gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test procedure for evaluating the human–machine interface of vehicles with automated driving systems (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> The human-machine interface (HMI) is a crucial part of every automated driving system (ADS). In the near future, it is likely that-depending on the operational design domain (ODD)-different levels of automation will be available within the same vehicle. The capabilities of a given automation level as well as the operator's responsibilities must be communicated in an appropriate way. To date, however, there are no agreed-upon evaluation methods that can be used by human factors practitioners as well as researchers to test this. <b>Methods:</b> We developed an iterative test procedure that can be applied during the product development cycle of ADS. The test procedure is specifically designed to evaluate whether minimum requirements as proposed in NHTSA's automated vehicle policy are met. <b>Results:</b> The proposed evaluation protocol includes (a) a method to identify relevant use cases for testing on the basis of all theoretically possible steady states and mode transitions of a given ADS; (b) an expert-based heuristic assessment to evaluate whether the HMI complies with applicable norms, standards, and best practices; and (c) an empirical evaluation of ADS HMIs using a standardized design for user studies and performance metrics. <b>Conclusions:</b> Each can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination to generate objective, reliable, and valid evaluations of HMIs, focusing on whether they meet minimum requirements. However, we also emphasize that other evaluation aspects such as controllability, misuse, and acceptance are not within the scope of the evaluation protocol.
A quantifiable approach to approximate computing (2017)

Approximate computing has applications in areas such as image processing, neural computation, distributed systems, and real-time systems, where the results may be acceptable in the presence of controlled levels of error. The promise of approximate computing is in its ability to render just enough performance to meet quality constraints. However, going from this theoretical promise to a practical implementation requires a clear comprehension of the system requirements and matching them to the design of approximations as the system is implemented. This involves the tasks of (a) identifying the design space of potential approximations, (b) modeling the injected error as a function of the level of approximation, and (c) optimizing the system over the design space to maximize a metric, typically the power savings, under constraints on the maximum allowable degradation. Often, the error may be introduced at a low level of design (e.g., at the level of a full adder) but its impact must be percolated up to system-level error metrics (e.g., PSNR in a compressed image), and a practical approach must devise a coherent and quantifiable way of translating between error/power tradeoffs at all levels of design.
Reliability of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Grading System for Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (2008)

This grading system is comprehensive and easily applicable with sufficient reproducibility. It can be used as a common nomenclature for research and discussions.
On stability and error bounds of describing functions for oscillatory control of movements (2002)

Biological neural circuits are often modeled by neural oscillators consisting of two mutually inhibiting neurons. These oscillators explore the natural dynamics of the body coupled to a dynamic system, to excecute complex tasks, which resembles biological structures in animals. The dynamics of multiple nonlinear oscillators for controlling (non)linear multivariable robotic systems is complex. Although algebraic equations are now available for tuning the oscillators to accomplish a complex task, based on quasi-linear approximations by describing functions, it is essential to infer stability characteristics of the solutions, as well as establish error bounds for the solutions due to the approximation. The paper suggests solutions for these problems, by presenting a method for estimating stability and bounds on the estimated parameter errors.
Two-ring Hybrid External Fixation of Distal Tibial Fractures: A Review of 47 Cases (2007)

Hybrid external fixation of distal tibial fractures is associated with delayed union, which is closely related to the degree of residual translational displacement after reduction. Fixation of an associated fibular fracture does not help to achieve better contact in the tibial fracture and increases the risk of delayed union.
Unveiling the critical role of REX1 in the regulation of human stem cell pluripotency (2013)

Reduced expression 1 (REX1) is a widely used pluripotency marker, but little is known about its roles in pluripotency. Here, we show that REX1 is functionally important in the reacquisition and maintenance of pluripotency. REX1-depleted human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) lose their self-renewal capacity and full differentiation potential, especially their mesoderm lineage potential. Cyclin B1/B2 expression was found to parallel that of REX1. REX1 positively regulates the transcriptional activity of cyclin B1/B2 through binding to their promoters. REX1 induces the phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser616 by cyclin B/CDK1, which leads to mitochondrial fission and appears to be important for meeting the high-energy demands of highly glycolytic hPSCs. During reprogramming to pluripotency by defined factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC), the reprogramming kinetics and efficiency are markedly improved by adding REX1 or replacing KLF4 with REX1. These improvements are achieved by lowering reprogramming barriers (growth arrest and apoptosis), by enhancing mitochondrial fission, and by conversion to glycolytic metabolism, dependent on the cyclin B1/B2-DRP1 pathway. Our results show that a novel pluripotency regulator, REX1, is essential for pluripotency and reprogramming.
Basic fibroblast growth factor increases collateral blood flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2003)

Ischemia-induced angiogenic response is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To study whether exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) infusion is effective in expanding collateral circulation in frankly hypertensive SHR, femoral arteries of male SHR (weighing approximately 250 g) were kept intact (nonoccluded control; n = 9) or occluded for 4h(n = 12) or for 16 days with vehicle (n = 14) or bFGF [0.5 (n = 17), 5.0 (n = 13), and 50.0 (n = 14) microg. kg-1. day-1 for 14 days] intraarterially. Maximal collateral-dependent blood flows (BF) to the hindlimbs were determined with 85Sr- and 141Ce-labeled microspheres during running at 20 and 25 m/min (15% grade). Preexercise heart rates (approximately 530 beats/min) and blood pressures (BP; approximately 200 mmHg) were similar across groups except in the high-dose bFGF group, where BP was reduced by approximately 12% (P < 0.05). Femoral artery occlusion for 4 h resulted in approximately 95% reduction of BF in calf muscles [199 +/- 18.7 (nonoccluded group) to 10 +/- 1.0 ml. min-1. 100 g-1; P < 0.001]. BF to calf muscles of the vehicle and low-dose bFGF (0.5 microg. kg-1. day-1) groups increased to 36 +/- 3.2 and 45 +/- 2.0 ml. min-1. 100 g-1, respectively (P < 0.001). bFGF infusion at 5.0 and 50.0 microg. kg-1. day-1 further increased (P < 0.001) BF to calf muscles (62 +/- 4.6 and 62 +/- 2.2 ml. min-1. 100 g-1, respectively). Our results show that bFGF can effectively increase BF in hypertensive rats. The reduced hypertension with high-dose bFGF suggests that a critical signal in arteriogenesis (nitric oxide bioavailability) may be restored. These findings suggest that the dulled endothelial nitric oxide synthase of SHR does not preempt collateral vessel remodeling.
Comparison of Four Sampling Methods for the Detection of Salmonella in Broiler Litter (2007)

Experiments were conducted to compare litter sampling methods for the detection of Salmonella. In experiment 1, chicks were challenged orally with a suspension of naladixic acid-resistant Salmonella and wing banded, and additional nonchallenged chicks were placed into each of 2 challenge pens. Nonchallenged chicks were placed into each nonchallenge pen located adjacent to the challenge pens. At 7, 8, 10, and 11 wk of age the litter was sampled using 4 methods: fecal droppings, litter grab, drag swab, and sock. For the challenge pens, Salmonella-positive samples were detected in 3 of 16 fecal samples, 6 of 16 litter grab samples, 7 of 16 drag swabs samples, and 7 of 16 sock samples. Samples from the nonchallenge pens were Salmonella positive in 2 of 16 litter grab samples, 9 of 16 drag swab samples, and 9 of 16 sock samples. In experiment 2, chicks were challenged with Salmonella, and the litter in the challenge and adjacent nonchallenge pens were sampled at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age with broilers remaining in all pens. For the challenge pens, Salmonella was detected in 10 of 36 fecal samples, 20 of 36 litter grab samples, 14 of 36 drag swab samples, and 26 of 36 sock samples. Samples from the adjacent nonchallenge pens were positive for Salmonella in 6 of 36 fecal droppings samples, 4 of 36 litter grab samples, 7 of 36 drag swab samples, and 19 of 36 sock samples. Sock samples had the highest rates of Salmonella detection. In experiment 3, the litter from a Salmonella-challenged flock was sampled at 7, 8, and 9 wk by socks and drag swabs. In addition, comparisons with drag swabs that were stepped on during sampling were made. Both socks (24 of 36, 67%) and drag swabs that were stepped on (25 of 36, 69%) showed significantly more Salmonella-positive samples than the traditional drag swab method (16 of 36, 44%). Drag swabs that were stepped on had comparable Salmonella detection level to that for socks. Litter sampling methods that incorporate stepping on the sample material while in contact with the litter appear to detect Salmonella in greater incidence than traditional sampling methods of dragging swabs over the litter surface.
Search for Light Dark Matter from the Atmosphere in PandaX-4T (2023)

We report a search for light dark matter produced through the cascading decay of η mesons, which are created as a result of inelastic collisions between cosmic rays and Earth's atmosphere. We introduce a new and general framework, publicly accessible, designed to address boosted dark matter specifically, with which a full and dedicated simulation including both elastic and quasielastic processes of Earth attenuation effect on the dark matter particles arriving at the detector is performed. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data of 0.63 tonne·year exposure, no significant excess over background is observed. The first constraints on the interaction between light dark matter generated in the atmosphere and nucleus through a light scalar mediator are obtained. The lowest excluded cross section is set at 5.9×10^{-37} cm^{2} for a dark matter mass of 0.1 MeV/c^{2} and mediator mass of 300 MeV/c^{2}. The lowest upper limit of η to the dark matter decay branching ratio is 1.6×10^{-7}.
Optimal clustering for delay minimization (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Optimal clustering for delay minimization Authors: Rajmohan Rajaraman View Profile , D. F. Wong View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 309–314https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164907Published:01 July 1993Publication History 43citation446DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations43Total Downloads446Last 12 Months35Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Evaluation of performances of three DNA enzyme immunoassays for detection of Helicobacter pylori PCR products from biopsy specimens (1997)

PCR is recognized as a promising method for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens. However, detection of PCR products by gel electrophoresis is difficult to implement in routine clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to compare three new DNA enzyme immunoassays with the standard method in their ability to detect PCR products. The three assays were based on the amplification of a fragment of the ureC gene of H. pylori and a colorimetric hybridization assay. The first assay (GEN-ETI-K DNA enzyme immunoassay; Sorin, Sallugia, Italy) was based on the hybridization of amplified DNA with a probe bound in microtiter wells and detected with labelled anti-DNA antibody. The second assay (Pylori-prob; Biocode, Sclessin, Belgium) comprised a solid-phase sandwich hybridization system with a specific biotinylated probe being used for detection. Finally, the third assay (PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Boehringer, Mannheim, Germany) was based on the hybridization of amplified DNA labelled with digoxigenin as a probe (used as a coating in microtiter wells) and detected with antidigoxigenin-peroxidase as conjugate. The sensitivity of the colorimetric assay was evaluated by using amplification products from PCR assays performed on several 10-fold dilutions of DNA from H. pylori CIP 101260, and the specificity was assessed with different urease-positive bacteria. Biopsy specimens from 199 patients were tested; 106 were classified as H. pylori positive, and 93 were classified as H. pylori negative by culture and/or histological examination as the "gold standard." The receiving operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cutoff point for each assay. The detection of PCR products by colorimetric hybridization increases the sensitivity up to 100-fold compared to that with gel electrophoresis. The results are rapid (4 h) and easy to interpret and can be automated.
Contrast‐enhanced MRI index of diffuse myocardial fibrosis is increased in primary aldosteronism (2012)

The fibrosis index is increased in patients with PA and the increase imposes an adverse effect on LV diastolic function.
Antileishmanial activity of polycyclic derivatives (2005)

33 polycyclic derivatives have been studied and tested on Leishmania donovani and L. major promastigotes. Their antileishmanial activity was assessed in vitro and an assay of their cytotoxicity was realized on human myelomonocytic cell line. The reference molecules used in the assays were amphotericin B and pentamidine. Among the compounds tested, 29 possess an antileishmanial activity; 25 of those were more active against L. donovani than amphotericin B, and nine were as effective as amphotericin B against L. major. Many synthesized derivatives were more active against L. donovani than against L. major. The cytotoxicity studies have shown that among the thirty-three derivatives tested, 12 molecules have an IC50 towards THP-1 cells about equal than that reference drugs, the 21 other derivatives are much less toxic. A 3D QSAR study was undertaken and has permitted to predict activity against L. donovani and L. major and to highlight critical area to optimize activity against the two species.
Spin Waves Focused Beams in YIG Films (2020)

Spin waves (SW) focused beams propagation and interference under excitation by curvilinear focusing transducers in tangentially magnetized yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films were studied using micromagnetic simulations and Mandelstam- Brillouin light scattering technique. It is shown that due to anisotropic SW propagation in tangentially magnetized films the two-dimensional maps of SW intensity exhibit nonreciprocal properties without mirror symmetry with respect to optic axis of the focusing transducers. Due to chromatic aberration and caustics formation of the focusing transducers, the interference pattern of the focused SW beams depends on excitation frequency and is sensitive to local nonuniformities in YIG film. The obtained results demonstrate possibility to use curvilinear SW focusing transducers for information technologies based on magnonic optics.
Phosphorylation of threonine 161 in plant cyclin‐dependent kinase A is required for cell division by activation of its associated kinase (2007)

Although A-type cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) is required for plant cell division, our understanding of how CDKA is activated before the onset of commitment to cell division is limited. Here we show that phosphorylation of threonine 161 (T161) in plant CDKA is required for activation of its associated kinase. Western blot analysis revealed that phosphorylation of CDKA T161 increased greatly, in parallel with activation of p13(suc1)-associated kinase activity, when stationary-phase tobacco BY-2 cells were subcultured into fresh medium. Although induced over-expression of a dominant-negative CDKA mutant (D146N) fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in BY-2 cells resulted in elongated cells after cell division was arrested, over-expression of this CDKA mutant with a non-phosphorylatable alanine in place of T161 (T161A) had no effect on cellular growth. However, immunoprecipitates of both GFP-fused CDKAs exhibited virtually no histone H1 kinase activity, suggesting that both mutants formed kinase-inactive complexes. In a baculovirus expression system, the recombinant CDKA(T161A)/cyclin D complex possessed no detectable kinase activity, indicating that phosphorylation of T161 is required for CDKA activation. To further elucidate the role of T161 phosphorylation, we used a loss-of-function mutation in the CDKA;1 gene, which encodes the only Arabidopsis CDKA. This mutant displays male gametophyte lethality, and produces bicellular pollen grains instead of the tricellular grains produced in wild-type plants. Introduction of CDKA;1(T161E)-GFP, which mimics phosphorylated T161, resulted in successful complementation of the cdka-1 mutation, whereas no recovery was observed when CDKA;1(T161A)-GFP was introduced. Thus, phosphorylation of T161 in Arabidopsis CDKA;1 is essential for cell division during male gametogenesis.
Stress and Preterm Birth (2004)

Department of OB/GYN, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California Correspondence: Calvin J. Hobel, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Ste. #160W, Los Angeles, CA 70048. E-mail: [email protected]
A measurement of global event shape distributions in the hadronic decays of the Z sup 0 (1990)

We present measurements of global event shape distributions in the hadronic decays of the Z{sup 0}. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 1.3 pb{sup -1}, was collected with the OPAL detector at LEP. Most of the experimental distributions we present are unfolded for the finite acceptance and resolution of the OPAL detector. Through comparison with our unfolded data, we tune the parameter values of several Monte Carlo computer programs which simulate perturbative QCD and the hadronization of partons. Jetset version 7.2, Herwig version 3.4 and Ariadne version 3.1 all provide good descriptions of the experimental distributions. They in addition describe lower energy data with the parameter values adjusted at the Z{sup 0} energy. A complete second order matrix element Monte Carlo program with a modified perturbation scale is also compared to our 91 GeV data and its parameter values are adjusted. We obtained and unfolded value for the mean charged multiplicity of 21.28{plus minus}0.04{plus minus}0.84, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. (orig.).
Use of n-Pentenyl Glycosides as Precursors to Various Spacer Functionalities (2000)

Pent-4-enyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and its peracetylated and perbenzylated derivatives are shown to be excellent substrates for preparation of a wide variety of spacer functionalities. The spacer derivatives so obtained are promising substrates for preparing agents such as neo-glycoconjugates, micelles, and liquid crystalline phases, which are of interest for studying various biological and physiological phenomena of carbohydrates.
A contribution to understanding the complex phase diagram of PZT compounds (2016)

We have succeeded to grow single PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) crystal with Ti content of the order of x = 0.13. PZT compound with such Ti concentration is characterised by structural coexistence of the rhombohedral and monoclinic structures at each temperature below TC. It seems that investigations of the dielectric, piezoelectric and optical properties confirm this highly complicated co-existence.
Prediction of Breeding Values for Dairy Cattle Using Artificial Neural Networks and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems (2012)

Developing machine learning and soft computing techniques has provided many opportunities for researchers to establish new analytical methods in different areas of science. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of two types of intelligent learning methods, artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy systems, in order to estimate breeding values (EBV) of Iranian dairy cattle. Initially, the breeding values of lactating Holstein cows for milk and fat yield were estimated using conventional best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) with an animal model. Once that was established, a multilayer perceptron was used to build ANN to predict breeding values from the performance data of selection candidates. Subsequently, fuzzy logic was used to form an NFS, a hybrid intelligent system that was implemented via a local linear model tree algorithm. For milk yield the correlations between EBV and EBV predicted by the ANN and NFS were 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. Corresponding correlations for fat yield were 0.93 and 0.93, respectively. Correlations between multitrait predictions of EBVs for milk and fat yield when predicted simultaneously by ANN were 0.93 and 0.93, respectively, whereas corresponding correlations with reference EBV for multitrait NFS were 0.94 and 0.95, respectively, for milk and fat production.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by an inducible murine T-cell hybridoma: molecular properties and cellular specificity. (1981)

The properties of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by a mouse T-cell hybridoma (T19.1) as a result of stimulation by concanavalin A have been investigated. Stimulation of T19.1 cells (2 x 10(6)/ml) with concanavalin A (5 microgram/ml) in the absence of serum for 24 h led to the production of colony stimulating activity (100 ng/ml). The molecular and biological properties of the hybridoma GM-CSF were compared with similar molecules produced in vitro by mouse lung or muscle cells. When bone marrow cells were stimulated by T19.1 conditioned medium (CM) only colonies containing granulocytes (G), macrophages (M), or a mixture of both cell types developed. The distribution of colony types (G, G/M or M) was dependent on the concentration of T19.1 CM in the same way as the GM-CSF from mouse lung conditioned medium. Similarly GM-CSF from T19.1 CM was also able to stimulate the initial proliferation of other hemopoietic progenitor cells and induce differentiation in the myelo-monocytic leukemic cell line (WEHI3B). The apparent molecular weight of GM-CSF in T19.1 CM as determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA44 was 24,000. Using high performance liquid chromatography, GM-CSF from T19.1 CM eluted at the same apparent molecular weight (32,000) on molecular sieve columns and acetonitrile concentration on reverse phase columns as the GM-CSF from mouse lung and muscle CM. The level of production of GM-CSF and the similarity to the molecule from mouse lung CM indicated that this continuous cell line should be useful for preparing GM-CSF in suitable quantities for structural analysis and in vivo testing.
2005 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE (2005)

Mustoe, Thomas MD; Evans, Gregory R.D. MD; Bartlett, Scott Craig MD; Matthews, Martha S. MD, Posters; Hultman, Charles Scott MD; Silver, Lester MD, MS Author Information