gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Bi-Spectral Image Sensor for 3D Vision (2007)

The work presented here is related to Cyclope, an embedded active 3D vision system. The challenge is to realize an integrated sensor which achieve real-time depth vision with constraints on the size, consumption and computational ressources. Cyclope is based on active vision and is integrated in a VSiP (Visual System in Package) allowing multiple technology cohabitation, such as a CMOS imager or an AsGa VSCEL, in the same chip size package. In this paper we present an acquisition method which allows to grab both texture and IR pattern images at a 25 image/s frame rate. The method uses a pulsed IR laser pattern projector and CMOS image sensor with programmable integration time. This sensor is realized in a standard silicon technology and without additional optical filtering. The first experimental results are presented to validate our approach with the realization of a functional prototype using a SOPC board, a structured pattern projector and the designed image sensor.
Engineered Porosity via Tape Casting, Lamination and the Percolation of Pyrolyzable Particulates (1999)

Sintered ceramic preforms with open pore volumes from 20% to 80% (with no alteration in sintering shrinkage) were developed by adding pyrolyzable pore‐forming agents (PFAs) to a tape‐casting colloidal suspension. Sintered porous characteristics were directly controlled by the amount, size, and distribution of the PFA added to the green tape as well as adjustments made to the tape formulation. A conceptual model of the green tape microstructure was used to explain the influence of PFA and tape formulation on retained porosity and sintering shrinkage. The creation of a connected, open, porous network within the preform was the result of PFA particle percolation within the green body.
Natural Products Containing ‘Rare’ Organophosphorus Functional Groups (2019)

Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P–N (phosphoramidate), P–S (phosphorothioate), and P–C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P–N, P–S, and P–C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P–S) and phosphoramidate (P–N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P–N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.
A Case of a Sternal Wire Piercing a Retrosternal Pseudoaneurysm (2014)

症例は41歳，女性．2012年1月，Stanford A型急性大動脈解離を発症し，他院にて緊急上行大動脈置換術+大腿動脈－大腿動脈バイパスが施行された．同年4月のCTにて上行大動脈の人工血管中枢側吻合部の仮性動脈瘤を指摘され，当院に紹介された．仮性動脈瘤の増大および大動脈閉鎖不全の悪化にて手術目的にて入院．術中，再開胸時にワイヤーを解いたところ，ワイヤー孔から大出血をきたし，吻合部仮性瘤内に胸骨ワイヤーが埋没していたものと考えられた．その後，大腿動静脈経由にて体外循環を開始し，大動脈基部置換術+CABG×1を施行した．術後創感染にてVAC療法を要したものの第50病日に軽快退院となった．
Atoh8 acts as a regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in endochondral bones (2019)

Atonal homolog 8 (Atoh8) is a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein family, which is expressed in the cartilaginous elements of endochondral bones. To analyze its function during chondrogenesis we deleted Atoh8 in mice using a chondrocyte- (Atoh8flox/flox;Col2a1-Cre) and a germline- (Atoh8flox/flox;Prx1-Crefemale) specific Cre allele. In both strains, Atoh8 deletion leads to a reduced skeletal size of the axial and appendicular bones, but the stages of phenotypic manifestations differ. While we observed obviously shortened bones in Atoh8flox/flox;Col2a1-Cre mice only postnatally, the bones of Atoh8flox/flox;Prx1-Crefemale mice are characterized by a reduced bone length already at prenatal stages. Detailed histological and molecular investigations revealed reduced zones of proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes. In addition, Atoh8 deletion identified Atoh8 as a positive regulator of chondrocyte proliferation. As increased Atoh8 expression is found in the region of prehypertrophic chondrocytes where the expression of Ihh, a main regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, is induced, we investigated a potential interaction of Atoh8 function and Ihh signaling. By activating Ihh signaling with Purmorphamine we demonstrate that Atoh8 regulates chondrocyte proliferation in parallel or downstream of Ihh signaling while it acts on the onset of hypertrophy upstream of Ihh likely by modulating Ihh expression levels.
Recent Advances In The Study Op The Mechanism Op Fierin Polymerization (1981)

