gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production Flow Comparison Between Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing and Conventional PLT in a Cased Hole Horizontal Wellbore With ICD (2020)

Abstract A cased hole well with inflow control devices (ICDs) was logged for production profiling as part of a field trial campaign testing a new fiber-optic wireline system. Pulled by a conventional tractor, both the fiber-optic wireline and a set of conventional production logging tools (PLTs) were placed at the bottom of a horizontal wellbore, locating the fiber across the reservoir for sensing purposes. The well produced at two different choke settings, enabling both technologies to capture low flow rate as well as high flow rate. The main objective with the testing was to compare the two technologies for production flow allocation and learn more about fiber-optic analytics. The two different measurements were performed as close in time as possible. While the fiber-optic cable was sensing, the PLT was stationary and not logging, and while PLT was logging, the fiber optic was deactivated. From fiber optics, high-quality noise logging plots were generated with distributed acoustics (DAS), identifying the inflow points despite the relatively challenging acoustic environment. Propagating sound allowed for a profile of fluid sound speed to be established. Distributed temperature (DTS) was less useful on this job due to some accidental inflow of borehole fluid causing hydrogen darkening. This affected the multi-mode fiber more than the single-mode fiber; hence, DTS data could not be used. The wireline-based MAPS tool consisted of capacitance-, resistivity- and spinner-array. With the sensors located on bow springs, the tool detected various flow patterns 360 degrees around the borehole. The fiber-optic cable is located low side in a horizontal wellbore and might be affected by this in a laminated flow situation. Still, the fiber-optic sensing system managed to provide useful flow information, comparable to the PLT tool.
Zinc catalysed electrophilic C–H borylation of heteroarenes (2021)

Cationic zinc Lewis acids catalyse the C-H borylation of heteroarenes using pinacol borane (HBPin) or catechol borane (HBCat). An electrophile derived from [IDippZnEt][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) combined with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>p</i>-toluidine (DMT) proved the most active in terms of C-H borylation scope and yield. Using this combination weakly activated heteroarenes, such as thiophene, were amenable to catalytic C-H borylation using HBCat. Competition reactions show these IDipp-zinc cations are highly oxophilic but less hydridophilic (relative to B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>), and that borylation proceeds <i>via</i> activation of the hydroborane (and not the heteroarene) by a zinc electrophile. Based on DFT calculations this activation is proposed to proceed by coordination of a hydroborane oxygen to the zinc centre to generate a boron electrophile that effects C-H borylation. Thus, Lewis acid binding to oxygen sites of hydroboranes represents an under-developed route to access reactive borenium-type electrophiles for C-H borylation.
Reliability of Aerosol Jet Printed Fluorescence Quenching Sensor Arrays for the Identification and Quantification of Explosive Vapors (2017)

One of the primary challenges in explosive detection using fluorescence quenching is the identification and quantification of detected targets. In this work, we explore the reliability of aerosol jet printed sensor arrays for the discrimination of nitroaromatic traces using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). We varied the amount of the deposited material by controlling the printer’s shutter to investigate the impact on the detection reliability. For a twofold variation of the amount of the deposited material, we report excellent classification rates between 81 and 96% for the discrimination of nitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene at 1, 3, and 10 parts per billion in air, respectively. Our results close to the detection limits indicate a remarkable identification and quantification of explosive trace vapors because of high control of the printing process. This work demonstrates the high potential of digitally printed fluorescence quenching sensor arrays and the excellent capabilities of LDA as a simple supervised statistical learning technique.
Interferon Combination Therapy for HIV/hepatitis C Virus Coinfection (2011)

IFN-α has been the cornerstone of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment for over a decade. Yet, rates of sustained virologic response of HCV infection to interferon-based therapy, particularly in difficult-to-treat populations, have been disappointingly low. This is particularly true in HIV/HCV coinfection, in which less than a third of patients typically respond to therapy. New HCV protease inhibitors, most of which will need to be administered with pegylated interferon, are in development, but comprehensive, long-term data for their use in coinfected patients is not yet available. Understanding the basis of this population's poor response to interferon-based therapy is crucial to future exploration of new therapeutic options, immunotherapy and prognosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected population.
Multiphysics Modeling of Microwave Heating of a Frozen Heterogeneous Meal Rotating on a Turntable (2015)

