gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cell Line Induced by 4,5-Didehydro geranylgeranoic Acid (Acyclic Retinoid) via Down-Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-α (1996)

Synthetic 4,5-didehydro GGA (geranylgeranoic acid), a potent ligand both for cellular retinoic acid-binding protein and for nuclear retinoid receptors, induced apoptosis in human hepatoma-derived cell line HuH-7 but not in primary hepatocytes, although all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid did not induce any growth inhibition. Either exogenous transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) or epidermal growth factor(EGF) prevented the cells from apoptosis in the presence of 4,5-didehydro GGA, but hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin or triiodothyronine was essentially inactive. 4,5-Didehydro GGA down-regulated the cellular levels of TGF alpha mRNA as early as 30 min after the treatment. Either anti-TGF alpha or anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody induced apoptosis in HuH-7 cells without using the acid. Taken together, the present study strongly suggests that 4,5-didehydro GGA induced apoptosis in HuH-7 cells through the destruction of autocrine loop consisting of TGF alpha and EGF receptor, due to the down regulation of TGF alpha gene expression.
Postnatal changes in responses of rat dorsal horn cells to afferent stimulation: a fibre‐induced sensitization (1998)

1. In vivo extracellular recordings were made of 171 dorsal horn cells in both superficial and deep laminae in urethane-anaesthetized newborn rats aged 3, 6, 10 and 21 days, and their response to single and repeated stimuli to primary afferent fibres investigated. 2. No long-latency spike responses were evoked in response to C fibre stimulation in pups at postnatal day 3 (P3) or P6, while by P10, 35 % of cells had a C fibre response. Latencies of response to A fibre skin stimulation were very long and varied widely in the youngest animals, particularly in superficial cells, but mean latencies decreased with postnatal age, from 33.1 +/- 2.78 ms at P3 to 7.3 +/- 0.3 ms at P21. The mean number of spikes evoked by a single A fibre skin stimulus was remarkably consistent between cells and not significantly different in superficial and deep laminae at each age. The mean value of 5.1 +/- 0.6 at P3 increased to 7.0 +/- 1.4 at P10. 3. Repeated stimulation of cutaneous A fibres at 0.5 Hz at twice the threshold level did not significantly alter the magnitude of the evoked response but led to shifts in latency, or 'latency jitter', which decreased with age. Deeper cells displayed more latency jitter than superficial cells. 4. Repeated stimulation of cutaneous A fibres at 0.5 Hz at twice the threshold level produced considerable sensitization in a population of dorsal horn cells in the neonate. This sensitization was unlike the classic C fibre-evoked 'wind-up' observed in adult dorsal horn. The direct A fibre-evoked activity did not increase, but the background activity increased during repetitive stimulation leading to a prolonged after-discharge beyond the stimulation period. At P6, 33 % of cells were sensitized, displaying a mean after-discharge of 70.6 +/- 18 s. At P10, only 6 % were sensitized, with a mean after-discharge of 63 s, and by P21, sensitization was no longer observed. 5. The present study demonstrates that the postsynaptic activity evoked in neonatal dorsal horn cells by cutaneous afferents differs considerably from that in adults. The results may account for the known behavioural reflex sensitization to low-intensity cutaneous stimulation observed in neonatal rats and man.
Early Interferon Therapy and Abortion of Posttransfusion Hepatitis C Viral Infection (1995)

We studied the role of an "early" 4-month course of interferon therapy on posttransfusion viral hepatitis C (PTH-C). Paired serum samples of 51 consecutive recipients, taken before and 7-20 days after blood transfusion, were prospectively tested for hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Seven recipients experienced seroconversion of HCV RNA after transfusion. Two of the seven patients underwent an early 4-month course of interferon alpha therapy at a dose of 3 mU per day for 5 days during the first week, then three times a week for the subsequent 15 weeks. The first patient was treated at a very early stage of acute PTH-C and responded well to interferon therapy. Acute PTH-C in the second patient was prevented by interferon therapy. Both patients had normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels and tested negative for anti-HCV and HCV RNA 12 months after the end of treatment. Four of the five patients not on interferon therapy developed abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase activities more than five times the normal upper limit (383 +/- 143 IU/L) at 2-18 weeks after transfusion. All four patients experienced seroconversion of anti-HCV, and three patients developed chronic hepatitis. This study suggests that early long-term interferon therapy has the potential to prevent PTH-C.
Introduction to JSTQE Issue on Photonics for Deep Learning and Neural Computing (2020)

The papers in this special section examine neuromorphic photonics which combines optical physics and unconventional computing, resulting in a new class of ultrafast information processors for neuromorphic information and signal processing, machine learning, and high-performance computing. These processors can enable applications where low latency, high bandwidth, and low switching energies are paramount. Fundamentally, such computing concepts heavily depend on interconnects, a functionality where photonic processors can significantly outperform electronic systems. By combining the high bandwidth and efficiency of photonic devices with the adaptive, parallelism and complexity similar to the brain, photonic neural networks have the potential to be faster than conventional neural networks, while consuming less energy.
Air chemistry over the tropical forest of Guyana (1986)

The tropical forests of the world are hypothesized to be an important source and/or sink for a number of atmospheric gas and aerosol species. As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment, an aircraft flight (June 27, 1984) was conducted over the wet tropical forest of Guyana for purposes of characterizing the forest boundary layer. Instrumentation onboard the NASA Electra aircraft included measurement systems for a variety of chemical species, including ozone, carbon monoxide, dimethylsulfide, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and aerosols. The data reported represent the first comprehensive characterization of the wet tropical forest boundary layer from an aircraft platform. The data indicate that the boundary layer is a source of carbon monoxide, isoprene, and dimethylsulfide as well as being a sink for ozone. Reported aerosol data, including number density, mass concentration, and composition, indicate an increased aerosol presence in the boundary layer relative to the overriding troposphere. From an analysis of the aerosol composition this increase is the result of direct emissions from the forest as well as from various photochemical processes. The data are discussed in terms of their significance in the understanding of the wet tropical forest boundary layer as a source or sink for various species important to tropospheric chemistry.
Frequency and potential dependence of reversible electrocatalytic hydrogen interconversion by [FeFe]-hydrogenases (2017)

The kinetics of hydrogen oxidation and evolution by [FeFe]-hydrogenases have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-resolving factors that determine the exceptional activity of these enzymes, and introducing an unusual and powerful way of analyzing their catalytic electron transport properties. Attached to an electrode, hydrogenases display reversible electrocatalytic behavior close to the 2H<sup>+</sup>/H<sub>2</sub> potential, making them paradigms for efficiency: the electrocatalytic "exchange" rate (measured around zero driving force) is therefore an unusual parameter with theoretical and practical significance. Experiments were carried out on two [FeFe]-hydrogenases, <i>Cr</i>HydA1 from the green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, which contains only the active-site "H cluster," and <i>Cp</i>I from the fermentative anaerobe <i>Clostridium pasteurianum</i>, which contains four low-potential FeS clusters that serve as an electron relay in addition to the H cluster. Data analysis yields catalytic exchange rates (at the formal 2H<sup>+</sup>/H<sub>2</sub> potential, at 0 °C) of 157 electrons (78 molecules H<sub>2</sub>) per second for <i>Cp</i>I and 25 electrons (12 molecules H<sub>2</sub>) per second for <i>Cr</i>HydA1. The experiments show how the potential dependence of catalytic electron flow comprises frequency-dependent and frequency-independent terms that reflect the proficiencies of the catalytic site and the electron transfer pathway in each enzyme. The results highlight the "wire-like" behavior of the Fe-S electron relay in <i>Cp</i>I and a low reorganization energy for electron transfer on/off the H cluster.
Facile transformation of imine covalent organic frameworks into ultrastable crystalline porous aromatic frameworks (2018)

