gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the higher‐order echoes in SSFP (1991)

In the steady-state free precession (SSFP) with an applied linear gradient, the transverse magnetizations are periodically distributed. Fourier analysis of this periodic distribution leads to the understanding of many interesting phenomena in SSFP. It is found that there are many other higher-order echoes in SSFP in addition to the previously known echoes. By deriving general description of the transverse magnetization of SSFP and by expanding the echo time independent term with Fourier series, the higher-order echoes including the two previously known FISP and CE-FAST are understood and explained. These higher-order echoes are studied in detail by both computer simulation and experiments and their results are reported.
Simultaneous disordering and isolation induced by ion mixing in InGaAs/InP superlattice structures (1992)

The phenomenon of simultaneous compositional disordering and the formation of electrical resistive layers induced by oxygen implantation in InGaAs/InP superlattices has been investigated. The disordering characteristics have been studied as a function of implantation temperature and ion dose. It was found that implantation at elevated temperatures (referred to as the IM or ion mixing process) usually leads to much more efficient disordering compared to implantation at room temperature followed by annealing at the same elevated temperature (referred to as the implantation plus annealing process). Of particular interest is the observation that ion mixing at 550 °C with 1×1013 O+/cm2 leads to significantly more disordering than implantation with the same dose at room temperature followed by annealing at 550 °C for the same period of ion mixing time. In addition, the electrical resistance of the ion-mixed layer at 550 °C increases 2600 times for the p-type InGaAs/InP superlattice structure, whereas the sample implanted at room temperature and annealed at 550 °C showed only a 20 times increase in electrical resistance. These results indicate a distinct advantage for the IM process in achieving simultaneous compositional disordering and electrical isolation for optoelectronic applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Fused 1,4‐Diazepines: Synthesis of Substituted 8,8a‐ Dihydrofuro(2,3‐b)(1,4)diazepin‐2‐ones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Down-Regulation of Homeobox Gene Ventx Promotes Expansion of Human Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) (2011)

Abstract Abstract 1272 Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) give rise to mature cells of all lineages of blood and immune systems. HSC transplantation has shown great promise in the treatment of malignancies, reconstitution of hematopoietic systems and HSC-based gene therapy. Cell intrinsic factors/pathways have been the targets of intensive investigation for its potential application in HSC expansion. Over the past decades, several critical cell fate determination pathways, such as the Wnt signaling pathways and senescence pathways have been implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of HSC. Moreover, overexpression of HoxB4 and BMI1 was found to be able to expand human HSC 2∼3 folds. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of HSC proliferation and differentiation remain incompletely understood and safe and efficacious expansion of human HSC remains as a fundamental challenge that limits the clinical application of HSC-based therapy. VentX is a human homologue of the Xenopus homeobox protein Xom of the BMP4 signaling pathway. Using Xenopus model and methods of reverse genetics, our recent work showed that VentX is a LEF/TCF associated Wnt repressor and an activator of senescence pathways. VentX expression is highly regulated and restricted in hematopoietic cells and serves a major regulator of hematopoietic cell differentiation. To explore the potential role of VentX in proliferation and differentiation of HSC during hematopoiesis, we quantified VentX expression during hematopoiesis, using qRT-PCR methods and examined the effects of altered VentX expression on HSC properties in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that VentX expression is significantly up-regulated during oncogenesis of hematopioetic cells. We demonstrated that lentiviral knockdown of VentX allowed for more than 5 fold ex vivo expansion of human HSC with balanced lineage development. Importantly, transient knockdown of VentX by siRNA also led to expansion of HSC. The effect of VentX down-regulation on the expansion of human HSC was also demonstrated by enhanced engraftment in the SCID/NODγ2null mouse model. Consistent with its role as a novel regulator of HSC, overexpression of VentX significantly inhibited clonal genesis of HSC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that VentX controls the expression of cell cycle regulators downstream of the Wnt and senescence pathways, such as the C-myc, CyclinD1 and p21. In summary, using methods of reverse genetic and developmental modeling, we identified VentX as a novel regulator for expansion of human BM HSC. The results of our investigations provide novel insight in regulating HSC proliferation and differentiation. In addition, the findings that transient down-regulation of VentX by SiRNA lead to efficient expansion of bone marrow HSC suggests that VentX may serve as a novel target for safe expansion of HSC for its potential clinical applications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
An electrochemical procedure for a practical preparation of piperonal from isosafrole (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn electrochemical procedure for a practical preparation of piperonal from isosafroleSigeru Torii, Kenji Uneyama, and Kyoji UedaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 10, 1830–1832Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00184a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (437 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Birth Of Modern Europe: Determining The Margins Of The Work Of Jan De Vries (2011)

