gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potassium depletion stimulates Na-Cl cotransporter via phosphorylation and inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase Kelch-like 3 (2016)

Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) is a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates blood pressure by targeting With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinases for degradation. Mutations in KLHL3 cause constitutively increased renal salt reabsorption and impaired K<sup>+</sup> secretion, resulting in hypertension and hyperkalemia. Although clinical studies have shown that dietary K<sup>+</sup> intake affects blood pressure, the mechanisms have been obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that the KLHL3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the low-K<sup>+</sup>-mediated activation of Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney. In the distal convoluted tubules of mice eating a low-K<sup>+</sup> diet, we found increased KLHL3 phosphorylation at S433 (KLHL3<sup>S433-P</sup>), a modification that impairs WNK binding, and also reduced total KLHL3 levels. These changes are accompanied by the accumulation of the target substrate WNK4, and activation of the downstream kinases SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive 1), resulting in NCC phosphorylation and its accumulation at the plasma membrane. Increased phosphorylation of S433 was explained by increased levels of active, phosphorylated protein kinase C (but not protein kinase A), which directly phosphorylates S433. Moreover, in HEK cells expressing KLHL3 and WNK4, we showed that the activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces KLHL3<sup>S433-P</sup> and increases WNK4 levels by abrogating its ubiquitination. These data demonstrate the role of KLHL3 in low-K<sup>+</sup>-mediated induction of NCC; this physiologic adaptation reduces distal electrogenic Na<sup>+</sup> reabsorption, preventing further renal K<sup>+</sup> loss but promoting increased blood pressure.
Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, Physical Properties, and Applications Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, 2005, vol. 54, 47-126 (2005)

This review focuses on recent progress in the study of doped semiconductor nanocrystals prepared by direct solution chemical routes. The emphasis is on materials that can be prepared and handled as high-quality colloidal nanocrystalline suspensions, allowing them to be easily processed by a variety of conventional methods and incorporated into glasses, polymers, or hetero-architectures, appended to biomolecules, or assembled into close-packed ordered arrays, and providing many opportunities related to materials processing and nanoscale engineering. In contrast with the tremendous successes achieved with the preparation of pure (and core/shell or related heteroepitaxial) semiconductor nanostructures, solution methods have not yet excelled at preparing doped nanocrystals, but recent advances portend an exciting future for this area. The review is divided into three themes: synthesis of colloidal doped inorganic nanocrystals (Section II), analytical techniques for probing synthesis (Section III), and physical properties of the resulting materials (Section IV). In Section V, examples are presented involving the use of colloidal doped semiconductors as building blocks in higher dimensionality structures. The review focuses largely on 3d transition metal ions as dopants, since those with open d-shell electronic configurations have various unique physical properties including magnetic ground states and low-energy excited states that make them attractive for altering the magnetic, absorptive, photoluminescent, or other physical properties of their host semiconductors.
Identification of kinetically hot residues in proteins (1998)

A number of recent studies called attention to the presence of kinetically important residues underlying the formation and stabilization of folding nuclei in proteins, and to the possible existence of a correlation between conserved residues and those participating in the folding nuclei. Here, we use the Gaussian network model (GNM), which recently proved useful in describing the dynamic characteristics of proteins for identifying the kinetically hot residues in folded structures. These are the residues involved in the highest frequency fluctuations near the native state coordinates. Their high frequency is a manifestation of the steepness of the energy landscape near their native state positions. The theory is applied to a series of proteins whose kinetically important residues have been extensively explored: chymotrypsin inhibitor 2, cytochrome c, and related C2 proteins. Most of the residues previously pointed out to underlie the folding process of these proteins, and to be critically important for the stabilization of the tertiary fold, are correctly identified, indicating a correlation between the kinetic hot spots and the early forming structural elements in proteins. Additionally, a strong correlation between kinetically hot residues and loci of conserved residues is observed. Finally, residues that may be important for the stability of the tertiary structure of CheY are proposed.
The SABRTooth feasibility trial protocol: a study to determine the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a phase III randomised controlled trial comparing stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) with surgery in patients with peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) considered to be at higher risk of complications from surgical resection (2016)

controlled-trials.com ISRCTN13029788.
Lithium and hematology: established and proposed uses (2008)

Lithium (as lithium carbonate) is an inexpensive drug, widely used in psychiatry for over 50 years in treatment of mood instability (bipolar disorder) and as an adjunct to antidepressants. Hematological effects of neutrophilia and increased circulating CD34+ cells of marrow origin have long been known. Lithium was at the center of hematological investigations in the 1980s, but no definitive use in hematology has yet emerged. We review evidence that lithium increases G-CSF and augments G-CSF effects. We suggest possible therapeutic uses of lithium in neutropenia. In bone marrow transplantation, preharvest lithium-assisted hematopoietic stem cell mobilization may be useful as well.
Arylation with Unsymmetrical Diaryliodonium Salts: A Chemoselectivity Study (2013)

