gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report of Section on Visual Science at the 1987 Meeting of the American Academy of Optometry (1988)

1College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 2The New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts Received July 26, 1988. * Ph.D., Member of Faculty, F.A.A.O. † Optometrist, Ph.D., Member of Faculty, F.A.A.O. AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: Harold E. Bedell College of Optometry University of Houston 4901 Calhoun Road Houston, Texas 77004
Tissue-Specific Transgene Expression in Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cell-Derived Megakaryocytes: Correction of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) (2012)

Abstract Abstract 387 Megakaryocyte-specific transgene expression in patient-derived iPS cells offers a new approach to study and potentially treat disorders that affect megakaryocytes and platelets. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated in GT, a disorder resulting from an absence of functional platelet integrin alphaIIb/beta3, leading to impaired platelet aggregation and clinically presenting with severe bleeding. While rare, GT can serve as a model of an inherited platelet disorder that would benefit from corrective cell therapy. For this study, iPS cells were generated from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and two patients with GT. Patient 1 is homozygous for a novel alphaIIb exon/intron 4 splice site mutation, leading to an alternatively spliced transcript and premature stop codon. Patient 2 is homozygous for a previously reported alphaIIb missense mutation in exon 8 (p.G273D), leading to impaired intracellular transport and surface expression of the heterodimer. Both patients express &lt;5% alphaIIb/beta3 on the surface of their platelets, which was confirmed in IPS cell-derived megakaryocytes. To achieve megakaryocyte-specific expression, transgene constructs were created using the murine proximal GPIbalpha promoter driving either an eGFP reporter or wild type alphaIIb cDNA. These constructs were inserted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus using zinc finger nuclease-mediated homologous recombination. When targeted to a single allele of the AAVS1 locus in human ES cells, the GPIbalpha promoter driving eGFP showed a high-level of expression in ES cell-derived megakaryocytes. Inserting the GPIbalpha promoter driving alphaIIb into a single allele of the AAVS1 locus in GT iPS cells restored ∼60% surface expression of integrin alphaIIb/beta3 when compared to control iPS cell-derived megakaryocytes. Transgenic alphaIIb mRNA levels were similar to endogenous alphaIIb mRNA levels in differentiated megakaryocytes. When stimulated with thrombin, corrected GT iPS cell-derived megakaryocytes demonstrated both PAC-1 antibody binding and fibrinogen binding. This study shows the GPIbalpha promoter construct targeted to the AAVS1 locus drives a high-level of expression in iPS cell-derived megakaryocytes, which offers a novel tool to study megakaryocyte and platelet biology in samples obtained from affected individuals. For GT, this study demonstrates a higher level of correction than seen with a lentiviral approach. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the generation and correction of iPS cell lines from patients with a disease affecting platelet function. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Building Peptidomimetics using Solid Phase Synthesis with 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride Resin (2016)

Solid phase synthesis is a synthetic method commonly used for the construction of peptides. This approach is also useful with the synthesis of peptide-like organic molecules. There are numerous ways to synthetically construct peptidomimetic molecules, but solid phase synthesis provides an efficient way, over more traditional chemistry, when time for long synthesis is not available and smaller yields are desired for analysis. Many factors must be considered before constructing peptidomimetics on a 2-chlorotrityl polystyrene resin. The greatest advantage of this approach is the fact that it does not require lengthy purification columns after each step. After coupling the resin beads are washed with excess solvent, concentrated down and are then ready for the next coupling reaction. This approach can expedite the synthetic process and there are many techniques and recommendations to optimize the best yields. Unlike peptide synthesis, it is imperative to use anhydrous solvents in the synthetic construction. This review article will discuss the techniques and recommendations when using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin to construct peptidomimetics when the C-terminus is a carboxylic acid.
Combining the moment method with geometrical modelling by NURBS surfaces and Bezier patches (1994)

Induced current distributions on conducting bodies of arbitrary shape modelled by NURBS (non uniform rational B-splines) surfaces are obtained by using a moment method approach to solve an electric field integral equation (EFIE). The NURBS surfaces are expanded in terms of Bezier patches by applying the Cox-de Boor transformation algorithm. This transformation is justified because Bezier patches are numerically more stable than NURBS surfaces. New basis functions have been developed which extend over pairs of Bezier patches. These basis functions can be considered as a generalization of "rooftop" functions. The method is applied to obtain RCS values of several objects modelled with NURBS surfaces. Good agreement with results from other methods is observed. The method is efficient and versatile because it uses geometrical modelling tools that are quite powerful.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Using Geographic Information Systems for Traffic Control Inventory Management (1992)

Present city traffic control inventory systems lack flexibility, user friendliness, and many have become obsolete because they were originally designed in haphazard ways - thus providing poor access to poor quality data. There are many advantages that may derived from the application of geographic information systems (GIS) to the facilities management process. This paper describes work, in progress at North Carolina A&T State University, to examine the use of GIS for city traffic control inventories management programs. The work described in the paper includes assessment of various small computer technologies and development of guidelines that may be used to select that combination of hardware and software that best meets the special needs of city departments of transportation (DOT).
Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectrum with asymmetric Gaussian-Lorentzian mixed function. (1986)

ガウス-ローレンツ複合関数に非対称項を導入し,X線光電子スペクトルの波形を解析した.非線形最小二乗法によりスペクトルのカーブフィッティングを行ったところ,ガウス-ローレンツ関数は高度の適合性を示し,白金でモリブデンの金属成分の非対称なピークや酸化状態による対称性の高いピークのいずれに対してもよく表すことができた.更に,最小二乗法におけるパラメーター間の制約について検討を加えた.
Nerve growth factor signaling of p75 induces differentiation and ceramide‐mediated apoptosis in Schwann cells cultured from degenerating nerves (2001)

In peripheral nerve regeneration or remyelination, immature Schwann cells expressing p75(NTR) play cardinal roles in the support and regeneration of axons (Griffin JW, Hoffman PN. Peripheral Neuropathy 361-376, 1993). Only one of four to six Schwann cells participate in remyelination of damaged or regenerating axons. The rest of the cells, or supernumerary Schwann cells, show severe atrophy and gradually decrease in number, reestablishing a 1:1 axon-Schwann cell relationship (Said G, Duckett S. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 53:173-179, 1981). Recent reports demonstrated that severely atrophied supernumerary Schwann cells are eliminated by apoptosis during axonal regeneration or remyelination (Hirata H, Hibasami H. Apoptosis 3:353-360, 1998; Berciano MT, Calle E. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 95:269-279, 1998). The mechanism to induce selective death of supernumerary Schwann cells without causing any damage to axon-associated Schwann cells or axons remains to be determined. In this article, we report that p75(NTR), the low-affinity receptor for all members of neurotrophins, signals both cell differentiation and apoptosis through intracellular ceramide elevation. The final response is dependent on the intracellular ceramide level and Schwann cells modulate their response by changing expression level of p75(NTR). This effect was selective for nerve growth factor (NGF). Taken together, the present study suggests that NGF contributes both to phenotypic regulation and to elimination of the dedifferentiated Schwann cells, while supporting survival or regeneration of certain types of axons during peripheral nerve repair or regeneration.
Brain Tumor Segmentation from MRI Images using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks (2020)

Brain tumor segmentation is a process of identifying the cancerous brain tissues and labeling them automatically based on the tumor types. Manual segmentation of tumor from brain MRI is time-consuming and error-prone. There is a need for fast and accurate brain tumor segmentation technique. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently shown outstanding performance in computer vision for image segmentation and classification tasks. U-Net, SegNet and ResNet18 are the most popular CNN for image segmentation. The U-Net architecture uses skip connection that captures the fine and soars information but requires higher computational time for training. SegNet is computationally efficient. The ResNet18 also uses skip connection and has a layer which adds inputs from multiple neural network layers to get more accurate results. The proposed U-SegNet and Seg-UNet is a hybridization of the novel architecture, SegNet, and U-Net. The main difference between them is the depth, Seg-UNet uses five convolution blocks compared to U-SegNet, which has three convolution blocks and both the models has a skip connection inspired from U-Net after the first convolutional layer by using a depth concatenation layer. And proposed Res-SegNet is also a hybridization of SegNet and ResNet18. It is inspired by ResNet18 and uses an element-wise addition layer as a skip connection. The SegNet3, SegNet5, U-Net, Seg-UNet, U-SegNet, and Res-SegNet are implemented to compare the performance based on their accuracy. For experimentation, BraTS dataset are used for training and testing the models. From the simulation results, it is observed that the hybrid architecture has higher accuracy.
Conjugate Addition of Nucleophiles to the Vinyl Function of 2-Chloro-4-vinylpyrimidine Derivatives (2010)

Conjugate addition reaction of various nucleophiles across the vinyl group of 2-chloro-4-vinylpyrimidine, 2-chloro-4-(1-phenylvinyl)pyrimidine and 2-chloro-4-vinylquinazoline provides the corresponding 2-chloro-4-(2-substituted ethyl)pyrimidines and 2-chloro-4-(2-substituted ethyl)quinazolines. Treatment of these products, without isolation, with N-methylpiperazine results in nucleophilic displacement of chloride and yields the corresponding 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines and quinazolines.
RAR-, not RXR, ligands inhibit cell activation and prevent apoptosis in B-lymphocytes (1998)

We have previously shown that retinoids inhibit activation of human peripheral blood B-lymphocytes. In the present paper, we wished to explore the involvement of nuclear retinoid-specific receptors in this process by using ligands specific for the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We found that the RAR-specific ligand TTAB reduced anti-IgM-induced B-cell activation in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, at 100 nM of TTAB, DNA synthesis was reduced by approximately 60%. In contrast, the RXR-selective ligand SR11217 had no effect on DNA synthesis. Similar findings were obtained when the expression of the activation antigen CD71 (appears late in G1) was examined. The role of retinoids in apoptosis of resting peripheral blood B-lymphocytes was examined using the same receptor-selective ligands. Again, we found that the RAR-selective ligands were more potent effectors than were the RXR-selective ligands. In spite of the inhibitory effects of retinoids on B-cell proliferation, the same retinoids significantly promoted the survival of the cells. Thus, 10 nM TTAB significantly reduced spontaneous apoptosis of in vitro cultured B-cells at day 3 from 45% to 30%, as determined by vital dye staining and DNA end-labeling. Again, the RXR-specific ligand SR11217 had no effect. Interestingly, we found that CD40 ligand was able to potentiate the retinoid-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we found that peripheral blood B-lymphocytes expressed RARalpha, RARgamma, and RXRalpha, but not RARbeta, RXRbeta, or RXRgamma. Hence, the lack of effect of the RXR-specific ligand SR11217 on growth and apoptosis was not due to absence of RXRs. In conclusion, the ability of retinoids to inhibit growth and prevent apoptosis of normal human B-lymphocytes indicates a dual role of retinoids in this cell compartment, and it appears that both effects of retinoids are mediated via RARs and not RXRs.
Spatial localization and the refinement of orienting behavior: What can be learned from the barn owl? (2002)

The barn owl is a nocturnal predator that relies on audition for hunting. In addition to being able to localize sound sources with high accuracy, it can adjust its orienting behavior in the presence of changes in sensorimotor conditions (e.g. through growth). We review our work modeling the principal neural structures responsible for the orienting behavior of the barn owl. To expose these models to realistic sensorimotor and environmental conditions, we coupled the simulation of the neural structures with a robot that emulates the owl's head. This system was composed of a robotic head with two lateral microphones and a camera, and was presented with auditory and visual stimulation. This work has allowed a deeper understanding of how the barn owl reliably localizes a sound source, by elucidating some of the mechanisms underlying the rejection of noise. In addition, it has led to the formulation of a learning scheme accounting for a wide range of biological observations on how the barn owl calibrates orienting behavior. The resulting system was able to orient accurately toward visual and auditory targets, while maintaining accurate performance even in the presence of manipulations of the sensory or motor conditions. This work provides a direct example of how an interdisciplinary approach, based on the coupling of computer simulation of brain structures with robotic systems, can lead to the understanding of basic biological problems while producing robust and flexible control of systems that operate in the real world.
Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists (1993)

