gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion–ripple lasers promise cheap, efficient radiation (1992)

The University of California, Los Angeles, has been in the business of using plasmas to reduce the scale length of particle accelerators from tens of kilometres to tens of centimetres for over ten years. Now, K R Chen and John Dawson of UCLA have proposed a novel method for producing coherent light from a relativistic electron beam injected into a small region of plasma, which could reduce the scale of free-electron lasers (FELs) from metres to centimetres (Phys. Rev. Lett. (1992) 68 29). This new scheme, the "ion-ripple laser", may some-day provide scientists with a smaller, cheaper and more efficient coherent radiation source than conventional FELs. Similar to the FEL, the ion-ripple laser would operate from microwave to ultraviolet frequencies.
The Influence of Anisotropic Nano- To Micro-Topography on in Vitro and in Vivo Osteogenesis (2015)

2D imprinting technologies are useful tools for in vitro cell phenotype maintenance.
Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intramuscular Midazolam in Guinea Pigs Challenged with Soman (2004)

Studies have demonstrated that benzodiazepine compounds are effective at antagonizing seizure activity produced by the organophosphate (OP) cholinesterase inhibitor soman. In this present study we have investigated the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its associated effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity following intramuscular (i.m.) injection to soman-exposed guinea pigs (Crl:(HA)BR). Prior to experiments, the animals were surgically implanted with EEG leads to monitor seizure activity. For the study, animals were administered the following pretreatment/OP/treatment regimen. Pyridostigmine bromide (0.026 mg/kg, i.m.) was given 30 min prior to soman (56 micrograms/kg, 2 x LD50; subcutaneously, s.c.), followed in one minute by atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and pralidoxime chloride (25 mg/kg, i.m.). All animals receiving this regimen developed seizure activity. Midazolam 0.8 mg/kg, i.m., was administered 5 min after onset of seizure activity. Based on EEG data, animals were categorized as either seizure-terminated or seizure not-terminated at 30 min following anticonvulsant administration. Serial blood samples were collected for the plasma midazolam analysis; the assay was accomplished with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The mean time to seizure termination was 8.8 +/- 1.6 min. The mean time-plasma concentration data were fit to standard pharmacokinetic models. The following parameter estimates were determined from the model-fit for seizure terminated and not-terminated animals respectively: apparent volumes of distribution (Vd) were 1.4 and 1.7 l/kg; area under the time-concentration curves (AUC), 15,990 and 15,120 ng.min/ml; times to maximal plasma concentration (Tmax), 1.66 and 2.91 min and maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) 535.1 and 436.6 ng/ml. These data indicate that i.m. injection of midazolam is effective at terminating ongoing soman-induced seizure activity. Additionally, the relatively short Tmax and latency to seizure termination demonstrate the rapidity of drug absorption and action respectively.
제도적 맥락에서 한일 간의 공동주택관리 비교 연구 (2010)

한국의 공동주택은 전체 주택의 66%로서 3가구 중에서 2가구 수준이다. 이 중에서 아파트는 전체 주택의 53%를 차지하여 대표적인 주거수단이 되었다. 이 논문은 Franklin의 사회구성주의 이론인 제도적 맥락에서 한국과 일본의 공동주택관리 관련법과 대리인의 활동인 주택관리사제도를 비교분석하였다. 그 시사점을 기초로 한국의 공동주택관리 제도를 개선할 정책과제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, `공동주택관리법`을 별도로 제정하여 단일법 체계를 유지해야 한다. 둘째, 공동주택의 통합관리제도를 활성화하여 의무 관리대상이 아닌 소규모아파트단지도 포함하여 관리하는 방안을 모색한다. 셋째, 공동주택관리공단을 설립하여 공동주택관리를 공개념으로 운용한다. 넷째, 주택관리사 등의 전문성 강화를 위해 시험제도와 인사관리시스템을 개선하고 교육을 강화한다. 다섯째, 주택관리사공제회 운영을 내실화하여 전문가 단체로서의 위상정립이 필요하다. 그리고 지역주민들이 쾌적한 환경에서 생활할 수 있도록 공동주택관리에 대한 행정지도 및 감독이 강화되어야 한다.
SCC of Carbon Steel in Fuel Ethanol Service: Effect of Corrosion Potential and Ethanol Processing Source (2007)

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in fuel ethanol service has been observed in an increasing number of failures in the last few years. This increase in failures is also due to the increasing use of ethanol for fuel applications. However, these failures have reportedly occurred only in terminal storage tanks and other associated equipment but not at the ethanol producer locations. The work being presented herein is an extension of an American Petroleum Institute (API) sponsored project that seeks to elucidate the specific factors that play a role in this SCC phenomenon. The effect of corrosion potential and ethanol processing source was investigated to determine the differences in SCC between laboratory grade ethanol, samples from ethanol producers and E-85 fuel ethanol. In the previous study, corrosion potential as influenced primarily by dissolved oxygen was identified as the most important SCC factor. In the presence of oxygen, all of the samples evaluated in this study produced varying degrees of SCC, except for one of the producer ethanol samples. This sample was found to have a corrosion potential which appeared to be well outside of the cracking potential range. The reason for the high corrosion potential in this sample is still unknown and more detailed analysis of the sample chemical make-up is needed. Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) and electrochemical testing methodologies were employed in this particular study along with some chemical characterization techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: From Catalyst Preparation Toward Catalyst Synthesis (2015)

Abstract Review: 28 refs.
A Modular CACC System Integration and Design (2012)

This paper describes the Halmstad University entry in the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge, which is a competition in vehicle platooning. Cooperative platooning has the potential to improve traffic flow by mitigating shock wave effects, which otherwise may occur in dense traffic. A longitudinal controller that uses information exchanged via wireless communication with other cooperative vehicles to achieve string-stable platooning is developed. The controller is integrated into a production vehicle, together with a positioning system, communication system, and human-machine interface (HMI). A highly modular system architecture enabled rapid development and testing of the various subsystems. In the competition, which took place in May 2011 on a closed-off highway in The Netherlands, the Halmstad University team finished second among nine competing teams.
The Place of Inactivated Actin and Its Kinetic Predecessor in Actin Folding−Unfolding (2002)

The kinetics of actin unfolding induced by guanidine hydrochloride of different concentrations was studied. The parametric representation of the kinetic dependencies of tryptophan fluorescence intensity changes recorded at two wavelengths allowed us to detect and characterize a new essentially unfolded kinetic intermediate. Its characteristics suggested that this intermediate state is a premolten globule. It was shown that the equilibrium transition between inactivated and completely unfolded states is also a two-step process and proceeds via an essentially unfolded kinetic intermediate. The new kinetic pathway of actin unfolding--refolding was proposed. According to it, the founded essentially unfolded kinetic state is the on-pathway intermediate, while inactivated actin is the off-pathway misfolded state stabilized by aggregation of partially folded macromolecules of protein.
Environmental Policy in Open Economies (1999)

This major reference book comprises specially commissioned surveys in environmental and resource economics written by an international team of experts. Authoritative yet accessible, each entry provides a state-of-the-art summary of key areas that will be invaluable to researchers, practitioners and advanced students.
Human Immune Responses to Dengue Virus Infection: Lessons Learned from Prospective Cohort Studies (2014)

Dengue virus (DENV) continues to spread globally and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no antiviral treatment to diminish severe illness or a vaccine to induce protection from infection. An effective dengue vaccine that protects against all four DENV serotypes is a high priority for endemic countries and several candidates are in development by various United States Federal Agencies and private pharmaceutical companies. Challenges faced by dengue vaccine developers include creating tetravalent formulations that provide tetravalent protection, the lack of a correlate of protective immunity, a changing viral landscape as DENV evolves, and a complex viral-host pathogenesis that can result in a spectrum of illness from subclinical infection to severe hemorrhagic fever. There have been a number of long-term prospective studies on DENV transmission and dengue severity that have provided invaluable information on DENV epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease. In this section, we will review the critical lessons learned from these studies and their application for dengue vaccine development.
Corrosion behaviour of ultrasound assisted electroless nickel-boron coatings. (2017)

