gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling MOS snapback and parasitic bipolar action for circuit-level ESD and high-current simulations (1997)

The design and optimization of ESD protection circuits is greatly enhanced by the ability to perform circuit-level simulations of the protection circuits and the I/O buffers. Most available simulators do not cover the high current region of the circuit operation, but still enable an approximate analysis to be made of the behaviour under ESD conditions. In this article, a description of the behaviour of the MOS device in the high current regime is presented together with the model equations governing that behaviour. The equations have been implemented into a SPICE circuit simulator, and the experimental and simulation results are given. A simple parameter extraction methodology is presented that uses the terminal currents from a single MOS DC I-V curve to obtain all the MOS and bipolar parameters required for the model.
Is Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Necessary to Confirm Device Position for Femoral-Sided Cortical Suspensory Fixation during Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? (2019)

Increased laxity within the graft construct system can lead to graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Suboptimal cortical device positioning could lead to increased laxity within the system, which could influence the mechanics and function of the graft reconstruction. This study evaluates the benefit of intraoperative fluoroscopy to confirm device position on the femur during ACL reconstruction using cortical suspensory fixation. One hundred consecutive patients who underwent soft tissue ACL reconstruction using a suspensory cortical device for femoral fixation were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were split into two groups: Group A utilized anteromedial portal visualization and had intraoperative fluoroscopic imaging performed at the time of ACL graft fixation to confirm femoral device placement on the lateral femoral metaphyseal cortex. Group B utilized anteromedial portal visualization alone. Both groups had radiographic X-rays performed at the first postoperative visit to evaluate device location and all images were independently evaluated by three fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons. Device position was classified as optimal if there was complete apposition of the entire device against the femoral cortex and suboptimal if it was > 2 mm off the cortex. Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare the groups for statistical significance. The results showed 0/60 (0%) patients in group A had suboptimal device position at postoperative follow-up, while 4/40 (10%) patients in group B had suboptimal device position (<i>p</i> = 0.013). There were no graft failures in group A and one graft failure in group B. There was a significant difference in cortical device position in patients who had intraoperative fluoroscopic imaging versus patients who had no intraoperative imaging. The use of confirmatory intraoperative imaging may be beneficial to confirm appropriate device location when using a femoral cortical suspensory fixation technique for ACL reconstruction.
A 5-Gb/s 0.25-μm CMOS jitter-tolerant variable-interval oversampling clock/data recovery circuit (2002)

This paper describes a clock/data recovery circuit (CDR) incorporating a variable-interval 3/spl times/-oversampling method for enhanced high-frequency jitter tolerance. The CDR traces the eye-opening region to place the data-sampling clock exactly at the center of the data eye, responding to the shape and magnitude of jitter. A sampler with a pair of input-holding switches enables high-speed data sampling with reduced dynamic offset voltage. From the linearized model of the phase detector, the loop dynamics of the CDR are analyzed. Integrated in a single-chip transceiver with 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the CDR operates at a data rate of 5 Gb/s. The CDR shows a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -13/ when the magnitude of data jitter reaches 60.5% of bit time.
Partial discharge diagnostics for gas insulated substations (1995)

A defect such as a free metallic particle or stress-raising edge on an electrode could lead to breakdown in a gas insulated substation (GIS), but may be detected by the partial discharges it generates. Of the various detection means available, most success has been achieved with either acoustic transducers to detect sound waves from the discharge, or electrical couplers to pick up the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) signals generated inside the GIS chambers. All new GIS in the UK are fitted with internal couplers for UHF monitoring, and two examples of continuous monitoring schemes on 400 kV GIS at nuclear power stations are described. Further developments, which are already well advanced, include specifying and measuring the coupler characteristics, making use of expert systems to interpret the UHF discharge data, and extending the monitoring system to include the performance of circuit breakers and other equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microbiome diversity, composition and assembly in a California citrus orchard (2023)

The citrus root and rhizosphere microbiomes have been relatively well described in the literature, especially in the context of Huanglonbing disease. Yet questions addressing the assembly of root microbial endophytes have remained unanswered. In the above ground tree tissues, leaves and stems have been the research focus point, while flush and flower microbiomes, two important tissues in the vegetative and reproductive cycles of the tree, are not well described. In this study, the fungal and bacterial taxa in five biocompartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere, root endosphere, flower and flush) of citrus trees grown in a single California orchard were profiled using an amplicon-based metagenomic Illumina sequencing approach. Trees with no observable signs of abiotic or biotic stresses were sampled for two consecutive years during the floral development phase. The rhizosphere was the most biodiverse compartment compared to bulk soil, root endosphere, flower and flush microbiomes. In addition, the belowground bacteriome was more diverse than the mycobiome. Microbial richness decreased significantly from the root exosphere to the endosphere and was overall low in the above ground tissues. Root endophytic microbial community composition shared strong similarities to the rhizosphere but also contained few taxa from above ground tissues. Our data indicated compartmentalization of the microbiome with distinct profiles between above and below ground microbial communities. However, several taxa were present across all compartments suggesting the existence of a core citrus microbiota. These findings highlight key microbial taxa that could be engineered as biopesticides and biofertilizers for citriculture.
Scaling Potential of Local Redox Processes in Memristive SrTiO 3 Thin-Film Devices The authors discuss the spatial extension of switching processes in oxide-based memristors. (2012)

In this work, we address the following question: Where do the resistive switching processes take place in memristive thin-film devices of the single crystalline model material Fe-doped SrTiO3? We compare resistive switching induced by the tip of the atomic force microscope on the bare thin-film surface with the switching properties observed in memristive devices with Pt top electrode. In order to close the gap between these two approaches, we combine conductive- tip atomic force microscopy with a delamination technique to remove the top electrode of Fe-doped SrTiO3 metal-insulator- metal (MIM) structures to gain insight into the active switching interface with nanoscale lateral resolution. This enables us to prove the coexistence of a filamentary and area-dependent switching process with opposite switching polarities in the same sample. The spatially resolved analysis by transmission electron microscopy and photoelectron spectromicroscopy gives us some hints that the two switching types take place in device regions with different defect density and significant stoichiometry difference.
English short stories (1998)

A collection of English short stories taken from the Victorian age. Authors featured include Wilkie Collins, Joseph Conrad, Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Gaskell, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling.
The effect of thermoelastic internal friction on the Q of micromachined silicon resonators (1990)

Resonator damping measurements made on flexural beams micromachined from single-crystal silicon are described. A theoretical analysis of thermoelastic internal friction that accurately predicts the measurements that were taken is described. The results of these tests show that thermoelastic internal friction is a fundamental damping mechanism that can determine the quality of high-Q resonators over a range of operating conditions. Single-crystal silicon beams were tested under vacuum conditions over a range of frequencies from 80 kHz to 1.6 MHz and over a range of temperatures from 300 K to 400 K. measured values of Q varied from 10000 to more than 70000 and showed good agreement with theoretical estimates of thermoelastic internal friction. It is concluded that thermoelastic internal friction is a measurable phenomenon in micromachined flexures and should be considered when designing, testing, and evaluating miniature resonators for solid-state sensors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formation of triumphene, C60F15Ph3: first member of a new trefoil-shaped class of phenylated [60]fullerenes (1998)

Reaction of C60F18 with benzene/FeCl3 during two weeks at room temperature produces the phenylated trefoil-shaped derivative C60F15Ph3; higher reaction temperatures produce C60Ph18 from replacement of all fluorines by phenyl groups.
Transport block error rates for UTRA-FDD downlink with transmission diversity and turbo coding (2003)

The transport block error rate (BLER) is an important indicator of the link quality in UTRA. For every kind of service in UTRA a BER or BLER threshold, that still satisfies the desired quality, can be specified. Then, the target E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for that service is the mean E/sub b//N/sub 0/ necessary to guarantee the specified BER or BLER threshold. The knowledge of the target E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for different services and propagation environments is fundamental for setting the outer loop in the power control algorithms, for system capacity calculations, for system planning and for radio resource management (RRM) in general. This paper presents simulation results of the downlink BER and BLER versus E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for different services and propagation environments. UTRA services are characterized by means of the radio access bearer (RAB) tables as specified by 3GPP. Results focus on several relevant RAB, which make use of turbo coding techniques.
Hoisting-Loop in Bacterial Multidrug Exporter AcrB Is a Highly Flexible Hinge That Enables the Large Motion of the Subdomains (2017)

The overexpression of RND-type exporters is one of the main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative pathogens. In RND transporters, such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>'s main efflux pump AcrB, drug efflux occurs in the porter domain, while protons flow through the transmembrane domain: remote conformational coupling. At the border of a transmembrane helix (TM8) and subdomain PC2, there is a loop which makes a hoisting movement by a random-coil-to-α-helix change, and opens and closes a drug channel entrance. This loop is supposed to play a key role in the allosteric conformational coupling between the transmembrane and porter domain. Here we show the results of a series of flexibility loop-mutants of AcrB. We determined the crystal structure of a three amino acid truncated loop mutant, which is still a functional transporter, and show that the short α-helix between Cβ15 and the loop unwinds to a random coil in the access and binding monomers and in the extrusion monomer it makes a partially stretched coil-to-helix change. The loop has undergone compensatory conformational changes and still facilitates the opening and closing of the channel. In addition, more flexible mutated loops (proline mutated and significantly elongated) can still function during export. The flexibility in this region is however limited, as an even more truncated mutant (six amino acid deletion) becomes mostly inactive. We found that the hoisting-loop is a highly flexible hinge that enables the conformational energy transmission passively.
4‐Ethylpyridine (2003)

Abstract 4‐Ethylpyridine product: 4‐ethylpyridine product: 4‐propylpyridine product: 4‐ n ‐butylpyridine product: 4‐isobutylpyridine product: 4‐isoamylpyridine product: 4‐ n ‐octylpyridine
Noise, noise sensitivity and psychiatric disorder: epidemiological and psychophysiological studies (1992)

Noise, a prototypical environmental stressor, has clear health effects in causing hearing loss but other health effects are less evident. Noise exposure may lead to minor emotional symptoms but the evidence of elevated levels of aircraft noise leading to psychiatric hospital admissions and psychiatric disorder in the community is contradictory. Despite this there are well documented associations between noise exposure and changes in performance, sleep disturbance and emotional reactions such as annoyance. Moreover, annoyance is associated with both environmental noise level and psychological and physical symptoms, psychiatric disorder and use of health services. It seems likely that existing psychiatric disorder contributes to high levels of annoyance. However, there is also the possibility that tendency to annoyance may be a risk factor for psychiatric morbidity. Although noise level explains a significant proportion of the variance in annoyance, the other major factor, confirmed in many studies, is subjective sensitivity to noise. Noise sensitivity is also related to psychiatric disorder. The evidence for noise sensitivity being a risk factor for psychiatric disorder would be greater if it were a stable personality characteristic, and preceded psychiatric morbidity. The stability of noise sensitivity and whether it is merely secondary to psychiatric disorder or is a risk factor for psychiatric disorder as well as annoyance is examined in two studies in this monograph: a six-year follow-up of a group of highly noise sensitive and low noise sensitive women; and a longitudinal study of depressed patients and matched control subjects examining changes in noise sensitivity with recovery from depression. A further dimension of noise effects concerns the impact of noise on the autonomic nervous system. Most physiological responses to noise habituate rapidly but in some people physiological responses persist. It is not clear whether this sub-sample is also subjectively sensitive to noise and whether failure to habituate to environmental noise may also represent a biological indicator of vulnerability to psychiatric disorder. In these studies noise sensitivity was found to be moderately stable and associated with current psychiatric disorder and a disposition to negative affectivity. Noise sensitivity levels did fall with recovery from depression but still remained high, suggesting an underlying high level of noise sensitivity. Noise sensitivity was related to higher tonic skin conductance and heart rate and greater defence/startle responses during noise exposure in the laboratory. Noise sensitive people attend more to noises, discriminate more between noises, find noises more threatening and out of their control, and react to, and adapt to noises more slowly than less noise sensitive people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Arthralgia associated with calcium-channel blockers (2000)

Journal Article Arthralgia associated with calcium-channel blockers Get access Kelly M. Smith, Pharm.D. Kelly M. Smith, Pharm.D. Drug Information Specialist and Clinical Assistant Professor University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, C117, Lexington, KY 40536-0293 Presented at the ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, December 10, 1998 (ksmit1@pop.uky.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 57, Issue 1, 1 January 2000, Pages 55–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/57.1.55 Published: 01 January 2000
Improving electronic properties and mechanical stability of Yb14MnSb11 via W compositing (2019)

Many of the missions proposed and successfully completed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration seek to scientifically investigate remote locations in our solar system, in particular to better understand the origin, evolution and structure of planetary systems. Long-lived, robust power systems are a fundamental capability for such missions, and radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) have proven to be a reliable power for exploration missions in deep space for the past 50 years. With increasing power needs for future missions, the improvement of thermoelectric materials’ conversion efficiency is necessary. In this paper, we show how compositing with inert metallic inclusions can be efficiently used to improve the electronic properties of Yb14MnSb11. In this study, we found that the power factor of the p-type high temperature material, Yb14MnSb11, increases from ∼8 to ∼11.5 μW cm−1 K−2 when composited with 5 vol. % W particles. At the same time, the composite samples have a higher thermal conductivity and, therefore, the final zT remains unchanged (∼1.3 at 1273 K). Preliminary hardness tests indicated a qualitative increase in mechanical robustness for the tungsten composite samples. These results can play a relevant role in device design and performance, improving the thermoelectric impedance matching for leg segmentation and helping overcome the intrinsic brittleness of high temperature ceramics such as Yb14MnSb11 for advanced device fabrication.
Low-voltage C60 organic field-effect transistors with high mobility and low contact resistance (2008)

State-of-the-art C60 organic transistors are reported here by engineering the essential electrode/semiconductor and dielectric/semiconductor interfaces. By using calcium (Ca) as the source and drain electrodes, the width-normalized contact resistance (RCW) at the electrode/semiconductor interface could be reduced to a constant value of 2 kΩ cm at a gate-source voltage (VGS) of 2.6 V, for devices with channel lengths ranging from 25 to 200 μm. Channel transconductance is observed to follow channel length scaling, and charge mobility average value of 2.5 cm2/Vs at VGS&amp;lt;5 V is found independent of channel length within the studied range.
Kinship analysis on single cells after whole genome amplification (2020)

Short Tandem Repeat (STR-) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP-) genotyping have been extensively studied within forensic kinship analysis. Nevertheless, no results have been reported on kinship analysis after whole genome amplification (WGA) of single cells. This WGA step is a necessary procedure in several applications, such as cell-based non-invasive prenatal testing (cbNIPT) and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). In cbNIPT, all putative fetal cells must be discriminated from maternal cells after enrichment from whole blood. This study investigates the efficacy and evidential value of STR- and SNP-genotyping methods for the discrimination of 24 single cells after WGA, within three families. Formaldehyde-fixed and unfixed cells are assessed in offspring-parent duos and offspring-mother-father trios. Results demonstrate that both genotyping methods can be used in all tested conditions and scenarios with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, with a similar evidential value for fixed and unfixed cells. Moreover, sequence-based SNP-genotyping results in a higher evidential value than length-based STR-genotyping after WGA, which is not observed using high-quality offspring bulk DNA samples. Finally, it is also demonstrated that the availability of the DNA genotypes of both parents strongly increases the evidential value of the results.
Minimization of the loss of intersecting waveguides in InP-based photonic integrated circuits (1999)

Waveguide intersections contribute significantly to the total loss of complex photonic integrated circuits. A systematic theoretical and experimental investigation into the loss of waveguide intersections in InP-based waveguides is presented, including an approach for minimizing intersection loss. Extremely low loss below 20 mdB per intersection is demonstrated experimentally.
Generation of sequences of ultrashort pulses in erbium doped fibre single ring lasers (1992)

Active and passive mode locking has been observed in an erbium doped fibre single ring laser. Pulse durations as short as 100 fs at a repetition rate of 300 GHz have been measured from an erbium doped fibre amplification stage placed at the output of the fibre ring. The ultrafast regime depends critically on the dynamical evolution of the light polarisation along the cavity.
[Cloning and characterization of a LRR resistance like (GhLRR-RL) protein gene from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)]. (2002)

LRR (Leucine rich repeat) proteins are involved in various biological processes. RACE was used to extend the 5' and 3' unknown sequence of a cDNA-AFLP fragment from cotton ovule, which had sequence similarity to the Arabidopsis thaliana LRR resistance-like (LRR-RL) protein. By joining the sequence of cDNA-AFLP fragment and its 3' and 5' RACE product, it was found that the full-length cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AY040532) of 1259 bp contained an ORF of 987 bp and a putative poly(A) signal. The deduced polypeptide contained 328 amino acids, and consisted of 10 LRRs with extracytoplasmic LRR consensus LXXLXXLXXLXLXXNXGXIPXX. It was demonstrated that the LRR-RL proteins of cotton and A. thaliana were highly homologous, with a distinct structure from other plant LRR proteins, suggesting that LRR-RL proteins belonged to a new LRR protein family. Using 3' RACE, the expression of LRR-RL gene was detected in root, hypocotyls, fiber, and ovules in various developmental stages.
Propagation properties of tapered graded-index waveguides (1996)

Abstract Propagation of light in multimode parabolic-index linear tapers is studied using a geometrical optics approach. Considering a two-dimensional model, ray trajectories are derived analytically for tapers with small angles. Both bound and leaky rays are examined. It is shown that ray trajectories are described by modulated sinusoidal functions with decreasing amplitude and period as light propagates in the direction of decreasing thickness of the taper core, thus gradual concentration of power from the larger area to the smaller one. Radiation loss of tapers when used to connect two multimode optical waveguides with different core areas, and coupling efficiencies when they are used to couple power from collimated-beam and Lambertian light sources to waveguides are determined. Numerical results for ray trajectories illustrating the gradual concentration of light power, radiation loss, coupling efficiency, and improvement in coupling efficiency for collimated-beam illumination and Lambertian sources are presented for an example case.
Comparison of Carisolv system vs traditional rotating instruments for caries removal in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)

This systematic review indicates that the clinical efficacy of chemo-mechanical removal with Carisolv seems as reliable as the rotary instruments. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the heterogeneity among study designs and to the shortage of available data. Further large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed.