gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial and foaming properties of five commercial dairy products and two types of proteose-peptone fractions (2016)

Functional properties of surfactants contained in dairy products, like emulsifying, foaming and wetting properties, result from their capacity to reduce the surface tension by adsorption and formation of cohesive films at the interface. A wide variety of techniques have been developed to determine surface tension, but those that give dynamic measurements, rather than equilibrium measurements of surface tension, are more suitable to study functional properties. Furthermore, the surface activity of surfactants depends on the mechanical properties of the films that are formed at the interface, which are strongly influenced by the intramolecular interactions established. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of adsorption, mechanical properties of monolayer films and foaming properties of five different commercial dairy products (whey protein concentrate (WPC), buttermilk, butter serum and two skimmed milks) and two proteose-peptone fractions.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of 2,3‐Dihydrofuran to N2‐Acetyl‐8‐bromoguanine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Effect of propranolol gel on infantile hemangiomas]. (2013)

Topical use of propranolol hydrochloride 3% gel is an effective option for superficial hemangiomas.
One-Pot Synthesis of Imines and Secondary Amines by Pd-Catalyzed Coupling of Benzyl Alcohols and Primary Amines (2009)

Imines and secondary amines were synthesized selectively by controlling reaction conditions for the Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions of benzyl alcohols with primary amines. The reactions did not require any additives and were effective for a wide range of alcohols and amines.
Network-analyzer self-calibration with four or five standards for the 15-term error-model (2002)

Novel self-calibration equations for the 15-term error-model are presented that form an analogon to the well known similarity-transforms of the 7-term error-model. These equations permit construction of a multitude of self-calibration procedures, one of which, the Tmrg-procedure, is introduced.
Damage Identification Using Impedance Methods Coupled With Statistical Classifiers (2003)

This paper presents the use of statistically rigorous algorithms combined with active-sensing impedance methods for damage identification in engineering systems. In particular, we propose to use statistical pattern recognition methods to address damage classification and data mining issues associated with the examination of large numbers of impedance signals for health monitoring applications. The impedance-based structural health monitoring technique, which utilizes electromechanical coupling properties of piezoelectric materials, has shown feasibility for use in a variety of damage identification applications. Relying on high frequency local excitations (typically &amp;gt; 30 kHz), this technique is very sensitive to minor changes in structural integrity in the near field of piezoelectric sensors. In this study, in order to diagnosis damage with levels of statistical confidence, the impedance-based monitoring is cast in the context of an outlier detection framework. A modified autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX) in the frequency domain is developed. The damage sensitive feature is then computed by differentiating the measured impedance and the output of the ARX model. Furthermore, because of the non-Gaussian nature of the feature distribution tails, extreme value statistics (EVS) are employed to develop a robust damage classifier. By incorporating EVS, we establish a rigorous impedance-based health monitoring algorithm, which is able to provide structural systems with self-contained and self-diagnostic components. This paper concludes with a numerical example on a 5 degree-of-freedom system and an experimental investigation on a multi-story building model to demonstrate the performance of the proposed concept.
ORGANIC PRECIPITATE FLOTATION OF TRACE METALLIC ELEMENTS WITH AMMONIUM PYRROLIDINEDITHIOCARBAMATE. (II). APPLICATION OF SOLVENT SUBLATION FOR DETERMIN ATION OF TRACE CD, CO, CU AND NI IN WATER SAMPLES (1998)

A solvent sublation was studied for the determination of trace Cd, Co, Cu and Ni in water samples. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was used as a complexing agent. Experimental conditions such as pH of solution, amounts of APDC, the type and amount of surfactant, the type of solvent, etc. were optimized for the effective sublation of analytes. After metal-PDC complexes were formed in sample solutions of pH 2.5, the precipitate-type complexes were floated in a flotation cell with an aid of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant and by bubbling with nitrogen gas. The precipitates were dissolved and separated into the surface layer of methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK). The analytes preconcentrated were determined by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS). Extractability of each element was 88% for Cd(Ⅱ), 86% for Co(Ⅱ), 95% for Cu(Ⅱ) and 76% for Ni(Ⅱ), respectively. And this procedure was applied to the analysis of real samples. From the recoveries of more than 92%, it was concluded that this method could be simple and applicable for the determination of trace elements in various water samples of a large volume.
A Data-Driven Framework for Identifying Nonlinear Dynamic Models of Genetic Parts (2012)

A key challenge in synthetic biology is the development of effective methodologies for characterization of component genetic parts in a form suitable for dynamic analysis and design. In this investigation we propose the use of a nonlinear dynamic modeling framework that is popular in the field of control engineering but is novel to the field of synthetic biology: Nonlinear AutoRegressive Moving Average model with eXogenous inputs (NARMAX). The framework is applied to the identification of a genetic part BBa_T9002 as a case study. A concise model is developed that exhibits accurate representation of the system dynamics and a structure that is compact and consistent across cell populations. A comparison is made with a biochemical model, derived from a simple enzymatic reaction scheme. The NARMAX model is shown to be comparably simple but exhibits much greater prediction accuracy on the experimental data. These results indicate that the data-driven NARMAX framework is an attractive technique for dynamic modeling of genetic parts.
Molecular targets of elevated [CO2] in leaves and stems of Populus deltoides: implications for future tree growth and carbon sequestration (2006)

We report the first comprehensive analysis of the effects of elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] on gene expression in source leaf and stem sink tissues in woody plants. We have taken advantage of coppiced Populus deltoides (Bartr.) stands grown for 3 years under three different and constant elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] in the agriforest mesocosms of Biosphere 2. Leaf area per tree was doubled by elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] but although growth at 800 v. 400 µmol mol<sup>-1</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> resulted in a significant increase in stem biomass, growth was not stimulated at 1200 µmol mol<sup>-1</sup> CO<sub>2</sub>. Growth under elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] also resulted in significant increases in stem wood density. Analysis of expression data for the 13 490 clones present on POP1 microarrays revealed 95 and 277 [CO<sub>2</sub>]-responsive clones in leaves and stems respectively, with the response being stronger at 1200 µmol mol<sup>-1</sup>. When these [CO<sub>2</sub>]-responsive genes were assigned to functional categories, metabolism-related genes were the most responsive to elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>]. However within this category, expression of genes relating to bioenergetic processes was unchanged in leaves whereas the expression of genes for storage proteins and of those involved in control of wall expansion was enhanced. In contrast to leaves, the genes up-regulated in stems under elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] were primarily enzymes responsible for lignin formation and polymerisation or ethylene response factors, also known to induce lignin biosynthesis. Concomitant with this enhancement of lignin biosynthesis in stems, there was a pronounced repression of genes related to cell wall formation and cell growth. These changes in gene expression have clear consequences for long-term carbon sequestration, reducing the carbon-fertilisation effect, and the potential for increased lignification may negatively impact on future wood quality for timber and paper production.
Synthesis of Modified Tripeptides and Tetrapeptides as potential bisubstrate inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (1997)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of bisubstrate inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein kinase (EGF‐R PTK) consisting of small pep tides linked covalently to adenosine via appropriate triphosphate substitutes is described. Boc‐Glu(O t Bu)‐Tyr‐Leu‐OBzl ( 5 ) and Ac‐Glu(O t Bu)‐Tyr‐Leu‐Arg(Pmc)‐NH 2 ( 8 ; Pmc = 2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethylchroman‐6‐sulfonyl) were prepared by standard peptide chemistry, ( Scheme 1 ), then modified at the OH group of tyrosine either with adipic anhydride or with 4‐(chlorosulfonyl)benzoic acid, 4‐(chlorosulfonyl)‐2‐hydroxybenzoic acid, or benzene‐1,4‐disulfonyldichloride ( Scheme 2 ), and finally coupled with the 5′‐OH group of 2′,3′‐ O ‐isopropylideneadenosine ( Scheme 3 ). In addition, N 6 ‐[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]‐2′,3′‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐adenosine 5′‐(hydrogenhexanedioate) ( 26 ), an ATP substitute, was coupled with the morpholide of 5 ( Scheme 4 ). Removal of the protecting groups gave the bisubstrate analogs 23, 24 , and 28. The compounds synthesized were tested as inhibitors of the EGF‐R PTK. The most active bisubstrate‐type inhibitor was 24 , composed of the tripeptide sequence H‐Glu‐Tyr‐Leu‐OBzl, the 2‐hydroxy‐4‐sulfonylbenzoyl moiety, and adenosine; it showed an IC 50 value of 33 μM.
Calcium antagonists High-affinity binding and inhibition of calcium transport in a clonal cell line. (1982)

PC12 cells, a clonal rat pheochromocytoma cell line, possess voltage-dependent calcium channels that bind the high affinity dihydropyridine calcium antagonist [3H]nitrendipine and other calcium channel blockers. The binding is temperature-dependent and saturable, and shows no cooperativity. The calcium antagonists inhibit potassium-induced 45Ca uptake into the cells with approximately the same potencies as those needed to inhibit [3H]nitrendipine binding to cell membranes. The affinity of these compounds for the PC12 cell calcium channel is slightly lower than that reported for binding to brain and heart. Potassium-stimulated 45Ca uptake into PC12 cells is rapid, being half-maximal within 30 s at 20 degrees C. Different classes of calcium antagonists seem to block calcium flux at different sites on the calcium channel. A lower limit of the rate of calcium movement through a single channel is given. PC12 cells seem to be a suitable model system for the study of the pharmacology and biochemistry of the voltage-dependent calcium channel.
The Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides of l-Mycarose and l-Cladinose (1972)

Abstract Purine nucleosides of l-mycarose and l-cladinose, neutral branched-chain sugars of macrolide antibiotics, synthesized by a fusion method with the aid of dichloroacetic acid. The structure of these synthesized nucleosides was determined on the basis of the results of elemental analyses and the ultraviolet absorption and proton magnetic resonance spectra, as well as on the basis of the optical rotatory dispersion.
The Impact of Electrode Density and Precision on Brain-Computer Interfaces (2020)

In this paper, we review several advances in different fields that provide new potential for brain-computer interfaces enabled by directly interfacing biological neural networks with electrodes, including recent successes with liquid injected conductive channels and mesh electronics supported by 3D scaffolds. Based on this review, it is clear that the success of biological neural connectivity is dependent on the precision and density of the inserted electrodes. In order to better understand the dynamics of this relationship, we propose a simple impedance-based electrode connectivity model, based on which we perform a simulation of the impact of both electrode density and electrode precision on the amount of information lost as part of the connection. Although the examples illustrated are more informative rather than conclusive, the fundamental takeaway from this work is that electrode density is a substantially important parameter while electrode precision is necessarily helpful.
Navigation Using High-Frequency Ground Beacons and Ionosphere Model Corrections (2019)

Supplemental file(s) description: Handwritten notes on the two point boundary value problem
Projecting LMF Lexica Towards OWL-DL through LMF-JAPE Patterns to Obtain Interoperable Formats (2015)

The development of editors, analyzers, translators and other NLP system types can involve several representation languages. The heterogeneity of representation languages induces the interoperability issue at different levels and in different contexts. In language technology, interoperability proved very crucial nowadays since its lack costs the translation industry a fortune where it is paid primarily for adjusting data formats. With this regard, we consider that representing LMF (Lexical Markup Framework: ISO-24613) lexica in OWL-DL (Web Ontology Language Description Logic) can be a serious attempt to achieve these goals. In this paper, we study the requirements of this proposal. We formulate an OWL ontology variant by explaining LMF mapping process to OWL version. The evaluation of the OWL variant construction of the LMF process is measured using the instantiation of the OWL-DL ontology.
Phenomenological theory of permeability in films having no in-plane magnetic anisotropy: Application to spin-sprayed ferrite films (2006)

In terms of the first-order magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy constant K1, we determined magnetic anisotropy in single-crystalline cubic films having their normal lines parallel to (hkl) axes. We found that the films have biaxial magnetic anisotropy, with which we derived permeability μ(ω)=μ′(ω)−jμ″(ω) (ω: angular frequency) and natural resonance angular frequency ω0, due to magnetization rotation in single-crystalline and polycrystalline films. For films that have preferential orientation of major crystal axes (such as [100] and [110]) perpendicular to the film plane but have random orientation in the film plane (i.e., exhibiting no in-plane anisotropy), the low-frequency permeability μ(ω⪡ω0) and ω0 follow the product rule μ(ω⪡ω0)ω02=γ2Ms2∕2μ02 (Ms: spontaneous magnetization, γ: gyromagnetic ratio, and μ0: permeability of free space). This is similar to that which applies for films having an in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy field. Our phenomenological theory gave a plausible explanation for the permeability of spin-sprayed ferrite films that have no in-plane magnetic anisotropy and yet have high μ′(ω) of a few tens up to the gigahertz region.
Nanostructured catalysts in fuel cells (2010)

One of the most important challenges for the ultimate commercialization of fuel cells is the preparation of active, robust, and low-cost catalysts. This review highlights some findings of our investigations in the last few years in developing advanced approaches to nanostructured catalysts that address this challenge. Emphasis is placed on nanoengineering-based fabrication, processing, and characterization of multimetallic nanoparticles with controllable size (1-10 nm), shape, composition (e.g. Ml(n)M2(100-n), M1(n)M2(m)M3(100-n-m), M1@M2, where M (1 or 2) = Pt, Co, Ni, V, Fe, Cu, Pd, W, Ag, Au etc) and morphology (e.g. alloy, core@shell etc). In addition to an overview of the fundamental issues and the recent progress in fuel cell catalysts, results from evaluations of the electrocatalytic performance of nanoengineered catalysts in fuel cell reactions are discussed. This approach differs from other traditional approaches to the preparation of supported catalysts in the ability to control the particle size, composition, phase, and surface properties. An understanding of how the nanoscale properties of the multimetallic nanoparticles differ from their bulk-scale counterparts, and how the interaction between the nanoparticles and the support materials relates to the size sintering or evolution in the thermal activation process, is also discussed. The fact that the bimetallic gold-platinum nanoparticle system displays a single-phase character different from the miscibility gap known for its bulk-scale counterpart serves as an important indication of the nanoscale manipulation of the structural properties, which is useful for refining the design and preparation of the bimetallic catalysts. The insight gained from probing how nanoparticle-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-substrate interactions relate to the size evolution in the activation process of nanoparticles on planar substrates serves as an important guiding principle in the control of nanoparticle sintering on different support materials. The fact that some of the trimetallic nanoparticle catalysts (e.g. PtVFe or PtNiFe) exhibit electrocatalytic activities in fuel cell reactions which are four-five times higher than in pure Pt catalysts constitutes the basis for further exploration of a variety of multimetallic combinations. The fundamental insights into the control of nanoscale alloy, composition, and core-shell structures have important implications in identifying nanostructured fuel cell catalysts with an optimized balance of catalytic activity and stability.
A Rapidly Maturing Far-Red Derivative of DsRed-Express2 for Whole-Cell Labeling (2009)

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) with far-red excitation and emission are desirable for multicolor labeling and live-animal imaging. We describe E2-Crimson, a far-red derivative of the tetrameric FP DsRed-Express2. Unlike other far-red FPs, E2-Crimson is noncytotoxic in bacterial and mammalian cells. E2-Crimson is brighter than other far-red FPs and matures substantially faster than other red and far-red FPs. Approximately 40% of the E2-Crimson fluorescence signal is remarkably photostable. With an excitation maximum at 611 nm, E2-Crimson is the first FP that is efficiently excited with standard far-red lasers. We show that E2-Crimson has unique applications for flow cytometry and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.
Addition of drug/s to a chemotherapy regimen for metastatic breast cancer (2010)

The addition of one or more drugs to the regimen shows a statistically significant advantage for tumour response in women with metastatic breast cancer but the results suggest no difference in survival time or time to progression. The positive effect on tumour response was also associated with increased toxicity.
Disrupting a key hydrophobic pair in the oligomerization interface of the actinoporins impairs their pore‐forming activity (2016)

Crystallographic data of the dimeric and octameric forms of fragaceatoxin C (FraC) suggested the key role of a small hydrophobic protein-protein interaction surface for actinoporins oligomerization and pore formation in membranes. However, site-directed mutagenesis studies supporting this hypothesis for others actinoporins are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that disrupting the key hydrophobic interaction between V60 and F163 (FraC numbering scheme) in the oligomerization interface of FraC, equinatoxin II (EqtII), and sticholysin II (StII) impairs the pore formation activity of these proteins. Our results allow for the extension of the importance of FraC protein-protein interactions in the stabilization of the oligomeric intermediates of StII and EqtII pointing out that all of these proteins follow a similar pathway of membrane disruption. These findings support the hybrid pore proposal as the universal model of actinoporins pore formation. Moreover, we reinforce the relevance of dimer formation, which appears to be a functional intermediate in the assembly pathway of some different pore-forming proteins.
Diagnostic and surgical approach of innominate artery saddle embolus (1999)

Patients with an acute arterial occlusion of the right upper extremity and absent axillary pulse should have a Doppler scan examination before a balloon catheter embolectomy is performed. If there is no arterial pulse detectable, an angiography should be performed afterwards to localize the embolus. In the case of a proximal arterial occlusion of the right arm, the authors recommend this procedure to prevent an embolus dislocation by catheter embolectomy and subsequent cerebral embolization. For direct surgical embolectomy the authors recommend a supraclavicular incision.
Reducing the risks of nuclear war — the role of health professionals (2023)

In January, 2023, the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the hands of the Doomsday Clock forward to 90 seconds before midnight, reflecting the growing risk of nuclear war [1]. In August, 2022, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that the world is now in "a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War" [2]. The danger has been underlined by growing tensions between many nuclear armed states [1,3]. As editors of health and medical journals worldwide, we call on health professionals to alert the public and our leaders to this major danger to public health and the essential life support systems of the planet - and urge action to prevent it.
Thoracic Aortas from Multiorgan Donors Are Suitable for Obtaining Resident Angiogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2007)

The clinical use of endothelial progenitor cells is hampered by difficulties in obtaining an adequate number of functional progenitors. This study aimed to establish whether human thoracic aortas harvested from healthy multiorgan donors can be a valuable source of angiogenic progenitors. Immunohistochemical tissue studies showed that two distinct cell populations with putative stem cell capabilities, one composed of CD34+ cells and the other of c-kit+ cells, are present in between the media and adventitia of human thoracic aortas. Ki-67+ cells with high growth potential were located in an area corresponding to the site of CD34+ and c-kit+ cell residence. We thus isolated cells (0.5 approximately 2.0 x 10(4) aortic progenitors per 25 cm2) which, upon culturing, coexpressed molecules of mesenchymal stromal cells (i.e., CD44+, CD90+, CD105+) and showed a transcript expression of stem cell markers (e.g., OCT4, c-kit, BCRP-1, Interleukin-6) and BMI-1. Cell expansion was adequate for use in a clinical setting. A subset of cultured cells acquired the phenotype of endothelial cells in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (e.g., increased expression of KDR and von Willebrand factor positivity), as documented by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. An in vitro angiogenesis test kit revealed that cells were able to form capillary-like structures within 6 hours of seeding. This study demonstrates that thoracic aortas from multiorgan donors yield mesenchymal stromal cells with the ability to differentiate in vitro into endothelial cells. These cells can be used for the creation of an allogenic bank of angiogenic progenitors, thus providing new options for restoring vascularization at ischemic sites. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.