gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Emitting Diode-Assisted Narrow Band Imaging Video Endoscopy System in Head and Neck Cancer (2015)

Although large-scale screening programs should be established to further verify the accuracy of this technology, its lower power consumption, lower heat emission, and higher luminous efficiency appear promising for future clinical applications.
Crystal structure of a substrate complex of myo -inositol oxygenase, a di-iron oxygenase with a key role in inositol metabolism (2006)

Altered metabolism of the inositol sugars myo-inositol (MI) and d-chiro-inositol is implicated in diabetic complications. In animals, catabolism of MI and D-chiro-inositol depends on the enzyme MI oxygenase (MIOX), which catalyzes the first committed step of the glucuronate-xylulose pathway, and is found almost exclusively in the kidneys. The crystal structure of MIOX, in complex with MI, has been determined by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction methods and refined at 2.0-A resolution (R=0.206, Rfree=0.253). The structure reveals a monomeric, single-domain protein with a mostly helical fold that is distantly related to the diverse HD domain superfamily. Five helices form the structural core and provide six ligands (four His and two Asp) for the di-iron center, in which the two iron atoms are bridged by a putative hydroxide ion and one of the Asp ligands, Asp-124. A key loop forms a lid over the MI substrate, which is coordinated in bidentate mode to one iron atom. It is proposed that this mode of iron coordination, and interaction with a key Lys residue, activate MI for bond cleavage. The structure also reveals the basis of substrate specificity and suggests routes for the development of specific MIOX inhibitors.
Coating protecting layers in alternating current-plasma display panels (2003)

Two protecting layers, a MgF2/MgO multilayer coated MgO layer and a LaF3 layer coated MgO layer, were studied in order to overcome the weakness of the conventional MgO protecting layer for use in color alternating current (ac) plasma display panels (PDPs). The material characteristics of these protecting layers were examined by carefully changing the growing conditions. The display characteristics were also examined by manufacturing real PDPs using these protecting layers. These two protecting layers had higher secondary electron-emission yields than conventional MgO. It was demonstrated that these two methods were effective for lowering the firing and sustaining voltage of PDPs and also for enhancing the brightness of the panel.
Reaction of Dimethoxycarbene−DMAD Zwitterion with 1,2-Diones and Anhydrides:  A Novel Synthesis of Highly Substituted Dihydrofurans and Spirodihydrofurans (2006)

The zwitterion formed by the reaction of dimethoxycarbene and DMAD adds efficiently to one of the carbonyl groups of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and anhydrides to generate dihydrofurans and spirodihydrofurans in good yields. In many cases, the carbene inserts into the C−C bond of the dione to yield masked vicinal tricarbonyl systems.
High-resolution Expression Profiling of Selected Gene Sets during Plant Immune Activation (2019)

SUMMARY Sequence capture followed by next-generation sequencing has broad applications in cost-effective exploration of biological processes at high resolution [1, 2]. Genome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) over a time course can reveal the dynamics of differential gene expression. However, in many cases, only a limited set of genes are of interest, and are repeatedly used as markers for certain biological processes. Sequence capture can help generate high-resolution quantitative datasets to assess changes in abundance of selected genes. We previously used sequence capture to accelerate Resistance gene cloning [1, 3, 4], investigate immune receptor gene diversity [5] and investigate pathogen diversity and evolution [6, 7]. The plant immune system involves detection of pathogens via both cell-surface and intracellular receptors. Both receptor classes can induce transcriptional reprogramming that elevates disease resistance [8]. To assess differential gene expression during plant immunity, we developed and deployed quantitative sequence capture (CAP-I). We designed and synthesized biotinylated single-strand RNA bait libraries targeted to a subset of defense genes, and generated sequence capture data from 99 RNA-seq libraries. We built a data processing pipeline to quantify the RNA-CAP-I-seq data, and visualize differential gene expression. Sequence capture in combination with quantitative RNA-seq enabled cost-effective assessment of the expression profile of a specified subset of genes. Quantitative sequence capture is not limited to RNA-seq or any specific organism and can potentially be incorporated into automated platforms for high-throughput sequencing.
Evolution of nucleotide sequences and expression patterns of hydrophobin genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungusPaxillus involutus (2007)

