gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning of Pigeon UDP-galactose:β-d-Galactoside α1,4-Galactosyltransferase and UDP-galactose:β-d-Galactoside β1,4-Galactosyltransferase, Two Novel Enzymes Catalyzing the Formation of Galα1–4Galβ1–4Galβ1–4GlcNAc Sequence (2009)

We previously found that pigeon IgG possesses unique N-glycan structures that contain the Gal alpha1-4Gal beta1-4Gal beta1-4GlcNAc sequence at their nonreducing termini. This sequence is most likely produced by putative alpha1,4- and beta1,4-galactosyltransferases (GalTs), which are responsible for the biosynthesis of the Gal alpha1-4Gal and Gal beta1-4Gal sequences on the N-glycans, respectively. Because no such glycan structures have been found in mammalian glycoproteins, the biosynthetic enzymes that produce these glycans are likely to have distinct substrate specificities from the known mammalian GalTs. To study these enzymes, we cloned the pigeon liver cDNAs encoding alpha4GalT and beta4GalT by expression cloning and characterized these enzymes using the recombinant proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of pigeon alpha4GalT has 58.2% identity to human alpha4GalT and 68.0 and 66.6% identity to putative alpha4GalTs from chicken and zebra finch, respectively. Unlike human and putative chicken alpha4GalTs, which possess globotriosylceramide synthase activity, pigeon alpha4GalT preferred to catalyze formation of the Gal alpha1-4Gal sequence on glycoproteins. In contrast, the sequence of pigeon beta4GalT revealed a type II transmembrane protein consisting of 438 amino acid residues, with no significant homology to the glycosyltransferases so far identified from mammals and chicken. However, hypothetical proteins from zebra finch (78.8% identity), frogs (58.9-60.4%), zebrafish (37.1-43.0%), and spotted green pufferfish (43.3%) were similar to pigeon beta4GalT, suggesting that the pigeon beta4GalT gene was inherited from the common ancestors of these vertebrates. The sequence analysis revealed that pigeon beta4GalT and its homologs form a new family of glycosyltransferases.
An exploratory study of ad hoc query languages to databases (2003)

The authors describe an exploratory study performed to compare three different interface styles for ad hoc query to a database. Subjects with wide-ranging computer experience performed queries of varying difficulty using either an artificial, a graphical, or a natural language interface. All three interfaces were commercial products. The study revealed strengths and weaknesses of each interface and showed that interaction with the natural language interface was qualitatively different than interaction with either the graphical or artificial language systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR RADAR IDENTIFICATION (2014)

The paper presents some aspects of radar signals acquisition in the electronic intelligence (ELINT) system, the analysis of their parameters, feature extraction using linear Karhunen-Loeve transformation and applying knowledge-based techniques to the recognition of the intercepted signals. The process of final emitter identification is based on “the knowledge-based approach” which was implemented during the processing of constructing the database.
Airflow distribution in telecommunications equipment rooms (2002)

A high efficiency air conditioning system has been developed for application to telecommunications equipment rooms. The design specifically addresses the cooling characteristics of natural cooling equipment and the uneven distribution of heat in equipment rooms. The system can also flexibly accommodate different equipment layouts in the room. Excellent efficiency of natural cooling equipment is achieved through the use of chambers under a raised floor for air supply and above a suspended ceiling for air return to the cooling unit. A method of calculating the air supply/return distribution is presented to optimize the airflow distribution. It is shown that rearranging the perforated raised floor panels is a practical and economical way of delivering the exact required air volume to the room. Installing the system in some actual equipment rooms, measurements were taken of the room temperature distribution and performance of the cooling system. Satisfactory results were obtained for the volume and temperature distributions. It is further found that the volume of air circulated by the cooling unit fans can be substantially reduced compared to a conventional cooling system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oscillations in Neutral Winds Observed by GOCE (2020)

