gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A device structure and spatial spectrum for checker-pattern CCD color camera (1978)

In order to develop practical color cameras with useful resolution, a novel image processing and charge-coupled device (CCD) structure is proposed which results in shrinking chip size and easing photolithography. The resolution of CCD cameras is limited by the aliasing errors associated with spatially discrete sampling on a photosensing area. The photosensing array arranged in a two-dimensional face-centered rectangular lattice scheme, and the spatial offsetting technique among three CCD's avoid undesirable signal carriers accompanied by aliasing errors. A unique signal processing about vertical correlation of an image is put to use, in order to reduce spurious effects of aliasing. These image processing techniques are theoretically treated on a spectrum space. The photosensing array arranged in a face-centered rectangular lattice scheme is successfully implemented with a zigzag-transfer CCD with checker-pattern sensing sites, which relax some of the lithography requirements and improve image qualities. By means of the zigzag-transfer CCD structure and the image processing, the resolution of color camera has been expanded by a factor of 2.5, compared with that of the conventional CCD cameras employing the same number of pixels. According to the theory, the factor may be increased further up to three or four.
Design of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for cancer treatment (2018)

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers and is essential for embryonic and postnatal development. This pathway remains in the quiescent state in adult tissues but gets activated upon inflammation and injuries. Inhibition of Hh signaling pathway using natural and synthetic compounds has provided an attractive approach for treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. While the majority of Hh pathway inhibitors target the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO), some small molecules that target the signaling cascade downstream of SMO are of particular interest. Substantial efforts are being made to develop new molecules targeting various components of the Hh signaling pathway. Here, we have discussed the discovery of small molecules as Hh inhibitors from the diverse chemical background. Also, some of the recently identified natural products have been included as a separate section. Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) of each chemical class is the focus of this review. Also, clinically advanced molecules are discussed from the last 5 to 7 years. Nanomedicine-based delivery approaches for Hh pathway inhibitors are also discussed concisely.
Study on Phase Transitions of Lithium-Nickel-Manganese Oxide Li1+XNi0.5Mn1.5O4.0 (0 < x < 1) As High-Voltage and High-Capacity Cathode Materials (2016)

Rising demands for high-energy density Li-ion batteries require the development of new cathode active materials with enhanced specific capacity and energy, increased safety and reduced cost. Currently used high-cost metals, such as cobalt and nickel, need to be replaced with more abundant and less toxic elements. A Co-free cathode material with high-voltage and high-capacity has been developed in our labs. The lithium‐nickel‐manganese oxide with composition Li 1+x Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4.0 (0&lt;x&lt;0.5) was tailored with respect to morphology, particle size and shape distribution. The particles consist of densely packed nano‐sized primary crystallites and the free‐flowing powder shows a tap‐density of 2.4 g cm -3 . The cathode material shows a specific capacity of about 210 mA h g -1 in the potential window 2.4-4.9 V. The working mechanism involves two distinct voltage plateaus at 4.7 and 2.9 V vs. Li/Li + . Very good cycling stability is obtained for more than 200 cycles in half-cell. Compared to other high-capacity materials, such as lithium-manganese-rich layered oxides, their spinel integrated variants and the cation disordered materials [1-3], this material does not need an activation cycle; it shows good rate capability and low voltage hysteresis. In full-cell vs. graphite anode, a stable capacity of 160 mA h g -1 is reached. For full-cell application no electrochemical pre-treatment or structural activation has to be applied in order to achieve the full capacity; therefore, the material can be directly assembled vs. graphite anode. Cathode material features will be described, electrochemical performances in half- and full-cell will be presented and the influence of the operating voltage window will be shown. The effects of particle shape, grain architecture and structural features on the electrochemical behavior will be discussed. Phase transitions in the low-potential region have been studied by HRTEM, EELS and XRD and the involved mechanism will be discussed. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the project Li-EcoSafe (03X4636A). References [1] Thackeray, M.M.; Kang, S.-H.; Johnson, C.S.; Vaughey, J.T.; Benedek, R. and Hackney, S.A., J. Mater. Chem., 17 (2007) 3112 [2] Park, S.-H.; Kang, S.-H., Johnson, C.S., Amine, K.; Thackeray, M.M., Electrochem. Comm., 9 (2007) 262 [3] Yabuuchi, N.; Takeuchi, M.; Nakayama, M.; Shiiba, H.; Ogawa, M.; Nakayama, K.; Toshiaki Ohta, T.; Endo, D.; Ozaki, T.; Inamasu, T.; Sato, K.; Komaba, S., PNAS 12 (2015) 7650
Force Measurement by AFM Cantilever with Different Coating Layers (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
LEGISLATIVE AND TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR ADVANCED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (2002)

