gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud Computing And Privacy Regulations: An Exploratory Study On Issues And Implications (2012)

Cloud computing is a new paradigm in the world of Information Technology Advancement.Considerable amount of cloud computing technology is already being used and developed in various flavors.Cloud Computing affects people, process and technology of the enterprise.In spite of having benefits with Cloud computing paradigm such as efficiency, flexibility, easy set up and overall reduction in IT cost [22], cloud computing paradigm could raise privacy and confidentiality risks."Not all types of cloud computing raise the same privacy and confidentiality risks.Some believe that much of the computing activity occurring today entirely on computers owned and controlled locally by users will shift to the cloud in the future" [11].In Cloud computing, users connect to the CLOUD, which appears as a single entity as opposed to the traditional way of connecting to multiple servers located on company premises.Public Private Partnership these days is a usually adopted pattern of governance to meet the diverse needs of their citizens with confidence and providing quality of these services.Cloud Computing Technology can also act as a facilitator between public and private partnership.In such cases there is a possibility that an external party can be involved in providing Cloud Services having partial control over the data storage, processing and transmission of data and privacy regulations become relevant [20].Cloud computing has significant implications for the privacy of personal information as well as for the confidentiality of business and governmental information.A survey by EDUCAUSE involving 372 of its member institutions revealed that a great proportion of the respondents with use cases that involved cloud-based services reported that data privacy risks and data security risks were among their top barriers to overcome [22].A principal goal of this paper is to identify privacy and confidentiality issue that may be of interest and concern to cloud computing participants and users [11].Thus this paper explores to elicit possible issues and regulations in the area of privacy that affect the implementation of Cloud Computing Technologies.
The adaptor protein TRAF3 inhibits interleukin-6 receptor signaling in B cells to limit plasma cell development (2015)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is an adaptor protein that inhibits signaling by CD40 and by the receptor for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and negatively regulates homeostatic B cell survival. Loss-of-function mutations in TRAF3 are associated with human B cell malignancies, in particular multiple myeloma. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) supports the differentiation and survival of normal and neoplastic plasma cells. We found that mice with a deficiency in TRAF3 specifically in B cells (B-Traf3(-/-) mice) had about twice as many plasma cells as did their littermate controls. TRAF3-deficient B cells had enhanced responsiveness to IL-6, and genetic loss of IL-6 in B-Traf3(-/-) mice restored their plasma cell numbers to normal. TRAF3 inhibited IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-mediated signaling by facilitating the association of PTPN22 (a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase) with the kinase Janus-activated kinase 1 (Jak1), which in turn blocked phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Consistent with these results, the number of plasma cells in the PTPN22-deficient mice was increased compared to that in the wild-type mice. Our findings identify TRAF3 and PTPN22 as inhibitors of IL-6R signaling in B cells and reveal a previously uncharacterized role for TRAF3 in the regulation of plasma cell differentiation.
Efficacy and safety studies of gantenerumab in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Among active and passive anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), bapineuzumab and solanezumab, two humanized monoclonal antibodies, failed to show significant clinical benefits in mild-to-moderate AD patients in large Phase III clinical trials. Another ongoing Phase III trial of solanezumab aims to confirm positive findings in mild AD patients. Gantenerumab is the first fully human anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody directed to both N-terminal and central regions of Aβ. A 6-month PET study in 16 AD patients showed that gantenerumab treatment dose-dependently reduced brain Aβ deposition, possibly stimulating microglial-mediated phagocytosis. Two ongoing Phase III trials of gantenerumab in patients with prodromal or mild dementia due to AD will determine if any reduction in brain Aβ levels will translate into clinical benefits. An ongoing secondary prevention trial of gantenerumab in presymptomatic subjects with genetic mutations for autosomal-dominant AD will verify the utility of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies as prevention therapy.
Short-term tissue culture of human breast cancer.Presence of estrogen receptors and 17 β-estradiol stimulation of RNA synthesis (1979)

The stimulation of RNA synthesis induced by estradiol has been studied on 60 breast cancers in short-term cultures. In the same tumors the estrogen receptor (ER) assay was carried out. In 35% of the cases studied the stimulating effect by estradiol in vitro was observed. The frequency of response to in vitro hormone treatment was higher (42%) in ER+ cancers and lower (25%) in ER- cancers. The specificity of the in vitro test was assessed by the use of tamoxifen.
Real-time point cloud compression (2015)

With today's advanced 3D scanner technology, huge amounts of point cloud data can be generated in short amounts of time. Data compression is thus necessary for storage and especially for transmission, e.g., via wireless networks. While previous approaches delivered good compression ratios and interesting theoretical insights, they are either computationally expensive or do not support incrementally acquired data and locally decompressing the data, two requirements we found necessary in many applications. We present a compression approach that is efficient in storage requirements as well as in computational cost, as it can compress and decompress point cloud data in real-time. Furthermore, it is capable of compressing incrementally acquired data, local decompression and of decompressing a subsampled representation of the original data. Our method is based on local 2D parameterizations of surface point cloud data, for which we describe an efficient approach. We suggest the usage of standard image compression techniques for the compression of local details. While exhibiting state-of-the-art compression ratios, our approach remains easy to implement. In our evaluation, we compare our approach to previous ones and discuss the choice of parameters. Due to our algorithm's efficiency, we consider it as a reference concerning speed and compression rates.
Tubular aggregates: Sarcoplasmic reticulum origin, calcium storage ability, and functional implications (1985)

Muscle biopsy specimens from three patients with an autosomal dominant myopathy and tubular aggregates in both type 1 and type 2 fibers were investigated for immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-pump protein and calsequestrin and for Ca2+ loading ability. The results show that type 1 and type 2 fibers are differentially reactive to anti-Ca-pump protein IgG and similarly reactive with affinity-purified antibody to calsequestrin, which is in agreement with earlier observations in rat skeletal muscle. Tubular aggregates, which are shown to be highly reactive with either kind of antibody, appear to be sites of calcium accumulation for oxalate-facilitated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent Ca uptake by chemically skinned fibers and thereby increase markedly the Ca loading capacity of the affected fibers.
High-efficiency catalysts for norbornene polymerization, based on palladium carboxylates and boron trifluoride (2007)

Catalytic systems based on palladium carboxylates and boron trifluoride etherate were studied in the reaction of additive polymerization of nonbornene. The system Pd(OAc)2 + 25BF3OEt2 exhibits a high activity, up to 154 100 kg of nonbornene per mole of Pd per hour.
Beneficial lactobacilli in food and feed: long-term use, biodiversity and proposals for specific and realistic safety assessments (2006)

Lactobacilli have played a crucial role in the production of fermented products for millennia. Their probiotic effects have recently been studied and used in new products. Isolated cases of lactobacillemia have been reported in at-risk populations, but lactobacilli present an essentially negligible biological risk. We analyzed the current European guidelines for safety assessment in food/feed and conclude that they are not relevant for the Lactobacillus genus. We propose new specific guidelines, beginning by granting a 'long-standing presumption of safety' status to Lactobacillus genus based on its long history of safe use. Then, based on the available body of knowledge and intended use, only such tests as are useful will be necessary before attributing 'qualified presumption of safety' status.
Developmental and Tissue-Specific Structural Alterations of the Cell-Wall Polysaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots (1996)

The plant cell wall is a dynamic structure that plays important roles in growth and development and in the interactions of plants with their environment and other organisms. We have used monoclonal antibodies that recognize different carbohydrate epitopes present in plant cell-wall polysaccharides to locate these epitopes in roots of developing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. An epitope in the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I is observed in the walls of epidermal and cortical cells in mature parts of the root. This epitope is inserted into the walls in a developmentally regulated manner. Initially, the epitope is observed in atrichoblasts and later appears in trichoblasts and simultaneously in cortical cells. A terminal [alpha]-fucosyl-containing epitope is present in almost all of the cell walls in the root. An arabinosylated (1->6)-[beta]-galactan epitope is also found in all of the cell walls of the root with the exception of lateral root-cap cell walls. It is striking that these three polysaccharide epitopes are not uniformly distributed (or accessible) within the walls of a given cell, nor are these epitopes distributed equally across the two walls laid down by adjacent cells. Our results further suggest that the biosynthesis and differentiation of primary cell walls in plants are precisely regulated in a temporal, spatial, and developmental manner.
Luminance and Brightness: Application to Lanthanide-Based Coordination Polymers (2022)

Measuring the luminance of lanthanide-based coordination polymers under UV excitation is of prime importance for many technological applications. This study highlights that the quantum yield gives no information about the luminescence intensity of a solid-state compound. Indeed, compounds with high quantum yield can actually be poorly luminescent. Therefore, a brightness calculation or a luminance measurement are mandatory for a quantitative estimation of the luminescence intensity. The calculated brightness appears to be a convenient quantitative parameter for the estimation of the luminescence intensity in the infrared domain, in which luminance is senseless. It is also a useful parameter in the visible domain, but one must keep in mind that only compounds with similar colorimetric coordinates can be compared. For comparing the luminescence intensities of compounds that exhibit different emission colors, the luminance measurement seems to be the most efficient method. A home-made setup that allows this measurement with high reproducibility is described in detail. The luminance of several lanthanide-based coordination polymers with benzene-poly-carboxylate ligands is measured, and the results are compared with brightness and quantum yield measurements. A standard is suggested for calibration.
Improving single-event proton CT by removing nuclear interaction events within the energy/range detector (2019)

Data filtering is crucial for accurate relative stopping power (RSP) reconstruction in proton CT (pCT). In this work, we assess different filters and their performance for the US pCT collaboration prototype pCT system in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The potential of using the recently proposed [Formula: see text]-E filter for removing nuclear interactions that occurred in the energy/range detector of the pCT system is investigated. Full pCT scans were acquired with the TOPAS MC simulated version of the prototype scanner that comprises two tracking detectors and a five stage energy/range detector. An ideal water cylinder and a water cylinder with five tissue inserts were investigated. Before image reconstruction, a [Formula: see text] WEPL filter was applied as the only filter, or in addition to filters acting on the energy deposit in each of the energy detector stages, as done currently with the prototype. The potential of the [Formula: see text]-E filter that was recently proposed for helium imaging was assessed. The results were compared to simulations for which nuclear interactions were disabled representing ground truth. The [Formula: see text] WEPL filter alone was not sufficient to filter out all nuclear interaction events and systematic fluctuations in the form of ring artifacts were present in the pCT reconstructed images. Applying energy filters currently used with the device prior to the [Formula: see text] WEPL filter only slightly improved the image quality. A [Formula: see text] WEPL filter improved the mean RSP accuracy, but could not fully remove the systematic fluctuations. The [Formula: see text]-E filter in addition to the current reconstruction procedure efficiently removed the systematic fluctuations and the achieved RSP accuracy closely matched the simulation without nuclear interactions. This study demonstrates the dependence of the accuracy of the usual [Formula: see text] WEPL filter on uncertainties arising within the energy detector. By enabling to remove such uncertainties, the [Formula: see text]-E method proved to yield some potential for improving the accuracy of pCT.
Nitrogen-Induced Changes in the Growth and Metabolism of Developing Maize Kernels Grown in Vitro (1990)

Cereal kernel growth and grain yield are functions of endosperm starch accumulation. The objective of this study was to examine how various metabolic factors in developing maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm influence starch deposition. Kernels were grown in vitro on medium with: (a) zero N (-N), (b) optimum N (+N), or (c) -N from 3 to 20 days after pollination followed by +N until maturity (+/-N) to produce different degrees of endosperm growth and to promote an enhancement of starch synthesis midway through development. At intervals, kernels were harvested and levels of enzyme activities and carbohydrate and N constituents examined. Endosperm starch and protein accumulation were decreased in -N compared to +N kernels, but relief of N starvation increased both constituents. With greater movement of N into +/-N kernels, endosperm sugar concentrations declined suggesting an inverse relationship between C and N transport. Unusually high concentrations of sugar in N stressed kernels did not appear to limit or enhance starch production. Rather, increased accumulation of starch in +/-N endosperm was correlated with significant increases in the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase and PPi-linked phosphofructokinase, and to a lessor extent hexokinase. In addition, the occurrence of specific proteins of the albumin/globulin fraction either increased, decreased, or remained unchanged in relation to starch synthesis. These data suggest that lack of N limits starch deposition in maize endosperm primarily through an influence on synthesis of key proteins.
Radical Thiol‐yne Chemistry on Diphenylacetylene: Selective and Quantitative Addition Enabling the Synthesis of Hyperbranched Poly(vinyl sulfide)s (2013)

A powerful variation of traditional radical thiol-yne reaction with diphenylacetylene (DPA)-based starting materials leading to the quantitative and selective formation of the corresponding vinyl sulfides is reported. A variety of different thiols are shown to undergo reaction with DPA and the influence of their structure on reactivity is studied. The results obtained from the model reactions are then used to guide the efficient synthesis of hyperbranched poly(vinyl sulfide) (hb-PVS) systems by employing a dithiol and a trialkyne in an A2 + B3 approach. The polymers obtained show excellent solubility in common organic solvents and exhibit high refractive indices (e.g., 1.70 at 589 nm). The combined ease of processability and potential for cross-linking make these materials very interesting for applications, such as coatings for optical devices. The selective mono-addition thiol-yne reaction on DPA serves not only as a synthetic method for the preparation of PVS but could also be applied to the general modification of acetylene-containing materials.
Synergistic effects of a novel nanoporous stent coating and tacrolimus on intima proliferation in rabbits (2003)

To overcome the problem of in-stent restenosis, the concept of local delivery of antiproliferative or immunosuppressive drugs has been introduced into interventional cardiology. Local drug delivery can be achieved by drug-eluting stents coated with polymer surfaces used for controlled drug release. However, several polymer coatings have shown an induction of inflammatory response and increased neointima formation. In the present study, the effect of a new inorganic ceramic nanoporous aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) coating on neointima proliferation and its suitability as a carrier for the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus have been investigated. 316 L stainless steel coronary stents were coated with a 500 nm thin nanoporous aluminum oxide layer. This ceramic nanolayer was used as a carrier for tacrolimus. Bare stents (n = 6), ceramic coated stents (n = 6), and ceramic coated stents loaded with 60 (n = 7) and 120 mug (n = 6) tacrolimus were implanted in the common carotid artery of New Zealand rabbits. The ceramic coating caused no significant reduction of neointimal thickness after 28 days. Loading the ceramic stents with tacrolimus led to a significant reduction of neointima thickness by 52% for 60 mug (P = 0.047) and 56% for 120 mug (P = 0.036) as compared to the bare stents. The ceramic coating alone as well as in combination with tacrolimus led to a reduced infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in the intima in response to stent implantation. Ceramic coating of coronary stents with a nanoporous layer of aluminum oxide in combination with tacrolimus resulted in a significant reduction in neointima formation and inflammatory response. The synergistic effects of the ceramic coating and tacrolimus suggest that this new approach may have a high potential to translate into clinical benefit.
Plant antitumor agents. IX. Total synthesis of dl-camptothecin (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant antitumor agents. IX. Total synthesis of dl-camptothecinM. C. Wani, H. F. Campbell, G. A. Brine, J. A. Kepler, Monroe E. Wall, and S. G. LevineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 10, 3631–3632Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00765a064Request reuse permissionsArticle Views748Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure, Function, and Inhibition along the Reaction Coordinate of CTX-M β-Lactamases (2005)

CTX-M enzymes are an emerging group of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) that hydrolyze not only the penicillins but also the first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins. Although they have become the most frequently observed ESBLs in certain areas, there are few effective inhibitors and relatively little is known about their detailed mechanism. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structures of CTX-M enzymes in complex with different transition-state analogues and beta-lactam inhibitors, representing the enzyme as it progresses from its acylation transition state to its acyl enzyme complex to the deacylation transition state. As the enzyme moves along this reaction coordinate, two key catalytic residues, Lys73 and Glu166, change conformations, tracking the state of the reaction. Unexpectedly, the acyl enzyme complex with the beta-lactam inhibitor cefoxitin still has the catalytic water bound; this water had been predicted to be displaced by the unusual 7alpha-methoxy of the inhibitor. Instead, the 7alpha-group appears to inhibit by preventing the formation of the deacylation transition state through steric hindrance. From an inhibitor design standpoint, we note that the best of the reversible inhibitors, a ceftazidime-like boronic acid compound, binds to CTX-M-16 with a K(i) value of 4 nM. When used together in cell culture, this inhibitor reversed cefotaxime resistance in CTX-M-producing bacteria. The structure of its complex with CTX-M enzyme and the structural view of the reaction coordinate described here provide templates for inhibitor design and intervention to combat this family of antibiotic resistance enzymes.
DETERMINATION OF IN SITU LATERAL STRESSES IN A DENSE GLACIAL TILL (1990)

A comparison of different techniques for determining in situ lateral stresses in a dense glacial till is presented. The site is located north of Des Moines, Iowa, in the late Wisconsinan drift plain. The till is generally composed of a cohesive matrix (P.I. equals 12; L.I. equals 0) and extends to a depth of 19 m. In situ tests conducted at the site included flat dilatometer (DMT), full-displacement pressuremeter (FDPMT), hydraulic fracture (HFT), and prebored pressuremeter (PMT) tests. Push-in earth pressure cells were installed at various depths and were allowed to come to equilibrium to provide an upper-bound value of the in situ lateral stress conditions. Those data are also compared with DMT dissipation tests, which give an equilibrium value of sigma sub H. A comparison of the effective horizontal stresses obtained with the in situ tests is presented and is based on field pore pressure measurements obtained from electric and pneumatic piezometers. Estimates of the at-rest coefficient of earth pressure, K sub 0, were made and are based on laboratory tests, using empirical relationships between K sub 0 and OCR. OCRs were obtained from incremental loading laboratory oedometer tests. The work energy method was also used to predict in situ effective horizontal stresses, using results of oedometer tests on horizontally trimmed samples. Results indicate that full displacement tests, such as the DMT, HFT, and FDPMT, tend to overestimate the in situ stresses while the non-displacement PMT provided results very close to the spade cell and laboratory data. A discussion of the results is presented concerning the accuracy of each of the tests in predicting in situ stresses in dense cohesive soils.