gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury (2012)

Different approaches are available to compensate gait in persons with spinal cord injury, including passive orthoses, functional electrical stimulation (FES), and robotic exoskeletons. However, several drawbacks arise from each specific approach. Orthotic gait is energy-demanding for the user and functionally ineffective. FES uses the muscles as natural actuators to generate gait, providing not only functional but also psychological benefits to the users. However, disadvantages are also related to the early appearance of muscle fatigue and the control of joint trajectories. Robotic exoskeletons that provide joint moment compensation or substitution to the body during walking have been developed in recent years. Significant advances have been achieved, but the technology itself is not mature yet because of many limitations related to both physical and cognitive interaction as well as portability and energy-management issues. Meanwhile, the combination of FES technology and exoskeletons has emerged as a promising approach to both gait compensation and rehabilitation, bringing together technologies, methods, and rehabilitation principles that can overcome the drawbacks of each individual approach. This article presents an overview of hybrid lower-limb exoskeletons, related technologies, and advances in actuation and control systems. Also, we highlight the functional assessment of individuals with spinal cord injury.
Development of VHDL model for fixed-point Discrete Wavelet Transform (2012)

The wavelet transform is an efficient technique for multi-resolution analysis of non-stationary and fast transient signals. For this reason, wavelet transform has been widely applied in signal analysis through processing, encoding, denoising and encrypting. The objective of this paper is to represent the development process of VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) Hardware Description Language (VHDL) based wavelet transform model. The VHDL model development is based on fixed-point arithmetic. A fixed-point number represents a number which has fixed number of digits after and before of the radix point and of real data type. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is a method that uses wavelet analyser in which case the signals composed into small pieces preserving both time and frequency properties. Out of the mother wavelet functions family, 2nd order of Daubechies (4-tap) has been widely used in denoising various types of biomedical signals. This research work involves with the VHDL modeling of Daubechies wavelet which is developed by Ingrid Daubechies. The functionality of VHDL model for DWT structure has been tested successfully and its performance level is in the satisfactory region (up to two decimal points of precision).
Postoperative analgesia in total hip arthroplasty: A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on peroperative and postoperative ropivacaine, ketorolac, and adrenaline wound infiltration (2007)

Operative and postoperative wound infiltration with multimodal drugs reduces pain and the requirement for analgesics after hip replacement, leading to faster postoperative mobilization.
Dipolar coupling and ordering effects observed in magnetic resonance spectra of skeletal muscle (2001)

Skeletal muscle is a biological structure with a high degree of organization at different spatial levels. This order influences magnetic resonance (MR) in vivo-in particular 1H-spectra-by a series of effects that have very distinct physical sources and biomedical applications: (a) bulk fat (extramyocellular lipids, EMCL) along fasciae forms macroscopic plates, changing the susceptibility within these structures compared to the spherical droplets that contain intra-myocellular lipids (IMCL); this effect leads to a separation of the signals from EMCL and IMCL; (b) dipolar coupling effects due to anisotropic motional averaging have been shown for 1H-resonances of creatine, taurine, and lactate; (c) aromatic protons of carnosine show orientation-dependent effects that can be explained by dipolar coupling, chemical shift anisotropy or by relaxation anisotropy; (d) limited rotational freedom and/or compartmentation may explain differences of 1H-MR-visibility of the creatine/phosphocreatine resonances; (e) lactate 1H-MR resonances are reported to reveal information on tissue compartmentation; (f) transverse relaxation of water and metabolites show multiple components, indicative of intra-, extracellular and/or macromolecular-bound pools, and in addition dipolar or J-coupling lead to a modulation of the signal decay, hindering straightforward interpretation; (g) diffusion weighted 31P-MRS has shown restricted diffusion of phosphocreatine; (h) magnetization transfer (MT) indicates that there is a motionally restricted proton pool in spin-exchange with free creatine; reduced availability or restricted motion of creatine is particularly important for an estimation of ADP from 31P-MR spectra, and in addition MT effects may alter the signal intensity of creatine 1H-resonances following water-suppression pulses; (i) transcytolemmal water-exchange can be studied in 1H-MRS by contrast-agents applied to the extracellular space; (k) transport of glucose across the cell membrane has been studied in diabetes patients using a combination of 13C- and 31P-MRS; and l residual quadrupolar interaction in 23Na MR spectra from human skeletal muscle suggest that sodium ions are bound to ordered muscular structures.
Dissecting Protein Function Using Chemical Proteomic Methods (2005)

