gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From the magnetic field measurement to the numerical evaluation of the human exposure (2016)

The human exposure to low frequency magnetic fields can be assessed through the simulation of the exposure quantities within the body. This is possible when the source is known and the right-hand-side of the solving system can be calculated in terms of magnetic vector potential. This paper proposes a method to identify the source term due to the magnetic field in low frequency exposure analysis directly from the magnetic flux density. This is particularly useful when only measurements are available or when the numerical formulation does not provide the magnetic vector potential.
Formalizing behavior-based planning for nonholonomic robots (1995)

SFPQ is a ubiquitous nuclear RNA-binding protein implicated in many aspects of RNA biogenesis. Importantly, nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of SFPQ has been linked to neuropathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we describe a molecular mechanism by which SFPQ is mislocalized to the cytoplasm. We report an unexpected discovery of the infinite polymerization of SFPQ that is induced by zinc binding to the protein. The crystal structure of human SFPQ in complex with zinc at 1.94 Å resolution reveals intermolecular interactions between SFPQ molecules that are mediated by zinc. As anticipated from the crystal structure, the application of zinc to primary cortical neurons induced the cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation of SFPQ. Mutagenesis of the three zinc-coordinating histidine residues resulted in a significant reduction in the zinc-binding affinity of SFPQ in solution and the zinc-induced cytoplasmic aggregation of SFPQ in cultured neurons. Taken together, we propose that dysregulation of zinc availability and/or localization in neuronal cells may represent a mechanism for the imbalance in the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of SFPQ, which is an emerging hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including AD and ALS.
High-Throughput Characterization of Pt Supported on Thin Film Oxide Material Libraries Applied in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

Thin film metal oxide material libraries were prepared by sputter deposition of nanoscale Ti/Nb precursor multilayers followed by ex situ oxidation. The metal composition was varied from 6 at.% Nb to 27 at.% Nb. Additionally, thin wedge-type layers of Pt with a nominal thickness gradient from 0 to 5 nm were sputter-deposited on top of the oxides. The materials libraries were characterized with respect to metallic film composition, oxide thickness, phases, electrical conductivity, Pt thickness, and electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electrochemical investigations were carried out by cyclic voltammetry using an automated scanning droplet cell. For a nominal Pt thickness >1 nm, no significant dependence of the ORR activity on the Pt thickness or the substrate composition was observed. However, below that critical thickness, a strong decrease of the surface-normalized activity in terms of reduction currents and potentials was observed. For such thin Pt layers, the conductivity of the substrate seems to have a substantial impact on the catalytic activity. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements suggest that the critical Pt thickness coincides with the transition from a continuous Pt film into isolated particles at decreasing nominal Pt thickness. In the case of isolated Pt particles, the activity of Pt decisively depends on its ability to exchange electrons with the oxide layer, and hence, a dependence on the substrate conductivity is rationalized.
A Carrier for Non-Covalent Delivery of Functional Beta-Galactosidase and Antibodies against Amyloid Plaques and IgM to the Brain (2011)

The results suggest the transporter is able to transport most or all proteins to the brain without the need for chemically linking the transporter to a protein. Thus, the approach offers an avenue for rapid clinical evaluation of numerous candidate drugs against neurological diseases including cancer. (299 words).
Performance and Temperature Aware Floorplanning Optimization for 2D and 3D Microarchitectures (2006)

The main objective of this thesis is to develop a physical design tool that is capable of being used by microarchitects to evaluate the impact of their design decisions on the physical design aspects of future microprocessor development. For deep submicron technology wire delay will scale increasingly badly compared to gate delay and so will become a major bottleneck to performance improvement. Three dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) offer a new method of dealing with non-linear wire latency by allowing shorter interconnects that act within their linear region. Thermal considerations in 3D ICs will be more important than traditional designs however, so this problem must also be addressed.\nThis thesis presents a microarchitectural floorplanning tool that will help computer architects to attack the wire delay problem early in the design stages of higher performance microprocessors by including consideration of design for 3D ICs. Consideration of the new problems that occur due to the move to 3D and inherent difficulties with deep submicron design is included. Experiments demonstrate that this tool can generate microprocessor floorplans that include many objectives and continue to enhance performance into the next generation of high performance design.
Box cutter (2018)

