gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Protein 70 Neutralizes Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (2001)

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is the physiological process responsible for the demise of superfluous, aged, damaged, mutated, and ectopic cells. Its normal function is essential both for embryonic development and for maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Deficient apoptosis participates in cancerogenesis, whereas excessive apoptosis leads to unwarranted cell loss accounting for disparate diseases including neurodegeneration and AIDS. One critical step in the process of apoptosis consists in the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes, leading to the release of proteins which normally are secluded behind the outer mitochondrial membrane. For example, cytochrome c, which is normally confined to the mitochondrial intermembrane space, is liberated from mitochondria and interacts with a cytosolic protein, Apaf-1, causing its oligomerization and constitution of the so-called apoptosome, a protein complex which activates a specific class of cysteine proteases, the caspases[2]. Another example concerns the so-called apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), another mitochondrial intermembrane protein which can translocate to the nucleus where it induces chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation.
An evaluation of the introduction of stable nuclides of bromine into high specific activity radiobrominations (1984)

Abstract An investigation has been carried out to evaluate the quantity of stable nuclides of bromine that might be introduced into the reaction mixtures of high specific activity radiobrominations from the reagents used. In the investigation neutron activation analyses were performed on the radionuclide solutions, solvents, oxidizing agents, and substrates that have been used in radiobromination reactions to determine the concentrations of bromine present. All of the reagents examined had detectable quantities of bromine. Among the reagents, a large variation in the concentrations of bromine was found. Due to the quantities of bromine found and the variability of bromine concentrations in the reagents, it is suggested that the reagents used in high specific activity radiobrominations be analyzed for bromine.
Voting-based separation of diffuse and specular pixels (2004)

A fast and efficient algorithm to separate diffuse and specular pixels in a single image without explicit colour segmentation or any prior information is proposed. It is applicable to highly textured objects/scenes under arbitrary illumination conditions. Experimental results show accurate separation results for natural images.
Defibrillation of soft porous metal-organic frameworks with electric fields (2017)

Gas transport through metal-organic framework membranes (MOFs) was switched in situ by applying an external electric field (E-field). The switching of gas permeation upon E-field polarization could be explained by the structural transformation of the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8 into polymorphs with more rigid lattices. Permeation measurements under a direct-current E-field poling of 500 volts per millimeter showed reversibly controlled switching of the ZIF-8 into polar polymorphs, which was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and ab initio calculations. The stiffening of the lattice causes a reduction in gas transport through the membrane and sharpens the molecular sieving capability. Dielectric spectroscopy, polarization, and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealed low-frequency resonances of ZIF-8 that we attribute to lattice flexibility and linker movement. Upon E-field polarization, we observed a defibrillation of the different lattice motions.
Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Distribution in Welds of Structural Materials for Pressure Vessels (2012)

In order to predict and prevent cold cracking in welds in structural materials used in pressure vessels, the hydrogen distribution in the welds used to join stainless steel clad Cr-Mo steels, stainless steel overlay Cr-Mo steels and A533B steel was calculated in this study. In the calculation methods employed in this study, the diffusion and concentration of hydrogen in the welds was calculated using the diffusion equation based on activity considering the hardness and stress distributions, as well as the dependence on temperature for hydrogen diffusion coefficient. The diffusion and concentration behavior of hydrogen during welding, post weld heat treatment (PWHT) processing can be simulated using the calculation methods applied in this study. From the comparison between calculated and the experimental results of cold cracking tests such as the y-shape cold cracking test, cracking was prominently observed in the heat affected zone (HAZ), when the hydrogen content and residual stresses were over certain critical values. Based on the results of this analysis, it was suggested that it is possible to use this simulation method to predict the optimal hydrogen removal heat treatment conditions for these materials.
Neutral detergent fiber concentration of corn silage and rumen inert bulk influences dry matter intake and ruminal digesta kinetics of growing steers2 (2002)

Corn silage with high NDF concentration has the potential to reduce DMI because it has a greater filling effect in the rumen than low-NDF corn silage. Our objective was to determine whether ruminal fill influences DMI to the same extent with low- or high-NDF corn silage-based diets. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (198 +/- 13 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 16-d periods. Treatments were diets containing corn silage from a normal hybrid (low-fiber; LF) or its male-sterile isogenic counterpart (high-fiber; HF), offered for ad libitum consumption to steers with or without rumen inert bulk (RIB). The LF and HF diets contained 33.8 and 50.8% dietary NDF, respectively. Rumen inert bulk was added at 25% of pretrial ruminal volume in the form of plastic-coated tennis balls filled with sand to achieve a specific gravity of 1.1 and a total volume of 7.5 L. No fiber level x inert bulk interactions were detected for DMI or NDF intake (P > 0.10), suggesting that DMI was limited to the same extent by physical fill at both levels of dietary fiber. Addition of RIB decreased DMI by an average of 10.7%, which was 65.5 g/L of added bulk. The HF diet depressed DMI by an average of 15.5%, increased NDF intake 27.1%, and reduced ruminal NDF turnover time by 21.0% compared to the LF diet (P < 0.01), with no effect on ruminal volume or amount of NDF in the rumen (P > 0.10). Addition of RIB also reduced ruminal NDF turnover time and amount of NDF in the rumen (11.8% and 20.7%, respectively; P < 0.01), with no change in ruminal digesta volume (P > 0.10). The HF treatment decreased digestibility of DM and GE (5.5 and 5.7%, respectively; P < 0.01) but increased NDF digestibility (10.4%; P < 0.01) compared to LF. Rumen inert bulk had no effect on digestibility of DM, NDF, or GE (P > 0.10). The lack of reduction in digesta volume with addition of inert fill suggests that DMI of light-weight steers receiving corn silage-based diets within a wide range of NDF concentrations was not regulated by ruminal distension alone.
Application of ProteinChip Array Profiling in Serum Biomarker Discovery for Patients Suffering From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2007)

A new strain of coronavirus has caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from 2002 to 2003 resulting in 774 deaths worldwide. By protein chip array profiling technology, a number of serum biomarkers that might be useful in monitoring the clinical course of SARS patients were identified. This book chapter describes how the protein chip array profiling was carried out for this study. Briefly, SARS patients' serum samples were first fractionated in Q Ceramic HyperD ion exchange sorbent beads by buffers at different pH. Serum protein fractions thus obtained were then bound onto a copper (II) immobilized metal affinity capture (IMAC30 Cu [II]) ProteinChip Array or a weak cation-exchange (CM10) ProteinChip Array. After washing and addition of sinapinic acid, the chips were read in a Protein Biological System (PBS) IIc mass spectrometer. Ions were generated by laser shots and flied in a time of flight mode to the ion detector according to their mass over charge (m/z) ratio. The serum profiling spectra in SARS patients were acquired, baseline subtracted and analyzed in parallel with those from the control subjects by Ciphergen ProteinChip Software 3.0.2 with their peak intensities compared by a nonparametric two sample Mann-Whitney-U test. More than twelve peaks were differentially expressed in SARS patients with one at m/z of 11,695 (later identified to be serum amyloid A protein), which had increase in peak intensity correlating with the extent of SARS-coronavirus induced pneumonia as defined by a serial chest X-ray opacity score. The remaining biomarkers could also be useful in the study of other clinical parameters in SARS patients.
Estimation of Machinability for Super Heat-resistant Alloys Inconel 600 in Turning Process (2011)

Recently, super heat-resistant alloy Inconel 600 come into spotlight as the material of airplane parts but this material causes lots of problems that is, reduction of machinability and attritious wear and breakage of cutting tool during turning processing due to high temperature strength and cohesion between tool material and Inconel 600. Therefore, in this study, it was purposed to determine tool material kind and to select of proper cutting range when turning process was carried out for Inconel 600. In order to these Purpose, coated carbide tool and ceramic tool was used in this experiment and the machinability of Inconel 600 was investigated from perspective of the cutting force, chipping and wear of tool and deposition phenomenon of chip.
Caractérisation d'écaillage en phase de rodage sur tribomètre de type bi-disque (2012)

International audience
Autoimmune perspective of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: cytokines as therapeutic targets (2003)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is believed to be an autoimmune disorder characterized by specific and progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells. Macrophages and dendritic cells are the first to invade the pancreas. These cells recognize beta cell autoantigens and then present to CD4 + T helper (Th) cells. CD4 + T cells are, in turn, documented to activate CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and macrophages. The activated CD8 + T cells and macrophages may serve as final effectors to destroy beta cells. Cytokines are important mediators secreted by these immune cells involved in beta cell destruction and thus may serve as attractive therapeutic target sites. Several cytokine-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies directed against cytokines or their receptors, soluble cytokine receptors and cytokine receptor antagonists, which can block the production/action of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-y) may be investigated. Immunostimulatory agents directed at specific augmentation of Th2 subset (IL-4, IL-10) or Th3 subset (TGF-β) of CD4 + Th cells may also offer an alternative approach.
Deuteration of 2-methylnaphthalene and eugenol in supercritical and pressurised hot deuterium oxide (2003)

The dramatic changes in the properties of water (e.g. density, relative permittivity, ionic product) near its critical point make high temperature water an attractive reaction medium in place of organic solvents. The suitability of deuterium oxide (D2O) at high temperatures (200–450 °C) for the deuteration of eugenol and 2-methylnaphthalene was studied in this work. Deuteration was performed with pure D2O and with D2O containing several acid, base, salt and metal catalysts. As well, deuterium chloride and sodium deuteroxide were tested as catalysts. Reactions were carried out in batch-type reactors made of stainless steel or Hastelloy® C-22. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the determination of reaction products. With 2-methylnaphthalene deuteration efficiencies were as high as 100% at 450 °C. Reactions with NaOH, NaOD and Na2CO3 catalysts produced most repeatable results (in the best conditions RSD<5%). In the case of eugenol, relatively good deuteration efficiency was achieved at lower temperatures, with use of D2O alone, without any catalyst. With both compounds, small amounts of by-products were occasionally detected in the total ion chromatogram of GC-MS.
Advanced Digestive Endoscopy: Practice and Safety (2008)

List of contributors. 1 Overview: Peter B. Cotton (Medical University of South Carolina). 2 Design and management of gastrointestinal endoscopy units: Bret T. Petersen (Mayo Clinic) and Beverly Ott (Endoscopy Systems Coordinator, Mayo Clinic). 3 Sedation, analgesia, and monitoring for endoscopy: John J. Vargo (Cleveland Clinic Foundation). 4 Endoscopic equipment: Gregory G. Ginsberg (Gastroenterology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania). 5 Digital documentation in endoscopy: Lars Aabakken (Department of Medicine, Rikshospitalet). 6 Principles of electrosurgery, laser, and argon plasma coagulation with particular regard to endoscopy:. Guenter Farin (Kapellenweg 9) and Karl E.Grund (Center for Medical Research, Eberhard-Karls University, University Hospital Tuebingen). 7 Infection control in endoscopy: Alistair Cowen (Royal Brisbane Hospital) and Dianne Jones (Logan Hospital). 8 Risks, prevention, and management: Peter B. Cotton (Medical University of South Carolina). 9 Pathology: David N. Lewin (Medical University of South Carolina). 10 Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: Jonathan S. Evans (Nemours Childrens Clinic, Division of Pediatric GI & Nutrition) and Lori Mahajan (Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital). 11 Training and credentialing in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Jonathan Cohen. 12 Towards excellence and accountability: Peter B. Cotton (Medical University of South Carolina) and Roland Valori (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital). Index
Description and simulation of a fast packet switch architecture for communication satellites (1996)

The NASA Lewis Research Center has been developing the architecture for a multichannel communications signal processing satellite (MCSPS) as part of a flexible, low-cost meshed-VSAT (very small aperture terminal) network. The MCSPS architecture is based on a multifrequency, time-division-multiple-access (MF-TDMA) uplink and a time-division multiplex (TDM) downlink. There are eight uplink MF-TDMA beams, and eight downlink TDM beams, with eight downlink dwells per beam. The information-switching processor, which decodes, stores, and transmits each packet of user data to the appropriate downlink dwell onboard the satellite, has been fully described by using VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated-Circuit) Hardware Description Language (VHDL). This VHDL code, which was developed in-house to simulate the information switching processor, showed that the architecture is both feasible and viable. This paper describes a shared-memory-per-beam architecture, its VHDL implementation, and the simulation efforts.
Protein truncation test of LYST reveals heterogenous mutations in patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. (2000)

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which an immune deficiency occurs in association with pigmentation abnormalities. Most patients who do not undergo bone marrow transplantation die of a lymphoproliferative syndrome, though some patients with CHS have a relatively milder clinical course of the disease. The large size of the LYST gene, defective in CHS, has made it difficult to screen for mutations in a large number of patients. Only 8 mutations have been identified so far, and all lead to a truncated LYST protein. We conducted protein truncation tests on this gene in 8 patients with CHS. Different LYST mutations were identified in all subjects through this approach, strengthening the observation of a high frequency of truncated LYST proteins as the genetic cause of CHS.
The Solubility and Three-Dimensional Structure of Asphaltenes (1998)

ABSTRACT The tendency of the asphaltenes to form aggregates in hydrocarbon solution is one of their most characteristic features and has tended to complicate the determination of the structure of petroleum In addition, if the composition and properties of the precipitated asphaltenes reflect those of the micelles in solution, the latter should be considered as mixed micelles. This is a reasonable assumption in view of the large quantities of soluble resins found in the precipitated solid Empirical observations indicate that the resins play an important role in stabilizing asphaltenes in crude oil and under unfavorable solvent conditions the asphaltene species are prone to further aggregation into clusters that are unstable and precipitate from the crude oil. It is also suggested that the resins and the asphaltenes from a particular crude oil have points of structural similarity relative to the asphaltenes and resins from another crude oil. On a more localized scale, i.e. in one particular crude oil there are also structural differences within the constituents of asphaltenes and structural differences within the constituents of the resins are also anticipated Therefore, the structure of the micelles within any one crude oil must be expected to be varied and non-homogenous. From the evidence cited herein, it follows that the potential for graphite-type stacking by the asphaltene molecules in the center of a micelle might not be as great as the potential for the micelles forming by asphaltene-resin interactions rather than by asphaltene-asphaltene interactions
Targeted Drug Delivery by Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin: Mechanism-Based Mathematical Model for Treatment Strategy Improvement and Therapy Individualization (2011)

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a chemotherapy-conjugated anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody effective in some patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The optimal treatment schedule and optimal timing of GO administration relative to other agents remains unknown. Conventional pharmacokinetic analysis has been of limited insight for the schedule optimization. We developed a mechanism-based mathematical model and employed it to analyze the time-course of free and GO-bound CD33 molecules on the lekemic blasts in individual AML patients treated with GO. We calculated expected intravascular drug exposure (I-AUC) as a surrogate marker for the response to the drug. A high CD33 production rate and low drug efflux were the most important determinants of high I-AUC, characterizing patients with favorable pharmacokinetic profile and, hence, improved response. I-AUC was insensitive to other studied parameters within biologically relevant ranges, including internalization rate and dissociation constant. Our computations suggested that even moderate blast burden reduction prior to drug administration enables lowering of GO doses without significantly compromising intracellular drug exposure. These findings indicate that GO may optimally be used after cyto-reductive chemotherapy, rather than before, or concomitantly with it, and that GO efficacy can be maintained by dose reduction to 6 mg/m(2) and a dosing interval of 7 days. Model predictions are validated by comparison with the results of EORTC-GIMEMA AML19 clinical trial, where two different GO schedules were administered. We suggest that incorporation of our results in clinical practice can serve identification of the subpopulation of elderly patients who can benefit most of the GO treatment and enable return of the currently suspended drug to clinic.
PGC-1.ALPHA. Gly482Ser Polymorphism Is Associated with the Plasma Adiponectin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Men (2008)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a multifunctional transcriptional regulator for the pathways controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Genetic studies have suggested that Gly482Ser polymorphism of the PGC-1alpha gene is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Adiponectin is an antidiabetic and antiatherogenic adipocytokine that is specifically produced by adipose tissue, and the transcription of the adiponectin gene is regulated by PPARgamma. In this study, we examined the effect of Gly482Ser polymorphism on the plasma adiponectin level in Japanese type 2 diabetics. The Gly482Ser genotype was associated with a lower plasma adiponectin level in type 2 diabetic men, but not in type 2 diabetic women. The impact of this variation on the adiponectin promoter was also assessed by a reporter gene assay, but there was no significant difference between activation by the wild type and Gly482Ser- PGC-1alpha proteins, indicating that this variation itself has no functional effect. Evaluation of the pattern of linkage disequilibrium revealed that the Gly482Ser polymorphism is located in the largest linkage disequilibrium block of the PGC-1alpha gene. Therefore the observed gender-specific association between PGC-1alpha and the plasma adiponectin level may reflect linkage disequilibrium of Gly482Ser polymorphism with other causative variations.
Parabolized Stability Equation Models for Turbulent Jets and Their Radiated Sound (2009)

In this paper we present several refinements to a wave-packet model of sound generation from large-scale turbulence.We examine heated and unheated jets at Mach numbers of 0.5 and 0.9.Pressure fluctuations associated with large-scale structures are modeled with the Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) for linear disturbances to the turbulent mean-flow.We show that PSE provides better agreement with near-field microphone-array data at low frequencies than previous models based on linear stability theory.We examine the extent to which microphone data is contaminated by fluctuations uncorrelated with largescale structures.By filtering out the uncorrelated fluctuations, via the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), better agreement between data and theory is obtained.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Clld7, A Candidate Tumor Suppressor on Chromosome 13q14, Regulates Pathways of DNA Damage/Repair and Apoptosis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Clld7, A Candidate Tumor Suppressor on Chromosome 13q14, Regulates Pathways of DNA Damage/Repair and Apoptosis
Overdensity of i'-Dropout Galaxies in the Subaru Deep Field: A Candidate Protocluster at z ~ 6 (2008)

We investigate the sky distribution of z ~ 6 Lyman break galaxies selected as i'-dropouts having i' - z' &gt; 1.45 down to z' &lt; 26.5 in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF). We discover 37 i'-dropouts clustered in a projected comoving 21.6 x 21.6 Mpc^2 region at z = 6, showing a local density excess. Carrying out follow-up spectroscopy, we identify four of them as Lyman-alpha emitters at z = 5.92, 6.01, 6.03 and 6.03 (spread over a distance of 46.6 Mpc). The number density of the cluster itself in SDF is ~ 2.2 x 10^{-7} Mpc^{-3}, smaller than those of protoclusters (i.e., forming galaxy clusters) at z ~ 2-5.7. Also, the structure shows ~4-21 times larger galaxy number density than those of z ~ 6 galaxies in a general field. It has a mass of M ~ 1.5^{+1.8}_{-0.5} x 10^{15}M_sun, comparable to those of z ~ 0-5 protoclusters. Since the contamination of our sample by interlopers is estimated to be quite low, 5.9%, most of the other unconfirmed i'-dropouts in the overdense region can be also z ~ 6 galaxies. Hence, it could be a candidate forming cluster at z ~ 6, representing a progenitor of galaxy clusters seen in the recent-day Universe.
Chronic respiratory diseases are predictors of severe outcome in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a nationwide study (2021)

Patients with prior respiratory diseases were globally less likely to be hospitalised for COVID-19 than for influenza, but were at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and had a higher mortality rate compared with influenza patients and patients without a history of respiratory illness.