gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 100nW 10-bit 400S/s SAR ADC for ultra low-power bio-sensing applications (2017)

This paper presents a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC), which uses an operating scheme that relaxes significantly the requirements for the sampling switches. The method consists on running the ADC with an eight times faster clock and executing the analog data processing on 1/8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> of the available time. During 7/8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ths</sup> of the conversion period, the ADC is tracking the input signal. This technique highly diminishes the constraints for the on and off resistances of the sampling switches, and is particularly suited for low-speed SAR ADCs, which are used in wearable technology for acquiring bioelectrical signals such as electroencephalograms. We have implemented a 10-bit ADC in a 0.18 μm CMOS process, applying this operating method, and achieving an ENOB of 9.6-bit at approximately the Nyquist frequency. It consumes 100 nW from a 1.2 V supply, and has a figure-of-merit of 320 fJ/conv.
Hydrothermal Yb3+-Doped NaGd(WO4)2 Nano- and Micrometer-Sized Crystals with Preserved Photoluminescence Properties (2010)

Mild hydrothermal preparations using nitrate and chloride reagents as Gd3+ and Yb3+ sources lead to the synthesis of NaGd1−xYbx(WO4)2 (0.001≤ x ≤ 0.5) particles with tetragonal scheelite-like structure phase. Nearly neutral pH ∼7.5 conditions ensure the stability of this crystalline phase over a wide range of reaction times. Synthetical routes with both kind of reagents yield basically the same particle morphology sequences, although using Gd(Yb)-chlorides the presence of nanorods is more evident, whereas using Gd(Yb)-nitrates the faster growth rate favors well-defined micrometer-sized octahedral particles. The spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ in NaGd1−xYbx(WO4)2 synthesized micrometer-sized octahedra are equivalent to those obtained in bulk single crystals, showing a single exponential photoluminescence decay and 2F5/2 lifetime τ ≈ 330 μs for 0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.005 doped samples. The nanoparticles and nanorods formed with Gd(Yb)-nitrates and pH < 7 by short time annealing as well as in Gd(Yb)-chloride preparations show a strong reduction of the Yb3+ lifetime with regards to that observed in micrometer-sized octahedra or in single crystals, leading to nonexponential fluorescence decays when both nano- and micrometer-sized particles coexist. The use of raw Yb2O3 with increasing purity level in the hydrothermal process yields materials that show an increase in Yb3+ lifetime toward its radiative value.
Multiple Wavelength Mode-Locked Laser with Control of Temperature Gradient for Sixth Harmonic Generation (2018)

Fundamental 1342 nm radiation of mode-locked Nd:Vanadate laser was converted to 224 nm wavelength with an average power of ~ 1 W by control of temperature gradient applied to BBO crystal. The laser also provides 1342 nm, 671 nm and 447 nm output with an average power of 10 W, 6 W and 4 W at 300 kHz.
Comment on “Criterion for Negative Refraction with Low Optical Losses from a Fundamental Principle of Causality” (2007)

A Comment on the Letter by Mark I. Stockman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 177404 (2007). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 17 May 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.189701©2007 American Physical Society
Scavenger Receptor Type B1 Is Essential for High Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticle Induced B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Death (2015)

Abstract Introduction: We recently reported that biomimetic, synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (HDL NP), similar to natural HDL in size, shape, charge, and composition potently induce apoptosis in human B cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro, and in vivo, without adversely affecting primary hepatocytes or macrophages (Yang et al. 2013. PNAS 110(7): 2511-6). We showed that HDL NPs bind to the high-affinity HDL receptor, scavenger receptor type B-1 (SR-B1), expressed by lymphoma cells, and may play a functional role in apoptosis of B cell lymphomas. Methods: We analyzed tissue microarrays (TMAs) from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) for SR-B1 expression. In silico analyses of gene microarray datasets from the publicly available database Oncomine were conducted to investigate SR-B1 expression in lymphoma at the mRNA level. The B cell lymphoma cell lines Ramos (Burkitt's lymphoma), SUDHL4 (diffuse large B cell lymphoma) and HF-1 (transformed follicular lymphoma) were used to investigate the requirement for SR-B1 in HDL NP induced cell death. A blocking antibody, and stably expressed shRNA targeting SR-B1 expression were used to inhibit HDL NP interactions with SR-B1. Results: SR-B1 was overexpressed in a subpopulation of NHL represented in available TMAs. At the mRNA level, SR-B1 was up-regulated in 20% of lymphoma data sets (6 of 30). These data further confirm SR-B1 as a potential target of therapeutic intervention in B cell lymphomas. Antibody blockade of SR-B1 in the SR-B1+ cell lines Ramos, SUDHL4, and HF-1 prevented HDL NP induced cell death in a dose dependent manner (Figure 1A). Stable knockdown of SR-B1 by shRNA in Ramos cells also protected against HDL NP induced cell death compared with wild type and scrambled shRNA controls (Figure 1B). HDL NP induced cholesterol efflux in Ramos, SUDHL4, and HF-1 cells was reduced by the SR-B1 blocking antibody, or SR-B1 knockdown, further supporting that the HDL NP binds SR-B1. Conclusion: SR-B1 is expressed in primary B cell lymphomas, and interference of HDL NP interaction with SR-B1, through antibody blockade or knockdown of SR-B1, abrogated HDL NP induced cell death in multiple B cell lymphoma cell lines. Taken together, our data demonstrate the requirement of SR-B1 in HDL NP induced lymphoma cell death, and provide a rationale to pursue HDL NPs as potent therapy for B cell lymphomas in cases that express SR-B1. Figure 1. Antibody blockade (A) and shRNA knockdown (B) of SR-B1 prevents HDL NP induce cell death. Figure 1. Antibody blockade (A) and shRNA knockdown (B) of SR-B1 prevents HDL NP induce cell death. Disclosures Gordon: Dr Leo I. Gordon: Patents &amp; Royalties: Patent for gold nanoparticles pending; Northwestern University: Employment. Thaxton:Aurasense: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents &amp; Royalties: High Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Lymphoma.
Colorectal Cancer on the Decline — Why Screening Can’t Explain It All (2016)

U.S. colorectal-cancer incidence has dropped by more than 45% since its peak in the mid-1980s, and related mortality has fallen by more than half. But though screening is often credited for these trends, it cannot explain such large decreases.
Detection and Accurate Localization of Circular Fiducials under Highly Challenging Conditions (2016)

Using fiducial markers ensures reliable detection and identification of planar features in images. Fiducials are used in a wide range of applications, especially when a reliable visual reference is needed, e.g., to track the camera in cluttered or textureless environments. A marker designed for such applications must be robust to partial occlusions, varying distances and angles of view, and fast camera motions. In this paper, we present a robust, highly accurate fiducial system, whose markers consist of concentric rings, along with its theoretical foundations. Relying on projective properties, it allows to robustly localize the imaged marker and to accurately detect the position of the image of the (common) circle center. We demonstrate that our system can detect and accurately localize these circular fiducials under very challenging conditions and the experimental results reveal that it outperforms other recent fiducial systems.
An Overview of Clinical Development of Agents for Metastatic or Advanced Breast Cancer Without ERBB2 Amplification (HER2-Low) (2022)

This review suggests that ERBB2-low may be a distinct, clinically relevant breast cancer entity warranting reassessment of traditional diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms. Ongoing clinical trials and further investigations may provide optimized strategies for diagnosing and treating ERBB2-low breast cancer, including reproducible, consistent definitions to identify patients in this diagnostic category and demonstration of benefits of emerging therapies.
50-inch Autostereoscopic 3-D Television. (1991)

