gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ploidy of plants obtained from anther culture of cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) (1988)

SUMMARY Anther culture of four cultivars of autumn cauliflower gave embryo yields of 100 embryos (per 100 anthers cultured) for one cultivar, eight embryos for a second cultivar, and almost zero for the two other cultivars. From 986 embryos which were grown on, 418 plants were regenerated. The ploidy of the regenerants was assessed by measuring guard cell lengths, pollen size, and by chromosome counts at meiosis. Only 1% of the regenerants were haploid, 41% diploid, 5% triploid and 53% tetraploid. One octoploid plant was also found. The results are discussed in relation to equivalent results for Brussels sprouts, and the use of anther culture in the breediing of cauliflowers.
Acoustic source localization in ports with different beamforming algorithms (2023)

Acoustic cameras are used to investigate the origin of a noise and localize it on video for a couple of decades. This was made possible by applying beamforming techniques to the acoustic signals simultaneously acquired by a microphone array. The number of scientists working on improving the efficiency and accuracy of this technique increased over the years, leading to the design and production of different shapes for the antenna and microphone array. Moreover, in the last years many different algorithms for beamforming techniques have been published to improve the original "Delay and Sum" method. This field is evolving rapidly and, unfortunately, there is no clear view on the advantages of one method over another, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. This work shows the different results obtained by different algorithms when applied to the same input acoustic signals, i.e., they can localize the noise source in different points of the screen. The input signals were acquired with acoustic camera measurements to investigate port noise, a topic that has been neglected for too long and on which only few studies have been carried out. The various sound sources acting on ships' pass-by and the predominant emitters in a multi-source environment have therefore been localized using the different algorithms.
Chronopotentiometry in Thin Layer of Solution. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChronopotentiometry in Thin Layer of Solution.C. R. Christensen and F. C. AnsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 2, 205–209Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60195a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60195a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency characterization of reverberation chambers (2002)

A series of measurements to investigate the modal structure of a reverberation chamber were conducted at the Dahlgren Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia. These measurements were Phase I of a project to determine the frequency dependent characteristics of the fields in a reverberation chamber. Measurements were taken to compare the modal structure excited by both CW and band limited white Gaussian noise. Measurements were also obtained to determine the required step size for collecting field characterization data using discrete frequency data. The measurements were taken over frequency bands ranging from 1 MHz to 100 MHz using frequency steps from 0.1 to 100 kHz. The frequency bands selected covered frequencies from below the first chamber resonance to 18 GHz. Each frequency band was evaluated for multiple boundary conditions (i.e. independent positions of the paddle wheel tuner). The data collected were analyzed to determine the width of the peaks that occur within the chamber as a function of frequency. The results of the analysis yielded the uncertainty of obtaining the true peak of the fields in the chamber as a function of the width of the frequency band and size of the frequency step.
Cycloaddition of Cyclohexa-2,4-dienones, Ring-Closing Metathesis, and Photochemical Reactions:  A Common Stereoselective Approach to Duprezianane, Polyquinane and Sterpurane Frameworks (2007)

A novel approach to three different types of carbocyclic frameworks belonging to dupreziananes, sterpuranes, and polyquinanes from simple aromatic precursors has been presented. Cycloaddition of appropriately appended cyclohexa-2,4-dienones with acyclic dienes gave bridged bicyclic octanes suitably disposed with olefinic chains, which upon ring-closing metathesis led to functionalized tricyclo[5.2.2.0(1,5)]undecanes related to dupreziananes. Photochemical sigmatropic 1,2- and 1,3-acyl shifts in tricyclo[5.2.2.0(1,5)] undecanes upon triplet and singlet excitation provided stereoselective routes to sterpurane and polyquinane frameworks.
Regulation of Src tumor activity by its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (2022)

The membrane-anchored Src tyrosine kinase is involved in numerous pathways and its deregulation is involved in human cancer. Our knowledge on Src regulation relies on crystallography, which revealed intramolecular interactions to control active Src conformations. However, Src contains a N-terminal intrinsically disordered unique domain (UD) whose function remains unclear. Using NMR, we reported that UD forms an intramolecular fuzzy complex involving a conserved region with lipid-binding capacity named Unique Lipid-Binding Region (ULBR), which could modulate Src membrane anchoring. Here we show that the ULBR is essential for Src's oncogenic capacity. ULBR inactive mutations inhibited Src transforming activity in NIH3T3 cells and in human colon cancer cells. It also reduced Src-induced tumor development in nude mice. An intact ULBR was required for MAPK signaling without affecting Src kinase activity nor sub-cellular localization. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that, while not impacting on the global tyrosine phospho-proteome in colon cancer cells, this region modulates phosphorylation of specific membrane-localized tyrosine kinases needed for Src oncogenic signaling, including EPHA2 and Fyn. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of this intrinsically disordered region in malignant cell transformation and suggests a novel layer of Src regulation by this unique region via membrane substrate phosphorylation.
Perdeuteration and selective deuteration of alkynols by isomerization of triple bonds using N-deuterated reagents (1984)

