gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble site density model for negative and positive chemically amplified resists (2003)

The soluble site density (SSD) model assumes that changes in SSD account for changes in dissolution rate for negative and positive chemically amplified resists with reaction rate dependent dissolution mechanisms. In this context, the image mechanism in negative resists can be explained by removal of soluble sites instead of increase of molecular weight. Under identical initial conditions this model predicts that acid diffuses faster in negative resists than in equivalent positive resists. Application of this model helps explain why negative resists consistently exhibit less contrast than positive resists. Permeable resist surfaces and the depth dependence in resist energy absorption create a non-uniform depth profile of SSD, which can cause a decrease in sensitivity in ultrathin resist films (&amp;lt;150 nm thick). Simulations of resist gratings using the SSD model have been compared to experimental results with qualitatively good agreement in sidewall roughness. Spatial fluctuations of the SSD arise from the acid generation statistics during exposure, aerial image contrast, electron scattering, acid diffusion, and localization of catalytic events. These fluctuations modify the interaction of the resist with the developer, which contributes to sidewall roughness.
A radiologic syndrome after high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation, with clinical and pathologic features of systemic candidiasis (1994)

A radiographic syndrome resembling hepatic, splenic, or renal candidiasis is described, which occurred after high dose chemotherapy was administered and autologous bone marrow transplantation was performed on patients with breast cancer. This syndrome has a favorable prognosis. Conclusions as to the more indolent nature of this syndrome cannot be made; however, this topic warrants further investigation.
Numerical study of low-current steady arcs (1992)

The development of a high-efficiency CW YLF laser doped with Er,Tm,Ho: and featuring a strongly focusing resonator that collects a high density of pump power on the active crystal is described. The emission is investigated at 2.06 microns and a tuning range both at liquid-nitrogen (77 K) and at dry-ice (210 K) temperature. The noise characteristics and the long-term power stability of the laser is studied with an eye to employing this source for high-resolution spectroscopy in the 2-micron wavelength region. The detection of several absorption lines of NH3 at low pressure is described. The output power of the laser as a function of the power impinging on the crystal for different transmission of the output mirror is illustrated. The best result obtained is 1.46 W output for 3.2 W of argon pump. The minimum threshold achieved is 3.5 mW with a 1-percent transmission mirror. It is concluded that it is possible to develop a highly efficient Ho:YLF laser featuring low noise and sufficient tunability for high-resolution spectroscopy in the 2-micron region.
Use of long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) from Pseudomonas fragi for the ?in vitro? synthesis of natural penicillins (1992)

Five different naturally occurring penicillins containing as side chains hexanoic, trans-3-hexenoic, heptanoic, octanoic or trans-3-octenoic acids have been synthesized 'in vitro' by coupling long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) (EC 6.2.1.3) from Pseudomonas fragi (LFCoA-L) with acyl-CoA: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase (AT) from Penicillium chrysogenum. The quantity of penicillin produced was directly related with the carbon length of the side chain precursor tested, being maximal with octanoic acid. Fatty acids with a lower length than C5 were not recognized as substrates and nor were certain aromatic molecules.
Mammalian Cell Culture (2011)

Abstract Mammalian cell culture is the process of growing animal cells in vitro in a flask or dish. This unit describes the methods, equipment, supplies, and reagents used in a cell culture laboratory. Because preventing contamination and maintaining purity of cell cultures is arguably the greatest challenge in animal cell culture, the principles of aseptic technique in mammalian cell culture are presented in detail. Cell culture media and additives are discussed. A method of counting cells and assessing their viability with a hemacytometer is illustrated. The steps needed to maintain an adherent cell line by feeding and passing cells from one culture vessel to another are presented and variations for passing suspension‐grown cells are also outlined. Long‐term cryogenic storage of cells in liquid nitrogen is discussed and a protocol for freezing cells is provided, as are details for thawing and recovering viable cells from frozen stocks. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech . 5:4.3.1‐4.3.32. © 2011 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Improvement technique of sensitized HAZ by GTAW cladding applied to a BWR power plant (1995)

