gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lactate transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and human erythrocytes by a synthetic anhydride of lactic acid (1980)

The synthesis and some of the physical and biological characteristics of a new inhibitor of lactate transport are described. The inhibitor is isobutylcarbonyl lactayl anhydride (iBCLA). It is formed by the condensation of lactic acid and isobutylchloroformate. It inhibits lactate transport 50% at 0.5 microgram/mg of protein in both Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and human erythrocytes. In contrast, 15 microgram of iBCLA/mg of protein is required for 50% inhibition of phosphate transport in erythrocytes, and phosphate transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is unaffected at levels as high as 50 microgram of iBCLA/mg of protein. A time-dependent and concentration-dependent reversal of lactate transport inhibition took place on exposure of iBCLA-treated Ehrlich ascites cells to hydroxylamine or dithiothreitol. These data, along with the observed sensitivity of the lactate transporter to sulfhydryl reagents [Spencer, T. L., & Lehninger, A. L. (1976) Biochem. J. 154, 405-414], suggest that iBCLA acylates an essential sulfhydryl group on the transporter. When glycolyzing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were treated with concentrations of iBCLA sufficient for complete inhibition of lactate transport, intracellular lactate levels increased, intracellular pH and extra-cellular lactate levels decreased, and overall lactate production was inhibited.
The Isolation and Partial Characterization of Two Novel Sphingolipids from Neurospora crassa: Di(Inositolphosphoryl)ceramide and [(gal)3glu]ceramide (1974)

Neurospora crassa strains labeled uniformly with 32Pi and [aH]inositol exhibit at least six phospholipid components containing 3H when separated by paper chromatography.One of the major components is phosphatidylinositol.Other components, which account for 40 to 60 % of the lipid-extractable $H in various strains, are stable to mild alkaline methanolysis and appear to be sphingolipids with equivalent amounts of inositol and phosphorus.The major phosphosphingolipid was purified by means of differential solubility and by column chromatography on porous silica beads.This substance contains equivalent amounts of hydroxysphinganine and hydroxytetracosanoic acid and 2 eq each of myoinositol, phosphorus, and sodium.Alkaline degradation yielded 2 eq of inositol monophosphate and periodate degradation gave a C-15 fragment.The elemental composition of this compound also fits the formulation, (inositol-P)2-ceramide.A [3H]inositol pulse-chase experiment carried out with an inositol-requiring mutant in exponential growth shows labeled inositol accumulating in the sphingolipid accompanied by decreased labeling in phosphatidylinositol and the acid-soluble fraction.These changes also occur when the chase is carried out during inositol starvation suggesting that degradation of phosphatidylinositol and formation of sphingolipid occurs in the absence of growth.A neutral glycosphingolipid was also obtained as a by-product of the phospholipid purification.This substance is provisionally formulated as the ceramide tetrahexoside: [(gal)3glu]-N-hydroxytetracosonyl-hydroxysphinganine.Recent work has shown that a large fraction of the inositolcontaining phospholipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are sphingolipids.These have one or two phosphoinositol groups and some also contain mannose (1, 2).A survey of other fungi for the
ServerNet-II: a Reliable Interconnect for Scalable High Performance Cluster Computing (1998)

The ServerNet-II System Area Network (SAN) is Compaq's native hardware implementation of the Virtual Interface (VI) Architecture. The ServerNet-II SAN implements the VI message passing and remote memory operation models. These models are supported by a VI Processor (VIP) mechanism for inter-process communication and by a Data Channel Engine (DCE) mechanism for intelligent scalable I/O across a network. Communication protocols are implemented in native hardware to eliminate the CPU overhead that is normally associated with message passing. Data links provide 1.25 + 1.25 gigabits per second of bi-directional bandwidth at distances up to 5 kilometers over standard gigabit Ethernet physical media. A Fat Pipe capability increases the e ective bandwidth to 5.0 + 5.0 gigabits per second by merging sets of parallel links. This capability makes it possible to construct network topologies in which the bandwidth distribution is non-uniform. Best-case latency for short messages has been measured in single-digit microseconds. The ServerNet-II SAN is a reliable technology with fault-tolerant mechanisms at multiple architectural levels. These mechanisms automatically recover from link level failures while maintaining guarantees of reliable and ordered message delivery. This paper presents an introduction to the ServerNet-II SAN with a focus on it's use in scienti c and technical cluster computing.
Identification of a Cytoplasmic Complex That Adds a Cap onto 5′-Monophosphate RNA (2009)

Endonuclease decay of nonsense-containing beta-globin mRNA in erythroid cells generates 5'-truncated products that were reported previously to have a cap or caplike structure. We confirmed that this 5' modification is indistinguishable from the cap on full-length mRNA, and Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and active-site labeling identified a population of capping enzymes in the cytoplasm of erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Cytoplasmic capping enzyme sediments in a 140-kDa complex that contains a kinase which, together with capping enzyme, converts 5'-monophosphate RNA into 5'-GpppX RNA. Capping enzyme shows diffuse and punctate staining throughout the cytoplasm, and its staining does not overlap with P bodies or stress granules. Expression of inactive capping enzyme in a form that is restricted to the cytoplasm reduced the ability of cells to recover from oxidative stress, thus supporting a role for capping in the cytoplasm and suggesting that some mRNAs may be stored in an uncapped state.
GPER1-mediated IGFBP-1 induction modulates IGF-1-dependent signaling in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cells (2015)

Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is a commonly prescribed adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer patients. To determine if extracellular factors contribute to the modulation of IGF-1 signaling after tamoxifen treatment, MCF-7 cells were treated with IGF-1 in conditioned medium (CM) obtained from 4-OHT-treated MCF-7 cells and the accumulation of phospho-Akt (S473) was measured. CM inhibited IGF-1-dependent cell signaling and suggesting the involvement of extracellular factors (ie. IGFBPs). A significant increase in IGFBP-1 mRNA and extracellular IGFBP-1 protein was observed in 4-OHT-treated MCF-7 cells. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that both GPER1 and CREB mediate IGFBP-1 induction. Furthermore, experiments showed that 4-OHT-dependent IGFBP-1 transcription is downstream of GPER1-activation in breast cancer cells. Additionally, neutralization and knockdown experiments demonstrated a role for IGFBP-1 in the observed inhibition of IGF-1 signaling. These results suggested that 4-OHT inhibits IGF-1 signaling via GPER1 and CREB mediated extracellular IGFBP-1 accumulation in breast cancer cells.
More Light from OLEDs through nano/micro technologies (2014)

A random nano-scattering layer has been inserted between the transparent anode and the glass substrate in OLEDs and spontaneously formed random wrinkle film has been attached outside of the glass substrate to extract light confined in OLEDs.
Use of phosphorylated PAMAM and carboxyled PAMAM to induce dentin biomimetic remineralization and dentinal tubule occlusion (2021)

It is crucial to emphasize the biomineralization therapeutic method to repair etched dentin in clinic. Non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) play critical role in the biomineralization of dentine. In this paper, we synthesized the phosphate-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM-PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) by one-step modification successfully and examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear Magnetic Resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) to characterize the structure of PAMAM-PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>. PAMAM-PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and carboxylterminated dendrimers (PAMAM-COOH) were applied as the dual biomimetic analogs of NCPs. Through the characterization of FT-IR, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surfaces of human dentin were covered with regenerated crystals and the dentinal tubules were occluded by PAMAM-PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and PAMAM-COOH. In summary, the combination of PAMAM-PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and PAMAM-COOH may be another feasible therapeutic method for the treatment of dentin caries and dentin hypersensitivity.
Colon capsule endoscopy (2008)

无线的囊内视镜检查法为小肠检查成为了第一个成像工具。最近，新囊内视镜检查法应用程序被开发了，例如食道的囊内视镜检查法和冒号囊内视镜检查法。临床的试用结果证明了结肠囊内视镜检查法在患结肠的疾病的病人可行、精确、安全。它能是在拒绝常规结肠镜检查的病人的一种好选择或当它被禁忌时。即将来临的研究被需要为结肠癌屏蔽和另外的指示表明它的用途如此的我们 ulcerative。包括常规、虚拟的结肠镜检查的比较研究也被要求。
Neural Crest Migration and Mouse Models of Congenital Heart Disease (2002)

Congenital heart disease is common, affecting nearly1% of live births. Perhaps one-third of the cases of congenital heart disease involve abnormal morphogenesis ofthe outflow tract of the heart and/or abnormal patterningof the great vessels (Driscoll 1994; Goldmuntz et al.1998). The development of these structures is influencedby migrating neural crest cells that arise from the dorsalneural tube and populate the pharyngeal arches and theheart (Kirby et al. 1983). Ablation studies in chick embryos suggest that neural crest migration defects can result in congenital heart disease. Recently, however, analyses of a series of mouse models with genetic forms ofcongenital heart disease that resemble human diseasesuggest that migration defects are uncommon. Newly developed molecular markers and fate-mapping techniquessuggest that functional defects of post-migratory neuralcrest cause some forms of common structural cardiovascular disorders. These defects can be cell autonomous orcan arise from defects in cells surrounding the neuralcrest migration pathways...
Nanodispersion of quercetin and ferulic acid (2009)

Using natural compounds such as flavonoids in combination therapy methods in various diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are under special consideration. Unfortunately poor solubility of flavonoids is a significant limitation in preparing pharmaceutical dosage forms. It is reported that preparing nanoparticles can overcome poor solubility problem of the compounds. The oil/water nanodispersions are a group of preparations in which the poorly soluble drugs could be dissolved in the oil core and/or adsorbed on the O/W interface. In this study, dispersion of flavonoids, quercetin (QC), and ferulic acid (FA) was prepared by solvent diffusion method in organic phase and lecithin. After adding the dispersion to the aqueous phase, ultrasonication and ultracentrifugation were carried out. A mixture of emulsifier and water were added and the mixture was ultrasonicated again. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure at 50°C using nitrogen-purged vials. The particles were evaluated for size and size distribution, zeta potential (ZEN 3000, Malvern, England), shape, percent entrapment, and in vitro release. Differential scanning calorimetry method was used to understand the thermotropic properties and phase transition behavior. Droplet size of nanoparticles of QC and FA was 298±14 and 289±14nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscope results show that the particles were spherical and majority of them were unilamellar.
Effect of Aluminum Lactate Powder in the Production of Mullite Porous Bodies (1998)

Mullite porous bodies were produced by means of simultaneous induction of a foaming reaction between aluminum powder and sodium hydroxide and a gel-set reaction between sodium aluminate, a binding agent, and sodium silicate The effects of aluminum lactate on the porosity and pore size of the porous bodies were investigated. The effects of the amount of aluminum lactate powder were most pronounced at 0.5mass%, at which the maximum porosity was 50% and the mean pore size was 200μm. In addition, the pore size of the porous bodies increased to 100-800μm by the addition of aluminum lactate powder.
SOME REACTIONS OF METHYLENE-BIS-AMINES AS AMMONO-ALDEHYDES (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME REACTIONS OF METHYLENE-BIS-AMINES AS AMMONO-ALDEHYDESJ. R. FELDMAN and E. C. WAGNERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1942, 07, 1, 31–47Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01195a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01195a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of customised scaffolds using computer‐aided design and rapid prototyping techniques (2005)

Purpose This paper details the derivation of the mathematical formulae of a novel system for designing and fabricating tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. Design/methodology/approach This work combines the unique capability of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques with computer‐aided design (CAD) and imaging software to design and fabricate customised scaffolds that are not only consistent in microstructure but also readily reproducible. The prototype system, called the computer‐aided system for tissue scaffolds (CASTS), has a parametric library of design units which can be assembled into scaffold structures through an in‐house algorithm. An additional module, the slicing routine, has also been added to improve the functionality of the system. To validate the system, scaffolds designed were fabricated using a powder‐based RP technique called selective laser sintering (SLS). Findings It is shown that the CASTS can be used to exploit CAD and medical imaging techniques together with RP systems to produce viable scaffolds that can be customised for various applications to suit the needs of individual patients. Research limitations/implications Further research is being done to examine the internal microstructure of the scaffolds and to determine the mechanical properties, as well as to study the inter‐relationship between cell proliferation and the pore shapes of the scaffolds. Originality/value The crucial role of scaffolds in TE has long been recognised. Successful TE scaffolds should have controllable characteristics such as pore size, porosity, and surface area to volume ratio as well as interconnectivity within the scaffolds. Much work has been carried out to produce such TE scaffolds with varying degrees of success. One major drawback is that the resultant TE scaffolds are not readily reproducible. The potential of CASTS lies in its ability to design and fabricate scaffolds with varying properties through the use of different unit cells and biomaterials to suit different applications.
Percutaneous fusion of the sacroiliac joint with hollow modular anchorage screws (2009)

