gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to blood pressure regulation and vascular contraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2012)

Activation of TLRs (Toll-like receptors) induces gene expression of proteins involved in the immune system response. TLR4 has been implicated in the development and progression of CVDs (cardio-vascular diseases). Innate and adaptive immunity contribute to hypertension-associated end-organ damage, although the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. In the present study, we hypothesize that inhibition of TLR4 decreases BP (blood pressure) and improves vascular contractility in resistance arteries from SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats). TLR4 protein expression in mesenteric resistance arteries was higher in 15-week-old SHR than in age-matched Wistar controls or in 5-week-old SHR. To decrease the activation of TLR4, 15-week-old SHR and Wistar rats were treated with anti-TLR4 (anti-TLR4 antibody) or non-specific IgG control antibody for 15 days (1 μg per day, intraperitoneal). Treatment with anti-TLR4 decreased MAP (mean arterial pressure) as well as TLR4 protein expression in mesenteric resistance arteries and IL-6 (interleukin 6) serum levels from SHR when compared with SHR treated with IgG. No changes in these parameters were found in treated Wistar control rats. Mesenteric resistance arteries from anti-TLR4-treated SHR exhibited decreased maximal contractile response to NA (noradrenaline) compared with IgG-treated SHR. Inhibition of COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-1 and COX-2, enzymes related to inflammatory pathways, decreased NA responses only in mesenteric resistance arteries of SHR treated with IgG. COX-2 expression and TXA2 (thromboxane A2) release were decreased in SHR treated with anti-TLR4 compared with IgG-treated SHR. Our results suggest that TLR4 activation contributes to increased BP, low-grade inflammation and plays a role in the augmented vascular contractility displayed by SHR.
The Control of Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Escherichia coli (1970)

Abstract The preceding paper in this series presented evidence implicating an unusual phosphorylated compound (MS I) as a possible inhibitor of RNA accumulation during amino acid starvation of stringent strains of Escherichia coli. Here a method is described for isolating MS I from batch cultures of a stringent valyl transfer RNA synthetase mutant. Chemical analyses indicate that MS I is a tetraphosphate of guanosine. However, in contrast to previously described isomers of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppppG and pppGp), MS I is labile in alkali. Charge considerations, enzyme degradation studies, and labilities in acid and alkali lead to a structural assignment for MS I of guanosine 5'-diphosphate or 3'- or 2'-diphosphate (ppGpp).
Cloning and Expression of Class A β-Lactamase Gene blaA BPS in Burkholderia pseudomallei (2002)

The beta-lactamase gene blaA(BPS) in Burkholderia pseudomallei was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. BPS-1 is a cephalosporinase with an isoelectric point of 7.7. Sequence analysis of BPS-1 revealed conserved motifs typical of class A beta-lactamases and a relationship to the PenA (in B. cepacia) and BlaI (in Yersinia enterocolitica) lineages.
GAMBARAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN KADAR HBA1C PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS DI LABORATORIUM RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SURYA HUSADHA TAHUN 2013 (2015)

THE HBA1C RESULT TEST OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE LABORATORY OF SURYA HUSADHA HOSPITAL 2013 Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. In 2010, an estimated 285 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide and in 2030 an estimated 438 million people will suffer from diabetes worldwide. Effect caused by hyperglycemia affect the vascular system and long-term health, it takes the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus quickly and accurately. The diagnosis of diabetes can be enforced through a lot of things, one of which is a measurement of HbA1C (Glycated Hemoglobin atau Glycosylated Hemoglobin) levels. On examination of HbA1c does not require patients to fast, the results were not influenced by short-term lifestyle of the patient, because the patient's HbA1C describe long-term (2-3 months) blood sugar and blood sugar control patients. Indonesian Society of Endocrinology (PERKENI) in 2006 has categorized the results of laboratory tests HbA1C levels into 3 variables, good control (HbA1c levels <6.5%), moderate control (HbA1c levels of 6.5% - 8%), and poor control (HbA1c levels ? 8%). This study aims to describe the results of HbA1C levels in people with diabetes mellitus in the Laboratory of Surya Husadha Hospital during the year 2013. This study used cross sectional design, non experimental data obtained retrospectively from Surya Husadha Hospital Laboratory. The sample was all the result of HbA1C level among patients who were tested in the Surya Husadha Hospital Laboratory in 2013 with total 173 people. The result of this study was from 173 people who done the HbA1C level test in the Surya Husdha Hospital Laboratory in 2013, the results HbA1C levels of disease control, showed that good control was 64 people (36%), moderate controls was 46 people (25.8%) and poor control was 68 people (38.2%). Characteristics of patients according to gender, the male gender was 110 people (61.8%) and female gender was 68 persons (38.2%).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereofacial Controlled Addition Reaction of Alkoxymethyl Ketones Modified by (2R,4R)‐2,4‐Pentanediol with Organometallics. (1990)

