gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The secreted Frizzled-related protein Sizzled functions as a negative feedback regulator of extreme ventral mesoderm (2003)

The prevailing model of dorsal ventral patterning of the amphibian embryo predicts that the prospective mesoderm is regionalized at gastrulation in response to a gradient of signals. This gradient is established by diffusible BMP and Wnt inhibitors secreted dorsally in the Spemann organizer. An interesting question is whether ventrolateral tissue passively reads graded levels of ventralizing signals, or whether local self-organizing regulatory circuits may exist on the ventral side to control cell behavior and differentiation at a distance from the Organizer. We provide evidence that sizzled, a secreted Frizzled-related protein expressed ventrally during and after gastrulation, functions in a negative feedback loop that limits allocation of mesodermal cells to the extreme ventral fate, with direct consequences for morphogenesis and formation of the blood islands. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of Sizzled protein results in expansion of ventral posterior mesoderm and the ventral blood islands, indicating that this negative regulation is required for proper patterning of the ventral mesoderm. The biochemical activity of sizzled is apparently very different from that of other secreted Frizzled-related proteins, and does not involve inhibition of Wnt8. Our data are consistent with the existence of some limited self-organizing properties of the extreme ventral mesoderm.
Cisplatin treatment reduces vasoconstriction to angiotensin II associated with altering expression of angiotensin type II receptors (2022)

Abstract The renin angiotensin system is a key regulator of blood pressure homeostasis. Angiotensin type 1 (AT1R) and 2 receptors (AT2R) have been investigated as targets for cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury; however, their therapeutic potential remains inconclusive. We determined the effect that acute cisplatin treatment had on angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated vasoconstriction in blood vessels and expression profiles of AT1R and AT2R in mouse arteries and kidneys. 18-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 8) were treated with vehicle or bolus dose of cisplatin (12.5 mg/kg). Thoracic aorta (TA), adnominal aorta (AA), brachiocephalic arteries (BC), iliac arteries (IL) and kidneys were collected for isometric tension analysis and immunohistochemistry analysis. Cisplatin treatment reduced IL vasoconstriction to AngII at all doses; AngII [10-8.0 M] (vehicle: 19.61 3.49 % vs. cisplatin: 0.43 0.09 %, ** p &lt; 0.01) to AngII [10-5.0 M] (vehicle: 27.57 3.22 % vs. cisplatin: 3.26 1.26 %, *** p &lt; 0.001); but did not induce constriction in TA, AA or BC after vehicle or cisplatin treatment. Following cisplatin treatment AT1R expression was significantly upregulated (arbitrary units) in the IL vessels when compared to the TA (IL: 0.014 ± 0.004 vs TA: 0.0013 ± 0.0006, * p &lt; 0.05) and the AA (IL: 0.014 ± 0.004 vs AA: 0.0014 ± 0.0008, * p &lt; 0.05). AT2R expression was downregulated in the media of cisplatin treated IL vessels compared to both TA (IL: 0.0223 ± 0.0052 vs TA: 0.072 ± 0.005, *** p &lt; 0.001) and AA IL: 0.022 ± 0.005 vs AA: 0.060 ± 0.002, ** p &lt; 0.01). AT1R (vehicle: 0.003 0.001 vs cisplatin 0.019 0.002, ** p &lt; 0.01) and AT2R (vehicle: 0.016 0.004 vs cisplatin 0.037 0.004, * p &lt; 0.05) in renal tubules were both upregulated following cisplatin treatment. Herein we report that cisplatin reduces AngII mediated vasoconstriction in IL. This accompanied by an absence of normal counterregulatory expression of AT1R and AT2R, indicating other factors are involved.
Thermodynamic characterization of the pretrasition of unilamellar dipalmitoyl‐phosphatidylcholine vesicles (1984)

High-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) made by sonication of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) reveals that the gel-liquid crystalline transition at 37 C is preceded by a pretransition at 28 C that is relatively slow (t1/2 approximately equal to 2-4 min) and has an enthalpy change of ca. 0.2 kcal/mol. On incubation at 4 C, these SUV fuse spontaneously into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV). LUV also exhibit both a pretransition and a main-phase transition. The temperature of the main transition (Tm) and the enthalpy change of both the pretransition and main transition of these fused vesicles are similar to those of large multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The enthalpy change associated with the transition at 28 C decreases in SUV in a manner directly correlated to the decrease in the apparent enthalpy change of the 37 C main transition, indicating that the smaller (low temperature) transition is indeed a pretransition that is an inherent property of SUV. Therefore, unilamellar vesicles of DPPC appear to exhibit a pretransition at a temperature that varies from 28 C for the small vesicles to 35 C for the much larger vesicles.
Hall devices for magnetic sensor microsystems (2002)

Typically, a magnetic sensor microsystem is a combination of a Hall device, some electronics, and ferromagnetic components. Usually, the Hall device has the form of a plate buried into the chip surface. Non conventional forms include: a vertical Hall device, sensitive to a magnetic field parallel with the chip surface; and a cylindrical Hall device, optimized to sense the circular magnetic field around a current carrying wire. Using a merged combination of two vertical Hall devices, a simple angular position sensor was made. A combination of vertical and horizontal devices gives a high accuracy 3D Hall probe.
Detecting clustering in binary sequences (2011)

We consider the following question: given a sequence X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , . . . , X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> of binary values, how likely is it that the sequence was the output of n i.i.d. Bernoulli trials? And if it was not, can we detect the presence of clustering - increased local density on smaller consecutive intervals - in a reliable way? In this paper we propose a relatively simple statistic Ȓ, the sum of the reciprocal run lengths in the sequence, as a first step towards meeting this goal, and show that it can detect a wide range of clustering with relatively high probability.
Purification and Characterization of Gingipains (2007)

Gingipains are cysteine proteases produced in large quantities by Porphyromonas gingivalis which together constitute important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease by that organism. Described is this unit is an efficient procedure for the purification of gingipains from the growth medium of P. gingivalis strain HG66, along with detailed protocols for growth of the organism and basic characterization of the purified proteases. The purification procedure consists of acetone precipitation followed by gel filtration to separate high-molecular-mass gingipains (Kgp and HRgpA) from RgpB. Kgp and HRgpA are further separated on Arg-Sepharose by the virtue of differential elution from the affinity matrix with lysine (Kgp) and arginine (HRgpA) eluant. Obtained from these procedures, the gingipains are stable and can be stored at -80 degrees C for years without loss of activity.
Promiscuity and specificity in BMP receptor activation (2012)

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), together with Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β and Activins/Inhibins constitute the TGF-β superfamily of ligands. This superfamily is formed by more than 30 structurally related secreted proteins. Since TGF-β members act as morphogens, either a strict relation between a particular ligand to a distinct cellular receptor and/or temporospatial expression patterns of ligands and receptors is expected. Instead, only a limited number of receptors exist implicating promiscuous interactions of ligands and receptors. Furthermore, in complex tissues a multitude of different ligands can be found, which signal via overlapping subsets of receptors. This raises the intriguing question how concerted interactions of different ligands and receptors generate highly specific cellular signals, which are required during development and tissue homeostasis.
Malnutrition and its effects in severely injured trauma patients (2020)

Despite widespread belief about the importance of nutrition in severely injured patients, the quantity and quality of available evidence is surprisingly sparse, frequently of low-quality, and outdated. Based on the malnutrition-associated adverse outcomes, the nutritional status of trauma patients should be routinely and carefully monitored. Trials are required to better define the optimal nutritional treatment of trauma patients, but a standardized data dictionary and reasonable outcome measures are required for meaningful interpretation and application of results.
Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NCCertification Program in Patient Safety: Planning and Curriculum Design (2016)

Background: The current and increasingly complex healthcare environment calls for greater attention to the achievement of quality, safe patient care. The best patient outcomes are a result of healthcare team members working collaboratively to make quality and safety a top priority. To help build a culture of safety and educate resident physicians, nurses, and advanced practitioners as engaged agents of change, we designed a 9-month interprofessional curriculum integrated within existing training programs. Methods: The Carolinas HealthCare System (CHS) Certificate Program in Patient Safety was developed over 18 months. An invitation to join the program was provided to all CHS trainees in GME, nursing, and advanced clinical practice, as well as nursing teammates interested in career advancement in patient safety. Completion requirements included an average of 10 hours per month dedicated to the program, completion of relevant WHO patient safety modules, facilitation of small group teaching sessions, active participation in an interprofessional patient safety training triad patient safety team, and completion of a patient safety improvement plan modeled after an AHRQ case. Results: Eight participants were recruited for the pilot program: 3 residents (Ob/Gyn, pediatrics, and neurosurgery), 2 nursing students, 2 nurses (a simulation center specialist and a patient safety educator), and an advanced care practitioner (trauma/surgical critical care). Because the program launched in March 2015 as a pilot, results will not be available until late 2015. Conclusions: We have been inspired by the diversity of the group, the energy of these learners, and their excitement toward the program and becoming experts in patient safety.
Soft Lithography and Minimally Human Invasive Technique for Rapid Screening of Oral Biofilm Formation on New Microfabricated Dental Material Surfaces (2018)

