gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calibration of DNA curvature and a unified description of sequence-directed bending (DNA bending/adenine tract/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/junction model/helix-axis trajectory) (2016)

Chemically synthesized duplex oligodeoxy- nucleotides having different average numbers of adenine tracts (A6) per helix turn were ligated Into multimers and analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The magnitude of the anomaly in gel mobility is found to be a quadratic function of the curvature of the DNA molecule. Parameters that describe intrinsic DNA bending, expressed as the tilt and roll components of the helix-axis deflection at the junctions be- tween the adenine tract and adjacent B-DNA, were adjusted to fit the measured relative curvature of regularly repeated DNA bending sequences known from other studies and synthesized for this study. The model developed here retains the predom- inance of bending in the direction of tilt at the junctions but incorporates an appreciable roll component at the 5' end of an adenine tract, opening the minor groove there. This feature is consistent with chemical footprinting experiments on mol- ecules containing adenine tracts. The overall direction of bending is effectively toward the minor groove, viewed from the center of an As or A6 tract. A possible underlying structure, which can also be described by a wedge bending model, is that derived from fiber diffraction studies of poly(dA)-poly(dT). However, alternative models for the ade- nine tract, such as propeller twisted DNA, cannot be elimi- nated, although they do not lead to the correct direction of bending. The results permit calculation of the helix-axis tra- jectory of natural DNA molecules containing adenine-tract bends.
Comparing loan-level and pool-level mortgage portfolio analysis (2010)

With the help of newly-available tools, we show that using pool-level data rather than loan-level data for mortgage portfolio analysis can lead to substantially different conclusions about the credit risk of the portfolio. This finding is timely as there is an increased interest from market participants and regulators in improved credit risk models for this asset class. Further, recent advances in data accessibility as well as changes in regulatory reporting requirements have led to the increased availability of loan-level mortgage data, facilitating development of loan-level models to achieve higher accuracy in estimating portfolio credit risk. A number of theoretical results, some of which are recent, suggest that loan-level analysis may produce more reliable results than pool-level analysis. We verify this empirically. We present some evidence from a set of experiments that we performed using both approaches. In addition to showing the impact of differences in analytic approach on mortgage portfolios, we use newly introduced software technology to assess impact on tranches of an RMBS transaction. Our findings suggest that, when feasible, loan-level analysis produces more detailed default risk estimates in comparison to pool level analysis due to its more detailed representation of heterogeneous portfolios. This finding holds for a variety of realistic portfolio construction approaches. This finding persists even when we further subset a mortgage pool into dozens of sub-pools and correspondingly use dozens of customized summaries. These results have direct application in the area of retail mortgage credit risk management, RMBS valuation and investment selection.
Acoustic detection of controlled bubble creation by liob in tissue-mimicking gelatin phantoms (2005)

Laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) can produce precise intracellular and intra-tissue effects. LIOB occurs where the breakdown threshold is exceeded, and may be manipulated to target selectively areas within tissues while minimizing damage to surrounding material. The measurable effects of localized breakdown, shock wave emission and microbubble formation, signal targeted areas and generate an object for sensitive acoustic detection and potential manipulation. By varying laser pulse fluence, number, and period, the size and stability of LIOB bubbles may be independently controlled, demonstrating the utility of these bubbles as site-activated ultrasound contrast agents. To monitor breakdown in tissue-mimicking collagen gel phantoms, we use a high-frequency (>50MHz) ultrasound microscopy system to detect LIOB generated shock waves and probe the resulting microbubbles through pulse-echo recordings. Increasing laser pulse fluence and pulse number lengthens bubble lifetime from tens of milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds, but a bubble of particular stability does not necessarily have to be of a particular size. Bubble behavior is independent of pulse period below a fluence-dependent threshold value, but exhibits stochastic behavior if pulse repetition is too slow. Ultimately, pulse fluence, period and number may be varied to stabilize bubble behavior for a given set of conditions. Stability can be maintained only above a threshold size, however. Our high frequency ultrasonic technique has identified system parameters for controllable LIOB-induced bubble creation in tissue-mimicking phantoms.
A novel approach to investigate the deterioration of insulation of oils in power transformers with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2017)

This article presents a non-destructive and non-contact method, based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements, for testing insulation oils which are extracted from different power transformers and in different ages. It is a novel method to investigate the changes of insulation oils at the molecular scale in terahertz region. Optical parameters such as the refractive index and absorption coefficient of samples are calculated based on the amplitude and phase information obtained from the measured terahertz spectra. Wavelet-denoising and smooth spline algorithms are employed to assist with the spectral analysis and signal processing. By comparing the experimental results with the conventional methods, it finds that the deterioration of the transformer oil contribute to existence of carbonyl and hydroxyl compounds and the intensive absorption due to stronger intermolecular interaction results in the changes of the dielectric characteristics. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy offers insight into the deterioration of the electrical properties of insulation oil in power transformers. Hence, it is a useful technique in characterizing dielectric systems and appears capable of discovering the particle disaggregation states in the insulation oil.
Flibe Coolant Cleanup and Processing in the HYLIFE-II Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plant (2001)

In the HYLIFE-II chamber design, a thick flowing blanket of molten-salt (Li{sub 2}BeF{sub 4}) called flibe is used to protect structures from radiation damage. Since it is directly exposed to the fusion target, the flibe will absorb the target debris. Removing the materials left over from target explosions at the rate of {approx}6/s and then recycling some of these materials poses a challenge for the inertial fusion energy power plant. The choice of target materials derives from multi-disciplinary criteria such as target performance, fabricability, safety and environment, corrosion, and cost of recycle. Indirect-drive targets require high-2 materials for the hohlraum. Gold and gadolinium are favorite target materials for laboratory experiments but cost considerations may preclude their use in power plants or at least requires cost effective recycle because a year's supply of gold and gadolinium is estimated at 520 M$ and 40 M$. Environmental and waste considerations alone require recycle of this material. Separation by volatility appears to be the most attractive (e.g., Hg and Xe); centrifugation (e.g., Pb) is acceptable with some problems (e.g., materials compatibility) and chemical separation is the least attractive (e.g. Gd and Hf). Mercury, hafnium and xenon might be substituted with equal target performance and have advantages in removal and recycle due to their high volatility, except for hafnium. Alternatively, lead, tungsten and xenon might be used due to the ability to use centrifugation and gaseous separation. Hafnium or tantalum form fluorides, which will complicate materials compatibility, corrosion and require sufficient volatility of the fluoride for separation. Further complicating the coolant cleanup and processing is the formation of free fluorine due to nuclear transformation of lithium and beryllium in the flibe, which requires chemical control of the fluoride level to minimize corrosion. The study of the choice of target materials and the appropriate processing needs further study because we have not come up with choices which perform as well as gold and gadolinium and which have practical processes for recovery and recycle.
Phospholipid Oxidation Catalyzed by Ferrous Ion and Ascorbic Acid (1984)

Journal Article Phospholipid Oxidation Catalyzed by Ferrous Ion and Ascorbic Acid Get access Miyako Kawakatsu, Miyako Kawakatsu Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Junji Terao, Junji Terao Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Setsuro Matsushita Setsuro Matsushita Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 5, 1 May 1984, Pages 1275–1279, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866305 Published: 01 May 1984 Article history Received: 31 October 1983 Published: 01 May 1984
Target radial velocity estimation robust against additive disturbances for ISAR application (2011)

In radar processing, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) takes advantage of the target rotational motion to provide a 2-D image of the target. The “quality” of this image must be sufficient to be used for target recognition. However, among the main problems to be addressed, the translation motion which is another component of the target motion must be foremost compensated. If this is not the case, a blurred image is obtained. In this paper, we propose a new approach for translation-motion compensation based on the target radial velocity estimation. This method consists in characterizing the radar echoes by several features (mean and wavelet coefficients for instance) and in storing them in sequences which represent the parameter evolution over time. Spectrum analysis methods are then used to get Doppler frequency estimates. To make the estimation robust against additive noise and sea clutter, several estimates are combined to deduce the target radial velocity estimation. Tests on experimental data confirm the validity of the approach.
Federation, a matter of autonomic management in the Future Internet (2010)

In the Future Internet, free exchange of information between enterprise applications and networking systems promotes the personalization of services and enables many different types of end-user applications and management operations optimizing the network performance. As result of this free information exchange, we need to facilitate the federation of information between these applications, harmonizing the differences between operation, management data and information models in heterogeneous networks, and application management systems. This paper concentrates on identifying the research challenges that we have to address in the areas of software engineering and network management supporting federation. In particular, we describe research challenges for federated management systems highlighting the flexibility these systems can offer in the Future Internet communications, when they are able to support value-added federated end-to-end services. As part of our approach, semantic techniques are cited to represent networking information governing technology and/or network protocols offering a wide diversity of end-to-end services as a result of this transparent information sharing process.
The injection of inert gas ions into solids: Their trapping and escape (1980)

Abstract The title of this symposium and proceedings, and of the other papers presented, reveals not only the general interest in the behaviour of rare gases in solids but some of the technological reasons why knowledge of such behaviour is important. Clearly basic information is required to understand fission gas generation and its consequence for swelling and embrittlement in fission reactors, for understanding and controlling first wall problems in fusion reactors and for attempting to design storage for active gas waste. In all of these areas the rare gas atoms are generated with kinetic energy and may thus interact differently, during their slowing down, with the solid than if they had been introduced more gently (e.g. via diffusion) into the solid. An important method of simulating the behaviour of such energetic rare gas atoms in solids is via external irradiation of the solid with rare gas ions of appropriate species and energies and it is the purpose of this review to evaluate studies of this nature.
Mobility enhancement in local strain channel nMOSFETs by stacked a-Si/poly-Si gate and capping nitride (2005)

A local strained channel nMOSFET has been fabricated by a stress control technique utilizing a stacked a-Si/poly-Si gate and a SiN capping layer. It is found that the transconductance (G/sub M/) of nMOSFETs increases as the thickness of a-Si is increased. We also found that the G/sub M/ of devices with the SiN capping layer exhibits a 17% increase compared to that of its counterparts. The stacked gate a-Si/poly-Si with the capping layer can improve the G/sub M/ further to 29% more than the single-poly-Si gate structure without SiN capping layer.
Fabrication and Underwater Testing of a Vector Hydrophone Comprising a Triaxial Piezoelectric Accelerometer and Spherical Hydrophone (2022)

A vector hydrophone is an underwater acoustic sensor that can detect the direction of a sound source. Wide-band characteristics and high sensitivity enhance the performance of underwater surveillance systems in complex environments. A vector hydrophone comprising a triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer and spherical hydrophone was fabricated and tested in the air and underwater. The vector hydrophone was designed to exceed the quantitative figures of merit (i.e., receiving voltage sensitivity and bandwidth) of commercially available hydrophones. Accelerometer performance was enhanced by placing a pair of piezoelectric single crystals on each axis and modifying the seismic mass material. The receiving voltage sensitivity of the omnidirectional hydrophone was approximately −160 dB relative to 1 V/μPa with the amplifier in water; the sensitivity of the accelerometer exceeded 300 mV/g in air and −215 dB relative to 1 V/μPa underwater over the frequency range of interest. The receiving directivity of the vector hydrophone was validated underwater, which confirmed that it could detect the direction of a sound source.
Bromotriphenylsilane (2008)

The title compound, C(18)H(15)BrSi, crystallizes with two almost identical mol-ecules (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.074 Å) in the asymmetric unit. It is isomorphous with chloro-triphenyl-silane.
Manganese: Its Acquisition by and Function in the Lactic Acid Bacteria (1986)

The transition metal manganese is considered to be a minor micronutrient in both pro- and eukaryotes, usually being required from the environment at subnanomolar levels. Until recently, Mn was only known to function in cells as a cofactor for a few enzymatic reactions. A notable exception has been reported in many lactic acid bacterial species which require micromolar medium Mn levels for growth and contain up to 35 mM Mn. These high Mn concentrations are accompanied by the near or complete absence of intracellular iron and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Lacking hemes, Lactobacillus plantarum and related species contain a unique Mn-cofactored catalase as well as millimolar Mn(II) in a nonenzymic complex performing the function of the micromolar superoxide dismutase found in most other aerotolerant cells. The high Mn(II) levels are accumulated via an efficient active transport system and are stored intracellularly in a high molecular weight complex. Study of Lactobacillus plantarum has provided an interesting example of the substitution of Mn for Fe in several of the biological roles of Fe, an alternative mechanism of aerotolerance, and a better understanding of the unique biochemistry of the lactic acid bacteria.
Bioluminescence enzyme immunoassay of 17-.ALPHA.-hydroxyprogesterone using glucose dehydrogenase as label. (1985)

バクテリアルシフェラーゼを用いる生物発光反応を,酵素免疫測定法(EIA)に導入し,17α-ヒドロキシプロゲステロン(17-OHP)の定量に応用した。17-OHPの標識にグルコースデヒドロゲナーゼ(GDH)を用い標識体を合成,これと17-OHPを抗17-OHP抗体へ競合させ,第二抗体固相法により結合型と遊離型を分離した。17-OHP濃度に依存した固相に吸着したGDH活性を,ジヒドロニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドを介する生物発光反応で検出した。測定値は,生物発光酵素試薬が不安定なため1試料を4回測定し,その平均により求めた。この測定法の検出限界は2.5pg/チューブであった。乾燥炉紙血液に応用した場合のラジオイムノアッセイ(血清)との相関係数は0.958であり,ほぼ良好な相関を示した。
GSMA: Gene Set Matrix Analysis, An Automated Method for Rapid Hypothesis Testing of Gene Expression Data (2007)

Background Microarray technology has become highly valuable for identifying complex global changes in gene expression patterns. The assignment of functional information to these complex patterns remains a challenging task in effectively interpreting data and correlating results from across experiments, projects and laboratories. Methods which allow the rapid and robust evaluation of multiple functional hypotheses increase the power of individual researchers to data mine gene expression data more efficiently. Results We have developed (gene set matrix analysis) GSMA as a useful method for the rapid testing of group-wise up- or down-regulation of gene expression simultaneously for multiple lists of genes (gene sets) against entire distributions of gene expression changes (datasets) for single or multiple experiments. The utility of GSMA lies in its flexibility to rapidly poll gene sets related by known biological function or as designated solely by the end-user against large numbers of datasets simultaneously. Conclusions GSMA provides a simple and straightforward method for hypothesis testing in which genes are tested by groups across multiple datasets for patterns of expression enrichment.
Fluorescence efficiency of laser dyes (1976)

Th e Auoresce nce e ffici e nc y of xanthene dyes . oxaz ine dyes, and 7-aminocoumarins is di sc ussed. Relations with th e mol ec ular stru cture are pointed out and depend e nce on solvent and te mpe rature is explained. Se veral ne w Huoresce nce standard s are sugges ted.
Purification and Properties of Bovine Brain Dopamine β‐Hydroxylase (1982)

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was purified from bovine brain by a series of steps including extraction with 0.5% Triton X-100, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and serial chromatographies with Concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose, Biogel A-1.5 m, DEAE-Sephadex, and phenyl-Sepharose. The overall purification was approximately 4200-fold and the final specific activity was 147 nmol/min/mg protein. Bovine brain DBH was apparently a glycoprotein and interacted with immobilized Con A. Furthermore, the enzyme bound to phenyl-substituted agarose by hydrophobic interaction. An approximate molecular weight was estimated to be 400,000 by gel filtration; the protein eluted earlier than bovine adrenal DBH with a molecular weight estimated to be 290,000. The Km values toward tyramine and ascorbate were 1.53 and 1.42 mM, respectively, the optimal pH was 5.0 in the presence of 20 mM tyramine as substrate. Immunological titration studies indicated that bovine brain and adrenal DBH had common antigenic sites. Our data showed a close similarity between the bovine brain and adrenal enzymes.
The Evolution of Plant Hormone Analysis1 (1972)

Abstract The analysis of plant extracts or diffusates for hormones has always bordered on the mysterious, and has been fraught with pitfalls for even determined investigators. Many of the problems have arisen from the exceedingly low concentrations in which hormones generally occur, and which consequently have necessitated the employment of bioassays. In recent years improved instrumentation has made it increasingly feasible to employ physical methods for detection and measurement of these substances. The options available are confusing, particularly to those new to the field. It is the purpose of this brief review to put in perspective the various methods available to an investigator, and to elaborate on the direction we seem to be moving.
Thick, Binder-Free Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrodes for High Power Applications (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Low-dose transdermal estradiol induces breast density and heterogeneity changes comparable to those of raloxifene (2009)

Low-dose transdermal estradiol and raloxifene induced comparable changes in breast density and heterogeneity. Baseline correlations may be explained through relations to obesity. The current study does not yield evidence against the hypothesis that "neither raloxifene nor low dose transdermal estradiol treatment increases the breast cancer risk."
Antiplatelet Therapy (2012)

Platelets play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke. Aspirin used alone or in combination with other antiplatelet drugs has been shown to offer significant benefit to patients at high risk of vascular events. Resistance to the action of aspirin may decrease this benefit. Aspirin resistance has been defined by clinical and/or laboratory criteria; however, detection by laboratory methods prior to experiencing a clinical event will likely provide the greatest opportunity for intervention. Numerous laboratory methods with different cutoff points have been used to evaluate the resistance. Noncompliance with aspirin treatment has also confounded studies. A single assay is currently insufficient to establish resistance. Combinations of results to confirm compliance and platelet inhibition may identify "at-risk" individuals who truly have aspirin resistance. The most effective strategy for managing patients with aspirin resistance is unknown; however, studies are currently underway to address this issue.
Novel self-limiting program scheme utilizing N-channel select transistors in P-channel DINOR flash memory (2002)

This paper describes a novel self-limiting program scheme applying N-channel select transistors in the P-channel DINOR flash memory, which makes it possible to maintain the high programming throughput even for future lower-voltage flash memories. Using this scheme, programming stops automatically at the desired threshold voltage state without any conventional verify operations. Moreover, the width of the additional applied pulses is a very short 0.1 /spl mu/s and therefore it hardly degrades the programming speed at all. This novel scheme is expected to become a key technology for realization of the future, high-performance, lower-supply-voltage P-channel DINOR flash memory.