gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoreduction of N-methylphthalimide with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Evidence for reaction through an electron transfer generated ion pair (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction of N-methylphthalimide with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Evidence for reaction through an electron transfer generated ion pairPaul H. Mazzocchi and Lori KlinglerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 24, 7567–7572Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00336a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00336a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperparameter Importance Analysis based on N-RReliefF Algorithm (2019)

Hyperparameter selection has always been the key to machine learning. The Bayesian optimization algorithm has recently achieved great success, but it has certain constraints and limitations in selecting hyperparameters. In response to these constraints and limitations, this paper proposed the N-RReliefF algorithm, which can evaluate the importance of hyperparameters and the importance weights between hyperparameters. The N-RReliefF algorithm estimates the contribution of a single hyperparameter to the performance according to the influence degree of each hyperparameter on the performance and calculates the weight of importance between the hyperparameters according to the improved normalization formula. The N-RReliefF algorithm analyses the hyperparameter configuration and performance set generated by Bayesian optimization, and obtains the important hyperparameters in random forest algorithm and SVM algorithm. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the N-RReliefF algorithm.
Machine learning based spectral interpretation in chemical detection (2019)

Increasingly the design of chemical detection alarm algorithms to alert Soldiers of danger grows more complex as new threats emerge. These algorithms need to be robust enough to prevent false alarms to interferents and sensitive enough to alarm to the incredibly small doses that could prove lethal. The design of these algorithms have left a plethora of data that can be leveraged and utilized in a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques. ML is a field of computer science that uses a set of programming and statistical techniques to enable computers to “learn” from input data without being explicitly programmed. Presented is an application of ML to change two independent fielded chemical detectors into an orthogonal system to improve detection algorithms. The approach models the data from an ion-mobility spectrometer (IMS) and a photoionization detector containing electrochemical sensors (PIDECS) to train a ML model (MLA). The semi-supervised MLA is trained using a supervised learning data set, composed of partially labeled data from the heterogeneous instruments, and then fine-tuned using an unsupervised learning algorithm. The MLA correctly identifies two chemical species with over-lapping IMS detection windows. ML can be utilized to improve the ability of currently fielded detectors or future devices to accurately label chemical unknowns given the parameters of detection. The techniques discussed here presents a starting point for improving current and future alarm algorithms with ML.
Regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration using commercial solutions (2003)

We designed an efficient method of regional citrate anticoagulation for CVVHDF by using commercial solutions. The monitoring of patients was as intensive as during heparin anticoagulation for CRRT. Because of the higher cost of this method, it should be proposed only for patients with high bleeding risk.
6-( p -Hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil: A Selective Inhibitor of Host DNA Replication in Phage-Infected Bacillus subtilis (1970)

The azopyrimidine, 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil, inhibits the replication of bacterial DNA selectively, completely, and reversibly, and has no apparent effects on the metabolism of other cellular macromolecules thus far examined. The mechanism of its action has been investigated in uninfected and phage-infected Bacillus subtilis, and the compound appears to be specific for a host function. In cells infected with virulent phage the synthesis of phage DNA proceeds normally, while residual host DNA synthesis is completely blocked. The drug-sensitive host site retains its sensitivity even after partial disruption of the cell by lysozyme treatment.
Facility to Alleviate Salt Technology Risks (FASTR): Preliminary Design Report with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (2019)

The Facility to Alleviate Salt Technology Risks (FASTR) is a versatile, high-temperature (>600°C) molten chloride salt test facility designed to enable a variety of testing to advance the Generation 3 (Gen 3) Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) molten salt technology. FASTR includes a salt preparation system and a forced flow test loop with a suite of instrumentation. The FASTR loop is capable of 725°C operation, flow rates of 3–7 kg/s, includes heated and cooled sections, and swappable components to enable testing of future vendor-supplied hardware. The salt preparation system supplies large batches (e.g., 200 kg) of clean salt for use in the FASTR forced convection loop. This report summarizes the planned design and capabilities of FASTR. In addition, a failure modes and effects analysis of the system is reported.
RMIT University at TREC 2004 (2004)

RMIT University participated in two tracks at TREC 2004: Terabyte and Genomics, both for the first time. This paper describes the techniques we applied and our experiments in both tracks, and discusses the results of the genomics track runs; the terabyte track results are unavailable at the time of manuscript submission.
Newly diagnosed carotid atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease admitted for cardiac rehabilitation. (2004)

Silent and previously undetected carotid atherosclerosis is frequent in CAD patients admitted for cardiac rehabilitation. The absence of severe CAD reflects the absence of > or = 50% carotid stenosis.
Nonlinear observability of grinding mill conditions (2016)

A nonlinear observer model of a grinding mill is developed. The model distinguishes between the volumetric hold-up of water, solids, rocks and balls in the mill, where solids are all ore small enough to discharge through the end-discharge grate, and rocks are all ore too large to discharge. The model includes the discharge rate, abrasion rate of rocks and the abrasion rate of balls as parameters. It is shown that with mill discharge flow-rate, discharge density and volumetric hold-up measurements the model states and parameters are locally (weakly) nonlinearly observable, but not linearly observable. Although instrumentation at the mill discharge is not yet included in industrial circuits because of space restrictions, this study motivates the benefits to be gained from including instrumentation at the mill discharge. If mills are fitted with adequate measurement instrumentation at the discharge, important mill states and parameters can be estimated.
Posttranslational modifications in microcin B17 define an additional class of DNA gyrase inhibitor. (1994)

Drugs that inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase fall almost exclusively into two structural classes, the quinolones and the coumarins. A third class of DNA gyrase inhibitor is defined by the ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotic microcin B17 (MccB17). MccB17 contains 43 amino acid residues, but 14 of these are posttranslationally modified. Here we describe the characterization of the structure of these modifications. We propose that four cysteine and four serine side chains undergo condensation with the carbonyl group of the preceding residue, followed by alpha/beta dehydrogenation to yield four thiazole and four oxazole rings, respectively. The three proteins implicated in catalyzing these modifications (McbBCD) would constitute the only thiazole/oxazole biosynthetic enzymes identified. These results open up possibilities for the design of DNA gyrase inhibitors and add to the repertoire of posttranslational modifications with potential for protein engineering. Escherichia coli sbmA mutants, which lack the inner membrane protein (SbmA) involved in MccB17 uptake, were found to be resistant to bleomycin. Bleomycin is structurally unrelated to MccB17 except for the fact that it contains two thiazole rings. This suggests that thiazole rings are part of the MccB17 structure recognized by SbmA. This observation and the finding that SbmA homologs are widely conserved and can play developmental roles [Glazebrook, J., Ichige, A. & Walker, G. C. (1993) Genes Dev. 7, 1485-1497] suggest that thiazole- and oxazole-containing compounds may serve as signaling molecules for a wide variety of bacteria in diverse environments, including pathogen interactions with plant and animal hosts.
Augmented Reality Visualization for CT-guided Interventions: System Description, Feasibility, and Initial Evaluation in an Abdominal Phantom (2006)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of an augmented reality (AR) visualization prototype for virtual computed tomography (CT)-guided interventional procedures in a multimodality abdominal phantom. With the aid of AR guidance, three radiologists performed 30 attempts at targeting simulated liver lesions of different sizes (range, 5–15 mm) with a biopsy needle. The position of the needle tip relative to the lesion was verified by using ultrasonography and CT. With AR guidance, lesions were successfully targeted with the first needle pass in all cases. On the basis of these results, AR visualization for CT-guided intervention appears feasible and allows intuitive and accurate lesion targeting in a phantom. Supplemental material: radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2401040018/DC1 © RSNA, 2006
Transient flow analysis of an aircraft refueling system (1983)

Transient pressures and flows in an aircraft aerial refueling system are presented for a sudden disconnect between a tanker aircraft and a receiver aircraft. Transient conditions are simulated in the tanker refueling system during and after the sudden closure of the poppet valve at the refueling nozzle of the tanker aircraft. The simulations are obtained using a transient flow analysis computer program originally developed for hydraulic systems. Transient pressure simulations are compared with pressure transients obtained experimentally during ground tests. Agreement between the simulations and experiment is obtained. Surge arrestors are shown to limit the surge pressure.
Supplementary Table 1 from High WT1 Expression Is Associated with Very Poor Survival of Patients with Osteogenic Sarcoma Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from High WT1 Expression Is Associated with Very Poor Survival of Patients with Osteogenic Sarcoma Metastasis
Words Representing Numeric Probabilities in Medical Writing Are Ambiguous and Misinterpreted (2021)

Words of estimative probability have widely varied interpretations to physicians. This makes interpretation of those words incomprehensible for scientific meaning resulting in communication without comprehension.
Factors affecting the immunogenicity of tetanus toxin fragment C expressed in Lactococcus lactis (1996)

The relative immunogenicity of tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) has been determined in three different strains of inbred mice when expressed in Lactococcus lactis as a membrane-anchored protein (strain UCP1054), as an intracellular protein (strain UCP1050), or as a secreted protein which is partly retained within the cell wall (strain UCP1052). Protection against toxin challenge (20 × LD50) could be obtained without the induction of anti-lactococcal antibodies. When compared in terms of the dose of expressed tetanus toxin fragment C required to elicit protection against lethal challenge the membrane-anchored form was significantly (10–20 fold) more immunogenic than the alternative forms of the protein.
Mongrel: hybrid techniques for standard cell placement (2000)

We give an overview of a standard-cell placer Mongrel. The prototype tool adopts a middle-down methodology in which a grid is imposed over the layout area and cells are assigned to bins forming a global placement. The optimization technique applied in this phase is based on the Relaxation-Based Local Search (RBLS) framework in which a combinatorial search mechanism is driven by an analytical engine. This enables a more global view of the problem and results in complex modifications of the placement in a single search move. Details of this approach including a novel placement legalization procedure are presented. When a global placement has converged, a detailed placement is formed and further optimized by the proposed optimal interleaving technique. Experimental results are presented and are quite promising, demonstrating that there is significant room for improvement in state of the art placement.
Cattle Distribution on Mountain Rangeland in Northeastern Oregon (1984)

Cattle grazing distribution patterns were studied directly through observation and indirectly through plant utilization during 3 summer grazing seasons under continuous and deferred-rotation grazing systems. Small riparian meadows were the most preferred plant communities. Meadows covered 3-5% of the total observation area but 24-47% of all cattle were observed in those plant communities. Logged forest communities ranked second in animal preference when available. Relatively open Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii plant communities were the most preferred forested habitats. Deferred grazing equalized cattle use between logged areas and P. ponderosa-P. menziesii forests and increased cattle use of riparian meadows. Heavily forested sites were least preferred by cattle. Slope gradient was the only physical factor consistently associated with cattle grazing distribution. Water distribution was not correlated with grazing patterns in uplant plant communities. Multiple regression models could not predict grazing distribution patterns with useful precision.
Quantum optimization with arbitrary connectivity using Rydberg atom arrays (2022)

Programmable quantum systems based on Rydberg atom arrays have recently been used for hardware-efficient tests of quantum optimization algorithms [Ebadi et al., Science, 376, 1209 (2022)] with hundreds of qubits. In particular, the maximum independent set problem on so-called unit-disk graphs, was shown to be efficiently encodable in such a quantum system. Here, we extend the classes of problems that can be efficiently encoded in Rydberg arrays by constructing explicit mappings from a wide class of problems to maximum weighted independent set problems on unit-disk graphs, with at most a quadratic overhead in the number of qubits. We analyze several examples, including: maximum weighted independent set on graphs with arbitrary connectivity, quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems with arbitrary or restricted connectivity, and integer factorization. Numerical simulations on small system sizes indicate that the adiabatic time scale for solving the mapped problems is strongly correlated with that of the original problems. Our work provides a blueprint for using Rydberg atom arrays to solve a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems with arbitrary connectivity, beyond the restrictions imposed by the hardware geometry.
The use of radioiodinated alpha-fetoprotein for the scintigraphic detection of mouse mammary carcinomas (1984)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is taken up by developing fetal cells but not by normal adult cells. This finding together with the resemblance between fetal cells and cancer cells suggests that malignant tissue could incorporate AFP in opposition to normal tissue. In the present work, we injected mice bearing spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas with 131I-radioiodinated AFP. The scintigraphic images obtained with a gamma camera showed that 11 out of 12 carcinomas displayed strong radiolabelling with very low activity in the surrounding normal tissues. In addition, three non-neoplastic cystic lesions were found to be negative. The future implications of this result for tumour diagnosis, as well as the possible mechanisms of AFP uptake are discussed.
High-Density Cell Microarrays for Parallel Functional Determinations (2002)

Whole-genome sequencing projects have generated a wealth of gene sequences from a variety of organisms. A major challenge is to rapidly uncover gene regulatory circuits and their functional manifestations at the cellular level. Here we report the coupled fabrication of nanocraters ranging in size from 100 pL to 1.5 nL on permeable membranes for culturing cells. Using this approach, we developed bacterial and yeast cell microarrays that allowed phenotypic determinations of gene activities and drug targets on a large scale. Cell microarrays will therefore be a particularly useful tool for studying phenotypes of gene activities on a genome-wide scale.
Reliable Approach for Pure Yeast Cell Wall Protein Isolation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Cells (2022)

<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yeast is a fungus presenting a peripheral organelle called the cell wall. The cell wall protects the yeast cell from stress and provides means for communication with the surrounding environment. It has a complex molecular structure, composed of an internal part of cross-linked polysaccharides and an external part of mannoproteins. These latter are very interesting owing to their functional properties, dependent on their molecular features with massive mannosylations. Therefore, the molecular characterization of mannoproteins is a must relying on the optimal isolation and preparation of the cell wall fraction. Multiple methods are well reported for yeast cell wall isolation. The most applied one consists of yeast cell lysis by mechanical disruption. However, applying this classical approach to S288C yeast cells showed considerable contamination with noncell wall proteins, mainly comprising mitochondrial proteins. Herein, we tried to further purify the yeast cell wall preparation by two means: ultracentrifugation and Triton X-100 addition. While the first strategy showed limited outcomes in mitochondrial protein removal, the second strategy showed optimal results when Triton X-100 was added at 5%, allowing the identification of more mannoproteins and significantly enriching their amounts. This promising method could be reliably implemented on the lab scale for identification of mannoproteins and molecular characterization and industrial processes for "pure" cell wall isolation.
An Adaptive Secure Handover Authenticated Key Agreement for Multi-Server Architecture Communication Applications (2022)

Mobile terminals have been widely used in the communication applications (e.g., vehicular network, e-Health, smart grid and e-Commerce) as they can obtain all kinds of services and upload data for users anytime and anywhere. With the number of users increasing dramatically and user demands diversifying, multi-server architecture was proposed to solve issues on lack of service resources that single-server architecture remains. However, multi-server architecture faces a series of challenges in applications, such as security and authentication efficiency requirements. Thus, many authenticated key agreement (AKA) protocols are presented, yet most of them require unacceptable computation and communication overhead, which is inefficient indeed. In this paper, we propose an adaptive secure handover authenticated key agreement protocol for multi-server architecture. Specifically, broadcast mechanism is utilized to assist users to select appropriate service providers with the lowest cost. Users can realize efficient handover authentication with multiple servers in the proposed scheme, that is, after completing initial authentication, users can switch to other servers and complete authentication through simple operations. Security analysis shows the proposed protocol can meet all security requirements and compared with other relevant protocols, it greatly reduces the computation and communication overhead. In addition, the above advantages grow significantly as the number of servers to be authenticated increases.
Concentration and avidity of antibodies to different circumsporozoite epitopes correlate with RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine efficacy (2019)

RTS,S/AS01E has been tested in a phase 3 malaria vaccine study with partial efficacy in African children and infants. In a cohort of 1028 subjects from one low (Bagomoyo) and two high (Nanoro, Kintampo) malaria transmission sites, we analysed IgG plasma/serum concentration and avidity to CSP (NANP-repeat and C-terminal domains) after a 3-dose vaccination against time to clinical malaria events during 12-months. Here we report that RTS,S/AS01E induces substantial increases in IgG levels from pre- to post-vaccination (p < 0.001), higher in NANP than C-terminus (2855 vs 1297 proportional change between means), and higher concentrations and avidities in children than infants (p < 0.001). Baseline CSP IgG levels are elevated in malaria cases than controls (p < 0.001). Both, IgG magnitude to NANP (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.61 [0.48-0.76]) and avidity to C-terminus (0.07 [0.05-0.90]) post-vaccination are significantly associated with vaccine efficacy. IgG avidity to the C-terminus emerges as a significant contributor to RTS,S/AS01E-mediated protection.