gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of iron from host proteins by the group A streptococcus (1996)

To identify mammalian iron-binding proteins that can serve as iron sources for Streptococcus pyogenes, the group A streptococcus (GAS), we used a plate assay. Ferritin, hemin, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and catalase can support growth of GAS on iron-depleted medium. However, growth was not detected when iron was provided as iron-saturated transferrin or lactoferrin or bound to cytochrome c. Therefore, it appears that GAS can use the intracellular iron sources available in the human body, which is consistent with its ability to cause tissue destruction during infection.
Design Within a Patriarchal Society (2018)

This paper examines the opportunities and issues that arise in designing technologies to support low-income rural women in Bangladesh. Through a qualitative, empirical study with 90 participants, we reveal systemic everyday challenges that women face that form the backdrop against which technology design could potentially happen. We discuss how technology is already impacting women's lives, sometimes by reinforcing their subservient role in society and sometimes used tactically by women to gain a measure of agency. The issues raised by our participants concerning technology's place in their lives provide HCI researchers with valuable guidance about what might (or might not) be appropriate to design for them. We also show how prevalent HCI research and design strategies may fit more poorly than expected into rural women's lives, and we discuss possible alternative design directions, and the ethical and pragmatic trade-offs that they entail. Our contribution is not to "solve" the problem of designing for low-income rural women, but to expand the HCI community's understanding of technology design within deeply patriarchal societies.
Amperometric biosensors based on an apparent direct electron transfer between electrodes and immobilized peroxidases. Plenary lecture (1992)

An apparent direct electron transfer between various electrode materials and peroxidases immobilized on the surface of the electrode has been reported in the last few years. An electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide stars at about +600 mV versus a saturated calomel (reference) electrode (SCE) at neutral pH. The efficiency of the electrocatalytic current increases as the applied potential is made more negative and starts to level off at about –200 mV versus SCE. Amperometric biosensors for hydrogen peroxide can be constructed with these types of peroxidase modified electrodes. By co-immobilizing a hydrogen peroxide-producing oxidase with the peroxidase, amperometric biosensors can be made that respond to the substrate of the oxidase within a potential range essentially free of interfering electrochemical reactions. Examples of glucose, alcohol and amino acid sensors are shown.
Interleaved Triangular Current Mode (TCM) resonant transition, single phase PFC rectifier with high efficiency and high power density (2010)

This paper presents a new topology for a highly compact and highly efficient single-phase Power Factor Corrected (PFC) rectifier system. The new topology consists of several interleaved boost stages which operate in a mode called Triangular Current Mode (TCM) in order to simultaneously achieve a high power density as well as a high efficiency. Applying TCM, ZVS is achieved over the full mains period by proper control of the power MOSFETs. The high TCM inductor current ripple is not transferred to the mains as the superposition of all boost cell input currents results in a smooth mains current waveform. Furthermore, one bridge leg operates synchronously to the mains frequency and connects the mains directly to an output rail. This results in very low common mode noise and only a small common mode filter has to be considered. The excellent behavior of this topology also applies to inverter operation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Applications of Nonclassical Molecular Sieve Catalysts (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insight into AGB and post-AGB stellar evolution with FUSE (2004)

FUSE spectroscopy has proved that extremely hot hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars (PG1159 stars) display matter on their surface that usually remains hidden in the region between the H- and He-burning shells of the former AGB star. Hence, the spectral analysis of PG1159 stars allows to study directly the chemistry of this intershell region which is the outcome of complicated burning and mixing processes during AGB evolution. Detailed abundance determinations provide constraints for these processes which are still poorly understood. With FUSE we have discovered high neon and fluorine overabundances. There is also a significant iron deficiency, which may be caused by s-process neutron capture transforming iron into heavier elements.
A Single Overnight Stay After Robotic Partial Nephrectomy Does Not Increase Complications (2019)

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate the feasibility of postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge after robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) and to determine whether a protocol targeting a shorter length of stay (LOS) is associated with any difference in the rate of postoperative complications. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We reviewed a prospectively maintained, multi-institutional database of patients who underwent RPN from September 2013 to September 2016. Three of the six participating surgeons used a protocol that targeted discharge on POD1, whereas three surgeons did not. Patient characteristics and postoperative complication rates between the two groups were compared. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 665 patients were included, 455 of whom were treated by surgeons utilizing a POD1 discharge protocol, whereas 210 were not. The mean LOS for those in the POD1 protocol group was 1.13 days <i>vs</i> 2.02 days in the non-protocol group. Between groups, there were no differences in age (<i>p</i> = 0.098), body mass index (<i>p</i> = 0.164), tumor size (<i>p</i> = 0.502), or R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry score (<i>p</i> = 0.974), but POD1 discharge protocol patients had higher age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score (4 <i>vs</i> 2, <i>p</i> = 0.033), were less likely to have a hilar tumor (15.9% <i>vs</i> 23.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and had a larger percent decrease in discharge estimated glomerular filtration rate (-15.9% <i>vs</i> -7.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There were no differences in the rates of overall (<i>p</i> = 0.715), major (<i>p</i> = 0.164), medical (<i>p</i> = 0.089), or surgical complications (<i>p</i> = 0.301) or in complications by the Clavien-Dindo category (<i>p</i> = 0.13). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Discharge on POD1 after RPN is feasible, reproducible by different surgeons, and not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.
Reply to Zhang and Hei: Mesenchymal Stem Cell–derived Exosomes: Are They Another Therapeutic Method for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation–supported Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? (2020)

