gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusion of ETV6 to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a t(4;12)(p16;p13) chromosomal translocation. (2001)

Fusions of the ETV6/TEL gene to receptor or protein tyrosine kinases (TKs), such as PDGFRbeta, JAK2, ABL, ABL2, TRKC, and Syk, have been reported in various hematological malignancies. Expression of the resultant chimeric proteins is believed to lead to constitutive TK activity through activation by the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain of ETV6. We identified a novel ETV6 partner gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), in a patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a t(4;12)(p16;p13) translocation. The ETV6-FGFR3 transcript showed a fusion of exon 5 of ETV6 to exon 10 of FGFR3, resulting in an open reading frame for a chimeric protein consisting of the HLH domain of ETV6 and the TK domains of FGFR3. This is the first report of ETV6 and FGFR3 involvement in PTCL.
Auction Based Spectrum Trading for Cognitive Radio Networks (2013)

In this letter, we consider the shared used model in cognitive radio networks and design a spectrum trading method to maximize the total satisfaction of the Secondary Users (SUs) and revenue of the Wireless Service Provider (WSP). In our design, we consider the risk of imperfect spectrum sensing which causes the SUs miss the presence of licensed users and interfere with them. Taking into account this risk, we first propose a multi-unit sequential sealed-bid first-price auction to optimize the payoff of each SU. Then, we derive an expression for the total revenue of WSP and maximize it by optimizing the sensing time. Our results demonstrate that the proposed auction-based spectrum trading method brings better revenue than its counterparts.
BALAdIN for blockchain-based 5G networks (2019)

In this article, we highlight a novel solution for densifying 5G access networks. Taking benefits from local actors and prosumers, our proposal allows offering a better connectivity to end-users in a model involving network operators and a crowd of local actors. We show that building a multi-actors and densified access network infrastructure has become possible in a distributed way. Incumbent actors with a large footprint act as trusted partners securing the infrastructure and providing guarantees, while the crowd of local actors deploys multiple access points and are rewarded for their contribution. Rewarding is possible thanks to a distributed Bandwidth & Identity ledger along with a Proof of Bandwidth (PoB) mechanism. This article presents the main principles of this new connectivity platform, BALAdIN (Bandwidth Ledger AccountIng Networks), which relies on a consortium blockchain with access control mechanisms removing communitarian Wifi and ad hoc networks drawbacks. Indeed, combining distributed ledgers and edge networks allows local actors to cooperate with trusted parties, which leverages the full potential of multi-actors access networks.
Analysis of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase at the Interface between a Graphite Negative Electrode and a Diluted Solvate Ionic Liquid-Based Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte (2020)

The formation and growth mechanism of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a graphite-based negative electrode was investigated to enhance the cycle life of lithium ion batteries with a quasi-solid state electrolyte (QSE). In a QSE, liquid constituents including solvate ionic liquid (SIL), diluting solvent, and additives are quasi-solidified on surface of silica particles, which ensures the safety of a 100 Wh class laminated cell. For the SIL, an equimolar complex composed of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA), was utilized. Propylene carbonate (PC) was used as diluting solvent to enhance the ionic conductivity of the SIL. Vinylene carbonate (VC) additive was introduced to form a robust SEI for inhibiting the reductive decomposition of G4 and PC. Nuclear magnetic resonance and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the decompositions of LiTFSA, PC, and G4 contributed to the SEI formation at the initial charge. During charge-discharge cycles, continuous decompositions of G4 and PC were a major reason for the SEI growth. To suppress the decomposition, charging at a low rate was introduced at beginning of the initial charge to enhance the VC decomposition and the robust SEI formation. Consequently, the decomposition of the QSE was inhibited, which enhanced its cycle life.
A multi-block scheme for searching source codes (2010)

The large amounts of software source code projects available on the Internet or within companies are creating new information retrieval challenges. Present-day source code search engines, such as Google Code Search, tend to treat source code as pure text, as they do with web pages. However, source code files differ from web pages or pure text files in that each file may contain certain blocks expressing different functions. Developers use API-statements to complete functions within a source file and use comments to indicate the meaning of each function. In this paper, we segment source code files into two types of block, code-data block and metadata block, that possess different stemming and stop word filtering processes used in building the source code index. Finally, we propose an auto block-specified query processing approach to assist users in searching for specific code block within a source file. Experimental results indicate that our approach provides a more flexible source code search mechanism that allows a greater number of relevant items to be found.
Determination of preferential binding sites for anti-dsRNA antibodies on double-stranded RNA by scanning force microscopy (2000)

