gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Calculation of Roll Force and Torque in Cold Strip Rolling with Tensions (1948)

From an approximate theory, equations are derived for roll force and torque with and without front and back tensions applied to the strip. Where tensions are applied the calculations for each pass take about an hour; without tensions, and with the use of curves given in this paper, they can be carried out in ten minutes. The accuracy of the calculations without tensions is within about 15 per cent. At the end of the paper there is a discussion of the energy relationships in rolling. At present this should be considered as speculative in character.
Quantitative, Rapid Europium(III) Nanoparticle-Label-Based All-in-One Dry-Reagent Immunoassay for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (2004)

Long-lifetime fluorescent europium(III) chelate nanoparticles have been shown to be applicable as labels in various heterogeneous and homogeneous immunoassays. Assay performance can be improved when these intrinsically labeled nanoparticles are used in combination with time-resolved fluorescence detection. In several previous publications, we have shown the potential of nanoparticle labels in different assay applications. In heterogeneous assays, the dynamic range of assays at low concentrations can be extended (1)(2)(3). Furthermore, the kinetic characteristics of assays can be improved by use of detection antibody-coated high-specific-activity nanoparticle labels instead of conventionally labeled detection antibodies (4). In homogeneous assays, europium(III) nanoparticles have been shown to be efficient donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer, enabling simple and rapid high-throughput screening (5). Heterogeneous and homogeneous nanoparticle-label-based assays can be run with various sample matrixes, e.g., serum (3), heparin plasma (3), and mucus (S. Huopalahti, A. Valanne, T. Soukka, R. Vainionpaa, T. Lovgren, and H. Harma, University of Turku, unpublished data).

In the present work we describe a kinetic, heterogeneous, one-step immunoassay application in which europium(III) nanoparticle labels are used in an all-in-one dry-reagent format (Aio!™) (6) to produce a simple, rapid, and sensitive sandwich-type assay for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Conventionally, the Aio! technology is based on the europium(III) chelate label, but in the present …
On the Advent of Solar Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules in Crop Cultivation Environments (2022)

Energy is a crucial component of the agri-food sector since almost 30% of the world's energy is consumed by this sector. Under such circumstances, the employment of renewable energies can be a sustainable solution to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts as consequences of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the agri-food supply chain. Generation of electricity using photovoltaic (PV) technology to supply the power demand of the agriculture and food production sectors requires large areas of land. To solve this problem, the co-generation of solar PV electricity and crop production (agrivoltaic concept) is expected to relieve this restriction. An emerging agrivoltaic technology is the installation of concentrating PV (CPV) systems in crop cultivation environments to both provide the power demand and produce food on the same land. This study presents an overview of agrivoltaic systems and CPV technology with a special focus on the advent of CPV modules in agricultural environments. In this case, the main benefits and challenges of this technology are presented and discussed.
Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity: Protocol Description (2014)

The ULSCO cohort serves as an important resource in defining and understanding factors contributing to childhood obesity and development of obesity-related diseases. Given the comprehensive characterization of the cohort, factors contributing to disease development and progression can be identified. Such factors are further evaluated for their mechanistic role and significance, and noncommunicable metabolic diseases are especially addressed and considered.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability in the Radiologic Assessment of Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2017)

The Burkus classification system was classified as most reliable in this, but showed only moderate interobserver agreement. Therefore, the need for a more reliable classification system for the radiographic assessment of lumbar interbody fusion still exists to date.
Alternate thermal control coolant fluid investigation for the NASA Space Transportation System (1983)

Although Freon 21 has been assumed to be the coolant fluid for both the Space Shuttle Orbiter's primary heat rejection system and Spacelab's pallet heat transport loop, the fluid's supplier has considered stopping its production. This fact, together with the recent determination that maximum allowable toxicity levels must be reduced by a factor of 100, has prompted NASA's present investigation of a Freon 21 replacement which would provide comparable heat transport/rejection capability without requiring the redesign of existing hardware. Systems performance was analytically evaluated for many fluids, together with tests establishing material compatibility with alternate fluids and the character of any synergistic effects. Test results have indicated that Freon 114 is a viable alternative for some of the systems in question.
Characterization of androgen receptors in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene-induced and transplantable rat mammary tumors. (1978)

Abstract Androgen receptors have been documented and characterized in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor and in a series of transplantable rat mammary tumors, (MTW-9A, MTW-9B, and MTW-9D). In all cases specific binding of [ 3 H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to tumor cytosol was saturable, and Scatchard analysis showed a single class of high-affinity, low-capacity binding sites. Bound [ 3 H]DHT sedimented at ∼7S in sucrose gradients and was completely displaced by cold DHT. By means of competition studies, the androgen receptor in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene tumor could be distinguished from that for other steroid hormones. Neither dexamethasone nor cortisol competed for DHT binding, indicating that binding was not to the glucocorticoid receptor or to the cortisol-binding globulin of serum. Estradiol, however, was an excellent competitor, but because diethylstilbestrol did not compete for [ 3 H]DHT binding, the androgen receptor could be distinguished from the estrogen receptor. Although testosterone has been shown to cause regression of the estrogen-dependent 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene tumor, the estrogen-independent MTW-9B and MTW-9D tumors did not regress following androgen therapy, and the growth of the MTW-9B was actually slightly enhanced. This suggests that the pharmacological effects of androgen in mediating tumor regression may require a functional estrogen receptor and that the androgen receptor may render the tumor sensitive to the growth-promoting effects of androgen.
Nuclear Factor κB Inhibitors Alleviate and the Proteasome Inhibitor PS-341 Exacerbates Radiation Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos (2009)

Inflammatory changes are a major component of the normal tissue response to ionizing radiation, and increased nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity is an important mediator of inflammatory responses. Here, we used zebrafish embryos to assess the capacity of two different classes of pharmacologic agents known to target NF-κB to modify radiation toxicity in the vertebrate organism. These were proteasome inhibitors, including lactacystin, MG132, and PS-341 (Bortezomib/VELCADE), and direct inhibitors of NF-κB activity, including ethyl pyruvate (EP) and the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-TFEA (RTA401), among others. The proteasome inhibitors either did not significantly affect radiation sensitivity of zebrafish embryos (MG132, lactacystin) or rendered zebrafish embryos more sensitive to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation (PS-341). Radiosensitization by PS-341 was reduced in fish with impaired p53 expression or function but not associated with enhanced expression of select p53 target genes. In contrast, the direct NF-κB inhibitors EP and CDDO-TFEA significantly improved overall survival of lethally irradiated zebrafish embryos. In addition, direct NF-κB inhibition reduced radiation-induced apoptosis in the central nervous system, abrogated aberrations in body axis development, restored metabolization and secretion of a reporter lipid through the gastrointestinal system, and improved renal clearance compromised by radiation. In contrast to amifostine, EP and CDDO-TFEA not only protected against but also mitigated radiation toxicity when given 1 to 2 hours postexposure. Finally, four additional IκB kinase inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of action similarly improved overall survival of lethally irradiated zebrafish embryos. In conclusion, inhibitors of canonical pathways to NF-κB activation may be useful in alleviating radiation toxicity in patients. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(9):2625-34] Reprinted with permission from the American Association of Cancer Research, “Nuclear factor κB inhibitors alleviate and the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 exacerbates radiation toxicity in zebrafish embryos”, Molecular Cancer Therapy, 2009;8(9), pages 2625-2634.
Composition-, Size-, and Surface Functionalization-Dependent Optical Properties of Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals (2020)