A series of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines+ ++ (7a-h) was synthesized for biological evaluation as selective agonists for M1 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism in the central nervous system. Each ligand bound with high affinity to muscarinic receptors from rat brain as measured by inhibition of [3H]-(R)-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-(R)-QNB) binding. 5-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine+ ++ trifluoroacetate (CDD-0098-J;7a) displayed high affinity (IC50 = 2.7 +/- 0.69 microM) and efficacy at muscarinic receptors coupled to PI metabolism in the rat cortex and hippocampus. Increasing the length of the alkyl substituent increased affinity for muscarinic receptors yet decreased activity in PI turnover assays. The hippocampal PI response of 7a was blocked by lower concentrations of pirenzepine (8) or by higher concentrations of either AF-DX 116 (9) or p-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol (10), suggesting that at low concentrations 7a selectively stimulates PI turnover through M1 receptors.
[Gene therapy for ovarian cancers by adenovirus-mediated complete antibody gene]. (2004)

Ad-SG-Her efficiently expresses humanized complete Herceptin with effective bioactivity and induces long-term stable expression both in vitro and in vivo. The system may serve as a new antitumoral gene therapy strategy in antibody field.
FM Verification for the 21 st Century (2008)

Background: For children with hearing loss, the benefits of FM systems in overcoming deleterious effects of noise, distance, and reverberation have led to recommendations for use beyond classroom settings. It is important that audiologists who recommend and fit these devices understand the rationale and procedures underlying fitting and verification. Objectives: This article reviews previousguidelines for FM verification, addresses technological advances, and introduces verification procedures appropriate for current FM and hearing-aid technology. Methods: Previous guidelines for verification of FM systems are reviewed. Those recommendations that are appropriate for current technology are addressed, as are procedures that are no longer adequate for hearing aids and FM systems utilizing more complex processing than in the past. Technological advances are discussed, and an updated approach to FM verification is proposed. Conclusions: Approaches to verification andfitting of FM systems must keep pace with advances in hearing-aid and FM technology. The transparency approach addressed in this paper is recommended for verification of FM systems coupled to hearing aids.
Temperature analysis and characteristics of highly strained InGaAs-GaAsP-GaAs (λ &lt; 1.17 μm) quantum-well lasers (2002)

Characteristic temperature coefficients of the threshold current (T/sub 0/) and the external differential quantum efficiency (T/sub 1/) are studied as simple functions of the temperature dependence of the physical parameters of the semiconductor lasers. Simple expressions of characteristic temperature coefficients of the threshold current (T/sub 0/) and the external differential quantum efficiency (T/sub 1/) are expressed as functions as physical parameters and their temperature dependencies. The parameters studied here include the threshold (J/sub th/) and transparency (J/sub tr/) current density, the carrier injection efficiency (/spl eta//sub inj/) and external (/spl eta//sub d/) differential quantum efficiency, the internal loss (/spl alpha//sub i/), and the material gain parameter (g/sub o/). The temperature analysis is performed on low-threshold current density (/spl lambda/ = 1.17-1.19 /spl mu/m) InGaAs-GaAsP-GaAs quantum-well lasers, although it is applicable to lasers with other active-layer materials. Analytical expressions for T/sub 0/ and T/sub 1/ are shown to accurately predict the cavity length dependence of these parameters for the InGaAs active lasers.
7. Some unsymmetrical pentamethincyanine dyes and their tetramethin intermediates (1949)

F. M. Hamer, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 32 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490000032
Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs) (2023)

These data improve our understanding of physiological alterations in the GI tract immediately following exposures to modeled space radiations and demonstrates effectiveness of a promising space radiation MCM.
Pupil optimization for after etch defectivity: what imaging metrics matter? (2021)

A series of experiments was conducted to study how defectivity depends on NILS, aerial image intensity and depth-offocus. Three sets of illuminations were designed to vary only one of these parameters while keeping the others constant for a 48 nm pitch orthogonal contact hole array. The focus was on the after etch defectivity, for which two different etch processes were studied. Both on-wafer LCDU and defectivity for the two etch processes were correlated to the different illumination settings. In summary, we found that defect levels correlate best with the maximum intensity for missing holes and minimum intensity for merging holes. Depth-of-focus appears to have little or no impact on defectivity for the nominal focus condition.
Graphical specification of user interfaces with behavior abstraction (1989)

The Application Display Generator (ADG) is a graphical environment for the design and implementation of embedded system user interfaces. It is a major component of the Graphical Specification Subsystem (GSS) in Lockheed's Express knowledge-based software development environment. ADG gives non-programmers simple and flexible methods for graphically specifying the presentation and behavior of embedded system user interfaces. In the ADG methodology arbitrary presentations are attached to abstract object behaviors. This approach makes it possible to provide unconstrained presentations, intelligent user support, rapid prototyping, and flexible facilities for composing complex objects.
Neue β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika. Über die Funktionalisierung der Cephem‐3‐Stellung mittels Schwefel oder Stickstoff. Modifikationen von Antibiotika, 13. Mitteilung (1975)

New β‐lactam antibiotics. Functionalisation of the cephem 3‐position with sulfur or nitrogen bearing substituents The tosylate sulfoxides or mesylates derived from the 3‐hydroxy‐ceph‐3‐em esters 1a, b reacted with thiols to give 3‐thioethers which were converted into the microbiologically active acids 7a, c, 8a, c 9c, and 13c by known procedures. The 3‐methylsulfonyl‐derivative 17c was prepared from 6b. The synthesis of the 3‐acylamino‐ceph‐3‐em‐4‐carboxylic acids 23c and 24c is reported.
Dynamic computation migration in DSM systems (1996)

We describe dynamic computation migration, the runtime choice between computation and data migration. Dynamic computation migration is useful for concurrent data structures with unpredictable read/write patterns. We implemented it in MCRL, a multithreaded DSM system that runs on the MIT Alewife machine and Thinking Machines' CM-5. We evaluate two dynamic migration heuristics relative to data migration. On a concurrent, distributed B-tree with 50% lookups and 50% inserts, the STATIC heuristic improves performance by about 17%, on both Alewife and the CM-5. The REPEAT heuristic generally performs better than the STATIC heuristic. On Alewife, with 80% lookups and 20% inserts, the REPEAT heuristic improves performance by 23%; on the CM-5, it improves performance by 46%. Our results apply to concurrent, dynamic data structures whose access patterns are only known at runtime. For regularly accessed data structures, static methods will always be applicable, but we expect future applications to be more dynamic.
A wideband fixed-tuned SIS receiver for 200-GHz operation (1995)

We report on the design and development of a heterodyne receiver, designed to cover the frequency range 176-256 GHz. This receiver incorporates a niobium superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction mixer, which, chiefly for reasons of reliability and ease of operation, is a fixed-tuned waveguide design. On-chip tuning is provided to resonate out the junction's geometric capacitance and produce a good match to the waveguide circuit. Laboratory measurements on the first test receiver indicate that the required input bandwidth (about 40%) is achieved with an average receiver noise temperature of below 50 K. Mixer conversion gain is observed at some frequencies, and the lowest measured receiver noise is less than 30 K. Furthermore, the SIS mixer used in this receiver is of simple construction, is easy to assemble and is therefore a good candidate for duplication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>