gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended Communication Path Length Scintillation Measurements And Model: A Discussion Of Results (1989)

Successful design of an atmospheric laser communications terminal requires an understanding of atmospheric turbulence induced scintillation of the optical signal. Laser beam scintillation is small scale interference within the beam cross section due to turbulence induced fluctuations of the refractive index of the atmosphere, causing variations in the spatial power density at the receiver. The variations in the spatial power density at the receiver manifest themselves as fades and surges of the detected optical signal. By understanding the statistics and power spectrum of the fades and surges, communication terminals can be designed to achieve needed levels of performance by employing optimized choices of increased link margin and error coding. As part of the HAVE LACE (Laser Airborne Communications Experiment) program, amplitude scintillation data was collected and analyzed for extended propagation path lengths. The analysis included the determination of the statistics and temporal power spectrum of the scintillation and the effect on communications performance. Since the HAVE LACE terminals used direct detection of pulsed laser energy, the random variations in the received signal strength was used to evaluate only the atmospheric turbulence induced amplitude scintillations. The collected data has been reduced and compared with a model for extended path length channels. The objective of this comparison was to verify the performance of the model against the collected data. The results from the comparison show a reasonable degree of correlation between the data and the model which warrants further investigation of this approach. This analysis is presented in a form which is consistent with an understanding of the implications of the effect of the communications channel on system performance.
Patients insist on antibiotics for sinusitis? Here is a good reason to say "no". (2008)

Stop prescribing antibiotics for adults with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, unless the patient has severe symptoms. Antibiotics have little if any positive effects on the severity and duration of symptoms, and they cause adverse effects and create unnecessary expense.
Model of the New Sales Planning Optimization and Sales Force Deployment ERP Business Intelligence Module for Direct Sales of the Products and Services with Temporal Characteristics (2012)

Considering that direct sales today has significant share in the whole sales niche and that existing travelling salesman problem solutions still do not provide a comprehensive resolution for sales force deployment when selling products and services with temporal or periodic recurring, here we present a new method that combines business intelligence and easy-to-use graphical user interface to give the answers. Module is self-learning due to implemented statistics with tendency for more accurate sales predictions as time goes by. Presented model is applicable in various industries like telecommunications, finance, pharmaceuticals etc. and capable of solving large-scale real-world problems in real time.
Tgr5 −/− mice are protected from ethanol-induced metabolic alterations through enhanced leptin and Fgf21 signaling (2023)

Tgr5-/- mice are protected from ethanol-induced liver damage and lipid accumulation. Alterations in lipid uptake and Fgf21 signaling, and enhanced metabolic activity of white adipose tissue, may mediate these effects.
Deleterious assembly of the lamin A/C mutant p.S143P causes ER stress in familial dilated cardiomyopathy (2016)

Mutation of the LMNA gene, encoding nuclear lamin A and lamin C (hereafter lamin A/C), is a common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Among Finnish DCM patients, the founder mutation c.427T>C (p.S143P) is the most frequently reported genetic variant. Here, we show that p.S143P lamin A/C is more nucleoplasmic and soluble than wild-type lamin A/C and accumulates into large intranuclear aggregates in a fraction of cultured patient fibroblasts as well as in cells ectopically expressing either FLAG- or GFP-tagged p.S143P lamin A. In fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) experiments, non-aggregated EGFP-tagged p.S143P lamin A was significantly more dynamic. In in vitro association studies, p.S143P lamin A failed to form appropriate filament structures but instead assembled into disorganized aggregates similar to those observed in patient cell nuclei. A whole-genome expression analysis revealed an elevated unfolded protein response (UPR) in cells expressing p.S143P lamin A/C. Additional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by tunicamycin reduced the viability of cells expressing mutant lamin further. In summary, p.S143P lamin A/C affects normal lamina structure and influences the cellular stress response, homeostasis and viability.
1.5 μm analog BiCMOS/DMOS process for medium voltage and current power ICs applications up to 50 V (2002)

ABCD150 is a 1.5 /spl mu/m analog BiCMOS/DMOS process. It addresses power ICs for medium voltage and current applications up to 50 V. Four types of power MOS transistors are available; low voltage MOS; high voltage MOS; vertical DMOS; and HV lateral DMOS. Each is optimized for minimum specific on resistance R/sub ds/(on) (in /spl Omega/.mm/sup 2/) at their respective operating voltages.
A Comparison of Hearing-Impaired and Normally Hearing Students on Locus of Control, People Orientation, and Study Habits and Attitudes (1983)

Previous research has demonstrated the relevance of various student aptitudes to instructional outcomes for hearing students. The purposes of the present work were: (a) to refine measures of locus of control, people orientation, and study habits and attitudes developed and/or adapted especially for hearing-impaired students and (b) to compare hearing-impaired students with normally hearing students on these measures. Results demonstrate reliable assessments of these aptitudes and reveal pedagogically important differences between normally hearing and hearing-impaired postsecondary students. These differences were consistent with expectations and theory and are discussed in terms of practical implications.
Interfacial Microstructure and Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites Modified with Graphene Oxide (2012)

The performance of carbon fiber-reinforced composites is dependent to a great extent on the properties of fiber-matrix interface. To improve the interfacial properties in carbon fiber/epoxy composites, we directly introduced graphene oxide (GO) sheets dispersed in the fiber sizing onto the surface of individual carbon fibers. The applied graphite oxide, which could be exfoliated to single-layer GO sheets, was verified by atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface topography of modified carbon fibers and the distribution of GO sheets in the interfacial region of carbon fibers were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interfacial properties between carbon fiber and matrix were investigated by microbond test and three-point short beam shear test. The tensile properties of unidirectional (UD) composites were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The results of the tests reveal an improved interfacial and tensile properties in GO-modified carbon fiber composites. Furthermore, significant enhancement of interfacial shear strength (IFSS), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and tensile properties was achieved in the composites when only 5 wt % of GO sheets introduced in the fiber sizing. This means that an alternative method for improving the interfacial and tensile properties of carbon fiber composites by controlling the fiber-matrix interface was developed. Such multiscale reinforced composites show great potential with their improved mechanical performance to be likely applied in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Electrode Material as Anode for Improving the Electrochemical Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (2021)

The energy generation without causing environmental pollution is a unique idea to make a better survival for human beings. In this regard, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been considered to be eco-friendly and efficient technology to produce renewable energy. The operations and functioning of MFCs technology were affected by many factors but the electrodes are the most essential and significant aspects in MFCs. Moreover, a wide variety of electrodes and MFCs configurations have been developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of MFCs. The carbon materials (graphite, graphene etc.) were commonly used for the electrode fabrication, due to some unique properties such as high conductivity, good thermal stability, high surface area, good mechanical power etc. In this chapter, different electrode materials, used for anode fabrication were summarized to reveal the performance/efficiency toward the generation of electricity. Finally, the electrochemical characterizations tool, current challenges, and future perspectives of the electrode in MFCs were discussed briefly.
Finite-Element Modeling of Evanescent Modes in the Stopband of Periodic Structures (2008)

A novel implementation of periodic boundary conditions in the finite-element method is presented that is applicable to complex eigenmode analysis of the electromagnetic waves in infinite periodic media. A weighted residual finite-element (FE) model is employed to obtain the attenuation constant of evanescent/complex modes within bandgaps by analyzing only one unit cell of the structure. Plots of the imaginary and the real parts of the propagation constants versus frequency are shown which confirms the capability of the developed FE code in capturing complex modes.
An MMPP-based hierarchical model of Internet traffic (2004)

In this paper, we propose a MMPP (Markov modulated Poisson process) traffic model that accurately approximates the LRU (long range dependence) characteristics of Internet traffic traces. Using the notion of sessions and flows, the proposed MMPP model mimics the real hierarchical behavior of the packet generation process by Internet users. Thanks to its hierarchical structure, the proposed model is both simple and intuitive: it allows the generation of traffic with the desired characteristics by easily setting a few input parameters which have a clear physical meaning. Results prove that the queuing behavior of the traffic generated by the MMPP model is coherent with the one produced by the real traces collected at our institution edge router under different networking scenarios and loads. Due to its characteristics, the proposed MMPP traffic model can be used as a simple and manageable tool for IP network performance analysis, as well as for network planning and dimensioning.
Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors of Raspberry Viruses (2022)

The estimated global production of raspberry from year 2016 to 2020 averaged 846,515 tons. The most common cultivated <i>Rubus</i> spp. is European red raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L. subsp. <i>idaeus</i>). Often cultivated for its high nutritional value, the red raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>) is susceptible to multiple viruses that lead to yield loss. These viruses are transmitted through different mechanisms, of which one is invertebrate vectors. Aphids and nematodes are known to be vectors of specific raspberry viruses. However, there are still other potential raspberry virus vectors that are not well-studied. This review aimed to provide an overview of studies related to this topic. All the known invertebrates feeding on raspberry were summarized. Eight species of aphids and seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes were the only proven raspberry virus vectors. In addition, the eriophyid mite, <i>Phyllocoptes gracilis</i>, has been suggested as the natural vector of raspberry leaf blotch virus based on the current available evidence. Interactions between vector and non-vector herbivore may promote the spread of raspberry viruses. As a conclusion, there are still multiple aspects of this topic that require further studies to get a better understanding of the interactions among the viral pathogens, invertebrate vectors, and non-vectors in the raspberry agroecosystem. Eventually, this will assist in development of better pest management strategies.
Stability relations of some minerals in the Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O system (1957)

