gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methane clumped isotope signature of anaerobic oxidation of methane (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) significantly mitigates atmospheric methane emissions on Earth and represents a thermodynamically favorable metabolic strategy for astrobiological targets where methane has been detected. The bulk carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios produced by AOM have been used to probe the thermodynamic drive for intracellular reactions that involve the bi-directional enzymes of the methanogenesis pathway. Recently, measurements of the abundance of doubly-substituted methane isotopologues provide another dimension for assessing kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects and thus the AOM process itself. Towards this end, we measured methane clumped isotope ratios of residual methane in AOM-active microbial incubations using sediment slurry and/or fracture fluid from Svalbard methane seeps, Santa Barbara Channel methane seeps, Nankai Trough, and Beatrix Gold Mine. We also analyzed methane isotopologue abundances in sub-seafloor fluids from a Mariana mud volcano where AOM occurs. Extremely high &amp;amp;#916;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D and &amp;amp;#916;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;12&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; values were found in the Svalbard sediment slurry and the Mariana fluids where minimal reversibility of AOM intracellular reactions preserved signatures of kinetic fractionation of clumped isotopologues. When conditions were consistent with a low thermodynamic drive for AOM, however, methane isotopologues approached intramolecular quasi-equilibrium. This was notably observed in the microbial incubations of the deep biosphere samples from Nankai Trough and Beatrix Mine. This presentation will highlight the environmental controls on the enzymatic activity of intracellular pathways and the reversibility of AOM, and their intrinsic link to methane isotopologue ratios.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
DROP IMPACT EXPERIMENT AS A MODEL EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS IN CONTROLLING THE DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AN AGRICULTURAL SPRAY (2015)

Agricultural spraying involves atomizing a liquid stream through a hydraulic nozzle, thus forming a liquid sheet that is subsequently destabilized into drops. Standard adjuvants such as dilute oil-inwater emulsions are known to influence the spray drop size distribution. Although being documented, the physical mechanisms at the origin of the size increase remain unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms causing the changes on the drop size distribution, we investigate the influence of dilute emulsions on the destabilization mechanisms of liquid sheets. Model laboratory experiments based on the collision of a liquid tear on a small solid target are used to produce and characterize liquid sheets. With dilute oil-in-water emulsions, the liquid sheet is destabilized during its expansion by the nucleation of holes that perforate the sheet and grow. The emulsion concentration and the size of the oil droplet of the emulsion are varied to rationalize their influence on the sheet destabilization mechanisms. The results obtained with the model laboratory experiments are compared to the measurement of the drop size distribution resulting from a conventional agricultural spray. The very good correlation between the number of perforation events and the volume fraction of small drops in the spray suggests (i) that the model experiment on liquid sheet is appropriate to investigate and gain an understanding of the physical mechanisms governing the spray drop size distribution and (ii) that the perforation destabilization mechanism of liquid sheets, which dominates for dilute emulsions, is at the origin of the increase of the size of the spray drops.
Improved motion vector prediction method in scalable video coding (2005)

This paper presents an improved motion vector (MV) prediction scheme in scalable video coding (SVC) to increase coding efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, we adopt the spatio-temporal prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional prediction methods.
Remyelination Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis (2015)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system that results in destruction of the myelin sheath that surrounds axons and eventual neurodegeneration. Current treatments approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS target the aberrant immune response and successfully reduce the severity of attacks and frequency of relapses. Therapies are still needed that can repair damage particularly for the treatment of progressive forms of MS for which current therapies are relatively ineffective. Remyelination can restore neuronal function and prevent further neuronal loss and clinical disability. Recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating myelination, as well as the development of high-throughput screens to identify agents that enhance myelination, have lead to the identification of many potential remyelination therapies currently in preclinical and early clinical development. One problem that has plagued the development of treatments to promote remyelination is the difficulty in assessing remyelination in patients with current imaging techniques. Powerful new imaging technologies are making it easier to discern remyelination in patients, which is critical for the assessment of these new therapeutic strategies during clinical trials. This review will summarize what is currently known about remyelination failure in MS, strategies to overcome this failure, new therapeutic treatments in the pipeline for promoting remyelination in MS patients, and new imaging technologies for measuring remyelination in patients.
On Being Exposed to Expo '70: The AYO at Osaka (1970)

The Australian Youth Orchestra (AYO) performed at Expo'70 held at Osaka. The members of the AYO performed wonderfully and enthralled audiences.
A Process for the Design and Development of Novel Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) Mimetics With an Example: THR-184 (2022)

Growth Factors have been evaluated as therapeutic targets for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. Because they are proteins with pleiotropic effects, the quest to harness their beneficial effects has presented challenges. Most Growth Factors operate at the extracellular-receptor level and have natural feedback mechanisms that modulate their effects. As proteins, they are difficult and expensive to manufacture. Frequently proteins must be administered parenterally, may invoke an immune response, and may be neutralized by naturally occurring inhibitors. To circumvent these limitations, we have undertaken an effort to develop mimetics for the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway effects that incorporate the beneficial effects, eliminate the deleterious effects, and thereby create effective drug-like compounds.To this end, we have designed and tested a family of small peptide BMP mimetics. The design used the three-dimensional structure of BMP-7 to identify likely active surface regions. Lead sequences were then optimized based on <i>in vitro</i> assays that examine the selective binding to BMP receptors, demonstrate the phosphorylation of Smad-1,5,8, detect anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation, and block the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells. These sequences were further optimized using <i>in vivo</i> assays of the attenuation of acute kidney injury in a rat-model of unilateral clamp ischemic reperfusion. This process uses a Structure Variance Analysis algorithm (SVA) to identify structure/activity relationships. One member of this family, THR-184, is an agonist of BMP signaling and a potent antagonist of TGFβ signaling. This small peptide mimetic inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating multiple signaling pathways involved in the cellular injury of multiple organs. Its effects have been shown to control Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). THR-184 has progressed through phase I and II clinical trials for the prevention of Cardio-Vascular Surgery (CVS) associated AKI. This work provides a roadmap for the development of other growth factor mimetics and demonstrates how we might harness their therapeutic potential.
Nostalgia in the Homeland: On the German and Taiwanese Literature since the Nineties of the Twentieth Century (2009)

The research aims at analyzing three points: 1. How does the contemporary German literature demonstrate the problem of the Germans' identity with the old and the new homeland after the German reunification? 2. What kind of relationship between homeland and history does the Taiwanese ”228”-literature show? 3. Comparing the German with the Taiwanese literature, do they have similar or different problems with their own homeland? The result of a comparison with the German and Taiwanese literature could be used as a precedent for both countries. The German as well as the Taiwanese literature point out that the identity with homeland is always connected with the historical consciousness, and that the unaccepted historical memories and the evolutionistic conception of history can simply evoke the alienation of homeland. Furthermore, the literature of both countries implies a proclamation that not until a breakthrough in the prevailing writing and interpretation of history and politics of history is achieved, an equal and intercultural communication can be started.
Implementation and Experimental Evaluation of a Collision-Free MAC\n Protocol for WLANs (2014)

Collisions are a main cause of throughput degradation in Wireless LANs. The\ncurrent contention mechanism for these networks is based on a random backoff\nstrategy to avoid collisions with other transmitters. Even though it can reduce\nthe probability of collisions, the random backoff prevents users from achieving\nCollision-Free schedules, where the channel would be used more efficiently.\nModifying the contention mechanism by waiting for a deterministic timer after\nsuccessful transmissions, users would be able to construct a Collision-Free\nschedule among successful contenders. This work shows the experimental results\nof a Collision-Free MAC (CF-MAC) protocol for WLANs using commercial hardware\nand open firmware for wireless network cards which is able to support many\nusers. Testbed results show that the proposed CF-MAC protocol leads to a better\ndistribution of the available bandwidth among users, higher throughput and\nlower losses than the unmodified WLANs clients using a legacy firmware.\n
Radical Transfer Hydrosilylation/Cyclization Using Silylated Cyclohexadienes (2001)

[reaction: see text] A new method for mild metal-free hydrosilylation is described. Silylated cyclohexadienes are used as radical transfer hydrosilylating reagents for various double and triple bonds. A trialkylsilane is transferred from a cyclohexadiene moiety to an alkene. The hydrosilylation can be combined with a C-C bond formation as shown for the preparation of silylated cycloalkanes from the corresponding dienes.
Accuracy and stability of integration algorithms for elastoplastic constitutive relations (1985)

Abstract An analysis of accuracy and stability of algorithms for the integration of elastoplastic constitutive relations is carried out in this paper. Reference is made to a very general internal variable formulation of plasticity and to two families of algorithms that generalize the well‐known trapezoidal and midpoint rules to fit the present context. Other integration schemes such as the radial return, mean normal and closest point procedures are particular cases of this general formulation. The meaning of first and second‐order accuracy in the presence of the plastic consistency condition is examined in detail, and the criteria derived are used to identify two second‐order accurate members of the proposed algorithms. A general methodology is also derived whereby the numerical stability properties of integration schemes can be systematically assessed. With the aid of this methodology, the generalized midpoint rule is seen to have far better stability properties than the generalized trapezoidal rule. Finally, numerical examples are presented that illustrate the performance of the algorithms.
Slant Haar transform (1974)

The slant Haar transform (SHT) is defined and related to ,the slant Walsh-Hadamard transform (SWHT). A fast algorithm for the SHT is presented and its computational complexity computed. In most applications, the SHT is faster and performs as well as the SWHT.
Abstract P676: Association of Lipoprotein Subfractions With Atherosclerosis in the Baseline Sample of ELSA-Brasil Cohort Study - A Cross-Sectional Analysis (2023)

