gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Submillimeter Wavelength Space-Based Imaging Radar (1989)

This report considers the use of millimeter to submillimeter wavelength space based radars for strategic defense and considers the prospect of developing rf sources to power them. The main application envisioned here is midcourse decoy discrimination for which the radar would have the capability of producing, with modest power requirements, a series of images in real time, at strategic range. These images have resolution from 2-20 meters, depending on the radar configuration. One advantage of a radar over a passive system is that with advanced radar techniques of monopulse and SAR and ISAR, the diffraction limited resolution for a given antenna size can be exceeded by a large amount. A monopulse system generally scales favorably at longer wavelength, while a SAR has more favorable scaling at short wavelength. Wavelengths from 300 &mu;m to 1 mm are good compromises and work well for both radar configurations. One interesting scaling law is that for a SAR at short wavelength, the energy per pixel of image is independent of wavelength. This then gives a tremendous advantage to the most efficient rf source, and fast wave, electron beam driven sources could have significant advantages over CO<sub>2</sub> lasers in this respect. The state of fast wave technology is then reviewed, and the prospect of developing a tube to power such a space based radar is evaluated.
Impact of stratospheric aircraft emissions on ozone: A two dimensional model study (1994)

Atmospheric perturbations caused by the emission of nitrogen oxides from a projected fleet of stratospheric aircraft are studied with a two dimensional chemistry, transport model. Photochemistry of the lower stratosphere, the region where these aircraft may fly, is now known to be influenced by heterogeneous reactions involving sulfuric acid aerosols. This study examines the sensitivity of the atmospheric effects of aircraft to heterogeneous reactions. Information of background aerosols based on the SAGE 2 measurements have been used in the parameterization of the heterogeneous conversion rates. It is found that heterogeneous reactions make the lower stratospheric ozone less sensitive to perturbations in the odd nitrogen level. The calculated reduction in global ozone due to NO(x) injection from a fleet of Mach 2.4 aircraft is 1.28 percent if gas phase reactions only are considered in the model, and 0.06 percent if heterogeneous reactions are included.
Contact Enhancement in Nanoparticle Assemblies through Electrophoretic Deposition (2022)

A strong interparticle connection needs to be realized to harvest unique nanoscale features of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) in film structures. Constructing a strong contact and adhesion of NPs on a substrate is an essential process for improved NP film properties, and therefore, its key factors should be determined by understanding the NP deposition mechanism. Herein, we investigated the critical factors leading to the robust and strong adherence of the film structure and revealed that the NP deposition mechanism involved the role of surfactant ligands during electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The high amount of surfactant ligand treatment results in a high deposition rate of NPs in the early stage; however, the ligand treatment does not influence the deposition rate in the later stage. Furthermore, the deposition mechanism is found to involve three steps during EPD: island formation, lateral growth, and layer-by-layer deposition. Rapid NP deposition kinetics controlled by ligand treatments demonstrate the strong contact and adhesion of NP film structures; they are characterized by the fast charge transfer, low resistivity, and rigid NP layers of the Cu<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub> S NP-based devices. Finally, the controlled role of surfactant ligands in EPD enables design of high-performance nanostructured NP film devices with contact enhancement.
Quantification of breast density with spectral mammography based on a scanned multi-slit photon-counting detector: a feasibility study (2012)

A simple and accurate measurement of breast density is crucial for the understanding of its impact in breast cancer risk models. The feasibility to quantify volumetric breast density with a photon-counting spectral mammography system has been investigated using both computer simulations and physical phantom studies. A computer simulation model involved polyenergetic spectra from a tungsten anode x-ray tube and a Si-based photon-counting detector has been evaluated for breast density quantification. The figure-of-merit (FOM), which was defined as the signal-to-noise ratio of the dual energy image with respect to the square root of mean glandular dose, was chosen to optimize the imaging protocols, in terms of tube voltage and splitting energy. A scanning multi-slit photon-counting spectral mammography system has been employed in the experimental study to quantitatively measure breast density using dual energy decomposition with glandular and adipose equivalent phantoms of uniform thickness. Four different phantom studies were designed to evaluate the accuracy of the technique, each of which addressed one specific variable in the phantom configurations, including thickness, density, area and shape. In addition to the standard calibration fitting function used for dual energy decomposition, a modified fitting function has been proposed, which brought the tube voltages used in the imaging tasks as the third variable in dual energy decomposition. For an average sized 4.5 cm thick breast, the FOM was maximized with a tube voltage of 46 kVp and a splitting energy of 24 keV. To be consistent with the tube voltage used in current clinical screening exam (∼32 kVp), the optimal splitting energy was proposed to be 22 keV, which offered a FOM greater than 90% of the optimal value. In the experimental investigation, the root-mean-square (RMS) error in breast density quantification for all four phantom studies was estimated to be approximately 1.54% using standard calibration function. The results from the modified fitting function, which integrated the tube voltage as a variable in the calibration, indicated a RMS error of approximately 1.35% for all four studies. The results of the current study suggest that photon-counting spectral mammography systems may potentially be implemented for an accurate quantification of volumetric breast density, with an RMS error of less than 2%, using the proposed dual energy imaging technique.
Congenital anomalies in rural black South African neonates--a silent epidemic? (1995)

