gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The neonicotinoid insecticide Clothianidin adversely affects immune signaling in a human cell line (2017)

Clothianidin is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, which is a potent agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in insects. This neurotoxic compound has a negative impact on insect immunity, as it down-regulates the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Given the evolutionary conserved role of NF-κB in the modulation of the immune response in the animal kingdom, here we want to assess any effect of Clothianidin on vertebrate defense barriers. In presence of this neonicotinoid insecticide, a pro-inflammatory challenge with LPS on the human monocytic cell line THP-1 results both in a reduced production of the cytokine TNF-α and in a down-regulation of a reporter gene under control of NF-κB promoter. This finding is corroborated by a significant impact of Clothianidin on the transcription levels of different immune genes, characterized by a core disruption of TRAF4 and TRAF6 that negatively influences NF-κB signaling. Moreover, exposure to Clothianidin concurrently induces a remarkable up-regulation of NGFR, which supports the occurrence of functional ties between the immune and nervous systems. These results suggest a potential risk of immunotoxicity that neonicotinoids may have on vertebrates, which needs to be carefully assessed at the organism level.
Case for an Improved Effective-Atomic Number for the Electronic Baggage Scanning Program (2012)

Abstract not provided
Nucleation of Crystals from Solution: Classical and Two-Step Models (2009)

Crystallization is vital to many processes occurring in nature and in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Notably, crystallization is an attractive isolation step for manufacturing because this single process combines both particle formation and purification. Almost all of the products based on fine chemicals, such as dyes, explosives, and photographic materials, require crystallization in their manufacture, and more than 90% of all pharmaceutical products contain bioactive drug substances and excipients in the crystalline solid state. Hence control over the crystallization process allows manufacturers to obtain products with desired and reproducible properties. We judge the quality of a crystalline product based on four main properties: size, purity, morphology, and crystal structure. The pharmaceutical industry in particular requires production of the desired crystal form (polymorph) to assure the bioavailability and stability of the drug substance. In solution crystallization, nucleation plays a decisive role in determining the crystal structure and size distribution. Therefore, understanding the fundamentals of nucleation is crucial to achieve control over these properties. Because of its analytical simplicity, researchers have widely applied classical nucleation theory to solution crystallization. However, a number of differences between theoretical predictions and experimental results suggest that nucleation of solids from solution does not proceed via the classical pathway but follows more complex routes. In this Account, we discuss the shortcomings of classical nucleation theory and review studies contributing to the development of the modern two-step model. In the two-step model that was initially proposed for protein crystallization, a sufficient-sized cluster of solute molecules forms first, followed by reorganization of that cluster into an ordered structure. In recent experimental and theoretical studies, we and other researchers have demonstrated the applicability of the two-step mechanism to both macromolecules and small organic molecules, suggesting that this mechanism may underlie most crystallization processes from solutions. Because we have observed an increase in the organization time of appropriate lattice structures with greater molecular complexity, we propose that organization is the rate-determining step. Further development of a clearer picture of nucleation may help determine the optimum conditions necessary for the effective organization within the clusters. In addition, greater understanding of these processes may lead to the design of auxiliaries that can increase the rate of nucleation and avoid the formation of undesired solid forms, allowing researchers to obtain the final product in a timely and reproducible manner.
Technetium and Astatine Chemistry (1959)

Following a major shortage of 99Mo in the 2009–2010 period, concern grew that the aging reactor production facilities needed to be replaced. Most producers were using highly enriched 235U (HEU) as the target material. The Organisation for Economic Co-...Read More
Genetic Control of Obesity and Gut Microbiota Composition in Response to High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet in Mice (2020)

Obesity is a highly heritable disease driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of loci contributing to obesity; however, a major limitation of these studies is the inability to assess environmental interactions common to obesity. Using a systems genetics approach, we measured obesity traits, global gene expression, and gut microbiota composition in response to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet of more than 100 inbred strains of mice. Here we show that HF/HS feeding promotes robust, strain-specific changes in obesity that is not accounted for by food intake and provide evidence for a genetically determined set-point for obesity. GWAS analysis identified 11 genome-wide significant loci associated with obesity traits, several of which overlap with loci identified in human studies. We also show strong relationships between genotype and gut microbiota plasticity during HF/HS feeding and identify gut microbial phylotypes associated with obesity.
Software Engineering in Industrial Automation: State-of-the-Art Review (2013)