A SCC(Stress Corrosion Cracking)-resistant technique, in which the sleeve installed by expansion is melted by GTAW process without filler metal with outside water cooling, was developed. The technique was applied to ICM (In-Core Monitor) housings of a BWR power plant in 1993. The ICM housings of which materials are type 304 Stainless Steels are sensitized with high tensile residual stresses by welding to the RPV (Reactor Pressure Vessel). As the result, ICM housings have potential of SCC initiation. Therefore, the improvement technique resistant to SCC was needed. The technique can improve chemical composition of the housing inside and residual stresses of the housing outside at the same time. Sensitization of the housing inner surface area is eliminated by replacing low-carbon with proper-ferrite microstructure clad. High tensile residual stresses of housing outside surface area is improved into compressive side. Compressive stresses of outside surface are induced by thermal stresses which are caused by inside cladding with outside water cooling. The clad is required to be low-carbon metal with proper ferrite and not to have the new sensitized HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) on the surface by cladding. The effect of the technique was qualified by SCC test, chemical composition check, ferrite contentmore » measurement and residual stresses measurement etc. All equipment for remote application were developed and qualified, too. The technique was successfully applied to a BWR plant after sufficient training.« less
ACM SIGSOFT FSE 2014 Conference Summary (2015)

The 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE 2014) was held in Hong Kong from November 16 to 21, 2014. The conference brought together over 400 researchers, practitioners, and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, experiences, and challenges in software engineering. This year's program continues the great tradition of previous FSE meetings by being rich and exciting, but the location of the conference was particularly noteworthy---for the first time, this major international software engineering conference was held outside North America. Hong Kong is renowned as a lively city with a beautiful harbor and landscape, and is famous for its finance, shopping, and gourmet cuisine, blending Eastern and Western cultures.
Balloon atrial septostomy as initial therapy in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (2020)

Balloon atrial septostomy is a palliative procedure currently used to bridge medically refractory pulmonary hypertension patients to lung transplantation. In the current report, we present balloon atrial septostomy as an initial therapy for high-risk pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients at our institution. Nineteen patients with median age of 4.3 years (range 0.1-14.3 years) underwent balloon atrial septostomy during initial admission for pulmonary hypertension. There were no procedural complications or deaths within 24 h of balloon atrial septostomy. Patients were followed for a median of 2.6 years (interquartile range 1.0-4.8 years). Three (16%) patients died, 3 (16%) underwent lung transplantation, and 1 (5%) underwent reverse Potts shunt. Transplant-free survival at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years was 84%, 76%, and 67% respectively. This single-center experience suggests early-BAS in addition to pharmacotherapy is safe and warrants consideration in high-risk pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients.
[Current research in adequate treatment by Osteoporosis Research Group]. (2006)

In 2002, Adequate Treatment of Osteoporosis (A-TOP) Research Group was organized to obtain the evidence for treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. The group has designed and carried out an intervention trial plan, Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial (JOINT)-02 to demonstrate the possible combination effect of alendronate plus active vitamin D(3). In this report, we summarize the past activity and the perspective of the future of the A-TOP research group.
Uniform epidermal cell proliferation in the mouse tympanic membrane. (1987)

Autoradiographic studies in mice showed epidermal cell proliferation to be dispersed over the whole tympanic membrane with no specific proliferative center. This strengthens the concept that net migration of the superficial layer of the stratum corneum across the tympanic membrane is the result of random insertion of cells into a pavement-like layer of corneocytes. We also found the cell proliferation rate in tympanic epidermis to be the same as that for dorsal epidermis in both normal mouse skin and the hyperproliferative epidermis of asebia mice. There was no indication of more rapid migration in tympanic epidermis in asebia as a result of the increased proliferation rate but rather increased thickness of the tympanic epidermis. There were also unusual circular mounds of epidermal cells in all asebia tympana, apparently due to localized hyperproliferation.
Distribution and orientation of rhodamine-phalloidin bound to thin filaments in skeletal and cardiac myofibrils (1997)

Phalloidin staining of muscle does not reflect the known disposition of sarcomeric thin filaments. Quantitative image analysis and steady-state fluorescence polarization microscopy are used to measure the local intensity and orientation of tetramethyl rhodamine-labeled phalloidin (TR-phalloidin) in skinned myofibrils. TR-phalloidin staining of isolated skeletal myofibrils labeled while in rigor reveals fluorescence that is brighter at the pointed ends of the thin filaments and Z lines than it is in the middle of the filaments. In cardiac myofibrils, phalloidin staining is uniform along the lengths of the thin filaments in both relaxed and rigor myofibrils, except in 0.2-micron dark areas on either side of the Z line. Extraction of myosin or tropomyosin-troponin molecules does not change the nonuniform staining. To test whether long-term storage in glycerol changes the binding of phalloidin to thin filaments in myofibrils, minimally permeabilized (briefly skinned) myofibrils, or myofibrils stored in glycerol for at least 7 days (glycerol extraction) were compared. TR-phalloidin was well ordered throughout the sarcomere in briefly skinned skeletal and cardiac myofibrils, but TR-phalloidin bound to the Z line and pointed ends of thin filaments was randomly oriented in glycerol-extracted myofibrils, suggesting that the ends of the thin filaments become disordered after glycerol extraction. In relaxed skeletal myofibrils with sarcomere lengths greater than 3.0 microns, staining was nearly uniform all along the actin filaments. Exogeneous bare actin filaments polymerized from the Z line (Sanger et al., 1984: J. Cell Biol. 98:825-833) in and along the myofibril bind rhodamine phalloidin uniformly. Our results support the hypothesis that nebulin can block the binding of phalloidin to actin in skeletal myofibrils and nebulette can block phalloidin binding to cardiac thin filaments.
Reconciling Compressive Sampling Systems for Spectrally Sparse Continuous-Time Signals (2011)

The random demodulator (RD) and the modulated wideband converter (MWC) are two recently proposed compressed sensing (CS) techniques for the acquisition of continuous-time spectrally sparse signals. They extend the standard CS paradigm from sampling discrete, finite dimensional signals to sampling continuous and possibly infinite dimensional ones, and thus establish the ability to capture these signals at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. The RD and the MWC have remarkably similar structures (similar block diagrams), but their reconstruction algorithms and signal models strongly differ. To date, few results exist that compare these systems, and owing to the potential impacts they could have on spectral estimation in applications like electromagnetic scanning and cognitive radio, we more fully investigate their relationship in this paper. We show that the RD and the MWC are both based on the general concept of random filtering, but employ significantly different sampling functions. We also investigate system sensitivities (or robustness) to sparse signal model assumptions. Last, we show that “block convolution” is a fundamental aspect of the MWC, allowing it to successfully sample and reconstruct block-sparse (multiband) signals. Based on this concept, we propose a new acquisition system for continuous-time signals whose amplitudes are block sparse. The paper includes detailed time and frequency domain analyses of the RD and the MWC that differ, sometimes substantially, from published results.
Effect of metal buffer layer and thermal annealing on HfO<inf>x</inf>-based ReRAMs (2016)

In this paper, we investigate different methods and approaches in order to improve the electrical characteristics of Pt/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /TiN ReRAM devices. We discuss the improvement of the ReRAM electrical characteristics after the insertion of a Hf and Ti buffer layer. As a result, the resistance window increases more that 10 times, and the set and reset voltages decrease both in absolute value and variability. Furthermore, we show the influence of an annealing step at different temperatures on the Pt/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Hf/TiN memory devices on forming voltage and HRS. Considering the importance of achieving high density memory, we demonstrated the possibility of multi-level resistance state in the fabricated devices bu controlling the enforced compliance current. In addition, we show the endurance characteristic of the fabricated memories and their error rate. Finally, we report the transient behavior of the memory devices, investigating the device speed and switching mechanism.
Dual Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia: A Tale of Two VTs (2010)

A young female with isolated ventricular noncompaction and acute myocarditis presented with incessant dual epicardial ventricular tachycardia consisting of a manifest reentrant circuit and a shorter cycle length concealed circuit. A single radiofrequency terminated both tachycardias.
Diurnal Expression of Transducin mRNA and Translocation of Transducin in Rods of Rat Retina (1987)

The messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes alpha subunit of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein transducin (T alpha) and T alpha immunoreactivity were localized and measured in the rat retina during the light-dark cycle with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both T alpha mRNA and T alpha immunoreactivity were observed only in photoreceptors. Within the photoreceptor T alpha mRNA was present primarily in the inner segments and to a lesser extent in the outer nuclear layer at all times during the day and night. However, the distribution of T alpha immunoreactivity varied profoundly with the light-dark cycle; during the day, T alpha immunoreactivity was highest in the inner segments, and at night the outer segments were more immunoreactive. The amounts of T alpha mRNA and T alpha immunoreactivity also depended on the light-dark cycle. Levels of T alpha mRNA were high immediately before and after lights on; levels were low for the rest of the light-dark cycle. During the day, T alpha immunoreactivity increased in the inner segments following the increase in T alpha mRNA. After the lights were turned off, T alpha immunoreactivity decreased in the inner segments and increased in the outer segments. Thus, it appears that T alpha is synthesized in the inner segments after a morning increase in T alpha mRNA. Newly synthesized T alpha remains in the inner segments until it is transported to the outer segments at night, where it may be involved in the increase in the sensitivity of photoreceptor rods at night.
In vitro studies on antioxidants and free radical scavenging activities in the extracts of Loranthus longiflorus desr. bark samples obtained from two host trees (2011)

Antioxidant compounds and their free radical scavenging (FRS) activities in various solvent extracts of Loranthus longiflorus bark samples collected from Casuarina equisetifolia and Ficus religiosa host trees were assessed. The results obtained confirm the presence of total flavonoids, total phenols and total tannins in all extracts at different proportions. Among the extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract shows maximum total phenols (301.25mg/g and 307.27mg/g) and total tannins (11.46mg/g and 204.83mg/g),while chloroform extract favours more amount of flavonoids (18.92mg/g and 26.13mg/g) in Loranthus bark samples collected from the host Casuarina and Ficus, respectively. Among the extracts of Loranthus bark samples, collected from Casuarina and Ficus, ethanol extract shows maximum scavenging activity on DPPH (4681.8% and 4890.6% at 1500µg), on Hydroxyl (49.37% and 55.58% at 250 µg), ethyl acetate (49.79%) and water extract (48.28%) on Nitric oxide (at 250µg) and ethanol (33.71%) chloroform (34.85%) on Superoxide (at 250 µg), respectively, as compared to other extracts. All the FRS activities, tested, were concentration dependent. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined in ethanol extracts as 5.70µg/ml and 5.32µg/ml for DPPH-FRS activity; as 34.34µg/ml and 38.35 µg/ml for HO-FRS activity, as 108.93µg/ml and 104.32µg/ml for SO-FRS activity and ethyl acetate extract as 188.5µg/ml and 116.1µg/ml for NO-FRS activity of Loranthus bark samples collected from Casuarina and Ficus, respectively, than other extracts, tested. The ferric reducing antioxidant power of Loranthus bark samples, from Casuarina and Ficus hosts, was maximum in ethanol extract (4053.53 and 4199.03mMol Fe (II)/mg extract, respectively) than other extracts tested. These results indicate that the host trees, on which the hemiparasite infested, influence the variations in antioxidant constituents and free radical scavenging activities of L. longiflorus bark extracts.
Influence of Si-chemical bonding on the semiconductive and anti-corrosion properties of Si-C-N coatings (2006)

International audience
Design, functionalization strategies and biomedical applications of targeted biodegradable/biocompatible polymer-based nanocarriers for drug delivery (2012)

Design and functionalization strategies for multifunctional nanocarriers (e.g., nanoparticles, micelles, polymersomes) based on biodegradable/biocompatible polymers intended to be employed for active targeting and drug delivery are reviewed. This review will focus on the nature of the polymers involved in the preparation of targeted nanocarriers, the synthesis methods to achieve the desired macromolecular architecture, the selected coupling strategy, the choice of the homing molecules (vitamins, hormones, peptides, proteins, etc.), as well as the various strategies to display them at the surface of nanocarriers. The resulting morphologies and the main colloidal features will be given as well as an overview of the biological activities, with a special focus on the main in vivo achievements.
An Antimycobacterial Cyclodepsipeptide from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Ophiocordyceps communis BCC 16475 (2009)

A novel cyclodepsipeptide, cordycommunin (1), and two dihydroisocoumarins (2 and 3) were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps communis BCC 16475. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues of 1 were addressed by application of Marfey's method. Cordycommunin (1) showed growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra with an MIC value of 15 microM. This compound also exhibited weak cytotoxicity to KB cells with an IC50 of 45 microM, while it was inactive against BC, NCI-H187, and Vero cell lines at a concentration of 88 microM (50 microg/mL).
Pulsed laser deposition of films on fused silica in waveguide form (1998)

Polycrystalline film has been grown on fused silica by pulsed laser deposition at . The wavelength dependence of the transmittance of the film was determined. We first obtained the band gap . Favourable optical waveguiding properties have been demonstrated by observation of sharp m lines from the TE and TM multimodes. The surface and cross sectional morphology of the film was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Ultrafine hydrogel fibers with dual temperature‐ and pH‐responsive swelling behaviors (2004)

Abstract Ultrafine hydrogel fibers that were responsive to both temperature and pH signals were prepared through the electrospinning of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(acrylic acid) mixtures in dimethylformamide. Both the diameters (700 nm to 1.2 μm) and packing of the fibers could be controlled through changes in the polymer compositions and PNIPAAm molecular weights. These fibers were rendered water‐insoluble by the addition of either Na 2 HPO 4 or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to the solution, followed by the heat curing of the fibers. The fibers crosslinked with Na 2 HPO 4 swelled to 30–120 times in water; this was significantly higher than the swelling of those crosslinked with PVA. The PVA‐crosslinked hydrogel fibers, however, exhibited faster swelling kinetics; that is, they reached equilibrium swelling in less than 5 min at 25 °C. They were also more stable after 1 week of water exposure; that is, they lost less mass and retained their fibrous form better. All the hydrogel fibers showed a drastic increase in the swelling between pH 4 and 5. The PVA‐crosslinked hydrogel fibers exhibited distinct temperature‐responsive phase‐transition behavior of PNIPAAm, whereas the Na 2 HPO 4 ‐crosslinked hydrogel fibers showed altered two‐stage phase transitions that reflected side‐chain modification of PNIPAAm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6331–6339, 2004
Finding God and Humanity in Language: Islamic Legal Assessments as the Meeting Point of the Divine and Human (2014)

For as long as Western scholars have studied Islamic law, they have struggled to understand the relations between its and aspects. This chapter joins these efforts in exploring the details of the juristic integration of religious and legal concerns. The argument is that pre-modern Muslim jurists' understandings of the nature of language, including divine speech, displays important continuities with jurists' understanding of the nature of human action as encompassed by language. The rules of Islamic law are a meeting point - for jurists - between the divine and the human, a meeting that takes place in the realm of language. Jurists had a two-part task both of discerning, in the words of the revealed texts, God's intentions and rules governing human actions, and of identifying human actions by assigning to them names, and thus lining up the words of God's rules with the words naming human actions. Keywords: divine speech; God; human action; Islamic law; legal concern; pre-modern Muslim jurists; religious concern; Western scholars