gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Best Clinical Practice in Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Children with Cerebral Palsy (2015)

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is considered a safe and effective therapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP), especially in the hands of experienced injectors and for the majority of children. Recently, some risks have been noted for children with Gross Motor Classification Scale (GMFCS) of IV and the risks are substantial for level V. Recommendations for treatment with BoNT-A have been published since 1993, with continuous optimisation and development of new treatment concepts. This leads to modifications in the clinical decision making process, indications, injection techniques, assessments, and evaluations. This article summarises the state of the art of BoNT-A treatment in children with CP, based mainly on the literature and expert opinions by an international paediatric orthopaedic user group. BoNT-A is an important part of multimodal management, to support motor development and improve function when the targeted management of spasticity in specific muscle groups is clinically indicated. Individualised assessment and treatment are essential, and should be part of an integrated approach chosen to support the achievement of motor milestones. To this end, goals should be set for both the long term and for each injection cycle. The correct choice of target muscles is also important; not all spastic muscles need to be injected. A more focused approach needs to be established to improve function and motor development, and to prevent adverse compensations and contractures. Furthermore, the timeline of BoNT-A treatment extends from infancy to adulthood, and treatment should take into account the change in indications with age.
Plasma Spray-PVD: A New Thermal Spray Process to Deposit Out of the Vapor Phase (2011)

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is a low pressure plasma spray technology recently developed by Sulzer Metco AG (Switzerland). Even though it is a thermal spray process, it can deposit coatings out of the vapor phase. The basis of PS-PVD is the low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) technology that has been well established in industry for several years. In comparison to conventional vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) or low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), the new proposed process uses a high energy plasma gun operated at a reduced work pressure of 0.1 kPa (1 mbar). Owing to the high energy plasma and further reduced work pressure, PS-PVD is able to deposit a coating not only by melting the feed stock material which builds up a layer from liquid splats but also by vaporizing the injected material. Therefore, the PS-PVD process fills the gap between the conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies and standard thermal spray processes. The possibility to vaporize feedstock material and to produce layers out of the vapor phase results in new and unique coating microstructures. The properties of such coatings are superior to those of thermal spray and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) coatings. In contrast to EB-PVD, PS-PVD incorporates the vaporized coating material into a supersonic plasma plume. Owing to the forced gas stream of the plasma jet, complex shaped parts such as multi-airfoil turbine vanes can be coated with columnar thermal barrier coatings using PS-PVD. Even shadowed areas and areas which are not in the line of sight of the coating source can be coated homogeneously. This article reports on the progress made by Sulzer Metco in developing a thermal spray process to produce coatings out of the vapor phase. Columnar thermal barrier coatings made of Yttria-stabilized Zircona (YSZ) are optimized to serve in a turbine engine. This process includes not only preferable coating properties such as strain tolerance and erosion resistance but also the simultaneous coverage of multiple air foils.
Characterization and Quantification of Intact 26S Proteasome Proteins by Real-Time Measurement of Intrinsic Fluorescence Prior to Top-down Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Quantification of gas-phase intact protein ions by mass spectrometry (MS) is impeded by highly-variable ionization, ion transmission, and ion detection efficiencies. Therefore, quantification of proteins using MS-associated techniques is almost exclusively done after proteolysis where peptides serve as proxies for estimating protein abundance. Advances in instrumentation, protein separations, and informatics have made large-scale sequencing of intact proteins using top-down proteomics accessible to the proteomics community; yet quantification of proteins using a top-down workflow has largely been unaddressed. Here we describe a label-free approach to determine the abundance of intact proteins separated by nanoflow liquid chromatography prior to MS analysis by using solution-phase measurements of ultraviolet light-induced intrinsic fluorescence (UV-IF). UV-IF is measured directly at the electrospray interface just prior to the capillary exit where proteins containing at least one tryptophan residue are readily detected. UV-IF quantification was demonstrated using commercially available protein standards and provided more accurate and precise protein quantification than MS ion current. We evaluated the parallel use of UV-IF and top-down tandem MS for quantification and identification of protein subunits and associated proteins from an affinity-purified 26S proteasome sample from Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified 26 unique proteins and quantified 13 tryptophan-containing species. Our analyses discovered previously unidentified N-terminal processing of the β6 (PBF1) and β7 (PBG1) subunit - such processing of PBG1 may generate a heretofore unknown additional protease active site upon cleavage. In addition, our approach permitted the unambiguous identification and quantification both isoforms of the proteasome-associated protein DSS1.
Product Certification a Key to Safe Drinking Water (1998)

This article discusses standards for drinking water treatment chemicals and system components. It calls to light the two ANSI/NSF standards used for ensuring drinking water safety, discusses the importance of certification of products under these ANSI/NSF standards, and lists two organizations accredited by ANSI to certify products against both of these standards.
All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index (2002)

We describe an all-angle negative refraction effect that does not employ a negative effective index of refraction and involves photonic crystals. A few simple criteria sufficient to achieve this behavior are presented. To illustrate this phenomenon, a microsuperlens is designed and numerically demonstrated.
VISGIS: Dynamic situated visualization for geographic information systems (2016)

Situated Visualization techniques are visualization techniques that provide a presentation of information within its spatial context. Situated Visualization techniques have several advantages compared to traditional visualization techniques with the biggest advantage being providing the spatial relationship between data and the actual environment. However, Situated Visualization techniques are also subject to several challenges. In particular, Situated Visualization of data from geographic information systems (GIS) is exposed to a set of problems, such as limited visibility, legibility, information clutter and the limited understanding of spatial relationships. In this paper, we address the challenges of visibility, information clutter and understanding of spatial relationships with a set of dynamic Situated Visualization techniques that address the special needs of Situated Visualization of GIS data in particular for “street-view”-like perspectives as used for many navigation applications. The proposed techniques include dynamic annotation placement, dynamic label alignment and occlusion culling. We applied those techniques for two types of Situated Visualizations: Augmented Reality visualization and Indirect Augmented Reality using 360 Degree footage.
Three Terminal Josephson Junction with a Semiconductor Accumulation Layer (1987)

Experimental results are presented for a three terminal, voltage regulated Josephson device. Superconducting (Sn) source and drain electrodes were weakly connected via thinned ohmic contacts and an accumulation layer induced at an Al .5 Ga .5 As/n-GaAs insulator/semiconductor interface. A maximum product of Josephson current times normal state resistance, I o R o , of 10 µV was registered at a gate voltage of 2.6 V and a temperature of 1.6 K.
The Building Data Genome Project: An open, public data set from non-residential building electrical meters (2017)

As of 2015, there are over 60 million smart meters installed in the United States; these meters are at the forefront of big data analytics in the building industry. However, only a few public data sources of hourly non-residential meter data exist for the purpose of testing algorithms. This paper describes the collection, cleaning, and compilation of several such data sets found publicly on-line, in addition to several collected by the authors. There are 507 whole building electrical meters in this collection, and a majority are from buildings on university campuses. This group serves as a primary repository of open, non-residential data sources that can be built upon by other researchers. An overview of the data sources, subset selection criteria, and details of access to the repository are included. Future uses include the application of new, proposed prediction and classification models to compare performance to previously generated techniques.
Isolation, characterization and developmental expression of the ecdysteroid‐induced E75 gene of the wax moth Galleria mellonella (1994)

Using the cDNA for the Drosophila ecdysteroid-induced member of the steroid-hormone-receptor superfamily, E75A, we isolated a genomic clone from Galleria mellonella that revealed 77% similarity with the region of E75A cDNA encoding the C-terminal zinc-finger motif. A Galleria cDNA clone was isolated that encoded a complete DNA-binding domain composed of two zinc fingers and designated GmE75A. Its deduced amino acid sequence showed 100% and 85% identities within the DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains of Drosophila E75A, respectively. The Galleria genomic clone did not encode the N-terminal zinc finger, but included a sequence similar to the B1 exon, which is unique to the B isoform of E75. Thus, the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences indicated that the Galleria gene E75 encoded at least two isoforms, GmE75A and GmE75B, which differed in their N-termini. Probes specific for GmE75A and B hybridized to two distinct transcripts of 2.6 kb. Both GmE75A and B mRNA levels correlated closely with the ecdysteroid titer during development. At the onset of larval/pupal transformation, both transcripts appeared in high amounts within 4 h of the ecdysteroid rise, then declined concurrently with the hormone titer decline. At the time of pupal ecdysis, there was another peak of GmE75A expression but not GmE75B expression, coincident with a minor ecdysteroid pulse. In isolated abdomens of final instar larvae, GmE75A mRNA was induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone within 20 min of the injection; the mRNA levels were maximal at 1 h and declined by 3 h following the treatment.
Self-assembly, doxorubicin-loading and antibacterial activity of well-defined ABA-type amphiphilic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(d,l-lactide)-b-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) triblock copolymers (2016)

Synthesis, self-assembly, DOX-loading and antibacterial activity of well-defined ABA-type amphiphilic poly(<italic>N</italic>-vinylpyrrolidone)-<italic>b</italic>-poly(<sc>d</sc>,<sc>l</sc>-lactide)-<italic>b</italic>-poly(<italic>N</italic>-vinylpyrrolidone) triblock copolymers.
Theoretical Studies on the Unimolecular Reactions of Polyatomic Molecule Ions. I. Propane (1965)

This paper describes calculations on the unimolecular reactions of propane molecule ions using the quasiequilibrium theory of mass spectra. The invalid classical approximation to the number of states of a collection of harmonic oscillators, used in earlier calculations, is replaced for these calculations by an improved continuous approximation described previously. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental data obtained by electron-impact ionization, photoionization, and charge-exchange ionization. The variations in the mass spectra with temperature and with energy of the impacting particles are included in the calculations and comparisons. The quasiequilibrium theory in its improved form is found to be a satisfactory approximation for propane. A number of the apparently diverse features of the measured mass spectra of propane are shown to be consistent with the theory.
Telmisartan treatment upregulates GTP‐cyclohydrolase I and prevents eNOS uncoupling in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes (2008)

Cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus are associated with increased oxidative stress in vascular tissue. A key event for NO synthase (NOS) uncoupling involves downregulation of BH4 synthesizing enzyme GTP‐cyclohydrolase I (GCH‐I). We here investigated the effects of AT1‐receptor blockade with chronic telmisartan therapy on GCH‐I expression, NOS uncoupling and endothelial function in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus (type I). Diabetes was induced by single i.v. injection of STZ (60mg/kg, 7 weeks) in male Wistar rats (250g). Telmisartan (25mg/kg/d) therapy did not improve blood glucose and body weight. Aorta from diabetic animals had vascular dysfunction as revealed by isometric tension studies. ROS produced by NADPH oxidase, mitochondria and xanthine oxidase were increased in the diabetic group. NADPH oxidase subunits mRNA and protein expression was increased in response to STZ. Importantly, the expression of the GCH‐I and eNOS activating Ser1177 phosphorylation was decreased by STZ. Therapy with telmisartan normalized all these parameters almost completely. The results of the present studies demonstrate for the first time that AT1 receptor treatment of diabetic animals with telmisartan is able to prevent downregulation of the important BH4 synthesizing enzyme GCH‐I, which prevents eNOS uncoupling and an activation of cardiovascular superoxide sources.
Ergebnisse stationärer Therapie bei Patienten mit chronisch komplexem Tinnitus (2001)

Therapy of most severe cases of chronic tinnitus is possible, using an integrated concept of otologic and psychosomatic treatments. With large numbers of patients and sufficient data a thorough and necessary evaluation of this therapy can be achieved.
On space-frequency coding using cyclic delay diversity for OFDM-based transmission systems (2003)

We present a space-frequency coding scheme using cyclic delay diversity (CDD) for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based transmission system. CDD is a simple multiple transmit antenna approach for increasing the frequency selectivity of the channel seen at a single antenna receiver. This is due to the insertion of virtual echoes caused by antenna specific cyclic delays in the time domain at the transmitter. On each antenna a shifted version of the signal is sent, with these shifts being performed in the frequency domain. This allows the receiver to apply optimum demodulation, and thus exploit the diversity introduced by CDD. We optimize the selection of the time domain cyclic delays in the CDD so as to get full spatial diversity with the proposed space-frequency codes with CDD (SFC-CDDs) scheme. Moreover, we show simulation results for SFC-CDD, which confirm theoretical results with respect to the achieved spatial diversity, and present a comparison with the well-known Alamouti scheme implemented as SFC.
Thin-Film Encapsulated RF MEMS Switches (2007)

A wafer-level thin-film encapsulation process has been demonstrated to package radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches in this paper. Individual shunt capacitive switches were packaged in a ~1nL inorganic enclosure with process temperatures not exceeding 300 degC. A shell covering the switch consisted of 10 nm of sputtered alumina and 1.67 mum of sputtered silicon nitride dielectric film. The switch and dielectric shell were simultaneously wet-released through access channels in the shell. Following release, access channels were sealed with 10 nm of sputtered alumina and 2-4 mum of either plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. Electromagnetic simulation and RF test results before and after sealing show minimal RF degradation of switch performance. Before sealing, the insertion loss and isolation at 10 GHz averaged 0.12 and 10.7 dB, respectively. After sealing, the same devices had an average insertion loss and isolation of 0.12 and 10.1 dB, respectively. Complete characterization of the package atmosphere was not completed due to challenges in assessing nanoliter-scale volumes
Required concentration index quantifies effective drug combinations against hepatitis C virus infection (2020)

Abstract Successful clinical drug development requires rational design of combination treatments based on preclinical data. Anti-HCV drugs exhibit significant diversity in antiviral effect. Dose-response assessments can be used to determine parameters profiling the diverse antiviral effect during combination treatment. In the current study, a combined experimental and mathematical approaches were used to compare and score different combinations of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments. A “required concentration index” was generated and used to rank the antiviral profile of possible double- and triple-drug combinations against HCV genotype 1 and 2. Rankings varied based on target HCV genotype. Interestingly, multidrug (double and triple) treatment not only augmented antiviral activity, but also reduced genotype-specific efficacy, suggesting another advantage of multidrug treatment. The current study provides a quantitative method for profiling drug combinations against viral genotypes, to better inform clinical drug development.
Absorption of Herbinol—A Polyherbal Topical Cream (1994)

Objective: To determine serum absorption concentrations of two bioactive chemical markers (munjistin and rottlerin) of Herbinol, a topical polyherbal antiseptic cream. Design: Topical application of Herbinol cream on the back of albino rats on hair-free skin. Study: Serum concentrations of munjistin and rottlerin were estimated after application of Herbinol on the backs of the rats at 0,1, 2,3,4, and 24 hours and concentrations were quantified by high-performance-thin-layer chromatography. The validity of the procedure was verified by recovery studies by adding a known concentration of standards to drug-free serum. Results: Peak serum concentrations of both munjistin and rottlerin were observed two hours after topical application of Herbinol and the concentrations measured were 122 ± 5.8 ng/mL of rottlerin and 38 ± 3.2 ng/mL of munjistin. At these concentrations both compounds showed antimicrobial effects. Conclusions: The absorption studies performed with the topical antiseptic polyherbal cream Herbinol showed quantifiable serum concentrations of rottlerin and munjistin two hours after application. Both the markers showed antimicrobial efficacy at the measured concentrations and thus have clinical significance. This is a preliminary report on absorption studies of a polyherbal drug.
[A newly established melanoma cell line (GAK) with 5-S-cysteinyldopa phenotype]. (1984)

The production of 5-S-cysteinyldopa by a newly established melanoma cell line GAK is reported. The cell line was derived from a metastatic inguinal lymph node of vulvar malignant melanoma. The cell line grew well without interruption for over 4 years, GAK cells were proved to have melanin granules and tyrosinase activity in their cytoplasma by Masson's staining and dopa reaction, respectively. Melanin granules were ultrastructually identified as melanosomes in various maturing stages. The chromosomal number varied widely and showed aneuploidly, but the modal chromosomal number was stable in the hypotriploid range. GAK cells were transplanted to nude mice and produced tumors resembling the original. Because glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of GAK revealed a type B (slow) mobility pattern on electrophoresis, the possibility of Hela cell contamination could be completely excluded. High performance liquid chromatography revealed "5-S-cysteinyldopa", a new tumor marker of malignant melanoma, in culture media of GAK cells. The cell line described may serve as a representative model system for basic and clinical studies on malignant melanoma.
Pattern of liver diseases in children admitted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital (2010)

Background: Liver diseases cause a significant health problem and a considerable drain in the country’s resources. Although pediatric hepatology has advanced greatly over the last decade and many children with severe liver disease are now surviving into adulthood, the research efforts are still mostly directed to adult liver diseases. There are some liver diseases which are particularly seen in the pediatric practice. The research efforts should, therefore, be focused on the pediatric liver diseases as well. The present study is one such step to enrich our knowledge base on pediatric liver diseases. Methods: A total of 164 paediatric patients aged 1 month to 14 years admitted from January 2007 to December 2009 were consecutively included in the study. Diagnoses were made on clinical grounds and laboratory investigations. Some patients (n = 30) underwent biopsy as well. Diagnoses were classified into four broad categories like infective, metabolic, congenital and idiopathic liver diseases. Outcome of the patients were classified as cured, improved, discharge on request (DOR), leave against medical advice (LAMA) and death. Result: The mean age was 4.8 ± 0.3 years and the lowest and highest ages were 5 months and 14 years respectively male to female ratio was roughly of 3:2. Two-thirds (67.1%) of the children belonged to poor social class and 25% to middle class. Broader classification the diseases demonstrated that 66% children had infective hepatitis, 15% idiopathic diseases, 10% metabolic/storage and 9% congenital liver diseases. Specific diagnoses showed that over half (53%) of the cases had acute viral hepatitis, about 8% neonatal hepatic syndrome (NHS) and 6.1% fulminating hepatic failure (FHF). Wilson’s disease, storage disease, liver cirrhosis and biliary atresia were less common. Over 70% of the children improved with treatment and 2.4% died. Older children were more prone to have infective, metabolic and idiopathic liver diseases (p < 0.001). Sex and socioeconomic status were not found to be associated with liver diseases (p = 0.757 and p = 0.487 respectively). Conclusion: Overall, the prime cause of liver disease in older children of our country is infective (viral hepatitis) Age is a determinant of types of liver disease. But sex and socioeconomic status did not prove so. Key words: Pediatric liver diseases; pattern; hospital admitted children International Journal of Hepatology Vol.1(3) 2010 pp.18-24
The Alginate Demonstration: Polymers, Food Science, and Ion Exchange (1998)

We have recently devised a polymer demonstration involving the crosslinking and decrosslinking of alginate, a polysaccharide isolated from seaweed. The polymer is composed of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid subunits and is a component of cell walls. It is commonly used as a thickener in foods such as ice cream and fruit-filled snacks. For the demonstration, a 2% solution of sodium alginate is poured into a 1% solution of calcium chloride. Nontoxic calcium alginate "worms" form due to crosslinking of the polymer. Alternatively, the commercially available antacid Gaviscon can be used as a source of sodium alginate. The crosslinks can then be broken by shaking the worms in brine. The demonstration is a fine addition to any chemical educator's repertoire of polymer experiments.