gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery of copper (II) absorbed in biomass of Cladosporium cladosporioides (2013)

The biosorption process, characterized by the use of biomass for removing metals from aqueous solutions, is an attractive technology using inactive and dead biomasses to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions in the absence of metabolic activity necessary for intracellular accumulation. The desorption process, which concentrates the metal previously absorbed for possible reuse, is also important. The desorption of copper (Cu) (II) associated with the biomass of Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fres) de Vries was evaluated following the biosorption process (adsorption). Specifically, four eluents were used (all at a concentration 0.1 mol L-1), sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetate disodium and calcium chloride, as well as the recovery of Cu (II) desorbed as copper sulfate. After 120 h, 97 % of Cu in solution had been adsorbed. C. cladosporioides can efficiently adsorb Cu (II). Further, 0.1 mol L-1 sulfuric acid was viable and the most efficient for the desorption of the absorbed metal, while ensuring viability of C. cladosporioides after desorption, which is important for the reuse of the biomass in cycles of sorption-desorption.
The Role of Time-Lapse Microscopy in Stem Cell Research and Therapy (2010)

Stem cell therapy holds enormous potential for treating a wide range of genetic and sporadic degenerative disorders. However, one of the major hurdles facing stem cell therapy is the ability to assess cell fate or outcome prior to transplantation. Recent studies have shown that time-lapse microscopy may be a useful tool to assess cell fate via observation of dynamic behavior at the single-cell and population levels. The ideal embodiment of time-lapse microscopy would be a high-throughput, noninvasive device that can identify stem cells that form nontumorigenic differentiated progeny capable of integration into mature tissues. Such technologies are on the horizon and hold promise for clinical and therapeutic applications.
Plantas do cerrado brasileiro com atividade contra Mycobacterium fortuitum (2014)

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly-growing species of bacteria, ubiquitous in the environment and related to important human mycobacterioses. It has been isolated from blood, abscesses, the endocardium and surgical and traumatic wounds. This mycobacterium is hard to treat, being recognized in the literature as resistant even to the drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to screen extracts prepared from plants of the Brazilian cerrado (extended savanna-like belt) with known activity against M. fortuitum, employing the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) as the analytical method. Out of 26 extracts tested against M. fortuitum, the nonpolar extract of Quassia amara (in methylene dichloride) gave the best result (MIC 62.5μg/ mL), followed by the nonpolar extracts of Syngonanthus macrolepsis, Davilla elliptica and Turnera ulmifolia, with equal MICs of 125μg/ml. The polar extracts (in ethanol and methanol) obtained from the same plants were considered inactive, since the MIC values determined were above 500μg/mL and not significantly different from those of extracts from other plants, without known activity.
[Application of the duplex-specific nuclease preference method to the analysis of point mutations in human genes]. (2006)

A new modification of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis (DSNP, duplex-specific nuclease preference) method using the duplex-specific nuclease from the king crab was proposed. The method was used to study SNPs in the following human genes: kRAS, nRAS, hRAS, and p53, the genes of blood coagulation factor V, methyltetrahydrofolate reductase, prothrombin, and apolipoprotein E and a deletion in the BRCA1 gene. DSNP was shown to be useful for the estimation of the mutant allele content in DNA samples. A system for the simultaneous identification of several adjacent single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the kRAS gene was proposed. The approaches could be used to develop test systems for the detection of SNPs in human genes. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2005, vol. 31, no. 6; see also http://www.maik.ru.
Zero Tillage and Surface Layer Liming Promising Technique to Reduce Clay Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loading (2006)

The effects of surface layer liming and boardmill sludge on the erosion and phosphorus (P)concentration of runoff water on clayey soils with different tillage intensity was examined in rainfall simulationexperiments. For laboratory study, undisturbed soil samples were taken from two field experiments located onclayey soils (Typic Cryaquept). Four replicate samples were taken from autumn ploughing (AP), autumnstubble cultivation (ASC) and zero tillage (ZT) treatments established five years before soil sampling. On onefield, there were also two boardmill sludge treatments: 0 or 20 Mg ha-1 (dry matter) sludge was spread on soilsurface five year before soil sampling. In laboratory, a doze of 5 Mg h-1 of lime was given on the surface ofsamples not given the boardmill sludge. The intensity of simulated rainfall was 5 mm h1. According to the firstresults, the liming of soil surface layer reduced concentration of eroded material in the surface runoff from eachtillage treatment. It seems also that the boardmill sludge, containing both organic materials and lime, haspotential to decrease the particulate and dissolved P concentration of percolation runoff from ASC and ZTtreatments several years after the application of sludge. Future soil management studies should be focused onexamining the combined effects of conservation tillage and different soil improvement materials on agriculturalerosion and phosphorus loading in field scale.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Maricite and Sodium Iron(III) Hydroxyphosphate (1998)

