gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIMKK, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Kinase, Is a Specific Activator of the Salt Stress–Induced MAPK, SIMK (2000)

In eukaryotes, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play key roles in the transmission of external signals, such as mitogens, hormones, and different stresses. MAPKs are activated by MAPK kinases through phosphorylation of MAPKs at both the threonine and tyrosine residues of the conserved TXY activation motif. In plants, several MAPKs are involved in signaling of hormones, stresses, cell cycle, and developmental cues. Recently, we showed that salt stress-induced MAPK (SIMK) is activated when alfalfa cells are exposed to hyperosmotic conditions. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the alfalfa MAPK kinase SIMKK (SIMK kinase). SIMKK encodes an active protein kinase that interacts specifically with SIMK, but not with three other MAPKs, in the yeast two-hybrid system. Recombinant SIMKK specifically activates SIMK by phosphorylating both the threonine and tyrosine residues in the activation loop of SIMK. SIMKK contains a putative MAPK docking site at the N terminus that is conserved in mammalian MAPK kinases, transcription factors, and phosphatases. Removal of the MAPK docking site of SIMKK partially compromises but does not completely abolish interaction with SIMK, suggesting that other domains of SIMKK also are involved in MAPK binding. In transient expression assays, SIMKK specifically activates SIMK but not two other MAPKs. Moreover, SIMKK enhances the salt-induced activation of SIMK. These data suggest that the salt-induced activation of SIMK is mediated by the dual-specificity protein kinase SIMKK.
Atmospheric pressure plasma source for high-speed low-cost surface treatments (2014)

Applications of a novel atmospheric-pressure plasma source the so-called diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) are presented. While the standard volume dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) generate non-uniform plasma and can damage the fabrics surface (pinholing effect) by plasma filaments perpendicular to the treated material, DCSBD geometry provides the visually uniform plasma directed concurrently to the treated surface. Generated cold plasma is visually diffuse with high power-density and can be operated in any working gas, including ambient air, pure atmospheric-pressure oxygen and hydrogen, without the use of expensive He or Ar. Very high plasma power densities achieved allow for short plasma exposure times on the order of 0.1 s and, consequently, for the high treatment speeds. The plasma source is technically simple, safe at the contact with human body and can be operated in humid and dusty environment.
Molecular design of electrode surfaces (1992)

Adsorbed organic molecules at well-defined electrode surfaces, G. Salaita and A. Hubbard modification of electrode surfaces with self-organized electroactive microstructures, J. Facci dynamics of electron transport in polymeric assemblies of redox centers, M. Majda catalysis at redox polymer coated electrodes, C. Andrieux and J. Saveant electrodes modified with clays, zeolites, and related microporous solids, A. Bard and T. Mallouk electron transfer mediation in metal complex polymer coated electrodes, N. Oyama and T. Ohsaka mass and charge transport in electronically conductive polymers, C. Martin and L. Van Dyke.
Single-carrier frequency domain equalization for broadband cooperative communications (2006)

In this paper, we investigate single carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) for distributed space-time block codes (D-STBC) in a relay-assisted transmission scenario over frequency-selective fading channels. We assume the special case of a single-relay where the source-to-relay (S rarr R), relay-to-destination (R rarr D), and source-to-destination (S rarr D) links experience possibly different channel delay spreads. Assuming perfect power control between R rarr D and S rarr D links and high signal-to-noise ratio for all underlying links, our performance analysis demonstrates that SC-FDE for D-STBC is able to achieve a maximum diversity order of min(L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3 </sub> )+L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> +2 where L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3 </sub> are the channel memory lengths for S rarr R, S rarr D, and R rarr D links, respectively. This illustrates that the smaller of the multipath diversity orders experienced in S rarr R and R rarr D links becomes the performance bottleneck for the relaying path. For the special case of a non-fading relaying path where line-of-sight propagation is possible in either one of these underlying links, we demonstrate that the maximum diversity orders of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> +L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> +2 and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> +L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> +2 are achievable assuming nonfading R rarr D and S rarr R links, respectively. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is presented to corroborate the analytical results and to provide detailed performance comparisons among the competing schemes
Processing method of nanostructure by three-dimensional photo lithography using Talbot effect (2016)