The completion of genome projects of multiple organisms has revealed an enormous number of unknown protein products. The field of proteomics has now become focused on finding ways to elucidate the cellular function of these proteins and their possible role in pathological processes. A relatively new approach to address global protein function has been termed activity-based proteomics or chemical proteomics. This method makes use of small molecules that can covalently attach to catalytic residues in an enzyme active site. The selectivity of the chemically reactive group allows specific proteins or protein subsets to be tagged, purified and analyzed, providing insight in their biochemical roles. As a result this technique has the potential to accelerate the process of identification of new drug targets.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Unifying Structural Model of Heteropolymolybdate Salts: Microstructure and Thermal Stability of a Series of Molecular Oxides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IORT for Bone Sarcomas (1999)

Bone sarcomas are rare entities in clinical oncology, in which the histological subtype and site of involvement define the natural history of the disease and in particular the appropriate treatment strategy (1). Ewing sarcoma is a chemo- and radiation-sensitive disease in which combined-modality therapy (more recently including a surgical component) is mandatory for radical management (2). Osteosarcoma survival rates have been significantly improved by adjuvant chemotherapy and extremity preservation rates by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3). Other uncommon bone sarcomas such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) or chondrosarcoma are considered marginally sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the primary radical treatment modality is surgery (4,5).A universal feature in the natural history of bone sarcomas is the tendency to involve the extraosseous soft tissue and neurovascular structures once the tumor growth and infiltration acquires a certain size.
Pharmacology and phytochemistry of South African plants used as anthelmintics. (2009)

Traditional medicine in South Africa is part of the culture of the people and has been in existence for a long-time. Although animal components form part of the ingredients used, plant material constitutes the major component. South Africa is endowed with vast resources of medicinal and aromatic plants which have been employed for treatment against various diseases for decades. A large number of South Africans still depend on traditional medicine for their healthcare needs due to its affordability, accessibility and cultural importance. Helminth infections are among the variety of diseases treated by traditional healers. These infections are regarded as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) due to their high prevalence among the economically disadvantaged living in rural areas in different regions of the world. For this study, eleven plants from nine families were selected based on their ethnopharmacological uses as anthelmintics. To validate the efficacy of the plants and for possible discovery of bioactive chemicals, it was deemed important to pharmacologically investigate the selected plants. Besides anthelmintic testing, antimicrobial activity and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity screening of the plants were also carried out because microbial infections and inflammation are often associated with helminth infections. The plants investigated were also subjected to phytochemical analysis to test for the presence of different secondary metabolites that could be responsible for the biological activities observed. The plant materials were collected in KwaZulu-Natal between February and April 2009. Plant parts used in traditional medicine were collected and for sustainable harvesting of medicinal plants in order to enhance conservation, alternative plant parts (leaves and twigs) of some of the plants were also investigated. Independently, the plant material was extracted using petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol (EtOH) and water. A total of 80 extracts were prepared from the selected plants which were screened for anthelmintic, antimicrobial and COX inhibitory activities. For the phytochemical analysis, 50% aqueous methanol (MeOH) extracts were used to determine the presence of phenolics and alkaloids, while water
A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks (2017)

Elastic optical networks (EON) have been proposed to meet the network capacity and dynamicity challenges. Hardware and software resource optimization and re-configurability are key enablers for EONs. Recently, innovative multi-carrier transmission techniques have been extensively investigated to realize high capacity (Tb/s) flexible transceivers. In addition to standard telecommunication lasers, optical carrier generators based on optical frequency combs (OFC) have also been considered with expectations of reduced cost and inventory, improved spectral efficiency, and flexibility. A wide range of OFC generation techniques have been proposed in the literature over the past few years. It is imperative to summarize the state of the art, compare and assess these diverse techniques from a practical perspective. In this survey, we identify salient features of optical multicarrier generators, review and compare these techniques both from a physical and network layer perspective. OFC demultiplexing/filtering techniques have also been reviewed. In addition to transmission performance, the impact of such sources on the network performance and real-world deployment strategies with reference to cost, power consumption, and level of flexibility have also been discussed. Field trials, integrated solutions, and flexibility demonstrations are also reported. Finally, open issues and possible future directions that can lead to real network deployment are highlighted.
HEXIM1 controls satellite cell expansion after injury to regulate skeletal muscle regeneration (2012)

