylation and increased histone H2AX phosphorylation and apoptosis. Tipifarnib plus etoposide is a promising orally bioavailable regimen that warrants further evaluation in elderly adults who are not candidates for conventional induction chemotherapy. These clinical studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00112853.
A Dual-Stator HTS Modular Linear Vernier Motor for Long Stroke Applications (2022)

This paper proposes a dual-stator high-temperature-superconducting modular linear vernier motor (DS-HTS-MLVM), suitable for long stroke applications. The dual stators are two pure slotted-cores, and staggered by half the stator pole-pitch. The mover adopts a modular structure, installed with HTS excitation windings and copper armature windings. The cryostats for HTS windings also adopt a modular structure. In space, the HTS windings and the copper windings are perpendicular to each other, and in different slots. The main merits of the proposed motor are that: 1) the staggered stators with simple structure help to significantly suppress force ripple; 2) the distribution of the two sets of windings can eliminate the conflict of slot space; 3) the modular mover, and the modular cryostats for HTS windings reduce the installation difficulty; 4) the excitation field and air-gap flux can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the DC. In this paper, the structure and the working principle of the proposed motor are elaborated. With the help of finite element method, the electromagnetic performance of the proposed motor is analyzed, and compared to a DS-HTS-MLVM with two stators aligned. The results show that the proposed motor can significantly improve the thrust force density and power density and suppress the force ripple.
A Balance of Opposing Signals within the Cytoplasmic Tail Controls the Lysosomal Targeting of P-selectin (1998)

The 35-amino acid cytoplasmic tail of the adhesion receptor P-selectin is subdivided into stop transfer, C1 and C2 domains. It contains structural signals needed for targeting this protein to specialized secretory organelles and to lysosomes. Recently, using site-directed mutagenesis of horseradish peroxidase-P-selectin chimeras, we have uncovered a novel sequence within the C1 domain, KCPL, that mediates sorting from early, transferrin-positive endosomes to lysosomes and therefore operates as a positive lysosomal targeting signal (Blagoveshchenskaya, A. D., Norcott, J. P. , and Cutler, D. F. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 2729-2737). In the current study, we examined lysosomal targeting by both subcellular fractionation and an intracellular proteolysis assay and found that a balance of positive and negative signals is required for proper lysosomal sorting of P-selectin. First, we have found that within the sequence KCPL, Cys-766 plays a major role along with Pro-767, whereas Lys-765 and Leu-768 make no contribution to promoting lysosomal targeting. In addition, horseradish peroxidase-P-selectin chimeras were capable of acylation in vivo with [3H]palmitic acid at Cys-766, since no labeling of a chimera in which Cys-766 was replaced with Ala was detected. Second, analysis of mutations within the C2 domain revealed that substitution of two sequences, YGVF and DPSP, causes an increase in both lysosomal targeting and intracellular proteolysis suggesting the presence of lysosomal avoidance signals. The inhibition or promotion of lysosomal targeting resulted from alterations in endosomal sorting since internalization was not changed in parallel with lysosomal delivery. Analysis of the double mutants KCPL/YGVF or KCPL/DPSP revealed that although the positive lysosomal targeting signal operates in the early/sorting transferrin-positive endosomes, the negative lysosomal targeting (lysosomal avoidance) signals act at later stages of the endocytic pathway, most likely in late endosomal compartments.
A simulation-based learning automata framework for solving semi-Markov decision problems under long-run average reward (2004)

Many problems of sequential decision making under uncertainty, whose underlying probabilistic structure has a Markov chain, can be set up as Markov Decision Problems (MDPs). However, when their underlying transition mechanism cannot be characterized by the Markov chain alone, the problems may be set up as Semi-Markov Decision Problems (SMDPs). The framework of dynamic programming has been used extensively in the literature to solve such problems. An alternative framework that exists in the literature is that of the Learning Automata (LA). This framework can be combined with simulation to develop convergent LA algorithms for solving MDPs under long-run cost (or reward). A very attractive feature of this framework is that it avoids a major stumbling block of dynamic programming; that of having to compute the one-step transition probability matrices of the Markov chain for every possible action of the decision-making process. In this paper, we extend this framework to the more general SMDP. We also present numerical results on a case study from the domain of preventive maintenance in which the decision-making problem is modeled as a SMDP. An algorithm based on LA theory is employed, which may be implemented in a simulator as a solution method. It produces satisfactory results in all the numerical examples studied.
Synchrotron photoactivation of cisplatin elicits an extra number of DNA breaks that stimulate RAD51-mediated repair pathways. (2003)

Combination of cis-platinum with ionizing radiation is one of the most promising anticancer treatments that appears to be more efficient than radiotherapy alone. Unlike conventional X-ray emitters, accelerators of high energy particles like synchrotrons display powerful and monochromatizable radiation that makes the induction of an Auger electron cascade in cis-platinum molecules [also called photoactivation of cis-platinum (PAT-Plat)] theoretically possible. Here, we examined the molecular consequences of one of the first attempts of synchrotron PAT-Plat, performed at the European Synchrotron Research Facility (Grenoble-France). PAT-Plat was found to result in an extra number of slowly repairable DNA double-strand breaks, inhibition of DNA-protein kinase activity, dramatic nuclear relocalization of RAD51, hyperphosphorylation of the BRCA1 protein, and activation of proto-oncogenic c-Abl tyrosine kinase.
Measurements of dry atmospheric cooling in subfreezing temperatures (1945)

Introduction 177 Historical development 177 Construction of the relative comfort thermometer. . . 179 Interpretation of data 180 Components of cooling 181 Analysis of the wind-chill factor. 182 Choice of a unit for expression of cooling rate ....... 183 Construction of a cooling formula 183 Possible avenues of error in experimentation ........ 187 The effect of extreme cooling on the human body. . . 188 Summary and conclusion 197 Bibliography 198
The First Report of Successful Carotid Stent Implant Using Argatroban Anticoagulation in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Syndrome (1998)

We report the first successful carotid stent implant in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome who presented with recurrent neurologic deficits secondary to severe carotid stenosis. Argatroban anticoagulation was used for the carotid stent deployment. We also present laboratory data that document effective procedural anticoagulation.
[Metastatic testicular cancer presenting with venous thromboembolism]. (2006)

Metastatic testicular cancer can be associated with a variety of complications due to obstruction or invasion of adjacent structures. This is a case study of 2 patients with testicular cancer who presented with venous thromboembolism.
Structure of the C-terminal domain of nsp4 from feline coronavirus (2009)

Coronaviruses are a family of positive-stranded RNA viruses that includes important pathogens of humans and other animals. The large coronavirus genome (26-31 kb) encodes 15-16 nonstructural proteins (nsps) that are derived from two replicase polyproteins by autoproteolytic processing. The nsps assemble into the viral replication-transcription complex and nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 are believed to anchor this enzyme complex to modified intracellular membranes. The largest part of the coronavirus nsp4 subunit is hydrophobic and is predicted to be embedded in the membranes. In this report, a conserved C-terminal domain ( approximately 100 amino-acid residues) has been delineated that is predicted to face the cytoplasm and has been isolated as a soluble domain using library-based construct screening. A prototypical crystal structure at 2.8 A resolution was obtained using nsp4 from feline coronavirus. Unmodified and SeMet-substituted proteins were crystallized under similar conditions, resulting in tetragonal crystals that belonged to space group P4(3). The phase problem was initially solved by single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering (SIRAS), followed by molecular replacement using a SIRAS-derived composite model. The structure consists of a single domain with a predominantly alpha-helical content displaying a unique fold that could be engaged in protein-protein interactions.
Transcribing vocal expression from polyphonic music (2014)

A method for transcribing vocal expressions such as vibrato, glissando, and kobushi separately from polyphonic music is described. The expressions appear as fluctuation in the fundamental frequency contour of the singing voice. They can be used for search and retrieval of music and for expressive singing voice synthesis based on singing style since they strongly reflect the individuality of the singer. The fundamental frequency contour of the singing voice is estimated using the Viterbi algorithm with limitation from a corresponding note sequence. Next, the notes are aligned with the fundamental frequency sequence temporally. Finally, each expression is identified and parameterized in accordance with designed rules. Experiments demonstrated that this method can transcribe expressions in the singing voice from commercial recordings.
Vehicle-In-the-Loop Test Environment for Autonomous Driving with Microscopic Traffic Simulation (2018)

In our days, vehicle automation is in a continuous evolutionary phase consisting of experiments, testing and validation. Accelerating the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles and infrastructure is a real demand as these technologies have a great potential to improve traffic safety and resolve road transport problems. The Vehicle-In-the-Loop testing is therefore indispensable throughout the development process. As a potential solution to this need, this paper introduces a new approach for test environment capable to simulate realistic traffic around the autonomous test vehicle. The test car therefore can be put into virtual transportation network by applying realtime microscopic traffic simulation, i.e., the method enables safe vehicle testing. The proposed test environment was proved with real world autonomous car.
LW Hawk: a 16 μm pitch full-TV LW IRFPA made from HgCdTe grown by MOVPE (2009)

This paper describes the fabrication and performance of our LW Hawk arrays. These are Full-TV (640x512) LW infrared detectors at small pitch (16 &mu;m) made from HgCdTe grown by Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). The detectors are staring, focal planes consisting of HgCdTe mesa-diode arrays bump bonded to silicon read-out circuits. The HgCdTe structure is grown on GaAs and consists of an absorber layer sandwiched between wider band-gap cladding layers. Device processing is wafer-scale. This is an extension of the work reported in previous years with the innovation of dry etching for mesa isolation. The GaAs substrate is removed after bump bonding to minimise the thermal stress on cooling. The technology will be described. Results will be presented which show operability of 99.96% with a median NETD of 32 mK, reducing to 22 mK in binning mode. The results of various imaging trials will also be presented.
Crop Varieties for 1950 (1950)

Here are crop varieties recommended for Iowa in 1950. Each one is backed by long and painstsaking experiment and research.
Productivity Prediction Approach of Complex Tight Gas Reservoir in Yingtai Area (2015)

Productivity is the core of evaluation of undeveloped reserves. Productivity prediction is the significant content of oilfield plan deploying, development plan, dynamical analysis, oil and gas wells allocation and development plan regulation. As an example of tight gas reservoir in Yingtai area of Jilin Oilfield, according to internal factors in productivity prediction and the lithologic character of this region which consists of volcanic rock and clastic rock, this paper proposes two combination parameters to predict productivity. The different prediction results of these two methods are compared and analyzed. Based on the verification of two wells, “quasi-formation coefficient” has higher precision, the average relative error being 4%. It has reference meaning in the productivity prediction to other gas reservoirs with the same type and similar geologic conditions. Key words: Tight gas reservoir; Quasi-formation coefficient; Gas well; New well productivity; Prediction
Nachweis des Eisengehaltes im Herzen durch quantitative MRT-Untersuchung bei Patienten mit Thalassämie (2008)

Ziele: In den letzten Jahren wurden quantitative MRT-Methoden (z.B. GRE-R2*) entwickelt, um den Eisengehalt in der Herzwand zu bestimmen. In einer Kreuzstudie bei Patienten mit ß-Thalassämie (TM) und Sichelzellenanämie (SCD) wurde versucht, mittels Bestimmung von erhöhten R2* das Risiko auf die Entwicklung von Eisenüberladung im Herzen zu untersuchen. Methode: Insgesamt wurden 17 Personen untersucht, 14 von ihnen waren Patienten, die regelmäßig Bluttransfusion erhielten (TM: n=11 und SCD: n=3; Alter 17~43), 3 von ihnen waren gesunde Probanden. Auf Höhe der Papillarmuskeln wurde in der kurzen Achse am Septum die Signalintensität der R2*-Wert mittels exponentieller Fitting analysiert. Die Daten wurden mittels einer atemangehaltenen, EKG-getriggerten MRT-Untersuchung bei 1,5T (Siemens AG, Erlangen), über die Dauer von 9 Herzschlägen mit acht verschiedenen Echozeiten zwischen 1,9 bis 21,5ms in der Enddiastole (TR=223ms; Flipwinkel=20°), bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurde die linksventrikuläre Funktion aus den 6mm Schichten der kurzen und langen Achsen über den gesamten Herzzyklus (25 Phasen) berechnet. Die Eisenkonzentration in der Leber (LIC) wurde mittels SQUID biomagnetic liver susceptometry quantifiziert. Ergebnis: Bei Patienten mit TM betrug die mediane Relaxationszeit R2*=76s-1 (Spanne: 22 ~ 340s-1), 7 von 11 Patienten zeigten deutlich erhöhte R2*-Werte im Vergleich zu den noch als normal geltenden 50s-1. Die Patienten mit SCD zeigten keinerlei Unterschiede zu dem Normalkollektiv (Spanne:27~38s-1). Im Gegensatz zu den früheren Erkenntnissen konnte eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen R2* und LIC festgestellt werden (Spearman rank Rs=0,56; p=0,01). Bei einem der Patienten konnte trotzdem ein hoher R2*-Wert von 222±18s-1 festgestellt werden, obwohl der LIC einen optimalen Wert mit 938µg/g Nassgewicht aufwies und der LVEF mit 58% noch in der Norm war (ein Jahr zuvor – 49%). Schlussfolgerung: Der R2*-Wert deutete bei allen Patienten mit Thalassämie auf eine erhöhte Eisenkonzentration im Herzen hin. Eine schwerwiegende Konzentration (R2*>100s-1) konnte nur bei Patienten über 29 Jahren festgestellt werden. Eine Früherkennung der Eisenüberladung im Herzen ermöglicht einen rechtzeitigen Therapiebeginn, um eine Kardiomyopathie zu verhindern.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Mediated Cyclization of a 6‐Chloro‐9‐(2‐deoxy‐D‐erythro‐pent‐1‐ enofuranosyl)‐8‐(2,2‐dibromovinyl)purine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: BEWEIS FUER UEBERGANGSZUSTAENDE MIT WASSERSTOFFBINDUNG BEIM GESCHWINDIGKEITSBESTIMMENDEN SCHRITT DER RK. VON BENZOYLCHLORIDEN MIT AETHANOL IN ACETON UND IN CHLOROFORM (1970)

Abstract Die Kinetik der Titelreaktion der Säurechloride (I) wird untersucht.
Micro-macro characterization and modelling of human cortical bone : structural anisotropy versus material anisotropy. (2008)

Plenary Conference
Death Through Respiratory Failure of a Fraction of Ultraviolet-Irradiated Escherichia coli B/r Cells (1972)

Escherichia coli B/r cells grown on a glycerol-containing medium and ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated to about 0.5% survival respire for about 1 hr and then cease for several hours. The cells that have completed repair and recovery processes begin to divide about 120 min after UV treatment, but this division is completely inhibited in liquid medium by caffeine, which delays repair of the irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). When 5-fluorouracil (FU) is used to maintain respiration, the number of cells which form colonies when plated increases about 60-fold within 1 hr after irradiation. At least part of this increase does not involve repair while the cells are in the liquid medium because when caffeine is present there is still a 20-fold increase in colony formation. We conclude that many irradiated cells, although capable of carrying out complete and accurate repair of their DNA, die of respiratory failure; only when continuance of respiration is favored by FU treatment is their colony-forming potential realized. After an early increase, the number of cells able to form colonies in medium that contains FU remains constant while the completion of repair and recovery occurs. After these processes are completed, the number of cells able to form colonies increases slowly, except in the presence of caffeine, presumably because the late increase requires that repair steps take place while the cells are in liquid medium prior to cell division.
Impurity Profiles within a Shallow p‐n Junction by a New Differential Spreading Resistance Method (1976)

A new simple model for profiling the impurities within a shallow p‐n junction from spreading resistance data is proposed. Dickey's capacitance analogue method is extended to a "multilayer" geometry. Direct translation of the differential sheet conductance method to the spreading resistance method is performed. As examples of this approach, the cases of shallow boron (11B+)‐, phosphorus (31P+)‐, and arsenic (As)‐doped layers in silicon are discussed.
Back Matter (2008)

Back matter pages come after the papers or chapters in a published work and may include appendixes, references, and indexes.