gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Nationwide Benchmarking Dashboard for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs within the Veterans’ Health Administration (2021)

Group Name: VHA Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance (CASPAR) Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are advised to measure antimicrobial consumption as a metric for audit and feedback. However, most ASPs lack the tools necessary for appropriate risk adjustment and standardized data collection, which are critical for peer-program benchmarking. We created a system that automatically extracts antimicrobial use data and patient-level factors for risk-adjustment and a dashboard to present risk-adjusted benchmarking metrics for ASP within the Veterans’ Health Administration (VHA). Methods: We built a system to extract patient-level data for antimicrobial use, procedures, demographics, and comorbidities for acute inpatient and long-term care units at all VHA hospitals utilizing the VHA’s Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW). We built baseline negative binomial regression models to perform risk-adjustments based on patient- and unit-level factors using records dated between October 2016 and September 2018. These models were then leveraged both retrospectively and prospectively to calculate observed-to-expected ratios of antimicrobial use for each hospital and for specific units within each hospital. Data transformation and applications of risk-adjustment models were automatically performed within the CDW database server, followed by monthly scheduled data transfer from the CDW to the Microsoft Power BI server for interactive data visualization. Frontline antimicrobial stewards at 10 VHA hospitals participated in the project as pilot users. Results: Separate baseline risk-adjustment models to predict days of therapy (DOT) for all antibacterial agents were created for acute-care and long-term care units based on 15,941,972 patient days and 3,011,788 DOT between October 2016 and September 2018 at 134 VHA hospitals. Risk adjustment models include month, unit types (eg, intensive care unit [ICU] vs non-ICU for acute care), specialty, age, gender, comorbidities (50 and 30 factors for acute care and long-term care, respectively), and preceding procedures (45 and 24 procedures for acute care and long-term care, respectively). We created additional models for each antimicrobial category based on National Healthcare Safety Network definitions. For each hospital, risk-adjusted benchmarking metrics and a monthly ranking within the VHA system were visualized and presented to end users through the dashboard (an example screenshot in Figure 1). Conclusions: Developing an automated surveillance system for antimicrobial consumption and risk-adjustment benchmarking using an electronic medical record data warehouse is feasible and can potentially provide valuable tools for ASPs, especially at hospitals with no or limited local informatics expertise. Future efforts will evaluate the effectiveness of dashboards in these settings. Funding: No Disclosures: None
Protograph Based Low Error Floor LDPC Coded Modulation (2006)

In this paper we propose an innovative LDPC coded modulation scheme. We design binary low density parity check (LDPC) codes that are combined with high level modulations such as 8PSK and 16QAM with and without a channel interleaver. At the receiver a demapper transforms the received inphase and quadrature samples to produce reliability information that feeds the binary LDPC decoder. Using this scheme, the same encoder and decoder can support various modulations. Analysis of ensemble average weight enumerators shows that the minimum distance of the proposed LDPC codes grows linearly with block size. Our constructions are based on protograph structures that support high-speed decoder implementations. We also show that precoding can be used to lower the threshold of LDPC codes. The decoding thresholds of the proposed codes, which have linearly increasing minimum distance in block size, outperform that of regular LDPC codes. Furthermore, a family of low to high rate codes, with thresholds that adhere closely to their respective channel capacity thresholds, is presented. For maximum variable node degree 6, the iterative decoding thresholds of these codes outperform the best known unstructured irregular LDPC codes reported in the literature. Iterative decoding simulation results are provided for BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM modulations over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. FPGA simulation results for the proposed LDPC codes with input block size of 4096 and QPSK modulation (throughput=1 bps/Hz) show that a frame error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> and a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> can be achieved at E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> =1.50 dB
Crystal data for yttrium–indium–gallium and yttrium–scandium–gallium garnets (1973)

X-ray powder data are given for Y3In2Ga3O12 and Ya3Sc2Ga3O12. The refined cell parameters are 12.548 and 12.482 A, respectively.
The Synthetic Elicitor 2-(5-Bromo-2-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Links Plant Immunity to Hormesis (2015)

Synthetic elicitors are drug-like compounds that induce plant immune responses but are structurally distinct from natural defense elicitors. Using high-throughput screening, we previously identified 114 synthetic elicitors that activate the expression of a pathogen-responsive reporter gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we report on the characterization of one of these compounds, 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (BHTC). BHTC induces disease resistance of plants against bacterial, oomycete, and fungal pathogens and has a unique mode of action and structure. Surprisingly, we found that low doses of BHTC enhanced root growth in Arabidopsis, while high doses of this compound inhibited root growth, besides inducing defense. These effects are reminiscent of the hormetic response, which is characterized by low-dose stimulatory effects of a wide range of agents that are toxic or inhibitory at higher doses. Like its effects on defense, BHTC-induced hormesis in Arabidopsis roots is partially dependent on the WRKY70 transcription factor. Interestingly, BHTC-induced root hormesis is also affected in the auxin-response mutants axr1-3 and slr-1. By messenger RNA sequencing, we uncovered a dramatic difference between transcriptional profiles triggered by low and high doses of BHTC. Only high levels of BHTC induce typical defense-related transcriptional changes. Instead, low BHTC levels trigger a coordinated intercompartmental transcriptional response manifested in the suppression of photosynthesis- and respiration-related genes in the nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria as well as the induction of development-related nuclear genes. Taken together, our functional characterization of BHTC links defense regulation to hormesis and provides a hypothetical transcriptional scenario for the induction of hormetic root growth.
Naphthodithiophene-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole copolymers for bulk heterojunction solar cells (2011)

Two newly synthesized naphthodithiophene-based copolymers, PNB, exhibit a low optical bandgap of ∼1.64 eV with which the solar cells fabricated from the blend of PNB and PC(71)BM afforded a power conversion efficiency of 5.3% with external quantum efficiency over 60% in a broad spectral range.
Quality improvement project to improve vaccinations in the pediatric liver transplant population (2021)

Administering live and inactive vaccines to select pediatric liver transplant patients appears to be safe and effective in our studied population. For PDSA cycle 2, we will continue our current practice and consider offering vaccines in transplant clinic, since this was a barrier to vaccination identified during PDSA cycle 1.
INCREASED FUEL ECONOMY IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS BY USE OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT. VOLUME III. REAL-TIME (HYBRID COMPUTER) SIMULATION PROGRAM SET (1974)

Computer simulation programs are developed to simulate the performance of current motor vehicles over all types of driving cycles. The simulation includes the effect of the dynamic interactions among the powerplant and drivetrain components, and is quite sophisticated so as to accurately predict the performance changes produced by a wide range of vehicle modifications. Volume III presents the additional programming information necessary for running the real time interactive hybrid computer simulations. (GRA)
INCREMENTAL UPDATING USING THE GOTHIC VERSIONED OBJECT DATABASE WITH THE HYDROGRAPHIC S57 ENC AND SOTF SPATIAL OBJECT TRANSFER FORMATS (2000)

Traditional relational databases and existing spatial transfer formats have been shown to be inadequate for creation, update and dissemination of the geospatial data so fundamental to modern life and commerce. This realisation has led to a shift to the Object paradigm for modelling geospatial data. This paper overviews the versioning and incremental update capabilities of a commercial object-oriented geospatial database. It specifically highlights its capabilities for multi-user simultaneous write access to continuous map data and the importance of versioned objects for generation of minimal update messages. It uses as examples the real-world implementation of the hydrographic electronic navigation chart (S57 ENC) service, with its weekly updates to mariners. It then outlines a new Spatial Object Transfer Format (SOTF), prototyped for the US National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). SOTF is specifically designed for the transfer of spatial object data, including provision of incremental updates, the preservation of added-value data and for user-defined areas-of-interest. SOTF uses XML, and has been proposed to the OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) as the direction for the future evolution of the Geography Markup Language (GML).
A review on modern defect detection models using DCNNs – Deep convolutional neural networks (2021)

It is of great use for future developments in the manufacturing industry that many of the popular, above mentioned models are easy to re-purpose for defect detection and, thus could really contribute to the overall increase in productivity of this sector. Moreover, in the experiment performed the YOLOv4 model was trained and re-purposed for industrial cable detection in several hours. The computing needs could be fulfilled by a general purpose computer or by a high-performance desktop setup, depending on the specificity of the application. Hence, the barrier of computing shall be somewhat easier to climb for all types of businesses.
Transfer Learning from Synthetic Data Applied to Soil–Root Segmentation in X-Ray Tomography Images (2018)

One of the most challenging computer vision problems in the plant sciences is the segmentation of roots and soil in X-ray tomography. So far, this has been addressed using classical image analysis methods. In this paper, we address this soil–root segmentation problem in X-ray tomography using a variant of supervised deep learning-based classification called transfer learning where the learning stage is based on simulated data. The robustness of this technique, tested for the first time with this plant science problem, is established using soil–roots with very low contrast in X-ray tomography. We also demonstrate the possibility of efficiently segmenting the root from the soil while learning using purely synthetic soil and roots.
Towards efficient protocol design through protocol profiling and verification of performance and operational metrics (2010)

Formal verification tools have been extensively used in the past to assess the correctness of protocols, processes, and systems in general. Their most common use so far has been in identifying whether livelock or deadlock situations can occur during protocol execution, process, or system operation. In this paper we aim to showcase that an additional equally important and useful application of formal verification tools can be in protocol design and optimization itself. This can be achieved by using the tools in a rather different context compared to their traditional use. That is not only as means to assess the correctness of a protocol in terms of lack of livelock and deadlock situations but rather as tools capable of building profiles of protocols, associating performance related metrics, and identifying operational patterns and possible bottleneck operations in terms of metrics of interest. This process can provide protocol designers with an insight about the protocols' behavior and guide them towards further protocol design optimizations. We illustrate these principles using some existing protocol implementations as case studies.
Detecting a targeted voice style in an audiobook using voice quality features (2012)

Audiobooks are known to contain a variety of expressive speaking styles that occur as a result of the narrator mimicking a character in a story, or expressing affect. An accurate modeling of this variety is essential for the purposes of speech synthesis from an audiobook. Voice quality differences are important features characterizing these different speaking styles, which are realized on a gradient and are often difficult to predict from the text. The present study uses a parameter characterizing breathy to tense voice qualities using features of the wavelet transform, and a measure for identifying creaky segments in an utterance. Based on these features, a combination of supervised and unsupervised classification is used to detect the regions in an audiobook, where the speaker changes his regular voice quality to a particular voice style. The target voice style candidates are selected based on the agreement of the supervised classifier ensemble output, and evaluated in a listening test.
Polymorphism of acid and neutral .ALPHA.-glucosidases in banana pulp:Changes in apparent pIs and affinity to Con A of the enzymes during ripening. (1991)

Weobserved the presence of acid and neutral a-glucosidases with optimum pHs of 4.5 and 6.5, respectively, and their multiple forms in banana pulp. By chromatofocusing analysis, each a-glucosidase from preclimacteric bananas was found to be of pi > 7.4, which disappeared upon ripening, although another formwith pi 5 as a major componentappeared instead. It is unknownwhether this phenomenon is due to protein de novo synthesis and/or post-translational modifications of the enzyme.A large amountof acid a-glucosidase from preclimacteric bananas was shownto be a glycoprotein that bound to a Con A-Sepharose column. While this type of enzyme decreased during ripening, it remained a possibility that sugar componentsof the enzymemight be processed during ripening. The neutral a-glucosidase had no affinity to the column through ripening. These results provide preliminary information on the mechanism of appearance of a-glucosidase multiforms as well as on a useful strategy for purification of acid and neutral a-glucosidases from banana pulp at various stages of ripening.
ChemInform Abstract: Triethylborane‐Induced Radical Reactions in Ionic Liquids. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interference-Based Micromechanical Spectral Equalizers (2004)

Dynamic gain equalization filters (DGEFs) are important for high-performance wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) communications. One of the first demonstrated DGEF used a micromechanical etalon filter array illuminated with free-space spectral demultiplexing optics. Here, we present subsequent research on etalon-based dynamic spectral filters, including vertical device structures which linearize and reduce the drive voltage from 70 to 40 V, and spatially-segmented etalons which allow channelized spectral equalization and further reduce drive voltage. We describe a prototype using a simplified cylindrical optomechanical package with a 104-nm broadband spectral response, 7.5-dB insertion loss and less than 16-V operation voltage. Finally, we show the use of a 42-nm bandwidth DGEF prototype with feedback stabilization to more than double the number of channels and operating bandwidth of a conventional Erbium-doped fiber amplifier while maintaining < 1-dB power uniformity.
Performance pathologies in hardware transactional memory (2007)

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) systems reflect choices from three key design dimensions: conflict detection, version management, and conflict resolution. Previously proposed HTMs represent three points in this design space: lazy conflict detection, lazy version management, committer wins (LL); eager conflict detection, lazy version management, requester wins (EL); and eager conflict detection, eager version management, and requester stalls with conservative deadlock avoidance (EE). To isolate the effects of these high-level design decisions, we develop a common framework that abstracts away differences in cache write policies, interconnects, and ISA to compare these three design points. Not surprisingly, the relative performance of these systems depends on the workload. Under light transactional loads they perform similarly, but under heavy loads they differ by up to 80%. None of the systems performs best on all of our benchmarks. We identify seven performance pathologies-interactions between workload and system that degrade performance-as the root cause of many performance differences: FriendlyFire, StarvingWriter, SerializedCommit, FutileStall, StarvingElder, RestartConvoy, and DuelingUpgrades. We discuss when and on which systems these pathologies can occur and show that they actually manifest within TM workloads. The insight provided by these pathologies motivated four enhanced systems that often significantly reduce transactional memory overhead. Importantly, by avoiding transaction pathologies, each enhanced system performs well across our suite of benchmarks.
Automated observatory in Antarctica: real-time data transfer onconstrained networks in practice (2017)

Abstract. In 2013 the scientists from the geophysical centre at Dourbes started a project to install a fully automated magnetic observatory in Antarctica. This isolated place comes with specific requirements: unmanned station during six months, low temperatures with extreme values up to –50°, minimize power consumption, satellite bandwidth limited to 56 Kbit/sec. The ultimate aim is to collect real-time magnetic data every second in Belgium: vector data from a lemi-25, absolute F measurements from a gems proton magnetometer and absolute magnetic inclination and declination measurements (approximately 5 times a day) with an automated DI-flux. To achieve real-time data transfer with traditional file transfer protocols (for instance sftp, mail, rsync), you fight against their limitations in terms of real-time. After evaluation of pro and cons of the on that moment available real-time internet of things (IoT) protocols and seismic software solutions known to UGCS, we chose to use message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) and receive the one second data with a negligible latency cost and no loss of data. Each individual instrument sends his data towards Belgium immediately after capturing it and arrives at approximately 300 milliseconds after sending which corresponds with the normal satellite latency.
Antiherpetic activities of N-alpha-acetyl-nona-D-arginine amide acetate. (1995)

N-alpha-acetyl-nona-D-arginine amide acetate (ALX40-4C) was developed as a competitive inhibitor of the binding of the HIV Tat protein to its RNA target TAR, which is an intracellular interaction dependent on a short, arginine-rich sequence in Tat. ALX40-4C is a simple mimic of that domain, which is stabilised against enzymatic degradation through inclusion of D-amino acids and terminal protection. The drug inhibits HIV-1 in vitro and is currently being assessed in vivo. In the work reported here, potential activities of the compound against other viruses were examined. As expected, there was little or no activity against most viruses examined, except against some herpesviruses: HSV-1, HSV-2 and CMV. Maximal inhibition of HSV-1 in a plaque reduction assay required pre-incubation with the drug. Maximal inhibition of HCMV, which replicates more slowly than HSV-1, requires exposure to the compound within the first few hours of infection. It appears that the drug inhibits an early step in HSV and HCMV infection. Such a mechanism is consistent with that of other cationic, herpesvirus inhibitors.
Quantification of TCE Co‐Oxidation in Groundwater Using a 14 C–Assay (2018)

Abstract Bacteria that degrade natural organic matter in groundwater contain oxygenase enzymes that can co‐oxidize trichloroethene (TCE). This degradation pathway is promising for large dilute plumes, but its evaluation is limited because the density of the bacteria with oxygenase enzymes has not been correlated to field scale rates of degradation. A 14 C–TCE assay was developed to determine pseudo first‐order rate constants for the aerobic co‐oxidation of TCE in groundwater. The assay involved incubating 14 C–TCE in samples of groundwater contained in 160 mL serum bottles, and monitoring the accumulation of radiolabel in degradation products. A first‐order rate constant for co‐oxidation was extracted from the rate of accumulation of 14 C in products, accounting for volumetric changes in the serum bottles due to sampling and subsequent changes to the distribution of TCE between the aqueous and gaseous phases. Of the groundwater samples evaluated from 19 wells at five sites, eight samples at three sites had 14 C product accumulation rates that exceeded the accumulation rate in filter‐sterilized groundwater controls. First‐order rate constants ranged from 2.65 to 0.0066 year −1 , which is equivalent to half‐lives of 0.26 to 105 years. Groundwater samples from a few of the wells in which co‐oxidation occurred had volatile organic contaminants in addition to TCE; their presence may have induced the oxygenase enzymes that are needed for TCE co‐oxidation. 14 CO 2 represented ~37% to 97% of the 14 C products that accumulated; the balance of the products was soluble and non‐volatile.
End-to-End Speaker Diarization as Post-Processing (2020)

This paper investigates the utilization of an end-to-end diarization model as post-processing of conventional clustering-based diarization. Clustering-based diarization methods partition frames into clusters of the number of speakers; thus, they typically cannot handle overlapping speech because each frame is assigned to one speaker. On the other hand, some end-to-end diarization methods can handle overlapping speech by treating the problem as multi-label classification. Although some methods can treat a flexible number of speakers, they do not perform well when the number of speakers is large. To compensate for each other's weakness, we propose to use a two-speaker end-to-end diarization method as post-processing of the results obtained by a clustering-based method. We iteratively select two speakers from the results and update the results of the two speakers to improve the overlapped region. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm consistently improved the performance of the state-of-the-art methods across CALLHOME, AMI, and DIHARD II datasets.
Network Centric Railroading Utilizing Intelligent Railroad Systems (2005)

Network Centric Railroading: Use digital data communications, sensors, and computers on railroads to: Improve safety and security; Raise effective capacity; Improve asset utilization; Improve customer satisfaction; Measure and control costs; Reduce energy consumption and emissions; Increase economic viability and profits; Manage the unexpected.