Packed atlases, consisting of 2D parameterized charts, are ubiquitously used to store surface signals such as texture or normals. Tight packing is similarly used to arrange and cut-out 2D panels for fabrication from sheet materials. Packing efficiency , or the ratio between the areas of the packed atlas and its bounding box, significantly impacts downstream applications. We propose Box Cutter , a new method for optimizing packing efficiency suitable for both settings. Our algorithm improves packing efficiency without changing distortion by strategically cutting and repacking the atlas charts or panels. It preserves the local mapping between the 3D surface and the atlas charts and retains global mapping continuity across the newly formed cuts. We balance packing efficiency improvement against increase in chart boundary length and enable users to directly control the acceptable amount of boundary elongation. While the problem we address is NP-hard, we provide an effective practical solution by iteratively detecting large rectangular empty spaces, or void boxes , in the current atlas packing and eliminating them by first refining the atlas using strategically placed axis-aligned cuts and then repacking the refined charts. We repeat this process until no further improvement is possible, or until the desired balance between packing improvement and boundary elongation is achieved. Packed chart atlases are only useful for the applications we address if their charts are overlap-free; yet many popular parameterization methods, used as-is, produce atlases with global overlaps. Our pre-processing step eliminates all input overlaps while explicitly minimizing the boundary length of the resulting overlap-free charts. We demonstrate our combined strategy on a large range of input atlases produced by diverse parameterization methods, as well as on multiple sets of 2D fabrication panels. Our framework dramatically improves the output packing efficiency on all inputs; for instance with boundary length increase capped at 50% we improve packing efficiency by 68% on average.
Increased expression of blood mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase type 2 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important inflammatory mediator in nonhuman animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether blood mononuclear cells from patients with active RA (as compared to control subjects) have higher levels of NO synthase type 2 (NOS2) and produce more NO in vitro. Leukocytes from 25 RA patients and 20 normal subjects were examined. Arthritis activity was assessed by tender and swollen joint counts, duration of morning stiffness, patient assessment of pain, physician and patient global assessment of disease activity, the modified Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, and by blood levels of acute phase reactants. Blood mononuclear cell NOS enzyme activity/antigen content and nitrite/nitrate formation in vitro were measured. Blood mononuclear cells from RA patients had increased NOS activity and increased NOS2 antigen content as compared to those from normal subjects, and responded to interferon-gamma with increased NOS expression and nitrite/nitrate production in vitro. NOS activity of freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells correlated significantly with disease activity, as assessed by render and swollen joint counts. Our results demonstrate that patients with RA have systemic activation for NOS2 expression, and that the degree of activation correlates with disease activity. Increased NOS2 expression and NO generation may be important in the pathogenesis of RA.
Prenatal administration of multipotent adult progenitor cells modulates the systemic and cerebral immune response in an ovine model of chorioamnionitis (2022)

Systemic and cerebral inflammation following antenatal infection (e.g. chorioamnionitis) and dysregulation of the blood brain barrier (BBB) are major risk factors for abnormal neonatal brain development. Administration of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) represents an interesting pharmacological strategy as modulator of the peripheral and cerebral immune response and protector of BBB integrity. We studied the immunomodulatory and protective cerebrovascular potential of prenatally administered MAPCs in a preclinical ovine model for antenatal inflammation. Ovine fetuses were intra-amniotically (i.a.) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline at gestational day 125, followed by the intravenous administration of 1*10<sup>7</sup> MAPCs or saline at gestational day 127. Circulating inflammation markers were measured. Fetal brains were examined immuno-histochemically post-mortem at gestational day 132. Fetal plasma IL-6 levels were elevated significantly 24 h after LPS administration. <i>In utero</i> systemic MAPC treatment after LPS exposure increased Annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression in the cerebrovascular endothelium, indicating enforcement of BBB integrity, and increased the number of leukocytes at brain barriers throughout the brain. Further characterisation of brain barrier-associated leukocytes showed that monocyte/choroid plexus macrophage (IBA-1<sup>+</sup>/CD206<sup>+</sup>) and neutrophil (MPO<sup>+</sup>) populations predominantly contributed to the LPS-MAPC-induced increase of CD45<sup>+</sup>cells. In the choroid plexus, the percentage of leukocytes expressing the proresolving mediator ANXA1 tended to be decreased after LPS-induced antenatal inflammation, an effect reversed by systemic MAPC treatment. Accordingly, expression levels of ANXA1 per leukocyte were decreased after LPS and restored after subsequent MAPC treatment. Increased expression of ANXA1 by the cerebrovasculature and immune cells at brain barriers following MAPC treatment in an infectious setting indicate a MAPC driven early defence mechanism to protect the neonatal brain against infection-driven inflammation and potential additional pro-inflammatory insults in the neonatal period.
Surface characterization of poly(lactic acid)/everolimus and poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol)/everolimus stents (2010)