Phenols, anilines, and malonates have been arylated under metal-free conditions with twelve aryl(phenyl)iodonium salts in a systematic chemoselectivity study. A new "anti-ortho effect" has been identified in the arylation of malonates. Several "dummy groups" have been found that give complete chemoselectivity in the transfer of the phenyl moiety, irrespective of the nucleophile. An aryl exchange in the diaryliodonium salts has been observed under certain arylation conditions. DFT calculations have been performed to investigate the reaction mechanism and to elucidate the origins of the observed selectivities. These results are expected to facilitate the design of chiral diaryliodonium salts and the development of catalytic arylation reactions that are based on these sustainable and metal-free reagents.
Computer Aided Sand Wedge Shape AssessmentBy Using Particle Simulation (2005)

In this research, a computational simulation model of a bunker shot for assessing sand wedge shapes is constructed using the particle element method, PEM. The PEM is one particle simulation method which simulates particle phenomenon by tracing the motion of all particles and calculating the interaction among them. The simulation model is composed of a club head, a golf ball and a large number of particles of sand. Firstly, the reproducibility of the simulation model was verified by comparison with actual bunker shots which were observed using a high speed video camera, then the simulation results gave good agreement with the observational results. Secondly, the simulation model was applied for assessing the property of a new special sand wedge which had a hollow processed on the sole, then the feature of the wedge and its cause were revealed. This simulation model provides numerical understanding of the property of sand wedges and reasons why the effective property occurs.
Effects of increasing hydrophobicity by N‐terminal myristoylation on the antibacterial and hemolytic activities of the C‐terminal cationic segments of human‐β‐defensins 1–3 (2018)

Analogs of the cationic C-terminal segments of human-β-defensins HBD1-3, Phd1-3 with a single disulfide bond, exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity that was salt sensitive. They did not show hemolytic activity. In this study, N-terminal myristoylation was carried out on Phd1-3 to examine whether increasing hydrophobicity would result in improved antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of the oxidized myristoylated peptides MPhd1-3 and their reduced forms MPhd1r-3r was determined. These peptides showed enhanced antibacterial activity as compared to Phd1-3, on mid-log phase and stationary phase of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, except MPhd1r-3r that were inactive on stationary-phase E. coli. In the presence of 150 mm NaCl, MPhd1-3 showed activity against S. aureus. MPhd1and two exhibited activity against E. coli but MPhd3 was inactive. Zeta potential measurements indicated that MPhd1-3 were more effective in surface charge neutralization of bacteria as compared to Phd1-3. MPhd1-3 exhibited hemolytic activity to varying extents with MPhd1 being most hemolytic. The data indicate that myristoylation enhances antibacterial activity and modulates hemolytic activity to different extents. Apart from hydrophobicity, distribution of cationic residues in MPhd1-3 plays important roles for these activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Calixarenes in Solution (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Guan Liang, Tan Huamu, and Ding Yanyong: Their Modern Art Practice and the Phenomenon of the “Tōyō Review” (2020)

During the late Taishō period, three Guangdong-born Chinese artists, Guan Liang 關良 (1900–1986), Tan Huamu 譚華牧 (1896–1976), and Ding Yanyong 丁衍庸 (1902–1978), were studying in Tokyo, Japan. After their return to China, they engaged daily in a kind of cross-media practice in oil and ink paintings that serves to remind us of the need to rethink the cultural experiment that China’s modern art movements have undertaken since the 1920s, and which has thus far been overlooked. In the face of the sudden rise of attention towards literati paintings in the Japanese art world, and in the midst of the Western modern art currents that were centered in Paris, these Japan-trained artists, with their comparative cultural perspectives, began to re-examine their own cultural tradition and form a cross-media creative model with an intrinsic cultural reflectiveness and innovative outlook. Moreover, the phenomenon of the “Tōyō review” 東洋回顧 that emerged from the intense interactions between the cultures of East and West not only brought about the concept of “Chinese painting,” but also led to the rise of the notion of the “superiority of Chinese art.”
Hydrogen‐Bonding Effects for the C–ON Bond Homolysis and Reformation Reactions of Alkoxyamines (2014)

N ‐(2‐methylpropyl)‐ N ‐(1‐diethylphosphono‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)‐ O ‐(2‐carboxyprop‐2‐yl) hydroxylamine (BlocBuilder MA) is, among the commercially available alkoxyamines, one of the most efficient for nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP). However, recent results have shown that it does not perform well for the NMP of isoprene. The occurrence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) between the carboxylic function and the diethoxyphosphoryl group has been proposed as the reason for its low efficiency. In this article, the presence of this IHB is confirmed using IR, 31 P NMR, 31 P‐ 1 H HOESY, and DFT calculation results. The solvent effect on this IHB and consequently on k d values is also investigated. However, combining kinetic analysis and rate measurements in various solvents, the influence of this IHB on the CON bond homolysis and reformation in alkoxyamine is shown to be very weak. image
Local projections of layer Vb-to-Va are more effective in lateral than in medial entorhinal cortex (2020)

Summary The entorhinal cortex, in particular neurons in layer V, allegedly mediate transfer of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex, underlying long-term memory. Recently, this circuit has been shown to comprise a hippocampal output recipient layer Vb and a cortical projecting layer Va. With the use of in vitro electrophysiology in transgenic mice specific for layer Vb, we assessed the presence of the thus necessary connection from layer Vb-to-Va in the functionally distinct medial (MEC) and lateral (LEC) subdivisions; MEC, particularly its dorsal part, processes allocentric spatial information, whereas the corresponding part of LEC processes information representing elements of episodes. Using identical experimental approaches, we show that connections from layer Vb-to-Va neurons are more effective in LEC compared with dorsal MEC. This indicates that the hippocampal-cortex output circuit is more effective in LEC, suggesting that episodic systems-consolidation may use LEC-derived information more than allocentric spatial information from MEC.
Monitoring of deposition and dry etching of Si/SiGe multiple stacks (1996)

Deposition and patterning of Si/SiGe multiple stacks have been investigated by in situ monitoring techniques. Reflection supported interferometry has been applied to evaluate the thickness and optical parameters of each of the films during the deposition of the stacks by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition. During patterning by reactive ion etching of these stacks, the nonselectivity of the etch process has been eluded by monitoring of the 265.1 nm Ge line using optical emission spectroscopy. In this way an etch stop can be achieved within any of the thin films of the stack. The results demonstrate an opportunity for in situ control, including end point detection of deposition and patterning of Si/SiGe multiple stacks.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sugar‐Derived Ras Inhibitors (2005)

The design and synthesis of novel Ras inhibitors with a bicyclic scaffold derived from the natural sugar D-arabinose are presented. Molecular modelling showed that these ligands can bind Ras by accommodating the aromatic moieties and the phenylhydroxylamino group in a cavity near the Switch II region of the protein. All the synthetic compounds were active in inhibiting nucleotide exchange on p21 human Ras in vitro, and two of them selectively inhibited Ras-dependent cell growth in vivo.
O-band Energy-efficient Broadcast-friendly Interconnection Scheme with SiPho Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) & Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR) (2018)

We present an O-band energy-efficient broadcast-friendly optical architecture relying on a silicon photonics broadband MZM and an 8×8 AWGR. Experimental validation is demonstrated at 10Gb/s followed by an energy-saving analysis for the proposed broadcast scheme.
Audio tampering localization using modified iss watermarking in sparse-domain (2013)

This paper presents a blind audio tampering localization method in the perceptual sparse domain using a novel Modified Improved Spread Spectrum (MISS) watermarking approach. Current methods of audio authentication lack the ability to localize the tampered part of the audio in the presence of desynchronization attacks such as time shifting, scaling, etc. Our proposed method is able to localize the highly modified parts and then self-synchronize. To achieve this goal, Perceptual Matching Pursuit is used to compute a sparse and time-shift invariant representation of audio signals as well as 2-D masking thresholds. Then authentication code is inserted as a hidden watermark inside the sparse coefficient. To localize the tampered part of audio, the presence of watermark is detected inside the frames of input signal. To guarantee the high quality of watermarked audio, the watermark data is shaped by masking thresholds. To achieve high capacity, we propose a modified version of improved spread spectrum watermarking. In comparison to the conventional methods, experiments confirm the superiority of our approach in localizing the tampered parts of the audio and also confirm the high capacity of MISS signature insertion while preserving good audio quality.
Evaluating strategies for reversing CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives (2017)

A gene drive biases inheritance of a gene so that it increases in frequency within a population even when the gene confers no fitness benefit. There has been renewed interest in environmental releases of engineered gene drives due to recent proof of principle experiments with the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a drive mechanism. Release of modified organisms, however, is controversial, especially when the drive mechanism could theoretically alter all individuals of a species. Thus, it is desirable to have countermeasures to reverse a drive if a problem arises. Several genetic mechanisms for limiting or eliminating gene drives have been proposed and/or developed, including synthetic resistance, reversal drives, and immunizing reversal drives. While predictions about efficacy of these mechanisms have been optimistic, we lack detailed analyses of their expected dynamics. We develop a discrete time model for population genetics of a drive and proposed genetic countermeasures. Efficacy of drive reversal varies between countermeasures. For some parameter values, the model predicts unexpected behavior including polymorphic equilibria and oscillatory dynamics. The timing and number of released individuals containing a genetic countermeasure can substantially impact outcomes. The choice among countermeasures by researchers and regulators will depend on specific goals and population parameters of target populations.
Investigating Erosional Behaviour of Chemically Stabilised Erodible Soils (2008)

Chemical stabilisation is a popular technique to improve the erosion resistance of soils. In this study, two chemical stabilisers, namely lignosulfonate and general purpose Portland cement were tested on two different soils, a silty sand and dispersive clay. A series of erosion tests were performed to study the effectiveness of the stabilisation on increasing the erosion resistance. Results showed that an increase in the critical shear stress of the silty sand with only 0.6% lignosulfonate treatment was equivalent to that with around 2.5% cement treatment. However, the stabilisation of the dispersive clay with 0.6% cement was more effective than 0.6% lignosulfonate. The findings of this research also indicated that the coefficient of soil erosion decreased as a power function of the critical shear stress.
Optimal Importance Sampling in Markov Process Simulation (2001)

In this paper we present an adaptive algorithm to estimate the transient blocking probability of a communication system, described by a Markov process, during a finite time interval starting from a given state. The method uses importance sampling for variance reduction and adjusts the parameters of the twisted distribution based on earlier samples. The method can be effectively applied to a decision making problem where future revenues are estimated with extensive simulations, in order to find an improved policy by so called first policy iteration.
Kinect based People Identification System using Fusion of Clustering and Classification (2014)

The demand of human identification in a non-intrusive manner has risen increasingly in recent years. Several works have already been done in this context using gait-cycle detection from human skeleton data using Microsoft Kinect as a data capture sensor. In this paper we have proposed a novel method for automatic human identification in real time using the fusion of both supervised and unsupervised learning on gait-based features in an efficient way using Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory. Performance comparison of the proposed fusion based algorithm is done with that of the standard supervised or unsupervised algorithm and it needs to be mentioned that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve 71% recognition accuracy.
Prospectives for cutaneous malignant melanoma Considerations of the precursor state and heritability (1995)

Each of the discoveries through the years has begotten a series of Gordian knots. We must patiently inspect our new collection of mysteries and focus on those where our efforts may well change the course of the disease to the benefit of affected patients. The proper management of the precursor state, the beginning of the disease, and the patient exploration of the complexities of heritability would seem to be appropriate beginnings.
Melatonin concentrations in the luminal fluid, mucosa, and muscularis of the bovine and porcine gastrointestinal tract (1999)

Melatonin concentrations were measured in serum, luminal fluid, and tissues of the mucosa and muscularis of the entire bovine and porcine gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In both species, GIT levels profoundly exceeded serum levels. In pigs, melatonin was lowest in the luminal fluid and highest in the mucosa. No difference was found in various layers of bovine GIT. Compared to pigs, cows had higher melatonin levels in the stomach and ileum, but lower in the cecum and colon. There was no difference in melatonin levels between anterior and posterior segments of bovine GIT, whereas pigs exhibited several fold higher concentration of melatonin in the posterior segment (cecum and colon). Conversely, melatonin values in the anterior segment were significantly higher in cows, but in the posterior segments porcine values were higher. In cows, concentrations in the mucosa correlated with levels in the muscularis. Melatonin levels in the mucosa and muscularis were higher in the rumen and reticulum than in the omasum and abomasum. The species-specific levels and a distinct distribution of melatonin in the layers of the digestive tube indicates that this indole may be involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal function of monogastric as well as polygastric ungulates, albeit in a different capacity.
Relative Availability of Various Proteins to the Honey Bee1 (1960)

Newly emerged caged honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were fed diets containing various percentages of the following proteins: egg albumin, skimmed-milk powder, sesame seed, soy flour, cottonseed, castor bean, soy-flour hydrolysate, soy alpha-protein, liver extract, Penicel, zein, lactalbumin, casein, brewer's yeast, and beegathered pollens. The protein source of the control diet was a bee-gathered mixture containing 40% of dandelion and 60% of unidentified pollens. Development of the pharyngeal glands and longevity of the bees were criteria used for the evaluation of the test diets. In promoting pharyngeal gland development egg albumin was equal to the control; mustard, almond, and cherry pollen diets at the 10% level and skimmed-milk powder, sesame seed meal, and soy flour were nearly as effective. There were no significant differences among the pollen diets at the 10% protein level in promoting gland development or longevity. Discrepancies in the lack of correlation between longevity and gland development data indicate differences in the protein requirements of young and old worker bees. A correlation was indicated between the degree of gland development in bees fed a particular protein and the availability to microorganisms of the amino acid in the protein.