Microfabrication and hMIRS might be implemented to study the cell/biomaterial interactions for dental materials.
Cervical spine fracture detection in computed tomography using convolutional neural networks (2023)

<i>Objective.</i>In the context of primary in-hospital trauma management timely reading of computed tomography (CT) images is critical. However, assessment of the spine is time consuming, fractures can be very subtle, and the potential for under-diagnosis or delayed diagnosis is relevant. Artificial intelligence is increasingly employed to assist radiologists with the detection of spinal fractures and prioritization of cases. Currently, algorithms focusing on the cervical spine are commercially available. A common approach is the vertebra-wise classification. Instead of a classification task, we formulate fracture detection as a segmentation task aiming to find and display all individual fracture locations presented in the image.<i>Approach.</i>Based on 195 CT examinations, 454 cervical spine fractures were identified and annotated by radiologists at a tertiary trauma center. We trained for the detection a U-Net via four-fold-cross validation to segment spine fractures and the spine via a multi-task loss. We further compared advantages of two image reformation approaches-straightened curved planar reformatted (CPR) around the spine and spinal canal aligned volumes of interest (VOI)-to achieve a unified vertebral alignment in comparison to processing the Cartesian data directly.<i>Main results.</i>Of the three data versions (Cartesian, reformatted, VOI) the VOI approach showed the best detection rate and a reduced computation time. The proposed algorithm was able to detect 87.2% of cervical spine fractures at an average number of false positives of 3.5 per case. Evaluation of the method on a public spine dataset resulted in 0.9 false positive detections per cervical spine case.<i>Significance.</i>The display of individual fracture locations as provided with high sensitivity by the proposed voxel classification based fracture detection has the potential to support the trauma CT reading workflow by reducing missed findings.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Telomerization of Butadiene with Sucrose: A Highly Efficient Approach to Novel Sucrose Ethers. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in NRF2- and Sirtuin-Dependent Maintenance of Cellular Redox Balance (2018)

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has arisen as a critical gasotransmitter signaling molecule modulating cellular biological events related to health and diseases in heart, brain, liver, vascular systems and immune response. Three enzymes mediate the endogenous production of H₂S: cystathione β-synthase (<i>CBS</i>), cystathione γ-lyase (<i>CSE</i>) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (<i>3-MST</i>). <i>CBS</i> and <i>CSE</i> localizations are organ-specific. <i>3-MST</i> is a mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme. The generation of H₂S is firmly regulated by these enzymes under normal physiological conditions. Recent studies have highlighted the role of H₂S in cellular redox homeostasis, as it displays significant antioxidant properties. H₂S exerts antioxidant effects through several mechanisms, such as quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by modulating cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (<i>Trx-1</i>) or increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (<i>NRF2</i>). H₂S also influences the activity of the histone deacetylase protein family of sirtuins, which plays an important role in inhibiting oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and during the aging process by modulating AOE gene expression. This review focuses on the role of H₂S in <i>NRF2</i> and sirtuin signaling pathways as they are related to cellular redox homeostasis.
Memory-based active learning for French broadcast news (2010)

Stochastic dependency parsers can achieve very good results when they are trained on large corpora that have been manually annotated. Active learning is a procedure that aims at reducing this annotation cost by selecting as few sentences as possible that will produce the best possible parser. We propose a new selective sampling function for Active Learning that exploits two memory-based distances to find a good compromise between parser uncertainty and sentence representativeness. The reduced dependency between both parsing and selection models opens interesting perspectives for future models combination. The approach is validated on a French broadcast news corpus creation task dedicated to dependency parsing. It outperforms the baseline uncertainty entropy-based selective sampling on this task. We plan to extend this work with self- and co-training methods in order to enlarge this corpus and produce the first French broadcast news Tree Bank.
Automatic nonrigid motion correction for quantitative first-pass cardiac MR perfusion imaging (2015)

First-pass dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is an increasingly important diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease. It is typically performed with breath holding and electrocardiogram gating to minimize motion, but movement caused by residual respiration, cardiac arrhythmia, or missed gating triggers during image acquisition will induce nonrigid deformations of the myocardium that can hamper interpretation and perfusion quantification. We propose an automatic nonrigid image registration framework to correct motion in a series of cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion images. Our method employs reference frame detection combined with robust flow field estimation using a large displacement optical flow formulation coupled with post-hoc image warping and flow field distortion correction. This framework is multi-threadable and can be applied to standard myocardial series, arterial input function series, and proton density weighted images to facilitate perfusion quantification.
pyEIA: A Python-based framework for data analysis of electrochemical methods for immunoassays (2021)

