gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and application of polyaminoamide as new paraffin inhibitor from vegetable oil (2011)

In this work, a series of novel paraffin inhibitor, polyaminoamide (PAA), was designed and prepared by aminolysis and poly-condensation using soybean oil and canola oil as the raw material. The property of the PAAs as paraffin inhibitor was investigated, the results show several PAA samples are potent in paraffin inhibition, and PPC-2 is the most effective one. Besides, the paraffin crystal morphology analysis was carried out to provide the mechanism of paraffin inhibition.
Efficient Margin-Based Query Learning on Action Classification (2006)

In this paper, we propose a margin-based query learning algorithm for action recognition to reduce a laborious work on annotating action labels of time-series motion. The annotation is an inevitable task for designers of recognition systems with supervised learning techniques. Query learning is a kind of compensation approach for this, and can also be categorized into interactive learning. Our algorithm is a natural extension of maximum margin learning; a.k.a. support vector machines. Thanks to the theoretical analysis of the optimal condition of the maximum margin learning, the algorithm runs with a single and simple criterion. To prevent poor performance of the classifier learned with very few size of labeled motion data set, the algorithm exploits cluster information of massive unlabeled motion dataset. In contrast to the previous margin-based query learning methods, the algorithm has superiority in terms of stability. The empirical evaluation using real motion and synthetic dataset shows that our algorithm can achieve both drastic reduction of annotation cost and making robust classifiers
Hypersonic shock/boundary-layer interaction database (1991)

Turbulence modeling is generally recognized as the major problem obstructing further advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A closed solution of the governing Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent flows of practical consequence is still far beyond grasp. At the same time, the simplified models of turbulence which are used to achieve closure of the Navier-Stokes equations are known to be rigorously incorrect. While these models serve a definite purpose, they are inadequate for the general prediction of hypersonic viscous/inviscid interactions, mixing problems, chemical nonequilibria, and a range of other phenomena which must be predicted in order to design a hypersonic vehicle computationally. Due to the complexity of turbulence, useful new turbulence models are synthesized only when great expertise is brought to bear and considerable intellectual energy is expended. Although this process is fundamentally theoretical, crucial guidance may be gained from carefully-executed basic experiments. Following the birth of a new model, its testing and validation once again demand comparisons with data of unimpeachable quality. This report concerns these issues which arise from the experimental aspects of hypersonic modeling and represents the results of the first phase of an effort to develop compressible turbulence models.
Microstructural and ferromagnetic properties of Zn1−xCuxO thin films (2009)

Room temperature ferromagnetism is observed in Zn1−xCuxO (x=0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) thin films grown on Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. Raman scattering and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses confirm the substitution of Cu up to 3% in ZnO host lattice, and the films are nearly single crystalline. Optical transmission and photoluminescence (PL) analyses provide evidence of sp-d exchange interaction in Zn1−xCuxO thin films; the p-d exchange interaction may explain the observed room temperature ferromagnetism in Zn1−xCuxO thin films. Room temperature PL shows the green emission (∼2.60 eV) in Cu doped ZnO samples.
Retracted: Efficient separation of Nannochloropsis salina using minerals to optimize algae sedimentation (2012)

Retraction: The following article from the Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Efficient separation of Nannochloropsis salina using minerals to optimize algae sedimentation by Razi Epsztein, Amichai Felder, Alex Mishelevitz and Vitaly Gitis, published online on 20 March, 2012 in WileyOnlineLibrary (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com; doi: 10.1002/jctb.3754), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Jack Melling and John Wiley & Sons. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation by the academic ethics code committee of Ben-Gurion University which decided that the corresponding author had no right to publish the results of the study without permission from the other authors (decision from 21 June 2012).
Double‐Modification Oriented Design of a Deep‐UV Birefringent Crystal Functionalized by [B12O16F4(OH)4] Clusters (2022)

Polarization modulation of deep-UV light is of significance to current technologies, and to this end, the birefringent crystal has emerged as an invaluable material as it allows for effective light modulation. Herein, a double-modification strategy driven by F and OH anions that makes double effects towards the critical property enhancement of deep-UV birefringent crystals is proposed. This leads to a new hydroxyborate (NH<sub>4</sub> )<sub>4</sub> [B<sub>12</sub> O<sub>16</sub> F<sub>4</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> ] with giant cluster as a deep-UV birefringent crystal with large birefringence (Δn<sub>exp.</sub> =0.12@546.1 nm). This birefringence is a record among inorganic hydroxyborates with experimentally measured birefringence. Structural analysis shows that the near-plane arrangement of [B<sub>12</sub> O<sub>16</sub> F<sub>4</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> ] cluster is responsible for the large optical anisotropy. Theoretical calculations indicate that its π-conjugated [BO<sub>3</sub> ] and [BO<sub>2</sub> OH] units are the main source of this large optical anisotropy.
A transmit mast-clamp current probe for shipboard HF communications (2005)

