gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the in vitro Efficacy of Novel Diketones (2015)

Rajesh Garikipati, Olufunmilayo Mohammed, Sharon Rossiter, Simon Baines, Jatinder Bassin, Madhu Goyal, ‘Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the in vitro Efficacy of Novel Diketones’, poster presented at the Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms Workshop (ARM 2015), Birmingham, UK, 26-27 November, 2015.
Time of Use Tariff parameter Estimation (2017)

Increased use of solar energy is forcing energy companies to devise new time of use (ToU) tariff scheme to counter revenue losses. Designing ToU tariff scheme is a complex multi-stage problem. The adoption of smart meters and availability of high performance multicore systems has opened up newer and better ways of tariff design. The design of ToU tariff schemes typically involves identifying various demand periods which is accomplished by analyzing the intraday consumption patterns across various geographies. The optimal tariff parameters for all the demand periods is then computed by solving a constrained optimization problem. In this paper, we present a present multi dimensional grid search approach to compute the optimal tariff parameters for a ToU scheme. The grid search method was then efficiently implemented on Nvidia GPUs with dynamic parallelism. The annual energy consumption data processing for nearly 0.3 million consumers and computation of consumption pattern and demand periods was carried out using MPI based parallel processing on an Intel Haswell system.
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: Influencing Bio‐Oil Quality with the Catalyst‐to‐Biomass Ratio (2016)

Abstract In situ catalytic fast pyrolysis can be used to produce partially upgraded bio‐oils. This process, however, suffers from rapid catalyst deactivation caused by coke formation, which necessitates the use of continuous catalyst regeneration. This can be achieved by using a circulating fluidized‐bed reactor. In such a reactor, one key operational variable is the catalyst‐to‐biomass (C/B) ratio, which influences the extent of the catalytic reactions that take place. In this study, woody biomass is pyrolyzed in a pilot‐scale circulating fluidized‐bed reactor system using a HZSM‐5 zeolite with varying C/B ratios. The C/B ratio influences the overall product distribution, the elemental distribution, and the characteristics of the liquid products. An increase of the C/B ratio enhances the conversion of pyrolysis vapors but this does not result in a continuous improvement in bio‐oil quality. The C/B ratio is, nevertheless, a factor that can be used to optimize the catalytic fast pyrolysis process.
Th2 cells mediate IL-4-dependent local tissue inflammation (1993)

We investigated whether polyclonal murine Th1 and Th2 cells obtained after short term culture in vitro were capable of mediating tissue inflammation in vivo. Th cells were pulsed with mAb to the TCR/CD3 complex and injected into the footpads or ears of naive syngeneic recipient mice. Th1 induced delayed swelling that peaked at 24 to 48 h and lasted > or = 5 days. Th2-induced swelling peaked at 6 h and lasted < or = 48 h. Similar responses were also observed in athymic nude mice. Lesions with both Th1 and Th2 cells contained a predominant neutrophilic infiltrate at 6 h, and mainly mononuclear cells at 48 h. The inflammatory response with Th2 was blocked by cyclosporin A, by mAb to IL-4 or by soluble rIL-4R. The requirement for IL-4 was early and transient. Four alloreactive short term Th2 clones induced swelling in allogeneic recipients. mAb- and IL-4-dependent swelling responses were also observed with two long term Th2 clones. Our results demonstrate that Th2 cells mediate IL-4-dependent tissue inflammation, and strengthen the concept that Th2 cells play an important role in some T cell-dependent immune reactions and, possibly, in allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.
In Vivo Optical Imaging of Amyloid Aggregates in Brain: Design of Fluorescent Markers (2005)

Routine diagnostics and studies of Alzheimer's disease might benefit form the noninvasive optical imaging of amyloid-β plaques in the brain. A rational design strategy for in vivo amyloid-imaging agents that enter the brain and selectively stain amyloid plaques is presented (see picture), and properties of a promising lead biomarker candidate are reported. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500845_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Explanation for low-efficiency Cu2O Schottky-barrier solar cells (1979)

