gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Growth and Properties of Lead-Free Ferroelectric Single Crystals (2015)

Much attention is drawn to the preparation, structure and properties investigation of lead-free ferroelectrics for the next generation of piezoelectric devices. (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) lead-free solid solution piezoelectric single crystals with composition x in the range of 0–0.05 as a materials with high piezoelectric properties were successfully grown from platinum crucible by using the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. The dimensions of NBT-BT crystal is Ø40 × 10 mm2. X-ray powder diffraction patterns reveal that the crystal structure of NBT-BT crystal changes from rhombohedral to tetragonal symmetry with increasing amounts of BT(x). The dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of NBT-BT crystals with different compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were studied systematically. Ions (Mn, Eu, Zn) doped NBT and NBT-BT 95/5 crystals were also grown and studied. In addition, their piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties are investigated. Further, a high-quality and large-sized (K0.25Na0.75)NbO3 (KNN25/75) single crystal has been achieved by a carefully controlled TSSG method. The dimensions of the as-grown KNN25/75 single crystal reached up to Ø30 × 10 mm2. The obtained KNN crystals provided us a superb material for the dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and electromechanical coupling property characterization along different orientations.
Flow and pressure characteristics within a screw compressor (2007)

The angle-resolved mean and turbulence characteristics of the axial air flow inside a screw compressor with both male and female rotors have been measured, using a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) with high spatial and temporal resolution at different radial and axial locations for speeds of 800-1600 rpm, discharge pressures of 1-1.6 bar and discharge temperatures of 33-90°C. The velocity measurements were performed through a special transparent window fixed near the discharge port. The results confirmed the ability of the LDV technique to characterise the flow inside the compressor working chamber; an angular resolution of 1.5° was able to fully describe the velocity field within the machine. The flow variation between the different working chambers was established as well as the spatial variation of the axial mean velocity and turbulence velocity fluctuation within the working chamber.
Characterisation of actinomycete integrative and conjugative elements (2008)

Micro-organismen, zoals schimmels en bacterien, zijn overal. Voor het blote oog zijn ze onzichtbaar, maar de biomassa aan micro-organismen op aarde wordt geschat op ongeveer 50% van de totale biomassa, verdeeld over ongeveer 3 miljoen soorten. Ondanks de negatieve associaties die velen hebben bij micro-organismen zou het leven op aarde niet mogelijk zijn zonder hen. Verreweg de meeste micro-organismen zijn bovendien onschadelijk en zelfs betrokken bij zeer nuttige processes. In onze Barmen bijvoorbeeld voorbeeld leeft ongeveer 1 kilogram aan bacterien die een belangrijke rol spelen in de spijsvertering. Micro-organismen vormen een essentiele schakel in allerlei kringloopprocessen. Net als planten zijn het belangrijke primaire producenten, in staat tot het bouwen van organische moleculen uit anorganische moleculen. Daarnaast kunnen micro-organismen dood organisch materiaal weer afbreken tot anorganische stoffen in het proces van mineralisatie. ... Zie: Summary
Detection of Energetic Materials and Explosive Residues With Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: I. Laboratory Measurements (2007)

Abstract : We have developed a double pulse stand-off laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system capable of detecting explosive residues as far as 50 m. As described in an earlier report (ARL-TR-4240), the use of a double pulse laser improves the sensitivity and selectivity of LIBS for the detection of energetic materials. This report discusses the extension of these studies to stand-off distances. The efficacy of chemometric techniques such as linear correlation, principal components analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis for the identification of explosive residues is also discussed. We have shown that despite the typical characterization of LIBS as an elemental technique, the relative elemental intensities in the LIBS spectra are representative of the stoichiometry of the parent molecules and can be used to discriminate materials containing the same elements.
Characterisation of the faecal metabolome and microbiome of Thoroughbred racehorses (2014)

The volatile faecal metabolome of Thoroughbred racehorses is dominated by organic acids, alcohols and ketones; this study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with amylase-rich malt extract may significantly alter the profile of VOCs. The faecal microbiome is highly diverse, dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Small but significant changes in microbial community structure were detected following dietary supplementation. This study describes the faecal metabolome and microbiome of healthy Thoroughbred racehorses against which future studies of disease and dietary intervention can be benchmarked.
Oxidation-Responsive Micelles Based on a Selenium-Containing Polymeric Superamphiphile (2010)

We have fabricated a polymeric superamphiphile based on the electrostatic interaction between the double hydrophilic block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-acrylic acid (PEG-b-PAA) and a selenium-containing surfactant (SeQTA). The polymeric superamphiphiles are able to self-assemble to form micelles in solution. The micelles can be disassembled with the addition of 0.1% H(2)O(2) because SeQTA is very sensitive to oxidation. The selenide group in SeQTA is oxidized into selenoxide (SeQTA-Ox) by H(2)O(2), which makes the surfactant more hydrophilic, thus leading to the disassembly of the micelles. In addition, small guest molecules such as fluorescein sodium can be loaded into the micelles made from the polymeric superamphiphiles and released in a controlled way under mild oxidation conditions. This study represents a new way to fabricate stimuli-responsive superamphiphiles for controlled self-assembly and disassembly.
High Modulation Rate Laser Array For Microwave Optics (1989)

The structure and performance characteristics of a GaAs surface emitting laser (SEL) diode and a 2-D array of SELs is reported. The SEL has a very short optical cavity with a distributed feedback structure, and emits light perpendicular to the wafer surface. The laser shows low threshold current and has an estimated high frequency response of tens of GHz. A 2-D array of SELs with 6 x 16 elements was designed and demonstrated.
Radiation induced replacement currents in a plated wire memory (1974)

We report the results of a study of the replacement currents generated in elements of a conventional plated-wire memory during irradiation by low energy (20–100 keV) photons. Measurements are analytically discussed in terms of IEMP induced-charge calculations and, for an air environment, ionized gas kinetics. It is experimentally demonstrated that the peak induced digit wire currents (per unit flux) can be reduced by at least a factor of 10 when the memory tunnel structure is filled with a dielectric oil.
The effect of salinity concentration on algal biomass production and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by Dunaliella salina (2018)

Extensive amounts of organic and inorganic substances are discharged into the environment, and they have been ascribed to a number of anthropogenic activities including agriculture, industry, and domestic processes. Microalgae, as a promising alternative feedstock for bioenergy production, have advantages in the uptake of nutrients from wastewater for biomass production. This study assessed the feasibility of mass cultivation of microalgae in controlled environment tertiary treated municipal wastewater. Dunaliella salina (D salina) was selected for its high beta carotene generation capacity and being a halophilic species to protect our freshwater resources further in wastewater remediation. Nutrient analyses indicated that D salina can significantly remove nitrate, ammonia, and phosphorus from municipal wastewater in the range of 45% to 88%. Among all combinations studied, the optimal algal growth was observed at 30 ppt salinity level, with a 75% wastewater concentration (3:1 ratio of wastewater and saline water mixture—the growth medium). The findings concluded that D salina has great capacity for nutrient uptake while providing high-value bioproducts. It can therefore be recommended as a potential candidate species that could be used in wastewater treatment systems coupled with high-value bioproducts production.
Data from Therapeutic Targeting of Tumor-Derived R-Spondin Attenuates β-Catenin Signaling and Tumorigenesis in Multiple Cancer Types (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Deregulation of the β-catenin signaling has long been associated with cancer. Intracellular components of this pathway, including axin, APC, and β-catenin, are frequently mutated in a range of human tumors, but the contribution of specific extracellular ligands that promote cancer development through this signaling axis remains unclear. We conducted a reporter-based screen in a panel of human tumors to identify secreted factors that stimulate β-catenin signaling. Through this screen and further molecular characterization, we found that R-spondin (RSPO) proteins collaborate with Wnt proteins to activate β-catenin. RSPO family members were expressed in several human tumors representing multiple malignancies, including ovarian, pancreatic, colon, breast, and lung cancer. We generated specific monoclonal antibody antagonists of RSPO family members and found that anti-RSPO treatment markedly inhibited tumor growth in human patient-derived tumor xenograft models, either as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Furthermore, blocking RSPO signaling reduced the tumorigenicity of cancer cells based on serial transplantation studies. Moreover, gene-expression analyses revealed that anti-RSPO treatment in responsive tumors strongly inhibited β-catenin target genes known to be associated with cancer and normal stem cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the RSPO family is an important stimulator of β-catenin activity in many human tumors and highlight a new effective approach for therapeutically modulating this fundamental signaling axis. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(3); 713–23. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bystander effects in UV-induced genomic instability: antioxidants inhibit delayed mutagenesis induced by ultraviolet A and B radiation. (2005)

The strong effects of these antioxidants indicate that genomic instability, which is induced by the fundamentally different ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B radiation, is mediated by reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide and downstream products. However, cells take up neither catalase nor SOD, while incubation with glutathione resulted in increased intracellular levels of glutathione. Previously, we have shown that ultraviolet induced delayed mutations may be induced via a bystander effect and that this effect is 5-fold higher for UVB radiation than for UVA radiation. Therefore, we propose that the antioxidants inhibit an ultraviolet radiation-induced bystander effect and that the effect is transmitted via the medium and via an internal transfer between cells, like gap junctional intercellular communication, for UVB radiation and only by the latter mechanism for UVA radiation.
2D/3D Vision-Based Mango's Feature Extraction and Sorting (2006)

This paper describes a vision system that can extract 2D and 3D visual properties of mango such as size (length, width, and thickness), projected area, volume, and surface area from images and use them in sorting. The 2D/3D visual properties are extracted from multiple view images of mango. The images are first segmented to extract the silhouette regions of mango. The 2D visual properties are then measured from the top view silhouette as explained by Yimyam et al. (2005). The 3D mango volume reconstruction is done using volumetric caving on multiple silhouette images. First the cameras are calibrated to obtain the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. Then the 3D volume voxels are crafted based on silhouette images of the fruit in multiple views. After craving all silhouettes, we obtain the coarse 3D shape of the fruit and then we can compute the volume and surface area. We then use these features in automatic mango sorting which we employ a typical backpropagation neural networks. In this research, we employed the system to evaluate visual properties of a mango cultivar called "Nam Dokmai". There were two sets total of 182 mangoes in three various sizes sorted by weights according to a standard sorting metric for mango export. Two experiments were performed. One is for showing the accuracy of our vision-based feature extraction and measurement by comparing results with the measurements using various instruments. The second experiment is to show the sorting accuracy by comparing to human sorting. The results show the technique could be a good alternative and more feasible method for sorting mango comparing to human's manual sorting.
Encapsulation of Lacto‐N‐biose based on ovalbumin and carboxymethyl cellulose microparticles: fabrication, characterisation and thermal stability (2023)

Summary To improve the thermal stability Lacto‐N‐biose (LNB), it was encapsulated by the OVA‐CMC microparticles system. When the mass ratio of OVA:CMC:LNB was 1.5:1:1, the particle size of microparticles was 623 ± 4 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of 83 ± 1.38% and 45 ± 0.92% respectively. Analysis with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the OVA‐CMC‐LNB microparticles were spherical and uniformly distributed. The hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions were the main forces to assemble the microparticles. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of microparticles remained stable at 240 °C. The residual amount of LNB in microparticles reached 94.3 ± 1.03% and 78.8 ± 2.38% after being heated at 90 °C for 10 and 30 min, and the thermal stability was greatly improved. In vitro simulated digestion experiments showed that the release rate of LNB in microparticles reached 95 ± 1.31%. These results provided a theoretical and technological approach for the construction of LNB delivery system improved thermal stability.
Securing RSVP for multimedia applications (2000)

Distributed multimedia applications require end-to-end quality of service (QoS) in order to be accepted and used. One approach to achieve end-to-end QoS is to provide end-to-end resource reservations. Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) [5] [1] is a unicast and multicast signalling protocol for setting up network bandwidth reservation. In this paper, we propose a solution for securing RSVP messages in a flexible, efficient and scalable manner. Our solution extends the RSVP protocol with a scalable QoS protection, using a hybrid hierarchical security approach. The RSVP messages go through two different protocol treatments - one within subnetworks and the other across subnetworks. We use delayed integrity checking within the subnetwork by sending feedback messages from the egress node. A stronger integrity and encryption check is made on messages sent across subnetworks. Our solution is thus an intermediate approach between the extremes of hop by hop authentication [2] and the SDS/CD protocol [8] and overcomes the drawbacks of the two protocols.
In Search of Bigger, Stronger, and Lighter Ways To Open Paths for Oil Production (2013)

Proppant Advances There’s an old line in the proppant business that customers want a product that is stronger than diamonds, lighter than water, and cheaper than dirt. And they are serious about that. The rapid shift to unconventional oil exploration and production has made creating and maintaining better pathways for hydrocarbon flow a priority. That requires bigger bits of sand or ceramic, made stronger to maintain openings longer, and lighter, so it can be pumped further into formations using less horsepower. Delivering larger concentrations of bigger proppant requires viscous fracturing fluids. Some of this can be described as a return to conventional formulas, but the biggest category used now in US fracturing is hybrids—a range of options being tried to increase oil yields. With current methods often leaving more than 90% of the oil behind in unconventional formations, there’s a powerful motivation to seek out new and improved methods to ensure greater fracture conductivity. At the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference in February the buzz was around a totally different approach to keeping dense particles suspended in water. Rather than putting polymer gels in water to make it more viscous, each bit of sand or ceramic is given a coating that rapidly expands in water to about 5 times its original size. The combination, called self-suspending proppant (SSP), is far less dense than its proppant core, but this is not like putting on a life jacket. When SSP is added to water, the result looks like a murky slurry, and feels like water. This is because SSP behaves differently than untreated proppant. When SSP is in water, each grain of polymer-coated proppant expands so it has much greater volume with far less density than the grain of proppant alone. Because of its properties, SSP takes up more space in water and also makes the water appear more viscous. Also, because SSP’s density is less than that of untreated proppant—but still greater than the density of water—its settling rate is dramatically less than untreated proppant, said Robert Mahoney, vice president in charge of research and development at Soane Energy, the chemical maker developing SSP in partnership with Marathon Oil. He describes SSP under magnification as looking like a pile of fish eggs each with a dark spot in the middle surrounded by a clear layer. Over the next year Marathon Oil will be testing it on a series of wells to see if replacing fluid thickened by gels with individually coated particles will deliver more proppant into the formation where it can maintain flow pathways for better results.
Learning to Learn Words from Visual Scenes (2019)

Language acquisition is the process of learning words from the surrounding scene. We introduce a meta-learning framework that learns how to learn word representations from unconstrained scenes. We leverage the natural compositional structure of language to create training episodes that cause a meta-learner to learn strong policies for language acquisition. Experiments on two datasets show that our approach is able to more rapidly acquire novel words as well as more robustly generalize to unseen compositions, significantly outperforming established baselines. A key advantage of our approach is that it is data efficient, allowing representations to be learned from scratch without language pre-training. Visualizations and analysis suggest visual information helps our approach learn a rich cross-modal representation from minimal examples. Project webpage is available at https://expert.cs.columbia.edu/
Supplementary Figure 7 from KDM6A Loss Triggers an Epigenetic Switch That Disrupts Urothelial Differentiation and Drives Cell Proliferation in Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7&lt;/p&gt;
Measuring Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 Using Flow Cytometry (2020)

CR1 (CD35, Complement Receptor type 1 for C3b/C4b) is a high molecular weight membrane glycoprotein of about 200 kDa that controls complement activation, transports immune complexes, and participates in humoral and cellular immune responses. CR1 is present on the surface of many cell types, including erythrocytes, and exhibits polymorphisms in length, structure (Knops, or KN, blood group), and density. The average density of CR1 per erythrocyte (CR1/E) is 500 molecules per erythrocyte. This density varies from one individual to another (100-1,200 CR1/E) and from one erythrocyte to another in the same individual. We present here a robust flow cytometry method to measure the density of CR1/E, including in subjects expressing a low density, with the help of an amplifying immunostaining system. This method has enabled us to show the lowering of CR1 erythrocyte expression in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), AIDS, or malaria.
Abstract 762: A concordance study of the ArcherDX RevealTM ctDNA 28 NGS panel and Biocept’s Target SelectorTM mutation assay using ctDNA collected in Biocept CEE-sureTM blood collection tubes (2017)

Abstract Biocept’s Target Selector technology is a targeted hotspot mutation panel designed to enrich for mutant targets in a large excess of WT DNA. The test is specific to small regions of interest, is highly sensitive, validated down to 7 mutant copies in a background of 14,000 WT at &amp;gt;98% sensitivity. The ArcherDX Reveal ctDNA test is a 28 gene NGS panel that targets key oncogene activating mutations, drug resistance mutations, in addition to full coverage of TP53. The Reveal ctDNA assay utilizes Anchored Multiplex PCR to enrich, tag, and efficiently capture short ctDNA fragments. Both technologies are designed specifically for use with plasma associated ctDNA. We undertook to evaluate the feasibility of using the ArcherDX Reveal ctDNA 28 NGS panel with the DNA extracted from plasma collected with Biocept’s patented blood collection tube which has been validated at room temperature for 4 days for circulating tumor cells and 8 days for ctDNA. The ability to build complex, targeted libraries, free of chemically induced mutations is of major importance for the detection of the vanishingly rare mutations that can be present in the plasma of cancer patients. We found that high quality NGS libraries were produced from plasma collected and stored in the Biocept blood tube, indicating that little damage occurred to the DNA during preservation. In addition, the two methods were found to be highly concordant and complementary when using both mutation positive and negative patient samples. The Target-Selector assay was the more sensitive, however, the ArcherDX panel revealed several additional mutations not targeted by the Biocept Target Selector assay. Citation Format: Jason C. Poole, Brian Kudlow, Jill Stefanelli, Skyler Mishkin, Anh Pham, Jeff Chen, Veena M. Singh, Josh Stahl, Lyle J. Arnold. A concordance study of the ArcherDX RevealTM ctDNA 28 NGS panel and Biocept’s Target SelectorTM mutation assay using ctDNA collected in Biocept CEE-sureTM blood collection tubes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 762. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-762