gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of adipocyte-specific gene expression is correlated with mammary tumor regression by the retinoid X receptor-ligand LGD1069 (targretin). (2000)

Targretin (LGD1069; a high-affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptors) is an efficacious chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary carcinoma model. To evaluate the molecular action of LGD1069 in mammary carcinoma we have examined gene expression patterns in controls and nonresponding tumors compared with tumors undergoing regression (responding) by LGD1069. When compared with controls or nonresponding tumors, the expression of adipocyte-related genes such as adipocyte P2 (aP2), adipsin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), and lipoprotein lipase was elevated in LGD1069-responding tumors. Further analysis showed that gene expression changes occurred rapidly, in as little as 6 h, after the first dose of LGD1069. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that aP2 protein was also highly expressed in responding tumors when compared with control or nonresponding tumors. More importantly, aP2 protein was localized in the tumor cells in addition to the adipocytes present in the tumors. Similar changes in gene expression and inhibition in growth were seen in tumor cells (cloned from N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced carcinoma) exposed to LGD1069 in vitro. These data suggest that tumor regression by LGD1069 involves differentiation induction along the adipocyte lineage.
Magnetic microfluidic microsystems (Bio-Mag-MEMS) combining magnetophoresis and dielectrophoris for cell sorting (2012)

International audience
Line centers, pressure shift, and pressure broadening of 1530-1560 nm hydrogen cyanide wavelength calibration lines (2005)

We have measured the line centers and pressure-induced shift and broadening of 25 lines in the 2nu3 rotational-vibrational band of hydrogen cyanide H13C14N. These lines can be used as wavelength references in the optical fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing C-band (approximately 1530-1565 nm). We find that the pressure shift varies with line number from +0.09 pm/kPa to -0.15 pm/kPa (approximately -1.5 to +2.5 MHz/Torr). The pressure broadening also varies with line number and is typically between 1 and 5.4 pm/kPa (17-90 MHz/Torr). We determined the line centers of 21 lines with an expanded uncertainty (2sigma) of 0.01 pm (approximately 1 MHz), an improvement of more than 1 order of magnitude over previous line center measurements of this band. We also calculate the molecular constants for the band, yielding improved determination of the band origin frequency and the excited-state molecular constants.
Semantically rich application‐centric security in Android (2011)

ABSTRACT Smartphones are now ubiquitous. However, the security requirements of these relatively new systems and the applications they support are still being understood. As a result, the security infrastructure available in current smartphone operating systems is largely underdeveloped. In this paper, we consider the security requirements of smartphone applications and augment the existing Android operating system with a framework to meet them. We present Secure Application INTeraction (Saint), a modified infrastructure that governs install‐time permission assignment and their run‐time use as dictated by application provider policy. An in‐depth description of the semantics of application policy is presented. The architecture and technical detail of Saint are given, and areas for extension, optimization, and improvement are explored. We demonstrate through a concrete example and study of real‐world applications that Saint provides necessary utility for applications to assert and control the security decisions on the platform. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Data Analysis in the Development of Intelligent Energy Networks (2017)

Data analysis plays an important role in the development of intelligent energy networks (IENs). This article reviews and discusses the application of data analysis methods for energy big data. The installation of smart energy meters has provided a huge volume of data at different time resolutions, suggesting data analysis is required for clustering, demand forecasting, energy generation optimization, energy pricing, monitoring and diagnostics. The currently adopted data analysis technologies for IENs include pattern recognition, machine learning, data mining, statistics methods, etc. However, existing methods for data analysis cannot fully meet the requirements for processing the big data produced by the IENs and, therefore, more comprehensive data analysis methods are needed to handle the increasing amount of data and to mine more valuable information.
SpecNet: spectrum sensing sans frontières (2011)

While the under-utilization of licensed spectrum based on measurement studies conducted in a few developed countries has spurred lots of interest in opportunistic spectrum access, there exists no infrastructure today for measuring real-time spectrum occupancy across vast geographical regions. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of SpecNet, a first-of-its-kind platform that allows spectrum analyzers around the world to be networked and efficiently used in a coordinated manner for spectrum measurement as well as implementation and evaluation of distributed sensing applications. We demonstrate the value of SpecNet through three applications: 1) remote spectrum measurement, 2) primary transmitter coverage estimation and 3) Spectrum-Cop, which quickly identifies and localizes transmitters in a frequency range and geographic region of interest.
Regeneratively stabilized 4th order rational harmonic mode-locked erbium doped fiber laser operating at 40Gb/s (2005)

