gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Amino-terminal Region of the Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Contacts Both Subunits of Human Choriogonadotropin (1998)

The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor is a seven-transmembrane receptor. Unlike most seven-transmembrane receptors, it is composed of two halves of equal size, the N-terminal extracellular exodomain and the C-terminal membrane-associated endodomain. The exodomain is exclusively responsible for high affinity hormone binding, whereas receptor activation occurs only in the endodomain. This mutually exclusive physical separation of the two functional domains sets the lutropin receptor and its subfamily of receptors apart from all other seven-transmembrane receptors. The mechanisms of hormone binding and receptor activation also appear to be different from those of other receptors in that binding occurs in at least two steps. However, the precise hormone contact sites in the exodomain are unknown. To determine the hormone/receptor contact sites, we have examined the receptor using progressive truncation from the C terminus, Ala scanning, immunofluorescence microscopy, and antibody binding. Progressive truncation from the C terminus of the receptor indicates several discrete regions that impact hormone binding. These regions are around the boundaries of exons 1-2, 4-5, 6-7, and 9-10. Ala scanning of the Asp17-Arg26 region near the exon 1-2 junction uncovered three alternating residues (Leu20, Cys22, and Gly24) crucial for hormone binding. Ala substitution for any one of these residues abolished hormone binding, although the resulting mutant receptors were successfully expressed on the cell surface. In contrast, Ala substitution for their flanking and intervening residues did not impair hormone binding. These results and the data in the accompanying article (Phang, T., Kundu, G., Hong, S., Ji, I., and Ji, T. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 13841-13847) indicate that this region directly contacts the hormone and suggest a novel mode of embracing the hormone.
Ubiquitin Fold Modifier 1 (UFM1) and Its Target UFBP1 Protect Pancreatic Beta Cells from ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis (2011)

UFM1 is a member of the ubiquitin like protein family. While the enzymatic cascade of UFM1 conjugation has been elucidated in recent years, the biological function remains largely unknown. In this report we demonstrate that the recently identified C20orf116, which we name UFM1-binding protein 1 containing a PCI domain (UFBP1), and CDK5RAP3 interact with UFM1. Components of the UFM1 conjugation pathway (UFM1, UFBP1, UFL1 and CDK5RAP3) are highly expressed in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and some other secretory tissues. Co-localization of UFM1 with UFBP1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on UFBP1. We demonstrate that ER stress, which is common in secretory cells, induces expression of Ufm1, Ufbp1 and Ufl1 in the beta-cell line INS-1E. siRNA-mediated Ufm1 or Ufbp1 knockdown enhances apoptosis upon ER stress. Silencing the E3 enzyme UFL1, results in similar outcomes, suggesting that UFM1-UFBP1 conjugation is required to prevent ER stress-induced apoptosis. Together, our data suggest that UFM1-UFBP1 participate in preventing ER stress-induced apoptosis in protein secretory cells.
Synthese von Heterocyclen durch Tandem‐reaktionen: Beckmann‐Umlagerungen/Allylsilan‐Cyclisierungen (1991)

Das Reaktionsverhalten funktionalisierter Oxime wie 1 wird entscheidend von der Stellung der N ‐Hydroxygruppe geprägt. So reagiert das ( Z )‐Isomer in Gegenwart von Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid zum Azepan 2 und das ( E )‐Isomer zum Perhydrochinolin 3 . Offensichtlich findet bei der Entstehung von 2 unter Ringerweiterung zunächst eine Beckmann‐Umlagerung statt, während im Falle von 3 das Oxim‐N‐Atom direkt in den sich bildenden Ring eingelagert wird. magnified image
Preparation and liquid-crystalline properties of (acetyl)(ethyl)cellulose (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and liquid-crystalline properties of (acetyl)(ethyl)celluloseJian Xin Guo and Derek G. GrayCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 5, 2082–2086Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00195a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00195a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The First Total Synthesis of Acutifolone A, a Pinguisane‐Type Sesquiterpenoid Isolated from the Japanese Liverwort Porella acutifolia subsp. tosana. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid Film-Based Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains by Using a Luciferase Reporter Phage and the Bronx Box (1999)

