gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An upper bound on bit error rate for a single user of a two-user system as a function of the interfering user's signal strength (2002)

Many communication systems are characterized by two or more users transmitting simultaneously while only one user's message is of interest. To achieve optimum performance through such systems, we must understand the limitations imposed by the interfering users. We consider the problem of detecting a single user's signal transmitted through a dispersive channel in the presence of a second user. Our goals are to determine the conditions under which the performance is optimum as well as bounds on performance in the presence of the unknown interferer. We begin by describing the binary sequence detection problem and present maximum likelihood sequence estimation, which can be efficiently implemented by the Viterbi algorithm, as an optimum solution. Next, we formulate the problem mathematically and define a metric used to characterize the system performance. We then derive a simple but robust upper bound on performance using a recursive search that minimizes the performance metric with respect to the strength of the interfering user's signal.
Cryptococcosis in sarcoidosis: cryptOsarc, a comparative study of 18 cases (2013)

Cryptococcosis is a significant opportunistic infection during extra-thoracic sarcoidosis, which occurs in one-third of the cases in patients without any treatment; it is not associated to severe CD4 lymphocytopenia and has a good prognosis.
Molecular composition and ultrastructure of Jurassic paravian feathers (2015)

Feathers are amongst the most complex epidermal structures known, and they have a well-documented evolutionary trajectory across non-avian dinosaurs and basal birds. Moreover, melanosome-like microbodies preserved in association with fossil plumage have been used to reconstruct original colour, behaviour and physiology. However, these putative ancient melanosomes might alternatively represent microorganismal residues, a conflicting interpretation compounded by a lack of unambiguous chemical data. We therefore used sensitive molecular imaging, supported by multiple independent analytical tests, to demonstrate that the filamentous epidermal appendages in a new specimen of the Jurassic paravian Anchiornis comprise remnant eumelanosomes and fibril-like microstructures, preserved as endogenous eumelanin and authigenic calcium phosphate. These results provide novel insights into the early evolution of feathers at the sub-cellular level, and unequivocally determine that melanosomes can be preserved in fossil feathers.
Beam-Aware Cross-Layer DRX Design for 5G Millimeter Wave Communication System (2020)

In the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system, the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) is indispensable to user equipment (UE) to support evolved technologies. However, the directionality of wireless links, especially in millimeter wave bands, leads the existing DRX mechanism to unnecessary power consumption. In this paper, we first identify the problems of beam pattern mismatching. Then, we proposed a dynamic beam-aware DRX mechanism, which could be applied along with dynamic mmWave beam configuration. The proposed framework jointly optimizes beam-aware DRX operation and dynamic mmWave beam configuration for better energy efficiency. A semi-Markov model is proposed to evaluate a UE sleeping ratio and packet delay. The simulation validates the proposed model. Compared to the baseline 5G NR DRX operation, the proposed scheme achieves 41.6% improvement in the sleep ratio without sacrificing the packet delivery latency performance.
Interactive Implants: Ethical, legal and social implications (2018)

Abstract The use of intelligent implants and prostheses offers significant advances for optimizing medical treatment methods and is combined with an increasing technological modification of human body. This raises many exciting questions concerning law, ethics and social implications: Does the use of these techniques stay in line with our legal system and if yes, can the technical use be limited by governmental restrictions under certain conditions? Have moral values to be incorporated into technical artifacts? If machines are recreated from human beings, do they have to be provided with a legal subjectivity? Medical devices must be compatible with a high level of protection of health and safety. Therefore challenges, which are consequences of the indeterminate behaviour and the autonomous learning abilities of artificial intelligence, have to be faced. For avoidance of any hazards for legally protected rights medical product manufacturers have to assume legal duties, which affect construction, instruction and product development. For medical professionals there are also liabilities of maintenance measures and technical control that have to be accomplished. Associated with the use of intelligent medical devices is the processing of personal data on health. Health data have a high potential for misuse and discrimination and therefore they’re in need of special protection, particularly with regard to the development of “Big Data”, “Ubiquitous computing”, “Internet of Things” and constantly increasing cybercrime. If damages are suffered from the use of intelligent medical devices, difficulties in determining infringing acts, causality and culpability occur, especially because of the missing view into the technical progress of decision-making. It has to be explored, if the current liability law is able to assign responsibility adequately, otherwise there has to be found an appropriate concept for liability.
Radical Cation Cyclopropanations via Chromium Photooxidative Catalysis (2017)

