gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Material-specific predicting of the optimal joining parameters for the screw blind rivet joining process (2022)

Abstract The screw-blind riveting combines direct screwing with the blind riveting. The novel joining element can be integrated into every injection-molded component like a standard screw boss without significantly increasing the processing time. The screw-blind-rivet (SBR) consists of a screw boss connected to a substrate by a thin sleeve. The joining process of screw-blind-riveting can be divided into two phases. The first is the screw-in phase. The screw is secured into the SBR. The second phase is the forming phase. Further turning of the screw will cause the sleeve to buckle out and form an undercut. To qualify the connection element for industrial use, in addition to the strengths of the design, suitable connection parameters are required for the user. The independent parameters of the joining process are the contact pressure of the screw and the screwing-in speed. The rate is reduced to avoid damage and ensure a proper alignment. The speed after the headrest is an additional influencing parameter. The most influencing parameter for the undercut is the rotation angle after the initial screw placement as it affects the shape of the undercut. The larger the undercut is, the more stable the rivet. However, the larger the undercut is, the more deformations and material damage occur. Thus, the optimal angle for the forming depends on the material of the rivet. Consequently, the deformation angle must be selected depending on the material properties. For this, various materials were tested. The results show a well predictability of the optimum joining parameters by using the elongation at yield stress of the used material.
Design of multilayer antireflection coatings made from co-sputtered and low-refractive-index materials by genetic algorithm (2008)

Designs of multilayer antireflection coatings made from co-sputtered and low-refractive-index materials are optimized using a genetic algorithm. Co-sputtered and low-refractive-index materials allow the fine-tuning of refractive index, which is required to achieve optimum anti-reflection characteristics. The algorithm minimizes reflection over a wide range of wavelengths and incident angles, and includes material dispersion. Designs of antireflection coatings for silicon-based image sensors and solar cells, as well as triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells are presented, and are shown to have significant performance advantages over conventional coatings. Nano-porous low-refractive-index layers are found to comprise generally half of the layers in an optimized antireflection coating, which underscores the importance of nano-porous layers for high-performance broadband and omnidirectional antireflection coatings.
The Importance of Innovation for Productivity (2001)

Innovation is widely recognized as a key ingredient of productivity success. This article by Someshwar Rao, Ashfaq Ahmad, William Horsman, and Phaedra Kaptein-Russell of Industry Canada provides support for this view by finding a strong positive relationship between measures of fundamental innovation, labour productivity and GDP per capita across OECD countries. The authors paint a nuanced portrait of Canada's innovation performance. The existence of an innovation gap with the United States is evidenced by our lower R&D/GDP ratio and the lower rate of patenting by Canadians in the United States, although Canada, perhaps surprisingly, has a greater relative number of R&D personal in the total economy than does the United States. But the innovation gap with the United States appears to have narrowed in the 1990s, due to faster growth in this country in the number of patents by Canadians in the United States and in R&D expenditures relative to GDP.
THE LEACHING OF SODIUM CONTAINING GLASSES : ION EXCHANGE OR DIFFUSION OF MOLECULAR WATER ? (1982)

The corrosion of glass was studied using SIMS. The leaching of sodium ions bonded to non-bridqing oxygen atoms is governed by the diffusion of H2O. The sodium ions bonded to AlO4-groups undergo an ion exchange with H3O+ .
Targeting PI3KC2β impairs proliferation and survival in acute leukemia, brain tumours and neuroendocrine tumours. (2012)

Together, these data show that PI3KC2β contributes to proliferation and survival in AML, brain tumours and neuroendocrine tumours, and may represent a novel target in these malignancies.
Device and Technology Evolution for Si-Based RF Integrated Circuits (2005)

The relationships between device feature size and device performance figures of merit (FoMs) are more complex for radio frequency (RF) applications than for digital applications. Using the devices in the key circuit blocks for typical RF transceivers, we review and give trends for the FoMs that characterize active and passive RF devices. These FoMs include transit frequency at unity current gain f/sub T/, maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub MAX/ at unit power gain, noise, breakdown voltage, capacitor density, varactor and inductor quality, and the like. We use the specifications for wireless communications systems to show how different Si-based devices may achieve acceptable FoMs. We focus on Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), Si Bipolar CMOS, and Si bipolar devices, including SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors, RF devices, and integrated circuits (ICs). We analyze trends in the FoMs for Si-based RF devices and ICs and show how these trends relate to the technology nodes of the 2003 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. We also compare FoMs for the best reported performance of research devices and for the performance of devices manufactured in high volumes, typically more than 10 000 devices. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental or theoretical procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendation by any of the host institutions of the authors, nor does it imply that the equipment or materials are necessarily the best available for the intended purpose.
Immunochemical characterization of cross-reactivity of pneumococcal group 9 capsular polysaccharide types 9N, 9A, 9L, and 9V (1981)

The chemical composition and immunochemical characterization of the four cross-reactive pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides within group 9 (types 9N, 9A, 9L, and 9V) were investigated. Their serological reactions were studied by using unabsorbed antisera prepared by immunizing rabbits with pneumococci of each of the four group 9 capsular polysaccharide types. Type 9A antiserum showed the most extensive cross-reactions with the four group 9 polysaccharides. Absorption with type 9N, 9L, or 9V polysaccharide removed 63, 96, or 87%, respectively, of the heterologous antibodies from the type 9A antiserum. All four of the group 9 polysaccharides contained glucose, N-acetylmannosamine, and glucuronic acid. In addition, types 9N and 9L had N-acetylglucosamine, and types 9A, 9L, and 9V contained galactose. Reduction of the uronic acid residues of the type 9 polysaccharides removed most of their homologous and much of their heterologous reactivities, indicating an important role for the uronic acid component in their antigenicity. The four group 9 polysaccharide preparations had comparable molecular sizes and only traces of protein and nucleic acid. Further studies to evaluate the most protective type among the group 9 strains to be included in the current pneumococcal vaccine are discussed.
Curvature as a Guiding Field for Patterns in Thin Block Copolymer Films (2018)

Experimental data on thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers (BC)-free-standing BC membranes as well as supported BC films-strongly suggest that the local orientation of the BC patterns is coupled to the geometry in which the patterns are embedded. We analyze this phenomenon using general symmetry considerations and numerical self-consistent field studies of curved BC films in cylindrical geometry. The stability of the films against curvature-induced dewetting is also analyzed. In good agreement with experiments, we find that the BC cylinders tend to align along the direction of curvature at high curvatures. At low curvatures, we identify a transition from perpendicular to parallel alignment in supported films, which is absent in free-standing membranes. Hence both experiments and theory show that curvature can be used to manipulate and align BC patterns.
Flow Injection Mass Spectrometry (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Targeting vaccinia virus-expressed secretory beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin to the cell surface induces antibodies (1995)

We carried out experiments designed to study the effect of a protein's localization on its immunogenicity. A novel cell-surface protein was generated from a small, glycosylated secretory protein. The DNA sequence encoding the entire precursor of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta (beta hCG) subunit was fused in the correct reading frame to the DNA sequence encoding the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. This chimeric gene was introduced into the vaccinia virus genome to generate a recombinant virus. The recombinant virus, when used to infect animal cells, expressed a 135-amino-acid beta hCG subunit anchored in cellular membranes by the 48 carboxy-terminal amino acids of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. The immunogenicity of this recombinant virus with respect to its ability to generate anti-hCG antibodies was compared with that of a second recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the native secretory form of beta hCG. All animals immunized with the vaccinia virus expressing beta hCG on the cell surface elicited high titers of anti-hCG antibodies. Even after a single immunization with the recombinant vaccinia virus, the anti-hCG antibody titers persisted for a long period of time (more than 6 months). None of the animals immunized with vaccinia virus expressing the native secretory form of beta hCG showed any hCG-specific antibody response.
SYNTHESES AND PROPERTIES OF α- OR β-METHYL SUBSTITUTED BISDEHYDROAZA[14]-, AZA[16]-, AND AZA[18]ANNULENE (1985)

Abstract 14-Ethoxy-2,5,10-trimethyl-, 14-ethoxy-2-ethyl-5,10-dimethyl-6,8-bisdehydroaza[14]annulene, 2-ethoxy-3,6,11-trimethyl-, 2-ethoxy-6,11,16-trimethyl- 7,9-bisdehydroaza [16] annulene, and 18-ethoxy-2,7,12-trimethyl-8,10-bisdehydroaza[18]annulene were prepared. It was found that the molecular skeletons of these α- or β-methylated azaannulenes are less planar than those of α- or β-methyl unsubstituted ones.
Atom funnel for the production of a slow, high-density atomic beam (1990)

A new scheme has been developed that produces a slow atomic beam of high brightness with a narrow velocity distribution. The technique can provide long measurement times and high counting rates for future precision experiments. In our initial work, densities of ${10}^{8}$ Na atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ at a velocity of 270 cm/sec and at a temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}200 \ensuremath{\mu}K were obtained.
Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation: A Method for Assessment and Planning (1991)

Weaning patients from mechanical ventilator assistance is difficult and often requires the input of experts. Though researchers have identified numerous factors that impede weaning and continue to develop criteria to determine ability to wean, no single factor or set of criteria have yet emerged to guide clinicians. In an effort to design a tool that assists critical care nurses in forwarding the wean process, the authors developed a comprehensive, integrated, computerized ventilator weaning program that stimulates the thinking and care planning strategies of experts. The Burns Wean Assessment Program also teaches complex concepts and tracks the progress of the weaning patient.
On the Limitations of Force Tracking Control for Hydraulic Servosystems (1999)

This paper presents analysis of a particular force tracking control problem for rectilinear hydraulic actuators governed by a servovalve. It presents no new theory, but rather uses a revealing model reduction insight coupled with Classical analysis to explain a physical phenomenon. As such, this work is an attempt to explain why a seemingly innocuous problem is more subtle than initially believed. A motivation for this problem is given along with prior attempts at a simple solution. It is shown that simple controller solutions are quite adequate for other types of control objectives such as force regulation or position tracking. However, most simple solution methods are shown to be inadequate for force tracking due to fundamental limitations of the problem formulation. Due to an inherent feedback mechanism, the poles of the plant being forced by the hydraulic actuator become zeros of the open loop force transfer function. Therefore, more advanced control algorithms are shown to be a necessity rather than a luxury.
Ultrafast optical studies on graphene and graphene oxide (2013)

In this thesis, ultrafast optical properties of graphene and graphene oxide materials have been studied by use of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Carrier dynamics of monolayer graphene, stacked and suspended few-layer graphene films were measured in the broad visible spectral range by femtosecond pump/probe spectroscopy. The time scales of carrier-carrier scattering, carrier-optical phonon scattering and optical phonon-acoustic phonon scattering have been obtained and their roles in carrier relaxation process are distinguished. Meanwhile, there are several unusual quasiparticle interactions in graphene samples, including optical phonon emission and absorption, coherent phonon generation, interband triple-resonance electron-phonon scattering and stimulated two-phonon emission. On the other side, the broadband fluorescence from as-prepared graphene oxide in water has been investigated in detail. Ultrafast fluorescence (~1 ps) of graphene oxide was determined for the first time by femtosecond fluorescence upconversion technique. The origin of the fluorescence is attributed to electron-hole recombination from the bottom of the conduction band and nearby localized states to the valance band. Structurally, the GO emission is from the non-oxidized sp2 regions and the boundary of oxidized sp3 regions.
The Neurospora circadian clock-controlled gene, ccg-2, is allelic to eas and encodes a fungal hydrophobin required for formation of the conidial rodlet layer. (1992)

The Neurospora crassa clock-controlled gene (ccg-2) is transcriptionally activated by the circadian clock in a time-of-day-specific manner. Transcript and sequence analyses of ccg-2 reveal that the predicted Ccg-2 polypeptide bears significant similarity to a class of low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, hydrophobic proteins (hydrophobins), first identified in Schizophyllum, and including the product of the developmentally regulated Aspergillus gene, rodletless, required for spore surface rodlets. Allelism between ccg-2 and easily wettable (eas) (one of the first developmental genetic loci identified in Neurospora) was predicted on the basis of this similarity, their close genetic linkage, and previous findings demonstrating that eas mutants lack rodlets. In this study allelism is confirmed experimentally by showing that (1) transformation of an eas mutant strain with ccg-2 DNA results in phenotypic complementation, including restoration of surface rodlets, (2) inactivation of the ccg-2 gene, by RIP, results in an eas phenotype including loss of rodlet fascicles, and (3) the original eas strain has dramatically reduced levels of ccg-2 mRNA. Thus, the clock-controlled ccg-2 gene encodes an integral component of fungal asexual spores important for spore dispersal. The dramatic reduction of ccg-2 expression in the eas mutant has no apparent effect on the normal operation of the circadian clock, confirming that there is no feedback of this clock output on the oscillator itself. These data, in conjunction with the previous observation that ccg-2 is light induced, serve to focus attention on the dual interacting role of light and the circadian clock in the regulation of fungal spore development.
Detection of circulating tumor cells and micrometastases in Stage II, III, and IV breast cancer patients utilizing cytology and immunocytochemistry (2000)

Evaluation for circulating tumor cells and bone marrow micrometastases has generated considerable interest due to a potential association with disease recurrence and poor prognosis. In this study, we examined bone marrow and apheresis samples from Stage II, III, and IV patients (n 120) enrolled in various clinical breast cancer trials at the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. For each patient sample, two Diff-Quik-stained cytospins were reviewed for morphology, and approximately 1 x 10(6) cells were analyzed for the expression of cytokeratins using an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Keratin-positive malignant cells appearing as single cells or in small clusters were detected in bone marrow samples from Stage IV patients only (9/68, 13%) and detected in apheresis samples from both Stage III and IV patients (13/245, 5%). These findings indicate that the combination of cytomorphology with immunocytochemistry can be utilized for the investigation of circulating tumor cells and bone marrow micrometastases, and that positive results appear to correlate with high tumor stage/burden.
The IκB Kinase Is a Key Factor in Triggering Influenza A Virus-induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Airway Epithelial Cells (2005)

Influenza A viruses continue to represent a severe threat worldwide, causing large epidemics and pandemics responsible for thousands of deaths every year. Excessive inflammation due to overabundant production of proinflammatory cytokines by airway epithelial cells is considered an important factor in disease pathogenesis. Here we report that influenza A virus induced IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity in human airway epithelial A549 cells, resulting in persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a critical regulator of the inflammatory response. Although lung epithelial cells are highly sensitive to stimulation of the IKK/NF-kappaB pathway by influenza virus infection, NF-kappaB was not activated in several non-pulmonary cells permissive to the virus, indicating a cell-specific response. Moreover, NF-kappaB was not essential for virus replication but triggered the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in infected lung cells and was directly responsible for production of high levels of interleukin-8, a chemokine associated with influenza-induced inflammation and airway pathology. We also report that 9-deoxy-delta9,delta12-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin D2, a cyclopentenone prostanoid with therapeutic efficacy against influenza in preclinical studies, was a powerful inhibitor of influenza virus-induced IKK activity and interleukin-8 production by human pulmonary cells. The results identify IKK as an important factor in triggering influenza virus-induced inflammatory reactions in pulmonary epithelium, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of influenza.
Carrier multiplication yields in PbS and PbSe nanocrystals measured by transient photoluminescence (2008)

We report here an assessment of carrier multiplication (CM) yields in PbSe and PbS nanocrystals (NCs) by a quantitative analysis of biexciton and exciton dynamics in transient photoluminescence decays. Interest in CM, the generation of more than one electron and hole in a semiconductor after absorption of one photon, has renewed in recent years because of reports suggesting greatly increased efficiencies in nanocrystalline materials compared to the bulk form, in which CM was otherwise too weak to be of consequence in photovoltaic energy conversion devices. In our PbSe and PbS NC samples, however, we estimate using transient photoluminescence that at most 0.25 additional $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}h$ pairs are generated per photon, even at photon energies five times larger than the first exciton energy, instead of the much higher values reported in the literature. We argue by comparing NC CM estimates and reported bulk values on an absolute energy basis, which we justify as appropriate on physical grounds, that the data reported thus far are inconclusive with respect to the importance of nanoscale-specific phenomena in the CM process.
Robot Identification using Shape Features on an FPGA-Based Smart Camera (2014)

An FPGA based smart camera captures images of soccer robots, and processes them using stream processing to identify the individual robots. Three standard methods of distinguishing the robots based on shape features are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods discussed. Compactness and moment based measures give poor performance because of the sensitivity of the low resolution shapes to relatively small distortions. Normalised area gave the best results in this application.
New Approach to Technical and Clinical Evaluation of Devices for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (1988)

Despite the wide distribution of devices for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), there is no internationally accepted agreement on a standardized procedure for their evaluation. This is due to incomplete or even inappropriate technical evaluation and to inadequate evaluation criteria for their clinical acceptability. To provide adequate information on the performance of these devices over the whole clinically relevant range for SMBG (30-350 mg/dl), a standardized test procedure has been established for technical (accuracy, precision, and total deviation) and clinical (acceptance analysis) evaluation. To demonstrate the potency of this new approach, the following SMBG devices and test strips were evaluated: Chemstrip bG batch (n = 10), Glucostix batch (n = 2), Accu-Check II (n = 5), Diascan (n = 5), Diascan strip batch (n = 4), Glucocheck SC (n = 4), and Glucometer II (n = 4). The devices and test strips were examined by trained technicians, and in addition, 1 Chemstrip bG batch and 2 Accu-Check II meters were examined by 10 and 5 trained diabetic patients, respectively. Even the best-performing device did not achieve the American Diabetes Association's goal that SMBG measurements should be within 15% of the reference value. Instead, the maximal total deviation within the clinically relevant blood glucose range reached values that equalled deviations from the reference value between 16 and 108%. Three of 36 devices were classified as good, 29 as acceptable, and 4 as unacceptable for clinical use. In conclusion, this new approach to the technical and clinical evaluation of devices for SMBG is easy to perform and provides more realistic and comparable information for clinical use and approval than commonly used methods.