Equilibrium relationships among mineral phases in the low soda part of the system Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O are presented. Assemblages of three crystalline phases in equilibrium with an aqueous phase at elevated water pressure (5,000-30,000 psi) are arranged in order of increasing temperature of stability, with relationships shown diagrammatically by a series of phase triangles. Upper temperature limits of stability at high water pressures are given for analcite, paragonite, hydroxy-sodalite, hydroxy-cancrinite, Na-montmorillonite, and a nepheline hydrate phase.
Food Oral Processing: Conversion of Food Structure to Textural Perception (2012)

Food oral processing includes all muscle activities, jaw movements, and tongue movements that contribute to preparing food for swallowing. Simultaneously, during the transformation of food structure to a bolus, a cognitive representation of food texture is formed. These physiological signals detected during oral processing are highly complex and dynamic in nature because food structure changes continuously due to mechanical and biochemical breakdown coupled with the lubricating action of saliva. Multiple and different sensations are perceived at different stages of the process. Although much work has focused on factors that determine mechanical (e.g., rheological and fracture) and sensory properties of foods, far less attention has been paid to linking food transformations that occur during oral processing with sensory perception of texture. Understanding how food structure influences specific patterns of oral processing and how these patterns relate to specific textural properties and their cognitive representations facilitates the design of foods that are nutritious, healthy, and enjoyable.
Diffusion dynamics in an advanced optical trap (2003)

Stochastic processes play a key role in the communications inside the cells, cell mitosis and membrane channel regulation. It has been suggested that the molecular transport mechanism can be based on rectified thermal diffusion in a Brownian ratchet. A two-dimensional optical potential of circular symmetry created by a Bessel light beam is an ideal playground to study these phenomena. This optical field can be tilted to create a periodic (washboard) potential of imperfect Brownian ratchet. The tilt variation induces a directed transport of microparticles or biomolecules across the potential barriers when biomolecules attached non-covalently to these microparticles. In the central maximum of Bessel beam particles can be guided due to radiation pressure. Our data offer a new venue for understanding of cooperative phenomena in biology.
Coupling between Myogenesis and Angiogenesis during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Is Stimulated by Restorative Macrophages (2017)

In skeletal muscle, new functions for vessels have recently emerged beyond oxygen and nutrient supply, through the interactions that vascular cells establish with muscle stem cells. Here, we demonstrate in human and mouse that endothelial cells (ECs) and myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) interacted together to couple myogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration. Kinetics of gene expression of ECs and MPCs sorted at different time points of regeneration identified three effectors secreted by both ECs and MPCs. Apelin, Oncostatin M, and Periostin were shown to control myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling in vitro and to be required for myogenesis and vessel formation during muscle regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, restorative macrophages, which have been previously shown to support myogenesis in vivo, were shown in a 3D triculture model to stimulate myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling, notably through Oncostatin M production. Our data demonstrate that restorative macrophages orchestrate muscle regeneration by controlling myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling.
Cardiac right ventricular segmentation via point correspondence (2013)

This study presents an approach to the segmentation of the right ventricle (RV) from a sequence of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images. Automatic delineation of the RV is difficult because of its complex morphology, thin and ill-defined borders, and the photometric similarities between the connected cardiac regions such as papillary muscles and heart wall. Further, geometric/photometric models are hard to build from a finite training set because of the significant differences in size, shape, and intensity between subjects. In this study, we propose to use a non-rigid registration method developed recently to obtain the point correspondence in a sequence of cine MR images. Given the segmentation on the first frame, the proposed method segments both endocardial and epicardial borders of the RV using the obtained point correspondence, and relaxes the need of a training set. The proposed method is evaluated quantitatively on common data set by comparison with manual segmentation, which demonstrated competitive results in comparison with recent methods.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2-Chloro-4-amino-5-(p-halogenophenoxy) phenylthiocyanate Compounds. I. (1967)

1) Application of 2, 4-dichloronitrobenzene to the potassium salts 2, 5-dichloro-, 2, 4, 5-trichloro-, p-fluoro-, and p-iodophenols, and p-chlorothiophenol, in the presence of copper powder, afforded (2-phenoxy-5-chloro)nitrobenzenes (III to VI) and [2-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-5-chloro] nitrobenzene (VII). These nitre compounds were reduced to the amino compounds (XI to XVIII) with stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid. Thiocyanation of these compounds, 2-amino-4-chlorophenol, and XIX, by treatment with ammonium thiocyanate and bromine in acetic acid afforded the thiocyano compounds (XXI to XXX). 2) Reaction of the potassium salts of p-chloro- and p-bromophenols with 2-chloro-, 4-bromo-, 2-chloro-4-fluoro-, and 2-chloro-4-iodo-nitrobenzenes, in the presence of copper powder, afforded the nitro compounds (XXXI to XXXVI), which were reduced with stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid to the amino compounds (XXXVII to XLII), and further derived to the thiocyano compounds (XLIII to XLVII) by treatment with ammonium thiocyanate and bromine. 3) All these thiocyanate compounds were submitted to antifungal tests against Candida and Trichophyton. None of the compounds showed much activity against Candida but some of the compounds had activity against Trichophyton comparable to or better than that of I.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Picometer-scale conformational heterogeneity separates functional from nonfunctional states of a photoreceptor protein. (2008)

