gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient In Utero Gene Transfer to the Mammalian Inner Ears by the Synthetic Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Anc80L65 (2020)

Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders worldwide. Recent advances in vector design have paved the way for investigations into the use of adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) for hearing disorder gene therapy. Numerous AAV serotypes have been discovered to be applicable to inner ears, constituting a key advance for gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss, where transduction efficiency of AAV in inner ear cells is critical for success. One such viral vector, AAV2/Anc80L65, has been shown to yield high expression in the inner ears of mice treated as neonates or adults. Here, to evaluate the feasibility of prenatal gene therapy for deafness, we assessed the transduction efficiency of AAV2/Anc80L65-eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) after microinjection into otocysts in utero. This embryonic delivery method achieved high transduction efficiency in both inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea. Additionally, the transduction efficiency was high in the hair cells of the vestibules and semicircular canals and in spiral ganglion neurons. Our results support the potential of Anc80L65 as a gene therapy vehicle for prenatal inner ear disorders.
Carbohydrates in Rubberwood(Hevea brasiliensisMuell.) (1989)

Il est important de correler les quantites de sucres et d'amidon dans le bois d'hevea a differents stades du stockage avec les proprietes des panneaux bois-ciment produits a cette periode particuliere. Dans ce but on etudie la composition en sucres et amidon de differents arbres a differentes positions dans le tronc et sous differentes conditions de stockage
Direct geocoding for generation of precise wide-area elevation models with ERS SAR data (1999)

ABSTRACT: An improved technique for generation of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), capable of dealing with full scene images (100x100 km) coming from an interferogram obtained with ERS satellite data is presented. Starting from an interferometric processor aimed to the geocoding of smaller areas, now we show the new improvements based on the use of a direct geocoding algorithm and Ground Control Points (GCP), in order to calibrate some imprecisions which appear in the case of very wide swaths. The direct geocoding algorithm is based on the transformation of phases directly into heights over a UTM grid, without an intermediate transformation of phases into heights in slant range. This technique provides more accurate results. A generated DEM of the test zone of Tarragona (Spain) and its error assessment are presented.
<title>Characteristics of digitized images of technical articles</title> (1992)

Document image blocks characterized using projection profiles is proposed. We have collected statistical information on scanned pages of technical articles as a by-product of digitized document analysis. Specifically, in our hierarchical block segmentation and labeling approach (syntactic), 65 training and test pages from two publications were used. Additional information on compression and profiles was also used. Pixel-level information is required as input whether the analyzing tool is an expert system or something else. The issues covered are: (1) Profile characteristics of document objects like text, line drawings, tables, and half-tones, and the variation of these profiles with block size, type size, and direction of scan. (2) Speckle noise: sizes and distribution. (3) For the hierarchical (syntactic) approach, number of tree nodes at each level along with their areas, and comparison with node areas derived from transition-cut trees. (4) CCITT-Group 4 compression statistics on document sub-blocks and whole pages. (5) Size of postscript files and postscript commands used in printing these page files. We believe that these results would allow predicting some characteristics of a printed page digitized at any specified sampling rate.
When Should One Substract Background Fluorescence in Two Color Microarrays (2005)

Two color microarrays are a powerful tool for genomic analysis, but have noise components that make inferences regarding gene expression inefficient and potentially misleading. Background fluorescence,whether attributable to non-specific binding or other sources,is an important component of noise. The decision to subtract fluorescence surrounding spots of hybridization from spot fluorescence has been controversial, with no clear criteria for determining circumstances that may favor, or disfavor, background subtraction. While it is generally accepted that subtracting background reduces bias but increases variance in the estimates of the ratios of interest, no formal analysis of the bias-variance trade off of background subtraction has been undertaken. In this paper, we use simulation to systematically examine the bias-variance trade off under a variety of possible experimental conditions. Our simulation is based on data obtained from two self versus self microarray experiments and is free of distributional assumptions. Our results identify factors that are important for determining whether to background subtract, including the correlation of foreground to background intensity ratios. Using these results we develop recommendations for diagnostic visualizations that can help decisions about background subtraction.
Multibeam photonic beamformer based on optical filters (2006)

An optical time delay line intended for optical beamforming networks with multibeam capability is proposed. The architecture is based on tunable notch filters and optical couplers to route the optical signal through different lengths of optical fibre. The architecture could be potentially integrated, reducing the cost and size of multibeam optical beamformers. Preliminary measurements to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept are provided.
Transplants and Neurotrophic Factors Prevent Atrophy of Mature CNS Neurons after Spinal Cord Injury (1998)

