gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal transport across Twin Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Graphene from Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2011)

We have studied the thermal conductance of tilt grain boundaries in graphene using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. When a constant heat flux is allowed to flow, we observe sharp jumps in temperature at the boundaries, characteristic of interfaces between materials of differing thermal properties. On the basis of the magnitude of these jumps, we have computed the boundary conductance of twin grain boundaries as a function of their misorientation angles. We find the boundary conductance to be in the range 1.5 × 10(10) to 4.5 × 10(10) W/(m(2) K), which is significantly higher than that of any other thermoelectric interfaces reported in the literature. Using the computed values of boundary conductances, we have identified a critical grain size of 0.1 μm below which the contribution of the tilt boundaries to the conductivity becomes comparable to that of the contribution from the grains themselves. Experiments to test the predictions of our simulations are proposed.
Change detection technique for muscle tone during static stretching by continuous muscle viscoelasticity monitoring using wearable indentation tester (2017)

Static stretching is widely performed to decrease muscle tone as a part of rehabilitation protocols. Finding out the optimal duration of static stretching is important to minimize the time required for rehabilitation therapy and it would be helpful for maintaining the patient's motivation towards daily rehabilitation tasks. Several studies have been conducted for the evaluation of static stretching; however, the recommended duration of static stretching varies widely between 15-30 s in general, because the traditional methods for the assessment of muscle tone do not monitor the continuous change in the target muscle's state. We have developed a method to monitor the viscoelasticity of one muscle continuously during static stretching, using a wearable indentation tester. In this study, we investigated a suitable signal processing method to detect the time required to change the muscle tone, utilizing the data collected using a wearable indentation tester. By calculating a viscoelastic index with a certain time window, we confirmed that the stretching duration required to bring about a decrease in muscle tone could be obtained with an accuracy in the order of 1 s.
Rare-Earth-Doped Planar Waveguide Amplifiers (1993)

Successes in Er-doped fiber amplifier research have stimulated the development of Er-doped glass planar waveguides because of their potential for application in compact active integrated devices. This technology will enable us to construct amplifiers or more complicated optical circuits on substrates with much shorter waveguides than the fiber-type circuits. As an initial step towards such integration, Nd-doped- and then, Er-doped waveguide devices have been reported which were fabricated using a number of different materials and fabrication techniques [1-11]. We have reported a planar waveguide laser, amplifiers and an integrated ring laser on silicon substrates which employ Er-doped silica-based planar lightwave circuits fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) and reactive ion etching (RIE) [1-7]. It is now essential that a method for designing planar amplifiers be developed in order to improve device performance and realize new active circuits.
Tonic arterial chemoreceptor activity contributes to cardiac sympathetic activation in mild ovine heart failure (2014)

Heart failure (HF) is associated with a large increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA), which has detrimental effects on the heart and promotes arrhythmias and sudden death. There is increasing evidence that arterial chemoreceptor activation plays an important role in stimulating renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in HF. Given that sympathetic nerve activity to individual organs is differentially controlled, we investigated whether tonic arterial chemoreceptor activation contributes to the increased CSNA in HF. We recorded CSNA and RSNA in conscious normal sheep and in sheep with mild HF induced by rapid ventricular pacing (ejection fraction <40%). Tonic arterial chemoreceptor function was evaluated by supplementing room air with 100% intranasal oxygen (2-3 l min(-1)) for 20 min, thereby deactivating chemoreceptors. The effects of hyperoxia on resting levels and baroreflex control of heart rate, CSNA and RSNA were determined. In HF, chemoreceptor deactivation induced by hyperoxia significantly reduced CSNA [90 ± 2 versus 75 ± 5 bursts (100 heart beats)(-1), P < 0.05, n = 10; room air versus hyperoxia] and heart rate (96 ± 4 versus 85 ± 4 beats min(-1), P < 0.001, n = 12). There was no change in RSNA burst incidence [93 ± 4 versus 92 ± 4 bursts (100 heart beats)(-1), n = 7], although due to the bradycardia the RSNA burst frequency was decreased (90 ± 8 versus 77 ± 7 bursts min(-1), P < 0.001). In normal sheep, chemoreceptor deactivation reduced heart rate without a significant effect on CSNA or RSNA. In summary, deactivation of peripheral chemoreceptors during HF reduced the elevated levels of CSNA, indicating that tonic arterial chemoreceptor activation plays a critical role in stimulating the elevated CSNA in HF.
Polycrystalline silicon formation by pulsed rapid thermal annealing of amorphous silicon (1996)

A method of forming polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) from amorphous silicon in several seconds is presented in this letter. This solid-phase crystallization process was carried out with the pulsed rapid thermal annealing method using a metal as the seed. The crystal-growth process was monitored with an optical microscope and the polysilicon structure was confirmed by a micro-Raman shift measurement. Polysilicon film within a 30-micrometer channel was formed using 3 pulses of 1-s 800 °C heating/5-s cooling. It took more than 13 h using a 500 °C furnace annealing method to form polysilicon film within a 12-micrometer channel. Since the substrate is only exposed to the high temperature for a very short period of time, heat effects in the substrate are minimized. This method has the potential for use in the fabrication of small geometry devices, such as thin film transistors, on large-area, low temperature glass substrates.
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling: a novel in vivo property of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (2000)

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (P=S ODNs) are frequently used as antisense agents to specifically interfere with the expression of cellular target genes. However, the cell biological properties of P=S ODNs are poorly understood. Here we show that P=S ODNs were able to continuously shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and that shuttling P=S ODNs retained their ability to act as antisense agents. The shuttling process shares characteristics with active transport since it was inhibited by chilling and ATP depletion in vivo. Transport was carrier-mediated as it was saturable, and nuclear pore complex-mediated as it was sensitive to treatment with wheatgerm agglutinin. Oligonucleotides without a P=S backbone chemistry were only weakly restricted in their migration by chilling, ATP depletion and wheatgerm agglutinin and thus moved by diffusion. P=S ODN shuttling was only moderately affected by disruption of the Ran/RCC1 system. We propose that P=S ODNs shuttle through their binding to yet unidentified cellular molecules that undergo nucleocytoplasmic transport via a pathway that is not as strongly dependent on the Ran/RCC1 system as nuclear export signal-mediated protein export, U-snRNA, tRNA and mRNA export. The shuttling property of P=S ODNs must be taken into account when considering the mode and site of action of these antisense agents.
The growth of β-BaB2O4 (β-BBO) crystal fibers by the micro-pulling down technique (2019)

International audience
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France (2022)

We aimed to investigate the immunoglobulin G response and neutralizing activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among primary health care workers (PHCW) in France and assess the association between the neutralizing activity and several factors, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination scheme. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10 May 2021 and 31 August 2021. Participants underwent capillary blood sampling and completed a questionnaire. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the S-1 portion of the spike (S) protein and neutralizing antibodies. In total, 1612 PHCW were included. The overall seroprevalences were: 23.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.6-25.7%) for antibodies against the N protein, 94.7% (93.6-95.7%) for antibodies against the S protein, and 81.3% (79.4-83.2%) for neutralizing antibodies. Multivariate regression analyses showed that detection of neutralizing antibodies was significantly more likely in PHCW with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than in those with no such history among the unvaccinated (odds ratio (OR) 16.57, 95% CI 5.96-59.36) and those vaccinated with one vaccine dose (OR 41.66, 95% CI 16.05-120.78). Among PHCW vaccinated with two vaccine doses, the detection of neutralizing antibodies was not significantly associated with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.86-2.07), but was more likely in those that received their second vaccine dose within the three months before study entry than in those vaccinated more than three months earlier (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.51-8.23). This study highlights that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and the time since vaccination should be considered when planning booster doses and the design of COVID-19 vaccine strategies.
Robust super-resolution (2005)

A robust approach for super-resolution is, presented, which is especially valuable in the presence of outliers. Such outliers may be due to motion errors, inaccurate blur models, noise, moving objects, motion blur etc. This robustness is needed since super-resolution methods are very sensitive to such errors. A robust median estimator is combined in an iterative process to achieve a super resolution algorithm. This process can increase resolution even in regions with outliers, where other super resolution methods actually degrade the image.
Electrostatic space radiation shielding (2006)

Abstract For the success of NASA’s new vision for space exploration to Moon, Mars and beyond, exposures from the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is ‘a must solve’ problem. The payload penalty demands a very stringent requirement on the design of the spacecrafts for human deep space missions. The exploration beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable routine access of space will require protection from the hazards of the accumulated exposures of space radiation, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE), and minimizing the production of secondary radiation is a great advantage. There is a need to look to new horizons for newer technologies. The present investigation revisits electrostatic active radiation shielding and explores the feasibility of using the electrostatic shielding in concert with the state-of-the-art materials shielding and protection technologies. The full space radiation environment has been used, for the first time, to explore the feasibility of electrostatic shielding. The goal is to repel enough positive charge ions so that they miss the spacecraft without attracting thermal electrons. Conclusions are drawn for the future directions of space radiation protection.
Usefulness of positron emission tomographic visualization for examination of in vivo susceptibility to metastasis (2000)

The current study suggests that immune surveillance suppresses accumulation of tumor cells to the target and suppresses metastasis, and this effect is obvious when small numbers of tumor cells are used for the challenge. Furthermore, the immune defense system plays a role in the early stage of the metastatic process.
Design of random noise generator using SW algorithm (2003)

A random noise generator uses a non-deterministic source to produce randomness. Most operate by measuring unpredictable natural processes, such as thermal noise, atmospheric noise, or nuclear decay. Critical cryptography applications require the production of an unpredictable and unbiased stream of binary data derived from a fundamental noise mechanism. In this paper, we proposed a random noise generator with Gaussian noise using filtering algorithm. The proposed scheme is designed to reduce the statistical property of the biased bit stream in the output of a random noise generator.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Encapsulated Transition‐Metal Catalysts (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Explaining finite state machine characteristics using variable structure control</title> (1997)

This paper describes how variable structure control can be used to describe the overall behavior of multiple autonomous robotic vehicles with simple finite state machine rules. The importance of this result is that it allows for the design of provably asymptotically stable group behaviors from a set of simple control laws and appropriate switching points with variable structure control. The ability to prove convergence to a goal is especially important for applications such as locating military targets or land mines.
Improvement of Geometric Accuracy in Incremental Forming by Using a Squeezing Toolpath Strategy With Two Forming Tools (2011)

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is plagued by an unavoidable and unintended bending in the region of the sheet between the current tool position and the fixture, which leads to significant geometric inaccuracies. Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF) uses two tools, one on each side of the sheet to form the sheet into the desired shape. This work explores the capabilities of DSIF in terms of improving the geometric accuracy as compared to SPIF by using a novel toolpath strategy in which the sheet is locally squeezed between the two tools. Experiments and simulations are performed to show that this strategy can improve the geometric accuracy of the component significantly. An examination of the forming forces indicates that after a certain amount of deformation using this strategy a loss of contact occurs between the bottom tool and the sheet. The effects of this on the geometric accuracy are discussed as well.
Internet TV: Business Models and Program Content (2001)

Internet technology should eventually provide important improvements over established media not only in the efficiency of broadband delivery, and of particularimportance, in the efficiency of business models that can be used to collect money for that programming. I identify five economic characteristics of Internet technology that should lead to these greater efficiencies: (1) lower delivery costs and reduced capacity constraints, (2) more efficient interactivity, (3) more efficient advertising and sponsorship, (4) more efficient direct pricing and bundling, and (5) lower costs of copying and sharing. The most successful Internet TV business models are likely to involve syndication to or from other media, and also international distribution. In the broader context, Internet TV is another syndication outlet by which program suppliers can segment their overall markets and thus support higher production investments. Many innovative and more sharply focused programs will surely prosper on Internet TV, but the attractiveness to audiences of high production value programming will tend to advantage broad appeal programming, such as Hollywood movies. Historical evidence about the performance of cable television and videocassettes is presented to support these points.
A new recursive formulation for fast estimation of time-varying unknown input. Application for estimating a particule acceleration (2011)

International audience
Double mesoporous silica shelled spherical/ellipsoidal nanostructures: Synthesis and hydrophilic/hydrophobic anticancer drug delivery (2011)

A general electrostatic interaction-based self-assembly strategy has been developed to synthesize various composite nanostructures with double mesoporous silica shells. The outer (second) mesoporous silica shell was coated on the surface of an inner (first) mesoporous silica nanostructure (nanosphere or nanolayer), which was templated by silane coupling agent (C18TMS), according to an electrostatic interaction mechanism between the negatively charged surface of inner mesoporous silica shell/sphere and positively charged cationic surfactant (C16TAB) for directing the second shell. The two adjacent shells directed by different pore-making agents show hierarchical pore size distributions and diverse pore structure orderings. This general strategy can be extended to synthesize a series of novel double-shelled mesoporous nanostructures with various morphologies, compositions and structures by altering the structural designing scheme in nanoscale (seven novel nanostructures created in this work). Importantly, the deposition of the second mesoporous shell on the surface of initial mesoporous nanostructures significantly increases the surface areas and pore volumes of as-prepared materials, which provides an alternative and versatile post-treatment approach to tune the key structural parameters of mesoporous nanomaterials. The double shelled hollow mesoporous silica spheres were found to be highly biocompatible, and were explored as both hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drug delivery vehicles against cancer cells. The results show that the deposition of a second mesoporous silica shell could lead to a sustained release of a hydrophilic anticancer drug (irinotecan) from the carriers, and moreover, the double shelled mesoporous silica spheres exhibit high hydrophobic anticancer drug (docetaxel) loading capacity (15.24%), large amount uptake by cancer cells and enhanced anticancer efficiency, indicating the potential applications of synthesized nanoparticles in nanomedicine for cancer chemotherapy.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Due to Homozygous CHRNE Mutations: Report of Patients in Arabia (2010)

We describe the clinical characteristics of 3 siblings from 1 family with congenital myasthenic syndrome due to homozygous mutations of the gene coding for the epsilon subunit of the acetylcholine receptor (CHRNE). Onset of symptoms occurred in the first few months of life with ptosis, restricted ocular motility, mild proximal weakness, and difficulty swallowing. Multiple hospital admissions were required due to recurrent pulmonary infections. There was no decremental conduction on repetitive nerve stimulation, but jitter was increased on single fiber electromyographic. Since early childhood, our patients have done well without pulmonary or bulbar symptoms and with partial improvement on pyridostigmine therapy. Response of ptosis to diagnostic ice pack test was striking. Although these siblings have a clinical history and examination findings typical of homozygous CHRNE mutations, the clinical presentation of congenital myasthenia subtypes is variable, and accurate genotyping is essential in choosing the appropriate treatment.
DICANNE, a Realizable Adaptive Process (1969)

DICANNE (Digital Interference Cancelling Adaptive Null Network Equipment) is a real-time digital processor that is designed to reject plane-wave interference from an operator-controlled direction prior to normal beam forming. The description includes computed characteristics of the specific array geometry selected and a functional outline of the digital processing equipment.
Photovoltaic device based on Ag2ZnSn(S,Se)4 absorber (2023)

Photovoltaic devices based on an Ag.sub.2ZnSn(S,Se).sub.4 (AZTSSe) absorber and techniques for formation thereof are provided. In one aspect, a method for forming a photovoltaic device includes the steps of: coating a substrate with a conductive layer; contacting the substrate with an Ag source, a Zn source, a Sn source, and at least one of a S source and a Se source under conditions sufficient to form an absorber layer on the conductive layer having Ag, Zn, Sn, and at least one of S and Se; and annealing the absorber layer. Methods of doping the AZTSSe are provided. A photovoltaic device is also provided.
Decision letter: Toxoplasma gondii infection drives conversion of NK cells into ILC1-like cells (2019)

Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to conversion of natural killer cells into cells resembling innate lymphoid cells, group 1, that circulate widely, disrupting current notions suggesting that these cells have distinct lineages.
Persistence of the permeability transition pore in human mitochondria devoid of an assembled ATP synthase (2019)

The opening of the permeability transition pore, a nonspecific channel in inner mitochondrial membranes, is triggered by an elevated total concentration of calcium ions in the mitochondrial matrix, leading to disruption of the inner membrane and necrotic cell death. Cyclosporin A inhibits pore opening by binding to cyclophilin D, which interacts with the pore. It has been proposed that the pore is associated with the ATP synthase complex. Previously, we confirmed an earlier observation that the pore survives in cells lacking membrane subunits ATP6 and ATP8 of ATP synthase, and in other cells lacking the enzyme's c<sub>8</sub> rotor ring or, separately, its peripheral stalk subunits b and oligomycin sensitive conferral protein. Here, we investigated whether the pore is associated with the remaining membrane subunits of the enzyme. Individual deletion of subunits e, f, g, and 6.8-kDa proteolipid disrupts dimerization of the complex, and deletion of DAPIT (diabetes-associated protein in insulin sensitive tissue) possibly influences oligomerization of dimers, but removal of each subunit had no effect on the pore. Also, we removed together the enzyme's membrane bound c<sub>8</sub> ring and the δ-subunit from the catalytic domain. The resulting cells assemble only a subcomplex derived from the peripheral stalk and membrane-associated proteins. Despite diminished levels of respiratory complexes, these cells generate a membrane potential to support uptake of calcium into the mitochondria, leading to pore opening, and retention of its characteristic properties. It is most unlikely that the ATP synthase, dimer or monomer, or any component, provides the permeability transition pore.