gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two B3 domain transcriptional repressors prevent sugar-inducible expression of seed maturation genes in Arabidopsis seedlings (2007)

During development of plant seeds, embryos import nutrients and store massive amounts of reserves. Seed reserves are rapidly degraded and mobilized to support seedling development after germination. HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF SUGAR-INDUCIBLE GENE 2 (HSI2) of Arabidopsis thaliana is a B3 DNA-binding domain protein that represses the transcription of sugar-inducible reporter gene. Although disruption of HSI2 or HSI2-Like 1 (HSL1) did not affect growth, seeds with disruption of both HSI2 and HSL1 (KK mutant) developed abortive seedlings that stopped growing 7-9 days after imbibition. KK seedlings developed swollen hypocotyls that accumulated seed storage proteins and oil on medium containing sucrose or other metabolizable sugars, and calluses developed from KK seedlings also accumulated seed storage reserves. The expression of seed maturation genes, which include LEAFY COTYLEDON-type master regulators, in KK seedlings depended on the concentration of sucrose, suggesting that sugar controls the expression of seed maturation genes. Our results suggest that HSI2 and HSL1 repress the sugar-inducible expression of the seed maturation program in seedlings and play an essential role in regulating the transition from seed maturation to seedling growth.
Selective In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (2001)

Like p16, the natural inhibitor of Cdk4, CINK4 inhibits Cdk4 activity in vitro and slows tumor growth in vivo. The specificity of CINK4 for Cdk4 raises the possibility that this small molecule or one with a similar structure could have therapeutic value.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>In vivo</i> Imaging of the Systemic Recruitment of Fibroblasts to the Angiogenic Rim of Ovarian Carcinoma Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Imaging of the Systemic Recruitment of Fibroblasts to the Angiogenic Rim of Ovarian Carcinoma Tumors
Simple generate-evaluate strategy for tight-budget parameter tuning problems (2020)

Good hyperparameter selection is essential for metaheuristic algorithm performance. Tuning is usually a time-consuming and tedious task that requires user expertise for the best results. Automated tuning algorithms can help to speed up this process and even lead to better parameter configurations; however, it requires a vast amount of computing resources. This is especially true for complex real-world problems where a single evaluation of configuration can take minutes, hours or even days. To overcome the problem, the eTuner and eTunerAlgo have been proposed. The distinctive feature of eTunerAlgo is that both algorithm selection and parameter tuning is done automatically. We evaluate proposed algorithms using three metaheuristics-Ant Colony optimization (ACO), Evolutionary Strategy (ES) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and two NP-hard problems - Aerial Surveying Problem (ASP) and Multiple Knapsack Problem (MKP). Furthermore, a metaheuristic tuning benchmark containing 18,760 configurations is generated for efficient method evaluation. The experimental results show that our proposed approach is best suited for a low tuning budget, where within a given time only a small size of configurations can be evaluated.
Influence of Sustained Hypoxia on the Sensation of Dyspnea. (1998)

We assessed the effect of sustained isocapnic hypoxia (PCO2 = 40 Torr, SaO2 = 80%) on the sensation of dyspnea in 16 normal healthy males. Subjects rated the sensation of dyspnea (c) on 15 cm visual analog scales during 20 min of sustained hypoxia. Following this hypoxic period, 8 subjects undertook mild exercise (10-50 W on a bicycle ergometer for 3 min) under the continuation of hypoxia. During sustained hypoxia, psi increased initially with ventilation from 0.6 +/- 0.2 (n = 16, mean +/- SE) to 2.9 +/- 0.6 at peak ventilation, but it decreased with ventilatory depression to 1.6 +/- 0.4. Dyspnea intensity during hypoxic exercise was significantly smaller than that at peak ventilation in the resting hypoxic period (2.3 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.9 +/- 1.0), although the ventilation was greater during exercise (24.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 19.7 +/- 1.4 l/min). These results indicate that sustained hypoxia has a biphasic, i.e., initial stimulatory and delayed depressant, effect on dyspnea and on ventilation. It is suggested that the dyspnea sensing mechanism is suppressed during mild exercise under sustained hypoxia.
Steel Carriage by Sea (2013)

Steel: Carriage by Sea provides invaluable information on how to prevent claims arising when transporting steel, including careful handling, good stowage and care of cargo throughout its entire journey. This book covers every aspect of the transportation and surveying of steel products carried on ships. The fifth edition provides practical advice on: • How to prevent damage to steel cargoes • How to deal with subsequent claims • The different types of steel products manufactured and their particular packing requirements • How the various types of steel products should be loaded, stowed, lashed, secured and ventilated aboard a ship • Maintenance of the ships’ hatchover, tanktop strength and cargo documentation • The surveying and claims handling of the various typesof steel products • The corrosion process of steel
The menopausal syndrome (1974)

Results of a postal questionnaire survey of 638 women aged 45 to 54, living in the London area in 1964-65, indicate (consistently with other recent surveys) that hot flushes and night sweats are clearly associated with the onset of a natural menopause and that they occur in the majority of women. Hot flushes were reported to occur more frequently (usually daily) and over more of the body by women whose menstrual flow showed evidence of change or cessation, and for 25% of those women whose menses had ceased for at least one year, hot flushes persisted for five years or more. The other six symptoms specified, namely, headaches, dizzy spells, palpitations, sleeplessness, depression, and weight increase, showed no direct relationship to the menopause but tended to occur together, each being reported by approximately 30 to 50% of the respondents with little variation according to menopausal status. None of the six sociodemographic variables investigated, i.e., employment status, school leaving age, social class, domestic workload, marital status, and parity, had any marked association with the reported frequency of symptoms. The majority of respondents did not anticipate or experience any difficulties and only about 10% expressed regret at the cessation of menses. Despite embarrassment and/or discomfort from hot flushes, reported by nearly three-quarters of those experiencing this symptom, only one-fifth had apparently sought medical treatment.
Molecular Aspects of the Mammalian Cell Cycle and Cancer (2002)

Cancer arises mainly from mutations in somatic cells. However, it is not the result of a single mutation, rather, it results from increasing genetic disarray accumulated over time. Tumorigenesis in humans is, therefore, a multistep and age-dependent process. The multiple mechanisms and multiple players involved in this process necessitate an understanding of the molecular mechanisms, in order to distinctively classify the tumor sample and to assess the risk and treatment of the disease.
The Role of Glucagon in the Endogenous Hyperglycemia of Diabetes Mellitus (1977)

Recent advances in our understanding of the glucagon-secreting pancreatic a cell as a vital component of the functional machinery of the primary fuel-regulating organ, the islets of Langerhans, have made possible new insights into its physiology and pathophysiology. It has recently been proposed that glucagon, or closely related polypeptides with biologic actions similar to those of glucagon, plays an essential role in the development of the full diabetic syndrome, specifically, endogenous hyperglycemia ( 1, 2) and hyperketonemia (2, 3). If this is true, a safe and practical means of glucagon suppression might have therapeutic potential in improving the currently unsatisfactory methods of controlling diabetic hyperglycemia. The pur­ pose of this review is to consider briefly the evidence that assigns to glucagon a vital role in the maintenance of euglycemia in nondiabetics and a deleterious role in certain of the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes mellitus.
Study of shockpads as energy absorption layer in artificial turf surfaces (2008)

Artificial turf surfaces with an integrated shockpad layer are increasing in use, partially due to the introduction of new non‐styrene‐butadiene rubber infills, which require a shockpad for managing the energy absorption properties of the surface. Selection of appropriate shockpad materials for football pitches is guided by the performance requirements outlined in the FIFA Quality Concept for Artificial Turf [1] manual. Olefinic foams were screened for their performance as shockpads using lab tests in compression along with FIFA Quality Concept (FCQ) tests, both on the foams and on an artificial turf system. Stress response, energy restitution, cyclic loading endurance and creep resistance were generally found to increase with increasing foam density and not be influenced by crosslinking. Foam density was established as the key design variable. The low density foams did not fulfill the FQC performance requirements. At a higher foam density, the nature of the resin played a significant role; elastomeric foams outperforming plastomeric foams by allowing for thinner shockpads at similar energy absorption performance. In addition, FQC test results showed how a well‐designed shockpad could help maintain a uniform performance across the artificial turf surface, overruling the effect of infill height variations caused by players on the field.
Motion estimation using statistical learning theory (2004)

This paper describes a novel application of Statistical Learning Theory (SLT) to single motion estimation and tracking. The problem of motion estimation can be related to statistical model selection, where the goal is to select one (correct) motion model from several possible motion models, given finite noisy samples. SLT, also known as Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC), theory provides analytic generalization bounds for model selection, which have been used successfully for practical model selection. This paper describes a successful application of an SLT-based model selection approach to the challenging problem of estimating optimal motion models from small data sets of image measurements (flow). We present results of experiments on both synthetic and real image sequences for motion interpolation and extrapolation; these results demonstrate the feasibility and strength of our approach. Our experimental results show that for motion estimation applications, SLT-based model selection compares favorably against alternative model selection methods, such as the Akaike's fpe, Schwartz' criterion (sc), Generalized Cross-Validation (gcv), and Shibata's Model Selector (sms). The paper also shows how to address the aperture problem using SLT-based model selection for penalized linear (ridge regression) formulation.
Fixing the city one photo at a time : mobile logging of maintenance requests (2011)

This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for pub-lication in the following source:
Development of Novel Low-Temperature Curable Positive-Tone Photosensitive Dielectric Materials with High Elongation (2016)

Novel Low-temperature curable positive-tone photosensitive polyimides (posi-PSPIs) with high elongationhave been developed as dielectric layers for copperredistribution layers (RDLs). The posi-PSPIs show lowtemperature curable nature, strong adhesion to the copper RDLs and high chemical resistance for establishing multi RDLs by incorporating polyimides with cross-linkers and adhesion promoters. Also, posi-PSPIs are able to achieve the high elongation property by improving the base-polyimides, therefore, the posi-PSPIs' high reliability in packages have been demonstrated as the next generation materials for RDLs.
Recent Trends and Progress in Sustained or Controlled Oral Delivery of Some Water Soluble Drugs: Morphine Salts, Diltiazem and Captopril (1995)

The development of oral controlled release systems has been a challenge to formulation scientists due to their inability to restrain and localise the system at targeted areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Controlled/sustained release preparations using alternative routes have been formulated but the oral route still remains the most desirable. For obvious reason, water soluble drugs are more difficult to deliver orally in sustained or controlled release manner than lipophilic drugs. Attempts have been made to regulate the release process by incorporating hydrophobic fillers within the system or by coating the drug with poorly soluble, swollen or non-swollen polymers or other substances. Others used the so called ‘hydrodynamically balanced systems’ which float in the gastric fluid at the stomach thereby increase the residence time for the device in the GI tract. A new approach has been the use of mucoadhesive systems to increase the residence time of the device within the GI tract. This review focuses on the progress made in the design of controlled/sustained release delivery systems for some water soluble drugs. Highly/freely water soluble diltiazem, captopril and morphine salts have been selected as model drugs due to the leading role they play in their respective field of therapy and their widespread use in treating chronic patients. Particular emphasis is given to delivery systems designed to achieve their once a day dose treatment.
[Detection of serum isoferritin level in 195 patients with cancer]. (1995)

ELISA (double-determinant) was used to detect the serum isoferritin (SIF) levels in 42 patients with nasopharynx cancer (NPC), 38 with lung cancer (LC), 26 with esophageal cancer (EC) and 89 with other cancers, a total of 195 cases (151 males and 44 females). The results revealed that the positive rate of SIF in patients with cancer was 73.8% (144/195), among which, the positive rates in patients of stage I-II, stage III-IV, in patients not operated upon and in those after operation were 64.8%, 81.3%, 81.4% and 63.4%, respectively. Statistics was significantly different in SIF level between the stage I-II and III-IV groups, and between the un-operation and after operation groups (P < 0.001) by rank sum testing. The positive rates of NPC, LC and EC were 73.8%, 86.8% and 73.1%, respectively. The results have demonstrated that isoferritin is a malignant neoplasm associated antigen, and SIF level is related closely with the development of the tumor and operative treatment.
In defense of orthonormality constraints for nonrigid structure from motion (2009)

In factorization approaches to nonrigid structure from motion, the 3D shape of a deforming object is usually modeled as a linear combination of a small number of basis shapes. The original approach to simultaneously estimate the shape basis and nonrigid structure exploited ortho-normality constraints for metric rectification. Recently, it has been asserted that structure recovery through ortho-normality constraints alone is inherently ambiguous and cannot result in a unique solution. This assertion has been accepted as conventional wisdom and is the justification of many remedial heuristics in literature. Our key contribution is to prove that ortho-normality constraints are in fact sufficient to recover the 3D structure from image observations alone. We characterize the true nature of the ambiguity in using ortho-normality constraints for the shape basis and show that it has no impact on structure reconstruction. We conclude from our experimentation that the primary challenge in using shape basis for nonrigid structure from motion is the difficulty in the optimization problem rather than the ambiguity in ortho-normality constraints.
Fractionation Of Heparin By Human PF-4 Affinity Resin (1981)

Platelet factor 4 (PF-4) is a high affinity heparin binding protein, specifically released from the alpha granule upon platelet activation. We have coupled purified human PF-4 to Sepharose and utilized salt gradients to fractionate commercial porcine sodium heparin. Under these conditions, all of the applied heparin bound to the PF-4, uni ike heparin fractionation by antithrombin but similar to heparin fractionation by thrombin or protamine. Three heparin fractions can be distinguished, eluting at approximately 0.5, 0.7 and 0.85 M NaCl. When each fraction was evaluated for its specific activity, no differences were apparent between the starting product and these fractions for USP units. However, the three fractions were each capable of prolonging the activated PTT clotting time of citrated pooled monkey plasma. The final fraction, 0.85 M, gave a four-fold longer APTT time than non-heparinized control plasma. There was no resolution of the antithrombotic and anticoagulant heparin activities. Each of these fractions is capable of competing effectively with PF-4 and its purified proteoglycan (PG) carrier to cause dissociation of the natural PG-PF-4 complex. These systems indicate that PF-4 whether released singularly or in complex form, will readily bind to natural heparinlike compounds with a high affinity and will function as a competitive inhibitor of the anti thrombin of plasma. Prior resolution of heparin, by chromatography on thrombin or protamine resins does not result in the purification of a more highly active fraction than was obtained by PF-4 chromatography alone. Experiments are underway to determine whether such procedures yields heparin with significantly longer animal survival times.
Ring-Closing Metathesis of Chiral Allylamines. Enantioselective Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxyproline (2002)

The ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of two types of unsaturated chiral allylamines III, easily available from enantiomerically enriched epoxy alcohols, has been studied. Fully protected allylamines IIIa [(1)R = CH(2)-(CH(2))(n)()-CH=CH(2); (2)R = Boc; (3)R = PMB] have been prepared from unsaturated epoxy alcohols, whereas bis-allylamines IIIb ((1)R = Ph, (2)R = allyl,(3)R = Boc or PMB) have been prepared from 2,3-epoxy-3-phenylpropanol. Both types have been subjected to RCM to provide either cyclic allylamine I or II. The synthetic potential of these intermediates has been demonstrated by the enantioselective synthesis of (2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyproline.
New Physics in $B_q^0-\bar B_q^0$ Mixing: Present Challenges, Prospects, and Implications for $B_q^0\toμ^+μ^-$ (2022)

The phenomenon of $B^0_q-\bar B^0_q$ mixing ($q=d,s$) provides a sensitive probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. We explore the corresponding space for New Physics left through the current data, having a careful look at analyses of the Unitarity Triangle that are needed for the Standard Model predictions of the $B_q$ mixing parameters. In particular, we explore the impact of tensions between inclusive and exclusive determinations of the CKM matrix elements $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$. Moreover, we focus on the angle $γ$ of the Unitarity Triangle, comparing measurements from $B\to DK$ and $B\toππ$, $ρπ$, $ρρ$ decays, where the latter are typically interpreted in terms of the angle $α$. We discuss various scenarios and present the corresponding state-of-the-art constraints on the New Physics parameters of $B_q^0-\bar B_q^0$ mixing. We point out that these results have an interesting application in the analysis of rare $B_q^0\to μ^+μ^-$ decays, allowing us to minimise the impact of CKM parameters in the search for New Physics. In view of the high-precision era, we make future projections. Interestingly, we find that for the extraction of the New Physics parameters in the $B_d$ system the determination of the apex of the Unitarity Triangle results in a key limiting factor. By contrast, the corresponding impact is negligible for the $B_s$ system, making it a promising candidate to reveal sources of New Physics.
Acute multiple sclerosis (marburg type) is associated with developmentally immature myelin basic protein (1996)

We have studied a case of acute, fulminating multiple sclerosis (MS) (Marburg type) at the pathological and biochemical levels. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed extensive areas of gross rarefaction in the hemispheric white matter. Histologically, well-demarcated areas of demyelination with a large influx of macrophages and a subtle perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes were seen with relative preservation of the axis cylinders. Myelin basic protein (MBP) was isolated and purified [correction of purifed] from noninvolved white matter. It was slightly larger in molecular weight than MBP from normal brain or from chronic MS brain. The increase in mass was accounted for, in part, by the deimination of 18 of 19 arginyl residues to citrulline, making the patient's MBP much less cationic than MBP from normal white matter. When expressed as the ratio of least cationic form of MBP to the most cationic (C-8/C-1), the normal ratio was 0.82, chronic MS 2.5, and the patient in this study 6.7. Because the ratio of 6.7 was similar to 7.5 found for a 15-month-old infant, MBP was considered to be of the immature form. The data are consistent with a genetic factor influencing the charge microheterogeneity of MBP. The resulting less cationic MBP cannot carry out its normal function of compacting multilayers.
Implementation of Dynamic Radius Outlier Removal (DROR) Algorithm on LiDAR Point Cloud Data with Arbitrary White Noise Addition (2022)

In autonomous vehicles or robots, the LiDAR sensor plays the most efficient role in achieving the best environmental perception due to its superior resolution and field of view. Under adverse weather conditions, such as fog, mist, rain, or snow, undesired sparse measurement points blend into the original point cloud, which in turn make an effect in the forms of missing detections or false positives. Under the heaviest precipitations, these undesired sparse measurement points, also known as noise points, can even be misinterpreted as an object by an autonomous vehicle or robot, which brings the autonomous entity to a complete stop. Surprisingly, very little research has been carried out to filter out the noises in the LiDAR point cloud data under adverse weather conditions. In this paper, two of the most efficient LiDAR data filtration techniques reported, i.e., Radius Outlier Removal (ROR) and Dynamic Radius Outlier Removal (DROR), have been compared using an existing LiDAR point cloud. For the very first time, under different concentrations of added noise, the effectiveness of DROR filtration algorithm on the LiDAR point cloud has been demonstrated. For each of the concentrations of noise, DROR filtration yields an effective filtration method based on performance metrics analysis and by keeping the original LiDAR data intact and removing most of the noise points. Additionally, a large number of noise points, which pertain to an extreme weather condition, has been generated, followed by the implementation of DROR filtration on a highly noisy LiDAR point cloud. DROR filtration reduces very few points on the original LiDAR point cloud and almost every noise point has been removed over a good range of LiDAR (nearly 70 meters), which indicates an effective filtration in extreme weather condition.