gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Band Multi-Standard CMOS Receiver Front-Ends for 4G Mobile Applications (2009)

The development of the transistor and its continuous down-scaling has allowed during the last decades the appearance of cheap wireless communication systems targeting consumer products. The complexity of these systems has increased dramatically during the last years, mainly fueled by both the Moore law and improvements in communication theory. Originally, the radio transceivers were composed of only a few transistors, and supported simple analog modulation schemes. Currently, radio transceivers are composed of thousands of transistors including not only radio/analog blocks but also a huge amount of digital circuitry as well. These radios use advanced digital modulation schemes, channel coding, and multiple access schemes. Despite the fact that digital circuits currently offer an impressive performance, pure digital signal processing of radio signals remains limited for relatively low frequencies below a few hundred MHz. On the other hand, frequency bands used in current mobile applications span from around 800MHz up to 6 GHz and hence demand the use of analog circuits to down-convert the radio signals to lower frequencies that are suitable for digital processing. The group of circuits that form this part of the receiver is known as the radio receiver front-end. The design of modern radio receiver front-ends has many challenges. One requirement is support of a multitude of standards with bands that are scattered all along the mobile radio spectrum. Accordingly, the noise and linearity specifications for these front-ends are very stringent. Also, these specifications have to be accomplished using low-power, low-cost, highly integrated circuit solutions. This thesis presents the design of multi-band multi-standard receiver front-ends for fourth generation mobile communications. A novel methodology that speeds up the development of multi-band multi-standard RF blocks by automating some steps in the design is shown. Examples of submicron and nanometer CMOS wideband receiver front-ends targeting 4G mobile applications are presented. New techniques for inductorless wideband front-ends using current-mode technology are presented. Finally, novel RF calibration techniques to cope with process, voltage, and temperature variations in modern CMOS processes are demonstrated.
Preservation of the Carrier Envelope Phase in Generation of Cross Polarized Wave (2009)

We demonstrate the preservation of the CEP in the XPW process with two independent methods, both relying on the spatially and spectrally resolved interference fringes formed by the XPW beam and its fundamental.
Using AutoTutor to Track Performance and Engagement in a Reading Comprehension Intervention for Adult Literacy Students (2021)

A large percentage of adults throughout the world have low reading skills. Computer technologies can potentially help these adults improve their literacy in addition to instructors at literacy centers. AutoTutor was designed to teach comprehension strategies by implementing conversational 'trialogues' in which two computer agents (tutor and peer) hold spoken interactions with the adult about words, sentences, and text in digital lessons. The agents model comprehension strategies, ask questions, and give feedback on adult answers. AutoTutor records in log files the adults' performance, namely the time and accuracy of answering questions in the conversation. We assessed the value of AutoTutor in a study with 52 adult literacy students in the United States and Canada who interacted with AutoTutor as part of a 4-month intervention with human instructors. Performance in AutoTutor was tracked at four theoretical discourse levels (words, explicit textbase, conceptual situation model, rhetorical structure) and also engagement, with an objective psychometric measure of comprehension skill both before and after the intervention. The results showed that AutoTutor provides nuanced performance and engagement measures that predicted comprehension improvements and can be used to guide formative assessment for instructors.
Computing similarity transformations from only image correspondences (2015)

We propose a novel solution for computing the relative pose between two generalized cameras that includes reconciling the internal scale of the generalized cameras. This approach can be used to compute a similarity transformation between two coordinate systems, making it useful for loop closure in visual odometry and registering multiple structure from motion reconstructions together. In contrast to alternative similarity transformation methods, our approach uses 2D-2D image correspondences thus is not subject to the depth uncertainty that often arises with 3D points. We utilize a known vertical direction (which may be easily obtained from IMU data or vertical vanishing point detection) of the generalized cameras to solve the generalized relative pose and scale problem as an efficient Quadratic Eigenvalue Problem. To our knowledge, this is the first method for computing similarity transformations that does not require any 3D information. Our experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate that this leads to improved performance compared to methods that use 3D-3D or 2D-3D correspondences, especially as the depth of the scene increases.
Performance limits of spectrally-efficient WDM direct-detection SSB Nyquist subcarrier modulation with signal-signal beat interference cancellation (2015)

We carried out a simulation-based study assessing the performance of WDM direct-detection dispersion pre-compensated single-sideband (SSB) Nyquist-pulse-shaped QAM subcarrier modulated (N-SCM) systems using a receiver-based signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) cancellation technique. The performance improvement with SSBI cancellation, which compensates for the nonlinear distortion caused by square-law detection, was quantified for 9 × 112 Gb/s 16-QAM and 9 × 224 Gb/s 64-QAM N-SCM signals with net optical information spectral densities (ISD) of 2.1 (b/s)/Hz and 4.1 (b/s)/Hz respectively. The simulations predict significant reductions in the required OSNR, and increases of up to 45% in transmission distance over uncompensated standard single-mode fibre (SSMF) using the SSBI compensation technique.
Studies on the Fluorescent Substances in the Body of Bees (1974)

The fluoreicent substances in the body of four kinds of bees were examined at the three stages of larva, pupa, and imago by paper chromatography. It was confirmed clearly on chromatograms that fluorescent substances of Apis melliferea L. and other species were four and five, respectively, excluding riboflavin. Three of these fluorescent substances, BV-substance of Rf 0.05, V-substance of Rf0.18, and B-substance of Rf0.45 on the paper, were recognized as major components at three stages of bees, and other substances were negligible on the paper. These three substances were isolated in a crystalline form from defatted powder of the larva of Vespa lewisi C. by gel filtration over Sephada G-10 and absorption chromatography on a1umina. These three substances were identified with L-kynurenine, isoxanthopterin, and xanthurate 4, 8-diglucoside from chemical and physical properties. The occurrence of xanthurate 4, 8-diglucoside as a tryptophan metabolite has been demonstrated for the first time in bees.
A Simple Preparation of Aryl Methanesulfonates by Thermal Decomposition of Dry Arenediazonium o-Benzenedisulfonimides in Methanesulfonic Acid (1999)

Aryl methanesulfonates 3 (18 examples) were easily prepared by thermal decomposition of dry arenediazonium o-benzene-disulfonimides 1 in methanesulfonic acid (2). The reactions were carried out at temperatures between 60 and 120 °C for times between 0.5 and 8 h. The aryl methanesulfonates were obtained in reproducible yield of 70-90%, with few exceptions. In all cases the o-benzenedisulfonimide (4) could be recovered in good yields which can then be reused to prepare the salts 1. When thermal decomposition of salts 1 was carried out in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (5) at 90-120 °C for 1-2 h, aryl trifluoromethanesulfonates 6 were obtained in 73-78% yield (3 examples).
Molecular cloning of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that constitutively activates adenylate cyclase (1995)

A human gene encoding an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor named ACCA (adenylate cyclase constitutive activator) was isolated from a genomic library using as a probe a DNA fragment obtained by low-stringency PCR. Human ACCA (hACCA) is a protein of 330 amino acids that exhibits all the structural hallmarks of the main family of G-protein-coupled receptors. Expression of hACCA resulted in a dramatic stimulation of adenylate cyclase, similar in amplitude to that obtained with other Gs-coupled receptors fully activated by their respective ligands. This stimulation was obtained in a large variety of stable cell lines derived from various organs, and originating from different mammalian species. hACCA was found to be the human homologue of a recently reported mouse orphan receptor (GPCR21). The mouse ACCA (mACCA) was therefore recloned by PCR, and expression of mACCA in Cos-7 cells demonstrated that the mouse receptor behaved similarly as a constitutive activator of adenylate cyclase. It is not known presently whether the stimulation of adenylate cyclase is the result of a true constitutive activity of the receptor or, alternatively, is the consequence of a permanent stimulation by a ubiquitous ligand. The tissue distribution of mACCA was determined by RNase protection assay. Abundant transcripts were found in the brain, whereas lower amounts were detected in testis, ovary and eye. Various hypotheses concerning the constitutive activity of ACCA and their potential biological significance are discussed.
Rapid hydrocarbon-type analysis of gasoline by dual column gas chromatography (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid hydrocarbon-type analysis of gasoline by dual column gas chromatographyRobert Eugene. Robinson, R. H. Coe, and M. J. O'NealCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 4, 591–594Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60299a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60299a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions (AMCRs): The New Frontier (2005)

Asymmetric multicomponent reactions involve the preparation of chiral compounds by the reaction of three or more reagents added simultaneously. This kind of addition and reaction has some advantages over classic divergent reaction strategies, such as lower costs, time, and energy, as well as environmentally friendlier aspects. All these advantages, together with the high level of stereoselectivity attained in some of these reactions, will force chemists in industry as in academia to adopt this new strategy of synthesis, or at least to consider it as a viable option. The positive aspects as well as the drawbacks of this strategy are discussed in this Review.
Iterative reconstruction of a region of interest for transmission tomography (2006)

Images reconstructed for transmission tomography with iterative Ordered Subsets Maximum Likelihood (OSML) algorithms have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than images reconstructed with filtered back-projection type algorithms. However, a drawback of OSML reconstruction is the requirement that a field-of-view (FOV) has to be reconstructed that covers the whole volume, which contributed to the absorption. In the case of a high resolution reconstruction, this demands a huge number of voxels. This paper presents a solution, how an iterative OSML reconstruction can be limited to a region of interest without loosing the advantages of a OSML reconstruction. Compared with a full FOV OSML reconstruction, the reconstruction speed mainly increases by the number of voxels, which are saved. In addition, less iterations are needed to achieve the same result.
Antinociceptive Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) through Long Fatty Acid Receptor G Protein-coupled Receptor 40 (GPR40) (2014)

Fatty acids, one class of essential nutrients for humans, are an important source of energy and an essential component of cell membranes. They also function as signal transduction molecules in a variety of biological phenomena. The important functional role of fatty acids in both onset and suppression of pain has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Recently, we have also demonstrated that the release of an endogenous opioid peptide, β-endorphin, plays an important role in the induction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced antinociception. It is well known that fatty acids affect intracellular and intercellular signaling as well as the membrane fluidity of neurons. In addition to intracellular actions, unbound free fatty acids (FFAs) can also carry out extracellular signaling by stimulating the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Among these receptors, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) has been reported to be activated by long-chain fatty acids such as DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid. In the peripheral area, GPR40 is preferentially expressed in pancreatic β-cells and is known to relate to the secretion of hormone and peptides. On the other hand, even though this receptor is widely distributed in the central nervous system, reports studying the role and functions of GPR40 in the brain have not been found. In this review, we summarize the findings of our recent study about the long-chain fatty acid receptor GPR40 as a novel pain regulatory system.
The Irreplaceable Financial Free Hub -- Hong Kong (2020)

Hong Kong's financial free hut ranking dropped from Top 3 to Top 6 in the world due to the anti-amendment incident in the second half of 2019 and the COVID-19 epidemic in the first half of 2020. With the enactment of the National Security Law, many people around the world have raised doubts that Hong Kong has been marginalized by China's central government. This article will further analyze the impact of Hong Kong’s situation in China from the perspective of China's mainland cities, including Hainan free trade zone, that is Hong Kong is the irreplaceable financial free hub. Meanwhile, Mundellian Trilemma theory will be used in analyzing the influence of exchange rate on Hong Kong and Mainland China.
Abstract 2750: Bioluminescent bioassays for the discovery and development of molecular and cellular T-cell redirecting cancer therapy (2022)

Abstract Redirected T cell therapies represent a new paradigm for cancer treatment. Two main approaches for T-cell-based therapies involve molecular T cell redirection by CD3 bispecific molecules such as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTE) and cellular T cell redirection by genetic modification of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or transgenic T cell receptors (TCR). BiTEs redirect the cytotoxic activity of endogenous polyclonal T cells by simultaneously engaging CD3 on T cells and tumor antigens on target cells. Hitherto, BiTE potency studies have relied on primary cells, which measure target cell killing through redirected T cell cytotoxicity (RTCC) or cytokine release. However, these primary cell-based assays suffer from high donor-to-donor variability, as well as lengthy and hard to implement protocols. We have recently developed a new NanoBiT-based assay platform-based RTCC assay and cytokine immunoassays that are simple, sensitive and can quantitatively measure the potency of CD3 bispecific antibodies or BiTEs and similar biologics that induce T Cell-dependent target cell killing and cytokine production. In this assay, preactivated, Thaw-and-Use cytotoxic T cells and target cells stably expressing HaloTag-HiBiT are co-incubated with a BiTE, which results in lysis of the target cells and release of HiBiT proteins. These HiBiT proteins then bind to LgBiT in the detection reagent and form functional NanoLuc Luciferase to generate luminescence. The assay is homogenous, highly sensitive, and has a robust assay window. Furthermore, BiTE-induced cytokine production (e.g IL-2 and IFN gamma) from the activated cytotoxic T cells can be quantitatively measured in the homogenous NanoBiT Immunoassays. Use of CAR-T has demonstrated promising results in treating leukemia, while the development of TCR-engineered T cells that can recognize intracellular tumor antigens, is still in early stages. To facilitate the screening and characterization of new transgenic TCRs, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to develop two TCRab-null reporter T cell lines, which are CD4+ or CD8+. Reintroduction of peptide-specific TCR a and b chains into TCRab-null reporter T cell lines results in peptide-dependent TCR activation and luciferase reporter expression. The select expression of CD4 or CD8 in the TCRab-null reporter T cell lines can enable the development of transgenic TCRs for both MHCI- and MHCII-restricted tumor antigen targets. Together, these bioluminescent bioassays represent a new set of tools for the discovery and development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Citation Format: Julia Gilden, Jamison Grailer, Michael Slater, Pete Stecha, Jim Hartnett, Dan Lazar, Gopal Krishnan, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhijie Jey Cheng. Bioluminescent bioassays for the discovery and development of molecular and cellular T-cell redirecting cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2750.
Hardware Fault Tolerance for Binary RRAM Crossbars (2019)

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM)-based computing systems (RCS) are being advocated for neural network acceleration. The memristor is the unit cell of an RCS and it is susceptible to process variations and manufacturing defects. Therefore, it is essential to tolerate faulty memristors to ensure intended system operation. We present the architecture of a novel processing element to tolerate both stuck-at and undefined-state faults in binary RRAM cells. We also describe a 4T1R reconfigurable cell-based crossbar design with an ancillary 3T mesh to provide 100% hardware fault tolerance for random and clustered fault distributions for up to 50% fault density. The proposed 4T1R cell is 2.04× smaller than the state-of-the-art neuromorphic SRAM cell. Evaluation results for binary pattern-matching and digit recognition applications demonstrate the effectiveness of our fault tolerance methodology.
Patch based reconstruction of undersampled data (PROUD) for high signal-to-noise ratio and high frame rate contrast enhanced liver imaging (2014)

The results presented in this work demonstrate the feasibility of using a combination of patch based image constraints with temporal regularization to provide high SNR, high temporal frame rate and spatial resolution four dimensional imaging.
Exploring the Critical Coronal Transition Region: The Key to Uncovering the Genesis of the Solar Wind and Solar Eruptions (2020)

All current understanding (theoretical and observational) suggests that the development of the solar wind and CMEs takes place within 10 Rs, particularly below 4 Rs. This seemingly narrow spatial region encompasses the transition of coronal plasma processes through the entire range of physical regimes from fluid to kinetic, and from primarily closed magnetic field structures to primarily open. For these reasons, we refer to it as the Critical Coronal Transition Region (CCTR). Its comprehensive exploration will answer two of the most central Heliophysics questions with repercussions across NASA and society. Here, we outline a path to answer these questions in the next 30 years.
Silent Native-valve Endocarditis Caused by <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> (2018)

We describe a rare case of Propionibacterium acnes native-valve endocarditis that silently progressed in a 67-year-old man with hybrid dialysis. The patient was scheduled for kidney transplantation, and pre-operative investigation incidentally detected a vegetative structure at his native mitral valve that had increased in size. He underwent cardiac surgery and P. acnes was detected in cultures of a resected cardiac valve specimen and blood. This case highlights that P. acnes can silently cause infective endocarditis in a native-valve, and that physicians should consider the possibility of infection when P. acnes is isolated in blood cultures.
Ordering of oxide precipitates in oxygen implanted silicon (1986)

An order network of oxide precipitates has been found in the monocrystalline superficial silicon layer of a silicon-on-insulator structure obtained by high-dose oxygen implantation. The network consists of oxide precipitates 2 nm in size spaced about 5 nm apart. Electron diffraction patterns indicate that ordering occurs both parallel and perpendicular to the surface along the 〈100〉 directions of the silicon lattice. The precipitate network has a cubic symmetry.
Ileal and colonic epithelial metabolism in quiescent ulcerative colitis: increased glutamine metabolism in distal colon but no defect in butyrate metabolism. (1993)

Previous studies have shown that butyrate is an important energy source for the distal colon, and that its metabolism may be defective in ulcerative colitis (UC). A similar metabolic defect in the ileum might account for the occurrence of 'pouchitis' in UC patients after colectomy. A method has been developed that allows the measurement of metabolism in ileocolonoscopic biopsy specimens, and this has been used to assess butyrate and glutamine metabolism in quiescent UC and controls. Preliminary experiments showed optimal metabolism of butyrate at 1 mmol/l. In controls glutamine metabolism was greater in the ascending (mean (SD)) (4.9 (3.2) nmol/h/micrograms protein) than in the descending colon (1.4 0.7)) (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test), but butyrate metabolism was similar in the two regions (ascending 62.6 (44.2), descending 51.5 (32.0)). Consequently ratios of butyrate/glutamine metabolism were higher in the descending colon (20.6 (14.3)) than in the ascending colon (14.3 (9.6)) (p < 0.05). In UC, rates of butyrate metabolism were similar in the ascending (92.5 (58.3) nmol/h/micrograms protein) and descending (93.3 (115)) colon, and these were not significantly different from controls. In UC, glutamine metabolism was similar in the ascending (6.2 (7.7) nmol/h/micrograms protein) and descending colon (7.8 (7.9)); the metabolism in the descending colon was significantly greater than in controls (p < 0.01). Butyrate (135 (56) nmol/h/microgram protein) and glutamine (24.1 (16.2)) metabolism in the ileum in UC, were not significantly different from control values (butyrate 111 (57), glutamine 15.5 (15.6)). These results confirm that there is regional variation of nutrient utilisation throughout the colon, but they do not support the hypothesis that UC is caused by a deficiency of butyrate metabolism.