gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anchoring and Agreement in Syntactic Annotations (2016)

We present a study on two key characteristics of human syntactic annotations: anchoring and agreement. Anchoring is a well known cognitive bias in human decision making, where judgments are drawn towards pre-existing values. We study the influence of anchoring on a standard approach to creation of syntactic resources where syntactic annotations are obtained via human editing of tagger and parser output. Our experiments demonstrate a clear anchoring effect and reveal unwanted consequences, including overestimation of parsing performance and lower quality of annotations in comparison with human-based annotations. Using sentences from the Penn Treebank WSJ, we also report systematically obtained inter-annotator agreement estimates for English dependency parsing. Our agreement results control for parser bias, and are consequential in that they are on par with state of the art parsing performance for English newswire. We discuss the impact of our findings on strategies for future annotation efforts and parser evaluations.
A New “Chrome-Like” Finish for Aluminum (1986)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper outlines a new chemical double-dip method for blue tinting anodized aluminum to obtain a “chrome-like” look. The excellent results of laboratory prepared samples on resistance of weathering and ultra-violet radiation are presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Estimated operating costs are given and the practicality of retrofitting this process into existing automotive bright anodizing facilities is considered. Commercial scale trial is recommended based on subsequently successful plant test.&lt;/div&gt;
Residues of Lorsban (Chlorpyrifos and Its Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Metabolite) in Collards When Applied for Control of Root Maggot, 1981 (1984)

Abstract Lorsban 4E formulation was applied to collards at the rates of 1.6 and 3.2 fl oz (AD/1000 ft row at the Yakima research station and the Beltsville research station. At Yakima, the formulation was sprayed over the row at planting time, in front of the plant shoe, for shallow incorporation into the soil on 20 May 1981, and again as a direct spray at the base of the plants on 8 July. At Beltsville, the formulation was applied as a drench to each plant one day after the plants had been transplantd ln(x+l) for % leaf area mined andcations of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request.
Superhelix dimensions of a 1868 base pair plasmid determined by scanning force microscopy in air and in aqueous solution (1997)

We have used scanning force microscopy (SFM) to study the conformation of a 1868 base pair plasmid (p1868) in its open circular form and at a superhelical density of sigma= -0.034. The samples were deposited on a mica surface in the presence of MgCl2. DNA images were obtained both in air and in aqueous solutions, and the dimensions of the DNA superhelix were analysed. Evaluation of the whole plasmid yielded average superhelix dimensions of 27 +/- 9 nm (outer superhelix diameter D), 107 +/- 51 nm (superhelix pitch P), and 54 +/-8 degrees (superhelix pitch angle alpha). We also analysed compact superhelical regions within the plasmid separately, and determined values of D = 9.2 +/- 3.3 nm, P = 42 +/- 13 nm and alpha= 63 +/- 20 degrees for samples scanned in air or rehydrated in water. These results indicate relatively large conformation changes between superhelical and more open regions of the plasmid. In addition to the analysis of the DNA superhelix dimensions, we have followed the deposition process of open circular p1868 to mica in real time. These experiments show that it is possible to image DNA samples by SFM without prior drying, and that the surface bound DNA molecules retain some ability to change their position on the surface.
Use of 2-nitroimidazoles as bioreductive markers for tumour hypoxia. (1998)

Tumour hypoxia is thought to contribute to some failures of radiotherapy to achieve local control. Polarographic measurements of tumour oxygenation have been shown to predict clinical response to radiotherapy and patient survival. Hypoxia is also involved in many common types of normal tissue morbidity. However, at present there is no widely used method of measuring hypoxia in the clinic, or for individualizing therapy on the basis of tumour or tissue oxygenation. The bioreductive metabolism of 2-nitroimidazoles provides a way of labelling hypoxic cells in vivo and a variety of isotopic labels have been proposed for the non-invasive detection of bound metabolites of these markers. Several 2-nitroimidazoles with immunologically identifiable side-chains have been described and conventional immunostaining procedures can be used to locate their metabolites, bound to hypoxic cells in histological sections. Use of fluorescent immunoreagents allows flow cytometric assessment of hypoxia and multiple colour fluorescent staining allows hypoxia to be correlated with other markers on a cell by cell basis. 2-Nitroimidazole hypoxia markers show considerable promise for clinical use in diagnosing hypoxia and their use could allow rational application of hypoxia-related therapies to those patients most likely to benefit from them.
I principi dell’adesione e le loro implicazioni cliniche. (2012)

