gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacies of a 3D-Printed PCL/PLGA/β-TCP Membrane and a Titanium Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagle Dogs (2015)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a 3D-printed resorbable polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/PLGA/β-TCP) membrane on bone regeneration and osseointegration in areas surrounding implants and to compare results with those of a non-resorbable titanium mesh membrane. After preparation of PCL/PLGA/β-TCP membranes using extrusion-based 3D printing technology; mechanical tensile testing and in vitro cell proliferation testing were performed. Implant surgery and guided bone regeneration were performed randomly in three groups (a no membrane group, a titanium membrane group, and a PCL/PLGA/β-TCP membrane group (n = 8 per group)). Histological and histometric analyses were conducted to evaluate effects on bone regeneration and osseointegration. Using the results of mechanical testing; a PCL/PLGA/β-TCP ratio of 2:6:2 was selected. The new bone areas (%) in buccal defects around implants were highest in the PCL/PLGA/β-TCP group and significantly higher than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Bone-to-implant contact ratios (%) were also significantly higher in the PCL/PLGA/β-TCP and titanium groups than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). When the guided bone regeneration procedure was performed using the PCL/PLGA/β-TCP membrane; new bone formation around the implant and osseointegration were not inferior to those of the non-resorbable pre-formed titanium mesh membrane.
The Burrows-Wheeler Transform for Block Sorting Text Compression: Principles and Improvements (1996)

Journal Article The Burrows–Wheeler Transform for Block Sorting Text Compression: Principles and Improvements Get access P. M. Fenwick P. M. Fenwick Department of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 39, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 731–740, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/39.9.731 Published: 01 January 1996
A Highly Efficient and Practical Method for Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich (AVM) Reactions. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Yatakemycin (2007)

A convergent total synthesis of (+)-yatakemycin was accomplished by a 20-step sequence in 13% overall yield. The regioselective ring opening of (S)-epichlorohydrin with a 2,6-dibromophenyllithium derivative enabled us to introduce a chiral carbon center, which was required for the stereoselective construction of the cyclopropane ring. The five aryl-nitrogen bonds in (+)-yatakemycin were constructed by a mild copper-mediated aryl amination that utilized the combination of CuI with CsOAc. The efficient and chemoselective debenzylation of aryl benzyl ether with BCl3 in the presence of pentamethylbenzene was developed. With these new methodologies, the subgram-scale synthesis of (+)-yatakemycin was achieved.
Methane-Oxidizing Activity and Phylogenetic Diversity of Aerobic Methanotrophs in the Laptev Sea Upper Sediment Horizons (2021)

Methane oxidation rates and diversity of methane-oxidizing microorganisms were studied in the upper sediment layers of the Laptev Sea (methane seep area, Lena fore-delta, shelf, and upper slope not affected by seeps and river flow). The highest methane concentrations and methane oxidation rates (up to 1.16 µmol СН4 dm−3 day−1) were revealed at the seep stations. Carbon dioxide was the main product of methane oxidation at all stations. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed microorganisms of the class Gammaproteobacteria, order Methylococcales. Since the share of methanotrophs was high at the sites of constant gas seepage (up to 1.93% of the total read number), they could be detected by sequencing of the native samples. Phylogenetic diversity of methane-oxidizing bacteria was not high, and all detected microorganisms belonged to the Deep-Sea 1 cluster. On the phylogenetic tree, the sequences formed a cluster together with the genus Methyloprofundus. Members of the genera Methylomonas and Methylobacter related to methanotrophs inhabiting freshwater ecosystems were revealed in enrichments from the coastal stations sediment samples.
Ranking model adaptation for domain-specific search (2009)

Recently, various domain-specific search engines emerge, which are restricted to specific topicalities or document formats, and vertical to the broad-based search. Simply applying the ranking model trained for the broad-based search to the verticals cannot achieve a sound performance due to the domain differences, while building different ranking models for each domain is both laborious for labeling sufficient training samples and time-consuming or the training process. In this paper, to address the above difficulties, we investigate two problems: (1) whether we can adapt the ranking model learned for existing Web page search or verticals, to the new domain, so that the amount of labeled data and the training cost is reduced, while the performance requirement is still satisfied; and (2) how to adapt the ranking model from auxiliary domains to a new target domain. We address the second problem from the regularization framework and an algorithm called ranking adaptation SVM is proposed. Our algorithm is flexible enough, which needs only the prediction from the existing ranking model, rather than the internal representation of the model or the data from auxiliary domains. The first problem is addressed by the proposed ranking adaptability measurement, which quantitatively estimates if an existing ranking model can be adapted to the new domain. Extensive experiments are performed over Letor benchmark dataset and two large scale datasets crawled from different domains through a commercial internet search engine, where the ranking model learned for one domain will be adapted to the other. The results demonstrate the applicabilities of the proposed ranking model adaptation algorithm and the ranking adaptability measurement.
Bending Properties of Solid Thin Flexible Energy Storage Devices (2018)

