gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrochemical detection and speciation of thallium (I) and thallium (III) (1992)

Abstract A method that allows speciation and electrochemical detection of thallium in flowing solutions has been developed. Thallous ions are determined using oxidative detection at a platinum electrode in a sulphuric acid‐formic acid solution. In the presence of thallic ions, iiradiation of the solution with UV light induces the reduction of Tl(III) to Tl(I) which is subsequently detected as described above. Under these conditions total thallium is determined. Irradiation of the flowing solution is carried out within the detector flow cell.
Single row routing with bounded number of doglegs per net (2003)

Sufficient and necessary conditions are presented for single-row routing when the number of doglegs per net is bounded by K, K=1, 2. Algorithms for finding such realizations are developed. The necessary and sufficient conditions are based on a graph theoretic representation, in which an instance of the single-row routing problem is represented by three graphs: an overlap graph, a containment graph, and an interval graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 12ps true-time-delay phase shifter with 6.6% delay variation at 20&#x2013;40GHz (2013)

A fully integrated 2-channel Ka-band True Time Delay (TTD) phase shifter with 12ps continuous changing delay time has been realized in a 0.25μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology. A delay variation cancellation technique is proposed, resulting in less than 0.8ps delay variation over a 20-40GHz frequency span, meanwhile maintaining a constant input impedance. In the high (low) power mode, the measured input 1dB compression point and input IP3 are +9.7dBm (+3.6dBm) and +18dBm (+13dBm) at 30GHz with an averaged power consumption per channel of 145mW (33mW) for the same TTD performance. The size of the core phase shifter is less than 0.1mm2.
Routine Chest X-Rays after Insertion of Implantable Long-Term Venous Catheters: Necessary or Not? (2001)

Can long-term subcutaneous venous (Mediport) catheters be safely inserted without routine chest X-ray (CXR) verification? An estimated 500,000 Mediport catheters are inserted yearly in the United States, and elimination of unnecessary radiographs would result in substantial savings of increasingly limited health care resources. A total of 513 consecutive Mediport catheters were inserted by a single surgeon over a 5-year period using a standardized protocol and selective indications for follow-up CXR that included unilateral chest pain, aspiration of air, decreased breath sounds, and difficult catheter insertion. The 513 catheters were inserted in 498 patients with 271 patients (53%) undergoing postprocedure CXR. Of the 513 catheters 461 (90%) were placed by percutaneous approach to the subclavian vein. Six pneumothoraces (1.2% incidence) occurred, all in patients who met criteria for immediate CXR. The overall complication rate was 3.1 per cent and included eight instances of catheter-tip malposition (seven of the eight were successfully repositioned by vascular radiology), one mediastinal hematoma, and one chest-wall hematoma. This largest single-surgeon-reported series demonstrates that Mediport insertion can be safely accomplished with minimal complications following a standardized protocol using selective radiologic evaluation.
Radial Heat Transfer Dynamics During Cryogen Spray Cooling (2004)

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermal layer during skin laser surgery of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks and other specific dermatoses. The objective of the present work is to investigate temporal and radial variations on the heat transferred at the surface of a skin model during CSC. A fast-response thermal sensor is used to measure temperature across the radius of the sprayed surface of a skin model. These interior measurements along with an inverse heat conduction algorithm are used to determine the heat transferred at the surface. Results show that radial and temporal variations of the boundary conditions have a strong influence on the homogeneity of heat extraction from skin. However, there are subregions of uniform cooling. It is also observed that the surface heat flux undergoes a marked dynamic variation, with a maximum heat flux occurring at the center of the sprayed surface early in the spurt followed by a quick decrease. The study shows that external conditions must be taken into account and ideally controlled to guarantee uniform protection during CSC.
p-type conduction in codoped ZnO thin films (2002)

p-type conduction in ZnO thin films was realized by the codoping method. Types of conduction and carrier density in codoped ZnO films were found to be dependent on the oxygen partial pressure ratios in the sputtering gas mixture. The lowest room temperature resistivity was found to be 11.77 Ω cm with a hole density of 9.0×1016 cm−3 for the films deposited in 60% of oxygen partial pressure ratio. Codoped films were found to be c-oriented and highly transparent.
An incremental approach to reachability analysis of distributed programs (1993)

In this paper we present an incremental approach to reachability analysis of distributed programs with synchronous communication and mailbox naming. Each process in a distributed program can be modeled as a communicating finite state machine (CFSM). A set of CFSMs is organized into a hierarchy. We present an algorithm that, for a given hierarchy of a set M of CFSMs, incrementally composes and reduces subsets of CFSMs in M. This incremental reachability analysis guarantees the detection of global deadlocks. We provide an algorithm for selecting a hierarchy for a set of CFSMs and show an incremental analysis of the gas station problem.
Tissue chips to aid drug development and modeling for rare diseases (2016)

