gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On to the next chapter for crop breeding: Convergence with data science (2020)

Abstract Crop breeding is as ancient as the invention of cultivation. In essence, the objective of crop breeding is to improve plant fitness under human cultivation conditions, making crops more productive while maintaining consistency in life cycle and quality. Predictive breeding has been demonstrated in the agricultural industry and in public breeding programs for over a decade. The massive stores of data that have been generated by industry, farmers, and scholars through several decades have finally been recognized as a potential asset that can be brought to bear on specific breeding decisions. A wide range of analytical methods that were initially developed for various other quantitative disciplines, such as machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence, are now being adapted for application in crop breeding to support analytics and decision making processes. This convergence between data science and crop breeding analytics is expected to address long‐standing gaps in crop breeding analytics, and realize the potential of applying advanced analytics to multidimensional data such as geospatial variables, a multitude of phenotypic responses, and genetic information. Here, we summarize the few existing examples followed by perspectives on where else these technologies would have applications to accelerate operational aspects of crop breeding and agricultural product development efforts.
Intelligent Anti-Theft System for Automobiles (2016)

Security is prime sympathy toward everybody. These days all the car are outfitted with auto cop systems. Despite the fact that, the criminals are breaking the obstructions and take the vehicles. This venture is the right answer for this issue. Utilizing this venture, one can control his vehicle's car engine by method for a SMS. Hence, to conquer the above disadvantages, we are utilizing one of the remote correspondence procedure i.e., GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a digital cellular communications system which has quickly picked up acknowledgment and piece of the pie around the world. ARM is the heart of the task. A GSM modem is interfaced to microcontroller. This modem receives the messages from control mobile and sends as contribution to MCU. The MCU check for validation o and, in the event that IT is approved, engine control will be taken place.16X2 LCD is interfaced to show client required information. In this task TRAIC is utilized as burden controller (as a switch), MOC3021 utilized as a Triac driver. This undertaking utilizes controlled 5v, 750mA power supply. 7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage controllers are utilized for voltage direction. Bridge type full wave rectifier is utilized to redress the air conditioner yield of auxiliary of 230/12v step down transformer. The report comprises of a foundation into the territory of ARM microcontroller and mobile correspondence, how they are interfaced to each other and AT (Attention) summons set utilized as a part of correspondence.
PPARγAgonists: Blood Pressure and Edema (2009)

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Side effects of drug treatment include both fluid retention and a lowering of blood pressure. Data from animal and human studies suggest that these effects arise, at least in part, from drug-induced changes in the kidney. In order to capitalize on the positive aspect (lowering of blood pressure) and exclude the negative one (fluid retention), it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of action underlying each of the effects. When interpreted with known physiological principles, current hypotheses regarding potential mechanisms produce enigmas that are difficult to resolve. This paper is a summary of the current understanding of PPARgamma agonist effects on both blood pressure and fluid retention from a renal perspective and concludes with the newest studies that suggest alternative pathways within the kidney that could contribute to the observed drug-induced effects.
Surface Science Tools and Their Application to Nanosystems Like C60 on Indium Phosphide (2006)

The growth of fullerene C60 films on InP(001)-(2×4) was studied by a set of surface science techniques under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Spectral signature measured by photoelectron and electron energy-loss spectroscopies (UPS, XPS, EELS, HREELS) corresponds to that of bulk C60 both at low (1–2 monolayers (ML)) and high (10 ML) coverage. The result shows a weak bonding, most probably van der Waals interaction, at the molecule-substrate interface. Spectroscopic and microscopic data indicate, that C60 forms 3D clusters at the initial stages of deposition. Electron diffraction (LEED) and tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements reveal, that further molecule deposition leads to the formation of a well ordered single domain film. From the analysis of our microscopic data a C60-film structure with fcc (111) orientation follows.
Intraoperative SSEP Monitoring During External Fixation Procedures in the Lower Extremities (1996)

Summary The efficacy of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to detect acute peripheral nerve injury during external-fixator application in the lower extremities was evaluated in 40 children with 42 Ilizarov surgical procedures. The study included patients who were either clinically normal or who had preexisting neuropathy but consistent and reliable SSEP responses preoperatively. SSEPs were recorded from the popliteal fossa and lumbar regions after alternating stimulation of the peroneal and posterior tibial nerves at the ankle. SSEP changes due to anesthesia, Ilizarov apparatus application, and other intraoperative variables are described. Significant deterioration or total loss of SSEP response during surgery occurred in four cases. Two of these patients were normal preoperatively and had symptoms of neurologic deficit postoperatively; the other two had exacerbations of preexisting neuropathy. In general, the peroneal nerve was at greater risk for injury during surgery. SSEP monitoring proved to be technically feasible in external-fixation procedures on the lower extremities and may be a practical tool for detection of intraoperative nerve compromise.
Bayesian analysis of the International Adjuvant Lung Trial (IALT): Should it change practice? (2004)

6038 Background: IALT (2003) demonstrated that cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (CBAC) provides a 4% absolute survival benefit at 5 years for patients with resected stages I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These results must be interpreted in the context of conflicting data from prior randomized trials. We used Bayesian analysis to determine if the IALT results are convincing enough to change clinical practice or if additional trials are required. Methods: We developed three curves that estimate the probabilities of survival benefit prior to IALT's results. These estimates were based on: 1) a formal survey of 18 thoracic oncology experts; 2) a 1995 meta-analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy; and 3) a ‘skeptical’ curve, which downweights prior positive trials. The primary endpoint was difference in five-year survival. Analysis using Bayes Theorem incorporated IALT results into each curve to yield updated probabilities of survival benefit. Results: Survey respondents estimated a CBAC survival benefit, prior to IALT, of 2.94% (95% CI: 1.78–4.11%); only 11% of the experts offered CBAC at that time. The table shows the probability for each level of survival benefit before and after prior estimates were updated by IALT. Each updated curve supports an overall survival benefit for CBAC in NSCLC. However, the level of benefit supported varies. The probability of at least a 3% survival advantage was 80%, 71%, and 54%, for the meta-analysis, survey, and skeptical curve, respectively. The chance of a survival decrement for CBAC was below 1% for each curve. Conclusions: The preponderance of evidence supports at least a 3% survival advantage for CBAC. It is, therefore, ethically difficult to support additional randomized trials that include an observation-only arm. Future efforts should focus on incorporating targeted agents into adjuvant regimens for NSCLC as well as selecting patients most likely to benefit. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clustering-based identification of clonally-related immunoglobulin gene sequence sets (2010)

The method was evaluated on several benchmark datasets and provided a more accurate and considerably faster identification of clonally-related immunoglobulin gene sequences than visual inspection by domain experts.
Protective effects of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara-based vaccine candidate against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus require both cellular and humoral responses (2016)

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne disease, endemic in many countries in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia. There is no approved vaccine currently available against CCHF. The most promising candidate, which has previously been shown to confer protection in the small animal model, is a modified Vaccinia Ankara virus vector expressing the CCHF viral glycoprotein (MVA-GP). It has been shown that MVA-GP induces both humoral and cellular immunogenicity. In the present study, sera and T-lymphocytes were passively and adoptively transferred into recipient mice prior to challenge with CCHF virus. Results demonstrated that mediators from both arms of the immune system were required to demonstrate protective effects against lethal challenge.
Chronic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Infusion Sustains Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Prolongs Survival in the Spontaneously Hypertensive, Heart Failure–Prone Rat (2008)

Chronic GLP-1 treatment prolongs survival in obese SHHF rats. This is associated with preserved LV function and LV mass index, increased myocardial glucose uptake, and reduced myocyte apoptosis.
The Throughput Potential of Cognitive Radio: A Theoretical Perspective (2006)

Cognitive radios are promising solutions to the problem of overcrowded and inefficient licensed spectrum. In this work we explore the throughput potential of cognitive communication. We summarize different cognitive radio techniques that underlay, overlay and interweave the transmissions of the cognitive user with those of the licensed users. Recently proposed models for cognitive radios based on the overlay technique are described. For the interweave technique, we present a 'two switch' cognitive radio model and develop inner and outer bounds on the secondary radio capacity. Using the two switch model, we investigate the inherent tradeoff between the sensitivity of primary detection and the cognitive link capacity. With numerical results, we compare the throughputs achieved by the secondary user in the different models.
The Human Endolymphatic Sac: An Ultrastructural (1986)

In observing the fine structure of the human endolymphatic sac (ES) by transmission electron microscopy, we defined the cytologic characteristics of the epithelial lining of the various portions of the sac and identified five types of epithelial cells with presumably somewhat different functions. The morphologic findings may suggest that the human ES is involved in endolymph resorption and phagocytosis. In addition, there are indications that in humans the sac may be involved in pressure regulation in the internal ear. The ES has a possible role in the turnover of macular statoconia.
Power supply noise aware workload assignment for multi-core systems (2008)

As the industry moves from single- to multi-core processors, the challenges of how to reliably design and analyze power delivery for such systems also arise. We study various workload assignments to cores and their impact on the global power grid noise. We develop metrics to estimate the amount of noise propagated from core to core and propose a power supply noise aware workload assignment method. In our experiments, we show that performance loss can be significant if workload assignment is not properly made.
Designing a brain computer interface for control of an assistive robotic manipulator using steady state visually evoked potentials (2019)

An assistive robotic manipulator (ARM) can provide independence and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from tetraplegia. However, to properly control such device to a satisfactory level without any motor functions requires a very high performing brain-computer interface (BCI). Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) based BCI are among the best performing. Thus, this study investigates the design of a system for a full workspace control of a 7 degrees of freedom ARM. A SSVEP signal is elicited by observing a visual stimulus flickering at a specific frequency and phase. This study investigates the best combination of unique frequencies and phases to provide a 16-target BCI by testing three different systems off line. Furthermore, a fourth system is developed to investigate the impact of the stimulating monitor refresh rate. Experiments conducted on two subjects suggest that a 16-target BCI created by four unique frequencies and 16-unique phases provide the best performance. Subject 1 reaches a maximum estimated ITR of 235 bits/min while subject 2 reaches 140 bits/min. The findings suggest that the optimal SSVEP stimuli to generate 16 targets are a low number of frequencies and a high number of unique phases. Moreover, the findings do not suggest any need for considering the monitor refresh rate if stimuli are modulated using a sinusoidal signal sampled at the refresh rate.
Using Naive Bayes Model and Natural Language Processing for Classifying Messages on Online Forum (2007)

In this paper, we would like to present how to classify Vietnamese messages on the online forum. We use the naive Bayes model for building a classifier. Besides, we also utilize natural language processing (NLP) tools for word segmentation, POS tagging, noun phrase chunking, extracting the nouns and noun phrases in message. These nouns and noun phrases are used for representing the message. With the representation model based on nouns and noun phrases, we improve the accuracy of classification with the support of semantic relations between words.
Phase I study of a humanized anti-CD11/CD18 monoclonal antibody in multiple sclerosis* (1998)

Hu23F2G was tolerated at doses that achieved high degrees of leukocyte CD11/CD118 saturation with in vivo inhibition of leukocyte migration. Because this phase I study was not designed to determine the clinical efficacy of Hu23F2G, further studies are needed.
IP telephony: the integration of robust VoIP services (2000)

1. Protocols for Voice Over IP and Interactive Applications. IP Telephony fundamentals. SGCP, MGCP and NCS-Overviews. H.323. An Overview of the ITU-T Approach for VoIP Telephony. SIP-Summary of Features of the Session Initiation Protocol. 2. Media Transport in Packet Networks. RTP and RTCP-Definitions for Media Transport in IP Networks. RSVP The Resource Reservation Protocol. A Quick Look at AAL2 for Voice Transport. Edge Bandwidth Management-A Look at AAL2. 3. Basic Call Control for Voice Telephony. An Overview of SS7. The Services of SSCP and TCAP. Call Control in Packet Networks. Heterogeneous Call Setup-Mapping SS7 to IP-Based Call Control. Closing Thoughts on Mixed Network Voice Telephony. 4. Metrics for Voice Quality. Voice Quality in Converging TDM and IP Networks. Auditory Perception and Testing Methodologies. Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement. Voice Quality Test Instrumentation. Echo Measurement and Control. Summary. 5. A Simple Case Study in Measurements. Objectives. From the Big Picture to the Lab. Equipment Setup and Configuration. Baseline Measurements. Testing with Connected Gateways. Observations and Conclusions. 6. Voiceband Call Considerations- A Detailed Look at Fax. A Look at a Real-Time Trace of the T.30 Protocol. Fax over Packet Networks. Real-Time Internet Fax-T.38. Basics of V.34 Fax. Group 3 Fax Error Correction Mode (ECM). Voiceband Data Transport Revisited-AAL2. Summary of the Fax Discussion and Possible Issues. References. Index.
Collagen synthesis by short-term explants of pediatric tumors. (1985)

Collagens are a heterogeneous family of structural proteins synthesized by many cultured cells including tumor cells. The synthesis of these proteins by three human tumor types commonly encountered in children [neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor)] was investigated in short-term cultures of freshly excised tumor explants grown on extracellular matrices. Analysis of the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-sensitive proteins indicated significant collagen production by several Wilms' tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas, while neuroblastomas did not synthesize this structural protein. All eight Wilms' tumor specimens analyzed secreted type IV procollagen. Interstitial types I and III collagens were also produced by these tumors, but in most cases, the alpha 1 (I): alpha 2 ratio was much higher than the 2:1 ratio expected for type I collagen, indicating a major change in the control of type I collagen production. Rhabdomyosarcomas were very heterogeneous with regard to collagen secretion and synthesized either a single collagen isotype (type III), several collagens including types I, III, and IV, or no detectable collagen. Our data represent a first quantitative and qualitative analysis of collagen synthesis by primary tumor cultures and reveal much more heterogeneity in collagen biosynthesis by these tumors than reported previously with established cell lines. They also indicate significant alterations in the expression of type I collagen genes in Wilms' tumors.
Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐1,4‐Diols by BH3×THF‐Mediated Rearrangement of 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclobutenes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two-dimensional profiling of shallow junctions in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structures using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (1996)

We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling spectroscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy to perform two-dimensional profiling of shallow pn junctions in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structures. In the tunneling spectroscopy measurements, clear differences were observed between current-voltage spectra obtained from p-type, n-type, and depleted regions of the metal-oxide-semiconductor structures; current images generated from the tunneling spectra revealed the profiles of the pn junctions with spatial resolution in both the lateral and vertical directions on the order of 10 nm. Calculated tunneling current-voltage spectra were found to be consistent with observed differences in experimental spectra obtained from p-type and n-type regions of the junctions. Junction profiles obtained by scanning tunneling spectroscopy have also been compared to transmission electron microscopy images of chemically delineated junctions and measurements of vertical dopant profiles obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Two-Component Redox Organocatalyst for Peptide Bond Formation (2022)

Peptides are fundamental therapeutic modalities whose sequence-specific synthesis can be automated. Yet, modern peptide synthesis remains atom uneconomical and requires an excess of coupling agents and protected amino acids for efficient amide bond formation. We recently described the rational design of an organocatalyst that can operate on Fmoc amino acids─the standard monomers in automated peptide synthesis (<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2019</b>, 141, 15977). The catalytic cycle centered on the conversion of the carboxylic acid to selenoester, which was activated by a hydrogen bonding scaffold for amine coupling. The selenoester was generated <i>in situ</i> from a diselenide catalyst and stoichiometric amounts of phosphine. Although the prior system catalyzed oligopeptide synthesis on solid phase, it had two significant requirements that limited its utility as an alternative to coupling agents─it depended on stoichiometric amounts of phosphine and required molecular sieves as dehydrating agent. Here, we address these limitations with an optimized method that requires only catalytic amounts of phosphine and no dehydrating agent. The new method utilizes a two-component organoreductant/organooxidant-recycling strategy to catalyze amide bond formation.
Laser beam welding of AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy (1998)

The laser beam weldability of AZ31B magnesium alloy was examined with high power CW CO2 and pulsed Nd:YAG lasers. The low viscosity and surface tension of the melt pool make magnesium more difficult to weld than steel. Welding parameters necessary to obtain good welds were determined for both CW CO2 and pulsed Nd:YAG lasers. The weldability of the magnesium alloy was significantly better with the Nd:YAG laser. The cause of this improvement was attributed to the higher absorption of the Nd:YAG beam. A lower threshold beam irradiance was required for welding, and a more stable weldpool was obtained.
System-Level Lifetime Prediction for LED Lighting Applications Considering Thermal Coupling Between LED Sources and Drivers (2018)

An accurate lifetime prediction method of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems is important to guide designers to fulfill design specifications and to benchmark cost-competitiveness of different lighting technologies. Currently, the lifetime of an LED system is typically predicted from the source and driver separately, and then the thermal design is also optimized independently. In practice, LED sources and drivers are usually compacted in a single fixture. The heat dissipated from LED sources and drivers are coupled and further affect heat transfer performances, which may degrade the whole system and accelerate the failure. In this paper, a thermal model concerning thermal coupling is proposed with the finite-element method (FEM) simulation to acquire key parameters in the thermal path. The proposed model shows a better estimation of thermal stresses of key components in the LED system, and therefore an improved lifetime prediction method for the LED system is proposed. Moreover, with a given lifetime requirement, this method can be used to guide the thermal design of LED systems. A case study of an outdoor lighting application is demonstrated by both FEM simulation and experimental verification.
Bi-directional brain interfacing instrumentation (2018)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective method for treating a variety of disorders. It may be possible to improve the therapy by providing a dynamic therapy that changes based on the needs of the patient. However, these dynamic closed-loop methods require implanted devices to effectively sense biomarkers of patient state while therapy is being delivered. In this paper we review improvements made in neural sensing during stimulation for a new implantable research tool, the Summit RC+S Investigational System. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of the Summit RC+S sensing components in both saline and an ovine model in both static and dynamic stimulation settings. The results of these tests demonstrate the ability of the Summit System to effectively sense neural signals for closed-loop DBS research purposes.