gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Axial and Radial Dilation of a DPIMS Tantalum Cartridge for Space Shuttle Flight Experiments (1998)

Ground-based heat treatment tests are planned on an argon gas-filled tantalum cartridge developed as pan of a Diffusion Processes in Molten Semiconductors (DPIMS) experiment conducted on NASA's Space Shuttle. The possibility that the cartridge may creep during testing and touch the furnace walls is of real concern in this program. The present paper discusses the results of calculations performed to evaluate this possibility. Deformation mechanism maps were constructed using literature data in order to identify the creep mechanism dominant under the appropriate stresses and temperatures corresponding to the test conditions. These results showed that power-law creep was dominant when the grain size of the material exceeded 55 gm but Coble creep was the important mechanism below this value of grain size. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the heat treatment tWs assuming a furnace run away condition (which is a worst case scenario) using the appropriate creep parameters corresponding to grain sizes of 1 and 100 gm. Calculations were also conducted to simulate the effect of an initial 3 tilt of the cartridge assembly, the maximum possible tilt angle. The von Mises stress and su-ain distributions were calculated assuming that the cartridge was fixed at one end as it was heated from ambient temperature to 1823 K in 1.42 h, maintained at 1823 K for 9.5 h and then further heated to an over temperature condition of 2028 K in 0.3 h. The inelastic axial and radial displacements of the cartridge walls were evaluated by resolving the von Mises strain along the corresponding directions. These calculations reveal that the maximum axial and radial displacements are expected to be about 2.9 and 0.25 mm, respectively, for both fine and coarse-grained materials at 2028 K. It was determined that these displacements occur during heat-up to temperature and creep of the cartridge is likely to be relatively insignificant irrespective of grain size. Furthermore, with a 3' tilt of the cartridge, the deflection is increased by only 0.39 gm which is negligible. Since the gap between the furnace heating elements and the cartridge is about 7.5 mm and less than the maximum radial dilation of 0.25 mm at 2028 K, it is concluded that the cartridge is unlikely to touch the furnace walls during the experiments.
Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Oligosaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 6A and 6B Containing Multiple 1,2‐cis Glycosidic Linkages. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reducing Bias Current Without Trading Voltage Headroom in Low Noise Amplifiers. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
Contextual cueing of pop-out visual search: When context guides the deployment of attention (2010)

Visual context information can guide attention in demanding (i.e., inefficient) search tasks. When participants are repeatedly presented with identically arranged ('repeated') displays, reaction times are faster relative to newly composed ('non-repeated') displays. The present article examines whether this 'contextual cueing' effect operates also in simple (i.e., efficient) search tasks and if so, whether there it influences target, rather than response, selection. The results were that singleton-feature targets were detected faster when the search items were presented in repeated, rather than non-repeated, arrangements. Importantly, repeated, relative to novel, displays also led to an increase in signal detection accuracy. Thus, contextual cueing can expedite the selection of pop-out targets, most likely by enhancing feature contrast signals at the overall-salience computation stage.
Disruption of HSP90 Function Reverts Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Necrosis to Apoptosis (2003)

Triggering tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) induces apoptosis in various cell lines. In contrast, stimulation of TNFR1 in L929sA leads to necrosis. Inhibition of HSP90, a chaperone for many kinases, by geldanamycin or radicicol shifted the response of L929sA cells to TNF from necrosis to apoptosis. This shift was blocked by CrmA but not by BCL-2 overexpression, suggesting that it occurred through activation of procaspase-8. Geldanamycin pretreatment led to a proteasome-dependent decrease in the levels of several TNFR1-interacting proteins including the kinases receptor-interacting protein, inhibitor of kappa B kinase-alpha, inhibitor of kappa B kinase-beta, and to a lesser extent the adaptors NF-kappaB essential modulator and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2. As a consequence, NF-kappa B, p38MAPK, and JNK activation were abolished. No significant decrease in the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases, adaptor proteins TNFR-associated death domain and Fas-associated death domain, or caspase-3, -8, and -9 could be detected. These results suggest that HSP90 client proteins play a crucial role in necrotic signaling. We conclude that inhibition of HSP90 may alter the composition of the TNFR1 complex, favoring the caspase-8-dependent apoptotic pathway. In the absence of geldanamycin, certain HSP90 client proteins may be preferentially recruited to the TNFR1 complex, promoting necrosis. Thus, the availability of proteins such as receptor-interacting protein, Fas-associated death domain, and caspase-8 can determine whether TNFR1 activation will lead to apoptosis or to necrosis.
Parallel computation and FASTA: confronting the problem of parallel database search for a fast sequence comparison algorithm (1991)

We have parallelized the FASTA algorithm for biological sequence comparison using Linda, a machine-independent parallel programming language. The resulting parallel program runs on a variety of different parallel machines. A straight-forward parallelization strategy works well if the amount of computation to be done is relatively large. When the amount of computation is reduced, however, disk I/O becomes a bottleneck which may prevent additional speed-up as the number of processors is increased. The paper describes the parallelization of FASTA, and uses FASTA to illustrate the I/O bottleneck problem that may arise when performing parallel database search with a fast sequence comparison algorithm. The paper also describes several program design strategies that can help with this problem. The paper discusses how this bottleneck is an example of a general problem that may occur when parallelizing, or otherwise speeding up, a time-consuming computation.
The dramatic COVID 19 outbreak in Italy is responsible of a huge drop of urological surgical activity: a multicenter observational study (2020)

Italy, a country with a high fatality rate from COVID-19, experienced a sudden decline in surgical activity. This decline was inversely related to the increase in COVID-19 care, with potential harm particularly in the oncological field. The Italian experience may be helpful for future surgical pre-planning in other countries not so drastically affected by the disease to date.
The promise of microfluidic artificial lungs (2014)

Microfluidic or microchannel artificial lungs promise to enable a new class of truly portable, therapeutic artificial lungs through feature sizes and blood channel designs that closely mimic those found in their natural counterpart. These new artificial lungs could potentially: 1) have surface areas and priming volumes that are a fraction of current technologies thereby decreasing device size and reducing the foreign body response; 2) contain blood flow networks in which cells and platelets experience pressures, shear stresses, and branching angles that copy those in the human lung thereby improving biocompatibility; 3) operate efficiently with room air, eliminating the need for gas cylinders and complications associated with hyperoxemia; 4) exhibit biomimetic hydraulic resistances, enabling operation with natural pressures and eliminating the need for blood pumps; and, 5) provide increased gas exchange capacity enabling respiratory support for active patients. This manuscript reviews recent research efforts in microfluidic artificial lungs targeted at achieving the advantages above, investigates the ultimate performance and scaling limits of these devices using a proven mathematical model, and discusses the future challenges that must be overcome in order for microfluidic artificial lungs to be applied in the clinic. If all of these promising advantages are realized and the remaining challenges are met, microfluidic artificial lungs could revolutionize the field of pulmonary rehabilitation.
Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression Is Only Partially Mediated by the preBötzinger Complex in Young and Adult Rabbits In Vivo (2015)

Systemic opioid effects on respiratory phase timing can be partially reversed in the preBC without reversing the depression of respiratory rate.
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma induced by lipopolysaccharide (2012)

Our results indicate that TLR4 signaling is required for LPS-induced EMT, tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which provide molecular insights for LPS-related pathogenesis and a basis for developing new strategies against metastasis in HCC.
Predicting Source and Age of Brain Tumor Using Canny Edge Detection Algorithm and Threshold Technique (2019)

