gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure from Plasma Protein Biomarkers in Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy With Bevacizumab or Cetuximab: Results from CALGB 80405 (Alliance) (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Plasma Protein Biomarkers in Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy With Bevacizumab or Cetuximab: Results from CALGB 80405 (Alliance)
Stress‐induced changes in polyamine and tyramine levels can regulate proline accumulation in tomato leaf discs treated with sodium chloride (1998)

The effect of salt stress on proline (Pro) accumulation and its relationship with the changes occurring at the level of polyamine (PA) metabolism and tyramine were investigated in leaf discs of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ). The rate of accumulation of Pro, PA and tyramine was higher in the salt‐sensitive than in the salt‐tolerant cultivar. In the salt‐sensitive cultivar, Pro started to accumulate 4 h after the onset of the NaCl treatment, its maximum level being reached 27 h later. The lag phase was associated with a rapid decrease in putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) and some increase in 1,3‐diaminopropane (Dap), a product of Spd and/or spermine (Spm) oxidation. This was followed by an increase in agmatine (Agm), cadaverine (Cad), Spm and tyramine. α‐DL‐difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), an inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19), induced a decrease in the Put level in both control and stressed discs, while α‐DL‐difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17), caused a decrease in Spd and Spm levels only in salinized discs. These data suggest that ADC is operating under both control and stress conditions, whereas ODC activity is promoted only in response to salt stress. DFMA also depressed the salt‐induced Pro accumulation while DFMO did not inhibit this response. In salt‐stressed leaf discs, the decrease in Spd level in response to methylglyoxal‐bis‐(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) or cyclohexylammonium (CHA) treatment suggests that salt stress did not block SAM decarboxylase or Spd synthase activities. However, the increased level of Dap reflected a salt stress‐promoted oxidation of PA. CHA and MGBG had no effect on Pro accumulation. Putrescine, Dap and especially tyramine supplied at low concentrations stimulated the Pro response which was, however, suppressed by application of Spm. Treatment with aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of diamine oxidases, also strongly inhibited Pro accumulation. These data suggest that salt‐induced Pro accumulation in tomato leaf discs is closely related to changes in their PA metabolism, either via substrate‐product relationships or regulatory effects at target(s) which remain to be characterized.
Atom transfer radical polymerization and copolymerization of vinyl acetate catalyzed by copper halide/terpyridine (2009)

Abstract Copper‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is versatile for living polymerizations of a wide range of monomers, but ATRP of vinyl acetate (VAc) remains challenging due to the low homolytic cleavage activity of the carbon‐halide bond of the dormant poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains and the high reactivity of growing PVAc radicals. Therefore, all the reported highly active copper‐based catalysts are inactive in ATRP of VAc. Herein, we report the first copper‐catalyst mediated ATRP of VAc using CuBr/2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (tPy) or CuCl/tPy as catalysts. The polymerization was a first order reaction with respect to the monomer concentration. The molecular weights of the resulting PVAc linearly increased with the VAc conversion. The living character was further proven by self‐chain extension of PVAc. Using polystyrene (PS) as a macroinitiator, a well‐defined diblock copolymer PS‐b‐PVAc was prepared. Hydrolysis of the PS‐b‐PVAc produced a PS‐b‐poly(vinyl alcohol) amphiphilic diblock copolymer. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
STAT5 Interaction with the T Cell Receptor Complex and Stimulation of T Cell Proliferation (1999)

The role of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling was analyzed. STAT5 became immediately and transiently phosphorylated on tyrosine 694 in response to TCR stimulation. Expression of the protein tyrosine kinase Lck, a key signaling protein in the TCR complex, activated DNA binding of transfected STAT5A and STAT5B to specific STAT inducible elements. The role of Lck in STAT5 activation was confirmed in a Lck-deficient T cell line in which the activation of STAT5 by TCR stimulation was abolished. Expression of Lck induced specific interaction of STAT5 with the subunits of the TCR, indicating that STAT5 may be directly involved in TCR signaling. Stimulation of T cell clones and primary T cell lines also induced the association of STAT5 with the TCR complex. Inhibition of STAT5 function by expression of a dominant negative mutant STAT5 reduced antigen-stimulated proliferation of T cells. Thus, TCR stimulation appears to directly activate STAT5, which may participate in the regulation of gene transcription and T cell proliferation during immunological responses.
The Tactical Berth Allocation Problem with QC Assignment and Transshipment Costs (2009)

