gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genotoxic Impurities: From Structural Alerts to Qualification (2010)

The presence of an in cerebro structural alert in a potential or actual impurity, most likely arising as a byproduct or carried-over reagent or starting material, in a drug substance or drug product is merely an indication that the compound may be a DNA-reactive genotoxin. The correlation between structural alerts for direct or indirect electrophilic characteristics and relevant biological activity is highly imperfect. For virtually all actual or potential impurities that are structurally alerting there is likely to be a variety of possibilities for clarifying their genotoxicity status based on published data, in silico assessments or de novo testing in bacterial reverse mutation assays. Even for compounds that test positive a number of options are available to enable a compound-specific qualification to be made involving the use of pre-existing toxicological data (particularly from lifetime rodent bioassays) and/or using information from appropriate additional studies. A review of representative compounds from several classes of structurally alerting substances (epoxides, hydrazines, aromatic amines, halides and aldehydes) provides examples of different types of qualification strategies Overall, it seems prudent to obtain maximum "leverage" from toxicological approaches, which are likely to be relatively low cost, before making any significant process-related changes to an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis.
Integration of Linear Dynamic Emission and Climate Models with Air Traffic Simulations (2012)

Future air traffic management systems are required to balance the conflicting objectives of maximizing safety and efficiency of traffic flows while minimizing the climate impact of aviation emissions and contrails. Integrating emission and climate models together with air traffic simulations improve the understanding of the complex interaction between the physical climate system, carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions and aviation activity. This paper integrates a national-level air traffic simulation and optimization capability with simple climate models and carbon cycle models, and climate metrics to assess the impact of aviation on climate. The capability can be used to make trade-offs between extra fuel cost and reduction in global surface temperature change. The parameters in the simulation can be used to evaluate the effect of various uncertainties in emission models and contrails and the impact of different decision horizons. Alternatively, the optimization results from the simulation can be used as inputs to other tools that monetize global climate impacts like the FAA’s Aviation Environmental Portfolio Management Tool for Impacts.
Knee Extensor Power Predicts Six-Minute Walk Test Performance In Transfemoral Amputees (2021)

PURPOSE: To quantify the relationship between intact limb quadriceps strength in transfemoral amputees and six-minute walk test (6MWT) performance. METHODS: 11 participants with unilateral transfemoral amputations (4F/7M, 46.21 ± 12.68 years old, 28.24 ± 20.57 years following amputation) completed isokinetic (120 degrees/s) and isometric quadriceps strength testing on the intact limb and the 6MWT on a treadmill with a flowmeter to measure oxygen uptake (VO2). Bivariate Pearson correlations were calculated to identify the relationship between strength and 6MWT performance. Strength measures included mass-normalized peak torque, average torque, and average power. Walking measures included total distance traveled during the 6MWT, average VO2, and total VO2. VO2 measures were normalized to distance traveled and mass. Significant correlations (P < .05) were retained for a multiple regression analysis to identify the proportion of variance explained by the distance traveled (model 1) and the total VO2 (model 2). RESULTS: Peak isokinetic knee extensor torque was correlated with total VO2 (r = -.60, P = .05) and distance traveled (r = .84, P = .001). Average isokinetic knee extensor torque was correlated with total VO2 (r = -.61, P = .046) and distance traveled (r = .85, P = .001). Average knee extensor power was correlated with total VO2 (r = -.67, P = .026) and distance traveled (r = .88, P < 0.001). Peak isometric knee extensor torque was correlated with distance traveled (r = .69, P = .019). Average knee extensor power had the strongest correlation with both distance and total VO2 and was significantly correlated with all other strength variables, therefore was the only variable entered into the linear regression models. Average power explained 77.2% of the variance in distance traveled during the 6MWT (P < .001). In the second model, average power explained 44.2% of the variance in total VO2 during the 6MWT (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS: Knee extensor strength was correlated with performance on the 6MWT in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation. The strongest relationship was between quadriceps power and distance traveled, which suggests that developing quadriceps power in the intact limb following amputation may be an important factor to reduce metabolic cost of walking and support a return to an active lifestyle.
Ultra-wideband bandpass filter with notch and upper-band suppression (2011)

A novel ultra-wide band (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) rejecting two unnecessary bands is proposed. The filter consists of a modified stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and four interdigital coupled lines in the main part. Three pairs of open stubs are connected to the SIR in order to make notch in the passband and reject the upper-stopband. By optimizing the length, width and location of the stubs, -10dB suppression is realized from 5.15 GHz to 5.8 GHz and from 11 GHz to 30 GHz. The proposed filter size is 16.4 × 4.2 mm2. 2.5 dimentional EM simulator was used to optimize the filter layout, and the measured results are good agreement with the simulated responses. The 3 dB bandwidth of our proposed UWB BPF is from 3.2 to 4.9 GHz and form 6.2 to 10.5 GHz in experiment.
Correlation: Registers of Change (2021)

