gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calorie Restriction and Skeletal Mass in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Evidence for an Effect Mediated Through Changes in Body Size (2001)

Little is known regarding the effects of prolonged calorie restriction (CR) on skeletal health. We investigated long-term (11 years) and short-term (12 months) effects of moderate CR on bone mass and biochemical indices of bone metabolism in male rhesus monkeys across a range of ages. A lower bone mass in long-term CR monkeys was accounted for by adjusting for age and body weight differences. A further analysis indicated that lean mass, but not fat mass, was a strong predictor of bone mass in both CR and control monkeys. No effect of short-term CR on bone mass was observed in older monkeys (mean age, 19 years), although young monkeys (4 years) subjected to short-term CR exhibited slower gains in total body bone density and content than age-matched controls. Neither biochemical markers of bone turnover nor hormonal regulators of bone metabolism were affected by long-term CR. Although osteocalcin concentrations were significantly lower in young restricted males after 1 month on 30% CR in the short-term study, they were no longer different from control values by 6 months on 30% CR.
A Novel Concept for the Best Coronal Alignment of Pedicle Screws in Multilevel Lumbar Posterior Instrumentation - A Technical Note - (2008)

Correct alignment of pedicle screws is imperative in multilevel instrumentation. However, there has been no report addressing the technical aspects of this subject. If the head diameter of a pedicle screw is D, the head height is H, and the convergence angle of the screw being inserted is α, then the distance between the extension line of the medial borders of the inserted screw heads and the insertion point of the adjacent screw (A) is described by the following formula: A = 1⁄2Dcos αHsin α If an L3 pedicle screw (D=13 mm, H=15 mm) is to be inserted with a convergence angle of 14 degrees after the insertion of L4 and L5 screws, its insertion point should be 3.6 mm medial to the extension line of the centers of the L4 and L5 screws and 2.7 mm lateral to the extension line of their medial borders for all screw heads, so it can be aligned in the coronal plane. In order to achieve the best alignment, a pedicle screw is inserted between the extended line of the centers and that of the medial borders of the inserted adjacent screw heads. For the routine range of convergence angles, it is essential to move the entry point medially toward the extended line connecting the medial borders of the inserted adjacent screw heads.
Steep Liquor Constituents, Identification and Determination of Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances in Corn Steep Liquor (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteep Liquor Constituents, Identification and Determination of Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances in Corn Steep LiquorD. D. Christianson, J. F. Cavins, and J. S. WallCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1965, 13, 3, 277–280Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60139a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60139a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integration of 45-degree micro-couplers in guided-wave optical clock distribution system for supercomputer (1998)

The clock skew and bandwidth limitations are serious problems for electrical interconnects when the clock rate in computer is pushed toward 1GHz and the beyond. Clock signal distribution using guided-wave optics provides a solution for these problems. The optical clock signals can be distributed to various locations using an H-tree polyimide waveguide structure with same delay time due to the equalized optical paths in the H-tree configuration. Surface-normal couplers are indispensable parts of such a system for the coupling of optical clock signals into and out from the waveguides while facilitating the packaging. A 45-degree surface-normal coupler was fabricated at the each fanout end of the H-tree structure. The waveguide is 10μm thick and 50 μm wide. The coupler is a 45 degree slanted end surface of the polyimide waveguide. The optical clock signals can be coupled out from the polyimide waveguides through the couplers surface-normally due to total internal reflection. The 45-degree surface-normal coupler can also couple the optical clock signal into the waveguide efficiently when the mode-matching condition is met. The coupler works for a wide range of wavelength. The measured output coupling efficiency is nearly 100%.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: An Overview (2022)

