gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stormwater Irrigation Volume II: Cyanobacteria Counts with Toxin Concentrations in Stormwater Ponds and After Biofiltration to Reduce Health Risks (2006) (2006)

Algal blooms are a common occurrence in water bodies of all shapes and sizes in the State of Florida as well as all other locations around the world. Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, have proven to be of special concern due to proliferation and potential to produce toxins that are harmful to humans, livestock and wildlife. Casual observations of lakes and stormwater ponds in Florida will confirm algal conditions in many. The health risks and the potential for exposure to harmful and possibly fatal toxins associated with these algal blooms are becoming more evident as more nutrients are discharged to our waters. Data on the counts of Cyanobacteria have been previously reported for large lakes and rivers in the State of Florida, but no studies have been performed regarding stormwater ponds. Since stormwater ponds along roadways and in residential neighborhoods may be a source for irrigation, research to document the occurrence of the algae and their toxins is warranted due to the potential health effects associated with Cyanobacteria. Fourteen ponds in central Florida were sampled for total and potentially toxin Cyanobacteria and the Microcystin Toxins. These ponds represent different land uses and were chosen because of the visual appearance of Cyanobacteria and in three cases, previously laboratory identified but not quantified levels of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria were found to be in all the stormwater ponds of various sizes associated with watersheds in the central Florida area. Even though the algae and its associated toxins were encountered in the stormwater ponds evaluated for this study, the levels detected were much lower than the values discovered in previous studies performed in the larger lakes and rivers around the State. The removals of the algae and their toxins were evaluated using a commonly occurring poorly graded sandy soil with construction characteristics common to “A-3” soils. Filtration through 4 feet of the soil using waters from three of the ponds in the study noted removals of the algae and a reduction in the toxins. The World Health Organization has established a drinking water standard for Cyanobacteria Toxins at 1 ug/L. There is no standard for aerosol levels, and in fact only minor problems health problems have been reported when exposure to aerosols was studied. Of the twenty-eight stormwater pond water samples, two exceeded the drinking water standard. While none of the filtrate samples exceeded the limit. Filtration will help in attenuating the toxin concentrations.
[Effects of different concentrations of putrescine on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human skin fibroblasts]. (2015)

Low concentrations of putrescine can obviously enhance the proliferation ability and maintain normal migration ability of HSF in vitro, but at high concentrations, putrescine can obviously inhibit the cell migration and proliferation and induce cells apoptosis, suggesting the different roles of different concentrations of putrescine in wound healing.
Search for LNV/LFV K+ decays at the NA62 experiment at CERN (2020)

New results are presented for the first time of searches for lepton number violating (LNV) decays K+ → π−e+e+ and K+ → π−μ+μ+ from the NA62 experiment at CERN using a subset of 2017 data. No LNV signals are observed and upper limits are set on the branching ratios, B(K+ → π−e+e+) < 2.2 × 10−10 and B(K+ → π−μ+μ+) < 4.2 × 10−11, at 90% confidence level.
Gouleako and Herbert Viruses in Pigs, Republic of Korea, 2013 (2014)

Several viruses in the family Bunyaviridae are pathogenic to animals and cause vector-borne zoonoses. In 2013, investigation of cause of death of 9 pigs on 1 farm in the Republic of Korea found infection with Gouleako and Herbert viruses. Subsequent investigation revealed high prevalence of these viruses among pigs throughout the country.
Still Cruising and Believing? An Analysis of Online Credibility Across Three Presidential Campaigns (2010)

This study relies on online surveys of politically interested web users during the 1996, 2000, and 2004 presidential elections to examine the degree to which people judge online information as credible and to compare how credibility has shifted in the past decade. Whereas credibility scores jumped in 2000, they declined in 2004. Online issue sources were judged the most credible and online broadcast TV news sources the least credible. Whereas respondents perceived few differences between online and traditionally delivered sources in the 2000 campaign, greater differences emerged in the 2004 campaign.
An architecture for adaptive functional electrical stimulation for hemiplegic lower limb activities (2003)

Due to the advanced control methods and quickly developing computer technology, using functional electrical stimulation (FES) to restore functions to paralyzed extremities has attracted increasing attention. FES system utilizes the EMG of the upper body to control the stimulation to lower limb, as well as the muscle fatigue measure. In out architecture, EMG signals are used both to analyze the human intention, and to adapt the stimulation pattern as the feedback means. EMG signals provide one an access to physiological processes that cause the muscle to generate force, produce movement and accomplish the countless functions that allow one to interact with world around us. This paper explains the framework of the architecture and the experimental detail of EMG transformer part.
Mode-Dynamic Task Allocation and Scheduling for an Engine Management Real-Time System Using a Multicore Microcontroller (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A variety of methodologies to use embedded multicore controllers efficiently has been discussed in the last years. Several assumptions are usually made in the automotive domain, such as static assignment of tasks to the cores. This paper shows an approach for efficient task allocation depending on different system modes. An engine management system (EMS) is used as application example, and the performance improvement compared to static allocation is assessed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper is structured as follows: First the control algorithms for the EMS will be classified according to operating modes. The classified algorithms will be allocated to the cores, depending on the operating mode. We identify mode transition points, allowing a reliable switch without neglecting timing requirements. As a next step, it will be shown that a load distribution by mode-dependent task allocation would be better balanced than a static task allocation. All EMS tasks being applied in this paper serve for a 4 cylinder gasoline torque based system including engine low level drivers. The Infineon AURIX microcontroller is used, featuring three cores. Performance evaluation is done by simulation on the chosen abstraction level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The last section of the document will address proposals for future work to measure and reduce the behavioral differences between the simulation and the implementation on the real target.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects Of B-hydroxy-B-methylbutyrate (hmb) On Myofiber Dimensions And Myogenic Capacity In Young And Old Fisher 344 Rats (2011)

PURPOSE: B-hydroxy-B-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been shown to prevent losses in lean body mass with age. The efficacy of HMB intake on myogenic capacity and myofiber dimensions has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of 16 wks of HMB administration on age-related changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-determined myofiber dimensions and the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects. METHODS: Twelve young (44 wks), 6 middle aged (60 wks), 10 old (86 wks), and 5 very old (102 wks) male Fisher 344 rats were assessed. Of these 6 young, 6 middle aged, 5 old and very old rats were sacrificed for baseline muscles, and remaining rats (6 young and 5 old) were given 1% HMB feed for 16 wks and sacrificed for molecular analysis of the soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GAS). DTI-determined water diffusion in myofibers was analyzed by calculating the fractional anisotropy (FA) and eigenvalues. Transcript factors regulating muscle growth: myogenin, myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD), and insulin-like growth factor-IEa (IGF-IEa), myostatin, and atrogin-1 were assessed with RT-PCR. One way ANOVA was used, and a significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was a decline in myofiber dimensions in all muscles from 44 to 102 wks in the 102-wk control (-10 to 15 % decline in eigenvalues 2 and 3), but not in the 102-wk HMB condition. There were group effects for the SOL and GAS muscles for expression of atrogin-1, which was greater in the 102-wk control group than all other groups in both the SOL (+ 45 %) and GAS (+100 %). However, the rise was blunted in the SOL in the 102-wk HMB condition. There was a group effect in the SOL for myogenin, which, while approaching significance in the 102-wk control group (p=0.06) only significantly increased (+40%) in the 102-wk HMB group relative to the 44-wk group. CONCLUSIONS: HMB may blunt age-related losses of myofiber dimensions. These effects may be mediated by prevention of protein breakdown and improved myogenic capacity.
Well-Defined Acetylene-Functionalized Oxanorbornene Polymers and Block Copolymers (2008)

Well-defined and high molecular weight acetylene-functionalized poly(oxanorbornenes) were synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobalt-functionalized exo-oxanorbornene monomer 2a. Dicobalt hexacarbonyl, Co2(CO)6, was used as a protecting group for the acetylene moiety. This protecting group was found to be compatible with third-generation Grubbs’ catalyst, offering well-defined homopolymers and block copolymers in high yields (up to 97%). Equally important, it was removed (>99%) by treating the polymers with ceric(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN), under mild conditions, with no observable unwanted side reactions. This approach yields high fidelity polymers containing the acetylene functionality which is incompatible with Ru-based catalysis. The explosion of click chemistry makes these polymers attractive starting macromolecules for postpolymerization chemistry.
A Nash-based power control game for green communications via cognitive radio networks (2012)

The main challenge in green communications is to effectively and efficiently utilize the radio resources, particularly energy and spectrum. Hence, cognitive radio technology is introduced with the ability of allowing secondary users (SUs) to share a band of spectrum which is not fully exploited by the primary users (PUs). Power control is one of the main components in green cognitive radio technology, not only to ensure that the SUs transmit sufficient power to achieve the satisfactory quality of services (QoS) without excessive interference to other SUs, but also need to alleviate negative effects to the PUs. In this paper, a Nash-based power control game (NPCG) together with a novel interference mitigation algorithm (IMA) are proposed for SUs to efficiently trade off their QoS for better energy efficiency. The weighting constant introduced in the IMA plays a vital role to alleviate the interference produced by the SUs so that it is always below the interference temperature threshold. Simulation results show that the NPCG algorithm incorporated with the IMA not only can achieve rapid convergence, but also provide a good tradeoff between QoS and energy efficiency.
A Sectional Model for Investigating Microcontamination in a Rotating Disk CVD Reactor (2004)

A sectional model is employed to study the aerosol dynamics in a rotating disk CVD reactor. The aerosol model is implemented into a numerical code that employs detailed chemistry and transport and a one-dimensional similarity transform to simulate this system. The numerical results are compared to experimental data where conditions are such that particles are formed from gas-phase reactions. A thin particle layer is reproduced and the thickness is accurately determined. The location of the layer is predicted within 5%. The thin layer is a consequence of the particle stagnation region that develops due to convection towards the disk being opposed by a particle thermophoretic velocity away from the disk. The effect of sticking coefficient is examined, and it is shown that with a small sticking coefficient a smaller mean particle size and broader particle layer is obtained. It is also found that particle layers are driven farther away from the disk when the temperature of the disk is higher or the chamber pr...
Mitigation of Engine Inlet Distortion Through Adjoint-Based Design (2017)

The adjoint-based design capability in FUN3D is extended to allow efficient gradient- based optimization and design of concepts with highly integrated aero-propulsive systems. A circumferential distortion calculation, along with the derivatives needed to perform adjoint-based design, have been implemented in FUN3D. This newly implemented distortion calculation can be used not only for design but also to drive the existing mesh adaptation process and reduce the error associated with the fan distortion calculation. The design capability is demonstrated by the shape optimization of an in-house aircraft concept equipped with an aft fuselage propulsor. The optimization objective is the minimization of flow distortion at the aerodynamic interface plane of this aft fuselage propulsor.
Mitigating optical singularities in coordinate-based metamaterial waveguides (2017)

Transformation optics has revolutionized our approach to material design in several scientific disciplines by determining the material properties that implement the desired effects of a coordinate transformation. Unfortunately, the performance of several coordinate-based devices, such as beam splitters and invisibility cloaks, suffers from the necessary implementation of singularities with extreme material parameters. Here, we make use of transformation optics to eliminate these singularities in an isotropic way for the improvement of coordinate-based metamaterial waveguides. In particular, singularities that lead to vanishing material properties are softened with a global rescaling of the coordinates, while singular terms that lead to infinite material properties are strategically replaced by well-behaved curve factors. Detailed full-wave simulations confirm that the resulting waveguide devices are as efficient as their singular counterparts despite the fact that they consist of materials with much more moderate optical properties.
Proposal of flexible robotic arm with thin McKibben actuators mimicking octopus arm structure (2016)

An octopus arm has no rigid structure, it is mostly composed of muscles aligned in various directions and the nerves. The muscles are roughly aligned in three directions, and by driving the muscles selectively, the octopus arm can perform multiple functions such as the contracting, bending, torsion and stiffness alteration. This study aims at the development of a new flexible robotic arm using thin McKibben actuators mimicking the muscle structure of an octopus arm. The McKibben actuator is a well-known pneumatic artificial muscle, and we have developed extremely thin McKibben actuators by using a braiding machine. In this paper, configuration of the flexible arm is proposed. The developed mechanism consists of thirty two thin McKibben actuators arranged in three directions, axial, radial and oblique, imitating the muscle structure of an actual octopus arm. The fundamental motion of the flexible arm is investigated experimentally. The proposed mechanism performs bending, contracting, torsion movements and stiffness alteration like an octopus arm.
FBD: a fault-tolerant buffering disk system for improving write performance of RAID5 systems (2003)

The parity calculation technique of the RAID5 provides high reliability, efficient disk space usage, and good read performance for parallel-disk-array configurations. However, it requires four disk accesses for each write request. The write performance of a RAID5 is therefore poor compared with its read performance. We propose a buffering system to improve write performance while maintaining the reliability of the total system. The buffering system uses two to four disks clustered into two groups, primary and backup. Write performance is improved by sequential accesses of the primary disks without interruption and by reduction of irrelevant disk accesses for the RAID5 by packing. The backup disks are used to tolerate a disk failure and to accept read requests for data stored in the buffering system so as not to disturb sequential accesses in the primary disks. We developed an experimental system using an off-the-shelf personal computer and disks, and a commercial RAID5 system. The experiments indicate that the buffering system considerably improves both system throughput and average response time.
Fast prediction of variable-speed acoustic noise due to magnetic forces in electrical machines (2016)

This paper presents a new multiphysic model and simulation environment for the fast calculation and analysis of acoustic noise and vibration levels due to Maxwell forces in variable-speed rotating electrical machines. In the first part, some numerical methods for the prediction of electromagnetic noise are analyzed and compared to analytical or semi analytical techniques. In the second part, a new coupling of electrical, electromagnetic and vibro-acoustic models based on analytical and semi-analytical modeling techniques is presented. This model is validated by comparing simulation results to experimental results on several electrical machines at variable speed, including surface permanent magnet (SPMSM), interior permanent magnet (IPMSM) and squirrel cage induction machines (SCIM). The main resonances and noise levels are correctly estimated by the models implemented in MANATEE® simulation software, and the calculation time at variable speed varies from one second to a few minutes including harmonics up to 20 kHz.
Effects of Light-Activated Self-Healing Polymers on the Rheological Behaviors of Asphalt Binder Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles (2018)

A new generation of ultraviolet (UV) light-activated, self-healing polymers was evaluated with the aim to enhance the elastic recovery of the binder and to increase its self-healing abilities. This study had three main objectives: (a) to develop an optimized synthesis procedure for producing light-activated self-healing polymers, (b) to examine the thermal stability of the prepared self-healing polymers, and (c) to evaluate the effect of self-healing polymers on the rheological properties of asphalt binder containing binder extracted from recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of UV-activated polymers in the laboratory. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis showed that the materials produced achieved the required thermal stability at high temperature. Measuring the viscosity of different binder blends with and without RAS and with and without self-healing polymers revealed that the additive decreased the viscosity of the binder blends containing RAS, thereby providing blends with a better workability. Furthermore, rheological results showed that the rutting resistance of the binder blends containing RAS was improved by increasing the percentage of self-healing polymer. Results also showed improved rheological behaviors at low service temperature with 5% self-healing polymer and with exposure to UV light.
Small scatter elements for crack detection (2015)

This paper looks at the feasibility of using short elements radar scatters elements within concrete as a marker to cracking. It is shown that the dynamic range of power returns due to broken scatterers (indicating cracks) is small, but nevertheless consistent putting such techniques near the limits of feasibility when taken in a statistical context.
Calmodulin (2004)

Abstract CaM is a ubiquitous eukaryotic calcium binding protein that interacts with hundreds of proteins including kinases and phosphatases, transmembrane ion channels and pumps, and cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. In response to an increase in intracellular calcium, CaM undergoes a major conformational change enabling target binding and activation. In some cases, CaM is able to bind target proteins in the absence of, or independently of, Ca 2+ ; in others, CaM binding may induce inactivation. The structural plasticity of calmodulin is demonstrated by the diversity observed in its interaction with various targets.
Urbanisation in India -Trends, problems and prospects (2012)

Urbanization is a part and parcel of economic development. It is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern industrial one. This paper endeavors to enlighten on the process of urbanization in India having an interstate analysis which focus on trends, problems, and prospects. It will try to trace urban problems and form some policy. The increase in urban population from 1951 to 2001 has been 223 million that indicates urban population increased 4.6 times in between 1951 and 2001. Only 27.8% of population was living in urban areas as per 2001 census. Urbanization rate in India is much less than other developed countries. The state-wise variations in India are significant. In case of interstate analysis it is shown that Maharashtra is the highest urbanized state while Assam is the least one. It is estimated that there are almost billion poor people in the world; of this over 750 million live in urban areas without adequate shelter and basic services. Due to urbanization there is problem of employment, environmental pollution, congestion, transportation etc. There is also regional disparity between different groups within that limited urban area. Slum formation is a major problem now days to urban area. The basic services are not provided according to the requirement. Cities are suffering from urban poverty, unemployment, shortage of housing, crisis in urban infrastructural services: these large cities cannot absorb these distressed rural migrants i.e. poor landless illiterate and unskilled agricultural labourers. Hence, this migration to urban class causes urban crisis more acute. This paper consists of three sections. The first section deals with introduction and importance of urbanization pattern in India. The second section examines an interstate analysis of urbanization trend and the final section deals with urban trend and policy measures.
TCG inside? (2006)

The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) has addressed a new generation of computing platforms employing both supplemental hardware and software with the primary goal to improve the security and the trustworthiness of future IT systems. The core component of the TCG proposal is the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) providing certain cryptographic functions. Many vendors currently equip their platforms with a TPM claiming to be TCG compliant. However, there is no feasible way for application developers and users of TPM-enabled systems to verify this compliance. In practice, manufacturers may exploit the flexibility that the specification itself provides, or they may deviate from it by inappropriate design that might lead to security vulnerabilities. Hence, it is crucial to have an independent means for testing the compliance as well as analyzing the security of different TPMs. In this paper, we aim at making the first steps towards fulfilling this requirement: We have developed a test strategy as well as a prototype test suite for TPM compliance testing. Although our test does not cover the complete TCG specification, our test results show that many TPM implementations do not meet the TCG specification and have bugs. Moreover, we discuss that non-compliance may have crucial impact on security, and point out the corresponding security problems in case of a widespread TPM.