gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations of white matter hyperintensities with networks of gray matter blood flow and volume in midlife adults: A coronary artery risk development in young adults magnetic resonance imaging substudy (2022)

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are emblematic of cerebral small vessel disease, yet effects on the brain have not been well characterized at midlife. Here, we investigated whether WMH volume is associated with brain network alterations in midlife adults. Two hundred and fifty-four participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were selected and stratified by WMH burden into Lo-WMH (mean age = 50 ± 3.5 years) and Hi-WMH (mean age = 51 ± 3.7 years) groups of equal size. We constructed group-level covariance networks based on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and gray matter volume (GMV) maps across 74 gray matter regions. Through consensus clustering, we found that both CBF and GMV covariance networks partitioned into modules that were largely consistent between groups. Next, CBF and GMV covariance network topologies were compared between Lo- and Hi-WMH groups at global (clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, global efficiency) and regional (degree, betweenness centrality, local efficiency) levels. At the global level, there were no between-group differences in either CBF or GMV covariance networks. In contrast, we found between-group differences in the regional degree, betweenness centrality, and local efficiency of several brain regions in both CBF and GMV covariance networks. Overall, CBF and GMV covariance analyses provide evidence that WMH-related network alterations are present at midlife.
Design of Fault-Tolerant and Thermally Stable XOR Gate in Quantum dot Cellular Automata (2021)

In this paper, a new XOR gate is discussed in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). The proposed gate is a single layer structure with no crossovers, and has been designed with redundant cells to increase the amplitude of the output signal and to improve the fault tolerance and reliability of the circuit. Based on the performance comparison, the investigated XOR gate has very high fault tolerance to single-cell addition and single-cell omission defects, thereby making them suitable candidates for designing reliable QCA based digital circuits.
Optical nonlinearity of proton exchanged waveguides in congruent, stoichiometric and MgO-doped LiNb03 (2005)

Optical nonlinearity of proton exchanged waveguides in congruent, stoichiometric and MgO-doped LiNb03
Fabrication of Stacked Organic Electroluminescence Devices with a Combination of Spin Coating and Electrospray Deposition (2012)

A combination of spin coating and electrospray deposition (ESD) was applied for the fabrication of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a stacked structure. Two kinds of polymer materials were used to fabricate a multilayered structure. One was poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV; Sigma-Aldrich) and the other was poly[2,5-di(hexyloxy)cyanoterephthalylidene] (CN-PPV; Sigma-Aldrich). With the addition of acetone to polymer material (MEH-PPV and CN-PPV) solution, smaller droplets were produced at the emitter resulting in thin-film fabrication under a dry condition. This condition was adopted for CN-PPV film deposition on MEH-PPV surface made by the spin coating method. The double-layered OLED obtained successfully emitted light at a bias voltage of 15 V. Layer-by-layer stacking of CN-PPV and MEH-PPV was confirmed by the UV-induced fluorescence spectrum. In case of the layer-by-layer structure, the obtained spectrum showed a linear combination of spectrum from MEH-PPV and CN-PPV.
KSR modulates signal propagation within the MAPK cascade. (1996)

Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) is a recently identified component of Ras-dependent signaling pathways. In this report, we show that murine KSR1 (mKSR1) cooperates with activated Ras to promote Xenopus oocyte maturation and cellular transformation and provide evidence that this cooperation occurs by accelerating mitogen and extracellular regulated kinase (MEK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. We also find that mKSR1 associates with Raf-1 at the plasma membrane in a Ras-dependent manner, indicating the presence of a membrane-bound kinase signaling complex. Although mKSR1 is related structurally to Raf-1, our findings reveal striking functional differences between these proteins. In marked contrast to the isolated amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of Raf-1, the KSR amino terminus also cooperates with Ras, whereas the carboxy-terminal kinase domain blocks Ras signaling as well as MEK and MAPK activation. The isolated KSR kinase domain suppressed Xenopus oocyte maturation, cellular transformation, and Drosophila eye development, suggesting that separation of the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains has uncoupled the normal regulation of KSR as a positive effector of Ras signaling. Together, our findings indicate that mKSR1 is an integral component of the MAPK module functioning via a novel mechanism to modulate signal propagation between Raf-1, MEK1, and MAPK.
Characterization of the human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) oncogene, Kaposin (ORF K12) (2000)

The presence of kaposin DNA in transformed cells was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Expression of kaposin protein was analyzed by Western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Z/os diagnostic data collection and analysis (2005)

