gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Exact Patterns of Quasi-synchronization among Spiking Neurons from Data on Multi-unit Recordings (1996)

This paper develops arguments for a family of temporal log-linear models to represent spatio-temporal correlations among the spiking events in a group of neurons. The models can represent not just pairwise correlations but also correlations of higher order. Methods are discussed for inferring the existence or absence of correlations and estimating their strength.

A frequentist and a Bayesian approach to correlation detection are compared. The frequentist method is based on G2 statistic with estimates obtained via the Max-Ent principle. In the Bayesian approach a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition (MC3) algorithm is applied to search over connectivity structures and Laplace's method is used to approximate their posterior probability. Performance of the methods was tested on synthetic data. The methods were applied to experimental data obtained by the fourth author by means of measurements carried out on behaving Rhesus monkeys at the Hadassah Medical School of the Hebrew University. As conjectured, neural connectivity structures need not be neither hierarchical nor decomposable.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in Portugal: Clinical spectrum, circulating subtypes, virus isolation, and plasma viral load (2000)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is responsible for 4. 5% of AIDS cases in Portugal. Six HIV-2 subtypes have been described so far, subtype A being proposed as more pathogenic than the rest. The relationship between the clinical status and levels of both cellular and plasma HIV-2 viraemia is not well known, nor their modifications under antiretroviral therapy. Thirty-two consecutive HIV-2 infected persons (17 men, 15 women) attending two different hospitals in Lisbon in 1997 were enrolled prospectively in the study. All but 4 individuals most likely acquired the infection through heterosexual contact. More than half of the study population was of African origin, mainly from Guinea-Bissau. Eleven (34.4%) patients had developed clinical manifestations included within the B or C groups of the CDC classification system for HIV infection, with the rest being asymptomatic. Half of the population was undergoing antiretroviral treatment at the time of the study. HIV-2 subtypes were investigated using a new Nef-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method that allows differentiation of the main two variants, A and B. Plasma viral load was quantified using a new quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QcRT-PCR) procedure as well as the Amp-RT assay. Virus isolation was attempted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All but one person carried HIV-2 subtype A. Plasma viraemia examined by QcRT-PCR was measurable in 15 (50%) of 30 subjects, yielding in all instances values below 20,000 HIV-2 RNA copies per ml. Plasma RT activity could be detected in only 10 (33%) of 30 subjects, a rate much lower than that seen in HIV-1 infection. Virus was isolated from 16 (53.3%) of 30 patients. A significant correlation was found between CD4+ counts, clinical status, rate of virus isolation, and plasma viral load by both QcRT-PCR and Amp-RT. In conclusion, HIV-2 subtype A is the predominant variant circulating in Portugal among both natives and immigrants. A lower cellular and plasma viral load with respect to HIV-1 was seen in persons without immunosuppression, from whom the rate of virus recovery was extremely low.
FPGA Implementation of LMS and N-LMS Processor for Adaptive Array Applications (2006)

This paper proposed a fixed-point implementation method of LMS (least mean square) and N-LMS (normalized-LMS) processor. In N-LMS, this paper proposes an efficient method using simple bit-shift operation instead of division. The convergence performance in LMS, N-LMS and RLS (recursive least square) adaptive array antenna is compared by implementation with single large scale FPGA (field programmable gate array) on the same developed hardware platform. It was evaluated by using the actual processing time considering the operation clock speed instead of the number of weight updates. The fixed-point operation with optimized word length and bit-shift operation instead of division are expected to provide faster actual FPGA processing time for LMS families compared with RLS in some specific cases
A Convenient Large Scale Synthesis ofN-BOC-Ethylenediamine (1994)

Abstract A simple, convenient large scale synthesis of N-BOC-ethylenedimine is described.
Low power TDMA in large wireless sensor networks (2002)