メガネが不要な50インチ液晶投写型の多眼式3次元カラーテレビジョン装置を試作した.この装置は被写体を4台のテレビカメラで同時に撮像し, 信号処理によって縦縞のストライプ像に合成したあと, 1台の高性能液晶プロジェクタを用いてレンチキュラスクリーンに背面投写する方式である.試作した4眼式3次元テレビジョン装置は, 従来の2眼式に比べて立体視できる観察範囲が拡大し, 自然で見やすい立体カラー動画像を表示することができた.
Several nodulins of soybean share structural domains but differ in their subcellular locations (1987)

Four soybean cDNA nodule-specific clones encoding nodulin-23, -26b, -27 and -44 were observed to cross-hybridize under low stringency conditions. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the cDNAs contain three distinct domains: two domains with 70 to 95% homology separated by a third domain unique to each cDNA. Despite a number of nucleotide insertions and deletions, the protein sequences are conserved in the two domains which correlate with the homologous nucleotide domains. The amino terminal domain of each nodulin contains putative signal sequences for membrane translocation, although only two (nodulin-23 and -44) meet all the criteria for a functional signal. Immuno-precipitation of hybrid-release translation products of the four cDNAs revealed that nodulin-23 is associated with the peribacteroid membrane while nodulin-27 is in the cytoplasmic fraction of the nodule. These four nodulins are members of a diverse family with conserved structural features and the genes encoding them appear to have recently evolved from a common ancestor.
Efficacy and safety of TMC278 in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 patients: week 96 results of a phase IIb randomized trial (2009)

All TMC278 doses demonstrated potent and sustained efficacy comparable with efavirenz in treatment-naive patients over 96 weeks. TMC278 was well tolerated with lower incidences of neurological and psychiatric adverse events, rash and lower lipid elevations than those with efavirenz. TMC278 25 mg once daily was selected for further clinical development.
Power allocation for bidirectional AF relaying over rayleigh fading channels (2010)

This letter presents two novel power allocation schemes for bidirectional amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying over Rayleigh fading channels through the exploitation of channel mean strength. The first scheme aims to maximize the upper bound of average sum rate, and the other aims to achieve the trade-off of outage probability between two terminals. Numerical results show considerable performance improvement in comparison with conventional power allocation approaches.
Optimization of Alkaline Sulfite Pretreatment and Comparative Study with Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment for Improving Enzymatic Digestibility of Corn Stover (2015)

In this study, alkaline sulfite pretreatment of corn stover was optimized. The influences of pretreatments on solid yield, delignification, and carbohydrate recovery under different pretreatment conditions and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. The effect of pretreatment was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and the total sugar yield. The optimum pretreatment conditions were obtained, as follows: the total titratable alkali (TTA) of 12%, liquid/solid ratio of 6:1, temperature of 140 °C, and holding time of 20 min. Under those conditions, the solid yield was 55.24%, and the removal of lignin was 82.68%. Enzymatic hydrolysis rates of glucan and xylan for pretreated corn stover were 85.38% and 70.36%, and the total sugar yield was 74.73% at cellulase loading of 20 FPU/g and β-glucosidase loading of 10 IU/g for 48 h. Compared with sodium hydroxide pretreatment with the same amount of total titratable alkali, the total sugar yield was raised by about 10.43%. Additionally, the corn stover pretreated under the optimum pretreatment conditions was beaten by PFI at 1500 revolutions. After beating, enzymatic hydrolysis rates of glucan and xylan were 89.74% and 74.06%, and the total sugar yield was 78.58% at the same enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Compared with 1500 rpm of PFI beating after sodium pretreatment with the same amount of total titratable alkali, the total sugar yield was raised by about 14.05%.
A chitosan composite material for bone replacement (2003)

A mineral-filled chitosan composite was characterized and evaluated for suitability as a bone graft substitute. Chitosan was selected as a matrix material due to its biodegradability and inherent wound healing properties. The mineral component of bone, hydroxyapatite, was chosen as a filler. Compositions were varied by changing the amount of polymer contained in the matrix as well as the percentage of filler contained in the composite. The evaluation of mechanical properties included three-point bend, double shear, and tensile testing. Samples were tested first in a dry condition, as well as after immersion in Ringer's solution. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on all the dry samples. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the composites in the dry condition improved as percentage of polymer in the matrix increased and as filler content decreased. Upon exposure to a physiological fluid the mechanical properties of the wet composites improved as filler content increased.
Provision, Suitability and Stability of Standards for Quantitative Powder Diffractometry (1973)

Standards required for quantitative powder diffractometry are essentially of three types as shown in Table 1 - external instrument standards for the initial and long term check of instrument alignment (i.e., an “instrument” standard), external analytical standards, which are similar in composition to the specimens to be analysed, for the preparation of calibration curves for “in-type“ analysis; and internal analytical standards for the minimization of problems due to variations in specimen absorption. The ideal equipment alignment standard should be free from preferred orientation, stable and available in large quantities, since it should serve the dual role of providing a continuing indication of the performance of a given diffractometer, as well as allowing absolute intensity comparisons to be made between different diffractometers.
Novel thin-GaN LED structure adopted micro abraded surface to compare with conventional vertical LEDs in ultraviolet light (2015)

In this study, novel thin-GaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (NTG-LEDs) were fabricated using wafer bonding, laser lift-off, dry etching, textured surface, and interconnection techniques. Placing PN electrodes on the same side minimized the absorption caused by electrodes in conventional vertical injection light-emitting diodes (V-LEDs) and the current spreading was improved. The light output power (700 mA) of the NTG-LEDs was enhanced by 18.3% compared with that of the V-LEDs, and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the NTG-LEDs was also relatively enhanced by 20.0% compared with that of a reference device. When the current operations were 1,500 mA, the enhancements of the light output power and EQE were 27.4% and 27.2%, respectively. Additionally, the efficiency droop was improved by more than 15% at the same current level.
Sigmoidoscopic screening in the 1990s (1993)

COLORECTAL cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 140000 new cases and 60 000 deaths per year in the United States.<sup>1</sup>At present, the most promising strategy to reduce this burden is some form of periodic screening. The goal of screening is early detection of surgically curable cancers, as well as their likely precursors, adenomatous polyps; both may be present for years before disseminated, incurable cancer develops. Sigmoidoscopic screening at intervals of 3 to 5 years has been widely recommended<sup>2-5</sup>because sigmoidoscopy has high sensitivity for detecting early cancers and adenomas. However, routine sigmoidoscopic screening is controversial<sup>6-8</sup>because there is no direct evidence from a ramdomized controlled trial to show that screening reduces CRC mortality. Also, the effort involved in applying sigmoidoscopic screening is very large. Thus, despite long-standing recommendations, sigmoidoscopic screening is performed in less than 5% to 10% of eligible
Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Current Is Activated During Hypokalemia and Masks Short-Term Cardiac Memory Induced by Ventricular Pacing (2015)

Hypokalemia activates IKAS to shorten APD and maintain repolarization reserve at late activation sites during ventricular pacing. IKAS blockade prominently lengthens the APD at late activation sites and facilitates ventricular fibrillation induction.
On a class of QI-rings (1992)

The concept of weak relative-injectivity of modules was introduced originally in [10], where it is shown that a semiperfect ring R is such that every cyclic right module is embeddable essentially in a projective right R -module if and only if R is right artinian and every indecomposable projective right R -module is uniform and weakly R -injective. We show that in the above characterization the requirement that indecomposable projective right R -modules be uniform is superfluous (Theorem 1.11). In this paper we further the study of weak relative-injectivity by considering the class of rings for which every right module is weakly injective relative to every finitely generated right module. We refer to such rings as right weakly-semisimple rings. The class of right weakly-semisimple rings includes properly all semisimple rings and is a subclass of the class of right QI-rings. A ring R is said to be a right QI-ring if every quasi-injective right R -module is injective. QI-rings have been studied in [2], [3], [4], [6], [7], [8], [11], among others.
Thrombolytic therapy is effective in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a series of nine patients and a review of the literature (2011)

Although it is associated with a significant but manageable risk of bleeding, systemic thrombolysis is a highly effective treatment for reversing venous thromboses in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Power dissipation in optical and metallic clock distribution networks in new VLSI technologies (2004)

The optical clock distribution has been considered to alleviate limitations due to metallic interconnections for future generation of VLSI. It can be interesting only if it is able to provide some substantial improvement of IC features. The aim of the work reported is the unambiguous comparison in terms of dissipated power between the optical and electrical clock distribution networks.
Venous stasis and deep-vein thrombosis (1972)

Abstract A venographic technique for studying stasis in the deep veins of the legs of conscious patients is described. A second technique involving the clearance of radioactive material from the veins has been developed for use during operation. The results of the two methods correlate closely. There is considerable stasis of the blood, particularly in the soleal veins, in conscious patients with the legs horizontal, and it is prolonged considerably during surgery. Using these new techniques the effectiveness of various methods said to prevent stasis has been assessed.
Microlithography Resists Containing Poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) (1989)

Poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane), PDMZ, mixes well with most of resist materials, cresol-formaldehyde novolak resins, poly(hydroxystyrene), chlorinated poly(1,1-methyistyrene) and others. The mixed resist solution provides uniform films when it is spin-coated on a substrate like a silicon wafer. Although it may form a C-T complex with diazonaphtho-quinone photosensitizers, the mixed photoresist keeps its photosensitivity for several weeks. Resist with PDMZ can be used as an imaging layer in RIE bilayer resist systems. Its silicon content is enriched in resist surface layers. After oxygen reactive ion etching, resist surfaces were covered with silicon oxide layers.
Non‐selective beta‐blocker use in cirrhotic patients is associated with a reduced likelihood of hospitalisation for infection (2020)

Home use of NSBBs by patients with cirrhosis was associated with fewer infection-related admissions. The data suggest that NSBBs in this group of patients reduce the risk of infection.
Data from Serum Sex Steroids as Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A <i>Post Hoc</i> Analysis of the PR.7 Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Phenotypic biomarkers are a high priority for patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer given the increasing number of treatment options. This study evaluates serum sex steroids as prognostic biomarkers in men receiving ADT for recurrent prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Retrospective cohort study of Canadian patients in the PR.7 trial (accrual 1999–2005) who received continuous ADT for biochemical recurrence postradiotherapy. Patients were excluded with follow-up &lt;2 years or who received estrogens or corticosteroids. Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusted for baseline prognostic factors assessed time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), prostate cancer survival, and overall survival according to tertile of sex steroid measured by mass spectrometry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Post-ADT initiation, we measured samples in 219 patients as well as two subsequent annual samples in a subset of 101 patients. Testosterone levels correlated with androstenedione (AD) and DHT, while DHT, AD, androsterone (AST), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenediol (A5diol) were highly correlated to each other and negatively associated with age. Higher tertiles of estrone (E&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and estradiol (E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) were significantly associated with sooner time to CRPC. In patients with longitudinal samples, increases in serum DHEA and AST were significantly associated with sooner time to CRPC. Limitations include the number of events for some groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data suggest the patient hormonal milieu has long-term prognostic value in men receiving ADT for recurrent prostate cancer, including increased levels of E&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and rising DHEA and AST levels, which predict a shorter time to CRPC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5305–12. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Calcium Aluminate Reactive Coatings on Carbon‐Bonded Alumina Filters for Clean Steel Approaches (2017)

New carbon‐bonded filters with coatings based on calcium aluminates are developed. The samples are tested for 10 s in contact with a steel melt containing endogenous inclusions at 1650 °C, in order to explore the behavior and impact of these materials on the filtration process. Investigation of the filters after the test is carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, steel samples are analyzed with a special automatic SEM. The population of the detected inclusions is classified in terms of size and chemistry. Both compositions deliver excellent filtration results.
[Effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in sera of infants with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia]. (2007)

The serum CysLTs level in children with RSV pneumonia was higher than that in healthy children, and there was an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in these infants, which was similar to those with asthma. Leukotriene receptor antagonist may be effective in preventing children with RSV pneumonia from evolving into asthma.