gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of combination of short lecture and group discussion on the learning of physiology by nonmajor undergraduates (2022)

This study assessed the impact of an "active learning" strategy employed alone or in combination with traditional lectures on the learning of mammalian physiology by undergraduate students. The study investigated the impact of three teaching strategies, namely <i>1</i>) traditional lecture, <i>2</i>) group discussion alone, and <i>3</i>) combination of lecture and group discussion. For all strategies, students were given homework in a textbook and they completed written assignments before each session. Every student led the discussion of at least one assigned theme during each group session. The students had no access to the textbook or notes during group discussions. Four examinations (3 in-semester and a final) assessed the students' knowledge of fundamental concepts of physiology of specific organ systems. Part of the final examination reassessed knowledge of previously tested topics. The results show that the teaching modality employed to introduce physiology topics influenced students' learning. The average marginal effect of the lecture + discussion modality (average improvement linked to lecture + discussion strategy) on students' performance was 6.45% [95% confidence interval (CI<sub>95</sub>) (4.73, 8.16), <i>P</i> = 1.74 × 10<sup>-13</sup>], and the average improvement associated with the discussion-only modality was 5.5% [CI<sub>95</sub> (3.84, 7.16), <i>P</i> = 7.84 × 10<sup>-11</sup>]. On average, all class ranks performed better on materials covered under active learning settings than under lecture-only conditions. Moreover, students' performance under combined lecture and discussion conditions is predictive of their overall performance in the course. The results support the positive effect of student-centered learning and demonstrate the efficacy of a combination of lectures and group discussions on learning of physiology by nonmajor students.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of group discussion on the learning of mammalian physiology by nonmajor undergraduate students. Combining traditional lectures with group discussions increased the active participation of students in class and improved their learning of physiology, as measured by the results of in-semester and final examinations. The active learning technique benefited all class ranks on average.
Time‐ and State‐Dependent Input Delay‐Compensated Bang‐Bang Control of a Screw Extruder for 3D Printing (2017)

Summary In this paper, a delay‐compensated bang‐bang control design methodology for the control of the nozzle output flow rate of screw extruder‐based three‐dimensional printing processes is developed. A geometrical decomposition of the screw extruder in a partially and a fully filled regions allows to describe the material convection in the extruder chamber by a one‐dimensional hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) coupled with an ordinary differential equation. After solving the hyperbolic PDE by the method of characteristics, the coupled PDE–ordinary differential equation's system is transformed into a nonlinear state‐dependent input delay system. The aforementioned delay system is extended to the non‐isothermal case with the consideration of periodic fluctuations acting on the material's convection speed, which represent the process variabilities due to temperature changes in the extruder chamber, resulting to a nonlinear system with an input delay that simultaneously depends on the state and the time variable. Global exponential stability of the nonlinear delay‐free plant is established under a piecewise exponential feedback controller that is designed. By combining the nominal, piecewise exponential feedback controller with nonlinear predictor feedback, the compensation of the time‐dependent and state‐dependent input delay of the extruder model is achieved. Global asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system under the bang‐bang predictor feedback control law is established when certain conditions related to the extruder design and the material properties, as well as to the magnitude and frequency of the materials transport speed variations, are satisfied. Simulations results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Marching Forward into the Past: Description of a Prose Course (1970)

Most, though probably not all, genre or survey courses offered by FL departments are inclined to begin with the earliest work or author and to move up through the various periods or schools until they reach the modern or present-day works. It is our wont to define or describe each period in terms of its predecessors. These facts might prompt one to ask-with Marshall McLuhan-whether we are not marching backward into the future. One could then ask, as I did when preparing my prose course for this past semester, why not reverse this procedure; why not begin with the most recent work and move back to the oldest? What follows is a brief description of my course. Before I describe the course, however, I should perhaps list a few of the basic premises or observations upon which it was predicated.
Hemiarthroplasty: A histological and scanning electron microscope study (1974)

Abstract The membrane surrounding the hip joint containing metal endoprostheses were examined in 20 patients using histology and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). No synovial cells were found. The capsule was dense fibrous tissue, covered at the surface with an amorphous membrane of doubtful composition. Several questions have been raised, such as the role of synovial cells in cartilage nutrition, the nature of the fluid in these joints, and secretion into and absorption out of the artificial joint.
Abstract C159: A human monoclonal antibody targeting the stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) blocks tumor cell signaling and inhibits tumor growth. (2013)

Abstract Stem cell factor receptor also known as c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates cell growth, survival, and differentiation signals in response to its ligand stem cell factor (SCF). Aberrant c-Kit expression and/or activation through mutations or autocrine/paracrine signaling mechanisms occur in various malignancies and promote tumor development. Specific therapeutic targeting of c-Kit in cancer is warranted given its cancer role. In this study, we characterize the biological properties of CK6, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the extracellular region of human c-Kit. CK6 specifically binds human c-Kit receptor with high affinity (EC50= 0.06nM) and strongly blocks its interaction with SCF (IC50= 0.41nM) in solid phase assays. Flow cytometry shows CK6 binding to the cell surface of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), melanoma, leukemia, and other human c-Kit expressing tumor cell lines. Furthermore, exposure to CK6 inhibits SCF stimulation of c-Kit tyrosine kinase activity and downstream signaling pathways in these tumor cell lines. Reduced levels of phosphorylated c-Kit, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B/Akt were observed. Given these findings, we evaluated the antitumor growth efficacy of CK6 in several human xenograft tumor models in vivo. CK6 monotherapy treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth of NCI-H526 SCLC (T/C%= 50) and Malme-3M Melanoma (T/C%= 58) xenograft models. The combination of CK6 with standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy agents, cisplatin and etoposide for SCLC or dacarbazine for melanoma, led to enhanced tumor growth inhibition (SCLC T/C%= 12; melanoma T/C%= 38) compared to CK6 monotherapy or SOC alone. In summary, our results demonstrate that CK6 is a c-Kit antagonist antibody with tumor growth neutralizing properties and are highly suggestive of potential therapeutic application in treating human cancers harboring c-Kit receptor. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C159. Citation Format: Maria Lebron, Laura Brennan, Chris Damoci, Marie Prewett, Marina Starodubtseva, Michael Amatulli, Yiwei Zhang, Douglas Burtrum, Paul Balderes, Kris Persaud, David Surguladze, Nick Loizos, Keren Paz, Helen Kotanides. A human monoclonal antibody targeting the stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) blocks tumor cell signaling and inhibits tumor growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C159.
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN IRRADIATED AND NON- IRRADIATED EGYPTIAN HONEY BEES' PRODUCTS (2013)

With the rise in prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, honey is increasingly evaluated for its antibacterial activity. In this study, 25 Egyptian honey samples of different types, companies and locations were used. From each sample, numbers of aerobic bacteria were determined using the aerobic plate count technique, and identified using the gram stain technique, biochemical tests and the GEN III Microstation TM semi-automated ID system. The antimicrobial activity of non-irradiated and irradiated honey samples at different gamma radiation lethal dose levels (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15kGy) of different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) were investigated against 6 pathogenic microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans), using agar well-diffusion method. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some commonly-used antibiotic discs (Amoxicillin/ Clavulinic acid, Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim, Tobramycin, Tetracycline and Nystatin) against the tested pathogenic microorganisms were determined using the discdiffusion method. The findings indicate that the antimicrobial activity of the irradiated honey samples were greater than that of both the non-irradiated honey samples and most of the antibiotic discs. The results also showed that most of the honey samples at 100% (v/v) concentration inhibit the growth of all the tested bacteria.
Current Landscape and Trends in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (2012)

"Generic pharmaceutical marketers are increasingly keen to have a presence in generic patches as they represent high-margin, high entry-barrier opportunities with a smaller field of competition".
Expression of Endothelin Peptides and Mrna in the Human Heart (1996)

1. We have examined the expression of endothelin isoforms and their precursors in the human heart using RIA, HPLC, immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. 2. Highly specific RIAs were used to measure the levels of mature endothelin and big endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in extracts of human right ventricle. There was no significant difference between samples from patients with ischaemic heart disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. 3. HPLC coupled with RIAs allowed the separation and identification of the three mature isoforms of endothelin, big endothelin-1 and the C-terminal fragment of big endothelin-1. In extracts of human endocardial endothelial cells, peaks of immunoreactivity that co-eluted with authentic endothelin-1, big endothelin-1 and C-terminal fragment were found. 4. Intense immunocytochemical staining of mature endothelin immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of all regions of the heart tested. Big endothelin-1 immunoreactivity mirrored that of the mature peptide and, in two of three individuals tested, big endothelin-2 immunoreactivity was also detected. No big endothelin-3 immunoreactivity was detected in any of the tissues examined. 5. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 mRNA in all three samples of human left ventricle tested. In two of the individuals, additional bands were also detected with the endothelin-2 primers which corresponded to splice variants. There was no evidence for the expression of endothelin-3 mRNA. 6. These data suggest that endothelin-1 is the predominant isoform of endothelin in the human heart and is probably largely synthesized by the endothelial cells within the heart. If released from the endothelial cells in vivo, this potent cardiotonic peptide may play an important paracrine role in human cardiovascular function.
Lysosome and Cancer (2016)