In this work we integrate at the tactical level two decision problems arising in container terminals: the berth allocation problem, which consists of assigning and scheduling incoming ships to berthing positions, and the quay crane assignment problem, which assigns to incoming ships a certain QC profile (i.e. number of quay cranes per working shift). We present two formulations: a mixed integer quadratic program and a linearization which reduces to a mixed integer linear program. The objective function aims, on the one hand, to maximize the total value of chosen QC profiles and, on the other hand, to minimize the housekeeping costs generated by transshipment flows between ships. To solve the problem we developed a heuristic algorithm which combines tabu search methods and mathematical programming techniques. Computational results on instances based on real data are presented and compared to those obtained through a commercial solver.
The photochemistry of cylopentadienylmolybdenum complexes including the mechanism of the cis-trans photoisomerism of (η5-C5H5)Mo(CO)2LX, X = Cl Br, I; L = PPh3, PBu3 (1990)

Photolysis of trans-(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Mo(CO) 2 LX (L = PPh 3 , PBu 3 ; X = Br, I), at 12 K in 1,2-epoxyethylbenzene, results in CO loss. The product is formed as a specific isomer of (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Mo(CO)LX, isomer 1. This isomer, upon warming, yields only trans-(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Mo(CO) 2 LX in its reaction with CO. Photolysis of cis-(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Mo(CO) 2 LX (L = PPh 3 , PBu 3 ; X = Cl, Br, I) under similar conditions also results in CO loss to generate the unsaturated intermediate, (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Mo(CO)LX as a different geometric isomer, isomer 2. The unsaturated intermediate, isomer 2, reacts thermally with CO to generate only cis-(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Mo(CO) 2 LX. The geometry of these unsaturated intermediates and their interaction with solvent is discussed. Keywords: mechanism, isomerism, photochemistry, molybdenum.
Random wrinkle structures for spectrum preserved warm white organic light emitting diodes (2022)

Surface wrinkles of mesoscopic size were formed by a single photocuring process of an in-house synthesized linear liquid pre-polymer. The linear relationship between the amplitude and the period of the wrinkles indicates the presence of constant compressive strain during the wrinkling process. The stiffness ratio of the hard film to the soft foundation decreases as the initial film becomes thinner, providing a quantitative measure for estimating the wrinkle size. As an application, mesoscopic wrinkles were investigated as optical structures for enhanced light outcoupling and angular spectral stability of red, green, blue, and white organic light emitting diodes.
Implications of Coupling Fractional Flow and Geochemistry for CO2 Injection in Aquifers (2007)

Summary The geochemical changes caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into aquifers include acidification and carbonation of the native brine. There are also potential mineral-dissolution and mineral-precipitation reactions caused by the aqueous-composition changes. The latter are important for evaluating the potential CO2-storage capacity in the form of minerals. Reactions also may influence the performance of the injection well. The theories of geochemical flows and of fractional flow provide useful insight into several aspects of CO2 sequestration. This paper gives the mathematical formalism of combined geochemical reactions and multiphase flow. If the local-equilibrium assumption applies, the theory leads to a graphical solution, from which it is easy to see when and under what conditions mineralization will occur. The theory also illustrates the modes of CO2 trapping (hydrodynamic, solubility, mineral, residual saturation). Trapping mechanisms are identified analytically. We also show that the natural groundwater flow alters the modes of trapping significantly.
Effet de l'addition de sorbitol à la ration des vaches laitières en début de lactation sur leurs performances et sur quelques paramètres sanguins (1986)

Effet de l'addition de sorbitol la ration des vaches laitires en dbut de lactation sur leurs performances et sur quelques paramtres sanguins.
Selektive katalytische Reduktion von NO durch NH3 bei niedrigen Temperaturen mit Hilfe von Mn-, Cr- und Cu-Oxiden auf einem Hombikat-TiO2-Träger (2001)

Hochaktiv, zeitlich stabil und wasserresistent ist der hier vorgestellte Katalysator Mn/TiO2 für die selektive Reduktion von NO durch NH3 [Gl. (1)]. Mit ihm beträgt wie mit den analogen Cu- und Cr-haltigen Katalysatoren die Ausbeute an N2 bei Temperaturen ≤120°C bereits 100 %. Die Lewis-Acidität, die Redoxeigenschaften und eine hohe Oberflächenkonzentration der Metalloxide sind essentiell für eine gute katalytische Leistung.
Limonin and Limonoids (1980)

Limonoids are a group of chemically related triterpene derivatives found in the Rutaceae and Meliaceae families. Limonin is an intensely bitter limonoid that occurs widely in citrus juices where its presence at above threshold levels generally detracts from juice quality. Studies have shown that the metabolically active form of limonin is limonoate A-ring lactone (LARL) which is nonbitter. LARL is synthesized in the leaves and translocated to the fruit and seeds. It is slowly degraded in the fruit to non-bitter products by at least two metabolic pathways. LARL undergoes acid catalyzed lactonization to limonin when the fruit tissues are disrupted in juice preparation. Group bitterness thresholds for limonin in orange juice have been reported to be in the 6 ppm range. On the other hand, individual thresholds as low as 0.5 ppm have been reported. In the latter study, 30% of the panel had thresholds of 2 ppm or below. While limonin content tends to be high in the juice from early-season navel, Shamouti, and Murcott oranges, available data indicate that levels of 2 ppm are not uncommon in commercial orange juice. Bitterness is modulated by juice properties including soluble solids, citric acid content and pH. In addition, several tasteless citrus flavonoids specifically suppress bitterness and increase juice acceptability, as do the flavanone glycoside derived dihydrochalcone sweeteners. The above areas are reviewed in detail and new developments in limonoid biochemistry are discussed.
Demixing of (Ni,Co)O under an Oxygen Potential Gradient(II) (1992)

As continuation of a previously published work, this paper reports a way to estimate the oxygen partial pressure at one end of the sample during demixing anneal of (Ni, Co)O using a galvanic cell. Also, the calculation of demixing profile using the path probability method (PPM) is extended to non‐ideal solution, and atomistic parameters are evaluated combining with experimental data.
Development of virtual learning environment for discovery learning in school education (2002)

Abstract This paper focuses on learning which emphasizes experience among discovery learning schemes. Knowledge gained by experience is clearly stable compared with learning acquired by simple symbol manipulations. Thus, realizing a learning environment supporting discovery learning using virtual reality (VR) technology is attempted. The VR technology has many characteristic functions and can provide an interactive learning environment with a high degree of freedom which is required in supporting discovery learning which relies on experience. In this paper, considering applications to curriculum education, in which discovery learning is performed frequently, a framework of a virtual learning environment (VLE), which is a learning environment, integrating the functions of a VR environment and an ITS environment is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(7): 61–72, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.1142
Dr. Harold (Hal) Moses on TGF-beta Regulation of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (2007)

Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP4 file: Discovery Lecture Series - Videos - Dr Harold (Hal) Moses on TGF-beta Regulation of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions in Cancer.
On Defect Oriented Testing for Hybrid CMOS/Memristor Memory (2011)

Hybrid CMOS/memristor memory (hybrid memory)technology is one of the emerging memory technologies potentially to replace conventional non-volatile flash memory. Existing research on such novel circuits focuses mainly on the integration between CMOS and non-CMOS, fabrication techniques and reliability improvement. However, research on defect analysis for yield and quality improvement is still in its infancy stage. This paper presents a framework of defect oriented testing in hybrid memory based on electrical simulation. First, a classification and definition of defects is introduced. Second, a simulation model for defect injection and circuit simulation is proposed. Third, a case study to illustrate how the proposed approach can be used to analyze the defects and translate their electrical faulty behavior into fault models - in order to develop the appropriate tests and design for testability schemes - is provided. The simulation results show that in addition to the occurrence of conventional semiconductor memories faults, new unique faults take place, e.g., faults that cause the cell to hold an undefined state. These new unique faults require new test approaches (e.g., DfT) in order to be able to detect them.
Dry Transient Electronic Systems by Use of Materials that Sublime (2017)

The recent emergence of materials for electronic systems that are capable of programmable self‐destruction and/or bio/eco‐resorption creates the potential for important classes of devices that cannot be easily addressed using conventional technologies, ranging from temporary biomedical implants to enviromentally benign environmental monitors to hardware secure data systems. Although most previous demonstrations rely on wet chemistry to initiate transient processes of degradation/decomposition, options in “dry transient electronic systems” could expand the range of possible uses. The work presented here introduces materials and composite systems in which sublimation under ambient conditions leads to mechanical fragmentation and disintegration of active devices upon disappearance of a supporting substrate, encapsulation layer, interlayer dielectric and/or gate dielectric. Examples span arrays of transistors based on silicon nanomembranes with specialized device designs to solar cells adapted from commercial components.
Multicomponent T2 relaxation analysis in cartilage (2009)

MR techniques are sensitive to the early stages of osteoarthritis, characterized by disruption of collagen and loss of proteoglycan (PG), but are of limited specificity. Here, water compartments in normal and trypsin-degraded bovine nasal cartilage were identified using a nonnegative least squares multiexponential analysis of T(2) relaxation. Three components were detected: T(2,1)=2.3 ms, T(2,2)=25.2 ms, and T(2,3)=96.3 ms, with fractions w(1)=6.2%, w(2)=14.5%, and w(3)=79.3%, respectively. Trypsinization resulted in increased (P<0.01) values of T(2,2)=64.2 ms and T(2,3)=149.4 ms, supporting their assignment to water compartments that are bound and loosely associated with PG, respectively. The T(2) of the rapidly relaxing component was not altered by digestion, supporting assignment to relatively immobile collagen-bound water. Relaxation data were simulated for a range of TE, number of echoes, and SNR to guide selection of acquisition parameters and assess the accuracy and precision of experimental results. Based on this, the expected experimental accuracy of measured T(2)s and associated weights was within 2% and 4% respectively, with precision within 1% and 3%. These results demonstrate the potential of multiexponential T(2) analysis to increase the specificity of MR characterization of cartilage.
Mecillinam Resistance in Escherichia coli: Dissociation of Growth Inhibition and Morphologic Change (1981)

The resistance of mecillinam of Escherichia coli strain RF292, which was isolated from a patient during relapse of septicemia, was investigated. Although strain RF292 underwent morphologic change at the same concentration of mecillinam as the wild-type strain (RF81) and a revertant strain (RF293), RF292 was 128-fold more resistant than RF81 or RF293 to growth inhibition by mecillinam. The resistance of RF292 was associated with a 15%-35% longer generation time and a 30%-35% smaller cell volume than RF81 or RF293. The latter two strains. When growing slowly under nutritionally deprived conditions, assumed a mecillinam-resistant phenotype. Thus, resistance of E. coli to growth inhibition by mecillinam can occur in association with a slow growth rate and a small cell volume of either hereditary or environmental origin.
Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Different Biological Compartments (2000)

Little information is available describing viral loads in body fluids other than blood. In addition, the suitability of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA quantitation has not been evaluated in most nonblood fluids. We compared Organon Teknika's nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method (NASBA) and Roche's Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR]) for quantitating HIV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, breast milk, seminal plasma, and cervical-vaginal lavage fluid (CVL). Saliva and breast milk frequently demonstrated some inhibition in the RT-PCR assay, similar to the inhibition previously described in seminal plasma. Inhibition of the RT-PCR assay was not observed with CSF or CVL, nor in any of the NASBA assays. When fluids from HIV-infected individuals were tested by RT-PCR and NASBA, 73 and 27% of CSF samples and 60 and 40% of breast milk specimens had detectable RNA, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. In cross-sectional studies using RT-PCR to measure viral RNA in paired blood plasma and CSF samples, 71% of blood plasma samples and 42% of CSF samples were positive. A similar analysis using NASBA with paired blood plasma and CVL, saliva, or seminal plasma samples revealed 91% were blood plasma positive and 55% were CVL positive, 76% were blood plasma positive and 46% were saliva positive, and 83% were blood plasma positive and 63% were seminal plasma positive. NASBA worked fairly well to quantitate HIV-1 RNA from all fluids without apparent inhibition. RT-PCR performed well on CVL and CSF, frequently with greater sensitivity, although its use in other fluids appears limited due to the presence of inhibitors. These studies demonstrate that viral loads in nonblood fluids were generally lower than in blood.
Latest Progress in Power Modules for Appliance Inverter Applications (2006)

This paper presents a new version of the dual in-line package intelligent power module (DIP-IPM Ver.4) developed by Mitsubishi Electric for home appliance motor control. The DIP-IPM Ver.4, features a completely lead free process with both chip bonding solders and lead plating compliant with international initiatives for the reduction of hazardous materials. Package miniaturization has been achieved by utilizing a new insulating resin sheet with high thermal conductivity, direct wire bonding technology, and an optimized lead frame design
A 1-bit Reconfigurable Reflectarray Element with Independent Dual-band Phase Controlling Capability (2019)

A 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) element with independent dual-band phase controlling capability is designed and analyzed. Two PIN diodes are placed at the orthogonal sides of the rectangular microstrip patch. By switching them ON or OFF individually, the resonant property of the patch is tuned, and thus, independent 180° phase difference at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz is achieved. Two sets of biasing circuits that are able to isolate DC/RF signals effectively at both frequencies are elaborately designed. Element simulations demonstrate good 1-bit phase controlling performance with optimized isolation between two frequencies, laying a solid foundation for the practical realization of functional 1-bit dual-band RRA in the future.
Fluorometer for endoscopic diagnosis of tumors (1984)

A filter fluorometer suitable for endoscopic applications has been developed for detection and characterization of superficial tumors by the fluorescence of a previously injected, tumor-specific agent, hematoporphyrin derivative. Fluorescence is excited by violet light conducted through a fiberoptic lightguide in the endoscope, and the fluorescence emission together with reflected violet are collected by another fiberoptic lightguide. The red fluorescence and violet are separated by a dichroic mirror and filter and detected in photomultiplier tubes. The ratio of the fluorescence signal to the reflected violet signal is proportional to the ratio of the fluorescence yield to the violet reflectivity but is insensitive to variations in distance, angle, and violet power. The instrument may be useful for localizing small tumors, and for quantitative measurements of the amount of hematoporphyrin derivative in the tumor, a requirement for accurate dosimetry in photoradiation therapy.
Remote sensing ocean data analyses using fuzzy C-Means clustering (2009)

With the deep understanding and exploitation of the wide Ocean, There are more and more fine instrument installed or loaded on measuring ships or other marines. The high costs and complexity of corrosion place ever-increasing demands on the analyses of surrounding ocean environment. In this paper, the fuzzy C-Means clustering is used to analyze the surrounding ocean environment with remote sensing data. The studied ocean area is considered as a two dimensional gird or an image, and the fuzzy C-Means clustering technique is used to reveal the underlying relationship of the elements and segment the interrelated ocean in regions with similar spectral properties in the influence of instrument corrosion. The influence of the environment elements in instrument corrosion is studied and a priori spatial information is added to improving the segmentation result. The fitness function containing neighbor information was set up based on the gray information and the neighbor relations between the pixels. By making use of the global searching ability of the predator-prey particle swarm optimization, the optimal cluster center could be obtained by iterative optimization and the segmentation could be accomplished. The calculation results show that the segmentation is accurate and reasonable. This ocean environment analysis fruit has used in real application and has proved to be valuable in ship instrument corrosion monitoring and the guide of other ocean activity.