gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Hard Carbon Anode: Tunable Local Structures and Sodium Storage Mechanism (2018)

Hard carbon (HC) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its suitable potential and high reversible capacity. At the same time, the correlation between carbon local structure and sodium-ion storage behavior is not clearly understood. In this paper, the two series of HC materials with perfect spherical morphology and tailored microstructures were designed and successfully produced using resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) resin as precursor. Via hydrothermal self-assembly and controlled pyrolysis, RF is a flexible precursor for high-purity carbon with a wide range of local-structure variation. Using these processes, one series of five representative RF-based HC nanospheres with varying degrees of graphitization were obtained from an RF precursor at different carbonization temperatures. The other series of HC materials with various microscopic carbon layer lengths and shapes was achieved by carbonizing five RF precursors with different cross-linking degrees at a single carbonization condition (1300 °C and 2 h). On the basis of the microstructures, unique electrochemical characteristics, and atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analyses, we proposed a new model of “three-phase” structural for HC materials and found triregion Na-ion storage behavior: chemi-/physisorption, intercalation between carbon layers, and pore-filling, derived from the HC phases, respectively. These results enable new understanding and insight into the sodium storage mechanism in HC materials and improve the potential for carbon-based SIB anodes.
Efficient Nonlinear Generation of THz Plasmons in Graphene and Topological Insulators (2014)

Surface plasmons in graphene may provide an attractive alternative to noble-metal plasmons due to their tighter confinement, peculiar dispersion, and longer propagation distance. We present theoretical studies of the nonlinear difference frequency generation (DFG) of terahertz surface plasmon modes supported by two-dimensional layers of massless Dirac electrons, which includes graphene and surface states in topological insulators. Our results demonstrate strong enhancement of the DFG efficiency near the plasmon resonance and the feasibility of phase-matched nonlinear generation of plasmons over a broad range of frequencies.
Rule-based modeling: precision and transparency (1998)

This article is a reaction to recent publications on rule-based modeling using fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. The interest in fuzzy systems has recently shifted from the seminal ideas about complexity reduction toward data-driven construction of fuzzy systems. Many algorithms have been introduced that aim at numerical approximation of functions by rules, but pay little attention to the interpretability of the resulting rule base. We show that fuzzy rule-based models acquired from measurements can be both accurate and transparent by using a low number of rules. The rules are generated by product-space clustering and describe the system in terms of the characteristic local behavior of the system in regions identified by the clustering algorithm. The fuzzy transition between rules makes it possible to achieve precision along with a good qualitative description in linguistic terms. The latter is useful for expert evaluation, rule-base maintenance, operator training, control systems design, user interfacing, etc. We demonstrate the approach on a modeling problem from a recently published article.
[Pericarditis caused by Gemella morbillorum. Description of a case]. (1995)

Pericardial diseases, in the pediatric age group are rare, and are usually due to viral infection or collagen diseases. Since the advent of the antibiotic era, bacterial pericardial has rarely been reported, and the bacteria most commonly involved are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophylus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis; other pyogenic agents have rarely been isolated in pericarditis. Gemella morbillorum, also known as Streptococcus morbillorum, is a Gram-positive pyogen, usually a saprophite agent of the human gastrointestinal tract, rarely associated with human infections such as arthritis, endocarditis and meningitidis; to our knowledge, it has never been isolated in pericarditis. We report a case of pyogenic pericarditis in an 11-year-old boy, suffering from substernal chest pain for about one year, in which the clinical symptoms, the presence of acute phase proteins, the large amount of fluid within the pericardial space (echocardiographically estimated to be approximately 18 mm), the lack of improvement in clinical conditions and in laboratory values after therapy (diuretics, broad spectrum antibiotics and steroids) led to the indication for a pericardial drainage with the isolation of Gemella morbillorum. Antimicrobial therapy was then modified according to in vitro susceptibility of the Gemella morbillorum, with a decisive contribution to the recovery of the patient, although long-term steroid therapy (5 months) was necessary because of one recurrence of pericardial effusion. This case report shows how Gemella morbillorum, usually a saprophit microorganism, can become pathogenic and also underlines the importance of a correct etiologic diagnosis of pericarditis resistent to classical antibiotic therapy.
Different Methylation Patterns of RUNX2, OSX, DLX5 and BSP in Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. (2015)

The results show that in differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts, epigenetic regulation of OSX may play a leading role.
Dual Diagnosis and Total Hip Arthroplasty (2018)

The co-occurrence of a mental illness and a substance abuse disorder (SUD) is common and has been referred to as a "dual diagnosis" (DD). Although studies have independently investigated mental illness alone and SUD alone, few have examined the effects of these entities combined on complications. A search of the Medicare database from 2005 to 2012 identified 2000 DD patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). They were compared with 86,976 patients with mental illness only and 590,689 controls (no mental illness or SUD). Medical comorbidities and postoperative complications at 30-day, 90-day, and minimum 2-year time points were analyzed. There was a significant increase (P<.001) in 7 (53.8%) of 13 recorded postoperative medical complications, including acute renal failure (odds ratio [OR], 1.78), postoperative anemia (OR, 1.31), and blood transfusion (OR, 1.24), at the 90-day time point. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase overall in periprosthetic infection (periprosthetic joint infection OR, 4.30; P<.001), periprosthetic fracture (OR, 2.80; P<.001), dislocation (OR, 6.38; P<.001), and the need for THA revision (OR, 3.58; P<.001). When compared with patients with mental illness only, DD patients remained at significantly (P<.001) increased risk for 90-day and overall postoperative surgical complications, including dislocation, periprosthetic joint infection, and THA revision. Patients with a DD were at significant risk for perioperative complications compared with both control patients and patients with mental illness only. Studies investigating only psychiatric disease or only SUD may miss a vulnerable cohort. Further investigation is needed to exactly define to what extent DD amplifies complication rates. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(3):e321-e327.].
ChemInform Abstract: Eight‐Membered and Larger Rings (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation of Extracellular Volume Fraction With Routine Multiphasic Pancreatic Computed Tomography to Predict the Survival of Patients With Stage IV Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2019)

Extracellular volume fraction with routine equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT may potentially predict survival in patients with stage IV PDAC treated with chemotherapy.
The Relationship Between the Number of Sutures and the trength of Microvascular Anastomoses (1979)

The relative strengths of microvascular anastomoses in rat femoral arteries were measured, comparing controls (no anastomosis) to those with 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 stitches. The ones in which 8 sutures were used most closely paralleled the control state, whereas those with 4 or 6 sutures were clearly inferior. With a greater number of sutures the vessel behaves as a "shorter" vessel, with the anastomosis becoming the weakest part of the vessel.
Physiology of blood flow and oxygen utilization by peripheral tissue in circulatory shock (1990)

The primary defect that characterizes circulatory shock is acute perfusion failure, in which oxygen metabolism is critically impaired by decreased delivery of oxygen to tissues. Four categories of hemodynamic deficits are described as the basic mechanisms of circulatory shock: hypovolemia, cardiac failure, distributive deficits, and vascular obstruction. Perfusion failure can be identified by the development of lactic acidosis, because anaerobic metabolism is the consequence of the oxygen deficit during circulatory failure. Lactic acidosis at present represents the best single objective measure of the severity of shock.
ChemInform Abstract: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHEMISTRY OF SILICON‐NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. 140. THE INORGANIC FIVE‐MEMBERED RING SYSTEM OF CYCLOBORADISILADIAZANE (1977)

Abstract Die Bis‐[alkylamino]‐disilane (I) setzen sich als lithitiierte Verbindungen oder in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin mit den Dichlorboranen (II) zu den Cyclobordisildiazanen (III) um.
Influence of Energetic Oxygen Bombardment on Conductive ZnO Films (1985)

Conductive ZnO films were prepared by DC planar magnetron sputtering and DC diode sputtering, and the reason for the high resistivity shown by the films at the substrate positions facing the eroded area of the target was investigated. It was found that bombardment of the film by energetic O atoms or O - ions is responsible for the high film resistivity, since this results in a decrease in both the carrier mobility and the carrier concentration. The arrival of excess O atoms and O - ions with relatively lower energies also induces an increase in the film resistivity as a result of a decrease in carrier concentration. The positional dependence of the film resistivity is explained by considering the above two factors.
Multigene mutational profiling of cholangiocarcinomas identifies actionable molecular subgroups (2014)

One-hundred-fifty-three biliary cancers, including 70 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC), 57 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECC) and 26 gallbladder carcinomas (GBC) were assessed for mutations in 56 genes using multigene next-generation sequencing. Expression of EGFR and mTOR pathway genes was investigated by immunohistochemistry. At least one mutated gene was observed in 118/153 (77%) cancers. The genes most frequently involved were KRAS (28%), TP53 (18%), ARID1A (12%), IDH1/2 (9%), PBRM1 (9%), BAP1 (7%), and PIK3CA (7%). IDH1/2 (p=0.0005) and BAP1 (p=0.0097) mutations were characteristic of ICC, while KRAS (p=0.0019) and TP53 (p=0.0019) were more frequent in ECC and GBC. Multivariate analysis identified tumour stage and TP53 mutations as independent predictors of survival. Alterations in chromatin remodeling genes (ARID1A, BAP1, PBRM1, SMARCB1) were seen in 31% of cases. Potentially actionable mutations were seen in 104/153 (68%) cancers: i) KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations were found in 34% of cancers; ii) mTOR pathway activation was documented by immunohistochemistry in 51% of cases and by mutations in mTOR pathway genes in 19% of cancers; iii) TGF-ß/Smad signaling was altered in 10.5% cancers; iv) mutations in tyrosine kinase receptors were found in 9% cases. Our study identified molecular subgroups of cholangiocarcinomas that can be explored for specific drug targeting in clinical trials.
Gastric Microflora in Patients Receiving H2-Blocker (1989)

The gastric microflora of 21 cases receiving histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2-blocker) were studied. Patients not given H2-blocker were also examined for gastric microflora. The gastric pH of patients who were receiving H2-blocker ranged from 1.91 to 6.51 (mean, 4.32). The gastric pH of over 5.00 was seen in 10 cases. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 20 cases (95%). Aerobic bacterial counts per ml of gastric aspirates correlated positively with the pH of those aspirates but was little correlation between the pH of the gastric aspirates and the number of anaerobic bacteria of the samples, which were positive in 7 cases (33%). Candida and Staphylococcus were predominant isolates with positive rates of 82% and 41%, respectively. While Fusobacterium was isolated from 33% of the samples, none of the Bacteroides fragilis group organisms were isolated. It was also observed in the control group that aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the gastric aspirates with high pH. These results suggest that in patients receiving H2-blocker anaerobes as well as aerobes may have the possibility to become pathogen for aspirate pneumonia and so on because of the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in the gastric fluid.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenophene, a Twin‐Brother of Thiophene? (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hyperfine structure of the BaI X 2Σ+ and C 2Π states (1986)

Optical-microwave double resonance measurements were carried out to find the hyperfine structure constants of the v=0 level of the BaI X 2Σ+ state. These were combined with sub-Doppler optical measurements of the BaI C 2Π–X 2Σ+(0,0) band in order to derive the hyperfine structure constants of the excited state. We have determined the following molecular constants (in MHz) where the numbers in parentheses represent one standard deviation in a least squares fit: for the BaI X 2Σ+ state, γ″=75.8501(33), b″=93.117(19), c″=52.170(54), and eQq″=−33.62(12), and for the BaI C 2Π state, a′=263(53), b′+c′=−430(212), d′=−66.7(1.4), and eQq′=−214(11). The Fermi contact interaction and the electric quadrupole coupling constants for both the BaI X and C states appear to arise from the distortion of closed-shell I− orbitals by the field of the Ba+ ion. In the BaI X state, the charge distribution on the Ba+ center is directed away from I− while in the C state toward I−.
Preparation of High-purity Raw Materials for Fluoride-Optical Fiber. (1994)

フッ化物系光ファイバー用高純度原料の作製を目的とし,溶媒抽出法に昇華法を組み合わせたAlF3の精製,イオン交換法によるLaF3及びYF3の精製を行った.AlF3中のCr,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu及びLaF3,YF3中のNd,Pr,Cuは中性子放射化分析法で定量した.精製品の不純物濃度は,AlF3について,Fe 53ng/g,Co0.11ng/g,Ni1.3ng/g,Cu0.54ng/g,LaF3について,Nd<20ng/g,Pr<4ng/g,Cu2.2ng/g,YF3について,Nd<4ng/g,Pr<1ng/g,Cu4.9ng/gであった.199Au,198Auを用いたPtとAuの同時定量を行い,ZrF4,AlF3及びBaF2中のPt,Auの微量分析に適用した.昇華物回収用のPt板からのPt汚染がZrF4について5360ng/gあった.ZrF4,AlF3及びフッ化物系ガラスの作製工程におけるPt,Au汚染状況を明らかにした.フッ化物系ガラス中のPt濃度が低いほど光ファイバーの光損失値は低いことがわかった.
Unsupervised Extraction of Video Highlights via Robust Recurrent Auto-Encoders (2015)

With the growing popularity of short-form video sharing platforms such as Instagram and Vine, there has been an increasing need for techniques that automatically extract highlights from video. Whereas prior works have approached this problem with heuristic rules or supervised learning, we present an unsupervised learning approach that takes advantage of the abundance of user-edited videos on social media websites such as YouTube. Based on the idea that the most significant sub-events within a video class are commonly present among edited videos while less interesting ones appear less frequently, we identify the significant sub-events via a robust recurrent auto-encoder trained on a collection of user-edited videos queried for each particular class of interest. The auto-encoder is trained using a proposed shrinking exponential loss function that makes it robust to noise in the web-crawled training data, and is configured with bidirectional long short term memory (LSTM) [5] cells to better model the temporal structure of highlight segments. Different from supervised techniques, our method can infer highlights using only a set of downloaded edited videos, without also needing their pre-edited counterparts which are rarely available online. Extensive experiments indicate the promise of our proposed solution in this challenging unsupervised setting.
Wavelet representations of stochastic processes and multiresolution stochastic models (1994)

Deterministic signal analysis in a multiresolution framework through the use of wavelets has been extensively studied very successfully in recent years. In the context of stochastic processes, the use of wavelet bases has not yet been fully investigated. We use compactly supported wavelets to obtain multiresolution representations of stochastic processes with paths in L/sup 2/ defined in the time domain. We derive the correlation structure of the discrete wavelet coefficients of a stochastic process and give new results on how and when to obtain strong decay in correlation along time as well as across scales. We study the relation between the wavelet representation of a stochastic process and multiresolution stochastic models on trees proposed by Basseville et al. (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.38, p.766-784, Mar. 1992). We propose multiresolution stochastic models of the discrete wavelet coefficients as approximations to the original time process. These models are simple due to the strong decorrelation of the wavelet transform. Experiments show that these models significantly improve the approximation in comparison with the often used assumption that the wavelet coefficients are completely uncorrelated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DIAFILTRATION OF ULTRAFILTRATION RETENTATE OF WHEY FROM WHITE BRINED CHEESE (2012)

Whey diafiltration was carried out with a UF25-PAN polyacrylnitrilic membrane with 25 kDa molecular weight cut-off at volume reduction factors (VRF) VRF=2, VRF=4, VRF=6, VRF=8, VRF=10. The values of the principal components dry matter, protein, lactose and mineral substances in the retentates and permeate obtained were established. The relative shares of protein, lactose and mineral substances in the dry matter, the concentration factor (CF) values for dry matter, protein, lactose and mineral substances, and the protein retention factor (RF) were determined. Linear models were created for the CF of each investigated component according to the VRF, and a logarithmic model was developed for the protein RF according to the VRF. The results obtained demonstrated the efficiency of diafiltration for deep treatment aimed at a further elimination of lactose and mineral substances and subsequent utilization of the diafiltration concentrates low in lactose and mineral substances as a liquid supplement in the manufacture of extruded cereal products.
La modalización en huichol:la función retórica del prefijo de aserción Ka-ni (2002)

The modal prefix ka-ni is analyzed to account for its functions beyond the sentence level and in text types (personal accounts, descriptions, and others) than traditional stories or myths. The pragmatic context is considered in the analysis, which allows as adding new functions besides the narrative function proposed by Grimes [1966]. Some of these new functions can be considered rethoric functions.
Shenhuang granule in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial (2020)

Abstract Background Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continuously and rapidly circulating, causing heavy damage on public health. No effective antiviral treatment has been proved thus far. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely applied in the treatment of a variety of infection diseases in China, hoping to produce clinical effects and reduce the use of antibiotics and glucocorticoid. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenhuang granule in treatment of severe COVID-19. Methods/design This multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial is conducted in 160 participants with severe COVID-19. The participants will be randomly (1:1) divided into treatment group or control group. All participants are given standard therapy at the same time. The experiment will receive Shenhuang granule treatment twice a day for 14 days. The clinical indicators of patients will be assessed at baseline and at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after treatment initiation. The primary outcome is 14-day clinical outcome. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial. Discussion This will be the first randomized controlled trial, which evaluate the effect of Shenhuang granule in patients with severe COVID-19 in China. The results of this trial may not only provide evidence-based recommendations to clinicians to treat severe COVID-19, but also enrich the theory and practice of TCM in treating infectious diseases. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000029777 . Registered on 13 February 2020.
Computationally designed peptide macrocycle inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (2021)

The rise of antibiotic resistance calls for new therapeutics targeting resistance factors such as the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), a bacterial enzyme that degrades β-lactam antibiotics. We present structure-guided computational methods for designing peptide macrocycles built from mixtures of l- and d-amino acids that are able to bind to and inhibit targets of therapeutic interest. Our methods explicitly consider the propensity of a peptide to favor a binding-competent conformation, which we found to predict rank order of experimentally observed IC<sub>50</sub> values across seven designed NDM-1- inhibiting peptides. We were able to determine X-ray crystal structures of three of the designed inhibitors in complex with NDM-1, and in all three the conformation of the peptide is very close to the computationally designed model. In two of the three structures, the binding mode with NDM-1 is also very similar to the design model, while in the third, we observed an alternative binding mode likely arising from internal symmetry in the shape of the design combined with flexibility of the target. Although challenges remain in robustly predicting target backbone changes, binding mode, and the effects of mutations on binding affinity, our methods for designing ordered, binding-competent macrocycles should have broad applicability to a wide range of therapeutic targets.
Radiation Effects in Semiconductor Materials (2019)

Chapter 3 introduces the idea that radiation loses energy as it traverses the solid state. The various energy loss mechanisms for charged particles, electrons, neutrons, and photons traversing matter are discussed in the first half of the chapter. The remaining half of Chapter 3 discusses charge trapping and transport in silicon dioxide including bulk and interfacial effects, two very important concepts for understanding the effects of total ionizing dose (TID) in integrated circuits.