gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic neuronal survival induced by retinal trophic factors (2001)

Neuronal survival in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system depends on neurotrophic factors available from target tissues. In an attempt to identify novel survival factors, we have studied the effect of secreted factors from retinal cells on the survival of chick sympathetic ganglion neurons. Embryonic day 10 sympathetic neurons undergo programmed cell death after 48 h without appropriate levels of nerve growth factor (NGF). Retina Conditioned Media (RCM) from explants of embryonic day 11 retinas maintained for 4 days in vitro supported 90% of E10 chick sympathetic neurons after 48 h. Conditioned medium from purified chick retinal Muller glial cells supported nearly 100% of E10 chick sympathetic neurons. Anti-NGF (1 microg/mL) blocked the survival effect of NGF, but did not block the trophic effect of RCM. Neither BDNF nor NT4 (0.1-50 ng/mL) supported E10 sympathetic neuron survival. Incubation of chimeric immunoglobulin-receptors TrkA, TrkB, or TrkC had no effect on RCM-induced sympathetic neuron survival. The survival effects were not blocked by anti-GDNF, anti-TGFbeta, and anti-CNTF and were not mimicked by FGFb (0.1-10 nM). LY294002 at 50 microM, but not PD098059 blocked sympathetic survival induced by RCM. Further, the combination of RCM and NGF did not result in an increase in neuronal survival compared with NGF alone (82% survival after 48 h). The secreted factor in RCM is retained in subfractions with a molecular weight above 100 kDa, binds to heparin, and is unaffected by dialysis, but is heat sensitive. Our results indicate the presence of a high-molecular weight retinal secreted factor that supports sympathetic neurons in culture.
Full parallax multifocus three-dimensional display using a slanted light source array (2011)

A new multifocus three-dimensional display which gives full parallax monocular depth cue and omni-directional focus is developed with the least parallax images. The key factor of this display system is a slanted array of light-emitting diode light source, not a horizontal array. In this system, defocus effects are experimentally achieved and the monocular focus effect is tested by four parallax images and even two parallax images. The full parallax multifocus three-dimensional display is more applicable to monocular or binocular augmented reality three-dimensional display in the modification to a see-through type.
Fine specificity of the IgE interaction with the low and high affinity Fc receptor (1993)

The characterization of the site(s) on the IgE molecule that accommodate the high (Fc epsilon RI) and low (Fc epsilon RII) affinity receptors for IgE should allow the design of IgE analogues that can be used to block the onset of the allergic response or to regulate IgE production. To identify the IgE domain responsible for receptor binding, we generated a series of chimeric IgE antibodies in which constant region domains were interchanged between the human and mouse molecules. Binding studies with these chimeras revealed that both the high and low affinity receptor binding-sites reside primarily in the third constant domain of IgE (C epsilon 3). Additional chimeric IgE molecules were generated in which different parts of the human C epsilon 3 domain were exchanged with their murine homologues. Binding experiments with these chimeras suggest that not only the sequence of a particular C epsilon 3 fragment, but the entire C epsilon 3 domain in its native configuration is essential for binding to the Fc epsilon RI. The amino acid residues determining the species specificity of the Fc epsilon RII are not contained in the first 16 amino acids of the C epsilon 3 domain.
Percutaneous image‐guided cryoablation of painful metastases involving bone (2012)

Percutaneous cryoablation is a safe, effective, and durable method for palliation of pain due to metastatic disease involving bone.
The Place of Risk Management in Financial Institutions (1997)

: The purpose of this paper is to address two issues. It defines the appropriate role played by institutions in the financial sector and focuses on the role of risk management in firms that use their own balance sheets to provide financial products. A key objective is to explain when risks are better transferred to the purchaser of the assets issued or created by the financial institution and when the risks of these financial products are best absorbed by the firm itself. However, once these risks are absorbed, they must be efficiently managed. So, a second part of the current analysis develops a framework for efficient and effective risk management for those risks which the firm chooses to manage within its balance sheet. The goal of this activity is to achieve the highest value added from the risk management undertaken. 1 1. Introduction Financial institutions exist to improve the efficiency of the financial markets. If savers and investors, buyers and sellers, could loca...
Novel electron injection method using band-to-band tunneling induced hot electrons (BBHE) for flash memory with a P-channel cell (2002)

A novel electron injection scheme for flash memory is proposed, where band-to-band tunneling induced hot electrons (BBHE) are employed in a P-channel cell. This proposed method ensures the realization of high program efficiency, high scalability and hot-hole-injection-free operation. We also demonstrate an application of the method to DINOR (DIvided bit-line NOR) program operation. An ultra-high-speed programming of 60 nsec/Byte can be achieved with a leakage current less than 1 mA by utilizing 512 Byte parallel programming. This new DINOR flash memory is shown to be the most promising for the realization of a low-voltage, high-performance and high-reliability flash memory of 64 Mbits and beyond.
Peripheral Modulation Of The Endocrine Responses (2005)

