gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Molecular-Weight Chitosan as a pH-Sensitive Stealth Coating for Tumor-Specific Drug Delivery (2012)

When a nanoparticle is developed for systemic application, its surface is typically protected by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to help prolonged circulation and evasion of immune clearance. On the other hand, PEG can interfere with interactions between nanocarriers and target cells and negatively influence the therapeutic outcomes. To overcome this challenge, we propose low molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) as an alternative surface coating, which can protect the nanomedicine in neutral pH but allow cellular interactions in the weakly acidic pH of tumors. LMWCs with a molecular weight of 2-4 kDa, 4-6.5 kDa, and 11-22 kDa were produced by hydrogen peroxide digestion and covalently conjugated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Nanoparticles created with PLGA-LMWC conjugates showed pH-sensitive cell interactions, which enabled specific drug delivery to cells in a weakly acidic environment. The hydrophilic LMWC layer reduced opsonization and phagocytic uptake. These properties qualify LMWCs as a promising biomaterial for pH-sensitive stealth coating.
Evaluation of the alpha-Beta Instrument and the Distance Visibility Algorithm for Camera and Diver Visibility (2001)

Abstract : The Navy has a need to have instrumentation and algorithms that provide the warfighter with estimates of diver visibility and light attenuation for system performance. The long-term goal of this research effort is to provide the Navy with instrumentation and algorithms that have been scientifically and technically validated and are fundamentally sound. The algorithms are for diver and camera visibility as well as evaluating instrumentation that may be utilized and equipped aboard US Navy survey vessels.
The Irresistible Charm of a Simple Current Flow Pattern – 25% with a Solar Cell Featuring a Full-Area Back Contact (2015)

Screen-printed Al-BSF silicon solar cells have dominated the PV market for decades. Their long-term success is based on a low-complexity cell architecture and a robust production sequence. The full-area rear contact allows a simple and effective one-dimensional current flow pattern in the base resulting in high fill factors. Some of the successor technologies of this simple but yet successful cell architecture, i.e. PERL and IBC solar cells, have a significantly higher process and pattern complexity. This presentation discusses a cell structure with an architecture very similar to the classical Al-BSF solar cell but with a higher efficiency potential. This is achieved by substituting the full-area doped back surface region by a passivated contact scheme consisting of a tunnel oxide covered by a heavily doped silicon film, called TOPCon. The current champion efficiency of 24.9% (Voc = 719 mV) on n-type silicon shows that this structure has a high potential while keeping the process effort low and the current flow pattern simple. The very high fill factor of 83.4% results from both, the very low recombination and transport losses caused by this contact scheme. This presentation will give a detailed overview on the ongoing improvement and up-scaling of the TOPCon technology.
High‐Porosity Metal‐Organic Framework Glasses (2023)

Abstract We report a synthetic strategy to link titanium‐oxo (Ti‐oxo) clusters into metal‐organic framework (MOF) glasses with high porosity though the carboxylate linkage. A new series of MOF glasses was synthesized by evaporation of solution containing Ti‐oxo clusters Ti 16 O 16 (OEt) 32 , linkers, and m ‐cresol. The formation of carboxylate linkages between the Ti‐oxo clusters and the carboxylate linkers was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The structural integrity of the Ti‐oxo clusters within the glasses was evidenced by both X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and 17 O magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR. After ligand exchange and activation, the fumarate‐linked MOF glass, termed Ti‐Fum, showed a N 2 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of 923 m 2 g −1 , nearly three times as high as the phenolate‐linked MOF glass with the highest BET surface area prior to this report.
89Zr-Chloride Can Be Used for Immuno-PET Radiochemistry Without Loss of Antigen Reactivity In Vivo (2018)

<sup>89</sup>Zr immuno-PET continues to be assessed in numerous clinical trials. This report evaluates the use of <sup>89</sup>Zr-chloride in the radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies conjugated with desferrioxamine B (DFO), describes its effects on radiopharmaceutical reactivity toward antigen, and offers guidance on how to ensure long-term stability and purity. <b>Methods:</b><sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-trastuzumab and <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-cetuximab were prepared using <sup>89</sup>ZrCl<sub>4</sub> The stability of each was evaluated for 7 d in 20 mM histidine/240 mM sucrose buffer, 0.25 M sodium acetate (NaOAc) buffer containing 5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup><i>n</i>-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), or 0.25 M NaOAc containing 5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> l-methionine (L-MET). To assess antigen reactivity, <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-trastuzumab was evaluated using the Lindmo method and tested in PET/CT imaging of mouse models of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive or -negative lung cancer. <b>Results:</b> Using <sup>89</sup>ZrCl<sub>4</sub>, <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-trastuzumab and <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-cetuximab were prepared with increased specific activity and retained purities of 95% after 3 d when formulated in NaOAc buffer containing L-MET. Based on Lindmo analysis and small-animal PET/CT imaging, <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-trastuzumab remained reactive toward antigen after being prepared with <sup>89</sup>ZrCl<sub>4</sub><b>Conclusion:</b><sup>89</sup>ZrCl<sub>4</sub> facilitated the radiosynthesis of <sup>89</sup>Zr immuno-PET agents with increased specific activity. L-MET enhanced long-term solution stability better than all other formulations examined, and <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-trastuzumab remained reactive toward antigen. Although further evaluation is necessary, these initial results suggest that <sup>89</sup>ZrCl<sub>4</sub> may be useful in immuno-PET radiochemistry as radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies are increasingly integrated into precision medicine strategies.
P2‐372: STRUCTURAL COVARIANCE NETWORKS IN AMYLOID POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES (2019)

Although several studies have reported structural deficits in amyloid burden and cerebral vessel disease, it is not well known that these deficits reject a systematic disruption to the anatomical organization of large-scale brain networks. We generated anatomical networks using regional voxel based morphometry from 116 regions in the automated anatomical labeling atlas across the brain in amyloid positive patients with or without white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)(N of each group=35, 25; all subjects are CDR 1 or higher). To compute a structural covariance network for each group, a 116 × 116 association matrix, was generated (partial correlation + Fisher r-to-z transformation for considering normality and comparison). Relative to participants without WMHs, amyloid positive patients with WMHs exhibited, anatomical networks were disrupted in orbito/superior frontal, pre/postcentral, calcarine, and other subcortical components (i.e., thalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus, etc.)(Bonferroni correction, p<0.01). These findings provide evidence that the disruption of global organization of anatomical networks may be different according to amyloid burden and small vessel disease
Identification of in Vivo Phosphorylation Sites and Their Functional Significance in the Sodium Iodide Symporter (2007)

The Na+/I- symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake activity is the basis for targeted radioiodide ablation of thyroid cancers. Although it has been shown that NIS protein is phosphorylated, neither the in vivo phosphorylation sites nor their functional significance has been reported. In this study, Ser-43, Thr-49, Ser-227, Thr-577, and Ser-581 were identified as in vivo NIS phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry. Kinetic analysis of NIS mutants of the corresponding phosphorylated amino acid residue indicated that the velocity of iodide transport of NIS is modulated by the phosphorylation status of Ser-43 and Ser-581. We also found that the phosphorylation status of Thr-577 may be important for NIS protein stability and that the phosphorylation status of Ser-227 is functionally silent. Thr-49 appears to be critical for proper local structure/conformation of NIS because mutation of Thr-49 to alanine, aspartic acid, or serine results in reduced NIS activity without alterations in total or cell surface NIS protein levels. Taken together, we showed that NIS protein levels and functional activity could be modulated by phosphorylation through distinct mechanisms.
Enhancement of the Substrate Scope of Transketolase (2012)

To enhance the activity of transketolase towards nonphosphorylated substrates and enlarge the scope of its substrates, notably to long polyol aldehyde acceptors (D-ribose or D-glucose), a rational design-supported evolution strategy was applied. By using docking experiments, an in silico library, and iterative mutagenesis, libraries of single- and double-point mutants were designed and generated. A double-screening approach was implemented, coupling a preselection activity assay (HPLC method) and a selective assay (GC method) to find the best enzymes. Several mutants (R526N, R526Q, R526Q/S525T, R526K/S525T) showed improved activities towards nonphosphorylated substrates as the coupled products of lithium hydroxypyruvate (HPA) with glycolaldehyde (GO), D-ribose or D-glucose. These mutated enzymes were further characterised. They were shown to be up to four times more active than the wild-type (mutant R526Q/S525T) for nonphosphorylated substrates LiHPA/GO (V(m) /K(m) for LiHPA = 92.4 instead of 28.8×10(-3) min(-1) for the wild-type) and 2.6 times more active for substrates LiHPA/rib.
Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus The Effect of Iodination on the Reactivity with Immunoglobulin G (1974)

Protein A, a cell‐wall protein from Staphylococcus aureus containing 4 residues each of histidine and tyrosine, was iodinated at 0°C and pH 8.6 with about a 35‐fold molar excess of KI 3 . The incorporation of iodine as followed with 125 I was comparatively slow, i.e. 8 atoms were incorporated in about 14 h and 12 atoms in about 12 days. An electrophoretically homogeneous fraction of iodo‐protein A containing 3.5 iodine atoms was isolated and shown to contain only 0.68 residues of mono‐iodotyrosine and 0.12 residues of di‐iodotyrosine. However, iodohistidine was identified in enzymatic digests, and thus most probably the histidine residues are iodinated faster than the tyrosine residues. Catalytic dehalogenation of iodoprotein A in tritium was unsuccessful. The circular dichroism spectrum of iodoprotein A was compared with that of native protein A at different pH values and the changes seen could be fully related to the increased acidic properties of iodotyrosine. The reactivity of protein A towards the Fc part of immunoglobulin G was decreased as a consequence of the iodination. However, the reactivity towards specific anti‐protein A serum was unchanged.
Kinetic characteristics and regulation of HDL cholesteryl ester and apolipoprotein transport in the apoA-I-/- mouse (1998)

The concentration dependence and tissue distribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester and apolipoprotein (apo) transport were determined in apoA-I knockout mice (apoA-I-/-) that lack normal HDL in plasma. Rates of HDL cholesteryl ester clearance were highly sensitive to plasma HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations with clearance rates falling by 80% in the liver and by 95% in the adrenal glands when plasma HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations were acutely raised to levels normally seen in control mice (approximately 50 mg/dl). With the exception of the brain, saturable HDL cholesteryl ester uptake was demonstrated in all tissues of the body, with the adrenal glands and liver manifesting the highest maximal transport rates (Jm). The plasma concentration of HDL cholesteryl ester necessary to achieve half-maximal transport (Km) equaled 4 mg/dl in the adrenal glands and liver; as a consequence, HDL cholesteryl ester uptake by these organs is maximal (saturated) at normal plasma HDL concentrations in the mouse. When expressed per whole organ, the liver was the most important site of HDL cholesteryl ester clearance accounting for approximately 72% of total HDL cholesteryl ester turnover at normal plasma HDL concentrations. HDL cholesteryl ester transporter activity and scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-BI) protein and mRNA levels were not up-regulated in any organ of apoA-I-/- mice even though these animals lack normal HDL.
Data from Continuous Docetaxel Chemotherapy Improves Therapeutic Efficacy in Murine Models of Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Ovarian cancer is known as the silent killer for being asymptomatic until late stages. Current first-line treatment consists of debulking surgery followed by i.v. chemotherapeutics administered intermittently, which leads to insufficient drug concentrations at tumor sites, accelerated tumor proliferation rates, and drug resistance, resulting in an overall median survival of only 2 to 4 years. For these reasons, more effective treatment strategies must be developed. We have investigated a localized, continuous chemotherapy approach in tumor models of human and murine ovarian cancers using the antineoplastic agent docetaxel. We show here that continuous docetaxel therapy is considerably more efficacious than intermittent therapy, resulting in a greater decrease in tumor burden and ascites fluid accumulation. Immunohistochemical analyses show that continuous chemotherapy abrogates tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis to the tumor microenvironment, leading to greater tumor cell death than intermittent docetaxel therapy. Overall, our results show greater therapeutic advantages of continuous over intermittent chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(6); 1820–30. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Magnetic Aerosol Targeting of Nanoparticles to Cancer: Nanomagnetosols (2010)

Inhalation of aerosols represents the most frequently used drug delivery method for the treatment of lung diseases. To further improve drug efficacy in the lungs, it may be advantageous to control aerosol deposition and target aerosols to diseased or disease-causing lung tissue and cellular structures in order to maximize drug potency and minimize side effects in unaffected tissue. We have recently investigated a novel method which brings aerosol delivery to an advanced level of specificity by making use of magnetic gradient fields to direct magnetizable aerosol droplets containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) specifically to desired regions of the lungs in mice. In this chapter, we will present a detailed description of this procedure for application in mice.
Backscattering of Explosive Sound from the Deep-Sea Bed (1962)

The return by the deep ocean bottom of the sound produced by an explosive charge consists of a decaying burst representing scattering at successively decreasing grazing angles with the bottom. An analysis of shot records at three deep-water locations between Cape Hatteras and Bermuda has yielded the backscattering strength of the sea bottom over a range of frequencies and angles between 30° and 90°. In the range 30° to about 65° the bottom appears to behave as a diffuse backscatterer of sound; between 65° and 90° (normal incidence) an increased return may represent reflection from inclined flat facets of the sea bed or from sub-bottom sediment layers. Analyses in several frequency bands between 0.5 and 8.0 kc indicate no frequency dependence of the scattering strength that could not be due to shock-wave attenuation effects in the sea. The coefficients agree with those obtained with pulsed sinusoidal sound sources.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Exchange at the Secondary Building Units of Metal—Organic Frameworks (2014)

Abstract Review: 55 refs.
On Depth Profiling of Polymers by Argon Ion Sputtering (2007)

Abstract Organic polymers readily react after the impact of energetic ions as used in sputter depth profiling. The resulting chemical composition (elemental concentrations, structural features) is different from the original one. These alterations are observed after a short time exposure of polyethylene (PE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The XPS data of the C1s and the O1s regions changed dramatically. Electron spin resonance measurements support the assumption that radicals are involved in the reactions. The chemical surface composition of these polymers was changed by the ion bombardment in a way that it is virtually impossible to tell anything about the original structure. The depth profile is mostly an artefact. magnified image
Light-management in ultra-thin polythiophene films using plasmonic monopole nanoantennas (2012)

Deposition of vertical, cone-shaped plasmonic nanorod arrays onto sub-50 nm polythiophene films on Ag substrates is shown to result in significant absorption enhancement (&amp;gt;12 at the polythiophene band edge) and spectral broadening (more than 250 nm increase) relative to polythiophene/Ag films without plasmonic nanorod arrays. Full-field electromagnetic simulations are used to identify the modes of the plasmonic nanorod array/polythiophene/Ag film system. Both gap modes and longitudinal monopole antenna modes give rise to highly localized electric fields in the polythiophene film and are the primary contributors to polythiophene absorption enhancement. This approach is suitable for large area optoelectronic applications where light management in ultrathin active layers is desired.
Comparison of intermittent and continuous intra-abdominal pressure monitoring using an in vitro model (2008)

Intermittent IAP and CIAP are both reliable and reproducible methods to measure IAP in an in vitro model. There exists a direct and significant association between both measurements and the actual value. Neither measure was shown to be superior.
Genome wide association analysis of the heart using high-resolution 3D cardiac MRI identifies new genetic loci underlying cardiac structure and function (2016)

Background Human physiology and disease are defined by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. While genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successfully used to dissect many human traits, they have not worked for studies of the heart. This likely reflects the limitations in echocardiographic and traditional magnetic resonance phenotyping, as many cardiac traits are known to be highly heritable. In an attempt to overcome the limitations of human heart GWASs to date, we developed high-resolution 3D-cardiac MRI (3D-CMR) techniques combined with computational image analysis and dense genotyping to examine the common genetic determinants of cardiac structure and function.
Radio propagation for vehicular communications (1977)

Radio propagation is affected by many factors including the frequency, distance, antenna heights, curvature of the earth, atmospheric conditions, and the presence of hills and buildings. The influence of each of these factors at frequencies above about 30 MHz is discussed with most of the quantitative data being presented in the series of nomograms. By means of three or four of these charts an estimate of the received power and the received field intensity for a given point-to-point radio transmission path ordinarily can be obtained in a minute or less. The theory of propagation over a smooth spherical earth is presented in a simplified form that is made possible by restricting the frequency range to above about 30 MHz where variations in the electrical constants of the earth have only a secondary effect. The empirical methods used in estimating the effects of hills and buildings and of atmospheric refraction are compared with experimental data on shadow losses and on fading ranges.
Data set for fall events and daily activities from inertial sensors (2015)

Wearable sensors are becoming popular for remote health monitoring as technology improves and cost reduces. One area in which wearable sensors are increasingly being used is falls monitoring. The elderly, in particular are vulnerable to falls and require continuous monitoring. Indeed, many attempts, with insufficient success have been made towards accurate, robust and generic falls and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) classification. A major challenge in developing solutions for fall detection is access to sufficiently large data sets.
Silk‐Pectin Hydrogel with Superior Mechanical Properties, Biodegradability, and Biocompatibility (2014)

A new method is developed to prepare silk hydrogels and silk-pectin hydrogels via dialysis against methanol to obtain hydrogels with high concentrations of silk fibroin. The relationship between the mechanical and biological properties and the structure of the silk-pectin hydrogels is subsequently evaluated. The present results suggest that pectin associates with silk molecules when the silk concentration exceeds 15 wt%, suggesting that a silk concentration of over 15 wt% is critical to construct interacting silk-pectin networks. The silk-pectin hydrogel reported here is composed of a heterogeneous network, which is different from fiber-reinforced, interpenetrated networks and double-network hydrogels, as well as high-stiffness hydrogels (elastic modulus of 4.7 ± 0.9 MPa, elastic stress limit of 3.9 ± 0.1 MPa, and elastic strain limit of 48.4 ± 0.5%) with regard to biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Loop analysis of the anal sphincter complex in fecal incontinent patients using functional luminal imaging probe (2019)

Cardiac loops have been used extensively to study myocardial function. With changes in cardiac pump function, loops are shifted to the right or left. Functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) recordings allow for loop analysis of the anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle (PRM) function. The goal was to characterize anal sphincter area-pressure/tension loop changes in fecal incontinence (FI) patients. Fourteen healthy subjects and 14 patients with FI were studied. A custom-designed FLIP was placed in the vagina and then in the anal canal, and deflated in 20-ml steps, from 90 to 30 ml. At each volume, subjects performed maximal voluntary squeezes. Area-pressure (AP) and area-tension (AT) loops were generated for each squeeze cycle. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the anal sphincter and PRM were obtained to determine the relationship between anal sphincter muscle damage and loop movements. With the increase in bag volume, AP loops and AT loops shifted to the right and upward in normal subjects (both anal and vaginal). The shift to the right was greater, and the upward movement was less in FI patients. The difference in the location of AP loops and AT loops was statistically significant at volumes of 50 ml to 90 ml (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A similar pattern was found in the vaginal loops. There is a significant relationship between the damage to the anal sphincter and PRM, and loop location of FI patients. We propose AP and AT loops as novel ways to assess the anal sphincter and PRM function. Such loops can be generated by real-time measurement of pressure and area within the anal canal.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We describe the use of area-pressure (AP) and area-tension (AT)-loop analysis of the anal sphincters and puborectalis muscles in normal subjects and fecal incontinent patients using the functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP). There are differences in the magnitude of the displacement of the loops with increase in the FLIP bag volume between normal subjects and patients with fecal incontinence. The latter group shifts more to the right in AP and AT space.