gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid production of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies from a variety of animals (2012)

Our technology eliminates the need for both cell propagation and screening processes, offering a significant advantage over hybridoma and display strategies.
Characterization of Recombinant, Ureolytic Streptococcus mutans Demonstrates an Inverse Relationship between Dental Plaque Ureolytic Capacity and Cariogenicity (2000)

Dental caries results from prolonged plaque acidification that leads to the establishment of a cariogenic microflora and demineralization of the tooth. Urease enzymes of oral bacteria hydrolyze urea to ammonia, which can neutralize plaque acids. To begin to examine the relationship between plaque ureolytic activity and the incidence of dental caries, recombinant, ureolytic strains of Streptococcus mutans were constructed. Specifically, the ureABCEFGD operon from Streptococcus salivarius 57.I was integrated into the S. mutans chromosome in such a way that the operon was transcribed from a weak, cognate promoter in S. mutans ACUS4 or a stronger promoter in S. mutans ACUS6. Both strains expressed NiCl(2)-dependent urease activity, but the maximal urease levels in ACUS6 were threefold higher than those in ACUS4. In vitro pH drop experiments demonstrated that the ability of the recombinant S. mutans strains to moderate a decrease in pH during the simultaneous metabolism of glucose and urea increased proportionately with the level of urease activity expressed. Specific-pathogen-free rats that were infected with ACUS6 and fed a cariogenic diet with drinking water containing 25 mM urea and 50 microM NiCl(2) had relatively high levels of oral urease activity, as well as dramatic decreases in the prevalence of smooth-surface caries and the severity of sulcal caries, relative to controls. Urease activity appears to influence plaque biochemistry and metabolism in a manner that reduces cariogenicity, suggesting that recombinant, ureolytic bacteria may be useful to promote dental health.
Errors in the Assessment of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: Reply (2006)

Although prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whether based on cystatin C or creatinine, provide superior diagnostic specificity and sensitivity (1)(2)(3)(4) in the diagnosis of renal disease, their general implementation in the clinical routine will not be without obstacles. Indeed, many of the previously discussed problems for creatinine-based prediction equations (5) also apply to the general implementation of cystatin C–based prediction equations. Twomey and Kroll raise important questions related to these implementation problems.

As they point out, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) prediction equation applies only to persons above 17 years of age (1)(2)(6). Our logic in constructing Fig. 1, panels A–C, as shown in our article (2), was to demonstrate that the cystatin C–based GFR prediction equations can be used for both children and adults. The scales of the y axes were selected to accommodate all of the prediction errors of the cystatin …
Detection of Single Oxygen Molecules Opens Up New Vistas for the Investigation of Molecular Cooperativity in Hemocyanins (2006)

A single-molecule oxygen sensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between a fluorescence dye and the respiratory protein hemocyanin is highlighted. The developed sensor offers the possibility to investigate the cooperativity of oxygen binding at the single-molecule level. The picture shows smoothed fluorescence images of the labeled 24-mer tarantula hemocyanin in the deoxygenated and oxygenated state.
Clinical Recommendation for Treatment Planning of Sinus Augmentation Procedures by Using Presurgical CAT Scan Images: A Preliminary Report (2011)

A narrow sinus and greater exposure to the blood supply should require shorter healing times after grafting. Conversely, wider sinus cavities and less exposure to the blood supply would require a longer healing time before implant placement.
Peripheral vascular surgery (1991)

This study evaluates our infrainguinal arterial bypass graftings and new technique of laser vascular welding. Patients and methods At the end of December 31, 1988, 71 patients underwent 76 infrainguinal arterial bypass operations at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School and affiliated hospitals. Sympatectomy, transluminal angioplasty, or amputations without bypass graftings were excluded from this study. Patient ages ranged from 28 to 84 years old with the average age being 68. 3 years old. There were 61 men (86%) and 10 women (14%). Hospital charts were reviewed for medical history, clinical presentation, angiographic results, operative indications and procedures, operative mortality, complications, and graft patency.
Clinical Evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the Echinocandins Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin (2008)

A commercially prepared, dried colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne Trek Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) was compared in three different laboratories with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference microdilution method by testing 2 quality control strains, 25 reproducibility strains, and 404 isolates of Candida spp. against anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. Reference MIC endpoints and YeastOne colorimetric endpoints were read after 24 h of incubation. YeastOne endpoints were determined to be the lowest concentration at which the color in the well changed from red (positive, indicating growth) to blue (negative, indicating no growth). Excellent essential agreement (within 2 dilutions) between the reference and colorimetric MICs was observed. Overall agreement was 100% for all three agents. Categorical agreement ranged from 99.3% (anidulafungin) to 100% (caspofungin, micafungin) and interlaboratory reproducibility was 99%. The YeastOne colorimetric method appears to be comparable to the CLSI reference method for testing the susceptibility of Candida spp. to the echinocandins anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin.
Exploiting the palladium[0]-catalysed Ullmann cross-coupling reaction in natural products chemistry: application to a total synthesis of the alkaloid (±)-aspidospermidine (2004)

Azide 14, available through the title cross-coupling process, has been converted, via the ring-fused aziridine 15, into the alkaloid aspidospermidine.
Cannabinoid control of neuroinflammation related to multiple sclerosis (2007)

The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa) has been known by many names but the question remains 'Can we call it medicine?' There has been renewed interest in the value of cannabis for the control of neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, where it has been shown to have some effect on spasticity and pain both experimentally and in clinical trials in humans. However, in addition to symptom control potential, the question remains whether cannabinoids can modify the neuroinflammatory element which drives relapsing neurological attacks and the accumulation of progressive disability. In experimental studies it has been recently shown that synthetic cannabinoids can affect the immune response both indirectly via CB1 receptor-mediated signalling nerve centres controlling the systemic release of immunosuppressive molecules and directly by CB2 receptor-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte and macrophage/microglial cell function. However, these immunosuppressive possibilities that would limit the frequency of relapsing attacks will probably not be realized clinically, following use of medical cannabis, due to dose constraints. However, cannabinoids may still affect the glial response within the damaged central nervous system, which facilitate the slow, neurodegenerative processes that account for progressive neurodegeneration, and therefore may have utility in addition to value of cannabis-related drugs for symptom control.
Die Olefinmetathese in der organischen Synthese (1997)

Abstract Übergangsmetallkatalysierte C‐C‐Verknüpfungen gehören zu den wichtigsten Reaktionen in der organischen Synthese. Eine interessante Reaktion aus dieser Klasse ist die Olefinmetathese, ein metallkatalysierter Austausch von Alkylidengruppen zwischen Olefinen. Die Olefinmetathese ermöglicht die Spaltung und Knüpfung von C‐C‐Doppelbindungen. Besondere funktionelle Gruppen sind dabei nicht erforderlich. Obwohl die durch eine Vielzahl von Übergangsmetallen katalysierte Reaktion industriell genutzt wird, lag ihr Potential für die organische Synthese lange Zeit weitgehend brach. Daß dieser Dornröschenschlaf vor kurzem ein jähes Ende fand, hat mehrere Gründe. So ermöglichen neue Katalysatoren die Umsetzung hochfunktionalisierter und sterisch anspruchsvoller Olefine unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen und in hohen Ausbeuten. Ein verbessertes Verständnis der Substrat‐Katalysator‐Wechselwirkungen hat wesentlich dazu beigetragen, daß sich die Olefinmetathese derzeit als Synthesemethode etabliert. Außer der Herstellung von Polymeren mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften eröffnet die Metathese heute auch neue Zugänge zu komplexen niedermolekularen Verbindungen. Die bereits hochentwickelte Ringschlußmetathese bewährt sich als Schlüsselschritt in der Synthese einer wachsenden Zahl von Naturstoffen. Zugleich zeichnen sich für neuentwickelte bimolekulare Metathesevarianten interessante Anwendungen ab. Fortschritte bei der selektiven gekreuzten Metathese acyclischer Olefine lassen ebenso wie vielversprechende Ansätze zur Einbeziehung von Alkinen eine weiterhin lebhafte Entwicklung der Metathesechemie erwarten.
<title>Discrete Actuator Deformable Mirror</title> (1979)

A discrete actuator deformable surface device, which provides as much as 12 &mu;m of surface deformation using &plusmn; 1 KV, has been developed at Itek. The discrete actuator device, made from bonded layers of piezoelectric disks, has been continuously exercised for a period of several hundred hours. No change in surface figure was observed, even using a dilatation level of 6 microns. By employing both optical and electrical techniques, the fundamental mechanical resonance has been measured and found to depend upon the boundary condition in a complicated manner.
Heterogeneity in induced heat resistance and its relation to synthesis of stress proteins in rat tumor cell clones. (1984)

Tumor cell clones isolated from a rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma and its spontaneous metastases were heterogeneous in their survival responses to continuous 42 degrees heating. Clones MTLn3 and MTF7 had similar initial survival responses; they were significantly less sensitive than clone MTC. Following the first decrease in survival, different magnitudes of induced thermal resistance were observed. When ratios of the first and resistant slopes of survival curves were compared (the thermotolerance ratio), the order of induced thermal resistance was MTLn3 greater than MTF7 greater than MTC. These clones were compared for the rates of synthesis of heat stress proteins (HSP). The same four major HSP at Mr 112,000, 90,000, 70,000, and 22,000 were induced or enhanced in all 3 clones. The rates of synthesis of these HSP were analyzed through a unique system of computer-assisted video densitometry and digitization. When all 4 HSP were analyzed as a group, the rates were significantly different (p less than 0.017), and the rank order of rates of synthesis was significant with MTLn3 greater than MTF7 greater than MTC. Induction kinetics of the individual HSP were different. Individually, the HSP at Mr 112,000, 90,000, and 22,000 were synthesized at significantly different rates between clones (p less than 0.001) but the Mr 70,000 HSP was not. Absolute total protein synthesis was highest for clone MTLn3, and MTF7 was higher than MTC but only marginally. Although absolute accumulations of these HSP could not be directly compared between these clones, the higher rates of HSP synthesis in these tumor cell clones correlated with more thermal resistance. These data support the working hypothesis that one or more of these HSP have a direct role in the mechanism(s) for inducing thermal resistance in rat tumor cells, but other factors such as total protein synthesis could modify the complex bio-chemical and phenotypic pathways involved in induced HSP and thermal resistance.
Development of a Brake System for Lightweight Vehicle (2006)

With a growing demand for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions, lightweight vehicles have gained strong attention in current automotive industry. This paper discusses the development of a brake system for a lightweight vehicle that has significant weight variations. A conventional brake system was first designed and its performance was assessed. In order to improve the brake efficiency and prevent wheel lockup under all loading cases, antilock brake system (ABS) is proposed in which a wheel slip controller based on sliding mode control and a solenoid valve actuator is modeled. In the wheel slip controller, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was used to monitor the brake forces and a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was applied to control the solenoid valve. The overall brake performance was evaluated through simulation of 8 DOF nonlinear vehicle model. The proposed brake system showed significant improvement in brake efficiency.
VDAC Genes Expression and Regulation in Mammals (2021)

VDACs are pore-forming proteins, coating the mitochondrial outer membrane, and playing the role of main regulators for metabolites exchange between cytosol and mitochondria. In mammals, three isoforms have evolutionary originated, VDAC1, VDAC2, and VDAC3. Despite similarity in sequence and structure, evidence suggests different biological roles in normal and pathological conditions for each isoform. We compared <i>Homo sapiens</i> and <i>Mus musculus</i> VDAC genes and their regulatory elements. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis shows that VDAC isoforms are expressed in human and mouse tissues at different levels with a predominance of VDAC1 and VDAC2 over VDAC3, with the exception of reproductive system. Numerous transcript variants for each isoform suggest specific context-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of VDAC core promoters has highlighted that, both in a human and a mouse, VDAC genes show features of TATA-less ones. The level of CG methylation of the human VDAC genes revealed that VDAC1 promoter is less methylated than other two isoforms. We found that expression of VDAC genes is mainly regulated by transcription factors involved in controlling cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and bioenergetic metabolism. A non-canonical initiation site termed "the TCT/TOP motif," the target for translation regulation by the mTOR pathway, was identified in human VDAC2 and VDAC3 and in every murine VDACs promoter. In addition, specific TFBSs have been identified in each VDAC promoter, supporting the hypothesis that there is a partial functional divergence. These data corroborate our experimental results and reinforce the idea that gene regulation could be the key to understanding the evolutionary specialization of VDAC isoforms.
Chapitre IV. La « préparation à la mort », de la crainte aux « Saints Désirs » (1978)

« Souffrir et mourir sont la devise du chrétien » Le P. Gaspard terrasson Sermon pour le mercredi des Cendres « Languir, désirer et mourir » lasne d’aiguebelle La Religion du Cœur Que de terreurs ! mais quelles consolations ! La révélation chrétienne a arraché à la mort sa victoire ; et l’on comprend que le pieux P.-J. de Haitze ait vu avec scandale la procession de la Fête-Dieu à Aix tourner à l’ostentation de la mort sur les...
Studies on Im-3-type KSbO3 using high pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy (2018)

In situ X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering experiments using a diamond anvil cell revealed that Im-3-type KSbO3 remains stable up to 40.5 GPa with a bulk modulus K0 = 101.6 (7) GPa. Rietveld structure refinements and mode Grüneisen parameters suggested that the stability mechanism of this three-dimensional cubic tunnel structure was attributed to the isotropic compression for all types of Sb–O bonding in the unit of SbO6 octahedron. Isotropic structure adjustment with external pressure reflected the nature that Im-3-type KSbO3 model structure has a high ionic tolerance with a change in the chemical pressure in the isomorphous substitutions.
Synthesis, characterization and visible light photocatalytic activity of Cr3+, Ce3+and N co-doped TiO2for the degradation of humic acid (2015)

The synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Cr<sup>3+</sup>and Ce<sup>3+</sup>co-doped TiON (N-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>) for the degradation of humic acid with exposure to visible light is reported.
Current Epidemiology and Emerging Interventions for People With Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders (2011)

This issue of the Journal features several excellent examples of dual diagnosis research. These include four studies of rates and clinical characteristics in specific populations, two pilot studies...
Acute plasma volume expansion alters the hormonal response to prolonged dynamic exercise. (1999)

808 The role of the increase in plasma volume, characteristically observed with short-term endurance training on the endocrine response to exercise has not been well established. To investigate the influence of acute plasma volume expansion on blood hormonal response eight untrained males (VO2max=3.52±0.12 l·min−1) performed 90 min of cycle ergometry at 60% VO2max twice. They were infused with a PV expanding solution (EXP) [Dextran (6%) or Pentispan (10%)] (6.7 ml·kg−1) on one condition or received nothing (CONT) on another. EXP resulted in a calculated 15.8% increase (P<0.05) in plasma volume. The prolonged exercise resulted in increases (P<0.05) in plasma; vasopressin (AVP), renin (REN), aldosterone (ALD), atrial naturetic peptide (ANP), and glucagon and decreases (P<0.05) in plasma insulin regardless of condition. EXP blunted the decrease in both AVP and glucagon at all time points (P<0.05), while potentiating the increase in ANP at all points (P<0.05), as compared to CONT. ALD and REN were significantly lower at 30, 60, and 90 min during EXP as compared to CONT. These results suggest that PV expansion can induce extensive alterations in the endocrine response to prolonged exercise. The specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Supported by NSERC (Canada).
Modified Crown Ether Catalysts. 4. Cleavage of Macrocyclic Ethers by Eaton's Reagent (Methanesulfonic Acid / Phosphorous Pentoxide) (1981)

Eaton's reagent (methanesulfonic acid/ohosohorous pentoxide) i s a superior media f o r the a c y l a t i o n o f benzo crown ether comoounds.Benzo-15-crown-5 was cleaved i n Eaton's reagent t o form methansulfonate esters of the g l y c o l cleavage oroducts.A comparison o f the NMR spectrum o f the cleavage oroducts w i t h those o f some of the oossible products showed t h a t the a l i p h a t i c glycols formed the major p o r t i o n o f the cleavage Droducts.W e have been i n t e r e s t e d i n fonninn s u b s t i t u t e d crown ether^^-^ and i n t h e i r use as phase transfer agents.'W e observed t h a t Eaton's reagent,5 a s o l u t i o n o f methanesulfonic a c i d i n phosphorous pen-
Ingredients of Shuanghuanglian injection powderpermeation through placental barrier of rat in pregnancy (2010)

Baicalin is the main compound of SHL through placental barriers of rats. Embryotoxicity of baicalin should be considered as the key point to evaluate the safety of SHL.
Natural Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis (1998)

For the purpose of finding nontoxic cancer preventive agents, we studied natural products derived from marine and plant sources. The following compounds inhibited tumor promotion on mouse skin in two-stage carcinogenesis experiments: two marine natural products and four plant natural products. Among these natural inhibitors, we suggest green tea as a cancer preventive in humans. This chapter reviews our basic study on cancer preventive agents derived from natural sources.
Comparing Highly Ordered Monolayers of Nanoparticles Fabricated Using Electrophoretic Deposition: Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles versus Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2015)

Ordered assemblies of nanoparticles remain challenging to fabricate, yet could open the door to many potential applications of nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that locally ordered arrays of nanoparticles, using electrophoretic deposition, can be extended to produce long-range order among the constituents. Voronoi tessellations along with multiple statistical analyses show dramatic increases in order compared with previously reported assemblies formed through electric field-assisted assembly. As a result, based on subsequent physical measurements of the nanoparticles and the deposition system, the underlying mechanisms that generate increased order are inferred.
Microstrip aperture-coupled antenna design for in-space power reception experiment using nano-sized satellite (2015)

The concept of space solar power (SSP) satellites has been around since 1968 and is the vision of placing huge satellites (on the order of 1 square kilometer) into geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) to harvest gigawatts of the suns radiant energy and transmit it to Earth where it is collected and converted to usable direct current (dc) power by a rectifying antenna (rectenna) array (larger than the transmitting satellite) and injected into the electrical grid. Yet over 40 years later there is still no operational SSP due to the economics and associated risks, public awareness, political agendas and from lack of demonstrations to these audiences.
A New Injection Threat on S7-1500 PLCs - Disrupting the Physical Process Offline (2022)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are increasingly connected and integrated into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for a better network connectivity and a more streamlined control process. But in fact, this brings also its security challenges and exposes them to various cyber-attacks targeting the physical process controlled by such devices. In this work, we investigate whether the newest S7 PLCs are vulnerable by design and can be exploited. In contrast to the typical control logic injection attacks existing in the research community, which require from adversaries to be online along the ongoing attack, this article introduces a new exploit strategy that aims at disrupting the physical process controlled by the infected PLC when adversaries are not connected neither to the target nor to its network at the point zero for the attack. Our exploit approach is comprised of two steps: 1) Patching the PLC with a malicious <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Time-of-Day</i> interrupt block once an attacker gains access to an exposed PLC, 2) Triggering the interrupt at a later time on the attacker will, when he is disconnected to the system’s network. For a real attack scenario, we implemented our attack approach on a Fischertechnik training system based on S7-1500 PLC using the latest version of S7CommPlus protocol. Our experimental results showed that we could keep the patched interrupt block in idle mode and hidden in the PLC memory for a long time without being revealed before being activated at the specific date and time that the attacker defined. Finally, we suggested some potential security recommendations to protect industrial environments from such a threat.