The photoluminescence (PL), color purity, and stability of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals depend critically on surface passivation. We present a study on the temperature-dependent PL and PL decay dynamics of lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals characterized by different types of A cations, surface ligands, and nanocrystal sizes. Throughout, we observe a single emission peak from cryogenic to ambient temperature. The PL decay dynamics are dominated by surface passivation, and a postsynthesis ligand exchange with a quaternary ammonium bromide (QAB) results in more stable passivation over a larger temperature range. The PL intensity is highest from 50 to 250 K, which indicates that ligand binding competes with the thermal energy at ambient temperature. Despite the favorable PL dynamics of nanocrystals passivated with QAB ligands (monoexponential PL decay over a large temperature range, increased PL intensity and stability), surface passivation still needs to be improved to achieve maximum emission intensity in nanocrystal films.
Semiclassical theory of photoelectric detection of light (1995)

It has been known since the nineteenth century that when light falls on certain metallic surfaces, electrons are sometimes released from the metal. This is known as the photoelectric effect, and the emitted particles are called photoelectrons. If a positively charged electrode is placed near the photoemissive cathode so as to attract the photoelectrons, an electric current can be made to flow in response to the incident light. The device thereby becomes a photoelectric detector of the optical field, and it has proved to be one of the most important of all photometric instruments. Various means exist for amplifying the photoelectric current. In one important device, known as the photomultiplier and shown schematically in Fig. 9.1, the photoelectrons are accelerated sufficiently that on striking the positive electrode they cause the release of several secondary electrons for each incident primary electron, and these electrons are then accelerated in turn to strike other secondary emitting surfaces. After 10 or more similar stages of amplification, the emission of each photoelectron from the cathode results in a pulse of millions of electrons at the anode, which is large enough to be registered by an electronic counter. By counting these photoelectric pulses we have an extremely sensitive detector of light.
Optimize PLA/EVA Polymers Blend Compositional Coating for Next Generation Biodegradable Drug-Eluting Stents (2022)

In this research work, polymer blends of poly-lactic acid (PLA)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were prepared as the drug carrier materials for a bi-layer drug-loaded coating film for coronary stents. Different optimum compositions of blends were prepared by using an intense mixer. Then, the blends were hot-pressed and later cold-pressed to prepare for films of different thickness. The changes in weight, surface analysis and biodegradability with increasing time were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), weight loss and biodegradability tests. The mechanical and thermal properties of drug-loaded films were studied through universal testing machine (UTM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of PLA, EVA and drug contents on in-vitro drug contents were investigated through the Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) chemical analysis technique. The results obtained clearly showed that the addition of PLA promoted the unleashing of the drug whereas the addition of EVA nearly did not have the same affect. The mechanical properties of these various films can be tuned by adjusting the contents of blend parts. The factors affecting the unleashing of the drug became a serious matter of concern in evaluating the performance of bio-resorbable drug eluting stents. As a result, today's chemical blends may be useful drug carrier materials for drug-loaded tube coatings capable delivering purgative drug in an incredibly tunable and regulated manner.
Growth of human breast carcinomas in nude mice and subsequent establishment in tissue culture. (1980)

Thirty-two malignant human breast tumors were implanted s.c. in female nude mice. Seven tumors survived for two passages, and four were established into permanent transplantable tumor lines. The transplantable tumors have retained the histopathology of the original tumor throughout passaging in the nude mice. In addition, two of the transplantable tumors have low concentrations of estrogen receptor. Tissue culture of the original tumor specimens upon receipt resulted in epithelial outgrowth in 15 of 32 primary cultures. However, no permanent cell lines were established. Attempts to culture 23 tumors frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide upon receipt were unsuccessful. In contrast, establishment of cell strains was successful with tumor specimens cultured following passage in the nude mice; three cell strains were initiated from two of the transplantable tumors.
Generation of boryl-nitroxide radicals from a boraalkene via the nitroso ene reaction (2022)

Examples of isolated boron substituted nitroxide radicals are rare. The reaction of the reactive cyclic boraalkene 3 with nitrosobenzene yields a mixture of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition product 4a, the <i>B</i>-nitroxide radicals 5a and 6a and the azoxybenzene co-product 7a<i>via</i> a bora nitroso ene reaction pathway, the boron analogue of the nitroso ene reaction. The products were separated by flash chromatography, and the <i>B</i>-nitroxide radicals were characterized by X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy. Radical 5a was shown to be a hydrogen atom abstractor. Both the <i>B</i>-nitroxide radicals are more easily oxidized compared to <i>e.g.</i> TEMPO, as shown by cyclic voltammetry.
The First Metal Complexes of 4,4′-Biimidazole and 4,4′-Biimidazolate with Hydrogen-Bonding Networks on the Cu(II) Complexes: 1-D Structures by N–H···X···H–N Hydrogen-Bonding (2004)

Abstract The Cu(II) complexes based on 4,4′-biimidazole and its deprotonated mono-anionic ligands were synthesized as the first metal complexes, which exhibit hydrogen-bonding networks. X-ray crystal structure analyses reveal the π-stacking structure of each complex and N–H···X or N···H–X type hydrogen-bondings.
Investigation and Comparison of Horizontal Protection Level and Horizontal Uncertainty Level in FDE Algorithms. (1996)

The fault detection and exclusion (FDE) function in a
GPS receiver ensures the integrity of the navigation
solution and prevents the display and use of hazardous
and misleading information (HMI). The FDE function is
required to provide a figure of merit of its current
protection capability which is known as the horizontal
protection level (HPL). For primary-means GPS
navigation, the FDE function is also required to provide
an estimate of current horizontal position uncertainty,
based on measurement inconsistency, which is the
horizontal uncertainty level (HUL). There are subtle, but
important, differences between HPL and HUL that have
not been fully explained in the current literature. This
paper compares design philosophies of HPL and HUL
and examines differences between them for stand-alone
GPS navigation. HPL and HSJL algorithms for snapsot
parity space FDE approaches are proposed which meet
requirements for all phases of non-precision flight. The
performance of various HPL algorithms discussed in the
literature are evaluated through detailed Monte Carlo
simulation studies.
[Experimental study on Shuigou (GV 26) of inhibiting effect for neuronal necrosis in rats: morphological evidence of the specificity of acupoint]. (2009)

Acupuncturing Shuigou (GV 26) could protect the involved neurons and inhibit the neuronal necrosis induced by the MCAO in rats, but acupuncturing the non-acupoint couldn't, which imply that there is the specificity of acupoint in the acupuncture.
Comparison of effects of a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor versus a 5-HT4 receptor agonist on in vivo neurogenesis at the rectal anastomosis in rats (2011)

It was recently reported that activation of enteric neural 5-HT(4) receptors (SR4) promotes reconstruction of enteric neural circuit injury in distal gut of guinea pigs and that this reconstruction involves neural stem cells. We aimed to explore a novel approach using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which increases endogenous 5-HT, to repair enteric nerve fiber injury in the rat distal gut. Enteric nerve fiber injury was performed by rectal transection and subsequent end-to-end one-layer anastomosis. The SSRI fluvoxamine maleate (100 μmol/l) was applied locally at the anastomotic site to compare with the 5-HT(4) agonist mosapride citrate (100 μmol/l) (applied for patent) applied locally and orally. Unlike mosapride, fluvoxamine failed to promote the regeneration of the nerve fiber tract across the anastomosis. Furthermore, fluvoxamine did not generate anti-distal-less homeobox 2 (DLX2)- and anti-SR4-positive cells (neural stem cells) and/or anti-neurofilament (NF)-positive cells (neural cells) in newly formed granulation tissue at the anastomosis, whereas these cell types were observed in mosapride-treated preparations. In contrast to its effects in guinea pigs, mosapride generated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive neural cells in ganglia sites 3 mm oral and anal from the anastomosis 2 wk after nerve fiber injury. All actions of mosapride were observed after local and or oral applications. These findings indicate that local SSRI treatment does not induce in vivo nerve fiber tract growth across the anastomosis in the rat distal gut. Mosapride induces nerve fiber tract growth across the anastomosis, mediated through enteric neural stem cells possibly from neural crest-derived stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow.
Software Architecture: Leverage for System/Program Comprehension. (2001)

