gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Ion Migration in the LCLS RF Gun and Injector (2010)

Simulations of ion migration in the LCLS RF gun and injector A. Brachmann On behalf of the LCLS commissioning team The motivation for this work was the observed surface contamination of the first LCLS RF gun copper cathode. We will present the results of simulations in regards to ion migration in the LCLS gun. Ions of residual gases will be created by interaction of molecular gas species with the UV drive laser beam and by the electron beam itself. The larger part of those ionized molecules remain in the vicinity of creation, are transported towards beam line walls or away from the cathode. However a significant fraction gains enough kinetic energy to be focused by RF and magnetic fields, reaching the cathode and producing an undesirable increase of the cathode¿s surface work function. Although this fraction is small, during long term operation, this effect becomes a significant factor limiting the source performance.
BTS 54 524—an Approach to a Rapidly Acting Antidepressant (1988)

Since the tricyclic antidepressant drugs were first introduced into therapy, consistent efforts have been made to improve upon their effects in terms of both increased efficacy and reduced side-effects (Hollister, 1986). In addition, anti-depressants having various degrees of selectivity for different monoamine systems (e.g. maprotiline for selective inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake, and fluvox-amine for selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake) have been introduced in the belief that they may treat various subgroups of depressive patients. Overall, however, the wide-spectrum monoamine uptake inhibitors such as dothiepin, imipramine and amitriptyline still remain the most widely used drugs for the treatment of depression, with more recent drugs such as trazodone and mianserin (Ostrow, 1985) also gaining a place on the basis of improvements in tolerability. However, there are still important objectives through which advances in drug therapy of depression can be expected. First, the speed of onset of antidepressant drugs could be increased, and, second, the efficacy could be also improved in the hope of treating, with novel pharmacological agents, those patients currently referred for electroconvulsive therapy.
Cryptanalysis of Polly Cracker (2002)

An attack on the public key cryptosystem Polly Cracker is described, that reveals the complete secret key /spl sigma/ /spl isin/ F/sub q//sup n/ by means of n (nonadaptively) chosen "fake" ciphertexts.
Comparison of drain structures in n-channel MOSFET's (1986)

Practical limitations in channel lengths for n-channel MOSFET'S under 5-V operation are discussed for conventional arsenic-drain, phosphorus-drain, phosphorus-arsenic double diffused drain (DDD), and lightly doped drain (LDD) structures. Process parameter dependence of device characteristics and optimal process conditions are also evaluated for each drain structure. It is clarified that the minimum usable channel length is about 0.7-µm, which is realized by the DDD and LDD devices. In these devices, the hot-carrier-induced device degradation is no longer a major restriction on minimum channel length, but the short-channel effect and the parasitic bipolar breakdown are dominant restrictions. The phosphorus drain with a shallow junction formed by rapid thermal annealing can expand the arsenic drain limitation.
Control methods for $T^{4}$ Scaling of the Fisher Information with quantum sensing (2017)

Recently new approaches for sensing time dependent Hamiltonians have been presented, and a new scaling of the Fisher information was introduced: the $T^{4}$ scaling. We present here our interpretation of this new scaling, where the relative phase is accumulated quadratically with time, and show that this can be produced by a variety of simple pulse sequences. Interestingly, this scaling has a limited duration, and we show that certain pulse sequences prolong the effect. The performance of these schemes is analyzed and we examine their relevance to state-of-the-art experiments.
Curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin using a poly(aryl ether ketone) bearing pendant carboxyl groups as macromolecular curing agent (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Reactive thermoplastics have received increasing attention in the field of epoxy resin toughening. This paper presents the first report of using a novel polyaryletherketone bearing one pendant carboxyl group per repeat unit to cure the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin (DGEBA). The curing reactions of DGEBA/PEK‐L mixtures of various molar ratios and with different catalysts were investigated by means of dynamic differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. RESULTS: FTIR results for the DGEBA/PEK‐L system before curing and after curing at 135 °C for different times demonstrated that the carboxyl groups of PEK‐L were indeed involved in the curing reaction to form a crosslinked network, as evidenced by the marked decreased peak intensities of the carboxyl group at 1705 cm −1 and the epoxy group at 915 cm −1 as well as the newly emerged strong absorptions of ester bonds at 1721 cm −1 and hydroxyl groups at 3447 cm −1 . Curing kinetic analysis showed that the value of the activation energy ( E a ) was the highest at the beginning of curing, followed by a decrease with increasing conversion (α), which was attributed to the autocatalytic effect of hydroxyls generated in the curing reaction. CONCLUSION: The pendant carboxyl groups in PEK‐L can react with epoxy groups of DGEBA during thermal curing, and covalently participate in the crosslinking network. PEK‐L is thus expected to significantly improve the fracture toughness of DGEBA epoxy resin. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Thyroid Hormone Stimulation of Uridine Uptake by Rat Pituitary Tumor Cells* (1984)

T3 caused a dose-related increase in the rate of [3H]uridine uptake into GH4C1 rat pituitary tumor cells. T3 increased uridine uptake to 130-180% of the control value, with a half-maximal effect at approximately 1 nM. T3 exerted a half-maximal effect at 1 h and a maximal effect at 2 h. In contrast, epidermal growth factor also increased uridine uptake by 75%, with an ED50 of 0.6 ng/ml (0.1 nM), but a half-maximal response required 4 min and a maximal effect required 20 min. T3 increased the rate of uptake at all uridine concentrations from 30 nM to 130 microM. Equilibrium binding of [125I]T3 to nuclear receptors required from 15 min at 50 nM [125I]T3 to 1 h at 0.5 nM, indicating that occupancy of nuclear receptors precedes maximal stimulation of uridine uptake. T3 did not stimulate the rate of uridine uptake at 20 C, when binding to nuclear receptors does not occur. Various thyroid hormones caused an increase in uridine uptake, with the rank order of potency 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid greater than T3 greater than L-T4 greater than D-T4 approximately equal to 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid; rT3 was inactive. This order parallels the affinities of these compounds for nuclear thyroid hormone receptors.
Biosynthesis of ansatrienin. Nonincorporation of shikimic acid into the mC7N unit and stereochemistry of its conversion to the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid moiety (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of ansatrienin. Nonincorporation of shikimic acid into the mC7N unit and stereochemistry of its conversion to the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid moietyRosangela Casati, John M. Beale, and Heinz G. FlossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 26, 8102–8104Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00260a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00260a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MOSFET drain engineering analysis for deep-submicrometer dimensions: a new structural approach (1992)

A new MOS transistor structural approach (hot-carrier-induced MOSFET) capable of substantially suppressing adverse hot-carrier effects, while maintaining the other desired performance and manufacturability characteristics of deep-submicrometer MOSFETs (L/sub gate/<or=0.35 mu m) is described. This structure is unique in having a lower doped N/sup -/ region located behind (or above) a very shallow, steeply profiled source/drain junction. In contrast, LDD types of MOSFETs have an N/sup -/ region with a more graded doping profile immediately adjacent to the channel region. The simulated characteristics of the HCS MOSFET structure indicate approximately one order of magnitude less substrate current in comparison to an LDD type of MOSFET whose structure and doping parameters are optimized for combined performance, reliability, and manufacturability. In terms of combined performance, reliability, and manufacturability, the HCS MOSFET should permit MOSFET devices to be more successfully scaled at deep-submicrometer dimensions.<<ETX>>
Impact of Incorporating Nitrogen Atoms in Naphthalenediimide-Based Polymer Acceptors on the Charge Generation, Device Performance, and Stability of All-Polymer Solar Cells (2019)

Substitution of C atoms in a polymer backbone by N atoms allows for the facile tuning of the energy levels as well as the backbone conformation and packing structures of conjugated polymers. Herein, we report a series of three polymer acceptors (<i>P</i><sub>A</sub>s) with N atoms introduced at different positions of the backbone and investigate how these N atoms affect the device performances of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). The three <i>P</i><sub>A</sub>s, namely, P(NDI2DT-BTT), P(NDI2DT-PTT), and P(NDI2DT-BTTz), are composed of naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based and benzothiadiazole (BT)-based derivatives (dithiophene-BT (BTT), dithiophene-thiadiazolepyridine (PTT), and dithiazole-BT (BTTz)). The PTT and BTTz units are synthesized by replacing the C atoms in BT and thiophene, respectively, with N atoms, which effectively tune the optical, electrochemical, and charge-transporting properties of the corresponding <i>P</i><sub>A</sub>s. The all-PSCs using poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl))benzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,5-<i>b</i>']dithiophene)-<i>co</i>-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-<i>c</i>:4,5-<i>c</i>']dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T) as a polymer donor and P(NDI2DT-PTT) as <i>P</i><sub>A</sub> exhibit a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.95%, whereas the all-PSCs based on the other <i>P</i><sub>A</sub>s show relatively lower PCEs (6.02% for PBDB-T:P(NDI2DT-BTT) and 1.43% for PBDB-T:P(NDI2DT-BTTz)). The high PCE of the PBDB-T:P(NDI2DT-PTT) device is due to the superior charge transfer and charge dissociation, resulting from the closely matched energy levels between PBDB-T and P(NDI2DT-PTT), as well as a more favorable bulk heterojunction morphology with improved miscibility. Importantly, the P(NDI2DT-PTT)-based all-PSC device shows improved air stability compared to the P(NDI2DT-BTT)-based device, which is most likely due to a decreased lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the <i>P</i><sub>A</sub>. Our findings suggest that the incorporation of N atoms into the <i>P</i><sub>A</sub>s is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency and stability of all-PSCs.
Time-Resolved Dual Frequency Comb Phase Spectroscopy of Laser-Induced Plasmas (2019)

We present the first results using time-resolved dual-comb phase spectroscopy in a laser-induced plasma. It can allow for simultaneous plasma characterization as well as multi-species detection and plasma characterization.
Testing complex business process solutions (2006)

Today's business climate requires you to constantly evolve IT strategies responding to new opportunities or threats. While the fundamentals of IT -reliability, availability, security and manageability - are still crucial, rapid results are mandatory for business success. These business challenges can be solved by acting with agility - striking the proper balance between the introduction of leading-edge technology and the pragmatic application of IT. In this paper, we introduce a testing framework for business solutions dealing with complex and dynamic IT environments. Our framework supports test-driven development which facilitates an incremental construction of reliable business solutions that can be adapted to changes of a business environment easily. We compare our testing framework with model-driven development approaches and show how we applied our framework to an event-driven process management platform called SARI (sense and respond infrastructure).
Effects of Exposure to New Car Interiors in Patients With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis (2018)

The interior environment of the tested Mercedes vehicles did not cause changes in subjective or objective measures of asthma and allergic rhinitis. We suggest that this model system can be used to test other vehicles for putatively adverse effects on patients with allergic respiratory disorders.
国槐新品种‘聊红’槐 (2008)

‘聊红’槐是从国槐栽培苗中发现的新变异类型。树体大,树冠圆形;花淡堇紫色,花期较长,开花繁密,新奇美丽;生长快,寿命长,抗病能力强,是当前乔木树种中极少见的夏季红花系列品种之一,具有重要的观赏价值和经济意义。
Porous Tetrametallic PtCuBiMn Nanosheets with a High Catalytic Activity and Methanol Tolerance Limit for Oxygen Reduction Reactions (2016)

Porous PtCuBiMn nanosheets are developed with a thickness of ≈3-4 nm. The specific and mass activities of these nanosheets are ten and seven times greater than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. PtCuBiMn nanosheets demonstrate superior catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction, as well as resistance to methanol cross-over effects, suggesting that it is a promising catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.
Multilayer Reservoir Model Enables More Complete Reservoir Characterization During Underbalanced Drilling (2003)

Abstract In order to effectively analyze reservoir inflow data from a well drilled underbalanced, a true multilayer reservoir model is required. In a previous paper,1 a single layer analytical model was developed to handle reservoir inflow resulting from the changing wellbore geometry during the underbalanced drilling process. A method to analyze data acquired during underbalanced drilling for reservoir permeability was developed and presented. The resulting reservoir model was shown to be unique in the industry. However, it was recognized that a multilayer model was needed to fully analyze the data and generate a more complete reservoir evaluation during underbalanced drilling. This paper presents a true multilayer model that describes inflow from multiple reservoir layers encountered during underbalanced drilling. The model is fully transient and is based on the single layer model presented in previous work. The model accounts for the lengthening of the wellbore through any number of reservoir layers having similar or different properties and the resulting flow into the wellbore. Results from validation of the model are presented. The model enables formation evaluation during the underbalanced drilling process.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INTERACTION OF HCN WITH (RU(NH3)5H2O)(2+) (1975)

Abstract Die Titelreaktion liefert den Komplex (I), der als Hexafluorophosphat gefällt und durch IR‐Untersuchungen charakterisiert wurde.
Mutations in the Novel Protein PRRT2 Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia with Infantile Convulsions (IN10-2.005) (2012)

Objective: To find the gene responsible for paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Background Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia with Infantile Convulsions (PKD/IC) is an episodic movement disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance and high penetrance, but the causative gene is unknown. Design/Methods: PKD/IC patients and families were collected, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out. When PRRT2 was found linked with PKD/IC, basic biochemical experiments and cell cultures were performed to test its expression and localization. Results: We have now identified four truncating mutations involving the PRRT2 gene in the vast majority (24/25) of well characterized families with PKD/IC. PRRT2 truncating mutations were also detected in 28 of 78 additional families. The PRRT2 gene encodes a proline-rich transmembrane protein of unknown function that has been reported to interact with the t-SNARE, SNAP25 . PRRT2 localizes to axons but not to dendritic processes in primary neuronal culture. Conclusions: We believe that PRRT2 mutations associated with PKD/IC lead to dramatically reduced PRRT2 protein level leading ultimately to neuronal hyperexcitability that manifests in vivo as PKD/IC. Supported by: Grants from the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia Parkinson Foundation, NIH grant U54 RR19481, the Sandler Neurogenetics Fund (Y-HF and LP), NIH grant NS043533 (LP), ANR grant EPILAND (PS), and INSERM. L.J.P. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Disclosure: Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Edwards has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hanna has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bowcock has nothing to disclose. Dr. Szepetowski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ptacek has nothing to disclose.
Proteolytic release of the carboxy-terminal fragment of proHB-EGF causes nuclear export of PLZF (2003)

Cleavage of membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (proHB-EGF) via metalloprotease activation yields amino- and carboxy-terminal regions (HB-EGF and HB-EGF-C, respectively), with HB-EGF widely recognized as a key element of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation in G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Here, we show a biological role of HB-EGF-C in cells. Subsequent to proteolytic cleavage of proHB-EGF, HB-EGF-C translocated from the plasma membrane into the nucleus. This translocation triggered nuclear export of the transcriptional repressor, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), which we identify as an HB-EGF-C binding protein. Suppression of cyclin A and delayed entry of S-phase in cells expressing PLZF were reversed by the production of HB-EGF-C. These results indicate that released HB-EGF-C functions as an intracellular signal and coordinates cell cycle progression with HB-EGF.
Radiant Ceiling Cooling (2004)

This is the 15th article covering one of several energy-sav-ing technologies evaluated in a recent U.S. Department of Energy report. The complete report is at www.eren.doe.gov/ buildings/documents. uildings with radiant ceiling cooling systems, also known as “chilled beam ” systems, incorporate pipes in the ceil-ings through which chilled water flows. The pipes lie close to the ceiling surfaces or in panels, and they cool the room via natural convection and radiation heat transfer (Figure 1). Although the technology has existed for more than 50 years, it has had problems in the past. Condensation of moisture on the cooled surfaces sometimes damaged ceiling materials (e.g., plaster) and created con-
Progress in breast vibro-acoustography: Imaging breast lesions (2007)

Vibro-acoustography is an imaging method based on the sound emitted due to the harmonic motion of tissue induced by the radiation force of focused ultrasound. This paper presents recent progress in vibro-acoustography of human breast. Matching vibro-acoustography and mammography images are acquired using a combined mammography/vibro-acoustography machine. Images of various types of breast masses are investigated and their characteristics features are compared. The study includes malignant masses, benign masses such as fibroadenomas, cysts, calcified lesions, and surgical scars. Image features, such as lesion borders, interior texture, and speculation pattern, are studied. Vibro-acoustography images demonstrate that calcified masses normally show sharp borders, benign noncalcified masses have smooth texture, and, in some cases, malignant masses are characterized with spiculation. These results, which are based on the data collected from an ongoing study, indicate that the above-mentioned image features may be used for differentiation of breast masses. It is noted that more data from a larger population are needed to establish the results in a statistical sense. [Work supported by NIH Grant EB-00535 and Grant BCTR0504550 from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. Disclosure: Parts of the techniques used here are patented by MF and JFG.]
Automated Clustering of Virtual Machines based on Correlation of Resource Usage (2012)

The recent growth in demand for modern applicationscombined with the shift to the Cloud computing paradigm have led to the establishment of large-scale cloud data centers. The increasing size of these infrastructures represents a major challenge in terms of monitoring and management of the system resources. Available solutions typically consider every Virtual Machine (VM) as a black box each with independent characteristics, and face scalability issues by reducing the number of monitored resource samples, considering in most cases only average CPU usage sampled at a coarse time granularity. We claim that scalability issues can be addressed by leveraging thesimilarity between VMs in terms of resource usage patterns.In this paper we propose an automated methodology to cluster VMs depending on the usage of multiple resources, both systemand network-related, assuming no knowledge of the services executed on them. This is an innovative methodology that exploits the correlation between the resource usage to cluster together similar VMs. We evaluate the methodology through a case study with data coming from an enterprise datacenter, and we show that high performance may be achieved in automatic VMs clustering. Furthermore, we estimate the reduction in the amount of data collected, thus showing that our proposal may simplify the monitoring requirements and help administrators totake decisions on the resource management of cloud computing datacenters.