Introduction: The association between lipoprotein subparticles and atherosclerosis is not consistent in literature. For example, it is still unclear whether low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLP), high-density lipoprotein particles (HDLP), and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLP) were associated with carotid artery plaque (CAP) in adult population. Objective: We analyzed the cross-sectional association of LDLP, HDLP, and TRLP subparticles with CAP at ELSA-Brasil baseline. Methods: Data from 3801 participants (median age of 50.0[44.0-57.0] years, 54.3% of women) with no previous cardiovascular (CV) disease and without using lipid-lowering medications were analyzed. CAP presence was assessed by ultrasound images, while LDLP (total, large, medium and small), HDLP (total, large, medium and small) and TRLP (total, very large, large, medium, small and very small) were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Logistic regression models included all lipoprotein subparticles simultaneously and were adjusted by sociodemographic (age, sex, ethnicity, education, private health insurance) and CV risk factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of CV disease, diabetes, hypertension), with odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval according to 1 standard deviation increase in the predictor. Results: The prevalence of CAP was 33.9% (n=1287). Participants with CAP had higher age (median 55.0 vs. 47.0, p&lt;0.001), higher prevalence of males (55.7% vs. 40.6%, p&lt;0.001), of non-Whites (57.4% vs. 53.7%, p=0.028), and of lower education attainment (22.3% vs. 12.3%, p&lt;0.001), as well as greater burden of CV risk factors than participants without CAP (current smoking [22.1% vs. 14.1%], family history of CV disease [29.7% vs. 23.6%], diabetes [20.1% vs. 11.9%] and hypertension [38.7% vs. 21.8%], p&lt;0.001), LDL-Cholesterol [median 127.3 vs. 115.2, p&lt;0.001] and Triglycerides [median 112.4 vs. 100.5, p&lt;0.001]). Lipoprotein subparticles were majority correlated (p&lt;0.05). Among the lipoprotein classes (total TRLP, LDLP and HDLP), only total LDLP (OR: 1.89 [1.47; 2.44], p&lt;0.001) was associated with CAP. All the LDLP subparticles were associated with CAP: large (OR: 1.64 [1.27; 2.11], p&lt;0.001), medium (OR: 1.38 [1.08; 1.76], p=0.010) and small (OR: 1.58 [1.20; 2.07], p=0.001). The TRLP subparticles of small (OR: 1.42 [1.11; 1.82], p=0.006) and very small size (OR: 1.37 [1.05; 1.79], p=0.022) were also associated with CAP. Conclusion: The LDLP (large, medium and small) and TRLP (small and very small) were associated with CAP beyond sociodemographic and CV risk factors. This finding is in line with CV risk burden of large LDLP besides small LDLP and highlights a potential role of TRLP in atherosclerosis. However, further investigation between LDLP and TRLP with CAP progression is still needed.
Predicting advertising effectiveness by facial expressions in response to amusing persuasive stimuli. (2014)

We present a psychophysiological study of facial expressions of happiness (FEH) produced by advertisements using the FaceReader system (Noldus, 2013) for automatic analysis of facial expressions of basic emotions (FEBE; Ekman, 1972). FaceReader scores were associated with self-reports of the advertisement’s effectiveness. Building on work describing the role of emotions in marketing research, we examined the relationship between the patterns of the FEBE and the perceived amusement of the advertisements, attitude toward the advertisement (AAD) and attitude toward the brand (AB). Differences were observed between FEH scores in response to high-, medium-, and low-amusing video advertisements (AVAs). Positive correlations were found between FEH and AAD and FEH and AB in high- and medium- but not in low-AVAs. As hypothesized, other basic emotions (sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust) did not predict advertisement amusement or advertisements’ effectiveness. FaceReader enabled a detailed analysis of more than 120,000 frames of video-recordings contributing to an identification of global patterns of facial reactions to amusing persuasive stimuli. For amusing commercials, context-specific FEH features were found to be the major indicators of advertisement effectiveness. The study used video-recordings of participants in their natural environments obtained through a crowd-sourcing platform. The naturalistic design of the study strengthened its ecological validity and demonstrated the robustness of the software algorithms even under austere conditions. Our findings provide first evidence for the applicability of FaceReader methodology in the basic consumer science research.
Optimizing buffer management for reliable multicast (2003)

Reliable multicast delivery requires that a multicast message be received by all members in a group. Hence certain or all members need to buffer messages for possible retransmissions. Designing an efficient buffer management algorithm is challenging in large multicast groups where no member has complete group membership information and the delivery latency to different members could differ by orders of magnitude. We propose an innovative two-phase buffering algorithm, which explicitly addresses variations in delivery latency seen in large multicast groups. The algorithm effectively reduces buffer requirements by adaptively allocating buffer space to messages most needed in the system and by spreading the load of buffering among all members in the group. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm has good performance.
Hubble Space TelescopeImaging of the Circumstellar Nebulosity of T Tauri (1998)

Short-exposure Planetary Camera images of T Tauri have been obtained using broadband lters spanning the wavelength range 0.550.80 km. The optically visible star lies very close to an arc of reection nebulosity. The arcs northern arm extends approximately 5A from the star, while its southwestern arm appears brighter and extends only 2A. The arc shows an approximate symmetry along an axis toward the west-northwest, the direction of Hinds Nebula and the blueshifted molecular outow. The morphology of the reected light is similar to models of scattered light within an illuminated, axisymmetric outow cavity in a circumbinary envelope, viewed B45 from the outow axis. However, our model images do not successfully account for the amount of limb brightening that is seen. No optical counterpart to the infrared companion is seen to a limiting magnitude of V \ 19.6, which suggests mag toward this A V [ 7 source. There is no evidence for an optical tertiary, to a limiting *V \ 5.1 mag fainter than the primary, at the position where such an object has been previously reported.
Failure Mechanics—Part I: The Coordination Between Elasticity Theory and Failure Theory for all Isotropic Materials (2014)

Failure mechanics is comprised of the failure theory for homogeneous and isotropic materials along with all of its implications and applications. The present failure theory is found to have an intimate connection with elasticity behavior even though plasticity may also transpire. This becomes apparent and useful when the classical theory of elasticity is renormalized to give a simpler and more transparent (but still exact) formalism. The connection or coordination between elasticity and failure then explicitly occurs through the use of the renormalized Poisson's ratio to characterize the ductility of failure. With this unification of failure theory and elasticity theory, failure mechanics can be extended to explain other anomalous aspects of mechanical behavior and prepare it for applications.
Influence of leaky surface acoustic wave velocity of glass substrates on frequency variation of ZnO/glass SAW filters (1999)

During the manufacture of ZnO/glass surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, two kinds of problems sometimes arise. One is that the average frequency of the SAW filters changes greatly depending on the production lot of glass sheets. The other is that SAW filters made from the same production lot of glass sheets have largely separated double peaks in the frequency distribution. Previously, it had been considered that the frequency variation of ZnO/glass SAW filters depended on such factors as the ZnO film thickness and its elastic quality. The authors focused on the glass substrates as the cause of this variation and measured the leaky SAW (LSAW) velocity on the glass substrates using an ultrasonic microscope to clarify the mechanism. As a result, it was clarified that the LSAW velocities on the glass substrates showed a large variation within and between production lots of glass sheets, and the frequency of ZnO/glass SAW filters largely depended on the LSAW velocity on glass substrates. Moreover, the authors clarified the cause of the difference in the LSAW velocity between glass substrates and were able to reduce the variation of the LSAW velocity.
Mathematical modelling of oleic acid epoxidation via a chemo-enzymatic route – From reaction mechanisms to reactor model (2021)

The immobilized enzyme lipase acts as an efficient, selective and durable catalyst in the direct transformation of unsaturated carboxylic acids to epoxides, which are used as chemical intermediates and bio-lubricants. Experimental data obtained from the epoxidation of a model molecule, oleic acid in a laboratory-scale isothermal batch reactor were critically evaluated and mathematically modelled in the most precise way. Several rival surface reaction mechanisms were proposed and rate equations based on these mechanisms were derived. The rate equations were implemented in a multiphase model for the laboratory-scale batch reactor and the kinetic and adsorption parameters included in the rate equations were estimated with non-linear regression analysis. Based on the parameter estimation statistics and chemical knowledge, the most plausible kinetic models for the chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of oleic acid on the immobilized lipase catalyst were selected. The best kinetic models gave a good reproduction of the experimental data. The models can be used to predict the performance of enzymatic epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
Ultraviolet-B Treatment of Psoriasis in Patients With Concomitant Vitiligo (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Psoriasis and vitiligo are relatively common skin diseases in the general population, although the concurrence of both diseases used to be thought uncommon. In 1982, Koransky and Roenigk<sup>1</sup>reported both diseases in seven patients over a period of three years, and suggested that such concurrence is probably not unusual. At the phototherapy unit, of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, three such patients were treated for psoriasis with ultraviolet light in the B range (UV-B) using a standard protocol. In all three cases, psoriasis was cleared with UV-B. Despite the use of UV-B exposure doses equivalent to those employed in patients without vitiligo, phototoxicity was not more frequent. This report emphasizes the efficacy of inducible photoprotection by nonmelanin mechanisms. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 63-year-old woman of skin type II was successfully treated for psoriasis of two years' duration with UV-B phototherapy between December