gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalised interfaces mimicking photosynthesis (2001)

Nature has developed different types of photosynthetic molecular assemblies in bacteria, algae and plants. However, in each case the conversion of light into the universal energy currency ATP and the reduction equivalent NADPH is the starting point of anabolic metabolism. We are working on systems where designed interfaces are carrying out these reactions by coupled photoelectrochemistry. In a first step towards mimicking process of ATP regeneration in an artificial membrane we have combined the stability of a solid-supported tethered lipid membrane [1] based on archaebacterial lipids with the light-to-electrochemical energy converting protein, bacteriorhodopsin (bR) [2]. The tethered membrane system is formed onto gold substrates by a gold-sulfur self-assembly process. The membrane spanning lipid contains both a 4nm lipid region as well as a 4nm hydrophilic, oligoethylene glycol region which forms an ionic reservoir between the gold electrode and the lipid membrane Using electrical and electrochemical techniques we have shown that bR can be successfully incorporated and oriented into such tethered lipid membranes. This was seen as a directed proton flux across the lipid membrane into the ionic reservoir in the presence of light. Results obtained were similar to those obtained with Black Lipid Membrane experiments [3]. The current system combines relatively high photoresponses with the stability of tethered archaebacterial lipid membranes. This type of artificial lipid membrane has the potential to act as a matrix for other membrane proteins. An additional advantage of the ionic reservoir is that it allows the incorporation of membrane proteins with large extracellular regions. Incorporation of F0F1-ATPase, which can use the pH gradient to synthesise ATP is one next step in the production of an artificial leaf. The possibility to use these anchor molecules to immobilise redoxcouples like methylviologen and Flavoenzymes [4] to reduce electroenzymatic NADP+ and electron donor, pigment, acceptor multilayer assemblies to supply the electricity are discussed.
High-performance TFTs with Si nanowire channels enhanced by metal-induced lateral crystallization (2006)

Thin-film transistors with poly-Si nanowire (NW) channels enhanced by metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) are reported. The new device features a side-gate with self-aligned NW channels abutting the sidewalls of the gate structure. By adopting the MILC technique, the crystallinity of the NW channels is greatly enhanced, compared to those formed by solid-phase crystallization. As a result, the electrical performance of the devices could be significantly enhanced in terms of reduced subthreshold swing and threshold voltage as well as improved field-effect mobility.
Evidence of Neural Microstructure Abnormalities in Type I Chiari Malformation: Associations Among Fiber Tract Integrity, Pain, and Cognitive Dysfunction (2020)

Diffuse microstructural abnormalities appear to be a feature of CMI, manifesting predominantly as greater FA and less diffusivity on DTI sequences. These white matter changes are associated with the subjective pain experience of CMI patients and may reflect reactivity to neuroinflammatory responses. However, this hypothesis will require further deliberate testing in future studies.
Modelling the Temperature Distribution along the Length of Strip during Hot Rolling Process (2004)

Hot strip rolling process includes four main stages, which are reheating process, roughing and finishing process, laminar‐cooling process, and coiling process respectively. Temperature is the most sensitive parameter and has direct effect on the microstructural evolution and further the mechanical properties, and the accurate control of temperature guarantees the quality of products and homogeneity of properties along the strip length. However, for the conventional hot strip rolling process, thermal history along the strip length is very complex, the related temperature variation concerns air cooling, water cooling, heat transmission by roll contact, heat generation by deformation and friction. Based on the actual hot strip mill, the thermal models are established in this paper to simulate the temperature distribution along the whole strip length from the reheating furnace exit to the down coiler. Different interface heat transmission coefficients are selected for the scale breaking and spray water‐cooling process, and a self‐learning algorithm is thus employed to improve the calculation accuracy. This model is characterized as simple and fast, and convenient for on‐line/off‐line prediction of temperature. Finally the simulated results are verified by the on‐line temperature detection at typical points such as roughing exit (RT2), finishing exit (FT7) and coiling position (CT).
A polarization independent guided-wave LiNbO/sub 3/ electrooptic switch employing polarization diversity (1991)

A 2*2 lithium niobate optical switch is demonstrated which uses polarization diversity to obtain polarization-independent operations with good crosstalk, a simple electrical drive configuration, and low drive voltage. The switch, on Z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/, is suitable for operation at 1.3 mu m with standard single-mode fibers. Resonant metal-loaded directional coupler mode-splitters enable the processing of each polarization component to be separately optimized. Switching voltages of 7 V for transverse magnetic and 24 V for transverse electric components have been achieved using a single substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sum-rate performance and impact of self-interference cancellation on full-duplex wireless systems (2013)

