gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selectivity Engineering of Cation-Exchange Resins over Inorganic Solid Acids in C-Alkylation of Guaiacol with Cyclohexene (2006)

Friedel−Crafts alkylation of guaiacol with cyclohexene gives both C- and O-alkylated products, which are commercially valuable. The C-alkylated products are important intermediates for the production of resins, antioxidants, drugs, dyes, polymer additives, agrochemicals, and antiseptic substances. The objective of the current work was to achieve maximum selectivity for the C-alkylated products, using an active catalyst with minimum separation cost. A variety of eco-friendly solid acid catalysts such as sulfated zirconia, Amberlyst-15, Filtrol-24, cesium-modified dodecatungstophosphoric acid (Cs-DTP) supported over K-10 clay (20% w/w Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10), and 20% w/w dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP)/K-10 clay were screened to study the effect of their nature of acidity on product distribution. Amberlyst-15 was determined to be the best catalyst to achieve maximum selectivity for C-alkylated product at 80 °C. The O-alkylation versus C-alkylation not only was observed to be highly temperature sensitive, but the nature of the acidic sites also had an important role. Effects of various parameters on rates and product distribution are discussed to deduce the kinetics of the reaction.
Synthesis of Ag doped ZnlnSe ternary quantum dots with tunable emission (2014)

Ag:ZnInSe QDs with extremely good stability, good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and continuously tunable wavelengths from 504 nm to 585 nm.
Novel GLCCI1-BRAF fusion drives kinase signaling in a case of pheochromocytomatosis (2022)

This report is the first of GLCCI1 fused to BRAF in a human neoplasm and only the second BRAF-containing fusion transcript in PCC. Detailed molecular characterization of PCC can be a valuable tool in managing patients with recurrent PCC and pheochromocytomatosis that represents a significant clinical challenge.
273Cell to cell communication: miRNA involvement (2014)

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are the primary cause of death and disability in the Western world. The recent developments in genetics and genomics provide a background for further investigating this area with the aim of deepening our understanding of the atherosclerotic phenomena underlying CMD. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, and are involved in cardiovascular diseases. The cross talk between the different cell types of the vessel wall is fundamental in order to maintain the vessel integrity. This phenomenon is dysregulated during atherosclerosis development, inducing a modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) biology. Methods/Results: The aim of this study is to understand whether the SMC-specific miR-143 and -145 might be transferred to ECs, then modulating their biological activity. Indeed, our data revealed that vascular stress is associated with down-regulation of miR-143 and -145 in SMCs: their modulation is responsible for SMC phenotypic switch from a contractile/non proliferative to a migratory/proliferative state. We observed that ECs, which do not normally express miR-143 and -145, do so after being co-cultured with SMCs, indicating that these miRs can be transferred from SMCs to ECs. ECs fed with SMC-conditioned media did not express miR-143 and -145. Instead, direct contact between the two cells types triggered the transfer of the miRs. This indicated that the transfer is not guided by any paracrine mechanism. Then, we observed that the transfer is restricted only to the mature miR sequences as no primary-miR-143/145 could be detected in ECs after co-culture. Conclusion: Our data suggest that dysregulation of miR-143 and -145 genes is causally involved in aberrant SMC plasticity and probably in endothelial pathophysiology encountered during vascular disease.
Gate Sizing by Lagrangian Relaxation Revisited (2009)

In this paper, we formulate the generalized convex sizing (GCS) problem that unifies the sizing problems and applies to sequential circuits with clock-skew optimization. We revisit the approach to solve the sizing problem by Lagrangian relaxation, point out several misunderstandings in the previous paper, and extend the approach to handle general convex delay functions in the GCS problems. We identify a class of proper GCS problems whose objective functions in the simplified dual problem are differentiable and transform the simultaneous sizing and clock-skew optimization problem into a proper GCS problem. We design an algorithm based on the method of feasible directions and min-cost network flow to solve proper GCS problems. The algorithm will provide evidences for infeasible GCS problems according to a condition derived by us. Experimental results confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of our algorithm when the Elmore delay model is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid Related Di‐ and Tetrasaccharides Having a Glucuronic Acid at the Reducing End. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cilostazol, Not Aspirin, Prevents Stenosis of Bioresorbable Vascular Grafts in a Venous Model (2015)

Cilostazol prevents stenosis of bioresorbable vascular graft in a mouse inferior vena cava implantation model up to 24 weeks and is accompanied by reduction of smooth muscle cell proliferation and acute inflammation.
Everolimus in Postmenopausal, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: Summary and Results of an Austrian Expert Panel Discussion (2013)

In patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer, response to endocrine therapy is frequently limited by endocrine resistance. One important mechanism of resistance is related to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a molecule involved in the activation of alternative signaling pathways. Preclinically, resensitization of endocrine resistance can be achieved by the addition of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus to endocrine therapy. Recent results of clinical trials confirmed the clinical activity of combining everolimus and endocrine therapy in neoadjuvant and advanced breast cancer. The BOLERO-2 trial demonstrated significant progression-free survival benefits for the addition of everolimus to exemestane. These data were the basis for the recent approval of everolimus in combination with exemestane for the treatment of advanced hormone r eceptor-positive breast cancer. In clinical practice, the following 3 patient groups are particularly suitable for this treatment: those with progression on aromatase inhibitor therapy, those who respond well to chemotherapy and might benefit from subsequent endocrine therapy, and those with non-aggressive tumor biology. Everolimus treatment requires careful clinical monitoring due to the potentially serious side effects, e.g. stomatitis and pneumonitis. It is also important to educate patients and physicians in order to increase their awareness of side effects. At present, everolimus is investigated in clinical trials.
Synthesis and characterization of C60‐based composites of amphiphilic N‐vinylpyrrolidone/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers (2013)

It was found that under mixing of aqueous solutions of copolymers and toluene solutions of C 60 two types of polymer composites can be produced with different matrix structure, the fullerene content and an aggregation degree. The dimethacrylate enriched macromolecules migrate to toluene and the VP units enriched copolymer chains remain in water to form copolymer micelles and their aggregates in these media that solubilize and encapsulate the fullerene. The structure and properties of obtained polymer composites were studied by GPC with dual detection (RI and MALLS), FT‐IR, WAXS and SAXS methods. It is shown that in a composite based on N ‐vinylpyrrolidone copolymer isolated from toluene the fullerene form larger particles, compare to that isolated from water. According to SAXS, the fullerene particles in a solid copolymer are organized in spherical objects with fine coil‐like structure. The stability of the composites in water, ethanol, and chloroform was shown to depend on the original polymer matrix structure and on copolymer/fullerene ratio. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1362–1371, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Verification of Effective Retrieval Method for Anchor Text on Navigational Retrieval (2005)

We participated in NTCIR-5 WEB Navigational Retrieval Subtask(Navi-2) in order to verify the most effective retrieval method for the index of anchor texts by using a retrieval system that indexed only anchor texts instead of full texts of Web pages. We introduced retrieval methods that combine one or more of six retrieval measures: (a) anchor frequency (af), (b) reference consistency (rc), (c) query weight (qw), (d) page representativeness (rep), (e) site relevancy (sr), and (f) inverse anchor document frequency (iadf). The experimental results revealed that: (1) it could be implied that the retrieval method that used only anchor frequency for the index of anchor texts was more effective than the retrieval method for the index of only full texts of Web pages, and that (2) the retrieval method that contained sr or iadf was effective for the index of anchor texts, and that sr was more effective than iadf. Keyword: Anchor Text, Navigational Retrieval, Site Relevancy
Concepts in Genetic System Design: Optimal and Reliable Methods (2012)

Designing reliable and optimal systems is one of the key challenges in contemporary electronics. This book provides novel insights into designing reliable systems with optimal configurations using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). GAs are highly customized processes, which work with large amounts of data and simple operators to yield optimal solutions to difficult problems. This book uses abstractions at the transistor, gate and systems level to demonstrate the heuristics and challenges in the design process. The book propounds a novel technique for evolving transistor net lists directly from truth table descriptions of arbitrary digital circuits, a gate-less custom VLSI design approach. It also explores the application of GAs in finding vector pairs that cause the peak power dissipation in circuits. In a third system, the design of FIR filters with an arbitrary frequency response is demonstrated with a custom GA. Finally a fourth optimization problem outlines the design methodology of a SEU tolerant Distributed RAM using Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs) on FPGAs incorporating unused CLB BlockRAMs for high speed On-Chip memories and SEU resistant Tri-State Buffers (BUFTs) for ECC.
Botnet Attack Detection Using A Hybrid Supervised Fast-Flux Killer System (2021)

A Fast Flux Service Network (FFSN) domain name system method is a technique used on botnet that bot herders used to support malicious botnet actions to rapidly change the domain name IP addresses and to increase the life of malicious servers. While several methods for the detection of FFSN domains are suggested, they are still suffering from relatively low accuracy with the zero-day domain in particular. Throughout the current research, a system that’s deemed new is proposed. The latter system is called (the Fast Flux Killer System) and is abbreviated as (FFKS)). It allows one to have the FF-Domains “zero-day”, via a deployment built on (ADeSNN). It is a hybrid, which consists of two stages. The online phase according to the learning outcomes from the offline phase works on detecting the zero-day domains while the offline phase helps in enhancing the classification performance of the system in the online phase. This system will be compared to a previously published work that was based on a supervised detection method using the same ADeSNN algorithm to have the FFSNs domains detected, also to show better performance in detecting malicious domains. A public data set for the impacts of the hybrid ADeSNN algorithm is employed in the experiment. When hybrid ADeSNN was used over the supervised one, the experiments showed better accuracy. The detection of zero-day fast-flux domains is highly accurate (99.54%) in a mode considered as an online one.
Complex expression patterns support potential roles for maternally derived activins in the establishment of pregnancy in mouse (2006)

Maternal-fetal communications are critical for the establishment of pregnancy. Embryonic growth and differentiation factors produced by the oviduct and uterus play essential roles during the pre- and early post-implantation phases. Although several studies indicate roles for activin in embryonic development, gene-knockout studies have failed to identify a critical role in mammalian embryogenesis. We hypothesized that activin is produced by maternal tissues during the establishment of pregnancy, and thus maternally derived activin could compensate for the absence of embryonic activin in null homozygotes during critical developmental stages. We investigated the expression of inhibin alpha, activin betaA, and betaB subunits in the mouse oviduct and uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, and in the early conceptus. Inhibin alpha subunit was weakly expressed, while activin betaA and betaB subunits were strongly expressed in oviduct and uterus at estrous, and dramatically upregulated in the uterus on each day of pregnancy between days 3.5 and 8.5 post coitum. Prior to implantation, activin betaA and betaB subunits were immunolocalized to oviductal and uterine epithelial cells; following implantation they were expressed in the stroma, in a wave preceding decidualization. Later in pregnancy, activin betaA and betaB subunits were present in decidua basalis, trophoblast giant cells, and labyrinth zone of the developing placenta. Expression of activin betaA subunit was also detected in blastocysts and early post-implantation embryos. These data are consistent with a role for maternally derived activins in the support of the pre-implantation embryo, and during gastrulation and embryogenesis.
Structure of bryostatin. 4. An important antineoplastic constituent of geographically diverse Bugula neritina (Bryozoa) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of bryostatin. 4. An important antineoplastic constituent of geographically diverse Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)George R. Pettit, Yoshiaki Kamano, Cherry L. Herald, and Machiko TozawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 22, 6768–6771Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00334a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00334a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Embryogenic Callus Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2017)

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a monocotyledonous semi-perennial C4 grass of the Poaceae family. Its capacity to accumulate high content of sucrose and biomass makes it one of the most important crops for sugar and biofuel production. Conventional methods of sugarcane breeding have shown several limitations due to its complex polyploid and aneuploid genome. However, improvement by biotechnological engineering is currently the most promising alternative to introduce economically important traits. In this work, we present an improved protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of commercial sugarcane hybrids using immature top stalk-derived embryogenic callus cultures. The callus cultures are transformed with preconditioned A. tumefaciens carrying a binary vector that encodes expression cassettes for a gene of interest and the bialaphos resistance gene (bar confers resistance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicide). This protocol has been used to successfully transform a commercial sugarcane cultivar, SP80-3280, highlighting: (i) reduced recalcitrance and oxidation; (ii) high yield of embryogenic callus; (iii) improved selection; and (iv) shoot regeneration and rooting of the transformed plants. Altogether, these improvements generated a transformation efficiency of 2.2%. This protocol provides a reliable tool for a routine procedure for sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modular Three-component Delivery System Facilitates HLA Class I Antigen Presentation and CD8 + T-cell Activation Against Tumors (2015)

Cell-mediated immunotherapies have potential as stand-alone and adjuvant therapies for cancer. However, most current protocols suffer from one or more of three major issues: cost, safety, or efficacy. Here we present a nanoparticle delivery system that facilitates presentation of an immunogenic measles antigen specifically in cancer cells. The delivery system does not contain viral particles, toxins, or biologically derived material. Treatment with this system facilitates activation of a secondary immune response against cancer cells, bypassing the need to identify tumor-associated antigens or educate the immune system through a primary immune response. The delivery system consists of a stealth liposome displaying a cancer-specific targeting peptide, named H1299.3, on its exterior surface and encapsulating H250, an immunogenic human leukocyte antigen class 1 restricted peptide. This targeted-nanoparticle facilitates presentation of the H250 peptide in major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Activation is dependent on the targeting peptide, previous antigen exposure, and utilizes a novel autophagy-mediated mechanism to facilitate presentation. Treatment with this liposome results in a significant reduction of tumor growth using an aggressive LLC1 model in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. These data provide proof-of-principle for a novel cell-mediated immunotherapy that is scalable, contains no biologically derived material, and is an efficacious cancer therapy.
Large coherence length swept source for axial length measurement of the eye (2009)

We present and demonstrate a swept source with a large coherence length using a quasi-phase continuous tuning (QPCT) technique. QPCT is a method of minimizing the phase shift per round trip with respect to the tunable filter so that the resonance of lasing becomes high, resulting in high finesse of lasing during a rapid sweep. The demonstrated swept source consists of a fiber ring extended cavity laser with a diffraction grating and a polygon scanner-based tunable filter configuration. The projected beam on the diffraction grating is expanded with a multiple of beam expanders to achieve high finesse of the filter. The source demonstrated an 18 nm swept range at 1060 nm wavelength, 28 mm coherence length, and 6.2 mW peak power at a 2.5 kHz swept rate. OCT imaging results showed that a coherence length of 28 mm enables the measurement of the axial length of a pig's eye with 20 mm length in physical size.
Distributed Windings with Flux Barriers Applied to PM Wind Generators (2022)

This paper presents a new winding topology, which is basically a classical distributed winding with flux barriers in each tooth. Using the basic theory of magnetic circuits, it can be shown that this winding configuration can have much higher equivalent winding factors as the original one without flux barriers for certain harmonics. The analytical calculations are verified by appropriate FEA simulations. As an application example, the proposed winding topology is used for a 10MW PM wind generator. As reference, a wind generator with a conventional distributed winding is used. The results show that using the new winding topology leads to a significant reduction in active length. Therefore, about 20% of the magnet and 30% of the iron material can be saved compared to the reference machine.
A phase I study of XL184, a RET, VEGFR2, and MET kinase inhibitor, in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies, including pts with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) (2008)

3522 Background: XL184 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of RET, MET & VEGFR2. XL184 strongly inhibits cell proliferation in MTC cell lines harboring activated RET, & pharmacodynamic studies showed substantial inhibition of RET & MET phosphorylation in TT (MTC model) xenograft tumors. Methods: Pts received XL184 QD on Days (d) 1–5 of each 14 d cycle (5&9 schedule), or continuous QD dosing. Dosing changed from mg/kg (Cohorts [C] 1–9) to flat dosing in C10. The formulation changed from suspension to capsules in C12. Response, PK & pharmacodynamic parameters are assessed. Results: 55 pts (13 w/MTC) have been treated at 13 dose levels: 0.08 - 11.52 mg/kg, 5&9 (C1–9); 175 mg/d (C10), 265 mg/d (C11), 175 mg/d (C12), & 250 mg/d (C13). 6 DLTs include 1 report each of grade (G) 3 palmar/plantar erythema, & G 3 AST, ALT & lipase elevations at 11.52 mg/kg 5&9, and G 2 & 3 mucositis at 265 mg/d resulting in dose reduction. Prominent non-DLT toxicities include diarrhea & hypopigmentation of the hair. As of 12/3/2007, 27 of 45 pts (60%) had no XL184-related toxicity > G1. PK analysis suggests linear PK; the terminal half-life is 59–136 hrs. Analysis of plasma samples showed a trend toward increased VEGF-A & PlGF & slightly reduced sVEGFR2 levels. 22 pts have had SD ≥ 3 M including 12 pts w/SD ≥ 6 M. 3 pts w/MTC had a confirmed PR (PRc) & 1 pt w/neuroendocrine carcinoma had an unconfirmed PR. All evaluated pts w/MTC had reductions in plasma calcitonin & CEA. Data for pts w/MTC are reported in the following table: Conclusions: XL184 is generally well tolerated & dose escalation continues. The MTD cohort will be expanded to include ≥ 20 pts w/MTC. Anti-tumor activity has been observed in pts w/various cancers, including MTC. Data for Pts w/ MTC Pt # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Months on Study 17+ 14+ 10 11+ 6+ 4+ 4+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 1+ <1+ <1+ Tumor Measurements a -22 -39 NM -48 - 12 -16 -30 -14 NM 0 TEE TEE TEE Best Response SD PRc SD PRc SD SD PRc SD SD SD TEE TEE TEE Activating RET Mutation + NA + + + NA NA + + NA NA NA NA Calcitonin a -81 -96 -91 -89 - 52 -78 -83 -88 -50 -52 NA NA NA CEA a -42 -85 -51 -69 - 5 -16 -37 -19 -22 NA NA NA NA a % change from baseline was rounded to the nearest integer. NM, Non-measurable disease; TEE, too early to evaluate; NA, not available Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Exelixis Exelixis Exelixis Exelixis