The monoclonal anti-dsRNA antibody J2 binds double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) in an apparently sequence-nonspecific way. The mAb only recognizes antigens with double-stranded regions of at least 40 bp and its affinity to poly(A) poly(U) and to dsRNAs with mixed base pair composition is about tenfold higher than to poly(I) poly(C). Because no specific binding site could be determined, the number, the exact dimensions, and other distinct features of the binding sites on a given antigen are difficult to evaluate by biochemical methods. We therefore employed scanning force microscopy (SFM) as a method to analyze antibody-dsRNA interaction and protein-RNA binding in general. Several in vitro-synthesized dsRNA substrates, generated from the Dictyostelium PSV-A gene, were used. In addition to the expected sequence-nonspecific binding, imaging of the complexes indicated preferential binding of antibodies to the ends of dsRNA molecules as well as to certain internal sites. Analysis of 2,000 bound antibodies suggested that the consensus sequence of a preferential internal binding site is A2N9A3N9A2, thus presenting A residues on one face of the helix. The site was verified by site-directed mutagenesis, which abolished preferential binding to this region. The data demonstrate that SFM can be efficiently used to identify and characterize binding sites for proteins with no or incomplete sequence specificity. This is especially the case for many proteins involved in RNA metabolism.
Increasing the Chemical Variety of Small-Molecule-Based TLR4 Modulators: An Overview (2020)

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the receptors of innate immunity. It is activated by Pathogen- and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and triggers pro-inflammatory responses that belong to the repertoire of innate immune responses, consequently protecting against infectious challenges and boosting adaptive immunity. Mild TLR4 stimulation by non-toxic molecules resembling its natural agonist (lipid A) provided efficient vaccine adjuvants. The non-toxic TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) has been approved for clinical use. This suggests the development of other TLR4 agonists as adjuvants or drugs for cancer immunotherapy. TLR4 excessive activation by a Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to sepsis, while TLR4 stimulation by DAMPs is a common mechanism in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. TLR4 inhibition by small molecules and antibodies could therefore provide access to innovative therapeutics targeting sepsis as well as acute and chronic inflammations. The potential use of TLR4 antagonists as anti-inflammatory drugs with unique selectivity and a new mechanism of action compared to corticosteroids or other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs fueled the search for compounds of natural or synthetic origin able to block or inhibit TLR4 activation and signaling. The wide spectrum of clinical settings to which TLR4 inhibitors can be applied include autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases), vascular inflammation, neuroinflammations, and neurodegenerative diseases. The last advances (from 2017) in TLR4 activation or inhibition by small molecules (molecular weight <2 kDa) are reviewed here. Studies on pre-clinical validation of new chemical entities (drug hits) on cellular or animal models as well as new clinical studies on previously developed TLR4 modulators are reported. Innovative TLR4 modulators discovered by computer-assisted drug design and an artificial intelligence approach are described. Some "old" TLR4 agonists or antagonists such as MPLA or Eritoran are under study for repositioning in different pharmacological contexts. The mechanism of action of the molecules and the level of TLR4 involvement in their biological activity are critically discussed.
Über die N4‐Alkylierung des Urazols (1966)

Abstract Die Alkylierungsmöglichkeit des Imid‐Stickstoffatoms der Urazole wird mit Diazoalkanen (C 1 –C 4 ), α,ω‐Dibromalkanen (C 1 –C 6 ), Xanthydrol und Formaldehyd untersucht. Die thermolabilen Hydroxymethyl‐Verbindungen lassen sich ohne Verlust des Formaldehyds acylieren; über die Chlormethyl‐Verbindung ist die Einführung anderer funktioneller Gruppen möglich.
Can auxiliary indicators improve COVID-19 forecasting and hotspot prediction? (2021)