Hydrophobins are small, secreted proteins that play important roles in the development of pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. Evolutionary mechanisms generating sequence and expression divergence among members in hydrophobin gene families are largely unknown. Seven hydrophobin (hyd) genes and one hyd pseudogene were isolated from strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. Sequences were analysed using phylogenetic methods. Expression profiles were inferred from microarray experiments. The hyd genes included both young (recently diverged) and old duplicates. Some young hyd genes exhibited an initial phase of enhanced sequence evolution owing to relaxed or positive selection. There was no significant association between sequence divergence and variation in expression levels. However, three hyd genes displayed a shift in the expression levels or an altered tissue specificity following duplication. The Paxillus hyd genes evolve according to the so-called birth-and-death model in which some duplicates are maintained for a long time, whereas others are inactivated through mutations. The role of subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization for preserving the hyd duplicates in the genome is discussed.
Constructive floorplanning with a yield objective (2002)

The ability to improve the yield of integrated circuits through layout modification has been recognized, and several techniques for yield enhanced routing and compaction have been developed. Still, yield issues are rarely a factor in the choice of the floorplan mainly due to the tendency to focus on the more important timing and area objectives. Consequently, floorplanning tools have been developed with only these primary objectives in mind. We show in this paper that it is possible to generate a better floorplan with respect to yield with very little penalty in the main objectives. We describe a constructive floorplanning approach which is based on analytical techniques and produces near optimal floorplans in terms of area utilization, wiring length and yield.
Sewage Sludge as a Biomass Resource for the Production of Energy: Overview and Assessment of the Various Options (2007)

Treatment of municipal wastewater results worldwide in the production of large amounts of sewage sludge. The major part of the dry matter content of this sludge consists of nontoxic organic compounds, in general a combination of primary sludge and secondary (microbiological) sludge. The sludge also contains a substantial amount of inorganic material and a small amount of toxic components. There are many sludge-management options in which production of energy (heat, electricity, or biofuel) is one of the key treatment steps. The most important options are anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, incineration in combination with energy recovery, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants, co-incineration in combination with organic waste focused on energy recovery, use as an energy source in the production of cement or building materials, pyrolysis, gasification, supercritical (wet) oxidation, hydrolysis at high temperature, production of hydrogen, acetone, butanol, or ethanol, and direct generation of electrical energy by means of specific micro-organisms. Incineration and co-incineration with energy recovery and use of sewage sludge in the production of Portland cement are applied on a large scale. In these processes, the toxic organics are destructed and the heavy metals are immobilized in the ash or cement. The energy efficiency of these processes strongly depends upon the dewatering and drying step. It is expected that these applications will strongly increase in the future. Supercritical wet oxidation is a promising innovative technology but is still in the development stage. With the exception of biogas production, the other biological methods to produce energy are still in the initial research phase. Production of biogas from sewage sludge is already applied worldwide on small, medium, and large scales. With this process, a substantial experience exists and it is expected that this application is getting more and more attention. Besides the increasing focus on the recovery and reuse of energy, inorganics, and phosphorous, there is also an increasing focus to solve completely the problem of the toxic organics and inorganic compounds in sludge. In the assessment and selection of options for energy recovery by means of biological methods, this aspect has to be taken into account.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Water Clear ZnS (1985)

Optical and mechanical properties of water clear ZnS produced by CVD, Inc. of Woburn, MA, have been measured. These include optical absorption at several laser wavelengths, spectral transmission, thermo-optic coefficients, stress-optic coefficients, thermal expansion coefficient, density, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and electrical resistivity. Measurements were made on production grade material and three research batches and correlations made for optical properties as a function of deposition parameters.
Myocardial Uptake of Encainide and Its Two Major Metabolites, O-Demethyl Encainide and 3-Methoxy-O-Demethyl Encainide, in the Dog (1984)

