gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure to Detect the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CasR) in Human Osteoblast Cell Lines (1999)

Whether the known calcium-sensing receptor (CasR) is present in osteoblasts is a source of considerable controversy. Prior studies failed to detect CasR in osteoblasts, but more recent investigations purport the detection of CasR in several osteoblast cell lines by immunoblot analysis with polyclonal anti-CasR antisera (4637) and low stringency reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To explain these disparate findings, we performed immunoblot analysis with the 4637 anti-CasR antisera and a highly specific monoclonal antibody to CasR (ADD), and we compared the ability of low and high stringency RT-PCR to amplify CasR transcripts. We found that the ADD antibody detected the anticipated CasR immunoreactive bands, including a approximately 165 kDa and approximately 140 kDa glycosylated doublet and a >250 kDa dimerized receptor, in positive control mouse kidney, human parathyroid, and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells transfected with rat CasR, but we did not detect these bands in either wild-type HEK 293 cells or Saos2, MG-63, or U-2 OS osteoblast-like cell lines. Standard two-step RT-PCR using CasR-specific primers confirmed these results by detecting CasR transcripts in positive controls but not in negative control HEK 293 cells or osteoblast cell lines. In contrast, the 4637 antisera did not recognize CasR by immunoblot analysis under the conditions studied and our low stringency RT-PCR procedure amplified nonspecific products in wild-type HEK 293 cells and osteoblasts. Since we failed to detect CasR in human osteoblast cell lines using either the highly specific ADD antibody or RT-PCR under standard conditions, it is possible that the cation response in osteoblasts is mediated by a functionally similar but molecularly distinct calcium sensing receptor.
A Diffie-Hellman based privacy protocol for Car-to-X communication (2011)

For Car-to-X (C2X) communication, group signature based protocols can provide privacy and authentication for vehicles that are members of the respective group. Current group approaches all rely on a centralized group key generation and distribution. We propose a novel decentralized approach based on n-party Diffie-Hellman key establishment. The proposed protocol implies a low latency for key establishment and a high robustness towards possible failures of single nodes. Simulations have been carried out to evaluate privacy enhancements of the proposed protocol in presence of a global passive adversary.
Editing of Kv1.1 RNA Transcripts is Altered by Human Mutations Respons‐ible for Episodic Ataxia Type‐1 (2016)

Transcripts encoding the Kv1.1‐subtype of voltage‐gated potassium channel un‐der‐go an adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) RNA editing event resulting in the con‐ver‐sion of a genomically‐encoded isoleucine (AUU) to a valine codon (IUU) at amino acid position 400 (I400V). Previous studies have shown that this single amino acid change alters the recovery rate following channel inactivation and has been pro‐posed to mod‐u‐late the kinetics of neuronal repolarization due to its location within the predicted ion pore of the channel. Numerous nonsense and mis‐sense muta‐tions in the Kv1.1 gene ( kcna1 ) have been associated with the hu‐man po‐tas‐sium channelopathy, Episodic Ataxia type‐1 (EA1), which is char‐ac‐ter‐ized by epi‐sodes of stress‐induced ataxia and myokymia, and can be associated with epi‐leptic seizures. Three human EA1 mu‐ta‐tions (V404I, I407M, and V408A) are within close prox‐imity to the I400V editing site, and are contained within the RNA duplex structure required for A‐to‐I con‐ver‐sion. We have employed both in vitro and in vivo systems to determine the impact that these EA1 mutations might have on Kv1.1 RNA editing, as well as determined the electro‐phys‐iological changes in chan‐nel function derived from tran‐scripts containing EA1 mutations with either an edited or non‐edited status. In vitro tran‐scribed RNA substrates containing EA1 mutations were incubated with nuclear extracts isolated from cells overexpres‐sing the ADAR2 editing enzyme. Each of the EA1 mu‐ta‐tions dif‐fer‐en‐tial‐ly de‐creased A‐to‐I conversion of Kv1.1 RNAs in relation to their over‐all prox‐im‐ity to the editing site. Furthermore, a mouse model of EA1, encoding the human V408A mutation at the endogenous kcna1 locus, also re‐vealed a significant decrease in Kv1.1 editing in all tissues examined. Analysis of EA1 mutant chan‐nels using a Xenopus oocyte expression system, in a non‐edited (I400) or edited (V400) background, revealed significant changes in the elec‐‐tro‐physiological char‐ac‐teristics of the channel. These observations suggest that altered Kv1.1 function in EA1 could result from both the missense mutation and alterations in editing ef‐fici‐ency. These results also are con‐sis‐tent with a gen‐et‐ically‐modified mouse mod‐el of Kv1.1 editing, where mice sole‐ly expressing the non‐edited Kv1.1 iso‐form exhibit stress‐in‐duced ataxia and an increase in induced‐sei‐zure suscepti‐bil‐i‐ty. Support or Funding Information Joel G. Hardman Chair in Pharmacology (RBE)Multidisciplinary Training in Molecular Endocrinology (METP) NIH/NIDDK – T32 DK007563 (EFK)Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award NINDS F31 NS087911 (EFK)
Use of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for the Measurements of Small Quantities of Mineral (1997)

The aim of the study was to assess the precision and the accuracy of whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of low quantities of mineral. Six stillborn infants were measured three times in order to assess the precision in vivo. Powdered bone tablets were also measured three times separately or in compact groups (0.32-41.7 g of hydroxyapatite) by whole-body DXA. Mean correlation coefficients were 6.85 +/- 5.99 and 6.74 +/- 6.58% in vivo and in vitro, respectively. DXA-based estimates of the tablets were highly correlated with the actual bone mineral content (BMC; r = 0.99, p = 0.0001). The mean difference between DXA values and the reference values was 2.55 +/- 10.93%, but the agreement between DXA results and reference values rose to 3.99 +/- 3.49% for BMC above 10 g. Very small amounts of mineral can be measured by whole-body DXA, but assessment of an infant with a BMC less than 10 g should be made with care.
Header detection for massive IoT wireless networks over Rayleigh fading channels (2017)

In this paper, we propose header detection technique for massive internet of things (IoT) networks over Rayleigh fading channels. We consider coded random access (CRA) as a multiple access scheme for IoT to keep low computational complexity of detection, where header detection is of significant important. We perform header detection by computing cross correlation using Hadamard codes. Hadamard codes are chosen because of its simplicity to be generated, where the value of the matrix component is only ±1. To avoid data rate loss due to bits allocation to header, the length of the header should be kept small. We use Hadamard codes with size of 128×128 as a header for packets suffering from Rayleigh fading channels. We also use capture effect algorithm to improve detection performances when multiple IoT devices are transmitting at the same time-slot. Although the algorithms is simple, we found that header detection using Hadamard codes for massive IoT connections over Rayleigh fading channels is still providing high accuracy, which is suitable for future massive IoT wireless networks.
On the Mechanism for Improved Passivation by Addition of Molybdenum to Austenitic Stainless Steels in O-Phosphoric Acid (1988)

In order to clarify the mechanism for increased corrosion resistance in O-phosphoric acid solutions by addition of molybdenum to 17Cr-13Ni stainless steel (SS), anodic curves polarization and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) have been performed on the Mo-containing steels passivated in 40 wt% H3PO4 with chloride and fluoride ions as impurities. The addition of Mo to austenitic SS affects the nature and composition of the passive film. The studies by ESCA have shown that the passive film is formed in an overlap of two layers. The external layer contains phosphates and is rich in Mo(VI) and Si(IV). The improved resistance of SSs alloyed with Mo caused by that layer probably composed of silico-molybdic-hydrate complex, particularly stable in acidic pH. The similarity of results obtained between Mo-alloyed steels and steels without Mo, but passivated in MoO4(2−) solutions, suggest that the protective layer is formed by soluble Mo compounds.
Analysis of steepened magnetosonic waves using wavelet transforms and neural networks (1995)