Axotomy of mature rubrospinal neurons leads to a substantial atrophy of these neurons within days after surgery. In addition, these neurons do not successfully regenerate following axotomy. The relationship of atrophy to regenerative failure is not clear, and the signals which regulate these events have not been identified. However, it is possible that the atrophy of these neurons plays a role in preventing regeneration. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that interventions which have been shown to promote growth of axotomized CNS neurons are also capable of reversing the axotomy-induced atrophy. To test this hypothesis, adults rats received thoracic spinal cord hemisection alone or in combination with transplants of fetal spinal cord tissue and/or neurotrophic factor support. Our data indicate that application of either transplants or neurotrophic factors partially reverse the axotomy-induced atrophy in rubrospinal neurons, but that both interventions together reverse the atrophy completely. These results suggest that the same pathways that are activated to enhance growth of rubrospinal neurons after axotomy may also be involved in the maintenance of cell morphology.
Age differences in target identification as a function of retinal location and noise level: Examination of the useful field of view. (1987)

Foveal and peripheral target detection were compared in young adults (M age = 22 years) and older adults (M age = 66 years) who were optically corrected for the viewing distance. In a two-alternative, forced-choice task, target letters were presented at 0 degree to 10.5 degrees from fixation. Targets were presented alone, flanked on each side by one noise element (i.e., nontarget letter), or embedded in a horizontal row of 19 noise elements. An Age X Noise Level X Location interaction was obtained, wherein age differences were largest for peripheral targets presented in noise. Slope analyses of latency data showed that the performance of young adults in the high-noise condition was most similar to that of older adults in the low-noise condition. At the functional level, results indicated that aging is associated with a restricted useful field of view. In addition, the data suggest that age differences in search can be described by a model in which older adults take smaller perceptual samples from the visual scene and scan these samples more slowly than do the young adults.
Biocatalytic Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Artificial Cells (2019)

Abstract Artificial cells or cell mimics have drawn significant attention in cell biology and material science in the last decade and its development will provide a powerful toolbox for studying the origin of life and pave the way for novel biomedical applications. Artificial cells and their subcompartments are typically constructed from a semipermeable membrane composed of liposomes, polymersomes, hydrogels, or simply aqueous droplets enclosing bioactive molecules to perform cellular‐mimicking activities such as compartmentalization, communication, metabolism, or reproduction. Despite the rapid progress, concerns regarding their physical stability (e.g., thermal or mechanical) and tunability in membrane permeability have significantly hindered artificial cells systems in real‐life applications. In addition, developing a facile and versatile system that can mimic multiple cellular tasks is advantageous. Here, an ultrastable, multifunctional and stimulus‐responsive artificial cell system is reported. Constructed from metal‐phenolic network membranes enclosing enzyme‐containing metal‐organic frameworks as organelles, the bionic cell system can mimic multiple cellular tasks including molecular transport regulation, cell metabolism, communication and programmed degradation, and significantly extends its stability range across various chemical and physical conditions. It is believed that the development of such responsive cell mimics will have significant potentials for studying cellular reactions and have future applications in biosensing and drug delivery.
Physiological studies of eicosapentaenoic acid production in the marine microalga Glossomastix chrysoplasta (2005)

We describe the characterization of the microalga Glossomastix chrysoplasta, an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) producer in the Pinguiophyceae class, Chromophyte division. Growth conditions were selected to optimize algal growth and EPA production. EPA represented up to 30% of the fatty acid content of Glossomastix chrysoplasta, at levels of 22 mg EPA per gram dry weight. Up to 72% of the EPA was produced as glycolipids, components of structural lipids. The optimal growth conditions in continuous culture were found to be greater than 500 micromol photons/m(2) . s light intensity, 0.33/day dilution rate, pH 7.20-7.45, and a temperature of 18-20 degrees C. Macronutrient studies indicated the limiting nutrient to be bicarbonate or dissolved carbon dioxide, and consequently decreasing pH increased EPA production.
Lithium Phenolate Complexes with a Pyridine‐Containing Polymer for Solution‐Processable Electron Injection Layers in PLEDs (2014)

A series of (vinylphenyl)pyridine‐based polymer binders, PVPh2Py, PVPh3Py, and PVPh4Py, are designed and synthesized and it is found that mixtures of Liq and the polymers exhibit superior electron injection characteristics as ultrathin (1.6 nm) electron injection layer (EIL) films. They are comparable to those of EILs composed only of Liq. The addition of the polymers does not deteriorate the performance of Liq EILs. Additionally, when the EIL thickness is increased from 1.6 nm to 16 nm, the driving voltages increase and the external quantum efficiencies decrease. The increase in the voltage and decrease in the EQE are suppressed in the device with mixed EILs compared to those observed for the device composed of 100 wt% Liq. Furthermore, the position of the nitrogen in the pyridine ring is considered to influence the electron transport properties of the EILs. The mixing PVPh4Py with Liq improves the driving voltage of the fabricated devices, even with a thick mixed EIL. This reduced dependence of the performance of EILs on their thickness will be advantageous for the coating of large areas using solution processes.
Structure–Activity Analysis of Semisynthetic Nucleosomes: Mechanistic Insights into the Stimulation of Dot1L by Ubiquitylated Histone H2B (2009)

Post-translational modification of histones plays an integral role in regulation of genomic expression through modulation of chromatin structure and function. Chemical preparations of histones bearing these modifications allows for comprehensive in vitro mechanistic investigation into their action to deconvolute observations from genome-wide studies in vivo. Previously, we reported the semisynthesis of ubiquitylated histone H2B (uH2B) using two orthogonal expressed protein ligation reactions. Semisynthetic uH2B, when incorporated into nucleosomes, directly stimulates methylation of histone H3 lysine 79 (K79) by the methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing-like (Dot1L). Although recruitment of Dot1L to the nucleosomal surface by uH2B could be excluded, comprehensive mechanistic analysis was precluded by systematic limitations in the ability to generate uH2B in large scale. Here we report a highly optimized synthesis of ubiquitylated H2B bearing a G76A point mutation u(G76A)H2B, yielding tens of milligrams of ubiquitylated protein. u(G76A)H2B is indistinguishable from the native uH2B by Dot1L, allowing for detailed studies of the resultant trans-histone crosstalk. Kinetic and structure-activity relationship analyses using u(G76A)H2B suggest a noncanonical role for ubiquitin in the enhancement of the chemical step of H3K79 methylation. Furthermore, titration of the level of uH2B within the nucleosome revealed a 1:1 stoichiometry of Dot1L activation.
Proof-tree transformation theorems and their applications (1989)

For certain sets of logical rules, one can demonstrate that for every proof tree there is another tree proving the same fact and having a special form. One technique for detecting such opportunities is to reduce the question to one of conjunctive-query containment. A more powerful technique is to test whether one conjunctive query is contained in the infinite union of conjunctive queries formed by expanding a set of recursive rules. We discuss two applications of these techniques. First, we give tests for commutativity of linear rules. When linear rules commute, we can reduce the complexity of “counting” methods for query evaluation from exponential to polynomial; commutativity also implies separability in the sense of Naughton. A second application is the discovery of linear rules that are equivalent to given nonlinear rules.
Arylsulfatase A, a genetic modifier of Parkinson’s disease, is an α-synuclein chaperone (2019)

Mutations in lysosomal genes increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, as is the case for Parkinson's disease. Here, we found that pathogenic and protective mutations in arylsulfatase A (ARSA), a gene responsible for metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disorder, are linked to Parkinson's disease. Plasma ARSA protein levels were changed in Parkinson's disease patients. ARSA deficiency caused increases in α-synuclein aggregation and secretion, and increases in α-synuclein propagation in cells and nematodes. Despite being a lysosomal protein, ARSA directly interacts with α-synuclein in the cytosol. The interaction was more extensive with protective ARSA variant and less with pathogenic ARSA variant than wild-type. ARSA inhibited the in vitro fibrillation of α-synuclein in a dose-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of ARSA reversed the α-synuclein phenotypes in both cell and fly models of synucleinopathy, the effects correlating with the extent of the physical interaction between these molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that ARSA is a genetic modifier of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, acting as a molecular chaperone for α-synuclein.
Additively manufactured metal energetic ligand precursors and combustion synthesis (2023)

Processes for tailoring the macroscopic shape, metallic composition, mechanical properties, and pore structure of nanoporous metal foams prepared through combustion synthesis via direct write 3D printing of metal energetic ligand precursor inks made with water and an organic thickening agent are disclosed. Such processes enable production of never before obtainable metal structures with hierarchical porosity, tailorable from the millimeter size regime to the nanometer size regime. Structures produced by these processes have numerous applications including, but not limited to, catalysts, heat exchangers, low density structural materials, biomedical implants, hydrogen storage medium, fuel cells, and batteries.
“Criminal” Profiling of the Pancreas: When Is Aggressive Therapy Indicated for a Non-aggressive Entity? (2008)

From the The Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Reprints: Diane M. Simeone, MD, Professor of Surgery and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, TC 2922 D, Box 0331, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. E-mail: [email protected].
Inside Cover: The Multicomponent Hantzsch Reaction: Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry Monitoring Using Charge‐Tagged Reagents (Chem. Eur. J. 40/2014) (2014)

Exocoetidae The zoomorphism portrays the ESI-MS(/MS) fishing of the permanently charge-tagged (CT) reagents and their subsequent intermediates and products. The use of the CT reagents allows reaction monitoring under real reaction conditions without the requirement for ESI additives or adventitious equilibria for (de)protonation or ion association and provides a powerful means for identifying intermediates, their transformations, and the delineation of reaction pathways within the multi-component Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine reaction. For more information, see the Full Paper by M. N. Eberlin, S. J. Garden et al. on page 12808 ff. Artwork by Nicolas V. Schwab, Chemistry Institute, UNICAMP, SP, Brazil.
Contractility and ischemic response of hearts from transgenic mice with altered sarcolemmal KATP channels (2002)

The functional significance of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels is controversial. In the present study, transgenic mice expressing a mutant Kir6.2, with reduced ATP sensitivity, were used to examine the role of sarcolemmal K(ATP) in normal cardiac function and after an ischemic or metabolic challenge. We found left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was 15-20% higher in hearts from transgenics in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy. beta-Adrenergic stimulation caused a positive inotropic response from nontransgenic hearts that was not observed in transgenic hearts. Decreasing extracellular Ca(2+) decreased LVDP in hearts from nontransgenics but not in those from transgenics. These data suggest an increase in intracellular [Ca(2+)] in transgenic hearts. Additional studies have demonstrated hearts from nontransgenics and transgenics have a similar postischemic LVDP. However, ischemic preconditioning does not improve postischemic recovery in transgenics. Transgenic hearts also demonstrate a poor recovery after metabolic inhibition. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels are required for development of normal myocardial function, and perturbations of K(ATP) channels lead to hearts that respond poorly to ischemic or metabolic challenges.
Rapid Hygiene Assay Sensitive to Cumulative Adenylate Homologues Exhibits Equal or Higher Frequencies of Soil Contamination Detection than Assay Limited to ATP Detection (2021)

Based upon regulatory and food industry–driven food safety standards, there is a need for rapid, accurate methods for assessing sanitary conditions. A commonly used assay is based on the assessment of the biochemical molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A more recent assay, the total adenylate homologue–based (AXP) assay, targets the cumulative presence of ATP and its dephosphorylated homologues, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate. Yet there is little information that compares the practical performance of these two assays. This work examined these two assay types with a comparative study in a grade A dairy foods processing plant and a licensed and inspected meat processing facility. A total of 1,920 concomitant analyses were conducted with main variables of assay type, processing facility type, and hygiene zone category. Statistical process control methodology was used to calculate 95% confidence control limits; data beyond those limits were considered contamination events. Results demonstrated that overall, the AXP assay detected contamination events approximately two times more often than the assay based on ATP only. This increase in the rate of contamination event detection was especially prevalent in the meat processing facility, where across all hygienic zones, there were 38 versus 85 contaminations events detected for the ATP and AXP assays, respectively. Across hygiene zones, the AXP data displayed either an equal or an increased incidence of soil detection compared with data from the ATP assay. This study provides applied evidence that assays solely dependent on ATP concentrations are less able to detect soil contaminants under conditions that favor ATP dephosphorylation reactions.HIGHLIGHTSStatistical means compare process control data from hygiene monitoring assays.Assays detecting ATP+ homologues capture deviations at a frequency of at least ATP-only assays.ATP+ homologue assay captured deviations at a greater frequency in a meat processing venue.
Kanzi's primal language: the cultural initiation of primates into language (2006)

Acknowledgements Kanzi Acquires Language in a Forest in Georgia Design Features of Language Ambiguous Human Culture What Does It Mean to Study Language? Summary: The Catalogue of Design Features Appendix 1: The Apes Appendix 2: The Keyboard Notes Bibliography Index
Diagnostic Ability of Swept-Source and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Glaucoma (2018)

Although the two OCT systems provided different thickness measurements, DRI-OCT exhibited as good, if not better, diagnostic ability for glaucoma as Cirrus HD-OCT in Korean adults.
Conversion of 2-nitrobenzonitrile into benzoic acid (1977)

2-Nitrobenzonitrile and 2-nitrobenzamide, when heated with aqueous-alcoholic sodium hydroxide, give benzoic acid; the reaction is believed to proceed via 2-nitrosobenzamide as does the von Richter reaction.
Linear models for multiframe super-resolution restoration under nonaffine registration and spatially varying PSF (2004)

Multi-frame super-resolution restoration refers to techniques for still-image and video restoration which utilize multiple observed images of an underlying scene to achieve the restoration of super-resolved imagery. An <i>observation model </i>which relates the measured data to the unknowns to be estimated is formulated to account for the registration of the multiple observations to a fixed reference frame as well as for spatial and temporal degradations resulting from characteristics of the optical system, sensor system and scene motion. Linear observation models, in which the observation process is described by a linear transformation, have been widely adopted. In this paper we consider the application of the linear observation model to multi-frame super-resolution restoration under conditions of <i>non-affine image registration </i>and <i>spatially varying PSF</i>. Reviewing earlier results, we show how these conditions relate to the technique of image warping from the computer graphics literature and how these ideas may be applied to multi-frame restoration. We illustrate the application of these methods to multi-frame super-resolution restoration using a Bayesian inference framework to solve the ill-posed restoration inverse problem.