gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord disorders (2011)

Non-traumatic spinal cord disease may be caused by compression due to tumour, infection or haematoma, inflammation, infection or post-infection, metabolic disturbances, infarction, and degeneration. The diagnosis is often made easier by the clinical assessment: the patient’s age, the speed of onset of the disease, severity of the deficits, the pattern of motor and sensory involvement, and presence of pain and sphincter symptoms are all important in making an assessment of the site and likely nature of the spinal disease. Investigations are obligatory to confirm a diagnosis and to direct therapy. MRI is the most useful investigation. It has largely replaced myelography which should now only be considered in patients with indwelling cardiac pacing wires. Additional investigations including examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, evoked potentials, and specific blood tests may be required and the value of plain X-rays, CT scan, and, in some instances, angiography should not be overlooked. The remainder of this chapter will consider specific disorders, identifying pathology, clinical presentation, investigation, and management. Acute and chronic conditions are considered separately and those affecting the cauda equina, spinal root, and sphincters are considered in Chapter 29.
Selective and sensitive determination of bis(7)‐tacrine, a high erythrocyte binding acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in rat plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (2007)

The current study aims to develop a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of bis(7)-tacrine (B7T) in rat plasma. A 100 microL plasma sample was extracted with ethyl acetate. B7T and the internal standard (IS), pimozide, in the samples were then analyzed with LC-MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization condition. Chromatographic separation of B7T and IS was achieved in a C(18) reversed-phase HPLC column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d.) by isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed to measure the ion transitions: m/z 247 to 197 for B7T and m/z 462 to m/z 328 for IS, respectively. The method was linear over the studied ranges of 100-5000 and 10-100 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day variations of the analysis were less than 6.8% with standard errors less than 9.0%. The detection limit of B7T in rat plasma was 1 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of B7T after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg B7T and further proved to be readily utilized for determination of B7T in rat plasma samples.
Numerical eigenstates for a two-antidot channel under a magnetic field (2002)

We have calculated the single-particle eigenstates of a system designed to model a two-dimensional channel obstructed by a pair of anti-dots, under a transverse magnetic field. The model is relevant to recent experiments in which the conductance of the two-antidot system reveals a conductance minimum which is modulated by oscillations of a constant period in a magnetic field, contrary to the predictions of semiclassical calculations. We show that the modulations are due to the evolution with applied magnetic field of the eigenstates occupying the Fermi level, which alternate between cyclotron resonant states and states which are pinched off in the constricted region between the antidots and the channel edge. The phenomenon is an example of the interplay of the semiclassical cyclotron behavior and the quantum-mechanical nature of the constrictions.
Geoestrategia y turismo (2012)

The landscape of communication environments is undergoing a revolutionary transformation, driven by the relentless evolution of technology and the growing demands of an interconnected world [...].
Conversion of 15th Carbon of Palmitic Acid to C02 by the Intact Rat. (1954)

1. Palmitic acid labeled with C14 in its 15th carbon atom was injected intravenously, in the form of its triglyceride, into fasted rats, and the expired C02 was collected at various time intervals. 2. The amounts of C14O2 expired and the specific activity-time relationships of the expired C02 after the injection of tripalmitin-15-C14 correspond closely to the results reported previously with tripalmitin-1-C14, tripalmitin-6-C14, and tri-palmitin-11-C14. Our present findings thus support our previous postulate that the fasted intact rat, in contrast to certain isolated tissue preparations, converts all carbon atoms of palmitic acid to C02 at practically identical rates. 3. Possible explanations which may account for the differences observed between intact animals and isolated liver preparations are examined.
Optical gain studies for dilute nitrides for application in broad band SOAs (2011)

Summary form only given. GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells emitting around 1300 nm have been the subject of intense interest for optical data- and tele-communications applications. Indeed the observation of 1550 nm emission with GaInNAsSb has increased their potential usefulness. Their ability to be made into VCSELs using AlGaAs-based DBRs, their high gain, high differential gain and their fast modulation speed offers much. The study of the material aspects of dilute nitride, where the nitrogen acts as a defect, not fully incorporating into the lattice, has been incorporated within the Band Anti-crossing (BAC) model. To derive gain from this model is fundamentally difficult requiring improved treatments which treat a complex band structure. In addition, spatial fluctuations of N cause a lowering of the conduction band and a possible trapping of electrons in these quantum-dot (QD)-like fluctuations. Also the position of the N within the QW affects the strength of its coupling to the conduction band.
Eye Movements in Parkinson’s Disease and Inherited Parkinsonian Syndromes (2017)

Despite extensive research, the functions of the basal ganglia (BG) in movement control have not been fully understood. Eye movements, particularly saccades, are convenient indicators of BG function. Here, we review the main oculomotor findings reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) and genetic parkinsonian syndromes. PD is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in depletion of striatal dopamine and subsequent increased inhibitory BG output from the internal globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Eye movement abnormalities are common in PD: anomalies are more evident in voluntary than reflexive saccades in the initial stages, but visually guided saccades may also be involved at later stages. Saccadic hypometria (including abnormally fragmented saccades), reduced accuracy, and increased latency are among the most prominent deficits. PD patients show also unusually frequent and large square wave jerks and impaired inhibition of reflexive saccades when voluntary mirror saccades are required. Poor convergence ability and altered pursuit are common. Inherited parkinsonisms are a heterogeneous group of rare syndromes due to gene mutations causing symptoms resembling those of PD. Eye movement characteristics of some parkinsonisms have been studied. While sharing some PD features, each syndrome has a distinctive profile that could contribute to better define the clinical phenotype of parkinsonian disorders. Moreover, because the pathogenesis and the underlying neural circuit failure of inherited parkinsonisms are often well defined, they might offer a better prospect than idiopathic PD to understand the BG function.
Optimization Algorithms for Networks and Graphs (1980)

"Optimization Algorithms for Networks and Graphs." Journal of the Operational Research Society, 31(2), p. 195
Immunological identification and functional quantitation of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor proteins in human skin. (1994)

We have determined protein levels of total and individual nuclear retinoic acid (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma) and retinoid X (RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma) receptors by ligand binding, Western analysis, and gel shift assays, in adult human skin, a major retinoid-responsive tissue. Total RARs and RXRs, measured by direct binding of specific ligands, were 0.24 +/- 0.01 fmol/micrograms (n = 13) and 1.26 +/- 0.08 fmol/micrograms (n = 7), respectively. These values calculated on an average per cell basis were 1790 RARs/cell and 9400 RXRs/cell. Similar results were obtained with competitive ligand binding assays. RAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma were each specifically immunoprecipitated, and their levels determined by ligand binding assays of supernatants and Western analysis of precipitates. RAR-gamma was the most abundant, representing 87% of RAR protein. The remaining 12-14% of RAR protein was RAR-alpha. No RAR-beta was detected. Similar immunoprecipitation studies revealed that RXR-alpha represented 90% of RXR protein expressed in human skin. No RXR-beta or RXR-gamma proteins were detected by Western blot. Supershift gel retardation with antibodies to RARs detected probe-RAR-alpha and probe-RAR-gamma complexes in a 1 to 4 ratio. No probe-RAR-beta complex was detected. With antibodies to both RAR-gamma and RXR, a double supershifted complex was formed, indicating that RAR-gamma/RXR heterodimers bound to the probe. These data demonstrate 1) protein levels of RXRs are five times greater than RARs, 2) relative protein levels of RAR and RXR family members are compatible with their previously described relative mRNA levels, and 3) RXR-alpha/RAR-gamma heterodimers are the major retinoid receptors that have the potential to regulate transcription of target genes, in adult human skin.
Trends in Survival and Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants at 23-26 Weeks Gestation (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants, and identify clinical factors responsible for this association. Medical records of 350 infants at 23-26 weeks gestation from 2000 to 2005 (period I, n = 137) and 2006 to 2010 (period II, n = 213) were retrospectively reviewed. The infants were stratified into 23-24 and 25-26 weeks gestation, and the survival, BPD incidence, and clinical characteristics were analyzed. BPD was defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The overall survival rate was significantly improved in period II compared to period I (80.3% vs. 70.0%, respectively; P = 0.028), especially in infants at 23-24 weeks gestation (73.9% vs. 47.4%, respectively; P = 0.001). The BPD incidence in survivors during period II (55.0%) was significantly decreased compared to period I (67.7%; P = 0.042), especially at 25-26 weeks gestation (41.7% vs. 62.3%, respectively; P = 0.008). Significantly improved survival at 23-24 weeks gestation was associated with a higher antenatal steroid use and an improved 5-minute Apgar score. A significant decrease in BPD incidence at 25-26 weeks gestation was associated with early extubation, prolonged use of less invasive continuous positive airway pressure, and reduced supplemental oxygen. Improved perinatal and neonatal care can simultaneously lead to improved survival and decreased BPD incidence in extremely premature infants.
Stiffness Shaping for Zero Vibration Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composites (2008)

This paper studies semi-active vibration control using Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composites (F2MC) as variable stiffness structures. The apparent stiffness of F2MC tubes can be changed using a variable orifice valve. With fiber reinforcement, the volume inside the tube may change with external load. With an open valve, the liquid is free to move in or out of the tube, so the apparent stiffness will not changed. When the valve is closed, the high bulk modulus liquid is confined, which resists the volume change and causes the apparent stiffness of the tube to increase. The equations of motion of an F2MC-mass system is derived using a 3D elasticity model and the energy method. A reduced order model is then developed for fully-open or fully-closed valves. A Skyhook valve that cycles the valve between open and closed, asymptotically decays the vibration. A Zero Vibration (ZV) Stiffness Shaping technique is introduced to suppress the vibration in finite time. A sensitivity analysis of the ZV Stiffness Shaper studies the robustness to parameteric uncertainties.
The rectus abdominis muscle flap in a combined abdominovaginal repair of difficult vesicovaginal fistulae. A report of three cases. (1990)

Conventional repairs had been tried on three patients suffering from vesicovaginal fistulas after abdominal hysterectomies. Separate vaginal and abdominal approaches had been tried and had resulted not only in failure but also in tissue loss and fibrosis. A final synchronous vaginoabdominal approach using a rectus abdominis muscle flap was used successfully in all three patients.
Path Integral Calculation of the Hydrogen/Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect in Monoamine Oxidase A-Catalyzed Decomposition of Benzylamine (2019)

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is a well-known enzyme responsible for the oxidative deamination of several important monoaminergic neurotransmitters. The rate-limiting step of amine decomposition is hydride anion transfer from the substrate α-CH2 group to the N5 atom of the flavin cofactor moiety. In this work, we focus on MAO A-catalyzed benzylamine decomposition in order to elucidate nuclear quantum effects through the calculation of the hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) kinetic isotope effect. The rate-limiting step of the reaction was simulated using a multiscale approach at the empirical valence bond (EVB) level. We applied path integral quantization using the quantum classical path method (QCP) for the substrate benzylamine as well as the MAO cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide. The calculated H/D kinetic isotope effect of 6.5 ± 1.4 is in reasonable agreement with the available experimental values.
Evolution of fat oxidation during exercise in obese pubertal boys: Clinical implications (2009)

In this study, we examined fat oxidation rates during exercise in obese pubescent boys. Three groups of pubescent boys (16 pre-pubescent, Tanner's stage I; 16 pubescent, Tanner's stage III; and 14 post-pubescent, Tanner's stage V) performed a graded test on a leg cycle ergometer. The first step of the test was fixed at 30 W and power was gradually increased by 20 W every 3.5 min. Oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) were determined as the means of measurements during the last 30 s of each step, which allowed us to calculate fat oxidation rates versus exercise intensity. Between 20 and 50% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)), fat oxidation rate in relative values (mg . min(-1) . kg FFM(-1)) decreased continuously with pubertal development. In the same way, the maximum rate of fat oxidation occurred at a lower percentage of VO(2peak) (pre-pubescent: 49.47 +/- 1.62%; pubescent: 47.43 +/- 1.26%; post-pubescent: 45.00 +/- 0.97%). Our results confirm that puberty is responsible for a decrease in fat free mass capacities to use fat during exercise. The results suggest that post-pubescent obese boys need to practise physical activity at a lower intensity than pre-pubescent boys to enhance lipolysis and diminish adipose tissue and the consequences of obesity.
Millimeter Wave Spectrum and Molecular Structure of Oxygen Difluoride (1961)

The molecular structure of oxygen difluoride (OF2) has been studied by microwave spectroscopy techniques. A video microwave spectrometer was used to find 13 rotational absorption lines. Klystron-driven crystal harmonic generators were used as energy sources for the spectrometer. The frequencies of the lines were measured with a precise frequency standard. Nine of the lines were assigned to rotational transitions of OF2 using a graphical method. The three average rotational constants A, B, and C were determined from the exact energy solutions for the rotational transitions. The values for the rotational constants together with the effective moments of inertia calculated from them were A=61 567.71 Mc, IA=8.21096 amu, A2; B=11 066.54 Mc, IB=45.6809; C=9 343.85 Mc; IC=54.1088 amu, A2. The effective values for the oxygen fluorine interatomic distance and the apex angle 2θ calculated from IA and IB were r=1.3896 A, 2θ=104.163. The rotational inertial defect was found to be +0.217 amu, A2.
Advanced Dry Etching for Oxide Deep-Trench (2003)

