gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated estimation of foliage cover in forest understorey from digital nadir images (2011)

Summary 1. Understorey vegetation can contribute significantly to the foliage cover and gas exchange of forest and impact the accuracy of remotely‐sensed vegetation indices. Visual assessment is a rapid means of estimating cover, but its drawbacks include bias and inconsistency between observers and observation periods and the inability of observers to distinguish between cover intervals smaller than 10%. The accuracy of visual assessment is unlikely to be able to reliably detect changes smaller than 10%. Hence, there is a need for rapid and accurate alternatives for estimating understorey cover in forests. 2. Nadir (downward facing) photography is an alternative method that has been applied successfully in agriculture but not tested in forests. Detection of green foliage in images of forest understorey is far more challenging than in images of agricultural crops owing to the heterogeneity of the vegetation, the background and the lighting conditions. We tested several image analysis approaches to classifying and quantifying foliage cover in images taken from a height of 3–4 m above the ground using a digital SLR camera on an extendible pole. To reduce the impact of lighting variations on image processing, we converted red, green and blue (RGB) digital numbers from the RGB image to green leaf algorithm (GLA) values and to the CIE L*a*b* colour model prior to analysis. 3. The most successful classification method (LAB2) utilised the GLA, a* and b* values of each pixel to classify green vegetation using a minimum‐distance‐to‐means classifier. A histogram‐corner detection method (Rosin) was superior to other methods when cover was &lt;10%. Between‐class variance methods were the least accurate methods. Owing to the spectral complexity of the forest floor, it was necessary to filter noise from the classified images. Further work is needed to separate shades of gray from hues of green in images with sparse cover and coarse woody debris. 4. Synthesis and Applications . We propose that the LAB2 method be used to quantify foliage cover in nadir images of understorey with cover &gt;10% but that the Rosin method be used for cover &lt;10%. The automated methodology that we have developed yields estimates of foliage cover in forest understorey from digital photography that are rapid, objective and at least as accurate as visual assessment (i.e. within 5%). User intervention is limited to quality control. The improved method could be extended to indirect estimation of leaf area index for studies of forest water balance and productivity.
Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media (1997)

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently isolated pathogens in patients with acute otitis media (AOM). Other potential causative pathogens include Streptococcus pyogenes in older children and Chlamydia pneumoniae in younger children. The recent emergence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and the increasing frequency of beta-lactamase-producing strains of M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae are creating concerns regarding the use of amoxicillin as traditional first line empiric therapy for AOM in younger children. Both the in vitro antibiotic activity against these more resistant causative pathogens and the antibiotic concentrations achieved in middle ear fluid must be considered when selecting antibiotics for treatment of refractory AOM. The newer macrolides, azithromycin and clarithromycin, provide reasonable in vitro coverage against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae, although azithromycin is more active against the latter. Both drugs also achieve notably higher, sustained concentrations in middle ear fluid than do beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus the newer macrolides represent important new rational alternatives for the management of AOM.
Attenuated response of renal mechanoreceptors to volume expansion in chronically hypoxic rats (1997)

Multifiber renal afferent nerve activity responds to volume expansion in sea level rats but not in chronically hypoxic (high altitude) rats. We performed single-unit recordings of renal afferent nerve activity to characterize renal sensory receptors and their responses to volume expansion in these animals. Hypoxia was induced by placing Wistar rats in an altitude chamber (380 Torr, 5,500 m) for 4 wk. Spontaneously firing renal R2 chemoreceptor and arterial, ureteropelvic, and venous mechanoreceptors were identified. The basal activity of each receptor was similar among these rats. In response to specific stimulus, the increasing impulse of R2 chemoreceptor was similar between two groups of rats, but the increasing activity of each mechanoreceptor was less in hypoxic rats. When challenged with saline load, R2 chemoreceptor activity decreased, but all mechanoreceptors activated in all rats. Despite similar increases of arterial, renal ureteropelvic, and venous pressure during saline load, the increasing activity of each mechanoreceptor was significantly less in hypoxic rats. These results indicated chronic hypoxia attenuates the sensitivity of renal mechanoreceptors in response to the stimulation of saline load.
Relationship of Antibody to Outcome in Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (1980)

Neutralizing antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 were measured at birth in normal infants and uninfected infants of mothers with genital HSV infections during pregnancy and at the onset of infection in 5 infants with mild infections and 11 infants with severe infections. Thirty-eight percent of premature and 29% of term infants had neutralization titers of <1:5. High titers ([unk]1:40) were found in 55% of infants of mothers with primary infections during pregnancy and in 76% of infants of mothers with recurrent infections. The mean titers to HSV-1 and -2 in 5 infected infants with mild infections were 1:56 and 1:65 at the time of onset of infection, whereas the mean titers in 11 infants with severe infections were 1:11 and 1:12. Six natally exposed infants who remained asymptomatic were also studied and had a mean titer to HSV-1 of 1:85 and to HSV-2 of 1:69. Therefore, infants with high titers of transplacentally derived antibody had a more favorable outcome than infants with lower titers. Ninety-five percent of the infants of mothers with recurrent infections had a Rawls index of more than 85, suggesting that the antibody response was to HSV-2. However, low levels of antibody with this type specificity failed to protect four infants from infection with HSV-2. Augmentation of the neutralization titer to HSV-2 by the amount of complement present in cord serum was less than twofold. The study suggests that the quantity of antibody derived transplacentally affects the outcome of infection after natal exposure to herpes simplex virus. Complete neutralization of virus by antibody may occur in some infants, and prolongation of the incubation period and modification of the infection may occur in others.
Educación para la salud en escuelas argentinas: concurso de plástica como actividad motivadora (2009)

The purpose of this study was to plan health education efforts that integrate the health and education sectors. From March to November 2004, an art contest was held for 7th-9th grade students in 109 schools in 11 of Argentina's provinces. The contest allowed improvements in knowledge to be measured and adjustments to be made to the curriculum. The students created works of art featuring tuberculosis. To evaluate knowledge acquired, two provinces were chosen at random. Student knowledge had increased from 67.2% to 96.4%. The administrators and teachers testified to the usefulness of the materials developed. These results show that when the efforts of health and education sectors are coordinated and the appropriate materials are leveraged, the efforts of educators can be substantially bolstered.
MMP-2- and MMP-9-Linked Gelatinolytic Activity in the Sputum from Patients with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2000)

Asthmatics and COPD patients display an increased gelatinolytic activity linked to MMP-2 and MMP-9 and higher levels of TIMP-1 in their sputum.
Si le bruit rend sourd, rend-il nécessairement sourde ? (2011)

Au Québec, des données spécifiques concernant les conditions d’emploi, de travail et de rémunération des hommes et des femmes sont publiées régulièrement. Depuis peu, des données ventilées selon le sexe commencent à alimenter les efforts de prévention en santé au travail. Malgré ces progrès, certains défis techniques, idéologiques et politiques demeurent: allant des difficultés dans les calculs des populations à risque, à la réticence à adapter les postes de travail ou à adapter la formation à la spécificité biologique des femmes. La recherche sur la santé des femmes au travail a beaucoup progressé, mais il reste plusieurs étapes à franchir. Notons également que les spécificités associées au genre des hommes sont presqu'entièrement oubliées dans les études. Il est difficile de conserver un équilibre entre la protection de la santé et l’égalité des sexes dans la recherche et l’intervention en santé au travail. Pour assurer cet équilibre, la recherche doit se faire en collaboration avec les travailleuses et travailleurs. Ils peuvent ainsi contribuer à construire une base solide d’informations qui permettront aux gouvernements, aux organismes responsables de la prévention en santé au travail, aux employeurs et aux syndicats de tenir compte, dans leurs politiques, des besoins des deux sexes en santé au travail.
Athletic Analysis With a Racing Heart (2001)

Downhill skiers enter a different dimension on the racecourse, but they are still subject to the laws of physics. A new Swiss system integrates GPS, video, and biosensors for precise position, velocity and heart-rate measurement, helping coaches and athletes plot the best "line" and improve training procedures - while enhancing television broadcasts.
Physiological responses of CHO cells to repetitive hydrodynamic stress (2009)

A majority of the previous investigations on the hydrodynamic sensitivity of mammalian cells have focused on lethal effects as determined by cell death or lysis. In this study, we investigated the effect of hydrodynamic stress on CHO cells in a fed-batch process using a previously reported system which subjects cells to repetitive, high levels of hydrodynamic stress, quantified by energy dissipation rate (EDR). The results indicated that cell growth and monoclonal antibody production of the test cells were very resistant to the hydrodynamic stress. Compared to the control, no significant variation was observed at the highest EDR tested, 6.4 x 10(6) W/m(3). Most product quality attributes were not affected by intense hydrodynamic stress either. The only significant impact was on glycosylation. A shift of glycosylation pattern was observed at EDR levels at or higher than 6.0 x 10(4) W/m(3), which is two orders of magnitude lower than the EDR where physical cell damage, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release, was observed. While not as extensively investigated, a second monoclonal antibody produced in a different CHO clone exhibited the same glycosylation change at an intensive EDR, 2.9 x 10(5) W/m(3). Conversely, a low EDR of 0.9 x 10(2) W/m(3) had no effect on the glycosylation pattern. As 6.0 x 10(4) W/m(3), the lowest EDR that triggers the glycosylation shift, is about one order of magnitude higher than the estimated, maximum EDR in typically operated, large-scale stirred tank bioreactors, further studies in a lower EDR range of 1 x 10(3)-6.0 x 10(4) W/m(3) are needed to assess the glycosylation shift effect under typical large-scale bioreactor operation conditions. Follow-up studies in stirred tanks are also needed to confirm the glycosylation shift effect and to validate the repetitive hydrodynamic stress model.
A light‐scattering study of the molecular parameters of polycaprolactam (1967)

Abstract This paper describes a study of dilute solutions of polycaprolactam in mixed solvents TFP‐H 2 O‐LiCl with the objective of finding the most convenient solvent for determining the molecular weight of polyamides by the light‐scattering method. Selective adsorption of both TFP and LiCl on the polyamide has been proved and quantitatively determined. The adsorption of TFP decreases the measured value of molecular weight, whereas that of LiCl increases it. A composition has been found (TFP‐10% H 2 O‐0.1 M LiCl) in which the two effects exactly compensate. In this mixed solvent 24 fractions of hydrolytic and alkaline polycaprolactams were measured in a range M w = 9 × 103 3 to 3.5 × 10 5 . The same solvent and m ‐cresol have also been selected for measuring the intrinsic viscosities and determining the constants of the Mark‐Houwink equation.
On the Elongated Single Domain Iron-Cobalt Magnet and its Magnetic Properties (1960)

the Elongated Single Domain Iron-Cobalt Magnet and its Magnetic Properties Elongated single domain iron-cobalt fine powders were prepared by electrodeposition onto a mercury cathode After heat-treating at 175-250C for 10-60 minutes their average diameters and dimensional ratios were examinedusing the distribution graphs obtained from their electron micrographs Our experiments have shown that in such surface-oxidized particles the inner metallic part is enriched in cobaltwhereas the oxidized surface is enriched in iron because of the selective oxidization of iron Also on the basis of the relation between the cobalt content and the coercive force of particles of given average diameter and average dimension ratio it was shown that these particles exhibited shape ani-
The developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) automated resting-state functional processing framework for newborn infants (2020)

The developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) aims to create a detailed 4-dimensional connectome of early life spanning 20-45 weeks post-menstrual age. This is being achieved through the acquisition of multi-modal MRI data from over 1000 in- and ex-utero subjects combined with the development of optimised pre-processing pipelines. In this paper we present an automated and robust pipeline to minimally pre-process highly confounded neonatal resting-state fMRI data, robustly, with low failure rates and high quality-assurance. The pipeline has been designed to specifically address the challenges that neonatal data presents including low and variable contrast and high levels of head motion. We provide a detailed description and evaluation of the pipeline which includes integrated slice-to-volume motion correction and dynamic susceptibility distortion correction, a robust multimodal registration approach, bespoke ICA-based denoising, and an automated QC framework. We assess these components on a large cohort of dHCP subjects and demonstrate that processing refinements integrated into the pipeline provide substantial reduction in movement related distortions, resulting in significant improvements in SNR, and detection of high quality RSNs from neonates.
Mechanical properties of temperature sensitive microgel/polyacrylamide composite hydrogels—from soft to hard fillers (2012)

In this study we investigated the mechanical properties of composite hydrogels based on a polyacrylamide (PAAm) matrix with embedded temperature sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) microgels. We analysed the mechanical properties of the composite material with tensile tests, shear and cavitation rheology. The results of the different experiments displayed an enhancement of mechanical stability with increasing concentration of incorporated microgels. The improved stability is related to an increase of physical cross-linking points due to the incorporation of the microgels. The incorporation of temperature responsive microgel particles introduces temperature sensitive mechanical behaviour of the composite hydrogels. The collapse of the microgels inside the polyacrylamide matrix leads to a change of the volume of the filler particles as well as to a change from a soft filler to a hard filler. The influence of the hard particles on the mechanical stability of the matrix is much stronger which leads to materials with enhanced mechanical properties at high temperatures.
Effects of paraprobiotic MIMLh5 in the treatment of chronic rhinopharyngitis (2020)

BACKGROUND: The treatment of recurrent rhinopharyngitis is mostly symptomatic and based on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mi-HA is a new product based on the dairy strain Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5, an inactivated food grade bacterium isolated from Grana Padano cheese, which has immunomodulatory properties and prevents bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. We retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of Mi-HA to treat recurring rhinopharyngitis. METHODS: Twenty-two adults and 16 children with a history of recurrent rhinopharyngitis (at least three episodes in the year preceding the study) were treated with Mi-HA, one buccal tablet (109 L. helveticus) a day for 90 days. Clinical symptoms were assessed before and after the treatment with a 20-item sino-nasal outcome test questionnaire (SNOT-20) and visual analogue scales (VAS) for nasal obstruction, headache, anosmia, nasopharyngeal drain, sneezing, and cough. Specimens for nasal cytology were collected and inflammation was evaluated by assessing C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and antistreptolysin O titles. In children, the pathogenic bacterial flora was searched in pharynx swabs. RESULTS: Both adult and pediatric patients presented a significant decrease of SNOT-20 and an improvement of VAS scores for all the symptoms assessed but nasopharyngeal drain in adults and headache in children. In nasal swabs the number of muciparous cells and neutrophyls decreased as well as phlogistic indices in the blood. In children the incidence of positive pharyngeal swabs was lower after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that Mi-HA may be a useful adjunct for the prevention of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.
Manometric assay and properties of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (1960)

Research Article| August 01 1960 Manometric assay and properties of pancreatic cholesterol esterase M. Korzenovsky; M. Korzenovsky 1Biochemical Research Division, The Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. R. Diller; E. R. Diller 1Biochemical Research Division, The Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Anne C. Marshall; Anne C. Marshall 1Biochemical Research Division, The Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Barbara M. Auda Barbara M. Auda 1Biochemical Research Division, The Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Biochem J (1960) 76 (2): 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0760238 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M. Korzenovsky, E. R. Diller, Anne C. Marshall, Barbara M. Auda; Manometric assay and properties of pancreatic cholesterol esterase. Biochem J 1 August 1960; 76 (2): 238–245. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0760238 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Mouse hepatic neoplasm formation induced by trace level and low frequency exposure to diethylnitrosamine through β-catenin signaling pathway (2015)

It has been reported that massive levels or/and high frequency exposure of diethylnitrosamine could induce hepatic neoplasm. However, it would be more interesting to figure out the hepatotoxic effects of diethylnitrosamine exposure at trace level and low frequency, which could be more common in our daily life. We found that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin were aberrant in all liver tissues, accompanied by inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis and hepatic neoplasm after 10-week exposure of diethylnitrosamine (dissolved in sesame oil, 0.16 mmol per kg body weight) to mice. In addition, gradual increase in the mRNA expression of several pivotal risk factors (TNF-α, COX-2, PPAR-γ, AP-2, Smad-2, TGF-β1, and C-myc), as well as their protein expression levels, were associated with the aberrant expression or/and nucleus localization of β-catenin. Altogether, our results show that long-term diethylnitrosamine exposure at trace amounts and low frequency can also induce hepatotoxicity (including inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis) and consequently aberrant activation of β-catenin which in turn plays an important role in the initiation and promotion of liver tumors.
Size-controlled and large-scale synthesis of organic-soluble Ag nanocrystals in water and their formation mechanism (2011)

Organic-soluble Ag nanocrystals (NCs) with tunable sizes in the range from 5.4 to 22.1 nm were synthesized by a facile, reproducible and easily scaled up route using water as solvent in the presence of oleic acid and an alkylamine. The synthetic Ag NCs exhibits excellent hydrophobicity and can be well re-dispersed in various non- or weak-polar media. The tunable sizes of the Ag NCs were achieved by simply adjusting the initial precursor AgNO3 concentration. Large-scale synthesis of the Ag NCs was realized at a high AgNO3 concentration (0.4 mol/L). As much as 16.2 g highly uniform organic-soluble Ag NCs with 5 nm average diameter can be readily synthesized at low cost in a single reaction only using 400 mL water as solvent, which is adaptable to the industrial scale production. The structure of the obtained Ag NCs was investigated in detail by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermal gravimetric analysis measurements. The results reveal that the surface of the organic-soluble Ag NCs is coated with the monolayer surfactants consisting of oleic acid and the alkylamine. In addition, on the basis of the sufficient evidences, a proposed mechanism based on the “bilayer surfactant-controlled reaction” successfully demonstrates the formation of high quality organic-soluble Ag NCs in the aqueous solution.
발효숙성된 진공포장 돼지고기의 저장 중 품질 변화 (2004)

본 연구는 도축 후 24시간 냉각된 지육에서 등심 부위를 채취하여 $7{\times}10{\times}2cm$ 크기로 자른 후 양념 반죽에 각각 침지(양념페이스트 1: 등심 1)시켜 $1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 에서는 10일간 숙성한 후 진공포장하여 저장성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 진공포장을 한 발효육은 저장초기에 비해 저장 말에 모...
A bitstream scalable audio coder using a hybrid WLPC-wavelet representation (2004)

In this paper, we present a novel bitstream scalable audio coder. In the proposed coder, the full bandwidth of input audio is first split into two. A hybrid WLPC-wavelet representation is used to encode the low frequency components (<11 kHz). In this method, the excitation to the WLPC synthesis filter is decomposed into subbands using a wavelet filterbank, and perceptually encoded. Two stage quantisation of the wavelet coefficients is used to provide scalability. The high frequency components of the input are assumed to be noisy, and efficiently encoded using an LPC noise model. The output bitstream is capable of being decoded at rates between 16 kbit/s and 80 kbit/s. As the bitrate increases, so too does the signal quality. At 80 kbit/s, the quality is near transparent. At the intermediate rates, the coder gives comparable performance to the MPEG layer III coder, when the MPEG coder operates at similar, but fixed, bitrates.