gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering the acoustic response of lipid-based microbubbles: Simulations and high speed optical imaging results (2006)

Gas microbubbles coated with a surfactant or polymer shell have become well established as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging and are under investigation for therapeutic applications such as targeted drug delivery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of modifying the microbubbles’ coating composition upon their response to ultrasound excitation. Using a high speed camera operating at 3 MHz, the radial oscillations from the commercial contrast agent SonoVueTM and four in-house microbubble preparations were measured under controlled insonation conditions (four-cycle Gaussian pulse; center frequency 0.5 MHz; peak negative pressure 30–70 kPa). The results indicate that microbubble response varies as the lipid structure and functional components in the coating change. These findings have been compared with simulation results using the generalized model for microbubble dynamics developed by the authors, in order to quantify the observed effects of changing the shell composition upon the microbubbles viscoelastic and diffusion characteristics. Both microbubble shrinkage and variable shell viscoelasticity can have significant implications for the acoustic response. This in turn can affect contrast specific imaging methods, especially those involving multipulse sequences such as pulse inversion. Similarly, these phenomena may affect the microbubble destruction threshold and hence the efficiency of drug delivery procedures.
Identification of Initiation Sites for T4 Lysozyme Folding Using CD and NMR Spectroscopy of Peptide Fragments (2000)

Using CD and 2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy, we have identified potential initiation sites for the folding of T4 lysozyme by examining the conformational preferences of peptide fragments corresponding to regions of secondary structure. CD spectropolarimetry showed most peptides were unstructured in water, but adopted partial helical conformations in TFE and SDS solution. This was also consistent with the (1)H NMR data which showed that the peptides were predominantly disordered in water, although in some cases, nascent or small populations of partially folded conformations could be detected. NOE patterns, coupling constants, and deviations from random coil Halpha chemical shift values complemented the CD data and confirmed that many of the peptides were helical in TFE and SDS micelles. In particular, the peptide corresponding to helix E in the native enzyme formed a well-defined helix in both TFE and SDS, indicating that helix E potentially forms an initiation site for T4 lysozyme folding. The data for the other peptides indicated that helices D, F, G, and H are dependent on tertiary interactions for their folding and/or stability. Overall, the results from this study, and those of our earlier studies, are in agreement with modeling and HD-deuterium exchange experiments, and support an hierarchical model of folding for T4 lysozyme.
Intestinal microbiota composition in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2019)

The relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms respectively showed decrease and increase tendency in patients with ALS.
A hierarchical position based routing scheme for data centric wireless sensor networks (2008)

We propose a novel, scalable, and distributed location aware routing protocol for low power data centric wireless sensor network applications. Based on self-location information and that of a sink node, the nodes assign themselves to rectangular clusters known by a cluster id. Routing on the basis of cluster ids instead of node ids reduces the routing information exchange to a great extent. The way, the cluster ids are assigned make the routing decisions inherently known and simple. Dynamic clustering architecture and data aggregation make it energy efficient. Although the protocol is developed for a real world application; wireless container management system, its important features like distributed nature, scalability, and hierarchical approach make it viable to be used in applications where nodes know their positions. The simulation results show that the proposed solution comes along with little protocol overhead in a fairly static network and the clustered architecture is energy efficient and scalable.
Design of a UHF applicator for rewarming of cryopreserved biomaterials (1992)

The dielectric properties of cryopreserved biological tissue are discussed in relation to the problems which arise when EM fields are used for rapid rewarming. The UHF band is favored from two aspects: the avoidance of thermal runaway and the uniformity of heating inhomogeneous material. Various resonant cavity applicators are considered for efficient and uniform rewarming. The square-aspect TE 111 cylindrical applicator is favored principally because it allows variation of the E-field orientation as required during the warming profile. An appropriate kidney phantom organ is described. It is used to obtain measured values of the overall efficiency of a TE 111 applicator. The efficiency values are found to fall steadily with increasing temperature from 85% at -40 degrees C to 45% at the phase change, mainly due to the decreasing tan delta value of the phantom material.
Report of the first workshop on the genetic map of bovine chromosome 1 (1998)

A report of the first workshop on the genetic map of bovine chromosome 23 (BTA23) is given.Five laboratories contributed data from 29 loci, including a total 11586 informative genotypes.The combined pedigrees represented 1930 potentially informative meioses.Eighteen of the 29 loci were common to two or more data sets and were used to construct a framework linkage map of BTA23.Twelve of the 18 could be ordered on the linkage map with a likelihood ratio of greater than 100O:l.Thus, a low resolution consensus map was constructed with a high level of support for order.The sex-averaged, female and male maps span 54.5, 52.7 and 55.8 cM, respectively.Sex-specific differences in recombination frequency were identified for eight pairs of framework loci.Average genetic distance between framework loci on the sex-averaged map is 5.0 cM.
Pediatric pedicle screw (In)accuracy based on postoperative computed tomography (2014)

Though pedicle screws are widely used in spinal stabilization, studies evaluating the variables affecting placement accuracy and effects of accuracy on outcome are limited. Using computed tomography (CT), we evaluated the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in pediatric and transitional patient populations. We evaluated screw placement in a series of 276 thoracic, lumbar, and sacral pedicle screws implanted in 41 patients with the assistance of fluoroscopy by a single surgeon at a single institution from September 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012. Postoperative CT was performed and each screw was graded based on relation to neurologic, osseous, and intra thoracic and intra-abdominal landmarks by an independent neuro radiologist: Grade I, entirely intra pedicular; Grade II, violates lateral pedicle but screw tip entirely within the vertebral body; Grade III, tip penetrates the anterior or lateral vertebral body; Grade IV, breaches medial or inferior pedicle; and Grade V, violates pedicle or vertebral body and threatens spinal cord, nerve root, or great vessels, requires immediate revision or removal. The accuracy rate (Grades I and II) was lower than expected (76.8%). Screw misplacements (Grades III, IV, and V) were numerous (23.2%), although the overall complication rate remained low. There was no statistically significant difference in pedicle screw accuracy as a function of surgeon experience, patient age, or patient diagnosis. This suggests the need for advanced intraoperative imaging, such as neuronavigation or CT, to aid placement of spinal instrumentation in the pediatric and transitional patient population. While postoperative CT should be considered gold standard for evaluating pedicle screw placement, further study is warranted to evaluate overall accuracy and assess the need for more extensive intraoperative imaging to improve accuracy.
Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action (2013)

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998-2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009-2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.
Optimizing stimulus energy for cochlear implants with a machine learning model of the auditory nerve (2023)

Performing simulations with a realistic biophysical auditory nerve fiber model can be very time-consuming, due to the complex nature of the calculations involved. Here, a surrogate (approximate) model of such an auditory nerve fiber model was developed using machine learning methods, to perform simulations more efficiently. Several machine learning models were compared, of which a Convolutional Neural Network showed the best performance. In fact, the Convolutional Neural Network was able to emulate the behavior of the auditory nerve fiber model with extremely high similarity (R<sup>2</sup>>0.99), tested under a wide range of experimental conditions, whilst reducing the simulation time by five orders of magnitude. In addition, a method for randomly generating charge-balanced waveforms using hyperplane projection is introduced. In the second part of this paper, the Convolutional Neural Network surrogate model was used by an Evolutionary Algorithm to optimize the shape of the stimulus waveform in terms of energy efficiency. The resulting waveforms resemble a positive Gaussian-like peak, preceded by an elongated negative phase. When comparing the energy of the waveforms generated by the Evolutionary Algorithm with the commonly used square wave, energy decreases of 8%-45% were observed for different pulse durations. These results were validated with the original auditory nerve fiber model, which demonstrates that the proposed surrogate model can be used as its accurate and efficient replacement.
π-Bond Screening in Benzonorbornadienes: The Role of 7-Substituents in Governing the Facial Selectivity for the Diels-Alder Reaction of Benzonorbornadienes with 3,6-Di(2-pyridyl)-s-Tetrazine (2001)

Benzonorbornadiene 21, 7-spirocyclopropylbenzonorbornadiene 23, 7,7-dimethylbenzonorbornadiene 25, and 7-spirocyclopentylbenzonorbornadiene 27 have been reacted with 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-s-tetrazine (rate: 21&gt;23&gt;25=27) to form symmetrical 4,5-dihydropyridazines which are stable towards fragmentation but rearrange with varying facility to their 1,4 isomers. The facial selectivity of attack on the π-bond changes from exo-attack for 21 and 23 to endo-attack for 25 and 27. The 7-spirocyclopropyl benzonorbornadiene 23 typically forms a mixture of dihydropyridazines with exo-stereochemistry, which undergo further stereochemical isomerisation to an exo-fused product upon acetylation (acetyl chloride in hot pyridine). Oxidation with DDQ of the dihydropyridazines individually or as mixtures gives the corresponding fused 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyridazines.
Metallacarboranes as Photoredox Catalysts in Water (2020)

Metallacarboranes with the shape of the Greek letter θ, such as [Co(C<sub>2</sub> B<sub>9</sub> H<sub>11</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> , were tested, for the first time, as efficient photoredox catalysts in the oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols in water. Their efficiency is linked to their high solubility in water, their high oxidizing power (Co<sup>4+/3+</sup> ), and their absence of fluorescence on excitation, among others. In most of the studied examples, using a catalyst load of 0.4 mol % gave high yields of 90-95 % with selectivity greater than 99 %. By reducing the catalyst load to 0.01 mol %, quantitative conversion of reactants to products was achieved, in some cases with greater than 99 % yield, high catalyst efficiency reaching a turnover number of 10 000, and a higher yield with a 45 times lower concentration of catalyst. The metallacarboranes can be recovered easily by precipitation on addition of [NMe<sub>4</sub> ]Cl. A pathway for the photoredox-catalyzed oxidation of alcohols is proposed.
Observation and control of the anomalous Aharonov-Bohm oscillation in enhanced-mode topological insulator nanowire field-effect transistors (2019)

Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon which reveals the coupling of electromagnetic potentials with the electron wave function, affecting the phase of the wave function. Such a quantum interference effect can be demonstrated through the magnetotransport measurement focusing on low-dimensional electronic states. Here, we report the experimental observation of anomalous AB oscillation in an enhanced-mode topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanowire field-effect transistor (FET) under strong surface disorder, which is different from the reported AB oscillation in topological insulator nanostructures. The surrounding gate of the nanowire FET gives rise to tunability of the chemical potential and introduces strong disorder on the surface states, leading to primary oscillation with an anomalous h/e period. Furthermore, the oscillation exhibits a significant dependence on the gate voltage which has been preliminary explained with the quantization of the surface conduction channel. The experimental demonstration can be very attractive for further exploration of quantum phase interference through electrical approaches, enabling applications in future information and electromagnetic sensing technology.
Blog Backlinks Malicious Domain Name Detection via Supervised Learning (2021)

Web spam is the unwanted request on websites, low-quality backlinks, emails, and reviews which is generated by an automated program. It is the big threat for website owners; because of it, they can lose their top keywords ranking from search engines, which will result in huge financial loss to the business. Over the years, researchers have tried to identify malicious domains based on specific features. However, lighthouse plugin, Ahrefs tool, and social media platforms features are ignored. In this paper, the authors are focused on detection of the spam domain name from a mixture of legit and spam domain name dataset. The dataset is taken from Google webmaster tools. Machine learning models are applied on individual, distributed, and hybrid features, which significantly improved the performance of existing malicious domain machine learning techniques. Better accuracy is achieved for support vector machine (SVM) classifier, as compared to Naïve Bayes, C4.5, AdaBoost, LogitBoost.
Posttranscriptional adaptations of the vascular endothelium to hypoxia (2015)

Taken together, these findings bear significant diagnostic and therapeutic implications for vascular disease.
CRAVE: a database, middleware and visualization system for phenotype ontologies (2004)

CRAVE is a web-accessible JAVA application that accesses an underlying MySQL database of ontologies via a JAVA persistent middleware layer (Chameleon). This maps the database tables into discrete JAVA classes and creates memory resident, interlinked objects corresponding to the ontology data. These JAVA objects are accessed via calls through the middleware's application programming interface. CRAVE allows simultaneous display and linking of multiple ontologies and searching using Boolean and advanced searches.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA from a human histone H2B gene which is reciprocally expressed in relation to replication-dependent H2B histone genes during HL60 cell differentiation (1991)

A variant human histone H2B cDNA (HHC289) has been cloned and characterized and shown to have a complex pattern of regulation with respect to the HeLa S3 cell cycle and HL60 cell differentiation. The H2B protein coding region of HHC289 is flanked at the 3' end by a 1798-nt nontranslated trailer that contains a region of hyphenated dyad symmetry and a poly(A) addition sequence, followed by a poly(A) tail. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis revealed a 2-fold increase in transcription of the HHC289 gene during S phase, in comparison to replication-dependent human histone genes which exhibit a 2-3-fold increase in transcription during S phase. Northern blot analysis indicated that the levels of the 2300-nt HHC289 mRNA species did not vary significantly during the HeLa S3 cell cycle, in comparison to replication-dependent H2B mRNAs which are elevated 15-fold during S phase. Northern blot analysis also revealed a reciprocal relationship during the onset of HL60 differentiation between the expression of the HHC289 H2B gene and the replication-dependent H2B genes. The levels of the 2300-nt HHC289 H2B species increased approximately 10-fold during HL60 cell differentiation whereas the levels of cell cycle dependent H2B mRNAs decreased to less than 1% of those in proliferating cells. These results suggest that complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms control cellular levels of mRNAs from various human H2B histone genes during progression through the cell cycle and at the onset of differentiation.
Caracterización clínica, sociodemográfica y determinación del impacto en la calidad de vida de pacientes con dermatitis atópica de la ciudad de Medellín y su área metropolitana (2021)

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a cutaneous, inflammatory, chronic disease, very frequent in the world and it imposes a high clinical and quality of life impact in patients. To date there are no local studies describing the general features in our population. Objective: To evaluate the socio demographic, clinical and life quality features in patients with atopic dermatitis from Medellín city and its metropolitan area. Materials and methods: cross sectional, descriptive study, that included patients who attended some teaching dermatological clinics. Data collection included sociodemographic and clinical features in addition to clinical issues and quality of life measurements. Results: A total of 13 patients were included. 36,3% manifested a sleeping disturbance, 38,1% attention deficit; 44,2% reported asthma in the childhood. EASI and SCORAD scores were 6,9 and 32,4, respectively, which indicates a mild-moderate compromise. Regarding quality of Life, Skindex-29 showed average scores for the symptomatic, emotional and functional dominions of 37,7, 25,09 and 16,9, respectively, and a total score of 24,78. In EQ-5D scores, the most altered component was the presence of pain or discomfort (17,6%) and the presence of anxiety or depression (12,1%), which enhances the symptomatic and emotional impact of the disease. Conclusion: These results confirm that patients with atopic dermatitis present similar features to those reported in other studies from different countries, highlighting the burden of the disease in adults and its impact in neuropsychiatric and emotional domains.
Regioselective Hydroformylation of Sulfonamides using a Scaffolding Ligand (2009)

A highly regioselective hydroformylation of allylic sulfonamides has been developed by employing a catalytic directing group. The reaction tolerates a wide range of electronically and sterically modified olefins, and only 10% of the scaffolding ligand is required to effectively control the regioselectivity.
Investigation of miniaturized radioisotope thermionic power generation for general use (2016)

Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) running off the radioisotope Pu<sup>238</sup> are the current standard in deep space probe power supplies. While reliable, these generators are very inefficient, operating at only ~7% efficiency. As an alternative, more efficient radioisotope thermionic emission generators (RTIGs) are being explored. Like RTGs, current RTIGs concepts use exotic materials for the emitter, limiting applicability to space and other niche applications. The high demand for long-lasting mobile power sources would be satisfied if RTIGs could be produced inexpensively. This work focuses on exposing several common materials, such as Al, stainless steel, W, Si, and Cu, to elevated temperatures under vacuum to determine the efficiency of each material as inexpensive replacements for thermoelectric materials.
Controlling bei EADS (2012)

Month by month, Controlling - Zeitschrift für erfolgsorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung publishes peer-reviewed, applied research contributions for business management, accounting and reporting. Key elements of succesful corporate controlling are presented in an analytic, well-structured manner.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND ISOMERIZATION REACTIONS OF 2‐NICKELAHYDRINDANES (1979)

Abstract Das Octadien (I) reagiert mit Nickelacyclopentan (II) unter Abspaltung von Ethylen zu dem Nickelkomplex (III), der Triphenylphosphin unter Bildung des Komplexes (IV) abspaltet.
Evaluating the spatio-temporal performance of sky-imager-based solar irradiance analysis and forecasts (2016)

Abstract. Clouds are the dominant source of small-scale variability in surface solar radiation and uncertainty in its prediction. However, the increasing share of solar energy in the worldwide electric power supply increases the need for accurate solar radiation forecasts. In this work, we present results of a very short term global horizontal irradiance (GHI) forecast experiment based on hemispheric sky images. A 2-month data set with images from one sky imager and high-resolution GHI measurements from 99 pyranometers distributed over 10 km by 12 km is used for validation. We developed a multi-step model and processed GHI forecasts up to 25 min with an update interval of 15 s. A cloud type classification is used to separate the time series into different cloud scenarios. Overall, the sky-imager-based forecasts do not outperform the reference persistence forecasts. Nevertheless, we find that analysis and forecast performance depends strongly on the predominant cloud conditions. Especially convective type clouds lead to high temporal and spatial GHI variability. For cumulus cloud conditions, the analysis error is found to be lower than that introduced by a single pyranometer if it is used representatively for the whole area in distances from the camera larger than 1–2 km. Moreover, forecast skill is much higher for these conditions compared to overcast or clear sky situations causing low GHI variability, which is easier to predict by persistence. In order to generalize the cloud-induced forecast error, we identify a variability threshold indicating conditions with positive forecast skill.
Conception des structures articulées à guidages flexibles de haute précision (2000)

LSRO