gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large Electrocaloric Responsivity and Energy Storage Response in the Lead-Free Ba(GexTi1−x)O3 Ceramics (2022)

Ferroelectric property that induces electrocaloric effect was investigated in Ba(Ge<i><sub>x</sub></i>Ti<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)O<sub>3</sub> ceramics, known as BTGx. X-ray diffraction analysis shows pure perovskite phases in tetragonal symmetry compatible with the <i>P</i>4<i>mm</i> (No. 99) space group. Dielectric permittivity exhibits first-order ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition, confirmed by specific heat measurements, similar to that observed in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (BTO) crystal. Curie temperature varies weakly as a function of Ge-content. Using the direct and indirect method, we confirmed that the adiabatic temperature change Δ<i>T</i> reached its higher value of 0.9 K under 8 kV/cm for the composition BTG6, corresponding to an electrocaloric responsivity Δ<i>T</i><i>/</i>Δ<i>E</i> of 1.13 × 10<sup>-6</sup> K.m/V. Such electrocaloric responsivity significantly exceeds those obtained so far in other barium titanate-based lead-free electrocaloric ceramic materials. Energy storage investigations show promising results: stored energy density of ~17 mJ/cm<sup>3</sup> and an energy efficiency of ~88% in the composition BTG5. These results classify the studied materials as candidates for cooling devices and energy storage applications.
Exploratory search and HCI (2007)

The model of search as a turn-taking dialogue between the user and an intermediary has remained unchanged for decades. However, there is growing interest within the search community in evolving this model to support search-driven information exploration activities. So-called "exploratory search" describes a class of search activities that move beyond fact retrieval toward fostering learning, investigation, and information use. Exploratory search interaction focuses on the user-system communication essential during exploratory search processes. Given this user-centered focus, the CHI conference is an ideal venue to discuss mechanisms to support exploratory search behaviors. Specifically, this workshop aims to gather researchers, academics, and practitioners working in human-computer interaction, information retrieval, and other related disciplines, for a discussion of the issues relating to the design and evaluation of interfaces to help users explore, learn, and use information. These are important issues with far-reaching implications for how many computer users accomplish their tasks.
Effect of inactivated cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on subclinical mastitis quarter milk microbiota (2018)

Water buffaloes mastitis represents a major issue in terms of animal health, cost of therapy, premature culling and decreased milk yeld. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to investigate strategies in order to avoid or minimize the antibiotic use, especially during subclinical mastitis disease (SM) (1). Lactobacillus rhamnosus is part of the normal gut microflora, having meanwhile an immunostimulatory activity (2). The aim of this study was to investigate the change of milk microbiota after the theraputic treatment with inactivated cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus of mammary gland quarters affected by subclinical mastitis. A number of 43 quarters were included in the study, and were treated with antibiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and PBS as negative control. Samples were collected at two time points, T0 and T5 (days) and V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced using Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. The microbiota structure of SM quarters showed no major changes after PBS treatment, while differed after antibiotic treatment where Staphylococcus decreased its relative abundance from 41% at T0 to 3% at T5. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced a less dramatic change in milk microbiota, although the relative abundance of some genera were found to be modifidied, among which an increase of Pseudomonas from 1.5% at T0 up to 4% at T5. No differences were present between the microbiota structure of quarters treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and PBS. This study allowed to characterize the changes of microbiota in milk from animals with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and antibiotics. While changes in milk microbiota after antibiotic treatment were evident, changes after Lactobacillus rhamnosus were more limited. Further investigations are needed to evaluate alternative strategies to mastitis treatment.
Poster — Thur Eve — 22: A water calorimeter for low‐energy particle beams (2014)

In this work, the feasibility of absolute dose to water measurements in low‐energy electron beams using a water calorimeter specifically developed for shallow measurements is established. The calorimeter design consists of a cylindrical glass vessel encased in a block of expanded polystyrene. The vessel has a front window thickness of 1.1 mm, a 4 cm radius, and is 2.5 cm in depth. The vessel‐block assembly sits inside a thermally‐insulated box and is air‐cooled to an operating temperature of 4 °C. Radiation‐induced thermal gradients were simulated in a geometric model of the calorimeter using a finite element analysis software package. 52 absorbed dose to water measurements were performed in a 6 and 8 MeV electron beam ( z max of 1.32 and 1.76 cm, respectively) for 60 seconds at a repetition rate of 400 MU/min and an SSD of 120 cm. Within the vessel, the depth of measurement was set to 1.08 cm relative to the inner front window. The average measured dose to water was 59.6 ± 0.2 cGy/100 MU (6 MeV), and 63.7 ± 0.3 cGy/100 MU (8 MeV). The associated heat transfer corrections were determined to be 1.026 ± 0.003 and 1.017 ± 0.004 for the 6 and 8 MeV beams, respectively. The most significant source of uncertainty in this study was the repeatability (type A, 0.42%). It is expected that performing fewer consecutive measurements under higher dose rate conditions will improve the stability of the thermal background, thereby improving the repeatability and reducing the overall standard uncertainty.
Using Hydrogen To Expand the Inherent Substrate Selectivity Window During Tungsten Atomic Layer Deposition (2015)

Area-selective thin film deposition is expected to be important in achieving sub-10 nm semiconductor devices, enabling feature patterning, alignment to underlying structures, and edge definition. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers advantages over common chemical vapor deposition methods, such as precise thickness control and excellent conformality. Furthermore, several ALD processes show inherent propensity for substrate-dependent nucleation. For example, tungsten ALD using SiH4 (or Si2H6) and WF6 is more energetically favorable on Si than on SiO2, but selectivity is often lost after several ALD cycles. We show that modifying the W ALD process chemistry can decrease the W nucleation rate on SiO2, thereby expanding the ALD “selectivity window”. Specifically, we find that adding H2 during the WF6 dose step helps passivate SiO2 against W nucleation without modifying W growth on silicon. Surface characterization confirms that H2 promotes fluorine passivation of SiO2, likely through surface reactions with HF produced in the gas phase. This passivation affords at least 10 additional W ALD cycles, corresponding to ∼6 nm of additional W growth, before substantial nucleation occurs on SiO2. We show that reactant modification also reduces undesirable nucleation due to substrate proximity or loading effects in patterned film growth. Further understanding of ALD reaction chemistry and film nucleation will lead to improved selective metal and dielectric film deposition, enabling ALD bottom-up patterning.
[Using polymerase chain reaction for the detection of gonorrhoea in women and children in Taiyuan]. (1997)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was established for the detection of gonococcal gene in samples obtained from women and children with lower genital tract infection. The primers were used for PCR amplification derived from sequence for DNA representing part of the open reading frame (ORF) for the chromosome of N. gonorrhoea. In this study, a total number of 9204 specimens were obtained from women and children with lower genital tract infection from 1986 to 1995 in Taiyuan. The positive rate of N. gonorrhoea for Gram's stain of smears was 26.5% while the rates for culture and PCR were 12.4% and 21.0%, respectively. The results showed that PCR test was simple, rapid sensitive and specific for the detection of gonococcal gene in clinical specimens.
Chemical and Structural Studies of Rhenium(V) Oxyhalide Complexes. III. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tetraphenylarsonium Oxotetrabromoacetonitrilerhenate(V) (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical and Structural Studies of Rhenium(V) Oxyhalide Complexes. III. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tetraphenylarsonium Oxotetrabromoacetonitrilerhenate(V)F. A. Cotton and Stephen J. LippardCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 3, 416–423Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50037a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50037a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction:  Antibiotic Resistance (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: Antibiotic ResistanceWalsh and WrightView Author Information Harvard Medical School McMaster University Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 2, 391–394Publication Date (Web):February 9, 2005Publication History Published online9 February 2005Published inissue 1 February 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030100yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030100yeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views20910Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (89 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antibiotic resistance,Antimicrobial agents,Bacteria,Genetics,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Retinal in bacteriorhodopsin and related molecular models investigated with Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations (2011)

Abstract A first‐principles assisted study of the Raman spectrum associated with the photoactive chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) allowed the elucidation of the effective coupling existing between the π electrons of the retinylidene chromophore and the local environment of the Schiff base. The role of the counter‐ion on the electronic and vibrational structure of the chromophore is investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Several molecular models of the retinylidene chromophore interacting with different counter‐ions facing the Schiff base have been considered. The counter‐ion induces a strong modulation of the position of both the UV–vis absorption maximum and the strong Raman active collective CC stretching mode, related to the effective conjugation coordinate (ECC). Experimental Raman and UV–vis absorption data are interpreted in the light of these theoretical findings. The data collected in this paper provide an interesting accumulation of points along the optical gap versus ECC wavenumber relationship. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Association-Induced Emission Shifts for E/Z Isomers and Selective Sensing of Nitroaromatic Explosives (2018)

Two 1,2-disubstituted tetraphenylethene E/Z isomers, each containing two cyano functional groups, were successfully synthesized and characterized. Unlike conventional tetraphenylethene molecules, the two isomers possess unique aggregation induced emission red-shift and enhancement behavior. Interestingly, the crystalline solids of these two isomers show distinct emission maxima, which are more than 50 nm apart from each other. These two isomers can selectively detect nitroaromatics, showing a quenching efficiency of picric acid more than 100 times higher than other nitroaromatics. The structural characterization, absorption, and emission in solutions as well as DFT calculations were conducted to help us gain deep insights into the chemistry of these species.
Comparación Entre La Composición Química Y Las Propiedades Antiinflamatorias Del Sebo De Carnero De Origen Cubano Y Del Sahara (2013)

Según CLAUS y TYLER, 1998, el sebo de carnero, corresponde a la grasa interna del abdomen de la oveja Ovisaries L (Fam. Bóvidae, purificada por fusión y filtrado que contiene entre 70-80 % de la mezcla de ácido esteárico y ácido palmítico y 20-30 % de ácido oleico con propiedades emolientes y uso como base para ungüentos que necesitan más consistencia que la obtenida con otros ingredientes utilizados con estos fines. En Cuba, se utiliza en fricciones para aliviar procesos inflamatorios según la medicina tradicional, por lo que se decidió realizar una comparación entre el sebo procedente de Cuba con el sebo obtenido de la región del Sahara donde tiene el mismo uso popular y evaluar en ambos su composición química así como el efecto antiinflamatorio popularmente descrito para los mismos. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis por CG-EM de las muestras transmetiladas. El sebo procedente de Cuba tiene un 49,8 % de ácidos grasos saturados frente a 59,3 % el del Sahara y 36,1 % y 27,7 % de ácidos grasos insaturados respectivamente. Comparando con la indometacina, utilizada como control positivo, en el ensayo de la inducción de la inflamación por carragenina, se encontró que el sebo procedente de Cuba tiene aproximadamente 40 % menos de actividad antiinflamatoria que el procedente del Sahara e igual resultado que la indometacina utilizada como control positivo.
Trichoderma asperellum biocontrol activity and induction of systemic defenses against Sclerotium cepivorum in onion plants under tropical climate conditions (2019)

The biocontrol potential of three native Costa Rican Trichoderma asperellum strains has been evaluated against the necrotrophic ascomycete Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of onion (Allium cepa L.) white rot. In Costa Rica, where climatic conditions enhance the development of this pathogen, white rot reduces onion yields up to 50% of total harvest. In our study, the three T. asperellum strains tested in in vitro assays showed their capacity to antagonize S. cepivorum, with BCC1 displaying percentages of colony growth inhibition of the pathogen of 81 and 90% in dual culture and cellophane membrane assays, respectively. In addition, this Trichoderma strain was able to reduce a 74% the plant mortality compared to untreated plants under greenhouse conditions. In field trials, carried out in two consecutive harvest years and in two different tropical locations, the two tested dosages of T. asperellum BCC1 reduced the incidence of white rot in a 3.41% for the lowest dose and 3.61% for the highest dose when compared to onion plants treated with chemical fungicides. Additionally, a significantly increase of 20.4% in onion bulb yield was recorded for the highest dose of BCC1. The potential of T. asperellum BCC1 to induce systemic defenses in onion plants against S. cepivorum was evaluated for four onion defense marker genes in a 21-day time course study by quantitative real-time PCR and using onion plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The expression profile of AcPR1 and AcPAL1, characterized by being undulating, indicates an initial activation of salicylic acid-dependent defense pathways (1 and 7 days) by T. asperellum BCC1 when either applied alone or in combination with the pathogen, while the up-regulation of AcEIN3 observed in those same treatments at day 21 revealed the activation of ethylene-dependent defense pathways by this Trichoderma strain. T. asperellum BCC1 exerts efficient biocontrol against S. cepivorum and activates onion systemic defenses against this pathogen under greenhouse conditions, while it reduces onion white rot incidence and increases crop yield in field trials performed under Costa Rica’s tropical climate conditions.
Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Regeneration (2005)

As a result of periodontal regeneration research, a series of clinical techniques have emerged that permit tissue engineering to be performed for more efficient regeneration and repair of periodontal defects and improved implant site development. Historically, periodontal regeneration research has focused on a quest for "magic filler" material. This search has led to the development of techniques utilizing autologous bone and bone marrow, allografts, xenografts, and various man-made bone substitutes. Though these techniques have had limited success, the desire for a more effective regenerative approach has resulted in the development of tissue engineering techniques. Tissue engineering is a relatively new field of reconstructive biology which utilizes mechanical, cellular, or biologic mediators to facilitate reconstruction/regeneration of a particular tissue. In periodontology, the concept of tissue engineering had its beginnings with guided tissue regeneration, a mechanical approach utilizing nonresorbable membranes to obtain regeneration in defects. In dental implantology, guided bone regeneration membranes +/- mechanical support are used for bone augmentation of proposed implant placement sites. With the availability of partially purified protein mixture from developing teeth and growth factors from recombinant technology, a new era of tissue engineering whereby biologic mediators can be used for periodontal regeneration. The advantage of recombinant growth factors is this tissue engineering device is consistent in its regenerative capacity, and variations in regenerative response are due to individual healing response and/or poor surgical techniques. In this article, the authors review how tissue engineering has advanced and discuss its impact on the clinical management of both periodontal and osseous defects in preparation for implant placement. An understanding of these new tissue engineering techniques is essential for comprehending today's ever-expanding oral plastic surgery procedures.
Neoglycolipid analogs of ganglioside GM1 as functional receptors of cholera toxin (1991)

We synthesized several lipid analogues of ganglioside GM1 by attaching its oligosaccharide moiety (GM1OS) to aminophospholipids, aliphatic amines, and cholesteryl hemisuccinate. We incubated GM1-deficient rat glioma C6 cells with each of the derivatives as well as native GM1 and assayed the cells for their ability to bind and respond to cholera toxin. On the basis of the observed increase in binding of 125I-labeled cholera toxin, it was apparent that the cells took up and initially incorporated most of the derivatives into the plasma membrane. In the case of the aliphatic amine derivatives, the ability to generate new toxin binding sites was dependent on chain length; whereas the C10 derivative was ineffective, C12 and higher analogues were effective. Increased binding was dependent on both the concentration of the neoglycolipid in the medium and the time of exposure. Cells pretreated with the various derivatives accumulated cyclic AMP in response to cholera toxin, but there were differences in their effectiveness. The cholesterol and long-chain aliphatic amine derivatives were more effective than native GM1, whereas the phospholipid derivatives were less effective. The distance between GM1OS and the phospholipid also appeared to influence its functional activity. The neoglycolipid formed by cross-linking the amine of GM1OS to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with disuccinimidyl suberate was less effective than the neoglycolipid formed by directly attaching GM1OS to PE by reductive amination. Furthermore, insertion of a C8 spacer in the former neoglycolipid rendered it even less effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genomic and clinical characteristics of microduplications in chromosome 17 (2010)

Genomic disorders have been increasingly recognized as a significant source of clinically relevant phenotypes largely fostered by advances in technologies for genome-wide analyses. Molecular and clinical studies of copy number variants involving chromosome 17 began with locus-specific studies of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A, OMIM #118220) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP, OMIM #162500), which laid the foundation for the paradigm of duplication/deletion and gene-dosage for our understanding of genomic disorders. With the clinical introduction of high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) the number of recognized genomic disorders including microduplications has been increasing rapidly. A relatively high proportion of disease-associated copy number variants map to chromosome 17. This may result from its unique structural features, such as relative abundance of segmental duplications and interspersed repetitive elements, high gene content, and the presence of dosage-sensitive genes. These genomic rearrangements are mediated by diverse mechanisms including Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR), Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ), and Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS). We provide specific examples of chromosome 17 microduplications with the emphasis on their phenotype, specific clinical features aiding in their diagnosis, and counseling.