gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Lateral Spread of Transgene Expression following Subretinal AAV–Mediated Gene Delivery in Dogs (2013)

Dog models with spontaneously occurring mutations in retinal dystrophy genes are an invaluable resource for preclinical development of retinal gene therapy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been most successful; to target the outer retina and RPE they are delivered by subretinal injection, causing a temporary retinal detachment with some potential for retinal morbidity. A recent reporter gene study using an AAV2/8 vector in dogs reported transgene expression beyond the boundary of the subretinal bleb. This could be a desirable feature which increases the area of retina treated while minimizing the retinal detachment and any associated morbidity. We performed a detailed study of the lateral spread of transgene expression beyond the subretinal injection site following subretinally delivered AAV vectors in normal dogs. Vectors expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) using a small chicken beta-actin promoter. AAV2/2 (quadruple tyrosine to phenylalanine (Y-F) capsid mutant), self-complementary (sc) AAV2/8 (single Y-F capsid mutant) and a scAAV2/5 were used. We found that in all eyes GFP expression involved retina beyond the initial post-injection subretinal bleb boundary. In all eyes there was post-injection spread of the retinal detachment within the first 3 days post procedure and prior to retinal reattachment. In 11/16 eyes this accounted for the entire "lateral spread" of GFP expression while in 5/16 eyes a very slight extension of GFP expression beyond the final boundary of the subretinal bleb could be detected. All 3 AAV constructs induced GFP expression in the nerve fiber layer with spread to the optic nerve. Patients treated by subretinal injection should be monitored for possible expansion of the subretinal injection bleb prior to reattachment. Injections in the para-foveal region may expand to lead to a foveal detachment that may be undesirable. Cell-specific promoters may be required to limit spread of expressed transgene to the brain with these AAV serotypes.
Value of Routine Dengue Diagnostic Tests in Urine and Saliva Specimens (2015)

Although the performances of the different diagnostic methods were not as good in saliva and urine as in plasma specimens, the results obtained by qRT-PCR and by anti-DENV antibody ELISA could well justify the use of these two body fluids to detect dengue infection in situations when the collection of blood specimens is not possible.
Estimation of SRTT using techniques from the practice of SPC and change detection algorithms (2005)

We have employed principles from change detection algorithms and statistical process control (SPC) to improve the estimation of the average of the round-trip time (RTT). Two mechanisms are proposed. The first is based on SPC principles. The other is based on an intuition derived from the log-likelihood ratio concept. Data employed to test the mechanisms are obtained by pinging several nodes on a campus network. Both methods improved the ability to track the change in the mean and take appropriate action.
High-Temperature Superconducting Multilayers and Heterostructures Grown by Atomic Layer-By-Layer Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1995)

Atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE) ofhigh-tem­ perature superconductors (HTSC) and other complex oxides has been developed. Thin films with atomically flat surfaces and abrupt interfaces can be produced an atomic layer at a time. Samples are engineered by stacking molecular layers of diff erent compounds, by adding or omitting atomic monolayers, and by doping within specified monolayers. Novel artificial HTSC compounds such as Bi2Sr2 Ca7CugOx (2278), as well as various heterostructures , have been synthesized in this way. This unique synthetic capability has allowed several fundamental physics issues, such as the dimensionality of the HTSC state, long-range proximity effects, resonant tunneling with a specified number of hops, etc, to be addressed. Trilayer Josephson junctions with uniform and reproducible properties have been fabricated; phase-locked operation of two junctions has also been demonstrated. Finally, titanate slabs only 4-A thick have been grown without pin-holes and shown to provide tunneling barriers for c-axis transport.
Genotype Groups of the Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Puccinia triticina in the United States as Determined by Genotyping by Sequencing (2021)

Wheat leaf rust caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i> is a widespread disease of wheat in the United States and worldwide. Populations of <i>P. triticina</i> are characterized by virulence phenotypes that change rapidly because of selection by wheat cultivars with leaf rust resistance genes. The objective of this study was to genotype collections of <i>P. triticina</i> from 2011 to 2018 in the United States using restriction site-associated genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to determine if recently identified new virulence phenotypes belong to established genotype groups or to groups previously not detected. A total of 158 isolates were phenotyped for virulence on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that are isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes and also genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphism. Eight distinct groups of <i>P. triticina</i> genotypes from common wheat were described based on coancestry, nucleotide divergence, and principal coordinate plots. A separate genotype group had isolates with virulence to durum wheat. Isolates within groups had similar virulence phenotypes, and the overall population had high levels of heterozygosity and high levels of linkage disequilibria, which were all indicators of clonality. Two new genotype groups were described, thereby raising the possibility of new introductions of <i>P. triticina</i>; however, genotypes in these groups may have also originated from somatic nuclear exchange and recombination. A genome-wide association study detected 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms that were highly associated with virulence to 11 resistance genes in the Thatcher near-isogenic lines.
Economic growth and the environment (1992)

