gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SYSTEM PARAMETERS, TRANSIT TIMES, AND SECONDARY ECLIPSE CONSTRAINTS OF THE EXOPLANET SYSTEMS HAT-P-4, TrES-2, TrES-3, and WASP-3 FROM THE NASAEPOXIMISSION OF OPPORTUNITY (2010)

As part of the NASA EPOXI Mission of Opportunity, we observed seven known transiting extrasolar planet systems in order to construct time series photometry of extremely high phase coverage and precision. Here we present the results for four "hot-Jupiter systems" with near-solar stars-HAT-P-4, TrES-3, TrES-2, and WASP-3. We observe 10 transits of HAT-P-4, estimating the planet radius R p = 1.3320.052 R Jup , the stellar radius R = 1.602 0.061 R , the inclination i = 89.670.30 deg, and the transit duration from first to fourth contact = 255.61.9 minutes. For TrES-3, we observe seven transits and find R p = 1.3200.057 R Jup , R = 0.8170.022 R , i = 81.990.30 deg, and = 81.9 1.1 minutes. We also note a long-term variability in the TrES-3 light curve, which may be due to star spots. We observe nine transits of TrES-2 and find R p = 1.169 0.034 R Jup , R = 0.940 0.026 R , i = 84.15 0.16 deg, and = 107.3 1.1 minutes. Finally, we observe eight transits of WASP-3, finding R p = 1.385 0.060 R Jup , R = 1.354 0.056 R , i = 84.22 0.81 deg, and = 167.3 1.3 minutes. We present refined orbital periods and times of transit for each target. We state 95% confidence upper limits on the secondary eclipse depths in our broadband visible bandpass centered on 650 nm. These limits are 0.073% for HAT-P-4, 0.062% for TrES-3, 0.16% for TrES-2, and 0.11% for WASP-3. We combine the TrES-3 secondary eclipse information with the existing published data and confirm that the atmosphere likely does not have a temperature inversion.
IPv6 in 3GPP Evolved Packet System (2011)

The increased use of data services, growth of subscribers in 3GPP
based mobile networks, and the impending exhaustion of available IPv4
addresses from the registries is driving the need to specify the
transition to IPv6 solutions in 3GPP network architectures. This
document describes the support for IPv6 in 3GPP network architectures
and a solution to transition to IPv6 using a dual-stack approach.
Mechanism reduction during computer generation of compact reaction models (1997)

Abstract One of the challenges in building reaction mechanisms using algorithms for automated model construction is to describe the essential chemistry and enable prediction of experimental data over wide ranges of reaction conditions while maintaining a manageable model size. Two complementary methodologies for building compact reaction mechanisms were developed and combined with existing algorithms based on graph theory and bond–electron matrix operations. Each strategy was developed using pentadecylbenzene pyrolysis as an illustrative example. The first approach used a radical lumping strategy to group radicals according to their reactivity. The mechanism was reduced from 719 to 215 species and successfully predicted the experimentally observed initial reactivity. However, implementation of the radical lumping criteria alone was insufficient to allow for secondary reactions to higher‐rank products. Therefore, on‐the‐fly sensitivity analysis was incorporated to identify the important and necessary species as the mechanism was generated to guide the mechanism building process. The generic algorithms developed can be applied to generate compact reaction mechanisms for a wide array of higher molecular‐weight reactants.
2 GHz/2 mW and 12 GHz/30 mW dual-modulus prescalers in silicon bipolar technology (2002)

Two dual-modulus prescalers manufactured in a low-cost Si bipolar technology are presented. The first circuit is optimized for low power consumption and operates up to 2 GHz at a power consumption of 2 mW. The second prescaler is optimized for high speed and operates up to 12 GHz with a power consumption of 30 mW. The prescalers have selectable divide ratios of 128/129 and 256/257, respectively.
Complete DiGeorge Anomaly in the Absence of Neonatal Hypocalcemia and Velofacial and Cardiac Defects (2005)

