gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GOWER'S USE OF VITA BARLAAM ET JOSAPHAT IN CONFESSIO AMANTIS (1979)

Gower's CA borrows from Barlaam et Josaphat in two places. First of all, Trump of Death story is based on first of Vita's ten apologues. Analogues are further found in Legenda Aurea, Gesta Romanorum, and in 16th century Japanese Christian text no gosagveo. Examples of Gower's changes include greater contrast between May setting and age of pilgrims, sharp contrast in character between king and his proud brother, and Gower's final emphasis on the necessity of humble obedience to law of nature established by God (10). Gower's exposition on gods in Book 6 is also based on Vita, but Gower expands section on Greek deities by using Berchorius' De formis figurisque deorum (the first chapter of his Ovidius moralizatus). Comparison of source texts reveals, for example, that gentils (in 5.1271) should be translated as gentiles (not gentle people) and that naming Philyra as mother of Jupiter is not peculiar to Gower. Gower especially follows Vita in rejecting Berchorius' allegorical and favorable interpretations of pagan divinities (15). Ito concludes with some comments on Japanese text Sanctos no gosagveo. [CvD]
3-D Pose Estimation of Articulated Instruments in Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery (2018)

Estimating the 3-D pose of instruments is an important part of robotic minimally invasive surgery for automation of basic procedures as well as providing safety features, such as virtual fixtures. Image-based methods of 3-D pose estimation provide a non-invasive low cost solution compared with methods that incorporate external tracking systems. In this paper, we extend our recent work in estimating rigid 3-D pose with silhouette and optical flow-based features to incorporate the articulated degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) of robotic instruments within a gradient-based optimization framework. Validation of the technique is provided with a calibrated ex-vivo study from the da Vinci Research Kit (DVRK) robotic system, where we perform quantitative analysis on the errors each DOF of our tracker. Additionally, we perform several detailed comparisons with recently published techniques that combine visual methods with kinematic data acquired from the joint encoders. Our experiments demonstrate that our method is competitively accurate while relying solely on image data.
Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for 3-D Reprogramming and Transplantation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons (2016)

While cell transplantation presents a potential strategy to treat the functional deficits of neurodegenerative diseases or central nervous system injuries, the poor survival rate of grafted cells <i>in vivo</i> is a major barrier to effective therapeutic treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of a peptide-based nanofibrous scaffold composed of the self-assembling peptide RADA16-I to support the reprogramming and maturation of human neurons <i>in vitro</i> and to transplant these neurons <i>in vivo</i>. The induced human neurons were generated via the single transcriptional factor transduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are a promising cell source for regenerative therapies. These neurons encapsulated within RADA16-I scaffolds displayed robust neurite outgrowth and demonstrated high levels of functional activity <i>in vitro</i> compared to that of 2-D controls, as determined by live cell calcium imaging. When evaluated <i>in vivo</i> as a transplantation vehicle for adherent, functional networks of neurons, monodisperse RADA16-I microspheres significantly increased survival (over 100-fold greater) compared to the conventional transplantation of unsupported neurons in suspension. The scaffold-encapsulated neurons integrated well <i>in vivo</i> within the injection site, extending neurites several hundred microns long into the host brain tissue. Overall, these results suggest that this biomaterial platform can be used to successfully improve the outcome of cell transplantation and neuro-regenerative therapies.
On output response compression in the presence of unknown output values (2002)

A circuit may produce unknown output values during simulation of an input sequence due to an unknown initial state or due to the existence of tri-state elements. For circuits tested using BIST, unknown output values make it impossible to determine a single unique signature for the fault free circuit. To accommodate unknown output values in a BIST scheme, we describe a procedure for synthesizing a minimal logic block that replaces unknown output values by a known constant. The proposed procedure ensures that the BIST scheme will be able to detect all the faults detectable by the input sequence applied to the circuit while allowing a single unique signature to be obtained.
Rich-Item Recommendations for Rich-Users via GCNN: Exploiting Dynamic and Static Side Information. (2020)

In this paper, we study the problem of recommendation system where the users and items to be recommended are rich data structures with multiple entity types and with multiple sources of side-information in the form of graphs. We provide a general formulation for the problem that captures the complexities of modern real-world recommendations and generalizes many existing formulations. In our formulation, each user/document that requires a recommendation and each item or tag that is to be recommended, both are modeled by a set of static entities and a dynamic component. The relationships between entities are captured by several weighted bipartite graphs. To effectively exploit these complex interactions and learn the recommendation model, we propose MEDRES- a multiple graph-CNN based novel deep-learning architecture. MEDRES uses AL-GCN, a novel graph convolution network block, that harnesses strong representative features from the underlying graphs. Moreover, in order to capture highly heterogeneous engagement of different users with the system and constraints on the number of items to be recommended, we propose a novel ranking metric pAp@k along with a method to optimize the metric directly. We demonstrate effectiveness of our method on two benchmarks: a) citation data, b) Flickr data. In addition, we present two real-world case studies of our formulation and the MEDRES architecture. We show how our technique can be used to naturally model the message recommendation problem and the teams recommendation problem in the Microsoft Teams (MSTeams) product and demonstrate that it is 5-6% points more accurate than the production-grade models.
Leukocyte Telomere Length and Its Interaction with Germline Variation in Telomere-Related Genes in Relation to Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Risk (2020)

Peripheral blood LTL might serve as a molecular marker for risk modeling to identify persons at high risk of PDAC.
Induction of Pancreatic Growth and Proteases by Feeding a High Amino Acid Diet Does Not Depend on Cholecystokinin in Rats (1995)

We examined differences in pancreatic growth, enzyme content and enzyme concentration between rats fed diets containing normal (2.49 g nitrogen/kg diet) or high (7.46 g nitrogen/kg diet) levels of an amino acid mixture and those in rats fed diets containing normal and high levels of casein for 11 d. Rats fed these diets were injected with a potent cholecystokinin antagonist, MK-329 (2.5 mg/kg body wt.d) or with vehicle only. Pancreatic contents (units in pancreas per 100 g body wt) of protein, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen were greater in rats fed a high amino acid diet compared with those in rats fed a normal amino acid diet. Proportionate increases in protein and the serine proteases in pancreata of the high amino acid group relative to those of the normal amino acid group were comparable to those of the high casein group relative to the normal casein group. The pancreatic protease concentrations (units/g pancreas) of rats fed the high casein diet and treated with MK-329 were lower than in rats fed high casein but not treated with MK-329. This difference was not observed in rats fed the high amino acid diet. These results demonstrate that pancreatic growth and proteases are induced by dietary amino acids in rats, and the stimulatory effects of amino acids on exocrine pancreas do not depend on cholecystokinin.
Contribution of High Charge and Energy (HZE) Ions During Solar-Particle Event of September 29, 1989 (1999)

The solar-particle event (SPE) of September 29, 1989, produced an iron-rich spectrum with energies approaching 1 A GeV with an approximate spectral slope parameter of 2.5. These high charge and energy (HZE) ions challenge conventional methods of shield design and assessment of astronaut risks. In the past, shield design and risk assessment have relied on proton shielding codes and biological response models derived from X-ray and neutron exposure data. Because the HZE spectra decline rapidly with energy and HZE attenuation in materials is limited by their penetration power, details of the mass distributions about the sensitive tissues (shielding materials and the astronaut''s body) are important determining factors of the exposure levels and distributions of linear energy transfer. Local tissue environments during the SPE of September 29, 1989, with its HZE components are examined to analyze the importance of these ions to human SPE exposure. Typical space suit and lightly shielded structures leave significant contributions from HZE components to certain critical body tissues and have important implications on the models for risk assessment. A heavily shielded equipment room of a space vehicle or habitat requires knowledge of the breakup of these ions into lighter components, including neutrons, for shield design specifications.
Design of Wideband Wide-Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Covering Simultaneously Both the Ku- and the Ka-Satcom Bands (2020)

We present the unit cell design of a wideband wide-scanning phased array operating in both Ku- and Ka-bands, for satellite communication applications. The radiating elements are dual-polarized connected slots loaded with an artificial dielectric superstrate, acting as a wide angle impedance matching (WAIM) structure. The design of the multi-layer artificial dielectric is based on analytical formulas describing the equivalent reactance of each layer, valid for geometries that are not periodic in the vertical direction. This allows to minimize the total number of metal layers composing the artificial dielectric. The predicted matching performance is investigated by means of simulations based on infinite array approximation.
Synthesis of sulfide solid electrolytes from Li2S and P2S5 in anisole (2020)

We report the liquid-phase synthesis of sulfide solid electrolytes from Li<sub>2</sub>S and P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> using anisole at 200–300 °C under microwave irradiation, in which β-Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>7</sub>P<sub>3</sub>S<sub>11</sub> were directly precipitated in anisole in 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SYMMETRICAL OMEGA,OMEGA′‐DIARYLALKENES BY A METATHESIS REACTION OF OMEGA‐ARYLALKENES (1974)

Abstract ω‐Arylalkene (I) können mit dem sehr wirkungsvollen Mo‐Al‐Katalysatorsystem (II) in ω,ω′‐Diarylalkene (IV) in nahezu quantitativen Ausbeuten umgewandelt werden, wobei die flüchtigen Olefine (III) im Vakuum entfernt werden.
Platforms and Methods for In Situ Characterization of Li-ion Battery Materials. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
On the Origins of Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP) and Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT)* (2012)

The early experiments on radical polymerization, which were to lead to a study of nitroxide trapping of the initiation step and the interest in defect groups, particularly the macromonomers formed by termination by disproportionation, are discussed. Results from the nitroxide trapping clearly show that the initiation step ranges from simple clean addition to the head of the monomer, to complex addition/abstraction reactions. Careful selection of the monomer/initiation system is emphasized with particular reference to two common monomers, styrene and methyl methacrylate, and two initiating radicals, t-butoxy and benzoyloxy. The discovery of nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) from observations made during the nitroxide trapping work is reported and the ability to have a living radical system demonstrated with numerous examples. Similarly, the study of the copolymerization of macromonomers, formed by disproportionation of the propagating chains, is discussed with the discovery of ß-scission and an early form of addition–fragmentation reported. The evolution of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) to a highly versatile and commercially attractive radical system is reported and the detailed chemistry behind the discovery of this living radical system discussed. Both NMP and RAFT enable the synthesis of structures not previously possible by radical polymerization and in some cases not possible by any other process.
Computer simulation of a brain slice using fractals (2002)

Preliminary results of simulating the anatomical structure (gyri, sulci, and fissures) in a fully developed brain using fractal growth are presented. Determination of the basic self-similar structure of the brain and the fractal growth simulation procedure are discussed. Images of the simulated brain slice are included as a demonstration of the effectiveness of this method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Empirical evaluation of Gaussian Process approximation algorithms (2011)

Many large datasets are becoming available as technology advances. The fast development of the Internet makes creating huge databases of interesting data more feasible than ever; similarly, scientific simulations on modern computers can produce large amounts of information that needs to be analyzed. Machine Learning uses methods developed in Computer Science and Mathematics to deal with challenges posed in the context of such large scale data analysis. As the Bayesian framework became more popular, many flexible and theoretically elegant methods have been developed in the field. One such Bayesian framework uses Gaussian Processes to perform the two basic Machine Learning tasks, regression and classification. As it turns out, regression with Gaussian Processes is particularly elegant and analytically tractable. However, it scales badly with the size of the dataset which makes it infeasible for use in most interesting situations. Several approximation algorithms were developed to deal with this issue. While there were attempts to analyze and compare these approximations theoretically, not much has been done to present an unbiased and useful empirical evaluation of the algorithms. In this dissertation we create a solid framework for such comparison and perform experiments that allow us to analyze the practical usefulness of Gaussian Process approximation algorithms.
Self-Cleaning Fluidised Bed Heat Exchangers for Severely Fouling Liquids and Their Impact on Process Design (2012)

Self-Cleaning Fluidised Bed Heat Exchangers for Severely Fouling Liquids and Their Impact on Process Design
Fourierdomänen modengekoppelte Laser: Aufklärung der Funktionsweise und Erschließung neuer Anwendungsbereiche (2010)

Mit der Fourierdomänen Modenkopplung (FDML) wurde vor kurzem ein neuer Operationsmodus für sehr schnell in der Wellenlänge abstimmbare Laser entdeckt, bei dem ein schmalbandiger Spektralfilter resonant zur Lichtumlaufzeit im Resonator abgestimmt wird. Diese FDML-Laser, deren genaue Funktionsweise noch unverstanden ist, gehören zu den schnellsten weit abstimmbaren Lichtquellen und eignen sich besonders für die optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT), die ein junges dreidimensionales Bildgebungsverfahren darstellt. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei Ziele parallel verfolgt. Zum einen sollten durch Optimierungen und Erweiterungen des Lasers neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten insbesondere in der OCT ermöglicht, gleichzeitig aber auch neue Erkenntnisse über die genaue Funktionsweise der Fourierdomänen Modenkopplung auf physikalischer Ebene gewonnen werden. In dem eher anwendungsorientierten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde zunächst eine neue Methode entwickelt, mit der es in der OCT mit schnell abstimmbaren Lasern möglich ist, zweidimensionale Schnitte bei einer bestimmten Tiefe, sogenannte en face Schnitte, ohne aufwändige Computerberechnung zu erhalten. Während diese Schnitte bisher nur sehr rechenintensiv durch Nachbearbeitung und Extraktion aus einem vollständig aufgenommenen dreidimensionalen Datensatz gewonnen werden konnten, lassen diese sich nun um ein Vielfaches schneller aufnehmen und darstellen. Weiterhin wurde durch den Eigenbau eines auf Abstimmgeschwindigkeit optimierten Spektralfilters die Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit eines mit einem FDML-Laser betriebenen OCT-Systems um über eine Größenordnung erhöht, so dass dieses nun mit Abstand zu den schnellsten Systemen gehört. Obwohl bei diesen hohen Geschwindigkeiten das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis durch Schrotrauschen bereits limitiert wird, konnten Aufnahmen sehr hoher Qualität erzeugt werden, was a priori nicht selbstverständlich war. Im Grundlagenteil dieser Arbeit wurde das Verständnis der Operationsweise der Fourierdomänen Modenkopplung erweitert. Da FDML-Laser vollständig aus Glasfaserkomponenten aufgebaut sind und Längen von mehreren Kilometern aufweisen, wurde der Einfluss der Faserdispersion auf sowohl Linienbreite und Rauschverhalten untersucht. Mit einer speziellen dispersionskompensierten Resonatorgeometrie konnte dabei ein einfaches Modell des Einflusses der Dispersion auf die Kohärenzlänge validiert und eine deutliche Erhöhung dieser erreicht werden. Ein umfassenderes Modell der Operationsweise von FDML-Lasern ist wünschenswert, um experimentell schwer zugängliche Fragestellungen beantworten zu können. Auf dem Weg dahin müssen zunächst alle physikalischen Effekte im Resonator, welche zur Lasertätigkeit beitragen, aufgeklärt werden. Hierzu wurde die zeitabhängige Leistung eines FDML-Lasers durch verschiedene Terme in der nichtlinearen Schrödingergleichung modelliert, numerisch ausgewertet und mit experimentellen Daten verglichen. Dadurch konnten wichtige an der Laseroperation beteiligte Prozesse aufgeklärt und eine Basis für weitergehende Simulationen geschaffen werden.
Supplementary Table 3 from Novel Associations between Common Breast Cancer Susceptibility Variants and Risk-Predicting Mammographic Density Measures (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3. Associations (95% Confidence Interval (CI) in brackets) between breast cancer susceptibility variants and the mammographic measures with adjustment for case-control status&lt;/p&gt;
Magnetic order and exchange interactions in monoatomic3dtransition-metal chains (2007)

Based on first-principles calculations we analyze the magnetic order and the exchange interactions in monoatomic $3d$ transition-metal chains of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co. While freestanding Fe and Co chains remain ferromagnetic in the entire range of interatomic distances, V, Cr, and Mn chains change their magnetic state from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) upon stretching. The corresponding distance-dependent exchange interaction is in striking resemblance to the Bethe-Slater curve. We demonstrate that in combination with the symmetry reduction on the $(110)$ surfaces of Cu, Pd, Ag, and $\mathrm{NiAl}$ even a weak chain-surface hybridization is sufficient to dramatically change the magnetic coupling in the chains. In particular, we find a tendency towards antiferromagnetic coupling. The obtained magnetic state of a specific chain depends sensitively on the chemical composition and the lattice constant of the surface. Surprisingly, Cr and Mn chains show a transition from ferromagnetic coupling in freestanding chains to antiferromagnetic coupling on the (110) surfaces of Pd, Ag, and $\mathrm{NiAl}$. For Fe and Co chains on $\mathrm{NiAl}(110)$ the FM and AFM states differ by only $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$, suggesting the possibility of a more complex, noncollinear magnetic ground state.
Polarization Dependence of Bulk Ion Acceleration from Ultrathin Foils Irradiated by High-Intensity Ultrashort Laser Pulses (2017)

The acceleration of ions from ultrathin (10-100 nm) carbon foils has been investigated using intense (∼6×10^{20} W cm^{-2}) ultrashort (45 fs) laser pulses, highlighting a strong dependence of the ion beam parameters on the laser polarization, with circularly polarized (CP) pulses producing the highest energies for both protons and carbons (25-30 MeV/nucleon); in particular, carbon ion energies obtained employing CP pulses were significantly higher (∼2.5 times) than for irradiations employing linearly polarized pulses. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that radiation pressure acceleration becomes the dominant mechanism for the thinnest targets and CP pulses.
Permeability Properties of Enac Selectivity Filter Mutants (2001)

The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC), located in the apical membrane of tight epithelia, allows vectorial Na(+) absorption. The amiloride-sensitive ENaC is highly selective for Na(+) and Li(+) ions. There is growing evidence that the short stretch of amino acid residues (preM2) preceding the putative second transmembrane domain M2 forms the outer channel pore with the amiloride binding site and the narrow ion-selective region of the pore. We have shown previously that mutations of the alphaS589 residue in the preM2 segment change the ion selectivity, making the channel permeant to K(+) ions. To understand the molecular basis of this important change in ionic selectivity, we have substituted alphaS589 with amino acids of different sizes and physicochemical properties. Here, we show that the molecular cutoff of the channel pore for inorganic and organic cations increases with the size of the amino acid residue at position alpha589, indicating that alphaS589 mutations enlarge the pore at the selectivity filter. Mutants with an increased permeability to large cations show a decrease in the ENaC unitary conductance of small cations such as Na(+) and Li(+). These findings demonstrate the critical role of the pore size at the alphaS589 residue for the selectivity properties of ENaC. Our data are consistent with the main chain carbonyl oxygens of the alphaS589 residues lining the channel pore at the selectivity filter with their side chain pointing away from the pore lumen. We propose that the alphaS589 side chain is oriented toward the subunit-subunit interface and that substitution of alphaS589 by larger residues increases the pore diameter by adding extra volume at the subunit-subunit interface.
Incidence, Mortality and Positive Predictive Value of Type 1 Cardiorenal Syndrome in Acute Coronary Syndrome (2016)

The effect of CRS1 on in-hospital mortality is greater than the sum of the effects associated with each of its components, and it increases with the severity of the syndrome. CRS1 accounted for more than half of all mortality, and its positive predictive value approached 30% in-hospital and 50% after discharge.
Self-complementary antennas (1992)

A series of studies of self-complementary antennas are summarized, emphasizing work performed by the author. Expressions for the electromagnetic fields of a pair of dual structures are given, and input impedances for complementary structures are obtained. Self-complementary structures and their constant-impedance properties are discussed. Multiterminal self-complementary planar antennas, three-dimensional self-complementary antennas, and stacked self-complementary antennas are treated. Developmental studies of self-complementary antennas are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>