This paper presents one perspective on recent developments related to software engineering in the industrial automation sector that spans from manufacturing factory automation to process control systems and energy automation systems. The survey's methodology is based on the classic SWEBOK reference document that comprehensively defines the taxonomy of software engineering domain. This is mixed with classic automation artefacts, such as the set of the most influential international standards and dominating industrial practices. The survey focuses mainly on research publications which are believed to be representative of advanced industrial practices as well.
Direct fibrogenic effects of aldosterone on normotensive kidney: an effect modified by 11β-HSD activity (2010)

Aldosterone (Aldo) can be a profibrotic factor in cardiovascular and renal tissues. This study tests the hypothesis that prolonged Aldo exposure is able to directly induce fibrotic changes in the kidney of a normal nonhypertensive animal. Immortalized rat proximal tubule cells (IRPTC) containing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) but no mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (IMCD) containing 11β-HSD2 and MR were examined. IRPTC exposed to Aldo or corticosterone (10 nM) for 48 h demonstrated no change in collagen production as assessed by Sirius red staining. In contrast, IMCD treated with Aldo exhibited a marked increase in the expression of collagen, fibronectin, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), whereas corticosterone alone had no effect. The Aldo-induced overexperession of collagen, fibronectin, and CTGF was substantially attenuated by the MR antagonist RU-318 and by the 11β-HSD end product 11-dehydrocorticosterone, but not by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486. In vivo, early fibrotic changes with elevated collagen, fibronectin, and CTGF expression were observed in kidneys isolated from normotensive adrenalectomized mice receiving a continuous infusion of Aldo (8 μg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 1 wk. These changes were not present in corticosterone-treated mice. Aldo-induced changes were attenuated in adrenally intact mice and in mice treated with RU-318 or 11-dehydrocorticosterone. Thus, extended Aldo exposure produces fibrotic changes in cells containing MR and in normal kidneys. MR antagonists and the end products of 11β-HSD attenuate these fibrogenic effects.
Neuronal adenosine release, and not astrocytic ATP release, mediates feedback inhibition of excitatory activity (2012)

Adenosine is a potent anticonvulsant acting on excitatory synapses through A1 receptors. Cellular release of ATP, and its subsequent extracellular enzymatic degradation to adenosine, could provide a powerful mechanism for astrocytes to control the activity of neural networks during high-intensity activity. Despite adenosine's importance, the cellular source of adenosine remains unclear. We report here that multiple enzymes degrade extracellular ATP in brain tissue, whereas only Nt5e degrades AMP to adenosine. However, endogenous A1 receptor activation during cortical seizures in vivo or heterosynaptic depression in situ is independent of Nt5e activity, and activation of astrocytic ATP release via Ca(2+) photolysis does not trigger synaptic depression. In contrast, selective activation of postsynaptic CA1 neurons leads to release of adenosine and synaptic depression. This study shows that adenosine-mediated synaptic depression is not a consequence of astrocytic ATP release, but is instead an autonomic feedback mechanism that suppresses excitatory transmission during prolonged activity.
Version management in Gypsy (1988)

This paper describes the Version Manager of the Gypsy programming support environment, and its integration with the object-oriented extension of Unix1 on which it is built.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepines in Acid Medium: Formation of Imines or Enamines. (1988)

Abstract On treatment with HCl N‐unsubstituted benzazepines react to give imines, e.g. (II) or (IV), while the N‐substituted compounds (V) react under formation of the enamines (VI).
The complex nature of serum C3 and C4 as biomarkers of lupus renal flare (2010)

