gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Investigation of the Gel Structure of Native Starches (2018)

Starch gels are prepared by varying the starch source (regular potato: PS; regular corn: CS; high amylose [AM] corn: HACS), the disintegration temperature (95 and 140 °C) and the storage time (1 and 7 days). The mechanical strength is determined and found to be increased with increasing disintegration temperature and storage time. Enhanced AM content of the starch enables stronger gels under specific preparation conditions. For the purpose of a detailed analysis of the gel composition, a new method is developed separating the system by means of centrifugation in two phases, a liquid (dissolved polymers; supernatant) and a swollen phase (polymers involved in gel network structure; sediment). Most of the starch is found to be involved in the swollen gel network phase. That structure is selectively degraded by means of specific enzyme combinations (pullulanase and α-amylase; pullulanase and β-amylase) to obtain different resistant portions representing the crystalline “junction zones” (α-amylase) and the polymer chains involved in both crystallized areas as well as amorphous intermediary segments (β-amylase), respectively. The portions are subsequently characterized by means of SEC. Within the present study, highest gel strength (HACS; 140 °C) is accompanied by the highest amounts of α- and β-amylase resistant portions (10% and 50%, respectively), and the regular starches had lower gel strength to accompany the lower amounts of resistant portions. In general, the starch polymers within the β-amylase resistant portions had higher Mw compared to those building the “junction zones,” and the Mw of the β-amylase resistant portions is higher for HACS compared to the regular starches. The amylopectin-fraction is not imagined to be strongly involved in the gel network structure. The limitations of the analytical method are also discussed.
Delayed Hypersensitivity to Purified Streptococcal M Protein in Guinea Pigs and in Man (1969)

Summary Purified M antigen extracted from Group A streptococci was not homogeneous but was distributed among several molecular populations of protein. The type-specificity of delayed hypersensitivity to a selected single population of M protein, which appeared immunochemically pure, was studied. The majority of normal human adults showed delayed skin hypersensitivity to the highly purified fractions of both rare and common M serotypes with equal frequency. Similar delayed skin reactions were elicited often in normal adult guinea pigs. Like human infants, baby guinea pigs were more tolerant to purified M protein, and in these young animals type-specific delayed allergy could be demonstrated soon after immunization with a single dose of purified M protein in Freund's complete adjuvant. Weak cross-reactions between M serotypes were observed in some animals suggesting contaminating antigens of unknown nature. Both type-specific and cross-reactive delayed hypersensitivity were confirmed by in vitro inhibition of migration of peritoneal macrophages of sensitized guinea pigs. Although some degree of type-specificity of delayed allergy was induced in young guinea pigs, the ubiquitous nature of cross-reacting determinants was apparent. the latter may constitute contaminating antigens or may be common antigenic determinants of the M moiety uncovered during purification. The possibilities that the guinea pig model of human delayed allergy to M protein may prove useful in evaluating the purity of M protein vaccines and in studying the role of type-specific delayed hypersensitivity in immunity to streptococcal infections were discussed.
Cytocompatible and reversible phospholipid polymer hydrogels for encapsulation to provide unified quality cells (2014)

As the field of regenerative medicine based on stem cell engineering starts to play the important role in the new generation of bioengineering, the cells are starting to be treated as one of the materials to be controlled and optimized rather than those to be observed. Temporal and spatial encapsulation of the cells by the hydrogels are getting an attention as a novel way to handle cells in the three dimensional condition. In this study, cytocompatible and reversible phospholipid polymer hydrogels were prepared by mixing the aqueous solutions of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate-co-p-vinylphenylboronic acid) (PMBV) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The murine pluripotent stem cell line C3H10T1/2 is known to suppress its proliferation when encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA hydrogel with storage modulus of 1.2 kPa. The cell cycle of the encapsulated cells were unified to G1 phase in cell proliferation cycle after 1 day of encapsulation. The differentiation of C3H10T1/2 to osteogenic cells by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction method after induction of BMP-2 signal for 3 days. The cells encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA hydrogel showed 1.7-hold increase of early-stage osteoblast gene expression with well-defined quality will make substantial contribution to the field of regenerative medicine.
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived eosinophils reveal potent cytotoxicity against solid tumors (2021)

Eosinophils are attractive innate immune cells to use to potentiate T cell antitumor efficacy because they are capable of infiltrating tumors at early stages and modulating the tumor microenvironment. However, the limited number of functional eosinophils caused by the scarcity and short life of primary eosinophils in peripheral blood has greatly impeded the development of eosinophil-based immunotherapy. In this study, we established an efficient chemically defined protocol to generate a large quantity of functional eosinophils from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with nearly 100% purity expressing eosinophil peroxidase. These hPSC-derived eosinophils transcriptionally resembled their primary counterpart. Moreover, hPSC-derived eosinophils showed competent tumor killing capacity in established solid tumors. Furthermore, the combination of hPSC-derived eosinophils with CAR-T cells exhibited potential synergistic effects, inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing mouse survival. Our study opens up new avenues for the development of eosinophil-based immunotherapies to treat cancer.
Synaptic vesicle membrane proteins interact to form a multimeric complex. (1992)

Potential interactions between membrane components of rat brain synaptic vesicles were analyzed by detergent solubilization followed by size fractionation or immunoprecipitation. The behavior of six synaptic vesicle membrane proteins as well as a plasma membrane protein was monitored by Western blotting. Solubilization of synaptic vesicle membranes in CHAPS resulted in the recovery of a large protein complex that included SV2, p65, p38, vesicle-associated membrane protein, and the vacuolar proton pump. Solubilization in octylglucoside resulted in the preservation of interactions between SV2, p38, and rab3A, while solubilization of synaptic vesicles with Triton X-100 resulted in two predominant interactions, one involving p65 and SV2, and the other involving p38 and vesicle-associated membrane protein. The multicomponent complex preserved with CHAPS solubilization was partially reconstituted following octylglucoside solubilization and subsequent dialysis against CHAPS. Reduction of the CHAPS concentration by gel filtration chromatography resulted in increased recovery of the multicomponent complex. Examination of the large complex isolated from CHAPS-solubilized vesicles by negative stain EM revealed structures with multiple globular domains, some of which were specifically labeled with gold-conjugated antibodies directed against p65 and SV2. The protein interactions defined in this report are likely to underlie aspects of neurotransmitter secretion, membrane traffic, and the spatial organization of vesicles within the nerve terminal.
Evaluation of Putative Renal Cell Carcinoma Markers PAX-2, PAX-8, and hKIM-1 in Germ Cell Tumors (2012)

In a subset of cases, metastatic renal cell carcinoma can demonstrate significant morphologic overlap with germ cell neoplasms, making accurate diagnosis challenging. In such cases, immunohistochemistry is often used as an adjunct diagnostic tool. Expression of the putative renal cell carcinoma markers PAX-2, PAX-8, and hKIM-1 has been reported in a small series of certain germ cell tumors, raising doubt about their specificity for renal cell carcinoma. To further characterize these markers, we evaluated PAX-2, PAX-8, and hKIM-1 staining in 100 germ cell tumors using tissue microarrays. PAX-2 and PAX-8 staining was identified in 50% and 25% of yolk sac tumors (respectively), with hKIM-1 staining identified in 48% of embryonal carcinomas and 50% of yolk sac tumors. All other germ tumor cells (notably including 62 seminomas) were negative for all 3 markers, in contrast to prior reports of PAX-8 reactivity in seminoma. This study indicates that PAX-2, PAX-8, and hKIM-1 should be used cautiously in distinguishing renal cell carcinoma from nonseminomatous germ cell neoplasia and also adds to the growing list of nonrenal tumors that express these 3 markers.
Head rush Ajax : 学びながら読むAjax入門 (2006)

１章 次世代のＷｅｂアプリケーション ２章 Ａｊａｘリクエストを作成する極秘（プロジェクト：カオス） ３章 非同期アプリケーション ４章 ドキュメントオブジェクトモデル ４．５章 ＤＯＭアプリケーションを作る ５章 ＰＯＳＴリクエスト 君は見張られている（プロジェクト：カオス） ６章 ＸＭＬリクエスト＆レスポンス ７章 ＪＳＯＮ ｖｓ．ＸＭＬ
Cell Sorting of Formalin-Treated Pathogenic Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Expressing GFP (2002)

GFP is widely used as a molecular tool for the study of microbial pathogens. However, the manipulation of these pathogenic microorganisms poses a health threat to the laboratory worker, requiring biosafety level II or III containment. Although the GFPfluorophore is tolerant toformalin, a thorough analysis of this treatment on fluorescent output in prokaryotic systems has not been described. In addition, the analysis of microorganisms expressing GFP often depends on specialized equipment, which may not be housed in biosafety level II or III laboratories. Therefore, we sought to develop a safe and effective method for manipulating the GFP-expressing pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp, paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) utilizing a formalin treatment that would permit the analysis of GFP fluorescence without requiring stringent biosafety containment. We demonstrate that formalin-treated M. paratuberculosis expresses 50% less fluorescence than viable cells, but this reduction is still compatible with spectrofluorometry and cell sorting. Furthermore, plasmid DNA that expresses GFP can be recovered efficiently from nonviable, sorted fluorescent cells. This approach is flexible, provides an additional margin of safety for laboratory personnel, and can be easily applied to other pathogenic microorganisms expressing GFP.
Valve‐in‐Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Redo Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Failed Surgical Aortic Bioprostheses: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (2022)

Background In the absence of randomized controlled trials, reports from nonrandomized studies comparing valve-in-valve implantation (ViV) to redo surgical aortic valve replacement (rAVR) have shown inconsistent results. Methods and Results PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched through December 2021. Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Random effects models were applied. The primary outcomes of interest were short-term and midterm mortality. Secondary outcomes included stroke, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, and permanent pacemaker implantation, as well as prosthetic aortic valve regurgitation, mean transvalvular gradient, and severe prosthesis-patient mismatch. Of 8881 patients included in 15 studies, 4458 (50.2%) underwent ViV and 4423 (49.8%) rAVR. Short-term mortality was 2.8% in patients undergoing ViV compared with 5.0% in patients undergoing rAVR (risk ratio [RR] 0.55 [95% CI, 0.34-0.91], <i>P</i>=0.02). Midterm mortality did not differ in patients undergoing ViV compared with patients undergoing rAVR (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.72-2.25]). The rate of acute kidney failure was lower following ViV, (RR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.33-0.88], <i>P</i>=0.02), whereas prosthetic aortic valve regurgitation (RR, 4.18 [95% CI, 1.88-9.3], <i>P</i>=0.003) as well as severe patient-prothesis mismatch (RR, 3.12 [95% CI, 2.35-4.1], <i>P</i><0.001) occurred more frequently. The mean transvalvular gradient was higher following ViV (standard mean difference, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.15-0.72], <i>P</i>=0.008). There were no significant differences between groups with respect to stroke (<i>P</i>=0.26), myocardial infarction (<i>P</i>=0.93), or pacemaker implantation (<i>P</i>=0.21). Conclusions Results of this meta-analysis demonstrate better short-term mortality after ViV compared with rAVR. Midterm mortality was similar between groups. Given the likely selection bias in these individual reports, an adequately powered multicenter randomized clinical trial with sufficiently long follow-up in patients with low-to-intermediate surgical risk is warranted. Registration URL: crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/. Unique identifier: CRD42021228752.
Effect of phenolic monomers on biomass and hydrolytic enzyme activities of an anaerobic fungus isolated from wild nil gai (Baselophus tragocamelus) (2003)

It is concluded that the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. FNG5 is tolerant to phenolic monomers and has ability to degrade them. Therefore, such anaerobic fungi may play an important role in fibre degradation in the rumen.
Neonatal Fc receptor expression in macrophages is indispensable for IgG homeostasis (2019)

The maintenance of the homeostasis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents a fundamental aspect of humoral immunity that has direct relevance to the successful delivery of antibody-based therapeutics. The ubiquitously expressed neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) salvages IgG from cellular degradation following pinocytic uptake into cells, conferring prolonged in vivo persistence on IgG. However, the cellular sites of FcRn function are poorly defined. Pinocytic uptake is a prerequisite for FcRn-mediated IgG salvage, prompting us to investigate the consequences of IgG uptake and catabolism by macrophages, which represent both abundant and highly pinocytic cells in the body. Site-specific deletion of FcRn to generate mice harboring FcRn-deficient macrophages results in IgG hypercatabolism and ~threefold reductions in serum IgG levels, whereas these effects were not observed in mice that lack functional FcRn in B cells and dendritic cells. Consistent with the degradative activity of FcRn-deficient macrophages, depletion of these cells in FcRn-deficient mice leads to increased persistence and serum levels of IgG. These studies demonstrate a pivotal role for FcRn-mediated salvage in compensating for the high pinocytic and degradative activities of macrophages to maintain IgG homeostasis.
Barrier-to-autointegration-factor (Banf1) modulates DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice via regulation of DNA-dependent kinase (DNA-PK) activity (2021)

DNA repair pathways are essential to maintain the integrity of the genome and prevent cell death and tumourigenesis. Here, we show that the Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (Banf1) protein has a role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Banf1 is characterized as a nuclear envelope protein and mutations in Banf1 are associated with the severe premature aging syndrome, Néstor-Guillermo Progeria Syndrome. We have previously shown that Banf1 directly regulates the activity of PARP1 in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions. Here, we show that Banf1 also has a role in modulating DNA double-strand break repair through regulation of the DNA-dependent Protein Kinase catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs. Specifically, we demonstrate that Banf1 relocalizes from the nuclear envelope to sites of DNA double-strand breaks. We also show that Banf1 can bind to and directly inhibit the activity of DNA-PKcs. Supporting this, cellular depletion of Banf1 leads to an increase in non-homologous end-joining and a decrease in homologous recombination, which our data suggest is likely due to unrestrained DNA-PKcs activity. Overall, this study identifies how Banf1 regulates double-strand break repair pathway choice by modulating DNA-PKcs activity to control genome stability within the cell.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins Using TIQ Phosphine—Oxazoline Ligands. (2011)

Abstract The title reaction affords high enantiomeric excesses but also a high substrate dependence is observed.
Asymmetrical leakage currents as a possible origin of the polarization offsets observed in compositionally graded ferroelectric films (2003)

Offsets of hysteresis loops along the polarization axis have been observed on a step graded Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin film using a Sawyer–Tower (ST) circuit. However, the same effect may be artificially reproduced by adding adequate resistors and diodes in parallel with a nongraded PZT thin film. The hypothesis that the offsets were mainly due to the asymmetrical charging up of the standard capacitor used in the ST circuit, allows us to establish that the graded ferroelectric sample behaves as a kind of rectifying device. It is concluded that the presence of asymmetrical leakage currents in compositionally graded devices may allow the elucidation of the origin of the offsets often observed in these structures. Correlatively, it is demonstrated that such offsets do not represent an abnormal static polarization but a dc voltage. The Em4 power law dependence of the offsets (where Em is the amplitude of the electric field) was found to be attributable to the nonlinear increase of the net leakage current.
Security techniques for the global information infrastructure (2002)

Information security has become an issue of critical importance; the potentially huge moves towards a global information infrastructure (GII) and electronic commerce heavily depend on the security issues being resolved. Before the GII and electronic commerce obtain widespread use and general acceptance, confidence is required that the security techniques being employed are sufficient to guarantee the effective protection of the information transmitted processed and stored. The authors look at the GII security requirements, the needs for security standardization, the work underway and the tasks ahead.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Method Requirements for Wireless LANs (2005)

The IEEE 802.11i MAC Security Enhancements Amendment makes use of IEEE
802.1X, which in turn relies on the Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP). This document defines requirements for EAP methods used in IEEE
802.11 wireless LAN deployments. The material in this document has
been approved by IEEE 802.11 and is being presented as an IETF RFC for
informational purposes. This memo provides information for the
Internet community.
Control of Bioelectrocatalytic Transformations on DNA Scaffolds (2009)

The spatial organization of biomolecules on a DNA scaffold linked to an electrode leads to programmed biocatalytic transformations. This is exemplified by the electrical contacting of glucose oxidase (GOx) linked to the DNA scaffold with the electrode. A nucleic acid functionalized with a ferrocene relay unit was hybridized with the DNA scaffold at a position adjacent to the electrode, and GOx functionalized with nucleic acid units complementary to the specific domain of the DNA template was hybridized with the DNA scaffold in a position remote from the electrode. Under these conditions, ferrocene-mediated oxidation of the redox center of GOx occurred, and the effective bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose was activated. Exchange of the position of GOx and the electron-mediator groups prohibited the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. In another system, a nucleic acid-functionalized microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) and the nucleic acid-modified GOx were hybridized with the adjacent and remote sites, respectively, on the DNA scaffold associated with the electrode. In this configuration, effective MP-11-catalyzed reduction of H(2)O(2) generated by the GOx-catalyzed oxidation of glucose occurred, and the resulting bioelectrocatalytic cathodic currents were controlled by the concentration of glucose. Exchanging the positions of MP-11 and GOx on the DNA scaffold eliminated the MP-11-electrocatalyzed reduction of H(2)O(2).
Influence of traditional Chinese medicine and Bacillus species (TCMBS) on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (2018)

Multispecies herbs and probiotic bacteria offered to fish might enhance their immune response and increase disease resistance, but the dose effects of herbal-probiotic application remain unclear. Therefore, the effect of herbal-probiotic mixtures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of composition Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, Crataegus hupehensis and probiotic Bacillus species (BS) of composition Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lincheniformis as natural immunostimulants in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus have been investigated. Fish were randomly divided into four groups: control diet (CT), TCMBS1 [TCM at 3 g/kg and BS at 7 g/kg], TCMBS2 [TCM at 5 g/kg and BS at 5 g/kg], TCMBS3 [TCM at 7 g/kg and BS at 3 g/kg]. Tilapia in the TCMBS3 group showed significant improvement in weight gain, specific growth rate, and lowered feed conversion ratio compared with other treated groups and the control. Concerning immune indexes, all treated groups significantly enhanced lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, catalase, protease and antiprotease activities, with highest values in catalase and antiprotease activities in TCMBS3 compared with control. TCMBS3 demonstrated higher expression of βeta-defensin, lysozyme, heat shock protein 70, catalase and transforming growth factor-βeta compared with other treated groups or the control group in both mid-intestines and head-kidney. After challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae, the best survival was found in TCMBS3 (97%), followed by TCMBS2 (73%), and TCMBS1 (69%) compared with the CT (35%). Collectively the present results suggest that TCMBS3 dose might potentiate a higher immune response and disease resistance in fish.
Estimating the Unloaded Quality Factor of Reverberation Chambers Using the Effective Conductivity Model (2021)

Estimating the quality ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> ) factor of an unloaded reverberation chamber (RC) is a challenging problem in practice. To answer this question conservatively and confidently, this paper reviews the measured unloaded <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> factors of 38 RCs worldwide. The effective wall conductivities are summarized from the reported measurement results. Broadband <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> factors of RCs from the same supplier but with different dimensions are highlighted to compare. The measurement results show that the effective wall conductivity is frequency dependent and the dependency behaves in a similar way. The empirical values of the effective wall conductivity are extracted to estimate the unloaded <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> factors conservatively.