gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full‐field measurement of contact‐point and crack‐tip deformations in soda‐lime glass. Part‐I: Quasi‐static Loading (2017)

Abstract Transparent brittle ceramics such as soda‐lime glass pose unique challenges for performing full‐field optical measurement of deformations and stresses to characterize fracture and failure behaviors. Low fracture toughness coupled with high stiffness and elastic wave speeds are among the factors responsible for some of these challenges as deformations tend to be small and confined to an extremely small region near the stress concentrators. Need for strong birefringence, elaborate optics, or lack of sufficient measurement sensitivity are some of the factors against legacy techniques such as photoelasticity, optical interferometry, and speckle methods, respectively, to study soda‐lime glass. Motivated by these factors, the feasibility of Digital Gradient Sensing ( DGS ) method to measure crack‐tip and contact‐induced deformations in soda‐lime glass under quasi‐static loading is demonstrated. This first of a two parts paper demonstrates the applicability of DGS for the problem under quasi‐static loading condition. The optical measurements are used to evaluate the relevant parameters and compare with the analytical solutions. The second part of this study is focused on measuring contact‐point and crack‐tip deformations during impact‐induced stress wave loading.
A hand-held augmented reality projection system using trifocal tensors and Kalman filter (2011)

In this paper, we proposed a tensor-based hand-held projection system that makes use of pure computer vision techniques. Using a projector and two cameras, the system is able to spatially augment content on movable rigid surfaces, such as a map or a book. The advantage of our system is that neither attachment of sensors to the projection surface nor the prior reconstruction of the surface structure is required. Application examples include projecting information on a map to provide travel plan guidance or additional information on interesting sites such as hospitals, banks etc. To achieve this, a calibrated stereo camera pair is used as the tracking system for the projected surface and a non-calibrated projector is used for the projection. Our main contribution is on using trifocal tensors to lock the positions of the cameras, the projection surface and the projector. Augmented content is then generated and projected to the required surface accurately. Experimental results show that our system can project the augmented content onto the projection surface in high precision in real-time.
Erste Ergebnisse des postoperativen Astigmatismusveriaufes nacb "Clear Cornea Incision" und Wundverscblu6 obne Nabt (1993)

Zusammenfassung. Eine prospektive Studie untersucht eine Gruppe von 49 konsekutiven Patienten nach Phakoemulsifikation und Implantation einer Hinterkammerlinse beztiglich ihres postoperativen Astigmatismusverlaufes tiber mindestens 3 Monate. Als Zugang in die Vorderkammer wurde eine sogenannte Clear-Cornea-Technik von temporal gewahlt. Die Schnittlange betrug je nach Linsentyp 4,0- 5,2 mm. Der WundverschluB wurde ohne Naht erreicht. Die Daten wurden an 5 Kontrollzeitpunkten erhoben und in bezug auf die Hohe und den Veri auf der Keratometriewerte ausgewertet. Es wurden der absolute und der indu­ zierte Astigmatismus erfaBt. Die Achsenverlaufe wurden analysiert und Untergruppen gebil­ det bzw. mittels Vektoranalyse die Richtung und GroBe der auf die Kornea wirkenden Krafte bestimmt. Bezogen auf den Ausgangswert lag bereits unmittelbar postoperativ ein geringer induzierter Ausgangswert Astigmatismus nach der Regel vor, welcher wahrend des Beobach­ tungszeitraumes eine Rtickbildung in Richtung des Ausgangswertes zeigte. In der Mehrzahl der Faile blieb die Achsenlage konstant. Summary. A prospective study examines a group of 49 consecutive cases each following phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation regarding its postoperative astigmatism during a minimum of 3 months. To enter the anterior chamber we performed a Clear Cornea technique from the temporal side. A self-sealing corneal valve was prepared. The length of the scleral incision was - depending on the type of IOL - 4.0 to 5.2 mm. Data were collected at 5 control times and evaluated with reference to the height and time shift of keratometric values. The absolute and induced astigmatism were calculated, vector analysis was performed in order to determine the intensity and direction of the power work­ ing on the cornea, axial changes were analysed and subgroups composed. Immediately after the operation we already had, related to the preoperative value, a small surgically induced astigmatism. It exhibited a shift towards with-the-rule astigmatism, which, to a large extent, returned to its preoperative value. Most of the cases showed minimal axial changes.
The role of hole leakage in 1300-nm InGaAsN quantum-well lasers (2003)

We calculate the thermionic escape times of electrons and holes in InGaAsN and InGaAs quantum wells using the most recent input data. The short thermionic escape time of holes from the InGaAsN quantum well indicates that hole leakage may be a significant factor in the poorer temperature characteristics of InGaAsN quantum-well lasers compared to those of InGaAs devices. We suggest a structure that results in an increased escape time, which will allow the reduction of hole leakage in these devices.
Getting into position: the catalytic mechanisms of protein ubiquitylation (2004)

The role of protein ubiquitylation in the control of diverse cellular pathways has recently gained widespread attention. Ubiquitylation not only directs the targeted destruction of tagged proteins by the 26 S proteasome, but it also modulates protein activities, protein-protein interactions and subcellular localization. An understanding of the components involved in protein ubiquitylation (E1s, E2s and E3s) is essential to understand how specificity and regulation are conferred upon these pathways. Much of what we know about the catalytic mechanisms of protein ubiquitylation comes from structural studies of the proteins involved in this process. Indeed, structures of ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) have provided insight into their mechanistic details. E3s (ubiquitin ligases) contain most of the substrate specificity and regulatory elements required for protein ubiquitylation. Although several E3 structures are available, the specific mechanistic role of E3s is still unclear. This review will discuss the different types of ubiquitin signals and how they are generated. Recent advances in the field of protein ubiquitylation will be examined, including the mechanisms of E1, E2 and E3. In particular, we discuss the complexity of molecular recognition required to impose selectivity on substrate selection and topology of poly-ubiquitin chains.
Discontinuity analysis for video processing (2007)

One of the fundamental types of discontinuity in video is the shot change, connecting footage from two different recordings.Detection of these shot change events is a key first step in any video retrieval or analysis system of significant scale, and has been an active area of work for over fifteen years.In this chapter, an problem overview and review of the literature is presented.Because of the vast quantity of work done in this area, a fully comprehensive review is outside the scope of this work.For further background, the reader is directed to the review papers by Costaces [69], Koprinska and Carrato [185], Lienhart [202], Boreczky [37,38], and Ahanger and Little [5].The review paper by Lefevre et al. [195] focuses on real-time techniques in the uncompressed domain.
ALMOST CONVERGENCE OF SEQUENCES IN BANACH SPACES IN WEAK, STRONG, AND ABSOLUTE SENSES (2006)

We introduce concepts of σ-lim sup and σ-lim inf for bounded sequences
of real numbers and show a Cauchy criterion for sequences of vectors
which converge in the sense of aσ-limit (i.e., absolute almost convergence).
Then a sufficient condition on a bounded sequence {{x(m)
n }∞
n=1
}∞
m=1
⊂ ∞(X)
is given for the following equality to hold:
aσ- lim
m→∞σ- lim
n→∞x(m)
n = σ- lim
n→∞aσ- lim
m→∞x(m)
n .
Finally, applying this result we show that σ- lim
n→∞
f(sin(nθ)) and σ- lim
n→∞
f(cos(nθ)) exist whenever f is a weakly continuous function on [−1, 1] with
values in a reflexive Banach space.
A study of the volume and bounce decrease in hair with ageing using bending elasticity measurements (2008)

Hair diameters and bending stresses were measured for chemically untreated regions of hair close to the scalp, collected from 38 Japanese female (age range: 26 to 51) and 35 Caucasian female (age range: 20 to 40) volunteers. For the bending stress measurements, a new methodology to obtain averaged Young's modulus has been developed in which 50 fibers are measured together to give reproducible data, overcoming the individual differences in each hair fiber. By comparing the resulting data of the fibers collected from the panelists younger than 40 years of age, no significant difference in Young's modulus between Japanese and Caucasian hair was recognized, and the modulus was ca. 10 GPa, regardless of the hair diameter. On the other hand, there existed cases in which fibers showed lower Young's moduli, and these fibers were from senior panelists who were conscious of the decrease in hair volume and bounce with aging. This result indicates that the decrease in volume and bounce in hair with aging is not only caused by a decrease in hair diameter and fewer hairs per square centimeter of scalp but also by some internal change in the hair.
New empirically-derived solar radiation pressure model for GPS satellites (2003)

Solar radiation pressure force is the second largest perturbation acting on GPS satellites, after the gravitational attraction from the Earth, Sun, and Moon. It is the largest error source in the modeling of GPS orbital dynamics.
Adaptive coding for time-varying channels using outdated fading estimates (1999)

