gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) SYNTHETASE MEDIATES INTESTINAL MUCOSAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AFTER MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA (2000)

Peroxynitrite-mediated DNA strand breaks trigger poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) activation, resulting in intracellular energetic failure and organ dysfunction. We investigated the role of PARS activation on the inflammatory and functional response of the intestine to mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthetized rats exposed to 15 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery showed an increased mucosal PARS activity (ex vivo incorporation of radiolabelled NAD+ in gut mucosal scrapings) as soon as 10 min after reperfusion. During the first 30 min of reperfusion, significant mucosal damage developed, as well as mucosal hyperpermeability to a 4000 MW fluorescent dextran (FD4). These alterations were significantly reduced by treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMA, which blocks the production of peroxynitrite, as well as with the PARS inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide, whereas they were markedly enhanced by the glutathione depletor L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine. Also, PARS inhibition significantly reduced ileal neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity) at 3 h reperfusion. In a second set of experiments, the effects of 15 or 30 min ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion were evaluated in PARS knockout and wild-type mice. Significant protection against histological damage, neutrophil infiltration, and mucosal barrier failure (evaluated by the mucosal-to-serosal FD4 clearance of everted ileal sacs incubated ex vivo) was noted in PARS knockout mice, who also showed reduced alterations in remote organs, as shown by lesser lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation) and neutrophil infiltration in the lung and liver. In conclusion, PARS plays a crucial role in mediating intestinal injury and dysfunction in the early and late phases of mesenteric reperfusion. Pharmacological inhibition of PARS may be a novel approach to protect tissues from reperfusion-related damage.
Oxygen Reduction on TiO2-Coated Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with Graphene Platelets (2013)

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied on heat-treated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with and without iron (II) phthalocyanine using rotating ring disk electrode voltammetry. In an effort to mitigate loss of the active sites and increase durability, atomic layer deposition was used to coat the nanofibers with TiO2 thin films. The results show that Fe-containing heat-treated nanofibers and TiO2-coated Fe-containing nanofibers exhibit a ~4-electron reduction of O2 with low % H2O2 yields (~1-1.5 %).
[Value of diagnostic cervical mediastinoscopy in pulmonology]. (2002)

1. Metastases of lymph nodes of mediastinum were confirmed in 65.38% of patients. 2. The mediastinoscopy reduced the number of exploratory thoracotomy. 3. Diagnosis of diseases was confirmed in 88.23% cases in sistematic pathology of lymph nodes. 4. Mediastinoscopy must make only experienced thoracic surgeon, who can perform thoracotomy and sternotomy.
A learning gap between neuroscience and reinforcement learning (2021)

Historically, artificial intelligence has drawn much inspiration from neuroscience to fuel advances in the field. However, current progress in reinforcement learning is largely focused on benchmark problems that fail to capture many of the aspects that are of interest in neuroscience today. We illustrate this point by extending a T-maze task from neuroscience for use with reinforcement learning algorithms, and show that state-of-the-art algorithms are not capable of solving this problem. Finally, we point out where insights from neuroscience could help explain some of the issues encountered.
Comparison of Nephrolithiasis Prevalence in Two Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Populations (2013)

