gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effector cell expression of NK1.1, a murine natural killer cell-specific molecule, and ability of mice to reject bone marrow allografts. (1989)

The rejection of Hh-1 incompatible bone marrow cells in irradiated mice is mediated by NK cells and is genetically regulated. We tested the role of the NK-specific gene, NK1.1, in regulating the rejection of allogeneic bone marrow cell grafts. NK1.1+ mice, that are known to display strong resistance against Hh-1 incompatible grafts, were crossed to H-2/Hh-1 identical NK1.1-, poor responder mice, and the progeny were backcrossed to the poor responder parent. The segregating mice were individually typed for their expression of NK1.1 and the ability to resist Hh-1 incompatible bone marrow cells (BMC). A strong correlation was noted between expression of NK1.1 and rejection of H-2d/Hh-1d BMC. Our results support the idea that NK1.1 is one of the genes responsible for strong resistance to Hh-1d (determinant 2) but not for Hh-1j (determinant 3) BMC grafts. We suggest that the NK1.1 molecule functions as an accessory molecule in the cellular interactions involving the recognition of Hh-1 determinants.
Annual block scheduling for family medicine residency programs with continuity clinic considerations (2016)

This article presents a new model for constructing annual block schedules for family medicine residents based on the rules and procedures followed by the Family Medicine Department at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (UTHSC-SA). Such residency programs provide 3 years of specialty training for recent medical school graduates. At the beginning of each academic year, each trainee is given an annual block schedule that indicates his or her monthly assignments. These assignments are called rotations and include a variety of experiences, such as pediatric ambulatory care, the emergency room, and inpatient surgery. An important requirement associated with a subset of the rotations is that the residents spend multiple half-day sessions a week in a primary care clinic treating patients from the community. This is a key consideration when constructing the annual block schedules. In particular, one of the primary goals of most residencies is to ensure that the number of residents in clinic each day is approximately the same, so that the number of patients that can be seen each day is also the same. Uniformity provides for a more efficient use of supervisory and staff resources. The difficulty in achieving this goal is that not all rotations allow for clinic duty and that the number of patients that can be seen by a resident each session depends on his or her year of training. When constructing annual block schedules, two high-level sets of variables are available to the program coordinator. The first is the assignment of residents to rotations for each of the 12 blocks, and the second is the (partial) ability to adjust the days on which a resident has clinic duty during each rotation. In approaching the problem, our aim was to redesign the current rotations while giving all residents a 12-month schedule that concurrently (i) balances the number of patients that can be seen in the clinic during each half-day session and (ii) minimizes the number of adjustments necessary to achieve the first objective. The problem was formulated as a mixed-integer program; however, it proved too difficult to solve exactly. As an alternative, several optimization-based heuristics were developed that yielded good feasible solutions. The model and computations are illustrated with data provided by the Family Medicine Department at UTHSC-SA for a typical academic year.
Evolution of an Ancient Venom: Recognition of a Novel Family of Cnidarian Toxins and the Common Evolutionary Origin of Sodium and Potassium Neurotoxins in Sea Anemone (2015)

Despite Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) being the oldest venomous animal lineage, structure-function relationships, phyletic distributions, and the molecular evolutionary regimes of toxins encoded by these intriguing animals are poorly understood. Hence, we have comprehensively elucidated the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of pharmacologically characterized cnidarian toxin families, including peptide neurotoxins (voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) channel-targeting toxins: NaTxs and KTxs, respectively), pore-forming toxins (actinoporins, aerolysin-related toxins, and jellyfish toxins), and the newly discovered small cysteine-rich peptides (SCRiPs). We show that despite long evolutionary histories, most cnidarian toxins remain conserved under the strong influence of negative selection-a finding that is in striking contrast to the rapid evolution of toxin families in evolutionarily younger lineages, such as cone snails and advanced snakes. In contrast to the previous suggestions that implicated SCRiPs in the biomineralization process in corals, we demonstrate that they are potent neurotoxins that are likely involved in the envenoming function, and thus represent the first family of neurotoxins from corals. We also demonstrate the common evolutionary origin of type III KTxs and NaTxs in sea anemones. We show that type III KTxs have evolved from NaTxs under the regime of positive selection, and likely represent a unique evolutionary innovation of the Actinioidea lineage. We report a correlation between the accumulation of episodically adaptive sites and the emergence of novel pharmacological activities in this rapidly evolving neurotoxic clade.
Isolation of 34 kDa protein from spinach chloroplasts having ferrooxidase and H2O2-dependent dark O2 evolution activities. (1991)

A latent form of 'Ferrooxidase' exhibiting ferrocyanide-dependent O2 uptake was detected in the isolated spinach chloroplasts. Presence of a cationic detergent hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in the medium was essential to induce this activity. The association of this enzyme activity with photosystem II (PSII) particles as well as the ability of PSII particles to show oxidation of H2O2 (catalase like activity) indicated its possible relationship with water oxidation system. The protein catalysing this activity was purified to homogeneity and its molecular mass was found to be 34 kDa. The purified protein showed a complete dependence on an electron acceptor, namely ferricyanide, for the oxidation of H2O2. While with ferrocyanide in the presence of CTAB, the protein exhibits the ferrooxidase activity. For both activities, a sharp pH optima at 6.1 was observed. The km for H2O2 was 12.2 mM. The purified enzyme protein contained 4 atoms of calcium and 2 atoms of iron per mole of the enzyme. Unlike catalase, the enzyme reaction was insensitive to sodium azide even at 500 microM concentration. The enzyme was found to be sensitive to metal chelators like ethylene-glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether) N, N+ tetra acetic acid (EGTA) (2mM), alpha,alpha-dipyridyl (500 microM) and 1,10-orthophenanthroline (200 microM). The sensitivity of the reaction to alpha,alpha-dipyridyl and 1,10-orthophenanthroline suggested the involvement of Fe2+ in the reaction. Inhibition of enzyme activity by EGTA and restoration of activity by supplementation of CaCl2 to the EGTA-dialysed sample confirmed the absolute requirement for calcium for this activity. Calcium was absent in the EGTA-dialysed enzyme. Apart from these inhibitors, NaF and NH2OH were potent inhibitors of the enzyme reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Method for Incubating Leaf Tissue to Study Decomposition in Streams (1978)

Discs of leaf tissue in mesh bags were incubated inside black plastic tubes secured to the stream bottom. The method minimizes losses of samples due to severe winter conditions and is easier to use than leaf packs or decomposition boxes.
Synthesis of Quinolone-Fused Multi-ring-Sized Heterocycles via Combined Claisen Rearrangement/Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions (2003)

Synthetic strategy on 4-quinolone nucleus coupling aza-Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis was developed. Thus, quinolone-fused multiring-sized oxygen heterocycles 5a-c were prepared from 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4(1H)-quinolone (1). According to the same strategy, azepino[2,3-f]quinolone derivative 9 was synthesised from triflate 6.
Picosecond infrared-continuum generation by three-photon parametric amplification in LiNbO_3 (1979)

Picosecond infrared continua are produced by propagating an intense ultrashort 1.064-microm pulse through a LiNbO(3) crystal set near the degenerate point. Under our experimental conditions, gain broadening is identified as the principal mechanism leading to the superbroad spectral output.
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, een fauna-element van de Noordzeemammoetfauna? (2020)

Dit artikel presenteert een onderkaakfragment van een wolvenpup (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) dat gevonden werd op de Zandmotor tussen Monster en Kijkduin en met de 14C-methode gedateerd is op 47,6 - 42,1 duizend jaar geleden. Het is het derde gedateerde fossiel van een wolf uit het Nederlandse Noordzeegebied, en daarom een belangrijke bevestiging dat de wolf inderdaad deel uitmaakte van de laat-pleistocene mammoetfauna in het Noordzeegebied. Het artikel plaatst de vondst in de context van recente ontdekkingen van wolvenpups in de permafrost van Canada en Siberië en vooral van eerdere vondsten van wolven in Nederland en uit de Noordzee, waarvan de ouderdom doorgaans ingeschat werd op basis van kleur en fossilisatiegraad.
Cognitive decline is associated with an accelerated rate of bone loss and increased fracture risk in women: a prospective study from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (2021)

Cognitive decline and osteoporosis often coexist and some evidence suggests a causal link. However, there are no data on the longitudinal relationship between cognitive decline, bone loss and fracture risk, independent of aging. This study aimed to determine the association between: (i) cognitive decline and bone loss; and (ii) clinically significant cognitive decline (≥3 points) on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) over the first 5 years and subsequent fracture risk over the following 10 years. A total of 1741 women and 620 men aged ≥65 years from the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study were followed from 1997 to 2013. Association between cognitive decline and (i) bone loss was estimated using mixed-effects models; and (ii) fracture risk was estimated using adjusted Cox models. Over 95% of participants had normal cognition at baseline (MMSE ≥ 24). The annual % change in MMSE was similar for both genders (women -0.33, interquartile range [IQR] -0.70 to +0.00; and men -0.34, IQR: -0.99 to 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, cognitive decline was associated with bone loss in women (6.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2% to 9.9% for each percent decline in MMSE from baseline) but not men. Approximately 13% of participants experienced significant cognitive decline by year 5. In women, fracture risk was increased significantly (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.34). There were too few men to analyze. There was a significant association between cognitive decline and both bone loss and fracture risk, independent of aging, in women. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms that link these common conditions. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Effect of UV Irradiation on the Growth of ZnO:Er Nanorods and Their Intrinsic Defects (2023)

Nanorods of erbium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Er) were fabricated using a hydrothermal method. One batch was prepared with and another one without constant ultraviolet (UV) irradiation applied during the growth. The nanorods were free-standing (FS) as well as deposited onto a fused silica glass substrate (GS). The goal was to study the atomistic aspects influencing the charge transport of ZnO nanoparticles, especially considering the differences between the FS and GS samples. We focused on the excitons; the intrinsic defects, such as zinc interstitials, zinc vacancies, and related shallow donors; and the conduction electrons. UV irradiation was applied for the first time during the ZnO:Er nanorod growth. This led to almost total exciton and zinc vacancy luminescence reduction, and the number of shallow donors was strongly suppressed in the GS samples. The effect was much less pronounced in the FS rods. Moreover, the exciton emission remained unchanged there. At the same time, the Er3+ content was decreased in the FS particles grown under constant UV irradiation while Er3+ was not detected in the GS particles at all. These phenomena are explained.
Catalytic Properties of Double Substituted Lanthanum Cobaltite Nanostructured Coatings Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (2019)

Lanthanum perovskites are promising candidates to replace platinum group metal (PGM), especially regarding catalytic oxidation reactions. We have prepared thin catalytic coatings of Sr and Ag doped lanthanum perovskite by using the cathodic co-sputtering magnetron method in reactive condition. Such development of catalytic films may optimize the surface/bulk ratio to save raw materials, since a porous coating can combine a large exchange surface with the gas phase with an extremely low loading. The sputtering deposition process was optimized to generate crystallized and thin perovskites films on alumina substrates. We found that high Ag contents has a strong impact on the morphology of the coatings. High Ag loadings favor the growth of covering films with a porous wire-like morphology showing a good catalytic activity for CO oxidation. The most active composition displays similar catalytic performances than those of a Pt film. In addition, this porous coating is also efficient for CO and NO oxidation in a simulated Diesel exhaust gas mixture, demonstrating the promising catalytic properties of such nanostructured thin sputtered perovskite films.
Fungal translocation measured by serum 1,3‐ß‐D‐glucan correlates with severity and outcome of liver cirrhosis—A pilot study (2023)

We observed trends for increased fungal translocation depending on the severity of liver cirrhosis, an association of BDG with an inflammatory environment and the adverse effects of BDG on disease outcome. In order to gain more in-depth knowledge about (fungal-)dysbiosis and its detrimental consequences in the setting of liver cirrhosis, these trends need to be studied in more detail including prospective sequential testing in larger cohorts together with mycobiome analyses. This will further elucidate complex host-pathogen interactions and potentially introduce points of application for therapeutic interventions.
Oxidant sensor in the cGMP-binding pocket of PKGIα regulates nitroxyl-mediated kinase activity (2017)

Despite the mechanisms for endogenous nitroxyl (HNO) production and action being incompletely understood, pharmacological donors show broad therapeutic promise and are in clinical trials. Mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis showed that chemically distinct HNO donors 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate or Angeli's salt induced disulfides within cGMP-dependent protein kinase I-alpha (PKGIα), an interdisulfide between Cys42 of the two identical subunits of the kinase and a previously unobserved intradisulfide between Cys117 and Cys195 in the high affinity cGMP-binding site. Kinase activity was monitored in cells transfected with wildtype (WT), Cys42Ser or Cys117/195Ser PKGIα that cannot form the inter- or intradisulfide, respectively. HNO enhanced WT kinase activity, an effect significantly attenuated in inter- or intradisulfide-deficient PKGIα. To investigate whether the intradisulfide modulates cGMP binding, real-time imaging was performed in vascular smooth muscle cells expressing a FRET-biosensor comprising the cGMP-binding sites of PKGIα. HNO induced FRET changes similar to those elicited by an increase of cGMP, suggesting that intradisulfide formation is associated with activation of PKGIα. Intradisulfide formation in PKGIα correlated with enhanced HNO-mediated vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries in vitro and arteriolar dilation in vivo in mice. HNO induces intradisulfide formation in PKGIα, inducing the same effect as cGMP binding, namely kinase activation and thus vasorelaxation.
High Speed Nanoantenna Thermopiles for Long-Wave Infrared Detection (2020)

We study thermoelectric signal generation by suspended nanoantenna thermopiles in response to amplitude-modulated long-wave infrared radiation. We experimentally demonstrate response times on the order of a few μs with a signal bandwidth of about 200 kHz. Analytical calculation and simulation results show that the limiting factor of the response time is not the inverse RC time constant of the array but rather the thermal response of the nanostructure.
C-12 Measurement of 3-axis Stress Distribution at Human Sole on Slopes by MEMS 3-axis Force Sensors (2014)

We proposed an improved measurement system of 3-axis stress distribution at a human sole by using small and thin 3-axis force sensors. These sensors were placed on the left shoe's insole at 8 points where are the thenar, hallux, the root of middle toe, hypothenar, the base of fifth metatarsal bone, both sides of heel, and the rear end of heel. By using the improved measurement system, the 3-axis stress distribution was measured in level walking and going up and down the slopes. Measured stresses around the heel at the heel striking in going up and down the slopes were smaller and bigger than those in level walking, respectively. In contrast, measured stresses at the forefoot except the hallux at the toe off in going up and down the slopes were bigger and smaller than those in level walking, respectively. Measured normal stresses at the hallux at the toe off were almost the same value in spite of the angle of the road surface.
06171 Abstracts Collection – Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

From 23.04.06 to 28.04.06, the Dagstuhl Seminar 06171 `Content-Based Retrieval'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
GRAVITY SETTLING OF HANFORD SINGLE-SHELL TANK SLUDGES (1999)

ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Energy plans to use gravity settling in million-gallon storage tanks while pretreating sludge on the Hanford site. To be considered viable in these large tanks, the supernatant must become clear, and the sludge must be concentrated in an acceptable time. These separations must occur over the wide range of conditions associated with sludge pretreatment. In the work reported here, gravity settling was studied with liter quantities of actual single-shell tank sludge from Hanford Tank 241-C-107. Because of limited sludge availability, an approach was developed using the results of these liter-scale tests to predict full-scale operation. Samples were centrifuged at various g-forces to simulate compaction with higher layers of sludge. A semi-empirical settling model was then developed incorporating both the liter-scale settling data and the centrifuge compression results to describe the sludge behavior in a million-gallon tank. The settling model predicted that the compacted slud...
Complementary Expression of Two Plastid-Localized ς-Like Factors in Maize (2000)

The eubacterial-like RNA polymerase of plastids is composed of organelle-encoded core subunits and nuclear-encoded sigma-factors. Families of sigma-like factors (SLFs) have been identified in several plants, including maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis. In vitro import assays determined that at least two of the maize sigma-like proteins have functional chloroplast transit peptides and thus are likely candidates for chloroplast transcriptional regulators. However, the roles of individual SLFs in chloroplast transcription remain to be determined. We have raised antibodies against the unique amino-terminal domains of two maize SLFs, ZmSig1 and ZmSig3, and have used these specific probes to examine the accumulation of each protein in different maize tissues and during chloroplast development. The expression of ZmSig1 is tissue specific and parallels the light-activated chloroplast development program in maize seedling leaves. Its accumulation in mature chloroplasts however, is not affected by subsequent changes in the light regime. It is interesting that the expression profile of ZmSig3 is complementary to that of ZmSig1. It accumulates in non-green tissues, including roots, etiolated seedling leaves, and the basal region of greening seedling leaves. The nonoverlapping expression patterns of these two plastid-localized SLFs suggest that they may direct differential expression of plastid genes during chloroplast development.
Flocculation of a High-Turbidity Kaolin Suspension Using Hydrophobic Modified Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polyacrylamide (2019)

In this work, a novel cationic polyacrylamide (PAMD) was synthesized by acrylamide (AM) diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMD) and dodecyl polyglucoside (DPL) under low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) initiation. The intrinsic viscosity and cationic degree of PAMD were optimized in copolymerization. The optimum synthesis conditions that affect polymerization were determined to be solid content 30%, DPL content 25%, DMD content 30%, illumination time 135 min, and pH 9. The flocculation performance of flocculant PAMD with a high cationic degree was investigated in the purification of high-turbidity water. The flocculation mechanism was correspondingly studied and summarized based on Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis. Finally, the results of an experimental simulation using the response surface method show that 98.9% supernatant transmittance was achieved under dosage 4 mg/L, fast stirring time 20 min, pH 7, and stirring speed 320 rpm.
New synthetic opportunities using Lewis acidic phosphines (2002)

Phosphines are traditional Lewis bases or ligands in transition metal complexes. In spite of their electron-rich (lone pair bearing) nature, an extensive coordination chemistry is developing for Lewis acidic phosphines, which highlights a new synthetic methodology leading to new structure and bonding.
Subspace Exploration (2021)

Given an <i>n</i> × <i>d</i> dimensional dataset <i>A</i>, a projection query specifies a subset <i>C</i> ⊆ [<i>d</i>] of columns which yields a new <i>n</i> × |<i>C</i>| array. We study the space complexity of computing data analysis functions over such subspaces, including heavy hitters and norms, when the subspaces are revealed only after observing the data. We show that this important class of problems is typically hard: for many problems, we show 2<sup>Ω(<i>d</i>)</sup> lower bounds. However, we present upper bounds which demonstrate space dependency better than 2 <i><sup>d</sup></i> . That is, for <i>c, c</i>' ∈ (0, 1) and a parameter <i>N</i> = 2 <i><sup>d</sup></i> an <i>N<sup>c</sup></i> -approximation can be obtained in space <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>min</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>'</mml:mo></mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , showing that it is possible to improve on the naïve approach of keeping information for all 2 <i><sup>d</sup></i> subsets of <i>d</i> columns. Our results are based on careful constructions of instances using coding theory and novel combinatorial reductions that exhibit such space-approximation tradeoffs.