The growing interest in two-dimensional imine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is inspired by their crystalline porous structures and the potential for extensive π-electron delocalization. The intrinsic reversibility and strong polarization of imine linkages, however, leads to insufficient chemical stability and optoelectronic properties. Developing COFs with improved robustness and π-delocalization is highly desirable but remains an unsettled challenge. Here we report a facile strategy that transforms imine-linked COFs into ultrastable porous aromatic frameworks by kinetically fixing the reversible imine linkage via an aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. The as-formed, quinoline-linked COFs not only retain crystallinity and porosity, but also display dramatically enhanced chemical stability over their imine-based COF precursors, rendering them among the most robust COFs up-to-date that can withstand strong acidic, basic and redox environment. Owing to the chemical diversity of the cycloaddition reaction and structural tunability of COFs, the pores of COFs can be readily engineered to realize pre-designed surface functionality.
Stabilized unidimensional deconvolution-based imaging conditions in Marchenko imaging (2018)

Multiple reflections are typically not accounted for in seismic migration processes, which can lead to the emergence of artifacts. In Marchenko imaging, we retrieve the complete up- and downgoing wavefields in the subsurface to construct an image without such artifacts. The quality of this image depends on the type of imaging condition that is applied. In this work, we introduce an imaging condition that is based on stabilized unidimensional deconvolution (SUD). Two specific approaches are considered. In the first approach, we use the full up- and downgoing wavefields for deconvolution. Although this leads to balanced and relatively accurate amplitudes, the crosstalk is not completely removed. The second one is to incorporate the initial focusing function in the deconvolution process, in such a way that the retrieval of crosstalk is avoided. We compare images with the results of the classical cross-correlation imaging condition, which we apply to reverse-time migrated wavefields and to the up- and downgoing wavefields that are retrieved by the Marchenko method. Presentation Date: Monday, October 15, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: Poster Station 21 Presentation Type: Poster
Resveratrol for Alzheimer's disease (2017)

The amyloid hypothesis suggests that the progressive accumulation and deposition of central nervous system (CNS) amyloid with aging is the proximate cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, targeting molecular mechanisms of aging may be a viable treatment approach. Caloric restriction prevents diseases of aging, including AD, in animal models, perhaps by activation of sirtuins. The sirtuins (e.g., mammalian SIRT1) are deacetylases that link energy balance (NAD<sup>+</sup> /NADH) to regulation of gene transcription. Resveratrol is a potent activator of SIRT1, and thus may mimic caloric restriction to prevent diseases of aging. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial of resveratrol for individuals with mild-to-moderate AD. Resveratrol (1) is detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (at low nanomolar levels), (2) is safe and well tolerated, (3) alters AD biomarker trajectories, (4) preserves blood-brain barrier integrity, and (5) modulates the CNS immune response. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of resveratrol and the validity of this approach in the treatment and prevention of AD and other diseases of aging.
Graded contribution of retinal maturation to the development of oxygen-induced retinopathy in rats. (2001)

The results strongly suggest that the structural and functional retinal changes secondary to postnatal hyperoxia are not only the direct consequence of exposure to high levels of oxygen (i.e., free radicals), but also are determined by the level of retinal maturity reached at the time of oxygen exposure. The results also indicate that the structural anomalies precede the functional impairments.
Large cross-phase modulation and four wave mixingin tellurite EDFAs (1999)

Models are presented which show that, for WDM systems, XPM and FWM in EDFAs can be far larger for tellurite than for silica (tens of dB larger for FWM), because tellurite is highly nonlinear. Experimental results for XPM are presented.
Metal-organic framework electrodes for sodium ion batteries (2023)

A sodium ion battery comprises a cathode having a porous redox active metal-organic framework material. The battery can be an organic electrolyte sodium ion battery wherein the electrolyte comprises a sodium salt dissolved in an organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents. Alternatively, the battery can comprise an aqueous sodium ion battery wherein the electrolyte comprises a sodium salt dissolved in an aqueous solvent. Battery performance is especially related to electrolyte and binder selection.
Layered Organic‐Inorganic Materials (2016)

“What would the properties of materials be if we could really arrange the atoms (molecules) the way we want them?” Besides, Feynman conjectured “What could we do with layered structures with just the right layers?” The chemistry of layered zirconium phosphate (ZrP) gives excellent possibilities to achieve the goal of designing porous solids of controlled molecular geometry, a challenge of enormous technological and scientific importance. The placing of organic molecules between the layers of ZrP is quite straightforward, can easily be controlled, and leads to enduring solid materials where the confinement makes the organic molecules to show new properties at the supramolecular level. The chemistry of metal phosphates/phosphonates will be detailed in relation with the following topics: (i) molecular recognition; (ii) chemically driven porosity changes; (iii) chiral memory and supramolecular chirality; (iv) luminescence signaling; (v) photoinduced electron‐transfer processes; (vi) hydrogen storage; and (vii) confinement of drugs.
Learning to cluster web search results (2004)

Organizing Web search results into clusters facilitates users' quick browsing through search results. Traditional clustering techniques are inadequate since they don't generate clusters with highly readable names. In this paper, we reformalize the clustering problem as a salient phrase ranking problem. Given a query and the ranked list of documents (typically a list of titles and snippets) returned by a certain Web search engine, our method first extracts and ranks salient phrases as candidate cluster names, based on a regression model learned from human labeled training data. The documents are assigned to relevant salient phrases to form candidate clusters, and the final clusters are generated by merging these candidate clusters. Experimental results verify our method's feasibility and effectiveness.
Cavity QED with Magnetically Coupled Collective Spin States (2011)

We report strong coupling between an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy center electron spins in diamond and a superconducting microwave coplanar waveguide resonator. The characteristic scaling of the collective coupling strength with the square root of the number of emitters is observed directly. Additionally, we measure hyperfine coupling to (13)C nuclear spins, which is a first step towards a nuclear ensemble quantum memory. Using the dispersive shift of the cavity resonance frequency, we measure the relaxation time of the NV center at millikelvin temperatures in a nondestructive way.
Differential Effects of Trabecular Meshwork Stiffness on Outflow Facility in Normal Human and Porcine Eyes (2012)

A higher circumferential stiffness of the TM correlated with a higher outflow facility and less IOP elevation-induced variation in outflow resistance in normal human eyes, but not in porcine eyes. For future studies, these correlations need to be evaluated in glaucomatous eyes to better understand normal and abnormal TM functions.
Gilles De La Tourette's Syndrome Associated with Chronic Schizophrenia (1988)

We report a patient in whom Tourette's syndrome (TS) and Type I schizophrenia coincided, and suggest, based on clinical features and pharmacological responses, that both conditions in this patient could have a common pathophysiological basis.
An unpaired electron incarcerated within an icosahedral borane cage: synthesis and crystal structure of the blue, air-stable {[closo-B12(CH3)12]·}− radical (1999)

Oxidation of the permethylated icosahedral borane [closo-B12(CH3)12]2– 1, by ceric(IV) ammonium nitrate in acetonitrile affords the blue, air-stable paramagnetic anion {[closo-B12(CH3)12]·}– 2, which has been characterized, among other means, by X-ray crystallography.
Linear k term valence subband mixing and its effect on electroabsorption of tensile-strained GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (1994)

We have examined the contribution of a linear k term in the Luttinger Hamiltonian to electroabsorption of strained quantum wells. We have solved the 4/spl times/4 effective mass equation for the two lowest valence subbands and an appropriate set of differential equations for excitons. For bound excitons, our results indicate that the hh1/spl rarr/c1 transition is not forbidden for z-polarized electromagnetic waves, that the absorption spectrum can be independent of polarization, and that the hh1 and lh1 absorption edges, contrary to recent suggestion, cannot merge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Activation, Tuning, and Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysts in an Ionic Liquid/Compressed CO2 Continuous-Flow System (2001)

A new immobilization scheme for enantioselective catalysts was developed by using a combination of ionic liquids and compressed CO<sub>2</sub> . Under continuous flow conditions, stable conversion and asymmetric induction was achieved over more than 60 h in the enantioselective Ni-catalyzed hydrovinylation of styrene. While the ionic liquid dissolves and activates the organometallic catalyst in a tuneable manner, the presence of compressed CO<sub>2</sub> greatly facilitates mass transfer and gives easy access to continuous processes.
Reversal of Hypocalcemia and Decreased Afterload in Sepsis: Effect on Myocardial Systolic and Diastolic Function (1998)

