gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approaching the optimal transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (2014)

A complete transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) is essential for adequately diagnosing, staging, and treating bladder cancer. A TURBT is deceptively difficult and is a highly underappreciated procedure. An incomplete resection is the major reason for the high incidence of recurrence following initial transurethral resection and thus to the suboptimal care of our patients. Our objective was to review the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations for performing an optimal TURBT. The European Association of Urology, Society of International Urology, and The American Urological Association guidelines emphasize a complete resection of all visible tumor during a TURBT. This review will emphasize the various techniques and treatments, including photodynamic cystoscopy, intravesical chemotherapy, and a perioperative checklist, that can be used to help to enable a complete resection and reduce the recurrence rate. A Medline/PubMed search was completed for original and review articles related to transurethral resection and the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The major findings were analyzed and are presented from large prospective, retrospective, and review studies.
Resistance of the Foramen of Monro (1988)

A greyhound dog model was used to study the importance of the foramen of Monro as a resistance element to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Normal dogs had no pressure differential discernible despite the infusion of artificial CSF into one lateral ventricle. When CSF was withdrawn from one lateral ventricle, however, 7 of 10 dogs showed intraventricular pressure differentials at a steady state of 3.28-5.37 mm Hg. All normal dogs undergoing rapid bolus withdrawal of CSF from the ventricles developed pressure differentials. When these experiments were performed on hydrocephalic dogs, no pressure differential could be recorded. The foramen of Monro acts as a valve mechanisms that usually closes in response to CSF withdrawals.
Distributed intelligent architecture for falling detection and physical activity analysis in the elderly (2002)

A novel approach for the detection of falls, the analysis of body postures, mobility and metabolic energy expenditure of elderly people has been developed. It is based on a distributed intelligence architecture, supported by it wireless personal area network (WPAN) which allows a full 24-hour supervision of the user, both indoor and outdoor home. An open design methodology lets the addition of new sensors for the on-line monitorization or other biosignals. In this paper general guidelines and design issues are reported, with special emphasis on the Intelligent Accelerometer Unit (IAU), based on a four-axis accelerometer, the signals of which are transmitted to the WPAN server (PSE) for on-line processing. The availability of three axis in the median plane provides an inclination measurement with high sensibility. The IAU can be worn like a patch, fixed to the back, at the height of the sacrum. A prototype of the IAU is currently under validation phase, in order to optimize signal transmission between IAU and PSE.
Depressive pseudodementia - how 'pseudo' is it really? (2015)

Depressive pseudodementia is a term commonly used to describe a condition whereby a patient experiences a cognitive deficit secondary to a primary mood disorder. This essay will explore whether depressive pseudodementia can truly be described as a dementia mimic or not. It argues that pseudodementia is closer in clinical nature to 'true' dementia, is not fully reversible, may act as a prodrome for 'true' dementia, and has an organic basis. All of these factors suggest that the term pseudo dementia is misplaced, and the condition is more closely related to dementia than previously appreciated.
Relationships between race earnings and horse age, sex, gait, track surface and number of race starts for Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in North America (2010)

Both earning and start data should be reported in studies evaluating outcome following surgery or other intervention. Considerations of age, breed, sex, track surface and gait should be included in the design of these studies.
A Novel Motion Compensation Approach for Airborne Spotlight SAR of High-Resolution and High-Squint Mode (2016)

This letter proposes a new motion compensation approach for high-squint and high-resolution airborne spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) integrated with polar format algorithm (PFA). The motion error is coarsely compensated by means of measuring systems. In PFA, the expressions of the line-of-sight polar interpolation are first explicitly revealed, and the nonsystematic range cell migration (NsRCM) induced by residual motion error is also corrected, which paves the way for autofocus application. After the NsRCM correction, the enhanced total least square estimator-based phase adjustment by contrast enhancement (PACE) algorithm is considered to account for the residual phase errors extended to the range-dependent case. The processing results of airborne SAR real data are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Less, Never More: Launching a Product with Critical Features and Nothing More (2007)

Yahoo's advanced products team is a small team that develops and incubates new product ideas before formally launching them and integrating them with the Yahoo! network. We conceived, built and launched Mixd, a social mobile product experiment, in a 9 month timeframe. We were extremely focused on a specific problem of our target audience and remained true to that problem throughout. We focused ourselves and selected our product features with our target audience in mind. We took every opportunity to spend time with our users and integrated their feedback through the entire design process. Our process was agile and enabled us to move quickly and change course based on the feedback we received. We experienced first hand how a focus on our users and how removing complexity and assumptions in our product allowed people to use our product in unintended ways. Those unanticipated uses can end up being more interesting than your original idea.
Improving Irrigation Water Use in Container Nurseries (2005)

As limitations on water used by container nurseries become commonplace, nurseries will have to improve irrigation management. Several ways to conserve water and improve on the management of irrigation water applied to container plants are discussed in this review. They include 1) uniform application, 2) proper scheduling of irrigation water, 3) substrate amendments that retain water, 4) reducing heat load or evaporative loss from containers, and 5) recycling runoff water.
Fragment‐Based Screening to Identify Thioesterase Superfamily Member 2 (Them2) Inhibitors for the Management of Obesity‐Related Disorders (2020)

Background The prevalence of obesity‐related disorders continues to increase, but current management options remained limited. In the setting of chronic overnutrition, excessive tissue concentrations of free fatty acid (FFA) contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity‐related disorders. Thioesterase superfamily member 2 (Them2) is an acyl‐CoA thioesterase (Acot) that hydrolyzes long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoAs into free fatty acids and CoASH. Them2 is enriched in oxidative tissues, and Them2 −/− mice are protected from diet‐induced obesity, diabetes, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings suggest that chemical inhibition of Them2 could be leveraged in the management of obesity‐related disorders. Aim This study was designed to develop a small molecule inhibitor that targets the enzymatic activity of Them2. Methods Recombinant His‐tagged human Them2 was expressed in E. coli , and purified by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. Two fragment‐based screens (FBS) were performed: 1) A 1056 fragment library was screened by differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), and 2) a 500 19 F‐labeled fragment library was screened by 19 F‐nuclear magnetic resonance ( 19 F‐NMR). Secondary orthogonal biochemical (microscale thermophoresis; MST) assays confirmed binding interactions between fragment compound hits and Them2. A microplate‐based fluorometric Acot activity assay was used to measure the Acot activity of Them2. Results 30 DSF‐derived fragment compounds (2.8% hit rate) that decreased the melting temperature of Them2 by greater than 4°C (i.e. Them2 de‐stabilizers) were identified. Deconvoluted NMR chemical shifts revealed binding of 15 19 F‐labeled fragment compounds to Them2 (3% hit rate). The most promising fragment compound hits exhibited K d values in the μM range by MST. The most potent fragment compound hits were those that suppressed Acot activity. Conclusions Complementary biochemical approaches identify fragment compounds capable of both binding and inhibiting Them2. Following structural characterization of ligand binding by x‐ray crystallography, medicinal chemistry strategies can be leveraged to improve potency. Lead compounds that inhibit Them2 should prove attractive in the management of obesity‐related disorders. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grants R01 DK056626, R37 DK048873, and T32 DK116970 (to D.E.C).
Speech-assisted video processing: interpolation and low-bitrate coding (2002)

We utilize speech information to improve the quality of audio/visual communications, such as videotelephony, videoconferencing, and multimedia. In particular, marriage of speech processing and image processing can solve problems related to lip synchronization. Two main techniques proposed in this paper are: speech-assisted interpolation and speech-assisted coding of talking head video. Audio/video sequences are presented to demonstrate our techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance analysis of DS/CDMA with noncoherent M-ary orthogonal modulation in multipath fading channels (1994)

The performance of a DS/CDMA system using M-ary orthogonal modulation with noncoherent demodulation is evaluated. The system operates in a multipath fading channel. A RAKE receiver structure with equal gain combining is used for demodulation. An approximation to the bit error probability is given which depends only on the first- and second-order moments of the multipath energies. The analysis results are compared with the results from computer simulations. It is seen that the approximation is accurate for multipath energies with realistic coefficient of variation. The system performance is also evaluated in terms of the capacity, which is defined as the number of users that can be supported at a given bit error probability. The approximation is used to evaluate the capacity reductions due to power variations caused by multipath fading.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tap and push: assessing the value of direct physical control in human-robot collaborative tasks (2015)

In this paper, we compare a touch-based human-to-robot command scheme with traditional button commands in a series of human-robot collaborative assembly tasks. We find a mapping between command style and task outcome that depends on task complexity and is influenced by robot feel. In our direct touch-based scheme, the user commands the robot through direct physical contact by tapping and pushing the robot. With a small, compliant desktop robot and a simple, scripted, bolt insertion task, button commands performed slightly better than direct physical commands in quantitative task performance metrics and qualitative user preference. In a second study with a human-scale, stiffer robot arm, physical commands performed better than button commands in a more complex and less scripted bolt insertion task, which greatly outperformed using buttons in a cooperative positioning task. We conclude that commanding a robot through direct force-transmitting contact can decrease task completion time, aid in teamwork, and improve user experience in appropriately chosen tasks. We achieve our haptic commands using only robot position sensors, demonstrating that direct, intuitive physical command is an option for existing position-controlled industrial robots.
Post-Acquisition Hyperpolarized 29Silicon Magnetic Resonance Image Processing for Visualization of Colorectal Lesions Using a User-Friendly Graphical Interface (2022)

Medical imaging devices often use automated processing that creates and displays a self-normalized image. When improperly executed, normalization can misrepresent information or result in an inaccurate analysis. In the case of diagnostic imaging, a false positive in the absence of disease, or a negative finding when disease is present, can produce a detrimental experience for the patient and diminish their health prospects and prognosis. In many clinical settings, a medical technical specialist is trained to operate an imaging device without sufficient background information or understanding of the fundamental theory and processes involved in image creation and signal processing. Here, we describe a user-friendly image processing algorithm that mitigates user bias and allows for true signal to be distinguished from background. For proof-of-principle, we used antibody-targeted molecular imaging of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a mouse model, expressing human MUC1 at tumor sites. Lesion detection was performed using targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hyperpolarized silicon particles. Resulting images containing high background and artifacts were then subjected to individualized image post-processing and comparative analysis. Post-acquisition image processing allowed for co-registration of the targeted silicon signal with the anatomical proton magnetic resonance (MR) image. This new methodology allows users to calibrate a set of images, acquired with MRI, and reliably locate CRC tumors in the lower gastrointestinal tract of living mice. The method is expected to be generally useful for distinguishing true signal from background for other cancer types, improving the reliability of diagnostic MRI.
Abstract P6-07-03: Risk classification of Early Stage Breast Cancer as Assessed by MammaPrint and Oncotype DX Genomic Assays (2012)

Abstract Background: The 21-gene Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score® assay has been validated for prediction of 10-year risk of distant recurrence and likelihood of benefit from chemotherapy (CT) in patients (Pts) with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) early stage breast cancer (ESBC). MammaPrint® is a multi-gene assay that has been validated as a prognosticator in a heterogenous Pt population that includes ER+, ER−, triple negative and HER2+ Pts. While the development and validation cohorts for these genomic assays are significantly different, the tests are frequently believed to provide equivalent information. The aim of the present study was to assess how these tests classify patients when compared side by side in the same Pt specimen. Materials and methods: Pts with ER+, HER2−, ESBC in which the MammaPrint assay had been sent were identified at the Institut du Sein, Paris, France. Clinical and pathological characteristics and the MammaPrint results (failure, low or high risk) were collected. Oncotype DX quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed at Genomic Health and was blinded to the clinical and MammaPrint data. Descriptive statistics were calculated for failure rates, cross classification, and tumor characteristics. Results: Informed consent and sufficient tumor material for analysis was available from 67 Pts who were predominantly low and intermediate risk by clinicopathologic features: Tumor grade- 24 low, 36 intermediate and 7 high; Histology- 49 ductal, 14 lobular and 4 other. MammaPrint analysis had failed to deliver result for 10 of the 67 Pts. Recurrence Score results were generated in all 67 Pts. The risk classification of the MammaPrint and Oncotype DX tests in the 57 patients where both results were available is presented in the Table below. Of note, there were only 2 high Recurrence Score results compared with 22 high risk MammaPrint results. Furthermore, 45% of the Pts with high risk MammaPrint result had a low Recurrence Score result; they also had high quantitative ER expression of more than 9.5 expression units by RT-PCR, which is associated with likely hormonal therapy benefit. There was no clear association between tumor characteristics and MammaPrint failure or differences in risk classification. Conclusions: This direct comparison demonstrates that the MammaPrint and Oncotype DX tests classify a large proportion of Pts differently. Of note, nearly half of the Pts with high risk MammaPrint result had a low Recurrence Score indicating minimal, if any, benefit from chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-03.
Realization of fractional-order capacitor based on passive symmetric network (2019)

In this paper, a new realization of the fractional capacitor (FC) using passive symmetric networks is proposed. A general analysis of the symmetric network that is independent of the internal impedance composition is introduced. Three different internal impedances are utilized in the network to realize the required response of the FC. These three cases are based on either a series RC circuit, integer Cole-impedance circuit, or both. The network size and the values of the passive elements are optimized using the minimax and least <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> <sup>th</sup> optimization techniques. The proposed realizations are compared with well-known realizations achieving a reasonable performance with a phase error of approximately <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi></mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Since the target of this emulator circuit is the use of off-the-shelf components, Monte Carlo simulations with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:math> tolerance in the utilized elements are presented. In addition, experimental measurements of the proposed capacitors are preformed, therein showing comparable results with the simulations. The proposed realizations can be used to emulate the FC for experimental verifications of new fractional-order circuits and systems. The functionality of the proposed realizations is verified using two oscillator examples: a fractional-order Wien oscillator and a relaxation oscillator.
MoO2 Nanospheres Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Method for the Detection of H2S in Wide Concentration Range at Low Temperature (2021)

It is crucial to develop highly energy-efficient and selective sensors for wide concentration range of H 2 S, a common toxic gas that widely exists in petrochemical industries. In this work, MoO 2 nanospheres were rapidly synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal method, and were subsequently fabricated into H 2 S gas sensor. The MoO 2 nanospheres-based sensor exhibited excellent response toward H 2 S with good linearity in a wide concentration range (10–240 ppm). Besides, this sensor presented low working temperature, good repeatability, and selectivity against CH 4 , H 2 , and CO. The outstanding sensing performance results from the reaction between H 2 S and abundant chemisorbed oxygen introduced by oxygen vacancies of MoO 2 . This result indicates that MoO 2 nanosphere synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal method is a promising sensing material for H 2 S detection.
Active Filter Element and Its Application to a Fourier Comb (1961)

An active bandpass filter has been developed with the desirable feature of wide Q control over the range of frequencies extending to ∼4 kc. The Q has been made as high as 250 with good stability characteristics over this range. The flexibility of the filter has been illustrated by the construction of a filter bank tuned to select Fourier components of a 50-cps periodic wave in a typical noise environment and recombine them with no added relative phase shift and with equal gain to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Hydride Reduction of 2‐(N‐Cyanoimino)thiazolidine Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Yeast Methylotrophy: Metabolism, Gene Regulation and Peroxisome Homeostasis (2011)

Eukaryotic methylotrophs, which are able to obtain all the carbon and energy needed for growth from methanol, are restricted to a limited number of yeast species. When these yeasts are grown on methanol as the sole carbon and energy source, the enzymes involved in methanol metabolism are strongly induced, and the membrane-bound organelles, peroxisomes, which contain key enzymes of methanol metabolism, proliferate massively. These features have made methylotrophic yeasts attractive hosts for the production of heterologous proteins and useful model organisms for the study of peroxisome biogenesis and degradation. In this paper, we describe recent insights into the molecular basis of yeast methylotrophy.
Does Preinjection Binding of Indocyanine Green to Serum Actually Improve Angiograms? (1994)

In the September 1993 issue of theArchives, Yoneya and Noyori<sup>1</sup>reported that visualization of the choroidal circulation of Japanese monkeys in indocyanine green (ICG) angiograms was improved by binding ICG with autologous serum before injecting it, and they suggested that this method be used in human patients. Before recommending human use of such a technique, however, the potential benefits of that technique must be carefully weighed against its costs in terms of added difficulty and risk to both patient and angiographer. In this case, a significant benefit has not been convincingly demonstrated, making the additional costs in procedure time and risks associated with blood handling and preparation seem unwarranted. Yoneya and Noyori determined that in vitro equilibrium between ICG dye and a volume of serum albumin required 10 minutes, and since it is well known that fluorescence of protein-bound ICG is considerably greater than that of ICG in
l-Arabinose improves hypercholesterolemia via regulating bile acid metabolism in high-fat-high-sucrose diet-fed mice (2022)

L-Arabinose supplementation exhibits hypocholesterolemic effects in HFHSD-fed mice primarily due to regulation of bile acid metabolism-related pathways.
Nanofluid-based receivers for high-temperature, high-flux direct solar collectors (2010)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.