gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of in-field bioreactors demonstrate groundwater filtration influences planktonic bacterial community assembly, but not biofilm composition (2018)

Using in-field bioreactors, we investigated the influence of exogenous microorganisms in groundwater planktonic and biofilm microbial communities as part of the Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC). After an acclimation period with source groundwater, bioreactors received either filtered (0.22 μM filter) or unfiltered well groundwater in triplicate and communities were tracked routinely for 23 days after filtration was initiated. To address geochemical influences, the planktonic phase was assayed periodically for protein, organic acids, physico-/geochemical measurements and bacterial community (via 16S rRNA gene sequencing), while biofilms (i.e. microbial growth on sediment coupons) were targeted for bacterial community composition at the completion of the experiment (23 d). Based on Bray-Curtis distance, planktonic bacterial community composition varied temporally and between treatments (filtered, unfiltered bioreactors). Notably, filtration led to an increase in the dominant genus, Zoogloea relative abundance over time within the planktonic community, while remaining relatively constant when unfiltered. At day 23, biofilm communities were more taxonomically and phylogenetically diverse and substantially different from planktonic bacterial communities; however, the biofilm bacterial communities were similar regardless of filtration. These results suggest that although planktonic communities were sensitive to groundwater filtration, bacterial biofilm communities were stable and resistant to filtration. Bioreactors are useful tools in addressing questions pertaining to microbial community assembly and succession. These data provide a first step in understanding how an extrinsic factor, such as a groundwater inoculation and flux of microbial colonizers, impact how microbial communities assemble in environmental systems.
Lack of Prevention of Adhesion Formation Following Tubal Microsurgery in the Rabbit (1987)

The degree of postoperative adhesions after microsurgical excision and reanastomosis of the uterine horn was evaluated in 28 rabbits. In an effort to decrease the postoperastive adhesions, the peritoneal cavity was irrigated with lactated Ringer's solution or lactated Ringer's combined with heparin or cefamandole. Hyskon was added to half of each of these solution groups. There was a decrease in the time of performance of the procedures from 3 hr to 90 min as the surgeons became more familiar with the technique. However, neither the shortened surgery nor any of the pharmaceutical additives had any effect on the degree of adhesions.
Overview: Circuits and Applications (2018)

One of the unique merits of this book lies in its extreme breadth. What begins with materials, must not end with devices, but rather must also span the circuit and system application space. This is particularly so in our field because its success is intimately tied to the uncanny ability of Si-based devices to be integrated, enabling the construction of large systems from many diverse components in a very small space at low cost. This final section provides coverage of this application space; the real world, if you will. In Chapter 4, “SiGe as an Enabler of Wireless Communications Systems,” L. Larson of the University of California at San Diego gives a broad view of the merits of SiGe for emerging wireless communications systems. In Chapter 5, “LNA Optimization Strategies,” by Q. Liang of Georgia Tech, new techniques for improved LNA design are addressed, and Chapter 6, “Linearization Techniques,” by L. de Vreede of the Delft University of Technology, presents a comprehensive view of linearization techniques in devices and circuits. The next three chapters span the RF to millimeter-wave IC space, beginning with Chapter 7, “SiGe MMICs,” by H. Schumacher of the University of Ulm, and then moving up in frequency in Chapter 8, “SiGe Millimeter-Wave ICs,” by J. Luy of DaimlerChrysler, and then down in frequency in Chapter 9, “Wireless Building Blocks Using SiGe HBTs,” by J. Long of the Delft University of Technology. New wireless radio architectures are covered in Chapter 10, “Direct Conversion Architectures for SiGe Radios,” by S. Chakraborty of Georgia Tech. MEMS processing represents an important emerging area in silicon fabrication and applications, and is addressed in Chapter 11, “RF MEMS Techniques in Si/SiGe,” by J. Papapolymerou of Georgia Tech. Future system integration approaches necessarily require robust packaging techniques and even on-board antennae for signal transmission, as addressed in Chapter 12, “Wideband Antennas on Silicon,” by M. Tentzeris of Georgia Tech and Chapter 13, “Packaging Issues for SiGe Circuits,” by K. Lim of Georgia Tech. Finally, in the last three chapters, we take a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in the IC application space. While by definition this view holds only for 2005, a blink of the eye in this dynamic field, it nonetheless provides a nice glimpse of the future, as envisioned by several industry leaders: Chapter 14, “Industry Examples at the State-of-the-Art: IBM,” by D. Friedman of IBM Research; Chapter 15, “Industry Examples at the State-of-the-Art: Hitachi,” by K. Washio of Hitachi, and Chapter 16, “Industry Examples at the State-of-the-Art: ST Microelectronics,” by D. Belot of ST Microlectronics.
Membrane Distillation Desalination System With Gap Circulation and Cooling Using a Built-in Heat Exchanger (2020)

Abstract A comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the performance of a new flux-enhanced compact water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) module design with gap circulation and cooling for water desalination. The new design uses a separate circulation loop to circulate the gap water, and a built-in heat exchanger coil implanted inside the coolant stream channel for cooling the circulated gap water. The WGMD modules with circulation and with circulation and cooling are compared with conventional WGMD without circulation. Variations of distillate flux, temperatures, and energy consumption are presented at different design operating conditions. Circulation and cooling of the gap water greatly enhance the output flux due to gap water motion and increase the temperature difference between membrane surfaces. However, the enhancement in flux was achieved at the expense of energy consumption. Circulation and cooling of gap water are more effective with bigger gap widths. Feed flowrate showed significant effects with gap water circulation and cooling. The electrical specific energy consumption (SEC) showed the best value of 7.9 and 8.8 kWh/m3 at a feed temperature of 70 °C for both conventional WGMD and WGMD with circulation modules, while the best value of SEC for the WGMD module with gap circulation and cooling was 9.4 kWh/m3 at a feed temperature of 80 °C.
System Design Method for a Load Commutated Inverter-Synchronous Motor Drive (1984)

In a thyristorized load commutated inverter synchronous motor drive system, the inverter relies on the back EMF of the synchronous motor to provide the reverse voltage for commutation. The level of the back EMF is a function of both the synchronous motor's field current and rotational speed. The inverter operating frequency is determined by the motor speed and number of pole pairs. For a fixed thyristor firing angle, an increase inmthe level of armature current decreases the available thyristor turn-off time due to overlap of the incoming and outgoing thyristor. This overlap time is a function of the commutating reactance of the synchronous motor. These factors, field current, motor speed, inverter frequency, and armature current, together with a thyristor turnoff time specification, set a maximum limit on the value of motor commutating reactance. The motor designer and inverter designer must perform a tradeoff study of these factors to arrive at a satisfactory drive system. The results are presented of an analysis that allows the synchronous motor reactance to be specified based on the other given parameters of the inverter-synchronous motor drive system. Test data are provided from a 20-kVA 500-1000 Hz load commutated inverter/ inductor type synchronous motor drive system. The effects of motor speed and field excitation on the operating condition of the drive are discussed.
Molecular evolution of the mouse proline-rich protein multigene family. Insertion of a long interspersed repeated DNA element. (1988)

Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in the salivary glands of mice, rats, and hamsters are encoded by tissue-specific inducible multigene families. Mouse PRP genes are located on chromosome 8, and transcription is dramatically induced (about 70-fold) by isoproterenol treatment. Clones containing two nonallelic PRP genes (MP2 and M14) were isolated from cosmid and phage libraries of CD-1 mouse genomic DNA. The cloned regions comprise a contiguous block of 77 kilobase pairs of the mouse genome. Restriction mapping established the physical lineage of PRP genes MP2 and M14, and they are tandemly arrayed. The DNA sequence analysis presented in this report suggests that genes M14 and MP2 (Ann, D. K., and Carlson, D. M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15863-15872) arose via a gene duplication of a common ancestor. Two major differences between M14 and MP2 were observed. PRP gene MP2 has 13 tandemly arrayed 42-nucleotide repeats in exon II, whereas M14 has 17 repeats, and PRP gene M14 has an insertion by transposition of a 2-kilobase pair member of the long interspersed repeated DNA (LINE) family (LIMd) into intron I. The evolution of this PRP multigene family has been dominated by intra-exonic amplification of repeating nucleotide units coding for these and other proline-rich repeated peptides and by gene duplication. The LIMd element gives rise to heterogenous EcoRI, BamHI, and HindIII restriction enzyme patterns, and this insertion is also present in BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J mice.
Wormlike Micelle Formation in Peptide-Lipid Conjugates Driven by Secondary Structure Transformation of the Headgroups (2009)

Wormlike micelles are assemblies of amphiphilic molecules of intermediate mean curvature between spherical micelles and flat bilayer membranes, which often form in solutions of peptide amphiphiles (hydrophilic peptide modules conjugated to hydrophobic subunits). In an effort to better understand the factors controlling peptide amphiphile (PA) micellar shape, we synthetically linked a short peptide with an alpha-helix-forming tendency to a hexadecyl tail. These molecules initially dissolve as spherical micelles, which can persist for hours or days, followed by transformation to wormlike micelles, which occurs simultaneously with a transition in the secondary structure of the headgroup peptides to beta-sheet. This observation provides evidence that the extended micelle is the thermodynamically favored state sought by PA micelles in the process of forming beta-sheet structures among the head-groups, though they are not the structures formed during the initial kinetics of assembly.
Clinico-hemato-biochemical and therapeutic study of canine distemper: a report from north-eastern part of India (2014)

A study was conducted to evaluate clinico-hemato-biochemical parameters and its therapeutic management in ten dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. Hematology revealed normocytic hypochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphopenia with occasional presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies both in RBC and WBC. Plasma biochemistry revealed mild hypoproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia with marked hypoalbuminemia. Prompt diagnosis followed by aggressive therapy helped the animals to recover completely.
General and Local Anesthetic Agents (2020)

This chapter is a comprehensive account of the medicinal chemistry of general and local anesthetic drugs. It provides the mechanism of drug action and details about structure-activity relationships of these drugs for pharmacists. After the study of this chapter, students will be able to: • Select appropriate intravenous general anesthetic therapy based on patient-specific contraindications regarding cardiac and septic status. • Evaluate inhaled general anesthetics about therapeutic regimens based on individual patient characteristics and medical procedures. • Compare and contrast the potency, onset of action, and recovery time of the inhaled anesthetic based on MAC, blood: gas partition coefficients and oil:gas partition coefficients. • Identify chemical metabolites of the inhaled anesthetics that increase the risk of nephron and hepatotoxicity. • Identify the chemical classification to which a local anesthetic belongs based on drug structure. • Select an appropriate local anesthetic for a patient with a specific allergy to PABA. • Communicate the chemical rationale for local anesthetic buffering to health professionals.
A many-body term improves the accuracy of effective potentials based on protein coevolutionary data (2015)

The study of correlated mutations in alignments of homologous proteins proved to be succesful not only in the prediction of their native conformation, but also in the developement of a two-body effective potential between pairs of amino acids. In the present work we extend the effective potential, introducing a many--body term based on the same theoretical framework, making use of a principle of maximum entropy. The extended potential performs better than the two--body one in predicting the energetic effect of 308 mutations in 14 proteins (including membrane proteins). The average value of the parameters of the many-body term correlates with the degree of hydrophobicity of the corresponding residues, suggesting that this term partly reflects the effect of the solvent.
Evidence for Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Solid Medium (1998)

Strong evidence indicating the occurrence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a solid medium was found. Fluorescence reduction due to EIT was observed in solids. The excitation intensity dependence of the fluorescence reduction was found to be consistent with theoretical predictions for EIT. It was experimentally demonstrated that the essential condition for the observation of EIT in solids is that the Rabi frequency of excitation must be larger than the inhomogeneous width of the transition between the two states coupled to the third state by the pair of optical fields.
A Multilevel Intermediate‐Band Solar Cell by InGaN/GaN Quantum Dots with a Strain‐Modulated Structure (2013)

Multiple stacked InGaN/GaN quantum dots are embedded into an InGaN p-n junction to develop multilevel intermediateband (MIB) solar cells. An IB transition is evidenced from both experiment and theoretical calculations. The MIB solar cell shows a wide photovoltaic response from the UV to the near-IR region. This work opens up an interesting opportunity for high-efficiency IB solar cells in the photovoltaics field.
The Carbenoid Dihalotriangulane Rearrangement: A Mechanistic Mystery (2011)

This account focuses on the unprecedented carbenoid ­rearrangement of dihalotriangulanes promoted by treatment with methyllithium. This rearrangement reaction proceeds via a wide variety of intermediates, including carbenoids, carbenes, cations, and organolithium species as well as different halides. Mutual interactions between these intermediates lead to a variety of unusual rearrangement products. The scope and limitations of the unusual dihalotriangulane rearrangement are outlined and some surprising mechanistic features of the reaction are discussed.
Low computational complexity control of a three-phases open-windings AC brushless motor (2016)

The computational complexity of a modulating control is always one of the biggest limitation in the real control of brushless motor. This paper presents a low computational complexity control for a three phases open-windings AC brushless motor. The control strategy is based on a modified version of the D-Q frame: this solution allows to exploit the motor control libraries, already available on some motor control microprocessors. The PWM is generated in accordance to a novel algorithm based on a combination of two standard SVM algorithms, one for each inverter. The current controller has been tested on a real open-windings motor, installed as an active vibrations damper for aerospace applications. The experiments demonstrate the good quality of the current tracking and the high efficiency of the inverter, controlled with the proposed approach.
Metalation of Cumene1 (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalation of Cumene1AVERY A. MORTON and EDWARD J. LANPHERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 11, 1636–1638Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01105a014Request reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (400 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Archaeal Diversity and the Prevalence of Crenarchaeota in Salt Marsh Sediments (2009)

