gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multifunctional metal–organic framework based tumor targeting drug delivery system for cancer therapy (2015)

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) with biocompatibility and precise drug delivery are eagerly needed to overcome the paradox in chemotherapy that high drug doses are required to compensate for the poor biodistribution of drugs with frequent dose-related side effects. In this work, we reported a metal-organic framework (MOF) based tumor targeting DDS developed by a one-pot, and organic solvent-free "green" post-synthetic surface modification procedure, starting from the nanoscale MOF MIL-101. Owing to the multifunctional surface coating, premature drug release from this DDS was prevented. Due to the pH responsive benzoic imine bond and the redox responsive disulfide bond at the modified surface, this DDS exhibited tumor acid environment enhanced cellular uptake and intracellular reducing environment triggered drug release. In vitro and in vivo results showed that DOX loaded into this DDS exhibited effective cancer cell inhibition with much reduced side effects.
Impact of Max-Min Power Control, Channel Estimation and User Grouping Strategies on Uplink Massive MIMO-NOMA Systems (2021)

We analyze the uplink (UL) of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system and deduce new lower bounds on the achievable rate based on zero-forcing (ZF) decoding at the base station. Users are grouped to employ NOMA. In order to cancel the inter-group interference, the ZF decoder is designed as a function of channel estimates acquired based on two low overhead channel estimation schemes, namely, Scheme-I and Scheme-S. Under these estimation schemes, pilots are shared among users in a group while they are orthogonal across groups. User grouping and power allocation are two pivotal ways to regulate the performance of users in a NOMA system. Thus, to ensure uniform quality-of-service to all users, we obtain the max-min power control coefficients which maximize the minimum achievable rate. Furthermore, we investigate two different user grouping strategies, namely, non-scalable near-far grouping and scalable neighbor grouping, and study their impact on the UL max-min achievable rate. We benchmark against the performance obtained with the maximum ratio decoder. Extensive analysis and simulations show that in a substantial portion of the over-loaded regime and the entire under-loaded regime, ZF decoder designed using channel estimates acquired via Scheme-S with near-far grouping gives the highest max-min achievable rate among all the considered decoding and grouping strategies.
OLED-on-CMOS integration for optoelectronic sensor applications (2007)

Highly-efficient, low-voltage organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are well suitable for post-processing integration onto the top metal layer of CMOS devices. This has been proven for OLED microdisplays so far. Moreover, OLEDon- CMOS technology may also be excellently suitable for various optoelectronic sensor applications by combining highly efficient emitters, use of low-cost materials and cost-effective manufacturing together with silicon-inherent photodetectors and CMOS circuitry. The use of OLEDs on CMOS substrates requires a top-emitting, low-voltage and highly efficient OLED structure. By reducing the operating voltage for the OLED below 5V, the costs for the CMOS process can be reduced, because a process without high-voltage option can be used. Red, orange, white, green and blue OLED-stacks with doped charge transport layers were prepared on different dualmetal layer CMOS test substrates without active transistor area. Afterwards, the different devices were measured and compared with respect to their performance (current, luminance, voltage, luminance dependence on viewing angle, optical outcoupling etc.). Low operating voltages of 2.4V at 100cd/m<sup>2</sup> for the red p-i-n type phosphorescent emitting OLED stack, 2.5V at 100cd/m<sup>2</sup> for the orange phosphorescent emitting OLED stack and 3.2V at 100cd/m<sup>2</sup> for the white fluorescent emitting OLED have been achieved here. Therefore, those OLED stacks are suitable for use in a CMOS process even within a regular 5V process option. Moreover, the operating voltage achieved so far is expected to be reduced further when using different top electrode materials. Integrating such OLEDs on a CMOS-substrate provide a preferable choice for silicon-based optical microsystems targeted towards optoelectronic sensor applications, as there are integrated light barriers, optocouplers, or lab-onchip devices.
A set-membership approach to find and track multiple targets using a fleet of UAVs (2018)