Microphysiological systems hold great promise and potential for modeling rare disorders, as well as for their potential use to enhance the predictive power of new drug therapeutics, plus potentially increase the statistical power of clinical trials while removing the inherent risks of these trials in rare disease populations.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF IONIZATION OF SUPERSONIC AIR BY A CORONA DISCHARGE (2005)

A technique is developed to ionize supersonic air flow in a shock tube by a weak corona discharge. The driven section of the tube is open to the atmosphere. The shock propagates in the driven section at about 1 km/s by means of an area contraction near the downstream end of the driven section. Air is ionized by a unipolar corona discharge device comprising of a sharp-edged wedge as a high-field electrode inserted in a 41.25 mm (2 in.) ID tube that forms a low-field electrode. The device requires less than 0.5 W. A ring probe, downstream of the corona discharge device, collects charges (ions and electrons) from the air; its output voltage is thus a measure of the degree of ionization. The degree of ionization is varied by varying the corona discharge voltage and the flow speed. &#13;\n&#13;\n Corona generation was initially demonstrated with bench tests. These indicated an increased degree of ionization with an air flow created by a fan, relative to that in static air. Tests in a shock tube, with subsonic and supersonic air flow, and with a negative corona, provided results with the same ionization behavior. The operating range of discharge voltages is relatively small for a positive corona; hence, shock tube tests were confined to a negative corona.&#13;\n&#13;\n Shock tube test results indicate that, on a 10 millisecond time scale, corona generated ionization was convected downstream to the probe location in a supersonic flow. An anomalous shock tube result is a probe signal, without a corona discharge, that is similar, but weaker, to the signal with a discharge.&#13;\n&#13;\n Although the tests were done with shock speeds up to about 1 km/s and with atmospheric air ahead of shock wave, the technique of ionization and plasma measurement can be extended to higher speeds and lower pressures. It is also suggested that a supersonic wind tunnel with a Langmuir probe be used for this type of work.
The effect of nitrogen ion damage on the optical and electrical properties of MBE GaN grown on MOCVD GaN/sapphire templates[Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition] (2000)

The authors have established a correlation between localized states responsible for mid-gap optical emission and film mobility of GaN grown under different nitrogen conditions. By imposing a deflector voltage at the tip of the plasma source, the authors varied the ion-neutral flux ratio to determine how N ions affect mid-gap luminescence and electrical mobility. Low energy electron-excited nanometer scale luminescence (LEEN) spectroscopy in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) showed mid-gap emission intensities in the bulk that decreased in the ratio, 50:1.3:1 with increasing deflector voltage. Hall measurements indicated over a factor of two increase in mobility, and a factor of 8 decrease in residual charge density with increasing deflector voltage. The correlation of optical and electrical properties with a reduction in N ion flux suggests the primary role of native defects, such as N or Ga vacancies, in the mid-gap emissions.
Diastereoselection in Lewis-Acid-Mediated Aldol Additions (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselection in Lewis-Acid-Mediated Aldol AdditionsRainer MahrwaldView Author Information Institut für Organische und Bioorganische Chemie der Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, 10115 Berlin, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 5, 1095–1120Publication Date (Web):April 21, 1999Publication History Received3 August 1998Revised27 February 1999Published online21 April 1999Published inissue 12 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980415rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980415rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6716Altmetric-Citations419LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Aldol reactions,Catalysts,Lewis acids,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Output Power Control of a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Coupled with Electronic Capacitor System (2018)

International audience
Testing Gecko-Inspired Adhesives With Astrobee Aboard the International Space Station: Readying the Technology for Space (2022)

Gecko-inspired adhesives can allow free-flying space robots to grasp and manipulate large items or anchor themselves on smooth surfaces. In this article, we report on the first tests conducted using gecko-inspired adhesives on a gripper attached to an Astrobee free-flying robot operating inside the International Space Station (ISS). We present results from on-ground testing as well as two on-orbit sessions conducted during early 2021. Recorded data demonstrated that an adhesive gripper for Astrobee could provide 3.15 N of force for manual perching. The adhesives functioned as anticipated, despite a lengthy storage period. The results also highlighted some considerations for future adhesive gripping in space with free-flying robots. We discuss these topics along with system design considerations for successful implementation aboard the ISS, raising the readiness of this technology for a space-grade environment.
Flavonoids. 41. Stereospecific synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐c‐3‐substituted‐t‐3‐methyl‐r‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐ones (1988)

Abstract The synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐ t ‐3‐mesyloxy‐c‐3‐methyl‐ r ‐2‐phenyl‐4 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (1) is described. The reaction of mesylate 1 with various nucleophiles, first of all O ‐ and N ‐nucleophiles, yields the corresponding 2,3‐dihydro‐ c ‐3‐substituted‐ t ‐3‐methyl‐ r ‐2‐phenyl‐4 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐ones 2b, 7b, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 18 . Azide 14 is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of flavonoids 15–17 .
Determination of the relative phase configuration of high order harmonics (1998)

We numerically study 2-photon processes using a set of harmonics from a Ti:Sapphire laser and in particular interference effects in the Above Threshold Ionization spectra. We compare the situation where the harmonic phases are assumed locked to the case where they have a random distribution. Suggestions for possible experiments, using realistic parameters are discussed.
Discrete electroabsorption modulators with enhanced modulation depth (1996)

In this paper, we present an investigation into factors that limited the median modulation depth of a batch of packaged discrete waveguide EA modulators to 23 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m. Results from detailed measurements of the DC absorption and photocurrent spectra are used to show how stray parasitic light can perturb the absorption characteristic and reduce the modulation depth of these high-speed multiple-quantum-well modulators. A novel ridged deeply etched buried heterostructure EA modulator design is presented in which stray light is removed from the immediate vicinity of the guided mode. The key structural difference between these and the previous devices is that they employ a much thicker Fe-doped InP current blocking layer that was grown by atmospheric pressure MOVPE using PCl/sub 3/ for planarization. Detailed measurements of the DC absorption spectra of a packaged ridged deeply etched buried heterostructure device confirm that stray light causes only a minor perturbation on its absorption characteristics. Consequently the new batch of EA modulator modules have a higher median modulation depth of 40 dB, as well as lower fiber-to-fiber insertion losses and picosecond pulse generation capabilities that are very similar to the previous devices which were used in 40 Gb/s optically time division multiplexed experiments.
Monitoring body fluid distribution in microgravity using impedance tomography (APT) (1992)

For an astronaut, the excitement of going into orbit is accompanied by a shift of 1 to 1.5 l of fluid from the legs into the upper body. Information on the way the redistributed fluid is handled by the body is very useful to space physiologists studying the process of adaptation to zero-gravity. Applied potential tomography (APT) can be used to image changes in fluid distribution. To ensure that the technique was capable of measuring fluid shifts induced by changing gravitational forces on the body, a standard Sheffield APT system was used to study several subjects during the eight ESA parabolic flight campaign. The results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using APT for monitoring fluid redistribution during space flight. A battery-powered, body-worn APT system has now been developed for use in space. The equipment was tested on the eleventh parabolic flight campaign. The data collected with the miniaturised system was comparable to that obtained in the earlier experiment. Ergonomic tests indicated that the equipment is no more difficult to operate and maintain under weightless conditions than on earth. The system is undergoing space qualification tests in Munich. If no problems arise it will be used by German astronauts on missions to MIR and Skylab.
Relative Technical Efficiency of New South Wales Public Hospital Peer Groups (2000)

Abstract We consider the measurement of multi-factor productivity (in three or four output dimensions) via a multiple output production function (data envelopment analysis) study of data published in the New South Wales Public Hospitals Comparison Data Book 1994/95. Four measured outputs are considered: Non and sub-acute inpatient bed days; total acute AN-DRG weight; occasions of (outpatient) service; and teaching activity as represented by Salaried Medical Staff. The input is Total Expenses. The setting consists of the one hundred and eighty-five public hospitals in New South Wales at which the majority of patients are receiving acute care. Average efficiency estimates are evaluated for nine hospital peer group types, and then each group is further disaggregated by budget size. Membership of a hospital peer group is determined by the level of services provided, the complexity of the hospital's case mix, and locality type. We note a generally decreasing (perceived) relative efficiency measure as we go away from the larger metropolitan referral hospitals to the smaller community acute hospital peer groups.
High levels of proliferation regulators and an impaired senescence response pathway to identify early-stage breast tumors with a poor prognosis. (2013)

