gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Riproximin Binding Properties Reveals a Novel Mechanism for Cellular Targeting (2012)

Riproximin is a cytotoxic type II ribosome-inactivating protein showing high selectivity for tumor cell lines. Its binding to cell surface glycans is crucial for subsequent internalization and cytotoxicity. In this paper, we describe a unique mechanism of interaction and discuss its implications for the cellular targeting and cytotoxicity of riproximin. On a carbohydrate microarray, riproximin specifically bound to two types of asialo-glycans, namely to bi- and triantennary complex N-glycan structures (NA2/NA3) and to repetitive N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), the so-called clustered Tn antigen, a cancer-specific O-glycan on mucins. Two glycoproteins showing high riproximin binding, the NA3-presenting asialofetuin and the clustered Tn-rich asialo-bovine submaxillary mucin, were subsequently chosen as model glycoproteins to mimic the binding interactions of riproximin with the two types of glycans. ELISA analyses were used to relate the two binding specificities of riproximin to its two sugar binding sites. The ability of riproximin to cross-link the two model proteins revealed that binding of the two types of glycoconjugates occurs within different binding sites. The biological implications of these binding properties were analyzed in cellular assays. The cytotoxicity of riproximin was found to depend on its specific and concomitant interaction with the two glycoconjugates as well as on dynamic avidity effects typical for lectins binding to multivalent glycoproteins. The presence of definite, cancer-related structures on the cells to be targeted determines the therapeutic potency of riproximin. Due to its cross-linking ability, riproximin is expected to show a high degree of specificity for cells exposing both NA2/NA3 and clustered Tn structures.
Background digital calibration techniques for pipelined ADCs (1997)

A skip and fill algorithm is developed to digitally self-calibrate pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) in real time. The proposed digital calibration technique is applicable to capacitor-ratioed multiplying digital-to-analog converters (MDACs) commonly used in multistep or pipelined ADCs. This background calibration process can replace, in effect, a trimming procedure usually done in the factory with a hidden electronic calibration. Unlike other self-calibration techniques working in the foreground, the proposed technique is based on the concept of skipping conversion cycles randomly but filling in data later by nonlinear interpolation. This opens up the feasibility of digitally implementing calibration hardware and simplifying the task of self-calibrating multistep or pipelined ADCs. The proposed method improves the performance of the inherently fast ADCs by maintaining simple system architectures. To measure errors resulting from capacitor mismatch, of amp DC gain, offset, and switch feedthrough in real time, the calibration test signal is injected in place of the input signal using a split-reference injection technique. Ultimately, the missing signal within two-thirds of the Nyquist bandwidth is recovered with 16-b accuracy using a forty-fourth order polynomial interpolation, behaving essentially as an FIR filter,.
Augmented Hill-Climb increases reinforcement learning efficiency for language-based de novo molecule generation (2022)

A plethora of AI-based techniques now exists to conduct de novo molecule generation that can devise molecules conditioned towards a particular endpoint in the context of drug design. One popular approach is using reinforcement learning to update a recurrent neural network or language-based de novo molecule generator. However, reinforcement learning can be inefficient, sometimes requiring up to 10^5 molecules to be sampled to optimize more complex objectives, which poses a limitation when using computationally expensive scoring functions like docking or computer-aided synthesis planning models. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning strategy called Augmented Hill-Climb based on a simple, hypothesis-driven hybrid between REINVENT and Hill-Climb that improves sample-efficiency by addressing the limitations of both currently used strategies. We compare its ability to optimize several docking tasks with REINVENT and benchmark this strategy against other commonly used reinforcement learning strategies including REINFORCE, REINVENT (version 1 & 2), Hill-Climb and best agent reminder. We find that optimization ability is improved ~1.5-fold and sample-efficiency is improved ~45-fold compared to REINVENT while still delivering appealing chemistry as output. Diversity filters were used, and their parameters were tuned to overcome observed failure modes that take advantage of certain diversity filter configurations. Lastly, we find that Augmented Hill-Climb outperforms the other reinforcement learning strategies used on six tasks, especially in the early stages of training or for more difficult objectives. Overall, we hence show that AHC improves sample-efficiency for language-based de novo molecule generation conditioning via reinforcement learning, compared to the current state-of-the-art. This makes more computationally expensive scoring functions, such as docking, more accessible on a relevant timescale.
Charging and structure of zwitterionic supported bilayer lipid membranes studied by streaming current measurements, fluorescence microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2009)

The authors report on the characterization of the charge formation at supported bilayer lipid membranes (sBLMs) prepared from the zwitterionic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine on planar silicon dioxide substrates. The charging of the sBLMs was studied in KCl solutions of different ionic strengths between 0.1 and 10 mM by streaming current measurements. In addition, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy were applied to determine the lipid concentration in the membrane and to study the influence of the harsh conditions (pH 9-2, shear forces) during the electrokinetic measurements on the membrane stability and the lipid diffusion coefficient. The sBLMs were found to be extremely stable. Isoelectric points of about 4 revealed that unsymmetrical adsorption of hydroxide and hydronium ions determined the charging of the outer leaflet of the membrane in the investigated pH range. The diffusion coefficients were found to be rather independent on the ionic strength at neutral and alkaline pH. However, significantly decreased lipid diffusion at pH<4 indicated a charge-induced transition of the fluidic bilayer into a gel/ordered-phase bilayer.
A Model of Patrons’ Impulsive Ordering Behaviors in Luxury Restaurants (2015)

Impulsive ordering behavior is an issue of great importance for revenue maximization in the luxury restaurant industry. This research aimed to develop and test a model of patrons' impulsive ordering behaviors in the luxury restaurant context. The existing literature supported that two theoretical antecedents stimulate patrons' impulsive ordering behaviors: (1) menu browsing time and (2) patron trust in the restaurant. Based on a literature review, it was hypothesized that 10 theoretical antecedents positively influence menu browsing time and trust. During the model development process, it was suggested that patrons' hedonism could play a moderating role in the relationship between atmosphere and menu browsing time. Consequently, 13 theoretical hypotheses were proposed, resulting in a structural model. The model was tested using empirical data collected from 379 luxury restaurant patrons. Based on the results of data analysis, all of the hypotheses were supported. The theoretical/empirical interpretations of these findings are discussed.
Design of Memory Sub-System in H.264/AVC Decoder (2007)

In this paper, we present the memory sub-system of a H.264/AVC decoder designed for high profile and level 4. Our design incorporates a synchronization buffer as a pre-cache buffer. We investigate the efficiency of DRAM access and power dissipation when the buffer is designed at different granularities. Statistical results show that the granularity of larger block size has higher memory efficiency, less access cycles and power dissipation. However, the granularity of 8times8 block size provides better trade-off among cost, efficiency, power, and real-time requirement.
A Feature Representation Method Based on Dual Segment and Entropy Evaluation for Aeroengine Gas Path Anomaly Detection (2022)

Traditional methods for gas path anomaly detection cannot fully extract remarkable shape features that can represent the gas path anomaly mode. Therefore, a feature representation method based on dual segment and entropy evaluation for aeroengine gas path anomaly detection is proposed in this paper. Taking the temporal and spatial correlations of the multivariate time series into consideration, the expression rule of the anomaly mode in the multivariate gas path parameter deviation time series is analyzed, on this basis, time series subsequence segment method is determined. To obtain the features that best fit the anomaly expression rule, a dual segment method based on piecewise optimal fitting is proposed. The entropy evaluation method is introduced to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the primary features while calculating the common shape features of subsequence, and then the remarkable shape feature matrix for anomaly detection is determined. Finally, the early warning for the gas path anomaly is realized by mining the potential anomaly mode of the gas path state using isolation forest model. The experimental results show that this method can improve the accuracy of aeroengine gas path anomaly detection.
Biomapping of microbial indicators on beef subprimals subjected to spray or dry chilling over prolonged refrigerated storage (2021)

As the global meat market moves to never frozen alternatives, meat processors seek opportunities for increasing the shelf life of fresh meats by combinations of proper cold chain management, barrier technologies, and antimicrobial interventions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of spray and dry chilling combined with hot water carcass treatments on the levels of microbial indicator organisms during the long-term refrigerated storage of beef cuts. Samples were taken using EZ-Reach™ sponge samplers with 25 mL buffered peptone water over a 100 cm2 area of the striploin. Sample collection was conducted before the hot carcass wash, after wash, and after the 24 h carcass chilling. Chilled striploins were cut into four sections, individually vacuum packaged, and stored to be sampled at 0, 45, 70, and 135 days (n = 200) of refrigerated storage and distribution. Aerobic plate counts, enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms, and psychrotroph counts were evaluated for each sample. Not enough evidence (p > 0.05) was found indicating the hot water wash intervention reduced bacterial concentration on the carcass surface. E. coli was below detection limits ( 0.05) was found between coliform counts throughout the sampling dates. Feed type did not seem to influence the (p > 0.25) microbial load of the treatments. Even though no immediate effect was seen when comparing spray or dry chilling of the samples at day 0, as the product aged, a significantly lower (p < 0.05) concentration of aerobic and psychrotrophic organisms in dry-chilled samples could be observed when compared to their spray-chilled counterparts. Data collected can be used to select alternative chilling systems to maximize shelf life in vacuum packaged beef kept over prolonged storage periods.
0412 Parents Sleep Longer When School is Out for the Summer: Associations Among Parenthood, Gender, and Season (2020)

Abstract Introduction Seasonal effects in sleep are often attributed to day length; however, change in obligatory daily activities might also have an impact on sleep behavior. Longitudinal measurement using consumer sleep technology enables the observation of patterns in sleep behavior in the home environment. We analyzed the impact of parenthood and gender on total sleep time (TST) over the summer break period using data collected in the home. Methods Sleep data were collected using the SleepScore mobile application from October 2018 through October 2019, with the summer break period defined as June 25th - August 5th. U.S. age and gender matched samples of parents and non-parents were selected using Mahalanobis distance from a pool of users more likely to have school-aged children. The final samples included n=345 parents (38.7 +/- 4.5 years) and n=345 non-parents (37.8 +/- 4.7 years); both groups were 46% female. Only weeknights (n=34,323) were analyzed to maximize impact of school schedule. Linear regression and independent t-tests were used to analyze main and interaction effects for gender, parenthood, and summer break. Results Male gender, parenthood, and summer break were associated with decreased sleep duration (ps &amp;lt; .01). However, during summer break, parents exhibited an increase in TST, with mothers (+5.6 mins) having a greater increase than fathers (+1.1 mins). In contrast, adults without children showed a decrease in TST during summer break, with males having a greater reduction (-8.8 mins) than females (-6.5 mins). Conclusion These results suggest that parental status may play a part in seasonal sleep patterns. Contrary to the typical trend of shorter TST during summer, being a parent is associated with longer TST during summer break, with a greater increase for females. This change may be attributed to parents following a less rigid schedule when their children are not in school. Support N/A
SUBSTITUTION AND CALORIC REGULATION IN A CLOSED ECONOMY (1996)

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of an imperfect substitute for food on demand for food in a closed economy. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats pressed a lever for their entire daily food ration, and a fixed ratio of presses was required for each food pellet. In both experiments, the fixed ratio was held constant during a daily session but was increased between sessions. The fixed ratio was increased over a series of daily sessions once in the absence of concurrently available sucrose and again when sucrose pellets were freely available. For both series, increases in the fixed ratio reduced food intake, but body weight was reduced only in the no-sucrose condition. In the sucrose condition, body weight and total caloric intake (sucrose plus food) were relatively unaffected by increases in the fixed ratio. At all fixed ratios, food intake was proportionally reduced by the intake of sucrose. In Experiment 3, monkeys obtained food or saccharin by pressing keys; the fixed ratio of presses per food pellet was increased once when tap water was each monkey's only source of fluid, again when each monkey's water was sweetened with saccharin, and a third time when each monkey had concurrent access to the saccharin solution and plain water. Increases in the fixed ratio, but not the intake of the saccharin solution, reduced each monkey's food intake. Because neither rats' sucrose nor monkeys' saccharin intakes affected the slope of the respective demand curves for food, monkeys and rats increased their daily output of presses and thereby defended their daily intake of those complementary elements of food. However, sucrose reduced rats' food intake. The relative constancy of body weight and total caloric intake in the sucrose condition is consistent with the possibility that rats tended to regulate caloric intake.
Characterization of temperature‐dependent moisture diffusivity in PMR‐15 resin (2007)

Abstract The temperature‐dependent moisture diffusion behavior of high‐temperature polyimide resin, PMR‐15, is presented. Adsorption and high temperature desorption tests are used to experimentally determine moisture diffusivity at several temperatures. Diffusivity is determined from the weight change based on the initial slope and using a nonlinear regression technique with Fickian diffusion assumption. The basic test procedures and diffusivity values are presented in this study. The results also include the relative humidity (RH) dependent equilibrium moisture concentration and a relationship between the RH and equilibrium moisture concentration. As direct measurement at typical operating temperature may be precluded by blistering, an Arrhenius‐type temperature‐diffusivity relationship is used to estimate the temperature‐dependent moisture diffusivity for the PMR‐15 resin. The moisture diffusivity of PMR‐15 tested is estimated to be 6.64 E −10 m 2 /s at 288°C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Delayed Implantation of Demineralized Bone Powder After Local Irradiation in Rats (1993)

Previous studies have shown that osteoinduction is inhibited when demineralized bone powder (DBP) is implanted within 48 hours of local irradiation (i.e., when the acute effects of radiation injury are present). This study sought to determine whether normal osteoinduction can proceed if the implantation of DBP is delayed until 21 days postirradiation. At 21 days, the acute effects of radiation injury are likely to have subsided, but the long-term effects have not yet appeared. Twenty-eight-day-old rats were administered a radiation dose of either 7 or 20 Gy over a localized area of one thigh. The contralateral, nonirradiated thigh served as a control. Demineralized bone powder was subcutaneously implanted 21 days later. Subcutaneous pellets were retrieved at various intervals thereafter (up to Day 45) and were histologically graded for evidence of osteoinduction. No difference in osteoinduction was detected at any time interval in pellets from the 7-Gy-treated sites, compared with controls. Pellets from the 20-Gy-treated sites, however, demonstrated significantly a lower osteoinductive response at each interval. These latter pellets showed small scattered areas of osteoinduction and reduced formation of marrow elements. Thus, although osteoinduction proceeds normally when the implantation of DBP is delayed for 21 days after irradiation with 7 Gy, this is not the case when 20 Gy are administered. Given the absence of gross impairment of tissue vascularity in irradiated sites, it is possible that inhibition of osteoinduction after higher doses of radiation results from permanent damage to mesenchymal precursor cells.
Receptor-Mediated Maternofetal Transfer of ImmunoglobulinsInhibition of Transport of Anti-HIV-1 Immunoglobulin by Generic Immunoglobulins in the in vitro Perfused Placenta (1998)

The transfer of IgG across the placenta occurs in a steady state rate consistent with a receptor-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, inhibition of HIVIG maternofetal transfer by IVIG further establishes the receptor-mediated transfer of immunoglobulins through the placenta.
Effect of protic ionic liquid nanostructure on phospholipid vesicle formation (2017)

The formation of bilayer-based lyotropic liquid crystals and vesicle dispersions by phospholipids in a range of protic ionic liquids has been investigated by polarizing optical microscopy using isothermal penetration scans, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. The stability and structure of both lamellar phases and vesicle dispersions is found to depend primarily on the underlying amphiphilic nanostructure of the ionic liquid itself. This finding has significant implications for the use of ionic liquids in soft and biological materials and for biopreservation, and demonstrates how vesicle structure and properties can be controlled through selection of cation and anion. For a given ionic liquid, systematic trends in bilayer thickness, chain-melting temperature and enthalpy increase with phospholipid acyl chain length, paralleling behaviour in aqueous systems.
Cannabis use among military veterans after residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. (2011)

The present investigation prospectively evaluated whether treatment changes in PTSD symptom severity, among military Veterans in residential PTSD treatment, were related to cannabis use 4 months after discharge from residential rehabilitation. The sample was comprised of 432 male military Veteran patients (Mage = 51.06 years, SD = 4.17), who had a primary diagnosis of PTSD and were admitted to a VA residential rehabilitation program for PTSD. Results demonstrated that lower levels of change in PCL-M scores between treatment intake and discharge were significantly predictive of greater frequency of cannabis use at 4-month follow-up (p < .05), even after accounting for the effects of length of treatment stay and frequency of cannabis use during the 2 months before treatment intake. Furthermore, post hoc analyses revealed that less change in PTSD avoidance/numbing and hyperarousal symptom severity during treatment was significantly predictive of a greater frequency of cannabis use at 4-month follow-up, after controlling for relevant covariates. Notably, these effects were specific to cannabis and were not found for the other substances examined among this sample, including alcohol and opiates. Implications of the findings are discussed with regard to the extant literature and future directions.
Striking Correlation between the Unusual Trigonal Crystal Packing and the Ability to Self-Assemble into Nanofibers of 2,3-Di-n-alkyloxyanthracenes (2009)

The space group of the crystals of derivatives of 2,3-dialkoxyanthracenes is monoclinic P2(1)/a (herringbone structure) with the linear ethyl or propyl chains but abruptly changes to the trigonal P3 or R3 space group for butyl to heptyl chains. Strikingly, this switch is correlated with the capacity of these compounds to self-assemble into nanofibers and organogels. Besides, compounds with a chain length exceeding seven carbon atoms could not be crystallized in accordance with the analysis of the projected crystal structure but are nevertheless excellent organogelators. The study of this series of compounds suggests a tight link between the molecular structure of the crystals and that of the organogels.
Alkaloid N-Oxides (1992)

More than 200 aliphatic and aromatic N-oxides have been individuated among natural-occurring alkaloids. The structures of these compounds as well as the role N-oxides have in the synthesis and the chemical modification of alkaloids are reviewed
Speech-activated text retrieval system for multimodal cellular phones (2004)

The paper describes an on-line manual page retrieval system activated by spoken queries for multimodal cellular phones. The system recognizes a user's naturally spoken queries by telephone LVCSR and searches an on-line manual with a retrieval module on a server. The user can view the retrieved data on the screen of the phone via Web access. The LVCSR module consists of a telephone acoustic model and an n-gram language model derived from a task query corpus. The adaptation method using the target manual is also presented. The retrieval module utilizes pairs of words with dependency relations and also distinguishes affirmative and negative expressions to improve precision. The proposed system gives 82.6% keyword recognition accuracy and 77.5% task achievement rate. The field trial of the system is now underway.