gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metrology of complex refractive index for solids in the terahertz regime using frequency domain spectroscopy (2018)

Frequency domain spectroscopy allows an experimenter to establish optical properties of solids in a wide frequency band including the technically challenging 3-10 THz region, and in other bands enables metrological comparison between competing techniques. We advance a method for extracting the optical properties of high-index solids using only transmission-mode frequency domain spectroscopy of plane-parallel Fabry-Perot optical flats. We show that different data processing techniques yield different kinds of systematic error, and that some commonly used techniques have inherent systematic errors which are underappreciated. We use model datasets to cross-compare algorithms in isolation from experimental errors, and propose a new algorithm which has qualitatively different systematic errors to its competitors. We show that our proposal is more robust to experimental non-idealities such as noise or apodization, and extract the complex refractive index spectrum of crystalline silicon as a practical example. Finally, we advance the idea that algorithms are complementary rather than competitive, and should be used as part of a toolbox for better metrology.
Highly Stereoselective Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component C−H Bond Addition Cascade (2016)

A highly stereoselective three-component C(sp(2) )-H bond addition across alkene and polarized π-bonds is reported for which Co(III) catalysis was shown to be much more effective than Rh(III) . The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature with both aryl and alkyl enones employed as efficient coupling partners. Moreover, the reaction exhibits extremely broad scope with respect to the aldehyde input; electron rich and poor aromatic, alkenyl, and branched and unbranched alkyl aldehydes all couple in good yield and with high diastereoselectivity. Multiple directing groups participate in this transformation, including pyrazole, pyridine, and imine functional groups. Both aromatic and alkenyl C(sp(2) )-H bonds undergo the three-component addition cascade, and the alkenyl addition product can readily be converted into diastereomerically pure five-membered lactones. Additionally, the first asymmetric reactions with Co(III) -catalyzed C-H functionalization are demonstrated with three-component C-H bond addition cascades employing N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines. These examples represent the first transition metal catalyzed C-H bond additions to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines, which are versatile and extensively used intermediates for the asymmetric synthesis of amines.
Study of plasmon resonance in a gold nanorod with an LC circuit model (2009)

Gold nanorod has generated great research interest due to its tunable longitudinal plasmon resonance. However, little progress has been made in the understanding of the effect. A major reason is that, except for the metallic spheres and ellipsoids, the interaction between light and nanoparticles is generally insoluble. In this paper, a new scheme has been proposed to study the plasmon resonance of gold nanorod, in which the nanorod is modeled as an LC circuit with an inductance and a capacitance. The obtained resonance wavelength is dependent on not only aspect ratio but also rod radius, suggesting the importance of self-inductance and the breakdown of linear scaling. Moreover, the cross sections for light scattering and absorption have been deduced analytically, giving rise to a Lorentzian line-shape for the extinction spectrum. The result provides us with new insight into the phenomenon.
Numerical Renormalization Group Study of Two-Level Kondo Effect: Discovery of New Fixed Point (2003)

The model of two-level Kondo effect is studied by the Wilson numerical renormalization group method. It is shown that there exist a new type of weak-coupling fixed point other than the strong-coupling fixed point found by Vladar and Zawadowski two decades ago by means of the one-loop and two-loop renormalization group methods. PACS numbers: 72.10.Fk, 72.15.Qm, 73.40.Gk 1.
Identification of a neural development gene expression signature in colon cancer stem cells reveals a role for EGR2 in tumorigenesis (2022)

Recent evidence demonstrates that colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) can generate neurons that synapse with tumor innervating fibers required for tumorigenesis and disease progression. Greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CSC driven tumor neurogenesis may therefore lead to more effective treatments. RNA-sequencing analyses of ALDH<sup>Positive</sup> CSCs from colon cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) showed CSCs to be enriched for neural development genes. Functional analyses of genes differentially expressed in CSCs from PDO and PDX models demonstrated the neural crest stem cell (NCSC) regulator <i>EGR2</i> to be required for tumor growth and to control expression of homebox superfamily embryonic master transcriptional regulator <i>HOX</i> genes and the neural stem cell and master cell fate regulator <i>SOX2</i>. These data support CSCs as the source of tumor neurogenesis and suggest that targeting <i>EGR2</i> may provide a therapeutic differentiation strategy to eliminate CSCs and block nervous system driven disease progression.
Fibrinolysis in Congenital Heart Disease: Preoperative Treatment with Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid. (1968)

