gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Support Vector Machine Parameter Optimization for Text Categorization Problems. (2003)

Abstract: This paper analyzes the influence of different parameters of Support Vector Machine (SVM) on text categorization performance. The research is carried out on different text collections and different subject headings (up to 1168 items). We show that parameter optimization can essentially increase text categorization performance. An estimation of range for searching optimal parameter is given. We describe an algorithm to find optimal parameters. We introduce the notion of stability of classification algorithm and analyze the stability of SVM, depending on number of documents in the example set. We suggest some practical recommendations for applying SVM to real-world text categorization problems. 1
Standard Ultraviolet Daylight for Nonextreme Exposure Conditions¶ (2005)

The skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from natural or artificial sources on a daily basis. The effects of chronic low dose exposure merit investigation, even when these effects are neither conspicuous nor clinically assessable. The purpose of the present study was to define a relative spectral UV irradiance that is representative of frequent nonextreme sun exposure conditions and therefore more appropriate for studies of the long-term and daily effects of solar UV on the skin. Solar spectral UV irradiance values were calculated for different dates and locations by using a radiative transfer model. The spectral irradiance values obtained when the solar elevation is lower than 45° were averaged. An important feature is the dUVA (320–400 nm) to dUVB (290–320 nm) irradiance values ratio, which was found to be 27.3 for the overall average. When the months corresponding to extreme irradiance values (low or high) were excluded from the calculations, the dUVA to dUVB ratio ranged from 27.2 to 27.5. The mean spectral irradiance of the model presented here represents environmental UV exposure conditions and can be used both as a standard to investigate the biological effects of a nonextreme UVR and to assess the effectiveness of products for daily skin protection.
In-vivo real-time monitoring of nanoparticle clearance rate from blood circulation using high speed flow cytometry (2012)

The rapidly growing application of nanotechnology in medicine has placed new demands on monitoring the clearance rate of various nanoparticles with different shapes, compositions, and conjugations within blood circulation. No clinically relevant method has been developed for rapid and sensitive detection of nanoparticles in blood flow. Our laboratory has developed a laser-based platform with the purpose of in vivo real-time monitoring of nanoparticles using a highly advanced high-speed, multicolor photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC). As most nanoparticles have intrinsic absorption, PAFC is an ideal tool for real-time, label-free monitoring of nanoparticle pharmacokinetics. We used four laser wavelengths to verify the concept of in vivo multicolor PAFC, and hypothesize that the potential exists to increase the number of spectral channels. The capability of this platform was demonstrated for detection of magnetic nanobeads and gold nanorods of different sizes and conjugations in blood circulation of animal models. The advantages as well as potential limitations of the new technique are discussed in detail.
Incompatibility Determination of Crude Oil Blends from Experimental Viscosity and Density Data (2014)

In this work, a study to determine the incompatibility phenomenon in blends of crude oils mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon from experimental viscosity and density information is presented. The effect of the temperature and composition on asphaltene aggregates and asphaltene precipitation onset was investigated for two crude oil blends mixed with a refinery stream liquid hydrocarbon containing high isopentane and n-pentane concentrations. Dynamic viscosities of the system (crude oil containing asphaltenes and toluene) + n-heptane were measured to assess the changes of aggregation occurring in a crude oil under the influence of the temperature to determine the incompatible asphaltenes in the oil fraction of the liquid hydrocarbon. The method to detect the incompatibility of crude oil blends was based on experimental observations of an increase in the viscosity and density of the crude oil blends mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon, in which asphaltene particle aggregation occurs. From experimental determination of viscosities and densities, it was possible to determine an incompatibility region for the crude oil blends.
The synthesis of 5-alkyl[3,4-c]thienopyrrole-4,6-dione-based polymers using a Pd-catalyzed oxidative C–H/C–H homopolymerization reaction (2014)