A 3-dimensional (3-D) multiphysics model was developed to understand the microwave heating process of a real heterogeneous food, multilayered frozen lasagna. Near-perfect 3-D geometries of food package and microwave oven were used. A multiphase porous media model combining the electromagnetic heat source with heat and mass transfer, and incorporating phase change of melting and evaporation was included in finite element model. Discrete rotation of food on the turntable was incorporated. The model simulated for 6 min of microwave cooking of a 450 g frozen lasagna kept at the center of the rotating turntable in a 1200 W domestic oven. Temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties of lasagna ingredients were measured and provided as inputs to the model. Simulated temperature profiles were compared with experimental temperature profiles obtained using a thermal imaging camera and fiber-optic sensors. The total moisture loss in lasagna was predicted and compared with the experimental moisture loss during cooking. The simulated spatial temperature patterns predicted at the top layer was in good agreement with the corresponding patterns observed in thermal images. Predicted point temperature profiles at 6 different locations within the meal were compared with experimental temperature profiles and root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 6.6 to 20.0 °C. The predicted total moisture loss matched well with an RMSE value of 0.54 g. Different layers of food components showed considerably different heating performance. Food product developers can use this model for designing food products by understanding the effect of thickness and order of each layer, and material properties of each layer, and packaging shape on cooking performance.
Adjuvant Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer remains controversial. However, both sides of the Atlantic Ocean agree that at least gemcitabine should be the pivotal agent offered to all patients. The role of radiation therapy remains somewhat inconclusive but chemoradiation, whether in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting is a standard option often utilized in the USA. This review is an update from the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting held in Chicago, IL, USA. We present the summary of the findings from Abstracts #4020, #4021, #4040 and #4049 and discuss the impact on this group of patients.
Ternary Blend with Synergistic Action of Elastomeric and Rigid Polymer Inclusions; Comparison of Vulcanized and Reactively Compatibilized Ultrafine Rubber Particles (2005)

Article Ternary Blend with Synergistic Action of Elastomeric and Rigid Polymer Inclusions; Comparison of Vulcanized and Reactively Compatibilized Ultrafine Rubber Particles was published on March 1, 2005 in the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering (volume 25, issue 2).
TU‐CD‐303‐05: Unveiling Tumor Heterogeneity by Molecular Imaging (2015)

Recent advances in cancer research have shed new light on the complex processes of how therapeutic radiation initiates changes at cellular, tissue, and system levels that may lead to clinical effects. These new advances may transform the way we use radiation to combat certain types of cancers. For the past two decades many technological advancements in radiation therapy have been largely based on the hypothesis that direct radiation‐induced DNA double strand breaks cause cell death and thus tumor control and normal tissue damage. However, new insights have elucidated that in addition to causing cellular DNA damage, localized therapeutic radiation also initiates cascades of complex downstream biological responses in tissue that extend far beyond where therapeutic radiation dose is directly deposited. For instance, studies show that irradiated dying tumor cells release tumor antigens that can lead the immune system to a systemic anti‐cancer attack throughout the body of cancer patient; targeted irradiation to solid tumor also increases the migration of tumor cells already in bloodstream, the seeds of potential metastasis. Some of the new insights may explain the long ago discovered but still unexplained non‐localized radiation effects (bystander effect and abscopal effect) and the efficacy of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (microbeam radiation therapy and GRID therapy) where many “hot” and “cold” spots are intentionally created throughout the treatment volume. Better understanding of the mechanisms behind the non‐localized radiation effects creates tremendous opportunities to develop new and integrated cancer treatment strategies that are based on radiotherapy, immunology, and chemotherapy. However, in the multidisciplinary effort to advance new radiobiology, there are also tremendous challenges including a lack of multidisciplinary researchers and imaging technologies for the microscopic radiation‐induced responses. A better grasp of the essence of these advances in cancer biology research will give medical physicists a new perspective in daily clinical physics practice and in future radiation therapy technological development. Furthermore, academic medical physics should continue to be an integral part of the multidisciplinary cancer research community, harnessing our newly acquired understanding of radiation effects, and developing novel cost‐effective treatment strategies to better combat cancer. Learning Objectives: Understand that localized radiation can lead to non‐localized secondary effects such as radiation‐induced immune response, bystander effect, and abscopal effect. Understand that the non‐localized radiation effects may be harnessed to improve cancer treatment. Learn examples of physics participation in multidisciplinary research to advance cancer biology. Recognize the challenges and possibilities of physics applications in cancer research. Chang: NIH 5RC2CA148487‐02 and 1U54CA151652‐01 Graves: IDEA award (19IB‐0106) from the California Breast Cancer Research Program (CBCRP), and by NIH P01 CA67166
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF A TRYPTOPHAN‐CONTAINING PEPTIDE FROM BOVINE AND TURKEY BRAINS (1980)

A tryptophan-containing peptide has been isolated from bovine cerebral hemispheres. A similar peptide has also been isolated from the turkey brain. Isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels shows the peptides to be essentially homogeneous. Both peptides consist of 67 amino acids with isoleucine at the COOH-terminus. The NH2-terminal residues cannot be detected by end-group analysis. Both peptides exhibit 45--50% alpha-helix as revealed by circular dichroism spectra.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells treatment improves the endometriosis proliferation in cell culture (2013)

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder defined as the presence of endometrial tissue within extra‐uterine sites. The proliferation of topic and ectopic endometrial tissue was demonstrated in several trials. In endometriotic tissues and cultured endometriotic cells the expression profile of cell cycle and inflammatory proteins are modified, particularly p27 protein – reduced expression – and IL‐1β – increased expression –, both leading to an increased cell proliferation. The therapeutic use of an adenoviral p27 super‐expression vector (Adp27EGFP) in endometriotic cell cultures induces the cells back to normal proliferative levels. In order to improve the therapeutic potential of this gene therapy we combined it with cell therapy using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC). The levels of IL‐1β were evaluated in the culture medium of normal and endometriotic endometrial cells transfected or not with Adp27EGFP and Adnull, and treated with hUCMSC. Treatment with hUCMSC leads to increased IL‐1β expression reaching endometriotic levels after 14 days of treatment even in the normal endometrial cells. The therapeutic effects of Adp27EGFP were totally inhibited in the endometriotic cells treated with hUCMSC. These results suggest that the mesenchymal stem cells can have a role in the progression of the endometriosis and cannot be used to treat the disease.
A New Variety of Natural Graphite Powder: Elaboration and Properties (1994)

Abstract An original process was performed to obtain pulverulent graphite powder by grinding an exfoliated graphite—organic solvent mixture. This method leads to particles characterized by a large dimensional anisotropy. The sizes of the flakes are: an average diameter of about ten micrometers and a thickness below 0.1 micrometer. Scanning electron microscopy confirms this morphology; transmission electron microscopy indicates that most of the flakes are single crystals. Specific area is superior to 20 m2/g with a surface homogeneity identical to that of the parent exfoliated graphite. The planeity of the particles allows them to lay on a surface with a mosaic spread less than 15°. This new material has been called G.M.P. “Graphite Micronique Plat” (Flat Micronic Graphite)
The Effects of Feeding a Soybean-Based or a Soy-Free Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Pasture-Raised Chickens Throughout Their Lifecycle (2019)

Soybean is one of the primary ingredients in poultry diets, but it causes problems in some consumers with allergies. Thus, production of poultry without soybean in their diets has increased in recent years. In addition, consumers are increasingly supporting alternative (e.g. organic, pasture-raised) chicken production systems for ethical reasons, yet the impacts of a variety of diets on these birds remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine the impact of feeding two different diets – a soybean-based and a soy-free diet – on the intestinal microbiome of pasture-raised chickens. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the feces, cecal contents, and whole carcass rinses from 5 pasture-raised flocks (3 soybean-based, 2 soy-free) grown over 2 years on the same farm, and their microbiomes were compared. Regardless of diet, the phylum Firmicutes corresponded to 63% or more of the total bacterial abundance in the fecal and cecal samples; however, in the whole carcass rinses, the relative abundance of Firmicutes dropped to approximately 30%. Alpha diversity metrics revealed significant differences without any clear patterns when comparing the 2 diets, but principal coordinate analysis of -diversity showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.04) between them. Notably, broilers receiving the soy-free diet had lower abundance of Campylobacter during their entire lifecycle. This effect was particularly important in the fecal material collected when birds were 12-weeks-old (i.e. day of processing; P = 0.003) and in the whole carcass rinses obtained from the final product (P = 0.04). Abundance of Acinetobacter was also lower (P = 0.05) in the whole carcass rinses from birds consuming the soy-free diet. These data suggest that the presence of soybeans in chicken diets can be an important factor shaping overall microbiomes throughout the farm-to-fork continuum, specifically resulting in a greater presence of the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter and Acinetobacter. Therefore, the use of a soy-free diet can potentially represent a viable strategy to reduce contamination of carcasses in pasture-raised chicken production systems.
Combining Automatic Angle Correction and 3-D Tracking Doppler for the Assessment of Aortic Stenosis Severity (2019)

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which causes increased load on the left ventricle. Untreated, this condition can eventually lead to heart failure and death. According to current recommendations, an accurate diagnosis of AS mandates the use of multiple acoustic windows to determine the highest velocity. Furthermore, the optimal positioning of both patient and transducer to reduce the beam-to-flow angle is emphasized. Being operator dependent, the beam alignment is a potential source of uncertainty. In this work, we perform noncompounded 3-D plane wave imaging for retrospective estimation of maximum velocities in aortic jets with automatic angle correction. This is achieved by combining a hybrid 3-D speckle tracking method to estimate the jet direction and 3-D tracking Doppler to generate angle-corrected sonograms, using the direction from speckle tracking as input. Results from simulations of flow through an orifice show that 3-D speckle tracking can estimate the jet orientation with acceptable accuracy for signal-to-noise ratios above 10 dB. Results from 12 subjects show that sonograms recorded from a standard apical view using the proposed method yield a maximum velocity that matches continuous wave (CW) Doppler sonograms recorded from the acoustic window with the lowest angle within a ±10% margin, provided that a high enough pulse repetition frequency could be achieved. These results motivate further validation and optimization studies.
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: developments in pathogenesis and treatment. (2006)

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is an abnormal wound-healing response following retinal detachment and occurs in 5% to 10% of cases. It is now possible to treat this once-blinding condition. However, proliferative vitreoretinopathy still remains the most common cause of failure to reattach the retina. Recent work has helped to unravel the causes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and new adjuvant treatments are being evaluated to improve the success rate of retinal reattachment surgery, both anatomically and functionally. At present, preventative treatment has only been found to work in high-risk cases. It is hoped that improvement in targeted immunosupression will eventually reduce the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. At the current time, the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy still remains a surgical skill.
Probing Metal Binding in the 8–17 DNAzyme by TbIII Luminescence Spectroscopy (2008)

Metal-dependent cleavage activities of the 8-17 DNAzyme were found to be inhibited by Tb(III) ions, and the apparent inhibition constant in the presence of 100 microM of Zn(II) was measured to be 3.3+/-0.3 microM. The apparent inhibition constants increased linearly with increasing Zn(II) concentration, and the inhibition effect could be fully rescued with addition of active metal ions, indicating that Tb(III) is a competitive inhibitor and that the effect is completely reversible. The sensitized Tb(III) luminescence at 543 nm was dramatically enhanced when Tb(III) was added to the DNAzyme-substrate complex. With an inactive DNAzyme in which the GT wobble pair was replaced with a GC Watson-Crick base pair, the luminescence enhancement was slightly decreased. In addition, when the DNAzyme strand was replaced with a complete complementary strand to the substrate, no significant luminescence enhancement was observed. These observations suggest that Tb(III) may bind to an unpaired region of the DNAzyme, with the GT wobble pair playing a role. Luminescence lifetime measurements in D(2)O and H(2)O suggested that Tb(III) bound to DNAzyme is coordinated by 6.7+/-0.2 water molecules and two or three functional groups from the DNAzyme. Divalent metal ions competed for the Tb(III) binding site(s) in the order Co(II)>Zn(II)>Mn(II)>Pb(II)>Ca(II) approximately Mg(II). This order closely follows the order of DNAzyme activity, with the exception of Pb(II). These results indicate that Pb(II), the most active metal ion, competes for Tb(III) binding differently from other metal ions such as Zn(II), suggesting that Pb(II) may bind to a different site from that for the other metal ions including Zn(II) and Tb(III).
The history of dopamine and levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (2008)

The discoveries of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the brain, its depletion in patients with Parkinson disease, and its replacement with levodopa therapy were major revolutionary events in the rise to effective therapy for patients with this disorder. This review describes these events and the persons who carried out these accomplishments. Their impact went beyond a single clinical entity of parkinsonism, for it opened up the beginning of a much better understanding of the role of dopamine in other neurologic movement disorders and also in many psychiatric diseases.