gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Circulating Growth Hormone (GH)-Binding Protein Complex: A Major Constituent of Plasma GH in Man* (1988)

The recent discovery of a specific binding protein for human GH (hGH) in human plasma suggests that hGH circulates in part as a complex in association with the binding protein(s). However, the magnitude of the complexed fraction prevailing under physiological conditions is unknown because of 1) dissociation of the complex during analysis and 2) potential differences in the binding characteristics of radiolabeled and native hGH. We conducted experiments designed to minimize dissociation during analysis (gel filtration in prelabeled columns, frontal analysis, and batch molecular sieving) with both native and radioiodinated hGH. All three methods yielded similar estimates for the complexed fraction. In normal plasma the bound fraction for 22 K hGH averaged 50.1% (range, 39-59%), that for 20 K hGH averaged 28.5% (range, 26-31%). Above a hGH level of about 20 ng/ml the bound fraction declines in concentration-dependent manner due to saturation of the binding protein. We conclude that a substantial part of circulating hGH is complexed with carrier proteins. This concept has important implications for the metabolism, distribution, and biological activity of hGH.
Manipulation and Presentation of Multidimensional Image Data Using the Peano Scan (1983)

A fractal curve first discussed by Giuseppe Peano has useful statistical properties in image processing. The curve can act as a transform between a line and n-dimensional space retaining some of the spatially associative properties of the space. Applications of the curve include multispectral image display, compression in the color and spa-tial domain, classification, and color display. The technique enables the display of high quality color images on a frame store capable of displaying only 256 colors simultaneously. A logically ordered and complete set of colors for false color work can be selected. An im-provement in compression by about 3X for color images can be ob-tained by using this method in conjunction with an existing spatial compression technique. A simple algorithm for constructing the curves is shown.
Proteomic changes in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with subclinical mastitis due to intramammary infection by Staphylococcus aureus and by non-aureus staphylococci (2019)

Subclinical mastitis by Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) is a major issue in the water buffalo. To understand its impact on milk, 6 quarter samples with >3,000,000 cells/mL (3 SAU-positive and 3 NAS-positive) and 6 culture-negative quarter samples with <50,000 cells/mL were investigated by shotgun proteomics and label-free quantitation. A total of 1530 proteins were identified, of which 152 were significantly changed. SAU was more impacting, with 162 vs 127 differential proteins and higher abundance changes (P < 0.0005). The 119 increased proteins had mostly structural (n = 43, 28.29%) or innate immune defence functions (n = 39, 25.66%) and included vimentin, cathelicidins, histones, S100 and neutrophil granule proteins, haptoglobin, and lysozyme. The 33 decreased proteins were mainly involved in lipid metabolism (n = 13, 59.10%) and included butyrophilin, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, and lipid biosynthetic enzymes. The same biological processes were significantly affected also upon STRING analysis. Cathelicidins were the most increased family, as confirmed by western immunoblotting, with a stronger reactivity in SAU mastitis. S100A8 and haptoglobin were also validated by western immunoblotting. In conclusion, we generated a detailed buffalo milk protein dataset and defined the changes occurring in SAU and NAS mastitis, with potential for improving detection (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD012355).
DEDUCTIVE: A study of tivozanib in combination with durvalumab in subjects with untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma—Phase Ib results. (2021)

294 Background: A recent ph3 study combining bevacizumab (VEGF-A Mab) with atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) has shown significant improvements in OS and PFS demonstrating that a combination of VEGF and PDL1 inhibition can improve patient outcomes over sorafenib. Tivozanib (T, a potent and selective VEGFR 1, 2 &amp; 3 TKI) and durvalumab (D, a PD-L1 antibody) have both demonstrated single agent activity in HCC and have been combined safely with other therapies. T blocks all three VEGF receptors, and when combined with a PD-L1 inhibitor may improve patient outcomes. The ph1 portion of this study combines T with D to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and provide preliminary safety and efficacy data. Methods: Major eligibility criteria are adults with documented advanced HCC, Child-Pugh Class A, ECOG 0 or 1, creatinine clearance &gt; 40 ml/min. Major exclusion criteria are co-infection with HBV and HCV and significant organ dysfunction. The starting dose is the combination of T 1 mg orally for 21 days followed by 7 days off treatment and D 1500 mg intravenously every 28 days. A DLT is generally defined as the occurrence of any Grade ≥3 immune or non-immune adverse event (AE) in Cycle 1 that is at least possibly related to the investigational regimen other than any grade of vitiligo or alopecia or Grade 3 controllable hypertension in cycle 1. The primary objective is to establish the RP2D and the safety and tolerability for this combination in patients with advanced HCC. Patients will be treated until progression of disease, unacceptable side effects, or death. Outcome measures will be AEs per CTCAE v.5 and cross-sectional imaging performed every 8 weeks. Results: Seven patients were enrolled in phase I. Six were male; the median age was 75 (range 40 to 82). One patient had mild elevation of LFTs and did not complete the 21-day course of T and was replaced. No patient experienced a &gt;=grade 3 AE in cycle 1. The most common AEs, each seen in two of seven patients, were anorexia, cough, diarrhea, dysphonia, fatigue, hypertension, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Two of seven have achieved a partial response. Conclusions: The combination of T with D in patients with untreated advanced HCC is well tolerated. The RP2D for the combination is T 1 mg orally for 21 days on treatment followed by 7 days off treatment and D 1500 mg intravenously every 28 days. In the phase II portion of the study an additional 30 patients will be treated at the RP2D. Secondary objectives are to assess the objective response rate, progression free survival, and overall survival in this population. Clinical trial information: NCT03970616.
Hydrocortisone inhibits prostaglandin production but not arachidonic acid release from cultured macrophages (1984)

We have investigated the action of hydrocortisosone on arachidonic acid mobilisation in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages, mouse L 929 cells and the mouse macrophage‐like cell line RAW 264 . Hydrocortisone inhibits both arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production by L 929 cells. However, prostaglandin production by macrophages or RAW 264 cells is inhibited with a concomitant stimulation rather than inhibition of arachidonic acid release. These data suggest that hydrocortisone acts at the level of phospholipase activity in fibroblasts but at a later stage of prostanoid production in macrophages.
Alcohol consumption does not lead to urinary excretion of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the fasting human (1986)

To test the hypothesis that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and possibly other nitrosamines are synthesized naturally in the gastrointestinal tract, the urinary excretion of nitrosamines has been measured in people whose first pass clearance and metabolism of nitrosamines had been inhibited by administration of ethanol. Five fasted volunteers consumed 350 mg of nitrate in beet juice followed, 1 h later, by a volume of 10% alcohol in carbonated water sufficient to raise their blood alcohol concentrations to 50-80 mg/100 ml. This alcohol concentration was then maintained over a 6 h period. No NDMA or any other volatile nitrosamines were excreted in urine during this 6 h period or during the subsequent 12 h (detection limit = 0.01 mumol). These results suggest that less than 0.5 mumol NDMA, formed by endogenous nitrosation in the fasting human, is likely to be present in the stomach at any time.
Structural Characterisation of the Li Argyrodites Li7PS6 and Li7PSe6 and their Solid Solutions: Quantification of Site Preferences by MAS‐NMR Spectroscopy (2010)

