gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superior Corrosion and UV-Resistant Highly Porous Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/alumina Superhydrophobic Coating (2022)

The current research is devoted to fabricating a superhydrophobic coating on alumina surfaces via a facile one-step electrospinning technique. The wettability properties of the as-prepared coating were investigated. The polymeric coatings exhibited a water contact angle (WCA) of about 152° ± 3 and a sliding angle (SA) is 4 ± 2°. However, a WCA of 154 ± 2° and a SA of 3 ± 2° were recorded after the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The wettability of the prepared coatings has also been inspected after exposure to intense UV irradiation of 0.89 W/(m2 nm) and high-temperature degree of 60 °C, for 500 h. It was found that the measured WCA and water contact hysteresis (WCAH) for the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) PVDF-HFP/Al2O3 nanocomposite 150 ± 1° and 10 ± 1° compared with 122 ± 4° and 22 ± 4° of pure PVDF-HFP, respectively. The morphology of the superhydrophobic coating was explored, illustrating the construction of a beaded fiber structure. The surface roughness of the fabricated super water-repellent coatings was recorded using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The electrochemical behavior of superhydrophobic coating was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution before and after exposure to UV radiation. The research outcomes promote a one-step fabrication technique to prepare polymeric superhydrophobic coatings with good resistance for corrosion and degradation under UV irradiation.
Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Oxide on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers Formed by Microcontact Printing (2004)

We demonstrate a selective atomic layer deposition of TiO2 thin films on patterned alkylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers. Microcontact printing was done to prepare patterned monolayers of the alkylsiloxane on Si substrates. The patterned monolayers define and direct the selective deposition of the TiO2 thin film using atomic layer deposition. The selective atomic layer deposition is based on the fact that the TiO2 thin film is selectively deposited only on the regions exposing the silanol groups of the Si substrates because the regions covered with the alkylsiloxane monolayers do not have any functional group to react with precursors.
Reverberation Model-Based Decoding in the Logmelspec Domain for Robust Distant-Talking Speech Recognition (2010)

The REMOS (REverberation MOdeling for Speech recognition) concept for reverberation-robust distant-talking speech recognition, introduced in “Distant-talking continuous speech recognition based on a novel reverberation model in the feature domain” (A. Sehr , in Proc. Interspeech, 2006, pp. 769-772) for melspectral features, is extended to logarithmic melspectral (logmelspec) features in this contribution. Thus, the favorable properties of REMOS, including its high flexibility with respect to changing reverberation conditions, become available in the more competitive logmelspec domain. Based on a combined acoustic model consisting of a hidden Markov model (HMM) network and a reverberation model (RM), REMOS determines clean-speech and reverberation estimates during recognition. Therefore, in each iteration of a modified Viterbi algorithm, an inner optimization operation maximizes the joint density of the current HMM output and the RM output subject to the constraint that their combination is equal to the current reverberant observation. Since the combination operation in the logmelspec domain is nonlinear, numerical methods appear necessary for solving the constrained inner optimization problem. A novel reformulation of the constraint, which allows for an efficient solution by nonlinear optimization algorithms, is derived in this paper so that a practicable implementation of REMOS for logmelspec features becomes possible. An in-depth analysis of this REMOS implementation investigates the statistical properties of its reverberation estimates and thus derives possibilities for further improving the performance of REMOS. Connected digit recognition experiments show that the proposed REMOS version in the logmelspec domain significantly outperforms the melspec version. While the proposed RMs with parameters estimated by straightforward training for a given room are robust to a mismatch of the speaker-microphone distance, their performance significantly decreases if they are used in a room with substantially different conditions. However, by training multi-style RMs with data from several rooms, good performance can be achieved across different rooms.
Rat brain proteins: Two-dimensional protein database and variations in the expression level (1999)

A two-dimensional database of rat brain proteins was constructed. Brain samples from newborn animals were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The database comprises 210 different proteins, the majority of which are structural components, heat shock proteins and enzymes with various catalytic activities. Several minor differences in the expression level were detected, mainly of quantitative nature, which most likely represent allelic differences. The map may be useful in studies of neurological disorders in animal models of human diseases.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing Allows Better Prediction of Diabetes in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018)

We identified a crucial role of β-cell dysfunction in the development of diabetes in Korean women with previous GDM. The 2-hour glucose result from the OGTT is an independent predictor of future diabetes. Therefore, the OGTT is crucial for better prediction of future diabetes in Korean women with previous GDM.
Semantic Identification of Web Browsing Sessions (2017)