We thank Zhang and Hei for their insightful comments on our study of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a sheep model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (1). Their principal thesis is that the adverse interaction that we observed, between MSCs and the membrane oxygenator, may be overcome by substituting MSCs with MSCderived exosomes. This proposal has merit. The MSC secretome has been of interest as a therapeutic for some time, particularly MSCderived extracellular vesicles (2), MSC-derived exosomes (3), and MSC-conditioned media (4). These each offer several theoretical advantages over conventional MSC therapy. First, contents of the secretome do not express major histocompatibility complex antigens, removing concerns about immunogenicity. Second, components of the secretome are, in general, easier to store and less susceptible to the adverse effects of storage on efficacy. Third, components of the MSC secretome are much smaller than the cells from which they are derived and thus less likely to be subject to “trapping” in the pulmonary circulation (5). Recently, an early phase trial of an MSCderived exosome treatment for severe coronavirus disease (COVID19) has been reported with no apparent safety issues (6). However, there are some unresolved issues that should be borne in mind.
Genome-wide CNV analysis reveals variants associated with growth traits in Bos indicus (2016)

This study presents the first CNV-based GWAS of growth traits using high density SNP microarray data in cattle. We detected 17 CNVs significantly associated with seven growth traits and one of them (CNV100) may be involved in growth traits through KCNJ12.
Aspirin Sensitivity (1995)

Aspirin sensitivity is a pseudoallergic adverse drug reaction which may induce severe rhinitis, acute bronchospasm, generalized urticaria, or angioedema occurring within three hours of aspirin or NSAID ingestion. The presentation, prevalence, signs and symptoms, risk factors and management of the reaction are described. Relative risk of reaction with various NSAIDs in aspirin hypersensitive patients are differentiated from those with which cross sensitivity has been reported. Management of aspirin sensitivity is described. Dermatological manifestations also are discussed.
Experimental Results of a Vortex Tube Air Separator for Advanced Space Transportation (2003)

Vortex tubes have the potential to be utilized in a compact air separation system that can extract and liquefy oxygen for many purposes, including onboard propellant generation for rocket vehicles. A theoretical and experimental investigation of the operating conditions of a two-phase flow vortex tube is being carried out to determine means to improve its air separation capabilities. Theoretical modeling indicates vortex tube performance may reach 90% oxygen purity at 90% yield. An experimental program has been initiated to provide calibration data for the theoretical modeling and to investigate the multitudes of factors involved with the vortex tube air separation process. Experiments with vortex tubes having taper angles ranging from 0o to 6o have been carried out with mixed-phase air at flow rates up to 3000 SLM. Oxygen purities of 60% at yields of 20% have been demonstrated in preliminary experiments and some of the essential operating characteristics of a two-phase flow vortex tube have been identified.
Logic-based Formalisms for Statistical Relational Learning (2007)

This chapter provides a selective overview of logic-based approaches to statistical relational learning. Issues of representation, inference, and learning are addressed with an emphasis on representation. A distinction is drawn between “directed” representations with connections to Bayesian nets and “undirected” ones related to Markov nets. Within directed representations a further distinction is made between using conditional probabilities and using logical rules to define probability distributions. Among the formalisms discussed are: the independent choice logic, probabilistic logic programuming, and stochastic logic programs. The PRISM system is used to provide concrete examples of probabilistic inference and parameter estimation. The use of “possible worlds™ to provide semantics is described and its role in connecting differing formalisms is analyzed.
Frontispiece: The Unexpected Base‐Pairing Behavior of Cyanuric Acid in RNA and Ribose versus Cyanuric Acid Induced Helicene Assembly of Nucleic Acids: Implications for the Pre‐RNA Paradigm (2021)

Elementary my dear Helicene: An old-school plastic molecular model of the supramolecular assembly formed by poly-adenosine with cyanuric acid reveals a non-planar spiral helicene structure, held together by alternating Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. In silico molecular model dynamic simulations provide further support suggesting that the helicene structure can accommodate a dyad and/or triad of poly-A strands. The findings have implications for the role of small molecules in nucleic acid-structural reorganization and pre-RNA world paradigms. For more detail see the Full Paper by R. Krishnamurthy et al. on page 4033 ff.
Prion protein prevents heavy metals overloading of cells and thus protects them against their toxicity (2015)

Physiological function of a prion protein (PrP) is not known yet. Regarding the relation of PrP to heavy metals it is known that PrP is able to bind divalent ions of copper, zinc, manganese and nickel through its octarepeat region. It has been hypothesized but not yet confirmed that PrP could play a role in copper metabolism. In this study, cells expressing human full-length PrP (HuPrP1) and PrP-knockout (PrP0/0/1) cells were incubated with various concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and nickel for 4 days and then were assayed for intracellular content of these metals and cell viability. The results showed that HuPrP1 cells accumulated less heavy metals than PrP0/0/1 cells when concentrations of heavy metals exceeded physiological level. In conclusion, HuPrP1 cells are more resistant to chronic overload with copper, manganese, zinc or nickel than PrP0/0/1 cells. The resistance to metals overload is caused solely by the presence of PrP, since HuPrP1 and PrP0/0/1 cells differ only in the expression of PrP. These results indicate that one of the functions of PrP can be the modulation of trace heavy metal concentrations in cells and protection of cells against heavy metals overload and subsequent oxidative stress.
Supported solid and heteropoly acid catalysts for production of biodiesel (2017)

Biodiesel has developed attraction of most researchers recently because of its renewable resources and environmental benefits. Transesterification process in the presence of catalysts is the most common way, which is used for biodiesel production. Heterogeneous acid catalysts are considered more reliable than any other catalysts to carry out most vital reactions related to green chemistry (biodiesel production), because the production of biodiesel from solid acid catalysts is considered economically favorable. Nowadays, biodiesel is preparing from low quality feedstock by using solid acids catalysts in many research laboratory throughout the world. This article discusses how much catalyst shapes affect the efficiency of catalyst during catalysis. Different types of supports (zinc oxide, alumina, zirconia, and silica) are used to increase the efficiency of catalysts. Supported Lewis acid, Brønsted acid, and heteropoly acid catalysts show good efficiency for the catalytic transesterification of oil with alcohol. Heteropoly acid catalysts are tremendous and environment friendly acid catalyst and have ability to tolerate contaminations of oil resources such as water contents and free fatty acids (FFAs) contents. Keggin-type heteropoly acids are easily available and having stable structure while Wells–Dawson-type heteropoly acids are included in super acid class, due to these reasons heteropoly acids are considered as best acidic catalysts for biodiesel production by catalytic transesterification process. Therefore, this review also focused on the deactivation, regeneration and advantages of supported solid acid catalysts used for the catalytic production of biodiesel through transesterification.
Cathepsin L Causes Proteolytic Cleavage of Chinese‐Hamster‐Ovary Cell Expressed Proteins During Processing and Storage: Identification, Characterization, and Mitigation (2018)

A stochastic approach of copurification of the protease Cathepsin L that results in product fragmentation during purification processing and storage is presented. Cathepsin L was identified using mass spectroscopy, characterization of proteolytic activity, and comparison with fragmentation patterns observed using recombinant Cathepsin L. Cathepsin L existed in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture fluids obtained from cell lines expressing different products and cleaved a variety of recombinant proteins including monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and fusion proteins. Therefore, characterization its chromatographic behavior is essential to ensure robust manufacturing and sufficient shelf life. The chromatographic behaviors of Cathepsin L using a variety of techniques including affinity, cation exchange, anion exchange, and mixed mode chromatography were systematically evaluated. Our data demonstrates that copurification of Cathepsin L on nonaffinity modalities is principally because of similar retention on the stationary phase and not through interactions with product. Lastly, Cathespin L exhibits a broad elution profile in cation exchange chromatography (CEX) likely because of its different forms. Affinity purification is free of fragmentation issue, making affinity capture the best mitigation of Cathepsin L. When affinity purification is not feasible, a high pH wash on CEX can effectively remove Cathepsin L but resulted in significant product loss, while anion exchange chromatography operated in flow-through mode does not efficiently remove Cathepsin L. Mixed mode chromatography, using Capto™ adhere in this example, provides robust clearance over wide process parameter range (pH 7.7 ± 0.3 and 100 ± 50 mM NaCl), making it an ideal technique to clear Cathepsin L. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2732, 2019.
Optimal Power Flow in AC/DC Microgrids With Enhanced Interlinking Converter Modeling (2022)