Detecting antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is becoming increasingly important with the global recognition of drug-resistant strains and their adverse impact on clinical outcomes. Current methods of susceptibility testing are either time-consuming or costly; rapid, reliable, simple, and inexpensive methods would be highly desirable, especially in the developing world where most tuberculosis is found. The luciferase reporter phage is a unique reagent well-suited for this purpose: upon infection with viable mycobacteria, it produces quantifiable light which is not observed in mycobacterial cells treated with active antimicrobials. In this report, we describe a modification of our original assay, which allows detection of the emitted light with a Polaroid film box designated the Bronx Box. The technique has been applied to 25 M. tuberculosis reference and clinical strains, and criteria are presented which allow rapid and simple discrimination among strains susceptible or resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the major antituberculosis agents.
Primitive Study on Model-Based Process Identification by Utilizing Force Estimation Techniques (2016)

This study presents a new method to identify parameters representing cutting process and transfer function of flexible mechanical structures mounted on a traveling stage by utilizing only internal information of computerized numerical control (CNC) system. Disturbance force input to CNC is estimated by disturbance observer and cutting force is estimated based on cutting force model. Analyzing influence of the estimated cutting force on the disturbance force, parameters used in the assumed models of cutting process and structural dynamics are identified in quasi-real-time. Least square method (LSM) is utilized for the parameter identification. Face turning experiment using an ultra-precision machine tool was conducted to verify feasibility of the proposed method. Experimental results clarified that the cutting force coefficient and the modal parameters representing the dynamic characteristics of the force transfer function can be identified accurately by the proposed method.
Study on the Evaluation Method of Adhesive Properties for Shoe Materials (2016)

In order to establish the appropriate evaluation method of adhesive properties for shoe sole materials such as rubber and foamed resin, relationship between stress components of the adhesive interface and adhesive strength was precisely investigated. Two types of specimens, T-shaped (TS) and single lap (SL), were tested for considering the difference of stress components. Adhesive strength of SL was much higher than that of TS. It was indicated that adhesive interface has excellent resistance to shear stress direction as contrasted with tensile stress direction. From the results of numerical analyses, by SL specimen, it was found that stress components depended on the deformation of adherend. Contribution of shear stress was proportional to the stiffness of adherend. Judging from the above, it was confirmed that the evaluation of adhesive properties for shoe sole materials should be performed by applying of tensile stress at adhesive interface.
Impact of photon recycling on the light extraction from metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes (2022)

Abstract The impact of photon recycling on the efficiency of light extraction from metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes is quantified using a novel modelling framework based on a detailed-balance compatible Green dyad approach. Analysis of photon modes contributing to internal emission and iterative evaluation of re-absorption and re-emission processes is performed for single perovskite layers in absence and presence of a metallic reflector and under consideration of associated parasitic absorption losses. Finally, the approach is employed to characterize the emission characteristics of a realistic multilayer device stack in dependence of the emitter thickness.
Exploring chemical space with computers: challenges and opportunities (2006)

Summary form only given. Small molecules with at most a few dozen atoms play a fundamental role in organic chemistry and biology. They can be used as combinatorial building blocks for chemical synthesis, as molecular probes for perturbing and analyzing biological systems, and for the screening/design/discovery of new drugs. As datasets of small molecules become increasingly available, it becomes important to develop computational methods for the classification and analysis of small molecules and in particular for the prediction of their physical, chemical, and biological properties. We describe datasets and machine learning methods, in particular kernel methods, for chemical molecules represented by 1D strings, 2D graphs of bonds, and 3D structures. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results for the prediction of physical, chemical, or biological properties including the prediction of toxicity and anti-cancer activity. More broadly, we will discuss some of the challenges and opportunities for computer science, AI, and machine learning in chemistry.
Single polarisation fibre DFB laser (1997)

A method for manufacturing single polarisation fibre DFB lasers is proposed. The method is based on UV post-processing, exploiting the UV induced birefringence to shift the resonant dips of two polarisations to different positions in their respective reflection spectra. The method is successfully demonstrated on an Er3+ fibre DFB laser.
Double-stranded gap repair of DNA by gene conversion in Escherichia coli. (1988)

We demonstrated repair of a double-stranded DNA gap through gene conversion by a homologous DNA sequence in Escherichia coli. We made a double-stranded gap in one of the two regions of homology in an inverted orientation on a plasmid DNA molecule and introduced it into an E. coli strain which has the RecE system of recombination (genotype; sbcA23 recB21 recC22). We detected repair products by genetic selection. The repair products were those expected by the double-strand-gap repair model. Gene conversion was frequently accompanied by crossing over of the flanking sequences as in eukaryotes. This double-strand gap repair mechanism can explain plasmid recombination in the absence of an artificial double-stranded break reported in a companion study by Yamamoto et al.
Pressure Drop in Generating Free-Surface Liquid Microjet Array From Short Cylindrical Orifices (2011)