Diagnostic fundamentals and recognizing common problem types Obtaining and analyzing dumps and traces Tools for collecting detailed diagnostic data This IBM Redbook describes problem diagnosis fundamentals and analysis methodologies for the z/OS system. It provides guidelines for the collection of relevant diagnostic data, tips for analyzing the data, and techniques to assist in identifying and resolving of Language Environment, CICS, CICSPlex/SM, MQSeries, VTAM, and DB2 problems. Also described are some diagnostic procedures that are not purely z/OS, but that are related to the various platforms (UNIX and Windows) where IBM software executes and interacts with z/OS in a Client/Server or distributed framework topology. This document shows you how to: - Adopt a systematic and thorough approach to dealing with problems - Identify the different types of problems - Determine where to look for diagnostic information and how to obtain it - Interpret and analyze the diagnostic data collected - Escalate problems to the IBM Support Center when necessary Diagnostic data collection and analysis is a dynamic and complex process. This redbook shows you how to identify and document problems, collect and analyze pertinent diagnostic data and obtain help as needed, to speed you on your way to problem resolution.
Research data supporting "MultiWOZ - A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modelling" (2018)

Dataset contains the following json files: 1. data.json: the woz dialogue dataset, which contains the conversation users and wizards, as well as a set of coarse labels for each user turn. 2. restaurant_db.json: the Cambridge restaurant database file, containing restaurants in the Cambridge UK area and a set of attributes. 3. attraction_db.json: the Cambridge attraction database file, contining attractions in the Cambridge UK area and a set of attributes. 4. hotel_db.json: the Cambridge hotel database file, containing hotels in the Cambridge UK area and a set of attributes. 5. train_db.json: the Cambridge train (with artificial connections) database file, containing trains in the Cambridge UK area and a set of attributes. 6. hospital_db.json: the Cambridge hospital database file, contatining information about departments. 7. police_db.json: the Cambridge police station information. 8. taxi_db.json: slot-value list for taxi domain. 9. valListFile.json: list of dialogues for validation. 10. testListFile.json: list of dialogues for testing. 11. system_acts.json: system acts annotations 12. ontology.json: Data-based ontology.
Mining Impact-Targeted Activity Patterns in Imbalanced Data (2008)

Impact-targeted activities are rare but lead to significant impact on the society, e.g., isolated terrorism activities may lead to a disastrous event threatening national security. Similar issues can also be seen in many other areas. Therefore, it is important to identify such particular activities before they lead to significant impact to the world. However, it is challenging to mine impact-targeted activity patterns due to its imbalanced structure. This paper develops techniques for discovering such activity patterns. First, the complexities of mining imbalanced impact-targeted activities are analyzed.We then discuss strategies for constructing impact-targeted activity sequences. Algorithms are developed to mine frequent positive-impact (P rarr T) and negative-impact (P rarr Tmacr macr) oriented activity patterns, sequential impact-contrasted activity patterns (P is frequently associated with both pattern P rarr T and P rarr Tmacr macr in separated data sets), and sequential impact-reversed activity patterns (both P rarr T and PQ rarr T macr are frequent). Activity impact modelling is also studied to quantify pattern impact on business outcomes. Social security debt-related activity data is used to test the proposed approaches. The outcomes show that they are promising for ISI applications to identify impact-targeted activity patterns in imbalanced data.
Toward the development of a diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance working standard (2005)

The first intensive observation period (IOP) to simultaneously measure diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance (scattered solar radiation that falls on a horizontal surface) with a wide array of shaded pyranometers suggested that a consensus might be reached that would permit the establishment of a standard with a smaller uncertainty than previously achieved. A second IOP has been held to refine the first IOP measurements using a uniform calibration protocol, offset corrections for all instruments and validation of those corrections, improvements in some of the instruments, and better data acquisition. The venue for both IOPs was the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement central facility in northern Oklahoma. The 9 days of measurements in October 2003 included a better mixture of clear and overcast conditions than during the first IOP and revealed considerable differences among the instruments' responses for different cloud conditions. Four of the 15 instruments were eliminated as candidates to be included in the standard because of noisy signals, inadequate offset correction, or instability with respect to the majority of the measurements. Eight pyranometers agreed to within ±2% for clear‐sky conditions. Three others have a high bias on clear days relative to these eight, but all 11 agree within ±2% on overcast days. The differences and causes of this behavior under clear and cloudy skies are examined.
Economic Issues and Solutions in Performance Analysis (2023)

Useful for current analysts with less budget and also those aspiring to gain positions, this chapter explores the restricting problems with expensive technologies in performance analysis, whilst also offering practical hands on advice for cheaper or free alternatives with applied examples to assist. The evolutionary drive and increasing use of computers in sports performance analysis is twofold, from innovators and expert practitioners keen to grow efficiency and stimulate further performance enhancements for their athletes, coupled with a parallel growth in digital technologies. In the past, analysts have been all too keen to upgrade their MacBooks to the latest OS X and slightly enhanced aesthetics, only to discover dropped video frames, or worse still incompatibility with capture conversion devices leading to crashing software or no picture at all. There are now a plethora of hardware options for recording video footage, some with AI-enabled automation and some still the traditional tripod and manually pan approach.
Compressive X–ray phase tomography based intensity transpart (2013)

We develop a compressive reconstruction method for tomographic reconstruction of refractive index distribution of weakly attenuating objects using the transport of intensity imaging in a microfocus X–ray system.
An extension of the Herault-Jutten network to signals including delays for blind separation (2002)

Many neural networks for the blind separation problem have recently been proposed. However, in most of them, delays on input signals to networks are not considered. In this paper, we propose an extension of the network of Jutten and Herault (1991) that is applied to input signals including delays. Moreover, we present results of comparative simulations between the original Herault-Jutten network and our method for cases where the input signals are direct signals from sources and delay signals, such as reflections off walls.
Frontline Science: Abnormalities in the gut mucosa of non-obese diabetic mice precede the onset of type 1 diabetes (2019)

Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but little is known about changes in intestinal homeostasis that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed oral tolerance induction, components of the intestinal barrier, fecal microbiota, and immune cell phenotypes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during disease progression compared to non-obese diabetes resistant (NOR) mice. NOD mice failed to develop oral tolerance and had defective protective/regulatory mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa, including decreased numbers of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of total and bacteria-bound secretory IgA, as well as an altered IEL profile. These disturbances correlated with bacteria translocation to the pancreatic lymph node possibly contributing to T1D onset. The composition of the fecal microbiota was altered in pre-diabetic NOD mice, and cross-fostering of NOD mice by NOR mothers corrected their defect in mucus production, indicating a role for NOD microbiota in gut barrier dysfunction. NOD mice had a reduction of CD103<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells (DCs) in the MLNs, together with an increase of effector Th17 cells and ILC3, as well as a decrease of Th2 cells, ILC2, and Treg cells in the small intestine. Importantly, most of these gut alterations precede the onset of insulitis. Disorders in the intestinal mucosa of NOD mice can potentially interfere with the development of T1D due the close relationship between the gut and the pancreas. Understanding these early alterations is important for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for T1D prevention.
Management System Study on Large Hydropower Station Reservoirs Groups in Upper Yangtze River (2011)

Abstract The main problems about the management system of the large hydropower station reservoir groups are clarified based on the current situation analysis of the water energy development in the upper Yangtze River, including unclear division of management functions, utilizing conflict existing in the relative aspects of hydraulic programs, incompleted current tax system, electrovalence system and the electric scheduling distribution system is not conducive to the development of hydropower. A set of complete management system of the large hydropower reservoir groups is put forwardt according to eight aspects. They are high-level coordination mechanism for constructing the development of the hydropower reservoir groups in upper Yangtze River, building the basin integrated management system in favor of the reservoirs development in upper Yangtze River, constructing and completing the regulation and policy systems as well as the efficient operation in favor of the hydropower reservoirs safety in upper Yangtze River. It provides the useful reference for building the management system of basin hydropower reservoirs .
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Ferroelectric with Low Lead Content, a High Curie Temperature, and a High Piezoelectric Response (2023)

Abstract A new solid solution (1− x )Bi(Fe 2/8 Ti 3/8 Mg 3/8 )O 3 –( x )PbTiO 3 (BFTM‐PT) is synthesized and the electromechanical properties are measured. This system is defined as a low‐lead material with ferroelectric/piezoelectric behavior and a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) that leads to enhanced properties. The MPB is located between x = 0.30 and 0.35 and coincides with a structural phase transition and a sharp increase in the piezoelectric response. The system demonstrates ferroelectric hysteresis where x = 0.325 displays the best properties with a maximum polarization of 39 µC cm −2 and a remnant polarization of 26 µC cm −2 . The range of compositions has high Curie temperature ( T c ), ranging from 625–650 °C. Materials with a T c above 400 °C typically have a low d 33 of &lt;50 pC N −1 at room temperature. However, BFTM‐PT has a higher d 33 that most other compositions with a T c in this range, with the highest being 145 pC N −1 for x = 0.375. The d 33 drops off above 100 °C, but doping studies can be done in the future to stabilize the piezoelectric response at higher temperatures. These outstanding properties open the possibility of new transducer applications, in particular ones requiring high temperature and high power.
Transcriptomics for child and adolescent tuberculosis* (2022)

Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is estimated that 70 million children (<15 years) are currently infected with Mtb, with 1.2 million each year progressing to disease. Of these, a quarter die. The risk of progression from Mtb infection to disease and from disease to death is dependent on multiple pathogen and host factors. Age is a central component in all these transitions. The natural history of TB in children and adolescents is different to adults, leading to unique challenges in the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The quantification of RNA transcripts in specific cells or in the peripheral blood, using high-throughput methods, such as microarray analysis or RNA-Sequencing, can shed light into the host immune response to Mtb during infection and disease, as well as understanding treatment response, disease severity, and vaccination, in a global hypothesis-free manner. Additionally, gene expression profiling can be used for biomarker discovery, to diagnose disease, predict future disease progression and to monitor response to treatment. Here, we review the role of transcriptomics in children and adolescents, focused mainly on work done in blood, to understand disease biology, and to discriminate disease states to assist clinical decision-making. In recent years, studies with a specific pediatric and adolescent focus have identified blood gene expression markers with diagnostic or prognostic potential that meet or exceed the current sensitivity and specificity targets for diagnostic tools. Diagnostic and prognostic gene expression signatures identified through high-throughput methods are currently being translated into diagnostic tests.
Circulating Beta-2 Microglobulin and Risk of Cancer: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) (2016)

This study supports B2M as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 657-64. ©2016 AACR.
The elusive source of HIV-1 rebound after treatment interruption (2020)

Identifying the source of viral rebound during a monitored analytical treatment interruption (ATI) would reveal potential targets for cure strategies. Therefore, we examined the genetic composition of proviral DNA in different subsets from participants on antiretroviral therapy and compared this to rebounding virus after an ATI. Eleven participants underwent a monitored ATI and were sampled from different anatomical sites prior to and after the ATI. From the peripheral blood, Naïve (TNA), central (TCM), transitional (TTM) and effector (TEM) memory CD4+ T cells were sorted as were CD45 cells from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Using single-genome sequencing (SGS) the env region of HIV DNA and plasma-derived RNA was sequenced. In an ongoing study, Full-Length Individual Proviral Sequencing (FLIPS) and Integration Site Loop Amplification (ISLA) assays were performed on the T cell subsets from 2 participants. For participant STAR10, 87 integration sites (IS) and 113 proviral genomes were sequenced while only 3 unique intact proviruses (3%) were identified. A cluster of 17 identical defective proviruses were linked to an IS (9% of all IS) in STAT5B located in TCM, TNA, TEM and TTM. When comparing the FLIPS to SGS env sequences a 100% match was found between one defective provirus and one plasma HIV RNA sequence after rebound. For participant STAR11, 37 IS and 105 proviral genomes were sequenced yielding 14 intact proviruses (13%) with the highest proportion found predominantly in the TEM subset (n=13, 45%). Four different clusters of identical sequences could be identified of which 2 (n=3 and n=9) consisted of intact TEM sequences with the smaller cluster linked to an IS in ZNF274. A 99% match between 2 env from rebounding plasma RNA and this smaller cluster of intact proviral genomes was identified. Comparing proviral sequences and their IS to plasma-derived RNA sequences after an ATI reveals additional information in terms of the source of viral rebound. However, this comparison is complicated by multiple factors. For example, we found a plasma-derived RNA sequence obtained during viral rebound matched a defective proviral sequence which highlights the problem of using one HIV RNA subgenomic region for identifying replication-competent virus. In addition, ongoing viral replication during rebound may prevent a 100% match with genetically intact proviral sequences making it challenging to determine the absolute source of rebound.
Transformation of Silver Nanoparticles in Phosphate Anions: An Experiment for High School Students (2019)

A laboratory experiment has been developed to illustrate the transformation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in water containing phosphate anions. The experiment, conducted by high school students, involved hands-on learning to synthesize and characterize Ag NPs via ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. This was followed by a UV–vis probe of the interaction of Ag NPs with phosphate anions. The observations of the color and shift in the absorption spectrum of NPs were explored to help students understand the transformation of NPs in water containing anions.
ERICA (evaluating the role of inflammation in chronic airways disease): Extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD (2013)

Introduction ERICA is a longitudinal study investigating the significance of cardiovascular (CV) and skeletal muscle (SM) manifestations of COPD and fibrinogen in relation to death/admission. This midpoint analysis asks whether the CV & SM manifestations represent the same patient subsets. Method We measured blood pressure (BP), spirometry, fibrinogen, 6 min walk distance (6MW), quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC), and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). We defined CV manifestation as PWV>10m/s (EHJ 2010;31: 2338) and SM weakness as MVC/BMI ratio Results Table 1 presents data from the first 318 of a planned 800 patients, grouped according to presence of CV and/or SM manifestations, with Group 1 (SM) N=95, Group 2 (CV & SM) N=80, Group 3 (neither CV/SM) N=78 and Group 4 (CV) N=65 (Fig 1). Conclusion Analysis of data from COPD patients enrolled in ERICA thus far suggests that there are distinct CV and SM subsets.