gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
alpha-Ketoisocaproate is superior to leucine in sparing glucose utilization in humans (1986)

The present study was designed to examine the glucose-sparing effect of leucine and its keto acid alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) in vivo. Two groups of overnight-fasted normal volunteers were studied. In the first group, eight subjects received an intravenous infusion of leucine and six subjects received KIC (2.3 mumol X kg-1 X min-1) for 3 h; on another occasion, all subjects received saline and acted as their own controls. In the second group, 11 subjects received an infusion of 1 mU X kg-1 X min-1 for 3 h with a variable glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia. On another occasion, five subjects received an additional infusion of leucine and six subjects received KIC each at 2.3 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 for 3 h. The amount of exogenous glucose required to maintain euglycemia (M, mg X kg-1 X min-1) was used as an index of total body glucose utilization. Forearm exchange of leucine, KIC, glucose, and lactate was determined in both groups. Both leucine and KIC infusions alone decreased glucose uptake (42 and 40%) and increased lactate release (37 and 116%, respectively). Hyperinsulinemia (6-fold basal) and euglycemia resulted in a fivefold increase in glucose uptake across the human forearm. The amount of exogenous glucose required to maintain euglycemia averaged 7.4 +/- 0.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1. The combination of leucine and insulin infusions did not alter the stimulated forearm glucose uptake nor did it change M (7.25 +/- 0.6 mg X kg-1 X min-1, P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Translating Traffic Engineering outcome into Segment Routing paths: The Encoding problem (2016)

Traffic Engineering (TE) algorithms aims at determining the packet routing paths in order to satisfy specific QoS requirements. These paths are normally established through control procedures e.g., exchange of RSVP messages in MPLS networks or links weights modification in pure IP networks. An increase of control traffic or long convergence time intervals, respectively, are the drawbacks of these solutions. Segment Routing (SR) is a new network paradigm able to implement TE routing strategies over legacy IP/MPLS networks with no need of dedicated signaling procedures. This result is obtained by inserting in each packet header an ordered list of instructions, called Segments List, that indicates the path to be crossed. This paper provides the formulation of the Segment List Encoding problem i.e., the detection of the proper Segment Lists to obtain TE network paths minimizing the Segment Lists sizes. The SL encoding procedure is composed of two steps: i) the creation of an auxiliary graph representing the forwarding paths between the couple of source and destination nodes; ii) the solution of a Multi-commodity Flow (MCF) problem over the auxiliary graph. The performance evaluation shows that properly performing SL encoding allows to implement TE outcome with a reduced reconfiguration cost with respect to E2E tunneling and Hop-by-Hop solutions; moreover a significant advantage in terms of packets overhead is obtained.
Parallel processing of working memory and temporal information by distinct types of cortical projection neurons (2021)

It is unclear how different types of cortical projection neurons work together to support diverse cortical functions. We examined the discharge characteristics and inactivation effects of intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons-two major types of cortical excitatory neurons that project to cortical and subcortical structures, respectively-in the deep layer of the medial prefrontal cortex in mice performing a delayed response task. We found stronger target-dependent firing of IT than PT neurons during the delay period. We also found the inactivation of IT neurons, but not PT neurons, impairs behavioral performance. In contrast, PT neurons carry more temporal information than IT neurons during the delay period. Our results indicate a division of labor between IT and PT projection neurons in the prefrontal cortex for the maintenance of working memory and for tracking the passage of time, respectively.
Interim report on the effective intraperitoneal therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in pet dogs using “Neo-Islets,” aggregates of adipose stem and pancreatic islet cells (INAD 012-776) (2019)

