gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid granular flows on a rough incline: Phase diagram, gas transition, and effects of air drag (2006)

We report experiments on the overall phase diagram of granular flows on an incline with emphasis on high inclination angles where the mean layer velocity approaches the terminal velocity of a single particle free falling in air. The granular flow was characterized by measurements of the surface velocity, the average layer height, and the mean density of the layer as functions of the hopper opening, the plane inclination angle, and the downstream distance x of the flow. At high inclination angles the flow does not reach an x -invariant steady state over the length of the inclined plane. For low volume flow rates, a transition was detected between dense and very dilute (gas) flow regimes. We show using a vacuum flow channel that air did not qualitatively change the phase diagram and did not quantitatively modify mean flow velocities of the granular layer except for small changes in the very dilute gaslike phase.
A “Building Block” Approach to Mixed-Colloid Systems Through Electrostatic Self-Organization (2000)

A facile approach to engineering diverse mixed-colloid ensembles is presented here. Various colloid architectures are seen that are controlled by both electrostatic self-assembly and concentration changes (see Figure) regardless of the nature of the nanoparticle core. The methodology should be applicable to the creation of functionally diverse materials via combinatorial chemistry (see also inside front cover).
Assessing the Oxidative State of the Skin by Combining Classical Tape Stripping with ORAC Assay (2022)

The antioxidant barrier system of the skin acts as the main defence against environmental pro-oxidants. Impaired skin oxidative state is linked to unhealthy conditions such as skin autoimmune diseases and cancer. Thus, the evaluation of the overall oxidative state of the skin plays a key role in further understanding and prevention of these disorders. This study aims to present a novel ex vivo model to evaluate the skin oxidative state by the measurement of its antioxidant capacity (AOC). For this the ORAC assay was combined with classical tape stripping and infrared densitometry to evaluate the oxidative state of the stratum corneum (SC). Outcomes implied the suitability of the used model to determine the intrinsic antioxidant capacity (iAOC) of the skin. The average iAOC of untreated skin was determined as 140 ± 7.4 µM TE. Skin exposure to UV light for 1 h reduced the iAOC by about 17%, and exposure for 2 h decreased the iAOC by about 30%. Treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) increased the iAOC in a dose-dependent manner and reached an almost two-fold iAOC when 20% AA solution was applied on the skin. The application of coenzyme Q10 resulted in an increase in the iAOC at low doses but decreased the iAOC when doses > 1% were applied on the skin. The results show that the combination of classical tape stripping and ORAC assay is a cost-effective and versatile method to evaluate the skin oxidative state and the pro-oxidate and antioxidative effects of topical skin treatments on the iAOC of the skin. Therefore, the model can be considered to be a valuable tool in skin research.
An integrated method for cancer classification and rule extraction from microarray data (2009)

Different microarray techniques recently have been successfully used to investigate useful information for cancer diagnosis at the gene expression level due to their ability to measure thousands of gene expression levels in a massively parallel way. One important issue is to improve classification performance of microarray data. However, it would be ideal that influential genes and even interpretable rules can be explored at the same time to offer biological insight. Introducing the concepts of system design in software engineering, this paper has presented an integrated and effective method (named X-AI) for accurate cancer classification and the acquisition of knowledge from DNA microarray data. This method included a feature selector to systematically extract the relative important genes so as to reduce the dimension and retain as much as possible of the class discriminatory information. Next, diagonal quadratic discriminant analysis (DQDA) was combined to classify tumors, and generalized rule induction (GRI) was integrated to establish association rules which can give an understanding of the relationships between cancer classes and related genes. Two non-redundant datasets of acute leukemia were used to validate the proposed X-AI, showing significantly high accuracy for discriminating different classes. On the other hand, I have presented the abilities of X-AI to extract relevant genes, as well as to develop interpretable rules. Further, a web server has been established for cancer classification and it is freely available at http://bioinformatics.myweb.hinet.net/xai.htm.
Large Area Sensor Skin based on Two-Dimensional Signal Transmission Technology (2007)

In this paper, we propose a stretchable large area sensor skin based on two-dimensional signal transmission (2DST) technology. A small tactile sensor chip with stable non-contact connectors (resonant proximity connector: RPC) to a 2DST sheet is developed. The sensor nodes communicate by microwave that propagates in a two-dimensional sheet. Sensor nodes connect to the 2DST sheet via RPCs without electrical contact anywhere on the sheet and also receive the power for operation from the microwave in the sheet. RPC is a spiral electrode whose total length is a quarter of the electromagnetic wavelength. The induced resonance around the electrode reduces the impedance between the connector and 2DST sheet, which allows sensor chips to connect to the 2DST sheet stably. Simulation results on spiral RPCs show that the concept is effective. We produce an on-off type tactile sensor element which consists of a RFID-tag and RPC, and experimentally confirm that the sensor element works in a stretchable 2DST sheet
Terminal differentiation and calcification in rabbit chondrocyte cultures grown in centrifuge tubes: regulation by transforming growth factor beta and serum factors. (1988)

Rabbit chondrocyte cultures on plastic dishes are capable of depositing a cartilaginous matrix, although the matrix does not calcify unless high levels of phosphate are added to the medium. In the present study, we cultivated a pelleted mass of rabbit growth-plate chondrocytes in the presence of Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 50 micrograms of ascorbic acid per ml in a plastic centrifuge tube. These cells proliferated for several generations and then reorganized into a cartilage-like tissue that calcified without additional phosphate. The deposition of minerals was observed only after synthesis of a short-chain collagen and alkaline phosphatase. Serum factors were required for the increases in alkaline phosphatase and calcium contents. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine abolished the increases in uronic acid, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium contents. Transforming growth factor beta, at very low concentrations, suppressed the expression of the mineralization-related phenotype by chondrocytes. These results suggest that cartilage-matrix calcification can be controlled by growth factor(s) and that chondrocytes induce the mineralization of extracellular matrix when terminal differentiation is permitted in the absence of an artificial substrate.
Asymmetric Quantum Well Structures Possessing Large Second Order Optical Nonlinearities (1988)

Nonlinear optical properties of quantum wells (QW’s) and superlattices (SL’s) 1,2 are attracting increasing interest. Calculations and observations of strong third-order nonlinearities were reported in GaAs-GaAlAs QW and SL structures. Among the phenomena mentioned as leading to large values of x (3) in such structures are conduction band nonparabolicity 3,4 , exciton line saturation 5 and the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) 6,7 . Practical devices using QCSE, the so-called self-electrooptic effect devices, or SEED’s have been successfully demonstrated 8 .
Transient Thermal Response of Turbulent Compressible Boundary Layers (2011)

A numerical method is developed with the capability to predict transient thermal boundary layer response under various flow and thermal conditions. The transient thermal boundary layer variation due to a moving compressible turbulent fluid of varying temperature was numerically studied on a two-dimensional semi-infinite flat plate. The compressible Reynolds-averaged boundary layer equations are transformed into incompressible form through the Dorodnitsyn–Howarth transformation and then solved with similarity transformations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-layer eddy viscosity model developed by Cebeci and Smith, and the turbulent Prandtl number formulation originally developed by Kays and Crawford. The governing differential equations are discretized with the Keller-box method. The numerical accuracy is validated through grid-independence studies and comparison with the steady state solution. In turbulent flow as in laminar, the transient heat transfer rates are very different from that obtained from quasi-steady analysis. It is found that the time scale for response of the turbulent boundary layer to far-field temperature changes is 40% less than for laminar flow, and the turbulent local Nusselt number is approximately 4 times that of laminar flow at the final steady state.
Location-free link state routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks (2015)

We propose a location-free link state routing protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs). Additionally, we present the mathematical background for the theoretical capacity and transmission power metrics of an underwater acoustic channel. UASNs are formed by devices enabled with acoustic communication capabilities that are deployed underwater to perform collaborative monitoring tasks. Information is collected by a sink at the surface also equipped with a radio. The underwater communication channel is characterized by a limited bandwidth and high propagation delay. The network topology constantly changes due to mobility of the nodes. In our routing protocol, every node ranks the quality of the path that it offers toward the sink. Packet forwarding is performed hop-by-hop considering one or several routing metrics, e.g., hop count or pressure. To avoid communication void problems, every node selects a one-hop neighbor within an area that guarantees progress toward a sink. Our strategy is loop-free. It includes a recovery mode handling network topology changes. Our routing protocol was implemented in NS-3 to conduct experiments.
INtravenous Iron to Treat Anaemia following CriTical care (INTACT): A protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (2019)

Background Anaemia is common in patients who survive critical illness and is associated with high levels of fatigue and poor quality of life. In non-critically ill patients, treating anaemia with intravenous iron has resulted in meaningful improvements in quality of life, but uncertainties regarding the benefits, risks, timing and optimal route of iron therapy in survivors of critical illness remain. Methods / Design INtravenous Iron to Treat Anaemia following CriTical care (INTACT) is an open-label, feasibility, parallel group, randomised controlled trial with 1:1 randomisation to either intravenous iron (1000 mg ferric carboxymaltose) or usual medical care. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility of a future, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Participants will be followed up for up to 90 days post-randomisation. The primary outcome measures, which will be used to determine feasibility, are recruitment and randomisation rates, protocol adherence and completeness of follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include collecting clinical, laboratory, health-related quality of life and safety data to inform the power calculations of a future definitive trial. Conclusion Improving recovery from critical illness is a recognised research priority. Whether or not correcting anaemia, with intravenous iron, improves health-related quality of life and recovery requires further investigation. If so, it has the potential to become a rapidly translatable intervention. Prior to embarking on a phase III multicentre trial, a carefully designed and implemented feasibility trial is essential.
Coupled laser inertial navigation system for pedestrian tracking (2011)

This paper presents a method for indoor pedestrian tracking using inertial sensing and a laser scanner (Light Detection and Ranging LIDAR). The zero velocity updating technique[2], which is used to enhance the performances of an inertial sensing sensor mounted on the foot, cannot observe heading, resulting in an horizontal position drift. A Lidar mounted on the head is used as a complementary technique to correct heading. The well known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) [5] algorithm is adapted for our application to treat captured laser scans at given instances that we call middle of foot stance phases. The detection process of those instances will be presented, which is followed by a Lidar-inertial coupling: the corrected position delivered by the ICP algorithm is forwarded as a position fix to the extended Kalman filter treating the inertial sensor data on the foot, and thus to compensate its drift. First results are presented to compare inertial navigation against Lidar-inertial coupled navigation.
Interactions of calmodulin and alpha-actinin with the NR1 subunit modulate Ca2+-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors. (1999)

Glutamate receptors are associated with various regulatory and cytoskeletal proteins. However, an understanding of the functional significance of these interactions is still rudimentary. Studies in hippocampal neurons suggest that such interactions may be involved in calcium-induced reduction in the open probability of NMDA receptors (inactivation). Thus we examined the role of the intracellular domains of the NR1 subunit and two of its binding partners, calmodulin and alpha-actinin, on this process using NR1/NR2A heteromers expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. The presence of the first 30 residues of the intracellular C terminus of NR1 (C0 domain) was required for inactivation. Mutations in the last five residues of C0 reduced inactivation and produced parallel shifts in binding of alpha-actinin and Ca2+/calmodulin to the respective C0-derived peptides. Although calmodulin reduced channel activity in excised patches, calmodulin inhibitors did not block inactivation in whole-cell recording, suggesting that inactivation in the intact cell is more complex than binding of calmodulin to C0. Overexpression of putative Ca2+-insensitive, but not Ca2+-sensitive, forms of alpha-actinin reduced inactivation, an effect that was overcome by inclusion of calmodulin in the whole-cell pipette. The C0 domain also directly affects channel gating because NR1 subunits with truncated C0 domains that lacked calmodulin or alpha-actinin binding sites had a low open probability. We propose that inactivation can occur after C0 dissociates from alpha-actinin by two distinct but converging calcium-dependent processes: competitive displacement of alpha-actinin by calmodulin and reduction in the affinity of alpha-actinin for C0 after binding of calcium to alpha-actinin.
Neuropeptide Y-induced pressor responses in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats antagonized by D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-triphosphate (PP56) (1991)

Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg *Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden
Null Sub-Carrier Aided Reference Symbol Mapping for Improved Channel Estimation in 3GPP LTE Downlink (2010)

In this paper, a new reference symbol mapping scheme is proposed to improve downlink channel estimation performance over the standard reference symbol mapping scheme defined in the 3GPP LTE standard. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of guarding reference symbols (i.e., pilot symbols) with null sub-carriers. This helps mitigate the effect of inter-carrier interference (ICI) at pilot sub-carriers. In addition, the proposed scheme allows the ICI gain parameters to be estimated via a simple estimator. To assess the relative merits of the proposed reference symbol mapping scheme over the standard scheme, we compare normalized mean square error and uncoded bit error rate performances of the two schemes under different mobile user speeds. These comparisons show excellent performance improvements achieved by the proposed scheme over the standard one at high mobile user speeds.
Local entropy-optimized texture models for semi-automatic spine labeling in various MRI protocols (2016)

We present a novel pipeline for acquisition protocol independent spine labeling in volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of the lumbar spine. Our learning-based system uses local Entropy-optimized Texture Models (ETMs) for reducing the intensity scale in clinical data to only a few gray levels. The task of intervertebral disc localization is then performed on the normalized data. The benefit of our method is, that we can deal with various MRI protocols, such as T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) scans. Using the entropy objective allows us furthermore to apply the algorithm to acquisition protocols which are not covered by the training set. We achieve high disc localization accuracies for both, MRI protocols which are covered and not covered by training. The approach can be easily extended to other modalities.
Nanospray-ESI low-energy CID and MALDI post-source decay for determination of O-glycosylation sites in MUC4 peptides (1998)

Mucins are glycoproteins containing from one to several hundreds of carbohydrate chains attached to the peptide by O-glycosidic linkages between N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and either serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr). Apomucin proteins are encoded by different mucin genes (MUC1–8) and show in general tandem repeats in which the carbohydrate chains can be highly clustered. The glycosylation density of human mucins seems to be related to some type of cancer. Fast atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) has previously been used for the determination of O-glycosylation sites in combination with β-elimination. In this contribution, a comparative study by electrospray (ESI)-MS/MS and post-source decay (PSD)-MALDI-MS is presented. Nanospray-ESI-MS/MS experiments were performed using two analyzers, a triple quadrupole and a quadrupole ion trap. A series of O-GalNAc substituted synthetic MUC4 fragments with blocked N- and C-termini, and their nonglycosylated counterparts were investigated. In the sequence analysis of differently glycosylated and nonglycosylated MUC4 decapeptides by MALDI-PSD-MS, the spectra were dominated by b- and y-type ions. Substantial and structure-unrelated loss of the sugar from molecular [M+H]+ and fragment ions was generally observed. The single GalNAc attachment site out of three to five potential substitution Ser/Thr sites was identified by attribution of N- and C-terminal fragment ions still carrying the GalNAc moiety. Similar fragmentation patterns were produced by nanospray ESI–low-energy CID on a Q3 instrument using Ar as a collision gas or on ion trap CID using He as a collision gas. Less abundant sequence ions were obtained from CID experiments on sodiated molecular [M+Na]+ ions, which required much higher energy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of Pharmaceutical Product Properties by Compression Test of Wet Granulated Masses (2019)

The objective of this study was to predict properties of pharmaceutical products prepared by a continuous twin-screw granulator (TSG) using compression test of wet granulated masses. The compressibility of granules prepared by the TSG were also investigated. The pressure transmission, G, which was obtained by the compression test of wet granulated masses, showed good correlation with granules and tablets properties. The relationships between G and the granule properties can be explained by densification of solid-liquid mixture followed by coalescence and layering of ungranulated powder and small granules. Based on the analysis of force-displacement profile, the tablet strength was found to be correlated with plastic energy and elastic recovery which was calculated using elastic energy and compression energy. The investigation of the compressibility of granules with or without binder in the formulation revealed that the improvement of binder dispersion, which was associated with increasing G, appeared to affect the tablet properties.
GTI: An Unsupervised Approach for Sentiment Analysis in Twitter (2015)

Milagros Fernández-Gavilanes, Tamara Álvarez-López, Jonathan Juncal-Martínez, Enrique Costa-Montenegro, Francisco Javier González-Castaño. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2015). 2015.
Time-Series Analysis for Determining Vertical Air Permeability in Unsaturated Zones (1999)

The air pressure in the unsaturated subsurface changes dynamically as the barometric pressure varies with time. Depending on the material properties and boundary conditions, the intensity of the correlation between the atmospheric and subsurface pressures may be evidenced in two persistent patterns: (1) The amplitude attenuation; and (2) the phase lag for the principal modes, such as the diurnal, semidiurnal, and 8-h tides. The amplitude attenuation and the phase lag generally depend on properties that can be classified into two categories: (1) The barometric pressure parameters, such as the apparent pressure amplitudes and frequencies controlled by the atmospheric tides and others; and (2) the material properties of porous media, such as the air viscosity, air-filled porosity, and permeability. Based on the principle of superposition and a Fourier time-series analysis, an analytical solution for predicting the subsurface air pressure variation caused by the atmospheric pressure fluctuation is presented. The air permeability (or pneumatic diffusivity) can be quantitatively determined by using the calculated amplitude attenuations (or phase lags) and the appropriate analytical relations among the parameters of the atmosphere and the porous medium. An analysis using the field data shows that the Fourier time-series analysis may provide a potentially reliable and simple method for predicting the subsurface barometric pressure variation and for determining the air permeability of unsaturated zones.
Correlation between Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and orbital angular momentum at an oxide-ferromagnet interface (2020)

We report on the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DMI) interaction at the interface between a ferromagnet and an oxide. We demonstrate experimentally that oxides can give rise to DMI. By comparison of systems comprised of Pt/Co<sub>90</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>/oxide and Cu/Co<sub>90</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>/oxide, we also show how oxidation of one interface can enhance and add to the total DMI of that generated by the Pt interface. This is due to the fact that the DMI on both interfaces promotes left-handed chirality. Finally, by use of ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that the DMI and the spectroscopic splitting factor, which is a measure of the orbital momentum, are correlated. This indicates the importance of hybridization and charge transfer at the oxide interface for the DMI.