gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nonlinear Distortion on the Perceived Quality of Music and Speech Signals (2003)

The effect of various types of nonlinear distortion on the perceived quality of speech and music signals was examined. In experiments I and 2, artificial distortions were used, including hard and soft symmetrical and asymmetrical peak clipping of various amounts, center clipping, and full-range waveform distortion produced by raising the instantaneous absolute value of the waveform to a power (¬=1) while preserving the sign. Subjects were asked to rate the perceived amount of distortion on a ten-point scale (where 1 was most distorted and 10 least distorted). In experiment 1 the distortions were applied to the broadband signals. In experiment 2 the distortions were applied to subbands of the signal. Results were highly consistent across subjects and test sessions. Center clipping and soft clipping had only small effects on the ratings, whereas hard clipping and the full-range distortions had large effects. The subjective ratings were compared to physical measures of distortion based on multitone test signals. A distortion measure, DS, derived from the output spectrum of each nonlinear system in response to a 10-component multitone signal gave high negative correlations with the subjective ratings (correlations were negative as large values of DS were associated with low ratings). A further experiment was conducted using stimuli for which nonlinear distortion was introduced by recording the outputs of real transducers. The output signals were digitally filtered to reduce irregularities in the amplitude-frequency response as far as possible. The results showed moderately strong negative correlations between the subjective ratings and the objective measure DS. It was concluded, that an objective measure of nonlinear distortion based on the use of a multitone signal can predict the perceptual effects of nonlinear distortion reasonably well.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emission of asphalt pavement preservation at construction and use stages using life-cycle assessment (2019)

This article focused on quantifying environmental impact of asphalt pavement preservation at construction and use stage using life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Preservation treatments considered in the analysis include thin overlay, chip seal, and crack seal that are typically used by highway agencies. At construction stage, there are significant differences in emissions caused by various preservation treatments mainly due to different raw material components and manufacturing processes. At use stage, fuel consumptions vary significantly depending on tire rolling resistance that is affected by pavement surface characteristics. The Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions at the use stage were predicted using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) and pavement roughness models obtained from Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. The results show that pavement preservation brings significant environmental benefit in reduction of CO2 emission due to the improved pavement surface condition despite the emission generated at construction stage. Thin overlay produces the highest life-cycle reduction in CO2 emission due to the large International Roughness Index (IRI) jump after treatment; while crack seal has the lowest reduction of CO2 emission. The optimum application timing of preservation treatment was determined for chip seal and thin overlay assuming one-time treatment applied before reaching the IRI threshold.
Decision making for remote robotic operations (2004)

Robotic systems are often used for remote operations in Department of Energy Environmental Management applications because they allow the removal of personnel from dangerous environments. Typically, these systems are operated in pure teleoperation mode by a human operator. While these systems are capable of performing many tasks, their performance can be greatly enhanced through the use of telerobotics (a combination of teleoperation, automation, and decision making). This paper describes an analytical approach to decision making for robotic systems used in remote operations. This approach utilizes redundancy in the system or the task to improve the overall system performance based on analytical criteria. The approach is illustrated by application to the dual arm telerobot at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the pit viper system at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). In both instances, decision making clearly reduces the operator involvement in tedious tasks while improving performance.
Non-contact, scattering-independent water absorption measurement using a falling stream and integrating sphere (1999)

We have applied an integrating sphere to the measurement of optical absorption in process waters containing high levels of scattering particles. The sphere greatly reduces the effects of scattering, which appear in a conventional transmission measurement as an apparent absorption. Additionally, the water sample flows through the sphere in the form of an unconstrained falling stream, allowing non-contact measurement and removing the fouling suffered by wetted cuvette windows.
Unfolding physiological state: mortality modelling in intensive care units (2014)

Accurate knowledge of a patient’s disease state and trajec-tory is critical in a clinical setting. Modern electronic health-care records contain an increasingly large amount of data, and the ability to automatically identify the factors that influence patient outcomes stand to greatly improve the ef-ficiency and quality of care. We examined the use of latent variable models (viz. La-tent Dirichlet Allocation) to decompose free-text hospital notes into meaningful features, and the predictive power of these features for patient mortality. We considered three prediction regimes: (1) baseline prediction, (2) dynamic (time-varying) outcome prediction, and (3) retrospective outcome prediction. In each, our prediction task differs from the familiar time-varying situation whereby data accumulates;
Quantification of generated Social Impact: Case Analysis (2013)

espanolCon objeto de exponer la posibilidad de cuantificar el valor social desde la perspectiva de la teoria de stakeholder, se analizan y explican las variables y los conceptos determinantes para crear un modelo cuantitativo que de forma significativa establezca dicho valor social. A traves del estudio del fenomeno y mediante el uso de entrevistas en profundidad y dinamicas de grupo y utilizando como base la metodologia del Analisis de Caso, este trabajo trata de llenar el vacio en la literatura en cuanto a la aportacion de estudios que demuestren la posibilidad de cuantificar el valor social en las organizaciones. Los resultados de este estudio revelan importantes implicaciones a los estudios sobre valoracion de empresas; ya que aquellas variables economicas y financieras no son capaces de establecer el valor total generado de la empresa; por ello es necesario estipular y cuantificar el valor social. Asi, y desde la teoria de stakeholder con objeto de la creacion incremental de valor en la empresa; y en funcion del interes en vez de en el rol del stakeholder al que se le ofrece la informacion, se desarrolla un modelo que determina el valor social de una organizacion. Asimismo, dicho modelo permite un analisis comparativo, no solo del valor social, sino tambien del valor global, y en consecuencia permite analizar de forma conjunta la eficiencia comparada de distintas entidades, independientemente de su tipo: mercantil, social, publico o non-profit. La sistematizacion de este valor social conllevara a futuro la integracion de este valor en el PIB. EnglishIn order to show the possibility of quantifying the social value from the stakeholder theory perspective, we analyze and explain the variables and concepts necessary to develop a quantitative model that establish in a significant way such social value. Through the study of the phenomenon and by using in-depth interviews and group dynamics and based on the Case Study methodology, this paper attempts to fill the void in the literature regarding the contribution of studies demonstrating the ability to quantify social value in organizations. The results of this study reveal important implications for the studies about companies' valuations, because economic and financial variables are not able to establish the total value generated by the company, so it is necessary to provide and quantify the social value. Thus, and from stakeholder theory in order to create incremental value in the company; and based on interest rather than on the role of the stakeholder to which information is offered, it is developed a model that determines the social value of an organization. Furthermore, the model allows a comparative analysis, not only of social value, but also the overall value, and consequently to analyze jointly the comparative efficiency of different entities, independently of their type: commercial, social, public or non-profit. The systematization of this social value will lead to future integration of this value in GDP.
Mechanisms underpinning the hypertension in juvenile rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia (2009)

Neural and/or hormonal mechanisms underlying the hypertension of juvenile male Wistar rats (20‐21 days) exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH, 6% O 2 for 40 s every 9 min, 8 h/day) for 10 days were evaluated. Prior to CIH, baseline systolic arterial pressure (SAP), measured indirectly, was similar between CIH and control rats. After CIH, SAP recorded directly was higher in CIH (n=28) than in control group [n=29, (131±3 vs 115±2 mmHg, P&lt;0.05)]. This higher SAP of CIH rats was associated with increases in the power of oscillatory components at low and high (respiratory‐related) frequencies, but not with changes in spontaneous cardiac baroreflex, in comparison to controls. Sequential i.v. injections of losartan (AT 1 receptor antagonist) and AVPx (Vasopressin 1a receptor antagonist) did not affect baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) in either CIH (n=8) or control groups (n=9), while hexamethonium (ganglionic blocker), injected after losartan and AVPx, produced a larger depressor response in CIH than in control group (‐53±2 vs ‐42±2 mmHg, P&lt;0.05). Fifteen days after the cessation of CIH exposure MAP of CIH rats returned to normal levels. The data indicate that the hypertension observed in CIH‐treated juvenile rats is mainly dependent on sympathetic overactivity and is under a higher respiratory modulation, suggesting augmented respiratory‐sympathetic coupling in CIH‐induced hypertension. Supported by FAPESP and CNPq.
Enantiomerek és diasztereomerek elválasztása szuperkritikus állapotú oldószerekben = Separation of enantiomers and diastereomers in supercritical fluids (2013)

