gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a simplified procedure for thrust chamber life prediction (1981)

An analytical design procedure for predicting thrust chamber life considering cyclically induced thinning and bulging of the hot gas wall is developed. The hot gas wall, composed of ligaments connecting adjacent cooling channel ribs and separating the coolant flow from the combustion gas, is subjected to pressure loading and severe thermal cycling. Thermal transients during start up and shut down cause plastic straining through the ligaments. The primary bending stress superimposed on the alternate in-plane cyclic straining causes incremental bulging of the ligaments during each firing cycle. This basic mechanism of plastic ratcheting is analyzed and a method developed for determining ligament deformation and strain. The method uses a yield surface for combined bending and membrane loading to determine the incremental permanent deflection and pregressive thinning near the center of the ligaments which cause the geometry of the ligaments to change as the incremental strains accumulate. Fatigue and tensile instability are affected by these local geometry changes. Both are analyzed and a failure criterion developed.
Optical loss suppression in long-wavelength semiconductor lasers at elevated temperatures by high doping of the n-waveguide (2018)

We show that strong n-doping of the n-waveguide layer substantially decreases the thermal carrier leakage from the active layer and the associated optical losses in III-V semiconductor lasers. The effect is particularly pronounced in devices operating at the wavelength region where the free hole absorption cross-section is much greater than that of free electrons. This is predicted to decrease the threshold current and improve the output efficiency of the lasers. An example of a bulk InGaAsP/InP pulsed lasers is used to demonstrate that lasers with highly doped n-InGaAsP side of the waveguide can retain high output powers at ambient temperatures substantially above room temperature.
The Structure of the Interleukin-15α Receptor and Its Implications for Ligand Binding (2005)

Interleukin (IL)-15 is a member of the small four alpha-helix bundle family of cytokines. IL-15 was discovered by its ability to mimic IL-2-mediated T-cell proliferation. Both cytokines share the beta and gamma receptor chains of the IL-2 receptor for signal transduction. However, in addition, they target specific alpha chain receptors IL-15Ralpha and IL-2Ralpha, respectively. The exceptionally high affinity binding of IL-15 to IL-15Ralpha is mediated by its sushi domain. Here we present the solution structure of the IL-15Ralpha sushi domain solved by NMR spectroscopy and a model of its complex with IL-15. The model shows that, rather than the familiar hydrophobic forces dominating the interaction interface between cytokines and their cognate receptors, the interaction between the IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha complex involves a large network of ionic interactions. This type of interaction explains the exceptionally high affinity of the IL-15.IL-15Ralpha complex, which is essential for the biological effects of this important cytokine and which is not observed in other cytokine/cytokine receptor complexes.
Nucleoside transport inhibition for cardioprotection: New perspectives for the clinic (1993)

Abstract In this review the role of adenosine, produced in the myocardium in response to ischemia, as a “natural defense” system is briefly summarized. In contrast with exogenous adenosine or adenosine agonists, interference with adenosine metabolism will restrict the action of endogenous adenosine to when and where it is produced (site and event specificity). In this respect, Nucleoside transport inhibition seems to be the preferred strategy because of a dual effect, namely, attenuation of catabolism during ischemia and delay of the washout upon reperfusion. In a variety of experimental studies in animals, nucleoside transport inhibition has been documented to afford marked cardioprotection. Failure in humans thus far may be due to the shortcomings of the few existing drugs. The development of draflazine, a new transport inhibitor with a more appropriate pharmacokinetic profile may open new perspectives for therapy based on this concept. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On-orbit Geometric Calibration Method Based on Star Observation to Correct Thermal Deformation of GEO Optical Satellite (2023)

Abstract The thermal environment in geostationary orbit is much complicated than low orbit. Thermal deformation is a primary factor to deteriorate geometric quality of remote sensing image of geostationary optical satellite. The on orbit geometric quality testing results of the SDLT-1 satellite of China show that the light of sight (LOS) deviation in longitude and latitude are 26 pixels and 14 pixels respectively which are out of the accuracy requirement of the satellite. Therefore a novel on-orbit geometric calibration method based on star observation is proposed to correct thermal deformation of geostationary optical satellite. The images embodied stars are employed as experiment sources to evaluate the proposed method which are compared with traditional method based on landmarks. The results show that the geometric accuracy of the proposed method can achieve 3.2 pixels which are better than traditional calibration method based on landmarks.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Intermediates for Drug Development (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel imaging technique based on the spatial coherence of backscattered waves: demonstration in the presence of acoustical clutter (2011)

