gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism and Kinetics of Iodide-Mediated Polymerization of Styrene (1998)

The kinetics of the bulk polymerization of styrene in the presence of a model ω-polystyryl iodide (Mn ≈ 2000, and Mw/Mn ≈ 1.26) as mediator and benzoyl peroxide as initiator was studied. The rate of polymerization, Rp, was found to be independent of the iodide concentration, showing that the stationary concentration of polymer radicals, [P*], is determined by the balance of initiation and termination rates, as in the conventional (iodide-free) system. The pseudo-first-order activation rate constant kact of the model iodide was determined as a function of BPO concentration and temperature (50−80 °C) by both the GPC curve-resolution and polydispersity-analysis methods. The results showed that kact is directly proportional to [P*], which means that degenerative transfer (active species-exchanging transfer) is the only important mechanism of activation in this system. The activation energy for the transfer rate constant kex was found to be 27.8 kJ mol-1, somewhat smaller than the known activation energy for the styrene propagation rate constant kp of 32.5 kJ mol-1. This indicates that lowering, rather than raising, the reaction temperature will be more effective in preparing polystyrenes with a narrower polydispersity by the iodide-mediated polymerization. This is because the most important parameter for determining the polydispersity of a degenerative-transfer-type system is the kex/kp ratio, as has been known for some time.
Molecular Techniques for Detection of <I>Tribolium confusum</I> Infestations in Stored Products (2009)

The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a stored-product pest that contaminates a wide range of food products, from flour and cereals to spices. The insect reduces food quality and is responsible for large economic losses every year. Although several methods for detection of stored-product pests are common and widely used, they are time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, establishing molecular methods of detection of stored-product pests could provide a useful alternative method. We have undertaken attempts to establish methods of detection of T. confusum based on molecular biology techniques of standard and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total DNA of T. confusum and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), used as a negative control, was isolated from insects and used as a template in standard and real-time PCR reactions. Specific primers have been designed on the basis of sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragment of rDNA and subunit I of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase of T. confusum available in the GenBank database. Standard PCR reactions with primers specific to the ITS fragment proved to be reliable and sensitive. Real-time PCR reactions with primers specific for mitochondrial DNA are considered to serve as a supplemental detection method for quantitative assessment of the infestation level.
Intravesical Ty21a Vaccine Promotes Dendritic Cells and T Cell–Mediated Tumor Regression in the MB49 Bladder Cancer Model (2019)

Preclinical data show that intravesical instillation of Ty21a/Vivotif, a commercial vaccine against typhoid fever, is an effective alternative option to standard Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Here, we characterized the inflammatory effects of Ty21a on the bladder and investigated the immune mechanisms underlying tumor regression toward the use of this bacterial vaccine in NMIBC patients. MB49 bladder tumor-bearing mice had significantly improved survival after intravesical instillations of Ty21a doses of 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming units. By IHC and morphology, both BCG and Ty21a instillations were associated with bladder inflammation, which was decreased with the use of low, but effective doses of Ty21a. Flow-cytometry analysis showed a significant infiltration of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid cells, compared with controls, after a single dose of Ty21a, whereas this was only observed after multiple doses of BCG. The induced myeloid cells were predominantly neutrophils and Ly6C<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells (DC), the latter being significantly more numerous after instillation of Ty21a than BCG. <i>Ex vivo</i> infection of human leukocytes with Ty21a, but not BCG, similarly significantly increased DC frequency. CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, but not NK cells nor neutrophils, were required for effective bladder tumor regression upon Ty21a treatment. Thus, the generation of antitumor adaptive immunity was identified as a key process underlying Ty21a-mediated treatment efficacy. Altogether, these results demonstrate mechanisms behind intravesical Ty21a therapy and suggest its potential as a safe and effective treatment for NMIBC patients.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Seiricuprolide and Pestalotioprolide B (2023)

Abstract The first total syntheses of seiricuprolide and pestalotioprolide B, rare 14‐membered α,β‐unsaturated macrolides embedding a chiral epoxide motif, were achieved in 17 steps with 1.9 % and 1.6 % overall yields, respectively. Our synthesis featured the key Shiina macrolactonization to construct the 14‐membered macrocyclic skeleton, Wittig olefination to generate the ( E )‐α,β‐unsaturated ester and selective reduction of advanced chiral propargylic alcohol intermediate to enable the exclusive formation of Z ‐ or E ‐olefin at C8−C9. Synthetic seiricuprolide and pestalotioprolide B were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the HCT116 colon cancer cell line as well as their inhibitory effect on CFTR chloride channel activity in human intestinal epithelial (T84) cells. Preliminary structure–activity relationship suggested that the C5−C6 β‐epoxide moiety suppressed both biological activities.
Determination of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) IgG subclasses − comparison of three immunoprecipitation assays (IPAs) (2007)

IgG subclasses of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD(65)) antibodies (GADA) may reflect the immunological state in the pancreas of GADA-positive patients with autoimmune diabetes. The use of biotin-conjugated antibodies and streptavidin Sepharose are used commonly in immunoprecipitation assays (IPA) based on (125)I- or (35)S-labelled antigens to capture IgG subclasses directed against IA-2 or GAD(65). We have compared three different immunoprecipitation assays for the determination of GADA IgG subclasses. Two of the assays were based on the biotin and streptavidin systems provided in a solid (immobilized) or liquid (mobilized) phase binding environment. The third assay was based on N-hydroxysuccinimide (immobilized) interaction with primary amines (i.e. lysine residues) on the antibody. We found the liquid phase binding assay (LPBA) to be the most stable assay, with a comparatively low coefficient of variation and background.
Molecular Scaffolds. 3. An Artificial Parallel .beta.-Sheet (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Scaffolds. 3. An Artificial Parallel .beta.-SheetJames S. Nowick, Eric M. Smith, and Glenn NoronhaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 23, 7386–7387Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00128a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views419Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1005 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Antibiotic Delivery Effects from HA on Bone Cement in the Interface Bioactive Bone Cement for Prevention of Infection in Joint Replacement (2011)

Antibiotics release impregnated in HA granules, which were used in IBBC to prevent infection after total joint arthroplasty, was measured. For antibiotics, Flumarin, Vancomycin, Pansporin and Firstcin were used. Two models of antibiotics release were assumed; Model [I]: antibiotics release from surroundings of HA granules immediately after surgery and Model [II]: antibiotics release loaded on HA after antibiotics release from surroundings of HA granules as follows; (1) loading in normal pressure and (2) loading in reduced pressure. The amount of antibiotics loaded on HA is higher when loading is conducted under reduced pressure than that under normal pressure. Firstcin showed the highest loaded amount and the most desirable sustained release pattern. The antibiotics release from HA are varid depending on the antibiotics used.
Transition-metal complexes corresponding to the insertion into a Group 4A element-carbon bond. 3. Reactivity of complexes with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Crystal structure of (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)(triphenylgermyl)(.eta.3-hexenyl)nitrosylmolybdenum (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal complexes corresponding to the insertion into a Group 4A element-carbon bond. 3. Reactivity of complexes with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Crystal structure of (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)(triphenylgermyl)(.eta.3-hexenyl)nitrosylmolybdenumFrancis Carre, Ernesto Colomer, Robert J. P. Corriu, and Andre ViouxCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 7, 970–977Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00085a003https://doi.org/10.1021/om00085a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Emulation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Nonlinear Magnetics - Concept & Verification (2016)

This paper presents a power hardware-in-the-loop emulation test bench (PHIL), based on a modular multiphase multilevel converter (MMPMC), to mimic arbitrary permanent magnet synchronous machines with nonlinear magnetics as they are used in automotive applications. Measurements in stationary operation as well as high dynamic torque steps are conducted at a real automotive machine and precisely reproduced at the PHIL system to demonstrate the excellent performance of the PHIL test bench. Moreover, the superiority of a PHIL test bench over conventional motor test benches is proven by the unproblematic emulation of a blocking rotor or a cracking shaft.
Assessment of Extracellular Vesicles Purity Using Proteomic Standards (2017)

