gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eine mögliche Erklärung des trebsbildenden Effekts der Strahlung und einiger Kohlenwasserstoffe durch die Elektronenstruktur der Nukleinsäure (1962)

Eine mögliche Erklärung des trebsbildenden Effekts der Strahlung und einiger Kohlenwasserstoffe durch die Elektronenstruktur der Nukleinsäure was published in 3. Bericht ueber die 5. Arbeitstagung Biophysik der Physikalischen Gesellschaft in der DDR vom 15.–17. Nov. 1960 in Berlin on page 62.
EPISTEMIC ANALYSIS OF METHODS USING ELEMENTARY TRIANGULAR FUZZY NUMBERS WITH ASSOCIATED INDICATORS (2011)

The current scientific research is characterized by an advanced specialization, emphasis on increasing fragmentation of research topics. In these conditions, the most results have a low degree of comparability and complexity of the subject studied is drastically reduced. In this paper we propose an epistemic approach of the main methodologies for the quantification using triangular fuzzy numbers, emphasizing the possibilities of knowing the limits and influences entailed by the use of current techniques and the theoretical contingencies. By using indicators of centers of weight associated to fuzzy number, we try to bring into question, through a multidisciplinary approach, the new possibilities of develop and complete the portfolio of instruments which can be used for decision-making.
Computer-based data entry for nurses in the ICU. (1991)

Efforts are being made to improve the efficiency and quality of care in intensive care units (ICUs) at Latter Day Saints Hospital. The ICUs have been computerized, and the collection, storage, and presentation of patients' data have been improved. Nurses use computers for entering clinical data and plans for nursing care, and the effects of these changes on the work patterns of nurses in the ICU have been evaluated. Contrary to our expectation, our studies showed a decrease in the proportion of time that nurses spent in direct patient care (from 49.1% to 43.2%) and an increase in the proportion they spent entering clinical data (from 18.2% to 24.2%) after computerization. These changes, however, were attributed to a decrease in the severity of patients' illnesses, rather than the availability of the computer. There was no measurable difference in the proportion of time spent at other nursing activities.
Anisotropic stress in narrow sGe fin field-effect transistor channels measured using nano-focused Raman spectroscopy (2018)

The continued importance of strain engineering in semiconductor technology demands fast and reliable stress metrology that is non-destructive and process line-compatible. Raman spectroscopy meets these requirements but the diffraction limit prevents its application in current and future technology nodes. We show that nano-focused Raman scattering overcomes these limitations and can be combined with oil-immersion to obtain quantitative anisotropic stress measurements. We demonstrate accurate stress characterization in strained Ge fin field-effect transistor channels without sample preparation or advanced microscopy. The detailed analysis of the enhanced Raman response from a periodic array of 20 nm-wide Ge fins provides direct access to the stress levels inside the nanoscale channel, and the results are validated using nano-beam diffraction measurements.
Foundation Models for Decision Making: Problems, Methods, and Opportunities (2023)

Foundation models pretrained on diverse data at scale have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities in a wide range of vision and language tasks. When such models are deployed in real world environments, they inevitably interface with other entities and agents. For example, language models are often used to interact with human beings through dialogue, and visual perception models are used to autonomously navigate neighborhood streets. In response to these developments, new paradigms are emerging for training foundation models to interact with other agents and perform long-term reasoning. These paradigms leverage the existence of ever-larger datasets curated for multimodal, multitask, and generalist interaction. Research at the intersection of foundation models and decision making holds tremendous promise for creating powerful new systems that can interact effectively across a diverse range of applications such as dialogue, autonomous driving, healthcare, education, and robotics. In this manuscript, we examine the scope of foundation models for decision making, and provide conceptual tools and technical background for understanding the problem space and exploring new research directions. We review recent approaches that ground foundation models in practical decision making applications through a variety of methods such as prompting, conditional generative modeling, planning, optimal control, and reinforcement learning, and discuss common challenges and open problems in the field.
Catalytic Effect of Acetate and Phosphate Buffers on the Iodination of Tyrosine (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Effect of Acetate and Phosphate Buffers on the Iodination of TyrosineChoh Hao LiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 2, 228–230Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01230a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01230a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
P73 gene expression in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. (2000)

Thep73 gene, a homology of p53, is a new candidate of imprinting and tumor suppressor gene. To investigate the role of p73 in ovarian cancer, we studied the allelic expression in 56 cases of ovarian cancer using StyI polymorphism analysis. We also examined p73 expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR as well as by Western blot analysis and DNA methylation study of the CpG island in exon 1 in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Loss of heterozygosity was found in 8.3% (2 of 24) of the cases. Biallelic expression was demonstrated in 91.7% (22 of 24) of the tumor samples, in 70.8% (17 of 24) of the normal samples, and in 1 ovarian cancer cell line. Imbalanced expression and monoallelic expression were found in three and two pairs of matched samples, respectively. Overexpression of p73 was found in advanced ovarian cancer rather than in early-stage disease or in borderline ovarian tumor. No significant difference was found in the p53 expression. Three cell lines with absent p73 protein expression and one tumor sample with monoallelic expression were methylated in the CpG island. Demethylation in SKOV3 cell line using 5-azacytidine can reactivate the expression of this gene in both the mRNA and the protein level. Our results indicated that p73 was not imprinted in most of the ovarian cancer and normal tissues, but it could be involved in the advanced ovarian cancer through overexpression. DNA methylation may contribute to the lack of p73 expression.
THE CEREBROGRAM AND THE SPINAL CORDOGRAM (1972)

THE CEREBROGRAM AND THE SPINAL CORDOGRAMDEREK C. HARWOOD-NASH, M.B., CH.B., F.R.C.P.(C)Audio Available | Share
Development of Highly Sensitive Sodium Leak Detection Technology by Means of Laser for Fast Reactor : Fundamental Experiments for Atomization and Resonance Ionization of Sodium and Design of Prototype Sodium Detection System(Fast Reactor,<Special Issue>Power and Energy System Symposium) (2009)

In a sodium-cooled fast reactor, highly sensitive technology is required to detect a sodium leak from the cooling system piping or components. Conventional sodium leak detectors have difficulty in measuring small amounts of sodium leak because of the presence of salinity in the atmosphere. In order to overcome this problem, an innovative technology has been developed to selectively detect the radioactive sodium of the primary cooling system using Laser Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS). This research and development program consists of investigating the detection process of sodium aerosol by RIMS, manufacturing the prototype sodium detection system, and testing its function using an actual radioactive sodium sample, which will be taken from the experimental fast reactor Joyo. The conceptual design of the prototype system and the results obtained from fundamental experiments are shown in this paper.
Wind-optimal lateral trajectories for a multirotor aircraft in urban air mobility (2022)

The primary motivation for this paper is to quantify the operational benefits (energy consumption and flight duration) of flying wind-optimal lateral trajectories for short flights (less than 60 miles) anticipated in the urban environment. The optimal control model presented includes a wind model for quantifying the effect of wind on the lateral trajectory. The optimal control problem is numerically solved using the direct collocation method. Energy consumption and flight duration flying wind-optimal lateral trajectories are compared with corresponding values obtained flying great-circle paths between the same origin and destination pairs to determine the operational benefits of wind-optimal routing for short flights. The flight duration results for different scenarios are validated using a simulation tool designed and developed at NASA for exploring advanced air traffic management concepts. This research study suggests that for short flights in an urban environment, operational benefits of the wind-optimal lateral trajectories over the corresponding great-circle trajectories in terms of energy consumption and flight duration per flight are dependent on: i) wind field’s spatial variability, ii) wind magnitude, iii) the direction of route relative to the wind field, and iv) cruise segment length. The operational benefits observed in realistic flyable wind scenarios are less than 2.5%; these could be translated to an equivalent of a maximum of 2 min of cruise flight duration savings in the urban air mobility environment. As expected, headwinds and tailwinds along the flight route most significantly impact energy consumption and flight duration.
Maxwell-Bloch formulation for semiconductors: Effects of coherent Coulomb exchange (1995)

A generalized Bloch-Maxwell formulation for laser-field-coupled semiconductors is derived from a two-band model which includes direct Coulomb interactions. The momentum-dependent, microscopic, electron-hole equations of motion in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation and neglecting interband exchange interactions form the starting point for the formulation. A self-consistent set of coupled equations in four dynamical variables for the medium, together with the electric-field amplitude coupled through the Maxwell wave equation in a semiclassical approximation, are obtained to lowest order in the coherent Coulomb exchange interaction and the density-of-states distribution. Intrinsic optical bistability is predicted in a steady state due to a carrier density-dependent redshift of the band edge due explicitly to coherent Coulomb exchange. Integration of the dynamical equations for conditions which correspond to the ultrafast time regime exhibit intrinsic adiabatic inversion, adiabatic following, anomalous Rabi cycling, and unique, as well as fast, optical switching, all of which depend upon the coherent Coulomb exchange interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Synthesis of the Vancomycin Antibiotics. Synthesis of Orienticin C (Bis‐dechlorovancomycin) Aglycon (I). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantification of Extensional Uncertainty of Segmented Image Objects by Random Sets (2011)

Investigations in data quality and uncertainty modeling are becoming key topics in geoinformation science. This paper models a collection of outcomes from a standard segmentation algorithm as a random set. It quantifies extensional uncertainties of extracted objects using statistical characteristics of random sets. The approach is applied to a synthetic data set and vegetation patches in the Poyang Lake area in China. These patches are of interest as they have both sharp and vague boundaries. Results show that random sets provide useful spatial information on uncertainties using their basic parameters like the mean, level sets, and variance. The number of iterations to achieve a stable covering function and the sum of the variances are good indicators of boundary sharpness. The coefficient of variation has a positive relation with the degree of uncertainty. An asymmetry ratio reflects the uneven gradual changes along different directions where broad boundaries exist. This paper shows that several characteristics of extensional uncertainty of segmented objects can be quantified numerically and spatially by random sets.
Intranasal immunization with influenza antigens conjugated with cholera toxin subunit B stimulates broad spectrum immunity against influenza viruses (2014)

Frequent mutation of influenza viruses keep vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations vulnerable to new infections, causing serious burdens to public health and the economy. Vaccination with universal influenza vaccines would be the best way to effectively protect people from infection caused by mismatched or unforeseen influenza viruses. Presently, there is no FDA approved universal influenza vaccine. In this study, we expressed and purified a fusion protein comprising of influenza matrix 2 protein ectodomain peptides, a centralized influenza hemagglutinin stem region, and cholera toxin subunit B. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with this novel artificial antigen resulted in potent humoral immune responses, including induction of specific IgA and IgG, and broad protection against infection by multiple influenza viruses. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that when used as a mucosal antigen, cholera toxin subunit B improved antigen-stimulated T cell and memory B cell responses.
Mysticete (baleen whale) relationships based upon the sequence of the common cetacean DNA satellite. (1992)

The genomes of all extant cetaceans are characterized by the presence of the so-called common cetacean DNA satellite. In the mysticetes (whalebone whales) the repeat length of the satellite is 1,760 bp. In the odontocetes (toothed whales), other than the family Delphinidae, the repeat length is usually approximately 1,740 bp. The Delphinidae are characterized by a repeat length of approximately 1,580 bp. It has been shown in odontocetes that the satellite evolves in concert and that differences between species, with respect to the sequence of the satellite, correspond reasonably well to their evolutionary distances. In the present study the sequence of the satellite was determined in three repeats in each of seven mysticete species, and a consensus for each species established. Parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses based upon sequences of all repeats showed that the primary evolutionary distinction among the mysticetes is between the Balaenidae sensu stricto (i.e., the bowhead whale and the right whale) and all remaining species, including the pygmy right whale, a species that usually has been included in the Balaenidae. The comparisons also showed that the humpback whale and the gray whale were approximately equidistant from the blue whale and the fin whale (genus Balaenoptera). Concerted evolution of the satellite was also demonstrated among the mysticetes, but it appeared to evolve more slowly in the mysticetes than in the odontocetes.
Efficient Propagation of Highly Aspheric Wavefronts for Computational Imaging (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. R. Fienup, "Efficient Propagation of Highly Aspheric Wavefronts for Computational Imaging," in Frontiers in Optics 2009/Laser Science XXV/Fall 2009 OSA Optics & Photonics Technical Digest, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper FThX5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
2 μm InGaSb/GaSb laterally coupled distributed feedback laser fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (2010)

We report the development of a nanoimprint lithography patterning method and inductively coupled plasma etching recipe designed for GaSb-based semiconductor materials. The developed processes were used to fabricate edge-emitting ridge-waveguide lasers and laterally-coupled distributed feedback lasers operating at 1945 nm. For ridge-waveguide laser with 1 mm cavity length, a threshold current of 32 mA was measured. Side-mode suppression ratio in excess of 30 dB was measured for the distributed feedback lasers with 2 mW output power and the output wavelength was temperature-tunable with a tuning coefficient of 0.16 nm /&deg;C.
Fuzzy control of vibration of a smart CFRP laminated beam (2000)

In the present study, the fuzzy control of vibration is investigated for a hybrid smart composite beam actuated by piezoceramics and electro-rheological fluids (ERFs) actuators. A carbon fiber reinforced plastics cantilevered beam containing ERF with bonded piezoceramics is vibrated under forced sinusoidal external excitation. A fuzzy model of the controlled element containing two actuators is formed because the application of a linear control theory to the vibration control is difficult due to intense nonlinearity in the ERF actuator. The parameters of the fuzzy model are identified by using a hybrid neuro-fuzzy system. The fuzzy controller for vibration suppression of the composite beam designed is based on the fuzzy model by using modern control theory. The effect of the vibration control system with a fuzzy controller is verified by simulation and experiment.
Doping of MBE grown cubic GaN on 3C-SiC (001) by CBr[sub 4] (2010)

We report on carbon doping of cubic GaN by CBr4 using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy on 3C‐SiC (001) substrates. The samples consist of a 70 nm thick GaN buffer followed by a 550 nm thick GaN:C layer. Carbon doping is realized with a home‐made carbon tetrabromide sublimation source. The CBr4 beam equivalent pressure was established by a needle valve and was varied between 2×10−9 mbar and 6×10−6 mbar. The growth was controlled by in‐situ reflection high energy electron diffraction. The incorporated carbon concentration is obtained from secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Capacitance voltage characteristics were measured using metal‐insulator‐semiconductor structures. Capacitance voltage measurements on nominally undoped cubic GaN showed n‐type conductivity with ND‐NA = 1×1017 cm−3. With increasing CBr4 flux the conductivity type changes to p‐type and for the highest CBr4 flux NA‐ND = 4⋅5×1018 cm−3 was obtained.
Relapse Associated with Active Disease Caused by Beijing Strain ofMycobacterium tuberculosis1 (2009)

The role of microbial factors in outcomes of tuberculosis treatment has not been well studied. We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association between a Beijing strain and tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Isolates from patients with culture-positive treatment failure (n = 8) or relapse (n = 54) were compared with isolates from randomly selected controls (n = 296) by using spoligotyping. Patients with Beijing strains had a higher risk for relapse (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-4.0, p = 0.04) but not for treatment failure. Adjustment for factors previously associated with relapse had little effect on the association between Beijing strains and relapse. Beijing strains were strongly associated with relapse among Asian-Pacific Islanders (OR 11, 95% CI 1.1-108, p = 0.04). Active disease caused by a Beijing strain was associated with increased risk for relapse, particularly among Asian-Pacific Islanders.
STWnet: a high bandwidth space-time-wavelength multiplexed optical switching network (1997)

We propose STWnet, a self-routing high bandwidth optical network architecture for interconnecting users, grouped together as g groups with w users per group. STWnet uses the three dimensions of space, time, and wavelength by combining the advantages of space and temporal switching with the benefits of wavelength parallel data transmissions. Technologically difficult switching of individual wavelengths is avoided by prearranging transmissions in a way that they can be switched in a wavelength insensitive manner. Wavelengths are reused within the network thus allowing for a larger switching fabric. The proposed architecture can be internally expanded either in the spatial or temporal dimension to allow for multiple packets to be delivered to the same destination group. The expansion factor is determined based on the group knockout principle and given typical traffic patterns is a small number. STWnet allows easy group to group multicasting and broadcasting while system-wide multicasts and broadcasts can be achieved through repetitive group-to-group transmissions. The network uses readily available components such as opto-electronic directional couplers, fixed wavelength transmitters, and diffraction based parallel receivers while avoiding the use of relatively slow and expensive tunable components.
Development of a Partial Blockage Detection Algorithm through Temperature Fluctuation Analyses in a Liquid Metal Reactor (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.