A graphical user interface (GUI) with Tkinter was created in Python to facilitate data analysis for electrochemical techniques in cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. The GUI lets the user select a technique, measurement(s), and eventually customize the plots.
Jamming Bandits—A Novel Learning Method for Optimal Jamming (2015)

Can an intelligent jammer learn and adapt to unknown environments in an electronic warfare-type scenario? In this paper, we answer this question in the positive, by developing a cognitive jammer that adaptively and optimally disrupts the communication between a victim transmitter-receiver pair. We formalize the problem using a multiarmed bandit framework where the jammer can choose various physical layer parameters such as the signaling scheme, power level and the on-off/pulsing duration in an attempt to obtain power efficient jamming strategies. We first present online learning algorithms to maximize the jamming efficacy against static transmitter-receiver pairs and prove that these algorithms converge to the optimal (in terms of the error rate inflicted at the victim and the energy used) jamming strategy. Even more importantly, we prove that the rate of convergence to the optimal jamming strategy is sublinear, i.e., the learning is fast in comparison to existing reinforcement learning algorithms, which is particularly important in dynamically changing wireless environments. Also, we characterize the performance of the proposed bandit-based learning algorithm against multiple static and adaptive transmitter-receiver pairs.
Multi-scale computational framework for the evaluation of variability in the programing window of a flash cell with molecular storage (2013)

We report a modeling study of a conceptual non-volatile memory cell based on inorganic molecular clusters as a storage media embedded in the gate dielectric of a MOSFET. For the purpose of this study we have developed a multi-scale simulation framework that enables the evaluation of the variability in the programming window of a flash-cell with sub-20nm gate length. Furthermore, we have studied the threshold voltage statistical variability due to the presence of random dopant fluctuations and polyoxometalate (POM) distribution in the cell. The simulation framework and the general conclusions of our work are transferrable to flash cells based on alternative molecules used for a storage media.
Pralatrexate: a comprehensive update on pharmacology, clinical activity and strategies to optimize use (2017)

It has been nearly 8 years since pralatrexate became the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Like most drugs approved for a particular clinical indication, as much or more is learned once it enters mainstream use as in the years leading up to regulatory approval. Over the past several years, many diverse lines of research have shed new insight into both the agent, and the diseases it treats. In this review, we will bring the reader up to date on the many new aspects related to pralatrexate's pharmacology, activity across the panoply of T-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies, as well as some new and emerging guidelines that are likely to improve its safety profile. Finally, the review will close with the many new lines of evidence building a rationale for the combination of these novels: novel combination, and the vision for new platforms in PTCL care.
Structure and Function of a G-actin Sequestering Protein with a Vital Role in Malaria Oocyst Development inside the Mosquito Vector (2010)

Cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) are evolutionary conserved G-actin-binding proteins that regulate microfilament turnover. CAPs have a modular structure consisting of an N-terminal adenylate cyclase binding domain, a central proline-rich segment, and a C-terminal actin binding domain. Protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, such as Cryptosporidium and the malaria parasite Plasmodium, express small CAP orthologs with homology to the C-terminal actin binding domain (C-CAP). Here, we demonstrate by reverse genetics that C-CAP is dispensable for the pathogenic Plasmodium blood stages. However, c-cap(-) parasites display a complete defect in oocyst development in the insect vector. By trans-species complementation we show that the Cryptosporidium parvum ortholog complements the Plasmodium gene functions. Purified recombinant C. parvum C-CAP protein binds actin monomers and prevents actin polymerization. The crystal structure of C. parvum C-CAP shows two monomers with a right-handed beta-helical fold intercalated at their C termini to form the putative physiological dimer. Our results reveal a specific vital role for an apicomplexan G-actin-binding protein during sporogony, the parasite replication phase that precedes formation of malaria transmission stages. This study also exemplifies how Plasmodium reverse genetics combined with biochemical and structural analyses of orthologous proteins can offer a fast track toward systematic gene characterization in apicomplexan parasites.
Hyaluronic acid microgel assemblies using host-guest chemistry (2016)

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Hardness of Macerals in Kayanuma Coal (1961)

茅沼炭12種について組織別の硬度を測定した。同一炭種では炭質頁岩がもつとも硬くついでミネラルドリットが硬く, エクヂニットドリット, ビトリットはもつともやわらかい。炭質頁岩, ミネラルドリットの硬度は含有鉱物量に左右される。ビトリヅトは均質なるゆえに硬度のバラツキ範囲はせまく, 炭素含有量との間に, 一般の石炭現象と類似の傾向が認められるが厳密には一致せず, 特殊な条件の下で火成岩の作用により石炭化が進行したものと推定された。このことは同時にコールパンドからも裏付される。