The idea of using knowledge of the current channel fading values to optimize the transmitted signal in wireless communication systems has attracted substantial research attention. However, the practicality of this adaptive signaling has been questioned due to the variation of the wireless channel over time, which results in a different channel at the time of data transmission than at the time of channel estimation. By characterizing the effects of fading channel variation on the adaptive signaling paradigm, it is demonstrated here that these misgivings are well founded, as the channel variation greatly alters the nature of the problem. The main goal of this paper is to employ this characterization of the effects of the channel variation to design adaptive signaling schemes that are effective for the time-varying channel. The design of uncoded adaptive quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems is considered first, and it demonstrates the need to consider the channel variation in system design. This is followed by the main contribution of this paper; using only a single outdated fading estimate when neither the Doppler frequency nor the exact shape of the autocorrelation function of the channel fading process is known, adaptive trellis-coded modulation schemes are designed that can provide a significant increase in bandwidth efficiency over their nonadaptive counterparts on time-varying channels.
Processing and Properties of Microfibrillated Cellulose. (2011)

Processing and Properties of Microfibrillated Cellulose.(Under the direction of
The physics and biology of fluorescence microscopy in the life sciences (2006)

Abstract The last decade has seen a renaissance in the use of fluorescence microscopy in biology. This development was fuelled by the discovery of autofluorescent proteins that, through simple genetic conjugation to virtually any protein of interest, allowed their investigation of living cells. Importantly, this also prompted the introduction of advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques of ever increasing sophistication that exploit the possibilities of this new labelling technique. The microscope became an analytical instrument, images became rich sources of quantitative information, and we obtained an unprecedented insight into the working of the molecular machines that operate in living cells. This new field is positioned at the interface between biology and physics. This review will provide an historic overview of this process, describing some of the most exciting developments, and mainly focusing on one of the most informative imaging techniques for the elucidation of the chemistry of life; Förster Resonance Energy Transfer microscopy. Acknowledgments I am thankful for the critical reading of this manuscript and the experiments shown in figures 4 and 5 by Alessandro Esposito (Cell Biophysics Group, ENI), and to Alexander Egner (Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37070 Göttingen, Germany) for the experiment shown in figure 3. The Cell Biophysics Group receives funding from the DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain. The European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen (ENI-G) is jointly funded by the Göttingen University Medical School, the Max-Planck Society and Schering AG. Notes † http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed.
Sub-ps MHz green laser-induced contamination on dielectric coatings in air (2022)

Laser-induced contamination (LIC) degrades the performance of optical components and can result in optical losses or even laser-induced damage. LIC deposit formation limits reliable operation of high repetition rate industrial lasers. In this work, we investigate LIC growth on dielectric oxide thin films in air environment irradiated by MHz sub-ps laser at 515 nm. We study the LIC growth dynamic in dependence on thin film deposition method, thin film material and thin film thickness.
Polylactide/clay nanocomposites: A fresh look into the in situ polymerization process (2011)

Abstract Polylactide nanocomposites with organo‐modified montmorillonite presenting a high degree of clay exfoliation were prepared via in situ polymerization by using an improved methodology. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied by WAXD and SAXS. The size distribution of clay aggregates in the polylactide matrices was quantitatively determined by SAXS applying the stacked‐disk model. The analyses show high degree of delamination of the silicate yielding exfoliated polylactide nanocomposites even at high concentration of clay (&gt;10 wt %). L ‐lactide conversions measured by ATR‐FTIR were determined to be no less than 94% after 3 h of reaction in all polymerizations. DSC measurements were performed to study the influence of the clay content on the thermal behavior of the prepared nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Evaluation of hydrodeoxygenation reactivity of pyrolysis bio-oil with various Ni-based catalysts for improvement of fuel properties (2017)

To improve bio-oil quality, deoxygenation degree and energy efficiency of the process, Ni/C, Ni/SBA-15 and Ni/Al-SBA-15 were synthesized and subjected to hydrodeoxgygenative upgrading process of bio-oil.
An improved proportionate NLMS algorithm based on the l<inf>0</inf> norm (2010)

The proportionate normalized least-mean-square (PNLMS) algorithm was developed in the context of network echo cancellation. It has been proven to be efficient when the echo path is sparse, which is not always the case in real-world echo cancellation. The improved PNLMS (IPNLMS) algorithm is less sensitive to the sparseness character of the echo path. This algorithm uses the l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> norm to exploit sparseness of the impulse response that needs to be identified. In this paper, we propose an IPNLMS algorithm based on the l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> norm, which represents a better measure of sparseness than the l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> norm. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm outperforms the original IPNLMS algorithm.
Synthesis of the ring B sulfur analog of dehydrogriseofulvin (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the ring B sulfur analog of dehydrogriseofulvinHoward Newman and Robert B. AngierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 5, 1463–1465Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01257a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01257a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subluxation of the patella. Computed tomography analysis of patellofemoral congruence. (1988)

Fifty patients who had patellar subluxation and thirty control subjects were examined using axial roentgenograms of the patellofemoral joint that were made with the knee in 30 and 45 degrees of flexion, as well as computed tomography scans that were made with the knee in full extension. The amount of lateral patellar tilt was quantitatively assessed using the lateral patellofemoral angle, as described by Laurin et al., and the congruence angle, as described by Merchant et al. In both the control subjects and the patients, the angle of Laurin et al. changed significantly when the knee was flexed from full extension to 30 degrees. The difference between the groups was statistically significant at each angle of flexion of the knee, and the difference between the groups was most prominent on the computed tomography scans that were made with the knee in full extension (p less than 0.001). In the patients, the average congruence angle (as described by Merchant et al.) was 5 degrees and in the control subjects, -10 degrees. This indicated that, in our patients, the extent of the patellar subluxation was less than that in previously reported series, and, as a result, the sensitivity of the congruence angle in diagnosing patellar subluxation was only 0.30. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of the computed tomography scans for diagnosing patellar subluxation were 0.96 and 0.90, respectively--that is, they were higher than the values that were obtained using any axial roentgenograms. Thus, our results indicated that patellar subluxation can be detected more accurately by using computed tomography with the knee in full extension than by using conventional axial roentgenograms.
Predominant Labeling of .beta.- over .alpha.-Tubulin from Porcine Brain by a Photoactivatable Taxoid Derivative (1994)

An [(azidophenyl)ureido]taxoid (TaxAPU) was synthesized in a radiolabeled form by coupling an aminotaxoid to tritiated N-methyl-N-(chloroformyl)-p-azidoaniline. TaxAPU was used to photolabel polymerized porcine brain tubulin. This newly synthesized probe possesses taxoid properties as demonstrated by its effect, in the absence of light, on the kinetics of tubulin assembly and microtubule disassembly and on the critical concentration of tubulin. TaxAPU apparently competes with Taxol for the same binding site with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 6 microM. The photoactivation of 266 nm of the radiolabeled probe in the presence of microtubules led to a covalent incorporation of radioactivity. Analysis of the radiolabeled polypeptides by electrophoresis under denaturing conditions revealed a specific incorporation of tritium in both the alpha-and beta-subunits of tubulin. A dependence on probe concentration was observed for the irreversible radioactivity incorporated into both subunits and maintained essentially a ratio of 2.5:1 between beta/alpha. Therefore, TaxAPU constitutes a true photoaffinity probe for the taxoid binding site on microtubules. Our results complement those reported by Rao et al. (1992) of photo-cross-linking experiments with unmodified Taxol.
Significant Period Between Presentation and Diagnosis in Basilar Artery Occlusion (2015)

Basilar artery occlusion remains a challenging pathological process. Time delay between presentation and diagnosis and treatment can be associated with poor outcome, but the low frequency and variable presentation in BAO makes rapid diagnosis difficult. Clinicians should maintain an index of suspicion for basilar artery occlusion in patients of any age who present with focal neurological symptoms that could be referable to the basilar artery. Timely vessel imaging is critical for the diagnosis and initiation of treatment in these patients.
Low-velocity impact and compressive behavior for shifted-tri-axial composite panels (2017)

This paper presents the experimental behavior of low-energy impact and quasi-static compression test of shifted-tri-axial structural wood-fiber-based composite panels made from laminated paper. The experimental results were analyzed based on design parameters and configurations of panels for the further design and optimization. The results showed that the face stiffness and strength was a significant factor to improve both impact performance and compressive performance. The panels made with additional carbon fiber fabric composite faces had higher energy absorption compared with the same panels made without it. The core configuration also affected the impact behavior of the panels, the foam filled core integrated with the shifted-tri-axial rib structure improved the impact load and absorbed more energy than the same panels without the foam. Further, the structure and size of the element in the core influenced the impact performance and energy absorption. The location for both compression and impact at the triangular lattice element center of the ribs had higher absorbed energy than the location at the hexagonal lattice element center of the ribs. A 3D contour surface map of maximum energy absorption was made based on the experimental data, the contour shows localized energy absorption based on the impact location on the core, the small triangular lattice element of the core had highest maximum energy absorption of panels. For both the quasi-static compression tests and the low-velocity impact tests, the panels with the same core configuration had similar compressive load–displacement trends during the early contact phase. However, the peak load was higher in compression than the peak load for the low-velocity impact for panels with the same configuration.