gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Boiling Surfaces Using Nanofluid Particle Deposition. (2010)

To meet increasing power demands across several industries, advanced thermal management systems based on boiling heat transfer have been proposed. Furthermore, nanofluids, a relatively new class of coolants created by suspending 1-100 nm sized particles in a base fluid, have been shown to improve a fluid’s thermal properties. This research focuses on two methods using nanofluids to deposit nanoparticles for the creation of enhanced surfaces for boiling heat transfer. Since many of these thermal management systems require a non-conductive fluid, the electrical conductivity of nanofluids is also studied. Pool boiling studies of nanofluids have demonstrated either enhanced or diminished boiling heat transfer, yet have been unable to distinguish the contributions of increased surface roughness and suppression of bubble transport by suspended particles. This uncertainty is resolved by studying the boiling performance of a surface exposed to a series of boiling tests that alternate between water and a water-based nanofluid. The boiling performance of the coated surfaces increases significantly with each cycle. The measured surface roughness of the intervening nanoparticle layers is used with a model to explain the measured increase in performance. The results demonstrate that the effect of increased surface roughness due to nanoparticle layering can enhance boiling for the base fluid. A novel method to create enhanced boiling surfaces is electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles from a nanofluid. A surface was coated using electrophoretic deposition from a ZnO-propylene glycol based nanofluid. With adequate coating time, such a surface modification method can increase the boiling heat transfer coefficient by about 200%, which was correlated to an increase in the nucleation site density. In addition, on chip cooling techniques require low conductivity coolants. However, the electrical conductivity of nanofluids has not been widely studied. The particle size and concentration effects on nanofluid electrical conductivity were experimentally investigated and compared to a model based on colloidal suspensions in a salt-free medium. The results showed the electrical conductivity increased with increasing volume fraction and decreasing particle size. At higher volume fractions, the increase of electrical conductivity begins to level off, which is attributed to ion condensation effects in the high surface charge regime.
Optimisation of SOA-REAMs for Hybrid DWDM-TDMA PON Applications (2011)

We show that loss optimised, gain saturated SOA REAM based reflective modulators have the potential to reduce upstream channel dynamic range by 18dB compared to fixed linear gain modulators in a carrier distributed PON application. This is achieved with minimal patterning penalties.
Operational Security Current Practices in Internet Service Provider Environments (2007)

This document is a survey of the current practices used in today's
large ISP operational networks to secure layer 2 and layer 3
infrastructure devices. The information listed here is the result of
information gathered from people directly responsible for defining and
implementing secure infrastructures in Internet Service Provider
environments. This memo provides information for the Internet
community.
HER2-targeting recombinant protein with truncated Pseudomonas Exotoxin: A translocation domain efficiently kills breast cancer cells (2008)

The second domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PEAII, residues 253-364) has been shown to facilitate translocation of extracellular and vesicular contents into the cytoplasm, and can transport heterologous molecules into target cells. Because full length PEAII may elicit a host immune response, we tried to identify the minimal PEAII translocation motif and use this fragment in combination with an antibody and constitutively active granzyme B (ImmunoGrB) to kill HER2-positive tumor cells. We constructed four ImmunoGrB fusion proteins containing different PEAII deletions and tested their abilities to kill HER2-positive cells. Our data showed that while a complete deletion of PEAII in ImmunoGrB resulted in an inability to kill cancer cells, ImmunoGrBs containing either PEAII (253-358aa) or PEAII (275-358aa) could efficiently kill HER2-positive SK-BR-3 cells. Most interestingly, the construct which contains only a furin cleavage site, named PEAII (275-280aa), could still induce SK-BR-3 apoptosis, although less efficiently. Moreover, delivery of the recombinant proteins by intramuscular plasmid injection led to an apparent tumor regression and prolonged animal survival in a nude mouse xenograft SK-BR-3 tumor model, indicating in vivo antitumor activity of the different PEAII containing ImmunoGrBs. Our results may help in understanding PEAII translocation and may lead to the development of useful tools or alternative therapy.
The isoflavone biochanin a inhibits the growth of the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae (2012)

Epidemiology and physiological consequences of chlamydial infections show these intracellular bacteria to have maintained their prevalence. Especially C. pneumoniae are able to confer to a treatment refractory chronic state of infection that cannot be eradicated with currently available therapeutic options. Here we report the effects of biochanin A on the growth of intracellular Chlamydia spp. It is the main flavonoid component of red clover (Trifolium pratense) extracts, which besides its estrogenic and antioxidative properties is known to potentiate the antibacterial effects of other chemical agents by inhibiting bacterial efflux pumps. We identified biochanin A as a hit compound in a high-content screen of purified natural products for C. trachomatis growth inhibitors. It was found to inhibit the replication of C. pneumoniae clinical strain K7 (IC50=12µM) and to prevent 100% of infectious progeny production at 50µM. Thus, biochanin A is a more potent inhibitor of C. pneumoniae than the related isoflavone genistein, which we have earlier shown to be only moderately active against this bacterium. Further, this data suggests that biochanin A acts as a direct growth inhibitor rather than an antibacterial potentiator against these pathogens.
Quantitative carotid PET/MR imaging: clinical evaluation of MR-Attenuation correction versus CT-Attenuation correction in (18)F-FDG PET/MR emission data and comparison to PET/CT. (2015)

Current PET/MR systems employ segmentation of MR images and subsequent assignment of empirical attenuation coefficients for quantitative PET reconstruction. In this study we examine the differences in the quantification of (18)F-FDG uptake in the carotid arteries between PET/MR and PET/CT scanners. Five comparisons were performed to asses differences in PET quantification: i) PET/MR MR-based AC (MRAC) versus PET/MR CTAC, ii) PET/MR MRAC versus PET/CT, iii) PET/MR MRAC with carotid coil versus PET/MR MRAC without coil, iv) PET/MR MRAC scan 2 versus PET/MR MRAC scan 1, and v) PET/MR CTAC versus PET/CT. Standardized uptakes values (SUV) mean and SUV maximum were calculated for six regions-of-interests: left and right carotid arteries, left and right lungs, spine and muscle. Pearson’s Correlation and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare SUV mean and maximum within each ROI of each patient. PET/MR emission data reconstructed with MRAC versus PET/MR emission data reconstructed with CTAC had percent differences of SUV mean ranging from -2.0% (Absolute Difference, -0.02) to 7.4% (absolute difference, 0.06). Percent differences within the carotid arteries proved to correlate well with differences of SUV mean of 5.4% (Absolute Difference, 0.07) in the left carotid and 2.7% (Absolute Difference, 0.03) in the right carotid. Pearson’s correlation and Bland-Altman of PET/MR with MRAC versus PET/MR with CTAC showed high correlation between SUV mean (R(2)=0.80, mean difference 0.03 ± 0.18 SUV, p=0.3382), demonstrating excellent correlation within ROIs analyzed. The results of this study support the use of (18)F-FDG PET/MR for quantitative measure of inflammation in the carotid arteries.
Integration of Postcoordination Content into a Clinical Interface Terminology to Support Administrative Coding (2019)

We have demonstrated the design and development of what, to our knowledge, is the first system that uses postcoordination to capture ICD-10-CM-relevant details in a CIT while also reflecting the details added by the user in maps to other vocabularies.
Neuroanatomical Segmentation in MRI: Technological Objectives (1997)

This paper offers a definition of precise, comprehensive, robust and practical neuroanatomical segmentation in magnetic resonance brain images with the goal of performing quantitative morphometric analyses. The main types of difficulties experienced with such problems are described, including those relating to the classification of MR signal intensities and the fact that there is insufficient information in the 2D image. To illustrate the details of obtaining a morphometric description, a case study of semi-automated methods is presented for segmenting the lateral ventricles and caudate nucleus in T1 coronal MR image data. The most significant remaining difficulties are summarized and are offered as objectives for further research.
Antidepressant and anxiolytic‐like effects in mice lacking the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 (2003)

Glutamatergic neurotransmission has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. Of all glutamate receptors, the role of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, mGluR8) in such disorders is the least investigated because of the lack of specific pharmacological tools. To this end, we examined the behavioural profiles of mice with a targeted deletion of the gene for mGluR7 (mGluR7-/-) in animal models of depression and anxiety. mGluR7-/- mice were compared with wild-type (mGluR7+/+) littermates and showed substantially less behavioural immobility in both the forced swim test and the tail suspension test. Both behavioural paradigms are widely used to predict antidepressant-like activity. Further, mGluR7-/- mice displayed anxiolytic activity in four different behavioural tests, i.e. the light-dark box, the elevated plus maze, the staircase test, and the stress-induced hyperthermia test, while their cognitive performance was normal in the passive avoidance paradigm. Analysis of locomotor activity in a novel environment demonstrated that mGluR7-/- mice were slightly more active in the initial minutes following placement in the chamber only. Together, these data suggest that mGluR7 may play a pivotal role in mechanisms that regulate behavioural responses to aversive states. Therefore, drugs acting at mGluR7 may provide novel treatments for psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety.
Solving the Linear Balance Equation on the Globe as a Generalized Inverse Problem (1999)

A generalized (pseudo) inverse technique was developed to facilitate a better understanding of the numerical effects of tropical singularities inherent in the spectral linear balance equation (LBE). Depending upon the truncation, various levels of determinancy are manifest. The traditional fully-determined (FD) systems give rise to a strong response, while the under-determined (UD) systems yield a weak response to the tropical singularities. The over-determined (OD) systems result in a modest response and a large residual in the tropics. The FD and OD systems can be alternatively solved by the iterative method. Differences in the solutions of an UD system exist between the inverse technique and the iterative method owing to the non- uniqueness of the problem. A realistic balanced wind was obtained by solving the principal components of the spectral LBE in terms of vorticity in an intermediate resolution. Improved solutions were achieved by including the singular-component solutions which best fit the observed wind data.
Catalytic Decomposition of Methane over La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Supported Mono- and Bimetallic Catalysts (2014)

Catalytic decomposition of methane was investigated over nickel and cobalt based mono-and bimetallic catalysts for the production of hydrogen and filamentous carbon. Catalysts with different Ni to Co ratios supported on La 2 O 3 were prepared by co-precipitation method. The activity test and characterization results revealed that the catalyst containing 15wt% Ni and 10wt% Co over La 2 O 3 support presented relatively better catalytic performance among all the tested catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by BET, TGA and temperature programmed reduction (TPR).
Zinc: An important cofactor in haemostasis and thrombosis (2013)

There is mounting evidence that zinc, the second most abundant transition metal in blood, is an important mediator of haemostasis and thrombosis. Prompted by the observation that zinc deficiency is associated with bleeding and clotting abnormalities, there now is evidence that zinc serves as an effector of coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. Zinc binds numerous plasma proteins and modulates their structure and function. Because activated platelets secrete zinc into the local microenvironment, the concentration of zinc increases in the vicinity of a thrombus. Consequently, the role of zinc varies depending on the microenvironment; a feature that endows zinc with the capacity to spatially and temporally regulate haemostasis and thrombosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which zinc regulates coagulation, platelet aggregation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis and outlines how zinc serves as a ubiquitous modulator of haemostasis and thrombosis.
Transplantation of Whole Kidney Marrow in Adult Zebrafish (2007)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a rare population of pluripotent cells that maintain all the differentiated blood lineages throughout the life of an organism. The functional definition of a HSC is a transplanted cell that has the ability to reconstitute all the blood lineages of an irradiated recipient long term. This designation was established by decades of seminal work in mammalian systems. Using hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and reverse genetic manipulations in the mouse, the underlying regulatory factors of HSC biology are beginning to be unveiled, but are still largely under-explored. Recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful genetic model to study vertebrate hematopoiesis. Establishing HCT in zebrafish will allow scientists to utilize the large-scale genetic and chemical screening methodologies available in zebrafish to reveal novel mechanisms underlying HSC regulation. In this article, we demonstrate a method to perform HCT in adult zebrafish. We show the dissection and preparation of zebrafish whole kidney marrow, the site of adult hematopoiesis in the zebrafish, and the introduction of these donor cells into the circulation of irradiated recipient fish via intracardiac injection. Additionally, we describe the post-transplant care of fish in an "ICU" to increase their long-term health. In general, gentle care of the fish before, during, and after the transplant is critical to increase the number of fish that will survive more than one month following the procedure, which is essential for assessment of long term (<3 month) engraftment. The experimental data used to establish this protocol will be published elsewhere. The establishment of this protocol will allow for the merger of large-scale zebrafish genetics and transplant biology.
Advances in Manufacturing Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2022)

The emergence of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over the past two decades has provided a source of normal and diseased human cells for a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo applications. Notably, hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are widely used to model human heart development and disease and are in clinical trials for treating heart disease. The success of hPSC-CMs in these applications requires robust, scalable approaches to manufacture large numbers of safe and potent cells. Although significant advances have been made over the past decade in improving the purity and yield of hPSC-CMs and scaling the differentiation process from 2D to 3D, efforts to induce maturation phenotypes during manufacturing have been slow. Process monitoring and closed-loop manufacturing strategies are just being developed. We discuss recent advances in hPSC-CM manufacturing, including differentiation process development and scaling and downstream processes as well as separation and stabilization.
PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS ARE RESTRICTED TO FEW SPECIES AMONG AUSTRALIA'S TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF CULTURED MICROALGAE1 (2003)

There are at least 40,000 species of microalgae in the aquatic environment. Fifteen species of marine dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria are known to produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and represent a threat to human and/or livestock health. Although known toxic species are regularly monitored, the wider cross‐section of microalgae has not been systematically tested for PSTs. Advances in rapid screening techniques have resulted in the development of highly sensitive and specific methods to detect PSTs, including the sodium channel and saxiphilin binding assays. These assays were used in this study in 96‐well formats to screen 234 highly diverse isolates of Australian freshwater and marine microalgae for PSTs. The screening assays detected five toxic species, representing one freshwater cyanobacterium ( Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst) and four species of marine dinoflagellates ( Alexandrium minutum Halim, A. catenella Balech, A. tamarense Balech, and Gymnodinium catenatum Graham). Liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detection was used to identify 14 saxitoxin analogues across the five species, and each species exhibited distinct toxin profiles. These results indicate that PST production is restricted to a narrow range of microalgal species found in Australian waters.
Photoreactivity of Si(111)−H in Ambient (2006)

Second harmonic generation rotational anisotropy (SHG-RA) provides a convenient means to monitor the chemical state of the Si surfaces and to follow the conversion of a H-terminated surface to SiO2 by oxidation as a function of time in ambient. SHG at 800 nm is sensitive to changes in the surface electronic properties induced by oxidation, and it probes both the initial stage of oxidation and the logarithmic oxide growth. We found that intense, ultrashort (4 ps) 800 nm laser pulses accelerate the initial stage of oxidation of Si(111)−H in ambient. The cross-section of the photoinduced process was found to be (1.7 ± 0.5) × 10-23 cm2. A mechanism involving drift of photoexcited electrons toward the surface is proposed to explain the photooxidation.
Engineering Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel Nanoparticles Entrapping Hemoglobin as a Novel Type of Oxygen Carrier (2005)

Temperature-sensitive oxygen carriers that are responsive to changes in temperature while maintaining colloidal stability would benefit physiological conditions characterized by tissue hypoxia due to decreased body temperature. These conditions are often accompanied with reduced blood flow and vasoconstriction. Temperature-sensitive oxygen carriers should ideally possess increased oxygen affinity when the body temperature is reduced, to selectively target tissues that are hypoxic as a result of temperature drops. This study expands on previous work, which introduced hydrogel based oxygen carriers as a new class of oxygen carrier that can be synthesized within liposomal reactors via photoinitiated free radical polymerization [Patton, J. N.; Palmer, A. F. Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 414-24]. In addition to the ability of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel nanoparticles encapsulating bovine hemoglobin to swell and shrink in response to physiological changes in temperature, the effect of temperature changes on zeta potential, oxygen affinity, and cooperativity are also examined. The methemoglobin level and hemoglobin encapsulation efficiency of hydrogel-based oxygen carriers are also presented. It was observed that nanoscale hydrogel particles swelled as the temperature decreased from 40 to 29 degrees C, which suggests expansion of the hydrogel matrix and reduced resistance to oxygen transport.
Mechanically Assisted Crevice Corrosion Damage in Shoulder Arthroplasty Is Comparable to Hip Arthroplasty (2015)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of taper damage in retrieved modular shoulder arthroplasty components. We matched this cohort with historical and contemporary total hip replacements. The components were matched primarily for implantation time, but also for alloy combination (mixed versus similar) and patient age (as a proxy for patient activity), when available. Modular components were evaluated for mechanically assisted crevice corrosion using a semiquantitative four-point scoring system. In total, 92 anatomical humeral heads and 67 associated stems with an average implantation time of 4.6 ± 4.3 years were analyzed. Additionally, 79 femoral heads and 61 associated stems with an average implantation time of 4.5 ± 4.4 years were matched to shoulder components and analyzed. Design and patient factors were assessed as potential predictors of taper damage. Evidence of damage was observed on 46 % of humeral heads and 66 % of the humeral stems. In the hips, 47 % of femoral heads and 44 % of femoral stems had evidence of damage. Mixed alloy pairs (p &amp;lt; 0.0001; stem side only), taper rigidity (p &amp;lt; 0.0001), and implantation time (p = 0.01) were associated with taper corrosion. The results from this study supported the prevalence of taper damage that is similar between anatomical shoulder and conventional hip arthroplasty. The clinical implications of these findings have not yet been determined.
Supplementary Material from Novel Intergenically Spliced Chimera, <i>NFATC3-PLA2G15</i>, Is Associated with Aggressive T-ALL Biology and Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Tables, figures and references.&lt;/p&gt;
Study on Fault Diagnosis of Fuel Injection Based on Vibration Signal Analysis of High-pressure Fuel Injection Pipe (2009)

An accurate fuel injection advance angle is an important parameter to obtain better fuel combustion index and emissionindex. Fuel injection advance angle is always deranged because of the wear of the injection nozzle matching parts,which has serious impact on diesel engine performance. How to measure the fuel injection advance angle easily andaccurately is a problem for fault diagnosis of high-pressure fuel injection pipe. In this paper, the vibration signals ofhigh-pressure fuel injection pipes’ nozzle of different cylinders with different fuel injection advance angles weremeasured by external oil pressure sensor. Through the theoretical analyzing and calculating the above-mentionedexperimental data, the characteristic curves were established, which described the relationship between the fuelinjection advance angles and the vibration characteristic quantities of high-pressure fuel injection pipes’ nozzle. Thecharacteristic curves were the judgment basis of fuel injection system fault diagnosis. It can be applied to diagnose thefault that caused by fuel injection advance angle change which induced by improper adjustment and matching partsabrasion.