gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chain-based recommendations (2019)

Recommender systems are discovery tools. Typically, they infer a user's preferences from her behaviour and make personalized suggestions. They are one response to the overwhelming choices that the Web affords its users. Recent studies have shown that a user of a recommender system is more likely to be satisfied by the recommendations if the system provides explanations that allow the user to understand their rationale, and if the system allows the user to provide feedback on the recommendations to improve the next round of recommendations so that they take account of the user's ephemeral needs. The goal of this dissertation is to introduce a new recommendation framework that offers a better user experience, while giving quality recommendations. It works on content-based principles and addresses both the issues identified in the previous paragraph, i.e.\\ explanations and recommendation feedback. We instantiate our framework to produce two recommendation engines, each focusing on one of the themes: (i) the role of explanations in producing recommendations, and (ii) helping users to articulate their ephemeral needs. For the first theme, we show how to unify recommendation and explanation to a greater degree than has been achieved hitherto. This results in an approach that enables the system to find relevant recommendations with explanations that have a high degree of both fidelity and interpretability. For the second theme, we show how to allow users to steer the recommendation process using a conversational recommender system. Our approach allows the user to reveal her short-term preferences and have them taken into account by the system and thus assists her in making a good decision efficiently. Early work on conversational recommender systems considers the case where the candidate items have structured descriptions (e.g.\\ sets of attribute-value pairs). Our new approach works in the case where items have unstructured descriptions (e.g.\\ sets of genres or tags). For each of the two themes, we describe the problem settings, the state-of-the-art, our system design and our experiment design. We evaluate each system using both offline analyses as well as user trials in a movie recommendation domain. We find that the proposed systems provide relevant recommendations that also have a high degree of serendipity, low popularity-bias and high diversity.
Evaluation of the Predictive Role of Tumor Immune Infiltrate in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy without Chemotherapy (2019)

LPBC was marginally associated with higher pCR rate than non-LPBC in patients with lapatinib plus trastuzumab treated HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer. Quantitative assessment of the immune infiltrate by m-IF is feasible and may help correlate individual immune cell subpopulations and immune cell profiles with treatment response.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Carbohydrate Dendrimers. Part 1. A Convergent Synthesis of Carbohydrate‐Containing Dendrimers. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spotlight (2014)

research-article Share on Spotlight Author: Curt M. White View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM InroadsVolume 5Issue 4December 2014 pp 17–20https://doi.org/10.1145/2684721.2684724Published:03 December 2014Publication History 1citation37DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads37Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Csr1/Zap1 Maintains Zinc Homeostasis and Influences Virulence in Candida dubliniensis but Is Not Coupled to Morphogenesis (2015)

The supply and intracellular homeostasis of trace metals are essential for every living organism. Therefore, the struggle for micronutrients between a pathogen and its host is an important determinant in the infection process. In this work, we focus on the acquisition of zinc by Candida dubliniensis, an emerging pathogen closely related to Candida albicans. We show that the transcription factor Csr1 is essential for C. dubliniensis to regulate zinc uptake mechanisms under zinc limitation: it governs the expression of the zinc transporter genes ZRT1, ZRT2, and ZRT3 and of the zincophore gene PRA1. Exclusively, artificial overexpression of ZRT2 partially rescued the growth defect of a csr1Δ/Δ mutant in a zinc-restricted environment. Importantly, we found that, in contrast to what is seen in C. albicans, Csr1 (also called Zap1) is not a major regulator of dimorphism in C. dubliniensis. However, although a csr1Δ/Δ strain showed normal germ tube formation, we detected a clear attenuation in virulence using an embryonated chicken egg infection model. We conclude that, unlike in C. albicans, Csr1 seems to be a virulence factor of C. dubliniensis that is not coupled to filamentation but is strongly linked to zinc acquisition during pathogenesis.
Internal Rotation in Molecules with Two Internal Rotors: Microwave Spectrum of Acetone (1959)

The theory of internal rotation in molecules is extended to the case of two internal symmetric rotors attached to a molecule with C2v symmetry. The calculation of the internal rotational energy levels and of the interaction with the over-all rotational energy levels is discussed both for the high barrier and the low barrier approximation. The symmetry of the Hamiltonian for a molecule with the acetone structure is considered and the selection rules and relative intensities of the various fine structure components are derived. The microwave spectra of acetone and of completely deuterated acetone have been measured and assigned. From the rotational constants, the molecular structure has been partially determined. The most probable values of the structural parameters are r0(C=O) = 1.215 A (assumed), r0(C–C) = 1.515±0.005 A, r0(C–H) = 1.086±0.010 A, ∠CCC = 116°14′±1°, and ∠HCC = 110°16′±1°. The angle between the axes of the methyl groups is approximately 3° larger than the ∠CCC. The dipole moment has been determined to be 2.90 D by a measurement of the Stark effect on the microwave transitions. Each of the rotational transitions is split into a number of components by the internal rotation. From an analysis of these patterns the barrier height to internal rotation is found to be 274 cm—1 for (CH3)2CO and 258 cm—1 for (CD3)2CO. The difference in the two calculated barrier heights and the errors in the method are discussed.
Functional Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Using Whole-Heart Dynamic Computed Tomographic Perfusion (2016)

A new FPA-based dynamic CT perfusion technique was validated in a swine animal model. The results indicate that the FPA technique can potentially be used for improved anatomical and functional assessment of coronary artery disease at a relatively low radiation dose.
Extracting logical hierarchical structure of HTML documents based on headings (2015)

We propose a method for extracting logical hierarchical structure of HTML documents. Because mark-up structure in HTML documents does not necessarily coincide with logical hierarchical structure, it is not trivial how to extract logical structure of HTML documents. Human readers, however, easily understand their logical structure. The key information used by them is headings in the documents. Human readers exploit the following properties of headings: (1) headings appear at the beginning of the corresponding blocks, (2) headings are given prominent visual styles, (3) headings of the same level share the same visual style, and (4) headings of higher levels are given more prominent visual styles. Our method also exploits these properties for extracting hierarchical headings and their associated blocks. Our experiment shows that our method outperforms existing methods. In addition, our method extracts not only hierarchical blocks but also their associated headings.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Better than RECIST and Faster than iRECIST: Defining the Immunotherapy Progression Decision Score to Better Manage Progressive Tumors on Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Radiological feature impact on survival. Radiological features include progression of target lesions &gt; 20%, progression of non-target lesions &gt; 50% and the emergence of new lesions.&lt;/p&gt;
Codes for Asymmetric Limited-Magnitude Errors With Application to Multilevel Flash Memories (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Several physical effects that limit the reliability and performance of multilevel flash memories induce errors that have low magnitudes and are dominantly asymmetric. This paper studies block codes for asymmetric limited-magnitude errors over <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula></emphasis>-ary channels. We propose code constructions and bounds for such channels when the number of errors is bounded by <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$t$</tex></formula></emphasis> and the error magnitudes are bounded by <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\ell $</tex></formula></emphasis>. The constructions utilize known codes for symmetric errors, over small alphabets, to protect large-alphabet symbols from asymmetric limited-magnitude errors. The encoding and decoding of these codes are performed over the small alphabet whose size depends only on the maximum error magnitude and is independent of the alphabet size of the outer code. Moreover, the size of the codes is shown to exceed the sizes of known codes (for related error models), and asymptotic rate-optimality results are proved. Extensions of the construction are proposed to accommodate variations on the error model and to include systematic codes as a benefit to practical implementation. </para>
Gangrene and Severe Ischemia of the Lower Extremities (1980)

The title of this book defines the primary indications for peripheral reconstruction in the extremities: gangrene and severe ischemia. It represents material presented at a vascular surgical symposium held at Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, in 1978. As such, it shows the advantages of having multiple authors, each an eloquent authority in the area to which he has been assigned. A variety of critically important aspects of ischemia is thus well presented. Three authors present their concepts of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis without rehashing the controversial details of lipid metabolism. Evaluation of the patient by angiographic methods is matched by excellent presentations on noninvasive methods carried out before, during, and after operation. Lumbar sympathectomy is discussed dispassionately and fairly, but it is the only conservative therapeutic modality given much space. The results of a variety of surgical combinations and techniques are presented in detail, but if the reader were seeking
E-WE thrombin, a protein C activator, reduces disease severity and spinal cord inflammation in relapsing-remitting murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2023)

The data presented herein demonstrate that E-WE thrombin is protective in mice with relapsing-remitting EAE, a widely used model of MS. Our data indicate that E-WE thrombin is as effective as high-dose methylprednisolone in improving disease score and may exert additional benefit when administered in combination. Taken together, these data suggest that E-WE thrombin may be an effective alternative to high-dose methylprednisolone for managing acute MS attacks.
Digital in-line holography: 4-D imaging and tracking of micro-structures and organisms in microfluidics and biology (2006)

