gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Form Display with Shape Memory Alloy (2003)

We propose a new display for presenting 3D forms using a pin-rod matrix. Due to a long range of movement, it is capable of displaying large-scale, dense objects such as human faces or geographical features. In this work, we use a coil-form Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as a pinrod actuator. The prototype has a 4×4 pin-rod matrix, with a 120[mm] range of motion (which is longer than previous works), a 12[mm] pin interval and a 1[mm] interval for height accuracy. The pin-rod matrix conveys visual depth information and is designed to be touchable, so our goal is to develop a display that appeals to both the eyes and hands.
FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrophotometry for thin film monitors: Computer and equipment integration for enhanced capabilities (1990)

Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) is a valuable technique for monitoring thin films used in semiconductor device manufacture. Determinations of the constituent contents in borophosphosilicate (BPSG), phosphosilicate (PSG), silicon oxynitride (SiON:H,OH), and spin-on-glass (SOG) thin films are a few applications. Due to the nature of the technique, FTIR instrumentation is one of the most extensively computer-dependent pieces of equipment that is likely to be found in a microelectronics plant. In the role of fab monitor or reactor characterization tool, FTIR instruments can rapidly generate large amounts of data. By linking a local FTIR data station to a remote minicomputer its capabilities are greatly improved. We discuss three caused of enhancement. First, the FTIR in the fab area communicates and interacts in real time with the minicomputer: transferring data segments to it, instructing it to perform sophisticated processing, and returning the result to the operator in the fab. Characterizations of PSG thin films by this approach are discussed. Second, the spectra of large numbers of samples are processed locally. The large database is then transmitted to the minicomputer for study by statistical/graphics software. Results of CVD-reactor spatial profiling experiments for plasma SiON are presented. Third, processing of calibration spectra is performed on the minicomputer to optimize the accuracy and precision of a Partial Least Squares'' analysis mode. This model is then transferred to the data station in the fab. The analysis of BPSG thin films is discussed in this regard. The prospects for fully automated at-line monitoring and for real-time, in-situ monitoring will be discussed. 10 refs., 4 figs.
The outer membrane permeability-increasing action of deacylpolymyxins. (1991)

The outer membrane permeability-increasing action of deacylpolymyxins was compared to the well-known potent action of polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN). Deacylpolymyxin B (DAPB), prepared by treating polymyxin B with polymyxin acylase, was found to be a slightly more effective permeabilizer than PMBN. As low a DAPB concentration as 1 microgram/ml sensitized Escherichia coli to the probe antibiotics (rifampin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, clindamycin, novobiocin) by factors 30-100 and Salmonella typhimurium by factors 10-100. A higher concentration (3 micrograms/ml) of DAPB elicited further sensitization. Also deacylcolistin (DAC) was found to be an effective permeabilizer.
ChemInform Abstract: Lariat Ether Carboxylic Acids, O‐Benzylhydroxamates and Hydroxamic Acids with Fluorinated Substituents: Synthesis, Metal Ion Complexation and Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thrombin Inhibitors Based on Ketone Derivatives of Arginine and Lysine (1995)

Much attention is currently focused on inhibitors of thrombin as potential anticoagulants. We have previously reported thrombin inhibitors based on fragments of fibrinogen containing a ketomethylene isostere at P1-P'1. We now expand on these early findings by reporting on tripeptide based inhibitors of thrombin containing arginine or lysine ketones at the C-terminus. A large variety of such ketones have been studied and compared in their ability to increase the thrombin time in human plasma. In the case of arginine or lysine ketones the order of activity (i.e. decreasing IC50 TT) was: alkyl ketones < beta-ketoesters < difluoro beta-ketoamides < alkyloxymethyl ketones < fluoroketones. Lysine analogues were generally found to be ca. ten-fold less active than their arginine counterparts. However, in the case of alpha-ketoesters the lysine derivatives were superior to all the types of arginine ketones studied (including the arginine alpha-keto ester derived thrombin inhibitor). A mechanistic explanation of the relative inactivity of the arginine alpha-keto ester derivative is proposed. All the highly electrophilic ketones were found to be slow-binding with thrombin.
Metabolic adaptations underlie epigenetic vulnerabilities in chemoresistant breast cancer (2018)

SUMMARY Cancer cell survival upon cytotoxic drug exposure leads to changes in cell identity, dictated by the epigenome. Several metabolites serve as substrates or co-factors to chromatin-modifying enzymes, suggesting that metabolic changes can underlie change in cell fate. Here, we show that progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to taxane-resistance is characterized by altered methionine metabolism and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) availability, giving rise to DNA hypomethylation in regions enriched for transposable elements (TE). Compensatory redistribution of H3K27me3 forming Large Organized Chromatin domains of lysine (K) modification (LOCK) prevents expression of TE in taxane-resistant cells. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2, the H3K27me3 methyltransferase, alleviates TE repression, leading to the accumulation of dsRNA and activation of the interferon viral mimicry-response, specifically inhibiting the growth of taxane-resistant TNBC. Together, our work delineates a role for metabolic adaptations in redefining the epigenome of taxane-resistant TNBC cells and underlies an epigenetic vulnerability toward pharmacological inhibition of EZH2.
Candida glabrata Metallothioneins (1989)

Southern blot analysis has identified several metallothionein gene sequences in a human pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. Two of these genes encoding proteins designated MT-I and MT-II have been cloned and sequenced. No introns were found in either of the genes. The complete primary structure of MT-II was also determined by protein sequencing methods. As isolated, MT-I and MT-II consist of 62 and 51 amino acids, respectively. The only residues predicted from the nucleotide sequence but not present in the isolated protein are the amino-terminal methionines in each sequence. MT-I contains 18 cysteines, 14 of which are present as Cys-X-Cys motifs and two additional cysteines in a Cys-X-X-Cys sequence. The sequence of MT-II contains 16 cysteinyl residues, 14 of which are in Cys-X-Cys sequences. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicates the presence of Cu(I)-thiolate bonds in both proteins. The binding stoichiometries are 11-12 for MT-I and 10 for MT-II. Under certain nutritional conditions, a truncated form of MT-II was also produced. Northern analysis of the total cellular RNA from copper-treated cells showed that both MT-I and MT-II genes are regulated by this metal ion in a concentration-dependent fashion. The concentrations of MT-II mRNA appeared to be higher than that of MT-I mRNA at all concentrations of copper sulfate tested. Both genes are inducible by silver but not by cadmium salts. Cadmium ions, however, are effective in reducing the control levels of both MT-I and MT-II mRNAs.
Mining database structure; or, how to build a data quality browser (2002)

Data mining research typically assumes that the data to be analyzed has been identified, gathered, cleaned, and processed into a convenient form. While data mining tools greatly enhance the ability of the analyst to make data-driven discoveries, most of the time spent in performing an analysis is spent in data identification, gathering, cleaning and processing the data. Similarly, schema mapping tools have been developed to help automate the task of using legacy or federated data sources for a new purpose, but assume that the structure of the data sources is well understood. However the data sets to be federated may come from dozens of databases containing thousands of tables and tens of thousands of fields, with little reliable documentation about primary keys or foreign keys.We are developing a system, Bellman, which performs data mining on the structure of the database. In this paper, we present techniques for quickly identifying which fields have similar values, identifying join paths, estimating join directions and sizes, and identifying structures in the database. The results of the database structure mining allow the analyst to make sense of the database content. This information can be used to e.g., prepare data for data mining, find foreign key joins for schema mapping, or identify steps to be taken to prevent the database from collapsing under the weight of its complexity.
Solving Inaccuracies in Anatomical Models for Electrocardiographic Inverse Problem Resolution by Maximizing Reconstruction Quality (2017)

Electrocardiographic Imaging has become an increasingly used technique for non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias, although the need for medical imaging technology to determine the anatomy hinders its introduction in the clinical practice. This paper explores the ability of a new metric based on the inverse reconstruction quality for the location and orientation of the atrial surface inside the torso. Body surface electrical signals from 31 realistic mathematical models and four AF patients were used to estimate the optimal position of the atria inside the torso. The curvature of the L-curve from the Tikhonov method, which was found to be related to the inverse reconstruction quality, was measured after application of deviations in atrial position and orientation. Independent deviations in the atrial position were solved by finding the maximal L-curve curvature with an error of 1.7 ± 2.4 mm in mathematical models and 9.1 ± 11.5 mm in patients. For the case of independent angular deviations, the error in location by using the L-curve was 5.8±7.1° in mathematical models and 12.4° ± 13.2° in patients. The ability of the L-curve curvature was tested also under superimposed uncertainties in the three axis of translation and in the three axis of rotation, and the error in location was of 2.3 ± 3.2 mm and 6.4° ± 7.1° in mathematical models, and 7.9±10.7 mm and 12.1°±15.5° in patients. The curvature of L-curve is a useful marker for the atrial position and would allow emending the inaccuracies in its location.
Kartierung von umhüllungsrelevanten Aminosäureresten auf dem Hepatitis B Virus Kapsid (2004)

During morphogenesis of the hepatitits B virus (HBV) the cytosolic build nucleocapsid containing the viral genome interacts with transmembrane viral surface proteins to get enveloped into the ER lumen and secreted out of an infected liver cell. Therefore a direct interaction between the capsid and surface proteins are predicted. The crystal structure of recombinant HBV capsids has recently been published. To mapped sites on the capsid surface important for envelopment by viral surface proteins 52 single amino acids were mutated to alanine residues. The phenotype of the mutations with respect to virion formation was tested by transcomplementation of a core-negative HBV genome in transiently transfected liver cells, immunoprecipitation of capsids and virions and radioactive labeling of the viral genome by the endogenous polymerase reactions (epr). 13 point mutations impeded nucleocapsid detection by epr, 28 were wild type (wt) and 11 mutations allowed nucleocapsid formation but blocked their envelopment and virion formation to undetectable levels. These mutations cluster in two small areas on the capsid surface. These areas are proposed to interact with envelope proteins during virion morphogenesis.Cell lines susceptible to HBV infection are still not available and functional HBV receptors has not yet been identified. However, transfection of the viral genome in human liver cell lines allows the formation of infectious virus indicating that the early steps in the viral life cycle are blocked. It is hypothesized that the block might be due to the lack of a viral receptor and might be overcome by expression of an artificial receptor for binding and uptake of virions. To generate such an receptor the cDNA for the heavy and light chains of the monoclonal anti-preS1 antibody MA18/7 binding to the large HBV envelope protein was cloned from mouse hybridoma cells via RT-PCR. The 3`-end of the heavy chain was fused to a transmembrane domain of IgD. It could be shown that both chains were stably expressed in hepatoma cells, that they were located at the cell membrane and directed to the outside of the cell. Incubation of MA18/7 transfected cells with HBV virions showed a specific binding of virions to the cells but no infection could be observed.
Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Recycling: Role of Receptor Dephosphorylation and β-Arrestin (2002)

The recovery of PTH receptor (PTHR) function after acute homologous receptor desensitization and down-regulation in bone and kidney cells has been attributed to receptor recycling. To determine the role of receptor dephosphorylation in PTHR recycling, we performed morphological and functional assays on human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing wild-type (wt) or mutant PTHRs. Confocal microscopy and ligand binding assays revealed that the wt PTHR is rapidly recycled back to the plasma membrane after removal of the agonist. Receptors that were engineered to either lack the sites of phosphorylation or to resemble constitutively phosphorylated receptors were able to recycle back to the plasma membrane with the same kinetics as the wt PTHR. The PTHR was found to be dephosphorylated by an enzyme apparently distinct from protein phosphatases 1 or 2A. The PTHR and beta-arrestin-2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) were found to stably colocalize during PTHR internalization, whereas after agonist removal and during receptor recycling, the colocalization slowly disappeared. Experiments using phosphorylation-deficient PTHRs and a dominant-negative form of beta-arrestin showed that beta-arrestin does not regulate the efficiency of PTHR recycling. These studies indicate that, unlike many G protein-coupled receptors, PTHR recycling does not require receptor dephosphorylation or its dissociation from beta-arrestin.
IE4-class 2.2-kW Induction Motor Design and Performance Evaluation (2021)

In this study, a 2.2 kW super-premium (IE4) class 4-pole three-phase induction motor was designed and developed. We compared this prototype motor with the industrial induction motors sold by leading international companies. We designed and fabricated a stator, an Al rotor, housing, bearing front and rear covers made of Al 6061, a shaft, and a cooling fan. The cooling fan produced with 3D printing technology was assembled on the unload shaft. Following motor assembly, its mechanical performance, such as noise, vibration, wind speed, and efficiency, was analyzed. Compared with the considered international-standard motors, our proposed motor showed superior performance in terms of noise, vibration, and efficiency but not in terms of air gap and wind speed.
Theta activity paradoxically boosts gamma and ripple frequency sensitivity in prefrontal interneurons (2021)

Fast oscillations in cortical circuits critically depend on GABAergic interneurons. Which interneuron types and populations can drive different cortical rhythms, however, remains unresolved and may depend on brain state. Here, we measured the sensitivity of different GABAergic interneurons in prefrontal cortex under conditions mimicking distinct brain states. While fast-spiking neurons always exhibited a wide bandwidth of around 400 Hz, the response properties of spike-frequency adapting interneurons switched with the background input's statistics. Slowly fluctuating background activity, as typical for sleep or quiet wakefulness, dramatically boosted the neurons' sensitivity to gamma and ripple frequencies. We developed a time-resolved dynamic gain analysis and revealed rapid sensitivity modulations that enable neurons to periodically boost gamma oscillations and ripples during specific phases of ongoing low-frequency oscillations. This mechanism predicts these prefrontal interneurons to be exquisitely sensitive to high-frequency ripples, especially during brain states characterized by slow rhythms, and to contribute substantially to theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling.
NESK, a Member of the Germinal Center Kinase Family That Activates the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway and Is Expressed during the Late Stages of Embryogenesis (2000)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular responses stimulated by stress-inducing agents and proinflammatory cytokines. The group I germinal center kinase family members selectively activate the JNK pathway. In this study, we have isolated a mouse cDNA encoding a protein kinase homologous to Nck-interacting kinase (NIK), a member of the group I germinal center kinase family. This protein kinase is expressed during the late stages of embryogenesis, but not in adult tissues, and thus named NESK (NIK-like embryo-specific kinase). NESK selectively activated the JNK pathway when overexpressed in HEK 293 cells but did not stimulate the p38 kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. NESK-induced JNK activation was inhibited by the dominant negative mutants of MEKK1 and MKK4. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) stimulated the NESK activity. Furthermore, the dominant negative NESK mutant inhibited the JNK activation induced by TNF-alpha or TRAF2. These results suggest that NESK, a novel activator of the JNK pathway, functions in coupling TRAF2 to the MEKK1 --> MKK4 --> JNK kinase cascade during the late stages of mammalian embryogenesis.
Supplementary Tables 1-15 from Frequent ESR1 and CDK Pathway Copy-Number Alterations in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Clinicopathological characteristics and sample distribution by site Table S2. Primers/probes design for ddPCR (ESR1, EIF2C, AP3P1) Table S3. Raw nanoString counts Table S4. Normalized copy number calls (ER+ samples) Table S5. Normalized copy number calls (ER- samples) Table S6. DdPCR analysis of cell lines Table S7. NanoString raw counts (cell lines) Table S8. NanoString copy number calls (cell lines) Table S9. Nanostring log2 normalized counts (cell lines) Table S10. ESR1 CN amplifications by site in ER- samples Table S11. Multiple Fisher exact comparisons Table S12. ESR1 5`-3` copy number imbalance Table S13. Correlation matrix of ESR1 copy number calls by the different exons and mRNA expression Table S14. Normalized copy number calls for other genes (ER+ samples) Table S15. Normalized copy number calls other genes (ER- samples)&lt;/p&gt;
Crude extracts of Euchresta formosana radix induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep3B). (2007)

In this study, the effects of 95% ethanol extracts of Euchresta formosana radix (EFR) on the cell cycle and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cells were investigated. The results indicated that EFR decreased DNA synthesis and viable Hep3B cell numbers in a concentration-dependent manner. EFR induced a p21- and p27-dependent cell cycle arrest in S-phase and apoptosis of the Hep3B cells. The induction of apoptosis by EFR treatment was also confirmed by DAPI staining. EFR inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1 and -2 expression and decreased cyclin B1 and E levels, resulting in S-phase arrest. EFR induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production followed by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that was based on the increase of GADD153 and GRP78 which led to the release of Ca2+ in the Hep3B cells. The EFR-promoted apoptosis was associated with increasing activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9 and enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and increased expression of p21(CIP1/WAF1), p27(KIP1), Bax and Bad. Furthermore, the levels of Bcl-xl decreased after EFR treatment. Alteration of these key anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins could contribute to the increase in p53-independent apoptosis that was observed in the Hep3B cells.
QBASIC An Introduction to Programming (1996)

This text uses data files to teach input and output file processing. Beginning with chapter two, students learn to create a sequential file for output, and in subsequent chapters, students learn to use sequential files for input and output. A chapter on Visual Basic can serve as a primer for a text in Visual Basic. Packaged with a student diskette that includes the sample program for each chapter, and data files for sample programs and student assignments. End-of-chapter step-by-step procedures are included for entering the QBasic program, and using QBasic Debug menu.
Fault Diagnosis on an Aircraft Engine Model Equipped With Self-Sensing Piezoelectric Actuators (2016)

Piezoelectric actuators provide an active solution for vibration control in aircraft engines compared to the state-of-the-art squeeze film dampers. The property of piezoelectric materials enable them to be used as sensors and actuators simultaneously. This self-sensing property of the actuator is analyzed in this paper for its ability to detect unbalance faults, which are common in rotor systems. In this paper two different actuator configurations are studied for its ability to diagnose unbalance faults in an aircraft engine. Three parameters of unbalances such as its magnitude, its position in the circumferential and axial direction in a rotor are estimated through simulations. Finally a suitable position to achieve a better fault diagnosis is identified.
Excision of flap tears. (1982)

SUMMARY The arthroscopic excision of flap tears of the meniscus requires an understanding of the development and structure of these tears, a knowledge of the various portals and approaches needed to gain access to them, and a good assortment of instruments.
Competitive interactions of sodium and calcium with the sodium-calcium exchange system of cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. (1983)

The initial velocity of Ca2+ uptake via the Na-Ca exchange system in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles is competitively inhibited by extravesicular Na+. The Hill plots for multisite competitive inhibition are nonlinear, exhibiting a limiting slope of 1 at low Na+ concentrations (less than 20 mM) and 1.6-2.0 at higher concentrations. The Ki for Na+ is approximately 16 mM. Thus, the Ca2+ binding site of the Na-Ca exchange carrier interacts with either 1 or 2 Na+ ions and the binding of a single Na+ is sufficient to block Ca2+ binding. These results, in conjunction with the observation that at least 3 Na+ ions are required at the trans membrane surface to bring about Ca2+ movements by Na-Ca exchange, suggest that the exchange carrier contains two classes of cation binding sites: a divalent site which can bind either 1 Ca2+ or 1-2 Na+ ions and a second site which binds at least one additional Na+. The classical observation that cardiac contractility depends upon the [Ca2+]/[Na+]2 ratio of the extracellular medium can be readily explained in terms of the competitive interactions of Na+ and Ca2+ at the divalent site.