gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S-Alkyl-l-thiocitrullines (1995)

Nitric oxide synthase catalyzes the oxidation of a guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine to nitric oxide with concomitant formation of citrulline. Enzyme activity is inhibited by a variety of N omega-monosubstituted L-arginine analogs including N omega-alkyl-, N omega-amino-, and N omega-nitro-L-arginine derivatives. We report here that both constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase are strongly inhibited by S-alkyl-L-thiocitrullines (N delta-(S-alkyl)isothioureido-L-ornithines) with n-alkyl groups of one to three carbons. These compounds represent a novel class of inhibitors and are the most potent nitric oxide synthase-inhibiting amino acids described to date. Inhibition is reversible, stereoselective, and competitive with L-arginine. Spectral studies show no direct interaction of inhibitor sulfur with heme iron, a result in contrast to that seen previously with the parent compound, L-thiocitrulline. The S-alkyl-L-thiocitrullines have strong pressor activity in normotensive control rats; S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline reverses hypotension in a rat model of septic peritonitis and in dogs administered endotoxin. These latter findings suggest that the inhibitors may have therapeutic utility in treating hypotension due to the overproduction of nitric oxide.
Reciprocal interactions between bradykinin and thromboxane A2 during stimulation of ischemically sensitive cardiac spinal afferent (2008)

We have demonstrated that the ischemic metabolites thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ) and bradykinin (BK) contribute to activation of cardiac afferents during ischemia. The present study tested the hypothesis that there are reciprocal interactions between these two metabolites in stimulation of ischemically sensitive cardiac afferents. Nerve activity of single cardiac afferent units was recorded from the left sympathetic chain or rami communicantes (T 2 – T 5 ) of anesthetized cats. Twenty two ischemically sensitive afferents (CV= 0.46 – 4.34 m/s, 5 Aδ17 C‐fibers) were identified. In the first protocol, a repeat injection (2.5 μg) of TxA 2 into left atrium (LA) 4 min after administration of BK (1 μg, LA) induced a significantly larger cardiac afferents’ response than the first TxA 2 response (0.55±0.17 to 1.54±0.41 vs.0.64±0.13 to 2.28±0.36 imp/s, first vs. second injection, n=5). In a control group, repeated TxA 2 (2.5 μg, LA) evoked consistent responses in four other ischemically sensitive afferents. Secondly, we observed that administration of TxA 2 (2.5 μg) and BK (1 μg, LA) together appeared to cause a response that was approximately additive of the individual responses. Finally, blockade of the TxA 2 receptors with BM13177 attenuated the responses of four cardiac afferent to BK (1 μg, LA) by 47%. In contrast, repeated BK (1 μg, LA) induced a consistent discharge activity in three other afferents. These preliminary data suggest that BK and TxA 2 reciprocally enhance the responses of ischemically sensitive cardiac afferent endings to the other metabolite (Supported by NIH HL66217).
Effects of spatial and temporal resolution for MR image‐guided thermal ablation of prostate with transurethral ultrasound (2005)

Optimizing MRTI pixel size entails balancing large pixel SNR gain with accuracy in representing underlying temperature distributions.
Natural fiber eco‐composites (2007)

Abstract The natural fiber (NF) reinforced composites, so called eco‐composites, are subject of many scientific and research projects, as well as many commercial programs. The growing global environmental and social concern, high rate of depletion of petroleum resources, and new environmental regulations have forced the search for new composites and green materials, compatible with the environment. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of the most suitable and commonly used biodegradable polymer matrices and NF reinforcements in eco‐composites, as well as some of the already produced and commercialized NF eco‐composites. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:98–107, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF 3,3‐DISUBSTITUTED 2‐OXOINDOLINE‐1‐ACETIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Durch intramolekulare Cyclisierung von Diarylglykolsäure‐arylamiden (I) mit Schwefelsäure erhält man die Oxindoline (II).
Microstructural Evolution on Firing Soda–Lime–Silica Glass Fluxed Whitewares (2005)

Density and microstructural evolution of porcelains containing 0–25 wt% soda–lime–silica (SLS) waste glass fired over a range of temperatures from 600° to 1400°C have been investigated. After firing 3 h at 1100°C, batches containing 6.25 wt% SLS glass and 18.75 wt% nepheline syenite flux system attained open‐pore closure and a bulk density of 2.40 g/cm 3 , comparable to results from commercial porcelain after firing at 1200°C. SLS glass softens and melts, conferring early densification and overfiring on porcelains fired at normal commercial firing temperatures. The microstructural evolution examined using XRD, SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and TEM/EDS revealed formation of a variable composition plagioclase, rounded wollastonite particles, sodium silicates, and tridymite in batches containing SLS glass, in addition to primary and secondary mullites, partially dissolved quartz, and a glassy matrix as found in the waste‐free batch. Ca 2+ and Na + from the SLS glass migrate to regions containing the products of clay decomposition to form plagioclase, limiting the extent of mullite crystallization. The presence of a solution rim surrounding quartz and different glass compositions around wollastonite crystals indicate that the system is not in equilibrium, although phases predicted by the Na 2 O–CaO–SiO 2 equilibrium diagram were formed.
Improving statistical MT through morphological analysis (2005)

In statistical machine translation, estimating word-to-word alignment probabilities for the translation model can be difficult due to the problem of sparse data: most words in a given corpus occur at most a handful of times. With a highly inflected language such as Czech, this problem can be particularly severe. In addition, much of the morphological variation seen in Czech words is not reflected in either the morphology or syntax of a language like English. In this work, we show that using morphological analysis to modify the Czech input can improve a Czech-English machine translation system. We investigate several different methods of incorporating morphological information, and show that a system that combines these methods yields the best results. Our final system achieves a BLEU score of .333, as compared to .270 for the baseline word-to-word system.
Initiation, Elongation, and Processivity of Carboxyl-Terminal Mutants of T7 RNA Polymerase (1997)

Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase is a single-subunit enzyme which has a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Phe-Ala-Phe-Ala883 (FAFA883). Closely related hydrophobic sequences are present at the C termini of seven other single-subunit RNA polymerases, including the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Mutations at any of the four C-terminal residues depress initiation rates of T7 RNA polymerase from 50 to 95%, accompanied by large increases in the K(m) values for the initiating nucleotide, GTP, as well as the K(m)'s for promoter DNA. The dramatic drops in initiation rates shown by the mutant enzymes remain after correcting for any alteration in saturation of the enzyme by the initiating nucleotide or the promoter DNA resulting from the changes in K(m). In contrast, the high processivity of the enzyme is not altered by mutations in the last four residues. However, the propensity for the enzyme to add an untemplated nucleotide at the 3'-ends of transcripts is abolished by the A880AFA883 mutation. The C-terminal FAFA sequence or foot appears to interact both with the initiating NTP and with the most downstream nucleotides of the promoter, possibly through hydrophobic interactions with the minor groove, in the region where free radical footprinting of the polymerase-promoter DNA complex suggests that the enzyme binds across the minor groove.
Design and Implementation of Configurable W-CDMA Rake Receiver Architectures on FPGA (2005)

W-CDMA offers variable spreading factor and multiple codes per user to enable features like high data rates and multiple services for the same connection. To do so, rake receiver architecture for W-CDMA should be configurable such that hardware is utilized optimally at varying requirements. Additionally architecture for downlink receiver should consume as less power as possible. In this paper, four different architectures for rake receiver are designed and implemented on FPGA. They are compared for area, frequency and power requirements. We propose a new 'Time Multiplexed Parallel Rake' architecture, which achieves this objective by two ways. First, it exploits parallelism by processing four chip samples at a time and second, it shares resources for multi-code operation by despreading the input samples sequentially in time for each code. The algorithmic correctness of various architectures was first checked by developing a MATLAB model using Simulink blocksets libraries and HDL Co-simulation using Xilinx System Generator. The architectures were implemented on Xilinx Virtex II FPGA family.
Vapors Produced by Electronic Cigarettes and E-Juices with Flavorings Induce Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Response in Lung Epithelial Cells and in Mouse Lung (2015)

Oxidative stress and inflammatory response are the key events in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases. The consumption of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) with a variety of e-liquids/e-juices is alarmingly increasing without the unrealized potential harmful health effects. We hypothesized that electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)/e-cigs pose health concerns due to oxidative toxicity and inflammatory response in lung cells exposed to their aerosols. The aerosols produced by vaporizing ENDS e-liquids exhibit oxidant reactivity suggesting oxidants or reactive oxygen species (OX/ROS) may be inhaled directly into the lung during a "vaping" session. These OX/ROS are generated through activation of the heating element which is affected by heating element status (new versus used), and occurs during the process of e-liquid vaporization. Unvaporized e-liquids were oxidative in a manner dependent on flavor additives, while flavors containing sweet or fruit flavors were stronger oxidizers than tobacco flavors. In light of OX/ROS generated in ENDS e-liquids and aerosols, the effects of ENDS aerosols on tissues and cells of the lung were measured. Exposure of human airway epithelial cells (H292) in an air-liquid interface to ENDS aerosols from a popular device resulted in increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8. Furthermore, human lung fibroblasts exhibited stress and morphological change in response to treatment with ENDS/e-liquids. These cells also secrete increased IL-8 in response to a cinnamon flavored e-liquid and are susceptible to loss of cell viability by ENDS e-liquids. Finally, exposure of wild type C57BL/6J mice to aerosols produced from a popular e-cig increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and diminished lung glutathione levels which are critical in maintaining cellular redox balance. Thus, exposure to e-cig aerosols/juices incurs measurable oxidative and inflammatory responses in lung cells and tissues that could lead to unrealized health consequences.
A dual-processor solution for the MAC layer of a software defined radio terminal (2005)

Considerable work has been devoted to studying flexible computation structures for the physical layer of a software defined radio (SDR) terminal. However there has been almost no research on protocol processors for the upper layer protocols such as the media access control (MAC) and link protocol. A general purpose processor (GPP) is sufficient for the protocol processing of a single mode terminal. However, in the case of a multi-mode system required for SDR, there is a very wide set of possibilities for the MAC layer. In principle these too could be handled by a GPP. However, we show that a better solution is to use a GPP augmented by a small supplemental processor. The GPP is responsible for the relatively complex protocol operations in the active mode, and the supplemental processor handles the idle mode operations. This separation of responsibilities simplifies the implementation of hard real-time responses required by some protocols (for example IEEE 802.11), while maintaining the programmability needed to handle a wide range of protocols. In addition, this organization allows a significant power savings in the idle mode. This is important because the protocol processor must process a large number of tiny idle mode tasks whose aggregate effect over time dominates the power consumption in a wireless termina.As part of our study we develop a hardware model of the supplemental processor in Verilog and its software model in C. Using commercial CAD tools we synthesized out design and evaluated the power consumption and response time of the platform. Our results show that the proposed platform meets the real-time deadlines at low power while maintaining programmability.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser Flash Photolysis of Octaisopropylcyclotetragermane. Generation of Digermenes and Germylenes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Facile chloride substitution of activated alcohols by triphosgene: application to cephalosporin chemistry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile chloride substitution of activated alcohols by triphosgene: application to cephalosporin chemistryZafrir Goren, Mary Jane Heeg, and Shahriar MobasheryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 25, 7186–7188Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00025a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00025a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1736Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA SYNTHESIS IN HEPATOCYTES DURING LIVER ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN RATS (1990)

We have investigated DNA synthesis in hepatocytes after orthotopic liver transplantation in four rat combinations--DA into DA (isogeneic), DA into PVG (allogeneic, nonrejector), DA into BN (allogeneic, rejector), and DA into (BN X PVG)F1 (allogeneic, intermediate nonrejector). The methods used were assay of thymidine kinase activity in graft homogenate and staining of hepatocytes in liver sections by an antibromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody. Both demonstrated increased DNA synthesis in grafts in all combinations except isogeneic, and showed that its intensity and timing paralleled the occurrence of the rejection reaction. The significance of hepatocyte regeneration after liver grafting is discussed.
Involvement of NADPH in the cyclization reaction of carotenoid biosynthesis (2002)

Cyclic carotenoids, e.g. beta-carotene, are formed by cyclization of an acyclic precursor, lycopene. The gene, crtY, which encodes lycopene beta-cyclase, has a partial sequence characteristic of a pyridine nucleotide binding domain, and NAD(P)H has been reported to be an absolute requirement for the cyclization reaction in vitro. By complementary incubations with lycopene as substrate and with (4R)-[4-(2)H]NADPH in (1)H(2)O or with unlabelled NADPH in (2)H(2)O in the presence of the purified enzyme, it has now been shown that the hydrogen atom introduced at C(2) in the cyclization comes from water and not from NADPH. The previously proposed mechanism involving the initiation of cyclization by H(+) attack at C(2) of the folded acyclic end group of the precursor is thus confirmed. No hydrogen is transferred from NADPH, which is therefore not involved directly in the cyclization reaction, but must play an indirect role, e.g. as an allosteric activator.
Long short-term memory stacking model to predict the number of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19 (2021)

The long short-term memory (LSTM) is a high-efficiency model for forecasting time series, for being able to deal with a large volume of data from a time series with nonlinearities. As a case study, the stacked LSTM will be used to forecast the growth of the pandemic of COVID-19, based on the increase in the number of contaminated and deaths in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. COVID-19 has been spreading very quickly, causing great concern in relation to the ability to care for critically ill patients. Control measures are being imposed by governments with the aim of reducing the contamination and the spreading of viruses. The forecast of the number of contaminated and deaths caused by COVID-19 can help decision making regarding the adopted restrictions, making them more or less rigid depending on the pandemic’s control capacity. The use of LSTM stacking shows an R2 of 0.9625 for confirmed cases and 0.9656 for confirmed deaths caused by COVID-19, being superior to the combinations among other evaluated models.
Geometric characterization of the persistence of 1D maps (2023)

We characterize critical points of 1-dimensional maps paired in persistent homology geometrically and this way get elementary proofs of theorems about the symmetry of persistence diagrams and the variation of such maps. In particular, we identify branching points and endpoints of networks as the sole source of asymmetry and relate the cycle basis in persistent homology with a version of the stable marriage problem. Our analysis provides the foundations of fast algorithms for maintaining a collection of sorted lists together with its persistence diagram.
Implementation of 3D virtual learning environment to improve students’ cognitive achievement (2018)

Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) has been widely used in assisting learning. This study aims to implement VLE-based learning in software engineering course. VLE provides many facilities for learning. In this research, VLE components used were presenter and quiz chair components. Evaluation results showed a significant difference from classical learning.
Seasonal recruitment of hippocampal neurons in adult free-ranging black-capped chickadees. (1994)

Neurogenesis and neuronal replacement in a population of wild free-ranging animals are described. Our subjects were adult black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus). Neuronal birth dates were determined by a single systemic injection of [3H]thymidine, followed by release of the bird and its recapture 6 or more weeks later. Newly formed neurons appeared in the hippocampal complex during all times of year, but with a marked peak in the fall (October). New neurons were also added to the hippocampal complex of captive chickadees, but at levels only half as high as seen in the wild birds. Neurons born at different times of the year lived for a few months and then disappeared. We suggest that the neurons added are part of a process of neuronal replacement and that they are important for the acquisition of new spatial memories, a need that is particularly acute in the fall. Hormonal and experiential factors may determine the rate of neuronal replacement.
Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Csp3–Csp3Cross-Coupling for the Synthesis of (Poly)fluorinated Chiral Building Blocks (2018)

A general method for the enantioselective synthesis of carbo- and heterocyclic carbonyl compounds bearing fluorinated α-tetrasubstituted stereocenters using palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation is described. The stereoselective C<sub>sp<sup>3</sup></sub>-C<sub>sp<sup>3</sup></sub> cross-coupling reaction delivers five- and six-membered ketone and lactam products bearing (poly)fluorinated tetrasubstituted chiral centers in high yields and enantioselectivities. These fluorinated, stereochemically rich building blocks hold potential value in medicinal chemistry and are prepared using an orthogonal and enantioselective approach into such chiral moieties compared to traditional approaches, often without the use of electrophilic fluorinating reagents.
Report of the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) (2006)

環太平洋国際化学会議（International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies）が昨年12月15日―21日，米国ハワイのホノルルにおいて，日本，米国，カナダ，オーストラリア，ニュージーランド，韓国からの約11，150人の参加者を得て，非常な盛会裏に開催された。この国際会議は環太平洋地域の化学者間の情報交換と交流を目的として，1984年以来，ほぼ5年毎に開催されているものである。今回の大会では，設けられた223のセッションのうち，少なくとも5セッションがバイオマス資源化学あるいは植物系天然高分子の化学に関するものであった。
Potential of Targeting Bone Metastases with Immunotherapies (2019)

Cancer-related bone metastases are incurable and cause high mortality in patients. Immunotherapies have been evaluated in large-scale clinical trials with advanced cancer patients, but effects on bone metastases have not been specified. This mini review introduces case reports where patients with bone metastases have been treated with immunotherapies and local effects on tumor growth have been assessed. Potential skeletal-related adverse effects of immunotherapies are also discussed.
Manipulating odor cues facilitates add-on fostering in sheep. (1998)

Manipulating the odor of a ewe's own and alien lambs has been used to facilitate fostering a second lamb on ewes with a single offspring (add-on fostering). Previous research has demonstrated that familiar odor cues must be present on the own and alien young to achieve successful and rapid adoptions. Familiar odors may consist of natural own-lamb odors or artificial odors previously applied to the lambs involved. In the present study (Exp. 1), an artificial odorant (neatsfoot oil) was applied to the own and alien lambs shortly after birth to establish a common familiar odor. Acceptance tests were conducted daily over a 72 h period. In Exp. 2, neatsfoot oil was again used as a common artificial odorant to facilitate add-on fostering, but, in addition, the natural odors of own and alien lambs were transposed by exchanging cloth stockinette jackets worn by the lambs. In Exp. 1, 9 of 18 ewes (50%) met the criteria for accepting their own and alien lambs within 72 h. Seven of these nine ewes (78%) accepted the alien lamb immediately. In Exp. 2, 24 of 30 ewes (80%) accepted their own and alien young, and 20 of the 24 acceptances (83%) were immediate. We conclude that add-on fostering may be limited only by our inability to properly match familiar-odor cues on own and alien lambs.