gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting places from traces of locations (2005)

Location-aware systems are proliferating on a variety of platforms from laptops to cell phones. Though these systems offer two principal representations in which to work with location (coordinates and landmarks) they do not offer a means for working with the user-level notion of "place". A place is a locale that is important to a user and which carries a particular semantic meaning such as "my place of work", "the place we live", or "My favorite lunch spot". Mobile devices can make more intelligent decisions about how to behave when they are equipped with this higher-level information. For example, a cell phone can switch to a silent mode when its owner enters a place where a ringer is inappropriate (e.g., a movie theater, a lecture hall, a place for personal reflection.) In this paper, we describe an algorithm for extracting significant places from a trace of coordinates. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluate the algorithm with real, long-term data collected from three participants using a Place Lab client [15], a software client that computes location coordinates by listening for RF-emissions from known radio beacons in the environment (e.g. 802.11 access points, GSM cell towers).
Computerized detection of pulmonary nodules in digital chest images: Use of morphological filters in reducing false‐positive detections (1990)

Currently, radiologists can fail to detect lung nodules in up to 30% of actually positive cases. If a computerized scheme could alert the radiologist to locations of suspected nodules, then potentially the number of missed nodules could be reduced. We are developing such a computerized scheme that involves a difference-image approach and various feature-extraction techniques. In this paper, we describe our use of digital morphological processing in the reduction of computer-identified false-positive detections. A feature-extraction technique, which includes the sequential application of nonlinear filters of erosion and dilation, is employed to reduce the camouflaging effect of ribs and vessels on nodule detection. This additional feature-extraction technique reduced the true-positive rate of the computerized scheme by 13% and the false-positive rate by 50%. In a comparison of the scheme with and without the additional feature-extraction technique, inclusion of the additional technique increased the detection sensitivity by about half at the level of three to four false-positive detections per chest image.
RFLP and Cytogenetic Analyses of Hybrids between Festuca mairei and Lolium perenne (1995)

Information is lacking on the genomic relationships between Festuca mairei St. Yves and Lolium perenne L. Tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 28, where x = the related affinity of the more closely related genome) F. mairei , diploid (2 n = 2 x = 14) L. perenne , and their intergeneric hybrids were used to determine their genomic relationships based on RFLP patterns of parental species and meiotic chromosome pairing of the hybrids. Among 41 heterologous probes randomly chosen from a F. arundinacea Pst I‐genomic library, 70 and 87% hybridized to L. perenne and F. mairei , respectively. However, different restriction patterns occurred between the two species, indicating their distant relationship. Eighteen triploid (3x) and two tetraploid hybrids between F. mairei and L. perenne were obtained. The formation of 4 x hybrids from 4 x × 2 x crosses confirmed that L. perenne is a 2 n pollen producer. Triploid and tetraploid hybrids had high levels of chromosome pairing with an average of 6.60 and 11.62 bivalents, respectively. Optimization analysis of meioses in 3 x and 4 x hybrids strongly confirmed that F. mairei is a fragmented allotetraploid with MMM′M′ genomes. The M genome is closely related to the M′ genome. The L genome of L. perenne is, however, distantly related to the M and M′ genomes.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Properties of Niobium Oxide Catalysts (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Serum level of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) as a predictor of restenosis after coronary angioplasty]. (2002)

Elevated concentrations of sPLA2 in blood serum of patients after CAP may predict restenosis. Moreover, sPLA2 may not only mark inflammation but directly participate in development of restenosis.
Modeling linguistic probabilities and linguistic quantifiers using interval type-2 fuzzy sets (2013)

In this paper, we synthesize interval type-2 fuzzy set models of linguistic probability words and linguistic quantifiers by applying the Enhanced Interval Approach to data collected from subjects about those words. We establish some user friendly sub-vocabularies of linguistic probabilities and linguistic modifiers, so that they can be used in advanced computing with words applications. The user friendly vocabularies are based on axioms of fuzzy probabilities.
Meta‐analysis: the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors for laryngeal symptoms attributed to gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (2007)

Therapy with a high-dose proton pump inhibitor is no more effective than placebo in producing symptomatic improvement or resolution of laryngo-pharyngeal symptoms. Further studies are necessary to identify the characteristics of patients that may respond to proton pump inhibitor therapy.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion—Cyclization Reaction of 2,3‐Dienyl Alcohols with Aryl Iodides in Water: Synthesis of 1‐Arylvinyl‐Substituted Epoxides. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Colour Measurements of Edible Fats (1975)