As the central concept in early modern Calvinism, predestination has played a historiographical role in much of Dutch history. In The First Modern Economy , Jan de Vries and his co-author, Ad van der Woude, present the geography of the Netherlands not as a static structure but rather as a dynamic agent in economic change. In modern times, construction tends to be a sensitive barometer to the winds of economic fortune, and the same was the case in early modern Europe. In The First Modern Economy , de Vries and van der Woude cite flexible labor markets as one of the key 'modern' foundations of Dutch economic infrastructure. De Vries suggests that the industrious revolution had important consequences for the history of women, as a greater reliance on the market for goods freed women for work outside of the home. Keywords: Europe; Jan de Vries; The First Modern Economy
Performance assessment study of a 250 MVA air-cooled turbo-generator (2003)

Today, many customers require generators that combine high energy efficiency with user-friendly operation. The long term reliability of the unit is another of the most important customer considerations. To meet these expectations, Hitachi has designed a large air-cooled turbo-generator equipped with an Inter Cooler Ventilation System (ICVS), which achieves an efficiency of over 98.8% at 250 MVA. New findings based on studies of the 250 MVA generator are reported here. Due to the degree of circulating current losses, the temperature does not necessarily reach its highest point at the innermost position. After identifying the critical points, 1000 sensors were set in the test generator and it's operational performance was evaluated. The temperature evaluations related to the stator windings and the measured flow in the air gap demonstrated a positive correlation with the measured values. The highest temperature in the generator had a wide margin relative to the class B temperature limitations. This performance-based assessment will assist in assuring the long-term reliability of the generator.
Inside Front Cover: Molten Salt Synthesis and High Rate Performance of the “Desert‐Rose” form of LiCoO2 (Adv. Mater. 11/2008) (2008)

On p. 2206, Hailong Chen and Clare P. Grey describe the molten-salt synthesis of a new morphology for a cathode material used widely in lithium batteries, LiCoO2, with a similar structure, shown on the cover, to that seen for the “desert-rose” morphology of the mineral gypsum. The material shows excellent capacity at high rates; a remarkable difference to the material used commercially.
Efficacy and safety of talazoparib (TALA) or physician's choice of therapy (PCT) in United States patients (pts) with HER2- germline BRCA1/2-mutated (gBRCAm) locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (LA/MBC) in the EMBRACA study. (2019)

1044 Background: TALA is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved in the US for HER2- g BRCAm LA/MBC. Approval was based on results from the Phase 3 EMBRACA trial comparing efficacy/safety of TALA (1 mg/d) to PCT (capecitabine, eribulin, gemcitabine, vinorelbine) in HER2- g BRCAm LA/MBC pts. This analysis describes outcomes in US pts included in the pivotal study. Methods: Clinical findings from US pts enrolled in EMBRACA were analyzed. Pt characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety/adverse events (AEs) were among the parameters assessed. Results: Of 431 randomized pts, 156 pts (36%) were from the US (TALA: 99; PCT: 57). Pt characteristics were balanced, although a higher percentage in the TALA arm had more poor prognostic features (eg, triple-negative breast cancer, disease-free interval &lt; 12 mo, and more disease sites). TALA improved PFS, ORR, CBR, and duration of response (DOR) vs PCT (Table). 22% of pts in the TALA arm had a continued objective response at month 12 vs 0 pts in the PCT arm. The most common AEs in the TALA arm included anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, alopecia, and headache; hematologic grade 3/4 AEs occurred more often than nonhematologic AEs. Conclusions: In US pts with HER2- g BRCAm LA/MBC, TALA demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes vs PCT with a manageable safety profile. Clinical trial information: NCT01945775. [Table: see text]
Low‐Temperature Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons over Lanthanide Oxide Based Catalysts (2002)

Katalysierte Hydrolyse mithilfe von Dampf gelingt mit einem Trägerkatalysatorsystem auf der Basis von Lanthanoidoxiden; hiermit werden chlorierte Verbindungen wie CCl4 bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen zu CO2 und HCl als den einzigen Reaktionsprodukten umgesetzt. Die in situ gebildete aktive Katalysatorform besteht aus Lanthanoidoxidchloriden, wie anhand der Banden bei 125, 188, 215, 335 und 440 cm−1 im Raman-Spektrum (siehe Bild) festgestellt wurde, und bleibt stabil, so lange Dampf vorhanden ist.
Ultra low energy boron implantation using cluster ions for decananometer MOSFETs (1999)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. Sugii, K. Goto, T. Tanaka, J. Matsuo, I. Yamada; Ultra low energy boron implantation using cluster ions for decananometer MOSFETs. AIP Conf. Proc. 10 June 1999; 475 (1): 383–386. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.59255 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Optical properties of cresyl violet–polymer composites for quantification of humidity and ammonia gas in ambient air (1993)