L’evoluzione delle metodiche nel campo dell’adesione dentale ha profondamente influenzato i principi della moderna odontoiatria conservativa. In accordo con una filosofia minimamente invasiva, questo nuovo approccio permette un disegno di cavità più conservativo basato sulla comprovata efficacia degli attuali adesivi smalto-dentinali.\n\nL’interazione tra gli adesivi e i substrati dentali è basata su due differenti strategie, comunemente denominate tecnica etch-and-rinse e self-etch. Allo scopo di semplificare lo step-by-step clinico delle fasi di adesione, i produttori hanno diminuito il numero di passaggi necessari per completare le procedure adesive. Di conseguenza sono stati introdotti i sistemi etch-and-rinse 2-step e self-etch 1-step che hanno ottenuto rapidamente popolarità sul mercato dei materiali dentari grazie alla loro facilità d’uso e alla bassa sensibilità operatore-dipendente. Sono stati però sollevati molti dubbi sull’efficacia di questi sistemi adesivi semplificati, soprattutto per quanto riguarda la durata nel tempo, anche se questo aspetto sembra dipendere molto dal tipo di materiale utilizzato.\n\nIn questo articolo vengono analizzate le odierne conoscenze riguardanti l’adesione delle resine allo smalto e alla dentina e viene presentata una classificazione descrittiva dei sistemi adesivi che si possono trovare sul mercato, includendo alcune considerazioni cliniche in grado di assistere il professionista nella scelta e nell’applicazione di questi materiali.
A Review of the State of the Art in Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines (2010)

The wind turbines constituting large wind power plants are challenged to satisfy the revised grid codes, which require them to withstand grid faults, support grid during faults, and provide ancillary services such as frequency control, and voltage control.In order to meet the grid code requirements, control strategies for variable-speed wind turbines are developed and reported by academy and wind industry, where these strategies are reviewed and discussed in this paper.The strategies for active and reactive power control at the wind turbine level, fault ride-through capability with contribution to grid voltage regulation by reactive current injection, and local voltage control at the wind turbine level are introduced.The support of wind turbines to grid frequency regulation is discussed for main three functions; primary frequency control, inertia emulation, and power oscillation damping.Also, coordinated control solutions between wind turbine controller and wind power plant controller are investigated.Index Terms-fault ride-through,
Insights into polymer versus oligosaccharide synthesis: mutagenesis and mechanistic studies of a novel levansucrase from Bacillus megaterium (2007)

A novel levansucrase was identified in the supernatant of a cell culture of Bacillus megaterium DSM319. In order to test for the contribution of specific amino acid residues to levansucrase catalysis, the wild-type enzyme along with 16 variants based on sequence alignments and structural information were heterologously produced in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes were characterized kinetically and the product spectrum of each variant was determined. Comparison of the X-ray structures of the levansucrases from Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in conjunction with the corresponding product spectra identified crucial amino acid residues responsible for product specificity and catalysis. Highly conserved regions such as the previously described RDP and DXXER motifs were identified as being important. Two crucial structural differences localized at amino acid residues Arg370 and Asn252 were of high relevance in polymer compared with oligosaccharide synthesis.
Self-Designed Colour Chart and a Multi-Dimensional Calibration Approach for Cultural Heritage Preventive Preservation (2021)

In this paper we present a colour calibration framework for cultural heritage preventive conservation. It includes a custom colour chart based on a regular sRGB division and a multi-dimensional calibration approach based on hyper-surfaces that map the original colours to the calibrated space taking information from all the channels. As shown, our work outperforms past proposals. This solution has been designed to be automatic and match the requirements of our cultural heritage surveillance framework needs, such as non-invasiveness and easiness to deploy. Its performance has been compared to publicly available calibration proposals and charts, and their results judged basing on the context and restrictions of the intended goal, such as illumination. Conclusions on the need for adapting technological solutions to the context of the goal, its cases of use when valid and self-designed methods are drawn. This work is part of the MIPAC-CM project.
Survivin Expression and Prognostic Significance in Pediatric Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) (2013)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are very aggressive malignancies comprising approximately 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, we focused on pediatric MPNST arising in the first 2 decades of life, as they represent one the most frequent non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas in children. In MPNST, several genetic alterations affect the chromosomal region 17q encompassing the BIRC5/SURVIVIN gene. As cancer-specific expression of survivin has been found to be an effective marker for cancer detection and outcome prediction, we analyzed survivin expression in 35 tumor samples derived from young patients affected by sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 1-associated MPNST. Survivin mRNA and protein expression were assessed by Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, while gene amplification was analyzed by FISH. Data were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Survivin mRNA was overexpressed in pediatric MPNST and associated to a copy number gain of BIRC5; furthermore, increased levels of transcripts correlated with a higher FNCLCC tumor grade (grade 1 and 2 vs. 3, p = 0.0067), and with a lower survival probability (Log-rank test, p = 0.0038). Overall, these data support the concept that survivin can be regarded as a useful prognostic marker for pediatric MPNST and a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
Levodopa infusion combined with entacapone or tolcapone in Parkinson disease: a pilot trial (2011)

According to this small, short-term pilot study, oral catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors administered in 5-h intervals may be useful in cases where levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel dose reduction is wanted. Stability of plasma levodopa levels is not significantly altered, and off-time is not increased when decreasing the levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel dose by 20%. Rather, the dose should probably be decreased more than 20%, especially under tolcapone co-treatment, to avoid increased dyskinesias with time.
Medicated chewing gum – a potential drug delivery system (2010)

The availability of directly compressible co-processed gum material enables rapid, safe and low-cost development of MCG as a drug delivery option. By MCG formulation, revitalization of old products and reformulation of new patented products is possible, to differentiate them from upcoming generics competition in the market.
High magnetic field properties of CVD-prepared Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Ge and Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;(Ge,X&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) (1979)

Measurements of the field dependent critical current density, J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (H), and the upper critical field, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c2</inf> , have been performed on a number of Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Ge samples prepared by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. These samples, obtained from up to 20 m lengths of Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Ge tape, were deposited on various substrates at temperatures between 835 and 950°C. Flux pinning, provided by the introduction of controlled amounts of second phase precipitate, Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , produced good high field properties with 4.2 K critical current densities on the order of 8.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 18 T. Measurements of J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (H) performed on these samples in both liquid helium and hydrogen in fields up to 18.5T have been analyzed in terms of Kramer's model of flux pinning. Qualitative agreement has been found with the scaling laws predicted by this theory. The effect of ternary additions of Si and Ga on both H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c2</inf> and J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (H) have been investigated as well. Contrary to expectation, the addition of ternaries into the A-15 lattice results in somewhat depressed critical characteristics. The effect of deposition parameters on the high field properties of both Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Ge and Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (Ge,X) will be discussed.
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) seed coat phaseolin is detrimental to the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) (2000)

The presence of phaseolin (a vicilin-like 7S storage globulin) peptides in the seed coat of the legume Phaseolus lunatus L. (lima bean) was demonstrated by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Utilizing an artificial seed system assay we showed that phaseolin, isolated from both cotyledon and testa tissues of P. lunatus, is detrimental to the nonhost bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (cowpea weevil) with ED50 of 1.7 and 3.5%, respectively. The level of phaseolin in the seed coat (16.7%) was found to be sufficient to deter larval development of this bruchid. The expression of a C. maculatus-detrimental protein in the testa of nonhost seeds suggests that the protein may have played a significant role in the evolutionary adaptation of bruchids to legume seeds.
Optimal Code Partitioning Over Time and Hierarchical Cloudlets (2017)

This letter proposes a task scheduling scheme designed for code partitioning over time and the hierarchical cloudlets in a mobile edge network. To this end, we define the so called energy-time cost parameters to optimally schedule tasks over time and hierarchical cloudlet locations. Accordingly, we investigate two different optimization scenarios. In particular, the first scenario aims at finding the optimal task scheduling for given radio parameters. In the second scenario, we carry out the optimization of both the task scheduling and the mobile device's transmission power. More importantly, we show that by adopting the proposed code partitioning scheme in this letter, the transmission power optimization problem becomes a disjoint problem from the task scheduling problem.
Comparing quantitative and comment-based ratings for recommending open educational resources (2017)

The recent application of recommender systems for educational resources and e-learning has facilitated online and accessible education on social networks. However, there are currently few studies about the methods for evaluation and performance measurement of these recommender systems in the complicated environment of educational and social networking platforms. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the effectiveness of using sentiment analysis methods for educational resources based on user comments and compare it with the quantitative approach based on user rating to recommend best open learning resources (OER) available through online OER repositories. The quality of the OER will be justified by comparing the user rating and the users' reviews. The quality of users' reviews is based on calculating the term frequency for selected positive and negative terms, then determining the similarity among the comments. Comments with positive or negative words confirm the high and low ratings respectively.
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules in the Cancer Patient: The Role for Routine Culture and an Unusual Application of the Human Tumor Colony-Forming Assay (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1987Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules in the Cancer Patient: The Role for Routine Culture and an Unusual Application of the Human Tumor Colony-Forming Assay H.M. Friedman, M. Johnston, A.M. Macher, and D. Glaubiger H.M. FriedmanH.M. Friedman More articles by this author , M. JohnstonM. Johnston More articles by this author , A.M. MacherA.M. Macher More articles by this author , and D. GlaubigerD. Glaubiger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)43432-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules in the Cancer Patient: The Role for Routine Culture and an Unusual Application of the Human Tumor Colony-Forming Assay." The Journal of Urology, 138(4 Part 1), pp. 923–924 © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 138Issue 4 Part 1October 1987Page: 923-924 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information H.M. Friedman More articles by this author M. Johnston More articles by this author A.M. Macher More articles by this author D. Glaubiger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Structural insights of the conserved “priming loop” of hepatitis B virus pre-genomic RNA (2021)

Initiation of protein-primed (-) strand DNA synthesis in hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires interaction of the viral polymerase with a <i>cis</i>-acting regulatory signal, designated epsilon (ε), located at the 5'-end of its pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA). Binding of polymerase to ε is also necessary for pgRNA encapsidation. While the mechanistic basis of this interaction remains elusive, mutagenesis studies suggest its internal 6-nt "priming loop" provides an important structural contribution. ε might therefore be considered a promising target for small molecule interventions to complement current nucleoside-analog based anti-HBV therapies. An ideal prerequisite to any RNA-directed small molecule strategy would be a detailed structural description of this important element. Herein, we present a solution NMR structure for HBV ε which, in combination with molecular dynamics and docking simulations, reports on a flexible ligand "pocket", reminiscent of those observed in proteins. We also demonstrate the binding of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) Raloxifene, Bazedoxifene, and a <i>de novo</i> derivative to the priming loop.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
The Cosmic Zoo: The (Near) Inevitability of the Evolution of Complex, Macroscopic Life (2016)

Life on Earth provides a unique biological record from single-cell microbes to technologically intelligent life forms. Our evolution is marked by several major steps or innovations along a path of increasing complexity from microbes to space-faring humans. Here we identify various major key innovations, and use an analytical toolset consisting of a set of models to analyse how likely each key innovation is to occur. Our conclusion is that once the origin of life is accomplished, most of the key innovations can occur rather readily. The conclusion for other worlds is that if the origin of life can occur rather easily, we should live in a cosmic zoo, as the innovations necessary to lead to complex life will occur with high probability given sufficient time and habitat. On the other hand, if the origin of life is rare, then we might live in a rather empty universe.
Ueber die Einwirkung von chlorkohlenoxyd auf Pikraminsäure (1893)

welche von L e l l m a n n ,,chemische Influenz" benannt wurde
Explaining, Predicting, and Treating HIV-Associated CD4 Cell Loss (2006)

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