gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enriched knowledge representation for information retrieval (1987)

In this paper we identify the need for a new theory of information. An information model is developed which distinguishes between data, as directly observable facts, information, as structured collections of data, and knowledge as methods of using information. The model is intended to support a wide range of information systems. In the paper we develop the use of the model for a semantic information retrieval system using the concept of semantic categories. The likely benefits of this area discussed, though as yet no detailed evaluation has been conducted.
Circadian Variation in Human Milk Composition, a Systematic Review (2020)

A total of 83 reports assessing the circadian variation in the concentration of 71 human milk components were included. Heterogeneity among studies was high. The methodological quality varied widely. Significant circadian variation is found in tryptophan, fats, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, iron, melatonin, cortisol, and cortisone. This may play a role in the child's growth and development in terms of the biological clock.
Relendo Einstein sobre radiação (2005)

Os conceitos de emissão espontânea e emissão estimulada são bem conhecidos do artigo de Einstein de 1917 sobre radiação. No entanto, sua teoria da radiação contém muitos outros conceitos. O artigo é um tesouro da física.
Optimising position and stability in total knee arthroplasty (2017)

Alignment and stability are two key factors for success in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Several techniques have been advocated, the two best known being measured resection and tensioned gaps.Dogma and fuzzy wording have cast an obscure shadow on the dualistic discussion between proponents of both techniques.This review is an attempt to clarify definitions, analyse the flaws and pitfalls in the different techniques and make some suggestions for improvement. Cite this article: <i>EFORT Open Rev</i> 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170001. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROORGANIC CHEMISTRY PART 19, ANODIC OXIDATION OF NONCONJUGATED DIENES (1975)

Abstract Die anodische Oxidation von nichtkonjugierten Dienen in Methanol oder Essigsäure in Gegenwart von Tetraäthylammonium‐p‐toluolsulfonat als Fremdelektrolyt wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTODIMERISIERUNG VON CYCLOPROPENEN (1973)

Abstract Die direkte Bestrahlung der Cyclopropene (I) führt zu keiner Dimerisierung.
The effect of cortical bone porosity on ultrasonic backscattering parameters (2015)

Bone is a medium with a complex microstructure, consisting of a nonhomogeneous and anisotropic porous network. The numerical study of the ultrasound scattering by cancellous and cortical bone has attracted the interest of several research groups worldwide. In this work, we employed the boundary element method to perform numerical simulations of ultrasonic wave propagation in two-dimensional computational models of cortical bone. A plane wave of frequency 1 MHz was used to simulate ultrasound scattering due to the microstructure and porous nature of cortical bone. The magnitude of the radial scattering amplitude and the displacement at a distance of 20 mm above cortical cortex were calculated to investigate changes in cortical porosity and the occurrence of non-refilled resorption lacunae (RL). It was shown that the scattering amplitudes as well as the calculated displacements can reveal differences due to changes in cortical porosity from 0-16% as well as the occurrence of pores larger than the Haversian canals.
Evaluation of extractive voicemail summarization. (2003)

This paper is about the evaluation of a system that generates short text summaries of voicemail messages, suitable for transmission as text messages. Our approach to summarization is based on a speech-recognized transcript of the voicemail message, from which a set of summary words is extracted. The system uses a classifier to identify the summary words, with each word being identified by a vector of lexical and prosodic features. The features are selected using Parcel, an ROC-based algorithm. Our evaluations of the system, using a slot error rate metric, have compared manual and automatic summarization, and manual and automatic recognition (using two different recognizers). We also report on two subjective evaluations using mean opinion score of summaries, and a set of comprehension tests. The main results from these experiments were that the perceived difference in quality of summarization was affected more by errors resulting from automatic transcription, than by the automatic summarization process. 1.
Regorafenib Promotes Antitumor Immunity via Inhibiting PD-L1 and IDO1 Expression in Melanoma (2019)

Our data unveiled a new mechanism of alleviating IFNγ-induced PD-L1 and IDO1 expression and provided a rationale to explore a novel combination of ICB with regorafenib clinically, especially in melanoma with RET/Src axis activation.
A Genomics Approach Reveals That Aroma Production in Apple Is Controlled by Ethylene Predominantly at the Final Step in Each Biosynthetic Pathway (2007)

Ethylene is the major effector of ripening in many fleshy fruits. In apples (Malus x domestica) the addition of ethylene causes a climacteric burst of respiration, an increase in aroma, and softening of the flesh. We have generated a transgenic line of 'Royal Gala' apple that produces no detectable levels of ethylene using antisense ACC OXIDASE, resulting in apples with no ethylene-induced ripening attributes. In response to external ethylene these antisense fruits undergo a normal climacteric burst and produced increasing concentrations of ester, polypropanoid, and terpene volatile compounds over an 8-d period. A total of 186 candidate genes that might be involved in the production of these compounds were mined from expressed sequence tags databases and full sequence obtained. Expression patterns of 179 of these were assessed using a 15,720 oligonucleotide apple microarray. Based on sequence similarity and gene expression patterns we identified 17 candidate genes that are likely to be ethylene control points for aroma production in apple. While many of the biosynthetic steps in these pathways were represented by gene families containing two or more genes, expression patterns revealed that only a single member is typically regulated by ethylene. Only certain points within the aroma biosynthesis pathways were regulated by ethylene. Often the first step, and in all pathways the last steps, contained enzymes that were ethylene regulated. This analysis suggests that the initial and final enzymatic steps with the biosynthetic pathways are important transcriptional regulation points for aroma production in apple.
VENTILATORY STIMULATION IMPROVES SUBMAXIMAL ARTERIAL SATURATION IN ATHLETES WITH EXERCISE INDUCED HYPOXEMIA 524 (1996)

Many athletes with exercise induced hypoxemia (EIH) show a reduced ventilatory response to exercise, as well as reduced measures of resting peripheral chemoresponsiveness (PC). The purpose of this project was to determine if a moderate dosage of caffeine, a common ventilatory stimulant, could augment resting PC, exercise ventilation (VE), end-tidal O2 partial pressure (PETO2), and arterial O2 saturation(SaO2) in athletes with EIH. Eight highly trained males (VO2 max, 69.2 ± 4.0 ml·kg-1·min-1) who demonstrated EIH at VO2 max (SaO2, 88.0 ± 1.7%), ingested in a randomized, single-blind design, a placebo (PLA) or caffeine (CAF, 8 mg·kg-1 body wt) one hour prior to testing. PC at rest was assessed via the hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HVR and HCVR, respectively). Dependent measures of ventilation and saturation were determined during progressive exercise on a treadmill. Ve was higher at 75%, 80%, and 100% of VO2 max with CAF (p<0.05). HVR and HCVR were not different between the two conditions, indicating that the increased Ve likely came from central stimulation or secondary effects of CAF. Ve/VO2, PETO2 and SaO2 were increased at 75%, 80%, and 90% of VO2max with CAF (p<0.05), but were not different at VO2 max despite an increase in Ve. EIH subjects demonstrated a large inter-individual variance in Ve and SaO2 at VO2 max in response to CAF. This fact, combined with the declining effect of CAF as workload increased, suggests mechanisms other than an inadequate hyperventilatory response may operate to different degrees across individuals as VO2 max is approached.
Translocation Efficiency of Apolipoprotein B Is Determined by the Presence of β-Sheet Domains, Not Pause Transfer Sequences (2006)

