gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data flow languages and architectures (1981)

Data flow concepts provide a new framework for finding solutions to interrelated problems of exploiting parallelism in the architecture of high-performance multiple processor computers, and of programming and structuring distributed systems. A computer based on data flow principles is a radically different form of stored-program computer in which instructions are activated by arrival of their operands rather than by flow of “control.” These machines have no program counter and no concept of sequential instruction execution. Highly concurrent program execution is a natural consequence of data flow program execution, because many instructions may be activated by data at the same time.Several laboratories in the United States, Japan, England, and France are currently building prototypes of data flow computers. In this tutorial, we will describe the programming and the architecture of machines being developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Measuring range using a triangulation sensor with variable geometry (1998)

The design and development of a novel range sensor are described. The sensor employs planar elliptical mirrors to allow dynamic reconfiguration of the triangulation geometry. This permits the acquisition of depth maps of a scene with varying levels of occlusion and depth resolution; combining these images allows a more complete scene description of complex objects and scenes. The precision of the sensor is modeled and compared with experimental measurements. Finally, the operation of the sensor is demonstrated with examples of scene data.
A Hierarchical Tensor-Based Approach to Compressing, Updating and Querying Geospatial Data (2014)

With the rapid development of data observation and model simulation in geoscience, spatial-temporal data have become increasingly multidimensional, massive and are consistently being updated. As a result, the integrated maintenance of these data is becoming a challenge. This paper presents a blocked hierarchical tensor representation within the split-and-merge paradigm for the compressed storage, continuously updating and data querying of multidimensional geospatial field data. The original multidimensional geospatial field data are split into small blocks according to their spatial-temporal references. These blocks are represented and compressed hierarchically, and then combined into a single hierarchical tree as the representation of original data. With a buffered binary tree data structure and corresponding optimized operation algorithms, the original multidimensional geospatial field data can be continuously compressed, appended, and queried. Data from the 20th Century Reanalysis Monthly Mean Composites are used to evaluate the performance of this approach. Compared to traditional methods, the new approach is shown to retain the quality of the original data with much lower storage costs and faster computational performance. The result suggests that the blocked hierarchical tensor representation provides an effective structure for integrated storage, presentation and computation of multidimensional geospatial field data.
A layered security architecture for corporate 802.11 wireless networks (2004)

We investigate the security aspects of wireless local area networks and discuss the weaknesses associated with various conventional 802.11 security protocols such as WEP (wired equivalent privacy) and 802.1x. We propose an architecture to control access to corporate 802.11 wireless networks, based on the privileges and location of users, using tested wired network components such as VPNs and firewalls. The presented architecture reduces the security risks in enterprise level deployment of wireless LANs.
‘It’s much harder than I thought’: Facilitating a singing group for people with Parkinson’s disease (2020)

A university-based, international research project investigating the effects of regular singing group activities for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) provided a unique opportunity to capture the lived experience of three facilitators of Australian-based singing groups. Using a phenomenological approach, data were collected via facilitators’ reflective journals of singing group activities together with their oral reports at a symposium at the conclusion of the larger research project. Data analysis revealed the skills and attributes described by the three facilitators and the challenges they experienced. Results indicate that targeted skills training around a knowledge of voice function and awareness of the physical and emotional challenges faced by people with PD could assist facilitators to develop best practice interventions.
Pitting Corrosion of the Aluminum Ends of Tin-Free Steel Cans (1991)

Bimetal cans, in which the body is made of tin-free steel (TFS) with easy-open ends of aluminum alloy, may be used to hold ion-supplementing drinks, juice, and the like. In such cases, the rest potential of the TFS in the contents of the can may be more noble than the pitting potential of the aluminum alloy, resulting in galvanic corrosion of the Al-alloy ends. Accordingly, studies were carried out on two methods of preventing such corrosion: (1) development of Al alloys having a higher (more noble) pitting potential, and (2) a technique for cladding with a sacrificially anodic material. Furthermore, in order to develop an aluminum alloy for the can ends that is resistant to pitting corrosion (i.e., has a more noble pitting potential), the Cu2+ ion method for rapidly measuring the pitting potential of the aluminum alloy has been developed and is being used to investigate the effects of various additive elements. This method has made it possible to develop an Al-Si-Cu-Mn alloy in which pitting corrosion did not occur even when Cl− ion concentration in the contents of the can reached 1000 ppm. These characteristics make safe its use as a container for ion-supplementing drinks. When the Cl− ion concentration in the contents of the can exceeds 1000 ppm, it effectively provides cladding of a sacrificially anodic material on the aluminum end.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylpiperazine Derivatives. Part 1. Syntheses and Biological Activities of 1‐(2,3,4‐Trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine Derivatives. (1988)

Abstract The Mannich reaction between the piperazine (I), CH 2 O (III), and the acetophenones (II) yields the benzoylethylpiperazines (IV) which are reduced by NaBH 4 to form the secondary alcohols (V).
Large-Scale Structural Analysis of the Classical Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatome (2009)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a critical role in regulating cellular functions by selectively dephosphorylating their substrates. Here we present 22 human PTP crystal structures that, together with prior structural knowledge, enable a comprehensive analysis of the classical PTP family. Despite their largely conserved fold, surface properties of PTPs are strikingly diverse. A potential secondary substrate-binding pocket is frequently found in phosphatases, and this has implications for both substrate recognition and development of selective inhibitors. Structural comparison identified four diverse catalytic loop (WPD) conformations and suggested a mechanism for loop closure. Enzymatic assays revealed vast differences in PTP catalytic activity and identified PTPD1, PTPD2, and HDPTP as catalytically inert protein phosphatases. We propose a "head-to-toe" dimerization model for RPTPgamma/zeta that is distinct from the "inhibitory wedge" model and that provides a molecular basis for inhibitory regulation. This phosphatome resource gives an expanded insight into intrafamily PTP diversity, catalytic activity, substrate recognition, and autoregulatory self-association.
Development of microvalves for gas flow control in micronozzles using PVDF piezoelectric polymer (2008)

This work describes a fabrication and test sequence of microvalves installed on micronozzles. The technique used to fabricate the micronozzles was powder blasting. The microvalves are actuators made from PVDF (polivinylidene fluoride), that is a piezoelectric polymer. The micronozzles have convergent-divergent shape with external diameter of 1mm and throat around 230μm. The polymer have low piezoelectric coefficient, for this reason a bimorph structure with dimensions of 2mm width and 4mm of length was build (two piezoelectric sheets were glued together with opposite polarization). Both sheets are recovered with a conductor thin film used as electrodes. Applying a voltage between the electrodes one sheet expands while the other contracts and this generate a vertical movement to the entire actuator. Appling +300V DC between the electrodes the volume flux rate, for a pressure ratio of 0.5, was 0.36 sccm. Applying -200V DC between the electrodes (that means it closed) the volume flux rate was 0.32 sccm, defining a possible range of flow between 0.32 and 0.36 sccm. The third measurement was performed using AC voltage (200V AC with frequency of 1Hz), where the actuator was oscillating. For pressure ratio of 0.5, the flow rate was 0.62 sccm. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Hydraulic Fracturing, Microseismic Magnitudes, and Stress Evolution in the Barnett Shale, Texas, USA (2011)

Abstract We present new techniques to analyze the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing for stimulating production in shale gas reservoirs. The case study we have analyzed involves five parallel horizontal wells in the Barnett shale with 51 frac stages. To investigate the numbers, sizes and types of microearthquakes initiated during each frac stage, we created Gutenberg-Richter-type magnitude distribution plots to see if the size of events follows the characteristic scaling relationship found in natural earthquakes. We found that slickwater fracturing does generate a log-linear distribution of microearthquakes, but that it creates proportionally more small events than natural earthquake sources. Finding considerable variability in the generation of microearthquakes, we have used the magnitude analysis as a proxy for the "robustness" of the stimulation of a given stage. We have found that the conventionally fractured well and the two alternately fractured wells ("zipperfracs") were more effective than the simultaneously fractured wells ("simulfracs") in generating microearthquakes. We also found that the later stages of fracturing a given well were more successful in generating microearthquakes than the early stages. This increase in microearthquake activity in the latter frac stages corresponded with an increase in the instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP). The net ISIP increase was most pronounced in the simulfrac wells and least pronounced in the zipperfrac wells. We have attempted to model this increase as a cumulative "stress shadow" using an elastic crack-opening model. However, even the maximum reasonable propped fracture aperture causes a stress increase that is less than what was measured in the wells. Since the fracturing of the simulfrac wells took only half the time of the fracturing of the zipperfrac wells, we believe that poroelastic effects associated with time-dependent leak-off is controlling the rate of ISIP escalation and the increase in microseismic creation. We are incorporating poroelasticity in the model to fully integrate stress evolution and permeable volume creation.
Semi-supervised Discovery of Informative Tweets During the Emerging Disasters (2016)

The first objective towards the effective use of microblogging services such as Twitter for situational awareness during the emerging disasters is discovery of the disaster-related postings. Given the wide range of possible disasters, using a pre-selected set of disaster-related keywords for the discovery is suboptimal. An alternative that we focus on in this work is to train a classifier using a small set of labeled postings that are becoming available as a disaster is emerging. Our hypothesis is that utilizing large quantities of historical microblogs could improve the quality of classification, as compared to training a classifier only on the labeled data. We propose to use unlabeled microblogs to cluster words into a limited number of clusters and use the word clusters as features for classification. To evaluate the proposed semi-supervised approach, we used Twitter data from 6 different disasters. Our results indicate that when the number of labeled tweets is 100 or less, the proposed approach is superior to the standard classification based on the bag or words feature representation. Our results also reveal that the choice of the unlabeled corpus, the choice of word clustering algorithm, and the choice of hyperparameters can have a significant impact on the classification accuracy.
The Automotive CASE (2003)

The increasing functionality and complexity of modern automotive embedded systems demand new ways of mastering their intricacies. The standard response to this challenge is the use of abstractions, of appropriate structuring concepts, and, related, but less important, of suitable description techniques. Such ideas materialize in CASE tools. We shed light on CASE in the context of complex embedded systems, taking into account the different activities and phases of a development process. Clearly, integrated tool support is desirable for issues as different as requirements engineering, deployment, code generation, and validation. However, this is far from being simple since different levels of abstraction need to be interrelated. For instance, the embedding of generated code into its context of models and an actual environment. We give our assessment of current and future CASE tools. 1
Management of ocular involvement in the acute phase of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: french national audit of practices, literature review, and consensus agreement (2020)

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can lead to severe ophthalmologic sequelae. The main risk factor is the severity of the initial ocular involvement. There are no recommendations for ocular management during acute phase.We conducted a national audit of current practice in the 11 sites of the French reference center for toxic bullous dermatoses and a review of the literature to establish therapeutic consensus guidelines. We sent a questionnaire on ocular management practices in SJS/ TEN during acute phase to ophthalmologists and dermatologists. The survey focused on ophthalmologist opinion, pseudomembrane removal, topical ocular treatment (i.e. corticosteroids, antibiotics, antiseptics, artificial tear eye drops, vitamin A ointment application), amniotic membrane transplantation, symblepharon ring use, and systemic corticosteroid therapy for ophthalmologic indication. Nine of 11 centers responded. All requested prompt ophthalmologist consultation. The majority performed pseudomembrane removal, used artificial tears, and vitamin A ointment (8/9, 90%). Combined antibiotic-corticosteroid or corticosteroid eye drops were used in 6 centers (67%), antibiotics alone and antiseptics in 3 centers (33%). Symblepharon ring was used in 5 centers (55%) if necessary. Amniotic membrane transplantation was never performed systematically and only according to the clinical course. Systemic corticosteroid therapy was occasionally used (3/9, 33%) and discussed on a case-by-case basis.The literature about ocular management practice in SJS/ TEN during acute phase is relatively poor. The role of specific treatments such as local or systemic corticosteroid therapy is not consensual. The use of preservatives, often present in eye drops and deleterious to the ocular surface, is to be restricted. Early amniotic membrane transplantation seems to be promising.
Thermodynamic properties of liquid transition metals using simple model theories (1986)

Simple model theories have been applied to the thermodynamic properties of liquid 3d transition metals. The one-component plasma model approach of Itami and Shimoji (1984) gives a better description of the thermodynamic quantities than the Percus-Yevick phonon model. For a fully quantitative discussion, however, information on the density of states at the Fermi energy and on its density dependence is essential. Similarly, accurate experimental values are indispensable.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 R1 Protein Kinase (ICP10 PK) Functions as a Dominant Regulator of Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons Involving Activation of the ERK Survival Pathway and Upregulation of the Antiapoptotic Protein Bag-1 (2002)

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can trigger or block apoptosis in a cell type-dependent manner. We have recently shown that the protein kinase activity of the large subunit of the HSV-2 ribonucleotide reductase (R1) protein (ICP10 PK) blocks apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) survival pathway (Perkins et al., J. Virol. 76:1435-1449, 2002). The present studies were designed to better elucidate the mechanism of ICP10 PK-induced neuroprotection and determine whether HSV-1 has similar activity. The data indicate that apoptosis inhibition by ICP10 PK involves a c-Raf-1-dependent mechanism and induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bag-1 by the activated ERK survival pathway. Also associated with neuroprotection by ICP10 PK are increased activation/stability of the transcription factor CREB and stabilization of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. HSV-1 and the ICP10 PK-deleted HSV-2 mutant ICP10DeltaPK activate JNK, c-Jun, and ATF-2, induce the proapoptotic protein BAD, and trigger apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. c-Jun activation and apoptosis are inhibited in hippocampal cultures infected with HSV-1 in the presence of the JNK inhibitor SP600125, suggesting that JNK/c-Jun activation is required for HSV-1-induced apoptosis. Ectopically delivered ICP10 PK (but not its PK-negative mutant p139) inhibits apoptosis triggered by HSV-1 or ICP10DeltaPK. Collectively, the data indicate that ICP10 PK-induced activation of the ERK survival pathway results in Bag-1 upregulation and overrides the proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signal induced by other viral proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SUPPORTED PLATINUM‐IRON ALLOYS (1979)

Abstract Die magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten feinverteilter Pt‐Fe‐Legierungen (90/10 und 50/50) auf C‐Trägern werden zwischen 77 und 700 K in H 2 und O 2 gemessen.
Functional significance of novel neurotrophin‐1/B cell‐stimulating factor‐3 (cardiotrophin‐like cytokine) for human myeloma cell growth and survival (2003)

Cytokines of the gp130 family, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6), play a central role in the growth and survival of malignant plasma cells. Recently, novel neurotrophin-1 (NNT-1)/B cell-stimulating factor-3 (BSF-3), also reported as cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC), was identified as a cytokine belonging to the gp130 family. BSF-3, similar to IL-6, exerts regulatory effects on normal B cell functions, but its functional significance in haematological malignancies has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects and signalling pathways that are induced by BSF-3 in malignant plasma cells. Recombinant human BSF-3 was found to have growth stimulatory activity on plasmacytoma cell lines and primary tumour cells. In addition, BSF-3 was able to protect from Dexamethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis. BSF-3 stimulated cell growth could not be inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies, but was abrogated by anti-gp130 antibodies. In INA-6.Tu11 cells, a subline of the IL-6-dependent human plasma cell line INA-6 expressing gp130 and the receptor for leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), stimulation with BSF-3 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). AG490, an inhibitor of Janus kinases, decreased BSF-3 induced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. This correlated with a reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation levels, while p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was not affected. In conclusion, BSF-3 is a novel myeloma growth and survival factor with a potential role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Bortezomib for the treatment of chronic antibody-mediated kidney allograft rejection: a case report. (2010)

We report on a patient with chronic C4d-positive antibody-mediated rejection, who was subjected to treatment with bortezomib. Despite initial treatment with CD20 antibody rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient presented with a steady increase in serum creatinine and de novo proteinuria. In an effort to directly target alloantibody-producing plasma cells and to prevent ongoing antibody-mediated graft injury, we applied treatment with a single cycle of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone. Treatment was associated with a > 50% decrease in DSA levels and disappearance of capillary C4d staining as detected in a follow-up biopsy. However, there were still profound glomerulitis, an unchanged degree of transplant glomerulopathy and a persistent discrete infiltration of the interstitium by CD138+ plasma cells. The clinical course was unfavorable: despite some decrease in urinary protein excretion, a further deterioration of kidney allograft function was noted. In summary, this case suggests distinct antihumoral efficacy of bortezomib also in the context of chronic AMR. Nevertheless, a major observation was that treatment failed to prevent deterioration of graft function. We speculate that, despite modulation of (complement-activating) DSA, advanced irreversible tissue injury in this late stage of rejection may have precluded a relevant clinical response. Together with other case studies, our results may provide a valuable basis for prospective trials designed to evaluate the efficacy of bortezomib in the prevention and treatment of earlier stages of chronic AMR, e.g. based on the results of early (protocol) biopsies and/or early post-transplant antibody monitoring.
Literatur (2009)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Blend uniformity analysis: validation and in-process testing. Technical Report No. 25. PDA (Parenteral Drug association). (1997)

One of the most challenging problems confronting oral solid dosage form manufacturers today is the difficulty in applying scientifically valid methods to blend uniformity validation. The Wolin decision in U.S. v. Barr Laboratories caused the FDA to reexamine and modify its policies on blend uniformity and sampling techniques. The resulting policies are predicated on the assumption that current technology provides a means to consistently collect minute representative samples from much larger static powder blends. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature indicates that current sampling technology is plagued by a propensity for sampling bias. This limitation is particularly troublesome to the pharmaceutical industry which must then hold these samples to very high standards. In response to these concerns the PDA Solid Dosage Process Validation Committee has reviewed approaches to blend uniformity analysis. This technical report provides: a method to determine the appropriate sample size for each product, a holistic approach for establishing meaningful acceptance criteria, a discussion on the use of proper analytical techniques and recommendations for conducting investigations for out-of-specification results.