gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Michael-aldol condensation approach to the construction of advanced intermediates in the synthesis of forskolin (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Michael-aldol condensation approach to the construction of advanced intermediates in the synthesis of forskolinCarmen Somoza, Jose Darias, and Edmundo A. RuvedaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 7, 1539–1543Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00268a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00268a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using Markov Blankets for Causal Structure Learning (2008)

We show how a generic feature-selection algorithm returning strongly relevant variables can be turned into a causal structure-learning algorithm. We prove this under the Faithfulness assumption for the data distribution. In a causal graph, the strongly relevant variables for a node X are its parents, children, and children's parents (or spouses), also known as the Markov blanket of X. Identifying the spouses leads to the detection of the V-structure patterns and thus to causal orientations. Repeating the task for all variables yields a valid partially oriented causal graph. We first show an efficient way to identify the spouse links. We then perform several experiments in the continuous domain using the Recursive Feature Elimination feature-selection algorithm with Support Vector Regression and empirically verify the intuition of this direct (but computationally expensive) approach. Within the same framework, we then devise a fast and consistent algorithm, Total Conditioning (TC), and a variant, TCbw, with an explicit backward feature-selection heuristics, for Gaussian data. After running a series of comparative experiments on five artificial networks, we argue that Markov blanket algorithms such as TC/TCbw or Grow-Shrink scale better than the reference PC algorithm and provides higher structural accuracy.
Traffic sign classification using K-d trees and Random Forests (2011)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of K-d trees and Random Forests for traffic sign classification using different size Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptors and Distance Transforms. We use the German Traffic Sign Benchmark data set [1] containing 43 classes and more than 50,000 images. The K-d tree is fast to build and search in. We combine the tree classifiers with the HOG descriptors as well as the Distance Transforms and achieve classification rates of up to 97% and 81.8% respectively.
Inner bremsstrahlung accompanying beta decay inSr90-Y90 (1983)

The inner bremsstrahlung spectrum accompanying first forbidden beta decay in $^{90}\mathrm{Sr}$-$^{90}\mathrm{Y}$ has been measured in the energy region from 80 to 600 keV with a 4.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5.1 cm NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The magnetic deflection technique was employed in conjunction with a good geometry setup. After making all the corrections, viz., background, energy resolution, Compton electron distribution, detection efficiency (including geometry factor), and can absorption, the measured pulse height distribution is compared with (1) the allowed theory of Knipp and Uhlenbeck and Bloch, (2) the Coulomb-corrected theory of Lewis and Ford, and (3) the detour theory of Ford and Martin summing the contributions from $^{90}\mathrm{Sr}$ and $^{90}\mathrm{Y}$ in the investigated energy region. The measured pulse height distribution was found not to show agreement with any one of the theories. However, limited proximity exists between the measurements and different theories at different energy ranges.RADIOACTIVITY $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay, $^{90}\mathrm{Sr}$-$^{90}\mathrm{Y}$, measured IB, magnetic deflection, NaI(Tl).
Cobaltocenium [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties (2008)

Abstract Cobaltocene, [Co II (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 ) 2 ], readily reduced [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole ( 2 ) to the [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl radical anion ( 1 ) which was isolated in the form of the thermally stable salt [Co III (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 ) 2 ][ 1 ] ( 5 ) in 93 % yield. The XRD structure of 5 displays layers of radical anions 1 , with S ··· N contacts of 358.2 and 366.0 pm between neighboring species. The salt was further characterized by ESR spectroscopy in the solid state as well as in solution. The temperature dependence of its magnetic susceptibility ( χ ) in the range of 2–300 K with a maximum at (9.7 ± 0.5) K indicates antiferromagnetic ordering of the spin system. The magnetic structure of 5 was analyzed in terms of dimeric exchange integrals calculated by a spin‐unrestricted broken‐symmetry approach at the DFT/UB3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level of theory and was found to be 2D. Further analysis of the χ ( T ) dependence was performed by using the low‐ and high‐temperature series expansion methods for the S = 1/2 square lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. The exchange interactions between radical anions 1 were estimated to be J = (–4.2 ± 0.7) cm –1 . With the general form of the Van Vleck equation for a [3 × 4] grid of spins 1/2, the best fit of the experimental χ ( T ) was achieved with J 1 = –5.0 cm –1 and J 2 = –0.23 cm –1 . Thus, the exchange interactions in 5 are stronger than those observed for previously studied salts of 1 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Low‐Energy Selective Capture of Carbon Dioxide by a Pre‐designed Elastic Single‐Molecule Trap (2012)

