gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Ambiguity resolution in SAR interferometry by use of three phase centers</title> (1996)

In a typical interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) system employed for terrain elevation mapping, terrain height is estimated from phase difference data obtained from two phase centers separated spatially in the cross-track direction. In this paper we show how the judicious design of a three phase center IFSAR renders phase unwrapping, i.e., the process of estimating true continuous phases from principal values of phase, a much simpler process that inherent in traditional algorithms. With three phase centers, one IFSAR baseline fan be chosen to be relatively small so that all of the scene's terrain relief causes less than one cycle of phase difference. This allows computation of a coarse height map without use of any form of phase unwrapping. The cycle number ambiguities in the phase data derived from the other baseline, chosen to be relatively large, can then be resolved by reference to the heights computed from the small baseline data. This basic concept of combining phase data from one small and one large baseline to accomplish phase unwrapping has been previously employed in other interferometric problems. The new algorithm is shown to possess a certain form of immunity to corrupted interferometric phase data that is not inherent in traditional 2D path-following phase unwrappers. This is because path-following algorithms must estimate, either implicitly or explicitly, those portions of the IFSAR fringe data where discontinuities in phase occur. Such discontinuities typically arise form noisy phase measurements derived from low radar return areas of the SAR imagery. When wrong estimates are made as to where these phase discontinuities occur, errors in the unwrapped phase values can appear due to the resulting erroneous unwrapping paths. This implies that entire regions of the scene can be reconstructed with incorrect terrain heights. By contrast, since the new method estimates the continuous phase at each point in the image by a straightforward combination of only the measured phases from the small and large baseline, phase estimation errors are confined to that point. We derive quantitative expressions for the new algorithm that relate the probability of selecting the wrong phase cycle to parameters of the interferometer. We then demonstrate that use of median filtering can very effectively mitigate those cycle errors that do occur. By use of computer simulations, we show how the new algorithm is used to robustly construct terrain elevation maps.
THE RESPIRATORY FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD OF MARINE FISHES (1931)

1. The oxygen capacities of marine fish bloods are quite different for different species. The greatest difference is between the typically sluggish and active forms, the former having bloods of low, and the latter bloods of high oxygen capacity. There is a general correlation between oxygen capacity and corpuscle count, corpuscle volume, and iron content. 2. Studies on the oxygen dissociation curves of marine fish hemoglobin, and on the effect of carbon dioxide on the oxygen capacity have brought forth the suggestion that the effect of carbon dioxide on the hemoglobins of these fishes is not solely on their oxygen dissociation constants, but that there is an inactivation of certain of the prosthetic groups concerned in binding oxygen in the hemoglobin molecule, causing a marked decrease in oxygen-combining power of the bloods. The most marked evidence of inactivation occurs at definite ranges of carbon dioxide tension and pH for the different bloods. 3. The carbon dioxide-combining power of fish bloods appears to be correlated with hemoglobin concentration. Mackerel blood with high hemoglobin absorbs more carbon dioxide than toadfish blood, which has a low hemoglobin concentration. 4. Reduced fish blood will absorb slightly more carbon dioxide than oxygenated blood. For sea robin and toadfish bloods the range of carbon dioxide tension where this can be demonstrated is short, being between about 2 and 25 mm., while it is longer for mackerel blood, being about 2 to 95 mm. 5. There is a differential buffering ability shown by these bloods, mackerel blood being buffered the best and toadfish the poorest. 6. Comparative studies of vertebrate bloods strengthen the idea of specificity of hemoglobins. Those of the marine fishes are far more sensitive to carbon dioxide than those of the carp, turtle, and human. 7. Comparative studies on carbon dioxide transportation show that turtle and frog bloods have a relatively great, fishes a relatively small, and human blood a more or less intermediate carbon dioxide-combining power. The bloods also vary considerably in their buffering capacity, human blood having the greatest and toadfish blood the least. 8. The general results of this investigation point to an adjustment on the part of the blood of marine fishes to a sea-water environment, and the habits or characteristics of the fishes. At the same time the comparative studies indicate marked differences between the bloods of fishes and terrestrial vertebrates. These differences can perhaps be accounted for on the basis of the new morphological and physiological features that terrestrial vertebrates have acquired, along with change in environment, which have made necessary correlative changes in the respiratory function of the blood.
Boosting the interpretability of clinical risk scores with intervention predictions (2022)

Machine learning systems show significant promise for forecasting patient adverse events via risk scores. However, these risk scores implicitly encode assumptions about future interventions that the patient is likely to receive, based on the intervention policy present in the training data. Without this important context, predictions from such systems are less interpretable for clinicians. We propose a joint model of intervention policy and adverse event risk as a means to explicitly communicate the model's assumptions about future interventions. We develop such an intervention policy model on MIMIC-III, a real world de-identified ICU dataset, and discuss some use cases that highlight the utility of this approach. We show how combining typical risk scores, such as the likelihood of mortality, with future intervention probability scores leads to more interpretable clinical predictions.
What can you learn from rashes? An approach for children. (2003)

No abstract available.
Focusing XFEL SASE pulses by rotationally parabolic refractive x-ray lenses (2014)

Using rotationally parabolic refractive x-ray lenses made of beryllium, we focus hard x-ray free-electron laser pulses of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) down to a spot size in the 100 nm range. We demonstrated efficient nanofocusing and characterized the nanofocused wave field by ptychographic imaging [A. Schropp, et al., Sci. Rep. 3, 1633 (2013)] in the case of monochromatic LCLS pulses produced by a crystal monochromator that decreases the LCLS bandwidth down to ΔE/E = 1.4 · 10−4. The full spectrum of LCLS pulses generated by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), however, fluctuates and has a typical bandwidth of a few per mille (ΔE/E ≈ 2 · 10−3). Due to the dispersion in the lens material, a polychromatic nanobeam generated by refractive x-ray lenses is affected by chromatic aberration. After reviewing the chromaticity of refractive x-ray lenses, we discuss the influence of increased bandwidth on the quality of a nanofocused SASE pulse.
Rapid Titration of Measles and Other Viruses: Optimization with Determination of Replication Cycle Length (2011)

Overall, performing the assay takes only 24-30 hours for MV strains, 12 hours for VSV, and 52 hours for HIV-1. The step-by-step procedure we have set up can be, in principle, applicable to accurately quantify any virus including lentiviral vectors, provided that a virus encoded gene product can be detected by flow cytometry.
A STUDY OF A NEW COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH A MIXTURE ACCUMULATOR (1982)

A new idea for a combustion chamber which is attached with a accumulator has been devised. This combustion chamber named, mixture accumulator (ma) chamber, can generate strong in-cylinder gas turbulence irrespective of the load condition during the compression stroke prior to ignition. The performance of this engine (ma engine) and its characteristics have been studied. The possibility of increasing the engine compression ratio in comparison to its base engine and producing stable combustion with a lean is clarified. (TRRL)
View-dependency video coding for asymmetric resolution stereoscopic views (2009)

We propose an asymmetric-resolution stereoscopic video codec that can be used for commercially available stereo displays. Currently, most stereo video displays are designed for displaying not only stereo video but also conventional single-view video in order to make them compatible to single-view video services. In these systems, the resolution of each input video for stereo mode is half the input resolution for a single-view mode. We propose a stereoscopic video codec to support both single-view and stereo-view services by encoding full-resolution left images and horizontally downsampled right images. However, it is not possible to employ the conventional disparity estimation between the two views because the resolution of the left image is different from that of the corresponding right image. So we propose a stereoscopic video codec based on a new disparity estimation/compensation method that makes use of all the information of the left reference image without downsampling. We achieved a 0.5- to 0.8-dB coding gain with the proposed stereoscopic codec, compared with several conventional stereoscopic coding algorithms.
Hacking Exposed Web Applications, Second Edition (2006)

Implement bulletproof e-business security the proven Hacking Exposed way

Defend against the latest Web-based attacks by looking at your Web applications through the eyes of a malicious intruder. Fully revised and updated to cover the latest Web exploitation techniques, Hacking Exposed Web Applications, Second Edition shows you, step-by-step, how cyber-criminals target vulnerable sites, gain access, steal critical data, and execute devastating attacks. All of the cutting-edge threats and vulnerabilities are covered in full detail alongside real-world examples, case studies, and battle-tested countermeasures from the authors' experiences as gray hat security professionals. 

Table of contents

Chapter 1: Hacking Web Apps 101
Chapter 2: Profiling
Chapter 3: Hacking Web Platforms
Chapter 4: Attacking Web Authentication
Chapter 5: Attacking Web Authorization
Chapter 6: Input Validation Attacks
Chapter 7: Attacking Web Datastores
Chapter 8: Attacking XML Web Services
Chapter 9: Attacking Web Application Management
Chapter 10: Hacking Web Clients
Chapter 11: Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks
Chapter 12: Full-Knowledge Analysis
Chapter 13: Web Application Security Scanners
APPENDIX A: WEB APPLICATION SECURITY CHECKLIST
APPENDIX B: WEB HACKING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES CRIBSHEET
APPENDIX C: URLScan AND ModSecurity
APPENDIX D: ABOUT THE COMPANION WEB SITE
INDEX
ChemInform Abstract: SEMISYNTHETIC ENZYMES: CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOMERIC FLAVOPAPAINS WITH WIDELY DIFFERENT CATALYTIC EFFICIENCIES (1985)

Abstract Die Ketone (Ia) bzw. (IIa) werden über die Stufen (Ib)/(IIb), (lc)/(Ilc), (IVa)/(Va) in die Bromacetyl‐methylisoalloxazine (IVb) bzw. (Vb) übergeführt, mit denen der 25‐Cystein‐Baustein von Papain ‐ die enzymatische Substratbindungsstelle ‐ alkyliert wird.
Interaction of Adaptive Antenna Arrays in an Arbitrary Environment (1965)

This paper deals with adaptive transmitting arrays in which the excitations of the elements are varied in response to a pilot field incident on the array from a distant source. General theorems, some quite simple, are obtained relating to optimal power transfer from an adaptive array in an arbitrary reciprocal medium to either a single receiver or a receiving array. We assume first that the amplitudes and phases of the transmitting elements are separately adjustable, and afterward that only the phases are adjustable. The results involve in particular the matrix which represents the pilot fields produced at the elements of the transmitting array by currents at the locations of the receiving elements. In some important special cases, optimal power transfer results from making the phase of each transmitting element equal to the negative of the phase of the pilot field at that element. We also consider the dynamic behavior of two adaptive arrays which simultaneously transmit and receive, the phases on transmission being made equal to the negatives of the received phases. Analysis of an idealized model indicates that the arrays will reach a unique steady state which is in practical cases identical with or very close to the condition for optimal power transfer. Some numerical simulations of 2- and 3-element interacting arrays have been made to show how such arrays approach an essentially steady state under moderately realistic assumptions.
The frequency and mutation rate of balanced autosomal rearrangements in man estimated from prenatal genetic studies for advanced maternal age. (1983)

The frequencies of balanced chromosome rearrangements were estimated from three series of advanced maternal-age prenatal genetic studies, and were compared to the frequencies that had been estimated from consecutive newborn surveys. In the maternal-age prenatal studies, the frequencies were: Robertsonian translocations, 0.11%; reciprocal translocations, 0.17%; and inversions, 0.12%. The total frequency of balanced rearrangements in the prenatal genetic studies performed with banding (0.40%, or 1 in 250) was twice that in the consecutive newborn surveys performed without banding (0.19%, or 1 in 526). The difference was limited to inversions and reciprocal translocations; the frequency of Robertsonian translocations was similar in the prenatal series and the newborn surveys. Both familial and de novo rearrangements were more common than anticipated. The de novo cases provided a mutation rate estimate of 4.3 per 10,000 gametes per generation (compared with 1.78 to 2.2 per 10,000 gametes in other surveys). These higher estimates may more reliably approximate the true mutation rate and frequencies of balanced rearrangements in the newborn population than do the newborn surveys.
A generic proxy system for networked computer games (2002)

In this work-in-progress report we present the general outline of a research project which aims at providing proxy support for networked computer games. The problems of both client-server and fully replicated architectures are discussed and we reason that employing proxy technology, which has been successfully used for other networked applications, is advantageous for this class of applications as well. In particular we describe how a proxy system for networked computer games can help with providing congestion control, achieving robustness, minimizing the impact of network delay and providing fairness.
Localization of Replication Origins in Pea Chloroplast DNA (1988)

The locations of the two replication origins in pea chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) have been mapped by electron microscopic analysis of restriction digests of supercoiled ctDNA cross-linked with trioxalen. Both origins of replication, identified as displacement loops (D-loops), were present in the 44-kilobase-pair (kbp) SalI A fragment. The first D-loop was located at 9.0 kbp from the closest SalI restriction site. The average size of this D-loop was about 0.7 kbp. The second D-loop started 14.2 kbp in from the same restriction site and ended at about 15.5 kbp, giving it a size of about 1.3 kbp. The orientation of these two D-loops on the restriction map of pea ctDNA was determined by analyzing SmaI, PstI, and SalI-SmaI restriction digests of pea ctDNA. One D-loop has been mapped in the spacer region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. The second D-loop was located downstream of the 23S rRNA gene. Denaturation mapping of recombinants pCP 12-7 and pCB 1-12, which contain both D-loops, confirmed the location of the D-loops in the restriction map of pea ctDNA. Denaturation-mapping studies also showed that the two D-loops had different base compositions; the one closest to a SalI restriction site denatured readily compared with the other D-loop. The recombinants pCP 12-7 and pCB 1-12 were found to be highly active in DNA synthesis when used as templates in a partially purified replication system from pea chloroplasts. Analysis of in vitro-synthesized DNA with either of these recombinants showed that full-length template DNA was synthesized. Recombinants from other regions of the pea chloroplast genome showed no significant DNA synthesis activity in vitro.
A multiscale assembly inspection algorithm (1996)

An important aspect of robust automated assembly is an accurate and efficient method for the inspection of finished assemblies. This novel algorithm is trained on synthetic images generated using the CAD model of the different components of the assembly. Once trained on synthetic images, the algorithm can detect assembly errors by examining real images of the assembled product.
Re: Breast and Prostate Cancer: Familial Associations (2011)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Feb 2011Re: Breast and Prostate Cancer: Familial Associations Patrick C. WalshM.D. Patrick C. WalshPatrick C. Walsh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(11)60131-6AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Breast and Prostate Cancer: Familial Associations." The Journal of Urology, 185(2), p. 515 © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 185Issue 2February 2011Page: 515 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Patrick C. Walsh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoroethyl Ethers from 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl Chloride (HCFC‐133a) in High Temperature Aqueous Medium. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ESTIMATION QUANTITATIVE DES RISQUES LIÉS À L'UTILISATION D'UN SYSTÈME LORS DE SA CONCEPTION (2014)

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.
The Exercise Pill — Too Good to Be True? (2008)

Mice treated with an agonist of the AMP-activated protein kinase showed an increase in endurance as compared with exercise-trained controls.
Scale continuous characterisation of karst aquifers (2010)

In this work results of different field experiments for the characterization of karst aquifers are compared and attributed to the structural properties of these systems. The results are important for parameterizing numerical models dealing with karst hydraulics. A karst aquifer represents a dual flow system consisting of a low permeability fissured matrix and a highly permeable conduit system. Over a large volume the fissured matrix can be considered as a continuum and a representative elementary volume (REV) can be defined. However this REV is only valid on a local scale. On a regional scale the drainage of the karst aquifer is controlled by the conduit system which might display a highly anisotropic geometry. In current modeling approaches for simulation of karst hydraulics the conduit system is therefore implemented as a second continuum or as a discrete pipe network hydraulically coupled to a fissured matrix continuum (Sauter et al. 2006). Classical methods to characterize karst conduit systems are artificial tracer tests. These tests are usually applied to identify point-to-point connections (e.g. between a sinkhole and a karst spring), to determine flow and transport parameters in the aquifer and to estimate geometric and hydraulic parameters of a conduit system. A disadvantage of the method is, however, that only limited information about the geometry of the conduit system and the interaction between conduit system and fissured matrix is achieved. Conventional methods for characterization of aquifer properties on local scale are hydraulic borehole tests. Slug-tests, for example, can be applied in deep small-diameter boreholes as it is often the case in karst systems with thick unsaturated zones. However, test results strongly depend on the location of the investigated borehole and the applied displacement depth. The spectrum of responses may range from strongly oscillating water levels in high conductivity parts of the aquifer to slowly responding water levels in low permeability parts. Because of the small volume of integration the representative elementary volume of the fissured matrix is difficult to estimate with slug-tests. Larger aquifer volumes surrounding a borehole can be characterized applying pumping tests. In the present study we consider pumping tests with pumping rates of several 100 l/s, which allow a regional drawdown of the water level in a karst aquifer (Marechal et al., 2008). The high pumping rates require the pumping well to be directly connected to the conduit system. Thus, the drawdown of the water level at early times reflects the response of the conduit system and therefore allows the determination of its hydraulic and geometric properties. Late time drawdowns are controlled by the hydraulic characteristics of the whole system, i.e. conduit and matrix, while intermediate times show the drainage of the matrix system alone. Large-scale pumping tests have therefore the potential to characterize karst aquifers in a scale-continuous manner by applying a single method, essential for the parameterization of numerical models.
Effect of Annular Shape on Leaflet Curvature in Reducing Mitral Leaflet Stress (2002)

The saddle shape of the mitral annulus confers a mechanical advantage to the leaflets by adding curvature. This may be valuable when leaflet curvature becomes reduced due to diminished leaflet billowing caused by annular dilatation. The fact that the saddle shape is conserved across mammalian species provides indirect evidence of the advantages it confers. This analysis of mitral annular contour may prove applicable in developing the next generation of mitral annular prostheses.