gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Objective Anterior Cruciate Ligament Testing (1986)

We examined subjects with the Stryker knee laxity tester as part of the clinical examination to determine its usefulness in evaluating the anterior cruciate ligament. We measured 123 athletes with no history of knee injury, as well as 30 patients with ACL injury proven by arthroscopy, and 11 injured patients with intact ACL at arthroscopy. We recorded anterior and posterior tibial displacement at 20 degrees of knee flexion and 20 lbs force in each direction. Anterior laxity and side to side difference correlated with ACL injury; posterior and total AP laxity did not. In normal subjects, mean anterior laxity was 2.5 mm. Only 8% of normal knees had anterior laxity of 5 mm or more. Ten percent of normal subjects had a side to side difference of 2 mm or more. In ACL tears, mean laxity was 8.1 mm, with 94% measuring 5 mm or more. Of the subjects, 89% with unilateral ACL injury had an increase of 2 mm or more on the injured side. Ten of ten acute ACL tears were detected by these criteria, with no false positives. In injured knees with intact ACL, measurements did not differ significantly from normal. We found the objective knee laxity measurement to be a useful complement to clinical knee examination.
The chlorination of some N,N-Dimethylanilines with 1,3,5-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (Trichloroisocyanuric acid) (1980)

The reaction of some representative N,N-dimethylanilines and of Fischer's base (1,3,3-trimethyl-2-methyleneindoline) with trichloroisocyanuric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid has been investigated. In many cases mixtures of chlorinated products were obtained; these mixtures were examined both by gas-liquid chromatography and by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reaction of N,N-dimethylaniline with dichloroisocyanuric acid was also studied. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A feature of these chlorinations is the marked tendency for substitution to occur ortho to the dimethylamino group. This behaviour therefore differs from that reported for the corresponding brominations involving dibromoisocyanuric acid, where meta-substitution was observed.
A Multivariate Characterization and Detection of Software Performance Antipatterns (2021)

Context. Software Performance Antipatterns (SPAs) research has focused on algorithms for the characterization, detection, and solution of antipatterns. However, existing algorithms are based on the analysis of runtime behavior to detect trends on several monitored variables (e.g., response time, CPU utilization, and number of threads) using pre-defined thresholds. Objective. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for SPA characterization and detection designed to support continuous integration/delivery/deployment (CI/CDD) pipelines, with the goal of addressing the lack of computationally efficient algorithms.
Widely Useful DMAP-Catalyzed Esterification under Auxiliary Base- and Solvent-Free Conditions (2007)

With regard to atom economy and E-factor, catalytic condensation of carboxylic acids with equimolar amounts of alcohols is the most desirable. Although several highly active dehydration catalysts have been reported, more efficient alternatives are still strongly needed because the dehydrative esterification of tertiary alcohols, phenols, acid-sensitive alcohols, amino acids, and hardly soluble alcohols has never proceeded satisfactorily. Here we report new insights into the classical DMAP-catalyzed acylation of alcohols: surprisingly, only a 0.05-2 mol % of DMAP can efficiently promote acylation of alcohols with acid anhydrides under auxiliary base- and solvent-free conditions to give the corresponding esters in high yields. Furthermore, we achieved the recovery and reuse of commercially available polystyrene-supported DMAP without using any solvents. These serendipitous findings provide widely useful and environmentally benign esterification methods, which might be more practical and reliable than catalytic dehydrative condensation methods, in particular, for the less reactive alcohols which hardly condense with carboxylic acid directly.
Volumetric segmentation of medical images by three-dimensional bubbles (2002)

The segmentation of structure from 3D images is an inherently
difficult problem and a bottleneck to the widespread use of computer
vision in such applications as medical imaging. Local low-level
voxel-based features must somehow be integrated to obtain global
object-based descriptions. Deformable models in the form of snakes,
balloons, level sets, and bubbles have been proposed for this task. In
this paper, we extend the reaction-diffusion segmentation bubble
technique to three dimensions. In generalizing this approach to 3D, two
separate issues arise. First, should segmentations be achieved by
treating images as a series of disjoint 2D slides, as 2D slices with
interslice interactions, or intrinsically as a 3D image? We will show
that the existence of saps of information in low-level features guides
us to make maximal use of continuity in all directions, thus advocating
an intrinsic 3D approach. The treatment of bubbles in 3D, however,
requires the generalization of the reaction-diffusion space. While the
reaction process is trivially extended, the generalization of diffusion
is not straightforward. We utilize a particular mean-Gauss curvature
deformation to serve as the regularizing diffusion process. The
resulting 3D reaction-diffusion bubbles are intrinsic, can deal with a
variety of gaps, and place captured surfaces in a hierarchy of scale.
The process is illustrated on MRI images of the ventricle cavity and the
vascular structure in MRA images
Integrated interdisciplinary university: technology, materials, society (2009)

RWTH Aachen University has a long history as a research organisation and as an institution of education. It is known as a progressive, modern and forward-looking institution among students, industrial partners and citizens. RWTH Aachen University recognises its responsibility towards society, it has established and demonstrated flexibility and adaptability over the years and it is determined to improve its international visibility. Within the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments, RWTH Aachen University has been awarded funding for its future concept. This allows a greater concentration on the clear stated goals and principles of the university, one of which is to train a highly-qualified and responsible new generation of academics for the benefit of business and society, research and teaching. RWTH Aachen University has developed a strategic plan which is reflected in the Institutional Strategy and leads to a super ordinate goal: In contrast to a university primarily characterised by the coexistence of individual strengths, especially in engineering, RWTH is developing into an integrated interdisciplinary university of technology that is able to meet global challenges. Six interdisciplinary forums at RWTH (e.g. Forum Materials Science, Forum Technology and Society) are engaged to provide a better integration and cooperation among all scientific areas. Working groups within the forums and the different departments at the university collaborate in order to make a faster progress in cross-cutting research fields. Interdisciplinary pathfinder project proposals were submitted and doctoral theses, e.g. “Development of materials and technologies in the mirror of literature” and “Material design against the background of technology and society”, are begun at our Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Chair for Metallurgy of Iron and Steel. In cooperation between different departments of Material Sciences and the Humanities we have set up a project relating to “Materials, symbolic meanings of materials and identity construction”. The speakers of the Forums support the dialog between academic world, industry, society and politics. The best researchers are supposed to contribute and collaborate. That is why the social surroundings and environment should be appropriately arranged. Modifications in organization and structure at RWTH Aachen University have been made. With its large number of projects for integration and support for newly-appointed researchers and their families, Dual Career Programme, Parent Service Office, efforts to internationalise all the faculties and to inspire young people to be the future generation of engineers, scientists and leaders in industry and society, demonstrates the strong will to learn and teach. RWTH Aachen University is looking ahead with a great optimism that it will succeed in Meeting Global Challenges in the next 10 years and that it will bring valuable information, research and development to the SOVAMAT Initiative.
Gallium containing calcium phosphates: Potential antibacterial agents or fictitious truth (2022)

Amidst an ever-increasing demand for the enhancement of the lifestyle and the modulation of modern diseases, the functionalization of biomaterials is of utmost importance. One of the leading materials for the aforementioned purpose have been calcium phosphates (CaPs). They have been widely used in bone regeneration displaying favourable regenerative potential and biological properties. Many studies have placed their entire focus on facilitating the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone progenitor cells, while the aspect of antibacterial properties has been surmounted. Nevertheless, increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria requires the development of new materials and the usage of alternative approaches such as ion doping. Gallium (Ga) has been the potential star on the rise among the ions. However, the obstacle that accompanies gallium is the scarcity of research performed and the variety of amalgamations. The question that imposes itself is how a growing field of therapeutics can be further entwined with advances in material science, and how will the incorporation of gallium bring a new outlook. The present study offers a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art gallium containing calcium phosphates (GaCaPs), their synthesis methods, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility. Considering their vast potential as antibacterial agents, the need for a methodical perspective is highly necessary to determine if it is a direction on the brink of recognition or a fruitless endeavour. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although several studies have been published on various metal ions-containing calcium phosphates, to this date there is no systematic overview pointing out the properties and benefits of gallium containing calcium phosphates. Here we offer a critical overview, including synthesis, structure and biological properties of gallium containing calcium phosphates.
Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate? (2021)

Postpartum uterine diseases are common in dairy cows and are a great concern for the dairy industry as they are associated with various consequences, including lower fertility, lower milk yield, and an overall negative impact on the host health. An infected uterus is a source of bacterial compounds and cytokines that spill into the systemic circulation, spreading inflammation to other organs. In this review article, we discuss a short overview of the anatomy of the reproductive tract of dairy cows and several infectious diseases of the uterus including metritis, endometritis, and pyometra. Additionally, we discuss the microbiome of the reproductive tract in health and during uterine diseases. As well, diagnostic criteria for metritis and endometritis and contributing factors for increased susceptibility to metritis infection are important topics of this review. To better understand how the uterus and reproductive tract respond to bacterial pathogens, a section of this review is dedicated to immunity of the reproductive tract. Both the innate and adaptive immunity systems are also discussed. We conclude the review with a factual discussion about the current treatments of uterine diseases and the new developments in the area of application of probiotics for uterine health. Mechanisms of actions of probiotics are discussed in detail and also some applications to prevent uterine infections in dairy cows are discussed.
Quantifying uniformity of mapped reads (2011)

Summary: We describe a tool for quantifying the uniformity of mapped reads in high-throughput sequencing experiments. Our statistic directly measures the uniformity of both read position and fragment length, and we explain how to compute a p-value that can be used to quantify biases arising from experimental protocols and mapping procedures. Our method is useful for comparing different protocols in experiments such as RNA-Seq. Availability and Implementation: We provide a freely available and open source python script that can be used to analyze raw read data or reads mapped to transcripts in BAM format at http://www.math.miami.edu/~vhower/ReadSpy.html . Contact: lpachter@math.berkeley.edu
Simple Mendelian Inheritance of the Repeating Yeast Ribosomal DNA Genes (1978)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has approximately 100–140 copies per haploid genome of the genes which code for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (Schweizer et al. 1969). Each ribosomal gene codes for four species of ribosomal RNA: the 25S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S rRNA (Udem and Warner 1972; Maxam et al. 1977; T. Petes et al., in prep.). In this paper we examine the inheritance of these repeating sequences.
Silicon Economy: Logistics as the Natural Data Ecosystem (2022)

Abstract The “Silicon Economy” is synonymous with a coming digital infrastructure (digital ecosystem) based on the automated negotiation, disposition, and control of flows of goods, enabling new, digital business models (not only) for logistics. This infrastructure requires and enables the trading of data without losing sovereignty over the data. It is the digital infrastructure and environment for the highly distributed AI algorithms along value networks. In contrast to oligopolistic developments in the B2C sector ( amazon.com , AirBnB, Alibaba, Uber, etc.), the Silicon Economy is a federated and decentralized platform ecosystem, the basic components of which are made available to the general public as open source for free use. The Silicon Economy ecosystem is becoming an enabler of supply chain ecosystems in which goods, autonomously controlled by Artificial Intelligence (AI), undergo orchestrated processes according to the situation. This article focuses on the origins and potentials but also on the technological foundations and challenges of the transformation toward a Silicon Economy.
Modeling and Micrograph Simulation of Ions Damage on Crystals. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Skeletal development in transgenic mice expressing a mutation at Gly574Ser of type II collagen (1997)

Skeletal development of transgenic mice with a type II collagen mutation was analyzed and compared with wild-type littermates. The single base substitution in Col2a1 resulted in a glycine to serine mutation within the helical domain and corresponded to one previously identified in a patient with the lethal human chondrodysplasia, hypochondrogenesis (Horton et al. [1992] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:4583-4587). Skeletal staining of embryos from 14.5 through 18.5 days of gestation demonstrated a dwarf phenotype in the transgenic embryos, most notably short limb bones and vertebral column that was first detected at 15.5 days post-coitus. In addition to the reduced length, the extent of ossification was less in the transgenic mice. The architecture of the long bone growth plate was abnormal in the transgenic tissue, in particular there was no discernible proliferative zone. There were few stacks of characteristically flattened cells and the overall length of the growth plate in the mutant embryos was reduced. At the ultrastructural level, there were fewer collagen fibrils present in the transgenic mouse cartilage compared to that of wild-type littermates. Ultrastructural localization of collagen types II, IX and XI revealed a similar pattern between the transgenic and wild-type pups, suggesting that the collagen fibrils present in the matrix of littermates with both phenotypes had a similar composition. Skeletal analysis and cartilage histochemistry indicated that effect of the type II collagen mutation was to reduce the density of the collagen fibrils within the cartilage matrix which was associated with delayed bone formation and resulted in a short-limbed phenotype.
Shock Wave Diffraction around Circular Cylinder Using Unstructured Adaptive Meshes. (1997)

The study of flow around a circular cylinder is one of the most important problems in not only basic research but also analysis of a complexity object. No numerical simulation of shock wave diffraction around circular cylinder has been carried out thus far. Under supersonic flow in particular, the numerical result is insufficient for the lack of resolution in the complicated flow around passing through circular cylinder. Therefore, we used unstructured adaptive meshes which can automatically divide elements only in the region of large variation. In the present paper, unstructured adaptive meshes were applied to MUSCL (monotone upstream centered scheme for conservation laws). Shocked flows around circular cylinder were investigated using the scheme. The reflection process was analyzed from the numerical results. The effects of limiter function were examined.
The accurate determination of serum glucose by isotope dilution mass spectrometry—two methods (1982)

Two isotope dilution mass spectrometric methods have been developed for the determination of D-glucose in human serum. Each uses a uniformly labeled (13C)glucose as the internal standard. The first method involves conversion of glucose into 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose and an extensive clean-up, followed by quantitation using packed column gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In the second method, glucose is converted into alpha-D-glucofuranose cyclic 1,2:3,5-bis(butylboronate)-6-acetate. The wet chemistry work-up is simpler, but analysis by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry is required. Both methods exhibit excellent precision (coefficients of variation less than 0.3%) and provided mean values that agree within 1% for all serum pools tested.
HLA matching in unrelated stem cell transplantation: what to type for? (2002)

, **, S. G.E. M ARSH* , **, J. A. M ADRIGAL* , ** , *** ABSTRACT HLA typing is the most important factor when selecting u n related bone marrow donors for transplantation. Since the d i s c o v e ry of the HLA system, the typing techniques have evol - ved tremendously from the initial serology methods to the DNA techniques used routinely today. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applications to the HLA field have allowed us to have a g reater knowledge of the HLA region, aiding in the discovery of novel HLA genes and an increasing number of HLA alleles at the diff e rent loci. To date more than a thousand HLA class I and class II alleles have been identified by sequencing analy - sis. This tremendous polymorphism demands quicker, better and more accurate molecular methods to precisely identify these alleles at the more polymorphic loci. Due to the fact that good HLA matching between donor and recipient is crucial in d e t e rmining the transplant outcome, one can imagine that in a few years time, only high (allelic) level resolution will be used for HLA typing when looking for the best donor for a reci - pient requiring stem cell transplantation.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Subthalamic Nucleus to Limbic, Associative, and Motor Networks (2017)

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small structure situated deep in the midbrain that exhibits wide-ranging functionality. In addition to its role in motor control, the STN is considered a hub for synchronizing aspects of emotion and cognition including attention, inhibitory control, motivation, and working memory. Evidence from neuroanatomical tracer studies suggests that the medial, ventromedial, and dorsolateral parts of the STN correspond to limbic, associative, and motor subdivisions, respectively. Although the extent of STN functional anatomical overlap remains unclear, blood oxygenation level dependent imaging of the STN may provide complementary information about the diverse functions of this structure. Methodological limitations in spatial and temporal resolutions, however, have prevented a comprehensive exploration of temporal correlations from the STN to the whole brain. In this study, we optimize spatial (2 mm isotropic) and temporal (TR = 1 s) resolutions to take full advantage of the time series signal-to-noise ratio capabilities of multichannel array coils and simultaneous multislice imaging. We interrogated STN seed-to-voxel resting-state functional MRI connectivity in a group of 30 healthy participants that included the whole brain at high-temporal and spatial resolutions. This analysis revealed STN functional connectivity to limbic, associative, and motor networks. Our findings contribute to the understanding of STN functional neuroanatomy in humans and are clinically relevant for ongoing research in deep brain stimulation.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 3O2 WITH DIHYDROFLAVINS. 1. N3,5‐DIMETHYL‐1,5‐DIHYDROLUMIFLAVIN AND 1,5‐DIHYDROISOALLOXAZINES (1978)

Abstract Die Oxidation des Dihydrolumiflavins (I) in Methanol ergibt das Radikal (II), das nach einer Inkubationszeit auftritt, und das Hydroperoxid (III), das mit (II) über das Kation zum Hydroxid (IVa) und mit (I) zum Radikal (II) weiterreagiert.
Understanding the natural progression in %FEV1decline in patients with cystic fibrosis: a longitudinal study (2012)

This approach provides a more realistic estimate of the %FEV1 trajectory of people with chronic lung disease by acknowledging the imprecision in individual measurements and the correlation structure of repeated measurements on the same individual over time. This method has applications for clinicians in assessing prognosis and the need for treatment intensification, and for use in clinical trials.
Physical and chemical characteristics of Asian sea bass bio‐calcium powders as affected by ultrasonication treatment and drying method (2021)

The effects of ultrasonication and drying method on particle size and other product characteristics of bio-calcium powder from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) backbone were investigated. Ultrasonication was performed at different amplitudes (60%, 70%, and 80%) for varying periods (15 and 30 min). Ultrasonication at higher amplitudes for a longer time reduced the powder particle size more effectively (p < .05), but had no impact on zeta potential (p > .05). The bio-calcium powder ultrasonicated at 70% amplitude for 15 min had the smallest particle size (3.38 µm) when compared to the control (28.85 µm). When the ultrasonicated bio-calcium was subjected to drying, freeze-drying produced powders with higher calcium solubility but lower whiteness than hot air (tray) drying. The results suggest that the ultrasonication is a potential suitable method to reduce the size of bio-calcium powders, while the drying method slightly affected the product characteristics. The bio-calcium powder could serve as a suitable functional ingredient for food fortification aimed at improving the calcium bioavailability. Particle size of bio-calcium powder from fishbone could affect the mouth feel and calcium solubility when used for food product fortification. This work showed that ultrasonication could be used to obtain up to 10-fold reduction in the particle size of fishbone bio-calcium powders, which promotes increased calcium solubility when subjected to simulated gastrointestinal tract digestion. Few differences in characteristics of the bio-calcium powder were observed for freeze-dried and hot air-dried samples. Thus, an economical, safe, and fast process can be implemented for the production of small particle size bio-calcium powder from fishbone.