gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Agent Systems Approach to Autonomic Computing (2004)

The goal of autonomic computing is to create computing systems capable of managing themselves to a far greater extent than they do today. This paper presents Unity, a decentralized architecture for autonomic computing based on multiple interacting agents called autonomic elements. We illustrate how the Unity architecture realizes a number of desired autonomic system behaviors including goal-driven self-assembly, self-healing, and real-time self-optimization. We then present a realistic prototype implementation, showing how a collection of Unity elements self-assembles, recovers from certain classes of faults, and manages the use of computational resources (e.g. servers) in a dynamic multi-application environment. In Unity, an autonomic element within each application environment computes a resource-level utility function based on information specified in that applicationýs service-level utility function. Resource-level utility functions from multiple application environments are sent to a Resource Arbiter element, which computes a globally optimal allocation of servers across the applications. We present illustrative empirical data showing the behavior of our implemented system in handling realistic Web-based transactional workloads running on a Linux cluster.
Study of atmospheric effects on infrared polarization imaging system based on polarized Monte Carlo method (2012)

Compared with traditional infrared imaging, infrared polarization imaging system can detect and identify the man-made or camouflaged target more efficiently by using the difference in the degree of polarization (DoP) between the target and background. The scene’s radiation is attenuated by the path atmosphere firstly, and then modulated by the polarizer and the optical system. Because of the effect of the atmosphere (such as absorption, radiation, diffusion etc.), the final radiation intensity the sensor received changes, which affects the result of detection and identification. In this paper, the component characteristic of particles in atmosphere was discussed particularly. And the propagation of signal was described by analyzing the scattering effect between atmospheric particles and photons. After the process of free path sampling, selecting the radius of the colliding particles, the scattering angle and azimuth sampling, and particle collision and extinction judgment, a Monte Carlo model of polarized light propagation in atmosphere was present by use of the Stokes/Mueller formalism and Meridian planes method. Then two different methods (the radiation intensity and the DoP) used for target recognition in atmosphere were simulated. The relationship between the received radiation intensity, the DoP and the distance was developed. The contrast showed that the DoP had a better performance than the intensity measurements on the whole. However, there was a maximum distance for polarization imaging system using short wavelength to make the most of the advantage. When beyond this distance, the polarization imaging advantage will disappear. Polarized light with longer wavelengths had a better ability to maintain the state of polarization after propagation in the atmosphere.
Induction of a neoarthrosis by precisely controlled motion in an experimental mid‐femoral defect (2002)

Bone regeneration during fracture healing has been demonstrated repeatedly, yet the regeneration of articular cartilage and joints has not yet been achieved. It has been recognized however that the mechanical environment during fracture healing can be correlated to the contributions of either the endochondral or intramembranous processes of bone formation, and to resultant tissue architecture. Using this information, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that induced motion can directly regulate osteogenic and chondrogenic tissue formation in a rat mid-femoral bone defect and thereby influence the anatomical result. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats (400 +/- 20 g) underwent production of a mid-diaphyseal, non-critical sized 3.0 mm segmental femoral defect with rigid external fixation using a custom designed four pin fixator. One group of eight animals represented the controls and underwent surgery and constant rigid fixation. In the treatment group the custom external fixator was used to introduce daily interfragmentary bending strain in the eight treatment animals (12 degree angular excursion), with a hypothetical symmetrical bending load centered within the gap. The eight animals in the treatment group received motion at 1.0 Hz, for 10 min a day, with a 3 days on, one day off loading protocol for the first two weeks, and 2 days on, one day off for the remaining three weeks. Data collection included histological and immunohistological identification of tissue types, and mean collagen fiber angles and angular conformity between individual fibers in superficial, intermediate, and deep zones within the cartilage. These parameters were compared between the treatment group, rat knee articular cartilage, and the control group as a structural outcome assessment. After 35 days the control animals demonstrated varying degrees of osseous union of the defect with some animals showing partial union. In every individual within the mechanical treatment group the defect completely failed to unite. Bony arcades developed in the experimental group, capping the termini of the bone segments on both sides of the defect in four out of six animals completing the study. These new structures were typically covered with cartilage, as identified by specific histological staining for Type II collagen and proteoglycans. The distribution of collagen within analogous superficial, intermediate, and deep zones of the newly formed cartilage tissue demonstrated preferred fiber angles consistent with those seen in articular cartilage. Although not resulting in complete joint development, these neoarthroses show that the induced motion selectively controlled the formation of cartilage and bone during fracture repair, and that it can be specifically directed. They further demonstrate that the spatial organization of molecular components within the newly formed tissue, at both microanatomical and gross levels, are influenced by their local mechanical environment, confirming previous theoretical models.
Cost effectiveness of neonatal ECG screening for the long QT syndrome (2006)

We are grateful to Dr Van Hare and his well-respected colleagues for raising important questions related to our article.1 In writing this article, we focused on the cost-effectiveness issues and we took for granted some important considerations very familiar to us but perhaps less so to others. Their letter offers a unique opportunity to clarify these significant points.

