gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant-Like Effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan in a Mouse Model of Reserpine-Induced Depression (2018)

Treatment with the antihypertensive agent reserpine depletes monoamine levels, resulting in depression. In the present study, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of <i>Gyejibokryeong-hwan</i> (GBH), a traditional Korean medicine, in a mouse model of reserpine-induced depression. Mice were treated with reserpine (0.5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>, i.p.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, i.p., normal) once daily for 10 days. GBH (50, 100, 300, and 500 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), PBS (normal, control), fluoxetine (FXT, 20 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), or amitriptyline (AMT, 30 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) was administered orally 1 h prior to reserpine treatment. Mouse behavior was examined in the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open-field test (OFT) following completion of the treatment protocol. Administration of GBH reduced immobility time in the FST and TST and significantly increased the total distance traveled in the OFT. Plasma serotonin levels were significantly lower in control mice than in normal mice, although these decreases were significantly attenuated to a similar extent by treatment with GBH, FXT, or AMT. Reserpine-induced increases in plasma corticosterone were also attenuated by GBH treatment. Moreover, GBH attenuated reserpine-induced increases in interleukin- (<i>IL-) 1β, IL-6,</i> and tumor necrosis factor- (<i>TNF-) α</i> mRNA expression in the hippocampus. In addition, GBH mice exhibited increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a higher ratio of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) to CREB (p-CREB/CREB) in the hippocampus. Our results indicated that GBH can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, affect the concentration of mood-related hormones, and help to regulate immune/endocrine dysfunction in mice with reserpine-induced depression, likely via activation of the BDNF-CREB pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that GBH may be effective in treating patients with depression.
Abstract P1-05-20: Fluorescent Hyaluronan Probes Distinguish Heterogeneous Breast Cancer Cell Subsets and Predict their Invasive Behavior (2012)

Abstract Background: Tumor heterogeneity is a determining factor in diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer (Bca). We investigated Bca cellular heterogeneity by a functional fluorescent hyaluronan (HA) probe, and monitored its binding characteristics in relation to the degree of Bca aggression. HA is a polysaccharide ligand for CD44 and RHAMM receptors, which are linked to cell plasticity and predict poor clinical outcome in Bca. Methods: Fluorescent HA probes, multiplexed profiling, and cell sorting strategies were developed and used to detect/capture tumor cell subpopulations with differences in HA binding (HA−/low vs. HAhigh) and HA receptors surface display. Whereas we concentrated on the most metastatic cell line, MDA-MB-231, we also monitored the presence of subpopulations in other Bca lines and showed heterogeneity in all. Results: The HA probe binding was highly heterogeneous, and the highest binding level was detected in highly invasive triple-negative basal subtypes such as MDA-MB-231. HA probes bound to the cell surface but also accumulated in cytoplasm and nucleus. Binding levels were dramatically reduced upon ‘reversion’ of highly malignant cells to a non-malignant phenotype in three-dimensional cultures, suggesting that the level of cellular binding to fluorescent HA probe provides a measure of malignant behavior. Comparison between HAhigh and HA−/low subpopulations revealed surprising differences in morphology, proliferation and invasion in culture, which were retained in two in vivo models. HAhigh subpopulations exhibited higher levels of invasion but surprisingly lower levels of proliferation compared to either unsorted parental cells or the HA−/low subpopulation. Conclusions: Querying HA binding in Bca lines reveals an unexpected heterogeneity with respect to tumor phenotype in vivo, morphology in 3D, invasion and proliferation. These results may aid in diagnosis and therapy of invasive Bca subpopulations and early sorting of cancer patients needing intensive chemotherapy. Keywords: Heterogeneity, 3D cultures, Hyaluronan, CD44, RHAMM/HMMR, Tumor phenotype, Breast cancer, Invasion. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-20.
A biomaterials approach to peripheral nerve repair (2014)

Peripheral nerve injuries are a major clinical problem which currently affect over one million people worldwide. Transection injuries caused by workplace and home injuries, road traffic accidents and by intentional harm lead to debilitating and painful injuries for those afflicted. Treatments are limited and largely ineffective. The patient's own donor nerve (autograft) is the gold standard for repair but this treatment is largely unsuccessful, suffering from limited supply with donor site morbidity and pain. The use of hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) is the current clinically approved alternative. However these have shown limited applicability in the clinic. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to improve and understand the use of these hollow NGCs and attempt to improve functional nerve regeneration using the concept of intraluminal guidance. Intraluminal guidance involves the incorporation of biomaterial structures (in this instance extruded collagen fibres) to replace the natural fibrin cable which forms during repair and guide regenerating axons to their distal targets. An intraluminal collagen fibre conduit was tested across both a non-critical (10 mm) and critical nerve gap (15 mm) in a rat sciatic nerve model for its ability to promote repair. Through sequential studies, it was shown that the incorporation of intraluminal structure reduced the misdirection of regenerating axons during repair and also achieved functional regeneration in a number of parameters similar to that of the gold standard. Additionally, the intraluminal fibre conduit demonstrated the ability to regenerate across, the aforementioned, critical nerve gap (a nerve gap where regeneration is minimal if not absent). Based on these results, a further understanding of the early molecular mechanisms resulting in these beneficial effects was warranted. Using proteomics analysis the effect of the biomaterial used, the incorporation of intraluminal structure and the influence of increasing gap distance were documented. From this understanding, the key molecular components governing the increased nerve regeneration seen in the intraluminal fibre conduit and the robust regeneration seen within autograft were revealed. Based on the conclusions of this study, an intraluminal fibre conduit or a hollow biomaterial conduit may be further functionalised to match the molecular profile of the gold standard for repair.
When Is a Proton Not a Proton? (1998)

In spite of the large number of protonated complexes, their use in catalytic cycles has been little explored. The existing examples suggest that catalytic processes initiated by the protonation of a low-valent metal hold promise for the development of selective, efficient, and atom-economical addition reactions under very mild conditions, if the protonation occurs with weak acids. The acidity required depends upon the basicity of the metal, and the latter can be increased by the use of more electron-rich ligands (see figure).
Weak electron–phonon coupling contributing to high thermoelectric performance in n-type PbSe (2012)

PbSe is a surprisingly good thermoelectric material due, in part, to its low thermal conductivity that had been overestimated in earlier measurements. The thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, can exceed 1 at high temperatures in both p-type and n-type PbSe, similar to that found in PbTe. While the p-type lead chalcogenides (PbSe and PbTe) benefit from the high valley degeneracy (12 or more at high temperature) of the valence band, the n-type versions are limited to a valley degeneracy of 4 in the conduction band. Yet the n-type lead chalcogenides achieve a zT nearly as high as the p-type lead chalcogenides. This effect can be attributed to the weaker electron-phonon coupling (lower deformation potential coefficient) in the conduction band as compared with that in the valence band, which leads to higher mobility of electrons compared to that of holes. This study of PbSe illustrates the importance of the deformation potential coefficient of the charge-carrying band as one of several key parameters to consider for band structure engineering and the search for high performance thermoelectric materials.
Stereo from flickering caustics (2009)

Underwater, natural illumination typically varies strongly temporally and spatially. The reason is that waves on the water surface refract light into the water in a spatiotemporally varying manner. The resulting underwater illumination field is known as underwater caustics or flicker. In past studies, flicker has often been considered to be an undesired effect, which degrades the quality of images. In contrast, in this work, we show that flicker can actually be useful for vision in the underwater domain. Specifically, it solves very simply, accurately, and densely the stereo correspondence problem, irrespective of the object's texture. The temporal radiance variations due to flicker are unique to each object point, thus disambiguating the correspondence, with very simple calculations. This process is further enhanced by compounding the spatial variability in the flicker field. The method is demonstrated by underwater in-situ experiments.
Mobocertinib (TAK-788): A Targeted Inhibitor of EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutants in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2021)

Most <i>EGFR</i> exon 20 insertion (<i>EGFR</i>ex20ins) driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to approved EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). To address the limitations of existing therapies targeting <i>EGFR</i>-mutated NSCLC, mobocertinib (TAK-788), a novel irreversible EGFR TKI, was specifically designed to potently inhibit oncogenic variants containing activating <i>EGFR</i>ex20ins mutations with selectivity over wild-type EGFR. The <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activity of mobocertinib was evaluated in engineered and patient-derived models harboring diverse <i>EGFR</i>ex20ins mutations. Mobocertinib inhibited viability of various EGFRex20ins-driven cell lines more potently than approved EGFR TKIs and demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> antitumor efficacy in patient-derived xenografts and murine orthotopic models. These findings support the ongoing clinical development of mobocertinib for the treatment of <i>EGFR</i>ex20ins-mutated NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: No oral EGFR-targeted therapies are approved for <i>EGFR</i> exon 20 insertion (<i>EGFR</i>ex20ins) mutation-driven NSCLC. Mobocertinib is a novel small-molecule EGFR inhibitor specifically designed to target EGFRex20ins mutants. Preclinical data reported here support the clinical development of mobocertinib in patients with NSCLC with <i>EGFR</i> exon 20 insertion mutations.<i>See related commentary by Pacheco, p. 1617</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601</i>.
Adopting E-Business in Small and Medium Enterprise (2014)

Companies have grown sigificantly due to internet and electronic business (e-business). E- Business has become a part of everyday life for individuals and organizations. E-business systems used to be costly and only large organizations could afford to implement them. The recently developed information technologies including web-based applications have made e-business systems cost effective and easy to implement for medium and small enterprises (SMEs). For the purposes of this paper, a small business is defined to have fewer than 250 employees, and a medium size business is defined to have fewer than 500 employees.
Spatiotemporal regulation of the GPCR activity of BAI3 by C1qL4 and Stabilin-2 controls myoblast fusion (2018)

Myoblast fusion is tightly regulated during development and regeneration of muscle fibers. BAI3 is a receptor that orchestrates myoblast fusion via Elmo/Dock1 signaling, but the mechanisms regulating its activity remain elusive. Here we report that mice lacking BAI3 display small muscle fibers and inefficient muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. We describe two proteins that repress or activate BAI3 in muscle progenitors. We find that the secreted C1q-like1-4 proteins repress fusion by specifically interacting with BAI3. Using a proteomic approach, we identify Stabilin-2 as a protein that interacts with BAI3 and stimulates its fusion promoting activity. We demonstrate that Stabilin-2 activates the GPCR activity of BAI3. The resulting activated heterotrimeric G-proteins contribute to the initial recruitment of Elmo proteins to the membrane, which are then stabilized on BAI3 through a direct interaction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the activity of BAI3 is spatiotemporally regulated by C1qL4 and Stabilin-2 during myoblast fusion.
Supporting aggregation in fine grained software configuration management (2002)

Fine-grained software configuration management offers substantial benefits for large-scale collaborative software development, enabling a variety of interesting and useful features including complexity management, support for aspect-oriented software development, and support for communication and coordination within software engineering teams, as described in [4]. However, fine granularity by itself is not sufficient to achieve these benefits. Most of the benefits of fine granularity result from the ability to combine fine-grained artifacts in various ways: supporting multiple overlapping organizations of program source by combining fine-grained artifacts into virtual source files (VSFs); supporting coordination by allowing developers to precisely mark the set of artifacts affected by a change; associating products from different phases of the development process; etc.In this paper, we describe how a general aggregation mechanism can be used to support the various functionality enabled by fine grained SCM. We present a set of requirements that an aggregation facility must provide in order to yield these benefits, and we provide a description of the implementation of such an aggregation system in our experimental SCM system.
Membrane applications and research in the edible oil industry: An assessment (1990)

Abstract Commercial sources of edible oils and fats include oil‐seeds, fruit pulps, animals and fish. Oilseeds processing typically consists of the following steps: i) seed preparation; ii) solvent extraction of flakes and/or extruded collets; iii) desolventization of the meal;iv) recovery of solvent by distillation; and v) degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorizing of the crude oil. The process consumes large amounts of energy—in the forms of electricity, natural gas and fuel oils—to heat and cool the oil between individual processing steps and to generate high vacuum. Steam requirements for producing edible oil from crude oil range from 2000 to 4000 Btu/lb depending on the type of oil processed. The processing of cottonseed, corn, peanut and soybean oils alone consumes approximately 64.7 trillion Btu/yr of energy in the United States (based on 15.1×10 9 Ib crude oil processed). Electricity requirements for a typical refinery are between 120,000 kWh and 160,000kWh/yr (based on 1400 to 1800 kWh/22,000 Ib crude oil processed/hr). Current membrane separation research, as applied to miscella distillation; vapor recovery; condensate return; wastewater treatment; degumming, refining, and bleaching; hydrogenation catalyst recovery; oilseed proteins; and nitrogen production, is reviewed in this paper. The greatest potential for energy savings of 15 to 21 trillion Btu/yr exists in replacing or supplementing conventional degumming, refining, and bleaching processes. Decreased oil losses and decreased bleaching earth requirements are other potential advantages of membrane processing. Approximately 2 trillion Btu/yr could be saved using a hybrid membrane system to recover solvents in extraction of crude oils. Although marginal success has been reported to date, the development of hexane‐resistant membranes may make this application viable.
Simultaneous Determination of Species-Specific Isotopic Composition of Hg by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Multicollector ICPMS (2008)

