gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C3I for the home owner (1985)

They look like giant lips, baseball bats, or cartoon characters. They remember phone numbers when you can't. They screen your phone calls, or tell you someone is breaking into your house. They respond to your verbal commands, they question the identity of callers or give them your forwarding number. They turn on your air conditioner or lights, or turn them off. They let you talk to your wife in the kitchen or your grandmother 3000 miles away.
The synthesis of pharmacologically important oxindoles via the asymmetric aldol reaction of isatin and the investigation of the organocatalytic activity of new alicyclic β-amino acid derivatives (2023)

This work involves the synthesis and subsequent development of a number of novel organocatalysts generated from β-amino acids bearing <i>diendo</i> and <i>diexo</i> norbornene skeletons to improve their catalytic characteristics. The aldol reaction between isatin and acetone selected as the model reaction, was used to test and study enantioselectivities. The potential impact on enantioselectivity control regarding enantiomeric excess (ee%) was probed by varying the reaction parameters, such as additive, solvent, catalyst loading, temperature and substrate range. The corresponding 3-hydroxy-3-alkyl-2-oxindole derivetives were produced by organocatalyst 7 with good enantioselectivity up to 57% ee in the presence of LiOH. Substrate screening was used to investigate a number of substituted isatins with excellent findings up to 99% ee. Another aspect of this effort involved employing high-speed ball mill apparatus to conduct a mechanochemical study to make this model reaction more environmentally benign and sustainable.
Escape from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis (2017)

Immune interferon (IFN), also known as IFN-γ, promotes not only immunomodulation but also antimicrobial and anticancer activity. After IFN-γ binds to the complex of IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) 1-IFNGR2 and subsequently activates its downstream signaling pathways, IFN-γ immediately causes transcriptional stimulation of a variety of genes that are principally involved in its biological activities. Regarding IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance, IFN-γ can directly suppress tumorigenesis and infection and/or can modulate the immunological status in both cancer cells and infected cells. Regarding the anticancer effects of IFN-γ, cancer cells develop strategies to escape from IFN-γ-dependent cancer immunosurveillance. Immune evasion, including the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, and suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, is speculated to be elicited by the oncogenic microenvironment. All of these events effectively downregulate IFN-γ-expressing cells and IFN-γ production. In addition to these extrinsic pathways, cancer cells may develop cellular tolerance that manifests as hyporesponsiveness to IFN-γ stimulation. This review discusses the potential escape mechanisms from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis.
Purification of HIV-1 gag virus-like particles and separation of other extracellular particles (2016)

Enveloped virus-like particles (VLPs) are increasingly used as vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Frequently, very time consuming density gradient centrifugation techniques are used for purification of VLPs. However, the progress towards optimized large-scale VLP production increased the demand for fast, cost efficient and scale able purification processes. We developed a chromatographic procedure for purification of HIV-1 gag VLPs produced in CHO cells. The clarified and filtered cell culture supernatant was directly processed on an anion-exchange monolith. The majority of host cell impurities passed through the column, whereas the VLPs were eluted by a linear or step salt gradient; the major fraction of DNA was eluted prior to VLPs and particles in the range of 100-200nm in diameter could be separated into two fractions. The earlier eluted fraction was enriched with extracellular particles associated to exosomes or microvesicles, whereas the late eluting fractions contained the majority of most pure HIV-1 gag VLPs. DNA content in the exosome-containing fraction could not be reduced by Benzonase treatment which indicated that the DNA was encapsulated. Many exosome markers were identified by proteomic analysis in this fraction. We present a laboratory method that could serve as a basis for rapid downstream processing of enveloped VLPs. Up to 2000 doses, each containing 1×10(9) particles, could be processed with a 1mL monolith within 47min. The method compared to density gradient centrifugation has a 220-fold improvement in productivity.
Diagnostic Validity of an Automated Probabilistic Tractography in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (2018)

Our results with good diagnostic validity of WM integrity measurements suggest DTI might be promising neuroimaging tool for early detection of aMCI and AD patients.
A 104.8TOPS/W One-Shot Time-Based Neuromorphic Chip Employing Dynamic Threshold Error Correction in 65nm (2018)

As neural networks continue to infiltrate diverse application domains, computing will begin to move out of the cloud and onto edge devices necessitating fast, reliable, and low power solutions. To meet these requirements, we propose a time-domain core using one-shot delay measurements and a lightweight post-processing technique, Dynamic Threshold Error Correction (DTEC). This design differs from traditional digital implementations in that it uses the delay accumulated through a simple inverter chain distributed through an SRAM array to intrinsically compute resource intensive multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations. Implemented in 65nmLP CMOS we achieve, to our knowledge, the lowest reported energy efficiency for a neuromorphic processor with 52.4TSOp/s/W (104.8TOp/S/W) at 0.7V with 3b resolution for an impressive 19.1fJ/MAC.
Uptake of prenatal diagnostic testing for retinoblastoma compared to other hereditary cancer syndromes in the Netherlands (2016)

Since the 1980s the genetic cause of many hereditary tumor syndromes has been elucidated. As a consequence, carriers of a deleterious mutation in these genes may opt for prenatal diagnoses (PND). We studied the uptake of prenatal diagnosis for five hereditary cancer syndromes in the Netherlands. Uptake for retinoblastoma (Rb) was compared with uptake for Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and hereditary breast ovarian cancer (HBOC). A questionnaire was completed by all nine DNA-diagnostic laboratories assessing the number of independent mutation-positive families identified from the start of diagnostic testing until May 2013, and the number of PNDs performed for these syndromes within these families. Of 187 families with a known Rb-gene mutation, 22 had performed PND (11.8%), this was significantly higher than uptake for FAP (1.6%) and HBOC (<0.2%). For VHL (6.5%) and LFS (4.9%) the difference was not statistically significant. PND for Rb started 3 years after introduction of diagnostic DNA testing and remained stable over the years. For the other cancer syndromes PND started 10-15 years after the introduction and uptake for PND showed an increase after 2009. We conclude that uptake of PND for Rb was significantly higher than for FAP and HBOC, but not different from VHL and LFS. Early onset, high penetrance, lack of preventive surgery and perceived burden of disease may explain these differences.
[Anterograde ureteroscopy in the extraction of lumbar ureteral calculi]. (1986)

Antegrade ureteroscopy can be used to extract certain lumbar ureteric stones in which the only alternative treatment is surgery. The technique of caliceal puncture is that of percutaneous nephrostomy: the ureteroscope is introduced through the Amplatz tube. The ureteric stone is removed by a basket probe, two-pronged forceps or hydroelectric shattering, 16 patients have undergone antegrade ureteroscopy; a rigid ureteroscope was used in 9 cases (2 residual fragments including 1 which migrated) and a flexible ureteroscope was used in 7 cases (3 failures). The overall success rate for the technique of 68% should improve with better selection of the indications (stone with a maximum diameter of 12 mm without retraction of the adjacent ureter and without kinking of the excretory tract) and with greater experience of the operators.
Materials considerations for molten salt accelerator-based plutonium conversion systems (1995)

Accelerator-driven transmutation technology (ADTT) refers to a concept for a system that uses a blanket assembly driven by a source of neutrons produced when high-energy protons from an accelerator strike a heavy metal target. One application for such a system is called Accelerator-Based Plutonium Conversion, or ABC. Currently, the version of this concept being proposed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory features a liquid lead target material and a blanket fuel of molten fluorides that contain plutonium. Thus, the materials to be used in such a system must have, in addition to adequate mechanical strength, corrosion resistance to molten lead, corrosion resistance to molten fluoride salts, and resistance to radiation damage. In this report the corrosion properties of liquid lead and the LiF-BeF{sub 2} molten salt system are reviewed in the context of candidate materials for the above application. Background information has been drawn from extensive past studies. The system operating temperature, type of protective environment, and oxidation potential of the salt are shown to be critical design considerations. Factors such as the generation of fission products and transmutation of salt components also significantly affect corrosion behavior, and procedures for inhibiting their effects are discussed. In view of the potential for extreme conditions relative to neutron fluxes and energies that can occur in an ADTT, a knowledge of radiation effects is a most important factor. Present information for potential materials selections is summarized.
Fluorescent diagnostics of cyanobacteria (2010)

In this studies we used classical and laser methods for cyanobacteria diagnostics: Fluorescence Induction and Relaxation and Non-Linear Laser Fluorimetry in order to obtain the whole set of photophysical parameters of cyanobacteria. Different photophysical processes that take place in photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC6803 were studied with mentioned above fluorescent methods and sets of photophysical parameters were determined. The results allow us to suggest a model of photo adaptation processes under excess irradiance (depending on light intensity and spectrum).
Methanol Accumulation in Maturing Seeds (1990)

