gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Trace Water in Highly Puified Nitrogen Gas by Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometer (1995)

Quantitative analysis of trace water, at ppb level and below, in highly purified nitrogen gas used in semiconductor fabrication processes was investigated using an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS). Until recently, the trace analysis of strongly adhesive water was difficult because of the lack of a standard gas for calibration and high background water levels. The standard gas was prepared by using a gas containing a ppm level of water evaporated from a water bottle, and diluting it 10 5 times using a two-step dilution system. To reduce the background, a simplified SUS316L electropolished gas line with no valves, mass flow controllers or connectors was assembled. Using this method, a calibration curve applicable to the low ppm to ppt range was obtained. The background obtained was 40 ppt. The curve was fitted with a theoretical curve calculated from ion-molecule reactions.
Stereochemistry of base-catalyzed addition of thiophenol to 3-H carbacephalosporins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of base-catalyzed addition of thiophenol to 3-H carbacephalosporinsRandal S. Miller, David W. Hoard, Ross A. Johnson, and Wayne D. LukeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 12, 3289–3293Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00091a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00091a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Queen Scallop Aequipecten opercularis : a new source of information on late Cenozoic marine environments in Europe (2000)

Abstract Few data exist on seasonal variation in the temperature (or other aspects of the environment) of late Cenozoic shelf seas in Europe. Ontogenetic records in the shell of Aequipecten opercularis , a widespread, fast-growing and typically well-preserved bivalve, are a potential source. Study of modern forms has shown that oxygen stable isotopes are incorporated in equilibrium with surrounding seawater (hence providing a faithful record of temperature) and data from late Holocene A. opercularis of the southern North Sea Basin (SNSB) indicate that extreme winter (as well as summer) temperatures are registered. Oxygen isotope data from apparently well-preserved, mid-Pliocene shells of the SNSB indicate seasonal temperatures similar to present, whereas microgrowth increment data suggest substantially warmer conditions, in accordance with other evidence. The balance of evidence thus implies cryptic diagenetic corruption of the isotopic temperature signature in mid-Pliocene shells. However, it would be premature to discount the possibility of cooler mid-Pliocene conditions than currently recognized. Ontogenetic variation in carbon isotopic composition within shells is minor and apparently unrelated to environment, but differences between mid-Pliocene, late Holocene and modern shells probably relate to changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Unlike certain taxa, seasonal variation is not evident in the strontium or magnesium contents of the A. opercularis shell, but may be displayed by other trace elements, hence affording (together with seasonal increment width variation) a means of independent temporal calibration of isotope profiles. Ontogenetic records of environment from A. opercularis can be complete (and, in the case of increment data, easily recovered) but are of short duration. They must be complemented by (less complete) records from longer lived taxa to obtain the fullest possible environmental history. Seasonal cycles in ontogenetic records afford a means of establishing age and growth rate, and can therefore provide information of value for evolutionary studies and management of living populations.
Single-Electron Transport in Nanostructured Dirac Materials (2016)

The relativistic dynamics of electronic excitations in two-dimensional Dirac materials such as graphene and the surface states of topological insulators gives rise to superb electronic properties relevant to a wide range of applications and fundamental questions in condensed matter physics. Graphene is a robust material for spintronics owing to its weak spin-orbit and hyperfine interaction, while the surface states of topological insulators exhibit a spin-momentum locking that opens up the possibility for controlling the spin degree of freedom in the absence of external magnetic fields. Nanostructures made of these materials are also viable in quantum computing applications involving the superposition and entanglement of individual charge and spin quanta. In this article, we review recent developments towards confining and manipulating charges in nanostructures fabricated from both graphene and topological insulators. We first focus on transport in graphene nanoribbons and quantum dots fabricated on SiO2 substrates and more recently on hexagonal boron nitride substrates in order to reduce the bulk disorder. In the second part of this article, we extend our discussion to topological insulators (TIs). After a brief review of bulk TI properties, we review recent developments in the fabrication and understanding of electronic properties of TI nanostructures. Finally, we outline how future work geared towards developing qubits in Dirac materials.
EFFECT OF DYDROGESTERONE ON HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AND OVARIAN ACTIVITY (1962)

ABSTRACT Some of the pharmacological properties of dydrogesterone (9β,10α-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione) were studied in the human female. When dydrogesterone was administered by mouth in daily doses of 10 mg for 10 to 14 days to amenorrhoeic women primed with ethinyloestradiol progestational transformation of the endometrium was found in 30 out of 32 artificial cycles. When administration of ethinyloestradiol was not continued until the end of the artificial cycle, break-through bleeding occurred in 30 out of 35 occasions, whereas it took place in only 9 out of 30 cycles, when ethinyloestradiol was given throughout the cycle. Dydrogesterone was administered in 77 cycles to women with incapacitating dysmenorrhoea from the 5th to the 25th day. When the daily dose was 10 mg, the subsequent period was not incapacitating on 20 out of 31 occasions whereas with daily doses of 15 or 20 mg the corresponding results were 40 out of 46. Forty-eight out of 60 cycles labelled »not incapacitating« were completely painless. No side-effects whatsover were observed. Studies of basal temperature records in amenorrhoeic and dysmenorrhoeic women indicate that dydrogesterone has no thermogenic activity. When the compound was given to normally menstruating women in daily doses of 10 to 40 mg from the beginning of the cycle, it did not interfere with the characteristic biphasic temperature pattern, with the urinary excretion of oestrogen and pregnanediol or with the formation of a corpus luteum as proved at laparotomy. Even following the administration of as much as 400 mg per day a corpus luteum was found. It is concluded therefore, that dydrogesterone does not inhibit ovulation. In a previous paper the effect of alterations in the stereochemical configuration of steroid hormones at C-9 and C-10 on their pharmacological properties was reported ( Reerink et al. 1960). Among various derivatives of 9β,10α-progesterone ( retro -progesterone) tested, one, 9β,10α-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (hereafter referred to as »dydrogesterone«), see Fig. 1, was found to be a potent progestational agent when administered orally to rabbits ( Schöler 1960) and to amenorrhoeic women ( Tillinger &amp; Diczfalusy 1960). The purpose of the present communication is to report on some of the pharmacological properties of this compound in the human female.
AgCl x Br1 − x and AgCl x Br y I1 − x − y crystals for IR engineering and optical fiber cables (2008)

The AgCl-AgBr phase diagram was refined, and TlI-doped AgCl x Br y I1 − x − y crystals are grown. AgCl x Br y I1 − x − y crystals were characterized by physicochemical methods. Two types of single-mode IR cables were manufactured for operation at 10.6 μm, and their fundamental characteristics were calculated: the difference between the refractive indices of the core and cladding, core diameter, numerical aperture, and critical angle of internal reflection at the normalized frequency parameter V = 2.0.
Supplementary Table 3 from Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Promotes Metastasis and Lymphangiogenesis via Activation of Akt, EMT, and MMP-9 Pathway in Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 17K&lt;/p&gt;
Working Memory and Impulsivity and Artificial Neural Networks (2020)

Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The treatment of ADHD could potentially be improved with the development of combination therapies targeting multiple systems. Both the number of children diagnosed with ADHD and the use of stimulant medications for its treatment have been rising in recent years, and concern about side-effects and future problems that medication may cause have been increasing. An alternative treatment strategy for ADHD attracting wide interest is the targeting of neuropsychological functioning, such as executive function impairments. Computerized training programs (including video games) have drawn interest as a tool to train improvements in executive function deficits in children with ADHD. Our lab is currently conducting a pilot study to assess the effects of the online game Minecraft as a therapeutic video game (TVG) to train executive function deficits in children with ADHD. The effect of the TVG intervention in combination with stimulants is being investigated to develop a drug-device combination therapy that can address both the dopaminergic dysfunction and executive function deficits present in ADHD. Although the results of this study will be used to guide the clinical development process, additional guidance for the optimization of the executive function training activities will be provided by a computational model of executive functions built with artificial neural networks (ANNs). This model uses ANNs to complete virtual tasks resembling the executive function training activities that the study subjects practice in the Minecraft world, and the schedule of virtual tasks that result in maximum improvements in ANN performance on these tasks will be investigated as a method to inform the selection of training regimens in future clinical studies.
Mouse nasal epithelial innate immune responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecules require taste signaling components (2013)

