gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an ELISA method for detecting immune complexes between tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin G (2007)

A convenient method for measuring immune complexes between tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (i.e., TNSALP-IgG) would be highly useful for routine analyses. Here, we identified a surface-active agent that would dissolve membrane but not dissociate TNSALP-IgG complexes. Next, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detecting TNSALP-IgG complexes with two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs): 3-29-3R was coated on assay plates and captured TNSALP-IgG from a specimen; an horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-human IgG1 then reacted with captured TNSALP-IgG to form an "immunocomplex sandwich." The immunocomplex was detected via the absorbance of an HRP substrate, resulting in a semiquantitative assay. The mean absorbance of 0.195 (n=5) measured in sera from healthy donors was designated as an arbitrary unit (AU/mL) of TNSALP-IgG concentration. The ELISA values of patient sera known to contain TNSALP-IgG complexes were greater than those of normal sera (normal, 1.86 plusmn; 0.61; patient, 9.30 plusmn; 5.44), and these data were confirmed by electrophoresis. Thus, the ELISA could detect TNSALP-IgG complexes. The intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) was within 7.4% and analytical recovery was excellent. There was no significant interference from hemolytic, lipemic, or icteric serum. In summary, an ELISA using 3-29-3R MoAb and HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG1 constitutes a reliable and convenient method for the semiquantitative detection of TNSALP-IgG complexes in human serum.
Wideband Dipole Array Loaded Substrate Integrated H-Plane Horn Antenna for Millimeter Waves (2017)

A novel dipole array loaded substrate integrated H-plane sectoral horn antenna with a simple three-layered geometry is proposed. The dipole array integrated into two extra dielectric strips is connected to the top and bottom edges of the horn aperture. Both the horn aperture and the dipole array are effectively radiated together. A wide impedance bandwidth of 44% for |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <; -10 dB that can cover the entire Ka-band is verified by a fabricated prototype. Additionally, stable symmetrical radiation pattern with low cross polarizations, low backward radiation, and gain up to 12 dBi with a variation of 3 dB can also be obtained throughout the whole operating band. The proposed antenna provides a new mean to design wideband substrate integrated horns with excellent endfire radiation, which would be attractive for future wideband and multiband millimeter-wave wireless applications, including the fifth generation (5G) mobile communications and the WiGig system.
Control of Integrated Powertrain With Electronic Throttle and Automatic Transmission (2007)

A process to design the control strategy for a vehicle with electronic throttle control (ETC) and automatic transmission is proposed in this paper. The driver's accelerator pedal position is interpreted as a power request, which is to be satisfied by coordinating the transmission gear shift and the throttle opening in an optimal fashion. The dynamic programming (DP) technique is used to obtain the optimal gear shift and throttle opening which maximizes fuel economy while satisfying the power demand. The optimal results at different power levels are then combined to form a gear map and a throttle map which governs the operation of the integrated powertrain. A control architecture concept is presented where the relationship between the accelerator pedal position and the power demand level can be adjusted according to the preference of the vehicle performance target. Simulation, vehicle test, and dynamometer test results show that the proposed integrated powertrain control scheme produces power consistently and improves fuel efficiency compared with conventional powertrain control schemes
Use of Multiangle Satellite Observations To Retrieve Aerosol Properties and Ocean Color (2004)

A new technique is described for retrieving aerosol over ocean water and the associated ocean color using multiangle satellite observations. Unlike current satellite aerosol retrieval algorithms which only utilize observations at red wavelengths and longer, with the assumption that these wavelengths have a negligible ocean (water-leaving radiance), this new algorithm uses all available spectral bands and simultaneously retrieves both aerosol properties and the spectral ocean color. We show some results of case studies using MISR data, performed over different water conditions (coastal water, blooms, and open water).
A novel synthesis of quinazolinequinone and carbazolequinone through anionic cycloaddition: its application to a synthesis of murrayaquinone A. (1994)

