gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Classification to Identify the Stage of Brain-Computer Interface Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation Using Functional Connectivity (2018)

Interventional therapy using brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has shown promise in facilitating motor recovery in stroke survivors; however, the impact of this form of intervention on functional networks outside of the motor network specifically is not well-understood. Here, we investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in stroke participants undergoing BCI therapy across stages, namely pre- and post-intervention, to identify discriminative functional changes using a machine learning classifier with the goal of categorizing participants into one of the two therapy stages. Twenty chronic stroke participants with persistent upper-extremity motor impairment received neuromodulatory training using a closed-loop neurofeedback BCI device, and rs-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans were collected at four time points: pre-, mid-, post-, and 1 month post-therapy. To evaluate the peak effects of this intervention, rs-FC was analyzed from two specific stages, namely pre- and post-therapy. In total, 236 seeds spanning both motor and non-motor regions of the brain were computed at each stage. A univariate feature selection was applied to reduce the number of features followed by a principal component-based data transformation used by a linear binary support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify each participant into a therapy stage. The SVM classifier achieved a cross-validation accuracy of 92.5% using a leave-one-out method. Outside of the motor network, seeds from the fronto-parietal task control, default mode, subcortical, and visual networks emerged as important contributors to the classification. Furthermore, a higher number of functional changes were observed to be strengthening from the pre- to post-therapy stage than the ones weakening, both of which involved motor and non-motor regions of the brain. These findings may provide new evidence to support the potential clinical utility of BCI therapy as a form of stroke rehabilitation that not only benefits motor recovery but also facilitates recovery in other brain networks. Moreover, delineation of stronger and weaker changes may inform more optimal designs of BCI interventional therapy so as to facilitate strengthened and suppress weakened changes in the recovery process.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Gold Catalysts for Efficient Access to Functionalized Lactones. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation of NH Imines and Alkynes by CH/NH Activation (2014)

Described herein is a manganese-catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of NH imines and alkynes, a reaction providing highly atom-economical access to diverse isoquinolines. This transformation represents the first example of manganese-catalyzed CH activation of imines; the stoichiometric variant of the cyclomanganation was reported in 1971. The redox neutral reaction produces H2 as the major byproduct and eliminates the need for any oxidants, external ligands, or additives, thus standing out from known isoquinoline synthesis by transition-metal-catalyzed CH activation. Mechanistic studies revealed the five-membered manganacycle and manganese hydride species as key reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
정신질환자 치료시 가족의 스트레스 요인과 대처방법에 관한 연구 (1992)

This study designed to identify the stressors and coping methods of patient`s family during the psychiatric treatment. 123 psychiatric patient`s family were selected from family who have th patients in psychiatric word, and out-patient department of psychiatry at 8 university hospital in Seoul. Stressor was measured by Stressor Measurement Scale which developed through the unstructured open questionaires and reliability tested by researcher (Cronbach`s α=.96) Coping methods werer measured by Jalowiec`s Scale. Data were collected from Feb. 19 to Mar. 10. 1992. The data were analyzed by frequency (percentile score), t-test, F-test, perason correlation coefficient, and varimax rotation. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. The stressors and degree of stress o patient`s family during the psychiatric treatment were as follows ; (1) The stressors of the family were classified into 7 factors according to Factor Analysis : occurance of symptoms and relapse, shame of family and future of patient, financial problem and responsibility of family, side effects of medicine and knowledge deficit of disease, isolation of patient and threatening of safety, therapist`s attitude, and separation from family. (2) The degree of stress of patient`s family had the range from 1.44 to 3.56, and total mean was perceived by 2.31. (3) The degree of stress of patient`s family according to the general characteristics of the subject itself and the patient has the significant difference when it comes to the relation with the patient, hospitalized experience, and diagnosis of the parient(P＜.05). Also, the degree of the family`s stress that is related to stress factors according to the general characteristics of the subject itself had significant difference partially with each factor: age, education, domestic economic status, relation with patient, duration of illness, hospitalized experience of patient, and patient`s diagnosis. 2. The coping method that the patient`s family used during the psychiatric treatment selected more problem-oriented coping method than affective-oriented coping method. 3. The degree of stress that the patient`s family experienced during psychiatric treatment had significant correlation with affective-oriented coping method. In other words, he has the higher degree of stress, the more affective-oriented coping method was used.
Physiological Response to Membrane Protein Overexpression in E. coli (2011)

Overexpression represents a principal bottleneck in structural and functional studies of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). Although E. coli remains the leading organism for convenient and economical protein overexpression, many IMPs exhibit toxicity on induction in this host and give low yields of properly folded protein. Different mechanisms related to membrane biogenesis and IMP folding have been proposed to contribute to these problems, but there is limited understanding of the physical and physiological constraints on IMP overexpression and folding in vivo. Therefore, we used a variety of genetic, genomic, and microscopy techniques to characterize the physiological responses of Escherichia coli MG1655 cells to overexpression of a set of soluble proteins and IMPs, including constructs exhibiting different levels of toxicity and producing different levels of properly folded versus misfolded product on induction. Genetic marker studies coupled with transcriptomic results indicate only minor perturbations in many of the physiological systems implicated in previous studies of IMP biogenesis. Overexpression of either IMPs or soluble proteins tends to block execution of the standard stationary-phase transcriptional program, although these effects are consistently stronger for the IMPs included in our study. However, these perturbations are not an impediment to successful protein overexpression. We present evidence that, at least for the target proteins included in our study, there is no inherent obstacle to IMP overexpression in E. coli at moderate levels suitable for structural studies and that the biochemical and conformational properties of the proteins themselves are the major obstacles to success. Toxicity associated with target protein activity produces selective pressure leading to preferential growth of cells harboring expression-reducing and inactivating mutations, which can produce chemical heterogeneity in the target protein population, potentially contributing to the difficulties encountered in IMP crystallization.
Induction Motor Vibrations (2010)

Good motor performance depends on the electrical and mechanical design, as well as on motor operating conditions. Sound mechanical design reduces the vibration levels and extends the life of the machine. Over the years, the demand continues to grow for motors with greater reliability. When done properly, a high degree of reliability can be achieved while keeping economics in mind. This article discusses induction motor vibration, how the American Petroleum Institute (API) 541 views it, and what it means to the customer and manufacturer. It also discusses the evolution of the standards commonly used today and how the various requirements attack different vibration concerns. Any reference to API vibration in this article refers to API 541 fourth edition, unless otherwise stated.
Induction of ocular inflammation by T-helper lymphocytes type 2. (2002)

Th2 cells are capable of inducing ocular inflammation, but only in immunodeficient mice, and are profoundly inferior to Th1 cells in their immunopathogenic capacity.
Biopolymers as drug carriers and bioactive macromolecules (1998)

Full Paper: Biodegradable polymers, polymer-drug conjugates and bioactive polyelectrolytes are playing an increasingly important role in modern drug targeting and drug design. A wide range of polymeric structures can be utilized for pharmaceutical purposes. This article reviews different applications as well as synthetic aspects.
A compact monitoring circuit for real-time on-chip diagnosis of hot-carrier induced degradation (2002)

A very simple test/monitor circuit is presented which emulates the hot-carrier induced degradation of those critical circuits which are most susceptible to hot-carrier induced aging in a large system on chip. Delay-time degradation, as opposed to current degradation, is devised as a more realistic measure for monitoring long-term circuit reliability, and a simple method is presented for measuring this degradation. The hot-carrier aging monitor is capable of issuing a warning signal (flag) when the amount of hot-carrier induced transient performance degradation in critical circuits on the chip exceeds a pre-determined limit value. The monitor circuitry occupies a very small silicon area; and it can be added to any large-scale design with a minimum of extra cost, at the end of the design cycle.
Fiber optic systems for colorimetry and scattered colorimetry (2005)

An innovative series of optical fiber sensors based on spectroscopic interrogation is presented. The sensors are custom-designed for a wide range of applications, including gasoline colorimetry, chromium monitoring of sewage, museum lighting control, for use with a platform for interrogating an array of absorption-based chemical sensors, as well as for color and turbidity measurements. Two types of custom-design instrumentation have been developed, both making use of LED light sources and a low-cost optical fiber spectrometer to perform broadband spectral measurements in the visible spectral range. The first was designed especially to address color-based sensors, while the second assessed the combined color and turbidity of edible liquids such as olive oil. Both are potentially exploitable in other industrial and environmental applications.
Modeling curved folding with freeform deformations (2019)

We present a computational framework for interactive design and exploration of curved folded surfaces. In current practice, such surfaces are typically created manually using physical paper, and hence our objective is to lay the foundations for the digitalization of curved folded surface design. Our main contribution is a discrete binary characterization for folds between discrete developable surfaces, accompanied by an algorithm to simultaneously fold creases and smoothly bend planar sheets. We complement our algorithm with essential building blocks for curved folding deformations: objectives to control dihedral angles and mountain-valley assignments. We apply our machinery to build the first interactive freeform editing tool capable of modeling bending and folding of complicated crease patterns.
Erythropoietin promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of postoperative ileus (2020)

This is the first pre-clinical study to document novel beneficial effects of EPO in gut dysmotility and our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of EPO in POI is predominantly mediated by its anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory properties.
Characterization of hematopoietic progenitor mobilization in protease-deficient mice (2004)

Recent evidence suggests that protease release by neutrophils in the bone marrow may contribute to hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), neutrophil elastase (NE), and cathepsin G (CG) accumulate in the bone marrow during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, where they are thought to degrade key substrates including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and CXCL12. To test this hypothesis, HPC mobilization was characterized in transgenic mice deficient in one or more hematopoietic proteases. Surprisingly, HPC mobilization by G-CSF was normal in MMP-9-deficient mice, NE x CG-deficient mice, or mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase I, an enzyme required for the functional activation of many hematopoietic serine proteases. Moreover, combined inhibition of neutrophil serine proteases and metalloproteinases had no significant effect on HPC mobilization. VCAM-1 expression on bone marrow stromal cells decreased during G-CSF treatment of wild-type mice but not NE x CG-deficient mice, indicating that VCAM-1 cleavage is not required for efficient HPC mobilization. G-CSF induced a significant decrease in CXCL12 alpha protein expression in the bone marrow of Ne x CG-deficient mice, indicating that these proteases are not required to down-regulate CXCL12 expression. Collectively, these data suggest a complex model in which both protease-dependent and -independent pathways may contribute to HPC mobilization.
Super-High Speed Photo detection through Frequency Conversion for Microwave on Optical Network (2008)

It is shown that even if the modulating frequency of the light is too high for direct detection the signal can be extracted by frequency conversion at the same time as the detection by means of the nonlinearity of the APD. When this frequency conversion detection is applied to an optical receiver, the detection bandwidth can be increased while the configuration of the optical detection circuit and the signal processing in the subsequent stages are simplified. A fundamental analysis is carried out with an APD which is confirmed experimentally.
Simultaneous approximation for bireciprocal lattice wave digital filters (1989)

Proposes a design method for linear phase bireciprocal lattice wave digital filters (WDFs) by applying simultaneous attenuation and group-delay (or phase) approximation. The group-delay (or phase) is considered in the whole frequency domain so the method is of interest to design filters in filterbank applications, e.g. subband coding. An illustrative example demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method. >
Successful treatment of dihydropteridine reductase deficiency, with an interesting effect of 5‐hydroxytryptophan deficiency on sleep patterns (1990)

We report a child in whom dihydropteridine reductase deficiency was diagnosed prenatally because of an affected sibling and who was treated from birth with apparent good response. This family has been reported before (Firgaira et al., 1980, 1981, 1983; Lipson et al., 1984; Cotton et al., 1986; Dahl et al., 1988). The parents are Lebanese Muslims who are first cousins, and their first and third children, both male, are well. The third child was diagnosed as normal in utero (Firgaira et al., 1983). The second child, the subject of an early report (Lipson et al., 1984), has dihydropteridine reductase deficiency. The dihydropteridine reductase is nonfunctional due to an amino acid insertion (Howells et al., 1990).
Quantum Chaos in Billiards (2007)

An important class of systems—billiards—can show a wide variety of dynamical behavior. Using tools developed in Python, researchers can interactively study the complexity of these dynamics. Such behavior is directly reflected in properties of the corresponding quantum systems, such as eigenvalue statistics or the structure of eigenfunctions.
Development of Advanced Austenitic Stainless Steel for Fast Reactor Core Material. (1994)

Advanced austenitic stainless steel beyond the standard composition region of SUS316 stainless steel PNC1520 has been successfully developed. Optimization of the steel leads to a composition of 15Cr-20Ni-0.06C-2.5Mo-1.7Mn-0.25Ti-0.1Nb-0.028P-0.004B through the alloying design and fabrication tests. An extensive series of evaluation tests including out-of-pile, sodium environment, neutron irradiation and fission product corrosion has confirmed that PNC1520 is superior in high temperature strength and irradiation resistance to PNC316 as a core material for the prototype reactor MONJU. PNC1520 is the best candidate material for the Demonstration reactor and will be tested on the whole core scale in JOYO MK-III to obtain the proven data.
Identifying Redundancy and Exposing Provenance in Crowdsourced Data Analysis (2013)

We present a system that lets analysts use paid crowd workers to explore data sets and helps analysts interactively examine and build upon workers' insights. We take advantage of the fact that, for many types of data, independent crowd workers can readily perform basic analysis tasks like examining views and generating explanations for trends and patterns. However, workers operating in parallel can often generate redundant explanations. Moreover, because workers have different competencies and domain knowledge, some responses are likely to be more plausible than others. To efficiently utilize the crowd's work, analysts must be able to quickly identify and consolidate redundant responses and determine which explanations are the most plausible. In this paper, we demonstrate several crowd-assisted techniques to help analysts make better use of crowdsourced explanations: (1) We explore crowd-assisted strategies that utilize multiple workers to detect redundant explanations. We introduce color clustering with representative selection--a strategy in which multiple workers cluster explanations and we automatically select the most-representative result--and show that it generates clusterings that are as good as those produced by experts. (2) We capture explanation provenance by introducing highlighting tasks and capturing workers' browsing behavior via an embedded web browser, and refine that provenance information via source-review tasks. We expose this information in an explanation-management interface that allows analysts to interactively filter and sort responses, select the most plausible explanations, and decide which to explore further.
Integration of Distinct Intracellular Signaling Pathways at Distal Regulatory Elements Directs T-bet Expression in Human CD4+ T Cells (2009)

T-bet is a key regulator controlling Th1 cell development. This factor is not expressed in naive CD4(+) T cells, and the mechanisms controlling expression of T-bet are incompletely understood. In this study, we defined regulatory elements at the human T-bet locus and determined how signals originating at the TCR and at cytokine receptors are integrated to induce chromatin modifications and expression of this gene during human Th1 cell differentiation. We found that T cell activation induced two strong DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HS) and rapid histone acetylation at these elements in CD4(+) T cells. Histone acetylation and T-bet expression were strongly inhibited by cyclosporine A, and we detected binding of NF-AT to a HS in vivo. IL-12 and IFN-gamma signaling alone were not sufficient to induce T-bet expression in naive CD4(+) T cells, but enhanced T-bet expression in TCR/CD28-stimulated cells. We detected a third HS 12 kb upstream of the mRNA start site only in developing Th1 cells, which was bound by IL-12-induced STAT4. Our data suggest that T-bet locus remodeling and gene expression are initiated by TCR-induced NF-AT recruitment and amplified by IL-12-mediated STAT4 binding to distinct distal regulatory elements during human Th1 cell differentiation.
Optimization of an iodine-based nanoparticle contrast agent for molecular CT imaging (2018)

Recent advances in CT hardware have renewed interest in the development of contrast agents for molecular CT imaging. Nanoparticle platforms are attractive for CT imaging agent development due to their ability to carry a high payload of imaging moieties, thereby facilitating signal amplification at target site, and ease of surface modification to enable selective <i>in vivo</i> targeting against cells/molecules of interest. In this work, we performed investigations for optimizing an iodine-based liposomal nanoparticle platform for molecular CT imaging applications. Since signal intensity is directly proportional to the imaging moiety concentration, optimization studies were performed to rationally design an iodinated nanoparticle construct with maximal iodine carrying capacity. The effect of particle size, liposomal bilayer composition, iodine moiety and starting iodine concentration were systematically investigated. The <i>in vitro</i> stability of the optimal formulation was evaluated using plasma assay and the in vivo stability was tested by performing longitudinal micro-CT imaging in live animals. Simulations were performed to study the effects of iodine per nanoparticle and iodine contrast sensitivity on detectability of nanoparticles per image voxel. <i>In vitro</i> optimization studies demonstrated that particle size, type of iodine moiety and starting iodine concentration strongly influenced the iodine loading per nanoparticle. A nanoparticle composition was identified that demonstrated highest iodine loading capacity (&sim; 8 million iodine atoms per particle). Micro-CT imaging demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> stability of the high-iodine containing nanoparticle construct. Simulation studies demonstrated a non-linear effect of iodine contrast sensitivity and image voxel size on the limit of nanoparticle detectability.
<title>Speech recognition for acoustic-assisted video coding and animation</title> (1995)

In this paper, we discuss issues related to analysis and synthesis of facial images using speech information. An approach to speaker independent acoustic-assisted image coding and animation is studied. A perceptually based sliding window encoder is proposed. It utilizes the high rate (or oversampled) acoustic viseme sequence from the audio domain for image domain viseme interpolation and smoothing. The image domain visemes in our approach are dynamically constructed from a set of basic visemes. The look-ahead and look-back moving interpolations in the proposed approach provide an effective way to compensate the mismatch between auditory and visual perceptions.