gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional image construction and spectrum extraction from two dimensional elemental mapping in Auger electron spectroscopy (2008)

Three dimensional Auger elemental distributions have been constructed from the combination of high spatial resolution, two dimensional Auger maps obtained at multiple sputter depths. These three dimensional elemental distributions have been used to compare the interfacial regions for two kinds of silicon on insulator wafers. It is clearly seen that silicon oxide is formed as an island structure for the SIMOX specimen, whereas the UNIBOND specimen has a featureless structure at the Si∕SiO2 interface. Linear least squares fitting from several two dimensional maps obtained at different energies have been used to produce energy dispersive spectra from specific regions of high spatial resolution Auger maps. This technique was used to examine the interface region exposed from sputter craters through a silicon dioxide layer on a silicon substrate and through a Ni silicide film on a silicon substrate. The Si LVV spectra for the elemental silicon, oxide, and silicide components extracted from the multiple energy two dimensional maps can be used to map the chemical components in the interfacial regions.
(Invited) Nitrogenase Electrochemistry for Ammonia Production (2018)

The Haber-Bosch process, responsible for producing NH 3 from H 2 and N 2 , ranks as one of the most important discoveries in the history of chemistry. Its industrial application in synthetic fertilizers contributed to the continuously increasing population and their quality of life. The Haber-Bosch process, however, is a very energy-intensive process with high temperature (500 °C) and pressure (20 MPa) required for efficient NH 3 production. Over 1 % of the world’s energy sources were consumed in order to produce ~140 megatons of NH 3 in 2015. Additionally, 3 % of global CO 2 emissions are due to the Haber-Bosch related technology. A renewable strategy for ammonia production would therefore be valuable. In nature, the ability to reduce N 2 to NH 3 is limited to a group of bacteria and archaea classified as diazotrophs, all of which share an enzyme called nitrogenase. Using methylviologen (N,N’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium) to shuttle electrons to nitrogenase, N 2 reduction to NH 3 can be mediated at an electrode surface. The coupling of this nitrogenase cathode with a bioanode which utilizes the enzyme hydrogenase to oxidize molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) results in an enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) that is able to produce NH 3 from H 2 and N 2 , while simultaneously producing an electrical current. To demonstrate this, 60 mC of charge was passed across H 2 /N 2 EFCs, which resulted in the formation of 286 nmol NH 3 mg -1 MoFe protein, corresponding to a Faradaic efficiency of 26.4 %. Importantly, this EFC produces NH 3 and electrical energy in a carbon-neutral manner. A protective FeSII protein, which can reversibly lock nitrogenase into a multicomponent protective complex upon exposure to low concentrations of O 2 , was incorporated into a nitrogenase bioelectrosynthetic cell whereby NH 3 was produced using air as a substrate. This marks a significant step forward in overcoming the crippling limitation of nitrogenase’s sensitivity toward O 2 .
Efficient 3D triangulation in hardware for dense structure-from-motion in low-speed automotive scenarios (2014)

With the introduction of surround view cameras in modern vehicles and the possibility of calculating dense motion fields in real-time from a moving camera a detailed 3D reconstruction of the static environment is possible (structure-from-motion). Beside the necessity of a motion field between two image frames the task of triangulating those individual 2D point matches to 3D points in the world becomes non real-time on modern CPUs when to be repeated for all image points. In this work we evaluate different approaches to the 3D triangulation optimization problem in a typical structure-from-motion processing chain for an efficient implementation in hardware. An architecture for solving this problem using linear triangulation with an inhomogeneous solution to the equation system is proposed. We evaluate our implementation using FPGAs against a software-implementation with synthetic datasets and from low-speed parking area scenes for numerical accuracy and real-time capabilities. In addition the proposed fixed-point arithmetic implementation is compared against an implementation using floating-point units.
Invertible Neural Networks for Inverse Design of CTLE in High-speed Channels (2020)

Designing CTLE of high-speed channels can be complicated and time consuming. To alleviate this issue, this paper investigates the invertible neural networks (INNs) for inverse design of the CTLE. In this approach, a desired eye height and eye width is given, and the algorithm finds the corresponding peaking frequency and gain value of the CTLE. INN is a special type of neural networks that can be traversed in both forward and reverse directions. An advantage of this network is producing distribution of the input variables based on the desired output. This feature enables the algorithm to provide multiple solutions when a multi-modal distribution is produced. Thus, the user can choose the appropriate solution based on other constraints. A numerical example for inverse design of CTLE of a SerDes channel is provided, which results in moderate accuracy. However, other variations of the example show that the accuracy is case dependent which implies improvements on the algorithm is needed.
Learn Convolutional Neural Network for Face Anti-Spoofing (2014)

Though having achieved some progresses, the hand-crafted texture features, e.g., LBP [23], LBP-TOP [11] are still unable to capture the most discriminative cues between genuine and fake faces. In this paper, instead of designing feature by ourselves, we rely on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn features of high discriminative ability in a supervised manner. Combined with some data pre-processing, the face anti-spoofing performance improves drastically. In the experiments, over 70% relative decrease of Half Total Error Rate (HTER) is achieved on two challenging datasets, CASIA [36] and REPLAY-ATTACK [7] compared with the state-of-the-art. Meanwhile, the experimental results from inter-tests between two datasets indicates CNN can obtain features with better generalization ability. Moreover, the nets trained using combined data from two datasets have less biases between two datasets.
Binding and uptake of H-ferritin are mediated by human transferrin receptor-1 (2010)

Ferritin is a spherical molecule composed of 24 subunits of two types, ferritin H chain (FHC) and ferritin L chain (FLC). Ferritin stores iron within cells, but it also circulates and binds specifically and saturably to a variety of cell types. For most cell types, this binding can be mediated by ferritin composed only of FHC (HFt) but not by ferritin composed only of FLC (LFt), indicating that binding of ferritin to cells is mediated by FHC but not FLC. By using expression cloning, we identified human transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) as an important receptor for HFt with little or no binding to LFt. In vitro, HFt can be precipitated by soluble TfR1, showing that this interaction is not dependent on other proteins. Binding of HFt to TfR1 is partially inhibited by diferric transferrin, but it is hindered little, if at all, by HFE. After binding of HFt to TfR1 on the cell surface, HFt enters both endosomes and lysosomes. TfR1 accounts for most, if not all, of the binding of HFt to mitogen-activated T and B cells, circulating reticulocytes, and all cell lines that we have studied. The demonstration that TfR1 can bind HFt as well as Tf raises the possibility that this dual receptor function may coordinate the processing and use of iron by these iron-binding molecules.
INTRODUCTION (2010)

'Big freeze' conditions, storms, severe flooding, droughts, and heatwaves - recent extremes in weather, with their resultant physical, economic and human losses, highlight the vulnerability of society to changes in the atmosphere. Atmospheric pollution, urbanization, natural atmospheric disasters are causing dramatic changes in climatic environments.Applied Climatology examines the effects of climate on physical, biological and cultural environments. Specialist contributors from Europe, North America and Australasia examine the impacts of changing climates on the functioning and development of physical biological environments including glaciers, water resources, landforms, soils, vegetation and animals.Weather and climate effects day-to-day activities and lifestyles from the clothes we wear to the buildings we design, and the food and energy we produce. This book focusses on the relationship between climate and a wide range of human activities and responses relating to health and comfort, building design, transport systems, agriculture and fisheries, tourism and social, industrial and legal issues.Climate-environment relationships and impacts on human activities are predicted to change dramatically if global warming accelerates at the rates currently proposed. Applied Climatology examines the characteristics and consequences of the changing global climate and considers the future for both natural and human environments.
Comparison of biphasic material properties of equine articular cartilage from stress relaxation indentation tests with and without tension-compression nonlinearity (2018)

Abstract The mechanical parameters of articular cartilage estimated from indentation tests depend on the constitutive model adopted to analyze the data. In this study, we present a 3D-FE-based method to determine the biomechanical properties of equine articular cartilage from stress relaxation indentation tests (ε = 6 %, t = 1000 s ) whereby articular cartilage is modeled as a biphasic material without (BM) and with tension-compression nonlinearity (BMTCN). The FEmodel computation was optimized by exploiting the axial symmetry and mesh resolution. Parameter identification was executed with the Levenberg-Marquardt-algorithm. The R² of the fit results varies between 0.695 and 0.930 for the BMmodel and between 0.877 and 0.958 for the BMTCN-model. The differences of the R² occur from the more exact description of the initial stress relaxation behaviour by the fiber modulus from the BMTCN-model. The fiber modulus defines the collagen matrix of cartilage. Furthermore, for both models the determined values of Young’s modulus and permeability were in the same order of magnitude.
Railroad crossing structures for spotted turtles: Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority– Greenbush rail line wildlife crossing demonstration project (2005)

Loss of access to critical habitats is a key wildlife concern, particularly for species listed for protection by state and federal agencies. Rail corridors pose unique design challenges by virtue of the need to avoid abrupt changes in track curves and grade in the right of way (ROW). Spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) are particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation due to their limited mobility and dependence on a diversity of specific foraging, nesting, and aestivation habitats. Spotted turtles also display an apparent reluctance to enter or cross through narrow and confined culverts typically found under road and rail line ROWs. In association with the Greenbush Line Commuter Railroad Restoration Project, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority initiated a demonstration project in spring of 2003 to determine the effectiveness of a proposed railroad crossing structure in an urbanized landscape. Three identical, open-air prototypes were positioned in the ROW of a former railroad bed between adjacent wetlands known to support spotted turtles. Each structure was linked with temporary funneling barriers along the track edges. Structure placement was in accordance with microhabitat survey assessments, radio telemetry data, and direct movement observations. To evaluate the effectiveness of the structures, remote photographic stations were established at each crossing, and radio telemetry was used to track turtle movements. Monitoring was conducted from April 2, 2003, until July 8, 2003. Study results demonstrated spotted turtle crossing patterns and frequency through the ROW during the monitoring period similar to that prior to barrier development. Crossings also were shown to be utilized by 17 other wildlife species, including reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. The demonstration project concluded that location and design of the crossing structures provided an effective means of maintaining habitat connectivity for a variety of wildlife species, as well as spotted turtles. As part of the Conservation and Management Plan developed for the Greenbush Line Project, which is now under construction, 45 wildlife crossing structures are proposed at key locations along the ROW. A post-construction monitoring plan will be conducted to evaluate the use of these structures by wildlife species.
Biological activity of cyclopaldic acid, a major toxin of Seiridium cupressi, its six derivatives, and iso‐cyclopaldic acid (1995)

Cyclopaldic acid (CA), its six derivatives, and iso-cyclopaldic acid (IsoCA) were assayed for toxicity to cuttings of three species of cypress, as well as to mung bean, oat, and tomato explants. Toxicity to host and non-host plants of CA derivatives having one or both of the aldehyde groups transformed was less than that of CA. Shoot tissues of Cupressus macrocarpa artificially infected by Seiridium cupressi leached electrolytes more than those of C. sempervirens and C. arizonica. CA, IsoCA, and to a lesser extent the monoacetylated, phenylhydrazone and hydrogenated derivatives of CA caused loss of electrolytes from cypress tissues. CA, IsoCA, and monoacetyl CA caused limited callus development of cypress tissues. Diacetylhydrazone CA enhanced the yield of cypress callus tissue. CA derivatives having both aldehyde groups modified induced root formation on cypress cuttings. The antifungal activity showed by CA toward species of Botrytis, Fusarium, and Geotrichum markedly decreased in its derivatives. The inhibitory effect of CA on esterases was exhibited also by IsoCA and the monoacetylated derivative.
Polymerizations of Nitrophenylsulfonyl-Activated Aziridines (2018)

1-((p-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)aziridine (pNsAz) and 1-((o-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)aziridine (oNsAz) were synthesized, and their polymerization chemistry was studied. Upon heating, pNsAz formed an insoluble white powder. In contrast, poly(oNsAz) is soluble in DMF and DMSO. Attempts were made to convert poly(oNsAz) to linear poly(ethylenimine) (lPEI) through removal of the o-nosyl group using sodium thiomethoxide. Although some evidence for the formation of lPEI was found, formation of pure lPEI was not possible. oNsAz is susceptible to spontaneous polymerization when stored neat or in a polar solvent (e.g., DMSO and DMF). Poly(oNsAz), formed from the spontaneous polymerization of oNsAz, was analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and composed of signals consistent with either OH or H2O acting as initiators for an anionic polymerization. Experiments studying the kinetics of oNsAz showed that the rate of polymerization was first order with respect to monomer concentration. It was also possible to initiate the anionic polymerization of oNsAz using BnN(Li)Ms. At low oNsAz:BnN(Li)Ms ratios, some control over molecular weight was achieved; however, at higher ratios, control was no longer possible, likely due to the presence of protic impurities that contaminate the monomer. Chain extension and propargyl chloride termination experiments were also performed with BnN(Li)Ms initiated polymerization of oNsAz.
Development of a sheep model of atrial fibrillation for preclinical prosthetic valve testing. (2007)

Currently, prosthetic heart valve testing is performed on animal models with no underlying cardiovascular pathologies. Unfortunately, unforeseen adverse events may occur when heart valves tested in animals in normal sinus rhythm are implanted in patients suffering from arrhythmias. For example, the Medtronic Parallel valve functioned well in pre-clinical testing, but a high rate of thromboembolic complications appeared when the valve was placed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the increasing number of patients afflicted with AF, an animal model of the disorder is needed to more accurately predict a valve's function in the clinical setting. Among methods available for inducing AF, electrophysiological pacing is the most practiced, but the challenges associated with pacing have led to the development of alternative methods of inducing AF These methods include gene transfer and a pharmacologic approach with acetylcholine and catecholamines. Finally, although stem cells have been widely investigated in terms of their therapeutic benefits, the use of their well-reported pro-arrhythmic behavior shows great promise for the development of an AF model in sheep. Such a model would have the potential for detecting adverse outcomes with mechanical heart valves before implantation in the clinical setting.
Resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice globally overexpressing OGH/GPB5 (2005)

