gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Poplar Genes for Biofuel Production (2015)

ORNL scientist, Wellington Muchero, explains how genetics is used to enhance biofuel production.
Are reactive oxygen species (ROS) a suitable metric to predict toxicity of carbonaceous aerosol particles? (2021)

Abstract. It is being suggested that particle-bound or particle-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which significantly contribute to the oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles, are a promising metric linking aerosol compositions to toxicity and adverse health effects. However, accurate ROS quantification remains challenging due to the reactive and short-lived nature of many ROS components and the lack of appropriate analytical methods for a reliable quantification. Consequently, it remains difficult to gauge their impact on human health, especially to identify how aerosol particle sources and atmospheric processes drive particle-bound ROS formation in a real-world urban environment. In this study, using a novel online particle-bound ROS instrument (OPROSI), we comprehensively characterized and compared the formation of ROS in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from organic compounds that represent anthropogenic (naphthalene, SOANAP) and biogenic (β-pinene, SOAβPIN) precursors. The SOA mass was condensed onto soot particles (SP) under varied atmospherically relevant conditions (photochemical aging and humidity). We systematically analysed the ability of the aqueous extracts of the two aerosol types (SOANAP-SP and SOAβPIN-SP) to induce ROS production and OP. We further investigated cytotoxicity and cellular ROS production after exposing human lung epithelial cell cultures (A549) to extracts of the two aerosols. A significant finding of this study is that more than 90 % of all ROS components in both SOA types have a short lifetime, highlighting the need to develop online instruments for a meaningful quantification of ROS. Our results also show that photochemical aging promotes particle-bound ROS production and enhances the OP of the aerosols. Compared to SOAβPIN-SP, SOANAP-SP elicited a higher acellular and cellular ROS production, a higher OP and a lower cell viability. These consistent results between chemical-based and biological-based analyses indicate that particle-bound ROS quantification could be a feasible metric to predict aerosol particle toxicity and adverse human effects. Moreover, the cellular ROS production caused by SOA exposure not only depends on aerosol type, but is also affected by exposure dose, highlighting a need to mimic the process of particle deposition onto lung cells and their interactions as realistically as possible to avoid unknown biases.
Sequential Knoevenagel Reaction/Mislow—Evans Rearrangement Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Amine Grafted on Silica in Water, Leading to γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Nitrile. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Study on Mutual Control among Agents by Temporary Potential Functions (2000)

One of the major problems of the technique that controls actions of agents by potential functions is to determine the function shapes suitable for the environment. The authors have proposed a method for autonomous acquisition of the parameters of potential functions by the agents with reinforcement learning, especially classifier systems, in multi-agent environment.In this paper, we study a method to introduce temporary potential functions, which agents can set at desirable positions, so as to improve controllability of other agents. Experiments with a pursuit game are done, and the following are confirmed: acquisition of the temporary potential parameters for capturing the prey agent is possible; acquisition of the temporary potential parameters for the hunter agents to control each other and cooperatively capture the prey agent is also possible; the temporary potential increases the capturing probability of the prey agent.
Ion‐Activated Greatly Enhanced Conductivity of Thin Organic Semiconducting Films in Two‐Terminal Devices (2020)

Abstract The energetics of metal/organic semiconductor (OSC) and polymer electrolyte/OSC interfaces play a key role in the operation of a variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Despite extensive research in the field, the way such energetics impact on device properties is often poorly understood and overlooked. They can cause unusual phenomena as reported herein in the case of metal/OSC/electrolyte systems for which an increase of up to three orders of magnitude in the conductivity of thin OSC films is observed. Using coplanar electrode devices and OSC films made of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) materials, it is shown that such a phenomenon results from synergistic effects between the metal/P3HT interface energetics, charge transport, and electrolyte conductivity. The experiments make evident the existence of a thickness‐dependent electrostatic potential at the P3HT surface, which leads to ion‐assisted hole accumulation at the upper edge of the P3HT film. Together with the potential of the investigated two‐electrode devices for sensing applications, this study provides new insights for the development of electrolyte‐gated transistors and can serve as a generic method for the extraction of parameters like the space‐charge width of metal/OSC junctions.
Low‐frequency passive seismic experiments in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: implications for hydrocarbon detection (2009)