Cotranslational translocation of apoB100 across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is inefficient, resulting in exposure of nascent apoB on the cytosolic surface of the ER. This predisposes apoB100 to ubiquitinylation and targeting for proteasomal degradation. It has been suggested that pause transfer sequences (PTS) present throughout apoB cause inefficient translocation. On the other hand, our previous study demonstrated that the translocation efficiency of apoB100 is dependent on the presence of a beta-sheet domain between 29 and 34% of full-length apoB100 (Liang, J.-S., Wu, X., Jiang, H., Zhou, M., Yang, H., Angkeow, P., Huang, L.-S., Sturley, S. L., and Ginsberg, H. N. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 35216-35221); this region of apoB has no PTS. However, the effects of the beta-sheet domain may require the presence of PTS elsewhere in the N-terminal region of apoB100. To further investigate the roles of PTS and beta-sheet domains in the translocation of apoB100 across the ER, we transfected McArdle RH7777, HepG2, or Chinese hamster ovary cells with human albumin (ALB)/human apoB chimeric cDNA constructs: ALB/B12-17 (two PTS but no beta-sheet), ALB/B29-34 (beta-sheet but no PTS), ALB/B36-41 (two PTS and a beta-sheet), and ALB/B49-54 (neither PTS nor a beta-sheet). ALB/ALB1-40 served as a control. Compared with ALB/ALB1-40, secretion rates of ALB/B12-17, ALB/B29-34, and ALB/B36-41 were reduced. Secretion of ALB/B49-54 was similar to that of ALB/ALB1-40. However, only ALB/B29-34 and ALB/B36-41 had increased proteinase K sensitivity, ubiquitinylation, and increased physical interaction with Sec61alpha. These results indicate that the translocation efficiency of apoB100 is determined mainly by the presence of beta-sheet domains. PTS do not appear to affect translocation, but may affect secretion by other mechanisms.
383 RELATION OF OBESITY TO DECREASED SPERM COUNT. (2007)

Objectives Obesity is increasingly recognized as a cause of reduced male fertility through multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between body mass index and sperm count. Materials and Methods We reviewed records of male partners of couples seeking treatment at the fertility center over the last 3 years. Data collected included patients9 demographics, past medical and surgical history, and risk factors for male infertility. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was calculated. Semen analysis was performed within the month, which included semen volume (mL), sperm concentration (sperm count/mL), progressive motility (% progressive motile sperm), and morphology (% normality of different morphologic features of sperm). Chi-square (with Fisher correction if needed) was used to compare frequencies. Pearson correlation was used when appropriate. Results 257 patients were included in this analysis and had a mean age 32.5 ± 0.37 years. The BMI distribution is shown in the table. The mean sperm count was 110.8 ± 2.9 million sperms/mL. A low sperm was defined using the World Health Organization criteria for low sperm count ( There was also a negative correlation between BMI and sperm motility (Pearson r = −.13, p = .04), but no age effect. Conclusion Our findings suggest that obese and overweight men are more likely to have low sperm count and decreased sperm motility, which might reduce fertility.
A smac mimetic reduces TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)‐induced invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells† (2010)

: Although the smac mimetic JP1584 does not sensitize cells to apoptosis, it reduces TRAIL-induced CCA cell metastatic behavior. These data support the emerging concept that IAPs are prometastatic and represent targets for antimetastatic therapies.
Influenza‐Induced Expression of Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase Enhances Interleukin‐10 Production and Bacterial Outgrowth during Secondary Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2005)

Our data suggest that IDO expression during influenza virus infection alters the inflammatory response and facilitates the outgrowth of pneumococci during secondary bacterial pneumonia.
The Topotactic Transformation of Ti3SiC2 into a Partially Ordered Cubic Ti  (  C 0.67Si0.06 )  Phase by the Diffusion of Si into Molten Cryolite (1999)

Immersion of samples in molten cryolite at 960°C resulted in the preferential diffusion of Si atoms out of the basal planes to form a partially ordered, cubic phase with approximate chemistry Ti . The latter forms in domains, wherein the (111) planes are related by mirror planes; i.e.,the loss of Si results in the de‐twinning of the layers. Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy all indicate that the Si exits the structure topotactically, in such a way that the C atoms remain partially in their ordered position in the cubic phase.
2-Ethylhexanol (2011)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 3. Industrial Production 4. Uses 5. Economic Aspects 6. Toxicology
On the Process and Material Sensitivities for High-k Based Dielectrics (2010)

Multi-element and multilayer high-k dielectric stacks are being explored for future generation logic and memory devices. The increased material complexity can have a significant impact on the thermal stability and crystallization behavior of the stacks directly or indirectly affecting their material and electrical properties. We have studied the effect of composition and layer thickness for hafnium and rare earth based (lanthanum and dysprosium) systems on crystallization and intermixing (silicate formation). Our results show that for multilayer dielectric stacks, the thermal stability and intermixing is function of the composition and thickness of the individual layers.
Clinical implementation of multisequence MRI‐based adaptive intracavitary brachytherapy for cervix cancer (2016)

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical implementation of a magnetic resonance image (MRI)-based approach for adaptive intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) of cervix cancer patients. Patients were implanted with titanium tandem and colpostats. MR imaging was performed on a 1.5-T Philips scanner using T2-weighted (T2W), proton-density weighted (PDW), and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging sequences. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated from the DW images. All images were fused. T2W images were used for the definition of organs at risk (OARs) and dose points. ADC maps in conjunction with T2W images were used for target delineation. PDW images were used for applicator definition. Forward treatment planning was performed using standard source distribution rules normalized to Point A. Point doses and dose-volume parameters for the tumor and OARs were exported to an automated dose-tracking application. Brachytherapy doses were adapted for tumor shrinkage and OAR variations during the course of therapy. The MRI-based ICBT approach described here has been clinically implemented and is carried out for each brachytherapy fraction. Total procedure time from patient preparation to delivery of treatment is typically 2 hrs. Implementation of our tech-nique for structure delineation, applicator definition, dose tracking, and adaptation is demonstrated using treated patient examples. Based on published recommendations and our clinical experience in the radiation treatment of cervix cancer patients, we have refined our standard approach to ICBT by 1) incorporating a multisequence MRI technique for improved visualization of the target, OARs, and applicator, and by 2) implementing dose adaptation by use of automated dose tracking tools.
The suitability of SunCheckR patches and TanscanR cards for monitoring the sunburning effectiveness of sunlight (1993)

UV-sensitive products which undergo a colour change on exposure to UV radiation are available for use by the general public. We have evaluated SunCheck patches of various sensitivities, and Tanscan UV sensor cards, in terms of their temperature stability, wavelength response and response to sunlight. The products exhibited no perceptible colour change when the temperature was maintained at 45 degrees C for 4 hours; on exposure to monochromatic radiation, the sensitivity peaked at a wavelength of 335 and 355 nm for SunCheck and Tanscan, respectively; the response to sunlight under clear conditions was reasonably consistent, with the coefficient of variation for each type of material ranging between 12.5 and 27%. These products are based on the incorrect concept that there is a 'safe' dose of UV radiation. Thus, they cannot be recommended to the public as a reliable way of reducing the risk of skin cancer.
Hardening Properties of Foamed Concrete with Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Desulfurization Gypsum as the Binder (2021)

Recently, a large amount of circulating fluidized bed boiler ash (CFBA) and desulfurization gypsum (DSG) has been produced, and it is essential to develop technology to utilize them. These materials have CaO and SO3, which are considered to be a stimulant for blast furnace slag (BFS). This study presents an experimental investigation of the compressive strength and heavy metal ions immobilization properties of cement-free materials comprising CFBA, BFS, and DSG. The feasibility of manufacturing foamed concrete using these materials was examined, and field test of foamed concrete was conducted. Experimentally, the flow, compressive strength, and heavy metal ions concentration were evaluated via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) of the paste and foamed concrete. The experimental investigation revealed the self-healing hardening ability of fluidized bed boiler ash. In addition, the compressive strength was increased with the increasing replacement rates of BFS and DSG in the CFBA paste, and the compressive strength of 14.6 - 17.2 MPa was recorded over 28 days of curing. From the result obtained, the feasibility of manufacturing foamed concrete with a foam volume of 120 L, incorporating the aforementioned materials, is confirmed. It was also found that after 28 days of age, a 7.9-MPa compressive strength of the foamed concrete was attained, and heavy metal ions elution in this foamed concrete was also significantly reduced. Therefore, CFBA, BFS, and DSG could be used as a binder for the foamed concrete.
Optical Haar wavelet transform (1992)

An optical Haar mother wavelet is created with a Semetex 128 x 128 magneto-optic spatial light modulator. Two techniques for dilating the mother wavelet are explored: (1) aperture stopping and (2) operating the SLM in ternary phase-amplitude mode. Discrete resolution levels of a continuous wavelet transform are obtained by optically correlating a binarized image with multiple dilations ofthe mother wavelet. Frequency-plane masks for the correlation process are generated using thermoplastic holography. Experimental results are compared with a digital simulation of the wavelet transform.
Fracture resistance of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing‐generated composite resin‐based molar crowns (2015)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether different fabrication processes, such as the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system or the manual build-up technique, affect the fracture resistance of composite resin-based crowns. Lava Ultimate (LU), Estenia C&B (EC&B), and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic IPS e.max press (EMP) were used. Four types of molar crowns were fabricated: CAD/CAM-generated composite resin-based crowns (LU crowns); manually built-up monolayer composite resin-based crowns (EC&B-monolayer crowns); manually built-up layered composite resin-based crowns (EC&B-layered crowns); and EMP crowns. Each type of crown was cemented to dies and the fracture resistance was tested. EC&B-layered crowns showed significantly lower fracture resistance compared with LU and EMP crowns, although there was no significant difference in flexural strength or fracture toughness between LU and EC&B materials. Micro-computed tomography and fractographic analysis showed that decreased strength probably resulted from internal voids in the EC&B-layered crowns introduced by the layering process. There was no significant difference in fracture resistance among LU, EC&B-monolayer, and EMP crowns. Both types of composite resin-based crowns showed fracture loads of >2000 N, which is higher than the molar bite force. Therefore, CAD/CAM-generated crowns, without internal defects, may be applied to molar regions with sufficient fracture resistance.
Was Henry VIII Infertile? Miscarriages and Male Infertility in Tudor England (2021)

Abstract Although fertility has traditionally been viewed as the responsibility of women, recent studies suggest that reduced sperm function is a major cause of the recurrent pregnancy loss that affects 1 to 2 percent of couples. The reproductive and nutritional history of King Henry VIII indicates that 70 percent of the legitimate pregnancies attributed to Henry and his six wives resulted in miscarriage or stillbirth. By comparison, only 10 percent of the recorded pregnancies of the thirty-one noblemen closely associated with Henry had the same outcomes. Henry’s reproductive health likely contributed to the fertility problems for which his wives took the blame. The disregard of male infertility in Henry’s case may offer a clue to the reasons for the under-reporting of male reproductive health, then and now, to the detriment of both men and women.
Robots in Education: The Current State of the Art (1996)

This article describes how robots are currently being used in education. First, the limitations of robotics technology are discussed and the current research aimed at addressing these limitations is described. Next, we explore three ways that robots are being used in the classroom. They can be used to teach basic concepts (especially in math and physics), or to assist disabled students with manipulation during classroom activities, and finally, as objects of study. In the last section, we explore the effectiveness of this technology. Since robots have been more difficult to develop than people had expected, they are still not readily available today. However, some robotics technology does exist and is currently being used by educators. This article discusses the current uses of robots and examines the future potential of this technology.
Integrated Nanotubes, Etch Tracks, and Nanoribbons in Crystallographic Alignment to a Graphene Lattice (2014)

Carbon nanotubes, few-layer graphene, and etch tracks exposing insulating SiO2 regions are integrated into nanoscale systems with precise crystallographic orientations. These integrated systems consist of nanotubes grown across nanogap etch tracks and nanoribbons formed within the few-layer graphene films. This work is relevant to the integration of semiconducting, conducting, and insulating nanomaterials together into precise intricate systems.
Third ventricle enlargement and developmental delay in first-episode psychosis: preliminary findings (2000)

Enlargement of both third and lateral ventricles is found in first-episode psychosis and is related to developmental delay in childhood. Insult to periventricular areas is relevant to the neurobiology of the disease. These findings support the view that schizophrenia involves disturbance of neurodevelopmental processes in some patients.