Encainide is a new antiarrhythmic agent which is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Two metabolites, O-demethyl encainide (ODE) and 3-methoxy-O-demethyl encainide (MODE), have been identified. We have investigated the myocardial accumulation of these three compounds in an anesthetized open-chested dog model. We also considered the degree of plasma protein binding and the oil/water partitioning characteristics of these three compounds to see if they explained differences in myocardial accumulation. Each compound was administered by intravenous infusion to a group of five dogs. Blood and myocardial biopsy samplings were carried out under steady-state conditions. The myocardial/plasma concentration ratios for encainide, ODE, and MODE were 8.4, 5.4, and 4.8, respectively. The ratios were compared with a completely randomized analysis of variance followed by multiple comparisons. The myocardial/plasma concentration ratio for encainide was significantly greater (p less than .05) than the ratios of the metabolites; however, the difference between ODE and MODE was not significant. Myocardial uptake of encainide, ODE, and MODE was quite rapid, and the myocardial concentration-time course of each compound followed its time course in plasma closely. Encainide and its two metabolites are only moderately bound to plasma proteins. The mean (+/- SD) percent bound for encainide, ODE, and MODE are 49 +/- 10, 55 +/- 19, 44 +/- 18, respectively. The whole blood/plasma concentration ratios are 1.04 +/- 0.16, 1.08 +/- 0.23, and 1.06 +/- 0.08 for encainide, ODE, and MODE, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proton spectroscopic imaging of the human brain using phased array detectors (1995)

Abstract Two and four‐coil phased array detectors have been developed to increase the sensitivity of proton spectroscopic imaging of the human brain. These include a quadrature figure‐8 coil for the study of the vertex, several arrays of 2‐4 small overlapping (6‐8 cm diameter) circular coils and a combination figure‐8 coil plus circular coil. These were constructed in our laboratory and tested to assess their utility for brain spectroscopy. Methods for optimally combining the data from the independent receivers based on the analytical coil maps or measured signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of the data were investigated. High spatial resolution (0.2‐0.4 cm 3 voxel size) two‐ or three‐dimensional chemical shift images of normal brain were obtained in 17‐minute acquisitions. These spatial resolutions are comparable to those previously obtained with conventional small surface coils, but the specialized detectors allow this sensitivity to be achieved for a larger region or for previously inaccessible areas such as the top of the head. The coverage and SNR increases demonstrated are similar to those obtained in magnetic resonance phased array imaging.
Longitudinal study of self‐reported hearing loss and subjective cognitive function decline in women (2019)

Self-reported hearing loss was associated with higher risk of incident subjective cognitive function decline in women.
Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a 585 nm Pulsed-Dye Laser for the Nonablative Treatment of Facial Rhytides (2006)

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 585 nm flashlamp pulsed-dye laser for the nonablative treatment of facial rhytides. Methods A multicenter prospective randomized controlled study on 58 volunteers was performed. A split-face approach was adopted, with one periorbital region acting as a control and the other receiving either one or two treatments. Patients were photographed and imaged three-dimensionally before and after treatment. Histologic sections were analyzed. Results Three-dimensional topographic evaluation showed improvements of 9.8% (p= .0022) and 15% (p= .0029) in surface roughness for single and double treatments, respectively. Histology revealed an increase in type I collagen messenger ribonucleic acid expression, type III procollagen, chondroitin sulfate, and grenz zone thickness. Two treatments resulted in greater improvement than one treatment. Conclusion Clinical improvement was achieved following a single treatment. Further improvement was observed following a second treatment. The subjective evaluation of clinical improvement was consistent with both histologic and topographic quantitative measurements. SUZANNE KILMER, MD, AND JAY BURNS, MD, RECEIVED THE USE OF THE LASER FOR RESEARCH AND A DISCOUNTED PURCHASE AGREEMENT. THEY BOTH ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIVING HONORARIA FOR LECTURING FROM THE MANUFACTURER. BRIAN ZELICKSON, MD, RECEIVED RESEARCH GRANTS FROM ICN.
Usability is the Best Policy: Public Policy and the Lived Experience of Transport Systems in London (2007)

This paper explores the relations between public policy and usability in lived experience, drawing on 3 case studies in one important area of urban policy, transport. For these studies, discourse from interviews and focus groups with a total of 120 participants, and a written corpus of over 80 documents, were collected and analyzed, together with interviews with 25 key staff and observations of user interactions both in the laboratory and in situ. The resulting rich dataset presents a new perspective on e-government systems in use. The results show that usability must be prioritised at the policy design stage; it cannot be left to implementation. Failure to do so is experienced by users in systems which fail to work together to meet their needs. Negative experiences, in turn, may lead to loss of trust and legitimacy, and detract from public value and community well-being. These findings, therefore, provide lessons from HCI insights for both public policy-makers and implementers of e-government systems. The paper concludes by suggesting some HCI methods for pre-venting usability problems in e-government systems, by involving users in design in order to understand their lived experiences around the ecology of the systems.
Experiment and Theoretical Calculation of the Surface Space Charge Region Effect on Photocurrent Generation of SnO2 Bilayer Photodiode Devices (2019)

Abstract In this work, a SnO 2 bilayers photodiode device is designed, which consists of a thin SnO 2 photocurrent generation layer and a SnO 2 thick layer on the glass substrate. The SnO 2 photocurrent generation layer with high oxygen vacancy concentration is intentionally prepared. With annealing in oxygen ambient, an electrical potential would be built in the surface space charge region in the thin SnO 2 photocurrent generation layer, which would drive the photocarriers down to and flow in the photocarrier transportation layer, i.e., the high‐mobility SnO 2 thick film on the glass substrate. The designed SnO 2 bilayers photodiode device could enhance photocurrent generation and resolution for the SnO 2 ‐based UV‐photodetectors. It is concluded that the width of surface space charge region is the key factor for the enhancement of lifetime of photocarriers and photocurrent generation of the current SnO 2 bilayers photodiode. Based on the present experimental results, the width of the surface space charge region is expected to be nearly or less than 3 nm. Moreover, in this work, a theoretical model is developed to calculate the width of the surface space charge region. The calculated width of the surface space charge region (3.26 nm) is close enough to support the present experimental observation.
Taxonomy-based routing overlays in P2P networks (2004)

In peer-to-peer network limited system resources prohibit broadcasting a query to all possible peers. Distributed hash table (DHT)-based approaches scale well, but do not consider ontological structures, such as existing classifications of peers in taxonomies. We investigate adaptive taxonomy-based routing overlays and present approaches for their automated computation. We propose taxonomy-based models and discuss how models are stored, queried and managed in a DHT-based catalog allowing an efficient taxonomy-based routing of queries in a peer-to-peer network.
[Impairment of learning and memory and the accessory symptom in aged rats as senile dementia model (1)--Emotional behavior]. (1993)

It is well known that there is an increase of emotional behavior in senile dementia. There are few studies investigating age-related emotional behavior. We attempted to investigate emotional behavior of aged rats using various tests. Locomotor activity for 24 h decreased in aged rats compared with that in young rats. There was no difference in locomotor activity between light and dark periods in aged rats. There was no visual abnormality on light/dark discrimination test in aged rats. It suggests that locomotor activity during dark period may be impaired by aging. Head-dips and social interaction time in hole board and social interaction tests, respectively decreased, while start latency, defecation and urination in open field test increased in aged rats. Furthermore, ambulation and rearing in hole board, social interaction and open field tests decreased, and entries into open or closed arms in elevated plus-maze test reduced in aged rats compared with those in young rats. These findings suggest that anxiety may increase, but spontaneous activity decrease in aged rats. These results indicate that aged rats may be useful as an accessory symptom model of senile dementia.
Screening and treatment of psychological distress in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: study protocol of the TES trial (2015)

This trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register NTR4034.
CCL20 induces migration and proliferation on breast epithelial cells (2013)

The communication between the tumor cells and the surrounding cells helps drive the process of tumor progression. Since the microenvironment of breast cancer includes CCL20 chemokine, the purpose of this study was to determine whether CCL20 modulates the physiology of healthy breast epithelial cells in areas adjacent to the tumor. Therefore, primary cultures of mammary cells taken from normal peritumoral areas were used. We assessed that breast cells expressed CCR6 CCL20 receptor. Using molecular (siRNA) and pharmacological (inhibitors) techniques, we found multiple signaling kinases to be activated by CCR6 and involved in CCL20-induced breast cell proliferation and migration. The binding of 10 ng/ml CCL20 to CCR6 induced cell migration whilst higher concentrations (from 15 to 25 ng/ml) led to cell proliferation. CCL20 controlled cell migration and MMP-9 expression by PKC-alpha that activated Src, which caused the activation of downstream Akt, JNK, and NF-kB pathways. Furthermore, higher CCL20 concentrations increased cycE and decreased p27Kip expression ending in enhanced cell proliferation. Cell proliferation occurred through PKC-epsilon activation that transactivated EGFR and ERK1/2/MAPK pathway. Although activated by different CCL20 concentrations, these pathways function in parallel and crosstalk to some extent, inasmuch as Akt activation was responsible for ERK1/2 nuclear translocation and enhanced the transcription of of c-fos and c-myc, involved in cell proliferation. In summary, tumor cells exchange signals with the surrounding healthy cells modifying the extracellular matrix through enzyme secretion; thus, CCL20 might be a factor involved in the ontogeny of breast carcinoma.
Characterization of the regions of convergence of CMA adapted blind fractionally spaced equalizer (2002)

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is an effective and popular scheme for blind adaptive equalization. Delineation of the regions of convergence of this multimodal algorithm has remained as an unresolved problem in spite of its significance with regard to CMA initialization strategies. In this paper we present a qualitative analysis of convergence regions of the fractionally spaced CMA (FS-CMA) equalizer based on a new geometrical understanding of the constant modulus cost function. We characterize the location and volume of the convergence regions of local minima, and associate the volume of the convergence regions with their MSE performance. The convergence regions of the local minima with low noise gain expand near the origin, while those of the local minima with high noise gain shrink. This explains partly the robustness of FS-CMA and the MSE optimization achieved by the widely used center spike initialization with constrained magnitude.
Seasonal variations of metacercarial density of Clonorchis sinensis in fish intermediate host, Pseudorasbora parva (1985)

The seasonal variations of the rate and intensity of metacercarial infection of C. sinensis in P. parva were observed. The fish were collected at Sun-Am river which located in Kim-Hae City, Kyong-Sang-Nam Do(=Province), Korea, from March 1983 to February 1984 every month. A total of 788 fish was examined. The number of metacercariae in each fish was individually counted after the individual digestion by artificial gastric juice. The result was as follows: During one year, 513(65.1%) out of 788 fish were infected with metacercariae. In May, June, July and September, the infection rates ranged from 82. 0 % to 98. 6% whereas the rates was relatively low in March, April, November and February raning from 11. 4% to 64.7%. The intensity of infection was similar with those of infection rates. The mean intensity per infected fish was 103.0 and standard deviation was 118.9 throughout one year. The highest mean intenstiy was in June(294. 8) and the lowest in Novebmver(11.1). The observed frequency of fish with certain intensities of metcercariae were fitted to theoretical equations derived from negative binomial distribution in March, April, November and February(p > 0.05). Meanwhile, the equation of lognormal distribution were fitted with the observed frequencies in May, June, July and September(p > 0.05, p > 0.75). The variance/mean ratio varied by month. The value was the highest in July(814.3) and the lowest in November(158.8). Unlike our hypothesis, the metacercarial density of Clonorchis sinensis in its the most favourable fish host, Pseudorasbora parva showed considerable seasonal variations in the hyperendemic area. The possible factors were discussed.