Journal Article Methanol Accumulation in Maturing Seeds Get access RALPH L. OBENDORF, RALPH L. OBENDORF 5 Seed Biology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell UniversityIthaca, New York 14853-1901, USA 5To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES L. KOCH, JAMES L. KOCH Seed Biology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell UniversityIthaca, New York 14853-1901, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RYSZARD J GORECKI, RYSZARD J GORECKI Seed Biology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell UniversityIthaca, New York 14853-1901, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD A. AMABLE, RICHARD A. AMABLE Seed Biology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell UniversityIthaca, New York 14853-1901, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARC T. AVENI MARC T. AVENI Seed Biology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell UniversityIthaca, New York 14853-1901, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 41, Issue 4, April 1990, Pages 489–495, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/41.4.489 Published: 01 April 1990 Article history Received: 25 July 1989 Published: 01 April 1990
<title>Development of a multispectral autoradiography using a coded aperture</title> (2000)

Autoradiography is a useful imaging technique to understand biological functions using tracers including radio isotopes (RI's). However, it is not easy to describe the distribution of different kinds of tracers simultaneously by conventional autoradiography using X-ray film or Imaging plate. Each tracer describes each corresponding biological function. Therefore, if we can simultaneously estimate distribution of different kinds of tracer materials, the multispectral autoradiography must be a quite powerful tool to better understand physiological mechanisms of organs. So we are developing a system using a solid state detector (SSD) with high energy- resolution. Here, we introduce an imaging technique with a coded aperture to get spatial and spectral information more efficiently. In this paper, the imaging principle is described, and its validity and fundamental property are discussed by both simulation and phantom experiments with RI's such as <SUP>201</SUP>Tl, <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc, <SUP>67</SUP>Ga, and <SUP>123</SUP>I.
A superfusion system to study border zones in confluent cultures of neonatal rat heart cells (1998)

We present a new experimental method to study intracellular ion regulation in cultured cardiomyocytes at a border zone separating two different and distinct environments. Our system uses a dual-flow superfusion chamber to produce two different but adjacent environments over a monolayer of cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent microscopy of fluorescein showed that the transition between the two environments was nearly linear and was 220-320 micron wide depending on fluid viscosity and velocity. We superfused cultured monolayers on one side with a solution at pH 6.5 and on the other side with a solution at pH 7.4. We observed a sharply demarcated difference in intracellular pH (pHi) between the two halves of the cell monolayer as measured with the fluorescent pHi indicator carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1. The demarcation of pHi corresponded well with the demarcation of the border measured with fluorescein. We conclude that our superfusion system will facilitate the study of intercellular communication and interactions across boundaries of cardiac tissue where different ionic or metabolic conditions are present, for example, between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium.
Interaction of psychotropic agents with central neurotransmitters as revealed by their effects on PGO waves in the cat. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The <span style="font-style: italic;">Gambling Behaviour Quarterly Telephone Survey</span> produces overall official statistics estimates of gambling participation, prevalence of problem gambling and perceptions of gambling based on a set of questions commissioned by the Gambling Commission in a standalone telephone survey conducted by Yonder. The findings from the survey allow the Gambling Commission to make informed policy decisions and be the authoritative voice on gambling statistics.<br><br>The survey is conducted on a quarterly basis in March, June, September and December each year with approximately 1,000 interviews conducted per quarter. The sample is nationally representative (in terms of age, gender and region) of adults aged 16 and over. Each quarterly survey captures past four-week gambling behaviour and results are reported on a rolling year average of the four quarters in the year to reduce the effect of seasonal variations in gambling behaviour.<br><br>
From biomarkers to therapeutic targets: the promise of PD-L1 in thyroid autoimmunity and cancer (2020)

The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint proteins hold promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for precision oncology. By restoring antitumor T cell surveillance, the high degree of effectiveness of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the majority of patients (65-80 %) treated with ICIs experience significant side effects, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), resulting in autoimmune damage to various organs. Therefore, broadening the clinical applicability of these treatments to all cancer types requires an improved understanding of the mechanisms linking cancer immune evasion and autoimmunity. The thyroid is the endocrine gland the most frequently involved in autoimmunity and cancer, the growing incidence of which is raising serious public health issues worldwide. In addition, the risk of developing thyroid cancer is increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common irAEs, especially with PD‑1/PD-L1 blockade. Therefore, we chose the thyroid as a model for the study of the link between autoimmunity, irAEs, and cancer. We provide an update into the current knowledge of the PD‑1/PD-L1 axis and discuss the growing interest of this axis in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of thyroid diseases within the context of autoimmunity and cancer, while embracing personalized medicine.
P3‐007: Development of tau proteolytic activity as a target for drug discovery (2012)

Tau is a microtubule binding protein that normally functions in axons to maintain microtubule structure but is hyperphosphorylated in AD facilitating its dissociation from microtubules and accumulation in the somatodendritic compartment where it can aggregate (Iqbal et al. 2010). Neurofibrillary tangles, primarily composed of tau protein are a pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the oligomeric forms of tau appear to be most closely associated with neuronal loss and memory impairment in mouse models of tauopathy (Berger et al. 2007; Yoshiyama et al. 2007). Tau oligomers were also found to accumulate in human AD brain specimens (Maeda et al. 2006; Patterson et al. 2011; Lasagna-Reeves et al. 2012). Importantly, extracellular tau oligomers have been shown to cause memory impairment and toxicity in mice inhibiting formation of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices and formation of associative fear memory (Fá et al. 2010) and to induce neurodegeneration by affecting mitochondrial and synaptic function (Lasagna-Reeves et al. 2012). Here, we describe tau protease activity, screening of inhibitors and the development of HTS assays for drug discovery targeting tau protease. Tau oligomers prepared from recombinant human 4R/2N tau protein were highly purified and used for protease assays. Reverse-phase HPLC was used to assay tau protease activity on peptides from tau and other proteins. An Envision plate reader was used for a peptide-based FRET assay of protease inhibitors. The class of tau protease was determined using protease inhibitors. Autoproteolytic cut sites were characterized by mass spectrometry. Tubulin and peptides from APP and α-endorphin were shown to be cleaved by tau protease. Tau constructs with amino acid substitutions have been produced and are being assayed to determine the active site amino acids. Tau protease activity is dependent on oligomerization causing self-fragmentation, as well as cleavage of other proteins that may be indicative of a direct pathological of tau in AD. The disease relevance of this activity is being studied as this may represent an important mechanism in the development of pathology and a druggable target for the development of therapeutics and biomarkers.
Synthesis, Toxicity, and Biodegradation of Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids (TAAILs) (2013)

TAAILs (Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids) are a new class of ionic liquids with an entirely new cationic substructure and a completely different charge distribution. They have a broad potential for applications, e.g., in metal extraction. In compliance with the basic principles of green chemistry, the optimization of the technological properties of chemicals should be investigated in parallel with the minimization of their (eco)toxicological hazard potential. In this study, we therefore synthesized and assessed the environmental effects of seven congeneric cations with different substitution patterns. In vitro assays with the isolated enzyme acetylcholinesterase and the cytotoxicity assay with IPC-81 cells were used, in conjunction with two in vivo tests using the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the limnic green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus, to assess the biological activity of these ionic liquids. Their biodegradability was tested using available procedures. Throughout this manuscript, special emphasis will be placed on the question of whether biological effects observed for TAAILs are hydrophobicity based (as was found for many common ILs) or whether the unique electronic structure of TAAILs changes the toxicity and/or the biodegradability in comparison with "standard" ionic liquid structures.
THE PERCEPTION OF YOUNG CONSUMERS ABOUT THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY (2018)

Knowledge and application of circular economy principles can help move faster to an economy that provides a high level of environmental protection with major economic benefits, thus contributing to job creation and economic growth. The study aims to analyze the perception of young consumers regarding the application of the principles of the circular economy in Romania. The methodology of the research was based on a systematic review of the literature, complemented by information collected through an online survey among 130 young consumers. The results showed that the application of the principles of the circular economy must take into account the impact on costs and consumers, supporting the development of innovative environmental projects.
Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Bearing N-Naphthyl Side Chains (2010)

A series of second-generation ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts bearing N-naphthyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been prepared and fully characterized. By reaction with the appropriate NHC, these complexes are readily accessible in one synthesis step from the commercially available first-generation precursors [RuCl2(═CHPh)(PCy3)2] (Grubbs I, GI) or [RuCl2(═CH-o-iPrO-Ph)(PCy3)] (Hoveyda−Grubbs I, HGI) by simple exchange of one phosphine ligand with the free NHCs. Time-dependent conversions in the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of standard substrates leading to di- as well as trisubstituted olefins have been measured for these catalysts. When benchmarked against the parent SIMes-containing the Grubbs II precatalyst (GII), most of these new NHC structures show enhanced reactivity in RCM. From these comparative studies, valuable information was gathered which shows that the alkyl substitution on the naphthyl side chains can enhance or lower the catalytic performance, depending on the bulk and the position of these alkyl groups. The behavior of the best performing precatalysts has been investigated in the RCM of a series of representative substrates, in enyne metathesis reactions as well as in cross-metathesis (CM).