We report an atypical case of complete DiGeorge (DG) anomaly that presented initially exclusively as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The child had severe infections at diagnosis, in keeping with the SCID phenotype; however, normal lymphocyte counts and immunoglobulin levels were noted at admission, which delayed diagnosis. Importantly, the child presented without neonatal hypocalcemia or velofacial or cardiac abnormalities at the time of diagnosis, which masked underlying DG. This case outlines the difficulties in making the diagnosis of SCID in a timely manner and illustrates the variation in presentation of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. There should be a high index of suspicion for primary immunodeficiency among children with severe infections and, because management may vary, DG anomaly should be considered in the differential diagnosis of T- B+ natural killer+ SCID.
Text analysis and knowledge mining system (2001)

Large text databases potentially contain a great wealth of knowledge. However, text represents factual information (and information about the author's communicative intentions) in a complex, rich, and opaque manner. Consequently, unlike numerical and fixed field data, it cannot be analyzed by standard statistical data mining methods. Relying on human analysis results in either huge workloads or the analysis of only a tiny fraction of the database. We are working on text mining technology to extract knowledge from very large amounts of textual data. Unlike information retrieval technology that allows a user to select documents that meet the user's requirements and interests, or document clustering technology that organizes documents, we focus on finding valuable patterns and rules in text that indicate trends and significant features about specific topics. By applying our prototype system named TAKMI (Text Analysis and Knowledge MIning) to textual databases in PC help centers, we can automatically detect product failures; determine issues that have led to rapid increases in the number of calls and their underlying reasons; and analyze help center productivity and changes in customers' behavior involving a particular product, without reading any of the text. We have verified that our framework is also effective for other data such as patent documents.
Mortality of Mental Health Service Recipients in Vermont and Oklahoma (2002)

The authors compared statewide mortality rates for people with severe mental illness who were served in public mental health systems of care in Vermont and Oklahoma. In both states, mortality rates for younger service recipients, but not for older recipients, were significantly higher than those for the general population. In interpreting cross-region comparisons, several possible causes of variation, including differences in caseload composition and causes outside the control of the public mental health authority, must be considered.
The metalloproteinase Papp-aa functions as a molecular switch linking IGF signaling to adaptive epithelial growth (2019)

Abstract Human patients carrying inactivating mutations in the pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a2 (PAPP-A2) gene display short status and lower bone mineral density. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using a zebrafish model, here we report a [Ca 2+ ]-dependent mechanism by which Papp-aa regulates bone calcification via promoting Ca 2+ -transporting epithelial cell (ionocyte) reactivation. Ionocyte, normally quiescent, re-enter the cell cycle in response to low [Ca 2+ ] stress. Deletion of Papp-aa abolished ionocyte reactivation and resulted in a complete lack of calcified bone. Re-expression of Papp-aa, but not its active site mutant, rescued ionocyte reactivation. Inhibition of Papp-aa activity pharmacologically or by overexpressing STC1 or STC2 impaired ionocyte reactivation. Loss of Papp-aa expression or activity resulted in diminished IGF1 receptor-mediated Akt-Tor signaling activity in ionocytes and expression of a constitutively active Akt rescued ionocyte reactivation. Biochemically, Papp-aa cleaved Igfbp5a, a high-affinity IGF binding protein specifically expressed in ionocytes. Under normal [Ca2+] conditions, the Papp-aa-mediated Igfbp5a proteolysis was suppressed and IGFs sequestered in the IGF/Igfbp5a complex. Forced release of IGFs from the complex was sufficient to activate the IGF-Akt-Tor signaling and promote ionocyte reactivation. These findings suggest that Papp-aa functions as a [Ca 2+ ]-regulated molecular switch linking IGF signaling to adaptive epithelial growth and bone calcification.
Generation and Application of Bessel Beams in Electron Microscopy (2015)

We report a systematic treatment of the holographic generation of electron Bessel beams, with a view to applications in electron microscopy. We describe in detail the theory underlying hologram patterning, as well as the actual electro-optical configuration used experimentally. We show that by optimizing our nanofabrication recipe, electron Bessel beams can be generated with efficiencies reaching $37 \pm 3\%$. We also demonstrate by tuning various hologram parameters that electron Bessel beams can be produced with many visible rings, making them ideal for interferometric applications, or in more highly localized forms with fewer rings, more suitable for imaging. We describe the settings required to tune beam localization in this way, and explore beam and hologram configurations that allow the convergences and topological charges of electron Bessel beams to be controlled. We also characterize the phase structure of the Bessel beams generated with our technique, using a simulation procedure that accounts for imperfections in the hologram manufacturing process. Finally, we discuss a specific potential application of electron Bessel beams in scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Effects of Dietary Protein Intake on Cutaneous and Systemic Inflammation in Mice with Acute Experimental Psoriasis (2021)

Different dietary protein levels had no striking effect on IMQ-induced psoriasis but aggravated the systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype.
Volatile compounds found in expired air during eating of fresh tomatoes and in the headspace above tomatoes (1994)

Abstract Volatile compounds from tomatoes were measured in the headspace above tomatoes and in the air expired from the noses of people eating tomatoes (nosespace). Eleven target compounds, representative of the different metabolic pathways that contribute to tomato aroma were chosen for analysis. The procedure consisted of trapping volumes of headspace or nosespace on Tenax, desorbing and chromatographing the samples on gas chromatographs and quantification by integration of characteristic ion chromatograms. Small volumes (8.5 cm 3 ) of headspace were used to develop the method which was then applied to study potential sources of variation in the raw material and in the sampling procedure. The variation in headspace profiles, with time after dicing tomatoes, and with tissue maturity, demonstrated that the amounts of some volatiles changed with time and with maturity. Sampling was therefore undertaken using batches of tomatoes with similar histories and the time of sampling was fixed. The headspace and nosespace profiles from tomatoes produced raw data with substantial variation (percentage coefficient of variation 50–60%) but this appeared to be due to different amounts of voiatiles in the replicates. When data were expressed on a relative basis by normalisation, the profiles from groups of replicates were seen to be quite similar for nine of the compounds but values for 3‐methylnitrobutane and 2‐isobutylthiazole showed considerable variation. Nosespace profiles of tomato voiatiles were broadly similar between operators when expressed on a relative basis; the actual total amounts varied considerably. The headspace profiles from diced and stomached tomatoes were comparable but distinctly different from the nosespace profile. There were differences between the headspace and nosespace profiles particularly in the amounts of 3‐methylbutanal, dimethyl disulphide and hexanal which were present to a greater extent in the headspace on a relative basis.
Unprecedented Biodegradable Cellulose-Derived Polyesters with Pendant Citronellol Moieties: From Monomer Synthesis to Enzymatic Degradation (2021)

Levoglucosenone (LGO) is a cellulose-derived molecule that is present commercially on a multi-ton/year scale. Taking advantage of the α,β-conjugated ketone of LGO, a new citronellol-containing 5-membered lactone (HBO-citro) was synthesized through a one-pot two-step pathway involving oxa-Michael addition and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. The solvent-free treatment of HBO-citro with NaBH<sub>4</sub> at room temperature led to the full reduction of the lactone moiety which gave a novel fully renewable triol monomer having a citronellol side chain (Triol-citro). Noticeably, by simply changing the reducing agent, temperature and reaction duration, the partial reduction of HBO-citro can be achieved to yield a mixture of 5- and 6-membered Lactol-citro molecules. Triol-citro was chosen to prepare functional renewable polyesters having citronellol pendant chains via polycondensation reactions with diacyl chlorides having different chain lengths. Good thermal stability (<i>T</i><sub>d5%</sub> up to 170 °C) and low glass transition temperatures (as low as -42 °C) were registered for the polyesters obtained. The polymers were then hydrolyzed using a commercial lipase from <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i> (Lipopan<sup>®</sup> 50 BG) to assess their biodegradability. A higher degradation profile was found for the polyesters prepared using co-monomers (acyl chlorides) having longer chain lengths. This is likely due to the decreased steric hindrance around the ester bonds which allowed enhanced accessibility of the enzyme.
Mycobacterium aviumGenes Associated with the Ability To Form a Biofilm (2006)

