gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cortical correspondence via sulcal curve-constrained spherical registration with application to Macaque studies (2013)

In this work, we present a novel cortical correspondence method with application to the macaque brain. The correspondence method is based on sulcal curve constraints on a spherical deformable registration using spherical harmonics to parameterize the spherical deformation. Starting from structural MR images, we first apply existing preprocessing steps: brain tissue segmentation using the Automatic Brain Classification tool (ABC), as well as cortical surface reconstruction and spherical parametrization of the cortical surface via Constrained Laplacian-based Automated Segmentation with Proximities (CLASP). Then, initial correspondence between two cortical surfaces is automatically determined by a curve labeling method using sulcal landmarks extracted along sulcal fundic regions. Since the initial correspondence is limited to sulcal regions, we use spherical harmonics to extrapolate and regularize this correspondence to the entire cortical surface. To further improve the correspondence, we compute a spherical registration that optimizes the spherical harmonic parameterized deformation using a metric that incorporates the error over the sulcal landmarks as well as the normalized cross correlation of sulcal depth maps over the whole cortical surface. For evaluation, a normal 18-months-old macaque brain (for both left and right hemispheres) was matched to a prior macaque brain template with 9 manually labeled, major sulcal curves. The results show successful registration using the proposed registration approach. Evaluation results for optimal parameter settings are presented as well.
Electroconvulsive stimulation attenuates chronic neuroinflammation (2020)

Electroconvulsive therapy is highly effective in resistant depression by unknown mechanisms. Microglial toxicity was suggested to mediate depression and plays key roles in neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases, where there is critical shortage in therapies. We examined the effects of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) on chronic neuroinflammation and microglial neurotoxicity. Electric brain stimulation inducing full tonic-clonic seizures during chronic relapsing-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) reduced spinal immune cell infiltration, reduced myelin and axonal loss, and prevented clinical deterioration. Using the transfer EAE model, we examined the effect of ECS on systemic immune response in donor mice versus ECS effect on CNS innate immune activity in recipient mice. ECS did not affect encephalitogenicity of systemic T cells, but it targeted the CNS directly to inhibit T cell-induced neuroinflammation. In vivo and ex vivo assays indicated that ECS suppressed microglial neurotoxicity by reducing inducible NOS expression, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and by reducing CNS oxidative stress. Microglia from ECS-treated EAE mice expressed less T cell stimulatory and chemoattractant factors. Our findings indicate that electroconvulsive therapy targets the CNS innate immune system to reduce neuroinflammation by attenuating microglial neurotoxicity. These findings signify a potentially novel therapeutic approach for chronic neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Cascade analysis of power distribution in a multilayered dielectric/frequency selective surface system (2003)

The scattering matrix approach is used to treat the problem of an FSS (frequency selective surface) in a multilayered dielectric environment. The i/sup th/ layer is an infinite FSS, whereas the others are dielectric slabs (possibly lossy). The problem is to determine the amount of power reflected from, transmitted through, and deposited in this layered system. The calculation procedure is described in detail. It is shown that in many cases it is possible to gain great savings in matrix size if the cross-pole scattering parameters are negligible. This has been found to be the case for many FSS elements (square patches, cross dipoles, monopoles, and square loop) when the angle of incidence is small (less than 10 degrees ).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
P2Y2receptor activation decreases blood pressure and increases renal Na+excretion (2011)

ATP and UTP are endogenous agonists of P2Y(2/4) receptors. To define the in vivo effects of P2Y(2) receptor activation on blood pressure and urinary excretion, we compared the response to INS45973, a P2Y(2/4) receptor agonist and UTP analog, in wild-type (WT) and P2Y(2) receptor knockout (P2Y(2)-/-) mice. INS45973 was administered intravenously as a bolus injection or continuous infusion to determine effects on blood pressure and renal function, respectively. Within seconds, bolus application of INS45973 (0.1 to 3 mg/kg body wt) dose-dependently decreased blood pressure in WT (maximum response -35 ± 2 mmHg) and to a similar extent in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. By contrast, blood pressure increased in P2Y(2)-/- (maximum response +18 ± 1 mmHg) but returned to basal levels within 60 s. Continuous infusion of INS45973 (25 to 750 μg·min(-1)·kg(-1) body wt) dose-dependently increased urinary excretion of Na(+) in WT (maximum response +46 ± 15%) but reduced Na(+) excretion in P2Y(2)-/- (maximum responses of -45 ± 15%) mice. In renal clearance experiments, INS45973 did not affect glomerular filtration rate but lowered blood pressure and increased fractional excretion of fluid, Na(+), and K(+) in WT relative to P2Y(2)-/- mice. The blood pressure responses to INS45973 are consistent with P2Y(2) receptor-mediated NO-independent vasodilation and implicate responses to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and P2Y(2) receptor-independent vasoconstriction, probably via activation of P2Y(4) receptors on smooth muscle. Systemic activation of P2Y(2) receptors thus lowers blood pressure and inhibits renal Na(+) reabsorption, effects suggesting the potential utility of P2Y(2) agonism in the treatment of hypertension.
Dermatological and Other Health Problems Attributed by Consumers to Contact With Laundry Products (1992)

As part of an Agricultural Experiment Station U.S. Western regional project, this article reports consumer perceptions of dermatological and other health problems resulting from contact with laundry products or laundered textiles. The objectives are to (a) assess the percentage of the population who perceive these health problems and analyze the relationship between these problems and the respondents' demographics, (b) identify laundry products implicated by afflicted individuals, and (c) assess the specific health problems and how consumers seek relief from these problems. Information from a self‐administered questionnaire mailed to a disproportionate stratified random sample of households in five Western U.S. states provided baseline data on the existence of dermatological and other health problems perceived to be attributed to laundry product use. Skin irritation perceived to be caused by laundry products was reported by 26% of 3,841 respondents, and perceptions of allergies to laundry products were reported by 21% of the respondents. These problems were experienced more often by females than males and more often by children, age 1 through 20, than other age groups. In follow‐up telephone interviews with afflicted consumers, detergents caused the most health problems. Skin irritation, especially on the arms, was the most common health problem. Individuals typically discontinued use of laundry products that they suspected caused their problems.
High-order Harmonic Generation in a Femtosecond-laser-micromachined Chip (2018)

We demonstrate the generation of high-order harmonics in a fused-silica chip produced by femtosecond laser micromachining. This achievement paves the way to the miniaturization of HHG applications from large-scale laboratories to microdevices.
Arylacetamide-Derived Fluorescent Probes:  Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Direct Fluorescent Labeling of κ Opioid Receptors in Mouse Microglial Cells (1996)

Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC-I) conjugates of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[1-(3- or 4-aminophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamide (10 and 14) were prepared either without or with an intervening mono-, di-, or tetraglycyl linker. The 3-substituted fluorescent probes (2-5) were found to retain potent agonist activity in smooth muscle preparations as well as high kappa receptor affinity and selectivity in receptor binding assays. The 4-substituted series (6-9) were substantially less potent than the corresponding 3-substituted compounds. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated high levels of direct kappa-specific staining of mouse microglial cells by the fluorescent probe 5 containing a tetraglycyl linker, as indicated by a 41% decrease in percent cells positively labeled and a 61% decrease in mean fluorescence intensity in the presence of the kappa-selective antagonist, norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). In similar studies, the probe 2 without a linker exhibited only nonspecific binding. This is the first report of direct, selective staining of kappa opioid receptors by a fluorescent nonpeptide opioid ligand. The results of the present study illustrate the importance of introducing hydrophilic linkers to reduce nonspecific binding of fluorescent probes for opioid receptors.
Low Dose Vaccination with Attenuated Francisella tularensis Strain SchuS4 Mutants Protects against Tularemia Independent of the Route of Vaccination (2012)

Tularemia, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, is a severe, sometimes fatal disease. Interest in tularemia has increased over the last decade due to its history as a biological weapon. In particular, development of novel vaccines directed at protecting against pneumonic tularemia has been an important goal. Previous work has demonstrated that, when delivered at very high inoculums, administration of live, highly attenuated strains of virulent F. tularensis can protect against tularemia. However, lower vaccinating inoculums did not offer similar immunity. One concern of using live vaccines is that the host may develop mild tularemia in response to infection and use of high inoculums may contribute to this issue. Thus, generation of a live vaccine that can efficiently protect against tularemia when delivered in low numbers, e.g. <100 organisms, may address this concern. Herein we describe the ability of three defined, attenuated mutants of F. tularensis SchuS4, deleted for FTT0369c, FTT1676, or FTT0369c and FTT1676, respectively, to engender protective immunity against tularemia when delivered at concentrations of approximately 50 or fewer bacteria. Attenuated strains for use as vaccines were selected by their inability to efficiently replicate in macrophages in vitro and impaired replication and dissemination in vivo. Although all strains were defective for replication in vitro within macrophages, protective efficacy of each attenuated mutant was correlated with their ability to modestly replicate and disseminate in the host. Finally, we demonstrate the parenteral vaccination with these strains offered superior protection against pneumonic tularemia than intranasal vaccination. Together our data provides proof of principle that low dose attenuated vaccines may be a viable goal in development of novel vaccines directed against tularemia.
A new synthesis of benzothiopyrano[4,3,2‐de]quinazolines (1979)

Abstract The synthesis of benzothiopyrano[4,3,2‐ de ]quinazolines ( 1a‐c ) from 1‐chloro‐4‐methylthioxanthone is described.
Engineered approaches for in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvent contamination (1999)

Throughout the world there are sites contaminated with chlorinated compounds such as perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloromethene, carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol, chlorinated benzenes, and various pesticide/herbicide compounds. Not only do these compounds carry health risks, but they also are challenging and often expensive to treat in the field. However, progress is being made, and this volume brings together the most up-to-date laboratory findings and the latest full-scale results from bioremediation efforts at actual field sites. Engineering approaches discussed include biobarriers, cometabolism, bioaugmentation, in situ oxidation, Genton`s Reagent, in situ bioremediation, and more.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate effect on endothelial cell PAF synthesis: Role in cellular migration (2003)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are two inflammatory mediators capable of promoting endothelial cell (EC) migration and angiogenesis. As VEGF inflammatory effect is mediated by the synthesis of endothelial platelet-activating factor (PAF) which is also contributing to VEGF chemotactic activity, we wanted to assess if S1P can trigger PAF synthesis in EC and if S1P-induced migration is PAF-dependent. Treatment of bovine aortic EC (BAEC) with S1P (10(-10)-10(-6) M) increased dose- and time-dependently the synthesis of PAF by up to 3.3-fold above the basal level, with a maximal amount of PAF detected at 20 min post-stimulation. This biological response was attenuated by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cytosolic or secreted phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2), sPLA(2)) activity, suggesting that p38 MAPK activation by S1P promotes the conversion of membrane phospholipids into PAF through the combined activation of cPLA(2) and sPLA(2). Interestingly, pretreatment of BAEC with extracellular PAF receptor antagonists (BN52021, 10(-5) M and CV3988, 10(-6) M) reduced by up to 42% the cellular migration induced by S1P (10(-6) M). These data demonstrate the capacity of S1P to induce PAF synthesis, which contributes in part to S1P chemotactic activity.
AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR DETERMINING ENERGY HARVESTING CAPABILITIES OF MULTIPLE ANTENNAS IN THE SAME SPACE (2007)

Passive energy harvesting is important for many applications, one of which is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). For RFID applications the size of the tag is important, and as the chips performing the logic are small, the size of the tag is determined by the antenna. This research examinees the affects of placing multiple antennas powering multiple RFID chips in a small area. Four new designs are proposed and examined to determine antenna design performance when placed in close proximity. A new method of evaluation is proposed involving the connection of Gen 2 RFID chips as a way to eliminate wire connections needed for measurements.
Beam Diagnostics for ESS (2012)

The European Spallation Source (ESS), to be built in the south of Sweden, will use a 2.5 GeV superconducting linac to produce the world’s most powerful neutron source. The project is currently in a pre-construction phase, during which the linac design is being updated. This paper describes the current plans for beam diagnostics in terms of requirements, number and locations of different systems, and possible technical solutions.
2 Structure and Organization of the Arabidopsis thaliana Nuclear Genome (1994)

The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana is unusually small for a flowering plant and has remarkably little dispersed repetitive DNA. These properties facilitate a series of different types of experiments in molecular genetics and have allowed facile cloning of many Arabidopsis genes by methods that would be difficult or impossible if the genome were larger or more typical in its content of repetitive sequences. Despite the unusual size and structure of the Arabidopsis nuclear genome, the structure of individual genes, the structure of chromosomes, the genetic properties, and the overall complement of genes in the genome are typical of those of other flowering plants. GENOME SIZE That A. thaliana is among the higher plants with the smallest genomes has been known for several decades: Sparrow and Miksche (1961) showed that radiation sensitivity and DNA content are related in plants. They then found that Arabidopsis is highly resistant to ionizing radiation, showing half-inhibition of vegetative growth only when exposed to 4,000 r/day of ionizing radiation. This is many-fold higher than the dose required for similar inhibition of the other plants tested. Sparrow et al. (1972) later showed a correlation of nuclear volume and genome size in plants and found A. thaliana to have the smallest nuclear volume among the angiosperms examined. Subsequent measurements are more readily converted to quantitative estimates of nuclear genome size. Microspectrophotometry of Arabidopsis nuclei specifically stained for DNA with the Feulgen reaction indicates a haploid nuclear genome size of around 0.2 pg (~200 Mb) (Bennett and Smith...
Effect of high pressure on the vibrational frequencies of the .alpha.-pyridyl moiety in HOs3(CO)10(.mu.,.eta.2-NC5H4) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of high pressure on the vibrational frequencies of the .alpha.-pyridyl moiety in HOs3(CO)10(.mu.,.eta.2-NC5H4)Jeffery L. Coffer, Harry G. Drickamer, and John R. ShapleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 13, 5208–5210Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100376a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100376a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers (2002)

We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subsequent drawing and optical characterization of extended lengths of omnidirectional dielectric mirror fibers with submicrometer layer thickness. A pair of glassy materials with substantially different indices of refraction, but with similar thermomechanical properties, was used to construct 21 layers of alternating refractive index surrounding a tough polymer core. Large directional photonic band gaps and high reflection efficiencies comparable to those of the best metallic reflectors were obtained. Potential applications of these fibers include woven fabrics for radiation barriers, spectral authentication of cloth, and filters for telecommunications.
A Study Using Sulfur K-Edge XAS of Bitumens, Asphaltenes, Maltenes and their Oxidation Products by Comparison with Model Compounds (1997)

High resolution Sulfur K-edge XANES spectra have been recorded at the ESRF on test samples of bitumen, asphaltene and maltene fractions and various model compounds. All these fractions were found to have a low content of sulfidic species as opposed to thiophenic species and it is therefore not surprising that thermally oxidized samples (RTFOT) had also a low content (1%) of sulfoxides. This is indeed consistent with the absence of any detectable S=O signature in the EXAFS spectra which were recorded over more than 1300 eV using the undulator gap scan technique.
Dimerization of SOX9 is required for chondrogenesis, but not for sex determination (2003)

The SRY-related SOX9 gene is involved in both chondrogenesis and the early steps of mammalian sex determination. Mutations in the human SOX9 gene cause campomelic dysplasia, a severe skeletal malformation syndrome associated with male-to-female sex reversal in most, but not all, XY individuals. Here we show that SOX9 contains a dimerization domain, and binds co-operatively as a dimer in the presence of the DNA enhancer element in genes involved in chondrocyte differentiation, such as Col11a2 and Col9a2, but binds as a monomer to the regulatory region of the sex-determining gene SF1. Frameshift SOX9 mutations truncate its two activation domains, while all missense mutations reported to date lie in the high mobility group (HMG) DNA-binding domain. We identify a missense mutation (A76E), the first outside the HMG domain, in an XY patient presenting with campomelic dysplasia but without sex reversal. This mutation disrupts the dimerization capability of SOX9, interfering with both the DNA binding and consequent transactivation of both the Col11a2 and Col9a2 enhancers. Consistent with the patient's phenotype, the A76E mutation does not affect DNA binding and activation of the SF1 enhancer. DNA-dependent cooperative dimerization could represent a novel mechanism to achieve tissue-specific regulation of gene expression by a SOX transcription factor. These results establish that SOX9 cooperative dimerization is required for chondrogenesis but not for sex determination and may explain why campomelic dysplasia need not be associated with XY sex reversal.
Targeting mosquito FREP1 with a fungal metabolite blocks malaria transmission (2015)

Inhibiting Plasmodium development in mosquitoes will block malaria transmission. Fibrinogen-related protein 1 (FREP1) is critical for parasite infection in Anopheles gambiae and facilitates Plasmodium invasion in mosquitoes through interacting with gametocytes and ookinetes. To test the hypothesis that small molecules that disrupt this interaction will prevent parasites from infecting mosquitoes, we developed an ELISA-based method to screen a fungal extract library. We obtained a candidate fungal extract of Aspergillus niger that inhibited the interaction between FREP1 and P. falciparum infected cells by about 92%. The inhibition specificity was confirmed by immunofluorescence assays. Notably, feeding mosquitoes with the candidate fungal extract significantly inhibited P. falciparum infection in the midgut without cytotoxicity or inhibition of the development of P. falciparum gametocytes or ookinetes. A bioactive natural product that prevents FREP1 from binding to gametocytes or ookinetes was isolated and identified as P-orlandin. Importantly, the nontoxic orlandin significantly reduced P. falciparum infection intensity in mosquitoes. Therefore, disruption of the interaction between FREP1 and parasites effectively reduces Plasmodium infection in mosquitoes. Targeting FREP1 with small molecules is thus an effective novel approach to block malaria transmission.