This paper is focused on the development of silicon dioxide dry etching for Microsystems application. New requirements for oxide etching have been identified; keys issues are the higher oxide thickness (several microns) and the different design rules (large open areas, isolated patterns). To achieve these requirements, advanced oxide etching processes have been developed in conventional reactor using either photoresist or hard mask. The effects of several process parameters on etch rate, selectivity, oxide pattern profile have been investigated. When using a photoresist mask, the major process limitation is caused by the oxide to photoresist selectivity. Straight profiles may only be obtained if the polymerisation on the side-walls is well-controlled. So, a compromise has to be made between etch rate, oxide to mask selectivity and pattern profiles. The use of hard mask leads to achieve excellent profile control with very high aspect ratio. But, gas chemistry and process parameters such as pressure, total gas flow and chemistry have to be precisely adjusted in order to avoid the aspect ratio dependant etching in narrow patterns. Vertical profiles in high aspect ratio features can be achieved but lateral oxide erosion have to be drastically controlled.
Molecular Cloning of a Fluorescence‐Based Reporter Plasmid for Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis (2019)

Cell‐free protein expression, also known as in vitro protein synthesis is a convenient and fast method for protein production. It bypasses the need to culture living cells, which can be time and resource consuming. Among multiple cell‐free protein expression systems available, the wheat germ extract system has become a popular choice for producing eukaryotic proteins due to high yields and commercial availability. The goal of this work was to generate a fluorescence‐based reporter plasmid to be used in wheat germ based cell‐free protein expression system. Because of its unique optical properties, the Green Fluorescent Protein (deGFP) can be used as a positive control during high‐throughput synthesis of proteins by a cell‐free system. To construct the reporter plasmid, Gibson Assembly strategy was used to clone a deGFP gene in a wheat germ extract compatible plasmid. The deGFP gene was successfully cloned in two plasmids, bearing a hexahistidine tag on either the N‐, or C‐terminus of GFP. The clones were validated by Sanger DNA sequencing. After validation, protein expression was confirmed by western blotting using an anti‐His antibody. The reporter plasmid will be used as a positive control during high‐throughput production of eukaryotic transcription factors by wheat germ cell free protein synthesis. Support or Funding Information Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE), GRANT 5R25GM061151‐17 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Natural cross-modal mappings between visual and auditory features (2010)

The brain may combine information from different sense modalities to enhance the speed and accuracy of detection of objects and events, and the choice of appropriate responses. There is mounting evidence that perceptual experiences that appear to be modality-specific are also influenced by activity from other sensory modalities, even in the absence of awareness of this interaction. In a series of speeded classification tasks, we found spontaneous mappings between the auditory feature of pitch and the visual features of vertical location, size, and spatial frequency but not contrast. By dissociating the task variables from the features that were cross-modally related, we find that the interactions happen in an automatic fashion and are possibly located at the perceptual level.
150 W GaN-on-Si RF Power Transistor (2005)

A large periphery high power AlGaN/GaN HFET grown on a silicon substrate has demonstrated over 150 W of CW RF output power along with excellent drain efficiency of 65%. When operated under WCDMA modulation and 28 Vdc drain supply voltage, these devices produced 20 W of RF output power with a corresponding drain efficiency of 27% while achieving an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of −39 dBc. A 36 mm device was tested in a DPD linearizer under multi-carrier WCDMA modulation and achieved 20 dB of linearity improvement with 35% drain efficiency. Lastly, device reliability data is presented and shows extrapolated 20 year drift estimates of less than 1 dB for Psat.
Design patterns for secure virtual organization management architecture (2007)

The work presented in this paper describes an architecture for a secure Virtual Organization Management framework. This work is taking place in the BEinGRID EU project, which aims to advance the take up of Grid technologies in the business domain by conducting a number of business experiments and in parallel producing a number of components.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Shear Stress-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells (1997)

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly subjected to flow-induced shear stress. Although the effects of shear stress on ECs are well known, the intracellular signal mechanisms remain largely unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently been suggested to act as intracellular second messengers. The potential role of ROS in shear-induced gene expression was examined in the present study by subjecting ECs to a shear force using a parallel-plate flow chamber system. ECs under shear flow increased their intracellular ROS as indicated by superoxide production. This superoxide production was maintained at an elevated level as shear flow remained. Sheared ECs, similar to TNF(alpha)-, PMA-, or H2O2-treated cells, increased their intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment of ECs with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or catalase, inhibited this shear-induced or oxidant-induced ICAM-1 expression. ROS that were involved in the shear-induced ICAM-1 gene expression were further substantiated by functional analysis using a chimera containing the ICAM-1 promoter region (-850 bp) and the reporter gene luciferase. Shear-induced promoter activities were attenuated by pretreating sheared ECs with NAC and catalase. Flow cytometric analysis and monocytic adhesion assay confirmed the inhibitory effect of NAC and catalase on the shear-induced ICAM-1 expression on ECs. These results clearly demonstrate that shear flow to ECs can induce intracellular ROS generation that may result in an increase of ICAM-1 mRNA levels via transcriptional events. Our findings thus support the importance of intracellular ROS in modulating hemodynamically induced endothelial responses.
Numerical integrations and error control (2015)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.