gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesostructured Thin Film Solar Cells: Examining Hole Transfer Mechanisms and Device Stability (2022)

To meet their potential for abundant, cost-effective renewable energy production, photovoltaics must be developed which are simultaneously higher efficiency and lower cost. The rise of nanotechnology has enabled the design of new classes of solar cells, such as extremely thin absorber (ETA) and perovskite solar cells, which could ultimately meet this goal. This dissertation describes progress in the fundamental understanding of charge transfer processes in Sb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ETA solar cells, and improving the stability of CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; perovskite solar cells. ETA solar cells have the distinct advantage of very thin absorber layers which facilitate efficient charge extraction in materials with relatively low minority carrier diffusion lengths. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to track minority carrier (hole) behavior in Sb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ETA solar cells. Hole transfer out of Sb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; is found to be strongly dependent on Sb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; thickness, therefore we develop a model which allows for the comprehensive exploration of the mechanism of hole transfer and the elucidation of the rate limiting step. The broader implications of these results on photovoltaic performance are explored through measurements on TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/Sb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/CuSCN solar cells. Solar cells employing the hybrid perovskite material CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; have recently risen to the forefront due to their unparalleled rise in power conversion efficiency. Nonetheless, the so-called perovskite solar cells have substantial hurdles to overcome on the road to commercialization. Two issues which have risen to the forefront are the cost and stability of the hole transport material (HTM) and the stability of CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; when exposed to moisture. We demonstrate that CuI, an inorganic HTM with dramatically lower cost than typical organic HTMs, shows promising stability, displays two orders of magnitude higher p-type conductivity, and reaches 75% of the performance of comparable devices featuring a typical organic HTM. Lastly, we systematically explore the degradation of CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in the presence of atmospheric moisture. It is shown that H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O is able to complex with CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, forming a hydrate. We characterize the optical and structural changes associated with this transformation, and subsequently study the deleterious effects of moisture on photovoltaic performance in light on these spectroscopic understandings in order to elucidate the mechanism of degradation.
Occlusion-robust model learning for human pose estimation (2015)

In this paper we examine the efficacy of self-occlusion-aware appearance learning for the part based model. Appearance modeling with less accurate appearance data is problematic because it adversely affects entire learning process. We evaluate the effectiveness of mitigating the influence of self-occluded body parts to be modeled for better appearance modeling process. To meet this end, We introduce an effective method for scoring degree of self-occlusion and we employ an approach learning a sample proportionally weighted to the score. We present our approach improves the performance of human pose estimation.
The Role of Thrombin, Fibrinogen, and Fibronectin on Platelet Clot Retraction Forces Analyzed Using Microposts (2010)

When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets aggregate together to form a thrombus that seals vascular leakage and promotes healing. The process of thrombosis involves activation of platelets by soluble ligands, adhesion to the wound site, change in shape from a discoidal to a stellate structure, and the attachment of additional platelets onto the nascent clot through adhesive ligand bridges. Once formed, a clot will undergo a retraction in volume that packs platelets together and allows blood flow to recommence. Much attention has been paid to the early phases of thrombosis — adhesion and aggregation — but the process of clot retraction is vital to stabilizing the clot.
Supplementary Figure S8 from <i>CCNE1</i> and <i>PLK1</i> Mediate Resistance to Palbociclib in HR+/HER2− Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effects of PLK1 gene modulation on cell sensitivity to palbociclib alone or in combination with fulvestrant in ER+ breast cancer cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Sharing power distribution networks for enhanced power integrity by using Through-Silicon-Via (2008)

This paper presents the excellent enhancement of power integrity (PI) by using through-silicon-via (TSV), which gives very small inductance to power distribution network (PDN) and consequently makes PDN impedance very low by sharing PDNs of 3-dimensionally (3-D) stacked chips. In this paper, the enhanced PI is shown by comparing that of wire-bonding applied 3-D stacked chips. A single SG (Signal/Ground)-TSV-pair shows very small serial inductance (< 30 pH) due to its small height (80 ¿m) and shunt capacitance (> 4 pF) due to its thin SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (0.2 ¿m) between TSV and silicon substrate. In TSV applied 3-D multi-stacked chips case for high frequency application, the stability of PI becomes better than any other interconnection methods.
Apoptotic cells induce Mer tyrosine kinase–dependent blockade of NF-κB activation in dendritic cells (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in immune homeostasis and maintenance of self-tolerance. Tolerogenic DCs can be established by an encounter with apoptotic cells (ACs) and subsequent inhibition of maturation and effector functions. The receptor(s) and signaling pathway(s) involved in AC-induced inhibition of DCs have yet to be defined. We demonstrate that pretreatment with apoptotic but not necrotic cells inhibits activation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) and downstream NF-kappaB. Notably, receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (MerTK) binding of ACs is required for mediating this effect. Monocyte-derived DCs lacking MerTK expression (MerTKKD) or treated with blocking MerTK-specific antibodies (Abs) are resistant to AC-induced inhibition and continue to activate NF-kappaB and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Blocking MerTK activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway prevents AC-induced inhibition. These results demonstrate an essential role for MerTK-mediated regulation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-kappaB pathways in AC-induced inhibition of monocyte-derived DCs.
Polymeric materials formed by precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent (1993)