Maricite and sodium iron hydroxyphosphate (SIHP) are recently discovered iron(II) and iron(III) compounds that play a major role in phosphate “hideout” and corrosion in high-pressure boilers. This paper reports a novel method for synthesizing maricite by thermally decomposing the complex of aqueous iron(III) nitrilotriacetic acid at 200 °C and methods for the hydrothermal synthesis of SIHP from Fe3O4 or FePO4. The crystal structure of maricite is identical to the impure natural mineral (Le Page Y.; Donnay G. Can. Mineral. 1977, 15, 518−521). The X-ray diffraction pattern of SIHP is consistent with an orthorhombic unit cell containing 8 units of formula Na3Fe(PO4)2·(Na2(1-x)H2xO), with x = 0.226 ± 0.025. This is similar, but not identical, to the formula Na4Fe(OH)(PO4)2·1/3NaOH proposed by Ziemniak and Opalka (Proc. Sixth Int. Symp. on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power SystemsWater Reactors; Gold, R. E., Simonen, E. P., Eds.; Mater., Metals, Minerals Soc., 1993; pp 929−935.). The main structural feature is a chain of iron(III) ions linked by bridging oxygens and phosphate bridges. The iron phosphate chains are held together by sodium ions in the ratio 3Na/Fe/2(PO4). Charge balance with the O2- bridge between each iron ion is maintained by Na+ and H+ ions located in a relatively open cage in the phosphate lattice. The structure is significant in that it explains the variable stoichiometry observed in powder diffraction patterns, and it identifies the stoichiometry of H and O, which cannot be determined from solubility studies.
The light chain of the L9 antibody is critical for binding circumsporozoite protein minor repeats and preventing malaria (2022)

L9 is a potent human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that preferentially binds two adjacent NVDP minor repeats and cross-reacts with NANP major repeats of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) on malaria-infective sporozoites. Understanding this mAb's ontogeny and mechanisms of binding PfCSP will facilitate vaccine development. Here, we isolate mAbs clonally related to L9 and show that this B cell lineage has baseline NVDP affinity and evolves to acquire NANP reactivity. Pairing the L9 kappa light chain (L9κ) with clonally related heavy chains results in chimeric mAbs that cross-link two NVDPs, cross-react with NANP, and more potently neutralize sporozoites in vivo compared with their original light chain. Structural analyses reveal that the chimeric mAbs bound minor repeats in a type-1 β-turn seen in other repeat-specific antibodies. These data highlight the importance of L9κ in binding NVDP on PfCSP to neutralize sporozoites and suggest that PfCSP-based immunogens might be improved by presenting ≥2 NVDPs.
N-, O-, and S-Tridoped Nanoporous Carbons as Selective Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Alcohol Oxidation Reactions (2014)

Replacing rare and expensive metal catalysts with inexpensive and earth-abundant ones is currently among the major goals of sustainable chemistry. Herein we report the synthesis of N-, O-, and S-tridoped, polypyrrole-derived nanoporous carbons (NOSCs) that can serve as metal-free, selective electrocatalysts and catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR), respectively. The NOSCs are synthesized via polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as oxidant and colloidal silica nanoparticles as templates, followed by carbonization of the resulting S-containing polypyrrole/silica composite materials and then removal of the silica templates. The NOSCs exhibit good catalytic activity toward ORR with low onset potential and low Tafel slope, along with different electron-transfer numbers, or in other words, different ratios H2O/H2O2 as products, depending on the relative amount of colloidal silica used as templates. The NOSCs also effectively catalyze AOR at relatively low temperature, giving good conversions and high selectivity.
Decreasing the Dose to the Rectal Wall by Using a Rectal Retractor during Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Treatment Planning Study (2014)

Aim . The aim of the study was to examine the dosimetric effect of rectal retraction, using a rectal retractor, by performing a comparative treatment planning study. Material and Methods . Treatment plans using volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) were produced for ten patients both with and without rectal retraction. A hypofractionation scheme of 42.7 Gy in seven fractions was used. The dose to the rectal wall was evaluated for both methods (with and without retraction) using four dose-volume criteria: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>40.1</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>38.3</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>36.5</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>32.6</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Results . The retraction of the rectal wall increased the distance between the rectal wall and the prostate. The rectal wall volume was reduced to zero for all dose-volume values except for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>32.6</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, which was 0.2 cm 3 in average when the rectal retractor was used. Conclusion . There was a significant decrease of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>40.1</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>38.3</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>36.5</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>32.6</mml:mn><mml:mtext> Gy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> when the rectal retractor was used without compromising the dose coverage of planning target volume (PTV).
Nonlinearity Analysis and Multi-Model Modeling of an MEA-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Process for Advanced Control Design (2018)

The monoethanolamine (MEA)-based post-combustion CO2 capture plant must operate flexibly under the variation of the power plant load and the desired CO2 capture rate. However, in the presence of process nonlinearity, conventional linear control strategy cannot achieve the best performance under a wide operation range. Considering this problem, this paper systematically studies the multi-model modeling of the MEA-based CO2 capture process for the purpose of (1) implementing well-developed linear control techniques to the design of an advanced controller and (2) achieving a wide-range flexible operation of the CO2 capture process. The local linear models of the CO2 capture process are firstly established at given operating points using the method of subspace identification. Then the nonlinearity distribution at different loads of an upstream power plant and different CO2 capture rates is investigated via the gap metric. Finally, based on the nonlinearity investigation results, the suitable linear models are selected and combined together to form the multi-model system. The proposed model is validated using the measurement data, which is generated from a post-combustion CO2 capture model developed in the go-carbon capture and storage (gCCS) simulation platform. As the proposed multi-linear model has a simple mathematical expression and high prediction accuracy, it can be directly employed as the control model of a practical advanced control strategy to achieve a wide operating range control of the CO2 capture process.
The current status and issue of oxide TFT for large-size AMOLED applications (2008)

ZnO-based TFTs are shown to have the high device performance as well as good uniformity, which make it suitable as a next generation backplane technology for large area AMOLED display.
Preventing Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning of New Natural Language Tasks (2022)

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is widely-accepted in Natural Language Processing as a standard technique for learning multiple related tasks in one model. Training an MTL model requires having the training data for all tasks available at the same time. As systems usually evolve over time, (e.g., to support new functionalities), adding a new task to an existing MTL model usually requires retraining the model from scratch on all the tasks and this can be time-consuming and computationally expensive. Moreover, in some scenarios, the data used to train the original training may be no longer available, for example, due to storage or privacy concerns.
600V single chip inverter IC with new SOI technology (2014)

A 600V three-phase single chip inverter IC has been developed using a new SOI technology instead of conventional 500V Dielectric Isolation (DI) technology. In this new technology, 600V high voltage devices were materialized with a newly introduced poly-Si field plate and a multi diffusion region in order to reduce the electric field. A new IGBT accomplishes high current density with an on-resistance of 1.8Ωmm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> by using a multi emitter structure and an n-type well layer that reduces JFET resistance between emitter channels. Moreover, a thin Si layer and universal contact structure for fast extraction of excess carriers contribute to low switching losses. The turn-off energy loss of the IGBT is 54% of that of a conventional one at 135°C. The developed inverter IC has a maximum output voltage of 600V and a maximum output current 1A. Compared to the conventional 500V IC, the operational power consumption is reduced from 2.6W to 2.3W.
Cytokine Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease in Taiwanese Children (2010)

No associations between individual cytokine genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility of KD were observed, but a gene-dosage effect on the risk of KD was found, especially for older or female subjects.
Surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome interrupts efferent vagal innervation to the left ventricle and to the atrioventricular node in the canine heart (1988)

The hypothesis that cardiac surgery to interrupt accessory pathways also interrupts autonomic nerves to the canine ventricle and to the atrioventricular node was tested in four groups of dogs. Group 1 (n = 6) underwent dissection of the atrioventricular fat tissue and cryolesion created by application of a cryoprobe at -60 degrees C for 2 min along the lateral left atrioventricular groove, the same surgical procedure as carried out in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with accessory pathways located in the left ventricular free wall. Group 2 (n = 6) underwent dissection of the atrioventricular fat pad alone and group 3 (n = 6) dissection and cryolesion along the posterior left atrioventricular groove as performed in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with accessory pathways located in the posterior paraseptal area. Group 4 consisted of 11 non-operated control dogs. Four to 13 days after surgery the ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) was determined during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation (4 ms pulses, 2-3 Hz, and 2-3 mA), noradrenaline infusion (0.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), and bilateral vagal stimulation (4 ms pulses, 20 Hz, and current strength to induce asystole or complete atrioventricular block). Atrioventricular nodal conduction (AH interval) and spontaneous sinus cycle length were also determined in group 3 dogs. Ansae subclaviae stimulation and noradrenaline infusion shortened effective refractory period significantly at each left ventricular test site. The amount of effective refractory period shortening induced by ansae subclaviae stimulation did not differ among the test sites except for the posterior left ventricle in group 1 dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two-section gain-levered tunable distributed feedback laser with active tuning section (1994)

A composite cavity semiconductor laser structure that consists of two active (gain) sections is analyzed. One of the sections has a grating corrugation, while the other is flat. The operation of the device is enhanced by utilizing the gain-lever effect. A round-trip analysis is combined with the rate equations pertinent for this structure to study the characteristics of the device. The performance of the device is compared to that of a similar case without the gain lever. It is shown that, utilizing the gain-lever effect, improved operation in terms of tuning range, modulation efficiency, and output power control can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hepcidin mediates transcriptional changes that modulate acute cytokine-induced inflammatory responses in mice (2010)

Hepcidin is a peptide hormone that regulates iron homeostasis and acts as an antimicrobial peptide. It is expressed and secreted by a variety of cell types in response to iron loading and inflammation. Hepcidin mediates iron homeostasis by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin, inducing its internalization and degradation via activation of the protein kinase Jak2 and the subsequent phosphorylation of ferroportin. Here we have shown that hepcidin-activated Jak2 also phosphorylates the transcription factor Stat3, resulting in a transcriptional response. Hepcidin treatment of ferroportin-expressing mouse macrophages showed changes in mRNA expression levels of a wide variety of genes. The changes in transcript levels for half of these genes were a direct effect of hepcidin, as shown by cycloheximide insensitivity, and dependent on the presence of Stat3. Hepcidin-mediated transcriptional changes modulated LPS-induced transcription in both cultured macrophages and in vivo mouse models, as demonstrated by suppression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha transcript and secreted protein. Hepcidin-mediated transcription in mice also suppressed toxicity and morbidity due to single doses of LPS, poly(I:C), and turpentine, which is used to model chronic inflammatory disease. Most notably, we demonstrated that hepcidin pretreatment protected mice from a lethal dose of LPS and that hepcidin-knockout mice could be rescued from LPS toxicity by injection of hepcidin. The results of our study suggest a new function for hepcidin in modulating acute inflammatory responses.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Promotes Expansion of a Functionally Superior Cytoplasmic CD3+ NK Cell Subset with a Bcl11b-Regulated T Cell Signature (2021)

Human CMV (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that indelibly shapes the NK cell repertoire. Using transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic approaches to evaluate peripheral blood NK cells from healthy human volunteers, we find that prior HCMV infection promotes NK cells with a T cell-like gene profile, including the canonical markers CD3ε, CD5, and CD8β, as well as the T cell lineage-commitment transcription factor Bcl11b. Although Bcl11b expression is upregulated during NK maturation from CD56<sup>bright</sup> to CD56<sup>dim</sup>, we find a Bcl11b-mediated signature at the protein level for FcεRIγ, PLZF, IL-2Rβ, CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε in later-stage, HCMV-induced NK cells. <i>BCL11B</i> is targeted by Notch signaling in T cell development, and culture of NK cells with Notch ligand increases cytoplasmic CD3ε expression. The Bcl11b-mediated gain of CD3ε, physically associated with CD16 signaling molecules Lck and CD247 in NK cells is correlated with increased Ab-dependent effector function, including against HCMV-infected cells, identifying a potential mechanism for their prevalence in HCMV-infected individuals and their prospective clinical use in Ab-based therapies.
SOLUTION-GRAFTING OF POLYETHYLENE WAX WITH VINYL ACETATE (2001)

The grafting of vinyl acelate(VA) onto low molecular weight polyethylene(PEW) was studied in benzene with benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as initiator. The effects of the reaction temperature, time, the amount of BPO and VA on the grafting ratio, the conversion and the grafting efficiency were investigated. The PEW-g-VA grafting copolymers with grafting ratio of 0~ 19.8% were attained. The intrinsic viscosity of PEW-g-VA in toluene increased with the increasing of grafting ratio and the pour point depression of 4% waxy solutions of toulene or hexane doped with PEW-g-VA depended on the grafting ratio and reached the best effect when the grafting ratio was in 13% ~ 17% .