gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculating the electromagnetic field and losses in the end region of large synchronous generators under different operating conditions with three-dimensional transient finite element analysis (2016)

The significant losses in the end components due to the leakage magnetic field excited by the armature and field end windings can result in partial overheating and is an important consideration in the design of large synchronous generators. This paper describes an approach based on the three-dimensional (3D) transient finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the fields and losses in the generator end region. Taking the nonlinear/anisotropic properties of the stator core, as well as the slitting and stepping shape of core-end packets into consideration, the electromagnetic field and loss distribution in the end region is calculated. The method is validated by the agreement found between the temperatures predicted by the 3D stationary thermal FEA and the temperatures obtained from a physical measurement at various points in the generator. Then, the field and loss distributions in the end region under the open-circuit test condition, power factor lagging condition and leading condition are analyzed and compared using the proposed transient 3D FEA method.
Update in Pediatric Lung Disease 2010 (2011)

Increasing awareness of the relevance of early life events to lung health in adults and the need to identify and treat lung disease before changes become irreversible in children with chronic respiratory conditions have led to a resurgence of interest in infant respiratory physiology. This trend has been highlighted in previous yearly reviews of pediatric lung diseases in the Journal and has continued in 2010. This review summarizes new reports on lung function in children with a variety of lung diseases, the impact of environmental factors on lung function, and the molecular events that regulate normal and abnormal lung development.
Intrusive growth of sclerenchyma fibers (2010)

Intrusive growth is a type of cell elongation when the rate of its longitudinal growth is higher than that of surrounding cells; therefore, these cells intrude between the neighboring cells penetrating the middle lamella. The review considers the classical example of intrusive growth, e.g., elongation of sclerenchyma fibers when the cells achieve the length of several centimeters. We sum the published results of investigations of plant fiber intrusive growth and present some features of intrusive growth characterized by the authors for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers. The following characteristics of intrusive growth are considered: its rate and duration, relationship with the growth rate of surrounding cells, the type of cell elongation, peculiarities of the fiber primary cell wall structure, fibers as multinucleate cells, and also the control of intrusive growth. Genes, which expression is sharply reduced at suppression of intrusive growth, are also considered. Arguments for separation of cell elongation and secondary cell wall formation in phloem fibers and also data indicating diffuse type of cell enlargement during intrusive growth are presented.
Supply Chain Digital Twin Framework Design: An Approach of Supply Chain Operations Reference Model and System of Systems (2021)

Digital twin technology has been regarded as a beneficial approach in supply chain development. Different from traditional digital twin (temporal dynamic), supply chain digital twin is a spatio-temporal dynamic system. This paper explains what is 'twined' in supply chain digital twin and how to 'twin' them to handle the spatio-temporal dynamic issue. A supply chain digital twin framework is developed based on the theories of system of systems and supply chain operations reference model. This framework is universal and can be applied in various types of supply chain systems. We firstly decompose the supply chain system into unified standard blocks preparing for the adoption of digital twin. Next, the idea of supply chain operations reference model is adopted to digitise basic supply chain activities within each block and explain how to use existing information system. Then, individual sub-digital twin is established for each member in supply chain system. After that, we apply the concept of system of systems to integrate and coordinate sub-digital twin into supply chain digital twin from the views of supply chain business integration and information system integration. At last, one simple supply chain system is applied to illustrate the application of the proposed model.
LC Polyimides 30. Non-Crystalline Cholesteric Poly(Ester-Imide)s Based on Isosorbide and 1, 6-Bis(4-Carboxyphenoxy)Hexane (1997)

Numerous cholesteric copoly(ester-imide)s were prepared from tert.-butylhydroquinone and isosorbide, on the one hand, and from the acid chlorides of N-(4-carboxyphenyl)trimellitimide and 1, 6-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)hexane on the other. Two polycondensation methods were applied and compared. The molar ratio of the diols was varied and also the molar ratio of hot dicarboxylic acid chlorides. The copoly(ester-imide)s formed Grandjean textures with a low content (5–10 mol%) of isosorbide and relatively high content of the flexible dicarboxylic acid. The glass transition temperatures ( T g s) varied in the range of 160–180 °C.
clRF-3, a new member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family that is rapidly and transiently induced by dsRNA (1995)