Abstract The chiral alkoxyacetophenone (I) is treated with the methylmetal compounds (II) to yield mixtures of the diastereomeric carbinols (III) and (IV).
Modeling Air Flow in Pathological Human Airway With Patient Specific CT-Data (2021)

Abstract This study investigates the effects of different pathological conditions of human trachea on flow distribution in the tracheo-bronchial tree (TBT) of human airways. Pathological conditions including hereditary Left Pulmonary Artery Sling (LPAS) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) often cause stenosis in the tracheal airway while a widening of the airway has been reported for patients with pulmonary fibrosis. This study assesses the airflow distribution in the human airway under such pathological conditions relative to normal flow condition, utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Realistic 3D airway geometry is first reconstructed from anonymized CT scan data of human respiratory system and used for the CFD analysis. Specific pathological conditions are simulated by the modification of the tracheal geometry to account for the consequent shape deviation, and the resulting flow in the central airway is analyzed. Different breathing conditions (rest and mild activity) are modeled by imposing appropriate boundary conditions. The results demonstrate marked dependence of the predicted flow distribution and wall shear stress in the trachea on the pathological conditions. Tracheal stenosis exhibits mass flow split between the right and left bronchi similar to healthy case while bronchial stenosis significantly changes the mass flow split with less air coming out of the left main bronchus compared to the healthy case. The next phase of the study aims to assess the effect of the upstream vessel obstruction on the spatio-temporal airflow distribution in the lung and the overall breathing pattern. Such capabilities will directly address the regional flow distribution associated with diseases such as COPD and LPAS.
Reliable real-time triple-frequency cycle slip detection and recovery with adaptive detection thresholds (2019)

Abstract Fast and reliable cycle slip detection is a prerequisite for successive ambiguity resolution and precise positioning. For dual-frequency signals, sometimes small cycle slips or particular cycle slips cannot be detected. Benefiting from the triple-frequency signals of global navigation satellite systems, more useful linear combinations can be selected to reduce or avoid the cycle slips otherwise difficult to detect. We propose an improved algorithm with three independent geometry-free combinations to detect and recover potential cycle slips. To improve the reliability of cycle slip detection, adaptive thresholds determined using the posterior total noise of the approximately normal-distributed time-differenced combinations are used, rather than fixed thresholds by a priori information such as the measurement noise and ionosphere residual. After the detection procedure, four different types of detection results are obtained, and the corresponding recovery strategies are applied. In this way, we can reliably detect and recover potential integer cycle slips. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, numerical analysis is carried out using observation data of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System with real cycle slips. Different types of cycle slips are also discussed. The results show that the proposed algorithm can reliably avoid false-acceptance or false-rejection caused by the fixed thresholds, and correctly detect and recover different kinds of integer cycle slips for the experimental data with a 1 s sampling rate.
Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination Varies by Level of Access to Piped Water and Sewerage: An Analysis of Childhood Clinic Visits for Diarrhea in Peru, 2005–2015 (2020)

Improved water/sanitation may operate synergistically with rotavirus vaccination to reduce childhood clinic visits for diarrhea in Peru.
Development of on-line monitoring device to detect the presence/absence of sodium vapor (1983)

A process is being developed by the Sodium Waste Technology Program at ANL-W to remove metallic sodium from scrap and waste. The final step in the process is the removal of residual metallic sodium by evaporation at temperatures up to 482/sup 0/C (900/sup 0/F) and at pressures of about 10/sup -2/ torr (1.3 Pa). Efficient operation of this process requires that the operators have a method to indicate the completion of the evaporation. This end point would signify when the chamber and scrap and waste is free of metallic sodium. It was determined that a measure of the vacuum was not sufficiently sensitive, and a research effort was undertaken to select an on-line monitoring device. In this effort, three promising methods were reviewed. The use of quadrupole mass spectrometer was recommended and an on-line device was designed for use in a Sodium Process Demonstration (SPD) Plant.
Lectin Engineering, a Molecular Evolutionary Approach to Expanding the Lectin Utilities (2015)

In the post genomic era, glycomics--the systematic study of all glycan structures of a given cell or organism--has emerged as an indispensable technology in various fields of biology and medicine. Lectins are regarded as "decipherers of glycans", being useful reagents for their structural analysis, and have been widely used in glycomic studies. However, the inconsistent activity and availability associated with the plant-derived lectins that comprise most of the commercially available lectins, and the limit in the range of glycan structures covered, have necessitated the development of innovative tools via engineering of lectins on existing scaffolds. This review will summarize the current state of the art of lectin engineering and highlight recent technological advances in this field. The key issues associated with the strategy of lectin engineering including selection of template lectin, construction of a mutagenesis library, and high-throughput screening methods are discussed.
SPE2-Novel 7OOOC Selective Epitaxial Growth Technology for Elevated SourceDrain (2001)

A novel low thermal-budget process for elevated source/ drain (S/D) was developed utilizing solid phase epitaxy (SPE) followed by vapor phase selective etching. The high temperature H, pre-clean was omitted by the use of oxide mediated SPE (OMSPE). The maximum temperature through the process was only 700°C. The vapor phase selective etching could also be performed at 700°C. The polycrystalline-Si (poly-Si) gate was protected with SiN barrier so as not to be etched during the selective etching. This process is a potential solution for the elevated S/D structure for O.lpm devices and beyond.
A high-voltage non-aqueous hybrid supercapacitor based on the N2200 polymer supported over multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2021)

P(NDI2OD-T2), also known as Polyera ActivInk N2200, is a widely accepted non-fullerene acceptor polymer that is used prominently in the energy harvesting application due to its ease of synthesis, high electron mobility, and other desirable semiconducting properties. With its recent foray into energy storage applications, there is tremendous potential for developing composites of N2200 with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve its electrical properties and extend its applicability. Here we report a facile synthesis of an N2200 composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) following an in situ approach to include MWCNTs into the polymer matrix, improving its electrochemical performance in an organic electrolyte (1 M LiClO<sub>4</sub>/propylene carbonate). The composite material with an optimum MWCNT content exhibits prominent redox behavior delivering a specific capacity of 80 mA h g<sup>-1</sup><sub>(polymer)</sub> in a standard three-electrode cell. Moreover, the N2200/MWCNT composite material showing a battery-type electrochemical signature could perform as an efficient negative electrode in a high-voltage (2.4 V) hybrid supercapacitor device comprising capacitive activated carbon as the positive electrode.
VQA-based Robotic State Recognition Optimized with Genetic Algorithm (2023)

State recognition of objects and environment in robots has been conducted in various ways. In most cases, this is executed by processing point clouds, learning images with annotations, and using specialized sensors. In contrast, in this study, we propose a state recognition method that applies Visual Question Answering (VQA) in a Pre-Trained Vision-Language Model (PTVLM) trained from a large-scale dataset. By using VQA, it is possible to intuitively describe robotic state recognition in the spoken language. On the other hand, there are various possible ways to ask about the same event, and the performance of state recognition differs depending on the question. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of state recognition using VQA, we search for an appropriate combination of questions using a genetic algorithm. We show that our system can recognize not only the open/closed of a refrigerator door and the on/off of a display, but also the open/closed of a transparent door and the state of water, which have been difficult to recognize.
NB-IoT system for M2M communication (2016)

