gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Follicular lymphoma grade 3B includes 3 cytogenetically defined subgroups with primary t(14;18), 3q27, or other translocations: t(14;18) and 3q27 are mutually exclusive (2003)

Chromosomal translocations involving t(14;18)(q32;q21) and the chromosome 3q27 region are common in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center cell origin. Grade 3B follicular lymphoma (FL), consisting almost exclusively of centroblasts, is a distinct subgroup of follicular lymphomas that has more in common clinically with the aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas than with their indolent FL grade 1 and 2 counterparts. We studied the cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations by classic cytogenetics, polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, with special emphasis on t(14;18), affecting bcl-2, and 3q27 rearrangement, affecting bcl-6, in 32 cases of FL grade 3B. Three distinctive subgroups were identified based upon the existence of breakpoint 3q27, a translocation t(14;18), or the absence of both. Group I involved a t(14;18) and no 3q27 aberrations (n = 13); group II was without a t(14;18) and without 3q27 aberrations (n = 9), but had other cytogenetic aberrations; and group III was without a t(14;18) but with aberrations involving 3q27 (n = 10). None of the FL grade 3B cases harbored both a t(14;18) and 3q27 aberration. These results, in particular the finding of a mutual exclusiveness of bcl-2 and bcl-6 rearrangement, indicate at least 3 different pathways of oncogenesis in FL grade 3B. FL grade 3B with bcl-2 rearrangement probably is part of the same entity as the other follicular lymphomas (1, 2, 3A), whereas the cases with 3q27 abnormalities or other unrelated translocations are more closely related to the majority of diffuse large-cell lymphomas of germinal center cell origin.
Coherent control of surface plasmon polariton mediated optical transmission (2008)

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EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage: Approach to a challenging procedure (2018)

Endoscopic removal of pancreatic stones is challenging because pancreatic stones tend to be spiculated and hard and are impacted behind strictures in most cases.[1] Success rate of stone retrieval by standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is only about 50%. Adding shockwave corporeal lithotripsy or ESWL increases the success rate to 60%–70%, but this is not always available. Unlike in the bile duct where percutaneous salvage is readily available, no alternative sort of surgery exists for pancreatic drainage. Therefore, endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PDD) has been gaining popularity because of reasonably high technical success rate and a favorable safety profile in expert hands. The current indications of EUS-PDD include chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct obstruction such as due to strictures or stones, disconnected pancreatic duct, and inaccessible major and minor papilla by ERCP such as in surgical postanatomical alteration, malignant pancreatic duct obstruction, and postsurgical pancreaticoenterostomy stricture.[2] EUS-PDD can be performed into two ways: EUS-guided rendezvous of the pancreatic duct or EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy or anterograde stenting.[3] We have thus far performed four cases of EUS-PDD in our center, all with good clinical outcome. Two of which were for obstructing pancreatic duct stones with recurrent pancreatitis post-Whipple's and one for obstructed pancreatic duct due to pancreatic head cancer who failed ERCP. The fourth patient is presented in this video, which shows the case of a 75-year-old male who presented with chronic pancreatitis with obstructing calculi in the head and dilated pancreatic duct in the neck, body, and tail. ERCP for stone removal was unsuccessful, and ESWL was not available. Due to his comorbidities, the patient was deemed as a poor surgical candidate. Hence, EUS-PDD was performed successfully [Figure 1]. This video demonstrates EUS-PDD, which has been shown to be safe and effective in our small case series.Figure 1: A 75-year-old male who presented with chronic pancreatitis with obstructing calculi in the head and dilated pancreatic duct in the neck, body, and tail for which eus-guided pancreatic duct drainage was performed.Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient has given his consent for his images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patient understands that his name and initial will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal his identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Optimal LQR-based multi-loop linear control strategy for UPS inverter applications using resonant controller (2011)

This paper presents an optimal multi-loop control structure for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications which use voltage source inverter (VSI) coupled with LC filter. A resonant controller ensures tracking of sinusoidal voltage reference and rejection of sinusoidal current disturbance with no steady-state error if the loop remains stable. The challenges are reduction of output total harmonic distortion (THD), improving damping of the LC resonance frequency and preventing generation of fast closed-loop modes which go beyond the frequency range of inverter with limited switching frequency. An extension of the classic linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is proposed which addresses the optimal tracking problem. The paper also presents an improved controller to further reduce the voltage distortions for highly accurate applications. The designed controller is simulated and also experimentally built and the results are presented to confirm analytical derivations.
IN VIVO QUANTIFICATION OF 18F-FDG UPTAKE IN HUMAN PLACENTA DURING EARLY PREGNANCY (2009)