Strenuous exercise activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Exercise-induced stress has emotional components, but may also convey excitation by peripheral mechanisms. PURPOSE To determine the effects of the muscle contraction and metabolism on the HPA axis response to exercise. METHODS Muscular and endocrine responses to eighty isokinetic contractions of the knee flexor and extensor muscle groups for each leg (180°/s angular velocity) were evaluated in twenty athletes (13 endurance-trained, EA, 7 power-trained, PA). Before, immediately after the exercise and at different time points in the subsequent 120 minutes, plasma ACTH, serum GH, salivary cortisol, and serum lactate levels were determined and EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis during isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the dominant leg. Mean frequency (MNF) of the EMG signal spectrum, average rectified value (ARV), and muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) were estimated. RESULTS The peak extension torque value recorded by the dominant leg and its rate of change during the isokinetic exercise were found significantly higher in PA than EA. No differences were found for ARV both before and after the exercise, while the prepost exercise variations of CV and MNF were found higher in PA than EA. PA showed higher hormonal and lactate responses than EA, as indicated comparing the areas under the response curve, AURC, calculated as areas under the absolute concentration curves corrected for baseline values (ACTH: PA, 126.1±106.4 vs EA, 28.3±18.4, p=0.02; GH: PA, 4023.2±3755.5 vs EA, 1369.8±2871.3, p=0.02; cortisol: PA, 768.4±591.8 vs EA, 499.0±387.6, p=0.05; lactate: PA, 824.0±230.2 vs EA, 476.2±207.0, p=0.006, mean±SD, Mann-Whitney test). The Spearman correlation analysis showed significant relationships between lactate peak values and the following variables: ACTH peak (r=0.66, p=0.001), cortisol peak (r=0.52, p=0.02), GH peak (r=0.45, p=0.04), GH AURC (r=0.46, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS The differences between EA and PA in muscle and endocrine responses, together with the positive correlations between lactate and hormones, suggest that muscle and HPA axis activities can be related. The mechanism underlying a peripheral modulation of the HPA axis response to exercise may consist in the following cascade of events: lactate production and variations of the composition of muscular microenvironment, activation of type III and IV muscle afferents (so-called metaboreceptors), activation of the spinohypothalamic tract neurons of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus, and eventually the stimulation of pituitary. Supported by MIUR Project “ENERME”. Posters Displayed: One and one-half hour author presentation times are staggered among authors from 2:00–3:30 p.m. and 3:30–5:00 p.m.
How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (2008)

The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) by mammalian mitochondria is important because it underlies oxidative damage in many pathologies and contributes to retrograde redox signalling from the organelle to the cytosol and nucleus. Superoxide (O2(*-)) is the proximal mitochondrial ROS, and in the present review I outline the principles that govern O2(*-) production within the matrix of mammalian mitochondria. The flux of O2(*-) is related to the concentration of potential electron donors, the local concentration of O2 and the second-order rate constants for the reactions between them. Two modes of operation by isolated mitochondria result in significant O2(*-) production, predominantly from complex I: (i) when the mitochondria are not making ATP and consequently have a high Deltap (protonmotive force) and a reduced CoQ (coenzyme Q) pool; and (ii) when there is a high NADH/NAD+ ratio in the mitochondrial matrix. For mitochondria that are actively making ATP, and consequently have a lower Deltap and NADH/NAD+ ratio, the extent of O2(*-) production is far lower. The generation of O2(*-) within the mitochondrial matrix depends critically on Deltap, the NADH/NAD+ and CoQH2/CoQ ratios and the local O2 concentration, which are all highly variable and difficult to measure in vivo. Consequently, it is not possible to estimate O2(*-) generation by mitochondria in vivo from O2(*-)-production rates by isolated mitochondria, and such extrapolations in the literature are misleading. Even so, the description outlined here facilitates the understanding of factors that favour mitochondrial ROS production. There is a clear need to develop better methods to measure mitochondrial O2(*-) and H2O2 formation in vivo, as uncertainty about these values hampers studies on the role of mitochondrial ROS in pathological oxidative damage and redox signalling.
Revisiting Type 2‐high and Type 2‐low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications (2016)

