gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of p38 MAPK Signalling Impairs the Homing of B Lineage ALL Cells to the Bone Marrow of NOD/SCID Mice. (2006)

Abstract The mechanisms regulating the migration of B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells between the blood and bone marrow compartments remain obscure. The chemokine SDF-1 regulates the motility and proliferation of ALL cells in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that the chemotaxic response of these cells to SDF-1 requires signalling through p38 MAPK and that signalling through PI-3K and MEK/ERK pathways plays only a minor role in a subset of cases. This contrasts with normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors and CD34+CD19+ B cell progenitors where signalling through PI-3K is the predominant pathway required for chemotaxis. In this study we examined the requirement for SDF-1 and p38 MAPK signalling in the homing of the B lineage ALL cells to the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mice. CFSE-labelled ALL cells were pre-treated with either the specific CXCR4 antagonists AMD3100 (100μM) or TC14012 (100μM), the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10μM), the AKT inhibitor LY294002 (6.65μM) or the MEK inhibitor PD98059 (20μM) for 0.5–1 h at 37°C. Control or inhibitor treated cells were then injected intravenously into irradiated NOD/SCID mice which were either pre-treated with control (vehicle) or the inhibitors AMD3100 (200μg/mouse), TC14012 (200μg/mouse), SB203580 (0.1 mg/mouse), the AKT inhibitor LY294002 (2 mg/mouse) or the ERK inhibitor PD98059 (0.2 mg/mouse). Homing was assessed 4 hours after the injection of cells before significant proliferation of homed cells could occur. AMD3100 and TC14012 significantly inhibited the homing of ALL cells to the bone marrow by up to 80% and 67% respectively. Inhibition of p38 MAPK also decreased the homing of ALL cells to the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mice by 40% compared with the DMSO controls (p&lt;0.05). No inhibition of homing was observed with the inhibitors of PI-3K or MEK in ALL cells. These results support our previous in vitro findings with regards to the importance of the p38 MAPK pathway in SDF-1 induced motility of ALL cells and demonstrate that the same pathway plays an essential role in the homing of these cells to the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mice.
Superionic Conductivity in One-Dimensional Nanofibrous TlGaTe2Crystals (2011)

We study the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity σ(T) of TlGaTe2 crystals under an electric field (E = 181 V/cm). A strong sharp increase (×1500) in σ(T) is observed at T = 242 K (along the c-axis) and T = 267 K (perpendicular to it). This increase is attributed to a transition towards a superionic conductivity behavior. Over the superionic transition threshold, disordering of the Tl+ sublattice in TlGaTe2 occurs, and nanoscale topological disordering arises owing to aperiodicity in placing Ga3+Te22- nanofibers. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy reveals absorption lines at approximately 0.2 THz that may be attributed to the libration oscillations of the nanofibers.
Targeted Therapy with Arsenic Trioxide and Interferon alpha Eradicates Leukemic Cells in SCID Mice Model of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. (2007)

Abstract HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a severe, chemotherapy-resistant malignancy associated with poor prognosis. Recently, HTLV-I Tax transgenic mice, accurately reproducing human ATL disease were generated. To develop a more consistent and rapid model of disease development, direct transfer of Tax transgenic cells into SCID mice was assessed and showed that they die within 28 days, having developed both an extremely aggressive leukemia with characteristic flower cells, and extensive lymphomatous infiltration of the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, kidney and lung by malignant T lymphocytes highly expressing CD25. Furthermore, and as in ATL patients, we observed marked hypercalcemia and high level of LDH. We have previously identified in vitro several potential targeted therapies for ATL. To define the optimal schedule and drug combination to be evaluated in clinical trials, we tested the following drugs using the in vivo ATL SCID model: zidovudine, interferon alpha (IFN), arsenic trioxide, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, and the combinations of zidovudine and IFN, or of arsenic and IFN. The combination of zidovudine and IFN had no effect on the survival of ATL SCID mice confirming the hypothesis that this combination targets the viral replication since these animals have Tax-transgenic leukemic cells but no entire HTLV-I retrovirus, contrary to ATL patients. Inhibition of NF-kappaB using bortezomib or arsenic alone almost doubled the mice survival but was not sufficient to eradicate ATL malignant cells. Strikingly, the most relevant effect on the mice survival was obtained when we used the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon alpha, which targets both the HTLV-I Tax oncoprotein and the constitutive activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Indeed, after 6 months of follow up, this combination totally cured 40% of the treated mice, and tripled the survival of the remaining 60%. These impressive results suggest that double targeting of Tax and NF-kappaB by the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon alpha may suffice to cure ATL. This combination is now tested in newly diagnosed ATL patients.
Jones the patient (1995)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Repeated horizontal transfer of a DNA transposon in mammals and other tetrapods (2008)

Horizontal transfer (HT) is central to the evolution of prokaryotic species. Selfish and mobile genetic elements, such as phages, plasmids, and transposons, are the primary vehicles for HT among prokaryotes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the prevalence and evolutionary significance of HT remain unclear. Here, we identified a set of DNA transposon families dubbed SPACE INVADERS (or SPIN) whose consensus sequences are approximately 96% identical over their entire length (2.9 kb) in the genomes of murine rodents (rat/mouse), bushbaby (prosimian primate), little brown bat (laurasiatherian), tenrec (afrotherian), opossum (marsupial), and two non-mammalian tetrapods (anole lizard and African clawed frog). In contrast, SPIN elements were undetectable in other species represented in the sequence databases, including 19 other mammals with draft whole-genome assemblies. This patchy distribution, coupled with the extreme level of SPIN identity in widely divergent tetrapods and the overall lack of selective constraint acting on these elements, is incompatible with vertical inheritance, but strongly indicative of multiple horizontal introductions. We show that these germline infiltrations likely occurred around the same evolutionary time (15-46 mya) and spawned some of the largest bursts of DNA transposon activity ever recorded in any species lineage (nearly 100,000 SPIN copies per haploid genome in tenrec). The process also led to the emergence of a new gene in the murine lineage derived from a SPIN transposase. In summary, HT of DNA transposons has contributed significantly to shaping and diversifying the genomes of multiple mammalian and tetrapod species.
Evaluation of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1975)

Increased plasma insulin levels, both in the fasting state and in response to glucose loads have been reported in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1). In this study surgical correction of the hyperparathyroidism was associated with a decrease in plasma insulin levels. However, since glucose tolerance in these patients was similar before and after surgery, it appears that a state of insulin resistance coexisted with the hyperparathyroidism. Documentation of these findings would add hyperparathyroidism to the list of pathologic states associated with antagonism to the action of insulin (2). Furthermore, since hyperin-sulinemia and insulin resistance are often associated with hypertriglyceridemia (3), patients with primary hyperparathyroidism might have an increased incidence of elevated plasma triglyceride levels. In order to evaluate these possibilities, we have measured plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol, and directly estimated insulin resistance in a group of patients before and after surgical correction of primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods. Seven subjects with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism were admitted to the Stanford Clinical Research Center. The group included six females and one male, and had a mean age of 43 yr. All patients consumed a weight maintenance liquid formula diet which included 10 mg/ kg/day of calcium. Various studies of calcium metabolism were undertaken after 3 days of dietary stabilization; including serum calcium, phosphorus and parathy-roid hormone level determinations, 24-hr urinary calcium and phosphorus measurements, and hand, skull, and chest X-rays. Other possible causes of hypercalcemia were excluded by appropriate investigation. On the fifth and sixth days of hospitali-zation, blood was drawn after an overnight fast for measurement of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. On the fifth hospital day, each patient Received an oral glucose load of 40 g/m, and samples for plasma glucose and insulin determination were drawn during the following three hours.
The possibility of GST antigen from Chinese strain of Schistosoma japonicum for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. (1993)

The GST antigen (called 26-28 kDa antigen) extracted and purified from Schistosoma japonicum adult worms was applied to the detection of specific antibodies in sera of infected mice and mice immunized with the above protein antigen by ELISA technique. The 26-28 kDa antigen was better than crude antigens (SEA, SWAP) when used to detect specific antibodies in sera from immunized mice. As with crude antigens (SEA and SWAP), the 26-28 kDa antigen could be used to detect specific antibodies in infected sera, with titers as high as 1:160-1:320. There were no false positive reactions and a positivity rate as high as that using SWAP occurred when the 26-28 kDa antigen was used in schistosomiasis patients and normal subjects by intradermal test. It is suggested that the 26-28 kDa antigen may be a suitable candidate for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.
Derivatives of Piperazine. XXII. Piperazinium Salts for Utilization in Identification of Organic Acids (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Piperazine. XXII. Piperazinium Salts for Utilization in Identification of Organic AcidsM. Prigot and C. B. PollardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 8, 2758–2759Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01188a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01188a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SimPL: An Effective Placement Algorithm (2011)

We propose a self-contained, flat, quadratic global placer that is simpler than existing placers and easier to integrate into timing-closure flows. It maintains lower-bound and upper-bound placements that converge to a final solution. The upper-bound placement is produced by a novel look-ahead legalization algorithm. Our placer SimPL outperforms mPL6, FastPlace3, NTUPlace3, APlace2, and Capo simultaneously in runtime and solution quality, running 7.10 times faster than mPL6 (when using a single thread) and reducing wirelength by 3% on the ISPD 2005 benchmark suite. More significant improvements are achieved on larger benchmarks. The new algorithm is amenable to parallelism, and we report empirical studies with SSE2 instructions and up to eight parallel threads.
Lexicographic ordering: intuitive multicriteria optimization for IMRT (2007)

Optimization problems in IMRT inverse planning are inherently multicriterial since they involve multiple planning goals for targets and their neighbouring critical tissue structures. Clinical decisions are generally required, based on tradeoffs among these goals. Since the tradeoffs cannot be quantitatively determined prior to optimization, the decision-making process is usually indirect and iterative, requiring many repetitive optimizations. This situation becomes even more challenging for cases with a large number of planning goals. To address this challenge, a multicriteria optimization strategy called lexicographic ordering (LO) has been implemented and evaluated for IMRT planning. The LO approach is a hierarchical method in which the planning goals are categorized into different priority levels and a sequence of sub-optimization problems is solved in order of priority. This prioritization concept is demonstrated using two clinical cases (a simple prostate case and a relatively complex head and neck case). In addition, a unique feature of LO in a decision support role is discussed. We demonstrate that a comprehensive list of planning goals (e.g., approximately 23 for the head and neck case) can be optimized using only a few priority levels. Tradeoffs between different levels have been successfully prohibited using the LO method, making the large size problem representations simpler and more manageable. Optimization time needed for each level was practical, ranging from approximately 26 s to approximately 217 s. Using prioritization, the LO approach mimics the mental process often used by physicians as they make decisions handling the various conflicting planning goals. This method produces encouraging results for difficult IMRT planning cases in a highly intuitive manner.
An overview of the GAGE cancer/testis antigen family with the inclusion of newly identified members (2008)

GAGE cancer/testis antigens are frequently expressed in many different types of cancer, whereas their expression in normal tissues is limited to the germ cells of the immune-privileged organs, testis and ovary. Thus, GAGE proteins may be attractive candidates for immunotherapy of cancer. This review describes the structure and phylogeny of the GAGE family members and presents a revised nomenclature, which will enable a more clear distinction of genes and gene products. The GAGE gene locus at chromosome X p11.23 consists of at least 16 genes, each of which is located in one of an equal number of highly conserved tandem repeats, and more genes remain to be identified. These genes are likely the creation of unequal replication under positive selection after the divergence of primates from other mammals. The encoded products are predicted to be highly similar small acidic proteins involved in germ cell biology. When expressed in tumor cells, GAGE proteins can elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating that they are appropriate targets for cancer immunotherapy. The potential use of GAGE proteins in cancer immunotherapy, including possible limitations, is also discussed.
Generator of efficient strongly typed abstract syntax trees in Java (2005)

syntax trees are a very common data-structure in language related tools. For example, compilers, interpreters, documentation generators and syntax-directed editors use them extensively to extract, transform, store and produce information that is key to their functionality. The authors present a Java back-end for ApiGen a tool that generates implementations of abstract syntax trees. The generated code is characterised by strong typing combined with a generic interface and maximal sub-term sharing for memory efficiency and fast equality checking. The goal of this tool is to obtain safe and more efficient programming interfaces for abstract syntax trees. The contribution of this work is the combination of generating a strongly typed data-structure with maximal sub-term sharing in Java. Practical experience shows that this approach is beneficial for extremely large as well as smaller data types.
Surface Activity of Amines Provides Evidence for the Combined ESI Mechanism of Charge Reduction for Protein Complexes (2022)

Charge reduction reactions are important for native mass spectrometry (nMS) because lower charge states help retain native-like conformations and preserve noncovalent interactions of protein complexes. While mechanisms of charge reduction reactions are not well understood, they are generally achieved through the addition of small molecules, such as polyamines, to traditional nMS buffers. Here, we present new evidence that surface-active, charge reducing reagents carry away excess charge from the droplet after being emitted due to Coulombic repulsion, thereby reducing the overall charge of the droplet. Furthermore, these processes are directly linked to two mechanisms for electrospray ionization, specifically the charge residue and ion evaporation models (CRM and IEM). Selected protein complexes were analyzed in solutions containing ammonium acetate and selected trialkylamines or diaminoalkanes of increasing alkyl chain lengths. Results show that amines with higher surface activity have increased propensities for promoting charge reduction of the protein ions. The electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter potential was also found to be a major contributing parameter to the prevalence of charge reduction; higher emitter potentials consistently coincided with lower average charge states among all protein complexes analyzed. These results offer experimental evidence for the mechanism of charge reduction in ESI and also provide insight into the final stages of the ESI and their impact on biological ions.
Tocainide (1986)

MANY new antiarrhythmic agents have recently become available in the United States. One of these, an oral form of the lidocaine analogue tocainide (Tonocard, Merck Sharpe and Dohme), was first marketed in November 1984 for use in the suppression of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. It is important to recognize that although asymptomatic ventricular ectopic beats may indicate an increased susceptibility to sudden cardiac death in some patients, no currently available data suggest that therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs prevents this outcome.Lidocaine continues to be the drug of choice for the short-term management of serious ventricular arrhythmias. However, long-term oral therapy with . . .
Evaluation of the Implementation of a BIPV Glass in Office Buildings in Spain (2021)

The evaluation of the impact of a transparent BIPV glass on an office building energy demands is presented for two climatic areas in Spain. The BIPV glass evaluated is a currently in development innovative technology consisting of a tandem structure of a photovoltaic active ultra-violet filter and organic infra-red photovoltaic cell. The evaluation is carried out with dynamic building simulation, using the experimental optical and electrical properties of the BIPV glass with new transparent BIPV model features. Conventional, acting as reference, and BIPV windows configurations are defined to fulfil the Spanish building code requirements. Then, the heating, cooling, and lighting energy demand, as well as the PV output are calculated, estimating the overall energy balance of the building. In terms of individual end uses, the consumption increases for heating and lighting, while decreasing for cooling. As a result, the total final energy increases in the heating dominated case and decreases in the cooling dominated. However, once accounting the PV generation the results show that the transparent BIPV glass presents an improvement of the overall energy balance by 47.2% and 17.2%, for warm and cold climatic regions in Spain, respectively.
Testing methods for detection of Cryptosporidium spp in water samples. (2001)

A large waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA in 1993 prompted a search for ways to prevent large-scale waterborne outbreaks of protozoan parasitoses. Methods for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum play an integral role in strategies that lead to appropriate treatment of surface water, but are criticized because they produce results that are highly variable. The US Environmental Protection Agency developed a set of criteria to evaluate detection methods for protozoan parasites in water. As a consequence, the Agency has had to develop approaches to reducing uncertainty of evaluations. The variability and accuracy of various methods of producing small numbers of Cryptosporidium spp oocysts were tested. The least variable and most accurate method was used to spike seven surface water, and one tap water sample to compare 4 detection methods that had been reported in the literature. The least variable and most accurate method for spiking specified numbers of oocysts into samples was found to be flow cytometry. The most effective of the methods tested for detection in surface, tap and reagent water was solid phase cytometry.
IL-20 Activates ERK1/2 and Suppresses Splicing of X-Box Protein-1 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells but Does Not Improve Pathology in Acute or Chronic Models of Colitis (2022)

The cytokine Interleukin (IL)-20 belongs to the IL-10 superfamily. IL-20 levels are reported to increase in the intestines of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients, however not much is known about its effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the influence of IL-20 on intestinal epithelial cell lines and primary intestinal organoid cultures. By using chemical-induced (dextran sodium sulphate; DSS) colitis and a spontaneous model of colitis (<i>Winnie</i> mice), we assess whether recombinant IL-20 treatment is beneficial in reducing/improving pathology. Following stimulation with IL-20, intestinal primary organoids from wild-type and Winnie mice increased the expression of ERK1/2. However, this was lost when cells were differentiated into secretory goblet cells. Importantly, IL-20 treatment significantly reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as measured by spliced-XBP1 in epithelial cells, and this effect was lost in the goblet cells. IL-20 treatment in vivo in the DSS and <i>Winnie</i> models had minimal effects on pathology, but a decrease in macrophage activation was noted. Taken together, these data suggest a possible, but subtle role of IL-20 on epithelial cells in vivo. The therapeutic potential of IL-20 could be harnessed by the development of a targeted therapy or combination therapy to improve the healing of the mucosal barrier.