In this article, we propose an optimal power flow (OPF) paradigm for hybrid ac/dc microgrids. A meticulous model of the interlinking converter (IC) is developed and integrated into the OPF problem formulation. The resulting formulation is capable of solving the OPF of ac and dc subgrids in their standalone operations. A computationally efficient parabolic relaxation method transforms the nonconvex OPF model into a convex quadratic-constrained quadratic programming form. A sequential penalization method is applied to the relaxed OPF to achieve feasible solutions for the original formulation. The developed OPF formulation is tested on multiple modified 5-, 14-, 30-, 24-, 118-bus test systems, and a significant reduction in computational time is achieved in comparison with semidefinite programming relaxation. For a sequential penalized ac/dc OPF, the optimal values of both relaxations have a maximum difference of 0.025% for a 5-bus system. Finally, the modified IEEE 14-bus system is emulated in a real-time controller/hardware-in-the-loop setup to validate the proposed framework with continuously varying loads and IC switching status.
Single-Dose Toxicity Study of Hepatic Intra-arterial Infusion of Doxorubicin Coupled to a Novel Magnetically Targeted Drug Carrier (2001)

The toxicity of a single hepatic intra-arterial administration of doxorubicin (DOX) coupled to a magnetically targeted drug carrier (MTC) was evaluated in a swine model. MTC is a microparticle composite of elemental iron and activated carbon. MTC-DOX is a new formulation of doxorubicin absorbed to the MTC and is designed for site-specific delivery to a solid tumor in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. The magnetic field induces extravasation of MTCs through the vascular wall, leading to localization and retention in the tissue at the targeted site. Eighteen swine were assigned to 6 treatment groups, including 3 control groups (vehicle control, doxorubicin, MTC), and 3 experimental groups that received the MTC-DOX preparation. Animals were given a single administration of test article, evaluated over 28 days, and then sacrificed. Signs of toxicity were monitored via clinical status, total body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, and serum chemistries. Angiography was used to determine the extent of any embolization present. There were no adverse effects observed in the DOX-alone group. Biologically significant, treatment-related gross and microscopic lesions were limited to the targeted area of the liver only in groups receiving > or =75 mg of MTC (with or without doxorubicin). The severity of liver necrosis correlated to the severity of embolization following treatment. Doxorubicin was not freely circulating in any of the MTC-DOX groups, suggesting successful localization to the targeted site. The no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be the MTC-DOX low-dose group.
Rat serine dehydratase gene codes for two species of mRNA of which only one is translated into serine dehydratase. (1990)

With the previously obtained rat liver serine dehydratase cDNA (SDH2; Ogawa, H., Miller, D.A., Dunn, T., Su, Y., Burcham, J. M., Peraino, C., Fujioka M., Babcock, K., and Pitot, H. C. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A. 85, 5809-5813) as a probe, we isolated a different species of cDNA (SDH3) from the same cDNA library from which SDH2 was obtained. Nucleotide sequence analysis has indicated that SDH3 has an open reading frame which encodes 327 amino acid residues and which is identical to that of the cDNA obtained by Noda et al. (Noda, C., Ito, K., Nakamura, T., and Ichihara, A., (1988) FEBS Lett. 234, 331-335). Primer extension analysis and RNase protection mapping clarified that the SDH3 mRNA was the major mRNA for serine dehydratase in the liver, and its transcription begins with a T residue located 23 nucleotides down-stream of a TATA-like box. In vitro transcription/translation experiment demonstrated that SDH3 encoded a polypeptide of 35 kDa, a size in agreement with that of the subunit of the purified protein, whereas SDH2, despite having a size larger than SDH3, produced a peptide of much smaller size that reacted with anti-serine dehydratase IgG. SDH2 was found to have a stop codon early in the sequence and is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 8.9 kDa. Also, SDH2 has a 5'-noncoding sequence different from that of SDH3. These results indicate that alternative transcription initiation and different modes of splicing of the primary transcripts of rat serine dehydratase gene result in the formation of two species of mRNA, of which only one is translated into the mature serine dehydratase protein.
Human Ia Antigens -- Purification and Molecular Structure (1977)

The major human histocompatibility complex, HL-A, contains many genes which especially control the expression of cell-surface antigenic determinants, immune-response (Ir) differences, certain complement functions, and probably other functions related to cell-cell recognition (Bodmer 1972; Crumpton and Snary 1977). Among the gene products is a new set of polymorphic serological specificities called Ia (immune-associated) antigens which are expressed on B lymphocytes, but only in trace amounts or not at all on T lymphocytes, and which appear to be the analogs of the mouse Ia antigens (work from various laboratories presented in Histocompatibility Testing 1975 [Kissmeyer-Nielsen 1975]). These antigens probably represent the products of several loci (Mann et al. 1976), some of which show a close association with the HL-A D locus that controls the expression of the major antigenic determinants involved in mixed lymphocyte responses (Bodmer et al. 1976). The D-locus determinants have also been linked genetically to an individual's susceptibility...