To assess the relationship between serum C3 or C4 levels and lupus renal flare, C3 and C4 levels were measured bimonthly in 71 lupus nephritis patients for a mean of 35 months, during which time 70 renal flares were identified. Comparing baseline, pre-flare, and at-flare values indicated that neither C3 nor C4 levels decreased pre-flare, but both decreased on average significantly at flare. However, sensitivity/specificity for C3 (75%/71%) and C4 (48%/71%) were low. To account for other influencing factors, multiple regression was performed that included bimonthly values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and genotype data on C3 (S/F), CRP (1846G > A), and the complement regulator factor H (Y402H). This analysis revealed that reduced levels of C4, but not C3, were independently associated with the two-month pre-flare period. Conversely, reduced levels of C3, but not C4, were independently associated with the flare visit. Significant pro-flare interactions included low C3 levels with the factor H 402HH-encoding genotype, and low CRP levels with the C3 F allele. Together these data suggest that C4 activation is critical for initiating renal flare while C3 activation is involved in the actual tissue damage, and that these effects are influenced by genetic variability in complement activation and regulation.
Enhanced binding by cultured human fibroblasts of apo-E-containing lipoproteins as compared with low density lipoproteins (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced binding by cultured human fibroblasts of apo-E-containing lipoproteins as compared with low density lipoproteinsThomas L. Innerarity and Robert W. MahleyCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 8, 1440–1447Publication Date (Print):April 18, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00601a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00601a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations323LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fatigue Properties of the Hoffmann-Vidal External Fixation Apparatus (1984)

Fatigue tests of the standard HoffmannVidal (H-V) external fixator were performed. After 2,500,000 cycles, fractures occurred in the post attached to the pin bracket. The screws on the pin fixation bracket tend to become loose after cyclic loading test, and periodic tightening of all the fixation screws on a H-V apparatus is recommended under in vivo application. In repeated tightening of individual joints, screws on the pin brackets and adjustable connecting rods fractured. Deformation of the retaining set screws in the universal ball joints caused joint stiffness reduction. Severe abrasive wear of the joint surfaces was observed after repeated tightening. It is concluded that this apparatus may be safely used for four to five six-month clinical applications, provided that the critical parts are replaced between sequential applications. Suggestions for clinical management and recommendations for component modifications are made.
Single projector multiview displays: directional illumination compared to beam steering (2010)

We present two multiview rear projection concepts that use only one projector with a digital micromirror device light modulator. The first concept is based on time sequentially illuminating the light modulator from different directions. Each illumination direction reflects on the light modulator toward a different viewing zone. We designed an illumination system that generates all distinct illumination beams and a lens system integrated into the projection screen to enlarge the viewing angles. The latter is crucial since the viewing extent of the viewing zones decreases inversely proportional to the size of the projected image. A second concept is based on a specific projection screen architecture that steers images into different horizontal directions. In this way, the entire acceptance ´etendue of the projection system can be used for every image. This is achieved by moving a double-sided lenticular sheet horizontally with respect to a sheet of microlenses with a square footprint. Both concepts are investigated with advanced optical simulations.
AN ULTRA-BROADBAND, COPLANAR-WAVEGUIDE FED CIRCULAR MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS (2009)

A planar, circular monopole antenna (PCMA) with satisfactory radiation characteristics over an ultra-broadband is demonstrated. Compared to the classical coplanar-waveguide (CPW) fed PCMA, the radiation characteristics of the proposed CPW-fed PCMA are signiflcantly improved, particularly at the frequencies around the higher band edge. This improvement is achieved by exploiting a tapered and periodically corrugated edge design to the CPW ground plane. The tapered and corrugated ground-plane edge design, in essence, modifles the current distribution on the circular disc as well as along the edges of the ground plane. With this design, the cross polarization radiation is remarkably reduced, and the pattern deterioration, especially at the planes perpendicular to the plane of the antenna, is greatly alleviated. The demonstrated CPW- fed PCMA features an over 150% VSWR = 2 fractional bandwidth (0.81{5.87GHz) and promises satisfactory radiation characteristics over the entire band. The proposed PCMA is poised for applications in wideband/ultra-wideband communication systems.
Sulfonated RAFT Copolymers as Heparin Mimetics: Synthesis, Reactivity Ratios, and Anticoagulant Activity (2020)

The glycosaminoglycan heparin is a clinically important anticoagulant drug, primarily used to reduce the risk of blood clots (thrombosis) during surgery. Despite its importance in medicine and its continuous use over many decades, heparin suffers from several limitations associated with its heterogeneity and its extraction from animal tissues. In order to address these limitations, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is utilized to prepare a library of heparin mimetic copolymers from the sulfonated monomers sodium 4-styrene sulfonate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl acrylate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate. Copolymers are prepared using combinations of two different monomers in various ratios. Monomer reactivity ratios are also determined for some representative monomer combinations, and all polymers are characterized by <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of the copolymers are determined by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin clotting time assays and structure-activity relationships are explored.
Parameter estimation for optimal disassembly planning (2007)

Due to the rapid increase of technological waste in recent years, it has become necessary to find ways of handling the waste in an economically sound and environmentally benign manner. In order to do so, many groups are attempting to disassemble obsolete products in order to reuse or recycle the various components and/or materials such products are comprised. To ease in the disassembly procedure of these products, this paper describes an expert system, consisting of a Disassembly Petri network (DPN) and a Hybrid Bayesian network (HBN), for optimal disassembly planning. The DPN, the HBN, the interaction between the DPN and the HBN, and the use of inference with the HBN are briefly discussed. Specifically, the paper focuses on ascertaining the parameters of the nodes in the HBN with the use of data collected during the disassembly process and a method for the structure learning of nodes which influence the logistic nodes in the HBN.
The role of nutrition in children's neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood (2013)

This review examines the current evidence for a possible connection between nutritional intake (including micronutrients and whole diet) and neurocognitive development in childhood. Earlier studies which have investigated the association between nutrition and cognitive development have focused on individual micronutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, iron, iodine, and zinc, and single aspects of diet. The research evidence from observational studies suggests that micronutrients may play an important role in the cognitive development of children. However, the results of intervention trials utilizing single micronutrients are inconclusive. More generally, there is evidence that malnutrition can impair cognitive development, whilst breastfeeding appears to be beneficial for cognition. Eating breakfast is also beneficial for cognition. In contrast, there is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the association between obesity and cognition. Since individuals consume combinations of foods, more recently researchers have become interested in the cognitive impact of diet as a composite measure. Only a few studies to date have investigated the associations between dietary patterns and cognitive development. In future research, more well designed intervention trials are needed, with special consideration given to the interactive effects of nutrients.
Crosstalk between Fisetin-induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2018)

Fisetin (3,3-,4-,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a 5-year survival rate lower than that of most other carcinomas, and can create functional and aesthetic problems for the patient. New therapies for OSCC are necessary, and treatment using plant-derived natural substances has recently become a trend. It has been suggested that autophagy may play an important role in cancer therapy. Several studies demonstrated that autophagy inhibition enhances apoptotic cell death. Therefore, autophagy inhibition might be a promising therapeutic method against OSCC. Our results showed that fisetin induced apoptotic cell death in human tongue squamous cell line Ca9-22 could be enhanced by inhibition of autophagy. Thus, autophagy process in fisetin treated OSCC might presumed to play a role of pro-survival. The combination of fisetin and an effective autophagy inhibitor could be a potentially adjuvant and useful treatment for oral cancer.
Solar Energy Applications on Military Bases (2004)

The goals of the DOD-solar study were to identify potentially economic solar-energy projects on specific military bases and to define the necessary steps to install solar projects in the near term. Five classes of mature solar technologies were investigated: crystalline photovoltaics, solar hot water, transpired collectors (solar wall), pool heaters, and daylighting. Approximately 500 military bases/facilities were screened using simple payback models that used site-specific data for insolation, conventional energy prices, and financial incentives for solar. One or more economically viable projects appear to exist at nearly every base analyzed. Most projects are for solar daylighting and solar walls. Several pool and domestic water heating opportunities exist and a number of large photovoltaic projects also appear to be possible. Approximately 30 business-case analyses (BCAs) were performed which represent the larger project potential. Government and private ownership of the solar systems were investigated in the BCAs. Though the potential is large, it appears that a new multi-year DOD program that promotes private ownership needs to be launched before the full potential can be realized.
Electronic structure of Si(100)c(4×2) calculated within theGWapproximation (1993)

The electronic structure of the Si(100)c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) surface has been calculated using a quasiparticle formalism in which the self-energy is evaluated in the GW approximation. The calculated surface state dispersions and band gaps are in good agreement with experiments. The results support the existence of correlated dimer buckling at room temperature. The equilibrium c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) surface obtained from total-energy calculations is 0.14 eV/dimer lower in energy than the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 symmetric dimer surface, exhibits a dimer buckling of 0.69 \AA{}, and has a surface energy of 1.39 eV/(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1).