gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 12-Lead ECG Database to identify outflow tract origins of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia containing more than 300 patients (2019)

Catheter ablation has been shown to be an effective therapy for treating certain types of idiopathic premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia. The 12-lead ECG data analysis is a reliable tool to ascertain the locations of premature ventricular contractions or ventricular tachycardia and determine the locations of a subsequent catheter ablation procedure. The majority of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia, outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia stem from either the right ventricular outflow tract or the left ventricular outflow tract. We created a new 12-lead ECG database that was created under the auspices of Chapman University and Ningbo First Hospital of Zhejiang University with the intention to provide high quality evidence revealing the distinction between idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia from right ventricular outflow tract to left ventricular outflow tract. The dataset contains 334 subjects who not only experienced idiopathic premature ventricular contractions or ventricular tachycardia but also had successfully undergone a catheter ablation procedure that validated the accurate origins of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia. This is the first database of such type available for broad academic researches. This resource can dramatically contribute to future studies of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia.
A rational methodology for estimating the luminous flux based upon color primaries from digital projection displays (2009)

A standard methodology exists for estimating the flux from front projection displays by sampling the projected illuminance of a white source signal. With the advent and use of white projection primaries, a dramatic increase in flux can be achieved over the combination of red, green, and blue primaries alone. However, when a white primary is used saturated-color areas in an image are constrained to low flux levels relative to the display maximum and further undergo a perceptual compression in relative lightness. As a result, bright saturated colors cannot be rendered accurately and the appearance of full-color imagery is distorted. The display of color-accurate imagery does not generally use the white primary due to these problems, and thus there is a need for providing an equivalent flux measurement that will better describe the performance of all projectors when rendering full-color imagery. Background research and a method utilizing the source-signal color primaries are described.
Investigation of longitudinal leaky surface acoustic waves by scanning acoustic force microscopy (1999)

We present first measurements on acoustic waves with quasi longitudinal polarization on quartz and lithium tantalate substrates as well as layered systems carried out by a scanning acoustic force microscope (SAFM). Acoustic phase velocities were measured for microscopic areas showing a good agreement with numerical calculations. The influence of the penetration depth of the high velocity pseudo SAWs (HVPSAW) on the SAFM signal formation is discussed.
Choosing a CRC &#x00026; specifying its requirements for field-loadable software (2008)

Protecting and verifying, that the integrity remains intact, of data stored and exchanged in electronic systems, has been researched for decades. That data has evolved to include the embedded machine-code, previously restricted to loading at depots or in controlled environments. This paper presents tabulated information to aid in the specification of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code algorithm requirement, by matching it to a safety assurance level. In addition, there is a discussion about using a legacy technique to verify a field-loaded, machine-code. Bounds on shortened and/or natural block length codes for 16-bit and 32-bit CRC algorithms found in research, such as, the probability of an undetectable error for a known bit-error rate and error pattern are given. For unknown error rates, there are references to some previous research techniques.
Cu–Pt Nanocage with 3-D Electrocatalytic Surface as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for a Primary Zn–Air Battery (2015)

Cu–Pt nanocage (CuPt-NC) intermetallic structures have been prepared by an in situ galvanic displacement reaction. The structures are found to be well organized within the framework demarcated with distinguishing arms, having clear edges and corners with a size of ∼20 nm. The unique nanocage structure possessing large specific surface area and better structural integrity helps to achieve improved electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability in alkaline solution in comparison to the commercially available 20 wt % Pt/C. CuPt-NC shows 50 mV positive onset potential shift with significantly higher limiting current in comparison to Pt/C. Interestingly, CuPt-NC has shown 2.9- and 2.5-fold improved mass activity and specific activity, respectively, for ORR at 0.9 V vs RHE in comparison to Pt/C. Moreover, the stability of CuPt-NC has been tested by an accelerated durability test under alkaline conditions. CuPt-NC has been subsequently utilized as the air electrode in a primary Zn–air battery and is found to possess 1.30- and 1.34-fold improved power density and current density at 1 V, respectively, in comparison to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. In addition, CuPt-NC has shown several hours of constant discharge stability at 20 mA cm–2 with a specific capacity of 560 mAh gZn–1 and energy density of 728 Wh kgZn–1 in the primary Zn–air battery system.
Kinetics of aspartame precursor synthesis catalysed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (1993)

Abstract Elastase isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 was found to be an efficient protease to catalyse the synthesis of N ‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐aspartyl‐phenylalanine methyl ester, the precursor of the dipeptide sweetener, aspartame. The influence of methanol as a cosolvent in this synthetic reaction was investigated. It was found that the synthesis of the dipeptide precursor was most efficient in 25% (v/v) methanol, pH 7·0 at about 25°C for a reaction time of about 3 h. However, the activity of the enzyme was greatly reduced in 90% methanol. The values of K and k 2 for N ‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐aspartic acid were 0·17 mol dm −3 and 11·9 mol dm −3 s −1 respectively.
Photoexcited Structure of a Plant Photoreceptor Domain Reveals a Light-Driven Molecular Switch (2002)

