gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic assessment of sea level variations within the last interglacial stage (2013)

The last interglacial stage (LIG; ca. 130-115 ka) provides a relatively recent example of a world with both poles characterized by greater-than-Holocene temperatures similar to those expected later in this century under a range of greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Previous analyses inferred that LIG mean global sea level (GSL) peaked 6-9 m higher than today. Here, we extend our earlier work to perform a probabilistic assessment of sea level variability within the LIG highstand. Using the terminology for probability employed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports, we find it extremely likely (95 per cent probability) that the palaeo-sea level record allows resolution of at least two intra-LIG sea level peaks and likely (67 per cent probability) that the magnitude of low-to-high swings exceeded 4 m. Moreover, it is likely that there was a period during the LIG in which GSL rose at a 1000-yr average rate exceeding 3 m kyr -1 , but unlikely (33 per cent probability) that the rate exceeded 7 m kyr -1 and extremely unlikely (5 per cent probability) that it exceeded 11 m kyr -1 . These rate estimates can provide insight into rates of Greenland and/or Antarctic melt under climate conditions partially analogous to those expected in the 21st century.
Simulation and Comparison of Infra-Red Sensors for Automotive Collision Avoidence (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;i&gt;This paper presents a simulation and comparison of two different infra-red imaging systems in terms of their use in automotive collision avoidence applications. The first half of this study concerns the simulations of an “cooled” focal plane array infra-red imaging system, and an “uncooled” focal plane array infra-red imaging system. This is done using the United States Army's Tank-Automotive Command Thermal Image Model - (TTIM). Visual images of automobiles - as seen through a forward looking infra-red sensor - are generated, by using TTIM, under a variety of viewing range, and rain conditions. The second half of the study focuses on a comparison between the two simulated sensors. This comparison is undertaken from the standpoint of the ability of a human observer to detect potential (collision) targets, when seeing through the two different sensors. A measure of the target's detectability is derived for each sensor by using the United States Army's Tank-Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center Visual Model (TVM).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
What Goals Do Students Have When Choosing the Actions They Perform (2004)

Several models were built recently in the metacognitive level of the students ’ interaction with Cognitive Tutors, an intelligent tutoring system based on ACT-R theory. After finding suboptimal help-seeking behavior, we built a
Highlights der Renaissance der Amidometallchemie (2000)

Den vermeintlichen Nachteil nutzen: Die eher enttäuschende Reaktivität der Metall-Stickstoff-Bindung im Vergleich zur Metall-Kohlenstoff-Bindung ließ die Amidometallchemie nach ihrer Blüte Ende der sechziger, Anfang der siebziger Jahre etwas in Vergessenheit geraten. Heute nutzt man genau diesen Nachteil, um durch Amidoliganden inerte Komplexfragmente mit wohldefinierten Reaktionszentren zu bilden. Dadurch wurde die Chemie der frühen Übergangsmetalle bereichert, und neben den als klassisch anzusehenden Cyclopentadienylliganden stehen interessante Alternativen zur Verfügung.
Spaced-Antenna Interferometry to Detect and Locate Subvolume Inhomogeneities of Reflectivity: An Analogy with Monopulse Radar (2008)

Abstract The theory of spaced-antenna interferometry (SAI) is formulated to detect and locate deterministic objects and reflectivity inhomogeneities embedded within the phased-array weather radar’s resolution volume V6 and to improve weather radar performance. An analogy is made between monopulse tracking and SAI. The cross-correlation function and its power spectrum are derived based on wave scattering by a large deterministic object and clusters of randomly distributed precipitation particles. It is shown that nonuniform beam filling leads to an effective narrower beam and an increase in cross-correlation coefficient at zero lag. Hence, an individual object or a subvolume inhomogeneity can be detected and located by SAI. This capability further enhances the potential applications of phased-array weather radar used as a multimission system.
“Image As Big Data” Systems: Some Case Studies (2016)

In this chapter, we will provide a brief introduction to an example toolkit, the Image as Big Data Toolkit (IABDT), a Java-based open source framework for performing a wide variety of distributed image processing and analysis tasks in a scalable, highly available, and reliable manner. IABDT is an image processing framework developed over the last several years in response to the rapid evolution of big data technologies in general, but in particular distributed image processing technologies. IABDT is designed to accept many formats of imagery, signals, sensor data, metadata, and video as data input.
Separable dual-space Gaussian pseudopotentials (1996)

