gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demethoxycurcumin Inhibits Energy Metabolic and Oncogenic Signaling Pathways through AMPK Activation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), curcumin (Cur), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are major forms of curcuminoids found in the rhizomes of turmeric. This study examined the effects of three curcuminoid analogues on breast cancer cells. The results revealed that DMC demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effects on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Compared with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive or HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, DMC demonstrated the most efficient cytotoxic effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. However, nonmalignant MCF-10A cells were unaffected by DMC treatment. The study showed that DMC activated AMPK in TNBC cells. Once activated, AMPK inhibited eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) signaling and mRNA translation via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and decreased the activity and/or expression of lipogenic enzymes, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). DMC also targeted multiple AMPK downstream pathways. Among these, the dephosphorylation of Akt is noteworthy because it circumvents the feedback activation of Akt that results from mTOR inhibition. Moreover, DMC suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 production, thereby blocking subsequent Stat3 activation. In addition, DMC also sustained epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation by suppressing the phosphatases, PP2a and SHP-2. These results suggest that DMC is a potent AMPK activator that acts through a broad spectrum of anti-TNBC activities.
Theory of neutral and charged exciton scattering with electrons in semiconductor quantum wells (2003)

Electron scattering on both neutral (X) and charged ${(X}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ excitons in quantum wells is studied theoretically. A microscopic model is presented, taking into account both elastic and dissociating scattering. The model is based on calculating the exciton-electron direct and exchange interaction matrix elements, from which we derive the exciton scattering rates. Scattering by electrons is found to be an efficient process even for very low electron densities. In particular, the charged exciton linewidth due to electron scattering is larger than that of the neutral exciton, partially because of the larger contribution from the dissociating process. Calculated reflection spectra are then obtained by considering the three electronic excitations of the system, namely, the heavy-hole and light-hole $1S$ neutral excitons, and the heavy-hole $1S$ charged exciton, with the appropriate oscillator strengths.
Rational model of the human mechanism of color discrimination (2000)

Based on standard colorimetric data for people with normal vision and using an additional assumption about a rational construction of the color discrimination mechanism, the spectral sensitivities of human eye receptors are found, which virtually coincide with those measured experimentally.
Tissue specific expression of avian vitellogenin gene is correlated with DNA hypomethylation and in vivo specific protein-DNA interactions (1990)

The avian vitellogenin gene is expressed only in the liver of egg-laying hens. It can, however, be activated in immature chicks or roosters by oestradiol. Parallel to the onset of transcription, there is a demethylation of specific mCpGs in the promoter region and in the oestrogen response element (ERE). The methylation pattern in the promoter region is hormone and expression specific, whereas in the ERE it is only hormone and not organ specific. The demethylation occurring in the promoter region is correlated with the appearance of DNase I hypersensitivity sites and changes in the specific protein-DNA interactions. In vivo genomic footprinting of the ERE with varying concentrations of dimethylsulphate revealed, upon gene activation, only minor changes in the protein-DNA interaction. We present evidence that there is another protein that binds with high affinity to the ERE, besides the oestrogen receptor.
Concentric octagonal CMOS photodiodes for direct detection of spatially multiplexed optical fiber channels (2008)

Standard CMOS technology based array of octagonal concentric photodiodes is developed to serve as de-multiplexer for spatially multiplexed fiber optic communication channels. The unique structure of these photodiodes and their responsivity is presented.
Aggregation of energetic flexibility using zonotopes (2015)

The importance of energetic flexibility of distributed energy resources grows with the share of renewable generation in the power grid. However, the quantitative description and aggregation of flexible resources is challenging. This work proposes the use of zonotopes, a subclass of polytopes, to approximate flexibility. It is shown how optimal zonotopic approximations of flexibility can be computed efficiently for different objectives, and that the aggregation of those sets is tractable with regard to memory and computational complexity for long planning horizons and large populations of systems. In addition, we describe synergistic behavior exhibited by the aggregation of flexibility and illustrate that zonotopes can partly capture these synergy effects.
PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA and mtDNA in the genus Houttuynia in some areas of China (2006)

Plasmon diversity of 70 Houttuynia Thunb. accessions were investigated by using PCR-RFLP technology. The results not only revealed the interspecific, but also intraspecific plasmon variations within the genus Houttuynia. In total, 59 distinct organelle haplotypes were identified among 70 accessions, two in H. emeiensis and 57 in H. cordata. The average genetic similarities (GSs) values within H. emeiensis and H. cordata accessions were 0.986 and 0.950, respectively. The intraspecific GS value between H. emeiensis and H. cordata was 0.951. Two accessions of the new species H. emeiensis, W01-1 and W01-86, were very closely clustered together, but they could not be completely separated from H. cordata according to the cluster analysis. The results suggest that the classification of new species could be reconsidered. The level of genetic diversity between cultivated and wild groups in H. cordata was very low. The groups based on plasmon PCR-RFLP GS were little related with geographic distribution and chromosome number. We also discuss the phylogenetic relationship and phylogeographic information of the genus Houttuynia.
Ozone as a remediation technique for the treatment of hydrocarbons in post-industrial sites in Glasgow (2011)

The study was designed to examine the feasibility of the use of ozone as a remediation technique for the treatment of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. The site selected for study is a post-industrial site that has been identified for remediation and reuse for housing within the Glasgow region. The site is contaminated as a result of production and storage of aviation fuel with a range of hydrocarbons and derivatives including hexane, benzene, toluene and naphthalene presenting varying degrees of environmental and health risks if left untreated prior to the sites reuse. This study involves taking samples of soil from across the study site, treatment of the samples with ozone over a period of time within a purpose made reactor, and analysing the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) content and composition utilising GC/FID. The level and nature of the TPH contamination will be tracked in order to allow a degradation profile for the aromatic and aliphatic compounds within the contamination to be identified. The impact of varying lengths of soil treatment with ozone on the microbial soil population will be assessed through the monitoring of respiration as an indicator of microbial activity within the soil with the aim of understanding the effects of the use of ozone remediation for this site and the impact it will have on the microbial population which potentially have a role to play in the sites remediation. The resulting data will be used to confirm the viability of ozone as a remediation technique for the site and from this conclusion a calculation for the optimum length of treatment for the site while considering the impact on the natural soil microbial population, depending upon hydrocarbon combination, will be determined. The study will also assess the viability of gravimetric techniques in general as a means of providing a low-cost method for assessing the effectiveness of ozone remediation and its potential for use within a non-laboratory based environment. Updated results will be available for the conference.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of (Y l‐x Ca x )Ba 2 NbO 6 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4), Buffer Layers (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Nonmycorrhizal (Myc¯) Mutants of Hebeloma cylindrosporum Obtained Through Insertional Mutagenesis (2004)

Polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation of protoplasts was used as a method for insertional mutagenesis to obtain mutants of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum impaired in symbiotic ability. Following restriction enzyme-mediated integration or conventional plasmid insertion, a library of 1,725 hygromycin-resistant monokaryotic transformants was generated and screened for the symbiotic defect, using Pinus pinaster seedlings as host plants. A total of 51 transformants displaying a dramatically reduced mycorrhizal ability were identified. Among them, 29 were nonmycorrhizal (myc-), but only 10 of them had integrated one or several copies of the transforming plasmid in their genome. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations of pine roots inoculated with myc- mutants suggested that we selected mutants blocked at early stages of interaction between partners or at the stage of Hartig net formation. Myc- mutants with plasmid insertions were crossed with a compatible wild-type monokaryon and allowed to fruit. Monokaryotic progenies were obtained in three independent crosses and were analyzed for symbiotic activity and plasmid insertion. In all three progenies, a 1:1 myc-:myc+ segregation ratio was observed, suggesting that each myc- phenotype resulted from a single gene mutation. However, for none of the three mutants, the myc- phenotype segregated with any of the plasmid insertions. Our results support the idea that master genes, the products of which are essential for symbiosis establishment, do exist in ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Investigation of possible gene transfer to soil microorganisms for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms (2004)

The current study was conducted to monitor the possibility of the gene transfer among soil bacteria, including the effect of drift due to rain and surface water, in relation to the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment. Four types of bacteria, each with a distinct antibiotic marker, kanamycin-resistant P. fluorescens, rifampicin-resistant P. putida, chloramphenicol-resistant B. subtilis, and spectinomycin-resistant B. subtilis, were plated using a small-scale soil-core device designed to track drifting microorganisms. After three weeks of culture in the device, no Pseudomonas colonies resistant to both kanamycin and fifampicin were found. Likewise, no Bacillus colonies resistant to both chloramphenicol and spectinomycin were found. The gene transfer from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans to soil bacteria, including Rhizobium spp. as a symbiotic bacteria, was examined by hybridization using the DNA extracted from soil taken from pots, in which glyphosate-tolerant soybeans had been growing for 6 months. The results showed that 35S, T-nos, and EPSPS were observed in the positive control, but not in the DNA extracted, from the soilborne microorganisms. In addition, no transgenes, such as the 35S promoter, T-nos, and EPSPS introduced into the GMO soybeans were detected in soilborne bacteria, Rhizobium leguminosarum, thereby strongly rejecting the possibility of gene transfer from the GMO soybeans to the bacterium.
Feedback limitations of linear sampled-data periodic digital control (2000)

