gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Hu-Associated Paraneoplastic Encephalomyelitis/Sensory Neuronopathy A Clinical Study of 71 Patients (1992)

We studied 71 patients with "paraneoplastic" encephalomyelitis, sensory neuronopathy, or both associated with the presence of the anti-Hu antibody in their serum. Most (78%) had small-cell lung cancer. In 9 patients no tumor was detected. Fifty-two patients (73%) had signs and symptoms of multifocal involvement of the nervous system; in 28 (39%), 2 areas, and in 24 (34%), 3 or more areas were clinically affected. Sensory neuronopathy was present in 52 patients (74%), but in only 44 (62%) did it dominate the course of the disease. Other predominant findings were: motor neuron dysfunction (14 patients, 20%), limbic encephalopathy (14, 20%), cerebellar symptoms (11, 15%), brainstem encephalopathy (10, 14%), and autonomic nervous system dysfunction (7, 10%). The presence of the anti-Hu antibody prompted a search for the tumor in 60% of the patients; the tumor when found was usually small and remained localized until death, or was demonstrated only at autopsy. Treatment using steroids and plasmapheresis, immunosuppressants, or both, did not improve the paraneoplastic symptoms. Autonomic and respiratory failure, either of central origin or secondary to neuromuscular weakness, were the principal causes of death. Patients with rapidly developing sensory neuropathy or symptoms of encephalomyelitis should be studied for the presence of the anti-Hu antibody; if the antibody is found, the possibility of small-cell lung cancer should be investigated. If a tumor is not found in the initial search, one may become evident in several months.
Quantitation and Purification of Neurotrophic Molecules (1983)

Neurons are produced in excess during the early stages of development. Subsequently, differential and regionally specific regulation of their survival is an important mechanism for the formation of the final structure of the peripheral and central nervous systems (Cowan 1973; Hamburger 1977; Jacobson 1978). Embryologists had already provided evidence many decades ago that the extent of the survival of neurons is correlated with the size of their field of innervation (Shorey 1909; Detwiler 1920; Hamburger 1934). As experimental manipulation of the size of innervation fields markedly changed the extent of neuronal survival, it was suggested that survival is not genetically determined but rather regulated by epigenetic factors (Hamburger 1977). Subsequently, experimental evidence has accumulated indicating that nerve growth factor (NGF) acts as a trophic messenger between peripheral target tissues and innervating sympathetic and sensory neurons (Thoenen and Barde 1980; Schwab et al. 1982). The evidence for this assumption was based...
Cellular Membranes on Glass Lens Implants-Formed in Tissue Culture by Mouse Macrophages (1983)

Intraocular lens implants made of glass were exposed to a suspension of mouse macrophages in tissue culture for 48 and 96 hours. After 48 hours the macrophages had formed a dense cellular membrane on the glass surface and some of them had changed into fibroblast-like cells, epithelioid cells, and early stages of giant cells. After 96 hours a firm and continuous proteinaceous capsule had formed on the glass in the interspaces between the cells. The membranes on glass implants were more cellular and more firmly adherent than those seen on plastic implants under the same conditions.
Weak properties and robustness of t-Hill estimators (2016)

We describe a novel method of heavy tails estimation based on transformed score (t-score). Based on a new score moment method we derive the t-Hill estimator, which estimates the extreme value index of a distribution function with regularly varying tail. t-Hill estimator is distribution sensitive, thus it differs in e.g. Pareto and log-gamma case. Here, we study both forms of the estimator, i.e. t-Hill and t-lgHill. For both estimators we prove weak consistency in moving average settings as well as the asymptotic normality of t-lgHill estimator in iid setting. In cases of contamination with heavier tails than the tail of original sample, t-Hill outperforms several robust tail estimators, especially in small samples. A simulation study emphasizes the fact that the level of contamination is playing a crucial role. The larger the contamination, the better are the t-score moment estimates. The reason for this is the bounded t-score of heavy-tailed distributions (and, consequently, bounded influence functions of the estimators). We illustrate the developed methodology on a small sample data set of stake measurements from Guanaco glacier in Chile.
Efficient Preparation of Styrene Block Copolymer Anion Exchange Membranes via One-Step Friedel–Crafts Bromoalkylation with Alkenes (2019)

Introduction of a bromoalkyl group to aromatic polymers is widely applied for the preparation of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), as the tethered bromide moiety can be conveniently converted to various ionic groups. We recently reported a polymer modification method by Friedel–Crafts alkylation using bromoalkylated tertiary alcohols and triflic acid as a catalyst. Although the synthetic method allowed convenient control of the tether length of the ion group and the degree of functionalization by changing the structure and the molar ratio of the bromoalkylated tertiary alcohol, the reaction requires more than 1 equiv of acid catalyst relative to the alcohol because byproduct water reduces the reactivity of the acid catalyst. In this study, alkene substrates instead of tertiary alcohols were employed for the Friedel–Crafts bromoalkylation for efficient incorporation of bromoalkyl groups onto aromatic rings of polymers. Since the reaction does not produce water as a byproduct, a catalytic amount of acid (0.3 equiv) is sufficient for full conversion of the reaction. The polymer functionalization was easily scalable to 44 g in the laboratory. The AEMs prepared by the alkene route showed membrane properties comparable to those prepared by the tertiary alcohol route in terms of ion conductivity, water uptake, and chemical stability. Since the alkyl bromide functional group can be converted to a wide variety of quaternary ammonium bromides by simple nucleophilic reactions, the alkene process in this report can offer a more efficient method for the preparation of AEMs.
Live demonstration: Hierarchical Address-Event Routing architecture for reconfigurable large scale neuromorphic systems (2012)

Recent advances in neuromorphic engineering for brain-like computing and neural prostheses are converging towards realization of electronic synaptic arrays approaching the integration density and energy efficiency of the human brain. A major impediment in this development is the real-time synaptic routing in a large-scale spiking neuron architecture. Here we present a hierarchical address-event routing (HiAER) communication architecture for routing neural events in a scaleable reconfigurable large-scale neuromorphic system. The neural events are routed in real-time through synaptic connections with configurable parameters governing connectivity, synaptic strength, and axonal delay. The HiAER architecture is implemented on a hardware platform with five Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA cores.
Changes in the body composition of cats during weight reduction by controlled dietary energy restriction (1996)

Thirteen overweight domestic short-haired cats were fed a commercial low calorie diet for 18 weeks at an energy intake to lose weight; they lost an average of 18.1 per cent of their starting weight. An evaluation of their body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after the study suggested that most of the weight lost was composed of fat. The cats' lean bodyweight did not change significantly, but increased as a proportion of total bodyweight.
Методичні рекомендації ESPEN щодо клінічного харчування у відділенні інтенсивної терапії (2019)

Згідно з новими стандартними операційними процедурами ESPEN були оновлені попередні рекомендації щодо забезпечення найкращого медичного нутритивного забезпечення для критично хворих пацієнтів. Дані рекомендації визначають, хто є пацієнтами в групі ризику, як оцінити нутритивний статус пацієнта ВІТ, як визначити кількість енергії, яку необхідно забезпечити, який обрати шлях для нутритивного забезпечення та як адаптувати пацієнта у відповідності до різних клінічних умов. Також описано, коли слід розпочати і як просуватися в управлінні процесом адекватного забезпечення поживними речовинами. Запропоновано найкраще визначення кількості та походження вуглеводів, жирів і білків. Особлива увага приділяється глутаміну і омега-3 жирним кислотам. Обговорюються конкретні стани, що часто спостерігаються в інтенсивній терапії, такі як пацієнти з дисфагією, виснажені пацієнти, пацієнти з множинними травмами, абдомінальна хірургія, сепсис і ожиріння, з метою ознайомлення практикуючого лікаря з найкращою доказовою терапією. Моніторинг цієї нутритивної терапії обговорюється в окремому документі.
Metastatic potential of human colorectal carcinomas implanted into nude mice: prediction of clinical outcome in patients operated upon for cure. (1989)

To determine whether the production of experimental hepatic metastases in athymic nude mice by human colorectal carcinomas (HCC) correlated with the clinical outcome in patients, we harvested colorectal carcinomas from 82 patients, dissociated the tumors with collagenase and DNase, and injected them into groups of nude mice, either in the flank to assess experimental tumorigenicity or into the spleen to produce experimental metastasis in the liver. Growth in mice was then associated with clinicopathological factors and clinical outcome. Growth of HCC in either the flanks or the livers of nude mice was associated with the time to recurrence in a Wilcoxon analysis. Analysis of the outcome data in a Cox proportional hazards model suggested that there was an interaction between tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of HCC in nude mice and serum CEA concentration in the patient and stage of disease. A univariate analysis indicated that both tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of HCC in nude mice were significantly associated with the serum CEA concentration of the patient but not with the other variables of stage of disease, mucin production, local tissue invasion, state of differentiation, or sex. A subset of 57 patients was operated upon for cure and followed prospectively for up to 61 months. Tumorigenicity and, to a lesser extent, experimental metastatic potential were associated with disease recurrence in 23 of these patients. Seventy-eight % of the subset of patients who were operated upon for cure developed liver metastasis as one site of their progressive disease. Thus, the ability of HCC cells isolated from surgical specimens to grow in athymic nude mice correlates with the development of advanced disease in patients.
Impact of sarcoglycan complex on mechanical signal transduction in murine skeletal muscle (2005)

Loss of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) or a subset of its components can lead to muscular dystrophy. However, the patterns of symptoms differ depending on which proteins are affected. Absence of dystrophin leads to loss of the entire DGC and is associated with susceptibility to contractile injury. In contrast, muscles lacking gamma-sarcoglycan (gamma-SG) display little mechanical fragility and still develop severe pathology. Animals lacking dystrophin or gamma-SG were used to identify DGC components critical for sensing dynamic mechanical load. Extensor digitorum longus muscles from 7-wk-old normal (C57), dystrophin- null (mdx), and gamma-SG-null (gsg(-/-)) mice were subjected to a series of eccentric contractions, after which ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels were determined. At rest, both dystrophic strains had significantly higher ERK1 phosphorylation, and gsg(-/-) muscle also had heightened ERK2 phosphorylation compared with wild-type controls. Eccentric contractions produced a significant and transient increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in normal muscle, whereas the mdx strain displayed no significant proportional change of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after eccentric contraction. Muscles from gsg(-/-) mice had no significant increase in ERK1 phosphorylation; however, ERK2 phosphorylation was more robust than in C57 controls. The reduction in mechanically induced ERK1 phosphorylation in gsg(-/-) muscle was not dependent on age or severity of phenotype, because muscle from both young and old (age 20 wk) animals exhibited a reduced response. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that gamma-SG was phosphorylated in normal muscle after eccentric contractions, indicating that members of the DGC are modified in response to mechanical perturbation. This study provides evidence that the SGs are involved in the transduction of mechanical information in skeletal muscle, potentially unique from the entire DGC.
Evaluation of a training and diagnostic ultrasound service for general practitioners using narrowband ISDN (1999)

