gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Crystallographic Analysis of Substrate Binding and Conformational Changes in Acetyl-CoA Synthetase, (2007)

The adenylate-forming enzymes, including acyl-CoA synthetases, the adenylation domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), and firefly luciferase, perform two half-reactions in a ping-pong mechanism. We have proposed a domain alternation mechanism for these enzymes whereby, upon completion of the initial adenylation reaction, the C-terminal domain of these enzymes undergoes a 140 degrees rotation to perform the second thioester-forming half-reaction. Structural and kinetic data of mutant enzymes support this hypothesis. We present here mutations to Salmonella enterica acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) and test the ability of the enzymes to catalyze the complete reaction and the adenylation half-reaction. Substitution of Lys609 with alanine results in an enzyme that is unable to catalyze the adenylate reaction, while the Gly524 to leucine substitution is unable to catalyze the complete reaction yet catalyzes the adenylation half-reaction with activity comparable to the wild-type enzyme. The positions of these two residues, which are located on the mobile C-terminal domain, strongly support the domain alternation hypothesis. We also present steady-state kinetic data of putative substrate-binding residues and demonstrate that no single residue plays a dominant role in dictating CoA binding. We have also created two mutations in the active site to alter the acyl substrate specificity. Finally, the crystallographic structures of wild-type Acs and mutants R194A, R584A, R584E, K609A, and V386A are presented to support the biochemical analysis.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(phenyltetrazolato)-germanium(IV) and -tin(IV) porphyrins (1988)

Bis(phenyltetrazolato)-germanium(IV) and -tin(IV) metalloporphyrins have been synthesized by the action of benzonitrile on diazido-germanium(IV) and -tin(IV) porphyrins. The structure of the complexes studied has been demonstrated on the basis of elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H n.m.r., i.r., and u.v.–visible spectroscopy.
Comparison of Conventional and Low Solidity Vaned Diffusers (1993)

Test results are presented comparing the aerodynamic performance of single stage centrifugal compressors with thin flat plate, low solidity vaned diffusers to conventional thin vaned diffusers. The test data were acquired from a low Mach number process gas compressor and a high Mach number industrial air compressor. The data are all normalized relative to baseline vaneless diffuser results. Performance parameters of stability, head rise to surge, overload flow margin, and stage efficiency are compared. The low solidity vane inlet incidence angle is shown to be an important design parameter that influences both compressor operating range and efficiency.
Wireless Battery Charging System using Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (2004)

It seems these days that everyone has a cellular phone. Whether yours is for business purposes or personal use, you need an efficient way of charging the battery in the phone. But, like most people, you probably don't like being tethered to the wall. Imagine a system where your cellular phone battery is always charged. No more worrying about forgetting to charge the battery. Sound Impossible? It is the focus of this thesis to discuss the first step toward realizing this goal. A system will be presented using existing antenna and charge pump technology to charge a cellular phone battery without wires. In this first step, we will use a standard phone, and incorporate the charging technology into a commercially available base station. The base station will contain an antenna tuned to 915MHz and a charge pump. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and hopefully pave the way for a system incorporated into the phone for charging without the use of a base station.
Emerging Therapies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2012)

The introduction of new therapies has opened new therapeutic hopes in the field of treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). CLL is extremely heterogeneous in its clinical course; some patients live for decades with no need for treatment, whereas others develop aggressive clinical course with a survival of less than 2-3 years. The decision to treat CLL patients should be guided by clinical staging, the presence of symptoms and disease activity
Applications of network synthesis and zero-pole analysis in transducer modeling (2013)

When a transducer is an immutable component of a larger system being simulated, it is sufficient that the transducer model correctly reproduce behavior only at the available ports of the transducer. The behavior of two-port electroacoustic transducer should be completely characterized by three transfer functions related to the electrical and acoustic termination impedance and the transfer impedance. To the extent that the transducer could be represented as a analog circuit of passive linear elements, the same circuit could be exactly represented by rational polynomials of the Laplace s, embodied as a set of poles and zeros of the transfer functions. This invites the reverse process of identifying poles and zeros by nonlinear curve fit of rational polynomials to measured transfer data, perhaps even synthesizing a circuit directly from the identified poles and zeros. Measured transducer transfer data have been fit demonstrating both the utility and the pitfalls of this method. Curve fit transfer functions can be a compact and faithful representation of complex data over frequency, but have no predictive value outside the given data. Judicious selection of the number of poles and zeros, initial values, proper constraints, and some physical insight are necessary for stable curve fits. Further investigation into the relationship among the transfer functions of a physical system may lead to a meaningful model derived from curve fits.
Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Ejection Fraction (2008)

Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Ejection Fraction
Objectness estimation using edges (2015)

Generating object proposals before object detection has become a common way. In this paper, we present a novel method to measure the objectness of bounding boxes using edges. The contours play an important role in object localization and detection. The number of edges that are close to the boundary of a box has strong relationship with the likelihood of the box covering an object. In our method, we adopt a two-step scheme to generate object proposals. In the first step, we count the number of contours close to the box, where we use the proposed “Tile Algorithm” to wipe off the inner edges of a box. In the second step we re-rank the object proposals with a linear SVM classifier across all aspect-ratios for calibration. Experiments on the VOC2007 dataset show that we achieve 96.47% object detection rate with 1000 proposals.
Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (1994)

In uncomplicated cases, laparoscopic fundoplication has similar advantages to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In spite of the fact that it has not yet achieved the overall usefulness of open fundoplication, it seems likely that laparoscopic fundoplication will be used increasingly in the treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Expedition of sulfur‐containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update (2021)

This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
Quasicubic α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles with Excellent Catalytic Performance (2006)

Uniform quasicubic alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles enclosed by six identical {110} planes were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. TEM investigations revealed that they were formed through oriented attachment of primary nanocrystals assisted by Ostwald ripening, and PVP surfactant played an important role in control over the final morphology of the products. These quasicubic nanoparticles could catalyze oxidation of almost 100% CO at a temperature of 230 degrees C, much lower than those of nanophases with flowerlike, hollow, or other forms of irregular external morphologies having various crystal planes exposed to the gas, indicating that the external morphology and especially the exposure crystal planes of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanocatalyst affect the catalytic activity more significantly than the traditionally accepted factors (such as high BET surface area, hollow structure, etc.) do for CO catalytic oxidation.
Abstract 4521: AT2 Signaling is a Positive Prognostic and Therapeutic Modifier of Marfan Syndrome: Lessons on the Inequality of ACEi and ARBs (2009)

Marfan syndrome(MFS), a disorder that includes aortic aneurysm, is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene(FBN1). Murine models demonstrated that excess TGFβ signaling causes many manifestation...
Development of a reactor for the in situ monitoring of 2D materials growth on liquid metal catalysts, using synchrotron x-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy (2020)

Liquid metal catalysts (LMCats) (e.g., molten copper) can provide a new mass-production method for two-dimensional materials (2DMs) (e.g., graphene) with significantly higher quality and speed and lower energy and material consumption. To reach such technological excellence, the physicochemical properties of LMCats and the growth mechanisms of 2DMs on LMCats should be investigated. Here, we report the development of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor which allows the investigation of ongoing chemical reactions on the surface of a molten metal at elevated temperatures and under reactive conditions. The surface of the molten metal is monitored simultaneously using synchrotron x-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy, thereby providing complementary information about the atomic structure and chemical state of the surface. To enable in situ characterization on a molten substrate at high temperatures (e.g., ∼1370 K for copper), the optical and x-ray windows need to be protected from the evaporating LMCat, reaction products, and intense heat. This has been achieved by creating specific gas-flow patterns inside the reactor. The optimized design of the reactor has been achieved using multiphysics COMSOL simulations, which take into account the heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and transport of LMCat vapor inside the reactor. The setup has been successfully tested and is currently used to investigate the CVD growth of graphene on the surface of molten copper under pressures ranging from medium vacuum up to atmospheric pressure.
The Power of 1 + α for Memory-Efficient Bloom Filters (2011)

This paper presents a cache-aware Bloom-filter algorithm with improved cache behavior and lower false-positive rates compared to prior work. The algorithm relies on the power-of-two choice principle to provide a better distribution of set elements in a blocked Bloom filter. Instead of choosing a single block, we insert new elements into the less-loaded of two blocks to achieve a low false-positive rate while performing only two memory accesses on each insert or query operation. The paper also discusses an optimization technique to balance cache effectiveness with the false-positive rate to fine-tune the Bloom-filter properties.
Loss characterization in microcavities using the thermal bistability effect (2004)

We demonstrate a powerful method based on the thermal bistability effect to characterize distinct loss mechanisms limiting the quality factor of microresonators. The relative importance of absorption and scattering losses are investigated in toroidal microcavities using this technique. Empirical results on thermal nonlinearity of these structures have been used to study the interaction of microtoroids with their ambient environment.
Combined protein construct and synthetic gene engineering for heterologous protein expression and crystallization using Gene Composer (2009)

The results consistently demonstrate that protein yields from codon engineered Gene Composer designs are as good as or better than those achieved from the synonymous native genes. Moreover, structure guided N- and C-terminal deletion constructs designed with the aid of Gene Composer can lead to greater success in gene to structure work as exemplified by the X-ray crystallographic structure determination of FtsZ from Bacillus subtilis. These results validate the Gene Composer algorithms, and suggest that using a combination of synthetic gene and protein construct engineering tools can improve the economics of gene to structure research.
Uptake and Persistence of Metepa and Hempa in the House Fly12 (1968)

Journal Article Uptake and Persistence of Metepa and Hempa in the House Fly Get access Philip B. Morgan, Philip B. Morgan Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malcolm C. Bowman, Malcolm C. Bowman Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. C. LaBrecque G. C. LaBrecque Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 61, Issue 3, 1 June 1968, Pages 805–808, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.3.805 Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Accepted: 04 February 1968 Published: 01 June 1968
Regulation of Forkhead Transcription Factor FoxO3a Contributes to Calorie Restriction‐induced Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease‐type Amyloid Neuropathology and Spatial Memory Deterioration (2008)

Forkhead transcription factor FoxO3a, also known as DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans, is a key regulator of the insulin receptor (IR)/insulin-like growth factor-I signaling pathway mediated extension of life span in worms and yeast. In this study, we report that calorie restriction (CR)-mediated activation of the IR signaling pathway leads to hyperphosphorylation of FoxO3a transcription factor and, consequently, its exclusion from the nucleus. This inactivation of FoxO3a activity is correlated with attenuation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type amyloid neuropathology and with preservation of spatial reference memory in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Further, in vitro studies reveal that exogenous expression of viral, triple-mutant, constitutively active FoxO3a resulting in increased nuclear FoxO3a activity in primary neuron cultures derived from Tg2576 mouse embryos, causally promotes AD amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) levels by inhibiting nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase activity, indicating the existence of an inverse correlation between FoxO3a activity and cerebral Abeta amyloidosis. Moreover, we report for the first time that the exclusion of the FoxO3a transcription factor from the nucleus in combination with inhibition of nuclear FoxO3a activity by SIRT1-mediated deacetylation in response to CR is a mechanism resulting in the repression of Rho-associated protein kinase-1 gene expression, thereby activating nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein and lowering Abeta generation. This study provides a novel metabolic pathway for prevention and/or treatment of AD.
Application of ecosystem services in natural resource management decision making (2016)

An ecosystem services (ES) approach to natural resource management (NRM) can provide the framework for balancing economic, ecological, and societal drivers in decision making. The efficacy of such an approach depends on the successful execution of several key activities, from early and continuous engagement with relevant stakeholders, to development and application of ecological production functions (EPFs), to explicit recognition of uncertainty in the process. Although there are obstacles to the implementation of an ES approach in NRM, including unclear regulatory and policy frameworks and the paucity of useful EPFs, many of the tools are currently available or sufficiently developed. An ES approach can and, in some cases, should involve qualitative rather than quantitative assessment when the stakes are not very high or when quantitative approaches would not be cost effective because of highly uncertain results. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:74-84. © 2016 SETAC.
Tumor bed irradiation enhances sensitivity of A431 tumor xenografts to C225 anti-EGFR antibody (2008)

