gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new massively parallel and distributed virtual machine model using mobile agents (2014)

The goal of this paper, is to present a new massively parallel virtual machine model, designed for parallel and distributed high performance computing on a distributed system. The proposed model allows us to build a polymorphic grid computing assigned to solve fine grained parallel problems over different machine structures. This model is built using distributed Virtual Processors Units (VPU). Each VPU corresponds to a mobile agent deployed in a physical processing unit. Each physical processing unit is associated to a node of the distributed system. The VPUs are designed to communicate with each other asynchronously by exchanging, in local or remote way, ACL messages (Agent Communication Language) containing data, instructions or any task to be performed. In this model a special agent is designed to represent the host of the parallel virtual machine. This agent manages the life cycle of VPUs, the load balancing system, and parallel applications to run. In this model VPUs can also use a virtual shared memory represented by hierarchical mobile agents. All the properties offered to the proposed model, are easily designed thanks to the flexibility and the mobility of the multi agent systems.
Carboplatin + pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: activity as 2nd or 3rd line treatment of endometrial carcinoma (2008)

4486 High-risk stage I and II endometrial carcinoma, and resected stages III and IV are now treated with chemotherapy. In this study, previously treated patients (pts) received carboplatin (C) (AUC5) + pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), 30 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, a dose found safe by Hamilton et al (ASCO 2003). Single agent PLD had shown activity in pre-treated pts (J Clin Oncol 20:2360, 2003).  Methods: Patients with endometrial/unknown primary (mullerian origin) received C-PLD in 2nd or 3rd line. All had received C-Taxol 1st line. Progression-free survival (PFS 2 or PFS 3 for 2nd or 3rd-line C-PLD, respectively) from start of C-PLD doublet was compared to the PFS after the earlier regimen for each patient; response assessed by imaging studies and/or CA 125.  Results: 11 pts were treated 2004-2007: 6 as 2nd-line and 5 as 3rd-line. C-PLD as 2nd-line will exceed PFS compared to PFS1 in 2 pts (Table 1). As 3rd-line, 2 of 4 had longer PFS3 than PFS2 (Table 2). No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed. Skin toxicity was mild.  Table 1  ^pts receiving PLD maintenance every 4-6 weeks *megestrol/tamoxifen in 2nd-line **floxuridine/platinums in 2nd line ^^single agent PLD or Taxol in 2nd line.  Conclusion: Treatment with a platinum/PLD has activity as 2nd-line or 3rd- line treatment of endometrial or unknown primary cancers of probable Mullerian origin
Correction: Targeting EGFR Induced Oxidative Stress by PARP1 Inhibition in Glioblastoma Therapy (2011)

Despite the critical role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma pathogenesis Here we propose an alternate therapeutic strategy based on the conceptual framework of non-oncogene addiction A directed RNAi screen revealed that glioblastoma cells overexpressing EGFRvIII [6], an oncogenic variant of EGFR, become hyper-dependent on a variety of DNA repair genes. Among these, there was an enrichment of Base Excision Repair (BER) genes required for the repair of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)induced DNA damage, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Subsequent studies revealed that EGFRvIII overexpression in glioblastoma cells caused increased levels of ROS, DNA strand break accumulation, and genome instability. In a panel of primary glioblastoma lines, sensitivity to PARP1 inhibition correlated with the levels of EGFR activation and oxidative stress. Gene expression analysis indicated that reduced expression of BER genes in glioblastomas with high EGFR expression correlated with improved patient survival. These observations suggest that oxidative stress secondary to EGFR hyperactivation necessitates increased cellular reliance on PARP1 mediated BER, and offer critical insights into clinical trial design.
Non-negative sparse image coder via simulated annealing and pseudo-inversion (2008)

We propose a sparse non-negative image coding based on simulated annealing and matrix pseudo-inversion. We show that sparsity and non-negativity are both important to obtain part-based coding and we also show the impact of each of them on the coding. In contrast with other approaches in the literature, our method can constrain both weights and basis vectors to generate part-based bases suitable for image recognition and fiducial point extraction. We also propose a speed-up of the algorithm by implementing a hybrid system that mixes simulated annealing and pseudo-inverse computation of matrices.
Biologics and Behcet's: Disease Diversity and Trial Design (2007)

In this issue of OII, a team of talented investigators from the US National Institutes of Health reports that a promising biological therapy, daclizumab, failed to improve the outcome of the uveitis associated with Behcet’s disease over standard therapy in a well-designed, prospective, randomized trial. We can learn much from this report. Behcet’s disease was once one of the most virulent forms of uveitis imaginable. In 1970, Mamo reported that most Lebanese patients with Behcet’s disease had visual acuity of 20/200 or less within one year of the onset of eye symptoms. 1 Subsequently, well-designed, randomized, controlled trials established the efficacy of either azathioprine 2 or cyclosporine 3 for the uveitis associated with Behcet’s disease. More recently, both alpha interferon 4 and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy with infliximab 5 have been reported to be dramatically effective in this disease. But daclizumab therapy, which is directed against the IL-2 receptor on activated T lymphocytes, has also been shown in well-designed, prospective trials to be an effective therapy for uveitis. 6‐8 So why does it fail in Behcet’s disease? Many uveitis trials are underpowered, meaning that appreciating efficacy could be missed just by virtue of the study size. Most uveitis trials are not randomized and are retrospective. The report by Buggage and colleagues in this issue has none of these failings. It is randomized and prospective. Although a larger trial might have revealed statistical significance in favor of the biologic, this is very unlikely when the trend is that untreated patients fared better than those treated with daclizumab. Traditionally, many journals have been reluctant to publish “negative” results, i.e., trials which fail to reach the primary endpoint. Thankfully, the more recent trend is to recognize that a well-designed negative trial provides valuable information for clinicians. Immunologic disease has different phases. In animal models, it is always far easier to prevent a disease as opposed to treating effectively an established disease. It should be apparent that what initiates an immune response and what sustains damage within a localized tissue might differ substantially. Similarly, what could maintain remission in relatively inactive disease could differ from what is able to treat active disease. The failing in this trial is unlikely to be due simply to this explanation since, for the majority of patients, the trial was a test of the ability to sustain remission and daclizumab had previously demonstrated efficacy in other forms of uveitis for which remission had been established.
Short-term Supplemental Dietary Potassium from Potato and Potassium Gluconate Effect on Potassium Retention in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults (P24-051-19) (2019)

Potassium is an essential nutrient of concern according to recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committees. Current recommendations established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are given as an Adequate Intake (AI) of 4700 mg/d, met by less than 3% of the population. Little is known about potassium (K) tissue retention and less is understood on how retention may affect health outcomes. In this clinical trial, we assessed the effects of K intake from potato sources and a K supplement on overall K balance. Thirty pre-hypertensive-to-hypertensive (Systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg) men (N = 15) and women (N = 15) with a mean ± SD age, BMI, and BP (systolic(SBP)/diastolic(DBP)) of 48.2 ± 15 y, 31.4 ± 6.1, and 136.3 ± 11.9/86.1 ± 7.1 mmHg, respectively, were enrolled in a cross-over randomized control diet trial. Participants were assigned to a random order of four 16-day dietary K interventions including a basal diet (control) of 2300 mg/d(∼60 mmol/d), and three periods of an additional 1000 mg/d(3300 mg/d(∼85 mmol/d) total) of K in the form of potatoes (baked, boiled, or pan-heated with no additional fat), French fries, or a K gluconate supplement. Each intervention period was separated by two or more weeks of wash out. Twenty-four hour urine and stool samples were collected throughout each intervention phase, and assessed via ICP-OES for K, sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) content. Results for differences in mineral balance were assessed as % (%) of intake by 15-day sums as follows: retention = dietary intake – urine + stool losses. Using a mixed model with repeated measures and follow-up contrast analyses, initial analysis shows no significant differences (P > 0.05) in % mineral retention (± SE) for K (control: 28.92 ± 7.19, French fries: 30.37 ± 5.81, potatoes: 26.39 ± 5.11, supplement: 34.52 ± 6.53), Na (control: 23.42 ± 10.34, French fries: 30.37 ± 8.03, potatoes: 20.15 ± 6.86, supplement: 26.47 ± 10.14), or Ca (control: 25.21 ± 11.23, French fries: 16.61 ± 13.47, potatoes: 24.22 ± 4.56, supplement: 31.46 ± 8.22). Although there appears to be no difference in mineral retention due to source, these findings may challenge the current dogma that K and Na intake are equivalent to urinary output, and raise the question of how retention in various tissues can influence health outcomes. The Alliance for Potato Research and Education.
The genesis of the Schaeffler diagram in the history of stainless steel (2017)

The Schaeffler diagram is regarded through a historical perspective in order to review Anton Schaeffler's life (1919–2001) and to analyze the genesis of the famous structural abacus that made him known throughout the world and still serves as a reference today. The equivalence coefficients of addition elements complementary to chromium and nickel, either alpha formers or gamma formers, were at the heart of the subject. The crystallographic structures of many standard steels, and hence several of their mechanical properties, can be partly predicted before manufacturing on the sole basis of their chemical compositions. A chronological review helps to understand the creative work that was done during this initial research.
ARTIFICIAL MAGNETOTELLURICS FOR VERY SHALLOW WORKS (1983)

The authors examine the problem of the investigation of very shallow sites and draw attention to some difficulties linked with the operation of the electrostatic sensor in the artificial magnetotelluric device and to the way they have been overcome. Examples of continuous profiles of amt apparent resistivity are given and discussed. Based on on the theoretical results concerning underground cavity detection in magnetotellutics, the problem of determining the depth of investigation and the selection of operating frequencies is investigated. This article was originally published in French in the Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Paris, 1983, No. 26-27, 265-71. (TRRL)
Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 genetic regions encoding lipopolysaccharide structures essential for complete nodule development on bean plants (1989)

Eight symbiotic mutants defective in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis were isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli CFN42. These eight strains elicited small white nodules lacking infected cells when inoculated onto bean plants. The mutants had undetectable or greatly diminished amounts of the complete LPS (LPS I), whereas amounts of an LPS lacking the O antigen (LPS II) greatly increased. Apparent LPS bands that migrated between LPS I and LPS II on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels were detected in extracts of some of the mutants. The mutant strains were complemented to wild-type LPS I content and antigenicity by DNA from a cosmid library of the wild-type genome. Most of the mutations were clustered in two genetic regions; one mutation was located in a third region. Strains complemented by DNA from two of these regions produced healthy nitrogen-fixing nodules. Strains complemented to wild-type LPS content by the other genetic region induced nodules that exhibited little or no nitrogenase activity, although nodule development was obviously enhanced by the presence of this DNA. The results support the idea that complete LPS structures, in normal amounts, are necessary for infection thread development in bean plants.
Equivalent Electric Circuits for the Simulation of Carbon Nanotube-Epoxy Composites (2013)

Equivalent electric circuits allowing the simulation of the behavior of nanocomposites based on thermosetting resin and nanocarbon filler are presented. The electric circuits are constructed by employing a multistep simple procedure in which the values and number of the parameters are adjusted until a suitable criterion, based on the comparison between simulated and experimental frequency spectra is satisfied. A resistance-capacitance (RC) simple parallel branch in parallel with a variable number of RC series branches is shown to be capable to reproduce the frequency response of a prepercolative carbon black and two carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites with CNT concentration close to the percolation threshold. The obtained equivalent circuits may be employed for the interpretation of the physical mechanisms underlying the electromagnetic (EM) behavior. Moreover, they can be used in circuit simulators for first-approximation design of EM devices based on such composites.
Towards a comprehensive assessment for selectivity estimation approaches of XML queries (2010)

Estimating the sizes of query results and intermediate results is a crucial part of any effective query optimisation process. Due to several reasons, the selectivity estimation problem in the XML domain is more complicated than that in the relational domain. Several research efforts have proposed different selectivity estimation approaches in the XML domain. This paper is a first step towards a comprehensive assessment of the available selectivity estimation approaches of XML queries along with their strengths and weaknesses. We provide a survey of the state-of-the-art of selectivity estimation approaches of XML queries and propose a selectivity estimation benchmark for XML queries, XSelMark. The proposed benchmark consists of a set of 25 queries organised into seven groups and covers the main aspects of selectivity estimation of XML queries. In addition, we suggest some criteria of assessing the capability and quality of the selectivity estimation approaches for XML queries. Finally, we use the proposed benchmark to assess the capabilities of the state-of-the-art of the selectivity estimation approaches.
Flux and fluence dependence of disorder produced during implantation of11B in silicon (1971)

Abstract The flux and fluence dependence of disorder produced in silicon during the implantation of 11B has been investigated at room temperature, -50°C. and -120°C. Implantations were carried out with 200 keV 11B ions using current densities in the range from 0.06μA/cm2 to 15μA/cm2, and the disorder monitored by measuring the energy spectra of backscattered protons which were incident on the sample at 450 keV parallel to a (110) axis. Significant differences in the dependence of the disorder on 11B flux and fluence were observed between the implantations performed at room temperature and those carried out at the two lower temperatures.
Morphological Similarity and Ecological Overlap in Two Rotifer Species (2013)

Co-occurrence of cryptic species raises theoretically relevant questions regarding their coexistence and ecological similarity. Given their great morphological similitude and close phylogenetic relationship (i.e., niche retention), these species will have similar ecological requirements and are expected to have strong competitive interactions. This raises the problem of finding the mechanisms that may explain the coexistence of cryptic species and challenges the conventional view of coexistence based on niche differentiation. The cryptic species complex of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is an excellent model to study these questions and to test hypotheses regarding ecological differentiation. Rotifer species within this complex are filtering zooplankters commonly found inhabiting the same ponds across the Iberian Peninsula and exhibit an extremely similar morphology-some of them being even virtually identical. Here, we explore whether subtle differences in body size and morphology translate into ecological differentiation by comparing two extremely morphologically similar species belonging to this complex: B. plicatilis and B. manjavacas. We focus on three key ecological features related to body size: (1) functional response, expressed by clearance rates; (2) tolerance to starvation, measured by growth and reproduction; and (3) vulnerability to copepod predation, measured by the number of preyed upon neonates. No major differences between B. plicatilis and B. manjavacas were found in the response to these features. Our results demonstrate the existence of a substantial niche overlap, suggesting that the subtle size differences between these two cryptic species are not sufficient to explain their coexistence. This lack of evidence for ecological differentiation in the studied biotic niche features is in agreement with the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis but requires a mechanistic explanation of the coexistence of these species not based on differentiation related to biotic niche axes.
Synthesis of 3H‐, 14C‐, and stable‐isotope‐labelled galantamine (2002)

Abstract Reminyl ® is a newly approved drug, used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. The active compound, galantamine, was initially isolated from the bulbs of certain Narcissus species, but is at the moment also produced synthetically. In the process leading to the final approval, the synthesis of tritium‐, carbon‐14‐ and stable‐isotope‐labelled galantamine for pharmacokinetic studies was required. Racemic (±)‐1‐bromonarwedine, a compound available as intermediate from the commercial synthesis, was transformed to racemic 1‐bromo‐galantamine. Catalytic bromo‐tritium exchange, followed by HPLC purification and resolution afforded tritium‐labelled galantamine. The [ 14 C]‐label was introduced on the nitrogen as well as on the oxygen‐methyl position. This was achieved by N ‐ and O ‐demethylation of galantamine and reaction of the thoroughly purified intermediate with [ 14 C]‐methyl iodide. Stable‐isotope‐labelled galantamine was obtained likewise by 13 CD 3 OD‐methylation of O ‐demethylated galantamine under Mitsunobu conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Oviposition by Lobesia botrana is stimulated by sugars detected by contact chemoreceptors (2005)

Abstract. The influence of glucose, fructose and sucrose on oviposition site selection by Lobesia botrana is studied by combining behavioural and electrophysiological experiments. Oviposition choice assays, using surrogate grapes treated with grape berry surface extracts of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot at different development stages, show that L. botrana females are most stimulated by extracts of mature berries containing the highest concentrations of glucose and fructose. Choice assays reveal that the oviposition response to these sugars is dose‐dependant (with a threshold of the applied solution = 10 m m and a maximum stimulation at 1 m ) and that females are more sensitive to fructose than to glucose. Tarsal contact‐chemoreceptor sensilla are unresponsive to stimulation with sugars but the ovipositor sensilla contain at least one neurone most sensitive to fructose and sucrose with a threshold of approximately 0.5 m m . Corresponding to the behavioural data, glucose is significantly less stimulatory to sensilla than fructose or sucrose. It is argued that fructose may be of special importance for herbivorous insects exploiting fruit as an oviposition site.
Hyperspectral Imaging Bioinspired by Chromatic Blur Vision in Color Blind Animals (2019)

Hyperspectral imaging remote sensing is mutually restricted in terms of spatial and spectral resolutions, signal-to-noise ratio and exposure time. To deal with this trade-off properly, it is beneficial for imaging systems to have high light flux. In this paper, we put forward a novel hyperspectral imaging method with high light flux bioinspired by chromatic blur vision in color blind animals. We designed a camera lens with high degree of longitudinal chromatic aberration, a monochrome image sensor captured the chromatic blur images at different focal lengths. Finally, by using the known point spread functions of the chromatic blur imaging system, we process these chromatically blurred images by deconvolution based on singular value decomposition inverse filtering, and the spectral images of a target were restored. We constructed three different targets for validating image restoration based on a typical octopus eyeball imaging system. The results show that the proposed imaging method can effectively extract spectral images from the chromatically blurred images. This study can facilitate development of a novel bionic hyperspectral imaging, which may benefit from the high light flux of a large aperture and provide higher detection sensitivity.
Impact of MDR1 and CYP3A5 on the oral clearance of tacrolimus and tacrolimus-related renal dysfunction in adult living-donor liver transplant patients (2008)

These findings suggest that the CYP3A5*1 genotype as well as the MDR1 mRNA level in enterocytes contributes to interindividual variation in the CL/F of tacrolimus in adult recipients early after living-donor liver transplantation. Furthermore, CYP3A5 in the kidney may play a protective role in the development of tacrolimus-related nephrotoxicity.
Probability Distributions on Partially Ordered Sets and Network Interdiction Games (2021)

This article poses the following problem: Does there exist a probability distribution over subsets of a finite partially ordered set (poset), such that a set of constraints involving marginal probabilities of the poset’s elements and maximal chains is satisfied? We present a combinatorial algorithm to positively resolve this question. The algorithm can be implemented in polynomial time in the special case where maximal chain probabilities are affine functions of their elements. This existence problem is relevant for the equilibrium characterization of a generic strategic interdiction game on a capacitated flow network. The game involves a routing entity that sends its flow through the network while facing path transportation costs and an interdictor who simultaneously interdicts one or more edges while facing edge interdiction costs. Using our existence result on posets and strict complementary slackness in linear programming, we show that the Nash equilibria of this game can be fully described using primal and dual solutions of a minimum-cost circulation problem. Our analysis provides a new characterization of the critical components in the interdiction game. It also leads to a polynomial-time approach for equilibrium computation.