gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of wearable ultraviolet radiometers (2017)

In this paper we describe the motivation, challenges, and design methods of miniaturizing UV Index radiometry into a wearable form factor. The UV Index is the standard metric to measure instantaneous UV exposure in a way that is relevant to the human skin. However, unlike FDA regulated sensors like the glucose sensor, there is a currently an absence of specifications for the performance of wearable UV Index radiometers. In this paper, we develop performance metrics based on accuracy and sensitivity, and further evaluate the performance of several commercially available UV Index wearable radiometers on the basis of these metrics. Comparisons to laboratory-grade equipment show that the Shade radiometer is the most accurate and the most sensitive commercially available wearable UV radiometer. Ethics statement: This paper does not describe research involving human or animal subjects and is therefore not subject to review by IRB or IACUC.
Aniline hydrogenolysis on the Pt(111) single crystal surface: Mechanisms for C-N bond activation (1993)

Hydrogenolysis of C-N bond on transition metals is a crucial step in hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions. Despite the overall complexity of HDN processes, the details of important surface reactions can be characterized using model reactions of organonitrogen compounds on single crystal model catalysts. The structure and reactivity of well characterized aniline monolayers on the Pt(111) surface both in vacuum and in the presence of hydrogen is discussed here. Adsorption and reactions of aniline were studied by Gland and Somorjai on the Pt(111) and Pt(100) surfaces, and more recently by Benziger`s group on the Ni(111) and Ni(100) surfaces. On both Pt and Ni surfaces, aniline {pi} bonds through the aromatic ring with its ring parallel to the substrate surface.
Aufbaureaktion Redux: Scalable Production of Precision Hydrocarbons from AlR3 (R=Et or iBu) by Dialkyl Zinc Mediated Ternary Living Coordinative Chain‐Transfer Polymerization (2010)

Die Kraft dreier Metalle: Der schnelle und reversible Kettentransfer zwischen einer aktiven Übergangsmetall-Kettenfortpflanzungsspezies, AlR3 als primärem Ersatz sowie einer katalytischen Menge ZnR2 als sekundärem Ersatz und Kettentransfervermittler ermöglicht die preisgünstige und skalierbare Produktion von Präzisionskohlenwasserstoffen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis of the Benzhydryl Motif via a Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling of Arylboronic Acids and 3-Chloroacrylonitriles (2005)

[reaction: see text] A simple two-step procedure for synthesizing functionalized benzhydrylamines is described. The first step involves a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction between arylboronic acids and 3-chloro-3-arylacrylonitriles at 45 degrees C. A variety of boronic acids and substituted acrylonitriles can be used for the reaction. The resulting 3,3-diaryl-substituted acrylonitriles can be converted into their corresponding Boc-protected amines by catalytic hydrogenation.
7-OH-flavone is sulfated in the human liver and duodenum, whereas 5-OH-flavone and 3-OH-flavone are potent inhibitors of SULT1A1 activity and 7-OH-flavone sulfation rate (2002)

1. The aim of this investigation was to see whether 7-OH-flavone, 5-OH-flavone and 3-OH-flavone, which are present in edible vegetables, fruit and wine, are substrates or inhibitors of human liver and duodenum sulfotransferase. 2. An assay was set up to study the sulfation of 7-OH-flavone, and using this assay, it was observed that 7-OH-flavone was sulfated and the rate of sulfation (mean +/- SD) was 324 +/- 87 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) (liver) and 584 +/- 164 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) (duodenum; p < 0.0001). 3. 7-OH-flavone sulfotransferase followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the K(m) (mean +/- SD) was 0.2 +/- 0.04 microM (liver) and 1.1 +/- 0.3 microM (duodenum; p = 0.008). V(max) (mean +/- SD) was 392 +/- 134 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) (liver) and 815 +/- 233 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) (duodenum; p = 0.016). 4. 5-OH-flavone and 3-OH-flavone were not sulfated and were inhibitors of human liver and duodenum SULT1A1 activity and 7-OH-flavone sulfation rate. 5. The IC50 of 5-OH-flavone for SULT1A1 was 0.3 +/- 0.06 microM (liver) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 microM (duodenum; n.s.) and those of 3-OH-flavone were 1.0 +/- 0.1 microM (liver) and 1.6 +/- 0.03 microM (duodenum; p = 0.0006). 6. There was inhibition of 7-OH-flavone sulfation rate by 5-OH-flavone and 3-OH-flavone. The IC(50) of 5-OH-flavone for the sulfation rate of 7-OH-flavone was 3.5 +/- 0.5 microM (liver) and 69 +/- 18 microM (duodenum; p < 0.0001) and for 3-OH-flavone it was 18 +/- 3.4 microM (liver) and 213 +/- 47 microM (duodenum; p < 0.0001). 7. The position of the hydroxy group confers to the molecules of OH-flavones the quality of substrate or inhibitor of sulfotransferase.
Static and dynamic moduli of a weak sandstone (2009)

Abstract Static moduli derived from the slope of a stress-strain curve and dynamic moduli derived from the velocity of elastic waves are significantly different for rocks, even though they should be equal according to the theory of linear elasticity. Proper knowledge about this difference might be useful because dynamic measurements are often the only information available about a rock. In tests on a dry sandstone, static and dynamic moduli are always different, except immediately after the direction of loading has been reversed. The results support the assumption that the difference between static and dynamic moduli can be ascribed to the difference in strain amplitude between static and dynamic measurements. At low stress levels, static and dynamic moduli increase with increasing stress during initial loading. In uniaxial compaction tests, the static compaction modulus decreases with increasing stress at higher stress levels, revealing a sensitivity to the location of the failure envelope. However, the corresponding dynamic modulus is totally insensitive to the failure envelope.
Optimal design of a flextensional transducer considering all the cross-coupled effects of its structural variables (2003)

With the finite element method, we analyzed the variation of the operation frequency and sound pressure of a flextensional transducer in relation to its structural variables. Through statistical multiple regression analysis of the results, we derived functional forms of the operation frequency and sound pressure of the transducer in terms of the structural variables, and with which we determined the optimal structure of the transducer by means of a constrained optimization technique, SQP-PD method. The proposed method can reflect all the cross-coupled effects of multiple structural variables, and can be extended to the design of general acoustic transducers.
Interleukin-6 Induces Cellular Insulin Resistance in Hepatocytes (2002)

Interleukin (IL)-6 is one of several proinflammatory cytokines that have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A two- to threefold elevation of circulating IL-6 has been observed in these conditions. Nonetheless, little evidence supports a direct role for IL-6 in mediating insulin resistance. Here, we present data that IL-6 can inhibit insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction and insulin action in both primary mouse hepatocytes and the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2. This inhibition depends on duration of IL-6 exposure, with a maximum effect at 1-1.5 h of pretreatment with IL-6 in both HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. The IL-6 effect is characterized by a decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR substrate (IRS)-1 and decreased association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with IRS-1 in response to physiologic insulin levels. In addition, insulin-dependent activation of Akt, important in mediating insulin's downstream metabolic actions, is markedly inhibited by IL-6 treatment. Finally, a 1.5-h preincubation of primary hepatocytes with IL-6 inhibits insulin-induced glycogen synthesis by 75%. These data suggest that IL-6 plays a direct role in insulin resistance at the cellular level in both primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cell lines and may contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Mutation in TTI2 Reveals a Role for Triple T Complex in Human Brain Development (2013)

Tel2-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (TTI1 and TTI2) physically interact with telomere maintenance 2 (TEL2) to form a conserved trimeric complex called the Triple T complex. This complex is a master regulator of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKKs) abundance and DNA damage response signaling. Using a combination of autozygosity mapping and high-throughput sequencing in a large consanguineous multiplex family, we found that a missense c.1307T>A/p.I436N mutation in TTI2 causes a human autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe cognitive impairment, microcephaly, behavioral troubles, short stature, skeletal anomalies, and facial dysmorphic features. Immunoblotting experiment showed decreased amount of all Triple T complex components in the patient skin fibroblasts. Consistently, a drastically reduced steady-state level of all PIKKs tested was also observed in the patient cells. Combined with previous observations, these findings emphasises the role of the TTI2 gene in the etiology of intellectual disability and further support the role of PIKK signaling in brain development and functioning.
Minimal Velocities Necessary for Perforation of Skin by Air Gun Pellets and Bullets (1982)

A series of tests were conducted to determine the velocities necessary for lead air gun pellets (calibers .177 and .22) and caliber .38 lead bullets to perforate skin. Human lower extremities were used. Caliber .177 air gun pellets weighing 8.25 grains required a minimum velocity of 101 m/s (331 ft/s) to perforate skin. The energy per area of presentation ratio E/a was 1:86 m X kg/cm2. Caliber .22 air gun pellets weighing 16.5 grains needed a minimum velocity of 75 m/s (245 ft/s). The E/a was 1:3 m X kg/cm2. A round nose, caliber .38 lead bullet weighing 113 grains perforated skin at 58 m/s (191 ft/s). The E/a was 1.95 m X kg/cm2. These studies appear to indicate that lightweight projectiles need greater velocity to perforate skin than do larger caliber, heavier bullets.
A computational micro primer (2011)

This introduction is a brief primer on some basic computational concepts that are used throughout the book. The goal is to provide some initial intuition rather than formal definitions. The reader is referred to excellent basic books on algorithms which cover these notions in much greater rigor and depth.
The role of VEGF in melanoma progression. (2012)

VEGF expression (both VEGF distribution and intensity) is associated with progression of malignant melanoma. VEGF index can explain this association better.
Health Risks of Toxic Emissions from a Coal-Fired Power Plant (1987)

This report is the fifth in a series dealing with the human health risks of toxic substances emitted by coal-fired power plants. It summarizes two earlier studies that examined selenium and beryllium discharges from a power plant in Pennsylvania (the Montour Steam Electric Station operated by Pennsylvania Power and Light Company). The authors extend the earlier analysis to include calculation of pollutant exposure associated with consumption of animal and vegetable products raised in the region surrounding the Montour plant. Specifically, they calculate how much the incidence of cancer and selenosis might increase in the regional population that consumes drinking water or fish from the Susquehanna River or any of several animal or vegetable products raised in the region. The results indicate that Montour selenium and beryllium discharges should have a negligible effect on the incidence of selenosis and cancer in the regional population.
DNA configurations and concentration in shearing flow near a glass surface in a microchannel (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lin Fang, Hua Hu, Ronald G. Larson; DNA configurations and concentration in shearing flow near a glass surface in a microchannel. J. Rheol. 1 January 2005; 49 (1): 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1822930 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Production of energetic proton beams with lasers (2006)

A new method for accelerating proton beams, based on the use of intense and short laser pulses, is presented. It is shown that by focusing an ultrashort laser pulse onto a thin foil target, a proton beam with energy up to tens of MeV is produced. Due to the original properties of these beams unexplored fields in science will be discovered. In addition, this compact and low cost approach would probably be of great interest for medical applications.
MIMO-OFDM channel estimation based on subspace tracking (2004)

In this paper, we propose a channel estimation algorithm for multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency for division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, which has considerably less leakage than DFT-based channel estimators. This algorithm uses the optimum low-rank channel approximation obtained by tracking the frequency autocorrelation matrix of the channel response. The coefficients corresponding to dominant eigenfactors of the autocorrelation matrix are estimated every OFDM block while the eigenfactors are only updated using the training block that is transmitted every M blocks due to the slowly-varying feature of the frequency autocorrelation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce channel estimation error and thus improve system performance.
Novel recombinant proteins and peptides from Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini for liver fluke exposure ELISA (2023)

Human serum samples from individuals living in Vietnam and Taiwan suspected of past <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> or <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection were screened using several novel peptides and recombinant liver fluke proteins to determine if any consistent patterns could be discerned and used as the basis for future liver fluke ELISA development. Absorbance values at 405 nm were compared to those of pooled unexposed normal human serum and analyzed for statistical significance. The data exhibited some interesting patterns consistent with egg antigen sequestration in the gut possibly leading to lower serum antibody levels and potential regional exposure differences between Vietnamese and Taiwanese subjects. In particular, antibodies against Cathepsin B and B2 peptides, as well as a partial Cahedrin Domain peptide may be elevated in some Taiwanese serum samples while antibodies against recombinant <i>Clonorchis</i> egg protein and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Peptide Antigen 59 may be elevated in some samples from both Taiwan and Vietnam. The data appear to suggest that some of the novel recombinant protein and peptide antigens selected and tested herein warrant further study with larger sample sizes as possible targets for detecting anti-liver fluke antibodies by ELISA from humans suspected of liver fluke infections.
Supplementary Methods from Preclinical Activity of the Type II CD20 Antibody GA101 (Obinutuzumab) Compared with Rituximab and Ofatumumab <i>In Vitro</i> and in Xenograft Models (2023)

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Aeroelastic Flight Control for Subscale UAVs (2007)

