gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Methods for Total AntioxidantCapacity and its Main Contributors Determination:A review (2015)

Abstract Backround: The present review focuses on electrochemical methods for antioxidant capacity and its main contributors assessment. The main reactive oxygen species, responsible for low density lipoprotein oxidation, and their reactivity are reminded. The role of antioxidants in counteracting the factors leading to oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases occurence, is then discussed. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals, can chelate pro-oxidative metal ions, or quench singlet oxygen. When endogenous factors (uric acid, bilirubin, albumin, metallothioneins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase) cannot accomplish their protective role against reactive oxygen species, the intervention of exogenous antioxidants (vitamin C, tocopherols, flavonoids, carotenoids etc) is required, as intake from food, as nutritional supplements or as pharmaceutical products. Literature study: The main advantages of electrochemical methods with respect to traditional, more laborious instrumental techniques are described: sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity of the applied analytical procedure which does not require complicated sample pre-treatment etc. The paper reviews minutiously the voltammetric, amperometric, biamperometric, potentiometric and coulometric methods for total antioxidant capacity estimation. For each method presented, the electroactivity and the mechanism of electro-oxidation of antioxidant molecules at various electrodes, as well as the influences on the electroactive properties are discussed. The characteristics of the developed methods are viewed from the perspective of the antioxidant molecule structure influence, as well as from the importance of electrode material and/or surface groups standpoint. The antioxidant molecule-electrode surface interaction, the detection system chosen, the use of modifiers, as well as the nature of the analysed matrix are the factors discussed, which influence the performances of the studied electrochemical techniques. Conclusions: The electrochemical methods reviewed in this paper allow the successful determination of the total antioxidant capacity and of its main contributors in various media: foodstuffs and beverages, biological fluids, pharmaceuticals. The advantages and disadvantages of the electrochemical methods applied to antioxidant content and antioxidant activity assay are treated and interpreted, in the case of various analysed matrixes. Combining advanced materials with classical electrode construction, provides viable results and can constitute an alternative for the future.
Role of social determinants of health in differential respiratory exposure and health outcomes among children (2023)

Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino children living in Douglas County, NE experience disproportionately higher exposure to criteria pollutant concentrations. Additionally, higher rates of asthma exacerbations among Non-Hispanic Black children could be due to reduced access to respiratory care that is potentially the result of financial instability and vehicle access. These results could inform city planners and health care providers to mitigate respiratory risks among these higher at-risk populations.
Dioxins associated with suspended particulate matter- in the Grenlandsfjords (Norway) (2011)

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) concentrations were measured in suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected at three sites across the Grenlandsfjord area. The three sites included Frierfjorden, Eidangerfjorden and Kalven, representing three distinct areas of the fjord system. Samples were collected using a submersed high volume water sampler close to the water surface (~ 5 m below the surface) and closer to the seabed (~ 7 m above the seabed). For the surface water, SPM associated PCDD/Fs were similar in all samples, but HCB and OCS was higher in the Frierfjord than in the outer fjords. The deep water in the outer fjords were 4-9 times more contaminated than the surface water and PCA analyses showed that the PCDD/F pattern was similar to the pattern in sediment samples collected in the same area. The data are relevant for contaminant uptake in organisms exposed in the fjord water and may be used to improve models predicting contaminant fate and transport in the Grenlandfjords.
Growth of High Quality AlN Single Crystals and Their Optical Properties (2005)

Growth and optical properties of high quality AlN single crystals grown by physical vapor transport using powder sublimation is presented. Crystallinity, incorporated impurities and their effects on the optical properties are evaluated for different crucible materials and growth environments. A significant reduction of impurity incorporation was achieved using a two‐step growth process in a TaN crucible. Crystal defects and the effect of incorporated impurities on the optical properties have been analyzed by their characteristic photoluminescence and absorption, Raman‐ and glow discharge mass spectroscopy.
Effects of radially nonuniform distributions of catalytic activity on performance of spherical catalyst pellets (1984)

Abstract The performance of spherical catalyst pellets with radially nonuniform distributions of activity is simulated under parallel reaction networks closely resembling hydrocarbon oxidation reactions. Both reaction paths are assumed to be exothermic with the desired path exhibiting lower activation energy requirements than the undesired one. It is shown that nonuniform activity distributions enhance effectiveness and selectivity over a large range of values of the Thiele modulus. Multiple steady states in effectiveness and selectivity are observed for certain values of the heat of reaction parameter.
Shape-consistent Generative Adversarial Networks for multi-modal Medical segmentation maps (2022)