In 3GPP, a narrowband system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being introduced to support the Internet of Things. This system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), can be deployed in three different operation modes - (1) stand-alone as a dedicated carrier, (2) in-band within the occupied bandwidth of a wideband LTE carrier, and (3) within the guard-band of an existing LTE carrier. In stand-alone operation mode, NB-IoT can occupy one GSM channel (200 kHz) while for in-band and guard-band operation modes, it will use one physical resource block of LTE (180 kHz). The design targets of NB-IoT include low-cost devices, high coverage (20-dB improvement over GPRS), long device battery life (more than 10 years), and massive capacity. Latency is relaxed although a delay budget of 10 seconds is the target for exception reports. The specifications for NB-IoT are expected to be finalized in 2016. In this paper, we describe the targets for NB-IoT and present a preliminary system design. In addition, coverage, capacity, latency, and battery life analysis are also presented.
Imaging Features of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Diagnosis to Liver Transplant Follow-up (2019)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the bile ducts that leads to multifocal bile duct fibrosis, strictures, cholestasis, liver parenchymal changes, and ultimately cirrhosis. It more commonly occurs in young adults, with a variety of clinical and imaging manifestations. The cause of the disease is not known, but it has a strong association with inflammatory bowel disease and can overlap with other autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Patients are predisposed to various hepatic and extrahepatic deteriorating complications, such as bile duct and gallbladder calculi, acute bacterial cholangitis, liver abscess, and portal hypertension, as well as malignancies including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. Imaging has an essential role in diagnosis, surveillance, and detection of complications. MR cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography have high specificity and sensitivity for detection of primary disease and assessment of disease progression. However, many patients with PSC are still diagnosed incidentally at US or CT. Novel imaging techniques such as transient elastography and MR elastography are used to survey the grade of liver fibrosis. Annual cancer surveillance is necessary in all PSC patients to screen for CCA and gallbladder cancer. Familiarity with PSC pathogenesis and imaging features across various classic imaging modalities and novel imaging techniques can aid in correct imaging diagnosis and guide appropriate management. The imaging features of the biliary system and liver parenchyma in PSC across various imaging modalities are reviewed. Imaging characteristics of the differential diagnosis of PSC, clinical associations, and complications are described. Finally, the role of imaging in evaluation of PSC progression, pre-liver transplant assessment, and post-liver transplant disease recurrence are discussed.<sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2019.
Anti-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effects of memantine in a SH-SY5Y cell model of Alzheimer's disease via mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent and -independent pathways (2015)

Memantine non-competitively blocks the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in order to inhibit beta-amyloid (Aβ) secretion, and has been used to treat moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the role of memantine in the autophagy and apoptosis of neuronal cells in AD, as well as the association between neuronal autophagy and apoptosis have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to establish an AD cell model overexpressing the 695‑amino‑acid Swedish mutant of Aβ precursor protein (APP695swe) in order to observe the effects of memantine on the cell viability, autophagy and apoptosis of SH‑SY5Y cells in the AD model, and to investigate the associated underlying mechanisms. A pcDNA3.1‑APP695 plasmid was transfected into the SH‑SY5Y cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses demonstrated that the AD cell model was successfully established. MTT assays demonstrated that memantine was able to upregulate neuronal cell survival, and acridine orange staining and flow cytometry demonstrated that memantine (5 µM) was able to inhibit neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. Following neuronal autophagy induction by rapamycin, cell apoptosis rates increased significantly. Further experiments revealed that memantine was able to upregulate the expression of signaling molecules phosphorylated (p)-phosphoinositide 3‑kinase, p‑Akt and p‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and also inhibited the phosphorylation of the B‑cell lymphoma 2/Beclin‑1 complex via mitogen‑activated protein kinase 8. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that in the AD cell model, autophagy was able to promote apoptosis. Memantine exerted anti‑autophagic and anti‑apoptotic functions, and mTOR‑dependent as well as ‑independent autophagic signaling pathways were involved in this process. Therefore, these results of the present study strongly supported the use of memantine as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
The Memory Function of the B Cell Antigen Receptor (2015)

Activated B lymphocytes preserve their antigen experience by differentiating into long-lived pools of antibody-secreting plasma cells or various types of memory B cells (MBCs). The former population constantly produces serum immunoglobulins with sufficient specificity and affinity to thwart infections with recurrent pathogens. By contrast, memory B cell populations retain their antigen receptors on the cell surface and hence need pathogen-induced differentiation steps before they can actively contribute to host defense. The terminal differentiation of MBCs into antibody-secreting plasma cells is hallmarked by the absence of the lag phase characteristic for primary antibody responses. Moreover, secondary antibody responses are predominantly driven by MBCs that bear an antigen receptor of the IgG class on their surface although IgM-positive memory populations exist as well. These fundamental principles of B cell memory were enigmatic for decades. Only recently, we have begun to understand the underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes our current understanding of how different subpopulations of MBCs are generated during primary immune responses and how their functional heterogeneity on antigen recall is controlled by different signaling capabilities of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) isotypes and by the nature of the antigen.
Automatic smoothing by optimal splines (2003)

We propose a method that is capable to filter out noise as well as suppress outliers of sampled real functions under fairly general conditions. From an a priori selection of the number of knots that define the adjusting spline, but not their location in that curve, the method automatically determines the adjusting cubic spline in a least-squares optimal sense. The method is fast and easily allows for selection of various possible number of knots, adding a desirable flexibility to the procedure. As an illustration, we apply the method to some typical situations found in geophysical problems.