gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Porous Titania Particles from Complex Fluids by Spray Drying Process and Their Applications (2017)

In this study, a spray drying system was used to prepare macroporous titania micro-particles for applications including UV blocking materials and photocatalysts. To synthesize the macroporous particles a colloidal templating method using polymeric beads as sacrificial templates and a titania nano-colloid as precursor material was adopted. The resulting porous titania particles were mixed with distilled water to measure their light transmittance, and to assess their UV blocking performance. To demonstrate another application, the organic dye Rhodamine B was decomposed using the macroporous titania micro-particles as a photocatalyst for water purification. The spray drying system was also utilized to fabricate porous iron oxide particles using iron chloride liquid precursor. Following a reduction reaction, the porous iron oxide particles fabricated in this study are also potentially applicable as intermediates for the synthesis of porous metal particles, which have various applications including porous surface burners, artificial bones, thermal insulation, and sound absorbers.
Polymers Fight HIV: Potent (Pro)Drugs Identified Through Parallel Automated Synthesis (2014)

Macromolecular (pro)drugs interfere with the proliferation of HIV through both inhibition of viral cell entry and via intracellular delivery of antiviral drugs. Lead polymer conjugates exhibit longevity of action exceeding that of parent nucleoside analogue drug and are active in primary T cell over at least 72 h.
Pathological stage review is indicated in primary pT1 bladder cancer (2010)

A stage review is indicated in pT1 BC, as almost 20% of pT1 tumours were up- or downstaged, and the reviewed stage predicted the patient's prognosis. Hence, pathology review identified patients with different prognoses who might benefit from other treatment strategies than BCG. We confirmed that CIS is an unfavourable sign in pT1 bladder cancer.
Co-Firing of Low- and Middle- Permittivity Dielectric Tapes of Fabricating Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics (2004)

Herein, we report on the co-firing of a low-K wiring substrate and a middle-K functional substrate in LTCC. Firstly, we researched the sintering behavior and dielectric properties of the low-k wiring substrate comprised by alumina and glass frit with <TEX>${\varepsilon}_r$</TEX>, of <TEX>$\sim7$</TEX> and the middle-k functional substrate comprised by <TEX>$Ba_{5}Nb_{4}O_{15}$</TEX> and glass frit with <TEX>${\varepsilon}_r$</TEX>, of <TEX>$20\sim30$</TEX>. The warpage and delamination between the hetero layers of the low-K and the middle-K composition were also studied. In particular, physical matching of the hetero layers could be possible by adjusting of the sintering properties of the composition. We observed that an introduction of the glass frit to the low- and middle-K substrate gives rise to a minimization of an effect given by separation of the hetero layers, and modification of the fraction of the glass frit accompanied by a variation of the composition could control the sintering behavior and its beginning temperature. In the case of co-firing of the L03 as the low-K wiring substrate composition and the M03 as the middle-K functional substrate composition at <TEX>$875^{\circ}C$</TEX>, we could fabricate a desirable structure of hetero layers without any kinds of structural defects such as separation, warpage, delamination, pore trap, etc. We suppose that the co-firing techniques described in this study would provide a helpful method to fabricate a LTCC multi-functional for the next generation.
A high gain patch fed horn antenna for millimeter wave imaging receiver (2005)

In this paper, antennas that combine transitions from microstrip line / coplanar waveguide (CPW) to horn antenna in a single unit are presented. Conventional single layer microstrip patch antennas inherently suffer narrow operation bandwidth; to widen the frequency bandwidth, stacked patch antennas are used and high gain is achieved from the horn antenna. Here, microstrip line / CPW directly feeds the bottom patch while the top patch couples parasitically to the bottom patch. For -10 dB return loss, 25% bandwidth is achieved for both microstrip line to horn antenna (MSLTHA) at center frequency f<sub>0</sub>=17.5 GHz and for CPW to horn antenna (CPWTHA) at f<sub>0</sub>=97 GHz. The designs were optimized using 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) software HFSS by Ansoft Corporation. The optimal design of MSLTHA has been fabricated and characterized. The return loss and far field radiation pattern are measured and has been found in very good agreement with the simulation results.
Custom on-chip sensors for post-silicon failing path isolation in the presence of process variations (2012)

This work offers a framework for predicting the delays of individual design paths at the post-silicon stage which is applicable to post-silicon validation and delay characterization. The prediction challenge is mainly due to limited access for direct delay measurement on the design paths after fabrication, combined with the high degree of variability in the process and environmental factors. Our framework is based on using on-chip delay sensors to improve timing prediction. Given a placed netlist at the pre-silicon stage, an optimization procedure is described which automatically generates the sensors subject to an area budget and available whitespace on the layout, in the presence of process variations. Each sensor is then generated as a sequence of logic gates with an approximate location on the layout at the pre-silicon stage. The on-chip sensor delay is then measured to predict the delays of individual design paths with less pessimism. In our experiments, we show that custom on-chip sensors can significantly increase the rate of predicting if a specified set of paths are failing their timing requirements.
Mismatch Negativity and P300 to Behaviorally Perceptible and Imperceptible Frequency and Intensity Contrasts (2011)

Mismatch negativity and the P300 have been investigated as electrophysiological indices of behavioral auditory discrimination of duration. Using an oddball paradigm, responses were evoked to stimuli that had been behaviorally demonstrated to be either perceptible or imperceptible. The results indicated P300 events were present with the perceptible contrast but absent for the imperceptible contrast with all participants, while mismatch negativities were present in approximately 80 and 20% of participants to the perceptible and imperceptible contrasts, respectively. The present study extended the findings by applying the same paradigm to the discrimination of spectral and amplitude contrasts. 10 young adults with normal hearing were participants. Assuming that auditory assessment should involve representation and processing in all acoustic domains (i.e., temporal/duration, spectral/frequency, and amplitude/intensity), the effects seen with temporal contrasts were predicted to be similar for spectral and amplitude contrasts. The findings generally illustrated that the P300 was more accurate than the mismatch negativity in reflecting behavioral discrimination. Together, these studies challenge the use of mismatch negativity as an electrophysiological correlate for behavioral discrimination of auditory perceptible contrasts.
Timely Object Recognition (2012)

In a large visual multi-class detection framework, the timeliness of results can be crucial. Our method for timely multi-class detection aims to give the best possible performance at any single point after a start time; it is terminated at a deadline time. Toward this goal, we formulate a dynamic, closed-loop policy that infers the contents of the image in order to decide which detector to deploy next. In contrast to previous work, our method significantly diverges from the predominant greedy strategies, and is able to learn to take actions with deferred values. We evaluate our method with a novel timeliness measure, computed as the area under an Average Precision vs. Time curve. Experiments are conducted on the PASCAL VOC object detection dataset. If execution is stopped when only half the detectors have been run, our method obtains 66 % better AP than a random ordering, and 14 % better performance than an intelligent baseline. On the timeliness measure, our method obtains at least 11 % better performance. Our method is easily extensible, as it treats detectors and classifiers as black boxes and learns from execution traces using reinforcement learning. 1
Switchable Chemoselectivity for Organocatalytic, Asymmetric Malononitrile Addition to ortho-Formyl Chalcones (2017)

Chemoselective 1,2- and 1,4-addition of malononitriles to ortho-formyl chalcones using cinchona alkaloid based bifunctional chiral organocatalysts has been shown by tuning the electronic nature of the malononitriles. Alkyl (hard) malononitriles undergo an asymmetric 1,2-addition followed by oxa-Michael reaction cascade to afford 1,3-disubstituted isobenzofurans with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity. Aryl (soft) malononitriles proceed through 1,4-addition followed by an aldol reaction cascade to provide indanols, having three consecutive stereocenters, in good yields and with good to excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivites.
A Pairwise Log-Ratio Method for the Identification of Biomarkers (2016)

One of the main goals in metabolomics is the identification of biomarkers metabolites which are capable of distinguishing between groups of, e.g., healthy and unhealthy patients.There are various methods for identifying biomarkers in the statistical field.Difficulties arise by facing the so-called size effect, which occurs due to different sample volume or concentration.In that case, the true signal is hidden in the data structure, and it can be revealed only after a special treatment.One possibility is to normalize the data first, other possibilities include certain transformations, see e.g.[1].Here we propose a method that makes use of the log-ratio approach [2].We use the elements of the variation matrix, which are defined as the variance of log(x i /x j ), for all pairs of variables x i and x j .The advantage of log-ratios is that the absolute concentration is irrelevant, which is appropriate in this context.The variation matrix is computed for the joint data, as well as for the single groups separately.A statistic is then constructed, involving all three sources of information.Since the distribution of the statistic is unknown, we use the bootstrap technique; biomarkers are then considered as variables where most of their pairwise log-ratios are significantly different.The method has been tested on simulated data as well as on real data sets.The simulations have been carried out according to the scheme outlined in [1].In both the low-dimensional (9 variables) and the high-dimensional (500 variables) situation, the new proposal shows excellent behavior with respect to the true positives, false discovery and false negative rates.These simulations reveal slight advantages over PQN normalization, the method which turned out in [1] as the best among all considered options.The new pairwise log-ratio method has the big advantage that it can easily be robustified against outliers in the data, by simply using a robust estimator of the variance.
Antitumor benzothiazoles. 13. (Diacetoxy)iodobenzene (DAIB) oxidation of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole and related compounds in the presence of dienophiles (2000)

This paper is dedicated to Otto Meth-Cohn
Synthesis, Structures and Theoretical Investigation of [Cu4(P2S6)(PPh3)4], [Cu6(P2S6)Cl2(PPh3)6], and [Au4(P2S6)(PPh3)4] (2000)

The silylated derivative of thiophosphoric acid (S)P(SSiMe3)3 is used as a convenient starting compound for the synthesis of multinuclear Cu and Au cluster complexes. (S)P(SSiMe3)3 reacts with CuCI/PPh3 and [AuCClPPh3] to give the following compounds: [Cu4(P2S6)(PPh3)4] (1), [Cu6(P2S6)Cl2-(PPh3)6] (2) and [Au4(P2S6)(PPh3)4](3). According to X-ray structure determination, these compounds contain P2S6(4-) ions, in which S atoms act as ligands for Cu+ and Au+ ions. Although 1 and 3 have the same stoichiometry, bonding of the metal ions to the P2S6 skeleton displays small but remarkable differences. Au is twofold coordinated, whereas Cu shows a threefold coordination. Ab initio calculations have been carried out to rationalise these structural differences. The theoretical treatment of the corresponding Ag compound indicates the latter to be less stable.
QHM: The quantitative hierarchical model for network-level traffic management (2013)

The QHM framework offers a scalable approach to network-level traffic management, in short: Network Management (NM), which is the coherent management of traffic in large road networks. The framework consists of a recursive decomposition of large networks and a recursive control strategy. The framework distributes the complexity of NM among different levels and, per level, among a number of subnetworks, such that each management instance has only a limited amount of complexity to cope with. In this way, NM becomes feasible and scalable, such that it can be applied to heterogeneous networks of arbitrary size.
Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from Identification of a Novel Subgroup of Melanomas with KIT/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-4 Overexpression (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from Identification of a Novel Subgroup of Melanomas with KIT/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-4 Overexpression
High-throughput gadobutrol-enhanced CMR: a time and dose optimization study (2016)

A standardized CE-CMR rest protocol giving a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadobutrol before cine-imaging and performing LGE 10 min after injection represents a fast low-dose protocol without significant loss of information in comparison to a longer protocol with cine-imaging before contrast injection and a higher dose of gadobutrol. This approach allows to reduce examination time and costs as well as minimize contrast-agent exposure.
Piézorésistivité du manganin et de l'ytterbium déposés par pulvérisation cathodique (1981)

Il est possible de réaliser des jauges piézorésistives de manganin et d'ytterbium par pulvérisation cathodique. Un certain nombre de jauges ont été fabriquées sur différents supports, notamment silice et kapton. Nous présentons les essais effectués pour évaluer leurs coefficients respectifs en pression dynamique.
Degradation of GaAs0.9P0.1LED's Operating at High Current Densities (1978)

Degradation of GaAs0.9P0.1 LED's under high stress current densities (≧0.8 kA/cm2) are studied for optical fiber communication systems. The degradation modes are divided into two categories: initial rapid degradation and long term degradation. The former corresponds to the formation of dark spot defects (DSD's), <110> and <100> oriented dark line defects (DLD's). Among them frequent of <110 > DLD's due to internal stress present in the GaAs–GaAs0.9P0.1 epitaxial structure is typical of these LED's.The latter is characterized by formation of nonradiative recombination centers near the P-N junction. At this stage of degradation DSD's and DLD's show little change in their size and shape, and the gradient of the ionized impurity distribution near the P-N junction decreases, which implies that ionized impurities are transferred to the junction, where they are accumulated and precipitated, contributing to the formation of nonradiative centers.
Terminal differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemic cells in primary culture in response to retinoic acid (1981)

The recent finding that retinoic acid induces terminal granulocytic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, prompted an investigation of the sensitivity to this inducer of human myelocytic leukemia cells in primary suspension culture. Of the 21 leukemic specimens, only cells from the two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia differentiated in response to retinoic acid. After an incubation period of 5--7 days in 1 microM retinoic acid, the cells from these two patients showed extensive morphological and functional maturation. Thus, because it appears that retinoic acid specifically induces granulocytic differentiation of leukemic promyelocytes, this compound may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
In Vitro Controlled Release of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride Using HPMC-Based Matrix Tablets and Its Comparison with Marketed Product (2007)

The present study is an attempt to formulate a controlled-release matrix tablet formulation for alfuzosin hydrochloride by using low viscous hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K-100 and HPMC 15cps) and its comparison with marketed product. Different batches of tablets containing 10 mg of alfuzosin were prepared by direct compression technique and evaluated for their physical properties, drug content, and in vitro drug release. All the formulations had a good physical integrity, and the drug content between the batches did not vary by more than 1%. Drug release from the matrix tablets was carried out for 12 hr and showed that the release rate was not highly significant with different ratios of HPMC K-100 and HPMC15cps. Similar dissolution profiles were observed between formulation F3 and the marketed product throughout the study period. The calculated regression coefficients showed a higher r2 value with zero-order kinetics and Higuchi model in all the cases. Although both the models could be applicable, zero-order kinetics seems to be better. Hence, it can be concluded that the use of low viscous hydrophilic polymer of different grades (HPMC K-100 and HPMC 15cps) can control the alfuzosin release for a period of 12 hr and was comparable to the marketed product.
Tonische und phasische Aktivität des endokrinen Herzens bei kardiovaskulären Patienten und Patienten mit Leberzirrhose (1988)

Das volumensensorische und volumenregulatorische Vorhoforgan besteht aus einem afferenten Schenkel mit volumen- bzw. dehnungsempfindlichen Rezeptoren (19, 26) („to sense the fullness of the blood stream“ (34)) und einem efferenten Schenkel. Spezialisierte myoendokrine Zellen (17) konstituieren den atrialen sekretorischen Apparat; sie synthetisieren und sezernieren ein endogenes Saluretikum mit vasodilatierenden Eigenschaften, den atrialen natriuretischen Faktor (ANF) (1, 12, 24, 30, 32, 37). Neben neuronalen und anderen humoralen Effektoren (27) ist der ANF möglicherweise ein Hauptpfeiler der efferenten kardio-(zerebro-)renalen Achse (5).
Surgical Emergency Cases — Endoscopic Treatment (1978)

For gastrointestinal surgery endoscopy gains more and more importance. Besides the desired improvement of pre-, intra- and postoperative diagnosis multiple therapeutic procedures proved to be practicable. Of special interest are those methods, which can be used successfully in emergency cases. Here the foreign body dislodgement, the stopping of hemorrhage and the introduction of tubes in cases of ileus or dehiscence of the suture have to be mentioned. The endoscopic treatment is very often a complementary or palliative one and not so much an alternative. These methods are applied to patients at high risk.
Alberto Escobar (ed.), El reto del multilingüismo en el Perú. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima, 1972; 281 pp. (Serie Perú problema, 9). (1974)

Se reseñó el libro: El reto del multilingüismo en el Perú.
Architectural Isomerism in the Three-Dimensional Polymeric Spin Crossover System {Fe(pmd)2[Ag(CN)2]2}:  Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Calorimetric Studies (2005)

Two coordination polymers formulated [Fe(pmd)2[Ag(CN)2]2] (pmd = pyrimidine) have been synthesized and characterized. Both polymers, considered to be architectural isomers, display different crystal structures and magnetic properties. Isomer 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with a = 6.9750(8) angstroms, b = 16.1700(9) angstroms, c = 14.2020(8) angstroms, beta = 97.954(2) degrees, V = 1586.37(14) angstroms3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure of isomer 2 has been studied at 250 and 150 K. At both temperatures, 2 displays the orthorhombic Pccn space group with a = 15.7700(2) [14.8950(2)] angstroms, b = 8.2980(4) [8.1580(4)] angstroms, c = 13.4180(6) [13.3480(5)] angstroms, V = 1755.87(14) [1621.96(10)] angstroms3, and Z = 4 for 250 [150] K. The iron(II) ions define distorted octahedral [FeN6] chromophores in both isomers. The equatorial positions are occupied by four [Ag(CN)2]- bridging ligands, which connect the defining layers of two iron(II) ions. Isomer 1 has two crystallographically distinct [Ag(CN)2]- groups; one is essentially linear, while the other is severely distorted [C(5)-Ag(2)-C(5i)] = 138.8(5) degrees. This fact facilitates the parallel interpenetration of two layers, which in addition show short Ag(1)....Ag(2) interactions (distance Ag(1)....Ag(2) = 2.9972(10) angstroms). Isomer 2 shows only one type of Ag atom, which is slightly bent [C-Ag-C = 161.54(12) degrees], and as a consequence, the layers defined are not interpenetrated. In both cases, the axial positions are occupied by the pmd ligands which interact with the Ag atoms of adjacent layers defining a 3D coordination polymer. Compound 1 is high spin in the whole range of temperatures, while 2 undergoes a cooperative high-spin <--> low-spin effect centered at ca. 184 K with a hysteresis loop ca. 5 K wide. The experimental enthalpy and entropy variations were 11.5 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1) and 64 +/- 3 J K(-1) mol(-1). Consistency between the experimental thermodynamic data and the magnetic data was checked in the frame of regular solution theory.
New Bioactive 2,3‐Epoxycyclohexenes and Isocoumarins from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. from Laurus Azorica (2009)

Abstract Six new metabolites, namely cycloepoxylactone ( 1a ), cycloepoxytriol A ( 2 ), cycloepoxytriol B ( 3 ) and phomolactones A–C ( 4 – 6 ), were isolated from two cultures of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. (internal strain no. 7233). Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic data including HREIMS, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY). The absolute configurations of 1a , 4 and 5 were determined by circular dichroism and comparison of solution CD spectra with TDDFT‐calculated ones. Preliminary studies showed that cycloepoxylactone ( 1a ) has good antibacterial, antifungal, and algicidal activity against Bacillus megaterium , Microbotryum violaceum , and Chlorella fusca , respectively, whereas cycloepoxytriol B ( 3 ) has good algicidal activity against Chlorella fusca .(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)