gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large piezoelectric response of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 polycrystalline films induced by the low-symmetry phase (2015)

BaTiO3, BiFeO3 and BiFeO3/BaTiO3 polycrystalline films were prepared by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. The phase structure, converse piezoelectric coefficient and domain structure of BaTiO3, BiFeO3 and BiFeO3/BaTiO3 thin films are characterized by XRD and PFM, respectively. The converse piezoelectric coefficient d33 of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 thin films is 119.5 pm V(-1), which is comparable to that of lead-based piezoelectric films. The large piezoelectric response of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 thin films is ascribed to the low-symmetry T-like phase BiFeO3, because the spontaneous polarization vector of T-like phase (with monoclinic symmetry) BiFeO3 can rotate easily under external field. In addition, the reduced leakage current and major domains with upward polarization are also attributed to the large piezoelectricity.
What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (2007)

As CPU cores become both faster and more numerous, the limiting factor for most programs is now, and will be for some time, memory access. Hardware designers have come up with ever more sophisticated memory handling and acceleration techniques–such as CPU caches–but these cannot work optimally without some help from the programmer. Unfortunately, neither the structure nor the cost of using the memory subsystem of a computer or the caches on CPUs is well understood by most programmers. This paper explains the structure of memory subsystems in use on modern commodity hardware, illustrating why CPU caches were developed, how they work, and what programs should do to achieve optimal performance by utilizing them.
An 85 Ghz Quasioptical Gyroklystron (1991)

The quasioptical gyrotron (QOG) is under development at the Na val Research Laboratory as a high power source of millimeter- wave radiation. The QOG has produced 600 kW at a frequency of 120 GHz and an efficiency of 8%, with a peak efficiency of 12% at lower power. The addition of a simple, single-stage depressed collector raised the peak efficiency to 16%. A new experiment has been designed to convert the QOG into a quasioptical gyroklystron by the addition of a prebunching resonator driven by an external source. One goal of the experiment is to use the prebunched electron beam to selectively drive the longitudinal mode in the output resonator that has optimum frequency detuning, which should improve the efficiency. The output power of the gyroklystron is constrained by oscillation of the prebunching resonator, which is formed by a pair of spherical mirrors. A centered hole in one of the mirrors is used to couple power into the resonator, the size of which is optimized in cold tests. The experiment will investigate longitudinal mode selection, efficiency enhancement, and phaselocking in an open resonator. The design of the gyroklystron will be presented, as well as any available experimental results.
Development of Large-Scale Stopped-Flow Technique and its Application in Elucidation of Initial Ziegler–Natta Olefin Polymerization Kinetics (2019)

The stopped-flow (SF) technique has been extensively applied to study Ziegler-Natta (ZN) olefin polymerization kinetics within an extremely short period (typically <0.2 s) for understanding the nature of the active sites as well as the polymerization mechanisms through microstructure analyses of obtained polymers. In spite of its great applicability, a small amount of polymer that is yielded in a short-time polymerization has been a major bottleneck for polymer characterizations. In order to overcome this limitation, a large-scale SF (LSF) system has been developed, which offers stable and scalable polymerization over an expanded time range from a few tens milliseconds to several seconds. The scalability of the LSF technique has been further improved by introducing a new quenching protocol. With these advantages, the LSF technique has been effectively applied to address several unknown issues in ZN catalysis, such as the role of physical and chemical transformations of a catalyst on the initial polymerization kinetics, and regiochemistry of ZN propylene polymerization. Here, we review the development of the LSF technique and recent efforts for understanding heterogeneous ZN olefin polymerization catalysis with this new system.
Hepatic and Extrahepatic Insulin Clearance Are Differentially Regulated: Results From a Novel Model-Based Analysis of Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Data (2016)