In mammals, some of the effects of interferon (IFN) on gene transcription are known to be mediated by a family of IFN-inducible DNA-binding proteins, the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family, which includes both activators and repressors of transcription. Although IFN activities have been described in many vertebrates, little is known about regulation of IFN- or IFN-stimulated genes in species other than human and mouse. Here, we report the cloning of a chicken cDNA, cIRF-3, encoding a protein with a DNA-binding domain similar to that found in the mammalian IRF family of proteins. Similarity between cIRF-3 and the mammalian IRFs is comparable with that between known members of the family. It is most similar to the IRF proteins ICSBP and ISGF3 gamma but is equally divergent from both. Gel mobility shift assays indicate that cIRF-3 is capable of binding a known IFN-stimulated response element that is conserved between the mammalian and chicken Mx genes. Expression of the cIRF-3 gene can be induced to high levels by poly(I).poly(C). Induction is rapid and transient with no requirement for protein synthesis. Co-treatment of cells with cycloheximide results in superinduction of cIRF-3 mRNA. The structural and regulatory characteristics of cIRF-3 indicate that it is the first example of a non-mammalian IRF protein.
Rate-splitting and successive decoding for Gaussian interference channels (2016)

Joint decoding is employed in many coding schemes to achieve a larger rate region. However, decoding complexity escalates considerably when joint decoding is used. This paper studies the achievable sum-rate of the two-user Gaussian interference channel when joint decoding is replaced by successive decoding. When interference is weak, it is shown that, for a wide range of transmitters' powers, rate-splitting and joint decoding are not required. A single split scheme with successive decoding achieves the Han-Kobayashi sum-rate. When rate-splitting is required, a novel rate-splitting scheme is proposed that does not use joint decoding. The number of required splits and the amount of power allocated to each split are expressed in closed forms. It is proved that the difference between the sum-rate of this scheme and that of the Han-Kobayashi scheme is bounded, even when transmitters' powers approach infinity.
Metabolomics approach reveals metabolic disorders and potential biomarkers associated with the developmental toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A (2016)

Tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A are halogenated bisphenol A (H-BPA), and has raised concerns about their adverse effects on the development of fetuses and infants, however, the molecular mechanisms are unclear, and related metabolomics studies are limited. Accordingly, a metabolomics study based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to elucidate the molecular developmental toxicology of H-BPA using the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigmas) embryo model. Here, we revealed decreased synthesis of nucleosides, amino acids and lipids, and disruptions in the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, glycolysis and lipid metabolism, thus inhibiting the developmental processes of embryos exposed to H-BPA. Unexpectedly, we observed enhanced neural activity accompanied by lactate accumulation and accelerated heart rates due to an increase in dopamine pathway and a decrease in inhibitory neurotransmitters following H-BPA exposure. Notably, disorders of the neural system, and disruptions in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, nucleoside metabolism, lipid metabolism, glutamate and aspartate metabolism induced by H-BPA exposure were heritable. Furthermore, lactate and dopa were identified as potential biomarkers of the developmental toxicity of H-BPA and related genetic effects. This study has demonstrated that the metabolomics approach is a useful tool for obtaining comprehensive and novel insights into the molecular developmental toxicity of environmental pollutants.
SYNTHESIS OF ZIRCONIUM OXYNITRIDE (ZrON) NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS ON ZIRCONIUM SUBSTRATE BY DENSE PLASMA FOCUS DEVICE (2008)

Nanocrystalline zirconium nitride/oxide "zirconium oxynitride" nanocomposite film is deposited on zirconium substrate by dense plasma focus device at room temperature. X-ray diffraction of irradiated samples reveals that different phases ( ZrN , Zr 3 N 4 and ZrO 2 ) of zirconium nitride and zirconium oxide are evolved. The crystallinity of these phases depends on axial positions as well as ion energy flux. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the deposited film is more compact at lower axial position, which is due to higher ion energy flux. Energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy shows that the presence of nitrogen concentration decreases by increasing the axial position. Maximum microhardness value for the deposited layer is found to be 7200 ± 12 MPa at 10 gram imposed load.
Outcome assessments in children with cerebral palsy, Part II: discriminatory ability of outcome tools (2007)

Discriminatory ability of several pediatric outcome tools was assessed relative to Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level in patients with cerebral palsy. Five hundred and sixty-two patients (400 with diplegia, 162 with hemiplegia; 339 males, 223 females; age range 4-18y, mean 11y 1mo [SD 3y 7mo]), classified as GMFCS Levels I to III, participated in this prospective multicenter, cross-sectional study. All tools were completed by parents and participants when appropriate. Effect size indices (ESIs) for parametric variables and odds ratios for non-parametric data quantified the magnitude of differences across GMFCS levels. Binary logistic regression models determined discrimination, and receiver operating characteristic curves addressed sensitivity and specificity. Between Levels I and II, the most discriminatory tools were Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66), velocity, and WeeFIM Mobility. Between Levels II and III, the most discriminatory tools were GMFM Dimension E, Pediatric Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) Self-Care and Mobility, cadence, and Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire Question 1. Large ESIs were noted for Parent and Child reports of Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) Sports & Physical Function, Parent report of PODCI Global Function, GMFM Dimension E, and GMFM-66 across all GMFCS level comparisons. The least discriminatory tools were the Quality of Life and cognition measures; however, these are important in comprehensive assessments of treatment effects.
Cytokine secretion requires phosphatidylcholine synthesis (2008)

Choline cytidylyltransferase (CCT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway. Here, we demonstrate that CCTα-mediated phosphatidylcholine synthesis is required to maintain normal Golgi structure and function as well as cytokine secretion from the Golgi complex. CCTα is localized to the trans-Golgi region and its expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated wild-type macrophages. Although LPS triggers transient reorganization of Golgi morphology in wild-type macrophages, similar structural alterations persist in CCTα-deficient cells. Pro–tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 remain lodged in the secretory compartment of CCTα-deficient macrophages after LPS stimulation. However, the lysosomal-mediated secretion pathways for interleukin-1β secretion and constitutive apolipoprotein E secretion are unaltered. Exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine restores LPS-stimulated secretion from CCTα-deficient cells, and elevated diacylglycerol levels alone do not impede secretion of pro–tumor necrosis factor α or interleukin-6. These results identify CCTα as a key component in membrane biogenesis during LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion from the Golgi complex.
Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Defined, Feeder‐Free Reprogramming System (2018)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer great opportunities for the study of human development and disease modeling and have enormous potential for use in future clinical cell-based therapies. However, most current systems to create hiPSCs often expose the cells to animal feeder layers or xenogeneic reagents; this raises safety concerns about using hiPSC-derived cells for therapeutic purposes. Here, we describe protocols to generate hiPSCs without exposing the cells to xenogeneic materials that uses a defined, feeder-free reprogramming system. With this method, we were able to successfully reprogram not only patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells but also amniocytes from the amniotic fluid of stillborn fetuses using two independent reprogramming platforms. Importantly, hiPSCs generated in this fashion expressed pluripotent markers and had normal karyotypes. The protocols allowed us to generate and culture hiPSCs under Good Manufacturing Practice-like conditions, a necessary step for the future clinical application of these cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental study on external-cycling solid-liquid fluidized bed heat exchanger (2005)

By making an experimental apparatus of the external cycling solid liquid fluidized bed heat exchanger(ESLFBE) and conducting experiments for a wide range of variables by independently varying the conditions, the main variables that influence on the stability of ESLFBE and the regulars of velocity of flow,muzzle size, muzzle deepness and particle density influencing on voidages of ascend piper and descend piper under a steady work condition were given
Stochastic Predictive Control for Crash Avoidance in Autonomous Vehicles Based on Stochastic Reachable Set Threat Assessment (2021)

Abstract Unexpected hazardous road situations frequently arise on the roads, which lead to crashes. Detecting a threat in advance and generating a fallback trajectory are some of the major challenges faced by autonomous vehicles. Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC) approaches have recently proven to be highly effective in controlling systems in highly uncertain environments. However, the chance-constrained formulation of the SMPC makes it computationally expensive for fast real-time implementation. This paper presents a fast, proactive decision-making approach for crash avoidance in autonomous vehicles based on SMPC. Two problems are addressed in this study: 1) Assessing threat to the autonomous vehicle from the surrounding vehicles and 2) Fast safe trajectory generation for the autonomous vehicle in case of a future predicted crash. Threat assessment is addressed using stochastic reachability analysis for the surrounding vehicles, which accounts for surrounding drivers likely future motion and intents. We have proposed a fast, proactive decision-making algorithm to generate crash avoidance trajectories based on Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC). We reformulate the SMPC probabilistic constraints as deterministic constraints using convex hull formulation, allowing for faster real-time implementation. This deterministic SMPC implementation ensures in real-time that the vehicle maintains a minimum probabilistic safety. It is shown that the proposed decision-making approach is successful in avoiding crash scenarios with a medium risk factor range.
Morphosyntactic Disambiguation for TTS Systems (2002)

Survival following the Fontan procedure has improved with time and is influenced by Fontan type and age at the time of Fontan. At a mean follow-up of 8.9 years, there was no significant association between survival and ventricular morphology, not taking into account the mortality prior to Fontan.
From Sensor-Space to Eigenspace – A Novel Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance Method for Mobile Robots (2019)

This paper presents a novel real-time obstacle avoidance and navigation technique called as “Free-configuration Eigenspace” (FCE). The FCE enables an autonomous robot to detect unknown obstacles and avoid collisions while simultaneously steering the robot towards the target. The methodology utilizes a two-dimensional (2D) Cartesian Eigenspace as a world model. 2D way points (in world model) are extracted by computing (through FCE model) stacked Eigenvectors of laser data at discrete time scans which manifest desired robotic trajectory. The world model is updated continuously upon obtaining discrete time laser scans sampled by on-board Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. The FCE technique has been implemented on Robotic Operating System and real-time robotics simulator Gazebo®. Encouraging results are obtained and shown in this paper. The FCE has also been tested in real-time with laser scans obtained from VL6180X LiDAR sensor mounted on a custom autonomous robot. The results obtained are further compared with the state-of-the-art obstacle avoidance and path planning method called as vector field histogram (VFH). The FCE results (shown in the paper) are comparable, encouraging, and outperform VFH in path length and safe distance maintenance.
LIFUS5/Mod2: The Experimental Facility for HLM/Water Interaction Investigation (2012)

The interaction between heavy liquid metal (HLM) and water is a safety concern for the preliminary designs of lead fast reactor and of subcritical transmutation system prototypes. Current pool-type configurations have the steam generators inside the reactor vessel. This implies that the primary to secondary leak (e.g. steam generator tube rupture) shall be considered as a safety issue in the design, but also in the preliminary safety analysis, of this reactor types. This requires availability of qualified experiments carried out with initial and boundary conditions representative of the reactor prototype. The objective is to support the development and to demonstrate the reliability of computer codes in simulating the phenomena of interest. LIFUS5/Mod2 is a separate effect test facility, designed for investigating the interaction between heavy liquid metal (HLM) and water, installed at ENEA CR Brasimone. LIFUS5 test facility is refurbished based on the operating experience acquired during the previous experimental campaigns and the support of numerical tools (i.e. SIMMER-III, -IV and, with some extent, RELAP5). The new design involves a new facility configuration, test section, instrumentation and control systems. This paper presents the new LIFUS5/Mod2 facility, the planned experimental campaign and code calculations devoted to support the design modifications, the instrumentation and the final test matrix. The activities are performed in the framework of the EC funded THINS Project and thanks the support of the Italian Ministry for the Economic Development.
Experimental Study of Transport Layer Protocols for Wireless Networked Control Systems (2023)

In Wireless Networked Control Systems (WNCSs), the feedback control loops are closed over a wireless communication network. The proliferation of WNCSs requires efficient network resource management mechanisms since the control performance is significantly affected by the impairments caused by network limitations. In conventional communication networks, the amount of transmitted data is one of the key performance indicators. In contrast, in WNCSs, the efficiency of the network is measured by its ability to facilitate control applications, and the data transmission rate should be limited to avoid network congestion. In this work, we consider an experimental setup where multiple control loops share a wireless communication network. Our testbed comprises up to five control loops that include Zolertia Re-Mote devices implementing IEEE 802.15.4 standard. We propose a novel relevance- and network-aware transport layer (TL) scheme for WNCSs. The proposed scheme admits the most important measurements for the control process into the network while taking current network conditions into account. Moreover, we propose a mechanism for the scheme parameters adaptation in dynamic scenarios with unknown network statistics. Unlike the conventional TL mechanisms failing to provide adequate control performance due to either congestion in the network or inefficient utilization of available resources, our method prevents network congestion while keeping the control performance high. We argue that relevance- and network-awareness are critical components of network protocol design to avoid control performance degradation in practice.
Respiratory Care Informatics and the Practice of Respiratory Care (2008)

Recently I reported the results of a study that was conducted to determine how respiratory care information is managed and processed in respiratory care departments. Data obtained from the respiratory care departments surveyed indicated that their information systems (paper-based or automated) do not manage and process respiratory care information effectively or efficiently. Since the goal of an information system is to improve delivery of services, any useful information system must mirror business processes (or professional activities) to achieve that goal. Consequently, I suggested that, in addition to inadequate database management systems, the shortcomings of the information systems surveyed may have stemmed from a failure to accurately define and describe the data, information, and knowledge unique to the respiratory care profession. Accurate description and definition of respiratory care data, information, and knowledge, however, require a formal language and taxonomy for the respiratory care profession. This article explores the concept of respiratory care informatics and its relevance to the practice of respiratory care.