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin monomer by thrombin, which cleaves the fibrinopeptides A and E. The resulting fibrin monomers spontaneously polymerize to form a fibrin network, which is later stabilized with covalent crosslinking bonds. Although the action of thrombin and Factor XHIa have been fairly well defined, the mechanism of fibrin polymerization is not yet understood. Electron microscopy and light scattering studies have provided information on the arrangement of molecules within the fiber. Monomers appear to align with a half-staggered overlap, resulting in a fiber with a width equal to twice that of fibrinogen. Detailed studies on the location and interaction of polymerization sites have been done primarily by using fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products. The studies indicate that polymerization is due to the interaction of complementary binding sites which are located on the Fragment D and the NH2- terminal domains in the fibrinogen molecule. One of these sites, located in the sequence 373410 of the gamma chain, is available on fibrinogen in the Fragment D domain. This site is complementary to the site revealed by the loss of fibrinopeptide A, which is probably located in the sequence contiguous to PPA. A second polymerization site in the NH2- terminal domain of fibrin may be located in the sequence following fibrinopeptide B. The recriprocal site may also be located on the Fragment D region. The polymerization of fibrin appears to be due to a complex interaction between molecules with both the primary sequence and the three-dimensional conformation having vital roles.
Atomic Layer-by-Layer MOCVD of Oxide Superconductors (1995)

A very smooth surface film of c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) with roughness of less than monomolecular layer over 10µmx10µm, free of precipitates, has benne obtained by atomic layer-by-layer metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a SrTiO3 substrate at 650°C. A very large terrace length of 0.3-0.5µm may be due to the enhanced migration of growing species on the surface. The result of an attempt to prepare YBCO films with a larger terrace width surface using NdGaO3 substrates is discussed. The correlation between boulder formation and dislocations in the substrate is clarified and methods for eliminating boulders are proposed. Very high superconductivity critical current densities of 3x107A/cm2 at 4.2K and 3x106A/cm2 at 77K have been obtained.
A routing scheme for content-based networking (2005)

This work proposes a routing scheme for content-based networking. A content-based network is a communication network that features a new advanced communication model where messages are not given explicit destination addresses, and where the destinations of a message are determined by matching the content of the message against selection predicates declared by nodes. Routing in a content-based network amounts to propagating predicates and the necessary topological information in order to maintain loop-free and possibly minimal forwarding paths for messages. The routing scheme we propose uses a combination of a traditional broadcast protocol and a content-based routing protocol. We present the combined scheme and its requirements over the broadcast protocol. We then detail the content-based routing protocol, highlighting a set of optimization heuristics. We also present the results of our evaluation, showing that this routing scheme is effective and scalable.
Activating HER2 mutations as emerging targets in multiple solid cancers (2017)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases activates signalling pathways regulating cellular proliferation and survival. HER2 is a non-ligand-binding member of this family and exerts its activity through heterodimerisation with other EGFR family members. HER2 functional activation promotes oncogenesis, leading to the investigation of HER2-directed agents in cancers with HER2 alterations. This has been best characterised in the context of HER2 gene amplification in breast and gastro-oesophageal cancers, for which HER2-directed drugs form part of standard treatment regimens. More recently, somatic HER2 gene mutations have been detected in a range of human cancer types. Preclinical data suggest that functionally activating HER2 mutations may drive and maintain cancers in a manner analogous to HER2 gene amplification and that HER2 mutations may similarly confer sensitivity to HER2-directed drugs. Here, we critically review the emerging roles for HER2-directed drugs in HER2 mutant cancers. We review data from experimental models, where our knowledge of the underlying biology of HER2 mutational activation remains incomplete. We discuss clinical data from Phase I and II clinical trials which evaluate HER2-directed agents (tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-based drugs) in several cancer types. We highlight the heterogeneity of HER2 mutations in human cancers, differences in the clinical efficacy of HER2-directed drugs between cancer types and possible mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance, in order to guide clinical practice and future drug development.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Direct Stereo‐ and Regioselective Formation of β‐Hydroxy Nitriles by Reaction of 1,2‐Epoxies with Potassium Cyanide in the Presence of Metal Salts. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microfluidics of Temperature-Responsive Partially Miscible Binary Liquid Mixtures (2018)

Two-phase liquid-liquid microfluidics relies on the intricate control over the fluid properties of liquid mixtures. Herein, we report on the use of partially miscible binary liquid mixtures that lend their microfluidic properties from a highly temperature-sensitive mixing and phase separation behaviour. For a blend composed of the thermotropic liquid crystal 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) and methanol, mixing at temperatures above the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) leads to a uniform single phase while partial mixing can be achieved at temperatures below the UCST. Thermally-driven phase separation inside the microfluidic channels results in the formation of very regular phase arrangements, namely in droplets, plug, slug and annular flow. We map different flow regimes and relate findings to the role of viscous, interfacial and inertial forces. As the interfacial tension of the mixture and the dynamic viscosity of the separated phases are inversely proportional to temperature, different flow regimes can be achieved at constant channel architecture and flow rate. A consistent behaviour is observed for a binary liquid mixture with lower critical solution temperature, namely 2,6-lutidine and water. This temperature-responsive approach to microfluidics is an interesting candidate for multi-stage processes, selective extraction and sensing applications.
The effect of REM sleep deprivation on somatostatin and growth hormone‐releasing hormone gene expression in the rat hypothalamus (1996)

