gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of taxanes in adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) of early breast cancer (EBC) (2007)

545 Background: Taxanes (docetaxel and paclitaxel) are highly active against breast cancer. Recent trials have examined taxanes as ACT for EBC. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare taxane containing ACT regimens with ACT not containing a taxane in women with operable EBC. Methods: Eligible studies were properly randomized controlled trials in women with operable EBC receiving ACT (neoadjuvant CT was excluded) that compared taxane containing ACT regimens to ACT without a taxane. Studies were identified by a specifically designed search performed of the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group specialized register (to January 2007), Medline (to November 2006), and relevant conference proceedings (to November 2006). The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS); secondary outcome measures included disease free survival (DFS) and toxicity. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, quality, and time-to-event (TTE) outcomes. Hazard ratios were derived for TTE outcomes where possible, and a fixed effect model was used for meta-analysis. Results: 20 studies were identified, 11 (4 abstracts; 7 full publications) with sufficient data published for inclusion (10 for OS, 11 for DFS). The average median follow-up was 54.6 months. All studies fulfilled quality criteria (allocation concealment, outcome measures, balance between arms, follow-up and intention to treat analysis) adequately or well. Amongst 17056 women with 2397 deaths, the HR for OS was 0.81, (95%CI=0.75–0.88, p&lt;0.00001) favoring taxane-containing ACT. 19943 women were included in analysis of DFS with a HR=0.81 (95%CI=0.75- 0.86, p&lt;0.00001) favoring taxane-containing ACT. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity for either OS or DFS. The effects were consistent in studies of node positive or node negative/positive patients, and with the same or longer duration of ACT in the taxane arm. Further analyses of taxane type (docetaxel or paclitaxel), sequential or concurrent taxane-anthracycline, and toxicity will be presented. Conclusions: This is the first meta-analysis quantifying the statistically significant OS and DFS benefit for the use of taxanes as ACT in operable EBC. Additional relevant studies remain unreported. Ongoing studies will define the optimal use of taxanes in EBC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Atomic force microscopy measurements of lens elasticity in monkey eyes. (2007)

AFM can be used to provide measurements of the elasticity of the whole lens including the capsule. Values obtained using AFM on cynomolgus monkey lenses are similar to published values obtained using dynamic mechanical analysis on young human lenses.
Lifespan extension by peroxidase and dual oxidase-mediated ROS signaling through pyrroloquinoline quinone in C. elegans (2017)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originally characterized based on their harmful effects on cells or organisms, are now recognized as important signal molecules regulating various biological processes. In particular, low levels of ROS released from mitochondria extend lifespan. Here, we identified a novel mechanism of generating appropriate levels of ROS at the plasma membrane through a peroxidase and dual oxidase (DUOX) system, which could extend lifespan in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> A redox co-factor, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), activates the <i>C. elegans</i> DUOX protein BLI-3 to produce the ROS H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at the plasma membrane, which is subsequently degraded by peroxidase (MLT-7), eventually ensuring adequate levels of ROS. These ROS signals are transduced mainly by the oxidative stress transcriptional factors SKN-1 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2 in mammals) and JUN-1, and partially by DAF-16 (a FOXO protein homolog). Cell biology experiments demonstrated a similarity between the mechanisms of PQQ-induced activation of human DUOX1 and DUOX2 and that of <i>C. elegans</i> BLI-3, suggesting that DUOXs are potential targets of intervention for lifespan extension. We propose that low levels of ROS, fine-tuned by the peroxidase and dual oxidase system at the plasma membrane, act as second messengers to extend lifespan by the effect of hormesis.
The effect of oxygen concentration on the structure of turbulent nonpremixed flames (2001)

MILD combustion is a newly implemented and developed concept to achieve high thermal efficiency and fuel saving while maintaining emission of pollutants at very low levels. It utilizes the concept of heat and exhaust gas recirculation to achieve combustion at reduced temperature, with a flat thermal field and low turbulence fluctuations. An experimental burner is used in this study. Temporally, and spatially resolved measurements of reactive scalars are conducted on three different flames of H2/CH4 fuel mixture at fixed jet Reynolds number and different oxygen mass fractions in the hot oxidant stream. The results show substantial variation of the flame structure with the decrease of the oxygen level. The results also point towards a different chemical pathway for the reaction in this combustion regime, where the formation of the OH radical and NO is less dependent on temperature.
Incidence and 30-day mortality of peptic ulcer bleeding in Korea (2012)