In humans, ammonium urate (AU) nephrolithiasis is rare in the Western hemisphere and more common in Japan and developing countries. Among a variety of risk factors, insulin resistance has been associated with urate nephrolithiasis in people. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are susceptible to AU nephrolithiasis, and it is believed that some populations are more likely to develop nephrolithiasis compared to others. In an effort to better understand population-based risk factors for AU nephrolithiasis in dolphins and their comparative value to humans, sonographic evaluation was performed on dolphins from a managed collection in San Diego Bay, CA (n = 40) and dolphins from a free-ranging, nearshore population in Sarasota Bay, FL (n = 39) to look for evidence of nephrolithiasis. While 14 (35%) of San Diego Bay dolphins evaluated for the study had sonographic evidence of nephrolithiasis, none of the Sarasota Bay dolphins had evidence of disease. Presence or absence of stones was confirmed by computed tomography in a subset of the San Diego collection (n = 10; four dolphins with stones, six without stones). Age was identified as a risk factor, as dolphins with stones in the San Diego collection were significantly older than dolphins without stones (25.4 vs. 19.1 years, respectively; P = 0.04). Additionally, San Diego dolphins included in the study were significantly older than Sarasota Bay dolphins (21.3 vs. 13.8 years, respectively; P = 0.008). In addition to the previously reported risk factors of hypocitraturia and hyperinsulinemia in bottlenose dolphins, other potential factors include geographic location, managed vs. free-ranging status, prey species, and feeding schedules.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor increases motility and survival of cultured mesenchymal stem cells and ameliorates acute kidney injury (2007)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor (GDNF), a member of the transforming growth factor family, is necessary for renal organogenesis and exhibits changes in expression in models of renal disease. Nestin is an intermediate filament protein originally believed to be a marker of neuroepithelial stem cells and recently proposed as a marker of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Having demonstrated the participation of nestin-expressing cells in renoprotection during acute renal ischemia, we hypothesized that growth factors and transcription factors similar to those operating in the nervous system should be also operant in the kidney and may be induced after noxious stimuli, such as an ischemic episode. Using cultured kidney-derived MSC, which abundantly express nestin, we confirmed expression of GDNF by these cells and demonstrated the GDNF-induced expression of GDNF. The cellular expression of nestin paralleled that of GDNF: serum starvation decreased the expression, whereas application of GDNF resulted in a dose-dependent increase in nestin expression. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of kidneys obtained from control and postischemic mice showed that expression of GDNF was much enhanced in the renal cortex, a pattern similar to the previously reported expression of nestin. Based on the observed GDNF-induced GDNF expression, we next explored the effect of supplemental GDNF administered early after ischemia on renal function postischemia. GDNF-treated mice were protected against acute ischemia. To address potential mechanisms of the observed renoprotection, in vitro studies showed that GDNF accelerated MSC migration in a wound-healing assay. Hypoxia did not accelerate, but rather slightly reduced, the motility of MSC and reduced the expression of GDNF in MSC by approximately twofold. Furthermore, GDNF was cytoprotective against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic death of MSC. Collectively, these data establish 1) an autoregulatory circuit of GDNF-induced GDNF expression in renal MSC; 2) induction of GDNF expression in postischemic kidneys; 3) the ability of exogenous GDNF to ameliorate ischemic renal injury; and 4) a possible contribution of GDNF-induced motility and improved survival of MSC to renoprotection.
FILAMENTARY CONDUCTION IN SEMICONDUCTING GLASS DIODES (1969)

Electrical switching in thin-film As2SeTe2 semiconducting glass diodes with thin-film electrodes has been studied. The formation of a liquid phase and what appear to be conducting filaments have been observed and recorded. Current densities &amp;gt; 104 A cm−2 have been estimated in the filaments.
Feasibility of palm-biodiesel fuel for a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (2012)

The feasibility of a direct internal reforming (DIR) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) running on wet palm-biodiesel fuel (BDF) was demonstrated. Simultaneous production of H2-rich syngas and electricity from BDF could be achieved. A power density of 0.32 W cm−2 was obtained at 0.4 A cm−2 and 800 °C under steam to carbon ratio of 3.5. Subsequent durability testing revealed that a DIR-SOFC running on wet palm-BDF exhibited a stable voltage of around 0.8 V at 0.2 A cm−2 for more than 1 month with a degradation rate of approximately 15 % / 1000 h. The main cause of the degradation was an increase in the ohmic resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of hydrocarbons and alcohols at different temperatures and salinities by Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 (2004)

Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 cells were able to metabolise C5-C16 hydrocarbons and C1-C12 alcohols as sole carbon and energy sources, both at 15 and 28 degrees C. Metabolic activity was also observed at 1.00%, 1.95% and 2.50% sodium chloride. Almost complete degradation of n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes and aromatic compounds present in fuel oil was achieved after 9 months, 60% being consumed in the first three months. The results from the conditions tested here suggest that this type of bacterium could be involved in bioremediation processes in marine environments such as the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Discriminative training with tied covariance matrices (2004)

Discriminative training techniques have proved to be a powerful method for improving large vocabulary speech recognition systems based on Gaussian mixture hidden Markov models.Typically, the optimization of discriminative objective functions is done using the extended Baum algorithm.Since for continuous distributions no proof of fast and stable convergence is known up to now, parameter re-estimation depends on setting the iteration constants in the update rules heuristically, ensuring that the new variances are positive definite.In case of density specific variances this leads to a system of quadratic inequalities.However, if tied variances are used, the inequalities become more complicated and often the resulting constants are too large to be appropriate for discriminative training.In this paper we present an alternative approach to setting the iteration constants to alleviate this problem.First experimental results show that the new method leads to improved convergence speed and test set performance.
Crystallization Engineering in Aza-Steroid: Application in the Development of Finasteride (2012)

Novel and robust crystallization approach based on solid solution formation was developed for the purification of finasteride. This is an unprecedented approach that describes the use of pure finasteride 1 to purify different lots of finasteride 1 (impure) contaminated with dihydrofinasteride 2.
Optimization of LTE uplink performance in multivendor heterogeneous networks (2018)

This paper analyses user equipment measurements and network performance indicators to address uplink power allocation problem in multi-vendor heterogeneous networks. First, the selection of optimal open-loop power control strategy is studied by comparing equal Power Spectral Density (PSD) strategy with Min-Median maximization strategy. Later, the best open-loop strategy is compared to closed-loop power control performance. The analysis show that the Min-Median scheme outperforms the equal PSD by balancing the performance and improving the uplink throughput by 30 %. In live deployment, uplink transmit power levels were observed to be higher than expected based on the open-loop power control strategy. Therefore, the equal PSD criterion is not able to balance the interference conditions between the network layers. Moreover, closed-loop power control strategy further improves the uplink throughput by 61 % if compared with the optimal OLPC configuration.
Reinforcement Learning-based Automatic Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Abdominal CT (2019)

Acute appendicitis characterized by a painful inflammation of the vermiform appendix is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Localizing the appendix is challenging due to its unclear anatomy amidst the complex colon-structure as observed in the conventional CT views, resulting in a time-consuming diagnosis. End-to-end learning of a convolutional neural network (CNN) is also not likely to be useful because of the negligible size of the appendix compared with the abdominal CT volume. With no prior computational approaches to the best of our knowledge, we propose the first computerized automation for acute appendicitis diagnosis. In our approach, we utilize a reinforcement learning agent deployed in the lower abdominal region to obtain the appendix location first to reduce the search space for diagnosis. Then, we obtain the classification scores (i.e., the likelihood of acute appendicitis) for the local neighborhood around the localized position, using a CNN trained only on a small appendix patch per volume. From the spatial representation of the resultant scores, we finally define a region of low-entropy (RLE) to choose the optimal diagnosis score, which helps improve the classification accuracy showing robustness even under high appendix localization error cases. In our experiment with 319 abdominal CT volumes, the proposed RLE-based decision with prior localization showed significant improvement over the standard CNN-based diagnosis approaches.
Mutations of the ANG Gene in French Patients With Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2008)

Overall, our findings support the implication of ANG gene mutations as a rare but widespread cause of ALS.
Supplementary Table 1 from Improved Stool DNA Integrity Method for Early Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. CRC and CRC+HRA prevalence as a function of different FL-DNA cut offs in negative-positive iFOBTs separated by the median value of all positive iFOBTs&lt;/p&gt;
Script and Language Identification in Noisy and Degraded Document Images (2007)

This paper reports an identification technique that detects scripts and languages of noisy and degraded document images. In the proposed technique, scripts and languages are identified through the document vectorization, which converts each document image into a document vector that characterizes the shape and frequency of the conta ned character or word images. Document images are vectorized by using vertical component cuts and character extremum points, which are both tolerant to the variation in text fonts and styles, noise, and various types of document degradation. For each script or language under study, a script or language template is first constructed through a training process. Scripts and languages of document images are then determined according to the distances between converted document vectors and the pre-constructed script and language templates. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is accurate, easy for extension, and tolerant to noise and various types of document degradation.
Guidelines for Designing Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Production (2022)

