gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutational analysis of active site residues in pig heart aconitase. (1992)

A cDNA encoding mature porcine heart aconitase was over-expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of a phage T7 promoter. Recombinant aconitase purified from E. coli was identical to the enzyme from pig and beef heart in size, [3Fe-4S] and [4Fe-4S] cluster structure and enzymatic activity. Nine amino acid residues in close proximity to the Fe-S cluster and bound substrate (Lauble, H., Kennedy, M.C., Beinert, H., and Stout, C.D. (1992) Biochemistry, in press) were replaced by site-directed mutagenesis. Fe-S cluster environment as indicated by the EPR spectrum, tight binding of substrate, and enzymatic activity were compared for the mutant and wild type enzymes. Significant perturbations were detected for all of the mutant enzymes. Replacements for Asp100, His101, Asp165, Arg580, and Ser642 result in a 10(3)-10(5)-fold drop in activity, which suggests that these residues are involved in critical aspects of the reaction. Arg580 appears to be a key residue for substrate binding, as shown by a 30-fold increased Km and loss of tight substrate binding. Results of mutagenesis support the interpretation of the x-ray model, namely that Asp100 and His101 form an ion pair for elimination of the substrate hydroxyl and Ser642 may function as a general base for proton abstraction from citrate or isocitrate in the dehydration step and protonation of cis-aconitate in the hydration step. Asp165 appears to play a critical role in the interaction of Fea with substrate.
Négociations et brokering dans les travaux de recherche orientée par la conception (2018)

International audience
Four-wave mixing of picosecond pulses in hollow fibers: expanding the possibilities of gas-phase analysis (2001)

Summary form only given. Our experiments have shown that the use of short light pulses allows the sensitivity of gas phase analysis based on (i) third-harmonic generation (ii) two-color difference frequency generation (DFG) /spl omega//sub DF/ = 2/spl omega//sub 1/ - /spl omega//sub 2/, and (iii) two-color sum-frequency generation /spl omega//sub SF/ = 2/spl omega//sub 1/ + /spl omega//sub 2/ in hollow fibers to be improved as compared with the nanosecond regime. The use of picosecond pulses allowed us to couple pump beams with a power density up to 10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/ into a hollow fiber, thus considerably increasing the intensity of FWM signals generated through third harmonic, sum-frequency and difference-frequency generation processes in hollow fibers as compared with the nanosecond regime. It was shown that hollow fibers permit third-harmonic and sum-frequency generation, which give zero signals in the regime of tight focusing in a medium with normal dispersion, to be employed for gas-phase monitoring and analysis.
Reducing fragmentation impact with forward knowledge in backup systems with deduplication (2015)

Deduplication of backups is very effective in saving storage, but may also cause significant restore slowdown. This problem is caused by data fragmentation, where logically continuous but duplicate data is not placed sequentially on the disk. Two types of fragmentation introduce high restore penalty: inter-version fragmentation, caused by duplicates present in multiple versions of the same backup, and internal fragmentation, caused by duplicates present in a single backup stream.
Feminising British Politics: Six Lessons from Devolution in Scotland and Wales (2012)

Modest levels of female representation at the House of Commons are in sharp contrast to the Nordic‐levels of representation achieved in the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales since devolution in 1999. One apparent advantage of devolution is the opportunity that it provides for lesson‐learning across jurisdictions. This article offers six lessons on women's political representation—three positive and three negative—drawn from the experience of devolution in Scotland and Wales. We draw conclusions from these lessons, including the need to keep parties under scrutiny to ensure they deliver on their rhetorical commitments. We also postulate that gender equality might prove too important to be left to political parties and consider whether there is a need to consider stronger measures such as mandatory quotas.
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung aus der hybriden urbanen Mikrofabrik (2020)

Kurzfassung Durch die COVID-19-Pandemie ist deutlich geworden, welche Mehrwerte eine lokale Produktion fur Bedarfsguter bietet. Eine solche Produktion fur personliche Schutzausrustung ist durch die...
Assessment of the Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Vaccine in High-Risk Populations (1981)

Vaccine-induced levels of antibody to Streptococcus pneumoniae of approximately 250-300 ng of antibody nitrogen/ml are protective against pneumococcal disease. Side effects of vaccination are not severe and are generally confined to local reactions at the site of inoculation. Patients with a documented high risk of acquiring pneumococcal disease include the elderly, especially those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease, and those with sickle cell anemia, Hodgkin's disease, a renal transplant, multiple myeloma, asplenia, and nephrotic syndrome. People with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or renal failure do not appear to be at high risk. All of these groups, except those with multiple myeloma, respond to vaccine with levels of antibody that are protective for many but not all of the serotypes included in the vaccine. Immunosuppression, splenectomy, and hemoglobinopathy depress antibody response. Duration of vaccine-induced antibody is unknown but may be shorter than that in normal persons. Preliminary guidelines for vaccination are proposed.
Biological Aspects Of Inorganic Polyphosphates (1988)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Use of Wallace Distractor in Canine Stifle Arthroscopy (2014)

The stifle is a complex joint that requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy and experience in arthroscopy. Technical difficulties are manifold, especially in chronic arthritis, when villous joint capsule hyperplasia obstructs both, the visual field and the egress cannula Another challenging feature is the presence of the sub-patellar fat pad which often obstructs the view in the already narrow field of vision. Some authors However, in the dog, sub-patellar fat pad removal during arthroscopy can provoke substantial bleeding, in turn obstructing the view Such complication may even render necessary converting arthroscopy into arthrotomy. Furthermore, and as well demonstrated even in human medicine, fat pad removal is not free from long-term complications; reported are joint inflammation and cartilage damage, persistent postoperative anterior knee pain, significant reduction of range of motion (ROM), quadriceps weakness and a significant reduction in the length of patellar tendon
Voice Level: Autophonic Scale, Perceived Loudness, and Effects of Sidetone (1961)

The speaker's numerical estimation of his own vocal level, the autophonic response, was found to grow as the 1.1 power of the actual sound pressure produced. When listeners judged the loudness of another speaker's vocalization (the phoneme [a]), the exponent was 0.7. The disparity between these exponents suggests that the speaker does not rely solely upon his perception of loudness in judging his own relative vocal level. The minor role played by loudness in the autophonic judgment is further demonstrated by the fact that the form and exponent of the subjective scale for autophonic responses remain relatively invariant under wide changes in auditory feedback. The power laws governing the autophonic response (exponent 1.1) and loudness (exponent 0.6) were used to predict successfully the outcome of cross-modality comparisons in which subjects tried to match their vocal level to sounds of various intensities presented either by loudspeaker or by earphone. The slope of the matching function, relating the criterion SPL to the vocal SPL in log-log coordinates, is given by the ratio of the two exponents. Unless the speaker tries deliberately to hold a constant level, the amount of sidetone gain with which the voice is fed back to the ears alters the voice level. The degree to which the speaker lowers his voice when the sidetone is increased is also predicted by the exponents governing the autophonic scale and the loudness scale.
Sequence Conservation of Homeologous Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes and Transcription of Homeologous Genes in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) (2006)

The paleopolyploid soybean genome was investigated by sequencing homeologous BAC clones anchored by duplicate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase (HCBT) genes. The homeologous BACs were genetically mapped to linkage groups C1 and C2. Annotation of the 173,747- and 98,760-bp BACs showed that gene conservation in both order and orientation is high between homeologous regions with only a single gene insertion/deletion and local tandem duplications differing between the regions. The nucleotide sequence conservation extends into intergenic regions as well, probably due to conserved regulatory sequences. Most of the homeologs appear to have a role in either transcription/DNA binding or cellular signaling, suggesting a potential preference for retention of duplicate genes with these functions. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of homeologs showed that in the tissues sampled, most homeologs have not diverged greatly in their transcription profiles. However, four cases of changes in transcription were identified, primarily in the HCBT gene cluster. Because a mapped locus corresponds to a soybean cyst nematode (SCN) QTL, the potential role of HCBT genes in response to SCN is discussed. These results are the first sequenced-based analysis of homeologous BACs in soybean, a diploidized paleopolyploid.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition to Chiral Open‐Chain α‐Ketoacetals: Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐mevalolactone. (1986)

Abstract Aus den Acetalen (I) erhält man mit dem (‐)‐(2S,3S)‐Butandiol (II) durch Umacetalisierung die cyclisuchen Acetale (III), die nach Oxidation zu den Carbonylverbindungen (IV) mit den Organo‐Meta11verbindungen (V) zu den Addukten (VI) und (VII) führen.
Passive Immunotherapy Protects against Enteric Invasion and Lethal Sepsis in a Murine Model of Gastrointestinal Anthrax (2015)

The principal portal for anthrax infection in natural animal outbreaks is the digestive tract. Enteric exposure to anthrax, which is difficult to detect or prevent in a timely manner, could be exploited as an act of terror through contamination of human or animal food. Our group has developed a novel animal model of gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax for evaluation of disease pathogenesis and experimental therapeutics, utilizing vegetative Bacillus anthracis (Sterne strain) administered to A/J mice (a complement-deficient strain) by oral gavage. We hypothesized that a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) * that neutralizes the protective antigen (PA) component of B. anthracis lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) could be an effective treatment. Although the efficacy of this anti-anthrax PA mAb has been shown in animal models of inhalational anthrax, its activity in GI infection had not yet been ascertained. We hereby demonstrate that passive immunotherapy with anti-anthrax PA mAb, administered at the same time as gastrointestinal exposure to B. anthracis, prevents lethal sepsis in nearly all cases (>90%), while a delay of up to forty-eight hours in treatment still greatly reduces mortality following exposure (65%). Moreover, passive immunotherapy protects against enteric invasion, associated mucosal injury and subsequent dissemination by gastrointestinal B. anthracis, indicating that it acts to prevent the initial stages of infection. * Expired raxibacumab being cycled off the Strategic National Stockpile; biological activity confirmed by in vitro assay.
Hazard assessment of oil spills along the main shipping lane in the Red Sea (2021)

This study investigates the risk from oil spills along the main shipping lane in the Red Sea based upon oil spill model trajectories forced by the outputs of validated high resolution regional met-ocean data. Following the intra-annual variations in the met-ocean conditions, the results are presented by classifying the basin into three regions: northern, central and southern Red Sea. The maximum distance traveled by the slick is presented for 1, 2, 5, 10, 14 and 20 days after the commencement of a spill. Different measures of hazard assessment in terms of the concentration of beached oil alongside the corresponding probability maps are also analyzed. The volume fractions of beached, dispersed and evaporated oil, 20 days after the commencement of a spill are quantified. The Red Sea general circulation is characterized by rich mesoscale eddies, which appear to be the most prevailing dynamics in oil transport in the basin. Two case events are analyzed to closely examine the effects of the mesoscale circulations on the fate of spilled oil. The results of this study provide a comprehensive assessment of oil spill hazards in the Red Sea, stemming its main shipping lane and identifies the areas at high risk that require timely mitigation strategies.
Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Notch1 in lung. (2009)

This study demonstrated that the Notch1 signal might play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma by its involvement in Th1/Th2 differentiation.
Immersive Group-to-Group Telepresence (2013)

We present a novel immersive telepresence system that allows distributed groups of users to meet in a shared virtual 3D world. Our approach is based on two coupled projection-based multi-user setups, each providing multiple users with perspectively correct stereoscopic images. At each site the users and their local interaction space are continuously captured using a cluster of registered depth and color cameras. The captured 3D information is transferred to the respective other location, where the remote participants are virtually reconstructed. We explore the use of these virtual user representations in various interaction scenarios in which local and remote users are face-to-face, side-by-side or decoupled. Initial experiments with distributed user groups indicate the mutual understanding of pointing and tracing gestures independent of whether they were performed by local or remote participants. Our users were excited about the new possibilities of jointly exploring a virtual city, where they relied on a world-in-miniature metaphor for mutual awareness of their respective locations.
Small lipopeptides possess anti-biofilm capability comparable to daptomycin and vancomycin (2015)

Antibiotic resistance, to a large extent, is related to the formation of bacterial biofilms. Thus, compounds with anti-biofilm capability are of practical importance. Inspired by the recent discovery of two amino acid lipopeptides from marine bacteria, we constructed a family of small lipopeptides with 2-3 amino acids. While no antimicrobial activity was found for anionic lipopeptides, cationic candidates are potent against Staphylococcus strains, such as methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) USA200, USA300, USA400, UAMS-1, Newman, and Mu50. In the simplest design, two lysines (C14-KK) or three arginines (C14-RRR) attached to an acyl chain of 14 carbons were sufficient to make the compounds antimicrobial. These simple lipopeptides are inherently stable towards <i>S. aureus</i> V8 proteinase and fungal proteinase K, more soluble in water, and more selective than other lipopeptides containing a mixture of hydrophobic and cationic amino acids. Furthermore, the activity of C14-RRR was not compromised by salts, serum, or a change in pH. Live cell experiments revealed that these lipopeptides, with a detergent-like structure, killed bacteria rapidly by targeting cell membranes. Importantly, these compounds were also able to inhibit biofilm formation and could even disrupt preformed biofilms of clinically relevant MRSA strains with an in vitro efficacy comparable to daptomycin and vancomycin. These results indicate that small lipopeptides are potentially useful candidates for preventing or eliminating bacterial biofilms alone or in combination with daptomycin or vancomycin.
Adaptive wireless network multi-objective optimization algorithm based on image synthesis (2018)

Multi-objective optimization problems can be divided into continuous multi-objective optimization problems and discrete multi-objective optimization problems, and discrete multi-objective optimization is not universal. In practical applications, there are many discrete multi-objective optimization problems. The solution of different problems needs to design different evolutionary multi-objective algorithms according to their specific conditions. The threshold in the traditional multi-objective optimization of wireless network is a preset constant. It has relatively poor performance in the synthesis of images with different noise levels. An adaptive wireless network multi-objective optimization algorithm based on image synthesis is proposed. Based on the maximum inter class variance and maximum peak signal to noise ratio (SNR), an adaptive wireless network multi-objective optimization algorithm is established. The accuracy and noise immunity of image synthesis are also considered. In order to avoid the effect of threshold increase on algorithm efficiency, multi-objective optimization algorithm is introduced into the algorithm. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper is accurate and robust and has good universality for the synthesis of different noise images.
Methodology and Determination of Field of View of Neutron and Gamma Detectors in the Atucha Spent Fuel Storage Pool (2023)

In this paper we seek to create a model by determining the field of view (FOV) of a detector (i.e. which assemblies contribute to the detector response) in the Atucha-I spent fuel pool. The FOV is determined by solving the adjoint transport equation using the 3-D, parallel PENTRAN (Parallel Environment Neutral-particle TRANsport) Sn code, with the detector cross section as the adjoint source. If this adjoint function is coupled with the source spectrum, then the contribution to the detector from each assembly can be determined. First, the reactor criticality was modeled using the MCNP5 (Monte Carlo N-Particle) Monte Carlo code in order to determine the power distribution in each assembly. Using the power distribution data, the assemblies were divided and homogenized into 8 axial and 3 radial zones for burnup analysis. Depletion calculations were performed for each zone using the ORIGEN-ARP (Automatic Rapid Processing) utility from the SCALE 5.1 (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) code package. Spent fuel pool and detector were modeled in 2-D in PENTRAN as the detector plus 3 fuel assemblies along both x and y axes. Using the resulting adjoint function combined with the source spectrum, they have determined the FOVs of the fission chamber neutron detector that was used at Atucha, and concluded that 2 assemblies along x and y axes are needed for both cases (i.e. the 4 adjacent assemblies plus the next surrounding 12). For the neutron detector, 88% of the response comes from the nearest 4 assemblies, with 99% from the nearest 16. Results for a uniformly sensitive gamma detector indicate that 2 assemblies in both directions are also needed, with 89% of the response coming from the adjacent assemblies. A Monte Carlo calculation using MCNP was performed to benchmark the neutron result, giving a similar result (87% MCNP vs. 88% PENTRAN). Based on these studies, we have developed a database of FOVs as a function of burnup and decay conditions for different detector types, and a methodology/algorithm which uses this database to analyze the response of a detector placed in a spent fuel pool with the aim of detecting gross defects.
Quantification of white matter and gray matter volumes from T1 parametric images using fuzzy classifiers (1996)

White matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) were accurately measured using a technique based on a single standardized fuzzy classifier (FC) for each tissue. Fuzzy classifier development was based on experts' visual assessments of WM and GM boundaries from a set of T1 parametric MR images. The fuzzy classifier method's accuracy was validated and optimized by a set of T1 phantom images that were based on hand-detailed human brain cryosection images. Nine sets of axial T1 images of varying thickness equally distributed throughout the brain were simulated. All T1 data sets were mapped to the standardized FCs and rapidly segmented into WM and GM voxel fraction images. Resulting volumes revealed that, in most cases, the difference between measured and actual volumes was less than 5%. This was consistent throughout most of the brain, and as expected, the accuracy improved to generally less than 2% for the 1-mm simulated brain slices.
Oleanolic acid 3-acetate, a minor element of ginsenosides, induces apoptotic cell death in ovarian carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma cells via the involvement of a reactive oxygen species–independent mitochondrial pathway (2018)

These findings support the notion that oleanolic acid 3-acetate could be used as a potent anticancer supplementary agent against ovarian and endometrial cancer. Oleanolic acid 3-acetate exerts its proapoptotic effects through a rather unique molecular mechanism that involves an unconventional ROS-independent but mitochondria-mediated pathway.
Baseline Face Detection, Head Pose Estimation, and Coarse Direction Detection for Facial Data in the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study (2016)

Keeping a driver focused on the road is one of the most critical steps in insuring the safe operation of a vehicle. The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) has over 3,100 recorded videos of volunteer drivers during a period of 2 years. This extensive naturalistic driving study (NDS) contains over one million hours of video and associated data that could aid safety researchers in understanding where the driver s attention is focused. Manual analysis of this data is infeasible, therefore efforts are underway to develop automated feature extraction algorithms to process and characterize the data. The real-world nature, volume, and acquisition conditions are unmatched in the transportation community, but there are also challenges because the data has relatively low resolution, high compression rates, and differing illumination conditions. A smaller dataset, the head pose validation study, is available which used the same recording equipment as SHRP2 but is more easily accessible with less privacy constraints. In this work we report initial head pose accuracy using commercial and open source face pose estimation algorithms on the head pose validation data set.
Entre logiques d'Etat et autochtonie: dynamiques de la territorialité mapuche à l'heure du droit à l'autodétermination des Peuples Autochtones (2012)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.