gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethnographic Lessons on Substance Use and Substance Abusers (2003)

Abstract The primary purpose of this article is to introduce broadly comparative ethnographic studies on the role of psychoactive substance use. Examples are cited from case studies across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North, and South America. These varied studies are synthesized to provide the basis for a brief analysis of meaning and function on the integration of use, including ritual and the public nature of use. There is also discussion on the cultural construction of intoxication and of the abuser, along with some thoughts regarding humanizing the drug user and avoiding stereotypes.
Dynamic Safety Certification for Collaborative Embedded Systems at Runtime (2020)

Abstract Traditionally, integration and quality assurance of embedded systems are done entirely at development time. Moreover, since such systems often perform safety-critical tasks and work in human environments, safety analyses are performed and safety argumentations devised to convince certification authorities of their safety and to certify the systems if necessary. Collaborative embedded systems, however, are designed to integrate and collaborate with other systems dynamically at runtime. A complete prediction and analysis of all relevant properties during the design phase is usually not possible, as many influencing factors are not yet known. This makes the application of traditional safety analysis and certification techniques impractical, as they usually require a complete specification of the system and its context in advance. In the following chapter, we introduce new techniques to meet this challenge and outline a safety certification concept specifically tailored to collaborative embedded systems.
Leveraging Heterogeneity in DRAM Main Memories to Accelerate Critical Word Access (2012)

The DRAM main memory system in modern servers is largely homogeneous. In recent years, DRAM manufacturers have produced chips with vastly differing latency and energy characteristics. This provides the opportunity to build a heterogeneous main memory system where different parts of the address space can yield different latencies and energy per access. The limited prior work in this area has explored smart placement of pages with high activities. In this paper, we propose a novel alternative to exploit DRAM heterogeneity. We observe that the critical word in a cache line can be easily recognized beforehand and placed in a low-latency region of the main memory. Other non-critical words of the cache line can be placed in a low-energy region. We design an architecture that has low complexity and that can accelerate the transfer of the critical word by tens of cycles. For our benchmark suite, we show an average performance improvement of 12.9% and an accompanying memory energy reduction of 15%.
Zirconium complexes to overcome oxygen inhibition in free‐radical photopolymerization of acrylates: Kinetic, mechanism, and depth profiling (2011)

Abstract The photopolymerization process of acrylate coatings initiated by visible light (λ &gt; 380 nm) and performed in air was studied in the presence of zirconium complexes. Depth profiling experiments were performed using confocal Raman microscopy showing that the conversion, which is low at the surface of the sample, increases with increasing depth and reaches a full conversion close to the substrate. RT‐FTIR spectroscopy corroborates Raman results in evidencing the efficiency of some zirconium compounds to reduce oxygen inhibition. Finally, laser flash photolysis experiments revealed that the beneficial effect in air is attributable to the reaction of the zirconium complex on the peroxyl radicals formed from the reaction of oxygen with radicals. Therefore, the oxygen present in the medium is depleted, allowing a better efficiency of the photopolymerization process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Growth and Antioxidant Capacity in Salt-Tolerant Naked Oat under Salt Stress (2019)

Melatonin (MT; <i>N</i>-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that has been demonstrated to play an important role in plant growth, development, and regulation of environmental stress responses. Studies have been conducted on the role of the exogenous application of MT in a few species, but the potential mechanisms of MT-mediated stress tolerance under salt stress are still largely unknown. In this study, naked oat seedlings under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) were pretreated with two different concentrations of MT (50 and 100 μM), and the effects of MT on the growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat seedlings were analyzed to explore the regulatory effect of MT on salt tolerance. The results showed that pretreating with different concentrations of MT promoted the growth of seedlings in response to 150 mM NaCl. Different concentrations of MT reduced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde contents. The exogenous application of MT also increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxide activities. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, leaf volume, and proline increased in the leaves of naked oat seedlings under 150 mM NaCl stress. MT upregulated the expression levels of the lipid peroxidase genes <i>lipoxygenase</i> and <i>peroxygenase</i>, a chlorophyll biosynthase gene (<i>ChlG</i>), the mitogen-activated protein kinase genes <i>Asmap1</i> and <i>Aspk11</i>, and the transcription factor genes (except <i>DREB2</i>), <i>NAC</i>, <i>WRKY1</i>, <i>WRKY3</i>, and <i>MYB</i> in salt-exposed MT-pretreated seedlings when compared with seedlings exposed to salt stress alone. These results demonstrate an important role of MT in the relief of salt stress and, therefore, provide a reference for managing salinity in naked oat.
Attempted generation of triplet benzyne (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAttempted generation of triplet benzyneRichard T. Luibrand and Reinhard W. HoffmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 26, 3887–3889Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00940a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00940a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Description of a Prospective 17DD Yellow Fever Vaccine Cohort in Recife, Brazil (2011)

From September 2005 to March 2007, 238 individuals being vaccinated for the first time with the yellow fever (YF) -17DD vaccine were enrolled in a cohort established in Recife, Brazil. A prospective study indicated that, after immunization, anti-YF immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-YF IgG were present in 70.6% (IgM) and 98.3% (IgG) of the vaccinated subjects. All vaccinees developed protective immunity, which was detected by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with a geometric mean titer of 892. Of the 238 individuals, 86.6% had IgG antibodies to dengue virus; however, the presence of anti-dengue IgG did not interfere significantly with the development of anti-YF neutralizing antibodies. In a separate retrospective study of individuals immunized with the 17DD vaccine, the PRNT values at 5 and 10 years post-vaccination remained positive but showed a significant decrease in neutralization titer (25% with PRNT titers < 100 after 5 years and 35% after 10 years).
Wall-following method for an autonomous mobile robot using two IR sensors (2008)

The paper presents a local navigation method for mobile robot, based on sensorial information given by two IR sensors. These types of sensors are simple and relatively low-cost sensing modalities to perform navigation tasks in environments with obstacles or wall-following tasks. On the other hand, IR sensors may be preferable due to their faster response time and can be integrated in structure with microcontroller.
The trophotaenial placenta of a viviparous goodeid fish. III: Protein uptake by trophotaeniae, the embryonic component (1985)

Protein uptake and degradation by trophotaenial cells of the viviparous goodeid fish Ameca splendens were studied colorimetrically and ultrastructurally using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer and acid (ACPase) and alkaline (ALPase) phosphatase cytochemistry. Trophotaeniae are ribbon-like external projections of the embryonic gut that are equivalent to greatly hypertrophied intestinal villi. During gestation within the ovarian lumen, trophotaeniae are directly apposed to the internal ovarian epithelium (IOE) where they establish a placental association between the developing embryo and maternal organism. Trophotaenial absorptive cells possess an ALPase reactive brush border, an endocytotic apparatus, and ACPase reactive standing lysosomes. Ultrastructural studies of protein uptake indicate that cells of the trophotaenial epithelium take up HRP by micropinocytosis and degrade it within lysosomes. Initially (from 1.5-10 min), HRP is taken up in vitro at 22 degrees C at the apical cell surface and passes via endocytotic vesicles into an apical canalicular system. From 1.5 to 10 min exposure, HRP passes passes from the apical canalicular system to a series of small collecting vesicles. After 10 min, HRP is detected within large ACPase reactive supranuclear lysosomes. Three hours after an initial 1 h exposure to HRP, most peroxidase activity within supranuclear lysosomes is no longer detected. Presence of Golgi complexes, residual bodies, and secretory granules in the infranuclear cytoplasm suggest that products of protein uptake and hydrolysis are discharged across basal and lateral cell surfaces and into the trophotaenial circulation. Trophotaeniae of embryos incubated in vitro in HRP-saline take up HRP at an initial rate of 13.5 ng HRP/mg trophotaenial protein/min. The system becomes saturated after 3 h. Trophotaeniae incubated at 4 degrees C show little or no uptake. In trophotaeniae continuously pulsed with HRP for 1 h, then incubated in HRP-free saline, levels of absorbed peroxidase declined at a rate of 0.5 ng/mg trophotaenial protein/min. HRP does not appear to enter the embryo via extra-trophotaenial routes. These findings are consistent with the putative role of trophotaeniae as the embryonic component of the functional placenta of goodeid fishes. Trophotaenial uptake of maternal nutrients accounts for a massive (15,000%) increase in embryonic dry weight during gestation.
UVB represses melanocyte cell migration and acts through β‐catenin (2017)

The exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have both beneficial and deleterious effects: it can lead, for instance, to increased pigmentation and vitamin D synthesis but also to inflammation and skin cancer. UVB may induce genetic and epigenetic alterations and have reversible effects associated with post-translational and gene regulation modifications. β-catenin is a main driver in melanocyte development; although infrequently mutated in melanoma, its cellular localization and activity are frequently altered. Here, we evaluate the consequence of UVB on β-catenin in the melanocyte lineage. We report that in vivo, UVB induces cytoplasmic/nuclear relocalization of β-catenin in melanocytes of newborn mice and adult human skin. In mouse melanocyte and human melanoma cell lines in vitro, UVB increases β-catenin stability, accumulation in the nucleus and cotranscriptional activity, leading to the repression of cell motility and velocity. The activation of the β-catenin signalling pathway and its effect on migration by UVB are increased by an inhibitor of GSK3β, and decreased by an inhibitor of β-catenin. In conclusion, UVB represses melanocyte migration and does so by acting through the GSK3-β-catenin axis.
Treatment of bleb leaks with transforming growth factor-beta in the rabbit model. (1997)

Peribleb TGF-beta injections may contribute to healing bleb leaks, but the injections do not appear in this model to be as useful as whole-blood injections.
Spindle cell tumors of the pleura and the peritoneum: pathologic diagnosis and updates (2021)

A diverse group of both benign and malignant spindle cell tumors can involve the pleura or the peritoneum. Due to their rarity and overlapping morphologic features, these tumors can pose considerable diagnostic difficulty in surgical pathology. As these tumors differ in their prognosis and clinical management, their correct pathologic diagnosis is critical. In addition to histologic assessment, select immunohistochemical and molecular tools can aid the distinction among these tumors. In this review, we consider some of the major histologic differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumors involving these serosal membranes. This list of tumors includes solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, desmoid fibromatosis, synovial sarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, spindle cell melanoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. We describe their salient clinicopathologic and genetic findings, with a review on some of the recent discoveries on their molecular pathogenesis.
Dissemination in Portals (2011)

While there are many aspects to managing corporate knowledge, one key issue is how to disseminate corporate documents with appropriate context. Upon finding an article on a certain subject, for example the material properties of titanium, a reader is likely to be interested in related articles such as applications of titanium or manufacturing methods for titanium parts. Each related article has the potential to increase the reader’s knowledge of the subject. Therefore, organizing documents into categories of interest plays an essential role in discovering and interpreting information. Furthermore, categories can be expected to provide historical context, describing how titanium was used in early designs or initial practices used for the repair of titanium parts.
The Formation of Polymers (1992)

Living organisms have the capacity for producing large and complex molecules from simple ingredients. These large molecules are principally composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The long fibrous molecules produced by their respective organisms help to determine the properties possessed by naturally occurring materials such as timbers, wool, cotton and natural rubber. The whole range of plastics materials is also based on very large molecular structures, but in this case the large molecules are often produced synthetically. These substances containing large molecules are termed polymers, the name derived from poly, meaning many, and mer, unit. The chemical compounds which are reacted together to create polymer molecules are referred to as monomers. These monomers, the building blocks of plasties materials, can be reacted together, or polymerised, in several ways and these are described in subsequent sections of this chapter. The polymers produced may possess linear or non-linear structures.
Cost‐effectiveness of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation testing and first‐line treatment with gefitinib for patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung (2011)

This strategy can be considered a new standard of care and should be of great interest for health care payers and decision makers in an era in which our greatest challenge is to balance hard-won and incremental, yet small, improvements in patient outcomes with exponentially rising costs.
Dissecting Pin1 and phospho‐pRb regulation (2012)

The activity of the Retinoblastoma protein, the master regulator of the cell cycle, is finely regulated by phosphorylation. CDKs and cyclins are major players in phosphorylation and it has been recently discovered that the prolyl isomerase Pin1 is an essential protein that orchestrates this process. In this article, we report new findings regarding the role of Pin1 in the pRb pathway. Our data suggest that PI3K, CDKs, and the Pin1 axis have a critical role in sustaining the complete phosphorylation of pRb. Furthermore, we analyze the correlation between Pin1 and pRb phosphorylation in vivo. We show that, in human malignant glioma tissue microarrays (TMA) and in Pin1 knockout (KO) mice, there is a positive correlation between Pin1 and pRb phosphorylation. Prospectively, our findings suggest that the synergism between CDKs, Pin1, and PI3K inhibitors hold great promise for targeted pharmacological treatment of cancer patients, with the possibility of reaching high effectiveness at tolerated doses.
Synthesis, physical properties and application of the zero-valent iron/titanium dioxide heterocomposite having high activity for the sustainable photocatalytic removal of hexavalent chromium in water (2016)

