gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Durable bonding of silica nanoparticles to polymers by photoradiation for control of surface properties (2014)

Improvement of superhydrophobic surfaces durability is a critical key for potential commercial applications such as self‐cleaning and ice repellency. In this study, functionalization of silica nanoparticles by photoreactive benzophenone groups was made in order to covalently bond nanoparticles to polymer substrates to obtain durable coatings. Upon ultraviolet irradiation reactive excited triplet benzophenone species are formed enabling them to react with the polymer matrix through hydrogen abstraction. Two matrices were studied: radiation‐curable urethane acrylate and epoxy. The bonding of the particles to the surfaces was evaluated using atomic force microscope nanomanipulation and cross‐section analysis. The results have shown a greater stability of the photoreactive silica nanoparticles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Wet preparation and characterization of ScSZ thin film electrolyte on micro-cathode supports (2009)

Preparation of a dense Sc2O3-doped ZrO2 (ScSZ) thin film electrolyte on a microtubular cathode support was accomplished using wet coating process and subsequent co-sintering. The microtubular (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSM) cathode support had a 1.6 mm diameter and approximately 30% open porosity. The cell, with 20 μm thick ScSZ electrolyte, was electrochemically evaluated in a humidified (3% H2O) hydrogen atmosphere. The microtubular cells exhibited a stable open circuit voltage above 1.05 V in the temperature range from 550 to 750°C. Maximum power densities of 46.5, 163.2 and 452.8 mW/cm2 were generated at 550, 650 and 750°C, respectively. The results indicate that this preparation of a thin film ScSZ electrolyte effectively realized a stable, high performance LSM-supported micro SOFC.
Evaluation of a pictorial method to obtain subject‐specific inertial properties in equine limb segments (2018)

Data describing segmental masses and moments of inertia (MOI) of limb segments are required for inverse dynamic calculations. In horses, these values are usually calculated using regression equations that have been developed from a limited number of horses representing a small number of breeds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a scaling method and a pictorial method for estimating of the values of segmental masses, lengths, and MOI in the equine limb segments by comparing their output with the standard technique involving direct measurements. Limbs of 30 horses of various breeds and sizes were disarticulated post mortem. Segmental masses, lengths, and MOI were determined using a standard method based on weighing the segments, measuring their length with calipers, and estimating the MOI from the rotational frequency of a trifilar pendulum. The scaling method used a jack-knifing procedure to avoid the need for two data sets. The pictorial method was based on digitization of two orthogonal photographs to determine segmental volumes, which were combined with published values for average segment densities to determine the inertial parameters. Scaling method and pictorial method provided comparable estimation of segmental messes and lengths, but the scaling method performed better in estimating segmental MOI. The scaling method worked well enough in the majority of horses but there were a few horses in which it was less effective. The pictorial method sometimes showed a bias correctable by regression equations but it may not warrant the additional effort unless for specific cases.
STABILITY OF OIL‐IN‐WATER EMULSIONS. 1. Effects of Surface Tension, Level of Oil, Viscosity and Type of Meat Protein (1970)

SUMMARY– Surface tension responses for solutions of salt‐soluble protein from cow meat, beef hearts, beef cheek meat, pork trim and pork cheek meat were found to follow the Type III curves assigned to surface‐active agents. The stability of emulsions prepared utilizing salt‐soluble protein of the meats was significantly affected by concentration of protein and level of oil. As either concentration of protein or of oil was increased, higher and more significant stability of the emulsions was observed. Emulsions prepared from protein of each type of meat had similar responses for stability. High and significant correlation was found between protein surface activity and emulsion stability. Little change in emulsion viscosity was found except at the upper protein and oil levels tested.
Cell surface SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein modulates innate and adaptive immunity (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) induces strong antibody (Ab) and T cell responses. Although considered to be localized in the cytosol, we readily detect N on the surface of live cells. N released by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells or N-expressing transfected cells binds to neighboring cells by electrostatic high-affinity binding to heparan sulfate and heparin, but not other sulfated glycosaminoglycans. N binds with high affinity to 11 human chemokines, including CXCL12β, whose chemotaxis of leukocytes is inhibited by N from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. Anti-N Abs bound to the surface of N-expressing cells activate Fc receptor-expressing cells. Our findings indicate that cell surface N manipulates innate immunity by sequestering chemokines and can be targeted by Fc-expressing innate immune cells. This, in combination with its conserved antigenicity among human CoVs, advances its candidacy for vaccines that induce cross-reactive B and T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants and other human CoVs, including novel zoonotic strains.
Studies of diabetic nephropathy in animals and man. (1976)

Animal models of diabetes mellitus allow for the manipulation of the metabolic state and the performance of experiments that may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Rats with long-standing chemically induced diabetes develop glomerular mesangial thickening and immunoglobulin and complement deposition. These glomerular changes are reversible on the transplantation of a kidney from a diabetic rat into a normal host and on cure of the diabetic state by pancreatic islet transplantation. Conversely, diabetic renal changes develop in normal kidneys transplanted into diabetic rats (within tow to four months) and humans (within two years). These studies suggest that nephropathy results from the diabetic state. The mesangium is thickened in diabetic rats, mice, and humans. In rats, mesangial function is the processing of macromolecules localized therein is disturbed in areas of mesangial pathology. The finding that glomerulopathy is accelerated in uninephrectomized diabetic rats and is retarded in rat kidneys "protected" by narrowing of the renal artery suggests that alterations in glomerular blood flow are related to the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerular damage. Marked hyperglycemia in animals and man leads to "glycogen nephrosis," which affects the distal tubule at the level of the macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). This could lead to disturbance of JGA blood pressure regulation. Disturned mesangial function may result from failure of macula densa cells to process macromolecules that have reached that site from the mesangium.
The Production of a Monoclonal Antibody That Blocks the Action of a Neurite Outgrowth-promoting Factor (1983)

How growing axons are guided to their targets has been the subject of much speculation. A popular hypothesis is that there are macromolecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) or on the surfaces of other cells that form pathways for axon guidance. Such molecular signals could act via a number of different mechanisms. One way of directing neurite growth is by providing a very adhesive surface for growth cone attachment (Letourneau 1975). There are, however, more elaborate ways in which such molecules could function. For instance, the extracellular signals could be recognized by surface receptors on the axons, or be internalized where they could influence the rate or direction of neurite growth. Nerve growth factor (NGF), for instance, can act as a chemoattractive agent by binding to growing neurites (Gundersen and Barrett 1980; Claude et al. 1982). A variety of cells, both non-neuronal and neuronal, might synthesize guidance molecules. Clearly, all target cells are candidates for&#13;\nsynthesizing these factors, as was demonstrated for&#13;\nNGF (Ebendal et al. 1980; Korsching and Thoenen&#13;\n1983). If neurons were to secrete guidance or adhesion&#13;\nmolecules, and deposit them in an ECM along their axonal&#13;\nlength, then these factors would be ideally localized&#13;\nfor directing regrowth of neurites after axotomy.&#13;\nIn addition, there is evidence that neuronal surfaces&#13;\ncontain molecules that are adhesive for other neurites&#13;\nor growth cones (Rutishauser et al. 1978; Bentley and&#13;\nKeshishian 1982; Tagbert et al. 1982).
Variable transmission lens influences on the dynamics of pupillary light reflexes (2013)

This study examined the influence of liquid crystal variable transmission lenses on pupillary light reflexes in response to sudden bright light onset. Participants were exposed to bright light while pupil size was monitored using an eye tracker; eyewear was configured across four transition conditions: constant low-light filtering, constant high-light filtering, variable-light filtering in response to light detection and a control condition without eyewear. Before light onset, pupil diameter was largest in the high-filter condition, medium in the variable- and low-light filtering conditions and smallest in the control condition. Following light onset, the low-light filtering and control conditions, and the high-light filtering and variable-light filtering conditions converged over time. Critically, automatically transitioning between low- and high-light filtering reduced the magnitude (approximately 0.2 mm) and duration (approximately 360 ms) of the pupillary response relative to constant low-light filtering.
Domestic induction heating system with standard primary inductor for reduced-size and high distance cookware (2021)

The addition of a secondary inductor with resonant capacitor directly beneath and attached to the small ferromagnetic cookware allows to improve induction heating adaptation of loads of different sizes to the primary inductor, extending load distance while avoiding increased power losses and stress on electronic components. The extended distance can be used to implement the glassless induction concept, where the typical ceramic glass is substituted by the kitchen surface itself. Finite Element Analysis simulations are carried out to determine the system impedance. A design is chosen to develop as a prototype. The prototype is tested under working conditions up to 1500 W at several distances to validate the simulations and design.
Probabilistic Matrix Factorization for Automated Machine Learning (2017)

In order to achieve state-of-the-art performance, modern machine learning techniques require careful data pre-processing and hyperparameter tuning. Moreover, given the ever increasing number of machine learning models being developed, model selection is becoming increasingly important. Automating the selection and tuning of machine learning pipelines consisting of data pre-processing methods and machine learning models, has long been one of the goals of the machine learning community. In this paper, we tackle this meta-learning task by combining ideas from collaborative filtering and Bayesian optimization. Using probabilistic matrix factorization techniques and acquisition functions from Bayesian optimization, we exploit experiments performed in hundreds of different datasets to guide the exploration of the space of possible pipelines. In our experiments, we show that our approach quickly identifies high-performing pipelines across a wide range of datasets, significantly outperforming the current state-of-the-art.
Band-edge photoluminescence of SiGe/strained-Si/SiGe type-II quantum wells on Si(100) (1993)

A high-quality completely relaxed SiGe buffer layer is grown on Si(100) by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy. A pseudomorphic Si layer is grown on this relaxed SiGe buffer to form SiGe/strained-Si/SiGe type-II (staggered) quantum wells. Intense band-edge photoluminescence is observed from these quantum wells for the first time. The quantum confinement effect in SiGe/strained-Si/SiGe type-II quantum wells is demonstrated from the systematic shift of photoluminescence energy peaks with the width of the quantum well. Transitions from the strained-Si quantum well are identified as radiative recombination of excitons, which are confined into the quantum well.
Efficient distributed simulation of hierarchical DEVS models: transforming model structure into a non-hierarchical one (2002)

The Discrete Event Systems Specification (DEVS) formulism specifies a discrete event system in a hierarchical, modular form. This paper presents a distributed simulation methodology for models specified by the DEVS formalism. The methodology transforms a hierarchical DEVS model into a nonhierarchical one. This transformation can eliminate the overheads incurred during conventional hierarchical simulation, and make ease the synchronization of distributed simulation, thereby increasing the stability of the simulation engine. To show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, we realize the simulation scheme in Visual C++, and conduct a benchmark simulation for a large-scale logistics system. The performance result shows that the proposed methodology works correctly and performs better than the previous approaches.
Mebendazole disrupts stromal desmoplasia and tumorigenesis in two models of pancreatic cancer (2021)

The five-year survival rate for metastatic pancreatic cancer is currently only 3%, which increases to 13% with local invasion only and to 39% with localized disease at diagnosis. Here we evaluated repurposed mebendazole, an approved anthelminthic drug, to determine how mebendazole might work at the different stages of pancreatic cancer formation and progression. We asked if mebendazole could prevent initiation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia precursor lesions, interfere with stromal desmoplasia, or suppress tumor growth and liver metastasis. In both the <i>Kras</i> <sup>LSL.G12D/+</sup>; <i>Pdx1</i>-Cre (KC) mouse model of caerulein-induced inflammatory pancreatitis and the <i>Kras</i> <sup>LSL.G12D/+</sup>; <i>Tp53</i> <sup>R172H/+</sup>; <i>Pdx1</i>-Cre (KPC) mouse model of advanced pancreatic cancer, mebendazole significantly reduced pancreas weight, dysplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia formation, compared to controls. Mebendazole significantly reduced trichrome-positive fibrotic connective tissue and α-SMA-positive activated pancreatic stellate cells that heralds fibrogenesis. In the aggressive KPC model, mebendazole significantly suppressed pancreatic tumor growth, both as an early and late intervention. Mebendazole reduced the overall incidence of pancreatic cancer and severity of liver metastasis in KPC mice. Using early models of pancreatic cancer, treatment with mebendazole resulted in less inflammation, decreased dysplasia, with the later stage model additionally showing a decreased tumor burden, less advanced tumors, and a reduction of metastasis. We conclude that mebendazole should be investigated further as a component of adjuvant therapy to slow progression and prevent metastasis, and well as for primary prevention in the highest risk patients.
Diffraction-limited imaging. II - Optical aperture-synthesis imaging of two binary stars (1989)

We have used the technique of nonredundant masking at the Hale 5 m telescope and radio VLBI imaging software are used to make optical aperture-synthesis maps of two binary stars, β Corona Borealis and σ Herculis. The dynamic range of the map of β CrB is about 50:1. For σ Her, we find a separation of 70 milliarcsec. These maps demonstrate the potential of the nonredundant masking technique for diffraction-limited imaging of astronomical objects with high dynamic range. We find that the optimal integration time for measuring the closure phase is found to be longer than that for measuring the fringe amplitude. There is not a close relationship between amplitude errors and phase errors, as is found in radio astronomy, and amplitude self-calibration is less effective at optical wavelengths than at radio wavelengths. The primary beam sensitivity correlation made in radio astronomy is not necessary in optical interferometry.
Recognition of amino acids by functionalized calixarenes (2011)

The calixarenic receptors exhibit remarkable host-guest properties towards biologically relevant guests. Aspects of complex formation reactions between both native and derivatized amino acids, di-and tripeptides with calixarenic (chiral or not) receptors are summarized in this critical review. Thus, the discussions emphasize the parameters that affect the molecular binding selectivity and efficiency of functionalized calix[n]arenes towards these substrates. A brief survey on their application in separation of amino acids is also considered (123 references).
‘Click’ Synthesis of Nonsymmetrical 4,4′-Bis(1,2,3-triazolium) Salts (2011)

Nonsymmetrically substituted 4,4′-bis(1,2,3-triazolium) salts were prepared in a totally site-specific manner by copper(I)-catalyzed 'click' [2+3] cycloaddition of 3-alkyl-4-ethynyl-1,2,3-triazolium salts with alkyl and aryl azides. Competition experiments demonstrated that triazolium alkynes were more reactive than their triazole counterparts in CuAAC reactions, especially with aromatic azides. The N-alkylation site integrity was maintained in all the triazolium salts prepared.
Exploring social annotations for web document classification (2008)

Social annotation via so-called collaborative tagging describes the process by which many users add metadata in the form of unstructured keywords to shared content. In this paper, we explore and study social annotations and tagging with regard to their usefulness for web document classification by an analysis of large sets of real-world data. We are interested in finding out which kinds of documents are annotated more by end users than others, how users tend to annotate these documents, and in particular how this user-generated folk-sonomy compares with a top-down taxonomy maintained by classification experts for the same set of documents. We describe what can be deduced from the results for further research and development in the areas of document classification and information retrieval.
Selective ATM inhibition augments radiation-induced inflammatory signaling and cancer cell death (2023)

Over half of all cancer patients undergo radiation therapy but there is an unmet need for more efficacious combination strategies with molecular targeted drugs. DNA damage response has emerged as an important intervention point for improving anti-tumor effects of radiation and several inhibitors are currently in development. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a key regulator of cellular response to DNA double strand breaks and a potential target for radiosensitization. We recently reported two new potent and selective ATM inhibitors, M3541 and M4076, that effectively sensitize cancer cells to radiation and regress human xenografts in clinically relevant animal models. Here, we dive deeper into the cellular events in irradiated cancer cells exposed to ATM inhibitors. Suppression of ATM activity inhibited radiation-induced ATM signaling and abrogated G1 checkpoint activation resulting in enhanced cell death. Our data indicated that entry into mitosis with gross structural abnormalities in multiple chromosomes is the main mechanism behind the increased cell killing. Misalignment and mis-segregation led to formation of multiple micronuclei and robust activation of the interferon response and inflammatory signaling via the cGAS/STING/TBK1 pathway. Cancer cells exposed to radiation in the presence of M3541 were more susceptible to killing in co-culture with NK cells from healthy donors. In addition, strong upregulation of PD-L1 expression was observed in the surviving irradiated cancer cells exposed to M3541. Simultaneous activation of the STING pathway and PD-L1 suggested that combination of radiation, ATM inhibitors and PD-L1 targeted therapy may offer a novel approach to radio-immunotherapy of locally advanced tumors.
Results from the Advance Power Technology Experiment on the Starshine 3 Satellite (2002)

The Starshine 3 satellite was put into orbit on September 30, 2001 as part of the Kodiak Star mission. Starshine 3’s primary mission is to measure the atmospheric density of the thermosphere and serve as a learning outreach tool for primary and secondary school age children. Starshine 3 also carries a power technology experiment. Starshine 3 has a small, 1 Watt power system using state-of-the-art components. Eight small clusters of solar cells are distributed across the surface. Each cluster consists of a 6-cell string of 2 cm x 2 cm, GaInP/GaAs/Ge, triple-junction solar cells. These cells have twice the power-to-area ratio as traditional silicon solar cells and 25% more power than GaAs cells. Starshine 3 also carries novel integrated microelectronic power supplies (IMPS). The idea behind an IMPS unit is to allow greater flexibility in circuit design with a power source not tied to a central bus. Each IPS is used to provide 50 microwatts of continuous power throughout the mission. Early results show that this design can be used to provide continuous power under very adverse operating conditions.
Diastereoselective Self‐aggregation of Synthetic 3‐(1‐Hydroxyethyl)‐bacteriopyrochlophyll‐a as a Novel Photosynthetic Antenna Model Absorbing Near the Infrared Region¶ (2004)

ABSTRACT 3‐Deacetyl‐3‐(l‐hydroxyethyl) bacteriopyrochlorophyll‐ a (1) , 7, 8‐dihydrobacteriochlorophyll‐ d possessing 8‐ethyl, 12‐methyl and 17 4 ‐phytyl groups, was prepared by modifying naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll‐ a . The synthetic 3 1 ‐epimers were separated by high‐performance liquid chromotagraphy, and the absolute configuration at the 3 1 ‐position was determined by derivatization of 1 to a structurally determined chlorin. A dichloromethane solution of 3 1 ‐ R ‐1 or 3 1 S‐1 was diluted with a 1000‐fold volume of cyclohexane to give self‐aggregation species absorbing light at a near‐infrared (NIR) region (&lt;910 nm). The resulting Q y maximum in 3 1 R ‐1 was 860 nm and redshifted by 2170 cm −1 from the monomeric one, whereas epimeric 3 1 S ‐1 showed a less redshifted peak at ca 800 nm, with a small dimeric band around 740 nm. Such visible spectra indicated that 3 1 R/S ‐1 formed different supramolecular structures in the self‐aggregates. In contrast, self‐aggregation of the 7, 8‐dehydro‐compound 2, bacteriochlorophyll‐ d p , found in natural antennas of photosynthetic green bacteria showed much smaller diastereomeric control. The self‐aggregates of 3 1 R ‐1 absorbing light in the NIR region would be models of intrinsic membranous light‐harvesting complexes 1 in photosynthetic purple bacteria as well as extramembranous antennas in green bacteria.
Dynamics of ultra-broadband terahertz quantum cascade lasers for comb operation (2015)

We present an experimental investigation of the multimode dynamics and the coherence of terahertz quantum cascade lasers emitting over a spectral bandwidth of ~1THz. The devices are studied in free-running and under direct RF modulation. Depending on the pump current we observe different regimes of operation, where RF spectra displaying single and multiple narrow beat-note signals alternate with spectra showing a single beat-note characterized by an intense phase-noise, extending over a bandwidth up to a few GHz. We investigate the relation between this phase-noise and the dynamics of the THz modes through the electro-optic sampling of the laser emission. We find that when the phase-noise is large, the laser operates in an unstable regime where the lasing modes are incoherent. Under RF modulation of the laser current such instability can be suppressed and the modes coherence recovered, while, simultaneously, generating a strong broadening of the THz emission spectrum.