gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Non-Intrusive Ultrasonic Sensor System for Water Flow Rate Measurement (2021)

Ultrasonic technologies have established themselves as optimal solutions for water flow rate measurement thanks to the high reliability and efficiency they offer. However, the existing applications often require ultrasonic sensors to be embedded in pipes, i.e., intrusive, which significantly increases initial deployment and maintenance costs. Considering the volume of employment, one to each house, the water meters have to be designed in a way that the consumers can deploy and maintain them without any skilled labourer. Hence, this paper proposes a delta time-of-flight <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\Delta ToF)$</tex> -based non-intrusive sensor system for plug-and-play ultrasonic water flow rate metering. After introducing the measurement theory and our proposed design, we experimentally evaluated the performance of three different ΔToF calculation methods in terms of memory and computation requirements through a dedicated testbed consisting of a closed-loop multi-pipe layout. The results helped us to determine the optimal <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\Delta ToF$</tex> method for the employed platform, which is then used to select the best sensor and housing setting that is operable even under the worst deployment conditions (pipe material, diameter). Compared to its intrusive counterparts, the proposed system achieved a sufficient level of precision <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\pm 5.7\%)$</tex> and hence provided the possibility of replacing the conventional methods of intrusive water metering at the household level.
Critical evaluation and novel design of a non-invasive and wearable health monitoring system (2008)

This study is about developing a non-invasive wearable health-monitoring system. The project aims to achieve miniaturisation as much as possible, using nanotechnology. The achieved results of the project are nothing but conceptual images of a convertible watch. The system is a non-invasive health measurement system. An important part of the study is researching the automation of blood pressure measurement by means of experiments which test the effect of exterior factors on blood pressure level. These experiments have been held to improve the automation and simplicity of BP measurements to establish a 24hr BP monitoring system. This study proposed a medical sensor that is part of the watch system, and that is most compatible with the elderly people product preferences in the UK. The “sensor strip” is in cm range, integrating a number of MEMS sensors, for the non-invasive detection of certain health aspects. The health aspects are chosen according to how close they are from the “health vital signs”, which are the first measurements executed by the doctor, if a patient is to visit him. An applied QFD study showed that the most suitable measurement technology to be used in the proposed sensor strip is the infrared technology. In addition to the sensor strip, EEG health detection is added, which is the reason why the watch is convertible. MEMS sensors, MEMS memory and an embedded processor are selected, since that this project also includes minimising the size of a device where the utilization of nanotechnology is vital. The final result of the study is only a conceptual design of a product with a carefully selected subsystems. The software design of the product will not be further developed to become a physical prototype of a consumer product.
A new penalty based genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems (2005)

Penalty functions are often used to handle constraints for constrained optimization problems in evolutionary algorithms. However it is difficult to control penalty parameters. To overcome this shortcoming, a new penalty function with easily-controlled penalty parameters is designed in this paper. The fitness function defined by this penalty function can distinguish feasible and infeasible solutions effectively. Meanwhile, the orthogonal design is used to generate initial population and design crossover operator. Based on these, a new genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems is proposed. The simulations are made on five widely used benchmark problems, and the results indicate the proposed algorithm is effective.
Impact of electron-phonon transport on the thermal resistance of metal-nonmetal interfaces (2011)

In this work, we study the impact of the phonon thermal conductivity of Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au) on the interface resistance of metal-nonmetal contacts at room temperature. The thermal conductivity of both metals is determined for bulk and thin films of varying thickness using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. Likewise, we determine the thermal interface resistance due to phonons of metal films embedded in a nonmetal layer composed of Silicon (Si). Based on a two-temperature model (TTM) for electrons and phonons, we determine the thermal resistance due to electron-phonon interactions and the variation of the film resistance of Ag and Au layers as a function of their thickness. The latter considering the estimated phonon contribution to the thermal conductivity of the studied metals obtained with our NEMD simulations. Two important results are presented in this work. First, we have found for the studied metals that at room temperature phonons contribute less than 1.0 % to the bulk thermal conductivity; and that their relative contribution to the conductivity and its variation with the film thickness significantly impacts the overall film resistance of metallic films.
A Ce2+ sensor based on napthalen-1-yl-methylene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (NMBSH) molecules: ecological sample analysis (2018)

A sensitive and selective Ce<sup>2+</sup> sensor was developed based on napthalen-1-yl-methylene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (NMBSH) derivatives <italic>via</italic> an electrochemical approach.
Characterization of an Optimized Off-Diagonal GMI-Based Magnetometer (2012)

An optimized giant magneto-impedance effect magnetometer has been developed, based on an overall analysis of the measurement chain, including physical material properties, associated detection coil parameters, and equivalent magnetic noise performances. The field response model for the sensing element and the noise model yield good agreement with experimental results. The noise performance of the magnetometer, approximately 1.7 pT/√{Hz} in the white noise region, with a band-pass of about 70 kHz, is competitive with that of other technologies. Present limitations are clearly established, leaving room for further improvements.
Non-Linear Techniques in Multi-Spectral X-Ray Imaging (1980)

The sensitivity of medical radiographs for the contrast agent iodine can be improved by multispectral imaging techniques. Three different shadow projections of the object to be imaged are taken by using three distinct primary X-ray spectra. The corresponding material-selective projections of iodine, bone and tissue masses are generated by combining appropriately the shadow projections. A nonlinear reconstruction algorithm is presented thereby improving the reconstruction accuracy compared with known linear techniques. The algorithm is tested both in computer simulation and in experiment.
Managing esthetic challenges with anterior implants. Part 1: midfacial recession defects from etiology to resolution. (2013)

Dilemmas accompanying esthetic zone implants frequently involve a dehiscence type defect of the midfacial tissues. The challenge to the surgical-restorative implant team is to understand the etiology associated with such defects and the treatment options that can be offered lending to predictable outcomes. Etiologic factors are: 1) poor implant spatial positioning; 2) incorrect abutment contour; 3) excessive implant diameter; 4) horizontal biologic width formation; and 5) periodontal phenotype. Remediation treatment can involve: 1) burying the implant and allowing the soft tissues to heal naturally over the implant with a surgical cover screw known as implant decoronation; 2) augmentation of the soft tissues with a connective tissue graft, if needed; 3) stage 2 uncovering of the implant: and 4) controlling the abutment-crown contour appropriately with flat or even undercontour to maintain the soft tissues in a stable and healthy position long term.
STRESS AND DEFLECTIONS IN TYPE 2 AND TYPE 4 AIRDROP PLATFORMS (1969)

Abstract : Severe stress conditions may develop during the extraction and parachute deployment phases of an airdrop with a stressed platform. The platform stresses and deflections during that dynamic loading period are computed by treating the platform as a planar network of beams rigidly connected at the joints. Stiffness properties of the beams in the network are calculated approximately using standard methods and then refined to more exact values by comparing measured deflections under static loading to computed deflections. These stiffness properties are then used in the analysis of the dynamic load. Equations of motion are written for each degree of freedom using a lumped mass representation for the loads. Deflections at the joints of the network are obtained by solving the equations of motion using the Runge-Kurt-Gill numerical procedure. Stresses are then determined from the deflections.
Numerical Analysis the Performance of Field Emission Display with Secondary Electrons Emission (2006)

In this paper, we calculated and compared the performance of three different structures of CNT-FED: a normal triode structure, a double-gate structure, and a structure with insulator channel. By calculating the electrical field and the electron trajectories, we found that the normal triode structure is easy to induce pixel-pixel interference; while the double-gate structure subtract the anode current because of the interception of the second gate. In the structure with insulator channel, the disadvantages mentioned above can be avoided. Furthermore, when the cathode has some defects, the uniformity of the anode current can be improved because of the secondary electrons generated at the surface of the insulator wall
ChemInform Abstract: The Functionalization of Saturated Hydrocarbons. Part 39. Further Evidence for the Role of the Iron‐Carbon Bond in Gif Chemistry. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Vivo Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of a Calcium-Deficient Apatite Vancomycin Drug Delivery System in a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Rabbit Osteomyelitis Experimental Model (2009)

The antimicrobial activities of calcium-deficient apatite loaded with different concentrations (25, 100, and 500 microg/mg) of vancomycin as a filling biomaterial were evaluated in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rabbit acute osteomyelitis model. Bacterial counts in bone, bone marrow, and joint fluid samples treated with forms of the apatite were compared to those in tissue samples receiving a constant intravenous vancomycin infusion after 4 days. This study demonstrates that using a calcium-deficient apatite loaded with vancomycin dramatically decreases the bacterial counts in bone and marrow.
Highly Compact Robots for Inspection of Power Plants (2010)

This paper reports on a 3 years applied research project dealing with several inspection scenarios of power plants and resulting in many robot prototypes and 3 main achievements. The project is a common effort between industry and university, including ALSTOM together with researchers from the 2 Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology. The goal is to generate knowledge and transfer technology to the industry in the field of robot inspection. The method is to collect commercial scenarios, study them, make some exploratory prototypes, select the best scenarios and develop enhanced prototypes for the most promising applications. The 3 most evolved robots are MagneBike for steam chest, AirGapCrawler for generators and TubeCrawler for boiler tube. The supporting technologies that have been developed are adhesion, locomotion, system integration and localization.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Mitochondrial Matrix Protease ClpP Agonists Inhibit Cancer Stem Cell Function in Breast Cancer Cells by Disrupting Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The effect of ClpP agonist on glutamine-proline axis and proline biosynthesis&lt;/p&gt;
Delayed observation planning in partially observable domains (2012)

Traditional models for planning under uncertainty such as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) or Partially Observable MDPs (POMDPs) assume that the observations about the results of agent actions are instantly available to the agent. In so doing, they are no longer applicable to domains where observations are received with delays caused by temporary unavailability of information (e.g. delayed response of the market to a new product). To that end, we make the following key contributions towards solving Delayed observation POMDPs (D-POMDPs): (i) We first provide an parameterized approximate algorithm for solving D-POMDPs efficiently, with desired accuracy; and (ii) We then propose a policy execution technique that adjusts the policy at run-time to account for the actual realization of observations. We then show the performance of our techniques on POMDP benchmark problems with delayed observations where explicit modeling of delayed observations leads to solutions of superior quality.
Sleep disorders as a cause of motor vehicle collisions. (2013)

Studies have shown that a large proportion of traffic accidents around the world are related to inadequate or disordered sleep. Recent surveys have linked driver fatigue to 16% to 20% of serious highway accidents in the UK, Australia, and Brazil. Fatigue as a result of sleep disorders (especially obstructive sleep apnea), excessive workload and lack of physical and mental rest, have been shown to be major contributing factors in motor vehicle accidents. A number of behavioral, physiological, and psychometric tests are being used increasingly to evaluate the impact of fatigue on driver performance. These include the oculography, polysomnography, actigraphy, the maintenance of wakefulness test, and others. Various strategies have been proposed for preventing or reducing the impact of fatigue on motor vehicle accidents. These have included: Educational programs emphasizing the importance of restorative sleep and the need for drivers to recognize the presence of fatigue symptoms, and to determine when to stop to sleep; The use of exercise to increase alertness and to promote restorative sleep; The use of substances or drugs to promote sleep or alertness (i.e. caffeine, modafinil, melatonin and others), as well as specific sleep disorders treatment; The use of CPAP therapy for reducing excessive sleepiness among drivers who have been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. The evidence cited in this review justifies the call for all efforts to be undertaken that may increase awareness of inadequate sleep as a cause of traffic accidents. It is strongly recommended that, for the purpose of promoting highway safety and saving lives, all disorders that cause excessive sleepiness should be investigated and monitored.
Controlling the Biological Fate of Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acids Using Tunable Polyethylene Glycol Shells (2021)

Liposomal spherical nucleic acids (LSNAs) modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) units are studied in an attempt to understand how the circulation time and biodistribution of the constructs can be manipulated. Specifically, the effect of (1) PEG molecular weight, (2) PEG shell stability, and (3) PEG modification method (PEG in both the core and shell versus PEG in the shell only) on LSNA blood circulation, biodistribution, and in vivo cell internalization in a syngeneic, orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer mouse model is studied. Generally, high PEG molecular weight extends blood circulation lifetime, and a more lipophilic anchor stabilizes the PEG shell and improves circulation and tumor accumulation but at the cost of cell uptake efficiency. The PEGylation strategy has a minor effect on in vitro properties of LSNAs but significantly alters in vivo cell uptake. For example, surface-only PEG in one design contributed to higher in vivo cell internalization than its counterpart with PEG both in the shell and core. Taken together, this work provides guidelines for designing LSNAs that exhibit maximal in vivo cancer cell uptake characteristics in the context of a breast cancer model.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Intraductal Transplantation Models of Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveal Progressive Transition of Molecular Subtypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of IGO- and OGO-derived lesions&lt;/p&gt;
Colour genes (R and Rc) for grain and coleoptile upregulate flavonoid biosynthesis genes in wheat (2005)

Pigmentation of wheat grain and coleoptile is controlled by the R gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 3 and the Rc gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 7, respectively. Each of these genes is inherited monogenically. The pigment of grain has been suggested to be a derivative of catechin-tannin and that of coleoptile to be anthocyanin. These polyphenol compounds are known to be synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We isolated 4 partial nucleotide sequences of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes (CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR) in wheat. The expression of these genes was examined in the developing grain of red-grained and white-grained wheat lines. CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR were highly upregulated in the grain coat tissue of the red-grained lines, whereas there was no significant expression in the white-grained lines. These results indicate that the R gene is involved in the activation of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes. As for coleoptile pigmentation, all 4 genes were expressed in the red coleoptile; however, DFR was not activated in the white coleoptile. The Rc gene appears to be involved in DFR expression. The possibility that wheat R and Rc genes might be transcription factors is discussed.
The structure of aggrecan fragments in human synovial fluid. Evidence for the involvement in osteoarthritis of a novel proteinase which cleaves the Glu 373-Ala 374 bond of the interglobular domain. (1992)

Synovial fluid was collected from patients with recent knee injury and from patients with early or late stage osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate-substituted aggrecan fragments present in these fluids, and in normal bovine synovial fluid, were purified by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation, enzymically deglycosylated and fractionated by gel filtration on Superose-12. Each sample contained two major aggrecan core protein populations with apparent molecular masses of approximately 90 kD and 150 kD. For all samples, NH2-terminal analysis of both populations gave a single major sequence beginning ARGSV. This NH2 terminus results from cleavage of the human aggrecan core protein at the Glu 373-Ala 374 bond within the interglobular domain between the G1 and G2 domains. Cleavage at this site also occurs during control and interleukin-1 stimulated aggrecan catabolism in bovine cartilage explant cultures (Sandy, J., P. Neame, R. Boynton, and C. Flannery. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:8683-8685). These results indicate that the major aggrecan fragments present in both osteoarthritic human synovial fluid and in normal bovine synovial fluid are large, being composed of a short NH2-terminal stretch of the interglobular domain, the G2 domain, the keratan sulfate domain, and variable lengths of the chondroitin sulfate domain(s). We conclude that the release of aggrecan fragments from articular cartilage into the synovial fluid seen at all stages of human osteoarthritis (Lohmander, L. S. 1991. Acta Orthop. Scand. 62:623-632) is promoted by the action of a normal cartilage proteinase which cleaves the Glu 373-Ala 374 bond of the interglobular domain.
Complexity of hierarchically and 1-dimensional periodically specified problems. I: Hardness results (1997)

We study the complexity of various combinatorial problems when instances are speci ed using one of the following succinct speci cations: (1) the 1-dimensional nite periodic narrow speci cations (denoted 1-FPN-speci cations) of Ford et al. and Wanke [FF58, Wa93]; (2) the 1-dimensional nite periodic narrow speci cations with explicit boundary conditions (denoted 1-FPN(BC)-speci cations) of Gale [Ga59]; (3) the 2-way in nite 1-dimensional periodic narrow speci cations (denoted 1-PN-speci cations) of Orlin et al. [Or82a]; and (4) the hierarchical speci cations (denoted L-speci cations) of Lengauer et al. [LW87a]. We present three general types of results. First, we give a polynomial time algorithm that, given a 1-FPNor 1-FPN(BC)-speci cation of a graph (or a CNF formula), constructs a level-restricted L-speci cation of an isomorphic graph (or formula). Second, we prove the PSPACEhardness of several basic CNF satis ability problems when instances are speci ed succinctly using 1-FPN-, 1-FPN(BC)-, 1-PNor L-speci cations. Finally, we use our rst two types of results to prove the PSPACEhardness of a number of basic combinatorial problems when instances are so speci ed. These results along with those in [MH+96] include all the problems shown to be PSPACE-hard for 1-PN-speci cations by Orlin [Or82a] and for L-speci cations by Lengauer and Wagner [LW92]. Our results signi cantly extend the hardness results in [Or82a, Pa94, LW92, Wa93]. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classi cation. 68Q25, 68Q15, 68R10.
Tension superficielle d’alliages liquides ternaires (1974)

Les variations de la tension superficielle d’alliages ternaires liquides en fonction de la composition et de la température sont étudiées à l’aide d’un modèle statistique.
Advanced statistical analysis of empirical performance scaling (2020)

Theoretical running time complexity analysis is a widely adopted method for studying the scaling behaviour of algorithms. However, theoretical analysis remains intractable for many high-performance, heuristic algorithms. Recent advances in statistical methods for empirical running time scaling analysis have shown that many state-of-the-art algorithms can achieve significantly better scaling in practice than expected. However, current techniques have only been successfully applied to study algorithms on randomly generated instance sets, since they require instances that can be grouped into "bins", where each instance in a bin has the same size. In practice, real-world instance sets with this property are rarely available. We introduce a novel method that overcomes this limitation. We apply our method to a broad range of scenarios and demonstrate its effectiveness by revealing new insights into the scaling of several prominent algorithms; e.g., the SAT solver lingeling often appears to achieve sub-polynomial scaling on prominent bounded model checking instances, and the training times of scikit-learn's implementation of SVMs scale as a lower-degree polynomial than expected (≈ 1.51 instead of 2).