gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLANNING OF LOW VOLTAGE AC/DC MICROGRID FOR UN-ELECTRIFIED AREAS (2021)

This paper presents a new AC/DC microgrid topology as an alternative to the traditional AC network in the context of developing countries&apos; electrification. The K-means clustering is employed to pack DC loads into a number of clusters. Next, the minimum spanning tree (MST) is applied to the clusters in order to get the minimum length of DC conductors. Hence, by using the shortest path (SP), the closest electrical poles connected to a cluster at which the AC/DC converter is placed, are found and then, balanced by the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Finally, the AC lines connecting all poles and clusters are designed with the MST. The optimal cost of the complete AC/DC microgrid is determined for 20 years of operation.
Endogenously-Produced Hyaluronan and Its Potential to Regulate the Development of Peritoneal Adhesions (2021)

Formation of peritoneal adhesions (PA) is one of the major complications following intra-abdominal surgery. It is primarily caused by activation of the mesothelial layer and underlying tissues in the peritoneal membrane resulting in the transition of mesothelial cells (MCs) and fibroblasts to a pro-fibrotic phenotype. Pro-fibrotic transition of MCs-mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), and fibroblasts activation to myofibroblasts are interconnected to changes in cellular metabolism and culminate in the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the form of fibrotic tissue between injured sides in the abdominal cavity. However, ECM is not only a mechanical scaffold of the newly synthetized tissue but reciprocally affects fibrosis development. Hyaluronan (HA), an important component of ECM, is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) that can affect the majority of processes involved in PA formation. This review considers the role of endogenously produced HA in the context of different fibrosis-related pathologies and its overlap in the development of PA.
Enzyme–substrate interactions promote the self-assembly of amino acid derivatives into supramolecular hydrogels (2015)

Enzyme-responsive supramolecular hydrogels are a new class of smart materials and have enormous potential to be used in biology and medicine. In this study, α-chymotrypsin was proposed to promote the self-assembly of amino acid derivatives for the preparation of such supramolecular hydrogels. It is found that α-chymotrypsin significantly shortens the gelation time from 8 days (or no gelation occurred within 2 weeks) to 10 min-4 h depending on the structure of amino acid derivatives. The chemical compositions and microstructures of the hydrogels were further investigated by LC-MS, microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The results show that the transparent hydrogels consist of long nanofibers with approximately 20 nm in diameter. These nanofibers are composed of Fmoc-amino acid and amino acid, which were formed from the hydrolysis of amino acid ester, with a molar ratio of 4.346 : 1 (Fmoc-F/F) and 0.548 : 1 (Fmoc-F/Y), respectively. Furthermore, the molecular simulation was performed to investigate the specific recognition of α-chymotrypsin to amino acid derivatives. The results indicate that the enzyme-substrate interactions are responsible for promoting the supramolecular self-assembly of these amino acid derivatives into fibrous hydrogels. In addition to being the first example of enzyme-substrate interaction-promoted supramolecular self-assembly, this novel concept opens up the possibility of making use of various enzymes and their substrates (or analogues) in the discovery of new supramolecular materials with enzyme responsiveness.
PGC-1α Protects from Notch-Induced Kidney Fibrosis Development (2017)