In this study, wavelet transforms and neural networks are used to analyze the formation and evolution of steepened magnetosonic waves (shocklets) generated in hybrid (fluid electrons, particle ions) simulations. These waves model the shocklets observed upstream of planetary bow shocks and at comets. Specifically, the usefulness of wavelet transforms and neural networks for understanding the nature of the steepening process, and the further evolution of shocklets into less coherent structures is investigated. Previous studies had suggested that the nonlinear steepening process is associated with the excitation of higher frequency waves within the original wave. This hypothesis, however, could not be directly substantiated using Fourier transforms. In order to continue with the analysis of shocklets, it has become necessary to implement new techniques using wavelet transforms and neural networks. Wavelet transforms are tailored to the analysis of localized structures such as shocklets, while neural networks have the ability to model nonlinear dynamical systems. Application of wavelet transforms has verified the presence of higher frequency waves within the steepening shocklet and has identified them as the forward propagating and the backward propagating magnetosonic waves as well as the backward propagating Alfvén ion‐cyclotron mode. The wavelet transform has also located the source of the whistler wave packet attached to the shocklet to be the region of steep magnetic field gradient. In order to understand the further evolution of shocklets, neural networks have been applied in the analysis. Used in conjunction with a translation invariant transform, neural networks have been successfully trained to identify shocklets. This allows for the scanning of large data sets as well as the development of a classification system for shocklets. A multinetwork classification system using various techniques, including wavelet preprocessing, has been developed to analyze the further evolution of shocklets and their components. Identification and classification of neural networks have increased our understanding of shocklet evolution. The techniques involving wavelet transforms and neural networks that have been employed in this study show considerable potential for the study of not only shocklets, but also other wave phenomena in space plasmas.
Fully automated interference lithography (2002)

Interferometric Lithography has long been considered a viable means to achieve sub-micron resolution lithography over large areas without the use of traditional photomasks. However, traditional IL configurations set up in laboratories on optical isolation tables requires sophisticated optical designs and are greatly limited in both throughput and yield due to these complexities and manual configurations. The Microphotonics Group at OSC has introduced a series of fully automated interference lithography based tool systems that can achieve resolution down to 190 nm period and address a multitude of applications requiring sub-micron resolution in a high- throughput, stabile, manufacturing environment.
Antihyperalgesic activity of a novel nonpeptide bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist in transgenic mice expressing the human B1 receptor (2005)

We describe the properties of a novel nonpeptide kinin B1 receptor antagonist, NVP-SAA164, and demonstrate its in vivo activity in models of inflammatory pain in transgenic mice expressing the human B1 receptor. NVP-SAA164 showed high affinity for the human B1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells (K(i) 8 nM), and inhibited increases in intracellular calcium induced by desArg10kallidin (desArg10KD) (IC50 33 nM). While a similar high affinity was observed in monkey fibroblasts (K(i) 7.7 nM), NVP-SAA164 showed no affinity for the rat B1 receptor expressed in Cos-7 cells. In transgenic mice in which the native B1 receptor was deleted and the gene encoding the human B1 receptor was inserted (hB1 knockin, hB1-KI), hB1 receptor mRNA was induced in tissues following LPS treatment. No mRNA encoding the mouse or human B1 receptor was detected in mouse B1 receptor knockout (mB1-KO) mice following LPS treatment. Freund's complete adjuvant-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was similar in wild-type and hB(1)-KI mice, but was significantly reduced in mB1-KO animals. Mechanical hyperalgesia induced by injection of the B1 agonist desArg10KD into the contralateral paw 24 h following FCA injection was similar in wild-type and hB1-KI mice, but was absent in mB1-KO animals. Oral administration of NVP-SAA164 produced a dose-related reversal of FCA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and desArg10KD-induced hyperalgesia in hB1-KI mice, but was inactive against inflammatory pain in wild-type mice. These data demonstrate the use of transgenic technology to investigate the in vivo efficacy of species selective agents and show that NVP-SAA164 is a novel orally active B1 receptor antagonist, providing further support for the utility of B1 receptor antagonists in inflammatory pain conditions in man.
Centrifuge Facility for the International Space Station Alpha (1994)

The Centrifuge Facility planned for the International Space Station Alpha has under-one considerable redesign over the past year, primarily because the Station is now viewed as a 10 year mission rather than a 30 year mission and because of the need to simply the design to meet budget constraints and a 2000 launch date. The basic elements of the Centrifuge Facility remain the same, i.e., a 2.5 m diameter centrifuge, a micro-g holding unit, plant and animal habitats, a glovebox and a service unit. The centrifuge will still provide the full range of artificial gravity from 0.01 a to 2 - as originally planned; however, the extractor to permit withdrawal of habitats from the centrifuge without stopping the centrifuge has been eliminated. The specimen habitats have also been simplified and are derived from other NASA programs. The Plant Research Unit being developed by the Gravitational Biology Facility will be used to house plants in the Centrifuge Facility. Although not as ambitious as the Centrifuge Facility plant habitat, it will provide much better environmental control and lighting than the current Shuttle based Plant Growth Facility. Similarly, rodents will be housed in the Advanced Animal Habitat being developed for the Shuttle program. The Centrifuge Facility and ISSA will provide the opportunity to perform repeatable, high quality science. The long duration increments available on the Station will permit multigeneration studies on both plants and animals which have not previously been possible. The Centrifuge Facility will accommodate sufficient number of specimens to permit statistically significant sampling of specimens to investigate the time course of adaptation to altered gravity environments. The centrifuge will for the first time permit investigators to use gravity itself as a tool to investigate fundamental processes, to investigate the intensity and duration of gravity to maintain normal structure and function, to separate the effects of micro-g from other 0 environmental factors and to examine artificial gravity as a potential countermeasure for the physical deconditioning observed during spaceflight.
Identification of the Y985 and Y1077 motifs as SOCS3 recruitment sites in the murine leptin receptor (2000)

The leptin system provides a link between adipose mass and the central nervous system. The appetite suppressing effects of leptin are impaired in most obese patients and some mutant mice strains. Herein we describe how suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), a potential mediator of this leptin resistance is recruited into the activated murine leptin receptor complex. Using a functional assay based on inhibition of leptin mediated reporter induction, and using phosphopeptide affinity chromatography we show binding of SOCS3 to the highly conserved phosphorylated Tyr-985 and Tyr-1077 motifs within the mouse leptin receptor.
Khite: a non‐Western technique for temporary hair removal (1997)

Dermatologists in all parts of the world should be familiar with khite, because the ease of international travel may bring patients to their attention who have khite-association complications such as erythema, folliculitis, and secondary pigmentary changes.
Detection ofBRCA1 andBRCA2 mutations in breast cancer families by a comprehensive two-stage screening procedure (2000)

We have developed a 2-stage protocol for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation screening from blood spot paper. Stage 1 screening was aimed to analyze patients at highest risk for the most common disease-associated sequence variants listed in the BIC database. Accordingly, stage1 testing implied detection of 18 disease- associated BRCA1 and 9 BRCA2 mutations by adapting the 5' nuclease assay to heterozygote screening. For stage 2 screening, we applied the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method by adapting this technique to automated heteroduplex analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 using fragment scanning on an ABI 377 sequencing device. Of the 120 patients with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer who took part in this study so far, 45 entered stage 1 testing. Disease-associated mutations were detected in 6 patients by stage 1 testing (13%). For these patients, the final result was available within 10 days. Mutation 300T-->G was found in 2 patients. One patient with mutation 3036delACAA in BRCA2 reported only 1 sister with a multifocal bilateral breast cancer. New disease-associated mutations were detected in 2 of the 114 patients who entered the stage 2 test (1.7%). Of particular interest was 1 patient who was diagnosed with a medullary breast carcinoma at age 39 and who had no family history of breast cancer. We conclude that pre-screening by 5' nuclease assay for the mutations most frequently seen in a given population represents a relatively effective first line of analysis. Subsequent detailed analysis by fluorescence conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and fragment sequencing is a sensitive alternative to full nucleotide sequencing.
The Role of PBR/TSPO in Steroid Biosynthesis Challenged (2013)

The events that regulate the rapid synthesis of steroid hormones in response to trophic hormone stimulation of the steroidogenic cells have been the ongoing subject of intense interest for several decades. Much of the early work performed in this area determined that the acute regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis required the rapid, de novo synthesis of a protein(s) whose function appeared to be involved in mediating the delivery of cholesterol, the substrate for all steroid hormones, from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The existence of a protein that was necessary for intramitochondrial transfer of cholesterol was first postulated by James Ferguson in 1963 (1). This transfer is an absolute requirement for steroid biosynthesis, because the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme system that converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first steroid synthesized, resides on the inner side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. As such, the hydrophobic cholesterol substrate is unable to traverse the aqueous intermembrane space and reach the inner mitochondrial membrane through diffusion. The next 3 decades saw a focused interest in determining the identity of this putative regulator protein (2–13). These studies gave rise to a list of the characteristics that the putative protein regulator appeared to possess, including those described above. Later work introduced other putative regulator proteins, the sterol carrier protein 2 (14), the steroidogenesis activator polypeptide (15, 16), the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) (17), and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) (18). Although space limitations do not allow for a critical evaluation of the characteristics of each of the candidates that have been put forth as the putative regulator protein over the years, these candidates have been described in an earlier review (19).
3β-Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria of rat adrenal homogenates (1971)

The activity of 3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51) in the mitochondrial fraction of rat adrenal homogenates was approx. 31% of the total activity recovered after differential centrifugation and washing of the particulate fractions. Some 45% of the total activity was found in the microsomal fraction. The activity was assayed by a radioisotopic method devised in this laboratory for the purpose of studying small quantities of tissue and cell fractions. Satisfactory separation of the two fractions was demonstrated by electron microscopy of the pellets and by comparative recoveries of RNA, steroid 21-hydroxylase and cytochrome c oxidase in the various compartments. Analyses of the kinetics of the enzyme activity in the two fractions revealed no significant differences in apparent K(m) for pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone or NAD(+), but demonstrated a distinct difference in the K(m) for NADP(+). pH optima and susceptibility to cyanoketone inhibition were similar in both fractions.
Automatic verification of RT-level microprocessor cores using behavioral specifications: a case study (2004)

International audience
Identification and Analysis of Natural Killer Cells in Murine Nasal Passages (2015)

The NK cells of the murine nasal passage belong to the conventional NK cell linage and characteristically demonstrate an immature and activated phenotype. Despite their hyporesponsiveness in vitro, nasal NK cells play important roles in the host defense against nasal influenza virus infection.
Directed Evolution of a Protein Container (2011)

Confinement of enzymes in protein nanocompartments represents a potentially powerful strategy for controlling catalytic activity in cells. By using a simple electrostatically based tagging system for protein encapsulation, we successfully sequestered HIV protease, a toxic enzyme when produced cytoplasmically, within an engineered lumazine synthase capsid. The growth advantage resulting from protecting the Escherichia coli host from the protease enabled directed evolution of improved capsids. After four rounds of mutagenesis and selection, we obtained a variant with a 5- to 10-fold higher loading capacity than the starting capsid, which permitted efficient growth even at high intracellular concentrations of HIV protease. The superior properties of the evolved capsid can be ascribed to multiple mutations that increase the net negative charge on its luminal surface and thereby enhance engineered Coulombic interactions between host and guest. Such structures could be used for diverse biotechnological applications in living cells.