gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Feeding Gases on the Composition of Plasma Activated Water (2021)

As we are all aware that “PLASMA” is the fourth state of matter and about 99% of the universe comprises of plasma. Plasma invariably consists of essential reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which are necessary for agricultural purposes thus making it an interesting subject for research. When water is exposed to plasma arc, its composition changes and forms Plasma Activated Water (PAW). Research studies have proved PAW to be an effective disinfectant and also providing imperative nutrients to plants. This paper reviews the impact of feeding gases such as Air, Ammonia, Argon, Nitrogen, Helium, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide on PAW composition. Hydrogen peroxide, nitrates, nitrites and pH value are the four key aspects of PAW which decide its influence. H2O2 helps in bacterial inactivation whereas nitrates and nitrites are a source of nutrients. It is known that nitrites decompose rapidly in water and form compounds that promote bacterial inhibition. Here the impact of using Air, Ammonia, Argon, Nitrogen, Helium, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide is being reviewed and studied. More specifically, the concentration of major Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) formed in the process and the physical properties of PAW at various atmospheres are is discussed in detail.
Cytokine and chemokine profiles in autologous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): interleukin 10 and interferon γ may be critical mediators for the development of autologous GVHD (2002)

Administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) following autologous stem cell transplantation paradoxically elicits a systemic autoimmune syndrome resembling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This syndrome, termed autologous GVHD, is associated with autoreactive CD8+ T cells that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II determinants in association with a peptide from the invariant chain. To investigate the potential role of cytokines and chemokines in autologous GVHD, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined in 36 patients treated with CsA following transplantation and correlated with the induction of cytolytic activity against autologous phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes (PHA-blasts) and the breast cancer cell line (T47D). The determination of gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that IL-10 mRNA levels by PBMCs in patients with autologous GVHD were 29-fold higher than in healthy individuals. IFN-γ (4-fold), IL-2 (3-fold), and MIP-1α (44-fold) mRNA levels were also increased in GVHD-induced patients compared with healthy individuals. The ability of PBMCs to lyse autologous PHA-blasts and T47D tumor cells exhibited an identical temporal relationship with expression of IL-10 and IFN-γ during autologous GVHD. Moreover, the susceptibility to autologous GVHD as assessed in 75 patients was significantly associated with the IL-10−1082 G/G polymorphic alleles, allelic variants in the promoter region that govern IL-10 production. These findings indicate that IL-10 may play an unexpected but critical role in autologous GVHD and could be utilized to enhance a graft-versus-tumor effect after transplantation. Interestingly, polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter region may also explain differences in the susceptibility of patients to autologous GVHD induction.
Negative Mood States Correlate with Laterobasal Amygdala in Collegiate Football Players (2018)

A number of studies have suggested that sports-related concussion (SRC) may place individuals at increased risk for depression and negative outcomes including suicide. However, the mechanisms underlying a potential relationship between brain integrity and mood remain unclear. The current study is aimed at examining the association between amygdala shape, mood state, and postconcussion symptoms in collegiate football players. Thirty members of 1 football team completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS), and an MRI protocol during preseason camp. T1-weighted images were acquired and three-dimensional amygdala and probabilistic maps were created for shape analysis. Correlation analyses between POMS and PCSS and the relationship between POMS and amygdala shape were completed. In the amygdala, the left laterobasal subregion showed a positive relationship with the POMS total score and subscales scores. No significant relationship between PCSS and amygdala shape was found. Significant positive correlations were found between POMS subscales and PCSS. These results indicate that amygdala structure may be more closely associated with negative mood states than postconcussion symptoms. These findings suggest that premorbid individual differences in effect may provide critical insight into the relationship between negative mood and outcomes in collegiate football players with SRC.
beta-Endorphin: synthesis of analogs modified at the carboxyl terminus with increased activites. (1979)

Three analogs of human beta-endorphin (beta h-EP) have been synthesized: [Gly31]beta h-EP, [Gly31]beta h-endorphinamide, and [Gly31]beta h-endorphinylglycine. All are more active than beta h-EP in both the guinea pig ileum bioassay and the opiate receptor binding assay. The last two analogs are about twice as active as beta h-EP in an assay for analgesia. Modification at position 31 and extension at the COOH terminus may afford a route toward analogs with even greater biological activity.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of (-)-Salicylihalamides A and B (2007)

Stereoselective synthesis of the macrocyclic core of salicylihalamides A and B is described. The synthetic strategy features stereoselective iodolactonization, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Mitsunobu esterification, and ring-closing metathesis.
Automatic portable tissue micro-arrayer (2012)

Tissue microarray (TMA) has been widely used for the study of tissue, which is applicable to research, diagnosis, and therapy. The ever-increasing usage of TMA even to the remote locations brings about the requirement of accessibility; which translates into the need for quality, portability, and affordability. This paper describes the work along this direction. The technology put forth in this paper includes the methodology to accomplish the following objectives: minimizing the wastage of the collected tissue, depositing the collected tissue in grid geometry, and allowing rapid collection and deposition of tissue from the donor block to the recipient one. Mechanical and mechatronic approaches are employed in the solution.
Instability in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With the Direct Lateral Approach (2001)

Instability after a total hip arthroplasty is a serious complication. Dislocation rates as much as 6.5% after posterior approaches have been reported within the past decade. For this reason, the authors use the direct lateral approach for primary and revision total hip arthroplasties. A review of the arthroplasty database yielded 1515 primary total hip arthroplasties done via a direct lateral approach in 1333 patients. These arthroplasties were done within a 10-year period and patients with followup data less than 12 months were excluded. At the most recent examination, 11.6% of the patients had a moderate or severe limp and 2.5% had severe heterotopic ossification. Only six hips (0.4%) had a dislocation or episode of instability. Three patients had more than one dislocation and required revision surgery. The results of the current study show that dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty almost can be eliminated using the direct lateral approach. The associated risks of heterotopic ossification or limp are acceptable.
On the distribution of zeros of functions from weighted Bergman spaces (2009)

We refine some well-known necessary characteristics of zero sets of functions from weighted Bergman spaces under sufficiently general conditions on weights.
Long‐term storage of red blood cells and correlations between red cell and dietary fatty acids: Results from a pilot study (1991)

Levels of red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids were determined at baseline and 12 months after storage at -70 degrees C in 15 postmenopausal women to determine whether storage had a detrimental effect on the stability of fatty acids. Four-day diet records were also completed at baseline, allowing comparisons between RBC fatty acid levels and fatty acid levels computed from recent dietary intake. The major fatty acid composition of RBCs did not change substantially during 12 months of storage, and, in particular, for n-6 and n-3 fatty acids most correlations between baseline and 12-month values were greater than 0.90. We also found strong positive correlations between RBC and dietary fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic (18:2n-6), total n-6, and the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio. We concluded that frozen RBCs may be a useful measure of recent dietary intake for epidemiological studies.
Zoned ultrabasic bodies in the Lewisian of the Moine Nappe in Skye (1967)

Synopsis A number of new examples of zoned associations of talc, actinolite, chlorite, and biotite appear to have been derived by reaction during regional metamorphism of moderate intensity between small ultrabasic masses and more acid country rock. The formation of the most abundant type of zone was governed by diffusion of Mg. Although the zone-forming processes have not proceeded to equilibrium, there are some indications of a degree of attainment of local equilibrium.
Visual rating and volumetry of the medial temporal lobe on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a comparative study (2000)

Visual rating of MTA is a clinically useful method for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from controls and is both quicker and more accurate than volumetry.
Therapeutic use of omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder (2011)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic affective disorder, associated with significant disability, morbidity and premature mortality. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play several important roles in brain development and functioning. Evidence from animal models of dietary omega-3 (n-3) PUFA deficiency suggest that these fatty acids are relevant to promote brain development and to regulate behavioral and neurochemical aspects related to mood disorders, such as stress responses, depression and aggression, as well as dopaminergic content and function. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests roles for PUFAs in BD. n-3 PUFAs seem to be an effective adjunctive treatment for unipolar and bipolar depression, but further large-scale, well-controlled trials are needed to examine its clinical utility in BD. The use of n-3 as a mood stabilizer among BD patients is discussed here. This article summarizes the molecular pathways related to the role of n-3 as a neuroprotective and neurogenic agent, with a specific focus on BDNF. It is proposed that the n-3-BDNF association is involved in the pathophysiology of BD and represents a promising target for developing a novel class of rationally devised therapies.
Some Relationships between Individual and Group Development (1973)

This paper begins by considering the parallel between phases of a group member’s developing orientation to the group and phases of the ontogenesis of interpersonal orientations. The hypothesis of the research which is presented is that the sequence of the member’s developing orientations to the group may not only parallel ontogenetic phases in general but specifically recapitulate global aspects of his own ontogenesis. The results of the study indicate that members of higher judged levels of ontogenetic progression more closely approximate the predicted phasic group-orienting sequence. This finding is discussed in the context of a recapitulation theory.
Pesticidal Applications of Photoactivated Molecules (1995)

Upon illumination, some photoactive molecules have been shown to cause toxic reactions in living cells. This is especially significant when the photoactive chemical is taken up or ingested by arthropods, many of which are agricultural or medical pests. The structures of these molecules are diverse and range from visible dyes to allelochemicals. The common aspect of the toxic reaction involves illumination by photons of light and the presence of oxygen. Over many decades, laboratory and small scale field tests have proven the efficacy of the approach in many pesticidal applications. Most of the dye applications have utilized the halogenated xanthene series of dyes, while the allelochemical applications have utilized a broad search for new chemical structures capable of catalyzing these photochemical reactions. There are current efforts aimed primarily at developing suitable bait technologies for large scale control of commercially important insects. PHOTOACTIVE DYES Historical Perspective. The use of light to
How Can a Robot Evaluate its own Behavior? A Neural Model for Self-Assessment (2013)

Abstract — Allowing a robot to autonomously navigate wide and unknown environments not only requires a set of robust strategies to cope with miscellaneous situations, but also needs mechanisms of self-assessment for guiding learning and monitoring strategies. Monitoring strategies requires feedbacks on the behavior’s quality, from a given fitness system, to take correct decisions. In this work, we focus on how violations of expectations of such fitness system can be detected. Following an incremental and bio-mimetic approach, we first present two different sensorimotor strategies our robot can use to navigate: a Place Cells based strategy and a road following strategy. Then, we present a neural architecture that may be able to evaluate both navigation strategies. This model is based on an online novelty detection algorithm using a neural predictor. This neural predictor learns contingencies between sensations and actions, giving the expected sensation based from the previous perception. Prediction error, coming from surprising events, provides a direct measure of the quality of the underlying sensorimotor contingencies involved. We propose that this model might be a key structure toward self-assessment. We made several experiments that can account for such properties for both strategies. I.
Oxygen Consumption by Anaerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Enological Conditions: Effect on Fermentation Kinetics (2003)

The anaerobic growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae normally requires the addition of molecular oxygen, which is used to synthesize sterols and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). A single oxygen pulse can stimulate enological fermentation, but the biochemical pathways involved in this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. We showed that the addition of oxygen (0.3 to 1.5 mg/g [dry mass] of yeast) to a lipid-depleted medium mainly resulted in the synthesis of the sterols and UFAs required for cell growth. However, the addition of oxygen during the stationary phase in a medium containing excess ergosterol and oleic acid increased the specific fermentation rate, increased cell viability, and shortened the fermentation period. Neither the respiratory chain nor de novo protein synthesis was required for these medium- and long-term effects. As de novo lipid synthesis may be involved in ethanol tolerance, we studied the effect of oxygen addition on sterol and UFA auxotrophs (erg1 and ole1 mutants, respectively). Both mutants exhibited normal anaerobic fermentation kinetics. However, only the ole1 mutant strain responded to the oxygen pulse during the stationary phase, suggesting that de novo sterol synthesis is required for the oxygen-induced increase of the specific fermentation rate. In conclusion, the sterol pathway appears to contribute significantly to the oxygen consumption capacities of cells under anaerobic conditions. Nevertheless, we demonstrated the existence of alternative oxygen consumption pathways that are neither linked to the respiratory chain nor linked to heme, sterol, or UFA synthesis. These pathways dissipate the oxygen added during the stationary phase, without affecting the fermentation kinetics.
CMOS/bipolar linear integrated circuits (1974)

A simple, high-performance operational amplifier using an economical monolithic CMOS/bipolar process will be described, and circuit components, layout and performance discussed.
A Lightweight and Self-adaptive Ad Hoc Routing Scheme for EUROPCOM Networks (2007)

The 1ST EUROPCOM project designs and develops an ultra wideband (UWB)-based ad hoc network for search and rescue operations in disaster zones, especially indoors. The primary application of the EUROPCOM system is to provide position tracking of rescue personnel within the disaster zone. Currently no such technologies or systems exist, which can provide the envisaged functionality. The paper proposes a lightweight and self-adaptive ad hoc routing scheme that takes into consideration the operational characteristics and requirements of the EUROPCOM system. The proposed scheme does not introduce dedicated ad hoc routing packets. It takes advantage of data packets (e.g., positioning information) broadcast by each device. Routing information, which is needed to construct routes, is embedded in the header of the data packets. The optimum route is chosen based on hop count and congestion level of each device along the path. Our routing scheme is bandwidth-and energy-efficient.
On the Consortium for Business Object Promotion (CBOP) (2001)

This paper deals with the goals and visions of a consortium in Japan, named Consortium for Business Object Promotion (CBOP), discussing its background, activities, and basic technical approaches to share and exchanging various types of Business Objects. Especially, Object Pattern Technologies used in CBOP should be discussed.
Large spontaneous emission rate enhancement in grating coupled hyperbolic metamaterials (2014)

Hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), a sub-wavelength periodic artificial structure with hyperbolic dispersion, can enhance the spontaneous emission of quantum emitters. Here, we demonstrate the large spontaneous emission rate enhancement of an organic dye placed in a grating coupled hyperbolic metamaterial (GCHMM). A two-dimensional (2D) silver diffraction grating coupled with an Ag/Al2O3 HMM shows 18-fold spontaneous emission decay rate enhancement of dye molecules with respect to the same HMM without grating. The experimental results are compared with analytical models and numerical simulations, which confirm that the observed enhancement of GCHMM is due to the outcoupling of non-radiative plasmonic modes as well as strong plasmon-exciton coupling in HMM via diffracting grating.
Resistance increase of vacuum interrupters due to high-current interruptions (2014)

The resistance of vacuum interrupters can be calculated from the geometry and resistivity of current carrying parts and the additional resistance of the contact points between movable and fixed contacts. Since vacuum interrupter contacts are designed as flat contacts facing each other, the resistance is mainly determined by contact force, hardness and resistivity of the contact material. It is known that the contact material changes consistency and structure during short-circuit interruptions within melting depth. Indeed, the overall resistance of a vacuum interrupter has been observed to increase by up to 50% after short-circuit making and breaking tests. Since the resistance increase across the switching device is considered by IEC and IEEE standards as one of the acceptance criteria for the integrity of the interrupter after tests, it is essential to understand the origin of this increase. Different causes are discussed, among them the change of grain structure, increasing resistivity and hardness, and change in material composition. Also, it is investigated whether the resistance increase can be affected, for example, by the flow of continuous current over the closed contacts.
Hydrogenated Amorphous TiO2−x and Its High Visible Light Photoactivity (2021)

Hydrogenated crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> with oxygen vacancy (O<sub>V</sub>) defect has been broadly investigated in recent years. Different from crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>, hydrogenated amorphous TiO<sub>2-x</sub> for advanced photocatalytic applications is scarcely reported. In this work, we prepared hydrogenated amorphous TiO<sub>2-x</sub> (HA-TiO<sub>2-x</sub>) using a unique liquid plasma hydrogenation strategy, and demonstrated its highly visible-light photoactivity. Density functional theory combined with comprehensive analyses was to gain fundamental understanding of the correlation among the O<sub>V</sub> concentration, electronic band structure, photon capturing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photocatalytic activity. One important finding was that the narrower the bandgap HA-TiO<sub>2-x</sub> possessed, the higher photocatalytic efficiency it exhibited. Given the narrow bandgap and extraordinary visible-light absorption, HA-TiO<sub>2-x</sub> showed excellent visible-light photodegradation in rhodamine B (98.7%), methylene blue (99.85%), and theophylline (99.87) within two hours, as well as long-term stability. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and theophylline were measured to 55%, 61.8%, and 50.7%, respectively, which indicated that HA-TiO<sub>2-x</sub> exhibited high wastewater purification performance. This study provided a direct and effective hydrogenation method to produce reduced amorphous TiO<sub>2-x</sub> which has great potential in practical environmental remediation.
Site‐Specific Photocleavage of Proteins (1997)

Bovine serum albumin and chicken-egg lsoyzyme can be cleaved with high specificity into two fragments by the method shown below. A pyrene-L-phenylalanine conjugate was used as the probe (shown schematically over the first arrow), which binds with site specificity to the protein and produces the cleavage upon irradiation with visible light in the presence of a CoIII compound.
Dysregulated neutrophils failed to control bacteria in an intradermal murine model of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection (2021)

Abstract Scrub typhus is a vector-borne febrile illness caused by the obligately intracellular bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi that are transmitted by the larvae of trombiculid mites. Approximately 1 million people are infected every year in an Asia-Pacific region. Patients without appropriate treatment may develop severe damage in various organs and lead to death. However, the host protective immunity against this infection is still not understood. Using an intradermal infection mouse model and CFSE-labeled bacteria, we found that neutrophils and monocytes were the majority of infected cells in the skin infection site at 4 and 8 hours post-infection (hpi). However, very few of them can migrate to local lymph node at 24 hpi. Instead, the infected langerhans cells were observed in local lymph nodes, but not in other organs including lung, bone marrow and spleen, as well as blood. To investigate the role of neutrophils in Orientia infection, we treated the infected mice with Anti-Ly6G antibody daily from −1 to 3 dpi. However, the bodyweight loss was comparable between control and neutrophil-depleted mice until 14 dpi. No significant difference of bacterial loads were found in organs including lung and brain. Our in vitro study showed that Orientia infection induced an immunosuppressive neutrophil phenotype and increased neutrophil death. Collectively, our data suggest that infected-neutrophil may undergo the functional dysregulation and not be able to control bacteria efficiently, while antigen-presenting cells may contribute to bacterial dissemination from skin to systemic infection in scrub typhus.