gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATLAS DataFlow: the read-out subsystem, results from trigger and data-acquisition system testbed studies and from modeling (2005)

In the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, the output of readout hardware specific to each subdetector will be transmitted to buffers, located on custom made PCI cards ("ROBINs"). The data consist of fragments of events accepted by the first-level trigger at a maximum rate of 100 kHz. Groups of four ROBINs will be hosted in about 150 read-out subsystem (ROS) PCs. Event data are forwarded on request via Gigabit Ethernet links and switches to the second-level trigger or to the event builder. In this paper a discussion of the functionality and real-time properties of the ROS is combined with a presentation of measurement and modeling results for a testbed with a size of about 20% of the final DAQ system. Experimental results on strategies for optimizing the system performance, such as utilization of different network architectures and network transfer protocols, are presented for the testbed, together with extrapolations to the full system
A multivariate index analyte (MIA) assay for differentiating aggressive from nonaggressive prostate cancer. (2017)

e588 Background: Biomarkers that can assist clinicians and patients to proceed when PSA and /or DRE are equivocal. Such biomarkers should establish both sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer detection in order to improve go-forward decisions to perform prostate biopsy. Following the successful use of a three-protein marker panel to increase the specificity of prostate cancer detection 1 we have now used the same technology to examine whether an MIA assay can assist in differentiating aggressive from non-aggressive cancer in prostate cancer patients. Methods: Samples from patients with either aggressive prostate cancer or non- aggressive prostate cancer were obtained from two sources. The cohort criteria comprised of serum samples where blood was drawn from patients with adenocarcinoma and a PSA greater than or equal to 2ng/mL. All men were Caucasian with the exception of 3 who were African American. Non-aggressive prostate cancer was defined as having a Gleason score of 6 (n = 35) and aggressive prostate cancer was characterized as Gleason score 7 and above (n = 69). Biomarker levels were determined using a plate based ELISA for GPC-1 2 and a bead-based MIA assay for the other markers. Results: By using biostatistical analysis (Simplicity Bio, Switzerland) two models were identified that were able to differentiate between aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancer. One consisted of a combination of 5 analytes and the other used 6 analytes. Model 1 containing PSA and GPC-1 plus 4 analytes produced a combined sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 78% (AUC 0.81). The second model comprising of GPC-1 with an additional 4 analytes achieved a sensitivity of 72% with a specificity of 76% (AUC 0.76). Both models had a p value of less than 0.05. By itself PSA was a poor predictor of prostate cancer with a sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 43% (AUC 0.55). Conclusions: The analytes identified by the two statistical models demonstrate potential utility for using the combined markers as a new means of differentiating aggressive prostate cancer from non-aggressive cancer. An additional study to further validate these models is currently being constructed.
Closed-Loop Data Transcription to an LDR via Minimaxing Rate Reduction (2021)

This work proposes a new computational framework for learning a structured generative model for real-world datasets. In particular, we propose to learn a closed-loop transcription between a multi-class multi-dimensional data distribution and a linear discriminative representation (LDR) in the feature space that consists of multiple independent multi-dimensional linear subspaces. In particular, we argue that the optimal encoding and decoding mappings sought can be formulated as the equilibrium point of a two-player minimax game between the encoder and decoder. A natural utility function for this game is the so-called rate reduction, a simple information-theoretic measure for distances between mixtures of subspace-like Gaussians in the feature space. Our formulation draws inspiration from closed-loop error feedback from control systems and avoids expensive evaluating and minimizing approximated distances between arbitrary distributions in either the data space or the feature space. To a large extent, this new formulation unifies the concepts and benefits of Auto-Encoding and GAN and naturally extends them to the settings of learning a both discriminative and generative representation for multi-class and multi-dimensional real-world data. Our extensive experiments on many benchmark imagery datasets demonstrate tremendous potential of this new closed-loop formulation: under fair comparison, visual quality of the learned decoder and classification performance of the encoder is competitive and often better than existing methods based on GAN, VAE, or a combination of both. Unlike existing generative models, the so learned features of the multiple classes are structured: different classes are explicitly mapped onto corresponding independent principal subspaces in the feature space. Source code can be found at https://github.com/Delay-Xili/LDR.
FD/spl I.bar/Mine: discovering functional dependencies in a database using equivalences (2003)

The discovery of FDs from databases has recently become a significant research problem. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called FD-Mine. FD-Mine takes advantage of the rich theory of FDs to reduce both the size of the dataset and the number of FDs to be checked by using discovered equivalences. We show that the pruning does not lead to loss of information. Experiments on 15 UCI datasets show that FD-Mine can prune more candidates than previous methods.
OPTIMISATION OF THE BEAM LINE FOR COMET PHASE-I (2013)

The COMET experiment will search for very rare muon processes that will give us an insight into particle physics beyond the Standard Model. COMET requires an intense beam of muonswith amomentumless than 70MeV/c. This is achieved using an 8 GeV proton beam; a heavy metal target to primarily produce pions; a solenoid capture system; and a curved solenoid to perform charge and momentum selection. It was recently proposed to build COMET in two phases with physics measurements being made in both phases. This requires re-optimising the beam line for a shorter curved solenoid. This will affect the pion and muon yield; the momentum distributions at the detector; and the collimator scheme required. This paper will present the beam line design for COMET Phase-I, which aims to maximise the yield for low momentum muons suppressing sources of backgrounds in the beam. Copyright © 2013 by JACoW- cc Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY-3.0).
THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED AXLE LOADS ON MAINTENANCE OF WAY AND TRAIN OPERATIONS AT BURLINGTON NORTHERN RAILROAD (1991)

This paper presents the results of a series of engineering and economic studies of four types of heavy haul movements on the Burlington Northern Railroad. Within the studies, specific issues relating to key operating and maintenance areas were addressed. These included: (1) Annual movement of a fixed volume of coal from origin mine to a destination power plant in existing equipment; (2) Annual movement of double-stack containers from a West Coast port to a major inland transfer point with high capacity car designs; (3) Movement of a fixed volume of coal in unit trains evaluating six, new high-capacity car designs (including aluminum); and (4) Unit train movement of a fixed volume of grain from a midwestern main-line collection point to a West Coast export facility examining seven new car designs, including two articulated versions.
Incoherent optical processor for x-ray transaxial tomography (1981)

A single-channel incoherent optical processor that reconstructs an object from its 1-D x-ray projections has been developed. The projection data are recorded directly on x-ray film, which, after development, is used as the input transparency for the processor. The same computing algorithms used by commercial computed tomography units are optically implemented to reconstruct the object from these projections. The totally analog processor employs time-modulated OTF synthesis to achieve the necessary bipolar filtering operations. This technique involves a time-varying pupil plane mask in conjunction with synchronous demodulation of the detector output to obtain the desired response. Results are presented that are similar in quality to reconstructions produced by commercial scanners. The advantage of this system is that it should offer equivalent performance at a reduced cost.
Laser-induced ultrasonics for detection of low-amplitude grating through metal layers with finite roughness (2020)

We report on the use of laser-induced ultrasonics for the detection of gratings with amplitudes as small as 0.5 nm, buried underneath an optically opaque nickel layer. In our experiments, we use gratings fabricated on top of a nickel layer on glass, and we optically pump and probe the sample from the glass side. The diffraction of the probe pulse from the acoustic echo from the buried grating is measured as a function of time. We use a numerical model to show how the various physical phenomena such as interface displacement, strain-optic effects, thermo-optic effects, and surface roughness influence the shape and strength of the time-dependent diffraction signal. More importantly, we use a Rayleigh-Rice scattering theory to quantify the amount of light scattering, which is then used as in input parameter in our numerical model to predict the time-dependent diffracted signal.
Endoscopic Removal of a Spoon from the Stomach Using Guidewire. (2004)

Foreign body ingestion is a relatively uncommon, but potentially serious condition. Most of gastrointestinal foreign bodies pass spontaneously. But, large objectives are usually lodged in the stomach and cause perforation, bleeding, and obstruction. Therefore, prompt retrieval of lodged foreign bodies are necessary before complications develop. Particularly, in the case of long metallic spoon, there have been no cases of spontaneous passage reported. Therefore, prompt retrieval of a metallic spoon are necessary. A 28- year-old woman with schizophrenia who ingested a long spoon for suicidal attempt was referred to our hospital.Simple abdomen showed a 18 cm sized long, metallic spoon with saw-toothed end placed in the stomach. We removed a spoon by an endoscopic technique and an extraction maneuver using a guidewire and a Magill forceps
Picosecond coherent magnetisation reversal by magnetic field pulse shaping (2003)

Summary form only given. The understanding of coherent switching of a magnetic thin film system is required for practical applications such as the future MRAM memory cell. The Landau-Lifshitz dynamics describing the precessional motion of the magnetic spin system is studied by excitation of lithographically structured micron-sized Permalloy elements by ultra-short magnetic field pulses. The shortest time needed for the reversal of the magnetisation is given by the half of one full precessional oscillation but for this a complete suppression of the magnetisation ringing after the switching process is needed. This requires stopping of the precessional motion at exactly this time, which in practice means stopping this motion on a time scale much shorter than the typical damping time. We will present a technique that enables us to arbitrarily control the magnetisation precession on a picosecond timescale. The method is based on two independently triggered GaAs photoswitches, excited by femtosecond laserpulses. The femtosecond-laserpulse-system allows us to measure the in-plane components of the magnetisation by means of magnetisation induced second harmonic generation (MSHG) while the polar component is probed by linear MOKE.
Skin vascular reactivity to the neuropeptide substance P in rats with peripheral mononeuropathy (1993)

A compression neuropathy model that produces pain-related behaviour in rats was used to investigate changes in skin vascular reactivity in the innervated area. Neuropathy was produced by 4 ligatures tied loosely around the common sciatic nerve. Vascular reactivity was assessed via perfusion of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) over the base of a blister raised on the rat foot pad. Compared to sham-operated rats, experimental rats exhibited a decrease in their vasodilatation response to SP 2-5 weeks after ligatures were tied. A bilateral decrease in vasodilatation to sodium nitroprusside perfusion in treated rats suggested part of the altered SP response was due to diminished vascular reactivity. Plasma extravasation in response to SP was also decreased on the operated side of ligatured rats, significant 4 and 6 weeks after the operation. The results support studies that suggest neurogenic inflammation is altered in chronic neuropathic pain states.
The Effects of the Mixing of Surfactants on the Dispersion of Disperse Dye at High Temperatures (1972)

The effects of the mixing of various types of surfactants on the dispersion in aqueous systems of an azo-type disperse dye at high temperatures have been studied as a function of the mixing ratio of surfactants. The dispersion of the disperse dye in mixed surfactant solutions depends strongly upon the chemical composition of ionic surfactants, especially, surfactants with phenolic hydroxyl group, and the cloud point of nonionic surfactants. In general, the addition of surfactants, having a complex chemical composition and phenolic hydroxyl group in the molecule, e.g., the Na salt of formalin condensate of creosote oil sulfonic acid, tends to cause great influence on the dispersion of the dye suspended with other types of surfactants, while the addition of those having a simple chemical composition and no phenolic hydroxyl group, e.g., the Na salt of formalin condensate of β-naphthalene sulfonic acid, tends to cause little influence. Further, the addition of nonionic surfactants having a low cloud point causes great influence on the dispersion of the dye suspended with other types of surfactants, while the addition of those having a high cloud point causes little influence.
Real world effectiveness and feasibility of pharmacist‐led preemptive CMV treatment in high risk (CMV D+R−) liver transplant (2023)

Abstract Background Recent data have demonstrated a lower incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease utilizing preemptive CMV treatment compared to universal prophylaxis in CMV seronegative liver transplant recipients who receive allografts from CMV seropositive donors (donor‐positive [D+]recipient‐negative [R−]). However, there are little data on the feasibility and outcomes after switching transplant center protocols from universal CMV prophylaxis to preemptive treatment. Methods All D+R− adult liver transplant recipients underwent pharmacist‐led weekly monitoring of World Health Organization standardized quantitative plasma CMV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) after transplant for 6 months. Valganciclovir was started when plasma CMV viral load (VL) reached 100 IU/mL. All patients who were at least 12 months post‐liver transplant were retrospectively reviewed for incidence of CMV DNAemia and CMV disease in this cohort study. Results Among 30 CMV D+R− liver transplant recipients, 23 (77%) developed target CMV DNAemia (≥100 IU/mL) at a median of 26 (range: 10–37) days after transplant with a median peak CMV VL of 947 IU/mL. Valganciclovir was started promptly with a median lag time of 1 (range: 0–5) day. There were no differences in surgical or infectious complications and readmission rates between patients with and without CMV DNAemia. Two patients had possible CMV disease in the first 6 months. None developed CMV disease in 6–12 months posttransplant. Only two patients who developed CMV DNAemia had acute cellular rejection, and none had graft loss or death. Weekly CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was late on only three occasions for all patients before reaching the target CMV VL (&lt;4%). Among those who remained nonviremic, 85% of scheduled weekly CMV PCR testing was completed in the first 3 months. Conclusion Preemptive CMV treatment in high‐risk liver transplant recipients is feasible and safe. There was a low rate of CMV disease in the first 12 months post‐liver transplant with a pharmacist‐led protocol.
CenterNet: Object Detection with Keypoint Triplets (2019)

In object detection, keypoint-based approaches often suffer a large number of
incorrect object bounding boxes, arguably due to the lack of an additional look
into the cropped regions. This paper presents an efficient solution which
explores the visual patterns within each cropped region with minimal costs. We
build our framework upon a representative one-stage keypoint-based detector
named CornerNet. Our approach, named CenterNet, detects each object as a
triplet, rather than a pair, of keypoints, which improves both precision and
recall. Accordingly, we design two customized modules named cascade corner
pooling and center pooling, which play the roles of enriching information
collected by both top-left and bottom-right corners and providing more
recognizable information at the central regions, respectively. On the MS-COCO
dataset, CenterNet achieves an AP of \textbf{47.0\%}, which outperforms all
existing one-stage detectors by a large margin. Meanwhile, with a faster
inference speed, CenterNet demonstrates quite comparable performance to the
top-ranked two-stage detectors. Code is available at
https://github.com/Duankaiwen/CenterNet.
Herztransplantation bei Herzsarkoidose (2008)

Sarcoidosis may involve the myocardium in up to 25% of cases. Clinically relevant symptoms are even more rare. Sarcoidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained serious arrhythmias or cardiomyopathy, particularly in young persons. Cardiac transplantation may have to be contemplated if drug or pacemaker treatment fails to control heart failure.
Hierarchical Cascading in FEM Simulations of SAW Devices (2018)

Application of the finite element method (FEM) for the simulation of SAW devices has traditionally been constrained by the large number of degrees-of-freedom required, resulting in large memory usage and long computation times, and limiting the accuracy of the simulation. In this paper we review the recently introduced hierarchical cascading method, which offers drastically reduced memory consumption and simulation times in 2D simulations. In 3D, the advantages of hierarchical cascading are diminished due to the high number of cross-sectional degrees-of-freedom. As a partial solution to this problem, an iterative hierarchical cascading method is proposed, with reduced number of effective degrees-of-freedom. Examples of simulations of finite devices in 2D and of a periodic array in 3D are provided.
Affective Videogames and Modes of Affective Gaming: Assist Me, Challenge Me, Emote Me (2005)

In this paper we describe the fundamentals of affective gaming from a physiological point of view, covering some of the origins of the genre, how affective videogames operate and current conceptual and technological capabilities. We ground this overview of the ongoing research by taking an in-depth look at one of our own early biofeedback-based affective games. Based on our analysis of existing videogames and our own experience with affective videogames, we propose a new approach to game design based on several high-level design heuristics: assist me, challenge me and emote me (ACE), a series of gameplay "tweaks" made possible through affective videogames.
Predictors of ceasing or reducing statin medication following a large increase in the consumer copayment for medications: a retrospective observational study (2019)

Compared to 2004, an additional 2.1% of statin users reduced or discontinued medication use in 2005, which may be attributed to an increase in the medication copayment. Individuals with general beneficiary status, and younger and healthier people were at particular risk of cessation or reduction in statin use in 2005.
A brief introduction to IoT gateway (2011)

Internet of Things (IoT) attracts many attentions recently and paints a beautiful picture of future life for us. This paper firstly introduces three typical networks residing in sensing domain, one of three domains of IoT architecture. Then the common features of IoT gateway, an important component bridging sensing domain and network domain, are summarized in three points, finally a reference model of IoT gateway is proposed.
Electrospun Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering (2011)

The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a fast growing scientific field. Many diseases and injuries that result in the loss of organ or tissue functions currently lack treatments which restore those functions and the patient to a desirable quality of life. Many current treatments could greatly benefit from incorporation of bioengineered organs and tissues, and investigation into this field shows great promise for modern medicine. Tissue engineering hypothesizes that by incorporating appropriate cells in the context of a threedimensional scaffold and then implanting the cell-scaffold construct into an injury or defect, that the cells and scaffold will provide both active and passive healing properties. Various scaffolding systems exist and are generally made from natural and/or synthetic polymers. Scaffolds can be fabricated by many methods including solvent casting and particulate leaching, melt molding, rapid prototyping, phase separation, and many others (Yang et al., 2001). Of particular interest to the subject of nanofibers is electrospinning, which has seen widespread use in the field of tissue engineering due to the ease of use, scalability, adaptability, and capacity to form fibers on both the micro and nano scale (Sill & von Recum, 2008). In constructing scaffolds for tissue engineering it is ideal to provide cells with an environment which closely resembles their native extracellular matrix (ECM). The spinning of nanofibers allows for a connected and porous scaffold which can mimic the ECM of many tissue types structurally, chemically, and mechanically. The ECM is a largely proteinaceous cellular environment that varies greatly between tissue types. In most tissue types the ECM is composed of a highly interconnected network of proteins such as collagen and elastin, and proteoglycans such as perlecan (Lodish et al., 2008). These molecules link together to form a functional environment in which cells live, move, receive and transmit signals, and which provides structural support to the cells, tissue, and organ as a whole. The composition of molecules in the ECM has a strong influence on the structural properties of the tissue which it helps compose. For example, in tissues which must stretch and bend, such as the muscle of the heart, elastin is a necessary ECM component which lends elasticity to the tissue when found in sufficient quantities (Lodish et al., 2008). Similar examples may be found in all tissue types, exemplifying the common theme of structure supplying function found throughout biology. The ECM is approximately nano scale and fibrous, though the fiber orientation depends on the tissue type. For example, dermis has randomly oriented fibers so as to provide structural support when stretched in different directions, while ligaments have a highly directional ECM so as to provide support in the direction of stress.
Gold-catalyzed tandem reactions of amide–aldehyde–alkyne coupling and cyclization-synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles (2015)

We report the first cationic gold(i)-catalyzed one-pot reaction of amide, alkyne and aldehyde followed by cyclization, to successfully access highly substituted oxazoles derivatives in good yields. A single catalyst allows the occurring of this multi-step reaction atom- and step-economically, with water as the only theoretical side product.
Oral antibiotics as a novel therapy for arthritis: Evidence for a beneficial effect of intestinalEscherichia coli (2000)

We propose oral vancomycin as a novel therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases.