gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a fluorometric measurement system used in biological samples upon the determination of iron (II) metal ion (2020)

2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid (TXSCH<sub>2</sub>COOH, T), which has a fluorometric character, was used for new fluorometric system upon Fe(II) analysis in biological samples as the main target. T-BSA binary complex was firstly consisted with non-covalent interactions between T and BSA at the equilibrium concentration as 1.77 × 10<sup>-4.</sup>M. T-BSA binary complex emission was increased at the ratio of 24.40% due to stabilization property of BSA (pH:7), compared with T emission intensity. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy was used for the all measurements because of an economic, a sensitive and a practical method compared with other spectroscopic analysis. T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex was also obtained by adding Fe(II) ion to T-BSA binary complex solution. Its characterization was performed to be investigated with optimum excitation wavelength, buffer concentration, pH and temperature as 297 nm, 10<sup>-3</sup> M Tris HCl (10<sup>-2</sup>M NaCI), pH:7.2 at 25 °C, respectively. The results of Fe(II) analysis in serum showed a certain response in fluorometric T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex measurement system as 50.42 ± 5.8 µg/dL. The analyses of our fluorometric triple complex system were compared with the reference electrochemiluminescence method and similar results were obtained. Fluorometric measurements of T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex, its characterization and Fe(II) analysis in this system have not been investigated in literature gives originality to our study.
A comparison of human observer LROC and numerical observer ROC for tumor detection in SPECT images (1999)

Numerical observers that predict human performance in medical detection tasks can relieve some of the burden of conducting psychophysical studies. Research for this purpose has dealt primarily with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) studies with "signal-known-exactly" (SKE) detection tasks. However, clinical tasks requiring searching for tumors are more closely associated with localization ROC (LROC) studies. The authors have compared performances of humans in a LROC study to performances of a channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) in a SKE ROC study. The task was tumor detection in simulated Ga-67 scans of the chest region. The studies compared different image filters created by varying the dimensionality and cut-off frequency of a 5th-order Butterworth filter. Image reconstruction was by filtered backprojection (FBP) with multiplicative Chang attenuation correction. A total of 35 tumor locations were used. Human LROC results for 4 participants were acquired from a study of 140 images per strategy. The LROC ratings are given as areas under the LROC curve. For the ROC study, 2 constant-Q channel models were used, with parameters determined from a previous comparison of human and CHO performance in a SKE ROC study. The CHO's were applied to 200 noise realizations per location and strategy. The CHO ratings of the filtering strategies are given as areas under the ROC curve averaged over location. Correlation between the human and numerical observers was quantified with Spearman rank correlation tests. Rank correlation coefficients of 0.857 and 0.952 were found. The authors conclude that a ROC study with these constant-Q CHO's may be used to distinguish between considerably superior and inferior strategies, and thus reduce the number of strategies considered by human observers in an LROC study.
Evaluation of Airborne and Ground Geophysical Data Collected at Target N‐10, Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico (2006)

Target N‐10 on the Pueblo of Laguna was used for practice bombing during WWII. Current surface features include earthen berms, bomb scraps, and many ordnance related items. Two magnetometer surveys were conducted over the site as part of ESTCP system evaluation studies. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) initially collected MTADS data over ∼70 acres with 100% coverage over the target center. Over 16,000 anomalies were selected from these data. Limited ground truthing excavated 1003 anomalies between two mag‐and‐flag sites and another 431 anomalies were excavated from the MTADS data. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) subsequently conducted airborne surveys over ∼1100 acres with 100% coverage over the center and 25% coverage over the remaining area. Their survey identified 171 anomalies (DAS category 1 & 2) were selected for investigation. The NRL data exhibits very high‐resolution and while the ORNL data shows lower resolution but covers a much larger area. Data collected by NRL and ORNL represents a larger sample set than is typical for most ordnance site investigations. In this case, the NRL data were used to evaluate ordnance density and ORNL data were used to estimate extent of contamination. Coupled with soil sampling for chemical constituents, the site, overall, was characterized with a higher degree of confidence and at a lower cost. Results of this characterization indicated minimal risk to ecology and humans from explosives residue, debris or chemical releases. No intact HE items were found. Intact spotting charges were found in less than 1% of ordnance‐related debris. These data have been used to estimate costs for four remedial alternatives that are being negotiated with the Pueblo of Laguna at this time.
Learning Global Agile Software Engineering Using Same-Site and Cross-Site Teams (2015)

We describe an experience in teaching global software engineering (GSE) using distributed Scrum augmented with industrial best practices. Our unique instructional technique had students work in both same-site and cross-site teams to contrast the two modes of working. The course was a collaboration between Aalto University, Finland and University of Victoria, Canada. Fifteen Canadian and eight Finnish students worked on a single large project, divided into four teams, working on interdependent user stories as negotiated with the industrial product owner located in Finland. Half way through the course, we changed the teams so each student worked in both a local and a distributed team. We studied student learning using a mixed-method approach including 14 post-course interviews, pre-course and Sprint questionnaires, observations, meeting recordings, and repository data from git and Flow dock, the primary communication tool. Our results show no significant differences between working in distributed vs. Non-distributed teams, suggesting that Scrum helps alleviate many GSE problems. Our post-course interviews and survey data allows us to explain this effect, we found that students over time learned to better self-select tasks with less inter-team dependencies, to communicate more, and to work better in teams.
Simultaneous multislice imaging with an additional slice gradient in the readout stage: an idea for multislice FLASH (1993)

Conventional two-dimensional Fourier transform spin-echo multislice imaging can be performed in a time efficient manner by taking advantage of the relatively long repetition time (TR) compared with the sequence time (i.e. the time from excitation to end of signal acquisition), to observe other slices. Thus, given a sequence time of 1/n of TR, n slices can be observed with no time penalty. For some applications, however, e.g. cardiac imaging, it would be desirable to collect data for all slices of interest simultaneously and not sequentially. One method of simultaneous multislice imaging has previously been proposed (Muller, 1988). This method uses a multifrequency rf pulse to excite all the slices of interest simultaneously. Separation of the slices is then achieved by addition or subtraction of the time domain signals by altering the phase of the slice selection pulses. For n slices, the basic imaging sequence has to be repeated n times. We present here an alternative method to acquire multislice images simultaneously using an additional slice gradient at the readout stage to separate the slices. As a modification of the spin warp imaging method (Edelstein et al, 1988), the 2-D FT spin-echo (SE) imaging pulse sequence is widely used in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Three gradients are used in the sequence, one for frequency encoding, one for phase encoding, and one for slice selection. Usually the three gradients are orthogonal to each other and usually denoted as G x, G y and G z for the read, phase and slice gradients respectively.
Built-in-Self Test of transmitter I/Q mismatch using self-mixing envelope detector (2012)

Built-in-Self-Test (BiST) for transmitters is a desirable choice since it eliminates the reliance on expensive instrumentation to do RF signal analysis. Existing on-chip resources, such as power or envelope detectors or small additional circuitry can be used for BiST purposes. However, due to limited bandwidth, measurement of complex specifications, such as IQ imbalance is challenging. Since these parameters are most amenable for digital compensation, their characterization and monitoring are desirable. In this paper, we propose a BiST technique for transmitter IQ imbalance using a self-mixing envelope detector. We first derive an analytical expression for the output signal. Using this expression, we devise test signals to isolate the effects of gain and phase imbalance, DC offsets, and time skews from other parameters of the system. Once isolated, these parameters are calculated easily with a few mathematical operations. Simulations and hardware measurements show that the technique can provide accurate characterization of IQ imbalances.
Characterization of surface micromachined metallic microneedles (2003)

The purpose of the paper is to provide quantitative characterization of metallic microneedles. Mechanical and fluid flow experiments were performed to evaluate the buckling force, the penetration force, and the pressure versus flow rate characteristics of the microneedles. The microneedle design variations characterized included varying the shaft lengths, varying the tip taper angles/geometries, and the inclusion of micromechanical barbs. The penetration force was found to range from 7.8 gF for a microneedle of shaft length 500 μm, to 9.4 gF for a length of 1500 μm, both with a tip taper angle of 30°. Microneedles with a linear tip taper angle of 30° penetrated 95 +% of the time without failure. The microneedles with a 15° and 20° linear tip taper penetrated 10% and 25% of the time, respectively. The buckling force was found to be 98.4 gF for a 500 μm long microneedle shaft, 72.3 gF for a needle of shaft length 1000 μm, and 51.6 gF for a 1500 μm long shaft. The results demonstrate that the penetration force was 7.9% of the buckling force for 500 μm long shafts, 11.6% for a 1000 μm long shaft, and 18.2% for a 1500 μm long microneedle shafts. The microneedle fluid flow characteristics were studied. An inlet pressure of 49.0 Pa was required for a flow rate of 1000 μL/h and 243.0 Pa for a flow rate of 4000 μL/h using air as the fluid medium. For water, an average pressure of 30.0 kPa was required for a flow rate of 1000 μL/h and 106.0 kPa for a flow rate of 4000 μL/h.
Water Use, Grain Yield, and Osmoregulation in Wheat (1986)

Genotypic differences in turgor maintenance in wheat were shown to be associated with differences in grain yield in the field at both high and Low water deficits. High water deficits were produced by growing plants in field plots using water stored in the soil at sowing, and excluding rain with a rain cover. At low water deficits plants received rainfall, and irrigation was supplied before and immediately after sowing, at tillering, at jointing, at ear emergence, and during grain filling. Yield differences were analysed in terms of harvest index, water use, and water use efficiency. Water use was calculated from changes in soil water contents. At high water deficits all three factors were associated with differences in turgor maintenance. However, only the variations in water use and harvest index could be logically associated with differences in turgor maintenance. Analysis of the soil water extraction data showed that the differences in water use efficiency were due solely to differences in water use at depth while surface water losses were the same, i.e. the ratio of transpiration to soil evaporation would have been higher in low-osmoregulating genotypes. At low water deficits, no differences were observed in harvest index, though there were non-significant correlations between turgor maintenance and total water use efficiency or total water use. A similar result was obtained when the water use and yield data were related to osmoregulation measurements made in the glasshouse. It is therefore concluded that effects of turgor maintenance or osmoregulation on grain yield were primarily associated with differences in water use which were, in turn, due to differences in water extraction at soil depths between 25 and 150 cm.
Synthesis of Ethenyl(phenyl)iodonium Triflate, [H2CCHIPh][OSO2CF3], and Its Application as a Parent Vinyl Cation Equivalent (1991)

As a reactive, strongly electrophilic vinylating agent the title compound complements the known nucleophilic vinylation reagents. It reacts with catalytic amounts of silver triflate to give the parent vinyl triflate 1 and undergoes oxidative addition reactions with organometallic compounds. Reaction with Vaska's complex, for example, furnishes 2.
Determination of the Critical Concentration for Micelle Formation in Solutions of Colloidal Electrolytes by the Spectral Change of a Dye1 (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the Critical Concentration for Micelle Formation in Solutions of Colloidal Electrolytes by the Spectral Change of a Dye1M. L. Corrin and William D. HarkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 679–683Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views940Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Tungsten Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitor Using a Chemical Vapor Deposition Process (1997)

A new process for tungsten gate metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors has been developed using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of tungsten on a thin poly‐Si layer of appropriate thickness. The poly‐Si acts as a sacrificial layer and is consumed during the CVD of tungsten (W). This process yields a nearly pure W metal gate after reduction of at 300°C. Compared with sputtered tungsten films, the CVD tungsten film has lower resistivity and lower intrinsic film stress. In addition, the CVD tungsten metal gate MOS capacitor has a lower interface state density (Dit) and a higher charge‐to‐breakdown (Qbd), than sputter‐deposited tungsten gate MOS capacitors.
The Use Of An Ultrasonic Technique To Remove A Fractured Rotary Nickel‐Titanium Instrument From The Apical Third Of A Curved Root Canal (2003)

The frequency of use of nickel-titanium rotary instruments in endodontic practice is increasing. One occasionally mentioned problem is fracture of an instrument within the root canal. The broken instrument may prevent access to the root apex, impeding optimal cleaning and shaping procedures. A case report is presented which uses a modern technique, utilising a staging platform and the use of newly designed ultrasonic tips with direct visualisation through a dental operating microscope, to remove a fractured rotary nickel-titanium instrument from the apical third of a curved root canal.
Kernel Methods on the Riemannian Manifold of Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices (2013)

Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices have become popular to encode image information. Accounting for the geometry of the Riemannian manifold of SPD matrices has proven key to the success of many algorithms. However, most existing methods only approximate the true shape of the manifold locally by its tangent plane. In this paper, inspired by kernel methods, we propose to map SPD matrices to a high dimensional Hilbert space where Euclidean geometry applies. To encode the geometry of the manifold in the mapping, we introduce a family of provably positive definite kernels on the Riemannian manifold of SPD matrices. These kernels are derived from the Gaussian kernel, but exploit different metrics on the manifold. This lets us extend kernel-based algorithms developed for Euclidean spaces, such as SVM and kernel PCA, to the Riemannian manifold of SPD matrices. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach on the problems of pedestrian detection, object categorization, texture analysis, 2D motion segmentation and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) segmentation.
The nature of nurture: Genetic influence on “environmental” measures (1991)

Abstract Evidence for genetic influence on environmental measures will emerge in quantitative genetic analyses if genetically influenced characteristics of individuals are assessed by these environmental measures. Recent twin and adoption studies indicate substantial genetic influence when measures of the environment are treated as phenotypes in genetic analyses. Genetic influence has been documented for measures as diverse as videotaped observations of parental behavior toward their children, ratings by parents and children of their family environment, and ratings of peer groups, social support, and life events. Evidence for genetic influence on environmental measures includes some of the most widely used measures of environment – the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, the Family Environment Scales, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale of life events, for example. The goal of this article is to document and discuss these findings and to elicit commentary that might help to shape the course of research on this topic, which has far-reaching implications for the behavioral and brain sciences.
Solar-powered heat pump utilizing pivoting-tip rotating equipment. Phase I. Progress report (annual) 1 July 1974-1 January 1975 (1975)

Development of the Battelle heat-pump concept for the solar heating and cooling of buildings is described. This concept utilizes pivoting-tip rotary-vane equipment. A computer simulation of the Rankine-cycle powered vapor compressor (RC-VC) heat-pump was prepared and used to: (1) analytically determine the feasibility of the Battelle solar heat-pump concept with a single working fluid, a common condenser, and rotary-vane components; and (2) provide the fluid properties, flow rates, displacements, and shaft speed required for conducting the preliminary design of the rotary-vane compressor and expander and the pivoting-tip gas bearings.
GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate trophoblast-specific gene expression in vivo (1997)

We previously demonstrated that the zinc finger transcription factors GATA-2 and GATA-3 are expressed in trophoblast giant cells and that they regulate transcription from the mouse placental lactogen I gene promoter in a transfected trophoblast cell line. We present evidence here that both of these factors regulate transcription of the placental lactogen I gene, as well as the related proliferin gene, in trophoblast giant cells in vivo. Placentas lacking GATA-3 accumulate placental lactogen I and proliferin mRNAs to a level 50% below that reached in the wild-type placenta. Mutation of the GATA-2 gene had a similar effect on placental lactogen I expression, but led to a markedly greater reduction (5- to 6-fold) in proliferin gene expression. Placentas lacking GATA-2 secrete significantly less angiogenic activity than wild-type placentas as measured in an endothelial cell migration assay, consistent with a reduction in expression of the angiogenic hormone proliferin. Furthermore, within the same uterus the decidual tissue adjacent to mutant placentas displays markedly reduced neovascularization compared to the decidual tissue next to wild-type placentas. These results indicate that GATA-2 and GATA-3 are important in vivo regulators of trophoblast-specific gene expression and placental function, and reveal a difference in the effect of these two factors in regulating the synthesis of related placental hormones.
Corrosion Experience of 13%Cr Steel Tubing and Laboratory Evaluation of Super 13Cr Steel in Sweet Environments Containing Acetic Acid and Trace Amounts of H2S (2009)

Abstract 13%Cr steel tubing corroded at shallow depths in deep, hot Minami-Nagaoka Gas-condensate wells onshore Japan. The produced gas contains 6% CO2 and 2~3ppm H2S, and the produced water contains 400 ppm acetate. The localized corrosion apparently initiated from mechanical damages produced by wire line operations. The corrosion damage was more severe in wells with longer shut in periods. These observations are contradictory to the traditional understanding that the corrosion performance of 13%Cr steel deteriorates at high temperatures in wet CO2 environments. And abovementioned observations suggest that the corrosion initiated during well’s shut in period at shallow depths due to pH lowering by higher CO2 solubility at low temperatures and the existence of acetic acid. Based on this understanding, corrosion performance of Super 13Cr steel containing Ni and Mo was evaluated as a potential countermeasure in comparison with 13% Cr and 22Cr steels at a low temperature in addition to at high temperatures using flow loop and rotating cage. The effect of Cl- concentration and the influence of trace amounts of H2S on the corrosion performance of Super 13Cr steel was elucidated.
Development of 3-D phased array applicator for deep-body hyperthermia: FDTD modeling and experimental verification (2002)

Deep-body hyperthermia (HT) therapy is based on selective overheating of tumors using the constructive interference of E-fields irradiated from an HT applicator and polarized along the patient axis. Present HT applicators for the pelvis and abdomen operate at frequencies between 70 and 120 MHz. The interference patterns are often disturbed by hot-spots at tissue interfaces. Numerical studies have shown that these hot-spots can be better resolved when 3-D instead of 2-D phase and amplitude control is applied. However, a simple axial segmenting of antennas for obtaining a 3-D applicator results in their reduced efficiency (antenna mismatching. high normal E-field, inter-channel coupling). Thus, efforts are necessary to overcome these problems. Another important precondition for further development of deep-body HT is a noninvasive monitoring of temperature in patients under treatment using magnetic resonance (MR) methods. Therefore, an interaction-free combination of HT applicator and MR tomograph is necessary. This means reduction of cross dimensions, avoidance of metal surfaces and loops as well as an absolute ban of ferromagnetic materials. The aim of this contribution is to present, how antenna structures can be geometrically shortened without sacrificing the high performance required for the MR compatible 3-D phased array applicator for deep-body HT.