We consider full-duplex (FD) bidirectional communication between a pair of nodes and investigate the impact of residual self-interference on sum-rate performance. We first analyze a situation where channel state information is available only at receiver (CSIR). For this case, we derive an exact expression and a lower bound to the sum-rate performance of FD and hence characterize the effect of residual self-interference. The study shows that, FD sum-rate performance is limited by the effective signal-to-residual self-interference power ratio (effective SIR). In particular, for a fixed effective SIR, FD achieves almost twice the sum-rate of half-duplex (HD) in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes whilst FD performance is surpassed by HD in high SNR regions. A closed-form approximation to this crossover SNR is derived. We then investigate the sum-rate of FD assuming channel state information is available to both transmitter and receiver (CSIT). Comparison of FD sum-rates of CSIR and CSIT shows that, in low SNR regions, a significant benefit can be achieved with CSIT while the gain is small in high SNR levels.
Assessing the Attack Threat due to IRC Channels (2006)

This practical experience report presents the results of an investigation into the threat of attacks associated with the chat medium IRC. A combination of simulated users (i.e., bots), some configured with scripts that simulated conversations, and regular users were used. The average number of attacks per day a user on IRC can expect, the effect of channel activity, gender based on the name, and network type on the number of attacks were determined. The social structure of IRC channels and the types of users that use it were analyzed. The results indicate that attacks through IRC channels come from human users selecting targets rather than automated scripts targeting every user in a channel
Relating the Early Evolution of Microstructure with the Electrochemical Response and Mechanical Performance of a Cu-Rich and Cu-Lean 7xxx Aluminum Alloy (2012)

In this work AA7150 and AA7079 were studied as examples of 7xxx aluminum alloys with a high and low Cu content. The alloys were carefully examined to determine the evolution (incl. density and size) of precipitates during heat-treatment using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Such characterization made it possible to relate the evolution of microstructure to specific properties such as electrochemical response (including metastable pitting analysis), hardness and crack growth rate (from SCC testing). The results revealed several important findings, indicating that there is a critical precipitate size above which a transition in electrochemical response occurs; in addition it is seen that Cu has an important role in both metastable pitting and crack propagation. The corrosion initiation and propagation phases are distinct in their mechanisms, and this is a function of the nature and state of the precipitates. Increased aging times increased the metastable pitting rate and SCC velocity in the Cu-lean alloy, whereas increased aging times decreased the metastable pitting rate the Cu-rich alloy. A correlation between metastable pitting rate and stable pitting is also presented.
Characterization Tests for Mineral Fillers Related to Performance of Asphalt Paving Mixtures (1998)

Various studies have shown that the properties of mineral filler, especially the material passing through a 0.075-mm (No. 200) sieve (generally called P200 material), have a significant effect on the performance of asphalt paving mixtures in terms of permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and moisture susceptibility. However, researchers have employed different characterization tests for evaluating the P200 materials. This study was undertaken to determine which P200 characterization tests are most related to the performance of asphalt paving mixtures. Six P200 materials representing a wide range of mineralogical composition and particle size were used. These P200 materials were characterized by six tests including Rigden voids, particle size analysis, and methylene blue test. Mixes were prepared with two fines to asphalt ratios (0.8 and 1.5) by weight. Mix validation tests included the Superpave shear test for evaluating permanent deformation and fatigue cracking, and the Hamburg wheel tracking test and AASHTO T283 for evaluating moisture susceptibility of the 12 mixtures containing different P200 materials and fines to asphalt ratios. The particle sizes in microns corresponding to 60 and 10 percent passing and the methylene blue test were determined to be related to the performance of asphalt paving mixtures.
The Effect of Definitions and Cancer Prevalence on Diagnostic Yield Estimates of Bronchoscopy: A Simulation-based Analysis (2023)

