gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of Successive Addition of Methyloxirane (IIa) or Ethyloxirane (IIb) to Alkanethiols in the Presence of Basic Catalysts (III). (1990)

Abstract Rate constants and activation parameters are determined for the addition reaction of oxiranes (IIa) resp. (IIb) to the resp. butyl‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) or ‐(2‐hydroxybuty) sulfides (Ia) and (Ib) (n = 1) and their resulting higher homologues (I) (n = 2‐6 and 2‐4, resp.) in the presence of the respective alcoholates (III) as the basic catalysts; a mixture of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐dibromobenzene is used as solvent (373‐403 K); higher alkyl sulfides Me‐(CH2)p‐S‐CH2‐CH(OH)‐Me + (IIa) (with p = 5, 7, and 9) are studied as well.
A theoretical approach to local attenuation measurements of shear waves by MRE. Preliminary experimental results (2005)

Abstract An essential highlight of the presented method is the employment of Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) for local measurements of the attenuation of elastic shear waves introduced into a biological sample. Such a measurement can be accomplished by combining the MRE method with those methods, in which collective displacement of spins is induced by external physical factors, such as variable electric field, strong magnetic field gradient or longitudinal elastic wave. A theoretical basis of the method involving external factors and results of preliminary experiments have been presented in this paper.
CO₂ capture using immobilized carbonic anhydrase in Robinson-Mahoney basket and packed absorption column reactors (2008)

Le Groupe d'expert Intergouvernemental sur l'Évolution du Climat (GIEC) dans son rapport de 2005 sur le piégeage et le stockage du CO2 fait une revue exhaustive des procédés de capture démontrés et implémentés industriellement ou en développement. Un procédé novateur ayant suffisamment de potentiel pour justifier des études plus poussées échappe toutefois à cette revue et consiste en l'utilisation d'une enzyme dont la cinétique est extrêmement rapide, l'anhydrase carbonique, comme catalyseur de l'hydratation de CO2. La présente étude propose donc une revue des procédés enzymatiques de capture de CO2 et une caractérisation expérimentale de la capture de CO2 en colonne garnie à contre courant avec de l'anhydrase carbonique immobilisée. La découverte la plus importante résultant de cette étude est que l'utilisation de cette enzyme immobilisée en colonne garnie à contre courant n'est pas une bonne configuration de réacteur due à des réactions compétitives en phase homogène liquide qui limitent la quantité de CO2 accessible à l'enzyme.
Measurement of temperature profiles in the electrodes of arc furnaces for silicon metal production (2004)

Temperature greatly influences the electrical behavior of electrodes in arc furnaces used for silicon metal production. Therefore, temperature profiles along the electrodes can be used as a complement to electrical measurements, in order for on-line monitoring of furnace operation to be improved, and in some cases for the causes of a given malfunction to be identified. This paper describes the methodology that is being applied to determine the temperature profiles along the electrodes in a kind of arc furnaces used for silicon metal production. Experimental results are also presented, showing how this information can be used to avoid critical failures of the furnace and also for preventive maintenance purposes.
Block copolyetherester. Part 3: Preparation of block copolyetheresters by a terephthalic acid process in the presence of salts (1995)

Abstract The block copolyetheresters with hard segments of poly(butylene terephthalate) and soft segments of poly(tetramethylene ether) were prepared by a terephthalic acid (TPA) process in the presence of some salts. The preparations of a block copolyetherester under various conditions were first studied in a 1 L stainless steel reactor to find the best method. Then, the preparations of four block copolyetheresters were run in a pilot plant comprising a 200 L polyesterification reactor and a 200 L polymerization reactor under the suitable condition. The presence of some salts reduced the formation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and also reduced the total reaction time in the pilot plant. The thermal properties and various mechanical properties of the block copolytheresters prepared by the pilot plant were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of this method.
Progressive image transmission (1993)

Progressive image transmission (PIT) is widely used in many applications, since it generates the successively improved reconstructions of an image. In spatial domain PIT systems, perfectly reconstructed images can be obtained at the final stage. However the intermediate images are not good and there is no data compression. In this paper, the authors present a new simple spatial domain progressive image transmission using modified Kohonen self-organizing feature map algorithm, which is called Kohonen vector quantizer (KVQ). To alleviate edge distortion a classification technique is applied to KVQ. Computer simulation results show that very good intermediate images can be obtained at reasonable bit rates using the PIT scheme introduced. >
Comparison of Intrathecally Administered Urokinase, Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator, and Combination of Urokinase and Lysine-Plasminogen for Clot Lysis after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Dogs (1997)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the fibrinolytic effect of urokinase (UK) with that of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on subarachnoid clots and to investigate the effect of lysine-plasminogen(Lys-plg) on fibrinolytic therapy. METHODS: We measured subarachnoid clot lysis rate chronologically for 24 hours during continuous intrathecal irrigation with tPA or UK alone in a canine subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Also, we measured the clot lysis rate for 24 hours during continuous irrigation with UK and Lys-plg or with UK after preadministration of Lys-plg in the same model. RESULTS: The rate of clot lysis caused by UK and tPA dose-dependently increased up to 3,000 IU/ml and 125,000 IU/ml, respectively. With the same molar concentrations, the lytic effect of tPA was significantly higher than that of UK. The slope of the dose-response curve, however, was almost the same with both agents, and the slope of the dose-response curve of UK and tPA for a 24-hour irrigation was 25 and 23% per log 10 concentration, respectively. On the other hand, clot lysis with the combined use of UK and Lys-plg was higher than that with the single use of UK. Particularly, the preadministration of Lys-plg markedly enhanced clot lysis by UK at the early stage of irrigation. CONCLUSION: Subarachnoid clot lysis can be accelerated by administration of Lys-plg before UK administration and by use of high concentrations of UK or tPA.
Dithiocarbamates, Carbon Disulphide and the Corrosion of Tinplate (1968)

AbstractAbstractThe fungicides TMTD (tetramethylthiuram disulphide) and ziram (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate) decompose to carbon disulphide and dimethylamine in plain tinplate cans of acid foods. Trace levels of carbon disulphide cause pitting corrosion of the base steel of tinplate with little or no attack on the tin coating. Pitting corrosion differs from the usual form of attack in acid media in which tin is preferentially dissolved and steel is cathodically protected. Carbon disulphide induces pitting corrosion by reducing the hydrogen overvoltage of the tin coating so that cathodic protection of the steel becomes less effective. Carbon disulphide also accelerates anodic corrosion of steel. These effects are of sufficient size to cause inversion of the tin/steel couple potential. Dimethylamine increases hydrogen overpotential of tin slightly but has negligible effect on corrosion.
Analysis and evaluation of the stability of a biologically inspired, Leg loss tolerant gait for six- and eight-legged walking robots (2010)

This article analyzes and evaluates the stability of the biologically inspired gait of the DLR Crawler, a walking hexapod robot, with respect to leg loss. Using a kinematic simulation, ranges of velocity commands that result in stable gait coordination are determined for both cases, the undamaged robot and the robot experiencing the loss of a single leg. The results give insight how to adjust the motion commands after the loss of a leg. Further, a simplified dynamic simulation is used to analyze the effect of leg loss on the walking stability. Heuristic measures like curvature and length of the traveled path, roll and pitch angles are employed to evaluate the walking stability and performance. Some methods like shifting the COG or stiffening the variably compliant joints are proposed and discussed with respect to their ability to improve the walking performance in case of leg loss. In the end, the presented concepts are extended and for the first time applied to a simulated eight-legged robot.
Abstract 193: Antithrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles Ameliorate Renal Injury Following Transient Warm Ischemia (2014)

Objective: Thrombin mediated microvascular thrombosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute renal reperfusion injury following transient ischemia. We hypothesize that anti-thrombin nanoparticles will ameliorate acute renal injury by inhibiting microvascular thrombosis. Methods: Adult, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into two groups of 5 to receive tail vein injections of saline or nanoparticles loaded with Phe[D]-Pro-Arg-Chloromethylketone (NP-PPACK). Immediately following injection, all animals underwent operative bilateral renal artery occlusion to create 45 minutes of warm ischemia, followed by restoration of renal blood flow. Blood samples were drawn daily and animals were euthanized on day 1 or 7 for histologic analysis of kidney injury (H&amp;E, TUNEL and thrombin staining). Results: Histologic analysis of renal tissue revealed significant apoptosis, necrosis and thrombin accumulation 1 day after ischemia-reperfusion, confirming acute kidney injury. The peak creatinine (mg/dl) on day 1 was significantly lower in NP-PPACK treated animals (0.57 +/- 0.07 (SEM)) than in saline treated controls (1.40 +/- 0.20 (SEM); p-value &lt;0.01). Furthermore, animals treated with NP-PPACK continued to exhibit less renal dysfunction for 7 days after injury (Figure 1). Conclusion: Histologically confirmed intrarenal thrombosis was detected one day after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeted inhibition of thrombin with NP-PPACK prevented a decline in renal function following transient occlusion. Future work will focus on defining the underlying mechanisms of this effect.
Studies in the Iridomyrmecin Series. Abnormal Ring Closure of a 1,6-Keto Aldehyde (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Iridomyrmecin Series. Abnormal Ring Closure of a 1,6-Keto AldehydeN. L. Wendler and H. L. SlatesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 15, 3937–3939Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01548a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01548a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decision Criteria in Mentally Retarded Adults (1970)

