gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital hybrid ripple-based constant on-time control for voltage regulator modules (2011)

This paper presents a digital hybrid ripple-based constant on-time control scheme for voltage regulator modules (VRMs). Due to the sampling effects of the digital implementation, the stability issue becomes worse than the analog ripple-based control schemes, especially when low-ESR decoupling capacitors are used as the output filter. In order to stabilize the system and to fulfill the output impedance requirement of adaptive voltage positioning (AVP), a hybrid ramp compensation strategy, which includes the external ramp and the estimated current ramp, is proposed. The small-signal model of the proposed architecture is derived to provide the design guideline for the ramp compensation gains and the number of output and decoupling capacitors. Besides, only low sampling-rate Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are required to sample the input voltage, the output voltage, and the average current making the proposed architecture compatible with the cost/complexity constraints of VRM applications. Simulation and experimental results show that the ripple-based control can achieve high-bandwidth performance, and the proposed digital control architecture can fulfill the AVP design requirements of single-phase VRMs.
Reduced vascular trauma after temporary occlusion with modified biemer and yasargil clips (1981)

The Biemer and Yasargil microvascular clips that are currently available commercially can traumatize the vascular endothelium. In an effort to resolve this problem, both clip designs were structurally modified by changing the length, width, and surface of the clip blades in various ways. Also, the occlusion force of the clips was set at either 15 or 30 g. Studies on the carotid arteries of 140 rats showed a correlation between the structural and mechanical alterations of the clips and the degree of endothelial trauma produced by temporary occlusion for 1 hour. The most favorable results were obtained with a Biemer clip that had long, wide, smooth blades and an occluding force of 15 g.
Relationship between Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain, Invasive Hemodynamics, and Functional Assessment in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2015)

RVLS correlates with functional and invasive hemodynamic parameters in PAH patients. Decrease of mPAP and PVR as a result of treatment was associated with improvement of RVLS.
Overexpression of Thioredoxin-1 Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Placenta of Transgenic Mice and Promotes Fetal Growth via Glucose Metabolism (2008)

Oxidative stress occurs where there is an imbalance between the production and scavenging of free radicals. Pregnancy per se is a state of oxidative stress due to the increased metabolic activity of placental mitochondria and reduced scavenging ability of antioxidant systems. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species may be associated with impaired fetal growth. However, the physiological influence of antioxidant systems on fetal growth is not well understood. In this study we assessed the effects of antioxidant systems on fetal growth using human thioredoxin (hTRX)-1 overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice. Tg or C57BL/6 [wild-type (WT)] male mice were mated with WT female mice, and dams were killed to obtain the fetuses and placentas on gestational d 15. Tg fetuses were significantly heavier than WT fetuses, whereas placental weight did not differ significantly between the two groups. Immunohistochemically, hTRX-1 was localized to the nuclei of labyrinthine trophoblasts in Tg mice. In addition, placental expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, which reflects DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, was reduced in Tg mice compared with WT mice. Placental expression of glucose transporter-1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in Tg mice than WT mice, whereas no significant differences were observed for glucose transporter-3, IGF, and IGF-binding protein mRNA expression. These results suggest that placental and/or systemic antioxidant systems can influence fetal growth. In particular, increased hTRX-1 activity and the resulting modified placental redox state may play an important role in fetal growth by increasing the availability of glucose.
309 Achieving Heavier Market Weights, with Similar Feed Efficiency, in Gilts Administered Improves (2022)

Abstract Previous reports indicate that gilts administered Improvest will have an increased ADFI, ADG, and heavier market weights. Feeder type may influence growth performance and feed efficiency. Prior to the initiation of this study, pigs were placed into pens with two different feeder types at weaning (wet/dry shelf feeders and 4-hole dry feeders). Our objective was to determine grow-finish production parameters within a feeder type. Our null hypothesis was that Improvest would not impact ADFI, ADG, or feed efficiency. Pigs (63 days of age; d0 of the study) were weighed, and pens were randomized to treatment within a feeder type (20 pens/treatment; 27 gilts/pen). The first Improvest dose was administered on d7 and the second dose administered on d67. Weights were obtained at each dietary phase change, and prior to each marketing. The heaviest 8 gilts/pen were marketed 22 days post second dose (PSD), heaviest 8 gilts/pen at 37 days PSD, and all remaining gilts marketed at 50 days PSD. The phenotypes were similar between the 2 feeder types. Prior to the 2nd dose of Improvest, ADFI, ADG, and weights were similar between Improvest-treated and control gilts. After the 2nd dose, ADFI, ADG, and live weights were increased in Improvest gilts. Feed efficiency (G:F) was similar at all times between treatment groups. There was an increased (P ≤ 0.05) market weight and carcass weight for Improvest-treated gilts; however, this was driven by gilts marketed at 37- and 50-days PSD, as weights were similar for Improvest and control gilts 22 days PSD. Feed efficiency was similar with Improvest administration in gilts. To optimize the impacts of Improvest, marketing times should be considered when planning the Improvest administration schedule, as the weight advantages were not realized until after the first marketing cut.
Direct-to-Patient Survey for Diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (2018)

Given the high incidence of dizziness and its frequent misdiagnosis, we aim to create a clinical support system to classify the presence or absence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with high accuracy and specificity. This paper describes a three-phase study currently underway for classification of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, which includes diagnosis by a specialist in a clinical setting. Patient background information is collected by a survey on an Android tablet and machine learning techniques are applied for classification. Decision trees and wrappers are employed for their ability to provide information about the question set. One goal of the study is to attain an optimal question set. Each phase of the study presents a unique set and style of questions. Results achieved in the first two phases of the survey indicate that our approach using decision trees with filters or wrappers does a good job of identifying benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Giant magneto-impedance in Co-rich amorphous wires and films (1995)

A comprehensive analysis of magneto impedance (MI) phenomena in Co-rich amorphous materials is presented on the basis of skin effect in combination with dynamical magnetization processes. We consider a MI effect for which the domain walls are perpendicular to the current and field direction. Thus, the magnetization induced by current proceeds, via both the wall movement and moment rotation. The magnetic responses of impedance in wires and films have some common features and can be understood from the same mechanism. The sensitivity of the magnetic response in a small sample (1 mm length and a few micrometer thickness) is about 10%/Oe in wires and 5%/Oe in films. The model describes well the existing experimental data for moderate frequencies, There is some quantitative discrepancy for the case of a very strong skin effect, where the position dependence of basic magnetostatic parameters is important.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Physiological and Histopathological Response of Dogs to Exchange Transfusion with Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Bovine Hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) (1996)

The performance of polyethylene glycol-modified bovine hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) was evaluated in dogs following the replacement of 30% or 50% of their blood volume with PEG-Hb or lactated Ringer's solution (LRS). Dogs fully instrumented with catheters and blood pressure probes were transfused by simultaneous bleeding from the jugular vein and infusion of PEG-Hb or LRS via the cephalic vein. Animals were monitored for abnormal behavior and clinical signs for fourteen days. No mortalities, overt toxicity, changes in body weight, food consumption or ophthalmology, or discernable trends in hematology, blood chemistry coagulation, urinalysis or hemodynamic parameters that could be attributed to PEG-Hb were noted. Blood gas analyses were steady and within physiological ranges. Dose-related histopathological findings of vacuolated histiocytes in the femoral bone marrow, splenic parenchyma, the medulla of the mesenteric and mandibular lymph nodes, and vacuolated sinusoidal cells in the liver and the renal tubular epithelial cells were believed to be related to the phagocytosis and degradation of PEG-Hb by the reticulo-endothelial system. The maintenance of high oxygen levels in the circulation for the two-week treatment period, as well as the insignificant physiological and histopathological findings indicate that PEG-Hb could be a successful blood substitute.
Current status and influencing factors of oral health behavior among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City (2014)

Objective
To explore the current status and influencing factors of oral health knowledge and behavior among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City.


Methods
A total of 600 elderly individuals were selected by multi- stage stratified cluster random sampling and interviewed with a self- designed questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and oral health knowledge and behavior. The status and influencing factors of oral health behavior were analyzed by single and multiple-factor analysis methods.


Results
A questionnaire survey was conducted among 600 elderly residents, with a response rate of 99.3%(596/600)and an effective response rate of 94.1%(561/600). The rate of good oral hygiene was 50.4%. Those elderly with different age, education level, medical insurance and oral hygiene showed significant difference in qualified rate of oral health behavior(χ2 values were 10.79, 21.32, 5.72 and 16.33, respectively; all P<0.05). In Logistic regression model, education level was positively correlated with oral health behavior among the elderly, and the qualified rate of oral health behavior of the elderly with education level of junior school or above was 2.69 times higher than that of illiterate elderly(χ2=10.53, P= 0.001).


Conclusion
The awareness rate of oral health knowledge among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City is at a relatively higher level, though oral health behavior is moderate. Age, education level, medical insurance and oral hygiene could be impacting factors of oral health behavior.


Key words: 
Aged; Oral health; Behavior
<title>From microfluidics to nanofluidics: DNA separation using nanofluidic entropic trap array device</title> (2000)

Fluidic devices with sub-micrometer dimensions provide new opportunities in manipulation and analysis of various biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). As an example of such devices, a microchannel with an array of entropic traps is introduced. The existence of sub-100nm constriction causes long double-stranded DNA molecules to be entropically trapped, and the length-dependent escape of DNA from the trap enables a band separation of DNA. Entropic traps are also used to manipulate and collect many DNA molecules into a narrow, well-defined initial band for electrophoresis launching. In addition to its speed and compactness, another important advantage of this artifical separation device over conventional gel electrophoresis is the ability to modify and control the device precisely for the optimization of a separation process. The similar device could be used to analyze proteins or other biopolymers.
Role of Temperature and Pressure on the Multisensitive Multiferroic Dicyanamide Framework [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] with Perovskite-like Structure (2015)

A multistimuli response to temperature and pressure is found in the hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite-like [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] compound, which is related to a first-order structural phase transition near room temperature, Tt ≈ 330 K. This phase transition involves a transformation from room temperature polymorph I, with the noncentrosymmetric space group P4̅21c, to the high temperature polymorph II, with the centrosymmetric space group I4/mcm, and it implies ionic displacements, order-disorder phenomena, and a large and anisotropic thermal expansion (specially along the c-axis). As a consequence, [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] exhibits a dielectric anomaly, associated with the change from a cooperative to a noncooperative electric behavior (antiferroelectric (AFE)-paraelectric (PE) transition). The former implies an AFE distribution of electric dipoles in polymorph I, related to the described off-shift of the apolar TPrA cations and the order-disorder of the polar dca ligands mechanisms, that are different from those reported, up to now, for others perovskite-type hybrid compounds. Such cooperative electric order, below Tt ≈ 330 K, coexisting with long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below T = 2.1 K render the [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] a new type-I multiferroic material. In addition, the obtained experimental results reveal that this compound is also a multistimuli-responsive material, with a very large sensitivity toward temperature and applied external pressure, δTt/δP ≈ 24 K kbar(-1), even for small values of pressure (P < 2 kbar). Therefore, this material opens up a potential interest for future technological applications, such as temperature/pressure sensing.
The triangle teacher – pupil – knowledge in e-learning environment (2003)

Our proposal starts from the study of the epistemological statute of the didactics of the mathematics (Henry, 1991; D’Amore, 1999), which faces the phenomenon of learning fromthe point of view of fundaments, in order to give useful and specific considerations for e-learning environment. In particular we will focus on how the triangle teacher-pupil-knowledge changes when we use e-learning platforms.
Real-Time 3-D Human Body Tracking using Variable Length Markov Models (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a 3-D human-body tracker capable of handling fast and complex motions in real-time. The parameter space, augmented with first order derivatives, is automatically partitioned into Gaussian clusters each representing an elementary motion: hypothesis propagation inside each cluster is therefore accurate and efficient. The transitions between clusters use the predictions of a Variable Length Markov Model which can explain highlevel behaviours over a long history. Using Monte-Carlo methods, evaluation of model candidates is critical for both speed and robustness. We present a new evaluation scheme based on volumetric reconstruction and blobs-fitting, where appearance models and image evidences are represented by Gaussian mixtures. We demonstrate the application of our tracker to long video sequences exhibiting rapid and diverse movements.
Reasoning about Temporal Relatio A Maximal Tractable Su of Alllen's Interval Algebra* (1994)

We introduce a new subclass of Allen’s interval algebra we call “ORD-Horn subclass,” which is a strict superset of the “pointisable subclass.” We prove that reasoning in the ORD-Horn subclass is a polynomial-time problem and show that the path-consistency method is sufficient for deciding satisfiability. Further, using an extensive machine-generated case analysis, we show that the ORD-Horn subclass is a maximal tractable subclass of the full algebra (assuming P#NP). In fact, it is the unique greatest tractable subclass amongst the subclasses that contain all basic relations.
Identification and gene structure of an azurin-like protein with a lipoprotein signal peptide in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1987)

We have determined the DNA sequence of a cloned gonococcal gene and found that the predicted protein sequence is highly homologous to the class of blue copper-containing proteins known as azurins. However, the 127 amino acid sequence homologous to azurin is preceded by two unusual structural features. The gene possesses a typical 17 residue lipoprotein signal peptide and the N-terminal 39 amino acids are very rich in proline and alanine. The azurin gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has recently been characterized and possesses an ordinary signal peptide susceptible to signal peptidase I, causing export of a soluble protein to the periplasm. In gonococcus it would appear that the homologous product becomes an outer membrane protein.
A Concise Paradigm for the Construction of Amide Linker of 2,7-Diamidoanthraquinone Derivatives as Potential Telomerase Inhibitors (2007)

A series of 2,7-bis(aminoalkanamido) anthraquinones have been synthesized by treatment of the corresponding bis (haloalkanamido) derivatives with appropriate amines. We have previously described a series of 1,4-,1,5-,1,8- and 2,6-difunctionalized anthraquinones, which exhibit different spectra of potency, together with human telomerase evaluation. A representative compounds in the series have been examined by their NMR spectroscopic study and some indications of structural identification have been discerned. The present study details the preparation of further, distinct series of symmetrical substituent on the 2,7-position regioisomeric difunctionalized amidoanthraquinone and SAR optimization will be reported in due course.
Monte Carlo and analytic modeling of an Elekta Infinity linac with Agility MLC: Investigating the significance of accurate model parameters for small radiation fields (2018)

Accurate modeling of the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of the primary photon source as well as the MLC leaf design (leaf bank rotation, etc.) is essential for accurate calculations of dose delivered by small radiation fields when using virtual source or MC models of the beam.
Super‐Hydrophobic PDMS Surface with Ultra‐Low Adhesive Force (2005)

Abstract Summary: Rough polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface containing micro‐, submicro‐ and nano‐composite structures was fabricated using a facile one‐step laser etching method. Such surface shows a super‐hydrophobic character with contact angle higher than 160° and sliding angle lower than 5°, i.e. self‐cleaning effect like lotus leaf. The wettabilities of the rough PDMS surfaces can be tunable by simply controlling the size of etched microstructures. The adhesive force between etched PDMS surface and water droplet is evaluated, and the structure effect is deduced by comparing it with those own a single nano‐ or micro‐scale structures. This super‐hydrophobic PDMS surface can be widely applied to many areas such as liquid transportation without loss, and micro‐pump (creating pushing‐force) needless micro‐fluidic devices. Etched PDMS surface containing micro‐, submicro‐, and nano‐composite structures shows a self‐cleaning effect with water CA as high as 162° and SA lower than 5°. magnified image Etched PDMS surface containing micro‐, submicro‐, and nano‐composite structures shows a self‐cleaning effect with water CA as high as 162° and SA lower than 5°.
Pause‐dependent mitral isthmus conduction block during ablation of the mitral isthmus: What is the mechanism? (2020)

Mitral isthmus (MI) ablation is commonly performed as an adjunct therapy to pulmonary isolation during the treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation. Confirmation of complete MI block is essential because an incomplete MI block may result in iatrogenic atrial tachycardia. However, there are several pitfalls in the diagnosis of an MI line block. We herein report a case of transient pause-dependent MI block during MI ablation.
Self-curing polyimide foam (1980)

Chemical formulation produces foamed polyimide plastic without externalheat. Foam is less dense and more flame and acid resistant than conventional polyimide foams. Self curing foam can be formed onsite in limitedaccess locations where application of heat is difficult or impossible.
A neural-network approach for semiconductor wafer post-sawing inspection (2002)

Semiconductor wafer post-sawing requires full inspection to assure defect-free outgoing dies. A defect problem is usually identified through visual judgment by the aid of a scanning electron microscope. By this means, potential misjudgment may be introduced into the inspection process due to human fatigue. In addition, the full inspection process can incur significant personnel costs. This research proposed a neural-network approach for semiconductor wafer post-sawing inspection. Three types of neural networks: backpropagation, radial basis function network, and learning vector quantization, were proposed and tested. The inspection time by the proposed approach was less than one second per die, which is efficient enough for a practical application purpose. The pros and cons for the proposed methodology in comparison with two other inspection methods, visual inspection and feature extraction inspection, are discussed. Empirical results showed promise for the proposed approach to solve real-world applications. Finally, we proposed a neural-network-based automatic inspection system framework as future research opportunities.
Estrogens Protect against High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Mice (2009)

Although corroborating data indicate that estrogens influence glucose metabolism through the activation of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), it has not been established whether this pathway could represent an effective therapeutic target to fight against metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). To this end, we first evaluated the influence of chronic 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration in wild-type ovariectomized mice submitted to either a normal chow diet or a HFD. Whereas only a modest effect was observed in normal chow diet-fed mice, E2 administration exerted a protective effect against HFD-induced glucose intolerance, and this beneficial action was abolished in ERalpha-deficient mice. Furthermore, E2 treatment reduced HFD-induced insulin resistance by 50% during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies and improved insulin signaling (Akt phosphorylation) in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscles. Unexpectedly, we found that E2 treatment enhanced cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA expression induced by HFD in the liver and visceral adipose tissue. Interestingly, although the proinflammatory effect of E2 was abolished in visceral adipose tissue from chimeric mice grafted with bone marrow cells from ERalpha-deficient mice, the beneficial effect of the hormone on glucose tolerance was not altered, suggesting that the metabolic and inflammatory effects of estrogens can be dissociated. Eventually comparison of sham-operated with ovariectomized HFD-fed mice demonstrated that endogenous estrogens levels are sufficient to exert a full protective effect against insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In conclusion, the regulation of the ERalpha pathway could represent an effective strategy to reduce the impact of high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes.