gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association Between Operating Room Noise and Team Cognitive Workload in Cardiac Surgery (2022)

Excessive intra-operative noise in cardiac surgery has the potential to serve as source of distraction and additional cognitive workload for the surgical team, and may interfere with optimal performance. The separation from bypass phase is a technically complex phase of surgery, making it highly susceptible to communication breakdowns due to high cognitive demands and requiring tightly coupled team coordination. The objective of this study was to investigate team cognitive workload levels and communication in relation to intra-operative time periods representative of infrequent vs. frequent peaks in ambient noise. Compared to 5-minute segments with no peaks in noise at all, segments with the highest percentage of noise peaks (≥10%) were significantly associated with higher team members' heart rate before, during, and after noise segments analyzed. These noisier segments were also associated with a significantly higher level of case-irrelevant communication events. These data suggest that case-irrelevant conversations associated with a greater degree of excessive peaks in noise may be associated with team workload levels, warranting further investigation into efforts to standardize communication during critical surgical phases.
LEUKOCYTE BETA-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF GENERALIZED GM, GANGLIOSIDOSIS (1972)

GM1 generalized gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease, characterized by the storage of GM1 ganglioside in brain and visceral tissues secondary to a deficiency of the enzyme β-galactosidase. The enzyme deficiency found in brain, liver, and cultured flbroblasts is also present in the leukocyte. Using leukocytes as the test tissue two GM1 gangliosidosis putients were clearly identified from patients with clinically similar storage diseases. The enzyme activity in obligate heterozygotes showed intermediate levels between their affected children and normal controls, suggesting that heterozygotes may be identified using the leukocyte as the test tissue.
Determination of Vinylmagnesium Halide Reagents by High-performance Liquid Chromatography After Reaction With Anthraldehyde (1997)

A reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for the determination of vinylmagnesium chloride and vinylmagnesium bromide, based on the assay of 1-(9-anthryl)propen-2-ol, the product in the reaction between a vinylmagnesium halide and 9-anthraldehyde. The HPLC system with UV detection and an acetonitrile–water mobile phase containing phosphoric acid buffer was used for the separation and quantification of the reaction product after extraction. The method is selective for 1-(9-anthryl)propen-2-ol and linear response was established at 227 nm in the 0.002 to 0.5 mg ml–1 concentration range. Vinylmagnesium halide concentration was calculated by using benzophenone as an external reference standard to standardize the response of authentic 1-(9-anthryl)propen-2-ol.
Improved preservation of bacterial exopolymers for scanning electron microscopy (1992)

SUMMARY Two methods of sample preparation, originally developed for transmission electron microscopy and better at preserving bacterial exopolymers than the traditional fixation with glutaraldehyde, were adapted for scanning electron microscopy. The first involves a glutaraldehyde‐lysine mixture as a fixative. The second, based on the use of polycationic ferritin, was modified to include a post‐fixation step with either glutaraldehyde or a glutaraldehyde‐lysine mixture. These techniques were found to improve considerably the preservation of exopolymers secreted by three bacterial strains.
Control of coal combustion SO[sub 2] and NO[sub x] emissions by in-boiler injection of CMA (1992)

The principal objectives of the proposed research are two-fold: (A) To understand the mechanism and assess the effectiveness of sulfur capture by the chemical calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). And (B) To evaluate the NO[sub x] reduction capabilities of CMA by burning the organic constituents of the chemical (the acetate) and reducing NO to stable N[sub 2] The optimum conditions and the location of CMA introduction in the furnace will be identified. To achieve these goals water solutions of CMA or dry powders of CMA will be injected into hot air or gases simulating the furnace exhaust (containing CO[sub 2], SO[sub x] NO[sub x], H[sub 2]O, O[sub 2] etc.) and the composition of gaseous and solid products of the reaction will be monitored. The processes of burning the organic acetate as well as the calcination, sintering and sulfation of the remaining solid will be studied in detail.
Study on performance of multi-secondary movable loosely coupled transformer for contactless power transfer system (2014)

Contactless power transfer (CPT) system is widely used in high power recently. The characteristics of contactless transformer in CPT system have powerful influences to the performance of whole system. This paper studies the performance on movable loosely coupled transformer (MLCT) for CPT system, which can be used in rail transit system. Making use of 3D finite element methods, this paper investigates the factors influencing on the output voltage stability, including the longitudinal displacement, the air gap and the rotation angle around different axis. The results of such studies verify that a reasonable structural design of multi-secondary partly contributes to improve voltage stability.
Critical role for lactate dehydrogenase A in aerobic glycolysis that sustains pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell proliferation (2010)

Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells possess both highly proliferative and angiogenic capacities, yet it is unclear how these cells sustain the metabolic requirements essential for such growth. Rapidly proliferating cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to sustain growth, which is characterized by glucose consumption, glucose fermentation to lactate, and lactic acidosis, all in the presence of sufficient oxygen concentrations. Lactate dehydrogenase A converts pyruvate to lactate necessary to sustain rapid flux through glycolysis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells express lactate dehydrogenase A necessary to utilize aerobic glycolysis and support their growth. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) growth curves were conducted over a 7-day period. PMVECs consumed glucose, converted glucose into lactate, and acidified the media. Restricting extracellular glucose abolished the lactic acidosis and reduced PMVEC growth, as did replacing glucose with galactose. In contrast, slow-growing pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) minimally consumed glucose and did not develop a lactic acidosis throughout the growth curve. Oxygen consumption was twofold higher in PAECs than in PMVECs, yet total cellular ATP concentrations were twofold higher in PMVECs. Glucose transporter 1, hexokinase-2, and lactate dehydrogenase A were all upregulated in PMVECs compared with their macrovascular counterparts. Inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase A activity and expression prevented lactic acidosis and reduced PMVEC growth. Thus PMVECs utilize aerobic glycolysis to sustain their rapid growth rates, which is dependent on lactate dehydrogenase A.
Phosphate utilization by the fungal root endophyte Piriformospora indica (2015)

The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica increases plant resistance and tolerance to stress and promotes plant growth, but its ability to support plant nutrition is still controversially discussed. Irrespective of a potential nutrient transport towards the plant, the fungus might release P from sources unavailable for plant usage by transformation to available forms. To test this hypothesis, sterile solid and liquid in vitro cultures of P. indica supplied with different organic and inorganic P sources were established. Cultures were investigated for growth, solubilised P, enzyme activities, RNA accumulation of the four genes encoding phosphate transporters and the two genes for acid phosphatases and phytases respectively found in P. indica genome, and for pH values in the media. P. indica growth was higher in the presence of inorganic P than in organic P sources. Significant amounts of P were solubilised by P. indica from Ca3(PO4)2 and rock phosphate. However, no relevant intra- or extracellular enzymatic activity was detected despite RNA accumulation of related genes. In general, the genes were all repressed by higher amounts of inorganic P and were expressed the most when the fungus received phytate. We observed a decrease in medium pH in the presence of P. indica irrespective of the P source. P. indica is able to solubilise phosphate from inorganic, but not from organic P sources. This P solubilisation is not due to enzymatic activities but rather to the lowering of the medium pH.
Comparison of the effect of elastic and viscoelastic modeling of PCBs on the assessment of board level reliability (2017)

The assessment of board level solder joint reliability during thermal cycling is very important for electronic packages. During thermal cycling, the mismatch in Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) between the materials used in the package induces stress on the solder interconnects and results in deformation and stresses. Finite element tools are widely used for rapid design optimization and also for understanding board level reliability issues. Lumped board modeling approach, explicit geometry approach, and ECAD approach are the three widely used approaches for creating models for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Mapping the metal fraction in each layer from ECAD data usually results in highly accurate and fast solutions. However, in situations where the ECAD data is not available the lump approach is employed as explicit geometry approach requires very large mesh size and very long solution times. In the lump approach, orthotropic elastic material properties are assigned to PCBs. However, for temperatures near and beyond the glass transition temperature, materials behave in a viscoelastic manner. In which case, considering viscoelastic properties would result in a more accurate representation than the orthotropic elastic lump model. In this paper, we present a comparative study on the orthotropic linear elastic and viscoelastic modeling of PCBs and how it affects the board level reliability of Wafer Chip Scale Package (WCSP) under thermal cycling. The viscoelastic material properties of PCBs are characterized using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA). The frequency and temperature dependent complex moduli are obtained from the DMA. The obtained results are used to model the PCBs as viscoelastic materials on ANSYS 17.2. Thermal cycling is performed in ANSYS and the results obtained are compared to those obtained from the elastic modeling of PCBs.
Supra-anal Organ: a Defensive Mechanism of the Furniture Carpet Beetle, Anthrenus flavipes (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)1 (1978)

Journal Article Supra-anal Organ: a Defensive Mechanism of the Furniture Carpet Beetle, Anthrenus flavipes (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Get access Michael Ma, Michael Ma 2Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706.3Stored Products and Household Insects Laboratory, Federal Research, Science and Education Administration, USDA, Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Wendell E. Burkholder, Wendell E. Burkholder 3Stored Products and Household Insects Laboratory, Federal Research, Science and Education Administration, USDA, Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stanley D. Carlson Stanley D. Carlson 2Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 71, Issue 5, 15 September 1978, Pages 718–723, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/71.5.718 Published: 15 September 1978 Article history Received: 06 March 1978 Published: 15 September 1978
A Method for Simultaneous Determination of Permeability and Porosity in Low-Permeability Cores (1988)

Summary A new method for simultaneously determining the permeability and porosity of low-permeability cores is described. This method uses unsteady-state gas flow, which results in rapid tests. Equations are presented that describe the pressure response as a function of porosity and permeability. Comparisons of results to numerical simulations and conventional core-analysis methods are presented that verify the method 's accuracy.
Nanomechanical Mapping of a Deformed Elastomer: Visualizing a Self-Reinforcement Mechanism (2016)

Mapping the structure evolution and mechanical properties of elastic polymers or biomaterials during bulk deformation has been difficult, yet this information has long been thought to be key for understanding the structure-mechanical property relationship necessary to guide the design of new materials. Here we use a nanomechanical mapping to assess the structural evolution and mechanical properties of a deformed isoprene rubber (IR) to elucidate a self-reinforcement mechanism in this material. A hierarchical nanofibrillar structure, ranging from several to a hundred nanometers in size, comprised of fibers oriented parallel to the stretching direction was found. The nanofibers, connected by oriented amorphous tie chains, form a network structure that is responsible for significantly enhanced stress, a key factor giving rise to the self-reinforcement of IR and, more than likely, most elastomers that undergo strained-induced crystallization.
Compost Composition and Application Rate Have a Greater Impact on Spinach Yield and Soil Fertility Benefits Than Feedstock Origin (2022)

Rapid urbanization results in the accumulation of food wastes that can be composted and diverted from landfills. Previous lab incubations demonstrated that food-based composts can increase soil N relative to manure-based composts, but these benefits were not tested within a crop system. We assessed soil fertility and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in two different soils in a greenhouse, comparing two food- and two manure-based composts added at the recommended N rate (101 kg N ha−1). We quantified soil N mineralization and resin-extractable phosphorus, spinach biomass (root and shoot), and crop nutrient concentrations and accumulation. Nitrogen mineralization generally peaked four weeks after application, and one food-based compost (but no manure-based composts) increased soil phosphorus at harvest compared to an unamended control. One manure-based compost and one food-based compost produced a higher yield and greater nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation than the unamended control, whereas only the food-based compost increased spinach phosphorus and potassium concentrations. There was a positive relationship between yield and compost inputs of potassium and plant-available nitrogen (especially nitrate), suggesting that potassium inputs may also explain differences observed among composts. Our results suggest that food-based compost provides more nutrients than composts made from cow manure fiber.
2902. Pertussis Antibody Levels in Preterm Infants After Maternal Tdap Immunization During Pregnancy (2019)

Abstract Background Maternal immunization with tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in the third trimester reduces infant pertussis, but data are lacking on how this strategy impacts pertussis antibody levels in large cohorts of preterm infants Methods We collected paired maternal delivery-cord sera from infants of women who received Tdap ≥7 days before birth. IgG to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbrial proteins (FIM) and pertactin (PRN) was quantified by Luminex assay (IU/mL). Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pertussis antibodies were calculated. Four infant groups were compared by weeks of gestation: very (&lt;32), moderate (32–33) and late preterm (34–36), and term (≥37). Results 344 preterm and 688 term mother-infant pairs were included. Among preterm infants, mean maternal age was 31.2 years (range 15.1–39.3); 37% were white, 37% Hispanic, 17% Black, 8% Asian and 1% other. Fifty-six were very preterm infants (16%, mean gestation 30.5 weeks), 82 moderate (24%, 33.1 weeks), and 206 late (60%, 35.4 weeks); 17 (5%) were born at &lt;30 weeks. For preterm infants, Tdap was administered at a mean gestation of 29.9 weeks (very 27.9; moderate 29.7; late 30.4; [P &lt; .001]), and at a mean interval of 29.3 days before delivery (very 17.9; moderate 24; late 34.5 [P &lt;.001]). Eleven (3%) women received Tdap during the second trimester (8 very, 2 moderate, 1 late). GMCs (95% CI) of pertussis-specific IgG at birth varied by gestation (table). Infant antibody levels as a proportion of maternal antibodies increased from 24 to 32% in infants &lt; 30 weeks to 117 to 132% in those ≥37 weeks (P&lt;.001). Conclusion Although levels are lower than in term infants, maternal immunization with Tdap results in substantial pertussis-specific antibodies in most preterm infants, especially late preterm infants. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
ECMO for Adult Respiratory Failure (2014)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used to support adults with severe forms of respiratory failure. Fueling the explosive growth is a combination of technological improvements and accumulating, although controversial, evidence. Current use of ECMO extends beyond its most familiar role in the support of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to treat patients with various forms of severe hypoxemic or hypercapnic respiratory failure, ranging from bridging patients to lung transplantation to managing pulmonary hypertensive crises. The role of ECMO used primarily for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in the support of patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure and less severe forms of ARDS is also evolving. Select patients with respiratory failure may be liberated from invasive mechanical ventilation altogether and some may undergo extensive physical therapy while receiving extracorporeal support. Current research may yield a true artificial lung with the potential to change the paradigm of treatment for adults with chronic respiratory failure.
Perfluorochemicals as US contrast agents for tumor imaging and hepatosplenography: preliminary clinical results. (1987)

In animals, perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are effective ultrasound (US) contrast agents that produce hepatic, splenic, and tumor enhancement. The use of Fluosol-DA 20%, an emulsion of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine, was studied in nine non-critically ill patients with cancer who had liver lesions. US studies without Fluosol were compared with studies obtained 24, 48, and 72 hours after Fluosol infusion. Vital signs and extensive laboratory analyses are performed before and after Fluosol infusion. Liver metastases from colonic, pancreatic, and gastric carcinoma exhibited rim or diffuse enhancement after a Fluosol dose of 1.6 g/kg or greater. Fluosol produced echogenic enhancement of the liver and spleen relative to kidney at a dose of 2.4 g/kg, allowing the detection of nonenhancing lesions. In addition, Fluosol at a dose of 1.6 g/kg or greater allowed detection of lesions not seen before contrast medium was administered in three of the seven patients studied. There was a mild increase in the level of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in two patients, one given 2.4 and the other 3.2 g/kg of Fluosol. Mild and transient allergic reactions without change in vital signs were experienced by two patients.
Comparisons of the Analgesic Effects of Oral and Intramuscular Oxymorphone and of Intramuscular Oxymorphone and Morphine in Patients with Cancer (1977)

The relative analgesic potency of oral and intramuscular oxymorphone was evaluated in a double-blind crossover comparison of graded single doses in patients with chronic pain due to cancer. When both duration and intensity of analgesia are considered (total effect), oral oxymorphone was 1/6 as potent as the intramuscular form. In terms of peak effect, however, oral oxymorphone was only 1/14 as potent. These values are almost identical to those obtained in a previous study comparing oral with intramuscular morphine. The analgesic effect of oral oxymorphone rose to a peak later and had a longer duration than the effect of intramuscular oxymorphone. Intramuscular oxymorphone and morphine were also compared in a similar patient group. Intramuscular oxymorphone proved to be 8.7 times as potent as morphine in terms of total analgesic effect and 13 times as potent in terms of peak effect. In roughly equinalgesic doses, the occurrence of side effects was qualitatively and quantitatively similar for oral and intramuscular oxymorphone and for intramuscular oxymorphone and morphine.
Combined spin filtering actions in hybrid magnetic junctions based on organic chains covalently attached to graphene (2022)

We present a bias-controlled spin-filtering mechanism in spin-valves including a hybrid organic chain/graphene interface. Wet growth conditions of oligomeric molecular chains would usually lead, during standard CMOS-compatible fabrication processes, to the quenching of spintronics properties of metallic spin sources due to oxidation. We demonstrate by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the use of a protective graphene layer fully preserves the metallic character of the ferromagnetic surface and thus its capability to deliver spin polarized currents. We focus here on a small aromatic chain of controllable lengths, formed by nitrobenzene monomers and derived from the commercial 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate, covalently attached to the graphene passivated spin sources thanks to electroreduction. A unique bias dependent switch of the spin signal is then observed in complete spin valve devices, from minority to majority spin carriers filtering. First-principles calculations are used to highlight the key role played by the spin-dependent hybridization of electronic states present at the different interfaces. Our work is a first step towards the exploration of spin transport using different functional molecular chains. It opens the perspective of atomic tailoring of magnetic junction devices towards spin and quantum transport control, thanks to the flexibility of ambient electrochemical surface functionalization processes.
Affinity, classification and distribution of Silurian and lowermost Devonian birkeniid anaspid scales in the Circum-Arctic, Baltoscandia and Britain. (1999)

Affinity, classification and distribution of Silurian and lowermost Devonian birkeniid anaspid scales in the Circum-Arctic, Baltoscandia and Britain.
Unilateral submandibular suppurative sialadenitis in a premature infant (2003)

Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suppurative submandibular sialadenitis may prevent complications such as abscess formation, septicaemia and respiratory failure.