gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of interacting parallel quantum wires (1995)

We present self-consistent numerical calculations of the electronic structure of parallel Coulomb-confined quantum wires, based on the Hohenberg–Kohn–Sham density functional theory of inhomogeneous electron systems. We find that the corresponding transverse energy levels of two parallel wires lock together when the wires' widths are similar and their separation is not too small. This energy-level locking is an effect of Coulomb interactions and of the density of states singularities that are characteristic of quasi-one-dimensional fermionic systems. In dissimilar parallel wires, level lockings are much less likely to occur. Energy-level locking in similar wires persists to quite large wire separations, but is gradually suppressed by inter-wire tunneling when the separation becomes small. The experimental implications of these theoretical results are discussed.
Thermophilic Fungi: Their Physiology and Enzymes (2000)

Thermophilic fungi are a small assemblage in mycota that have a minimum temperature of growth at or above 20 degrees C and a maximum temperature of growth extending up to 60 to 62 degrees C. As the only representatives of eukaryotic organisms that can grow at temperatures above 45 degrees C, the thermophilic fungi are valuable experimental systems for investigations of mechanisms that allow growth at moderately high temperature yet limit their growth beyond 60 to 62 degrees C. Although widespread in terrestrial habitats, they have remained underexplored compared to thermophilic species of eubacteria and archaea. However, thermophilic fungi are potential sources of enzymes with scientific and commercial interests. This review, for the first time, compiles information on the physiology and enzymes of thermophilic fungi. Thermophilic fungi can be grown in minimal media with metabolic rates and growth yields comparable to those of mesophilic fungi. Studies of their growth kinetics, respiration, mixed-substrate utilization, nutrient uptake, and protein breakdown rate have provided some basic information not only on thermophilic fungi but also on filamentous fungi in general. Some species have the ability to grow at ambient temperatures if cultures are initiated with germinated spores or mycelial inoculum or if a nutritionally rich medium is used. Thermophilic fungi have a powerful ability to degrade polysaccharide constituents of biomass. The properties of their enzymes show differences not only among species but also among strains of the same species. Their extracellular enzymes display temperature optima for activity that are close to or above the optimum temperature for the growth of organism and, in general, are more heat stable than those of the mesophilic fungi. Some extracellular enzymes from thermophilic fungi are being produced commercially, and a few others have commercial prospects. Genes of thermophilic fungi encoding lipase, protease, xylanase, and cellulase have been cloned and overexpressed in heterologous fungi, and pure crystalline proteins have been obtained for elucidation of the mechanisms of their intrinsic thermostability and catalysis. By contrast, the thermal stability of the few intracellular enzymes that have been purified is comparable to or, in some cases, lower than that of enzymes from the mesophilic fungi. Although rigorous data are lacking, it appears that eukaryotic thermophily involves several mechanisms of stabilization of enzymes or optimization of their activity, with different mechanisms operating for different enzymes.
Review and Simulation of Counter-UAS Sensors for Unmanned Traffic Management (2021)

Noncollaborative surveillance of airborne UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) is a key enabler to the safe integration of UAS within a UTM (Unmanned Traffic Management) ecosystem. Thus, a wide variety of new sensors (known as Counter-UAS sensors) are being developed to provide real-time UAS tracking, ranging from radar, RF analysis and image-based detection to even sound-based sensors. This paper aims to discuss the current state-of-the art technology in this wide variety of sensors (both academically and commercially) and to propose a set of simulation models for them. Thus, the review is focused on identifying the key parameters and processes that allow modeling their performance and operation, which reflect the variety of measurement processes. The resulting simulation models are designed to help evaluate how sensors' performances affect UTM systems, and specifically the implications in their tracking and tactical services (i.e., tactical conflicts with uncontrolled drones). The simulation models cover probabilistic detection (i.e., false alarms and probability of detection) and measurement errors, considering equipment installation (i.e., monostatic vs. multistatic configurations, passive sensing, etc.). The models were integrated in a UTM simulation platform and simulation results are included in the paper for active radars, passive radars, and acoustic sensors.
TFIIB Is Only ∼9 Å Away from the 5'-End of a Trimeric RNA Primer in a Functional RNA Polymerase II Preinitiation Complex (2015)

Recent X-ray crystallographic studies of Pol II in complex with the general transcription factor (GTF) IIB have begun to provide insights into the mechanism of transcription initiation. These structures have also shed light on the architecture of the transcription preinitiation complex (PIC). However, structural characterization of a functional PIC is still lacking, and even the topological arrangement of the GTFs in the Pol II complex is a matter of contention. We have extended our activity-based affinity crosslinking studies, initially developed to investigate the interaction of bacterial RNA polymerase with σ, to the eukaryotic transcription machinery. Towards that end, we sought to identify GTFs that are within the Pol II active site in a functioning PIC. We provide biochemical evidence that TFIIB is located within ∼9 Å of the -2 site of promoter DNA, where it is positioned to play a role in de novo transcription initiation.
Al–Mg alloy from a beer can as a simple source of Mg metal for evaporators in ultrahigh vacuum applications (1995)

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Study on Characteristics of Various Collapses of Axially Crushed Tube and Its Application to Elevator Buffer (2005)

The final goal of this study is to apply a shock absorber based on plastic deformation of aluminum tube to an elevator buffer. First, in order to study characteristics of axially crushed tubes, various aluminum tubes were compressed on four types of dies. As a result, these caused the three modes of progressive buckling, tearing and inversion. It is concluded that the load-displacement curve of the inversion mode has ideal shape as shock absorber and its inversion load depends on the thickness of the tube. Secondly, energy absorbing mechanism of inversion mode was made clear with finite element method (FEM), and its details show two kinds of energy, frictional dissipation and plastic dissipation produced by meridional bending and circumferential stretching. A theoretical expression for calculation of the inversion load is derived from the virtual work theorem, the prediction from which agrees well both results of experiment and FEM. It is also discrived that use of molybdenum disulfide improves reproducibility of the inversion mode and its load-displacement curve.
Plant stress tolerance : methods and protocols (2010)

A number of abiotic factors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, low or high light intensity, and deficiency or toxic levels of nutrients have huge impacts on crop productivity, and a furthering of our understanding of the molecular, biochemical, and physiological basis of stress tolerance has been widely recognized as critical. In Plant Stress Tolerance: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers cover the most important widely-used techniques, including cutting-edge strategies, in a manner that ensures effective results. Beginning with reviews on dehydration, salinity, and cold tolerance as well as on oxidative stress, the volume then continues with methods involving topics such as describing the identification of stress-regulated genes, proteins, and microRNAs using diverse approaches, measurement of osmotic adjustment, proline levels, enzymes involved in proline metabolism, and sugars as well as determination of ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, ion leakage, and the enzymes involved in ROS detoxification. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Plant Stress Tolerance: Methods and Protocols provides a wide range of easy-to-follow protocols catering to the needs of plant physiologists, biochemists, and molecular biologists interested in probing this vital area of study
A millimeter wave passive FET mixer with low 1/f noise (2002)

A millimeter-wave resistive (intermediate frequency) FET mixer design that provides down-conversion to low IF (intermediate frequency) frequencies with low 1/f noise is described. The single FET unbalanced mixer has a double sideband noise figure of 7.5 dB with a conversion loss of 9 dB at an LO (local oscillators) drive level of 9 dBm. An RF to LO isolation of 15 dB is achieved through the use of a resonant loop from drain to gate. The design allows downconversion to low IF frequencies using a FET-compatible process with a small chip size. A comparison of MESFET and HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) versions of the mixer shows that the 1/f noise level is higher in the HEMT mixer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation of Filter Requirements and Three-Element Filter Candidates for Cascaded H-Bridges to Achieve Harmonic Compensation with Staircase Modulation (2022)

The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) can achieve selective harmonic compensation (SHC) using the harmonics generated from its staircase modulation. However, the maximum harmonic voltages of CHBs with SHC are smaller than those of an H-Bridge (HB) with sinusoidal PWM modulation because of the slower dv/dt and lower switching frequencies. Therefore, the maximum injected current of CHBs with SHC is limited. Moreover, the injected current of CHBs with SHC is sensitive to the undesired perturbations and parameter variations in actual filters and dc bus voltages. Therefore, the applications of CHBs with SHC are limited. This paper develops models to explain why the CHB with SHC is susceptible to perturbations and parameter variations, and why the conventional single-inductor or the T-type LCL filters are not the best to minimize the susceptibility. One-element, two-element and three-element filters are compared in the paper. The T-type CCL filter is identified as an optimal filter topology to achieve good compensation capacity and small size. The parameter design procedure is developed for a CHB with SHC using a CCL filter. Simulation and experiments with an 11-level CHB validated the effectiveness of the proposed CCL filter.<sup>1</sup>
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of 1,6‐Enynes with Arylboronic Acids through β‐Hydride Elimination/Hydrorhodation Sequence (2008)

Methoxy-substituted 1,6-enynes react with arylboronic acids in the presence of a rhodium(I) complex to give arylated cyclization products. This occurs by a multi-step mechanism consisting of rhodium/boron transmetalation, intermolecular carborhodation, intramolecular carborhodation, beta-hydride elimination, hydrorhodation, and beta-oxygen elimination. A shift of the position of a carbon-carbon double bond is observed, suggesting that the beta-hydride elimination/hydrorhodation process is repeatedly taking place.
Mechanics of meiosis (2009)

