gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Optical Properties of Homogeneous Metal and Oxide Nanoparticles along with Double–Layer Nanoparticles with a Metal Core and an Oxide Shell Aimed at Improving the Efficiency of Absorption of Solar Radiation (2019)

Problems related to using nanoparticles for absorption of solar radiation and photothermal nanotechnologies are now being actively studied. The efficiency of using nanoparticles as photothermal agents for solar energy is determined by their spectral optical properties. We performed computer simulation of optical properties of homogeneous metal (nickel, titanium, and molybdenum) nanoparticles and their oxides, along with nanoparticles consisting of a metal core and an oxide shell, with radii in the range from 50 to 100 nm in the spectral interval between 200 and 2500 nm. The influence of nanoparticle radius, the type of metal and its oxide on spectral coefficients of efficiency absorption (Kabs) and scattering (Ksca) of radiation by nanoparticles is investigated. The type of nanoparticles suitable for absorption of solar radiation was chosen based on a comparative analysis of the wavelength dependences of absorption efficiency coefficients Kabs, intensity of solar radiation IS, and parameter P1 = Kabs/Ksca. Spherical double–layer nanoparticles consisting of nickel or titanium core and oxide shells with a radius of 75 or 100 nm can be used in the spectral interval from 200 to 2500 nm for efficient absorption of solar radiation. These results are a substantial contribution to the investigation of optical properties of nanoparticles that can be used in systems of thermal energy.
Refined Structure of the Monoclonal Antibody HyHEL-5 with its Antigen Hen Egg-White Lysozyme (1996)

The crystal structure of the complex of the antibody Fab, HyHEL-5, with its antigen, hen egg-white lysozyme, has been refined at 2.65 A resolution to an R value of 0.196. The resulting model has significantly better stereochemistry than the previously reported model of the complex, PDB reference 2HFL, and sufficiently improved phases, permitting the reliable location of a number of water molecules. No major conformational differences are observed between this structure and that previously reported, although small differences occur throughout the complex. 82 water molecules have been assigned, of which three are in the antibody-antigen interface involved in a hydrogen-bonding network. Three other waters are trapped within the interface between V(H) and V(L) and a fourth water molecule is observed near the interface but buried below the lysozyme surface as observed in crystal structures of lysozyme alone.
Pervaporative Dehydration of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) by Crosslinked Copolymer Membranes (2006)

Three different copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with increasing amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), i.e., PAMHEMA-1, PAMHEMA-2, and PAMHEMA-3, were synthesized and the crosslinked (gelled) copolymer membranes that were made from these sol copolymer solutions (uncrosslinked) were used for pervaporative dehydration of dimethyl formamide (DMF) over the concentration range of 0−13.07 wt % water in feed. These hydrophilic gel copolymer membranes were found to be highly water-selective in both sorption and diffusion through the membranes. The water flux was found to decrease with an increasing degree of crosslinking from PAMHEMA-1 to PAMHEMA-3 membranes. Among the three membranes, the PAMHEMA-3 membrane showed the highest separation factor (464.3) and reasonable flux (23.91 g/(m2 h) for 0.5 wt % of water in the feed) for water, whereas the maximum water flux with high separation factor was exhibited by the PAMHEMA-l membrane (47.45 g/(m2 h) and 263.8 for 0.5 wt % of water in the feed) at 30 °C. When the pervaporation (PV) experiment was performed at 50 °C, the flux was observed to increase manifold with little change in the separation factor (51.03 g/(m2 h) and 369.6 for 0.5 wt % of water in the feed for the PAMHEMA-3 membrane).
Tailoring the Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt Nanoparticles through Surface Defects: A Simple Top-Down Approach (2020)

Results from Pt model catalyst surfaces have demonstrated that surface defects, in particular surface concavities, can improve the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. It is, however, a challenging task to synthesize nanostructured catalysts with such defective surfaces. Hence, we present a one-step and upscalable top-down approach to produce a Pt/C catalyst (with ∼3 nm Pt nanoparticle diameter). Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and tomography, electrochemical techniques, high-energy X-ray measurements, and positron annihilation spectroscopy, we provide evidence of a high density of surface defects (including surface concavities). The ORR activity of the developed catalyst exceeds that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst, at least 2.7 times in terms of specific activity (∼1.62 mA/cm2Pt at 0.9 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode) and at least 1.7 times in terms of mass activity (∼712 mA/mgPt), which can be correlated to the enhanced amount of surface defects. In addition, the technique used here reduces the complexity of the synthesis (and therefore production costs) in comparison to state of the art bottom-up techniques.
Immune response and gut microbiota of mice on a diet mimicking eating habits of elderly with risk of malnutrition development (2021)

The number of elderlies is increasing but prevalence of malnutrition has been reported. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of short-term nutritional deficiencies in mice. Immune status was assessed through flow cytometry of leucocytes in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and intestinal microbiota was evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). C57BL/6NCrl mice fed standard diet (StD) or experimental diet high in fat, and low in carbohydrates, protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals (ExpD) for 2 or 4 weeks. ExpD-animals gained less weight, increased liver lipids, and developed splenomegaly. Diet affected regulatory T-cells, gut homing receptors and TLR2 and TLR4 in PP and MLN and the microbiota was influenced. Partial least squares models on flow cytometry- and T-RFLP data demonstrated correlations between microbial communities and immune phenotyping. Our model shows similarities to malnourished elderly and interactions between intestinal bacteria and the immune system.
Overview of High‐Risk Pregnancy (2012)

With the changing demographics of the United States population, including increasing maternal age and weight during pregnancy, higher rates of pregnancies conceived by artificial reprodutive technologies and increasing numbers of cesarean deliveries, complicated pregnancies have risen. Although most pregnancies are low risk with favorable outcomes, high-risk pregnancies — the subject of this book — may have potentially serious occurrences. We classify any pregnancy in which there is a maternal or fetal factor that may adversely affect the outcome as high risk. In these cases, the likelihood of a positive outcome is significantly reduced. In order to improve the outcome of a high-risk pregnancy, we must identify risk factors and attempt to mitigate problems in pregnancy and labor.
Detection of FH signals based on sliced instantaneous higher-order moments (2005)

We firstly give the definition of the sliced instantaneous higher-order moments (S-IHOM) and address the use of the S-IHOM to represent non-stationary signals, substituted for the use of the instantaneous correlation function (ICK). Then we investigate the application of the S-IHOM in the selection and estimation of FH signals. The approach is based on the phase information of the S-IHOM. Results show the S-IHOM of FH signals is less sensitive to noise than the IFC of KH signals. The proposed scheme is robust to additive white noise degradations for SNR levels of 0 dB and above.
A new syndrome of short stature, joint limitation and muscle hypertrophy (1983)

A further case is presented of a new growth deficiency syndrome first reported by Myre et al. in 1981. The major clinical features are mental retardation, growth deficiency, muscular hypertrophy, joint limitation and abnormal skeletal radiography.
Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted radiosensitization of prostate cancer cells (2014)

One of the many issues of using radiosensitizers in a clinical setting is timing daily radiation treatments to coincide with peak drug concentration in target tissue. To overcome this deficit, we have synthesized a novel nanoparticle (NP) system consisting of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs conjugated with prostate cancer cell penetrating peptide-R11 and encapsulated with a potent radio-sensitizer 8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one (NU7441) to allow prostate cancer-specific targeting and sustained delivery over 3 weeks. Preliminary characterization studies showed that the R11-conjugated NPs (R11-NU7441 NPs) had an average size of about 274 ± 80 nm and were stable for up to 5 days in deionized water and serum. The NPs were cytocompatible with immortalized prostate cells (PZ-HPV-7). Further, the particles showed a bi-phasic release of encapsulated NU7441 and were taken up by PC3 prostate cancer cells in a dose- and magnetic field-dependent manner while not being taken up in nonprostate cancer cell lines. In addition, R11-NU7441 NPs were effective radiation sensitizers of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. These results thus demonstrate the potential of R11-conjugated PLGA NPs as novel platforms for targeted radiosensitization of prostate cancer cells.
Open PISA (2020)