Asthma is a complex respiratory disorder characterized by marked heterogeneity in individual patient disease triggers and response to therapy. Several asthma phenotypes have now been identified, each defined by a unique interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including inflammatory, clinical and trigger-related phenotypes. Endotypes further describe the functional or pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the patient's disease. type 2-driven asthma is an emerging nomenclature for a common subtype of asthma and is characterized by the release of signature cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 from cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. A number of well-recognized biomarkers have been linked to mechanisms involved in type 2 airway inflammation, including fractional exhaled nitric oxide, serum IgE, periostin, and blood and sputum eosinophils. These type 2 cytokines are targets for pharmaceutical intervention, and a number of therapeutic options are under clinical investigation for the management of patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. Anticipating and understanding the heterogeneity of asthma and subsequent improved characterization of different phenotypes and endotypes must guide the selection of treatment to meet individual patients' needs.
Identification of the New Strain of Strawberry latent ringspot virus Isolated from Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) (2007)

Abstract Three isolates of Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) were obtained from black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.): SLRSV‐G2, SLRSV‐N31 and SLRSV‐W16. The isolates were identified by the host range, particle morphology, serological properties and virus‐specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The studies showed that two Polish isolates: SLRSV‐N31 and SLRSV‐W16 are almost identical, while the SLRSV‐G2 isolate is remarkably different. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that SLRSV‐G2 is also distinct from others reported to date. Pairwise comparisons of SLRSV‐G2 with other isolates available in GenBank database showed only 76–79% nucleotide similarity. Therefore, SLRSV‐G2 is proposed as a new strain of SLRSV.
Normes européennes dans les STI coopératifs (2015)

Le nombre de décès et de blessés sur les routes est encore à un niveau inacceptable. Pour améliorer ce problème, les Systèmes de Transport Intelligents coopératifs introduisent des communications intervéhiculaires, ou entre les véhicules et l'infrastructure routière, qui visent à prévenir les accidents. Ils fournissent aussi des services pour la gestion du trafic ou le confort de la mobilité individuelle. Pour garantir l'interopérabilité des systèmes, un ensemble de normes est développé au niveau européen, dans le cadre d'une coopération internationale et avec le concours des industriels intéressés.
Immunization Policies and Vaccine Coverage Among Adults (1988)

A substantial proportion of vaccine-preventable diseases occur among adults. Each year, there are more than 20,000 influenza-associated deaths during epidemics, approximately 40,000 deaths related to pneumococcal disease, and one to five cases of diphtheria. More than 300,000 hepatitis B infections occur annually, mostly in patients 15 to 29 years old. From 1982 to 1986, 96% of patients with tetanus were age 20 and older. Among young adults, 5% to 20% are susceptible to rubella and measles, and outbreaks occur where these persons congregate. Most adults are not immunized, despite recommendations for vaccines against these diseases. Vigorous efforts are needed to implement strategies to reduce disease incidence, morbidity, and death among adults.
Platelet glycoproteins Ia, Ic, and IIa are physicochemically indistinguishable from the very late activation antigens adhesion-related proteins of lymphocytes and other cell types. (1988)

The very late activation antigens (VLA) are a subset of the superfamily of cell surface glycoproteins that serve as receptors from extracellular matrix proteins. One or more of the VLA heterodimers are present on T lymphocytes and most other cell types, including platelets. We have used VLA-specific monoclonal antibodies to isolate the reactive platelet membrane molecules. We have identified them as previously characterized platelet surface glycoproteins and have compared them with VLA molecules isolated from lymphocytes and other cells. Utilizing one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional O'Farrell gel electrophoresis, and nonreduced-reduced two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we show that reduced VLA molecules of platelets are composed of three chains of molecular weights 165,000, 145,000, and 140,000 that possess the physicochemical properties of platelet glycoproteins GPIa, GPIc alpha, and GPIIa. GPIa corresponds to the VLA 165,000 alpha 2-chain, GPIIa corresponds to a 145,000 Mr VLA beta-chain, and GPIc alpha corresponds to a 140,000 Mr VLA alpha-chain. The polypeptide structure of VLA molecules on platelets and lymphocytes are very similar or identical. Platelet proteins GPIa and GPIIa exist as a mixed heterodimer in detergent lysates and correspond with the VLA-2 heterodimer found on activated T lymphocytes and other cell types. The platelet glycoproteins GPIIa and GPIc form a second mixed heterodimer. The mAb A-1A5, which binds to the VLA beta chain, binds to platelet GPIIa and precipitates both the GPIIa-GPIa and GPIIa-GPIc heterodimers, and binds to 4,926 +/- 740 sites per platelet. A VLA-2-specific mAb, 12F1, which binds to the VLA alpha 2-chain reacts with GPIa and immunoprecipitates only the GPIIa-GPIa heterodimer, and binds to 1,842 +/- 449 sites per platelet. The similarity of VLA chains and platelet GPIIa, GPIa, and GPIc molecules suggests that these molecules may have similar functions on various cell types.
Optimization-based Design and Analysis of Planar Rotary Springs (2018)