18F-FDG is the most widely used PET radiopharmaceutical. Nevertheless, no data for 18F-FDG uptake in the human placenta have been reported. We recently reported on embryo dosimetry in a woman who underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan during early pregnancy. In the present work we attempt an in vivo quantification of the 18F-FDG uptake by the placenta. The 27-y-old woman received 320 MBq of 18F-FDG for a follow-up study for Hodgkin's lymphoma and was later discovered to be pregnant (embryo age = 8 wk). Imaging started 1 h after injection. The maximum placental tissue uptake (SUVmax) was 2.5. This value was conservatively attributed to the entire placental volume, i.e., 45 mL, a value representative of the average dimensions of a normal placenta at 8 wk. On the basis of these measurements, placenta 18F-FDG uptake in our patient was 0.19% of the injected activity. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to derive the photon dose to the embryo from the placenta (0.022 x 10(-2) mGy per MBq of injected 18F-FDG) and from the surrounding amniotic fluid (0.017 x 10(-2) mGy MBq(-1)). This increases our previously calculated dose (3.3 x 10(-2) mGy MBq(-1)) by only a small fraction (1.18%), which does not justify modifying the previous estimate given the overall uncertainties.
Facile preparation of nickel/carbonized wood nanocomposite for environmentally friendly supercapacitor electrodes (2016)

We are reporting a facile way to prepare nickel/carbon nanocomposites from wood as a novel electrode material for supercapacitors. The surface morphology and the structure of the as-prepared electrodes were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that after high-temperature carbonization process, the wood is converted into graphitic carbon with nickel nanoparticles uniformly distributed within the three dimensional structure of the wood. Electrochemical characterization such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were conducted. These results showed that the introduction of nickel into the carbonized wood improves the specific capacitance and the cyclic stability of the nanocomposite electrode over that of the pure carbonized wood electrode. The composite electrode displayed an enhanced capacitive performance of 3616 F/g at 8 A/g, and showed an excellent capacitance retention after 6000 charge-discharge cycles. These results endow the nickel nanoparticles impregnated carbonized wood with a great potential for future application in supercapacitors.
Structural analysis of the gene encoding human aromatase cytochrome P-450, the enzyme responsible for estrogen biosynthesis (1989)

The structural gene encoding aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM) was isolated from human genomic DNA. The gene spans at least 52 kilobases and is composed of 10 exons, the first of which is untranslated. Analysis of the transcription initiation site of human P-450AROM mRNA reveals the differential use of 1 of 3 consecutive G residues at the cap site. DNA sequence analysis indicates that the gene has a putative TATA (ATAAAA) sequence at -23 base pairs (bp) and putative CAAT binding sequences beginning at -41, -67, and -83 bp. The 5'-flanking region contains sequences similar to consensus sequences of cis-acting elements defined as regulators of aromatase gene expression. These putative sequences include a cAMP regulatory element at -211 bp, an AP1 (protein kinase C) site at -54 bp, and glucocorticoid regulatory elements at -352 bp and within the first intron at +346 bp. There appears to be only one gene encoding P-450AROM in the human genome. Two major species of human P-450AROM mRNA (3.4 and 2.9 kilobases) are derived from the use of two polyadenylation signals.
Hydrogen catalyzed crystallization of strontium titanate (1994)

The crystallization rate of amorphous strontium titanate is enhanced by more than an order of magnitude during thermal annealing in water vapor as compared to a dry ambient. Time resolved optical reflectivity (TRR) has been combined with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and ion channelling to investigate this effect. Thin amorphous films (0.6 μm) were produced on single-crystal substrates of (100) strontium titanate by bombardment with 1.9 or 2.0 MeV Pb ions. Specimens were annealed under controlled ambient conditions (H2O, D2O, vacuum, 265–430 °C) and the solid phase epitaxial crystallization monitored in situ by TRR (633 nm). The TRR data were calibrated ex situ by transmission electron microscopy and RBS measurements. Isotope substitution, nuclear reaction analysis, and secondary-ion-mass spectrometry were utilized to reveal the uptake of hydrogen and oxygen into the implanted layer. Hydrogen is identified as the only species which penetrates to the crystal/amorphous interface. It is shown that the crystallization rate is proportional to the concentration of diffusing hydrogen (H or D) at the interface. The data show that the effect of water vapor, or more precisely, hydrogen, is to reduce the activation energy of crystallization from 2.1 to 1.0 eV. It is concluded that hydrogen, provided by the dissociation of water molecules at the surface, is a catalyst in the crystallization of amorphous strontium titanate.
PHARMACOKINETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO DRUG USE (1985)

Fundamental research in pharmacokinetics help to identify the causes of inter-subject variability in response to drugs. An understanding of these causes may permit the development of an individual dosage schedule and improve drug therapy. All professionals who are involved with drug use in patients should have a good knowledge of drug disposition and clinical pharmacokinetics.
Video-Based Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using Spatiotemporal Maps (2009)

Surveillance video cameras have been increasingly deployed along roadways over the past decade. Automatic traffic data collection through surveillance video cameras is highly desirable; however, sight-degrading factors and camera vibrations make it an extremely challenging task. In this paper, a computer-vision–based algorithm for vehicle detection and tracking is presented, implemented, and tested. This new algorithm consists of four steps: user initialization, spatiotemporal map generation, strand analysis, and vehicle tracking. It relies on a single, environment-insensitive cue that can be easily obtained and analyzed without camera calibration. The proposed algorithm was implemented in Microsoft Visual C++ using OpenCV and Boost C++ graph libraries. Six test video data sets, representing a variety of lighting, flow level, and camera vibration conditions, were used to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm. Experimental results showed that environmental factors do not significantly impact the detection accuracy of the algorithm. Vehicle count errors ranged from 8% to 19% in the tests, with an overall average detection accuracy of 86.6%. Considering that the test scenarios were chosen to be challenging, such test results are encouraging.
[Parkinson's disease: cell death mechanisms] (2002)

Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of aging characterized by a selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra. The diagnosis of the disease is made when neuronal cell loss exceeds 50 p. cent indicating that the degenerative process started well before the onset of the first clinical symptoms. Three populations of dopaminergic neurons seem to coexist in the substantia nigra of parkinsonian patients; (1) senescent neurons that are still spared by the pathological process; (2) sick neurons exhibiting generally a preserved morphology but showing evidence of biochemical and metabolic abnormalities; (3) neurons which have entered into a final state of agony and exhibit the hallmarks of apoptosis, a controlled form of cell death that requires the activation of a particular type of proteases, caspases. In the inherited forms of the disease that are caused by mutations of genes encoding the Parkin, alpha-synuclein and UCHL-1 proteins, the degenerative process results from the dysfunction of an enzymatic complex of proteolysis, the proteasome. This probably leads to the intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins that become deleterious for dopaminergic neurons. In the sporadic forms of the disease that are the most frequent, causes of the cell demise remain still unknown but neurodegeneration might also result from a decreased activity of the proteasome. A defect in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species or an energy failure caused by inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, at the complex I level, are other hypothesis that are frequently mentioned. Finally, activated glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) located around the degenerating dopaminergic neurons might also intervene in the mechanism of degeneration by perpetuating or even amplifying the primary neuronal insult. Proinflammatory cytokines acting on cell death membrane receptors and diffusable messengers such as nitric oxide could be part of this process.
Monoclonal Antibody Studies Defining the Origin and Properties of Autoantibodies in Graves' Disease (1986)

The present report summarizes experiments with monoclonal antibodies to the TSH receptor. The data provide further insight into the TSH receptor structure and into the basis of autoimmune antibodies implicated in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. They resolve many clinical questions and provide new approaches to enhance our understanding of autoimmune disease. In one new approach, it has been noted that the 11E8 TBIAb can precipitate the phosphorylated beta subunit of the insulin and IGF1 receptor. This cross-reactivity or recognition of determinants adjacent to the TSH receptor may not be random. Insulin, IGF1, alpha 1 adrenergic, and TSH receptors have been linked to a synergistic cascade response system of the thyroid involving growth, thyroglobulin biosynthesis, iodination of thyroglobulin, and thyroid hormone formation. Future studies with the monoclonals may help unravel this cascade system and its regulatory relationships, along with the relationships between autoimmune thyroid disease and autoimmune diseases of other organs.
Characterization of a Delaware Slope Basin Reservoir for Optimal Development (1995)

Abstract A reliable reservoir description is essential to investigate various scenarios for successful field development. In this study, various new tools have been applied to fully characterize the East Livingston Ridge Delaware reservoir. The Delaware formations in their slope/basin environment are difficult to characterize due to the channels in the submarine fans. Using well logs, a complex 3-D reservoir model composed of a channel through the bottom three layers of a seven layer model with one non-oil bearing zone was constructed to represent this complex depositional setting. Drastic changes in layer lithologies resulting in multiple oil/water contacts and varying water saturations required detailed log interpretation. The porosity logs were tuned with available sidewall core information. Log porosity was determined for each layer at each well and kriging was used to estimate the areal distribution of the porosity. Porosity- permeability correlations for each layer were developed from sidewall core data. The correlations were used to make an initial estimate of the interwell permeabilities. A production history match was not possible with the initial characterization of the reservoir. The production rates of the oil, gas, and water phases of each of the twenty-three wells in the East Livingston Ridge field and the pressure data were automatically history matched using a recently developed simulated annealing technique. The absolute and relative permeabilities of the layers were varied automatically during the history matching phase of the reservoir study. The larger scale properties resulting from the calibrated model were used to forecast the results of continued primary, infill drilling and/or waterflooding.
An efficient interior point method for sequential quadratic programming based optimal power flow (2000)

