gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal casting of polymers in centrifuge for producing X-ray optics (2023)

An optic is produced by the steps of placing a polymer inside a rotateable cylindrical chamber, the rotateable cylindrical chamber having an outside wall, rotating the cylindrical chamber, heating the rotating chamber forcing the polymer to the outside wall of the cylindrical chamber, allowing the rotateable cylindrical chamber to cool while rotating producing an optic substrate with a substrate surface, sizing the optic substrate, and coating the substrate surface of the optic substrate to produce the optic with an optic surface.
HTTP (2004)

The advent of the World Wide Web, in 1990, brought about a massive increase in the use of the Internet. This was made possible by the introduction of the Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP). Tim Berners-Lee first implemented HTTP in 1990–91 at CERN, the European Center for High-Energy Physics in Geneva, Switzerland.KeywordsInternet ResourceClient RequestStatic VoidString QueryMime TypeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: An Alternative Approach for Periodontal and Implant Reconstruction (2004)

Minimally invasive surgery is defined as a procedure involving a smaller access opening and less-extensive surgical manipulation of the tissues that surround the target structure. It represents a rapidly advancing and expanding therapeutic modality in medicine and dentistry. Minimally invasive surgery has been touted as one of the major advances in medicine of the past two to three decades. The revolution in this field has been made possible by technological advances in imaging, instrumentation, and robotics. These advances have been driven in part by patient demand. Today's patients lead a busy and active lifestyle, and prolonged periods of convalescence are not acceptable for many. Therefore, the advent of minimally invasive surgery has promoted increased patient acceptance, which result from decreased morbidity associated with the minimally invasive surgery approaches.
Pamidronate prevents the development of skeletal metastasis in nude mice transplanted with human breast cancer cells by reducing tumor burden within bone (2003)

Pamidronate is used routinely in the treatment of established bone metastasis. However, pamidronate has not yet been assessed in the prevention of osteolytic bone metastasis and its precise mechanism of action in this disorder remains to be established. In the present study, pamidronate or vehicle alone was administered subcutaneously to nude mice either simultaneously or as post intracardiac injection of the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Radiographs were used first to assess the presence of osteolytic bone metastases. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that animals treated with pamidronate early, but not late, showed a slower progression of bone metastases and hind limb paralysis than did vehicle-treated animals. Mann-Whitney analysis showed that only 44.4% of mice treated with pamidronate at the time of tumor cell inoculation developed bone metastases as compared to over 80% (p<0.05) of mice receiving vehicle alone. We then analyzed the number of bone lesions and their volume at time of sacrifice by bone histomorphometry. In contrast to X-ray analysis, morphometric analysis indicates that the number of lesions within bone was similar in pamidronate and vehicle-treated mice but that the lesions were significantly smaller and therefore, often not visible on radiographs. These results demonstrate that pamidronate is effective in reducing tumor burden in breast cancer metastatic to bone and is most effective as a preventative agent when administered closest in time to implantation of tumor cells. Our data also suggest that pamidronate acts mainly by inhibiting the growth of established bone metastatic lesions but has no effect on the metastatic spread itself.
Epigenetic regulation of miR‐124 by Hepatitis C Virus core protein promotes migration and invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells by targeting SMYD3 (2012)

Hepatitis C Virus core protein (HCVc) plays important roles in the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to tumor progression by interacting with downstream target genes. However, the regulation and role of miRNAs in HCV-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HCV-ICC) is poorly understood. In this study, we found that miR-124 was down-regulated in HCV-ICC and the induction of DNMT1 by HCVc mediated the suppression of miR-124. Over-expression of miR-124 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro, and reduced the protein levels of SMYD3 and downstream target genes (c-Myc and MMP9). Knockdown of SMYD3 inhibited cell migration and invasion resembling that of miR-124 over-expression. In conclusion, our studies indicate that low miR-124 levels mediated by HCVc via DNMT1 promote ICC cell migration and invasion by targeting SMYD3.
PHENOARCH, a multiscale phenotyping platform for plant architecture, growth rate, water use efficiency and radiation use efficiency (2015)

