gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Stray Inductance on Hard-Switched Switched Capacitor Converters (2014)

Switched capacitor (SC) converters are becoming quite popular for use in dc–dc power conversion. The concept of equivalent resistance in SC converters is frequently used to determine conduction losses that occur as a result of the load current. A variety of methodologies have been presented to predict the equivalent resistance in hard-switched SC converters. These works, however, did not consider the effect of stray inductance on equivalent resistance. Current power converter design practices favor higher switching frequencies, moving hard-switched SC converters into operating areas in which stray inductance affects converter performance. This paper presents an analytic equation that can be used to evaluate the effects of stray inductance on the equivalent resistance of SC converters. The concepts proposed here were verified by both digital simulation and a prototype converter. The equations presented can be used to evaluate the effects of stray inductance on SC converter performance, thereby helping designers set a maximum operating frequency to limit those effects.
A Pseudodearomatized PN3P*Ni–H Complex as a Ligand and σ-Nucleophilic Catalyst (2018)

In contrast to the conventional strategy of modifying the reactivities and selectivities of the transition metal and organocatalysts by varying the steric and electronic properties of organic substituent groups, we hereby demonstrate a novel approach that the sigma (σ) nucleophilicity of the imine arm can be significantly enhanced in a pseudodearomatized PN<sup>3</sup>P* pincer ligand platform to reach unprecedented N-heterocyclic carbene-like reactivity. Accordingly, the imine arm of the PN<sup>3</sup>P*Ni-H pincer complex efficiently catalyzes the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to epoxides, and serves as a ligand in the Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenative acylation of amines with alcohols.
LIPOXYGENASE CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES (1971)

SUMMARY The oxygen monitor was used in determining the linoleic acid oxidizing capacity of various plant tissues. Egg plant, potato, legume seeds, cauliflower and avocado contained considerable activity. The effects of nonionic detergents point to the presence of three types of lipoxygenase in the tissues tested. These are: (1) not affected by the detergent; (2) inhibited; and (3) either solubilized or stimulated by the detergent. Some tissues had considerable antioxidant activity as measured by their effect on commercial soybean lipoxygenase. These results lead to the conclusion that a low lipoxygenase activity may be due to the presence of antioxidants and definite conclusions cannot be drawn unless the enzyme is purified.
Theoretical elements of hierarchical control in vertebrate motor systems (1993)

The complexity of the control problem for vertebrate movement may lead investigators to assume that the controller which solves it must be similarly complex. This assumption implies that electrophysiological measurements from intermediate points in the functioning controller may be difficult to interpret due to their involvement in poorly understood computations. However, if it can be shown that a controller based on simple principles is capable of solving the problem, then simpler models of the biological computation can be proposed which may help to guide physiological research.
In this thesis, I describe models which use artificial neural networks to learn certain computations involved in the adaptive control of large-scale nonlinear systems. These models find compact intermediate representations of motor and sensory variables which allow the creation of a hierarchy of subunits. Such a hierarchy can divide the control problem into smaller pieces that can be learned efficiently. Central to these ideas is the concept of optimal unsupervised motor learning, which specifies criteria for choosing an internal representation. I develop algorithms which can compute the optimal internal representation using only observations of sensory and motor variables.
The purpose of the theoretical work is to demonstrate the existence of simple algorithms which share some of the impressive motor learning behaviors of vertebrate motor systems. The feasibility of these algorithms is demonstrated using simulations as well as a real two-joint planar robot arm. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Charge-Density Study of Deuterated Ammonium Ferrous Tutton Salt at 85 K and Comparison with CrII and CuII Salts (1992)

(ND 4 ) 2 [Fe(D 2 O) 6 ](SO 4 ) 2 cristallise a 85K dans P2 1 /a avec a=9,170, b=12,419, c=6,297A, β=106,69°, Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,018. L'analyse de la population des orbitales de valence fournit pour le fer la configuration 3d du champ cristallin proche. Quand les resultats pour les trois metaux sont compares, les charges deduites pour les unites M, D 2 O, S, SO 4 et ND 4 sont reduites d'environ 35% par rapport aux valeurs formelles. Les charges et populations des ions sulfate et complexe metallique different dans le cas du cuivre par rapport aux cas du fer et du chrome. Ces differences indiquent un transfert de charge important du sulfate vers le metal, via les liaisons hydrogene pour le fer et le chrome.
Effects of Erosion Protocol Design on Erosion/Abrasion Study Outcome and on Active Agent (NaF and SnF<sub>2</sub>) Efficacy (2016)

There is no standard for testing anti-erosive/anti-abrasive agents, making the assessment and comparison of study results difficult. Factors which are varied in study designs are amongst others the erosive medium regarding concentration and pH or movement type of acid. The present study therefore investigated the impact of these factors on dimension of tissue loss and on efficacy of active agents used as anti-erosive/anti-abrasive therapeutics. In 8 experiments, consisting of 8 groups each (n = 20 each), resulting in a total of 64 groups, enamel specimens were demineralised (10 days, 6 × 2 min/day) using different acids (1, 0.5 and 0.3% citric acid at native pH 2.3, 2.5 and 2.8, respectively, and 0.3% citric acid adjusted to pH 3.6) with two different movement types (jerky or smooth). Specimens were immersed (2 × 2 min/day) in slurries of 1,450 ppm F- toothpaste (NaF), 1,450 ppm F- and 3,436 ppm Sn2+ toothpaste (NaF/SnF2), 970 ppm F- and 3,000 ppm Sn2+ gel (SnF2) or placebo, or were additionally brushed during immersion (15 s, 200 g). All groups were in between stored in a mineral salt solution. Tissue loss was determined profilometrically. Movement type, pH and concentration of acid had a substantial impact on study outcome. The combination of jerky movement and concentrated acid masked, to some extent, differences between erosive and erosive-abrasive tissue loss. The acid at low concentration (0.3%), independent of pH, was too mild to produce any tissue loss. The model with the best ability to demonstrate effects of abrasive impacts and active agents used the 1% acid concentration combined with smooth acid movements.
Local Dynamics in DNA by Temperature-Dependent Stokes Shifts of an Intercalated Dye (1998)

For the first time, the static and dynamic properties of the interior of DNA have been measured through their effects on the Stokes shift of an intercalated dye. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of acridine orange (AO) intercalated in DNA have been measured from 100 to 320 K in a 3:1 glycerol−aqueous-buffer mixture. The solvent dependence of the excitation spectrum shows that AO is sensitive to the polarizability of its local environment but is insensitive to the local polarity. The interior of DNA provides a highly polarizable environment, similar to simple aromatic solvents. The Stokes shift of AO results from movements of neighboring groups that change the effective cavity size of the dye. A large portion of the Stokes shift in DNA can be frozen out at low temperature, as it can be in solution. This result shows that the interior of DNA has the diffusive and viscous dynamics characteristic of a fluid, rather than the purely vibrational dynamics of a crystal. At high viscosity, the rate of these dynamics is linked to that of the bulk solvent. We argue that the dye is sensing the movement of the DNA, and we propose that, at high viscosity, the rate of DNA motion is limited by the rate of solvent motion. The potential for extending these measurements to low solvent viscosities with ultrafast spectroscopy is very good.
Broadband Light Absorption and Efficient Charge Separation Using a Light Scattering Layer with Mixed Cavities for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells with Stability (2017)

CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> is one of the promising light sensitizers for perovskite photovoltaic cells, but a thick layer is required to enhance light absorption in the long-wavelength regime ranging from PbI<sub>2</sub> absorption edge (500 nm) to its optical band-gap edge (780 nm) in visible light. Meanwhile, the thick perovskite layer suppresses visible-light absorption in the short wavelengths below 500 nm and charge extraction capability of electron-hole pairs produced upon light absorption. Herein, we find that a new light scattering layer with the mixed cavities of sizes in 100 and 200 nm between transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide and mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer enables full absorption of short-wavelength photons (λ < 500 nm) to the perovskite along with enhanced absorption of long-wavelength photons (500 nm < λ < 780 nm). Moreover, the light-driven electric field is proven to allow efficient charge extraction upon light absorption, thereby leading to the increased photocurrent density as well as the fill factor prompted by the slow recombination rate. Additionally, the photocurrent density of the cell with a light scattering layer of mixed cavities is stabilized due to suppressed charge accumulation. Consequently, this work provides a new route to realize broadband light harvesting of visible light for high-performance perovskite photovoltaic cells.
The development of a novel hydrometallurgical process for nickel and cobalt recovery from Goro laterite ore (2000)

Nickeliferous laterite ores constitute most of the world's known nickel and cobalt resources and will likely be the predominant source of new nickel (and cobalt) in the future. Pressure acid leaching in horizontal agitated autoclaves is common to all new hydrometallurgical laterite treatment processes. Because only limited ore upgrading is possible, large volumes of relatively dilute leach solution are produced, containing about 5 g Ni/L and 0.5 g Co/L, as well as significant quantities of Mg and Mn. The novel Goro solution treatment process involves the recovery of nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with Cyanex® 301 directly from the partially neutralized leach solution (i.e. without prior upgrading step). Nickel, cobalt (and zinc) are selectively extracted without the addition of a neutralizing agent. The phase separation is excellent and the organic losses are very low. Stripping with hydrochloric acid produces a solution about 20 times more concentrated, allowing for ready removal of Zn by ion-exchange and cobalt recovery by amine solvent extraction in much smaller circuits. A high purity nickel oxide product is recovered by pyro-hydrolysis from the amine solvent extraction raffinate. The coproduced hydrochloric acid is recycled to the Cyanex® 301 SX circuit for stripping. With low reagent and energy costs, the Goro process is expected to have a significant advantage over other processes recently commissioned in Western Australia.
La obsesión por la imagen (2009)

Al ser humano siempre le ha obsesionado su imagen, quizás por ser la especie sobre el planeta con mayor diversidad fenotípica entre individuos. ¿Qué hace que seamos tan diversos fenotípicamente? Este trabajo resume la evolución de diferentes enfoques que se han usado para abordar esta pregunta y plantea una hipótesis para su estudio, todo ello ligado a la obra del artista plástico Armando Mariño (Santiago de Cuba, 1968). La obra de Mariño se abre a diversas interpretaciones y como exaltación crítica de la imagen aborda algunos de los aspectos de esta polémica. La obsesión por la imagen aún cautiva al ser humano y algunas invenciones como las "razas" y "tipos" humanos ensombrecen su análisis, pero la biología molecular brinda las herramientas necesarias para comprender la variación de fenotipos y otros rasgos complejos en la especie humana.
A Study and Analysis on Electromagnetic Compression Forming Processed Aluminum Alloy Tubes (2011)

Electromagnetic forming is one of the high- rate forming methods that are extensively used to form and join axisymmetric tubes and metal sheet. It is a high speed forming process using a pulsed magnetic field to form work pieces made of metals such as copper or aluminum alloys with high electrical conductivity. In this work, the experimental investigation and mathematical analysis of electromagnetic compression forming of aluminum alloy tubes AA6063 is studied. The aim of the work was to verify the results from MATLAB code with the experimental data. Experiments were conducted on aluminum alloy AA6063 tubes of outer diameter 40 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm with a nominal tensile strength of 214 MPa. The tube was compressed using 4 turn helical actuator discharge coil that can be energized up to 20 kJ. A study on the post forming characteristics hardness and on metallurgical effects were also carried out. The results of the mathematical analysis using MATLAB 2010 showed good correlation with experimental results.
Thiophene Fused Azacoronenes: Regioselective Synthesis, Self-Organization, Charge Transport and Its Incorporation in Conjugated Polymers (2014)

A regioselective synthesis of an azacoronene fused with two peripheral thiophene groups has been realized through a concise synthetic route. The resulting thienoazacoronene (TAC) derivatives show high degree of self-organization in solution, in single crystals, in the bulk, and in spuncast thin films. Spuncast thin film field-effect transistors of the TACs exhibited mobilities up to 0.028 cm2 V–1 S–1, which is among the top field effect mobilities for solution processed discotic materials. Organic photovoltaic devices using TAC-containing conjugated polymers as the donor material exhibited a high open-circuit voltage of 0.89 V, which was ascribable to TAC’s low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level.
Asynchronous Massive Access and Neighbor Discovery Using OFDMA (2022)

The fundamental communication problem in the wireless Internet-of-Things (IoT) is to discover a massive number of devices and to provide them with reliable access to shared channels. Oftentimes these devices transmit short messages randomly and sporadically. This paper proposes a novel signaling scheme for grant-free massive access, where each device encodes its identity and/or information in a sparse set of tones. Such transmissions are implemented in the form of orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA). Under some mild conditions and assuming device delays to be bounded unknown multiples of sampling intervals, sparse OFDMA is proved to enable arbitrarily reliable asynchronous device identification and message decoding with a codelength that is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(K(\log K+\log S + \log N))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the device population, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the actual number of active devices, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log S$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is essentially equal to the number of information bits each device can send. The computational complexity for discovery and decoding can be made to be <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(K(\log K)(\log K+\log S+\log N)+K^{2}\log K)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . As a proof of concept, a specific design is proposed to identify up to 200 active devices out of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=2^{96}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> possible devices with up to 20 samples of delay, moderate signal-to-noise ratios, and fading. If the device population is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=2^{48}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> instead, each active device can also transmit 48 bits to the access point at the same time. The codelength compares much more favorably with those of standard slotted ALOHA and carrier-sensing multiple access (CSMA) schemes.
Nondestructive detection of infertile hatching eggs based on spectral and imaging information (2015)

In order to quickly distinguish infertile eggs from fertile eggs, the hyperspectral imaging technology consisting of imaging and spectral information was used for detecting the fertile information of eggs. Before hatching eggs were incubated, a hyperspectral imaging system (wavelength between 400 to 1 000 nm) was used to acquire the images one-by-one manually. The characteristic information of ratios of length to short axis, elongation, roundness and the ratios of the yolk area to the whole area was extracted based on the images. The normalization method was used as the spectral data preprocessing, and then 155 spectral characteristic variables were extracted from 520 nm waveband through the correlation coefficient method. Principal component analysis (PCA) method was adopted to reduce the dimensions of image-spectrum fusion information; the top six principal components were extracted. Support vector machine (SVM) method was used to establish classification of fertile and infertile eggs models, which are based on image, spectrum and image-spectrum fusion information respectively. The accuracy rates of the SVM models were 84.00%, 90.00% and 93.00% respectively. The experimental results show that the model based on image-spectrum fusion information technology is superior to the single information model. Hyperspectral transmission imaging technology is effective and feasible to detect the fertile hatching eggs before incubation.
Keywords: hyperspectral image, hatching eggs, information fusion, nondestructive detection
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150804.1672

Citation: Zhu Z H, Liu T, Xie D J, Wang Q H, Ma M H. Nondestructive detection of infertile hatching eggs based on spectral and imaging information. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(4): 69－76.
Polyclonal Origin of Colonic Adenomas in an XO/XY Patient with FAP (1996)

It is widely accepted that tumors are monoclonal in origin, arising from a mutation or series of mutations in a single cell and its descendants. The clonal origin of colonic adenomas and uninvolved intestinal mucosa from an XO/XY mosaic individual with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) was examined directly by in situ hybridization with Y chromosome probes. In this patient, the crypts of the small and large intestine were clonal, but at least 76 percent of the microadenomas were polyclonal in origin.
Perceptually informed synthesis of bandlimited classical waveforms using integrated polynomial interpolation (2012)

Digital subtractive synthesis is a popular music synthesis method, which requires oscillators that are aliasing-free in a perceptual sense. It is a research challenge to find computationally efficient waveform generation algorithms that produce similar-sounding signals to analog music synthesizers but which are free from audible aliasing. A technique for approximately bandlimited waveform generation is considered that is based on a polynomial correction function, which is defined as the difference of a non-bandlimited step function and a polynomial approximation of the ideal bandlimited step function. It is shown that the ideal bandlimited step function is equivalent to the sine integral, and that integrated polynomial interpolation methods can successfully approximate it. Integrated Lagrange interpolation and B-spline basis functions are considered for polynomial approximation. The polynomial correction function can be added onto samples around each discontinuity in a non-bandlimited waveform to suppress aliasing. Comparison against previously known methods shows that the proposed technique yields the best tradeoff between computational cost and sound quality. The superior method amongst those considered in this study is the integrated third-order B-spline correction function, which offers perceptually aliasing-free sawtooth emulation up to the fundamental frequency of 7.8 kHz at the sample rate of 44.1 kHz.
In-Band Full-Duplexing (IBFD) based Cross-Layer Channel Access for In-Home Power Line Communication system (2019)

This paper proposes an in-band full-duplexing (IBFD) cross-layer channel access scheme for in-home broadband power line communication (BB-PLC) networks to enhance the medium access control (MAC) layer throughput. First, the IBFD channel sensing scheme is designed to allow STAs to detect collisions while transmitting to minimize the time spent on recovering collisions. Then, with considering the residual self-interference (RSI) in PHY layer, the hidden station (STA) collision resolve scheme is applied at central coordinator (CCo) to reduce the collision probability caused by hidden STAs. Simulated results finally show that the performance achieved by our protocol significantly outperforms comparative protocols.
The in vivo metabolism of recombinant human erythropoietin in the rat (1989)

We compared the in vivo plasma clearance and organ accumulation in anesthetized rats of 125I-labeled, recombinant human erythropoietin and 125I-labeled, desialylated recombinant erythropoietin. The immediate volume of distribution of 125I-labeled, recombinant erythropoietin approximated that of the plasma volume. Its plasma clearance was multiexponential, with an initial rapid distribution phase (t1/2 = 53 minutes) and a slower elimination phase (t1/2 = 180 minutes). Organ accumulation of labeled recombinant erythropoietin, as compared with 125I-labeled human albumin, was negligible until 30 minutes after injection when small amounts appeared in the kidneys and bone marrow. Only 24% of the 125I-labeled, desialylated recombinant erythropoietin was recovered immediately after injection, and 96% of the hormone was cleared from the plasma with a t1/2 of 2.0 minutes. The bulk of the desialylated hormone accumulated in the liver where it was rapidly catabolized and its breakdown products released back into the plasma. Significantly, in contrast to unmodified erythropoietin, there was also early accumulation of desialylated hormone in the kidneys, marrow, and spleen. Desialylated orosomucoid but not orosomucoid, yeast mannan, or dextran sulfate 500 inhibited the rapid plasma clearance and hepatic accumulation of desialylated erythropoietin. Oxidation of the desialylated hormone restored its plasma recovery and clearance to normal but rendered it biologically inactive, and accumulation in organs other than the kidney was negligible.