Mycobacterium avium is widely distributed in the environment, and it is chiefly found in water and soil. M. avium, as well as Mycobacterium smegmatis, has been recognized to produce a biofilm or biofilm-like structure. We screened an M. avium green fluorescent protein (GFP) promoter library in M. smegmatis for genes involved in biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates. Clones associated with increased GFP expression > or =2.0-fold over the baseline were sequenced. Seventeen genes, most encoding proteins of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and GDP-mannose and fatty acid biosynthesis, were identified. Their regulation in M. avium was confirmed by examining the expression of a set of genes by real-time PCR after incubation on PVC plates. In addition, screening of 2,000 clones of a transposon mutant bank constructed using M. avium strain A5, a mycobacterial strain with the ability to produce large amounts of biofilm, revealed four mutants with an impaired ability to form biofilm. Genes interrupted by transposons were homologues of M. tuberculosis 6-oxodehydrogenase (sucA), enzymes of the TCA cycle, protein synthetase (pstB), enzymes of glycopeptidolipid (GPL) synthesis, and Rv1565c (a hypothetical membrane protein). In conclusion, it appears that GPL biosynthesis, including the GDP-mannose biosynthesis pathway, is the most important pathway involved in the production of M. avium biofilm.
Guided Wave Propagation in Gyromagnetic Media as Applied to the Theory of Exchange Spin-Wave Excitation (1968)

Source-excited propagation in a narrow, lossless, ferrite-filled parallel-plate waveguide is analyzed. The effect of an inhomogeneous bias field is considered. A new, linear theory of exchange spin-wave excitation is presented, and its relation to the theory of Schlömann is discussed. Several previously unpublished aspects of the dispersion relation and the solution of a corresponding fourth-order partial differential equation are presented.
Frequent LOH at Chromosome 12q22‐23 and Apaf‐1 Inactivation in Glioblastoma (2003)

Glioblastoma (GB) often has loss of heterozygosity on the chromosomes, 1p, 10p, 10q, 11p, 17p, 19q, 22q, and several others. In the case of chromosome 12q, however, it remains to be seen whether LOH occurs. Apaf-1, the apoptotic protease activating factor-1, located at chromosome 12q22-23, is a major effecter of the p53 mediated apoptosis pathway, and Apaf-1 inactivation due to chromosome 12q22-23 LOH and hypermethylation may be involved in some of the neoplasms in malignancy. However, little is known about the frequency of the 12q22-23 LOH or the state of Apaf-1 in GB. To elucidate their involvement in GB, we analyzed a series of 33 GBs for chromosome 12q22-23 LOH, Apaf-1 mRNA expression, and Apaf-1 protein expression, using microsatellite analysis, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, respectively. We also evaluated if and how the 12q22-23 LOH correlated with the p53 gene mutation and EGFR gene amplification. Chromosome 12q22-23 LOH was detected in 14 (42%) of 33 cases. Among the examined cases with LOH at 12q22-23, a low expression of Apaf-1 mRNA was detected in 9 (69%) of 13 cases, and a low expression of Apaf-1 protein was detected in 12 (86%) of 14 cases. The 12q22-23 LOH was significantly correlated with low expression of mRNA and protein (p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively). The p53 gene mutation and EGFR gene amplification were found in 13 cases (39%) and 8 cases (24%), respectively, and these gene alterations were inversely correlated. However, 12q22-23 LOH had no correlations with the p53 gene mutation or EGFR gene amplification. Six of 9 GBs (67%) with neither p53 gene mutation nor EGFR gene amplification tested positive for 12q22-23 LOH. These GBs are likely to belong to another subset independent from the 2 common genetic subsets in GB (one with p53 gene mutation and without EGFR gene amplification, and the other with EGFR gene amplification and without p53 gene mutation). Twenty-three (70%) out of the 33 GBs with the 12q22-23 LOH also tested positive for Apaf-1 inactivation or p53 gene mutation. This high frequency of alterations in the apoptosis-associated factors prompts a speculation that abrogation of the Apaf-1 and p53 mediated apoptosis pathway may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of GB.
Nutraceutical with Resveratrol and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induces Autophagy in ARPE-19 Cells (2016)

Impaired autophagic and proteasomal cleansing have been documented in aged retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Omega-3 fatty acids and resveratrol have many positive homeostatic effects in RPE cells. In this work, ARPE-19 cells were treated with 288 ng of Resvega, containing 30 mg of trans resveratrol and 665 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, among other nutrients, with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 or autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 up to 48 h. Autophagy markers p62/SQSTM1 (p62) and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) were analyzed by Western blotting. Fluorescence microscopy with mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid was applied to study the autophagy flux, and cytoprotective effects were investigated with colorimetric MTT and LDH assays. Resvega induced autophagy by showing increased autolysosome formation and autophagy flux, and the change in the p62 and LC3 protein levels further confirmed the fluorescent microscopy results. Moreover, Resvega provided a clear cytoprotection under proteasome inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of the nutraceuticals containing resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients in the prevention of ARPE-19 cell damage.
A Market-Based Approach to Optimal Resource Allocation in Integrated-Services Connection-Oriented Networks (2002)

We present an approach to the admission control and resource allocation problem in connection-oriented networks that offer multiple services to users. users' preferences are summarized by means of their utility functions, and each user is allowed to request more than one type of service. Multiple types of resources are allocated at each link along the path of a connection. We assume that the relation between Quality of Service (QoS) and resource allocation is given, and we incorporate it as a constraint into a static optimization problem. The objective of the optimization problem is to determine the amount of and required resources for each type of service to maximize the sum of the users' utilities. We prove the existence of a solution of the optimization problem and describe a competitive market economy that implements the solution and satisfies the informational constraints imposed by the nature of the decentralized resource allocation problem. The economy consists of four different types of agents: resource providers, service providers, users, and an auctioneer that regulates the prices based on the observed aggregate excess demand. The goods that are sold are: (i) the resources at each link of the network, and (ii) services constructed from these resources and then delivered to users. We specify an iterative procedure that is used by the auctioneer to update the prices, and we show that it leads to an allocation that is arbitrarily close to a solution of the optimization problem in a finite number of iterations.
THE TAUTOMERISM OF 2-NITRAMINOPYRIDINES (1953)

The nitration of 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids gives 4,6-dimethyl-2-nitramino-5-nitropyridine (III). 2-Nitraminopyridine (I), 4-methyl-2-nitraminopyridine (II), and (III) produce with diazomethane methyl derivatives of their tautomeric nitramino and nitrimino forms. Diazoethane gives with (I) both the expected ethyl derivatives. However, from (II) only the ethyl derivative of the nitramino form has been obtained. Diazopropane produces with (I) or (II) the propyl derivatives of the nitramino forms only. The resonance structures of the two tautomeric forms of 2-nitraminopyridine have been advanced.
Variation in Planned Resection of CAM FAI Based on Surgeon Experience (2015)

Introduction . Currently, there are no definitive guidelines for the resection of a cam lesion. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors indicating the potential differences in low and high volume hip arthroscopists in marking the area of resection in cam lesions using X-rays for preoperative planning. Methods . Thirty-nine surgeons with varying levels of hip arthroscopy experience participated in the study. Surgeons filled out a survey and traced the area of optimal resection on radiographs with varying amounts of cam FAI. Participants were grouped by number of hip arthroscopies performed, years of surgical experience, and number of surgeries performed. Results . Surgeons who perform osteoplasty as a high percentage of their total hip surgeries per year correlate to the total number of hip arthroscopies performed per year (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.412</mml:mn></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) and number of years of experience (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.72</mml:mn></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>). Surgeons performing greater than 50 cases per year traced a larger resection area for 3 different patients’ radiographs as compared to those performing less than 50 cases per year (117%, 143%, and 173%, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). Conclusions . This study demonstrates that surgeons with less experience (decreased number of years operating and total number of surgeries) plan for resecting less cam than do experienced surgeons.