gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p53 Represses Androgen-induced Transactivation of Prostate-specific Antigen by Disrupting hAR Amino- to Carboxyl-terminal Interaction (2001)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. One important regulator of PSA expression is the androgen receptor (AR), the nuclear receptor that mediates the biological actions of androgens. AR is able to up-regulate PSA expression by directly binding and activating the promoter of this gene. We provide evidence here that that this AR activity is repressed by the tumor suppressor protein p53. p53 appears to exert its inhibition of human AR (hAR) by disrupting its amino- to carboxyl-terminal (N-to-C) interaction, which is thought to be responsible for the homodimerization of this receptor. Consistent with this, p53 is also able to block hAR DNA binding in vitro. Our previous data have shown that c-Jun can mediate hAR transactivation, and this appears to result from a positive effect on hAR N-to-C interaction and DNA binding. Interestingly, c-Jun is able to relieve the negative effects of p53 on hAR transactivation, N-to-C interaction, and DNA binding, demonstrating antagonistic activities of these two proteins. Importantly, a p53 mutation found in metastatic prostate cancer severely disrupts the p53 negative activity on hAR, suggesting that the inability of p53 mutants to down-regulate hAR is, in part, responsible for the metastatic phenotype.
Re-evaluating the role of nucleosomal bivalency in early development (2021)

Abstract Nucleosomes, composed of DNA and histone proteins, represent the fundamental repeating unit of the eukaryotic genome 1 ; posttranslational modifications of these histone proteins influence the activity of the associated genomic regions to regulate cell identity 2–4 . Traditionally, trimethylation of histone 3-lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is associated with transcriptional initiation 5–10 , whereas trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3) is considered transcriptionally repressive 11–15 . The apparent juxtaposition of these opposing marks, termed “bivalent domains” 16–18 , was proposed to specifically demarcate of small set transcriptionally-poised lineage-commitment genes that resolve to one constituent modification through differentiation, thereby determining transcriptional status 19–22 . Since then, many thousands of studies have canonized the bivalency model as a chromatin hallmark of development in many cell types. However, these conclusions are largely based on chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) with significant methodological problems hampering their interpretation. Absent direct quantitative measurements, it has been difficult to evaluate the strength of the bivalency model. Here, we present reICeChIP, a calibrated sequential ChIP method to quantitatively measure H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalency genome-wide, addressing the limitations of prior measurements. With reICeChIP, we profile bivalency through the differentiation paradigm that first established this model 16,18 : from naïve mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs). Our results cast doubt on every aspect of the bivalency model; in this context, we find that bivalency is widespread, does not resolve with differentiation, and is neither sensitive nor specific for identifying poised developmental genes or gene expression status more broadly. Our findings caution against interpreting bivalent domains as specific markers of developmentally poised genes.
Fully integrated 54nm STT-RAM with the smallest bit cell dimension for high density memory application (2010)

A compact STT(Spin-Transfer Torque)-RAM with a 14F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell was integrated using modified DRAM processes at the 54nm technology node. The basic switching performance (R-H and R-V) of the MTJs and current drivability of the access transistors were characterized at the single bit cell level. Through the direct access capability and normal chip operation in our STT-RAM test blocks, the switching behavior of bit cell arrays was also analyzed statistically. From this data and from the scaling trend of STT-RAM, we estimate that the unit cell dimension below 30nm can be smaller than 8F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Guglielmo Marconi - The father of long distance radio communication - An engineer's tribute (1995)

On the occasion of the centennial, Marconi's epoch making invention and discovery that made long distance wireless communication possible, are remembered. Marconi's invention of the digital modulation of the Hertzian wireless waves and the discovery of the grounded waves that could bend to the curvature of the earth overcoming hills and obstacles, inaugurated the new revolutionary age in communication in the twentieth century. Marconi's wireless apparatus that made him the world's first microwave communication engineer is described and his work evaluated in light of the thoughts and activities of contemporary scientists.
Hyperspectral Image Superresolution by Transfer Learning (2017)

Hyperspectral image superresolution is a highly attractive topic in computer vision and has attracted many researchers' attention. However, nearly all the existing methods assume that multiple observations of the same scene are required with the observed low-resolution hyperspectral image. This limits the application of superresolution. In this paper, we propose a new framework to enhance the resolution of hyperspectral images by exploiting the knowledge from natural images: The relationship between low/high-resolution images is the same as that between low/high-resolution hyperspectral images. In the proposed framework, the mapping between low- and high-resolution images can be learned by deep convolutional neural network and be transferred to hyperspectral image by borrowing the idea of transfer learning. In addition, to study the spectral characteristic between low- and high-resolution hyperspectral image, collaborative nonnegative matrix factorization (CNMF) is proposed to enforce collaborations between the low- and high-resolution hyperspectral images, which encourages the estimated solution to extract the same endmembers with low-resolution hyperspectral image. The experimental results on ground based and remote sensing data suggest that the proposed method achieves comparable performance without requiring any auxiliary images of the same scene.
Effect of doping concentration on the performance of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers (2005)

We characterized a set of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers with identical device parameters except for the doping concentration. The δ-doping density was varied from 3.2×1010to4.8×1010cm−2. We observed that the threshold current density increased monotonically with doping. Moreover, the measured results on devices with different cavity lengths provided evidence that the free carrier absorption caused waveguide loss also increased monotonically. Interestingly, however, the observed maximum lasing temperature displayed an optimum at a doping density of 3.6×1010cm−2.
HyCo: A Low-Latency Hybrid Control Plane for Optical Interconnection Networks (2021)

Next-generation multiprocessor systems point to the integration of a large number of cores (e.g., processing and memory) where electrical networks-on-chip (eNoCs) can improve the communication performance. As the number of integrated cores increases, metallic interconnect in eNoCs becomes a bottleneck, leading to communication performance degradation and increased power consumption. Optical interconnection networks (OINs) have emerged to outperform the communication infrastructure in multiprocessor systems. Nevertheless, OINs&#x2019; full capability is curbed by high latency electrical controllers required to orchestrate and (re)configure the underlying photonic components, realizing a path between sending and receiving cores. Control techniques impose a high latency to perform the network routing, limiting the full utilization of OINs. In this paper, we design a novel low-latency Hybrid Controller (HyCo) that employs acceleration techniques to reduce its execution time. HyCo is developed based on integrating centralized and distributed control techniques as well as by using pre-calculated network routes and a Bloom filter, all of which result in a considerable reduction in HyCo&#x2019;s latency. Simulation and prototyping results for networks up to 64&#x00D7;64 indicate a latency smaller than 50 ns, in the worst-case scenario.
Factor V Leiden, pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study (2006)

FVL mutation is a significant risk factor for pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes, and MTHFR 677CT/TT genotype can further enhance the risk of stillbirth.
Primary Erythromelalgia in a Child Responding to Intravenous Lidocaine and Oral Mexiletine Treatment (2005)

Erythromelalgia is a rare, chronic, debilitating condition characterized by redness, warmth, and severe burning pain of the distal extremities. The feet are more commonly affected than the hands. Pain is precipitated by increases in temperature and by exercise. Patients often obtain relief by immersing the affected extremity in cold water. The pain is often refractory to treatment. For many patients, multiple pain medications have been useless in achieving complete relief of pain symptoms. Previous reports of erythromelalgia among adolescents indicated prolonged relief of pain with sodium nitroprusside infusions, epidural infusions of local anesthetics, or gabapentin treatment. We present a case of an 11-year-old, white, male child with primary erythromelalgia, whose initial symptoms started in his preschool years and whose childhood was marked by escalating episodes of pain with warmth and redness of his feet, precipitated especially by increases in temperature and by activity. All conventional pain management techniques had failed to relieve our patient of his symptoms, and he obtained some relief only by soaking his affected extremities in ice water. He had experienced minimal benefit from seeing a pain psychologist, who helped him develop techniques to cope with the pain. At the time of presentation, the patient's episodes of pain had increased to 15 to 20 per day, and there was evidence of chronic immersion injury to the skin of his feet. Before his most recent hospitalization, the pain had spread to involve his hands as well. The patient was overwhelmed with anxiety and could not participate in school or social activities at the time of admission. During his current hospitalization, he did show some therapeutic response to sodium nitroprusside infusion, which unfortunately had to be discontinued because of side effects and because his family desired to leave the ICU environment, which was stressful to the patient. He also had some response to lumbar epidural infusion of local anesthetics, which could not be continued because he found the motor blockade that accompanied his analgesia intolerable. However, intravenous lidocaine infusion, with subsequent transition to oral mexiletine therapy, proved very effective in reducing the frequency and severity of the pain episodes. The patient was discharged from the hospital with oral mexiletine therapy and has been monitored at the pain management clinic. He returned to and completed school, attended summer camp, and enjoys an active happy life. He walks without precipitating pain in his feet and sleeps 9 to 10 hours every night. He has needed to soak his feet on only 4 occasions in the 6 months since his discharge from the hospital. His quality of life has improved significantly. He has shown no evidence of liver toxicity, and his mexiletine levels have been stable.
Optical limiting in polystyrene embedded nanocrystals (2010)

In this work, we demonstrate the functionality of optical limiting obtained with CdTe nanocrystals embedded in polystyrene. This functionality relies on our experimentally observed large, saturable, and controlled nonlinear optical properties of CdTe nanocrystals with sizes around 2 nm, at laser wavelength of 532 nm. Our investigation is presenting an experimental proof of concept. The limiting threshold occurs at an average laser power of 10 mW. For laser beam diameter of 1 mm, the threshold intensity for this optical limiting device is ~ 1 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Sparse Bayesian Multi-Task Learning (2011)

We propose a new sparse Bayesian model for multi-task regression and classifica-tion. The model is able to capture correlations between tasks, or more specifically a low-rank approximation of the covariance matrix, while being sparse in the fea-tures. We introduce a general family of group sparsity inducing priors based on matrix-variate Gaussian scale mixtures. We show the amount of sparsity can be learnt from the data by combining an approximate inference approach with type II maximum likelihood estimation of the hyperparameters. Empirical evaluations on data sets from biology and vision demonstrate the applicability of the model, where on both regression and classification tasks it achieves competitive predictive performance compared to previously proposed methods. 1
Shuffled magnetization‐prepared multicontrast rapid gradient‐echo imaging (2017)

The proposed method can improve acquisition efficiencies for magnetization-prepared MRI and tens of multicontrast 3-dimensional images could be recovered from a single scan. Furthermore, it was robust against noise, applicable for recovering multi-exponential signals, and did not require any previous knowledge of model parameters. Magn Reson Med 79:62-70, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
2-hydroxy-3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate and 3-(4-vinylbenzyl)dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate as New Zwitterionic Monomers (2022)

Zwitterionic polymers emerge as very useful materials for applications in antifouling surfaces. The properties of these polymers can be tuned by variation of the chemical structure of the corresponding monomer. In this study, two zwitterionic ammonium sulfonate monomers bearing an hydroxyl function and a styrenic polymerizable groups were prepared in two steps. The two monomers were obtained using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride as the key precursor. The zwitterionic monomers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). These two monomers enable the preparation of novel zwitterionic polymers with enhanced hydrophilicity due to the presence of a hydroxyl group.
Use of Diclazuril for the Treatment of Isosporiasis in Patients with AIDS (1995)

Journal Article Use of Diclazuril for the Treatment of Isosporiasis in Patients with AIDS Get access Rhona N. R. Limson-Pobre, Rhona N. R. Limson-Pobre Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel Merrick, Samuel Merrick Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Gruen, David Gruen Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosemary Soave Rosemary Soave Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Rosemary Soave, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 201–202, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.1.201 Published: 01 January 1995
Metallocene antitumor agents. Solution and solid-state molybdenocene coordination chemistry of DNA constituents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallocene antitumor agents. Solution and solid-state molybdenocene coordination chemistry of DNA constituentsLouis Y. Kuo, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Michal Sabat, Andrew L. Tipton, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9027–9045Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00024a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Is Abstraction a Kind of Idea or How Conceptualization Works (2001)

In this commentary, I review papers by Ohlsson &amp; Regan (O&amp;R), van Oers, and Dreyfus, Hershkowitz, &amp; Schwarz (DH&amp;S). The papers are nominally about abstraction and learning, but emphasize different kinds of problems and levels of analysis. O&amp;R focus on mathematical, domain independent characteristics of abstract thinking, claiming that experience in a domain is not the main determinant of scientific discovery. van Oers focuses on the development of abstraction within activities, especially as a sequence of nested domains of concern. DH&amp;S emphasize how nested conceptualizations co-define and provide meaning for each other (a dialectic relation).
Value of PET imaging for radiation therapy (2021)

This comprehensive review written by experts in their field gives an overview on the current status of incorporating positron emission tomography (PET) into radiation treatment planning. Moreover, it highlights ongoing studies for treatment individualisation and per-treatment tumour response monitoring for various primary tumours. Novel tracers and image analysis methods are discussed. The authors believe this contribution to be of crucial value for experts in the field as well as for policy makers deciding on the reimbursement of this powerful imaging modality.
Vergütungssinterstahl aus mit Nickel und Molybdän legiertem Stahlpulver (1972)

Abstract Aus sinterspezifischen Gründen ist den Legierungselementen Nickel und Molybdän bei der Herstellung eines hochfesten Vergütungssinterstahls mit ausreichender Durchhärtbarkeit der Vorzug zu geben. Am Beispiel eines Stahls mit 2% Nickel und 0,5% Molybdän werden das Prinzip des Mischlegierens und der Fertiglegierung vergleichend untersucht und die technologischen Eigenschaften im gesinterten und vergüteten Zustand mitgeteilt. Hochfeste Sinterstähle verlieren im allgemeinen wegen ihrer hohen Streckgrenze und der geringen Zähigkeit ihre Kalibrierbarkeit, so daß die gegenüber anderen konkurrierenden Fertigungsverfahren engen Maßtoleranzen nicht mehr einhaltbar sind. Durch eine genaue Auswahl des Kohlenstoffgehaltes ist es jedoch möglich, den vorliegenden Sinterstahl trotz des Festigkeitsniveaus von 80 bis 90 kp/mm 2 mit hoher Maßgenauigkeit zu fertigen, wofür eine entsprechende Anleitung gegeben wird. Die unterschiedliche Gefügestruktur der Stähle aus dem Mischpulver und dem fertiglegierten Pulver werden aufgezeigt und ihr Einfluß auf die technologischen Eigenschaften beschrieben.
<title>Adaptive embedding for reduced-complexity image and video compression</title> (1998)

An embedded coding algorithm crates a compressed bit stream which can be truncated to produce reduced resolution versions of the original image. This property allows such algorithms to precisely achieve fixed bit rates, reducing or eliminating the need for rate control in video transmission applications. Furthermore, embedded bit streams have a certain degree of innate error resistance and can also be used to facilitate unequal error protection. Unfortunately, embedded compression algorithms are relatively slow. In this paper, we introduce the concept of adaptive embedding in an effort to address this problem. Such embedding increases the speed of the algorithm by reducing the number of separate resolution layers contained within the bit stream. Since it is often impossible to effectively use the many layers created by existing embedded coders, sacrificing some of them to speed up the processing may be quite acceptable. We show here that adaptive embedding increase execution speed by 28 percent for fixed-rate video compression with only a 2 percent reduction in rate-distortion performance. Finally, we also introduce an alternate form of lossless compression which increases execution speed by another 6-10 percent at the expense of reconstruction quality.
Effect of Sulfur and Other Variables on Current Collector Corrosion in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (1987)

Abstract Although molten carbonate fuel cell research has been under way for 25 years, the work done on behavior and corrosion resistance of the separator sheet is llimited. The paper points out the unique requirements of materials, in particular for the separator sheet. The materials problems created by impurities (e.g., sulfur) in the environment and the possibility of a breakaway corrosion mechanism leading to catastrophic failure of the fuel cell components that are supposed to last 40,000 h are discussed. Reviews of previous research and guidelines for material development from a basic corrosion research point of view are presented.
Prophecy and Power: Muhammad and the Qur'an in the Light of Comparison (2012)

A posthumous work by the most rigorous comparativist in her generation of Islamic studies scholars, Prophecy and Power proposes a major innovative approach to both the Prophet Muhammad and the Noble Qur’an. By the end of the ninth century the Prophet Muhammad had emerged as an intercommunal norm beyond compare, and yet the very constructedness of this model of Muhammad allows historians of religion to see how the process itself requires us to undercut the terms used. We undercut them by qualifying them with multiple meanings, both overlapping and corrective, but we also decapitalize them in order to suggest how much broader they were in earlier contexts, and how much broader they may become, or were intended to become, in later contexts.
The effect of a preconception and antenatal nutritional supplement on children's BMI and weight gain over the first 2 years of life: findings from the NiPPeR randomised controlled trial (2023)

National Institute for Health Research; New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; Société Des Produits Nestlé; UK Medical Research Council; Singapore National Research Foundation; National University of Singapore and the Agency of Science, Technology and Research; and Gravida.