gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE CAPACIDAD MIMO DE ARREGLOS DE ANTENAS PIFA COMPACTOS EN BANDA DE 2,45 GHz 1 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MIMO CHANNEL CAPACITY FOR COMPACT ARRAYS OF PIFA ANTENNAS AT 2.45 GHz BAND (2007)

This paper presents experimental results of indoor MIMO wireless channel and channel capacity evaluation for compact PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) antenna arrays at the 2.45 GHz frequency band. Linear and square array congurations are evaluated using PIFA antenna elements because of its advantages of low prole andexible conguration design for compact and portable mobile terminals. Measurements are performed using a VNA with GPIB standard for automatic data acquisition. MIMO channel capacity results are calculated from a large amount of data combining uncorrelated space and frequency measurements, obtaining results that are statistically representative. Antenna array size from 0.1 to 0.8 wavelengths are tested to evaluate the effect of mutual coupling. Results show that the most efcient congurations can provide high capacity for array size as small as 0.3 to 0.4 wavelengths, which is a signicant compact array size for portable wireless terminals (about 4 centimeters for the tested frequency).
Airborne infection of laying hens with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 (1992)

Hens were exposed to small-particle aerosols containing different concentrations of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. They developed a systemic infection and some birds were still excreting the organism in the faeces when killed 28 days after infection. S enteritidis was present for a similar period in a wide range of alimentary tract issues and in the ovary and oviduct.
Consensus routing: the internet as a distributed system (2008)

Internet routing protocols (BGP, OSPF, RIP) have traditionally favored responsiveness over consistency. A router applies a received update immediately to its forwarding table before propagating the update to other routers, including those that potentially depend upon the outcome of the update. Responsiveness comes at the cost of routing loops and blackholes—a router A thinks its route to a destination is via B but B disagrees. By favoring responsiveness (a liveness property) over consistency (a safety property), Internet routing has lost both. Our position is that consistent state in a distributed system makes its behavior more predictable and securable. To this end, we present consensus routing, a consistencyfirst approach that cleanly separates safety and liveness using two logically distinct modes of packet delivery: a stable mode where a route is adopted only after all dependent routers have agreed upon it, and a transient mode that heuristically forwards the small fraction of packets that encounter failed links. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that consensus routing improves overall availability when used in conjunction with existing transient mode heuristics such as backup paths, deflections, or detouring. Experiments on the Internet’s AS-level topology show that consensus routing eliminates nearly all transient disconnectivity in BGP. 1
Alternating copolymers having a stereoregular polyester structure (1962)

Abstract In the presence of catalysts acting through an anionic mechanism (alkyls or alcoholates of lithium), it was possible to obtain alternating crystalline copolymers of dimethylketene with some aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes (having the general formula RCHO) consisting of macromolecules in which the repeating unit corresponds to the formula: magnified image Owing to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the repeating unit of the products obtained, this copolymerization represents the first example of stereospecific synthesis of polyesters. The chemical structures of the copolymers obtained have been demonstrated by chemical and infrared analyses and by the identification of the products obtained by hydrogenolysis with LiAlH 4 . The preparation of alternating copolymers of dimethylketene with various aldehydes and the properties of the products are described. Furthermore a possible reaction mechanism according to which the two monomers are simultaneously coordinated to a molecule of the catalyst is proposed.
On-line analysis of copper and zinc in industrial effluents by UV-visible spectrometry (in French). (1998)

'offre commerciale pour l'analyse en ligne des mtaux lourds en solution est actuellement limite des analyseurs lectrochimiques (polarographie-voltampromtrie) dont les prix sont levs et qui doivent encore faire la preuve de leur fiabilit. Grce l'apport de nouvelles technologies telles que les barrettes de photodiodes, des monochromateurs performants et les moyens de calcul embarqus, les possibilits de la spectrophotomtrie d'absorption UV -visible devraient pouvoir tre renforces pour l'analyse en ligne
Synthesis of Tailor‐Made Glycoconjugate Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate That Bind IFN‐γ in the Nanomolar Range (2004)