The optical spectra of various cresyl violet–polymer composites have been investigated. For dye–poly(ethylene oxide) the spectrum was sensitive to the concentration of ammonia in air, i.e. the absorbance at 600 nm decreased but at 460 nm it increased with increasing ammonia content in the air. The ammonia molecule interacts chemically with the monocationic form of the dye and forms a weak charge-transfer complex. For the dye–Nafion composite, the absorbance at 610 nm increased as the humidity increased. An increase in the water content of the film induced the formation of lower protonated forms of the dye trapped within the Nafion matrix.
Ultrahigh Size Exclusion Selectivity for Carbon Dioxide from Nitrogen/Methane in an Ultramicroporous Metal–Organic Framework (2022)

Separations based on molecular size (molecular sieving) are a solution for environmental remediation. We have synthesized and characterized two new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (<b>Zn</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>M</b>; M = Zn, Cd) with ultramicropores (<0.7 nm) suitable for molecular sieving. We explore the synthesis of these MOFs and the role that the DMSO/H<sub>2</sub>O/DMF solvent mixture has on the crystallization process. We further explore the crystallographic data for the DMSO and methanol solvated structures at 273 and 100 K; this not only results in high-quality structural data but also allows us to better understand the structural features at temperatures around the gas adsorption experiments. Structurally, the main difference between the two MOFs is that the central metal in the trimetallic node can be changed from Zn to Cd and that results in a sub-Å change in the size of the pore aperture, but a stark change in the gas adsorption properties. The separation selectivity of the MOF when M = Zn is infinite given the pore aperture of the MOF can accommodate CO<sub>2</sub> while N<sub>2</sub> and/or CH<sub>4</sub> is excluded from entering the pore. Furthermore, due to the size exclusion behavior, the MOF has an adsorption selectivity of 4800:1 CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and 5 × 10<sup>28</sup>:1 CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>. When M = Cd, the pore aperture of the MOF increases slightly, allowing N<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> to enter the pore, resulting in a 27.5:1 and a 10.5:1 adsorption selectivity, respectively; this is akin to UiO-66, a MOF that is not able to function as a molecular sieve for these gases. The data delineate how subtle sub-Å changes to the pore aperture of a framework can drastically affect both the adsorption selectivity and separation selectivity.
Thermal Decomposition Products Testing With 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5 nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl pentan-3-one (C6 F-ketone) During Fire Extinguishing (2003)

The thermal decomposition products (TDP) generated during fire suppression with 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5 nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl pentan-3-one were studied using wet chemistry and FTIR. Small-scale testing was conducted in a 1.28-m3 (45-ft3) enclosure. The effects of fire size, agent discharge time, and agent concentration on TDP are reported. A comparison of the two methods is presented. In terms of magnitude and generation trends, the TDPs were found to be comparable to other in-kind halon alternatives.
“Microenvironmental contaminations” induced by fluorescent lipophilic dyes used for noninvasive in vitro and in vivo cell tracking (2010)

Determining how normal and leukemic stem cells behave in vivo, in a dynamic and noninvasive way, remains a major challenge. Most optical tracking technologies rely on the use of fluorescent or bioluminescent reporter genes, which need to be stably expressed in the cells of interest. Because gene transfer in primary leukemia samples represents a major risk to impair their capability to engraft in a xenogenic context, we evaluated the possibility to use gene transfer-free labeling technologies. The lipophilic dye 3,3,3',3' tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) was selected among 4 near-infrared (NIR) staining technologies. Unfortunately we report here a massive transfer of the dye occurring toward the neighbor cells both in vivo and in vitro. We further demonstrate that all lipophilic dyes tested in this study (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine perchlorate [DiI], DiD, DiR, and PKH26) can give rise to microenvironmental contamination, including when used in suboptimal concentration, after extensive washing procedures and in the absence of phagocytosis or marked cell death. This was observed from all cell types tested. Eventually, we show that this microenvironmental contamination is mediated by both direct cell-cell contacts and diffusible microparticles. We conclude that tracking of labeled cells using non-genetically encoded markers should always be accompanied by drastic cross validation using multimodality approaches.
Loss of Function of Arabidopsis C-Terminal Domain Phosphatase-Like1 Activates Iron Deficiency Responses at the Transcriptional Level (2012)