A new, simple, mild, atom economical homopolymerization method through Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling was developed for the preparation of a series of 5-alkyl[3,4-c]thienopyrrole-4,6-dione-based conjugated polymers.
Elastic Differential Scattering ofHe+Ions by Ne and Ar and ofAr+Ions by Ar in the 10-600-eV Range (1966)

Absolute elastic differential scattering cross sections of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ on Ne and Ar and of ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ on Ar have been measured at relative energies ranging from 10 to 600 eV and scattering angles of 1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ on Ne and Ar cross sections are monotonically decreasing functions of angle and have a superimposed ripple structure which is attributed to curve-crossing effects. No rainbow-angle structure is evident on these curves. The ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$-on-Ar cross sections indicate both rainbow scattering and oscillations associated with symmetric charge exchange. From the values of the rainbow scattering angle, the estimated binding energy of $\mathrm{Ar}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ is 1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 eV, assuming the general shape of the attractive potential resembles that of $\mathrm{He}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$.
High-spectral-purity cw and pulse output from an ensemble of discrete diode lasers (1987)

The spectrum of the output from an external-cavity laser containing five discrete diode lasers operating as a coherent ensemble has been shown to correspond to a single mode of the cavity with very narrow linewidth. For cw operation, the linewidth is within the 7.5-MHz measurement resolution. Pulsed outputs from a low-level cw baseline are reported for which the single-mode pulse output is also within the 7.5-MHz measurement resolution. The measured linewidth of the single-mode pulse output with no cw output is 9 MHz.
Single and Multiple ${ F}_{0}$ Contour Estimation Through Parametric Spectrogram Modeling of Speech in Noisy Environments (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper proposes a novel $F_{0}$ contour estimation algorithm based on a precise parametric description of the voiced parts of speech derived from the power spectrum. The algorithm is able to perform in a wide variety of noisy environments as well as to estimate the $F_{0}$ s of cochannel concurrent speech. The speech spectrum is modeled as a sequence of spectral clusters governed by a common $F_{0}$ contour expressed as a spline curve. These clusters are obtained by an unsupervised 2-D time-frequency clustering of the power density using a new formulation of the EM algorithm, and their common $F_{0}$ contour is estimated at the same time. A smooth $F_{0}$ contour is extracted for the whole utterance, linking together its voiced parts. A noise model is used to cope with nonharmonic background noise, which would otherwise interfere with the clustering of the harmonic portions of speech. We evaluate our algorithm in comparison with existing methods on several tasks, and show 1) that it is competitive on clean single-speaker speech, 2) that it outperforms existing methods in the presence of noise, and 3) that it outperforms existing methods for the estimation of multiple $F_{0}$ contours of cochannel concurrent speech. </para>
Structures of the thermophilic F 1 -ATPase ε subunit suggesting ATP-regulated arm motion of its C-terminal domain in F 1 (2007)

The epsilon subunit of bacterial and chloroplast F(o)F(1)-ATP synthases modulates their ATP hydrolysis activity. Here, we report the crystal structure of the ATP-bound epsilon subunit from a thermophilic Bacillus PS3 at 1.9-A resolution. The C-terminal two alpha-helices were folded into a hairpin, sitting on the beta sandwich structure, as reported for Escherichia coli. A previously undescribed ATP binding motif, I(L)DXXRA, recognizes ATP together with three arginine and one glutamate residues. The E. coli epsilon subunit binds ATP in a similar manner, as judged on NMR. We also determined solution structures of the C-terminal domain of the PS3 epsilon subunit and relaxation parameters of the whole molecule by NMR. The two helices fold into a hairpin in the presence of ATP but extend in the absence of ATP. The latter structure has more helical regions and is much more flexible than the former. These results suggest that the epsilon C-terminal domain can undergo an arm-like motion in response to an ATP concentration change and thereby contribute to regulation of F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase.
Poly(arylene ether) Block Copolymer Membranes: Synthesis, Properties and Durability (2009)

Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPEs) block copolymers containing fluorenyl groups were synthesized for fuel cell applications. Postsulfonation of the polymers by chlorosulfonic acid gave sulfonated block copolymers having highly sulfonated hydrophilic block. SPE block copolymer membrane with the ion exchange capacity (IEC) = 2.20 meq/g showed proton conductivity, 0.14 S/cm (80% RH) and 0.02 S/cm (40% RH) at 80°C, which is higher or comparable to that of perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion®) membrane. STEM observation of Ag-stained membranes revealed that phase separation of the SPE block copolymers was more developed than that of the SPE random copolymers. Long-term hydrolytic stability of these membranes has been confirmed.
Transmucosal, Oral Controlled-Release, and Transdermal Drug Administration in Human Subjects: A Crossover Study with Melatonin (1997)

The effect of oral controlled-release (CR), oral transmucosal (buccal; TMD) and transdermal (TDD) drug delivery systems on plasma concentrations of melatonin (MT) and its principal metabolite in human subjects using a crossover, single dose design was evaluated. Twelve adult male volunteers participated in the study and received all three dosage forms on three separate occasions. All patch dosage forms were removed after 10 h of wear. Plasma concentrations of the parent drug and its metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (MT6s) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Between-subject plasma concentrations of MT were very variable following both oral CR and TDD. Use of the oral CR system gave plasma MT profiles in some subjects that were initially similar to physiological levels, but then differed substantially from physiological in the rate of MT offset; in a few subjects, plasma MT levels remained consistently much below normal nocturnal physiological levels. Also, the ratio of metabolite to parent drug by the oral CR route was many times greater than physiological. TDD resulted in a significant delay in systemic drug levels and a gradual decline in drug delivery after patch removal, possibly due to deposition of melatonin in the skin. TDD failed to simulate the physiological plasma profile of MT (rapid achievement of steady-state blood levels and rapid decline after removal of the patch; i.e., so-called "square-wave" profile). TMD provided prompt systemic drug levels with less variability than oral CR or TDD delivery. Also, plasma MT levels fell promptly and rapidly after removal of the patch. No indication of mucosal deposition was observed. TMD was able to mimic the physiological plasma profiles of both MT and its principal metabolite.
Synthese von 3‐methylendisubstituierten 2‐Oxo‐tetrahydrofuranen und ihre Umlagerung zu den 5,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐onen (1982)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese der 3‐methylendisubstituierten 2‐Oxo‐tetrahydrofurane 5a–g und 6–8 aus den α‐Ketolactonen 1a,b und den Knoevenagel‐Komponenten 2a–f sowie 3 und 4 beschrieben. Als Katalysatoren benutzt man TiCl 4 /Pyridin, Piperidinacetat/β‐Alanin und β‐Alanin. Ringöffnung und Verseifung von 5a–d, 5f und 6 lieferten die 5,6‐Dihydro‐2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one 9a–f .
Legends for supplemental data from Uninterrupted Sedentary Behavior Downregulates <i>BRCA1</i> Gene Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Attached are the legends for the 4 supplemental figures.&lt;/p&gt;
Evidence that spinal segmental nitric oxide mediates tachyphylaxis to peripheral local anesthetic nerve block (2001)

The increased potency of intrathecal versus systemic L-NAME suggests a spinal site of action in inhibiting tachyphylaxis. Descending pathways are not necessary for the development of tachyphylaxis since it occurs even after T10 spinal cord transection. Thus tachyphylaxis, like hyperalgesia, is mediated at least in part by a spinal site of action.
Five-year follow-up of nivolumab treatment in Japanese patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ATTRACTION-1/ONO-4538-07) (2021)

Our follow-up analysis of more than 5 years is currently the longest and is the first to demonstrate that nivolumab has long-term efficacy and safety for advanced ESCC.
NG-PON2 Transmission Convergence Layer: A Tutorial (2016)

The first family of multi-wavelength PON systems, 40-gigabit-capable capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2), has been specified by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T). This tutorial, which is based on the author's ECOC'2015 presentation on the topic, offers a comprehensive review of the NG-PON2 transmission convergence layer specification, and is addressed to a wide range of readers who are active in the field of optical communications.
Computational and Biochemical Design of a Nanopore Cleavable by a Cancer‐Secreted Enzyme (2015)

Many proteinaceous macromolecules selectively transport substrates across lipid bilayers and effectively serve as gated nanopores. Here, we engineered cleavage-site motifs for human matrix metalloprotease 7 (MMP-7) into the extracellular and pore-constricting loops of OprD, a bacterial substrate-specific transmembrane channel. Concurrent removal of two extracellular loops allowed MMP-7 to access and hydrolyze a cleavage-site motif engineered within the pore's major constricting loop, in both membrane-incorporated and detergent-solubilized OprDs. Import of antibiotics by the engineered OprDs into living bacteria pointed to their proper folding and integration in biological membranes. Purified engineered OprDs were also found to be properly folded in detergent. Hence, this study demonstrates the design of nanopores with a constriction cleavable by tumor-secreted enzymes (like MMP-7) for their potential incorporation in lipid-based nanoparticles to accelerate drug release at the tumor site.
Smad2 and Smad3 Phosphorylated at Both Linker and COOH-Terminal Regions Transmit Malignant TGF-β Signal in Later Stages of Human Colorectal Cancer (2009)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta initially inhibits growth of mature epithelial cells. Later, however, autocrine TGF-beta signaling acts in concert with the Ras pathway to induce a proliferative and invasive phenotype. TGF-beta activates not only TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaRI) but also Ras-associated kinases, which differentially phosphorylate the mediators Smad2 and Smad3 to create distinct phosphorylated forms: COOH-terminally phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2C and pSmad3C) and both linker and COOH-terminally phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2L/C and pSmad3L/C). In this study, we investigated actions of pSmad2L/C and pSmad3L/C in cancer progression. TGF-beta inhibited cell growth by down-regulating c-Myc oncoprotein through the pSmad2C and pSmad3C pathway; TGF-beta signaling, in turn, enhanced cell growth by up-regulating c-Myc through the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4-dependent pSmad2L/C and pSmad3L/C pathways in cell nuclei. Alternatively, TbetaRI and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) together created cytoplasmic pSmad2L/C, which entered the nucleus and stimulated cell invasion, partly by up-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9. In 20 clinical samples, pSmad2L/C and pSmad3L/C showed nuclear localization at invasion fronts of all TGF-beta-producing human metastatic colorectal cancers. In vitro kinase assay confirmed that nuclear CDK4 and cytoplasmic JNK obtained from the tumor tissue could phosphorylate Smad2 or Smad3 at their linker regions. We suggest that CDK4, together with JNK, alters tumor-suppressive TGF-beta signaling to malignant characteristics in later stages of human colorectal cancer. The linker phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 may represent a target for intervention in human metastatic cancer.
Ceramic Components for Metal Forming Tools (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Ceramics in Forging Tools Ceramics in Sheet Metal Forming Summary
Iron Chelation Therapy in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2010)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells, frequently characterized by anemia and transfusion dependency. In low-risk patients, transfusion dependency can be long lasting, leading to iron overload. Iron chelation therapy may be a therapeutic option for these patients, especially since the approval of oral iron chelators, which are easier to use and better accepted by the patients. The usefulness of iron chelation in MDS patients is still under debate, mainly because of the lack of solid prospective clinical trials that should take place in the future. This review aims to summarize what is currently known about the incidence and clinical consequences of iron overload in MDS patients and the state-of the-art of iron chelation therapy in this setting. We also give an overview of clinical guidelines for chelation in MDS published to date and some perspectives for the future.
Semantic labeling of urban areas in remote sensing imagery using multiple exemplars-based matching (2009)

In this study, we are going to focus on the exploration of color based features on labeling remote sensing images. The common widely used color descriptors are based on color histogram or Gaussian Mixture Models. However, the problem of these methods is to lack of the spatial layout information. We propose a new color description and matching approach, which allows to relax the assumption of independence of the observed pixels and incorporates the spatial information naturally by an iterative estimation and a regeneration process. We compare our results to the traditional descriptor based on the labeling of urban scenes using IKONOS imagery and show that our color descriptor outperforms the color histogram and Gaussian Mixture Models, furthering with combination of linearly interpolation and over-segmented map give much better performance.
The Numerical Solution of Higher Iindex Differential/Algebraic Equations by Implicit Methods (1989)

This paper studies the order, stability, and convergence properties of implicit Runge–Kutta (IRK) methods applied to differential/algebraic systems with index greater than one. These methods do not in general attain the same order of accuracy for higher index differential/algebraic systems as they do for index 1 systems or for purely differential systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the method coefficients are derived to ensure that the local and global errors of the method attain a given order of accuracy for higher index linear constant coefficient systems. IRK methods applied to nonlinear semi-explicit index 2 systems are studied, and a sufficient set of conditions is derived which ensures that a method is accurate to a given order for these systems. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented that illustrate the theoretical results and demonstrate the effects of roundoff' errors on the solution.
Dual-Cation Electrolytes for High-Power and High-Energy LTO//AC Hybrid Capacitors (2020)

International audience
Abstract 4451: Targeted therapy of lung cancer using ScFvEGFR-Heparin-Cisplatin nanoparticles (2011)

Abstract The clinical use of cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) (cisplatin, CDDP) is restricted by severe side effects, including nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and ototoxicity. Although the nanoparticles has been used for CDDP delivery in animal models and demonstrated to reduce the side effects and increase the antitumor effects of CDDP, most of studies used none-targeted nanoparticles for CDDP delivery via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, utilizing EPR effect for delivery of CDDP achieves only passive tumor targeting. We have developed novel nanoparticles by conjugating single-chain antibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (ScFvEGFR) to modified heparin, and loaded CDDP into the targeted nanoparticles (EHDDP). Our results showed that the intracellular Pt was significantly higher in EHDDP treated cells (27.91± 2.45 ng Pt/105 cells) than that of free DDP (2.49± 0.39 ng Pt/105 cells) (P=0.004) and non-targeted nanopartcles HDDP(2.14± 0.20 ng Pt/105 cells) (P=0.003) at 4 hrs, while the internalization of Pt in free CDDP treated cells didn't show any significant difference as compared with that in HDDP (P=0.25). The Pt (166.05±21.17pg Pt/ug DNA) which was intercalated into DNA in EHDDP treated cells increased significantly as compared with that in CDDP(42.34±10.57pg Pt/ug DNA) (P=0.015) and HDDP(20.27±2.88 pg Pt/ug DNA) (P=0.008) treated cells. We found that the CDDP-loaded nanoparticles could significantly change the biodistribution of Pt in mice comparing with the free CDDP. Accumulation of Pt in subcutaneous tumor lesions in EHDDP group (13.45±2.15ng/mg dry tissue) was significant higher than that in HDDP (4.87±0.67ng/mg dry tissue) (P=0.026) and CDDP groups (1.48±0.52ng/mg dry tissue) (P=0.02) 24 hours after the intravenously injection (Pt, 2.5mg/kg) into nude mice bearing H292 tumors. The systemic delivery of EHDDP (2.5 mg/kg; 5 times treatment at 3 days intervals) to mice showed significant enhanced antitumor activity with no body weight loss or damages to kidney, liver, and spleen, while the mice that received free CDDP had significant weight loss and massive organ damages. Our results suggest that EHDDP nanoparticles have the potential to be used for targeted therapy of cancer which expresses EGFR with reduced side effects. (Supported by P50CA128613). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4451. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4451