We previously reported that allogeneic, intraperitoneally administered "Neo-Islets," composed of cultured pancreatic islet cells co-aggregated with high numbers of immunoprotective and cytoprotective Adipose-derived Stem Cells, reestablished, through omental engraftment, redifferentiation and splenic and omental up-regulation of regulatory T-cells, normoglycemia in autoimmune Type-1 Diabetic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice without the use of immunosuppressive agents or encapsulation devices. Based on these observations, we are currently testing this Neo-Islet technology in an FDA guided pilot study (INAD 012-776) in insulin-dependent, spontaneously diabetic pet dogs by ultrasound-guided, intraperitoneal administration of 2x10e5 Neo-Islets/kilogram body weight to metabolically controlled (blood glucose, triglycerides, thyroid and adrenal functions) and sedated animals. We report here interim observations on the first 4 canine Neo-Islet-treated, insulin-dependent pet dogs that are now in the early to intermediate-term follow-up phase of the planned 3 year study (> 6 months post treatment). Current results from this translational study indicate that in dogs, Neo-Islets appear to engraft, redifferentiate and physiologically produce insulin, and are rejected by neither auto- nor allo-immune responses, as evidenced by (a) an absent IgG response to the allogeneic cells contained in the administered Neo-Islets, and (b) progressively improved glycemic control that achieves up to a 50% reduction in daily insulin needs paralleled by a statistically significant decrease in serum glucose concentrations. This is accomplished without the use of anti-rejection drugs or encapsulation devices. No adverse or serious adverse events related to the Neo-Islet administration have been observed to date. We conclude that this minimally invasive therapy has significant translational relevance to veterinary and clinical Type 1 diabetes mellitus by achieving complete and at this point partial glycemic control in two species, i.e., diabetic mice and dogs, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,6‐Disubstituted 2‐Methylpyridines and Their 3‐ Carboxamides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In memory of Professor Ernst-Ulrich Schlünder: An outstanding scientist in drying technology (2022)

"In memory of Professor Ernst-Ulrich Schlünder: An outstanding scientist in drying technology." Drying Technology, 40(5), pp. 1027–1028
Algoritmo Simplificado para o Diagnóstico Diferencial das Taquicardias com QRS Largo. Seria Essa a Melhor Forma de Treinar os Jovens Médicos? (2021)

Fazer o diagnóstico correto de uma taquicardia ventricular em uma sala de emergência (SE), com pouco tempo de decisão e somente com o eletrocardiograma (ECG) é um desafio que depende de muito preparo por parte do médico que atende esse paciente. Qualquer instrumento que venha a facilitar e agilizar esse processo, principalmente aumentando o grau de acurácia, é também digno de elogios, principalmente considerando que, nem sempre, o médico plantonista é cardiologista, ou menos provável, é um arritmologista treinado o [...]
Adaptive tool support for database reverse engineering (2003)

Today's information technology undergoes dramatic mass changes due to urgent requirements like the Year 2000 problem, the European currency union and emerging technologies like the World Wide Web. Many older industrial database applications do not meet these requirements. Often, such legacy databases (LDB) have evolved over several generations of programmers and lack a sufficient technical documentation. However, this documentation is a prerequisite to migrate LDBs to new technologies. Recovering this documentation is a complex task that requires a high amount of expert knowledge and coordination. Computer-aided reverse engineering (CARE) tools have a great potential to reduce this complexity. Still, a practical limitation of current CARE tools is their lack of customizability. In most cases, reverse engineering (RE) knowledge is hardly adaptable, because it has been implemented in general-purpose programming languages. We outline an approach that overcomes this limitation. We introduce a dedicated formalism to specify uncertain RE knowledge. Furthermore, we adapt the backpropagation algorithm to obtain a CARE tool that automatically adjusts the confidences of the implemented RE knowledge to its current application context.
Photofabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals by multibeam laser interference into a photopolymerizable resin (2000)

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal structures can be fabricated into photopolymerizable resins by using laser beam interference with high precision. Three laser beams interfere into a glass cell filled with a liquid photopolymerizable resin to form a hexagonal periodic structure. Rods are formed in a hexagonal arrangement after being photopolymerzed according to the 3D periodic light distribution which results from the laser’s interference. Two beams of another laser also interfere to form layers which cross perpendicular to the rod array. After photofabrication, the nonsolidified resin is removed by ethanol. The lattice constant can be selected by tuning the angles of the incident beams and the laser wavelength. We have fabricated a 500 μm×500 μm×150 μm photonic crystal structure, the lattice constant of which is 1 μm and contains 150 lateral layers.
Synthetic disialylgalactose immunoadsorbents deplete anti-GQ1b antibodies from autoimmune neuropathy sera (2003)

Acute and chronic autoimmune neuropathies, including Guillain-Barré syndromes (GBS) are often characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that react with neural gangliosides. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that anti-ganglioside antibodies play a primary neuropathogenic role, and their rapid elimination from the circulation through specific immunoadsorption therapy thus has the potential to ameliorate the course of the disease. Here we have tested this therapeutic principle in the Miller Fisher variant of GBS that is associated serologically with acute phase anti-GQ1b ganglioside immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and in chronic ataxic neuropathies associated with persistently elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that react with GQ1b, GD3 and other disialylated gangliosides. Human and mouse anti-GQ1b IgG and IgM antibodies may also react with GD3, suggesting the shared terminal disialoside epitope could be involved in antibody binding. We thus synthesized the terminal trisaccharide, NeuAc(alpha2-8)NeuAc(alpha2-3)Gal common to GQ1b and GD3, and conjugated it to bovine serum albumin (BSA). This disialylgalactose glycoconjugate (DSG-BSA) binds anti-GQ1b antibodies in 32/58 (55%) human sera containing IgG or IgM anti-GQ1b antibodies at titres up to 1/130 000; it also binds a wide range of mouse monoclonal anti-GQ1b and -GD3 antibodies. When conjugated to Sepharose as mock therapeutic immmunoaffinity columns, the immobilized trisaccharide (DSG-Sepharose) eliminates anti-GQ1b antibodies from positive sera in proportion to their level of binding to DSG-BSA. Oligosaccharide-specific immunoadsorption therapy thus provides a new therapeutic approach to anti-GQ1b antibody-associated syndromes that could be applied to clinical practice. Furthermore, modification of the immobilized oligosaccharide epitopes to incorporate other glycan structures may allow this approach to be adapted to other forms of autoimmune neuropathy associated with uniform anti-glycolipid antibody profiles.
Model for non-rayleigh clutter amplitudes using compound inverse gaussian distribution: an experimental analysis (2015)

A statistical model for high-resolution sea clutter, which we have called the compound inverse Gaussian (CIG) distribution, is proposed. The model is a mixture of the Rayleigh distribution and the inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution to model the speckle and the texture components, respectively. The CIG probability density function (pdf) is generalized to account for the additive thermal noise to achieve a good match to real data. The overall pdf is given in an integral form as a function of three parameters which are estimated from the recorded data based on the parametric curve-fitting estimation (PCFE) method of the complementary cumulative distributed function (CCDF). The Nelder-Mead (N-M) simplex algorithm is used to provide the best estimates of the pdf parameters. Using the IPIX backscatter database, the fitting of the CIG pdfs and the cumulative distributed functions (cdfs) are assessed and compared with the fitted Weibull, log-normal, Rician inverse Gaussian (RiIG), K plus noise, compound log-normal (CLN), and Pareto plus noise distributions. Experimental fitting results show that the sea-clutter amplitudes obey the proposed CIG model in most cases.
Towards a general-purpose neurocomputing system (2002)

The focus of European neural computing research is the ESPRIT II PYGMALION Project, and its successor GALATEA. The authors present their view of this general-purpose neurocomputing system. They describe the PYGMALION programming environment and propose a design for the GALATEA neurocomputing system and neurocomputer architecture. Lastly, they discuss the design of 'neural' chips for the neurocomputer (general-purpose circuits), and the silicon compiler (for special-purpose circuits) which uses PYGMALION's intermediate level language nC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A New Path Delay Test Scheme Based on Path Delay Inertia (2005)

This paper proposes a new path delay test scheme based on path delay inertia. The scheme only applies pulses of specified widths, which are proportional to path delays, to paths-under-test. It is simple, eliminating the conventional two-pattern test for delay faults. Issues, such as sensitivity of applied pulse widths w.r.t. path delay, related with the scheme were studied and an experimental chip was implemented to demonstrate the scheme.
Sn10O4S208−: Ein neuer Typ eines Polyanions (1975)

Das bisher größte Zinn-Polyanion hat die Zusammensetzung [Sn10O4S20]8-. Es wurde in Form seiner Caesium-Verbindung isoliert und hat die Struktur (1).
Single Solution Based Metaheuristics (2017)

The objective of optimization is to find the global and/or the local optimum or optima. Depending on the optimization problem being addressed, one or more methods can be applied, and one of them may be more suitable than the others. These methods include the class of path-based methods also called single-solution metaheuristics. This chapter introduces a number of path-based methods starting with most common algorithms, notably descent methods, simulated annealing, microcanonical annealing and even tabu search. It proceeds with exploratory local search algorithms that incorporate other path-based methods such as the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search (GRASP) method, variable neighborhood search, guided local search and iterated local search. The chapter also presents other methods such as Nelder and Mead's simplex method, the noising method and smoothing methods. All these methods are considered to be local searches, because they are based on intensification that allows a good quality solution to be obtained.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS HETEROZYGOTE RESISTANCE TO CHOLERA TOXIN IN THE CYSTIC FIBROSIS MOUSE MODEL (1995)

The authors propose that the widespread distribution of cystic fibrosis may reflect an underlying benefit to heterozygous individuals for CFTR mutations via increased resistance to secretory diarrhea. Ironically, in the homozygous state, CFTR disfunction leads to increased infection with a variety of respiratory and other pathogens, thus negating any benefit to human homozygotes.
Lower Limb Joint Range of Motion Considering Inter-joint Dependencies (2011)

A realistic simulation of joint range of motion is critical to a successful application of digital human models. However, current models lack the simulation of inter-joint dependencies. Numerous authors investigated joint range of motion regarding effects of age and gender and extensive data are available, but very few studies took inter-joint dependencies into account. This study aims to fill this gap by measuring active joint range of motion for hip, knee and ankle of 18 subjects using motion capture methods. Joint angles and degrees of freedom of adjacent joints are studied. Results show that there is a strong relation between hip and knee flexion angle for both flexion and extension and mathematical models are given. Other relations were found to be negligible. The results can be of direct use for the application of digital human models.
CÉLULAS-TRONCO E NEUROGÊNESE Stem cells and neurogenesis (2004)

The study of stem cells became a fascinating field in the scientific area that more and more is attracting and causing motivations in researchers all over the world, in the last years its applications turned the stem cells one of the most researched fields. The stem cells can be removed mainly from the adult bone marrow or from the umbilical cord, but it is in the embryo or in the developing zygote that they possess unique capacity of differentiation in all body cells, and they are called stem cells. The study of the neurogenesis in the adult individual is another area in which many studies are being accomplished. Some time ago the neurogenesis was only accepted in the embryonic developing phase, in other words, during the fetus generation and a little later, in the post-native period when all of the individual's neurons would be formed, for that reason, speaking in adult neurogenesis was, for many scientists, an absurd. The first adult neurogenesis report dates from 40 years ago, but just now this is being accepted. Today exist a lot of opinions on this subject, some of them are expressed in this paper.
Structures of the Bacterial Ribosome in Classical and Hybrid States of tRNA Binding (2011)

During protein synthesis, the ribosome controls the movement of tRNA and mRNA by means of large-scale structural rearrangements. We describe structures of the intact bacterial ribosome from Escherichia coli that reveal how the ribosome binds tRNA in two functionally distinct states, determined to a resolution of ~3.2 angstroms by means of x-ray crystallography. One state positions tRNA in the peptidyl-tRNA binding site. The second, a fully rotated state, is stabilized by ribosome recycling factor and binds tRNA in a highly bent conformation in a hybrid peptidyl/exit site. The structures help to explain how the ratchet-like motion of the two ribosomal subunits contributes to the mechanisms of translocation, termination, and ribosome recycling.
Leishmanicidal phenolic compounds derived from Dalbergia cultrata (2020)

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan tropical infection that is estimated to be more than 0.3 million new cases occur annually worldwide. A novel phenolic compound, cultratin A (<b>1</b>), was isolated as a leishmanicidal constituent from the timber of <i>Dalbergia cultrata,</i> along with three known neoflavanoids (<b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>), two benzofurans (<b>5</b>, <b>6</b>), and two phenolic compounds (<b>7</b>, <b>8</b>). Their structures were determined using spectral methods. Among them, a new compound (<b>1</b>) and 4-(<i>S</i>)-methoxydalbergione (<b>2</b>) showed effective leishmanicidal activities (IC<sub>50</sub>: 2.0 and 2.6 μM, respectively), while compound <b>8</b> showed moderate activity (IC<sub>50</sub>: 11 μM). The cytotoxicity of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> was also weaker than that of the other compounds.
Stable rank-adaptive Dynamically Orthogonal Runge-Kutta schemes (2022)

We develop two new sets of stable, rank-adaptive Dynamically Orthogonal Runge-Kutta (DORK) schemes that capture the high-order curvature of the nonlinear low-rank manifold. The DORK schemes asymptotically approximate the truncated singular value decomposition at a greatly reduced cost while preserving mode continuity using newly derived retractions. We show that arbitrarily high-order optimal perturbative retractions can be obtained, and we prove that these new retractions are stable. In addition, we demonstrate that repeatedly applying retractions yields a gradient-descent algorithm on the low-rank manifold that converges superlinearly when approximating a low-rank matrix. When approximating a higher-rank matrix, iterations converge linearly to the best low-rank approximation. We then develop a rank-adaptive retraction that is robust to overapproximation. Building off of these retractions, we derive two rank-adaptive integration schemes that dynamically update the subspace upon which the system dynamics are projected within each time step: the stable, optimal Dynamically Orthogonal Runge-Kutta (so-DORK) and gradient-descent Dynamically Orthogonal Runge-Kutta (gd-DORK) schemes. These integration schemes are numerically evaluated and compared on an ill-conditioned matrix differential equation, an advection-diffusion partial differential equation, and a nonlinear, stochastic reaction-diffusion partial differential equation. Results show a reduced error accumulation rate with the new stable, optimal and gradient-descent integrators. In addition, we find that rank adaptation allows for highly accurate solutions while preserving computational efficiency.
Interactions between lipid and insulin in the regulation of apolipoprotein B secretion (1996)

Conference Article| May 01 1996 Interactions between lipid and insulin in the regulation of apolipoprotein B secretion A-M. Brown; A-M. Brown 1Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, Metabolic Research Laboratory., Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Rd, OXFORD. OX2 6HE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G.F. Gibbons G.F. Gibbons 1Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, Metabolic Research Laboratory., Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Rd, OXFORD. OX2 6HE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 183S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024183s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A-M. Brown, G.F. Gibbons; Interactions between lipid and insulin in the regulation of apolipoprotein B secretion. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 183S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024183s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A complete indoor positioning system implementing six-port interferometers (2010)

This work presents a complete in-door microwave localization system based on six-port interferometry. Using two planar fan beam antennas and an interferometer with power detectors, the angle of arrival (AOA) from a 2.4 GHz ISM-Band transmitter is determined. With two receivers the position of the transmitter is computed from the direction angles and displayed on a PC. The manufactured prototype detects and localizes a transmitter inside a room with an accuracy of about 10 to 20 cm. It is proposed to use the system for the telemetry control of small unmanned aerial vehicles inside closed buildings where GPS systems are not available.