The increasing interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research is fueled by reports indicating their unique role in intercellular communication and potential connection to the development of common human diseases. The unique role assumes unique protein and nucleic acid cargo. Unfortunately, accurate analysis of EVs cargo faces a challenge of EVs isolation. Generally used isolation techniques do not separate different subtypes of EVs and even more, poorly separate EVs from non-EVs contaminants. Further development of EVs isolation protocols urgently needs a quantitative method of EVs purity assessment. We report here that multiple reaction monitoring assay using internal standards carrying peptides for quantification of EVs and non-EVs proteins is a suitable approach to assess purity of EVs preparations. As a first step in potential standardization of EVs isolation, we have evaluated polymer-based precipitation techniques and compared them to traditional ultracentrifugation protocol.
Damage thresholds in femtosecond laser processing of silica: a review (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. Poumellec and M. Lancry, "Damage thresholds in femtosecond laser processing of silica: a review," in Advanced Photonics & Renewable Energy, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper BWC4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Use of lipases in multiphasic systems solely composed of substrates (1991)

Three lipase‐catalyzed reactions have been investigated in relation to specificity and water dependence. The reactions in question include: the synthetic reaction between oleic acid and glycerol; the enzymatic hydrolysis of triolein; and alcoholysis/glycerolysis transesterification reactions. All reactions were carried out under solventfree conditions. In each case, the medium composition and reaction conditions were optimized in order to work at elevated substrate concentrations and to minimize the production of by‐products. Different lipase preparations have been tested in each reaction. In the synthetic reaction, the effective removal of produced water was found to be vital for the production of triolein. With water removal and glycerol amounts not higher than required by the stoichiometry of the reaction, 95% of the available oleic acid was converted to triolein in 48 hr. The production of triolein was also found to be dependent on the availability of the 1,2‐diglyceride to react with oleic acid. In the hydrolysis reaction, best conversion yields of triolein towards monoolein, diolein and free fatty acid were obtained when water was considered simply as a substrate of the reaction. In glycerolysis reactions, the reaction of triolein to give monoolein and diolein followed much the same pattern as for hydrolysis, when water was replaced by glycerol. It was shown again that near stoichiometric amounts of substrates led to the best conversion to mono‐ and diglycerides. A small excess of glycerol was found to be very inhibitory to the reaction. All possible isomers were formed during the reaction. Conversely, in alcoholysis reactions between triolein and stearyl alcohol the specificity of the lipase was upheld. Excess alcohol in this instance was found to be beneficial.
Catalytic Reduction of N2 to Borylamine at a Molybdenum Complex (2021)

Catalytic formation of borylamines from atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> is achieved for the first time using a series of homogenous (triphosphine)Mo complexes. Stepwise functionalization of the (triphosphine)Mo-nitrido complex with chloroborane led to the synthesis of the imido complex. Electrochemical characterization of the (PPP)Mo-nitrido and (PPP)Mo-borylimido complexes showed that the latter is much more easily reduced.
A novel synthetic route of the caspase-3 sensor for determination of caspase-3 based on Förster resonance energy transfer (2012)

The sensor is based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In this system, an energy absorbed by a chromophore (donor) is transferred nonradiatively to a fluorophore (acceptor) by dipole-dipole coupling through a linking chain. quantum dots (QDs) with high extinction coefficients and sulphorhodamine B are used as donors and acceptors. The molecule of our sensor consists of three parts.
Synthesis of Cobalamin Dimers Using Isophthalate Cross-Linking of Corrin Ring Carboxylates and Evaluation of Their Binding to Transcobalamin II (1997)

