gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Design of CMOS LNAs and PAs for 60-GHz Radio (2007)

Sixty-gigahertz power (PA) and low-noise (LNA) amplifiers have been implemented, based on algorithmic design methodologies for mm-wave CMOS amplifiers, in a 90-nm RF-CMOS process with thick 9-metal-layer Cu backend and transistor f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> of 120 GHz/200 GHz. The PA, fabricated for the first time in CMOS at 60 GHz, operates from a 1.5-V supply with 5.2 dB power gain, a 3-dB bandwidth >13 GHz, a P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of +6.4 dBm with 7% PAE and a saturated output power of +9.3 dBm at 60 GHz. The LNA represents the first 90-nm CMOS implementation at 60 GHz and demonstrates improvements in noise, gain and power dissipation compared to earlier 60-GHz LNAs in 160-GHz SiGe HBT and 0.13-mum CMOS technologies. It features 14.6 dB gain, an IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> of -6.8 dBm, and a noise figure lower than 5.5 dB, while drawing 16 mA from a 1.5-V supply. The use of spiral inductors for on-chip matching results in highly compact layouts, with the total PA and LNA die areas with pads measuring 0.35times0.43 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 0.35times0.40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively
Intrahepatic mRNA expression in hepatitis C virus and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection: infiltrating cells, cytokines, and influence of HAART (2008)

The accelerated liver disease observed in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients might reflect enhanced intrahepatic inflammatory responses rather than increased local transcription of directly profibrogenic cytokines.
[Diagnosis of coronary artery disease: value and limitations of non-invasive methods. (Ecg, thallium perfusion scintigraphy, radionuclide angiography) (author's transl)]. (1979)

In order to compare the three non-invasive exercise tests Ecg, Thallium myocardial perfusion imaging and radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, the results of these tests in a consecutive series of 30 patients and 14 controls were analyzed. In all 88 symptom-limited exercise tests a significantly higher double product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure, mm Hg/min) was reached on a treadmill test (for Ecg and Thallium scintigraphy) as compared to the supine bicycle ergometer exercise (for radionuclide angiography: 243.1 +/- 61.1 vs. 215.2 +/- 46.5 x 10(2) (p less than 0.01). Considering all 132 diagnostic tests the overall sensitivity for rest/exercise Ecg was 67%, for Thallium scans 77%, for both combined 83% and for the ejection fraction response to exercise determined by radionuclide angiography 97%. If only the exercise response was considered, the corresponding sensitivity values were 60% (Ecg), 47% (Thallium scans), 70% (both tests combined) and 97% (radionuclide angiography). The specificity for coronary artery disease was determined to be 79% for Ecg, 86% for Thallium scintigraphy, 64% for Ecg/Thallium scans and 71% for radionuclide angiography. The most common reason for a false-positive result in all tests was found to be the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, whereas most false-negative results were seen in patients with single vessel right coronary artery disease. Based on these results, the clinical implications of the three non-invasive tests in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease are discussed.
Fingerprinting (2004)

Recent studies have suggested that the soft-error rate in microprocessor logic will become a reliability concern by 2010. This paper proposes an efficient error detection technique, called fingerprinting , that detects differences in execution across a dual modular redundant (DMR) processor pair. Fingerprinting summarizes a processor's execution history in a hash-based signature; differences between two mirrored processors are exposed by comparing their fingerprints. Fingerprinting tightly bounds detection latency and greatly reduces the interprocessor communication bandwidth required for checking. This paper presents a study that evaluates fingerprinting against a range of current approaches to error detection. The result of this study shows that fingerprinting is the only error detection mechanism that simultaneously allows high-error coverage, low error detection bandwidth, and high I/O performance.
Microwave Methods - Evidence to Support a Microwave Effect (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Synthesis of Platinacyclobutanes Bearing Biological Components for Targeted, Cisplatin Prodrugs (2006)

A new series of platinacyclobutanes with attached biomolecules have been prepared. Biological components include thymidine, cholesterol, glucose, and proline, all of which have been coupled to cyclopropylmethanol and then reacted with platinum(II), in the form of Zeise's dimer, to give the respective platinacycle.
Semiconductors for organic transistors (2007)

Organic molecules/polymers with a π-conjugated (hetero)aromatic backbone are capable of transporting charge and interact efficiently with light. Therefore, these systems can act as semiconductors in opto-electronic devices similar to inorganic materials. However, organic chemistry offers tools for tailoring materials' functional properties via modifications of the molecular/monomeric units, opening new possibilities for inexpensive device manufacturing. This article reviews the fundamental aspects behind the structural design/realization of p- (hole transporting) and n-channel (electron-transporting) semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). An introduction to OFET principles and history, as well as of the state-of-the-art organic semiconductor structure and performance of OFETs is provided.
Effect of dietary canola on fatty acid composition of bovine adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and liver1 (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of feeding canola and soybean products as protein supplements on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle of slaughter bulls and steers and on fatty acid composition of kidney and liver total lipids of bulls. Products included canola meal (CM), extruded canola (EC, full-fat), ground canola (GC, full-fat), soybean meal (SBM), and extruded soybeans (ES, full-fat). Tissues were obtained at slaughter from 75 crossbred beef bulls and 50 crossbred beef steers fed corn silage (17.2 to 29.7% of DM), ground corn (56.5 to 75.0% of DM), and protein supplements (6.8 to 21.6% of DM). The DMI was not influenced by dietary fat in either trial. Gain: feed was greater (P < .05) for bulls fed CM than for bulls fed ES, EC, or GC. Carcasses were not influenced appreciably by dietary fat. Adipose tissue of EC-fed cattle had the lowest percentage of 16:0 (P < .05, vs SBM, CM, and GC), whereas both EC- and GC-fed cattle had the highest 18:0 (P < .05). In muscle (pectoral), EC-fed bulls had a higher percentage of 18:1 than SBM-fed bulls (P < .05), and EC-fed steers had the lowest 16:0 and 16:1 and highest 18:0, 18:3, and 20:1 (P < .05). Kidney total lipids of EC- and GC-fed bulls had the lowest percentage of 16:0 and highest 18:1 and 18:3 (P < .05); bulls fed ES had the highest percentage of 18:2. Liver-lipid 16:0 was highest in ES-fed bulls and lowest in EC-fed bulls, which also had the highest 18:0 (P < .05). Bulls fed EC and GC had the highest 18:3 and 20:5 (P < .05). In conclusion, dietary full-fat canola and in some cases full-fat soybeans altered the fatty acid composition of lipids of adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and liver of beef cattle.
Transient focal cerebral ischemia significantly alters not only EAATs but also VGLUTs expression in rats: relevance of changes in reactive astroglia (2010)

The involvement of plasma membrane glutamate transporters (EAATs - excitatory aminoacid transporters) in the pathophysiology of ischemia has been widely studied, but little is known about the role of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in the ischemic process. We analyzed the expression of VGLUT1-3 in the cortex and caudate-putamen of rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed an increase of VGLUT1 signal in cortex and caudate-putamen until 3 days of reperfusion followed by a reduction 7 days after the ischemic insult. By contrast, VGLUT2 and 3 were drastically reduced. Confocal microscopy revealed an increase in VGLUT2 and 3 immunolabelling in the reactive astrocytes of the ischemic corpus callosum and cortex. Changes in VGLUTs and EAATs expression were differently correlated to neurological deficits. Interestingly, changes in VGLUT1 and EAAT2 expression showed a significant positive correlation in caudate-putamen. Taken together, these results suggest a contribution of VGLUTs to glutamate release in these structures, which could promote neuroblast migration and neurogenesis during ischemic recovery, and a possible interplay with EAATs in the regulation of glutamate levels, at least in the first stages of ischemic recovery.
THE ANOMALIES OF PERMANENT DENTITION IN CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSPLASIA (2001)

Cleidocranial Dysplasia(CCD) is an autosomal dominant human bone disease characterized by abnormal clavicles, patent sutures and fontanelles, and dental anomalies. Among dental anomalies, it is characterized that permanent dentition is severly disturbed due to multiple supernumerary teeth and abnormalities of tooth morphology. A eight-year-old female patient diagnosed as cleidocranial dysplasia visited in our hospital. Upon clinical oral exam, retained deciduous teeth, constriction of dental arch, anterior cross bite, and multiple dental caries were observed. In the dental panoramic radiograph, retained deciduous teeth and multiple supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and the mandible were found. In the cephalometric radiograph, open sutures and wormian bones were seen. In the chest P-A view absence of clavicles was observed. The cleidocranial dysplasia patients have eruption problems in permanent dentition both in regions with and without supernumerary teeth. The severely delayed or arrested eruption of permanent teeth has been ascribed to various factors : 1) The presence of multiple supernumerary teeth, 2) malformed roots with lack of cellular cementum, 3) the jaw bone being too dense, and 4) abnormal resorption of bone and primary teeth. Formation and maturation of primary teeth in cleidocranial dysplasia are normal, whereas the permanent dentition has various anomalies. Therefore, dentists should understand the development of dentition in cleidocranial dysplasia, and treat them in proper time.
Exciton luminescence in MQW based photonic crystals (2005)

The paper is concerned with the exciton luminescence in 1D resonant photonic crystals based on multiple quantum wells. The structure of the luminescence spectrum is analyzed with the help of an original approach allowing one to take into account an arbitrary spatial periodic distribution of the refractive index of the structure. The dependence of the spectral distribution of the intensity on the period of the structure is analyzed and compared with the experimental data. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wind-tunnel Investigation of High-lift and Stall-control Devices on a 37 Degree Sweptback Wing of Aspect Ratio 6 at High Reynolds Numbers (1948)

Results are presented of an investigation in the Langley 19-foot pressure tunnel of the longitudinal characteristics of a semispan model wing having 37 degrees sweepback of the leading edge, an aspect ratio of 6, and NACA 641-212 airfoil section perpendicular to the 27-percent-chord line. Several types of stall-control devices including extensible round-nose leading-edge flaps, a leading-edge slat, and a drooped leading edge were investigated; partial- and full-span trailing-edge split and double slotted flaps were also tested. In addition, various combinations of the aforementioned leading- and trailing-edge flaps were investigated. The tests covered a range of Reynolds numbers between 2.00 x 10(6) and 9.35 x 10(6). The wing with or without trailing-edge splity of double slotted flap was longitudinally unstable near maximum lift due to tip stalling. The addition of an outboard half-span leading-edge flap or a leading-edge slat to the plain wing or wing with inboard half-span split flaps eliminated tip stalling and resulted in stable moment variations at the stall. The drooped leading edge, on the other hand, was only effective when used in conjunction with an upper-surface fence. The combination of an outboard leading-edge device and inboard half-span double slotted flap resulted in an undesirable loop in the pitching-moment curve near maximum lift in spite of an inboard stall. The loop is attributed to the section characteristics of the double slotted flap. Air-flow surveys behind the wing indicated that a suitably placed horizontal tail would eliminate the loop in the moment curve.
Immortalized Functional Endothelial Progenitor Cell Lines from Umbilical Cord Blood for Vascular Tissue Engineering (2012)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in multiple biological processes such as vascular homeostasis, regeneration, and tumor angiogenesis. This makes them a promising cell of choice for studying a variety of biological processes, toxicity assays, biomaterial-cell interaction studies, as well as in tissue-engineering applications. In this study, we report the generation of two clones of SV40-immortalized EPCs from umbilical cord blood. These cells retained most of the functional features of mature endothelial cells and showed no indication of senescence after repeated culture for more than 240 days. Extensive functional characterization of the immortalized cells by western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence studies substantiated that these cells retained their ability to synthesize nitric oxide, von Willebrand factor, P-Selectin etc. These cells achieved unlimited proliferation potential subsequent to inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, but failed to form colonies on soft agar. We also show their enhanced growth and survival on vascular biomaterials compared to parental cultures in late population doubling. These immortalized EPCs can be used as a cellular model system for studying the biology of these cells, gene manipulation experiments, cell-biomaterial interactions, as well as a variety of tissue-engineering applications.
29Si-Kernresonanzuntersuchiingeii an Polysilanen 1. Perchlorpolysilane / 29Si NMR Investigations on Polysilanes 1. Perchloropolysilanes (1980)

Abstract Several oligomeric perchloro silanes of the type Cl 2n + 2 Si n (n= 1 to 6) were studied by 29 Si NMR. n-Cl 12 Si 5 was synthesized for the first time. Structures of isomeric silanes could be determined by substituent effects.
Prostaglandin‐Synthesen durch Dreikomponenten‐Kupplung (1984)

Abstract Prostaglandine spielen im menschlichen Körper eine erstaunliche Rolle. Nach der vollständigen Strukturaufklärung Anfang der sechziger Jahre wurden enorme Anstrengungen unternommen, eine leistungsfähige chemische Synthese zu entwickeln, denn diese in der Natur sehr spärlich vorkommenden, lokal wirkenden Hormone können nur durch Totalsynthese in ausreichender Menge bereitgestellt werden. Unter den vielen Synthesen, von denen die meisten linear oder sequentiell ablaufen, ist Coreys Synthese wohl die vielseitigste; bisher sind mehr als 5000 Prostaglandin‐Analoga hergestellt und auf ihre biologischen Wirkungen untersucht worden. Einige natürliche Prostaglandine und deren Analoga werden bereits klinisch verwendet. Angesichts der fortwährenden Expansion auf diesem Gebiet faszinierte uns die Idee, auf der Grundlage einer neuen Strategie einen hochkonvergenten Zugang zu Prostaglandinen zu schaffen. Die Entdeckung einer hochenantioselektiven Methode zur Reduktion prochiraler Ketone und die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur doppelten vicinalen CC‐Verknüpfung mit Enonen haben eine Eintopfsynthese zum Aufbau des vollständigen Prostaglandin‐Skeletts ermöglicht. Dabei wird eine chirale 4‐oxygenierte 2‐Cyclopentenon‐Einheit mit zwei Bausteinen für die Seitenketten verbunden. Dieses Verfahren ist effizient und flexibel, und es ermöglicht die Herstellung aller natürlich vorkommenden Prostaglandine und einer breiten Palette von Analoga.
On the Properties of the Intrinsic Point Defects in Silicon: A Perspective from Crystal Growth and Wafer Processing (2000)

Taking into account a wide variety of recent results from studies of silicon crystal growth and high temperature wafer heat treatments, a consistent picture of intrinsic point defect behavior is produced. The relevant point defect parameters: diffusivities, equilibrium concentrations and the details of the interaction of vacancies with oxygen are deduced. This set of parameters successfully explains a very wide array of experimental observations covering the temperature range 900–1410 °C. These experimental observations, which are reviewed here, include the properties of grown-in microdefects and vacancy-controlled oxygen precipitation effects in rapidly cooled wafers. The analysis of point defect behavior from observations of high temperature phenomena such as these has the great advantage of relative simplicity and transparency.
Origins of the High Thermal Stability of Alkylidene Groups on the Surface of β-Mo2C (2007)

Surface alkylidenes can be formed on β-Mo2C through the selective carbonyl bond scission of ketones and aldehydes. Spectroscopic studies show that alkylidene groups remain intact on the carbide surface to above 900 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. A rationalization for the anomalously high thermal stability is presented on the basis of surface analysis studies. It is shown that the relatively high reactivity of the clean carbide surface permits both carbonyl bond scission and other less selective processes involving CC and CH bond cleavage. The combined decomposition channels lead to the deposition of excess carbon and high-coordination oxygen, resulting in an inert surface on which alkylidenes are thermally stable. Removal of surface carbon, through CO desorption and carbon diffusion, occurs at high temperatures leading to a newly reactive surface. Alkylidenes trapped at low temperatures on the intrinsically passivated surface can survive until the clean surface is partially restored at high temperatures.
Picosecond optoelectronic characterization of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (2003)

A time-domain network analyzer with a bandwidth greater than 100 GHz was constructed using picosecond optoelectronic techniques. The S-parameters of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with an f/sub max/ of 35 GHz were measured using this system. The results show good agreement with measurements of a similar HBT using a conventional vector network analyzer over the bandwidth of the analyzer (26 GHz). The optoelectronically measured S-parameters of the device were limited by the cutoff frequency of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression, localization and polymorphisms of the nuclear receptor PXR in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma (2011)

PXR expresses in BE and adenocarcinoma tissue, and showed nuclear localization in adenocarcinoma tissue. Upon stimulation with lithocholic acid, PXR translocates to the nuclei of OE19 adenocarcinoma cells. Together with the observed association of a PXR polymorphism and BE, this data implies that PXR may have a function in prediction and treatment of esophageal disease.
The HIV envelope protein gp120 is toxic to human brain-cell cultures through the induction of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (1995)

Objective: To investigate the induction of cytokines as a possible mechanism for the neurotoxicity of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. Design: The gp120 protein was tested directly on primary human brain cultures to examine its ability to induce cytokines and its neurotoxicity on human neural cells because gp120 is known to be toxic to rodent ganglion cultures, and neural cells such as astrocytes and microglia produce cytokines when stimulated. Methods: Primary cultures of human brain cell aggregates, astrocytes and macrophages were exposed to HIV-1 recombinant (r) gp120SF2. Induction of cytokines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); neurotoxicity of rgp120SF2 and interleukin (IL)-6 on human brain cultures was examined by electron microscopy. Results: ELISA and RT-PCR studies revealed that rgp120SF2 induced IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in brain cultures; IL-6 could also be induced by TNF-α added to brain cultures. Both IL-6 and TNF-α were upregulated in astrocytes and macrophage cultures on rgp120SF2 treatment. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that IL-6 treatment for 72h induced large cytoplasmic vacuoles in neural cells with morphology consistent with neurons; rgp120SF2 treatment for 7 days resulted in chromatin condensation along the inner margins of nuclear envelopes of neural cells. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that HIV-1 rgp120SF2 can upregulate at least two known neurotoxic cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, which may injure neural cells and contribute to the neuropathology observed in AIDS dementia patients.
Characterisation and Application of a Custom-made HIFU Transducer for Robotic Manipulation (2009)

No abstract available.
Thermal Behavior of an Intelligent Li-Ion Cell under Vehicle Conditions (2020)

Intelligent battery cells follow the approach of having greater knowledge of the single cell state in a battery system by sensors on cell level. The further-reaching approach of reconfigurable battery systems pursues the principle of controlling each cell in a system independently by switches to maximize power and safety of the whole battery system. In the literature, different approaches for sensing, communication and battery management functionality are proposed. However, less attention has been paid to the power loss of such intelligent cells and the resulting thermal effects. Especially for large prismatic cells in an automotive application the temperature is important for power, safety and life-time. Therefore, in this work, an intelligent cell prototype is realized based on a prismatic 25 Ah Li-ion cell. In addition, a 3D thermal model of the intelligent cell is developed and validated experimentally. The model is used to investigate the thermal behavior of an intelligent cell under automotive conditions in detail. The results reveal that an useful application with an temperature increase in the jelly roll of 3 K is only possible with a reduced power loss of the electronics and a well thought-out design for an intelligent cell.