Likelihood ratio cutoff measures, β, were obtained on six mentally retarded adults (I.Q. 42–65) who participated in an extensive YES-NO psychoacoustical study. Experiments were designed within the framework of the theory of signal detectability and conducted under different values of optimum β by (1) systematically changing monetary values and costs associated with the decision outcomes and (2) changing prior probabilities of input occurrence. Of those observers yielding nonchance d′ measures, the observers who changed decision criteria in the direction of optimum β had higher I.Q. than those who did not. Of those observers who changed decision criteria, the change most often took place on the first day of the new condition. Measures of β on the second and third day were comparable to measures after several days. Indeed, later measures occasionally indicated that the observer was moving away from an optimum criterion.
Superparamagnetic Magnetite Colloidal Nanocrystal Clusters (2007)

High-temperature hydrolysis of FeCl3 in the presence of a surfactant gives monodisperse superparamagnetic colloidal nanocrystal clusters (CNCs) of magnetite with tunable sizes (30–180 nm; see scheme). The combination of superparamagnetism, high magnetization, and high water dispersibility makes these CNCs ideal candidates for applications such as drug delivery and bioseparation. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700197_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
External insulation design of converter stations for Xiangjiaba-Shanghai &#x00B1;800 kV UHVDC project (2010)

External insulation is one of the critical aspects in the HVDC equipments and converter station design. Especially for UHVDC converter stations, the long creepage and clearance required has significant impact on the equipment and station design. The external insulation design of DC yard, valve hall, and for converter valves is presented. It is the intention of this report to review and summarize the work that has been done and the decisions that have been taken to the benefit of further work and design of new projects.
Feasibility Assessment and Operating Policy Optimization of Automotive Powertrains With Uncertainties Using Game Theory (2001)

Abstract The paper describes a game-theoretic framework and a computational algorithm for feasibility evaluation of automotive powertrains with storage elements in terms of fuel economy and emissions performance. The game-theoretic framework allows to handle various time-dependent uncertainties, including uncertainties in the drive cycle. In particular, an important issue in the prior approaches to this problem, the drive cycle dependence of the optimal policies, is alleviated. Within the basic framework, it is also possible to generate implementable operating policies that specify powertrain actuator settings as functions of engine operating conditions and states of the storage elements. We illustrate the procedure using an example powertrain with a Direct Injection Stratified Charge engine and an aftertreatment system consisting of a Three Way Catalyst and a Lean NOx Trap.
Protein Kinase C-θ Critically Regulates the Proliferation and Survival of Pathogen-Specific T Cells in Murine Listeriosis (2008)

Protein kinase C-theta (PKC-theta) is essential for the activation of T cells in autoimmune disorders, but not in viral infections. To study the role of PKC-theta in bacterial infections, PKC-theta(-/-) and wild-type mice were infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM). In primary and secondary listeriosis, the numbers of LM-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells were drastically reduced in PKC-theta(-/-) mice, resulting in increased CFUs in spleen and liver of both PKC-theta(-/-) C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Furthermore, immunization with peptide-loaded wild-type dendritic cells induced LM-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in wild-type but not in PKC-theta(-/-) mice. In listeriosis, transfer of wild-type T cells into PKC-theta(-/-) mice resulted in a normal control of Listeria, and, additionally, a selective expression of PKC-theta in LM-specific T cells was sufficient to drive a normal proliferation and survival of these T cells in LM-infected PKC-theta(-/-) recipients, illustrating a cell-autonomous function of PKC-theta in LM-specific T cells. Conversely, adoptively transferred PKC-theta(-/-) T cells were partially rescued from cell death and proliferated in LM-infected wild-type recipients, demonstrating that a PKC-theta deficiency of LM-specific T cells can be partially compensated for by a wild-type environment. Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that only the addition of IL-2, but not an inhibition of caspase-3, induced proliferation and prevented death of PKC-theta(-/-) T cells stimulated with LM-infected wild-type dendritic cells, further demonstrating that the impaired proliferation and survival of PKC-theta(-/-) T cells in listeriosis is not intrinsically fixed and can be experimentally improved.
Dysregulation of Placental miRNA in Maternal Obesity Is Associated With Pre- and Postnatal Growth (2018)