Kidney fibrosis is the histologic manifestation of CKD. Sustained activation of developmental pathways, such as Notch, in tubule epithelial cells has been shown to have a key role in fibrosis development. The molecular mechanism of Notch-induced fibrosis, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, that expression of peroxisomal proliferation g-coactivator (PGC-1<i>α</i>) and fatty acid oxidation-related genes are lower in mice expressing active Notch1 in tubular epithelial cells (Pax8-rtTA/<i>ICN1</i>) compared to littermate controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the Notch target gene <i>Hes1</i> directly binds to the regulatory region of PGC-1<i>α</i> Compared with <i>Pax8-rtTA/ICN1</i> transgenic animals, <i>Pax8-rtTA/ICN1/Ppargc1a</i> transgenic mice showed improvement of renal structural alterations (on histology) and molecular defect (expression of profibrotic genes). Overexpression of PGC-1<i>α</i> restored mitochondrial content and reversed the fatty acid oxidation defect induced by Notch overexpression <i>in vitro</i> in tubule cells. Furthermore, compared with <i>Pax8-rtTA/ICN1</i> mice, <i>Pax8-rtTA/ICN1/Ppargc1a</i> mice exhibited improvement in renal fatty acid oxidation gene expression and apoptosis. Our results show that metabolic dysregulation has a key role in kidney fibrosis induced by sustained activation of the Notch developmental pathway and can be ameliorated by PGC-1<i>α</i>.
Supplementary Table S1 from Tipifarnib as a Precision Therapy for <i>HRAS</i>-Mutant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary table 1. Top tipifarnib modulated genes used for ENRICHR GSEA.&lt;/p&gt;
[Hemodilution therapy in patients with acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy]. (1993)

A prospective study was performed in 22 patients with an anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION). All patients underwent iso- (Hct > or = 42%) or hypervolemic (Hct < 42%) haemodilution for 10 days with daily infusion of 250 ml hydroxyethyl starch (MW 200,000/0.5, 10% HAES-sterile) in combination with pentoxifylline (p.o.: 1200 mg/day; i.v.: 300 mg/day; Trental). Only patients with recent AION (less than 2 weeks' duration of symptoms) were considered for the prospective trial. Clinical, haemodynamic (arterio-venous passage time) and rheological (haematocrit, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation) data of all patients were recorded before therapy and after 10 days. An improvement of central vision by 2 or more lines was seen in 7 patients after 10 days. Initially the arterio-venous passage time was significantly prolonged in patients (2.42 +/- 0.7 s) with AION compared with healthy volunteers (1.45 +/- 0.4 s). After the 10-day trial arterio-venous passage time was significantly shorter than baseline values. In addition, the initially elevated plasma viscosity (1.33 +/- 0.1 mPa) was significantly lowered by haemodilution therapy.
Fuel Cell Introduction into a Class 8 Truck (2003)

Abstract : A state-of-the-art Peterbilt 385 tractor was specified and procured for a multiphase program designed to develop a fuel cell powered class 8 tractor. Five fuels were used in baseline engine exhaust emissions testing of the tractor and for baseline performance determinations of the vehicle. The alternative fuels (a 820 biodiesel blend, synthetic FischerTropsch diesel) and a ultra low sulfur CARS equivalent diesel fuel achieved significantly lower emissions test results than the baseline United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certification diesel fuel. A petroleum JP-8 aviation turbine fuel demonstrated higher unburned hydrocarbons than the EPA certification fuel but this is thought to be due primarily to the low viscosity of the JP-8 interfering with fuel injector efficiency. Vehicle acceleration performance with the alternative fuels was so similar to the EPA certification fuel that It is doubtful that drivers would notice the difference. A baseline computer model of the vehicle using Rapid Automotive Performance Tool for Optimization and Reporting (RAPTOR) software was run and validation against the baseline emissions runs seems to be quite good. A Rapid Prototype Electronic Control System (RPECS) to control the tractor, hydrogen system and fuel cells was designed to be capable of handling the next two years' equipment as well as the future full-scale diesel reformer/fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. A ProEngineer Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of the tractor and hydrogen fuel system was prepared to facilitate placement of new components on the tractor. Electrification of engine loads including the engine cooling system and air conditioning system were studied. Two each 2.5 Kilowatt (kW) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell APUs were received in October 2002. SwRI began to define vehicle interface requirements based on input from General A hydrogen storage and supply system was physically installed on the Peterbilt tractor and a plan for modeling was initiated.
Geometric percolation of colloids in shear flow (2022)

We combine a heuristic theory of geometric percolation and the Smoluchowski theory of colloid dynamics to predict the impact of shear flow on the percolation threshold of hard spherical colloidal particles, and verify our findings by means of molecular dynamics simulations. It appears that the impact of shear flow is subtle and highly non-trivial, even in the absence of hydrodynamic interactions between the particles. The presence of shear flow can both increase and decrease the percolation threshold, depending on the criterion used for determining whether or not two particles are connected and on the Péclet number. Our approach opens up a route to quantitatively predict the percolation threshold in nanocomposite materials that, as a rule, are produced under non-equilibrium conditions, making comparison with equilibrium percolation theory tenuous. Our theory can be adapted straightforwardly for application in other types of flow field, and particles of different shape or interacting via other than hard-core potentials.
Vaccination Ameliorates Cellular Inflammatory Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections (2023)

Patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections exhibit cellular immune responses that limit the progression of inflammatory responses and suggest mechanisms by which vaccination limits disease severity. These data may have implications for developing more effective vaccines and therapies. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04401449.
Structural properties of carbon nitride films prepared by high dose nitrogen implantation into carbon thin films (1996)

Carbon nitride films were successfully prepared by ion beam synthesis method. 100 keV N+ ions at a dosage of 1.2×1018 cm−2 were implanted into carbon thin films at different temperatures. The samples were evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Vickers microhardness measurement. XPS results show that most of the implanted nitrogen atoms are free state. Most of the carbon atoms have C–C bonding and a little of them form a C–N bond. It also can be clearly seen that the content of the C–N covalent bonding state in the samples is increased by raising the implanting temperature of the samples. Raman spectrum indicates that there is a Raman band near 2300 cm−1 corresponding to carbon-nitrogen stretching. XTEM and RBS studies show that there is a buried layer of carbon nitride. XRD and TEM analyses reveal that the buried carbon nitride is predominantly amorphous with a small volume fraction of nanocrystallites. The sample has a higher hardness than that of a carbon thin film.
DFT-Based Channel Estimation for Holographic MIMO (2023)

Holographic MIMO (hMIMO) systems with a massive number of individually controlled antennas N make minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation particularly challenging, due to its computational complexity that scales as $N^3$ . This paper investigates uniform linear arrays and proposes a low-complexity method based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) approximation, which follows from replacing the covariance matrix by a suitable circulant matrix. Numerical results show that, already for arrays with moderate size (in the order of tens of wavelengths), it achieves the same performance of the optimal MMSE, but with a significant lower computational load that scales as $N \log N$. Interestingly, the proposed method provides also increased robustness in case of imperfect knowledge of the covariance matrix.
A Cognitive Architecture for Flexible Imitative Interaction Using Tools and Objects (2006)

Imitative responses constitute an important basis of rich interaction between an infant and a care-giver. This paper proposes a cognitive robotic architecture for generating a variety of flexible imitative responses in situations where a robot interacts with humans using various toy objects. The architecture is based on a cognitive scientific hypothesis that "true imitation" capability consists of a set of sub-functions called "pseudo-imitation". Examples of pseudo-imitation are: (1) assimilation of bodily movements, (2) evoking stereotyped actions associated with a viewed object (tool). We propose that the synergy of these pseudo-imitations leads to higher level imitation. The above hypothesis is realized by implementing the individual pseudo-imitation components and the synergy function as parallel real-time modules. The robot flexibly exhibits various pseudo-imitation as well as their synergy, called "action unit imitation", by the dynamic collective workings of components and the function
Identification and Consequences of Polymorphisms in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha and Beta Genes (2008)

Analysis of the T3 receptor genes revealed 15 SNPs, including 7 novel. Only THRB-in9-G/A was associated with higher serum TSH in a large population of Danish twins.
A Solid Phase C1q Enzyme Assay for Circulating Immune Complexes Adapted for Routine Clinical Laboratory Testing (1983)

An assay for circulating immune complexes (CIC) that is adaptable to a routine clinical laboratory is described. This solid phase C1q (SP C1q) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) uses commercially available reagents and is reproducible with CV% of less than 20% in the abnormal range. We also demonstrate the specificity of the assay for detecting clinically relevant dsDNA-anti-DNA immune complexes.
Direct Catalytic Olefination of Alcohols with Sulfones (2014)

The synthesis of terminal, as well as internal, olefins was achieved by the one-step olefination of alcohols with sulfones catalyzed by a ruthenium pincer complex. Furthermore, performing the reaction with dimethyl sulfone under mild hydrogen pressure provides a direct route for the replacement of alcohol hydroxy groups by methyl groups in one step.
HYPERSENSITIVITY IN ASEPTIC LOOSENING OF TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENTS (1996)

Aseptic loosening is seen in a significant proportion of cemented total hip replacements (THR). In a small subgroup of patients who suffer early loosening polyethylene debris is unlikely to be responsible. We recently reported one case of allergic contact dermatitis to N,N-dimethylparatoluidine (DMT), an accelerator used in bone cement. We have therefore investigated this using skin-patch tests to a variety of substances including metals, polyethylene and the separated individual components of Simplex cement. We studied 70 patients, 15 with aseptic loosening less than two years after THR, 25 with satisfactory long-term cemented fixation, five with infected loosening of cemented THRs and 25 awaiting hip arthroplasty. We found seven positive reactions to DMT, all of them in patients with the rapid onset of aseptic loosening. Allergy to DMT is recognized in the dental profession in respect of the 'denture sore mouth' syndrome, and could also be an occupational hazard since some industrial glues contain DMT. Our results suggest the need for awareness of possible previous dental or occupational exposure of the constituents of bone cement. We recommend the use of skin-patch testing in high-risk cases.
Copper(II) and 2,2′-Biimidazolyl-promoted Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Iodides (2006)

Ullmann-type diaryl ether synthesis can be performed at 100 °C in good to excellent yields by aryl iodides as the substrates under the assistance of copper(II) and 2,2′-biimidazolyl.
Cdk5 controls IL-2 gene expression via repression of the mSin3a-HDAC complex (2015)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a unique member of a family of serine/threonine cyclin-dependent protein kinases. We previously demonstrated disruption of Cdk5 gene expression in mice impairs T-cell function and ameliorates T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we show Cdk5 modulates gene expression during T-cell activation by impairing the repression of gene transcription by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) through specific phosphorylation of the mSin3a protein at serine residue 861. Disruption of Cdk5 activity in T-cells enhances HDAC activity and binding of the HDAC1/mSin3a complex to the IL-2 promoter, leading to suppression of IL-2 gene expression. These data point to essential roles for Cdk5 in regulating gene expression in T-cells and transcriptional regulation by the co-repressor mSin3a.
Optical Transillumination Spectroscopy of Breast Tissue to Determine the Cancer Risk in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women (2003)

Abstract : Cancer risk assessment is becoming an important tool in determining an individual's screening and surveillance needs in order to maximize the probability of early cancer detection, or to initiate interventions. We investigated the use of optical transillumination spectroscopy as a physical measurement to quantify breast cancer risk, using breast tissue density resulting form standard mammography as comparator. By using only non-ionizing radiation, optical transillumination spectroscopy can be applied to women of all ages and frequently. Here, we established the sensitivity and specificity of identifying the parenchymal tissue density in women without radiological lesions, as an indirect measure of breast cancer risk. Parenchymal density pattern and optical transillumination spectroscopy quantifies physical parameters of the breast. Using visible/near infrared light the tissue chromophore compositions and morphology is interrogated. We measured spectra for 4 quadrants in each breast and using principle component analysis were able to achieve a sensitivity and specificity of > 0.97 each, demonstrating that optical transillumination will provide at least the same odds ratio for breast cancer risk as mammographic densities. Future work will focus on establishing a direct link with risk, so as to determine the true odds ration towards breast cancer, and on the feasibility to monitor risk changes in individuals undergoing intervention strategies.
Simultaneous determination of HIV antibodies, hepatitis C antibodies, and hepatitis B antigens in dried blood spots –a feasibility study using a multi-analyte immunoassay (2005)

HIV in particular, as well as hepatitis B and C, present a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Early detection of these diseases may prevent further infections and improve the outcome for patients. In particular, transmission of HIV from mother to child can be significantly reduced when preventive measures are taken before birth. We have developed and optimized a method for the simultaneous detection of HIV 1 and hepatitis B and C from dried blood specimens using the Luminex multi-analyte profiling technology (LabMap). Dried blood spots provide a convenient method for mailing, analysis and storage of samples. Specimens from known HIV-positive children (n=46) as well as hepatitis B- (n=8) and hepatitis C-positive patients (n=7) tested positive in our assay. Storage for up to 10 years did not interfere with the test in the case of HIV-positive patients. Results for five different antibodies and one antigen were obtained in approximately 80 seconds. Furthermore, antibody levels in infants of HIV-positive mothers were monitored over a period of 1 year. Antibodies were no longer detectable after 260-360 days, which compared well with results independently obtained by ELISA and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated the feasibility of the simultaneous detection of infectious diseases from dried blood. Our novel method also provides a convenient tool for monitoring children from HIV-positive mothers and for possible screening efforts.
An Automated Profile Meter for Surface Roughness Measurements (1981)

ABSTRACT A profile meter for measuring linear profiles of stabil-ized sand surfaces was designed and constructed. A series of height measurements was obtained using a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) as the sensing element. A stepper motor and gear train provid-ed the incremental step size between elevations. Data collection, recording and processing were performed using analog and digital computers in a fully automatic operation.
Passive Mine Blast Attenuators Constructed of Rock Rubble for Protecting Ventilation Seals (2009)

The design requirements for mine ventilation seals have undergone a radical transformation in recent years, and these revisions have greatly increased the cost of the seal designs and their construction. For example, in the past two years, new federal regulations have increased the minimum design requirement to withstand explosion pressures from 138 kPa (20 psig) to 345 kPa (50 psig) or 827 kPa (120 psig), depending on whether the sealed mine volume is monitored continuously or not. Moreover, there is still a possibility that under certain conditions (such as detonations) even higher pressure requirements may be necessary. The ability of a monolithic, stand-alone mine seal to reliably withstand the full range of current and future pressures is becoming increasingly difficult and expensive. In an effort to develop a practical alternative, the West Virginia Office of Miners’ Health Safety and Training (WVOMHST) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have collaborated in a research effort to develop a practical, economic, and safe mine sealing technique that can enable mines seals to meet the full range of new explosion pressure design requirements. The basic idea is to use a barrier of common mine gob and rubble in combination with a conventional mine seal so that the pressure resulting from a gas explosion is reflected, absorbed, and attenuated, so the pressure on the ventilation seal is reduced. This paper discusses some concepts and preliminary test results for a “Passive Mine Blast Attenuator” (PMBA) that can provide a useful alternative to increasingly larger and stronger stand-alone mine seals. Numerical models and full-scale experiments conducted at the NIOSH Lake Lynn Laboratory Experimental Mine (LLEM) show that the use of a PMBA can signficantly reduce the blast pressure and impulse on conventional ventilation seals. DISCLAIMER: This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.
Kinetic cooperativity of tyrosinase. A general mechanism. (2011)

Tyrosinase shows kinetic cooperativity in its action on o-diphenols, but not when it acts on monophenols, confirming that the slow step is the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols. This model can be generalised to a wide range of substrates; for example, type S(A) substrates, which give rise to a stable product as the o-quinone evolves by means of a first or pseudo first order reaction (α-methyl dopa, dopa methyl ester, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, α-methyl-tyrosine, tyrosine methyl ester, tyramine, 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), type S(B) substrates, which include those whose o-quinone evolves with no clear stoichiometry (catechol, 4-methylcatechol, phenol and p-cresol) and, lastly, type S(C) substrates, which give rise to stable o-quinones (4-tert-butylcatechol/4-tert-butylphenol).