1318 Introduction: C225 strongly enhances tumor radioresponse when given concurrently with radiotherapy. Recently we reported that maintenance therapy with C225 after radiotherapy further increases tumor radiocurability in A431 tumor xenografts (Milas IJROBP 67, 568, 2007). Among mechanisms considered responsible for this effect was an enhanced response of irradiated vasculature of tumor bed to the antiangiogenic actions of C225. To determine the involvement of this mechanism, the present study assessed whether C225 exerts stronger antitumor effect on tumors that grow in pre-irradiated than in unirradiated tumor bed. Tumors bed effect denotes slower growth of tumors transplanted into irradiated tissue.  Material and Methods: The right hind legs of nude mice were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy γ-rays, and one day later A431 tumor cells were injected sc to generate tumors. Tumors were also generated in unirradiated mouse legs. When tumors grew to 5 mm in diameter, the mice were treated ip with 3 doses of 1 mg C225 per mouse given 3 days apart. Tumor doubling time (TDT) was defined as time (days) for tumors to grow from 5 to 10 mm. At 6 days after the 1st dose of C225 tumor tissue was taken for immunohistochemistry (IM). The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was defined as the percentage of positive nuclei out of 103 cells counted. Tumor necrotic area was determined on H&E stained slides by image analysis.  Results: Tumor bed irradiation delayed tumor take and slowed the growth of established tumors, indicating a pronounced tumor bed effect. Treatment withC225 greatly reduced tumor take, which was more pronounced in the irradiated tumor bed. C225 only modestly delayed the growth of established tumors in the unirradiated tumor bed, but it dramatically reduced tumor growth in the irradiated tumor bed (TDT: control 7d, C225 10d, tumor bed irradiation 48d, C225 after tumor bed irradiation 98d). IM analysis showed a more pronounced antiproliferative effect of C225 against A431 tumor cells in the irradiated tumor bed than in the unirradiated tumor bed (Ki-67 LI: 12% vs 39%). Also, C225 increased the percentage of necrosis much more in tumors grown in the irradiated than in unirradiated tumor bed: 68% vs 5%.  Conclusion: C225 strongly enhanced tumor bed effect, which at the cellular level was accompanied by decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell necrosis. These findings imply that irradiated tumor bed blood vessels exhibit increased sensitivity to antiangiogenic actions of C225, and thereby further support the concept of C225 maintenance after completion of radiotherapy we previously advanced.
Automated Construction of Equivalent Electrical Circuit Models for Electromagnetic Components and Systems (2014)

The description of electromagnetic components and systems by electrical circuit models is indispensable for a wide range of applications: In the field of EMC, electrical circuit models are ideally suited for the detection of EMC coupling paths, which are very difficult to track for 3D geometries. In the field of numerical optimization techniques, electrical circuit models offer short simulation times and allow the coupling of the electromagnetic domain to other physical domains. In the field of power electronics, electrical circuit models describe energy dissipation due to parasitic electromagnetic interactions. The construction of an equivalent electrical circuit model is in general cumbersome and less formalized than a description in terms of electromagnetic fields. No general and reliable technique for the automated construction of equivalent electrical circuit models exists. The aim of this thesis is the development of a technique that allows a fully automated construction of equivalent electrical circuit models from 3D geometry information. Instead of constructing the circuit directly from geometry data, our approach consists of reducing a field-theoretical model to an equivalent electrical circuit model. In this way, we exploit the generality of the field-theoretical approach, which can be applied for a wide range of geometries using state-of-the-art simulation techniques. The electromagnetic effects having the largest impact in the frequency range of interest are then used for the construction of the electrical circuit model. The circuit elements can be seen as condensed representations of these field-theoretical processes. The reduction process allows a very direct assessment of the accuracy of the electrical circuit model.
Analysis and evaluation of DTC and FOC in open phase fault operation of six-phase induction machines (2008)

This paper provides analysis and evaluation of two main control methods: field orientation and direct torque control, for controlling a six phase induction motor under normal and open phase fault conditions. The machine has two three phase windings spatially phase shifted by 60 electrical degrees with one common neutral point. The dynamic model of the machine is based on the transformation to orthogonal spaces. Based on the theoretical analysis, experimental test results have prepared to show ability of each controlling method in open phase fault conditions for six phase induction motors.
Aromatic adsorption on metals via first-principles density functional theory (2009)

We review first-principles calculations relevant to the adsorption of aromatic molecules on metal surfaces. Benzene has been intensively studied on a variety of substrates, providing an opportunity to comment upon trends from one metal to another. Meanwhile, calculations elucidating the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic molecules are more sparse, but nevertheless yield important insights into the role of non-covalent interactions. Heterocyclic and substituted aromatic compounds introduce the complicating possibility of electronic and steric effects, whose relative importance can thus far only be gauged on a case-by-case basis. Finally, the coadsorption and/or reaction of aromatic molecules is discussed, highlighting an area where the predictive power of theory is likely to prove decisive in the future.
Domicilium citandi et executandi – do you really understand this term? (2017)

In simple terms domicilium citandi et executandi means the address one elects for the purpose of receiving all legal notices and processes. This is applicable to all contractual arrangements including, among others, the entering of lease agreements, loan agreements and financial agreements.