gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin inhibits dephosphorylation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein/activating transcription factor-1: effect on nuclear phosphoserine phosphatase-2a (1994)

We examined the effects of insulin on the phosphorylation state of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in normal rat adipocytes. Insulin increased in vivo phosphorylation of CREB by 40%. Although both phosphoprotein phosphatase-1 and -2A dephosphorylate CREB and activating transcription factor-1, insulin action appears to be mediated via its strong inhibitory effect on nuclear phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) activity. Using in vitro protein kinase-A-phosphorylated activating transcription factor-1 as a substrate, we found that insulin inhibited nuclear PP-2A activity by 80% (P < 0.001), which represents approximately 50% of the total nuclear phosphatase activity. Greater than 50% of the effect of insulin was observed at 0.3 nM and 2 min of exposure. These findings are the first indicator that a signal initiated by a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor may regulate nuclear PP-2A activity and thereby affect the phosphorylation state of transcription factors.
Alteration of Fibroblast Cell Behavior due to Contraction of Substrate (2010)

Many researchers have utilized hydrogels as substrates for cell attachment. The stiffness of these substrates has been found to influence the cellular behavior such as morphology, proliferation, growth and differentiation. Lo et al. deformed polyacrylamide substrates with a blunted microneedle and observed the movement of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In both pulling and pushing, the cells reversed their direction and moved away from the needle. This shows that cellular behavior is also affected by stretching the underlying substrates. In a previous study, Lin et al. have demonstrated the ability to contract DNA-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogels (‘DNA gels’ in short) by addition of crosslinks. Jiang et al. have utilized these DNA gels as substrates to observe the cellular responses of L929 and GFP fibroblasts to both static and dynamic substrate compliances.
NASA’s global differential GPS system and the TDRSS augmentation service for satellites (2004)

NASA is planning to launch a new service for Earth satellites providing them with precise GPS differential corrections and other ancillary information enabling decimeter level orbit determination accuracy, and nanosecond time-transfer accuracy, onboard, in real-time. The TDRSS Augmentation Service for Satellites (TASS) will broadcast its message on the S-band multiple access channel of NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The satellite's phase array antenna has been configured to provide a wide beam, extending coverage up to 1000 km altitude over the poles. Global coverage will be ensured with broadcast from three or more TDRSS satellites. The GPS differential corrections are provided by the NASA Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) System, developed and operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The GDGPS System employs a global ground network of more than 70 GPS receivers to monitor the GPS constellation in real time. The system provides real-time estimates of the GPS satellite states, as well as many other real-time products such as differential corrections, global ionospheric maps, and integrity monitoring. The unique multiply redundant architecture of the GDGPS System ensures very high reliability, with 99.999% demonstrated since the inception of the system in Early 2000. The estimated real time GPS orbit and clock states provided by the GDGPS system are accurate to better than 20 cm 3D RMS, and have been demonstrated to support sub-decimeter real time positioning and orbit determination for a variety of terrestrial, airborne, and spaceborne applications. In addition to the GPS differential corrections, TASS will provide real-time Earth orientation and solar flux information that enable precise onboard knowledge of the Earth-fixed position of the spacecraft, and precise orbit prediction and planning capabilities. TASS will also provide 5 seconds alarms for GPS integrity failures based on the unique GPS integrity monitoring service of the GDGPS System.
The Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by the Human Gut Bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron In Vivo Is Influenced by Environmental and Host-Derived Factors (2022)