The phototropins are flavoprotein kinases that control phototropic bending, light-induced chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening in plants. Two flavin mononucleotide binding light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains are the sites for initial photochemistry in these blue light photoreceptors. We have determined the steady state, photoexcited crystal structure of a flavin-bound LOV domain. The structure reveals a unique photochemical switch in the flavin binding pocket in which the absorption of light drives the formation of a reversible covalent bond between a highly conserved Cys residue and the flavin cofactor. This provides a molecular picture of a cysteinyl-flavin covalent adduct, the presumed signaling species that leads to phototropin kinase activation and subsequent signal transduction. We identify closely related LOV domains in two eubacterial proteins that suggests the light-induced conformational change evident in this structure is an ancient biomolecular response to light, arising before the appearance of plants.
TCAD simulation methodology for electrothermal analysis of discrete devices including package (2014)

In this paper, three methodologies for fully coupled rigorous electrothermal simulation of discrete devices including the package are proposed. The first one is based on full 3D modeling using TCAD tools applied to a simple BJT. The second approach, using combined 2D/3D modeling, is applied to a multiple-stripe BJT design that reduces the computation time by a factor of 10 while maintaining a reasonable accuracy. In the third approach we propose a smart coupling between the device and the package that combines the speed and accuracy of mixed-mode and couples temperature non-uniformity to the active device electrothermal behavior.
Etifoxine improves peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery (2008)

Peripheral nerves show spontaneous regenerative responses, but recovery after injury or peripheral neuropathies (toxic, diabetic, or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy syndromes) is slow and often incomplete, and at present no efficient treatment is available. Using well-defined peripheral nerve lesion paradigms, we assessed the therapeutic usefulness of etifoxine, recently identified as a ligand of the translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO), to promote axonal regeneration, modulate inflammatory responses, and improve functional recovery. We found by histologic analysis that etifoxine therapy promoted the regeneration of axons in and downstream of the lesion after freeze injury and increased axonal growth into a silicone guide tube by a factor of 2 after nerve transection. Etifoxine also stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, and the effect was even stronger than for specific TSPO ligands. Etifoxine treatment caused a marked reduction in the number of macrophages after cryolesion within the nerve stumps, which was rapid in the proximal and delayed in the distal nerve stumps. Functional tests revealed accelerated and improved recovery of locomotion, motor coordination, and sensory functions in response to etifoxine. This work demonstrates that etifoxine, a clinically approved drug already used for the treatment of anxiety disorders, is remarkably efficient in promoting acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Its possible mechanism of action is discussed, with reference to the neurosteroid concept. This molecule, which easily enters nerve tissues and regulates multiple functions in a concerted manner, offers promise for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and axonal neuropathies.
IRI Estimation by the Frequency Domain Analysis of Vehicle Dynamic Responses and Its Large-scale Application (2016)

In order to achieve large scale road evaluation with high efficiency and accuracy, smartphone based Dynamic Response Intelligent Monitoring System (iDRIMS) was developed [4]. iDRIMS evaluates road condition in terms of International Roughness Index (IRI) based on dynamic responses of ordinary vehicles measured with an iOS application (iDRIMS measurement), which obtains three axis acceleration, angular velocity and GPS with accurate sampling timings. However, the robustness and accuracy was limited. In this paper, iDRIMS is improved mainly by employing the frequency domain analysis. The improved algorithm for IRI estimation consists of two steps. At first, a Half-Car (HC) model, which can reproduce both vehicle bouncing and pitching motions and represent sensor installation location in the longitudinal direction, is selected as the vehicle numerical model and identified. The vehicle parameters are identified through a drive tests over a portable hump with a known size. As opposed to previous approach of parameter identification in the time domain using Kalman filter, the parameters are optimized to minimize the difference between simulation and measured hump responses in the frequency domain using Genetic algorithm (GA). Then, IRI is estimated by measuring vertical acceleration responses of ordinary vehicles. Measured acceleration is converted to the acceleration RMS of the sprung mass of standard quarter car by multiplying a transfer function. The transfer function, estimated through the simulation of the identified HC model as opposed to QC model in previous approaches, reflects the vehicle pitching motions and sensor installation location. The RMS is further converted to IRI based on correlation between these values. Numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the performance in terms of various drive speeds and sensor locations. Experiment is carried out at a 13km road by comparing three types of vehicles and profiler. Furthermore, the improved method is applied to about 70 commercial vehicles, which drive over more than 180,000 km per year. Data collection and analysis platform is built, which successfully collected and analyzed large-scale data with high efficiency. Results from both numerical simulation and real case application indicate that the improved method can accurately estimate IRI with high robustness and efficiency.
Ion source of multiply charged C60 fullerene and fullerene linear accelerator (2000)