Maternal obesity and nutrient excess in utero increase the risk of future metabolic diseases. The mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood, but probably include genetic, epigenetic alterations and changes in fetal nutrient supply. Placenta, and particularly amniotic fluid, is the in utero environment that could modify fetal growth and adiposity by exerting stimulatory or inhibitory effects on fetal genome expression. Examples of epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of noncoding endogenous RNA molecules approximately 22 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level by suppressing translation of protein coding genes or cleaving target mRNAs to induce their degradation. The expression of placental miRNAs is altered during pregnancy in such pathological conditions as preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age newborns and fetal congenital heart defects, but their role in obesity has not yet been investigated. It is known that miRNAs regulate gene expression in the amniotic fluid during obesity and the expression profile of miRNAs is altered in maternal obesity. This study highlights the fact that the placenta responds to the maternal obesogenic environment by expressing a specific placental miRNA profile. The authors identified eight placenta obesity-associated miRNAs, four of which (miR-100, miR-1285, miR-296, and miR-487) were related to prenatal and postnatal growth parameters. Among them, miR-296 was present in second-trimester plasma samples and was associated with placental expression as well as with prenatal and postnatal growth. These miRNAs were associated with metabolic parameters, predictors of lower birth weight and increased postnatal weight gain. From a functional point of view these miRNAs were related to cell proliferation and insulin signaling pathways. Interestingly not all the miRNA’s in the placenta were detectable in the maternal serum.
Connected dominating set based network coding for SDN (2016)

In order to address complex and resource demanding applications. Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Coding (NC) paradigm has garnered much attention in recent years. NC is the key concept of networking to enhance network throughput and reliability, whereas SDN is the modern network architecture to virtualized network services for making route more flexible and allocating network resources on-the-fly. NC advances the conventional store-and-forward concept of packet flow by the notion of a store-code-forward among the intermediate nodes. With effect, source and destination no longer need to track singular packets, but rather targeting enough autonomous encoded packets. The practical coding gain lies on the complication of deploying coding techniques over the classical network of routers. The comprehensive view of SDN can overcome this challenge by separating network architecture into control plane and data plane. This paper counsels the use of SDN which not only assist traffic, but also manage buffering, scheduling and processing of packets. Further, the paper presents NC functionality rich Connected Dominated Set based Flow-oriented Coding-aware Routing technique (CFCR) to optimize number of transmissions over the SDN network.
Direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions of aldehydes (2002)

The development of a direct catalytic enantioselective aldol reaction of aldehydes with activated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by chiral amines is presented and the potential demonstrated by the synthesis of optically active beta-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives.
Experiments with a flow-through thermoacoustic refrigerator (2000)

Deliberate superposition of steady flow parallel to the thermoacoustic oscillations in a stack is used to cool the steady flow as it passes through the stack. The loudspeaker-driven refrigerator described here cools a flowing helium–argon mixture from 35 to 27 °C and provides additional cooling power at a traditional cold heat exchanger. The dependence of the stack’s temperature profile and of the additional cooling power on the steady flow rate are in agreement with a simple theory based on augmentation of the well-known thermoacoustic momentum, continuity, and energy equations with a single new term in the energy equation that describes the steady flow.
The Role of Hypoxia in Corneal Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Cell Motility (2019)

The cornea is an excellent model tissue to study how cells adapt to periods of hypoxia as it is naturally exposed to diurnal fluxes in oxygen. It is avascular, transparent, and highly innervated. In certain pathologies, such as diabetes, limbal stem cell deficiency, or trauma, the cornea may be exposed to hypoxia for variable lengths of time. Due to its avascularity, the cornea requires atmospheric oxygen, and a reduction in oxygen availability can impair its physiology and function. We hypothesize that hypoxia alters membrane stiffness and the deposition of matrix proteins, leading to changes in cell migration, focal adhesion formation, and wound repair. Two systems-a 3D corneal organ culture model and polyacrylamide substrates of varying stiffness-were used to examine the response of corneal epithelium to normoxic and hypoxic environments. Exposure to hypoxia alters the deposition of the matrix proteins such as laminin and Type IV collagen. In addition, previous studies had shown a change in fibronectin after injury. Studies performed on matrix-coated acrylamide substrates ranging from 0.2 to 50 kPa revealed stiffness-dependent changes in cell morphology. The localization, number, and length of paxillin pY118- and vinculin pY1065-containing focal adhesions were different in wounded corneas and in human corneal epithelial cells incubated in hypoxic environments. Overall, these results demonstrate that low-oxygenated environments modify the composition of the extracellular matrix, basal lamina stiffness, and focal adhesion dynamics, leading to alterations in the function of the cornea. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.