gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Programming of the Domain of Existence of Liquid Crystals (2015)

This work illustrates how enthalpy and entropy changes responsible for successive phase transitions of cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystals can be combined to give cohesive free energy densities. These new parameters are able to rationalize and quantify the demixing of the melting and clearing processes that occur in thermotropic liquid crystals. Minor structural variations at the molecular level can be understood as pressure increments that alter either the melting or clearing temperatures in a predictable way. This assessment of microsegregation operating in amphiphilic molecules paves the way for the chemical programming of the domain of existence of liquid-crystalline phases.
History of LASIK (2002)

Modern lamellar refractive surgery has its roots in the pioneer work of Professor José Ignacio Barraquer of Colombia. In 1949, Barraquer suggested that by adding or removing corneal tissue, it was possible to manipulate surgically the curvature of the air/tear film interface, where the two thirds of the refractive power of the eye is located (1). From the very beginning, he realized the importance of preserving each layer of the cornea, and so corneal lamellar techniques started to develop.
Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia associated with gemcitabine chemotherapy: experience at an Australian center and recommendations for targeted prophylaxis (2014)

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is seen increasingly in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected immunocompromised populations, but few cases have previously been reported in association with gemcitabine therapy. We identified all patients administered gemcitabine between March 2009 and December 2012 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. Cases of PJP were identified using accepted definitions. Overall, 288 gemcitabine-treated patients were identified. Nine cases of PJP were detected, corresponding to an overall rate of 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-5.7%). PJP was diagnosed during gemcitabine therapy in seven patients, a median of 67 (range 31-109) days from commencement. Among patients with lymphoma, 4/22 developed PJP, corresponding to a rate of 18.2% (95% CI 6.1-38.2%). Fewer infections were associated with breast, lung and gastrointestinal malignancies (1/24 [4.2%], 3/118 [2.5%] and 1/61 [1.6%], respectively). A risk-based tool incorporating concomitant steroid therapy can be applied to target high-risk populations who would benefit from PJP prophylaxis during gemcitabine therapy.
Covariate adjustment in continuous biomarker assessment (2021)

Continuous biomarkers are common for disease screening and diagnosis. To reach a dichotomous clinical decision, a threshold would be imposed to distinguish subjects with disease from nondiseased individuals. Among various performance metrics, specificity at a controlled sensitivity level (or vice versa) is often desirable because it directly targets the clinical utility of the intended clinical test. Meanwhile, covariates, such as age, race, as well as sample collection conditions, could impact the biomarker distribution and may also confound the association between biomarker and disease status. Therefore, covariate adjustment is important in such biomarker evaluation. Most existing covariate adjustment methods do not specifically target the desired sensitivity/specificity level, but rather do so for the entire biomarker distribution. As such, they might be more prone to model misspecification. In this paper, we suggest a parsimonious quantile regression model for the diseased population, only locally at the controlled sensitivity level, and assess specificity with covariate-specific control of the sensitivity. Variance estimates are obtained from a sample-based approach and bootstrap. Furthermore, our proposed local model extends readily to a global one for covariate adjustment for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve over the sensitivity continuum. We demonstrate computational efficiency of this proposed method and restore the inherent monotonicity in the estimated covariate-adjusted ROC curve. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. Simulation studies show favorable performance of the proposal. Finally, we illustrate our method in biomarker evaluation for aggressive prostate cancer.
<title>Fiber Optic Field Splice</title> (1982)

The most common method of splicing low loss optical fibers is fusion splicing. To those who actually do the splicing, this technique is difficult at best. The GTE elastomeric splice is intended as an alternate solution to eliminate the difficulties encountered in field splicing. Aside from cable preparation, a splice can be completed in less than three minutes. Initial production runs show losses of 0.12 dB max and an average of 0.09 dB.
Assessment of Measuring Circulating Levels of Interleukin‐6, Interleukin‐8, C‐Reactive Protein, Soluble Fcy Receptor Type III, and Mannose‐Binding Protein in Febrile Children with Cancer and Neutropenia (1999)

Circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble Fc gamma receptor type III (sFc gammaRIII), mannose-binding protein (MBP), and C-reactive protein (CrP) were assessed among febrile children with cancer and neutropenia. Levels of IL-6, IL-8, sFc gammaRIII, MBP, and CrP were measured in serum from 56 pediatric cancer patients at the time of admission for 121 episodes of febrile neutropenia (88 febrile episodes without identifiable source, 5 clinically documented infections, 20 episodes of bacteremia due to gram-positive and 5 due to gram-negative organisms, and 3 fungal infections). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in patients with either bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms or fungal infections than in patients with febrile episodes without an identifiable source (P < .00001 for each). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in children with bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms than in those with bacteremia due to gram-positive organisms (P = .0011 and P = .0003, respectively). The measured levels of CrP, MBP, and sFc gammaRIII were not useful for identifying the type of infection. These preliminary results show the potential usefulness of IL-6 and IL-8 as early indicators for life-threatening infections in febrile cancer patients with neutropenia.
Towards the identification of subjects prone to develop atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery via univariate and multivariate complexity analysis of heart period variability (2017)

The assessment of cardiovascular control complexity as derived from spontaneous heart period (HP) fluctuations can be improved by exploiting a multivariate (MV) approach. This work proposes the assessment of a normalized complexity index (NCI) of HP variability according to a k-nearest-neighbor approach based on local predictability performed in a MV nonuniform embedding space. The method allows the selection of the past components of HP, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (R) most useful for the prediction of HP fluctuations. The NCI derived from the MV approach (NCIMV) was compared to a NCI computed via the same technique applied in a univariate (UV) embedding space (NCIUV) formed exclusively by HP past samples. Indexes were computed in 130 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery before and after the induction of general anesthesia. Thirty-eight subjects developed atrial fibrillation (AF) after surgery, while the remaining ones did not (noAF, n=92). Both NCIUV and NCIMV could separate AF from noAF patients and revealed a larger complexity of the AF subjects. However, the statistical power of the NCIMV was superior given that the probability of type I error was smaller than that of NCIUV. The assessment of cardiac control complexity could improve risk stratification of patients at risk of developing AF after CABG surgery.
Discrete-Time Adaptive Command Following and Disturbance Rejection With Unknown Exogenous Dynamics (2008)

We present an adaptive controller that requires limited model information for stabilization, command following, and disturbance rejection for mult-input multi-output minimum-phase discrete-time systems. Specifically, the controller requires knowledge of the open-loop system's relative degree as well as a bound on the first nonzero Markov parameter. Notably, the controller does not require knowledge of the command or the disturbance spectrum as long as the command and disturbance signals are generated by a Lyapunov-stable linear system. Thus, the command and disturbance signals are combinations of discrete-time sinusoids and steps. In addition, the Markov-parameter-based adaptive controller uses feedback action only, and thus does not require a direct measurement of the command or disturbance signals. Using a logarithmic Lyapunov function, we prove global asymptotic convergence for command following and disturbance rejection as well as Lyapunov stability of the adaptive system when the open-loop system is asymptotically stable.
Mechanistic-Empirical Rut Prediction Model for In-Service Pavements (2000)

Rutting is a major mode of failure in flexible pavements. Development of accurate predictive rut performance models is an ongoing pursuit of the pavement engineering community. This has resulted in a plethora of rut prediction models ranging from purely mechanistic to empirical. Presented is the development of a mechanistic-empirical rut prediction model that uses data from 39 in-service flexible pavements from Michigan. The proposed model accounts for the rut contribution of the subgrade, subbase, base, and asphalt concrete layers. The model addresses inventory-type variables like pavement cross section, ambient temperature, and asphalt consistency properties. The applicability of the model was validated by using data from 24 Long-Term Pavement Performance–Global Positioning System (GPS) sites. For 19 of the 24 GPS sites, the predicted rut depth was within 5 mm of the measured rut depth.
Bar code reading from images captured by camera phones (2005)

Bar codes are being widely used in many fields for applications of great commercial value. By encoding a series of characters or symbols, bar codes are able to both carry explicit information and a database key. Nowadays, The availability of imaging phones provides people a mobile platform for decoding bar code rather than the use of the conventional scanner which is lack of mobility. However, the short-distance capture of bar codes using an imaging phone inevitably makes bar code images blurred, meanwhile, these images are contaminated heavily with noises. Hence, it is a challenge for automatic bar code reading by imaging phones in such applications. In this paper, research effort on the algorithms of bar code reading by real NOKIA imaging phone products is proposed and EAN-13, a widely used 1-D bar code standard, is taken as an example to show the efficiency of the method. The method, of course, can be extended to other bar code standards without much effort. A wavelet-based bar code area location and knowledge-based bar code character segmentation scheme is applied to extract bar code characters under poor image quality of real conditions. Then the waveforms of the 12 marked divisions are input to the decoding engine, which is called statistical recognition block, and final decoding decision is made. Training of the statistical classifiers is based on the modified GLVQ (generalised learning vector quantization) method and the initial feature extraction is based on LDA (linear discriminant analysis). Training samples are from the database contains over 1,100 bar code images taken by an imaging phone and the sample set is extended by manually shifting (distortion) of the original samples to cover more possibilities of occurrence. Nearly 300 EAN-13 bar code images taken by imaging phone (NOKIA 3650) without micro-lens are tested to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The entire symbol recognition rate is 85.62%, which is desirable for the first kick-off of the attempt to implement bar code reading applications in the camera phone products. Bar code images taken with micro-lens or optical zoom functionality are also tested and the entire symbol recognition rate is nearly hundred percent. (6 pages)
Attribute-based refinement of software architectures (2004)

This paper aims to show the usefulness of attaching attributes to pieces of software architectures, in order to direct a transformation and refinement process. These attributes are properties that can be considered as abstract ways to express architectural structures, and characteristics that constrain the refinement process. Then we define a methodology that consists in refining and transforming an architecture on the basis of the attributes attached to it. The methodology will be illustrated on a case study.
Iridotrabecular and Iridocorneal Contact Changes after Cataract Surgery and Endothelial Keratoplasty in Bilateral Iridoschisis (2021)

We report a case of bilateral iridoschisis with corneal oedema and a quantitative evaluation of the changes in iridotrabecular and iridocorneal contact before and after cataract surgery and after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). A 76-year-old woman with iridoschisis and cataracts, previously managed with laser iridotomy, experienced progressive vision loss. The preoperative iridotrabecular contact (ITC) index measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography was 23.6% in the right eye and 24.4% in the left eye. Preoperative corneal oedema in the right eye was more severe than that in the left eye. Cataract surgery, followed by DSAEK, was performed in the right eye and subsequently in the left eye. Her visual acuity improved postoperatively, and the corneal oedema of both eyes was treated successfully. Moreover, the ITC index improved in both eyes, to 4.7 and 6.9% after cataract surgery and to 0 and 0% after DSAEK in the right and left eyes, respectively. Staged cataract surgery and DSAEK were effective for endothelial decompensation caused by iridoschisis. Additionally, we confirm that iridotrabecular and iridocorneal contacts improved after both surgical procedures not only after cataract surgery but also after DSAEK. This case report showed the clinical usefulness of the ITC index in the detection of changes after different surgical procedures.
Some Recent Theory, Experiments, and Simulations on Rubberlike Elasticity (2002)

Some recent theory in the area of rubberlike elasticity is illustrated by the analysis of strain-induced crystallization, chain entanglements in networks through constraint models, junction fluctuations and neutron scattering, and phase separations in oriented gels. Experimental techniques for characterizing elastomers involve the usual mechanical property measurements but also include chain orientation by birefringence measurements and infrared spectroscopy, small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering studies, pulse-propagation measurements, and Brillouin scattering. Some unusual types of elastomers described include (i) networks having known structures ("model" elastomers), (ii) networks having bimodal distributions of network chain lengths, (iii) reversibly cross-linked materials ("thermoplastic elastomers"), and (iv) elastomers cross linked in solution. Some novel approaches to reinforcement include (i) sol−gel-generated ceramic phases, (ii) rubbery particles for toughening ceramics, (iii) zeolites and other porous fillers that can be penetrated by network chains, and (iv) exfoliated clays. Examples of simulations involve the gelation process leading to network structures, non-Gaussian distributions, crystallization of elastomers that are chemically or stereochemically copolymeric, and reinforcement from particulate fillers.
Handbook of light emitting and Schottky diode research (2009)

Preface Rare Earth Metals and their Complexes in Organic Light Emitting Diodes Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Iridium (III) Complexes Containing Carbazole Units Characterization of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers by Electrochemical Methods Basics of Light Emitting Diodes, Characterizations and Applications Novel Applications of Absorbance Based Light Emitting Diode Optical Devices Recent Progress of White Organic Light-Emitting Devices Device Architectures for High Efficiency in Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes New Conjugated Polyimides with Special Architecture: Photoluminescence of violet, blue and green polyimides in solution and in blend with poly(methylmethacrylate) Laser Metrology Modeling for Object Contouring Based on Algorithms of Artificial Intelligence Computational Study of Novel Tris-(5-aryl-8-hydroxyquinolato) Aluminum (III) Complexes with Use in Molecular Electronics Utilizing LED Technology for Arthropod Pest Control Nanostructured Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes Electrophoretic Deposition: A Novel Route to Make Polymer Electronic Devices A Tunnel Transit-Time Light Emitting Diode as a New Type of Si:Er LEDs with Impact Excitation of Er3+ Recent Progress in ZnTe-based green LED Using Light-Emitting Diodes to Load Ions for Ion Trapping Titania-Germanium Nanocomposite for Next Generation Light Emitting Diodes Enhanced Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Vertical Type LED Using Cone-Shape Patterned Sapphire Substrate Pseudo-Schottky Diodes: An Original Means of Improving Gas Sensor Applications Bases on Schottky Diodes GaN-based Schottky Diodes Index.
p53 therapy in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (2007)

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that greatly increases the risk of developing multiple types of cancer. The majority of Li-Fraumeni syndrome families contain germ-line mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We describe treatment of a refractory, progressive Li-Fraumeni syndrome embryonal carcinoma with a p53 therapy (Advexin) targeted to the underlying molecular defect of this syndrome. p53 treatment resulted in complete and durable remission of the injected lesion by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans with improvement of tumor-related symptoms. With respect to molecular markers, the patient's tumor had abnormal p53 and expressed coxsackie adenovirus receptors with a low HDM2 and bcl-2 profile conducive for adenoviral p53 activity. p53 treatment resulted in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis documented by p21 and cleaved caspase-3 detection. Increased adenoviral antibody titers after repeated therapy did not inhibit adenoviral p53 activity or result in pathologic sequelae. Relationships between these clinical, radiographic, and molecular markers may prove useful in guiding future application of p53 tumor suppressor therapy.
Skelettales K-Pendulum – eine rein skelettal verankerte, compliance-unabhängige Apparatur zur Molarendistalisation im Oberkiefer (2009)

The molar distalization with non-compliance devices has undergone a long and successful devel­opment and has become one of the most commonly used orthodontic treatment techniques by now. The conventional devices are based on an extensive coverage of the dental arch or the palate and lead to reactive effects on the anterior dental arch. The use of skeletal anchorage strategies shows new ways to compensate these disadvantages. The article discusses the conceptual devel­opment in the field of non-compliance molar distalization, describing internationally recognized devices and their modifications. By combining proven strategies, the authors have developed a purely skeletally anchored design (Skeletal K-Pendulum), based on two miniscrews placed in the anterior palate, composed of the elements of the K-Pendulum and the Simplified Molar Distal­izer thus using their respective special mechanical ­advantages in one device. In addition to the active distalization without reactive effects on the anterior dentition, skeletal anchorage enables a simultaneous alignment of the dental arch. Design and manufacturing process of the device as well as the insertion of miniscrews and the clinical handling of the skeletal K-Pendulum are discussed in detail and its effectiveness is documented by treatment cases.
Papaverine Biotransformation in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPapaverine Biotransformation in Plant Cell Suspension CulturesP. Dorisse, J. Gleye, P. Loiseau, P. Puig, A. M. Edy, and M. HenryCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 3, 532–536Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50057a013https://doi.org/10.1021/np50057a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of IR and Raman forms of vibrational optical activity (1994)

Natural vibrational optical activity consists of two principal forms. The IR form is known as vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and is simply the extension of electronic circular dichroism into the IR vibrational region of the spectrum. The Raman form, known as Raman optical activity (ROA), is a new form of optical activity that has no counterpart in the classical forms of optical activity. In this paper, the similarities and differences of the IR and Raman forms of vibrational optical activity will be examined. Although both VCD and ROA were discovered and confirmed in the period from 1973 to 1975, each field has evolved independently with key advances in theoretical description, instrumentation and application coming at different times over the past 20 years. The current relative strengths and weaknesses of VCD and ROA will be discussed, and specific examples of VOA spectra of (-)-alpha-pinene and the amino acid L-alanine, for which overlapping VCD and ROA data are available, will be presented.
Selective Immobilization of Protein Clusters on Polymeric Nanocraters (2006)

Abstract A method for fabricating chemically nanopatterned surfaces based on a combination of colloidal lithography and plasma‐ enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is presented. This method can be applied for the creation of different nanopatterns, and it is in principle not limited in patterning resolution. Nanocraters of poly(acrylic acid) (carboxylic moieties) surrounded by a matrix of poly(ethylene glycol) are fabricated. Chemical force microscopy demonstrates that the process is able to produce the expected surface chemical contrast. Finally, the carboxylic groups of the craters are activated in order to induce the covalent binding of fluorescent‐labeled proteins. Fluorescence investigation using scanning confocal microscopy shows that the proteins are preferentially attached inside the functional craters.