The performance of solid, thin and flexible electrochemical capacitors (ECs) under different bending conditions were investigated. The bending parameters include bending angle, bending radius and bending cycle. While the bending angle does not affect the performance of the solid EC cells significantly, small bending radius increases the cell resistance from a delamination at the current collector/electrode interface. A large bending cycle causes a severe self-discharging by losing mechanical protection at the electrolyte/separator layer. The layer is pierced through, creating localized contacts between electrodes which lead to a high leakage current. The electrode/electrolyte interface remains relatively intact under various bending conditions. The investigation of these parameters together with cross-sectional analyses provide a systematic understanding of the failure mechanism of thin and flexible ECs under bending. Although the approach was demonstrated on a sandwiched solid EC cell with a commercial activated carbon and a neutral pH polymer electrolyte, it can be extended for quantified investigations of mechanical properties of general solid flexible electrochemical devices.
EMERGENCE AND CALLING RHYTHMS, AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORANGE WHEAT BLOSSOM MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) (1992)

Abstract In laboratory and field observations, male and female orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), emerged in late afternoon and early evening, with males emerging 1–2 h before females on average within a given day. Under laboratory conditions, males also emerged on average 0–3 days before females in three different experiments. Within 1 h of emergence, virgin females began to extend their ovipositors much of the time. This behaviour ceased upon mating, and was presumed to be calling behaviour: behaviour associated with pheromone release. Calling behaviour exhibited a daily rhythm both under controlled and field conditions. Females gradually increased the time spent calling in the last few hours of the photophase and called more than two-thirds of the time during the scotophase. Mating was preceded by wing vibration in the male prior to and during a walking approach. Receptive females spread their wings which facilitated mating. Mean duration of mating was 171 ± 15 s (±SE).
Comment on "Excitation with a Focused, Pulsed Optical Beam in Scattering Media: Diffraction Effects" (2002)

To incorporate the wave properties of light, it was recently proposed to modify the Monte Carlo-based photon transport model to a semi-quantum-mechanical representation by considering each ray as a photon wave packet [Appl. Opt. 39, 5244 (2000)]. It is not clear from the paper whether each photon wave packet is considered representative of an entire plane wave or if each is spatially localized. However, for each interpretation we identify problems with the approach suggested for combining the wave-packet contributions. These include violation of the principle of conservation of energy and the use of a scattering phase function that is incompatible with the suggested way of calculating the intensity values. These issues render the approach impractical.
A Neural Chip-Firing Game as a Model of Neurocomputation. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
GJA12 mutations are a rare cause of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (2007)

Only 16 patients (8.3%) from 14 families (7.7%) carry GJA12 mutations including five families where we detected only one mutated allele. Among those, we identified 11 novel alterations. Thus, GJA12 mutations are a rather rare cause for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. The clinical phenotype of patients with a GJA12 mutation was evaluated and is overall comparable to the clinical features seen in mild forms of proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) related disorder but with better cognition and earlier signs of axonal degeneration.
A novel twin-core fiber grating sensor system and its applications (2010)

We demonstrated a novel twin-core fiber grating sensor system for accurate and simultaneous measurements of temperature and strain. Specifically, we designed two cores with custom index and dopant profiles such that the gratings in these two cores have different temperature coefficients, but almost same strain coefficients. Our data also showed that both gratings had almost the same wavelength shift at the same deuterium concentration level in the fiber. This, together with the strain characteristics of the gratings, enables us to isolate the temperature measurement when strain, temperature and gaseous diffusion all apply to the sensor simultaneously. It makes our grating sensor extremely useful for hydrothermal down-hole temperature mapping applications.
Cortisol differentially affects memory in young and elderly men. (2001)

Nine young and 11 elderly men participated in this placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study (0.5 mg/kg cortisol or intravenous placebo). Participants learned a word list before cortisol administration, and delayed recall was then tested. A 2nd word list was learned and recalled after drug administration. In addition, the Paragraph Recall Test and tests measuring working memory (Digit Span), attention (timed cancellation), and response inhibition (Stroop Color and Word Test) were administered at 2 time points after drug administration. Cortisol reduced recall from the word list learned before treatment in both groups but did not influence recall of the list learned after treatment. In contrast, Digit Span performance was decreased by cortisol in young but not elderly participants. The possibility that differential age-associated brain changes might underlie the present results is discussed.
Computer programs to analyze DNA and amino acid sequence data (1982)

