gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Individualized treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia due to stroke (2015)

While evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may facilitate language recovery in chronic post-stroke aphasia, individual variability in patient response to different patterns of stimulation remains largely unexplored. We sought to characterize this variability among chronic aphasic individuals, and to explore whether repeated stimulation with an individualized optimal montage could lead to persistent reduction of aphasia severity. In a two-phase study, we first stimulated patients with four active montages (left hemispheric anode or cathode; right hemispheric anode or cathode) and one sham montage (Phase 1). We examined changes in picture naming ability to address (1) variability in response to different montages among our patients, and (2) whether individual patients responded optimally to at least one montage. During Phase 2, subjects who responded in Phase 1 were randomized to receive either real-tDCS or to receive sham stimulation (10 days); patients who were randomized to receive sham stimulation first were then crossed over to receive real-tDCS (10 days). In both phases, 2 mA tDCS was administered for 20 min per real-tDCS sessions and patients performed a picture naming task during stimulation. Patients' language ability was re-tested after 2-weeks and 2-months following real and sham tDCS in Phase 2. In Phase 1, despite considerable individual variability, the greatest average improvement was observed after left-cathodal stimulation. Seven out of 12 subjects responded optimally to at least one montage as demonstrated by transient improvement in picture-naming. In Phase 2, aphasia severity improved at 2-weeks and 2-months following real-tDCS but not sham. Despite individual variability with respect to optimal tDCS approach, certain montages result in consistent transient improvement in persons with chronic post-stroke aphasia. This preliminary study supports the notion that individualized tDCS treatment may enhance aphasia recovery in a persistent manner.
Clubroot-resistant Broccoli Breeding Lines OSU CR-2 to OSU CR-8 (1985)

Abstract Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group) breeding lines OSU CR-2 to OSU CR-8 were selected and tested for clubroot ( Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) resistance in the field at Corvallis and Tillamook, Oregon. All of the lines have shown resistance to downy mildew [ Peronospora parasitica (Fr.) Tul.] in the field at Corvallis, and most have useful horticultural characteristics and are potentially useful as parents for F 1 hybrids.
Integrated Collaborative Manufacturing Management System for Complex Product (2009)

To effectively improve the collaborative manufacturing management level and manufacturing execution ability, this paper provides an integrated collaborative manufacturing management system for complex product which supports workshop real-time information integration, based on the analysis of presently research and application situation and requirements of collaborative digital management for complex product manufacturing. The integrated collaborative manufacturing management system for complex product consists of six parts including resource service layer, basic service layer, collaborative manufacturing function layer, collaborative support layer, service layer and user layer. Furthermore, some of the key issues which are important to realize the system are described in detail, including dynamic job schedule and management based on workshop real-time information, manufacturing resource management and real-time control technologies etc. Finally, the system is developed and applied in an automobile engine manufacturing workshop and its feasibility is demonstrated.
FTO Intronic SNP Strongly Influences Human Neck Adipocyte Browning Determined by Tissue and PPARγ Specific Regulation (2020)

Brown adipocytes, abundant in deep-neck (DN) area in humans, are thermogenic with anti-obesity potential. FTO pro-obesity rs1421085 T-to-C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) shifts differentiation program towards white adipocytes in subcutaneous fat. Human adipose-derived stromal cells were obtained from subcutaneous neck (SC) and DN fat of nine donors, of which 3-3 carried risk-free (T/T), heterozygous or obesity-risk (C/C) FTO genotypes. They were differentiated to white and brown (long-term Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) stimulation) adipocytes; then, global RNA sequencing was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared. DN and SC progenitors had similar adipocyte differentiation potential but differed in DEGs. DN adipocytes displayed higher browning features according to ProFAT or BATLAS scores and characteristic DEG patterns revealing associated pathways which were highly expressed (thermogenesis, interferon, cytokine, and retinoic acid, with UCP1 and BMP4 as prominent network stabilizers) or downregulated (particularly extracellular matrix remodeling) compared to SC ones. Part of DEGs in either DN or SC browning was PPARγ-dependent. Presence of the FTO obesity-risk allele suppressed the expression of mitochondrial and thermogenesis genes with a striking resemblance between affected pathways and those appearing in ProFAT and BATLAS, underlining the importance of metabolic and mitochondrial pathways in thermogenesis. Among overlapping regulatory influences that determine browning and thermogenic potential of neck adipocytes, FTO genetic background has a thus far not recognized prominence.
Real-time Kirchhoff migration for ultrasound imaging of the bone cortex (2018)

