gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthese kurzkettiger Alkansulfonsäuren als Additive für industrielle Reiniger (1990)

Abstract Kurzkettige Alkansulfonsäuren eignen sich für den Einsatz in industriellen Reinigern, da sie sowohl organische als auch mineralische Verschmutzungen entfernen können. Wegen ihrer hohen Acidität bei gleichzeitig geringer Schaumbildung kommen sie als Substitute von Phosphorsäure in sauren Reinigungsmitteln in Betracht. Für die Synthese von Ethan‐, Propan‐ und Butansulfonsäure wurde ein Herstellverfahren auf Basis der gut zugänglichen Alkene Ethen, Propen und 1‐Buten entwickelt. In einer ersten Reaktionsstufe wird das Alken durch eine radikalisch initiierte Umsetzung mit Ammoniumhydrogensulfit in das Ammoniumsulfonat überführt; in einer zweiten Stufe werden die Alkansulfonsäuren mit konzentrierter Salzsäure aus den Sulfonaten freigesetzt.
Adaptability of restrained molecular dynamics for tertiary structure prediction: application to Crotalus atrox venom phospholipase A2 (1991)

In order to assess the adaptability and/or applicability of the restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) simulation for building a possible tertiary structure of a protein from the X-ray crystal structure of a family reference protein, the tertiary structure prediction of Crotalus atrox venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was attempted based on the X-ray crystal structure of bovine pancreatic PLA2. For the formation of secondary and tertiary structures from the fully extended starting structure, the RMD simulation with interatomic distance restraints and torsion angle restraints, which were derived from homologous amino acid sequence regions in the reference protein, was carried out until the molecular system was fully equilibrated. The predicted tertiary structure of C. atrox venom PLA2 was compared with its X-ray crystal structure, and furthermore the utility of this method was discussed by reference to the similar tertiary structure prediction of beta-trypsin from the X-ray crystal structure of an elastase.
Maxwell rheological model for lipid-shelled ultrasound microbubble contrast agents (2007)

The present paper proposes a model that describes the encapsulation of microbubble contrast agents by the linear Maxwell constitutive equation. The model also incorporates the translational motion of contrast agent microbubbles and takes into account radiation losses due to the compressibility of the surrounding liquid. To establish physical features of the proposed model, comparative analysis is performed between this model and two existing models, one of which treats the encapsulation as a viscoelastic solid following the Kelvin-Voigt constitutive equation and the other assumes that the encapsulating layer behaves as a viscous Newtonian fluid. Resonance frequencies, damping coefficients, and scattering cross sections for the three shell models are compared in the regime of linear oscillation. Translational displacements predicted by the three shell models are examined by numerically calculating the general, nonlinearized equations of motion for weakly nonlinear excitation. Analogous results for free bubbles are also presented as a basis to which calculations made for encapsulated bubbles can be related. It is shown that the Maxwell shell model possesses specific physical features that are unavailable in the two other models.
Robust Intervention in Probabilistic (2008)

Probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) have been recently introduced as a paradigm for modeling genetic regulatory networks. One of the objectives of PBN modeling is to use the network for the design and analysis of intervention strategies aimed at moving the network out of undesirable states, such as those associated with disease, and into desirable ones. To date, a number of intervention strategies have been proposed in the context of PBNs. However, all these techniques assume perfect knowledge of the transition probability matrix of the PBN. Such an assumption cannot be satisfied in practice since the presence of noise and the availability of limited number of samples will prevent the transition probabilities from being accurately deter- mined. Moreover, even if the exact transition probabilities could be estimated from the data, mismatch between the PBN model and the actual genetic regulatory network will invariably be present. Thus, it is important to study the effect of modeling errors on the final outcome of an intervention strategy and one of the goals of this paper is to do precisely that when the uncertainties are in the entries of the transition probability matrix. In addition, the paper develops a robust intervention strategy that is obtained by minimizing the worst-case cost over the uncertainty set.
Anatomy and nerve supply of the pelvic floor (2008)

In order to guarantee urinary and fecal continence as well as correct pelvic statics, the perfect neuroanatomical integrity of the pelvic floor muscles is mandatory. As Dickinson stated: “There is no considerable muscle in the body whose form and function are more difficult to understand than those of the levator ani, and about which such nebulous impressions prevail”. Clinical implications of pelvic floor anatomy and nerve supply are evident: a denervation of this muscle group and the consequent muscle dysfunction could result in urinary and/or fecal incontinence, as well as pelvic organ prolapse.
Compact Fermi potential model for heterostructure HEMTs with rectangular quantum well (2014)

Compact models for high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with triangular-potential-wells have been in development since the past few years. Double heterostructure HEMTs with rectangular-quantum-wells are also gaining importance due of their high mobility characteristics. Triangular-well model fails to capture the physics of double heterostructure devices. This paper presents a new physics based compact Fermi potential model for HEMTs with rectangular-well. It is validated with the coupled Poisson-Schrödinger based exact (numerical) solutions. The model is shown to accurately capture the Fermi-potential in the subthreshold, weak inversion, and strong inversion regions. The scalability of the model for device physical parameters is also presented. The proposed model can be used to simulate the I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> and I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> characteristics of double heterojunction HEMTs with rectangular-well.
Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete Products for Special Applications Containing EAF Slag (2017)

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slags are steel slags that derive from the steel manufacturing process and are produced in large volumes (∼10% of the steel produced) worldwide, which pose an environmental threat when disposed in landfills. Their physicochemical characteristics (high density, roughness and resistance to fragmentation) favor their use in concrete products for special applications, especially where high resistance to abrasion is required and the increase concrete density is not a problem. The special concrete applications considered in this paper were industrial pavements, heavyweight concrete and pervious concrete paving blocks and all proposed products were designed in order to perform in a similar way as reference products with ordinary concrete. Then, in order to quantify the benefits arising from the utilization of an –otherwise useless– industrial by-product, a Life Cycle Assessment was carried out for each of the concrete products. One m3 or one m2 of concrete was selected as functional unit and a cradle-to-gate approach was followed for the LCA, including material extraction, transport and production and placement, stating the limitations and system boundaries used. Cost estimation for each of the products was also performed in order to assess their commercial viability. The results show that for industrial pavement construction, concrete with EAF slag aggregates has similar environmental load and cost with the reference concrete, while in the case of pervious paving blocks the use of EAF slag aggregates reduces the environmental load by 14% at a reduced cost, and for heavyweight concrete the environmental load is reduced by 44% at a significantly lower cost.
Tensile Creep Behavior of SiC‐Based Fibers With a Low Oxygen Content (2007)

The creep behavior of Hi‐Nicalon, Hi‐Nicalon S, and Tyranno SA3 fibers is investigated at temperatures up to 1700°C. Tensile tests were carried out on a high‐capability fiber testing apparatus in which the fiber is heated uniformly under vacuum. Analysis of initial microstructure and composition of fibers was performed using various techniques. All the fibers experienced a steady‐state creep. Primary creep was found to be more or less significant depending on fiber microstructure. Steady‐state creep was shown to result from grain‐boundary sliding. Activation energy and stress exponents were determined. Creep mechanisms are discussed on the basis of activation energy and stress exponent data. Finally, tertiary creep was observed at very high temperatures. Tertiary creep was related to volatilization of SiC. Results are discussed with respect to fiber microstructure.
Molecular Characterization of Heat Shock-Like Factor Encoded on the Human Y Chromosome, and Implications for Male Infertility1 (2004)

Azoospermia and oligospermia are major causes of male infertility. Some genes located on the Y chromosome are suggested as candidates. Recently, HSFY, which is similar to the HSF (heat shock transcription factor) family, has been mapped on the human Y chromosome as multicopies. However, newly available sequence data deposited at NCBI shows that only the HSFY gene located on Yq has a long open reading frame containing a HSF-type DNA-binding domain. HSFY is similar to LW-1 on the human X chromosome and a murine HSFY-like sequence (mHSFYL), 4933413G11Rik, on the mouse chromosome 1. LW-1 and mHSFYL have 53% and 70% homology to HSFY for amino acid sequences of their presumed DNA-binding domains, respectively. Comparison of the presumed DNA-binding domains unveiled that the three HSF-like factors, HSFY, LW-1, and mHSFYL, belong to a different class than conventional HSFs. When we screened for deletions on the Yq of males suffering from infertility, we found that HSFY was involved in interstitial deletions on the Y chromosomes for two azoospermic males who had DBY, USP9Y, and DAZ but did not have RBMY located on the AZFb. Expression analysis of HSFY, LW-1, and mHSFYL unveiled that they are expressed predominantly in testis. Furthermore, immunhistochemistry of HSFY in testis showed that its expression is restricted to both Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells and that it exhibits a stage-dependent translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in spermatogenetic cells during spermatogenesis. These results may suggest that deletion of HSFY is involved in azoospermia or oligospermia.
An automatic layout generator for bipolar analog modules (2003)

An automatic layout system dedicated to analog module generation is described. First, a clustering procedure is invoked to partition a given circuit into clusters to be packed into a one-dimensional array. Then, a linear ordering scheme is applied to clusters so that the cluster order can be matched to the signal-flow of the circuit. After an initial placement for circuit elements in each cluster, a block compactor is executed by means of packing blocks in an idle space, and a detailed router is invoked to complete all required interconnections. Finally, a layout compactor is applied to pack the whole layout pattern in a rectangle of the minimum possible area. A number of implementation results are shown to reveal the practicability of the module generator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Testing of the Deorbitsail drag sail subsystem (2013)

Deorbitsail is a 3U Cubesat project that will launch, deploy, and support a large drag sail deorbiting payload. The flight payload sail system will deploy to 5 by 5 meters, increasing the frontal area of the spacecraft dramatically. A series of 4-by-4-meter sail deployments has been performed with a prototype of the proposed system. The prototype system tests included partial deployments in environmental chambers and full-scale deployment at ambient lab conditions. Design changes arising from testing of the sail system prototype are described in this paper. Engineering model construction is underway and the Deorbitsail launch will be in 2014. Deorbitsail is a European Commission 7th Framework Programme project with nine partner organizations. © 2013 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reciprocal Regulation of Adipogenesis by Myc and C/EBPα (1992)

3T3-L1 adipoblasts that express large amounts of c-Myc cannot terminally differentiate, raising the possibility that Myc inhibits the expression of genes that promote adipogenesis. The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP alpha) is induced during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis when cells commit to the differentiation pathway. Transfection of 3T3-L1 adipoblasts with the gene that encodes C/EBP alpha caused overt expression of the adipocyte morphology. Expression of Myc prohibited the normal induction of C/EBP alpha and prevented adipogenesis. Enforced expression of C/EBP alpha overcame the Myc-induced block to differentiation. These results provide a molecular basis for the regulation of adipogenesis and implicate Myc and C/EBP alpha as pivotal controlling elements.
Multifocal structure of the T cell - dendritic cell synapse (2005)

The structure of immunological synapses formed between murine naive T cells and mature dendritic cells has been subjected to a quantitative analysis. Immunofluorescence images of synapses formed in the absence of antigen show a diffuse synaptic accumulation of CD3 and LFA-1. In electron microscopy, these antigen-free synapses present a number of tight appositions (cleft size approximately 15 nm), all along the synapse. These tight appositions cover a significantly larger surface fraction of antigen-dependent synapses. In immunofluorescence, antigen-dependent synapses show multiple patches of CD3 and LFA-1 with a variable overlap. A similar distribution is observed for PKCtheta and talin. A concentric organization characteristic of prototypical synapses is rarely observed, even when dendritic cells are paralyzed by cytoskeletal poisons. In T-DC synapses, the interaction surface is composed of several tens of submicronic contact spots, with no large-scale segregation of CD3 and LFA-1. As a comparison, in T-B synapses, a central cluster of CD3 is frequently observed by immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy reveals a central tight apposition. Our data show that it is inappropriate to consider the concentric structure as a "mature synapse" and multifocal structures as immature.
Airborne Release Fraction of Dissolved Materials During the Combustion of Liquids Representative of Nuclear Waste Treatment Process (2022)

Experimental results are reported on the airborne release, under fire conditions, of hazardous materials dissolved in a mixture of organic solvents [tributylphosphate (TBP) and hydrogenated tetrapropylene (HTP)] representative of the nuclear fuel recycling process. Cerium and ruthenium have been considered, respectively, as stable and volatile fission products that eventually could be released as airborne particles during thermal degradation of contaminated and inflammable liquids. Airborne release fractions (ARFs) and their experimental uncertainties have been determined. Considering fire involving contaminated organic solvents, higher ARFs are reported for ruthenium Ru(+III) (0.99 ± 1.20%) in comparison with cerium [0.22 ± 0.31% and 0.20 ± 0.28% for Ce(+III) and Ce(+IV), respectively]. This discrepancy is partially due to the volatility of ruthenium formed under these conditions. Considering configurations involving an aqueous nitric acid phase placed below contaminated solvents, boiling of this phase enhances the release of contaminant materials: 1.78 ± 1.06% and 1.01 ± 1.31% for Ce(+III) and Ce(+IV), respectively, and 12.41 ± 29.45% for Ru(+III). Analysis of the size distribution, morphology, and chemical composition of the released particles and droplets emitted during HTP/TBP bubble collapse are reported, highlighting the contribution of bubble bursting at the solvent surface to airborne release.
Review on Laser Interaction in Confined Regime: Discussion about the Plasma Source Term for Laser Shock Applications and Simulations (2021)

This review proposes to summarize the development of laser shock applications in a confined regime, mainly laser shock peening, over the past 50 years since its discovery. We especially focus on the relative importance of the source term, which is directly linked to plasma pressure. Discussions are conducted regarding the experimental setups, experimental results, models and numerical simulations. Confined plasmas are described and their specific properties are compared with those of well-known plasmas. Some comprehensive keys are provided to help understand the behavior of these confined plasmas during their interaction with laser light to reach very high pressures that are fundamental for laser shock applications. Breakdown phenomena, which limit pressure generation, are also presented and discussed. A historical review was conducted on experimental data, such as pressure, temperature, and density. Available experimental setups used to characterize the plasma pressure are also discussed, and improvements in metrology developed in recent years are presented. Furthermore, analytical and numerical models based on these experiments and their improvements, are also reviewed, and the case of aluminum alloys is studied through multiple works. Finally, this review outlines necessary future improvements that expected by the laser shock community to improve the estimation of the source term.
Subjective liver ultrasound video quality assessment of internet based videophone services for real-time telesonography (2017)

In conventional telesonography, the ultrasound video is encoded at a constant bit rate and transmitted to the expert side for diagnosis, this is highly bandwidth demanding and less adaptable to the varying network conditions. In contrary, Internet based videophone applications adapt to the network conditions with variable bit rate encoding and error concealment algorithms. Since portable ultrasound scanners are coming with Internet connectivity, this motivated us to evaluate the viability of using existing Internet based videophone services for real-time telesonography. Popular videophone services like Skype, Facebook and WebRTC is chosen for this purpose. The performance of these services is analyzed by varying network parameters like bandwidth, packet loss, delay and packet error in a controlled set up. Liver ultrasound video is considered for the study. A total of 273 different network settings is analyzed for evaluating the performance of each videophone service, constituting a total of 819 instances for evaluating three services. Three medical experts were participated in the subjective study. From an extensive analysis, an inference is made that the Internet based videophone services are reliable enough for telesonography provided a network with minimum bandwidth of 1600 kHz, delay up to 200 ms, packet loss up to 3% and packet error up to 3%.
A novel cell cycle-dependent antinuclear antibody in a patient with a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. (1996)

A patient with a monoclonal gammopathy, an erosive polyarthritis and a spastic paraparesis of both legs revealed a high titer of antinuclear antibodies with an immunofluorescence pattern hitherto unknown. A pleomorphic staining pattern of unsynchronized cells suggested a cell cycle-dependent autoantigen. Cell cycle-dependency of the antigen was confirmed by staining tissue sections, serum-starvation of tissue culture cells and mitogen-stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antinuclear antibody does not belong to the paraprotein fraction of the serum immunoglobulins.
An Evaluation of Factors Associated With Pathogenic PRSS1, SPINK1, CTFR, and/or CTRC Genetic Variants in Patients With Idiopathic Pancreatitis (2017)

Pathogenic genetic variants are most likely to be identified in patients with ARIP and an unexplained first episode of AP<35 years of age. Genetic testing in these patient populations may delineate an etiology and prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing and procedures.
Neuropilin-2 is involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2008)

2518 Introduction. Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) is a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on endothelial cells and increases the binding affinity and activity of the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors. NRP-2 is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells relative to normal ductal epithelium; however, the role of NRP-2 on pancreatic cancer tumor cells remains to be elucidated.  Methods. NRP-2 expression was reduced with stable short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection. Western blot analyses were done for signaling intermediates. Semi-qiantitative RT-PCR was used to determine VEGF levels. Cellular proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Migration and invasion studies were carried out in Boyden chambers. Anchorage-independent growth was determined by soft-agar colony formation. In vivo growth was evaluated in a murine subcutaneous xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantitate in vivo proliferation and tumor vessel count and morphology.  Results. Activation of Akt signaling was reduced in shRNA-NRP-2 clones relative to control clones. ShRNA-NRP-2 cells demonstrated decreased migration, invasion, and anchorage independent growth compared to control cells. In vitro proliferation rates were similar in control- and shRNA-transfected cells. Constitutive expression of the angiogenic mediator Jagged-1 was reduced in shRNA-NRP-2 cells by 57%, whereas VEGF levels were unchanged. Subcutaneous tumors in mice inoculated with shRNA-NRP-2 cells were significantly smaller than control transfected cells by 72-90% (p Conclusion. Reduction of NRP-2 expression in pancreatic cancer cells decreased survival signaling, migration, invasion and ability to grow under anchorage-independent conditions. In vivo , reduction of NRP-2 led to decreased growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors with increased necrosis and decreased angiogenesis and patent vessels. This study provides evidence for NRP-2 as a potential target on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.
El peregrinaje filosófico de Jean François Lyotard (1998)

Biobibliographical profile of Lyotard, in the light of twentieth century thought and culture, from his beginnings as radical activist to his interventions during the French May, from his Nietzschean «derive» from Marx and Freud within the poststructuralism to his postmodern turn.
Guest Editorial Optical And Digital Processing I (1980)

Over one year ago, the concept of this special issue was first formulated. It was conceived, initially, as one special issue on digital image processing and a second special issue on optical data processing. These topics have been retained. However, rather than two separate issues, we have chosen to intersperse digital and optical papers throughout two issues. This has been done both for content and to emphasize the similarities in techniques and application areas between these two powerful computing disciplines. We trust that these truly joint-dual special issues will typify the rapidly increasing marriage of the disciplines of optical data processing and digital image processing.