We identified a glycoprotein hormone beta-subunit (OGH, also called GPB5) that, as a heterodimer with the alpha-subunit GPA2, serves as a second ligand for the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Mice in which the OGH gene is deleted (OGH-/-) are indistinguishable from WT littermates in body weight, response to high-fat diet, metabolic parameters, body composition, and insulin tolerance. Mice engineered to transgenically globally overexpress OGH (OGH-TG) develop approximately 2-fold elevations in their basal thyroid levels and weigh slightly less than WT littermates despite increased food intake because of an increase in their metabolic rates. Moreover, when OGH-TG mice are challenged with a high-fat diet, they gain significantly less weight and body fat than their WT littermates. The OGH-TG mice also have reduced blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In contrast to other approaches in which the thyroid axis is activated, OGH-TG mice exhibit only minor changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Our findings suggest that constitutive low-level activation of the thyroid axis (via OGH or other means) may provide a beneficial therapeutic approach for combating diet-induced obesity.
Principles of bioinorganic chemistry (1995)

An Overview of Bioinorganic Chemistry Principles of Coordination Chemistry Related to Bioinorganic Research Properties of Biological Molecules Physical Methods in Bioinorganic Chemistry Choice and Assembly of Metal Ions in Biology Control and Utilization of Metal Ion Concentrations in Cells Metal Ion Folding and Crosslinking of Biomolecules Metal Ion Binding to Biomolecule Active Centres Electron Transfer Proteins Substrate Binding and Activation Atom and Group Transfer Chemistry Protein Turning of Metal Properties to Achieve Specific Functions Frontiers of Bioinorganic Chemistry.
Reply to Gonsamo et al.: Effect of the Eastern Atlantic-West Russia pattern on Amazon vegetation has not been demonstrated (2015)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Le cancer et les virus oncogènes (1974)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Effects of baclofen on the functional anatomy of the oesophago-gastric junction and proximal stomach in healthy volunteers and patients with GERD assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution manometry: a randomised controlled double-blind st (2014)

Baclofen inhibits transient LES relaxations and augments LES pressure and length. Additionally, baclofen has effects on the 'functional anatomy' of the OGJ and proximal stomach in GERD patients, which may suppress reflux by means of a 'flap valve' mechanism.
Hops and Health (2009)

In Germany, hop was recently recognized as the “Medicinal Plant of the Year.” This is reason enough to take a closer look at this ancient, cultured plant, which is predominantly known for its role in beer brewing. This paper discusses the history of hop as a medicinal plant and provides a review of recent research on its health benefits. The hop plant is a valuable and untapped resource for interesting developments in nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, and other health-promoting products. Moreover, raw hop materials are a key to a better understanding of the possible health-related benefits of moderate beer consumption.
Performance and degradation of continuous-wave InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes on epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN substrates (2000)

The performance and degradation characteristics of continuous-wave (cw) InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes are reported. A cw threshold current as low as 62 mA was obtained for ridge-waveguide laser diodes on epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN on sapphire substrates grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a defect density &amp;lt;5×107 cm−2 in the active region. The emission wavelength was near 400 nm with output powers greater than 20 mW per facet. Under cw conditions, laser oscillation was observed up to 70 °C. The room-temperature cw operation lifetimes, measured at a constant output power of 2 mW, exceeded 15 h. From the temperature dependence of the laser diode lifetimes, an activation energy of 0.50 eV±0.05 eV was determined.
Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics (2013)

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we present the fabrication protocol for a multilayered SAW acoustic counterflow device. The device is fabricated starting from a lithium niobate (LN) substrate onto which two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and appropriate markers are patterned. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel cast on an SU8 master mold is finally bonded on the patterned substrate. Following the fabrication procedure, we show the techniques that allow the characterization and operation of the acoustic counterflow device in order to pump fluids through the PDMS channel grid. We finally present the procedure to visualize liquid flow in the channels. The protocol is used to show on-chip fluid pumping under different flow regimes such as laminar flow and more complicated dynamics characterized by vortices and particle accumulation domains.
Recent advances in the understanding of polycystic kidney disease (1997)

Polycystic kidney disease is characterized by localized autonomous cellular proliferation, compartmentalized fluid accumulation within the cysts, and intraparenchymal fibrosis of the kidney. The clinical features include renal failure, liver cysts, and vascular and cardiac valve abnormalities. Recent developments have extended our understanding of cyst formation, fluid secretion, and the genetics of polycystic kidney disease. Two causal genes for polycystic kidney disease, PKD1 and PKD2, that are responsible for greater than 95% of cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, have been identified and sequenced. The mechanisms of cystogenesis are being uncovered and the phenotypic features of cystic epithelial cells are being discovered. This review describes recent advances made in the molecular biology of the genetic causes of polycystic kidney disease. The mechanistic details of cystogenesis are discussed and contrasted with the paradigms that guide current experimental approaches.