gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission Line based FIR Structures for High Speed Adaptive Equalization (2006)

Variants of conventional transmission line based transversal and traveling wave FIR structures are proposed and their performance is compared with respect to nonidealities in the transmission lines. New topologies for FIR filters, called bi-transversal structures, are presented. Shunt compensation is shown to be a useful technique for improving the performance of all families of transmission line based filters.
Rab25 in cancer: a brief update (2012)

Derailed endocytosis is a hallmark of cancer. The endocytic pathway, as demonstrated by our laboratory, is a frequent target of genomic aberrations in cancer and plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular polarity, stem cell function, bioenergetics, proliferation, motility, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis and autophagy. The Rab GTPases, along with their effectors, are critical regulators of this endocytic machinery and can have a huge impact on the cellular itinerary of growth and metabolism. Rab25 is an epithelial-cell-specific member of the Rab GTPase superfamily, sharing close homology with Rab11a, the endosomal recycling Rab GTPase. RAB25 has been implicated in various cancers, with reports presenting it as both an oncogene and a tumour-suppressor gene. At the cellular level, Rab25 was shown to contribute to invasiveness of cancer cells by regulating integrin trafficking. Recently, our laboratory uncovered a critical role for Rab25 in cellular energetics. Assimilating all of the existing evidence, in the present review, we give an updated overview of the complex and often context-dependent role of Rab25 in cancer.
Exploiting the potential of molecular profiling in Parkinson’s disease: current practice and future probabilities (2010)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, heterogeneous syndrome diagnosed clinically by the presence of classical neurological symptoms and the absence of 'red flags' that suggest alternative secondary parkinsonian disorders. Neuropathologically, nigrostriatal loss and the presence of proteinaceous inclusions (Lewy bodies) confirm the diagnosis. For PD, molecular profiling promises much but is yet to deliver in terms of breakthroughs for identifying at-risk individuals, detecting disease at early stages, improving diagnostic certainty, prognosticating future outcomes or providing surrogate markers of therapeutic efficacy. Recent, large-scale omics studies, driven by technological advances, have generated terabytes of data but not yet met the goal of developing biomarkers suitable for clinical use in PD. In this article we critically evaluate the recent literature to identify the key roadblocks and realistic opportunities facing researchers interested in utilizing molecular profiling in the clinic to improve the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
Assessing Network Service Profitability: Modeling From Market Science Perspective (2007)

Network service providers regularly conduct network planning and upgrade processes to keep their businesses profitable. The effectiveness of a network upgrade/planning decision is intrinsically tied to the ability of a provider to retain and grow its customer population. This paper examines the crucial linkage between network performance, customer satisfaction and profitability of network service, and presents an analytical modeling approach from market science perspective. We derive a generalized forecasting model that projects service profitability from the underlying network service infrastructure and the subscriber population. Through simulation studies and analysis, we show how such approach captures key factors and trends influencing service profitability and how it can significantly improve current network planning and upgrade processes.
Electrically tunable conducting oxide metasurfaces for high-power applications (2021)

Active metasurfaces represent a new class of flat optical elements, which can dynamically control the wavefront of the reflected or transmitted light at a subwavelength scale. Here, we theoretically investigate thermal performance of gate-tunable conducting oxide metasurfaces, which are illuminated with high-power laser beams (~kW/cm2). We develop strategies to mitigate and limit temperature increase of our active metasurfaces. To anchor our approach, we experimentally investigate the short pulse laser-induced damage of thin gold, indium tin oxide, and titanium nitride films. Our analysis reveals that our metasurfaces can support irradiances necessary for free space optical communication or light detection and ranging applications.
The Field Displacement Isolator (1956)