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are a significant public health concern. In populations without comorbidity and a mean age of 50 years, their prevalence is up to 3.2%. An efficient method for identifying subjects at high risk of an IA is warranted to provide adequate radiological screening guidelines and effectively allocate medical resources. Artificial intelligence (AI) has received worldwide attention for its impressive performance in image-based tasks. It can serve as an adjunct to physicians in clinical settings, improving diagnostic accuracy while reducing physicians' workload. AI can perform tasks such as pattern recognition, object identification, and problem resolution with human-like intelligence. Based on the data collected for training, AI can assist in decisions in a semi-autonomous manner. Similarly, AI can identify a likely diagnosis and also, select a suitable treatment based on health records or imaging data without any explicit programming (instruction set). Aneurysm rupture prediction is the holy grail of prediction modeling. AI can significantly improve rupture prediction, saving lives and limbs in the process. Nowadays, deep learning (DL) has shown significant potential in accurately detecting lesions on medical imaging and has reached, or perhaps surpassed, an expert-level of diagnosis. This is the first step to accurately diagnose UIAs with increased computational radiomicis. This will not only allow diagnosis but also suggest a treatment course. In the future, we will see an increasing role of AI in both the diagnosis and management of IAs.
An application of high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the kinetic analysis of degradation of faropenem. (2012)

An isocratic RP-HPLC-DAD procedure was developed and validated for kinetic analysis of degradation of faropenem in bulk drug substance and in tablets. It involved the use of a C-18 analytical column (5 microm particle size, 250 mm x 4.6 mm), flow rate 1.3 ml/min and 50 microl injection volume. The mobile phase consisted of acetate buffer (pH 3.5) - acetonitrile (70:30 v/v). The determination was carried out at the wavelength of 323 nm. Kinetic studies of faropenem degradation in aqueous solutions included hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. A derivative spectrophotometry was used as an alternative method to compare the observed rate constants.
Analogs of Tetrahydrofolic Acid. XVII.1,2 On the Mode of Binding of the p-Aminobenzoyl Moiety of N-(2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-pyrimidylpropyl)-p-aminobenzoyl- L-glutamic Acid to Dihydrofolic Reductase (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of Tetrahydrofolic Acid. XVII.1,2 On the Mode of Binding of the p-Aminobenzoyl Moiety of N-(2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-pyrimidylpropyl)-p-aminobenzoyl- L-glutamic Acid to Dihydrofolic ReductaseB. R. Baker and Johannes H. JordaanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 1, 35–41Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00325a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00325a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Qualitative assessment of natural apatitein vitro andin vivo (2000)

Among the natural and synthetic materials investigated as bone graft substitutes, much interest has been focused on natural apatite obtained from low temperature heat-deproteinated compact bone. Previous research demonstrates that, when treated at a temperature below 500 degrees C, this material maintains its characteristic ultrastructural features, with a high surface/volume ratio, while as an implant material, it offers the host tissue a large surface of interaction. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that natural apatite is well tolerated and is a good osteoconducing material. The present in vivo study in rabbits was carried out to first investigate the behavior and capacity of natural apatite implants to stimulate bone ingrowth, and then to analyze the cells located at the bone/material interface. Synthetic hydroxyapatite was used as a control material. In a parallel in vitro study, we investigated the activity of differentiated osteoblasts and periosteal cells obtained from rats and new-born rabbits, incubated with natural apatite and synthetic hydroxyapatite. The in vivo study showed that natural apatite allows osteoblasts to form new bone tissue, adhering to the implant with ingrowth into the implant structure. In the presence of synthetic hydroxyapatite, a less pronounced osteoblastic activity was observed. In agreement with these observations, the in vitro study showed that natural apatite is more effective in attracting cells, favoring their proliferation and stimulating alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings suggest that natural apatite is more suitable for bone filling or bone regeneration than synthetic hydroxyapatite.
Genetic diversity in cultivated Osteospermum as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (2000)

Abstract A collection of 28 Osteospermum clones and cultivated varieties of different origin were evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All the clones were identified by 12 decamers selected from a set of 30. This is the first characterization by molecular markers of the genetic material of Osteospermum. The level of genetic diversity among genotypes was assayed and all the accessions tested were then classified into six groups by UPGMA cluster analysis; the clustering of genotypes using the RAPD data proved to be in accordance with their breeding group origin. RAPD analysis can therefore be a useful tool for evaluating genetic variability in other Osteospermum germplasm collections for breeding purposes and for protecting intellectual property rights of improved varieties.
Quantum key distribution using card, base station and trusted authority (2023)

Techniques and tools for quantum key distribution ("QKD") between a quantum communication ("QC") card, base station and trusted authority are described herein. In example implementations, a QC card contains a miniaturized QC transmitter and couples with a base station. The base station provides a network connection with the trusted authority and can also provide electric power to the QC card. When coupled to the base station, after authentication by the trusted authority, the QC card acquires keys through QKD with a trusted authority. The keys can be used to set up secure communication, for authentication, for access control, or for other purposes. The QC card can be implemented as part of a smart phone or other mobile computing device, or the QC card can be used as a fillgun for distribution of the keys.
Authorship Pattern in Spacecraft Research Publication in India (2017)

This paper investigates research papers published during 2012-2016 about spacecraft as reflected through its publication productivity in different years. This study highlights a quantitative analysis on the authorship pattern and collaborative trends during the past five years in the newly emerged ever growing field of spacecraft in Engineering. Ever since India sent a spacecraft to mars in 2014, India has earned its place in the top ranking space-faring nations which include the USA, Europe Russia, China and Japan. The study reveals almost a constant trend of inflow of papers with increasing trend of multi authored papers year by year. Highest share of Papers are being contributed by authors from India, written in English.
Tools for extracting software structure from compiled programs (2004)

This research investigates how much useful information about the structure of software systems can be obtained using existing software tools to analyze compiled programs. This research arose from the observation that the compiled object units for a software system must necessarily contain enough structural information so that the object units can be successfully linked into a complete executable program. We developed a suite of tools that extract this structural information directly from the object units.
Active Control of Jets in Cross-Flow for Film Cooling Applications (2003)

Jets in cross-flow have applications in film cooling of gas turbine vanes, blades and combustor liners. Their cooling effectiveness depends on the extent to which the cool jet-fluid adheres to the cooled component surface. Lift-off of the cooling jet flow or other mechanisms promoting mixing, cause loss of cooling effectiveness as they allow the hot free-stream fluid to come in contact with the component surface. The premise of this project is that cooling effectiveness can be improved by actively controlling (e.9. forcing, pulsing) the jet flow. Active control can be applied to prevent/delay lift-off and suppress mixing. Furthermore, an actively controlled film-cooling system coupled with appropriate sensory input (e.g. temperature or heat flux) can adapt to spatial and temporal variations of the hot-gas path. Thus, it is conceivable that the efficiency of film-cooling systems can be improved, resulting in coolant fluid economy. It is envisioned that Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) will play a role in the realization of such systems. As a first step, a feasibility study will be conducted to evaluate the concept, identify actuation and sensory elements and develop a control strategy. Part of this study will be the design of a proof-of-concept experiment and collection of necessary data.
BRAT-nova: fast and accurate mapping of bisulfite-treated reads (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NREL airfoil families for HAWTs (1995)

The development of special-purpose airfoils for horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) began in 1984 as a joint effort between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), and Airfoils, Incorporated. Since that time seven airfoil families have been designed for various size rotors using the Eppler Airfoil Design and Analysis Code. A general performance requirement of the new airfoil families is that they exhibit a maximum lift coefficient (c{sub l,max}) which is relatively insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoil families address the needs of stall-regulated, variable-pitch, and variable-rpm wind turbines. For stall-regulated rotors, better peak-power control is achieved through the design of tip airfoils that restrain the maximum lift coefficient. Restrained maximum lift coefficient allows the use of more swept disc area for a given generator size. Also, for stall-regulated rotors, tip airfoils with high thickness are used to accommodate overspeed control devices. For variable-pitch and variable-rpm rotors, tip airfoils having a high maximum lift coefficient lend themselves to lightweight blades with low solidity. Tip airfoils having low thickness result in less drag for blades having full-span pitch control. Annual energy improvements from the NREL airfoil families are projected to be 23% to 35% for stall-regulated turbines, 8% to 20% for variable-pitch turbines, and 8% to 10% for variable-rpm turbines. The improvement for stall-regulated turbines has been verified in field tests.
Actin's propensity for dynamic filament patterning (2002)