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) have been implicated as sleep factors. We studied how the hypothalamic SRIF/GHRH system is affected by possible feedback regulation resulting from REM sleep deprivation at the level of gene expression and how this is reflected in serum growth hormone (GH) content. Male rats were deprived of REM sleep on small platforms for 24 or 72 h, and one group was allowed a rebound sleep of 24 h after 72 h deprivation. Animals maintained on large platforms and animals taken directly from their home cages served as controls. In situ hybridization was made from 20 microm cryosections through the periventricular, paraventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei using oligonucleotide probes for GHRH and SRIF. The number of cells expressing SRIF or GHRH was counted. Serum GH was measured by means of radioimmunoassay in similarly treated rats. Fewer cells expressed GHRH in the paraventricular nucleus of animals subjected to 24 and 72 h of REM sleep deprivation than in home control animals. A similar trend was observed in the arcuate nucleus. The number of cells expressing SRIF was elevated in the arcuate nucleus after 24 h of REM sleep deprivation but not after 72 h. In the periventricular nucleus the number of cells expressing SRIF was higher after 72 h of deprivation when compared to expression in animals maintained on large platforms. Serum GH levels were decreased in animals maintained on either small or large platforms. It is concluded that the expression of the SRIF and GHRH genes is modulated by REM sleep deprivation.
Development and evaluation of a PCR-based assay kit for authentication of Zaocys dhumnades in traditional Chinese medicine (2016)

We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and it's indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). The bioinformatics technology was used to design primers, sequencing and blast, in conjunction with PCR technology based on the characteristics of Z. dhumnades cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. The efficiency of nucleic acid extraction by the kit was done in accordance with Pharmacopoeia method. The kit stability results proved effective after repeated freezing and thawing 20 times. The sensitivity results indicated that the lowest amount detected by the kit was 0. 025 g of each specimen. The specificity test of the kit was 100% specific. All repeatability tests indicated the same results when conducted three times. Compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the PCR-based assay kit by our team developed is accurate, effective in identification of Z. dhumnades, it is simple and fast, demonstrating a broad prospect in quality inspection of Z. dhumnades in the future.
1164-P: A Zebrafish Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model Links Liver Inflammation with Pancreatic Inflammation and Hyperglycemia (2021)

The spectrum of nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with the latter having the potential to irreversibly progress to cirrhosis. Compared with the general population, NAFLD is more frequently seen in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and conversely, NAFLD is associated with increased incidence of T2D. Existing rodent models of NAFLD focus narrowly on certain stages of liver damage and insufficiently encompass all metabolic changes, limiting their utility. The aims of this study were to develop a new model of NAFLD in young zebrafish and use it to probe the associations between liver inflammation and pancreatic islet function. We examined hepatopancreatic inflammation under three conditions: (1) in a zebrafish line (fabp10-CETI-PIC3) in which liver-specific expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and IFN-γ was induced by doxycycline treatment (M1); (2) in wild-type zebrafish fed a high-fat diet (M2); and (3) in a combination of these models (M3). All three conditions showed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines compared to Tg(fabp10:cre) control larvae, and when compared to controls, all three showed increased macrophage infiltration in the liver. Strikingly, staining with CellRox Deep Red to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress in the liver revealed a 2-fold increase in the M3 combination model, but not in either M1 or M2. Further, although all models showed hyperglycemia, decreased insulin transcription without β cell death, and ROS accumulation in the pancreas, only the M3 condition demonstrated a significant increase in macrophage infiltration of the pancreatic islets as compared to controls. In sum, our novel zebrafish model of liver steatosis and steatohepatitis is a promising model in which to study the intricate associations between NAFLD and T2D, and may serve as an amenable platform for screening novel pharmaceutical interventions. Disclosure S. Ibrahim: None. I. Haider: None. A. Kulkarni: None. I. Doycheva: None. R. G. Mirmira: Advisory Panel; Self; Hibercell Inc., Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc., Veralox Therapeutics, Employee; Spouse/Partner; Beta Bionics, Inc. E. K. Sims: None. R. Anderson: None.
2-μm Active DBR Laser for Wide-Tuning-Range CO<inf>2</inf> Gas Sensing (2018)

We developed a 2-μm active DBR laser for CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas sensing employing gain SQWs in the tuning sections. It exhibited a double-wide tunability of our conventional laser with <;3-dB power penalty. We individually detected three CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> absorption lines in a 7-nm range using the laser.
All-optical implementation of a self-organizing map: Learning and taxonomy capability assessment (1995)

We present some experimental results obtained with an all-optical implementation of a self-organizing map. The system is based on two ferroelectric liquid-crystal, bistable optically addressed spatial light modulators (BOASLM's) used as parallel read/write optical memories and as thresholding devices. Modifications made to adapt the basic algorithm to the BOASLM's are studied in computer simulations that predict training-class loss due to the simplified decision stage as the principal drawback. Experimental results show good system behavior in recognition mode, demonstrating generalization properties and confirming the choice of a BOASLM memory. All-optical learning is shown in simple cases, and the elementary BOASLM decision function is confirmed as the major limiting factor. The ultimate possible system performance is discussed, and ways of overcoming present limits are suggested.
The Isolation of Basic Proteins by Solid‐Phase Extraction with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been employed for the first time as sorbents for the isolation of basic proteins from other protein species in biological sample matrices by solid-phase extraction (SPE). A microcolumn packed with MWCNTs was incorporated after appropriate pretreatment into a sequential injection system, which facilitates online selective sorption of basic protein species (hemoglobin and cytochrome c in this particular case). The retained protein species were afterwards separated from each other by sequential elution from the microcolumn through the employment of appropriate eluents. A 0.025 mol L(-1) phosphate buffer solution of pH 8.0 facilitated the efficient collection of hemoglobin, while a 0.5 mol L(-1) NaCl solution ensured the quantitative recovery of the retained cytochrome c. With a sample loading volume of 2.0 mL, enrichment factors of 11 and 15 were derived for hemoglobin and cytochrome c, along with retention efficiencies of 100% for both species and recovery rates of 98 and 90%, respectively. A sampling frequency of 8 h(-1) was achieved, and the precisions were 3.0% and 0.8% (RSD) for hemoglobin and cytochrome c at a concentration of 5.0 microg mL(-1). The practical applicability of this system was demonstrated by processing of human whole blood for isolation of hemoglobin, and satisfactory results were obtained by assay with SDS-PAGE.
Clinical and Histologic Features of Lichenoid Mucocutaneous Eruptions Due to Anti–Programmed Cell Death 1 and Anti–Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Immunotherapy (2016)

Papular and nodular eruptions with scale, as well as mucosal erosions, with lichenoid features on histologic analysis were a distinct finding seen with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and were generally manageable with topical steroids. Concurrent medications may play a role in the development of this cutaneous adverse effect.
DNA Translocation in Nanometer Thick Silicon Nanopores (2015)

Solid-state nanopores are single-molecule sensors that detect changes in ionic conductance (ΔG) when individual molecules pass through them. Producing high signal-to-noise ratio for the measurement of molecular structure in applications such as DNA sequencing requires low noise and large ΔG. The latter is achieved by reducing the nanopore diameter and membrane thickness. While the minimum diameter is limited by the molecule size, the membrane thickness is constrained by material properties. We use molecular dynamics simulations to determine the theoretical thickness limit of amorphous Si membranes to be ∼1 nm, and we designed an electron-irradiation-based thinning method to reach that limit and drill nanopores in the thinned regions. Double-stranded DNA translocations through these nanopores (down to 1.4 nm in thickness and 2.5 nm in diameter) provide the intrinsic ionic conductance detection limit in Si-based nanopores. In this regime, where the access resistance is comparable to the nanopore resistance, we observe the appearance of two conductance levels during molecule translocation. Considering the overall performance of Si-based nanopores, our work highlights their potential as a leading material for sequencing applications.
A Novel Marker for the Species-Specific Detection and Quantitation of Vibrio cholerae by Targeting an Outer Membrane Lipoprotein lolB Gene (2013)

Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 are the major serotypes associated with illness, and some V. cholera non-O1 and non-O139 isolates produce cholera toxin. The present study describes a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the species-specific detection and quantitation of V. cholera using a primer pair based on an outer membrane lipoprotein lolB gene for the amplification of a 195 bp DNA fragment. The qPCR primer set for the accurate diagnosis of V. cholera was developed from publically available genome sequences. This quantitative PCR-based method will potentially simplify and facilitate the diagnosis of this pathogen and guide disease management.
Der Stellenwert von Anamnese und klin. Befund versus Hüftsonographie bei der Diagnostik von Säuglingshüften – eine retrospektive Studie (2003)

Fragestellung: Welche Bedeutung hat die anamnestische Erhebung oder der klin. Befund in der Erstbeurteilung einer Säuglingshüfte und besteht eine Korrelation derer zur Säuglingssonographie?