gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P-Selectin–Coated Microtube for Enrichment of CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow (2007)

P-selectin can be used in a compact flow device to capture HSPCs. Selectin-mediated capture of CD34+ HSPCs resulted in enrichment approximately 8-fold higher than the CD34+ cell population from bone marrow MNCs. This study supports the hypothesis that flow-based, adhesion molecule-mediated capture may be a viable alternative approach to the capture and purification of HSPCs.
Site-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition on Rutile TiO2: Selective Hydration as a Route to Target Point Defects (2023)

Routes to area- and especially site-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) remain an enticing challenge in precision surface science, despite the potentially game-changing capability for many energy applications. An unparalleled level of surface reaction control is required to direct ALD to select sites on the same nominal material, for example, targeted growth on distinct phases, facets, step-edges, and/or defects. However, as a sequential surface synthesis method, ALD is uniquely suited to these challenges, including the possibility of selective deposition at defective surface atom arrangements. We computationally identify conditions for site-selective ALD through hydration of surface defects, including oxygen vacancies and titanium interstitials on low-index rutile TiO2 facets. First-principles computation is used to predict, as a function of temperature, the hydroxylation of defects that are targeted by proton-exchange-mediated ALD processes. In situ ellipsometric measurements of ALD Al2O3 nucleation on TiO2 (110) single crystals prepared with and without abundant oxygen vacancies demonstrate striking contrast, corroborating computational predictions and revealing a mechanistically clear path to site-selective ALD.
Photolabile Peptide Nucleic Acid Monomers: Synthesis and Photodeprotection (2006)

The photolabile 2-(2-nitrophenyl)propyloxy carbonyl (NPPOC) group has been introduced as an amino protecting group for peptide nucleic acids (PNA) to be used as building blocks in photolithographic solid-phase PNA synthesis. NPPOC-protected PNA derivatives undergo fast light-promoted deprotection with high per step coupling efficiency.
A New High Resolution Field Emission SEM with Variable Pressure Capabilities (2001)

Abstract To examine non conductive samples in their natural state (i.e. without significant sample preparation) at high resolution in the SEM the technique of low voltage field emission scanning electron microscopy (LVFESEM) is used. Due to the limitation in accelerating voltage (U&amp;lt;1kV) this technique is limited in respect of chemical analysis. Furthermore it is not possible to examine humid and outgassing samples in high vacuum. in recent years the application of variable pressure scanning electron microscopes (VPSEM) became an important technique in materials science as well as in life science. Due to the capability of maintaining a high chamber pressure humid, outgassing and non-conductive samples, can be examined in their natural state without significant sample modification or preparation. Especially compound materials with different electron yields can be imaged without any charging effects (Fig. 2), [2]. This paper describes a high resolution field emission electron microscope, that combines low voltage and variable pressure capabilities. The high pressure capabilities of the instrument are realized by eliminating the high vacuum requirements of SEM in the microscope chamber. This is done by separating the vacuum environment in the chamber from the ultra high vacuum environment in the gun area.
Of Nests and Trees: A Unified Approach to Processing Queries That Contain Nested Subqueries, Aggregates, and Quantifiers (1987)

Existing query optimizers focus on Restrict-Project-Join queries. In practice, however, query languages such as SQL and DAPLEX have many powerful features (eg., control over duplicates, nested subqueries, grouping, aggregates, and quantifiers) that are not expressible as sequences of Restrict, Project, and Join operations. Existing optimizers are severely limited in their strategies for processing such queries; typically they use only tuple substitution, and process nested subquery blocks top down. Tuple substitution, however, is generally inefficient and especially so when the database is distributed. Hence, it is imperative to develop alternative strategies. This paper introduces new operations for these difficult features, and describes implementation methods for them. From the algebraic properties of these operations, new query processing tactics are derived. It is shown how these new tactics can be deployed to greatly increase the space of interesting strategies for optimisa tion, without seriously altering the architecture of existing optimisers. The contribution of the paper is in demonstrating the feasibility and desirability of developing an integrated framework for optimising all of SQL or other query languages that have similiar features.
Low ON-Resistance (2.5 mΩ · cm2) Vertical-Type 2-D Hole Gas Diamond MOSFETs With Trench Gate Structure (2021)

Diamonds are highly favored materials in high-temperature and high-power operations owing to their excellent characteristics, and diamond p-channel field-effect transistors (p-FETs) considerably aid in the improvement of CMOS technology, providing high performance, which is essential for inverter operations. This study demonstrates a low ON-resistance (001) vertical-type two-dimensional hole gas (2-DHG) diamond metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a trench gate structure. The active area of the device reduced after introducing a trench gate structure that can significantly improve the device integration and high-current operation. The maximum drain current density ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text{D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) exceeds 20 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{DS}} = -50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{GS}} = -20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, which is the highest value obtained for (001) vertical-type diamond MOSFETs. This vertical-type diamond trench MOSFET can obtain the lowest ON-resistance ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{\scriptstyle{ON}}}\text{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 2.5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text{cm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , which is comparable to that of SiC and GaN vertical-type n-channel FETs (n-FETs). It can be potentially used as a p-channel power FET in a complementary inverter. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the trench contact depth to the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> diamond substrate significantly impacts the static characteristics of a device using the ATLAS device simulation. This result significantly contributes to the improvement of the rising drain current in the low-voltage region of the vertical-type diamond FET, which can be used in the future as p-channel power devices for the next generation of complementary inverters using GaN or SiC MOSFETs as n-channels.
All-Microwave Control and Dispersive Readout of Gate-Defined Quantum Dot Qubits in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics (2019)

Developing fast and accurate control and readout techniques is an important challenge in quantum information processing with semiconductor qubits. Here, we study the dynamics and the coherence properties of a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum dot charge qubit strongly coupled to a frequency-tunable high-impedance resonator. We drive qubit transitions with synthesized microwave pulses and perform qubit readout through the state-dependent frequency shift imparted by the qubit on the dispersively coupled resonator. We perform Rabi oscillation, Ramsey fringe, energy relaxation, and Hahn-echo measurements and find significantly reduced decoherence rates down to γ_{2}/2π∼3 MHz corresponding to coherence times of up to T_{2}∼50 ns for charge states in gate-defined quantum dot qubits. We realize Rabi π pulses of width down to σ∼0.25 ns.
New Functional Polymer Materials via Click Chemistry-Based Modification of Cellulose Acetate (2023)

Cellulose acetate (CA) was partially acrylated, and the resulting cellulose acetate acrylate (acryl-substitution degree of 0.2) underwent quantitative thio-Michael click reactions with various thiols. A toolbox of functional CA polymers was obtained in this way, and their properties were studied. The modification with fatty alkyl thiols led to hydrophobic materials with large water drop contact angles. Octadecylthio-, butoxycarbonylpropylthio-, and furanylthio-modifications formed highly transparent materials. The new derivative CAASFur disintegrated completely under industrial composting conditions. Films of modified CA polymers were cast and investigated in terms of barrier properties. The nanocomposite of CAAS18 compounded with a synthetic layered silicate (hectorite) of a large aspect ratio showed permeabilities as low as 0.09 g mm m–2 day–1 for water vapor and 0.16 cm3 mm m–2 day–1 atm–1 for oxygen. This portfolio of functional CA polymers opens the door to new applications.
Outcome of orbital decompression for disfiguring proptosis in patients with Graves' orbitopathy using various surgical procedures (2008)

In Europe, a wide range of surgical approaches is used to reduce disfiguring proptosis in patients with GO. The extent of proptosis reduction depends on the number of walls removed and whether or not fat is removed. Serious complications are infrequent. Worsening of ocular motility is still a major complication, but was rare in this series after the swinging eyelid approach.
Investigation of the Etiology of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography and Indocyanine Green Angiography (2016)

In CSC patients, we detected abnormal hypofluorescence on ICGA in the late phase, which corresponded to abnormal hyperreflective areas from BrM to the choriocapillaris level in en-face images.
LACTOSE HYDROLYSIS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS BY BOUND FUNGAL BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (1973)

The β-galactosidase of Aspergillus niger was immobilized by glutaraldehyde coupling to porous glass beads and the bound enzyme evaluated for its applicability to hydrolysis of lactose in milk and milk products. Lactose in sweet whey and skim milk was hydrolyzed at approximately one-third the rate in acid whey. Non-lactose solids inhibited β-galactosidase activity. Greater efficiency of lactose hydrolysis was obtained with the bound enzyme in column operations than in stirred batch reactors.
A Novel Method for the Approximation of Multiplierless Constant Matrix Vector Multiplication (2015)

Since human beings have limited perceptual abilities, in many digital signal processing (DSP) applications, e.g., image and video processing, the outputs do not need to be computed accurately. Instead, they can be approximated so that the area, delay, and/or power dissipation of the design can be reduced. This paper presents an approximation algorithm, called AURA, for the multiplierless design of the constant matrix vector multiplication (CMVM) which is a ubiquitous operation in DSP systems. AURA aims to tune the constants such that the resulting matrix leads to a CMVM design which requires the fewest adders/subtractors, satisfying the given error constraints. This paper also introduces its modified version, called AURA-DC, which can reduce the delay of the CMVM operation with a small increase in the number of adders/subtractors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms yield significant reductions in the number of adders/subtractors with respect to the original realizations without violating the error constraints, and consequently, lead to CMVM designs with less area, delay, and power dissipation. Moreover, they can generate alternative CMVM designs under different error constraints, enabling a designer to choose the one that fits best in an application.
PPPS-2013: Cold atmospheric plasma and its effects on primary human skin fibroblasts (2013)

Summary form only given. Since the discovery of the bactericidal action of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) researchers also wanted to know its effects on human cells. As there are a huge number of the different used plasma devices the results have a wide range. Several studies on wound healing and other diseases were started and had already first results. But to learn more about mechanisms which are involved and influenced, experiments have to be done in cell cultures. As most of the laboratories are working with cancer cell lines in their cell cultures it was consequential to test the effect of CAP on them. And of course there are again certain distinctions in the behaviour of for example brain tumour cells and ovarian cancer cells. There were some publications in which it is described that CAP can selectively kill cancer cells. Controls were cell lines that are declared as “normal”. But in this context “normal” means only “not cancer cells”. This cell lines are also immortalised for the convenient use in cell cultures and remain an artificial model that cannot be transferred 1:1 to real organisms. In cooperation with the department of Dermatology we were able to establish a primary culture model of human dermal fibroblast of ex vivo skin samples. This is a first step to discover the effects of CAP on cells that were not immortalised or modified otherwise. First results of the CAP treatment of ex vivo human dermal fibroblasts in the bactericidal range of CAP are presented. Cell viability and apoptosis were substance of investigation as well as cell cycle distribution and cell migration.
Distributed Adapters Pattern: A Design Pattern for Object-Oriented Distributed Applications (2002)

Factory. DAP is implemented using the Adapter, the Facade, and the Abstract Factory design patterns [4].
Why Clays Swell (2002)

The particularly difficult subject of predicting the swelling behavior of clay minerals is addressed by a combination of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo sampling techniques. The introduced algorithm essentially mimics the experimental determination of the water adsorption isotherm and quantitatively predicts clay swelling for a montmorillonite-type clay including such details as the occurrence of hydrated states and hysteresis. Furthermore, important insights into the underlying mechanism of clay swelling from the one-layer to the two-layer hydrate are derived. It turns out that, for this case, clay swelling proceeds via the migration of counterions that are initially bound to the mineral surface to the central interlayer plane where they become fully hydrated. The extent of clay swelling strongly depends on the charge locus. This information appears to be transferable to other clay types.
Creation of an Ultracold Neutral Plasma (1999)

We report the creation of an ultracold neutral plasma by photoionization of laser-cooled xenon atoms. The charge carrier density is as high as $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and the temperatures of electrons and ions are as low as 100 mK and $10\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$, respectively. Plasma behavior is evident in the trapping of electrons by the positive ion cloud when the Debye screening length becomes smaller than the size of the sample. We produce plasmas with parameters such that both electrons and ions are strongly coupled.
Notes on natural history : selected from the Microscopic cabinet (1844)

Tue following pages, part of the Microscopic Cabinet, are presented to the public, in the hope that they may prove interesting to those who do not desire to peruse the part on Practical Optics contained in that work.The reader will probably consider the Author as justified in this undertaking when informed that these Essays have been lately translated and published in France, at the expence of an eminent Artist residing there.A selection from that work has also been translated and published in Germany.At the time of the publication of the Microscopic Cabinet, little attention was paid by scientific men to microscopic pursuits :-indeed, it was then not un-* These are still included (but in a distinct order) by Cuvier.* In some of the larger species, says Swammerdam, the mandibles are perforated by an oblong hole or slit, by which they imbibe the juices of their prey.
[Role of changes in the transmembrane ion currents in pathological states of the body]. (2003)

Modern data of study of transmembrane ions currents (through the sodium-potassium- and calcium-channels) in the mechanism of pathological pain syndromes were reviewed. Tetrodotoxyn-resistant sodium currents, abnormal combinations of different types of sodium-channels during the inflammation, neuropathies (syndromes hyperalgesii and allodonii) and diabetic neuropathy analyzed. The role of pain sensitivity transmitters was demonstrated. Nerve Grow Factor plays the important role in the sodium-channels genes expression. Different types of transmembrane calcium currents participated in hyperalgesium and hypoalgesium analyzed. The summary mechanism of pain suggested as voltage-calcium-channels activation and transsynaptic NMDA receptors excitation that should be conductive the neurons hyperexcitation and force of synaptic transmission.
Effect of Bulk Viscosity and Emulsion Droplet Size on the Separation Efficiency of Model Mineral Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsions under Ultrasonic Standing Wave Fields: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation (2020)

Ultrasound standing waves can be used to separate emulsions. So far, they have been applied to oil-in-water emulsions with low continuous phase viscosity. This technique has the potential to be used for novel applications such as separating lipids from algal biomass; however, this requires the methodology to be optimized to process viscous emulsions. We have addressed this issue by studying the effects of bulk phase viscosity (1–23 mPa·s), emulsion droplet size (4.5–20 μm), power (10–54 W/L), and frequency (1 and 2 MHz) of ultrasound on the separation efficiency of model mineral oil-in-water–glycerol-mixture emulsions. For the small droplet size (4.5 μm) emulsion in water, the maximum separation achieved increased from 36 to 79% when ultrasound power increased from 10 to 54 W/L. However, for the large droplet size (11 μm) emulsion, the maximum separation was greater than 95% and was independent of ultrasound power. The maximum separation efficiency for small droplet size (4.5–6 μm) emulsions decreased from 80 to 14% when the viscosity increased from 1 to 23 mPa·s. However, for the large droplet size (11–20 μm) emulsion, the maximum separation efficiency decreased from 98 to 62% when the viscosity of the bulk phase was increased from 1 to 23 mPa·s. The experimental results were then interpreted using analytical and numerical simulations by calculating the time required for the emulsion droplets to migrate to the nearest pressure antinodal plane under the influence of ultrasound standing waves. Further experiments showed that increasing the ultrasound frequency from 1 to 2 MHz increased the maximum separation from 36 to 86% for fine emulsions and water as the continuous phase.
Learning non-visual graphical information using a touch-based vibro-audio interface (2012)

This paper evaluates an inexpensive and intuitive approach for providing non-visual access to graphic material, called a vibro-audio interface. The system works by allowing users to freely explore graphical information on the touchscreen of a commercially available tablet and synchronously triggering vibration patterns and auditory information whenever an on-screen visual element is touched. Three studies were conducted that assessed legibility and comprehension of the relative relations and global structure of a bar graph (Exp 1), Pattern recognition via a letter identification task (Exp 2), and orientation discrimination of geometric shapes (Exp 3). Performance with the touch-based device was compared to the same tasks performed using standard hardcopy tactile graphics. Results showed similar error performance between modes for all measures, indicating that the vibro-audio interface is a viable multimodal solution for providing access to dynamic visual information and supporting accurate spatial learning and the development of mental representations of graphical material.
Influence of balloon design, plaque material composition, and balloon sizing on acute post angioplasty outcomes: An implicit finite element analysis (2021)

In this work we propose a generic modeling approach for simulating percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) endovascular treatment, and evaluating the influence of balloon design, plaque composition, and balloon sizing on acute post-procedural outcomes right after PTA, without stent implantation. Clinically-used PTA balloons were classified into two categories according to their compliance characteristics, and were modeled correspondingly. Self-defined elastoplastic constitutive laws were implemented within the plaque and artery models, after calibration based on experimental and clinical data. Finite element method (FEM) implicit solver was used to simulate balloon inflation and deflation. Besides balloon profile at max inflation, results are mainly assessed in terms of the elastic recoil ratio (ERR) and lumen gain ratio (LGR) obtained immediately after PTA. No variations in ERR nor LGR values were detected when the balloon design changed, despite the differences observed in their profile at max inflation. Moreover, LGR and ERR inversely varied with the augmentation of calcification level within the plaque (-11% vs. +4% respectively, from fully lipidic to fully calcified plaque). Furthermore, results showed a direct correlation between balloon sizing and LGR and ERR, with noticeably higher rates of change for LGR (+18% and +2% for LGR and ERR respectively for a calcified plaque and a balloon pressure increasing from 10 to 14 atm). However a larger LGR comes with a higher risk of arterial rupture. This proposed methodology opens the way for evaluation of angioplasty balloon selections towards clinical procedure optimization.