Insulin clearance is a highly variable and important factor that affects circulating insulin concentrations. We developed a novel model-based method to estimate both hepatic and extrahepatic insulin clearance using plasma insulin and C-peptide profiles obtained from the insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Data from 100 African immigrants without diabetes (mean age 38 years, body weight 81.7 kg, fasting plasma glucose concentration 83 mg/dL, and fasting insulin concentration 37 pmol/L) were used. Endogenous insulin secretion (calculated by C-peptide deconvolution) and insulin infusion rates were used as inputs to a new two-compartment model of insulin kinetics and hepatic and extrahepatic clearance parameters were estimated. Good agreement between modeled and measured plasma insulin profiles was observed (mean normalized root mean square error 6.8%), and considerable intersubject variability in parameters of insulin clearance among individuals was identified (the mean [interquartile range] for hepatic extraction was 25.8% [32.7%], and for extrahepatic insulin clearance was 20.7 mL/kg/min [11.7 mL/kg/min]). Parameters of insulin clearance were correlated with measures of insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response to glucose. The method described appears promising for future research aimed at characterizing variability in insulin clearance and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of insulin clearance.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Surgical Outcomes after Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction (2021)

Sarver, Melissa M. BS; Rames, Jess D. BS; Ren, Yi MS; Greenup, Rachel A. MD, FACS; Hwang, Eun-Sil Shelley MD, FACS; Hollenbeck, Scott T. MD, FACS; Hyslop, Terry PhD; Butler, Paris D. MD, FACS; Phillips, Brett T. MD; Fayanju, Oluwadamilola M. MD, FACS Author Information
Type VI Secretion System-Associated Gene Clusters Contribute to Pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2012)

The enteropathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium employs a suite of tightly regulated virulence factors within the intracellular compartment of phagocytic host cells resulting in systemic dissemination in mice. A type VI secretion system (T6SS) within Salmonella pathogenicity island 6 (SPI-6) has been implicated in this process; however, the regulatory inputs and the roles of noncore genes in this system are not well understood. Here we describe four clusters of noncore T6SS genes in SPI-6 based on a comparative relationship with the T6SS-3 of Burkholderia mallei and report that the disruption of these genes results in defects in intracellular replication and systemic dissemination in mice. In addition, we show that the expression of the SPI-6-encoded Hcp and VgrG orthologs is enhanced during late stages of macrophage infection. We identify six regions that are transcriptionally active during cell infections and that have regulatory contributions from the regulators of virulence SsrB, PhoP, and SlyA. We show that levels of protein expression are very weak under in vitro conditions and that expression is not enhanced upon the deletion of ssrB, phoP, slyA, qseC, ompR, or hfq, suggesting an unknown activating factor. These data suggest that the SPI-6 T6SS has been integrated into the Salmonella Typhimurium virulence network and customized for host-pathogen interactions through the action of noncore genes.
Oxidations (2020)

Oxidation reactions are powerful tools to convert a position that is protected in a lower oxidation state to the desired functionality, and for the activation of otherwise unfunctionalized positions. This chapter is organized by the oxidized functionality for ease in looking up specific transformations. It focuses on the oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double and single bonds, and on the oxidation of double and triple bonds to the corresponding ketones or diketones. Oxidative loss of alkyl groups from phenyl ethers can be accomplished via oxidation to the quinone oxidation state, followed by loss of an alkyl cation. The oxidative conversion of arylacetonitriles into the corresponding acetophenone is accomplished by deprotonation followed by trapping with oxygen and expulsion of cyanide anion. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation can be utilized to effect oxidative cleavage in some cases.
Development of Fully Bio‐Based Lubricants from Agro‐Industrial Residues under Environmentally Friendly Processes (2020)