This work presents the simultaneous online determination of the isotopic composition of different Hg species in a single sample by the hyphenation of gas chromatography (GC) with multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). With the use of commercially available instrumentation, precise and accurate species-specific Hg isotope delta values (per mil deviation of the Hg isotope ratio in the sample relative to a reference standard) have been obtained online from consecutive GC transient signals. The use of isothermal temperature programs to extend the elution of the Hg species, the proper selection of the peak integration window, as well as the preconcentration of real samples are critical to provide optimal counting statistics. Also, isotope ratio drift during transient signal elution was overcome by introducing a mixed Hg(II) and MeHg standard bracketing scheme and expressing all results using the delta-notation relative to SRM NIST-3133. Using the proposed methodology, we have obtained an external 2SD precision of 0.56 per thousand for delta (202)Hg that is more than 10 times smaller than the overall Hg stable isotope variation thus far observed in terrestrial samples. The measurement of species-specific Hg isotopic composition relative to SRM NIST-3133 has been validated versus two other analytical techniques, i.e., conventional nebulization (CN) of Hg(II) solution and cold vapor (CV) generation of Hg (0) vapor. A good agreement between the species-specific delta values obtained by the different techniques has been obtained in secondary fractionated reference standard (UM-Almaden) and environmental matrixes, i.e., BCR-CRM 464 (tuna fish) and IAEA-085 (human hair). The results show mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionation in environmental samples, i.e., mass-independent fractionation of odd isotopes (199)Hg and (201)Hg in tuna fish was observed. This methodology provides new possibilities for the future study of species-specific stable isotope geochemistry of Hg and other trace metals.
Bio‐Inspired Bright Structurally Colored Colloidal Amorphous Array Enhanced by Controlling Thickness and Black Background (2017)

Inspired by Steller's jay, which displays angle-independent structural colors, angle-independent structurally colored materials are created, which are composed of amorphous arrays of submicrometer-sized fine spherical silica colloidal particles. When the colloidal amorphous arrays are thick, they do not appear colorful but almost white. However, the saturation of the structural color can be increased by (i) appropriately controlling the thickness of the array and (ii) placing the black background substrate. This is similar in the case of the blue feather of Steller's jay. Based on the knowledge gained through the biomimicry of structural colored materials, colloidal amorphous arrays on the surface of a black particle as the core particle are also prepared as colorful photonic pigments. Moreover, a structural color on-off system is successfully built by controlling the background brightness of the colloidal amorphous arrays.
Suppressed Self-Heating in Multi-Finger InP-Based DHBTs with Au Subcollector Fabricated on SiC Substrate by Surface-Activated Bonding (2016)

InP-based multi-finger double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with an Au subcollector were fabricated on a highly-thermal-conductive SiC substrate by surface-activated bonding (SAB). The fabricated DHBTs have good electrical properties without any degradation due to the wafer-bonding process. They also show 68% reduction of thermal resistance ( R th ) compared with a conventional DHBT on an InP substrate. Reduced R th enables us to increase current density while maintaining the junction temperature of DHBTs, which boosts their operating speed and enhances their integration density. Therefore, multi-finger DHBTs on a SiC substrate fabricated by SAB is very useful for reducing IC chip size and increasing the operation speed.
Formation of Functionalized Nanowires by Control of Self‐Assembly Using Multiple Modified Amyloid Peptides (2013)

Abstract Amyloid peptides have great potential as building blocks in the creation of functional nanowires due to their natural ability to self‐assemble into nanofibrillar structures and because they can be easily modified with various functional groups. However, significant modifications of an amyloid peptide generally alter its self‐assembly property, making it difficult to construct functionalized fibrils with a desired structure and function. In this study, a very effective method to overcome this problem is demonstrated by using our structure‐controllable amyloid peptides (SCAPs) terminated with a three‐amino‐acid‐residue cap. The method consists on mixing two or more structurally related amyloid peptides with a fraction of modified SCAPs which co‐assemble into a fibril. This SCAP‐mixing method provides remarkable control over the self‐assembly process both on the small oligomers level and the macroscopic fibrils level. Furthermore, it is shown that the modified peptides imbedded in the resulting fibril can subsequently be functionalized to generate nanowires with the desired properties, highlighting the importance of this SCAP method for nanotechnology applications.
Drugs Acting on DNA Topoisomerases: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives (1999)

DNA-topoisomerases, a family of DNA-processing enzymes, represent the pharmacological target of major clinically useful chemotherapeutic agents. These drugs essentially act by trapping a topoisomerase-DNA cleavable complex, an intermediate in the enzyme s catalytic cycle. Research activity in this field continues to grow exponentially, resulting in a wealth of new information on the functional role and the biochemical and structural properties of the enzymes. In addition, the drug pharmacophores have been further characterized, along with their sequence preferences, and key interactions with the target macromolecules are being unveiled. This review will discuss the recent advances in elucidating the mode of action of DNA-topoisomerases and of topoisomerase-targeted anticancer agents.
Favorable outcome of COVID ‐19 in pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency (2023)

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