gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide and Nucleoside Supplementation May Morphologically Promote the Differentiation of Human Caco-2 Cells. (2000)

The effects of nucleotide and nucleoside supplementation on the formation of tight junctions and the expression of microvilli, as indexes of morphological differentiation were studied by using a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2 cells). The formation of tight junctions and the expression of microvilli were evaluated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and observing the cell surface under electron microscopic analysis, respectively. To clarify the nutritional significance of human milk nucleotides. we used a nucleotide mixture (and a corresponding nucleoside mixture) with a composition similar to that found in human milk. Nucleotides had no effect on TEER, but nucleosides markedly promoted the increase of TEER. When alkaline phosphatase activity in the brush border membrane was enhanced by the addition of triiodothyronine (TIT), nucleotides also promoted the increase of TEER. Cytidine and CMP predominant in the mixture influenced the increase of TEER materially. Furthermore, an electron microphotograph of the cell surface showed that nucleosides contributed to the expression of microvilli. Thus the results presented in this study suggest that nucleotide and nucleoside supplementation may enhance the morphological differentiation of Caco-2 cells.
Effects of prostaglandins upon hair growth in mice. (1976)

The effect of prostaglandins upon the diffuse hair wave induced by gonadectomy was studied in male C3H mice. The drugs used were Prostaglandin E1 and Prostaglandin F2alpha, tromethamine salt, which were administered twice a day intraperitoneally during 22 days, in daily doses from 1 to 6 micrograms. The animals had their back clipped and were castrated at the beginning of each experiment. At the end of the 22 day experimental period while all the castrated control mice were completely covered by hair, in the castrated prostaglandin treated mice a marked inhibition of the hair growth was noticed.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor α Subunits Play a Direct Role in Synaptic Versus Extrasynaptic Targeting (2012)

GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)-Rs) are localized at both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, mediating phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively. Previous studies suggest an important role of γ2 and δ subunits in synaptic versus extrasynaptic targeting of GABA(A)-Rs. Here, we demonstrate differential function of α2 and α6 subunits in guiding the localization of GABA(A)-Rs. To study the targeting of specific subtypes of GABA(A)-Rs, we used a molecularly engineered GABAergic synapse model to precisely control the GABA(A)-R subunit composition. We found that in neuron-HEK cell heterosynapses, GABAergic events mediated by α2β3γ2 receptors were very fast (rise time ∼2 ms), whereas events mediated by α6β3δ receptors were very slow (rise time ∼20 ms). Such an order of magnitude difference in rise time could not be attributed to the minute differences in receptor kinetics. Interestingly, synaptic events mediated by α6β3 or α6β3γ2 receptors were significantly slower than those mediated by α2β3 or α2β3γ2 receptors, suggesting a differential role of α subunit in receptor targeting. This was confirmed by differential targeting of the same δ-γ2 chimeric subunits to synaptic or extrasynaptic sites, depending on whether it was co-assembled with the α2 or α6 subunit. In addition, insertion of a gephyrin-binding site into the intracellular domain of α6 and δ subunits brought α6β3δ receptors closer to synaptic sites. Therefore, the α subunits, together with the γ2 and δ subunits, play a critical role in governing synaptic versus extrasynaptic targeting of GABA(A)-Rs, possibly through differential interactions with gephyrin.
Approximations and Synthesis (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Ideal Low-Pass Filtering Characteristics Functions Approximating the Ideal Low-Pass Magnitude Response Functions Approximating the Ideal Low-Pass Phase Response Low-Pass Lumped Ladder Prototypes Impedance and Frequency Scaling LC Filter Example Impedance and Admittance Inverter Ladders Conclusions References
Integrated all-optical switch in a cross-waveguide geometry (2006)

An all-optical switch for future computer optical interconnect systems based on an optical cavity with a high quality factor and a nonlinear material is computionally investigated in two dimensional with a finite-difference time domain method. The signal and control bus are perpendicular to each other and can couple into a high-Q cavity consisting of a nonlinear material. It is designed in such a way that the control bus switches the signal bus on and off. Owing to the nonlinearity in the cavity, the resonance is shifted in frequency when increasing the power in the control bus so that the signal can pass through the resonator. The high Q of the cavity maximizes the interaction with the nonlinear material, and the symmetry of the cavity mode is designed in such a way that the cross talk between the signal bus and the control bus is minimized.
MPLS RSVP-TE MBB Label Reuse (2015)

The concept of make-before-break (MBB) while rerouting MPLS RSVP-TE
tunnels is discussed in [RFC3209]. In the procedure that is outlined,
the behaviour of downstream label assignment for the new LSP (new
tunnel instance) is not well defined. As a general practice, a
different label is assigned by each downstream router and advertised
to the upstream router in the RESV message for the new LSP; this
results in a separate end-to-end data-plane path for the new LSP (with
the exception of PHP LSPs or UHP LSP with explicit label on the last
hop). The consequence of this practice is that the label entry gets
added/deleted in the LFIB at every non-ingress router along the LSP
path during MBB. Also, the ingress router would need to update all the
applications using this LSP when switching to the new tunnel instance,
as the new tunnel instance uses different outgoing label. This in turn
may also cause other elements of the network which are dependant on
the LSP to do the update. Such network churn can be avoided or reduced
if the same label can be re-used (kept intact) wherever it is
affecting neither the routing functionalities nor the data path
verification of each instance. This document proposes a set of
procedures to facilitate label reuse when there is a total or partial
path overlap between the two tunnel instances during MBB.
Role of undoped cap in the scaling of thin-disk lasers (2008)

The optimum design of a powerful thin-disk laser implies a compromise between amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), overheating, and the round-trip losses. The power enhancement of a composite thin-disk laser made of an undoped layer bonded over a thin active layer to reduce ASE losses is estimated analytically. Scaling laws for the parameters of a disk laser are suggested for cases both with and without an anti-ASE cap. Predictions of the maximal power achievable for a given laser material are compared to the published experimental data. The anti-ASE cap allows an increase of the maximal output power proportional to the square of the logarithm of the round-trip loss.
Metformin kinetics in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. (1981)

The kinetics of metformin were studied after i.v. and oral administration in four healthy subjects and after oral administration in twelve maturity onset (Type II) diabetic patients.
Characteristics of Patients with Target Magnetic Resonance Mismatch Profile: Data from Two Geographically and Racially Distinct Populations (2009)

Target mismatch profiles are present in 55-70% of patients. Target mismatch is less common in patients with diabetes, small vessel occlusion, Asian ethnicity and extensive DWI lesions, and more common in patients with DWI lesions of intermediate size.
Engineering Strategies to Boost Crop Productivity by Cutting Respiratory Carbon Loss (2019)

Roughly half the carbon that crop plants fix by photosynthesis is subsequently lost by respiration. Nonessential respiratory activity leading to unnecessary CO<sub>2</sub> release is unlikely to have been minimized by natural selection or crop breeding, and cutting this large loss could complement and reinforce the currently dominant yield-enhancement strategy of increasing carbon fixation. Until now, however, respiratory carbon losses have generally been overlooked by metabolic engineers and synthetic biologists because specific target genes have been elusive. We argue that recent advances are at last pinpointing individual enzyme and transporter genes that can be engineered to (1) slow unnecessary protein turnover, (2) replace, relocate, or reschedule metabolic activities, (3) suppress futile cycles, and (4) make ion transport more efficient, all of which can reduce respiratory costs. We identify a set of engineering strategies to reduce respiratory carbon loss that are now feasible and model how implementing these strategies singly or in tandem could lead to substantial gains in crop productivity.
Effect of Hypothalamic Implants of GH on Anterior Pituitary Weight and GH Concentration (1969)

Hypothalamic implants of GH mixed with cholesterol produced a reduction in both absolute and relative weight of the anterior pituitary within 7 days of implantation on comparison with either normal or cholesterol-implanted controls. Similar implants of LH or prolactin failed to modify pituitary weight. The reduction in pituitary weight persisted for an additional 7 days and was associated with a reduction in pituitary GH concentration at 14 days as estimated by bioassay. Small decreases in body weight gain were apparent on comparison with cholesterol-implanted controls at 4–7 after implantation which indicate that endogenous plus exogenous GH release may have been reduced in the rats with GH implants. A dose-response relationship was evident between the dose of GH implanted and the reduction in pituitary weight. Implants of GH in a variety of hypothalamic loci were effective and a minimal effect was exerted by implants of the hormone in the cerebral cortex. It is concluded that GH acts centrally on the hypothalamo-pituitary region to inhibit its own secretion. (Endocrinology85: 725, 1969)
Solid-State NMR of a Protein in a Precipitated Complex with a Full-Length Antibody (2014)

NMR spectroscopy is a prime technique for characterizing atomic-resolution structures and dynamics of biomolecular complexes but for such systems faces challenges of sensitivity and spectral resolution. We demonstrate that the application of (1)H-detected experiments at magic-angle spinning frequencies of >50 kHz enables the recording, in a matter of minutes to hours, of solid-state NMR spectra suitable for quantitative analysis of protein complexes present in quantities as small as a few nanomoles (tens of micrograms for the observed component). This approach enables direct structure determination and quantitative dynamics measurements in domains of protein complexes with masses of hundreds of kilodaltons. Protein-protein interaction interfaces can be mapped out by comparison of the chemical shifts of proteins within solid-state complexes with those of the same constituent proteins free in solution. We employed this methodology to characterize a >300 kDa complex of GB1 with full-length human immunoglobulin, where we found that sample preparation by simple precipitation yields spectra of exceptional quality, a feature that is likely to be shared with some other precipitating complexes. Finally, we investigated extensions of our methodology to spinning frequencies of up to 100 kHz.
Six Cases with Chronic Lower Airway Infection due to Branhamella catarrhal Assessed by Transtracheal Aspiration (1984)

We tried trastracheal aspiration for 60 patients (74 times) with bronchopulmonary infection. In 40 patients (54 times) organisms were positive and in 6 patients (8 times), Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated. Diagnosis of patients with B. catarrhalis were chronic bronchitis (N. 4), bronchiectasis (N. 1) and diffuse panbronchiolitis (N. 1). B. catarrhalis isolated as one of polyorganism in all 6 patients. Other organisms from TTA of 6 patients were K. pneumoniae (N. 2), S. marcescens (N. 2), H. influenzae (N. 1) S. pneumoniae (N. 1), H.influenzae+S. pneumoniae+non f. GNR (N. 1) and S. pneumoniae+γ-streptococcus (N. 1). B. catarrhalis isolated from sputum of only 3 patients of 6 patients with B. catarrhalis from transtracheal aspiration.From the results, we realize that the role of B. catarrhalis in chronic lower airway infection, especially in polymicrobial infection, is important.
Metal--Salt Interactions at High Temperatures: The Solubilities of Some Alkaline Earth Metals in their Halides (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal--Salt Interactions at High Temperatures: The Solubilities of Some Alkaline Earth Metals in their HalidesD. D. Cubicciotti and C. D. ThurmondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 6, 2149–2153Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01174a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01174a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Oral Anti-osteoporosis Drug with Osteogenesis-promoting Effects <i>via</i> Osteoblast Differentiation (2018)

Osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures (e.g., the femur), reduces a person's activities of daily living (ADL) and increases the likelihood of being bedridden. Therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis include oral bisphosphonates and intravenous receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) antibodies, both of which suppress osteoclast activity, as well as the subcutaneously administered recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH), which activates osteoblasts. However, there is currently no oral osteogenesis-promoting drug. In the present study, we found a low-molecular-weight compound, KY-273, with osteogenesis promoting effects. KY-273 induced osteoblast differentiation in ST2 cells and in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells at a dose of 0.1 μM. On the other hand, KY-273 did not clearly exert differentiation effects in osteoclasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, or myoblasts. In ovariectomized rats, KY-273 clearly increased serum bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by at a dose of 3 mg/kg for 8 weeks, and increased both the cortical bone volume and medullary volume of the diaphyseal and epiphyseal regions of femoral bone, but did not affect trabecular bone. Although alendronate (used to decrease bone loss) increased trabecular bone, it did not have any significant effects on cortical bone. PTH increased epiphysis cortical and trabecular bone volume, and reduced medullary volume. KY-273 also displayed good oral absorption in rats. In conclusion, KY-273 is a promising candidate for use as an oral anti-osteoporosis drug with osteogenesis promoting effects.
Morphology of C6 Glioma Cells on a Water-Repellent Fractal Alkyl Ketene Dimer Surface (2008)

In many in vitro cultures, cells may change their morphology, probably caused by adherence to the surface of the culture dish. Since a fractal alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) surface provides super water-repellency with a contact angle of 174° , we considered that it might provide an improved surface environment for the growth and differentiation of cells by preventing intimate adhesion. C6 glioma cells which were selected to test the effects of the fractal surface, were cultured on a conventional surface, a smooth AKD surface or a fractal AKD surface. On the conventional and smooth AKD surfaces, cells developed bipolar or multipolar shapes with enlarged cell bodies and neurite-like processes. In contrast, cells cultured on the fractal AKD surface presented fine filopodium-like processes like protoplasmic astrocytes in vivo, and higher morphological complexity was revealed by fractal analysis. Reconstruction of three-dimensional shape indicated that cells on the fractal surface were globular, whereas those on the conventional surface were rather flat. Our results suggest that C6 glioma cells on a fractal AKD surface show features of natural astrocytes with their elaborate morphology. The fractal surface thus may provide a new and natural culture environment for experimental assessment of glial structure and function.
Eastern Canadian Colorectal Cancer Consensus Conference 2013: Emerging Therapies in the Treatment of Pancreatic, Rectal, and Colorectal Cancers (2016)

The annual Eastern Canadian Colorectal Cancer Consensus Conference held in Montreal, Quebec, 17-19 October 2013, marked the 10-year anniversary of this meeting that is attended by leaders in medical, radiation, and surgical oncology. The goal of the attendees is to improve the care of patients affected by gastrointestinal malignancies. Topics discussed during the conference included pancreatic cancer, rectal cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer.
Substrate profiling of Zika virus NS2B‐NS3 protease (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV), isolated from macaques in Uganda in 1947, was not considered to be a dangerous human pathogen. However, this view has recently changed as ZIKV infections are now associated with serious pathological disorders including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Similar to other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, ZIKV expresses the serine protease NS3 which is responsible for viral protein processing and replication. Herein, we report the expression of an active NS3<sup>pro</sup> domain fused with the NS2B cofactor (NS2B<sub>LN</sub> NS3<sup>pro</sup> ) in a prokaryotic expression system and profile its specificity for synthesized FRET-type substrate libraries. Our findings pave way for screening potential intracellular substrates of NS3 and for developing specific inhibitors of this ZIKV protease.
Trends and Patterns of Urodynamic Studies in U.S. Women, 2000–2012 (2020)

To estimate utilization rates for cystometrograms and describe trends in urodynamic procedures among U.S. women from 2000 to 2012.
Modeling study of a cw hf resonance transfer laser medium. Technical report (1983)

A nonreactive kinetics model of the flowing gaseous medium of a cw HF optical resonance transfer laser (ORTL) has been developed and used to examine the prospects of this type of laser for efficient performance. Model development has required the generation of HF(v1, J1) + HF(v2, J2) V-V, R-R, T, and V-R cross section by classical trajectory calculations and by surprisal methods. These cross section packages have been validated using non-ORTL HF kinetics experiments, and the entire ORTL medium model has been validated by modeling the reported experimental results of past ORTL experiments without any adjustment of the kinetics packages. The subsequent study observing the effect on small signal gain by varying controllable parameters, such as pumping laser radiative flux and flux distribution, flow velocity, flow density, and HF mole fractions, has suggested a regime for most efficient ORTL operation, in which overall efficiency could reach 0.50. For this regime., pumping laser fluxes should exceed 5000 W/per sq cm with a spectral pattern in which most of the power is in P1(5), p1(6), p2(5), and p2(6). The medium should be operated at slightly elevated temperatures to enhance kinetic-pumping rates with characteristic velocities allowing any ORTL fluid element to remain inmore » the pump beam no longer than 200 microsec.« less
Cultivation and properties of Neisseria sp. grown in chemically defined media (1972)

Neisseria Chemically Defined Medium (NCDM) has been used routinely in our laboratory for a variety of purposes. The present report describes the development of NCDM agar, wherein the NCDM base is sterilized by filtration and defined supplements and agar are added. The medium is transparent and both meningococci and gonococci grow within 72 h. When grown on NCDM agar, Types 2 and 3 gonococcal colonies tend to revert to Type 1. The serological grouping of meningococci with specific antisera is not affected by growth on this medium.Parallel investigations on the growth of these species in liquid NCDM demonstrated that the yield of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is enhanced when the medium is sterilized by filtration.
Decidual leukemia inhibitory factor production and action on human chorionic gonadotropin secretion at different stages of gestation in vitro. (1997)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for uterine blastocyst implantation. We investigated human LIF production and action on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion at different stages of gestation. Decidual and chorionic tissues were obtained at the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, and at term. Decidual and trophoblast cells were isolated and cultured separately and medium LIF or hCG levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Decidual cells derived from the first and second trimester, and term were cultured for 72 h in serum-containing medium and produced 374 +/- 162 (mean +/- SEM), 140 +/- 14 and 466 +/- 134 ngLIF/mg protein, respectively. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (10 U/ml) did not affect LIF production from first-trimester decidual cells, but inhibited second-trimester LIF production to 37% of that of controls (p < 0.05), and stimulated LIF production from term decidual cells to 125% of that of controls (p < 0.05). First-trimester trophoblast cells treated with 10 nmol/l hLIF for 72 h in serum-free medium increased hCG secretion by 125% (p = 0.05). Conversely, hLIF dose-dependently inhibited basal and cAMP-stimulated hCG secretion in trophoblasts derived during the second trimester and at term, as well as in cultured JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells. LIF exhibited more potent inhibitory action in the second trimester, maximally reducing hCG production by 37% from that of control values (p < 0.05) at a dose of 10 nmol/l. These findings indicate that (1) LIF is produced by decidual cells throughout pregnancy and may play a different regulatory role of hCG production at different stages of gestation; and (2) gonadotropin synthesized in trophoblasts may, in part, regulate LIF production through a paracrine pathway.