We previously observed that the human bitter taste receptor T2R38 is an important component of upper respiratory innate defense because it detects acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. T2R38 activation in human sinonasal epithelial cells stimulates calcium and NO signals that increase mucociliary clearance, the major physical respiratory defense against inhaled pathogens. While mice do not have a clear T2R38 ortholog, they do have bitter taste receptors capable of responding to T2R38 agonists, suggesting that T2R-mediated innate immune mechanisms may be conserved in mice. We examined whether AHLs activate calcium and NO signaling in mouse nasal epithelial cells, and utilized pharmacology, as well as cells from knockout mice lacking important components of canonical taste signal transduction pathways, to determine if AHL-stimulated responses require taste signaling molecules. We found that AHLs stimulate calcium-dependent NO production that increases mucociliary clearance and thus likely serves an innate immune role against Gram-negative bacteria. These responses require PLCβ2 and TRPM5 taste signaling components, but not α-gustducin. These data suggest the mouse may be a useful model for further studies of T2R-mediated innate immunity.
Laser Debonding of Ultrathin Wafers and Packages: A Technology for the New Generation of Electronic Devices (2020)

The continuous shrinkage of the device wafers thickness is driving the current mature debonding technologies to their limits. The challenging form factor demands for memory (≤ 30 µm) or new generations of power devices applications are just two examples for the need of lowering the device thickness. Slide-off as well as mechanical debonding are methods currently in use in high volume production, but these two technologies are not capable to support the new requirements in terms of thermal and mechanical stability, handling, throughput (affecting the cost of ownership - CoO), and process margin. Therefore, device manufactures are looking for a more versatile, universal debonding technology. State of the art UV laser debonding is a very promising candidate which can help bringing the required process margin and flexibility. By combining laser debonding and thermoset materials with a high thermal budget the process window can be significantly enhanced. Most of the thermoset materials of interest which are used to form a bond and to embed the device topography cannot be stimulated directly with UV light. In order to enable a debonding process for these materials, an additional layer is commonly deposited on the carrier. The post bond uniformity (quantified typically by the total thickness variation - TTV) of the used bulk layer of thermoset adhesive has to be very well controlled in order to enable a defect free thinning of the device wafer: this becomes crucial particularly when the final device layer has to be thinned down below 10 µm. Besides the optimization of the bond layer thickness uniformity, suitable carriers for different devices and applications were evaluated. Due to the significant variety of the available glass carriers, a customized temporary bonding process can be developed by selecting the most appropriate adhesive and carrier combinations suitable even for very challenging substrates, like reconstituted wafers. Reconstituted wafers consist of a number of different layers and materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, which makes the stress management and the handling of such substrates extremely difficult. However, the choice of the suitable carrier enables the processing independent of the chosen integration process flow (RDL first; Chip first). Even a carrier flip flop to enable the processing of the back side of the very thin package is possible and this is enabling the creation of ultra-thin and smart packages. The scope of the current work was to address the post bond adhesive thickness uniformity as well as the stress management. Experimental results will be presented for the process optimization: figure 1 shows two bow measurement results for two different carrier materials and figure 2 shows an example of post-bonding thermoset adhesive uniformity measurement Figure 1
Online Arabic/Persian character recognition using neural network classifier and DCT features (2011)

Online handwriting recognition is gaining interest due to the increase of pen computing applications and availability of tablet devices. The recognition of Arabic/Persian (A/P) characters is different from western handwriting, in which different calligraphic styles and cursive nature makes automatic recognition a more challenging and complicated task. In this paper, a new method is proposed to represent A/P characters. The proposed method incorporates a new set feature vectors suitable for A/P character set. A recognition system utilizing these set of features is developed for handwritten A/P characters. The result of the overall recognition system compare favorably with previous techniques.
CoWriting Kazakh (2020)

This interdisciplinary project aims to assess and manage the risks relating to the transition of Kazakh language from Cyrillic to Latin in Kazakhstan in order to address challenges of a) teaching and motivating children to learn a new script and its associated handwriting, and b) training and providing support for all demographic groups, in particular senior generation. We present the system demonstration that proposes to assist and motivate children to learn a new script with the help of a humanoid robot and a tablet with stylus.
CoDaRR: Continuous Data Space Randomization against Data-Only Attacks (2020)

The widespread deployment of exploit mitigations such as CFI and shadow stacks are making code-reuse attacks increasingly difficult. This has forced adversaries to consider data-only attacks against which the venerable ASLR remains the primary deployed defense. Data-Space Randomization (DSR) techniques raise the bar against data-only attacks by making it harder for adversaries to inject malicious data flows into vulnerable applications. DSR works by masking memory load and store instructions. Masks are chosen (i) to not interfere with intended data flows and (ii) such that masking likely interferes with unintended flows introduced by malicious program inputs.
FUZZGY: A hybrid model for credit card fraud detection (2012)

In this paper, we propose a model to detect credit card frauds that can occur in various payment channels. This model is designed to determine the suspicious degree of fraudulent merchant transactions. In our model, fuzzy expert system provides the anomaly degree which clarifies how the new transaction is abnormal in comparison with historical pattern of merchant transactions. The fraud tendency weight is obtained by employing Fogg behavioral analysis. Therefore, this model is called FUZZGY. The fuzzy expert system applies fuzzy rules which effectively use merchant historical activities. These rules are applied to identify any logical contradiction between merchant current activities with trend of her historical ones. The Fuzzy rules are preferred rather than crisp ones because the ambiguous concept of suspicious activity should be considered. Moreover, analyzing the merchant behavior provides valuable information. In fact, it is necessary to evaluate her tendency to make any kind of fraudulent activities. Therefore, Fogg behavioral model is used to describe merchant behavior in two different but related dimensions: motivation and ability to make a fraud. With this model, fraud tendency weight is calculated for each merchant. At the end, suspicious degree of incoming transactions is computed by the FUZZGY model. With successful results which were achieved by testing the FUZZGY in lottery fraud case study, the FUZZGY can be considered as a useful model for credit card fraud detection.
Compact Yagi Antenna Utilizing Mu-Negative Metamaterial Loading of Director Element (2018)

A new technique to miniaturize Yagi antennas utilizing mu-negative (MNG) metamaterial loading is presented. In this method, the director element of the printed Yagi antenna is loaded with MNG-metamaterial unit-cells to introduce a new mu-zero resonance (MZR) which is independent of the size of the antenna, and can be adjusted by changing the amount of loading capacitance. This technique enables the printed Yagi antenna to operate at lower frequencies without changing size of the substrate. As a result of the proposed design, dual band operation is achieved. Lower band of the antenna is defined by the loaded capacitance and for instance for a 3pF loaded capacitance, the antenna operates at 0.78-0.81 GHz. The upper band is controlled by the dipole resonance and depending on the loaded capacitance it operates at different wide bands between 1.15-2 GHz. The proposed method enables the size of the antenna to be reduced by more than 50% compared to existing Yagi antennas with peak gain and front-to-back ratio values of 5.5 dBi and 10 dB, respectively. A sample design of a three-element printed Yagi antenna whose director is loaded with MNG unit cells is presented as a proof-of-concept.
Smart grid research and development platform (2010)

For several years the Fraunhofer Application Center for Systems Engineering has been running the "ICT-Energy-Lab".It is based on state of the art information and communication technology (ICT) and used to investigate issues of current and future energy supply.Within a funding program of
Modeling heterogeneity in random graphs through latent space models: a\n selective review (2014)

We present a selective review on probabilistic modeling of heterogeneity in\nrandom graphs. We focus on latent space models and more particularly on\nstochastic block models and their extensions that have undergone major\ndevelopments in the last five years.\n
Studies on apple canker disease. The necrotic toxins produced by Valsa ceratosperma. (1982)

Several metabolites responsible for the toxic manifestations of Valsa ceratosperma (Toda et Fries) Maire, a phytopathogenic fungus of the Japanese apple canker, have been isolated from its culture filtrate after growth on apple branch extract. Chemical and spectrometric studies revealed the products to be degradation products of phlorizin which is a dominant component distributed in leaves, stems, fruits and roots of apple. The toxic substances were identified as 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, phloroglucinol, p-hydroxyacetophenone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. All of these compounds except p-hydroxyacetophenone were detected in the lesions of apple trees infected by V. ceratosperma. The fungus cultivated in a medium containing added phlorizin also produced the five toxic substances mentioned above. These results suggest that phlorizin is involved in the specific relationship between the host and the pathogen, indicating that the degradation products of phlorizin play important roles in the production of symptoms of infected apple trees.
Biomedical applications: From data capture to modeling (2012)

Just as calculus helps physicists understand and model the mechanical world, computational models can help us model complex biological systems and reason and make predictions about them. Computer graphics and visualization techniques and algorithms—from modeling to physically based animation—make this process possible. This special issue is dedicated to the multidisciplinary effort needed to build, verify, and understand biological models.