gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Astrocytes, Not Neurons, Produce Docosahexaenoic Acid (22:6ω‐3) and Arachidonic Acid (20:4ω‐6) (1991)

Elongated, highly polyunsaturated derivatives of linoleic acid (18:2 omega-6) and linolenic acid (18:3 omega-3) accumulate in brain, but their sites of synthesis are not fully characterized. To investigate whether neurons themselves are capable of essential fatty acid elongation and desaturation or are dependent upon the support of other brain cells, primary cultures of rat neurons and astrocytes were incubated with [1-14C] 18:2 omega-6, [1-14C]20:4 omega-6, [1-14C]18:3 omega-3, or [1-14C]20:5 omega-3 and their elongation/desaturation products determined. Neuronal cultures were routinely incapable of producing significant amounts of delta 4-desaturase products. They desaturated fatty acids very poorly at every step of the pathway, producing primarily elongation products of the 18- and 20-carbon precursors. In contrast, astrocytes actively elongated and desaturated the 18- and 20-carbon precursors. The major metabolite of 18:2 omega-6 was 20:4 omega-6, whereas the primary products from 18:3 omega-3 were 20:5 omega-3, 22:5 omega-3, and 22:6 omega-3. The majority of the long-chain fatty acids formed by astrocyte cultures, particularly 20:4 omega-6 and 22:6 omega-3, was released into the extracellular fluid. Although incapable of producing 20:4 omega-6 and 22:6 omega-3 from precursor fatty acids, neuronal cultures readily took up these fatty acids from the medium. These findings suggest that astrocytes play an important supportive role in the brain by elongating and desaturating omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acid precursors to 20:4 omega-6 and 22:6 omega-3, then releasing the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for uptake by neurons.
Absorptive-Dispersive Bistability In Double-Ring Cavities (1987)

The behaviour of a double-ring optical bistable configuration in the mixed absorptive-dispersive case is presented. The exact parametric steady-state equation which expresses the output of the system in terms of the input amplitude is determined. New possibilities for hysteresis cycle control are described.
Indium induced band gap tailoring in AgGa1−xInxS2 chalcopyrite structure for visible light photocatalysis (2008)

Indium was substituted at gallium site in chalcopyrite AgGaS(2) structure by using a simple solid solution method. The spectroscopic analysis using extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the indium substitution in AgGaS(2) lattice. The band gap energy of AgGa(1-x)In(x)S(2) (x=0-1) estimated from the onset of absorption edge was found to be reduced from 2.67 eV (x=0) to 1.9 eV (x=1) by indium substitution. The theoretical and experimental studies showed that the indium s orbitals in AgGa(1-x)In(x)S(2) tailored the band gap energy, thereby modified the photocatalytic activity of the AgGa(1-x)In(x)S(2).
Unconventional Molecular Design Approach of High-Efficiency Deep Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters Using Indolocarbazole as an Acceptor (2017)

Unconventional blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters having electron-donating type indolocarbazole as an acceptor were developed by attaching carbazolylcarbazole or acridine donors to the indolocarbazole acceptor. Three compounds were derived from the indolocarbazole acceptor. The indolocarbazole-acridine combined products showed efficient delayed fluorescent behavior and a high quantum efficiency of 19.5% with a color coordinate of (0.15, 0.16) when they were evaluated as thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters in deep blue fluorescent devices. This is the first demonstration of the use of electron-donating carbazole-derived moieties as efficient acceptor units of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters.
Risk factors for vascular disease and arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. (1996)

Vascular access dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity for dialysis patients and a major contributor to hemodialysis cost. Thrombosis is a leading cause of vascular access failure, and usually results from stenotic lesions in the venous outflow system. This study was designed to explore the impact of serum levels of various risk factors for thrombosis and accelerated fibrointimal hyperplasia on progressive stenosis, and the subsequent thrombosis of hemodialysis fistula. A cross-sectional and 2-yr prospective pilot study was performed in 30 nondiabetic hemodialysis patients with primary arteriovenous fistula. Venous dialysis pressure, urea recirculation, color Doppler sonography, and angiography were used to monitor vascular access patency. Eleven patients (37%) developed a progressive stenosis in the venous circuit, which was complicated by thrombosis in three patients. Compared with the patients without fistula dysfunction, these patients had higher serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6, two cytokines that regulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is the key mechanism in the pathogenesis of fistula stenosis. In addition, they had hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased plasma levels of two hemostasis-derived risk factors for thrombosis: plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and factor VII. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, factor VII, triglycerides, and the ratios for cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I/ apo C-III, apo A-I/apo B, and glucose/insulin were independent predictors of fistula dysfunction. This study demonstrates the influece of cytokines, hemostasis-derived vascular risk factor, hyperinsullnemia, and abnormallties of lipids and apolipoproteins on primary fistula survival. The assessment of these factors might be useful for the identification of the patients at risk of fistula stenosis and thrombosis.
Dynamic Analysis of a 6-DOF Inverted Stewart Platform (2009)

This paper concerns the design and analysis of a 6-DOF inverted Stewart platform of an amusement park. In consideration of both the thrill-seeking and the safety of tourists, the platform must have 3 proper translational axial accelerations and 3 proper rotary angular accelerations within one motion cycle, and the impact of seismic force shall be taken into account in order to retain the adaptability to change of the system in case of emergent situations. Besides, the safety factors of various parts and components of the system shall be higher than six. In this paper, a 3D model is developed for the platform by means of Solidwork, and kinematics simulation is carried out by means of Cosmos/Motion software to generate 3D geometrical diagrams which are to be transferred into ANSYS Workbench software, and at last, the optimized design of geometry of each part/component of the system and the evaluation of overall safety of the system are conducted in Workbench software based on foresaid 3D geometrical diagrams.
Adult T-cell leukemia-like disease in monkey naturally infected with simian retrovirus related to human T-cell leukemia virus type I. (1985)

Spontaneous T-cell leukemia similar to human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) was found in an African green monkey naturally infected with simian retrovirus closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Monoclonal integration of the simian retrovirus was detected in the primary leukemic cells, suggesting an association of the retrovirus with ATL-like leukemia in the monkey.
Inhibition in Hydrocarbon and Hydrocarbon-Aqueous Media (1989)

Abstract Different proposed approaches to evaluating the mechanisms of corrosion inhibition of organic inhibitors of diphilic structure that contain both the polar and non-polar fragments are considered, special attention being paid to inhibition in media containing an aqueous electrolyte and a hydrocarbon phase. Critical analysis of the results of studies including those of the authors indicate that the broadly accepted conception of chemosorption and donor-acceptor bond on metal surfaces as the main factors responsible for the protective ability of an organic inhibitor cannot be applied to the inhibitors in these media. Comparison of the inhibition effects in a series of organic compounds with various polar and non-polar groups enables one to deduce some conclusions on the relative contributions of these groups to the protection of metals. Effects of medium pH, composition and the concentration of the hydrocarbon phase, its ability to interact with the inhibitors present, presence of aggressive ions in the electrolyte, etc. are also considered. It is emphasized that the hydrophobic interaction of the non-polar fragments of the inhibitor molecules with each other and with the components of the hydrocarbon phase is the most important factor that determines the extent of protection. Possible applications of the mechanistic concepts to the synthesis of new and effective oilsoluble and/or water dispersible inhibitors are discussed.
Optical Properties of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Created near a Diamond Surface (2010)

We study the optical properties of NV centers created near the diamond surface by nitrogen implantation and annealing and present a method to convert neutral NV centers to the desired negatively charged state.
Concept segmentation and labeling for conversational speech (2009)

Spoken Language Understanding performs automatic concept labeling and segmentation of speech utterances. For this task, many approaches have been proposed based on both generative and discriminative models. While all these methods have shown remarkable accuracy on manual transcription of spoken utterances, robustness to noisy automatic transcription is still an open issue. In this paper we study algorithms for Spoken Language Understanding combining complementary learning models: Stochastic Finite State Transducers produce a list of hypotheses, which are re-ranked using a discriminative algorithm based on kernel methods. Our experiments on two different spoken dialog corpora, MEDIA and LUNA, show that the combined generative-discriminative model reaches the state-ofthe-art such as Conditional Random Fields (CRF) on manual transcriptions, and it is robust to noisy automatic transcriptions, outperforming, in some cases, the state-of-the-art.
Contact Force and Scanning Velocity during Active Roughness Perception (2014)

Haptic perception is bidirectionally related to exploratory movements, which means that exploration influences perception, but perception also influences exploration. We can optimize or change exploratory movements according to the perception and/or the task, consciously or unconsciously. This paper presents a psychophysical experiment on active roughness perception to investigate movement changes as the haptic task changes. Exerted normal force and scanning velocity are measured in different perceptual tasks (discrimination or identification) using rough and smooth stimuli. The results show that humans use a greater variation in contact force for the smooth stimuli than for the rough stimuli. Moreover, they use higher scanning velocities and shorter break times between stimuli in the discrimination task than in the identification task. Thus, in roughness perception humans spontaneously use different strategies that seem effective for the perceptual task and the stimuli. A control task, in which the participants just explore the stimuli without any perceptual objective, shows that humans use a smaller contact force and a lower scanning velocity for the rough stimuli than for the smooth stimuli. Possibly, these strategies are related to aversiveness while exploring stimuli.
FIGURE 3 from Development of an Anti-canine PD-L1 Antibody and Caninized PD-L1 Mouse Model as Translational Research Tools for the Study of Immunotherapy in Humans (2023)

&lt;p&gt;cPD-L1 antibodies enhance antitumor immunity in the caninized PD-L1 syngeneic mouse model. &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Knock-in strategy of the caninized PD-L1 mice (c57BL/c background). &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; Validation of cPD-L1 protein expression in the MB49&lt;sup&gt;cPD-L1&lt;/sup&gt; cells. Flow cytometric analysis of membrane located mPD-L1 and cPD-L1 protein in MB49 cells expressing cPD-L1 (MB49&lt;sup&gt;cPD-L1&lt;/sup&gt;) or MB49 parental cells. &lt;b&gt;C,&lt;/b&gt; Immunofluorescence staining and protein expression pattern of mPD-L1 and cPD-L1 in MB49 or MB49&lt;sup&gt;cPD-L1&lt;/sup&gt; tumor masses from the caninized PD-L1 mice. DAPI, nuclear counterstaining. Scale bar, 100 μm. &lt;b&gt;D,&lt;/b&gt; Interaction of cPD-1 or mPD-1 protein with cPD-L1 or mPD-L1 protein with or without cPD-L1 antibody, 12C. His-tagged canine or mPD-L1 protein was immobilized on the Ni-NTA 96-well plate, and HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG Fc-specific secondary with mPD-1-hFc or cPD-1-hFc protein was added. OD&lt;sub&gt;450&lt;/sub&gt; was measured to quantify the amount of bound PD-1 protein. &lt;b&gt;E,&lt;/b&gt; Binding of cPD-L1 antibodies, 12C and 3C, with human PD-L1 (hPD-L1), mPD-L1, and cPD-L1 proteins. His-tagged human PD-L1, mPD-L1, or cPD-L1 protein was immobilized on the Ni-NTA 96-well plate, and anti-cPD-L1 antibodies, 12C or 3C, with HRP-conjugated anti-canine IgG-specific secondary was added. OD&lt;sub&gt;450&lt;/sub&gt; was measured to quantify the amount of bound PD-L1 antibodies. Ab, antibody. &lt;b&gt;F,&lt;/b&gt; Tumor growth of MB49&lt;sup&gt;cPD-L1&lt;/sup&gt; in the caninized PD-L1 mice treated with cPD-L1 antibody, 12C or 3C. The IgG isotype of 12C and 3C antibodies is mouse IgG1 which is equivalent to human IgG4. Tumors were measured at the indicated timepoints (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8 per group). At the endpoint, the tumors were dissected. &lt;b&gt;G–I,&lt;/b&gt; Immunofluorescence staining, and protein expression pattern of CD8 and granzyme B in MB49 tumor masses from IgG-, 12C-, or 3C-treated mice. DAPI, nuclear counterstaining. Scale bar, 100 μm. Representative images of immunostaining of CD8 and granzyme B in the MB49 tumor mass (G). CD8 (H) and granzyme B (I) were quantified using Gen5 software (BioTek). &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10. Treatment with the PD-L1 antibody did not affect kidney function (serum creatinine; &lt;b&gt;J&lt;/b&gt;) or liver enzyme activity (ALT; &lt;b&gt;K&lt;/b&gt;), measured in blood collected at the end of the experiment. ALT, alanine aminotransferase.&lt;/p&gt;
All there is to Know (2019)

In this article, I discuss a manuscript written by the Dutch natural philosopher and professor Petrus van Musschenbroek (1692-1761), entitled 'Advice on how the study of philosophy should be directed, read in the year 1730' ('Consilia de dirigendo Studio Philosophico. praelecta A degrees 1730'). I show how the text should be situated in the genre of rationes studii. I analyse the organisation of the manuscript, with special attention for the outline and order of the disciplines discussed by van Musschenbroek. I argue that Christian Wolff (1679-1754) is an important influence here. Next, I present van Musschenbroek's views on the propaedeutic role of the liberal arts and mathematics. Finally, I discuss van Musschenbroek's choice of authors (specifically in the sections dealing with physics) in relation to contemporary views on 'sects' in philosophy and eclecticism. This will allow me to provide a more nuanced view on van Musschenbroek's 'Newtonianism'.
Measuring linguistic complexity: The morphological tier (1998)

Abstract How to measure morphological complexity is itself an issue of some complexity. (Nichols, 1992) This article develops an information‐theoretic and functionally motivated method of measuring “linguistic complexity”; from corpora that can in theory be applied to any definable substructure. This method is further extended into a way of objectively and numerically measuring the morphological complexity of a given language sample, avoiding the typical difficulties of focusing on only a few unrepresentative types of constructions. By selectively altering the morphological information present in a sample, the complexity can be measured as the change in overall informativeness of a text. This claim has been tested in a small‐scale cross‐linguistic experiment; the results agree well with both intuitions and existing measurements.
A Common Genetic Variant in the Insulin Receptor Gene Is Associated with Eating Difficulties at 2 Years of Age in a Cohort of Preterm Infants (2015)

The INSR gene is potentially associated with eating difficulties in preterm infants.
Use of the polymerase chain reaction for screening and evaluation of recombinant baculovirus clones. (1991)

We report the application of the PCR for screening and high-resolution characterization of recombinant baculovirus clones. Starting with less than 10 nanograms of viral DNA, it is possible to 1) demonstrate that the DNA sequence to be expressed has not been deleted or rearranged during the co-transfection or homologous recombination events, 2) test for the presence of wild-type virus in the isolate and 3) generate amplified DNA that can be used for nucleotide sequence analysis or high-resolution restriction analysis. The method is based upon PCR of genomic viral DNA prepared from primary amplified stocks of extracellular virus using a small-scale procedure. The approach has special relevance for definitive characterization of recombinant virus used to express point mutant proteins and for characterization of recombinant virus generated through use of mixed oligonucleotides or random mutagenesis.
Lymphocyte Phenotyping to Distinguish Septic from Nonseptic Critical Illness (2007)

These data indicated that CD69 expression on lymphocytes may be useful in distinguishing between septic and nonseptic critical illness. Continued investigation into the expression of CD69 during sepsis is warranted.
Scoping Review of Virtual Environments for Assessing Episodic Memory (2018)

To assess cognitive deficits in everyday tasks, clinical neuropsychologists have started to move toward neuropsychological testing performed in immersive virtual environments. Ideally, this type of assessment can provide greater ecological validity along with sufficient experimental control for accurate assessment. This paper presents a scoping review of studies using virtual assessment of episodic memory, a cognitive ability with a high level of clinical utility in differentiating neurological disorders. Gaps are identified and the implications of these gaps explored, especially about environmental locations and modes of interaction. Future study is suggested as to better understand and mitigate the effects of these issues on clinical practice.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV- 6) associated post-transplant acute limbic encephalitis: A case report (2015)

HHV-6 encephalitis is a serious complication after stem cell transplantation which is sporadically caused by human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation. It causes neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment. The mortality rate remains high, even among survivors many patients are affected negatively. We report the case of a 41 years old woman who developed an acute limbic encaphalitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia. Through a literature review we discuss the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic aspects of this uncommon condition.
MnO2@Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Benzylic sp3 C−H Oxidation (2019)

Abstract Herein, we report a highly chemoselective and efficient heterogeneous MnO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 MNP catalyst for the oxidation of benzylic sp 3 C−H group of ethers using TBHP as a green oxidant to afford ester derivatives in high yield under batch/continuous flow module. This catalyst was also effective for the benzylic sp 3 C−H group of methylene derivatives to furnish the ketone in high yield which can be easily integrated into continuous flow condition for scale up. The catalyst is fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques and it was found that 0.424 % MnO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 catalyzes the reaction; the magnetic nanoparticles of this catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture. The recovered catalyst was recycled for twelve cycles without any loss of the catalytic activity. The advantages of MnO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 MNP are its catalytic activity, easy preparation, recovery, and recyclability, gram scale synthesis with a TOF of up to 14.93 h −1 and low metal leaching during the reaction.
Azo-dye photoalignment materials (2019)

The new azo-dye photoaligning films are robust and possess very good aligning properties for liquid crystal (LC) cells such as anchoring energies and voltage holding ratios as well as a high thermo and UV stability both in glass and plastic substrates with very high resolution on submicron level. The most important characteristics of azo-dye photoaligning films will be compared with those of rubbed polyimide films usually used for LC alignment. In this chapter, we will also describe the new applications of azo-dye photoalignment: (i) LC display devices, such as ferroelectric LCD for IPS, field sequential color and microdisplay applications; (ii) LC photonics devices, such as LC lenses; (iii) LC E-paper devices, such as electrically and optically rewritable LC E-paper; (iv) nanoscopic optically engineered polymeric thin film polarizers.
Atrial fibrillation detection using a smart phone (2012)

We hypothesized that an iPhone 4s can be used to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) based on its ability to record a pulsatile photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal from a fingertip using the built-in camera lens. To investigate the capability of the iPhone 4s for AF detection, 25 prospective subjects with AF pre- and post-electrical cardioversion were recruited. Using an iPhone 4s, we collected 2-minute pulsatile time series. We investigated 3 statistical methods consisting of the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), the Shannon entropy (ShE) and the Sample entropy (SampE), which have been shown to be useful tools for AF assessment. The beat-to-beat accuracy for RMSSD, ShE and SampE was found to be 0.9844, 0.8494 and 0.9552, respectively. It should be recognized that for clinical applications, the most relevant objective is to detect the presence of AF or normal sinus rhythm (NSR) in the data. Using this criterion, we achieved an accuracy of 100% for both detecting the presence of either AF or NSR.
Treatment of Primary Isolated Shoulder Sepsis in the Adult Patient (2008)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optical fiber long period gratings with thin film overlays (2003)

It has been shown that the central wavelengths of the attenuation bands seen in the transmission spectrum of a long period gratings (LPG) exhibit a dependence on both the thickness and refractive index of thin film overlay materials. The form of the wavelength shift has been discussed in qualitative terms, and is predicted by a simple model.
Measurement of the linear density dependence of thermal decay of square-wave recordings (2001)

Using a unique referencing technique, the signal decay of thin-film media is studied as a function of recorded linear density and temperature with great precision. It is found that the signal decay behavior as a function of linear density is very complex: the maximum decay does not always occur at the highest linear density as expected. Only for media with strong thermal decay is the signal decay found to increase monotonically with the recorded linear density. It is confirmed that increasing temperature generally accelerates signal decay.