43 Background: Predicting the risk of tumour recurrence, and thus the need for chemotherapy, for lymph node-negative breast cancer patients is a significant problem for clinicians and patients. Methods: We have identified a ‘core proliferation signature,’ which is consistently high in proliferating primary cultures, and is downregulated during cellular senescence. Using a reverse engineering approach on a breast cancer-specific regulatory network, and confirmed by ChIP-seq analysis, we have identified a hierarchy of several highly interconnected Master Transcriptional Regulators upstream of these core proliferation genes. Results: Further analysis of the expression of these factors in breast cancer cohorts at the mRNA and protein levels reveals a remarkable ability to reliably predict recurrence risk for early-stage breast cancer. Strikingly, in our analyses, a combination of just two of these factors outperforms the currently used clinical biomarkers for breast cancer recurrence risk, as well as recently developed multi-gene prognostic assays. Moreover, the addition of the senescence regulator p16 INK4A to this panel further increases its prognostic capability. Conclusions: We propose that this novel approach has succeeded in identifying ‘drivers’ of breast cancer proliferation which, when combined with a marker of senescence such as p16 INK4A , successfully identify actively proliferating tumours with an impaired senescence response pathway. Furthermore, we suggest that this gene combination has the potential to become an improved prognostic assay for early-stage breast cancer.
Synergistic Effect of 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine and Genistein in Combination Against Leukemia (2008)

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR), a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation, is an effective agent for the treatment of leukemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the antileukemic activity of this epigenetic agent in combination with genistein, a nontoxic isoflavone with chemopreventive activity. The combined treatment produced a synergistic loss of clonogenicity in human myeloid (HL-60) and lymphoid (MOLT-3) leukemic cell lines. Genistein alone showed a significant antileukemic activity against murine 5-AZA-CdR-resistant cells, and this effect was enhanced when used in combination with 5-AZA-CdR. The combined treatment also produced a synergistic increase in life span of mice with L1210 leukemia. These results suggest that genistein may have the potential to increase the clinical efficacy of 5-AZA-CdR for the treatment of leukemia.
Kirrel3-mediated synapse formation is attenuated by disease-associated missense variants (2019)

ABSTRACT Missense variants in Kirrel3 are repeatedly identified as risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability but it has not been reported if or how these variants disrupt Kirrel3 function. Previously, we studied Kirrel3 loss-of-function using knockout mice and showed that Kirrel3 is a synaptic adhesion molecule necessary to form one specific type of hippocampal synapse in vivo. Here, we developed a new gain-of-function assay for Kirrel3 and find that wild-type Kirrel3 induces synapse formation selectively between Kirrel3-expressing cells via homophilic, trans-cellular binding. We tested six disease-associated Kirrel3 missense variants and find that five attenuate this synaptogenic function. All variants tested traffic to the cell surface and localize to synapses similar to wild-type Kirrel3. Two tested variants lack homophilic trans-cellular binding, which likely accounts for their reduced synaptogenic function. Interestingly, we also identified variants that bind in trans but cannot induce synapses, indicating Kirrel3 trans-cellular binding is necessary but not sufficient for its synaptogenic function. Collectively, these results suggest Kirrel3 functions as a synaptogenic, cell-recognition molecule, and this function is attenuated by missense variants associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Thus, we provide critical insight to Kirrel3 function in typical brain development and the consequences of missense variants associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we advance our understanding of mechanisms mediating target-specific synapse formation by providing evidence that Kirrel3 trans-cellular interactions mediate contact recognition and signaling to promote synapse development. Moreover, this is the first study to test the effects of disease-associated Kirrel3 missense variants on synapse formation, and thereby, provides a framework to understand the etiology of complex neurodevelopmental disorders arising from rare missense variants in synaptic genes.
Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals (2022)

Advanced control over the excitation of ultraconfined polaritons-hybrid light and matter waves-empowers unique opportunities for many nanophotonic functionalities, e.g., on-chip circuits, quantum information processing, and controlling thermal radiation. Recent work has shown that highly asymmetric polaritons are directly governed by asymmetries in crystal structures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate extremely asymmetric and unidirectional phonon polariton (PhP) excitation via directly patterning high-symmetry orthorhombic van der Waals (vdW) crystal α-MoO<sub>3</sub>. This phenomenon results from symmetry breaking of momentum matching in polaritonic diffraction in vdW materials. We show that the propagation of PhPs can be versatile and robustly tailored via structural engineering, while PhPs in low-symmetry (e.g., monoclinic and triclinic) crystals are largely restricted by their naturally occurring permittivities. Our work synergizes grating diffraction phenomena with the extreme anisotropy of high-symmetry vdW materials, enabling unexpected control of infrared polaritons along different pathways and opening opportunities for applications ranging from on-chip photonics to directional heat dissipation.
Complete noise characterization of a Gigahertz optical pulse train by time-domain demodulation of its harmonics (2002)

By time-domain amplitude demodulation of the first three harmonics of a detected optical pulse train and by phase demodulation of two of them, we were able to determine power spectral densities of amplitude, pulse width and phase jitters, as well as the three cross-spectral densities of these three noises taken two by two. An outstanding result is that low-frequency noise of an actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser is free of pulse energy fluctuations.