A nonreciprocal ferrite device (field displacement isolator) has been constructed with reverse to forward loss ratios of about 150 in the region from 5,925 to 6,425 mc/sec. The forward loss is of the order of 0.2 db while the reverse loss is 30 db. These results are obtained by using a single ferrite element, spaced from the sidewall of the guide. The low forward loss suggests the existence of an electric field null at the location of a resistance strip on one face of the ferrite. We discuss the various conditions, derived theoretically, under which the electric field null may be obtained and utilized. Furthermore, a method of scaling is demonstrated which permits ready design to other frequencies.
A review of possible effects of cognitive biases on interpretation of rule-based machine learning models (2021)

While the interpretability of machine learning models is often equated with their mere syntactic comprehensibility, we think that interpretability goes beyond that, and that human interpretability should also be investigated from the point of view of cognitive science. The goal of this paper is to discuss to what extent cognitive biases may affect human understanding of interpretable machine learning models, in particular of logical rules discovered from data. Twenty cognitive biases are covered, as are possible debiasing techniques that can be adopted by designers of machine learning algorithms and software. Our review transfers results obtained in cognitive psychology to the domain of machine learning, aiming to bridge the current gap between these two areas. It needs to be followed by empirical studies specifically focused on the machine learning domain.
[O2–16–02]: ACCEPTABILITY, USABILITY, VALIDITY AND SENSITIVITY OF COGNITION ASSESSED IN UNSUPERVISED SETTINGS (2017)

Dementia research and care can be improved through exploitation of technology, though such development must remain scientifically valid. Internet technology allows cognitive assessment outside clinical settings. however, it is important to determine the acceptability, reliability and sensitivity of unsupervised assessments, given those being assessed are older, may have low familiarity with computers and diminished cognitive abilities. We compared the acceptability, reliability and validity of in-clinic and unsupervised cognitive assessment within the ADNI study. Data from the first 100 participants enrolled in this study (mean age = 75.6, SD = 16 years) were examined. All were recruited from ADNI and had known amyloid (AB) and clinical status. All were trained and assessed on the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) in a supervised in-clinic assessment and in three subsequent unsupervised sessions six months apart. Performance was compared between in-clinic and unsupervised assessments for rates of completion, age and gender effects, effect of diagnoses and stability over time. 98 participants completed baseline in-clinic assessment [cognitive normal (CN) =51, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) = 41, Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) = 6]. 94% required a single attempt (average time for assessment = 17.5 min, SD = 4.1), The second unsupervised assessment was completed by 78 with 92% requiring one attempt (average time for completion 16.8 min, SD=6.5). Data for the third (25 completers) and fourth (5 completers) were not analyzed here. Reliability between in-clinic and the first unsupervised assessment was >r=0.61. In CN adults, CBB performance was associated negatively with age, but unrelated to gender in both in-clinic and unsupervised assessments. Performance on the working memory (One Back) and episodic memory tests (One Card Learning) was worse in MCI than CN with equivalent magnitudes of impairment between in-clinic and unsupervised assessments (Table 1). CN AB+ adults performed worse than CN AB- adults in both in-clinic and unsupervised assessments. In CN and MCI adults, unsupervised, internet-based assessment of cognition has high acceptability, acceptable reliability, high validity and possibly high sensitivity to clinical disease state. These data provide a strong foundation for assessment of cognition in people at risk of dementia in unsupervised settings.
Concurrency control in B-trees with batch updates (1996)

In many applications it is important to be able to insert (or delete) keys into a B-tree as a batch, instead of inserting them one by one. Moreover, it may be necessary to search the B-tree concurrently with the batch update. An example of this is a text database system supporting a newspaper house: all words (keys) of each article obtained from a news agency should be inserted at once, and, at the same time, searches for documents containing certain words should be allowed as efficiently as possible. We have designed two solutions to the problem of concurrent batch update. The first solution-implemented in our commercial text database system-optimizes the speed of the batch update, and the second solution optimizes the average search time during the batch update.
A new method of diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia: narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (2006)

In narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy, observation of a light blue crest on the epithelial surface in the gastric mucosa is a highly accurate sign of the presence of histological intestinal metaplasia.
Highly Reflecting Stable White Paint for the Detection of Ultraviolet and Visible Radiations (1974)

