gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomics (2013)

Abstract Neurons are at the core of information processing and storage in the central nervous system. Signaling events can occur within a synaptic compartment or involve retrograde transport to the nucleus and range in timescale from milliseconds to decades. Each neuronal subtype has a distinct set of signaling pathways, which have been investigated most extensively at electrochemical synapses and axons. Pathways within a compartment are highly interconnected, providing some degree of redundancy with respect to the endpoint of a given pathway. Thus far neuroproteomic approaches have contributed significantly to defining the compositions of protein complexes, machines, and subcellular entities and in elucidating the function of posttranslational processes. In doing so, they have revealed unanticipated levels of complexity at the protein level. The detailed molecular information being obtained continues to provide comprehensive data on the constituents of specific subcellular compartments and how they vary in response to perturbations of the system. A major challenge focuses on the identification and modulation of site-specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in the brain, with particular emphasis how these PTMs mediate processes that are unique to the nervous system. Progress in proteomic investigations has been driven by increasingly powerful instrumentation able to characterize complex biological samples with higher sensitivity and accuracy. Despite the lack of amplification technologies such as PCR for protein analyses, the development of ever more powerful instrumentation will lead to more sensitive and comprehensive analytical strategies and thus remain central to proteomic investigations. Currently proteomics is undergoing a paradigm shift from qualitative studies to quantitative measurements that will facilitate the investigation of neuronal system dynamics. The future will continue to see the development of improved sample enrichment strategies aimed at allowing pursuit of global investigations into the comparative compositions and dynamics of several posttranslational modifications per experiment simultaneously.
Localized and Propagating Spin Wave Modes Excited in Magnetic Nano-Structures by Spin-Polarized Current (2019)

This chapter aims to develop analytic theory of current-induced microwave excitations in magnetic films based on the classical quasi-Hamiltonian formalism for spin waves. It provides the approximate analytic theory developed a good foundation for the development of a practically useful engineering theory of active microwave devices based on the spin-torque effect. The chapter shows that for a certain direction of the electric current the spin-torque has a component that creates effective negative damping and, for sufficiently large current densities, can completely compensate natural positive damping and lead to the instability of spin wave modes of the layer. It demonstrates that both dissipative torque and spin-torque are non-linear, and that the competition between this nonlinear torques determines the equilibrium amplitude of the microwave oscillation excited in the magnetic layer by the spin-polarized current. It considers current-induced magnetization dynamics in a circular nano-pillar of the radius R under the action of direct bias current.
Furin Inhibition by Compounds of Copper and Zinc (2004)

Furin, a human subtilisin-related proprotein convertase (SPC), is emerging as an important pharmaceutical target because it processes vital proteins of many aggressive pathogens. Furin inhibitors reported as yet are peptide derivatives and proteins, with the exception of andrographolides, which are natural compounds. Here we report that the small and highly stable compounds M(chelate)Cl(2) (M is copper or zinc) inhibit furin and Kex2, with Cu(TTP)Cl(2) and Zn(TTP)Cl(2) as the most efficient inhibitors. (TTP is 4'-[p-tolyl]-2,2 ':6',2"-terpyridine.) Inhibition is irreversible, competitive with substrate, and affected by substituents on the chelate. The free chelates are not inhibitors. Solvated Zn(2+) is less potent than its complexes. This is true also for copper and Kex2. However, solvated Cu(2+) (k(on) of 25,000 +/- 2,500 s(-1)) is more potent than Cu(TTP)Cl(2) (k(on) = 140 +/- 13 s(-1) and allows recovery of furin activity prior to a second inhibition phase. A mechanism that involves coordination to the catalytic histidine is proposed for all inhibitors. Target specificity is indicated by the fact that these metal chelate inhibitors are much less potent toward Kex2, the yeast homologue of furin. For example, k(on) with Zn(TTP)Cl(2) is 120 +/- 20 s(-1) for furin, but only 1.2 +/- 0.1 s(-1) for Kex2.
Initial safety results from a randomized, phase II study of high-risk colorectal cancer patients (stage IIIC) treated with either regorafenib or standard of care (no treatment) after adjuvant FOLFOX. (2017)

e15152 Background: Standard adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is fluoropyrimidine or FOLFOX. The stage IIIC relapse rate is high with a median 5 year survival of only 28%. The multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib has shown significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus placebo in 3 rd -line+ metastatic CRC patients (pts) in 2 phase III trials. We explore whether adding regorafenib to standard adjuvant therapy is able to reduce the high relapse rates in stage IIIC CRC pts. Methods: This study compares efficacy and safety of adjuvant FOLFOX +/- 6 cycles of regorafenib in IIIC CRC pts. Study endpoints include: finding the starting dose of regorafenib that allows ≥75% pts to complete therapy after adjuvant FOLFOX. The first 50 pts are being randomly assigned to either 120 or 160 mg of regorafenib daily for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of rest for a total of 6 cycles. We report the initial safety results on the first 24 pts treated. 6 pts discontinued treatment; 2 received 120 mg and 4 received 160 mg Results: Of the pts completing 6 cycles of regorafenib 120 mg vs 160 mg, the most common grade 3 toxicities were hypertension (0 vs. 30%), rash (10 vs.30%), and lipase elevation (0 vs 10%). No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were observed. Conclusions: The interim analysis reveals no increased toxicities from the addition of regorafenib at either 120 mg or the approved dose (160 mg), to adjuvant FOLFOX. Toxicities observed were mostly grade 1 or 2 and medically manageable. No safety signals have been identified. This study continues to enroll pts. Clinical trial information: NCT02425683.
Dual targeting of NUAK1 and ULK1 using the multitargeted inhibitor MRT68921 exerts potent antitumor activities (2020)

Utilizing oxidative stress has recently been regarded as a potential strategy for tumor therapy. The NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (NUAK1) is a critical component of the antioxidant defense system and is necessary for the survival of tumors. Therefore, NUAK1 is considered an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. However, antioxidant therapy induced elevated ROS levels to activate the Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) pathway to promote protective autophagy and ULK1-dependent mitophagy. Thus, the combined inhibition of NUAK1 and ULK1 showed a strong synergistic effect in different tumor types. Herein, the potential antitumor activities of a dual NUAK1/ULK1 inhibitor MRT68921 were evaluated in both tumor cell lines and animal models. MRT68921 significantly kills tumor cells by breaking the balance of oxidative stress signals. These results highlight the potential of MRT68921 as an effective agent for tumor therapy.
Pharmacophore Development for Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone:  New Insights into Inhibitor Activity (1999)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is an endogenous 41-amino acid peptide involved in a wide ranging series of systems including the brain, the coordination of the body's overall response to stress, and more recently as a crucial initiator in the onset of labor, also known as the placental clock. Although more physiological data on CRH is emerging shedding more light on the processes involved and their integration, the mode of action of the hormone and the postulated binding site(s) remain unknown. Recently, a number of small-molecular-weight ligands have emerged as potent antagonists but, as therapeutics, suffer from a lack of solubility. Additionally, despite a number of exhaustively large patents, the lack of structural diversity with these antagonists has enabled little scope for comprehensive and wide ranging studies into the structure of the binding sites of this hormone. As part of a program investigating new, structurally diverse antagonists and agonists of CRH, we have developed a preliminary pharmacophore based on the known small-molecular-weight ligands as an initial step in our program. This pharmacophore was validated by comparison with some of the compounds we postulated to be active.
A thin-rod approximation for the improved modeling of bare and insulated cylindrical antennas using the FDTD method (2003)

A general and consistent integral finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) formulation on cubical grids for modeling of cylindrical antennas with or without dielectric coating is derived. No additional grid points or modifications of the integral paths are necessary. Instead, effective material properties are modified in the FDTD grid. Thus, even for insulated antennas, the simple cubical structure is maintained. Special integral factors are defined on cubical elements, which take into account the behavior of fields in all directions in the neighborhood of the antenna. Applying these factors to the gap region and along the antenna's axis allows a correct modeling of the influence of the antenna's thickness. Furthermore, integral factors derived for the antenna's ends improve the modeling of the antenna's length. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by a systematic comparison with analytical and numerical results.
Controlled Aspect Ratios of Gold Nanorods in Reduction-Limited Conditions (2011)

Aspect ratios of gold nanorods have been finely modified in reduction-limited conditions via two electrochemical ways: by changing the amount of a growth solution containing small gold clusters in the presence of already prepared gold nanorods as seeds or by changing electrolysis time in the presence or absence of a silver plate. While the atomic molar ratio of gold in the growth solution to gold in the seed solution is critical in the former method, the relative molar ratio of gold ions to silver ions in the electrolytic solution is important in the latter way for the control of the aspect ratios of gold nanorods. The aspect ratios of gold nanorods decrease with an increase of electrolysis time in the absence of a silver plate, but they increase with an increase of electrolysis time in the presence of a silver plate.
Novel frequency-domain equalization architectures for a single-carrier wireless MIMO system (2003)

We propose two novel frequency-domain equalization (FDE) architectures to combat wireless MIMO frequency selective channels. The first architecture combines the conventional FDE with time-domain decision feedback (FD-DFE), and the second architecture combines FDE with parallel interference cancellation (FDE-PIC). It is shown that both the structures significantly outperform the conventional MIMO FDE, OFDM and time-domain DFE structures, especially at a higher RMS delay spread.
Holographic Technique for Determining the Phase of Vibrating Objects (1970)

A means is demonstrated for determining the phase of vibrating objects by using either time average holography or real time holographic interferometry. The technique consists of vibrating a mirror in either the object or reference leg at the same frequency as the object and observing the effects on the fringe pattern when either the phase or amplitude of the mirror vibration is altered. Proper adjustment of these parameters places an interferometric node (fringe-contrast maximum) at any object point. The phase is then known from the phase of the vibrating mirror.
Prostaglandin E2 and other cyclic AMP elevating agents inhibit interleukin 2 gene transcription by counteracting calcineurin-dependent pathways. (1993)

We have previously shown that prostaglandin E2 and other cAMP elevating agents inhibit the nuclear transcription of the human IL-2 gene by interfering with a Ca(2+)-sensitive T cell signal transduction pathway. Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent 2B protein phosphatase, is an essential component of the T cell receptor signal transduction pathway leading to IL-2 gene expression. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that this phosphatase may be a target for the inhibitory effects of cAMP on IL-2 gene transcription. We report here that PGE2 markedly reduces the IL-2 promoter activity that is induced by a constitutively active form of calcineurin. In contrast to the complete inhibition of promoter activity produced by the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and FK-506, this partial block suggests that PGE2 modulates downstream events needed for lymphokine gene activation. Overexpression of calcineurin in Jurkat cells decreases their apparent sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of PGE2 consistent with the fact that this enzyme plays a physiological role in dephosphorylating substrates of cAMP-dependent kinases in several tissues. These results provide evidence that cAMP-dependent pathways may antagonize calcineurin-regulated cascades for T cell activation in vivo, and suggest crosstalk between the Ca2+ and the cAMP signaling pathways during T cell activation.
Activity and mRNA expression levels of selected cytochromes P450 in various sections of the human small intestine (2019)

Our study provides new and additional information on the expression and activities of selected cytochromes P450 in various sections of the human small intestine.
Reply: Adalimumab-associated pulmonary fibrosis (2007)

and subsequent fat atrophy of her face, together with marked fat hypertrophy affecting her right arm. To our knowledge this combination has not previously been described. In addition, the patient shows the interesting development of breast calcification.
Testbed development and performance improvement of heterogeneous radio networks (2012)

Within categories of the cognitive radio system used to attain efficient use of restricted radio spectrum resources, this article introduces some technical results concerning cooperative heterogeneous radio networks. We have developed a testbed to affirm the functions of a heterogeneous radio network, which has abilities to select one system from multiple communication systems and to aggregate multiple systems. First of all, we introduce the activities in the ITU-R and DYSPAN, where the cognitive radio system is under discussion, and clarify the standpoint of our research regarding the heterogeneous radio network. Subsequently, we state the function and specification of the testbed developed. Some experimental results using the testbed are introduced. The testbed is composed of three different communication systems, a controlling system for selecting or aggregating the most appropriate system for the user terminal and networks, and its measurement system. The measurement system is a kind of link simulator to confirm the performance of the controlling system. We also describe an analytical example of evaluating the performance improvement by heterogeneous network controlling. Finally, we address some essential future study issues for practical realization of the heterogeneous radio network.
Micro-electro-mechanical system-based digitally controlled optical beam profiler (2002)

An optical beam profiler is introduced that uses a two-dimensional (2-D) small-tilt micromirror device. Its key features include fast speed, digital control, low polarization sensitivity, and wavelength independence. The use of this 2-D multipixel device opens up the important possibility of realizing several beam profile measurement concepts, such as a moving knife edge, a scanning slit, a moving pinhole, a variable aperture, and a 2-D photodiode array. The experimental proof of the optical beam profiler concept using a 2-D digital micromirror device to simulate the 2-D moving knife edge indicates a small measurement error of 0.19% compared with the expected number based on a Gaussian beam-propagation analysis. Other 2-D pixel arrays such as a liquid-crystal-based 90 degrees polarization rotator sandwiched between crossed polarizers can also be exploited for the optical beam whose polarization direction is known.
Effects of sprint training on extrarenal potassium regulation with intense exercise in Type 1 diabetes (2005)

Effects of sprint training on plasma K+ concentration ([K+]) regulation during intense exercise and on muscle Na+-K+-ATPase were investigated in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) under real-life conditions and in nondiabetic subjects (CON). Eight subjects with T1D and seven CON undertook 7 wk of sprint cycling training. Before training, subjects cycled to exhaustion at 130% peak O2 uptake. After training, identical work was performed. Arterialized venous blood was drawn at rest, during exercise, and at recovery and analyzed for plasma glucose, [K+], Na+ concentration ([Na+]), catecholamines, insulin, and glucagon. A vastus lateralis biopsy was obtained before and after training and assayed for Na+-K+-ATPase content ([3H]ouabain binding). Pretraining, Na+-K+-ATPase content and the rise in plasma [K+] ([K+]) during maximal exercise were similar in T1D and CON. However, after 60 min of recovery in T1D, plasma [K+], glucose, and glucagon/insulin were higher and plasma [Na+] was lower than in CON. Training increased Na+-K+-ATPase content and reduced [K+] in both groups (P < 0.05). These variables were correlated in CON (r = -0.65, P < 0.05) but not in T1D. This study showed first that mildly hypoinsulinemic subjects with T1D can safely undertake intense exercise with respect to K+ regulation; however, elevated [K+] will ensue in recovery unless insulin is administered. Second, sprint training improved K+ regulation during intense exercise in both T1D and CON groups; however, the lack of correlation between plasma delta[K+] and Na+-K+-ATPase content in T1D may indicate different relative contributions of K+-regulatory mechanisms.
Structural and end‐group effects on bulk and surface properties of hyperbranched poly(urea urethane)s (2005)

Abstract The hydroxy end groups of aromatic and aliphatic hyperbranched poly‐(urea urethane)s prepared with an AA* + B*B 2 one‐pot method were modified with phenylisocyanate, butylisocyanate, and stearylisocyanate. The success of the modification reaction was verified with 1 H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Linear model poly‐(urea urethane)s were prepared, too, for comparison. The bulk properties of OH functionalized hyperbranched poly(urea urethane)s, compared with those of linear analogues and modified hyperbranched poly(urea urethane)s, were studied with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature‐dependent Fourier transform infrared measurements. Transparent and smooth thin films could be prepared from all polymer samples and were examined with a light microscope, a microglider, and an atomic force microscope. The properties of the polymer surface were examined by measurements of the contact angle and zeta potential. For all samples, the properties were mainly governed by the strong interactions of the urea and urethane units within the backbone, whereas the influence of the nature of the end groups and of the branched structure was reduced in comparison with other hyperbranched polymer systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3376–3393, 2005
NATIVE ENVIRONMENTS, STRUCTURES OF FLAVONOIDS, PLANT REGENERATION AND MULTIPLICATION, AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ALLIUM VICTORIALIS VAR. PLATYPHYLLUM MAKINO (2001)

ISHS II International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae NATIVE ENVIRONMENTS, STRUCTURES OF FLAVONOIDS, PLANT REGENERATION AND MULTIPLICATION, AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ALLIUM VICTORIALIS VAR. PLATYPHYLLUM MAKINO
Long-term stable 120W fiber CPA with 1.3GW peak power at 2µm (2021)

We present the first high-power coherently combined thulium-doped fiber-CPA. The laser system delivers >228 µJ pulse energy with 48 hours of operation even at an average-power >120 W. The simultaneous availability of 100 W class average power and 1 GW-class peak power in the 2 µm wavelength regime is not only unique in the world of science but also comes in a fully engineered and commercially available system design optimized for long-term operation..
Ecto-Enzyme of Granulocytes: 5′-Nucleotidase (1974)

The 5'-nucleotidase of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes is localized exclusively on the plasma membrane of intact cells. The active site of this enzyme faces the external medium, not the cytoplasm.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and Children (2019)

Piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used to treat severe hospital-acquired infections in children. We performed a single-center, pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of TZP in children ranging in age from 2 months to 6 years from various clinical subpopulations.
Introduction of Integrated Medical System is Essential in the Medical Care of the Elderly in 21 st Century-Significance of Kampo Medicine- (2007)

1) 高齢者の定義の見直しについて東京都老人医療センター及び老人総合研究所において長年蓄積されてきた医学的, 社会学的データを解析した結果, 65歳以上を高齢者とする現行の定義を変え, 75歳以上を高齢者と定義することを提案する。2) 高齢者医療の理念と戦略3) 統合医療の概念4) 高齢者医療の質を高めるためには, 医療従事者が統合医療の概念についての理解を深めて, 漢方医学が西洋医療の主要なパートナーであるとの認識の下に, 患者さんのための統合医療を行なう体制を確立することが必須である。
Atmospheric compensation with a speckle beacon in strong scintillation conditions: directed energy and laser communication applications (2005)

Wavefront control experiments in strong scintillation conditions (scintillation index, approximately equal to 1) over a 2.33 km, near-horizontal, atmospheric propagation path are presented. The adaptive-optics system used comprises a tracking and a fast-beam-steering mirror as well as a 132-actuator, microelectromechanical-system, piston-type deformable mirror with a VLSI controller that implements stochastic parallel gradient descent control optimization of a system performance metric. The experiments demonstrate mitigation of atmospheric distortions with a speckle beacon typical for directed energy and free-space laser communication applications.
Polypharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of β-Caryophyllene: A Dietary Phytocannabinoid of Pharmaceutical Promise (2016)

The present review provides a comprehensive insight of pharmacological and therapeutic potential of BCP, its molecular mechanism and signaling pathways in different pathological conditions. The review also examines the possibility of its further development as a novel candidate for various pathologies considering the polypharmacological and multifaceted therapeutic properties potential along with favorable oral bioavailability, lipophilicity and physicochemical properties.
Long Time Phosphorescence of Organic Crystals (1955)

Long time phosphorescence (of the order of minutes) of anthracene, stilbene, durene, and naphthalene crystals at room temperature is reported. The decays are approximately hyperbolic and the observed phosphorescence is shifted to longer wavelengths than the usual fluorescent emission. This phosphorescence is not induced by the light strongly absorbed in the substance but mainly by the weak absorption of light of wavelengths corresponding to their own fluorescent light. There are indications that this phosphorescence stems from an approximately uniform, continuous trap distribution and that such a mechanism permits a description of some of the observed behavior. Wavelength measurements seem to indicate that this phosphorescent light emission does not originate from triplet to ground transitions.