ABSTRACT Low‐frequency passive seismic experiments utilizing arrays of 3‐component broadband seismometers were conducted over two sites in the emirate of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The experiments were conducted in the vicinity of a producing oilfield and around a dry exploration well to better understand the characteristics and origins of microtremor signals (1–6 Hz), which had been reported as occurring exclusively above several hydrocarbon reservoirs in the region. The results of the experiments revealed that a strong correlation exists between the recorded ambient noise and observed meteorological and anthropogenic noises. In the frequency range of 0.15–0.4 Hz, the dominant feature is a double‐frequency microseism peak generated by the non‐linear interactions of storm induced surface waves in the Arabian Sea. We observed that the double‐frequency microseism displays a high variability in spectral amplitude, with the strongest amplitude occurring when Cyclone Gonu was battering the eastern coast of Oman; this noise was present at both sites and so is not a hydrocarbon indicator. Moreover, this study found that very strong microtremor signals in the frequency range of 2–3 Hz were present in all of the locations surveyed, both within and outside of the reservoir boundary and surrounding the dry exploration well. This microtremor signal has no clear correlation with the microseism signals but significant variations in the characteristics of the signals were observed between daytime and nighttime recording periods that clearly correlate with human activity. High‐resolution frequency‐wavenumber ( f ‐ k ) spectral analyses were performed on the recorded data to determine apparent velocities and azimuths of the wavefronts for the microseism and microtremor events. The f ‐ k analyses confirmed that the double‐frequency microseism originates from wave activity in the Arabian Sea, while the microtremor events have an azimuth pointing towards the nearest motorways, indicating that they are probably being excited by traffic noise. Results drawn from particle motion studies confirm these observations. The vertical‐to‐horizontal spectral ratios of the data acquired in both experiments show peaks around 2.5–3 Hz with no dependence on the presence or absence of subsurface hydrocarbons. Therefore, this method should not be used as a direct hydrocarbon indicator in these environments. Furthermore, the analyses provide no direct evidence to indicate that earthquakes are capable of stimulating the hydrocarbon reservoir in a way that could modify the spectral amplitude of the microtremor signal.
Numerical damage and life prediction of automotive casting tooling due to low-cycle thermal fatigue (2011)

The economic challenge for PSA regarding the maintenance of their mould foundry park is to predict and improve its lifespan in preventing any risk of initiation and propagation of cracks in thermal fatigue. A method for assessing the number of cycles of casting tooling thermal fatigue used by PSA was developed using the criterion of Fatemi-Socie [A. Fatemi, D. Socie, Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mater. Struct. 11 (1988) 149-165, D.F. Socie, multiaxial fatigue damage models, ASME 109 (1987) 293-298], associated with a shear failure mode, which predicts the thermal fatigue damage by assessing stress and strain tensors on different facets around any material point.
The Long “Race” to Diversity in Otolaryngology (2020)

The number of health disparities disproportionately affecting minority communities continue to rise. Thus, it is imperative to assess whether equity within medical school enrollment and along the academic pipeline has mirrored this growth, especially among elite surgical specialties such as otolaryngology. Census and educational data from 2010 and 2018 were used to assess the current otolaryngology, surgery, and internal medicine physician and faculty workforce diversity across each stage of the academic medicine trajectory by race and ethnicity. We found that disparities exist in medical school enrollment for minority students such that Hispanic/Latinx representation was only 30% and Black representation only 50% of their respective proportions in the US population in 2018. Disparities in achieving full professorship were also observed across all 3 specialties but most prominently in otolaryngology, with 1% Black representation among otolaryngology professors in 2018. A collective strategy toward diversifying the otolaryngology workforce should be explored.
Color and Uncertainty: It is not always Black and White (2014)

To fully comprehend the meaning and impact of visualized data it is crucial that users are able to perceive andcomprehend the inherent uncertainty of the data in a correct and intuitive way. Data uncertainty is frequentlyvisualized through color mappings. Previous studies argued that color hue is not suitable for communicatinguncertainty because most hue scales lack an intrinsic perceptual order. In this paper we examine the use of hue forcommunicating data uncertainty in more detail. We investigated the potential of distinct color triples (rather thanthe entire spectrum of colors, as used in previously studies) to represent different levels of uncertainty.We identifiedseveral color triples that reliably map to an intuitive ordering of certainty. Bipolar color scales constructed fromthese color triples can be used to communicate uncertainty in visualizations, particularly to audiences of nonspecialists.A 'traffic light' configuration (with red and green at the endpoints and either yellow or orange in themiddle) communicates uncertainty most intuitively.
Sharp Reduction of the Secondary Electron Emission Yield from Grooved Surfaces (2007)

The effect of an artificially-enhanced rough surface on the secondary electron emission yield (SEY) was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Analytical studies on triangular and rectangular grooved surfaces show the connection between the characteristic parameters of a given geometry to the SEY reduction. The effect of a strong magnetic field is also discussed. SEY of grooved samples have been measured and the results agree with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Based on the H.264 Video Compression Technology,Video Surveillance System (2009)

This article designed one kind embedded wireless,has given supervisory system's hardware design and corresponding software in detail realizes the method,and aimedat the RPT network data transmission to have the problem to give the corresponding solution.The practice proved that this system design is reasonable,the movement is reliable.
Review: Bodily Extremities. Preoccupations with the Human Body in Early Modern European Culture (2004)

1University of Bath Bodily Extremities. Preoccupations with the Human Body in Early Modern European Culture Floricke Egmond Robert Zwijnenberg Aldershot Ashgate 2003 viii +235 £45.00 0‐7546‐0726‐7
Robust transmission and reconstruction of fragile optical states (1997)

We propose a scheme by which signals carried by a coherent optical source close to the quantum noise limit can be amplified, making them more robust against losses, and then reconstructed at a remote site. The amplitude signal-to-noise ratio, the absolute amplitude noise level, and optical coherence are preserved. The scheme utilizes electro-optic feedforward and laser injection locking. We investigate the performance of the scheme as a quantum nondemolition device.
Selective GaN Epitaxy on Si(111) Substrates Using Porous Aluminum Oxide Buffer Layers (2006)

Epitaxial GaN layers were grown by metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy on Si(111) substrates by using aluminum oxide (AlOx) buffer layers. The AlOx was obtained by anodic oxidation of an evaporated Al film. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and room temperature photoluminescence measurements were used to investigate the grown GaN layers. Epi-growth of GaN on the AlOx stripes was shown to be possible, while no growth took place on the neighboring Si surface, hereby demonstrating perfect selectivity.
Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control with Various Herbicide Combinations (1992)

Dicamba, 2,4-D, picloram, and commercially available premixes of glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba were evaluated alone and in combination for field bindweed control in a winter wheat-fallow system in Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Montana. Approximately one year after application, herbicide mixtures containing picloram at 0.14 or 0.28 kg ai ha -1 provided the best control. In five of seven locations, the control provided by picloram in herbicide mixtures was greater than the control provided by glyphosate plus 2,4-D, 2,4-D, or dicamba when these products were mixed with picloram. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba premixes, or 2,4-D added to dicamba were less effective for long-term control of field bindweed than mixtures containing 0.14 kg ai ha -1 or more of picloram. Under drought conditions in Kansas in 1988, picloram did not control field bindweed as well as in Colorado, Wyoming, or Montana where rainfall was normal.
In business today and tomorrow (1998)

Information and knowledge play a decisive - if not paramount - role in business performance. The right information and content at the right time are keys to success and therefore have tremendous value for individuals, business, even the entire society. Protecting information and content is of the utmost importance for content providers as well as end users of the related information.
Depletion of Bhmt Elevates sonic hedgehog Transcript Level and Increases β-Cell Number in Zebrafish (2011)

Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT, EC 2.1.1.5) is a key enzyme in the methionine cycle and is highly expressed in the liver. Despite its important biochemical function, it is not known whether BHMT plays a role during organ development. In this report, we showed that early in development of zebrafish before endoderm organogenesis, bhmt is first expressed in the yolk syncytial layer and then after liver formation becomes a liver-enriched gene. By using the anti-bhmt morpholinos that deplete the Bhmt, we found that in morphant embryos, several endoderm-derived organs, including liver, exocrine pancreas, and intestine are hypoplastic. Strikingly, the number of β-cells in the pancreatic islet was increased rather than reduced in the morphant. Additional studies showed that Bhmt depletion elevates the sonic hedgehog (shh) transcript level in the morphant, whereas Bhmt-depletion in the Shh-deficient mutant syu failed to rescue the isletless phenotype. These molecular and genetic data strongly suggest that Shh functions downstream of Bhmt to promote β-cell development. Therefore, although there are still many intriguing questions to be answered, our finding may identify a novel function for Bhmt involving modulation of Shh signaling to control β-cell development.
The NC2 repressor is dispensable in yeast mutated for the Sin4p component of the holoenzyme and plays roles similar to Mot1p in vivo (2000)

NC2 (Dr1/DRAP1) and Mot1p are global repressors of transcription that have been isolated in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. NC2 is a dimeric histone-fold complex that represses RNA polymerase II transcription through binding to TBP and inhibition of TFIIA and TFIIB. Mot1p is an ATPase that removes DNA-bound TBP upon ATP hydrolysis. In this work, we studied the core promoter specificity of NC2 in vivo using a strain that carries mutated NC2beta activity. We show that NC2, like Mot1p, is required for transcription of the HIS3 and HIS4 TATA-less core promoters. Furthermore, whereas neither Mot1p nor NC2 appear to function as repressors of the HIS3 gene in cells growing exponentially in glucose, we find that both are required for repression of the HIS3 TATA promoter when cells go through the diauxic shift. Thus, the activity of these factors is similarly regulated depending upon the physiological conditions, and it appears that core promoters activated or repressed by them in vivo might be distinguishable by whether or not they contain a canonical TATA sequence. Finally, although NC2 is an essential factor for yeast viability, we isolated a mutation in a non-essential component of the holoenzyme, Sin4p, that bypasses the requirement for NC2.
Investigating the combined association of BMI and alcohol consumption on liver disease and biomarkers: a Mendelian randomization study of over 90 000 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study (2018)

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption are suggested to independently and interactively increase the risk of liver disease. We assessed this combined effect using factorial Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We used multivariable adjusted regression and MR to estimate individual and joint associations of BMI and alcohol consumption and liver disease biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) y-glutamyltransferase (GGT)) and incident liver disease. We undertook a factorial MR study splitting participants by median of measured BMI or BMI allele score then by median of reported alcohol consumption or ADH1B genotype (AA/AG and GG), giving four groups; low BMI/low alcohol (-BMI/-alc), low BMI/high alcohol (-BMI/+alc), high BMI/low alcohol (+BMI/-alc) and high BMI/high alcohol (+BMI/+alc). Results Individual positive associations of BMI and alcohol with ALT, GGT and incident liver disease were found. In the factorial MR analyses, considering the +BMI/+alc group as the reference, mean circulating ALT and GGT levels were lowest in the -BMI/-alc group (2.32% (95% CI: −4.29, −0.35) and −3.56% (95% CI: −5.88; −1.24) for ALT and GGT respectively). Individuals with -BMI/+alc and +BMI/-alc had lower mean circulating ALT and GGT compared to the reference group (+BMI/+alc). For incident liver disease multivariable factorial analyses followed a similar pattern to those seen for the biomarkers, but little evidence of differences between MR factorial categories for odds of liver disease. Conclusions Consistent results from multivariable regression and MR analysis, provides compelling evidence for the individual adverse effects of BMI and alcohol consumption on liver disease. Intervening on both BMI and alcohol may improve the profiles of circulating liver biomarkers. However, this may not reduce clinical liver disease risk.
Reduction of the cytosolic calcium activity in clonal insulin-releasing cells exposed to glucose (1983)

The cytosolic Ca2+ activity of insulin-releasing clonal cells (RINm5F) was studied with the intracellular fluorescent indicator quin-2. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was 1 mM, the basal cytosolic Ca2+ activity was 101 +/- 5 nM. Depolarization with 25 mM K+ increased this Ca2+ activity to at least 318 nM, an effect completely reversed by the voltage-dependent channel blocker D-600. In the presence of K+ alone these channels appeared to have a half-life of 6.7 +/- 0.8 min. In contrast to the action of K+, exposure of the RINm5F cells to 4 mM glucose resulted in a reduction of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity. This effect was observed during K+ depolarization but was more pronounced under basal conditions when it amounted to 20%. The data provide the first direct evidence that glucose can decrease the cytosolic Ca2+ activity in beta-cells. Unlike the case in normal beta-cells the glucose effect on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the RINm5F cells is apparently not sufficient to overcome the intracellular buffering of Ca2+. A defective depolarization is therefore a probable cause of the failing insulin secretion of RINm5F cells exposed to glucose.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterodinuclear Ln3+−Fe3+ and Ln3+−Co3+ Complexes, Bridged by Cyanide Ligand (Ln3+ = Lanthanide Ions). Nature of the Magnetic Interaction in the Ln3+−Fe3+ Complexes (2002)

The reaction of Ln(NO3)3.aq with K3[Fe(CN)6] or K3[Co(CN)6] in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) led to 25 heterodinuclear [Ln(DMF)4(H2O)3(mu-CN)Fe(CN)5].nH2O and [Ln(DMF)4(H2O)3(mu-CN)Co(CN)5].nH2O complexes (with Ln = all the lanthanide(III) ions, except promethium and lutetium). Five complexes (Pr(3+)-Fe3+), (Tm(3+)-Fe3+), (Ce(3+)-Co3+), (Sm(3+)-Co3+), and (Yb(3+)-Co3+) have been structurally characterized; they crystallize in the equivalent monoclinic space groups P21/c or P21/n. Structural studies of these two families show that they are isomorphous. This relationship in conjunction with the diamagnetism of the Co3+ allows an approximation to the nature of coupling between the iron(III) and the lanthanide(III) ions in the [Ln(DMF)4(H2O)3(mu-CN)Fe(CN)5].nH2O complexes. The Ln(3+)-Fe3+ interaction is antiferromagnetic for Ln = Ce, Nd, Gd, and Dy and ferromagnetic for Ln = Tb, Ho, and Tm. For Ln = Pr, Eu, Er, Sm, and Yb, there is no sign of any significant interaction. The isotropic nature of Gd3+ helps to evaluate the value of the exchange interaction.
Conditional deletion of mTOR discloses its essential role in early B‐cell development (2021)

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase and central regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and survival. mTOR is commonly hyperactivated in a diverse number of cancers and critical roles for mTOR in regulating immune cell differentiation and function have been demonstrated. However, there is little work investigating the roles of mTOR in early B-cell development. Here we demonstrate that conditional disruption of mTOR in developing mouse B cells results in reduced pre-B-cell proliferation and survival, as well as a developmental block at the pre-B-cell stage, with a corresponding lack of peripheral B cells. Upon immunization with NP-CGG antigen, mice with Mtor conditional disruption in early B cells lost their ability to form germinal centers and produce specific antibodies. In competitive BM repopulation assays, donor BM cells from conditional knock-out mice were completely impaired in their ability to reconstitute B cells. Our data reveal the essential role of mTOR in early pre-B-cell development and survival.