Abstract The relationship between the numerical description of the colour [expressed by the CIE parameters x, y, z] and the β‐carotene, moisture and salt contents of edible fat‐emulsions was investigated statistically. The incorporation of moisture decreased the saturation of the colour[chromaticity coordinates x, y] and increased the lightness[luminous reflectance y] of the fat containing a specified β‐carotene content/kg product[fat + moisture]. The incorporation of gas had a similar effect. The addition of salt caused a slight reverse effect. reservation equations describing the relationship between the parameters were calculated.
Synthesis of the sym-Triazine System. I. Trimerization and Cotrimerization of Amidines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the sym-Triazine System. I. Trimerization and Cotrimerization of AmidinesFred C. Schaefer, Ingenuin Hechenbleikner, Grace A. Peters, and V. P. WystrachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 6, 1466–1470Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01515a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01515a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views885Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recovery of resources from industrial wastewater employing electrochemical technologies: status, advancements and perspectives (2021)

In the last two decades, water use has increased at twice the rate of population growth. The freshwater resources are getting polluted by contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, organic waste, pathogens, fertilizers, and emerging pollutants. Globally more than 80% of the wastewater is released into the environment without proper treatment. Rapid industrialization has a dramatic effect on developing countries leading to significant losses to economic and health well-being in terms of toxicological impacts on humans and the environment through air, water, and soil pollution. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove wastewater contaminants. A physical and/or chemical technique alone appears ineffective for recovering useful resources from wastewater containing complex components. There is a requirement for more processes or processes combined with membrane and biological processes to enhance operational efficiency and quality. More processes or those that are combined with biological and membrane-based processes are required to enhance operational efficiencies and quality. This paper intends to provide an exhaustive review of electrochemical technologies including microbial electrochemical technologies. It provides comprehensive information for the recovery of metals, nutrients, sulfur, hydrogen, and heat from industrial effluents. This article aims to give detailed information into the advancements in electrochemical processes to energy use, improve restoration performance, and achieve commercialization. It also covers bottlenecks and perspectives of this research area.
Volatile rare earth chelates of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,7-decafluoro-4,6-heptanedione (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile rare earth chelates of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,7-decafluoro-4,6-heptanedioneMary Frances Richardson and Robert E. SieversCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 3, 498–504Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50097a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (830 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Heat-capacity study of tricritical behavior at the smectic-A–chiral-smectic-Cliquid-crystal transition (1990)

The smectic-A (Sm-A) to chiral-smectic-C transition has been studied by high-resolution ac calorimetry in seven mixtures of two chiral esters of 2,5-diphenyl pyrimidine (2f+3f) over the range 38.72\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{X}}_{2\mathit{f}}$\ensuremath{\le}65.30, where ${\mathit{X}}_{2\mathit{f}}$ is the mole percent of 2f. The heat-capacity results have been fit below the transition temperature using an extended mean-field model and show that the transition is quite close to a tricritical point over the entire range of composition. In all seven mixtures, the excess heat capacity above the transition temperature is observed to scale in the same manner as the Landau contribution does below the transition. This behavior is consistent with the presence of thermal fluctuations in the Sm-A phase.
Phenoxazines having various electron acceptor or donor fragments as new host materials for green phosphorescent OLEDs : research article (2020)

art. no. 107839
Magnetic Properties of Mn and Fe-Implanted p-GaN (2001)

The structural and magnetic properties of p-GaN implanted with high doses of Mn+ or Fe% (0.1–5 at%) and subsequently annealed at 700–1000 °C were examined by transmission electron microscopy, selected-area diffraction patterns, X-ray diffraction and SQUID magnetometry. The implanted samples showed paramagnetic behavior on a large diamagnetic background signal for implantation doses below 3 at% Mn or Fe. At higher doses the samples showed signatures of ferromagnetism with Curie temperatures <250 K for Mn and <150 K for Fe implantation. The structural analysis of the Mn-implanted GaN showed regions consistent with the formation of GaxMn1—xN platelets occupying ∼5% of the implanted volume. An estimate of ∼(5.5 ± 1.9)μB per Mn was obtained, consistent with the expected value (5.0) for a half-filled shell. The formation of secondary phases such as MnxGay or MnxNy was excluded by careful diffraction analysis. The implantation process may have application in forming selected-area contact regions for spin-polarized carrier injection in device structures and in enabling a quick determination of the Curie temperatures in dilute magnetic semiconductor host materials.
Acoustic radiation force enhances targeted delivery of ultrasound contrast microbubbles: in vitro verification (2005)

Recent research has shown that targeted ultrasound contrast microbubbles achieve specific adhesion to regions of intravascular pathology, but not in areas of high flow. It has been suggested that acoustic radiation can be used to force free-stream microbubbles toward the target, but this has not been verified for actual targeted contrast agents. We present evidence that acoustic radiation indeed increases the specific targeted accumulation of microbubbles. Lipid microbubbles bearing an antibody as a targeting ligand were infused through a microcapillary flow chamber coated with P-selectin as the target protein. A 2.0 MHz ultrasonic pulse was applied perpendicular to the flow direction. Microbubble accumulation was observed on the flow chamber surface opposite the transducer. An acoustic pressure of 122 kPa enhanced microbubble adhesion up to 60-fold in a microbubble concentration range of 0.25 x 10(6) to 75 x 106) ml(-1). Acoustic pressure mediated the greatest adhesion enhancement at concentrations within the clinical dosing range. Acoustic pressure enhanced targeting nearly 80-fold at a wall shear rate of 1244 s(-1), suggesting that this mechanism is appropriate for achieving targeted microbubble delivery in high-flow vessels. Microbubble adhesion increased with the square of acoustic pressure between 25 and 122 kPa, and decreased substantially at higher pressures.
Theory of the Transverse-Current Traveling-Wave Tube (1956)

An analysis is presented of a traveling-wave tube in which unmodulated dc current is continuously introduced along the length of the tube and is removed after traveling a fixed distance in the presence of the circuit field. This change in the dc current distribution as compared with that of a conventional traveling-wave tube results in three forward growing waves instead of one, one growing exponentially as in the conventional tube, one growing linearly, and one growing as the square of distance. Expressions for the over-all gain of a forward-wave amplifier of this type are derived as a function of the usual parameters plus an additional parameter related to the distance traveled by electrons in the interaction space. The power output of this device is found to depend on saturation of individual current elements rather than of the beam as a whole, with the result that, after saturation is once reached, the power output is independent of input power. An estimate of the value of the saturation power level is obtained from the linear analysis.
Morphology and Thickness Control of Thin Copper Films Prepared by Electrochemical Deposition onto Mo-sputtered Stainless Steel Substrates (2012)

Chalcopyrite thin film solar cells of copper (Cu), indium (In), gallium (Ga) and selenium (Se) (CIGS) are receiving much attention, because they show high efficiency and longterm stability. 1 Methods to prepare CIGS light absorber layers include co-evaporation of elemental sources, 2 physical vapor deposition, 3 printing and electrochemical deposition. 4 Among those, electrochemical deposition is considered as an excellent technique for large area processing with good uniformity, low cost, and high material yield. 5 Electrodeposition of CIGS precursor films can be performed by using either single step or multistep process. Although Bhattacharya et al. have reported the development of a 15.4% efficiency CIGS cell by employing a single-bath electrochemical deposition following physical vapor deposition, 6 no other laboratory has reproduced it. The multistep process can be two or three stage process; some examples of such stacks are like Cu/In/Ga, Cu-Ga/In/Se, Cu/In/Ga-Se, Cu/In-Se/Ga-Se, etc. 7-9 For successful industrialization of CIGS solar cells, control of metal layers is required in morphology, thickness, and production speed. The objective of this study was to fabricate the targeted copper thin film onto Mo/SUS substrates by electrochemical deposition for CIGS thin film solar cell precursor. Morphology and thickness of copper thin film onto the Mo/SUS are very important factors because film’s surface condition can affect electrochemical deposition of the next layers of In, Ga, and Se before thermal selenization process. In this work, we wish to report our preliminary work on the electrochemical conditions that can produce a uniform thin copper metal layer onto the Mo sputtered stainless steel (Mo/SUS) flexible substrate for short time (sec). Mo/SUS substrate has the advantages of weight lighter than soda lime glass, of installation to the building integrated photovoltaic and of roll-to-roll manufacturing leading to substantial cost reductions due to enhanced productivity. All chemicals were analytical grade. Double-distilled water was used throughout. The electrochemical experiment was performed in a freshly prepared 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M CuSO4 baths containing various concentrations of (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 M) H2SO4. Two-electrode configurations were used for deposition of Cu thin film. Hull cell test was performed in order to find the current density. The 100 × 100 mm 2 Mo/
Texture of polycrystalline metals characterized by ultrasonic velocity measurements (1987)

An ultrasonic method is presented for the nondestructive evaluation of the rolling texture in polycrystalline aggregate of cubic metals. Use is made of the elastic anisotropy measured by the propagation velocities of Rayleigh surface waves and surface skimming SH waves in the rolling plane. These velocity anisotropies permit the evaluation of the lowest three coefficients in the series expansion of the orientation distribution function and then enable the calculation of ‘‘ultrasonic pole figures’’ for the surface texture. The correspondence with the conventional x-ray pole figures is comparatively good for the aluminum alloy tested, showing that the ultrasonic pole figures properly approximate the conventional x-ray pole figures. The limitation and application are discussed.
Chitinolytic activities in Bacillus thuringiensis and their synergistic effects on larvicidal activity (2002)

This is the first investigation devoted exclusively to analyse the distribution of chitinase in B. thuringiensis. It infers that the chitinase produced by B. thuringiensis might play a role in the activity of the biopesticide.
Self-aligned GaAs p-channel enhancement mode MOS heterostructure field-effect transistor (2002)

Self-aligned GaAs enhancement mode MOS heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOS-HFET) have been successfully fabricated for the first time. The MOS devices employ a Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate oxide, an undoped Al/sub 0.75/Ga/sub 0.25/As spacer layer, and undoped In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As as channel layer. The p-channel devices with a gate length of 0.6 μm exhibit a maximum DC transconductance g/sub m/ of 51 mS/mm which is an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude over previously reported results. With the demonstration of a complete process flow and 66% of theoretical performance, GaAs MOS technology has moved into the realm of reality.
Evidence for exclusive γγ → W + W − production and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ and 8 TeV (2016)

A search for exclusive or quasi-exclusive W + W -production, via pp p ( * ) W + W -p ( * ) p ( * ) e p ( * ) at s = 8 TeV, is reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 . Events are selected by requiring the presence of an electron-muon pair with large transverse momentum p T ( e ) > 30 GeV, and no associated charged particles detected from the same vertex. The 8 TeV results are combined with the previous 7 TeV results (obtained for 5.05 fb -1 of data). In the signal region, 13 (2) events are observed over an expected background of 3.9 0.6 (0.84 0.15) events for 8 (7) TeV, resulting in a combined excess of 3.4 over the background-only hypothesis. The observed yields and kinematic distributions are compatible with the standard model prediction for exclusive and quasi-exclusive W + W -production. Upper limits on the anomalous quartic gauge coupling operators a W 0,C (dimension-6) and f M 0,1,2,3 (dimension-8), the most stringent to date, are derived from the measured dilepton transverse momentum spectrum.
Why Jokes are Funny and the Language of the New Testament (2018)

Doctoral Presentation
VISUAL INCONVENIENCE CAUSED BY TRAFFIC (1978)

This article describes an investigation of the influence of roads and traffic on the appraisal of the image of residential streets. The appraisal has been quantified and a connection between visual judgement and some objective, measurable, environmental factors has been found. The average assessment of ten pictures of residential streets proved to be described by a predictor used in England by the Department of the Environment. It was not possible to find a connection between the assessments and some social characteristics. A considerable part of the variation in assessments remains unexplained. /TRRL/
Helse- og miljørisikovurdering av genmodifisert bomullshybrid MON 88913 x MON 15985 fra Monsanto (EFSA/GMO/UK/2007/42) (2009)

Helse- og miljørisikovurderingen av den insektsresistente og herbicidtolerante bomullshybriden MON 88913 x MON 15985 fra Monsanto (EFSA/GMO/UK/2007/42) er utført av Faggruppe forgenmodifiserte organismer i Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet. Mattilsynet og Direktoratet for naturforvalting (DN) ber Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet om å vurdere den genmodifiserte bomullshybriden MON 88913 x MON 15985 til import og prosessering, og til bruk i næringsmidler og fôrvarer. Søknaden gjelder ikke dyrking eller bruk av hele bomullsfrø som mat.