Cancer development and progression induces fundamental changes in lysosomes, which in turn imposes profound effects in tumor invasion and metastasis and in sensitivity to anticancer treatments. Enhanced lysosomal hydrolase activity, lysosome trafficking, and extracellular secretion of lysosomal hydrolases are important hallmarks of invasive cancer and are associated with its metastatic capacity. This chapter presents the most central cancer-associated alterations in the function and composition of lysosomes, and discusses their importance for tumorigenesis and the possibilities they may provide for the development of anticancer treatments. It discusses the cancer-induced changes in lysosomal function and composition, and describes in detail the most important molecular changes affecting lysosomal components in connection to cancer. Oncogene-induced, decreased expression of lysosomal membrane proteins and increased expression and activity of cysteine cathepsins, especially cathepsin B, can contribute to lysosomal membrane permeabilization by sensitizing lysosomal membranes for leakage and rupture.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetra‐O‐benzylated Calix(8)arenes with C4 Symmetry. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Investigation of Spur Gear Efficiency (2007)

In this study, a test methodology was developed for measurement of spur gear efficiency under high-speed and variable torque conditions. A power-circulating test machine was designed to operate at speeds to 10,000 rpm and transmitted power levels to 700 kW. A precision torque measurement system was implemented and its accuracy and repeatability in measuring torque loss in the power loop was demonstrated. Tests were conducted on gears with two values of module, and two surface roughness levels, operating in a dry sump jet-lubrication environment with three different gear lubricants. These tests were used to quantify the influence of these parameters on load-dependent (mechanical), load-independent (spin), and total power loss. Trends in mechanical gear mesh efficiency and total gearbox efficiency were discussed in terms of rotational speed and transmitted torque. Finally, recommendations were made for the design of spur gear pairs, surface roughness, and lubricant selection for improved efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: BOTH‐FACES HINDERED PORPHYRINS. PART 3. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERNALLY FIVE‐COORDINATED IRON(II) BASKET‐HANDLE PORPHYRINS DERIVED FROM 5,10,15,20‐TETRAKIS(O‐AMINOPHENYL)PORPHYRIN (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Tetrakis‐aminophenylporphyrin (IIIa), das in leicht modifiziertem bekannten Verfahren aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) zugänglich ist, werden mit den Disäuredichloriden (IV) die an einer Seite der Porphyrinebene überbrückten (gehindenen) Derivate (IIIb) [getrennt von den ebenfalls gebildeten beidseitig überbrückten Verbindungen (IIIc)] erhalten.
LED bandwidth of multimode fibers as a function of laser bandwidth and LED spectral characteristics (1986)

Equations have been developed that relate the bandwidth performance of 62.5-μm core diameter ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NA = 0.29</tex> ) graded-index multimode fiber when measured with LED sources to the LED's spectral characteristics and to the bandwidth measured with laser sources. Because the fiber's spectral loss characteristic filters the LED's power spectrum by shifting its center wavelength and narrowing its spectral width, these equations suggest that chromatic bandwidth scales more favorably than inverse linearly with length. The equations developed here have been used to predict hundreds of LED bandwidths measured independently both in the laboratory and in field installations. With typical agreement between these predictions and the measurements having an rms error of about 11 percent, these equations allow for system design and prediction of the bandwidth performance of LED-based multimode links.
O4‐03‐06: Specific anti‐PrP mucosal and systemic response in white tail deer vaccinated with attenuated salmonella expressing deer PrP (2011)

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is epidemic in deer and elk populations in parts of North American and poses a significant threat to humans. Although there has been no human transmission documented so far, CWD has been shown by two groups to be transmissible to squirrel monkeys. The CWD agent has been found in multiple biological fluids and tissues (including blood, muscle and feces) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals. It is highly infectious in the wild among deer and elk populations, with the likely major route of infection being oral. Previously, we were the first to show that scrapie prion infection via an oral route can be prevented in model wild-type CD-1 mice by vaccination using attenuated Salmonella expressing copies of murine PrP. We have performed oral inoculations in white tail deer, using attenuated salmonella expressing deer PrP. The animals were inoculated orally three times, and three additional boosts were performed which included tonsil and rectal inoculations with the inoculum supplemented with polymerized recombinant deer PrP. Control animals were inoculated with an attenuated salmonella not carrying any foreign protein. Both groups of animals produced IgA anti-salmonella in plasma, saliva and feces. However, the vaccinated group had a low titer of anti-PrP IgG and IgA in plasma, as well as anti-PrP IgA in the saliva. Deer immunoglobulins were precipitated from plasma, saliva and feces; semi-purified and the heavy and light chains recognized in blots. The purified IgG and IgA from the plasma of a vaccinated animal reacted in Western blots strongly against polymerized PrP and salmonella antigens and to a lesser extent to monomers and dimers of mouse, sheep and deer recombinant PrP. Control deer showed a reaction only against the salmonella antigens in similar blots. Both groups were challenged with homogeneized CWD infected brains included in food bait. Our results show for the first time that a specific antibody response against the self-antigen PrP can be elicited in the biological fluids of large bovide mammals. We are expecting quantitative results of infection progression or protection, before the end of the year.
Are there different mechanisms of synchronization in the course of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) burst development in WAG/Rij rats? (2006)

In WAG/Rij rats the pair linear correlation r was calculated for bipolar recordings in fronto-temporal, fronto-occipital and occipito-temporal zones of both hemispheres as well as in paleocerebellar cortex (culmen). It was shown that development of SWD bursts resulted in interhemispheric decreases of correlation between the right occipito-temporal cortical region on one side, and left fronto-temporal on the contralateral side. Towards the end of SWD, we found an increased interhemispheric correlation between left fronto-temporal and right fronto-occipital cortical zones, as well as, between both fronto-temporal zones. Paleocerebellum correlates at a weak to moderate level during different periods of SWD burst generation.
ChemInform Abstract: RUTHENIUM‐CATALYZED HYDROGEN‐DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE IN ALCOHOLS, A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR DEUTERIUM LABELING OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS (1974)

Abstract I‐BLItanOI‐D (I) liefert in Gegenwart des Ru‐Katalysators (II) die Umlagerungsp?): dukte (IIIzi) ‐ (IIIc).
Iiodine-doping of 1,4-polybutadienes (1994)

Summary form only given. In 1988, Thakur reported that the conductivity of cis-1,4-polyisoprene can be increased by about 10 orders of magnitude by doping with iodine, and that the analogous insulator- semiconductor transition is also seen with trans-1,4-polyisoprene and trans-1,4-polybutadiene, but not with cis-1,4-polybutadiene)./sup 1/ This discovery attracted a great deal of interest, but on the other hand it generated some fundamental questions:/sup 2/ First, what is the mechanism from which the conductivity of doped rubbers arises? Second, why does cis- 1,4-polybutadiene not become electrically conductive by I/sub 2/-doping, but its trans-conterpart does? Previously, we have demonstrated that I.sub 2/-doping of cis1,4-polyisoprene produces conjugated sequences of unsaturated double bonds in the polymer backbone, which confer conductivity./sup 3,4/ Recently, we have found, using spectroscopic measurements and molecular orbital calculations, that I/sup 2/-doping of cis-1,4-polybutadiene does not lead to the formation of conjugated sequences at room temperature due to a molecularly unfavorable combination of electronic and steric interactions. In contrast, the trans-isomer / iodine can readily produces conjugated sequences. We have also studied the cis-trans isomerization on 1,4-polybutadiene in the solid state; the possibility of performing the isomerization in a patterned fashion opens up avenues for the fabrication of microelectronic devices using I/sup 2/-doped rubbers.
Transmuted Weibull Distribution: A Generalization of theWeibull Probability Distribution (2011)

In this article, the two parameter Weibull probability distribution is embedded in a larger family obtained by introducing an additional parameter. We generalize the two parameter Weibull distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map studied by Shaw et al. [ 9 ] to develop a transmuted Weibull distribution. We provide a comprehensive description of the mathematical properties of the subject distribution along with its reliability behavior. The usefulness of the transmuted Weibull distribution for modeling reliability data is illustrated using real data.
N-Methylquinolinium 2-carboxylate, a Defensive Betaine fromPhoturis versicolorFireflies (1999)

From whole body extracts of Photuris versicolor fireflies, the defensive betaine N-methylquinolinium 2-carboxylate (1) was isolated and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and comparison with a synthetic sample.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Electronic States in Low‐Dimensional Organic Conductors (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Is This Bum Any Good? (2001)

Every morning at 2 A.M., as professors sleep and graduate students arrive to pull all-nighters, my computer diligently makes the rounds of the Websites of all major frontons, downloading the latest schedules and results and then running these files through Dario's parsing programs. After a few months of retrieval we had built a large-enough collection of jai alai data to justify some serious analysis. Our goal was to use all this data to measure the relative abilities of jai alai players and incorporate this information into our Monte Carlo simulation to make customized predictions for each match.