gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen dynamics as predictors of death from prostate cancer in patients treated conservatively (2010)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics have been proposed to predict outcome in men with prostate cancer. We assessed the value of PSA velocity (PSAV) and PSA doubling time (PSADT) for predicting prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in men with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing conservative management or early hormonal therapy. From 1990 to 1996, 2,333 patients were identified, of whom 594 had two or more PSA values before diagnosis. We examined 12 definitions for PSADT and 10 for PSAV. Because each definition required PSA measurements at particular intervals, the number of patients eligible for each definition varied from 40 to 594 and number of events from 10 to 119. Four PSAV definitions, but no PSADT, were significantly associated with PCSM after adjustment for PSA in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. All four could be calculated only for a proportion of events, and the enhancements in predictive accuracy associated with PSAV had very wide confidence intervals. There was no clear benefit of PSAV in men with low PSA and Gleason grade 6 or less. Although evidence that certain PSAV definitions help to predict PCSM in the cohort exist, the value of incorporating PSAV in predictive models to assist in determining eligibility for conservative management is, at best, uncertain.
Intentional Control of n-type Conduction for Si-doped AlN and AlxGa1?xN with High Al Content (2002)

N-type conductive Si-doped AlN and AlxGa1—xN with high Al content have been obtained by intentionally controlling the Si dopant density [Si]. Self-compensation plays an important role at higher [Si] and determines the upper doping limit of Si. The Si-doped AlN showed n-type conduction when [Si] was less than 3 × 1019 cm—3. When [Si] was more than 3 × 1019 cm—3, it became highly resistive due to the self-compensation of Si donors. For x > 0.49, the ionization energy of Si donors increased sharply with increasing Al content. This resulted in a sharp decrease in the highest obtainable electron concentration with increasing Al content for the Si-doped AlxGa1—xN.
Cryo-EM structures of the channelrhodopsin ChRmine in lipid nanodiscs (2021)

Microbial channelrhodopsins are light-gated ion channels widely used for optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity. ChRmine is a bacteriorhodopsin-like cation channelrhodopsin (BCCR) more closely related to ion pump rhodopsins than other channelrhodopsins. ChRmine displays unique properties favorable for optogenetics including high light sensitivity, a red-shifted activation spectrum, cation selectivity, and large photocurrents while its slow closing kinetics impede some applications. The structural basis for ChRmine function, or that of any other BCCR, is unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of ChRmine in lipid nanodiscs in apo (opsin) and retinal-bound (rhodopsin) forms. The structures reveal an unprecedented trimeric architecture with a lipid filled central pore. Large electronegative cavities on either side of the membrane facilitate high conductance and selectivity for cations over protons. The retinal binding pocket structure suggests spectral and kinetic properties could be tuned with mutations and we identify ChRmine variants with two-fold increased and ten-fold decreased closing rates. These results provide insight into structural features that generate an ultra-potent microbial opsin and provide a platform for rational engineering of channelrhodopsins with improved properties that could expand the scale, depth, and precision of optogenetic manipulations.
Experimental Study using Trail Rotors to Study the Inter-Bar Current of Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors (2019)

At present, many types of induction motors (IMs) are used as the power sources of industrial machines. Generally, middle and small size IMs have skewed slots in the rotor bar, which is made of aluminum die cast, to reduce abnormal starting torques and electromagnetic vibration and noise. The rotor iron and rotor bars are shorted, and an electrical potential difference is generated between the rotor bars by skewing, so that the current, which is called inter-bar current, flows in the direction of rotation. However, many unclear issues exist with regard to the inter-bar current. Therefore, we have experimentally studied the effect of the inter-bar current on the characteristics of an IM. In a previous paper, a trial rotor was investigated by using the finite element method (FEM). In this paper, the effects of the inter-bar current on the characteristics of an IM are demonstrated through experiments with many test motors, which include some trial rotors that follow the previous results. In particular, it is shown that the stray load torque in the reverse rotational test is remarkably reduced when the rotor is heated to about 500°C (abbr. post-heating), and that its influence extends the improvement of the starting torque and running performance. Furthermore, the resistance between the rotor bars are measured using ultra-low resistance meter.
Inhibition of NF-κB and Oxidative Pathways in Human Dendritic Cells by Antioxidative Vitamins Generates Regulatory T Cells (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to T cell immunity, and many strategies have been used to manipulate DCs to modify immune responses. We investigated the effects of antioxidants ascorbate (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on DC phenotype and function. Vitamins C and E are both antioxidants, and concurrent use results in a nonadditive activity. We have demonstrated that DC treated with these antioxidants are resistant to phenotypic and functional changes following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. Following treatment, the levels of intracellular oxygen radical species were reduced, and the protein kinase RNA-regulated, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, NF-kappaB, protein kinase C, and p38 MAPK pathways could not be activated following inflammatory agent stimulation. We went on to show that allogeneic T cells (including CD4(+)CD45RO, CD4(+)CD45RA, and CD4(+)CD25(-) subsets) were anergized following exposure to vitamin-treated DCs, and secreted higher levels of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 than cells incubated with control DCs. These anergic T cells act as regulatory T cells in a contact-dependent manner that is not dependent on IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. These data indicate that vitamin C- and E-treated DC might be useful for the induction of tolerance to allo- or autoantigens.
A virtual reality environment for Web browsing (2003)

We present an environment for navigating the Web through a virtual reality space. The two-dimensional Internet space is mapped into virtual worlds according to predefined and/or inferred metaphors. Web and metaphor elements are given a conceptual representation to highlight their similarities, which are used to construct an appropriate mapping. The derived virtual representation is realized through a VR-builder, which generates VRML sources. As a result, a Web site is mapped into a virtual world, allowing naive users to easily navigate the WWW.
Ocular Surface Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Intraorbital Extension in a Patient with Long-Term Immunosuppression (2016)

Purpose: To report a case of ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma with intraorbital extension in a patient with renal transplantation and long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Case summary: A 59-year-old Korean male presented with a whitish mass in the medial limbus and conjunctiva of the right eye. The patient had undergone renal transplantation 17 years prior due to lupus nephritis and was on systemic immunosuppression with daily prednisolone (10 mg), tacrolimus (5 mg), and mycophenolate sodium (720 mg). The complete excision of the mass was performed and mitomycin C application and amniotic membrane transplantation on the excised area were combined. Histopathological examination revealed the mass was squamous cell carcinoma. There were no abnormal findings on the orbit computed tomography (CT). The patient was additionally treated with topical interferon alpha 2b 6 months postoperatively. One year later, a mass recurred at the same site in the right eye. The complete excision of the mass, mitomycin C application, cryotherapy, and amniotic membrane transplantation were performed. Orbit CT showed a 1.9 cm-sized intraorbital mass involving the medial rectus of the right eye. The orbital exenteration was performed and the intraorbital mass was histologically proven to be squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in patients with renal transplantation and long-term immunosuppressive therapy should be monitored closely for the possibility of orbital invasion.
Desafios para o Brasil construir sua Sociedade 5.0 (2020)

Este artigo destaca alguns desafios para o Brasil construir sua sociedade 5.0, conceito apresentado pelo Governo Japonês em 2016, no contexto do 5º Plano Básico de Ciência e Tecnologia. Este plano projeta o desenvolvimento da ciência e das tecnologias da informação com foco na qualidade de vida do ser humano. Porém, para construir uma Sociedade 5.0, dependemos de decisões políticas e também um forte avanço educacional, científico e tecnológico. Para isto, é necessário investimento expressivo em Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Computação e Eletrônica para que se construa um ecossistema no setor de TI, que tenha condições de fornecer os dispositivos e sistemas computacionais para o avanço dos diferentes setores da economia e que forneça as condições para o que o país possa transformar a nossa sociedade em uma Sociedade 5.0, com qualidade de vida para todos os cidadãos.
Melting behaviour of drawn and undrawn annealed nylon 6 (1981)

Abstract The melting behaviour of drawn and undrawn nylon 6 annealed from 80 to 228°C for 6 h in vacuum is studied by means of DSC and X‐ray scattering. The melting behaviour is interpreted in terms of growth and perfection of crystallites during annealing. The equilibrium melting point T m 0 = (254 ± 3)°C as well as the specific surface free energy σ e = 33 erg/cm 2 are calculated from the crystallite size data by applying the Thomson equation for drawn and undrawn samples. The heat of fusion of an infinitely large crystal Δ H 0 = (188 ± 8) J/g is estimated too.
High efficiency THz generation in DSTMS, DAST and OH1 pumped by Cr:forsterite laser (2015)

We investigated Terahertz generation in organic crystals DSTMS, DAST and OH1 directly pumped by a Cr:forsterite laser at central wavelength of 1.25 μm. This pump laser technology provides a laser-to-THz energy conversion efficiency higher than 3 percent. Phase-matching is demonstrated over a broad 0.1-8 THz frequency range. In our simple setup we achieved hundred μJ pulses in tight focus resulting in electric and magnetic field larger than 10 MV/cm and 3 Tesla.
Interaction of Hydrogen with the Surface of Type 304 Stainless Steel (1973)

Experiments were performed to determine if oxygen is available on Type 304 stainless steel in a state which could cause oxidation of active metals during hydrogen exposure. A bakeable ultrahigh vacuum system was used in making measurements of hydrogen interaction with stainless steel. Mass spectra were taken throughout the experiments. The experiments indicated that stainless steel reacts in a hydrogen atmosphere to form water. This effect is greater at high than at low temperature. The stainless steel can be passivated by treating the surface with oxygen during heating to high temperature.
CuI-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of β-Amino Acids or Esters with Aryl Halides at Temperature Lower Than That Employed in the Normal Ullmann Reaction. Facile Synthesis of SB-214857 (2001)

The CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides with β-amino acids or β-amino esters is completed at 100 °C in 48 h, which indicates that the structure of the β-amino acid has an accelerating effect for the Ullmann-type aryl amination reaction. This coupling reaction can be used to prepare enantiopure N-aryl β-amino acids. An efficient synthetic route to SB214857, a potent GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, is developed using this method.
Aluminum Exposure and Metabolism (1997)

Aluminum (Al) is a nonessential, toxic metal to which humans are frequently exposed. Oral exposure to aluminum occurs through ingestion of aluminum-containing pharmaceuticals and to a lesser extent foods and water. Parenteral exposure to aluminum can occur via contaminated total parenteral nutrition (TPN), intravenous (i.v.) solutions, or contaminated dialysates. Inhalation exposure may be important in some occupational settings. The gut is the most effective organ in preventing tissue aluminum accumulation after oral exposure. Typically gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum from diets is < 1%. Although the mechanisms of aluminum absorption have not been elucidated, both passive and active transcellular processes and paracellular transport are believed to occur. Aluminum and calcium may share some absorptive pathways. Aluminum absorption is also affected by the speciation of aluminum and a variety of other substances, including citrate, in the gut milieu. Not all absorbed or parenterally delivered aluminum is excreted in urine. Low glomerular filtration of aluminum reflects that most aluminum in plasma is nonfiltrable because of complexation to proteins, predominantly transferrin. The importance of biliary secretion of aluminum is debatable and the mechanism(s) is poorly understood and appears to be saturable by fairly low oral doses of aluminum.
Economic Evaluation of Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery in Brazilian Health (2015)

Introduction Lumbar discectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, with success rates greater than 80%. To better understand the meaning of a good outcome in lumbar disc herniation treatment, it is important to know how much the health care system or the patient need to pay to achieve a good result. The cost–utility studies are useful to evaluate the value of health care interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate for the first time the cost-effectiveness of spine surgery in Latin America for lumbar discectomy in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained in Brazil. Patients and Methods Costs of medical treatment were recorded in 143 consecutive patients who underwent open discectomy for lumbar disc herniation. Direct medical costs comprised medical reimbursement and costs of hospitalization. Indirect costs were considered the disability losses. Utilities were estimated using SF-6D–derived utilities from a 12-month variation in SF-36. A 4-year horizon with 3% discounting was applied to health utilities estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying utility gain by 20%. The costs were expressed in Reais (R$) and American Dollars ($), at an exchange rate of 2.4:1. Results Direct and indirect costs of open discectomy were estimated at an average of R$ 3.426,72 ($ 1,427.80) and R$ 2.027,67 ($ 844.86), respectively. The mean total cost of treatment was estimated at R$ 5.454,40 ($ 2,272.66) (± R$ 2.709,17/$ 1,128.82) The SF-6D utility gain was 0.0456 (95% CI: 0.03197–0.05923, p = 0.017) at 12 months. The 4-year discounted QALY gain was 0.176928. The estimated cost-utility ratio was R$ 30.828,35 ($ 12,845.14) per QALY gained. The sensitivity analysis showed a range of R$ 25.690,29 ($ 10,714.28)–R$ 38.535,44 ($ 16,056.43) per QALY gained. Conclusion Open discectomy is associated with a significant improvement in health utilities as measured by SF-6D. Open discectomy performed in the Brazilian Supplementary Health System provides a cost–utility ratio of R$ 30.828,35 ($ 12,845.14) per 1 quality-adjusted life year.
A cytotoxic factor in cholera toxin. (1970)

Preparations of cholera toxin prevented HeLa cells from spreading on a plastic surface. The toxic factor was heat labile. The toxin was filtered through Sephadex G25 and the cytotoxic component appeared to enter the resin, and cytotoxic fractions sensitized sheep cells to antitoxic serum. These fractions were then run on a G50 column and amino acid analysis suggested the presence in active fractions of a peptide containing 11 amino acids.
Headphone with two resonant peaks for simulating loudspeaker reproduction (1981)

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Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) Associated with Rodents in Central Thailand (1994)

Chiggers were collected from rodents trapped at two military bases located 10 km apart in central Thailand. One site was swampy and nearly treeless and the other site was well-drained and partially wooded. Although 13 species of chiggers were collected, only three species were found to be positive for Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi) Ogata using a direct fluorescent antibody test: Blankaartia acuscutellaris Walch (7.3% infected), Leptotrombidium delinese Walch (3.1% infected), and an undescribed species of Ascoschoengastia near A. indica Hirst (1.2% infected). This was the first record of R. tsutsugamushi in B. acuscutellaris. The Ascoschoengastia species occurred with equal frequency at the two study sites, L. deliense occurred more frequently at the well-drained site, and B. acuscutellaris occurred more frequently at the swampy site. Results suggest that there are important foci of scrub typhus in central Thailand and that B. acuscutellaris may be a vector in this area.
Immunolocalization of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMP‐1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) in human gingival tissues from periodontitis patients (1994)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collagenase, gelatinase A (72 kDa gelatinase), stromelysin, and their specific inhibitor TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), were immunolocalized using specific polyclonal antisera in gingival tissues from 21 patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Monoclonal antibodies against macrophages (Leu-M5), B cells (Leu-14), helper T cells (OKT4), suppressor T cells (OKT8) and the HLA-DR epitope were also used to identify leukocyte subsets. MMPs were observed in connective tissues at sites that histologically showed signs of remodelling. The number and distribution of positive cells varied widely, however, not only between individual biopsy specimens, but also within the same specimen. The same was true for the composition and distribution of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Moreover, although there was a positive correlation between the number of MMP-producing cells and the severity of inflammation in some specimens, for others with comparable leukocyte subset scoring the number was reduced and sometimes absent altogether. Cells secreting MMPs were fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells. It was not possible to determine unequivocally whether a MMP-positive cell within the connective tissue was a fibroblast or a macrophage, since the antisera recognise both fibroblast and macrophage MMPs and the different fixation requirements for MMPs (4% paraformaldehyde) and Leu-M5 (acetone) precluded co-localization on the same section. TIMP-1 was immunolocalized within connective tissue cells at sites of tissue remodelling. Our results support the hypothesis that tissue-derived MMPs may be involved in tissue remodelling in periodontal disease and conclusively demonstrate that epithelial cells may be involved as well as connective tissue cells.
Reconfigurable Logic Architectures based on Disruptive Technologies (2011)

Durant les quatre dernières décennies, l industrie des semi-conducteurs a connu une croissance exponentielle. En accord avec l ITRS et à mesure de l'approche vers le nanomètre, les promesses sont énormes et les composants sont réduits à leurs limites physiques et économiques ultimes. L objectif principal de cette thèse est d explorer les opportunités offertes par les technologies émergentes pour la conception d architectures reconfigurables. Tout d abord, la thèse se centre sur l architecture FPGA traditionnelle et étudie des améliorations structurelles apportées par des technologies en ruptures. Tandis que les structures de configuration et de routage occupent la majeure partie de la surface d un FPGA et limitent ces performances, l intégration 3-D apparait comme une bonne opportunité pour déplacer ces circuits dans les niveaux métalliques. Des circuits de configuration et de routage utilisant des mémoires résistives compatibles back-end, un procédé d intégration 3-D ou encore un procédé de réalisation de transistors verticaux seront introduits et évalués dans un contexte architectural complet. Par la suite, la thèse présente de nouvelles propositions architecturales pour la logique à grain ultra-fin. La taille des éléments logiques peut être réduite grâce aux propriétés inhérentes de certaines technologies, telles que l arrangement en structures entrecroisées de nanofils ou la polarité contrôlable des transistors carbones. Considérant le changement de granularité des opérateurs logiques, des topologies d interconnexions fixes sont nécessaires afin d éviter l important surcoût dû à l interconnexion programmable. Afin d étudier les possibilités de cette organisation, un flot d évaluation est présenté et utilisé pour explorer l espace de conception relatif aux architectures à grain ultra-fin.
XX male (2011)

Abstract This disorder is characterized by the combination of male external genitalia, testicular differentiation of the gonads, and an apparent 46,XX karyotype. Designation of the karyotype as 46,XX is based on conventional cytogenetic analysis, where the X chromosomes have an inconspicuous appearance. If molecular methods are applied, most XX males can be shown to have translocated Y-chromosomal material on the tip of one X chromosome. Strictly speaking, the karyotype of these patients should be written as 46,X,der(X)t(Xp;Yp). It has been suggested that this disorder be renamed ‘46,XX testicular disorder of sex development’ (1). The authors prefer to stay with the the less clumsy ‘XX male (syndrome)’.
Adjuvant-Mediated Tumor Regression and Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic Response Are Impaired in MyD88-Deficient Mice (2004)

The Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) activates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, but unlike the typical TLR4 agonist bacterial lipopolysaccharide barely induces type 1 IFN. BCG-CWS has been used for adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with cancer. We investigated the adjuvant potential of BCG-CWS for induction of CTLs subsequent to TLR-mediated dendritic cell (DC) maturation, using a syngeneic mouse tumor model (B16 melanoma in C57BL/6). We evaluated the retardation of tumor growth and cytotoxic response in wild-type and MyD88-/- mice immunized with tumor debris and/or BCG-CWS. Delays in tumor growth and cytotoxic response were induced by immunization with a mixture of BCG-CWS emulsion and the tumor. BCG-CWS was capable of activating DCs ex vivo by the criteria of CD80/CD86 up-regulation and cytokine (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) induction. Efficient tumor suppression and ex vivo cytokine induction did not occur in MyD88-deficient mice and cells, suggesting that the MyD88 adapter is crucial for induction of tumor cytotoxicity. Because TLR4 is involved in both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways and the latter affects DC maturation, our findings indicate that both pathways cooperate to induce CTL-based tumor immunity.