Crenarchaeal 16S rRNA sequences constituted over 70% of the archaeal clones recovered from three salt marsh sites dominated by different grasses. Group I.1a Crenarchaeota dominated at two sites, while group I.3b Crenarchaeota sequences were most abundant at a third site. Abundances of 16S rRNA genes related to "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus" differed by site and sampling date.
Urea hydrolysis by immobilized urease in a fixed‐bed reactor: Analysis and kinetic parameter estimation (1989)

Urea hydrolysis by urease immobilized onto ion exchange resins in a fixed-bed reactor has been studied. A modified Michaelis-Menten rate expression is used to describe the pH-dependent, substrate- and product-inhibited kinetics. Ionic equilibria of product and buffer species are included to account for pH changes generated by reaction. An isothermal, heterogeneous plug-flow reactor model has been developed. An effectiveness factor is used to describe the reaction-diffusion process within the particle phase. The procedure for covalent immobilization of urease onto macroporous cation exchangers is described. Urea conversion data are used to estimate kinetic parameters by a simplex optimization method. The best-fitted parameters are then used to predict the outlet conversions and pH values for systems with various inlet pH values, inlet urea and ammonia concentrations, buffers, particle sizes, and spacetimes. Very good agreement is obtained between experimental data and model predictions. This immobilized urease system exhibits quite different kinetic behavior from soluble urease because the pH near the enzyme active sites is different from that of the pore fluid. This effect results in a shift of the optimal pH value of the V(max) (pH) curve from 6.6 (soluble urease) to ca. 7.6 in dialysate solution, and ca. pH 8.0 in 20mM phosphate buffer. The reactor model is especially useful for estimating intrinsic kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes and for designing urea removal columns.
Mfn2 deletion in brown adipose tissue protects from insulin resistance and impairs thermogenesis (2017)

BAT-controlled thermogenic activity is thought to be required for its capacity to prevent the development of insulin resistance. This hypothesis predicts that mediators of thermogenesis may help prevent diet-induced insulin resistance. We report that the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in BAT is essential for cold-stimulated thermogenesis, but promotes insulin resistance in obese mice. Mfn2 deletion in mice through Ucp1-cre (BAT-Mfn2-KO) causes BAT lipohypertrophy and cold intolerance. Surprisingly however, deletion of Mfn2 in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) results in improved insulin sensitivity and resistance to obesity, while impaired cold-stimulated thermogenesis is maintained. Improvement in insulin sensitivity is associated with a gender-specific remodeling of BAT mitochondrial function. In females, BAT mitochondria increase their efficiency for ATP-synthesizing fat oxidation, whereas in BAT from males, complex I-driven respiration is decreased and glycolytic capacity is increased. Thus, BAT adaptation to obesity is regulated by Mfn2 and with BAT-Mfn2 absent, BAT contribution to prevention of insulin resistance is independent and inversely correlated to whole-body cold-stimulated thermogenesis.
Ultrastructural Study of the Skin after Facial Chemical Peels and the Effect of Moisturization on Wound Healing (1998)

For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on medicolegal issues. The cosmetic section provides expanded coverage on new procedures and techniques.
Distinct roles for ANG II and ANG-(1–7) in the regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in rat astrocytes (2005)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE that preferentially forms angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] from angiotensin II (ANG II). Incubation of neonatal rat cerebellar or medullary astrocytes with ANG II reduced ACE2 mRNA by approximately 60%, suggesting transcriptional regulation of the enzyme. In contrast, ANG II had no effect on ACE mRNA in astrocytes isolated from either brain region, demonstrating a differential regulation of the two enzymes by ANG II. The ANG II-mediated reduction in ACE2 mRNA was blocked by the angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists losartan or valsartan; the angiotensin type 2 (AT(2)) antagonist PD123319 was ineffective. The reduction in ACE2 mRNA by ANG II also was associated with a 50% decrease in cerebellar and medullary ACE2 protein, which was blocked by losartan. Treatment of medullary astrocytes with ANG-(1-7), the product of ACE2 hydrolysis of ANG II, did not affect ACE2 mRNA; however, ANG-(1-7) prevented the ANG II-mediated reduction in ACE2 mRNA. The addition of [d-Ala(7)]-ANG-(1-7), a selective AT((1-7)) receptor antagonist, blocked the inhibitory actions of ANG-(1-7). These data are the first to demonstrate transcriptional regulation of ACE2 by ANG II and ANG-(1-7). Because ACE2 preferentially converts ANG II to ANG-(1-7), downregulation of the enzyme by ANG II constitutes a novel positive feed-forward system within the brain that may favor ANG II-mediated neural responses. Furthermore, the modulatory role of ANG-(1-7) in the transcriptional regulation of ACE2 by ANG II suggests a complex interplay between these peptides that is mediated by distinct receptor systems.