A novel synthesis of the quinazolinequinone (5) and the carbazolequinone (9) is described. Anionic cycloaddition of the heterocyclic esters (1 and 6) with phenyl β-trimethylsilylvinyl sulfone (2c) afforded the cycloadducts (3 and 7), which were converted to the quinones (5 and 9) via the phenols (4 and 8). This method was applied to a covenient synthesis of murrayaquinone A (10).
Structural studies on the biosides of Digitalis lanata: bisdigitoxosides of digitoxigenin, gitoxigenin and digoxigenin (1989)

The crystal structures and conformations of bisdigitoxosides of digitoxigenin (I), gitoxigenin (II) and digoxigenin (III and IV) have been determined using single-crystal X-ray crystallographic techniques. Crystals of (I), (II) and (IV) were grown from ethyl acetate solutions of the glycosides while (III) was grown from a solution of the digitoxoside in ethanol. As in other cardiac glycosides the ring junctions A-B and C-D are cis. The D ring in these structures shows different conformations while the A, B and C rings remain conformationally similar. Although digitoxigenin bisdigitoxoside and gitoxigenin bisdigitoxoside differ from each other in the absence and presence of a hydroxyl group at C(16) of the D ring, these two biosides crystallize in the space group P2(1)2(1)2 [corrected] and are isomorphous. The presence of the hydroxyl group at C(16) does not affect the orientation of the lactone ring and the conformation of the molecule. Digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside crystallizes in two different crystal systems with four molecules of water in the orthorhombic form and one molecule of ethyl acetate in the triclinic form. In both forms the hydroxyl at C(3') of the first sugar forms a hydrogen bond with the ring oxygen of the second sugar. This has also been observed in the trioside digoxin. The torsion angle C(13)-C(17)-C(20)-C(22) in the two forms differs by 7 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
General method for adjusting the quality factor of EPR resonators (1995)

Instrumentation for remote control of the unloaded quality factor, Q0, of a loop-gap resonator is described. The value of Q0 can be lowered by weak inductive coupling of the resonator to a loop of wire that contains a carbon resistor. Replacement of the resistor by a PIN diode permits remote control. Theoretical analysis and experiments are carried out in a context of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at X band. Equivalent circuits are solved numerically and predicted performance confirmed experimentally. Two applications are demonstrated: (a) superfine control of critical coupling of the incoming transmission line to the resonator in excess of −80 dB, and (b) dynamic Q spoiling for reduction of the dead time after a microwave pulse. Possible degradation of EPR system performance by shot noise from the PIN diode is considered. Scant literature suggests that it is very low, and noise from this source could not be detected experimentally.
Myocardial Enhancement Following Agitated Saline Contrast Study in a Boxer Dog (2023)

•Myocardial enhancement after agitated saline contrast study in a dog is described.•Suspect air microemboli can inadvertently be introduced into coronary vasculature.•Air microemboli are a theoretic risk of saline contrast echocardiography.
Metabolic Inhibition of Sialyl-Lewis X Biosynthesis by 5-Thiofucose Remodels the Cell Surface and Impairs Selectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion (2012)

Sialyl-Lewis X (sLe(X)) is a tetrasaccharide that serves as a ligand for the set of cell adhesion proteins known as selectins. This interaction enables adhesion of leukocytes and cancer cells to endothelial cells within capillaries, resulting in their extravasation into tissues. The last step in sLe(X) biosynthesis is the α1,3-fucosyltrasferase (FUT)-catalyzed transfer of an L-fucose residue to carbohydrate acceptors. Impairing FUT activity compromises leukocyte homing to sites of inflammation and renders cancer cells less malignant. Inhibition of FUTs is, consequently, of great interest, but efforts to generate glycosyltransferase inhibitors, including FUT inhibitors, has proven challenging. Here we describe a metabolic engineering strategy to inhibit the biosynthesis of sLe(X) in cancer cells using peracetylated 5-thio-L-fucose (5T-Fuc). We show that 5T-Fuc is taken up by cancer cells and then converted into a sugar nucleotide analog, GDP-5T-Fuc, that blocks FUT activity and limits sLe(X) presentation on HepG2 cells with an EC(50) in the low micromolar range. GDP-5T-Fuc itself does not get transferred by either FUT3 or FUT7 at a measurable rate. We further demonstrate that treatment of cells with 5T-Fuc impaired their adhesive properties to immobilized adhesion molecules and human endothelial cells. 5T-Fuc, therefore, is a useful probe that can be used to modulate sLe(X) levels in cells to evaluate the consequences of inhibiting FUT-mediated sLe(X) formation. These data also reveal the utility of using sugar analogues that lead to formation of donor substrate analogues within cells as a general approach to blocking glycosyltransferases in cells.
Impact of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of Churg-Strauss syndrome: a cross-sectional study in 20 patients. (2010)