We present pseudopotential coefficients for the first two rows of the Periodic Table. The pseudopotential is of an analytic form that gives optimal efficiency in numerical calculations using plane waves as a basis set. At most, seven coefficients are necessary to specify its analytic form. It is separable and has optimal decay properties in both real and Fourier space. Because of this property, the application of the nonlocal part of the pseudopotential to a wave function can be done efficiently on a grid in real space. Real space integration is much faster for large systems than ordinary multiplication in Fourier space, since it shows only quadratic scaling with respect to the size of the system. We systematically verify the high accuracy of these pseudopotentials by extensive atomic and molecular test calculations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
CD40/APC-specific antibodies with three T-cell epitopes loaded in the constant domains induce CD4+ T-cell responses (2012)

CD4+ T lymphocytes play a central role in the orchestration and maintenance of the adaptive immune response. Targeting of antigen to antigen presenting cells (APCs) increases peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and CD4+ T-cell activation. APCs have been targeted by APC-specific recombinant antibodies (rAbs) with single T-cell epitopes integrated in the constant region of the heavy chain (C(H)). However, the strategy may be improved if several T-cell epitopes could be delivered simultaneously by one rAb. We here demonstrate that a single rAb can be loaded with multiple identical or different T-cell epitopes, integrated as loops between β-strands in C(H) domains. One epitope was inserted in C(H)1, while two were placed in C(H)2 of IgG. T-cell proliferation assays showed that all three peptides were excised from loops and presented on MHC class II to T-cells. Induction of T-cell activation by each epitope in the multi-peptide rAb was as good, or even better, than that elicited by corresponding single-peptide rAbs. Furthermore, following DNA vaccination of mice with plasmids that encode CD40-specific rAbs loaded with either one or three peptides, T-cell responses were induced. Thus, integration of multiple epitopes in C(H) region loops of APC-specific rAbs is feasible and may be utilized in design of multi-vaccines.
Efficient codebook generation for appearance-based localization (2009)

Mobile robot localization relies on efficient environment modeling, which in turns relies on robust feature set representation. Local point of interest descriptors provide distinguishable visual features, however suffer from their huge size. In this paper, the problem of reducing the size of such descriptors for the sake of robot localization is addressed. A two-phase solution is proposed. The first uses an entropy measure for features evaluation and selection. The second generates a codebook from the entropy-based features, which manages to reduce the size of the features significantly, while still preserving similar performance like that of the non reduced descriptor. The localization precision within an indoor environment is 96%, with 90% reduction in the number of features.
Production-Level Facial Performance Capture Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We present a real-time deep learning framework for video-based facial performance capture -- the dense 3D tracking of an actor's face given a monocular video. Our pipeline begins with accurately capturing a subject using a high-end production facial capture pipeline based on multi-view stereo tracking and artist-enhanced animations. With 5-10 minutes of captured footage, we train a convolutional neural network to produce high-quality output, including self-occluded regions, from a monocular video sequence of that subject. Since this 3D facial performance capture is fully automated, our system can drastically reduce the amount of labor involved in the development of modern narrative-driven video games or films involving realistic digital doubles of actors and potentially hours of animated dialogue per character. We compare our results with several state-of-the-art monocular real-time facial capture techniques and demonstrate compelling animation inference in challenging areas such as eyes and lips.
Impact of Distraction on Intraoperative Events During Minimally Invasive Surgery (2019)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 229(4):p S154-S155, October 2019. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.341
Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection (2022)

Safe sample transport is of great importance for infectious diseases diagnostics. Various treatments and buffers are used to inactivate pathogens in diagnostic samples. At the same time, adequate sample preservation, particularly of nucleic acids, is essential to allow an accurate laboratory diagnosis. For viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), however, naked full-length viral RNA can itself be infectious. In order to assess the risk of infection from inactivated FMDV samples, two animal experiments were performed. In the first trial, six cattle were injected with FMDV RNA (isolate A<sub>22</sub>/IRQ/24/64) into the tongue epithelium. All animals developed clinical disease within two days and FMDV was reisolated from serum and saliva samples. In the second trial, another group of six cattle was exposed to FMDV RNA by instilling it on the tongue and spraying it into the nose. The animals were observed for 10 days after exposure. All animals remained clinically unremarkable and virus isolation as well as FMDV genome detection in serum and saliva were negative. No transfection reagent was used for any of the animal inoculations. In conclusion, cattle can be infected by injection with naked FMDV RNA, but not by non-invasive exposure to the RNA. Inactivated FMDV samples that contain full-length viral RNA carry only a negligible risk of infecting animals.
B cell development and immunoglobulin production are altered in the absence of IκBNS (109.4) (2012)