Extensive modifications have been incorporated into many of the computer programs written by Staden (1-4) to make them easier to cope with DNA and amino acid sequence data. These programs can be easily used by persons with minimal knowledge of computers.
Impact of Cyclin B2 and Cell division cycle 2 on tubular hyperplasia in progressive chronic renal failure rats (2010)

To clarify the specific molecular events of progressive tubular damage in chronic renal failure (CRF), we conducted microarray analyses using isolated proximal tubules from subtotally nephrectomized (Nx) rats as a model of CRF. Our results clearly demonstrated time-dependent changes in gene expression profiles localized to proximal tubules. The expression of mitosis-specific genes Cyclin B2 and Cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) was significantly and selectively increased in the proximal tubules during the compensated period but decreased to basal level in the end-stage period. Administration of everolimus, a potent inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, markedly reduced compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelial cells, which was accompanied by complete abolishment of the expression of Cyclin B2 and Cdc2 enhancement; renal function was then severely decreased. Treatment with the Cdc2 inhibitor 2-cyanoethyl alsterpaullone clearly decreased epithelial cell hyperplasia, based on staining of phosphorylated histone H3 and Ki-67, while hypertrophy was not inhibited. In conclusion, we have demonstrated roles of Cyclin B2 and Cdc2 in the epithelial hyperplasia in response to Nx. These results advance the knowledge of the contribution of cell cycle regulators, especially M phase, in pathophysiology of tubular restoration and/or degeneration, and these two molecules are suggested to be a marker for the proliferation of proximal tubular cells in CRF.
Effect of Composition and Physical Properties of Silicon Nitride on Rolling Wear and Fatigue Performance (1994)

The improved performance of silicon nitride components over all-steel bearings in several applications has been demonstrated. However, the effects of grain size, intergranular phase composition, fracture toughness, and hardness on rolling wear and fatigue performance are not completely understood. Three commercial bearing materials were tested under standard conditions and their physical properties were obtained. Wear and fatigue properties were compared to physical properties and material composition. It was found that a high fracture toughness is not required for high fatigue life and wear resistance. Total wear and fatigue life of the assembly must be considered, in addition to performance of the ceramic material alone, for specific applications. Grain boundary composition did not appear to affect the wear mechanism of these hot-isostatically-pressed materials.
Observations of the Fluctuation of Transmitted Sound in Shallow Water (1969)

An 1120-Hz CW sound source, driven at a constant level, was placed on the bottom in 60 ft of water off Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Four hydrophones, spaced 10–100 ft apart, were placed on the bottom 4900 ft away, parallel to the depth contours. Both source and hydrophones were cable connected to shore, where recordings were made. Two kinds of fluctuation of the received sound were observed. One kind, with a double amplitude of 5 dB and a period of 3–4 sec, was observed to be related to the prevailing sea and swell. The other kind had a double amplitude of about 15 dB and was associated with the height of the tide. High amplitude occurred at high tide; low amplitude at low tide. This surprisingly large fluctuation, caused by a tidal range of only 2–3 ft, is a mode or ray interference effect explainable by mode or ray theory, and is verified by computer calculations using mode or image attenuations based on a reasonable reflection loss for the coral-sand bottom over which the transmission was taking place.
Effect of electrolytical hydrogenation on the thermal stability and crystallization kinetics of metallic glass Fe79Si9B12 (2011)

The effect of electrolytical hydrogenation on both the surface and volume crystallization kinetics and thermal stability of amorphous alloy Fe79Si9B12 has been investigated. The parameters of the surface and volume crystallization (temperature, activation energy) have been determined applying the exoelectron emission (EEE) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods, respectively.
Fluorescent Lifetime Trajectories of a Single Fluorophore Reveal Reaction Intermediates During Transcription Initiation (2009)

Single molecule (SM) techniques are relatively new additions to the field of biophysics that allow one to manipulate individual molecules and study their behavior. To make these studies more relevant to what actually happens in the cell, one needs to move beyond the studies of individual molecules in isolation and study many different molecules working in concert. This presents a technical challenge as most SM experiments measure only one observable as a function of time, whereas complex biomolecular systems require multidimensional SM analysis. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most common single molecule approaches and can report on the real time distance changes. However, FRET requires two fluorophores which will ultimately limit the degree of multiplexing in future SM applications. It will be useful if a single fluorophore can be used to provide equivalent information. In this communication, we show that fluorescence lifetime analysis of a single Cy3 fluorophore attached to the promoter region of the DNA can be used to reveal transient reaction intermediates during transcription initiation by T7 RNA polymerase. This work represents the first demonstration of real-time biochemical reactions observed via single molecule fluorescence lifetime trajectories of immobilized molecules.
Environmental health effects of brick kilns in Kathmandu valley. (2008)