The author argues that efficient solutions to environmental problems are a means of improving a country's economic growth prospects and that policies to improve economic growth prospects will help environmental problems be addressed. Among other points he makes: The costs of avoiding pollution or environmental damage are often less than the costs of incurring it. The costs of incurring such damage take many forms, including the impact of air and water pollution on health and amenities, the loss of time and output caused by urban congestion, the health implications of hazardous wastes and poor waste treatment and disposal practices, and the decline in productivity of soils and forests that results from unsustainable agricultural and forestry practices. With exceptions, environmental problems cannot be addressed by market forces alone. In some instances, the costs of environmental damage may be borne wholly or partly by agents other than those responsible for the damage. Some sort of tax, law, regulation, or framework for negotiation will be required to bring about a convergence of private and social interests in reducing damagein an economically desirable way. When policies are not in place, economic growth may intensify environmental damage and eventually be retarded by it. By contrast, when the right policies are in place, not only may such damage (and its impact on growth) be reduced to low levels, but economic growth may help to achieve environmental improvements - through, for example, raising the finance for water and sanitation facilities or for the maintenance of forest and wildlife reserves. The most effective way to reduce environmental damage from economic activities and their expansion is to address it directly - to delink it from economic activities, so to speak - by introducing environmentally superior technologies and practices. Reducing population growth would help relieve environmental pressures in urban and rural areas, but these effects would be small in relation to two other measures: reducing waste and inefficiency and introducing environmentally superior technologies and practices. For the most part, environmental policies succeed because of certain behavioral responses they may cause - in particular, a range of substitutions and technological and managerial changes that give rise to environmentally inoffensive practices. The evidence that pollution has a disproportionately higher impact on low-income groups is overwhelming.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Radioprotection of the Brain White Matter by Mn(III) <i>N</i>-Butoxyethylpyridylporphyrin–Based Superoxide Dismutase Mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP<sup>5+</sup> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4: Model of differential actions of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ in causing the apoptosis of tumor during radiotherapy, while suppressing radation injury to surrounding normal tissue. Such effects are due to the differential redox environment of tumor vs normal cell, in particular much lower ability of cancer cell to remove cytotoxic hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, much higher levels of hydrogen peroxide already exist in tumor cell, and are greatly enhanced upon radiation. In normal cells and tissues, porphyrins suppress cycling inflammatory responses that may result from radiation also.&lt;/p&gt;
CD4 + T Cells from IPEX Patients Convert into Functional and Stable Regulatory T Cells by FOXP3 Gene Transfer (2013)

In humans, mutations in the gene encoding for forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a critically important transcription factor for CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T (T(reg)) cell function, lead to a life-threatening systemic poly-autoimmune disease, known as immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. Severe autoimmunity results from the inborn dysfunction and instability of FOXP3-mutated T(reg) cells. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only current curative option for affected patients. We show here that when CD4⁺ T cells are converted into T(reg) cells after lentivirus-mediated FOXP3 gene transfer, the resulting CD4(FOXP3) T cell population displays stable phenotype and suppressive function, especially when naïve T cells are converted. We further demonstrate that CD4(FOXP3) T cells are stable in inflammatory conditions not only in vitro but also in vivo in a model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. We therefore applied this FOXP3 gene transfer strategy for the development of a T(reg) cell-based therapeutic approach to restore tolerance in IPEX syndrome. IPEX-derived CD4(FOXP3) T cells mirrored T(reg) cells from healthy donors in terms of cellular markers, anergic phenotype, cytokine production, and suppressive function. These findings pave the way for the treatment of IPEX patients by adoptive cell therapy with genetically engineered T(reg) cells and are seminal for future potential application in patients with autoimmune disorders of different origin.
Presumed Neurotrophic Skeletal Disease in Diabetic Kidney Transplant Recipients (1983)

A retrospective review of kidney transplant cases from 1969 to 1974 revealed a 20% incidence of neuropathic skeletal disease among diabetic patients, with the highest incidence occurring in the third and fourth years after transplantation. There were no identifiable differences in immunosuppressive drug management and sex predilection among nondiabetic kidney transplant recipients and the diabetic kidney transplant recipients. The presence of painless swelling in the lower extremity of these at-risk patients should be considered an early sign of impending pathological fracture, joint disruption, or both.
An Update on Treatment and Management of Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2016)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disorder in which 20 % of patients are diagnosed in childhood. Childhood-onset SLE is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than adult-onset SLE. The aims of disease management with early immunosuppression are to decrease disease activity and improve quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary due to the complexity of lupus in pediatric patients. It is important to provide patients with high quality of care and to instill ownership of their disease process from a young age to prepare them to manage this life-long illness. This article reviews current management of SLE in children.
Transjugulärer intrahepatischer portosystemischer Shunt (TIPS): Viatorr- versus Bare-Stent. Eine prospektive, nicht-interventionelle Studie unter „real life“ Bedingungen (2017)