We report a long term stabilized 4th order rational harmonic mode-locked (RHML) erbium doped fiber laser operating at 40Gb/s. The cavity length drift induced laser instability is overcomed by constructing a modified regenerative type feedback loop to actively adjust the modulation frequency of the 10GHz driving signal. The 4th RHML fiber laser is tested to be highly stable against environmental perturbations.
Effects of Different Chloroplast DNA Types on Tuber Yield in the Andean and Chilean Tetraploid Potatoes -Preliminary Report (1993)

葉緑体DNA型を決定したアンデス原産4倍性バレイショ(Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena)61系統とチリ原産4倍性バレイショ(S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum)15系統について,長日条件下で圃場で栽培し,収量を比較した。T型葉緑体DNAをもつものは,A,S,C,およびW型葉緑体DNA型をもつものに比べ一般に高い収量が得られた。A,S,C,およびW型間では収量に有意な差は見られなかった。一方,各系統の採集地,すなわち緯度の違いによって収量が連続的に変化し,低緯度地域から高緯度地域へと収量が増加する傾向が認められた。T型葉緑体DNAをもつものは,いずれも高緯度地域にあるので,T型で見られた高い収量が真に葉緑体DNAの違いによるものか,あるいはむしろ核DNAに起因するものか,本研究からは明かではない。
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Indications, Technique, and Results (2005)

The surgical treatment of glenohumeral arthritis with rotator cuff deficiency is a difficult challenge. Hemiarthroplasty, the standard treatment at this time, is associated with satisfactory results in a “limited goals” perspective, but often the clinical results are unpredictable. Elevation after hemiarthroplasty approximately 90°. Pain relief can be inconsistent and can deteriorate over time. Constrained prostheses, including ball and socket and reverse ball and socket designs, were introduced in the 1970s to improve upon the results of arthroplasty in this challenging population. Unfortunately, clinical results were inconsistent using these designs, and rates of mechanical loosening and revision were high. The only design that survived has been the prosthesis of Paul Grammont (Dijon, France). His Delta III Prosthesis (DePuy, Warsaw IN) has been in use in its current form since 1992, with good clinical results and relatively low mechanical loosening rates compared with the ball and socket and reversed ball and socket designs of the past. This design is also utilized by the Tornier Aequalis Reversed Prosthesis (Tornier SA, Montbonnot, FR). In Europe, and more recently in the United States, this prosthetic design has proven useful in treating patients with glenohumeral arthritis with extensive cuff deficiency, proximal humeral fracture nonunions and malunions, and failed arthroplasty with a deficient rotator cuff. Predictably good results can be obtained in these difficult circumstances, with good pain relief and elevation often exceeding the horizontal. Active rotation, however, is usually not improved. Complication rates are low in patients with cuff tear arthritis and relatively high in revision arthroplasty cases. As with all revision operations, be they failed cuff repairs or failed prosthetic replacements, there is a higher risk of lingering low grade infections. Results can be optimized and complications minimized with proper patient selection, fastidious surgical technique, and proper postoperative rehabilitation.
Science, Eugenics and Utopia. Comparing scientific humanism and liberal eugenics on human genetic enhancement (2006)

When we come across the word ‘eugenics’ it is impossible to avoid thinking of Hitler’s eugenics and racial project. The latter, however, is hardly representative of eugenics. According to the definition provided by the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, eugenics is ‘a scientific attempt to improve the human gene pool’, which includes not only genetic engineering technologies but also the practice of husbandry, which some scientific utopias proposed to extend to human reproduction already in the seventeenth century. This is the historical background inspiring the most important theories of eugenics of the twentieth century. In the paper, I will first outline and compare Huxley’s centrally planned eugenics to the liberal type of eugenics recently proposed by Nicholas Agar. In Huxley’s view, eugenics was a social science with a genetic background, which required both public coordination of genetic enhancement and social planning. In contrast, Agar argues that, as long as it is entirely left to market regulation, not only eugenics is compatible with the liberal ideology but it actually constitutes the ultimate fulfilment of liberal society. In spite of remarkable differences, Huxley’s and Agar’s eugenics share the same utopian dream of physical and social perfection, which arguably finds its origins in the philosophical shift that led Puritan medicine to switch from treating human diseases but to improving the performances of the human body. This conception later found different expressions, depending on the dominant political ideology of the time. As a result, Huxley proposed eugenics in a context of social planning and collective internationalism whilst Agar has recently reformulated eugenics in a context of liberalism, individualism and market economy. Yet, whether through social planning or radical liberalisation, eugenics keeps being a crucial issue in the contemporary political agenda, never ceasing to be an inspiring dream as well as a tragic nightmare.
Routing with Self-Attention for Multimodal Capsule Networks (2021)