International Large-Scale Assessments (ILSA) have a critical role in shaping education systems around the world. They impact local and national education policy and receive much attention in the media and the public discourse. However, the public has limited access to the results and cannot learn from them. Subsequently, the media might frame the results incorrectly. The transparency of ILSA is essential to the advancement of the public discourse. It requires easy access to data together with simple analysis tools. However, the complexity of ILSA makes it hard to understand and to analyze. Open PISA tries to deal with this challenge by developing a dashboard for the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). It aims to guide users in the analysis of the dataset. This paper describes the dashboard design and insight based on collected users' responses. It hypothesizes that full transparency of the PISA dataset might be not achievable to the entire public. Further research is needed to evaluate how dataset analysis affects users' knowledge and opinions.
Suppression of arousal by progesterone in fetal sheep (1998)

The high rate of progesterone synthesis by the placenta in late gestation exposes the ovine fetus to high concentrations of progesterone and its metabolites that may affect activity of the fetal brain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhibiting maternal progesterone synthesis on sleep-wake activity in fetal sheep. Fetal and maternal vascular catheters, a fetal tracheal catheter, and electrodes for recording fetal electrocortical (ECoG), electro-ocular (EOG) and nuchal muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity were implanted. At 128-131 days gestation, progesterone production was inhibited by an injection of trilostane (50 mg), a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor. Vehicle solution or progesterone (3 mg h(-1)) was then infused into the ewe between 6 and 12 h after the trilostane treatment. Maternal progesterone concentrations were significantly reduced from 1-24 h after trilostane treatment (P < 0.05) when followed by vehicle infusion. Fetal breathing movements (FBM), EOG, nuchal muscle EMG, and behavioural arousal increased 12 h after trilostane treatment (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no change in fetal arousal, EOG, EMG or FBM activities when progesterone was infused after the trilostane treatment. These findings show that progesterone can influence fetal behaviour, and indicates that normal progesterone production tonically suppresses arousal, or wakefulness in the fetus.
Weight, Age and Coefficients of Variation in Renal Solute Excretion (2013)

Intra-individual variation changes over age and weight axes for numerous urinary solutes. Changing residual variance over age and weight could cause bias in the detection or estimation of genetic or environmental effects. New methodologies may need to account for such residual unpredictability, especially in diverse collections.
Normen voor de voedervoorziening (1982)

Op een bedrijf worden veel beslissingen genomen. Dit wordt met behulp van programmeringen en begrotingen gedaan, daarvoor zijn technische en financiele gegevens nodig. Wat betreft de voedervoorziening werd tot de jaren zeventig gewerkt met de netto zetmeelwaardeproduktie van grasland als aanbod en met de voedernormen van het CVB als behoefte, zonder voldoende rekening te houden met de onderlinge samenhang van deze twee grootheden. Een werkgroep heeft daarom voor kalveren, pinken en melkkoeien een groot aantal graslandgebruiksplannen opgesteld. Voor melkkoeien zijn daarin een aantal gebruiksmogelijkheden als alternatieven voor het bedrijf opgenomen, zoals onbeperkt weiden, beperkt weiden en zomerstalvoedering. Algemene uitgangspunten zijn uitvoerig in dit rapport weergegeven. Hiertoe rekenen we grasgroei, kwaliteit van het gras, verliezen bij de benutting en voederopname en -behoefte van het vee. Ook de bewerking van uitgangspunten tot normen wordt behandeld. Zowel van kalveren, pinken, melkkoeien en een combinatie van kalveren en pinken zijn de verkregen kengetallen aan de hand van een voorbeeld toegelicht. De daarmee verkregen normen zijn in tabellen verwerkt. De wijze waarop deze tabellen zijn samengesteld, is eveneens weergegeven
Validation of Human Whole Blood Oximetry, Using a Hyperspectral Fundus Camera with a Model Eye (2011)

There was reasonable agreement between the measured oxygen saturation values and those calculated by the oximetry model. The oximetry model could be used to determine the functional health of the retina.
Computational framework to model and design surgical meshes for hernia repair (2012)