Der prospektive Vergleich von beschichteten Stents (Viatorr (V)) versus unbeschichteten "bare-stents" (BS) unter "real-life" Bedingungen.
Up to Date Records of Long-Stay Patients (1980)

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Ultrathin Organic Electrochemical Transistor with Nonvolatile and Thin Gel Electrolyte for Long‐Term Electrophysiological Monitoring (2019)

Abstract Skin‐based electrical‐signal monitoring is one of the basic and noninvasive diagnostic methods for observing vital signals that contain valuable information about the dynamic status of the inner body. Soft bioelectronic devices are developed for the acquisition of high‐quality biosignals by taking advantage of their inherent thin and soft bodies. Among these devices, the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a promising local transducing amplifier because of its key advantages, such as low operating voltage, high transconductance, and biocompatibility. However, the transistor's direct electrolyte‐gated operation limits its ability to measure biosignals only when the electrolyte exists. Here, an ultrathin OECT‐based wearable electrophysiological sensor based on a thin (≈6 µm) and nonvolatile gel electrolyte is reported, which can operate on dry biological surfaces. This sensor can measure biopotentials with a high mechanical stability and high signal‐to‐noise ratio (24 dB) even from dry surfaces of the human body and also shows stable performance during long‐term continuous monitoring and multiple reuse in a test that lasted more than a week.
Inversion of Surface Parameters Using Fast Learning Neural Networks (2005)

A neural network approach to the inversion of surface scattering parameters is presented. Simulated data sets based on a surface scattering model are used so that the data may be viewed as taken from a completely known randomly rough surface. The fast learning (FL) neural network and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained with backpropagation learning (BP network) are tested on the simulated backscattering data. The RMS error of training the FL network is found to be less than one half the error of the BP network while requiring one to two orders of magnitude less CPU time. When applied to inversion of parameters from a statistically rough surface, the FL method is successful at recovering the surface permittivity, the surface correlation length, and the RMS surface height in less time and with less error than the BP network. Further applications of the FL neural network to the inversion of parameters from backscatter measurements of an inhomogeneous layer above a half space are shown.
Robust Proton Conduction against Mechanical Stress in Flexible Free‐Standing Membrane Composed of Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer (2023)

Abstract Introduction of mechanical flexibility into proton‐conducting coordination polymers (CPs) is in high demand for future protonic applications such as fuel cells and hydrogen sensors. Although such mechanical properties have been primarily investigated in one‐dimensional (1D) CPs, in this study, we successfully fabricated highly flexible free‐standing CP membranes with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, which is beneficial for enhanced performance in the aforementioned applications. We fabricated a layered CP, Cu 2 (NiTCPP) (H 4 (H 2 TCPP); 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin), in which a two‐dimensional (2D) square grid sheet composed of tetradentate nickel porphyrins and paddlewheel‐type copper dimers was connected to each other by weak van der Waals forces. The mechanical flexibility was evaluated by bending and tensile tests. The flexural and Young's moduli of the membrane were significantly higher than those of conventional Nafion membranes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the in‐plane proton conductivity of the membrane was maintained even under applied bending stress. Because the X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the proton‐conducting pathway through the hydrogen bonding network remains intact during the bending operation, our present study provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of new and advanced 2D CPs without using substrates or additional polymers for protonic devices.
Long-range Stripe Nanodomains in Epitaxial (110) BiFeO3 Thin Films on (100) NdGaO3 Substrate (2017)

Here, we report the observation of ferroelectric and ferroelastic nanodomains in (110)-oriented BiFeO<sub>3</sub> (BFO) thin films epitaxially grown on low symmetric (100) NdGaO<sub>3</sub> (NGO) substrate. We observed long range ordering of ferroelectric 109° stripe nanodomains separated by periodic vertical domain walls in as-grown 130 nm thick BFO films. The effect of La<sub>0.67</sub>Sr<sub>0.33</sub>CoO<sub>3</sub> (LSCO) conducting interlayer on domain configurations in BFO/NGO film was also observed with relatively short range-ordering of stripe domains due to the modified electrostatic boundary conditions in BFO/LSCO/NGO film. Additional studies on B-site doping of Nb ions in BFO films showed change in the domain structures due to doping induced change in lattice anisotropy while maintaining the stripe domain morphology with 109° domain wall. This long-range array of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains can be useful for optoelectronic devices and ferroelastic templates for strain coupled artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures.
A Genetic Mutation on Murine Chromosome 7 Causes Thrombocytosis Associated with Thrombopoietin Excess - A Model of Jak2V617F Negative Idiopathic Thrombocytosis. (2005)

Abstract A substantial proportion of patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) have evidence of an acquired Jak2V617F mutation that causes the myeloproliferative phenotype. Jak2V617F negative ET patients presumably have mutations in other related pathways or alternatively may have chronic thrombocytosis secondary to factors extrinsic to the hemopoietic system. This second hypothesis is supported by clonality studies that demonstrate at least 30% of women with ET have evidence of polyclonal granulocytes. As part of an ENU mutation screen to identify novel genes associated with thrombocytosis, we have studied a mutant mouse strain, called plt2, with autosomal recessive thrombocytosis associated with increased thrombopoietin production. This mutation is linked to mouse chromosome 7, and therefore is unrelated to mutations in Jak2, thrombopoietin or the thrombopoietin receptor, c-Mpl. plt2/plt2 mice have platelet counts of 2038±347x109/L (n=107) increased by 47% compared to wild-type mice (1386±223; n=107, p&amp;lt;0.001). This thrombocytosis was associated with increased numbers of megakaryocyte progenitor cells (plt2/plt2 28.8±4.6; n=4, Meg-CFC/5x105 cells to maximal cytokine stimulation compared to wild-type 18.3±5.5; n=4, p&amp;lt;0.05) and megakaryocytes (108±15; n=7 megakaryocytes per hpf compared to 70±13; n=7, p&amp;lt;0.01) that demonstrated a normal maturation profile based on ploidy measurement. plt2/plt2 mutant mice exhibited mild hepatomegaly (liver weight 1.6±0.2g; n=34 compared to 1.3±0.2g; n=23, p&amp;lt;0.001) and serum thrombopoietin levels were elevated by 76% (4930±1309pg/mL; n=18 compared to 2802±1031; n=15, p&amp;lt;0.001). There was no difference in relative TPO transcription between plt2/plt2 mice and wild-type mice in the liver (p=0.23), however, the TPO content of whole liver lysates was increased by 50% in the mutant mice (150%±50; n=8 per 1g liver weight compared to 100±32; n=8, p=0.03). To examine how the plt2 mutation interacts with other components of the TPO pathway, plt2/plt2 mice were intercrossed with mice lacking the TPO receptor (Mpl−/−). Mpl−/−plt2/plt2 mice have thrombocytopenia with platelet counts that are indistinguishable from Mpl−/−/ mice confirming that the plt2 mutation causes thrombocytosis by acting through the Mpl receptor. Surprisingly, Mpl+/−plt2/plt2 mice, with only one copy of the Mpl gene, had marked thrombocytosis with platelet counts of 2656±459x109/L (n=25) increased by 92% over wild-type mice suggesting an additive effect between excess thrombopoietin and Mpl heterozygosity on platelet count. We have utilized ENU mutagenesis to identify a novel mouse pedigree with heritable thrombocytosis linked to chromosome 7 that demonstrates altered cytokine production can mimic the chronic thrombocytosis that is the cardinal diagnostic feature of ET.
Microscopic Uses of Nanogold (2002)

Double labeling for EM (Nanogold Using negative stains with Nanogold.Nanogold labeling using monomaleimido-Nanogold.Labeling Fab' fragments with Nano-Labeling IgG molecules with Nano-Labeling other proteins with mono-Nanogold labeling using mono-NHS-Nanogold.Labeling proteins (MW 15 000 or greater) with mono-NHS-Nanogold (NHS = N-hydroxysuccinimide).Labeling peptides (MW GOO0 or less) with mono-NHS-Nanogold.Labeling liposomes with dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE)-Nanogold.Forming heavily gold-labeled liposomes and micelles.Forming liposomes "spiked" with Nanogold-DPPE.Forming very large liposomes (>0.5 pm) spiked with Nanogold-DPPE.Direct viewing of Nanogold in the EM. and 10 nm colloidal gold).gold.gold.maleimido-Nanogold.I 0.6 nin group [or crosslinking I'igiirc 6.1.Scliematic diagrarii of Nanogold.Sliown :ire tlic I .4tin1 gold corc, tlic 0.6 11111 organic slicll, ;itid rhc ~iion~ilitnc-~ion:tI linking g r w p for co\~:iIcnt ;irr.ichnicnt 1 0 otlicr niolc-CLIICS.
Impact of five years of peer-mediated interventions on sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya (2008)

Peer-mediated interventions were associated with an increase in protected sex. Though peer-mediated interventions remain important, higher coverage is needed and more efficacious interventions to reduce overall vulnerability and risk.
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial With a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013)

Mid-term treatment with oral AT-877ER showed additional improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with PAH.