In this paper we present a novel TDMA scheme for a large population of sensors interconnected by a wireless multihop network. Applications of this wireless sensor network include battlefield surveillance, space exploration and condition based monitoring. Key characteristics of this system are the large number of sensor nodes and the need to rely on battery operation for a long period of time. Since communication is a major consumer of energy, low power communication protocols play a critical role in wireless sensor networks and have significant impact on the overall energy dissipation of these networked systems. This paper focuses on an energy efficient TDMA protocol, power aware clustered TDMA (PACT), that adapts the duly cycle to the user traffic. In other words, the radio is powered off if the network is inactive. Moreover, we apply passive clustering to take advantage of the redundant dense topology and prolong the lifetime of the entire network even further. At a given time, only a subset of network nodes (i.e., cluster heads and gateways) participates in the communication. The role of cluster heads and gateways is rotated according to their energy levels. The clustering requires no explicit control messages and therefore incurs negligible energy overhead. Using the proposed protocol, simulation and analytical results show significant improvement in energy saving and network lifetime.
Development of a High Power Pulse THz Gyrotron (2007)

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. has a program to develop a gyrotron producing up to 5 kW pulse power at various frequencies from about 600 GHz to 2 THz. The operating mode at 1 THz is TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15.4</sub> . The magnetic field is 37.6 Tesla. This is provided by a pulse magnet designed to operate repetitively, with a pulse repetition frequency of about 10 Hz. By reducing the magnetic field, lower order modes can be excited. Frequencies to 2 THz will be generated using the second harmonic. The program includes the design of the electron gun, cavity, magnet and its power supply, output structure and output window.
The 'failure to break' test in MV switchboards: an improvement of safety of persons and property (1990)

The authors indicate the Electricite de France policy concerning the ability of 24 kV switchboards for public distribution to withstand an internal arc. The technical specification requires particularly a 'failure to break' test in addition to the IEC requirements. The power test facilities of Les Renardieres High Power Laboratory (LEP) have made it possible to define and demonstrate the validity of effective technological solutions before using the equipment on the network.
Mucin glycans drive oral microbial community composition and function (2023)

Human microbiome composition is closely tied to health, but how the host manages its microbial inhabitants remains unclear. One important, but understudied, factor is the natural host environment: mucus, which contains gel-forming glycoproteins (mucins) that display hundreds of glycan structures with potential regulatory function. Leveraging a tractable culture-based system to study how mucins influence oral microbial communities, we found that mucin glycans enable the coexistence of diverse microbes, while resisting disease-associated compositional shifts. Mucins from tissues with unique glycosylation differentially tuned microbial composition, as did isolated mucin glycan libraries, uncovering the importance of specific glycan patterns in microbiome modulation. We found that mucins shape microbial communities in several ways: serving as nutrients to support metabolic diversity, organizing spatial structure through reduced aggregation, and possibly limiting antagonism between competing taxa. Overall, this work identifies mucin glycans as a natural host mechanism and potential therapeutic intervention to maintain healthy microbial communities.
Ethylene-Induced Stabilization of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-LIKE1 Is Mediated by Proteasomal Degradation of EIN3 Binding F-Box 1 and 2 That Requires EIN2 in Arabidopsis (2010)

Plant responses to ethylene are mediated by regulation of EBF1/2-dependent degradation of the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) transcription factor. Here, we report that the level of EIL1 protein is upregulated by ethylene through an EBF1/2-dependent pathway. Genetic analysis revealed that EIL1 and EIN3 cooperatively but differentially regulate a wide array of ethylene responses, with EIL1 mainly inhibiting leaf expansion and stem elongation in adult plants and EIN3 largely regulating a multitude of ethylene responses in seedlings. When EBF1 and EBF2 are disrupted, EIL1 and EIN3 constitutively accumulate in the nucleus and remain unresponsive to exogenous ethylene application. Further study revealed that the levels of EBF1 and EBF2 proteins are downregulated by ethylene and upregulated by silver ion and MG132, suggesting that ethylene stabilizes EIN3/EIL1 by promoting EBF1 and EBF2 proteasomal degradation. Also, we found that EIN2 is indispensable for mediating ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 accumulation and EBF1/2 degradation, whereas MKK9 is not required for ethylene signal transduction, contrary to a previous report. Together, our studies demonstrate that ethylene similarly regulates EIN3 and EIL1, the two master transcription factors coordinating myriad ethylene responses, and clarify that EIN2 but not MKK9 is required for ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 stabilization. Our results also reveal that EBF1 and EBF2 act as essential ethylene signal transducers that by themselves are subject to proteasomal degradation.
Reduction of Charge Trapping Sites in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Stacked Gate Dielectrics by Incorporating Nitrogen for Highly Reliable 4H-SiC MIS Devices (2011)

Superior flatband voltage (Vfb) stability of SiC-based metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices with aluminum oxynitride (AlON) gate dielectrics was demonstrated. MIS capacitors with gate insulators consisting of a thick pure aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and a thin underlying SiO2 layer fabricated on n-type 4H-SiC substrates showed a positive Vfb shift due to substrate electron injection depending on the applied gate bias and the thickness of the SiO2 interlayer. This large Vfb shift was greatly suppressed for devices with AlON/SiO2 stacked gate dielectrics, suggesting that electron trapping sites in Al2O3 film were mostly compensated for by nitrogen incorporation. This finding is helpful in realizing highly reliable SiC-based MIS field-effect-transistors (MISFETs) in terms of threshold voltage stability.
Video and colour photo analysis of five gigantic jets observed near Réunion island (2011)

International audience
Dynamic web page authoring by example using ontology-based domain knowledge (2003)

Authoring dynamic web pages is an inherently difficult task. We present DESK, an interactive authoring tool that allows the customization of dynamic page generation procedures with no a-priori tool-specific skill requirements from authors. Our approach consists of combining Programming By Example (PBE) techniques with an ontology-based representation of knowledge displayed in web pages. DESK acts as a client-side complement of a dynamic web page generation system, PEGASUS, which generates HTML pages from a formally structured domain model and an abstract presentation model. Authorized users can modify the internal presentation model by editing the generated HTML pages with DESK in a WYSIWYG environment. DESK keeps track of all users actions and exploits the explicitly represented domain semantics to enhance the power of PBE techniques
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of EF- and ABEF- Analogues of (+)-Spongistatin 1 (2010)

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of two potential (+)-spongistatin 1 analogues have been achieved. The analogues, incorporating tethers (red) in place of the ABCD and the CD components of the (+)-spongistatin 1 macrolide, were designed such that the conformations of the retained skeleton (blue) would mimic the assigned major solution conformation of the natural product The nanomolar cytotoxicity observed for the ABEF analogue provides strong support for the assigned solution conformation.
Design and Implementation of a Dual-Band Single Layer Reflectarray in X and K Bands (2014)

Design and implementation of a dual-band single layer microstrip reflectarray are presented in this communication. The proposed reflectarray operates in two separated broad frequency-bands within X and K bands. Each element in the reflectarray consists of a circular patch with slots, and two phase delay lines attached to the patch. The required phase shifts in X and K bands are obtained by varying the lengths of the phase delay lines. The proposed element has more than 500 and 800 degrees linear phase range within 9.2 ~ 11.2 GHz (X-band) and 21 ~ 23 GHz (K-band), respectively. Measurement results show the maximum gain of 26.2 dB at 10.2 GHz with 16% 1-dB gain bandwidth and 29.7 dB at 22 GHz with 9.1% 1-dB gain bandwidth. With proper arrangement of the elements in the array, the cross-polarization is reduced. The measured efficiency is 47% at 10.2 GHz and 25% at 22 GHz.
Discriminating expression of differentiation markers evolves in transplants of benign and malignant human skin keratinocytes through stromal interactions (2003)

Accumulating evidence indicates a decisive role for the adjacent stroma in tumour growth and dissemination. However, it is not clear how far altered differentiation such as expression of aberrant keratins and vimentin, common in invasive human carcinomas, may reflect intrinsic cell properties or a response to the tumour environment. We have addressed this by transplanting benign and malignant human HaCaT-ras keratinocytes, seeded on collagen matrix, onto nude mice. Initially, epithelia derived from benign and malignant cells, being separated from host stroma by collagen, were poorly organized and exhibited the same differentiation markers, as identified by immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Epidermal basal and suprabasal keratins were expressed persistently even upon contact with newly formed stroma and malignant cell invasion. In contrast, non-epidermal keratins (K4/K13, K8/18, K19), which were similarly synthesized by benign and malignant cells in culture and in early transplants, were differentially regulated with increasing stromal vicinity. While both proteins and mRNAs were downregulated in benign epithelia, the malignant, invasive tumour cells continuously expressed these non-epidermal keratins throughout (K19), suprabasally (K4/13) or at invasive sites (K8/18). Furthermore, the mesenchymal protein vimentin was expressed de novo in invasive areas confronting tumour stroma. Thus, atypical tissue markers, similarly synthesized in isolated cells in vitro, are downregulated in benign but maintained and upregulated in malignant epithelia. This is presumably caused by the neighbouring stroma being permanently activated by malignant epithelia.
Optimizated Allocation of Data Variables to PCM/DRAM-based Hybrid Main Memory for Real-Time Embedded Systems (2014)

Phase-change memory (PCM) has many advantages compared to conventional DRAM, including nonvolatility, low static energy consumption, and high reliability. Its drawbacks include limited write-endurance and higher energy consumption for write operations. We consider a hybrid main memory consisting of PCM and DRAM at the same level of the memory hierarchy, and address the problem of partitioning and allocating data variables in a multitasking system to either memory type to minimize the energy consumption in the hyper-period while respecting the user-specified upper bounds on CPU utilization. We present an optimal integer linear programming (ILP) formulation and a heuristic algorithm with polynomial time complexity.
Kordia periserrulae sp. nov., isolated from a marine polychaete Periserrula leucophryna,and emended description of the genus Kordia (2010)

A Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, flexirubin-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain IMCC1412(T), was isolated from a marine polychaete Periserrula leucophryna inhabiting a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain IMCC1412(T) was most closely related to Kordia algicida, with a sequence similarity of 96.7 %, but only distantly related to other species in the family Flavobacteriaceae (<92 % similarity). The G+C content of the DNA was 37.3 mol%. The strain contained MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids and unidentified polar lipids as the major polar lipids. On the basis of phylogenetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic characteristics, strain IMCC1412(T) ( = KACC 14311(T) = KCTC 22801(T) = NBRC 106077(T)) should be assigned to the genus Kordia as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Kordia periserrulae sp. nov. is proposed. An emended description of the genus Kordia is also presented.
Synthesis of R-(−)-Imperanene from the Natural Lignan Hydroxymatairesinol (2002)

A convenient and high yielding method for the synthesis of R-(-)-imperanene, starting from the readily available natural lignan hydroxymatairesinol from Norway spruce, was developed. Hydroxymatairesinol was degraded in strongly basic aqueous conditions to (E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylmethyl)but-3-enoic acid, which was esterified and then reduced by LiAlH(4) to afford R-(-)-imperanene. The configuration at the crucial stereocenter was preserved in the synthesis, and the obtained product was identified by optical rotation measurements and chiral HPLC analyses as the R-(-)-enantiomer (ee 86-92%).
ChemInform Abstract: REDUKTIVE SPALTUNG VON BERNSTEINSAEUREESTERN, EINE METHODE ZUR EINFUEHRUNG VON ESSIGSAEURE‐FRAGMENTEN (1973)

Abstract Die Behandlung des Cyclohexandicarbonsäureesters (II) mit Natrium in siedendem Toluol in Gegenwart von Chlortrimethylsilan liefert in 88%iger Ausbeute über die Zwischenstufe (III) das Cyclooctadien‐Derivat (IV), das auch durch Umsetzung von (II) bei 25°C mit einer Natrium‐Kalium‐Legierung in Benzol erhalten wird.
Biomarkers for Personalizing Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dosing (2014)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. PGE2 in colon tissue can be reduced by increasing dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The dose-dependent relationships between dietary EPA, serum EPA:arachidonate (AA) ratio, urinary PGE2 metabolites, and colonic eicosanoids were evaluated to develop biomarkers for prediction of colonic PGE2. Male rats were fed diets containing EPA:ω6 fatty acid ratios of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 for 5 weeks. Increasing the dietary EPA:ω6 fatty acid ratio increased EPA:AA ratios in serum and in the proximal, transverse, and distal colon (P < 0.001). The urinary PGE2 metabolite was reduced (P = 0.006). EPA-rich diets reduced colonic tissue PGE2 concentrations by 58% to 66% and increased PGE3 by 19- to 28-fold. Other AA-derived eicosanoids were reduced by 35% to 83%. The changes were not linear, with the largest changes in eicosanoids observed with the lower doses. A mathematical model predicts colonic tissue eicosanoids from the EPA:AA ratio in serum and the EPA dose. Every 10% increase in serum EPA:AA was associated with a 2% decrease in the (geometric) mean of PGE2 in the distal colon. These mathematical relationships can now be applied to individualized EPA dosing in clinical trials.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Promotes the Survival of Early Postnatal Spinal Motor Neurons in the Lateral and Medial Motor Columns in Slice Culture (2002)

The mechanisms by which trophic factors bring about spinal motor neuron (MN) survival and regulate their number during development are not well understood. We have developed an organotypic slice culture model for the in vitro study of the trophic requirements and cell death pathways in MNs of postnatal day 1-2 mice. Both lateral motor column (LMC) and medial motor column (MMC) neurons died within 72 hr when grown in serum-free medium without trophic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP promoted the survival of a proportion of the neurons, but glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was the most effective trophic factor, supporting approximately 60% of MNs for 1 week in culture. Homozygous deficiency for bax, a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, saved the same proportion of neurons as GDNF, suggesting that GDNF alone was sufficient to maintain all "rescuable" MNs for at least 1 week. Analysis of MN survival in GFRalpha-1(-/-) mice demonstrated that the trophic effect of GDNF was completely mediated by its preferred coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRalpha-1). None of the other GDNF family ligands supported significant MN survival, suggesting that there is little ligand-coreceptor cross talk within the slice preparation. Although MN subtypes can be clearly defined by both anatomical distribution and ontogenetic specification, the pattern of trophic factor responsiveness of neurons from the MMC was indistinguishable from that seen in the LMC. Thus, in contrast to all other factors and drugs studied to date, GDNF is likely to be a critical trophic agent for all early postnatal MN populations.
A putative monofunctional glycosyltransferase is expressed in Ralstonia eutropha (1997)

A gene, mgt, encoding a protein homologous to the N-terminal module of class A high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins was identified in Ralstonia eutropha. By using specific antibodies, the corresponding Mgt protein was detected in association with the membrane, confirming that the N-terminal hydrophobic segment functioned as a membrane anchor. A derivative in which the hydrophobic sequence was deleted was overexpressed as a maltose-binding fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Cleavage of the product resulted in substantial amounts of soluble Mgt derivative, indicating that folding occurs independently on other proteins or on homologous domains of penicillin-binding proteins.
Dynamic characteristics and efficiency of a fluidized bed heat treatment process (2009)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThe dynamic characteristics of gas bubbles in fluidized beds are important to determine the heat and mass transfer rates at component surfaces and the treated profiles of components. They also have great impact on the components&amp;rsquo; structural, mechanical and physical properties. However, it has been very difficult to monitor those characteristics dynamically. In this paper, a specifically designed fluidized bed was introduced to facilitate the capturing of its dynamic characteristics and a new video image processing and analysis algorithm was developed. The algorithm is robust and adaptive in terms of locating both bubbles and components in beds with a single or multiple components. It has many advantages in dynamic characterization of gas bubbles and monitoring component treatment. By using this algorithm, the properties of gas bubbles over any period of time can be accurately obtained. This technology will provide a potential on-line dynamic monitoring and quality control system for the chemical heat treatment processes with fluidized beds.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t