Production and acceleration system of multiply charged C60 and C70 fullerene ions are being designed for basic studies on cluster physics. Multiply charged fullerene ions are produced by electron impacts. Ions selected by the analyzing magnet are accelerated up to 100 kV through an acceleration column. The ion source generates C60+(8.4 nA), C602+(4.5 nA), C603+(1.6 nA). C60+, C602+, and C603+ are accelerated up to 100, 200, and 300 keV, respectively. The alternating phase focus (APF)-interdigital H-mode (IH) linac was designed to accelerate C60+ ion (ε=1/720) and C70+ ion (ε=1/840) from 0.2 to 3.2 keV/amu with an APF and an operation frequency of 10 MHz.
An integrated approach to congestion management for European energy markets (2013)

Congestion management is an integral part of a properly designed electricity market. Transmission congestion becomes more and more an operational challenge for existing European energy markets. A market redesign is required in order to effectively cope with the increasing congestion due to high penetration of renewable energy resources that are far away from load centers. Locational marginal pricing (LMP) is proven to be a viable mechanism to achieve market-based congestion management. The basic model of Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) is reviewed. Experiences of implementing similar LMP systems at different regional transmission organizations in the United States are shared. Options and various elements of redesign for EU power system based on the model of LMP are discussed.
Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Exercise Tolerance and Attenuates Inspiratory Muscle Fatigue and the Perception of Dyspnea in Asthmatic Individuals. (2008)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise tolerance, inspiratory muscle fatigue and the perception of dyspnea in asthmatic individuals. METHODS:Using a matched, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 16 clinically-diagnosed asthmatics underwent either 6 wks of IMT (n=8) consisting of 30 breaths twice-daily at 50% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), or sham-IMT (n=8) consisting of 60 breaths daily at 15% PImax. Time to the limit of exercise tolerance (Tlim) was assessed using constant power-output (70% peak power) cycle ergometery. Inspiratory muscle fatigue was determined by comparing the pre- to post-exercise reduction in PImax. Dyspnea during the Tlim test was evaluated at 2-min intervals using the Borg CR-10 scale. RESULTS:There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in Tlim, inspiratory muscle fatigue, or perception of dyspnea in the sham IMT group following intervention. In contrast, in the IMT group, PImax increased by 33% (112 ± 9 to 149 ± 9 cmH2O; p<0.05), and Tlim by 16% (13.6±14.5 to 16.9±17.7 min; P<0.05). Dyspnea during exercise was also significantly reduced by 16% (3.9 ± 0.6 to 3.3 ± 0.5; p<0.05). Prior to IMT, exercise induced a fall in PImax of 10% (112±9 cmH20 to 101±6 cmH20; P<0.05). Following IMT the exercise induced reduction in PImax was 4% (P<0.05), despite an extension of Tlim. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that IMT attenuates inspiratory muscle fatigue, reduces the perception of dyspnea, and increases exercise tolerance. These findings have clinical significance, since IMT may represent a potentially useful nonpharmacological treatment for exertional dyspnea in patients with asthma.
UV-Visible and AFM Studies of Nonionic Microemulsions (2010)

The systems investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were water/nonionic surfactant/oil + ethanol. The surfactants were the single sucrose laurate and ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride and a mixture of the two. The mixing ratios (w/w) of sucrose laurate and ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride and that of ethanol/oil equal unity. The oils were R(+)-limonene and isopropylmyristate. The absorption spectra of the oils as function of water volume fraction in the microemulsions along the N60 dilution line where the surfactant/oil/ethanol weight ratio is 6/2/2 were recorded. The wavelengths corresponding to the maximum absorbance of the oil in microemulsions (λ) were compared to the wavelengths of the pure oil (λo). It was found that the relative wavelength (λ/λo) decrease with the increase in the water volume fraction in the microemulsions. The decrease in λ/λo was correlated to structural transitions. The onset of these structural transitions is dependent on the oil and surfactant structure. In the systems based on sucrose laurate the transition from water in oil to bicontinuous microemulsions occur at higher water volume fractions compared to those observed in the ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride based one. This behavior was attributed to the difference in the surfactant head group. Similar behavior of λ/λo as function of water volume fraction was also observed in the mixed surfactants based systems. In the R(+)-limonene based microemulsions, the values of λ/λo were lower compared to those observed on the isopropylmyristate based systems. This behavior is attributed to the extent of oil penetration in the surfactant layer. The UV-visible results are supported and consistent with the atomic force microscopy measurements. In the regions of water-in-oil and oil-in-water microemulsions uniform singly separated droplets were observed, while continuously connected microemulsion systems were observed in the bicontinuous region as expected.
Multi-task overlapping coalition formation mechanism in wireless sensor network (2012)

Coalition formation is an essential component for in wireless sensor network (WSN). Most of current coalition formation algorithms have focused on disjoint coalitions. We develop an improved ant colony algorithm to solve the overlapping coalition formation(OCF) problem in multiple coalitions in WSN domain. In this improved ant colony algorithm, we bring in mutation operation and elite strategy from genic algorithm. By doing this, it will improve the pheromone update strategy and allow sensors to allocate different parts of their resources to serve different coalitions simultaneously.
The Effect of Water Immersion on Perception of the Oculogravic Illusion in Normal and Labyrinthine-Defective Subjects (1968)

The separate and combined influences of otolith and nonotolith sensory inputs upon perception of the oculogravic illusion were investigated by manipulating the visual and gravitoinertial force environments. By comparing the visually perceived direction of space by four naval aviators and four deaf persons with bilateral labyrinthine defects when dry and when immersed in water up to neck level, the contributions of (1) field force receptors in the vestibular organs and (2) nonvestibular proprio-ceptors stimulated by external contact support could be differentiated. Under these various conditions it was found that in normal persons, the vestibular contribution is predictable in terms of the direction of the gravitoinertial force vector but that the nonvestibular contribution varies; it may be relatively great or small. In persons with bilateral labyrinthine defects a nonvestibular contribution was always present but there was great individual variance. The significance of the findings in terms of tests measuring the function of the otolith organs is discussed.
Robust web page segmentation for mobile terminal using content-distances and page layout information (2007)

The demand of browsing information from general Web pages using a mobile phone is increasing. However, since the majority of Web pages on the Internet are optimized for browsing from PCs, it is difficult for mobile phone users to obtain sufficient information from the Web. Therefore, a method to reconstruct PC-optimized Web pages for mobile phone users is essential. An example approach is to segment the Web page based on its structure, and utilize the hierarchy of the content element to regenerate a page suitable for mobile phone browsing. In our previous work, we have examined a robust automatic Web page segmentation scheme which uses the distance between content elements based on the relative HTML tag hierarchy, i.e., the number and depth of HTML tags in Web pages. However, this scheme has a problem that the content-distance based on the order of HTML tags does not always correspond to the intuitional distance between content elements on the actual layout of a Web page. In this paper, we propose a hybrid segmentation method which segments Web pages based on both the content-distance calculated by the previous scheme, and a novel approach which utilizes Web page layout information. Experiments conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Web page segmentation results prove that the proposed method can segment Web pages more accurately than conventional methods. Furthermore, implementation and evaluation of our system on the mobile phone prove that our method can realize superior usability compared to commercial Web browsers.
Iterative SOMA-Based SU-MIMO Receivers with Extrinsic-Information Adaptive Front-Ends (2009)

In this paper we present reduced-complexity high-performance iterative receivers for single-user MIMO systems that employ OFDM with bit-interleaved coded modulation. The proposed inner-outer decoder structures exploit the Soft-Output M algorithm (SOMA) to calculate bit-likelihood estimates via a limited search on a tree. A key element of the proposed designs is the way the SOMA front-end adapts at each iteration to new extrinsic information. This front-end defines the tree, both in terms of the order in which symbols are considered, as well as in terms of the subspaces used in the likelihood calculations at each depth in the tree. The proposed SOMA front-ends are different from the conventional QR-decomposition front-ends and provide a systematic way to adapt both the order and the subspaces at each iteration in an iterative decoding structure. Simulations for 4 × 4 16 QAM systems show that the proposed iterative receivers can yield significant performance gains over receivers using non-adaptive conventional front-ends.
Evolution of peroxide‐induced thermomechanical degradation of polypropylene along the extruder (2003)

Abstract An experimental study of the peroxide‐induced degradation of polypropylene in a corotating twin‐screw extruder, operating under various conditions, was reported. Runs were performed without and with peroxide in different concentrations. The evolution of the chemical reactions along the extruder was characterized by on‐line rheological measurements and by determination of the molecular weight of samples collected at the same locations. The results evidenced the relationships between peroxide concentration and processing conditions with rheological properties and molecular structure of the modified materials. The concept of chain‐scission distribution function elucidated the mechanisms involved in the thermomechanical degradation of PP, which is by chain scission and is dependent on the level of stress imposed by the screw elements, temperature, and concentration of hydrogen‐abstracting agents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:2711–2720, 2004