Surface analyses combined with barrier-height studies indicate that Cu2O Schottky barriers made with low-work-function metals (Yb, Mg, and Mn) are essentially Cu/Cu2O cells due to reduction of the Cu2O surface and subsequent interdiffusion phenomena. The copper-rich region essentially determines the barrier height. As a result, efficiencies of Cu2O Schottky-barrier solar cells are usually less than 1%. It is concluded that to achieve significant increases in Cu2O cell efficiencies, MIS or heterojunction device structures must be utilized.
Peptide Models of Cu(I) and Zn(II) Metallochaperones: The Effect of pH on Coordination and Mechanistic Implications (2013)

The first NMR structures of Cu(I) and Zn(II) peptide complexes as models of metallochaperones were derived with no predetermined binding mode. The cyclic peptide MDCSGCSRPG was reacted with Cu(I) and Zn(II) at low and moderate pH. This peptide features the conserved sequence of copper chaperones but with Asp at position 2 as appears in the zinc binding domain of ZntA. The structures were compared with those of the Cu(I) complexes of the wild-type sequence peptide MTCSGCSRPG. All analyses were conducted first with no metal-binding constraints to ensure accurate binding ligand assignment. Several structures included metal-Met binding, raising a possible role of Met in the metal transport mechanism. Both Cu(I) and Zn(II) gave different complexes when reacted with the peptide of the native-like sequence under different pH conditions, raising the possibility of pH-dependent transport mechanisms. Cu(I) bound the MTCSGCSRPG peptide through one Cys and the Met under acidic conditions and differently under basic conditions; Zn(II) bound the MDCSGCSRPG peptide through two Cys and the Met residues under acidic conditions and through one Cys and the Met under basic conditions, while Cu(I) bound the non-native Asp mutant peptide through the Asp and one Cys under both conditions, suggesting that Asp may inhibit pH-dependent binding for Cu(I). NOESY and ESI-HRMS supported the presence of an aqua ligand for Zn(II), which likely deprotonated under basic conditions to give a hydroxo group. Coordination similarities were detected among the model system and native proteins, which overall suggest that coordination flexibility is required for the function of metallochaperones.
Current Drive in a Ponderomotive Potential with Sign Reversal (2003)

Noninductive current drive can be accomplished through ponderomotive forces with high efficiency when the potential changes sign over the interaction region. The effect, which operates somewhat like a Maxwell demon, can be practiced upon both ions and electrons. The current-drive efficiencies, in principle, might be higher than those possible with conventional rf current-drive techniques. It remains, however, for us to identify how the effect might be implemented in a magnetic fusion device in a practical manner.
Correlation between olfactory function, age, sex, and cognitive reserve index in the Italian population (2022)

This study provides data on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in different Italian regions.
Distribution of short‐chain branching in low‐density polyethylene (1965)

Abstract The distributions of short‐chain branching in some commercial low‐density polyethylenes have been investigated by measuring the degree of short‐chain branching of their fractionated samples. The results obtained on the fractions which were fractionated with respect to molecular weight showed that some polyethylenes have broad distributions and others have narrow distributions, and these results have been considered to depend mainly on the polymerization conditions. These fractions of which the molecular weight is considered to be approximately uniform were further refractionated with respect to degree of short‐chain branching, and thus cross‐fractionations were accomplished. The distributions of short‐chain branching in those parent fractions were also examined, and it was found out that the parent fractions have fairly broad distributions, and the distribution is broader when the molecular weight is lower, but the difference of distribution is not so great in the different samples. The distributions in those parent fractions showed close agreement with the theoretical distributions which were calculated on the basis of statistical branch formation.
Increased Visible Absorptance of Visible Reflectors Due to Ultraviolet Radiation (1987)

High performance laser mirrors exhibit a decrease in visible reflectance over time when exposed to the ultraviolet radiation emanating from a gaseous laser plasma. This drop in reflectance can lead to cessation of laser action in the worst cases, and unpredictable system performance in any case. Ideally the mirrors would maintain a constant high reflectance for an indefinite time period. An acceptable alternative would be for the mirror reflectance to degrade slightly over a short time to a then-constant value.
Strain improvement in antibiotic‐producing microorganisms (1982)

Abstract In the context of commercial strain development for improved antibiotic production it is important to stress the efficiency and practicability of the procedures used. Typical constraints are the novelty of the microorganism, time and manpower. Established and more novel techniques applied to strain improvement can be divided into the induction of beneficial alterations and the screen for and recognition of such altered mutants. Recent advances have contributed mainly to the former of these two divisions. The empiricism of mutagenesis can be removed as more is known about mutation induction with respect to repair phenomena. Mutagens must be assessed for efficiency with rapid test systems for forward and reverse mutation. Enhanced mutation frequencies can be achieved with repair‐deficient mutants or chemical inhibitors of repair processes. It is widely accepted that recombinational methods are an important part of strain development although published examples of its successful application are rare. Parasexuality in asexual fungi and protoplast fusion in both bacteria and fungi facilitate recombination and therefore the construction of improved strains. As a result of these advances it has become necessary to deviate from the classical, linear mutation and selection programmes. The application of recombinant DNA technology to strain development is undoubtedly promising. In the field of antibiotic research this approach may necessitate extensive basic research before its potential can be realised. Major constraints may be poor knowledge of both the biosynthesis of the antibiotic and the genetic systems in the producing microorganism. It will also be necessary to develop suitable vector systems. This approach clearly consumes time and resources which are important considerations in commercial terms. The ability to recognise and isolate improved mutants is just as important as their production and again time and efficiency is paramount. Shake‐flask screening has been central to most programmes although its format may be changing to accommodate multiline screens to capitalise on recombination techniques. Its major limitation as a primary screen is in the work involved in testing a comparatively small number of strains. To circumvent this problem many laboratories are miniaturising screens or moving towards ‘plate‐based’ screens in which colony productivity is assessed on agar. Plate screens also permit less empirical screening procedures such as reversion of mutants impaired in antibiotic production or the use of chemical inhibitors of antibiotic biosynthesis. This approach has the advantage of allowing large numbers to be screened as well as providing information of a biosynthetic nature if the mutants and inhibitors are subject to investigation in their own right.
Hepatitis C virus infection of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and liver infiltrates in chronically infected patients (1995)

The mechanisms underlying chronicity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are poorly understood, but the importance of impaired viral clearance by the immune system has been suggested. The prevalence of HCV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was in investigated in 34 persistently infected patients with anti-HCV (7 with liver cirrhosis, 10 with chronic active hepatitis, 5 with chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 with chronic lobular hepatitis, and 8 healthy carriers) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HCV infection of 116 T cell clones derived from liver infiltrating mononuclear cells obtained from 3 patients with chronic liver disease was examined using the same methods. HCV genomic sequences were found in fresh, unstimulated PBMC from 20 patients with cirrhosis, and chronic active and persistent hepatitis, but in none of the healthy carriers and only in mitogen-activated cells from 1 out of 4 patients with autoresolving chronic lobular hepatitis. Active PBMC infection was confirmed by identification of anti-genomic HCV sequences in the majority of HCV RNA-positive cells (fresh or mitogen-stimulated). A high percentage of T cell clones obtained from liver infiltrates were found to be infected by HCV. These findings suggest that HCV infection of lymphatic cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronically evolving liver damage. PBMC may represent a reservoir for latent infection and a site for viral multiplication.
Characteristics of γ-H2AX foci at DNA double-strand breaks sites (2003)

Phosphorylated H2AX (gamma-H2AX) is essential to the efficient recognition and (or) repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and many molecules, often thousands, of H2AX become rapidly phosphorylated at the site of each nascent DSB. An antibody to gamma-H2AX reveals that this highly amplified process generates nuclear foci. The phosphorylation site is a serine four residues from the C-terminus which has been evolutionarily conserved in organisms from giardia intestinalis to humans. Mice and yeast lacking the conserved serine residue demonstrate a variety of defects in DNA DSB processing. H2AX Delta/Delta mice are smaller, sensitive to ionizing radiation, defective in class switch recombination and spermatogenesis while cells from the mice demonstrate substantially increased numbers of genomic defects. gamma-H2AX foci formation is a sensitive biological dosimeter and presents new and exciting opportunities to understand important biological processes, human diseases, and individual variations in radiation sensitivity. These potentialities demonstrate the importance of understanding the parameters and functions of gamma-H2AX formation.
NASA Lidar system support and MOPA technology demonstration. Final report (1986)

A series of lidar design and technology demonstration tasks in support of a CO/sub 2/ lidar program is discussed. The first of these tasks is discussed in Section VI of this report under the heading of NASA Optical Lidar Design and it consists of detailed recommendations for the layout of a CO/sub 2/ Doppler lidar incorporating then existing NASA optical components and mounts. The second phase of this work consisted of the design, development, and delivery to NASA of a novel acousto-optic laser frequency stabilization system for use with the existing NASA ring laser transmitter. The second major task in this program encompasses the design and experimental demonstration of a master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) laser transmitter utilizing a commercially available laser as the amplifier. The MOPA design including the low chirp master oscillator is discussed in detail. Experimental results are given for one, two and three pass amplification. The report includes operating procedures for the MOPA system.
Laboratory and Tower-Based Microwave Measurements of Spruce Defoliation (2005)

This paper presents the results achieved from microwave radar backscattering measurements of defoliating spruces. Individual spruces were measured in an unechoic chamber and in outdoor conditions and the natural defoliation was simulated by gradually removing the needles of the trees. The measurements were carried out using 5/10 GHz and 35 GHz radar systems. The influence of defoliation to the volume backscattering and extinction coefficient of spruce canopy has been determined from the measured data. The results show that defoliation has a considerable effect on radar backscattering for 10 GHz linear polarizations. At 35 GHz the achieved data indicate a rather complicated and controversial backscattering behaviour with decreasing degree of defoliation. At 5 GHz the effect of defoliation on the backscattering coefficient is negligible. Helicopter-borne measurements of natural defoliation using the 5/10 GHz radar are presented for comparison. Additionally, measurements using a 90 GHz radiometer were conducted. But, by the time of preparing this paper the analysis of these results was not finalised.
Rational Design of Transition Metal Co‐Doped Ceria Catalysts for Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation (2019)

Abstract We present a highly active CeO 2 ‐based catalyst for oxidizing CO in automobile exhaust. This catalyst was systemically designed by co‐doping with transition metals (TMs). First, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to screen Mn and 13 dopant TMs (periods 4∼6 in groups VIII∼XI) and their 91 binary combinations for co‐doping. As a result, Cu and (Cu, Ag) were found to be the best candidates among the single and binary dopants, respectively. Next, we synthesized CeO 2 nanoparticles doped with Cu or (Cu, Ag), then experimentally confirmed that the predicted (Cu, Ag) co‐doped CeO 2 showed higher activity than pure CeO 2 and other TM‐doped CeO 2 . This was attributed to the easy formation of oxygen vacancies in the lattice of CeO 2 . Our study demonstrates that the use of a rational design of CeO 2 ‐based catalyst through theoretical calculations and experimental validation can effectively improve the low‐temperature catalytic activity of CO oxidation.
Changes in Tissue Protein Synthesis Are Involved in Regulating Urea Synthesis in Rats Given Proteins of Different Quality (2004)

The purpose of present study was to determine whether the regulation of urea synthesis is mediated through changes in supply of amino acids by protein synthesis and whether the concentration of ammonia, or activities of amino acid catabolizing enzymes, regulate urea synthesis when the dietary protein quality is manipulated. Experiments were done on three groups of rats given diets containing 10 g gluten, 10 g casein or 10 g whole egg protein/100 g for 10 d. The urinary excretion of urea, and the liver concentrations of glutamate, serine and alanine increased with a decrease in quality of dietary protein. The fractional and absolute rates of protein synthesis in tissues declined with the decrease in quality of dietary protein quality. The ammonia concentration in plasma and liver, and activities of hepatic amino acid catabolizing enzymes was not related to urea excretion under these conditions. These results suggest that the lower protein synthesis seen in tissues of rats given the lower quality of protein is likely to be one of the factors to increasing the supply of amino acids and stimulating urea synthesis.
Spectrum of the GaAs nuclear environment (2017)

Using a singlet-triplet spin qubit as a sensitive spectrometer of the GaAs nuclear spin bath, we demonstrate that the spectrum of Overhauser noise agrees with a classical spin diffusion model over six orders of magnitude in frequency, from 1 mHz to 1 kHz, is flat below 10 mHz, and falls as $1/f^2$ for frequency $f \gtrsim 1$ Hz. Increasing the applied magnetic field from 0.1 T to 0.75 T suppresses electron-mediated spin diffusion, which decreases spectral content in the $1/f^2$ region and lowers the saturation frequency, each by an order of magnitude, consistent with a numerical model. Spectral content at megahertz frequencies is accessed using dynamical decoupling, which shows a crossover from the few-pulse regime ($\lesssim 16 \pi$-pulses), where transverse Overhauser fluctuations dominate dephasing, to the many-pulse regime ($\gtrsim 32$ $\pi$-pulses), where longitudinal Overhauser fluctuations with a $1/f$ spectrum dominate.
Note on the use of calcium hydroxide in the preparation of peanut protein (1953)

Summary It was shown in laboratory peptizations that between the pH range of 7.2 and 9.5, nitrogen solubility obtained with calcium hydroxide solution was a constant and was practically equal to the value obtained with use of sodium hydroxide solution at pH 7.5. Pilot‐plant yields of protein and settling rates of protein curds from calcium hydroxide‐peptized solution with the use of sulfur dioxide to lower the pH were equal to those obtained previously from sodium hydroxide‐peptized solution. This information may be of interest in any instance in which it is advantageous to use the lower‐priced peptizing material.
Clinical Results of Ascending Aorta-Abdominal Aorta Bypass. (1994)

解離性大動脈瘤4例, 胸部大動脈瘤3例, 胸部大動脈瘤術後の再狭窄1例の計8例に対して上行大動脈-腹部大動脈 bypass 術を施行した. 解離性大動脈瘤の4例に対しては, thromboexclusion 法を行ったが, 胸部大動脈中枢側の大動脈遮断だけでは瘤の血栓化は得られず, 胸部大動脈の遠位側に遮断を追加した1例でのみ瘤は血栓化し長期生存が得られた. 感染性胸部大動脈瘤の2例にも thromboexclusion 法を行ったが, 瘤の中枢側と遠位側での大動脈遮断にもかかわらず, 瘤の血栓化は得られず破裂死亡した. 上行大動脈-腹部大動脈 bypass 術と瘤切除を施行した胸部大動脈瘤の1例は, 呼吸不全と対麻痺を合併し, 在院死亡となった. 解離性大動脈瘤と胸部大動脈瘤に対する thromboexclusion 法は, 瘤の血栓化が不確実で破裂を予防しえず, 直達手術の困難な poor risk 症例に適応を限定すべきである.
Intralipid Prolongs Survival in a Rat Model of Verapamil Toxicity (2006)

Objectives: Verapamil is a lipid-soluble calcium channel blocker with significant mortality in overdose. Previous investigators have demonstrated the benefit of lipid emulsion therapy in ameliorating toxicity from lipid-soluble agents. The authors investigated the effect of Intralipid treatment in a rat model of verapamil toxicity. Methods: Thirty sedated Wistar rats were infused with verapamil at 37.5 mg/kg/h. Five minutes after the start of infusion, animals were treated with a bolus of either 12.4 mL/kg 20% Intralipid or 12.4 mL/kg 0.9% saline. Verapamil infusion was continued until the animals were killed. Respiratory rate, heart rate, and electrocardiography were sampled every 2.5 minutes throughout. Results: Survival was prolonged in the Intralipid-treated group (44 ± 21 vs. 24 ± 9 minutes; p = 0.003). The median lethal dose was increased in the Intralipid group (25.7 mg/kg [95% confidence interval {CI} = 24.7 to 26.7] vs. 13.6 mg/kg [95% CI = 12.2 to 15.0]). A less marked decrease in heart rate was observed during verapamil infusion in the Intralipid-treated group (6.8 beats/min [95% CI = 8.3 to 5.2] for Intralipid vs. 10.7 beats/min [95% CI = 12.6 to 8.9] for saline; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Intralipid treatment prolongs survival and doubles median lethal dose in a rat model of verapamil toxicity. The mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.