Chapter 4 analyses how Correlation approaches maintain a knowing human subject and a world of patterned regularity amenable to policy intervention. Here, the island emerges as a ‘correlational technology’ where changes are seen as early indicators of climate change. Central however, is an (onto)epistemology of inter-relation and correlation rather than one of linear cause-and-effect: we move from a temporal and spatial line of movement to one of synchronicity. Correlational modes are deployed for sensing global warming, rising sea levels and other shifting planetary conditions. As islands are reinterpellated as ‘living laboratories’, the authors argue that the island is seen as enabling the generation of onto-epistemologies operating on correlative not causal principles. In addition to such correlational practices as the evolutionary patterns of island life, there is the widespread celebration of Indigenous islanders’ correlational abilities, useful in the ‘forecasting of extreme weather conditions’. Such approaches have received a high-tech boost in the Anthropocene, taking the algorithmic form of the, ‘if this … then that’ logic associated with Big Data, the Internet of Things and the trope of the ‘smart island’. Here, prolific use of Big Data combined with extensive networks of sensors or tracking social media on islands enables rapid policy responsiveness. The authors demonstrate how working with islands as sites for understanding relational entanglements and feedbacks plays an important role in the generation and exponential development of Correlational onto-epistemologies in broader Anthropocene thinking.
Determinants of the extent and duration of STAT3 signaling (2012)

Multiple molecular mechanisms have been identified that are responsible for the deregulation of the quantitative aspects of JAK-STAT signaling. These mechanisms enhance the extent and the duration of, e.g., STAT3 activation and have profound consequences on the phenotypes of the affected cells. The fine tuning of STAT3 signaling is required to maintain its physiological functions and its deregulation is associated with diverse pathological states. Deregulation can be exerted by the gain of function of components mediating the activation of STAT3 or the loss of function of molecules involved in the deactivation steps of STAT3. Gain of function mutations can involve tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate STAT3, mutations in cytokine and growth factor receptors causing their ligand independent activation, mutations in STAT3 that enhance and prolong its tyrosine phosphorylation and the autocrine or paracrine production and secretion of cytokines, most notably IL-6. Diminished deactivation of phosphorylated STAT3 can be due to the reduced expression of tyrosine phosphatases, inactivating mutations in these enzymes, silencing or functional inactivation of SOCS molecules, post-transcriptional inhibition of PIAS3 expression or deletion mutations in the lymphocyte adaptor protein, LNK. STAT3 variants that exhibit autonomous transactivation potential have been detected in 40% of patients with T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia in clonally expanded CD8(+) T cells. These patients also were preferentially affected by neutropenia and rheumatoid disorders and the results suggest that activating STAT3 mutations in T lymphocytes could be a cause of autoimmune diseases.
Correction: Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 and myeloid cells to improve the therapeutic ratio in patient-derived cervical cancer models treated with radio-chemotherapy (2019)

Since the publication of this paper, the authors have reported that an incorrect version of Figure 1 was presented. The correct version of Figure 1 is provided. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Doping of thin plasma polymerized aniline films (2002)

Summary form only given. Polymers can be used as conductors of electricity and as "smart" materials, which change one or more properties when activated by an electrical signal. Applications include control of electrostatic charge, batteries, fuel cells, drug delivery devices, optical switching, optical displays, capacitors, microactuators, field-effect transistors and light emitting diodes. The electroactive properties of plasma polymerized aniline films have been studied recently by others. In our work, we have fabricated plasma polymerized aniline resistors. To measure the resistivity of the film, gold electrodes were sputtered onto ceramic substrates. For comparison purposes, one electrode structure remained "blank" without further processing. Plasma polymerized aniline film with thickness 0.2 /spl mu/m was deposited over the remaining electrode structures. These resistors were annealed in a nitrogen environment at 125 C for 4 hours. While the plasma polymerized aniline film on one resistor remained undoped the film on another was doped by immersion in a 1 molar HCl solution for 7 hours. Doping was followed by vacuum drying. Resistor values for the blank electrode structure, tor the resistor with undoped film and for the resistor with doped film were measured from the slope of volt-ampere characteristics recorded with a Keithley 617 Electrometer. The undoped film had a conductivity less than 4/spl times/10/sup -2/ s/cm while the film doped with the liquid HCl treatment had a conductivity of 4/spl times/10/sup -10/ to s/cm, a result that is consistent with earlier work by Gong et al. (1998).
Register Allocation for Modulo Scheduled Loops: Strategies, Algorithms and Heuristics (1992)

We analyzed 21 children with leukemia receiving haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) from killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) ligand-mismatched donors. We showed that, in most transplantation patients, variable proportions of donor-derived alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells displaying anti-leukemia activity were generated and maintained even late after transplantation. This was assessed through analysis of donor KIR genotype, as well as through phenotypic and functional analyses of NK cells, both at the polyclonal and clonal level. Donor-derived KIR2DL1(+) NK cells isolated from the recipient displayed the expected capability of selectively killing C1/C1 target cells, including patient leukemia blasts. Differently, KIR2DL2/3(+) NK cells displayed poor alloreactivity against leukemia cells carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles belonging to C2 group. Unexpectedly, this was due to recognition of C2 by KIR2DL2/3, as revealed by receptor blocking experiments and by binding assays of soluble KIR to HLA-C transfectants. Remarkably, however, C2/C2 leukemia blasts were killed by KIR2DL2/3(+) (or by NKG2A(+)) NK cells that coexpressed KIR2DS1. This could be explained by the ability of KIR2DS1 to directly recognize C2 on leukemia cells. A role of the KIR2DS2 activating receptor in leukemia cell lysis could not be demonstrated. Altogether, these results may have important clinical implications for the selection of optimal donors for haplo-HSCT.
Are Roma People Descended from the Punjab Region of Pakistan: A Y-Chromosomal Perspective (2022)

Gypsies are a separate ethnic group living in Pakistan and some other countries as well. They are mostly known as 'Roma' and 'untouchables'. They have different types of lifestyles as compared to other common people, as they always keep migrating from one place to another. They do not have proper houses; they live in tent houses and most probably work on daily wages to earn their living. Gypsies cannot be specified according to the place of residence and can only be classified according to their migration route. Previous historical and linguistic research showed the north Indian origin of Roma people. The present study collected 285 unrelated Roma individuals living in Punjab and typed with the Goldeneye Y20 system. Allelic frequencies ranged between 0.0035 and 0.5266, with haplotype diversity (HD) of 0.9999 and discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.8790. Gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.6489 (DYS391) to 0.9764 (DYS391) (DY385ab). A total of 223 unique alleles were observed. Interestingly, the haplogroup R accounted for 40.56% and J for 22.06%. In MDS analysis, Pakistani Roma formed a close cluster with Roma from Constanta, Romania. The migration pattern of the Roma population from Pakistan, India and Europe was inferred using coalescence theory in the Migrate-n program. Overlapping Y-STR data were used to test different migration models. These migration models showed us the dominant gene flow from Pakistan to India and Europe to Pakistan. The results of our study showed that Y STRs provided substantially stronger discriminatory power in the Pakistani Roma population.
Archive of SID Human infections due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum : first report in Iran (2010)

Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), as certain species of mycobacteria, can affect human in several ways. In the preceding years, the rate of NTM detection has risen in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. On the other hand, several reports have debated the possibility of co-infection of both Mycobcateriu tuberculosis (MTB) and NTM in individuals that puts the role of NTM in disease manifestations under question. Moreover, it is now proven that some of the cases that are identified as anti-TB treatment failure or suspected for drug resistance are actually NTM.
Immunotherapy of sepsis (1993)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
MicroRNA-193a Regulates the Transdifferentiation of Human Parietal Epithelial Cells toward a Podocyte Phenotype (2014)

Parietal epithelial cells have been identified as potential progenitor cells in glomerular regeneration, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully defined. Here, we established an immortalized polyclonal human parietal epithelial cell (hPEC) line from naive human Bowman's capsule cells isolated by mechanical microdissection. These hPECs expressed high levels of PEC-specific proteins and microRNA-193a (miR-193a), a suppressor of podocyte differentiation through downregulation of Wilms' tumor 1 in mice. We then investigated the function of miR-193a in the establishment of podocyte and PEC identity and determined whether inhibition of miR-193a influences the behavior of PECs in glomerular disease. After stable knockdown of miR-193a, hPECs adopted a podocyte-like morphology and marker expression, with decreased expression levels of PEC markers. In mice, inhibition of miR-193a by complementary locked nucleic acids resulted in an upregulation of the podocyte proteins synaptopodin and Wilms' tumor 1. Conversely, overexpression of miR-193a in vivo resulted in the upregulation of PEC markers and the loss of podocyte markers in isolated glomeruli. Inhibition of miR-193a in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis resulted in reduced crescent formation and decreased proteinuria. Together, these results show the establishment of a human PEC line and suggest that miR-193a functions as a master switch, such that glomerular epithelial cells with high levels of miR-193a adopt a PEC phenotype and cells with low levels of miR-193a adopt a podocyte phenotype. miR-193a-mediated maintenance of PECs in an undifferentiated reactive state might be a prerequisite for PEC proliferation and migration in crescent formation.
A Case of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in a Healthy Child (2013)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal inhabitant of skin, throat, mouth, vagina, and urethra. It is not usually pathogenic, particularly in immunocompetent hosts. This report describes a case of a pyogenic liver abscess caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in a healthy 12-year-old boy. He was admitted to Seoul St. Marys Hospital with intermittent fever for 6 days. ' Findings on abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a mass measuring 7.0 6.5 cm in the right hepatic lobe. Culture × of the abscess resulted in growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis as a causative organism. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous administration of antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. (Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2013;20:36-40)
Programmers for implants: a need for radical change (2002)

The natural evolution of implantable devices has trended to the proliferation of external programmers to reconfigure the implants. When initially introduced 20 years ago, together with the telemetry for communicate, they were hailed as marvels of technology. Today they are seen as anachronism embodying obsolete technologies that have turned every physicians office into a museum and physicians into archaeologists. This discussion touches on the main limitations of these programmers together with the telemetry they use. But mainly it discusses the options for the future and the benefits of collaboration between companies to achieve these objectives.
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/Delta-Induced Immunodeficiency Disease in Rhesus Monkeys: Relation of Antibody Response and Antigenemia (1988)

Infection of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induces a disease similar to AIDS. We compared SIV-specific antibody and antigenemia with the progression of disease in monkeys experimentally infected with SIV/Delta isolates that varied in pathogenicity. Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serial sera from macaques infected with attenuated virus revealed a persistent antibody response and no evidence of SIV antigenemia. Immunosuppressed macaques without central nervous system (CNS) infections responded similarly to initial infection, but antibody specific for gag or, less frequently, to gag and env determinants declined predictably before clinical disease. Monkeys with CNS infections, however, had little, if any, detectable antibody to either envelope or gag proteins, regardless of the duration of survival. SIV/Delta-specific antigenemia, evident only in immunodeficient monkeys, fluctuated reciprocally with antibody. Our data suggest that SIV/Delta-induced disease is dependent upon antigenemic episodes that, particularly in animals with CNS infection, appear coincident with diminished antibody.
Acoustic spin pumping as the origin of the long-range spin Seebeck effect (2011)

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is known as the generation of 'spin voltage' in a magnet as a result of a temperature gradient. Spin voltage stands for the potential for spins, which drives a spin current. The SSE is of crucial importance in spintronics and energy-conversion technology, since it enables simple and versatile generation of spin currents from heat. The SSE has been observed in a variety of materials ranging from magnetic metals and semiconductors to magnetic insulators. However, the mechanism, the long-range nature, of the SSE in metals is still to be clarified. Here we found that, using a Ni81Fe19/Pt bilayer wire on an insulating sapphire plate, the long-range spin voltage induced by the SSE in magnetic metals is due to phonons. Under a temperature gradient in the sapphire, surprisingly, the voltage generated in the Pt layer is shown to reflect the wire position, although the wire is isolated both electrically and magnetically. This non-local voltage is direct evidence that the SSE is attributed to the coupling of spins and phonons. We demonstrate this coupling by directly injecting sound waves, which realizes the acoustic spin pumping. Our finding opens the door to "acoustic spintronics" in which phonons are exploited for constructing spin-based devices.
<title>Classification of intestine polyps</title> (1998)

In this paper, we present a method to classify hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps of large intestine semiautomatically. First, doctors locate the contour of the original polyp images by using other software package. We determine if there are gores on the polyp by using modified Sobel operator on eliminating specular reflection pixels of original color images. We then get the polyp's texture by summing the gradient magnitude of pixels within the polyps. After detecting the actual contour of the polyps, we can determined if the polyp's contour is obvious or not (i.e. if the polyp bulges smoothly or not). We then observe whether the polyp's color is redder than or whiter than its neighbors. Finally, we classify the polyp of the intestine by applying the above steps. The flow chart of classification is as shown. We apply our method on 77 color images with polyps of the intestine and compare the results with a doctor's diagnosis.
Creation of High-Resolution Video Panoramas of Sport Events (2006)

This paper describes an approach for creating high-resolution video panoramas of large-scale sport events. In an exemplary football scenario, we used two ARRIFLEX D-20 "film-style" digital cameras to capture both sides of the playing field as well as large parts of the stands. From the recorded left and right view images, we created a joint panoramic view with a resolution of 501 6x1400 pel (5k) using sophisticated image processing algorithms. These highly immersive football panoramas were screened with our modular, high-resolution multiprojection system during the FIFA World Cup 2006 in a 600 seat CinemaxX movie theater in Berlin providing the viewers with the feeling of actually watching the game from a good seat on the stands.