The task of multimodal learning has seen a growing interest recently as it allows for training neural architectures based on different modalities such as vision, text, and audio. One challenge in training such models is that they need to jointly learn semantic concepts and their relationships across different input representations. Capsule networks have been shown to perform well in context of capturing the relation between low-level input features and higher-level concepts. However, capsules have so far mainly been used only in small-scale fully supervised settings due to the resource demand of conventional routing algorithms. We present a new multimodal capsule network that allows us to leverage the strength of capsules in the context of a multimodal learning framework on large amounts of video data. To adapt the capsules to large-scale input data, we propose a novel routing by self-attention mechanism that selects relevant capsules which are then used to generate a final joint multimodal feature representation. This allows not only for robust training with noisy video data, but also to scale up the size of the capsule network compared to traditional routing methods while still being computationally efficient. We evaluate the proposed architecture by pretraining it on a large-scale multimodal video dataset and applying it on four datasets in two challenging downstream tasks. Results show that the proposed multimodal capsule network is not only able to improve results compared to other routing techniques, but also achieves competitive performance on the task of multimodal learning.
Status Report of the Operation of the RIKEN AVF Cyclotron (2016)

The RIKEN AVF cyclotron was commissioned in 1989. Since then, it has been operated as an injector for the RIKEN ring cyclotron. The AVF cyclotron also provides low energy ion beams for the Radio-Isotope Beam separator (CRIB) of the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), the University of Tokyo, as well as to produce RIs for commercial use. The operating time is more than 3,000 hours per year. We will report the operating status (nuclear species, energy, supply destination of accelerated ions), troubles, maintenance work, and the improvement of ion sources and diagnostics tools for the period from August 2014 to July 2015.
A unique 3D endoanal ultrasound feature of perianal Crohn’s fistula: the ‘Crohn ultrasound fistula sign’ (2012)

This study provides a new 3D endoanal ultrasound criterion, CUFS, of perianal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease. The sign can be used to discriminate a Crohn's from other types of fistula, which may be useful in the management of patients with anal fistula.
Performance of a Borehole X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration (2008)

We have designed and constructed a borehole X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRFS) as part of the Mars Subsurface Access program (http://marstech.jpl.nasa.gov/content/detail.cfm?Sect=MTP&Cat=base&subCat=SSA&subSubCat=&TaskID=2256). It can be used to determine the composition of the Mars regolith at various depths by insertion into a pre-drilled borehole. The primary requirements and performance metrics for the instrument are to obtain parts-per-million (ppm) lower limits of detection over a wide range of elements in the periodic table (magnesium to lead). Power consumption during data collection was also measured. The prototype instrument is complete and preliminary testing has been performed. terrestrial soil standard reference materials were used as the test samples. Detection limits were about 10 weight ppm for most elements, with light elements being higher, up to 1.4 weight percent for magnesium. Power consumption (excluding ground support components) was 12 watts.
Abstract T P293: Determinants of Early Withdrawal of Care in Patients Who Die During Index Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2014)

Introduction: CMS recently announced plans to report risk-standardized stroke mortality. Decisions to withdraw medical care after acute ischemic stroke are based on numerous factors, not just the severity of the incident stroke. Withdrawal of care decisions have the potential to confound these adjusted mortality rates. We investigated factors associated with early withdrawal of care in patients hospitalized with AIS. Methods: We used our institutional GWTG database (1474 consecutive stroke inpatients from 12/2009 - 12/2012) to identify 176 consecutive in-hospital mortalities; of these, 100 patients were transitioned to comfort care during hospitalization. Chart review was performed on these 100 patients to identify factors associated with early (&lt; 5 days) withdrawal of care. Results: Seventy-eight patients (78%) had early withdrawal of care. Table 1 shows the comparison of patients with early (&lt;5 days) versus late (≥ 5 days) withdrawal of care decisions. As shown, Early-CMO patients were younger, and less often were Hispanic, had a college level or higher education, and annual income &gt;$100,000. They had more often expressed a DNR request, had placed limits on life sustaining measures prior to admission or had a known health care proxy (84% vs. 68%). They had pre-existing comorbidities of prior MI, atrial fibrillation, cancer and dementia. They had slightly higher NIHSS scores, and lower rates of thrombolysis. Early-CMO patients had lower rates of post-stroke pneumonia. Conclusion: Several non-clinical variables appear to be associated with early withdrawal of care decisions and contribute substantially to in-hospital stroke mortality. Many of these factors are non-modifiable, and the association with pneumonia may be confounded by the reduced opportunity to develop pneumonia in cases of very early death. Given the vigorous debate about preventable stroke mortality and public reporting, these data suggest the need for more complex mortality risk models.
Low-Dose Sodium Nitrite Fluid Resuscitation Prevents Lethality From Crush Syndrome by Improving Nitric Oxide Consumption and Preventing Myoglobin Cytotoxicity in Kidney in A Rat Model (2016)

Treatment with 200 μmol/kg NaNO2 prevents muscle damage induced by ischemia reperfusion via the protective effects of NO and suppression of systemic inflammation, thereby increasing survival rates in CS.
Effects of Large Area Liquid Lithium Limiters on Spherical Torus Plasmas (2004)

Use of a large-area liquid lithium surface as a first wall has significantly improved the plasma performance in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Previous CDX-U experiments with a partially-covered toroidal lithium limiter tray have shown a decrease in impurities and the recycling of hydrogenic species. Improvements in loading techniques have permitted nearly full coverage of the tray surface with liquid lithium. Under these conditions, there was a large drop in the loop voltage needed to sustain the plasma current. The data are consistent with simulations that indicate more stable plasmas having broader current profiles, higher temperatures, and lowered impurities with liquid lithium walls. As further evidence for reduced recycling with a liquid lithium limiter, the gas puffing had to be increased by up to a factor of eight for the same plasma density achieved with an empty toroidal tray limiter.
Lint Cleaning at Cotton Gins Effects of Fiber Moisture and Amount of Cleaning on Lint Quality (1966)

Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics
A comparative numerical study on GEM, MHSP and MSGC (2012)

In this work, we have tried to develop a detailed understanding of the physical processes occurring in those variants of Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs) that share micro hole and micro strip geometry, like GEM, MHSP and MSGC etc. Some of the important and fundamental characteristics of these detectors such as gain, transparency, efficiency and their operational dependence on different device parameters have been estimated following detailed numerical simulation of the detector dynamics. We have used a relatively new simulation framework developed especially for the MPGDs that combines packages such as GARFIELD, neBEM, MAGBOLTZ and HEED. The results compare closely with the available experimental data. This suggests the efficacy of the framework to model the intricacies of these micro-structured detectors in addition to providing insight into their inherent complex dynamical processes.
Junction temperature dependence of high-frequency noise in heterojunction bipolar transistors (1995)

The use of the Hawkins model, under isothermal condition, to calculate the bias dependent high frequency noise in Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) is questioned. The inclusion of thermal effects into the noise model of HBTs is necessary as the temperature of the device becomes progressively different from the ambient temperature with increasing bias current. Calculation of noise figure by including the thermal effects explains the experimental measurement whereas the isothermal calculation underestimates the noise figure at high bias current.
Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches (2019)

Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH<sub>4</sub> is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH<sub>2</sub>/m3) hydrogen densities. In this review, we focus on some of the main explored approaches to tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of LiBH<sub>4</sub>: (I) LiBH<sub>4</sub> + MgH<sub>2</sub> destabilized system, (II) metal and metal hydride added LiBH<sub>4</sub>, (III) destabilization of LiBH<sub>4</sub> by rare-earth metal hydrides, and (IV) the nanoconfinement of LiBH<sub>4</sub> and destabilized LiBH<sub>4</sub> hydride systems. Thorough discussions about the reaction pathways, destabilizing and catalytic effects of metals and metal hydrides, novel synthesis processes of rare earth destabilizing agents, and all the essential aspects of nanoconfinement are led.
Multi-frequency atomic force microscopy (2016)

It has always been the goal of atomic force microscopy to improve the spatial resolution, the data acquisition speed and the detection of material properties continuously. At present, the multi-frequency atomic force microscopy, which is a new technology, in recent years is the most possible mean to achieve the goal. Multi-frequency atomic force microscopy, which includes various methods to characterize the samples’ nanoscale properties, drives and/or detects micro-cantilever vibration by using multiple frequency. It can extract the nonlinear signal between tip and sample with a high composition detection sensitivity as well as temporal and spatial imaging resolution. In this paper, we reviews the basic principle of different implementation methods included in the multi-frequency atomic force microscopy, and illustrates them by some cutting-edge applications in high resolution imaging, nanometre mechanics, materials, biological application, etc. In addition, we proposed a special micro-cantilever model of quartz tuning fork that can be used in the multi-frequency atomic force microscopy. Finally, the article looks forward to its future development and applied research.
Directed growth and differentiation of stem cells towards neural cell fates using soluble and surface-mediated cues (2007)

Stem and progenitor cells are helping researchers understand the complex process of mammalian development and also show great promise in treating diseases that are unresponsive to standard therapies. The potential for embryonic stem cells to differentiate into any cell in the body is their great benefit but avoiding co-culture with animal cells and efficiently narrowing cell fate to a single cell type remains challenging. Adult progenitor cells have a more restricted cell fate, but have the potential for use in autologous cell therapies and avoid the ethical issues surrounding the derivation of embryonic stem cell lines. While progress is encouraging, there is much work to be done in directing cells to specific lineages before stem and progenitor cells can be commonly used in clinical settings. This review discusses current techniques used for investigation of the growth and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells, with a focus on neural cell fates.