gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"Intelligent" Ways to Cut Transportation's CO2 Emissions (2010)

Most policies to cut the transportation sector’s CO2 emissions focus on fuel-efficient vehicles, low-carbon fuels, and reductions in vehicle-miles traveled. One strategy that gets less attention but has high potential pay-off is Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). An example is variable speed limits on freeways, illustrated in the photo below. Under this scheme, motorists are alerted of downstream congestion and the adjusted posted speed limits help maintain a steadier, more even flow. Reducing the amount of stop-and-go traffic can significantly cut down on tailpipe emissions and fuel waste.Some studies suggest that the carbon reduction benefits of ITS are minimal. For example, the recently released “Moving Cooler” report, prepared by Cambridge Systematics, estimates that ITS would reduce emissions by less than 1% nationwide. Others contend that ITS projects could induce new travel that offset some of the gains. We believe that these analyses fail to include key calculations that cast ITS in a more favorable light.
Factors Associated with Intention of Sustainable Use in Players of the Wii Fit or Smartphone-Based Fitness Applications (2022)

The Wii Fit (Nintendo, Kyoto, Japan) is the most commonly used exergame platform for balance training. We explored diverse factors associated intention of sustainable use of either the Wii Fit or smartphone-based fitness applications. Then, we analyzed differences in such factors between users of the Wii Fit and those of smartphone-based fitness applications. We selected followers of the Instagram, Facebook and Twitter of the Wii Fit or smartphone-based fitness applications as the subjects for the current questionnaire survey that was performed between September and November 2020. For the current study, we used four concepts: presence, enjoyment, flow and intention of sustainable use. Then, we proposed the following five hypotheses: “Presence might have a significant positive effect on flow,” “Presence might have a significant positive effect on enjoyment,” “Enjoyment might have a significant positive effect on flow,” “Enjoyment might have a significant positive effect on intention of sustainable use” and “Flow might have a significant positive effect on intention of sustainable use.” The current questionnaire study includes a total of 301 subjects, who comprise 188 men (62.5%) and 113 women (37.5%). Moreover, the subjects are composed of 167 (55.5%) users of the Wii Fit and 134 users (44.5%) of smartphone-based fitness applications. We found that all the five hypotheses were accepted for users of the Wii Fit. We also found, however, that the following three hypotheses were accepted for users of smartphone-based fitness applications: “Presence might have a significant positive effect on flow.,” “Presence might have a significant positive effect on enjoyment.” and “Enjoyment might have a significant positive effect on intention of sustainable use.” Based on our results, it can be concluded not only that flow has a significant effect in mediating between presence, or enjoyment, and intention of sustainable use in users of the Wii Fit. Our results also indicate, however, that enjoyment has a significant effect in mediating between presence and intention of sustainable use in users of smartphone-based fitness applications.
Mapping and scheduling with task clustering for heterogeneous computing systems (2008)

This paper presents a new approach for mapping task graphs to heterogeneous hardware/software computing systems using heuristic search techniques. Two techniques: (1) integration of clustering, mapping, and scheduling in a single step and (2) multiple neighborhood functions strategy are proposed to enhance quality of mapping/scheduling solutions. Our approach is demonstrated by case studies involving 40 randomly generated task graphs, as well as four real applications including signal processing and pattern recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed integrated approach outperforms a separate approach in terms of quality of the mapping/scheduling solution by up to 18.3% for a heterogeneous system which includes a microprocessor, a floating-point digital signal processor, and an FPGA.
Calibration of a parallel robot using multiple kinematic closed loops (2002)

A method is presented for autonomous kinematic calibration of a 3-DOF redundant parallel robot. Multiple closed loops are used in a least squares optimization method. Ill-conditioning, column scaling of the gradient matrix, and observability indices for the best pose set of robot calibration configurations are discussed. Experimental results are presented and compared with the results using an external calibration device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coherent scattering and bone mineral measurement: The dependence of sensitivity on angle and energy (1991)

The sensitivity of a technique for the measurement of trabecular bone mineral concentration has been examined theoretically and experimentally. The technique is based on coherent gamma ray scattering and corrections for attenuation are obtained from transmitted photons rather than Compton scattered photons. For an incident photon energy of 60 keV, the minimum detectable bone mineral difference is practically independent of scattering angle while for an incident energy of 100 or 122 keV the scattering angle must be less than 70 degrees to optimize the minimum detectable difference.
Synthesis of Aminoalkoxy Substituted 4,5-Diphenylisoxazole Derivatives as Potential Anti-osteoporotic Agents (2013)

Certain 4,5-diarylisoxazole derivatives have been found to possess broad biological effects, including antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. Recently, we have reported preparation of certain isoflavone derivatives and investigated for their anti-osteoporotic and antiproliferative activities in a detailed SAR study. The present report describes the conversion of isoflavones into novel 4,5-diphenylisoxazole derivatives by the treatment with NH2OH. Alkylation followed by amination of these 4,5-diphenylisoxazoles gave the desired aminoalkoxy substituted 4,5-diphenylisoxazole derivatives. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for the osteogenic differentiation and quantification of mineralization. Although 5-isopropoxy-2-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]phenol (3) exhibited approximately 2.8-fold more activity than the positive Ipriflavone in the promotion of osteoblast activity (277% mineralization), the low cell viability (6%) and high cytotoxicity (68%) prompted us to further pursue more suitable candidates. A series of aminoalkyl side chains were introduced with aims to decrease cytotoxicity. Among them, 5-{4-isopropoxy-2-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butoxy]phenyl}-4-(4- methoxyphenyl)isoxazole (7a) exhibited approximately 2-fold more activity than the positive Ipriflavone in the promotion of osteoblast activity (194% mineralization) with comparable cell viability (71% v.s. 77%). Compound 7a was non cytotoxic against hADSCs and therefore, was selected as a lead for further structural optimization.
<p>Correlation of NRF2 and progesterone receptor and its effects on ovarian cancer biology</p> (2019)

In this study, the combination of cytoplasmic NRF2 and high PRA/PRB expression was demonstrated to be associated with improved overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Further understanding of interactions within the NRF2/AKR1C1/PR pathway could open new additional therapeutic approaches.
Sperm Chromatin Released by Nucleases (2008)

In human spermatozoa, 15-20% of histones are retained in the nucleus to coexist with protamines. Hypothetically, nucleohistone regions of sperm chromatin mark DNA sequences for distinctive processing during fertilization and early embryogenesis. The structural organization and molecular composition of nucleohistones in human spermatozoa is poorly studied. Here, we isolate and characterize fractions of sperm chromatin that are solubilized by endogenous and micrococcal nucleases. Chromatin isolated by either nuclease have a nucleosomal organization with the periodicity of approximately 195 bp (endogenous nuclease digest) and approximately 189 bp (micrococcal nuclease digest), which is similar to that of somatic cells. A distinct feature of sperm nucleohistone is its specific compact supra-nucleosomal organization that was demonstrated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and by atomic force microscopy. The latter technique showed compacted fiber arrays composed of globular particles with the prevailing diameter of approximately 16 nm. A rough estimation indicates that histones may cover continuous stretches of >50 kbp of sperm DNA. This initial characterization of sperm chromatin solubilized by nucleases is important for our understanding of the bipartite structural organization of the paternal genome.
Generative Dynamics of Supreme Court Citations: Analysis with a New Statistical Network Model (2021)

Abstract The significance and influence of U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions derive in large part from opinions’ roles as precedents for future opinions. A growing body of literature seeks to understand what drives the use of opinions as precedents through the study of Supreme Court case citation patterns. We raise two limitations of existing work on Supreme Court citations. First, dyadic citations are typically aggregated to the case level before they are analyzed. Second, citations are treated as if they arise independently. We present a methodology for studying citations between Supreme Court opinions at the dyadic level, as a network, that overcomes these limitations. This methodology—the citation exponential random graph model, for which we provide user-friendly software—enables researchers to account for the effects of case characteristics and complex forms of network dependence in citation formation. We then analyze a network that includes all Supreme Court cases decided between 1950 and 2015. We find evidence for dependence processes, including reciprocity, transitivity, and popularity. The dependence effects are as substantively and statistically significant as the effects of exogenous covariates, indicating that models of Supreme Court citations should incorporate both the effects of case characteristics and the structure of past citations.
Generation of femtosecond synchrotron pulses from the Advanced Light Source (2003)

We report the generation of femtosecond synchrotron radiation pulses from the Advanced Light Source by using a femtosecond laser to accelerate an ultrashort slice of the electron beam. This is a new high-brightness source for ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy.
Multistage skin tumor promotion: involvement of a protein kinase (1980)

Current information suggests that chemical carcinogenesis is a multistep process with one of the best studied models in this regard being the two-stage carcinogenesis system using mouse skin. The effects of several carcinogens and tumor promoters in various sequences of application were studied to examine the nature of the process. The actions of several tumor inhibitors were compared. (ACR)
Immunoglobulin M Is Required for Protection Against Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice (2009)

This study provides direct evidence that IgM antibodies play a central role in protection against atherosclerosis. The mechanism appears to be at least partly independent of classical pathway complement activation by C1q.
In(Ga)As/GaAs site‐controlled quantum dots with tailored morphology and high optical quality (2012)

Abstract In this article, we describe epitaxial growth and investigations of optical properties of In(Ga)As/GaAs site‐controlled quantum dots (QDs) fabricated on (001)‐oriented GaAs substrates. The QD nucleation is directed by pre‐patterning planar GaAs surfaces with shallow nanoholes. The focus of this work lies on the realization of arrays of site‐controlled QDs (SCQDs) with a tailored morphology and optical properties comparable to QDs fabricated on planar substrates. By maximizing the migration length during QD deposition, we were able to increase the QD pitches to values exceeding device dimensions of typical semiconductor microresonators. The introduction of a seeding layer in our growth scheme allows us to extend the vertical distance between the QDs and the etched nucleation centres to about 20 nm without suffering from nanoholes being occupied by multiple QDs. Furthermore, the extended distance between the QD layer and the re‐growth interface allows us to preserve excellent optical properties of the single QDs as probed in photoluminescence with an average single QD related linewidth of 133 µeV and minimum values as low as 25 µeV for non‐resonant excitation. The high yield of optically active QDs on the pre‐defined nucleation positions is studied by cathodoluminescence (CL) with high spatial resolution. We find emission from single SCQDs on more than 90% of the nucleation centres, which is a pre‐requisite for any scalable QD‐device fabrication scheme.
Synchronous second primary cancers in patients with squamous esophageal cancer: clinical features and survival outcome (2016)

Synchronous SPC were found in 6.6% of squamous EC patients, and PET-CT contributed substantially to the detection of synchronous SPC. EC patients with SPC had poor survival due to challenges of providing stage-appropriate treatment.
Effects of Heterodimeric Isoform of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor PDGF-AB on Wound Healing in the Rat (1994)

Earlier we reported a positive effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) on rat wound healing while corresponding doses of PDGF-AA were not as effective. The present work was undertaken to study the effects of the heterodimeric form of PDGF (PDGF-AB) on wound healing in rats. Subcutaneously implanted hollow cylindrical cellulose sponges served as an inductive matrix for the granulation tissue. Fifty microliters of solutions containing 0, 5, 50 or 500 ng of PDGF-AB heterodimer were injected daily into the sponges. The analyses of the granulation tissue in the sponge cylinders were carried out 7 days after implantation. Injections of 500 ng of PDGF-AB stimulated significantly the accumulation of collagen and proteins, indicated by the elevated hydroxyproline and nitrogen content of the sponge (+51%, p < 0.01 and +48%, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the amounts of DNA, RNA, hexosamines and uronic acids were significantly higher, reflecting a PDGF-AB-induced increase in the cellularity and glycosaminoglycans. Analyses of wound fluid showed a marked decrease in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to PDGF-AB treatment. Injections of a lower dose, 50 ng, of PDGF-AB increased significantly the mean amounts of nitrogen, RNA and uronic acids but no significant changes were observed in other parameters. The lowest dose of PDGF-AB, 5 ng daily, induced no essential effect. In vitro PDGF-AB increased the number of rat granulation tissue-derived fibroblasts and collagen accumulation per culture dish at concentrations of 10 and 30 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurements and simulations of aerosol released while singing and playing wind instruments (2021)

Outbreaks from choirs showed that singing brings potential risk of COVID-19 infection. There is less known about the risks of airborne infection from other musical performance, such as playing wind instruments or performing theatre. In addition, it is important to understand methods to reduce infection risk. In this study, we used a variety of methods, including flow visualization, aerosol and CO2 measurements, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to understand the different components that can lead to transmission risk from musical performance and risk mitigation. This study was possible because of a partnership across academic departments and institutions and collaboration with the National Federation of State High School Associations and the College Band Directors National Association. Funding for this project was provided by an international coalition of music organizations. We found that plumes from musical performance were highly directional, unsteady, and vary considerably in time and space. Aerosol number concentration measured at the bell of the clarinet were comparable to singing. Face and bell masks attenuated plume velocities and lengths and decreased aerosol concentrations measured in front of the masks. CFD modeling showed differences between indoor and outdoor environments and that lowest risk of airborne COVID-19 infection occurred at less than 30 min of exposure indoors and less than 60 minutes outdoors.
GTP‐binding proteins in luminal and basolateral membranes from pars convoluta and pars recta of rabbit kidney proximal tubule (1992)

The GTP-binding proteins on luminal and basolateral membrane vesicles from outer cortex (pars convoluta) and outer medulla (pars recta) of rabbit proximal tubule have been examined. The membrane vesicles were highly purified, as ascertained by electron microscopy, by measurements of marker enzymes, and by investigating segmental-specific transport systems. The [35S]GTP gamma S binding to vesicles, and to sodium cholate-extracted proteins from vesicles, indicated that the total content of GTP-binding proteins were equally distributed on pars convoluta, pars recta luminal and basolateral membranes. The membranes were ADP-ribosylated with [32P]NAD+ in the presence of pertussis toxin and cholera toxin. Gel electrophoresis revealed, for all preparations, the presence of cholera toxin [32P]ADP-ribosylated 42 and 45 kDa G alpha s proteins, and pertussis toxin [32P]ADP-ribosylated 41 kDa G alpha i1, 40 kDa G alpha i2 and 41 kDa G alpha i3 proteins. The 2D electrophoresis indicated that Go's were not present in luminal nor in basolateral membranes of pars convoluta or pars recta of rabbit proximal tubule.
Central administration of neuropeptide Y induces wakefulness in rats (2006)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a well-characterized neuromodulator in the central nervous system, primarily implicated in the regulation of feeding. NPY, orexins, and ghrelin form a hypothalamic food intake regulatory circuit. Orexin and ghrelin are also implicated in sleep-wake regulation. In the present experiments, we studied the sleep-modulating effects of central administration of NPY in rats. Rats received intracerebroventricular injection of physiological saline or three different doses of NPY (0.4, 2, and 10 microg in a volume of 4 microl) at light onset. Another group of rats received bilateral microinjection of saline or 2 microg NPY in the lateral hypothalamus in a volume of 0.2 microl. Sleep-wake activity and motor activity were recorded for 23 h. Food intake after the control and treatment injections was also measured on separate days. Intracerebroventricular and lateral hypothalamic administration of NPY suppressed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep in rats during the first hour after the injection and also induced changes in electroencephalogram delta power spectra. NPY stimulated food intake in the first hour after both routes of administration. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that NPY has a role in the integration of feeding, metabolism, and sleep regulation.
The Future of Train Control Systems (2013)

This paper gives an overview of the contribution of university-based research to the future development of train control and communications systems. Specifically it provides insight into research being conducted by UK universities to support the development of new train control systems, and includes some of the more radical ideas being investigated.
S100B and Cardiac Surgery (2001)

The brain-derived protein S100B is a 21 Kda dimerand have been used as a serum marker for brain damage of different etiology. The feasability of protein S100B as serum marker for brain damage after cardiac surgery was studied in this thesis. One unexpected finding was made, which changed the basis for interpration of S100B levels. Shed blood collected during surgery with cardiotomy suction contained high levels of S100B. In parallell, shed blood collected after surgery from drainage tubed also contained high levels of S100B. Retransfusion of this blood by means of cardiotomy suction or autotransfusion increased serum levels of S100B, making interpretation of serum samples drawn after retransfusion difficult to interpret, since the measured levels of S100B partly depended on extracerebral contamination. Th in vivo half-life for S100B was determined 25 minutes, and was not found to depend on glomerular filtration rate. As a consequence, any infusion of extracerebral S100B will be eliminated within 2-3 hours. A model for early S100B release was constructed, which corrected for extracerebral S100B and estimated release after surgery. With this model, a weak association was found between neuropsychological decline and increased release the first 4 hours after surgery. The nature of this association makes it difficult to use S100B in clinical practice for evaluating cognitive function in patients after surgery. In patients who suffered a brain infarction, absolute S100B levels 48 hours after surgery were found to correlate with size of the infarcted brain tissue. In these patients, S100B levels also predictedsurvival. In this group, patients with S100B above 0,5 microgram/L had shorter survival compared to those below that level. Increased S100B 48 hours after surgery was also associated with risk-factors for adverse neurological outcome.
Lithospermum erythrorhizon Root and its Naphthoquinones Repress SREBP1c and Activate PGC1α Through AMPKα (2017)

Data suggest that gromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones repress lipogenesis by increasing the phosphorylated state of AMPKα and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis signals.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Triptolide Induces the Expression of miR-142-3p: A Negative Regulator of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4 - PDF file 31K, Effect of microRNA-142-3p mimic overexpression on HSPA1A (HSP70) levels&lt;/p&gt;
Lung Counting: Evaluation of Uncertainties in Lung Burden Estimation Arising from a Heterogeneous Lung Deposition using Monte Carlo Code Simulations (1997)

A fundamental assumption made in calibrating a lung counter is that the deposition of radioactivity in the lung is homogeneous; however, depositions rarely follow this pattern. There will be an uncertainty on the activity estimate if the lung counter is calibrated using a lung set that has the activity homogeneously distributed throughout the tissue substitute material and the deposition in the subject is heterogeneous. Monte Carlo code simulations have shown that the uncertainty on an activity estimate of an internal deposition that emits 17 keV photons can be underestimated by as much as a factor of four, overestimated by as much as a factor of 26, or missed completely. As the photon energy rises to 60 keV the uncertainty on the activity decreases so that the maximum overestimate (or underestimate) will be a factor of three. Detector arrays minimise the uncertainties arising from the geometry of the lung deposition and should be the preferred counting configuration.
Production of Antibodies to Dextran Using Liposome as Adjuvant (1991)

The kinetics and nature of the immune response to dextran-BSA entrapped into liposomes was studied in rabbit. The antibody titer in the secondary immunization was found to be higher as compared to that in the primary response. In the primary response antibodies were of both IgG and IgM type but following secondary immunization the IgG level was increased. The conjugate entrapped into liposomes could establish an immunological memory for dextran. In order to eliminate the carrier effect of BSA, dextran was either entrapped or coupled to liposome and the immune response was studied in mice. The results revealed that dextran entrapped into liposomes or coupled to liposome surface induced IgM type immune response and antibody titer did not increase on secondary immunization.