Liquid microjet arrays have received a lot of research attention in recent years due to its high heat flux cooling capability. The microjets are generated from a jet head cavity with a liquid inlet port on one wall and an array of micro-orifices on another wall. An important, yet relatively less studied aspect of the topic is the pressure (also frequently referred to as the pressure drop) necessary to generate the jets and maintain certain jet velocity. In this study we investigate the pressure drop for17 different array patterns of liquid jet issuing in a surrounding gas (air) medium, i.e., a free surface liquid jet. The number of jets varies from 1 to 126, while the jet diameter ranges from 99 to 208 μm. The current results show more than 200% deviation from the existing correlations in the literature. Through a systematic experimental study we identify the functional dependence of pressure drop on the various geometric parameters. The results uncover the reasons behind the widespread disagreement between the current data and the existing correlations. Pressure drop shows a weak, nonlinear dependence on the orifice wall thickness, compared to the linear dependence used in the existing correlations. Furthermore, the depth of the jet head cavity is shown to be an important parameter dictating pressure drop, unlike the previous studies that inherently assume the cavity to be an infinite reservoir. A new dimensionless pressure drop parameter is proposed and its variation with the jet Reynolds number is correlated. The new correlation predicts all the experimental data within a ± 10% range.
Identification of a gene signature that can predict lone-term survival in patients with high-grade late stage serous ovarian cancer (2005)

5032 Background: Though most patients with late stage serous ovarian cancer die within 2 years of diagnosis, a subset of patients, even with clinically and morphologically indistinguishable diseases, develop a more chronic form of ovarian cancer, and may survive 5 years or more with treatment. We hypothesize that these cancers may have a prognostic signature that can be used to predict the clinical course of the disease. Methods: To discover the prognostic signature, expression profiling was performed on 53 microdissected high-grade late stage serous tumors using the Affymetrix U133 plus2 oligo array platform. We applied a “semi-supervised” dimension reduction method, and (1) identified the genes associated with cancer survival and (2) established a predictive model. In brief, univariate Cox regression with Jackknife safeguard were conducted and pinpointed the 200 most significant genes. The first 6 principal components of these genes, representing >90% of total variance, entered a multivariate Cox model, based on which the relative hazard of future patients can be predicted. To confirm our finding, the microarray data underwent leave-one-out validation. In each iteration, we reserved one sample, and used the remaining 52 patients to carry out the gene selection and model building, which furthermore predicted the relative hazard of the reserved patient. To further validate the gene signature, quantitative PCR was performed on the 10 most significant genes in 44 patients. Results: According to the prediction, the patients were equally divided into low- and high- risk groups and the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier plot and log rank test showed the two groups were significantly different in survival (p = 0.0089). Quantitative PCR validation demonstrated the accuracy and robustness of the prognostic gene signature and the prediction model. Conclusions: These genes contribute to the differential survival of ovarian cancer patients, and may serve as unique targets for the management of the disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Fidelity and Processivity of DNA Synthesis by DNA Polymerase κ, the Product of the Human DINB1 Gene (2000)

Mammalian DNA polymerase kappa (pol kappa), a member of the UmuC/DinB nucleotidyl transferase superfamily, has been implicated in spontaneous mutagenesis. Here we show that human pol kappa copies undamaged DNA with average single-base substitution and deletion error rates of 7 x 10(-3) and 2 x 10(-3), respectively. These error rates are high when compared to those of most other DNA polymerases. pol kappa also has unusual error specificity, producing a high proportion of T.CMP mispairs and deleting and adding non-reiterated nucleotides at extraordinary rates. Unlike other members of the UmuC/DinB family, pol kappa can processively synthesize chains of 25 or more nucleotides. This moderate processivity may reflect a contribution of C-terminal residues, which include two zinc clusters. The very low fidelity and moderate processivity of pol kappa is novel in comparison to any previously studied DNA polymerase, and is consistent with a role in spontaneous mutagenesis.
Bubble PIV technique to measure the velocity field of a free-swimming California sea lion (2021)

Fish et al. (2014) adapted laboratory PIV for safe use on larger animals. As opposed to seeding the entire flow with reflective particles and illuminating a plane of the flow with a laser, they produced a sheet of small bubbles and used sunlight for global illumination. Underwater cameras imaged the flow in a method similar to traditional PIV. This technique was used to measure the flow around a swimming dolphin and estimate the thrust produced during a tail stand maneuver (Fish et al. (2014, 2018)). In the current work, we will extend the modification of PIV of Fish et al. to measure the flow produced by a swimming sea lion also using bubbles as seeding particles and sunlight as illumination. This is the first time that the flowfield of a swimming sea lion has been directly measured. We will present an extensive extension to the image processing required to measure flow under field conditions. Finally, we will present the flow generated by propulsive strokes of an adult female (Cali) sea lion freely swimming through a pool of stationary water.
Noncooperative Eigencoding for MIMO Ad hoc Networks (2008)

A new noncooperative eigencoding algorithm is introduced for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ad hoc networks. The algorithm performs generalized waterfilling with respect to its transmit covariance matrix and the receive node covariance matrix, both of which can be estimated locally. A cooperative algorithm is also developed as a benchmark in simulations. Simulation results show that the noncooperative algorithm performance is close to that of the cooperative method and is much better than greedy optimization. A game theoretic interpretation of the algorithm is also provided.
Scoring and prediction of early retirement using machine learning techniques:: application to private pensions plans (2019)

espanolLas tecnicas de inteligencia artificial se han vuelto muy populares en las organizaciones publicas y privadas debido a que permiten un proceso de toma de decisiones mas preciso. Las companias de seguros privadas se han aventurado en este campo mediante la implementacion de algoritmos que permiten una mejor comprension de los datos disponibles. El conocimiento de las decisiones de jubilacion permite a las companias de seguros detectar el retiro temprano en un momento dado para tener una provision presupuestaria adecuada. En este documento, los algoritmos de aprendizaje automatico y datos de planes de pensiones privados se utilizan para predecir si una persona se jubila antes o despues de los 65 anos en funcion de caracteristicas individuales y factores macroeconomicos. EnglishArtificial intelligence techniques have become very popular in public and private organizations since they allow a more accurate decisionmaking process. Private insurance companies have ventured into this field by implementing algorithms that allow a better understanding of available data. The knowledge of retirement decisions allows the insurance companies to detect early retirement at a given time so that they have the adequate budgetary provision in place. In this paper, machine learning algorithms and data from private pension plans are used to predict whether a person retires before or after 65 years old in function of both individual characteristics and macroeconomic factors.
Dual and opposing roles of the unfolded protein response regulated by IRE1α and XBP1 in proinsulin processing and insulin secretion (2011)

As a key regulator of the unfolded protein response, the transcription factor XBP1 activates genes in protein secretory pathways and is required for the development of certain secretory cells. To elucidate the function of XBP1 in pancreatic β-cells, we generated β-cell-specific XBP1 mutant mice. Xbp1(f/f);RIP-cre mice displayed modest hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance resulting from decreased insulin secretion from β-cells. Ablation of XBP1 markedly decreased the number of insulin granules in β-cells, impaired proinsulin processing, increased the serum proinsulin:insulin ratio, blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and inhibited cell proliferation. Notably, XBP1 deficiency not only compromised the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in β-cells but also caused constitutive hyperactivation of its upstream activator, IRE1α, which could degrade a subset of mRNAs encoding proinsulin-processing enzymes. Hence, the combined effects of XBP1 deficiency on the canonical unfolded protein response and its negative feedback activation of IRE1α caused β-cell dysfunction in XBP1 mutant mice. These results demonstrate that IRE1α has dual and opposing roles in β-cells, and that a precisely regulated feedback circuit involving IRE1α and its product XBP1s is required to achieve optimal insulin secretion and glucose control.
Effect of processing temperature on interfacial layer formation in SiC fiber-reinforced glass-ceramic composites (1992)

The high fracture toughness and non-catastrophic fracture behavior of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites are due to the weak interfacial shear strength between fiber and matrix, permitting fiber-matrix sliding during failure. In SiC fiber-reinforced glass or glass-ceramic composites, such low interfacial shear strength is obtained by the presence of a carbon-rich interfacial layer. This provides a path for crack propagation, fiber pull-out, and fiber delamination during fracture. Hence, these composites have demonstrated very high fracture toughness (critical stress intensity factor of ∼ 17 MPam 1/2 ) and high fracture strength (3 to 4 times larger than that of monolithic glass or glass-ceramics). The carbon-rich interfacial layer in these glass or glass-ceramic composites is formed by oxidation of the SiC fiber by the oxide matrix during hot pressing. Its thickness is governed by hot pressing time, temperature, and pressure. In our results on Nicalon SiC fiber-reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic composites, hot pressing temperature governed not only the thickness of the interfacial layer, but also the phases residing within it. In this paper, the effect of hot pressing temperature on the phases formed in the interfacial area is described.