CMRI with DE enabled the detection of myocardial involvement in CSS patients with or without clinical symptoms. The clinical relevance of CMRI abnormalities in patients without clinical, echocardiographic and ECG signs of cardiac involvement remains unknown and needs to be evaluated in future studies. It seems premature to intensify treatment or to prescribe systematically steroids and cytotoxic agents based on the presence of isolated CMRI anomalies.
Virtual actors living in a real world (2002)

This paper presents techniques and tools for creating and animating virtual actors in real scenes. Several problems are explained: real objects hidden by virtual actors and virtual actors hidden by real objects, collision detection between the virtual actor and the real environment correspondence between the real and the virtual cameras, casting shadows of the virtual actors on the real world. Case studies are presented like the virtual actress Marilyn walking with real people on a real street or sitting down on a real chair.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent RET activation can be mediated by two different cell-surface accessory proteins (1997)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-dependent activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor RET is necessary for kidney and enteric neuron development, and mutations in RET are associated with human diseases. Activation of RET by GDNF has been shown to require an accessory component, GDNFR-alpha (RETL1). We report the isolation and characterization of rat and human cDNAs for a novel cell-surface associated accessory protein, RETL2, that shares 49% identity with RETL1. Both RETL1 and RETL2 can mediate GDNF dependent phosphorylation of RET, but they exhibit different patterns of expression in fetal and adult tissues. The most striking differences in expression observed were in the adult central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, the mechanisms by which the two accessory proteins facilitate the activation of RET by GDNF are quite distinct. In vitro binding experiments with soluble forms of RET, RETL1 and RETL2 demonstrate that while RETL1 binds GDNF tightly to form a membrane-associated complex which can then interact with RET, RETL2 only forms a high affinity complex with GDNF in the presence of RET. This strong RET dependence of the binding of RETL2 to GDNF was confirmed by FACS analysis on RETL1 and RETL2 expressing cells. Together with the recent discovery of a GDNF related protein, neurturin, these data raise the possibility that RETL1 and RETL2 have distinctive roles during development and in the nervous system of the adult. RETL1 and RETL2 represent new candidate susceptibility genes and/or modifier loci for RET-associated diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr(Mg3Ge)N4 and Sr(Mg2Ga2)N4: New Isostructural Mg‐Containing Quaternary Nitrides with Nitridometallate Anions of ∞3[(Mg3Ge)N4]2‐ and ∞3 [(Mg2Ga2)N4]2‐ in a 3D‐Network Structure. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The current-feedback OTA (2002)

The current-feedback OTA (CFB OTA) recently appeared in a new classification of operational amplifiers. It is dual to the operational floating amplifier (OFA), so all OFA circuits can readily be transposed into CFB OTA circuits. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the CFB OTA, shows its relation to the OFA, and compares their performance in a simple V-I converter by showing how both can be built with the same two transistor stages. The advantages and disadvantages of the CFB-OTA implementation are discussed as well, but the main advantage of introducing the CFB OTA is that its introduction is virtually for free: most current opamps from the literature can be concerted into CFB OTAs by re-wiring their input stage, without adding or re-sizing a single transistor.
HEPATOSELLÜLER KARSİNOM HÜCRELERİNDE KARMOFURUN SİTOTOKSİK VE APOPTOTİK ETKİLERİ (2017)

ÖZ Bedende istenmeyen ve potansiyel olarak tehkike arzeden hücrelerin ölümünü sağlayan apoptotik hücre ölümü genetik olarak kontrol edilir ve bu yolla bedendeki hücrelerin sayısı kontrol altında tutulur. Apoptoz ölüm yolağındaki yetersizlik otoimmun sistem hastalıklarından kansere kadar birçok hastalığa yol açabilir. Her türlü tedavi şekline rağmen hepatosellüler kanserler, karaciğer kanserlerine bağlı ölümlerin başında gelmektedir. Kanser tedavisindeki temel amaç kanserli hücrelerin çoğalmasını önlemek ve bu hücrelerin apoptozlarını uyarmaktır. Son zamanlarda kanserin önlenebilmesi yönünde yapılan birçok çalışmada kanser oluşumu ile sfingolipidler arasındaki ilişkinin önemi ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmamızda, 5-flourasil türevi ve bir seramidaz enzim baskılayıcısı olan karmofurun kanserli insan karaciğer hücre hattındaki (HepG2) hücrelerinin yaşam oranların ve apoptoz uyarım üzerine etkilerini araştırdık. Karmofurun hücre yaşam oranlarına etkisi MTT yöntemiyle, apoptoz uyarım etkisi flow sitometri yöntemiyle, hücrelerdeki morfolojik değişiklikler ise konfokal mikroskobuyla incelendi. Karmofurun çeşitli konsantrasyonlarının (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 ve 60 μM) 24 saat uygulanması sonucunda kontrol grubuna göre (% 100) hücrelerdeki yaşam oranları sırasıyla % 100, 77, 65, 64, 46, 38, 34, 30, 26, 20, 14 ve 9 olarak tespit edildi. Karmofurun 24 μM (IC50) dozunun 24 saat uygulanması sonucunda bu hücre populasyonundaki apoptotik hücrelerin yüzdesinin kontrol grubuna göre arttığı belirlendi. Kontrol grubu (yaklaşık % 1) ile karşılaştırıldığında karmofurun 24 saat uygulanması sonucunda kanserli karaciğer hücrelerinde flow sitometrik olarak ölçülen toplam ölüm oranı % 28 dir. Hücrelerdeki bu apoptotik değişimler konfokal mikroskobuyla kromatin yoğunlaşması, hücrelerin büzüşmesi, hücre iskeletinin bozulması ve DNA’nın parçalanması, hücre zarlarının şekil değişikliği şeklinde tespit edildi. Bu çalışma sonucunda karmofurun HepG2 hücrelerinin çoğalmasını baskıladığı ve apoptozunu uyardığı gösterildi.
Load Shedding Techniques for Data Stream Systems (2003)

Many data stream sources (communication network traffic, HTTP requests, etc.) are prone to dramatic spikes in volume. Because peak load during a spike can be orders of magnitude higher than typical loads, fully provisioning a data stream monitoring system to handle the peak load is generally impractical. Therefore, it is important for systems processing continuous monitoring queries over data streams to be able to adapt to unanticipated spikes in input data rates that exceed the capacity of the system. An overloaded system will be unable to process all of its input data and keep up with the rate of data arrival, so load shedding, i.e., discarding some fraction of the unprocessed data, becomes necessary in order for the system to continue to provide up-to-date query responses. While some heuristics for load shedding have been proposed earlier ([C02, M03]), a systematic approach to load shedding with the objective of maximizing query accuracy has been lacking. The main contributions of our work are:
Addressing the ideal requirements by free flap phalloplasty: Some reflections on refinements of technique (1993)

Ideally, in phalloplasty one should aim at 1) a one-stage procedure that can be predictably reproduced, 2) creation of a competent neo-urethra to allow for voiding while standing, 3) return of both tactile and erogenous sensibility, 4) enough bulk to tolerate the insertion of a prosthetic stiffener, and 5) a result that is aesthetically acceptable to the patient. We consider 6) minimal scarring or disfigurement, and 7) no functional loss in the donor area further requirements for any ideal procedure. Thanks to ongoing refinements, microsurgical free flap phalloplasty techniques lead to the best results, both functionally and cosmetically. These refinements are presented and discussed, as are our experiences applying them.
Antigenic characterization of influenza A virus matrix protein with monoclonal antibodies (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies were used to study antigenic variation in three distinct epitopes on the matrix protein of influenza A viruses. We found that two of these epitopes underwent antigenic variation, but in a very limited number of virus strains. A third epitope appeared to be an invariant type-specific determinant for influenza A viruses. Competitive antibody binding assays and Western blot analysis of proteolytically digested matrix protein indicated that at least two of the three epitopes are located in nonoverlapping domains on the matrix protein molecule.
Rational Design of Advanced Thermoelectric Materials (2013)

Abstract Advanced thermoelectric technologies can drastically improve energy efficiencies of industrial infrastructures, solar cells, automobiles, aircrafts, etc. When a thermoelectric device is used as a solid‐state heat pump and/or as a power generator, its efficiency depends pivotally on three fundamental transport properties of materials, namely, the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and thermopower. The development of advanced thermoelectric materials is very challenging because these transport properties are interrelated. This paper reviews the physical mechanisms that have led to recent material advances. Progresses in both inorganic and organic materials are summarized. While the majority of the contemporary effort has been focused on lowering the lattice thermal conductivity, the latest development in nanocomposites suggests that properly engineered interfaces are crucial for realizing the energy filtering effect and improving the power factor. We expect that the nanocomposite approach could be the focus of future materials breakthroughs.
Overhead-efficient algorithms for acquisition, channel estimation and tracking in mimo-ofdm systems (2004)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become a leading modulation technique for wideband wireless communications. The logical next step in the evolution of the technology is to boost its bandwidth efficiency by extending it to operate over Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless links. The result—MIMO-OFDM—promises a quantum leap in the achievable throughput over wireless media. 
The path toward commercially attractive packet-switched MIMO-OFDM systems, however, is not devoid of technical obstacles. For instance, extending conventional techniques of initial channel estimation to MIMO-OFDM is costly in terms of training overhead and spoils much of the throughput gain. Similarly, the increased MIMO receiver complexity results in large processing latencies in hardware implementations, which compromises the bandwidth and stability of conventional tracking algorithms. These kinds of problems motivate the development of entirely new acquisition and tracking techniques, and constitute the main fields of contribution of this dissertation. 
The work presented herein proposes a complete set of new algorithms for channel estimation, acquisition and tracking in MIMO-OFDM. The algorithms result from theoretical derivations of optimal parameter estimators in each case. The results provide valuable insight into how transmission overhead shall be allocated and used with maximum efficiency. 
For acquisition, the proposed method uses a carefully designed multi-transmitter preamble sequence that allows for joint channel estimation, frequency offset acquisition, and symbol timing estimation at the MIMO-OFDM receiver. The acquisition sequence length is controlled by two competing parameters, which allow for an explicit and fine trade-off between the preamble overhead and the quality of the resulting channel estimates. Compared to the acquisition sequence used in the IEEE 802.11a standard, the proposed technique requires about 8 times shorter training sequences in order to attain acquisition results of similar quality. 
The proposed methods for tracking carrier and sampling clock frequency offset are based on maximum likelihood estimation theory applied to observations of received pilot subcarriers at the output of the FFTs of the receiver. Simulation results show that larger MIMO configurations benefit from lower estimator variances, providing increased tracking accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratios, or allowing for a reduction of the number of pilot subcarriers compared to conventional OFDM systems.
Improvement of grounding system of DC traction substation in railway power supply system (2012)

In this paper, the outline of countermeasures to enhance lightning-proof characteristics of traction power supply system in Tokyo metropolitan area which have been invested since 2009 is shown. Especially, the investment to improve grounding conductor in DC traction substations is advanced achievement which improve grounding system characteristics against surge voltage and current and explained in detail. The effects of the improvement constructions are also shown.