gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic and Thermo-Chemical Assessment of a Post-Catalyst Burnout Zone Liner (2003)

A Kawasaki Heavy Industries M1A-13X engine equipped with a Xonon® Cool Combustion System was used to assess the “effectiveness” of a post-catalyst burnout zone liner. The engine is currently installed at the City of Santa Clara’s Silicon Valley Power municipal electrical generating stations and connected to the grid. Post-catalyst burnout zone liner aero-thermal design and inlet boundary conditions play an important role in achieving low CO emissions. In this particular study, these parameters have been evaluated to minimize CO emissions (by maximizing CO burnout). An aero thermal analysis was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the liner for two distinct engine configurations. The analysis includes characterization of the inlet boundary conditions, heat transfer analysis, ignition delay time, liner residence time and the aerodynamic flow field. In addition, engine tests were used to measure and evaluate the impact of design features on CO emissions. Tests were conducted using new seal design and catalyst liner interface configurations. Results from both of these investigations were then used to determine the “effectiveness” of the liner. The CFD analysis and engine test data identified potential regions of improvement to maximize CO burnout in the Burn out Zone (BOZ) liner. These improvements included changing the inlet boundary conditions as well as modifying the BOZ geometry. Ultimately, a solution scheme was selected and changes were made to the catalyst seal design as well as the catalyst to container interface. Upon implementation, these changes yielded an improved effectiveness and extended the operating range of the engine by minimizing CO emissions.
Determination of the Acidity of MCM-41 with Different Si/Al Ratios by the Temperature Programmed Desorption of Pyridine (2007)

Mesoporous catalysts of MCM-41 type with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis. Their acidic properties were determined via the temperature programmed desorption of pyridine. Vyazovkin kinetic models were used to correlate the total acidity as a function of the Si/Al ratio with the apparent activation energy for pyridine desorption. The results obtained indicated that the catalysts possessed weak and medium acidic sites. An increase in the Si/Al ratio led to an increase in the activation energy for pyridine desorption.
Vanishing hall voltage in a quasi-one-dimensionalGaAs−AlxGa1−xAsheterojunction (1988)

We have measured the Hall voltage developed across a narrow, high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas of variable width. For narrow channels, the Hall voltage vanishes when the prependicular magnetic field is reduced below a certain, critical value. If the magnetic field is kept constant as the width of the channel is reduced, the Hall voltage shows large departures from the classically expected result.
An Oscillatory Hierarchy Controlling Neuronal Excitability and Stimulus Processing in the Auditory Cortex (2005)

EEG oscillations are hypothesized to reflect cyclical variations in the neuronal excitability, with particular frequency bands reflecting differing spatial scales of brain operation. However, despite decades of clinical and scientific investigation, there is no unifying theory of EEG organization, and the role of ongoing activity in sensory processing remains controversial. This study analyzed laminar profiles of synaptic activity [current source density CSD] and multiunit activity (MUA), both spontaneous and stimulus-driven, in primary auditory cortex of awake macaque monkeys. Our results reveal that the EEG is hierarchically organized; delta (1-4 Hz) phase modulates theta (4-10 Hz) amplitude, and theta phase modulates gamma (30-50 Hz) amplitude. This oscillatory hierarchy controls baseline excitability and thus stimulus-related responses in a neuronal ensemble. We propose that the hierarchical organization of ambient oscillatory activity allows auditory cortex to structure its temporal activity pattern so as to optimize the processing of rhythmic inputs.
An extremely low profile, compact, and broadband tightly coupled patch array (2011)

A tightly coupled patch array (TCPA) is introduced to realize small‐size, extremely low profile planar antennas with broadband performance. Past approaches have used frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) as part of the substrate or ground plane (i.e., in passive mode) for also realizing low‐profile antennas. In contrast, the proposed TCPA employs an FSS aperture as the radiating structure (i.e., array antenna). A key aspect of the TCPA is the exploitation of differences in FSSs when operating in radiating and passive modes. Tight element coupling and periodic excitation are the keys for achieving broadband operation. In this paper, a small‐size, finite array is designed along with a very thin and compact feeding network. The designed TCPA resonated at 2.07 GHz with 5.6% impedance bandwidth (∣ S 11 ∣ &lt; −10 dB), 4.4 dB realized gain (86% efficiency), and 23% gain bandwidth (3 dB drop). Of importance is that the overall aperture dimensions were only λ 0 /3 × λ 0 /3 and λ 0 /42 thick (including feeding network) at the midfrequency of operation. A preliminary TCPA antenna prototype was fabricated and tested. Both simulated and measured data show enhanced bandwidth as compared to the conventional microstrip patch antennas of the same size and thickness. However, as common for such extremely low profile microstrip antennas, the conductivity losses were augmented. Thus, the measured TCPA efficiency (50%) was smaller than computed.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular features of BRG1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2018)

12083 Background: Genomic alterations (GA) in SMARCA4, the gene encoding the SWI/SNF complex subunit BRG1, have been observed in 10% of NSCLC. RNA-based analyses suggest that loss of BRG1 expression is frequently associated with frameshift/nonsense (F/N) SMARCA4 GA. In preclinical studies, BRG1 deficiency sensitizes to enhancer zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition combined with chemotherapy (PMID: 25629630). To characterize the subset with SMARCA4 GA, we reviewed 2 independent NSCLC datasets and analyzed BRG1 protein expression in cases with available tissue. Methods: To identify cases with SMARCA4 GA, we examined the molecular profiles of 27,281 NSCLCs sequenced at Foundation Medicine (FM) and a separate cohort of 820 consecutive NSCLCs sequenced at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the Abcam rabbit BRG1 antibody (EPR3912) to assess BRG1 expression in NSCLCs with SMARCA4 GA. Results: We detected SMARCA4 GA in 73 (9%) and 3,188 (11%) patients (pts) in the MGH and FM datasets, respectively. SMARCA4 GA were distributed throughout all protein domains. F/N GA comprised approximately one-third of SMARCA4 GA in both groups (MGH: 32% and FM:36%). 40 pts (15 with F/N GA) in the MGH group had available tissue for IHC. Thirteen specimens—all from smokers with F/N SMARCA4 GA— had loss of BRG1 expression. Median age of pts with absent BRG1 expression was 69.2 years. Loss of BRG1 expression was observed in 9 adenocarcinomas as well as 2 poorly-differentiated,1 sarcomatoid, and 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma(s). Ten of the 13 pts with BRG1-deficient NSCLC underwent PD-L1 testing. Eight tumors had no PD-L1 expression and one had ≥50% expression. With the exception of 5 (38%) pts with concurrent KRAS GA, we did not find driver GA in the BRG1-deficient specimens. As BRG1 loss was limited to F/N GA, we queried the FM dataset to identify genes frequently co-altered with F/N SMARCA4 GA. F/N SMARCA4 GA commonly co-occurred with TP53 (74%), CDKN2A (38%), STK11 (34%), and KRAS (26%) GA. Conclusions: SMARCA4 GA are present in approximately 10% of NSCLC, but our data suggest that F/N GA may disproportionately lead to BRG1 loss. F/N SMARCA4 GA occur in 3-4% of NSCLC and overlap with KRAS GA.
Spot Identification and Quality Control in Cell-Based Microarrays (2012)

Cell-based microarrays are being increasingly used as a tool for combinatorial and high throughput screening of cellular microenvironments. Analysis of microarrays requires several steps, including microarray imaging, identification of cell spots, quality control, and data exploration. While high content image analysis, cell counting, and cell pattern recognition methods are established, there is a need for new postprocessing and quality control methods for cell-based microarrays used to investigate combinatorial microenvironments. Previously, microarrayed cell spot identification and quality control were performed manually, leading to excessive processing time and potentially resulting in human bias. This work introduces an automated approach to identify cell-based microarray spots and spot quality control. The approach was used to analyze the adhesion of murine cardiac side population cells on combinatorial arrays of extracellular matrix proteins. Microarrays were imaged by automated fluorescence microscopy and cells were identified using open-source image analysis software (CellProfiler). From these images, clusters of cells making up single cell spots were reliably identified by analyzing the distances between cells using a density-based clustering algorithm (OPTICS). Naïve Bayesian classifiers trained on manually scored training sets identified good and poor quality spots using spot size, number of cells per spot, and cell location as quality control criteria. Combined, the approach identified 78% of high quality spots and 87% of poor quality spots. Full factorial analysis of the resulting microarray data revealed that collagen IV exhibited the highest positive effect on cell attachment. This data processing approach allows for fast and unbiased analysis of cell-based microarray data.
Antiulcer agents. 1. Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (1985)

A novel class of antiulcer agents, the substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, is described. The present compounds are not histamine (H2) receptor antagonists nor are they prostaglandin analogues, yet they exhibit both gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties. The mechanism of gastric antisecretory activity may involve inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme. Structure-activity studies led to the identification of 3-(cyanomethyl)-2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, SCH 28080 (27), which was selected for further development and clinical evaluation.
Disposition of the phenylalanine B25 side chain during insulin-receptor and insulin-insulin interactions (1991)

By the semisynthesis of both full-length insulin analogues and their des-pentapeptide-(B26-B30)-alpha-carboxamide counterparts, we have examined the importance of the electronic character and bulk of the position B25 side chain both in directing insulin interaction with its receptor on isolated canine hepatocytes and in determining the ability of insulin to self-associate in solution. Analogues include those in which PheB25 was replaced by cyclohexyl-Ala; Tyr; p-nitro-, p-fluoro-, p-iodo-, or p-amino-Phe; or p-amino-Phe in which the aromatic amino function had been acylated by the acetyl, hexanoyl, decanoyl, or 1-adamantanoyl group. Our findings identify that (a) the beta-aromatic side chain at position B25 is indeed critical for high-affinity ligand-receptor interactions, (b) neither electron withdrawal from nor electron donation to the beta-aromatic ring perturbs ligand-receptor interactions in major ways, (c) considerable latitude is allowed the placement of linear or polycyclic apolar mass at the para position in p-amino-PheB25-substituted analogues with respect both to receptor binding affinity and to biological activity in vivo, and (d) para apolar mass at position B25 is readily accommodated during the self-association of insulin monomers, as assessed by analytical tyrosine radioiodination and spectroscopic analysis of analogue complexes with Co2+ and Co3+. These findings are discussed in terms of a model for insulin-receptor interactions at the cell membrane in which the position B25 side chain defines the edge of intermolecular contact.
Scalable resilience for Software-Defined Networking using Loop-Free Alternates with loop detection (2015)

In this paper we propose a novel resilience scheme for OpenFlow-based Software-Defined Networking (SDN). To forward packets in line speed, OpenFlow switches store their flow tables in expensive, limited TCAM due to which the stored tables cannot be large. Most resilience mechanisms require additional entries thus the implementation in OpenFlow may quickly exceed the available TCAM. Loop-Free Alternates (LFAs) are a standardized mechanism for fast reroute in IP networks which do not require additional entries. However, LFAs cannot protect against all single link and node failures. Moreover, some LFAs even cause loops in case of some node failures or multiple failures, making additional links unusable. Excluding such LFAs reduces the fraction of protected destinations (protection coverage) in nodes even further. We suggest a scheme for detection of loops caused by LFAs. It maximizes the protection coverage because it allows all LFAs to be used without creating loops. We describe how LFAs and the loop detection scheme can be implemented in OpenFlow networks with only little packet overhead and a single additional entry per switch. We evaluate our proposal on real network topologies of varying size and connectivity. In particular, we quantify the benefit gained from loop detection. Amongst others, we study the percentage of failures that cannot be protected by LFAs at all, and the percentage of failures in which conventional LFAs cause extra loops.
Calculation and Analysis of the Surface Heat-Transfer Coefficient and Temperature Fields on the Three-Dimensional Complex End Windings of a Large Turbogenerator (2014)

With increased turbogenerator capacity and electromagnetic load, overheating of the complex end parts has become one of the main problems affecting safe and stable turbogenerator operation. In this research, a flow network was built representing the structural and ventilation characteristics of a 330-MW turbogenerator. The fan inlet velocity and pressures (boundary conditions) of each end-region outlet were obtained by the flow network method. The 3-D transient electromagnetic field in the turbogenerator end was calculated, and the eddy current losses (heat sources) of the end parts were obtained by the finite-element method. To study the surface heat-transfer coefficient distribution on the stator-end winding surface, fluid and thermal mathematical and geometric models of the whole turbogenerator end region were given. Using the finite-volume method, the surface heat-transfer coefficient distribution on the complex 3-D stator-end winding surface, fluid-flow distribution, and temperature distribution of the end parts were investigated under rated-load conditions. The calculated temperature results match well with measured data. This research can provide a theoretical basis for calculating the heat-transfer coefficients of the outer surfaces of large turbogenerators.
Structural Capture of η1-OSO to η2-(OS)O Coordination Isomerism in a New Ruthenium-Based SO2-Linkage Photoisomer That Exhibits Single-Crystal Optical Actuation (2022)

Recent discoveries of a range of single-crystal optical actuators are feeding a new form of materials chemistry, given their broad range of potential applications, from light-induced molecular motors to light sensors and optical-memory media. A series of ruthenium-based coordination complexes that exhibit sulfur dioxide linkage photoisomerization is of particular interest because they exhibit single-crystal optical actuation via either optical switching or nano-optomechanical transduction processes. We report the discovery of a new complex in this series of chemicals, [Ru(SO<sub>2</sub>)(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(3-fluoropyridine)]tosylate<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>), which forms an η<sup>1</sup>-OSO photoisomer with 70% photoconversion upon the application of 505 nm light. The uncoordinated oxygen atom in this η<sup>1</sup>-OSO photoisomer impinges on one of the arene rings in a neighboring tosylate counter ion of <b>1</b> just enough that incipient nano-optomechanical transduction is observed. The structure and optical properties of this actuator are characterized via <i>in situ</i> light-induced single-crystal X-ray diffraction (photocrystallography), single-crystal optical absorption spectroscopy and microscopy, as well as single-crystal Raman spectroscopy. These materials-characterization methods were also used to track thermally induced reverse isomerization processes in <b>1</b>. One of these processes involves an η<sup>1</sup>-OSO to η<sup>2</sup>-(OS)O transition, which was found to proceed sufficiently slowly at 110 K that its structural mechanism could be determined via a time sequence of photocrystallography experiments. The resulting data allowed us to structurally capture the transition, which was shown to occur via a form of coordination isomerism. Our newfound knowledge about this structural mechanism will aid the molecular design of new [RuSO<sub>2</sub>] complexes with functional applications.
Hydrophobic Silica Aerogels Strengthened with Nonwoven Fibers (2006)

Hydrophobic silica aerogels were prepared via a sol‐gel process by surface modification at ambient pressure. Nonwoven fibers were distributed inside the silica aerogels as a composite to act as a supporting skeleton which increased the mechanical property of the silica aerogels. The morphology and pore structure of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption analyzer. The contact angle and the adsorption capacities of the composites were also determined. The results show that silica aerogels dispersed uniformly and maintained high porosity in the aerogel‐fiber composites. They have excellent hydrophobic properties and are excellent adsorptive materials.
Fast Method for Parametric System Identification of Gradient Systems (2014)

A method for characterising a gradient system is introduced. This is a parametric method and thus the system has an analytic form. It is fast and requires only one measurement in each gradient direction and can thus be completed in minutes. It can also be extended to characterise the shim system. Monitoring the B0 field is done using a 16 channel field camera. The predicted model is compared to measured data.
Electrocorticographic Frequency Alteration Mapping of Speech Cortex during an Awake Craniotomy: Case Report (2009)

EFAM was technically achieved in an awake craniotomy patient and had good concordance with ECS mapping. Because it poses no risk of afterdischarges and offers substantial time savings, EFAM holds promise for future development as an adjunct intraoperative mapping tool. Additionally, the cortical signals obtained by this modality can be utilized for localization in the presence of a tumor adjacent to the eloquent regions.
The Role of Related Party Transactions in the Failure of New Zealand Finance Companies (2013)

This paper reviews 13 of the New Zealand finance companies that failed between 2006 and 2012, in part due to excessive related party lending. The related party transactions of the finance companies examined had four common characteristics, namely excessive lending without satisfactory securities, management fraud, deliberate non-disclosure of significant lending and breaches of statutory requirements and agreements. In a number of these cases the auditors failed to identify undisclosed related party transaction due to a lack of planning or preformed auditing work with insufficient professional skepticism. Significant changes have occurred partly as a result of the collapse of so many finance companies. These changes include the introduction of new regulations and legislation in respect of licensing requirements for auditors, financial advisors and trustees; more rigorous governance and disclosure requirements for finance companies and financial advisors; and harsher penalties for financial market misconduct.
Digital Reputation for Virtual Communities (2007)

In this report we provide an overview of digital reputation management systems for virtual communities. We begin with a discussion on the how trust is created in the real world. We then highlight how the process of trust creation differs in the virtual world. Next, we talk about the different ways in which digital reputations are useful to virtual communities such as incentivizing cooperation and punishing malicious users, providing recommendations or as a form of distributed authentication. We then discuss how evolutionary biology and game theory have informed research in reputation systems. This is followed by a discussion of the various components of reputation such as context, the forms of evidence, first and second order reputation and architectural considerations including the role of distributed hash tables in decentralized reputation management systems. We conclude with a discussion of some reputation management systems such as complaints-based trust, EigenTrust, PeerTrust and ROCQ.
Finance et Economie de l'incertain (2001)

Finance, Economie, l'incertain
Radioactive Gibberellin A5 and Its Metabolism in Dwarf Peas (1970)

Radioactive gibberellin A(5) ((3)H-GA(5)) was synthesized from gibberellic acid. When it was applied to dwarf peas grown in the dark, an average of 3% was converted to another acid gibberellin within 48 hours. The biological activity of the metabolite did not account for the response to applied GA(5). GA(5) is therefore assumed to be biologically active per se.(3)H-GA(5) did not appear to form a stable complex with a macromolecule in pea shoots. When injected into dwarf pea pods, (3)H-GA(5) was readily metabolized by maturing seed to more water-soluble substances and to two other acidic compounds. This metabolism continued even throughout germination of the seed without reconversion of the metabolites to GA(5). It is concluded that "bound" GA(5) plays no part in the germination of dwarf pea seeds.
Broadband EMI shielding for electro-optical systems (2002)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of apertures in electro-optical (EO) systems can be accomplished generally by transparent electrically conductive (EC) coatings, wire meshes or opaque EC coatings patterned to form meshes. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of these methods are studied both analytically and experimentally. The shielding due to both absorption and reflection as a function of frequency was evaluated. EO systems often use aperture windows made of dielectric or semiconductive material which transmit in the optical waveband(s) of interest. The effect of the substrate material on the SE of the both deposited transparent EC coatings and on opaque mesh patterned EC coatings is examined. The broadband shielding benefits of using aperture windows with EC coatings deposited on semiconductive window substrates is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>