We reviewed 15 consecutive patients, 11 women and four men, with a mean age of 48.7 years (37.3 to 62.6), who between July 2004 and August 2007 had undergone percutaneous sacroiliac fusion using hollow modular anchorage screws filled with demineralised bone matrix. Each patient was carefully assessed to exclude other conditions and underwent pre-operative CT and MR scans. The diagnosis of symptomatic sacroiliac disease was confirmed by an injection of local anaesthetic and steroid under image intensifier control. The short form-36 questionnaire and Majeed's scoring system were used for pre- and post-operative functional evaluation. Post-operative radiological evaluation was performed using plain radiographs. Intra-operative blood loss was minimal and there were no post-operative clinical or radiological complications. The mean follow-up was for 17 months (9 to 39). The mean short form-36 scores improved from 37 (23 to 51) to 80 (67 to 92) for physical function and from 53 (34 to 73) to 86 (70 to 98) for general health (p = 0.037). The mean Majeed's score improved from 37 (18 to 54) pre-operatively to 79 (63 to 96) post-operatively (p = 0.014). There were 13 good to excellent results. The remaining two patients improved in short form-36 from a mean of 29 (26 to 35) to 48 (44 to 52). Their persistent pain was probably due to concurrent lumbar pathology. We conclude that percutaneous hollow modular anchorage screws are a satisfactory method of achieving sacroiliac fusion.
In vitro efficacy of sulbactam combined with ampicillin against anaerobic bacteria (1985)

An ampicillin-sulbactam combination was compared with ampicillin alone, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 272 strains of anaerobic bacteria. Chloramphenicol and ampicillin-sulbactam were the most effective, inhibiting 98 to 99% of strains tested at breakpoint (16 micrograms/ml). The combination of sulbactam and ampicillin was much more effective than ampicillin alone against Bacteroides fragilis strains but did not differ substantially from ampicillin alone against Fusobacterium spp., gram-positive rods, and gram-positive cocci.
Bayesian Denoising of Ultrasound Image Based on Wavelet Domain Hidden Markov Tree Model (2003)

One of the hot key in medical image processing is how to suppressing speckle noise in ultrasound image. The low quality of ultrasound imaging brings some difficulty to sequential image processing and image analysis due to the effect of its inherent speckle noise. In this paper, a speckle suppression method for medical ultrasound image is presented. First, the logarithmic transform of the original image is analyzed into the multiscale wavelet domain. Then, the wavelet domain multiscale representation of image is regarded as Hidden Markov Tree model. The model is trained by the efficient EM algorithm,which is called Baum weltch algorithm. Speckle noise of ultrasound image is reduced by Bayesian estimator based on Hidden Markov model. Finally, the invert discrete wavelet transform and the exponent transform of the estimated wavelet coefficients obtain the denoised image in turn. Performance of the proposed method has been tested on ultrasound image. The results show the method effectively reduces the speckle while preserving the edges of the original image. Current state of the art methods, such as soft and hard thresholding, are applied on actual ultrasound medical images and compared with the novel method. The achieved performance improvement is quantified. The experiment results show the proposed method is feasible and reasonable.
Packet Travel Times in Wireless Relay Chains under Spatially and\n Temporally Dependent Interference (2013)

We investigate the statistics of the number of time slots $T$ that it takes a\npacket to travel through a chain of wireless relays. Derivations are performed\nassuming an interference model for which interference possesses spatiotemporal\ndependency properties. When using this model, results are harder to arrive at\nanalytically, but they are more realistic than the ones obtained in many\nrelated works that are based on independent interference models.\n First, we present a method for calculating the distribution of $T$. As the\nrequired computations are extensive, we also obtain simple expressions for the\nexpected value $\\mathrm{E} [T]$ and variance $\\mathrm{var} [T]$. Finally, we\ncalculate the asymptotic limit of the average speed of the packet. Our\nnumerical results show that spatiotemporal dependence has a significant impact\non the statistics of the travel time $T$. In particular, we show that, with\nrespect to the independent interference case, $\\mathrm{E} [T]$ and\n$\\mathrm{var} [T]$ increase, whereas the packet speed decreases.\n
Rapid Intracellular Competition between Hepatitis C Viral Genomes as a Result of Mitosis (2012)

Cells infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) become refractory to further infection by HCV (T. Schaller et al., J. Virol. 81:4591-4603, 2007; D. M. Tscherne et al., J. Virol. 81:3693-3703, 2007). This process, termed superinfection exclusion, does not involve downregulation of surface viral receptors but instead occurs inside the cell at the level of RNA replication. The originally infecting virus may occupy replication niches or sequester host factors necessary for viral growth, preventing effective growth of viruses that enter the cell later. However, there appears to be an additional level of intracellular competition between viral genomes that occurs at or shortly following mitosis. In the setting of cellular division, when two viral replicons of equivalent fitness are present within a cell, each has an equal opportunity to exclude the other. In a population of dividing cells, the competition between viral genomes proceeds apace, randomly clearing one or the other genome from cells in the span of 9 to 12 days. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism of intracellular competition between HCV strains, which may act to further limit HCV's genetic diversity and ability to recombine in vivo.