gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Modified Sulfur Systems (1978)

Materials prepared by modifying sulfur with dicyclopentadiene or styrene consist of unreacted sulfur and polysulfides. Dicyclopentadiene reacts with sulfur to give, initially, low-molecular-weight polysulfides (e.g., a pentasulfide) which convert to high-molecular-weight polymers at 140°C. Styrene initially gives high-molecular-weight polymers which depolymerize. With dicyclopentadiene N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine catalyzes the formation of low- and inhibits the formation of high-molecular-weight material and therefore offers promise as a viscosity control agent. The mechanical properties of modified sulfur vary with time after preparation. Modifiers can stop or reduce the embrittlement of elemental sulfur. The tensile strength of polypropylene and glass—fiber fabrics may be increased by up to 87 and 104%, respectively, on impregnation with sulfur materials.
Une architecture d'acquisition et d'exploitation des connaissances pour les EIAH (2007)

International audience
Noninvasive Repeatable Motor and Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies of Rat Peripheral Nerves (1995)

There has been a need for animal experimental models to study the peripheral nerves to evalute the peripheral neuropathy. However, electrophysiologic test methods to confirm peripheral neuropathy in small experimental animals has not been properly addressed due to technical difficulties and also the limitation of numbers of examinations due to the invasive natures of previous techniques of peripheral nerve conduction studies in experimental animals.The purpose of this experiment is to find out easy, reliable and noninvasive repeatable technical of nerve conduction study of peripheral nerves of rat.The electrophysiologic tests including motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were performed in both hind limbs of 64 rats. And the results were reported with detailed description of techniques. The mean value(±SD) of motor nerve conduction velocity was 41.8±3.0m/sec and that of the sendory nerve conduction velocity was 29.7±1.7m/sec and they showed stable results. In addition to its accuracy, this technique is a relatively simple and nonivasive repeatable methods of nerve conduction study of rat. But the amplitudes of compound muscle action potential(CMAP) and compound nerve action potential(CNAP) revealed wide ranges of variability.
Deep‐learning synthesized pseudo‐CT for MR high‐resolution pediatric cranial bone imaging (MR‐HiPCB) (2022)

MR high-resolution pediatric cranial bone imaging may facilitate the clinical translation of a radiation-free MR cranial bone imaging method for pediatric patients.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanostructures for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observation and Control of Gene Expression Noise: Barrier Crossing Analogies Between Drug Resistance and Metastasis (2020)

OPINION article Front. Genet., 30 October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.586726
Robert Brigham Unicondylar Knee surgical technique (1990)

Unicompartmental knee replacement can be an attractive alternative to osteotomy or tricompartmental replacement in osteoarthritis. Results are highly dependent on patient selection and surgical technique. While osteotomy is favored in the young, heavy, active individual with unicompartmental osteoarthritis, unicompartmental arthroplasty may be appropriate in the older, lighter, sedentary person. At surgery, care must be taken to restore alignment and stability, avoiding both under and over correction. Femoral and tibial components must be positioned properly to provide mediolateral and rotational congruency assessed when the knee is fully extended.
The relationship between self-destructive behaviour and nursing home environment (2004)

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between self-destructive behaviour and nursing home environment. We performed a cross-sectional study comprising 647 residents in 11 nursing homes in Sydney, Australia using the Harmful Behaviours Scale (HBS), Abbreviated Mental Test Scale and the Resident Classification Index. The Directors of Nursing completed a questionnaire that rated physical design, staff and resident characteristics and demographics were obtained from nursing home records. On regression analysis a greater number of design features for frail and residents with dementia in general, and increased security measures were associated with greater HBS total score and risk-taking and passive self-harm subscales. A residential environment in which the residents were more functionally dependent and more likely to be in a shared room, managerial policies less geared towards managing difficult behaviour and less staff availability and training were associated with the 'uncooperativeness' factor. There were no significant predictors of the other two factors. The relationship between nursing home environment and self-destructive behaviours and the environment is complex and there needs to be an individualized approach to placement.
2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexasilabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-derived Columnar Liquid Crystals (2005)

ABSTRACT The title polysilacage compounds with p-alkylphenyl or p-cyanophenyl-substituent were prepared starting with 1-phenyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexasilabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; p-pentylphenyl- and p-(2-methylpentyl)phenyl-substituted polysilacages exhibited columnar lamellar phase particularly, whereas cyanophenyl-substituted derivatives showed hexagonal columnar mesophases in spite of the rod-like structures. Introduction of a cyano group resulted in the enhancement of the structural order of the mesophase as compared with the parent cage compounds.
DVFS method of memory hierarchy based on CPU microarchitectural information (2022)

Due to limited battery power that devices have, an efficient DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) algorithm is important. DVFS applies not only to the CPU, also the shared cache and memory associated with the CPU. The CPU and these memory hierarchy interact with each other, however, their DVFS methods are operated independently. Although there have been many discussions to reduce the memory access latency of CPU, the conventional DVFS technique does not relieve memory stall (the state during which CPU is stalled waiting for a memory access) effectively due to individual DVFS methods. In this article, we propose a new DVFS method, which alleviates the memory stall and reduces CPU power consumption utilizing microarchitectural information. Our proposed method identifies the layer on the memory hierarchy that mainly generates the memory stall and determines the optimal frequency of CPU and memory hierarchy that achieve a system-wide power optimization, without degrading the performance. In our experiments, our proposed method improved IPC (Instruction Per Cycle) by 11%, reduced MSPC (Memory Stall Per Cycle) by 26% and reduced power consumption by 5% compared to a conventional DVFS method.
Identification of Oncogenic Pathways of T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) through Gene Expression Profiling of Mouse Tumor Models. (2006)

Abstract Transgenic mouse models of T-cell oncogenes such as TAL1 and LMO1, have confirmed their critical role in the development of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL). In addition, retroviral insertional mutagenesis (RIM) in mice is a powerful system for the identification of genes involved in T-cells leukemogenesis. However, incomplete knowledge of the pathogenesis of T-ALL limits the ability to stratify patients and to deliver tailored therapy accordingly. Thus, a major goal is to identify common oncogenic pathways downstream of T-cell oncogenes that can serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of T-ALL. We hypothesize that T-cell oncogenes operate through a limited number of oncogenic pathways with distinct gene expression profiles. Furthermore, we propose that gene expression profiling of murine models of T-cell lymphomas, which harbor specific genetic lesions, will serve to identify such oncogenic pathways and to establish a molecular classification of T-ALL. To test this hypothesis we have analyzed normal thymus and mouse T-cell lymphomas originated from retroviral insertional mutagenesis (n=11) and transgenic and knock-outs models (n=30) using Affymetrix 430A2.0 microarrays. Unsupervised analysis clearly distinguishes tumor samples from normal thymus and clusters the tumors into three major groups. TAL1, LMO2 and E2 proteins are known to be part of a transcriptional complex and to cooperate in T-cell leukemogenesis by suppressing E2A function. Accordingly, mouse tumors originating in TAL1, TAL1/LMO2 transgenic and E2A knock-out mice share a common gene expression signature and cluster together. Supervised analysis of tumors generated by retroviral mutagenesis showed increased expression of the proviral tagged genes and identified corresponding known downstream targets. Nearest neighbor analysis identified high levels of Notch1 expression in tumors with proviral insertion in the Notch1 locus and in tumors generated in the TAL1/, TAL1/LMO2, OLIG2/LMO1, ThPOK and Ikaros mouse models, which harbored activating mutations in NOTCH1. Our results demonstrate that gene expression profiling identifies common oncogenic pathways in T-cell tumors generated in mice, establishes common mechanisms of transformation for several T-ALL oncogenes and allows coupling of poorly characterized genes identified in proviral insertional sites with well characterized oncogenes and downstream molecular pathways. The identification of mechanisms of T-cell transformation common to tumors of different origin lays the ground for the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of T-ALL.
Cadmium influences the 5-Fluorouracil cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells (2012)

The aim of the research was to evaluate a heavy metal, Cadmium (Cd), which was used to produce alterations in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Moreover, we analyzed both immunohistochemical and ultrastructural alterations induced by the antineoplastic drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), after exposure to different concentrations of Cadmium. Also, we compared the effects of these compounds on actin and tubulin cytoskeleton proteins. Under ultramicroscopic observation, control cells looked polymorphous with filopodia. In cells already treated with small concentrations of Cd, after brief times of incubation, we observed an intense metabolic activity with larger, clearer, and elongated mitochondria characterized by thin and numerous dilated cristae. 5-FU-treated cells showed cytotoxicity signs with presence of pore-like alterations in the cell membrane and evident degeneration of cytoplasm and cell nuclei. The addition of 5-FU (1.5 μM) to the cells treated with Cd (5 μM-20 μM) did not induce significant ultrastructural changes in comparison with cells treated only with Cd. In Cd+5FU-treated cells mitochondria with globular aspect and regular cristae indicated the active metabolic state. In cells treated only with Cd we observed alterations in actin distribution, while tubulin branched out throughout the cytoplasm. With the association of Cd+5FU, we observed less morphological alterations in both tubulin and actin cytoskeleton proteins. Although the mechanism remains unknown at present, our findings suggest that Cd prevents the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU on breast cancer cells. These preliminary results could have an important clinical application in patients with breast cancer.
Formulation and Delivery of siRNA by Oleic Acid and Stearic Acid Modified Polyethylenimine (2008)

This study was conducted to formulate a nonviral delivery system for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to B16 melanoma cells in vitro. For this purpose, oleic and stearic acid modified derivatives of branched polyethylenimine (PEI) were prepared and evaluated. The hydrophobically modified polymers increased siRNA condensation up to 3 folds as compared to the parent PEI. The modified PEIs exhibited up to 3-fold higher siRNA protection from degradation in fetal bovine serum as compared to the parent PEI. The formulated complexes were shown to enter B16 cells in a time-dependent fashion, reaching over 90% of the cells after 24 h, as compared to only 5% of the cells displaying siRNA uptake in the absence of any carrier. A proportional reduction in siRNA cell uptake was observed with reduced polymeric content in the formulations. When used to deliver various doses of siRNA to B16 cells, the modified PEIs were superior or comparable to some of the commercially available transfection agents; the hydrophobically modified polymers gave 3-fold increased siRNA delivery than the parent PEI, approximately 5-fold higher delivery than jetPEI and Metafectene, a comparable delivery to Lipofectamine 2000, but a 1.6-fold decreased delivery compared to INTERFERin, which was the most efficient reagent in our hands. Using an siRNA specific for integrin alpha(v), a dose-dependent decrease in integrin alpha(v) levels was demonstrated in B16 cells by flow cytometry, revealing a more pronounced reduction of integrin alpha(v) levels for oleic- and stearic-acid modified PEIs. The overall results suggested that the hydrophobically modified PEIs provide a promising delivery strategy for siRNA therapeutic applications.
Low-voltage CMOS device scaling (2002)

Discussions of device scaling are often based on simplistic device models. Much more accurate models have become available recently but remain largely unknown to the circuit and design community. This paper highlights some of these models by projecting low-voltage CMOS device trends.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Static Aspects of Accommodation in Human Amblyopia (1983)

Static aspects of accommodation in human amblyopia were investigated. Abnormalities uncovered included decrease in accommodative controller gain, decrease in slope of the accommodative stimulus/response curve, decrease in accommodative amplitude, and increase in depth of focus. Orthoptic therapy improved accommodative function in the amblyopic eye. Similar defects, but of lesser magnitude, were frequently found in the nondominant eyes of subjects in related test groups. This included former amblyopes who had received successful orthoptic therapy in their youth, which suggested lack of complete and/or maintained recovery of accommodative function, and strabismics without amblyopia, which suggested that the effects of strabismic suppression contributed to the accommodative deficits found in some strabismic amblyopes. The accommodative abnormalities found in our amblyopes were attributed to the effects of early, prolonged, abnormal visual experience on the sensory visual system.
Universal spatial feature set for video steganalysis (2012)

In this paper, we propose a universal spatial feature set for video steganalysis. This feature set comprehensively exploits the correlation of adjacent pixels and can be viewed as a generalized extension of most correlation based features. We also develop a new approach to extract inter-frame features for video steganalysis. Our method can be universally applied to detect different video steganographic algorithms regardless of video format. The experimental results show that it outperforms current correlation based methods.
Studies on some species of the Xiphinema americanum group (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) occurring in Florida (2002)

The study of the morphometrics of putative Xiphinema americanum group populations collected in various habitats in Florida, United States of America, revealed the presence of four species: X. citricolum Lamberti et Bleve-Zacheo, 1979; X. floridae Lamberti et Bleve -Zacheo, 1979; X. georgianum Lamberti et Bleve-Zacheo, 1979 and X. laevistriatum Lamberti et Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. The relationships of these species with X. americanum sensu stricto and similar species are discussed. It is shown for the first time that X. citricolu»z and X. laevistriatum have three juvenile stages. The SOD isozyme iso-electrofocusing patterns also separated the studied populations into four groups; however, it confirmed only partially the morphotypes. The analysis of the ribosomal DNA of seven populations characterized three groups identifying X. floridae, X. citricolum and X. laevistriatum. However, one population morphometrically identified as X. laevistriatum presented a pattern as X. citricolum.
Type 2 Diabetes–Associated K+ Channel TALK-1 Modulates β-Cell Electrical Excitability, Second-Phase Insulin Secretion, and Glucose Homeostasis (2015)

Two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels play an important role in tuning β-cell glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The K2P channel TWIK-related alkaline pH-activated K2P (TALK)-1 is linked to type 2 diabetes risk through a coding sequence polymorphism (rs1535500); however, its physiological function has remained elusive. Here, we show that TALK-1 channels are expressed in mouse and human β-cells, where they serve as key regulators of electrical excitability and GSIS. We find that the rs1535500 polymorphism, which results in an alanine-to-glutamate substitution in the C-terminus of human TALK-1, increases channel activity. Genetic ablation of TALK-1 results in β-cell membrane potential depolarization, increased islet Ca2+ influx, and enhanced second-phase GSIS. Moreover, mice lacking TALK-1 channels are resistant to high-fat diet-induced elevations in fasting glycemia. These findings reveal TALK-1 channels as important modulators of second-phase insulin secretion and suggest a clinically relevant mechanism for rs1535500, which may increase type 2 diabetes risk by limiting GSIS.
Macroscopic quantum tunneling of a domain wall in a ferromagnetic metal (1994)

The macroscopic quantum tunneling of a planar domain wall in a ferromagnetic metal is studied based on the Hubbard model. It is found that the Ohmic dissipation is present even at zero temperature due to the gapless Stoner excitation, which is the crucial difference from the case of the insulating magnet. The dissipative effect is calculated as a function of the width of the wall and is shown to be effective in a thin wall and in a weak ferromagnet. The results are discussed in the light of recent experiments on ferromagnets with strong anisotropy.
Quasi-coherence and the Field Eect in Ga(As, P) "Fractal" Superlattice for Functional Photonic Devices (2006)

Quasi-coherence in the Ga(As,P) fractal lattice (FL) has been observed by tunneling photo current excitation (TPCE) and photo-reflectance (PR) measurements. These results are consistent with the quasi-subband formation in the FL calculated by transfer matrix method. We discussed the coherence breaking and deformation of the quasi-subband with applying electric field on the basis of results of transfer matrix calculation.
Abstract P6-01-18: Predicting response of triple negative breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a deep convolutional neural network-based artificial intelligence tool (2023)

Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is commonly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC is associated with improved patient outcomes. The ability to predict which patients have high likelihood to achieve pCR has important clinical implications. We developed and validated a deep convolutional neural network (CNN)–based artificial intelligence (AI) model to extract morphometric features of TNBC to predict response to NAC. Methods: Whole-slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin and eosin–stained core biopsies of 165 (pathologic complete response [pCR] in 60 and non-pCR in 105) and 78 (pCR in 31 and non-pCR in 47) TNBC patients, respectively, were used for training and validation of the model. The model extracted morphometric features from WSIs in an unsupervised way and transformed the image tiles from WSIs into high-dimensional vectors, generating clusters of morphologically similar patterns. Downstream ranking of clusters using neural networks provided regions of interest with high or low predictive value for NAC response. Morphometric scores combined with clinical TNM stage gave AI prediction scores; a low score close to 0 and high score close to 1, respectively, represented a high or low probability of pCR, respectively. Results: The predictive ability of the AI score for the entire cohort of 78 TNBC patients ascertained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) of 75.5%. The AUC for stage I, II, and III disease was 88.1%, 73.7%, and 74.7% respectively. The performance of the AI scores was also analyzed based on their distribution into quartiles. Patients in the highest score quartile were predicted to not have pCR and those in the lowest score quartile were predicted to have pCR. Of the 20 patients in the lowest score quartile, 15 experienced pCR yielding a positive predictive value of the AI score for pCR of 75%. Of the 20 patients in the highest score quartile, 16 did not have pCR, yielding a negative predictive value of 80%. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of using an AI tool to predict response to NAC in patients with TNBC. These results if validated in subsequent studies, could inform individualized decisions regarding intensity of NAC, including options to de-escalate NAC in patients with TNBC who are likely to achieve pCR. Citation Format: Savitri Krishnamurthy, Parag Jain, Debu Tripathy, Hassan Muhammad, Wei huang, Hua Yang, Shivaani Kummar, George Wilding, Rajat Roy, Ramandeep Randhawa. Predicting response of triple negative breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a deep convolutional neural network-based artificial intelligence tool [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-01-18.
Real-Time Digital Simulation: Enabling Rapid Development of Power Electronics (2009)

International audience
Climate Change Modeling, Mitigation, and Adaptation (2013)

Climate Change Modeling, Mitigation, and Adaptation presents the most current thinking on the environmental mechanisms that contribute to global climate change and explores scientifically grounded steps to reduce the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The significant contribution by greenhouse gas emissions to global climate change has been well-documented, but efforts to address climate change often focus on technologies that reduce the creation of additional emissions. This narrow focus leaves other important climate change issues unexplored, namely: Can we predict future climate change? Can we do anything to mitigate its effects? Are there strategies to adapt to the new climate realities?
Scaling up and benchmarking of ethanol production from pelletized pilot scale AFEX treated corn stover using Zymomonas mobilis 8b (2016)

This report outlines the recent scale-up of AFEX pretreatment from the laboratory to pilot scale. Sugar yields were improved by 19 and 15% for glucose and xylose, respectively. Further improvement was achieved when scaling up the hydrolysis and fermentation of AFEX-treated corn stover to 2500 L working volume. Benchmarking was performed using CTec 3 and HTec 3 enzymes along with Zymomonas mobilis 8b. Subsequently, the seed train was modified to use a hydrolysate-based medium as a replacement for pure sugars and nutrients. Fermentation performance was comparable following this change. Economic analysis showed a 19% reduction in MESP for the new process over the previous benchmark process.