gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ein neues Konzept der kombinatorischen Chemie in Lösung mit den Vorteilen der Festphasensynthese: Bildung von N-Betainen durch Mehrkomponenten-Domino-Reaktionen (2001)

Vorteile der Fest- und Flüssigphasen-Synthese werden kombiniert bei einem neuen Konzept der kombinatorischen Chemie: Durch eine Domino-Sequenz aus Knoevenagel- und Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit anschließender Hydrierung ausgehend von geschützten Aminoaldehyden, 1,3-Dicarbonyl-Verbindungen und Enolethern lassen sich N-Heterocyclen hoher Diversität mit einer Betainstruktur aufbauen, die durch einfaches Ausfällen mit Diethylether in hoher Reinheit erhalten werden können (siehe Schema).
Live-cell microscopy or fluorescence anisotropy with budded baculoviruses - which way to go with measuring ligand binding to M 4 muscarinic receptors? (2021)

Abstract M 4 muscarinic receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that has been associated with alcohol and cocaine abuse, Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia which makes it an interesting drug target. For many G protein-coupled receptors, the development of high-affinity fluorescence ligands has expanded the options for high throughput screening of drug candidates and serve as useful tools in fundamental receptor research. So far, the lack of suitable fluorescence ligands has limited studying M 4 receptor ligand binding. Here, we explored the possibilities of using fluorescence-based methods for studying binding affinity and kinetics to M 4 receptor of both labeled and unlabeled ligands. We used two TAMRA-labeled fluorescence ligands, UR-MK342 and UR-CG072, for assay development. Using budded baculovirus particles as M 4 receptor preparation and fluorescence anisotropy method, we determined the affinities and binding kinetics of both fluorescence ligands. The fluorescence ligands could also be used as reported probes for determining binding affinities of a set of unlabeled ligands. Based on these results, we took a step further towards a more natural signaling system and developed a method using live CHO-K1-hM 4 R cells and automated fluorescence microscopy suitable for routine determination of unlabeled ligand affinities. For quantitative image analysis, we developed random forest and deep learning-based pipelines for cell segmentation. The pipelines were integrated into the user-friendly open-source Aparecium software. Both developed methods were suitable for measuring fluorescence ligand saturation binding, association and dissociation kinetics as well as for screening binding affinities of unlabeled ligands. Abstract Figure
New Insights into the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity ofLycopodium clavatum (2005)

Looking for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting compounds within the plant kingdom, we came across the triterpene alpha-onocerin, which has recently been described as the active principle (IC(50) of 5.2 microM) of Lycopodium clavatum L. In order to discover related terpenoid structures with similar AChE inhibitory activity, we investigated the roots of Ononis spinosa L. using Ellman's reagent in a microplate assay. No inhibitory effect could be measured, not even with the isolated alpha-onocerin (1), which is in contrast to previous findings. Bioassay-guided fractionation of L. clavatum resulted in the isolation of lyclavatol (2), showing a weak, but dose-dependent inhibitory effect on AChE. (1)H- and (13)C NMR shift assignments for 1 and 2 are presented and discussed.
Enhanced electroluminescence in suspended carbon nanotube transistors (2005)

In this work, we report the first electroluminescence results from suspended CNTFETs. We find not only an increase in quantum efficiency by 2-3 orders of magnitude, but a completely different dependence of the light emission on the electrical properties of the CNTFET. To fabricate a suspended CNTFET, we etched 2-10 mum wide trenches in 200 nm thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> on Si wafers
Simple Bipolar Molecules Constructed from Biphenyl Moieties as Host Materials for Deep‐Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2012)

Simple is good! Based on biphenyl molecules, two bipolar host materials with high triplet energies have been rationally designed, synthesized, and fully characterized. Deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, which employ the new hosts and an iridium(III) complex as triplet emitter, show a maximum current efficiency of 40 cd A(-1), a maximum power efficiency of 36 lm W(-1), and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 19.5 %.
Data-oriented strategy and Vp/Vs model-constraint for simultaneous Vp and Vs reconstruction in 3D viscoelastic FWI: Application to the SEAM II Foothill dataset (2018)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) of onshore targets is very challenging due to the complex free-surface-related effects and 3D geometry representation. In such areas, the seismic wavefield is dominated by highly energetic and dispersive surface waves, converted waves and back-scattering energy. We use a timedomain spectral-element-based approach for elastic wavefield simulation in foothill areas. The challenges of the elastic multiparameter FWI in complex land areas are highlighted through the inversion of the pseudo-2D dip-line survey of the SEAM Phase II Foothill dataset. As the data is dominated by surface waves, it is mainly sensitive to the S-wave velocity. We then propose a two-steps data-windowing hierarchy to simultaneously invert for P- and S-wave speeds, focusing on early body waves before considering the whole data. By doing so, we aim at exploiting the maximum amount of information in the observed data and getting a reliable model parameters estimation, both in the near-surface and in deeper part. The model constraint that we introduce on the ratio of compressional and shear velocities also plays an important role to mitigate the ill-posedness of the inversion process. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 17, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 207C (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
ChemInform Abstract: Applications and Limitations of the I2‐Mediated Carbamate Annulation for the Synthesis of Piperidines: Five‐ versus Six‐Membered Ring Formation. (2014)

Abstract Depending on the substrates ‐ which are derived from carbohydrates ‐ the I 2 ‐mediated cyclization yields either furan or piperidine derivatives.
Efficient and fast procedure for the calculation of electric and magnetic energies (2009)

New expressions are derived to calculate the reactive energy stored in the electromagnetic field surrounding an electromagnetic device. The resulting expressions are 1. very simple to interpret, 2. general, 3. rigorous in terms of the currents flowing on the device, and 4. fast since they involve integrals solely over the device generating the field. The new technique is very feasible to be used in cases where the electric and magnetic reactive energies are important in practice, for example in the case of resonators, or in the case of radiating structures. Used there, they allow to study in a rigorous way the effect of the shape of the device on the amount of reactive energy, and thus for example on the Q of the device. The implementation of the new expressions in numerical CAD tools is extremely simple and straightforward. In this paper, the expressions are derived for sources in the homogeneous medium vacuum, but this is not a fundamental restriction.
Three-dimensional modulated structures in rapidly solidified transition-metal-silicon alloys (1987)

Abstract Different ternary transition-metal-silicon alloys have been investigated in a search for quasicrystal formation. In some of these alloys a complex three-dimensional modulated structure related to quasicrystals has been discovered. The underlying basic structure is cubic with a modulation along all six 〈110〉∗ directions. The wavevectors are, however, generally slightly variable along different 〈1l0〉∗ directions destroying the cubic symmetry.
Creek watch (2011)

Citizen science projects can collect a wealth of scientific data, but that data is only helpful if it is actually used. While previous citizen science research has mostly focused on designing effective capture interfaces and incentive mechanisms, in this paper we explore the application of HCI methods to ensure that the data itself is useful. To provide a focus for this exploration we designed and implemented Creek Watch, an iPhone application and website that allow volunteers to report information about waterways in order to aid water management programs. Working with state and local officials and private groups involved in water monitoring, we conducted a series of contextual inquiries to uncover what data they wanted, what data they could immediately use, and how to most effectively deliver that data to them. We iteratively developed the Creek Watch application and website based on our findings and conducted evaluations of it with both contributors and consumers of water data, including scientists at the city water resources department. Our study reveals that the data collected is indeed useful for their existing practices and is already in use in water and trash management programs. Our results suggest the application of HCI methods to design the data for the end users is just as important as their use in designing the user interface.
Data distribution and synchronization in next generation mobile core network (2015)

Session and mobility management functions in 3GPP networks obtain data from functions such as HSS and PCRF via Diameter request-response and a managed, high performance network in between. New technology in database, storage and distributed synchronization make it feasible to massively replicate and store data. In this paper it is considered how a user's subscriber and context information is managed in a distributed manner across network clusters based on intelligent replication techniques - in contrast to today's approaches where data are fetched when a session or mobility handling process requires it. While this relaxes the need to deliver such data in real-time, there are several issues in a large scale communication system that need to be addressed - including scalability, keying, replication and security. Moreover, standards that specify a consistent data and information model are necessary.
Cover Image, Volume 92, Issue 9 (2017)

The cover image, by José Antonio Díaz et al., is based on the Research Article Kinetic modelling of the glycerol oxidation in the liquid phase: comparison of Pt, Au and Ag AS active phases , DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5296 . Photo Credit: CNRS Photothèque / Cyril FRESILLON. image
The Regression Learning of the Imbalanced and Big Data by the Online Mixture Model for the Mach Number Forecasting (2018)

Extracting valuable information to enhance the performance of forecasting models from the imbalanced and big data requires the scalable implementation of advanced statistical learning methods. This paper proposes the online mixture model (OMM) and applies it to the Mach number forecasting. Treating the key variable (e.g., Mach number) forecasting under all working conditions as an entire task, and viewing that of each individual working condition as a subtask, the OMM separates the dense samples from the sparse ones on the basis of subtasks. The subtask models are independently learnt on the samples with reduced volume, and updated for the new working conditions without retaining samples from the old working conditions. Moreover, the tree-structure ensemble (TSE)-feature subsets ensembles (FSEs) algorithm is presented to fit the nonlinear function of a subtask model, where the FSE local models with low-dimensional input features are established on the non-overlapping sample subsets constructed by the TSE method. The TSE-FSEs not only reduce the volume of data but also perform distributed computing with parallel structure, and thus has the advantage of the learning of big data. Experiments carried out on the measurement data of wind tunnel indicate that the OMM with the TSE-FSEs outperforms other learning algorithms for the Mach number forecasting, and meets the precision and forecasting speed requirements in engineering.
Asymmetric switching of antiferroelectric liquid-crystal cells (2001)

Antiferroelectric liquid-crystal cells usually show symmetric electro-optic switching response from the antiferroelectric state to two opposite ferroelectric states. Intermediate transmission levels (analog gray scale) can be stabilized, applying a constant dc bias voltage after switching. Modifying the manufacturing process and using narrow dynamic-range antiferroelectric materials, a fully asymmetric response has been achieved. This asymmetric switching allows the antiferroelectric cell to be driven as a ferroelectric cell, reducing or eliminating the bias voltage, and ultimately leading to analog optical multistability, i.e., devices whose optical transmission may be arbitrarily set and maintained without power supply.
Analysis and Design of Ultra-Wideband Antennas in the Spectral and Temporal Domains (2010)

Formal research on Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology started in the U.S. in 2002; where its definition was formulated and the frequency allocation in that country established. However, the first ultra-wideband transmission was done during the confirmation of Maxwell's equations by Heinrich Hertz in 1886, the first ever reported radio transmission. Sparks or very short pulses were sent and received at a distance away from its source. UWB antennas have existed since those times, but technology has been mostly focused on the transmission of continuous wave narrowband signals. The largest problematic encountered in today's UWB antennas is that characterization methods were, since the beginning, meant to describe narrowband antennas. The frequency characteristics of these antennas are constant over their operational bandwidth, hence they can be fully characterized in the frequency domain. UWB antennas, on the other hand, are meant to transmit pulsed signals. Analyzing them only in the frequency domain is not enough to fully evaluate their performance, as pulse distortion is an important parameter that should be controlled. An extended literature review is included in the first part of this thesis, where the available UWB antenna characterization methods are evaluated. Many limitations were encountered, showing that the available techniques do not analyze simultaneously the most important parameters of an UWB antenna. A new characterization method is proposed: the System Fidelity Factor (SFF). Its main purpose is to incorporate frequency, time and space characteristics of a two-antennas system to compare UWB antennas in an efficient way. This is achieved with the correlation between the received and the input pulses, quantifying the distortion produced by the system. The SFF is an interesting tool because both simulations and measurements can be done in a simple and straight-forward manner, using tools that are commonly available in any antenna lab. Any combination of antennas can be analyzed and the free-space channel can be easily replaced with any other environment. Several UWB antennas were designed and used to prove the efficiency of the SFF. A good agreement between the proposed simulation techniques and the measurements was achieved. The antennas are novel designs specially developed for UWB applications under the American or European regulations. The last part of the thesis presents these antennas and analyzes them using the SFF to compare their performance.
Vertical Si-Nanowire <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex></formula>-Type Tunneling FETs With Low Subthreshold Swing (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\leq \hbox{50}\ \hbox{mV/decade}$</tex> </formula>) at Room Temperature (2011)

This letter presents a Si nanowire based tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) using a CMOS-compatible vertical gate-all-around structure. By minimizing the thermal budget with low-temperature dopant-segregated silicidation for the source-side dopant activation, excellent TFET characteristics were obtained. We have demonstrated for the first time the lowest ever reported subthreshold swing (SS) of 30 mV/decade at room temperature. In addition, we reported a very convincing SS of 50 mV/decade for close to three decades of drain current. Moreover, our TFET device exhibits excellent characteristics without ambipolar behavior and with high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> ), as well as low Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering of 70 mV/V.
Abstract 1018: The diarylpentanoid curcumin analog GO-Y078 can effectively inhibit tumor angiogenesis through actin disorganization (2014)

Abstract Background Curcumin is a dietary pigment with anti-tumor potential. However, its bioavailability is low, and its numerous analogs are being developed. Diarylpentanoid analogs have approximately 50 times higher tumor suppression potential than curcumin and more effectively regulate various targets including β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB, and caspase-3. Methods Analogs were screened using endothelial cell sprouting and Xenopus vasculogenesis assays. Growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, wound healing, and invasion analyses as well as western blotting and cDNA microarrays were also performed. Stress fiber structures and focal adhesion (FA) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Subcellular analog localization was examined using a biotinylated analog. Results Sprouting and Xenopus assays indicated that GO-Y078 was comparable to the clinically approved angiogenesis inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib. Inhibition against endothelial cell growth and migration and apoptosis induction of GO-Y078 were similar to or at most 20 times higher than those of sorafenib and sunitinib. However, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling was much less than that observed with sorafenib and sunitinib. GO-Y078 inhibited actin stress fiber formation more effectively than sorafenib and sunitinib. It also decreased FA and induced detachment, resulting in anoikis. These potentials were suggested to be the result of mislocalization of heat shock protein 27 and actin as well as downregulation of fibronectin 1. Conclusion GO-Y078 is a new class of angiogenesis inhibitor that suppresses actin organization and vascular endothelial cell FA. Inhibition by these analogs could also be effective for redundancy due to complex angiogenesis signaling. Citation Format: shunsuke sugiyama, Chikashi Ishioka, Hiroyuki Shibata. The diarylpentanoid curcumin analog GO-Y078 can effectively inhibit tumor angiogenesis through actin disorganization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1018. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1018
Emergency extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A two‐center experience of incidence, outcome and temporal trends from 2010 to 2015 (2017)

Over a 6-year period, need for emergency vaECMO during TAVI significantly decreased over time. Despite high in-hospital mortality, vaECMO represents a feasible strategy for hemodynamic support in case of life-threatening complications.
Low Bending Sensitivity of Regular OM3/OM4 Fibers in 10GbE Applications (2010)

Regular graded-index multi-mode fibers exhibit low bend losses under 10GBASE-S sources launches. Improved process control of the inner part of the graded-core of OM3/OM4 fibers saves margins in 10GbE systems submitted to bends.
Guidelines for mouse and human DC functional assays (2022)

This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various non-lymphoid tissues. Recent studies have provided evidence for an increasing number of phenotypically distinct conventional DC (cDC) subsets that on one hand exhibit a certain functional plasticity, but on the other hand are characterized by their tissue- and context-dependent functional specialization. Here, we describe a selection of assays for the functional characterization of mouse and human cDC. The first two protocols illustrate analysis of cDC endocytosis and metabolism, followed by guidelines for transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of cDC populations. Then, a larger group of assays describes the characterization of cDC migration in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The final guidelines measure cDC inflammasome and antigen (cross)-presentation activity. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
Compact Energetic Light Particle Detector and Spectrometer (2004)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Strategies for antigen testing: An alternative approach to widespread PCR testing (2021)

ABSTRACT Multiple applications of low cost and rapid antigen tests for individuals, in parallel (at the same time) or at times sufficiently close to each other, when appropriately interpreted can considerably increase sensitivity of these tests, improving on their performance greatly. Under reasonable assumptions, this occurs when considering a positive to arise in a composite test if at least one of two underlying repeated tests are positive. Parallel Rapid Testing can potentially provide a form of testing that is accessible (combining wide availability and lack of expense) and quick. Moreover, it can provide a level of sensitivity that is comparable to seemingly more sophisticated but more expensive alternatives. In combination with sequential testing, this strategy offers an alternative method of testing that can be applied immediately and on a widespread basis.
Highly Sensitive Room Temperature Heterodyne Detection with Stabilized Qc Lasers (2022)

A heterodyne detection system, made with unipolar devices operating @$4.5 \mu \text{m}$, reaches a record noise equivalent power of 200 fW at room temperature. Key elements of this setup are frequency stabilized QC lasers and high-speed detectors.
Targeted imaging using ultrasound (2002)

The discipline of medical imaging is expanding to include both traditional anatomic modalities and new techniques for the functional assessment of the presence and extent of disease. Current FDA-approved ultrasound contrast agents are micron-sized bubbles with a stabilizing shell. Microbubble contrast agents can be used to estimate microvascular flow rate in a manner similar to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The concentration of these agents within the vasculature, reticulo-endothelial, or lymphatic systems produces an effective passive targeting of these areas. Liquid-filled nanoparticles and liposomes have also demonstrated echogenicity and are under evaluation as ultrasound contrast agents. Actively targeted ultrasound relies on specially designed contrast agents to localize the targeted molecular signature or physiologic system. These agents typically remain within the vascular space, and therefore possible targets include molecular markers on thrombus, endothelial cells, and leukocytes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the requirements, challenges, current progress, and future directions of targeted imaging with ultrasound.