This paper presents a set-membership approach for the coordinated control of a fleet of UAVs aiming to search and track an a priori unknown number of targets spread over some delimited geographical area. The originality of the approach lies in the description of the perturbations and measurement uncertainties via bounded sets. A set-membership approach is used to address the localization and tracking problem. At each time step, sets guaranteed to contain the actual state of already localized targets are provided. A set containing the states of targets still to be discovered is also evaluated. These sets are then used to evaluate the control input to apply to the UAVs so as to minimize the estimation uncertainty at the next time step. Simulations considering several UAVs show that the proposed set-membership estimator and the associated control input optimization are able to provide good localization and tracking performance for multiple targets.
CLASSIFIED Ads (2004)

Career o p p o rtu n itie s fr o m across the countryD e a d lin e s : Orders for regular classified advertisem ents m ust reach the ACRL office on or before the second of the month preceding publication of the issue (e.g., September 2 for the O ctober issue).
Simultaneous stabilization of the frequency and power of an AlGaAs semiconductor laser by use of the optogalvanic effect of krypton (1983)

The frequency of an AlGaAs semiconductor laser operated in the 0.77 μm region has been locked to the optogalvanic signal of Kr I at 7694.5401 Å. By use of a feedback loop to the injection current source, the frequency stability of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5.3 \times 10^{-11}</tex> has been obtained for the 1 s averaging time and of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.5 \times 10^{-11}</tex> for 240 s. The output power and frequency have been simultaneously stabilized by a combined use of feedback loops to the temperature controller and the injection current source. The drift of the power level for 20 min has been less than 1 μW under the frequency-stabilized condition. The power level adjustability at the frequency-locked state has been discussed. The shift of the laser frequency caused by the power level control has been found to be within 2 MHz in the power dynamic range over 0.7-1.6 mW.
Prevention of Analytical False-Positive Increases of Cardiac Troponin I on the Stratus II Analyzer (1997)

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of myocardial injury (1)(2), and cTnI now challenges creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) as the optimal marker for acute myocardial infarction (3)(4). The Stratus II batch analyzer (Dade International, Miami, FL) uses monoclonal anti-cTnI antibodies immobilized on a glass fiber support for the measurement of serum or plasma cTnI. During the course of clinical evaluations and implementation of cTnI testing on the Stratus II, we noted occasional falsely high results on serum specimens that were found to be either within the reference interval or below the detection limit upon reanalysis. It appeared that incomplete clotting of the specimen contributed to false-positive cTnI values. This letter describes our efforts to eliminate these analytical false-positive cTnI results.

Results for cTnI on 20 serum specimens (2.2%) from >900 patient specimens tested over 3 months were challenged by clinicians as false positives, with values ranging …
Myocardial adaptation of energy metabolism to elevated preload depends on calcineurin activity (2008)

Chronic hemodynamic overload on the heart results in pathological myocardial hypertrophy, eventually followed by heart failure. Phosphatase calcineurin is a crucial mediator of this response. Little is known, however, about the role of calcineurin in response to acute alterations in loading conditions of the heart, where it could be mediating beneficial adaptational processes. We therefore analyzed proteome changes following a short-term increase in preload in rabbit myocardium in the absence or presence of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A. Rabbit right ventricular isolated papillary muscles were cultivated in a muscle chamber system under physiological conditions and remained either completely unloaded or were stretched to a preload of 3 mN/mm(2), while performing isotonic contractions (zero afterload). After 6 h, proteome changes were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ESI-MS/MS. We identified 28 proteins that were upregulated by preload compared to the unloaded group (at least 1.75-fold regulation, all P < 0.05). Specifically, mechanical load upregulated a variety of enzymes involved in energy metabolism (i.e., aconitase, pyruvate kinase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, ATP synthase alpha chain, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase). Cyclosporine A treatment (1 micromol/l) abolished the preload-induced upregulation of these proteins. We demonstrate for the first time that an acute increase in the myocardial preload causes upregulation of metabolic enzymes, thereby increasing the capacity of the myocardium to generate ATP production. This short-term adaptation to enhanced mechanical load appears to critically depend on calcineurin phosphatase activity.
中国的真实增长：不是神话，不是奇迹 (2006)