Abstract Biolubricants are becoming interesting alternatives to mineral lubricants. Despite their advantages, development of lubricants from vegetable oils may compete with food production, turning their use impractical due to socio‐economic aspects. Here, cardanol is used as raw material in the synthesis of novel biolubricants under environmentally friendly conditions. These compounds are characterized by NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal‐oxidative studies show the elevated stability and higher onset oxidative temperatures. Tribological analyses performed under high‐frequency linear‐oscillation motion indicate lower coefficients of friction and wear rates compared to a synthetic oil. Therefore, cardanol, under simple, fast, and sustainable processes can be transformed into valuable alternatives for petroleum‐based lubricants. Practical Applications : The novel cardanol‐based biolubricants presented in this work show interesting chemical and lubricity properties superior to standard synthetic oils, which make them potential substitutes for the current oil‐based products used as lubricants. Additionally, the ecofriendly methodologies employed reduce significantly the reaction time as well as eliminating the need for catalysts or solvents, making these processes viable alternatives for the traditional methods reported in literature for the synthesis of this class of compounds.
Variational Bayesian least squares: An application to brain–machine interface data (2008)

An increasing number of projects in neuroscience require statistical analysis of high-dimensional data, as, for instance, in the prediction of behavior from neural firing or in the operation of artificial devices from brain recordings in brain-machine interfaces. Although prevalent, classical linear analysis techniques are often numerically fragile in high dimensions due to irrelevant, redundant, and noisy information. We developed a robust Bayesian linear regression algorithm that automatically detects relevant features and excludes irrelevant ones, all in a computationally efficient manner. In comparison with standard linear methods, the new Bayesian method regularizes against overfitting, is computationally efficient (unlike previously proposed variational linear regression methods, is suitable for data sets with large numbers of samples and a very high number of input dimensions) and is easy to use, thus demonstrating its potential as a drop-in replacement for other linear regression techniques. We evaluate our technique on synthetic data sets and on several neurophysiological data sets. For these neurophysiological data sets we address the question of whether EMG data collected from arm movements of monkeys can be faithfully reconstructed from neural activity in motor cortices. Results demonstrate the success of our newly developed method, in comparison with other approaches in the literature, and, from the neurophysiological point of view, confirms recent findings on the organization of the motor cortex. Finally, an incremental, real-time version of our algorithm demonstrates the suitability of our approach for real-time interfaces between brains and machines.
Methane Decomposition Over ZrO2-Supported Fe and Fe–Ni Catalysts—Effects of Doping La2O3 and WO3 (2020)

A leading method for hydrogen production that is free of carbon oxides is catalytic methane decomposition. In this research, Fe and Fe-Ni supported catalysts prepared by the wet impregnation method were used in methane decomposition. The effects of doping the parent support (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) with La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and WO<sub>3</sub> were studied. It was discovered that the support doped with La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gave the best performance in terms of CH<sub>4</sub> conversion, H<sub>2</sub> yield, and stability at the test condition, 800°C and 4,000-ml h<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> cat. space velocity. The addition of Ni significantly improved the performance of all the monometallic catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), temperature-programmed reduction/oxidation (TPR/TPO), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and microscopy (SEM and Raman) techniques. Phases of the different forms of Fe were identified by XRD. BET showed a drastic decline in the specific surface area of the catalysts with respect to the supports. TPR profiles revealed a progressive change in the valency of Fe in its combined form to the zero valence-free metal. The La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-promoted support gave the best performance and maintained good stability during the time on stream.
New description of fluidization regimes (2005)

Abstract Two pressure probes and an intrusive bioptical probe provide experimental data in the bubbling and turbulent regimes to improve our understanding of the transition from the bubbling regime to the fast fluidization regime. Assessment of pressure, voidage, and bubbling properties allows for a new description of turbulent fluidization hydrodynamics. Appreciable changes in the hydrodynamics appear well below the transition criterion U c , determined based on pressure fluctuations: bubbles are fast bubbles below U c , in bubble–emulsion equilibrium state at U c , and then become slow bubbles for higher fluidizing velocity; the maximum of the total fluidizing gas fraction in the bubble phase is reached below U c and never exceeds 75–80%. The fluidizing velocity at which major modifications in hydrodynamics are observed is lower than U c . This critical velocity is detected with pressure drop assessment or frequency analysis of voidage fluctuations. Moreover, it can be theoretically calculated from the two‐phase modeling correlations supplemented with a new criterion deduced from our experiments. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Locality Sensitive Hashing for Set-Queries, Motivated by Group\n Recommendations (2020)

Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) is an effective method to index a set of\npoints such that we can efficiently find the nearest neighbors of a query\npoint. We extend this method to our novel Set-query LSH (SLSH), such that it\ncan find the nearest neighbors of a set of points, given as a query.\n Let $ s(x,y) $ be the similarity between two points $ x $ and $ y $. We\ndefine a similarity between a set $ Q$ and a point $ x $ by aggregating the\nsimilarities $ s(p,x) $ for all $ p\\in Q $. For example, we can take $ s(p,x) $\nto be the angular similarity between $ p $ and $ x $ (i.e., $1-{\\angle\n(x,p)}/{\\pi}$), and aggregate by arithmetic or geometric averaging, or taking\nthe lowest similarity.\n We develop locality sensitive hash families and data structures for a large\nset of such arithmetic and geometric averaging similarities, and analyze their\ncollision probabilities. We also establish an analogous framework and hash\nfamilies for distance functions. Specifically, we give a structure for the\neuclidean distance aggregated by either averaging or taking the maximum.\n We leverage SLSH to solve a geometric extension of the approximate near\nneighbors problem. In this version, we consider a metric for which the unit\nball is an ellipsoid and its orientation is specified with the query.\n An important application that motivates our work is group recommendation\nsystems. Such a system embeds movies and users in the same feature space, and\nthe task of recommending a movie for a group to watch together, translates to a\nset-query $ Q $ using an appropriate similarity.\n
Friction Factor for Flow in Rectangular Ducts With One Side Rib-Roughened (1994)

Numerical simulations of incompressible turbulent flow through rectangular ducts with one side rib-roughened were performed to determine pressure drop. The “PHOENICS” software package was used for the computations, which required provision of a wall function for transverse rib-roughened surfaces. The present study was conducted in the range of 105≤ Reynolds number ≤ 107, 0.01 ≤ rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio ≤ 0.04, 10≤ pitch to rib height ratio ≤ 40. Using the numerical results, friction factor charts for various aspect ratios were generated. The numerical results agreed well with experimental data that was obtained for 105 &lt; Reynolds number &lt; 2 × 105. In addition, a scheme for predicting friction factor using existing correlations for smooth and rough walls was developed.
CONCISE REPORT Citrullination is an inflammation-dependent process (2006)

. Objectives: To study the presence of citrullinated proteins in inflammatory conditions and in clinically non-affected tissues of controls. Methods: Synovial biopsy specimens from 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 healthy controls were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, muscle tissue from 5 patients with polymyositis and from 7 healthy controls, intestinal tissue from macroscopically affected and non-affected areas from 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and tonsil tissues from 4 chronically inflamed tonsils were studied. Results: Citrullinated proteins were present in all synovial biopsy specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas only three of 10 healthy synovial biopsy specimens showed scarce amounts of citrullination. Citrullination was also present in all myositis-affected muscles, whereas it was absent in the muscle tissues of controls. All tonsil biopsy specimens studied were positive for citrulline. Even though more frequently detected in the macroscopically affected colonic areas, no marked difference was observed in the pattern or extent of citrullination between the macroscopically affected and non-affected intestinal IBD tissues. Conclusion: Citrullination is present in a wide range of inflammatory tissues, suggesting that this process is inflammation dependent rather than disease dependent.
A One‐Step Procedure for Isolation of Poly(A)+ mRNA from Isolated Brain Capillaries and Endothelial Cells in Culture (1991)