This paper analyzes from legislative and technical perspectives 10 different scenarios for advanced ground transportation systems using natural gas to supplement oil. It is first shown that previous legislative efforts to promote the use of alternative fuels by incentives have failed because of a lack of infrastructure to store and distribute the fuels. The paper then compares the efficiencies of various fuel-vehicle options by means of a well-to-wheel fuel cycle that starts with the well at which the feedstock is extracted from the ground and ends with the power delivered to the wheels of the vehicle. The complete cycle includes feedstock production; feedstock transportation and storage; fuel production; fuel transportation, storage, and distribution; and finally the vehicle operations. Such an all-inclusive comparison is essential in order to accurately and fairly compare the efficiency of transportation fuel options. This approach indicates that at the present time hybrid-electric vehicles, particularly those using diesel engines, can achieve the highest efficiency among available technologies. Hydrogen spark ignition, all-electric battery-powered and methanol fuel cell vehicles rank lowest in well-to-wheel efficiency because of their poor fuel production efficiencies. The study also examines various options to reduce air pollution and concludes that any significant reduction requires repairing the worst 10% of polluting vehicles or removing them from the national transportation fleet.
Impact of Activation Annealing Temperature on the Performance, Negative Bias Temperature Instability, and Time-to-Dielectric Breakdown Lifetime of High-k/Metal Gate Stack p-Type Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (2009)

We have clarified the effects of activation annealing temperature on the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime improvement of HfSiON/TiN gate stack p-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors. Higher-temperature annealing is effective for the improvement in NBTI and TDDB lifetime. This is due to the Si substrate oxidation occuring during the high-temperature annealing, resulting in interface defect state reduction. Annealing is also effective for reducing threshold voltage with consequential improvement in device performance.
Two Cheers for the Virtual Office (1998)

Technology has made it possible to redefine where work is done. The offers companies and their workers many benefits: lower real estate costs, higher productivity, and increased flexibility. At the same time, organizations forfeit the benefits of the traditional office: a shared understanding of the corporate culture; a sense of loyalty; informal communication; access to people, information, and materials; and managerial control. Drawing on the results of field research, the authors discuss how firms can maximize the benefits while minimizing the losses of these alternative work arrangements. 

The authors identify five common arrangements: telecommuting refers to situations in which workers with fixed offices occasionally work at home; hotel-based workers come into the office frequently, reserving a cubicle where they can use the telephone and link their laptop computers to the network; the tethered has some mobility but reports to the office on a regular basis; home workers work entirely from a room in their homes; and fully mobile workers are on the road or at customer sites during the workday. Companies considering adopting virtual work must be clear about the type of virtual office that best addresses their needs and its advantages and disadvantages.

If virtual work is to pay off, managers must adopt new approaches in five key areas: managing people, managing information, managing teams, managing processes, and managing facilities. Companies need to institute new information flows to replace those that are lost; educate workers on how to be more effective providers and consumers of information; provide training in virtual worker management skills and personal work strategies; and create dialogue on how to deal with changed family relationships.

Effective management of alternative work arrangements means mixing virtual and nonvirtual offices. Companies should analyze the variety of approaches possible and their particular circumstances to determine just how much virtuality is appropriate.
The interplay between neoantigens and immune cells in sarcomas treated with checkpoint inhibition (2023)

Abstract Sarcomas are comprised of diverse bone and connective tissue tumors with few effective therapeutic options for locally advanced unresectable and/or metastatic disease. Recent advances in immunotherapy, in particular immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), have shown promising outcomes in several cancer indications. Unfortunately, ICI therapy has provided only modest clinical responses and seems moderately effective in a subset of the diverse subtypes. To explore the immune parameters governing ICI therapy resistance or immune escape, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on tumors and their matched normal blood, in addition to RNA-seq from tumors of 31 sarcoma patients treated with pembrolizumab. We used advanced computational methods to investigate key immune properties, such as neoantigens and immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A multifactorial analysis suggested that expression of high quality neoantigens in the context of specific immune cells in the TME are key prognostic markers of progression-free survival (PFS). The presence of several types of immune cells, including T cells, B cells and macrophages, in the TME were associated with improved PFS. Importantly, we also found the presence of both CD8+ T cells and neoantigens together was associated with improved survival compared to the presence of CD8+ T cells or neoantigens alone. Interestingly, this trend was not identified with the combined presence of CD8+ T cells and TMB; suggesting that a combined CD8+ T cell and neoantigen effect on PFS was important. The outcome of this study may inform future trials that may lead to improved outcomes for sarcoma patients treated with ICI.
Robot learning by nonparametric regression (2002)

We present an approach to robot learning based on a nonparametric regression technique, locally weighted regression. The model of the task to be performed is represented by infinitely many local linear models, i.e., the (hyper-) tangent planes at every query point. Such a model, however, is only generated when a query performed and is not retained. The architectural parameters of our approach, such as distance metrics, are also a function of the current query point instead of being global. Statistical tests are presented for when a local model is good enough such that it can be reliably used to build a local controller. These statistical measures also direct the exploration of the robot. We explicitly deal with the case where prediction accuracy requirements exist during exploration. By gradually shifting a center of exploration and controlling the speed of the shift with local prediction accuracy, a goal-directed exploration of state space takes place along the fringes of the current data support until the task goal is achieved. We illustrate this approach by describing how it has been used to enable a robot to learn a challenging juggling task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression and role of miR-34a in bladder cancer. (2013)

To investigate the biological function of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in bladder cancer, the expression of miR-34a was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain (qRT-PCR) reaction in 42 cases of bladder cancer. The relationship between the expression of miR-34a and development of bladder cancer was also studied. The mature mimics of miR-34a were chemically synthesized and transiently transfected into human bladder cancer T24 cells. The effects of miR-34a on apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation in T24 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and MTT, respectively. The results showed that the low expression rate of miR-34a was correlated with the malignancy and tumor size of bladder cancer. The up-regulation of miR-34a in T24 cells contributed to cell growth and cell cycle arrest, but not caspase-3 pathway. These findings suggest that the relative low expression of miRNA-34a might be involved in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer.
Ag Reflectors: An Effective Approach to Improve Light Harvesting in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2023)

High-performing and commercially viable dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), operable under indirect sunlight illumination, exhibit great potential among current photovoltaic technologies, however, have smaller light absorption coefficients that hinder their usefulness. In this article, we have focussed on enhancing the light-harvesting of DSSCs by using silver nanoparticles thin films to improve the light absorption of N719 dye molecules loaded over the active layer of mesoporous TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (m-TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The Ag nanoparticles thin films acted as reflectors in the fabrication of DSSCs, which resulted in a power conversion efficiency of 6.65% compared to the 5.61% of the standard configuration cells. The effect is ascribed to the increased light absorption ability of DSSCs given the improved reflectivity of the counter electrode through Ag reflectors, resulting in the reabsorption of reflected light by the sensitized photoanodes. The results were further supported by the reduced resistances at different interfacial layers in the DSSCs, as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, thus indicating improved charge transfer kinetics. This article provides insight into the possibility of exploiting Ag nanoparticles in reflectors for improving light harvesting in the PV devices realm.
A common precursor for the three subunits of <small>L</small>-glutamate oxidase encoded by <i>gox</i> gene from <i>Streptomyces platensis</i> NTU3304 (2001)

A segment of DNA containing the L-glutamate oxidase (gox) gene from Streptomyces platensis NTU3304 was cloned. The entire nucleotide sequence of the protein-coding portion consisting of 2130 bp (710 codons, including AUG and UGA) of the cloned DNA fragment was determined. The gox gene contained only one open reading frame (ORF) which coded for a 78-kDa polypeptide, the precursor of active extracellular Gox. Mature Gox is composed of three subunits, designated as alpha, beta, and gamma, with molecular masses of 39, 19, and 16 kDa, respectively. Analyses of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the subunits revealed that the order of subunits in the precursor polypeptide encoded by the ORF, from N-terminus to C-terminus, is alpha-gamma-beta. The presence of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif place Gox as a member of the flavoenzyme family. Furthermore, a negative effect of glucose on the biosynthesis of Gox was observed when it was used as carbon source.
On Static and Dynamic Partitioning Behavior of Large-Scale P2P Networks (2008)

In this paper, we analyze the problem of network disconnection in the context of large-scale P2P networks and understand how both static and dynamic patterns of node failure affect the resilience of such graphs. We start by applying classical results from random graph theory to show that a large variety of deterministic and random P2P graphs almost surely (i.e., with probability 1- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</i> (1)) remain connected under random failure if and only if they have no isolated nodes. This simple, yet powerful, result subsequently allows us to derive in closed-form the probability that a P2P network develops isolated nodes, and therefore partitions, under both types of node failure. We finish the paper by demonstrating that our models match simulations very well and that dynamic P2P systems are extremely resilient under node churn as long as the neighbor replacement delay is much smaller than the average user lifetime.
Intrapleural chemotherapy for patients with incompletely resected malignant mesothelioma: The ucla experience (1995)

From 1986 to 1993, 15 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma were treated by pleurectomy/decortication and intrapleural cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and cytosine arabinoside (1,200 mg). All patients were without known extrathoracic disease and had a mean age of 63 +/- 7.9 years (range 51-78); 13 were male. Histologic subtype of disease were epithelial (47%), sarcomatoid (27%), and mixed-biphasic (27%). The major morbidity and mortality rates were 13% and 0%, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.5 +/- 2.1 days. Postoperatively, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were given to 46% and 73% of the patients respectively. Median survival from date of treatment was 11.5 months. Those patients with an epithelial histologic subtype experienced significantly improved survival compared to those of sarcomatoid subtype (P = 0.024). Whether adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy were given had no significant effect on survival. These data suggest that although this treatment regimen can be administered with very limited morbidity and no mortality, the role of this approach in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma appears limited and cannot currently be recommended.
Magnetic Interference in Multi-Pickup Monorail Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Systems (2007)

This paper examines magnetic interference in a selection of differently shaped ICPT pickups. Two distinct trends in the results of Finite Element Method analysis were observed as the magnetic interference had either a positive or negative effect on the total power output. The paper presents a new shape of pickup with high power output that takes advantage of the positive proximity effect. Also presented are results of the study and power to volume ratios which are one of the metrics used in the design process.
Introduction to physical acoustics (1984)

The book gives a concise account of physical acoustics – a branch of physics studying the interaction of acoustic waves with matter at the macro and microscopic levels. It starts with the basics of mechanics of continuum needed to analyse the problems of physical acoustics. This is followed by the description of linear and nonlinear problems of acoustics of gases, liquids and solids. Also considered are the problems of ‘turbulence and sound’, acoustics of magnetic media, and acoustics of crystals. Important information is provided also on acousto-electronics and acousto-optics. Some parts of the book are illustrated by description of the methodology of experiments and experimental data. The book would be of interest to undergraduate students of physical, chemical and engineering specialities, postgraduate students, researchers, lecturers, acoustic engineers, and all those engaged in fluid mechanics, elasticity, solid state physics, radio physics, signal processing, underwater acoustics and geophysics. (Abstract translated from the Russian).
Supplementary Figures S1-S17 from Inactivation of <i>Notch4</i> Attenuated Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Inactivation of Notch1 had no impact on pancreatic tumorigenesis driven by oncogenic Kras in the context of p16 inactivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. Histological analyses of the pancreatic tissues of the PKC, the N1+/- PKC, and the N1fl/flPKC mice revealed no significant differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. Representative H&amp;E from the PKC, the N1+/- PKC, and the N1fl/flPKC mice at 2 months of age (PanIN, A, C, E) and 5 months of age (PDAC, B, D, F).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. Comparative histological analyses of PanIN lesions in the PKC, the N1+/- PKC, and the N1fl/flPKC mice revealed no significant differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5. Inactivation of Notch4 reduced the formation of high-grade PanIN, although not at a statistically significant level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 6. Representative Notch4-ICD expression in the pancreases of PKC mice&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7. The expressions of Notch4 and Endomucin were both detected in the endothelial compartment by IHC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 8. Slight differential Endomucin expression was detected between the KC and the N4-/- KC mice by day 21 post the caerulein treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 9. Inactivation of Notch4 was associated with reduced but not significant Endomucin-positive angiogenesis at 2 months of age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 10. Inactivation of Notch4 was associated with significant reduction of Endomucin-positive angiogenesis at 5 months of age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 11. Inactivation of Notch4 attenuated desmoplastic reaction in the pancreases treated by Caerulein.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 12. Reduced desmoplasia was observed in N4-/- PKC mice when compared to PKC mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 13. Inactivation of Notch4 did not alter macrophage infiltration in the pancreases treated by Caerulein.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 14. Inactivation of Notch4 did not alter macrophage infiltration in the pancreatic tumors induced by oncogenic Kras.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 15. scRNA-Seq analysis revealed Notch4 expression in the endothelial and CK19+ normal and tumor cells in pancreatic tumorigenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 16. Increased expression of the NGF gene was observed with Notch4 inactivation, but not with a statistically significant association.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 17. Notch4 RNA expression level in Panc 08.13 was the highest among candidate human PDAC cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;