Short-term forecasts of traditional streams from public health reporting (such as cases, hospitalizations, and deaths) are a key input to public health decision-making during a pandemic. Since early 2020, our research group has worked with data partners to collect, curate, and make publicly available numerous real-time COVID-19 indicators, providing multiple views of pandemic activity in the United States. This paper studies the utility of five such indicators-derived from deidentified medical insurance claims, self-reported symptoms from online surveys, and COVID-related Google search activity-from a forecasting perspective. For each indicator, we ask whether its inclusion in an autoregressive (AR) model leads to improved predictive accuracy relative to the same model excluding it. Such an AR model, without external features, is already competitive with many top COVID-19 forecasting models in use today. Our analysis reveals that 1) inclusion of each of these five indicators improves on the overall predictive accuracy of the AR model; 2) predictive gains are in general most pronounced during times in which COVID cases are trending in "flat" or "down" directions; and 3) one indicator, based on Google searches, seems to be particularly helpful during "up" trends.
The molecular basis of carcinogenesis: understanding the cell cycle clock. (1996)

The cell cycle clock is the central controller of cell proliferation that governs the progress of the cell through its growth cycle, its exit from the active cycle, and its decision to differentiate. Components of the clock are found to be functioning in an aberrant fashion in many types of malignancies. Notable among these is the retinoblastoma protein, pRB, which acts to restrain proliferation in normal cells and suffers inactivation in many types of tumour cells. Its activity is controlled by D-type cyclins in various cell types. We have deleted one of these cyclins--cyclin D1--from the mouse germline and find that its absence leads to a limited range of defects including hypoplastic retinae and the inability of the mammary epithelium to respond to pregnancy-associated hormonal stimulation. Cyclin D1 is overexpressed in many human breast cancers, pointing to a highly specific association of this cell cycle clock component with mammary cell proliferation.
Cellular transformation by combined lineage conversion and oncogene expression (2022)

Cancer is the most complex genetic disease known, with mutations implicated in more than 250 genes. However, it is still elusive which specific mutations found in human patients lead to tumorigenesis. Here we show that a combination of oncogenes that is characteristic of liver cancer (CTNNB1, TERT, MYC) induces senescence in human fibroblasts and primary hepatocytes. However, reprogramming fibroblasts to a liver progenitor fate, induced hepatocytes (iHeps), makes them sensitive to transformation by the same oncogenes. The transformed iHeps are highly proliferative, tumorigenic in nude mice, and bear gene expression signatures of liver cancer. These results show that tumorigenesis is triggered by a combination of three elements: the set of driver mutations, the cellular lineage, and the state of differentiation of the cells along the lineage. Our results provide direct support for the role of cell identity as a key determinant in transformation, and establish a paradigm for studying the dynamic role of oncogenic drivers in human tumorigenesis.
Phase sensitive parametric mixers for coherent all-optical signal processing (2011)

We discuss the application of phase sensitive fiber optical parametric devices for the processing and quantization of optical phase including recent experimental demonstrations.
Insulin receptor activation in solitary fibrous tumours (2007)

Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) are known to overexpress insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2). The down-stream oncogenic pathways of IGF-2, however, are not clear. Here we report uniform activation of the insulin receptor (IR) pathway in SFTs, which are mesenchymal tumours frequently associated with hypoglycaemia. Whereas the IR and its downstream signalling pathways were constitutively activated in SFTs, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was not expressed in these tumours. We also find that SFT cells secrete IGF-2 and proliferate in serum-free medium, consistent with an IGF-2/IR autocrine loop. The aetiological relevance of IGF-2 is supported by expression of IR-A, the IR isoform with high affinity for IGF-2, in all SFTs. Our studies suggest that IR activation plays an oncogenic role in SFTs.
Human motion planning in violin playing using KANSEI (2002)

The goal of this paper is to clarify the effects of human KANSEI on motion by taking human motion planning in violin playing into account. "KANSEI" is a Japanese word which is similar in meaning to "sensibility". Violin bowing was selected as an example. Sensuous tests were performed in order to clarify the relationship between timbre terms (which are example of KANSEI) and bowing parameters. Using the results obtained, the methods that can plan human motion using KANSEI were analyzed.
A miniature mass spectrometer for liquid chromatography applications (2011)

A miniature mass spectrometer capable of detecting analytes eluting from a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system is described and demonstrated for the first time. The entire instrument, including all pumps and the computer, is contained within a single enclosure that may be conveniently accommodated at the base of the HPLC stack. The microspray ion source, vacuum interface, ion guide, and quadrupole ion filter are all microengineered. These components are fabricated in batches using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques and considered to be consumables. When coupled to a standard HPLC system using an integrated passive split, the limit of detection for reserpine while scanning the full mass range is 5 ng on-column (1 pg of which is passed to the microspray). The mass range is m/z 100-800, and each spectrum is typically acquired at a rate of 1 scan per second.
Metastatic Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast to the Colon: A Case Report and Literature Review (2013)

