gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictors of benefits to chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A meta-analysis. (2019)

e20595 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of NSCLC therapy. In previous study, gender, smoking history, and PD-L1 status were found to influence the efficacy of ICI monotherapy in NSCLC. This meta-analysis evaluated the clinical and molecular factors predictive of benefit from the addition of ICIs to first-line (1L) chemotherapy in metastatic NSCLC. Methods: Using the random effect model, we computed and compared the pooled hazard ratio (HR) of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among the selected subgroups. The correlation between PD-L1 expression level and outcome was analyzed by meta-regression. Results: 7 phase III randomized trials comparing CIT vs. chemo in the 1L treatment of stage 4 NSCLC were included. CIT evenly improved the PFS irrespective of age, gender, histology, smoking history and ECOG performance status (PS). While patients (pts) with liver metastasis or ALK/EGFR aberration had greater PFS with the addition of ICI to Bevacizumab (BEV) based chemo regimen, the derived benefit was no longer statistically significant among pts treated with non-BEV-based regimens. Whereas the PFS superiority conferred by CIT was noticed across all PD-L1 expression subgroups, the benefit correlated with PD-L1 level and was more pronounced in the “PD-L1 high” subset. Except for pts with EGFR/ALK abnormalities, squamous histology or liver metastasis, CIT yielded a consistent amelioration of OS across the other selected subgroups. Conclusions: Survival advantage associated with 1L CIT in metastatic NSCLC was observed in different pts population including those for which single-agent ICI has limited therapeutic benefit. Our findings support the role of chemo +/- VEGF blockade as enhancer of ICIs activity even in “less immunogenic” context. [Table: see text]
In-loop colour-space-transform coding based on integered SVD for HEVC range extensions (2013)

Inter colour-component correlation is generally very high in RGB 4:4:4 chroma format. To improve the coding performance of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) especially for such content, we propose the in-loop colour-space-transform. The colour space is dynamically transformed into un-correlated space by employing singular value decomposition (SVD) for each block at both the encoder and decoder. Signals in transformed colour space are coded with the existing intra / inter coding framework. We utilize the simplified SVD process implemented only by integer operations for the complexity reduction. Compared with HM10.0 as an anchor method, BD-bitrate gain reached 23.8% and 23.4% for the all intra case and the random access case, respectively, while a runtime of the decoder increase 4.8-9.8%.
Bridging the Gap: Science and Technology Policy in the (Bio)Engineering Classroom (2020)

Engineers and scientists have a key role to play in the creation and implementation of government policy. Policymakers need access to the technical expertise that is critical to our national progress and security; however, this need is often overlooked by engineering students, faculty, and professionals. Even though a substantial fraction of scientists and engineers end up pursuing jobs in government, engineering curricula do not usually provide any background in policy and for many, the policy-making process remains a black box. The good news is that there are some simple ways to make it more accessible and to encourage increased involvement. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the federal policy-making process and present a collection of classroom learning activities that link policy-making and implementation to science and engineering. These can easily be added to existing courses without wholesale curricular changes. We also suggest professional development activities for engineers at all stages of their careers and discuss ways for engineers to become involved in the policy process. Introducing learning and career development activities focused on science and engineering policy will better prepare engineers to provide needed technical expertise to policymakers. It may also encourage engineers to consider careers in local, state, and federal government.
Mechanistic and Single-Dose In Vivo Therapeutic Studies of Cry5B Anthelmintic Action against Hookworms (2012)

These studies advance the development of Cry5B protein as a potent, safe single-dose anthelmintic for hookworm therapy and make available the information of how Cry5B functions in C. elegans in order to study and improve Cry5B function against hookworms.
Systems Analysis, Design and Development Case Study: Sarah's Short Cakes Sales Order System (2017)

INTRODUCTIONDr. Thomas Waggoner was number 43. The sign said currently serving number 34. All he needed to do was pick up the three dozen cupcakes his wife had ordered for their daughter's birthday party, which was going to start in just under an hour. As Dr. Waggoner waited semipatiently, fortunately (for him, but unfortunately for the store) one by one several potential customers got tired of waiting and left. Unfortunately, as tasty and expertly designed as Sarah's cupcakes were, there was a significant problem with keeping everything organized. Ten minutes later, Dr. Waggoner's number was finally called. After the clerk retrieved his cupcakes, Dr. Waggoner decided to ask if the seeming disorganization was normal.Is it always this busy?Most days, yes. When the owner, Sarah, started the business about a year ago, she was worried whether we would have enough customers to make it work. Now, we are worried about whether we will be able to handle all the customers we have. We currently bake and sell between 80 and 100 dozen cupcakes each day. We can handle the daily sales - no problem. Every morning we make several batches of cupcakes in different flavors and with different colors of icing. These go in the display cases. We almost always sell these by the end of the day. The bigger problem is trying to keep track of the different custom orders, such as yours. And, on top of that, Sarah wants to open a second location sometime next year. am not sure how we are going to manage all that, but fortunately that is Sarah's concern, not mine!Dr. Waggoner decided to probe a little deeper, although he was also aware of the time and pending party. Since the store was actually void of customers at the moment, he asked,Do you have a system to help you track the orders? actually teach several computer systems courses at the university, and might be able to help.At that moment, the owner of Sarah's Short Cakes walked in from the back room and answered Dr. Waggoner's question.The answer to your question is, 'Not really'. The answer to your offer is 'Great!' interjected Sarah. I suppose have a 'system' but it is stored in my head. We write down the details on a sales order form so we get the orders correct, but we sometimes have trouble keeping track of how many orders we have promised for a particular day, and also in having enough of the right ingredients on hand.I have to get these cupcakes home, but would you like to get together later this week so can get a better understanding of your business? This could make a good project for my studentsThat would be great! Thanks, and tell your daughter Happy Birthday!Dr. Waggoner met with Sarah later that week to start understanding how her business operated (and enjoy a free cupcake! …
Imprinting of Nucleotide and Monosaccharide Recognition Sites in Acrylamidephenylboronic Acid−Acrylamide Copolymer Membranes Associated with Electronic Transducers (2002)

Molecular recognition sites for the nucleotides adenosine 5'-monophosphate (1), guanosine 5'-monophosphate (2), cytosine 5'-monophosphate (3), and uridine 5'-monophosphate (4) are imprinted in an acrylamide-acrylamidephenylboronic acid copolymer (5) membrane. The imprinted membranes are assembled on piezoelectric Au quartz crystals or Au electrodes via electropolymerization or on the gate surface of an ISFET device by radical polymerization. The imprinted membranes reveal selectivity toward the imprinted nucleotide, and the association of the respective nucleotides with the recognition sites is transduced by the following: (i) microgravimetric, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements; (ii) Faradaic impedance analyses, and (iii) potentiometric responses of the ISFET devices. While the microgravimetric QCM measurements reflect the swelling of the polymers upon the association of the nucleotides with the recognition sites, the ISFET response is due to the charging of the polymer membrane as a result of the formation of the nucleotide-boronate complex. The selective detection of the nucleotides may lead to new DNA/RNA sequencing methods. Also, specific recognition sites for beta-D(+)-glucose (6), D(+)-galactose (7), and beta-D(-)-fructose (8) were imprinted in an acrylamide-acrylamidephenylboronic acid copolymer (5) membrane associated with an ISFET device. Selective sensing of the respective monosaccharides is accomplished in the presence of the imprinted membrane-functionalized ISFET devices.
Non–TNF-Targeted Biologic vs a Second Anti-TNF Drug to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients With Insufficient Response to a First Anti-TNF Drug (2016)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01000441.
Determining the Noninfectious Complications of Indwelling Urethral Catheters (2013)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Utility-Based Resource Allocation under Multi-Connectivity in Evolved LTE (2017)

In the current 4G era, the dual connectivity technique utilizes radio resources scheduled by two distinct base stations for a single user equipment to enhance the data throughput. Multi- connectivity, as a natural evolution of dual connectivity, is one of the key 5G techniques to improve both the user performance and overall resource utilization, allowing dynamic user traffic steering across multiple connections of one or more radio access technologies (RATs). However, one of the main challenge in multi-connectivity is to efficiently allocate resources across multiple connections under heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we examine a resource allocation problem under multi- connectivity in an evolved LTE network and propose a utility proportional fairness (UPF) resource allocation that supports QoS in terms of requested rates. We evaluate the proposed policy with the proportional fairness (PF) resource allocation through extensive simulations and characterize performance gain from both the user and network perspectives under different conditions.
Resolution of the plenum of the interdepartmental scientific council on obstetrics and gynecology, RAMS M3 RF (2021)

Over the past 10 years in Russia, there has been an intensive increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the reproductive system in women, whose share in the structure of oncological diseases amounted to 36.9%. The current situation is primarily due to an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the mammary gland, endometrium, and ovaries. The incidence of breast cancer is growing at a particularly fast pace. Over the past decade, the indicators have increased by more than 70%. The emerging trend towards a decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer in the 70-80s was replaced by a new rise in the period 1990-1999, mainly due to the II-III stages of the disease. The main peak of incidence corresponds to the age period of 56-65 years with a tendency to "rejuvenate" breast cancer up to 35-50 years.
Cannabis as medicine: time for the phoenix to rise? (1998)

Since 1971 British doctors have been barred from prescribing cannabis under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Many otherwise law abiding people have subsequently thought it worthwhile to expose themselves to the risk, inconvenience, and expense of obtaining illegally a drug they believe can ease symptoms inadequately controlled by conventional medicines. Patients have told me how effective cannabis can be in relieving aches and pains, numbing the symptoms of opiate withdrawal, improving sleep, reducing anxiety, and alleviating the vomiting, anorexia, and depression associated with AIDS related disorders. Anecdotes such as these are all very well, but is there any scientific evidence that cannabis has real therapeutic value?

The BMA has addressed this question with an excellent report, which begins by reviewing the pharmacology.1 Only a few of the 60 or so chemicals unique to Cannabis sativa (cannabinoids) have so far been studied, the best known of which is the main psychoactive ingredient, δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Specific cannabinoid receptors in the brain and in spleen macrophages, and naturally …
Nonlinear elasticity and friction of liquid-crystalline polymer monolayers (1998)

In the present paper we consider nonlinear elasticity and friction of grafted persistent chains, which are highly stretched in the normal to the surface direction due to orientational interactions. We examine the normal and the lateral forces both in equilibrium and under shear sliding when the monolayer is confined by a bare surface. We show that in the confined monolayer in equilibrium the tilted orientation of the director becomes stable. In the sliding regime the friction force passes through a maximum value. The additional normal force in the sliding regime, when the distance between the surfaces is fixed, is also considered. We show that this force is attractive for small velocities and becomes repulsive for high velocities after the friction force passes through the maximum value.
Edge Map Extraction of an Image Based on the Gradient of its Binary Versions (2021)

Edge detection plays a very important role in many image processing and computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose a new non-deep learning edge detection technique based on three binary images with three different thresholds instead of gray or colored images. The proposed edge detection technique extracts the majority of the true edges. Extensive experiments are carried out and the results show that the proposed technique provides a performance ratio better than that of the existing non-deep learning techniques.
Variations in Binding Among Several Agonists at Two Stoichiometries of the Neuronal, α4β2 Nicotinic Receptor (2012)

Drug-receptor binding interactions of four agonists, ACh, nicotine, and the smoking cessation compounds varenicline (Chantix) and cytisine (Tabex), have been evaluated at both the 2:3 and 3:2 stoichiometries of the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Previous studies have established that unnatural amino acid mutagenesis can probe three key binding interactions at the nAChR: a cation−π interaction, and two hydrogen-bonding interactions to the protein backbone of the receptor. We find that all drugs make a cation−π interaction to TrpB of the receptor. All drugs except ACh, which lacks an N+H group, make a hydrogen bond to a backbone carbonyl, and ACh and nicotine behave similarly in acting as a hydrogen-bond acceptor. However, varenicline is not a hydrogen-bond acceptor to the backbone NH that interacts strongly with the other three compounds considered. In addition, we see interesting variations in hydrogen bonding interactions with cytisine that provide a rationalization for the stoichiometry selectivity seen with this compound.
Toward high value sensing: monolayer-protected metal nanoparticles in multivariable gas and vapor sensors (2017)

For detection of gases and vapors in complex backgrounds, "classic" analytical instruments are an unavoidable alternative to existing sensors. Recently a new generation of sensors, known as multivariable sensors, emerged with a fundamentally different perspective for sensing to eliminate limitations of existing sensors. In multivariable sensors, a sensing material is designed to have diverse responses to different gases and vapors and is coupled to a multivariable transducer that provides independent outputs to recognize these diverse responses. Data analytics tools provide rejection of interferences and multi-analyte quantitation. This review critically analyses advances of multivariable sensors based on ligand-functionalized metal nanoparticles also known as monolayer-protected nanoparticles (MPNs). These MPN sensing materials distinctively stand out from other sensing materials for multivariable sensors due to their diversity of gas- and vapor-response mechanisms as provided by organic and biological ligands, applicability of these sensing materials for broad classes of gas-phase compounds such as condensable vapors and non-condensable gases, and for several principles of signal transduction in multivariable sensors that result in non-resonant and resonant electrical sensors as well as material- and structure-based photonic sensors. Such features should allow MPN multivariable sensors to be an attractive high value addition to existing analytical instrumentation.
COMBINED POSTOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY AND PCV-CHEMOTHERAPY (CCNU, PROCARBAZINE AND VINCRISTINE) IN MANAGING ANAPLASTIC ASTROCYTOMA - A REPORT OF A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP (1993)

Postoperative radiotherapy together with CCNU, procarbazine and vincristine (PCV-chemotherapy regimen) were analysed in patients with histologically confirmed anaplastic astrocytoma. This report evaluates the long-term survival correlated with important prognostic variables. Patients who received more than 6 courses of the PCV-chemotherapy had significantly longer survival (P=0.03). Age and performance status, identified as important prognostic factors in previous studies, are confirmed in this analysis.
Wide-Band True Time Delay Phase Shifter Devices (1987)

Fiber optic links in microwave and millimeter wave region have recently been demonstrated. Integration of these links into systems require the development of fiber optic devices such as novel true time delay devices. Most of the currently available fiber optic time delay components provide for constant, fixed time delays. Many applications on the other hand, such as optically controlled phased arrays, would require variable time delays for phase shifting purposes. This paper is concerned with variable time delay devices and their systems integration.
Scheduling techniques for real-time applications consisting of periodic task sets (2002)

Scheduling algorithms for applications consisting of hard deadlines are described. A preemptive scheduling algorithm that avoids unnecessary preemptions is presented. Also, a predictive nonpreemptive scheduling algorithm is given that looks at future arrival times of tasks, and schedules them nonpreemptively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ion Channels and Zinc: Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity and Neurodegeneration (2012)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors, such as NMDA, AMPA and kainate receptors, are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate much of the excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Not only do these receptors bind glutamate, but they are also regulated by and facilitate the postsynaptic uptake of the trace metal zinc. This paper discusses the role of the excitotoxic influx and accumulation of zinc, the mechanisms responsible for its cytotoxicity, and a number of disorders of the central nervous system that have been linked to these neuronal ion channels and zinc toxicity including ischemic brain injury, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy.
An Earlier Predictive Rollover Index Designed for Bus Rollover Detection and Prevention (2018)

As vehicle rollovers annually cause a great deal of traffic-related deaths, an increasing number of vehicles are being equipped with rollover prevention systems with the aim of avoiding such accidents. To improve the functionality of active rollover prevention systems, this study provided a potential enhanced method with the intention to predict the tendency of the lateral load transfer ratio (LTR), which is the most common rollover index. This will help provide a certain amount of lead time for the control system to respond more effectively. Before the prediction process, an estimation equation was proposed to better estimate the LTR; the equation was validated using Simulink and TruckSim. Further, to eliminate the influence of drawbacks and make this method practical, a buffer operator was added. Simulation results showed that grey LTR (GLTR) was able to roundly predict the future trend of the LTR based on current and previous data. Under the tests of “Sine with Dwell” (Sindwell) and double lane change (DLC), the GLTR could provide the control system with sufficient time beforehand. Additionally, to further examine the performance of the GLTR, a differential system model was adopted to verify its effectiveness. Through the Sindwell maneuver, it was demonstrated that the GLTR index could improve the performance of the rollover prevention systems by achieving the expected response.
Determinants of heart rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats in healthy volunteers. (2005)

The acceleration of HR after a ventricular premature beat occurred within the first 11 beats in more than 75% of our healthy individuals. An increased HR prior to VPC affects HRT in men. Increasing age leads to an attenuation of HRT in men and to a reduction of TO in women. These results emphasise the significance of the physiological properties of HRT when using HRT for risk stratification, especially in elderly patients.
The use of unit norm tight measurement matrices for one-bit compressed sensing (2016)

In this paper we analyze the mean squared error (MSE) for one-bit compressed sensing schemes based on measurement matrices that correspond to unit norm tight frames. We show that, as in the unquantized case, sensing with unit norm tight frames improves the MSE in the reconstruction of sparse vectors from one-bit measurements using l\ and thresholding algorithms. From our analytical and experimental results we conclude that when implementing one-bit compressed sensing schemes with fixed measurement matrices unit norm tight frames are the measurements of choice.
Recent advances in radiotherapy (2010)

Radiation therapy has come a long way from treatment planning based on orthogonal radiographs with large margins around tumours. Advances in imaging and radiation planning software have led to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and, further, to intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). IMRT permits sparing of normal tissues and hence dose-escalation to tumours. IMRT is the current standard in treatment of head and prostate cancer and is being investigated in other tumour sites. Exquisitely sculpted dose distributions (increased geographical miss) with IMRT, plus tumour motion and anatomical changes during radiotherapy make image guided radiotherapy an essential part of modern radiation delivery. Various hardware and software tools are under investigation for optimal IGRT.
Sum frequency mixing of copper vapor laser output in KDP and beta -BBO (1989)

Generation at 271 nm by frequency summing the two copper vapor laser (CVL) output wavelengths (at 511 and 578 nm) in beta -BBO and KDP is reported. A maximum sum frequency output of 100 mW was obtained for 6.8 W total pump power from a CVL operating with a fully unstable (M=16) confocal cavity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>