The chromium photocatalyzed cyclopropanation of diazo reagents with electron-rich alkenes is described. The transformation occurs under mild conditions and features specific distinctions from traditional diazo-based cyclopropanations (e.g., avoiding β-hydride elimination, chemoselectivity considerations, etc.). The reaction appears to work most effectively using chromium catalysis, and a number of decorated cyclopropanes can be accessed in generally good yields.
Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Produced from Vegetable Oil Based Polyurethane and Poly(methyl methacrylate) (2008)

Sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were prepared using polyurethane produced from a canola oil based polyol with primary terminal functional groups and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The properties of the material were studied and compared to the IPNs made from commercial castor oil using dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, as well as tensile measurements. The morphology of the IPNs was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical diversity of the starting materials allowed the evaluation of the effects of dangling chains and graftings on the properties of the IPNs. The polymerization process of canola oil based IPNs was accelerated because of the utilization of polyol with primary functional groups, which efficiently lessened the effect of dangling chains and yielded a higher degree of phase mixing. The mechanical properties of canola oil based IPNs containing more than 75 wt % PMMA were comparable to the corresponding castor oil based IPNs; both were superior to those of the constituent polymers due to the finely divided rubber and plastic combination structures in these IPNs. However, when PMMA content was less than 65 wt %, canola oil based IPNs exhibited a typical mechanical behavior of rigid plastics, whereas castor oil based IPNs showed a typical mechanical behavior of soft rubber. It is proposed that these new IPN materials with high performance prepared from alternative renewable resources can prove to be valuable substitutes for existing materials in various applications.
Exploiting X.509 Certificate and Multi-agent System Architecture for Role-Based Access Control and Authentication Management (2007)

This paper proposes the design of multi-user authentication in the multi-application based environment and role-based access control by using PKI Authentication and X.509 privilege management infrastructure (PMI). A binding model of RBAC authorization based on attribute certificate (AC) and public key certificate (PKC) is presented. Especially, the way of attribute mapping between PKC, bridge AC, and role AC is illustrated. In addition, the activity-based policy enforcement is introduced to make the system respond to malicious activities more appropriately. At a core, the multi agent system approach is applied to automate the flexible and effective management of user authentication, role delegation as well as system accountability. Finally, we reported our ongoing implementation status and demonstrated that our proposed model is a potential solution to support strong authentication and dynamic authorization in the multi-user and multi-application environment.
<p>Risk factors associated with fatigue in chronic hepatitis B patients</p> (2019)

In this study, we found that the fatigue dimensions of chronic hepatitis B patients differed between various subpopulations. Height and regular exercise habits were the independent factors that affected the patients' fatigue levels. Moreover, HRQoL was correlated with fatigue level. For patients with risk factors of fatigue, target intervention is advised in order to decrease fatigue and increase HRQoL.
TU‐C‐BRB‐01: Errors — Why They Occur, How to Minimize Them (Part I) (2007)

Errors — Why They Occur, How to Minimize Them is a 2‐day symposium focused on quality of treatment in medical physics and the challenges associated with actual clinical operations. Three presentations will be given on each day of the symposium. This abstract describes the Day 1 presentations. The first presentation in this session provides an overview of the 2‐day symposium. It includes a summary of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis as well as other process oriented quality tools. The second presentation will examine potential errors in terms of scenarios, pathways of occurrence, and dosimetry. The goal is to prioritize error prevention according to likelihood of events and their dosimetric impact. The identification and prioritization of potential errors according to frequency and dosimetric impact will be discussed. As record and verify systems become more automated; more accurate and efficient data transfer will occur, hopefully reducing paths of certain errors, but potentially introducing new paths if systematic checks are not introduced. The final presentation in this session will be in the form of a case study of three incidents: Glasgow, Epinal, and another centre. Each incident will be described. The quality of the investigations following each incident will be discussed. Finally, the major root causes will be elucidated along with the relevance of lessons learnt from each incident. Presentation 1 Introduction: why errors occur and methods to how them . Presentation 2 Pathways and dosimetric impact of errors in radiation oncology . Presentation 3 Case studies in radiotherapy errors .
Conditional knockdown of integrin beta-3 reveals its involvement in osteolytic and soft tissue lesions of breast cancer skeletal metastasis (2020)

Integrin β3 (ITGB3) is probably related to skeletal metastasis, which is the most frequent complication in breast cancer progression. We aimed to define its role and suitability as target for anti-metastatic therapy. We generated two MDA-MB-231 cell clones with conditional miRNA-mediated ITGB3 knockdown for analyzing the resulting effects in vitro regarding mRNA expression, proliferation and migration, as well the impact on skeletal metastasis in a nude rat model. Furthermore, ITGB3 levels were analyzed in exosomes from plasma of rats with skeletal metastases, and from MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with these vesicles, as well as from exosomes secreted by cells with conditional ITGB3 knockdown. This inhibition of ITGB3 expression decreased cellular proliferation and more distinctly inhibited cellular migration. Reduction and even complete remissions of respective soft tissue and osteolytic lesions were detected after ITGB3 knockdown in vivo. Furthermore, ITGB3 levels were increased in exosomes isolated from plasma of rats harboring MDA-MB-231 lesions as well as in respective cells incubated with these vesicles in vitro. ITGB3 was distinctly decreased in exosomes from cells with ITGB3 knockdown. The observed in vitro and in vivo anti-ITGB3 effects can be explained by downregulation of specific genes, which have roles in angiogenesis (NPTN, RRM2), tumor growth (NPTN), energy metabolism (ISCA1), cytokinesis (SEPT11), migration (RRM2, STX6), cell proliferation, invasiveness, senescence, tumorigenesis (RRM2) and vesicle trafficking (SEPT11, STX6). ITGB3 has a role in breast cancer skeletal metastasis via gene expression modulation, as mirrored for ITGB3 in exosomes, thus it could serve as target for anti-metastatic therapy.
Emotional Contagion System By Perceiving Human Emotion Based on Physiological Signals (2018)

The various wearable equipment enables the robot to measure some people emotional analysis by physiological signals. In our research, we present one emotional contagion system which could develop robotic emotion based on human interactive emotion. First, we research the physiological emotion recognition as the robotic sensory generation. Second, this paper considers the influence of the sensory on perception generation and establishes a tensor representing the real-time perception. Finally, based on previous work, we establish the emotional transition model for generating the robotic emotion and considering the correlation between the previous perception and emotion for cognitive and emotional continuity. In experiment part, we invited six postgraduates wrapping the wearable strap to watch 40 kinds of affective videos. We recorded their physiological signals while be transferring to the robot synchronously. We find emotional contagion system could have the superior performance with whatever is single user's interactive situation or multi-users' one.
Delayed transmission/reflection ratiometric reflectometry (2009)

A new Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) optical fiber interrogation system for distributed Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), designated as Delayed Transmission/Reflection Ratiometric Reflectometry (DT3R), is presented. The Bragg wavelength shift of FBG, which varies according to temperature or strain, is estimated as the ratio of transmittance and reflectance of a slope filter, to which the reflected light from the FBGs is input. To obtain both simultaneously using a single detector, a definite propagation delay is given to either transmission or reflection path, both of which are added to each other and detected using a common photodiode. The reflection impulse response of the FBGs is analyzed using OTDR based on Pseudo-random Noise code (PN) correlation scheme. The hardware structure of an interrogator is simple, resulting in low cost. The FBG topology is a "bus": multiple FBGs branch from the through line started from the interrogator. Each FBG is distinguished by its time of flight between the interrogator and the FBG. Because of these schemes, the FBGs can all be identical. A breakdown of any FBGs has no effect on the other sensors; moreover, "hot swapping" is possible. Experimental evaluation results are presented herein.
A Case-Control Study of Running Injuries: Comparison of Patterns of Runners With and Without Running Injuries (1986)

It has been reported that 70% of runners suffer from injuries at some time during their running career, and that the majority of these injuries tend to be recurrent. With over 40 million people in the U.S. currently running, an understanding of epidemiological factors relating to running injuries may prove useful for early recognition and prevention of potential problems. This study surveyed 250 runners to determine the prevalence and patterns of running injuries; 62% of the sample reported having pain of injuries related to running. Runners were divided into two groups based on whether they reported pain or injuries related to running in the last 2 years (cases), or were totally asymptomatic (controls). The two groups were compared for years run, miles run per week, stretching time, involvement in other sports, involvement in strength training, and type of running shoes worn. The cases ran slightly more miles, spent less time doing supplemental strengthening, and were less involved in other sports. The cases spent more time stretching, but had a higher proportion of "nonstretchers." There was also a higher proportion of females among the cases. The main limitation of the study was the sample size. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1986;8(2):81-84.
Evaluation of a Novel Ambient Light Survey Question in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 (2023)

Nighttime light exposure may increase cancer risk by disrupting the circadian system. However, there is no well-established survey method for measuring ambient light. In the Cancer Prevention Study-3, 732 men and women answered a light survey based on seven environments. The light environment in the past year was assessed twice, one year apart, and four one-week diaries were collected between the annual surveys. A total of 170 participants wore a meter to measure photopic illuminance and circadian stimulus (CS). Illuminance and CS values were estimated for lighting environments from measured values and evaluated with a cross validation approach. The kappas for self-reported light environment comparing the two annual surveys were 0.61 on workdays and 0.49 on non-workdays. Kappas comparing the annual survey to weekly diaries were 0.71 and 0.57 for work and non-workdays, respectively. Agreement was highest for reporting of darkness (95.3%), non-residential light (86.5%), and household light (75.6%) on workdays. Measured illuminance and CS identified three peaks of light (darkness, indoor lighting, and outdoor daytime light). Estimated illuminance and CS were correlated with the measured values overall (r = 0.77 and r = 0.67, respectively) but were less correlated within each light environment (r = 0.23-0.43). The survey has good validity to assess ambient light for studies of human health.
Inhibition of gastrointestinal lipolysis by Orlistat during digestion of test meals in healthy volunteers (2001)

The inhibition of digestive lipases by the antiobesity drug Orlistat along with lipolysis levels and fecal fat excretion were measured in healthy humans. Orlistat was found to be a powerful gastric lipase inhibitor, achieving 46.6--91.4% enzyme inhibition and thus greatly reducing gastric lipolysis of solid and liquid meals (11--33% of respective controls). Gastric lipase inhibition by Orlistat was extremely fast (half-inhibition time < 1 min). Duodenal lipolysis was reduced significantly by Orlistat given with the solid meal (32.6--37.6% of controls) but was only slightly reduced by Orlistat given with the liquid meal (74.5--100% of controls). Human pancreatic lipase (HPL) inhibition was found to be high (51.2--82.6%), however, regardless of the meal. These paradoxical results were explained when in vitro lipolysis experiments were performed. The rates of HPL inhibition by Orlistat were found to be similar with both types of meals (half-inhibition time 5--6 min), but the preemulsified triglycerides of the liquid meal were rapidly hydrolyzed by HPL before the enzyme was significantly inhibited by Orlistat. With the solid meal, the rate of hydrolysis of the meal triglycerides by HPL was slower than the rate of HPL inhibition by Orlistat. As predicted from the previous results, the effects of Orlistat on fat excretion levels were found to be much greater with the solid (40.5--57.4% of ingested fat) than with the liquid (4.2--18.8%) test meal.
Rab27a Regulates Exocytosis of Tertiary and Specific Granules in Human Neutrophils (2008)

The correct mobilization of cytoplasmic granules is essential for the proper functioning of human neutrophils in host defense and inflammation. In this study, we have found that human peripheral blood neutrophils expressed high levels of Rab27a, whereas Rab27b expression was much lower. This indicates that Rab27a is the predominant Rab27 isoform present in human neutrophils. Rab27a was up-regulated during neutrophil differentiation of HL-60 cells. Subcellular fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy studies of resting human neutrophils showed that Rab27a was mainly located in the membranes of specific and gelatinase-enriched tertiary granules, with a minor localization in azurophil granules. Rab27a was largely absent from CD35-enriched secretory vesicles. Tertiary and specific granule-located Rab27a population was translocated to the cell surface upon neutrophil activation with PMA that induced exocytosis of both tertiary and specific granules. Specific Abs against Rab27a inhibited Ca(2+) and GTP-gamma-S activation and PMA-induced exocytosis of CD66b-enriched tertiary and specific granules in electropermeabilized neutrophils, whereas secretion of CD63-enriched azurophil granules was scarcely affected. Human neutrophils lacked or expressed low levels of most Slp/Slac2 proteins, putative Rab27 effectors, suggesting that additional proteins should act as Rab27a effectors in human neutrophils. Our data indicate that Rab27a is a major component of the exocytic machinery of human neutrophils, modulating the secretion of tertiary and specific granules that are readily mobilized upon neutrophil activation.
Modelling natural and artificial hands with synergies (2011)

We report on recent work in modelling the process of grasping and active touch by natural and artificial hands. Starting from observations made in human hands about the correlation of degrees of freedom in patterns of more frequent use (postural synergies), we consider the implications of a geometrical model accounting for such data, which is applicable to the pre-grasping phase occurring when shaping the hand before actual contact with the grasped object. To extend applicability of the synergy model to study force distribution in the actual grasp, we introduce a modified model including the mechanical compliance of the hand's musculotendinous system. Numerical results obtained by this model indicate that the same principal synergies observed from pre-grasp postural data are also fundamental in achieving proper grasp force distribution. To illustrate the concept of synergies in the dual domain of haptic sensing, we provide a review of models of how the complexity and heterogeneity of sensory information from touch can be harnessed in simplified, tractable abstractions. These abstractions are amenable to fast processing to enable quick reflexes as well as elaboration of high-level percepts. Applications of the synergy model to the design and control of artificial hands and tactile sensors are illustrated.