The native capacity of adult skeletal muscles to regenerate is vital to the recovery from physical injuries and dystrophic diseases. Currently, the development of therapeutic interventions has been hindered by the complex regulatory network underlying the process of muscle regeneration. Using a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, we identified hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1, also referred to as CLP-1), the inhibitory component of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex, as a pivotal regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration. Hexim1-haplodeficient muscles exhibited greater mass and preserved function compared with those of WT muscles after injury, as a result of enhanced expansion of satellite cells. Transplanted Hexim1-haplodeficient satellite cells expanded and improved muscle regeneration more effectively than WT satellite cells. Conversely, HEXIM1 overexpression restrained satellite cell proliferation and impeded muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, dissociation of HEXIM1 from P-TEFb and subsequent activation of P-TEFb are required for satellite cell proliferation and the prevention of early myogenic differentiation. These findings suggest a crucial role for the HEXIM1/P-TEFb pathway in the regulation of satellite cell–mediated muscle regeneration and identify HEXIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for degenerative muscular diseases.
Protection of Ischemic Cat Myocardium By CGS-13080, a Selective Potent Thromboxane A2 Synthesis Inhibitor (1983)

A specific inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthesis, CGS-13080, was studied during acute myocardial ischemia (MI) in cats. To define more clearly the mechanism of action of CGS-13080, we also studied it effects on isolated cat coronary arteries, in vitro aggregation of cat platelets, and production of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) from cat platelet-rich plasma (PRP). MI cats that received the vehicle for CGS-13080 exhibited a significant increase in plasma concentration of TxB2. This was accompanied by increases in the ST segment of the electrocardiogram, specific activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK), and loss of CK activity and amino-nitrogen from the ischemic myocardium. In contrast, TxB2 concentrations, plasma and tissue CK activities, and myocardial amino-nitrogen concentration of MI cats treated with CGS-13080 were not significantly different from those in sham MI cats that had received the drug. In vitro, CGS-13080 did not inhibit contraction of cat coronary arteries produced by a stable TxA2 analog and did not inhibit aggregation of cat PRP indiced by arachidonic acid (AA). However, production of TxB2 by cat platelets treated with AA was completely inhibited by this agent. Thus, specific inhibition of TxA2 synthesis without thromboxane receptor antagonism can exert a protective effect on the myocardium during ischemia in cats.
The Effects of Mud-Filtrate Invasion on the Interpretation of Induction Logs (1988)

Summary A rigorous model of mud-filtrate invasion has been developed with a numerical fluid-flow simulator. This model is used to investigate the effects of certain fluid-flow properties on the invasion process. The model also has the capability to calculate the resistivities that would be measured by deep and medium induction logs. The resistivity measured by the two logs is shown to vary with time, and the difference between the resistivities measured by the two logs is indicative of the amount of invasion that has occurred. This study indicates that multiple logging runs over an interval could be used to evaluate the fluid-flow characteristics of a formation.
Plasmid-Encoded AmpC (pAmpC) in Enterobacteriaceae: epidemiology of microorganisms and resistance markers. (2013)

CMY-2 Β-lactamase is an important cause of Β-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and constitutes the most widespread pAmpC. Although CMY-2 has been previously recognized in our region, the real prevalence and epidemiology of this resistance marker was uncertain. During August-October 2009, we conducted a multicenter, prospective study to determine pAmpC prevalence and to characterize CMY-2 producing Escherichia coli associated plasmids. Plasmid-encoded AmpC prevalence was 0.9 % in enterobacteria in this period, being CMY-2 prevalent and to a lesser extent DHA. Molecular typing of CMY-2- producing Escherichia coli isolates showed several lineages. Moreover, replicon typing of cmy-2- containing plasmids displayed a broad diversity in Inc/cmy-2 links. Therefore, association of cmy-2 with specific transposon elements may be responsible for the spread of this resistance marker in Enterobacteriaceae.
CO2 Gasification of Sugarcane Bagasse Char: Consideration of Pyrolysis Temperature, Silicon and Aluminum Contents, and Potassium Addition for Recirculation of Char (2020)

In sugarcane bagasse gasification, char recirculation to the gasifier improves the syngas quality and process efficiency. To determine the effect of char properties on the reaction kinetics, in this work, the pregasification pyrolysis temperature, particle size, and catalyst (potassium) loading were varied. Char samples were prepared at 750–900 °C via pyrolysis and gasified isothermally in a thermogravimetric analysis unit at 850 °C with CO2, and gasification data were modeled using the random pore and extended random pore models. Increasing pyrolysis temperatures did not affect the char morphology and surface composition but did reduce the surface area, as determined by N2 adsorption, decreasing initial gasification rates, and the overall fitted rate constants. Reduction of the particle size via ball milling decreased the time required for complete conversion and changed the shape of the rate versus conversion curves from monotonically decreasing to concave down. The char sample prepared via pyrolysis at 900 °C was an exception, having a maximum rate at ∼10% conversion without ball milling. After ball milling of the char sample prepared at 750 °C, there was an accumulation of ash (Al and Si) on the surface of the particles and a reduction in the surface area, consistent with the ash blocking pores—the porosity in these samples increased during the initial stages (up to ∼20% conversion) of gasification. The gasification behavior was generally well modeled by the extended random pore model. Although the addition of KOH (K/Al mass ratio ∼ 0.2–1.25) enhanced the gasification rates, too much K—from the addition of KOH or after 90% conversion—created mass-transfer limitations resulting in lower gasification rates.
Lamotrigine pharmacokinetics following oral and stable‐labeled intravenous administration in young and elderly adult epilepsy patients: Effect of age (2018)

Although LTG bioavailability was not affected by age, LTG clearance was 27.2% lower in elderly versus young patients of comparable body weight, possibly indicating lower dosages being needed in this population.
Closing the Gap: CPU and FPGA Trends in Sustainable Floating-Point BLAS Performance (2004)

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have long been an attractive alternative to microprocessors for computing tasks - as long as floating-point arithmetic is not required. Fueled by the advance of Moore's law, FPGAs are rapidly reaching sufficient densities to enhance peak floating-point performance as well. The question, however, is how much of this peak performance can be sustained. This paper examines three of the basic linear algebra subroutine (BLAS) functions: vector dot product, matrix-vector multiply, and matrix multiply. A comparison of microprocessors, FPGAs, and reconfigurable computing platforms is performed for each operation. The analysis highlights the amount of memory bandwidth and internal storage needed to sustain peak performance with FPGAs. This analysis considers the historical context of the last six years and is extrapolated for the next six years.
Identification des sources acoustiques dans un tuyau corrugué sous écoulement (2022)

International audience
Multilateration system development history and performance at Dallas/Ft. Worth Airport (2002)

The long search for a method to provide accurate secondary radar beacon surveillance with aircraft ID over the whole airport surface has succeeded, using the Mode S squitter and whisper shout technologies to provide signal sources on which to make multilateration position measurements. The resulting multilateration system will greatly improve the situational awareness of the ground controllers, and provide inputs to automation functions, providing improvements in airport safety and capacity.
Axis 2 rf Observations [Slides] (2020)

The slides discuss the 2020 review of the Axis 2 rf observations.
Network Dimensioning for MPEG-2 Video Communications Using ATM (2011)

This chapter discusses various issues related to the shaping of Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video for generating constrained or controlled variable bit rate (VBR) data streams. MPEG-2 defines a set of standards for coding and compression of digital video. VBR video can offer constant picture quality without incorporating too much processing overhead in the network or transmission system’s architecture. In addition, they can offer substantial (20% to 50%) savings in both storage and transmission bandwidth requirements compared to constant bit rate (CBR) video. Either source coding or encoder’s output shaping or a combination of both can be used for adapting the MPEG-2 video streams for transmission over real-time VBR (rt-VBR)-type asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) channel.
Rye as an Energy Cover Crop: Management, Forage Quality, and Revenue Opportunities for Feed and Bioenergy (2022)

Harvesting a winter rye energy cover crop (Secale cereale L.) could help sustain growing food and energy demand, provide new revenue streams, and enhance ecosystem services without inducing land-use change. A two-year field experiment with three planting methods and three N fertilization rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1) that produced &gt;5.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 of biomass was evaluated for (1) fresh and anaerobically digested rye forage quality; (2) revenue potential from renewable bioenergy, carbon markets, and digestate feed protein; and (3) potential greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets. We showed that rye can be harvested as forage for animals or anaerobically digested to produce renewable natural gas (RNG), with the residue after digestion (digestate) still available as a feed protein concentrate. Anaerobically digesting rye improved forage quality indicators. Digestion significantly decreased acid- and neutral-detergent fiber (ADF and NDF) by 5.2% and 17.8%, respectively, while significantly increasing crude protein (CP) (33.6%), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (2.0%), relative feed value (RFV) (23.6%), net energy for lactation (8.3%), maintenance (7.5%), and gain (20.0%). Using market prices for RNG, high protein feed, and GHG mitigation, potential on-farm revenue ranged from USD 307 Mg−1 and USD 502 Mg−1 dry matter with an average of USD 402 Mg−1. However, there are substantial costs associated with RNG and the revenue potential does not represent the profitability of this system. Evaluation of the integrated system showed GHG emissions associated with rye fertilization were more than offset by the benefits of increasing yield in the 60 kg N ha−1 treatment. The overall carbon footprint of the integrated system was strongly carbon negative, confirming the potential of this strategy to sustainably intensify land use in the Midwestern United States.