gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 50 V smart power process with dielectric isolation by SIMOX (1992)

A new process has been developed which provides dielectrically isolated power and low voltage devices by means of rather standard VLSI CMOS technology. Isolation is obtained by SIMOX and trenches. For Smart Power applications this process allows the manufacturing of 50 V vertical DMOS transistors (VDMOS) together with 50 V dielectrically isolated quasivertical DMOS transistors (QVDMOS). For control circuit design CMOS, high voltage PMOS transistors (HVPMOS), NPN transistors, JFETs, Zener and Schottky diodes are available on the same chip. Thus, the designer has at hand a wide range of devices which allows an optimum solution for many circuit applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Medical Control (1986)

MEDICAL control is a system of physician-directed quality assurance that provides professional and public accountability for medical care provided in the prehospital setting. In an emergency medical services (EMS) system, medical control provides the operational framework and authorization for paramedics and other physician extenders to provide emergency treatment outside the hospital.<sup>1</sup>1 Ultimate responsibility and authority for patient care remain with the physician.<sup>1-4</sup>Medical control and quality assurance are viewed by some as bureaucratic restrictions required to appease governmental officials and the public. However, quality assurance should be developed through clear delegation of authority and responsibility for the specific components of medical control to appropriate individuals. The National Research Councils' Subcommittee on Medical Control in EMS Systems defines three basic functions of medical control: (1) to ensure that field personnel have immediately available expert direction for emergency care, (2) to ensure continuing highquality field performance, and (3) to
The physical and mental impact of surviving sepsis – a qualitative study of experiences and perceptions among a Swedish sample (2021)

Sepsis has a huge impact on both physical and mental aspects of life. Many survivors suffer from persistent residual symptoms of varying degrees, to which they have to adapt. The sepsis survivors need individually adjusted information about the sepsis recovery trajectory, and what to expect during and after the hospital stay.
Cutting Edge: Programed Death (PD) Ligand-1/PD-1 Interaction Is Required for CD8+ T Cell Tolerance to Tissue Antigens (2006)

Constitutive presentation of tissue Ags by dendritic cells results in tolerance of autoreactive CD8+ T cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study we show that programmed death (PD)-1, an inhibitory receptor of the CD28 family, is required for tolerance induction of autoreactive CD8+ T cells. An antagonistic Ab against PD-1 provoked destructive autoimmune diabetes in RIP-mOVA mice expressing chicken OVA in the pancreatic islet cells, which received naive OVA-specific CD8+ OT-I cells. This effect was mediated by the PD ligand (PD-L) PD-L1 but not by PD-L2. An increased number of effector OT-I cells recovered from the pancreatic lymph nodes of anti-PD-L1-treated mice showed down-regulation of PD-1. Furthermore, the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction during the priming phase did not significantly affect OT-I cell division but enhanced its granzyme B, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 production. Thus, during the presentation of tissue Ags to CD8+ T cells, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction crucially controls the effector differentiation of autoreactive T cells to maintain self-tolerance.
Multipoint Interpolated DFT method for frequency estimation (2009)

The accuracy of the frequency estimation of a multifrequency signal component by Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform (IpDFT) method is affected by systematic errors. In a Weighted Multipoint Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform (WMIpDFT) method has been proposed in order to reduce these errors. This method uses only the rectangular and the 2-term maximum sidelobe decay windows. In this paper the results of the method proposed in are generalized for the maximum sidelobe decay windows with higher order than two, which are used to improve the performance by reducing the systematic errors. When the H-term maximum sidelobe decay window (H ges 2) is used and the number of interpolation points is (2J + 1), with 1 les J les H-1, the analytical formula to estimate the frequency is derived. Then, the performance of the obtained WMIpDFT method is analyzed by means of computer simulations.
Hybrid TDOA/AOA Indoor Positioning and Tracking Using Extended Kalman Filters (2006)

A hybrid time-difference-of-arrival / angle-of-arrival (TDOA/AOA) positioning technique for indoor ultra wideband (UWB) systems is presented in this paper. The non line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation error is considered one of the major error sources in location systems; therefore, NLOS identification and mitigation technique with Kalman filters are utilized to reduce the NLOS time-of-arrival (TOA) errors in indoor UWB environments. To deal with the effects of inaccurate NLOS AOA data, an AOA selection process is included. An adjustable extended Kalman filter (EKF) structure is used to process the formulated TDOA and selected AOA measurements for mobile positioning and tracking. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid scheme can effectively respond to the NLOS/LOS changes in the UWB environment, and improve the position accuracy.
Urban Patterns, population density and the cost of providing basic infrastructure: a frontier approach (2011)

This study estimates cost inefficiency when providing basic infrastructure within a
stochastic frontier analytical framework, and investigates the existence of decreasing
average costs resulting from economies of scale, associated with larger population and
number of dwellings per area, and economies of density, brought about by urban
sprawl reductions, to calculate optimal population densities. The methodology relies on
the assumption of a cost minimizing behavior on the part of public officials that is
characterized by way of a flexible translog cost function. We study in depth the water
sector including water supply as well as sewerage and cleansing of residual waters,
and considering data at the municipality level for the Spanish region of Castilla y Leon.
The results indicate that latent scale and density economies as well as relevant
inefficiency levels are present, and that they are result of a general suboptimal urban
size, in terms of population densities, and the negative effects of dispersed settlement
patterns.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Cumulene‐Containing Polymers via Two‐Step Dehalogenative Homocoupling of Dibromomethylene‐Functionalized Tribenzoazulene (2020)

Abstract Cumulene compounds are notoriously difficult to prepare and study because their reactivity increases dramatically with the increasing number of consecutive double bonds. In this respect, the emerging field of on‐surface synthesis provides exceptional opportunities because it relies on reactions on clean metal substrates under well‐controlled ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions. Here we report the on‐surface synthesis of a polymer linked by cumulene‐like bonds on a Au(111) surface via sequential thermally activated dehalogenative C−C coupling of a tribenzoazulene precursor equipped with two dibromomethylene groups. The structure and electronic properties of the resulting polymer with cumulene‐like pentagon–pentagon and heptagon–heptagon connections have been investigated by means of scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy methods and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory calculations. Our results provide perspectives for the on‐surface synthesis of cumulene‐containing compounds, as well as protocols relevant to the stepwise fabrication of carbon–carbon bonds on surfaces.
A case of osteonecrosis of the mandible caused by bisphosphonates (2007)

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used for the management of hypercalcemia related to malignancy and bone metastases from breast cancer in Japan. We report a case of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with a history of BPs therapy forthe management of bone metastases from breast cancer. A 69-year-old woman was referred to our department becaused of unhealed extraction sockets of the lower left premolar and first molar, which were removed at a dental clinic. CT scans of the mandible showed regions of mottled bone and sequestra, and a clinical diagnosis of ONJ was made. After conservative treatment with antibiotics and local minor curettage, the inflammatory symptoms almost completely disappeared. Dentists should be aware of this potentially serious complication in patients receiving long-term treatment with BPs.
Both Substrate Hydrolysis and Secondary Substrate Binding Determine Xylanase Mobility as Assessed by FRAP (2011)

Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are enzymes that can hydrolyze the xylan backbone internally. Therefore, they are important for biomass breakdown and they are also often added in various biotechnological applications. In this study, the relationship between their substrate binding affinity and hydrolysis, on the one hand, and their movement over natural substrates, on the other hand, was investigated. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments using different Bacillus subtilis xylanase A (XBS) mutants were conducted on water-unextractable wheat flour arabinoxylan (WU-AX) and insoluble oat spelt xylan (OSX). To assess the importance of substrate hydrolysis, FRAP of a catalytically inactive mutant was compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. For the wild-type enzyme, substrate binding and a complete recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching was observed on both substrates. For the inactive mutant, however, substrate binding but no fluorescence recovery was observed on WU-AX, while very slow recovery was observed on OSX. Furthermore, the importance of substrate binding to a secondary xylan binding site (SBS) for enzyme mobility was studied by testing two mutants with a modified SBS (N54W-N141Q and G56A-T183A-W185A) that showed different behavior on the tested substrates. On OSX, the two modified enzymes both showed higher mobility than the wild-type enzyme. On WU-AX, in contrast, the N54W-N141Q mutant displayed a lower mobility than the wild-type enzyme, while the G56A-T183A-W185A mutant showed higher mobility. The results clearly demonstrate that both substrate hydrolysis and substrate targeting are key factors for XBS mobility.
Biocompatibility of nickel-titanium shape memory metal and its corrosion behavior in human cell cultures (1997)

Nickel-titanium alloy (Nitinol) is a metallic biomaterial that has a unique thermal shape memory, superelasticity, and high damping properties. Nitinol is potentially very useful in orthopedic surgery, for example. At present, there are not enough confirmative biocompatibility data available on Nitinol. The aim of our study was to clarify the primary cytotoxicity and corrosion rate of Nitinol in human cell cultures. Comparisons were made with stainless steel (Stst), titanium (Ti), composite material (C), and control cultures with no test discs. Human osteoblasts (OB) and fibroblasts (FB) were incubated for 10 days with test discs of equal size, 6 x 7 mm. The cultures were photographed and the cells counted. Samples from culture media were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8, and the analysis of metals in the media was done using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The proliferation of FB was 108% (Nitinol), 134% (Ti) (p < 0.02), 107% (Stst), and 48% (C)(p < 0.0001) compared to the control cultures. The proliferation of OB was 101% (Nitinol), 100% (Ti), 105% (Stst), and 54% (C) (p < 0.025) compared to the controls. Initially, Nitinol released more nickel (129-87 micrograms/L) into the cell culture media than Stst (7 micrograms/L), but after 2 days the concentrations were about equal (23-5 micrograms/L versus 11-1 micrograms/L). The titanium concentrations from both Nitinol and Ti samples were all < 20 micrograms/L. We conclude that Nitinol has good in vitro biocompatibility with human osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Despite the higher initial nickel dissolution, Nitinol induced no toxic effects, decrease in cell proliferation, or inhibition on the growth of cells in contact with the metal surface.
Temporal characterization of attosecond pulses emitted from solid-density plasmas (2010)

The generation of high harmonics from solid-density plasmas promises the production of attosecond (as) pulses orders of magnitude brighter than those from conventional rare gas sources. However, while spatial and spectral emission of surface harmonics has been characterized in detail in many experiments proof that the harmonic emission is indeed phase locked and thus bunched in as-pulses has only been delivered recently (Nomura et al 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 124-8). In this paper, we discuss the experimental setup of our extreme ultraviolet (XUV) autocorrelation (AC) device in detail and show the first twophoton ionization and subsequent AC experiment using solid target harmonics. In addition, we describe a simple analytical model to estimate the chirp between the individual generated harmonics in the sub- and mildly relativistic regime and validate it using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Finally, we propose several methods applicable to surface harmonics to extend the temporal pulse characterization to higher photon energies and for the reconstruction of the spectral phase between the individual harmonics. The experiments described in this paper prove unambiguously that harmonic emission from solid-density plasmas indeed occurs as a train of sub-femtosecond pulses and thus fulfills the most important property for a next-generation as-pulse source of unprecedented brightness. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschan.
High-protein exposure during gestation - consequences on food preferences and health in adult rat offspring in self-selection models (2017)

International audience
A Boat Retold (2011)

On the isle of Lewis in the oUter Hebrides, artist and poet Ian Stephen, writer Robert NacFarlane and others tell stories in and around the wooden fishing boat, Broad Bay, retored and rigged as a traditional sgoth Niseach, as it sets sail for the remote Shiants archipelago. Following the boat on its eleven-hour voyage, we come to see it as a living story in itself - about island boats and boat bulders, memories, legends and sea-roads - through interviews, storytelling and music.
 The film deals with the renovation of a small Lewis fishing boat, Broad Bay, and its voyage to the Shiants in the summer of 2010. Digital HD footage of this voyage is cut together with interviews about memories and practices of traditional ship building on the Isle of Lewis
, and with sections of Super 8 to convey a sense of time and depth. Shot in Super8 and digital HD with original music by Stornoway resident Peter Urpeth and by the famous Gaelic singer Ishbel McAskill.
ROLE OF PAX-5 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA (2014)

Expression characteristics of transcription factor PAX-5 (paired box 5) are considered for different clinical variants of bronchial asthma (BA). Low levels of PAX-5 expression may be a reason for progression into a severe allergic asthma, whereas higher levels of PAX-5 expression may represent a significant factor leading to development of non-allergic bronchial asthma. Initiation of IgE production is supposed to be a less important PAX-5 function in BA pathogenesis, than prevention of B-cell-to-plasmocyte differentiation. Further investigations of PAX-5 properties and its co-operations with other transcription factors may provide a promising path in further research of BA pathogenesis.
Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Chang 7 Uranium-Enriched Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Ordos Basin and the Possible Reasons for its Formation (2014)

The Ordos basin Chang 7 hydrocarbon source rocks are the most important rock strata of premium oil source formed during the largest lake flood period of the terrestrial lacustrine. Our study found that the bottom of the rocks are rich in radioactive uranium. Element geochemical studies showed that the rocks are also rich in C, S, P, Cu, V, Mo and other pro-life elements but not rock-forming minerals-related lithophile elements Li, Zr, Sr, etc. Their uranium content has obvious positive correlation with phosphorus, sulfur, iron, organic carbon content, but not with major rock-forming elements. Petrography and scanning electron microscopy revealed the rocks are rich in pyrite, phosphate rock and striped organic matters. These features indicate that uranium enrichment and the presence of these minerals are closely related. The significantly positive correlation of the ratio of uranium to trace elements such as U/ (U+Ni) and U/Sc indicates that anoxic environment played an important role in uranium enrichment. Electron microprobe analysis found for the first time uranium ore and independent titanium-containing uranium minerals in phosphate rocks in the area. α radiation photography and sequential chemical extraction found that 50% of uranium present as independent uranium and its isomorphic minerals in the phosphate rocks, 20% is absorbed to pyrite and organic matter, and less than 10% is absorbed on clay minerals.
Improving Syntax-Driven Translation Models by Re-structuring Divergent and Nonisomorphic Parse Tree Structures. (2008)

Syntax-based approaches to statistical MT require syntax-aware methods for acquiring their underlying translation models from par-allel data. This acquisition process can be driven by syntactic trees for either the source or target language, or by trees on both sides. Work to date has demonstrated that using trees for both sides suffers from severe cov-erage problems. This is primarily due to the highly restrictive space of constituent segmen-tations that the trees on two sides introduce, which adversely affects the recall of the re-sulting translation models. Approaches that project from trees on one side, on the other hand, have higher levels of recall, but suf-fer from lower precision, due to the lack of syntactically-aware word alignments. In this paper we explore the issue of lexical coverage of the translation models learned in both of these scenarios. We specifically look at how the non-isomorphic nature of the parse trees for the two languages affects recall and cov-erage. We then propose a novel technique for restructuring target parse trees, that generates highly isomorphic target trees that preserve the syntactic boundaries of constituents that were aligned in the original parse trees. We evaluate the translation models learned from these restructured trees and show that they are significantly better than those learned using trees on both sides and trees on one side. 1
Variable step-size sign natural gradient algorithm for sequential blind source separation (2005)

A novel variable step-size sign natural gradient algorithm (VS-S-NGA) for online blind separation of independent sources is presented. A sign operator for the adaptation of the separation model is obtained from the derivation of a generalized dynamic separation model. A variable step size is also derived to better match the dynamics of the input signals and unmixing matrix. The proposed sign algorithm is appealing in practice due to its computational simplicity. Experimental results verify the superior convergence performance over conventional NGA in both stationary and nonstationary environments.
510 Prediction Model of Contact Wire Wear based on Commercial Lines Data (2010)

Although wear of contact wire has been one of the most serious problems in catenary system maintenance, wear mechanism of contact wire is not yet clear due to its complexity. The authors identified quantitative effect of a contact force of pantographs and an arc due to contact loss on the contact wire wear from the measurement data on commercial lines. Using this model, the wear of contact wire in the Shinkansen commercial line can be predicted. The predicted contact wire wear by this model agrees well with the measurement data. The prediction model of the contact wire wear can be utilized for the efficient maintenance of the overhead catenary system.
Oxanine DNA Glycosylase Activity from Mammalian Alkyladenine Glycosylase (2004)

Oxanine (Oxa) is a deaminated base lesion derived from guanine in which the N(1)-nitrogen is substituted by oxygen. This work reports the mutagenicity of oxanine as well as oxanine DNA glycosylase (ODG) activities in mammalian systems. Using human DNA polymerase beta, deoxyoxanosine triphosphate is only incorporated opposite cytosine (Cyt). When an oxanine base is in a DNA template, Cyt is efficiently incorporated opposite the template oxanine; however, adenine and thymine are also incorporated opposite Oxa with an efficiency approximately 80% of a Cyt/Oxa (C/O) base pair. Guanine is incorporated opposite Oxa with the least efficiency, 16% compared with cytosine. ODG activity was detected in several mammalian cell extracts. Among the known human DNA glycosylases tested, human alkyladenine glycosylase (AAG) shows ODG activity, whereas hOGG1, hNEIL1, or hNEIL2 did not. ODG activity was detected in spleen cell extracts of wild type age-matched mice, but little activity was observed in that of Aag knock-out mice, confirming that the ODG activity is intrinsic to AAG. Human AAG can excise Oxa from all four Oxa-containing double-stranded base pairs, Cyt/Oxa, Thy/Oxa, Ade/Oxa, and Gua/Oxa, with no preference to base pairing. Surprisingly, AAG can remove Oxa from single-stranded Oxa-containing DNA as well. Indeed, AAG can also remove 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine from single-stranded DNA. This study extends the deaminated base glycosylase activities of AAG to oxanine; thus, AAG is a mammalian enzyme that can act on all three purine deamination bases, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and oxanine.
Aesthetics of movement with sight disabled children - pilot study (2010)

CĂ­lem pilotnĂ­ studie bylo mapovĂĄnĂ­ zmÄn v estetickĂŠm provedenĂ­ pohybu osob se zrakovĂ˝mi vadami. VÄda nĂĄm k uvedenĂŠmu tĂŠmatu poskytuje nĂĄstroje pro zkvalitnÄnĂ­ metodologie zkoumĂĄnĂ­ i v oblasti hodnocenĂ­ pohybovĂŠ estetiky osob se zdravotnĂ­m postiĹženĂ­m. Pro zjiĹĄtÄnĂ­ jejĂ­ ĂşrovnÄ jsme pouĹžili testovou baterii, kterĂĄ mÄĹila estetiku pohybu v jejĂ­ch dĂ­lÄĂ­ch vybranĂ˝ch prvcĂ­ch, mezi nÄĹž nĂĄleĹžĂ­ napĹ. pĹesnost, rytmus, harmonie, plynulost a tempo. Klasifikaci estetiky pohybu jsme provedli pomocĂ­ pohybovĂ˝ch testĹŻ, kterĂŠ v podstatÄ reprezentovaly dĂ­lÄĂ­ prvky estetiky pohybu. JednotlivĂŠ testy jsme provĂĄdÄli s nevidomĂ˝mi a slabozrakĂ˝mi dÄtmi ve vÄku 6-15 let a s vÄkovÄ analogickou skupinou dÄtĂ­ vidĂ­cĂ­ch. ProstĹednictvĂ­m zadĂĄnĂ­ v testech jsme usilovali o zĂ­skĂĄnĂ­ obecnĂŠho ukazatele estetiky pohybu u handicapovanĂ˝ch dÄtĂ­. VĂ˝zkum jsme realizovali ve skupinÄ 145 zrakovÄ postiĹženĂ˝ch dÄtĂ­ ze ÄtyĹ vĂ˝chovnÄ-vzdÄlĂĄvacĂ­ch stĹedisek na ĂşzemĂ­ PolskĂŠ republiky a potĂŠ jsme vĂ˝slednĂŠ Ăşdaje komparovali s vĂ˝sledky zĂ­skanĂ˝mi u 310 dÄtĂ­ z bÄĹžnĂ˝ch zĂĄkladnĂ­ch ĹĄkol v Poznani (Polsko). VĂ˝zkumy potvrdily snĂ­Ĺženou ĂşroveĹ estetiky provĂĄdÄnĂ˝ch pohybĹŻ u dÄtĂ­ se zrakovĂ˝mi vadami, avĹĄak byly zjiĹĄtÄny tĂŠĹž vĂ˝raznÄ menĹĄĂ­ diference mezi slabozrakĂ˝mi a skupinou bez zrakovĂŠho postiĹženĂ­. VyĹĄĹĄĂ­ ĂşroveĹ estetiky pohybu projevujĂ­ dÄti starĹĄĂ­ch vÄkovĂ˝ch skupin nezĂĄvisle na pohlavĂ­. Nejdokonaleji vypÄstovanĂ˝m estetickĂ˝m atributem pohybu slabozrakĂ˝ch a nevidomĂ˝ch dÄtĂ­ je pĹesnost.
Pottery Dating from Thermoluminescence (1966)

For pottery sherds from an arid region, the ratio of natural thermoluminescence to thermoluminescence induced by a standard dose of radiation corresponds closely to the independently assessed archeologic age. Difficulties in age determination, because of variations among sherds, are reduced by averaging results for samples from the same time period.