This paper develops new methods to design high performance rotary series elastic actuator springs for robotics applications. The approach is based on a spring arm mathematical model that was previously introduced by the authors. The key contribution is the development of an optimization-based design method which maximizes the springs' overall torque density through optimization of the arm profile. An improved analysis algorithm allows for rapid torsional loading response simulation with possible internal contacts between the spring arms. The proposed design and analysis algorithms are validated through FEA and prototype mechanical testing.
RECENT PROGRESS IN FACTOR XI/XIA INHIBITOR DISCOVERY (2022)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVChapterNEXTRECENT PROGRESS IN FACTOR XI/XIA INHIBITOR DISCOVERYWu YangWu YangBristol Myers Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.More by Wu Yang, James R. CorteJames R. CorteBristol Myers Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.More by James R. Corte, and Joseph M. LuettgenJoseph M. LuettgenBristol Myers Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.More by Joseph M. LuettgenDOI: 10.1021/mc-2022-vol57.ch05Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2022Publication History Published online21 December 2022Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2022 MEDI, Inc. Published by American Chemical Society.2022 Medicinal Chemistry ReviewsChapter 5pp 117-141Medicinal Chemistry ReviewsVol. 57ISBN13: 9781734427455eISBN: 9781734427455Article Views204Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Intracrystalline alkylation of benzoate ions into layered double hydroxides (2001)

Several layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing metals of different nature intercalated with benzoate anions have been synthesised in order to study the O-alkylation reaction of the interlayered species with alkyl halide in dry media conditions. In all the cases, the expected ester was obtained with good yield (>60%). The presence of anionic benzoate in the structure was prefered to obtain high selectivity and yield, in comparison with the use of sodium benzoate supported as a salt. The use of MW irradiation to promote these reactions has permitted the reaction time to be reduced considerably. The influence of water present in the LDH on the ester formation has also been investigated. Characterisation of the LDH support before and after reaction is also presented, showing the influence of the nature of the cations located in the octahedral sheets. The support can be regenerated, with no effect on the reactivity.
A practical guide for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using glass and silicon (2012)

This paper describes the main protocols that are used for fabricating microfluidic devices from glass and silicon. Methods for micropatterning glass and silicon are surveyed, and their limitations are discussed. Bonding methods that can be used for joining these materials are summarized and key process parameters are indicated. The paper also outlines techniques for forming electrical connections between microfluidic devices and external circuits. A framework is proposed for the synthesis of a complete glass/silicon device fabrication flow.
Designing and operating electrostatically driven microengines (1998)

Microelectromechanical engines that convert the linear outputs from dual orthogonal electrostatic actuators to rotary motion were first developed in 1993. Referred to as microengines, these early devices demonstrated the potential of microelectromechanical technology, but, as expected from any first-of-its-kind device, were not yet optimized. Yield was relatively low, and the 10 micronewtons of force generated by the actuators was not always enough to ensure reliable operation. Since initial development, these engines have undergone a continuous series of significant improvements on three separate fronts: design, fabrication, and electrical activation. Although all three areas will be discussed, emphasis will be on aspects related to mechanical design and generation of the electrical waveforms used to drive these devices. Microtransmissions that dramatically increase torque will also be discussed. Electrostatically driven microengines can be operated at hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute making large gear reduction ratios feasible; overall ratios of 3,000,000:1 have been successfully demonstrated. Today`s microengines have evolved into high endurance (one test device has seen over 7,000,000,000 revolutions), high yield, robust devices that have become the primary actuation source for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) at Sandia National Laboratories.
Increasing hip and knee flexion during a drop-jump task reduces tibiofemoral shear and compressive forces: implications for ACL injury prevention training (2016)

Although most ACL injury prevention programmes encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing, it remains unknown how this technique influences tibiofemoral joint forces. We examined whether a landing strategy utilising greater hip and knee flexion decreases tibiofemoral anterior shear and compression. Twelve healthy women (25.9 ± 3.5 years) performed a drop-jump task before and after a training session (10-15 min) that emphasised greater hip and knee flexion. Peak tibiofemoral anterior shear and compressive forces were calculated using an electromyography (EMG)-driven knee model that incorporated joint kinematics, EMG and participant-specific muscle volumes and patella tendon orientation measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants demonstrated a decrease in peak anterior tibial shear forces (11.1 ± 3.3 vs. 9.6 ± 2.7 N · kg<sup>-1</sup>; P = 0.008) and peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (68.4 ± 7.6 vs. 62.0 ± 5.5 N · kg<sup>-1</sup>; P = 0.015) post-training. The decreased peak anterior tibial shear was accompanied by a decrease in the quadriceps anterior shear force, while the decreased peak compressive force was accompanied by decreased ground reaction force and hamstring forces. Our data provide justification for injury prevention programmes that encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing to reduce tibiofemoral joint loading.