Objective: We propose an iterative method and associated with thresholding technique for detecting the tumor source and the age of tumor. Methods: The technique is based on Euclidean distance with strong edge and weak edge for identifying the spreading area of disease and also detecting the tumor age. The work involves the use of canny edge detection algorithm and thresholding technique, which exploits the information detection of brain tumor source through Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). This system helps in the calculation of the age of tumor (approximate) using Euclidean distance. Results: Calculation of the age range between 0 -100 as 0th stage, between 100 - 250 as 1st stage, between 250 - 400 as 2nd stage, 400 – 650 as 3rd stage and also detection of the spread area, helps stopping the tumor from invading the neighbor cells thereby reducing the percentage of invasion of cancerous cells. Conclusion: This method provides the simulation output of proposed algorithm in additional noise resilient and improved in edge and well defined tumor detection than the existing algorithm.
Exploiting Organocatalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of Vinyl Glycines by Allylic Sulfimide [2,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement (2007)

Freie Wahl: Enantiomerenangereicherte E-Vinylglycine lassen sich aus Aldehyden in einer einfachen Sequenz herstellen, die eine organokatalytische α-Sulfenylierung mit einer stereoselektiven Olefinierung, einer Sulfimidierung und einer [2,3]-sigmatropen Umlagerung kombiniert (siehe Schema, Boc=tert-Butoxycarbonyl, nHex=n-Hexyl). Über das Einstellen der Doppelbindungskonfiguration im Olefinierungsschritt sind beide Enantiomere zugänglich.
Optimization and scheduling for automotive powertrains (2004)

Addition of devices intended to improve performance, fuel economy, and emissions of automotive engines makes the tasks of finding optimal settings for the engine parameters and implement the optimal schedules in the engine control unit more difficult. We present an integrated approach intended to simplify these tasks. The components of the integrated process are: 1) engine parameter separation into constrained, dynamic, and instantaneous, 2) extremum seeking, and 3) inverse distance interpolation. The approach is illustrated on the problem of optimizing fuel consumption of a dual-independent variable cam timing engine.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the MLL1 CXXC Domain, an Epigenetic Reader of DNA Methylation (2022)

The CXXC domain is a reader of DNA methylation which preferentially binds to unmethylated CpG DNA motifs. Chromosomal translocations involving the <i>MLL1</i> gene produce in-frame fusion proteins in which the N-terminal portion of the MLL1 protein harboring its CXXC domain is fused to the C-terminal portion of multiple partners. For the MLL-AF9 fusion, mutations which disrupt CXXC domain-DNA binding abrogate the ability to cause leukemia in mice. Based on this, we initiated an effort to develop small-molecule inhibitors of the MLL1 CXXC domain as a novel approach to therapy. We developed a fluorescence polarization-based assay for MLL CXXC domain-DNA binding and screened a library of Cys-reactive molecules. For the most potent hit from this screen, we have synthesized a library of analogs to explore the structure-activity relationship, defined the binding site using chemical shift perturbations in NMR spectra, and explored the selectivity of compounds across the CXXC domain family.
HeLa cell invasion by a strain of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli that lacks the O‐antigenic polysaccharide (1990)

The interaction with HeLa cells of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain and its plasmid-cured derivative strain was examined. An O111:NM EPEC strain B171 harbours a 54 megadalton plasmid (pYR111) necessary for the expression of both localized adherence (LA) to HeLa cells and the O-repeating side chain of the lipopolysaccharide. Under light microscopy, the plasmid-cured derivative strain B171-4 was observed to interact with HeLa cells in a pattern distinct from LA. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the bacteria were internalized by HeLa cells. In contrast, strain B171 induced pedestal-like projections and invaginations of the plasma membrane, but was never completely internalized. A quantitative assay to determine the number of internalized bacteria revealed that strain B171-4 was internalized at levels 30-70-fold higher than those of avirulent E. coli strains. Cytochalasin B reduced the levels of internalization of both strain B171-4 and an enteroinvasive E. coli strain (E11), but did not affect LA by strain B171. These results suggest that EPEC strain B171 may carry a specific chromosomally determined surface factor needed to initiate internalization by HeLa cells. However, a plasmid-determined factor alters the nature of this interaction; the combined effects of the chromosomal and plasmid determinants lead to the characteristic attachment of the bacteria in clusters on the surface of the eukaryotic cell.
Sterischer Verlauf der Reduktion von Ketoacetalestern mit Alkalimetallen in flüssigem Ammoniak (1979)

Die Stereochemie der Reduktion von Ketogruppen wie in ( 1 ) mit Alkalimetallen wird durch benachbarte Sauerstoff‐Funktionen beeinflußt. Die Verbindungen ( 1 ), R 1 , R 2 =H, CO 2 Me, setzen sich zu ( 2 ) und ( 3 ) im Verhältnis 1:2.5–3 um. Dieser unerwartete Befund wird durch Stabilisierung des ( 3 ) entsprechenden axialen Alkoholats durch eine Li‐Brücke erklärt. Na + und K + sind für eine Brückenbildung zu groß; mit ihnen entsteht überwiegend ( 2 ). magnified image
Systemic Contact Dermatitis (2008)

Systemic exposure to allergens resulting in a cutaneous eruption is known as systemic contact dermatitis (SCD). Once sensitization occurs, varying exposures to antigens via multiple routes (including transepidermal routes, intravenous or intramuscular routes, inhalation, and ingestion) can result in systemic flare. This article highlights the different categories of common contactants, metals, medications, and plants, exposure to which leads to SCD. A comprehensive approach that takes into account all possible routes of exposure is essential in diagnosing SCD and in helping patients successfully avoid their allergens.
The effect of intense multi-sensory stimulation on coma arousal and recovery (1993)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic benefits of intense multi-sensory stimulation (IMS) in the management of profound coma. Two hundred hospitalised patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 6 or less recorded on admission and 1 week later, were included in the IMS treatment programme. Twenty-seven patients were seen within the first month following injury and the onset of coma. The remaining 173 patients were first seen on average 6 months post-onset, with the longest period of coma extending to 2 years prior to IMS. All had a “hopeless” prognosis recorded on their charts and all were reported as being in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Outcome results are compared with 33 patients (controls) of similar age, sex, and aetiological and GCS distribution who did not receive IMS; 34.5% of the IMS group made a moderate to good recovery based on Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS), 9% have remained in PVS, 56.5% are still severely disabled with marked psychomotor deficits, but are out of coma and some are continuing to show progress. A total of 91% are out of coma; 33 patients in the control group (100%) remain in coma. The results of this study support earlier observations that the worst prognostic criteria do not apply uniformly to the patient in either acute or chronic coma, and that the outcome in both conditions can be markedly influenced by IMS.
Accelerated Amyloid Beta Pathogenesis by Bacterial Amyloid FapC (2020)

The gut-brain axis has attracted increasing attention in recent years, fueled by accumulating symptomatic, physiological, and pathological findings. In this study, the aggregation and toxicity of amyloid beta (A<i>β</i>), the pathogenic peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), seeded by FapC amyloid fragments (FapCS) of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> that colonizes the gut microbiome through infections are examined. FapCS display favorable binding with A<i>β</i> and a catalytic capacity in seeding the peptide amyloidosis. Upon seeding, twisted A<i>β</i> fibrils assume a much-shortened periodicity approximating that of FapC fibrils, accompanied by a 37% sharp rise in the fibrillar diameter, compared with the control. The robust seeding capacity for A<i>β</i> by FapCS and the biofilm fragments derived from <i>P. aeruginosa</i> entail abnormal behavior pathology and immunohistology, as well as impaired cognitive function of zebrafish. Together, the data offer the first concrete evidence of structural integration and inheritance in peptide cross-seeding, a crucial knowledge gap in understanding the pathological correlations between different amyloid diseases. The catalytic role of infectious bacteria in promoting A<i>β</i> amyloidosis may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target, while the altered mesoscopic signatures of A<i>β</i> fibrils may serve as a prototype for molecular assembly and a biomarker for screening bacterial infections in AD.
Proteomic Identification of Overexpressed PRDX 1 and Its Clinical Implications in Ovarian Carcinoma (2009)

Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in worldwide. The discovery of reliable marker for early detection of ovarian carcinoma is critical for increasing patient's survival because high mortality rate is associated with late diagnosis of this tumor. In the present study, we performed comparative analysis of whole proteomes between serous borderline tumor and serous carcinoma to identify a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis and progression of ovarian carcinoma. Nine proteins were significantly overexpressed in ovarian serous carcinomas compared to borderline tumors. After validation with Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis, prdx 1 was found to be the strongest overexpressed protein in malignant ovarian tumors among the selected proteins. In addition, the high level of prdx 1 expression (>50% positive cancer cells) was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in ovarian serous carcinomas. On a multivariate cox analysis, the relative risk of death was 8.74 in patients with serous carcinomas showing >50% of prdx 1-positive cancer cells. Our results suggest that prdx 1 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ovarian carcinoma, especially serous carcinoma.
EzTaxon: a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences (2007)

16S rRNA gene sequences have been widely used for the identification of prokaryotes. However, the flood of sequences of non-type strains and the lack of a peer-reviewed database for 16S rRNA gene sequences of type strains have made routine identification of isolates difficult and labour-intensive. In the present study, we generated a database containing 16S rRNA gene sequences of all prokaryotic type strains. In addition, a web-based tool, named EzTaxon, for analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was constructed to achieve identification of isolates based on pairwise nucleotide similarity values and phylogenetic inference methods. The system developed provides users with a similarity-based search, multiple sequence alignment and various phylogenetic analyses. All of these functions together with the 16S rRNA gene sequence database of type strains can be successfully used for automated and reliable identification of prokaryotic isolates. The EzTaxon server is freely accessible over the Internet at http://www.eztaxon.org/
Nano-Computed Tomography: Technique and Applications (2016)

Nano-computed tomography is a high resolution CT-technology for 3D imaging at sub-micrometer resolution. The technical concept bases on a further development of the established ex-vivo-micro-CT technology. By improvement of the spatial resolution, structures at a cellular level become visible (e.g. osteocyte lacunae).
Stickstoffhaltige siliciumorganische Verbindungen. CXIX. Synthese der cyclischen siliciumorganischen Ester von Diethanolaminen (1985)

Abstract Es wird über Darstellung und charakteristische Merkmale von 41 neuen cyclischen siliciumorganischen Estern von Diethanolaminen — 1, 3‐Dioxa‐6‐aza‐2‐silacyclooctanen — berichtet. Neun verschiedene Verfahren zu ihrer Gewinnung wurden untersucht, darunter auch die in dieser Arbeit zum ersten Mal beschriebenen. Es wird eine Vergleichseinschätzung der Verfahren angeführt.
SPLIT-TENSILE STRENGTH OF LIME-STABILIZED SOILS (1965)

The phase III AZA-001 study established that azacitidine significantly improves overall survival compared with conventional care regimens (hazard ratio 0.58 [95% confidence interval 0.43-0.77], P<0.001). This analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between treatment response and overall survival. AZA-001 data were analyzed in a multivariate Cox regression analysis with response as a time-varying covariate. Response categories were "Overall Response" (defined as complete remission, partial remission, or any hematologic improvement) and "Stable Disease" (no complete or partial remission, hematologic improvement, or progression) or "Other" (e.g. disease progression). Achieving an Overall Response with azacitidine reduced risk of death by 95% compared with achieving an Overall Response with the conventional care regimens (hazard ratio 0.05 [95%CI: 0.01-0.43], P=0.006). Sensitivity analyses indicated that significantly improved overall survival remained manifest for patients with a hematologic improvement who had never achieved complete or partial remission (hazard ratio 0.19 [95%CI: 0.08-0.46], P<0.001). Stable Disease in both azacitidine-treated and conventional care-treated patients was also associated with a significantly reduced risk of death (hazard ratio 0.09, [95%CI: 0.06-0.15]; P<0.001). These results demonstrate azacitidine benefit on overall survival compared with conventional care regimens in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes who achieve hematologic response but never attain complete or partial remission, in addition to the survival advantage conferred by achievement of complete or partial remission.