In recent years, in-line holography as originally proposed by Gabor, supplemented with numerical reconstruction, has been perfected to the point at which wavelength resolution both laterally and in depth is routinely achieved with light by using digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM). The advantages of DIHM are: (1) simplicity of the hardware (laser- pinhole-CCD camera), (2) magnification is obtained in the numerical reconstruction, (3) maximum information of the 3-D structure with a depth of field of millimeters, (4) changes in the specimen and the simultaneous motion of many species, can be followed in 4-D at the camera frame rate. We present results obtained with DIHM in biological and microfluidic applications. By taking advantage of the large depth of field and the plane-to-plane reconstruction capability of DIHM, we can produce 3D representations of the paths followed by micron-sized objects such as suspensions of microspheres and biological samples (cells, algae, protozoa, bacteria). Examples from biology include a study of the motion of bacteria in a diatom and the track of algae and paramecium. In microfluidic applications we observe micro-channel flow, motion of bubbles in water and evolution in electrolysis. The paper finishes with new results from an underwater version of DIHM.
Characterization of Enteropathogenic and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheal Outbreaks (2002)

Virulence characteristics of diarrheal outbreak-associated Escherichia coli O55:NM, O126:NM, and O111:NM were examined. The E. coli O55:NM strains were atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), while the E. coli O126:NM and O111:NM strains should be classified as enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC). The contributions of EPEC and EAggEC to the human disease burden in Japan might be significantly greater than is currently appreciated.
Ranging based positioning employing co-operative arrays (2012)

A novel wireless positioning method employing an array of sensors which are capable of doing range estimates is proposed. Collectively, all the sensors in the sensor array can produce the direction of arrival (DoA) and the range information of mobile targets. To improve the positioning accuracy, it is proposed to introduce co-operations between the sensor arrays. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the use of the co-operation can increase the positioning accuracy significantly. Compared with other known methods, the proposed method does not require any phase measurement in the sensor arrays, so the system is relatively easy to operate and maintain.
Spectrally selective thermal emitter with flat metallic films based on tunneling effect (2016)

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a mechanism to achieve spectrally-selective metallic emitters based on tunneling effect. This effect allows a simple flat metal film to achieve near-unity emissivity with controlled spectral selectivity for efficient heat-to-light energy conversion.
Schema evolution: Concepts, terminology, and solutions (1996)

Most applications must keep objects from one session to the next. This is known as persistence. But objects are not raw data: They are instances of classes. What happens if an object's class (its generator) changes from one session to the next? This problem is known as schema evolution (the term schema is borrowed from relational databases). This column defines a framework for addressing schema evolution in object technology.
Association of FK506 binding proteins with RyR channels – effect of CLIC2 binding on sub-conductance opening and FKBP binding (2017)

Ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels are central to striated muscle function and influence signalling in neurons and other cell types. Beneficially low RyR activity and maximum conductance opening may be stabilised when RyRs bind to FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) and destabilised by FKBP dissociation, with submaximal opening during RyR hyperactivity associated with myopathies and neurological disorders. However, the correlation with submaximal opening is debated and quantitative evidence is lacking. Here, we have measured altered FKBP binding to RyRs and submaximal activity with addition of wild-type (WT) CLIC2, an inhibitory RyR ligand, or its H101Q mutant that hyperactivates RyRs, which probably causes cardiac and intellectual abnormalities. The proportion of sub-conductance opening increases with WT and H101Q CLIC2 and is correlated with reduced FKBP-RyR association. The sub-conductance opening reduces RyR currents in the presence of WT CLIC2. In contrast, sub-conductance openings contribute to excess RyR 'leak' with H101Q CLIC2. There are significant FKBP and RyR isoform-specific actions of CLIC2, rapamycin and FK506 on FKBP-RyR association. The results show that FKBPs do influence RyR gating and would contribute to excess Ca<sup>2+</sup> release in this CLIC2 RyR channelopathy.
60 GHz-band electro-optic modulators using array antenna electrodes and polarization-reversed structures for SDM wireless systems (2014)

New array antenna electrode electro-optic (EO) modulators using a thin EO crystal film stacked on a glass substrate and polarization-reversed structures were proposed for 60 GHz space-division-multiplexing (SDM) wireless systems. 4-channel 60 GHz SDM wireless signals were successfully converted to different lightwave signals according to their irradiation angles. The measured SDM channel isolation was over 13 dB. In this paper, the device structure, operational principle, analysis, design and experimental results are presented.
Sustained activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase during recovery from simulated ischaemia mediates adaptive cytoprotection in cardiomyocytes (2000)

Delayed cytoprotection (preconditioning) occurs 24 h after sublethal simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (SI/R) in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. SI/R was used to investigate the role of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt in cytoprotection. SI resulted in transient dual (Thr/Tyr) phosphorylation of p42/p44-MAPK and p38-MAPK, weak phosphorylation of p46/p54-SAPK, but no phosphorylation of PKB. 'Reperfusion' caused further transient phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, but sustained phosphorylation of p42/p44-MAPK (lasting 4 h) and of Ser(473) of PKB (lasting 2 h). Furthermore, SI/R (24 h) induced delayed protection against lethal SI, as determined by an increase in cell viability ¿bioreduction of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]¿ and a decrease in cell injury (release of creatine kinase). Both protection and phosphorylation of p42/p44-MAPK were blocked by the MEK-1/2 (MAPK/Erk kinase-1/2) inhibitor PD98059 (50 microM) when given during SI/R, but not when given during SI alone. The p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 microM) blocked the p38-MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 in vitro, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM) blocked PKB phosphorylation on Ser(473). However, neither SB203580 nor wortmannin had any effect on delayed protection. Therefore sustained activation of p42/p44-MAPK during simulated 'reperfusion' following sublethal SI mediates preconditioning in cardiomyocytes independently of transient activation of p38-MAPK or sustained activation of PKB.
Network-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation May Modulate Gait Variability in Young Healthy Adults (2022)

In healthy young adults, a single exposure to tDCS designed to simultaneously modulate DAN and DN excitability reduced gait variability, yet did not alter gait speed or other average gait metrics, when tested just after stimulation. These results suggest that gait variability may be uniquely regulated by these spatially-distinct yet functionally-connected cortical networks. These results warrant additional research on the short- and longer-term effects of this type of network-based tDCS on the cortical control of walking in younger and older populations.
Methods to avoid adverse effect of circulating antigen on biodistribution of 125I-labeled antiTac dsFv: preinjection of intact antibody versus clearance of antigen with adivin-biotin system. (1999)

Preinjection of either HuTac or bt-HuTac with avidin chase improved the biodistribution of subsequently administered 125I-labeled antiTac dsFv by preventing the dsFv from binding to the sIL-2Ralpha, but the HuTac blocking method is simpler and longer lasting.
Semantic approach to event processing (2007)

Various approaches have been taken towards modelling and definition of event processing systems, the dominant ones being: using rules, using SQL extensions, and using scripts. Yet, there are some semantic structures that are expressed by all of them, providing the opportunity to raise the level of abstraction and create semantic model of event processing. This talk will describe the major different types of event processing from the point of view of the role it plays in computing, describe some common design patterns, and then describe the idea of the semantic approach to event processing, the semantic abstractions that are required in order to achieve it, and its possible automatic mappings to various implementations. The concepts will be demonstrated by a comprehensive example.
Effects of Virus Size and Cell Stiffness on Forces, Work, and Pressures Driving Membrane Invagination in a Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis (2010)

A continuum model based on the contact mechanics theory was developed and used for evaluating virus indentation forces at the early stage of membrane invagination, as well as the work of the virus indentation forces and virus-cell contact pressures in a receptor-mediated endocytosis, depending on the virus size and virus/cell stiffnesses. The model indicated that early virus indentation forces are in the order of 1-10 pN and for a given extent of virus engulfment, they increase linearly with the elastic modulus of the host cell and also with the square of the virus radius. The work of invagination at the initial phase of virus endocytosis is in the order of tens of zeptojoules and peak virus-cell contact pressures at this stage are in the order of hundreds of Pascals to several kPa. For a given extent of virus engulfment, peak and average contact pressures increase linearly with the elastic modulus of the host cell but interestingly, they are negligibly affected by the virus size. The present model may be useful in the fields of cellular biomechanics, virology and nanodrug delivery to evaluate mechanical factors during the early phase of membrane invagination.
Burn performance of deuterium-tritium, deuterium-deuterium, and catalyzed deuterium ICF targets (1983)

The University of Illinois hydrodynamic burn code, AFBURN, has been used to model the performance of homogeneous D-T, D2, and catalyzed deuterium ICF targets. Yields and gains are compared for power-producing targets. AFBURN is a one-dimensional, two-temperature, single-fluid hydrodynamic code with non-local fusion product energy deposition. The initial conditions for AFBURN are uniformly compressed targets with central hot spots. AFBURN predicts that maximum D2 target gains are obtained for target ρR and spark ρR about seven times larger than the target and spark ρR for maximum D-T target gains, that the maximum D2 target gain is approximately one third of the maximum D-T target gain, and that the corresponding yields are approximately equal. By recycling tritium and 3 He from previous targets, D2 target performance can be improved by about 10%.
Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine in ponies after induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression (2001)

Results suggested that administration of this MLV vaccine to ponies with exercise-induced immunosuppression was safe and that administration of a single dose to ponies provided clinical protection 3 months later.