gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic understanding in advanced genitourinary cancer and its association with clinical characteristics. (2020)

665 Background: Despite promotion of a shared decision-making model of care in oncology, studies suggest that many patients with advanced cancer still possess inaccurate perceptions of their prognosis. Such inaccuracies can influence treatment choices, patient satisfaction and care planning. Novel immunotherapies and targeted treatments, which can yield exceptional responses in a small proportion of patients, are making the difficult task of discussing prognosis with patients even more challenging. We sought to identify clinical factors associated with expectations of cure. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among patients diagnosed with incurable genitourinary cancers. Patients’ expectations of cure were assessed based on 4 quartiles: (1) cure is very likely and is in the range of 76 to 100% certainty, (2) cure is likely and is in the range of 51 to 75% certainty, (3) cure is possible but not likely and is in the range of 26 to 50% certainty, and (4) cure is not at all likely and is in the range of 0 to 25% certainty. Linear regression was used to identify clinical factors associated with such expectations. Results: A total of 145 patients were enrolled in the study from July 2017 to September 2019. Most patients were male (76%), white (70%), married (81%) and well-educated (76%). Patients were diagnosed with advanced kidney (66%), bladder (20%) or prostate (14%) cancers. A high proportion of patients (73%) were receiving first or second line (1L/2L) therapy; predominantly immunotherapy (53%) and targeted therapy (24%). Overall, 47% had an inaccurate expectation of cure (in the range of 26 to 100%). Inaccurate expectations of cure were associated with older age (P=0.04) and were also more likely to be reported among patients receiving 1L/2L compared to those receiving later courses of therapy (P=0.009). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the high proportion of patients harboring inaccurate perceptions regarding prognosis, more pronounced with older age and within the first two lines of therapy for metastatic disease. These groups may be ideal target populations for more extensive counseling around prognosis.
Ultrafeinstaub in Innenräumen – ein kritischer Ein- und Überblick (Teil I)/Ultrafine particles in indoor air – a critical review and overview (Part I) (2023)

Für diesen zweiteiligen Beitrag mit 199 Zitaten wurde eine große Anzahl an Publikationen über Ultrafeinstaub (UFP) in Innenräumen gesichtet. Dabei wurden nur private Wohnungen berücksichtigt. Die in den Publikationen enthaltenen Informationen werden nach unterschiedlichen Aspekten sortiert präsentiert. Im ersten Teil werden Ursachen der Innenraumbelastung durch Beiträge der Außenluft sowie von Innenraumquellen vorgestellt. Hinsichtlich der dazu durchgeführten Untersuchungen wird in separaten Kapiteln zwischen Prüfkammerexperimenten und Messungen in realen Wohnungen unterschieden. In einem weiteren Kapitel wird die Datenlage zur UFP-Belastungssituation in Wohnungen zusammengestellt, die auf in verschiedenen Regionen der Welt durchgeführten Untersuchungen basiert. In zwei vorangestellten Kapiteln wird zur besseren Einordnung der publizierten Messergebnisse auf die Abgrenzung und nicht einheitliche Verwendung der UFP-Größenbereiche eingegangen und Anmerkungen zur UFP-Messtechnik gemacht. In Teil 2 dieses Beitrags wird die chemische Charakterisierung von UFP behandelt. Zudem wird auf Möglichkeiten der Vermeidung und Minderung der UFP-Belastung in Innenräumen eingegangen und es werden die Auswirkungen von UFP auf die menschliche Gesundheit erörtert.
Problems Associated With the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM): ABSTRACT (1994)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Relaxation of a radiation-damaged layer formed during ion-beam milling of CdHgTe solid solutions (2013)

We have studied the relaxation of electrical properties in radiation-damaged layers formed during ion-beam milling (IBM) of cadmium mercury telluride (CdHgTe) solid solutions. It is established that the initial concentration of donor centers formed due to radiation-induced defects and the dynamics of their decomposition in the course of aging (relaxation) are determined by the composition of the solid solution. The mobility of charge carriers in radiation-damaged CdHgTe layers upon relaxation also depends on the solid solution composition.
An air-bearing displacement sensor for nanometrology of surface forms (2012)

This paper presents the experimental investigations for performance evaluation of an air-bearing displacement sensor as a measurement system for nanometrology of surface forms by using it. The experimental configuration and some considerations for the air-bearing displacement sensor are described. Then, in order to identify the basic performance of the sensor, a measuring force and displacement output of the sensor are evaluated on a vibration isolated table. The sensor is also mounted on a diamond turning machine to evaluate the surface form of micro structures. A roll workpiece with Ni-P plating surface, on which micro-lens array are fabricated by using a FS-FTS (Force sensor fast tool servo) on the machine tool, is employed as a specimen for measurement.
Nerve growth factor receptor‐immunoreactive neurons within the developing human cortex (1992)

A monoclonal antibody recognizing the p75 receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF) was used to assess the immunohistochemical expression of NGF receptors within the developing human neo-, limbic, and paralimbic cortices as well as the hippocampal complex. Between embryonic weeks 16 and 26, a transient population of neurons located within the upper and lower subplate zones of the neo-, limbic, and paralimbic cortices expressed the receptor for NGF. In contrast, NGF receptor-immunoreactive neurons were only observed in the upper subplate zone of the entorhinal cortex at embryonic week 40 (term), a staining pattern not observed in a 5-year-old specimen. The expression of NGF receptor-immunoreactive neurons within the upper subplate zone between embryonic weeks 16 and 40 was characterized by a dense band of immunoreactive neurons and neuropil. These neurons were bipolar with basal and apically directed neurites. NGF receptor-immunoreactive neurons were also scattered throughout the lower subplate zone and underlying white matter between embryonic weeks 19 and 26. These neurons were multipolar, with less apically directed neurites. NGF receptor-immunoreactive subplate neurons displayed a topographic distribution with the heaviest concentration found within limbic and paralimbic cortices as well as association neocortex. In contrast, light to moderate NGF receptor-immunoreactivity was seen in sensory-motor cortex. Within the hippocampal complex, only a few lightly stained NGF receptor-immunoreactive neurons were seen within the fimbria, hilar region of the dentate gyrus, and subiculum. The expression of NGF receptor-immunoreactivity increased within the subplate zone of the pre- and parasubiculum culminating in intense entorhinal cortex staining. As the entorhinal cortex merged with the developing inferior temporal association cortex, there was a marked reduction in staining intensity. In contrast to those in the subplate zone, neurons within the germinal zone and cortical plate were NGF receptor immunonegative at all times examined. The presence of NGF receptors in the subplate zone suggests that neurotrophins such as NGF play an important role in the transient viability of these neurons as well as in the guidance of cortical afferent inputs into topographically organized regions of the cerebral cortex.
Near fundamental mode 11 kW Yb:YAG thin-disk laser (2013)

We report on a Yb:YAG thin-disk laser with 1.1 kW output power and beam quality factor M²<1.4 using a simple stable resonator comprising just a single cavity mirror and a single thin disk, without the use of any aspherical elements or any adaptive optics. An optical-to-optical efficiency of 40% was obtained. The cavity was designed to give good beam quality and low misalignment sensitivity to maintain stable and robust laser operation throughout the changes in the thin-disk curvature. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an output power beyond 1 kW has been achieved from a single thin-disk laser in near fundamental mode operation (M²<1.4).
The differential effect of inspiratory, expiratory and combined resistive loading on healthy rat lung (2015)

Combined inspiratory and expiratory resistive breathing (CRB) is the landmark of obstructive airway disease. Inspiratory loading and CRB via tracheal banding are known to induce acute lung injury in previously healthy animals. The role of expiratory resistance remains unknown.Aim: To elucidate the differential effect of inspiratory, expiratory and combined resistive loading on healthy rat lung mechanics and inflammatory status and establish the lowest loads required to induce injury.Anesthetized tracheostomized wistar rats breathed through a two-way valve. A resistance was connected to the inspiratory, expiratory or both ports, so that measured peak inspiratory pressure was modulated to (IRB) 20-40% of maximum or peak expiratory to (ERB) 30-70%. Combined resistive breathing was studied in inspiratory/expiratory pressures of 30%/50%, 40%/50% and 40%/60% of maximum. Quietly breathing animals served as controls. At six hours, respiratory system mechanics were measured and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for cell and protein concentration counting. Both IRB and CRB increased tissue elasticity, BAL total cell, macrophage and neutrophil counts and protein content in a dose dependent manner. IRB 30% and CRB 40%/50% were identified as the lowest loads able to induce significant mechanical distortion and lung inflammation. ERB failed to induce significant changes, with the exception of BAL fluid neutrophilia. IRB and CRB, above 30% and 40%/50% respectively, dose-dependently derange mechanics, increase permeability and induce inflammation in healthy rats. ERB is a putative per se inflammatory stimulus for the lung.
Impurity effects on adhesion (1993)

We report a first-principles calculation of impurity effects on adhesion. C, O, B, and S impurities all cause a pronounced decrease in the adhesive energies of the Mo/${\mathrm{MoSi}}_{2}$(001) heterophase interface. S decreases the peak interfacial strength, while C, O, and B increase it. All impurities increase interfacial spacing in proportion to their covalent radii. Impurity mechanisms are identified.
Molecular dynamic simulations, {sup 6}Li solid state NMR and ultraphosphate glasses (2000)

The author's laboratory continues to use NMR to investigate the structure and dynamics in amorphous materials, including the local structure of ultraphosphate glasses. Changes in the alkali environment in these phosphate glasses as a function of modifier concentration has recently been probed using {sup 6}Li and {sup 23}Na solid state NMR. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have also been performed in an attempt to gain additional insight into the variations of the local structure. Interestingly, although there are distinct variations in the Li coordination number as well as the Li-O bond lengths in the MD simulations (with a minimum or maximum in these parameters near the 20% Li{sub 2}O concentration), a linear change in the {sup 6}Li NMR chemical shift is observed between 5 and 50% Li{sub 2}O mole fraction. One would expect that such variations should be observable in the NMR chemical shift. In an attempt to understand this behavior the author has performed empirical calculation of the {sup 6}Li NMR chemical shift directly from the structures obtained in the MD simulations. It has been argued that the NMR chemical shift of alkali species can be related to a chemical shift parameter A, where A is defined as the summation of the shift contributions for all the oxygens located within the first (and possibly the second) coordination sphere around the cation. For the present case of Li phosphate glasses, the chemical shift correlates directly to the bond valence of the coordinating oxygen.
Light–Matter Coupling Strength Controlled by the Orientation of Organic Crystals in Plasmonic Cavities (2020)

Strong light–matter coupling is a powerful mechanism to engineer materials properties and a platform to study polariton physics. Excitons in organic crystals are interesting candidates for the investigation of light–matter coupling due to the large magnitude and well-defined orientation of their transition dipole moments. We demonstrate the coupling of excitons in tetracene crystals to optical modes in open cavities formed by anisotropic arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles and investigate the coupling strength as a function of the alignment of the exciton dipole moment to the cavity field. The anisotropy of the cavity and the crystal provides a practical method to tune the light–matter coupling strength from weak to the onset of the strong coupling regime, by rotating the crystal with respect to the plasmonic array. The possibility to control the coupling within a single excitonic material, paves the way to study the effects of the coupling strength on polariton physics, such as exciton-polariton dynamics, transport, or condensation.
Sensor Network Localization Using Sensor Perturbation (2009)

Sensor network localization is an instance of the NP-HARD graph realization problem. Thus, methods used in practice are not guaranteed to find the correct localization, even if it is uniquely determined by the input distances. In this paper, we show the following: if the sensors are allowed to wiggle, giving us perturbed distance data, we can apply a novel algorithm to realize arbitrary generically globally rigid (GGR) graphs (or maximal vertex subsets in non-GGR graphs whose relative positions are fixed). And this algorithm works in any dimension. In the language of structural rigidity theory, our approach corresponds to calculating the approximate kernel of a generic stress matrix for the given graph and distance data. To make our algorithm suitable for real-world application, we present techniques for improving the robustness of the algorithm under noisy measurements, and a strategy for reducing the required number of measurements.
Non‐symmetric bent‐core mesogens with one terminal vinyl group (2005)

Two series of non‐symmetric banana‐shaped compounds, both with one alkyl and one alkenyl terminal tail, have been synthesized and studied. Both series were compared with the corresponding series with two saturated terminal alkyl tails. All the compounds have a bent central 1,3‐phenylene bis(4‐benzoyloxy)benzoate core; their mesophases were characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction and switching current response experiments. In all four series one of the terminal tails is varied from OC8H17 to OC16H33. The other terminal tails are OC11H23, O(CH2)9CH = CH2, OC10H21 and O(CH2)8CH = CH2. The short‐tailed compounds show monotropic or enantiotropic B1 phases and the long‐tailed compounds the B2 phase. The introduction of one terminal vinyl group slightly lowers the transition temperatures. The introduction of a second terminal vinyl group further suppresses the liquid crystalline properties. All compounds with B2 phases have layer spacings that suggest a tilt of ∼45° of the bent molecules in the layers, and their switching behaviour is antiferroelectric.
Oxidative stability ofOpuntia ficus-indicaseeds oil blending withMoringa oleiferaseeds oil☆ (2020)

Enhancement of the oxidative stability of cactus seeds oil by blending with moringa seeds oil was investigated during storage period for four weeks at 50 °C. Blends (25, 50 and 75%) of moringa seeds oil with cactus seeds oil were prepared. Fatty acids composition, induction period, peroxide value, specific extinction coefficients (K232 and K270) and tocopherols were studied. Blending moringa seeds oil with cactus seeds oil at 25:75% increases the induction period to 4.06 h while it was 3.16 h in 100% cactus seeds oil. Peroxide values decreased due to increase moringa seeds oil amount in blends. Also, adding moringa seeds oil to cactus seeds oil caused a decrease in K232 and K270 values during the storage period in comparison with 100% cactus seeds oil. α-tocopherol values decreased during storage for all oil blends, while the content of γ-tocopherol in all samples (except moringa seeds oil) increased during storage period reaching the highest level after the third week then it started to decrease. Therefore, the obtained results provided a potential approach to utilize moringa oil to increase the oxidative stability of edible oils.
Neural and Neuromimetic Perception: A Comparative Study of Gender Classification from Human Gait (2020)

Humans are adept at perceiving biological motion for purposes such as the discrimination of gender. Observers classify the gender of a walker at significantly above chance levels from a point-light distribution of joint trajectories. However, performance drops to chance level or below for vertically inverted stimuli, a phenomenon known as the inversion effect. This lack of robustness may reflect either a generic learning mechanism that has been exposed to insufficient instances of inverted stimuli or the activation of specialized mechanisms that are pre-tuned to upright stimuli. To address this issue, the authors compare the psychophysical performance of humans with the computational performance of neuromimetic machine-learning models in the classification of gender from gait by using the same biological motion stimulus set. Experimental results demonstrate significant similarities, which include those in the predominance of kinematic motion cues over structural cues in classification accuracy. Second, learning is expressed in the presence of the inversion effect in the models as in humans, suggesting that humans may use generic learning systems in the perception of biological motion in this task. Finally, modifications are applied to the model based on human perception, which mitigates the inversion effect and improves performance accuracy. The study proposes a paradigm for the investigation of human gender perception from gait and makes use of perceptual characteristics to develop a robust artificial gait classifier for potential applications such as clinical movement analysis.
Joint equalisation and interference suppression in OFDM systems (2003)

Joint equalisation and narrowband interference suppression in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are considered. Since the conventional zero-forcing receiver does not operate satisfactorily in interference-limited environments, the potential of the MMSE receiver is investigated, and the advantage gained by exploiting the redundancy contained in the cyclic prefix is evaluated.
Acousto-ultrasonic decay in metal matrix composite panels (1996)

Acousto-ultrasonic (A-U) decay rates (UD) were measured in metal matrix composite (MMC) panels.The MMC panels had fiber architectures and cross-sectional thicknesses corresponding to those designed for aerospace turbine engine structures.The wavelength-to-thickness ratio produced by the combination of experimental frequency setting conditions and specimen geometry was found to be a key parameter for identifying optimum conditions for UD measurements.The ratio was shown to be a useful rule of thumb when applied to ceramic matrix composites (CMC)s and monolithic thermoplastics.λ/h = 8.1
BIOS: An Algorithmically Generated Biomedical Knowledge Graph (2022)

Biomedical knowledge graphs (BioMedKGs) are essential infrastructures for biomedical and healthcare big data and artificial intelligence (AI), facilitating natural language processing, model development, and data exchange. For decades, these knowledge graphs have been developed via expert curation; however, this method can no longer keep up with today's AI development, and a transition to algorithmically generated BioMedKGs is necessary. In this work, we introduce the Biomedical Informatics Ontology System (BIOS), the first large-scale publicly available BioMedKG generated completely by machine learning algorithms. BIOS currently contains 4.1 million concepts, 7.4 million terms in two languages, and 7.3 million relation triplets. We present the methodology for developing BIOS, including the curation of raw biomedical terms, computational identification of synonymous terms and aggregation of these terms to create concept nodes, semantic type classification of the concepts, relation identification, and biomedical machine translation. We provide statistics on the current BIOS content and perform preliminary assessments of term quality, synonym grouping, and relation extraction. The results suggest that machine learning-based BioMedKG development is a viable alternative to traditional expert curation.
The calcium-binding site of clathrin light chains. (1990)

Clathrin light chains are calcium-binding proteins (Mooibroek, M. J., Michiel, D. F., and Wang, J. H. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 25-28) and clathrin assembly can be modulated by calcium in vitro. Thus, intracellular calcium may play a regulatory role in the function of clathrin-coated vesicles. The structural basis for calcium's influence on clathrin-mediated processes has been defined using recombinant deletion mutants and isolated fragments of the light chains. A single calcium-binding site, formed by residues 85-96, is present in both mammalian light chains (LCa and LCb) and in the single yeast light chain. This sequence has structural similarity to the calcium-binding EF-hand loops of calmodulin and related proteins. In mammalian light chains, the calcium-binding sequence is flanked by domains that regulate clathrin assembly and disassembly.
An asynchronous interface relaxation method for multi-domain/multi-physics problems (2016)

An approach for the solution of multi-domain and multi-physics problems is the application of an interface relaxation (IR) method to treat the solution on the common boundaries between domains of the original problem. This solution process is more efficient than other techniques, but still remains quite computationally intensive and the inherently parallel solution of the underlying problems does not scale to the overall method. This paper presents an asynchronous parallel algorithm of a specific IR method, named GEO. The performance results in terms of convergence speed and execution time demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm towards the solution of large-scale multi-domain and multi-physics problems.