gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Properties of Hydrogel Microspheres by Adding Chemical Cross-linking Functionality to Sodium Alginate (2015)

Two novel types of hydrogel microspheres (MS) are presented. First, one-component microspheres (1-comMS) were produced from sodium alginate (Na-alg) equipped with thiol-functionalized hydroxyl groups. The functionalization pathway included the conversion of Na-alg into tetrabutylammonium alginate, insertion of new carboxyl groups, grafting of α-amine-ω-thiol poly(ethylene glycol), and restoration of the sodium salt. This modification conserves all original carboxyl groups of Na-alg and allows for covalent disulfide bond formation in addition to ionic cross-linking. Second, two-component microspheres (2-comMS) were obtained from a mixture of Na-alg and Na-alg functionalized with cysteamine. This functionalization was achieved by grafting cystamine dihydrochloride on some carboxyl groups followed by the reduction to cysteamine. Using the one-step MS formation process developed for both MS types, very fast ionic gelation with calcium ions conserves the spherical shape of the polymer solution droplets upon extrusion into the gelation bath, while simultaneously occurring slow covalent cross-linking reinforces the hydrogels. The physical properties of both MS types are adjustable by varying the polymer concentration, the degree of grafting, and the mixing ratio. In vitro cell microencapsulation studies confirmed the cytocompatibility of 1-comMS and 2-comMS.
Effect of Shock Waves on Dynamic Stability of Transonic Missiles (2002)

천음속 미사일에 대한 동안정 미계수 예측을 위해 비정상 Euler 방정식 해석을 수행하고, 동안정 미계수를 구하기 위한 적분방법을 제시하였다. 현재 방법의 정확도와 효율성을 검증하기 위해 Basic Finner에 대한 계산결과를 실험치와 비교하였다. 또한, Model Finner에서 받음각, 마하수, 회전율에 따른 동안정 미계수들의 변화를 고찰하였다. 해석 결과 천음속 영역에서 핀 사이에 발생한 충격파가미사일의 피치안정성을 증진시킴을 알 수 있었다. 계산의 결과는 비정상 Euler 해석이 충분한 정확도로 동안정 계수의 예측에 적용될 수 있음을 보여준다. Three dimentional unsteady Euler equations are solved and an integration method is presented to predict the dynamic stability derivatives of transonic missiles. Results for the Basic Finner model are compared with several experimental data to vaildate the prediction capability of the present method. The variations of dynamic stability derivatives are discussed with respect to angle of attack, Mach number, and rotation rate. Results show that shock waves between fins enhance the pitch-damping characteristics in transonic region. Results also imply that the Euler equations can give the damping coefficients with comparable accuracy.
Higher mortality from non-small cell lung cancer reported in subjects treated with oestrogen and progestin (2010)

The Women's Heath Initiative (WHI) trial was a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial that examined the health benefits and risks of combined oestrogen and progestin in 16 608 postmenopausal women in the USA. The study was stopped early as health risks were shown to exceed benefits. In this study, both the incidence and mortality from lung …
Interaction between blade vibration and part-span rotating stall (2020)

This paper presents the interaction between blade vibration and part-span rotating stall in a multi-stage high speed compressor. Unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic simulations were conducted using URANS CFD. Steady state computations showed short length scale disturbances formed local to the tip of a front stage rotor. Using a full annulus model, these disturbances were shown to coalesce into flow structures rotating around the annulus at approximately 76% of the shaft rotational speed. Natural evolution of the rotating stall did not result in a coherent spatial pattern. Sensitivity studies showed that operating point and tip clearance have significant impact on the developed state of rotating stall. Subsequent analyses carried out with prescribed rotor blade vibration showed a spatial 'lock-in' event where the circumferential order of the part-span rotating stall shifted to match that induced by the vibration mode. Moreover, in contrast to its natural form in the absence of vibration, the fully developed rotating stall showed a coherent stall signal. More importantly, it was found that numerical boundary conditions such as mixing plane and sliding planes can significantly influence the outcome of prediction.
The methylotrophic yeast as a host for the expression and production of thermostable xylanase from the bacterium (2005)

A thermostable glycoside hydrolase family-10 xylanase originating from Rhodothermus marinus was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (SMD1168H). The DNA sequence from Rmxyn10A encoding the xylanase catalytic module was PCR-amplified and cloned in frame with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor secretion signal under the control of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promotor. Optimisation of enzyme production in batch fermentors, with methanol as a sole carbon source, enabled secretion yields up to 3gl(-1) xylanase with a maximum activity of 3130Ul(-1) to be achieved. N-terminal sequence analysis of the heterologous xylanase indicated that the secretion signal was correctly processed in P. pastoris and the molecular weight of 37kDa was in agreement with the theoretically calculated molecular mass. Introduction of a heat-pretreatment step was however necessary in order to fold the heterologous xylanase to an active state, and at the conditions used this step yielded a 200-fold increase in xylanase activity. Thermostability of the produced xylanase was monitored by differential-scanning calorimetry, and the transition temperature (T(m)) was 78 degrees C. R. marinus xylanase is the first reported thermostable gram-negative bacterial xylanase efficiently secreted by P. pastoris.
Expression of a functional α‐macroglobulin receptor binding domain in Escherichia coli (1992)

We have expressed receptor-binding domains of human alpha 2-macroglobulin and rat alpha 1-macroglobulin in Escherichia coli. Expression levels of both recombinants were quite high, but the human one was insoluble, probably forming inclusion bodies. The rat domain, which lacks the human disulfide, was produced in a soluble form and readily purified by two simple chromatographic steps. Purified recombinant rat alpha 1-macroglobulin receptor-binding domain was fully functional in binding to the alpha-macroglobulin receptor on human fibroblasts. This 142 residue domain should serve as an excellent template for analyzing the structural requirements for alpha-macroglobulin receptor ligation and dissecting the varied biological functions resulting from such ligation.
Online Mining (Recently) Maximal Frequent Itemsets over Data Streams (2005)

A data stream is a massive, open-ended sequence of data elements continuously generated at a rapid rate. Mining data streams is more difficult than mining static databases because the huge, high-speed and continuous characteristics of streaming data. In this paper, we propose a new one-pass algorithm called DSM-MFI (stands for Data Stream Mining for Maximal Frequent Itemsets), which mines the set of all maximal frequent itemsets in landmark windows over data streams. A new summary data structure called summary frequent itemset forest (abbreviated as SFI-forest) is developed for incremental maintaining the essential information about maximal frequent itemsets embedded in the stream so far. Theoretical analysis and experimental studies show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and scalable for mining the set of all maximal frequent itemsets over the entire history of the data streams.
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) (2015)

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a wide range of consumer products has the furthered need to assess its impact on organisms. To date, there have been very few studies examining the effects of AgNPs on plants. This study investigated the impact of AgNPs to seed germination rate, seedling growth, peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of a vegetable plant Raphanus sativus. Results showed that both AgNPs and AgNO 3 had no significant effect on seed germination of R. sativus. Root length and root fresh weight was significantly reduced when exposed to 40 mg/L AgNPs or AgNO 3 . It showed that the toxicity of AgNPs on R. sativus seedling growth is similar to AgNO 3 . 40 mg/L of AgNPs and AgNO 3 significantly increase the activities of POD in R. sativus root and leaf. R. sativus bioassays employed in our experiments provided valuable information concerning the effects of AgNPs on plants.
Triple-Yolked ZnO/CdS Hollow Spheres for Semiconductor-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

A new kind of complex hollow structure, ZnO/CdS triple-yolked hollow spheres (TYs), is prepared using a facile method. The formation mechanism is described in terms of a combined effect of the bubble-assisted Ostwald ripening and appropriate ion-exchange processes. The structural effect of ZnO hollow microspheres on the energy conversion efficiency is investigated. The uniqueness of TYs morphology leads to a 37% enhancement in energy conversion efficiency for SSSCs, as compared with single-shelled hollow spheres. The method using controlled ZnO/CdS yolk-in-shell structures in SSSCs presents obvious advantages in the generation of light scattering and makes full use of the internal structures of the photoelectrode. It also provides a feasible synthetic approach for fabrication of other complex hollow structures made of multicomponent functional heteromaterials.
Developing a Gesture-based Interface (2002)