【美国《华尔街日报》9月21日】如果你想了解外部世界是如何看待中国经济的，最好去考察一下跨国公司的管理人士普遍在读什么书。最近一、两年，他们的读物中一些有关中国大陆商业环境的书很有煽动性。
Florenciella parvula gen. et sp. nov. (Dictyochophyceae, Heterokontophyta), a small flagellate isolated from the English Channel (2004)

Florenciella parvula (Dictyochophyceae) was isolated from the English Channel in December 2000. In general the cells are spherical, measure 3–6 μm and have two markedly unequal flagella as well as two yellow-brown chloroplasts. The long hairy flagellum pulls the cells through the water and the short flagellum is acronematic. Their morphology and fine structure indicate a close relationship with the Heterokonts. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene clearly places F. parvula within the class Dictyochophyceae and more precisely the order Dictyochales, despite the absence of the external skeleton characteristic of this order. The pigment suite consists of chlorophylls a, c2, c3, 19′ butanoyloxy-fucoxanthin, fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and β-carotene. This pigment composition is typical of the class Pelagophyceae.
Observation of Hysteretic Transport due to Dynamic Nuclear Spin Polarization in a GaAs Lateral Double Quantum Dot (2011)

We report a new transport feature in a GaAs lateral double quantum dot that emerges for magnetic-field sweeps and shows hysteresis due to dynamic nuclear spin polarization (DNP). This DNP signal appears in the Coulomb blockade regime by virtue of the finite interdot tunnel coupling and originates from the crossing between ground levels of the spin triplet and singlet extensively used for nuclear spin manipulations in pulsed-gate experiments. The magnetic-field dependence of the current level is suggestive of unbalanced DNP between the two dots, which opens up the possibility of controlling electron and nuclear spin states via dc transport.
D-ring modified paclitaxel analogues and approaches towards 1,7-dideoxypaclitaxel analogues from taxine (2002)

Paclitaxel (Taxol©) is one of the most effective anticancer agents known to man to date. It acts by binding to microtubules, threadlike structures that are essential for nuclear division, thereby causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Paclitaxel derivatives were prepared from taxine, a mixture of alkaloids easily obtained from dried leaves of the European yew, Taxus baccata, in yields up to 10 g/kg of dried leaves. To study the importance of the oxetane D-ring on paclitaxel for cytotoxic activity, D-ring modified paclitaxel derivatives were prepared that either contained no D-ring or a non-oxetane small D-ring. The low biological activities of the paclitaxel derivatives synthesised led us to propose that the oxetane ring is important for cytotoxic activity because of the presence of the oxetane ring oxygen atom. This oxygen atom probably engages in a stabilising interaction with the microtubule upon binding of paclitaxel. Approaches to prepare 1,7-dideoxypaclitaxel derivatives started from 1-deoxytaxine B. This compound is present in minor amounts in the crude extract of T. baccata leaves. Due to the small amounts of starting material available, 1-deoxytaxine B was only converted to a 13-dehydrobaccatin III derivative. This compound can, however, be converted to 1,7-dideoxypaclitaxel derivatives in a few steps.
Polyglutamines-versatile biodegradable carriers (1985)

Biodegradation of homopolymers, poly-α-[Nγ-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine] and poly-α-[Nγ-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine], and of copolymers, poly-α-[Nγ-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine-co-L-phenylalanine] with 3.7, 5.6, and 10.2 mol-% of Phe units was studied in vitro using pronase E, chymotrypsin A4 and extracts from native tissues. Gel permeation chromatography was used for evaluating the molecular-weight distribution of the original and partially degraded polymers. Homopolymers of Nγ-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-L-glutamines are biodegradable in the main chain by pronase as well as by native tissue extracts, yielding low-molecular-weight products. Although chymotrypsin does not catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the homopolymers, incorporation of phenylalanine units in the main chain by copolymerization renders the copolymer degradable by this enzyme, most probably in phenylalanyl-glutamine bonds.
Prediction of False-Positive Recognition Errors During Wada Testing (2006)

False-positive (FP) errors during recognition memory testing often interfere with interpretation of Wada test results. This study examined which clinical and neuropsychological variables provide the best prediction of these errors. Fifty-six patients completed the Wada test and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Subjects with three or more FP errors on the recognition trials of the CVLT were nearly twice as likely to exhibit FP responding during the Wada test. Further analysis indicates that FP errors during the Wada test appear to be the primary result of a stable and liberal response-bias rather than a result of any other neurological or procedure-related factor.
Measuring auditory spatial perception in realistic environments (2017)

While much is known about how well listeners can locate single sound sources under ideal conditions, it remains unclear how this ability relates to the more complex task of spatially analyzing realistic acoustic environments. There are many challenges in measuring spatial perception in realistic environments, including generating simulations that offer a level of experimental control, dealing with the presence of energetic and informational masking, and designing meaningful behavioral tasks. In this work we explored a new method to measure spatial perception in one realistic environment. A large reverberant room was simulated using a loudspeaker array in an anechoic chamber. Within this room, 96 different “scenes” were generated, comprising 1-6 concurrent talkers seated at different tables. Listeners were presented with 45-sec samples of each scene, and were required to count, locate, and identify the gender of all talkers, using a touchscreen interface. Young listeners with normal hearing were able to reliably analyze scenes with up to four simultaneous talkers, while older listeners with hearing loss demonstrated errors even with two talkers at a time. Localization accuracy for detected talkers, as measured by this approach, was sensitive both to the complexity of the scene and to the listener’s degree of hearing loss.
A neural-network-based adaptive tracking controller design for a class of nonlinear systems (2004)

A direct adaptive neural network controller is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems. The only restriction for the plant is that the input-output gain has to be strictly monotonic. An artificial neural network is adapted to identify the inverse mapping between the input and the desired state differential. By incorporating sliding mode control dynamics into this mapping, the output of this neural network is used as a direct tracking command. A compensator is added to prevent system dynamics from staying outside the desired range. Under the assumption that a neural network can represent the nonlinear mapping to a chosen degree of accuracy, the algorithm is proven to be globally stable, with tracking errors converging to a neighborhood of zero. A stable weight adjustment mechanism is determined in terms of Lyapunov theory. A simulation is performed to validate the proposed adaptive control scheme.
Auto-Injection of the Corpus Cavernosum with a Vasoactive Drug Combination for Vasculogenic Impotence (1985)

Intracavernous injection of papaverine hydrochloride with phentolamine mesylate rapidly produces transitory penile tumescence, which can be followed by erection and coitus provided there is sexual stimulation. Coital penetration was possible in 59 of 62 patients with impotence of divers etiologies (vascular, diabetic, iatrogenic and Peyronie's disease) who underwent injection and were sent home to attempt coitus. One patient had a prolonged erection that was treated successfully with aspiration of a corpus. When coitus was successful the patient was offered training in self-injection. With self-injection 18 patients have had satisfactory coitus without a noteworthy complication; 5 for more than 12 months. The long-term effects of intracavernous injections remain unknown. Intracavernous injection of vasoactive substances (chemical prosthesis) may become a useful alternative treatment. Administration should be restricted to urologists able to manage the possible complication of priapism.
Dental Treatment of a Patient with Cerebral Palsy under General Anesthesia (2008)

