gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical study of electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties ofCubic LaMnO3 under extreme stress (2019)

Stable LaMnO3 (LMO) is successfully synthesized in cubic phase by hydrothermal process. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results obtained are Rietveld refined which gives the best fit for cubic symmetry with space group Pm3m. Experimentally obtained lattice parameters were used to further investigate electronic, magnetic and elastic properties under extreme stress using Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method within density functional theory (DFT). The experimentally observed lattice parameter is optimized by different exchange and correlation functional including LSDA, LSDA + U, GGA, and GGA + U. Also, the dynamic mean field theory (DMFT +DFT) is also employed to optimize the lattice parameter at room temperature which is in good agreement with experimental results. The electronic structure of the system depicts a half-metal to metal transition at 40 GPa. Elastic constants result shows that the cubic LMO is stable under hydrostatic pressure up to 50 GPa. This study provides important contribution in understanding the nature of cubic LMO which is a potential candidate for spintronic devices.
Similarities and differences in microwave and optical radiation detection (2019)

The differences and similarities between the detection processes involved in the microwave and visible electromagnetic (EM) waves are presented for the case of two beam superposition. A microwave receiver measures the motion of conduction electrons which responds linearly to the superposed time dependent EM field amplitudes. A visible light detector also responds to the superposition of the EM field amplitudes due to interactions with the detecting dipoles. However, the visible light detector measures the quantum of energy absorbed and responds to the square modulus of the superposition of the time dependent amplitudes of the EM fields. The measured current in the microwave detector is directly proportional to the superposed microwave amplitudes. The measured energy in visible light detector is directly proportional to the square modulus of the superposed visible light amplitudes. We will highlight the similarities and differences in the detection processes. These important similarities and difference are not underscored in most optics textbooks.
Chronic Plaque Psoriasis (2006)

Chronic plaque psoriasis, the most common form of psoriasis, is a papulosquamous disease defined by erythematous plaques with a silvery scale. The diagnosis usually is clinical, but occasionally a biopsy is necessary. Psoriasis affects 0.6 to 4.8 percent of the U.S. population, and about 30 percent of affected patients have a first-degree relative with the disease. Psoriasis is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, but certain medications and infections are well-known risk factors. Management of psoriasis includes education about chronicity, realistic expectations, and use of medication. Steroids and vitamin D derivatives (e.g., calcipotriene) are the mainstays of topical therapy. Topical steroids and calcipotriene together may work better than either agent alone. Patients with psoriasis involving more than 20 percent of their skin or those not responding to topical therapy are candidates for light therapy; traditional systemic therapy; or systemic treatment with immunomodulatory drugs such as alefacept, efalizumab, and etanercept.
Synthesis of the hexadecapeptide corresponding to positions 1 through 16 of porcine motilin, a gastric motor activity stimulating polypeptide. (1977)

The hexadecapeptide corresponding to positions 1 to 16 of porcine motilin was synthesized in a conventional manner. The synthetic peptide exhibited the activity of 3% of that of the synthetic motilin, when tested using rabbit duodenal muscle in vitro.
Power Electronics Cooling Technology Research at NREL (2023)

This presentation describes power electronics thermal management technologies used for on-road EVs. Examples are provided and heat exchangers are described. Advanced cooling technologies developed are NREL to enable increased power density and enable high WBG temperature operation are then presented. The performance (e.g., thermal resistance, pumping power) of the advanced power electronics cooling technologies are compared to the performance of current, on-road technology.
Synthesis of chromogenic substrates specific for human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP) and human leukocyte elastase (LE). (1982)

Various peptide anilides were synthesized by a conventional method with the object of obtaining specific substrates for human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP) and human leukocyte elastase (LE) in order to compare the substrate specificity of SFP with that of LE. It was found that the P1 Val compound among succinyl tripeptide p-nitroanilides (Suc-Tyr-Leu-X-pNA) exhibited the highest kcat/Km values for hydrolysis by SFP and LE, however, the tetrapeptide Suc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA [kcat/Km values (M-1S-1) for hydrolysis by SFP and LE : 84000 and 48000, respectively] was the preferred chromogenic substrate for SFP and LE because of its high solubility in the buffer and its moderate kcat/Km values. The substrate specificity of SFP was found to be similar to that of LE.
Escalating Multiple-Dose Safety and Tolerance Study of Oral WR 6026 in HIV-Infected Subjects: AIDS Clinical Trials Group 173 (1999)

WR 6026 is an 8-aminoquinoline with activity against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in an animal model of P. carinii pneumonia that has predicted the clinical utility of related compounds. This study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerance of WR 6026 given once daily for 21 days to HIV-infected subjects with CD4 counts <500 cells/microl. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study employed WR 6026 doses starting at 30 mg once daily and increasing to 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg once daily. Weekly visits for clinical and laboratory monitoring were conducted. Forty-nine study subjects, including 25 subjects with CD4 counts <200 cells/microl and 12 subjects with CD4 counts <100 cells/microl, entered the study. The maximum tolerated dose was 120 mg/day. Dose-limiting methemoglobinemia (>20%) was seen in 3 of 6 study subjects who received 150 mg/day for > or =19 days. Methemoglobin level was correlated with peak plasma WR 6026 concentrations. Three other study subjects developed skin rashes that may have been drug-related, and two developed asymptomatic serum triglyceride levels >1000 mg/dl. We conclude that WR 6026 is well tolerated at doses up to 120 mg/day for 21 days in HIV-infected volunteers including those with CD4 counts <200 cells/microl. Methemoglobinemia appears to be the primary dose-limiting toxicity.
Electrostatic micro actuators with high-aspect-ratio driving gap for hard disk drive application (2002)

Micro actuators are developed for hard disk drive application. The aim is high density data storage by positioning the read and write head element precisely. The desired specifications are displacement of /spl plusmn/1 /spl mu/m, operating voltage of 20 V and structural resonance frequency of 151 Hz. We fabricated a metallic actuator by using thick photoresist lithography and nickel electroplating. The electrostatic gap between the mover and the stator has high aspect ratio to achieve low voltage operation. We introduce a vertical sacrificial layer of copper to make the electrostatic gap. We utilize photoresist with thickness of 10 /spl mu/m. We completed the process and operated the actuator successfully. We also developed a silicon actuator using silicon deep etching and deposition technology. We use ICP-RIE for silicon etching and LPCVD for deposition of the vertical sacrificial layer of SiO/sub 2/ and the mover structure of polysilicon. We obtained an actuator which had thickness of 100 /spl mu/m with electrode gap of aspect ratio of 50.
A Balloon-Based Payload for Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere (E-MIST) (2014)

Abstract The survival and transit of microorganisms in Earth's upper atmosphere is relevant to terrestrial ecology and astrobiology, but the topic is understudied due to a scarcity of suitable flight systems. We designed, built, and flew a self-contained payload, Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere (E-MIST), on a large scientific balloon launched from New Mexico on 24 August 2014. The payload carried Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, a highly-resilient spore-forming bacterial strain originally isolated from a NASA spacecraft assembly facility. Our test flight evaluated E-MIST functionality in the stratosphere, including microbiological procedures and overall instrument performance. Herein, we summarize features of the E-MIST payload, protocols, and preliminary results that indicate it is possible to conduct a tightly-controlled microbiological experiment in the stratosphere while collecting pertinent environmental data. Additional studies of this nature may permit survival models for microbes traveling through Earth's harsh upper atmosphere. Moreover, measuring the endurance of spacecraft-associated microbes at extreme altitudes may help predict their response on the surface of Mars.
Searching Entities on the Web by Sample (2008)

The patterns of laminin A, B1, B2, nidogen and collagen alpha 1(IV) gene expression in the embryonic mouse lung were determined using in situ hybridization histochemistry at a stage when branching morphogenesis is taking place. Collagen alpha 1(IV), laminin B1 and B2 genes were expressed throughout the mesenchyme and epithelium. Nidogen gene expression was uniform throughout the mesenchyme but was not detected in epithelial cells. Laminin A mRNA was localized to cells closely associated with a basement membrane at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. However, expression of the laminin A gene was limited to the mesenchymal cells in bronchial regions and to epithelial cells in distal terminal lobules. We propose that the pattern of laminin A gene expression in different regions of the developing lung will influence the structure of the basement membrane at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface and thus have a role in branching morphogenesis.
Direct Synthesis of Powdery Inorganic Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 and Determination of Oxygen Stoichiometry (2009)

We found a method for direct synthesis of C12A7 electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 powders from Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7), CaAl2O4 (CA), and Ca metal; C12A7 and CA were synthesized from CaCO3 and Al2O3. The chemical composition of the powders agrees with that of C12A7 lacking the encaged O2− ions, and the electron concentration was almost equal to the theoretical value of positive charge density of C12A7 cage skeleton.
Cbl-b-regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling is involved in the shikonin-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro (2015)

Shikonin (SK), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, exhibits antitumor activity. However, its precise mechanisms of action are unknown. In the present study, the effects of SK on NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells were investigated. It was found that SK reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in the NCI-H460 cells. Additionally, SK inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, which indicates that inhibition of the ERK pathway is probably one of the mechanisms by which SK induced NCI-H460 cell apoptosis. The expression of Cbl-b was significantly increased by treatment with SK for 4 h, and gradually increased to a maximal level at 24 h; the time taken for the upregulation of Cbl-b protein was in accordance to that required for the downregulation of phospho (p)-ERK protein. The Cbl inhibitor Ps341 reversed the SK-induced downregulation of p-ERK and apoptosis of NCI-H460 cells. These results indicate that Cbl-b potentiates the apoptotic action of SK by inhibiting the ERK pathway in lung cancer cells.
Hemoglobin JOxford: Effects on Hemoglobin and Erythrocyte Function (1968)

Abstract Hemoglobin JOxford (α215 gly→asp β2A) was found to constitute 20 per cent of the hemoglobin in eight members of an Italian-American family. In the heterozygous state, no clinical stigmata referable to the variant Hb were found. Erythrocyte morphology and survival were normal. No evidence of Hb instability was found. Oxygen-affinity studies of whole blood, whole hemolysates and isolated Hb JOxford were normal. A brief review of the literature on J hemoglobins is included.
PAR-1 genotype influences platelet aggregation and procoagulant responses in patients with coronary artery disease prior to and during clopidogrel therapy (2005)

Genetic variations of the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) have been associated with platelet receptor density and linked to thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced phenotypes of platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression. We investigated whether the PAR-1 intervening sequence-14 A>T dimorphism influences platelet procoagulant activity. We also determined whether the P2Y12 antagonist clopidogrel could offset any observed functional polymorphism of the PAR-1 receptor by inhibiting P2Y12-mediated amplification of TRAP-induced responses. We studied 54 patients listed for elective percutaneous coronary intervention assessing TRAP-induced platelet aggregation and markers of procoagulant activity. Platelet responses were measured at baseline, 4 h post clopidogrel 300 mg, and 10 and 28 days following clopidogrel 75 mg daily. Each patient was genotyped for the PAR-1 intervening sequence-14 A/T dimorphism. Increased platelet aggregation and procoagulant responses were observed with PAR-1 A allele homozygotes. Clopidogrel significantly inhibited these platelet responses regardless of PAR-1 genotype, but did not offset the hyper-reactivity associated with the A/A homozygotes. We conclude that a common sequence variation within the PAR-1 gene influences TRAP-induced platelet procoagulant activity as well as aggregation. Higher platelet reactivity associated with PAR-1 IVSn-14 A allele homozygotes persists despite clopidogrel therapy. These individuals may be at higher risk of thromboembolic events and may require additional anti-platelet medication.
Maximum Entropy Summary Trees (2013)

Abstract Given a very large, node‐weighted, rooted tree on, say, n nodes, if one has only enough space to display a k‐node summary of the tree, what is the most informative way to draw the tree? We define a type of weighted tree that we call a summary tree of the original tree that results from aggregating nodes of the original tree subject to certain constraints. We suggest that the best choice of which summary tree to use (among those with a fixed number of nodes) is the one that maximizes the information‐theoretic entropy of a natural probability distribution associated with the summary tree, and we provide a (pseudopolynomial‐time) dynamic‐programming algorithm to compute this maximum entropy summary tree, when the weights are integral. The result is an automated way to summarize large trees and retain as much information about them as possible, while using (and displaying) only a fraction of the original node set. We illustrate the computation and use of maximum entropy summary trees on five real data sets whose weighted tree representations vary widely in structure. We also provide an additive approximation algorithm and a greedy heuristic that are faster than the optimal algorithm, and generalize to trees with real‐valued weights.
Identification of Sources from Chemical Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter and Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2018)

Air pollution in Dhaka has drawn the attention of the government and the public over the past several decades, especially upon the discovery of Pb in the air. As a result, several policy interventions have been implemented to improve the air quality. Sampling for fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5, PM with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm) has been conducted at a semi-residential site (AECD) in Dhaka since December 1996 using a GENT sampler. The retrieved samples were analyzed for their mass, black carbon (BC), and elemental compositions, and the resulting data set was analyzed for source identification via the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique. The identified sources are wood burning, soil dust, brick kilns, fugitive Pb, road dust, Zn sources, motor vehicles, and sea salt. The Government of Bangladesh is considering various interventions to reduce the emissions from these sources by promoting the replacement of diesel/petrol automobiles with CNG vehicles, increasing traffic speed in the city, and introducing green technologies for brick production. However, reducing the effect of transboundary contributions on the local air quality will necessitate regional measures as well.
Ex vivo manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation: the potential role of amifostine. (1999)

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation is an increasingly used procedure in oncohematologic diseases and represents a promising strategy in selected patients with solid tumors. In autologous stem cell transplantation, the risk of reinfusion of clonogenic tumor cells is a remarkable biologic obstacle that can be at least partly overcome by ex vivo graft purging to reduce residual tumor. Mafosfamide and 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide, active metabolites of cyclophosphamide, are the most widely used pharmacologic agents for ex vivo bone marrow purging. However, in addition to killing tumor cells, they are toxic to normal bone marrow as measured by reduced colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM). Thus, the therapeutic index of these alkylating agents is narrow, and parameters for dose selection must include toxicity to normal bone marrow progenitor cells that can delay bone marrow engraftment and increase risk of infections, bleeding complications, hospitalization, and the need for a costly transplantation procedure. Amifostine (WR-2771, Ethyol; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA/US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA) selectively protects human CFU-GM progenitor cells from the cytotoxicities of active metabolites of cyclophosphamide without altering its cytotoxic effect on malignant cells. This has been demonstrated both in preclinical and clinical studies in patients with breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, and acute leukemia. Amifostine use during the ex vivo procedure significantly shortened the time to bone marrow engraftment with decreased incidence of infections and need for red blood cell transfusions.
Critical Relations of Crowns in Critical Times of Coronavirus Depression (2021)

The critical relations are the building blocks of the relational clone of a relational structure with respect to the relational operations intersection and direct product. In this paper we describe the critical relations of crowns. As a consequence, we obtain that the subpower membership problem for any crown is polynomial-time solvable.
Low power time-of-flight 3D imager system in standard CMOS (2012)

This paper proposes a novel time-of-flight (ToF) sensor with high dynamic range and fine depth resolution for medium and long range 3D imaging applications. It focuses on low power consumption while maintaining human-eye safety requirements. A pixel array architecture is employed where each pixel consists of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) as a photo-detector along with a dedicated time-to-digital converter (TDC) for fast image acquisition. The imager is designed to achieve millimeter-level depth resolution with maximum range up to 30 m operating at a maximum frame rate of 1000 fps. It targets security applications, primarily facial recognition, but is also suitable for automotive vision and robotics.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Laurenene. Part 9. Crystal Structure of a Ring A Seco Keto Acid. (1989)

Abstract The laurenene derived keto acid (I) is found to crystallize with two distinct twist conformations (space group is P21 with Z=4).
Reinforcement effect of carbon nanofillers in an epoxy resin system: Rheology, molecular dynamics, and mechanical studies (2005)

Abstract The reinforcing effect of carbon nanoparticles in an epoxy resin has been estimated with different approaches based on rheology, molecular dynamics (evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, and thermally stimulated depolarization current), and dynamic mechanical analysis. Carbon particles aggregate as the volume increases and form a fractal structure in the matrix polymer. The dispersion microstructure has been characterized by its viscoelastic properties and relaxation time spectrum. The scaling of the storage modulus and yield stress with the volume fraction of carbon shows two distinct exponents and has thus been used to determine the critical carbon volume fraction of the network formation (Φ*) for the carbon/epoxy dispersions. At nanofiller concentrations greater than Φ*, the overall mobility of the polymer chains is restricted in both dispersions and solid nanocomposites. Therefore, (1) the relaxation spectrum of the dispersions is strongly shifted toward longer times, (2) the glass‐transition temperature is increased and (3) the relaxation strength of both the secondary (β) and primary (α) relaxations increases in the nanocomposites, with respect to the pure polymer matrix. The dispersion microstructure, consisting of fractal flocs and formed above Φ*, is proposed to play the main role in the reinforcement of nanocomposites. Moreover, the network structure and the interface polymer layer (bond layer), surrounding nanoparticles, increases the relaxation strength and slows the cooperative α relaxation, and this results in an improvement of the mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 522–533, 2005
A Hybrid Automatic Gain Control Scheme for TDD Communication Systems (2023)

In this paper, we propose an improvement to existing automatic gain control (AGC) schemes for time division duplex (TDD) systems. Due to the large signal power difference between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) subframes in TDD systems, conventional AGC schemes cannot adjust the AGC gain fast enough, thus causing large variations in the AGC gain leading to signal degradation. We propose a system utilizing the best qualities of various detector types to allow our AGC to respond more efficiently to large signal increases and decreases than current schemes. With the help of computer simulations we show that our scheme provides increased performance and could be an attractive option for use in various communication systems.
Fast random rewiring and strong connectivity impair subthreshold signal detection in excitable networks (2010)

We study dynamical responses in locally paced networks consisting of diffusively coupled excitable units with dynamically adjusted connectivity. It is shown that for weak subthreshold pacing, excessive or strong connectivity impairs the reliable response of a network to the stimulus. Fast random dynamic rewiring of the network also acts detrimentally on signal detection by enforcing a faster relaxation upon the paced unit. Our results indicate that efficient signal processing on excitable complex networks requires tight correspondence between the dynamics of connectivity and the dynamical processes taking place on the network. This, in turn, suggests the existence of 'function-follows-form' principles for systems described within this framework.
BALLOON COMPRESSION OF THE INTRAMAXILLARY SINUS FOR INTRACTABLE POST-TRAUMATIC BLEEDING FROM THE MAXILLARY ARTERY: Case report (1999)

We present a case of severe intractable epistaxis after midfacial trauma in which the bleeding was identified as coming from the descending palatine artery, a branch of the maxillary artery. It could not be controlled by simple packing, and was stopped by inserting a balloon into the maxillary sinus, tamponading the injured vessel in the sphenopalatine fossa (pterigopalatine fossa). We describe an easy and practical emergency manoeuvre to control bleeding from inaccessible branches of the maxillary artery and to prevent rebleeding after embolisation.