gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Relationship between Chloride Ion Penetration and Resistivity of NAC-Cement Concrete (2022)

To explore the effect of nano-attapulgite clay (NAC) on the durability of concrete, two kinds of NAC (calcined raw ore and calcined high viscosity ore: calcination at 650 °C for 2 h) were used to study their effects on the durability of concrete, mainly discussing the changes of chloride ion permeability and the resistivity of concrete with NAC. The effect of NAC on the strength of concrete was analyzed by testing the compressive strength of concrete. The two-electrode method, four-electrode method, and concrete resistivity tester were used to analyze the relationship between the testing method and concrete resistivity, and the effect of NAC on concrete resistivity was analyzed. The influence of NAC on the chloride corrosion resistance of concrete was analyzed by measuring the chloride diffusion coefficient, and the relationship between the chloride diffusion coefficient and resistivity was established. The diffusion process of chloride ions in concrete was analyzed by theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. The results show that: calcining raw ore NAC can improve the compressive strength of concrete, while calcining high-viscosity ore reduces the compressive strength of concrete. At the age of 28 days, the strength of concrete mixed with calcined raw ore is about 7.10% higher than that of ordinary concrete, while the compressive strength of concrete mixed with calcined high-viscosity ore is about 4.32% lower than that of common concrete. The resistivity of concrete mixed with calcined raw ore increases the fastest, and the 56 days age is about 15.8% and 29.6% higher than that of ordinary concrete and calcined high-viscosity ore. There is a good negative correlation between concrete resistivity and chloride diffusion coefficient. At 28 days, the incorporation of calcined raw ore concrete decreased by about 19.9% and 49.4% compared with ordinary concrete and calcined high-viscosity ore, respectively. After 10 years of decline, the chloride ion content is 11.1% and 23.2% lower than that of ordinary concrete and concrete mixed with calcined high viscosity ore.
Preparation and Electrical Properties of Modulation-doped ZnO Multi-layer Structure (2003)

Modulation-doped ZnO multi-layer structures were synthesized and their electrical properties were investigated. First, AlxMgyZnl-x-yO films were prepared as carrier injection layers for modulation doping. The films were deposited on sapphire (1120) substrates by pulsed laser deposition using Nd : YAG laser with the wavelength of 266 nm. It is confirmed that the modification of a band gap and heavy electron doping can be simultaneously achieved in the films. Secondly, modulation-doped multi layer [ZnO/Al0.01Mg0.05Zn0.94O]10 was grown on a sapphire (1120) subatrate. X-ray diffraction pattern of the film showed the satellite peaks corresponding to the multi-layer period. Hall mobility of the film was 43 cm2/V⋅n, which was close to that of AlxMgyZnl-x-yO single-layer.
Widely tunable semiconductor lasers (2002)

Widely tuneable laser modules have been developed that can be set to any wavelength channel in the EDFA window. The integrated modules comprise a monolithic laser chip as well as microprocessor based wavelength control electronics.
MedLingMap: A growing resource mapping the Bio-Medical NLP field (2012)

The application of natural language processing (NLP) in the biology and medical domain crosses many fields from Healthcare Information to Bioinformatics to NLP itself. In order to make sense of how these fields relate and intersect, we have created “MedLingMap” (www.medlingmap.org) which is a compilation of references with a multi-faceted index. The initial focus has been creating the infrastructure and populating it with references annotated with facets such as topic, resources used (ontologies, tools, corpora), and organizations. Simultaneously we are applying NLP techniques to the text to find clusters, key terms and other relationships. The goal for this paper is to introduce MedLingMap to the community and show how it can be a powerful tool for research and exploration in the field. 1
Osteogenic effects of exosomes derived from human chorion membrane extracts (2021)

Exosomes were identified in CME and AME from the human placenta. Further, the exosomes from CME were found to be capable of promoting osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that exosomes are a key component of CME that stimulate the osteogenesis of human osteoblast-like cells. CME exosomes can be developed as promising therapeutic candidates for bone regeneration.
Serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with pituitary adenoma. (1997)

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isomer of the widely distributed glycolytic enzyme 2-phospho-d-glycerate hydrolase (EC 4.2.1.11), composed of two subunits, α and γ. NSE is localized in neurons and in peripheral and central neuroendocrine cells \[“amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation” cells (APUD)\] (1). Tumors arising from APUD cells may contain high amounts of NSE detectable by both immunostaining of tumor cells and radioimmunological measurement of extractable enzyme (2)(3). These tumors include small-cell lung cancer (4)(5), neuroblastoma (6), pancreatic islet cell cancer (7), carcinoid tumor (4)(8), medullary …
New Rhodamine Nitroxide Based Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Hydroxyl Radical Identification in Living Cells (2011)

The synthesis, characteristics, and biological applications of a series of new rhodamine nitroxide fluorescent probes that enable imaging of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in living cells are described. These probes are highly selective for •OH in aqueous solution, avoiding interference from other reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they facilitate •OH imaging in biologically active samples. The robust nature of these probes (high specificity and selectivity, and facile synthesis) offer distinct advantages over previous methods for •OH detection.
Monte Carlo approach to the analysis of the rotational diffusion of wormlike chains (1981)

Abstract A Monte Carlo analysis is presented which establishes a relationship between the rotational diffusion coefficients and the flexibility (persistence length, P ) of short, wormlike chains. The results of this analysis are presented in terms of experimentally observable quantities; namely, the rotational relaxation times for the field‐free decay of optical anisotropy. The pertinent theoretical quantity is R , defined as the ratio of the longest rotational relaxation time of a wormlike chain to the transverse rotational relaxation time of a rigid cylinder having the same axial length ( L ) and segmental volume. R , so defined, is essentially independent of the axial ratio of the cylinder for any value of L / P within the range of validity of the present analysis (axial ratio &gt; 20; 0.1 &lt; L / P &lt; 5). It is pointed out that P can be determined with reasonable accuracy even in the absence of a precise knowledge of the local hydrodynamic radius of the chain.
Phase I study combining UCN-01 with irinotecan in resistant solid tumor malignancies (2004)

3139 Background UCN-01, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, is a cell cycle modulator that abrogates the G2 checkpoint induced by DNA damaging agents, such as irinotecan, leading cells to apoptosis. We performed a Phase I study combining UCN-01 with irinotecan to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in resistant solid tumor malignancies and evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the combination. Methods Patients were treated with irinotecan on days 1, 8, 15, 22 followed by UCN-01 on days 2 and 23 every 42 days. Dose escalation proceeded as follows: Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetics of irinotecan, SN-38, SN-38 glucuronide and aminopentanocarboxylic acid (APC), and total and unbound UCN-01. Polymorphonuclear cells and normal rectal tissue were collected for cell cycle profiling and phosphorylation of Chk1, Cdc25c, and Cdc2. Results Eleven patients with resistant solid tumor malignancies were treated. In dose level 3, a grade 3 ANC with a >14 day treatment delay was dose-limiting. We are presently expanding this level to 6 patients. In cycle 1, dose level 3, a grade 3 malaise/fatigue occurred. No grade 4 toxicity occurred. PK analyses demonstrated the area under the curve (AUC) of irinotecan, SN-38, SN-38G, and APC was not influenced by UCN-01 administration through dose level 3. In the first two dose levels, there was no significant increase in the AUC of UCN-01. PD samples were collected and analyses will be performed at completion of patient enrollment. Response data on 11 patients reveal 6 with stable disease (range 5–26 weeks) and 5 with progressive disease. Conclusions The combination therapy of UCN-01 and irinotecan at dose level 3 is well-tolerated. At this time, there is no evidence of a PK interaction between these agents. Patient accrual continues at dose level 3. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Towards a Better Reversibility of the Electrochemical Li-Si Reaction through the Use of Partially Oxidized Silicon Particles and Alternative Electrolyte Salt/Additives (2015)

Silicon is one of the most promising candidates as anode material for Li-ion batteries because it offers the largest gravimetric and volumetric capacities [1] . However, the most challenging problem associated with the Li-Si reaction is the drastic particles swelling (up to + 300% in volume) which results in degradation of the electrode cohesion and in capacity loss upon cycling [2] . Accordingly, the choice of the binder is crucial as it dictates most of the performances of the Si-based electrode [3] and also drives the nature of the solvent used to dissolve it. CMC (Carboxy-Methyl-Cellulose) is known to be a very efficient binder to maintain electronic percolation and mechanical integrity of Si-based electrodes [4] . Also, CMC is water soluble hence environment friendly compared to other polymeric binders that could necessitate hazardous solvents, such as NMP. However, the large-scale production of Si/CMC/C composite electrode is troublesome since it generally leads to a large H 2 bubbling within the slurry, later making impossible the fabrication of uniform electrodes. This results from the oxidation of Si by water (Si + 2H 2 O à SiO 2 + 2H 2 ), and we will here show how we mastered and finally avoided this reaction through partial and controlled oxidation of Si by pre-reaction with either water (Si water ) or air at moderated temperatures (Si air ). By coupling volumetric, chemical, XRD, TEM/EELS, TGA/DSC, IR and gas adsorption data, the texture and chemistry of the resulting silica-based coating layers were found to be highly dependent on the oxidation path (Figure 1) , while the level of oxidation is tuned by the time-temperature of the treatment. Although fully oxidized samples are totally inactive vs. Li., a mild oxidation (e.g. 10-15wt% SiO 2 ) protects the Si core from water during the electrode processing, while ensuring very stable capacity upon extended cycling ( Figure 2 ). The electrochemical properties of the various resulting oxidized materials will be here deeply discussed. In addition, we will describe the effects of 1) alternative salts (LiPF 6 and LiTDI), 2) various additives (FEC and VC), and 3) different procedures for the electrode making (e.g. powder mixing, drying conditions) onto the reaction of these Si/SiO 2 composite materials with Li. [1] G. C. L. B.A. Boukamp, and R.A Huggins, J. Electrochem. Soc: Electrochem Sicence and Thechnology 1981 , 128 , 725-729. [2] U. Kasavajjula, C. Wang and A. J. Appleby, Journal of Power Sources 2007 , 163 , 1003-1039. [3] N. S. Hochgatterer, M. R. Schweiger, S. Koller, P. R. Raimann, T. Wöhrle, C. Wurm and M. Winter, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 2008 , 11 , A76. [4] B. Lestriez, S. Bahri, I. Sandu, L. Roue and D. Guyomard, Electrochemistry Communications 2007 , 9 , 2801-2806. Figure 1
The End of the GMO? Genome Editing, Gene Drives and New Frontiers of Plant Technology (2017)

Improvements to agriculture will constitute one of the world’s greatest challenges in the coming century. Political and social controversies, as well as complications of plant breeding, intellectual property, and regulation, have compromised the promised impact of genetically engineered – typically transgenic – crops designated as “GMOs.” Genome editing is a new suite of molecular tools for assisting biologists identify genes that control agronomic traits such as drought tolerance and pest resistance, as well as to elucidate how expression of these genes is intertwined within the functional framework of the cell. This technology has recently gained momentum for its ability to accelerate the crop breeding process in an unprecedented fashion and expand the range of crop varieties with improved precision and lower costs. This review explains the basic concepts and provides examples of how genome editing could help address the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals with respect to food, agriculture, and medicine. It concludes with a discussion of the potential social impact of genome editing and gene drive. These effects are contingent on the resolution of novel ethical and regulatory challenges that add new layers of complexity to societal questions of appropriate technology, in agriculture and beyond. We expect these questions to replace the irresolvable GMO debate.
Antimicrobial Effect of a Novel Chitosan Derivative and Its Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics (2021)

Cationic polymers are promising antibacterial agents because bacteria have a low propensity to develop resistance against them, but they usually have low biocompatibility because of their hydrophobic moieties. Herein, we report a new biodegradable and biocompatible chitosan-derived cationic antibacterial polymer, 2,6-diamino chitosan (2,6-DAC). 2,6-DAC shows excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8-32 μg/mL against clinically relevant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. Furthermore, 2,6-DAC shows an excellent synergistic effect with various clinically relevant antibiotics proved by decreasing the MICs of the antibiotics against MDR <i>A. baumannii</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to <1 μg/mL. In vivo biocompatibility of 2,6-DAC is proved by a dosage of 100 mg/kg compound via oral administration and 25 mg/kg compound via intraperitoneal injection to mice; 2,6-DAC does not cause any weight loss and any significant change in liver and kidney biomarkers or the important blood electrolytes. The combinations of 2,6-DAC together with novobiocin and rifampicin show >2.4 log<sub>10</sub> reduction of <i>A. baumannii</i> in murine intraperitoneal and lung infection models. The novel chitosan derivative, 2,6-DAC, can be utilized as a biocompatible broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial agent alone or in synergistic combination with various antibiotics.
Structure of Human Cyclophilin A in Complex with the Novel Immunosuppressant Sanglifehrin A at 1.6 Å Resolution (2005)

Sanglifehrin A (SFA) is a novel immunosuppressant isolated from Streptomyces sp. that binds strongly to the human immunophilin cyclophilin A (CypA). SFA exerts its immunosuppressive activity through a mode of action different from that of all other known immunophilin-binding substances, namely cyclosporine A (CsA), FK506, and rapamycin. We have determined the crystal structure of human CypA in complex with SFA at 1.6 A resolution. The high resolution of the structure revealed the absolute configuration at all 17 chiral centers of SFA as well as the details of the CypA/SFA interactions. In particular, it was shown that the 22-membered macrocycle of SFA is deeply embedded in the same binding site as CsA and forms six direct hydrogen bonds with CypA. The effector domain of SFA, on the other hand, has a chemical and three-dimensional structure very different from CsA, already strongly suggesting different immunosuppressive mechanisms. Furthermore, two CypA.SFA complexes form a dimer in the crystal as well as in solution as shown by light scattering and size exclusion chromatography experiments. This observation raises the possibility that the dimer of CypA.SFA complexes is the molecular species mediating the immunosuppressive effect.
Cost effective scaling to 22nm and below technology nodes (2011)

For decades, Moore's law transistor cost scaling created a vibrant ecosystem of foundries, fabless design houses, IDMs, and suppliers. Each of these parties shared in the abundant economic benefits of the transistor cost scaling enabled by Moore's law. This led to specialization within each layer and vertical segment of the supply chain wherein rigid technical interfaces allowed unidimensional technology trajectories to thrive. As we approach the challenges of achieving economic scaling at 22nm and beyond, we are confronted with a new set of challenges that will require tighter integration along historically rigid interfaces. This environment sets the stage for the pendulum to swing toward technologies that take advantage of tighter coupling between layout architectures and process capabilities, and between process control needs and product sensitivities. Taking the next step in Moore's law with the application of smarter and more efficient circuit, layout, and lithography co-design techniques that can provide high density and increased yields at a sustainable cost. The key enabler of this methodology is the creation of a regular design fabric onto which one can efficiently map the selected templates using a limited number of printability-friendly layout patterns. The co-optimization of circuit, layout, and process is achieved by co-developing circuit functions, layout pattern library and lithography solutions. This solution replaces design rules for logic with a rigorously characterized set of layout Templates. We will demonstrate that this methodology will enable future technology nodes that utilize current generation lithography while minimizing the cost per good die. In particular, we will: discuss the choice of regular design fabrics and their implications on design metrics, yields and cost; show that the selection of circuit topologies can be mapped efficiently to the choice of regular design fabric, and compare lithography solutions such as double patterning (DPT), direct write multi-e-beam (MEBM) and interference lithography (IL) for the 22nm technology node and beyond.
Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging vs Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Diagnosis of Invasive Vessel-Specific Coronary Physiology (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02173275.
Pendent Chain Functionalized Polyacetals That Display pH-Dependent Degradation:  A Platform for the Development of Novel Polymer Therapeutics (2001)

The synthetic polymers that are used to prepare polymer therapeutics reaching clinical use are predominantly nonbiodegradable, and this severely limits the molecular weight range that will give certainty of safe elimination. The aim of this study was to synthesize water-soluble, biocompatible, amino-functionalized polyacetals that would display pH-dependent degradation and, moreover, be suitable for drug conjugation. To test the feasibility of the synthetic procedure, polyacetals were first prepared by the reaction of a diol (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) and a divinyl ether (e.g., tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether) using an acid catalyst. Using PEG3400, these polyacetals had a Mw of 36 000−43 000 g/mol (Mw/Mn = 1.6−1.8) and displayed pH-dependent degradation. An enhanced rate of hydrolysis was seen at pH 5.5 (41% Mw loss in 25 h) compared to pH 7.4 (10% Mw loss in 73 h). The polymers and their degradation products were nontoxic toward B16F10 cells in vitro (IC50 > 5 mg/mL), and they were also nonhemolytic (rat red blood cells). Several approaches were examined to produce amino-functionalized polyacetals. It was found that modification of either the divinyl ether or PEG monomer was not the best strategy. However, terpolymerization, for example using the hydrolytically stable diol 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-serinol, PEG3400, and tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether, did produce functionalized polyacetals of Mw 20 000−77 000 g/mol and Mw/Mn = 1.8−2.0. Varying the ratios of diol monomer gave a family of polymers containing different amounts of pendent group. One of these amino-polyacetals was used to prepare a polymer containing 125I-labeled Bolton−Hunter reagent (74 μCi/mg), introduced to facilitate a preliminary biodistribution study after intravenous administration to rats. The polyacetals showed no preferential accumulation in the major organs (at 1 h; liver (4.2 % dose), lung (0.7%), and kidney (1.1%)), and the log blood clearance with time was linear over 24 h. These novel, biodegradable polyacetals have potential for further development as polymer therapeutics and more generally as a new family of biodegradable polymers.
Causality-Constrained Multiple Shift Sequential Matrix Diagonalisation For Parahermitian Matrices (2016)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lisbon, Portugal, 2014
Regulation of Segment-Building during the Postembryonic Development of a Common Milliped (1968)

Starvation of larvae of the milliped Narceus annularis results in the formation of a smaller than normal number of body segments in the early stadia. However, this reduced number is compensated for by subsequent formation of a larger than normal number of body segments in the later stadia, or by the addition of extra segment-building stadia. Apparently there is a mechanism whereby the milliped "keeps count" of the number of body segments produced and can regulate the production of these segments from a proliferative region so that the total number of body segments at sexual maturity is within the normal range for the species.
Identification, Characterization, and Tissue Distribution of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) Isoforms PPARγ2 versus PPARγ1 and Activation with Retinoid X Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (1997)

We describe the cloning, characterization, and tissue distribution of the two human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor isoforms hPPARgamma2 and hPPARgamma1. In cotransfection assays the two isoforms were activated to approximately the same extent by known PPARgamma activators. Human PPARgamma binds to DNA as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). This heterodimer was activated by both RXR agonists and antagonists and the addition of PPARgamma ligands with retinoids resulted in greater than additive activation. Such heterodimer-selective modulators may have a role in the treatment of PPARgamma/RXR-modulated diseases like diabetes. Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of PPARgamma in skeletal muscle, and a sensitive RNase protection assay confirmed the presence of only PPARgamma1 in muscle that was not solely due to fat contamination. However, both PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2 RNA were detected in fat, and the ratio of PPARgamma1 to PPARgamma2 RNA varied in different individuals. The presence of tissue-specific distribution of isoforms and the variable ratio of PPARgamma1 to PPARgamma2 raised the possibility that isoform expression may be modulated in disease states like non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, a third protected band was detected with fat RNA indicating the possible existence of a third human PPARgamma isoform.