We have recently described the preparation of three building blocks for the combinatorial synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) fragments. Herein we show that one of these building blocks (disaccharide 4) allows the preparation, in high yields and with total alpha stereoselectivity, of tetra-, hexa- and octasaccharides from the heparin (HP) regular region, by using 2+2, 2+4 and 4+4 glycosylation strategies, respectively. These oligosaccharides were processed into sulfated derivatives bearing an allyl moiety in the anomeric position. The UV-promoted conjugation of these compounds with alpha,omega-bis(thio)poly(ethylene glycol) spacers of three different lengths allowed us to prepare nine benzylated glycoconjugates. After final deprotection, the glycoconjugates 1 a-c, 2 a-c and 3 a-c were obtained and their ability to inhibit the interaction between IFN-gamma and HP was tested by using surface plasmon resonance detection. Compound 3 b, containing two HP octasaccharides linked by a 50-A linker was able to inhibit the IFN-gamma/HP interaction with an IC(50) value of approximately 35 nM. In addition, the nine glycoconjugates were perfect tools in the study to ascertain the topology of the IFN-gamma binding site on HS. Compounds 1 a-c, 2 a-c and 3 a-c, by mimicking the alternating sulfated and nonsulfated regions found in HS, thus comprise the first example of a library of synthetic HS mimetics giving access to the "second level of molecular diversity" found in HS.
Kongenitale Mißbildungen (1988)

Kongenitale Mißbildungen sind die Folge einer unvollkommenen Embryogenese. Sie sind zum Geburtszeitpunkt vorhanden, auch wenn sie erst später diagnostiziert werden. Kongenitale Mißbildungen können allein oder multiple auftreten. Ihre klinische Bedeutung ist sehr unterschiedlich. Etwa 14% der Neugeborenen weisen eine einzelne unbedeutende Mißbildung auf, 0,7% der Neugeborenen haben mehrere schwerere Mißbildungen (Tabelle 17.1). Die Häufigkeit der schwereren Mißbildungen ist zum Zeitpunkt der Konzeption höher (10–15%), die Mehrheit der betroffenen Feten endet jedoch als Spontanabort (Abb. 17.1). Etwa 7–10% der Spontanaborte werden durch schwere Mißbildungen verursacht.
Acoustically induced current in graphene by aluminum nitride transducers (2016)

We report on the excitation of acousto-eletric (AE) charge transport in monolayer graphene by acoustic transducers based on aluminum nitride thin films. The acoustic waves induced macroscopic current flow that linearly scaled with input power. The AE current exhibited unique frequency dependence due to special configuration and piezoelectric properties of the transducer, which led to transitions between traveling and standing acoustic waves across a characteristic frequency. A Finite Element model was built to investigate and understand the phenomena and the underlying mechanisms.
Analysis and reduction of signal readout circuitry temporal noise in CMOS image sensors for low-light levels (2000)

In this paper, analytical noise analysis of correlated double sampling (CDS) readout circuits used in CMOS active pixel image sensors is presented. Both low-frequency noise and thermal noise are considered. The results allow the computation of the output RMS noise versus MOS transistor dimensions with the help of SPICE-based circuit simulators. The reset noise, the influence of floating diffusion capacitance on output noise and the detector charge-to-voltage conversion gain are also considered. Test circuits were fabricated using a standard 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS process to validate the results. The analytical noise analysis in this paper emphasizes the computation of the output variance, and not the output noise spectrum, as more suitable to CDS operation. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental data.
MASCARA, a MAC protocol for wireless ATM (1996)

The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol of a Wireless ATM (WATM) system is a critical component as it lies between the traditional ATM layer and the RF-based physical layer whose characteristics are far from those of fibberor copper-based conventional ATM media. The constraints imposed on the MAC protocol of a WATM system lead to consider the design of a Half Duplex (HDX), point-to-multipoint, error prone communication channel while regular ATM Quality of Service (QoS) must be enforced. To take into account the former constraints, a novel MAC protocol has been designed by the Magic WAND project. It is a TDMA-based access scheme which combines both reservation and contention methods. This paper gives an overview of this protocol by describing its time frame structure and mode of operation, by introducing how ATM traffic is scheduled and by presenting the Data Link Control (DLC) and MAC Control means used to guarantee efficient and proper operations.
High‐reliability gate driver circuit to prevent ripple voltage (2020)

Abstract In this paper, a high‐reliability gate driver circuit is proposed to prevent multiple outputs. The proposed circuit ensures reliability of the pull‐up thin‐film transistor (TFT) by periodically discharging the Q node voltage to the low‐level voltage (VGL) in the off stage. In addition, the output node is composed of two pull‐down TFTs that are driven alternately to ensure stability against bias stress. Thus, because the reliabilities of the pull‐up and pull‐down TFTs can be guaranteed simultaneously, the stability of the entire circuit is improved. Based on the simulation results, the rising and falling times of the output pulse are stable within 1.77 and 1.28 μs, respectively, even when the threshold voltage of the entire TFT is shifted by +10.0 V. In addition, the ripple voltage of the proposed circuit is almost eliminated and is within 0.79% of the total swing voltage. Moreover, through current is prevented in the proposed circuit because the turn‐on durations of the pull‐up and pull‐down units are completely nonoverlapping, which suggests that unnecessary power consumption can be eliminated. Therefore, based on 2,160 stages, the total power consumption of the proposed circuit is reduced by 34.7 mW from 276.3 to 241.6 mW.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid) Produced by RAFT Polymerization. Application as a Very Efficient Dispersant of CaCO3, Kaolin, and TiO2 (2003)

Poly(acrylic acid), PAA, was prepared by controlled radical polymerization with reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer. Using trithiocarbonic acid dibenzyl ester, 1, and trithiocarbonic acid bis(1-phenylethyl) ester, 2, as chain transfer agents (CTA), the polymerization is controlled for low ratios [AA]:[CTA]. At higher ratios, the polymerization is plagued by transfer to solvent. Transfer to polymer is also detected at high conversion, as shown by the presence of branches in NMR spectroscopy. In its neutralized form, PAA chains are not all terminated by a thiol end group, as shown by elemental analysis, thiol titration, and MALDI TOF MS. Finally, dispersion of CaCO3, kaolin, and TiO2 using these PAA reveals that the dispersion characteristics are significantly improved using low-polydispersity PAA.
Feedback schemes for multiuser MIMO-OFDM downlink (2008)

We consider a MIMO-OFDM broadcast channel and compare achievable ergodic rates under three channel state feedback schemes: analog feedback, direction quantized feedback and ldquotime-domainrdquo channel quantized feedback. The third scheme is new, and it is inspired by rate-distortion theory of Gaussian correlated sources. For each scheme we derive the conditions under which the system achieves full multiplexing gain. The first two schemes are direct extensions of previously proposed schemes to the OFDM case. The key difference with respect to the widely treated frequency-flat case is that in MIMO-OFDM the ldquofrequency-domainrdquo channel is a Gaussian correlated source. The new ldquotime-domainrdquo quantization scheme takes advantage of the channel frequency correlation structure and outperforms the other schemes. Furthermore, it is by far simpler to implement than complicated spherical vector quantization. In particular, we observe that no structured codebook design and vector quantization is actually needed for efficient channel state information feedback.
Early Prediction of Treatment Response in Advanced Gliomas with 18F-dopa Positron-Emission Tomography (2014)

Imaging markers that enable prediction of survival are of interest for aiding clinical decision-making for patients with advanced glioma. [...]
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Mouse Models of Retinal Degeneration (2009)

The authors demonstrated cross-sectional visualization of retinal structures in wild-type mice and mouse models for retinal degeneration in vivo using a commercially available SD-OCT device. This method will help to reduce numbers of animals needed per study by allowing longitudinal study designs and will facilitate characterization of disease dynamics and evaluation of putative therapeutic effects after experimental interventions.
Miniaturized Millimeter-wave silicon-based Transceiver System-in-Package for FMCW Radar (2018)

An immensely miniature, high reliability millimeter-wave (MMW) transceiver System-in-package (SiP) is presented in this paper. A 3-dimensional (3-D) wafer-level package structure is implemented on silicon-substrate which is manufactured by high precision micro-mechanical system (MEMS) fabricating technology. The MMW transceiver SiP consists of a series of microwave/MMW monolithic-integrated circuits (MMICs) like low noise amplifiers, mixers and power amplifiers. The essential passive components, such as filter, power divider, and interconnection structures are integrated in the silicon substrate directly. The good agreements are demonstrated between simulation and measurement results for the integrated microwave/MMW integrated passive components. A high isolation between the RX and TX channels is achieved by the adoption of through-silicon-via (TSV) and metallization silicon cavity. The measured IF output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is better than 20 dB in a 30 GHz FMCW radar system. The volume of the SiP is only 25mm×20mm×1mm which exhibits a efficient and feasibly system integration approach.
GaN HFET switching characteristics at 350V/20A and synchronous boost converter performance at 1MHz (2012)

Gallium Nitride HFET (Hetero-junction Field Effect Transistors) power switches are poised to replace silicon MOSFETs and IGBTs in many high-performance power switching applications. To realize the benefits of these fast-switching GaN devices, special circuit and packaging techniques are necessary. Drive circuits are significantly improved compared to conventional silicon MOSFET drivers. SMD packaging techniques are employed to minimize source inductance. The gate drive provides rise time of a few ns, and drain voltage slew rates of more than 80 V/ns are observed. These circuits are used for double-pulse switching performance characterization and in a synchronous boost converter operating under the same switching conditions. The GaN HFETs switch 350V and 20A in 15 ns with switching energy of 68 μJ. The 1MHz 300V synchronous switching boost converter is 94% efficient, with an output power of 1.2KW.
Studies on virogenesis and cytopathology of Penaeus monodon baculovirus(MBV) in the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and the red tail prawn (Penaeus penicillatus). (1989)

The cytopathology and virogenesis of monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) in the hepatopancreatic cells of the cultured shrimps, giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and red tail prawn (P.penicillatus), were investigated. In the hepatopancreatocytes of infected giant tiger prawns, F, B, R and M cells were found to be susceptible to MBV. Detailed virogenesis of MBV including formation of nucleic acid, capsid substance, envelopment and formation of occlusion bodies in hepatopancreatocytes of the giant tiger prawn was also noted. The main cytopathogenic changes accompanying MBV infection observed on membranes of the hepatopancreatocytes, and nuclear hypertrophy were due to virogenesis and polyhedrin formation.Virus particles and occlusion bodies released from lysed cells entered the intestinal tract via the hepatopancreatic lumen.In addition to the giant tiger prawn, the red tail prawn, P.penicillatus, were also found to be infected by MBV. This is a new reported host for MBV. Average size of the viron and diameter of the nucleocapsid observed in red tail prawn was signilcantly smaller than those present in giant tiger prawn. However, no significant differences were obtained when the length of nucleocapsids and size of the polyhedrin subunits were compared.
Effect of Antioxidative Lactic Acid Bacteria on Rats Fed a Diet Deficient in Vitamin E (1993)

Lactic acid bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, with antioxidative activity were selected by in vitro screening. The effect of the antioxidative activity was investigated by in vivo experiments using rats that were deficient in vitamin E. In the first stage of screening, 570 strains were examined; intracellular cell-free extracts of 19 strains (16 lactobacilli, 2 streptococci, and 1 lactococci) had antioxidative activity as determined by an assay using rat liver microsomes and thiobarbituric acid. In the second stage of screening, 7 strains of lactobacilli showed over 70% inhibition of oxidation activity. The highest activity was obtained by heterofermentative Lactobacillus sp. SBT 2028. The effect of two strains, Lactobacillus sp. SBT 2028 and Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus SBT 2257, was evaluated for improvement of the condition of rats fed a diet deficient in vitamin E. Intracellular cell-free extracts of those two strains were also used for in vivo experiments. Hemolysis of red blood cells was inhibited in rats that were administered the extract of Lactobacillus sp. SBT 2028, which proved that the extract improved the vitamin E deficiency status. Antioxidative activity of an extract from L. casei ssp. rhamnosus SBT 2257 determined by hemolysis was relatively weak compared with the activity of Lactobacillus sp. SBT 2028 extract.
Use of Compliance Measures in an Analysis of the Effect of Diltiazem on Mortality and Reinfarction After Myocardial Infarction (1993)

A clinical trial efficacy analysis based on actual drug usage is described. The influence of diltiazem therapy on mortality and reinfarction in the multicenter diltiazem post-infarction trial (MDPIT) is analyzed using records for drug discontinuation and reinitiation; the results are then compared with the previously published “intention to treat” analysis. As expected, previously reported beneficial effects of diltiazem therapy in patients without pulmonary congestion and previously reported harmful effects in patients with pulmonary congestion are strengthened for patients while on study medication; both effects are weakened for those not on study medication. It is also shown that for patients assigned to placebo, being on or off study medication is a powerful prognostic indicator of subsequent outcome events, especially among patients with pulmonary congestion. Analysis of discontinuation rates suggested that patients assigned to diltiazem therapy were likely to discontinue trial medication earlier than were patients assigned to placebo, especially for those patients with pulmonary congestion.
Quantum vertex model for reversible classical computing (2017)

Mappings of classical computation onto statistical mechanics models have led to remarkable successes in addressing some complex computational problems. However, such mappings display thermodynamic phase transitions that may prevent reaching solution even for easy problems known to be solvable in polynomial time. Here we map universal reversible classical computations onto a planar vertex model that exhibits no bulk classical thermodynamic phase transition, independent of the computational circuit. Within our approach the solution of the computation is encoded in the ground state of the vertex model and its complexity is reflected in the dynamics of the relaxation of the system to its ground state. We use thermal annealing with and without 'learning' to explore typical computational problems. We also construct a mapping of the vertex model into the Chimera architecture of the D-Wave machine, initiating an approach to reversible classical computation based on state-of-the-art implementations of quantum annealing.
Antiproteolytic activity of goose pancreas: purification, inhibitory properties and amino-acid sequence of a Kazal type trypsin inhibitor. (1996)

A trypsin inhibitor of Kazal type has been isolated from goose pancreas by affinity chromatography on immobilized anhydrotrypsin, anion exchange and reverse phase HPLC. It inhibits bovine beta-trypsin with the association constant (Ka) of 5.99 x 10(8) M-1. The complete amino-acid sequence was determined following CNBr treatment. The protein comprised a total of 69 amino-acid residues, corresponding to a molecular mass of 7.7 kDa. The P1-P'1 reactive site bond of the inhibitor was localized at position Lys25-Met26. The amino-acid sequence of GPTI shows extremely high homology to that of other inhibitors isolated from pancreas of birds.
High efficiency diode pumping of a saturable Bragg reflector-mode-locked Cr:LiSAF femtosecond laser (1996)

We pump a saturable Bragg reflector (SBR)-mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser with a 0.5 W diffraction-limited 670 nm laser diode and obtain average CW mode-locked power of 100 mW of 70 fs pulses at λ=868 nm. The low loss of the SBR-mode-locking technique combined with a nearly diffraction limited pumping results in the highest optical conversion efficiency obtained with this type of laser to date. We discuss overall electrical efficiency of femtosecond lasers.
Writing wavy metal 1 shapes on 22-nm logic wafers with less shot count (2010)

The metal 1 layer for the 22 nm logic node will require complex "wavy" shapes. These shapes are decorations on main features and require highly accurate printing in order to meet CD requirements. Despite attempts to reduce mask shot count by lining up the left-right or top-bottom jogs of the edges, the explosion in the required shot count is considered inevitable. This paper demonstrates a new mask writing method using model-based mask data preparation (MB-MDP), on a production e-beam mask writer. MB-MDP is a complementary technology to conventional fracturing. It incorporates e-beam simulation as an integrated part in order to determine the dose and shape of the overlapping shots to draw complex mask shapes with less shot count. Specifically, the new method writes these "wavy" metal 1 wires accurately with a significant reduction in shot count. Resist-exposed SEM images will be shown that validate the mask simulation results. A shot count comparison will be made with conventional methods.