gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O1‐07‐02: LONGITUDINAL VOLUMETRIC AND DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING IN FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2014)

Cross-sectional studies of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutation carriers (MCs) have demonstrated presymptomatic amyloid deposition, volumetric and diffusivity changes in the thalamus and caudate. Less is known about the temporal evolution of imaging changes in these subcortical structures and connecting white matter tracts. 29 asymptomatic individuals at risk of FAD underwent volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at baseline and one-year. Thalamus and caudate were segmented from the T1 images using a multi-atlas segmentation technique (based on registered Hammers atlases). A diffusion tensor model was fitted to the diffusion-weighted imaging, and registered to the T1 image,allowing assessment of volume, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in these regions. Longitudinal DT images were co-registered using tensor-based registration to examine FA, MD, axial and radial diffusivity (AD and RD) in the cingulum and fornix (ICBM-DTI-81 atlas). Whole brain and ventricular volumes were segmented using semi-automated techniques and atrophy/expansion rates calculated using the boundary shift integral. Linear regression, adjusting for age and gender, was used to assess differences in the imaging measures and their mean rates of change between MC and non-carrier groups. The cohort comprised 12 mutation-negative participants and 17 MCs, six of whom reported symptoms at follow-up. MCs were on average 6.7 years younger than their parental age at symptom onset. MCs had smaller thalamic volumes bilaterally at baseline and follow-up, but there was little evidence for a difference in the rate of change over this interval. There was weak evidence for higher FA in bilateral thalamus and decreased AD in right cingulum at baseline and follow-up and lower right thalamic MD at baseline in MCs. When examined separately, MCs who became symptomatic had higher thalamic FA at follow-up than MCs who remained asymptomatic but both MC groups had smaller thalamic volumes than non-carriers. No significant group differences were evident for other imaging measures. Lower thalamic volumes and altered diffusivity were evident in FAD MCs compared to non-carriers at a stage when whole brain volumes and atrophy rates were similar. Thalamic FA in particular merits further investigation as a marker of early disease progression in larger FAD cohorts.
Sparse Generative Adversarial Network (2019)

We propose a new approach to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to achieve an improved performance with additional robustness to its so-called and well-recognized mode collapse. We first proceed by mapping the desired data onto a frame-based space for a sparse representation to lift any limitation of small support features prior to learning the structure. To that end, we start by dividing an image into multiple patches and modifying the role of the generative network from producing an entire image, at once, to creating a sparse representation vector for each image patch. We synthesize an entire image by multiplying generated sparse representations to a pre-trained dictionary and assembling the resulting patches. This approach restricts the output of the generator to a particular structure, obtained by imposing a Union of Subspaces (UoS) model to the original training data, leading to more realistic images, while maintaining a desired diversity. To further regularize GANs in generating high-quality images and to avoid the notorious mode-collapse problem, we introduce a third player in GANs, called reconstructor. This player utilizes an auto-encoding scheme to ensure that first, the input-output relation in the generator is injective and second each real image corresponds to some input noise. We present a number of experiments, where the proposed algorithm shows a remarkably higher inception score compared to the equivalent conventional GANs.
Carbide Composite Coating On Steel By Laser Surface Engineering (2003)

An iron based surface composite consisting of TiC and chromium carbides (Cr 7 C 3 , M 7 C 3 where M=Cr, Fe) was produced in-situ on the surface of 1010 steel by laser treatment. The carbide composite surface layer hard carbide particles embedded in the steel matrix and can be applied to structures requiring resistance to wear and corrosion. AISI 1010 is plain carbon steel with a nominal carbon content of about 0.10%, has good formability and ductility but has relatively low hardness and is not suitable for applications requiring wear resistance. Hence, a laser-based technique was employed to achieve microstructural changes by surface alloying for enhancement of surface properties. The surface modification of materials using lasers has led to the development of coatings with rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of crystalline and amorphous and phases [1,2]. Such microstructures inherently have superior wear and corrosion properties than those obtained by conventional surface treatment. The steel substrate was sprayed with a powder mixture containing Cr, Ti, C and Fe. A 2 kW Hobart continuous wave Nd: YAG laser equipped with fiber optic beam delivery system was employed for laser treatment of the deposited samples The entire surface of the sample was laser treated with overlapping stripe of laser tracks. Extremely high cooling rates of 10 3 -10 8 K/ sec associated with the laser processes greatly refine the microstructure [3]. Such cooling rates also produced metastable phases (martensite) in coating and a heat-affected region.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (2013)