Abstract This study explores intra‐annual oscillations (IAOs) in upper thermospheric winds using GOCE cross‐track wind measurements between 70°S and 70°N. Due to the Sun‐synchronous dawn‐dusk orbit of GOCE, the cross‐contamination between seasonality and local time variations in winds is minimal, which makes it a unique space‐based data set to extract IAOs and study their latitudinal variation. Our analysis reveals that the annual (AO), semiannual (SAO), and terannual (TAO) oscillations are robust features in thermospheric winds. The AO is strongest at middle latitudes; SAO and TAO amplitudes increase with increasing latitude. The latitudinally averaged amplitudes of the AO, SAO, and TAO for dusk/dawn are 30.0/35.0, 8.5/11.3, and 6.0/6.6 m/s, respectively. The phase of AO reverses around the equator. SAO and TAO phases vary with latitude but do not reverse like the AO. For both the SAO and TAO, the average phase at dusk and dawn differs by ∼ 30 days.
Endogenous Type D Retrovirus in a Marsupial, the Common Brushtail Possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) (2001)

We have sequenced and characterized an endogenous type D retrovirus, which we have named TvERV(D), from the genome of an Australian marsupial, the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Intact TvERV(D) gag, pro, pol, and env open reading frames were detected in the possum genome. TvERV(D) was classified as a type D retrovirus, most closely related to those of Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and mice, based on phylogenetic analyses and genetic organization. Approximately 30 TvERV(D) proviruses are present in the genomes of possums, as detected by Southern hybridization. However, variability in fragment patterns between possums was observed and suggests recent (or ongoing) retrotranspositional activity.
Contact Lens-Induced Peripheral Ulcers with Extended Wear of Disposable Hydrogel Lenses (1999)

The white crystalline precipitate formed on the corneal surface after topical administration of 0.3% ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution exhibited bacterial inhibitory activity, indicating that the precipitate may function as a drug depot.
Supplementary Material for: Reducing the Harmful Effects of Infrared Radiation on the Skin Using Bicosomes Incorporating β-Carotene (2016)

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> In this work the effect of infrared (IR) radiation, at temperatures between 25 and 30°C, on the formation of free radicals (FRs) in the skin is studied. Additionally, the influence of IR radiation at high temperatures in the degradation of skin collagen is evaluated. In both experiments the protective effect against IR radiation of phospholipid nanostructures (bicosomes) incorporating β-carotene (Bcb) is also evaluated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The formation of FRs in skin under IR exposure was measured near physiological temperatures (25-30°C) using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trap and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The study of the collagen structure was performed by small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> EPR results showed an increase in the hydroxyl radical in the irradiated skin compared to the native skin. The skin collagen was degraded by IR exposure at high temperatures of approximately 65°C. The treatment with Bcb reduced the formation of FRs and kept the structure of collagen. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The formation of FRs by IR radiation does not depend on the increase of skin temperature. The decrease of FRs and the preservation of collagen fibers in the skin treated with Bcb indicate the potential of this lipid system to protect skin under IR exposure.
A design method for 1-out-of-4 encoded low-power self-timed circuits using standard cell libraries (2008)

In this paper, we propose a design method for low-power self-timed combinational circuits and latches based on the 1-out-of-4 encoding method. We propose a 1-out-of-4 latch circuit using standard cell libraries in order to establish a semi-custom low-power self-timed design style. The energy consumption of the proposed circuits is about 18% average smaller than that of conventional dual-rail encoded circuits.
An integrated "4-phase" approach for setting endocrine disruption screening priorities--phase I and II predictions of estrogen receptor binding affinity (2002)

Recent legislation mandates the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a screening and testing program for potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), of which xenoestrogens figure prominently. Under the legislation, a large number of chemicals will undergo various in vitro and in vivo assays for their potential estrogenicity, as well as other hormonal activities. There is a crucial need for priority setting before this strategy can be effectively implemented. Here we report an integrated computational approach to priority setting using estrogen receptor (ER) binding as an example. This approach rationally integrates different predictive computational models into a "Four-Phase" scheme so that it can effectively identify potential estrogenic EDCs based on their predicted ER relative binding affinity (RBA). The system has been validated using an in-house ER binding assay dataset for 232 chemicals that was designed to have both broad structural diversity and a wide range of binding affinities. When applied to 58,000 chemicals identified by Walker et al. as candidates for endocrine disruption screening, some 9100 chemicals were predicted to bind to ER. Of these, only 3600 were expected to bind to ER at RBA values up to 100,000-fold less than that of 17beta-estradiol. The method ruled out 83% of the chemicals as non-binders with a very low rate of false negatives. We believe that the same integrated scheme will be equally applicable to endpoints of other endocrine disrupting mechanisms, e.g. androgen receptor binding.
What Litigation of a Climate Nuisance Suit Might Look Like (2012)

In American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut (AEP), the Supreme Court explicitly left ajar the door to litigation under state (as opposed to federal) common law for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Some plaintiffs' lawyers are also arguing that the decision leaves room for seeking money damages (rather than injunctive relief) even in a federal common law case.\nFor purposes of this Article, let's imagine a world in which the courthouse doors are swung open to common law claims for damages for GHG emissions, and the courts have rejected all defenses based on displacement, preemption, political question, and standing. In other words, the plaintiffs finally are able to litigate the merits. What would that litigation look like?\nBecause I have spent thirty years as a practicing environmental litigator (sometimes acting for plaintiffs, sometimes for defendants) prior to entering academia, my head swims with the challenges such a case would pose. Most of the voluminous commentary on the common law GHG cases looks at the threshold issues; let's now peer across the threshold and see what's on the other side. What we'll find is an extraordinary number of open questions that would face the parties and the courts; in this Article I attempt to enumerate them, without undertaking the daunting task of answering them.
Scaling behavior of the activated conductivity in a quantum Hall liquid (1993)

We propose a scaling model for the universal longitudinal conductivity near the mobility edge for the integer quantum Hall liquid. We fit our model with available experimental data on exponentially activated conductance near the Landau-level tails in the integer quantum Hall regime. We obtain quantitative agreement between our scaling model and the experimental data over a wide temperature and magnetic field range.
Manager's Guide to Contingency Planning for Disasters: Protecting Vital Facilities and Critical Operations (1999)

Defining the Problem Awareness and Education Project Planning Business Impact Analysis Implementation Strategy Plan Development: The Myers Process Maintenance, Education, and Testing Guidelines for Internal Consultants and Consulting Firms Appendices Glossary Index.
Huntington's disease age-of-onset linked to polyglutamine aggregation nucleation (2002)

In Huntington's Disease and related expanded CAG repeat diseases, a polyglutamine [poly(Gln)] sequence containing 36 repeats in the corresponding disease protein is benign, whereas a sequence with only 2–3 additional glutamines is associated with disease risk. Above this threshold range, longer repeat lengths are associated with earlier ages-of-onset. To investigate the biophysical basis of these effects, we studied the in vitro aggregation kinetics of a series of poly(Gln) peptides. We find that poly(Gln) peptides in solution at 37°C undergo a random coil to β-sheet transition with kinetics superimposable on their aggregation kinetics, suggesting the absence of soluble, β-sheet-rich intermediates in the aggregation process. Details of the time course of aggregate growth confirm that poly(Gln) aggregation occurs by nucleated growth polymerization. Surprisingly, however, and in contrast to conventional models of nucleated growth polymerization of proteins, we find that the aggregation nucleus is a monomer. That is, nucleation of poly(Gln) aggregation corresponds to an unfavorable protein folding reaction. Using parameters derived from the kinetic analysis, we estimate the difference in the free energy of nucleus formation between benign and pathological length poly(Gln)s to be less than 1 kcal/mol. We also use the kinetic parameters to calculate predicted aggregation curves for very low concentrations of poly(Gln) that might obtain in the cell. The repeat-length-dependent differences in predicted aggregation lag times are in the same range as the length-dependent age-of-onset differences in Huntington's disease, suggesting that the biophysics of poly(Gln) aggregation nucleation may play a major role in determining disease onset.
Iodination of anilines and phenols with 18-crown-6 supported ICl2− (2011)

