gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels as Targets for Analgesics (2005)

Management of pain is an essential aspect of medicine; however, current therapies are frequently insufficient owing to severe side effects or limited effectiveness. Therefore, the discovery of new analgesics is needed, especially to treat the proportion of painful patients poorly improved by available analgesics. The transmission of nociceptive stimuli in primary afferent neurons critically depends on a peculiar repertoire of various types of ion channels such as a number of TRP channels, persistent sodium channels, inwardly rectifying potassium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels that either detect noxious stimuli, or regulate cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. Moreover, some of these channels are redistributed and upregulated in pathological states leading to abnormal detection or transmission of harmful stimuli, and consequently lead to states of chronic pain. Hence, these channels are considered key targets for the development of analgesics. The nervous system expresses multiple types of calcium channels with specialized roles in neurophysiology. Here, we review the role of these channels and their accessory subunits in nociceptive signaling, and their potential as targets for development of innovative analgesics.
Photoelectron resonance capture ionization mass spectrometry: a soft ionization source for mass spectrometry of particle‐phase organic compounds (2004)

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) is a soft and sensitive ionization method, based on the attachment of low-energy (<1 eV) photoelectrons to organic analyte molecules. PERCI has been developed in our laboratory for the real-time analysis of organic particles by mass spectrometry, and is employed here to monitor the heterogeneous reaction of ozone with oleic acid. Simplified identification of the reaction products is possible as a result of the soft nature of PERCI, giving predominantly the [M--H](-) ions. The major particle-phase products are identified as: 1-nonanal, nonanoic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, and azelaic acid, consistent with proposed mechanisms. New insight into this well-studied heterogeneous reaction is gained as additional minor particle-phase products, consistent with the Criegee mechanism, are readily detected.
Effective semantic search using thematic similarity (2013)

Most existing semantic search systems expand search keywords using domain ontology to deal with semantic heterogeneity. They focus on matching the semantic similarity of individual keywords in a multiple-keywords query; however, they ignore the semantic relationships that exist among the keywords of the query themselves. The systems return less relevant answers for these types of queries. More relevant documents for a multiple-keywords query can be retrieved if the systems know the relationships that exist among multiple keywords in the query. The proposed search methodology matches patterns of keywords for capturing the context of keywords, and then the relevant documents are ranked according to their pattern relevance score. A prototype system has been implemented to validate the proposed search methodology. The system has been compared with existing systems for evaluation. The results demonstrate improvement in precision and recall of search.
Provision of cardiovascular protection by ACE inhibitors:a review of recent trials (2004)

This paper reports the rationale for the cardiovascular protective effects of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and reviews the overall results of recent randomized clinical trials. ACEI improve the vasoconstrictive/vasodilatory balance by blocking the formation of angiotensin II and preventing the degradation of bradykinin. In vitro, animal and human experimental studies have shown that ACEI have several properties: They promote vasodilation, limit neurohormonal activation and vasoconstriction during ischemia, improve endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress, slow down the development of atherosclerosis; improve fibrinolytic balance, inhibit platelet activation and reverse negative vascular remodelling. Previous trials have shown that ACEI reduced cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. These findings have recently been extended to trials using lipophilic ACEI with high affinity for tissue ACE i.e. those most likely to have high antiatherosclerotic efficacy. In PROGRESS (n = 6105), a perindopril-based regimen reduced recurrent stroke by 28% and substantially reduced cardiac outcomes among individuals with cerebrovascular disease. In HOPE (n = 9297), ramipril reduced the composite outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident) by 22% in patients with high cardiovascular risk. EUROPA (n = 12 218) showed that perindopril reduced cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest by 20% in coronary artery disease patients whatever their level of risk. The central role of long-acting lipophilic ACEI for cardiovascular protection has been clearly established and they should now be considered as a routine treatment for secondary prevention as aspirin, beta blockers and statins.
Recent Researches for Diatom as Inorganic and Bioenvironmental Materials (2014)

One of the most abundant microalgaes, diatom is characterized by its unique cell wall structures composed of nano-patterned silica. Due to its highly ordered porosity, these silica frustules, which are found as sediments called diatomite, were used as a cheap adsorption material for water purification. Recently, new emerging nanotechnology compels many researchers to have interest in such diatom's unique properties (eg, nano-scale mesoporosity, photo luminescence, light transparency, etc.) as biogenic inorganic materials as well as the biomass resource (conventional usage of microalgae). In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge about the diatoms research and the possibility of its applications.
A Novel Metric for mMIMO Base Station Association for Aerial Highway Systems (2023)

In this article, we introduce a new metric for driving the serving cell selection process of a swarm of cellular connected unmanned aerial vehicles (CCUAVs) located on aerial highways when served by a massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) terrestrial network. Selecting the optimal serving cell from several suitable candidates is not straightforward. By solely relying on the traditional cell selection metric, based on reference signal received power (RSRP), it is possible to result in a scenario in which the serving cell can not multiplex an appropriate number of CCUAVs due to the high correlation in the line of sight (LoS) channels. To overcome such issue, in this work, we introduce a new cell selection metric to capture not only signal strength, but also spatial multiplexing capabilities. The proposed metric highly depends on the relative position between the aerial highways and the antennas of the base station. The numerical analysis indicates that the integration of the proposed new metric allows to have a better signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) performance on the aerial highways, resulting in a more reliable cellular connection for CCUAVs.
Laser linewidth determination in the sub-Megahertz range using a Brillouin fibre laser (1996)

The Brillouin fibre laser has experimentally demonstrated its suitability for the measurement of laser linewidth in the 1 kHz to 500 kHz frequency range. A major advantage of this system is to be widely independent of the source wavelength by generating the uncorrelated reference signal at a fixed frequency below the source under test. This solution is simple and affordable, since it only requires widely available standard optical supplies. The measured spectra of a compact diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and a spectrally-narrowed semiconductor laser are shown
A novel cause of inappropriate subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies after a generator change (2021)

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) effectively prevent deaths resulting from ventricular tachyarrhythmias.1,2 Because of complications and lead failures associated with transvenous ICD systems, an entirely extravascular subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) was developed.3 A large, multicenter, randomized trial suggested that the S-ICD was noninferior to traditional transvenous ICD systems with respect to delivering appropriate therapy, avoiding inappropriate therapy, and avoiding device-related complications,4 although the interpretation of these data has been questioned.
Morphological, Pathological, and Genetic Differentiation ofDidymella bryoniaeandPhomaspp. Isolated from Cucurbits (1995)

Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum), which causes gummy stem blight of cucurbits, occurs throughout the eastern United States. Other Phoma spp., such as P. exigua, also have been reported to cause symptoms of gummy stem blight. Twenty-seven isolates provisionally identified as D. bryoniae or Phoma spp. were obtained from diseased watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash grown in South Carolina, New York, and Florida. D. bryoniae was clearly distinguished from Phoma after 7 days of growth on quarter-strength potato-dextrose agar at 24 C with a 12-h photoperiod. D. bryoniae produced white aerial mycelium, olivaceous green substrate mycelium, and few pycnidia; Phoma produced sparse aerial mycelium and numerous pycnidia, sometimes in concentric zones. The percent monoseptate conidia for D. bryoniae isolates ranged from 0 to 18%, whereas no Phoma isolate produced any septate conidia. Seventeen of 19 D. bryoniae isolates were pathogenic on watermelon cv. Charleston Gray and cantaloupe cv. Classic; all eight isolates of Phoma and two isolates of D. bryoniae were nonpathogenic. Genomic DNA was extracted from all 27 isolates described above plus two additional isolates of D. bryoniae from New York and one from Florida. DNA was amplified using PCR primed with random oligonucleotide decamers. RAPD amplification patterns clearly differentiated D. bryoniae from Phoma. Each of five primers used produced two to four amplified fragments that were unique either to all D. bryoniae or to all Phoma isolates. Thirteen additional fragments were present in all D. bryoniae isolates except two of the three isolates from New York
Melatonin exhibits antioxidant properties in a mouse brain slice model of excitotoxicity (2002)

These results support the hypothesis that melatonin is a neuroprotective antioxidant. Our data also suggest that 1 mM melatonin may have detrimental effects.
Transport of Eimeria necatrix Sporozoites in the Chicken: Effects of Irritants Injected Intraperitoneally (1987)