PUB incidence was higher among men and increased with advanced age. Increased 30-day mortality was observed in association with increasing age, after adjusting for comorbidity.
Supplemental Figures and Tables from An <i>Ex Vivo</i> Platform for the Prediction of Clinical Response in Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures and Tables to augment (1) the mathematical modeling (providing details on specific therapeutics); (2) patient characteristics (treatment history, clinical and predicted response), (3) synergistic activities identified by EMMA; and (4) data processing guides&lt;/p&gt;
Should Sisyphus Have Taken Melatonin? (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Structural Basis for Ligand Recognition and Discrimination of a Quorum-quenching Antibody (2011)

In the postantibiotic era, available treatment options for severe bacterial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have become limited. Therefore, new and innovative approaches are needed to combat such life-threatening infections. Virulence factor expression in S. aureus is regulated in a cell density-dependent manner using "quorum sensing," which involves generation and secretion of autoinducing peptides (AIPs) into the surrounding environment to activate a bacterial sensor kinase at a particular threshold concentration. Mouse monoclonal antibody AP4-24H11 was shown previously to blunt quorum sensing-mediated changes in gene expression in vitro and protect mice from a lethal dose of S. aureus by sequestering the AIP signal. We have elucidated the crystal structure of the AP4-24H11 Fab in complex with AIP-4 at 2.5 Å resolution to determine its mechanism of ligand recognition. A key Glu(H95) provides much of the binding specificity through formation of hydrogen bonds with each of the four amide nitrogens in the AIP-4 macrocyclic ring. Importantly, these structural data give clues as to the interactions between the cognate staphylococcal AIP receptors AgrC and the AIPs, as AP4-24H11·AIP-4 binding recapitulates features that have been proposed for AgrC-AIP recognition. Additionally, these structural insights may enable the engineering of AIP cross-reactive antibodies or quorum quenching vaccines for use in active or passive immunotherapy for prevention or treatment of S. aureus infections.
Embedded DRAM technologies (2002)

Issues on embedded DRAM technologies including their applications, process options, and tradeoffs are discussed. Real implementations of the embedded DRAM technologies with 0.5 /spl mu/m, 0.35 /spl mu/m, and 0.25 /spl mu/m are also presented. The embedded DRAM technologies will be used to realize high bandwidth and low power operation.
A two-dimensional YAC pooling strategy for library screeningviaSTS andAlu-PCR methods (1992)

We have developed a simple two-dimensional YAC pooling strategy to facilitate YAC library screening via STS and Alu-PCR approaches. The method has been implemented using the human total genomic YAC library of Olson and coworkers, and its validity tested by isolation of many chromosomes 19- and 21-specific YACs. The Alu-PCR approach is notable in that it is hybridization-based, such that PCR primer pairs do not need to be repeatedly synthesized and tested for each screening step.
Recent Advances in Biomarkers in Severe Burns (2016)

The pathophysiology of burn injuries is tremendously complex. A thorough understanding is essential for correct treatment of the burned area and also to limit the appearance of organ dysfunction, which, in fact, is a key determinant of morbidity and mortality. In this context, research into biomarkers may play a major role. Biomarkers have traditionally been considered an important area of medical research: the measurement of certain biomarkers has led to a better understanding of pathophysiology, while others have been used either to assess the effectiveness of specific treatments or for prognostic purposes. Research into biomarkers may help to improve the prognosis of patients with severe burn injury. The aim of the present clinical review is to discuss new evidence of the value of biomarkers in this setting.
Correction: Autoantibody-Targeted Treatments for Acute Exacerbations of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2015)

In the penultimate sentence of the Results section of the Abstract, the plus sign should be a plus-or-minus sign. The correct sentence is: One-year survival of trial subjects was 46±15% vs. 0% among historical controls.

In Table 2, spaces are missing before the acronym “PEEP” in the “Pre-Rx O2” and “Post-Rx O2” columns. Please see the correct Table 2 here.



Table 2

Individual Treatment Outcomes.
A stepwise approach towards diagnostic workup in dementia using online cognitive tools (2021)

Abstract Background Dementia affects more and more people worldwide. Unfortunately, only half of dementia cases are well recognized. This indicates a need for both efficient and tailored tools for diagnosis. To improve the number of correctly diagnosed patients while retaining cost‐effectiveness, we study a stepwise data‐driven approach for the diagnostic workup. By using the online cognitive test tool cCOG [1] as prescreener, we aim to select the right diagnostic workup for each patient. Methods We included 710 subjects from three memory clinic cohorts (PredictND, VPH‐DARE and Amsterdam dementia cohort) with different types of dementia and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). All patients performed a neuropsychological (NP) test battery (consisting of MMSE, RAVLT, TMT‐A and B and Animal Fluency) and had MRI of the brain. A subset of 214 subjects additionally performed cCOG. To verify results we imputed missing cCOG based on corresponding NP tests [1]. From MRI, multiple imaging biomarkers were defined [2]. We tested a stepwise diagnostic approach, starting with screening using cCOG, then if needed testing with NP test battery and MRI, using the Disease State Index (DSI) classifier [2]. At each step patients were selected for the next step based on DSI model’s confidence (Figure 1). Results The stepwise approach was as accurate as performing all tests in every patient (Table 1), but it reduced the number of tests done especially in SCD patients considerably, with NP in only 57% and MRI in 38% (Table 2). This was also reflected in reduced cost per patient in typical memory clinic population (from estimated 510 € to 238‐243 €). For dementia patients the reduction in number of tests and costs was smaller. Conclusion This study suggest that using a stepwise approach, applying online cognitive tests as prescreening at home, can reduce the number of patient visits to clinic and costs. The results were as accurate as with the standard traditional work‐up. Online cognitive testing is therefore a promising tool to funnel the patient flow to memory clinics, also in times of social distancing. References: [1] Rhodius‐Meester, H.F.M. et al. Alzheimers Dement 2020 Aug25;12(1) [2] Bruun, M. et al. Alzheimers Dement 2018 Aug17;10.
Comparing juvenile justice systems: towards a qualitative research project in East Asia (2011)

This paper contrasts the assumptions and methods used by quantitative criminologists with the approach to comparison pursued by the interpretive tradition in sociology. Whereas quantitative studies tend to conceal distinctive legislative or institutional responses in particular countries, interpretive studies make it possible to address internal debates about policy issues, as well as how practitioners exercise professional judgement. The paper considers a variety of ways in which the interpretive traditions of symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology have approached comparison. It also considers the conceptual and practical issues that might arise in conducting a qualitative comparative study about juvenile justice within East Asia focusing on Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Whereas quantitative studies tend to ask questions that interest Western researchers, interpretivism makes possible a dialogue between countries that have different institutions, philosophies and cultures.
Ozone Detection by Crack-Induced Opacity in Rubber (1999)

Abstract Initially transparent polybutadiene develops micron-sized surface cracks when stretched and exposed to ozone. The consequent reduction in the transparency of the rubber provides a facile method for quantifying the ambient ozone concentration. The rate at which opacity develops is linearly dependent on the amount of ozone, and increases with increasing strain. This method of detecting atmospheric ozone has high sensitivity (1 ppb), a broad dynamic range, and is unaffected by the presence of other chemicals. The surface morphology of exposed material can be interpreted in terms of crack nucleation and growth.
TAT Protein Transduction Into Isolated Perfused Hearts (2002)

Our results demonstrate that TAT-linked fusion protein transduction into the myocardium is feasible and that transduction of TAT-ARC is protective in cell culture and in the perfused heart.
Depth-viewing-volume increase by collimation of stereo 3-D displays (2002)

The results from an investigation into whether or not a dramatic increase in depth-viewing volume for stereo 3-D displays would be provided by the application of collimated optics to a stereo display source are presented. As background, some previously used 3-D stereo displays are described. The graphics-generation hardware and software are discussed. The stereo visual system is described. The collimation system consists of a beam-splitter and reflective mirror combination. The curvature of the mirror and display source placement provided a collimated output to the viewer. A conventional stereo 3-D monitor, although it had a nonoptimal size and curvature profile, was mounted on the collimation system. The results show that even though the actual screen distance was set by design at 27 in, the light collimation produced a virtual screen distance, subjectively estimated at between 50 and 100 ft.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of chemical treatments of sugar beet fibre on their physico‐chemical properties and on their in‐vitro fermentation (1993)

Abstract Chemically treated and dried sugar beet fibres were fermented in vitro in order to study the effects of chemical and physico‐chemical parameters of dietary fibre on their colonic fermentation. Sugar beet fibre was treated with dilute alkali, removing mainly acetyl and methyl ester groups, and/or with dilute acids eliminating arabinose, galactose and certain uronic acid residues. The chemical treatments led to an increase in the hydration properties and fermentability by improvement of the accessibility of the remaining polysaccharides. However, if the chemically treated fibres were dried under harsh conditions (100°C), their hydration properties and their fermentability were limited, probably because of structural collapse of the fibre matrix. Whatever the conditions for chemical treatments and drying of the sugar beet fibres, it was possible to predict their fermentability from the water‐binding capacity. Because of the relationship between the physiological effects of dietary fibres and the extent to which they are fermented, this result underlines the importance of the physico‐chemical characterisation of the fibre in order to acquire a better knowledge of their physiological effects.
Wavelet-based redundant representation for efficient random access of volumetric images (2010)

Random access for remote visualization of an arbitrary 2-D planar cut from a large volumetric dataset poses significant challenges in terms bandwidth, storage and memory requirements. In our previous work, we have proposed a fast random image 3D retrieval system, which use overlapping rotated tiles to represent the dataset. This approach achieves a significant reduction in average transmission rate as compared to traditional cubic tiling. Additionally, this approach leads to improved random access, with less storage and runtime memory required at the client. In this paper, we first describe the details of our 3D compression technique. Then, we propose a new wavelet based approach, which can achieve 25% reduction in the average transmission rate at the cost of a factor of five in storage overhead (half of what was required for our previously proposed method).
Nonlinear Analysis of a 2-DOF Piecewise Linear Aeroelastic System (2012)

Aerodynamic forces for a 2-DOF aeroelastic system oscillating in pitch and plunge are modeled as a piecewise linear function. Equilibria of the piecewise linear model are obtained and their stability/bifurcations analyzed. Two of the main bifurcations are border collision and rapid/Hopf bifurcations. Continuation is used to generate the bifurcation diagrams of the system. Chaotic behavior following the intermittent route is also observed. To better understand the grazing phenomenon sets of initial conditions associated with the system behavior are defined and analyzed.
Human herpesvirus 6 (strain U1102) encodes homologues of the conserved herpesvirus glycoprotein gM and the alphaherpesvirus origin-binding protein (1995)

The nucleotide sequence of 3,134 bp from the genome of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) strain U1102 was determined. The sequence overlaps and is contiguous with the 21,858 bp nucleotide sequence published by us previously. The sequence reported here encodes two open reading frames, named 18L and 19R. The protein encoded by 18L shares amino acid sequence similarity with the multiply hydrophobic glycoprotein M conserved in the genomes of all herpesviruses sequenced to date. ORF 19R encodes a protein which shares a significant degree of amino acid sequence conservation with the origin-binding protein homologues encoded by members of the alphaherpesvirus subgroup, but does not share detectable amino acid sequence homology with positionally analogous open reading frames present in the genomes of other betaherpesviruses or in the genomes of gammaherpesviruses.
Comparing Human and Machine Deepfake Detection with Affective and Holistic Processing. (2021)

The recent emergence of deepfake videos leads to an important societal question: how can we know if a video that we watch is real or fake? In three online studies with 15,016 participants, we present authentic videos and deepfakes and ask participants to identify which is which. We compare the performance of ordinary participants against the leading computer vision deepfake detection model and find them similarly accurate while making different kinds of mistakes. Together, participants with access to the model's prediction are more accurate than either alone, but inaccurate model predictions often decrease participants' accuracy. We embed randomized experiments and find: incidental anger decreases participants' performance and obstructing holistic visual processing of faces also hinders participants' performance while mostly not affecting the model's. These results suggest that considering emotional influences and harnessing specialized, holistic visual processing of ordinary people could be promising defenses against machine-manipulated media.
Analytical Response of Synchronous Generators during Load Rejection and Field Short-circuit Tests (2007)

Abstract In a recent work, the authors developed what they called a numerical hybrid state model and used it to predict the performance of a saturated synchronous generator during load rejection tests. The state matrices were presented in compact numerical form and may prove tedious to implement for a given application. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to derive these matrices in terms of the generator's physical parameters using symbolic software. For direct and easy computation of the model output variables, time-variant analytical waveforms of the phase voltages and the field current following a generator tripping (load rejection) and an open stator field short-circuit are also developed in terms of the generator parameters using the state model solution of the linear control systems theory. Two full-load rejection tests, one with an inductive load, other with a capacitive load and a standard field short-circuit test with the stator in open circuit are performed. Comparisons are made between the simulation results and actual data obtained from a laboratory machine to assess the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed synchronous generator framework analysis.