Three-dimensional nanostructures are applied to optical devices for controlling optical wavefront. A method which is able to fabricate several kinds of structures simultaneously is required for manufacturing various optical devices. For meeting the requirements, we focus on a three-dimensional lithography process using the Talbot effect in combination with other interference phenomenon. In this report, two types of three-dimensional nanostructure are fabricated by using an exposure mask with grating and flat surface. For estimating geometry of the fabricated structure, a light intensity distribution with two different periodicities was calculated by the FDTD method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to fabricate both a periodical three-dimensional structure and periodical layers.
Surface Traps in Colloidal Quantum Dots: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Perspective (2017)

Surface traps are ubiquitous to nanoscopic semiconductor materials. Understanding their atomistic origin and manipulating them chemically have capital importance to design defect-free colloidal quantum dots and make a leap forward in the development of efficient optoelectronic devices. Recent advances in computing power established computational chemistry as a powerful tool to describe accurately complex chemical species and nowadays it became conceivable to model colloidal quantum dots with realistic sizes and shapes. In this Perspective, we combine the knowledge gathered in recent experimental findings with the computation of quantum dot electronic structures. We analyze three different systems: namely, CdSe, PbS, and CsPbI<sub>3</sub> as benchmark semiconductor nanocrystals showing how different types of trap states can form at their surface. In addition, we suggest experimental healing of such traps according to their chemical origin and nanocrystal composition.
Chromatographic determination of phenols in water (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromatographic determination of phenols in waterColin D. Chriswell, Richard C. Chang, and James S. FritzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 8, 1325–1329Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60358a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60358a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views439Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photonic-band-gap waveguides and resonators (2004)

This work have studied various waveguides and resonators in Si photonic crystal (PhC) slabs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, which can operate in the fiber communication wavelength region. In this study, the fabrication, design, and measurement issues of the photonic band gap (PBG) waveguides and resonators in 2D PhC slabs are reviewed. In addition, various functional elements composed by coupling among PBG waveguides and PBG resonators are described. The current status and future possible directions of PBG waveguides and resonators are also discussed.
Plasma Membrane ATPase Activity following Reversible and Irreversible Freezing Injury (1989)

Plasma membrane ATPase has been proposed as a site of functional alteration during early stages of freezing injury. To test this, plasma membrane was purified from Solanum leaflets by a single step partitioning of microsomes in a dextran-polyethylene glycol two phase system. Addition of lysolecithin in the ATPase assay produced up to 10-fold increase in ATPase activity. ATPase activity was specific for ATP with a K(m) around 0.4 millimolar. Presence of the ATPase enzyme was identified by immunoblotting with oat ATPase antibodies. Using the phase partitioning method, plasma membrane was isolated from Solanum commersonii leaflets which had four different degrees of freezing damage, namely, slight (reversible), partial (partially reversible), substantial and total (irreversible). With slight (reversible) damage the plasma membrane ATPase specific activity increased 1.5- to 2-fold and its K(m) was decreased by about 3-fold, whereas the specific activity of cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase in the microsomes were not different from the control. However, with substantial (lethal, irreversible) damage, there was a loss of membrane protein, decrease in plasma membrane ATPase specific activity and decrease in K(m), while cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c reductase were unaffected. These results support the hypothesis that plasma membrane ATPase is altered by slight freeze-thaw stress.
Heat-treatment behavior of microdefects and residual impurities in CZ silicon crystals (1979)

Thermal behavior of both microdefects and residual impurities in pulled silicon wafers has been studied, using x-ray diffraction and infrared absorption techniques. Several tens of wafers from different suppliers have been investigated after heat treatments at temperatures between 450 and 1250 °C. The results separate the wafers into two categories. In some wafers (category I), interstitial oxygen content is significantly decreased by heat treatments at temperatures between 650 and 800 °C. A high microdefect density is induced by heat treatment at a high temperature around 1050 °C. On the other hand, only slight oxygen reduction and defect introduction by heat treatments occur in other wafers (category II). Conversion from the category I to the category II wafers and vice versa are successfully performed by adding an appropriate preannealing. It is proposed that the wafer category depends on both the carbon content and thermal history of the crystal in addition to the oxygen content.
The Association Between Hypotonia and Brain Tumors in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (2012)

Children with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) inherited tumor predisposition syndrome are at risk for the development of brain tumors. In addition, children with neurofibromatosis type 1 often exhibit low tone (hypotonia). In this study, the authors explored the hypothesis that hypotonia could be a clinical indicator of glioma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. A total of 56 children between 1 and 7 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 were evaluated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was available for 19 of these children. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between hypotonia and glioma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (90% sensitivity and 78% specificity). These results suggest that hypotonia might be a clinically useful indicator of brain tumor in this at-risk population.
Good Manufacturing Practice-Compliant Expansion of Marrow-Derived Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cell Therapy (2007)

Ex vivo expansion is being used to increase the number of stem and progenitor cells for autologous cell therapy. Initiation of pivotal clinical trials testing the efficacy of these cells for tissue repair has been hampered by the challenge of assuring safe and high-quality cell production. A strategy is described here for clinical-scale expansion of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells within a mixed cell population in a completely closed process from cell collection through postculture processing using sterile connectable devices. Human BM mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were isolated, cultured for 12 days, and washed postharvest using either standard open procedures in laminar flow hoods or using automated closed systems. Conditions for these studies were similar to long-term BM cultures in which hematopoietic and stromal components are cultured together. Expansion of marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells was then assessed. Cell yield, number of colony forming units (CFU), phenotype, stability, and multilineage differentiation capacity were compared from the single pass perfusion bioreactor and standard flask cultures. Purification of BMMNC using a closed Ficoll gradient process led to depletion of 98% erythrocytes and 87% granulocytes, compared to 100% and 70%, respectively, for manual processing. After closed system culture, mesenchymal progenitors, measured as CD105+CD166+CD14-CD45- and fibroblastic CFU, expanded 317- and 364-fold, respectively, while CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors were depleted 10-fold compared to starting BMMNC. Cultured cells exhibited multilineage differentiation by displaying adipogenic, osteogenic, and endothelial characteristics in vitro. No significant difference was observed between manual and bioreactor cultures. Automated culture and washing of the cell product resulted in 181 x 10(6) total cells that were viable and contained fibroblastic CFU for at least 24 h of storage. A combination of closed, automated technologies enabled production of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant cell therapeutics, ready for use within a clinical setting, with minimal risk of microbial contamination.
Diffusion of a nanowire rod through an obstacle field (2016)

We report the experimental realization of a rod diffusing in a two-dimensional obstacle field following the single rod dynamics. We use a silver nanowire as our rod and two types of obstacles: repelling light beams and polymer pillars. We study the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the transport of the rod, comparing both experimental realizations and recent simulations. We propose a framework for analyzing the transport through such systems, and we predict a new superdiffusive regime of rod transport at high obstacle concentration and short times.
“Optimum” Formulae for Heart Rate Correction of the QT Interval (1999)

The study investigated the performance of several generic QT/RR regression models in a dataset of QT and RR intervals obtained from resting electrocardiograms of 1,100 healthy subjects (913 male, mean age 33+/-12 years). All the investigated models have three degrees of freedom and included the hyperparabolic and hyper-hyperbolic models, algorithmic models, negative exponential models, and models involving inverse tangent, hyperbolic tangent, and inverse hyperbolic sign functions. For each generic model, the combination of parameters leading to the lowest regression residuum was found. The results of the study show that the goodness of the optimum fit is practically independent of the generic form of the regression model and that different datasets lead to different combinations of the numerical values of parameters of the corresponding regression models. The study concludes that the search for a universally applicable QT/RR regression model that would provide the best fit in all circumstances is most likely fruitless. Rather, individual studies such as those investigating drug related QT prolongation might benefit from establishing a best-fit regression that would provide the optimum model for each particular dataset.
The protective role of endogenously synthesized nitric oxide in staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced shock in mice. (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis during experimental endotoxemia has been shown to have both deleterious and beneficial effects. In the present study, we analyzed the in vivo production and the regulatory role of NO in the shock syndrome induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in mice. First, we found that intraperitoneal administration of 100 micrograms SEB in BALB/c mice induced a massive synthesis of NO as indicated by high serum levels of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) peaking 16 h after SEB injection. The inhibition of NO2- and NO3- release in mice injected with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and/or anti-interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibody (mAb) before SEB challenge revealed that both cytokines were involved in SEB-induced NO overproduction. In vitro experiments indicated that NO synthase (NOS) inhibition by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) enhanced IFN-gamma and TNF production by splenocytes in response to SEB. A similar effect was observed in vivo as treatment of mice with L-NAME resulted in increased IFN-gamma and TNF serum levels 24 h after SEB challenge, together with persistent expression of corresponding cytokine mRNA in spleen. The prolonged production of inflammatory cytokines in mice receiving L-NAME and SEB was associated with a 95% mortality rate within 96 h, whereas all mice survived injections of SEB or L-NAME alone. Both TNF and INF-gamma were responsible for the lethality induced by SEB in L-NAME-treated mice as shown by the protection provided by simultaneous administration of anti-IFN-gamma and anti-TNF mAbs. We conclude the SEB induces NO synthesis in vivo and that endogenous NO has protective effects in this model of T cell-dependent shock by downregulating IFN-gamma and TNF production.
Non-binary Hybrid LDPC Codes: Structure, Decoding and Optimization (2007)

In this paper, we propose to study and optimize a very general class of LDPC codes whose variable nodes belong to finite sets with different orders. We named this class of codes Hybrid LDPC codes. Although efficient optimization techniques exist for binary LDPC codes and more recently for non-binary LDPC codes, they both exhibit drawbacks due to different reasons. Our goal is to capitalize on the advantages of both families by building codes with binary (or small finite set order) and non-binary parts in their factor graph representation. The class of Hybrid LDPC codes is obviously larger than existing types of codes, which gives more degrees of freedom to find good codes where the existing codes show their limits. We give two examples where hybrid LDPC codes show their interest.
Brilliant Optical Properties of Nanometric Noble Metal Spheres, Rods, and Aperture Arrays (2002)

Effect of Focal Plane Array Cold Shield Aperture Size on Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-Imaging Spectrometer Performance
A mitochondrial tRNA Val gene mutation (G1642A) in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (1998)

We studied a patient with the diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) for mitochondrial DNA mutations in muscle. Established MELAS mutations were excluded. Mitochondrial DNA was further analyzed for mutations in the 22 tRNA genes by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis; a tRNA(Val) mutation (G1642A) was found. The structure of the altered tRNA, the heteroplasmy, and the absence of the mutation in the mother and in 100 control subjects suggests that the tRNA(Val) mutation is associated with the MELAS syndrome.
Three‐Dimensional Perfusion Culture of Human Bone Marrow Cells and Generation of Osteoinductive Grafts (2005)

Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are critical to investigate cell physiology and to engineer tissue grafts. In this study, we describe a simple yet innovative bioreactor-based approach to seed, expand, and differentiate bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) directly in a 3D environment, bypassing the conventional process of monolayer (two-dimensional [2D]) expansion. The system, based on the perfusion of bone marrow-nucleated cells through porous 3D scaffolds, supported the formation of stromal-like tissues, where BMSCs could be cocultured with hematopoietic progenitor cells in proportions dependent on the specific medium supplements. The resulting engineered constructs, when implanted ectopically in nude mice, generated bone tissue more reproducibly, uniformly, and extensively than scaffolds loaded with 2D-expanded BMSCs. The developed system may thus be used as a 3D in vitro model of bone marrow to study interactions between BMSCs and hematopoietic cells as well as to streamline manufacture of osteoinductive grafts in the context of regenerative medicine.
Diacetyl reductase of Lactobacillus casei (1970)

Diacetyl reductase (diacetyl:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidoreductase, EC. 1.1.1.5) has been isolated from Lactobacillus casei. Cell sonication, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and alumina gel adsorption were used to obtain the partially purified enzyme. Both NADH oxidase and diacetyl reductase activity were associated with the same fraction at all stages in purification. Growth in media containing added pyruvate resulted in a 10-fold increase in the NADH oxidase activity and a 3-fold increase in the diacetyl reductase activity of crude cell extracts on a protein basis. Purified preparations showed maximal reductase and oxidase activities at pH 4.5 and 5.0, respectively. Lineweaver–Burke plots yielded intersecting lines when NADH and diacetyl concentrations were varied, suggesting a flavin-linked reaction. The absorption spectrum of the purified preparation was characteristic of that of a flavoprotein. The product of the reduction of diacetyl was identified as acetoin. Acetoin and methylene blue were inactive as acceptors.