s1 May 1968Fibrinolysis in Congenital Heart Disease: Preoperative Treatment with Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid.Isadore Brodsky, M.D., F.A.C.P., Donald N. Gill, M.D., Charles J. Lusch, M.D.Isadore Brodsky, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Donald N. Gill, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles J. Lusch, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1165_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe existence of preoperative fibrinolysis and the response to treatment with epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) were studied in six patients with cyanotic or acyanotic congenital heart disease. The fibrinolytic mechanism and the third stage of coagulation were evaluated with [1] euglobulin clot lysis time, [2] serial thrombin time, [3] platelet count, [4] plasma fibrinogen, and [5] presence of split products of fibrinogen. The first and second stages of coagulation were studied with prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and factor V assay. All six patients had primary fibrinolysis of varying degrees of severity and were treated preoperatively with EACA. This resulted... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFibrinogen half-life in children with cyanotic congenital heart diseaseReference 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1165-1165KeywordsBlood plasmaCongenital heart diseaseFibrinogenFibrinolysisPartial thromboplastin timePlateletsProthrombin timeThrombin Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Spectral reorganization of space-time wave packets in presence of normal group-velocity dispersion (2022)

Space-time wave packets (STWPs) are pulsed beams that propagate invariantly (without diffraction or dispersion) in linear media. The behavior of STWPs in free space is now well-established, and recently their propagation invariance was confirmed in both the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. However, yet-to-be-observed rich dynamics of spectral reorganization have been predicted to occur in the presence of normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD). Indeed, propagation invariance in the normal-GVD regime is compatible with spatio-temporal spectra that are X-shaped, hyperbolic, parabolic, elliptical, or even separable along the spatial and temporal degrees-of-freedom. These broad varieties of field structures can be classified in a two-dimensional space parameterized by the group velocity of the STWP and its central axial wave number. Here we observe the entire span of spectral reorganization for STWPs in the paraxial regime in normally dispersive ZnSe at a wavelength $\sim1$~$μ$m with STWPs of on-axis pulse width of $\sim\!200$~fs. By tuning the group velocity and central axial wave number of the STWP, we observe transitions in the structure of the spatio-temporal spectrum and verify the associated change in its intensity profile. These results lay the foundation for initiating novel phase-matched nonlinear processes using STWPs in dispersive media.
MAGNETO-GYROTROPIC PHOTOGALVANIC EFFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS (2008)

The spin-orbit coupling provides a versatile tool to generate and to manipulate the spin degree of freedom in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. The spin Hall effect, where an electric current drives a transverse spin current and causes a nonequilibrium spin accumulation near the sample boundary, 1,2 the spin-galvanic effect, where a nonequilibrium spin polarization drives an electric current 3,4 or the reverse process, in which an electrical current generates a non-equilibrium spin-polarization, 5–9 are all consequences of spin-orbit coupling. In order to observe a spin Hall effect a bias driven current is an essential prerequisite. Then spin separation is caused via spin-orbit coupling either by Mott scattering (extrinsic spin Hall effect) or by spin splitting of the band structure (intrinsic spin Hall effect). Recently an elementary effect causing spin separation which is fundamentally different from that of the spin Hall effect has been observed. 10 In contrast to the spin Hall effect it does not require an electric current to flow: it is spin separation achieved by spin-dependent scattering of electrons in media with suitable symmetry. It is show that by free carrier (Drude) absorption of terahertz radiation spin separation is achieved in a wide range of temperatures from liquid helium temperature up to room temperature. Moreover the experimental results demonstrate that simple electron gas heating by any means is already sufficient to yield spin separation due to spin-dependent energy relaxation processes of non-equilibrium carriers. In order to demonstrate the existence of the spin separation due to asymmetric scattering the pure spin current was converted into an electric current. It is achieved by application of a magnetic field which polarizes spins. This is analogues to spin-dependent scattering in transport experiments: spin-dependent scattering in an unpolarized electron gas causes the extrinsic spin Hall effect, whereas in a spin-polarized electron gas a charge current, the anomalous Hall effect, can be observed. As both magnetic fields and gyrotropic mechanisms were used authors introduced the notation "magneto-gyrotropic photogalvanic effects" for this class of phenomena. The effect is observed in GaAs and InAs low dimensional structures at free-carrier absorption of terahertz radiation in a wide range of temperatures from liquid helium temperature up to room temperature. The results are well described by the phenomenological description based on the symmetry. Experimental and theoretical analysis evidences unumbiguously that the observed photocurrents are spin-dependent. Microscopic theory of this effect based on asymmetry of photoexcitation and relaxation processes are developed being in a good agreement with experimental data. Note from Publisher: This article contains the abstract only.
Highly reliable high-efficiency wavelength-stabilized 885 nm diode laser bars (2009)

We report on the progress of highly-reliable, high-efficiency 885-nm diode laser bar arrays. Conduction-cooled hardsoldered bars rated to 60W and 57% conversion efficiency demonstrate &gt;30,000 device hours under 1-sec on, 1-sec off hard pulse conditions failure-free. Microchannel-cooled bars rated to 100W and 62% efficiency demonstrate &gt;100,000 accelerated device hours failure-free. Integrated volume Bragg grating fast axis lenses provide wavelength stabilization at low cost. Vertically stacked arrays (seven bars each) of such configuration are demonstrated with a 0.8 nm FWHM spectral width and rated to 700W, 53% conversion efficiency.
Differential responses of pancreatic β-cells to ROS and RNS (2013)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) direct the activation of distinct signaling pathways that determine cell fate. In this study, the pathways activated and the mechanisms by which ROS and RNS control the viability of pancreatic β-cells were examined. Although both nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induce DNA damage, reduce cell viability, and activate AMPK, the mechanisms of AMPK activation and cell death induction differ between each reactive species. Nitric oxide activates the unfolded protein and heat shock responses and MAPK kinase signaling, whereas H₂O₂ stimulates p53 stabilization and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation but fails to induce the unfolded protein or heat shock responses or MAPK activation. The control of cell fate decisions is selective for the form of stress. H₂O₂-mediated reduction in β-cell viability is controlled by PARP, whereas cell death in response to nitric oxide is PARP independent but associated with the nuclear localization of GAPDH. These findings show that both ROS and RNS activate AMPK, induce DNA damage, and reduce cell viability; however, the pathways controlling the responses of β-cells are selective for the type of reactive species.
Delivery of MDR1 Small Interfering RNA by Self-Complementary Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector (2005)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are potentially powerful tools for therapeutic gene regulation. DNA cassettes encoding RNA polymerase III promoter-driven hairpin siRNAs allow long-term expression of siRNA in targeted cells. A variety of viral vectors have been used to deliver such cassettes to cells. Here we report on the development and use of a self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated virus (scAAV) vector for siRNA delivery into mammalian cells. We demonstrate that this modified vector efficiently delivers siRNA into multidrug-resistant human breast and oral cancer cells and suppresses MDR1 gene expression. This results in rapid, profound, and durable reduction in the expression of the P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter and a substantial reversion of the drug-resistant phenotype. This research suggests that scAAV-based vectors can be very effective agents for efficient delivery of therapeutic siRNA.
Electrochemical characterization of titanium nitride microelectrode arrays for charge-injection applications (2004)

A key issue in the development of neural prosthetic systems has been the selection of appropriate electrode materials. Titanium Nitride (TIN) offers several advantages including higher surface area provided by its columnar structure and capacitive charge-injection process. Both dc and ac electrochemical techniques were employed in the study. The results showed that no oxidation and reduction peaks were observed within water window potentials. TiN surface was stable when stimulated by a charge balanced biphasic current pulse within the water window. Gassing on the electrode surface appears damaging TiN coating and causing loss of charge injection capacity.
Protective effect of curcumin, silymarin and N-acetylcysteine on antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity assessed in an in vitro model (2012)

Tuberculosis (TB) is highly endemic in India. The first-line anti-TB therapy (ATT) involving isoniazid (INH), rifampicin and pyrazinamide causes hepatotoxicity in approximately 11.5% of Indian patients. Studies have shown that ATT-induced hepatotoxicity is primarily due to oxidative stress caused by the drugs and metabolites. Herbal drugs with antioxidative properties have been tested in animal studies and clinical trials for the management of hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of curcumin (CUR), silymarin (SILY) and N-acetylcysteine (N-ACET) on hepatotoxicity by ATT drugs using an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). HepG2 cells were treated with ATT drugs alone or along with CUR, SILY or N-ACET for a 48-h duration. The cells were monitored for viability, morphology, respiring mitochondria and cell cycle. Our results suggest that the presence of hepatoprotective drugs during treatment of HepG2 cells with ATT drugs lowers the hepatotoxic effect of the latter. This is observed in terms of (a) increased cell viability, (b) healthy-looking cell morphology as revealed by phase contrast microscopy, (c) active respiring cells as observed with confocal microscopy upon staining with a mitochondrial membrane-specific dye, MitoTracker(®) Red, and reduction in the sub-G(1) peak in cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that these hepatoprotective drugs need to be further explored as potential adjuvant therapy along with ATT drugs.
Reaction of 2-Naphthylamine with Sodium Iodate/Sodium Sulfite: Synthesis of 2-Amino-1-iodonaphthalene (2011)

Abstract The reaction of 2-naphthylamine with NaIO3/Na2SO3/HCl yields exclusively 2-amino-1-iodonaphthalene and not regioisomer 2-amino-3-iodonaphthalene as was previously reported. The assigned structure is supported by spectroscopic data. Keywords: Aromatic iodinationiodonaphthaleneregioselective
Protocol for Development of the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire: The Screening Version of the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (2020)

Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) will be tested as a screening version of ISAA, which can be used by community health workers, teachers, or school counselors. The IASQ will not provide a diagnosis of autism. A positive screening result should be followed by a thorough assessment by a trained specialist. Analyzing the psychometric properties of the test can help ensure cost-effective screening of the community to identify autism.
Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2007)

This paper reviews the recent progress of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers developed as ultrawideband polarization-insensitive high-power amplifiers, high-speed signal regenerators, and wideband wavelength converters. A semiconductor optical amplifier having a gain of > 25 dB, noise figure of < 5 dB, and 3-dB saturation output power of > 20 dBm, over the record widest bandwidth of 90 nm among all kinds of optical amplifiers, and also having a penalty-free output power of 23 dBm, the record highest among all the semiconductor optical amplifiers, was realized by using quantum dots. By utilizing isotropically shaped quantum dots, the TM gain, which is absent in the standard Stranski-Krastanow QDs, has been drastically enhanced, and nearly polarization-insensitive SOAs have been realized for the first time. With an ultrafast gain response unique to quantum dots, an optical regenerator having receiver-sensitivity improving capability of 4 dB at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> and operating speed of > 40 Gb/s has been successfully realized with an SOA chip. This performance achieved together with simplicity of structure suggests a potential for low-cost realization of regenerative transmission systems.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and colored fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus interna (GPi) (2010)

Colored FA maps allow a potential method to identify the STN and GPi accurately. DTI has proven to be a powerful tool that can be used to augment identification of the STN nucleus and GPi used for stereotactic surgery.
Efficient wavelength converters with flattop responses based on counterpropagating cascaded SFG and DFG in low-loss QPM LiNbO_3 waveguides (2009)

A wavelength converter based on counterpropagating quasi-phase matched cascaded sum and difference frequency generation in lossy lithium niobate waveguide is numerically evaluated and compared to a single-pass scheme assuming a large pump wavelength difference of 75 nm. A double-pass device is proposed to improve the conversion efficiency while the response flattening is accomplished by increasing the wavelength tuning of one pump. The criteria for the design of the low-loss waveguide length, and the assignment of power in the pumps to achieve the desired efficiency, ripple and bandwidth are presented.
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of the Environmentally Friendly Wood-Plastic Composites (2013)

Good bonding at the interface between HDPE (High density polyethylene) and wood flour was achieved by adding MA (Maleic anhydride) as surface-reactive additive and WD-50 (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) as coupling agent products. HDPE- g -MA was prepared by melt grafting polymerization in the presence of DCP (Dicumyl peroxide) using a Hakke Rheocord. The FTIR spectra conformed that MA was successfully grafted onto HDPE and the effects of DCP and MA contents on grafting reaction were also studied. The effects of silane coupling agent (WD-50), wood flour and HDPE- g -MA contents on the mechanical properties of the HDPE-based wood-plastic composites were investigated by electronic tensile tester and impact test enginery. The results indicated that WD-50 (with the content of 2 wt%) and HDPE- g -MA (with the content of 10 wt%) effectively improved mechanical properties of the composite materials .
Backscatter communications with NOMA (Invited Paper) (2018)

In this paper, we study a multiple access monostatic backscatter communication (BackCom) system, where one reader talks to multiple backscatter nodes (BNs). We propose to use nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to improve the efficiency of BackCom system. Specifically, the reader uses the feedback signal during the training phase to separate the multiple BNs into two groups. The reader then randomly pairs the BNs from these two groups to implement NOMA. We propose to set the reflection coefficients for these two groups differently to further distinguish the reflected signal power for the paired BNs. To characterize the network performance, we derive an analytical expression for the success rate which shows the percentage of bits that can be successfully decoded in one time slot. We also present the design guideline of the reflection coefficients for the two groups to maximize the system performance. Our numerical results show that increasing the readers transmit power has little impact on the system performance when the channel condition on the transmission link is less severe. Instead, the proper choice of the reflection coefficients for the two groups of BNs can greatly enhance the BackCom system.
New pattern generation system based on i-line stepper: photomask repeater (2000)

New pattern generation system, Photomask Repeater, based on i-line stepper has been developed. This system can transfer device patterns from master masks onto a photomask plate with 22mm field size. To print a chip larger than the 22mm field, stitching technology has been developed. Critical dimension error in the region where shots are stitched is the key issue of this technology. Quantification of critical dimension deviation induced by shot misplacement was carried out by calculation. Introducing exposure dose gradation, it was reduced less than 1.5nm. Form measurements of real exposed mask this technique proved to be able to stitch shots seamlessly. Major two specifications, pattern placement accuracy and critical dimension uniformity, were evaluated. Both specifications required for 150nm photomask were fully satisfied. Availability of the photomask repeater to memory device and system on chip is discussed.