gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Model Thinking to Process Design (2013)

Abstract The introduction of computational design processes and particularly of computer‐aided fabrication methods recast roles across the design team. As Jan Knippers , founding partner of Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering and Head of the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) at the University of Stuttgart explains, it offers structural engineers a unique opportunity: the potential to break through the barriers of conventional model thinking (thinking in discrete typologies) and to embrace process design and new forms of interaction.
WatchdogLite (2014)

Lack of memory safety in C is the root cause of a multitude of serious bugs and security vulnerabilities. Numerous software-only and hardware-based schemes have been proposed to enforce memory safety. Among these approaches, pointer-based checking, which maintains per-pointer metadata in a disjoint metadata space, has been recognized as providing comprehensive memory safety. Software approaches for pointer-based checking have high performance overheads. In contrast, hardware approaches introduce a myriad of hardware structures and widgets to mitigate those performance overheads.
A Hybrid Mechanism of Action for BCL6 in B Cells Defined by Formation of Functionally Distinct Complexes at Enhancers and Promoters (2013)

The BCL6 transcriptional repressor is required for the development of germinal center (GC) B cells and diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Although BCL6 can recruit multiple corepressors, its transcriptional repression mechanism of action in normal and malignant B cells is unknown. We find that in B cells, BCL6 mostly functions through two independent mechanisms that are collectively essential to GC formation and DLBCL, both mediated through its N-terminal BTB domain. These are (1) the formation of a unique ternary BCOR-SMRT complex at promoters, with each corepressor binding to symmetrical sites on BCL6 homodimers linked to specific epigenetic chromatin features, and (2) the "toggling" of active enhancers to a poised but not erased conformation through SMRT-dependent H3K27 deacetylation, which is mediated by HDAC3 and opposed by p300 histone acetyltransferase. Dynamic toggling of enhancers provides a basis for B cells to undergo rapid transcriptional and phenotypic changes in response to signaling or environmental cues.
P4Well concept to empower self-management of psychophysiological wellbeing and load recovery (2009)

Chronic health problems related to mental wellbeing are rapidly growing, calling for novel solutions focusing on individual as a psychophysiological being. We describe a novel technology-based concept for empowering citizen towards holistic self-management of her wellbeing: “P4Well” (Pervasive Perso
Crystal clear insights into how the dynein motor moves (2013)

Dyneins are motor proteins that move along microtubules. They have many roles in the cell. They drive the beating of cilia and flagella, move cargos in the cytoplasm and function in the mitotic spindle. Dyneins are large and complex protein machines. Until recently, the way they move was poorly understood. In 2012, two high-resolution crystal structures of the >2500-amino-acid dynein motor domain were published. This Commentary will compare these structures and integrate the findings with other recent studies in order to suggest how dynein works. The dynein motor produces movement in a manner that is distinct from myosin and kinesin, the other cytoskeletal motors. Its powerstroke is produced by ATP-induced remodelling of a protein domain known as the linker. It binds to microtubules through a small domain at the tip of a long stalk. Dynein communicates with the microtubule-binding domain by an unconventional sliding movement of the helices in the stalk coiled-coil. Even the way the two motor domains in a dynein dimer walk processively along the microtubule is unusual.
Dynamic amplifiers in c.m.o.s. technology (1979)

A biasing scheme for dynamic amplifiers is proposed and several dynamic amplifiers are described. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of dynamic amplifiers are briefly discussed and some experimental results are presented.
Kilovoltage radiotherapy for companion animals: dosimetric comparison of 300 kV, 450 kV, and 6 MV X-ray beams (2018)

Radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer in companion animals is currently administered by using megavoltage X-ray machines. Because these machines are expensive, most animal hospitals do not perform radiotherapy. This study evaluated the ability of relatively inexpensive kilovoltage X-ray machines to treat companion animals. A simulation study based on a commercial treatment-planning system was performed for tumors of the brain (non-infectious meningoencephalitis), nasal cavity (malignant nasal tumors), forefoot (malignant muscular tumors), and abdomen (malignant intestinal tumors). The results of kilovoltage (300 kV and 450 kV) and megavoltage (6 MV) X-ray beams were compared. Whereas the 300 kV and 6 MV X-ray beams provided optimal radiation dose homogeneity and conformity, respectively, for brain tumors, the 6 MV X-rays provided optimal homogeneity and radiation conformity for nasal cavity, forefoot, and abdominal tumors. Although megavoltage X-ray beams provided better radiation dose distribution in most treated animals, the differences between megavoltage and kilovoltage X-ray beams were relatively small. The similar therapeutic effects of the kilovoltage and 6 MV X-ray beams suggest that kilovoltage X-ray beams may be effective alternatives to megavoltage X-ray beams in treating cancers in companion animals.
Behavior of double stimuli-responsive copolymer of N-(3-(diethylamino) propyl)-N-methylacrylamide and N,N–diethylacrylamide in aqueous solutions (2017)

Double stimuli-responsive copolymer of N-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide and N,N-diethylacrylamide (molar mass M ≈ 32,000 g mol−1) in buffer solutions was studied by the static and dynamic light scattering and turbidimetry. The experiments were performed within pH interval from 7 to 13 and in a wide concentration range. Two types of scattering species were observed in solutions of all concentrations and pH at room temperatures. They were macromolecular unimers and loose aggregates. The increase in concentration and pH led to decrease in phase separation temperatures and width of phase transition.
Characterization of Fluid Drainage Mechanism at Core and Pore Scales: an NMR Capillary Pressure–Based Saturation Exponent Prediction (2021)

Abstract Capillary pressure (Pc) and electrical resistivity index (RI) curves are used in many reservoir engineering applications. Drainage capillary pressure curve represents a scenario where a non-wetting phase displaces a wetting phase such as (i) during gas injection (ii) gas storage in reservoirs (e.g. aquifer or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs). The gas used for injection is typically natural gas, N2, or CO2. Gas storage principally used to meet requirement variations, and water injection into oil-wet reservoirs are drainage processes. Resistivity index (RI) curve which is used to evaluate the potential of oil recovery from a reservoir, is also an important tool used in log calibration and reservoir fluid typing. The pore drainage mechanism in a multimodal pore system is important for effective recovery of hydrocarbon reserves; enhance oil recovery (EOR) planning and underground gas storage. The understanding of pore structure and drainage mechanism within a multimodal pore system during petrophysical analysis is of paramount importance to reservoir engineers. Therefore, it becomes inherent to study and establish a way to relate these special core analyses laboratory (SCAL) methods with quick measurements such as the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to reduce the time requirement for analysis. This research employed the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to estimate saturation exponent (n) of rocks using nitrogen as the displacing fluid. Different rock types were used in this study that cover carbonates, sandstones, and dolomites. We developed an analytical workflow to separate the capillary pressure curve into capillary pressure curve for macropores and a capillary pressure curve for the micropores, and then used these pore scale Pc curves to estimate an NMR - capillary pressure - based electrical resistivity index - saturation (NMR-RI-Sw) curve for the rocks. We predicted the saturation exponent (n) for the rock samples from the NMR-RI-Sw curve. The NMR-based saturation exponent estimation method requires the transverse (T2) relaxation distribution of the rock - fluid system at various saturations. To verify the reliability of the new workflow, we performed porous plate capillary pressure and electrical resistivity measurements on the rock samples. The reliability of the results for the resistivity index curve and the saturation exponent was verified using the experimental data obtained from the SCAL method. The pore scale Pc curve was used to ascertain the drainage pattern and fluid contribution of the different pore subsystems. For bimodal rock system, the drainage mechanism can be in series, in parallel, or in series - parallel depending on the rock pore structure.
Formation of hexaarylbiimidazole heterodimers via the cross recombination of two lophyl radicals (2009)

The formation of hexaarylbiimidazole heterodimers has been investigated in detail by X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
The Challenges and Opportunities of FPSO Relocations (2012)

Abstract The first FPSO relocation project was completed 18 years ago (SBM's FPSO II), and since that time there has been a steady rise in the number and complexityof relocation projects being executed. Existing FPSO's are now being relocatedto fields with heavier oil, higher CO2 and H2S content, and increased waterdepths. More than 20 existing FPSO's are expected to become candidates forrelocation over the next 5 years, increasing the importance of this type ofproject to the industry. This paper will examine the key technical issues to be considered in relocatingan FPSO, drawing particularly on the experience of two recent SBM Offshoreprojects in Brazil - the relocation of the FPSO Capixaba to the Cachalotefield, and the relocation of the FPSO Espadarte to the Baleia Azul field. The paper will address the implications and applicability of changes in Rulesand Standards, possible approaches to the survey and assessment of assetintegrity prior to relocation (hull, topside and mooring), and the scope ofdesign modifications that may result from changes in reservoir data. The keysuccess factors in the project management and execution of relocation projectscompared to a traditional FPSO conversion will also be discussed. The paper aims to give feedback on issues and solutions, and to identify thekey factors that need to be addressed for the successful relocation ofFPSO's. Introduction Since the early days of the FPSO industry, the possibility to relocate a unitafter its initial contract has been regarded as one of the advantages of thistype of production system. The industry's second ever FPSO, SBM's FPSO II, wasthe first unit to be relocated after an initial 11 year deployment, and thisFPSO was subsequently relocated a further two times. The possibility to relocate an FPSO allows operators and contractors to assumea residual value for the unit at the end of the initial deployment, avoidingthe need to amortize the full cost of the unit over the initial lease period. This characteristic allows FPSO's to be offered at competitive rates forrelatively short lease periods, providing a viable solution for marginal fieldsand early production systems. Exploiting the flexibility of FPSO's, the industry has seen a number of unitsbeing relocated after completion of their initial contract. The complexity ofthese relocations has varied depending on such factors as the flexibility ofthe initial design, the production requirements and metocean conditions at thenew field, and changes in regulatory requirements between the twodeployments. Over the last 3 years, the industry has seen 7 FPSOs relocation projects, including SBM's Capixaba and Espadarte FPSOs, and the continuing growth of theindustry suggests that the trend for relocations will continue. The presentworld fleet of FPSO's comprises approximately 150 units [ref 1[, of which over20 are possible candidates for relocation during the next 5 years.
Characterization of the PLP‐dependent aminotransferase NikK from Streptomyces tendae and its putative role in nikkomycin biosynthesis (2011)

As inhibitors of chitin synthase, nikkomycins have attracted interest as potential antibiotics. The biosynthetic pathway to these peptide nucleosides in Streptomyces tendae is only partially known. In order to elucidate the last step of the biosynthesis of the aminohexuronic building block, we have heterologously expressed a predicted aminotransferase encoded by the gene nikK from S. tendae in Escherichia coli. The purified protein, which is essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis, has a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor bound as a Schiff base to lysine 221. The enzyme possesses aminotransferase activity and uses several standard amino acids as amino group donors with a preference for glutamate (Glu > Phe > Trp > Ala > His > Met > Leu). Therefore, we propose that NikK catalyses the introduction of the amino group into the ketohexuronic acid precursor of nikkomycins. At neutral pH, the UV-visible absorbance spectrum of NikK has two absorbance maxima at 357 and 425 nm indicative of the presence of the deprotonated and protonated aldimine with an estimated pK(a) of 8.3. The rate of donor substrate deamination is faster at higher pH, indicating that an alkaline environment favours the deamination reaction.
Characteristics of wood meals by laccase delignification (2003)

On nitrobenzene oxidation of aspen, spruce, and knauf wood meals gave rise to vanilline, syrigaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoaldehyde, vanillic acid, and other minor oxidation products. The phenolic aldehydes (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanilline, and syringaldehyde) are derived from oxidative degradation of the corresponding 4-hydroxyphenylpropane units and their ethers. The lignin content of knauf wood meals was different as the concentration of NaOH solution and cooking temperature. The lignin contents of aspen, spruce, and knauf wood meals were decreased as laccase treatment. The laccase caused C-oxidation, demethylation, cleavage in phenolic groups and C-C cleavage in syrigyl structures.
Status of the PolLux STXM Beamline. (2018)

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Reactive Ion Etching of BiSrCaCuO Superconducting Thin Films using Ethane and Oxygen (1994)

Reactive ion etching (RIE) of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x superconducting thin films was performed using ethane and oxygen. As for the etched surface morphology, no degradation was observed as compared with that before etching. The zero resistivity temperature for the samples etched by RIE was the same as that of the as-grown sample. Another feature of this etching was a maximum selectivity of 50 against MgO substrates.
Measurements of turbine blade temperature in an operating aero engine using thermographic phosphors (2019)

Abstract A diagnostic method is introduced for non-contact temperature measurements on the surface of a rotating turbine blade in an operating engine using laser-induced excitation of thermographic phosphor coatings on the blades. Temperature measurements of between 513 °C and 767 °C are demonstrated on a pair of moving turbine blades with a fiber optic probe mounted in the engine at rotational speeds of between 28 000 and 32 750 RPM. The method involves measuring the decay times of laser-induced luminescence from two thermographic phosphors applied to thermal barrier coatings on the turbine blades, one with a short, temperature-sensitive, decay time and the other with a longer, less temperature-sensitive decay time. The phosphors are excited by laser pulses at a wavelength of 355 nm and luminescence is collected at 456 nm from one phosphor and at 485 nm from the other. The effects of motion on the temperature determination are removed by using a ratio of luminescence intensities of the two phosphors. Potential interferences from chemiluminescence, particles, hot surfaces, and reflections within the engine are avoided by limiting the detection to a narrow spectral window around the luminescence wavelengths. The data exhibit high signal-to-noise ratios and the measured temperatures are within the expected range for this engine.
Virtual monotonic counters and count-limited objects using a TPM without a trusted OS (2006)

A trusted monotonic counter is a valuable primitive that enables a wide variety of highly scalable offline and decentralized applications that would otherwise be prone to replay attacks, including offline payment, e-wallets, virtual trusted storage, and digital rights management (DRM). In this paper, we show how one can implement a very large number of virtual monotonic counters on an untrusted machine with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) or similar device, without relying on a trusted OS. We first present a log-based scheme that can be implemented with the current version of the TPM (1.2) and used in certain applications. We then show how the addition of a few simple features to the TPM makes it possible to implement a hash-tree-based scheme that not only offers improved performance and scalability compared to the log-based scheme, but also makes it possible to implement count-limited objects (or ``clobs'' for short) -- i.e., encrypted keys, data, and other objects that can only be used when an associated virtual monotonic counter is within a certain range. Such count-limited objects include n-time use keys, n-out-of-m data blobs, n-copy migratable objects, and other variants, which have many potential uses in digital rights management (DRM), digital cash, itinerant computing, and other application areas.
Role of contacts in graphene transistors: A scanning photocurrent study (2009)

A near-field scanning optical microscope is used to locally induce photocurrent in a graphene transistor with high spatial resolution. By analyzing the spatially resolved photoresponse, we find that in the $n$-type conduction regime a $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ structure forms along the graphene device due to the doping of the graphene by the metal contacts. The modification of the electronic structure is not limited only underneath the metal electrodes but extends $0.2--0.3\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ into the graphene channel. The asymmetric conduction behavior of electrons and holes that is commonly observed in graphene transistors is discussed in light of the potential profiles obtained from this photocurrent-imaging approach. Furthermore, we show that photocurrent imaging can be used to probe single-layer/multilayer graphene interfaces.
<title>Theory and application of coating tolerant thermography</title> (1998)

Thermal methods have been recognized above other NDI methods for rapid inspection of large structures. Thermal methods are safe, convenient and relatively inexpensive. Coating tolerant thermography is specifically designed to meet the demands of more challenging field conditions.The technique's ability to differentiate between chipped paint and structural flaws is essential to field performance. However, equally important is the packaging of the system. The system must be lightweight, safe and inexpensive to maintain. This technique utilizes thousands of watts of radiant energy emanating from a hand held system. Inefficiencies in the projection optics can result in heating of the system itself, which then would necessitate significant cooling. This paper describes a unique projection system that can efficiently convert the energy emitted by an inexpensive incandescent line source into several projected stirpes for coating tolerant thermography.
Detailed placement with net length constraints (2004)

Increasing demands created by Systems-On-Chip (SOC) and process advances have increased the difficulty of timing driven placement. The primary issue in SOC is timing closure. This requires us to look at timing at all design levels, especially placement. Recently, several promising approaches for timing-driven placement have been presented using net length constraints for timing optimization (Alpert et al., 2001). A Net Length Constraint (NLC) is an upper limit on a net's length. These net-constrained global placement techniques give excellent timing results by meeting NLCs on timing-critical nets. These works focused only on global NLC placement. Detailed placement and legalization are important steps in the placement flow. Current algorithms, which are not NLC aware, give back the gains from global NLC placement. The contributions of this paper are a new NLC global placement rebalancing method and two detailed placement algorithms that work in conjunction with the recursive bisection net-constrained global placer (Alpert et al., 2001). The first detailed placer uses grid-based placement and transportation solving to assign instances to the grid. The second detailed placer uses simulated annealing to optimize placement for NLC. On benchmark circuits from MCNC and Intel Corporation, the grid and simulated annealing placers are able to achieve placements which exceed constraints by, on average only, 2.7% and 1.9%, respectively.
Effect of Pulsed-Field and Radiofrequency Ablation on Heterogeneous Ventricular Scar in a Swine Model of Healed Myocardial Infarction (2022)

PFA may be advantageous for ablation in ventricular scar, producing lesions that unlike RFA are not limited to the subendocardium, but also eliminate viable myocardium separated from the catheter by collagen and fat.
Adaptively Secure Constrained Pseudorandom Functions in the Standard Model. (2020)

Constrained pseudorandom functions (CPRFs) allow learning “constrained” PRF keys that can evaluate the PRF on a subset of the input space, or based on some predicate. First introduced by Boneh and Waters [AC’13], Kiayias et al. [CCS’13] and Boyle et al. [PKC’14], they have shown to be a useful cryptographic primitive with many applications. These applications often require CPRFs to be adaptively secure, which allows the adversary to learn PRF values and constrained keys in an arbitrary order. However, there is no known construction of adaptively secure CPRFs based on a standard assumption in the standard model for any non-trivial class of predicates. Moreover, even if we rely on strong tools such as indistinguishability obfuscation (IO), the state-of-the-art construction of adaptively secure CPRFs in the standard model only supports the limited class of \(\mathbf{NC} ^1\) predicates.
Stepwise Luneburg Lens for Bloch Surface Waves (2018)

In order to enlarge the capability for in-plane manipulation of the Bloch surface wave (BSW), we investigate 2D gradient index (GRIN) optical components using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical method. To ease difficulties in fabrication to acquire a continuous index profile of GRIN optical components, we propose a stepwise index profile. For 2D surface wave devices, such discrete index steps can be achieved by stepwise structuring of the top layer, also called the device layer. For the demonstration of the stepwise GRIN optics concept, we consider a Luneburg lens, which is a good example of the GRIN optical component that produces a strong focal spot on the shadow-side curvature of the lens. The limited index contrast of the BSW systems loosens the confinement of the focal spot. A mitigation plan is to elongate the circular geometry to the prolate ellipse. BSW-based Luneburg lenses with a relatively small number of steps and an elliptical geometry are demonstrated with comparable performances to a standard Luneburg lens.