The chapter begins with a discussion on growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults. The goals of GH therapy differ in children and adults. The chapter lists the causes of childhood-onset GHD as well as adult-onset GHD. GHD occurs when the pituitary gland is unable to produce sufficient quantities of GH to carry out its growth and metabolic tasks. Presently, the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)+arginine are considered the best tests to diagnose GHD. The chapter briefly discusses topics relevant to GHD in children and adolescents, such as recombinant human growth hormone treatment. It ends with a discussion on pituitary hormone replacement in women. Topics discussed include treatment of adrenocortotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency, treatment of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency, gonadotroph deficiency, androgen replacement, GH replacement therapy, and vasopressin replacement therapy.
Plasmonic light trapping for thin film A-SI:H solar cells (2010)

Here we discuss the design, fabrication, and simulation of ultrathin film n-i-p a-Si:H solar cells incorporating light trapping plasmonic back reflectors which exceed the performance of n-i-p cells on randomly textured Asahi substrates. The periodic patterns are made via an inexpensive and scalable nanoimprint method, and are structured directly into the metallic back contact. Compared to reference cells with randomly textured back contacts and flat back contacts, the patterned cells exhibit higher short-circuit current densities and improved overall efficiencies than either reference case. Angle-resolved photocurrent measurements confirm that the enhanced photocurrents are due to coupling to waveguide modes of the cell. Electromagnetic modeling is shown to agree well with measurements, and used to understand further details of the device.
Robust Digital Holography For Ultracold Atom Trapping (2012)

We have formulated and experimentally demonstrated an improved algorithm for design of arbitrary two-dimensional holographic traps for ultracold atoms. Our method builds on the best previously available algorithm, MRAF, and improves on it in two ways. First, it allows for creation of holographic atom traps with a well defined background potential. Second, we experimentally show that for creating trapping potentials free of fringing artifacts it is important to go beyond the Fourier approximation in modelling light propagation. To this end, we incorporate full Helmholtz propagation into our calculations.
Diphenyl ether herbicides: mutagenic metabolites and photoproducts of nitrofen (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiphenyl ether herbicides: mutagenic metabolites and photoproducts of nitrofenWilliam M. Draper and John E. CasidaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 2, 227–231Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00116a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00116a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BubbleWrap (2009)

We are investigating actuators that are able to provide different types of haptic sensations and that can be wrapped around a wide range of surfaces and objects. Our first prototype, BubbleWrap, consists of a matrix of electromagnetic actuators, enclosed in fabric, with individually controllable cells that expand and contract. It provides both active haptic feedback, using vibration, as well passive haptic feedback, using shape and firmness. An initial experiment demonstrated that users could reliably discriminate among the three firmness levels displayed on our prototype.
Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With a Unibody Stent-Graft: 3-Year Results of the French Powerlink Multicenter Trial (2005)

Endovascular repair using the bifurcated Powerlink stent-graft is safe and effective. Unibody design seems to confer advantages in terms of durability. These results need to be confirmed by longer follow-up and larger series.
Applied Dynamic Programming (1962)

This comprehensive study of dynamic programming applied to numerical solution of optimization problems. It will interest aerodynamic, control, and industrial engineers, numerical analysts, and computer specialists, applied mathematicians, economists, and operations and systems analysts. Originally published in 1962. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Selective encapsulation of a chloride anion in a 1H-pyrazole Cu2+ metallocage (2021)

A self-assembled metallobox from copper(ii) and two macrocycles containing 1H-pyrazole ligands has been prepared. The internal cavity of the box is able to selectively encapsulate a single chloride anion over any other halide anion.
The role of non-coding RNAs in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers (2021)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors, are responsible for large numbers of deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is the most common approach used to treat advanced GI cancer. However, chemoresistance has emerged as a critical challenge that prevents successful tumor elimination, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Chemoresistance mechanisms are complex, and many factors and pathways are involved. Among these factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of GI tumor development and subsequently can induce resistance to chemotherapy. This occurs because ncRNAs can target multiple signaling pathways, affect downstream genes, and modulate proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and autophagy. ncRNAs can also induce cancer stem cell features and affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, ncRNAs could possibly act as new targets in chemotherapy combinations to treat GI cancer and to predict treatment response.
Intratracheal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates Escherichia coli-induced acute lung injury in mice (2011)

Intratracheal transplantation of UCB-derived MSCs attenuates E. coli-induced ALI primarily by down-modulating the inflammatory process and enhancing bacterial clearance.
The origin of high activity but low CO2 selectivity on binary PtSn in the direct ethanol fuel cell (2014)

The most active binary PtSn catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cell applications has been studied at 20 °C and 60 °C, using variable temperature electrochemical in situ FTIR. In comparison with Pt, binary PtSn inhibits ethanol dissociation to CO(a), but promotes partial oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetic acid. Increasing the temperature from 20 °C to 60 °C facilitates both ethanol dissociation to CO(a) and then further oxidation to CO2, leading to an increased selectivity towards CO2; however, acetaldehyde and acetic acid are still the main products. Potential-dependent phase diagrams for surface oxidants of OH(a) formation on Pt(111), Pt(211) and Sn modified Pt(111) and Pt(211) surfaces have been determined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is shown that Sn promotes the formation of OH(a) with a lower onset potential on the Pt(111) surface, whereas an increase in the onset potential is found upon modification of the (211) surface. In addition, Sn inhibits the Pt(211) step edge with respect to ethanol C-C bond breaking compared with that found on the pure Pt, which reduces the formation of CO(a). Sn was also found to facilitate ethanol dehydrogenation and partial oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetic acid which, combined with the more facile OH(a) formation on the Pt(111) surface, gives us a clear understanding of the experimentally determined results. This combined electrochemical in situ FTIR and DFT study provides, for the first time, an insight into the long-term puzzling features of the high activity but low CO2 production found on binary PtSn ethanol fuel cell catalysts.
The Total Synthesis of(-)-Aromadendrene (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Total Synthesis of(-)-AromadendreneG. Büchi, W. Hofheinz, and Joseph V. PaukstelisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 17, 4113–4114Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00969a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00969a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1123Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Material for: Androgen Regulates Dimorphic F-Actin Assemblies in the Genital Organogenesis (2017)

Impaired androgen activity induces defective sexual differentiation of the male reproductive tract, including hypospadias, an abnormal formation of the penile urethra. Androgen signaling in the urethral mesenchyme cells (UMCs) plays essential roles in driving dimorphic urethral development. However, cellular events for sexual differentiation remain virtually unknown. In this study, histological analyses, fluorescent staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to reveal the cellular dimorphisms of UMCs. F-actin dynamics and migratory behaviors of UMCs were further analyzed by time-lapse imaging. We observed a prominent accumulation of F-actin with poorly assembled extracellular matrix (ECM) in female UMCs. In contrast, thin fibrils of F-actin co-aligning with the ECM through membrane receptors were identified in male UMCs. Processes for dimorphic F-actin assemblies were temporally identified during an androgen-regulated masculinization programming window and spatially distributed in several embryonic reproductive tissues. Stage-dependent modulation of the F-actin sexual patterns by androgen in UMCs was also demonstrated by time-lapse analysis. Moreover, androgen regulates coordinated migration of UMCs. These results suggest that androgen signaling regulates the assembly of F-actin from cytoplasmic accumulation to membranous fibrils. Such alteration appears to promote the ECM assembly and the mobility of UMCs, contributing to male type genital organogenesis.
Implementation of Collision Warning Service Simulator Based on V2V Communications (2018)

본 논문은 차량 간 통신에 기반 한 충돌 경고 안전서비스의 성능 평가를 위해 V2V(Vehicular to Vehicular) 무선통신의 채널 특성, WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments)의 물리 계층과 매체접근제어 계층 특성, 어플리케이션 계층에서의 충돌 경고 알고리즘을 모두 고려한 다 계층 통합 시뮬레이터를 구현하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 구현된 시뮬레이터가 차량의 밀도와 속도에 의한 충돌 경고 안전서비스의 성능 변화를 개별 계층의 특성과 성능을 통합하여 분석할 수 있음을 보인다.
Gas Phase NMR for the Study of Chemical Reactions: Kinetics and Product Identification (2016)

NMR spectroscopy is a uniquely convenient and information-rich tool for the study of chemical reactions in the gas phase. This report discusses strategies employed to address the special experimental challenges posed by elevated pressure and temperature, and the spectroscopic peculiarities of the gas phase. The extensive literature on the application of gas phase NMR to the study of reaction kinetics (consisting of 11 publications) is surveyed. A study of the gaseous decomposition of di-tert-butyl peroxide, as conducted with modern instrumentation and software, is described in detail. The report concludes with a summary of recent work applying two-dimensional NMR correlation and diffusion experiments to gaseous analytes.
Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis for the treatment of Lichtman stage 3B Kienböck disease (2005)

We evaluated the results clinically and radiologically of 10 cases of Lichtman stage 3B Kienböck disease treated by scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) arthrodesis alone. We retrospectively reviewed pain, range of movement, grip strength, and physical examination of the wrist as well as subjective satisfaction. We measured carpal height ratio and radioscaphoid angle. The median follow-up period was 53 months (range 10-109). At final evaluation, eight patients reported no pain and two had mild pain. Median range of movement was 60degrees(range 45-70degrees) in extension, 33degrees (range 20-45degrees) in flexion without appreciable loss. Grip strength had improved considerably. Employed patients went back to work within four months. The median final radioscaphoid angle was 67degrees (range 55-81degrees). STT arthrodesis done properly for the right indications for Lichtman stage 3B Kienböck disease achieves quick relief of pain and excellent function of the wrist.
Application and Analysis of Simultaneous Near Bit and Surface Dynamics Measurements (2001)

Summary Axial, torsional, and bending vibrations are all present in a bottomhole assembly (BHA) while drilling. The dynamic response of the BHA depends on many variables, such as drilling parameters, BHA design, hole condition and inclination, and formation properties. Events, such as bit bounce, forward and backward whirl of the BHA and the bit, and drillstring resonance can occur during drilling. Some of these events are very detrimental and can cause drillstring component failures, twist-offs, etc. This paper deals with the analysis of measured drilling vibration data from a field test that used both downhole- and surfacevibration measurement devices. Surface sensors included dynamic axial and torsional strain gauges and accelerometers and a singleaxis magnetometer, all mounted in the drillstring above the rotary table. Downhole sensors included an axial accelerometer, two orthogonal bending-moment strain gauges, dynamic weight-on-bit (WOB) and torque strain gauges, and two orthogonal magnetometers, mounted in a measurement while drilling (MWD) sub. The field test involved several drilling runs that included drilling and reaming with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and tricone bits in rotary and motor assemblies. The analysis described in this paper involves the determination of axial and torsional wave velocities in the drillstring; their use in predicting resonant frequencies; a comparison of predicted and measured resonant frequencies; inference of downhole dynamics with surface measurements (surface noise cancellation), including a comparison of results with measured downhole data; an example of the detection of BHA whirl with downhole data; an example of the detection of bit bounce with downhole axial data; and an examination of precession of the trilobed bottomhole pattern generated by a tricone bit. The advantages of using either surface or downhole dynamic measurements in identifying different drilling problems are demonstrated as well as the inference of downhole dynamics with surface measurements. Once drilling dynamics problems are identified, remedial action can be taken to reduce tool and bit failures while drilling, thus optimizing the drilling process.
Stability of polarization vortices in self-focusing Kerr media (2007)

We investigate the collapse dynamics and polarization stability of radially and azimuthally polarized vortex beams in Kerr media. The beams break up into distinct collapsing filaments with the initial local polarization distribution being maintained.