gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effects of high-oil rapeseed cake or natural additives on methane emissions and performance of dairy cows (2021)

We evaluated the potential of feeding high-oil rapeseed cake or natural additives as rumen modifiers on enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions, nutrient utilization, performance, and milk fatty acid (FA) profile of dairy cows. Eight Nordic Red dairy cows averaging (mean ± SD) 81 ± 21 d in milk and 41.0 ± 1.9 kg of milk yield at the beginning of the study were randomly assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments comprised grass silage-based diets (45:55 forage to concentrate ratio on dry matter basis) including (1) control containing 19.3% rapeseed meal (CON), (2) CON with full replacement of rapeseed meal with rapeseed cake (RSC), (3) supplementation of CON with 50 g/d of yeast hydrolysate product plus coniferous resin acid-based compound (YHR), and (4) supplementation of CON with 20 g/d of combination of garlic-citrus extract and essential oils in a pellet (GCE). Apparent total-tract digestibility was measured using total collection of feces, and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were measured in respiratory chambers on 4 consecutive days. Data collected during d 17 and 21 in each period were used for ANOVA analysis using a mixed model. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), whereas feeding RSC increased crude protein and ether extract digestibility compared with the other diets. Emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> per day, per kilogram of DMI, and per kilogram of energy-corrected milk, and gross energy intake were lower for RSC compared with other diets. We found no effect of YHR on daily CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, whereas CH<sub>4</sub> yield (g of CH<sub>4</sub>/kg of DMI or as percentage of gross energy intake) decreased with GCE compared with CON. Treatments did not influence energy balance. Further, RSC reduced the proportion of N intake excreted in feces, and YHR improved N balance compared with CON diet. Feeding RSC resulted in greatest yields of milk and energy-corrected milk, and feed efficiency. Relative to the CON diet, RSC decreased saturated FA by 10% in milk fat by increasing cis-monounsaturated FA but also increased the proportion of trans FA. Proportion of odd- and branched-chain FA increased with GCE and YHR compared with CON. We conclude that replacing rapeseed meal by rapeseed cake decreased CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, whereas YHR or GCE had no effect on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in this study.
Using Network Topology to Supplement High Assurance Systems (2016)

We explore strategies for manipulating the topology of a network to promote increased and pragmatic high assurance. Topology matters to network threats and security, and the relative distance between nodes can impact the rate of dispersion of viruses, as well as access times in denial of service(DoS), probing, and insider threat attacks. We suggest methods to separate threatening and threatened nodes with enough hops to reduce and degrade risks. This analysis provides network analysts with an option to include other measures such as risk to the construction and management of high assurance systems. We consider a scaled down model to demonstrate the proof of concept using artificial data. Specifically, we explore the efficacy of ring networks and the structure that occurs on k-hop networks when there are a prime number of nodes. This provides strategies and processes for real network operators to include information about risks associated with network participants. We consider a scaled down model to demonstrate the proof of concept using artificial data. Specifically, we explore the efficacy of ring networks and the structure that occurs on k-hop networks when there are a prime number of nodes. This provides strategies and processes for real network operators to include information about risks associated with network participants.
MEGA---the maximizing expected generalization algorithm for learning complex query concepts (2003)

Specifying exact query concepts has become increasingly challenging to end-users. This is because many query concepts (e.g., those for looking up a multimedia object) can be hard to articulate, and articulation can be subjective. In this study, we propose a query-concept learner that learns query criteria through an intelligent sampling process. Our concept learner aims to fulfill two primary design objectives: (1) it has to be expressive in order to model most practical query concepts and (2) it must learn a concept quickly and with a small number of labeled data since online users tend to be too impatient to provide much feedback. To fulfill the first goal, we model query concepts in k -CNF, which can express almost all practical query concepts. To fulfill the second design goal, we propose our maximizing expected generalization algorithm (MEGA), which converges to target concepts quickly by its two complementary steps: sample selection and concept refinement. We also propose a divide-and-conquer method that divides the concept-learning task into G subtasks to achieve speedup. We notice that a task must be divided carefully, or search accuracy may suffer. Through analysis and mining results, we observe that organizing image features in a multiresolution manner, and minimizing intragroup feature correlation, can speed up query-concept learning substantially while maintaining high search accuracy. Through examples, analysis, experiments, and a prototype implementation, we show that MEGA converges to query concepts significantly faster than traditional methods.
The Role of Primary Bone Grafting in Complex Craniomaxillofacial Trauma (1985)

The role of craniofacial surgical techniques and immediate bone grafting in the management of complex craniofacial trauma has been reviewed. Four hundred and one patients with complex facial injuries have been treated. Two hundred and forty-one primary bone and cartilage grafts have been performed in 66 patients. Complex facial injuries should be managed by direct exposure, reduction, and fixation of all fractures utilizing interfragmentary wiring. Very comminuted or absent bone is replaced by immediate bone grafting, producing a stable skeleton without the need for external fixation devices. Associated mandibular fractures are managed with rigid internal fixation utilizing A-O technique. Results of immediate bone grafting have been excellent, and complications are rare. All deformities should be corrected, whenever possible, during the initial operation. This one-stage reconstruction of even the most complex facial injuries will prevent severe postoperative traumatic deformity and disability that may be extremely difficult or impossible to correct secondarily.
Statewide potential crop yield losses from ozone exposure. Final report (1998)

Past efforts to model crop losses on a regional scale used plant losses at the county level. The work reported not only employs this traditional approach (important for long-term trend analysis), but also expands the methodological basis of the Crop Loss-Assessment Program by using GIS technology to estimate yield losses at the county level. The work reported not only employs this traditional approach (important for long-term trend analysis), but also expands the methodological basis of the Crop Loss Assessment Program by using GIS technology to estimate the yield loss based on interpolated 1/d(sup 2) ozone exposure indices. Analytical procedures used 7-hour and 12-hour seasonal mean models, and SUM 06 Wiebull functions for estimating the yield losses in several crops. Interpolated yield loss contours are graphically represented and enhanced by color-coded altitudinal ramping. Ozone concentratons on a monthly basis were interpolated within the state air basins using ARB air quality statistics and an imposed 2,000-ft altitudinal barrier to transport. Monthly 7-hour means, a widely used exposure index for plant response functions, were used for the statewide interpolations. The severity of potential yield loss was determined using ARB 1993 air quality data and published yield response functions.
Evaluation of plasma vitamin E and development of proteinuria in hypertensive patients (2023)

There was a significant inverse association between plasma vitamin E levels and the development of proteinuria in patients with hypertension. The results were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics.
Impala (2003)

Sensor networks are long-running computer systems with many sensing/compute nodes working to gather information about their environment, process and fuse that information, and in some cases, actuate control mechanisms in response. Like traditional parallel systems, communication between nodes is of fundamental importance, but is typically accomplished via wireless transceivers. One further key attribute of sensor networks is that they are almost always long running systems, intended to operate in situ, with minimal direct human intervention, for months or years. This requirement for long-running autonomy mandates careful design of the runtime system that manages applications on each node, to ensure reliability and ease of upgrades over the life of the system.This paper describes Impala, a middleware architecture that enables application modularity, adaptivity, and repair-ability in wireless sensor networks. Impala allows software updates to be received via the node's wireless transceiver and to be applied to the running system dynamically. In addition, Impala also provides an interface for on-the-fly application adaptation in order to improve the performance, energy-efficiency, and reliability of the software system. Impala has been designed to be a part of the ZebraNet mobile sensor network, but we are also prototyping it within HP/Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC handhelds. We present performance data for both real system measurements of the Pocket PC version as well as simulations of a full mobile sensor system deployment. Overall, Impala is a lightweight runtime system that can greatly improve system reliability, performance, and energy-efficiency. The ideas introduced here for sensor networks have applicability more broadly in other long-running autonomous parallel systems as well.
spa Typing and Multilocus Sequence Typing Show Comparable Performance in a Macroepidemiologic Study of Staphylococcus aureus in the United States (2015)

A number of molecular typing methods have been developed for characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The utility of these systems depends on the nature of the investigation for which they are used. We compared two commonly used methods of molecular typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (and its clustering algorithm, Based Upon Related Sequence Type [BURST]) with the staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing (and its clustering algorithm, Based Upon Repeat Pattern [BURP]), to assess the utility of these methods for macroepidemiology and evolutionary studies of S. aureus in the United States. We typed a total of 366 clinical isolates of S. aureus by these methods and evaluated indices of diversity and concordance values. Our results show that, when combined with the BURP clustering algorithm to delineate clonal lineages, spa typing produces results that are highly comparable with those produced by MLST/BURST. Therefore, spa typing is appropriate for use in macroepidemiology and evolutionary studies and, given its lower implementation cost, this method appears to be more efficient. The findings are robust and are consistent across different settings, patient ages, and specimen sources. Our results also support a model in which the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) population in the United States comprises two major lineages (USA300 and USA100), which each consist of closely related variants.
Predicting surgical outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy patients using MRI and MRSI (2002)

MR features are important markers of surgical outcome in patients with TLE and can provide assistance in identifying surgical candidates.
Acetylcholine Regulates Ghrelin Secretion in Humans (2004)

