gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Passive Flow Control for a Boundary-Layer-Ingesting Offset Inlet Using Design-of-Experiments (2006)

This research will investigate the use of Design-of-Experiments (DOE) in the development of an optimal passive flow control vane design for a boundary-layer-ingesting (BLI) offset inlet in transonic flow. This inlet flow control is designed to minimize the engine fan-face distortion levels and first five Fourier harmonic half amplitudes while maximizing the inlet pressure recovery. Numerical simulations of the BLI inlet are computed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solver, OVERFLOW, developed at NASA. These simulations are used to generate the numerical experiments for the DOE response surface model. In this investigation, two DOE optimizations were performed using a D-Optimal Response Surface model. The first DOE optimization was performed using four design factors which were vane height and angles-of-attack for two groups of vanes. One group of vanes was placed at the bottom of the inlet and a second group symmetrically on the sides. The DOE design was performed for a BLI inlet with a free-stream Mach number of 0.85 and a Reynolds number of 2 million, based on the length of the fan-face diameter, matching an experimental wind tunnel BLI inlet test. The first DOE optimization required a fifth order model having 173 numerical simulation experiments and was able to reduce the DC60 baseline distortion from 64% down to 4.4%, while holding the pressure recovery constant. A second DOE optimization was performed holding the vanes heights at a constant value from the first DOE optimization with the two vane angles-of-attack as design factors. This DOE only required a second order model fit with 15 numerical simulation experiments and reduced DC60 to 3.5% with small decreases in the fourth and fifth harmonic amplitudes. The second optimal vane design was tested at the NASA Langley 0.3- Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel in a BLI inlet experiment. The experimental results showed a 80% reduction of DPCP(sub avg), the circumferential distortion level at the engine fan-face.
Control of cellular morphogenesis by the Ip12/Bem2 GTPase-activating protein: possible role of protein phosphorylation. (1994)

The IPL2 gene is known to be required for normal polarized cell growth in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We now show that IPL2 is identical to the previously identified BEM2 gene. bem2 mutants are defective in bud site selection at 26 degrees C and localized cell surface growth and organization of the actin cytoskeleton at 37 degrees C. BEM2 encodes a protein with a COOH-terminal domain homologous to sequences found in several GTPase-activating proteins, including human Bcr. The GTPase-activating protein-domain from the Bem2 protein (Bem2p) or human Bcr can functionally substitute for Bem2p. The Rho1 and Rho2 GTPases are the likely in vivo targets of Bem2p because bem2 mutant phenotypes can be partially suppressed by increasing the gene dosage of RHO1 or RHO2. CDC55 encodes the putative regulatory B subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, and mutations in BEM2 have previously been identified as suppressors of the cdc55-1 mutation. We show here that mutations in the previously identified GRR1 gene can suppress bem2 mutations. grr1 and cdc55 mutants are both elongated in shape and cold-sensitive for growth, and cells lacking both GRR1 and CDC55 exhibit a synthetic lethal phenotype. bem2 mutant phenotypes also can be suppressed by the SSD1-vl (also known as SRK1) mutation, which was shown previously to suppress mutations in the protein phosphatase-encoding SIT4 gene. Cells lacking both BEM2 and SIT4 exhibit a synthetic lethal phenotype even in the presence of the SSD1-v1 suppressor. These genetic interactions together suggest that protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation play an important role in the BEM2-mediated process of polarized cell growth.
Characterization of endo-metabolome exhibiting antimicrobial and antioxidant activities from endophytic fungus Cercospora sp. PM018 (2020)

In the context of increasing demand for novel pharmaceutical high-value compounds and their natural sources, endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are being recently explored for diverse bioactive metabolites. We report bioprocess optimization and biochemical characterization of the endo-metabolome possessing broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, from an endophytic fungus Cercospora sp. PM018 that was isolated from Lal-bisalyakarani (Aerva javanica Juss. Ex.Schult, an Indian indigenous medicinal plant). Potato dextrose medium having pH 4.0 and incubation temperature of 30 °C were found to be optimal for the enhanced bioactivities of the endo-metabolome after 12 days of fungal growth. In the antibiotic-potentiating assay, fractional inhibitory concentration <0.5 proved endo-metabolome's involvement in the synergistic antimicrobial activity due to the presence of mannitol as a crucial constituent. Bioassay-guided chromatographic separation and subsequent GC–MS analysis identified a few important antibacterial compounds, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. Interestingly, it was deciphered that the host plant botanicals modulated the endophytic fungus to grow more at the expense of reduced bioactivities. A substantial change in fungal endo-metabolomic profile was observed in the presence of host botanicals, which might account for the reduced bioactivities. The reduction of bioactivities in terms of biocontrol features of Cercospora sp. for both host and non-host plants, implies the necessity of in-depth study on any endophyte (having bioactivities) before tagging them with biocontrol potential. On the contrary, owing to its diverse bioactive potentials, the endophytic Cercospora sp. PM018 has worthy future prospect to be utilized in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Irgm1 coordinately regulates autoimmunity and host defense at select mucosal surfaces (2017)

The pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease that targets the mucosa of exocrine tissues, is poorly understood. Although several mouse models have been developed that display features of SS, most of these are within the larger context of a lupus-like presentation. Immunity-related GTPase family M protein 1 (Irgm1) is an interferon-inducible cytoplasmic GTPase that is reported to regulate autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we report that naive Irgm1-/- mice display lymphocytic infiltration of multiple mucosal tissues including the lung in a manner reminiscent of SS, together with IgA class-predominant autoantibodies including anti-Ro and anti-La. This phenotype persists in the germ-free state, but is abolished by deletion of Irgm3. Irgm1-/- mice have increased local production in the lung of TECP15-idiotype IgA, a natural antibody with dual reactivity against host and pneumococcal phosphorylcholine. Associated with this, Irgm1-/- mice display enhanced opsonization and clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lung and increased survival from pneumococcal pneumonia. Taken together, our results identify Irgm1 as a master regulator of mucosal immunity that dually modulates evolutionarily conserved self- and other-directed immune responses at the interface of host with environment.
The use of combinatorial materials development for polymer solar cells (2000)

We use a combinatorial approach to develop molecular plastic solar cells based on soluble fullerene derivatives blended with conjugated polymers. A combinatorial way of sample preparation is well suited to deal with the multitude of possible combinations of the components of such blends. We use high mobility poly(thiophene) and poly(phenylenevinylene) derivatives to be combined with acceptors. Gradients of methanofullerene/polymer concentration were formed by diffusion of the low molecular weight component in the spin-cast polymer matrix. Likewise the gradients of zinc phthalocyanine/C60 were prepared by co-evaporation of the two materials from two sources to make a linear array of photodiode devices. Photo- and electrophysical properties, such as absorption, luminescence, short circuit photocurrent and open circuit photovoltage, were measured using a specially designed installation with a resolution of 70–100 µ. Clear evidence was obtained that the photoconversion efficiency increased with the amount of methanofullerene up to very high levels, in the case of methanofullerene/polymer blends, verifying the important role of the acceptor in the photoconversion. By choosing the optimal ratio between C60 and ZnPc in the evaporated layer it is possible to obtain high photocurrent in the 600–700 nm range, due to the added contribution from photoinduced electron transfer between the two molecules. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bistable spatial light modulator using a ferroelectric liquid crystal (1990)

A bistable spatial light modulator is developed by utilizing optical bistability of ferroelectric liquid-crystal molecule.Both positive and negative images are read out by changing the polarity of applied electric pulses. A binary image is stored for more than 2 h, and gray-level operation is also possible during the gradual decay after writing.
Absorption mechanism of the second pulse in double-pulse femtosecond laser glass microwelding (2013)

The absorption mechanism of the second pulse is experimentally and theoretically investigated for high-efficiency microwelding of photosensitive glass by double-pulse irradiation using a femtosecond laser. The transient absorption change during the second pulse irradiation for various energies induced by the first pulse is measured at different delay times. The resulting effects depend on whether the delay time is 0-30 ps (time domain I) or 30- several ns (domain II). By solving rate equations for the proposed electronic processes, the excitation and relaxation times of free electrons in time domain I are estimated to be 0.98 and 20.4 ps, respectively, whereas the relaxation times from the conduction band to a localized state and from the localized state to the valence band in domain II are 104.2 and 714.3 ps, respectively. Single-photon absorption of the second pulse by free electrons dominates in domain I, resulting in high bonding strength. In time domain II, about 46% of the second pulse is absorbed by a single photon due to the localized state, which is responsible for higher bonding strength compared with that prepared by single-pulse irradiation.
Clinical signs and left atrial size in cats with cardiovascular disease in general practice (2011)

Heart rate is unreliable for diagnosing heart failure in cats. Absence of murmur is prevalent in cats with clinical signs of heart failure, but arrhythmia and gallop sounds are prevalent. Echocardiographic measurement of left atrial diameter >16.5 mm may distinguish heart failure from respiratory disease in general practice.
On the effects of user mobility on the uplink an OFDMA system (2004)

The combination of the OFDM transmission technique with a channel adaptive FDMA multiple access can increase the bandwidth efficiency and flexibility of a communication system. However, in an environment with mobile users inter carrier interference and the time-variance of the channel transfer function demand for robust system design which can tolerate these impairments while still maintaining the required system performance. In this paper the impact of different effects of user mobility are studied for an OFDM uplink and compared before the background of their influence on the overall system performance. A system will be proposed that offers the same performance as a conventional OFDM uplink system even under these conditions.
Cognitive, Mental and Physical Rehabilitation Using a Configurable Virtual Reality System (2006)

This paper describes a unified approach to virtual reality platform and treat this domain as a whole whereas the cognitive, psychological and physical aspects of helping people are all encompassed within a single solution, called Cyber Care Clinique (CCC). The underlying idea is to create a single hospital unit with virtual reality services to which different departments can subscribe their patients to and therefore maximize the utilization of the system. In this model, the flexibility and ease of reconfigurability of the VR solution as well as the virtual environments themselves play a critical role. Therefore we created a unique platform to serve the needs of multiple health-care units and allow for the treatment of a large number of patients. The paper describes in detail the technical aspects of our solution as well as clinical application areas we successfully implemented and evaluated during the past years.
Gas/surface reactions in the chemical vapor deposition of tungsten using WF6/SiH4 mixtures (1989)

We have studied the surface reactions of WF6/SiH4 mixtures on Si(100) that are relevant to the chemical vapor deposition of tungsten using x-ray photoemission and molecular-beam reactive scattering. The overall reaction is found to be 3SiH4+2WF6→2W+3SiF4+6H2 with very little production of HF. The reaction proceeds by repeating the cycle of tungsten deposition by the reaction of WF6 with silicon, and the deposition of silicon by the reaction of SiH4 with the fluorinated tungsten surface.
Ermittlung optimaler Trennsysteme zur quantitativen Chromatographie von Citronensäure und ihren thermischen Umsetzungsprodukten (1967)

Abstract Der vorgeschlagenen Methode liegt die Flüssigkeits‐Verteilungschromatographie zugrunde. Die zweckmäßigsten Bedingungen für die Trennung der Säuren werden anhand der Untersuchungen über die Anwendbarkeit von 2 ternären Lösungsmittelsystemen ermittelt. Veranschaulicht ist ein Verfahren zur Phasenwahl. Die Methode ist zur Untersuchung der stabilisierenden Wirkung der Citronensäure auf Pflanzenöle anwendbar.
Algorithms that "Don't See Color": Comparing Biases in Lookalike and Special Ad Audiences (2019)

Researchers and journalists have repeatedly shown that algorithms commonly used in domains such as credit, employment, healthcare, or criminal justice can have discriminatory effects. Some organizations have tried to mitigate these effects by simply removing sensitive features from an algorithm's inputs. In this paper, we explore the limits of this approach using a unique opportunity. In 2019, Facebook agreed to settle a lawsuit by removing certain sensitive features from inputs of an algorithm that identifies users similar to those provided by an advertiser for ad targeting, making both the modified and unmodified versions of the algorithm available to advertisers. We develop methodologies to measure biases along the lines of gender, age, and race in the audiences created by this modified algorithm, relative to the unmodified one. Our results provide experimental proof that merely removing demographic features from a real-world algorithmic system's inputs can fail to prevent biased outputs. As a result, organizations using algorithms to help mediate access to important life opportunities should consider other approaches to mitigating discriminatory effects.
A highly noise-immune touch controller using Filtered-Delta-Integration and a charge-interpolation technique for 10.1-inch capacitive touch-screen panels (2013)

Capacitive touch-screen panels (TSPs) are widely used in recent high-end mobile products on the basis of their high quality of touch features, as well as superior visibility and durability [1-5]. Capacitive TSPs can be classified into self-capacitance [1,2] or mutual-capacitance [3-5] types, according to the sensing mechanism. Compared with the self-capacitance types, which offer low cost and high scan frequency from the simple line-sensing scheme, the mutual-capacitance types, which read out all sensor pixels, are presently widely preferred due to their multi-touch capabilities. However, the reduced sensing time for each sensor makes it difficult to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, good noise performance in the analog front-end of the touch controller is essential for mutual-capacitance type TSPs.
On Waveform Design In Interference-Tolerant Range-Doppler Estimation For Wideband Multistatic Radars (2011)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Barcelona, Spain, 2011
U-Omp19 from Brucella abortus Is a Useful Adjuvant for Vaccine Formulations against Salmonella Infection in Mice (2017)

Most pathogens infect through mucosal surfaces, and parenteral immunization typically fails to induce effective immune responses at these sites. Development of oral-administered vaccines capable of inducing mucosal as well as systemic immunity while bypassing the issues of antigen degradation and immune tolerance could be crucial for the control of enteropathogens. This study demonstrates that U-Omp19, a bacterial protease inhibitor with immunostimulatory features, coadministered with <i>Salmonella</i> antigens by the oral route, enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice. U-Omp19 was able to increase antigen-specific production of IFN-γ and IL-17 and mucosal (IgA) antibody response. Finally, oral vaccination with U-Omp19 plus <i>Salmonella</i> antigens conferred protection against virulent challenge with <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, with a significant reduction in bacterial loads. These findings prove the efficacy of this novel adjuvant in the <i>Salmonella</i> infection model and support the potential of U-Omp19 as a suitable adjuvant in oral vaccine formulations against mucosal pathogens requiring T helper (Th)1-Th17 protective immune responses.
Optimal Design of Encoding Profiles for ABR Streaming (2018)

We discuss the problem of optimal design of encoding profiles for adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming. We formalize this problem and show that it belongs to a class of non-linear constrained optimization problems, with several methods available for solving it numerically. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by several examples of optimal encoding ladders constructed for different sources and network models.
Flow diversion in vasculitic intracranial aneurysms? Repair of giant complex cavernous carotid aneurysm in polyarteritis nodosa using Pipeline embolization devices: first reported case (2015)

Intracranial aneurysms in polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) are exceedingly rare lesions with unpredictable behavior that pose real challenges to microsurgical and endovascular interventions owing to their inflammatory nature. We introduce a safe and effective alternative for treating these aneurysms using Pipeline embolization devices (PEDs). A 20-year-old man presented with diplopia, headaches, chronic abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnostic evaluations confirmed PAN, including bilateral giant cavernous carotid aneurysms. Cyclophosphamide and steroids achieved significant and sustained clinical improvement, with a decision to follow the aneurysms serially. Seven years later the left unruptured aneurysm enlarged, causing a sudden severe headache and a cavernous sinus syndrome. Treatment of the symptomatic aneurysm was pursued using flow diversion (PED) and the internal carotid artery was successfully reconstructed with a total of four overlapping PEDs. At 6 months follow-up, complete exclusion of the aneurysm was demonstrated, with symptomatic recovery. This is the first description of using a flow-diverting technique in an inflammatory vasculitis. In this case, PEDs not only attained a definitive closure of the aneurysm but also reconstructed the damaged and fragile arterial segment affected with vasculitis.
Polarimetric MIMO radar with distributed antennas for target detection (2009)

Distributed antenna radar systems provide spatial diversity gain by viewing the target from different angles. Polarimetric radar offers improved performance over conventional radar systems by exploiting polarization diversity. We propose a radar system that offers both spatial and polarimetric diversity gains for detecting stationary point-like targets. The receive antennas of the proposed system use 2D vector sensors, each measuring the horizontal and vertical components of the received electric field separately. We design the Neyman-Pearson detector for this proposed system and analyze its performance. This analysis is used to select the optimal transmit polarizations for this system. Using simulations, we demonstrate the improvement offered by the optimal choice of polarizations. We also show the spatial diversity offered by MIMO radar.
Correct relative permeability data from steady-state experiments for capillary end effects (2023)

Water-oil relative permeability curves can be obtained from co-injection experiments at steady-state (SS) conditions. The two-phase Darcy's law can be used to calculate the relative permeability directly only when water saturation is constant along the core. However, the capillary end effect (CEE) causes water accumulation or depletion at the end of the core depending upon the wettability. This work modifies the Intercept Method initially proposed by Gupta and Maloney. Similar to their work, we again envisage carrying out a steady-state (SS) co-injection experiment. For each ratio of water to oil flowrate (F=qwqo), we require experiments at different total flowrates. From each run, we obtain pressure drop across the core and average water saturation inside the core. We demonstrate mathematically that a plot of average water saturation vs. reciprocal of oil flowrate gives a straight line whose intercept is the water saturation in the unaffected region. A plot of pressure difference vs. oil flowrate yields a straight line whose slope gives the oil relative permeability which can be used to calculate water relative permeability. It is necessary to perform the SS experiment at least three times for the same F=qwqo (at different oil/water rates). The same procedure is used for other values of F to obtain more data points to construct the relative permeability curves. An experimental step-by-step procedure for experimental engineers to follow is given in appendix C.
Direct comparison of MRI and X-ray CT technologies for 3D imaging of root systems in soil: potential and challenges for root trait quantification (2015)

Both techniques performed equally well for pots with small diameters which are best suited to monitor root development of seedlings. To investigate specific root details or finely graduated root diameters of thin roots, CT was advantageous as it provided the higher spatial resolution. For larger pot diameters, MRI delivered higher fractions of the root systems than CT, most likely because of the strong root-to-soil contrast achievable by MRI. Since complementary information can be gathered with CT and MRI, a combination of the two modalities could open a whole range of additional possibilities like analysis of root system traits in different soil structures or under varying soil moisture.
High-Speed, Enhancement-Mode GaN Power Switch With Regrown ${\rm n}+$ GaN Ohmic Contacts and Staircase Field Plates (2013)

We report a novel GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor device that incorporates vertically scaled epilayers, a nanoscale gate with integrated staircase-shaped field plates, and regrown ohmic contacts. This device technology has an unprecedented combination of high breakdown (176 V), low ON-resistance (1.2 Ωmm), enhancement-mode operation (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> =+0.35 V), and excellent high-frequency performance (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =50/120 GHz), which enables new applications as a high-frequency power switch or a microwave power amplifier. The gate design manages the electric field at the drain edge of the gate, which mitigates dynamic ON-resistance degradation.