A magnetic photocatalytic material composed of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) homogeneously distributed over a mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 matrix has been prepared by a multistage chemical process, including sol-gel technique, wet impregnation, and chemical reduction. X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used for the structural and chemical characterization of the magnetic photocatalyst, while bulk magnetization measurements and scanning/transmission electron microscopy were employed to determine the physical and textural properties of the photocatalyst. The synthesized nZVI@TiO2 photocatalyst shows very high efficiency in the removal of hexavalent chromium, Cr(vi), from water. The degradation rate follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Most importantly, the remarkable efficiency of the photocatalyst is found to be due to the synergistic contributions of both counterparts, nZVI and TiO2, as validated by comparative experiments with neat TiO2 and nZVI@TiO2 under UV-C irradiation and without irradiation. New insights into the mechanism of synergistic degradation of chromium(vi) and suppressed oxidation of nZVI particles in the composite material are proposed and therein discussed.
MRI of Skier's thumb: A case report (2004)

Although ulnar collateral ligament tear of the thumb is not uncommon, few reports have described this injury with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman who suffered from painful disability of her right thumb soon after a motorcycle accident. MRI of 2mm slice thickness showed minimally retracted fibers of the torn ulnar collateral ligament of the right thumb, but the adductor aponeurosis was intact. A control study of the normal left thumb well delineated the course of the intact ulnar collateral ligament. Surgical findings revealed a nondisplaced ulnar collateral ligament tear near the proximal margin of the adductor aponeurosis. The ulnar collateral ligament was then repaired. Follow-up MRI at nine months after surgery showed a repaired ligament without evidence of re-tear. The patient’s symptoms were almost subsided. Injury of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb is one of the most frequently occurring ligament injuries of the hand. Patients who have this injury may complain of pain, swelling, or tenderness over the metacarpophalangeal joint, and decreased pinch or grasp strength of the injured thumb. Injury of the ulnar collateral ligament has been reported most often related to skiing injuries [1]. The high velocity while skiing can place a significant abduction force on the thumb during a fall. Similar mechanism of trauma to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb can result from sports injuries and cycling accident with falling on the hand. The term skier’s thumb is appropriately applied to acute injuries, whereas gamekeeper’s thumb usually may stand for chronic injuries. The ulnar collateral ligament is a capsular ligament that originates from the dorsal ulnar aspect of the metacarpal head and courses distally and volarly to insert on the volar and ulnar aspect of the proximal phalanx (Fig. 1a). Ulnar collateral ligament tear is usually from its distal end at the base of the proximal phalanx. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate nondisplaced and displaced ulnar collateral ligament tears [2]. We herein present a case of nondisplaced ulnar collateral ligament tear with MRI findings before and nine months after the surgical repair.
Multi-fingered tactile feedback from virtual and remote environments (2003)

This paper outlines a novel approach of displaying multifingered tactile feedback information from remote and virtual environments. Miniature tactile fingertip modules are developed allowing multi-fingered integration into an already existing hand force exoskeleton for display of combined tactile and kinesthetic feedback. The tactile feedback comprises generation of both, vibrotactile and thermal stimuli directly at the operator's fingertip where a multitude of human tactile receptors are located The proposed parallel configuration of integrated vibration and heat display with combined kinesthetic feedback actuators considers a novel approach towards the generation of holistic haptic sensations. Corresponding tactile rendering algorithms are presented computing realistic tactile stimuli of object properties from either remote real or virtual environments. Moreover the article discusses the design of a developed thermal and texture sensor with corresponding data processing algorithms for online identification of tactile object properties in a remote environment. The new quality of generated multi-fingered tactile feedback was evaluated in several experiments enabling a human operator performing exploratory tasks.
The canine homeobox gene MSX2: sequence, chromosome assignment and genetic analysis in dogs of different breeds (2001)

The MSX2 gene encodes a homeodomain transcription factor important for normal head and face morphogenesis. MSX2 is expressed in key craniofacial structures during development and mutations in the human gene give rise to various craniofacial abnormalities. We are interested in the genetic basis of non-pathogenic variation in skull and face shape. As part of this study we have analysed DNA from a panel of different dog breeds, selected for the differences they show in these traits and investigated MSX2 as a candidate gene. In this paper we describe the cloning of the canine homologue of MSX2, the determination of its structure, sequence and localization of the gene to dog chromosome 4q23. The DNAs from 11 individual domestic dogs belonging to 10 different breeds were sequenced in a search for genetic variation. Our studies show that variation in MSX2 does not contribute to the diversity of face shape observed in these domestic dogs and that the MSX2 sequence is strongly conserved between different dog breeds. The proximal promoter shows a high level of interspecies sequence conservation and several conserved transcription factor binding motifs have been identified and their significance discussed.