Ghrelin secretion has been reportedly increased by fasting and energy restriction but decreased by food intake, glucose, insulin, and somatostatin. However, its regulation is still far from clarified. The cholinergic system mediates some ghrelin actions, e.g. stimulation of gastric contractility and acid secretion and its orexigenic activity. To clarify whether ghrelin secretion undergoes cholinergic control in humans, we studied the effects of pirenzepine [PZ, 100 mg per os (by mouth)], a muscarinic antagonist, or pyridostigmine (PD, 120 mg per os), an indirect cholinergic agonist, on ghrelin, GH, insulin, and glucose levels in six normal subjects. PD increased (P < 0.05) GH (change in area under curves, mean +/- SEM, 790.9 +/- 229.3 microg(*)min/liter) but did not modify insulin and glucose levels. PZ did not significantly modify GH, insulin, and glucose levels. Circulating ghrelin levels were increased by PD (11290.5 +/- 6688.7 pg(*)min/ml; P < 0.05) and reduced by PZ (-23205.0 +/- 8959.5 pg(*)min/ml; P < 0.01). The PD-induced ghrelin peak did not precede that of GH. In conclusion, circulating ghrelin levels in humans are increased and reduced by cholinergic agonists and antagonists, respectively. Thus, ghrelin secretion is under cholinergic, namely muscarinic, control in humans. The variations in circulating ghrelin levels induced by PD and PZ are unlikely to mediate the cholinergic influence on GH secretion.
Nanofabricated Neural Probes for Dense 3-D Recordings of Brain Activity (2016)

Computations in brain circuits involve the coordinated activation of large populations of neurons distributed across brain areas. However, monitoring neuronal activity in the brain of intact animals with high temporal and spatial resolution has remained a technological challenge. Here we address this challenge by developing dense, three-dimensional (3-D) electrode arrays for electrophysiology. The 3-D arrays constitute the front-end of a modular and configurable system architecture that enables monitoring neuronal activity with unprecedented scale and resolution.
Measuring Effectiveness of Mobile Application in Learning Basic Mathematical Concepts Using Sign Language (2019)

Technology plays an important role in our society, especially in the field of education. It is quite regrettable that people, particularly the deaf, still face a lot of challenges in acquiring an education. Their learning methods are different as compared to hearing people. They use Sign Language (SL) rather than natural language to communicate and learn. They are required to put a lot of effort into learning different concepts using conventional pedagogies. Therefore, there is a dire need for some assistive technology to improve their learn-ability and understandability. In the present study, 192 deaf participants aged 5–10 years were sampled from two special child institutes. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a mobile interface through a developed mobile application for learning basic mathematical concepts using Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). The present study bridges the gap between the technology-based method and conventional teaching methods, which are used for teaching mathematical concepts using PSL. The participants were divided into two groups, that is, one group learned through conventional methods (flash cards and board) and the other group through the developed mobile application. The difference in the performance of both the groups was evaluated by conducting quizzes. The quiz results were analyzed by the Z-test and ANOVA. The findings revealed that the Experimental Group (EG) participants, who were instructed by our mobile application showed higher proficiency in the quizzes as compared to the Control Group (CG). EG participants performed better than CG by 12% in the quizzes. A gender based difference was also observed for the quiz scores. Male participants in category C (word problem learning) performed 2.7% better than females in the EG and 2.5% better in the CG. Moreover, a significant difference was also observed in the time taken by participants in both groups to complete the quizzes. CG participants took 20 min longer than EG participants to complete the quizzes. The results of the ANOVA showed that the quiz scores were directly affected by the mode of teaching used for participants in both groups.
Genomics and new targets for multiple sclerosis (2005)

Compelling epidemiological and molecular data indicate that genes play a primary role in determining who is at risk for developing multiple sclerosis (MS), how the disease progresses, and how MS individuals respond to therapy. The genetic component of MS etiology is believed to result from the action of allelic variants in several genes. Their incomplete penetrance and moderate individual effect probably reflects epistatic interactions, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, and environmental influences. Equally significant, it is likely that locus heterogeneity exists, whereby specific genes influence susceptibility and pathogenesis in some individuals but not in others.
奔跑吧，北极“天狼星” (2015)

在天寒池冻、环境恶劣的北极，有一座世界上最大的岛屿，它的名字叫格陵兰岛。在这座巨大的岛屿上，常年活跃看一支特殊的巡逻队，他们风餐露宿，忍受看北极的极端严寒，而陪伴他们的只有可爱的雪橇犬。这支巡逻队肩负重要使命，代号“天狼星”。今天，咱们就跟着他们一起去领略独特的北极风光吧！
Gene expression analysis in citrus reveals the role of gibberellins on photosynthesis and stress (2008)

The effect of gibberellins (GA) on internode transcriptome was investigated in transgenic Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) plants overexpressing endogenous CcGA20ox1 (encoding a GA biosynthetic gene), and in non-transformed explants treated with GA(3), using a citrus cDNA microarray. Substantial modulation of gene expression was found in sense CcGA20ox plants. Extensive up-regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon utilization, and down-regulation of those involved in protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis were shown for the first time in plants with higher GA content. Importantly, increase of net photosynthesis in attached leaves was also demonstrated. Expression of other genes belonging to functional groups not reported previously to be regulated by GA (mainly abiotic and biotic stresses, and cuticle biosynthesis), and genes involved in cell division and cell wall architecture were also differentially expressed. Culture of citrus explants for 24 h in GA(3) solution produced much lower changes in the transcriptome compared with CcGA20ox plants (1.6% versus 16%, respectively, of total genes in the microarray), suggesting that most of the changes observed in CcGA20ox plants were a consequence of a long-standing GA effect. Interestingly, genes related to abiotic and biotic stresses were similarly modulated in transgenics and GA(3)-treated explants.
Clinical characteristics of melanoma patients with non-V600E/K BRAF mutations. (2013)

e20036 Background: BRAF mutations are found in ~50% of melanoma. V600E/K substitutions are the most common and well-characterized. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with non-V600E/K BRAF mutations. Methods: We identified 38 melanoma patients whose tumor contained a non-V600E/K BRAF mutation and reviewed the clinical characteristics. The sequencing analysis was performed with either pyrosequencing or next generation sequencing assay. Results: 38 patients were identified with non-V600E/K BRAF mutations. Mutations detected in more than 1 patient included V600R (n=14, 37%), K601E (5, 13%), G469E (3, 8%); L597S (3, 7%), D594G (2, 5%); 11 other mutations were identified in single patients. Median age was 57 yrs; 82% were men; 95% were white. The common primary subtypes were nodular (26%), superficial spreading (24%), unknown primary (21%); no one were acral, mucosal or uveal melanomas. Ten (26%) of 27 with known ulceration status had ulceration, and 3 (7%) of 22 with known mitosis status had &lt; 1 mitosis /mm 2 . The sites of primary melanoma were located mostly in the head/neck and the trunk (63%), extremities (16%) and unknown primary (21%). The stage at diagnosis was I /II (29%), III (40%), IV (18%) and unknown (13%). Among 33 (87%) patients who ultimately developed distant metastases, 23(67%) had metastasis in the soft tissue/nodes, 21 (63%) in the lung, 9 (24%) in the brain, 7 (21%) in the liver, 6 (16%) in the bone, and 5 (15%) in the adrenal gland. Among patients (n=25) with initial stage I-III melanoma who later developed distant metastasis, the median duration between the time of initial diagnosis and distant metastases was 36 months. Among the 32 (84%) of the patients who developed stage IV melanoma, the median survival from the time of stage IV diagnosis was 18 months. Five patients received vemurafenib treatment, and 2 patients (K601E; T599_V600ins2) had stable disease and 2 patients (L597Q; G466E) had disease progression and 1 lost to follow up. Conclusions: Unexpectedly higher proportion of the patients with non-V600E/K mutant-melanoma had unknown primary melanoma and higher mitotic rate. In a small number of patients who received vemurafenib, the clinical response appears to be low.
ESR Study of Quantum Tunneling of a Methyl Group in Polymethyl-methacrylate Radical (1971)

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Promising pharmacological profile of a Kunitz-type inhibitor in murine renal cell carcinoma model (2016)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), also called kidney cancer or renal adenocarcinoma, is highly resistant to current treatments. It has been previously reported that a Kunitz-type inhibitor domain-containing protein, isolated from the salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick, triggers apoptosis in murine renal adenocarcinoma cells (Renca) by inhibiting the proteasome and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Of note, Amblyomin-X is the corresponding recombinant protein identified in the cDNA library from A. cajennense salivary glands. Herein, using orthotopic kidney tumors in mice, we demonstrate that Amblyomin-X is able to drastically reduce the incidence of lung metastases by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The in vitro assays show that Amblyomin-X is capable of reducing the proliferation rate of Renca cells, promoting cell cycle arrest, and down-regulating the expression of crucial proteins (cyclin D1, Ki67 and Pgp) involved in the aggressiveness and resistance of RCC. Regarding non-tumor cells (NIH3T3), Amblyomin-X produced minor effects in the cyclin D1 levels. Interestingly, observing the image assays, the fluorescence-labelled Amblyomin-X was indeed detected in the tumor stroma whereas in healthy animals it was rapidly metabolized and excreted. Taken the findings together, Amblyomin-X can be considered as a potential anti-RCC drug candidate.
New Developments in the Epidemiology of Cancer Prognosis: Traditional and Molecular Predictors of Treatment Response and Survival (2006)

There have been numerous epidemiologic investigations to determine factors that may affect cancer risk. There is also a rich tradition of evaluating potential somatic changes in the cancer itself to predict recurrence and/or mortality after diagnosis. However, there has been relatively little