gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Epoprostenol Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension: Improves Oxygenation Index More Consistently in Neonates than in Older Children (2012)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of inhaled epoprostenol for treatment of acute pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pediatric patients and to formulate a plan for a prospective, randomized study of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in this population. Inhaled epoprostenol is an effective treatment for pediatric PH. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all pediatric patients who received inhaled epoprostenol at a tertiary care hospital between October 2005 and August 2007. The study population was restricted to all patients under 18 years of age who received inhaled epoprostenol for greater than 1 hour and had available data for oxygenation index (OI) calculation. Arterial blood gas values and ventilator settings were collected immediately prior to epoprostenol initiation, and during epoprostenol therapy (as close to 12 hours after initiation as possible). Echocardiograms were reviewed during two time frames: Within 48 hours prior to therapy initiation and within 96 hours after initiation. Of the 20 patients in the study population, 13 were neonates, and the mean OI for these patients improved during epoprostenol administration (mean OI before and during therapy was 25.6±16.3 and 14.5±13.6, respectively, P=0.02). Mean OI for the seven patients greater than 30 days of age was not significantly different during treatment (mean OI before and during therapy was 29.6±15.0 and 25.6±17.8, P=0.56). Improvement in echocardiographic findings (evidence of decreased right-sided pressures or improved right ventricular function) was demonstrated in 20% of all patients. Inhaled epoprostenol is an effective therapy for the treatment of selected pediatric patients with acute PH. Neonates may benefit more consistently from this therapy than older infants and children. A randomized controlled trial is needed to discern the optimal role for inhaled prostanoids in the treatment of acute PH in childhood.
Quasi-TEM H-plane horns with wideband open hard sidewalls (2010)

Quasi-TEM H-plane horn is usually designed with hard sidewalls to achieve uniform field distribution, but the hard walls limits its bandwidth. Here, open side walls based on the ridge gap waveguide are used to generate the hard walls. The concept is demonstrated numerically by an initial study on an H-plane sector horn. The horn achieves wider bandwidth than dielectric-loaded hard sector horns and has higher gain than normal smooth metal wall sector horns of the same aperture size and length.
GPU acceleration of the FESOM-2 ocean and sea-ice model (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;FESOM-2 is a finite volume ocean circulation and sea ice model developed by the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). It solves the primitive equations using the hydrostatic and Bousinessq approximations on an unstructured grid, allowing seamless mesh resolution increase towards eddy-resolving scales in regions of high variability or along coast lines. FESOM-2 is a highly optimized MPI-parallel Fortran code that displays excellent scaling to tens of thousands of cores. In the context of ESiWACE-2 services, we have explored the benefits of GPU acceleration of FESOM-2 in a six-month engineering effort. We have determined the flux-corrected tracer transport, and in particular the advection of temperature and salinity, to be a dominant factor in the application profile and we have ported this routine to GPUs using both OpenACC and CUDA-C. We conclude that the memory access patterns in FESOM-2 are suitable to map onto GPU accelerators and that both strategies are viable options, giving significant speedups for tracer advection in high-resolution mesh configurations. We have benchmarked the ported application on Nvidia Kepler, Volta and Ampere architectures and observe that our tuned kernels can approach the peak memory bandwidth, and we also see that OpenACC offers a competitive performance with less development and maintenance effort. We conclude that an expansion of the OpenACC directives is the most promising road to utilize upcoming GPU-equipped exascale machines for FESOM-2.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Selecting Reliable mRNA Expression Measurements across Platforms Improves Downstream Analysis (2016)