This paper presents a new sequential quadratic programming algorithm for solving the optimal power flow problem. The algorithm is structured with an outer linearization loop and an inner optimization loop. The inner loop solves a relaxed reduced quadratic programming problem. Because constraint relaxation keeps the inner loop problem of small dimension, the algorithm is quite efficient. Its outer loop iteration counts are comparable to Newton power flow and the inner loops are efficient interior point iterations. Several IEEE test systems were run. The results indicate that both outer and inner loop iteration counts do not vary greatly with problem size.
Nucleation and growth of gas barrier aluminium oxide on surfaces of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene: effects of the polymer surface properties (2000)

The nucleation and initial stages of growth of aluminium oxide deposited on two different polymer surfaces [poly(ethylene terephthalate), (PET) and amorphous polypropylene, (PP)] have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The permeation of water vapor and oxygen through the films has been measured. The initial stages of the growth of the oxide consisted of separated islands on the polymer surface. Further growth of oxide depends strongly on the surface morphology and chemical nature of the polymer surface. Growth on PET follows a layer-by-layer mechanism that maintains the native surface roughness of the polymer substrate. Growth on PP, however, follows an island mode, which leads to an increase in surface roughness. This may be due to a lack of chemical bonding between the polymer and the arriving metal–oxygen particles. The oxide layer on PET grows more densely than on PP, providing superior barrier to gas permeation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 3151–3162, 2000
Ultrahigh resolution 3D imaging and characterisation of nanoscale pore structure in shales and its control on gas transport (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cost-effective and environmentally sensitive shale gas production requires detailed knowledge of the petrophysical characteristics of the shale from which the gas is extracted. Parameters such as the kerogen fraction, pore size distributions, porosity, permeability, the frackability of the rock and the degree to which natural fracturing already occurs are required in order to be able to estimate potential gas reserves and how easily it can be extracted. Innovative imaging techniques, including Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) and Nanoscale X-Ray Tomography (nano-CT), can be used to characterise the microstructural properties of shale. Here we report using FIB-SEM serial sectioning and nano-CT on approximately cubic samples of side length about 25 &amp;amp;#181;m. The resolution of the FIB-SEM scanning is approximately 20 nm, while that of the nano-CT is about 50 nm, providing between 125 and 1953 million voxels per scan. These ultra-high resolution techniques have been shown to be effective methods for the analysis and imaging of shale microstructure. Each technique can provide data over a different and separate range of scales, and with different resolutions. Results analysed so far indicate that pores which seem to be unconnected when imaged on a micrometre scale by micro-CT scanning, are connected by thin pathways when imaged at these higher resolutions. This nano-scale connectivity is responsible for the small but non-zero permeability of gas shales to gas flow, which is typically measured in the range 5 nD &amp;amp;#8211; 200 nD. The volume, size, aspect ratios, surface area to volume ratio and orientations have all been calculated from the scanned data as a function of scale. These data indicate an extremely complex, heterogeneous, anisotropic and multimodal pore nanostructure and microstructure for the shales, with structure at all scales contributing to both gas storage and gas flow. Further work analysing the connectivity of the microscale and nanoscale pore spaces within the rock is underway. We believe that the combination of nano-CT with FIB-SEM on the same sample has the potential for providing an enhanced understanding of shale microstructure, which is necessary for modelling elastic behaviour, gas storage, gas desorption and gas flow in gas shales.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Keywords:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; Gas shale, FIB-SEM, nano-CT, porosity, permeability, Kerogen, pore volume, size distribution, pore aspect ratio and surface area to pore volume.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Robust controller design for a series resonant converter via duty-cycle control (1999)

Robust controller design for a series resonant power converter is presented when load variation and unregulated input line voltage perturbation are taken into consideration. The perturbation of unregulated line voltage is treated as an exogenous disturbance and the load variation as a structured uncertainty of the converter. An averaged model, including disturbance and model uncertainty, is then derived. Two kinds of /spl mu/ synthesis-D-K and /spl mu/-K iteration schemes-are applied to design robust controllers to diminish the susceptibility of the regulated voltage to perturbations of load variation and unregulated line voltage. In addition, a classical controller is also designed for performance comparison. Finally, simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the robust control theory.