Light and electron microscopic observations confirmed that Eimeria necatrix sporozoites first enter villous epithelial cells of the chicken small intestine and are transported to the crypts by mononuclear cells. Ultrastructurally, these cells resemble granulated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) rather than macrophages, as suggested previously. The injection of chickens intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a variety of irritants, including proteose peptone, at the time of oocyst inoculation or up to 12 hr postinoculation (PI) resulted in a delay in the arrival of sporozoites at the crypt. Significantly fewer sporozoites had arrived at the crypt by 24 hr PI in i.p.-injected birds as compared to controls. This delay in the arrival of sporozoites at the crypts was reflected by a delay in the development of intestinal lesions and in peak oocyst production. However, there was no significant decrease in the total numbers of oocysts produced by these birds as compared to controls, indicating that no significant loss of sporozoites occurs during the possible rerouting of the parasites. The presence of infective stages in extraintestinal sites was detected by transferring various tissues to coccidia-free recipients. Infection was transferable by gut, liver, and spleen from irritant-injected and control birds at all time intervals studied (12, 24, 36, and 48 hr PI). Infection was also transferable with blood and kidney, but not consistently. A small number of oocysts was passed by the recipients of peritoneal wash from irritant-injected birds at 12 hr PI. In all transfers, the prepatent period was normal, suggesting that the migrant stages are sporozoites.
Activation of the Notch‑Nox4‑reactive oxygen species signaling pathway induces cell death in high glucose‑treated human retinal endothelial cells (2018)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs in almost all patients with diabetes and remains as one of the major causes of vision loss worldwide. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DR remain elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the role and association of Notch signaling and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4)‑mediated oxidative stress in high glucose (HG)‑treated retinal cells. Human retinal endothelial cells were cultured for various durations in RPMI‑1640 medium containing 30 mM glucose (HG) or 30 mM mannitol (MN) as an osmotic control; apoptotic cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed, respectively. Alterations in the expression profiles of Nox and Notch proteins were evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Knockdown of Nox4 and recombination signal‑binding protein J (RBPj) was generated by transfection with specific small interfering (siRNA). Persistent activation of Notch signaling was induced via the overexpression of Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In the present study, time‑dependent increases in ROS production and cell death were detected in HG‑treated cells. Depletion of ROS by diphenyleneiodonium decreased HG‑induced cell death, and suppressed increases in caspase 3 activity and B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein levels. In HG‑treated cells, Nox4 expression was upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels, and inhibition of Nox4 by GKT137831 or knockdown of expression by siRNA Nox4 significantly reduced ROS levels and cell death. In the presence of HG, Notch1 expression levels were elevated, and increased NICD abundance was detected in whole cell lysates and nuclear fractions. Additionally, HG‑induced cell death was decreased by treatment with γ‑secretase inhibitor (GSI), but increased via the overexpression of NICD. The application of GSI or knockdown of RBPj by siRNA RBPj prevented increases in Nox4 expression within HG‑treated cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated that Nox4‑mediated ROS serves an important role in HG‑induced retinal cell damage, in which the activation of Notch signaling may be responsible for Nox4 upregulation. Therefore, inhibition of Notch signaling or Nox4 expression may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in patients with DR.
Modification of plant Rac/Rop GTPase signalling using bacterial toxin transgenes (2012)

Bacterial protein toxins which modify Rho GTPase are useful for the analysis of Rho signalling in animal cells, but these toxins cannot be taken up by plant cells. We demonstrate in vitro deamidation of Arabidopsis Rop4 by Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) and glucosylation by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Expression of the catalytic domain of CNF1 caused modification and activation of co-expressed Arabidopsis Rop4 GTPase in tobacco leaves, resulting in hypersensitive-like cell death. By contrast, the catalytic domain of toxin B modified and inactivated co-expressed constitutively active Rop4, blocking the hypersensitive response caused by over-expression of active Rops. In transgenic Arabidopsis, both CNF1 and toxin B inhibited Rop-dependent polar morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells. Toxin B expression also inhibited Rop-dependent morphogenesis of root hairs and trichome branching, and resulted in root meristem enlargement and dwarf growth. Our results show that CNF1 and toxin B transgenes are effective tools in Rop GTPase signalling studies.
Becoming homeless (2018)

In this immersive virtual reality experience, spend days in the life of someone who can no longer afford a home. Attempt to save your home and to protect yourself and your belongings as you walk in another's shoes, facing the adversity of living with diminishing resources.
Rendering One Autolysis Site in Bacillus Subtilis Neutral Protease Resistant to Cleavage Reveals a New Fission (1998)

Autolytic degradation of the thermolysin-like proteinase of Bacillus subtilis (TLP-sub) is responsible for the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme at elevated temperatures. Previously we have reported five cleavage sites in TLP-sub [Van den Burg et al. (1990) Biochem. J. 272, 93-97]. In an attempt to render the enzyme less susceptible to autolytic breakdown, one of the fission sites, located between Leu-156 and Ile-157, was modified by replacing Ile-157, C-terminally located with respect to the fission site, by an Asp residue. Aspartic acid is less preferred at this position with respect to the substrate preference of TLP-sub. Modelling studies indicated that this mutation was unlikely to cause conformational changes in the enzyme. Although the 156-157 fission was not observed in the mutant enzyme, a new fission site, between Gly-148 and Val-149, was now observed.
Hyperbolic umbilic and E_6 diffraction catastrophes associated with the secondary rainbow of oblate water drops: observations with laser illumination (1994)

Previous observations of oblate drops of water illuminated perpendicular to their axis of symmetry exhibit catastrophe patterns near the primary-rainbow scattering angle [see, e.g., Appl. Opt. 30, 3468 (1991). The present research concerns observation of diffraction catastrophes near the secondary-rainbow scattering angle under similar experimental conditions. Illumination with laser light exhibits similar caustic structures in the secondary rainbow including the hyperbolic umbilic focal section and the E(6) or symbolic umbilic focal section. The range of drop aspect ratios explored includes aspect ratios as small as those found for freely falling drops in air as well as highly flattened drops. The new features of the secondary rainbow occur for highly flattened drops.
Does the ICU experience predict psychological symptoms in relatives of patients with severe sepsis and end-of-life decisions? (2013)

Background: Reliable surveillance methods are indispensable for benchmarking of healthcare-associated infection rates. The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) recently introduced surveillance of ventilator-associated events (VAE), including ventilator-associated conditions (VAC) [1]. This new algorithm is amenable to automated implementation and strives for more consistent interpretation. We assess the feasibility and reliability of automated implementation. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of an ICU cohort with prospective assessment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in two academic medical centers (January 2011 to June 2012). The algorithm was electronically implemented as specified by the NHSN using minuteto-minute ventilator data. Two minor modifications were developed to improve stability and comparability with manual surveillance (10th percentile and intermittent ventilation). Concordance was assessed between the algorithms and prospective surveillance. Attributable mortality of VAC was estimated by multivariable competing-risk survival analysis. Results: Two thousand and eighty patients contributed 2,296 episodes of mechanical ventilation (MV). VAC incidence was 10.0/1,000 MV days. Prospective surveillance identified 8 VAP cases/1,000 MV days. The original VAC algorithm detected 32% (38/115) of patients affected by VAP; positive predictive value was 25% (38/152). Using the 10th percentile identified the same number of VAC cases, but only 116 were identical. VAC incidence was 24.9/1,000 MV days with the intermittent ventilation modification. Concordance between the original algorithm and the modified versions was suboptimal. Estimates of attributable mortality varied by implementation: original VAC subdistribution hazard ratio (sdHR) = 4.33, 10th percentile sdHR = 6.26 and intermittent ventilation sdHR = 2.40. Conclusions: Concordance between manual VAP surveillance and the VAE algorithm was poor. Although electronic implementation of the VAE algorithm was feasible, small variations considerably altered the events detected and their effect on mortality. Using the current specifications, comparability across institutions using different electronic or manual implementations remains questionable.
Electrocapillarity and zero-frequency differential capacitance at the interface between mercury and ionic liquids measured using the pendant drop method (2015)

The structure of ionic liquids (ILs) at the electrochemical IL|Hg interface has been studied using the pendant drop method. From the electrocapillarity (potential dependence of interfacial tension) differential capacitance (Cd) at zero frequency (in other words, static differential capacitance or differential capacitance in equilibrium) has been evaluated. The potential dependence of zero-frequency Cd at the IL|Hg interface exhibits one or two local maxima near the potential of zero charge (Epzc), depending on the cation of the ILs. For 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, an IL with the cation having a short alkyl chain, the Cdvs. potential curve has one local maximum whereas another IL, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, with the cation having a long alkyl chain, shows two maxima. These behaviors of zero-frequency Cd agree with prediction by recent theoretical and simulation studies for the electrical double layer in ILs. At negative and positive potentials far from Epzc, the zero-frequency Cd increases for both the ILs studied. The increase in zero-frequency Cd is attributable to the densification of ionic layers in the electrical double layer.
Dickkopf-1 regulates bone formation in young growing rodents and upon traumatic injury (2011)

The physiological role of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) during postnatal bone growth in rodents and in adult rodents was examined utilizing an antibody to Dkk1 (Dkk1-Ab) that blocked Dkk1 binding to both low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and Kremen2, thereby preventing the Wnt inhibitory activity of Dkk1. Treatment of growing mice and rats with Dkk1-Ab resulted in a significant increase in bone mineral density because of increased bone formation. In contrast, treatment of adult ovariectomized rats did not appreciably impact bone, an effect that was associated with decreased Dkk1 expression in the serum and bone of older rats. Finally, we showed that Dkk1 plays a prominent role in adult bone by mediating fracture healing in adult rodents. These data suggest that, whereas Dkk1 significantly regulates bone formation in younger animals, its role in older animals is limited to pathologies that lead to the induction of Dkk1 expression in bone and/or serum, such as traumatic injury.