Image translation across domains for unpaired datasets has gained interest and great improvement lately. In medical imaging, there are multiple imaging modalities, with very different characteristics. Our goal is to use cross-modality adaptation between CT and MRI whole cardiac scans for semantic segmentation. We present a segmentation network using synthesised cardiac volumes for extremely limited datasets. Our solution is based on a 3D cross-modality generative adversarial network to share information between modalities and generate synthesized data using unpaired datasets. Our network utilizes semantic segmentation to improve generator shape consistency, thus creating more realistic synthesised volumes to be used when re-training the segmentation network. We show that improved segmentation can be achieved on small datasets when using spatial augmentations to improve a generative adversarial network. These augmentations improve the generator capabilities, thus enhancing the performance of the Segmentor. Using only 16 CT and 16 MRI cardiovascular volumes, improved results are shown over other segmentation methods while using the suggested architecture.
INVOKE‐2: A phase 2 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AL002 in participants with early Alzheimer’s disease (2021)

Abstract Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed in the brain predominantly by microglia. Mutations in TREM2 cause an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). E.g., the R47H coding variant confers similar risk for AD as does one copy of APOE4. AL002 is a humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody (mAb) that activates the TREM2 signaling pathway to increase the ability of microglia to clear pathology and protect neurons. AL002 is believed to be the first anti‐TREM2 mAb in clinical development for the treatment of AD. AL002 was generally well tolerated in a Phase 1 study (INVOKE) and has demonstrated proof of target engagement and proof of mechanism. These results have supported progressing AL002 to the INVOKE‐2 Phase 2 study of AL002 in patients with early AD. Method INVOKE‐2 is a randomized, double‐blind, dose‐ranging, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AL002 in participants with early AD (NCT04592874). This is a global study that will enroll approximately 265 participants in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and South America. Participants will be randomized to receive one of 3 doses of AL002 or placebo, administered via IV infusion every 4 weeks, for up to 96 weeks. The objectives of this Phase 2 study are to assess the efficacy and safety of AL002. Result All participants must have a diagnosis of early AD with evidence of cerebral amyloidosis and a clinical severity consistent with Stage 2 to early Stage 4 (2018 Research Framework), including a CDR‐GS of 0.5 or 1, MMSE from 22 to 30, and RBANS DMI of 85 or lower. Efficacy will be assessed with clinical outcome assessments (including CDR‐SB and ADAS‐Cog13), and fluid and imaging biomarkers. Safety will be assessed through monitoring of AEs, suicidality assessments, changes in laboratory and vital signs, ECG and MRI. PK in serum and CSF will be assessed. Conclusion INVOKE‐2 is designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of AL002, representing a novel, first‐in‐class neuro‐immunological approach for treating AD. Enrollment is ongoing.
Occurrence of perchlorate IN DRINKING WATER SOURCES (2001)

Perchlorate is of concern to drinking water suppliers because of its potential risk to human health, tendency to disperse rapidly in groundwater, and resistance to conventional water treatment processes. An occurrence survey was performed in 1997 and 1998 to assess the prevalence of perchlorate in surface and subsurface drinking water supplies of the American Water System. The survey examined 40 surface water sites in 11 states and 367 groundwater wells in 17 states. No perchlorate was detected in any of the surface waters. The presence of perchlorate was confirmed in nine (~2.5%) wells, all located in California or New Mexico. Positive perchlorate concentrations ranged from &lt; 4 to ~7 μg/L, well below the health advisory guideline value of 18 μg/L suggested by the California Department of Health Services. These results help confirm previous reports that perchlorate contamination is a localized problem affecting sites near military‐related facilities or other major sources of perchlorate.
Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis via Photochemical Reduction with Sodium Citrate (2022)

The aim of this paper is to provide a simple and efficient photoassisted approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles, and to elucidate the role of the key factors (synthesis parameters, such as the concentration of TSC, irradiation time, and UV intensity) that play a major role in the photochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using TSC, both as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Concomitantly, we aim to provide an easy way to evaluate the particle size based on Mie theory. One of the key advantages of this method is that the synthesis can be "activated" whenever or wherever silver nanoparticles are needed, by premixing the reactants and irradiating the final solution with UV radiation. UV irradiance was determined by using Keitz's theory. This argument has been verified by premixing the reagents and deposited them in an enclosed space (away from sunlight) at 25 °C, then checking them for three days. Nothing happened, unless the sample was directly irradiated by UV light. Further, obtained materials were monitored for 390 days and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, UV-VIS, and transmission electron microscopy.
Effects of Oral Adsorbent AST-120 (Kremezin<sup>®</sup>) on Renal Function and Glomerular Injury in Early-Stage Renal Failure of Subtotal Nephrectomized Rats (2002)

The aim of the present study was to determine if treatment with an oral adsorbent (AST-120, Kremezin) might decrease the urinary albumin excretion and serum indoxyl sulfate (s-IS), and prevent glomerular sclerosis in early-stage renal failure, i.e. 0.9-1.2 mg/dl of serum creatinine (s-Cr) and 60-95 mg/dl of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), in subtotal (3/4) nephrectomized rats. Levels of s-Cr and s-IS in the AST-120-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the untreated control rats. The AST-120-treated rats showed an increase of creatinine clearance. Urinary protein and indoxyl sulfate excretion in the AST-120-treated rats were also significantly lower than those in the untreated control rats. The ratio of glomerular tuft area to the area of Bowman's capsules (GT/BC) in the AST-120-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the untreated control rats. The degree of glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the AST-120-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the untreated control rats. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship among the degree of GT/BC, glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the levels of urinary protein excretion. It appears that AST-120 might decrease the accumulation of s-Cr and s-IS, and prevent glomerular sclerosis in early stage renal failure in the subtotal nephrectomized rats.
3D-Printing of Meso-structurally Ordered Carbon Fiber/Polymer Composites with Unprecedented Orthotropic Physical Properties (2017)

Here we report the first example of a class of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced composite (AMCFRC) materials which have been achieved through the use of a latent thermal cured aromatic thermoset resin system, through an adaptation of direct ink writing (DIW) 3D-printing technology. We have developed a means of printing high performance thermoset carbon fiber composites, which allow the fiber component of a resin and carbon fiber fluid to be aligned in three dimensions via controlled micro-extrusion and subsequently cured into complex geometries. Characterization of our composite systems clearly show that we achieved a high order of fiber alignment within the composite microstructure, which in turn allows these materials to outperform equivalently filled randomly oriented carbon fiber and polymer composites. Furthermore, our AM carbon fiber composite systems exhibit highly orthotropic mechanical and electrical responses as a direct result of the alignment of carbon fiber bundles in the microscale which we predict will ultimately lead to the design of truly tailorable carbon fiber/polymer hybrid materials having locally programmable complex electrical, thermal and mechanical response.
The Primary Structure of Escherichia coli L-Threonine Dehydrogenase (1989)

The complete primary structures of Escherichia coli L-threonine dehydrogenase has been deduced by sequencing the cloned tdh gene. The primary structure so determined agrees with results obtained independently for the amino acid composition, the N-terminal amino acid sequence (20 residues), and a short sequence at the end of an internal peptide of the purified enzyme. The presence of a predicted Asp-Pro bond at residues 148 and 149 was confirmed by treatment of purified threonine dehydrogenase with dilute acid and subsequent analysis of the resulting cleavage products. The primary structure of L-threonine dehydrogenase from E. coli has been examined for possible homology to other NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases; indications are that this enzyme is a member of the zinc-containing long-chain alcohol/polyol dehydrogenase family.
Whole-genome sequencing and identification of Morganella morganii KT pathogenicity-related genes (2012)

This is the first genome sequence of M. morganii, which is a clinically relevant pathogen. Comparative genome analysis revealed several pathogenicity-related genes and novel genes not found in the genomes of other members of Proteeae. Thus, the genome sequence of M. morganii provides important information concerning virulence and determinants of fitness in this pathogen.
Integrable active microvalve with surface micromachined curled-up actuator (2002)

An integrable electrostatic microvalve consisting of a curled-up cantilever movable part and a square valve orifice comprising of three pyramidal channels in tandem is presented. The curled-up cantilever, which consists of a silicon dioxide beam with a very thin layer of Cr, is formed by surface micromachining. The valve orifice is fabricated by bulk micromachining in such a way as to merge with the surface micromachining process. This process provided better control of the orifice dimensions. Measured switching voltage of 30 volts has been obtained. Linear flow versus differential pressure characteristics have been obtained from this type of triple tandem pyramidal orifice.
New Concepts in Von Willebrand Disease (2004)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) behaves as an extracellular adapter molecule, linking platelets to the extracellular matrix at sites of vascular injury. These interactions are crucial for hemostasis. Too little platelet adhesion causes bleeding that is typical of von Willebrand disease, whereas too much platelet adhesion may cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Mutations in VWF or platelet glycoprotein Ib can either reduce or increase the affinity of platelet binding. Paradoxically, affinity changes in either direction cause bleeding. Crystallographic studies now suggest molecular explanations for all of these phenotypes. Clinical investigations of von Willebrand disease type 1 are defining the relationship between plasma VWF level and the risk of bleeding or thrombosis. Emerging data suggest that VWF level is a useful biomarker for the risk of either bleeding or thrombosis and could be incorporated into a comprehensive approach to treat or prevent these adverse events.
A New Method for Extracting Base Resistance in Bipolar Transistors (2005)