Single-molecule trap: Easy activation of the water-stable metal-organic framework PCN-200 provides a new route to low-energy selective CO(2) capture through stimuli-responsive adsorption behavior. This elastic CO(2) trapping effect was confirmed by single-component and binary gas-adsorption isotherms and crystallographic determination.
Co-association of parkin and α-synuclein (2001)

Parkin and alpha-synuclein are two proteins that are associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin is present in Lewy bodies and axonal spheroids in brains affected by PD, and mutations in parkin cause hereditary forms of Parkinsonism. Alpha-synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies and is associated with rare cases of PD. We now show that parkin binds to alpha-synuclein, including conditions associated with alpha-synuclein aggregation. Parkin and alpha-synuclein complexes were observed in BE-M17 cells under basal conditions, in BE- M17 cells under oxidative conditions and in brains from control or PD donors. Double staining of PD brains shows parkin and alpha-synuclein co-localize to the same pathological structures (both Lewy bodies and axonal spheroids). These results suggest that parkin interacts with alpha-synuclein and could contribute to the pathophysiology of PD more generally than was previously considered.
Visual Comparative Omics of Fungi for Plant Biomass Deconstruction (2016)

Wood-decay fungi contain the cellular mechanisms to decompose such plant cell wall components as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. A multi-omics approach to the comparative analysis of wood-decay fungi gives not only new insights into their strategies for decomposing recalcitrant plant biomass, but also an understanding of how to exploit these mechanisms for biotechnological applications. We have developed an analytical workflow, Applied Biomass Conversion Design for Efficient Fungal Green Technology (ABCDEFGT), to simplify the analysis and interpretation of transcriptomic and secretomic data. ABCDEFGT utilizes self-organizing maps for grouping genes with similar transcription patterns, and an overlay with secreted proteins. The key feature of ABCDEFGT is simple graphic outputs of genome-wide transcriptomic and secretomic topographies, which enables visual inspection without a priori of the omics data and facilitates discoveries of co-regulated genes and proteins. Genome-wide omics landscapes were built with the newly sequenced fungal species Pycnoporus coccineus, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus grown on various carbon sources. Integration of the post-genomic data revealed a global overlap, confirming the pertinence of the genome-wide approach. ABCDEFGT was evaluated by comparison with the latest clustering method for ease of output interpretation, and ABCDEFGT gave a better biological representation of fungal behaviors. The genome-wide multi-omics strategy allowed us to determine the potential synergy of particular enzymes decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin such as Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases, modular enzymes associated with a cellulose binding module1, and Class II Peroxidase isoforms co-regulated with oxido-reductases. Overall, ABCDEFGT was capable of visualizing genome-wide transcriptional and secretomic profiles for intuitive interpretations and is suitable for exploration of newly-sequenced organisms.
Aspects on bond strength in sheet structures from TMP and CTMP – a review (2021)

Abstract High yield pulps (HYP), manufactured in mechanical and chemimechanical pulping processes, are mainly used in graphic papers and paper grades where a high bulk is preferable, like in paperboards. Moreover, packaging papers with very high demands on both dry and wet strength could be manufactured from HYP in a near future. Preferred bonds between fibre components (long fibres, shortened fibres and fines) in the various paper grades are quite different. In the review, plausible effects of mechanical interlocking, intermolecular interactions (“physical bonding”), hydrogen bonds, intermixing of polymers, additives and possible specific interactions in the formation of strong bonds in sheet structures from HYP are discussed. A required condition for high bond strength in sheets from HYP furnishes is that fibre components are forced into sufficiently close contact. This is to a great extent impeded if the fibre walls are too stiff. Consequently, the current review focuses on both how fibre fractions should preferably be developed for different end uses and how suitable bonds might be achieved in different paper grades. The ideal type of bonds is certainly different depending on the demands on the final paper quality.
[Prospective double-blind randomized study of the efficacy and tolerance of topical ciprofloxacin vs topical gentamicin in the treatment of simple chronic otitis media and diffuse external otitis]. (1996)

A prospective, randomized double-blind study was made of topical ciprofloxacillin (0.5%) compared with topical gentamicin (0.3%) in the treatment of simple chronic otitis media (COM) and diffuse external otitis (DEO). The study included 47 patients with COM and 54 patients with DEO. Success rates in the COM subgroup were 95% for ciprofloxacillin and 96% for gentamicin (p = 0.082), and in the DEO subgroup, 87% for ciprofloxacillin and 79% for gentamicin (p = 0.19). Both drugs were well tolerated and there was no significant change in audiometric measurements with either medication in either group. Therefore, ciprofloxacillin is at least as effective as gentamicin in such ear infections and has no potential ototoxic effect.
Thermal expansion of manganese dioxide using high-temperaturein situX-ray diffraction (2013)

High-temperature in situ X-ray diffraction is used to determine the thermal expansion behaviour of manganese dioxide in air at temperatures between 298 and 673 K, the range accessible prior to material decomposition. Two manganese dioxide samples of different origins are investigated to observe the effect of synthesis conditions and resultant material properties on the thermal response. β-MnO 2 prepared by a chemical pathway is found to expand linearly over the temperature window with thermal expansion coefficients (in units of K −1 ) of α a = 9.3 (4) × 10 −6 , α c = 7.0 (2) × 10 −6 and β = 25.6 (8) × 10 −6 . Conversely, the thermal expansion of heat-treated electrolytic manganese dioxide is disjointed about 473 K in the a direction and for the overall unit-cell volume, and about 523 K in the c direction. Coefficients are therefore given (in units of K −1 ) as α a = 23 (4) × 10 −6 (298–473 K), 10 (3) × 10 −6 (473–673 K); α c = 0.2 (9) × 10 −6 (298–523 K), 10 (1) × 10 −6 (523–673 K); and β = 49 (9) × 10 −6 (298–473 K), 26 (5) × 10 −6 (473–673 K).
Distinct p53, p53:LANA, and LANA Complexes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lymphomas (2010)

The role of p53 in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is complicated. The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) binds p53. Despite this interaction, we had found that p53 was functional in PEL, i.e., able to induce apoptosis in response to DNA damage (C. E. Petre, S. H. Sin, and D. P. Dittmer, J. Virol. 81:1912-1922, 2007), and that hdm2 was overexpressed. To further elucidate the relationship between LANA, p53, and hdm2, we purified LANA complexes from PEL by column chromatography. This confirmed that LANA bound p53. However, the LANA:p53 complexes were a minority compared to hdm2:p53 and p53:p53 complexes. The half-life of p53 was not extended, which is in contrast to the half-life of simian virus 40 T antigen-transformed cells. p53:p53, LANA:p53, and LANA:LANA complexes coexisted in PEL, and each protein was able to bind to its cognate DNA element. These data suggest that under normal conditions, p53 is inactive in PEL, thus allowing for exponential growth, but that this inactivation is driven by the relative stoichiometries of LANA, hdm2, and p53. If p53 is activated by DNA damage or nutlin-3a, the complex falls apart easily, and p53 exercises its role as guardian of the genome.
Genomic Organization of the Rat Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide Receptor Gene (1997)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) elicits its diverse biological actions by interacting with both PACAP-selective type I PACAP receptors (PACAPRs) and type II PACAPRs that do not distinguish between PACAP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Using long distance polymerase chain reaction, we amplified and characterized the entire coding region of the rat type I PACAPR (rPACAPR) gene, which spans 40 kilobases and contains 15 exons. Mapping of the exons and sequencing of all intron-exon boundaries revealed a structural organization of the rPACAPR gene that is very similar to those encoding other members of the calcitonin/secretin/parathyroid hormone receptor family. Southern blot analysis demonstrated a single copy of the rPACAPR gene. A combination of rapid amplification of cDNA ends and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed an unexpected diversity in the rPACAPR mRNA in the 5'-untranslated (5'-UTR) region. Four rPACAPR cDNAs were identified with 5'-UTR sequences that all diverged from the genomic sequence at a site 76 bp upstream of the ATG start codon, where a consensus 3' slice acceptor sequence was located. Sequence analysis of these amplified transcripts demonstrated that they arise by tissue-specific differential usage of four exons in the 5' noncoding region of the rPACAPR gene. This study is the first to elucidate the structural organization of a PACAPR gene and to demonstrate that alternative splicing generates rPACAPR transcripts with unique 5'-UTRs.
Rate equation description of distributed-feedback laser dynamics (1998)

A simple optical rate equation for a distributed feedback laser is derived following an analytical procedure that is based on transforming a known integral equation into an equivalent differential equation. Using this equation to model fluctuations in the phase and photon number, when supplemented with a rate equation for the carrier number expressions for the relaxation oscillation characteristics and linewidth are derived. We find that in a simple distributed feedback structure the relation for the relaxation oscillation frequency is identical to that of the Fabry-Perot laser. An effective linewidth-broadening factor is predicted showing strong dependence on longitudinal hole- burning. Power re-broadening of the linewidth and a nearly vanishing power-independent component are predicted. Finally, rate equations for injection-locking are derived, and a symmetric dynamically stable locking band predicted.
Effects of Jet Impingement on Convective Heat Transfer in Effusion Holes (2020)

Abstract A common design for cooling the combustor liner of gas turbines is a double-wall composed of impingement jets that feed effusion cooling holes. An important cooling mechanism associated with the effusion hole is the convective cooling provided to the liner wall, which is in contact with the hot main gas flowing through the combustor. While the combination of impingement jets and effusion holes have been studied before, mostly in terms of cooling effectiveness, investigators have not fully evaluated the effect the impingement jet has on the local internal convection within the effusion hole. This study evaluates the detailed effects of the impingement geometry on the local convective heat transfer coefficients within the effusion hole, which provides insights as to the design decisions for cooling combustor liners. Using a scaled-up, 3D-printed effusion hole with a constant heat flux boundary condition, local convective heat transfer coefficients were measured for a range of impingement geometries and positions relative to the effusion holes. Results showed a strong influence on the convective heat transfer resulting from the placement of the impingement hole relative to the effusion hole. In particular, the results showed a strong sensitivity to circumferential and radial placement of the impingement jet with little sensitivity to the jet-to-effusion distance.
Silicon Carbide Reduces Bore Wear (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The evolution, development, application and future of a new surface treatment for piston rings and cylinder liners. The treatment has evolved over the last 20 years. It consists of the impregnation of the wearing surfaces with pure silicon carbide. The research background demonstrates that the material is bonded intimately. The process can be applied to liners and rings in a variety of basic materials. The application is to any mechanism where the physics of rubbing surfaces cause wear problems. The process is protected by patents in the main automobile producing countries in the world.&lt;/div&gt;
Efficient Calculation of Statistical Moments for Structural Health Monitoring (2009)

Wireless networks of smart sensors with computations distributed over multiple sensor packages have shown considerable promise in providing low-cost structural health monitoring. In these networks, microprocessors are typically embedded in individual smart sensor packages. The efficiency of embedded computational algorithms is of critical importance because the size, cost, and power requirements of the sensor arrays are central concerns. Here, very efficient methodologies are presented to compute statistical moments of a measured response time-history. These moments: the mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis are often used to characterize a measured irregular response. Two alternative approaches are presented, each of which can save substantial computer memory requirements and CPU time in certain applications. The first approach reconsiders the computational benefits of computing statistical moments by separating the data into bins and then computing the moments from the geometry of the resulting histogram, which effectively becomes a one-pass algorithm for higher moments. One benefit is that the statistical moment calculations can be carried out to arbitrary accuracy such that the computations can be tuned to the precision of the sensor hardware. The second approach is a new analytical methodology to combine statistical moments from individual segments of a time-history such that the resulting overall moments are those of the complete time-history. This methodology could be used to allow for parallel computation of statistical moments with subsequent combination of those moments, or for combination of statistical moments computed at sequential times. A worked example is presented comparing two implementations of the new methodologies with conventional calculations in monitoring the global performance of an offshore tension leg platform. Accuracy, efficiency, and storage requirements of the calculation methods are compared with those of conventional methods. The results show that substantial CPU and memory savings can be attained with no loss in accuracy and that more dramatic savings can be attained if a slight reduction in accuracy is acceptable.
Brain serotonin deficiency leads to social communication deficits in mice (2015)

A deficit in brain serotonin is thought to be associated with deteriorated stress coping behaviour, affective disorders and exaggerated violence. We challenged this hypothesis in mice with a brain-specific serotonin depletion caused by a tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) deficiency. We tested TPH2-deficient (Tph2(-/-)) animals in two social situations. As juveniles, Tph2(-/-) mice displayed reduced social contacts, whereas ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were unchanged within same-sex same-genotype pairings. Interestingly, juvenile females vocalized more than males across genotypes. Sexually naive adult males were exposed to fresh male or female urine, followed by an interaction with a conspecific, and re-exposed to urine. Although Tph2(-/-) mice showed normal sexual preference, they were hyper-aggressive towards their interaction partners and did not vocalize in response to sexual cues. These results highlight that central serotonin is essential for prosocial behaviour, especially USV production in adulthood, but not for sexual preference.