gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational and long‐range low field steric deuterium isotope effects on carbon chemical shifts (1982)

Abstract Comparison of the room and low temperature (203 K) 13 C NMR spectra of 3‐ cis ‐bicyclo[4.4.0]decanone and its 2,2,4,4‐tetradeuterio isotopomer provides information about the deuterium isotope effect on the conformational equilibrium in this compound. Four‐bond low field deuterium isotope effects on some carbon chemical shifts are observed. These effects can be used for unambiguous assignment of the 13 C lines to carbon atoms in alicyclic compounds.
Hydrogen Storage in Formic Acid – Amine Adducts (2011)

Formic acid, containing 4.4 wt% of hydrogen, is a non-toxic liquid at ambient temperature and therefore an ideal candidate as potential hydrogen storage material. Formic acid can be generated via catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 or bicarbonate in the presence of an amine with suitable ruthenium catalysts. In addition selective dehydrogenation of formic acid amine adducts can be carried out at ambient temperatures with either ruthenium phosphine catalyst systems as well as iron-based catalysts. In detail we obtained with the [RuCl2(benzene)]2/dppe catalyst system a remarkable TON of 260,000 at room temperature. Moreover applying Fe3(CO)12 together with tribenzylphosphine and 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine under visible light irradiation a TON of 1266 was obtained, which is the highest activity known to date for selective dehydrogenation of formic acid applying non-precious metal catalysts.
Cell and Cell Debris Removal: Centrif Ugation and Crossflow Filtration (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Elements of a Recovery Strategy Characteristics of Centrifugal Separators Principles of Centrifugation Centrifuge Selection Centrifuge Types and Their Applications Centrifugal Separation of Cells and Cell Debris in a Model System Industrial Application Final Remarks on Centrifugation in Cell and Cell Debris Separation Crossflow Filtration Background and Theory Incorporation of a Shear-Enhanced Diffusion Coefficient 12 Time-Dependent Flux Decline Improving Crossflow Filtration Performance Scale-Up Comparative Economics Conclusions References
Differential inhibition of the epidermal growth factor-, platelet-derived growth factor-, and protein kinase C-mediated signal transduction pathways by the staurosporine derivative CGP 41251. (1992)

The microbial alkaloid staurosporine is a potent but nonselective inhibitor of protein kinases. The derivative CGP 41251 has been shown to exert a high degree of selectivity for inhibition of protein kinase C activity. Both compounds are powerful inhibitors of proliferation of both normal and transformed cells in vitro and exert antitumor efficacy in vivo. In this work we have studied the mode of action of these compounds by analyzing their effects on early events in the induction of proliferation by different growth stimuli. Both drugs blocked the phorbol ester-induced expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The effect of CGP 41251 was reversible, since its removal led to a normal expression of c-fos mRNA in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Submicromolar concentrations of CGP 41251 and staurosporine directly inhibited both the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor autophosphorylation and the c-fos mRNA expression induced by PDGF stimulation of intact BALB/c 3T3 cells. In contrast, ligand-induced epidermal growth factor receptor autokinase activity in A431 carcinoma cells and epidermal growth factor-dependent c-fos mRNA expression were relatively insensitive to inhibition by CGP 41251. Staurosporine suppressed signal generation by the epidermal growth factor receptor by reducing overall levels of the receptor. We conclude that CGP 41251 is a potent reversible inhibitor of protein kinase C and PDGF-mediated signal transduction. It inhibits the kinase activity of both protein kinase C and the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase and the subsequent signaling cascade. The broad inhibition of kinases by staurosporine is also reflected at the cellular level and might contribute to the high toxicity of this compound, in comparison to CGP 41251.
Compact nonlinear springs with user defined torque-deflection profiles for series elastic actuators (2014)