A novel method for introduction of deuterium into long-chain carbon compounds is described.
Au sujet de la déchristianisation (1975)

Delumeau Jean. Au sujet de la déchristianisation. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 22 N°1, Janvier-mars 1975. pp. 52-60.
Abstract 5479: Redox stress as a therapeutic Achilles heel in castration-resistant prostate cancer (2017)

Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initially suppresses prostate cancer (PC) progression. However, castration resistant PC (CRPC) cells inevitably emerge, resulting in incurable disease. We recently demonstrated that AD produces a form of cellular senescence leading to outgrowth of CRPC subpopulations from the AD-sensitive parental cells. Gene expression profiling studies comparing the parental LNCaP line to the senescence-resistant, early CRPC variant, LNCaP SB5, revealed an enrichment of thiol-based redox-protective proteins in the latter under AD conditions. This finding suggests that redox stress due to hyperactivated mitogenic/survival signaling or metabolic stresses may be an important and understudied Achilles heel in the progression to CRPC. Here we present the effects of inhibiting thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), a redox-protective protein that was identified as being elevated in our early CRPC LNCaP SB5 model. Suppression of TRX1 expression via shRNA led to profound growth suppression of CRPC cells, relative to their AD-sensitive counterparts, and significantly reduced CRPC xenograft tumor growth. Furthermore, under AD, TRX1 suppression promoted p53-induced cell death, which was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). These in vitro and in vivo results were recapitulated using a Phase II clinical trial-tested chemical TRX1 inhibitor. Thus our results point to TRX1 as a critical requirement for CRPC progression and provide a rationale for using TRX1 inhibitors in conjunction with ADT to limit CRPC. Citation Format: Clara I. Troccoli, Govindi J. Samaranayake, Mai Q. Huynh, Karen Kage, Deukwoo Kwon, Yuguang Ban, Xi S. Chen, Enrique R. Zarco, Merce Jorda, Kerry L. Burnstein, Priyamvada Rai. Redox stress as a therapeutic Achilles heel in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5479. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5479
"It's Unwieldy and It Takes a Lot of Time." Challenges and Opportunities\n for Creating Agents in Commercial Games (2020)

Game agents such as opponents, non-player characters, and teammates are\ncentral to player experiences in many modern games. As the landscape of AI\ntechniques used in the games industry evolves to adopt machine learning (ML)\nmore widely, it is vital that the research community learn from the best\npractices cultivated within the industry over decades creating agents. However,\nalthough commercial game agent creation pipelines are more mature than those\nbased on ML, opportunities for improvement still abound. As a foundation for\nshared progress identifying research opportunities between researchers and\npractitioners, we interviewed seventeen game agent creators from AAA studios,\nindie studios, and industrial research labs about the challenges they\nexperienced with their professional workflows. Our study revealed several open\nchallenges ranging from design to implementation and evaluation. We compare\nwith literature from the research community that address the challenges\nidentified and conclude by highlighting promising directions for future\nresearch supporting agent creation in the games industry.\n
Recent Developments in Nanoparticle Based Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutics (2009)

Cancer is currently responsible for approximately one quarter of all deaths each year in the United States [1]. Decades of refinement to cancer treatment has led to a multimodal approach, which combines surgery with radiation and/or chemotherapy. However, aggressive and advanced stages of cancer are only slightly hindered with drugs and radiation at the cost of considerable patient morbidity. Implementation of nanotechnology can increase the potency and decrease the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents by specifically targeting cancerous tissue. Most nanotechnologies available in the clinical market are nanoparticle (NP) based drug delivery vehicles, which attests to the promise for cancer chemotherapy applications. There is a constantly growing list of materials and synthetic techniques that allow for the creation of NPs with different compositions, sizes, charge, architecture, biodegradability and surface moieties, all of which can be adjusted within each class of particle. Ultimately this design freedom can be utilized to take advantage of cancer pathophysiology and specifically target cancerous tissue. When synthesized to a certain size, NPs delivered systemically can exploit the leaky vasculature of cancerous tumors and passively target the desired cancerous tissue. More precision may be gained by attaching ligands that actively target surface moieties that are expressed to a greater extent by cancer. This review summarizes the progress made in the past 5 years in NP chemotherapeutic delivery with a focus on unique applications of passive, active and external targeting strategies followed by a discussion on what strategy is optimal for cancer chemotherapy.
Chemical and displacement atomic pair correlations in crystalline solid solutions recovered by anomalous x ray scattering in Fe-Ni alloys (1992)

Short-range pair correlations of atoms in crystalline solid solutions consist of both chemical and displacement correlations. Measurement of these pair correlations is fundamental to understanding the properties of solid solutions. We discuss anomalous scattering techniques which have provided an important advance in our ability to recover these pair correlations and to model the local atomic arrangements in crystalline solid solutions of Fe-Ni alloys.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon Plates Derived from Wood as Bifunctional ORR/OER Electrodes (2019)

Porous carbon electrodes have emerged as important cathode materials for metal-air battery systems. However, most approaches for fabricating porous carbon electrodes from biomass are highly energy inefficient as they require the breaking down of the biomass and its subsequent reconstitution into powder-like carbon. Here, enzymes are explored to effectively hydrolyze the partial cellulose in bulk raw wood to form a large number of nanopores, which helps to maximally expose the inner parts of the raw wood to sufficiently dope nitrogen onto the carbon skeletons during the subsequent pyrolysis process. The resulting carbons exhibit excellent catalytic activity with respect to the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. As-fabricated cellulose-digested, carbonized wood plates are mechanically strong, have high conductivity, and contain a crosslinked network and natural ion-transport channels and can be employed directly as metal-free electrodes without carbon paper, polymer binders, or carbon black. When used as metal-free cathodes in zinc-air batteries, they result in a specific capacity of 801 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> and an energy density of 955 W h kg<sup>-1</sup> with the long-term stability of the batteries being as high as 110 h. This work paves the way for the ready conversion of abundant biomass into high-value engineering products for energy-related applications.
Detachable Smartwatch (2019)

Glanceability and low access time are arguably the key assets of a smartwatch. However, smartwatches are currently limited to micro-interactions. They do not enable complex interactions and, in general, they do not afford continuous use for long. We believe that smartwatches can retain micro-interactions and glanceability, but also get better at long and complex interactions. We propose a smartwatch that a user can detach, and use as more than a wearable depending on their context, requirements, and preference. Detaching the watch enables it to morph into different forms, and thereby become a better interaction device, better display, and a better sensor suite. First, we interview participants to elicit usage themes for a detachable watch. Then, we build applications that showcase the range of use-cases where a detachable smartwatch offers additional functionality compared to an always-worn one, and highlights the affordances and benefits enabled due to detachability.
Propagation Prediction for Urban Systems (2018)

To provide mobile communication services to subscribers, the radio links in modern wireless systems cover relatively small distances. The short links allow for reuse of the spectrum in different regions, and work with lower radiated power to save battery life. Because the customers for modern wireless applications are predominately among buildings, the buildings have the greatest influence on the propagation over short distances. The channel characteristics are found to vary from one mobile location to another, so that they are usually described by means of statistical measures and distribution functions. Outside of the high-rise core, cities are composed of rows of buildings having nearly uniform height, with an occasional high building or cluster of high buildings. The buildings are taller and closer together near the core, but become lower and more spread farther from the core and into the suburbs.
Ultrahigh Dimensional Feature Screening via RKHS Embeddings (2013)

Feature screening is a key step in handling ul-trahigh dimensional data sets that are ubiq-uitous in modern statistical problems. Over the last decade, convex relaxation based ap-proaches (e.g., Lasso/sparse additive model) have been extensively developed and ana-lyzed for feature selection in high dimensional regime. But in the ultrahigh dimensional regime, these approaches suffer from several problems, both computationally and statisti-cally. To overcome these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel Hilbert space embedding based approach to independence screening for ultrahigh dimensional data sets. The pro-posed approach is model-free (i.e., no model assumption is made between response and predictors) and could handle non-standard (e.g., graphs) and multivariate outputs di-rectly. We establish the sure screening prop-erty of the proposed approach in the ultra-high dimensional regime, and experimentally demonstrate its advantages and superiority over other approaches on several synthetic and real data sets. 1
Novel clustering of items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised to define phenotypes within autism spectrum disorders (2009)

Heterogeneity in phenotypic presentation of Autism spectrum disorders has been cited as one explanation for the difficulty in pinpointing specific genes involved in autism. Recent studies have attempted to reduce the "noise" in genetic and other biological data by reducing the phenotypic heterogeneity of the sample population. The current study employs multiple clustering algorithms on 123 item scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) diagnostic instrument of nearly 2,000 autistic individuals to identify subgroups of autistic probands with clinically relevant behavioral phenotypes in order to isolate more homogeneous groups of subjects for gene expression analyses. Our combined cluster analyses suggest optimal division of the autistic probands into four phenotypic clusters based on similarity of symptom severity across the 123 selected item scores. One cluster is characterized by severe language deficits, while another exhibits milder symptoms across the domains. A third group possesses a higher frequency of savant skills while the fourth group exhibited intermediate severity across all domains. Grouping autistic individuals by multivariate cluster analysis of ADI-R scores reveals meaningful phenotypes of subgroups within the autistic spectrum, which we show, in a related (accompanying) study, to be associated with distinct gene expression profiles.
Glucosamine-Induced Inhibition of Liver Glucokinase Impairs the Ability of Hyperglycemia to Suppress Endogenous Glucose Production (1996)

Although the kinetic characteristics of hepatic glucokinase (GK) suggest its potential role as the hepatic "glucose sensor," its impact on the regulation of in vivo hepatic glucose production (HGP) is still controversial. Since decreased GK activity has been linked to experimental and human diabetes, we examined whether a moderate and transient inhibition of GK activity diminishes the ability of hyperglycemia to suppress HGP. We first determined the concentration of the competitive inhibitor, glucosamine (GlcN), which decreases hepatic GK activity by approximately 60% in vitro. GlcN was then infused into conscious rats to achieve a similar inhibition of the in vivo GK activity (plasma GlcN levels = approximately 2 mmol/l; rats infused with saline served as control, n = 20). To maintain equal plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations throughout the studies, somatostatin and insulin (basal replacement) were infused for 4 h. [3-(3H)]-glucose and [U-(14C)]-lactate were infused to measure HGP, gluconeogenesis, and glucose cycling (GC) during 2 h of euglycemia (glucose approximately 8 mmol/l) followed by 2 h of hyperglycemia (glucose approximately 18 mmol/l). Our results support the notion that hepatic GK activity is indeed decreased by GlcN in vivo. In fact, in response to hyperglycemia the "direct" pathway of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) formation was approximately 40% lower with GlcN compared with saline infusion (37 +/- 3 vs. 63 +/- 3%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, while hyperglycemia stimulated GC by approximately 2.5-fold during saline infusion (from 3.0 +/- 0.6 to 7.7 +/- 1.4 mg.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.001, euglycemia vs. hyperglycemia), this increase was blunted in the presence of GlcN (4.6 +/- 0.6 mg.kg-1.min-1, P = NS). Finally, in the presence of GlcN, the hepatic concentration of G-6-P was decreased by approximately 40% compared with saline (234 +/- 38 and 390 +/- 24 nmol/g, P < 0.01). During the euglycemic studies, HGP was similar (12.6 +/- 0.6 and 11.3 +/- 0.2 mg .kg-1.min-1 with GlcN or saline infusion, respectively). However, while hyperglycemia per se suppressed HGP by approximately 65%, HGP was inhibited by approximately 38% and it was approximately twofold higher than in the saline-infused rats (7.8 +/- 0.8 and 4.0 +/- 0.3 mg.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.01) in the presence of GlcN-induced inhibition of hepatic GK. This increase in HGP was largely accounted for by the decreased inhibition of hepatic net glycogenolysis by hyperglycemia (3.3 +/- 0.8 and 1.1 +/- 0.3 mg.kg-1.min-1 with GlcN or saline infusion, respectively, P < 0.01). We conclude that intact GK activity is required for the normal suppression of HGP by hyperglycemia and its impairment may contribute to increased HGP in experimental and human diabetes.
Computer-Assisted Design of a Superior Be2BO3F Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear-Optical Material (2018)

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear-optical (NLO) materials generating coherent DUV light by a direct second-harmonic-generation (SHG) process have long been pursued as industrially useful lasers. For several decades, KBe<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (KBBF) has been regarded as the best DUV-NLO material; it is characterized by a short DUV phase-matching edge of 161 nm and a large SHG coefficient of 0.47 pm/V. However, it suffers a strong layering tendency, hindering the growth of large crystals for commercial use. Here, we use a computer-aided swarm structure searching technique to design an alternative DUV-NLO material with a new atmospheric-pressure phase Be<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> with a P6̅2 c space group (γ-BBF) that outperforms the DUV-NLO properties of KBBF. The predicted DUV phase-matching edge and SHG coefficient of γ-BBF are 152 nm and 0.70 pm/V, respectively. The structure of γ-BBF reduces the layering tendency compared with KBBF because of the absence of K atoms in the γ-BBF crystal. Our work paves the way for superior DUV-NLO materials that can be grown as large crystals for commercial applications.