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) released from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria provide an effective means of communication and trafficking of cell signaling molecules. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) BEVs produced by members of the intestinal microbiota can impact host health by mediating microbe-host cell interactions. A major unresolved question, however, is what factors influence the composition of BEV proteins and whether the host influences protein packaging into BEVs and secretion into the GIT. To address this, we have analyzed the proteome of BEVs produced by the major human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in the murine GIT in order to identify proteins specifically enriched in BEVs produced <i>in vivo</i>. We identified 113 proteins enriched in BEVs produced <i>in vivo,</i> the majority (62/113) of which accumulated in BEVs in the absence of any changes in their expression by the parental cells. Among these selectively enriched proteins, we identified dipeptidyl peptidases and an asparaginase and confirmed their increased activity in BEVs produced <i>in vivo</i>. We also showed that intact BEVs are capable of degrading bile acids via a bile salt hydrolase. Collectively these findings provide additional evidence for the dynamic interplay of host-microbe interactions in the GIT and the existence of an active mechanism to drive and enrich a selected group of proteins for secretion into BEVs in the GIT. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a complex community of microbes termed the microbiota that plays a role in maintaining the host's health and wellbeing. How this comes about and the nature of microbe-host cell interactions in the GIT is still unclear. Recently, nanosized vesicles naturally produced by bacterial constituents of the microbiota have been shown to influence responses of different host cells although the molecular basis and identity of vesicle-born bacterial proteins that mediate these interactions is unclear. We show here that bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by the human symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the GIT are enriched in a set of proteins and enzymes, including dipeptidyl peptidases, an asparaginase and a bile salt hydrolase that can influence host cell biosynthetic pathways. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis of microbiota-host interactions that are central to maintaining GIT homeostasis and health.
Accelerometer-based Physical Activity (2014)

The use of accelerometers in physical activity (PA) research has increased exponentially over the past 20 yr. The first commercially available accelerometer for assessing PA, the Caltrac, was worn on the waist and estimated PA energy expenditure in kilocalories. Around 1995, the emphasis shifted to measuring minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), especially for bouts of 10 min or longer. Recent studies, however, show that light-intensity PA and intermittent (nonbout) MVPA also have important health benefits. The total volume of PA performed is an important variable because it takes the frequency, intensity, and duration of activity bouts and condenses them down into a single metric. The total volume of PA is appropriate for many research applications and can enhance comparisons between studies. In the future, machine learning algorithms will provide improved accuracy for activity type recognition and estimation of PA energy expenditure. However, in the current landscape of objectively measured PA, total activity counts per day (TAC/d) is a proxy for the total volume of PA. TAC/d percentiles for age- and gender-specific groups have been developed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ActiGraph data (2003-2006), providing a novel way to assess PA. The use of TAC/d or standardized units of acceleration could harmonize PA across studies. TAC/d should be viewed as an additional metric, not intended to replace other metrics (e.g., sedentary time, light-intensity PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA) that may also be related to health. As future refinements to wearable monitors occur, researchers should continue to consider metrics that reflect the total volume of PA in addition to existing PA metrics.
A Breakdown Voltage Multiplier for High Voltage Swing Drivers (2007)

A novel breakdown voltage (BV) multiplier is introduced that makes it possible to generate high output voltage swings using transistors with low breakdown voltages. The timing analysis of the stage is used to optimize its dynamic response. A 10 Gb/s optical modulator driver with a differential output voltage swing of 8V on a 50 Omega load was implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS process. It uses the BV-Doubler topology to achieve output swings twice the collector-emitter breakdown voltage without stressing any single transistor
Psx homeobox gene is X‐linked and specifically expressed in trophoblast cells of mouse placenta (1999)

We previously isolated a cDNA clone for a homeobox-containing gene with its expression restricted to the extraembryonic tissues. In this study, Psx gene expression was further examined using in situhybridization to determine the cellular distribution of Psx transcripts during embryo development. Psx expression was first detected at embryonic day 8.5 only in trophoblast giant cells and chorionic ectoderm. At E 9.5 and E 13.5, the expression was restricted to the giant cells and the labyrinthine trophoblast layer. In addition, the gene expression was detected in differentiated Rcho-1 trophoblast cells in vitro, which is typical of trophoblast giant cells in vivo, but not in proliferating Rcho-1 cells and HRP-1 cells. Interestingly, rat Psx homologue mRNA is about 200 bp shorter than mouse Psx, suggesting that there is a high degree of sequence divergence between the mouse and rat Psx homologues. The sequence divergence, perhaps as a result of rapid evolution, is further supported by the zoo blot analysis because the Psx gene was detectable only in mouse and rat but not in other vertebrate species tested. Psx is localized to the murine X chromosome. Taken together, our results suggest that Psx gene plays a unique role in the function of differentiated trophoblast cells and also serves as a useful model for studying trophoblast cell lineages and the rapid evolution of homeobox genes. Dev Dyn 1999;216:257–266. ©1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Solubilities of vegetable oils in aqueous ethanol and ethanol‐hexane mixtures (1959)