Abstract Polymer microspheres and fibers are formed with a versatile new process, precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent. By spraying a 1 wt. % polystyrene in toluene solution into CO 2 through a 100‐μm nozzle, microspheres are formed with diameters from 0.1 to 20 μm as the CO 2 density decreases from 0.86 to 0.13 g/cm 3 . The uniform submicron spheres produced at high CO 2 density are due in part to the rapid atomization produced by the large intertial and low interfacial forces. Fibers, with and without microporosity, are obtained at higher polymer concentrations where viscous forces stabilize the jet. The effect of CO 2 density and temperature on the size, morphology and porosity of the resulting polymeric materials is explained in terms of the phase behavior, spray characteristics, and the depression in the glass transition temperature.
Low-resistance and highly-reflective Zn–Ni solid solution/Ag ohmic contacts for flip-chip light-emitting diodes (2003)

We have investigated a Zn–Ni solid solution/Ag scheme for use in producing high-quality ohmic contacts for flip-chip light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The as-deposited contact shows nonlinear I–V characteristics. However, oxidizing the contacts at temperatures of 350–550 °C for 1 min in air ambient results in linear I–V behaviors, yielding specific contact resistances of 10−4–10−5 Ω cm2. In addition, LEDs are fabricated with the oxidized Zn–Ni solid solution/Ag contacts and Ag single contacts. The typical I–V characteristics of the LEDs with the annealed Zn–Ni solid solution (2.5 nm)/Ag (200 nm) p-type contact layers reveal a forward-bias voltage of 3.25 V at an injection current of 20 mA, which is much better than that of the LEDs with the Ag (200 nm) contact layers.
A Sedimented Sample of a 59 kDa Dodecameric Helicase Yields High‐Resolution Solid‐State NMR Spectra (2012)

Crystal clear: Preparing solid-state NMR samples that yield high-resolution spectra displaying high sensitivity is time-consuming and complicated. A sample of the 59 kDa protein DnaB, prepared simply by preparative centrifugation, provides spectra that are as good as the ones from carefully grown microcrystals.
The JNK-dependent CaMK pathway restrains the reversion of committed cells during osteoclast differentiation (2008)

Osteoclastogenesis involves the commitment of macrophage-lineage precursors to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) mononuclear pre-osteoclasts (pOCs) and subsequent fusion of pOCs to form multinuclear mature osteoclasts. Despite many studies on osteoclast differentiation, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that specifically mediate the osteoclastic commitment. In this study, we found that inhibition of JNK at the pOC stage provoked reversion of TRAP(+) cells to TRAP(-) cells. The conversion to TRAP(-) cells occurred with concomitant return to the state with higher expression of macrophage antigens, and greater activity of phagocytosis and dendritic-differentiation potential. JNK inhibition at the pOC stage reduced NFATc1 and CaMK levels, and addition of active NFATc1 partially rescued the effect of JNK inhibition. In addition, the level of NFATc1 was decreased by knockdown of CaMK by RNAi and by catalytic inhibition of CaMK, which both caused the reversion of pOCs to macrophages. These data suggest that JNK activity is specifically required for maintaining the committed status during osteoclastogenesis and that the CaMK-NFATc1 pathway is the key element in that specific role of JNK.
The Acoustic Research in the Department of Architectural Science Ryerson University (2016)

Le laboratoire de la science du btiment dans le dpartement de sciences architecturales a les capacits pour mener des expriences d'valuation des proprits de matriaux acoustiques.Quatre tubes d'impdance sont disponibles pour valuer le coefficient d'absorption et un certain nombre de proprits associes.Les tests utilisant un systme a deux microphones ainsi que les tests utilisant un systme trois microphones peuvent y tre effectus.Un soufflerie chelle rduite peut tre utilise pour des expriences de localisation de sources.Modlisation dtaille par lments finis, en utilisant COMSOL, peut tre utilis pour prdire la performance acoustique des silencieux passifs, les rsonateurs de Helmholtz ainsi que la propagation du son dans des souffleries.La simulations Aero-acoustiques est galement possible en utilisant le puissant logiciel "ACTRAN".Enfin, la recherche acoustique relie au auditorium et salle sont ralises en utilisant la fois les outils de simulation ainsi que des tudes exprimentales.Les dtails de la recherche seront mis en vidence dans ce bref rsum.
Anti-C5 Antibody Treatment Ameliorates Weakness in Experimentally Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (2007)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular transmission disorder in which damage to acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on motor endplates by autoantibody-induced complement attack causes muscle weakness. To determine whether and, if so, to what extent, blockade of complement cascade at the C5 step ameliorates disease, we evaluated the effect of administering a functionally blocking anti-C5 mAb in passive experimental MG in Lewis rats induced with AChR Ab McAb-3. In contrast to uniform severe weakness at 24 h requiring euthanasia in untreated animals, anti-C5 mAb-pretreated rats showed no weakness at 48 h. Anti-C5 mAb treatment 24 h after disease induction restored strength in two-thirds of the rats. Immunofluorescence staining of endplates from the treated animals showed that C9 deposition at AChR was reduced and ultrastructural analyses showed that endplates were intact. The results argue that targeting C5 may warrant testing in MG patients and that this approach may be particularly valuable for myasthenic crisis.
Room-temperature crystallography reveals altered binding of small-molecule fragments to PTP1B (2023)

Much of our current understanding of how small-molecule ligands interact with proteins stems from X-ray crystal structures determined at cryogenic (cryo) temperature. For proteins alone, room-temperature (RT) crystallography can reveal previously hidden, biologically relevant alternate conformations. However, less is understood about how RT crystallography may impact the conformational landscapes of protein-ligand complexes. Previously, we showed that small-molecule fragments cluster in putative allosteric sites using a cryo crystallographic screen of the therapeutic target PTP1B (Keedy et al., 2018). Here, we have performed two RT crystallographic screens of PTP1B using many of the same fragments, representing the largest RT crystallographic screens of a diverse library of ligands to date, and enabling a direct interrogation of the effect of data collection temperature on protein-ligand interactions. We show that at RT, fewer ligands bind, and often more weakly - but with a variety of temperature-dependent differences, including unique binding poses, changes in solvation, new binding sites, and distinct protein allosteric conformational responses. Overall, this work suggests that the vast body of existing cryo-temperature protein-ligand structures may provide an incomplete picture, and highlights the potential of RT crystallography to help complete this picture by revealing distinct conformational modes of protein-ligand systems. Our results may inspire future use of RT crystallography to interrogate the roles of protein-ligand conformational ensembles in biological function.
Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks for Civil Applications: A Communications Viewpoint (2016)

The days where swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will occupy our skies are fast approaching due to the introduction of cost-efficient and reliable small aerial vehicles and the increasing demand for use of such vehicles in a plethora of civil applications. Governments and industry alike have been heavily investing in the development of UAVs. As such it is important to understand the characteristics of networks with UAVs to enable the incorporation of multiple, coordinated aerial vehicles into the air traffic in a reliable and safe manner. To this end, this survey reports the characteristics and requirements of UAV networks for envisioned civil applications over the period 2000-2015 from a communications and networking viewpoint. We survey and quantify quality-of-service requirements, network-relevant mission parameters, data requirements, and the minimum data to be transmitted over the network. Furthermore, we elaborate on general networking related requirements such as connectivity, adaptability, safety, privacy, security, and scalability. We also report experimental results from many projects and investigate the suitability of existing communication technologies for supporting reliable aerial networking.
Erratum for: Master equation and Fokker-Planck methods for void nucleation and growth in irradiation swelling, Vacancy cluster evolution and swelling in irradiated 316 stainless steel and Radiation swelling behavior and its dependence on temperature, dose (2005)

We have recently discovered an error in our void nucleation code used in three prior publications [1-3]. A term was omitted in the model for vacancy re-emission that (especially at high temperature) affects void nucleation and growth during irradiation as well as void annealing and Ostwald ripening of the size distribution after irradiation. The omission was not immediately detected because the calculations predict reasonable void densities and swelling behaviors when compared to experiment at low irradiation temperatures, where void swelling is prominent. (Comparable neutron irradiation experiments are less prevalent at higher temperatures, e.g., &gt; 500 C.)
Draft Genome Sequence of Desulfuromonas acetexigens Strain 2873, a Novel Anode-Respiring Bacterium (2017)

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of <i>Desulfuromonas acetexigens</i> strain 2873, which was originally isolated from digester sludge from a sewage treatment plant in Germany. This bacterium is capable of anode respiration with high electrochemical activity in microbial electrochemical systems. The draft genome contains 3,376 predicted protein-coding genes and putative multiheme c-type cytochromes.
Alkoxide-promoted [1,3] rearrangements of 1,3-dithianes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkoxide-promoted [1,3] rearrangements of 1,3-dithianesStephen R. Wilson, Raj N. Misra, and Gregory M. GeorgiadisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 12, 2460–2468Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01300a040Request reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monitoring Biofilm Formation in Power Plant Environments (1997)

Power plants have experienced severe general corrosion, pitting, under deposit corrosion, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in cooling water systems, resulting in decreased plant availability and significantly increased operations and maintenance costs. MIC has been a particularly difficult problem since corrosion resistant alloys in relatively benign environments have failed as a result of microbiological influences in short times. Copper base alloys, carbon steels and stainless steels have all been susceptible. In a number of instances, replacement of piping and heat exchangers has been required to alleviate corrosion-related problems. Monitoring is a key element to improved corrosion control in cooling water systems. On-line methods provide evaluations of corrosion rates in real time and are sensitive to localized corrosion. Electrochemical methods of corrosion measurement are readily automated, both for acquisition of corrosion data and for process control. An electrochemical probe for on-line monitoring of biofilm activity has been shown to provide an early warning of biofilm formation and incipient MIC in fresh and saline waters.
Novel methodology to replicate clot analogs with diverse composition in acute ischemic stroke (2016)

Seven different clot types were developed to replicate common AIS thrombi. These clot analogs may be beneficial for the preclinical evaluation of endovascular therapies, and may be applied to interventional technique training.
Extra domain A of fibronectin primes leukotriene biosynthesis and stimulates neutrophil migration through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (2011)

These results demonstrate the ability of rhED-A to promote LTB4 biosynthesis and PMN migration through TLR-4 activation, thus providing new insights on TLR-dependent mechanisms of regulation of LTB4 biosynthesis and PMN infiltration in inflammatory joint diseases.
Automatic Argument Quality Assessment - New Datasets and Methods (2019)

Assaf Toledo, Shai Gretz, Edo Cohen-Karlik, Roni Friedman, Elad Venezian, Dan Lahav, Michal Jacovi, Ranit Aharonov, Noam Slonim. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
tsRNA signatures in cancer (2017)

Small, noncoding RNAs are short untranslated RNA molecules, some of which have been associated with cancer development. Recently we showed that a class of small RNAs generated during the maturation process of tRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs, hereafter "tsRNAs") is dysregulated in cancer. Specifically, we uncovered tsRNA signatures in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lung cancer and demonstrated that the <i>ts-4521/3676</i> cluster (now called "<i>ts-101</i>" and "<i>ts-53</i>," respectively), <i>ts-46</i>, and <i>ts-47</i> are down-regulated in these malignancies. Furthermore, we showed that tsRNAs are similar to Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and demonstrated that <i>ts-101</i> and <i>ts-53</i> can associate with PiwiL2, a protein involved in the silencing of transposons. In this study, we extended our investigation on tsRNA signatures to samples collected from patients with colon, breast, or ovarian cancer and cell lines harboring specific oncogenic mutations and representing different stages of cancer progression. We detected tsRNA signatures in all patient samples and determined that tsRNA expression is altered upon oncogene activation and during cancer staging. In addition, we generated a knocked-out cell model for <i>ts-101</i> and <i>ts-46</i> in HEK-293 cells and found significant differences in gene-expression patterns, with activation of genes involved in cell survival and down-regulation of genes involved in apoptosis and chromatin structure. Finally, we overexpressed <i>ts-46</i> and <i>ts-47</i> in two lung cancer cell lines and performed a clonogenic assay to examine their role in cell proliferation. We observed a strong inhibition of colony formation in cells overexpressing these tsRNAs compared with untreated cells, confirming that tsRNAs affect cell growth and survival.