A BME-n a csoport által korábban kifejlesztett igen hatékony szuperkritikus extrakciós reszolválás tapasztalataiból kiindulva további enantiomer előállítási módszereket fejlesztettünk. A világon elsőként valósítottunk meg in situ diasztereomer só képzést tiszta szuperkritikus szén-dioxidban és kimutattuk, hogy a nyomás és a hőmérséklet befolyásolja a sóképzési reakció sebességét és a diasztereomer sók egyensúlyi arányát is. A szuperkritikus szén-dioxidot antiszolvensként alkalmazva nagy enantiomer tisztaságú (ee) és mikroméretű diasztereomer só kristályosítására alkalmas eljárást dolgoztunk ki. A legfontosabb eredménye az antiszolvens kristályosításon alapuló reszolválásnak a “know how”, ami akár az ee érték maximalizálását akár a szemcseméret eloszlás szabályozását lehetővé teheti. A harmadik módszer, aminek alkalmazhatóságát bemutattuk az a szuperkritikus szén-dioxid oldószerben végrehajtott enzimkatalizált kinetikus reszolválás, amit kedvező oldhatósági viszonyok esetén termékelválasztással összekapcsolható. Elsőként valósítottuk meg hatékonyan ezt a koncepciót egy laktám-vegyület gyűrűnyitási reakciójával, valamint elsőként végeztünk &gt;98% ee értékű termékeket eredményező konszekutív észterezést szakaszos és folyamatos reaktorban. Mind a három módszer esetén állítottunk elő 90% feletti enantiomer tisztaságú termékeket, azonban ebben az esetben eddig csak az enzimkatalizált reszolválás esetében közelítette meg a termelés az 50-50%-ot. | Based on the experiences with resolution methods based on supercritical extraction developed earlier by our group at BME, we have developed new processes for the production of enantiomers. We were the first in the world to demonstrate in situ diastereomeric salt formation in pure supercritical carbon dioxide, and we have shown that pressure and temperature have an effect on the rate of the salt formation reaction and the equilibrium ratio of diastereomeric salts. Using carbon dioxide as an antisolvent, we have developed a process for crystallizing micron-size diastereomeric salt with high enantiomeric purity (ee). The most important result of the antisolvent-based crystallization is the "know how", enabling either the maximization of ee values or controlling the particle size distribution. The third method for producing enantiomers that we have shown to be applicable is enzyme catalyzed kinetic resolution in supercritical carbon dioxide, which can be coupled with product separation provided the solubilities are favorable, resulting in enantiopure products. A proof of concept reaction with coupled separation was successfully implemented for the first time, with a lactame ring opening reaction. Also, first consecutive acylation resulting &gt;98% ee products was developed in batch and continuous supercritical reactors. Products with ee higher than 90% have been obtained with all three methods, however, only the yields of the enzyme catalyzed resolution have come close to 50-50%.
[Optical properties of tissues and organs in relation to laser rays with a wave length of 632.8 and 488 nm]. (1978)

The authors measure the coefficient of attenuation of the equivalent depth of penetration in tissues and organs of rats of helium-neon and argon lasers with the generation wave length of 632.8 and 488 nm, respectively. Blood and organs with numerous capillaries proved to have the greatest capacity to absorb laser ray energy. With the reduction of the generation wave length there occurred a sharp partial elevation of the absorptive capacity of the blood. This permits to expect a greater blood photoreactivity to laser rays generating in the short wave part of the visible wave length range.
MicroRNAs in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2007)