Protein structural fluctuations occur over a wide spatial scale, ranging from minute, picometer-scale displacements, to large, interdomain motions and partial unfolding. While large-scale protein structural changes and their effects on protein function have been the focus of much recent attention, small-scale fluctuations have been less well studied, and are generally assumed to have proportionally smaller effects. Here we use the bacterial photoreceptor photoactive yellow protein (PYP) to test if subtle structural changes do, indeed, imply equally subtle functional effects. We flash froze crystals of PYP to trap the protein's conformational ensemble, and probed the molecules in this ensemble for their ability to facilitate PYP's biological function (i.e., light-driven isomerization of its chromophore). Our results indicate that the apparently homogeneous structural state observed in a 0.82 A crystal structure in fact comprises an ensemble of conformational states, in which subpopulations with nearly identical structures display dramatically different functional properties. PMID: 18547519
Mosaïque d’images multi résolution et applications (2009)

The thesis considers the of use motorized cameras with 3 degrees of freedom which are commonly called PTZ cameras. The orientation of such cameras is controlled according to two angles: the panorama angle (θ) describes the degree of rotation around on vertical axis and the tilt angle (ϕ) refers to rotation along a meridian line. Theoretically, these cameras can cover an omnidirectional field of vision of 4psr. Generally, the panorama angle and especially the tilt angle are limited for such cameras. In addition to control of the orientation of the camera, it is also possible to control focal distance, thus allowing an additional degree of freedom. Compared to other material, PTZ cameras thus allow one to build a panorama of very high resolution. A panorama is a wide representation of a scene built starting from a collection of images. The first stage in the construction of a panorama is the acquisition of the various images. To this end, we made a theoretical study to determine the optimal paving of the sphere with rectangular surfaces to minimize the number of zones of recovery. This study enables us to calculate an optimal trajectory of the camera and to limit the number of images necessary to the representation of the scene. We also propose various processing techniques which appreciably improve the rendering of the mosaic image and correct the majority of the defaults related to the assembly of a collection of images which were acquired with differing image capture parameters. A significant part of our work was used to the automatic image registration in real time, i.e. lower than 40ms. The technology that we developed makes it possible to obtain a particularly precise image registration with an computation time about 4ms (AMD1.8MHz). Our research leads directly to two proposed applications for the tracking of moving objects. The first involves the use of a PTZ camera and a spherical mirror. The combination of these two elements makes it possible to detect any motion object in the scene and to then to focus itself on one of them. Within the framework of this application, we propose an automatic algorithm of calibration of the system. The second application exploits only PTZ camera and allows the segmentation and the tracking of the objects in the scene during the movement of the camera. Compared to the traditional applications of motion detection with a PTZ camera, our approach is different by the fact that it compute a precise segmentation of the objects allowing their classification.
Natürliche Aktivierung und künstliche Stimulation der Beinmuskulatur beim Liegeradfahren (2007)

Einführung: Das Radfahren Querschnittgelähmter ist mithilfe künstlich erzeugter Stimulationsmuster (Einschaltreihenfolge der Beinmuskeln) realisierbar. Eine Optimierung dieser individuell für den einzelnen Patienten berechneten Muster könnte zu Leistungserhöhungen beim Radfahren und zu besserem kardiovaskulären und Muskel-Training führen.
Inhalation of Terbutaline Spray through an Extended Mouthpiece (1980)

In a cross-over experiment, 16 adult asthmatics slowly inhaled, at functional residual capacity, cumulative doses of terbutaline spray with and without extension of the mouthpiece of the aerosol canister by a cylindrical tube (length 10.0 cm, diameter 3.2 cm). No difference was found between the two modes of treatment with regard to the bronchodilator response assessed by measurement of specific airway conductance, registration of expiratory flow-volume curves and determination of helium response. The results suggest that the use of an extension tube may not promote a more extensive nor a more peripheral deposition in the bronchial tree of a properly inhaled pressurized aerosol drug.
Orthosis and Foot Structure Affect the Fifth Metatarsal Principal Strains During Simulated Level Walking (2022)

Clinicians can use characteristics of foot structure to determine the proper foot orthosis to potentially reduce stress fracture risk in high-risk individuals.