A gesture-based interface involves tracking a moving hand across frames, and extracting the semantic interpretation corresponding to the gesture. This is a difficult task, since there is a change in both the position as well as the appearance of the hand. Further, such a system should be robust to the speed at which the gesture is performed. This paper presents a novel attempt at developing a hand gesture-based interface. We propose an on-line predictive EigenTracker for the moving hand. Our tracker can learn the eigenspace on the fly. We propose a new state-based representation scheme for hand gestures, based on the eigenspace reconstruction error. This makes the system independent of the speed of performing the gesture. We use learning for adapting the gesture recognition system to individual requirements. We show results of successful operation of our system even in cases of background clutter and other moving objects.
A Search for Biosynthetic Subunits of Light and Heavy Chains of Immunoglobulins (1967)

There are several reasons to be attracted by the idea that each chain of the immunoglobulins might be under the control of more than one structural gene.
Nitric Oxide is Involved in Alkamide-Induced Lateral Root Development in Arabidopsis (2010)

Alkamides are small bioactive lipid signals with a wide distribution in plants. In this report, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the alterations induced by N-isobutyl decanamide on the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root system architecture (RSA) was investigated. We first compared the effects of N-isobutyl decanamide and NO donors sodium nitropruside (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) on root morphogenetic processes. Both N-isobutyl decanamide and NO donors modulated RSA in a similar way and in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting primary root growth and promoting lateral root primordia (LRP) formation. RSA alterations induced by N-isobutyl decanamide correlated with NO accumulation in the primary root tip and in developing lateral roots. Morphogenetic effects of N-isobutyl decanamide decreased when NO scavengers were supplied to alkamide-treated seedlings. N-Isobutyl decanamide-regulated root architectural changes were also investigated in mutants defective in NO biosynthesis, nia1 nia2, and NO signalling, Atnoa1, and in the alkamide-resistant mutant drr1. The nia1 nia2 and Atnoa1 mutants were indistinguishable in primary root growth inhibition by the alkamide when compared with wild-type (WT) seedlings, but showed reduced lateral root responses. The drr1 mutant was less sensitive in both primary root growth inhibition and LRP induction by NO donors than WT seedlings. Detailed DR5:uidA and BA3:uidA marker analysis showed that N-isobutyl decanamide and its interacting signals jasmonic acid and NO act downstream or independently of auxin-responsive gene expression to promote LRP formation. Our results provide compelling evidence that NO is an intermediate in alkamide signaling mediating RSA adjustment in Arabidopsis.
Interface-state-phonon-assisted energy relaxation of hot electrons in CdSe quantum dots (2016)

The authors report experimental observation of a new electron relaxation mechanism in CdSe quantum dots (QDs), through which electrons release their excess energy by emitting interface-state phonons (ISPs). Photogenerated electrons in surrounding barrier materials are initially captured by interfacial defects and then are released into QDs. Due to the strong coupling to the interface states, these hot electrons in QDs step down to their ground state by emitting interface-state phonons. This phenomenon became observable in the microscopic photoluminescence spectra of the CdSe QDs under intense excitation of a femtosecond laser. Up to six ISP phonon replicas were observed as subpeaks in the high-energy side of the photoluminescence peak of the quantum dots. The energy of these ISP phonons is determined to be 17 meV. The temperature dependence of this relaxation mechanism is discussed. The ISP phonons have been observed in Raman scattering spectra, and their interface feature have been identified. The experiments have proved the prediction of Sercel in Phys. Rev. B 51, 14532 (1995), where defect levels nearby QDs were proposed to assist energy relaxation of electrons in quantum dots. However, instead of energy relaxation during the capture process from the barriers to the interfacial defects, electrons are found here to release their excess energy during the capture process from the interfacial defects to the ground state of the CdSe QDs.
Optical Packet Switching: Generation, Transmission and Recovery Demonstration Using a Frequency Tone Header (2002)

We have successfully implemented in our labs the generation, transmission, detection and routing of optical packets for next generation all-optical networks ..Ultrafast switching function (mus time base) is demonstrated using a RF frequency tone as header, combined with a high-capacity digital payload, both inserted in the optical packet. The packet may propagate kilometers in the network, without degrading. At node input the optical packet header is detected and a switching control mechanism directs the packet to a prescribed output, without further opto-electric conversion. The optical circuit is noise-free, with BER results better than 10^-12 .This system is applicable to metropolitan and access WDM optical networks style.
Protective effect of neurotrophin against glutamate neurotoxicity in coritcal cultures (1998)

This study was performed to investigate the effects of neurotrophins on glutamate cytotoxicity by using cultured cortical neurons. Primary cultures obtained from the cerebral cortex of fetal rats (17-19 days gestation) were used for experiments. NGF did not elicit tyrosine phosphorylation of Trks whereas BDNF induced Trk tyrosine phosphorylation within 10 min, followed by time-dependent decrease. Brief glutamate exposure to the cell induced delayed cytotoxicity. Similar cytotoxicity was observed with the brief application of a calcium ionophore, ionomycin, and nitric oxide (NO) generating agents, S-nitrosocysteine (SNOC) and SIN-1. Exposure of the cultures to NGF and BDNF for 1 or 24 hr prior to glutamate exposure reduced glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, simultaneous addition of NGF and BDNF with glutamate did not affect glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Ionomycin-induced cytotoxicity was prevented by exposing cultures to NGF and BDNF for 24-hr. Moreover, NGF and BDNF ameliorated cytotoxicity induced by SNOC and SIN-1. These results suggest that neurotrophins prevent NO mediated glutamate cytotoxicity.
Synthesis of a new series of 8‐substituted‐2,8‐diazaspiro[4.5]decan‐3‐ones (1993)

Abstract A new series of 8‐substituted‐2,8‐diazaspiro[4.5]decan‐3‐ones has been synthesized and tested in in vitro and in vivo assays predictive for cholinergic activity, in comparison with the muscarinic agent RS‐86. Preliminary pharmacological data indicate that the compounds are devoid of significant cholinergic properties.
Differential Effects of α -Adrenoceptor Agonists on Human Retinal Microvessel Diameter (2001)

The effects of locally administered brimonidine, clonidine, and p-aminoclonidine on microvessel caliber were compared in human retinal tissues grafted into the hamster cheek pouch. Clonidine and p-aminoclonidine, but not brimonidine, potently constricted human retinal microvessels over a broad concentration range. All three agonists elicited significant vasoconstriction in naive hamster cheek pouch microvasculature. The alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, rauwolscine, inhibited p-aminoclonidine-induced constriction in naive hamster cheek pouch microvessels, but not p-aminoclonidine-induced effects in retinal grafts. Selective alpha1-adrenoceptor agonists evoked vasoconstriction in retinal grafts only at relatively high concentrations. These differential effects on the retinal microvasculature could not be readily explained solely on the basis of alpha1- or alpha2-adrenoceptor involvement. Clonidine, p-aminoclonidine and brimonidine are also imidazoline derivatives that interact with putative non-adrenergic imidazoline-sensitive binding sites, the so-called I1-imidazoline binding site subtype implicated by some investigators in mediation of peripheral vasoconstriction. As with p-aminoclonidine, the potent vasoconstriction in human retinal microvasculature elicited by moxonidine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist that has also been reported to exhibit selectivity for putative I1-imidazoline binding sites, was not inhibited by the selective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, rauwolscine, nor by idazoxan, an antagonist characterized as having substantial activity at putative I2-imidazoline binding sites. These data suggest the possible involvement of an unconventional non-adrenergic imidazoline-sensitive pathway in regulation of microvascular responses in the inner retina, and that drug activity mediated via such an imidazoline-sensitive component could potentially evoke deleterious effects in the retinal microvasculature.
Identification and Application of Novel Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARSs) for Promoter-Cloning and Co-Transformation inCandida utilis (2009)

In order to develop practical recombinant DNA techniques in the industrially important yeast Candida utilis, at least six plasmids harboring autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) were isolated from a C. utilis genomic library. Two ARSs were subjected to detailed analysis. Sequences of 1.9 and 1.8 kb were found to be necessary to exert ARS activity in a plasmid as assessed by transformation efficiency and mitotic stability. Both fragments were found to be rich in AT content (69.5% and 70.8% respectively), and to contain an 11-bp ARS consensus sequences (10 and 13 motifs with one base difference respectively). Using the ARS-containing plasmid as a promoter-cloning vector, several DNA fragments having promoter activities were cloned and characterized. Co-transformation of C. utilis with an integrating DNA fragment and a replicating plasmid yielded plasmid-free transformants harboring the fragment integrated into the C. utilis genome.
Key Determinants of Receptor Activation in the agr Autoinducing Peptides of Staphylococcus aureus (2002)

Staphylococcal pathogenesis is regulated by a two-component quorum-sensing system, agr, activated upon binding of a self-coded autoinducing peptide (AIP) to the receptor-histidine kinase, AgrC. The AIPs consist of a thiolactone macrocyle and an exocyclic "tail", both of which are important for function. In this report, characterization of the unique AIPs from the four known agr specificity groups of Staphylococcus aureus has been completed, along with analysis of cross-group inhibition of AgrC activation by each of the four AIPs. The following conclusions have been drawn: (i) The native thiolactone macrocyle and tail are necessary and sufficient for full activation by the AIPs, whereas the AIP-I macrocycle alone is a partial agonist. (ii) The native N-terminus is less critical, as that of AIP-I can be modified without affecting bioactivity, although that of AIP-III cannot. (iii) The ring and tail may function differently in different AIPs. Thus the group I and IV AIPs differ at a single (endocyclic) residue, which is the determinant of AIP specificity for these two groups and is essential for function. A similarly critical residue in AIP-II, however, is exocyclic. (iv) Cross-inhibition is more tolerant of sequence and structural diversity than is activation, suggesting that the AIPs interact differently with cognate than with heterologous receptors. (v) Chimeric peptides, in which the tails and macrocycles are switched, do not activate and instead inhibit receptor activation. These data suggest a model in which activation and inhibition involves different binding orientations within the ligand binding pocket of each receptor.
Multi-Objective Chance Constrained Programming of Spare Parts Based on Uncertainty Theory (2018)

The optimization of spare parts inventory is very important in the modern aerospace engineering system, especially in the environment with low management effectiveness and a wide variety of spare parts. At present, there are many optimization models for spare parts inventory, and the single-objective optimization inventory is mostly used. But the single-objective optimization model has some limitations. First, in the applications of practical engineering, a single-goal decision problem is generally rare, and most of the decisions we have experienced involve many complicated goals. Second, it is difficult to truly present the actual situation when the mathematical programming model is used to discuss the optimization problem in practical engineering application. The solution to solve the model is a hybrid intelligent algorithm by combining the genetic algorithm with the inverse uncertainty distribution function. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the optimization model.
Fabrication and Properties of Forged Rings made of Modified 9Cr-1Mo-V Steel for High-temperature and High- pressure Reactor (2015)

Recently, new processes have been developed for more efficiently cracking extra-heavy oil and liquefying coal. These new processes involve reactors, each operating at a temperature around 500°C. Modified 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, with its excellent high-temperature performance, is thus a candidate material for these reactors. A heavywall reactor is composed of a forged shell-ring made from an ingot weighing over 190 tonnes, and its wall thickness at the time of heat treatment becomes 300mm or greater. In the forging of modified 9Cr-1Mo-V steel made from an ingot weighing 30 tonnes, however, internal defects are likely to be formed; and the occurrence of casting defects become more serious as the size of the ingot increases, according to reports. Therefore, when producing forgings exceeding 100 tonnes, the internal quality of the forgings must be checked. An evaluation test was conducted; it verified that the heavy-wall shell ring made of modified 9Cr-1Mo-V steel exhibits no internal defects and has excellent material properties, satisfying the ASME requirements.