The effect of ultrasound on the corrosion properties of Nickel-Boron (NiB) coatings was investigated. Ultrasonic or mechanical agitation were used to produce NiB coatings. Nickel deposition reduced by sodium borohydride was performed in three different configurations: one with a classical mechanical agitation at 300 rpm and the other two employing ultrasound at a frequency of either 20 or 35 kHz. The coatings microstructures were characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) before and after potentiodynamic polarization. Bio-logic SP-50 equipment was used in this study to obtain potentiodynamic polarization curves in 0.1M NaCl solution. The main advantage observed with ultrasonic agitation was a significant increase of the plating rate. In addition, significant differences in pitting potential are observable on the polarization curves and beneficial effects of ultrasound assistance can be seen.
The directory-based cache coherence protocol for the DASH multiprocessor (1990)

DASH is a scalable shared-memory multiprocessor currently being developed at Stanford's Computer Systems Laboratory. The architecture consists of powerful processing nodes, each with a portion of the shared-memory, connected to a scalable interconnection network. A key feature of DASH is its distributed directory-based cache coherence protocol. Unlike traditional snoopy coherence protocols, the DASH protocol does not rely on broadcast; instead it uses point-to-point messages sent between the processors and memories to keep caches consistent. Furthermore, the DASH system does not contain any single serialization or control point. While these features provide the basis for scalability, they also force a reevaluation of many fundamental issues involved in the design of a protocol. These include the issues of correctness, performance and protocol complexity. In this paper, we present the design of the DASH coherence protocol and discuss how it addresses the above issues. We also discuss our strategy for verifying the correctness of the protocol and briefly compare our protocol to the IEEE Scalable Coherent Interface protocol.
Fatigue Life Approach for Large Components in Heavy Plant Engineering Based on Rainflow Counted Local Strains (2015)

In the cement industry components are designed by using the finite element method. This practice is verified by strain measurements on machines in industrial use, utilising rainflow counting. A calculation model was developed for the assessment of such data. The model was calibrated for EN-GJS-400-15U by constant and random amplitude fatigue tests, based on measurement data. For test preparation, a method of omitting load cycles prior to load sequence reconstruction was developed. The experimental results show a satisfactory accuracy when using a constant characteristic damage sum, which can be improved by considering the damage potential of the load spectra.
The cytosolic and glycosomal glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma brucei (1991)

The protozoan haemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei has two NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, each with a different localization within the cell. One isoenzyme is found in the cytosol, as in other eukaryotes, while the other is found in the glycosome, a microbody-like organelle that fulfils an essential role in glycolysis. The kinetic properties of the purified glycosomal and cytosolic isoenzymes were compared with homologous enzymes from other organisms. Both trypanosome enzymes had pH/activity profiles similar to that of other glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, with optimal activity around pH 8.5-9. Only the yeast enzyme showed its maximal activity at a lower pH. The glycosomal enzyme was more sensitive to changes in ionic strength below 0.1 M, while the cytosolic enzyme resembled more the enzymes from rabbit muscle, human erythrocytes and yeast. The affinity for NAD of the glycosomal enzyme was 5-10-fold lower than that of the cytosolic, as well as the other enzymes. A similar, but less pronounced, difference was found for its affinity for NADH. These differences are explained by a number of amino acid substitutions in the NAD-binding domain of the glycosomal isoenzyme. In addition, the effects of suramin, gossypol, agaricic acid and pentalenolactone on the trypanosome enzymes were studied. The trypanocidal drug suramin inhibited both enzymes, but in a different manner. Inhibition of the cytosolic enzyme was competitive with NAD, while in the case of the glycosomal isoenzyme, with NAD as substrate, the drug had an effect both on Km and Vmax. The most potent inhibitor was pentalenolactone, which at micromolar concentrations inhibited the glycosomal enzyme and the enzymes from yeast and Bacillus stearothermophilus in a reversible manner, while the rabbit muscle enzyme was irreversibly inhibited.
A Cultural and Historical Perspective on Pregnancy-related Activity Among U.S. Teenagers (1982)

This article examines data on recent changes in birth rates, sexual activity, abortion, illegitimacy, and adop tion rates among White and non-White adolescents. The social and cultural implications of the racial differences are explored, and placed within a historical framework. The author notes that the emergence of social service programs for adolescents during the past decade has co incided with the burgeoning rates of pregnancy-related activity in the White community, especially among younger teens. Suggestions are offered for developing culturally relevant intervention for Black teens and rec ommendations are made for greater involvement of civil rights and national Black organizations in the area of teenage pregnancy.
The archaeological collection from the Cartier-Roberval site (1541–43): a remarkable testimony to French colonization efforts in the Americas (2009)

Excavations at the Cartier-Roberval site have discovered artefacts related to everyday activities and mineral exploration. They offer a picture of an extremely hierarchical society that transferred European social order and means of subsistence to North America. Preliminary study of the ceramics suggests the existence of a trade route with branches stretching from south-west France to Normandy, along which goods were conveyed to vessels outfitted for commercial, exploratory and colonizing missions.
Hierarchical Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Modeling and Learning the Wisdom of Crowds of Urban Traffic Route Planning Agents. (2012)

Abstract—Route prediction is important to analyzing and understanding the route patterns and behavior of traffic crowds. Its objective is to predict the most likely or “popular” route of road segments from a given point in a road network. This paper presents a hierarchical Bayesian non-parametric approach to efficient and scalable route prediction that can harness the wisdom of crowds of route planning agents by aggregating their sequential routes of possibly varying lengths and origin-destination pairs. In particular, our approach has the advantages of (a) not requiring a Markov assumption to be imposed and (b) generalizing well with sparse data, thus resulting in significantly improved prediction accuracy, as demonstrated empirically using real-world taxi route data. We also show two practical applications of our route prediction algorithm: predictive taxi ranking and route recommendation. Keywords-wisdom of crowds; crowdsourcing; sequential decision making; route prediction; intelligent transportation systems; hierarchical Dirichlet and Pitman-Yor process I.
A Computational Model for Heat Transfer in Multichannel Microreactors (2005)

A reduced-order model is developed allowing for a fast computation of the temperature field in multichannel microreactors. The model regards the fluid and the solid phase as interpenetrating continua and incorporates heat exchange between the two phases via a heat-transfer coefficient characteristic for the channel geometry under study. The geometry of the channel walls determines the components of the thermal conductivity tensor which govern conductive heat transfer to the envelope of the reactor. The mean-field model is solved numerically for a test case inspired from practical applications. Parallel to that, a detailed model is set up with the purpose to benchmark the results of the mean-field model. This full model incorporates the geometric details of the multichannel reactor and contains consider-ably more degrees of freedom than the mean-field model, resulting in a much larger computational effort. It is found that the temperature fields computed with the two models agree reasonably well. Thus, the mean-field model appears as an efficient tool to evaluate the thermal performance of multichannel microreactors, especially in the context of parameter studies or system optimization.
PARDA: proportional allocation of resources for distributed storage access (2009)

Rapid adoption of virtualization technologies has led to increased utilization of physical resources, which are multiplexed among numerous workloads with varying demands and importance. Virtualization has also accelerated the deployment of shared storage systems, which offer many advantages in such environments. Effective resource management for shared storage systems is challenging, even in research systems with complete end-to-end control over all system components. Commercially-available storage arrays typically offer only limited, proprietary support for controlling service rates, which is insufficient for isolating workloads sharing the same storage volume or LUN. To address these issues, we introduce PARDA, a novel software system that enforces proportional-share fairness among distributed hosts accessing a storage array, without assuming any support from the array itself. PARDA uses latency measurements to detect overload, and adjusts issue queue lengths to provide fairness, similar to aspects of flow control in FAST TCP. We present the design and implementation of PARDA in the context of VMware ESX Server, a hypervisor-based virtualization system, and show how it can be used to provide differential quality of service for unmodified virtual machines while maintaining high efficiency. We evaluate the effectiveness of our implementation using quantitative experiments, demonstrating that this approach is practical. 1
Label-free measurement of antimicrobial peptide interactions with lipid vesicles and nanodiscs using microscale thermophoresis (2023)

One strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance is the discovery of new classes of antibiotics. Most antibiotics will at some point interact with the bacterial membrane to either interfere with its integrity or to cross it. Reliable and efficient tools for determining the dissociation constant for membrane binding (K<sub>D</sub>) and the partitioning coefficient between the aqueous- and membrane phases (K<sub>P</sub>) are therefore important tools for discovering and optimizing antimicrobial hits. Here we demonstrate that microscale thermophoresis (MST) can be used for label-free measurement of K<sub>D</sub> by utilising the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan and thereby removing the need for chromophore labelling. As proof of principle, we have used the method to measure the binding of a set of small cyclic AMPs to large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and two types of lipid nanodiscs assembled by styrene maleic acid (SMA) and quaternary ammonium SMA (SMA-QA). The measured K<sub>D</sub> values correlate well with the corresponding measurements using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), also broadly reflecting the tested AMPs' minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) towards S. aureus and E. coli. We conclude that MST is a promising method for fast and cost-efficient detection of peptide-lipid interactions or mapping of sample conditions in preparation for more advanced studies that rely on expensive sample preparation, labelling and/or instrument time.
Electroactivated alkylation of amines with alcohols via both direct and indirect borrowing hydrogen mechanisms (2020)

Aqueous electrocatalytic alkylation of amines with alcohol; water is the only byproduct.
Novel Peptide–Doxorubucin Conjugates for Targeting Breast Cancer Cells Including the Multidrug Resistant Cells (2013)

The efficacy of chemotherapeutic doxorubucin (Dox) in cancer treatment is limited by two main factors, nonspecific toxicity and the emergence of tumor resistance. To overcome these hurdles, in this study peptide-Dox conjugates were prepared. A decapeptide 18-4a (NH₂-WxEAAYQkFL-CONH₂) [corrected] with high specificity for breast cancer cells and improved proteolytic stability was conjugated to Dox to give peptide-Dox ester (1) and amide (2) conjugates. Cell uptake studies showed that the conjugates were 6-10 times selective for breast cancerous cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435) over noncancerous cells (HUVECs and MCF-10A). Conjugate 1 displayed similar toxicity as free Dox toward the breast cancerous cells and was about 40 times less toxic toward the noncancerous cells and 4-fold more toxic toward the Dox resistant MDA-MB-435-MDR cells than the free Dox. These data suggest that conjugate 1 can be used as a potential prodrug for improving the therapeutic index of Dox and potentially many other cytotoxic drugs.
Editorial Commentary : Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Systemic Inflammatory Disease: Pirates Gold in Uncharted Waters (2020)

Hip pain in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases may arise from synovitis, cartilage degeneration or bony abnormalities like femoroacetabular impingement or acetabular dysplasia. With advances in early diagnosis and medical management of the autoimmune response, these often-young patients may benefit from correction of underlying bony abnormalities like femoroacetabular impingement. Short-term improvement in patients' pain and function can be achieved with hip arthroscopic treatment. However, the long-term efficacy of hip arthroscopy in systemic inflammatory disease needs further research. Careful selection of patients with nondysplastic hips without significant cartilage degradation, correction of underlying bony abnormalities, collaboration with rheumatologist, and use of evidence-based perioperative management of anti-rheumatic drugs are keys to success.