We present a set of feedback limitations for linear time-invariant systems controlled by periodic digital controllers based upon an analysis of the inter-sample response of the closed-loop system to sinusoidal inputs. Fundamental sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions govern the fundamental and harmonic components of the continuous closed-loop response. The continuous and discrete response of the system is sensitive to variations in the analog plant at frequencies integer multiples of ωs/N away from the excitation frequency, where ωs is the sampling frequency and N is the period of the controller. These functions satisfy interpolation and integral constraints due to open-loop non-minimum phase zeros and unstable poles. In addition, the use of periodic digital control may result in a reduction in closed-loop bandwidth. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layered variance shadow maps (2008)

Shadow maps are commonly used in real-time rendering, but they cannot be filtered linearly like standard color, resulting in severe aliasing. Variance shadow maps resolve this problem by representing the depth distribution using moments, which can be linearly filtered. However, variance shadow maps suffer from artifacts and require high-precision texture filtering hardware.

We introduce layered variance shadow maps, which provide simultaneous solutions to both of these limitations. By partitioning the shadow map depth range into multiple layers, we eliminate all light bleeding between different layers. Using more layers increases the quality of the shadows at the expense of additional storage. Because each of these layers covers a reduced depth range, they can be stored in lower precision than would be required with typical variance shadow maps, enabling their use on a much wider range of graphics hardware. We also describe an iterative optimization algorithm to automatically position layers so as to maximize the utility of each.

Our algorithm is easy to implement on current graphics hardware and provides an efficient, scalable solution to the problem of shadow map filtering.
Real time zero current detection with low quiescent current for synchronous DC-DC converter (2017)

This paper presents a real time zero current detecting (ZCD) method for synchronous DC-DC converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). A comparator with adjustable offset is utilized to sense the polarity of the inductor current. By monitoring the state of the switching node through a flip-flop, the offset of the comparator is automatically adjusted to achieve ZCD. Since the flip-flop consumes no static bias current and the offset comparator has lower demands for static current than a high speed one, the quiescent power dissipation is reduced. In addition, since there is little static power losses, the sampling circuits can remain always on to realize a real time detection, which is sensitive to the changes of regulator conditions. The proposed ZCD method is implemented in a boost converter with 50-mΩ NMOS power stage. Measured accuracy of the detection is in order of <;10 mA. With the ZCD method a maximum boost converter efficiency of about 92% can be achieved.
Structural Basis of Perturbed pKa Values of Catalytic Groups in Enzyme Active Sites (2002)

In protein and RNA macromolecules, only a limited number of different side-chain chemical groups are available to function as catalysts. The myriad of enzyme-catalyzed reactions results from the ability of most of these groups to function either as nucleophilic, electrophilic, or general acid-base catalysts, and the key to their adapted chemical function lies in their states of protonation. Ionization is determined by the intrinsic pKa of the group and the microenvironment created around the group by the protein or RNA structure, which perturbs its intrinsic pKa to its functional or apparent pKa. These pKa shifts result from interactions of the catalytic group with other fully or partially charged groups as well as the polarity or dielectric of the medium that surrounds it. The electrostatic interactions between ionizable groups found on the surface of macromolecules are weak and cause only slight pKa perturbations (<2 units). The sum of many of these weak electrostatic interactions helps contribute to the stability of native or folded macromolecules and their ligand complexes. However, the pKa values of catalytic groups that are found in the active sites of numerous enzymes are significantly more perturbed (>2 units) and are the subject of this review. The magnitudes of these pKa perturbations are analyzed with respect to the structural details of the active-site microenvironment and the energetics of the reactions that they catalyze.
Combination BMSC and Niaspan Treatment of Stroke Enhances White Matter Remodeling and Synaptic Protein Expression in Diabetic Rats (2013)

Combination treatment of stroke with BMSCs and Niaspan in T1DM rats increases white matter remodeling and additively increases BMSC monotherapy induced myelination and synaptic plasticity after stroke in T1DM rats.
Treatment of Child and Adolescent Obesity: Reports From Pediatricians, Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, and Registered Dietitians (2002)

The providers generally promoted healthy eating and activity with minimal use of highly restrictive diets or medication to control weight.
Three distinct regions of allelic loss at 13q14, 13q21‐22, and 13q33 in prostate cancer (1999)

Chromosome 13 is one of the most frequently altered chromosomes in cancer, including carcinoma of the prostate. Two known tumor suppressor genes, RB1 and BRCA2, map to chromosome 13; however, recent reports suggest that unknown genes on 13q are more likely to be involved in the development of prostate cancer. In order more fully to define the genetic changes on chromosome 13 in prostate neoplasms, we analyzed 27 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the q arm for loss of heterozygosity in 40 primary tumors and in metastases from 11 other patients who died of prostate cancer. Of the 40 primary tumors, 23 (58%) showed LOH for at least one marker. Three distinct regions at q14, q21-22, and q33, defined by markers D13S267 → D13S153, D13S166 → D13S1225, and D13S259 → D13S274, showed the most frequent LOH, suggesting their involvement in the development of prostate cancer. For the 12 patients whose tumors showed LOH at these markers, the average age at diagnosis was 58 years, which was younger than that (63 years, P < 0.05) for the 28 patients whose tumors lacked LOH. Ten of the 11 (91%) metastases showed LOH with one or more markers. Two of the three most frequently deleted regions (i.e., q14 and q21-22) in the primary tumors and markers linked to the RB1, BRCA2, and EDNRB genes showed high frequencies (56–71%) of LOH in metastases. These results demonstrate that allelic loss on chromosome 13 at q14, q21-22, and q33 occurs in a subset of primary prostate tumors and is a frequent event in metastatic lesions of prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25:108–114, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phospholipid flippases and Sfk1p, a novel regulator of phospholipid asymmetry, contribute to low permeability of the plasma membrane (2018)

Phospholipid flippase (type 4 P-type ATPase) plays a major role in the generation of phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Loss of Lem3p-Dnf1/2p flippases leads to the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the cell surface in yeast, resulting in sensitivity to PS- or PE-binding peptides. We isolated Sfk1p, a conserved membrane protein in the TMEM150/FRAG1/DRAM family, as a multicopy suppressor of this sensitivity. Overexpression of SFK1 decreased PS/PE exposure in lem3Δ mutant cells. Consistent with this, lem3Δ sfk1Δ double mutant cells exposed more PS/PE than the lem3Δ mutant. Sfk1p was previously implicated in the regulation of the phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase Stt4p, but the effect of Sfk1p on PS/PE exposure in lem3Δ was independent of Stt4p. Surprisingly, Sfk1p did not facilitate phospholipid flipping but instead repressed it, even under ATP-depleted conditions. We propose that Sfk1p negatively regulates transbilayer movement of phospholipids irrespective of directions. In addition, we showed that the permeability of the plasma membrane was dramatically elevated in the lem3Δ sfk1Δ double mutant in comparison with the corresponding single mutants. Interestingly, total ergosterol was decreased in the lem3Δ sfk1Δ mutant. Our results suggest that phospholipid asymmetry is required for the maintenance of low plasma membrane permeability.
[Multidisciplinary treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma invading the stomach]. (2003)

The patient was a 69-year-old man who was found to be positive for the hepatitis C antibody in 1996. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was found in S4 and S7 in April 2000. He received treatment by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) 3 times and by percutaneous ethanol injection therapy 1 time. At that point pulmonary metastasis was found. In November 2001 he was urgently admitted with hematemesis to the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of our hospital. Bleeding from the HCC invading the stomach was found by endoscopy. Bleeding was successfully stopped by TACE. Because of the dangerousness of severe bleeding due to the disintegration of the HCC, we carried out a partial hepatectomy with partial gastrectomy and partial excision of the diaphragm. He recuperated at home after being discharged from the hospital, and sufficient QOL was maintained. In April of the same year, he vomited blood again and was readmitted. Endoscopy showed bleeding from a recurrence of the HCC in the stomach and a metastatic tumor at the lower esophagus. Bleeding was controlled by TACE and endoscopic procedures. The patient could maintain QOL under multidisciplinary therapy including surgery for the HCC, which was impossible to treat curatively. In such cases, it is important to use IVR or endoscopic procedures or a combination including them. Furthermore, in case of good hepatic reserve, surgery may then be added.
Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery for vascular lesions: a systematic review of the literature. (2016)

Although rarely indicated, EES may be considered as an alternative treatment and part of the armamentarium of cerebrovascular neurosurgeons dealing with these challenging lesions.
Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SNDX‐275 on Fas signaling in osteosarcoma cells and the feasibility of its topical application for the treatment of osteosarcoma lung metastases (2011)

The current findings indicated that SNDX-275 can activate Fas signaling in OS cells in vitro and in vivo and that the administration of SDNX-275 by inhalation is feasible as a treatment for OS metastases and warrants its further investigation.