With increasing use of publicly available gene expression data sets, the quality of the expression data is a critical issue for downstream analysis, gene signature development, and cross-validation of data sets. Thus, identifying reliable expression measurements by leveraging multiple mRNA expression platforms is an important analytical task. In this study, we propose a statistical framework for selecting reliable measurements between platforms by modeling the correlations of mRNA expression levels using a beta-mixture model. The model-based selection provides an effective and objective way to separate good probes from probes with low quality, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the analysis. The proposed method can be used to compare two microarray technologies or microarray and RNA sequencing measurements. We tested the approach in two matched profiling data sets, using microarray gene expression measurements from the same samples profiled on both Affymetrix and Illumina platforms. We also applied the algorithm to mRNA expression data to compare Affymetrix microarray data with RNA sequencing measurements. The algorithm successfully identified probes/genes with reliable measurements. Removing the unreliable measurements resulted in significant improvements for gene signature development and functional annotations.
Forecast of Major Solar X-Ray Flare Flux Profiles Using Novel Deep Learning Models (2020)

Abstract In this Letter, we present the application of a couple of novel deep learning models to the forecast of major solar X-ray flare flux profiles. These models are based on a sequence-to-sequence framework using long short-term memory cell and an attention mechanism. For this, we use Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 10 X-ray flux data from 1998 August to 2006 April. Seven hundred sixty events are used for training and 85 for testing. The models forecast 30 minutes of X-ray flux profiles during the rise phase of the solar flare with a minute time cadence. We evaluate the models using the 10-fold cross-validation and rms error (RMSE) based on flux profiles and RMSE based on its peak flux. For comparison we consider two simple deep learning models and four conventional regression models. Major results of this study are as follows. First, we successfully apply our deep learning models to the forecast of solar flare X-ray flux profiles, without any preprocessing to extract features from data. Second, our proposed models outperform the other models. Third, our models achieve better performance for forecasting X-ray flux profiles with low-peak fluxes than those with high-peak fluxes. Fourth, our models successfully predict flare duration with high correlations for both all cases and cases at peak times. Our study indicates that our deep learning models can be useful for forecasting time-series data in astronomy and space weather, even for impulsive events such as major flares.
Suppressive effect of TRH and antidepressants on human interferon-γ productionin vitro (2002)

Although a significant decrease in IFN-γ production was observed after joint application of TRH and antidepressants, our data did not support the above-mentioned hypothesis. Indeed, we did not observe synergistic inhibitory effects of these agents on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
Spectroscopic Measurement Techniques for Aerospace Flows (2014)

The conditions that characterize aerospace flows are so varied, that a single diagnostic technique is not sufficient for its measurement. Fluid dynamists use knowledge of similarity to help categorize and focus on different flow conditions. For example, the Reynolds number represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in a flow. When the velocity scales, length scales, and gas density are large and the magnitude of the molecular viscosity is low, the Reynolds number becomes large. This corresponds to large scale vehicles (e.g Airbus A380), fast moving objects (e.g. artillery projectiles), vehicles in dense fluids (e.g. submarine in water), or flows with low dynamic viscosity (e.g. skydiver in air). In each of these cases, the inertial forces dominate viscous forces, and unsteady turbulent fluctuations in the flow variables are observed. In contrast, flows with small length scales (e.g. dispersion of micro-particles in a solid rocket nozzle), slow moving objects (e.g. micro aerial vehicles), flows with low density gases (e.g. atmospheric re-entry), or fluids with a large magnitude of viscosity (e.g. engine coolant flow), all have low Reynolds numbers. In these cases, viscous forces become very important and often the flows can be steady and laminar. The Mach number, which is the ratio of the velocity to the speed of sound in the medium, also helps to differentiate types of flows. At very low Mach numbers, acoustic waves travel much faster than the object, and the flow can be assumed to be incompressible (e.g. Cessna 172 aircraft). As the object speed approaches the speed of sound, the gas density can become variable (e.g. flow over wing of Learjet 85). When the object speed is higher than the speed of sound (Ma > 1), the presences of shock waves and other gas dynamic features can become important to the vehicle performance (e.g. SR-71 Blackbird). In the hypersonic flow regime (Ma > 5), large changes in temperature begin to affect flow properties, causing real-gas effects to occur (e.g. X-43 Scramjet). At even higher Mach numbers, chemistry and nonequilibrium effects come into play (e.g. Startdust re-entry capsule), further complicating the measurement. These limits can be predicted by calculating the ratio of chemical and thermal relaxation time to the flow time scales. Other non-dimensional numbers can be used to further differentiate types of aerospace flows.
Alopecia areata and auto-immunity (1981)

The prevalence of auto-antibodies against thyroid constituents, gastric parietal cells, smooth muscle cells, mitochondria, reticulin, nuclear constituents and rheumatoid factor in 108 patients with alopecia areata was compared with that found in a previous survey of the local population. Female patients had a significantly increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies which were present in 30% overall and in 44% of the youngest age group (11-17 years). Smooth muscle antibodies were more frequent in female patients but the increase was not significant. Male patients had a significant increased prevalence of thyroid and gastric parietal cell antibodies (11.4% each). In females, antithyroid antibodies were associated with extensive hair loss: they were found in 42% of female patients with total alopecia and only 20% of males with total hair loss. A family history of alopecia areata was obtained from 24% of patients; 10% had relatives with thyroid disease and 10% had diabetic relatives. These findings confirm the association between alopecia areata and the other auto-immune diseases.
Evaluation of cervical stiffness during pregnancy using semiquantitative ultrasound elastography (2012)

Semiquantitative elastography can be employed to evaluate changes in cervical stiffness during pregnancy.
Ab initio Study of [Mg,nH2O]‐ Reactive Decay Products: Structure and Stability of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Water Cluster Anions [MgO,(n—1)H2O]‐, [HMgOH,(n—1)H2O]‐ and [Mg(OH)2,(n—2)H2O]‐ (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nonbleaching Fluorescence of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Cancer Cell Imaging (2008)

In this paper, we investigated the fluorescent properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with several tens of nanometers by ensemble fluorescence spectrometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and fluorescence microscopy. We observed that GNPs synthesized by the citrate reduction of chloroauric acid possessed certain fluorescence, narrow full width at half-maximum (17 nm), and with an increase of particle sizes, the emission intensity showed a gradual increase while the emission wavelength remained almost constant (at 610 nm). Especially, the fluorescence of GNPs possessed the excellent behavior of antiphotobleaching under strong light illumination. Despite their low quantum yields, GNPs exhibited strong native fluorescence under relatively high excitation power. The fluorescence of GNPs could be characterized by fluorescence imaging and FCS at the single particle level. On the basis of this excellent antiphotobleaching of GNPs and easy photobleaching of cellular autofluorescence, we developed a new method for imaging of cells using GNPs as fluorescent probes. The principle of this method is that after cells stained with GNPs or GNPs bioconjugates are illuminated by strong light, the cellular autofluorescence are photobleached and the fluorescence of GNPs on cell membrane or inside cells can be collected for cell imaging. On the basis of this principle, we imaged living HeLa cells using GNPs as fluorescent probes and obtained good cell images by photobleaching of cellular autofluorescence. Furthermore, anti-EGFR/GNPs were successfully used as targeted probes for fluorescence imaging of cancer cells. Our preliminary results demonstrated that GNPs possessed excellent behaviors of antiphotobleaching and were good fluorescent probes in cell imaging. Our cellular imaging method described has potential applications in cancer diagnostics, studies, and immunoassays.
S-phase–specific radiosensitization by gemcitabine for therapeutic carbon ion exposurein vitro (2016)

Densely ionizing charged particle irradiation offers physical as well as biological advantages compared with photon irradiation. Radiobiological data for the combination of such particle irradiation (i.e. therapeutic carbon ions) with commonly used chemotherapeutics are still limited. Recent in vitro results indicate a general prevalence of additive cytotoxic effects in combined treatments, but an extension of established multimodal treatment regimens with photons to the inclusion of particle therapy needs to evaluate possible peculiarities of using high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. The present study investigates the effect of combined radiochemotherapy using gemcitabine and high-LET irradiation with therapeutic carbon ions. In particular, the earlier observation of S-phase specific radiosensitization with photon irradiation should be evaluated with carbon ions. In the absence of the drug gemcitabine, carbon ion irradiation produced the typical survival behavior seen with X-rays-increased relative biological efficiency, and depletion of the survival curve's shoulder. By means of serum deprivation and subsequent replenishment, ∼70% S-phase content of the cell population was achieved, and such preparations showed radioresistance in both treatment arms-,photon and carbon ion irradiation. Combined modality treatment with gemcitabine caused significant reduction of clonogenic survival especially for the S-phase cells. WIDR cells exhibited S-phase-specific radioresistance with high-LET irradiation, although this was less pronounced than for X-ray exposure. The combined treatment with therapeutic carbon ions and gemcitabine caused the resistance phenomenon to disappear phenotypically.
Mast Cell–deficient KitW-sh “Sash” Mutant Mice Display Aberrant Myelopoiesis Leading to the Accumulation of Splenocytes That Act as Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2013)

Mast cell-deficient Kit(W-sh) "sash" mice are widely used to investigate mast cell functions. However, mutations of c-Kit also affect additional cells of hematopoietic and nonimmune origin. In this study, we demonstrate that Kit(W-sh) causes aberrant extramedullary myelopoiesis characterized by the expansion of immature lineage-negative cells, common myeloid progenitors, and granulocyte/macrophage progenitors in the spleen. A consistent feature shared by these cell types is the reduced expression of c-Kit. Populations expressing intermediate and high levels of Ly6G, a component of the myeloid differentiation Ag Gr-1, are also highly expanded in the spleen of sash mice. These cells are able to suppress T cell responses in vitro and phenotypically and functionally resemble myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). MDSC typically accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts and are able to dampen immune responses. Consequently, transfer of MDSC from naive sash mice into line 1 alveolar cell carcinoma tumor-bearing wild-type littermates leads to enhanced tumor progression. However, although it can also be observed in sash mice, accelerated growth of transplanted line 1 alveolar cell carcinoma tumors is a mast cell-independent phenomenon. Thus, the Kit(W-sh) mutation broadly affects key steps in myelopoiesis that may have an impact on mast cell research.
Second primary neoplasms in 633,964 cancer patients in Sweden, 1958-1996 (2001)

The Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyze concordant (same site) and discordant (different site) second primary neoplasms in 633,964 cancer patients diagnosed from 1958 to 1996. Cases of second malignant neoplasms were extracted from the Database if the diagnosis date of the first and second cancer differed by at least 1 month. The expected numbers of cancers were obtained by applying site-, sex-, age-, period-, residence- and socioeconomic level-specific rates in the corresponding population in the Database to the appropriate person-years at risk. The standardized incidence ratio (SIRs) of a second cancer was taken to be the ratio of observed to expected numbers of second cancers. Of all cancers, 8.5% were subsequent neoplasms (8.4% for males and 8.7% for females). SIRs for both concordant and discordant subsequent cancer were elevated in patients with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, colon, nose, breast, other female genitals, testis, kidney, urinary, bladder, skin, nervous system, endocrine, bone, connective tissue, melanoma, lymphoma and leukemia. The risks at some concordant sites, such as nose, squamous cell skin, bone and connective tissue in both sexes, breast in males and upper aerodigestive tract and leukemia in females, were very high (>10). At discordant sites, SIRs were less than 2 but significantly increased after all but gastric and prostatic cancer. Compared with the general population, cancer patients were at a modestly increased risk for new primary cancer after cancers at many sites, calling for attention in treatment, management and prevention.
CERN IRRADIATION FACILITIES (2017)

CERN provides unique irradiation facilities for applications in dosimetry, metrology, intercomparison of radiation protection devices, benchmark of Monte Carlo codes and radiation damage studies to electronics.
Caracteres del grupo aditivo de los racionales (2003)

En este trabajo caracterizamos mediante tecnicas elementales los duales del grupo de los racionales Q, cuando se le dota de diversas topoloǵias de grupo que aparecen frecuentemente en la literatura como la topoloǵia usual, la discreta y las p-adicas, aśi como las topoloǵias de Bohr inducidas por todas las anteriores. Obtenemos ademas condiciones suficientes para que el dual de un grupo topologico G sea de primera categoŕia en el grupo de todos los caracteres Homπ(G,T), dotado de la topoloǵia de la convergencia puntual. Por ultimo aplicamos este resultado a los grupos topologicos anteriormente mencionados.
Fully integrated Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) based on hybrid 3D integration of silicon nitride and polymer photonic circuits with operation in the kHz regime (2023)

In this paper, we present the development of a miniaturized Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) system, based on the 3D hybrid integration of the Si3N4 platform of LioniX (TriPleX) and the polymer platform of FhG-HHI (PolyBoard). The photonic integrated circuit (PIC) supports all the functionalities of an LDV system including the splitting of the input light to the measurement and the reference beam, the introduction of an optical frequency shift up to 100 kHz, polarization handling and detection of the reflected measurement beam, using a heterodyne detection technique. The optical frequency shift is accommodated in the TriPleX section of the PIC based on a simple serrodyne scheme, where a phase modulator is driven with a sawtooth signal with the desired frequency. The modulation of the optical field is based on the stress-optic effect utilizing thin-films of PZT deposited on top of the waveguide structures of the TriPleX platform, capable of supporting modulation frequencies up to several MHz. The PolyBoard part enables polarization handling and heterodyne detection of the reflected beam using micro-optic elements on chip, including a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a half wave plate (HWP), and a pair of balanced detectors with four photodiodes that are flip chip bonded on the top. The TriPleX and the PolyBoard platform were brought together based on the 3D hybrid integration, using mode size converters and vertical directional couplers with coupling losses lower than 15 dB. On-chip beating, using the integrated photodiodes is experimentally demonstrated.
Development and Training of Skeletal Muscle Ventricles with Low Preload (1991)

One-layered skeletal muscle ventricles (SMV) were constructed from latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles extrathoracally in six calves and trained under electrical stimulation on totally implanted mock circulation systems. These ventricles had low preloads of about 5 mmHg. The results showed that training against a resistance similar to the human aorta does not create an effective blood pump. But conditioning against a highly complaint workload makes them six times more effective. Therefore, further research on this observation is mandatory. After a conditioning of 16 to 63 days, all implanted mock circulations became infected due to perforated skin, so these experiments had to be terminated. To avoid these infections, we developed and tested an intrathoracic implantable mock circulation system with a highly compliant workload. With a double-layered muscle pump, systolic pressure 120-140 mmHg was generated and an output of more than 31/min was obtained. SMVs with a low end-diastolic pressure seem to be suitable for construction of an effective blood pump between the left atrium and the aorta as a left heart assist device.
Theoretical performance of very long wavelength InAs/InxGa1−xSb superlattice based infrared detectors (1994)

Optimal detectivities of very long wavelength (11–19 μm) photovoltaic infrared detectors based on ideal InAs/InGaSb superlattices are calculated. Accurate K⋅p band structures are used to obtain radiative, electron–electron and hole–hole band-to-band Auger, and for the first time shallow acceptor level assisted Auger recombination rates for n-on-p photodiodes. The suppression of band-to-band Auger by ‘‘band gap engineering’’ is predicted to lead to improved background-limited operating temperatures just as it does in long-wave InAs/InGaSb infrared detectors.
OUTAGE COST COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS (2007)

In this paper the costs of non-delivered energy (NDE) of a collection of generic distribution network models are compared. The network models are especially developed in order to enable detailed studies of the effects of high-speed automatic reclosing (HSAR) and delayed automatic reclosing (DAR) on the costs of NDE. Also the influence of using different levels of automation and sectionalisation on the outage costs of the different network layouts are studied.