The expression of genes that control iron (Fe) uptake and distribution (i.e. Fe utilization-related genes) is tightly regulated. Fe deficiency strongly induces Fe utilization-related gene expression; however, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this response in plants. Transcriptome analysis of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant defective in RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain-phosphatase-like1 (CPL1) revealed significant up-regulation of Fe utilization-related genes (e.g. IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1), suggesting the importance of RNA metabolism in Fe signaling. An analysis using multiple cpl1 alleles established that cpl1 mutations enhanced specific transcriptional responses to low Fe availability. Changes in protein level were less prominent than those in transcript level, indicating that cpl1-2 mainly affects the Fe deficiency response at the transcriptional level. However, Fe content was significantly increased in the roots and decreased in the shoots of cpl1-2 plants, indicating that the cpl1 mutations do indeed affect Fe homeostasis. Furthermore, root growth of cpl1-2 showed improved tolerance to Fe deficiency and cadmium (Cd) toxicity. cpl1-2 plants accumulated more Cd in the shoots, suggesting that Cd toxicity in the roots of this mutant is averted by the transport of excess Cd to the shoots. Genetic data indicate that cpl1-2 likely activates Fe deficiency responses upstream of both FE-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Interestingly, various osmotic stress/abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible genes were up-regulated in cpl1-2, and the expression of some ABA-inducible genes was controlled by Fe availability. We propose that the cpl1 mutations enhance Fe deficiency signaling and promote cross talk with a branch of the osmotic stress/ABA signaling pathway.
Model-based OPC using the MEEF matrix (2002)

This paper covers the topic of matrix-OPC. In matrix-OPC, we perform OPC edge movements, considering the cross-MEEF of all edges which affect the edge placement error (EPE) at each simulation site. This contrasts with standard model-based OPC methods. In the standard methods a simulation site is placed on each edge fragment. The EPE is monitored by simulation along all sites. The EPE is assumed to be controllable for each site by moving the position of its edge fragment. In matrix OPC, not just one fragment, but all fragments which influence the EPE are used to control the EPE for a given site. Matrix OPC has application to the following areas: (1) OPC on PSM where non-adjacent edges can have larger impact than adjacent edges, (2) dipole and other complex illumination schemes, and (3) when the assumption that the self-MEEF terms are dominant starts to break down or when MEEF becomes negative.
Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Carboamination for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Five-Membered Iminosugar C-Glycosides (2022)

We report here a new method for the stereoselective synthesis of five-membered iminosugar C-glycosides using an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed carboamination. We have prepared efficiently two sugar-derived aminoalkenes, which were submitted to the carboamination conditions in the presence of different aryl bromides. A small library of protected iminosugars carrying a 1-<i>C</i>-arylmethyl substituent was obtained, and some of them were fully deprotected to yield original iminosugar C-glycosides. This methodology provides one of the shortest pathways to this family of molecules.
Natural History of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations (2001)

Rebleeding is not more common among patients who first present with bleeding, and it often has little effect on the neurological status of patients. Significant morbidity attributable to a brainstem cavernoma occurred in 8% of patients during follow-up monitoring of medium duration.
Injury analysis validation of a deformable vehicle (2013)

In the event of an impact with an automobile, pedestrians suffer multiple impacts with the
bumper, hood and the windscreen. The characteristics of a vehicle’s front end and structural
stiffness have a significant influence on the kinematics and injury risk of the pedestrian’s body
regions, in a vehicle-to-pedestrian collision. In this present study, the injury risk of the pedestrian is
investigated in an impact with a deformable vehicle front end model for the purpose of validating
the developed model. A simplified vehicle front end model consisting of a multi body windscreen
and a finite element cowl, hood and bumper is developed. The MADYMO human pedestrian multi
body dummy model is impacted by the vehicle front end model at the speed of 40 km/h. The injury
to the various body segments namely the head, neck, sternum, lumbar, femur and tibia is obtained.
The simulation values are compared to the experimental values for verification of the vehicle front
end model.
Cardiomyopathies Due to Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Mitochondrial and Storage Diseases, and Inborn Errors of Metabolism (2017)

The normal function of the human myocardium requires the proper generation and utilization of energy and relies on a series of complex metabolic processes to achieve this normal function. When metabolic processes fail to work properly or effectively, heart muscle dysfunction can occur with or without accompanying functional abnormalities of other organ systems, particularly skeletal muscle. These metabolic derangements can result in structural, functional, and infiltrative deficiencies of the heart muscle. Mitochondrial and enzyme defects predominate as disease-related etiologies. In this review, left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, which is often caused by mutations in sarcomere and cytoskeletal proteins and is also associated with metabolic abnormalities, is discussed. In addition, cardiomyopathies resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, storage diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism are described.