Summary The solubility of vegetable oils in aqueous ethanol depends on the concentration of alcohol and temperature of the system. At ordinary temperatures even absolute alcohol is not a good solvent for vegetable oils since the solubility is even less than 10 g. of oil per 100 g. of alcohol. Mowrah, safflower, peanut, and cottonseed oils are soluble in absolute alcohol at 70°C. All the oils investigated are found to be miscible above the boiling point of alcohol even if the concentration is 98%. In 95% ethanol they are miscible between 90° and 100°C. Addition of a good solvent, like n‐hexane, increases the solubility of oils, and the solubility temperatures are lowered. From the results obtained by various methods of solubility determination it is found that the apparatus employed in the present work yields more reliable results by eliminating the visual observation of turbidity temperatures, ensuring vigorous stirring and allowing sufficient amount of time to attain equilibrium conditions in determining the solubilities of vegetable oils.
Micropatterned Biopolymer 3D Scaffold for Static and Dynamic Culture of Human Fibroblasts (2006)

During in vivo tissue regeneration, cell behavior is highly influenced by the surrounding environment. Thus, the choice of scaffold material and its microstructure is one of the fundamental steps for a successful in vitro culture. An efficacious method for scaffold fabrication should prove its versatility and the possibility of controlling micro- and nanostructure. In this paper, hyaluronic acid 3D scaffolds were developed through lamination of micropatterned membranes, fabricated after optimization of a soft-lithography method. The scaffold presented here is characterized by a homogeneous hexagonal lattice with porosity of 69%, specific surface area of 287 cm-1, and permeability of 18.9 microm2. The control over the geometry was achieved with an accuracy of 20 mum. This technique allowed not only fabrication of planar 3D scaffolds but also production of thin wall tubular constructs. Mechanical tests, performed on dry tubular scaffolds, show high rupture tensile strength. This construct could be promising not only as engineered vascular grafts but also for regeneration of skin, urethra, and intestinal walls. The biocompatibility of a 3D planar scaffold was tested by seeding human fibroblasts. The cells were cultured in both static and dynamic conditions, in a perfusion bioreactor at different flow rates. Microscope analysis and MTT test showed cell proliferation and viability and a uniform cell distribution likely due to an appropriate lattice structure.
Low density lipoprotein-cholesteryl ester-derived linoleic acid is mainly incorporated into the phospholipid component of the macrophages. (1995)

The cellular metabolism of the cholesterol in the low density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester (LDL-CE) moiety is well characterized, whereas the cellular fate of the fatty acid (mainly linoleic acid) in the LDL-CE has not been studied in detail. The distribution of the LDL-CE-derived linoleic acid among cellular lipids was studied in J-774 A.1 macrophages, using LDL that was radiolabeled in the linoleic acid of its CE moiety. Macrophages were incubated with radiolabeled LDL for 4 h at 4 degrees C, washed and further incubated for up to 24 h at 37 degrees C in a fresh medium (without LDL). The distribution of the linoleic acid among cellular lipids was then analyzed. After 20 min of incubation, most of the linoleic acid was found in the CE fraction as a constituent of the internalized LDL, and the CE-associated linoleate was progressively decreased. In parallel, the linoleic acid was found to be esterified into the macrophage phospholipids (mostly in the macrophage phosphatidyl choline fraction), accounting for up to 62% of the total cellular labeled linoleic acid after 24 h of incubation. We conclude that the fatty acid derived from the hydrolysis of the LDL-CE moiety in macrophages is mainly incorporated into the cellular phospholipids where it can serve for various cellular metabolic processes.
Indexing personal image collections: a flexible, scalable solution (2010)

The growth of personal image collections has boosted the creation of many applications, many of which depend on the existence of fast schemes to match similar image descriptors. In this paper we present multicurves, a new indexing method for multimedia descriptors, able to handle high dimensionalities (100 dimensions and over) and large databases (millions of descriptors). The technique allows a fast implementation of approximate kNN search, and deals easily with data updating (insertions and deletions). The index is based on the simultaneous use of several moderate-dimensional space-filling curves. The combined effect of having more than one curve, and reducing the dimensionality of each individual curve allows overcoming undesirable boundary effects. In empirical evaluations, the method compares favorably with state-of-the-art methods, especially when the constraints of secondary storage are considered.
Electromechanical Coupling between Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle (2000)

Skeletal myoblasts form grafts of mature muscle in injured hearts, and these grafts contract when exogenously stimulated. It is not known, however, whether cardiac muscle can form electromechanical junctions with skeletal muscle and induce its synchronous contraction. Here, we report that undifferentiated rat skeletal myoblasts expressed N-cadherin and connexin43, major adhesion and gap junction proteins of the intercalated disk, yet both proteins were markedly downregulated after differentiation into myo-tubes. Similarly, differentiated skeletal muscle grafts in injured hearts had no detectable N-cadherin or connexin43; hence, electromechanical coupling did not occur after in vivo grafting. In contrast, when neonatal or adult cardiomyocytes were cocultured with skeletal muscle, approximately 10% of the skeletal myotubes contracted in synchrony with adjacent cardiomyocytes. Isoproterenol increased myotube contraction rates by 25% in coculture without affecting myotubes in monoculture, indicating the cardiomyocytes were the pacemakers. The gap junction inhibitor heptanol aborted myotube contractions but left spontaneous contractions of individual cardiomyocytes intact, suggesting myotubes were activated via gap junctions. Confocal microscopy revealed the expression of cadherin and connexin43 at junctions between myotubes and neonatal or adult cardiomyocytes in vitro. After microinjection, myotubes transferred dye to neonatal cardiomyocytes via gap junctions. Calcium imaging revealed synchronous calcium transients in cardiomyocytes and myotubes. Thus, cardiomyocytes can form electromechanical junctions with some skeletal myotubes in coculture and induce their synchronous contraction via gap junctions. Although the mechanism remains to be determined, if similar junctions could be induced in vivo, they might be sufficient to make skeletal muscle grafts beat synchronously with host myocardium.
Object shape modelling from multiple range images by matching signed distance fields (2003)

Modelling object shapes from multiple range images requires three procedures: removal of measurement errors, registering input shapes and integrating them as a shape representation. We propose a unified framework in which these procedures can be solved simultaneously. Discrete samples of the signed distance field (SDF) from the object surface are used as the shape representation. If the data shapes are registered correctly, the SDF should match in the common coordinate system. The data shapes are first integrated by averaging the data SDF assuming that they are roughly pre-registered. The data shapes are registered to the integrated shape by matching the SDF. Integration and registration are iterated until the input shapes are registered to the integrated shape. Weighting values are controlled to reject outliers caused by measurement errors and wrong correspondences. The proposed method does not suffer from cumulative pairwise registration errors because all data shapes are registered to an integrated shape. A polygonal surface model is generated from the integrated SDF. The method was tested on synthetic and real range images, and multiresolution results are also presented.
Capacity of a class of relay channels with state (2012)

The class of orthogonal relay channels with state in which the source and the relay are connected through a channel that depends on a state sequence is considered. It is assumed that the state sequence is fully known at the destination while it is not known at the source or the relay. The source and the relay are connected to the destination through orthogonal channels. The capacity of this class of relay channels is characterized and it is shown to be achieved by the partial decode-compress-and-forward (pDCF) scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first single relay channel model for which the capacity is achieved by pDCF, while partial decode-and-forward (pDF) and compress-and-forward (CF) schemes are suboptimal in general.
Metamaterial sensor applications based on broadside-coupled SRR and V-Shaped resonator structures (2011)

In this study, the use of broadside-coupled SRR (BC-SRR) metamaterial topology is suggested for pressure, temperature, humidity and concentration sensor applications. Also, the use of V-shaped resonator topology is suggested for pressure sensor application. The feasibility of such sensors are demonstrated by numerical simulations for microwave region under magnetic excitation.
Immunohistochemical estimation of cell cycle entry and phase distribution in astrocytomas: applications in diagnostic neuropathology (2005)

An immunohistochemical method for assessing cell cycle phase distribution in neurosurgical biopsies would enable such data to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms for the estimation of prognosis and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in glial neoplasms, without the requirement for flow cytometric analysis. Paraffin-embedded sections of intracerebral gliomas (n = 48), consisting of diffuse astrocytoma (n = 9), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 8) and glioblastoma (n = 31), were analysed by immunohistochemistry using markers of cell cycle entry, Mcm-2 and Ki67, and putative markers of cell cycle phase, cyclins D1 (G1-phase), cyclin A (S-phase), cyclin B1 (G2-phase) and phosphohistone H3 (Mitosis). Double labelling confocal microscopy confirmed that the phase markers were infrequently coexpressed. Cell cycle estimations by immunohistochemistry were corroborated by flow cytometric analysis. There was a significant increase in Mcm-2 (P < 0.0001), Ki67 (P < 0.0001), cyclin A (P < 0.0001) and cyclin B1 (P = 0.002) expression with increasing grade from diffuse astrocytoma through anaplastic astrocytoma to glioblastoma, suggesting that any of these four markers has potential as a marker of tumour grade. In a subset of glioblastomas (n = 16) for which accurate clinical follow-up data were available, there was a suggestion that the cyclin A:Mcm-2 labelling fraction might predict a relatively favourable response to radical radiotherapy. These provisional findings, however, require confirmation by a larger study. We conclude that it is feasible to obtain detailed cell cycle data by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue biopsies. Such information may facilitate tumour grading and may enable information of prognostic value to be obtained in the routine diagnostic laboratory.
Topologies and power division characteristics of fiber optic networks (1986)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
Synthesis of 1H-quinazoline-4-ones using intramolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution (2003)

The anions of 1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-3-phenylthiourea 1, 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-phenylthiourea 2 and 1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-3-phenylurea 8 undergo intramolecular nucleophilic substitution (putative S N Ar mechanism), and not intramolecular S RN 1 substitution, to yield 1-phenyl-2thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one 6 and 1-phenyl-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione 9 respectively. Under the same reaction conditions with the addition of copper(I) iodide, phenylthioureas 1 and 2 gave a rearrangement to the respective 2-halogeno-N-phenylbenzamides.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC SINUSITS MAXILLARIS WITH PRONASE-P (1963)

Treatment of chronic sinusitis maxillaris is laris. 1)A total of 80 cases consisting of 6 cases of ted revealing 63 cases(about80%)to be effective. 2)A total of 20 cases consisting of 8 cases of 8 cases of chronic sinusitis ethmoidalis, 3 cases of chronic sinusitis maxillaris with polyps, 4 cases of nasalpolyps and 5 cases of cellulitis ethmbidalis postoperatively resulting in a faster recovery than ordinary procedures.
Calculations of Brillouin backscatter in laser-produced plasmas (1981)

Brillouin backscatter is calculated in an inhomogeneous laser produced plasma. Equations for the spatial dependence of the incident reflected and sound wave are numerically integrated through the underdense plasma. Effects investigated are the stabilizing effects of ion heating or nonlinear sound wave dissipation, flow velocity magnitude and gradient, electron heating and broad band incident laser light. We find that the effect of velocity gradient and broad band light can be very important in reducing the backscatter. (Author)