The study of the regulation of low-abundance blood-brain barrier (BBB) transcripts either in isolated brain microvessels or in endothelial cells in tissue culture (ECL cells) requires isolation of poly(A)+ mRNA. Therefore, we describe here a single-step method for isolation of poly(A)+ mRNA from brain capillaries or ECL cells using proteinase K/sodium dodecyl sulfate cell lysis and oligo-deoxythymidine cellulose affinity chromatography. The yield of poly(A)+ mRNA was approximately 15-19 micrograms/g of brain or choroid plexus, 14-17 micrograms per batch of isolated capillaries in a single bovine forebrain (190 g), and 6-12 micrograms/10(7) ECL cells. Northern blot analysis showed characteristic and undegraded 2.1- and 1.7-kb actin transcripts in brain capillaries and a 2.1-kb actin mRNA in brain and ECL cells. Northern analysis was also used to quantify the glucose transporter type I transcript, which is very rare in basal ECL cells, and this mRNA was shown to be up-regulated by glucose deprivation. This method represents a significant improvement in the mRNA yield for brain capillaries or cultured endothelial cells compared with the conventional two-step method.
Diaphragm echodensity in mechanically ventilated patients: a description of technique and outcomes (2021)

Many patients exhibit increased diaphragm echodensity at the outset of mechanical ventilation. Increases in diaphragm echodensity during the early course of mechanical ventilation are associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Both decreases and increases in diaphragm thickness during mechanical ventilation are associated with increased echodensity.
Predictors of extent of resection and recurrence following endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngioma (2023)

The study data show that GTR should be the goal of surgery in craniopharyngiomas if it can be achieved safely. Although stalk preservation can maintain some endocrine function, the risk of recurrence is higher in such cases. Radiation may not be as effective as previously reported.
Vascular Defense Responses in Rice: Peroxidase Accumulation in Xylem Parenchyma Cells and Xylem Wall Thickening (2001)

The rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a vascular pathogen that elicits a defensive response through interaction with metabolically active rice cells. In leaves of 12-day-old rice seedlings, the exposed pit membrane separating the xylem lumen from the associated parenchyma cells allows contact with bacterial cells. During resistant responses, the xylem secondary walls thicken within 48 h and the pit diameter decreases, effectively reducing the area of pit membrane exposed for access by bacteria. In susceptible interactions and mock-inoculated controls, the xylem walls do not thicken within 48 h. Xylem secondary wall thickening is developmental and, in untreated 65-day-old rice plants, the size of the pit also is reduced. Activity and accumulation of a secreted cationic peroxidase, PO-C1, were previously shown to increase in xylem vessel walls and lumen. Peptide-specific antibodies and immunogold-labeling were used to demonstrate that PO-C1 is produced in the xylem parenchyma and secreted to the xylem lumen and walls. The timing of the accumulation is consistent with vessel secondary wall thickening. The PO-C1 gene is distinct but shares a high level of similarity with previously cloned pathogen-induced peroxidases in rice. PO-C1 gene expression was induced as early as 12 h during resistant interactions and peaked between 18 and 24 h after inoculation. Expression during susceptible interactions was lower than that observed in resistant interactions and was undetectable after infiltration with water, after mechanical wounding, or in mature leaves. These data are consistent with a role for vessel secondary wall thickening and peroxidase PO-C1 accumulation in the defense response in rice to X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
Time-scaled electrical networks. Properties and applications in the design of programmable analog filters (2000)

In this paper, we discuss the properties of time-scaled electrical networks. Two specific ways of implementing scaled linear networks, constant conductance scaling and constant-capacitance scaling, are reviewed along with their noise properties. We then extend time scaling to nonlinear networks. We show that constant-capacitance scaled networks are optimal with respect to noise and dynamic range, irrespective of the scaling factor.
Silicon Carbide Based Sandwich Structures: Processing and Properties (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Characterisation Results Discussion Conclusions
RETRACTED: Real understanding and investigation of crack propagation in natural teeth and dental orthodontics: Common dangerous crack paths under occlusal loads (2023)

Abstract The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.