gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1509-P: Development of a Noninvasive Fibrosis Score for Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2020)

Objective: In NAFLD, non-invasive serum-based fibrosis scores are often recommended as first-line assessment tools, followed by transient elastography to identify patients at high risk of liver fibrosis for consideration of liver biopsy. However, some studies had reported lower accuracy of these scores in diabetes. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to develop a non-invasive fibrosis score specifically for type 2 diabetes to improve risk stratification. Research Design and Methods: A total of 815 adults with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD was recruited from the diabetes clinic in Hong Kong. A random sample of 643 individuals were included in the training set, and the remaining 172 in the testing set. All participants had transient elastography for assessment of liver fibrosis. Diabetes Fibrosis Score (DFS) was developed to identify patients with advanced fibrosis (AF) on transient elastography, defined as liver stiffness (LS) &amp;gt;9.5kPa, using significant determinants of LS with variables selected based on Akaike information criteria. The performance of DFS was compared with conventional liver fibrosis scores (NAFLD fibrosis score [NFS], Fib-4 and APRI), based on their area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV). Results: The variables included in DFS consisted of body mass index, platelet, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels. The AUROC of DFS for AF on transient elastography was 0.822, while those of NFS, APRI and Fib-4 were 0.629, 0.643 and 0.788, respectively. In the testing set, the AUROC of DFS was 0.852, with 76.7% Sn, 82.3% Sp, PPV 48.2% and NPV 94.3%. Conclusions: Compared to conventional non-invasive fibrosis scores, DFS more accurately identified, amongst patients comorbid with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD, those who should undergo transient elastography to evaluate their risk of liver fibrosis. Disclosure C. Lee: None. W. Seto: None. K. Ieong: None. D.T.W. Lui: None. H. Fong: None. H. Wan: None. W. Chow: None. Y. Woo: None. M. Yuen: None. K.S. Lam: Advisory Panel; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp.
ChemInform Abstract: EINSCHIEBUNG VON DICHLORCARBEN IN EINE WOLFRAM‐WASSERSTOFF‐BINDUNG (1972)

Abstract Das Wolframhydrid (I) reagiert mit dem Natriumsalz (II) der Trichloressigsäure in Dimethoxyäthan zu dem Dichlorcarben‐Einschiebungsprodukt (III) in ca. 20%iger Ausbeute.
Power system stabilizing control and current limiting by a SMES with a series phase compensator (2001)

In this paper, a combined controller of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) with series phase compensator for the stabilization of a power system is proposed. By the use of a series compensator, the SMES becomes capable of absorbing the generator accelerating power during a short circuit fault. In addition, the fault current is limited by the energy absorption as well as by the leakage reactance of a series transformer. A new control scheme for damping control of the generator swing has been proposed that is suitable for a SMES with series configuration. Some numerical results demonstrate significant effectiveness for the enhancement of power system stability and fault current limiting.
Animal and Environmental Performance of a Retrofitted Mechanical Cross-Ventilation System to a Naturally Ventilated Freestall Dairy Barn in the Midwestern U.S. (2008)

Two naturally-ventilated freestall dairy barns, constructed in the mid-western United States in the mid 1990s, were recently (spring, 2007) retrofitted into mechanical cross-flow ventilation systems to improve cow comfort and performance. The two barns are part of the National Air Emission Monitoring Study (NAEMS), which is measuring gas and particulate emissions from livestock and poultry buildings and associated manure storages. The two, approximately 27-meter-wide barns were converted from natural ventilation to cross-flow ventilation systems by installing a continuous row of belt-driven, 127-cm diameter axial exhaust fans (59 and 66 fans respectively for barns 1 and 2) along one side of each barn. Air enters each barn along the opposite sidewalls. A solid plastic curtain baffle runs the length of both barns from the closed ridge peaks to the top of a row of headlocks along the feed manger to force ventilation air down to cow level. In addition, two rows of water fogging nozzles (1 m spacing) were installed in both barns, one at the sidewall inlets and the other at the bottom of the interior baffle. The fogging nozzles provide evaporative cooling to the incoming and cross ventilating air. The new ventilation systems were able to maintain indoor air below ambient outdoor temperatures in the two dairy barns and provided convective cooling of the cows during warm summer days. Indoor air quality as measured by carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration were well within generally acceptable levels. Milk yield and feed efficiency improved in these two barns during the 4 summer (June September) months of 2007 compared to the previous three summers (2004-2006) even though 2007 had greater number of days above 30 C. Additional research is needed to show more statistical evidence of the biological improvements in herd performance from cross-flow ventilation / evaporative cooling systems.
<title>Modulation schemes of diffractive elements</title> (1993)

We present a new strategy for the calculation of diffractive elements with high efficiencies and high signalto- noise-ratios. The procedure is based on coding theory in digital holography. We discuss three different modulation schemes for diffractive structures and present first experimental results. I.
Question classification using support vector machines (2003)

Question classification is very important for question answering. This paper presents our research work on automatic question classification through machine learning approaches. We have experimented with five machine learning algorithms: Nearest Neighbors (NN), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Sparse Network of Winnows (SNoW), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) using two kinds of features: bag-of-words and bag-of-ngrams. The experiment results show that with only surface text features the SVM outperforms the other four methods for this task. Further, we propose to use a special kernel function called the tree kernel to enable the SVM to take advantage of the syntactic structures of questions. We describe how the tree kernel can be computed efficiently by dynamic programming. The performance of our approach is promising, when tested on the questions from the TREC QA track.
List of cationic metabolites detected using CE-TOFMS from Metabolome Analyses Uncovered a Novel Inhibitory Effect of Acyclic Retinoid on Aberrant Lipogenesis in a Mouse Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Tumorigenesis Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relative intensity of 254 cationic metabolites detected using CE-TOFMS.&lt;/p&gt;
Resveratrol stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (2007)

trans-Resveratrol (t-RVT), a naturally occurring polyphenol found in Polygonum cuspidatum, grape, and red wine, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and cancer chemopreventive properties. However antidiabetic effect of t-RVT has not yet been reported. In this study, we show that t-RVT increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), uncovering an antidiabetic potential of t-RVT for the first time. AMPK plays a central role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and hence it is considered a novel therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes. t-RVT significantly induced glucose uptake in C2C12 cells, via AMPK activation, but not a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) signal pathway. The induced glucose uptake was attenuated by pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor for AMPK, indicating that the effect of t-RVT primarily depends on AMPK activation. However, in the presence of insulin, t-RVT also potentiated the effect of insulin on glucose uptake via AMPK activation, which led to further activation of PI-3 kinase/Akt signal pathway.
Stereoselektive Synthese von Retro‐Isomeren des N‐Glucoasparagins (1995)

Eine neuartige Verknüpfung zwischen dem anomeren Zentrum einer Pyranose und einer Aminosäure stellt die rechts gezeigte C‐glycosidische Amidbindung dar. Sie ließ sich durch Kupplung von Heptonsäuren mit einem β‐Aminoalaninderivat bilden. Sowohl das α‐ als auch das β‐Anomer konnten selektiv synthetisiert werden. magnified image
Subclinical effects of remote ischaemic conditioning in human kidney transplants revealed by quantitative proteomics (2020)

Together, our results indicate sub-clinical systemic and organ-localised effects of RIC.
The Predicted 3D Structures of the Human M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor with Agonist or Antagonist Bound (2006)

The muscarinic acetylcholine G-protein-coupled receptors are implicated in diseases ranging from cognitive dysfunctions to smooth-muscle disorders. To provide a structural basis for drug design, we used the MembStruk computational method to predict the 3D structure of the human M1 muscarinic receptor. We validated this structure by using the HierDock method to predict the binding sites for three agonists and four antagonists. The intermolecular ligand-receptor contacts at the predicted binding sites agree well with deductions from available mutagenesis experiments, and the calculated relative binding energies correlate with measured binding affinities. The predicted binding site of all four antagonists is located between transmembrane (TM) helices 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, whereas the three agonists prefer a site involving residues from TM3, TM6, and TM7. We find that Trp 157(4) contributes directly to antagonist binding, whereas Pro 159(4) provides an indirect conformational switch to position Trp 157(4) in the binding site (the number in parentheses indicates the TM helix). This explains the large decrease in ligand binding affinity and signaling efficacy by mutations of Trp 157(4) and Pro 159(4) not previously explained by homology models. We also found that Asp 105(3) and aromatic residues Tyr 381(6), Tyr 404(7), and Tyr 408(7) are critical for binding the quaternary ammonium head group of the ligand through cation-pi interactions. For ligands with a charged tertiary amine head group, we suggest that proton transfer from the ligand to Asp 105(3) occurs upon binding. Furthermore, we found that an extensive aromatic network involving Tyr 106(3), Trp 157(4), Phe 197(5), Trp 378(6), and Tyr 381(6) is important in stabilizing antagonist binding. For antagonists with two terminal phenyl rings, this aromatic network extends to Trp 164(4), Tyr 179(extracellular loop 2), and Phe 390(6) located at the extracellular end of the TMs. We find that Asn 382(6) forms hydrogen bonds with selected antagonists. Tyr381(6) and Ser 109(3) form hydrogen bonds with the ester moiety of acetylcholine, which binds in the gauche conformation.
Frequency-Shifted Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves Using a Time-Modulated Active Tunable Frequency-Selective Surface (2019)

An electromagnetic (EM) wave modulation technique using actively tuned frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) to shift the frequency of EM waves reflected from the surface is presented. The reflected EM wave contains significant components at multiple sideband frequencies along with the original incident frequency. The time-modulated complex-valued reflection coefficient can be appropriately designed to highly suppress the original incident frequency component and significantly boost the sidebands. Such a time-modulated surface can help in evading Doppler radar where the object velocity is detected from the Doppler shifted frequency of received signal. The presence of multiple frequency sidebands and suppression of the original frequency component can make Doppler radar imaging very difficult or even impossible when the modulation frequencies are dynamically managed. Here, the reflected EM wave from an FSS is modulated by applying a time-varying periodic biasing voltage across varactor diodes in the FSS. Variation in the bias voltage changes the reflection coefficient of the FSS and thereby modulates the reflected EM wave. A prototype of the designed modulator surface is fabricated to verify the modulation performance experimentally. Here, two modulation schemes, sinusoidal and saw-tooth biasing, have been demonstrated to show symmetrical and asymmetrical power distributions in the sidebands.
Measuring the methylome in clinical samples: Improved processing of the Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip Array (2012)

The Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip Array (TM) (Infinium 450K) is an important tool for studying epigenetic patterns associated with disease. This array offers a high-throughput, low cost alternative to more comprehensive sequencing-based methodologies. Here we compare data generated by interrogation of the same seven clinical samples by Infinium 450K and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). This is the largest data set comparing Infinium 450K array to the comprehensive RRBS methodology reported so far. We show good agreement between the two methodologies. A read depth of four or more reads in the RRBS data was sufficient to achieve good agreement with Infinium 450K. However, we observe that intermediate methylation values (20-80%) are more variable between technologies than values at the extremes of the bimodal methylation distribution. We describe careful processing of Infinium 450K data to correct for known limitations and batch effects. Using methodologies proposed by others and newly implemented and combined in this report, agreement of Infinium 450K data with independent techniques can be vastly improved.
Effects of ATP precursors on ATP and free ADP content and functional recovery of postischemic hearts (1989)

It has been proposed that administration of adenine nucleotide precursors might accelerate replenishment of myocardial ATP and "free" ADP, thus improving recovery of depressed contractility of postischemic hearts. To test this hypothesis, Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia and reperfused for 2 h with normal perfusate (n = 8) or perfusate containing 100 mumol/l of the ATP precursors adenosine (n = 8) or 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside; n = 8). After reperfusion, developed pressure in untreated hearts averaged 70-80% of base line, whereas ATP content was reduced to approximately 70% of preischemic values. AICAriboside administration did not increase tissue ATP levels or contractility. However, in every heart that received adenosine during reperfusion, ATP content increased from a mean value of 65 +/- 4% of base line to 84 +/- 5% at the end of reperfusion (P less than 0.001). Free ADP also increased in adenosine-treated hearts from 40 to 50% of base line at the beginning of reperfusion, to normal levels by 60 min. However, no improvement in contractility was observed in the hearts that received adenosine. These results support the hypothesis that decreased availability of nucleotide precursors is responsible for depressed ATP levels in postischemic hearts; however, reduced ATP and free ADP levels may not be directly responsible for the depressed function of stunned myocardium.
[Features of anesthesia in surgery of liver cirrhosis in children]. (1997)

Central hemodynamics, aminotransferases, and alpha-fetoprotein were studied during surgery in 26 children with cirrhosis of the liver. In contrast to total intravenous anesthesia with preinjection of clofelin, in anesthesia with neuroleptanalgesia agents and N2O circulation hyperdynamia develops in the course of surgery, the process grows more active, and liver capacity to regeneration in the early postoperative period is depressed.
Targeting an antioxidant to mitochondria decreases cardiac ischemia‐reperfusion injury (2005)

Mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to a wide range of pathologies, including cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage should be an effective therapeutic strategy. However, conventional antioxidants have limited efficacy due to the difficulty of delivering them to mitochondria in situ. To overcome this problem, we developed mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, typified by MitoQ, which comprises a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation covalently attached to a ubiquinol antioxidant. Driven by the large mitochondrial membrane potential, the TPP cation concentrates MitoQ several hundred-fold within mitochondria, selectively preventing mitochondrial oxidative damage. To test whether MitoQ was active in vivo, we chose a clinically relevant form of mitochondrial oxidative damage: cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Feeding MitoQ to rats significantly decreased heart dysfunction, cell death, and mitochondrial damage after ischemia-reperfusion. This protection was due to the antioxidant activity of MitoQ within mitochondria, as an untargeted antioxidant was ineffective and accumulation of the TPP cation alone gave no protection. Therefore, targeting antioxidants to mitochondria in vivo is a promising new therapeutic strategy in the wide range of human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and Friedreich's ataxia where mitochondrial oxidative damage underlies the pathology.
The Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology: 17th annual scientific meeting, April 1992. (1992)

The Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology: 17th annual scientific meeting, April 1992.E WhalenAudio Available | Share
DNA deaminases induce break-associated mutation showers with implication of APOBEC3B and 3A in breast cancer kataegis (2013)

Breast cancer genomes have revealed a novel form of mutation showers (kataegis) in which multiple same-strand substitutions at C:G pairs spaced one to several hundred nucleotides apart are clustered over kilobase-sized regions, often associated with sites of DNA rearrangement. We show kataegis can result from AID/APOBEC-catalysed cytidine deamination in the vicinity of DNA breaks, likely through action on single-stranded DNA exposed during resection. Cancer-like kataegis can be recapitulated by expression of AID/APOBEC family deaminases in yeast where it largely depends on uracil excision, which generates an abasic site for strand breakage. Localized kataegis can also be nucleated by an I-SceI-induced break. Genome-wide patterns of APOBEC3-catalyzed deamination in yeast reveal APOBEC3B and 3A as the deaminases whose mutational signatures are most similar to those of breast cancer kataegic mutations. Together with expression and functional assays, the results implicate APOBEC3B/A in breast cancer hypermutation and give insight into the mechanism of kataegis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00534.001.
Reductive removal of gaseous nitrous oxide by activated carbon with metal oxide catalysts (2017)

N<sub>2</sub>O gas can be catalytically reduced to N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> by Cu-loaded active carbon under mild conditions.
Binding-Induced Fluorescence Turn-On Assay Using Aptamer-Functionalized Silver Nanocluster DNA Probes (2012)

We present here a binding-induced fluorescence turn-on assay for protein detection. Key features of this assay include affinity binding-induced DNA hybridization and fluorescence enhancement of silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) using guanine-rich DNA sequences. In an example of an assay for human α-thrombin, two aptamers (Apt15 and Apt29) were used and were modified by including additional sequence elements. A 12-nucleotide (nt) sequence was used to link the first aptamer with a nanocluster nucleation sequence at the 5'-end. The second aptamer was linked through a complementary sequence (12-nt) to a G-rich overhang at the 3'-end. Binding of the two aptamer probes to the target protein initiates hybridization between the complementary linker sequences attached to each aptamer and thereby bring the end of the G-rich overhang to close proximity to Ag NCs, resulting in a significant fluorescence enhancement. With this approach, a detection limit of 1 nM and a linear dynamic range of 5 nM-2 μM were achieved for human α-thrombin. This fluorescence assay is performed in a single tube, and it does not require washing or separation steps. The principle of the binding-induced DNA hybridization and fluorescence enhancement of Ag NCs can be extended to other homogeneous assay applications provided that two appropriate probes are available to bind with the same target molecule.
Carnitine as an Ergogenic Aid in Health and Disease (1998)

Athletes are particularly vulnerable to the lure of improved performance via supplementation. Various nutritional strategies have been employed in an effort to improve endurance and some, like carb...
In situ laser ablation ICP‐MS analyses of dimict diogenites: Further evidence for harzburgitic and orthopyroxenitic lithologies (2013)

Abstract Trace element concentrations in pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine were measured in five diogenite breccias previously identified as containing distinct harzburgitic (ol+opx) and orthopyroxenitic (opx) lithologies (dimict). Three samples show two distinct populations of pyroxene trace element abundances, supporting their classification as dimict. These three meteorites show increases in Y, Yb, and HREE concentrations from harzburgitic to orthopyroxenitic pyroxenes, supporting the hypothesis that the lithologies are related through fractional crystallization whereby harzburgite olivine and pyroxene crystallized from the magma first followed by orthopyroxenite pyroxene. Depletions in LREE and Eu concentrations in the orthopyroxenitic lithology are most likely due to equilibration with LREE and Eu‐rich phases, likely plagioclase, which is found primarily in that lithology. Two samples do not show evidence supporting a dimict classification. Large pyroxene trace element variation in one sample indicates that it is polymict, while uniform trace element distribution in the other suggests that it may be a monomict breccia.
Animal Models of Amyloid/PS-1 Pathology (2011)

Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are major pathological proteinaceous anomalies that occur in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Motivated by the amyloid hypothesis, animal models exhibiting Aβ deposition have been produced by crossbreeding mice overexpressing human mutant amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) with mice overexpressing mutant PS-1, the latter of which accelerates Aβ deposition in the brain. Most mouse models exhibiting Aβ deposition show memory deficits associated with synaptic plasticity impairments and synapse loss. In this chapter, I introduce the most commonly used amyloid/PS-1 transgenic mouse models that exhibit Aβ deposition and discuss some limitations of using these animal models to understand the devastating condition of AD.
Lateral hermaphroditism and seminoma in a dog (1986)

A 3.6-year-old female Collie was found to have a functionally active ovary and an azospermic testis containing several seminomas. The bitch had had 3 irregular estrous cycles. An ovariohysterectomy was performed, and the histopathologic diagnosis was lateral hermaphroditism and seminoma. Canine intersexes generally have been thought not to have estrous cycles. However, as evidenced in this case, estrous activity can occur. From this report, it is suggested that bitches having irregular estrous cycles should be evaluated for intersexuality.