gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the turnover of mRNAs encoding cellular oncoproteins (1991)

Since the discovery of cellular oncogenes more than a decade ago, important strides have been made in understanding their role in neoplastic transformation. It is proposed that the balance between the oncogene(s) and the tumor suppressor gene(s) (also called anti-oncogene or recessive oncogene) normally govern cell growth. They are the key participants in the major growth-signaling pathways and are instrumental in directing a cell through the various phases of the cell cycle. Therefore, any deviation from normal function of these two sets of interacting genes could lead to oncogenicity. In this context oncogenes are dominant genetic elements representing activation of normal protooncogenes, leading towards malignancy. In contrast, antioncogenes perform a normal regulatory role that is negated by the loss or inactivation of the gene in neoplasia. Recent work has provided insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern the full malignant phenotype, and it seems clear that oncogenes and anti-oncogenes have an indispensable role to play in solving the puzzle of multistep mammalian carcinogenesis . Proto-oncogene(s) (a normal gene that can be activated to become an oncogene) functions within the complex pathways of signal transduction, which involve the transfer of growth and differentiation signals into a specific program of gene expression. These transformations are brought about by constitutive unregulated stimulation of a receptor that would normally signal proliferation of the target cell. The role of oncogenes as possible regulators of posttranscriptional nuclear events (capping, methylation, splicing, polyadenylation, and formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes), mRNA transport, mRNA stability, and posttranslational feedback mechanisms is still not clear. Furthermore, the relationship between the size of a transcript and the kinetics of degradation remains to be established. Inhibitors of transcription and translation, often used to study mRNA decay, are known to affect the normal turnover of a given mRNA. The discovery of the complex events involved in the regulation of gene expression clearly demonstrates that the intricacies of mRNA turnover have been underestimated. A complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in mRNA maturation and translocation will be required before we have a working model of mRNA longevity. It is now a well-established fact that the rate of synthesis of any protein is directly proportional to the quantity of its mRNA. Recent evidence suggests that apart from transcription, subsequent post-transcriptional mechanisms play an important role in controlling the steady-state levels of
Efficacy of the ThinPrep method on cervical cytology. (2001)

目的および方法:1050例の子宮頸部擦過細胞診において, ブルームブラシにて細胞採取しモノレイヤー標本自動作製装置ThinPrep processor (Cytyc Corporation, USA) を用いたThinPrep標本を従来法である綿棒塗抹標本と比較し, モノレイヤー標本の本邦における有用性を検討した.成績:ThinPrep標本と従来標本の判定一致率は98.1%(1030/1050例) であり, 特にClass IVあるいはVにおける扁平上皮系の病変では100%であった.ThinPrep標本の長所としては,(1) 背景がきれいで細胞の重積性が少ない均一な標本が得られる,(2) 鏡検範囲が狭く, 鏡検時間が短縮する,(3) 従来の細胞診断基準を変えることなく判定が可能,(4) 検体が保存できる,(5) 検体の運搬が容易, などが挙げられた. さらに同一検体から自動化に適した細胞診検体を多数作製可能であるため, 免疫細胞化学や診断の自動化, 遺伝子検索といった今後導入されるであろう新しい診断法への対応に適した方法であると考えられた.一方, ThinPrep標本の欠点としては,(1) 核クロマチンがやや淡染化する,(2) 標本作製に手間と時間がかかる,(3) 液状検体の保存場所が必要,(4) 検体作製コストが高い,(5) 綿棒採取は適さない,(6) 子宮頸部以外における細胞検体での検討が少ないこと, が挙げられた.結論:モノレイヤー標本は有用であり, 将来本邦においても普及して良い方法であると考えられる.
Characterization of an Outer Membrane Protein ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium That Confers Protection against Typhoid (2008)

Typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains a major health concern worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella with increased virulence, communicability, and survivability leading to increased morbidity and mortality has further complicated its management. Currently available vaccines for typhoid have less-than-desired efficacy and certain unacceptable side effects, making it pertinent to search for new immunogens suitable for vaccine formulation. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Salmonella have been considered possible candidates for conferring protection against typhoid. OMPs interface the cell with the environment, thus representing important virulence factors with a significant role in the pathobiology of gram-negative bacteria and bacterial adaptation. An OMP of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with an apparent molecular mass of 49 kDa that is highly immunogenic, evokes humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and confers 100% protection to immunized rats against challenge with very high doses (up to 100 times the 50% lethal dose) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has been identified. Further, very efficient clearance of bacteria from the reticuloendothelial systems of immunized animals was seen. This protein is recognized by the antibodies present in serum of typhoid patients. When sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel-eluted protein was further analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-dimensional electrophoresis, two polypeptides with the same molecular weight were resolved. These have different isoelectric points and gave two peaks with different retention times in reverse-phase HPLC. However, only one of the two bands interacted with patient serum. The immunogenicity studies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH]) indicated that the immunoreactive protein evoked a strong immune response in rats. The N-terminal sequencing and analysis of the homology of this protein with sequences in the protein database of Salmonella resulted in a match with the N-terminal sequences of a protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (CT18 and Ty2 strains). The homology search further revealed it to be a hypothetical protein, whose gene had unidentified open reading frames in Salmonella serovar Typhi encoding 447 amino acid residues, corresponding to a molecular mass of 49 kDa. The nucleotide sequence of the encoding gene was deduced, and the gene was amplified by PCR using appropriate primers. An amplified 1.3-kb band was purified and sequenced to confirm its identity. These OMPs provide promising targets for the development of a candidate vaccine against typhoid.
Rectangular interaction structures in high power gyrotron devices (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Gyrotron devices utilizing rectangular interaction waveguide are currently being investigated. Some current issues under investigation include the control of polarization, and power versus pulselength of microwave emission. Annular long-pulse electron beams are generated by the Michigan Electron Long Beam Accelerator (MELBA) at parameters: electron beam voltage of 750 kV, injected current of 1-3 kA, and /spl tau/=0.5-1.0 /spl mu/s. Initial experimental results of polarized microwave radiation from a rectangular cross-section (RCS) gyrotron will be presented for small-orbit electron beams. Frequency measurements and annular e-beam generation and transport experimental results will be presented. Simulations using the E-gun code and MAGIC code will be presented.
Evaluation of the fetal state by automatic analysis of the heart rate (1973)

Electronic monitoring of the fetal heart rate (FHR) for diagnosing fetal distress during labor has made great progress in the past ten years.We now know that fetal well-being is reflected by absence of heart rate deceleration, maintenance of beat-to-beat fluctuation, and normal baseline level. Subjective classificationsMany authors [l, 2, 4, 16] have tried to classify FHR patterns into different categories in attempts, to help in the detect on of early Symptoms of fetal distress.All known classifications have the same flaw: they are subjective and could be interpreted differently.On the other hand, the appearence of fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns also depends on the Strip chart speed and the scale.Moreover the prognostic significance of these classifications appears to be a relatively weak one and fetal distress has been reported in cases of Dip I or early decelaration.The physiopathologic meaning of these various types of classification is also questionable.The Information derived from such fetal heart rate recordings is qualitative and is difficult to correlate with quantitative clinical and biological findings.Since 1967, SUREAU [5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] has adv ocated the usefulness of quantifying FHR recordings in order to obtain objective cond ensed and numerical data concerning fetal Objective data
High spatial correlation in brain connectivity between micturition and resting states within bladder-related networks using 7 T MRI in multiple sclerosis women with voiding dysfunction (2021)

Resting states fMRI can be potentially utilized to accurately reflect the voiding (or continued attempt of voiding) network. Concurrent UDS testing is still necessary for studying the effects of strong desire to void and initiation of voiding (or attempt at initiation of voiding).
Modelling the interaction between the atmosphere and curing concrete bridge decks with the SLABS model (2003)

The interaction between atmospheric and construction conditions and the exothermic, temperature-dependent hydration reactions of the concrete's binding components may produce adverse conditions in curing concrete, thereby reducing the quality of that concrete. Accurate model forecasts of concrete temperatures and moisture would help engineers determine an optimal time to pour, an optimal mix design, and/or optimal curing practices. Existing models of curing concrete bridge decks and road surface prediction models lack realistic boundary conditions. The concrete models contain unnecessarily detailed hydration heat generation mechanisms for a simplified field forecast model. In this paper, a new energy balance model (SLABS), which can be easily adapted to predict road surface conditions, is described and applied to predict the temperatures and moisture of curing concrete bridge decks made with New York State Department of Transportation's Class HP concrete. Highest concrete temperatures occurred at high air temperatures, humidities and initial concrete temperatures and at low cloud cover fractions and wind speeds. Peak concrete temperatures can exceed 60°C. To minimise concrete temperatures and temperature gradient magnitudes, concrete should be placed during the late afternoon or early evening. As a field forecast model for which the meteorological inputs are taken from NGM MOS forecasts, the outputs of SLABS include the peak concrete temperature (to within 2°C of the observed in one application), peak temperature gradient, evaporation rate at the time of placement and several warning messages indicating adverse field conditions.
Membrane proteins with soluble counterparts: role of proteolysis in the release of transmembrane proteins (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane proteins with soluble counterparts: role of proteolysis in the release of transmembrane proteinsMario R. W. Ehlers and James F. RiordanCite this: Biochemistry 1991, 30, 42, 10065–10074Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00106a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00106a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrophobic nanoparticles promote lamellar to inverted hexagonal transition in phospholipid mesophases (2015)

This study focuses on how the mesophase transition behaviour of the phospholipid dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) is altered by the presence of 10 nm hydrophobic and 14 nm hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations. The lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase transition (Lα-HII) of phospholipids is energetically analogous to the membrane fusion process, therefore understanding the Lα-HII transition with nanoparticulate additives is relevant to how membrane fusion may be affected by these additives, in this case the silica NPs. The overriding observation is that the HII/Lα boundaries in the DOPE p-T phase diagram were shifted by the presence of NPs: the hydrophobic NPs enlarged the HII phase region and thus encouraged the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase to occur at lower temperatures, whilst hydrophilic NPs appeared to stabilise the Lα phase region. This effect was also NP-concentration dependent, with a more pronounced effect for higher concentration of the hydrophobic NPs, but the trend was less clear cut for the hydrophilic NPs. There was no evidence that the NPs were intercalated into the mesophases, and as such it was likely that they might have undergone microphase separation and resided at the mesophase domain boundaries. Whilst the loci and exact roles of the NPs invite further investigation, we tentatively discuss these results in terms of both the surface chemistry of the NPs and the effect of their curvature on the elastic bending energy considerations during the mesophase transition.
Regulation of Fas antibody induced neutrophil apoptosis is both caspase and mitochondrial dependent (1999)

Resolution of neutrophil mediated inflammation is achieved, in part, through induction of neutrophil apoptosis. This constitutively expressed programme can be delayed by inflammatory mediators and induced by ligation of the Fas receptor. However, functional activation of the neutrophil results in resistance to Fas signalled death. We evaluated the effects of Fas antibody engagement on caspase activation and mitochondrial permeability, and the impact of co-stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on these events. Fas engagement by an agonistic anti-Fas antibody resulted in enhanced caspase 3 and 8 activity and increased mitochondrial permeability. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors of caspase activity showed that activation of caspase 8 occurred before, and activation of caspase 3 occurred after mitochondrial disruption. The mitochondrial stabilising agent bongkrekic acid also inhibited caspase activation and apoptosis. LPS, GM-CSF and increased glutathione stabilised the mitochondria and inhibited caspase 3. Caspase 8 activity was also inhibited by co-stimulation through a mechanism independent of mitochondrial stabilisation. Glutathione directly inhibited caspase 3 and 8 activity. We conclude inhibition of Fas antibody induced apoptosis by inflammatory proteins is associated with augmented mitochondrial stability and reduced caspase 3 activity that may be glutathione mediated.
Factors affecting plasmid production in Escherichia coli from a resource allocation standpoint (2009)

These results suggest that specific plasmid yields can theoretically reach 12 times their current experimental maximum (51 mg/g). Moreover, they imply that abolishing Pyk activity and/or transhydrogenase up-regulation would be useful strategies to implement when designing host strains for plasmid production; mutations that reduce acetate production would also be advantageous. The results further suggest that using some other means for plasmid selection than antibiotic resistance, or at least weakening the marker's expression, would be beneficial because it would allow more precursor metabolites, energy, and reducing power to be put toward plasmid production. Thus far, the impact of eliminating Pyk activity has been explored experimentally, with significantly higher plasmid yields resulting.
Data transmission in a multimode optical fiber using a neural network (2022)

In digital data transmission, single mode optical fibers are commonly used since they can carry very short optical pulses without any significant distortions. In contrast, multimode fibers support many propagation modes that travel with different speeds; thus, they cannot maintain the shape of a light pulse. This feature of multiple propagation modes can be a benefit since it makes possible the transmission of data through several channels simultaneously. We demonstrate how multimode fibers can be used to transmit images. Because of the different propagation constants of the modes, the transmitted image is scrambled to apparently random speckle patterns. A simple neural network can be used to model the transmission through the multimode fiber. We show how the neural network can be trained to recognize a set of patterns with high accuracy.
Identifying and minimizing the effects of malicious behavior in SERF (2005)

Collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms are used in a wide range of internet applications. However the chief objective of using CF algorithms across most of these applications is to discover items that might be of interest to its users. CF algorithms work by obtaining feedback from users on the items that they browse and utilize that feedback to suggest recommendations to other users with similar tastes. CF algorithms rely heavily on input provided by humans and thus it is vital to verify that this information is appropriate. In this paper, we analyze various mechanisms by which users can enter malicious data to a CF system called SERF (System for Electronic Recommendation Filtering). We explore how bad data can be propagated through the system and can be used to manipulate the quality of recommendations. We also explore some techniques to counter the effects of bad data on the system. We report the results of our experiment with two simulated systems- a reputation system that utilizes a user’s agreement and disagreement history to predict the trust that can be attributed to a user and a word weighting scheme based on word co-occurrence. 1.
Consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of anemia in epidermolysis bullosa (2023)

The end result was a series of 6 recommendations which include 20 statements that will help guide management of anemia in EB patients. In patients with moderate to severe forms of EB, the minimum desirable level of Hb is 100 g/L. Treatment should be individualized. Dietary measures should be offered as part of management of anemia in all EB patients, oral iron supplementation should be used for mild anemia; while iron infusion is reserved for moderate to severe anemia, if Hb levels of > 80-100 g/L (8-10 g/dL) and symptomatic; and transfusion should be administered if Hb is < 80 g/L (8 g/dL) in adults and < 60 g/L (6 g/dL) in children.
Rapid Calculation of EMI Responses of Metallic Objects and Implementation in Inversion Schemes (2003)

Abstract : Broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI, 10's of Hz to ^ 100's of kHz) is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for discriminating subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) from widespread clutter. We have succeeded in performing detailed numerical simulations of EMI responses by a considerable variety of representative objects and UXO. Nonetheless, signal inversion schemes are impeded by a lack of rapid means for calculating the responses of possible target types in a great variety of depths and dispositions relative to the sensor. In this project we have developed a reduced source set (RSS) formulation of target response, which is essentially a modified and simplified method of auxiliary sources. In the RSS approach we express the same target response as would be obtained by a full-fledged, detailed, first- principles numerical solution but using only a small number of equivalent responding entities (e.g. charges, currents, surface field components, etc. We have shown that as long as the observer is at distance that is at least some significant fraction of the smallest dimension of an object of interest, the complete and the RSS responses are essentially indistinguishable.
The Kinematics and Dynamics of Aircraft Motion (2015)

This chapter focuses on the equations of motion of a rigid vehicle (aircraft), moving over the rotating Earth. For this purpose, the vector analysis of classical mechanics is used to set up the equations of motion, and matrix algebra to describe operations with coordinate systems; the concepts from geodesy, gravitation, and navigation are also highlighted. The chapter deals with kinematic equations for a time-varying orientation, specifically, the relationship between the derivative of a translational vector and angular velocity expressed as a vector. This is followed by a discussion on the relationship of the Euler angle derivatives to the angular velocity vector, expressed in state-space form. By using the vehicle center of mass (cm) as a reference point, the rotational dynamics of the aircraft can be separated from the translational dynamics; a body-fixed coordinate system, is used with its origin at the cm to compute moments about the origin.
Abnormal Leukocytes in Schizophrenia (1963)

The purposes of the present paper are: (1) to confirm the finding of abnormal circulating leukocytes in schizophrenic patients; (2) to show their finer cytological details; and (3) to discuss the effect of the finding of these abnormal cells upon our concepts of the etiology of mental disease. The search for a cellular abnormality in the blood or tissues of psychiatric patients is almost as old as the microscope itself. Already in 1844 Andral<sup>1</sup>had described low red blood cell counts in some neurotic patients and stated that "... even in the neuroses the study of the state of the blood may be important." Fifty years ago, in 1914, Itten<sup>46</sup>reported an increase in lymphocyte count in schizophrenia and reviewed a considerable literature concerning the white cells in schizophrenia. He noted improvement when the lymphocyte count fell. Recent reports have described morphological abnormalities
Asymmetric metal free β-boration of α,β-unsaturated imines assisted by (S)-MeBoPhoz (2014)

The adduct [MeO → Bpin-Bpin](-) efficiently mediates the β-boration of α,β-unsaturated imines formed in situ. The use of chiral phosphines as additives, and in particular the chiral phosphine (S)-MeBoPhoz, enables the catalytic asymmetric reaction to proceed with higher enantioselectivity than the analogue copper(I) mediated reaction.
Quantum algorithms for supervised and unsupervised machine learning (2013)

Machine-learning tasks frequently involve problems of manipulating and classifying large numbers of vectors in high-dimensional spaces. Classical algorithms for solving such problems typically take time polynomial in the number of vectors and the dimension of the space. Quantum computers are good at manipulating high-dimensional vectors in large tensor product spaces. This paper provides supervised and unsupervised quantum machine learning algorithms for cluster assignment and cluster finding. Quantum machine learning can take time logarithmic in both the number of vectors and their dimension, an exponential speed-up over classical algorithms.