Several cobalamin (Cbl) dimers have been prepared for evaluation as potential antiproliferative agents in the treatment of AIDS-related lymphoma. The Cbl dimers were synthesized by cross-linking Cbl carboxylates, produced by acid hydrolysis of the b-, d-, and e-propionamide side chains of cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl), through an isophthalate molecule. Linking molecules were used between the Cbl carboxylates and the isophthalate moiety. The linkers were incorporated to provide a distance between the two Cbl molecules such that the dimeric Cbls might bind two molecules of transcobalamin II (TCII), the Cbl transport protein in plasma. Initially, the linking moiety used was 1,12-diaminododecane, but the resulting dimers had low aqueous solubility. To improve the solubility of the dimers, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine was employed as the linking moiety. This improved the water solubility of the dimers considerably, while retaining the distance between the Cbl molecules at 41-42 A (fully extended). To introduce additional substitution on Cbl dimers, 5-aminoisophthalic acid was used as the cross-linking reagent. p-Iodobenzoyl and p-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoyl conjugates of 5-aminoisophthalate were synthesized and used to prepare Cbl dimers. The stannylbenzoyl-conjugated Cbl dimers were prepared as precursors to be used in radioiodination reactions, and the iodobenzoyl-conjugated Cbl dimers were prepared as HPLC standards for the radioiodinated product. Attempts to iodinate/radioiodinate the stannylbenzoyl Cbl dimers were unsuccessful. Although an explanation for this is not readily apparent, the failure to react may be due to the lipophilicity of the linker used and the steric environment of the two Cbl moieties. A biotinylated derivative of 5-aminoisophthalate was also synthesized and used to prepare biotinylated-Cbl dimers. In a competitive rhTCII binding assay with [57Co]CN-Cbl, Cbl dimers containing the lipophilic diaminododecane linking moiety had decreased binding avidities compared to those of Cbl monomers substituted at the same corrin ring carboxylate. However, Cbl dimers containing the water-solubilizing trioxadiamine linker appeared to have avidities similar to those of the Cbl monomers.
Overexpression of PDGFRA cooperates with loss of NF1 and p53 to accelerate the molecular pathogenesis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (2016)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive, frequently metastatic sarcomas that are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a prominent inherited genetic disease in humans. Although loss of the NF1 gene predisposes to MPNST induction, relatively long tumor latency in NF1 patients suggests that additional genetic or epigenetic abnormalities are needed for the development of these nerve sheath malignancies. To study the molecular pathways contributing to the formation of MPNSTs in NF1 patients, we used a zebrafish tumor model defined by nf1 loss in a p53-deficient background together with the overexpression of either wild-type or constitutively activated PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α) under control of the sox10 neural crest-specific promoter. Here we demonstrate the accelerated onset and increased penetrance of MPNST formation in fish overexpressing both the wild-type and the mutant PDGFRA transgenes in cells of neural crest origin. Interestingly, overexpression of the wild-type PDGFRA was even more potent in promoting transformation than the mutant PDGFRA, which is important because ~78% of human MPNSTs have expression of wild-type PDGFRA, whereas only 5% harbor activating mutations of the gene encoding this receptor. Further analysis revealed the induction of cellular senescence in zebrafish embryos overexpressing mutant, but not wild-type, PDGFRA, suggesting a mechanism through which the oncogenic activity of the mutant receptor is tempered by the activation of premature cellular senescence in an NF1-deficient background. Taken together, our study suggests a model in which overexpression of wild-type PDGFRA associated with NF1 deficiency leads to aberrant activation of downstream RAS signaling and thus contributes importantly to MPNST development-a prediction supported by the ability of the kinase inhibitor sunitinib alone and in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib to retard MPNST progression in transgenic fish overexpressing the wild-type receptor.
LOW-PROFILE, LIGHT-WEIGHT INTERMODAL RAILCAR VOLUME II: ACCEPTANCE TEST PLAN (1981)

The Performance Specification and Acceptance Test Plan, respectively contained in Volumes I and II of this report, define the requirements for a low-profile, light-weight intermodal railcar. The Car specified here must be able to operate within restricted clearances when carrying either highway trailers or standard shipping containers and must be designed for low aerodynamic resistance and light weight in order to conserve energy. Also, it must be capable of dynamically stable operation at the high speeds which may be expected in special intermodal unit trains. Both safety and protection of lading against the damage which can be caused by excessive ride vibration must be considered in the design of the Car. It is intended that these requirements will stimulate the development of innovative railcar designs. The Car specified here is an idealized concept which satisfies the most stringent technological requirements presently envisioned for intermodal service. The performance baseline defined here may not be equally appropriate for all users of the Specification, some of whom may wish to modify some of the requirements better to reflect their particular needs. The Acceptance Test Plan includes not only the performance tests which must be performed to verify compliance with the Specification, but also the sequence of preliminary and detailed analyses which should be performed to facilitate development of a Car design which will meet the performance requirements.