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of real-time ultrasound imaging of the cortex of a long bone. We show that it is possible in vivo with a conventional clinical ultrasound probe and a fully programmable ultrasound scanner. The ultrasound images are reconstructed using Kirchhoff migration and taking into account the elastic anisotropy of cortical bone tissue. An image rate of 1 image per second was achieved. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 16, 2018 Start Time: 8:30:00 AM Location: 211A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Spatially-variant Lucy-Richardson deconvolution for multiview fusion of microscopical 3D images (2011)

A framework for fast multiview fusion of Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) images based on a spatially-variant point spread function (PSF) model is presented. For the multiview fusion a new algorithm based on the regularized Lucy-Richardson deconvolution and the Overlap-Save method is developed and tested on SPIM images. In the algorithm the image is decomposed into small blocks which are processed separately thus saving memory space and allowing for parallel processing.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>N-</i>Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Type 2B Is Epigenetically Inactivated and Exhibits Tumor-Suppressive Activity in Human Esophageal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from &lt;i&gt;N-&lt;/i&gt;Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Type 2B Is Epigenetically Inactivated and Exhibits Tumor-Suppressive Activity in Human Esophageal Cancer
Acid Catalyzed Degradation of Cellulose in Alcohols (1988)

Abstract Cellulose is degraded by alcohols and strong acid-catalysts at 180°C to 200°C within minutes. Alkylglucosides, 5-alkoxyrnethylfurfurals, and alkyl levulinates plus alkyl formates are formed in consecutive reactions, accompanied by some humic residue. The scope of the reaction was explored by using C1-, C2-, C3-, and C4-alcanols and by combining various lignocellulosic substrates with methanol. Effects of catalysts and co-solvents were tested, resulting in more selective reactions and suppressing dialkylether formation of the solvent. Yields of 46% methyl levulinate, 44% ethyl levulinate, and 37% n-propyl levulinate (based on theory) from cellulose point to the preparative value of the reactions.
Measurement of pH, exudate composition and temperature in wound healing: a systematic review (2017)

Despite some promising findings, there was insufficient evidence to confidently recommend the use of any of these measures as predictors of wound healing. pH measurement appeared as the most practical method for use in clinical practice to indicate wound healing outcomes. Further research is required to increase the strength of evidence and develop a greater understanding of wound healing dynamics.
Changes in Relaxin Precursor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Ovaries of Rats after Hysterectomy and Removal of Conceptuses, and during the Estrous Cycle* (1986)

Preprorelaxin mRNA levels in the rat ovary were determined by dot hybridization of unfractionated RNA with 32P-labeled cDNA. The sharp rise in these levels occurring near midpregnancy could be prevented by hysterectomy. After the rise occurred in intact rats, hysterectomy sharply reduced the amount of messenger. Reduction of the number of conceptuses to one also reduced ovarian preprorelaxin mRNA levels. Thus, the uterus and/or its contents were necessary for both stimulation and maintenance of preprorelaxin mRNA levels. The sharp decline in ovarian preprorelaxin mRNA levels after hysterectomy was partially prevented by the administration of 17 beta-estradiol, but not by 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. However, 17 beta-estradiol did not stimulate the rise in ovarian preprorelaxin mRNA levels when given to pregnant rats that were hysterectomized near the time of the natural increase in preprorelaxin mRNA levels. The amount of preprorelaxin mRNA at estrus was 3.5 times greater than the proestrous value. The estrous level was reduced to about half by the time of metestrus. The amount of ovarian preprorelaxin mRNA at estrus was 200-400 times less than that from 20-day pregnant rats. The changes in ovarian preprorelaxin mRNA levels during the estrous cycle suggest a possible role for relaxin in nonpregnant rats. Because of the correlation between changes in preprorelaxin mRNA levels and the concentration of immunoreactive relaxin in the ovaries and blood, shown by others, the amount of precursor mRNA probably regulates the concentration of relaxin in the rat ovary. The agents and mechanisms involved in this regulation remain to be determined, but estrogen appears to be important for maintenance of the elevated preprorelaxin mRNA levels in the ovary.
Contrast Gain Control in Auditory Cortex (2011)

The auditory system must represent sounds with a wide range of statistical properties. One important property is the spectrotemporal contrast in the acoustic environment: the variation in sound pressure in each frequency band, relative to the mean pressure. We show that neurons in ferret auditory cortex rescale their gain to partially compensate for the spectrotemporal contrast of recent stimulation. When contrast is low, neurons increase their gain, becoming more sensitive to small changes in the stimulus, although the effectiveness of contrast gain control is reduced at low mean levels. Gain is primarily determined by contrast near each neuron's preferred frequency, but there is also a contribution from contrast in more distant frequency bands. Neural responses are modulated by contrast over timescales of ∼100 ms. By using contrast gain control to expand or compress the representation of its inputs, the auditory system may be seeking an efficient coding of natural sounds.
Growth Performance and Physiological Variables for Broiler Chickens Subjected to Short-Term Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations (2008)

4 Abstract: Four trials were conducted to evaluate growth responses, blood chemistry and heart characteristics of broiler chicks subjected to progressive concentrations (0, 3,000, 6,000, 9,000 ppm) of carbon dioxide (CO ) gas from 1-14 days of age, which were then discontinued throughout the remainder 2 of the trial (42 days of age). On days 14 and 42 of each trial, 20 birds per chamber were randomly selected for immediate analysis of blood partial pressure of CO (pCO ), blood partial pressure of O (pO ), blood pH, 2 2 2 2 hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), blood electrolytes (Na , K , Ca and Cl ) and determination of hear t + + 2+ -
Trafficking of Intra-Graft Donor T Cells After Skin Transplantation in Mice. (2014)

It is firmly established that the skin contains T lymphocytes including significant numbers of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, their role in skin transplantation is still unknown. Recent evidence has been provided by W. Burlingham's laboratory suggesting that intra-graft T cells may influence the alloresponse and rejection process (bi-directional alloimmunity). In this study, we investigated the trafficking of intra-graft donor T cells to the recipient's lymphoid organs after skin transplantation in mice. To test this C57BL/6 (B6) mice received a skin transplant from a double transgenic B6 donor whose T cells expressed DSred while FoxP3 expression was associated with GFP (Tregs being double positive). At different time points after transplantation, cell suspensions of recipients' lymph nodes, spleen and thymus were prepared. The presence and characterization of fluorescent donor cells was investigated using Image Stream (Amnis) technology. First, the presence of T cells (DSred+ FoxP3-) was detected only at d4-d7 posttransplantation i.e. after skin graft revascularization and essentially in the host's thymus. On the other hand, double positive (DSred+ FoxP3+) Tregs were found in all recipient's lymphoid organs. Surprisingly, high frequencies of single positive GFP+ cells were found in both ipsilateral lymph nodes and thymus. The nature of these cells is being investigated. In summary, our results show that most T cells leaving the graft are Tregs spreading through all recipient's lymphoid organs while intra-graft effector T cells migrate primarily to the host's thymus.
Probing CO2 Reduction Pathways for Copper Catalysis Using an Ionic Liquid as a Chemical Trapping Agent (2020)

Abstract The key to fully leveraging the potential of the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to achieve a sustainable solar‐power‐based economy is the development of high‐performance electrocatalysts. The development process relies heavily on trial and error methods due to poor mechanistic understanding of the reaction. Demonstrated here is that ionic liquids (ILs) can be employed as a chemical trapping agent to probe CO2RR mechanistic pathways. This method is implemented by introducing a small amount of an IL ([BMIm][NTf 2 ]) to a copper foam catalyst, on which a wide range of CO2RR products, including formate, CO, alcohols, and hydrocarbons, can be produced. The IL can selectively suppress the formation of ethylene, ethanol and n‐propanol while having little impact on others. Thus, reaction networks leading to various products can be disentangled. The results shed new light on the mechanistic understanding of the CO2RR, and provide guidelines for modulating the CO2RR properties. Chemical trapping using an IL adds to the toolbox to deduce the mechanistic understanding of electrocatalysis and could be applied to other reactions as well.
Weak localization and conductance fluctuations of a chaotic quantum dot with tunable spin-orbit coupling (2002)