True metastatic involvement of the colon is rare. Colonic metastases occur most commonly secondary to peritoneal metastases from intra-abdominal malignancies. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that metastasizes hematogenously to the colon. Colonic metastatic disease mimics primary colonic tumors in its presentation. Colonic metastatic involvement is a poor prognostic sign, and the pathologist should be informed about the history of the primary breast cancer when examining the pathologic specimens. In this paper, we report a case of an ileocecal mass found to be histologically consistent with metastatic ductal breast cancer, and then we review the literature about breast cancer metastases to the gastrointestinal tract in general and colon in particular.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation in breast cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy: A prospective study (2003)

Breast cancer is a rapidly increasing problem in many developing countries, and cytotoxic chemotherapy is now an integral part of its management. In several developing countries, the carriage of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in cancer patients may be as high as 12%, and such patients are at risk of developing fatal HBV reactivation during chemotherapy. HBV reactivation is well recognized in patients with hematological malignancies, but limited data are available on patients with other, more common, cancers, such as breast cancer. Recent data have suggested that increased viral replication, an indication of HBV reactivation, may precede clinical hepatitis. In the absence of serial HBV DNA monitoring, HBV reactivation during chemotherapy may have been underestimated. In this prospective study, breast cancer patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositive were followed up during chemotherapy. The main objectives were to determine the incidence of HBV reactivation in breast cancer patients undergoing conventional chemotherapy; to investigate whether "serial HBV DNA monitoring" improves the accuracy of diagnosing HBV reactivation when compared with previous schema that only measured HBV DNA at the time of clinical hepatitis ("conventional monitoring"); and to assess the clinical consequences as a result of developing the condition. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors associated with this condition. Over an 18-month period, 41 patients were studied. Ten developed HBV reactivation by conventional monitoring criteria, but with serial HBV DNA monitoring, seven additional patients were diagnosed when increased HBV DNA levels were detected before, but not concomitant with, clinical hepatitis. Thus, a total of 17 patients (41%) developed HBV reactivation. Premature termination of chemotherapy or delay in treatment schedules occurred in 71% of the patients who developed viral reactivation, as compared with 33% in those who did not develop the condition (P = 0.019). No risk factors associated with the development of HBV reactivation could be identified. Serial monitoring of HBV DNA, in addition to liver function, increases the sensitivity of diagnosing of HBV reactivation, and helps explain some cases that would otherwise be labeled as "cryptogenic hepatitis," for which concomitant HBV DNA measured at the time of hepatitis was undetectable. The present study highlights the importance of monitoring HBsAg-seropositive patients who are receiving chemotherapy for common solid tumors such as breast cancer.
Isoelectric focusing in serial immobilized pH gradient gels to improve protein separation in proteomic analysis (2005)

Abstract We previously demonstrated the separation of proteins by isoelectric focusing (IEF) over pH 4–8 immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) over 54 cm (Poland et al. , Electrophoresis 2003, 24 , 1271). Here we show that similar results can be conveniently achieved using commercially available IPGs of appropriate pH ranges positioned end‐on‐end in series during electrophoresis, which we term ‘daisy chain IEF’. Proteins efficiently electrophorese from one IPG to another during IEF by traversing buffer‐filled porous bridges between the serial IPGs. A variety of materials can function as bridges, including paper, polyacrylamide gels or even IPGs. The quality of two‐dimensional (2‐D) protein patterns is not apparently worse than that generated by conventional IEF using the same individual IPGs. A major advantage of this method is that sample is consumed efficiently, without the requirement for preliminary steps, such as chamber IEF. This advantage is pronounced when working with extremely limited sources of samples, such as with clinical biopsies or cellular subfractions. The present study was limited by the commercial availability of suitable pH gradients. Proteomics analyses could be further improved if commercial vendors would manufacture IPGs with suitable pH ranges to achieve high resolution (∼100 cm) IEF separation of proteins in one electrophoretic step over the pH range 2–12.
Filling of Analytical and Preparative Columns for Gas Chromatography. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFilling of Analytical and Preparative Columns for Gas Chromatography.Ernst. Bayer, K. P. Hupe, and Heinz. MackCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 4, 492–496Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60197a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60197a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts