gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Vertical Channel Thin Film Transistor: Improvement Approach Similar to Multigate Monolithic CMOS Technology (2011)

The silicon based thin film transistors (TFTs) technology evolution is governed by electrical performances that are needed for many applications. Previous papers highlighted the influence of the process, the quality and the nature of the channel material on their electrical properties. TFTs had as well channel parallel to the substrate surface as quasi-vertical channels. This last choice allows an increase of the equivalent current density flowing in the circuit thanks to a shorter channel length and a higher channel width, for the same lithographical node. However, the drain-source leakage current was measured proportional to the source-drain face-to-face area, while Ion is proportional to channel width. This behavior was also observed in vertical monolithic structures. To minimize this effect two main ways are proposed: decreasing the scale, or including a physical barrier between source and drain. We will see that these approaches are really similar to ULSI technology ones.
FIR digital filters with simultaneous conditions on amplitude and delay (1982)

A general analytic technique is given for the design of FIR digital filters with simultaneous conditions on both the amplitude and delay responses. It is shown that phase linearity can be maintained only within the passband, resulting in increased amplitude selectivity as compared with filters with exact linear phase at all frequencies.
REAL‐TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR DETECTION OF VIABLE SHIGA TOXIN‐PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN FOOD (2009)

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin (Stx)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), particularly E. coli O157:H7, have been associated with food‐related outbreaks and have become a global health concern. Detection of low numbers of viable STEC in food is undoubtedly challenging. The present study demonstrated that 7 × 10 2 to 7 × 10 3 cfu E. coli O157:H7 cells in 50 mL of inoculated food samples including apple juice, lettuce and ground beef could be concentrated through a two‐step filtration technique. Bacterial RNA was effectively isolated from the concentrated E. coli O157:H7 cells with the combination of Trizol Max Bacterial RNA Isolation Enhancement Reagent and TriReagent®. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with seven sets of primers targeting virulence and serotype genes of E. coli O157:H7 specifically detected the bacterial RNA representing 1 × 10 2 to 1 × 10 3 cfu viable bactersial cells. The total detection time from sampling to measurement was approximately 4 h. This study provides a rapid and specific detection method for viable STEC in food. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Rapid detection of viable STEC including Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in food has been difficult, especially when present in low numbers. This study has shown that 7 × 10 2 to 7 × 10 3 cfu E. coli O157:H7 in 50 mL of inoculated food samples, i.e., 14–140 cfu/mL bacterial cells, could be readily concentrated and the bacterial RNA could be detected by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a relatively short time. Use of seven primer sets makes this method very specific for real‐time PCR detection of E. coli O157:H7.
[Direct surgical management of giant and large intracerebral aneurysms, associated with intraluminal thrombus and/or atherosclerotic thickening of aneurysmal neck]. (1997)

Direct surgical management of giant or large cerebral aneurysms remains one of the most challenging topics in the neurosurgical field. Surgical results have remained unsatisfactory. We review 22 cases of large or giant aneurysms with intraluminal thrombus and/or atherosclerotic thickening of the aneurysmal neck that have received direct surgical management in our department during the period from 1984 to 1996. As initial symptoms, ten patients presented with mass effect, five with ischemic attack, and three with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sixteen aneurysms were supratentorial and six were in the posterior fossa. Direct neck clipping was attempted in sixteen cases. Two giant basilar aneurysms among them were clipped under deep hypothermia with cardiac arrest. Simple trapping of the parent artery was performed in three aneurysms and trapping with bypass graft was also carried out in three aneurysms. Ten patients made an excellent clinical recovery. Eleven patients suffered mild to severe disability. One death resulted from brain stem infarction, not directly related with surgical management. Appropriate preoperative assessment and intraoperative management of the associated thrombus and atherosclerotic change of the aneurysmal neck are essential for obtaining acceptable surgical results of large or giant cerebral aneurysms.
Image characteristic oriented tone mapping for high dynamic range images (2008)

This paper presents a novel and efficient tone mapping algorithm for converting high dynamic range (HDR) images back to low dynamic range (LDR) images for displaying purpose because of the limited contrast ratio of common displays and printers. As the ratio between the maximum and minimum values of common HDR images is always very large and also the population usually deflects to one side, for convenient processing, most researchers first take the logarithm on the luminance layer or use another adaptive mapping to shorter the range of the distribution in their tone mapping methods. However, these mappings have already distorted the original imagespsila characteristics. In this paper, there is no such adverse mapping applied on the luminance layer in the proposed tone mapping algorithm. The paper does produce a tone reproduction curve to convert HDR images to LDR images. Adaptive techniques are also manipulated to provide better visual quality. The whole process is automatic and no parameter is required for manual input. The result will be a superior visual quality tone mapped LDR image with original HDR imagepsilas characteristics.
Proliferation of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Contributes to Regeneration after Folic Acid-Induced Acute Tubular Injury (2005)

Studies of tissue from recipients of bone marrow transplantation or organ allograft suggest that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) may differentiate into a variety of nonhematologic tissues, including renal tubular epithelium. The aims of this study were to examine whether BMDC contribute to recovery after acute renal injury and to assess the effects of cytokine mobilization on regeneration. Female mice (6 wk old) were lethally irradiated and transplanted with male bone marrow (BM) cells and later assigned into control, folic acid-treatment, and folic acid-treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and control with G-CSF. Tritiated thymidine was given 1 h before death. Kidney sections were stained for a tubular epithelial marker, Y chromosome (in situ hybridization), periodic acid-Schiff staining, and subjected to autoradiography. Renal tubular epithelial cells in S-phase were scored as female (indigenous) or male (BM-derived). This is the first report to show that BMDC can respond by engrafting the renal tubules and undergo DNA synthesis after acute renal injury. BMDC contributed to the renal tubular epithelial cell population, although most (90%) renal tubular regeneration came from female indigenous cells. Some evidence was found for cell fusion between indigenous renal tubular cells and BMDC, but this was infrequent and the significance and consequences of cell fusion in the kidney are unresolved. G-CSF treatment nearly doubled the frequency of thymidine-labeled BM-derived tubular cells and might facilitate the recovery of renal tubular epithelium.
Rapid purification of biologically active individual histone messenger RNAs by hybridization to cloned DNA linked to cellulose (1979)

We describe a rapid and simple method for the purification of biologically active messenger RNAs. The method allows the isolation in a few hours of specific mRNAs from either whole cell or polysomal RNA even if the RNA represents less than 1% of the starting molecules. We used, as a model, cloned sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) histone gene fragments linked to cellulose by the method of B. E. Noyes & G. R. Stark (1975) Cell 5, 301--310) as hybridization probes to isolate specific histone mRNAs from whole cell and polysomal RNA extracts. RNAs isolated in this manner maintain their biological activity, serving as templates for histone proteins in a wheat-germ, cell-free protein translation system. In addition, radiolabeled histone-specific RNA purified from cleavage stage sea urchin embryos, pulse labeled for short periods of time and analyzed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, was the same size as mature histone mRNA's.
Defocus Phase Contrast in Photon-Induced Near-field Electron Microscopy (2022)

We demonstrate optical phase contrast in near-field imaging of metallic nanostructures using a new combination of inelastic electron-light scattering with Fresnel-mode Lorentz microscopy.
Eruption of an Active-Region Filament Driven by an Emerging Bipole (2007)

A section of an S-shaped filament underwent an eruption in a sigmoidal active region (AR 8027) with S-shaped coronal structure, which was clearly driven by a bipole emerging below the NW end of the filament. The bipole with two separating poles showed typical characteristics of emerging flux region (EFR) and its axis rotated counterclockwise. Two cancelling magnetic features (CMFs) were formed between the two poles and adjacent flux with opposite polarity and substantial flux cancellation occurred in them. Along with the bipole emergence the filament was strongly disturbed. Just before the filament eruption, two X-ray loops overlying the filament brightened, an axial X-ray structure and then a cusp structure appeared. During the eruption first the whole filament rose and then its SE end broke away from the chromosphere, while its NW end remained stationary. Helical structure and motion were observed in the filament body and downward mass motion in the two ends. After the eruption, a major part of the filament remained and slowly returned to quiescence, and an X-ray arcade and an axial structure formed. These observations suggest that the eruption resulted from the interaction between the bipole and the overlying loops. We provide evidence that steady photospheric reconnection between their footprints took place in the two CMFs during the bipole emergence.
Permutation modulation (1965)

A class of codes and decoders is described for transmitting digital information by means of bandlimited signals in the presence of additive white Gaussiau noise. The system, called permutation modulation, has many desirable features. Each code word requires the same energy for transmission. The receiver, which is maximum likelihood, is algebraic in nature, relatively easy to instrument, and does not require local generation of the possible sent messages. The probability of incorrect decoding is the same for each sent message. Certain of the permutation modulation codes are more efficient (in a sense described precisely) than any other known digital modulation scheme. PCM, ppm, orthogonal and biorthogonal codes are included as special cases of permutation modulation.
OFSETH: A breathing motions monitoring system for patients under MRI (2010)

The potential benefit of optical fiber sensors embedded into medical textiles for the continuous monitoring of patients for MRI is presented. We report a monitoring system based on the use of two novel non-intrusive optical sensing technologies designed to measure the elongation due to abdominal and thoracic motions during breathing. The developed system can successfully sense textile elongation between 0.1% and 5%, while maintaining the stretching properties of the textile substrates for a good comfort of the patient. The solution prototyped shows a high stability and good reproducibility. The sensors are coupled to a compact, real time and accurate monitoring system.
Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and pioglitazone combination therapy versus pioglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes (2018)

DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone combination therapy provided better glycemic control, both according to HbA1c and FPG levels, than pioglitazone monotherapy. Safety analysis showed well tolerance of combination therapy, even in hypoglycemic and edema AEs. However, additional large-scale, high quality, long-term follow-up clinical trials are necessary to confirm its long-term effectiveness.
Cement-Treated Bases Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Quarry By-Products, and Fibers (2016)

A laboratory study was conducted to demonstrate that sustainable cement-treated base courses can be achieved through the application of waste quarry by-products (QB) and fractionated reclaimed asphalt pavement (FRAP). Aggregate packing tests were performed on blends of QB and FRAP to determine an optimal blend that would minimize the void content of the aggregate structure while achieving acceptable strengths. The optimal aggregate packing proportions were found to be 70% QB with 30% FRAP. Modified Proctor samples were prepared to determine the moisture–density relationship with several cement contents (2% to 4% by total volume) on dolomite or FRAP coarse aggregate mixed with QB and 0.4% synthetic macrofibers. Mixture design performances were evaluated through strength (compression and split tension) and modulus tests. As expected, higher cement content increased both the strength and elastic modulus for all mixes tested. Mixtures containing virgin aggregates with QB yielded statistically greater elastic moduli than mixtures with FRAP and QB. Fibers did not have a statistical effect on strength or elastic modulus but did provide residual shear capacity across cracks. The QB and FRAP or virgin mixtures with 3% to 4% cement content exceeded the strengths for typical cement-stabilized base materials in the literature. The measured strength and elastic modulus properties show that QB, together with FRAP or virgin aggregates, can be successfully applied as a cement-treated foundation layer.
Physicochemical and functional characteristics of proteins treated by a pH‐shift process: a review (2020)

Summary Advanced structures of food proteins are maintained by many forces such as hydrophobic activities, electrostatic interaction, and disulphide bond interaction, which can affect their functional characteristics to a certain extent. Therefore, many approaches have been utilised to improve functional characteristics of food proteins. pH‐shift process refers to the method that food proteins are treated under extreme alkaline or acid conditions followed by adjusting pH to isoelectric point or neutral pH. Many studies have showed that pH‐shift process can significantly affect the functional characteristics of food proteins, for example emulsifying activities, forming property, solubility and water/oil adsorption ability. pH‐shift process has been utilised to recover protein isolates from many sources including fish, fish by‐products, meat processing products. Many researches have indicated that the functional and physicochemical characteristics of recovered protein isolates are significantly influenced by pH‐shift process. In this paper, the latest studies regarding the functional and physicochemical characteristics of proteins treated or recovered through pH‐shift process, and potential applications of obtained protein isolates in the production of the hydrolysates or used as a delivery system were reviewed.
COVID‐19 and the clinical hematology laboratory (2020)

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. The etiologic agent is a novel coronavirus of presumed zoonotic origin with structural similarity to the viruses responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Like SARS and MERS, COVID-19 infection manifests most frequently with lower respiratory symptoms. A minority of patients progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome/ diffuse alveolar damage. In addition to its central role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, the clinical laboratory provides critical information to clinicians regarding prognosis, disease course, and response to therapy. The purpose of this review is to (a) provide background context about the origins and course of the pandemic, (b) discuss the laboratory's role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, (c) summarize the current state of biomarker analysis in COVID-19 infection, with an emphasis on markers derived from the hematology laboratory, (d) comment on the impact of COVID-19 on hematology laboratory safety, and (e) describe the impact the pandemic has had on organized national and international educational activities worldwide.
Syntheses and characterization of novel tri- and hexa-nuclear zinc complexes with biomimetic chelate ligands (1996)

Reaction of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O with pentadentate 1,3-bis(salicylidenamino)propan-2-ol (H2hsalpn) and the tridentate 4-methyl-2,6-bis(morpholinomethyl)phenol (Hbmmp) yielded the trinuclear zinc complex [Zn3(O2CPh)2(hsalpn)2]·2MeOH 1 and the hexanuclear zinc compound [Zn6(OH)6(bmmp)3][ClO4]32. The complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Both structures were solved using direct methods and refined on F by full-matrix least squares. Complex 1 consists of one central zinc ion which is octahedrally co-ordinated and two terminal metals surrounded by five donor atoms in the form of a square pyramid. The left and right wing zinc ions are connected to the central metal atom via two phenolate oxygens of the dinucleating ligand and the oxygens of the benzoate ion. The six equivalent tetrahedrally co-ordinated zinc ions in 2 are arranged in form of a regular trigonal prism. Three dinuclear subunits are connected to each other by hydroxide groups. Both compounds display a new type of structure for homotri- and homohexanuclear zinc complexes.
Field Measurement and Analysis of Long-Reach and High-Splitting-Ratio 10G-EPON With Optical Amplifier in Central Office (2016)

It is important to economize the infrastructure of the access network and enhance its profitability because it represents the greatest part of network infrastructure cost. As 10G-EPON can be cost-effectively shared among various access services, it is one of the strong candidates to reduce the infrastructure cost of the nextgeneration access network. To further enhance cost effectiveness, it is useful to improve the acceptable link budget of access systems by using optical amplifiers (OAs), which can increase the splitting ratios and extend the reachable distance of the system. In this paper, we demonstrate an N:1 redundant 10G-EPON system with dualrate central-office-set-type semiconductor optical amplifier (COSOA). Our 10G-EPON system reduces OPEX and CAPEX due to its extended reachable distance and elimination of intermediate offices while keeping its system reliability with the N:1 protection system. Moreover, we also develop a method for estimating the total reachable distance of 10G-EPON systems with OAs in order to quantitatively evaluate the effect of extending reachable distance on various combinations of splitting ratio based on the results of actual demonstrations. Analyses of field measurement results clarify that the proposed system has sufficient design flexibility so as to satisfy the subscriber distribution requirements as regards the factors of splitting ratio and reachable distance. The results indicate that the N:1 optical subscriber unit protection with COSOAs is a promising approach to practical 10G-EPON systems that are cost effective and reliable.
Active Structural Acoustic Control as an Approach to Acoustic Optimization of Lightweight Structures (2001)

Conventional approaches to optimizing the acoustic behavior of lightweight structures have mainly been restricted to the concept of Active Noise Control(ANC). This concept is aimed to attenuating primary noise sources with secondary controlled noise sources by taking advantage of destructive interference. However it is also possible to actively control the vibrating structure using piezoceramic actuators to alter very intensively sound-radiating operating deflection shapes. This approach is referred to as Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC). The applicability of this concept to real systems is demonstrated by means of a simple model with experimental measurement systems employed in the lower frequency range. This study focuses on the utilization of a modern measurement technology i.e. the Spatial Transformation of Sound Fields(STSF) which facilitates the determination of important parameters of the vibro-acoustic system at a time. The radiation efficiency is of major importance to the evaluation of the acoustic system behavior. As the lower frequency range is considered the dynamic system behavior is determined by means of the Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA). The results of this study show the radiation efficiency of the unregulated and of the actively controlled system.
BlockSIEM: Protecting Smart City Services through a Blockchain-based and Distributed SIEM (2020)

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has revolutionized several industries (e.g., manufacturing, health, transport, education, among others) by allowing objects to connect to the Internet and, thus, enabling a variety of novel applications. In this sense, IoT devices have become an essential component of smart cities, allowing many novel and useful services, but, at the same time, bringing numerous cybersecurity threats. The paper at hand proposes BlockSIEM, a blockchain-based and distributed Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) solution framework for the protection of the aforementioned smart city services. The proposed SIEM relies on blockchain technology to securely store and access security events. Such security events are generated by IoT sentinels that are in charge of shielding groups of IoT devices. The IoT sentinels may be deployed in smart city scenarios, such as smart hospitals, smart transport systems, smart airports, among others, ensuring a satisfactory level of protection. The blockchain guarantees the non-repudiation and traceability of the registry of security events due to its features. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, our proposal is implemented using Ethereum and validated through different use cases and experiments.
Giant compression of high energy optical pulses using a commercially available Kagome fiber (2017)

International audience
Synthesis of New Aza‐ and Thia‐Crown Ether Based Amino Acids (2020)

Abstract Crown ethers have been known since the middle of the 20 th century as metal chelating agents with numerous applications. For example, amino acids functionalized with crown ethers have been used to create artificial ion channels. However, only a few of those crown amino acids are known, all of which contain exclusively oxygen as heteroatoms in the crown ether moiety. Alternative structures may be desirable to explore new biological or pharmaceutical applications. Hence, we aim to expand the scope of available crown ether amino acids ‐ in particular those with heteroatoms other than oxygen. Herein we describe the synthesis of three previously unknown amino acids bearing a crown ether moiety. We use two distinct synthetic routes to avoid the use of hazardous reagents. Two of these three amino acids bear sulfur atoms in the crown ether, while the third contains a nitrogen atom.