The present paper reviews our observations on the premeiotic DNA replication in Lilium and on the morphology and behaviour of chromosomes during the meiotic prophase in Schizophyllum, Lilium, Drosophila, Bombyx and Homo as revealed by three-dimensional reconstructions of synaptonemal complexes (SC). The main results and conclusions are the following: (1) Premeiotic DNA replication in Lilium is 6 times longer than the mitotic S-phase. (2) Presynaptic alignment of homologous chromosomes was not observed. (3) Initiation of synapsis was in Bombyx and Homo restricted to telomere regions while in Lilium complex formation was generally initiated interstitially. (4) Interlocking of chromosomes was frequent at zygotene. (5) Direct evidence for resolution of interlockings by breakage and reunion of chromosomes was obtained in Homo and Bombyx. (6) Two phases of chromosome pairing and SC formation were revealed in Bombyx. (7) A karyotype based on SC length, centromere index and chromatin markers was constructed for human spermatocytes. (8) The number and distribution of recombination nodules were in agreement with the hypothesis that these structures are involved in crossing over and/or gene conversion. (9) Fragments of the SC were found in prometaphase I bivalents of human spermatocytes corresponding in number to the number of chiasmata. (10) In the absence of crossing over, compensatory mechanisms have evolved in female Bombyx substituting for chiasmata in the retention of homologues.
Cognitive and Sedative Effects of Benzodiazepine Use (2002)

This paper reviews the effects of benzodiazepines (BZs) on the performance of tasks measuring human cognitive abilities. The paper reviews the most common cognitive side effects of BZs: increased sedation, decreased attention, and anterograde amnesia. In particular, this paper focuses on recent findings regarding time course-related effects on BZ-induced deficits in explicit and implicit human memory performance. Specifically, we reviewed recent research indicating that both explicit memory and priming are impaired by BZs if the encoding task takes place near the time of the theoretical peak plasma concentrations of the drug. Although BZs also appear to increase objective and subjective sedation, as well as to impair attentional processing, these other cognitive impairments do not appear to fully account for the widespread memory deficits caused by BZ administration. The theoretical and clinical implications of benzodiazepine-induced memory impairments are discussed.
A new era (2007)

The Canadian Department of Public Works and Government Services (PWGSC) operates as a common service agency for the Government of Canada. It provides the departments, boards and agencies of the Government of Canada with a broad range of services in support of their programmes, including procurement, construction, leasing and real property management, telecommunications and translation services, Receiver General and compensation services, banking and cash management.
A Methodology for Identifying Retrofit Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings (1992)

Measured energy savings resulting from energy conservation retrofits in commercial buildings can be used to verify the success of the retrofits, determine the payment schedule for the retrofits, and guide the selection of future retrofits. This paper presents a structured methodology, developed for buildings in the Texas LoanSTAR program, for measuring retrofit savings in commercial buildings. This methodology identifies the pre-retrofit construction and post-retrofit periods, normalizes energy consumption data, and quantifies the uncertainty associated with the measured savings. A case study from the Texas LoanSTAR program is presented as an example.
A comparative cDNA microarray analysis reveals a spectrum of genes regulated by Pax6 in mouse lens (2002)

These results provide a list of genes with possible roles in lens biology and cataracts that are directly or indirectly regulated by Pax6.
Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Suspected Child Victims of Sexual Assault (2009)

The prevalence of each STI among sexually victimized children is <10%, even when highly sensitive detection methods are used. Most children with STIs have normal or nonspecific findings on physical examination.
Cross-platform Bayesian optimization system for autonomous biological assay development (2021)

Abstract Current high-throughput screening assay optimization is often a manual and time-consuming process, even when utilizing design-of-experiment approaches. A cross-platform, Cloud-based Bayesian optimization-based algorithm was developed as part of the NCATS ASPIRE Initiative to accelerate preclinical drug discovery. A cell-free assay for papain enzymatic activity was used as proof-of-concept for biological assay development. Compared to a brute force approach that sequentially tested all 294 assay conditions to find the global optimum, the Bayesian optimization algorithm could find suitable conditions for optimal assay performance by testing only 21 assay conditions on average, with up to 20 conditions being tested simultaneously. The algorithm could achieve a seven-fold reduction in costs for lab supplies and high-throughput experimentation run-time, all while being controlled from a remote site through a secure connection. Based on this proof-of-concept, this technology is expected to be applied to more complex biological assays and automated chemistry reaction screening at NCATS, and should be transferable to other institutions.
The effect of demand elasticity on security prices for the PoolCo and multi-lateral contract models (1997)

Optimum power flows and security constrained power flows assume that customer demand is a fixed quantity. In the new competitive environment, it is necessary to assume that demand is elastic and will vary as a function of price. A critical element in any competitive model, whether it be a PoolCo or a multi-lateral contract model, is for a system operator to ensure reliability and feasibility of the power system operating point. Security pricing for feasibility was first advanced by Schweppe et al for the case of line flow constraints for a PoolCo model. Using geometry, this paper generalizes the approach to include any security constraint for a general competitive model. The paper discusses interpretations of security pricing and its possible implementation in energy management systems.
Crystallization and Solid-State Structure of Random Polylactide Copolymers:  Poly(l-lactide-co-d-lactide)s (2001)

This paper presents a continuation of our earlier research on the crystallization and solid-state structure of polylactide copolymers. The focus here is on random copolymers containing predominately l-lactide and small amounts (1.5, 3, and 6%) of d-lactide. As expected, degrees of crystallinity and spherulite growth rates decrease substantially with increasing d-lactide content in the copolymers. The importance of defect arrangement (isolated vs paired stereochemical defects) was demonstrated by comparison to our earlier research on l-lactide/meso-lactide copolymers. At a given degree of supercooling, measured lamellar thicknesses decrease significantly with increasing R stereoisomer concentration: e.g., by more than a factor of 2 (compared to poly(l-lactide)) for the 6% d-lactide copolymer. The results of small-angle X-ray scattering experiments indicate that a significant amount of noncrystalline material resides between lamellar stacks. Equilibrium melting points were estimated for the copolymers using the Gibbs−Thomson approach, and the values conform with predictions of the model of Wendling and Suter in the exclusion limit. Taken together with the significant reduction in lamellar thickness and crystallinity, these results point to substantial rejection of d-lactide (and meso-lactide) defects from S stereoisomer crystals. However, experiments by others on similar copolymers suggest that a significant amount of R (or R−R) isomers can be included in S crystals under certain crystallization conditions. Some speculation about the origin of these differences is presented.
Do thymically and strictly extrathymically developing T cells generate similar immune responses? (2003)

If present in sufficient numbers, could extrathymic T cells substitute for thymus-derived T cells? To address this issue, we studied extrathymic T cells that develop in athymic mice under the influence of oncostatin M (OM). In this model, extensive T-cell development is probably due to amplification of a minor pathway of T-cell differentiation taking place only in the lymph nodes. Extrathymic CD4 T cells expanded poorly and were deficient in providing B-cell help after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Compared with classic T cells, stimulated extrathymic CD8 T cells produced copious amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and their expansion was precocious but of limited amplitude because of a high apoptosis rate. Consequently, although extrathymic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responded to LCMV infection, as evidenced by the expansion of GP33-41 tetramer-positive CD8 T cells, they were unable to eradicate the virus. Our data indicate that the site of development impinges on T-cell quality and function and that extrathymic T cells functionally cannot substitute for classical thymic T cells.
Investigation of effect of variations in bone fraction and red marrow cellularity on bone marrow dosimetry in radio-immunotherapy (2013)

A method is described for computing patient-specific absorbed dose rates to active marrow which accounts for spatial variation in bone volume fraction and marrow cellularity. A module has been added to the 3D Monte Carlo dosimetry program DPM to treat energy deposition in the components of bone spongiosa distinctly. Homogeneous voxels in regions containing bone spongiosa (as defined on CT images) are assumed to be comprised only of bone, active (red) marrow and inactive (yellow) marrow. Cellularities are determined from biopsy, and bone volume fractions are computed from cellularities and CT-derived voxel densities. Electrons are assumed to deposit energy locally in the three constituent components in proportions determined by electron energy absorption fractions which depend on energy, cellularity, and bone volume fraction, and which are either taken from the literature or are derived from Monte Carlo simulations using EGS5. Separate algorithms are used to model primary β particles and secondary electrons generated after photon interactions. Treating energy deposition distinctly in bone spongiosa constituents leads to marrow dosimetry results which differ from homogeneous spongiosa dosimetry by up to 20%. Dose rates in active marrow regions with cellularities of 20, 50, and 80% can vary by up to 20%, and can differ by up to 10% as a function of bone volume fraction. Dose to bone marrow exhibits a strong dependence on marrow cellularity and a potentially significant dependence on bone volume fraction.
Unfastening pearl nacre nanostructures under shear (2013)

Planetary ball milling of nacre is effective in unfastening the aragonite tablets in high yield with minimal damage, with some of the organic mortar remaining intact on the tablets. The milling process provides a means for transforming a waste material, nacre, which was harvested from pristine waters, into an uncontaminated powder form of the biogenic material with a unimodal particle size distribution for bio-applications or for providing accessible amounts of CaCO3.
La perte de chance de contracter ou de ne pas contracter (2013)

actes du colloque de l'association Droit et commerce