Two model drug eluting stents of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/everolimus and poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) copolymer (EVAL)/everolimus have been investigated using complementary surface analysis techniques including AFM, XPS, and ATR-IR to assess their structure and its relation to drug release. Different surface morphologies were observed for these stents, with phase separation evident on the PLA coating and a homogeneous system for the EVAL-based coating. This indicates a potentially different drug distribution for the different stents, although both showed a surface enrichment of the drug compared to the bulk. Dissolution studies for PLA/everolimus stents showed an immediate loss of drug from the surface as well as a longer term polymer matrix erosion. The EVAL/everolimus stent also displayed a loss of drug from its surface, but an intact surface after 28 days in dissolution media. These data are discussed in relation to the different release mechanisms occurring in the stents.
Resolution of adenylate cyclase sensitive and insensitive to Ca2+ and calcium-dependent regulatory protein (CDR) by CDR-sepharose affinity chromatography. (1979)

Partially purified adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] from bovine brain cortex was fractionated into two separate forms by calcium-dependent regulatory protein (CDR)-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The major form of the enzyme, comprising approximately 80% of the applied activity, did not bind to the affinity column in the presence of Ca2+ and was insensitive to the CDR. Approximately 20% of adenylate cyclase activity was absorbed to CDR-Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+. This activity was stimulated by Ca2+ and CDR. This study directly demonstrates that brain cortex contains Ca2+-CDR-sensitive and -insensitive forms of adenylate cyclase and indicates that CDR-Sepharose may be a useful tool for purification of adenylate cyclase. The Ca2+ -stimulated adenylate cyclase was purified at least 55-fold with a 13% yield.
Survival after Stereotactic Biopsy of Malignant Gliomas (1988)

For many patients with malignant gliomas in inaccessible or functionally important locations, stereotactic biopsy followed by radiation therapy (RT) may be a more appropriate initial treatment than craniotomy and tumor resection. We studied the long term survival in 91 consecutive patients with malignant gliomas diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy: 64 had glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 27 had anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). Sixty-four per cent of the GBMs and 33% of the AAs involved deep or midline cerebral structures. The treatment prescribed after biopsy, the tumor location, the histological findings, and the patient's age at presentation (for AAs) were statistically important factors determining patient survival. If adequate RT (tumor dose of 5000 to 6000 cGy) was not prescribed, the median survival was less than or equal to 11 weeks regardless of tumor histology or location. The median survival for patients with deep or midline tumors who completed RT was similar in AA (19.4 weeks) and GBM (27 weeks) cases. Histology was an important predictor of survival only for patients with adequately treated lobar tumors. The median survival in lobar GBM patients who completed RT was 46.9 weeks, and that in lobar AA patients who completed RT was 129 weeks. Cytoreductive surgery had no statistically significant effect on survival. Among the clinical factors examined, age of less than 40 years at presentation was associated with prolonged survival only in AA patients. Constellations of clinical features, tumor location, histological diagnosis, and treatment prescribed were related to survival time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three-dimensional Wave Packet in a Hypersonic Boundary Layer (2005)

A three-dimensional wave packet generated by a local disturbance in a hypersonic boundary layer flow is studied with the aid of the previously solved initialvalue problem. The solution to this problem can be expanded in a biorthogonal eigenfunction system as a sum of discrete and continuous modes. A specific disturbance consisting of an initial temperature spot is considered, and the receptiv ity to this initial temperature spot is computed for both the twodimensional and three-dimensional cases. Using previous analysis of the discrete and continuous spectrum, we numerically compute the inverse Fourier transform. The two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is found for Mode S, and the result is compared with the asymptotic approximation of the Fourier integral. Due to the synchronism between Mode F and entropy/vorticity modes, it is necessary to d eform the path of integration around the associated branch cut. Additionally, the inverse Fourier transform for a prescribed spanwise wave number is computed for three-dimensional Mode S. Nomenclature A = vector function (direct problem) j A = j th component of vector A B = vector function (adjoint problem) j B = j th component of vector B
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of curves from pairs of projection views in the presence of error. I. Algorithms (1997)

We have previously described an approach to 3D intracerebral vascular reconstruction that uses an MRA as a reconstruction base. Additional vessels seen only by angiography are added by segmenting 2D curves from projection angiograms and reconstructing these curves into 3D, building upon the MRA. Intracerebral vascular reconstruction is difficult for at least two reasons. First, 2D curves must be associated on projection images even when the human eye cannot do so. Second, 3D curves must be reconstructed in the presence of errors such as misregistration, image distortion, and misdefinition of 2D curves. This paper is the first of two that address the specific issue of reconstruction of a 3D curve from a given pair of 2D curves in the presence of error. The method explicitly separates what can and cannot be determined from a pair of projection views. It is also capable of recognizing interruptions produced by viewplane errors, of continuing reconstruction beyond such interruptions, and of localizing and estimating the magnitude of the interruptions. These measurements can also be used to estimate the lengths of regional disparities between a pair of 2D curves, leading to a quantitative estimate of the capacity of a pair of 2D curves to combine to create a 3D object (match value). Match values can be used, in turn, as part of the strategy for automatically associating pairs of 2D curves. This paper provides methods for reconstructing a given pair of 2D curves into 3D in the presence of error and for calculating match values. Error analysis is given in the companion report.
Age‐induced hair greying – the multiple effects of oxidative stress (2013)

An obvious sign of ageing is hair greying, or the loss of pigment production and deposition within the hair shafts. Numerous mechanisms, acting at different levels and follicular locations, contribute to hair greying, ranging from melanocyte stem cells defects to follicular melanocyte death. One key issue that is in common to these processes is oxidative damage. At the hair follicle stem cells niche, oxidative stress, accelerated by B-cell lymphoma 2 gene (BCL-2) depletion, leads to selective apoptosis and diminution of melanocyte stem cells, reducing the repopulation of newly formed anagen follicles. Melanotic bulbar melanocytes express high levels of BCL-2 to enable survival from melanogenesis- and ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks. With ageing, the bulbar melanocyte expression of anti-oxidant proteins such as BCL-2, and possibly TRP-2, is reduced, and the dedicated enzymatic anti-oxidant defence system throughout the follicle weakens, resulting in enhanced oxidative stress. A marked reduction in catalase expression and activity results in millimolar accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, contributing to bulbar melanocyte malfunction and death. Interestingly, amelanotic melanocytes at the outer root sheath (ORS) are somewhat less affected by these processes and survive for longer time even within the white, ageing hair follicles. Better understanding of the overtime susceptibility of melanocytes to oxidative stress at the different follicular locations might yield clues to possible therapies for the prevention and reversal of hair greying.
Simple Fluorescence Assay for Cystine Uptake via the xCT in Cells Using Selenocystine and a Fluorescent Probe (2021)

The cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) is a crucial transporter that maintains cellular redox balance by regulating intracellular glutathione synthesis via cystine uptake. However, no robust and simple method to determine the cystine uptake activity of xCT is currently available. We have developed a method to measure the xCT activity via the reaction of selenocysteine and fluorescein <i>O,O'</i>-diacrylate (FOdA). Selenocystine, a cystine analogue, is transported into cells through xCT on the cell membrane. The amount of the transported selenocystine was then determined by a reaction using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and FOdA in a weak acidic buffer at pH 6. Using this method, the cystine uptake activity of xCT in various cells and the inhibitory efficiency of xCT inhibitors, were evaluated.
ON COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN CONSERVATIVELY TREATED CHRONIC URAEMIA (1971)

Abstract. Factors of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems have been studied in 50 conservatively treated patients with chronic uraemia of varying origin and serum creatinine levels of 2.1–27.5 mg/100 ml. The patients were grouped according to serum creatinine level, aetiology of renal failure and actual treatment. The investigation showed that decreased platelet adhesiveness, prolonged Ivy bleeding time and bleeding tendency, increased content of certain coagulation factors (factor VIII, P &amp; P, fibrinogen), decreased fibrinolytic activity and increased content of inhibitors of plasminogen activation were common. The platelet adhesiveness decreased, the bleeding time and the bleeding tendency increased with increasing serum creatinine. Factor VIII, P &amp; P and fibrinogen tended first to rise and then to fall, while the fibrinolytic activity and the content of inhibitors of plasminogen activation did not vary with renal function. No certain correlation was found between the changes observed and the aetiology of uraemia or actual treatment.
Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS and nanodevices: reliability, testing, and characterization aspects (2011)

The last decade witnessed an explosive growth in research and development efforts devoted to MEMS devices and packaging. The successfully developed MEMS devices are, for example inkjet, pressure sensors, silicon microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, MOEMS, micro fuel cells and emerging MEMS. For the next decade, MEMS/MOEMS and nanodevice based products will penetrate into IT, telecommunications, automotive, defense, life sciences, medical and implantable applications. Forecasts say the MEMS market to be $14 billion by 2012. The packaging cost of MEMS/MOEMS products in general is about 70 percent. Unlike today's electronics IC packaging, their packaging are custom-built and difficult due to the moving structural elements. In order for the moving elements of a MEMS device to move effectively in a well-controlled atmosphere, hermetic sealing of the MEMS device in a cap is necessary. For some MEMS devices, such as resonators and gyroscopes, vacuum packaging is required. Usually, the cap is processed at the wafer level, and thus MEMS packaging is truly a wafer level packaging. In terms of MEMS/MOEMS and nanodevice packaging, there are still many critical issues need to be addressed due to the increasing integration density supported by 3D heterogeneous integration of multi-physic components/layers consisting of photonics, electronics, rf, plasmonics, and wireless. The infrastructure of MEMS/MOEMS and nanodevices and their packaging is not well established yet. Generic packaging platform technologies are not available. Some of critical issues have been studied intensively in the last years. In this paper we will discuss about processes, reliability, testing and characterization of MEMS/MOEMS and nanodevice packaging.