The skepticism on the issue of costs is unjustified. Costs were considered from the point of view of the Italian National Health System (NHS); all costs listed are those established within the NHS and used for hospital reimbursement. To cover the possible variations within European countries, we conservatively varied every single parameter by ± 30%. The fact that public health-related costs are lower in Europe than in the USA is no surprise. As to the no costs associated with training adult cardiologists to read neonatal ECGs defined as ‘unrealistic’, we stand by our statement. In Italy, as throughout the Europe, hospital-based cardiologists are paid by the State and operate within the NHS. When they become ‘cardiologists’ they are supposed to have learnt to read ECGs, independently of the age of the patient. If they have forgotten (or never properly learnt) how to read a neonatal or paediatric ECG, this is their problem. They should go back to their books and study. The State will not pay for their additional instruction (taxes to attend medical schools in Italy are negligible and formal training to become a certified specialist in cardiology is paid by the State, for those admitted). Furthermore, the European Society of Cardiology has published specific Guidelines exactly for this purpose.2 If adult cardiologists will follow them, they will identify most problems. Additional voluntary training will be useful …
Heat shock response of spirochetes (1991)

We examined the heat shock response of the pathogenic spirochetes Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Leptospira interrogans and certain saprophytic spirochetes. Cellular proteins synthesized after shifts to higher temperatures were [35S]methionine labeled and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Only T. pallidum failed to exhibit an obvious heat shock response. GroEL and DnaK homologs were identified in the various species, although these proteins were not thermoinducible in T. pallidum or Treponema denticola. DNA hybridization studies indicate that spirochetal groEL and dnaK genes are highly conserved.
A Composition of Dynamic Force Control System Based on Momentum (2008)

There are two types of force control system, force control with inverse Jacobian matrix and transpose Jacobian matrix. Both of the controllers, however, have a defect. The characteristic of the former controller is that it has singular point due to inverse Jacobian matrix. Motion of a robot becomes unstable at this point. On the other hand, with transpose Jacobian matrix, it is used only in static state.In this paper, a novel force control method is proposed. This method does not have any singular points and is able to be applied to dynamic state. Furthermore, tracking accuracy of the proposed controller is better than that of the conventional methods.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Diaryl Ether Linked DC-81 Conjugates as Potential Antitumor Agents (2013)

A series of new diaryl ether linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates (4a-i, 5a-i and 6a-f) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of 11 human cancer cell lines. These conjugates exhibited significant anticancer activity with GI50 values in the range of 0.1-3.88 μM. Some of the potent conjugates (4b, 4h, 5h, 6b, 6c and 6e) were further investigated on cell cycle distribution. FACS analysis showed the accumulation of cells in G0 phase indicating the apoptosis inducing nature of these conjugates. Moreover, compound 6b caused a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicates the apoptotic nature of the compound through mitochondrial mediated pathway. Further conjugates 4b, 4h and 6b induce the activation of caspase and PARP proteins, followed by apoptotic cell death in MCF7 cell line.
Observation of strongly wave-vector-dependent Raman scattering by LO phonons in GaAs near theE0band gap (1986)

