gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Details of the Surface Composition of Electrochemically Prepared Au@Pd Core@Shell Nanoparticles with in Situ EXAFS (2013)

Carbon supported Au@Pd core@shell nanoparticles were prepared using two methods based on displacement of a Cu-under potential deposited (upd) layer; the standard method, in which a single Cu-upd layer is formed and then displaced, and a Cu-upd-mediated deposition method, wherein the Pd displaces the Cu-upd layer during the Cu deposition. The resulting materials were characterized using in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure as a function of the applied potential in an electrochemical cell at both the Au L3 and Pd K absorption edges. This detailed structural analysis shows that the standard, single Cu-upd layer method results in the formation of Pd clusters or islands on the Au core rather than a complete monolayer shell, while the Cu-upd-mediated method produces a mixed/alloyed PdAu shell.
A low cost, disposable cable-shaped Al–air battery for portable biosensors (2016)

A disposable cable-shaped flexible battery is presented using a simple, low cost manufacturing process. The working principle of an aluminum–air galvanic cell is used for the cable-shaped battery to power portable and point-of-care medical devices. The battery is catalyzed with a carbon nanotube (CNT)-paper matrix. A scalable manufacturing process using a lathe is developed to wrap a paper layer and a CNT-paper matrix on an aluminum wire. The matrix is then wrapped with a silver-plated copper wire to form the battery cell. The battery is activated through absorption of electrolytes including phosphate-buffered saline, NaOH, urine, saliva, and blood into the CNT-paper matrix. The maximum electric power using a 10 mm-long battery cell is over 1.5 mW. As a demonstration, an LED is powered using two groups of four batteries in parallel connected in series. Considering the material composition and the cable-shaped configuration, the battery is fully disposable, flexible, and potentially compatible with portable biosensors through activation by either reagents or biological fluids.
Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Characterization of Anti-CD79b/CD3 T Cell-Dependent Bispecific Antibody Using a Surrogate Molecule: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for B Cell Malignancies (2022)

The T cell-dependent bispecific (TDB) antibody, anti-CD79b/CD3, targets CD79b and CD3 cell-surface receptors expressed on B cells and T cells, respectively. Since the anti-CD79b arm of this TDB binds only to human CD79b, a surrogate TDB that binds to cynomolgus monkey CD79b (cyCD79b) was used for preclinical characterization. To evaluate the impact of CD3 binding affinity on the TDB pharmacokinetics (PK), we utilized non-tumor-targeting bispecific anti-gD/CD3 antibodies composed of a low/high CD3 affinity arm along with a monospecific anti-gD arm as controls in monkeys and mice. An integrated PKPD model was developed to characterize PK and pharmacodynamics (PD). This study revealed the impact of CD3 binding affinity on anti-cyCD79b/CD3 PK. The surrogate anti-cyCD79b/CD3 TDB was highly effective in killing CD79b-expressing B cells and exhibited nonlinear PK in monkeys, consistent with target-mediated clearance. A dose-dependent decrease in B cell counts in peripheral blood was observed, as expected. Modeling indicated that anti-cyCD79b/CD3 TDB's rapid and target-mediated clearance may be attributed to faster internalization of CD79b, in addition to enhanced CD3 binding. The model yielded unbiased and precise curve fits. These findings highlight the complex interaction between TDBs and their targets and may be applicable to the development of other biotherapeutics.
Low Cost Station Keeping Maneuvers for a Small-Satellites Constellation in TUNDRA Orbits (2025)

A constellation of three small satellites placed, in highly inclined geosynchronous eccentric orbits equally spaced, can provide a continuous coverage of a service zone at high latitudes. Satellites on such orbits (TUNDRA) will spend most of the time around the apogee and each satellite of the constellation is required to be at a certain position in the orbit at a fixed time interval, in order to keep the constellation synchronism, which is requested by the user's antenna to have at switch-over time an isopower signal. To counteract the orbit perturbations (mainly due to lunisolar effects), that do not preserve the subtract longitude and synchronism, a low cost maneuvers strategy is proposed. These maneuvers are designed to control both the principal requirements (longitude and synchronism) by adjusting only the semimajor axis (in-plane maneuvers). Since perigee burns are more economical than apogee burns only the apogee radius is adjusted. The evolution of the orbit parameters with a typical sequence of maneuvers is examined including the effects of the moon, sun and a reduced (forth-order) Earth potential model. The effects of the atmospheric drag have not been taken into account due to the high perigee altitude. The maneuvers strategy proposed seems to be very promising in terms of delta-V. This result could yield a favorable opportunity in the use of small satellites for long duration missions (e.g. 5-7 years).
Diffusion Mechanism of Rejuvenator and Its Effects on the Physical and Rheological Performance of Aged Asphalt Binder (2019)

Using rejuvenator to improve the asphalt pavement service state has become an increasing concern in recent years. This study mainly focuses on the diffusion analysis between rejuvenator and aged asphalt, and further rheological influences by addition of rejuvenators. First, two rejuvenators, oil rejuvenator (OR) and penetrative rejuvenator (PR), were prepared in the laboratory. Afterward, the diffused performance of rejuvenators was investigated by viscosity, contact angle, and three self-designed feasible test indexes, which were sinking time test, softening rate test, and gravitational collapsing test. Beside the comparison in physical properties tests of aged and rejuvenated asphalt, their rheological performances were also evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) respectively. The results indicated that three proposed indexes can comparatively analyze the diffusion rate of different rejuvenators on aged asphalt effectively. Furthermore, all adopted test indexes signaled that PR has a faster diffusion rate and better penetrative efficiency. Comparatively, exceeding rejuvenator dosage would increase the rutting possibility. Nevertheless, 2.5 wt% addition dosage for both OR and PR into aged asphalt can promote appropriate improvement in physical properties and crack resistance. The study would supply a significant reference for penetrative rejuvenator preparation and its diffusing evaluation.
Construction and Demonstration of a Standardized Hop Boiled Water Extraction Method and its Application for a Sensory Evaluation System of Hop Aroma Characteristics (2016)

Hops impart characteristic flavors to beer. The key hop aroma compounds contributing to beer flavor have been intensively identified and studied; however, sensory evaluation remains necessary to evaluate hop aromas. High-throughput evaluation is vital, especially for preliminary hop seedling selection in breeding programs. Most of the volatile essential oils in hops are significantly evaporated during the wort boiling process after hop dosing. Furthermore, the compositions of essential oils in the boiled wort are changed from the original compositions in the hops as a result of the chemical and physical properties of the volatile aroma components, such as hydrophobicity and volatility. The so-called hop tea method is conducted to facilitate hop development but has not yet been scientifically discussed. In this study, we propose a sensory evaluation system of hop aromas based on the standardized hop boiled water (HBW) extraction method, in which hops are dosed to an α-acid level of 0.5 g/L in distilled water in glass flasks and autoclaved. Descriptive sensory evaluation was applied for the HBW samples, and nine descriptors were established for HBW evaluation. The results indicated that HBW extraction provided a good simulation of late-hopping in the wort boiling process. The aroma characteristics of hop varieties, even those harvested in different crop years, could be characterized by the sensory evaluation system. Moreover, the flavor hops were discriminated from the other categories of hop varieties (aroma hops and bitter hops). Consequently, the HBW method and sensory evaluation system proposed in this report allow for a high-throughput evaluation of hop cone samples suitable for the selection of new flavor hops.
Free-standing polymeric optical waveguide films for optical interconnections (1997)

Extremely low-loss (< 0.03 dB/cm) polymeric waveguide films have been used to study the bending, curve and 45°-mirror losses and the crosstalk with a view to practical use in multimode optical interconnects. Waveguide-to-fiber connections are also demonstrated.
The Spreading of Inkjet‐Printed Droplets with Varying Polymer Molar Mass on a Dry Solid Substrate (2009)

Abstract An experimental study on the spreading of inkjet printed droplets of a polystyrene/toluene solution with varied molar masses on solid dry surfaces is presented. The polymer's number‐averaged molar mass was varied between 1.5 and 545 kDa, which also caused a variation in the viscosity from 0.6 to 1.7 mPa · s. The results were compared with theoretical models for droplet spreading and were found to fit with an error between 2 and 20% with the predictions. Furthermore, the in‐flight evaporation of the free‐falling droplet was investigated for polystyrene/toluene solutions that have a constant vapor pressure by printing from a systematically increased height. magnified image
Beam-Size-Invariant Spectropolarimeters Using Gap-Plasmon Metasurfaces (2017)

Metasurfaces enable exceptional control over the light with surface-confined planar components, offering the fascinating possibility of very dense integration and miniaturization in photonics. Here, we design, fabricate, and experimentally demonstrate chip-size plasmonic spectropolarimeters, consisting of three gap-plasmon phase-gradient metasurfaces that occupy 120° circular sectors each, for simultaneous polarization state and wavelength determination. The spectropolarimeters diffract normally incident light to six predesigned directions, whose polar angles are proportional to the light wavelength, while contrasts in the corresponding diffraction intensities provide a direct measure of the incident polarization state through retrieval of the associated Stokes parameters. The proof-of-concept 96-μm-diameter spectropolarimeter operating in the wavelength range of 750–950 nm exhibits the expected polarization selectivity and high angular dispersion (0.0133°/nm for the |x⟩ channel). Moreover, we show that, due to the circular-sector design, polarization analysis can be conducted for optical beams of different diameters without prior calibration, demonstrating thereby the beam-size-invariant functionality. The proposed spectropolarimeters are compact, cost-effective, and robust and promise high-performance real-time polarization and spectral measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxygenation of Thieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes. (2010)

Abstract The reaction of thieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes with HOF·MeCN is found to allow efficient access to dioxides of type (II).
Antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of the leaves of Rhinacanthus nastus Linn. (2009)

ABSTRACT: The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of the leaves of Rhinacanthus nastus was investigated against various strains of bacteria and fungi viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgarius and Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extract in a dose of 20 mgml-1 showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans when compared with the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin (10 mcg/disc) and ketoconazole (10 mcg/disc) respectively. Methanolic extract showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
The oncogenic action of ionizing radiation on rat skin (1989)

Progress is described in three areas corresponding to carcinogenesis and DNA strand breaks in rat skin following exposure by the neon ions or electrons; oncogene activation in radiation-induced rat skin cancers; and DNA strand breaks in the epidermis as a function of radiation penetration. Approximately 200 rats were exposed to the neon ion beam at the Bevalac in Berkeley, CA. The carcinogenicity of energetic electrons (2.0 Mev) was determined for comparison with the neon ion results. For double skin thickness irradiations electrons there was an unusually large excess of connective tissue tumors, fibromas and sarcomas. Presumably the latter tumors are occurring, because more connective tissue is exposed by deeply penetrating, i.e., energetic, beams. 13 refs.
THIONO COMPOUNDS, 7. OXIDATION OF THIOAMIDES IN RELATION TO ADVERSE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS1 (1986)

Abstract Thioacetamide, thioacetamide S-oxide (1), and thiopivalamide S-oxide (8) were oxidized with H2O2 in H2 18O to generate the corresponding amides with at least 50% 18O incorporation; hydrolysis of the S-oxides to the amides or 18O exchange with the amides occurs much more slowly. When 1 and trifluorothioacetamide (6) were oxidized with three and four equivalents of H2O2, respectively, in the presence of benzylamine, N-acetylbemylamine (5) and N-benzyltrifluoroacetamide (7) were isolated in respective yields of 17% and 37%. These results are interpreted as evidence for an oxidative desulfurization mechanism involving nucleophilic attack at the carbon atom of an S,S-dioxide or trioxide intermediate as the major pathway; a minor pathway may involve the intermediacy of an oxathiirane S -oxide (3) or dioxide (4) species. Understanding is added to the behavior of S-oxides in aqueous solution, as well as to thermal stability in deuterochloroform. Also reported are studies of the preparation and properties of some N,N-dialkyl derivatives of 8, of reduction of 1 with NADH or NADPH, and of generation and trapping of species related to sulfoxylate ion.
A Compact Full 2π Flexoelectro‐Optic Liquid Crystal Phase Modulator (2020)

Abstract Wavefront shaping, which is often achieved using liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulators, is particularly important for a wide range of applications including laser microfabrication and micromanipulation, microscopy, and quantum optics. In this work, results are presented for the first integrated LC phase modulator that combines a flexoelectro‐optic LC layer (that behaves as a switchable λ/2 waveplate) with a polymerized reactive mesogen layer (which acts as a λ/4 waveplate) and a mirrored substrate that creates a double‐pass geometry. For a flexoelectro‐optic LC layer that exhibits switching angles of ±45° at a voltage of ±85 V a full 2π phase modulation is observed when driven by a 1 kHz waveform. Experimental results are also compared with modeling using Jones calculus of the amplitude and phase variation when the LC and the polymer layer deviate from their desired waveplate conditions. The development and demonstration of an integrated device is particularly significant for applications where size and cost are critical factors such as in LiDAR for the Space and Automotive industries, respectively.
Decreasing saw-tooth priority (DSTP) based product data classifier (2004)

With the advancement of Web technology, huge information about products is available online in B2B market. Quite often the available product data is only of short description. This short description product data is needed to be classified to specific categories of a desired schema, before it can be used. Most of the classifiers available presently require training and do not provide expected results when the data is of small description. Also, almost none of these consider the variation in the importance across the terms (words/phrases) along the input (sentences). For classification of such data, our decreasing-saw-tooth-priority based data classifier takes care of such variation. It makes use of information provided in schema only, hence does not require any training. Our classifier has been applied on such type of real life data taken from various domains. Results underscores the superiority of our classifier in terms of its accuracy as compared to others.
Personalizing patient care (2012)

Personalized health care has been anticipated for decades. Yet in its breadth and in the way we would like it to be practiced, it is still in its infancy.
NASA's Optical Program on Ascension Island: Bringing MCAT to Life as the Eugene Stansbery-Meter Class Autonomous Telescope (ES-MCAT) (2017)

In June 2015, the construction of the Meter Class Autonomous Telescope was completed and MCAT saw the light of the stars for the first time. In 2017, MCAT was newly dedicated as the Eugene Stansbery-MCAT telescope by NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office (ODPO), in honor of his inspiration and dedication to this newest optical member of the NASA ODPO. Since that time, MCAT has viewed the skies with one engineering camera and two scientific cameras, and the ODPO optical team has begun the process of vetting the entire system. The full system vetting includes verification and validation of: (1) the hardware comprising the system (e.g. the telescopes and its instruments, the dome, weather systems, all-sky camera, FLIR cloud infrared camera, etc.), (2) the custom-written Observatory Control System (OCS) master software designed to autonomously control this complex system of instruments, each with its own control software, and (3) the custom written Orbital Debris Processing software for post-processing the data. ES-MCAT is now capable of autonomous observing to include Geosynchronous survey, TLE (Two-line element) tracking of individual catalogued debris at all orbital regimes (Low-Earth Orbit all the way to Geosynchronous (GEO) orbit), tracking at specified non-sidereal rates, as well as sidereal rates for proper calibration with standard stars. Ultimately, the data will be used for validation of NASA's Orbital Debris Engineering Model, ORDEM, which aids in engineering designs of spacecraft that require knowledge of the orbital debris environment and long-term risks for collisions with Resident Space Objects (RSOs).
The systemic activation of platelets by Dacron grafts. (1988)

Dacron (polyester fiber), a stimulus to platelet aggregation in vitro, accumulates platelets to a greater extent in vivo than autogenous artery, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or human umbilical vein (HUV). We conducted a series of experiments using the ex vivo shunt in the baboon to determine whether or not systemic activation of platelet function was produced by a Dacron graft. Two 5 centimeter segments of 4 millimeter internal diameter graft materials were placed in series in the ex vivo shunt perfused at 25 milliliters per minute flow rate for two and one-half hours. Deposition of autologous Indium 111 labeled platelets was monitored. The ex vivo shunt procedures were divided into two groups, both with PTFE as the proximal graft: one with a distal Dacron graft (n = 21), the second with PTFE or HUV distally (n = 17). In this study, an increase in platelet deposition on the proximal PTFE graft represents systemic platelet activation caused by the distal graft. Increased platelet deposition on PTFE was noted at all time points in the presence of a Dacron graft (p less than 0.05). This property of Dacron has important clinical implications, potentially accelerating the progression of vascular disease, increasing the failure rate of composite grafts and subsequent arterial reconstruction.
Structural Modifications on Natural-based Products: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Applications (2014)

Coumarins are a class of heterocyclic compounds present in a significant quantity in several plants. The simplest coumarin, a benzene ring fused with a pyran-2-one heterocycle, was first discovered in the 19th century and since then, due to the synthetic accessibility and the biological properties of its derivatives, has been playing an important role in the Medicinal Chemistry field. In fact, coumarins have been previously described as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, enzymatic inhibitory and antioxidant agents.Another two interesting compounds found widely in nature are resveratrol derivatives and chalcones. Both families of compounds are known for having remarkable antioxidant activity, cardio- and neuroprotective effects, among other relevant biological properties. Therefore, we devised several synthetic strategies to incorporate these natural products in one compound, combining their potential as promising agents for the treatment of several illnesses. In our group, we have already synthesised multiple novel compounds incorporating into the coumarin scaffold the resveratrol or chalcones moieties with remarkable activities towards different pharmacological targets. In this work, we continue exploiting this strategy by incorporating different linkers at coumarin position 3, thus giving us a wide range of possibilities for new compounds.
Cell-based analysis reveals that sex-determining gene signals in Ostrinia are pivotally changed by male-killing Wolbachia (2022)

<i>Wolbachia</i>, a maternally transmitted bacterium, shows male-killing, an adaptive phenotype for cytoplasmic elements, in various arthropod species during the early developmental stages. In lepidopteran insects, lethality of males is accounted for by improper dosage compensation in sex-linked genes owing to <i>Wolbachia</i>-induced feminization. Herein, we established <i>Ostrinia scapulalis</i> cell lines that retained sex specificity per the splicing pattern of the sex-determining gene <i>doublesex</i> (<i>Osdsx</i>). We found that <i>Wolbachia</i> transinfection in male cell lines enhanced the female-specific splice variant of <i>Osdsx</i> (<i>Osdsx<sup>F</sup></i> ) while suppressing the male-specific variant (<i>Osdsx<sup>M</sup></i> ), indicating that <i>Wolbachia</i> affects sex-determining gene signals even in vitro. Comparative transcriptome analysis isolated only two genes that behave differently upon <i>Wolbachia</i> infection. The two genes were respectively homologous to <i>Masculinizer</i> (<i>BmMasc</i>) and <i>zinc finger-2</i> (<i>Bmznf-2</i>), male-specifically expressed sex-determining genes of the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> that encode CCCH-type zinc finger motif proteins. By using cultured cells and organismal samples, <i>OsMasc</i> and <i>Osznf-2</i> were found to be sex-determining genes of <i>O. scapulalis</i> that are subjected to sex-specific alternative splicing depending upon the chromosomal sex, developmental stage, and infection status. Overall, our findings expound the cellular autonomy in insect sex determination and the mechanism through which sex is manipulated by intracellular selfish microbes.
Coordinated downlink precoder design for regenerative multi-user relaying (2012)

Regenerative relaying is an efficient method of increasing the achievable capacity and cell coverage. We propose a weighted mean squared error (WMSE) minimization based throughput maximizing precoder design subject to separate sum transmit power constraints for the base station (BS) and relay station (RS). The proposed algorithm is implemented in a distributed manner, thus, further improving the efficiency. We assume a system consisting of a single multi-antenna BS and multi-antenna RS, both of which are serving multiple single-antenna users. We consider a two-stage transmission strategy, in which, at the first stage, BS transmits to the associated users and the RS. At the second stage, the BS and RS transmit to their associated users. It is demonstrated that, with appropriate over-the-air (OTA) signaling, the system performance can be significantly improved.