4519 Treatment success for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), both B- and T-cell, is one of cancer research’s greatest achievements. However, while molecular determinants of outcome have been identified for B-ALL, no useful prognostic factors for T-ALL have been identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 21-23 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that can positively or negatively regulate gene expression and have recently been shown to have prognostic potential. Using a miRNA gene chip to investigate the involvement of miRNA in T-ALL, we analyzed the miRNA expression in RNA from 41 individual T-ALL cell samples, 4 normal thymocyte samples and 9 normal blood mono-nuclear cell (MNC) samples hybridized against arrays containing 368 (161 human or 460 (235 human) miRNA genes. Differentially expressed miRNAs were observed in T-ALL vs. the normal samples. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed homogenous but distinctive expression profiles for each sample type, with T-ALL samples falling into a cluster that was distinct from that of MNCs or thymocytes. Using LInear Models for MicroArrays (LIMMA) to evaluate differential expression between T-ALL and thymocytes, we identified 43 genes that had statistically significant differences in expression levels between the two groups (P In conclusion, we have characterized the miRNA expression profile of T-ALL and have identified a number or miR genes that are highly downregulated vs. normal thymocytes. The combined downregulation of related miR genes on 9q22 suggests downregulation of the entire primary transcript is occurring in T-ALL. However, the observation that related genes on 19p13 are also among the most significantly down-regulated miR genes in T-ALL increases the likelihood that one or more genes of this cluster may play a role in T-ALL biology.
Creating mass signatures for the detection of microRNA (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and have already been associated with 160+ diseases. With the small sizes of miRNAs (19–25 nt) and the increasing number of human miRNAs (>2000) being reported, the accurate detection of a specific miRNA has continued to be a challenging issue. In this report, a new concept for improving the accuracy of direct mass spectrometric (MS) measurements of miRNAs is introduced. The concept aims at creating a unique signature in the mass spectrum of miRNA. To achieve this goal, one way is to capture a specific miRNA by using a complementary DNA probe. The miRNA is then eluted and digested with a specific endonuclease. The digested miRNA fragments are directly measured by using MS. The multiple peaks that correspond to the digested miRNA fragments are collectively defined as a mass signature of the miRNA being analyzed. Since the peak pattern is dependent on the intrinsic property, i.e. RNA sequence, of a specific miRNA, it is referred to as an intrinsic mass signature. Alternatively, a unique mass signature can be created by incorporating one or more extra nucleotides into the 3′ end of miRNA and the extended miRNA is measured by using MS. The molecular mass of the extended miRNA, which is defined as an extended mass signature, is expected to be different from the other miRNAs within the same sample. In comparison to matching the measured molecular mass of an undigested or unextended miRNA molecule to the expected molecular mass, the two different approaches to create a unique mass signature can improve the accuracy on qualitative MS detection of a specific miRNA.
The crystal chemistry of new double Bi / M oxyphosphates, association of O(Bi,M)4 tetrahedra in polycationic ribbons (2003)

poster
Supplementary Table 1 from Distinct Patterns of Dysregulated Expression of Enzymes Involved in Androgen Synthesis and Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 73K, List of studied transcripts for enzymes involved in androgen synthesis and metabolism in prostate cancer&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of Presurgical and Immediate Postsurgical Ibuprofen on Postoperative Periodontal Pain (1992)

Previous studies have indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administered prior to oral surgery procedures are effective in reducing postoperative pain. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of medicating with ibuprofen immediately presurgically to medicating immediately postsurgically on postoperative pain associated with periodontal surgery. Sixty patients who were to undergo periodontal surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups: the I-pretreatment group received 600 mg ibuprofen immediately presurgically and placebo immediately after the surgery; the I-post-treatment group received placebo before surgery and 600 mg ibuprofen postsurgically; the placebo group received placebo at both time periods. Responses from an 8-hour pain diary completed by each subject were quantified and statistically evaluated non-parametrically. Results indicated that dosing with ibuprofen either immediately before or immediately after periodontal surgery significantly delays onset of pain as compared to placebo, with dosing after surgery demonstrating a significantly greater delay of onset of pain as compared to dosing presurgically. In addition, unlike the presurgical dosing, dosing postsurgically significantly decreases mean pain intensity for a combined 8-hour period following periodontal surgery as compared to placebo.
Game theory and learning techniques for self-organization in small cell networks (2015)

The tremendous increase of bandwidth-craving mobile applications (e.g., video streaming, video chatting, and online gaming) has posed enormous challenges to the design of future wireless networks. Deploying small cells (e.g., pico, micro, and femto) has been shown to be an efficient and cost-effective solution to support this constantly rising demand since the smaller cell size can provide higher link quality and more efficient spatial reuse [1]. Small cells could also deliver some other benefits such as offloading the macro network traffic, providing service to coverage holes and regions with poor signal reception (e.g., macro cell edges). Following this trend, the evolving 5G networks [2] are expected to be composed of hundreds of interconnected heterogeneous small cells.
현대일본어의 문법적복합동사의 조건과 그 주변 - test frame 을 통한 함의관곌르 중심으로 - (1998)

