gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of susceptibility of Arabidopsis to downy mildew infection (2008)

The mechanisms by which host plants contribute to their colonization by hemibiotrophic and biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens is a poorly understand aspect of molecular plant pathology. The aim of this study was to identify Arabidopsis genes controlling cellular processes that influence susceptibility to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Chapter 2 describes a forward genetic approach to identify Arabidopsis mutants that show loss of compatibility to H. parasitica. Six of these so called downy mildew resistant (dmr) mutants were characterized in more detail. dmr3 and dmr4 show resistance to a broad range of pathogens whereas dmr1, dmr2, dmr5 and dmr6 show a type of resistance more specific to H. parasitica. Chapter 3 shows that constitutive high expression of defense related genes in the dmr5 mutant contributes to resistance to H. parasitica. Surprisingly, it was found that dmr5 mutants were mutated in RPM1, a resistance gene of the NBS-LRR class that confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae bacteria carrying the avrB or avrRPM1 genes. RPM1 function in dmr5 mutants is largely, but not completely, lost. Genetic data indicate that dmr5 encodes a mild autoactive form of RPM1. Further studies on the mutant RPM1 protein could provide more insight to R protein function. Chapter 4 describes the map based cloning of DMR6 that encodes a putative 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase. DMR6 is strongly induced in infected host cells during both compatible and incompatible interactions with H. parasitica. DMR6 is also highly induced after application of BTH and is constitutively high expressed in broad range disease resistance mutants. Absence of a functional DMR6 gene results in resistance to H. parasitica, that is accompanied with high expression of several defense-related genes including DMR6 itself. Together, the obtained data indicate that DMR6 is a negative regulator of defense. Chapter 5 describes the identification of a group of Arabidopsis genes that is induced during compatible interactions but not during incompatible interactions. Most of these so called compatible-specific genes (CS-genes) are also induced during various abiotic stress conditions such as cold, dehydration, high salt and high light, but also in response to ABA. The activation of CS-genes can either reflect a physiological response on pathogen infection or be triggered by pathogen effector proteins. As the CS-genes are not induced as part of a defense response they provide a first glimpse into non-defense related processes during compatible interactions.
Using concepts from biology to improve problem-solving methods (2011)

Observing nature has been a cornerstone of engineering design. Today, engineers look not only at finished products, but imitate the evolutionary process by which highly optimized artifacts have appeared in nature. Evolutionary computation began by capturing only the simplest ideas of evolution, but today, researchers study natural evolution and incorporate an increasing number of concepts in order to evolve solutions to complex engineering problems. At the new BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, studies in the lab and field and in silico are laying the groundwork for new tools for evolutionary engineering design. This paper, which accompanies a keynote address, describes various steps in development and application of evolutionary computation, particularly as regards sensor design, and sets the stage for future advances.
Dealcoholisation of Cider by Supercritical Extraction with Carbon Dioxide (1997)

A study of cider dealcoholisation by supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide using pilot-plant-scale equipment has been carried out. The effects of pressure, temperature and solvent to feed ratio have been examined. Supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide have been used to extract ethanol and aromas from cider at pressures of 80–250 bar and temperatures of 20 and 40°C.
Circularly polarized photoluminescence from platinum porphyrins in organic hosts: Magnetic field and temperature dependence (2011)

We study the temperature and magnetic field-dependent photoluminescence from the metalorganic molecules octaethyl-porphine platinum (PtOEP) and porphine platinum (PtP) that are doped into organic hosts. We first consider PtOEP in the polymer host poly-dioctylfluorene (PFO), which is characteristic of the phosphorescent dopants and polymers used in organic light-emitting diodes. We observe that the intensity of the PtOEP zero-phonon emission band, which is strongly suppressed at low temperatures to 1.6 K, increases dramatically with applied magnetic field and is accompanied by a marked circular polarization. This “magnetic brightening” effect, similar to that observed in other organic systems such as carbon nanotubes, highlights the interplay between low-energy optically active and optically forbidden excited states of PtOEP, which become mixed in applied magnetic fields. To elucidate these findings, we also investigate (i) dilute PtOEP in n-octane hosts (where emission lines are much sharper), and (ii) dilute PtP in n-octane hosts, for which the emission spectra are simpler and can be directly compared with theory. Detailed electronic structure calculations of PtP were performed, and a model for the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the zero phonon emission lines is developed, which agrees quantitatively with the data for PtP and with the circular polarization of the PtOEP emission.
Plaque sealing and passivation with a mechanical self-expanding low outward force nitinol vShield device for the treatment of IVUS and OCT-derived thin cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs) in native coronary arteries: report of the pilot study vShield Evaluated at Cardiac hospital in Rotterdam for Investigation and Treatment of TCFA (SECRITT) (2012)

High risk plaque passivation and sealing with a vShield self-expanding nitinol device appears feasible and safe. A long-term larger randomised study with streamlined screening criteria is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this approach over medical therapy.
Multiple Yellow Plaques Assessed by Angioscopy With Quantitative Colorimetry in Patients With Myocardial Infarction (2008)

The present study suggests that patients with MI tend to have diffuse atherosclerotic plaque in their coronary arteries.
Plasma physics and radiation hydrodynamics in developing an extreme ultraviolet light source for lithography (2008)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from laser-produced plasma (LPP) has been thoroughly studied for application in mass production of next-generation semiconductor devices. One critical issue for the realization of an LPP-EUV light source for lithography is the conversion efficiency (CE) from incident laser power to EUV radiation of 13.5-nm wavelength (within 2% bandwidth). Another issue is solving the problem of damage caused when debris reaches an EUV collecting mirror. Here, we present an improved power balance model, which can be used for the optimization of laser and target conditions to obtain high CE. An integrated numerical simulation code has been developed for the target design. The code agrees well with experimental results not only for CE but also for detailed EUV spectral structure. We propose a two-pulse irradiation scheme for high CE, and reduced ion debris using a carbon dioxide laser and a droplet or a punch-out target. Using our benchmarked numerical simulation code, we find a possibility to obtain CE up to 6–7%, which is more than twice that achieved to date. We discuss the reduction of ion energy within the two-pulse irradiation scheme. The mitigation of energetic ions by a magnetic field is also discussed, and we conclude that no serious instability occurs due to large ion gyroradius.
Substrate photoluminescence: An aid in the evaluation of pulsed laser evaporation and epitaxial growth of Cd1−xMnxTe epilayers on (111)GaAs (1994)

Photoluminescence (PL) emitted from (111)Cd1−xMnxTe/(111)GaAs:Si heterojunctions produced using pulsed laser evaporation and epitaxy (PLEE) has been studied at 11.5 K. The heterojunctions show PL from the substrate E0 and E0+Δ0 gap regions as well as from the epilayer. The substrate E0+Δ0 signal is particularly sensitive to the epilayer growth temperature and is strongest for samples grown on substrates held at Tg=290 °C. The heterojunction PL also includes a component produced by Si dopant atoms in the substrate that undergo clustering changes as the growth temperature is raised. Through comparison with annealing studies of the substrate, it is argued that the PLEE ablated material possesses sufficient kinetic energy to increase the effective temperature above Tg at the growth surface.
Observation of Surface-Induced Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry inYBa2Cu3O7Tunnel Junctions (1997)

Data from $\mathrm{ab}$-oriented ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}/\mathrm{I}/\mathrm{Cu}$ tunnel junctions are presented. Self-assembled monolayers form the insulating tunnel barrier, I. The ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ features in the tunneling conductance match those of low-leakage $\mathrm{ab}$-oriented ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}/\mathrm{Pb}$ junctions. Results show that the zero-bias conductance peak is an Andreev bound state (ABS) of a $d$-wave order parameter. In zero magnetic field, the ABS splits below $\ensuremath{\sim}7\mathrm{K}$, consistent with the presence of a subdominant order parameter at the surface. An applied magnetic field induces further splitting that grows nonlinearly with increasing field.
Capillary-Driven Transport of Dissolved Salt to the Drying Zone During $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 Injection in Homogeneous and Layered Porous Media (2016)

A major challenge of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ injection into saline aquifers is the risk of formation clogging due to salt precipitation. Capillary-driven flow of brine can provide a continuous transport of dissolved salt toward the dry zone around the injection well where it ultimately precipitates due to evaporation. In this study, core flooding experiments were performed in homogeneous coarse-textured cores and in layered cores consisting of a coarse-textured layer overlying a fine-textured layer. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ was injected through a well in the upper part of the cores, and the bottom parts functioned as brine sources. Impairment in injectivity was found due to accumulation of precipitated salt caused by capillary-driven flow from the brine sources to the upper dryer region. Compared to flow domains without a brine source, we found that capillary-driven upward flow at first prevents complete clogging because the porous medium remains wet, but eventually leads to a more severe clogging of the entire domain. The results show that after sufficient dry-out, a coarse-textured injection layer can draw brine from an underlying fine-textured layer by capillary forces. A connected fine-textured layer can therefore contribute to salt precipitation and clogging of the injection layer.
The lack of significant changes in scalp hair follicle density with advancing age (2005)

Age and follicular miniaturization were found to be extremely weak predictors of total hair count in women with hair loss.
Illustration of second-order design methods: global merit function plots for a class of projection systems (1994)

Recently developed methods [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A11, 3292– 3307 ( 1994)] permit definitive studies of two-mirror systems for a variety of applications. As an illustration of such a study, unobstructed, telecentric, plane-symmetric systems of two conic mirrors that are intended for distortion-free projection are investigated here. The magnification, speed, and field size in the examples are arbitrarily chosen to correspond to values that are appropriate for full-field soft-x-ray projection lithography. Low-order imaging constraints are applied to eliminate most of the 13 parameters that specify the configuration of such a system. It is shown that there are just two three-parameter families of systems and a single four-parameter family. The associated three-and four-dimensional merit function spaces are mapped, and selected systems from various regions of the spaces are discussed.
Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals by Photo-oriented Layers (2000)

Abstract In the present work the optical anisotropy of various azodyes used as orienting layers for liquid crystals (LC) was investigated. The anisotropy was induced by linearly polarised light. It was experimentally shown that the orientation by photo-oriented layers is in some cases better than the one obtained by routine rubbing. The dyes investigated were either introduced into polymer films or used as single substances. It was shown that the value of pretilt angle depends on various factors but mainly on the nature and the treatment of the orienting layers. Angles from 0 up to 7° were obtained. The value of the angle can be imposed by the proper choice of the film-preparation process.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Pilot Study of Outcomes for Digital Nerve Repair in the Hand Using Hollow Conduit Compared With Processed Allograft Nerve (2016)

In this pilot study, patients whose digital nerve reconstructions were performed with processed nerve allografts had significantly improved and more consistent functional sensory outcomes compared with hollow conduits.
Electronic Surveillance and the Right of Privacy (1966)

This procedure was followed in Silverman v. United States, 365 U.S. 505 (1961).'DASH, op.cit.supra note 2, at 316-17.'N.B.C. special report, supra note 3.According to the report, eavesdropping in the Southern California area has become so widespread that some attorneys hire experts to search for "bugs" once every month.'DASH, op.Cit.supra note 2, at 346-58.However, such equipment would be bulky and very expensive.'Eavesdropping is not a new problem.
Allelopathy (2021)

Five allelopathic plants found in range environments are discussed. Knapweeds produce both sesquiterpene lactones and polyacetylenes, some of which have been shown to be phytotoxic. Broom snakeweed has been reported to be phytotoxic; however, its agressive behaviour may be attributed to competition for water rather than liberation of allelo-chemicals into the environment. The creosote bush produces copious quantities of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) which has been demonstrated to have an adverse effect on many plants. Likewise, Canada thistle has been reported to be allelopathic; however, the chemicals involved have not been isolated or identified. The interaction of small everlasting with leafy spurge has been extensively investigated. Small everlasting produces hydroquinone which is toxic to leafy spurge. Hydroquinone’s differential toxicity toward leafy spurge and small everlasting has been ascribed to the “ability” of small everlasting to transform hydroquinone to arbutin more efficiently than leafy spurge. The future of allelopathy for managing range plants is discussed.
A Tool for Automatic Index Selection in Database Management Systems (2014)

A task commonly undertaken by database administrators to speed up the performance of commands submitted to a DBMS is the selection of indexes for the tables. This paper introduces the concept of how to use the Database Management System (DBMS) Optimizer to select their own indexes. We introduce a heuristic to guide the index selection process, which is implemented by a tool called AISIO that runs integrated to the DBMS. Our tool captures Structured Query Language (SQL) statements submitted to the DBMS, analyzes them and, based on the implemented heuristic and on the DBMS Optimizer statistics, recommends which indexes could potentially optimize the performance of those transactions. The tool also provides a measure of the performance gains obtained from the use of the recommended indexes. To illustrate our tool, we integrate it to the PostgreSQL DBMS and experimental results are presented to evidence our contributions.
Multiple MicroRNAs synergistically promote tolerance to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted drugs in smoked lung cancer therapies (2019)

The research will provide evidence that promotes novel therapy of lung cancers.
T Cell Activation Pathways: B7, LFA-3, and ICAM-1 Shape Unique T Cell Profiles (2017)

Two signals are required for induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production in resting T cells. Occupancy of the T cell receptor by antigen/MHC complexes delivers the first signal to the T cell, while the second signal is provided by interaction with costimulatory ligands on APC. CD2, LFA-1, and CD28 are the major costimulatory and adhesive molecules on T cells and bind to the LFA-3, ICAM-1 and B7 ligands, respectively, on APC. LFA-3 plays a central role for naive and memory T helper cells during the early phase of an immune response. The LFA-3/CD2 pathway initiates strong antigen-independent cell adhesion, substantial expansion of naive T helper cells, and induction of large amounts of IFN-γ in memory cells. The release of IFN-γ may upregulate expression of ICAM-1 and B7 on APC and allows multiple adhesion pathways to amplify the immune response. The LFA- 1/ICAM-l pathway stimulates adhesion and cell proliferation more efficiently in memory T helper cells than in naive cells. Further, the results suggest that naive T helper cells express functionally inactive LFA-1 molecules on the cell surface, which may have a physiological role in keeping these cells in a resting state. B7 costimulation superinduces IL-2 production in both naive and memory T helper cells and generates long-lasting cell proliferation. This permits transition from an autocrine to a paracrine immune response. Coexpression of B7/LFA-3 provides an optimal APC function and enables a vigorous T cell response to minute amounts of antigen. AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factors are involved in the induction of several cytokine gene promoters and play a central role in the regulation of IL-2 gene transcription. LFA-3 costimulation only moderately enhances AP-1 DNA-binding activity and does not influence the NF-κB activity induced by TCR engagement, whereas B7 costimulation induces large amounts of NF-κB and AP-1 activity in T helper cells. The costimulatory ligands represent a family of adhesion molecules with considerable redundancy. Interfamily redundancy of LFA-3, B7, and ICAM ligands offers an opportunity to regulate distinct T cell response profiles in various microenvironments at separate time points of an immune response.
Optically powered optical interconnection system (1989)

A wavelength-multiplexed optical interconnection system in which the electrical power is provided by an optical source is discussed. The optical power and data signals, operating at two different wavelengths, are multiplexed onto a single fiber at the local terminal, and demultiplexed at a remote terminal. The optical power is then converted to electrical power by an array of photovoltaic cells, providing bias control to a data-detection circuit. The system operates at 45 Mb/s, the remote receiver dissipates 2.6 mW, and there is negligible optical crosstalk between the power and data channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Parallel Multiclassification Algorithm for Big Data Using an Extreme Learning Machine (2018)

As data sets become larger and more complicated, an extreme learning machine (ELM) that runs in a traditional serial environment cannot realize its ability to be fast and effective. Although a parallel ELM (PELM) based on MapReduce to process large-scale data shows more efficient learning speed than identical ELM algorithms in a serial environment, some operations, such as intermediate results stored on disks and multiple copies for each task, are indispensable, and these operations create a large amount of extra overhead and degrade the learning speed and efficiency of the PELMs. In this paper, an efficient ELM based on the Spark framework (SELM), which includes three parallel subalgorithms, is proposed for big data classification. By partitioning the corresponding data sets reasonably, the hidden layer output matrix calculation algorithm, matrix decomposition algorithm, and matrix decomposition algorithm perform most of the computations locally. At the same time, they retain the intermediate results in distributed memory and cache the diagonal matrix as broadcast variables instead of several copies for each task to reduce a large amount of the costs, and these actions strengthen the learning ability of the SELM. Finally, we implement our SELM algorithm to classify large data sets. Extensive experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. As shown, our SELM achieves an speedup on a cluster with ten nodes, and reaches a speedup with 15 nodes, an speedup with 20 nodes, a speedup with 25 nodes, a speedup with 30 nodes, and a speedup with 35 nodes.
Meningitis por listeria monocytogenes en paciente con LES (2008)

El Lupus Eritematoso Sistemico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune
de gran complejidad dada su diversidad de patrones de expresion. Puede
afectar a cualquier organo, se manifiesta en brotes, con unos periodos de
actividad y otros de remision de la enfermedad. Afecta a personas jovenes
especialmente al sexo femenino.
Debido a su caracter multisistemico y la variabilidad de sintomas que
pueden presentar se requiere un minucioso estudio diagnostico y un tratamiento
adecuado a la gravedad del cuadro en cada momento.
Las manifestaciones neuropsiquiatricas en el LES son frecuentes. La incidencia
real es diferente segun las series (46%-91%)1 debido a su gran diversidad,
variabilidad de su severidad y duracion. En 1999, el American Collage of
Rheumatology (ACR) a traves de un comite de expertos propuso una serie de
definiciones de las diferentes manifestaciones neuropsiquiatricas del LES
(http://www.rheumatology.org/ar/ar. html). Inicialmente se clasifican en
neurologicas y psiquiatricas; las primeras en centrales y perifericas2. La fiebre
suele encontrarse en el 80%-90% de los pacientes con LES en algun
momento de su evolucion. Ante la aparicion de fiebre y clinica neurologica en
un paciente con LES, nos vemos obligados a realizar un diagnostico diferencial
que esta principalmente entre la presencia de una infeccion o de un brote
de la enfermedad.
C/EBPbeta contributes to patient prognosis and survival of Wilms tumor cells (2004)

1162 We have previously identified a gene expression signature that predicts relapse of Wilms tumor with high accuracy. C/EBPbeta, one of the few prognostic genes in the signature, is expressed at higher levels in primary relapsing tumors and metastatic tumors than in primary non-relapsing tumors as shown by transcript profiling and immunohistochemical staining. Our observations, together with its up-regulation/hyper-activation in a number of other human cancers and its role as a critical component in a Ras-dependent transformation pathway, suggest that C/EBPbeta may play an important role in Wilms tumor progression. Using siRNA approach, we knockdowned C/EBPbeta expression in Wit49 cells, a cell line derived from a metastatic Wilms tumor, and observed a concomitant increase in spontaneous apoptosis. Caspase assay was performed to distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and to assess the caspase inhibitory effect of C/EBPbeta in Wit49 cells. In addition, to determine whether the transcription regulatory function of C/EBPbeta is important for Wilms tumor cell survival, we searched for its downstream target genes. cDNA microarrays were used to examine the gene expression differences between Wit49 cells treated with C/EBPbeta and control siRNAs. Our results indicate that C/EBPbeta is not only a prognostic marker for Wilms tumor, but also a critical survival factor for Wilms tumor cells. Thus it may be a target for anti-tumor therapeutics.