gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A protease additive increases fermentation of alfalfa diets by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro1 (2008)

In vitro experiments were conducted to examine the characteristics and mode of action of a protease that increased the ruminal fiber digestibility of alfalfa hay. A commercial source of protease (Protex 6L, Genencor Int., Rochester, NY), already characterized for its main activities, was further analyzed to determine protease activity in response to pH, molecular size by SDS-PAGE, specificity to degrade model or feed substrates, response to autoclaving, and action of specific protease inhibitors in the absence or presence of ruminal fluid. In addition, batch culture in vitro incubations in buffered ruminal fluid were conducted to compare the enzyme product with purified protease sources, and dose-response studies (0 to 10 microL/g of forage DM) were carried out using alfalfa hay as a substrate. The enzyme product was shown to be an alkaline protease (optimum pH >8.5) of approximately 30 kDa. Specificity in the absence of ruminal fluid showed that the enzyme was active against gelatin and casein to the same extent, whereas it had limited (21% of the total) activity on BSA. In the presence of ruminal fluid and with the use of feed substrates, the protease increased (P < 0.05) 22-h IVDMD (%) of alfalfa hay, fresh corn silage, dry-rolled corn, and a total mixed ration composed of the 3 ingredients (39.5 vs. 44.7; 50.3 vs. 54.5; 63.8 vs. 68.4; and 55.4 vs. 56.4 for control vs. protease for each feed, respectively). Inhibitor studies in the absence of ruminal fluid indicated that the enzyme was inhibited most by a serine protease inhibitor but not by cysteine- or metalloprotease inhibitors (10 vs. 1.9 and 0.1%, respectively). In the presence of ruminal fluid, the serine protease inhibitor reversed (P < 0.05) the increase in alfalfa IVDMD achieved by the enzyme product, such that IVDMD was similar to that of the control treatment. Comparisons among different proteases revealed that only pure subtilisin achieved increases in IVDMD that were similar to those with protease, suggesting the serine protease was subtilisin-like (EC 3.4.1.62). Dose-response studies using alfalfa hay as substrate showed quadratic responses in IVDMD, NDF digestion, and hemicellulose and protein disappearance. It is postulated that this enzyme acts by removing structural proteins in the cell wall, allowing ruminal microbes to gain faster access to digestible substrates.
Adaptive Network Coding for Wireless Access Networks (2010)

We propose a framework for optimizing the quality of service of multiple simultaneous flows in wireless access networks via network coding. Specifically, we consider the typical scenario in which multiple flows originate from multiple sources in the Internet and terminate at multiple users in a wireless network. In the current infrastructure, the wireless base station is responsible for relaying the packets from the Internet to the wireless users without any modification to the packet content. On the other hand, in the proposed approach, the wireless base station is allowed to perform network coding by appropriate linear mixing and channel coding of packets from different incoming flows before broadcasting a single flow of mixed or coded packets to all wireless users. Each user then uses an appropriate decoding method to recover its own packets from the set of coded packets that it receives. We show that in principle, for the given channel conditions and QoS requirements, appropriate mixing and channel coding of packets across different flows can lead to substantial quality improvement for both real-time and non-real time flows. On the other hand, blind mixing can be detrimental. We formulate this mixing problem as a combinatorial optimization problem, and propose a heuristic algorithm based on simulated-annealing method to approximate the optimal solution. Simulation results verify the performance improvement resulting from the proposed approach over the non-network coding and the state-of-the-art network coding approaches.
Natural Convection at Microelectrodes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNatural Convection at MicroelectrodesXiaoping. Gao, Jeonghee. Lee, and Henry S. WhiteCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 9, 1541–1545Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00105a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00105a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views439Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hafnium binary alloys from experiments and first principles (2009)

Despite the increasing importance of hafnium in numerous technological applications, experimental and computational data on its binary alloys is sparse. In particular, data is scant on those binary systems believed to be phase separating. We performed a comprehensive study of 44 hafnium binary systems with alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals and metals, using high-throughput first principles calculations. These computations predict novel unsuspected compounds in six binary systems previously believed to be phase separating They also predict a few unreported compounds in additional systems and indicate that some reported compounds may actually be unstable at low temperatures. We report the results for the following systems: AgHf, AlHf, AuHf, BaHf*, BeHf, BiHf, CaHf*, CdHf, CoHf, CrHf, CuHf, FeHf, GaHf, HfHg, HfIn, HfIr, HfK*, HfLa*, HfLi*, HfMg, HfMn, HfMo, HfNa*, HfNb*, HfNi, HfOs, HfPb, HfPd, HfPt, HfRe, HfRh, HfRu, HfSc, HfSn, HfSr*, HfTa*, HfTc, HfTi, HfTl, HfV*, HfW, HfY*, HfZn, and HfZr. (* = systems in which the ab initio method predicts that no compounds are stable).
HUB-DOMINATED AIRPORTS: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHALLENGER STRATEGIES (1991)

Airports dominated by one airline are increasingly common in the U.S. This research addresses the management question of how challenging airlines can successfully compete at these fortress hubs. A regression model is constructed which identified route selection and operating strategies associated with superior performance on competitor routes from dominated hubs. This model produces significant results which contribute to the important issue of competition at dominated hub airports.
Melting of Duplex DNA in the Absence of ATP by the NS3 Helicase Domain through Specific Interaction with a Single-Strand/Double-Strand Junction (2015)

Helicases unwind double-stranded nucleic acids, remove secondary structures from single-stranded nucleic acids, and remove proteins bound to nucleic acids. For many helicases, the mechanisms for these different functions share the ability to translocate with a directional bias as a result of ATP binding and hydrolysis. Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is an essential enzyme expressed by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is known to catalyze the unwinding of both DNA and RNA substrates in a 3'-to-5' direction. We investigated the role of nucleic acid binding in the unwinding mechanism by examining ATP-independent unwinding. We observed that even in the absence of ATP, the NS3 helicase domain (NS3h) unwound duplexes only when they contained a 3'-tail (i.e., 3'-to-5' directionality). Blunt-ended duplexes and 5'-tailed duplexes were not melted even in the presence of a large excess concentration of the protein. NS3h was found to diffuse rapidly along single-stranded DNA at a rate of 30 nucleotides(2) s(-1). Upon encountering an appropriate single-strand/double-strand (ss/ds) junction, NS3h slowly melted the duplex under conditions with an excess protein concentration relative to DNA concentration. When a biotin-streptavidin block was placed into the ssDNA region, no melting of DNA was observed, suggesting that NS3h must diffuse along the ssDNA, and that the streptavidin blocked the diffusion. We conclude that the specific interaction between NS3h and the ss/dsDNA junction, coupled with diffusion, allows binding energy to melt duplex DNA with a directional bias. Alternatively, we found that the full-length NS3 protein did not exhibit strict directionality and was dependent on duplex DNA length. NS3 was able to unwind the duplex even in the presence of the biotin-streptavidin block. We propose a noncanonical model of unwinding for NS3 in which the enzyme binds directly to the duplex via protein-protein interactions to melt the substrate.
Electric locomotives of the British Railways (1950)

The paper gives a general description of electric locomotives built for service on British Railways, but assumes that the usual system of series-parallel contactor control of traction motors, with field weakening by diversion or tap, issufficiently well known to need no detailed description here. The locomotives described are all d.c. machines and operate either at 630–660 volts or at 1,500 volts. Interesting features of the various designs are described, some operatingresults are shown, and there is a note on the bogie arrangements on the Eastern Region and Southern Region locomotives. Inview of their unorthodox control system, the Southern Region locomotives have been given special attention, and mention is made of the work now in hand for future locomotive designs on this Region.
Impact of radiocontrast use during left ventricular pacemaker lead implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy (2011)

Risk of CIN with CRT implantations was substantial. Increased volume of radiocontrast used for LV lead placement was associated with substantially increased risk of CIN. Minimal contrast use was associated with decreased procedural times without adverse impact on adequacy of lead placement.
Identification of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 as an Antiviral Molecule during Sindbis Virus Infection In Vivo (2005)

The innate immune response, and in particular the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) system, plays a critical role in the control of viral infections. Interferons alpha and beta exert their antiviral effects through the induction of hundreds of interferon-induced (or -stimulated) genes (ISGs). While several of these ISGs have characterized antiviral functions, their actions alone do not explain all of the effects mediated by IFN-alpha/beta. To identify additional IFN-induced antiviral molecules, we utilized a recombinant chimeric Sindbis virus to express selected ISGs in IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/betaR)(-/-) mice and looked for attenuation of Sindbis virus infection. Using this approach, we identified a ubiquitin homolog, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), as having antiviral activity. ISG15 expression protected against Sindbis virus-induced lethality and decreased Sindbis virus replication in multiple organs without inhibiting the spread of virus throughout the host. We establish that, much like ubiquitin, ISG15 requires its C-terminal LRLRGG motif to form intracellular conjugates. Finally, we demonstrate that ISG15's LRLRGG motif is also required for its antiviral activity. We conclude that ISG15 can be directly antiviral.
Abstract #LB-146: Scaffold attachment factor-1 (SAFB1) is a critical regulator of immune system (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Introduction: During the past decade, much insight has been gained regarding the mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between immune cells and tumor progression. A growing body of literature has emerged demonstrating that leukocytes functionally contribute to the development of most human solid tumors. SAFB1 is a matrix binding protein and a known ER\#945; co-repressor. Estrogens increase aspects of innate immunity and contributeto sex differences in the prevalence of autoimmune diseasesand in response to infection. Thus in the present study we evaluated the role of SAFB1 in immune system. Methods: 1) Phenotypic, histological and haemopoietic evaluation of SAFB1 knock out mouse, 2) microarray analysis of MCF7 breast cancer cell line in the presence and absence of SAFB1, 3) SAFB1 ChIP-on-chip analysis of MCF7 cells, 4) analysis of IFN\#947; response to target genes in MCF7 and HT1080 fibrosacroma cell lines in the presence and absence of SAFB1, and 5) protein-protein interaction studies to understand SAFB1 interaction with JAK-STAT pathway. Results: Severe immune system defects were evident with SAFB1 null mice. Reduction of T cell in SAFB1 null mice was also consistently observed in their spleens. We have also observed a maturational block at double positive (DP) stage in thymocyte differentiation with an increase in T cell DP population in SAFB1 null mice. Since the double-positive cells are matured by positive selection with MHC class 1 and class II proteins, we analyzed the role of SAFB1 in the regulation of MHC cluster. Microarray analysis of MCF7 cells showed a significant alteration in several immune genes including induction of MHC class I and class II genes with the loss of SAFB1. This observation was further confirmed by qPCR analysis in MCF7 and HT1080 cell lines after treating with IFN\#947;. ChIP-on-chip analysis suggest that SAFB1 binds to the promoter regions of several MHC class I and class II genes including HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-DRA, HLA-DMA and HLA-DPB1. This suggests that SAFB1 binds and regulate MHC loci. Co-immunoprecipitation studies suggest that SAFB1 directly interact with other MHC regulatory proteins in the JAK-STAT pathway including STAT1 and PIAS1. Conclusion: Our current observations suggest that the potential master regulator protein SAFB1 alters the immune network including regulation of MHC proteins. This striking observation may significantly contribute to tumor immunology and immune based cancer therapy.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-146.
Optimization of Heat Transfer through Heat Carriers in Bio-H<sub>2</sub> Production Using CFD Simulation (2021)

Hydrogen (H2) is one of the most promising secondary energy resources expected to contribute to the prevention of global warming. Bio-H2, which is derived from biomass feedstock, is more environmentally friendly than hydrogen synthesized from fossil fuels. In our indirect thermochemical processes with solid-gas reactions, the effective heat transfer, which is accomplished by circulation of alumina balls acting as heat carriers (HCs), is a critical issue, and it is necessary to achieve circulation of the heat transfer medium that maximizes production efficiency. In this study, the heat transfer performance of a small-scale indirect biomass gasification process to be promoted in the near future was investigated, focusing on heating of HCs using high-temperature gas to achieve optimum heat utilization in the preheating reactor. To continuously pyrolyze cedar feedstock in the subsequent pyrolysis reactor, HCs must be heated to the desired temperature in the preheater within a residence time. Even if high-temperature gas with sufficient calorific value flows into the preheater, if the heat transfer is not completed within the residence time, the HCs will not be heated to the target temperature and the sensible heat is discharged as tail gas. Therefore, we evaluated the operating conditions that promote the heat transfer during the residence time, focusing on the hot flue gas conditions.
Uncommonly High Levels of 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins and Antioxidant Capacity in the Leaf Sheaths of Dye Sorghum (2011)

Extracts from leaf sheaths of farmers' varieties of dye sorghum cultivated and used in Benin as a source of biocolorings were analyzed for their anthocyanidin and phenolic contents, as well as their antioxidant capacity. The aim was to identify and quantify the types of anthocyanin and phenolic acids. The total anthocyanin content of the leaf sheaths ranged from 13.7 to 35.5 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent/g of dry matter (DM), with an average of 27.0 mg/g. The total anthocyanin content is 90 times higher than levels usually reported in fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanin consisted essentially of apigeninidin and luteolinidin, two 3-deoxyanthocyanidins with many applications in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. The apigeninidin content of the leaf sheaths was 30 times higher than that in cereal bran and ranged from 14.7 to 45.8 mg/g, with an average of 31.3 mg/g. The amount of luteolinidin ranged from 0.4 to 2.4 mg/g, with a mean of 1.2 mg/g. The total phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalent averaged 95.5 mg/g. The free phenolic acids identified were benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and o-coumaric acid at amounts of 801.4, 681.6, and 67.9 μg/g, respectively. The leaf sheaths of dye sorghum have an antioxidant capacity [3.8-5.6 mmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/g of DM] much higher than that reported for cereal bran and fruits and vegetables.
Coagulopathy of sepsis (2004)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common phenomenon in patients with sepsis, but the clinical implications of this condition are not clear. Clinical trials with coagulation inhibitors have failed to show a significant benefit concerning survival. DIC is primarily a laboratory diagnosis, based on the combination of elevated fibrin-related markers (FRM), with decreased procoagulant factors and platelets. Non-overt DIC is observed in most patients with sepsis, whereas overt DIC is less frequent. Patients with overt DIC may display consumption coagulopathy and purpura fulminans. Consumption coagulopathy is a bleeding disorder caused by low levels of platelets and procoagulant factors associated with massive coagulation activation. Purpura fulminans is caused by widespread microvascular thrombosis, resulting in tissue necrosis. Treatment with drotrecogin alfa (activated) improves survival and other outcome parameters in severe sepsis, including a subgroup of patients fulfilling the laboratory criteria of overt DIC. No randomized trials demonstrating effective therapies in consumption coagulopathy have been published. Bleeding patients with consumption coagulopathy are most frequently treated with platelet transfusions and various plasma products including fresh frozen plasma and coagulation factor concentrates. Based on case reports, treatment with drotrecogin alfa (activated) or substitution of protein C have been recommended for adjuvant treatment of sepsis-related purpura fulminans.
High level synthesis with testability constraints (1994)

In this paper, a new approach to high-level synthesis testability evaluation is introduced. This approach consists of two phases: abstraction and propagation. In the abstraction phase, the function's primitive testability measures are abstracted from their oBDD representation. Then, the testability measure is propagated to evaluate data path testability and used in the synthesis for testability process. The choice of a testable design and the modification of a data flow during or after the scheduling and allocation phases are shown to be efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Distribution of take-home opioid antagonist kits during a synthetic opioid epidemic in British Columbia, Canada: a modelling study (2018)

Canadian Institutes of Health Research Partnerships for Health Systems Improvement programme (grant 318068) and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant 04611).
THE USE OF THE MONDRIAN OLAP SERVER IN A SUGAR CANE HARVESTING PLANNING SYSTEM (2010)

Due to the large volume of information currently stored in the databases, more and more companies are making use of the data warehouse (DW) approach as an efficient way of storing and retrieving information in order to support strategic decisions. This paper presents the use of the Mondrian OLAP server in a sugar cane harvesting planning system. Mondrian is an OLAP server written in Java which enables anyone to interactively analyze very large datasets stored in SQL databases without writing SQL queries. The paper covers the use of this technology in a data warehouse built from information of a database implemented in PlanCol which is a strategic information system that among other features implements the management and planning of sugar cane harvesting.
Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controllers to Improve Dynamic Voltage Stability Using Power System Variable Based Voltage Stability Indices (2015)

This study examines a new approach to selecting the locations of unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) in power system networks based on a dynamic analysis of voltage stability. Power system voltage stability indices (VSIs) including the line stability index (LQP), the voltage collapse proximity indicator (VCPI), and the line stability index (Lmn) are employed to identify the most suitable locations in the system for UPFCs. In this study, the locations of the UPFCs are identified by dynamically varying the loads across all of the load buses to represent actual power system conditions. Simulations were conducted in a power system computer-aided design (PSCAD) software using the IEEE 14-bus and 39- bus benchmark power system models. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. When the UPFCs are placed in the locations obtained with the new approach, the voltage stability improves. A comparison of the steady-state VSIs resulting from the UPFCs placed in the locations obtained with the new approach and with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), which are static methods, is presented. In all cases, the UPFC locations given by the proposed approach result in better voltage stability than those obtained with the other approaches.
Thermal evaluation of a PowerPC 6201 microprocessor in a multiprocessor computer (1996)

Passive heat sinks for cooling the PowerPC 620 microprocessor in a multiprocessor computer system were analyzed. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to determine the airflow and air temperatures at the system and board levels. A heat sink was chosen based on estimated thermal requirements and then characterized experimentally under similar flow and geometry conditions found in the system. Data from the simulation and experiments was then combined to calculate junction temperature. Results show the microprocessor junction temperature can be maintained below 85/spl deg/C for a 25 W heat dissipation and 101/spl deg/C for a 30 W heat dissipation.