Sepsis is a major cause of death in intensive care units. Clinically, sepsis induces a number of physiologic and metabolic abnormalities, including decreased myocardial contractility and decreased plasma ionized calcium. There is debate about the proper therapy of hypocalcemia in sepsis because calcium administration may worsen cell function by causing intracellular Ca2+ overload. We investigated the effect of Ca2+ administration on myocardial systolic and diastolic function in an extensively utilized rat model of sepsis, i.e., the cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP). Approximately 24 h after CLP or sham surgery, rats were anesthetized and myocardial function assessed in vivo by a left ventricular Millar catheter and simultaneous two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography. Septic rats had a 28% decrease in peak left ventricular developed pressure, a 30% decrease in +dP/ dt, and a 23% decrease in -dP/dt (p < 0.05). Plasma ionized Ca2+ was decreased in septic compared with that in sham rats: 4.9 +/- 0.9 and 5.6 +/- 0.01 mg/dl, respectively (p < 0.05). CaCl2 improved both systolic and diastolic function and there was no evidence of adverse effects of Ca2+ even at supraphysiologic levels. Surprisingly, correction of decreased afterload in septic rats, using the pure alpha-agonist phenylephrine, caused normalization of all indices of cardiac contractility, indicating that the presumed decrease in cardiac function was due entirely to an effect of the decreased afterload to "unload" the left ventricle. We conclude that Ca2+ administration is not detrimental to cardiac function in the rat CLP model. Although the rat CLP model is widely utilized and reproduces many of the clinical hallmarks of sepsis, it does not cause intrinsic myocardial depression and, therefore, it may not be an appropriate model to investigate the clinical cardiac dysfunction that occurs in patients with sepsis.
Short Communication: A Rapid and Sensitive Real-Time PCR Assay for the K65R Drug Resistance Mutation in SIV Reverse Transcriptase (2006)

Macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) provide a suitable model for assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral (ARV) drug interventions and drug resistance selection associated with treatment. Resistance to the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir continues to be examined in different treatment strategies in the macaque model. Evaluations of treatment interventions and drug resistance are hampered by the limited sensitivity of conventional population sequencing and the substantial effort involved in testing various tissue compartments in which viruses may reside. Therefore, a sensitive assay that permits simple and rapid testing for drug-resistant viruses would benefit appraisals of ARV treatments using in vivo models. To have this capability, we developed a real-time PCR-based assay for the detection of the SIV K65R reverse transcriptase mutation, a key marker for reduced susceptibility to tenofovir. Evaluations of SIV sequences yielded an assay detection limit mean of 0.4% mutant virus (range = 0.1–2%) in a wild-type background. In testing longitudinal plasma specimens from four SIV-infected macaques that received an active daily regimen of 30 mg/kg of tenofovir subcutaneously, the assay was able to detect K65R-positive viruses in all animals within 1–7 weeks after treatment began. The emerging mutants were initially present at frequencies estimated between 0.4% and 3%, below the detection capability of population sequencing. We propose the SIV K65R real-time PCR assay provides improved sensitivity and simplicity in studying tenofovir resistance in macaque models.
Passive reduced order modeling of multiport interconnects via semidefinite programming (2010)

In this paper we present a passive reduced order modeling algorithm for linear multiport interconnect structures. The proposed technique uses rational fitting via semidefinite programming to identify a passive transfer matrix from given frequency domain data samples. Numerical results are presented for a power distribution grid and an array of inductors, and the proposed approach is compared to two existing rational fitting techniques.
3-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-4H-pyran-4-one (2003)

In the structure of the title compound, 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-[4-(3-tri­fluoro­methyl­phenyl)piperazin-1-yl­methyl]-4H-pyran-4-one, C18H19F3N2O3, the piperazine ring displays an almost perfect chair conformation, with the substituents at the N atoms lying in equatorial positions. The conformation of the mol­ecule is determined by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.