We introduce a semantic identification attack, in which an adversary uses semantic signals about the pages visited in one browsing session to identify other browsing sessions launched by the same user. Current user fingerprinting methods fail when a single machine is used by multiple users (e.g., in cybercafes or spaces with public computers) as these methods fingerprint devices, not individuals. We demonstrate how an adversary can employ a SIA to successfully fingerprint users on public or shared machines and identify them across browsing sessions. We additionally describe and evaluate possible countermeasures to prevent identification.
Residual whiteness principle for automatic parameter selection in\n $\\ell_2$-$\\ell_2$ image super-resolution problems (2021)

We propose an automatic parameter selection strategy for variational image\nsuper-resolution of blurred and down-sampled images corrupted by additive white\nGaussian noise (AWGN) with unknown standard deviation. By exploiting particular\nproperties of the operators describing the problem in the frequency domain, our\nstrategy selects the optimal parameter as the one optimising a suitable\nresidual whiteness measure. Numerical tests show the effectiveness of the\nproposed strategy for generalised $\\ell_2$-$\\ell_2$ Tikhonov problems.\n
Fuel Design Concept for Low Emission in Engine Systems2nd report: Analysis of combustion characteristics for the mixed fuels (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the present study, we have proposed a novel fuel design concept in order to achieve low emissions and combustion control in engine systems. The fuel design concept is based on the combustion control that could be realized by using a mixed fuel with a lower boiling point fuel, such as gasoline or gaseous fuel components and a higher boiling point fuel, such as gas oil or fuel oil components. According to the fuel design concept proposed in this work, the characteristics of vaporization during mixture formation process as well as of combustion can be reasonably improved due to the formation of two-phase region. The heat release analysis was conducted to compare the temporal history of heat release for both a mixed fuel and a single component fuel that has the same transport properties of mixed fuels. In addition, the two-color method, which simultaneously allows the measurements of temperature distribution and soot concentration, is applied to the combustion field for mixed fuels. The several experiments were conducted in Rapid Compression &amp;amp; Expansion Machine (RCEM). The experimental results related to fuel distribution and combustion process shows that the fuel design concept proposed in the present study can be applied to the combustion system for low emission and combustion control.&lt;/div&gt;
SAT-531 Low 25-OH-Vitamin D Levels in Women Observed before Initiating Osteoporosis Therapy (2019)

Introduction: Vitamin D sufficiency is integral for bone health in postmenopausal women at risk for fracture. This study examines the prevalence of low 25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD) levels in women in the two years before they initiated osteoporosis therapy. The possible contributions of race, body mass index (BMI), and race-specific thresholds to classify vitamin D status were investigated. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using data from older women aged 45-89y who initiated oral bisphosphonate therapy in 2010-2013 and had a 25OHD level within the prior 2 years. The primary outcome was low vitamin D, defined as a serum 25OHD level <20 ng/ml (standard threshold). Patient data included race/ethnicity and BMI classified as underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Chi-square test was used to compare subgroups. Log binomial regression was used to examine the independent relationships between race, BMI and low 25OHD level, represented as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Since previous studies found that black women may have a lower vitamin D requirement, we also performed a sensitivity analysis using a race-specific threshold of 25OHD <15 ng/ml for black women. Results: Among 18,519 women (70% white, 3% black, 10% Hispanic, 15% Asian, and 2% other/unknown), 22% had a low 25OHD level. The prevalence varied by race/ethnicity and was lowest for white (19%) compared to black (45%), Hispanic (33%), and Asian (22%) women. Using the race-specific threshold, the prevalence in blacks fell to 34%. BMI status also varied by race; for white women, 31% and 21% were overweight and obese, compared to 33% and 27% of blacks, 38% and 29% of Hispanics, and 25%, and 7% of Asians. Overall, higher BMI was associated with a greater prevalence of low 25OHD (18%, 22%, and 29% for normal, overweight, and obese BMI, respectively). This trend was seen when stratifying by race (white: 16%, 19%, 26%; Hispanic: 28%, 33%, 41%; and Asian: 19%, 25%, 30%) except for black race (44%, 46%, 45%, or 36%, 30%, 35% using the race-specific threshold). Adjusting for age and BMI, black (RR 2.2, CI 2.0-2.5 or RR 1.7, CI 1.5-1.9 using the race-specific threshold), Hispanic (RR 1.7, CI 1.6-1.8) and Asian (RR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.3) race/ethnicity were associated with an increased risk of low 25OHD compared to white women. Conclusion: Prior to initiation of osteoporosis therapy, the prevalence of low 25OHD is high (about 1 in 5). Although black and Hispanic women comprise a minority of women starting bisphosphonate therapy, they appeared to be at highest risk for low levels, even when a lower threshold is applied. Obesity also increases the likelihood of having a low 25OHD level, except for women of black race. These findings may inform osteoporosis care optimization, including increased efforts to screen and replete vitamin D levels, especially in non-white or Hispanic women and those with high BMI.
Chemistry of radioiodine (1974)

Development of a mercuric nitrate scrubbing process for removal of radioiodine from off-gases is reported. The most important recent finding is that the mercuric nitrate process is relatively ineffective for removing aromatic iodides from gas streams and that the presence of aromatic compounds interferes with removal of 12 and methyl iodide. (LK)
Origin of the interaction pulse in Nested Wire Array Z-pinches (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Prevention of early-onset familial/hereditary colon cancer: New models and mechanistic biomarkers (Review) (2006)

Human colon cancer is a multi-factorial, multi-step disease wherein genetic and dietary factors represent important regulators of initiation, promotion and progression. While the etiology of sporadic colon cancer remains largely unidentified, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) represent predisposing genetic syndromes for early-onset familial/hereditary colon cancer. These syndromes are characterized by germ-line mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and/or DNA mismatch repair genes, respectively. Currently available preclinical animal models for human FAP and HNPCC syndromes, expressing clinically relevant germ-line mutations, exhibit adenomas in the small intestine rather than in the colorectum. These models are, therefore, subject to extrapolation for direct clinical translatability of the data for colon carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. Experimental models expressing clinically relevant genetic defects (APC and/or DNA mismatch repair gene mutations) in an appropriate target site (colon) may represent novel approaches that reduce extrapolation of the data for their clinical relevance. This report provides an overview on carcinogenesis and chemoprevention in preclinical models of FAP and HNPCC syndromes, and summarizes recent data on i) development of new cell culture models for FAP and HNPCC syndromes; and ii) validation of developed models for rapid, mechanism-based screening of new pharmacological or naturally occurring chemopreventive agents.
Intramolecular rearrangements in boron clusters (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular rearrangements in boron clustersE. L. Muetterties, E. L. Hoel, C. G. Salentine, and M. F. HawthoneCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 4, 950–951Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50146a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50146a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Defining the role of hypoxia in melanoma development and response to therapy (2006)

1Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute 2Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Abstracts of the Perspectives in Melanoma X and The Third Annual International Melanoma Research Congress, 14–16 September 2006, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Genome projects and gene pools: New germplasm for plant breeding? (1998)

Crop gene pools have adapted to and sustained the demands of agricultural systems for thousands of years. Yet, very little is known about their content, distribution, architecture, or circuitry. The presumably shallow elite gene pools often continue to yield genetic gains while the exotic pools remain mostly untapped, uncharacterized, and underutilized. The concept and content of a crop's gene pools are being changed by advancements in plant science and technology. In the first generation of plant genomics, DNA markers have refined some perceptions of genetic variation by providing a glimpse of a primary source, DNA polymorphism. The markers have provided new and more powerful ways of assessing genetic relationships, diversity, and merit by infusing genetic information for the first time in many scenarios or in a more comprehensive manner for others. As a result, crop gene pools may be supplemented through more rapid and directed methods from a greater variety of sources. Previously limited by the barriers of sexual reproduction, the native gene pools will soon be complemented by another gene pool (transgenes) and perhaps by other native exotic gene pools through comparative analyses of plants' biological repertoire. Plant genomics will be an important force of change for crop improvement. The plant science community and crop gene pools may be united and enriched as never before. Also, the genomes and gene pools, the products of evolution and crop domestication, will be reduced and subjected to the vagaries and potential divisiveness of intellectual property considerations. Let the gains begin.
Three-Dimensional Modelling of Heat Transfer in Micro-Channels With Synthetic Jet (2010)

An in-house computer code is developed and applied to investigate the effect of a synthetic jet on heat transfer rates in forced convection of water in silicon micro-channels etched in the rear side of the silicon substrate. To account for the deflection of the membrane located at the bottom of the actuator cavity, a moving mesh technique to solve the flow and heat transfer is purposefully adopted. The governing equations are transformed into the curvilinear coordinate system in which the grid velocities evaluated are then fed into the computation of the flow in the cavity domain thus allowing the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy to be solved within the stationary computational domain. The fully three-dimensional model considers the SIMPLE method to link the pressure and velocity. A heat flux of 1 MW/m2 is applied at the surface of the top of the silicon wafer and the resulting complex, conjugate heat transfer through the silicon substrate is included. The hydrodynamics feature of the flow is validated against existing experimental results and verified against numerical results from commercial package ANSYS CFX 11.0. Good agreement has been achieved. To track the development of the flow and heat transfer when the actuator is switched on, numerical results of 20 full cycles of the actuator are simulated. When the actuator is switched on, noticeable temperature drop is observed at all points in the substrate from those which existed when there has been a steady water flow in the channel. At the end of 20th cycle of actuation, the maximum temperature in the wafer has reduced by 5.4 K in comparison with the steady flow values. In comparison with the two-dimensional study which account for 17K reduction, it indicates that synthetic jet has only smaller beneficial cooling and has been over-estimated in the previous two-dimensional study.
Glandular Segmentation of Prostate Cancer: An Illustration of How the Choice of Histopathological Stain Is One Key to Success for Computational Pathology (2019)

Digital pathology offers the potential for computer-aided diagnosis, significantly reducing the pathologists' workload and paving the way for accurate prognostication with reduced inter-and intra-observer variations. But successful computer-based analysis requires careful tissue preparation and image acquisition to keep color and intensity variations to a minimum. While the human eye may recognize prostate glands with significant color and intensity variations, a computer algorithm may fail under such conditions. Since malignancy grading of prostate tissue according to Gleason or to the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system is based on architectural growth patterns of prostatic carcinoma, automatic methods must rely on accurate identification of the prostate glands. But due to poor color differentiation between stroma and epithelium from the common stain hematoxylin-eosin, no method is yet able to segment all types of glands, making automatic prognostication hard to attain. We address the effect of tissue preparation on glandular segmentation with an alternative stain, Picrosirius red-hematoxylin, which clearly delineates the stromal boundaries, and couple this stain with a color decomposition that removes intensity variation. In this paper we propose a segmentation algorithm that uses image analysis techniques based on mathematical morphology and that can successfully determine the glandular boundaries. Accurate determination of the stromal and glandular morphology enables the identification of the architectural pattern that determine the malignancy grade and classify each gland into its appropriate Gleason grade or ISUP Grade Group. Segmentation of prostate tissue with the new stain and decomposition method has been successfully tested on more than 11000 objects including well-formed glands (Gleason grade 3), cribriform and fine caliber glands (grade 4), and single cells (grade 5) glands.
Communication techniques and challenges for wireless food quality monitoring (2014)

Remote measurement of product core temperature is an important prerequisite to improve the cool chain of food products and reduce losses. This paper examines and shows possible solutions to technical challenges that still hinder practical applications of wireless sensor networks in the field of food transport supervision. The high signal attenuation by water-containing products limits the communication range to less than 0.5 m for the commonly used 2.4 GHz radio chips. By theoretical analysis of the dependency of signal attenuation on the operating frequency, we show that the signal attenuation can be largely reduced by the use of 433 MHz or 866 MHz devices, but forwarding of messages over multiple hops inside a sensor network is mostly unavoidable to guarantee full coverage of a packed container. Communication protocols have to provide compatibility with widely accepted standards for integration into the global Internet, which has been achieved by programming an implementation of the constrained application protocol for wireless sensor nodes and integrating into IPv6-based networks. The sensor's battery lifetime can be extended by optimizing communication protocols and by in-network pre-processing of the sensor data. The feasibility of remote freight supervision was demonstrated by our full-scale 'Intelligent Container' prototype.
Silicon-photonics-based optical frequency synthesizer (2018)

We demonstrate silicon-photonics-based octave spanning optical frequency combs phase coherently locked to a microwave oscillator for optical frequency synthesis. This system offers capability for precision optical synthesis of CW laser over the entire C-band.
Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Frequency and Timing of Thoracic Metastases and the Implications for Chest Imaging Follow-up (2015)

Thoracic metastases in advanced HGSC rarely occur before abdominal disease, and first thoracoabdominal metastases are invariably visible on abdominal images. Therefore, cross-sectional chest imaging may be deferred until development of abdominal disease, with minimal risk of missing thoracic metastases.