Li(7)PS(6) and Li(7)PSe(6) belong to a class of new solids that exhibit high Li(+) mobility. A series of quaternary solid solutions Li(7)PS(6-x)Se(x) (0 < or = x < or = 6) were characterised by X-ray crystallography and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy. The high-temperature (HT) modifications were studied by single-crystal investigations (both F43m, Z=4, Li(7)PS(6): a=9.993(1) A, Li(7)PSe(6): a=10.475(1) A) and show the typical argyrodite structures with strongly disordered Li atoms. HT-Li(7)PS(6) and HT-Li(7)PSe(6) transform reversibly into low-temperature (LT) modifications with ordered Li atoms. X-ray powder diagrams show the structures of LT-Li(7)PS(6) and LT-Li(7)PSe(6) to be closely related to orthorhombic LT-alpha-Cu(7)PSe(6). Single crystals of the LT modifications are not available due to multiple twinning and formation of antiphase domains. The gradual substitution of S by Se shows characteristic site preferences closely connected to the functionalities of the different types of chalcogen atoms (S, Se). High-resolution solid-state (31)P NMR is a powerful method to differentiate quantitatively between the distinct (PS(4-n)Se(n))(3-) local environments. Their population distribution differs significantly from a statistical scenario, revealing a pronounced preference for P-S over P-Se bonding. This preference, shown for the series of LT samples, can be quantified in terms of an equilibrium constant specifying the melt reaction Se(P)+S(2-) <==>S(P)+Se(2-), prior to crystallisation. The (77)Se MAS-NMR spectra reveal that the chalcogen distributions in the second and third coordination sphere of the P atoms are essentially statistical. The number of crystallographically independent Li atoms in both LT modifications was analysed by means of (6)Li{(7)Li} cross polarisation magic angle spinning (CPMAS).
NTRK3 Is a Potential Tumor Suppressor Gene Commonly Inactivated by Epigenetic Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer (2013)

NTRK3 is a member of the neurotrophin receptor family and regulates cell survival. It appears to be a dependence receptor, and thus has the potential to act as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene. NTRK3 is a receptor for NT-3 and when bound to NT-3 it induces cell survival, but when NT-3 free, it induces apoptosis. We identified aberrantly methylated NTRK3 in colorectal cancers through a genome-wide screen for hypermethylated genes. This discovery led us to assess whether NTRK3 could be a tumor suppressor gene in the colon. NTRK3 is methylated in 60% of colon adenomas and 67% of colon adenocarcinomas. NTRK3 methylation suppresses NTRK3 expression. Reconstitution of NTRK3 induces apoptosis in colorectal cancers, if NT-3 is absent. Furthermore, the loss of NTRK3 expression associates with neoplastic transformation in vitro and in vivo. We also found that a naturally occurring mutant NTRK3 found in human colorectal cancer inhibits the tumor suppressor activity of NTRK3. In summary, our findings suggest NTRK3 is a conditional tumor suppressor gene that is commonly inactivated in colorectal cancer by both epigenetic and genetic mechanisms whose function in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer depends on the expression status of its ligand, NT-3.
Functional genomics of the Dof transcription factor family genes in suspension-cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)

The Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) genes are members of a family of plant-specific transcription factors that have a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, namely, Dof domain. The Dof domain is a particular class of zinc finger domain that has been demonstrated to bind specifically to DNA sequences with a T/AAAAG core. In the Arabidopsis genomic database, 36 Dof genes have been identified, whereas the functions of most of the members still remain to be studied. Therefore, we attempted to comprehensively and systematically investigate functions of Arabidopsis Dof genes. As the first step, we isolated cDNAs of all the Arabidopsis Dof genes based on the coding sequences identified on the genomic database. Then, we selected genes, which are subjected to further functional analysis, through a phylogenetic analysis, and transformed Arabidopsis cultured cells (line T87) using cDNAs corresponding to the selected genes. After that, we examined transcriptional profiles in the Dof gene-overexpressed calli using an Arabidopsis DNA microarray. From the results, possible involvements of the Dof genes in regulation of metabolic pathways are discussed.
Progress in magnetic refrigeration and future challenges (2014)

Since a regenerative magnetic cooling cycle was first demonstrated in 1976, many developments have been made in the areas of system modeling, magnetocaloric materials and system design. Systems have gone from laboratory demonstrators using superconducting magnets to near commercial systems using more practical permanent magnets and use multi-material regenerators. Novel magnetocaloric material systems show potentially higher magnetocaloric properties than gadolinium and its alloys while reducing the cost of the raw materials. Detailed numerical models have been developed and show that magnetic refrigerators have the potential for high efficiency. However, reported device COPs for laboratory devices are still well below commercially available vapor compression systems. In order to significantly improve AMR efficiency, several loss mechanisms must be reduced and other aspects of system design, such as the drive system, must be better understood. Here, some major loss mechanisms are presented and modeling tools and design solutions are presented. Other challenges that must be overcome before the technology can become commercially viable are also discussed.
A Response to MacIntyre (1972)

I agree with a great deal of Professor Macintyre’s paper. However, his argument can be formulated without any appeal to unpredictability. The unpredictability of many human events is due to the role of self-interpretation in the constitution of those very same events.
Three-Dimensional Technology and Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Frontal Bone Reconstruction (2006)

Osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) may be used in humans to facilitate healing of bony defects. The effect of different BMPs is, as with many other growth factors, highly dependent on the delivery vehicle. Bovine type I collagen is currently used in the clinical setting as a carrier and has been approved in several countries for human use. Here, we report the reconstruction of a frontal bone defect using heparin together with bovine type I collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibrin as vehicles for BMP-2. A bony structure was created on the back of the patient by treating the latissimus dorsi muscle with the growth factor. A polyamide mold was used as a template to achieve the desired shape. The bone structure was transplanted into the defect site via microsurgical techniques. Although the prefabricated bone was not large enough tocover the entire frontal defect, the reconstruction was completed by using an additional cranial implant.
Electronic phase diagram of the layered cobalt oxide systemLixCoO2(0.0≤x≤1.0) (2009)

Here we report the magnetic properties of the layered cobalt oxide system, ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{CoO}}_{2}$, in the whole range of Li composition, $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1$. Based on dc-magnetic-susceptibility data, combined with results of $^{59}\text{Co}$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) observations, the electronic phase diagram of ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{CoO}}_{2}$ has been established. As in the related material ${\text{Na}}_{x}{\text{CoO}}_{2}$, a magnetic critical point is found to exist between $x=0.35$ and 0.40, which separates the Pauli-paramagnetic and Curie-Weiss metals. In the Pauli-paramagnetic regime $(x\ensuremath{\le}0.35)$, the antiferromagnetic spin correlations systematically increase with decreasing $x$. Nevertheless, ${\text{CoO}}_{2}$, the $x=0$ end member is a noncorrelated metal in the whole temperature range studied. In the Curie-Weiss regime $(x\ensuremath{\ge}0.40)$, on the other hand, various phase transitions are observed. For $x=0.40$, a susceptibility hump is seen at 30 K, suggesting the onset of static antiferromagnetic order. A magnetic jump, which is likely to be triggered by charge ordering, is clearly observed at ${T}_{\text{t}}\ensuremath{\approx}175\text{ }\text{K}$ in samples with $x=0.50$ $(=1/2)$ and 0.67 $(=2/3)$, while only a tiny kink appears at $T\ensuremath{\approx}210\text{ }\text{K}$ in the sample with an intermediate Li composition, $x=0.60$. Thus, the phase diagram of the ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{CoO}}_{2}$ system is complex and the electronic properties are sensitively influenced by the Li content $(x)$.
EFFECT OF CHLORIDE AND SULFATE CONTAMINATION IN SOILS ON CORROSION OF STEEL AND CONCRETE (1992)

The durability performance of plain and blended cements in sabkha soils (soils contaiminated with high concentrations of chloride and sulfate salts) was investigated. Specimens placed in the sabkha soil were obtained at periodic intervals and evaluated by conducting strength loss measurements, corrosion potentials monitoring, and corrosion rate measurements at regular intervals. Results indicate that the strength reduction after 540 days of exposure to sabkha soils was greater in silica fume cement mortar specimens compared with plain and other blended cements. Reinforcement corrosion was, however, much lower in silica fume cement concrete than in plain, fly ash, and blast furnace slag cements. This indicates that use of silica fume cement in structural components placed in sabkha soils will be beneficial from the viewpoint of reinforcement corrosion. Additional protective measures, such as application of a water-resistant epoxy-based coating, will have to be adopted to minimize deterioration related to sulfate salts.
A multilayer process for the connection of fine‐pitch‐devices on molded interconnect devices (MIDs) (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new multilayer process for three‐dimensional molded interconnect devices (3D‐MIDs) that allows the assembly of modern area array packaged semiconductors. Design/methodology/approach A new 3D‐MID multilayer process based on local overmolding is developed. To investigate this new process, a 3D demonstrator is designed, simulated and fabricated. Various technologies such as injection molding, maskless laser assisted electroless metallization, overmolding and laser via drilling are used. Findings Using the new 3D‐MID multilayer process a 3D demonstrator with three metallization layers is fabricated. Injection molding simulation is utilized to ensure a feasible demonstrator design. It is shown that a surface laser treatment improves layer‐to‐layer adhesion during the process. Shear and pull tests prove the adhesion promotion. The 3D fine‐pitch‐metallization is done down to 60 μ m track width. Via resistance is measured by four terminal sensing in agreement with previous results. Design rules for process compatible vias are introduced. The fabricated demonstrator is suitable for flip‐chip‐based area array packaged semiconductors. Research limitations/implications A proof of concept is given by the fabricated demonstrator. Further, work should include reliability tests of the multilayer structures and improvement of individual process steps. Originality/value The paper describes a new multilayer process for 3D‐MIDs. It overcomes existing restrictions regarding the electrical routing on 3D‐MID surfaces. The compatibility of area array packaged semiconductors with a high‐inputs/outputs count and the 3D‐MID technology is improved.
Approximating optimal SMC proposal distributions in individual-based epidemic models (2022)

Many epidemic models are naturally defined as individual-based models: where we track the state of each individual within a susceptible population. Inference for individual-based models is challenging due to the high-dimensional state-space of such models, which increases exponentially with population size. We consider sequential Monte Carlo algorithms for inference for individual-based epidemic models where we make direct observations of the state of a sample of individuals. Standard implementations, such as the bootstrap filter or the auxiliary particle filter are inefficient due to mismatch between the proposal distribution of the state and future observations. We develop new efficient proposal distributions that take account of future observations, leveraging the properties that (i) we can analytically calculate the optimal proposal distribution for a single individual given future observations and the future infection rate of that individual; and (ii) the dynamics of individuals are independent if we condition on their infection rates. Thus we construct estimates of the future infection rate for each individual, and then use an independent proposal for the state of each individual given this estimate. Empirical results show order of magnitude improvement in efficiency of the sequential Monte Carlo sampler for both SIS and SEIR models.
A Measurement of the Adaptation of Color Vision to the Spectral Environment (1997)

An exploratory factor analysis of the reflectance spectral distributions of a sample of natural and man-made objects yields a factor pattern remarkably similar to psychophysical color-matching curves. The goodness-of-fit indices from a maximum likelihood confirmatory factor model with fixed factor loadings specified by empirical trichromatic color-matching data indicate that the human visual system performs near to an optimum value for an ideal trichromatic system composed of three linear components. An unconstrained four-factor maximum likelihood model fits significantly better than a three-factor unconstrained model, suggesting that a color metric is better represented in four dimensions than in a three-dimensional space. This fourth factor can be calculated as a nonlinear interaction term between the first three factors: thus, a trichromatic input is sufficient to compute a color space of four dimensions. The visual system may exploit this nonlinear dependency in the spectral environment in order to obtain a four-dimensional color space without the biological cost of a fourth color receptor.
Defect detection in ID cards with accurately reconstructed reference image (2020)

ID card is made by hot-pressing a standard film with identifiable information onto a fixed baseboard with background of wavy lines. In this paper, we propose a defect detect algorithm by synthesising the film image and baseboard image to accurately reconstruct a reference image for a test card. First, to ensure the content consistency in position and scale, we align the card to a standard film image through perspective transformation(PT) based on AKAZE key-points. Besides, we use contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE) to enhance the background pattern of a baseboard image, and then align it to the rectified card. Second, we apply multiply algorithm to synthesise the aligned film image and baseboard image as a reconstructed reference image. Besides, we align the lightness histogram of the reference image to a test card so as to eliminate the lighting difference. Finally, we apply the difference image method based on canny edge detection to detect difference between a reference image with a card, and further extract the defect information. We experiment on cards with different types of defects and shooting disturbances. Results show high accuracy of our method.