gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and testing of light-weight PV modules based on glass-fibre reinforcement (2022)

In this paper we report on our approach on integrating c-Si PV into lightweight structures, in particular towards vehicle integration. To this end we want to get rid of the (bulk weight of the) glass but seek a suitable replacement in terms of mechanical stability. First we elaborate on the most basic standards and norms that VIPV products should relate to in terms of (thermo-)mechanical testing. Then, for the experimental part, 2 concepts are investigated. In a first approach, we reinforced the encapsulant with glass fibre material, while in a second one we applied a dedicated glass-fibre-reinforced sheet as a replacement of the backsheet. In both cases we stay as close as possible to using commercially available material. For each approach we elaborate the testing that has been carried out: thermal cycling, vibrations, mechanical shock and hail impact. On a final note, we point out some initial damp heat testing results, that are a particular challenge for light-weight modules without glass.
Resazurin as an Electron Acceptor in Glucose Oxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Glucose. (2001)

The behavior of resazurin (1) as an electron acceptor in glucose oxidase (GOD)-catalyzed oxidation of glucose under anaerobic conditions is described. When a mixture of 1, glucose, and GOD in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 0.1 M) was incubated at 25 degrees C, the resulting solution turned purple to fluorescent pink due to the deoxygenated product, resorufin (2). On incubation of 1 with GOD alone or with H2O2 under essentially the same conditions, no color change was seen, indicating that generation of 2 in the enzymatic reaction is brought about through reduction of 1 by the reduced form (GODred) of GOD, which was also supported by the voltammetric behavior of 1. However, it was found that the enzymatic transformation of 1 to 2 is of no practical use as an indicator reaction for glucose determination using only GOD due to a slow reaction of 1 with GODred. Based on a ping-pong type mechanism with a steady-state approximation, KM and kcat for 1 as an electron acceptor from GODred were estimated to be 15+/-1.3 microM and (5.0+/-0.5) x 10(-2) s(-1), respectively.
The Nonclinical Disposition and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Properties of N-Acetylgalactosamine–Conjugated Small Interfering RNA Are Highly Predictable and Build Confidence in Translation to Human (2021)

Conjugation of oligonucleotide therapeutics, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or antisense oligonucleotides, to <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands has become the primary strategy for hepatocyte-targeted delivery, and with the recent approvals of GIVLAARI (givosiran) for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria, OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria, and Leqvio (inclisiran) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, the technology has been well validated clinically. Although much knowledge has been gained over decades of development, there is a paucity of published literature on the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of GalNAc-siRNA. With this in mind, the goals of this minireview are to provide an aggregate analysis of these nonclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) data to build confidence on the translation of these properties to human. Upon subcutaneous administration, GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs are quickly distributed to the liver, resulting in plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) properties that reflect rapid elimination through asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated uptake from circulation into hepatocytes. These studies confirm that liver PK, including half-life and, most importantly, siRNA levels in RNA-induced silencing complex in hepatocytes, are better predictors of pharmacodynamics (PD) than plasma PK. Several in vitro and in vivo nonclinical studies were conducted to characterize the ADME properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs. These studies demonstrate that the PK/PD and ADME properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs are highly conserved across species, are largely predictable, and can be accurately scaled to human, allowing us to identify efficacious and safe clinical dosing regimens in the absence of human liver PK profiles. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Several nonclinical ADME studies have been conducted in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the disposition and elimination of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic translation between species. These studies demonstrate that the ADME properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs are well correlated and predictable across species, building confidence in the ability to extrapolate to human.
Molecular Mapping and Functional Characterization of the VEGF164 Heparin-binding Domain (2007)

The longer splice isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), including mouse VEGF164, contain a highly basic heparin-binding domain (HBD), which imparts the ability of these isoforms to be deposited in the heparan sulfate-rich extracellular matrix and to interact with the prototype sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparin. The shortest isoform, VEGF120, lacks this highly basic domain and is freely diffusible upon secretion. Although the HBD has been attributed significant relevance to VEGF-A biology, the molecular determinants of the heparin-binding site are unknown. We used site-directed mutagenesis to identify amino acid residues that are critical for heparin binding activity of the VEGF164 HBD. We focused on basic residues and found Arg-13, Arg-14, and Arg-49 to be critical for heparin binding and interaction with extracellular matrix in tissue samples. We also examined the cellular and biochemical consequences of abolishing heparin-binding function, measuring the ability of the mutants to interact with VEGF receptors, induce endothelial cell gene expression, and trigger microvessel outgrowth. Induction of tissue factor expression, vessel outgrowth, and binding to VEGFR2 were unaffected by the HBD mutations. In contrast, the HBD mutants showed slightly decreased binding to the NRP1 (neuropilin-1) receptor, and analyses suggested the heparin and NRP1 binding sites to be distinct but overlapping. Finally, mutations that affect the heparin binding activity also led to an unexpected reduction in the affinity of VEGF164 binding specifically to VEGFR1. This finding provides a potential basis for previous observations suggesting enhanced potency of VEGF164 versus VEGF120 in VEGFR1-mediated signaling in inflammatory cells.
Study on icing on-line monitoring system of high voltage transmission lines (2008)

In order to prevent and reduce disasters on the transmission line caused by the icing, a set of icing on-line monitoring system for high-voltage transmission lines was researched and developed based on short message and solar power technology. the whole system is consist of the monitoring of the provincial center console, the Center for Urban and host and the monitor of front extension. Several difficult problems such as Sensor, Communication signal filtering, power systems are explored and resolved. Practice shows that the system has stable operation performance.
Somatodendritic accumulation of misfolded SOD1-L126Z in motor neurons mediates degeneration: αB-crystallin modulates aggregation (2005)

Mice expressing variants of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) encoding C-terminal truncation mutations linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) have begun to define the role of misfolding and aggregation in the pathogenesis of disease. Here, we examine transgenic mice expressing SOD1-L126Z (Z = stop-truncation of last 28 amino acids), finding that detergent-insoluble mutant protein specifically accumulates in somatodendritic compartments. Soluble forms of the SOD1-L126Z were virtually undetectable in spinal cord at any age and the levels of accumulated protein directly correlated with disease symptoms. Neither soluble nor insoluble forms of SOD1-L126Z were transported to distal axons. In vitro, small heat shock protein (Hsp) alphaB-crystallin suppressed the in vitro aggregation of SOD1-L126Z. In vivo, alphaB-crystallin immunoreactivity was most abundant in oligodendrocytes and up-regulated in astrocytes of symptomatic mice; neither of these cell-types accumulated mutant SOD1 immunoreactivity. These results suggest that damage to motor neuron cell bodies and dendrites within the spinal cord can be sufficient to induce motor neuron disease and that the activities of chaperones may modulate the cellular specificity of mutant SOD1 accumulation.
Studies on Interaction between Starch and Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester (1971)

Gel strength, swellings power, syneresis and amylographic behaviour of potato-starch gels with nonionic surfactants were studied to know the effects of the surfactants on the aging of starch. All the surfactants employed in this investigation have an antistaling effect, namely, both of increase rate in the gel strength and decrease rate in the swelling power with time are lower than those of the control gel without surfactant. Especially, gel strength of the gels with more hydrophilic surfactants slowly increases.The gels with hydrophilic surfactants, however, showed remarkable syneresis, which might suggest remarkable aging of starch.Whereas, according to the amylographic behaviour at the time to prepare the sample gels in which syneresis appear easily, the gelatinization temperature is high and maximum viscosity is low. These results suggested that the interaction between the hydrophilic surfactants and the starch are fairly strong.Inconsequence, it is seemed that the syneresis of starch gel is not necessarily caused by the aging, but caused by the decreased hydration power of the complex with hydrophilic surfactant and starch, and the strong hydrogen bond of intracomplex. At the same time, H-bonds of interstarch chain are disturbed by the occurrence of the H-bond of intracomplex, resulting in the restraint of the aging of starch.
Anisotropic magnetic properties and giant rotating magnetocaloric effect in double-perovskite Tb2CoMnO6 (2018)

We investigated the anisotropy of the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of single-crystalline double-perovskite $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}\mathrm{CoMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, which crystallizes in a monoclinic $P{2}_{1}/n$ structure. Due to dissimilar magnetic anisotropy, the ferromagnetic order of the $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}^{4+}$ moments emerges along the $c$ axis at ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}=100\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and the larger $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$ moments align perpendicular to the $c$ axis, below ${T}_{\mathrm{Tb}}=15\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The intricate temperature development of the metamagnetism along the $c$ axis results in a large negative change in the magnetic entropy at low temperature. On the other hand, the larger but almost reversible magnetization, perpendicular to the $c$ axis, results in a small and positive entropy change. This highly anisotropic magnetocaloric effect (MCE) leads to a giant rotational MCE, estimated to be $20.8\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{kg}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Our findings, based on the magnetic anisotropy in $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}\mathrm{CoMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, enrich fundamental and applied research on magnetic materials, considering the distinct magnetic characteristics of double perovskites.
Reduction of Disilane (tBu3Si)Br2Si‐SiBr2(SitBu3) in Presence of C2H4: A Mechanistic Approach (2009)

Abstract The reduction of R*–SiBr 2 –SiBr 2 –R* ( 2 ) with NaR* (R* = supersilyl = Si t Bu 3 ) in presence of C 2 H 4 provides a white crystalline solid (η 2 ‐C 2 H 4 )R*Si–SiR*(Br)(CH 2 –CH 2 –R*) ( 3 ) characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 3 is accompanied with an impurity of R*(Br) 2 Si–Si(Br)(R*)(CH 2 –CH 2 –R*) ( 4 ). The formation of 3 and 4 runs complicated because of several reactive partners. However, reduction of 2 with sodium naphthalenide in presence of ethene runs straightforward with formation of a mixture of tetrahedrane R* 4 Si 4 ( 1 ) and bis(silirane) R*(η 2 ‐C 2 H 4 )Si–Si(η 2 ‐C 2 H 4 )R* ( 5 ). The latter is formed by [1+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of intermediate disilyne R*Si≡SiR* with ethene. Compound 5 has been characterized by X‐ray structure determination. The 1 H NMR spectrum of the silacyclopropane ring protons shows AA′BB′ complex spectrum comprising of 2 sets each of 12 transitions.
Physical properties of organogels made of rice bran wax and vegetable oils. (2011)

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the physical properties of organogel made of Rice Bran Wax (RBX) and vegetable oils, examined with thermal, structural, and optical methods. The physical properties of organogels formed by RBX and liquid oils in comparison with other typical plant waxes of Candellila Wax ( CLX) and Carnauba Wax (CRX) can be summarized as follows: (a) the rate of formation of organogels was highest for RBX gels, as determined by visual observation and viscosity-temperature relationships, (b) the hardness assessed by the penetration depth measurement was highest for RBX gels, (c) thermal stability expressed as the Tm of wax crystals in organogels was highest for RBX gels. These properties may be ascribed to the high crystallinity of RBX crystals having the highest ΔHm and ΔSm, whose values are similar to those of the PPP β form. As PPP crystals are tightly packed in the T// subcell, it is reasonable to assume that the RBX crystals are also tightly packed in the O⊥ subcell structures. The differences in the subcell structure may be responsible for the molecular differences between RBX and PPP structures. Furthermore, the crystal morphology of the needle-shaped RBX crystals in organogels may indicate a greater ability to entrap the liquid oils to form organogels. Crystallization kinetics and physical properties of organogels prepared by RBX and different. Furthermore, the crystal morphology of the needle-shaped RBX crystals in organogels may indicate a greater ability to entrap the liquid oils to form organogels.
Separation of blended data by iterative estimation and subtraction of interference noise (2010)

Conventional data acquisition practice dictates the existence of sufficient time intervals between the firing of successive sources in the field. However, much attention has been drawn recently to the possibility of shooting in an overlapping fashion. Numerous publications have addressed the issue from different scopes (denoising, compressing, blind signal separation etc.) while others have defined the theoretical background. The term ‘blending’ was introduced to describe this new trend in acquisition designs, the time‐overlapping data acquisition. In turn, the term ‘deblending’ refers to an algorithm that recovers the data as if they were shot in the conventional way. Such an algorithm is presented in this chapter for application on both impulsive and vibrating sources. This algorithm is based on iterative interference estimation and subtraction and is applied to field data.
Aluminium silvering of high current connectors using printing techniques and nanopowders (2014)

Aluminium busbar connectors provide high current connections between metal connectors and are widely used in electrical power industry. They are formed by clamping two or more plates of flat aluminium with the use of bolts and nuts. Plain aluminium tends to form oxide, which is known of it's very high resistivity To avoid that effect, a surface of aluminium can be electroplated with silver. The main drawback of this method is a toxic waste production. Another problem is the possibility to repair it in outdoor conditions Due to high surface energy of nano-particles, sintering of layers occurs in temperatures much below silver melting point (961°C), and which is more important below melting point of aluminium (660°C). Pastes containing nanosize silver powders were prepared. They were screen printed on etched aluminium plates and cured in several temperatures varying from 300 to 500°C. The plates were pressed towards, forming contact joint that simulates the bolted connection. The contact resistivity versus pressure was tested.
Freeze Granulated Zeolites X and A for Biogas Upgrading (2020)

Biogas is a potential renewable energy resource that can reduce the current energy dependency on fossil fuels. The major limitation of utilizing biogas fully in the various applications is the presence of a significant volume fraction of carbon dioxide in biogas. Here, we used adsorption-driven CO<sub>2</sub> separation using the most prominent adsorbents, NaX (faujasite) and CaA (Linde Type A) zeolites. The NaX and CaA zeolites were structured into hierarchically porous granules using a low-cost freeze granulation technique to achieve better mass transfer kinetics. The freeze granulation processing parameters and the rheological properties of suspensions were optimized to obtain homogenous granules of NaX and CaA zeolites 2-3 mm in diameter with macroporosity of 77.9% and 68.6%, respectively. The NaX and CaA granules kept their individual morphologies, crystallinities with a CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of 5.8 mmol/g and 4 mmol/g, respectively. The CO<sub>2</sub> separation performance and the kinetic behavior were estimated by breakthrough experiments, where the NaX zeolite showed a 16% higher CO<sub>2</sub> uptake rate than CaA granules with a high mass transfer coefficient, 1.3 m/s, compared to commercial granules, suggesting that freeze-granulated zeolites could be used to improve adsorption kinetics and reduce cycle time for biogas upgrading in the adsorption swing technology.
An Evaluation of the Conductivity Profile in the Somatosensory Barrel Cortex of Wistar Rats (2010)

Microelectrode arrays used to record local field potentials from the brain are being built with increasingly more spatial resolution, ranging from the initially developed laminar arrays to those with planar and three-dimensional (3D) formats. In parallel with such development in recording techniques, current source density (CSD) analyses have recently been expanded up to the continuous-3D form. Unfortunately, the effect of the conductivity profile on the CSD analysis performed with contemporary microelectrode arrays has not yet been evaluated and most of the studies assumed it was homogeneous and isotropic. In this study, we measured the conductivity profile in the somatosensory barrel cortex of Wistar rats. To that end, we combined multisite electrophysiological data recorded with a homemade assembly of silicon-based probes and a nonlinear least-squares algorithm that implicitly assumed that the cerebral cortex of rodents could be locally approximated as a layered anisotropic spherical volume conductor. The eccentricity of the six cortical layers in the somatosensory barrel cortex was evaluated from postmortem histological images. We provided evidence for the local spherical character of the entire barrels field, with concentric cortical layers. We found significant laminar dependencies in the conductivity values with radial/tangential anisotropies. These results were in agreement with the layer-dependent orientations of myelinated axons, but hardly related to densities of cells. Finally, we demonstrated through simulations that ignoring the real conductivity profile in the somatosensory barrel cortex of rats caused considerable errors in the CSD reconstruction, with pronounced effects on the continuous-3D form and charge-unbalanced CSD. We concluded that the conductivity profile must be included in future developments of CSD analysis, especially for rodents.
Ionic Liquids - Classes and Properties (2011)

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are an interesting and valuable family of compounds. Although they are all salts, their components can vary considerably, including imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium, phosphonium, thiazolium, and triazolium cations. In general, these cations have been combined with weakly coordinating anions. Common examples include tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, triflate, triflimide, and dicyanimide. The list of possible anionic components continues to grow at a rapid rate. Besides exploring new anionic and cation components, another active and important area of research is the determinination and prediction of their physical properties, particularly since their unusual and tunable properties are so often mentioned as being one of the key advantages of RTILs over conventional solvents. Despite impressive progress, much work remains before the true power of RTILs as designer solvents (i.e. predictable selection of a particular RTIL for any given application) can be effectively harnessed.
Selective Intra Prediction Mode Decision For H.264/Avc Encoders (2008)

H.264/AVC offers a considerably higher improvement in coding efficiency compared to other compression standards such as MPEG-2, but computational complexity is increased significantly. In this paper, we propose selective mode decision schemes for fast intra prediction mode selection. The objective is to reduce the computational complexity of the H.264/AVC encoder without significant rate-distortion performance degradation. In our proposed schemes, the intra prediction complexity is reduced by limiting the luma and chroma prediction modes using the directional information of the 16×16 prediction mode. Experimental results are presented to show that the proposed schemes reduce the complexity by up to 78% maintaining the similar PSNR quality with about 1.46% bit rate increase in average.
Identification of MRC2 and CD209 receptors as targets for photodynamic therapy of retinoblastoma using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2015)

An overexpression of MRC2 and CD209 mannose receptors was revealed in retinoblastoma and antibodies against these receptors were grafted to multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting of imaging and photodynamic therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols and Related Oxidations by Ruthenium Pyrochlore Oxides: New Catalysts for Low‐Temperature Oxidations with Molecular Oxygen. (1988)

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 8 Physical Inorganic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols and Related Oxidations by Ruthenium Pyrochlore Oxides: New Catalysts for Low-Temperature Oxidations with Molecular Oxygen. T. R. FELTHOUSE, Cent. Res. Lab., Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO 63167, USASearch for more papers by this author T. R. FELTHOUSE, Cent. Res. Lab., Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO 63167, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: February 23, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198808030Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue8February 23, 1988 RelatedInformation
Polarisation-driven magneto-optical and nonlinear-optical behaviour of a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic phase (2022)

Nematics with a broken polar symmetry are one of the fascinating recent discoveries in the field of soft matter. High spontaneous polarisation and the fluidity of the ferroelectric nematic <i>N</i><sub>F</sub> phase make such materials attractive for future applications and interesting for fundamental research. Here, we explore the polar and mechanical properties of a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic and its behaviour in a magnetic field. We show that <i>N</i><sub>F</sub> is much less susceptible to the splay deformation than to the twist. The strong splay rigidity can be attributed to the electrostatic self-interaction of polarisation avoiding the polarisation splay.