<b>Rationale:</b> Studies of bronchoscopy have reported diagnostic yield (DY) using different calculation methods, which has hindered comparisons across studies. <b>Objectives:</b> To quantify the effect of the variability of four methods on DY estimates of bronchoscopy. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a simulation-based analysis of patients undergoing bronchoscopy using variations around base case assumptions for cancer prevalence (60%), distribution of nonmalignant findings, and degree of follow-up information at a fixed sensitivity of bronchoscopy for malignancy (80%). We calculated DY, the rate of true positives and true negatives (TNs), using four methods. Method 1 considered malignant and specific benign findings at index bronchoscopy as true positives and TNs, respectively. Method 2 included nonspecific benign findings as TNs. Method 3 considered nonspecific benign findings cases as TNs only if follow-up confirmed benign disease. Method 4 counted all cases with a nonmalignant diagnosis as TNs if follow-up confirmed benign disease. A scenario analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted to demonstrate the effect of parameter estimates on DY. A change in DY of >10% was considered clinically meaningful. <b>Results:</b> Across all pairwise comparisons of the four methods, a DY difference of >10% was observed in 76.7% of cases (45,992 of 60,000 comparisons). Method 4 resulted in DY estimates that were >10% higher than estimates made with other methods in >90% of scenarios. Variation in cancer prevalence had a large effect on DY. <b>Conclusions:</b> Across a wide range of clinical scenarios, the categorization of nonmalignant findings at index bronchoscopy and cancer prevalence had the largest impact on DY. The large variability in DY estimates across the four methods limits the interpretation of bronchoscopy studies and warrants standardization.
P‐32: Pixel Defects and Visual Performance — Effect of Character Weight on a Small High‐Density Display (2006)

Abstract The amount and type of pixel defects on a small high‐density display were varied to find out how the defects alter visual performance. The effect of character weight on the decrements caused by pixel faults was of particular interest. Visual performance was examined by using the Pseudo‐text search task, and subjective evaluations of visual comfort and defect visibility were included. The results provide further evidence to the former finding that, even though noticed, a small number of defects do not decrease visual performance. Furthermore, increase in vertical thickness of the displayed characters reduces the decrements further.
DMFC Durability and Performance Degradation Mechanisms (2008)

Abstract not Available.
On the Origin of the Pre-plasticizer Effect of the Composite Electrode for Lithium Batteries (2007)

International audience
Headache (1984)

Background/Aim: Oncolytic reovirus, which is a non-enveloped virus possessing a 10-segmented double-stranded RNA genome, has been anticipated as a novel class of antitumor agent. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to be a target suitable for reovirus-mediated virotherapy. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. TGF-β-signaling inhibitors have proceeded to clinical trials as potential antitumor agents for HCC. On the other hand, TGF-β is involved in induction of expression of cathepsins B and L, which are important for reovirus infection. It remains to be examined whether TGF-β signaling inhibitors affect reovirus-mediated lysis of HCC cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TGF-β-signaling inhibitors on tumor cell lysis efficiency of reovirus in human HCC cells. Materials and Methods: Reovirus was added to four types of human HCC cell lines pretreated with one of three TGF-β type I receptor inhibitors: SB431542, A-83-01, or galunisertib (LY2157299). Cell viability, virus genome copy numbers, and virus protein expression were evaluated following reovirus infection. Results: SB431542 significantly inhibited reovirus-mediated killing of human HCC cell lines, while A-83-01 and galunisertib did not inhibit. Conclusion: These data indicate that SB431542 inhibited reovirus-mediated lysis of human HCC cells in a TGF-β signaling-independent manner.
High-temperature oxidation mechanisms of m- and p-xylene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-temperature oxidation mechanisms of m- and p-xyleneJ. L. Emdee, K. Brezinsky, and I. GlassmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4, 1626–1635Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100157a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100157a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Biomarkers in heart failure (2010)

Cardiovascular disease has emerged as one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality among adult populations. As medical advances have enabled more patients to survive post-myocardial insult, the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) has exploded. It is now estimated that 5 million people in the USA live with CHF, and that approximately 550 000 new cases are diagnosed each year.1 Hospitalisations for heart failure have increased dramatically from 402 000 in 1979 to 1 101 000 in 2004 (National Hospital Discharge Survey), and the cost of CHF is now estimated at US$56 billion a year, 70% of which is due to hospitalisation.1 Among a variety of proposed heart failure treatment modalities, cardiac biomarkers have emerged as powerful adjuncts to standardised clinical care in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute heart failure (AHF).

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is first synthesised in the myocytes as a 132 amino acid intracellular precursor known as preproBNP. During decompensation, volume overload and high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure cause the ventricle walls to stretch, triggering the cleavage and release of preproBNP as the biologically active 32 amino acid hormone BNP and its inactive N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP). Once released, BNP has pronounced natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilating properties, working to dramatically reduce volume overload and hypertension in patients. BNP is then believed to be removed quickly from circulation (half-life of 22 min) by both NP receptor endocytosis and endopeptidase enzymatic degradation.2 In contrast, NT-proBNP is suspected to be cleared from the plasma largely by renal excretion, and thus has slower fluctuations in circulating concentrations as well as a notably longer half-life of 60–120 min.2 In general, BNP and NT-proBNP values are reasonably correlated, and either can be used in patient care settings as long as their respective absolute values and cut points are not used interchangeably.

In …
Synthesis of Monodisperse Silica Nanoparticles Dispersable in Non‐Polar Solvents (2010)

Abstract Three synthetic routes to hydrophobic silica nanoparticles are compared in this paper. First, the established synthetic method based on the Stöber process was examined. Monodisperse colloidal silica particles with diameters of 15–25 nm were prepared via the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) by aqueous ammonia in ethanol. The surfaces of these particles were rendered hydrophobic with octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) after the reaction or, more conveniently, during the growth phase. Secondly, silica particles with diameters of 15–50 nm were prepared using a one‐pot synthesis in which TEOS was hydrolyzed by an amino acid and the resulting particles were coated with ODTMS. Lastly a novel, direct approach to the synthesis of hydrophobic organosilica nanoparticles was developed using ODTMS as the single silica source. Hydrolysis of the ODTMS by aqueous ammonia in ethanol yielded monodisperse colloidal organosilica particles with diameters of 15–30 nm.
Workload-indexed blood pressure response to a maximum exercise test among professional indoor athletes (2020)

Athletes in the lowest SBP/MET slope quartile displayed the lowest maximum sBP but achieved a higher workload than athletes classified into the other SBP/MET slope groups. This simple, novel metric might help to distinguish a normal from an exaggerated BPR to exercise, to identify athletes at risk of developing hypertension.
Inductive Graph Neural Networks for Spatiotemporal Kriging (2020)

Time series forecasting and spatiotemporal kriging are the two most important tasks in spatiotemporal data analysis. Recent research on graph neural networks has made substantial progress in time series forecasting, while little attention has been paid to the kriging problem -- recovering signals for unsampled locations/sensors. Most existing scalable kriging methods (e.g., matrix/tensor completion) are transductive, and thus full retraining is required when we have a new sensor to interpolate. In this paper, we develop an Inductive Graph Neural Network Kriging (IGNNK) model to recover data for unsampled sensors on a network/graph structure. To generalize the effect of distance and reachability, we generate random subgraphs as samples and reconstruct the corresponding adjacency matrix for each sample. By reconstructing all signals on each sample subgraph, IGNNK can effectively learn the spatial message passing mechanism. Empirical results on several real-world spatiotemporal datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. In addition, we also find that the learned model can be successfully transferred to the same type of kriging tasks on an unseen dataset. Our results show that: 1) GNN is an efficient and effective tool for spatial kriging; 2) inductive GNNs can be trained using dynamic adjacency matrices; 3) a trained model can be transferred to new graph structures and 4) IGNNK can be used to generate virtual sensors.
Algorithm development for Power System Contingency screening and ranking using Voltage-Reactive Power Performance Index (2016)

Contingency Analysis is an analysis of a power system to determine the severity of an outage to the whole system. In this paper, the researchers made a MATLAB program that screened and ranked all the n-2 and n-1 contingencies present in IEEE 14-Bus System. Over all, IEEE 14-Bus system has 5 generators and 20 transmission lines comprising of 325 possible outage cases. The researchers used Fast Decoupled Load Flow method for the load flow analysis of the system for each outage case since it is more simplified than other methods. Also, to determine the severity of each outage cases, the researchers used Performance Indices specifically the Voltage-Reactive Performance index as an indicator whether the outage happened is critical or not. With this MATLAB program, power system operator can easily determine the severity of the outage of a given power system and what action must be done.
DNA Integration by Ty Integrase in yku70Mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells (2000)

In the present work we examined nonhomologous integration of plasmid DNA in a yku70 mutant. Ten of 14 plasmids integrated as composite elements, including Ty sequences probably originating from erroneous strand-switching and/or priming events. Three additional plasmids integrated via Ty integrase without cointegrating Ty sequences, as inferred from 5-bp target site duplication and integration site preferences. Ty integrase-mediated integration of non-Ty DNA has never been observed in wild-type cells, although purified integrase is capable of using non-Ty DNA as a substrate in vitro. Hence our data implicate yKu70 as the cellular function preventing integrase from accepting non-Ty DNA as a substrate.