gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen am Graphitoxid. VI. Betrachtungen zur Struktur des Graphitoxids (1969)

Abstract Es wird eine Übersicht über die Ergebnisse der Bestimmungen funktioneller Gruppen und der IR‐spektroskopischen Befunde bei auf verschiedene Weise hergestellten Graphitoxid(GO)‐Präparaten gegeben. Auf Grund dieser Befunde wird ein neues Strukturmodell entworfen, das keinen Äthersauerstoff enthält und gewellte Kohlenstoffnetze aufweist, in denen periodisch CC‐Bindungen unterbrochen sind. Das Modell enthält Hydroxylgruppen und Carbonylgruppen in verschiedener Umgebung. Elektronenbeugung und Adsorptionsversuche weisen darauf hin, daß die GO‐Schichten mosaikartig aus derart geordneten Bereichen bei verschiedener Orientierung ihrer a‐Achsen bestehen. Diese Bereiche sind durch weniger geordnete Übergangszonen miteinander verbunden. Dadurch erhält GO Molekularsieb‐Eigenschaften. In den GO‐Teilchen weisen die Schichten keine turbostratische Unordnung auf; sie sind ohne gegenseitige Verdrehung nur in a‐Richtung regellos gegeneinander verschoben.
Near-infrared and mid-infrared integrated photonics based on Ge-on-insulator platform (2017)

We present the Ge-on-insulator platform for photonic integrated circuits. We have successfully demonstrated Ge photodetector integrated with a-Si waveguide. Ge passive waveguides and carrier-injection modulator operating at 2 μm wavelength are also demonstrated.
Scan-phase antenna diversity for digital satellite radio (SDARS) in a single automotive side mirror (2014)

The reception of satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS) by vehicular receivers with a single antenna is usually only possible using a rooftop mounting position due to very strict specifications by the service provider. In cars where rooftop mounting is not an option alternative mounting positions have to be found. In most situations a single receiving antenna is not sufficient due to shadowing, attenuation, and strict size constraints leading to small ground planes in these positions. A single side mirror is used for mounting a diversity antenna set which is combined with a scan-phase diversity system in the work described in this paper. Signal recordings of such a scenario are analysed statistically and compared for test drive data of a shadowed and a non-shadowed antenna positioning due to the driving direction. Measurement results of the audio availability in real Rayleigh-fading scenarios show that the diversity system outperforms a single standard antenna on the rooftop of a car in this new configuration even though the car's shadowing of the antenna is considered.
Book Review of Meetings of Cultures: Between Conflict and Coexistence, edited by Pia Guldager Bilde and Jane Hjarl Petersen (2010)

Meetings of Cultures is the second major collection on the archaeology of the Black Sea area that Guldager Bilde and coeditors have produced (the other, coedited with V. Stolba, is Surveying the Greek Chora: The Black Sea Region in a Comparative Perspective [Aarhus 2006]).
Effect of particles’ characteristics and road surface’s texture on the tire/road friction (2018)

This paper presents a laboratory study to investigate the lubrication induced by particles deposited on road surfaces which is responsible for the increase of accidents at the first rain after a long dry period. Particles are extracted from sediments collected at a catchment area and characterized by their chemical composition and size distribution. Protocol to simulate the particle deposit on the road surface and their compaction by the traffic is described. The test program includes variables such as particle concentrations, particles' size fractions and surface textures. Dry friction tests are conducted using the Skid Resistance Tester which simulates the sliding friction between a rubber slider and the test surface. Friction is lowered when the surface is covered by particles, compared with a clean surface. Repeated passages of the slider induce an increase of friction coefficient until reaching a stable value. Particles' flows during a friction run are separated into those ejected from the sample, those stored by the surface macrotexture and those that stay on the test surface; this study demonstrated that the friction coefficient is closely related to the quantity of particles available on the test surface. SEM analysis shows on the other hand that these particles are mainly trapped by the surface microtexture. Similar behavior between fine particles and powder in terms of lubrication mechanisms is observed.
Charged Particle Dynamics in Technological Radio Frequency Plasmas Operated in CF4 (2016)

International audience
The Conventional Gas Diffusion Electrode May Not Be Resistant to Flooding during CO 2 /CO Reduction (2022)

The electrochemical CO 2 or CO reduction to chemicals and fuels using renewable energy is a promising way to reduce anthropogenic carbon emissions. The gas diffusion electrode (GDE) design enables low-carbon manufacturing of target products at a current density (e.g., 500 mA cm −2 ) relevant to industrial requirements. However, the long-term stability of the GDE is restricted by poor water management and flooding, resulting in a significant hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) within almost an hour. The optimization of water management in the GDE demands a thorough understanding of the role of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the catalyst layer (CL) distinctively. Herein, the hydrophobicity of the GDL and CL is independently adjusted to investigate their influence on gas transport efficiency and water management. The gas transport efficiency is more enhanced with the increase in hydrophobicity of the GDL than the CL. Direct visualization of water distribution by optical microscope and micro-computed tomography demonstrates that the water flow pattern transfers from the stable displacement to capillary fingering as GDL hydrophobicity increases. Unfortunately, only increasing the hydrophobicity is not sufficient to prevent flooding. A revolutionary change in the design of the GDE structure is essential to maintain the long-term stability of CO 2 /CO reduction.
Bioinspired Postural Controllers for a Locked-Ankle Exoskeleton Targeting Complete SCI Users (2020)

Several lower-limb exoskeletons enable overcoming obstacles that would impair daily activities of wheelchair users, such as going upstairs. Still, as most of the currently commercialized exoskeletons require the use of crutches, they prevent the user from interacting efficiently with the environment. In a previous study, a bio-inspired controller was developed to allow dynamic standing balance for such exoskeletons. It was however only tested on the device without any user. This work describes and evaluates a new controller that extends this previous one with an online model compensation, and the contribution of the hip joint against strong perturbations. In addition, both controllers are tested with the exoskeleton TWIICE One, worn by a complete spinal cord injury pilot. Their performances are compared by the mean of three tasks: standing quietly, resisting external perturbations, and lifting barbells of increasing weight. The new controller exhibits a similar performance for quiet standing, longer recovery time for dynamic perturbations but better ability to sustain prolonged perturbations, and higher weightlifting capability.
Fast Online Object Tracking and Segmentation: A Unifying Approach (2018)

In this paper we illustrate how to perform both visual object tracking and semi-supervised video object segmentation, in real-time, with a single simple approach. Our method, dubbed SiamMask, improves the offline training procedure of popular fully-convolutional Siamese approaches for object tracking by augmenting their loss with a binary segmentation task. Once trained, SiamMask solely relies on a single bounding box initialisation and operates online, producing class-agnostic object segmentation masks and rotated bounding boxes at 55 frames per second. Despite its simplicity, versatility and fast speed, our strategy allows us to establish a new state of the art among real-time trackers on VOT-2018, while at the same time demonstrating competitive performance and the best speed for the semi-supervised video object segmentation task on DAVIS-2016 and DAVIS-2017. The project website is http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~qwang/SiamMask.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Hexakis(trifluoromethyl)digermachalcogenanes. (1988)

Abstract The title compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc), prepared as outlined in the scheme, and the known compound (IIId) are characterized by IR, 19 F, 13 C NMR and mass spectral data.
Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Diabetes: Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Treatment (2017)

An absolute, supraphysiologic elevation in GFR is observed early in the natural history in 10%-67% and 6%-73% of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Moreover, at the single-nephron level, diabetes-related renal hemodynamic alterations-as an adaptation to reduction in functional nephron mass and/or in response to prevailing metabolic and (neuro)hormonal stimuli-increase glomerular hydraulic pressure and transcapillary convective flux of ultrafiltrate and macromolecules. This phenomenon, known as glomerular hyperfiltration, classically has been hypothesized to predispose to irreversible nephron damage, thereby contributing to initiation and progression of kidney disease in diabetes. However, dedicated studies with appropriate diagnostic measures and clinically relevant end points are warranted to confirm this assumption. In this review, we summarize the hitherto proposed mechanisms involved in diabetic hyperfiltration, focusing on ultrastructural, vascular, and tubular factors. Furthermore, we review available evidence on the clinical significance of hyperfiltration in diabetes and discuss currently available and emerging interventions that may attenuate this renal hemodynamic abnormality. The revived interest in glomerular hyperfiltration as a prognostic and pathophysiologic factor in diabetes may lead to improved and timely detection of (progressive) kidney disease, and could provide new therapeutic opportunities in alleviating the renal burden in this population.
Mediated taxonomy system for bioinformatics data integration (2007)

In biomedical/biological research fields, scientists usually face the problem of information explosion. Once a query is issued, a collection of data instance IDs such as protein accession numbers are returned. Each protein must be checked for the features of interest. This paper addresses the characterization and differentiating of biological data in the context of mediated domain ontology based on the multilevel abstraction framework. Our mediator system features hybrid ontologies (internal core ontology concept and external classification/annotation concepts) for the interpretation of protein and gene instance data in the context of interaction, pathway and process, which achieve the goal of data integration at the instance level.
Phase Behavior of Bituminous Materials (2015)

An attenuated association model previously developed to describe the aggregation of asphaltenes in solution is extended to a description of the phase behavior of bitumen and asphalts. Work reported in the literature using various experimental techniques shows that these materials have complex phase structures, but essentially consist of two amorphous phases: one is predominantly asphaltenes and the other is largely maltenes. In the work reported here, these materials were first modeled as pseudo-two-component mixtures, where one component consists of a self-associating component that, for the most part, corresponds to asphaltenes, while the second component is a non-self-associating component that essentially consists of maltenes. It is shown that the critical value of the Flory χ interaction parameter is significantly reduced in these mixtures, relative to asphaltene solutions, and calculated binodals (coexistence curves) are very broad and asymmetric, with a phase boundary that approaches the pure maltene composition limit. This indicates that, above a critical value of χ, bitumen and asphalts phase-separate into an almost-pure maltene fraction. However, the asphaltene-rich phase consists of an appreciable non-self-associating fraction that varies with temperature and overall bitumen composition. Ternary phase diagrams were also calculated by assuming that bitumen is a pseudo-three-component system that consists of a self-associating component, identified as asphaltenes, saturates, and aromatics plus resins (combined). These ternary mixtures are predicted to phase-separate into two phases: one consists of asphaltenes and aromatics plus resins, but with only small amounts of saturates, while the second phase consists of a mixture of saturates and aromatics plus resins with only trace amounts of asphaltenes. The calculations are consistent with experimental measurements of the glass-transition temperatures of these materials and microscopic observations of phase behavior.
Table S4 from The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ranked expression of genes in MDA PCa 144-13 vs MDA PCa 144-4&lt;/p&gt;
Analytical Solution to Find the Interference Boundaries of Planar Cable-Driven Mechanisms (2017)

Cable interference in cable-driven mechanisms (CDM) is a major challenge in their applications. The wrench closure workspace (WCW) in a fully constrained mechanism may not be realized unless cable interference is considered. This paper classifies all possible types of cable interferences for planar cable-driven mechanisms and presents an analytical solution to find the boundaries of the constant-orientation interference region. It is shown that interference between cables starts and ends when one end of a cable coincides with another cable which can be thought as lying a point on a line segment. This geometrical view is developed and applied to provide a framework for the analysis of cable interference. By subtracting the interference space form WCW, the interference-free workspace is obtained in which the robot is able to operate.
Biomarker system for studying muscle, stem cells, and cancer in vivo (2009)

Bioluminescent reporter genes are sensitive in situ tools for following disease progression in preclinical models, albeit they are subject to scattering and absorption in deep tissues. We have generated a bicistronic Cre/LoxP reporter mouse line that pairs the expression of firefly luciferase with quantifiable expression of a human placental alkaline phosphatase that is secreted into the serum (SeAP). With the use of this dual-modality bioreporter with a novel, inducible Pax7-CreER line for tracking muscle satellite cells, we demonstrate the longitudinal kinetics of muscle stem cell turnover, accounting for a doubling of the signal from satellite cell and progeny every 3.93 wk in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. We also show that this dual-modality bioreporter can be incorporated in preclinical cancer models, whereby SeAP activity is reflective of tumor burden. Thus, this dual bioreporter permits both spatial localization and accurate quantification of biological processes in vivo even when the tissue of interest is deep within the animal.
Chondrogenic Differentiation Processes in Human Bone Marrow Aspirates upon rAAV-Mediated Gene Transfer and Overexpression of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (2015)

Direct therapeutic gene transfer in marrow concentrates is an attractive strategy to conveniently enhance the chondrogenic differentiation processes as a means to improve the healing response of damaged articular cartilage upon reimplantation in sites of injury. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the clinically adapted recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors to mediate overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in human bone marrow aspirates that may modulate the proliferative, anabolic activities, and chondrogenic differentiation potential in such samples in vitro. The results demonstrate that successful, significant rAAV-mediated IGF-I gene transfer and expression were achieved in transduced aspirates (up to 105.9±35.1 pg rhIGF-I/mg total proteins) over time (21 days) at very high levels (∼80% of cells expressing the candidate IGF-I transgene), leading to increased levels of proliferation, matrix synthesis, and chondrogenic differentiation over time compared with the control (lacZ) condition. Treatment with the candidate IGF-I vector also stimulated the hypertrophic and osteogenic differentiation processes in the aspirates, suggesting that the regulation of IGF-I expression through rAAV will be a prerequisite for future translation of the approach in vivo. However, these findings show the possible benefits of this vector class to directly modify marrow concentrates as a convenient tool for strategies that aim at improving the repair of articular cartilage lesions.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Completely Etherified Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Derivatives (2021)

Previously, we have reported on the preparation of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) ether derivatives by the Williamson ether synthesis as SN2 reaction. In this article, we carried out the optimization of synthesis conditions to obtain the completely etherified HPC derivatives tethering hexyl ethers in the side chains (HPC-HeEt). By adopting N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as a reaction solvent, as-synthesized HPC-HeEt showed high substitution degree of hexyl ethers, probably arising from high solubility of NaOH in NMP. Moreover, this optimized reaction condition enabled to apply the synthesis of completely etherified HPC derivatives with different length of alkyl chains. These HPC ether derivatives showed thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) phase with visible Bragg reflection. As a result, their reflection properties would be stable against humidity due to the robust bonding of ether group rather than ester.
Solar cell with niobium pentoxide anti-reflective coating. [-Patent] (1976)

A niobium pentoxide (Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/) antireflective coating for use on a solar cell responsive to light in the short wavelength region is described.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation of biliary epithelial cells and its effect on bile secretion in the isolated perfused liver (1997)

The aim was to explore whether biliary epithelial cells show muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and to investigate their role in ductular bile formation. In both, isolated rat biliary epithelial cells and Mz-Cha-1 cells, a biliary epithelial cell line, binding of [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine occurred with 0.718 +/- 0.08 and 0.482 +/- 0.05 fmol per 10(6) cells, respectively. To characterize the involved second messenger, intracellular Ca2+ levels were monitored by confocal microscopy. Stimulation of biliary epithelial cells with carbachol produced an increase in free cytosolic Ca2+ levels that declined to baseline values describing a sinusoidal oscillation curve. Increasing concentrations of the agonist decreased latency of the response and increased oscillation frequency. Similar results were obtained in Mz-Cha-1 cells. The intracellular Ca2+ originated from IP3 sensitive intracellular stores and from the extracellular medium. The Ca2+ response could partially be blocked by atropine and completely by pirenzepine, a specific muscarinic receptor-type M1 antagonist. The presence of M1 receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) in biliary epithelial cells was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In the isolated perfused guinea pig liver, a model with high ductular bile flow, carbachol induced a dose dependent decrease of bile flow by 79.6% +/- 9.8% at 50 mumol/L carbachol (P < .001), without affecting perfusion pressure or biliary electrolyte concentrations. It is concluded that biliary epithelial cells express muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Stimulation of this receptor leads to cholestasis. This could be because of changes in peribiliary permeability and/or inhibition of biliary epithelial cell secretory function.
Fracture and Fatigue Behavior at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures of Alumina Bonded with Copper/Niobium/Copper Interlayers (2002)

Interfacial fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue‐crack growth properties of joints made from 99.5% pure alumina partially transient liquid‐phase bonded using copper/niobium/copper interlayers have been investigated at both room and elevated temperatures, and assessed in terms of interfacial chemistry and microstructure. The mean interfacial fracture toughness, G c , was found to decrease from 39 to 21 J/m 2 as temperature was raised from 25° to 1000°C, with failure primarily at the alumina/niobium interfaces. At room temperature, cyclic fatigue‐crack propagation occurred both at the niobium/alumina interface and in the alumina adjacent to the interface, with the fatigue threshold, Δ G TH , ranging from 20 to 30 J/m 2 ; the higher threshold values in that range resulted from a predominantly near‐interfacial (alumina) crack path. During both fracture and fatigue failure, residual copper at the interface deformed and remained adhered to both sides of the fracture surface, acting as a ductile second phase, while separation of the niobium/alumina interface appeared relatively brittle in both cases. The observed fracture and fatigue behavior is considered in terms of the respective roles of the presence of ductile copper regions at the interface which provide toughening, extrinsic toughening due to grain bridging during crack propagation in the alumina, and the relative crack propagation resistance of each crack path, including the effects of segregation at the interfaces found by Auger spectroscopy.
Simultaneous loss of E-cadherin and catenins in invasive lobular breast cancer and lobular carcinomain situ (1997)

Loss of expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin frequently occurs in invasive lobular breast carcinomas as a result of mutational inactivation. Expression patterns of E-cadherin and the molecules comprising the cytoplasmic complex of adherens junctions, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin, were studied in a series of 38 lobular breast carcinomas with known E-cadherin mutation status. The effect of loss of E-cadherin by mutational inactivation (or other mechanisms) on the expression of catenins was investigated. Complete loss of plasma membrane-associated E-cadherin expression was observed in 32 out of 38 invasive lobular carcinomas, for which in 21 cases a mutation was found in the extracellular domain of E-cadherin. In total, 15 frameshift mutations of small deletions or insertions, ranging from 1 to 41 bp, three non-sense mutations, and three splice mutations were identified. Mutations were scattered over the whole coding region and no hot spots could be detected. In all cases, simultaneous loss of E-cadherin and alpha- and beta-catenin expression was found; in 50 per cent of these cases, additional loss of gamma-catenin was observed. In six invasive lobular carcinomas, expression of both E-cadherin and catenins was retained. In none of these carcinomas was an E-cadherin mutation detected. Lobular carcinoma in situ adjacent to invasive lobular carcinoma showed simultaneous loss of E-cadherin and catenins in all the cases studied--remarkably, also, in four cases positive for E-cadherin and catenin expression in the invasive component. These results indicate that simultaneous loss of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin may be an important step in the formation of lobular carcinoma in situ, as a precursor of invasive lobular breast cancer. Events additional to E-cadherin inactivation must be involved in the transition of lobular carcinoma in situ to invasive lobular carcinoma.