The concentration of various air pollutants was higher during the operation of brick kilns at Duwakot. Similarly, the health status of the school children attending the school close to the vicinity of the brick kilns was worse compared to the students attending the school away from the brick kilns.
Origin of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript-Containing Axons Innervating Hypophysiotropic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons in the Rat (2005)

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has stimulatory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through direct effects on hypophysiotropic CRH neurons. Recently CART-containing axons have been demonstrated to densely innervate the hypophysiotropic CRH neurons. Based on the sources of the CART-immunoreactive (IR) innervation of the paraventricular nucleus, the putative origins of these CART-containing fibers include neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus that coexpress alphaMSH and medullary adrenaline-producing neurons. To determine whether these cell groups contribute to the CART innervation of the hypophysiotropic CRH neurons, we performed a quadruple-labeling immunofluorescent study using antisera against CRH, CART, alphaMSH, and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase (PNMT), the latter as a marker for adrenaline. Consistent with previous observations, PNMT- and CART-IR axons densely innervated all CRH neurons, whereas the alphaMSH-IR innervation was sparse. Although approximately 60% of CART-IR varicosities in juxtaposition to CRH neurons cocontained PNMT, only approximately 18% of them were immunopositive for alphaMSH. All alphaMSH-IR boutons and approximately 90% of PNMT-containing varicosities on the surface of CRH neurons were also labeled for CART. The remaining 22% of CART axon varicosities in contact with CRH neurons contained neither alphaMSH nor PNMT. These results indicate that medullary adrenergic/CART neurons are the major source for the CART innervation of CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus; however, to a lesser extent the arcuate nucleus also contributes to the CART-IR innervation of these neurons. The observation that nearly 20% of the CART-IR afferents contain neither alphaMSH nor PNMT, however, suggests that additional sources also contribute to the CART-IR input of hypophysiotropic CRH neurons.
MAGNETIC FIELDS AND INFALL MOTIONS IN NGC 1333 IRAS 4 (2009)

We present single-dish 350 m dust continuum polarimetry as well as HCN and HCO + J = 4 3 rotational emission spectra obtained on NGC 1333 IRAS 4. The polarimetry indicates a uniform field morphology over a 20 radius from the peak continuum flux of IRAS 4A, in agreement with models of magnetically supported cloud collapse. The field morphology around IRAS 4B appears to be quite distinct, however, with indications of depolarization observed toward the peak flux of this source. Inverse P Cygni profiles are observed in the HCN J = 4 3 line spectra toward IRAS 4A, providing a clear indication of infall gas motions. Taken together, the evidence gathered here appears to support the scenario that IRAS 4A is a cloud core in a critical state of support against gravitational collapse.
Interpretable Learning-to-Rank with Generalized Additive Models (2020)

Interpretability of learning-to-rank models is a crucial yet relatively under-examined research area. Recent progress on interpretable ranking models largely focuses on generating post-hoc explanations for existing black-box ranking models, whereas the alternative option of building an intrinsically interpretable ranking model with transparent and self-explainable structure remains unexplored. Developing fully-understandable ranking models is necessary in some scenarios (e.g., due to legal or policy constraints) where post-hoc methods cannot provide sufficiently accurate explanations. In this paper, we lay the groundwork for intrinsically interpretable learning-to-rank by introducing generalized additive models (GAMs) into ranking tasks. Generalized additive models (GAMs) are intrinsically interpretable machine learning models and have been extensively studied on regression and classification tasks. We study how to extend GAMs into ranking models which can handle both item-level and list-level features and propose a novel formulation of ranking GAMs. To instantiate ranking GAMs, we employ neural networks instead of traditional splines or regression trees. We also show that our neural ranking GAMs can be distilled into a set of simple and compact piece-wise linear functions that are much more efficient to evaluate with little accuracy loss. We conduct experiments on three data sets and show that our proposed neural ranking GAMs can achieve significantly better performance than other traditional GAM baselines while maintaining similar interpretability.
An Overview of Identifier - Based Public Key Cryptography (2002)

All public key cryptography (PKC) methods require, in some sense, a public and private key pair. It is the semantics of, and relationship between, these keys that determine the security model for a given public key cryptosystem. Shamir proposed the concept of an identity-based public key cryptosystem (IDPKC) in 1984. Some years later, Cliff Cocks of the Communications-Electronics Security Group (CESG) invented the first practical solution to this problem. This chapter explores the current model for PKC and examine the salient points differentiating traditional PKC from IDPKC, before then giving a broad overview of the Cocks IDPKC method and finally exploring some potential practical applications where IDPKC may give a real business benefit. IDPKC is referred to as identifier-based PKC, since it is a more appropriate nomenclature - the identifiers need not in any way refer to an &apos;identity&apos; in the traditional sense.