In a two-dimensional quantum dot in a GaAs heterostructure, the spin-orbit scattering rate is substantially reduced below the rate in a bulk two-dimensional electron gas [B. I. Halperin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2106 (2001)]. Such a reduction can be undone if the spin-orbit coupling parameters acquire a spatial dependence, which can be achieved, e.g., by a metal gate covering only a part of the quantum dot. We calculate the effect of such spatially nonuniform spin-orbit scattering on the weak localization correction and the universal conductance fluctuations of a chaotic quantum dot coupled to electron reservoirs by ballistic point contacts, in the presence of a magnetic field parallel to the plane of the quantum dot.
Speaker adaptation of neural network acoustic models using i-vectors (2013)

We propose to adapt deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models to a target speaker by supplying speaker identity vectors (i-vectors) as input features to the network in parallel with the regular acoustic features for ASR. For both training and test, the i-vector for a given speaker is concatenated to every frame belonging to that speaker and changes across different speakers. Experimental results on a Switchboard 300 hours corpus show that DNNs trained on speaker independent features and i-vectors achieve a 10% relative improvement in word error rate (WER) over networks trained on speaker independent features only. These networks are comparable in performance to DNNs trained on speaker-adapted features (with VTLN and FMLLR) with the advantage that only one decoding pass is needed. Furthermore, networks trained on speaker-adapted features and i-vectors achieve a 5-6% relative improvement in WER after hessian-free sequence training over networks trained on speaker-adapted features only.
Preocular sensor system for concurrent monitoring of glucose levels and dry eye syndrome using tear fluids (2020)

The present study demonstrated a noninvasive preocular sensor system for the concurrent monitoring of diabetes and one of its prevalent complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), using tear fluids. Two distinct sensors, i.e., the glucose and DES sensors, were prepared and encased together in a single housing unit to produce the sensor system, and the tip was designed to be in contact with the eye surface noninvasively to collect and deliver tear fluid to the sensors. The glucose sensor was modified from a commercially available electrochemical sensor to allow for the measurement of glucose concentrations, even in a small amount of collected tear fluid. The DES sensor was equipped with a microchannel spaced with two parallel electrodes to determine the amount of collected tear fluid. In vivo experimental results revealed that with the collected tear fluid of about 0.6-1.0 μl, the sensor system estimated the blood glucose concentrations with acceptable accuracy compared with that of the glucometer in clinical use. The DES condition in animals was diagnosed with high sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (83.3%).
Thermal activation effect on spin transfer switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

A calculation of the intrinsic spin transfer switching current Ic0 is realized in the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Ic0 is determined by the distribution of Ic in repeated measurements, assuming the linear decrease of the thermal stability by increasing the spin-polarized current. The spin transfer torque is found to be proportional to η(I)I with the applied current I and I-dependent spin polarization η(I). Even in case that I is limited less than Ic due to the tunnel barrier breakdown, Ic0 is calculated with an assisting external magnetic field and making better use of the magnetic phase diagram. In our MTJs, the average intrinsic switching current density was 6.4MA∕cm2.
Load Balancing in Control Allocation (2011)

Next-generation aircraft with a large number of actuators will require advanced control allocation methods to compute the actuator commands needed to follow desired trajectories while respecting system constraints. Previously, algorithms were proposed to minimize the l 1 or l 2 norms of the tracking error and of the actuator deflections. This paper discusses the alternative choice of the l ∞ norm, or the sup norm. Minimization of the control effort translates into the minimization of the maximum actuator deflection (min―max optimization). This paper shows how the problem can be solved effectively by converting it into a linear program and solving it using a simplex algorithm. Properties of the algorithm are also investigated through examples. In particular, the min―max criterion results in a type of load balancing, where the load is the desired command and the algorithm balances this load among various actuators. The solution using the l ∞ norm also results in better robustness to failures and lower sensitivity to nonlinearities in illustrative examples. This paper also discusses the extension of the results to a normalized l ∞ norm, where the norm of the actuator deflections are scaled by the actuator limits. Minimization of the control effort then translates into the minimization of the maximum actuator deflection as a percentage of its range of motion.
A Pi-Algebra which is not Pi when an Inverse is Adjoined (1979)

An example is produced of an algebra, embedded in 2 X 2 matrices over a field, which is not PI when an element's inverse is formally adjoined.This example is used to show that the generic 2x2 matrices, a domain, has the same property.
The exchange of Fe3+ between pyrophosphate and transferrin. Probing the nature of an intermediate complex with stopped flow kinetics, rapid multimixing, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. (1986)

A detailed study of the exchange of Fe3+ between pyrophosphate and human serum transferrin was undertaken to test the hypothesis of a generalized reaction route for exchange of Fe3+ between transferrin and chelators. The initial rate of Fe3+ transfer from pyrophosphate to apotransferrin-CO2-3 is highly sensitive to the pyrophosphate to iron ratio with a maximal rate being observed at a ratio of 3:1, consistent with the presence of slowly reactive polymeric species at ratios less than 3:1 as revealed by EPR and kinetic measurements. At a ratio of 4:1 the reaction is distinctly biphasic. The rapid first phase results in the formation of an intermediate postulated as a mixedligand complex of the type PPi-Fe3+-transferrin-CO2-3. The intermediate has a distinct EPR spectrum and an absorption spectrum similar to that of Fe3+-transferrin-CO2-3, but with a spectral maximum at 450 nm rather than 465 nm. The second phase principally arises from the slow reaction of polymeric iron-pyrophosphate with the apoprotein and has contributions from the breakdown of the intermediate formed in the first phase. The rate of formation of the intermediate shows a hyperbolic dependence on NaHCO3 and apotransferrin concentrations, the latter suggesting a rate-limiting labilization of Fe3+(PPi)3, perhaps to form species of the type Fe3+(PPi)2, prior to attack by apotransferrin-CO2-3. Multimixing stopped flow spectrophotometry was employed to test the chemical reactivity of the Fe3+ to reduction at various times during the first phase. Surprisingly, a diminution of reactivity of 1000-fold was noted after only 2% of the first phase was completed, indicating a fast initial reaction which is not observed by normal rapid flow spectrophotometry. This initial reaction may involve the binding of iron-pyrophosphate to allosteric sites on the protein. The kinetics of iron removal from Fe3+-transferrin-CO2-3 by PPi are consistent with a rate-limiting conformational change in the protein as proposed earlier.
Kinetics of neutrophil accumulation in acute inflammatory lesions induced by chemotaxins and chemotaxinigens. (1984)

The influx of neutrophils into cutaneous lesions induced with the chemotaxins formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and alpha-casein, and the chemotaxinigens endotoxin and zymosan peaked at 2 to 4 hr and then rapidly declined. In contrast, concanavalin A (Con A) induced a biphasic influx of neutrophils with an initial peak at 2 hr and a subsequent, prolonged peak between 6 and 10 hr. When the kinetics of the neutrophil influx into lesions induced with FMLP at 10(-5) M, 10(-6.5) M and 10(-8) M were examined, it was found that a comparable proportion of the total cell influx entered lesions induced with each concentration of FMLP at each time point. This result indicates that the kinetics of the neutrophil influx into an inflammatory lesion is not dependent on the concentration of chemotaxin within the lesion. The inflammatory potency of FMLP, PAF, alpha-casein, Con A, and endotoxin were compared with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) as a source of C5 fragments. Equipotent concentrations were 10(-4) M alpha-casein, 10(-5) M PAF, 10(-5.5) M LTB4 and Con A, 10(-6) M FMLP, 10(-7) M ZAP, and 10(-11) M endotoxin.