Stimulated Raman gain spectra were recorded for photon energies approaching the GaAs ${E}_{0}$ band gap. The method measures forward Raman scattering from bulk material, and therefore is restricted to low-momentum (q) phonons. For below-band-gap excitation, the new results are described by intrinsic deformation potential and q-dependent Fr\"ohlich scattering mechanisms, in contrast to the impurity mechanism previously proposed to explain strong, q-independent impurity backscattering observed above the gand gap. We observed weak bulk impurity scattering for near-band-gap resonant excitation. Calculations for bulk impurity scattering, scaled to match above-band-gap data, predict the observed impurity scattering.
New host records for Azygia acuminata Goldberger 1911 (1971)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
EGFR Mutation Status in Japanese Lung Cancer Patients: Genotyping Analysis Using LightCycler (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Recently, somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene were found in ∼25% of Japanese lung cancer patients. These EGFR mutations are reported to be correlated with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. However, DNA sequencing using the PCR methods described to date is time-consuming and requires significant quantities of DNA; thus, this existing approach is not suitable for a routine pretherapeutic screening program. Experimental Design: We have genotyped EGFR mutation status in Japanese lung cancer patients, including 102 surgically treated lung cancer cases from Nagoya City University Hospital and 16 gefitinib-treated lung cancer cases from Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center. The presence or absence of three common EGFR mutations were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR with mutation-specific sensor and anchor probes. Results: In exon 21, EGFR mutations (CTG → CGG; L858R) were found from 8 of 102 patients from Nagoya and 1 of 16 from Kinki. We also detected the deletion mutations in exon 19 from 7 of 102 patients from Nagoya (all were deletion type 1a) and 4 of 16 patients from Kinki (one was type 1a and three were type 1b). In exon 18, one example of G719S mutation was found from both Nagoya and Kinki. The L858R mutation was significantly correlated with gender (women versus men, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), Brinkman index (600 ≤ versus 600&amp;gt;, P = 0.001), pathologic subtypes (adenocarcinoma versus nonadenocarcinoma, P = 0.007), and differentiation status of the lung cancers (well versus moderately or poorly, P = 0.0439), whereas the deletion mutants were not. EGFR gene status, including the type of EGFR somatic mutation, was correlated with sensitivity to gefitinib therapy. For example, some of our gefitinib-responsive patients had L858R or deletion type 1a mutations. On the other hand, one of our gefitinib-resistant patients had a G719S mutation. Conclusions: Using the LightCycler PCR assay, the EGFR L858R mutation status might correlate with gender, pathologic subtypes, and gefitinib sensitivity of lung cancers. However, further genotyping studies are needed to confirm the mechanisms of EGFR mutations for the sensitivity or resistance of gefitinib therapy for the lung cancer.
Ultrafast All-Optical Switches using Intersubband Transition in Quantum Wells (2006)

The intersubband transition (ISBT) all-optical switches were developed using two different material systems, InGaAs/AlAs/AlAsSb system, and CdS/ZnSe/BeTe system. Fiber modules were fabricated for both material switches. InGaAs/AlAs/AlAsSb switch showed 10dB extinction at fiber input of 15pJ for 500fs pulse and quasi-DEMUX operation was demonstrated at repetition rate of 10GHz for 40GHz pulses train with pulse width of 2ps. CdS/ZnSe/BeTe switch showed 10dB extinction at 13.1pJ fiber input and very fast response of below 560fs. I. Background
Polymeric Self-Assembled Monolayers. 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Polydiacetylene Mono- and Multilayers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric Self-Assembled Monolayers. 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Polydiacetylene Mono- and MultilayersTaisun Kim, Richard M. Crooks, Maoee Tsen, and Li SunCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 14, 3963–3967Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00119a010Request reuse permissionsArticle Views743Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigating the Prevalence of Reactive Online Searching in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study (2020)

These findings illustrate the increased rate and volume of the public consumption of novel information during a global health care crisis. The positive correlation between mortality and online searching, particularly in countries with lower COVID-19 testing rates, may demonstrate the imperative to safeguard official communications and dispel misinformation in these countries. Online news, government briefings, and social media provide a powerful tool for the dissemination of important information to the public during pandemics, but their misuse and the presentation of misrepresented medical information should be monitored, minimized, and addressed to safeguard public safety. Ultimately, governments, public health authorities, and scientists have a moral imperative to safeguard the truth and maintain an accessible discourse with the public to limit fear.
A system of recording digital data on photographic film using superimposed grating patterns (1966)

The most common method for storing data in a binary form on photographic films has been to record each bit in terms of the presence or absence of a density in an area on the film. While in theory high-resolution materials have the inherent capacity for recording a tremendous number of bits within a given area, to a very great extent this has not been realizable because of technological difficulties. First of all, as the areas corresponding to the bits on the film are made smaller, they become more and more difficult to locate mechanically. And second, any film is bound to pick up a certain amount of dirt, and such particles can easily obscure individual bits and cause real havoc if high accuracy is required.
A Host-Directed Approach to the Detection of Infection in Hard-to-Heal Wounds (2022)

Wound infection is traditionally defined primarily by visual clinical signs, and secondarily by microbiological analysis of wound samples. However, these approaches have serious limitations in determining wound infection status, particularly in early phases or complex, chronic, hard-to-heal wounds. Early or predictive patient-derived biomarkers of wound infection would enable more timely and appropriate intervention. The observation that immune activation is one of the earliest responses to pathogen activity suggests that immune markers may indicate wound infection earlier and more reliably than by investigating potential pathogens themselves. One of the earliest immune responses is that of the innate immune cells (neutrophils) that are recruited to sites of infection by signals associated with cell damage. During acute infection, the neutrophils produce oxygen radicals and enzymes that either directly or indirectly destroy invading pathogens. These granular enzymes vary with cell type but include elastase, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and cathepsin G. Various clinical studies have demonstrated that collectively, these enzymes, are sensitive and reliable markers of both early-onset phases and established infections. The detection of innate immune cell enzymes in hard-to-heal wounds at point of care offers a new, simple, and effective approach to determining wound infection status and may offer significant advantages over uncertainties associated with clinical judgement, and the questionable value of wound microbiology. Additionally, by facilitating the detection of early wound infection, prompt, local wound hygiene interventions will likely enhance infection resolution and wound healing, reduce the requirement for systemic antibiotic therapy, and support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in wound care.
An algorithm for determining the feasibility of SONET/ATM rings in broadband networks (2002)

Synchronous optical network (SONET) self-healing ring architecture is used for designing more survivable and economical broadband networks. Virtual path (VP)-based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology is being introduced into SONET rings as a means of reducing costs by using its non-hierarchical path multiplexing and flexible demand arrangement. This paper describes an algorithm for determining the feasibility of SONET/ATM rings over a diverse protection (DP) architecture when deploying the rings in the network. It is assumed that the ATM/add-drop multiplexer (ADM) for the VP-based ATM rings can be built from SONET ADM by installing the ATM STS-3c line cards in place of the STS-3 termination cards. Hence, the algorithm is applicable to both SONET ring and VP-based ATM ring architectures. By using reference network databases the simulation results are also provided. The cost depends on amount of traffic, demand routing, size of network and network connectivity. In our simulation results, we found that the cost savings over DPs ranged from 2.6% to 19.9%. It is recommended that network planners and network analysts carefully evaluate where to deploy SONET/ATM rings for more survivable and economical broadband networks.
Fatigue Reliability and Calibration of Fatigue Design Factors for Offshore Wind Turbines (2012)

Consequences of failure of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) is in general lower than consequences of failure of, e.g., oil &amp; gas platforms. It is reasonable that lower fatigue design factors can be applied for fatigue design of OWTs when compared to other fixed offshore structures. Calibration of appropriate partial safety factors/Fatigue Design Factors (FDF) for steel substructures for OWTs is the scope of this paper. A reliability-based approach is used and a probabilistic model has been developed, where design and limit state equations are established for fatigue failure. The strength and load uncertainties are described by stochastic variables. SN and fracture mechanics approaches are considered for to model the fatigue life. Further, both linear and bi-linear SN-curves are formulated and various approximations are investigated. The acceptable reliability level for fatigue failure of OWTs is discussed and results are presented for calibrated optimal fatigue design factors. Further, the influence of inspections is considered in order to extend and maintain a given target safety level.
Adaptive and Maladptive Effects of SMAD3 Signaling in the Adult Heart After Hemodynamic Pressure Overloading (2009)

The results suggest that SMAD3 signaling plays dual roles in the heart: one beneficial role by delimiting hypertrophic growth and the other deleterious by modulating myocardial fibrosis, possibly through a pathway that entails accumulation of microRNAs that decrease collagen gene expression.
High-speed CMOS Circuits for Optical Receivers (2002)

With the exponential growth of the number of Internet nodes, the volume of the data transported on the backbone has increased with the same trend. The load of the global Internet backbone will soon increase to tens of terabits per second. This indicates that the backbone bandwidth requirements will increase by a factor of 50 to 100 every seven years. Transportation of such high volumes of data requires suitable media with low loss and high bandwidth. Among the available transmission media, optical fibers achieve the best performance in terms of loss and bandwidth. High-speed data can be transported over hundreds of kilometers of single-mode fiber without significant loss in signal integrity. These fibers progressively benefit from reduction of cost and improvement of perf- mance. Meanwhile, the electronic interfaces used in an optical network are not capable of exploiting the ultimate bandwidth of the fiber, limiting the throughput of the network. Different solutions at both the system and the circuit levels have been proposed to increase the data rate of the backbone. System-level solutions are based on the utilization of wave-division multiplexing (WDM), using different colors of light to transmit s- eral sequences simultaneously. In parallel with that, a great deal of effort has been put into increasing the operating rate of the electronic transceivers using highly-developed fabrication processes and novel c- cuit techniques