The mast-clamp current probe (MCCP) concept uses the ship superstructure as an antenna and couples the signal from the superstructure to the communications system. This concept has been successfully implemented for the high frequency (HF) receive side of the communication system. The design process started on the DD-972 (USS Oldendorf) and culminated in the testing of a receive MCCP (MCCP Rx) on the DDG-74 (USS McFaul) in July 1998 and the DDG-80 (USS Roosevelt) in August 2000. The same technology that was used to develop the MCCP Rx is currently being applied to the development of an HF transmit MCCP (MCCP Tx).
A real-time knowledge based system for product quality control (1988)

An ICI plant in the north of England has two batch reactors producing a large number of products consisting of ethoxylates. It is controlled by a Foxborough Fox 1/A process sequence control computer. The task of the plant operators is to set the 'recipe' on the Fox 1/A to make products at the desired quality and to initiate and monitor the process sequence. When a batch has been produced they judge its quality and can take a sample for laboratory analysis. If they judge it necessary they may make an adjustment or take other remedial action. The paper concerns an expert system which makes recommendations to the operator when he makes his decisions. To achieve this it must monitor and form judgements on the plant and raw materials affecting product quality; provide a prediction of product quality; estimate errors in instrumentation; and provide a justification for its recommendations.
Architecture and Process Integration Overview of 3D NAND Flash Technologies (2021)

In the past few decades, NAND flash memory has been one of the most successful nonvolatile storage technologies, and it is commonly used in electronic devices because of its high scalability and reliable switching properties. To overcome the scaling limit of planar NAND flash arrays, various three-dimensional (3D) architectures of NAND flash memory and their process integration methods have been investigated in both industry and academia and adopted in commercial mass production. In this paper, 3D NAND flash technologies are reviewed in terms of their architecture and fabrication methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of the architectures are compared.
The mathematical model of antenna and antenna-radome system (2004)

Methods, algorithms and programs for calculation by computer of the characteristics of the antenna and the antenna-radome system (ARS) are developed. The type of antenna considered is the phased antenna array (PAA) or the cophase antenna with a mechanical beam control (an antenna array - AA). Radome shape is spherical, quasi-conic or flattened ellipsoid. Radome shell is multilayer ( N/spl ges/1), same-thickness, or special profile. Errors in the manufacture of the antenna are taken into account. Programs designed for optimization of radome shell are discussed.
Lipase specificity toward some acetylenic and olefinic alcohols in the esterification of pentanoic and stearic acids (1998)

The esterification of five medium- and long-chain acetylenic alcohols (2-nonyn-1-ol, 10-undecyn-1-ol, 6-octadecyn-1-ol, 9-octadecyn-1-ol, and 13-docosyn-1-ol), seven olefinic alcohols (cis-3-nonen-1-ol, 10-undecen-1-ol, cis-6-octadecen-1-ol, cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, trans-9-octadecen-1-ol, trans-9, trans-11-octadecadien-1-ol, cis-9,cis-12-octadecadien-1-ol), and four short-chain unsaturated alcohols (allyl alcohol, 3-butyn-1-ol, 3-pentyn-1-ol, and cis-2-penten-1-ol) with pentanoic or stearic acid in the presence of various lipase preparations was studied. With the exception of 2-nonyn-1-ol, where Lipase AY-30 (Candida rugosa) was used as the biocatalyst, the esterification of C11, C18, and C22 acetylenic alcohols with pentanoic acid appeared to be generally unaffected by the presence of an acetylenic bond in the alcohol as relatively high yields of the corresponding esters (78-97%) were obtained. However, medium- and long-chain olefinic alcohols were discriminated by Lipase AY-30, Lipolase 100T (Rhizomucor miehei), and especially by porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), when esterification was conducted with pentanoic acid. Esterification of medium- and long-chain acetylenic or olefinic alcohols with a long-chain fatty acid, stearic acid, was very efficient except when Lipase AY-30 and Lipolase 100T were used. Short-chain unsaturated alcohols were much more readily discriminated. 3-Pentyn-1-ol and 3-butyn-1-ol were difficult (<5% yield) to esterify with pentanoic or stearic acid in the presence of Lipase AY-30 and PPL, respectively. Very low yields (<26%) of esters were produced when 3-butyn-1-ol and 3-pentyn-1-ol were reacted with pentanoic or stearic acid, when catalyzed by lipase from Candida cylindracea. No reaction took place between 3-butyn-1-ol and stearic acids in the presence of Lipase AY-30. Esterification of short-chain acetylenic and olefinic alcohols was most efficiently achieved with Lipolase 100T (Rhizomucor miehei), Lipozyme IM20 (Rh. miehei), or Novozyme 435 (Candida antarctica) as the biocatalyst.
Noise-shaped multbit D/A convertoremploying unit elements (1995)

By appropriately selecting the elements used to form each output sample of a multibit digital-to-analogue convertor, the spectrum of the error caused by element mismatch can be noise-shaped. Simulations indicate that first-order, second-order and bandpass noise-shaping are all possible. The technique enables the use of multibit feedback in delta-sigma A/D and D/A convertors.
Learning approximation of feedforward control dependence on the task parameters with application to direct-drive manipulator tracking (1997)

This paper presents a new paradigm for model-free design of a trajectory tracking controller and its experimental implementation in control of a direct-drive manipulator. In accordance with the paradigm, a nonlinear approximation for the feedforward control is used. The input to the approximation scheme are task parameters that define the trajectory to be tracked. The initial data for the approximation is obtained by performing learning control iterations for a number of selected tasks. The paper develops and implements practical approaches to both the approximation and learning control. We propose a new learning control algorithm based on the online Levenberg-Marquardt minimization of a regularized tracking error index. The paper demonstrates an experimental application of the paradigm to trajectory tracking control of fast (1.25 s) motions of a direct-drive industrial robot AdeptOne. In our experiments, the learning control converges in five to six iterations for a given set of the task parameters.
Iron Oxide-Induced Thermal Effects on Solid-State Upconversion Emissions in NaYF4:Yb,Er Nanocrystals (2013)

Multifunctional materials exhibiting photon upconversion show promising applications for biological imaging and sensing. In this study, we examine the solid-state upconversion emission of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (6 nm) were mixed with NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles (either 10 or 50 nm) in varying proportions by drying chloroform solutions of nanoparticles onto glass slides. Upconversion spectra were acquired, and a laser power-dependent emission was observed and correlated with the iron oxide content in the mixture. Changes in the lattice temperature of the upconverting particles were monitored by careful observation of the relative intensities of the (2)H11/2 and (4)S3/2 →( 4)I15/2 transitions. The emission characteristics observed are consistent with an iron oxide-induced thermal effect that is dependent on both the laser power and the proportion of iron oxide. The results highlight that the thermal effects of mixed nanoparticle systems should be considered in the design of luminescent upconverting hybrid materials.
Novel NLO-phores containing dihexyl amino benzo[b]thiophene exhibiting good transparency and enhanced electro-optical activity (2014)

Two new chromophores (A and B) were synthesized, in which a benzo[<italic>b</italic>]thiophene moiety was first introduced as a donor group.
Hierarchical Codes: How to Make Erasure Codes Attractive for Peer-to-Peer Storage Systems (2008)

Redundancy is the basic technique to provide reliability in storage systems consisting of multiple components. A redundancy scheme defines how the redundant data are produced and maintained. The simplest redundancy scheme is replication, which however suffers from storage inefficiency. Another approach is erasure coding, which provides the same level of reliability as replication using a significantly smaller amount of storage. When redundant data are lost, they need to be replaced. While replacing replicated data consists in a simple copy, it becomes a complex operation with erasure codes: new data are produced performing a coding over some other available data. The amount of data to be read and coded is d times larger than the amount of data produced. This implies that coding has a larger computational and I/O cost, which, for distributed storage systems, translates into increased network traffic. Participants of peer-to-peer systems have ample storage and CPU power, but their network bandwidth may be limited. For these reasons existing coding techniques are not suitable for P2P storage. This work explores the design space between replication and the existing erasure codes. We propose and evaluate a new class of erasure codes, called hierarchical codes, which aims at finding a flexible trade-off that allows the reduction of the network traffic due to maintenance without losing the benefits given by traditional codes.
Ethnomedical aspects of the commonly used toothbrush sticks in Ethiopia. (1999)

Toothbrush sticks can be used by the vast majority of people who cannot afford buying the commercial toothbrush and toothpaste. The toothbrush sticks may be important for the oral and dental hygiene of the users and hence may be useful in decreasing dental caries. Further studies should focus on the effect of the toothbrush sticks against other common bacteria that are associated with dental diseases.
The Color Fusion of Infrared and Visual Images Based on NSCT (2013)

In the night vision fusion, traditional methods, such as the wavelet transform, always suffer from the problems of shift-variant, limited direction. In order to obtain a more ideal fused image, this paper proposes a new night vision fusion scheme based on NSCT (nonsubsampled contour let transform). And we can convert the fused grayscale image into the color image by YUV color space, ultimately generating the color fused image. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method not only keep abundant details of the background, but also improves the contrast and detect ability of the target object. And the color based on color transfer algorithm closes to natural color, superior to the traditional method such as false color, it's more conducive to identify the target and the environment for people.
Monitoring and Assessment of the Fate and Transport of Contaminants at a Superfund Site (2004)

Contamination of soils poses a serious environmental problem in the U.S. The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 established the so-called Superfund provisions whereby a trust fund was set up to provide for cleanup of hundreds of abandoned hazardous waste sites. Several of these sites were put on the National Priorities List (NPL) and slated for cleanup. Two such sites are located north of Baton Rouge in Louisiana in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 6 and are called the Petro Processors, Inc. (PPI) sites.
Autonomic Software Release Management for Communications Networks (2007)

Software release management is the process of determining, acquiring, releasing and deploying changes into an information technology (IT) environment. The process has often been manual to a certain extent. However, the process can become quite complicated and unmanageable for communications networks, where the managed service providers may need to serve and upgrade multiple customers, environments, networks, devices and components - in parallel. An important design goal of such a process is to have a distributed, integrated and self-managed system that can continuously monitor the networks and devices, detect and determine the exceptions, locate and retrieve the upgrades from their respective sources, release and deploy the upgrades in the affected environment; all in a timely and a non-disruptive manner. This paper introduces the problem of software release management for communications networks, proposes an agent model and a novel protocol for autonomic software release management, and discusses a prototype autonomic software release management system that can be effectively used by the service providers to upgrade and maintain their customers' networks.
Formation and Insertion of the Nitrogenase Iron−Molybdenum Cofactor (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation and Insertion of the Nitrogenase Iron−Molybdenum CofactorPatricia C. Dos Santos, Dennis R. Dean, Yilin Hu, and Markus W. RibbeView Author Information Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0346, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2, 1159–1174Publication Date (Web):December 12, 2003Publication History Received6 June 2003Published online12 December 2003Published inissue 1 February 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020608lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020608lresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2065Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biosynthesis,Cluster chemistry,Metal organic frameworks,Peptides and proteins,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Risk of Stroke in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin in Multinational Trial Heart Failure (CORONA) and the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) Trials.” (2015)

No abstract.
Synthesis and Functional Properties of Strongly Luminescent Diphenylamino End-Capped Oligophenylenes (2004)

Two novel homologous series of oligophenylenes (OPPs) symmetrically end-capped with diphenylamino groups and asymmetrically end-capped with anthryldiphenylamino groups were successfully synthesized by a convergent approach with use of palladium-catalyzed homo- and cross-coupling of arylboronic acids. The absorption maxima of both diphenylamino end-capped OPP series do not vary with the chain length although the molar absorptivities increase sequentially. On the other hand, the emission maxima slightly shift to longer wavelengths when the phenylene unit increases in the series. All the diphenylamino end-capped oligomers exhibit very large fluorescence quantum yields (81-89%). They also exhibit low first ionization potentials, corresponding to the oxidation of the triarylamino moiety, which are essentially unaffected by the oligomeric length extension. The good thermal stabilities of these oligomers allowed the fabrication of multilayer light-emitting devices and their investigations.
Soldering and Brazing Metals to Ceramics at Room Temperature Using a Novel Nanotechnology (2006)

This paper reviews a new, low-temperature process for soldering and brazing ceramics to metals that is based on the use of reactive multilayer foils as a local heat source. The reactive foils range in thickness from 40μm to 100μm and contain many nanoscale layers that alternate between materials with large heats of mixing, such as Al and Ni. By inserting a free-standing foil between two solder (or braze) layers and two components, heat generated by the reaction of the foil melts the solder (or braze) and consequently bonds the components. The use of reactive foils eliminates the need for a furnace, and dramatically reduces the heating of the components being bonded. Thus ceramics and metals can be joined over large areas without the damaging thermal stresses that are typically encountered when cooling in furnace soldering or brazing operations. This paper draws on earlier work to review the bonding process and its application to a variety of ceramic-metal systems. Predictions of thermal profiles during bonding and the resulting residual stresses are described and compared with results for conventional soldering or brazing processes. The microstructure, uniformity, and physical properties of the reactive foil bonds are reviewed as well, using several different ceramic-metal systems as examples.