gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study balancing physical properties for an optimized thermal interface material (2015)

Thermal dissipation requirements for advanced flip chip devices are becoming significant. High end flip chip devices that used lidded packages are now being redesigned to utilize even more advanced materials. Devices that previously did not require a lidded package are now being forced to utilize such a package. The latter scenario can also can benefit from more advanced materials. Initial thermal performance is a key factor for selecting a candidate thermal interface material (TIM), but how well the package can survive reliability conditions is also important. Cost pressures on the overall structural design can also be a significant factor for some types of applications. Polymeric TIMs can address many of these issues by having a high initial thermal performance and by allowing adequate mechanical stress relief to survive reliability conditions. The TIM properties, such as elongation and modulus can be as important as the thermal conductivity. Properties such as thermal resistance and thermal impedance are even more important. This paper will detail how these properties are inter-related and will demonstrate that an optimum balance between them can be achieved.
TWO MODELS OF GRAIN TEMPERATURES AND INSECT POPULATIONS IN STORED WHEAT (2001)

Stored grain temperatures and population dynamics of rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens),predicted by a hot spot model, which included feedback from the insect model to the temperature model, and a spatial model,which did not include that feedback, were compared. For an initial grain temperature of 30C and an initial population of10,000 adult insects in stored grain at Winnipeg, Canada, the hot spot model predicted a maximum of 120 adults/kg of wheatat the center of the grain bulk toward the end of fall and a maximum temperature of 39C. The spatial model predicted anadult population of 500 adults/kg of wheat and no increases in temperatures. For the same simulation conditions but usingweather data for Topeka, Kansas, the hot spot model predicted a maximum of 150 adults/kg of wheat at the center of the bulkin fall, while the spatial model predicted a maximum of 800 adults/kg. The hot spot model is closer to reality than the spatialmodel because it simulates the effects of variable heating around the bin wall, insect heat production, and insect movement.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting CD4<sup>+</sup> T-Helper Cells Improves the Induction of Antitumor Responses in Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccination (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 40K, Vaccine characteristics&lt;/p&gt;
Large‐Scale HCV RNA Screening in First‐Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations (1999)

Abstract Background and Objectives: Individual genomic screening for viruses in blood donations is becoming increasingly pressing as an alternative to pool testing to improve the safety of the blood supply. Materials and Methods: To determine the feasibility and, possibly, efficacy of genomic screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the blood service setting, a representative population of first‐time blood donors was screened individually with a semi‐automated genomic amplification assay for HCV RNA. First‐time blood donors in two blood centres in the United Kingdom were screened in parallel for anti‐HCV and HCV RNA by RT‐PCR. Results: 8,417 serum samples were screened. A 99.95% specificity was observed and one anti‐HCV‐positive, HCV‐RNA‐positive donation was found. No seronegative HCV‐RNA‐positive donations were detected. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the low prevalence of HCV infection in blood donors from the London area and demonstrate the high level of performance of the individual genomic screening method used in this study. When fully automated, such a method would be a highly suitable candidate for routine, automated genomic screening of HCV and, subsequently, of other pathogenic blood‐borne viruses.
Epithelial expression of glycodelin in biphasic synovial sarcomas (1998)

Glycodelin is a 28 kDa glycoprotein of the lipocalin family that was previously considered to be specific for the reproductive tract. Glycodelin is found in the secretory glandular epithelium of endometrium and in seminal vesicles. Given the cyclic differentiation of normal endometrial epithelium, we studied by immunohistochemistry a possible expression of glycodelin in other tissues displaying stroma-to-epithelium maturation. We report here that 11/11 biphasic synovial sarcomas expressed glycodelin in the cells exhibiting epithelial or glandular differentiation while the sarcomatous spindle cells remained negative. Glycodelin was also found in secreted material in the lumina of the gland-like structures. In only 1 of the 7 monophasic synovial sarcomas studied, focal glycodelin reactivity was seen in some flattened spindle cells. The expression of glycodelin in biphasic synovial sarcoma tissue was further verified by the demonstration of glycodelin mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Considering the monoclonal origin of synovial sarcomas, our findings raise the intriguing possibility that activation of expression of the glycodelin gene is involved in the molecular regulation of mesenchyme-to-epithelium differentiation.
Identifying the Molecular Origins of High-Performance in Organic Photodetectors Based on Highly Intermixed Bulk Heterojunction Blends (2020)

A bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure of organic semiconductor blend is widely used in photon-to-electron converting devices such as organic photodetectors (OPD) and photovoltaics (OPV). However, the impact of the molecular structure on the interfacial electronic states and optoelectronic properties of the constituent organic semiconductors is still unclear, limiting further development of these devices for commercialization. Herein, the critical role of donor molecular structure on OPD performance is identified in highly intermixed BHJ blends containing a small-molecule donor and C<sub>60</sub> acceptor. Blending introduces a twisted structure in the donor molecule and a strong coupling between donor and acceptor molecules. This results in ultrafast exciton separation (<1 ps), producing bound (binding energy ∼135 meV), localized (∼0.9 nm), and highly emissive interfacial charge transfer (CT) states. These interfacial CT states undergo efficient dissociation under an applied electric field, leading to highly efficient OPDs in reverse bias but poor OPVs. Further structural twisting and molecular-scale aggregation of the donor molecules occur in blends upon thermal annealing just above the transition temperature of 150 °C at which donor molecules start to reorganize themselves without any apparent macroscopic phase-segregation. These subtle structural changes lead to significant improvements in charge transport and OPD performance, yielding ultralow dark currents (∼10<sup>-10</sup> A cm<sup>-2</sup>), 2-fold faster charge extraction (in μs), and nearly an order of magnitude increase in effective carrier mobility. Our results provide molecular insights into high-performance OPDs by identifying the role of subtle molecular structural changes on device performance and highlight key differences in the design of BHJ blends for OPD and OPV devices.
Horizontal Bubble Train Apparatus for Heterogeneous Chemistry Studies:  Uptake of Gas-Phase Formaldehyde (1997)

A new horizontal bubble train apparatus has been built to conduct time-resolved gas−liquid interaction studies of interest in atmospheric chemistry. In the apparatus, liquid is pumped horizontally through a 0.4 cm i.d. quartz tube at a controlled speed of 15−35 cm/s. A low-pressure (about 50 Torr) gas flow, carrying the trace gas of interest diluted in helium carrier gas, is injected through a moveable injector into the liquid flow forming well-defined bubbles that fill the diameter of the tube. In a controlled way, 10−25 bubbles are formed per second. The outlet gas flow is then sampled by a differentially pumped mass spectrometer. The position of the bubble injector, which is computer controlled by a stepping motor, determines the bubble travel distance and therefore the gas-liquid interaction time (typically 0.1−10 s). Modeling of the gas uptake and the validation of the apparatus performance are described. The apparatus can measure Henry's law coefficients (H) for non-reactive species in the range 10-3 to 3.0 M atm-1. For reactive species (first-order reaction rate k), the apparatus measures Hk1/2 values in the range 0.04−150 (M atm-1 s-1/2). If the Henry's law coefficient of a species is known, then first order reaction rates in the range 1−108 s-1 can be measured. Using this bubble train apparatus, the uptake of gas phase formaldehyde as a function of pH (0−11) and NaCl concentration (0−4 M) has been measured. The Setchenow coefficient for formaldehyde in NaCl solution at 293 K has been determined to be Ks = 0.072 ± 0.004 M-1.
Dalton communications. Synthesis and structure of a stable selenodiimide complex (1993)

The stable selenodiimide complex SnCl4[(ButN)2Se]1 has been prepared from Se[NBut(SiMe3)]2 and SnCl4, and also by treating the unstable (ButN)2Se (obtained from NButH2 and SeCl4) with SnCl4; the crystal structure of 1·2thf indicates appreciable SeN double-bond character [171.0(3) pm] but also shows that the selenium atom is unexpectedly co-ordinated by the two tetrahydrofuran (thf) oxygens.
Disentangling change across the time and true stability of employees’ resilience using latent state model (2022)

There is debate within the literature about whether resilience should be considered a stable character trait or a dynamic, changeable process (state). Two widely used measures to assess resilience are the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the true stability (invariance) and change across time in resilience captured by these two measures. Using the perspective of Latent State-Trait theory, the aim was to decipher if the CD-RISC and the RSA are more trait-like or more state-like and to address whether true differences in resilience between participants increased (or decreased) across time. In this longitudinal study, UK-based employees (N = 378) completed the CD-RISC (10-item version) and the RSA (33-item version, aggregated and analyzed under six parcels) at three occasions over six months. A latent-state model and latent-state model with indicator specific residual factors were utilized. The analysis suggested that both questionnaires capture trait and state components of resilience. These results contribute to the discussion about how resilience scales are measuring change and stability, and how we define resilience as a more trait-like or state-like phenomena. The findings also highlight the issue of what resilience scales are measuring and whether resilience is a quantifiable construct.
IC‐P‐141: IMPAIRED SEGREGATION OF THE VENTRAL DEFAULT MODE NETWORK IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2014)

The default mode network (DMN) has several subsystems with distinct functional roles and responses to Alzheimer's pathophysiology. The dynamic functional segregation of these subsystems is important for normal cognition. Alzheimer's disease has been shown to impair functional deactivation and segregation of certain DMN subsystems. We analyzed functional segregation in DMN subsystems in all baseline task-free functional MRI scans available at the time of this analysis in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. All available baseline scans that passed quality control were analyzed (N = 204). An optimized subject-space preprocessing pipeline robust to signal loss and atrophy effects was used and is outlined in Table 1. Spatial-temporal dual regression was performed using the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging Functional Brain Atlas (MCSA-FBA) as a priori templates for DMN subsystems (i.e. posterior-, anterior, and ventral-DMNs) producing subsystem specific spatial maps and time courses. The mean connectivity values were extracted from the spatial maps for each subsystem within medial temporal lobe (i.e. hippocampus and parahippocampus) regions of interest (ROI). The strength of the Pearson's correlation between the time courses of the three subsystems was used as our measure of functional segregation (i.e. low correlation between subsystem time-courses indicates segregation). The vDMN had greatest connectivity [F(2,609)=238.01, p<0.001] with the hippocampus over the pDMN or the aDMN (Figure 1a). The vDMN had similar connectivity across all medial temporal lobe ROIs [F(3,812)=2.71, p=0.044] (Figure 1b). The vDMN hippocampal connectivity varied by disease group [F(2,201)=4.06, p=0.0188] with AD subjects less than MCI (0.143 +/-0.046 vs. 0.292 +/-0.027, p=0.005). The functional segregation of the vDMN from the pDMN varied by disease group [F(2,201)=7.15, p=0.001] with AD subjects (0.698 +/-0.016) being less segregated than MCI (vs. 0.59 +/-0.061, p=2.8E-4) and controls (vs. 0.593 +/-0.012, p=9.3E-4). Poor vDMN segregation correlates (p<0.01) with poor performance on cognitive measures [AVLT (r= -0.24), MMSE (r= -0.32), and ADASTOT13 (r= 0.30)]. The vDMN is the subsystem with the strongest relationship to the medial temporal lobe, but this is dependent on segregation from the remainder of the DMN. This vDMN segregation is impaired in Alzheimer's subjects and is correlated with cognitive performance. Ventral DMN Connectivity to the Medial Temporal Structures Across all Subjects. A) Boxplot of hippocampal connectivity for each of the DMN subsystems showing the ventral DMN with the strongest hippocampal connectivity. B) Boxplot of ventral DMN connectivity for the right and left hippocampi and parahippocampi demonstrating similar connectivity across these structures. Example subject-space spatial-temporal dual regression produced ventral DMNs for C) a control subject and D) a subject with Alzheimer's disease demonstrating reduced connectivity-in the medial temporal lobe.
Slab-CO2 laser employing a hole-coupled waveguide resonator (1994)

Recent progress in high power, slab waveguide CO 2 lasers, using RF excitation, has achieved specific power output approaching 30 kW·m -2 and absolute laser output powers in the kilowatt regime. These devices commonly employ a hybrid unstable resonator, or a plane mirror waveguide resonator containing a partially reflecting output coupler. Unstable resonators have the advantage of all-reflective mirrors and edge coupling, but are unable to provide sufficient frequency purity and beam quality for some applications, such as lidar and remote sensing. For large aperture devices using stable cavities, partially transmitting output mirrors, usually of ZnSe become expensive and are more readily damaged than full reflectors, whilst the large output beam provides difficulty with the subsequent beam handling. There is thus a need for a new resonator approach, which can deliver a small aperture beam from wide slab lasers, with good beam quality and spectral purity, using all-reflective optics.
Lagrangian Relaxation for Scalable Text Summarization while Maximizing MultipleObjectives (2013)

Multi-document summarization is the task of generating a summary from multiple documents, and the generated summary is expected to contain much of the information contained in the original documents. Previous work tries to realize this by (i) formulating the task as the combinatorial optimization problem of simultaneously maximizing relevance and minimizing redundancy, or (ii) formulating the task as a graph-cut problem. This paper improves summary quality by combining these two approaches into a synthesized optimization problem that is formulated in Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Though an ILP problem can be solved with an ILP solver, the problem is NP-hard and it is difficult to obtain the exact solution in situations where immediate responses are needed. Our solution is to propose optimization heuristics that exploit Lagrangian relaxation to obtain good approximate solutions within feasible computation times. Experiments on the document understanding conference 2004 (DUC'04) dataset show that our Lagrangian relaxation based heuristics completes in feasible computation time but achieves higher ROUGE scores than state-of-the-art approximate methods.
Non‐Additive Effects in the Elastic Behavior of Dental Composites (2003)

The effective stiffness of dental composites consisting of a polymer and two fillers of different particle size is not predicted correctly by an additive approach (i.e. predicting the stiffness of a polymer and one‐filler system first). Better accordance with the experimental behavior is reached using a direct finite‐element calculation, which has been applied to this type of problem for the first time here.
Treatment of water-based metalworking fluids to prevent hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with Mycobacterium spp. (2007)

Our data does not support the hypothesis that mycobacterial proliferation is enhanced by the reduction of competitive microbial population by biocides such as triazines as described earlier but rather suggests a protective effect of biocides regarding mycobacteria in the presence of competitive microbial flora, thereby preventing further outbreaks of HP.
Strong opto-electro-mechanical coupling in a silicon photonic crystal cavity (2015)

We fabricate and characterize a microscale silicon opto-electromechanical system whose mechanical motion is coupled capacitively to an electrical circuit and optically via radiation pressure to a photonic crystal cavity. To achieve large electromechanical interaction strength, we implement an inverse shadow mask fabrication scheme which obtains capacitor gaps as small as 30 nm while maintaining a silicon surface quality necessary for minimizing optical loss. Using the sensitive optical read-out of the photonic crystal cavity, we characterize the linear and nonlinear capacitive coupling to the fundamental ω(m)/2π = 63 MHz in-plane flexural motion of the structure, showing that the large electromechanical coupling in such devices may be suitable for realizing efficient microwave-to-optical signal conversion.
The door opener for EUV mask repair (2012)

The EUV-photomask is used as mirror and no longer as transmissive device. In order to yield defect-free reticles, repair capability is required for defects in the absorber and for defects in the mirror. Defects can propagate between the EUV mask layers, which makes the detection and the repair complex or impossible if conventional methods are used. In this paper we give an overview of the different defect types. We discuss the EUV repair requirements including SEMinvisible multilayer defects and blank defects, and demonstrate e-beam repair performance. The repairs are qualified by SEM, AFM and through-focus wafer prints. Furthermore a new repair strategy involving in-situ AFM is introduced. We will apply this new strategy on real defects and verify the repair quality using state of the art EUV wafer printing technology.
First-line treatment with bevacizumab (B) and high dose (HD) bolus aldesleukin (IL-2) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients (Pts) (2007)

15524 Background: The rationale for combining HD IL-2 with B includes potential synergistic immune interactions, non-overlapping toxicities, and potential for added clinical benefit. We have initiated a multi-center phase II study designed to estimate the efficacy of combination therapy of standard HD IL-2 and B therapy in mRCC pts. Methods: Pts with histologically confirmed mRCC, predominantly clear cell histology, measurable or evaluable disease, KPS of =80%, adequate end organ function for HD IL-2, and no underlying coagulopathy or thrombotic event are eligible for this study. One cycle consists of 84 days. B (10 mg/kg) IV is given every 2 wks beginning 2 wks prior to the first dose of IL-2. B is dosed 1 hr prior to initiating IL-2 on days IL-2 is given. HD IL-2 (600,000 IU/kg) IV Q8 hours (maximum 28 doses) is given during two 5-day courses separated by 9 days (starting on day 15 and 29). Results: We report the results of the first 15 of a planned 60 pts. The median age is 54 (range 40–73) with 9 men and 6 women. 14 pts have a MSKCC intermediate prognostic score, one pt has a poor prognostic score. In the first cycle, the median number of B doses was 7 of a planned 7 (range 2–7) and the median number of IL-2 doses was 17 of a planned 28 (range 6–26). There has been one treatment related death from unresponsive hypotension which occurred during the second cycle. Typical IL-2 toxicities have been noted thus far. Among a variety of correlative studies, we evaluated the serum L- ornithine (L-O) level, a byproduct of arginase-mediated arginine metabolism that has been shown to inversely correlate with TCR? chain expression. L-O level are significantly elevated in RCC pts possibly due to VEGF stimulation of arginase production. In 4 patients tested to date, peripheral blood L-O levels have dramatically decreased over the course of therapy. Conclusions: HD IL-2 and B can be given safely and may impact on immune regulatory pathways. [Table: see text]
Difficult male urethral catheterization: a review of different approaches (2008)

There is a paucity of prospective data comparing the benefits, risks, success rates and complications of the different approaches for difficult Foley catheter placement. Our suggested approach starts with the initial attempt at urethral catheterization with an 18F coude and a 12F silicone catheter. If these fail, using a flexible cystoscope or the blind Glidewire technique are reasonable alternatives. If dilatation of a stricture is necessary, ureteric dilatators or a urethral balloon dilatator are recommended.
Modified Langer-Zittartz method for the electrostatic excluded-volume problem (1986)

A modified manifestly self-consistent Langer-Zittartz method is applied to the nonperturbative treatment of the electrostatic excluded-volume effects in the polyelectrolyte chain. The method is tested for the case of the ordinary excluded-volume problem for which it produces the standard Flory result, (〈${R}^{2}$〉${)}^{1/2}$\ensuremath{\propto}${N}^{3/5}$. When it is applied to the polyelectrolyte chain, for the totally unscreened case, it also gives the Flory result (〈${R}^{2}$〉${)}^{1/2}$\ensuremath{\propto}N, which is confirmed by recent Monte Carlo simulations performed by Baumgaaumlrtner. Complications associated with effects of partial screening are considered as well. Explanations for the failure of the conventional renormalization-group methods for the polyelectrolyte chain are presented on the basis of comparisons between the polyelectrolyte problem and mathematically similar problems in solid-state physics.
Ed-Join (2008)

There has been considerable interest in similarity join in the research community recently. Similarity join is a fundamental operation in many application areas, such as data integration and cleaning, bioinformatics, and pattern recognition. We focus on efficient algorithms for similarity join with edit distance constraints. Existing approaches are mainly based on converting the edit distance constraint to a weaker constraint on the number of matching q -grams between pair of strings. In this paper, we propose the novel perspective of investigating mismatching q -grams. Technically, we derive two new edit distance lower bounds by analyzing the locations and contents of mismatching q -grams. A new algorithm, Ed-Join, is proposed that exploits the new mismatch-based filtering methods; it achieves substantial reduction of the candidate sizes and hence saves computation time. We demonstrate experimentally that the new algorithm outperforms alternative methods on large-scale real datasets under a wide range of parameter settings.