Series elastic actuators often use linear metal springs in their drivetrains, which requires design compromises between torque resolution and actuation bandwidth. Nonlinear springs (NLSs), with variable stiffness, overcome this limitation, enabling both high torque resolution and high bandwidth. Current NLS designs combine variable cam structures with off-the-shelf linear springs, which increases the overall size of these torque transmitting elements. NLS size could be reduced by using other materials as an elastic element. We present an optimization-based synthesis method for NLSs that are compact and encode a user-defined torque-deflection profile using elastic elements with an arbitrary stiffness profile. We experimentally validate the proposed method by creating a NLS prototype and testing it on an actuator testbed. The prototype uses rubber as the elastic element, resulting in a compact design that generates the desired torque profile, although hysteresis of the rubber material partially compromises performance. The results suggest that the proposed method successfully generates compact NLS designs, but that rubber elements need to be carefully chosen to mitigate hysteresis.
The crystal structure of the active domain of AAPP, a powerful anti-coagulant, in complex with an antibody (2014)

Blood clotting is a vitally important process that must be carefully regulated to prevent blood loss on one hand and thrombosis on the other. Severe injury and hemophilia may be treated with pro-coagulants, whereas risk of obstructive clotting or embolism may be reduced with anti-coagulants. Anti-coagulants are an extremely important class of drug, one of the most widely used types of medication, but there remains a pressing need for novel treatments however as present drugs such as warfarin have significant drawbacks. Nature provides a number of examples of anti-coagulant proteins produced by blood-sucking animals, which may provide templates for the development of new small molecules with similar physiological effects. We have therefore studied an Anopheles anti-platelet protein (AAPP) from a malaria vector mosquito, and report its crystal structure in complex with an antibody. Overall the protein is extremely sensitive to proteolysis, but the crystal structure reveals a stable domain built from two helices and a turn, which corresponds to the functional region. The antibody raised against AAPP prevents it from binding collagen. Our work therefore opens new avenues to the development of both novel small molecule anti-clotting agents and anti-malarials.
A new practical technique to reduce allogeneic blood exposure and hospital costs while preserving clotting factors after cardiopulmonary bypass: the Hemobag® (2005)

Recent data independently linking allogeneic blood use to increased morbidity and mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) warrants the study of new methods to employ unique and familiar technology to reduce allogeneic blood exposure. The Hemobag allows the open-heart team to concentrate residual CPB circuit contents and return a high volume of autologous clotting factors and blood cells to the patient. Fifty patients from all candidates were arbitrarily selected to receive the Hemobag (HB) therapy. A retrospective control group of 50 non-Hemobag (NHB) patients were matched to the HB group patient-by-patient for comparison according to surgeon, type of procedure, age, body surface area (BSA), body weight and CPB time. Many efforts to conserve blood (Cell Saver and ANH) were employed in both groups. Post-CPB cell washing of circuit contents was additionally employed in the control group. There were no significant differences between the HB and NHB groups in regard to patient morphology, pre-op cell concentrations, distribution of surgeon or procedures (41% valve, 16% valve/coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), balance CABG), pump and ischemic times and Bayes National Risk scores. The average volume returned to the patient from the HB was 817+/-198 mL (1 SD). Average processing time was 11 min. The Hemobag contained an average platelet count of 230+/-80 K/mm3, fibrinogen concentration of 413 +/- 171 mg/dl, total protein of 8.0+/-2.8 gm/dl, albumin of 4.4+/-1.2 gm/dl and hematocrit of 43+/-7%. Factor VII, IX and X levels in three HB contents averaged 259% greater than baseline. Substantial reductions were achieved in both allogeneic blood product avoidance and cost to the hospital with use of the HB. Infusion of the Hemobag concentrate appears to recover safely substantial proteins, clotting factor and cell concentration for all types of cardiac procedures, maintaining the security of a primed circuit.
Network coding-based ARQ retransmission strategies for two-way wireless relay networks (2010)

This paper investigates automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission protocols for two-way wireless relay networks based on network coding (NC). The idea of NC is applied to increase the achievable throughput for the exchange of information between two terminals through one relay. Using NC, throughput efficiency is significantly improved due to the reduction of the number of retransmissions. Particularly, two improved NC-based ARQ schemes are designed based on go-back-N and selective-repeat protocols. The analysis of throughput efficiency is then carried out to find the best retransmission strategy for different scenarios. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Single-photon Kerr nonlinearities do not help quantum computation (2006)

By embedding an atom capable of electromagnetically induced transparency inside an appropriate photonic-crystal microcavity it may become possible to realize an optical nonlinearity that can impart a $\ensuremath{\pi}$-rad-peak phase shift in response to a single-photon excitation. Such a device, if it operated at high fidelity, would then complete a universal gate set for all-optical quantum computation. It is shown here that the causal, noninstantaneous behavior of any ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ nonlinearity is enough to preclude such a high-fidelity operation. In particular, when a single-photon-sensitive ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ nonlinearity has a response time that is much shorter than the duration of the quantum computer's single-photon pulses, essentially no overall phase shift is imparted to these pulses by cross-phase modulation. Conversely, when this nonlinearity has a response time that is much longer than this pulse duration a single-photon pulse can induce a $\ensuremath{\pi}$-rad overall phase shift through cross-phase modulation, but the phase noise injected by the causal, noninstantaneous response function precludes this from being a high-fidelity operation.
Few-Shot Representation Learning for Out-Of-Vocabulary Words (2019)

Existing approaches for learning word embeddings often assume there are sufficient occurrences for each word in the corpus, such that the representation of words can be accurately estimated from their contexts. However, in real-world scenarios, out-of-vocabulary (a.k.a. OOV) words that do not appear in training corpus emerge frequently. It is challenging to learn accurate representations of these words with only a few observations. In this paper, we formulate the learning of OOV embeddings as a few-shot regression problem, and address it by training a representation function to predict the oracle embedding vector (defined as embedding trained with abundant observations) based on limited observations. Specifically, we propose a novel hierarchical attention-based architecture to serve as the neural regression function, with which the context information of a word is encoded and aggregated from K observations. Furthermore, our approach can leverage Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) for adapting the learned model to the new corpus fast and robustly. Experiments show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing methods in constructing accurate embeddings for OOV words, and improves downstream tasks where these embeddings are utilized.
De Russische presidentsverkiezingen 2018: Poetins machtscentralisatie (2017)

Als reactie op fraude- en corruptiebeschuldigingen tijdens de Doemaverkiezingen (het Russische parlement) van 2011 kleurden protesten de straten en pleinen van Moskou en andere Russische steden. De Doemaverkiezingen van 2016 zijn daarentegen bijna geruisloos voorbij geslopen, zonder massale betogingen. Hoe is Poetin erin geslaagd de binnenlandse macht in dergelijke mate te consolideren, ondanks westerse sancties en de dalende olieprijs? Niels Smeets analyseert de binnenlandse politieke en juridische veranderingen, en neemt Poetins populariteit onder de loep.
Temperature-Dependent Resistive Properties of Vanadium Pentoxide/Vanadium Multi-Layer Thin Films for Microbolometer & Antenna-Coupled Microbolometer Applications (2019)

In this study, vanadium oxide (V<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>) semiconducting resistive thermometer thin films were developed, and their temperature-dependent resistive behavior was examined. Multilayers of 5-nm-thick vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) and 5-nm-thick vanadium (V) films were alternately sputter-deposited, at room temperature, to form 105-nm-thick V<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> films, which were post-deposition annealed at 300 °C in O₂ and N₂ atmospheres for 30 and 40 min. The synthesized V<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> thin films were then patterned into resistive thermometer structures, and their resistance versus temperature (<i>R</i>-<i>T</i>) characteristics were measured. Samples annealed in O₂ achieved temperature coefficients of resistance (TCRs) of -3.0036 and -2.4964%/K at resistivity values of 0.01477 and 0.00819 Ω·cm, respectively. Samples annealed in N₂ achieved TCRs of -3.18 and -1.1181%/K at resistivity values of 0.04718 and 0.002527 Ω·cm, respectively. The developed thermometer thin films had TCR/resistivity properties suitable for microbolometer and antenna-coupled microbolometer applications. The employed multilayer synthesis technique was shown to be effective in tuning the TCR/resistivity properties of the thin films by varying the annealing conditions.
High macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression and secretion are associated in inbred murine strains with susceptibility to atherosclerosis. (1993)

To test the possibility that variations in macrophage lipoprotein lipase (LPL) secretion may constitute one of the hereditary components of atherosclerosis, we evaluated LPL gene expression and secretion in macrophages harvested from inbred mouse strains differing in their susceptibility to the diet-induced development of atherosclerosis. Inflammatory peritoneal macrophages harvested from atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL/6J mice showed twofold to threefold higher basal LPL mass, activity, and mRNA levels than those isolated from atherosclerosis-resistant C3H/HeN mice. We determined LPL secretion and gene expression in the susceptible C57BL/6J (B), resistant A/J (A), and A x B/B x A recombinant inbred strains of mice typed as atherosclerosis resistant (A-like) or atherosclerosis susceptible (B-like). Macrophage LPL secretion and mRNA expression were twofold higher in the susceptible C57BL/6J (B) mice than in the resistant A/J (A) mice. Significantly higher LPL secretion, activity, and gene expression were found in recombinant inbred mouse strains that typed B-like than in those typed A-like. These results indicate that susceptibility to atherosclerosis is associated in inbred mouse strains with high LPL secretion and mRNA levels, whereas lower LPL secretion and mRNA expression are observed in atherosclerosis-resistant mice. These observations suggest a contributive role for LPL in the development of atherosclerosis.
Computing Parallel-Jaw Grip Points (1998)

In this paper we propose a model for grasping with an industrial parallel-jaw gripper. Two points on the part are candidate `grip points&amp;apos; if they are accessible and are resistant to frictional slip and torque. We formalize these conditions geometrically on a polygonal slice through the part&amp;apos;s center of mass. We describe an efficient algorithm for computing and ranking all grip points for an n-sided polygonal slice. The algorithm is part of a design and simulation system that can rapidly provide feedback to designers; thus it must run quickly and reliably. We have implemented the algorithm in a Java applet with a graphical user interface that allows Internet users to define a part; the applet then computes, ranks, and displays the set of computed grip points. To try the applet, please visit: http://ford.ieor.berkeley.edu/grip/
Struktur, Totalsynthese und Biosynthese der Chloromyxamide: Myxobakterielle Tetrapeptide mit einem ungewöhnlichen 6‐Chloromethyl‐5‐methoxypipecolinsäure‐Baustein (2018)

Abstract Bodenbakterien stellen eine wichtige Quelle zur Entdeckung neuer Naturstoffe großer struktureller Diversität dar, die die zugrundeliegenden Biosynthesewege sowie den Einbau einer Vielzahl verschiedener kleiner Molekülbaueinheiten widerspiegelt. In dieser Arbeit wird die vollständige Strukturaufklärung, Totalsynthese sowie Biosynthese der Chloromyxamide vorgestellt, einer neuen Klasse von Tetrapeptiden, die eine ungewöhnliche 6‐Chloromethyl‐5‐methoxypipecolinsäure(CMPA)‐Einheit enthalten. Die chemische Synthese, die einen synthetischen Zugang zur CMPA‐Einheit beinhaltet, wurde genutzt, um die Chloromyxamidstruktur zu verifizieren und ermöglichte die Bestimmung der Konfiguration der CMPA‐Einheit. Ein Modell der nichtribosomalen Biosynthese der Chloromyxamide wurde auf Basis der Evaluierung des Biosynthesegenclusters und aus Fütterungsexperimenten mit isotopenmarkierten Vorläufermolekülen erstellt. Dies ergab einen tiefen Einblick in die Biosynthese der verschiedenen Chloromyxamidderivate sowie in die Biogenese der CMPA‐Einheit.
Risk assessment of chemical mixtures in agricultural landscapes (2018)

Environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures is challenging because of the multitude of possible combinations that may occur. Aquatic risk from chemical mixtures in an agricultural landscape was evaluated prospectively in 2 exposure scenario case studies: at field scale for a program of 13 plant-protection products applied annually for 20 yr and at a watershed scale for a mixed land-use scenario over 30 yr with 12 plant-protection products and 2 veterinary pharmaceuticals used for beef cattle. Risk quotients were calculated from regulatory exposure models with typical real-world use patterns and regulatory acceptable concentrations for individual chemicals. The results could differentiate situations when there was concern associated with single chemicals from those when concern was associated with a mixture (based on concentration addition) with no single chemical triggering concern. Potential mixture risk was identified on 0.02 to 7.07% of the total days modeled, depending on the scenario, the taxa, and whether considering acute or chronic risk. Taxa at risk were influenced by receiving water body characteristics along with chemical use profiles and associated properties. The present study demonstrates that a scenario-based approach can be used to determine whether mixtures of chemicals pose risks over and above any identified using existing approaches for single chemicals, how often and to what magnitude, and ultimately which mixtures (and dominant chemicals) cause greatest concern.
Torque Generation Using Ferroelectric Materials (1965)

Exploratory work has been done on a new class of electric motors using electrostatic forces and ferroelectric materials in a manner analogous to the conventional ferromagnetic hysteresis synchronous motor. A simple test motor has been built, yielding confirmation of self-starting, pull-up, and hysteresis synchronous operation. Advantages including the nonmagnetic feature and printed-circuit simplicity are discussed. Limitations imposed by insulation and materials are also described, as well as areas for continuing development.
Supporting People With Type 2 Diabetes in the Effective Use of Their Medicine Through Mobile Health Technology Integrated With Clinical Care to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: Protocol for an Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint) (2021)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Type 2 diabetes is a common lifelong condition that affects over 400 million people worldwide. The use of effective medications and active self-management can reduce the risk of serious complications. However, people often have concerns when starting new medications and face difficulties in taking their medications regularly. Support provided by brief messages delivered through mobile phone–based SMS text messages can be effective in some long-term conditions. We have identified promising behavior change techniques (BCTs) to promote medication adherence in this population via a systematic review and developed SMS text messages that target these BCTs. Feasibility work has shown that these messages have fidelity to intended BCTs, are acceptable to patients, and are successful in changing the intended determinants of medication adherence. We now plan to test this intervention on a larger scale in a clinical trial. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention for reducing cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes by comparing it with usual care. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> The trial will be a 12-month, multicenter, individually randomized controlled trial in primary care and will recruit adults (aged ≥35 years) with type 2 diabetes in England. Consenting participants will be randomized to receive short SMS text messages intended to affect a change in medication adherence 3 to 4 times per week in addition to usual care. The aim is to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention when it is added to usual care. The primary clinical outcome will be a composite cardiovascular risk measure. Data including patient-reported measures will be collected at baseline, at 13 and 26 weeks, and at the end of the 12-month follow-up period. With 958 participants (479 in each group), the trial is powered at 92.5% to detect a 4–percentage point difference in cardiovascular risk. The analysis will follow a prespecified plan. A nested quantitative and qualitative process analysis will be used to examine the putative mechanisms of behavior change and wider contextual influences. A health economic analysis will be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The trial has completed the recruitment phase and is in the follow-up phase. The publication of results is anticipated in 2024. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> This trial will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention for people with type 2 diabetes. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN15952379; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15952379 </sec> <sec> <title>INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT</title> DERR1-10.2196/32918 </sec>