gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely small thermal conductivity of the Al-based Mackay-type1∕1-cubic approximants (2006)

Thermal conductivity $(\ensuremath{\kappa})$ of the Al-based Mackay-type $1∕1$-cubic approximants ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase) was investigated over a wide temperature range from $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Behaviors of $\ensuremath{\kappa}(T)$ observed for these $1∕1$-cubic approximants were essentially the same with those reported for the corresponding icosahedral quasicrystals; very small magnitude lower than $4.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, small contribution of electrons, and possession of a local maximum and a local minimum around $30--50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and $100--200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, respectively. By analyzing measured lattice thermal conductivity ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\mathrm{lat}}(T)$ in terms both of local atomic arrangements and phonon dispersions, we revealed that ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\mathrm{lat}}(T)$ is greatly reduced by combination of the small group velocity of phonons and the enhanced umklapp process of phonon scattering. Those characteristics are brought about by the large lattice constant and vacancies in the structure.
On-the-Fly Finger-Vein-Based Biometric Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Finger-vein-based biometric recognition technology has recently attracted the attention of both academia and industry because of its robustness against presentation attacks and the convenience of the acquisition process. As a matter of fact, some contactless vein-based recognition systems have already been deployed and commercialized. However, they require the users to keep their hands still over the acquisition device for a few seconds to perform recognition. In this study, we release this constraint and allow users to have their finger vein patterns acquired on-the-fly. To accomplish this goal, we introduce an ad-hoc acquisition architecture capable of capturing the finger vein structure using an array of low-cost cameras, and we propose a recognition framework based on the use of convolutional and recurrent neural networks. To test the proposed approach we acquire a finger vein image dataset, in video format at four different exposure times, from 100 subjects. The obtained experimental results show that, even in a very challenging scenario, the proposed system guarantees high performance levels, up to 99.13% recognition accuracy over the collected dataset.
Survey of Service Discovery Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks1 (2006)

Mobile devices are inherently scarce in resources, necessitating the need to cooperate among them for performing tasks that cannot be done alone. This cooperation is in the form of services that are offered by other devices in the network. To get benefit from the services offered by other devices, they have to be discovered. Service Discovery Protocols (SDPs) are used for this purpose. This is an important area of research in mobile computing and ubiquitous computing. In this paper twelve SDPs for multihop mobile ad hoc networks are analyzed with respect to their service discovery architectures, management of service information, search methods, service selection, methods for supporting mobility and service description techniques, Among these the most important aspect is the service discovery architecture as this affects other aspects of the service discovery. In this paper the service discovery architectures are categorized in four groups namely directory-based with overlay support architecture, directory-based without overlay support architecture, directory-less with overlay support architecture and directory-less without overlay support architecture. The management of service information and search methods mainly depend on the type of service discovery architecture. It is found that mobility support and service selection methods are independent of the SDP architecture. Also the description of services is found to be independent of the SDP architectures. Mostly the services are described using XML or the extensions of XML. At the end of the paper open issues and areas of further research are discussed.
DETERMINATION AND GENOTOXICITY OF NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES IN A SEDIMENT FROM THE BLACK RIVER (1986)

The genotoxicity of nitrogen heterocycles isolated from a sediment taken from the Black River near Loraine, Ohio, in an area that received effluents from the coking ovens of a steel plant was studied. These compounds were isolated by gel permeation chromatography and silicic acid adsorption chromatography from the moderately polar fraction of an organic extract of this sediment. Two complex mixtures of secondary and tertiary nitrogen heterocycles containing three to five aromatic rings were characterized using capillary column gas chromatography with selective detection. Both mixtures induced significant unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes and accounted for essentially all of the genotoxicity of the fraction from which they were isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: PTERIDINE 61. MITT. SYNTHESE UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON THIOLUMAZINEN (1974)

Abstract Die Kondensation der 4,5‐Diamino‐pyrimidine (I) bzw. (IV) mit den Dicarbonylverbindungen (II) führt zu den Thiolumazinen (III) bzw. (V).
The use of EM-CCDs on high resolution soft x-ray spectrometers (2011)

Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) have been traditionally used on high resolution soft X-ray spectrometers, but with their ability to increase the signal level in the detector before the readout noise of the system is added, Electron-Multiplying CCDs (EM-CCDs) have the potential to offer many advantages in soft X-ray detection. Through this signal multiplication an EM-CCD has advantages over conventioanl CCDs of increased signal, suppressed noise, faster readout speeds for the same equivalent readout noise and an increased inmmunity to Electro-Magnetic Intereference. This paper will look at present and future spacel applications for high resolution soft X-ray spectrometers and assess the advantages and disadvantage of using EM-CCDs in these applications.
Reaction of 4-picoline N-oxide with acetic anhydride. Trapping of the cationic intermediate (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 4-picoline N-oxide with acetic anhydride. Trapping of the cationic intermediateTheodore. Cohen and Gary L. DeetsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 15, 3939–3940Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00991a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00991a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Some roles of standards in physical law (2019)

This report explains the roles of physical law standards. The presentation was given to a law school class at the University of New Mexico.
Bioluminescence in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica1 (1976)

McMurdo Sound is inhabited by a number of bioluminescent organisms not previously described as bioluminescent. A dinoflagellate, two ostracods, a copepod, fish fecal pellets probably illuminated by bacteria, four polychaetes, a brittle star, a euphausiid, and a sponge illuminated by dinoflagellates are described. The dinoflagellate luminescence appeared to have a seasonal but not a circadian rhythm.
Wyniki zastosowania paliw pochodzenia roœlinnego do zasilania pojazdów z silnikami o zap³onie samoczynnym (2005)

Alternatywne paliwa odnawialne zyskuj¹ obecnie coraz wieksze znaczenie ze wzgledu na wzrost cen ropy naftowej, ochrone œrodowiska (emisja gazow cieplarnianych i zanieczyszczen), a w niektorych regionach tak?e z uwagi na pomoc w utrzymaniu produkcji rolniczej (pierwotnie zorientowanej na produkcje ?ywnoœci). Przedstawiane opracowanie zawiera wyniki badan uzyskane przez autorow w zakresie w³aœciwoœci i parametrow eksploatacyjnych estrow metylowych kwasow t³uszczowych oleju s³onecznikowego. Wykonane badania obejmowa³y: pomiary na hamowni silnikowej, pomiary na hamowni podwoziowej w teœcie europejskim UDC+EUDC, a tak?e badania d³ugotrwa³e samochodow osobowych oraz autobusow miejskich komunikacji publicznej. Wyniki badan wykaza³y korzystne skutki zastosowania pochodnych oleju s³onecznikowego w zakresie emisji szkodliwych sk³adnikow spalin, przy jednoczesnym niewielkim pogorszeniu takich wskaŸnikow jak moc i zu?ycie paliwa. Mieszaniny estrow metylowych kwasow t³uszczowych oleju s³onecznikowego i oleju napedowego, w szczegolnoœci te zawieraj¹ce mniej ni? 20% estrow posiadaj¹ odpowiednie w³aœciwoœci do zastosowania ich jako paliwa w silnikach o zap³onie samoczynnym, bez potrzeby ich modyfikacji. Badania na stanowisku hamownianym potwierdzaj¹ ogolne tendencje i wyniki innych badan. Ze wzgledu na ni?sz¹ wartoœae opa³ow¹ estrow metylowych wystepuje obni?enie maksymalnej mocy i momentu obrotowego silnika z jednoczesnym wzrostem zu?ycia paliwa (do 16% dla czystych estrow metylowych). Emisja CO i HC by³a zmniejszona dla czystych estrow metylowych i paliw z ich du?¹ zawartoœci¹, podczas gdy przy niewielkim ich udziale obserwowano niewielki wzrost emisji przy ma³ej predkoœci obrotowej silnika. Wraz ze wzrostem zawartoœci estrow metylowych w paliwie emisja NO x wykaza³a bardzo nieznaczn¹ tendencje wzrostow¹. Podobne tendencje stwierdzono w badaniach dwoch samochodow osobowych w teœcie europejskim. Badania d³ugotrwa³e samochodu osobowego dla przebiegu 80000 km przeprowadzono dla paliwa zawieraj¹cego 10% estrow metylowych oleju rzepakowego. Nie stwierdzono ?adnych problemow z olejem smaruj¹cym, otwieraniem sie iglic wtryskiwaczy, zu?yciem paliwa i filtrami paliwa. Wszystkie wyniki by³y zgodne z wynikami badan tego samego pojazdu napedzanego czystym olejem napedowym. Ogolnie mo?na stwierdziae, ?e na obecnym poziomie technicznym nie ma wiekszych przeszkod ograniczaj¹cych rozwoj estrow metylowych jako biopaliwa stosowane do silnikow o zap³onie samoczynnym. S³owa kluczowe: silniki spalinowe o ZS, paliwa alternatywne, estry metylowe, emisja, wskaŸniki pracy
What Knowledge of Responsible Conduct of Research Do Undergraduates Bring to Their Undergraduate Research Experiences? (2015)

Over a three-year period, chemistry and engineering students participating in six Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs were surveyed before and after participating in a research ethics training workshop. The goal was to learn what undergraduate students already knew about key concepts in research ethics at the start of their research experience and to learn the impact of participation in the workshop on their knowledge and understanding of important research ethics concepts. At least two-thirds of the respondents could define fabrication of data, falsification of data, plagiarism, intellectual property, and confidentiality before participating in the training workshop. More than a third, however, could not define the terms personal misrepresentation, authorship, and conflict of interest. Though many students had factual knowledge of the key concepts at the outset, they were found to be unable to apply this knowledge to their summer research projects. Participation in the workshop was found to lead to improved comprehension of all the key science ethics terms selected for study in this project by all participants as reflected in the participants’ ability to define the key concepts at the end of the workshop. Participation in the workshop, however, was not found to improve students’ ability to apply their knowledge to their research projects. Student responses indicate that the students lacked critical local information on ethical standards needed for them to successfully apply their knowledge to their research projects. These findings together with those of our earlier work point to the importance of engaging individual faculty research mentors in their students’ research ethics training.
Synthesis of isoindoles and related iso-condensed heteroaromatic pyrroles (2012)

Over the past few years, isoindoles have found wide application in materials science. Isoindole containing BODIPY dyes are highly fluorescent materials and have been extensively used in various fields of science. Phthalocyanines, metal containing cyclic tetramers of isoindole, form coordination complexes with most elements of the periodic table. These complexes are intensely coloured and are used as pigments and dyes. However, isoindoles are relatively unstable 10π-heteroaromatic systems and few synthetic methods provide these compounds in good yields. This tutorial review will give an overview of the reported synthetic methods towards isoindoles and related heteroaromatic systems over a time span of approximately 10 years (2000 to current), including the applications where they have been reported. The importance of the field will be illustrated and factors influencing product stability will be discussed.
High-Dose Corticosteroids in Patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1987)

Corticosteroids are widely used as therapy for the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) without proof of efficacy. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylprednisolone therapy in 99 patients with refractory hypoxemia, diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest radiography and absence of congestive heart failure documented by pulmonary-artery catheterization. The causes of ARDS included sepsis (27 percent), aspiration pneumonia (18 percent), pancreatitis (4 percent), shock (2 percent), fat emboli (1 percent), and miscellaneous causes or more than one cause (42 percent). Fifty patients received methylprednisolone (30 mg per kilogram of body weight every six hours for 24 hours), and 49 received placebo according to the same schedule. Serial measurements were made of pulmonary shunting, the ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to partial pressure of alveolar oxygen, the chest radiograph severity score, total thoracic compliance, and pulmonary-artery pressure. We observed no statistical differences between groups in these characteristics upon entry or during the five days after entry. Forty-five days after entry there were no differences between the methylprednisolone and placebo groups in mortality (respectively, 30 of 50 [60 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 46 to 74] and 31 of 49 [63 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 49 to 77]; P = 0.74) or in the reversal of ARDS (18 of 50 [36 percent] vs. 19 of 49 [39 percent]; P = 0.77). However, the relatively wide confidence intervals in the mortality data make it impossible to exclude a small effect of treatment. Infectious complications were similar in the methylprednisolone group (8 of 50 [16 percent]) and the placebo group (5 of 49 [10 percent]; P = 0.60). Our data suggest that in patients with established ARDS due to sepsis, aspiration, or a mixed cause, high-dose methylprednisolone does not affect outcome.
Robust Control for Static Loading of Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator with Friction Compensation (2012)

Load simulator is a key test equipment for aircraft actuation systems in hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. Static loading is an essential function of the load simulator and widely used in the static/dynamic stiffness test of aircraft actuation systems. The tracking performance of the static loading is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical models of the hydraulic load simulator are derived, and the feedback linearization method is employed to construct a feed-forward controller to improve the force tracking performance. Considering the effect of the friction, a LuGre model based friction compensation is synthesized, in which the unmeasurable state is estimated by a dual state observer via a controlled learning mechanism to guarantee that the estimation is bounded. The modeling errors are attenuated by a well-designed robust controller with a control accuracy measured by a design parameter. Employing the dual state observer is to capture the different effects of the unmeasured state and hence can improve the friction compensation accuracy. The tracking performance is summarized by a derived theorem. Experimental results are also obtained to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.
Volume generation of negative ions in high density hydrogen discharges. Revision 1 (1983)

An optimized tandem two-chamber negative-ion source system is discussed. In the first chamber high energy (E > 20 eV) electron collisions provide for H/sub 2/ vibrational excitation, while in the second chamber negative ions are formed by dissociative attachment. The gas density, electron density, and system scale length are varied as independent parameters. The extracted negative ion current density passes through a maximum as electron and gas densities are varied. This maximum scales inversely with system scale length, R. The optimum extracted current densities occur for electron densities near nR = 10/sup 13/ electrons cm/sup -2/ and for gas densities, N/sub 2/R, in the range 10/sup 14/ to 10/sup 15/ molecules cm/sup -2/. The extracted current densities are sensitive to the atomic concentration in the discharge. The atomic concentration is parametrized by the wall recombination coefficient, ..gamma.., and scale length, R. As ..gamma.. ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 and for system scale lengths of one centimeter, extracted current densities range from 8.0 to 80. mA cm/sup -2/.
Negative Knight Shift in Ba-Ti Oxyhydride: An Indication of the Multiple Hydrogen Occupation (2019)

Multiple hydrogen occupation in Ba-Ti oxyhydride is demonstrated by a negative Knight shift in the 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra combined with hydrogen concentration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. A negative Knight shift, an indicator of the interaction between conduction band electrons and a probe nucleus, is observed in the 1H MAS NMR signal of Ba-Ti oxyhydrides at room temperature for the first time. This Knight shift indicates multiple hydrogen occupation. This was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectra of Ba-Ti oxyhydrides and the hydrogen concentrations. The presence of hydrogen species with different bonding characteristics indicates a flexible hydrogen configuration in Ba-Ti oxyhydrides, from an ionic-state hydride ion with single occupation to partially anionic state hydrogen atoms with multiple occupation. It also indicates the potential to modify the electronic structure and physical properties of Ba-Ti oxyhydrides by manipulating their hydrogen configuration.
In Situ Hybridization of Whole-Mount Mouse Embryos with RNA Probes: Preparation of Embryos and Probes (2007)

INTRODUCTIONThis is the first of two protocols describing how to perform in situ hybridization on whole mouse embryos. Here we describe how to fix and permeabilize embryos with detergent and how to synthesize single-stranded RNA probes (riboprobes) in vitro using UTP labeled with the plant steroid digoxigenin (DIG-11-UTP). Antisense digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes are synthesized as run-off transcripts from linearized plasmid templates using bacteriophage RNA polymerases (T3, T7, SP6) under standard conditions. The probe is precipitated with ethanol in the presence of NaCl, and after resuspension in DEPC-treated H(2)O is stable at -20°C for many months. Probes ranging from 250 to 1500 bp have been used successfully. The optimal probe concentration is in the 100 ng to 1 μg/mL range and should be determined empirically.
Effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on regenerative cell responses in human dental pulp cells (2017)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors at specific concentrations promoted proliferation, migration and adhesion of hDPSCs, which may contribute to novel regenerative therapies for pulpal disease treatment.
Trauma (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pre-hospital issues Emergency center considerations Imaging issues Stratification of injuries/timing of repair Pre-operative issues Operative therapy issues Post-operative care and rehabilitation New technologies Medicolegal issues Summary References
Consequences of implanting and surface mixing during Si and SiO<inf>2</inf> plasma etching (2009)

Summary form only given. Fluorocarbon plasmas are widely used in Si and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> etching. The generally accepted mechanism includes:1 a) ion activation of sites to produce a SiC <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> or SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> CxF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> complex layer, b) deposition of C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> polymer layer on top of the complex and c) etching the complex by releasing volatile etch products, such as COF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> and SiF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> . Since the ion energies typically used in dielectric etching can be many hundreds of eV, mixing of the surface layers and implantation can occur. The mixing can produce a more reactive surface which could increase the etch rate but the mixing is also a form of damage. Small molecular or atomic ions are capable of penetrating through the polymer and complex layers, and be trapped in the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> or Si lattices. High energy molecular ions striking the surface are partly dissociated to generate smaller molecules and atoms which, if retaining energy, can also implant. Species with lower energy may implant into the polymer or complex layer as well. These weakly bonded or interstitial species may eventually diffuse back into the plasma.
Epidemiology of unexplained chronic cough in adults: a population-based study (2023)

<b>Unexplained chronic cough accounts for a significant proportion of chronic cough cases in adults, and its persistent phenotype shows female preponderance that is demographically similar to individuals with cough hypersensitivity</b> https://bit.ly/3EwjWVo.