gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Tasks to Create Your Own Algorithms (2019)

One of the things that we like the most from TBB is its “multiresolution” nature. In the context of parallel programming models, multiresolution means that we can choose among different levels of abstraction to code our algorithm. In TBB, we have high-level templates, such as parallel_for or pipeline (see Chapter 2 ), that are ready to use when our algorithms fit into these particular patterns. But what if our algorithm is not that simple? Or what if the available high-level abstraction is not squeezing out the last drop of performance of our parallel hardware? Should we just give up and remain prisoners of the high-level features of the programing model? Of course not! There should be a capability to get closer to the hardware, a way to build our own templates from the ground up, and a way to thoroughly optimize our implementation using low-level and more tunable characteristics of the programming model. And in TBB, this capability exists. In this chapter, we will focus on one of the most powerful low-level features of TBB, the task programming interface. As we have said throughout the book, tasks are at the heart of TBB, and tasks are the building blocks used to construct the high-level templates such as parallel_for and pipeline. But there is nothing that prevents us from venturing into these deeper waters and starting to code our algorithms directly with tasks, from building our own high-level templates for future use on top of tasks, or as we describe in the next chapters, from fully optimizing our implementation by fine tuning the way in which tasks are executed. In essence, this is what you will learn by reading this chapter and the ones that follow. Enjoy the deep dive!
MECP2 Duplication Syndrome in Male Patients with Severe Mental Retardation and Intractable Epilepsy (2010)

MECP2 は女性に発症するRett症候群の原因遺伝子として知られてきたが、その重複により、男性の精神遅滞、てんかんなどの神経学的異常の原因となることが明らかになりMECP2 重複症候群と呼ばれるようになってきた。我々は、精神運動遅滞に難治てんかんと反復性感染を合併したMECP2 を含むXq28重複例2例を経験した。症例1は16歳男性、4歳時から難治てんかんを発症し、13歳時に脳梁離断術を施行されたが改善は一時的で、以後も難治に経過している。症例2は13歳男性で、2歳時より難治てんかんを発症し、気道感染の反復もみられた。両症例ともX染色体全領域のアレイcomparative genomic hybridizationの結果、MECP2 を含むXq28の重複がみられた。MECP2 の重複患者は、X連鎖性精神遅滞の1％を占めるといわれている。難治てんかん、精神運動遅滞、反復性気道感染を合併する患者をみた場合には、本症を念頭に置く必要がある。
Annual Review: Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development—1998 (1999)

The article reviews the practice and research literature in career counseling and development in 1998. The literature is presented and discussed under the following topical headings: contexts and populations, career processes, transitions, career assessment, and career counseling, services and programs.
p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase dephosphorylation is regulated by protein phosphatase 2A in human platelets activated by collagen (2002)

Collagen and the cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL) each induced platelet p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation after 2 min. Subsequent dephosphorylation occurred in platelets activated with collagen, but not with CRP-XL, demonstrating glycoprotein VI-independent regulation of p38. Okadaic acid and fostriecin, inhibitors specific for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), blocked p38 dephosphorylation, and PP2A co-immunoprecipitated with phospho-p38. In addition, use of phenylarsine oxide suggested that tyrosine phosphatases and PP2A may act in concert to dephosphorylate p38. Finally, regulation of p38 in collagen-stimulated Glanzmann's platelets was indistinguishable from that in normal platelets, showing that p38 regulation is independent of integrin alphaIIbbeta3.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Stabilized by Cyclodextrin Inactivates Influenza Virus and Human Coronavirus 229E (2022)

Natural products are attractive antiviral agents because they are environment-friendly and mostly harmless. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a type of catechin, is a well-known natural antiviral agent that can inhibit various viruses. However, EGCg easily oxidizes and loses its physiological activity. Although this problem can be overcome by combining EGCg with cyclodextrin (CD-EGCg), which makes it stable in water at high concentrations, the antiviral effect of this compound remains unclear. Here, we show that in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and MRC-5 cells, CD-EGCg is cytotoxic for 50% of cells at 85.61 and 65.34 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, CD-EGCg mainly shows its antiviral effect during the adsorption step for all four influenza virus strains (median effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 0.93 to 2.78 ppm). Its antiviral effect post-adsorption is less intense, and no inhibitory effect is observed on influenza viruses pre-adsorption. Moreover, human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) was inhibited at the adsorption step in short contact (EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.5 ppm) and long contact conditions (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.5 ppm) by mixing CD-EGCg with HCoV-229E. These results suggest that CD-EGCg effectively inhibits various viruses that require an adsorption step, and is an effective tool for preventing infection.
Analog peptides of type II collagen can suppress arthritis in HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) transgenic mice (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease associated with the recognition of self proteins secluded in diarthrodial joints. We have previously established that mice transgenic for the human DR genes associated with RA are susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and we have identified a determinant of type II collagen (CII(263-270)) that triggers T-cell immune responses in these mice. We have also determined that an analog of CII(263-270) would suppress disease in DR1 transgenic mice. Because the immunodominant determinant is the same for both DR1 transgenic and DR4 transgenic mice, we attempted to determine whether the analog peptide that was suppressive in DR1 transgenic mice would also be effective in suppressing CIA in DR4 transgenic mice. We treated DR4 transgenic mice with two analog peptides of CII that contained substitutions in the core of the immunodominant determinant: CII(256-276) (F263N, E266D) and CII(256-270) (F263N, E266A). Mice were observed for CIA, and T-cell proliferative responses were determined. Either peptide administered at the time of immunization with CII significantly downregulated arthritis. Binding studies demonstrated that replacement of the phenylalanine residue in position 263 of the CII peptide with asparagine significantly decreased the affinity of the peptide for the DR4 molecule. In contrast, replacement of the glutamic acid residue in position 266 with aspartic acid or with alanine had differing results. Aspartic acid reduced the affinity (35-fold) whereas alanine did not. Both peptides were capable of suppressing CIA. With the use of either peptide, CII(256-276) (F263N, E266D) or CII(256-270) (F263N, E266A), the modulation of CIA was associated with an increase in T-cell secretion of IL-4 together with a decrease in IFN-gamma. We have identified two analog peptides that are potent suppressors of CIA in DR4 transgenic mice. These experiments represent the first description of an analog peptide of CII recognized by T cells in the context of HLA-DR4 that can suppress autoimmune arthritis.
Airway Inflammation and Infection in Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens (2003)

In cystic fibrosis (CF), airway disease begins early in life. Bacteria and elevated levels of neutrophils and inflammatory mediators have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from infants with CF. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are common in men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and it has been suggested that this syndrome represents a mild form of CF. We hypothesized that men with CBAVD also have subclinical pulmonary disease. Bronchoscopy with BAL, viral and quantitative bacterial cultures, and analyses of total and differential cell count, cytokines, and free neutrophil elastase was performed in eight men with CBAVD, who had mutations in the CFTR and intermediate or elevated sweat chloride levels, and in four healthy control subjects. There was light growth of Staphylococcus aureus in one of eight men with CBAVD, and small numbers of opportunistic gram-negative bacteria in six of eight men with CBAVD and in one control subject. BAL cell counts and neutrophil elastase were within the normal range. Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were higher for men with CBAVD than for control subjects. These data suggest that mutations in the CFTR in men with CBAVD, in addition to causing infertility, lead to subclinical bacterial pulmonary infection and inflammation consistent with mild CF.
High efficiency resonant-metasurface germanium photodetector with ultra-thin intrinsic layer (2019)

Photodetectors at telecommunications-band with high efficiency and high speed are becoming increasingly important as the booming of big data, 5G, internet of things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and relevent applications. Silicon-based Germanium photodetectors exhibit great potential in reducing the cost and power dissipation, due to its compatibility of monolithic integration with signal-processing electronics. We report the first demonstration of normal incident resonant-metasurface germanium photodetector, to address the trade-off between quantum efficiency, bandwidth and wavelength coverage for free-space detectors. With an ultra-thin intrinsic layer thickness of 350 nm, a high external quantum efficiency of more than 60% and clearly open eyes at the speed of 20 Gbps are achieved, for a 30 μm-diameter device. The photodetector employs multiple trapped-mode resonances to enhance the localized electromagnetic field, which not only enhances the external quantum efficiency by more than 300% at 1550 nm, but also extends to the whole C band. Further simulation and measurement with small incident spot size show the feasibility to achieve &gt;50 GHz 3 dB bandwidth by simply reducing the mesa size, with minor sacrifice of the enhanced absorption. This work paves the way for the future development of low-cost, high efficiency normal incident germanium photodetectors operating at data rates of 50 Gbps or higher.
Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches? (2016)

Hybrid analog/digital multiple-input multiple-output architectures were recently proposed as an alternative for fully digital-precoding in millimeter wave wireless communication systems. This is motivated by the possible reduction in the number of RF chains and analog-to-digital converters. In these architectures, the analog processing network is usually based on variable phase shifters. In this paper, we propose hybrid architectures based on switching networks to reduce the complexity and the power consumption of the structures based on phase shifters. We define a power consumption model and use it to evaluate the energy efficiency of both structures. To estimate the complete MIMO channel, we propose an open-loop compressive channel estimation technique that is independent of the hardware used in the analog processing stage. We analyze the performance of the new estimation algorithm for hybrid architectures based on phase shifters and switches. Using the estimate, we develop two algorithms for the design of the hybrid combiner based on switches and analyze the achieved spectral efficiency. Finally, we study the tradeoffs between power consumption, hardware complexity, and spectral efficiency for hybrid architectures based on phase shifting networks and switching networks. Numerical results show that architectures based on switches obtain equal or better channel estimation performance to that obtained using phase shifters, while reducing hardware complexity and power consumption. For equal power consumption, all the hybrid architectures provide similar spectral efficiencies.
Preferential incorporation of sn-2 lysoPC DHA over unesterified DHA in the young rat brain (1994)

The uptake and metabolism of [3H]docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) esterified at the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC DHA) and in the unesterified form, both bound to albumin, was studied in 20-day-old rats. LysoPC DHA was preferentially recovered in the brain (4-5% of the injected radioactivity) over the unesterified form of DHA (0.3-0.4%). Conversely, the lysoPC form was taken up less than or at the same extent as the unesterified form by the liver, heart, and kidney. In the brain, DHA was mainly recovered in phosphatidylethanolamine whether the esterified or the unesterified form was used, although DHA from lysoPC was esterified at the same extent in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine after 2.5 min. The uptake of labeled palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids, esterified or not in lysophosphatidylcholine, was also studied in brain, liver, heart, and kidney. Only the brain preferentially incorporated unsaturated (but not saturated) lysoPC, with the uptake increasing with the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid moiety. These results strongly suggest that the young rat brain specifically utilizes albumin-lysoPC-containing polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Longitudinal and Transverse Quench Propagation in Pancake Coils Using Coated Conductors With Additional Copper Tape in Liquid Helium (2010)

YBCO coated conductor (CC) is useful for application to the insert coil for the NMR because of its great property on critical current under high magnetic field. For the safe operation of CC magnets, design of the stabilizer is imperative issue. The minimum quench energy, minimum propagation zone (MPZ), and quench propagation velocity are obviously affected by both properties and thickness of the stabilizer. In this paper, stacks of CCs were used to be partly substituted for a double pancake magnet for simplicity in experiments, and the CCs in a stack were pressed from top and bottom to enhance thermal and electrical contact. The heater made of Hastelloy C-276 was attached to initiate quench. The stacks which comprise only CCs and pairs of CC and additional copper tape were fabricated, and tests of longitudinal and transverse quench propagation in the stack were carried out in both liquid nitrogen (LN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) of 77 K and liquid helium (LHe) of 4.2 K. Copper tapes were attached on each CC without soldering in the stack for the tests to see effects of the thickness of stabilizer and the contact between CC and copper tape. Numerical analysis was performed by using finite element method (FEM). Comparisons of experiment and simulation results were reported and discussed from the point of view of magnet stability and protection.
Efficiency improvement by high-index cladding in LiNbO3 waveguide quasi-phase-matched wavelength converter for optical communication (2003)

Quasi-phase-matched difference frequency generation devices for the 1.5-μm band using a LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguide with a high-index cladding layer of As <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> were designed and fabricated. By the cladding, the guided mode profiles were modified, and their overlap was increased. A high normalized conversion efficiency of 790%/W was obtained for 30-mm interaction length.
Development of the Inhibitory Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Regulatory Protein in the Rat Testis1 (1989)

The functional development of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (Gi) and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) activity was investigated in rat testes. Adult (90-day-old), adolescent (40-day-old), prepubertal (23-day-old), and fetal (20.5 days of gestation) testis cells were cultured with 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin for 24 h. The cells were then cultured with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the ADH agonist arginine vasotocin (AVT), or a combination of the two. Testis cells from rats 23, 40, and 90 days of age that were incubated with hCG increased testosterone production when compared with controls. Preincubation of the cells from postnatal rats with pertussis toxin significantly increased hCG-stimulated testosterone secretion when compared to cells preincubated in medium only at all three ages. AVT suppressed hCG-stimulated testosterone secretion, but this suppression was partially reversed in cells from all postnatal ages preincubated with pertussis toxin. Fetal testis cells showed no response to preincubation with pertussis toxin, even when levels were increased to 400 ng/ml or when pertussis toxin treatment was continued throughout the culture period. AVT also had no effect on fetal testis cells. These results indicate that the Gi protein and AVT are not functional in fetal testes but are active from prepubertal stages of development through maturity.
Keynote Talk #1 [loT and Trust] (2018)

Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this talk, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability concerns, heterogeneity concerns, temporal concerns, and elements of unknown pedigree with possible nefarious intent. These primitives are the basic building blocks for a Network of 'Things' (Nol), including the Internet of Things (IoT). This talk offers an underlying and foundational understanding of IoT based on the realization that IoT involves sensing, computing, communication, and actuation. The talk ends by suggesting 25 trust issues, that involve everything from 3rd party certification of 3rd party black-box services and products, to defective 'things', and to deliberate intentions to slow the flow of data in a IoT-based system. The material presented here is generic to all distributed systems that employ lo T technologies (i.e., 'things' and networks). The expected audience is computer scientists, IT managers, networking specialists, and networking and cloud computing software engineers.
Observing different modes of mobility in lithium titanate spinel by nuclear magnetic resonance (2017)

Using a newly developed analysis method for SAE NMR and<italic>ab initio</italic>calculations we show the formation of localized high-mobility domains in lithium titanate that influence its global ion mobility.
Extending finite automata to efficiently match Perl-compatible regular expressions (2008)

Regular expression matching is a crucial task in several networking applications. Current implementations are based on one of two types of finite state machines. Non-deterministic finite automata (NFAs) have minimal storage demand but have high memory bandwidth requirements. Deterministic finite automata (DFAs) exhibit low and deterministic memory bandwidth requirements at the cost of increased memory space. It has already been shown how the presence of wildcards and repetitions of large character classes can render DFAs and NFAs impractical. Additionally, recent security-oriented rule-sets include patterns with advanced features, namely back-references, which add to the expressive power of traditional regular expressions and cannot therefore be supported through classical finite automata.In this work, we propose and evaluate an extended finite automaton designed to address these shortcomings. First, the automaton provides an alternative approach to handle character repetitions that limits memory space and bandwidth requirements. Second, it supports back-references without the need for back-tracking in the input string. In our discussion of this proposal, we address practical implementation issues and evaluate the automaton on real-world rule-sets. To our knowledge, this is the first high-speed automaton that can accommodate all the Perl-compatible regular expressions present in the Snort network intrusion and detection system.
Activity of new ammonium ionic liquids against fungi causing wood moulding (2010)

The results of the tests of the effectiveness of the action of new, not yet described in the literature group of biocidal ionic liquids were synthesised and presented. Those ionic liquids are derivatives of the leading structure, i.e. didecyldimethyl-ammonium nitrate, and demonstrate strong action against mould fungi. Natural quaternary ammonium salts, mainly extracts from coconut and soybean, and from vegetable fats, were the basis for syntheses. Mycological tests were carried out on the wood of pine Pinus sylvestris L. (sapwood) in accordance with the method as-sumed binding for the assessment of biocide efficacy.
Control of Photosensitized Electron Transfer Reactions in Organized Interfacial Systems (1982)

The separation of photoproducts formed in photosensitized electron transfer reactions is essential for efficient energy conversion and storage. The organization of the components involved in the photoinduced process in interfacial systems leads to efficient compartmentalization of the products. Several interfacial systems, e.g., lipid bilayer membranes (vesicles), water-in-oil microemulsions and a solid SiO2 colloidal interface, have been designed to accomplish this goal. An electron transfer across a lipid bilayer membrane leading to the separation of the photoproducts at opposite sides of the membrane is facilitated by establishing a transmembrane potential and organizing the cotransport of cations with specific carriers. In the water-in-oil microemulsion the separation of photoproducts is achieved by means of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic nature of the products. A two compartment model system to accomplish the photodecomposition of water is described. Photosensitized electron transfer reactions analogous to those occurring in the two half-cells are presented. In these systems the phase transfer of one of the photoproducts into the continuous oil phase is essential to stabilize the photoproducts. The colloidal SiO2 particles provide a charged interface that interacts with charged photoproducts. By designing a system that results in oppositely charged photoproducts, we can produce a retardation of recombination by the charged interface. The photosensitized reduction of a neutral acceptor, propylviologen sulfonate (PVSo) by positively charged sensitizers such as Ru(bipy)2+3and Zn-tetramethylpyridinium porphyrin, Zu-TMPyP4+, is described. The reactions are substantially enhanced in the SiO2 colloid as compared to those in the homogeneous phase. The effect of the SiO2 interface is attributed to a high surface potential that results in the separation of the intermediate photoproducts. The quantum yields of the photosensitized reactions are correlated to the interfacial surface potential and the electrical effects of other charged interfaces such as micelles are compared with those of SiO2. The possible utilization of the energy stored in the stabilized photoproducts in further chemical reactions is discussed. Special attention is given to the photodecomposition of water as a reaction route.