gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Alkyl Ammonium Modified Self-Assembled Helicoidal Cellulose Nano Crystal Films: How Reactivity Controls Polymer Dynamics (2020)

Due to the large volume fraction of nanoscale-reinforcement in cellulose-rich CNC-polymer nanocomposites and the extensive surface area, nearly all the soft/polymeric phase is interfacial (interphase polymer) and therefore, under nanoconfinement. It is well-established that the dynamic properties of any interphase polymer are determined by the structure of the polymer and strength of the interactions with the hard phase, and can deviate significantly from that of the neat polymer. With optimal interfacial interactions, this leads to significantly enhanced performance in many natural composites, such as those found in crustacean and insects shells, and bone. Yet, the role of interfacial interactions, polymer structure, and nano-confinement in helicoidal cellulose nano crystal nanocomposites remains incompletely understood. Here, we use fluorescently labelled helicoidal cellulose nanocomposites and fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to study the nature of the effect of polymer structure (cross linked, blend) on the confinement effect in alkyl ammonium modified sulfate-CNC. nanocomposites. Figure 1
Method for broadband measurement of complex shear modulus and Poisson ratio of viscoelastic materials (1997)

This method is based on the inverse solution to the vibration problem of a finite elastic cylinder with reinforced torsion surfaces by rigid septa or plates. In all cases the polymer layer to be tested is bonded to rigid plates; therefore, the radial displacement is zero at the boundary between the polymer layer and the septum. The admittance matrix Y of the element with abovementioned boundary conditions is constructed within the framework of the hypothesis for planar cross sections. The dimensionless shear wave number kt(ω)h and compression wave number kλ(ω)h, which are the unknown variables, are obtained by measuring the transfer matrix of a known structure and as a result of solving the transcendental equation in a designated frequency range. Data are attained over a broadband of frequencies and temperatures without dependence on the time-temperature superposition principle. 10:00
A Fundamental Study of Isolation and Determination of Titanium Compounds in Steels (1972)

A fundamental study of isolation and determination of titanium compounds in steels was carried out by means of hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, bromine-ester, iodine-alcohol, and potentiostatic electrolysis methods.The results are as follows:1. According to the experimental results on chemical behaviors of various synthesized titanium compounds, (1) Titanium carbide, TiC is very stable in mineral acids, but easily decomposed in oxidizing reagents.(2) Titanium nitride, TiN is decomposed in nitric acid, while in other mineral acids it is slightly decomposed at elevated temperatures.(3) Titanium oxides, the higher the valency of titanium, the more stable the oxide is. And ferrous titanium oxides are attacked in mineral acids.(4) Above-mentioned titanium compounds, TiC, TiN and titanium oxides, are very stable in iodinealcohol and bromine-ester.(5) Titanium sulphides, TiS and Ti3S4 are unstable in mineral acids and easily decomposed in iodinealcohol, bromine-ester and other oxidizing reagents.2. Carbide, TiC in steels can be extracted by any methods quantitatively.3. Nitride, TiN in steels is also extracted by any methods but the isolated TiN is gradually decomposed in mineral acids.4. For isolation of titanium compounds in steel, the electrolytic method is desirable, because in acid and halogen-organic solvent the unstable compounds such as TiO, 2FeO·TiO2, TiS and the precipitates of very fine particles are attacked slowly.5. Chemical separation of synthesized titanium carbide, nitride, oxide and sulphide is possible, but chemical behavior of inclusions and precipitates in steels are affected by their size, disorder of their lattice and coexisting elements so that accurate separation is very difficult.
A Topological Abstraction for Implementing Recursive Subdivision Surface Computations (2006)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Retracted: First‐line pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy in metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer: KEYNOTE‐024 Japan subset (2020)

This prespecified subanalysis of the global, randomized controlled phase III KEYNOTE-024 study of pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy in previously untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without EGFR/ALK alterations and a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score of 50% or greater evaluated clinical outcomes among patients enrolled in Japan. Treatment consisted of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (35 cycles) or platinum-based chemotherapy (four to six cycles). The primary end-point was progression-free survival; secondary end-points included overall survival and safety. Of 305 patients randomized in KEYNOTE-024 overall, 40 patients were enrolled in Japan (all received treatment: pembrolizumab, n = 21; chemotherapy, n = 19). The hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival by independent central review (data cut-off date, 10 July 2017) was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.64; one-sided, nominal P = .001). The HR for overall survival (data cut-off date, 15 February 2019) was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.17-0.91; one-sided, nominal P = .012). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21/21 (100%) pembrolizumab-treated and 18/19 (95%) chemotherapy-treated patients; eight patients (38%) and nine patients (47%), respectively, had grade 3-5 events. Immune-mediated adverse events and infusion reactions occurred in 11 patients (52%) and four patients (21%), respectively; four patients (19%) and one patient (5%), respectively, had grade 3-5 events. Consistent with results from KEYNOTE-024 overall, first-line pembrolizumab improved progression-free survival and overall survival vs chemotherapy with manageable safety among Japanese patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without EGFR/ALK alterations and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 50% or greater. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02142738.
ROCK in a Stiff Place (2011)

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of atherosclerosis has revealed a vital role for the Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway associated with stiffening of the underlying extracellular matrix (Huynh et al., this issue).
Object-oriented databases with applications to CASE, networks, and VLSI CAD (1991)

Part I Object-oriented databases - the concepts: a guide to the OODB landscape a perspective on object-oriented and semantic database models and systems algorithmic and computational aspects of object-oriented schema design conceptual database evolution through learning the hypermodel benchmark for evaluating object-oriented databases transition to object-oriented development - promoting a new paradigm. Part II Some real object-oriented databases: an overview of existing object-oriented database systems and object-oriented database system to support an integrated programming environment programming with VBase abstract state and representation in VBase object SQL integrating an object server with other worlds. Part III Applications: the development of a framework for VLSI CAD object-oriented geographical information system using an object database to build integrated design environments. Part IV C++ and persistence: a quickstart introduction to C++ C++ and COP - a brief comparison ODE (object database and environment) - the language and the data model ONTOS - a persistent database for C++.
Large-Scale Scheduling with Routing, Batching and Release Dates for Wafer Fabs using Tabu Search (2018)

Semiconductor fabricating facilities (wafer fabs) aim for manageable, heuristics that can reproducibly solve their typical large-scale dynamic complex job shop scheduling problems. Hence, the main contribution of this work is a deterministic tabu search algorithm that sequences, routes and batches the process operations of a continuous reentrant material flow using a large-scale mix of single, flexible (parallel) and batch machines. Due to continuous production, release dates and due dates are considered to minimize job tardiness. Using known large-scale benchmark instances, sixteen neighborhood structures are validated to find a practical compromise between solution quality and computational effort. The result is a novel combination of neighborhoods for simultaneous sequencing, routing and batching that finds good schedules for problem instances of industrial size and complexity in an acceptable time.
Mapping the Regioisomeric Space and Visible Color Range of Purely Organic Dual Emitters with Ultralong Phosphorescence Components: From Violet to Red Towards Pure White Light (2021)

Abstract We mapped the entire visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and achieved white light emission (CIE: 0.31, 0.34) by combining the intrinsic ns‐fluorescence with ultralong ms‐phosphorescence from purely organic dual emitters. We realized small molecular materials showing high photoluminescence quantum yields (Φ L ) in the solid state at room temperature, achieved by active exploration of the regioisomeric substitution space. Chromophore stacking‐supported stabilization of triplet excitons with assistance from enhanced intersystem crossing channels in the crystalline state played the primary role for the ultra‐long phosphorescence. This strategy covers the entire visible spectrum, based on organic phosphorescent emitters with versatile regioisomeric substitution patterns, and provides a single molecular source of white light with long lifetime (up to 163.5 ms) for the phosphorescent component, and high overall photoluminescence quantum yields (up to Φ L =20 %).
[Correlation between malignancy of gastric cancer and c-myc DNA amplification or overexpression of c-myc protein]. (1995)

The amplification of c-myc DNA for fresh frozen tissue of 31 gastric adenocarcinomas was examined with dot blot hybridization method. Using the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method, the expression of c-myc protein was examined immunohistochemically for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue of 51 gastric adenocarcinomas including the same cases for c-myc DNA analysis. c-myc DNA amplification was detected in only 4 cases (12.9%). However, c-myc protein overexpression was recognized in 21 cases (41.2%). Only one of 4 cases showing c-myc DNA amplification indicated overexpression of c-myc protein. There was no statistically significant relation of c-myc protein overexpression with clinicopathological factors (histology, depth of invasion, invasion of the vessels, metastasis, intraabdominal dissemination and histological staging). These results suggest overexpression of c-myc protein could be recognized even in early gastric cancer indicating the relation of this gene product with proliferation of gastric cancer cells, although its role in the progression and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma might be minimal.
Coarse Grid Modeling of Turbine Film Cooling Flows Using Volumetric Source Terms (2001)

The recent trend in numerical modeling of turbine film cooling flows has been toward higher fidelity grids and more complex geometries. This trend has been enabled by the rapid increase in computing power available to researchers. However, the turbine design community requires fast turnaround time in its design computations, rendering these comprehensive simulations ineffective in the design cycle. The present study describes a methodology for implementing a volumetric source term distribution in a coarse grid calculation that can model the small-scale and three-dimensional effects present in turbine film cooling flows. This model could be implemented in turbine design codes or in multistage turbomachinery codes such as APNASA, where the computational grid size may be larger than the film hole size. Detailed computations of a single row of 35 degree round holes on a flat plate have been obtained for blowing ratios of 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0, and a density ratios of 1.0 and 2.0 using a multiblock grid system to resolve the flows on both sides of the plate as well as inside the hole itself. These detailed flow fields were spatially averaged to generate a field of volumetric source terms for each conservative flow variable. Solutions were also obtained using three coarse grids having streamwise and spanwise grid spacings of 3d, 1d, and d/3. These coarse grid solutions used the integrated hole exit mass, momentum, energy, and turbulence quantities from the detailed solutions as volumetric source terms. It is shown that a uniform source term addition over a distance from the wall on the order of the hole diameter is able to predict adiabatic film effectiveness better than a near-wall source term model, while strictly enforcing correct values of integrated boundary layer quantities.
On the dynamical origin of asymptotic t2 dispersion of a nondiffusive tracer in incompressible laminar flows (1994)

Using an elementary application of Birkhoff’s ergodic theorem, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of asymptotically t2 dispersion of a distribution of nondiffusive passive tracer in a class of incompressible laminar flows. Nonergodicity is shown to be the dynamical mechanism giving rise to this behavior.
116 Short Wave Infrared Light Imaging Distinguishes Superficial from Deep Burns (2020)

Abstract Introduction Burns represent a significant public health burden that rely on accurate diagnosis of burn depth. The gold standard for burn injury depth remains visual clinician appraisal. Candidate modalities for objective and standardized diagnostics have failed to reach wide adoption due to limitations in practicality, cost, and reproducibility. Here we utilize short wave infrared spectroscopy (SWIR) which involves analysis of a subset of the infrared spectrum, between 1000–2500 nm, and has previously been described in the assessment of water composition in human skin. Given literature highlighting moisture as a potential biomarker for tissue viability, we hypothesized a similar application in a novel, healthcare context for assessing tissue damage following contact burn injury. Methods A custom imaging system was constructed with tungsten-filament light source, filters centered at 1200, 1650, 1940, and 2250 nm, and a SWIR camera. Phantom models of agar slabs were constructed at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mm thickness and spectrally interrogated in epi-illumination and trans-illumination configurations (Fig A, top). For verification of moisture detection, filter paper was wetted with 50 µL H2O and imaged. For burns study, Yorkshire pigs (N=5) were injured with both short (20 s) and long (40 s) exposure burns to assess varying degrees of burn injury for SWIR and biopsy histology (H&amp;E, picrosirius). In vivo imaging occurred 72 hours after burn injury. For quantifications, a 50x50 pixel region was selected from the center of each burn site to determine average reflectance. Results Absorbance of SWIR light was found to depend on agar thickness, increasing with depth and moisture in substrates. 1940 nm absorbance was sensitive with full absorbance even in agar slabs as thin as 1 mm (Fig A, bottom). Water directly applied to paper demonstrated sharp demarcation of dry vs. wet regions consistent with absorptive patterns seen in agar (Fig B). Short (S) and long (L) regions of porcine burns were imaged (Fig C-D). Two-way ANOVA analysis across 5 animals revealed that reflected fraction was different for each wavelength (p&amp;lt; 0.001) and for both burn exposure times (p=0.011). Imaged wavelengths of 1200, 1650 and 2250, but not 1940 nm, showed a significant 10–20% higher reflectance in the long duration burn in comparison to the short or unburned regions (Fig E). Analysis of biopsies in each treatment region confirmed deeper damage with longer injury times (long: 922±45 vs short: 590±57 mm, n=10/group, p&amp;lt; 0.001, Fig F). Conclusions There exists a need in burn care for a reliable, objective measure of tissue viability following burn injury. SWIR spectroscopy can delineate moisture content in phantom models and distinguish burn depth in porcine models. Applicability of Research to Practice This work to be particularly timely given the need and demand for more objective diagnostic modalities in contemporary burn depth assessment.
The functional RNA cargo of bacterial membrane vesicles (2018)

Bacteria secrete RNAs, some of which have effects on other cells and on other species as signalling RNAs. Prokaryotic membrane vesicles (MVs) contain a range of RNA types. The MV structure offers protection from degradation as well as receptors to facilitate delivery to target cells. Microscopic imaging and molecular biology analyses have provided evidence to demonstrate that bacterial MVs deliver their RNA into eukaryotic cells. Moreover, in some cases the RNA cargo is demonstrably functional and phenotypic changes can be identified in MV-RNA treated target cells. The challenge now is to dissect the effect of MV-RNA on target cells away from the effects of non-RNA components of the MV such as lipopolysaccharide that can co-purify with RNA.
Thermal Behavior of Vulcanized Deproteinzed Natural Rubber Nano-composites (2014)

Thermal behavior of vulcanized depropteinized nano-composite were investigated in order to apply the DPNR latex as non-allergy. Removal of proteins from natural rubber was made by incubation of high ammonium natural rubber latex (HA-NR) with urea 0.1 wt% for 1 hour in the presence of surfactant at room temperature (DPNR). The nitrogen content of the DPNR was reduced to 0.05 wt%, which was lower than 0.45 wt% of HA-NR under the test condition. The reduction of protein content can be confirmed by observation a chemical structure through FT-IR technique. It is suggesting that the urea treatment is an effective method to remove protein from rubber latex. Amount of water soluble protein was observed through modified lowry method. It was found that the water soluble protein contented after incubation the HA-NR latex with urea was reduced from 4,245 μg/g to 15 μg/g. DPNR composite was prepared by incorporated nano-calcium carbonate (Nano-CaCO3) at 1 - 4 wt% into pre-vulcanized DPNR latex. Then, physical properties of the DPNR latex were investigated. The thermal properties of DPNR was investigated through the dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer and oxidation thermal aging. It was found that the corporation of nano-CaCO3 in DPNR latex could improve thermal and mechanical properties of the rubber. The results showed that the loss tangent (tanδ) was found to shift to lower temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalated Porphyrins Containing Lead(II), Copper(II) or Zinc(II). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Major Hepatic Resection for Neoplasia (1978)

One hundred eight patients have undergone major hepatic resection by the senior author during the eight year period April 1970 to April 1978. Primary liver cancer was present in 36; metastatic colorectal cancer in 25, miscellaneous metastatic cancers in 15, hepatoblastoma in 5, gallbladder cancer in 4, and bile duct cancer in 3. Benign tumors, principally giant hemangioma, were resected in 20 additional patients. The 30 day operative mortality rate was 9% overall. Prior to 1975, 41 of the resections were done using the vascular isolation perfusion technique. The operative mortality rate of 17% for this technique is a reflection of early experience and the advanced stage of disease of many patients. The operative mortality for the standard resection has been only 4%. Subphrenic abscess has developed in only 13% of patients during the past three years. Postoperative hospitalization has been shortened, being a median of 13 days. The resectability rate for malignant disease was 33%. Forty-six percent of the resections were performed with curative intent. Fifty-four per cent were palliative, performed in individuals with regional spread or distant metastasis. After curative surgery, three year survival was 88% for individuals with primary liver cancer and 72% with metastatic colorectal cancer. After palliative resection, the rates were 31 and 0%, respectively. The three year survival rate is 46% overall, being 81% for the curative resection group and 18% for the palliative group. Tumor markers proved useful in monitoring patients after hepatic resection.
Spatial Pyramid Pooling in Deep Convolutional Networks for Visual Recognition (2015)

Existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require a fixed-size (e.g., 224 × 224) input image. This requirement is "artificial" and may reduce the recognition accuracy for the images or sub-images of an arbitrary size/scale. In this work, we equip the networks with another pooling strategy, "spatial pyramid pooling", to eliminate the above requirement. The new network structure, called SPP-net, can generate a fixed-length representation regardless of image size/scale. Pyramid pooling is also robust to object deformations. With these advantages, SPP-net should in general improve all CNN-based image classification methods. On the ImageNet 2012 dataset, we demonstrate that SPP-net boosts the accuracy of a variety of CNN architectures despite their different designs. On the Pascal VOC 2007 and Caltech101 datasets, SPP-net achieves state-of-the-art classification results using a single full-image representation and no fine-tuning. The power of SPP-net is also significant in object detection. Using SPP-net, we compute the feature maps from the entire image only once, and then pool features in arbitrary regions (sub-images) to generate fixed-length representations for training the detectors. This method avoids repeatedly computing the convolutional features. In processing test images, our method is 24-102 × faster than the R-CNN method, while achieving better or comparable accuracy on Pascal VOC 2007. In ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) 2014, our methods rank #2 in object detection and #3 in image classification among all 38 teams. This manuscript also introduces the improvement made for this competition.
A role for Lyt-2+ T cells in resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in immunized mice. (1989)

The role of Lyt-2+ T cells in immunologic resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed by comparing infection patterns in resistant C57BL/6 mice and susceptible BALB/c mice induced to heal their infections after sub-lethal irradiation or i.v. immunization, with similar mice treated in vivo with anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. Administration of anti-Lyt-2 mAb resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of lymphoid cells expressing the Lyt-2+ phenotype. Such treatment led to enhanced disease in both resistant C57BL/6 and irradiated BALB/c mice, as assessed by lesion size, but did not affect the capacity of these mice to ultimately resolve their infections. In contrast, anti-Lyt-2 treatment totally blocked the induction of resistance in i.v. immunized mice. These results suggest, that Lyt-2+ T cells may play a role in immunity to a Leishmania major infection and that their relative importance to resistance may depend on how resistance is induced.