本稿では傳統文法における複合動詞に分類してきたRenyookei formsの複合動詞が文法的性質から構成されているのか, 語彙的性質から構成されているのかの設定基準と下位區分を中心に으로test frameの節次を通じ含意關係を調査してみた. その結果, 明らかになったことを整理してみるとつぎのようである. まず, 後項動詞の機能によって文法的複合動詞と語彙的複合動詞に分け, 文法的複合動詞の中には性質によって完全な性質の複合動詞と不完全な性質の複合動詞(文法的なものと語彙的なものが共にある兩用可能な複合動詞)がある. 前者を完全文法的複合動詞と設定し, 後者を不完全文法的複合動詞と設定して調査してみた. 先行硏究と對照すると, 次のようである. 影山(1993) ① 統語的複合動詞 ② 語彙的複合動詞 森山(1988) ① 統語的複合動詞 ② 語彙的複合動詞 ③ 中間的複合動詞 本稿 ① 文法的複合動詞 (ⓐ 完全文法的複合動詞, ⓑ 不完全文法的複合動詞) ② 語彙的複合動詞 また, 文法的複合動詞と語彙的複合動詞を區別するため下位區分としてつぎのような條件(環境)の設定基準を立てることができる. 森山 ① 文法的要素揷入(受動) ② 代形(ソウスル)可能 ③ 補文構造可能 ④ スル(ヤル)前項可能 ⑤ 複合의 量的制限 影山 ① 文法的要素揷入(受動) ② 代形(ソウスル)可能 ③ 重複構文可能 ④ サ燮動詞可能 ⑤ 主語尊敬可能 本稿 ① Grammatical component parts 揷入(受動, 使役)의 可能性 ② Alinenable possession可能性 ③ Paraphrase(具體, 抽象)可能性 ④ Verb sequence可能性 ⑤ Aspect 意味有無 上の五5つの設定基準によってtest frameの手續きを通じ含意關係を試みることによって複合動詞の內部構造の差異が分かるのである. 上の設定基準が絶對的なものではないが, 文法的な性質をもっているのか, 語彙的な性質をもっているのか, 複合動詞を判斷するための有益な根據になる條件であるから次のような內部構造の差異が見られた. 類型 文法的複合動詞 語彙的複合動詞 完全文法的 不完全文法的 Grammatical component parts揷入可能性 (不)可能 (不)可能 不可能 Alienable possession可能性 可能 (不)可能 (不)可能 Paraphrase可能性 可能 (不)可能 (不)可能 Verb sequence可能性 可能 (不)可能 不可能 Aspect 意味有無可能性 有 (有)無 無 以上のように文法的複合動詞と語彙的複合動詞の分類法はこれまでのKageyama以前の複合動詞硏究において同じように取り扱われてきたものとは異なる分類法である. 複合動詞の中には文法性の强いものと語彙性の强いものがあり, 文法性と語彙性を共にもっている兩用可能なものもあるというのが分かった. その差を糾明するたうのめ, 上のような5種類のtest frameの節次を設定し適用した結果, 動詞と動詞の間に文法的要素の揷入の可能性という手續きはニつの動詞の結合が文法的であるということを明示してくれる重要なmarkerという事實を確認することができた. あわせて後項動詞の意味の具體性と油象性, 分離の可能性と不可能性, ふたつ以上の動詞の結合の連續性と不連續性, aspect意味の有無などはそれがlexical的性質をもっているものか, grammatical的性質をもっているかの重要な手がかりになっており, 複合動詞の後項動詞の性質を明らかにするのに有益な手つづきになった. したがって, 文法的複合動詞は文構造のlevelの問題から, 語彙的複合動詞は語構造のlevelの問題で深く個別的硏究が要望されるのである.
Single‐shot multiecho parallel echo‐planar imaging (EPI) for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and reduced distortion (2008)

In this work, a multiecho parallel echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisition strategy is introduced as a way to improve the acquisition efficiency in parallel diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). With the use of an appropriate echo combination strategy, the sequence can provide signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement while maintaining the advantages of parallel EPI. Simulations and in vivo experiments demonstrate that a weighted summation of multiecho images provides a significant gain in SNR over the first echo image. It is experimentally demonstrated that this SNR gain can be utilized to reduce the number of measurements often required to ensure adequate SNR for accurate DTI measures. Furthermore, the multiple echoes can be used to derive a T(2) map, providing additional information that might be useful in some applications.