PHENOARCH (https://www6.montpellier.inra.fr/lepse/M3P/plateforme-PHENOARCH) measures traits associated to the plant adaptation to climate change with a throughput of 1650 plants. Typical measured variables are the timing of the plant cycle (phyllochron, duration of phenological phases), plant growth rate in terms of area and biovolume, plant architecture in terms of ramification and angles, light interception, radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. Soil water potential is controlled individually for each plant via scales; changes in weight are attributed to changes in soil water content after correction for the increase in plant biomass. Microclimatic data fluctuate naturally within a range fixed by users. A set of sensors measures meristem temperature, incident light, air temperature and VPD every minute. A 3D model of the greenhouse allows inferring the environmental conditions sensed by each individual plant by calculating spatial gradients in the greenhouse each day of the year. Plants are imaged every day with 12 side views and one top view, which allow reconstructing a digital 'avatar' of each plant of the platform. Calculations related to plant architecture and to individual organ size are carried out on these virtual plants. Light interception by each plant in the platform is calculated via a virtual scene consisting of the 1650 3D virtual plants in their real positions. The measured time courses of biomass and of intercepted light, combined with local measurements of light intensity, allow estimation of radiation use efficiency. Responses to water deficit and evaporative demand can be analysed by combining time courses of leaf area or biovolume with environmental data. PhenoArch is associated to an information system for real time monitoring of experiments, post-analysis of large datasets and identification of genotypic parameters such rates, architectural parameters or sensitivities. It has been used for (i) association genetics in panels of genotypes (diversity, MAGIC or biparental crosses), (ii) in-depth analyses of smaller panels such as panels of genetic progress or introgression lines, for morphological or physiological traits, (iii) estimation of parameters of crop models that are then tested and used in the field. PhenoArch has been used with maize, rice, sorghum, wheat, apple tree and vine. It is part of the M3P facility (https://www6.montpellier.inra.fr/lepse/M3P) and is accessible to public or private scientists via the website of the national project Phenome-FPPN (https://www.phenome-fppn.fr/). Accesses have also been provided via the infrastructure EU project EPPN.
Phenethylamine in normal urine: failure to verify high values. (1975)

The phenethylamine (PEA) level in daytime urine samples of 18 normal subjects was measured by an isotope dilution technique. Purification of PEA from other urinary substance, after the addition of 1-14C-PEA to urine samples, was achieved by the sequence: thin-layer chromatography (TLC), derivatization, TLC, and finally, gas chromatography (electron capture). The estimated mean daily output of PEA was 10.3 mug/day. A circadian rhythm was not evident on the basis of analyses of 24-hr urine collections from four normal subjects. Three acute schizophrenics had levels within the normal means.
Glucosinolate Distribution in Aerial Parts of Degenia velebitica (2011)

The glucosinolates present in the leaf, stem, and seed extracts of Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek were characterized and quantified according to the ISO 9167-1 method, which is based on the HPLC analysis of desulfoglucosinolates. The stems contained glucoalyssin (3a) as the major compound as well as glucoberteroin (1a) and glucoaubrietin (4a). The leaves contained three glucosinolates, the major one being 3a, followed by glucobrassicanapin (2a) and 1a. Glucoberteroin (1a) was the major glucosinolate in the seeds, along with the two minor glucosinolates 3a and glucoerucin (5a). The content of 1a in the whole, non-defatted seeds amounted to 4% (w/w). The compound was characterized as its desulfo counterpart by spectroscopic techniques.
Regulation of expression of a cDNA from barley roots encoding a high affinity sulphate transporter (1997)

A cDNA encoding a high-affinity sulphate transporter has been isolated from barley by complementation of a yeast mutant. The cDNA, designated HVST1, encodes a polypeptide of 660 amino acids (M(r) = 72,550), which is predicted to have 12 membrane-spanning domains and has extensive sequence homology with other identified eukaryotic sulphate transporters. The K(m) for sulphate was 6.9 microM when the HVST1 cDNA was expressed in a yeast mutant deficient in the gene encoding for the yeast SUL1 sulphate transporter. The strong pH-dependency of sulphate uptake when HVST1 was expressed heterologously in yeast suggests that the HVST1 polypeptide is a proton/sulphate co-transporter. The gene encoding HVST1 is expressed specifically in root tissues and the abundance of the mRNA is strongly influenced by sulphur nutrition. During sulphur-starvation of barley, the abundance of mRNA corresponding to HVST1, and the capacity of the roots to take up sulphate, both increase. Upon re-supply of sulphate, the abundance of the mRNA corresponding to HVST1, and the capacity of the roots to take up sulphate, decrease rapidly, concomitant with rises in tissue sulphate, cysteine and glutathione contents. Addition of the cysteine precursor, O-acetylserine, to plants grown with adequate sulphur supply, leads to increases in sulphate transporter mRNA, sulphate uptake rates and tissue contents of glutathione and cysteine. It is suggested, that whilst sulphate, cysteine and glutathione may be candidates for negative metabolic regulators of sulphate transporter gene expression, this regulation may be overridden by O-acetylserine acting as a positive regulator.
MICRO XRF OF LIGHT ELEMENTS USING A POLYCAPILLARY LENS AND AN ULTRA THIN WINDOW SILICON DRIFT DETECTOR INSIDE A VACUUM CHAMBER (2005)

Since most micro-spectrometers are operated in air, up to now only mapping of medium and higher Z elements was possible with micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (µ-XRF). Though for some applications (e.g.: biological- and geological samples, samples from art and archeology) the extension to light elements is of great interest. Therefore µ -XRF measurements using a polycapillary lens mounted inside a vacuum chamber have been performed. X-rays from a 2kW high power diffraction tubes (Mo and Cr anode) as well as from a low power 50 W Pd-anode tube were focused by means of the polycapillary X-ray optics. The polycapillary adjustment was performed with a combination of an X/Y stage and a gimbal allowing 3 translation and 2 rotation movements. With this setup it was possible to produce an X-ray spot of about 40µm in diameter at the sample surface. Sample motion is performed by an x-y-z-micrometer driven stage PC controlled. The position dependent fluorescence signal was collected by a Peltier cooled energy dispersive detector (10 mm2 Silicon Drift type) with an ultrathin window (300nm) allowing the detection down to oxygen. Scanning measurements have been carried out on various samples of human femural bone. Results from an area scan (500 x 1100 µm 2 ) across the transition zone of trabecular- and cortical bone are presented, including the distribution of O, P, Ca, and Zn. To compare the performance of the different anode X-ray tubes single point measurements on NIST glass (soda lime glass) have been performed with regard to light element detection. A comparison of results using the different excitation conditions of Mo-L and Pd-L on various samples will be presented with excellent conditions regarding excitation, detection, and background using a vacuum chamber for µ-XRF.
Total Synthesis of Isoindolobenzazepine Alkaloids, Lennoxamine and Chilenine, Based on Palladium-Catalyzed Reduction of Alkenyl Phosphates (2008)

- An efficient method for the synthesis of enol ethers and enecarbamates has been developed based on palladium(0)-catalyzed chemoselective reduction of alkenyl phosphates. This method has been applied successfully to the total synthesis of two isoindolobenzazepine alkaloids, lennoxamine and chilenine.
Kasvava hevosala : Hevosalan kehitysnäkymiä Suomessa (2007)

Hevosala on yksi maaseudun kasvavista elinkeinoista. Monipuolinen hevosala tarjoaa mahdollisuuksia niin ammattimaiseen yritystoimintaan kuin harrastukseen. Yritys- ja harrastustoiminnan yleistymisen myötä on hevosalan alue- ja liiketaloudelliseen tutkimustoimintaan tullut tarvetta kiinnittää entistä enemmän huomiota. Hevosala vaikuttaa moniin toimialoihin: hevosala työllistää eri alojen ammattilaisia ja hevosalaa koskevia päätöksiä tehdään niin kuntakohtaisesti kuin valtakunnan tasolla. \n\nTämä hevosalan kehityssuuntaa ja yritystoimintaa kartoittava valtakunnallinen selvitys sai alkunsa keväällä 2005. Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulun toteuttamassa projektissa yhteistyökumppaneina olivat MTT hevostalous, Suomen Hippos ry, Suomen Ratsastajainliitto ry, MTK ry, ProAgria Uusimaa ja Maaseutukeskusten Liitto, Uudenmaan TE-keskus sekä maa- ja metsätalousministeriö. Selvityksen laajin aineisto muodostui Suomen Gallup Elintarviketieto Oy:n toteuttamasta kyselystä, johon vastasi yli tuhat hevosenomistajaa. \n\nKasvava hevosala -raportin sisältö koostuu neljästä osa-alueesta: 1) hevosalan harrastus- ja yritystoiminta Suomessa, 2) hevosalan toimintamuotoja ja kehittämiskohteita, 3) hevosalan alueellinen vaikuttavuus sekä 4) hevosalan erityispiirteet TE-keskusten toimialueilla. Tuloksista on tehty karttakuvia, jotka havainnollistavat hevosalaa koko maassa.\n\nRaportti sisältää tietoa hevosalalla tapahtuneista yrittäjyyden muutoksista sekä arvioita lähitulevaisuuden kehitysnäkymistä. Raportin kohderyhmiä ovat hevosalan lisäksi hevosalan parissa toimivat sidosryhmät, kuten neuvontajärjestöt, työvoima- ja elinkeinokeskukset ja alueelliset päättäjät. Selvityksen yhtenä lähtökohtana on tarjota näkemyksiä tuleviin tutkimus- ja kehittämisprojekteihin.
One-Pot Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid-co-poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate)-b-polystyrene Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Their Self-Assemblies in Water via RAFT-Mediated Radical Emulsion Polymerization. A Kinetic Study (2011)

The RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene was carried out in a one-pot, two-step procedure using two poly(methacrylic acid-co-poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) macroRAFT agents of different compositions carrying a reactive trithiocarbonate end-group. The latter were prepared in situ, directly in aqueous solution at acid pH. In all cases, the synthesis was fast and efficient, leading to very high conversions and very good control over the polymer features. It was moreover particularly reproducible, which is an important outcome for the robustness of the method. Then, styrene was added and directly polymerized in the formed emulsion system until very high conversion in short reaction time. The method led to amphiphilic block copolymers, self-assembled into stable spherical particles. The diameter of the latter was directly governed by the initial concentration of macroRAFT agent, which also controlled the molar mass of the polystyrene block at constant styrene initial concentration. The emulsion polymerization step was studied in detail to provide information on the overall mechanism: nucleation, conversion rate, and chain growth. Because of the reduction of the number of synthesis and purification steps and of the overall reaction time, and due to the use of water as the sole reaction medium, the proposed method is of high interest in terms of both respect of environmental constraints and energy saving.
Efficient single-photon counting at 155 µm by means of frequency upconversion (2004)

We demonstrate efficient single-photon detection at 1.55 microm by means of sum-frequency mixing with a strong pump at 1.064 microm in periodically poled lithium niobate followed by photon counting in the visible region. This scheme offers significant advantages over existing InGaAs photon counters: continuous-wave operation, higher detection efficiency, higher counting rates, and no afterpulsing. We achieved single-photon upconversion efficiency of 90% at 21.6 W of circulating power in a resonant pump cavity with a 400-mW Nd:YAG laser. We observed high background counts at strong circulating pump powers due to efficient upconversion of pump-induced fluorescence photons.
Therapeutic Nanomedicine: Cross linked micelles with transiently linked drugs – a versatile drug delivery system (2010)

Article Therapeutic Nanomedicine: Cross linked micelles with transiently linked drugs – a versatile drug delivery system was published on May 1, 2010 in the journal European Journal of Nanomedicine (volume 3, issue 1).
Magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms (2007)

Trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms and degenerate quantum gases in magnetic micropotentials is reviewed. Starting with a comprehensive description of the basic concepts and fabrication techniques of microtraps together with early pioneering experiments, emphasis is placed on current experiments on degenerate quantum gases. This includes the loading of quantum gases in microtraps, coherent manipulation, and transport of condensates together with recently reported experiments on matter-wave interferometry on a chip. Theoretical approaches for describing atoms in waveguides and beam splitters are briefly summarized, and, finally, the interaction between atoms and the surface of microtraps is covered in some detail.
Transport Mechanisms of Ions in Graft-Copolymer Based Salt-in-Polymer Electrolytes (2010)

Abstract Salt-in-polymer electrolytes based on graft copolymers with oligoether side chains and added LiCF 3 SO 3 (LiTf) are investigated concerning the transport and dynamics of the ionic species with respect to applications as Li ion conductors. Polymer architectures are based on polysiloxane or polyphosphazene backbones with one or two side chains per monomer, respectively. NMR methods provide information about molecular dynamics on different length scales: The mechanisms governing local dynamics and long range mass transport are studied on the basis of temperature dependent spin-lattice relaxation rates and pulsed field gradient diffusion measurements for 7 Li, 19 F and 1 H, respectively. The correlation times characterizing local ion dynamics reflect the complexation of the cations by the oligoether side chains of the polymer. 7 Li and 19 F diffusion coefficients and their activation energies are rather similar, suggesting the formation of ion pairs and clusters with similar activation barriers for cation and/or anion long-range transport. Activation energies of local reorientations are generally significantly smaller than activation energies of long range diffusion. Long range transport is affected by (1) the coupling of conformational side chain reorientations to the cation movement, and (2) the correlated diffusion of cations and anions within ion pairs. Ion pairs and their dissociation play a major role in controlling the resulting conductivity of the material. Guidelines for material optimization in terms of a maximized conductivity can thus be derived by identifying a compromise between high ionic mobility and good Li complexation by the coordinating side chains.
A facile method to synthesize nanosized metal oxides from their corresponding bulk materials (2012)

In this work, we present a facile and reproducible one-pot approach to synthesize a series of nanosized metal oxides (CdO, PbO, ZnO, SnO and Ga2O3) using their corresponding bulk materials as precursors. These nanosized metal oxides were synthesized by heating the mixture of the metal oxide, oleic acid and oleylamine directly, and retained the structure of the corresponding bulk material. For lead oxide, both the original orthorhombic and the tetragonal PbO were successfully synthesized by varying the reaction temperature. The optical properties of nanosized CdO, PbO and ZnO show a significant quantum confinement effect compared with their behavior in the bulk phase. Moreover, we proposed the possible mechanism of the reaction in which the dissolution–recrystallization process provided the dominant contribution.
Enhanced Risk of Thromboembolic Disease in Hypertension from Platelet Hyperfunction and Decreased Fibrinolytic Activity (1992)

Enhanced platelet function and a decrease in fibrinolytic activity have been reported in patients with mild hypertension after treatment with various nonselective β-blockers. Until now, such changes have not been reported during treatment with β1-selective drugs or with agents that have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity has not been fully elucidated. Calcium antagonists of various types, however, are known to decrease platelet release in vivo whereas their effects on platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity are less clear. The new dihydropy- ridine calcium antagonist isradipine, when tested in a group of patients with mild hypertension, resulted in a decrease in platelet aggregation, a shortened euglobulin clot-lysis time, and a dramatic increase in t-PA (tissue-plasminogen activator) activity after 14 days of treatment. These changes remained stable throughout the 1-year study period. The fact that antihypertensive therapy does not always result in the hoped-for prolongation of life, despite satisfactory blood pressure reduction, may be in part due to an unfavorable impact on various components of the blood-clotting system.
An optimization model for routing in low Earth orbit satellite constellations (2002)

A large set of satellite constellations has been proposed to address communication services with worldwide coverage and once data is in the sky, a major issue consists of redistributing it on Earth in a proper way. This work addresses the routing problem in satellite networks. An optimization model is presented. In our model, the communication flow is not divided into several routes, the topology is considered fixed in each state the satellite goes through and the ISL's (inter-satellite link) capacities are predefined.