These figures indicate the necessity for inclusion of appropriate prenatal, genetic, family planning and paediatric facilities into the primary health care delivery system of rural areas, to manage such problems and to initiate programmes to reduce the incidence of selected congenital anomalies such as Down syndrome and neural tube defects.
Development of a Structural Health Monitoring Benchmark Problem for High-Rise Slender Structures (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Reconfigurable Plasmonic Photodetector Integrated with Electrostatic Actuator For Spectrometry (2022)

Miniaturized spectrometers enable spectrometry on limited space, and they have been actively studied for various applications. Although various methods have been proposed to miniaturize spectrometer, conventional spectrometer consist of multiple filters and photodetectors, which limits the reduction of the footprint. Here, we report a reconfigurable plasmonic photodetector integrated with electrostatic actuator for spectrometry. In this paper, we investigated whether spectroscopy is possible using this structure in wavelength range from 1240 nm to 1310 nm. The simplicity of this structure presents potential to be adapted in micro-spectrometers.
Diamond polycrystalline composite material with dispersion-hardened nickel-based additive (2013)

A diamond polycrystalline composite material with improved physico-mechanical characteristics has been obtained at high pressure and temperature using nickel and cobalt powders and tungsten carbide nanopowder as sintering aids. Samples of this material reinforced with CVD polycrystalline diamond at high pressure and temperature have been manufactured.
The interband absorption spectra of sputter-deposited boron nitride analyzed using the coherent potential approximation (1989)

The visible–near-ultraviolet optical absorption spectra for a family of sputter-deposited boron nitride films are reported here. The spectra of films that are nominally stoichiometric (B/N=1.2–1.3±20%) with short-range order equivalent to hexagonal BN were analyzed using the coherent potential approximation with Gaussian site disorder in the bands, as formulated by Abe and Toyozawa. The relative amount of interlayer BN bond randomness determined from optical measurements is consistent with infrared spectrometry results.
Curved copper nanowires-based robust flexible transparent electrodes via all-solution approach (2017)

Curved Cu nanowire (CCN)-based high-performance flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) were fabricated via a fully solution-processed approach, involving synthesis, coating, patterning, welding, and transfer. Each step involved an innovative technique for completing the all-solution processes. The high-quality and well-dispersed CCNs were synthesized using a multi-polyol method through the synergistic effect of specific polyol reduction. To precisely control the optoelectrical properties of the FTCEs, the CCNs were uniformly coated on a polyimide (PI) substrate via a simple meniscus-dragging deposition method by tuning several coating parameters. We also employed a polyurethane (PU)-stamped patterning method to effectively produce 20 μm patterns on CCN thin films. The CCN thin films exhibited high electrical performance, which is attributed to the deeply percolated CCN network formed via a solvent-dipped welding method. Finally, the CCN thin films on the PI substrate were partially embedded and transferred to the PU matrix to reduce their surface roughness. Through consecutive processes involving the proposed methods, a highly percolated CCN thin film on the PU matrix exhibited high optoelectrical performance (R s = 53.48 Ω/□ at T = 85.71%), excellent mechanical properties (R/R 0 < 1.10 after the 10th repetition of tape peeling or 1,000 bending cycles), and a low root-mean-square surface roughness (R rms = 14.36 nm).
Analysis of harmonic suppression by series active power filters (2001)

In this paper, the system structure and basic operation principle of the series active power filter(APF) are described. Its control method and control circuit are analyzed,and experimental studies are carried out using a prototype of the series APF. The experiment results indicate that the series active power filter has good harmonic suppression effect on voltage source load .In a practical circuit, the series APF can compensate a high capacity voltage harmonic source load or several low capacity voltage harmonic source loads.
A variable polarization rotator for interferometric measurements (1993)

A device that rotates the plane of polarization of a monochromatic beam through any specified angle is described. This device can be used in interferometric measurements, since it does not produce variations in the optical path length.
C5a Blockade Increases Regulatory T Cell Numbers and Protects Against Microvascular Loss and Epithelial Damage in Mouse Airway Allografts (2018)

Microvascular injury during acute rejection has been associated with massive infiltration of CD4<sup>+</sup> T effector cells, and the formation of complement products (C3a and C5a). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immunosuppressors of the adaptive immune system and have proven sufficient to rescue microvascular impairments. Targeting C5a has been linked with improved microvascular recovery, but its effects on the Treg and T effector balance is less well known. Here, we demonstrate the impact of C5a blockade on Treg induction and microvascular restoration in rejecting mouse airway allografts. BALB/c→C57BL/6 allografts were treated with a C5a-neutralizing l-aptamer (10 mg/kg, i.p. at d0 and every second day thereafter), and allografts were serially monitored for Treg infiltration, tissue oxygenation (tpO<sub>2</sub>), microvascular blood flow, and functional microvasculature between donor and recipients during allograft rejection. We demonstrated that C5a blocking significantly leads to enhanced presence of Tregs in the allograft, reinstates donor-recipient functional microvasculature, improves tpO<sub>2</sub>, microvascular blood flow, and epithelial repair, followed by an upregulation of IL-5, TGF-β, IL-10 vascular endothelial growth factor, and ANGPT1 gene expression, while it maintained a healthy epithelium and prevented subepithelial collagen deposition at d28 posttransplantation. Together, these data indicate that inhibition of C5a signaling has potential to preserve microvasculature and rescue allograft from a sustained hypoxic/ischemic phase, limits airway tissue remodeling through the induction of Treg-mediated immune tolerance. These findings may be useful in designing anti-C5a therapy in combination with existing immunosuppressive regimens to rescue tissue/organ rejection.
New developments in the treatment of partial-onset epilepsy (2012)

Although most people presenting with partial-onset seizures will achieve control with antiepileptic medication, a considerable minority will have difficult-to-treat epilepsy that is resistant to existing medication. Over the last few years, a large number of new antiepileptic drugs have been developed. Some of these have a novel mode of action. Many of the older antiepileptic drugs act through sodium channels or by enhancement of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). Lamotrigine has sodium-channel blocking properties but also has other important modes of action, indicated by efficacy in treating not only partial-onset but also generalized seizures. Vigabatrin and tiagabine both increase GABA activity, by inhibiting GABA transaminase and limiting GABA reuptake, respectively. The main mode of action of gabapentin and pregabalin is not via GABA but through a selective inhibitory effect on voltage-gated calcium channels containing the α(2)δ-1 subunit. Levetiracetam inhibits the recycling of SV2A (synaptic vesicle protein 2A) neurotransmitter vesicles but also has other effects, including inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Some drugs, eg, felbamate, zonisamide, and topiramate, have multiple modes of action. In many cases, although the main mode of action may have been identified, other modes of action also play a role. Two recently developed antiepileptic drugs appear to have completely novel primary modes of action; retigabine (ezogabine) and perampanel act on the potassium channel and on AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors, respectively. The hope is that antiepileptic drugs with a novel mode of action will be effective where previous drugs have failed and will not have unacceptable adverse effects. However, experience with these medications is too limited to allow any conclusions to be drawn at present.
Experimental feasibility study of confocal microwave imaging for breast tumor detection (2003)

Initial experimental verification of confocal microwave imaging for breast tumor detection is described. Simple phantoms, consisting of a PVC pipe and objects representing tumors, are scanned with resistively loaded monopole or horn antennas. Successful reduction of clutter and detection of a variety of two-dimensional objects is demonstrated.
Fuzzy phase-locked loops (2002)

The problem of robust phase-locked loop (PLL) design has attracted attention for many years, particularly since the advent of the Global Positioning System. This paper proposes and demonstrates the use of a fuzzy PLL to estimate the time-varying phase of a sinusoidal signal. It is shown via simulation results that fuzzy PLLs offer performance comparable to analytically derived PLLs (e.g., Kalman filters and H/sub /spl infin estimators) when the phase exhibits high dynamics and high noise. The fuzzy PLL rules are optimized using a gradient descent method and a genetic algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sintering of Al2O3-Cr2O3 Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Process (2007)

The sol-gel method was applied to create Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramics using aluminum ethylacetoacetate diisopropylate and chromium (III) chloride hexahydrate as starting materials. In the calcination at 600-1200°C it was found that the grains of Cr2O3-rich solid solution grew when they were exposed to the surrounding Al2O3-rich amorphous particles. The composition of the powders obtained by the sol-gel process changed with calcining temperature. Cr2O3-rich solid solutions firstly crystallize at low temperature and the composition of the crystallites changes as the crystals grow and react with the surrounding Al2O3-rich phases. The final sintered bodies fired under an Ar atmosphere showed higher relative densities as compared with those fired in air. A dense sintered body was not obtained when abnormal grains grew when calcining occurred.
5nm-gate nanowire FinFET (2004)

A new nanowire FinFET structure is developed for CMOS device scaling into the sub-10 nm regime. Accumulation mode P-FET and inversion mode N-FET with 5 nm and 10 nm physical gate length, respectively, are fabricated. N-FET gate delay (CV/I) of 0.22 ps and P-FET gate delay of 0.48 ps with excellent subthreshold characteristics are achieved, both with very low off leakage cur-rent less than 10 nA/ /spl mu/m. Nanowire FinFET device operation is also explored using 3-D full quantum mechanical simulation.
Effets des microstructures induites par le procédé de forgeage sur la durée de vie de pièces en Inconel 718 DA (2014)

Optimization of turbine discs in superalloy Nickel based durability is a real industrial challenge. The different regions of a wrought Inconel 718 DA superalloy turbine disk may present a wide range of behavior in fatigue life due to the variability of the microstructure. To improve the fatigue dimensioning, it is necessary to understand the relation between the forging parameters, the microstructure and the fatigue behavior. Firstly, the effect of the forging parameters on the microstructure was realized thanks to simulation calculation via Forge2® and experimental forging were realized. Secondly, fatigue tests under strain control conditions were performed at 450°C for all microstructures. Initiation mechanisms and fracture behavior are identified for each microstructure of this superalloy. Grain size and phases distributions were characterized in the specimens and related to fatigue failure initiation modes. The 3D distribution of the Titanium nitrides was also investigated using synchrotron laminography both in terms of size and spatial distribution. Fatigue crack initiation was seen to occur on large grains in stage I for the larger grain material whereas for the material with slightly smaller grains initiation from internal nitrides caused failure via so-called fish-eye cracks. A relation between the microstructure heterogeneities and the durability is established. Indeed, the initiation mechanism, which depends on the grain size distribution compare to the particles size, impacts the durability. The presence of Σ3 boundaries in large grains proves to be harmful.
GNSS-based calibration of the infrastructure of the repealite indoor positioning system (2013)

In order to achieve indoor positioning, and hence a real continuity of the positioning service in all environments, we designed a new pseudolite-based system using the so-called repealites. A single GNSS-like signal is transmitted from all the repealites (typically 4 for 3D positioning): this approach simplifies both the synchronization process (between transmitters) and the indoor interference between pseudolites. In addition, in order to avoid intentional artificial multipath, the signals from two repealites are shifted in time by a few chips. This approach has already been described in previous conferences.
Measurement of the collisional self-broadening of the cesium6S1∕2→5D3∕2(689−nm)electric quadrupole transition (2004)

We have measured the collisional self-broadening of the cesium $6{S}_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{3∕2}$ electric quadrupole $(E2)$ transition at $689\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ for temperatures from $220\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}370\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, corresponding to cesium number densities from $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. This $E2$ transition may have utility for studies of atomic parity nonconservation (PNC), and the collisional self-broadening represents an important systematic effect which must be understood for an accurate measurement of PNC. We find a value for this broadening of $1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, which is consistent with what would be expected for a quadrupole-quadrupole resonance interaction. To the best of our knowledge, no quantitative measurement of the self-broadening of an atomic $E2$ transition has been reported previously in the literature.
ESRF Upgrade Phase II Status (2014)

The ESRF is close to the end of the first phase (2009-2015) of its Upgrade Programme and has defined the objectives for the ensuing second phase. It envisions a major upgrade of the source to best serve the new science opportunities. The ESRF Council endorsed the proposal to perform the technical design study of a new 7-bend achromat lattice. This configuration will allow the storage ring to operate with a decrease in horizontal emittance by a factor of about 30 and a consequent increase in brilliance and coherence of the photon beam. This paper reports on the status of the accelerator project, highlighting the progress in the technical design.
Balance of physical effects causing stationary operation of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers (2012)

We present a detailed analysis of the optical field dynamics in a Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. We employ a numerical simulation based on the FDML evolution equation, describing the propagation of the optical light field. The temporal evolution of the instantaneous power spectrum at different points in the laser cavity is investigated. The results are carefully validated against experimental data, yielding good agreement. Deeper insight is gained into the role of the physical effects governing FDML dynamics, such as gain recovery and linewidth enhancement in the semiconductor optical amplifier, dispersion and self-phase modulation in the optical fiber, and the sweep filter action.