This paper describes a new type of aeroelastic wing panel which relies on a sweeping movement of the main spar to alter its ∞exural axis and consequently change the amount of wash-out in the wing induced by the aerodynamic forces. A 1.8m (6ft) electrically powered glider was fltted with two aeroelastically active panels at either side of the wing, each spanning 450mm (17.7in.). By hinging the main spar at the root of each panel it could sweep over an angle of 14 ‐ peak-to-peak, covering 60% of the local chord at the wing tip. The wing structure was entirely composed of balsa wood members and the front and rear spars were intentionally left ∞exible to increase the dependency of the local elastic center on the main spar position. Furthermore, a composite skin was used, which provided enough torsional ∞exibility to allow for active wing twisting. The application of the modifled wing panels added 3% to both the operational empty weight and planform area, leaving the wing loading unchanged. To model the aeroelastic behavior, a flnite element model of the wing was made using MSC.PATRAN/MSC.NASTRAN and coupled to a three dimensional aeroelastic model (ZAERO). Dynamic bench tests demonstrated a change of 40% in elastic center position at the tip of the aeroelastic wing panel and showed good agreement in bending natural frequencies with the flnite element model. Furthermore, an increase of 28% in the flrst coupled natural frequency was demonstrated between the most forward and most rearward position of the main spar. Wind tunnel tests were carried out to show wing twist dependency on main spar position and angle of attack. At cruise conditions, when sweeping the main spar over its maximum range, a change in lift coe‐cient of 35% and a change in twist of 3.7 ‐ were shown. At increased angle of attack, the range of twist even increased to 9.1 ‐ peak-to-peak. Static aeroelastic modeling showed to be accurate in predicting the twist at spar sweep angles ranging from -4.5 to +2.5 degrees. Flight test proved the efiectiveness of aeroelastic roll control without any weight penalties.
Delivery of neurotrophic factors to neuronal targets: toward gene therapy in the CNS. (2000)

Neurotrophic factors are a large class of molecules that can influence neuronal survival, modulate neuronal function and induce axonal growth. They act on specific receptors in specific subsets of neurons and glia. Since their discovery, neurotrophic factors have received considerable interest as possible means for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) trauma. In vitro experiments, as well as studies in animal models of CNS disease, have supported the concept of neuroprotection as a new treatment strategy in degenerative neurologic disease, using neurotrophic factor delivery to CNS targets. Despite the encouraging results from animal studies, progress in adaptation of this treatment strategy to human disease has been slow and sometimes disappointing. One of the major keys for the successful use of neurotrophic factors in treating neurologic disease is the mode of delivery. Neurotrophic factors need to be specifically targeted and regionally restricted to the area of interest to achieve significant results without widespread, unwanted adverse effects. This article summarizes results from recent studies of neurotrophic factors in models of neurodegenerative diseases and CNS trauma and outlines current knowledge and future perspectives of trophic factor gene therapy in the CNS.
Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen with theMiniature Centrifugal Fast Analyzer (1979)

A modified reversed passive hemagglutination test for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg is described. Sera and reagent cells coated with antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) are loaded separately into the rotor of a miniature centrifugal fast analyzer. The rotor is centrifuged briefly to transfer the components into its cuvettes. After mixing, the suspensions are allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 min, following which the rotor is again centrifuged and the absorbance of each cuvette is monitored. Cells suspended in serum containing HBsAg leave the light path more rapidly than cells suspended in sera free of antigen. The magnitude of change in absorbance varies directly with the concentration of the antigen. In 45 sera tested by the conventional V-plate technique, findings were as follows: 21 positive, 19 false positive and 5 negative. The automated procedure unequivocally differentiated the 21 positives; results for the false positive and negative specimens were identical and clearly distinguishable from the positive results. The automated procedure enhances specificity, offers equivalent sensitivity, and results that are quantitative and objective.
Islet 1 (Isl1) Expression is a Reliable Marker for Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors and Their Metastases (2008)

Isl1 is a reliable marker of pancreatic endocrine tumors and metastases thereof. It shows a comparable sensitivity and specificity as Cdx2 as a marker of ileal and appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors and their metastases. TTF1 is very rarely expressed in well-differentiated gastroentero-PETs. Therefore, the panel of Isl1, Cdx2, and TTF1 seems useful for examining metastases of well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas of unknown origin.
Studies on Polynucleotides. XIV.1 Specific Synthesis of the C3″-C5″ Interribonucleotide Linkage. Syntheses of Uridylyl-(3″→5″)-Uridine and Uridylyl-(3″→5″)-Adenosine2 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polynucleotides. XIV.1Specific Synthesis of the C3″-C5″ Interribonucleotide Linkage. Syntheses of Uridylyl-(3″→5″)-Uridine and Uridylyl-(3″→5″)-Adenosine2M. Smith, D. H. Rammler, I. H. Goldberg, and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 3, 430–440Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00862a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00862a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2077Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts