gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to Carbocyclic Analogues of the Potent Neuraminidase Inhibitor 4‐Guanidino‐Neu5Ac2en. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of N‐((1S, 2S,6R)‐2‐Azido‐6‐benzyloxymethyl‐4‐formylcyclohex‐3‐enyl)acetamide. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-speed phase-shifting incoherent digital holography (invited) (2023)

Abstract We propose high-speed incoherent digital holography with a recording speed of 1,000 fps, which is designed for the three-dimensional (3D) motion-picture measurement of moving objects with high temporal resolution. We adopt single-shot phase-shifting incoherent digital holography, a high-speed polarization-imaging camera system, and a palm-sized self-interference interferometer designed for spatially and temporally incoherent light, to implement a high-speed phase-shifting incoherent digital holography system. High-speed four-dimensional (4D) (3D and time) measurement capability is experimentally demonstrated, using the constructed incoherent digital holography system set on a wagon and a daily-use white-color light-emitting diode.
Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Ir-Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation and Applications in Sequential Pd Catalysis (2013)

Highly congested vicinal stereocenters comprised of tertiary and all-carbon quaternary centers were generated via Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of β-ketoesters. These catalytic reactions proceed in excellent yields with a broad scope on either reaction partner and with outstanding regio-, diastereo-, and enantiocontrol. Implementation of a subsequent Pd-catalyzed alkylation affords dialkylated products with pinpoint stereochemical control of both chiral centers.
Field Evaluation of a Mycoplasma bovis Bacterin in Young Dairy Calves (2003)

The objective of this field trial was to determine the efficacy of a commercially produced Mycoplasma bovis (Mb) bacterin for the prevention of Mb-associated disease (respiratory disease, otitis media, arthritis) and mortality in dairy calves from birth to 90. days of age. Additional objectives were to compare vaccinated and placebo-treated calves with respect to 1) weight gain from birth to 90 days of age, 2) rates of nasal colonization by Mb and 3) Mb-specific serum immunoglobulin concentrations.
A Method for the ECG Inverse Problem in the Frequency Domain (2005)

The Inverse ECG problem is ill-conditioned and its solution requires a relatively high computing effort. Additional constraints are required in order to obtain a stable solution. A method is proposed in which the solution of the inverse ECG problem is approached in the frequency domain, taking advantage of the assumption that propagation delays may be ignored and the quasi-periodicity of ECG. In this method usual Tikhonov zero-order constraints are applied to the amplitudes of the signals for a selected frequency domain. This method ensures faster solutions that are spatially and temporally well behaved. Calculation of epicardial electrograms is compared to a basic method.
Validity of air pollution annoyance to assess long-term exposure to air pollution in Belgium (2020)

Abstract Background In environmental epidemiology, air pollution exposure is often estimated at the population level. To avoid the risk of exposure misclassification, one possibility is to interpolate air pollution measures at the residence through Geographical Information Systems. However, this might imply cumbersome administrative procedures. Data on air pollution annoyance from surveys can be an alternative to assess individual exposure to air pollution. This study investigates the association between air pollution annoyance and individual air pollution exposure. Methods Analyses were carried out based on a linkage of data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS 2008 and 2013; &amp;gt;15 years; n = 9347) and annual means of air pollution concentration at the residence. Self-reported air pollution annoyance was assessed through a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and multivariable ordinal logistic regressions (OLR). Results A significant exposure-response relationship was observed between long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported air pollution annoyance. However, Spearman coefficients were low (0.18-0.24), meaning a high heterogeneity of annoyance levels for a given exposure. In multivariable OLR, the odds of being annoyed by air pollution was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.86-2.67) times higher for each Interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 concentration (PM2.5: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.53-2.07], PM10: 1.61 [95% CI: 1.33-1.67], black carbon: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.27-1.67]). Air pollution annoyance depended largely on individual factors especially health status. Conclusions Air pollution exposure has a significant influence on self-reported air pollution annoyance. However, many other factors were found to influence annoyance, independently of the exposure. We found a limited validity of self-reported air pollution annoyance to assess individual long-term exposure to air pollution. Key messages Significant exposure-response relationship between individual long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported air pollution annoyance. Limited validity of self-reported air pollution annoyance for assessing individual long term exposure to air pollution.
The Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil and the Extracts from Leaves ofGynura divaricata(L.) DC. Growing in Thailand (2015)

AbstractThe chemical constituents of the essential oil from the leaves of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. were investigated by GC-FID and GC-MS. Seventeen compounds, representing 97.1 % of the chromatographical fraction of the oil, were detected. The major constituents, cubenol (65.7 %) and spathulenol (6.4 %), were isolated using column chromatography and identified by NMR and MS analysis. The antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil, the hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of G. divaricata leaves were investigated. The essential oil and the crude extracts showed antioxidant activity using the ABTS and DPPH methods, respectively. The essential oil exhibited significant cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 cancer cell lines with the IC values of 5.79, 47.44 and 17.65 µg/mL, respectively and had a MIC of 50 μg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Cubenol had an IC50 value of 45.37 µg/mL against the NCI-H187 cancer cell line. All extracts were non-cytotoxic against Vero cells. The essential oil and the extracts showed antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion assay. The methanol extract was the most potent of the three extracts.Key words: Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.essential oilchemical constituentsextractscytotoxicityantioxidant activityantibacterial activitycubenolspathulenol
Stochastic sensing of Angiotensin II with lysenin channels (2017)

The ability of pore-forming proteins to interact with various analytes has found vast applicability in single molecule sensing and characterization. In spite of their abundance in organisms from all kingdoms of life, only a few pore-forming proteins have been successfully reconstituted in artificial membrane systems for sensing purposes. Lysenin, a pore-forming toxin extracted from the earthworm E. fetida, inserts large conductance nanopores in lipid membranes containing sphingomyelin. Here we show that single lysenin channels may function as stochastic nanosensors by allowing the short cationic peptide angiotensin II to be electrophoretically driven through the conducting pathway. Long-term translocation experiments performed using large populations of lysenin channels allowed unequivocal identification of the unmodified analyte by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. However, application of reverse voltages or irreversible blockage of the macroscopic conductance of lysenin channels by chitosan addition prevented analyte translocation. This investigation demonstrates that lysenin channels have the potential to function as nano-sensing devices capable of single peptide molecule identification and characterization, which may be further extended to other macromolecular analytes.
31 GHz path loss measurement and modeling for indoor/outdoor environments (2018)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation measurements were conducted at 31 GHz for outdoor and indoor environments using horn antennas of 54° half power beam width (HPBW) and 10 dBi gain, for both co-polarized and cross-polarized antenna configurations. The measurements were conducted in typical line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments in a large building on the University of South Carolina campus. Several propagation path loss (PL) models are presented based upon this collected data. As expected, the PLE showed a dependence on the presence or absence of LOS and on antenna polarization alignment, while cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) depends on LOS and antenna HPBW. A comparative analysis between our results with those in the literature shows good general agreement. The PL models presented in this paper may be of use in future outdoor and inbuilding wireless networks in this mmWave band.
Identification of the Major Expressed S-Layer and Cell Surface-Layer-Related Proteins in the Model Methanogenic Archaea:Methanosarcina barkeriFusaro andMethanosarcina acetivoransC2A (2012)

Many archaeal cell envelopes contain a protein coat or sheath composed of one or more surface exposed proteins. These surface layer (S-layer) proteins contribute structural integrity and protect the lipid membrane from environmental challenges. To explore the species diversity of these layers in the Methanosarcinaceae, the major S-layer protein in Methanosarcina barkeri strain Fusaro was identified using proteomics. The Mbar_A1758 gene product was present in multiple forms with apparent sizes of 130, 120, and 100 kDa, consistent with post-translational modifications including signal peptide excision and protein glycosylation. A protein with features related to the surface layer proteins found in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A and Methanosarcina mazei Goel was identified in the M. barkeri genome. These data reveal a distinct conserved protein signature with features and implied cell surface architecture in the Methanosarcinaceae that is absent in other archaea. Paralogous gene expression patterns in two Methanosarcina species revealed abundant expression of a single S-layer paralog in each strain. Respective promoter elements were identified and shown to be conserved in mRNA coding and upstream untranslated regions. Prior M. acetivorans genome annotations assigned S-layer or surface layer associated roles of eighty genes: however, of 68 examined none was significantly expressed relative to the experimentally determined S-layer gene.
Role of Nox isoforms in angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in brain (2012)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes vascular disease through several mechanisms including by producing oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Although multiple potential sources of reactive oxygen species exist, the relative importance of each is unclear, particularly in individual vascular beds. In these experiments, we examined the role of NADPH oxidase (Nox1 and Nox2) in Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation. Treatment with Ang II (1.4 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) for 7 days), but not vehicle, increased blood pressure in all groups. In wild-type (WT; C57Bl/6) mice, Ang II reduced dilation of the basilar artery to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine compared with vehicle but had no effect on responses in Nox2-deficient (Nox2(-/y)) mice. Ang II impaired responses to acetylcholine in Nox1 WT (Nox1(+/y)) and caused a small reduction in responses to acetylcholine in Nox1-deficient (Nox1(-/y)) mice. Ang II did not impair responses to the endothelium-independent agonists nitroprusside or papaverine in either group. In WT mice, Ang II increased basal and phorbol-dibutyrate-stimulated superoxide production in the cerebrovasculature, and these increases were abolished in Nox2(-/y) mice. Overall, these data suggest that Nox2 plays a relatively prominent role in mediating Ang II-induced oxidative stress and cerebral endothelial dysfunction, with a minor role for Nox1.
Modeling the resupply, diffusion, and evaporation of cesium on the surface of controlled porosity dispenser photocathodes (2013)

A controlled porosity dispenser (CPD) photocathode is currently being explored and developed to replace the Cs during operation and increase photocathode lifetime. Experimental results from cesium (Cs) emission of a sintered-wire tungsten CPD are presented and are used to inform a theoretical model of Cs resupply, diffusion, and evaporation on the surface of the photocathode. The evaporation of Cs from a tungsten surface is modeled using an effective one-dimensional potential well representation of the binding energy. The model accounts for both local and global interactions of Cs with the surface metal as well as with other Cs atoms. It is found that for typical activation temperatures within the range of 500 K–750 K, differences of less than 5% between the quantum efficiency (QE) maximum and minimum over ideal homogenous surfaces occur, even when variations to mimic surface non-uniformity due to pore blockage are included. The theoretical evaporation rates of sub-monolayer surface coverage of Cs compare well to the data of Taylor and Langmuir [I. Langmuir and J. B. Taylor, Phys. Rev. 40, 463–464 (1932)] and reproduce the nonlinear behavior of evaporation with varying coverage and temperature.
Inhibition of Activin/Myostatin signalling induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy but impairs mouse testicular development (2020)

Numerous approaches are being developed to promote post-natal muscle growth based on attenuating Myostatin/Activin signalling for clinical uses such as the treatment neuromuscular diseases, cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. However there have been concerns about the effects of inhibiting Activin on tissues other than skeletal muscle. We intraperitoneally injected mice with the Activin ligand trap, sActRIIB, in young, adult and a progeric mouse model. Treatment at any stage in the life of the mouse rapidly increased muscle mass. However at all stages of life the treatment decreased the weights of the testis. Not only were the testis smaller, but they contained fewer sperm compared to untreated mice. We found that the hypertrophic muscle phenotype was lost after the cessation of sActRIIB treatment but abnormal testis phenotype persisted. In summary, attenuation of Myostatin/Activin signalling inhibited testis development. Future use of molecules based on a similar mode of action to promote muscle growth should be carefully profiled for adverse side-effects on the testis. However the effectiveness of sActRIIB as a modulator of Activin function provides a possible therapeutic strategy to alleviate testicular seminoma development.
Measurements of high-contrast starshade performance in the field (2016)

The external starshade is a method for the direct detection and spectral characterization of terrestrial planets around other stars, a key goal identified in ASTRO2010. In an effort to validate the starlight-suppression performance of the starshade, we have measured contrast better than 1×10-9 using 60 cm starshades at points just beyond the starshade tips. These measurements were made over a 50% spectral bandpass, using an incoherent light source (a white LED), and in challenging outdoor test environments. Our experimental setup is designed to provide starshade to telescope separation and telescope aperture size that are scaled as closely as possible to the flight system. The measurements confirm not only the overall starlight-suppression capability of the starshade concept but also the robustness of the setup to optical disturbances such as atmospheric effects at the test site. The spectral coverage is limited only by the optics and detectors in our test setup, not by the starshade itself. Here we describe our latest results as well as detailed comparisons of the measured results to model predictions. Plans and status of the next phase of ground testing are also discussed.
Role of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in prediction of the efficacy and outcome of primary epirubicin/tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer (2006)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression in predicting the response to epirubicin and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients enrolled in a single institution trial of primary anthracycline and tamoxifen therapy. CAIX expression was assessed in 183 patients with T2-4 N0-1 breast cancer enrolled in a randomized trial comparing four cycles of single agent epirubicin versus epirubicin+tamoxifen as primary systemic treatment. All patients received postoperatively four cycles of the four weekly i.v. cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil regimen. Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary tumors received 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. Pretreatment, p53 (P=0.007), c-erbB2 (P<0.01), and Ki67 (P=0.02) were directly associated with CAIX expression, while bcl2 (P<0.000) and ER (P=0.000) and progesterone receptor (PgR; P<0.01) were inversely correlated. In multivariate analysis, only high p53 and low bcl2 were independently associated with CAIX positivity. CAIX immunostaining was significantly associated with poor outcome for DFS (P<0.002) and overall survival (P=0.001). In multivariate analysis, a significant interaction was found between CAIX and markers of hormone sensitivity, bcl2 (P=0.01), ER (P=0.02), PgR (P=0.02), and lymph node involvement (P=0.04), in predicting DFS. Presently, there are few clinical markers of resistance to tamoxifen treatment in ER-positive tumors. CAIX expression in breast cancer patients shows a negative predictive role of treatment efficacy in ER-positive patients on the adjuvant tamoxifen after primary chemo-endocrine therapy. Studies investigating the effects of pH on tamoxifen uptake and the effects of therapy with CA inhibitors are planned.
Infrared reflectance of AlN–GaN short period superlattice films (1996)

The room-temperature infrared reflectance of AlN–GaN short period superlattice films has been measured. These superlattice films were deposited by switched atomic layer metalorganic chemical vapor deposition onto GaN or AlN buffer layers deposited on basal plane sapphire substrates. The measured reflectance spectra are compared to calculated spectra using an effective medium theory to model the dielectric function of the superlattice. The optical properties of the individual materials making up the samples are modeled with Lorentz oscillators using only bulk input parameters. The effects of film and substrate anisotropy and off-normal incidence are included in the calculation. Using this modeling technique, it is possible to obtain thickness estimates for the superlattice film and the buffer layer. The complicated structures seen in the reststrahl region reflectance of these films are also analyzed by comparison to the calculated spectra.
Model-free optimization based feedforward control for an inkjet printhead (2010)

Inkjet is an important technology in document printing and many new industrial applications. As inkjet developments are moving towards higher productivity and quality, it is required to achieve small droplet size which is fired at a high jetting frequency. Inkjet printers are now widely used to form conductive traces for circuits, as well as color filters in LCD and plasma displays, what makes the printing quality an important issue. In this paper, an optimization-based feedforward control is proposed to improve the printing quality of the piezoelectric inkjet printer. A novel optimized input pulse is proposed and a model-free optimization is applied to obtain the optimal parameters of the proposed pulse. The proposed optimal pulse is applied to the inkjet printhead and the system performance is investigated.
Homochiral [2]Catenane and Bis[2]catenane from Alleno-Acetylenic Helicates - A Highly Selective Narcissistic Self-Sorting Process (2015)

Homochiral strands of alternating alleno-acetylenes and phenanthroline ligands (P)-1 and (P2)-2, as well as their corresponding enantiomers, selectively assemble with the addition of silver(I) salt to yield dinuclear and trinuclear double helicates, respectively. Upon increasing the solvent polarity, the dinuclear and trinuclear helicates interlock to form a [2]catenane and bis[2]catenane, bearing 14 chirality elements, respectively. The solid-state structure of the [2]catenane reveals a nearly perfect fit of the interlocked strands, and the ECD spectra show a significant amplification of the chiroptical properties upon catenation, indicating stabilization of the helical secondary structure. Highly selective narcissistic self-sorting was demonstrated for a racemic mixture consisting of both short and long alleno-acetylenic strands, highlighting their potential for the preparation of linear catenanes of higher order.
Risikobewertung von Silobauwerken (2000)

Problemstellung Ziele Stochastischer Silodruck Zur Problematik Grundsätzliche Lösungswege Modelle der Füllgutparameter und des Silodrucks Modell des Silodrucks in vertikaler Richtung Modell des Silodrucks in Ringrichtung Modelle zur Ermittlung der Schnittgrößen der Silozelle Modell der Schnittgrößen in vertikaler Richtung Modell der Schnittgrößen in Ringrichtung Stochastische Silodrücke und Schnittgrößen in vertikaler Richtung Vertikal konstante Füllgutparameter Vertikal fluktuierende Füllgutparameter Stochastische Schnittgrößen in Ringrichtung Zusammenfassung Risikountersuchungen von Silobauwerken unter extremen Einwirkungen Allgemeine Grundlagen zu Risikobetrachtungen Untersuchungsgegenstand Einflusskomponenten auf das Risiko Entscheidungsebenen Risikountersuchung von Silos unter Erdbeben Abschätzung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit Abschätzung des Schadens infolge Versagen Risikobestimmung für Silos unter Erdbeben Zusammenfassung Risikountersuchung von Silos unter Explosion Abschätzung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit Abschätzung des Schadens infolge Versagen Risikobestimmung für Silos unter Explosionen Andere Aspekte der Risikobewertung Problemstellung Berechnungsmodell Ergebnisse der numerischen Untersuchungen Literatur