Surgical procedures for hernia surgery are usually performed using prosthetic meshes. In spite of all the improvements in these biomaterials, the perfect match between the prosthesis and the implant site has not been achieved. Thus, new designs of surgical meshes are still being developed. Previous to implantation in humans, the validity of the meshes has to be addressed, and to date experimental studies have been the gold standard in testing and validating new implants. Nevertheless, these procedures involve long periods of time and are expensive. Thus, a computational framework for the simulation of prosthesis and surgical procedures may overcome some disadvantages of the experimental methods. The computational framework includes two computational models for designing and validating the behaviour of new meshes, respectively. Firstly, the beam model, which reproduces the exact geometry of the mesh, is set to design the weave and determine the stiffness of the surgical prosthesis. However, this implies a high computational cost whereas the membrane model, defined within the framework of the large deformation hyperelasticity, is a relatively inexpensive computational tool, which also enables a prosthesis to be included in more complex geometries such as human or animal bodies.
Critical-state model for harmonic generation in high-temperature superconductors (1989)

High-temperature superconductors exhibit harmonic generation when immersed in an ac magnetic field. To explain this phenomenon, we propose a macroscopic critical-state model as an alternative to the loop model used by Jeffries et al. While the original Bean model of the critical state only predicts odd harmonics, our extended model also predicts even harmonics by taking into account the dependence of the critical current upon magnetic field. The results of our measurements of harmonic signals as a function of ac magnetic field, dc magnetic field, temperature, and harmonic number are consistent with the proposed model. In particular, we find that, as the magnetic field is increased, the critical current crosses over from the Bean regime, where ${J}_{c}$ is independent of field, to the Anderson-Kim regime, where ${J}_{c}$ is approximately inversely proportional to the field.
Integrated micro/messenger RNA regulatory networks in essential thrombocytosis (2018)

Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder with an unregulated surplus of platelets. Complications of ET include stroke, heart attack, and formation of blood clots. Although platelet-enhancing mutations have been identified in ET cohorts, genetic networks causally implicated in thrombotic risk remain unestablished. In this study, we aim to identify novel ET-related miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks through comparisons of transcriptomes between healthy controls and ET patients. Four network discovery algorithms have been employed, including (a) Pearson correlation network, (b) sparse supervised canonical correlation analysis (sSCCA), (c) sparse partial correlation network analysis (SPACE), and, (d) (sparse) Bayesian network analysis-all through a combined data-driven and knowledge-based analysis. The result predicts a close relationship between an 8-miRNA set (miR-9, miR-490-5p, miR-490-3p, miR-182, miR-34a, miR-196b, miR-34b*, miR-181a-2*) and a 9-mRNA set (CAV2, LAPTM4B, TIMP1, PKIG, WASF1, MMP1, ERVH-4, NME4, HSD17B12). The majority of the identified variables have been linked to hematologic functions by a number of studies. Furthermore, it is observed that the selected mRNAs are highly relevant to ET disease, and provide an initial framework for dissecting both platelet-enhancing and functional consequences of dysregulated platelet production.
Plasma block acceleration by ps-TW laser irradiation (2004)

Plasma emission or ablation from laser-irradiated targets shows very complicated properties. One novelty was observed at irradiation of neodymium glass laser pulses of ps duration and TW power if there was a very strong suppression of prepulses by a contrast ratio of about 10<sup>8</sup> until 100 ps before the main pulse arrived. The emitted ion maximum energy was more than 50 times below the values observed in all the comparable numerous experiments. The other anomaly is that the number of the fast ions did not change when the laser intensity varied by a factor 30. This permitted a separation of the usual effects of self-focusing and permitted an analysis fully based on simplified plane geometry as a skin layer interaction mechanism. The consequence is that plasma blocks are accelerated by the nonlinear (ponderomotive) force with ion current densities above 10<sup>10</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>. This provides basically new aspects for laser fusion using uncompressed solid DT fuel and a new kind of x-ray laser process may be possible.
Structure-Based Bioisosterism Yields HIV-1 NNRTIs with Improved Drug-Resistance Profiles and Favorable Pharmacokinetic Properties (2020)

The development of efficacious NNRTIs for AIDS therapy commonly encountered the rapid generation of drug-resistant mutations, which becomes a major impediment to effective anti-HIV treatment. Using a structure-based bioisosterism strategy, a series of piperidine-substituted thiophene[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Compound <b>9a</b> yielded the greatest potency, exhibiting significantly better anti-HIV-1 activity than <b>ETR</b> against all of the tested NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 strains. In addition, the phenotypic (cross)resistance of <b>9a</b> and other NRTIs to the different selected HIV-1 strains was evaluated. As expected, no phenotypic cross-resistance against the NRTIs (AZT and PMPA) was observed with the mutant <b>9a</b><sup>res</sup> strain. Furthermore, <b>9a</b> was identified with improved solubility, lower CYP liability, and hERG inhibition. Remarkably, <b>9a</b> exhibited optimal pharmacokinetic properties in rats (<i>F</i> = 37.06%) and safety in mice (LD<sub>50</sub> > 2000 mg/kg), which highlights <b>9a</b> as a promising anti-HIV-1 drug candidate.
Tandem use of X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry to obtain ab initio the complete and exact amino acids sequence of HPBP, a human 38‐kDa apolipoprotein (2007)

The Human Phosphate Binding Protein (HPBP) is a serendipitously discovered apolipoprotein from human plasma that binds phosphate. Amino acid sequence relates HPBP to an intriguing protein family that seems ubiquitous in eukaryotes. These proteins, named DING according to the sequence of their four conserved N-terminal residues, are systematically absent from eukaryotic genome databases. As a consequence, HPBP amino acids sequence had to be first assigned from the electronic density map. Then, an original approach combining X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry provides the complete and a priori exact sequence of the 38-kDa HPBP. This first complete sequence of a eukaryotic DING protein will be helpful to study HPBP and the entire DING protein family.
Incremental time-slot assignment in SS/TDMA satellite systems (1991)

The heterogeneous traffic in this environment can be categorized into a rapidly changing type composed of packet switched data traffic and a relatively static type composed of circuit switched voice traffic. From the time-slot assignment viewpoint, the problem is to construct an efficient TDMA frame that permits the static voice traffic to be transmitted and, then, on a frame-by-frame basis to attempt to insert the data packets into the slots that are unused by the voice traffic. It is proved that the problem is NP-complete, even for very simple traffic configurations. Several suboptimal fast heuristic algorithms are presented and empirically compared by experiments on randomly generated traffic patterns. The experiments reveal that, on the average, the algorithms give close to the optimal performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mode Selective Switch Using Volume Holograms and a Spatial Light Modulator (2019)

We propose a mode selective switch (MSS) using volume holograms and a spatial light modulator to constitute the core of an MDM network. We clarify the characteristics of the MSS for two different spatial modes.
PDOA based indoor visible light positioning system without local oscillators in receiver (2017)

We propose an improved phase difference of arrival (PDOA) scheme for indoor visible light positioning (VLP), which avoids using local oscillators (LOs) at the receiver and synchronization between the transmitters and the receiver. The proposed scheme can considerably reduce system complexity, relax the frequency allocation constraints, and improve the positioning accuracy.
Polymerase chain reaction detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in dental units (2012)

Several genera of amoebae can be found in water from dental units and on the inner surface of waterlines. The presence of bacterial biofilms on these surfaces is thought to favor the proliferation of amoebae. Potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba and Naegleria spp. may be an infection risk for patients through contact with open surgical sites or aerosolization. A polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from pelleted samples showed that Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria spp. were present in water from dental units, suction lines, and suction filters at the dental clinic of the Université de Montréal. Acanthamoeba spp. were detected in 24.2% of 66 samples and Naegleria spp. in 3.0%. We discuss the infection risk associated with these results.
Changes in Intrathoracic Impedance from a Pneumothorax: Insights from an Implanted Monitoring System (2005)

The measurement of transthoracic impedance is now possible using new implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. This can be used to monitor fall in impedance associated with increasing pulmonary oedema. We describe a case of a large rapid increase of impedance and dyspnoea related to a pneumothorax.