gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Toxicity of Sodium Chloride and its Relation to Water Intake in Baby Chicks (1948)

THE amount of sodium chloride required for normal growth and production of the fowl is subject to considerable variations. Sjollema (1935) reviewed a feeding experiment in which day-old chicks fed basal rations containing .033 and .086 per cent sodium chloride failed to grow satisfactorily. Prentice (1933) reported that 0.5 percent of common salt in the mash supplied to young chicks is essential for satisfactory growth, resistance to disease, economical utilization of feed, and early maturity in the pullets. The amount of salt added to a mash depends upon the variable amount of salt found in such feeds as meat meal, fish meal and dried milk. Halpin, Holmes, and Hart (1934) reported that 0.5 percent added salt will meet all needs for growth or production and maintenance. The chicken can tolerate considerably more salt than it needs. Mitchell, Card, and Carman (1926) reported that chickens 9 to 21 weeks old were . . .
Organic Field‐Effect Transistors: Enhanced Charge Injection Properties of Organic Field‐Effect Transistor by Molecular Implantation Doping (Adv. Mater. 10/2019) (2019)

A selective contact-doping technique based on solid-state diffusion is developed by Keehoon Kang, Takhee Lee, and co-workers in article 1806697 for enhancing carrier injection in organic field-effect transistors. The dopant molecules become structurally implanted in well-defined regions of the polymer film near the contact electrodes. This new strategy of contact doping achieves a markedly improved contact resistance and device stability in contact-doped organic field-effect transistors.
Distributed flocking of lagrangian systems with global connectivity maintenance (2013)

Distributed control strategies with connectivity maintenance are proposed for addressing connected flocking of a team of lagrangian systems. First, a completely distributed estimation strategy is devised for estimating the algebraic connectivity, i.e., the second smallest eigenvalue of graph Laplacian, as well as the corresponding eigenvector. Furthermore, based on the estimated parameters, a cooperative flocking algorithm is developed which could steer the agents to the desired flocking motion and to keep the algebraic connectivity to be bounded below by a positive number, which guarantees global network connectivity preservation during maneuvers. Different from the local connectivity maintenance method which keeps some fixed edges for all time, the proposed algorithm guarantees the connectivity while allowing any existing edge to be broken, which enhances the flexibility and adaptability for the overall system. Finally, nontrivial simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Literacia em saúde e Promoção do Autocuidado na Prevenção da Doença Coronária (2018)

O sucesso na gestão da doença crónica relaciona-se com a promoção do autocuidado. O desenvolvimento de competências depende do programa educativo que deve ter em conta a literacia da pessoa.
Desynchronization of an electrically coupled interneuron network with excitatory synaptic input (2010)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
H/sup ∞/ optimality of the LMS algorithm (1996)

We show that the celebrated least-mean squares (LMS) adaptive algorithm is H/sup /spl infin// optimal. The LMS algorithm has been long regarded as an approximate solution to either a stochastic or a deterministic least-squares problem, and it essentially amounts to updating the weight vector estimates along the direction of the instantaneous gradient of a quadratic cost function. We show that the LMS can be regarded as the exact solution to a minimization problem in its own right. Namely, we establish that it is a minimax filter: it minimizes the maximum energy gain from the disturbances to the predicted errors, whereas the closely related so-called normalized LMS algorithm minimizes the maximum energy gain from the disturbances to the filtered errors. Moreover, since these algorithms are central H/sup /spl infin// filters, they minimize a certain exponential cost function and are thus also risk-sensitive optimal. We discuss the various implications of these results and show how they provide theoretical justification for the widely observed excellent robustness properties of the LMS filter.
Erythrocyte membrane penetration of basic drugs and relationship between drug penetration and hemolysis. (1986)

To clarify the relationship between hemolytic activity and membrane penetration of drugs, some tranquilizers and antihistaminics were compared with each other as regards the amount of drugs able to penetrate human erythrocyte membrane at 27 and 37°C, and the activation energy for penetration was calculated. The drugs exerting strong hemolytic action penetrated the membrane much more effectively than those with less activity. The relation between the amount (A) of drug penetrated vs. extracellular drug concentration (C) could be generally described by a linear equation : log A (10-8mol)=0.817·log C (10-4M)+b. With 8 phenothiazines, the correlation coefficient between A and the value of 1/C1 or 1/C50 (C1 is the initial concentration inducing hemolysis and C50 is the concentration inducing 50% hemolysis) was 0.916 (p<0.01) or 0.927 (p<0.01), respectively. The amount of drugs penetrated at the C50 was (0.7-4.1)×10-17mol/ghost and (1.7-10.6)×10-2mol/mol phospholipid. The drug penetration into the membrane could be approximately described by the Freundlich equation, but not the Scatchard equation. The activation energy for drug penetration was in the range from 1.07 to 6.16 kcal, and there was no clear-cut relationship between the energy and the above parameters.
Compliance with Prehospital Triage Protocols for Major Trauma Patients (1999)

The majority of patients meeting prehospital major trauma criteria were transported to designated trauma centers. Patients meeting only physiology criteria, however, were much less likely to be transported to trauma centers, and there was a differentially low compliance for elderly trauma patients meeting physiology criteria alone. The causes and consequences of lower compliance with triage instructions for the elderly population deserve further investigation.
Lithium-ion Battery Management Using Physics-based Model Predictive Control and DC-DC Converters (2018)

This paper presents a novel application of model predictive control (MPC) to the problem of managing lithiumion cell performance using reduced-order physics-based electrochemical cell models and implemented via individual cell-mounted dual active bridge DC-DC converters. The proposed method uses MPC to safeguard cell-level electrochemical limits and has the potential to extend lifetime by mitigating certain mechanisms of cell degradation leading to capacity fade. The modular architecture is described and the control concepts are developed and demonstrated on an identified physics-based model of a 25 Ah lithium ion battery cell.
Correlation between cell-free mRNA expressions and PLGF protein level in severe preeclampsia (2015)

There is no difference between expression of cell-free mRNA PlGF in severe preeclampsia serum and normal pregnancy. There is a significant correlation between expression of cell-free mRNA and PlGF protein level in severe preeclampsia.
Enhancement of incipient fault detection and estimation using the multivariate Kullback-Leibler Divergence (2016)

Fault detection and diagnosis methods have to deal with large variable data sets encountered in complex industrial systems. Solutions to this problem require multivariate statistics approaches often focused on the reduction of the space dimension. In this paper we propose a fault detection and estimation approach using Multivariate Kullback-Leibler Divergence (MKLD) to cope with the negative effects due dimension reduction while using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The obtained results show its superiority on the usual PCA-KLD based approach. An analytical model of the MKLD is proposed and validated for low severity fault (incipient fault) detection and estimation in noisy environment operating conditions.
Use of gene expression of specific marker genes in intraperitoneal lavage samples to predict peritoneal dissemination in gastric carcinoma. (2010)

e14553 Background: Since peritoneal dissemination is the most important prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer, high sensitivity and specificity is required for a diagnosis of dissemination. Peritoneal lavage cytology is widely used in Japan in order to assess a risk of peritoneal dissemination, but it requires great skill and its sensitivity is very limited. Methods: Peritoneal lavage samples were collected from 34 gastric cancer patients (M/F 24/10, median age 66.5) either during surgical operation or through intraperitoneal catheter which was inserted when recurrence was suspected. Lavage samples were centrifuged and floating intraperitoneal cells were collected. Total RNA were extracted and converted to cDNA. Real-time RT-PCR was performed for quantification of targeted 9 genes (CDH, TERT, CEA, KRT20, DDC, FABP1, BIRC5, TACSTD1, TFF1). GAPDH was used as a reference gene. Conventional peritoneal cytology was also assessed with using same samples. Results: Among all 34 samples, conventional cytology diagnosed 13 samples as positive, which meant existence of cancer cells, and 21 samples as negative. Gene expression levels of 9 genes were compared between cytology-positive and negative samples and 6 genes (CEA, TERT, KRT20, FABP1, DDC, TFF1) showed significantly higher median expression levels in cytology-positive samples than negative (CEA: p < 0.0001, TERT: p = 0.05, KRT20: p = 0.01, FABP: p < 0.0001, DDC: p = 0.007, TFF1: p = 0.001, Mann-Whitney's U test). All 13 cytology-positive samples showed at least one gene expression (100% sensitivity) while 14 out of 21 cytology-negative samples did not show any of these 6 gene expressions. In 7 samples which showed at least one gene expression and cytology-negative, 5 samples were given a diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination during surgical operation. In these 5 samples, conventional cytology was seemed to show false-negative, while this PCR-based method diagnosed correctly. Conclusions: These data suggest that this PCR-based method may have a potential of higher sensitivity for a diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination compared with conventional lavage cytology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PET imaging in endocrine tumours. (2008)

The role of PET in the assessment of endocrine tumours has been, until recently, restricted to the use of (18)F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG). Being a marker of metabolically active lesions that show high grading and low differentiation, FDG is not ideal for this purpose since the majority of endocrine tumours are slow growing and highly differentiated. It is however useful when dedifferentiation takes place and provides excellent prognostic information. A number of hormone precursors and amino acids are labelled with (11)C and used successfully in the management of parathyroid, adrenal and pituitary tumours. However, the short half-life of (11)C radiopharmaceuticals restricts their use to centres with access to an on-site cyclotron, while the high cost of production may limit their use to research purposes. A promising new positron-emission tomography (PET) tracer is Gallium-68 obtained by elution from a long shelf-life generator that makes it economic and cyclotron-independent. Its short half-life and flexible labelling ability to a wide range of peptides and antibodies makes it ideal for PET imaging. In addition to imaging GEP-NETs and phaeochromocytoma, it has the potential to be used in a wider range of endocrine tumours.
Mechanism of superplastic deformation in a magnesium alloy. II. The role of grain boundaries (1977)

The change in the grain-boundary structure during superplastic deformation of a magnesium alloy (Mg + 1.5% Mn + 0.3% Ce) is investigated by diffraction electron microscopy. The presence of linear defects, extrinsic grain-boundary dislocations (EGBD), is established, whose density depends weakly upon the degree of extension but sharply increases with increasing strain rate. The scheme of the development of sliding according to which the interaction of lattice dislocations with grain boundaries increases their defectiveness, is proposed based on an analysis of the nature and behaviour of EGBD. In such non-equilibrium boundaries kinetic processes activate and grain-boundary sliding is facilitated. [Russian Text Ignored].
GaAs FET physical modeling and optimization (1991)

The authors present a modified version of the PHYSGEN model developed by M.A. Khatibzadeh and R.J. Trew (see IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.36, p.231-238, Feb. 1988). The authors introduce three new parameters into the Khatibzadeh-Trew model. The revised model also includes the effect of the parasitic resistances on the DC characteristics. The modified model accounts for the small signal behavior of actual devices. This improved model is then incorporated into an optimization routine to allow the designer to obtain a better match to measured data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Necro-inflammatory response of pancreatic acinar cells in the pathogenesis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis (2013)

The role of pancreatic acinar cells in initiating necro-inflammatory responses during the early onset of alcoholic acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been fully evaluated. We investigated the ability of acinar cells to generate pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, including inflammasome-associated IL-18/caspase-1, and evaluated acinar cell necrosis in an animal model of AP and human samples. Rats were fed either an ethanol-containing or control diet for 14 weeks and killed 3 or 24 h after a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Inflammasome components and necro-inflammation were evaluated in acinar cells by immunofluorescence (IF), histology, and biochemical approaches. Alcohol exposure enhanced acinar cell-specific production of TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-10, as early as 3 h after LPS, whereas IL-18 and caspase-1 were evident 24 h later. Alcohol enhanced LPS-induced TNFα expression, whereas blockade of LPS signaling diminished TNFα production in vitro, indicating that the response of pancreatic acinar cells to LPS is similar to that of immune cells. Similar results were observed from acinar cells in samples from patients with acute/recurrent pancreatitis. Although morphologic examination of sub-clinical AP showed no visible signs of necrosis, early loss of pancreatic HMGB1 and increased systemic levels of HMGB1 and LDH were observed, indicating that this strong systemic inflammatory response is associated with little pancreatic necrosis. These results suggest that TLR-4-positive acinar cells respond to LPS by activating the inflammasome and producing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators during the development of mild, sub-clinical AP, and that these effects are exacerbated by alcohol injury.
Test Bench for Alignment and Optical Quality Measurement of Large-Field of View Objective (2017)

We present a metrology bench used first to help fish-eye objective sub-assembly alignment and second to measure their optical quality (MTF, WFE, EFL, distortion, field curvature) over their full field of view.
Flutter-Type Instability of a Beam Subjected to Coulomb Friction (2011)

To analyze the excitation mechanism of self-excited oscillation in a beam which is in contact with a moving floor surface, we deal with a beam subjected to Coulomb friction and theoretically predict the occurrence of self-excited oscillation through flutter-type instability. We introduced an extensible continuum model, and derived its governing equations by special Cosserat theory, which allows for the extensibility of the beam to be considered and boundary conditions. The boundary conditions on the end of the beam are unique, because the end of the beam contacts with the moving floor surface. Then, we discretized the system, analyzed the linear stability, and indicated that the flutter-type instability in the beam is produced due to the Coulomb friction and the extension of the extensibility.
Near linear-work parallel SDD solvers, low-diameter decomposition, and low-stretch subgraphs (2011)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a near linear-work parallel algorithm for solving symmetric diagonally dominant (SDD) linear systems. On input an SDD n-by-n matrix A with m non-zero entries and a vector b, our algorithm computes a vector x such that Ax - A+b ≤ ε • A+b in O(m logO(1) n log 1/ε) work and O(m1/3+θ log 1/ε) depth for any fixed θ > 0.
Information Systems Accreditation Criteria for August 2000 (2000)

Program accreditation has been a very effective mechanism for assisting in quality assurance in programs in many disciplines, particularly at the baccalaureate level. Computer Science programs have been accredited by the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) beginning in 1986. Now over 150 computer science programs are accredited and more programs seek accreditation each year [1]. Since its inception, CSAB has been interested in expanding program accreditation beyond Computer Science. With funding from a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Criteria have been developed for accreditation of programs in Information Systems. These Criteria will be presented to CSAB in July 2000 in the hope that they will approve the Criteria and authorize several pilot accreditation visits for the Fall of 2001, thereby allowing the possibility of accreditation of a few programs beginning in July 2002.
Localization of the catheters during Bilateral sampling of the inferior petrosal sinuses can impact diagnostic power? (2017)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Unsupervised speaker indexing using anchor models and automatic transcription of discussions (2003)

We present unsupervised speaker indexing combined with automatic speech recognition (ASR) for speech archives such as discussions. Our proposed indexing method is based on anchor models, by which we define a feature vector based on the similarity with speakers of a large scale speech database. Several techniques are introduced to improve discriminant ability. ASR is performed using the results of this indexing. No discussion corpus is available to train acoustic and language models. So we applied the speaker adaptation technique to the baseline acoustic model based on the indexing. We also constructed a language model by merging two models that cover different linguistic features. We achieved the speaker indexing accuracy of 93% and the significant improvement of ASR for real discussion data.
Coverage Estimation in Model Checking with Bitstate Hashing (2012)

Explicit-state model checking which is conducted by state space search has difficulty in exploring satisfactory state space because of its memory requirements. Though bitstate hashing achieves memory efficiency, it cannot guarantee complete verification. Thus, it is desirable to provide a reliability indicator such as a coverage estimate. However, the existing approaches for coverage estimation are not very accurate when a verification run covers a small portion of state space. This mainly stems from the lack of information that reflects characteristics of models. Therefore, we propose coverage estimation methods using a growth curve that approximates an increase in reached states by enlarging a bloom filter. Our approaches improve estimation accuracy by leveraging the statistics from multiple verification runs. Coverage is estimated by fitting the growth curve to these statistics. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed growth curve and the applicability of our approaches to practical models. In fact, for practical models, our approaches outperformed the conventional ones when the actual coverage is relatively low.
Unsupervised learning of supervoxel embeddings for video Segmentation (2016)

We present an algorithm for learning a feature representation for video segmentation. Standard video segmentation algorithms utilize similarity measurements in order to group related pixels. The contribution of our paper is an unsupervised method for learning the feature representation used for this similarity. The feature representation is defined over video supervoxels. An embedding framework learns a feature mapping for supervoxels in an unsupervised fashion such that supervoxels with similar context have similar embeddings. Based on the learned representation, we can merge similar supervoxels into spatio-temporal segments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this learned supervoxel embedding on standard benchmark data.
Lipoprotein heterogeneity in persons with Spinal Cord Injury: a model of prolonged sitting and restricted physical activity (2015)

Prolonged sitting and restricted physical activity in individuals with SCI had the most profound effect on the HDL-C and its lipoprotein P subclasses, but not on LDL-C, however its P subclasses were also unfavorably affected but not to the same degree. The quantification of lipoprotein P characteristics may be a potent tool for the determination of risk for CVD in persons with SCI.
VLSI implementation of 2-D discrete wavelet transform for real-time video signal processing (1997)

This paper presents the architecture and implementation of a single-chip VLSI for the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2-D DWT) decomposition. This nonseparable based architecture uses a parallel-systolic filter structure to compute all the resolution levels of the DWTs, such that the input samples can be processed at the rate of one sample per clock cycle. The chip was fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and packaged as a 48-pin DIP. For the computation of an N/spl times/N still image with a filter length L, this chip needs N/sup 2/+N clock cycles and N(2L-1) memory storage; for continuous picture such as video signal, its average computation time per picture is about N/sup 2/ only.