We carried out a four-month pilot study of telemedicine for the delivery of training and diagnostic ultrasound services for general practitioners (GPs). Two health centres and a district general hospital were linked using ISDN (128 kbit/s) and PC-based videoconferencing units. Sixteen videoconferencing sessions were conducted, with 64 patients scanned over the ISDN link for a range of clinical conditions. Nine cases of pathology were demonstrated and confirmed by a consultant radiologist. A total of 229 images were transmitted using the store-and-forward facility, of which 194 (85%) images were of diagnostic quality and 35 (15%) were regarded as non-diagnostic. Allowing for sampling error, we would expect 79-89% of stored images to provide diagnostic information at a 95% confidence level. A total of 115 store-and-forward images (SAFI) were randomly selected and compared with hard-copy images (HCI) for technical quality. There was a significant difference in the quality of images. The results show that SAFI are far superior to HCI, traditionally used by clinicians for making primary diagnosis and that the superior quality of the SAFI improved diagnostic accuracy. This pilot study showed a high degree of confidence in videoconferencing for training GPs to carry out ultrasound clinics, enhancing their ability to make accurate diagnoses, and providing them with immediate access the second and higher opinion.
Multi-objective generation and transmission expansion planning: An economic and technical viewpoint (2023)

This study considers the problem of generation expansion planning and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) from the profit point of view of generation and transmission companies. A new framework is proposed, that considers real power loss and voltage stability in the GTEP formulation. The whale optimization algorithm is intended to solve the given multi-objective formulation, and the proposed formulation’s efficiency is demonstrated on an IEEE 39-bus test system. The simulation results prove that the suggested optimization technique gives improved results in terms of higher benefits for generation and transmission companies, lower power loss, and higher voltage stability.
IgG1 Induction Factor (1987)

The IgG1 induction factor elevates the IgG1 response and reduces the IgG2b and IgG3 response in LPS-stimulated spleen cells. The factor is a lymphokine produced by T cells. The precursor frequency for cells secreting the IgG1 induction factor is at least tenfold lower as compared to those secreting interleukin 2. Some biochemical properties of the lymphokine are listed. The effects of gamma interferon in B cell-stimulated cultures are shown. Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for the IgG1 induction factor has been achieved and results of these studies are reviewed. Evidence is given that this lymphokine is the same as B cell stimulating factor 1, and we propose that it be renamed interleukin 4. Finally, the possible mechanisms of interleukin 4 are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 31. Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Catalyzed by (2R,4R)‐MCCPM‐Rhodium Complex. (1989)

Abstract The chiral diphosphines (2S,4S)‐(I), derived from proline, are employed as ligands in the asymmetric hydrogenation of the amino ketone (II), yielding the (S)‐phenylephrine (S)‐(III).
Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Chinese Elite Wheat Lines (2020)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. To decipher the genetic architecture of FHB resistance in Chinese germplasm, a Wheat Association Panel for Scab Research (WAPS) consisting of 240 leading Chinese wheat cultivars and elite lines was genotyped using the 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. The FHB response was evaluated in the field nurseries in Wuhan in Hubei Province over four consecutive years from 2014 to 2017. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) were consistently identified on chromosome arms 1AS, 2DL, 5AS, 5AL, and 7DS using a mixed linear model (MLM), explaining 5.6, 10.3, 5.7, 5.4, and 5.6% of phenotypic variation, respectively. The QTL on 5AS, 5AL, and 7DS QTL are probably novel. The allelic frequency analysis indicated that cultivars from the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Valleys harbored more favorable alleles and were therefore more resistant than those from other regions. To facilitate in-house germplasm screening and marker-assisted selection (MAS), SNP-derived PCR markers were developed for the QTL regions on 1AS, 5AS, and 5AL QTL. In addition to the above five QTL, the WAPS population had a very low frequency of <i>Fhb1</i>, confirming that the gene is not widely used in Chinese wheat breeding programs. The resistant lines and molecular markers developed in this study are resources and information for enhancing FHB resistance in breeding populations by marker-assisted recurrent selection and gene stacking.
Effects of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and Cataflam (potassium diclofenac) on some biochemical parameters in rats. (1999)

The effects of graded doses of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and cataflam (potassium diclofenac) on serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, 5'Nucleotidase, methaemoglobin, total and conjaged bilirubin were investigated in wistar rats. Results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of alanine animotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, methaemoglobin, total and conjugated bilirubin upon treatment of animals with both drugs. Aspirin significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.00) the activity of alkaline phsophatase but increased the activity of 5'ucleotidase while cataflam significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001) and 5'nucletodase (P < 0.05). These effects were however dose dependent and the biochemical implications of these results are discussed.
Research on the monitoring system of the grain quantity based on the CAN-bus (2010)

In order to measure the grain quantity in the barn, the pressure sensors are mounted on the ground and the wall, the quantity can be calculated by using these sensors' value. The principle of measurement method is given firstly, then the monitoring system based on the CAN-bus is put forward, and the circuit structure of the communication interface, relay and the data sampling node are designed. To verify the effectivity and the reliability of monitoring system, some experiments are done, the results shown that, the measurement error is no more than 3% under the conspicuous level is equal to 0.05, the grain quantity can be measure by this system completely.
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF LEJA AND CLENSHAW-CURTIS COLLOCATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS WITH RANDOM INPUT DATA (2018)

We consider the problem of quantifying uncertainty regarding the output of an electromagnetic field problem in the presence of a large number of uncertain input parameters. In order to reduce the growth in complexity with the number of dimensions, we employ a dimension-adaptive stochastic collocation method based on nested univariate nodes. We examine the accuracy and performance of collocation schemes based on Clenshaw-Curtis and Leja rules, for the cases of uniform and bounded, non-uniform random inputs, respectively. Based on numerical experiments with an academic electromagnetic field model, we compare the two rules in both the univariate and multivariate case and for both quadrature and interpolation purposes. Results for a real-world electromagnetic field application featuring high-dimensional input uncertainty are also presented.
Molecular identification of functional water channel protein in cultured human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (2000)

The presence of AQP1 in human NPE cells suggests that it may have a role in the fluid flow across epithelial membranes. In addition, the existence of AQP1 in the human NPE cells provide an excellent in vivo model to study the regulation of aquaporins and their possible role in the aqueous humor secretion.
Enhancing integrity of modbus TCP through covert channels (2017)

CPS-enabled systems form the underlying support infrastructure that impact the efficient delivery of critical goods and services in our modern society. Failure to adequately protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of our critical infrastructure systems, like transportation, delivery of energy and water, and healthcare, could introduce vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. CPS networks originated from a number of proprietary protocols, built to operate without connections that extended beyond the plant walls. This “security through obscurity” approach did not reveal widespread security risks until these systems were interconnected with other information technology systems, including vulnerable business operations networks. The characteristics of the communications protocols used in operational technology systems, like Modbus, present a number of barriers to adopting security enhancements. When these systems are exploited, which can be easily demonstrated on a Modbus system, the impact of security failures can be severe. Covert channels have the potential to create an out-of-band communication path that would enable some level of integrity checking between devices. The Modbus Covert Channel Integrity Check is a proposed concept that would demonstrate the use of covert channels as a method of secure communication that would prevent a number of attacks, including man-in-the-middle.
A computationally fast algorithm for local contact shape and pose classification using a tactile array sensor (2012)

This paper proposes a new computationally fast algorithm for classifying the primitive shape and pose of the local contact area in real-time using a tactile array sensor attached on a robotic fingertip. The proposed approach abstracts the lower structural property of the tactile image by analyzing the covariance between pressure values and their locations on the sensor and identifies three orthogonal principal axes of the pressure distribution. Classifying contact shapes based on the principal axes allows the results to be invariant to the rotation of the contact shape. A naïve Bayes classifier is implemented to classify the shape and pose of the local contact shapes. Using an off-shelf low resolution tactile array sensor which comprises of 5×9 pressure elements, an overall accuracy of 97.5% has been achieved in classifying six primitive contact shapes. The proposed method is very computational efficient (total classifying time for a local contact shape = 576μs (1736 Hz)). The test results demonstrate that the proposed method is practical to be implemented on robotic hands equipped with tactile array sensors for conducting manipulation tasks where real-time classification is essential.