Actin, through its various forms of assembly, provides the basic framework for cell motility, cell shape and intracellular organization in all eukaryotic cells. Many other cellular processes, for example endocytosis and cytokinesis, are also associated with dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton. Important prerequisites for actin's functional diversity are its intrinsic ability to rapidly assemble and disassemble filaments and its spatially and temporally well-controlled supramolecular organization. A large number of proteins that interact with actin, collectively referred to as actin-binding proteins (ABPs), carefully orchestrate different scenarios. Since its isolation in 1994 [Machesky, L.M. et al. (1994) J. Cell Biol. 127, 107-115], the Arp2/3 complex containing the actin-related proteins Arp2 and Arp3 has evolved to be one of the main players in the assembly and maintenance of many actin-based structures in the cell (for review see [Borths, E.L. and Welch, M.D. (2002) Structure 10, 131-135; May, R.C. (2001) Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58, 1607-1626; Pollard, T.D. et al. (2000) Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 29, 545-576; Welch, M.D. (1999) Trends Cell Biol. 11, 423-427]). In particular, when it comes to the assembly of the intricate branched actin network at the leading edge of lamellipodia, the Arp2/3 complex seems to have received all the attention in recent years. In parallel, but not so much in the spotlight, several reports showed that actin on its own can assume different conformations [Bubb, M.R. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 20999-21006; Schoenenberger, C.-A. et al. (1999) Microsc. Res. Tech. 47, 38-50; Steinmetz, M.O. et al. (1998) J. Mol. Biol. 278, 793-811; Steinmetz, M.O. et al. (1997) J. Cell Biol. 138, 559-574; Millonig, R., Salvo, H. and Aebi, U. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 106, 785-796] through which it drives its supramolecular patterning, and which ultimately generate its functional diversity.
Phosphoproteomics-Based Profiling of Kinase Activities in Cancer Cells (2018)

Cellular signaling, predominantly mediated by phosphorylation through protein kinases, is found to be deregulated in most cancers. Accordingly, protein kinases have been subject to intense investigations in cancer research, to understand their role in oncogenesis and to discover new therapeutic targets. Despite great advances, an understanding of kinase dysfunction in cancer is far from complete.A powerful tool to investigate phosphorylation is mass-spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics, which enables the identification of thousands of phosphorylated peptides in a single experiment. Since every phosphorylation event results from the activity of a protein kinase, high-coverage phosphoproteomics data should indirectly contain comprehensive information about the activity of protein kinases.In this chapter, we discuss the use of computational methods to predict kinase activity scores from MS-based phosphoproteomics data. We start with a short explanation of the fundamental features of the phosphoproteomics data acquisition process from the perspective of the computational analysis. Next, we briefly review the existing databases with experimentally verified kinase-substrate relationships and present a set of bioinformatic tools to discover novel kinase targets. We then introduce different methods to infer kinase activities from phosphoproteomics data and these kinase-substrate relationships. We illustrate their application with a detailed protocol of one of the methods, KSEA (Kinase Substrate Enrichment Analysis). This method is implemented in Python within the framework of the open-source Kinase Activity Toolbox (kinact), which is freely available at http://github.com/saezlab/kinact/ .
FMR and Magnetization Study of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles in 0.40Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/0.60ZnO Nanocomposite (2014)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals containing Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> have been synthesized by the calcination method. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and dc magnetization measurements of 0.40(Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> )/0.60(ZnO) nanocomposite have been carried out in the 4-300 K range to study the magnetic properties of agglomerated magnetic zinc ferrite ZnFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (ZFO) nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 12 nm. Temperature dependence of the resonance field, linewidth, and the integrated intensity calculated from FMR spectra have been determined to obtain the value of the uniaxial anisotropy field and to establish the ranges of different relaxation types. Magnetization measurements in ZFC and FC modes as well as the study of hysteresis loops allowed calculating different magnetic characteristics - blocking/freezing temperature, magnetic moment, anisotropy constant, and anisotropy field. The observed magnetic properties of 0.40(Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> )/0.60(ZnO) nanocomposite were explained based on the core-shell model of ZFO nanoparticles. From comparison of FMR and dc magnetization measurements, the temperature ranges of magnetic phases existing in ZFO nanoparticles in 0.40Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /0.60ZnO nanocomposite are proposed.