Dental Treatment of a Patient with Cerebral Palsy under General Anesthesia Jun-Min Chung, D.D.S., Kwang-Suk Seo, M.D., Young-Eun Yi, D.D.S., Hee-Jung Han*, R.N., Jin-Hee Han*, R.N., Hye-Jung Kim*, R.N., Teo-Jeon Shin, M.D., Hyun-Jeong Kim, M.D., Kwang-Won Yum, M.D., and Juhe Chang, D.D.S. Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, *Department of Dental Anesthesiology, † Clinic for Persons with Disabilities, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is non-progressive disorder of motion and posture. In CP patient, there are difficulties in dental treatment because of uncontrolled movement of limb and head, and conjoined disabilities such as cognitive impairment, sensory loss, seizures, communication and behavioral disturbances. It is reported that CP patients have high incidence in caries and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. But, despite the need for oro-dental care, these patients often are unlikely to receive adequate treatment without sedation or general anesthesia because of uncontrolled movements of the trunk or head. Methods: We reviewed the 58 cases of 56 patients with CP who underwent outpatient general anesthesia for dental treatment at the clinic for the disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The mean age was 19 (2-54) years. The number of male patient was 40 and that of female was 18. They all had severe spastic cerebral palsy and 22 had sever mental retardation, 15 epilepsy, 8 organic brain disorder, 1 blindness, 2 deafness and cleft palate. For anesthesia induction, 14 cases was needed physical restriction who had sever mental retardation and cooperation difficulty, but 44 cases showed good or moderate cooperation. Drugs used for anesthesia induction were thiopental (37 cases), sevoflurane (14 cases), ketamine (3 cases ) and propofol (4 cases). All patients except one were done nasotracheal intubation for airway management and 4 cases were needed difficult airway management and 1 patient already had tracheostomy tube. Mean total anesthetic time was 174 ± 56 min and staying time at PACU was 88 ± 39 min. There was no death or long term hospitalization because of severe complications. Conclusion: If general anesthesia is needed, pertinent diagnostic tests and workup about anomaly, and appropriate anesthetic planning are essential for safety. (JKDSA 2008; 8: 22~28) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏
Dropout Training as Adaptive Regularization (2013)

Dropout and other feature noising schemes control overfitting by artificially corrupting the training data. For generalized linear models, dropout performs a form of adaptive regularization. Using this viewpoint, we show that the dropout regularizer is first-order equivalent to an L2 regularizer applied after scaling the features by an estimate of the inverse diagonal Fisher information matrix. We also establish a connection to AdaGrad, an online learning algorithm, and find that a close relative of AdaGrad operates by repeatedly solving linear dropout-regularized problems. By casting dropout as regularization, we develop a natural semi-supervised algorithm that uses unlabeled data to create a better adaptive regularizer. We apply this idea to document classification tasks, and show that it consistently boosts the performance of dropout training, improving on state-of-the-art results on the IMDB reviews dataset.
Genome-wide Analysis of Iron-dependent Growth Reveals a Novel Yeast Gene Required for Vacuolar Acidification (2004)

We conducted a genome-wide screen in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 4,792 homozygous diploid deletions to identify genes that function in iron metabolism. Strains unable to grow on iron-restricted medium contained deletions of genes that encode the structural components of the high affinity iron transport system (FET3, FTR1), the iron-sensing transcription factor AFT1 or genes required for the assembly of the transport system. We also identified genes that were not previously known to play a role in iron metabolism. Deletion of the gene CWH36 resulted in a severe growth defect on iron-limited medium, as well as increased sensitivity to Congo red and calcofluor white. Iron transport studies demonstrated that Deltacwh36 cells have an inability to copper load apoFet3p. Furthermore, Deltacwh36 cells demonstrated additional phenotypes including distorted vacuole morphology and altered kinetics of FM4-64 trafficking. We show that Deltacwh36 cells have a defect in vacuolar acidification through the use of the pH-sensitive dye LysoSensor Green DND-189. In Deltacwh36 cells, the vacuolar H+-ATPase is not assembled and there are reduced levels of at least one subunit of the V0 complex. The open reading frame responsible for the Deltacwh36 phenotypes is YCL005W-A. This gene contains two introns, has homologues in other Saccharomyces strains, and shows weak homology to a component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase found in organisms as diverse as insect and cow.