A highly crystalline iodinating reagent, {[K·18-C-6]ICl(2)}(n), was synthesized in high yield (93%). The trihalide is supported by an 18-crown-6 macrocycle and forms a coordination polymer in the solid state. This reagent iodinates anilines and phenols efficiently under mild conditions. Controlled mono-iodination with anilines was easily achieved while poly-iodination was observed with phenols.
The effect of an inconsistent breathing amplitude on the relationship between an external marker and internal lung deformation in a porcine model (2010)

The results of these two studies indicate that inconsistency in the amplitude of breathing disrupted the correspondence between the motion of the external marker and internal anatomies. As a consequence, radiation therapy of tumors embedded in lung tissue may be prone to significant errors if inconsistent breathing amplitudes occur during treatment.
Association Mapping across Numerous Traits Reveals Patterns of Functional Variation in Maize (2014)

Phenotypic variation in natural populations results from a combination of genetic effects, environmental effects, and gene-by-environment interactions. Despite the vast amount of genomic data becoming available, many pressing questions remain about the nature of genetic mutations that underlie functional variation. We present the results of combining genome-wide association analysis of 41 different phenotypes in ~5,000 inbred maize lines to analyze patterns of high-resolution genetic association among of 28.9 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ~800,000 copy-number variants (CNVs). We show that genic and intergenic regions have opposite patterns of enrichment, minor allele frequencies, and effect sizes, implying tradeoffs among the probability that a given polymorphism will have an effect, the detectable size of that effect, and its frequency in the population. We also find that genes tagged by GWAS are enriched for regulatory functions and are ~50% more likely to have a paralog than expected by chance, indicating that gene regulation and neofunctionalization are strong drivers of phenotypic variation. These results will likely apply to many other organisms, especially ones with large and complex genomes like maize.
Copper Dissolution Behavior in Acidic Iodate Solutions (2000)

Copper dissolution was investigated using electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic scans and electrochemical quartz crystal analysis. The adsorption of iodate on a copper surface depends on the solution pH and the concentration of iodate. IO3- behaves both as an oxidizer and a passivating agent for copper dissolution. At low IO3- concentrations, IO3- acts more like an oxidizer while it passivates the copper surface at higher concentrations. The copper dissolution rate decreases with increasing solution pH and increases with increasing concentration of potassium iodate up to 1 wt %. The dissolution rate does not change significantly when the potassium iodate concentration is >1 wt %. A strong adsorption of IO3- ions on a copper surface has been observed at higher solution pH's and higher iodate concentrations. This may be ascribed to the formation of a thin film of Cu(IO3)2 due to the high surface Cu2+ concentration and higher concentration of IO3- adjacent to the copper surface.
Aerodynamic analysis of a flap-based deployable re-entry system in different flight conditions (2023)

Atmospheric re-entry is a crucial part of any space mission with recovery and landing requirements and for deep space missions involving the exploration of other celestial bodies in the solar system. Among the most innovative re-entry technologies developed over the years, deployable re-entry systems represent a research topic of increasing interest because of their ability to reduce the ballistic coefficient of the capsule, without exceeding the volumetric constraints. At the same time, they may raise the probability of collisions in low Earth orbit, thus its design needs to minimize the compound risk by substantially reducing the time to re-enter or enter. The current work perfectly fits in this scenario, focusing on a re-entry satellite based on a 16U CubeSat equipped with an umbrella-like, deployable heat shield, designed to be deployed before the re-entry phase. An aerodynamic control system based on eight flaps allows to control the descent trajectory and improves the precision targeting of the landing place. The aerodynamic behavior of the device in different conditions along the re-entry trajectory is investigated. A challenge is represented for those flight conditions corresponding to high values of altitude where Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has several limitations. As a result, a molecular-based approach is mandatory for the aerodynamic treatment of the initial re-entry phase in the upper atmosphere due to gas rarefaction and thermal non-equilibrium. In the current work, the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method is employed to carry out simulations using dsmcFoam+, developed by the University of Glasgow in collaboration with other researchers. The code is used to estimate aerodynamic coefficients and flow field evolution at those altitudes where CFD does not give satisfying results anymore. An analysis of an altitude condition of 100 km with both methodologies brought to light a comparable flow field evolution with very close values of stagnation pressure. Concerning the drag coefficient, the CFD simulation overestimated it by about 11 % with respect to DSMC. The work showed the reliability of CFD up to certain values of altitude and the necessity to use DSMC in the upper part of the atmosphere to get more realistic results.
Solvent-dependent self-assembly and ordering in slow-drying drop-cast conjugated polymer films (2015)

The mechanistic understanding of the intrinsic molecular self-assembly of conjugated polymers is of immense importance to control the microstructure development in organic semiconducting thin films, with a meaningful impact on charge transport and optoelectronic properties.
Analysis of Mass Transport and Ohmic Limitations in Through‐Hole Plating (1988)

Fluid flow, mass transfer, and ohmic resistance are analyzed in through‐hole plating of multilayer printed circuit boards. The analysis indicates that in holes with high aspect ratios plated under practical conditions, the ohmic rather than the mass transport resistance imposes the critical limitation on the current density at which through‐holes may be uniformly plated. An ohmically limited current density is quantitatively identified as a function of the hole dimensions, the conductivity, and the deposition kinetics. It is shown that the ohmic limitation is highly sensitive to the hole dimensions, especially its length. The maximum current density which provides deposits of acceptable uniformity can be increased by increasing the electrolyte conductivity, the electrode polarization, or by modifying the hole geometry.
Predictors of Sick Sinus Syndrome in Patients after Successful Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Flutter (2014)

A history of ASD and CABG as well as longer flutter CL increased the risk of SSS after AFL ablation. While half of the patients with SSS after AFL ablation experienced transient SSS, heart failure was associated with irreversible SSS.
Efficient organic light-emitting diode using semitransparent silver as anode (2005)

A semitransparent silver layer is investigated as the anode for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). By pretreating the silver layer in a CF4 plasma, hole injection into the hole-transport layer is greatly enhanced. A bottom-emitting OLED using the modified, semitransparent silver anode, demonstrates improved current density-voltage characteristics and a 20% higher external quantum efficiency, compared to a conventional OLED using indium tin oxide as an anode. The superior optical characteristics are attributed to a higher outcoupling efficiency in the microcavity structure.
New compact bandpass filter using microstrip /spl lambda//4 resonators with open stub inverter (2000)

A novel bandpass filter using microstrip quarter-wavelength resonators is proposed. The proposed filter consists of the open stub inverter between quarter-wavelength resonators, which results in a compact design as well as low loss. The tapped open stub not only works as a K-inverter but also introduces an attenuation pole. The attenuation pole can be located at the upper or lower side of the passband by adjusting the open stub length. A two-pole Chebyshev bandpass filter is designed and tested at 1.99 GHz. A four-pole bandpass filter of elliptic-type performance is also designed and tested at 2.015 GHz.
Spontaneous closure of enterovaginal fistula caused by a neglected foreign body (1994)

The problem of a foreign body left in the operative field is rarely discussed in the medical literature despite the multiple complications it might cause. The purpose of this article is to report on a patient who developed an enterovaginal fistula secondary to a pack left in the pelvis to temponade post-hysterectomy bleeding. The fistula closed spontaneously after three months of expectant management. Expectant management of enterovaginal fistulae is feasible. Adequate reporting of the operative procedures performed and the use of tagged sponges is a must.