The base resistance extraction method presented by Linder and coworkers (2001) requires an array of dual-base npn test structures to separate the intrinsic base resistance from its extrinsic counterpart (denoted as R/sub BI/ and R/sub BX/, respectively). This requirement imposes real-estate constraints, especially when the nonproduct silicon area is limited. In contrast, we propose a new technique for R/sub BI/ and R/sub BX/ extraction using only one (rather than multiple) dual-base devices. The physics behind this technique is that current injection swings from one side of the emitter window to the other as a result of a polarity switch of the dc bias difference (/spl Delta/V/sub B/) between the two separate bases. Specifically, as a constant current I/sub E/ is pulled out of the emitter, the emitter voltage (V/sub E/) is monitored as a function of /spl Delta/V/sub B/. A closed-form solution for the partial derivative of V/sub E/ with respect to /spl Delta/V/sub B/ is derived from a physics-based model. The solution predicts that k/sub 1/+k/sub 2/=1 and R/sub BI//R/sub BX/=k/sub 1//k/sub 2/-1, where k/sub 1/ and k/sub 2/ are defined as the asymptotic values of the V/sub E/ versus /spl Delta/V/sub B/ slopes at very high positive and negative /spl Delta/V/sub B/, respectively. A dual-base test structure with an emitter size of 0.4/spl times/4.0 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is fabricated using a self-aligned, double-poly process, and k/sub 1/=0.85 and k/sub 2/=0.15 are extracted. As a result, we obtain R/sub BI//R/sub BX/=4.67 and an intrinic base sheet resistance of 15.7 k/spl Omega///spl square/.
Learning to Ask (2019)

Product search is generally recognized as the first and foremost stage of online shopping and thus significant for users and retailers of e-commerce. Most of the traditional retrieval methods use some similarity functions to match the user's query and the document that describes a product, either directly or in a latent vector space. However, user queries are often too general to capture the minute details of the specific product that a user is looking for. In this paper, we propose a novel interactive method to effectively locate the best matching product. The method is based on the assumption that there is a set of candidate questions for each product to be asked. In this work, we instantiate this candidate set by making the hypothesis that products can be discriminated by the entities that appear in the documents associated with them. We propose a Question-based Sequential Bayesian Product Search method, QSBPS, which directly queries users on the expected presence of entities in the relevant product documents. The method learns the product relevance as well as the reward of the potential questions to be asked to the user by being trained on the search history and purchase behavior of a specific user together with that of other users. The experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the performance of product search compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.
A Random Forest-based Approach for Hand Gesture Recognition with Wireless Wearable Motion Capture Sensors (2019)

Gesture Recognition has a prominent importance in smart environment and home automation. Thanks to the availability of Machine Learning approaches it is possible for users to define gestures that can be associated with commands for the smart environment. In this paper we propose a Random Forest-based approach for Gesture Recognition of hand movements starting from wireless wearable motion capture data. In the presented approach, we evaluate different feature extraction procedures to handle gestures and data with different duration. To enhance reproducibility of our results and to foster research in the Gesture Recognition area, we share the dataset that we have collected and exploited for the present work.
Electronic structures and long-range electron transfer through DNA molecules (2000)

Quantum chemical calculation on an entire molecule of segments of native DNA was performed in an ab initio scheme with a simulated aqueous solution environment by overlapping dimer approximation and negative factor counting method. The hopping conductivity was worked out by random walk theory and compared with recent experiment. We conclude that electronic transport in native DNA molecules should be caused by hopping among different bases as well as phosphates and sugar rings. Bloch type transport through the delocalized molecular orbitals on the whole molecular system also takes part in the electronic transport, but should be much weaker than hopping. The complementary strand of the double helix could raise the hopping conductivity for more than 2 orders of magnitudes, while the phosphate and sugar ring backbone could increase the hopping conductivity through the base stacks for about 1 order of magnitude. DNA could transport electrons easily through the base stacks of its double helix but not its single strand. Therefore, the dominate factor that influences the electronic transfer through DNA molecules is the π stack itself instead of the backbone. The final conclusion is that DNA can function as a molecular wire in its double helix form with the conditions that it should be doped, the transfer should be a multistep hopping process, and the time period of the transfer should be comparable with that of an elementary chemical reaction. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 78: 112–130, 2000