Abstract NF-κB transcription factors are key mediators of immune function as well as inflammatory responses. The activation of NF-κB is regulated by several IκB proteins, a family comprising classical cytoplasmic as well as nuclear IκBs. In this study, we focused on the role of IκBNS, a nuclear IκB protein, in B lymphocyte development and function. Analysis of lymphoid tissues from IκBNS knockout (KO) mice revealed that a lack of IκBNS affects the development of peritoneal B-1 cells and splenic marginal zone B cells. Development of B-2 cells was essentially normal. We also found that B cell proliferative activity and immunoglobulin production were altered in the absence of IκBNS. These defects were confirmed by the analysis of B cells in bone marrow chimeric mice constructed by the transfer of wild type or IκBNS KO bone marrow cells into B cell-deficient mice. Furthermore, histological analysis of spleens from chimeric mice revealed that re-constitution of B cell areas, marginal zones and germinal centers were markedly reduced in IκBNS KO cell recipient mice. Examination of the functions of IκBNS KO B cell subsets suggested that IκBNS is important for antibody production by both marginal zone and follicular B cells. These results indicate that IκBNS plays a key role in peripheral B cell development and function.
BAFS: Bundle Adjustment With Feature Scale Constraints for Enhanced Estimation Accuracy (2018)

We propose to incorporate within bundle adjustment (BA) a new type of constraint that uses feature scale information, leveraging the scale invariance property of typical image feature detectors (e.g., SIFT). While feature scales play an important role in image matching, they have not been utilized thus far for estimation purposes in a BA framework. Our approach exploits the already-available feature scale information and uses it to enhance the accuracy of BA, especially along the optical axis of the camera in a monocular setup. Importantly, the mentioned feature scale constraints can be formulated on a frame to frame basis and do not require loop closures. We study our approach in synthetic environments and the real-imagery KITTI dataset, demonstrating significant improvement in positioning error.
Advanced image-processing technique for real-time interpretation of ground-penetrating radar images (1998)

This work presents the development of an advanced image analysis technique capable of locating buried objects by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images. The technique requires only a small amount of operator intervention and is fast enough to provide quasi-engineering drawings in real time. The work is intended to simplify the interpretation of the complex pattern found in GPR images. A theoretical development of the method is presented. Results on synthetic and real images from different buried objects are presented, and errors < 7% on the object position are observed with laboratory test objects. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 9, 51–59, 1998
Non‐isothermal crystallization of Ziegler Natta i‐PP‐graphene nanocomposite: DSC and new model prediction (2020)

Abstract Crystallization occurs in processing i ‐PP‐GnP nanocomposites, and these nanocomposites have the potential to replace traditional fillers and be used to fabricate advanced materials and technology. Therefore, this subject was comprehensively investigated by applying a recent crystallization model, non‐isothermal DSC experiments, Raman spectroscopy, and WAXRD. The multi‐layer GnP‐induced nucleation and the crystal growth rates were modelled. The overall modelling effort generated new insights, results, and explanations. This study confirmed and elucidated, or refuted several published conclusions. It has also been reported that the present model can pursue differences in catalyst‐mediated i ‐PP backbone defects (stereo and regio) by simulating the relative crystallization profile and determining the crystallization kinetic triplet ( n , k o , and E a ). The multiple roles played by GnP were underscored, which exceed what the related literature currently reports. The Raman and XRD work revealed the interaction between GnP and i ‐PP. The shear‐induced dispersion of GnP that occurs during extrusion significantly affected i ‐PP crystal size distribution. The present approach can also assess the effects of catalyst type and structure, and backbone defect types and their distribution on the non‐isothermal crystallization of, in general, polyolefin blends and nanocomposites.
The uniqueness of the Practical Salinity Scale (1978): testing the scale with natural seawaters (1989)

The scale provides a precisely defined, unambiguous method that is universally applicable to all waters for determining the practical salinity from measurements of conductivity, temperature, and pressure. In the terminology of standards, it is highly desirable to have a scale that is also unique. The authors questioned whether measurements performed on a particular water sample at different temperatures would lead to the same value of practical salinity. They have investigated this problem by examining the behavior of natural seawaters from several oceans and conclude that the PSS provides a unique scale for salinity measurements for these waters within the bounds +or-0.001 in salinity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An index of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. (1992)

Quantification of disease severity was studied in 72 patients with ulcerative colitis, who had undergone total 85 clinical courses. We performed a multiple stepwise regression analysis, according to Truelove and Witts' classification, with disease severity as a dependent variable, and with 18 clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic parameters as independent variables. Results showed that disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis is significantly influenced by five factors, namely, bloody stool, bowel movements, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum albumin. The activity index (AI) developed for ulcerative colitis is expressed as follows: AI = 60 x blood stool + 13 x bowel movements + 0.5 x ESR - 4 x HB - 15 x albumin + 200. Index values below 150, values between 150 and 220, and values above 220 nearly corresponded to mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively, in Truelove and Witts' classification. We believe that the activity index is useful in evaluation of the effect of medical treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis. Its most important value will be in therapeutic trials.
Communication steps for parallel query processing (2013)

We consider the problem of computing a relational query q on a large input database of size n, using a large number p of servers. The computation is performed in rounds, and each server can receive only O(n/p1-ε) bits of data, where ε ∈[0,1] is a parameter that controls replication. We examine how many global communication steps are needed to compute q. We establish both lower and upper bounds, in two settings. For a single round of communication, we give lower bounds in the strongest possible model, where arbitrary bits may be exchanged; we show that any algorithm requires ε ≥ 1--1/τ*, where τ* is the fractional vertex cover of the hypergraph of q. We also give an algorithm that matches the lower bound for a specific class of databases. For multiple rounds of communication, we present lower bounds in a model where routing decisions for a tuple are tuple-based. We show that for the class of tree-like queries there exists a tradeoff between the number of rounds and the space exponent ε. The lower bounds for multiple rounds are the first of their kind. Our results also imply that transitive closure cannot be computed in O(1) rounds of communication.
Immune Cell-Type Specific Ablation of Adapter Protein ADAP Differentially Modulates EAE (2019)

The cytosolic adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein ADAP is expressed in various hematopoietic cells including T cells, NK cells, myeloid cells, and platelets but absent in mature B cells. The role of ADAP in T cell activation, proliferation and integrin activation is well-accepted. We previously demonstrated that conventional ADAP knockout mice show a significantly attenuated course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To dissect the impact of different ADAP expressing cell populations on the reduced EAE severity, here, we generated lineage-specific conditional knockout mice. ADAP was deleted in T cells, myeloid cells, NK cells and platelets, respectively. Specific loss of ADAP was confirmed on the protein level. Detailed immunophenotyping was performed to assess the consequence of deletion of ADAP with regard to the maturation and distribution of immune cells in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The analysis showed equivalent results as for conventional ADAP knockout mice: impaired thymocyte development in ADAP<sup>fl/fl</sup> Lck-Cre mice, normal NK cell and myeloid cell distribution in ADAP<sup>fl/fl</sup> NKp46-Cre mice and ADAP<sup>fl/fl</sup> LysM-Cre mice, respectively as well as thrombocytopenia in ADAP<sup>fl/fl</sup> PF4-Cre mice. Active EAE was induced in these animals by immunization with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein<sub>35-55</sub> peptide. The clinical course of EAE was significantly milder in mice with loss of ADAP in T cells, myeloid cells and NK cells compared to ADAP-sufficient control littermates. Surprisingly, specific deletion of ADAP in platelets resulted in a more exacerbated disease. These data show that T cell-independent as well as T cell-dependent mechanisms are responsible for the complex phenotype observed in conventional ADAP knockout mice.
The influence of MT-2 tropism on the prognostic implications of the Δ32 deletion in the CCR-5 gene (1997)

Disease progression may also occur in individuals with the coreceptor deficiency, especially in association with MT-2-positive HIV-1 strains. It is suggested that MT-2-positive HIV-1 enters cells through the CXC chemokine receptor-4 fusin coreceptor, thus circumventing the defective CC chemokine receptor-5 coreceptor. Various levels of expression of the wild-type CCR-5 gene and the gene with the delta32 deletion might explain variations in the disease progression in heterozygous patients with MT-2-negative HIV-1 strains.
Application of alternative developer solutions for EUV lithography (2020)

The application / effect of alternative developers for resist-based pattern defect mitigation was investigated. It was found that compared to the standard aqueous 0.26N TMAH developer solution, the same developer at lower concentration effectively improve the defect margin (indicated here in the form of a defect-sensitive exposure latitude (<i>EL<sub>X</sub></i>) and critical dimension margin (<i>CDM<sub>X</sub></i>) metric). Moreover, the existence of a developer concentration low limit, where <i>EL<sub>X</sub> </i>and <i>CDM<sub>X</sub></i> significantly decrease, was observed. Alternative developers TEAH, TPAH and TBAH, when adjusted to the most effective developer concentration were found to improve defect margin. These results show the advantages of pursuing optimal developer solutions in mitigating resist-based defects while maintaining lithographic performance.
Model of independent component analysis with reference curve and its application in removing artifact from electroencephalograph (2015)

This paper proposes a model named Independent Component Analysis with Reference Curve (ICARC) to extract and remove artifact signal from Electroencephalogram (EEG). Firstly, an additional requirement and a priori information are introduced directly into the contrast function of the traditional ICA model. Then, an augmented Lagrangian function is formed based on this new model. Finally, the iterative solution is calculated by using the Newton iterative method. The simulations and experiments are implemented to indicate the performance of our model comparing with other method. The results show that: 1) more stable results are given by our model; 2) higher precision is obtained in the results by the ICARC model.