Protection of assets, such as pipelines, storage tanks, refineries, and infrastructure, against corrosion is a major challenge in the oil and gas industry. Over the years, several formulations of corrosion inhibitors have been developed to tackle diverse kinds of corrosion problems in the oil and gas industries. The main objective of this book chapter is to present and describe the different types of corrosion, classes of corrosion, corrosion inhibitors, chemistries, and corrosion control methods in addition to the guidelines used in the industry to develop and implement new corrosion inhibitors and discuss the mechanism of different classes of corrosion inhibitors. The chemistries of corrosion inhibitors for sour and sweet systems are discussed in detail. The detailed guidelines to develop, select, and implement the corrosion inhibitor are also discussed.
EP062/#902 The standarized uptake value for F-18 flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a predictive marker for cervical cancer recurrence and progression free survival (2022)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (CC) have pre-treatment imaging before definitive chemoradiation. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the maximal standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET), in patients with locally advanced CC treated by chemoradiation. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective study of 50 consecutive CC patients who underwent pretreatment FDG-PET, and were treated by chemoradiation. All medical records, imaging studies, and laboratory tests were reviewed. PET images were re-evaluated by blinded nuclear medicine radiologists. The analysis included measurement of SUVmax, tumor size, and lymph node involvement. Univariable analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Median tumor size was 4.8 cm [range 3.4–6.0]. Lymph node involvement was found in 35 (70.0%) of women. 20 patients (40.0%) had stage 2B disease. Median SUVmax was 16.5 [range 4.6–30.0]. There were 14 (28.0%) recurrences, with a median PFS of 13 months. The mean SUVmax was similar between stages of disease, involvement of adjacent organs and parametrium, lymph node involvement and tumor size. Mean SUVmax did not differ between cases of recurrence and no recurrence (p=0.239), but was higher in women who died of disease (17.7±4.8 vs. 14.6±4.8, p=0.037). A cut-off value of SUVmax=12.7 was found to predict recurrence (95% CI 0.453–0.763) but not Overall survival. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The SUVmax cutoff value of 12.7, was correlated with an increased risk for recurrence and decrease in PFS in CC patients treated by chemoradiation, but did not correlate with overall survival.
Automated knowledge‐based detection of nonobstructive and obstructive arterial lesions from coronary CT angiography (2013)

The authors' algorithm shows promising results in the detection of both obstructive and nonobstructive CCTA lesions.
Solving two‐armed Bernoulli bandit problems using a Bayesian learning automaton (2010)

Purpose The two‐armed Bernoulli bandit (TABB) problem is a classical optimization problem where an agent sequentially pulls one of two arms attached to a gambling machine, with each pull resulting either in a reward or a penalty. The reward probabilities of each arm are unknown, and thus one must balance between exploiting existing knowledge about the arms, and obtaining new information. The purpose of this paper is to report research into a completely new family of solution schemes for the TABB problem: the Bayesian learning automaton (BLA) family. Design/methodology/approach Although computationally intractable in many cases, Bayesian methods provide a standard for optimal decision making. BLA avoids the problem of computational intractability by not explicitly performing the Bayesian computations. Rather, it is based upon merely counting rewards/penalties, combined with random sampling from a pair of twin Beta distributions. This is intuitively appealing since the Bayesian conjugate prior for a binomial parameter is the Beta distribution. Findings BLA is to be proven instantaneously self‐correcting, and it converges to only pulling the optimal arm with probability as close to unity as desired. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the BLA does not rely on external learning speed/accuracy control. It also outperforms established non‐Bayesian top performers for the TABB problem. Finally, the BLA provides superior performance in a distributed application, namely, the Goore game (GG). Originality/value The value of this paper is threefold. First of all, the reported BLA takes advantage of the Bayesian perspective for tackling TABBs, yet avoids the computational complexity inherent in Bayesian approaches. Second, the improved performance offered by the BLA opens up for increased accuracy in a number of TABB‐related applications, such as the GG. Third, the reported results form the basis for a new avenue of research – even for cases when the reward/penalty distribution is not Bernoulli distributed. Indeed, the paper advocates the use of a Bayesian methodology, used in conjunction with the corresponding appropriate conjugate prior.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Systematic assessment of patients with unexplained cardiac arrest: Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry (CASPER). (2009)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Systematic assessment of patients with unexplained cardiac arrest: Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry (CASPER).
Large-alphabet time-frequency entangled quantum key distribution by means of time-to-frequency conversion (2013)

We introduce a novel time-frequency quantum key distribution (TFQKD) scheme based on photon pairs entangled in these two conjugate degrees of freedom. The scheme uses spectral detection and phase modulation to enable measurements in the temporal basis by means of time-to-frequency conversion. This allows large-alphabet encoding to be implemented with realistic components. A general security analysis for TFQKD with binned measurements reveals a close connection with finite-dimensional QKD protocols and enables analysis of the effects of dark counts on the secure key size.
A numerical analysis of the large deflection of an elastoplastic cantilever (1995)

A simple numerical method is applied to calculate the large deflection of a cantilever beam under an elastic-plastic deformation by dividing the deformed axis into a number of small segments. Assuming that each segment can be approximated as a circular arc, the method allows large deflections and plastic deformation to be analyzed. The main interests are the load-deflection relationship, curvature distribution along the beam and the length of the plastic region. The method is proved to be easy and particularly versatile. Comparisons with other studies are given.
Maximizing storage stability of foods to be used for resupply in a controlled ecological life supply system: Evaluation of research (1979)

The state of the art and research needs of storage stability of dehydrated foods were evaluated. A critical literature review is also included.