gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON HARDWARE EVOLVABILITY AND LEVELS OF GRANULARITY (1997)

Evolvable hardware addresses hardware that self-or~anizeti reconfigures under the guidance of evolutionary mechanisms. Some experiments in evolving at%ansistor level are briefly presented and the perspective of transistors as functional approximators is suggested. In a broader context one analyses approaches to evolvable hardware specifying the level of granularity at which evolution will operate, in accordance with the level of design abstractions in the modeling hierarchy: primitive, functional and behavioral levels in simulated circuits, and transistor, subcircuit and high level function in hardware. Comments are made linking the role of Automatically Definecl Functions in hardware evolution, the process of achieving higher/coarser levels of granularity in the semiotic perspective, and the evolution of modularity of organisrhic designs. Finally, it is suggested testing the effect of changing levels of granularity during hardware evolution,
Guided Self-Assembly via Designed Strain Field (2007)

We apply an elastic field to the substrate to guide the self-assembly of domain patterns on its surface. The effect of arbitrary three dimensional external loading is found to be characterized by a single two dimensional parameter—a surface stain field of the substrate. A non-uniform strain field significantly influences the size, shape and orientation of self-assembled features, and may induce the formation of pattern colonies. It is shown that a pattern orientates normal to the strain gradient direction. An applied load anchors the position of a self-assembled pattern relative to the substrate, where a colony boundary resides on the strain gradient region. The work suggests a method of strain field design to make various monolayer patterns for nanofabrication.
Multi‐Component Analysis in Chemical Sensing (1991)

The chapter contains sections titles: Introduction Analytical Chemistry and Information Theory Multi-Component Analysis and Pattern Recognition: Approaches from Practical Examples Outlook References
Untangle the Complex Stakeholder Relationships in Rural Settlement Consolidation in China: A Social Network Approach (2020)

Rural settlement consolidation (RSC) has a critical role in facilitating the transformation of human settlement and land use transition in the rural revitalization process. RSC involves a diversity of stakeholder groups with complex and intertwined concerns. It is therefore crucial to identify the key stakeholders and their main concerns to effectively align rural planning and policymaking. However, this line of research remains underdeveloped. This study provides a novel and holistic network perspective for unpacking the complex relationships among different stakeholders. The results indicate: (1) the network of stakeholder concerns is relatively sparse, with 68 concern nodes and 159 concern ties; (2) The village committee, centralized residents, and contractors occupy the core position within the concerns network, while the local government has the majority of strongly connected nodes; (3) The lists of prominent concern nodes and ties are identified by different network indices, including the degree difference, the out-status centrality, closeness centrality, node betweenness centrality, and link betweenness centrality; (4) The main interaction type among stakeholder groups can be classified into five categories: financing, psychological attachment, stakeholder participation, project management, and the improvement in living conditions and infrastructure. This study reveals the relatively weak status of residents, the pivotal role of the village committee, as well as the indispensable part of the contractor and township government, with the aim to provide targeted guidance and decision-making supports for strengthening interactions and cooperation among different stakeholder groups. The findings shed new light on performing the multi-tasks of RSC and facilitating the sustainable management of rural areas.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Biosensing of Mercury Ions and Molecular Logic Computing (2021)

Cumbersome and inefficient synthesis of chromium-based nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties and bioactivity limits their wide and practical applications. Simple, fast, and green synthesis of chromium-based nanomaterials will help promote the discovery of their properties and expansion of their application fields. Herein, we proposed rapid, inexpensive, and large-scale methods for the synthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) by simply microwave-heating Cr3+ ions and citrate for several minutes. The citrate-coated Cr2O3 NPs with a universal fluorescence quenching ability as the sensing platform can combine with biomolecules (DNA) for application in fluorescence biosensing of mercury ions and complex molecular logic computing. The Hg2+ assay had wide linear ranges (0.21–2 and 4.2–50.5 μM), a low detection limit (5.78 nM), and good recovery rates in actual water samples. In addition, the interaction of matter and energy (fluorescence) in the Cr2O3 NPs-based sensing system can be used to perform molecular logic gate operations from simple (YES, NOT, AND, and OR gates) to complex circuits. This research can provide an idea for rapid and large-scale preparation of chromium-based nanomaterials and offer an opportunity for the extensive and in-depth exploration of properties (such as unique optical or enzyme-mimetic) and multipurpose applications (sensing, catalysis, logic computing, and encryption) of chromium-based nanomaterials.
Evaluating Spatial Accelerator Architectures with Tiled Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (2021)

There is a growing interest in custom spatial accelerators for machine learning applications. These accelerators employ a spatial array of processing elements (PEs) interacting via custom buffer hierarchies and networks-on-chip. The efficiency of these accelerators comes from employing optimized dataflow (i.e., spatial/temporal partitioning of data across the PEs and fine-grained scheduling) strategies to optimize data reuse. The focus of this work is to evaluate these accelerator architectures using a tiled general matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) kernel. To do so, we develop a framework that finds optimized mappings (dataflow and tile sizes) for a tiled GEMM for a given spatial accelerator and workload combination, leveraging an analytical cost model for runtime and energy. Our evaluations over five spatial accelerators demonstrate that the tiled GEMM mappings systematically generated by our framework achieve high performance on various GEMM workloads and accelerators.
Application of Plasma Perfusion in Hepatic Failure (1991)

To evaluate the efficacy of plasma perfusion as a liver-assistance system, 17 patients with hepatic failure were treated with a total 37 sessions of plasma perfusion and 43 sessions of plasma exchange. For plasma perfusion, Plasma-flo AP-08-H was used as a plasma separator, and the separated plasma was passed through an adsorber, Bespore UPC-III (Jap.Med.Suppl., Hiroshima) or BR 350 (Asahi Med. Co., Tokyo). The mean treated plasma volume was 5.0 liters. The mean proportion of bilirubin removed by routine plasma exchange was 29% with a mean of plasma exchange volume of 2.1 L. In the plasma perfusion with Bespore and BR, the removal rates were 37% and 42%, respectively. The plasma ammonia level decreased by 16% (from 121 to 97 mumol/L) with plasma exchange. Likewise, plasma perfusion decreased the plasma ammonia level from 75 to 56 mumol/L with an average decrement rate of 23%. The capacity for removal of amino acids was analyzed in terms of the change in the Fisher score ([Val+Leu+Ileu]/[Tyr+Phe]). The Fisher score was improved by plasma perfusion from 1.8 to 2.4. Thus, we concluded that in terms of removal of bilirubin, ammonia and amino acids, plasma perfusion was as efficient a therapy as plasma exchange. However, further clinical evaluation will be required before this procedure can be applied for the treatment of hepatic failure.
Adrenomedullin Relaxes Rat Uterine Artery: Mechanisms and Influence of Pregnancy and Estradiol (2010)

Uterine arteries play a major role in regulating uteroplacental blood flow. Failure to maintain blood flow to the uteroplacental compartment during pregnancy often results in intrauterine growth retardation. Immunohistochemical staining of adrenomedullin (AM), an endogenous vasoactive peptide, in uterine artery was intense in pregnant compared to nonpregnant rats, but it is not known whether AM directly relaxes uterine artery or not. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of uterine artery relaxation by AM and its regulation by pregnancy and female sex steroids. AM was able to relax uterine artery, and this relaxation was influenced positively by pregnancy and estradiol as evidenced by the increased pD(2) and E(max) values of AM. Both pregnancy and estradiol treatment to ovariectomized rats amplified RAMP(3) expression in uterine arteries while progesterone had no effect. AM-induced uterine artery relaxation is predominantly endothelium-dependent. The AM receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) is more potent than AM(22-52) in inhibiting the AM relaxation, indicating the involvement of AM(2) receptor subtype. Moreover, AM uses the classical nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway along with K(Ca) channels to mediate the vasodilatory effect in uterine artery. In conclusion, sensitivity of uterine artery to AM-induced relaxation is increased with pregnancy or estradiol treatment by increasing RAMP(3) expression, suggesting an important role for AM in regulating the uterine hemodynamics, probably maintaining uterine blood flow during pregnancy and in pre- and postmenopausal cardiovascular adaptation differences.
Caveolin-1 controls mitochondrial function through regulation of m-AAA mitochondrial protease (2016)

Mitochondrial proteases ensure mitochondrial integrity and function after oxidative stress by providing mitochondrial protein quality control. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this basic biological function in eukaryotic cells remain largely unknown. Caveolin-1 is a scaffolding protein involved in signal transduction. We find that AFG3L2, a <i>m</i>-AAA type of mitochondrial protease, is a novel caveolin-1-interacting protein <i>in vitro</i>. We show that oxidative stress promotes the translocation of both caveolin-1 and AFG3L2 to mitochondria, enhances the interaction of caveolin-1 with AFG3L2 in mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial protease activity in wild-type fibroblasts. Localization of AFG3L2 to mitochondria after oxidative stress is inhibited in fibroblasts lacking caveolin-1, which results in impaired mitochondrial protein quality control, an oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis switch and reduced ATP production. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that a lack of caveolin-1 does not alter either mitochondrial number or morphology but leads to the cytoplasmic and proteasome-dependent degradation of complexes I, III, IV and V upon oxidant stimulation. Restoration of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in caveolin-1 null fibroblasts reverts the enhanced glycolysis observed in these cells. Expression of a mutant form of AFG3L2, which has reduced affinity for caveolin-1, fails to localize to mitochondria and promotes degradation of complex IV after oxidative stress. Thus, caveolin-1 maintains mitochondrial integrity and function when cells are challenged with free radicals by promoting the mitochondrial localization of <i>m</i>-AAA protease and its quality control functions.
Formation and Drying of Colloidal Crystals Using Nanosized Silica Particles (2006)

Much interest has been generated in the fabrication of colloidal crystals from suspensions because of the promise of photonic band gap applications. However, since the case of small, nonsedimenting colloidal particles indeed remains rather rarely treated, spherical silica particles with diameters varying from 75 down to 20 nm have been used in the present work to fabricate colloidal crystals by drying the suspending liquid. Typical events that take place during the drying process of a particulate film, such as cracking, compaction and penetration of air into a porous network, have been evaluated using existing theories, and the maximum stress in the drying film could be approximated. Investigation on the dry film structure by scanning electron microscopy showed the arrangement of particles in a close-packed system. To interpret the formation of such crystals, the amplitudes of the interparticle and capillary forces have been estimated from existing models. The repulsive interparticle forces allow the particles to remain stable and thus rearrange up to fairly high particle concentration. These modeling results showed the dominance of the capillary contribution at the end of the drying process. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements gave very coherent results regarding both pore volume and pore size of the dry particulate films when compared to the expected ordered packing arrangements.
Finding People by their Shadows: Aerial Surveillance Using Body Biometrics Extracted from Ground Video (2012)

Shadow analysis has been shown to enable the extension of gait biometrics to aerial surveillance. In past work the classifiers were both trained and tested on shadow features extracted by image processing. In real scenarios this requires imagery with shadows of people to be recognized. On the other hand one rarely has available the shadow information of the person sought, however direct body movement/information may be more easily obtained from ground surveillance cameras or video recordings. This paper proposes a scenario in which gait/dynamics features from body movement are obtained from a ground video and the search for matching dynamics of shadows takes place in aerial surveillance video. A common scenario would be the recording of people by ground/city surveillance cameras and the use of information to initiate a wide-area search for shadows from aerial platforms. Vice-versa, the shadow of a suspect leaving an incident area, detected by aerial surveillance, can trigger a city-wide search on body/gait biometrics as observed with city/ground surveillance cameras. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach the paper introduces a method that compares contours of bodies in ground image frames and contours of shadows in aerial image frames, for which an alignment is made and a distance is calculated, integrated over a normalized gait cycle. While the results are preliminary, for only 5 people, and using a specific walking arrangement to avoid compensation for changes in the viewing angles, the method obtains a 70% correct classification rate which is a first step in proving the feasibility of the approach.
Eveline M. Burns, Health Services for Tomorrow: Trends and Issues, Dunellen, New York, Martin Robertson, London, 1973. xiv + 226 pp. £8.25. (1975)

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300MHz to 500MHz Optimization of ARM Cortex M7 for Sensor Fusion SoCs by using Multi-threshold Libraries and Multi-bit Register cells in 16nm FinFET (2020)

Advanced technology nodes enable denser System on Chip (SoC) design at equivalent or higher performance, but at the cost of increased leakage. Designers use multi-threshold libraries and design optimizations like Multi-bit registers to optimize the Power, Performance, and Area (PPA) of the SoC. In this work, we demonstrate the PPA trade-offs involved in implementing the ARM Cortex M7 processor that is widely used in Sensor Fusion SoCs in TSMC's 16nm FinFET technology. We show that use of multi-bank registers reduces design area by about 5%. So, the design can achieve 100MHz higher performance at iso-area by using Multi-bank registers. We also demonstrate that when a design is implemented at frequency targets higher than optimal (for a given technology), area and power consumption increase disproportionately.
RuvAB and RecG Are Not Essential for the Recovery of DNA Synthesis Following UV-Induced DNA Damage in Escherichia coli (2004)

Ultraviolet light induces DNA lesions that block the progression of the replication machinery.Several models speculate that the resumption of replication following disruption by UV-induced DNA damage requires regression of the nascent DNA or migration of the replication machinery away from the blocking lesion to allow repair or bypass of the lesion to occur.Both RuvAB and RecG catalyze branch migration of three-and four-stranded DNA junctions in vitro and are proposed to catalyze fork regression in vivo.To examine this possibility, we characterized the recovery of DNA synthesis in ruvAB and recG mutants.We found that in the absence of either RecG or RuvAB, arrested replication forks are maintained and DNA synthesis is resumed with kinetics that are similar to those in wild-type cells.The data presented here indicate that RecG-or RuvAB-catalyzed fork regression is not essential for DNA synthesis to resume following arrest by UV-induced DNA damage in vivo.
Digital Image Scrambling Technology Based on the Symmetry of Arnold Transform (2006)

An improved digital image scrambling method based on Arnold transform is proposed. The method can be used for the rectangle image by splitting rectangle image into several square images. Furthermore, a pretreatment is added to speeding up the process and enhancing the scrambling effect. The recovering of the scrambled image depends on the reverse Arnold transform that has the same cycle times with the Arnold transform. The recovering is lossless and need not calculating the period of the Arnold transform. Finally, experimental results show the robustness of the method.
Perceived emotional states mediate willingness to buy from advertising speech (2023)

Previous studies have shown that stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory can well explain the willingness to buy from stores, products, and advertising-related stimuli. However, few studies have investigated advertising speech stimulus that is not influenced by visual design. We examined whether SOR theory using emotional states can explain the willingness to buy from advertising speech stimulus. Participants listened to speech with modified speech features (mean F0, speech rate, and standard deviation of F0) and rated their willingness to buy the advertised products and their perceived emotional states (pleasure, arousal, dominance). We found that emotional states partially mediate the influence of speech features on the willingness to buy. We further analyzed the moderating effects of listeners' attributes and found that listeners' gender and age group moderated the relationship between speech features, emotional states, and willingness to buy. These results indicate that perceived emotional states mediate the willingness to buy from advertising speech.
Information metrics for low-rate DDoS attack detection: A comparative evaluation (2014)

Invasion by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a serious threat to services offered on the Internet. A low-rate DDoS attack allows legitimate network traffic to pass and consumes low bandwidth. So, detection of this type of attacks is very difficult in high speed networks. Information theory is popular because it allows quantifications of the difference between malicious traffic and legitimate traffic based on probability distributions. In this paper, we empirically evaluate several information metrics, namely, Hartley entropy, Shannon entropy, Renyi's entropy and Generalized entropy in their ability to detect low-rate DDoS attacks. These metrics can be used to describe characteristics of network traffic and an appropriate metric facilitates building an effective model to detect low-rate DDoS attacks. We use MIT Lincoln Laboratory and CAIDA DDoS datasets to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of each metric for detecting mainly low-rate DDoS attacks.
Quantum phase transitions in transverse field spin models: from statistical physics to quantum information (2010)

We review quantum phase transitions of spin systems in transverse magnetic fields taking the examples of the spin-1/2 Ising and XY models in a transverse field. Beginning with an overview of quantum phase transitions, we introduce a number of model Hamiltonians. We provide exact solutions in one spatial dimension connecting them to conformal field theoretical studies. We also discuss Kitaev models and some other exactly solvable spin systems. Studies of quantum phase transitions in the presence of quenched randomness and with frustrating interactions are presented in detail. We discuss novel phenomena like Griffiths-McCoy singularities. We then turn to more recent topics like information theoretic measures of the quantum phase transitions in these models such as concurrence, entanglement entropy, quantum discord and quantum fidelity. We then focus on non-equilibrium dynamics of a variety of transverse field systems across quantum critical points and lines. After mentioning rapid quenching studies, we dwell on slow dynamics and discuss the Kibble-Zurek scaling for the defect density following a quench across critical points and its modifications for quenching across critical lines, gapless regions and multicritical points. Topics like the role of different quenching schemes, local quenching, quenching of models with random interactions and quenching of a spin chain coupled to a heat bath are touched upon. The connection between non-equilibrium dynamics and quantum information theoretic measures is presented at some length. We indicate the connection between Kibble-Zurek scaling and adiabatic evolution of a state as well as the application of adiabatic dynamics as a tool of a quantum optimization technique known as quantum annealing. The final section is dedicated to a detailed discussion on recent experimental studies of transverse Ising-like systems.