The use of polyvinyl alcohol polymer as a binder for barium sulfate does not allow the intrinsically high reflectance of barium sulfate in the 200–300-nm range to be optimally employed. In an effort to better utilize this property, totally inorganic coating systems are described. Potassium sulfate turns out to be the preferred binder for reflectance enhancement. Compositions, formulating procedures, and application techniques are included. For completeness, absolute and relative reflectance data are included for intrasystem and intersystem comparisons.
Fulminant liver failure model with hepatic encephalopathy in the mouse. (2011)

Azoxymethane can provide a good FLF model, but requires a specialized environment and careful BT control. Other FLF models may also be useful, depending on research purpose. Thoughtful attention to caregiving and close observation are indispensable for successful FLF models.
Windows NT in a ccNUMA system (1999)

We have built a 16-way, ccNUMA multiprocessor prototype to study the feasibility of building large scale servers out of Standard High Volume (SHV) components. Using a cache-coherent interconnect, our prototype combines four 4-processor SMPs built using 350MHz Intel Xeon ™ processors, yielding a 16-way system with a total of 4 GBytes of physical memory distributed over the nodes. Such an environment poses several performance challenges to Windows NT ® , which assumes that memory is equidistant to all processors. To overcome these problems, we have implemented an abstraction called a Resource Set, which allows threads to specify their execution and memory affinity across the ccNUMA complex. We used a suite of parallel applications to evaluate the scalability and performance of the system. Our results confirm the feasibility of building ccNUMA systems out of SHV components, and suggest that memory allocation affinity should be incorporated as part of the standard Windows NT API. Also, the performance degradation due to poor bus bandwidth in the current generation of Intel-based processors often dominates the degradation due to the latency of remote memory accesses. 1.
Noncoherent delay-lock tracking loop for chip-interleavingDS SS system (1999)

A noncoherent delay-lock loop (DLL) is proposed for code tracking in chip-interleaving (CI) direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) systems. Analyses show that the proposed loop achieves the same code-tracking performance as the traditional noncoherent DLL does for conventional DS SS systems.
Immunocytochemical analysis of the stage-specific distribution of collagen in the cuticle of Meloidogyne incognita (1996)

Summary - Polyclonal antiserum was raised against the major 76 kDa collagen protein extracted from cuticles of Meloidogyne incognira adult females. The amino acid composition of this major collagen protein was similar tO the amino acid composition of other nematode collagens. In Western bIots, the polyclonal antiserum reacted strongly with twO collagen proteins (M,76 and 140 kDa) in ~-mercaptoethanol soluble proteins from cuticles of adult females and with several collagen proteins from preparasitic second-stage juveniles OZ). The polyclonal antiserum was used in immunogold electron microscopy to localize collagen in the cuticles of different life stages and in the egg shell. In vermiform preparasitic JZ and adult males, which have distinctly three-zoned cuticJes, dense gold labeling occurred only over the cortical zone and was absent from the epicuticle, the median zone, and striated basal zone. In sausage-shaped parasiticJZ, which have a homogeneously structured cuticle, gold particJes were uniforrnly distributed over the entire internal structure of the cuticle. Gold particles also were uniform1y distributed on the entire width of the internaI structure of the cuticle of the adult female and SDS-purified cuticles from adult females. In the egg shell, goId labeling occurred over the chitin layer.
2’Deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine affect IL 2 production and IL 2 receptor expression of human T cells. (1987)

Congenital deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) leads to severe combined immunodeficiency. 2'Deoxycoformycin (dCF), a tightly binding inhibitor of ADA, can induce the metabolic state of ADA deficiency. In vivo, the drug causes specific impairment of lymphocyte function and shows strong immunosuppressive properties. However, to decide whether inhibition of the enzyme ADA offers an attractive approach for immunosuppressive therapy, more information is needed about the immunologic mechanisms affected. In human T cells, we investigated the effect of dCF and deoxyadenosine (AdR) on cell activation, interleukin 2 (IL 2) production, and IL 2 receptor induction after allogeneic and lectin-induced stimulation. After allogeneic stimulation, dCF and AdR affected several events in T cellular immune response. Early events in T cell activation showed to be most sensitive to the drugs. Primary MLC was completely inhibited by concentrations as low as 1 microM dCF and 1 microM AdR. The addition of human recombinant IL 2 (rIL 2) could not abrogate the inhibitory effect of the drugs. Apart from activation of T cells, the drugs interfered with proliferation of activated T cells. Two events in activated T cells were affected: IL 2 production and IL 2 receptor expression. In secondary MLC, IL 2 production was markedly reduced in the presence of 9 microM dCF and 60 microM AdR. These concentrations appeared also to affect IL 2 receptor expression in 12-day primary MLC cells stimulated with rIL 2. Lectin stimulation was also affected by the drugs. In phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures, 9 microM dCF and 60 microM AdR resulted in inhibition of proliferation and IL 2 receptor expression, whereas IL 2 production was normal. It is concluded that dCF and AdR interfere with several events in T cellular immune response such as cell activation, IL 2 production, and IL 2 receptor expression. According to these results, inhibition of the enzyme ADA seems an attractive approach to immunosuppressive therapy.
Is Pseudo-Lidar needed for Monocular 3D Object detection? (2021)

Recent progress in 3D object detection from single images leverages monocular depth estimation as a way to produce 3D pointclouds, turning cameras into pseudo-lidar sensors. These two-stage detectors improve with the accuracy of the intermediate depth estimation network, which can itself be improved without manual labels via large-scale self-supervised learning. However, they tend to suffer from overfitting more than end-to-end methods, are more complex, and the gap with similar lidar-based detectors remains significant. In this work, we propose an end-to-end, single stage, monocular 3D object detector, DD3D, that can benefit from depth pre-training like pseudo-lidar methods, but without their limitations. Our architecture is designed for effective information transfer between depth estimation and 3D detection, allowing us to scale with the amount of unlabeled pre-training data. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results on two challenging benchmarks, with 16.34% and 9.28% AP for Cars and Pedestrians (respectively) on the KITTI-3D benchmark, and 41.5% mAP on NuScenes.
A Color‐Tuneable Organic Light‐Emitting Transistor (2010)

An organic light-emitting field-effect transistor whose emission color can be changed by the applied voltage is presented. The transistor is based on a parallel layer stack of acenes serving as organic transport and emission layers. During operation, the position of the recombination zone can be moved by a proper change in the drain and gate bias from one organic semiconductor of the stack to the other, inducing a change in the emission color from green to red.
p53 expression in the normal murine eye. (2002)

High levels of p53 protein are found in various normal murine ocular tissues, especially the corneal and conjunctival structures and the lens epithelium. Each of these tissues demonstrate unique patterns of staining.
Dome lighting for insect imaging under a microscope (2008)

The most basic element of photography is the interaction of light with the subject being imaged. In cases where magnification and clarity are of great importance, such as the imaging of insects for scientific illustration, controlling light can be especially challenging. The intense light needed to reveal microscopic elements such as setae and ultrastructural sculpturing may often overcompensate the light levels needed in other areas, especially for high color contrast and/or reflective specimens. Projecting halogen fiber-optic lights over diffusers such as Mylar or Styrofoam is one method used to overcome this imbalance successfully; however, these methods typically involve a great deal of setup time and experience. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a cheap, powerful, and energy-efficient light source that is now being used more frequently in the imaging of insects under a microscope. One technique that has shown promise for quick and effective insect imaging is using LEDs in conjunction with an open dome to create a diffused, soft light arena for photography. Though commercially available illumination domes exist, creating a dome lighting system of your own is in fact easy and inexpensive. We detail how a variety of dome systems can be made using easily acquired materials and identify a few important considerations for effectively imaging challenging subjects under a microscope.
The EAL domain containing protein STM2215 (rtn) is needed during Salmonella infection and has cyclic di‐GMP phosphodiesterase activity (2013)

Salmonella Typhimurium gene STM2215 (rtn) is conserved among many enterobacteriaceae. Mutants lacking STM2215 poorly colonized the liver and spleen in intraperitoneal infection of mice and poorly colonized the intestine and deeper tissues in oral infection. These phenotypes were complemented by a wild-type copy of STM2215 provided in trans. STM2215 deletion mutants grew normally in J774A.1 murine macrophages but were unable to invade Caco-2 colonic epithelial cells. Consistent with this finding, mutants in STM2215 produced lower levels of effectors of the TTSS-1. STM2215 is a predicted c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, but lacks identifiable sensor domains. Biochemical analysis of STM2215 determined that it is located in the inner membrane and has c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity in vitro dependent on an intact EAL motif. Unlike some previously identified members of this family, STM2215 did not affect motility, was expressed on plates, and in liquid media at late exponential and early stationary phase during growth. Defined mutations in STM2215 revealed that neither the predicted periplasmic domain nor the anchoring of the protein to the inner membrane is necessary for the activity of this protein during infection. However, the EAL domain of STM2215 is required during infection, suggesting that its phosphodiesterase activity is necessary during infection.
Sex Differences in Neuropathy: The Paradigmatic Case of MetFormin (2022)

As a widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, metformin has been receiving novel attention for its analgesic potential. In the study of the complex etiology of neuropathic pain (NeP), male and female individuals exhibit quite different responses characterized by higher pain sensitivity and greater NeP incidence in women. This "gender gap" in our knowledge of sex differences in pain processing strongly limits the sex-oriented treatment of patients suffering from NeP. Besides, the current investigation of the analgesic potential of metformin has not addressed the "gender gap" problem. Hence, this study focuses on metformin and sex-dependent analgesia in a murine model of NeP induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. We investigated sexual dimorphism in signaling pathways involved by 7 days of metformin administration, such as changes in AMP-activated protein kinase and the positive regulation of autophagy machinery, discovering that metformin affected in a sexually dimorphic manner the immunological and inflammatory response to nerve lesion. These effects were complemented by morphological and adaptive changes occurring after peripheral nerve injury. Altogether these data can contribute to explaining a number of potential mechanisms responsible for the complete recovery from NeP found in male mice, as opposed to the failure of long-lasting recovery in female animals.
Adsorption of n-Decyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and n-Decyl-β-d-maltopyranoside Mixtures at the Liquid−Vapor Interface (2003)

Surface tension isotherms were recorded for mixtures of n-decyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (Glu) and n-decyl-β-d-maltopyranoside (Mal) and for the pure components. By use of conventional surface thermodynamics, the adsorbed amounts of Glu and Mal were calculated for different compositions and overall concentrations. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc's) of the pure components and the mixtures were between 2 and 2.2 mM. It was found that the molecule with the smaller headgroup, Glu, packs more tightly at the liqud−vapor interface at cmc, 37.5 Å2/molecule as compared to 48.1 Å2/molecule for Mal. The transition from a two-dimensional ideal solution state to a liquid-expanded state was investigated in detail. This transition occurs from an area/molecule of ∼450−550 to ∼150−200 Å2/molecule and at very low values of the surface pressure, ∼1 mN/m. For a 1:1 mixture of Mal and Glu, an excess of the larger molecule, Mal, was found at the interface in a small concentration interval just after the ideal Henry's law region. At higher concentrations Glu adsorbs more readily, and at the cmc Glu occupies 73% of the interface. The observed adsorption behavior, surface pressure behavior, and the relative amounts of the two surfactants at the interface for the different mixtures are indicative of a hard disk behavior of the two sugar headgroups.