gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Sialic Acid Conjugates as Inhibitors of EKC-causing Adenoviruses (2008)

The combat against viral diseases has been, and still is, a major challenge in the field of drug development. Viruses are intracellular parasites that use the host cell ma-chinery for their replication and release. Therefore it is difficult to target and destroy the viral particle without disturbing the essential functions of the host cell. This thesis describes studies towards antiviral agents targeting adenovirus type 37 (Ad37), which causes the severe ocular infection epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Cell surface oligosaccharides serve as cellular receptors for many pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. For EKC-causing adenoviruses, cell surface oligo-saccharides with terminal sialic acid have recently been shown to be critical for their attachment to and infection of host cells. The work in this thesis support these re-sults and identifies the minimal binding epitope for viral recognition. As carbo-hydrate–protein interactions in general, the sialic acid–Ad37 interaction is very weak. Nature overcomes this problem and vastly improves the binding affinity by presenting the carbohydrates in a multivalent fashion. Adenoviruses interact with their cellular receptors via multiple fiber proteins, whereby it is likely that the ideal inhibitor of adenoviral infections should be multivalent. This thesis includes design and synthesis of multivalent sialic acid glycoconjugates that mimic the structure of the cellular receptor in order to inhibit adenoviral attachment to and infection of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Synthetic routes to three different classes of sialic acid conjugates, i.e. derivatives of sialic acid, 3’-sialyllactose and N-acyl modified sialic acids, and their multivalent counterparts on human serum albumine (HSA) have been developed. Evaluation of these conjugates in cell binding and cell infectivity assays revealed that they are effective as inhibitors. Moreover the results verify the hypothesis of the multivalency effect and clearly shows that the power of inhibition is significantly increased with higher orders of valency. Potential inhibi-tors could easily be transferred to the eye using a salve or eye drops, and thereby they would escape the metabolic processes of the body, a major drawback of using carbohydrates as drugs. The results herein could therefore be useful in efforts to develop an antiviral drug for treatment of EKC.
Exposure to16O-Particle Radiation Causes Aging-Like Decrements in Rats through Increased Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Loss of Autophagy (2011)

Exposing young rats to particles of high energy and charge (HZE particles), a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays, enhances indices of oxidative stress and inflammation, disrupts the functioning of neuronal communication, and alters cognitive behaviors. Even though exposure to HZE particles occurs at low fluence rates, the cumulative effects of long-term exposure result in molecular changes similar to those seen in aged animals. In the present study, we assessed markers of autophagy, a dynamic process for intracellular degradation and recycling of toxic proteins and organelles, as well as stress and inflammatory responses, in the brains of Sprague-Dawley rats irradiated at 2 months of age with 5 and 50 cGy and 1 Gy of ionizing oxygen particles ((16)O) (1000 MeV/n). Compared to nonirradiated controls, exposure to (16)O particles significantly inhibited autophagy function in the hippocampus as measured by accumulation of ubiquitin inclusion bodies such as P62/SQSTM1, autophagosome marker microtubule-associated protein 1 beta light chain 3 (MAP1B-LC3), beclin1 and proteins such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The molecular changes measured at short (36 h) and long (75 days) intervals after (16)O-particle exposure indicate that the loss of autophagy function occurred shortly after exposure but was recovered via inhibition of mTOR. However, HZE-particle radiation caused significant sustained loss of protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α), a key G protein modulator involved in neuronal survival and functions of neuronal trophic factors. Exposure to (16)O particles also caused substantial increases in the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating glial cell activation 75 days after exposure. This is the first report to show the molecular effects of (16)O-particle radiation on oxidative stress, inflammation and loss of autophagy in the brain of young rats.
Mirtazapine, a Sedating Antidepressant, and Improved Driving Safety in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder (2009)

Article Abstract Objective: The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of mirtazapine, a sedating antidepressant, on driving safety in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and to observe the effect of mirtazapine on daytime alertness. Method: Twenty-eight patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for MDD completed the study in a university teaching hospital. Half of these patients took mirtazapine 30 mg at bedtime for 30 days. A computerized driving simulator test (DST) and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) were conducted at baseline and on days 2, 9, 16, and 30 after commencement of antidepressant use. Fourteen untreated depressed patients performed a DST and MWT at baseline and on days 2 and 9 to evaluate the possibility of a learning effect. Data collection was from June 2005 through January 2006. Results: There were significant linear effects of the treatment on road position at All Trials (p =.018) and on the morning sessions at 10:00 a.m. (p Conclusion: A sedating antidepressant can increase driving safety in MDD patients. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00385437
Wir bekommen grosse kulturelle Veränderungen (2016)

Erste digital geplante und entwickelte Bauten stehen bereits, weitere kommen laufend dazu. Building Information Modelling (BIM) breitet sich immer mehr aus. Die Interessengemeinschaft «Bauen digital Schweiz» macht energisch vorwärts. Geschäftsführer Peter Scherer erklärt, worum es geht.
Why is it so difficult to enroll patients in clinical trials? (2014)

6552 Background: Nationwide, approximately 3% of patients participate in therapeutic clinical trials. It is presumed that patient education and navigation will increase enrollment. For these interventions to work, a clear understanding of the reasons patients do not enroll is needed. Employing our enrollment framework (Kanarek et al, 2012), we set out to define, at one comprehensive cancer center, the reasons new cancer patients fail to enroll onto clinical trials. Methods: Medical Oncology records from a consecutive series of new breast, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), pancreas and prostate cancer patients were abstracted. Abstraction was based on seven framework sequential steps: 1) trial availability, 2) trial eligibility, 3) physician triage 4) physician-patient discussion, 5) patient’s interest, 6) consent, and 7) enrollment. Each step depends on the prior step (e.g. if there were no trial available then eligibility for a trial could not be considered). Reasons noted for failing any step were summarized. Results: Between 2012 and 2013, records from 688 patients were reviewed. Clinical trial enrollment varied: 5% NSCLC, 12% pancreas and prostate, and 17% breast. The 4 most common reasons for non-enrollment were: no trial available or patient did not meet eligibility (36-55%); standard treatment was recommended or preferred (6-23%); distance from the cancer center (1-22%); and lost to clinical follow-up or patient chose to receive care elsewhere (5-14%). Combined, these 4 reasons eliminate 64% of breast, 83% of pancreas, 84% of prostate and 89% of NSCLC patients from trial participation. About half of the remaining patients enrolled onto clinical trials. Conclusions: Our study suggests that these 4 common reasons for clinical trial non-participation may need to be addressed to increase clinical trial percentages. Patient distribution n(%). n No available trial w/eligibility Distance Sth tx recomm./ preferred Lost to follow up/ care elsewhere Total not available (4 reasons) Remaining available Enrolled on to clinical trials Breast 293 106 (36) 13 (4) 39 (13) 29 (10) 187 (64) 106 (36) 50 (17) Lung 154 78 (51) 2 (1) 36 (23) 21 (14) 137 (89) 17 (11) 8 (5) Pancreas 147 81 (55) 24 (16) 9 (6) 8 (5) 122 (83) 25 (17) 17 (12) Prostate 94 43 (46) 21 (22) 9 (10) 6 (6) 79 (84) 15 (16) 11 (12)
Fused Tricyclic Hydronaphthofurans through Rhodium-Catalyzed Desymmetrization (2020)

Key words rhodium catalysis - desymmetrization - asymmetric catalysis - cycloaddition
Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Infection in Western Cameroon (2003)

Rotavirus is the major viral cause of diarrhoea in children worldwide. In this study, the first from Cameroon, the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection was investigated. Eight hundred and ninety diarrhoea stools collected from children under the age of 5 years in Western Cameroon between 1999 and 2000 were analysed for rotaviruses and further characterized by antigenic and genomic methods. Rotaviruses were detected in 21.9 per cent of stools and were highest during the cool dry season. Sixteen different electrophoretic patterns, 13 of long and three of short, were detected in the study area. The predominant subgroup detected was subgroup II (66.9 per cent) and atypical strains with long electropherotype, but subgroup I specificity were also observed. Rotavirus infection was shown to be an important component of diarrhoeal disease in young children in Cameroon. The results of this study in Cameroon reinforces the need to continue with surveillance programmes in Africa.
Spectrally Efficient Switched Transmit Diversity for Spectrum Sharing Systems (2011)

Under the scenario of an underlay cognitive radio network, we propose in this paper an adaptive scheme using switched transmit diversity and adaptive modulation in order to increase the spectral efficiency of the secondary link. The proposed bandwidth efficient scheme (BES) uses the scan and wait (SWC) combining technique where a transmission occurs only when a branch with an acceptable performance is found, otherwise data is buffered. In our scheme, the modulation constellation size and the used transmit branch are determined to achieve the highest spectral efficiency given the fading channel conditions, the required error rate performance, and a peak interference constraint to the primary receiver. Selected numerical examples show that the BES scheme increases the capacity of the secondary link when compared to an existing switching efficient scheme (SES). This spectral efficiency comes at the expense of an increased average number of switched branches and thus an increased average delay.
Experimental Investigation of a Three-Dimensional Turret Wake with Active Flow Control (2012)

An experimental investigation was performed on a three-dimensional, non-conformal turret with the goal of gaining a more detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal nature of the turret wake. The turret flow field was investigated using particle image velocimetry and dynamic surface pressure measurements, both with and without active flow control. Active flow control for the current work was applied at the leading edge of the turret aperture using steady suction and was matched to a configuration used for control of aero-optic distortions. The results of these experiments give insight into the complex, three-dimensional wake that develops as a result of the turret geometry as well as the significant changes that can be achieved with the application of active flow control, even when applied only to the aperture region of the cap geometry.
Metabolic Profiling of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Comparison with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome and Systemic Sclerosis (2016)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which can affect most organ systems including skin, joints and the kidney. Clinically, SLE is a heterogeneous disease and shares features of several other rheumatic diseases, in particular primary Sjögrens syndrome (pSS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), why it is difficult to diagnose The pathogenesis of SLE is not completely understood, partly due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used as a tool for improved diagnosis of SLE compared to other similar autoimmune diseases. We observed differences in metabolic profiles with a classification specificity above 67% in the comparison of SLE with pSS, SSc and a matched group of healthy individuals. Selected metabolites were also significantly different between studied diseases. Biochemical pathway analysis was conducted to gain understanding of underlying pathways involved in the SLE pathogenesis. We found an increased oxidative activity in SLE, supported by increased xanthine oxidase activity and an increased turnover in the urea cycle. The most discriminatory metabolite observed was tryptophan, with decreased levels in SLE patients compared to control groups. Changes of tryptophan levels were related to changes in the activity of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and/or to activation of the kynurenine pathway.
Doing Experimental Research on Collaboration Technology (1999)

The goal of this tutorial is to present a succinct, focused discussion of the best approaches to the conception, design, execution, and write-up of experimental research on collaboration technology. Our goal is to help researchers establish a program of experimental research that will be publishable in leading MIS, management, and psychology journals.
OBSERVATION OF PHASE OBJECTS BY OPTICALLY PROCESSED HILBERT TRANSFORM (1967)

A method for observing phase objects, based on the Hilbert transform is defined. This is achieved by spatial filtering. The amplitude images obtained are characterized by their high luminosity. The objects are correctly imaged, even if the phase varies slowly (low frequency objects), which is not the case with conventional methods such as the phase contrast and central dark ground methods. The method also permits easy measurement of geometrical aberrations, for the Hilbert transforms of aberrant wavefronts are more easily interpreted than with the Foucault method.
Identification of activators for the M2 isoform of human pyruvate kinase (2010)

The expression of human pyruvate kinase M2 (hPK-M2) in cancer cells appears to be critical for tumor cell growth and proliferation in vivo. Because the PK-M2 isoform is expressed in all cancer cells studied, it represents a target for drug development that could potentially enable tumor cells to return to a normal state of metabolism. If this novel strategy for targeting malignancy were successful, it would be applicable to diverse types of cancer. The probes ML083 (CID-650361) and ML082 (CID-654376) are members of a series of highly specific allosteric activators for the tumor-specific isoform of human pyruvate kinase (M2 isoform). Both probes affect the cooperativity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) binding with little effect on adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding in a manner similar to FBP.
Phase-Aware Joint Beat and Downbeat Estimation Based on Periodicity of Metrical Structure (2021)

This paper describes a phase-aware joint beat and downbeat estimation method mainly intended for popular music with a periodic metrical structure and steady tempo. The conventional approach to beat estimation is to train a deep neural network (DNN) that estimates the beat presence probability at each frame. This approach, however, relies heavily on a periodicity-aware post-processing step that detects beat times from the noisy probability sequence. To mitigate this problem, we have designed a DNN that estimates the beat phase at each frame whose period is equal to the beat interval. The estimation losses computed at all frames not limited to a fewer number of beat frames can thus be effectively used for backpropagation-based supervised training, whereas a DNN has conventionally been trained such that it constantly outputs zero at all non-beat frames. The same applies to downbeat estimation. We also modify the post-processing method for the estimated phase sequence. For joint beat and downbeat detection, we investigate multi-task learning architectures that output beat and downbeat phases in this order, in reverse order, and in parallel. The experimental results demonstrate the importance of phase modeling for stable beat and downbeat estimation.
Calculation of Mappings Between One and n-dimensional Values Using the Hilbert Space-filling Curve ⋆ (2009)

. This report reproduces and briefly discusses an algorithm proposed by Butz [2] for calculating a mapping between one-dimensional values and n-dimensional values regarded as being the coordinates of points lying on Hilbert Curves. It suggests some practical improvements to the algorithm and presents an algorithm for calculating the inverse of the mapping, from n-dimensional values to one-dimensional values. 1 Introduction The concept of a space-filling curve emerged in the 19-th Century and is originally attributed to Peano [5] who expressed it in mathematical terms. The first graphical, or geometrical, representation of the space-filling curve is attributed to David Hilbert [3]. He illustrates the the concept in 2 dimensions but it is applicable in any number of dimensions. Hilbert Curves pass through every point in an n-dimensional space once and once only in some particular order according to some algorithm. As such they graphically express a mapping between one-dimensional values...
Dermatology today and tomorrow: from symptom control to targeted therapy (2018)

For many decades and until recently, medical approach to dermatologic diseases has been based on the physician's ability to recognize and treat symptoms. Nowadays, advances in the understanding of the biology of diseases and in technologies for intervening against them have allowed physicians to diagnose and treat underlying disease processes rather than simply addressing the symptoms. This means that rather than addressing 'the disease in humans', physicians can now address the particular pathologic (biologic, molecular) disturbance as it presents in the individual patient, i.e., physicians now can practice something much closer to 'personalized medicine', leading to greater benefits for the patients and the health of society in general. The deeper understanding of ultraviolet radiation, the importance of photoprotection and increased knowledge about signalling pathways of melanoma and carcinoma have led to more complete care for the dermatologic patient. The current popularity for excessive exposure to the sun, without adequate application of the appropriate photoprotection remedies, is the origin of melanoma, but also for the weakening of the structure and functions of the skin. Indeed, fragility of the skin can affect humans around the world. In the senior population, this skin fragility is accompanied by pruritus, whereas atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory disease with highest prevalence in children and adolescents. Acne, the number one reason for dermatologic consultations worldwide, increases its prevalence in adolescents and in females. Senescent alopecia affects humans after menopause and andropause. The articles in this publication present an overview of the current advanced understanding of the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in 6 fields of dermatology - dermatopaediatry and gerontodermatology, oncodermatology, hair loss, atopic dermatitis, photoprotection and acne - and thereby serve as a useful compendium of updated information and references for all healthcare professionals who see patients with presentations of the symptoms of these diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligosaccharide Analogues of Polysaccharides. Part 18. Synthesis of Cyclic Hybrids of 2,2′‐Bipyridine and Acetylenosaccharides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multimedia Systems in Libraries and their Applications (1998)

Multimedia is a combination of text, graphics, animation, audio and video, converted from different formats into a uniformat digital media and hypertext is non-sequential writing or reading. Multimedia prepared in hypertext environment is called Hypermedia. This paper describes multimedia, its applications and limitations in general. The need for multimedia in libraries and its use for various applications in US and Europe such as multimedia library information kiosks, walk-through programmes, training, digital libraries, multimedia databases, multimedia catalogues, multimedia library collections, geographical information systems, electronic publishing, etc are also discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.18.6.3417
Successful treatment of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and bacteraemia with a combination of high-dose tigecycline and colistin (2010)

The spread of antimicrobial resistance among members of the Enterobacteriaceae is a significant clinical threat. We report the treatment of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia with combination tigecycline and colistin in a 49-year-old male and review available therapeutic options. Despite a poor prognosis, the patient recovered, but remains colonized with the pan-resistant isolate.
Novel Highly Conductive Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries Applications (2015)

One of the most important research topics in the field of Li-ion batteries is the substitution of the conventional liquid electrolytes by solid polymer electrolytes for increasing both safety and performances. But another approach concerning the conduction mechanisms of the Li + has to be envisaged to increase the intrinsic performance of the polymer. Recently, a new approach has been developed by Armand &amp; al [1,2]: they immobilize the anion on a block copolymer using STFSI[i] monomer for one block. But the conduction mechanism is still ensured by POE blocks. In this work we developed a novel class of anionic epoxy polymer electrolytes, with noteable properties (thermotropic liquid crystalline), involving a new mode of Li + mobility. The thermodynamic encryption given by the nature of different segment of the polymer lead to a self-organization of the polymer (columnar, lamellar, gyroid …). We propose that the anionic sites are thus organized for efficient Li-conduction by a hoping mechanism as presented in the figure below. The synthesis and electrochemical properties of this new crystalline polyelectrolyte were investigated. The preliminary results showed a RT conductivity over 0.1 mS.cm -1 . [i] 4-styrenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [1] Meziane, R; Bonnet, J.P; Courty, M; Djellab, K; Armand, M. Electrochimica Acta , 2011 , 57, 14 [2] Bouchet, R; Maria, S; Meziane, R. ; Aboulaich, A ; Lienafa, L ; Bonnet, J.P ; Phan, T. N. T. ; Bertin, D ; Gigmes, D. ; Devaux, D; Denoyel, R ; Armand, M. Nature Materials , 2013 ,12,452 Figure 1