In the last 20 years, the number of suboptimal and inadequate ultrasound exams has increased. This trend has been linked to the increasing population of overweight and obese individuals. The primary causes of image degradation in these individuals are often attributed to phase aberration and clutter. Phase aberration degrades image quality by distorting the transmitted and received pressure waves, while clutter degrades image quality by introducing incoherent acoustical interference into the received pressure wavefront. Although significant research efforts have pursued the correction of image degradation due to phase aberration, few efforts have characterized or corrected image degradation due to clutter. We have developed a novel imaging technique that is capable of differentiating ultrasonic signals corrupted by acoustical interference. The technique, named short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging, is based on the spatial coherence of the received ultrasonic wavefront at small spatial distances across the transducer aperture. We demonstrate comparative B-mode and SLSC images using full-wave simulations that include the effects of clutter and show that SLSC imaging generates contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) that are significantly better than B-mode imaging under noise-free conditions. In the presence of noise, SLSC imaging significantly outperforms conventional B-mode imaging in all image quality metrics. We demonstrate the use of SLSC imaging in vivo and compare B-mode and SLSC images of human thyroid and liver.
Genetic correlations between COVID-19 and a variety of traits and diseases (2020)

Abstract We analyzed GWAS results released by COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, UK biobank and GWAS Catalog to explore the genetic overlap between COVID-19 and a broad spectrum of traits and diseases. We validate previously reported medical conditions and risk factors based on epidemiological studies, including but not limited to hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity. We also report novel traits associated with COVID-19, which have not been previously reported from epidemiological data, such as opioid use and educational attainment. Taken together, this study extends our understanding of the genetic basis of COVID-19, and provides target traits for further epidemiological studies.
Effect of Argon or Helium on the CO2 Conversion in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (2015)

This paper demonstrates that the CO 2 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge rises drastically upon addition of Ar or He, and the effect is more pronounced for Ar than for He. The effective CO 2 conversion, on the other hand, drops upon addition of Ar or He, which is logical due to the lower CO 2 content in the gas mixture, and the same is true for the energy efficiency, because a considerable fraction of the energy is then consumed into ionization/excitation of Ar or He atoms. The higher absolute CO 2 conversion upon addition of Ar or He can be explained by studying in detail the Lissajous plots and the current profiles. The breakdown voltage is lower in the CO 2 /Ar and CO 2 /He mixtures, and the discharge gap is more filled with plasma, which enhances the possibility for CO 2 conversion. The rates of electron impact excitation–dissociation of CO 2 , estimated from the electron densities and mean electron energies, are indeed higher in the CO 2 /Ar and (to a lower extent) in the CO 2 /He mixtures, compared to the pure CO 2 plasma. Moreover, charge transfer between Ar + or Ar 2 + ions and CO 2 , followed by electron‐ion dissociative recombination of the CO 2 + ions, might also contribute to, or even be dominant for the CO 2 dissociation. All these effects can explain the higher CO 2 conversion, especially upon addition of Ar, but also upon addition of He.
Pilot production of thin-film crystalline silicon on glass modules (2003)

Photovoltaic modules using crystalline silicon on glass technology combine the low manufacturing cost of thin films with the established strengths of crystalline silicon. The development of this technology has progressed steadily at Pacific Solar, such that it is already approaching readiness for large-scale manufacturing. The efficiency of the pilot-line modules is now comparable with other thin-film photovoltaic technologies and, importantly, these modules have demonstrated remarkably high yield and stability, properties essential for low-cost manufacturing and market acceptance. This paper presents the results of four years of pilot production of crystalline silicon on glass modules at Pacific Solar, including the first public presentation of data on efficiency, yield, outdoor exposure testing, and manufacturing cost.
Unraveling wall conditioning effects on plasma facing components in NSTX-U with the Materials Analysis Particle Probe (MAPP) (2016)

A novel Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) diagnostic, the Materials Analysis Particle Probe (MAPP), has been recently commissioned in the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U). MAPP is currently monitoring the chemical evolution of the PFCs in the NSTX-U lower divertor at 107 cm from the tokamak axis on a day-to-day basis. In this work, we summarize the methodology that was adopted to obtain qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the samples chemistry. Using this methodology, we were able to describe all the features in all our spectra to within a standard deviation of ±0.22 eV in position and ±248 s<sup>-1</sup> eV in area. Additionally, we provide an example of this methodology with data of boronized ATJ graphite exposed to NSTX-U plasmas.
A wide aspect ratio television system with full NTSC compatibility (1988)

A description is given of a system that uses quadrature modulation of the video carrier with inverse Nyquist filter and transmits side panels, keeping full NTSC compatibility without using additional channel resources. Two techniques are disclosed for realizing side panel transmission on the quadrature channel, and one of them is implemented in an experimental system. The experimental results show smoothness of the moving images and continuity between center and side panels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic-Field Dependence of theYbRh2Si2Fermi Surface (2008)

Magnetic-field-induced changes of the Fermi surface play a central role in theories of the exotic quantum criticality of YbRh2Si2. We have carried out de Haas-van Alphen measurements in the magnetic-field range 8 T < or = H < or = 16 T, and directly observe field dependence of the extremal Fermi surface areas. Our data support the theory that a low-field "large" Fermi surface, including the Yb 4f quasihole, is increasingly spin split until a majority-spin branch undergoes a Lifshitz transition and disappears at H0 approximately 10 T, without requiring 4f localization at H0.
Phase I Study of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Actinomycin D in Pediatric Patients with Cancer (1994)

In preclinical studies, synergy was observed between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and agents that interact with DNA topoisomerase II, such as actinomycin D (Act D). Based upon this, a Phase I study was conducted in pediatric patients utilizing an escalating dose of recombinant TNF (rTNF) in combination with a fixed dose of Act D. Act D (15 micrograms/kg/day) was administered daily by intravenous push immediately followed by intravenous rTNF daily for 5 consecutive days. Thirty-three patients with refractory malignancies were entered in the study, of whom 28 patients could be evaluated for toxicity. Malignancies included sarcomas (16), Wilms' tumor (6), leukemias (3), and others (3). The starting dose for rTNF was 40 micrograms/m2/day x 5 and was escalated in subsequent patient groups until nonhematopoietic, dose-limiting toxicity occurred. At 240 micrograms/m2/day of rTNF, three of six patients experienced grade 4 toxicity consisting of hypotension, hemorrhagic gastritis, and renal and liver biochemical abnormalities. Evidence of antitumor response was observed in two patients: one with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma and one with Wilms' tumor. We conclude that the maximum tolerated dose of rTNF when combined with Act D is between 200 and 220 micrograms/m2/day x 5 for pediatric patients.
Millimeter Wave Photonic Tightly Coupled Array (2021)

We present a tightly coupled array antenna excited by high-power photodiodes for millimeter wave transmit operation. The design includes thinned photodiode substrates for improved bandwidth performance at high frequency combined with the inherently lightweight, low-loss, and direct feeding architecture afforded by the photonic approach. Circuit and full wave simulations are conducted for array design and compared against the traditional electronic arrays in the literature. A prototype 1 × 3 photonic array is developed and characterized to validate the design which achieves a 3 dB (VSWR <; 1.4) radiated power bandwidth of 4.6:1 across 13-60 GHz and maintains a 3 dB bandwidth near 4:1 across scan angles up to 30°. The fabricated array exhibits a 3 dB radiated power bandwidth of 1.8:1 across 30-55 GHz and a maximum measured effective isotropic radiated power of 19.4 dBm at 40 GHz.
Population Viability Analysis (2001)

Abstract Population viability analysis is the application and study of extinction effects in ecological population modeling. Population viability analysis has important applications for studying the global and local extinction of populations. It attempts to identify threats to populations and then evaluate the probability that the population will persist to some future time.
Dielectric Resonator Oscillators (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Dielectric Resonators Dielectric Resonator Material Properties Quality Factor Lumped Element Coupling Models Measurement Of DR Coupling Coefficient Dielectric Resonator Coupled to a Microstrip Line Dielectric Resonator Tuning Oscillator Basic Theory Oscillator Phase Noise Design Example—10.8 GHz DRO DRO CAD Techniques
Artificial Intelligence in Oncological Hybrid Imaging (2022)

· Feuerecker B, Heimer M, Geyer T et al. Artificial Intelligence in Oncological Hybrid Imaging. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 105 - 114.
A METHOD OF ESTIMATING CTOD (CRACK TIP OPENING DISPLACEMENT) FOR A SURFACE CRACK THROUGH MEASUREMENT OF THE CRACK OPENING BEHAVIOUR (1988)

The conversion method for CTOD from measured clip gauge displacement for a through thickness centre-cracked specimen and a three-point bend CTOD specimen has already been established for the purpose of obtaining the fracture toughness of the material. However, the method for a semielliptical surface flaw has not yet been established because of the difficulties of considering the three-dimensional effect for the COD (Crack Opening Displacement). In this paper the authors assumed that COD for a surface flaw on the cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the plate surface, which is the plane with a single edge crack, can be approximately given by the superposition of CODs for the single edge cracked plane under bending loading and for the centre cracked plane under tensile loading, of which the centre line corresponds to the plate surface. The bending and the tensile load are determined by the measured mouth COD and crack angle at the surface of the cracked body with a surface flaw. Tensile and bending tests were carried out for specimens with variously-sized semi-elliptical surface notches. Mouth COD and crack angle were measured by using the double clip gauge method and, simultaneously, the COD inside the surface notch was measured using the silicon gum casting method. As a result, the conversion method for CTOD at the deepest point of a surface flaw is derived from the measured mouth COD and the crack angle at the surface which have been obtained by the double clip method. The results of wide plate tests with a semi-elliptical surface fatigue crack on a multipass welded joint, of which the crack tip is located at the local brittle zone within the heat-affected zone, was also analysed. it was found that the critical CTOD for a surface crack of which the tip is located within the local brittle zone corresponds to the lowest critical CTOD obtained from the three-point bend standard CTOD tests of the joint with a through thickness fatigue pre-crack.
A Gross Comparative Anatomical Study of Hearts in Human Cadavers and Pigs (2013)

The inadequate availability of human donor hearts and other organs has inspired interest in field of xenotransplantation. The prospect of transgenic pig providing compatible organs for human xenotransplantation is becoming more likely. We aim to compare cardiac anatomy of pig hearts with human cadaveric hearts. A comparative analysis of pig and human cardiac anatomy was made by gross examination and dissection of hearts. The mean value of various parameters along with standard deviation was calculated.and T-test was applied and p-value was calculated. The average weight of human heart was 266.5g whereas the average weight of pig heart was 302.8g. An average adult human heart was about 9.8cm (9.2cm-12cm) from base to apex, 8.6 cm (7.4cm-10.8cm) in its broadest transverse diameter and 7.1 cm (5cm-8.4cm) anteroposteriorly. An average pig heart was about 10.2 cm (8.5cm-11cm) from base to apex, 8.9 cm (6.5cm-11cm) in its broadest transverse diameter and 6.6 cm (5cm- 8cm) anteroposteriorly. The human heart was trapezoidal in shape. The pig heart, in contrast, was a broad cone shaped organ. In humans, the left atrium received the four pulmonary veins whereas in pig it received two pulmonary veins. In right atrium of man, orifices of superior and inferior caval veins were in a direct line whereas in pig veins opened at right angles to each other.&lt;p&gt;The present study suggests that the morphology of human and porcine heart is almost similar with significant anatomical differences between porcine and human hearts that might effect the success of the cardiac xenograft within the human recipient.&lt;/p&gt;
Thiophene systems. 2. Synthesis and chemistry of some 4-alkoxy-3-substituted thiophene derivatives (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiophene systems. 2. Synthesis and chemistry of some 4-alkoxy-3-substituted thiophene derivativesJeffery B. Press, Corris M. Hofmann, and Sidney R. SafirCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 19, 3292–3296Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01333a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01333a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding and applying the extrapolation properties of serial gray‐box models (1998)

Abstract There is a need for efficient modeling strategies that quickly lead to reliable models. In the serial gray‐box modeling strategy the inaccurately known terms in the macroscopic balance are modeled with a black‐box model structure such as a neural network. This way one efficiently obtains an accurate model with good extrapolation properties without the need to develop a rigorous white‐box model in which much more knowledge would be involved and without the need to do many identification experiments. Different types of extrapolation are specified and analyzed and they are related to the different parts of the serial gray‐box model structure. The strategy is demonstrated for modeling pH effects on the enzymatic conversion of penicillin G using real‐life data. The resulting serial gray‐box model is compared with a model from a more knowledge‐driven white‐box strategy and with a model from a more data‐driven black‐box strategy. The serial gray‐box modeling strategy is especially advantageous at the medium level of process operation, which is mainly concerned with the calculation of optimal condition for (bio)chemical processes.