Building software systems is hard; evolving them is harder. Even with complete requirements, architecture and design documentation, comprehending a system, or even a part of a system, in such a way as to understand the implications of the changes we make is a difficult task. I believe that the separation of architecture from design helps us with the problem of system comprehension: identifying the fundamental system components and their interactions (and the constraints on those components and interactions) is the first step towards the creation of what Brooks calls “the conceptual integrity of design.” Since the problem of component comprehension depends on the context in which the components are used, it is necessary to address this issue of system comprehension to provide that context. To this end, I will look at the role that architecture plays in comprehending and understanding software systems and explore different approaches to the rediscovery of a system’s architecture and how that architecture can be used as a tool for system and component comprehension. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Program Comprehension (IWPC’01) 1092-8138/01 $10.00 © 2001 IEEE
Dynamic incompetent cervix uteri. Sonographic observations. (1988)

In 15 of 56 patients with incompetent cervix, rapid changes in the degree of dilatation of the cervical canal were observed during sonographic examination, with the same degree of bladder distension. In ten of those 15 patients, the canal was seen to be completely closed at some point during the examination. Because of these rapid dynamic changes in the dilatation of the cervical canal, it is necessary to observe the cervical portion of the uterus several times during the sonographic examination, especially in patients suspected to have incompetent cervix. It is possible for the cervical canal to remain closed for several minutes during the examination. Incompetent cervix can go undetected if the cervix is not observed frequently throughout the sonographic examination.
Association between low birthweight and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 II E1 and paraoxonase 2 in mother (2002)

Objective: To examine the association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 Ⅱ E1(CYP2E1) gene and Paraoxonase 2 (PON2148) gene on the low birthweight.Methods:Using standard questionnaire, the 231 singleton live born infant-mother pairs (cases:65 pairs; controls:166 pairs)from 1998-1999 at Anqing City in Anhui Province were investigated by trained field workers with epidemiologic case-control method.Results:Both CYP2E1 and PON2148 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with low birthweight, respectively, after adjustment for major confounders including maternal age, education, parity, passive smoking, infant gestational age and sex. They were significant respectively( CYP2E1, OR=2.4, 95%CI=1.17-4.89; PON2148, OR=2.16, 95%CI=1.06-4.41). When CYP2E1 and PON2148 polymorphisms were considered jointly, with CYP2E1 homozygous wild-type and PON2148 homozygous wild-type as reference, the low birthweight was significantly associated with CYP2E1 variant/mutation and PON2148 variant/mutation among women(OR=4.77, 95%CI=1.63-13.95), But we did not observe the gene interactions in relation to low birthweight. Conclusion: Our data suggest a genetic influence on low birthweight in this population, It is suggestied that there is no synergism of gene CYP2E1 and gene PON2148.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazoline‐4,5‐dione with Amines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>MIRAGE emitter improvements &amp; technology review</title> (2001)

With the increased demand for IR sensor and surveillance systems, there is a growing need for technologies to support their operational readiness. Measurement of sensor characteristics such as sensitivity, MRTD, and dynamic range should be standard in all mission critical systems. The Real-Time Infrared Test Set (RTIR) is a portable system designed to provide in-the-field calibration and testing of IR imaging systems and seekers. RTIR uses the high volume manufacturing processes of the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and the Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology to produce a Thermal Pixel Array (TPA). State-of-the-art CMOS processes define all the necessary on-chip digital and analog electronics. When properly driven, this array generates variable temperature,synthetic IR scenes. A nonuniformity measurement of several TPAs is presented.