gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of heart chamber segmentation for structural and functional analysis using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (2016)

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become a key imaging modality in clinical cardiology practice due to its unique capabilities for non-invasive imaging of the cardiac chambers and great vessels. A wide range of CMR sequences have been developed to assess various aspects of cardiac structure and function, and significant advances have also been made in terms of imaging quality and acquisition times. A lot of research has been dedicated to the development of global and regional quantitative CMR indices that help the distinction between health and pathology. The goal of this review paper is to discuss the structural and functional CMR indices that have been proposed thus far for clinical assessment of the cardiac chambers. We include indices definitions, the requirements for the calculations, exemplar applications in cardiovascular diseases, and the corresponding normal ranges. Furthermore, we review the most recent state-of-the art techniques for the automatic segmentation of the cardiac boundaries, which are necessary for the calculation of the CMR indices. Finally, we provide a detailed discussion of the existing literature and of the future challenges that need to be addressed to enable a more robust and comprehensive assessment of the cardiac chambers in clinical practice.
Stability of octyl methoxycinnamate and identification of its photo‐degradation product (2001)

A stability study of octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) using C-18 HPLC indicated that OMC degraded into a new product when exposed to sunlight. When kept in the dark at 4, 20, 32 and 60 degrees C for one month, no degradation of OMC was detected. Online HPLC-APCI-MS revealed similar APCI mass spectra for OMC and its degradation product. Isolation of the photo-degradation product was done using semi-preparative HPLC. NMR spectra of OMC and the isolated photo-degradation product indicated the change from an E-octyl-p-methoxycinnamate into a Z-octyl-p-methoxycinnamate. NMR spectra of the unfractionated-light-exposed-OMC showed that the Z-OMC was the only product generated.
Invited editorial (2001)

Strong, Scott A. M.D.1; Regimbeau, J. M. M.D.2; Panis, Y. M.D., Ph.D.2; Pocard, M. M.D., Ph.D.2; Bouhnik, Y. M.D., Ph.D.2; Lavergne-Slove, A. M.D.2; Matuchansky, C. M.D.2; Valeur, P. M.D.2; Rufat, P. M.D.2 Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: CARBANION REARRANGEMENT OF O‐METHYLDIARYL SULFONES (THE TRUCE REARRANGEMENT) (1974)

Abstract Die aus Phenylmesitylsulfon (I) und n‐Butyllithium (II) entstehende Lithiumverbindung (III) lagert sich nach Truce beim zweistündigen Erhitzen in Äther in die Sulfinsäur (IV) um.
The design and fabrication of a GaN-based monolithic light-emitting diode array (2013)

We report a new monolithic structure of GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) which can be operated under high voltage or alternative current. Differing from the conventional single LED chip, the monolithic light-emitting diode (MLED) array contains microchips which are interconnected in series or parallel. The key chip fabrication processing methods of the monolithic LED array include deep dry etching, sidewall insulated protection, and electrode interconnection. A 12 V GaN-based blue high voltage light emitting diode was designed and fabricated in our experiment. The forward current—voltage characteristics of MLEDs were consistent with those of conventional single junction light emitting diodes.
Assessment of the Impact of Cancer on Work, Recreation, Home Management and Sleep Using a General Health Status Measure (1994)

A general health status measure (the UK Sickness Impact Profile) was used to assess health-related quality of life in 212 cancer patients [143 women, mean (SD-standard deviation) age 55.3 (11.7) years] compared to 105 age-sex matched control subjects [71 women, mean (SD) age 54.7 (12.2) years]. The four main areas of impairment in the cancer patient group were work, recreation and pastimes, home management and sleep and rest. The majority of patients were unable to work or working shorter hours due to their disease. A diagnosis of cancer was likewise found to have a major impact on active leisure pursuits and led to reduced participation in social and community activities. Patients had particular problems in carrying out household chores and maintenance or repair work in the house. Many patients had difficulty sleeping at night and tended to sleep during the day or rest for much of the day. The majority of studies of quality of life in oncology patients concentrate upon alterations in symptoms, such measures would fail to detect impairment in the aspects described above. Greater attention should be directed towards addressing issues such as changes in employment status and the need for help in the home to improve the overall care of cancer patients.
Bacterial Heme and Hemoprotein Receptors (2014)

This chapter focuses on describing the general features of heme acquisition systems by using the most extensively studied heme transport systems. General heme receptors have been identified in numerous bacteria. These receptors recognize either free heme or heme bound to host-carrier proteins. Three examples of general heme receptors, which can recognize numerous heme-containing substrates, are HmuR of Yersinia pestis, HemR of Yersinia enterocolitica, and HmuR of Porphyromonas gingivalis. HpuAB is unusual among heme receptors because it consists of two outer membrane-associated proteins. Current understanding of these proteins is based on the elucidated function of nonheme permeases and ATPases. The newly identified heme utilization systems of these three bacteria have laid the foundation for our understanding of heme-iron utilization in gram-positive bacteria. Structural information about receptors and other system components will undoubtedly follow, allowing one to investigate structure-function relationships and further understand the mechanism of heme transport. Results ranging from heme transport being essential to virulence to being dispensable for virulence have been reported for different model systems of bacterial infection.
IClinfMRI Software for Integrating Functional MRI Techniques in Presurgical Mapping and Clinical Studies (2018)

Task-evoked and resting-state (rs) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques have been applied to the clinical management of neurological diseases, exemplified by presurgical localization of eloquent cortex, to assist neurosurgeons in maximizing resection while preserving brain functions. In addition, recent studies have recommended incorporating cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) imaging into clinical fMRI to evaluate the risk of lesion-induced neurovascular uncoupling (NVU). Although each of these imaging techniques possesses its own advantage for presurgical mapping, a specialized clinical software that integrates the three complementary techniques and promptly outputs the analyzed results to radiology and surgical navigation systems in a clinical format is still lacking. We developed the Integrated fMRI for Clinical Research (IClinfMRI) software to facilitate these needs. Beyond the independent processing of task-fMRI, rs-fMRI, and CVR mapping, IClinfMRI encompasses three unique functions: (1) supporting the interactive rs-fMRI mapping while visualizing task-fMRI results (or results from published meta-analysis) as a guidance map, (2) indicating/visualizing the NVU potential on analyzed fMRI maps, and (3) exporting these advanced mapping results in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format that are ready to export to a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and a surgical navigation system. In summary, IClinfMRI has the merits of efficiently translating and integrating state-of-the-art imaging techniques for presurgical functional mapping and clinical fMRI studies.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the formate dehydrogenase active centre: role of the His332‐Gln313 pair in enzyme catalysis (1996)

Gln313 and His332 residues in the active centre of NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2, FDH) from the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 101 are conserved in all FDHs and are equivalent to the glutamate-histidine pair in active sites of D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases. Two mutants of formate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. 101, Gln313Glu and His332Phe, have been obtained and characterised. The Gln313Glu mutation shifts the pK of the group controlling formate binding from less than 5.5 in wild-type enzyme to 7.6 thus indicating that Gln313 is essential for the broad pH affinity profile towards substrate. His332Phe mutation leads to a complete loss of enzyme activity. The His332Phe mutant is still able to bind coenzyme but not substrate or analogues. The role of histidine in the active centre of FDH is discussed. The protonation state of His332 is not critical for catalysis but vital for substrate binding. A partial positive charge on the histidine imidazole, required for substrate binding, is provided via tight H-bond to the Gln313 carboxamide.
Measurement of the decay rate of Ξc0→pK-K-π+ relative to Ξc0→Ξ-π+ (2004)

Using the CLEO III detector at CESR, we have measured the branching ratio of the decay ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{pK}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ relative to ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}.$ We find $\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{pK}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03(\mathrm{syst}).$ In the resonant substructure of this mode, we find evidence for ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}$ decays to $p\overline{{K}^{*}}{(892)}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ and measure $\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{{K}^{*}}{(892)}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(\overline{{K}^{*}}{(892)}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01(\mathrm{syst})$ and $\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{pK}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02(\mathrm{syst})$ for the $\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\ensuremath{-}\overline{{K}^{*}}{(892)}^{0}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{pK}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decays.
Electrochemical oxidation of organic, organometallic, and coordination compounds. Polarization effect in radical cations (2007)

Half-wave potentials of electrochemical oxidation of 24 reaction series X-B-RC depend on the inductive, resonance, and polarization effects of substituents X. The polarization effect was not taken into account previously. In X-B-RC ·+ radical cations, the contribution of the polarization effect increases with decreasing size of bridge B linking X with the reaction center RC and can reach 30%.
Beyond Ethylene: New Insights Regarding the Role of AOX in the Respiratory Climacteric (2019)

Climacteric fruits are characterized by a dramatic increase in autocatalytic ethylene production, which is accompanied by a spike in respiration, at the onset of ripening. The change in the mode of ethylene production from autoinhibitory to auto-stimulatory is known as the system 1 (S1) to system 2 (S2) transition. Existing physiological models explain the basic and overarching genetic, hormonal, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing the S1 to S2 transition of climacteric fruit. However, the links between ethylene and respiration, the two main factors that characterize the respiratory climacteric, have been largely understudied at the molecular level. Results of recent studies indicate that the AOX respiratory pathway may play an important role in mediating cross talk between ethylene response, carbon metabolism, ATP production, and ROS signaling during climacteric ripening. New genomic, metabolic, and epigenetic information sheds light on the interconnectedness of ripening-associated metabolic pathways, necessitating expanding the current, ethylene-centric physiological models. Understanding points at which ripening responses can be manipulated may reveal key, speciesand cultivar-specific targets for regulation of ripening enabling superior strategies for reducing postharvest wastage.
Yin Yang 1 Is a Novel Regulator of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2010)

YY1 is overexpressed in fibroblasts in both human IPF and murine models in a NF-κB-dependent manner, and YY1 regulates fibrogenesis at least in part by increasing α-SMA and collagen expression. Decreasing YY1 expression may provide a new therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Homeobox-Clock Protein Interaction in Zebrafish (2005)

In non-mammalian vertebrates, the pineal gland is photoreceptive and contains an intrinsic circadian oscillator that drives rhythmic production and secretion of melatonin. These features require an accurate spatiotemporal expression of an array of specific genes in the pineal gland. Among these is the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, a key enzyme in the melatonin production pathway. In zebrafish, pineal specificity of zfaanat2 is determined by a region designated the pineal-restrictive downstream module (PRDM), which contains three photoreceptor conserved elements (PCEs) and an E-box, elements that are generally associated with photoreceptor-specific and rhythmic expression, respectively. Here, by using in vivo and in vitro approaches, it was found that the PCEs and E-box of the PRDM mediate a synergistic effect of the photoreceptor-specific homeobox OTX5 and rhythmically expressed clock protein heterodimer, BMAL/CLOCK, on zfaanat2 expression. Furthermore, the distance between the PCEs and the E-box was found to be critical for PRDM function, suggesting a possible physical feature of this synergistic interaction. OTX5-BMAL/CLOCK may act through this mechanism to simultaneously control pineal-specific and rhythmic expression of zfaanat2 and possibly also other pineal and retinal genes.
Nonideal gas solvation thermodynamics (2007)

General expressions are obtained for the thermodynamic properties of nonideal gases of arbitrary composition. These include the equation of state and solvation thermodynamic functions of mixtures with any number of components, expanded to first order in total number density. The results are expressed in terms of binary second virial coefficients which are in turn related to binary interaction potential energy functions. Solvation thermodynamic functions (at both constant pressure and constant volume) are decomposed into solute-solvent and solvent-reorganization contributions, thus indicating how each of the latter quantities may be experimentally measured. Moreover, the results are used to identify solute-induced changes in solvent thermodynamic functions, as well as nonideal (excess) contributions to chemical reaction equilibria and solvation heat capacities. The effects of a solute on the reorganization energy and chemical potential of a nonideal solvent are shown to differ qualitatively from both the corresponding ideal gas and high density fluid results.
A New and Improved Population-Based Canadian Reference for Birth Weight for Gestational Age (2001)

This new sex-specific, population-based reference should improve clinical assessment of growth in individual newborns, population-based surveillance of geographic and temporal trends in birth weight for gestational age, and evaluation of clinical or public health interventions to enhance fetal growth. fetal growth, birth weight, gestational age, preterm birth, postterm birth.
New Preparations of Lignin Polymer Models under Conditions that Approximate Cell Wall Lignification. I. Synthesis of Novel Lignin Polymer Models and their Structural Characterization by 13 C NMR (1995)

Article New Preparations of Lignin Polymer Models under Conditions that Approximate Cell Wall Lignification. I. Synthesis of Novel Lignin Polymer Models and their Structural Characterization by 13C NMR was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 49, issue 6).
Creation of the first Hartford Consensus compliant elementary school in the USA (2016)

All teachers were successfully trained to act as first responders and in correct hemorrhage control techniques, which was verified by testing. This is the first elementary school to universally adopt a hemorrhage control posture to eliminate preventable deaths from limb exsanguination advocated by the Hartford Consensus.
New higher order plate theory in modeling delamination buckling of composite laminates (1994)

A new higher order plate theory for modeling delamination buckling and postbuckling of composite laminates is developed. Delaminations between layers of composite plates are modeled by jump discontinuity conditions, in both lower and higher order terms of displacements, at the delaminated interfaces. Some higher order terms are identified at the beginning of the formulation by using the conditions that shear stresses vanish at all free surfaces including the delaminated interfaces. Therefore, all boundary conditions for displacements and stresses are satisfied in the present theory. Geometric nonlinearity is included in computing layer buckling. The general governing equations, along with all boundary and continuity conditions of plates, are derived for predicting the delamination buckling and postbuckling behavior. The associated delamination growth problem is also examined by the use of Griffith-type fracture criterion. A numerical example is presented to validate the theory. The results are also compared with experimentally obtained data.
Small Molecule Solution-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2010)

Although most research in the field of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has focused on combinations of a p-type conducting polymer as a donor and a fullerene-based acceptor, recent work has demonstrated the viability of solution-processed heterojunctions composed entirely of molecular solids. Molecular solids offer potential advantages over conjugated polymer systems in terms of easier purification, amenability to mass-scale production and better batch-to-batch reproducibility. This article reviews the major classes of molecular donors that have been reported in the literature in the past several years and highlights some of key considerations in molecular heterojunction design compared to polymer-based bulk heterojunctions.
The Mercator Environment: A Nonvisual Interface to X Windows and Unix Workstations (1992)

User interfaces to computer workstations are heavily dependent on visual information. These Graphical User Interfaces, commonly found on powerful desktop computers, are almost completely inaccessible to blind and visually impaired individuals. In order to make these types of computers accessible to non-sighted users, it will be necessary to develop a new interface which replaces the visual communication with audio and tactile communication. This paper describes the Mercator Environment---an auditory and tactile interface to X Windows and Unix workstations designed for the visually impaired. KEYWORDS: user interfaces, auditory interfaces, visual impairment, auditory icons, rooms, three dimensional audio INTRODUCTION The goal of human-computer interfaces is to provide a communication pathway between computer software and human users. The history of humancomputer interfaces can be interpreted as the struggle to provide more meaningful and efficient interactions. One of the most important...
Dehydrogenation Reactions of Cyclic C2B2N2H12 and C4BNH12 Isomers (2010)

The energetics for different dehydrogenation pathways of C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12) and C(4)BNH(12) cycles were calculated at the B3LYP/DGDZVP2 and G3(MP2) levels with additional calculations at the CCSD(T)/complete basis set level. The heats of formation of the different isomers were calculated from the G3(MP2) relative energies and the heats of formation of the most stable isomers of c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(6), c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12), and c-C(4)BNH(12) at the CCSD(T)/CBS including additional corrections together with the previously reported value for c-C(4)BNH(6). Different isomers were analyzed for c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(x) and c-C(4)BNH(x) (x = 6 and 12), and the most stable cyclic structures were those with C-C-B-N-B-N and C-C-C-C-B-N sequences, respectively. The energetics for the stepwise loss of three H(2) were predicted, and the most feasible thermodynamic pathways were found. Dehydrogenation of the lowest energy c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12) isomer (6-H(12)) is almost thermoneutral with DeltaH(3dehydro) = 3.4 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/CBS level and -0.6 kcal/mol at the G3(MP2) level at 298 K. Dehydrogenation of the lowest energy c-C(4)BNH(12) isomer (7-H(12)) is endothermic with DeltaH(3dehydro) = 27.9 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/CBS level and 23.5 kcal/mol at the G3(MP2) level at 298 K. Dehydrogenation across the B-N bond is more favorable as opposed to dehydrogenation across the B-C, N-C, and C-C bonds. Resonance stabilization energies in relation to that of benzene are reported as are NICS NMR chemical shifts for correlating with the potential aromatic character of the rings.