gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical preparation of semipermeable polymer membranes on carbon fiber microelectrodes for selective amperometric detection of cations (1992)

Abstract An electrochemical procedure is presented for in situ preparation and subsequent deposition of semipermeable membranes on ultramicroelectrodes. The membranes are based on a matrix of poly(oxyphenylene) bearing carboxyl and sulfonic groups, i.e. poly(1,2‐oxyphenylene‐4‐sulfonic acid) or poly(1,2‐oxyphenylene‐3‐carboxylic acid). These membranes exhibit a cation exchange behavior whereas the transport of anions is inhibited. The diffusion coefficients of Ru(NH 3 ) 6 · 3+ within the semipermeable membranes could be estimated by means of chronoamperometric and steady‐state measurements. The values obtained are in the range of 1.0–6.9 · 10 −7 cm 2 /s. The permeability of the cation through the membranes is high. Therefore, no distortion of the voltammetric response due to the attached membrane is observed. It is shown that the transport rate can be modulated by copolymerization of the functionalized phenolic monomer with varying amounts of a cross‐linking agent. The ultramicroelectrodes modified with the above membranes can be used as amperometric sensors displaying a linear current/concentration relationship.
Quantification of whitening effects in adaptive filtering (2003)

The authors propose a scheme for whitening a signal spectrum in a time-recursive manner. They present a detailed theoretical analysis of the proposed scheme and derive a set of equations referred to as the (A-K) normal equations. The authors also derive a figure of merit which provides a useful measure of the degree of whitening attained by a system at a given instant of time. In the special case when the time index is fixed, the proposed scheme reverts to existing fixed whitening schemes, with the proposed theory being applicable to such schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
La toxoplasmose, un problème d'actualité (1994)

no. spécial : Ruminants et santé publique
The Pathophysiology of ???Brain Shrinkage??? in Alcoholics ??? Structural and Molecular Changes and Clinical Implications (2005)

This article represents a symposium of the 2004 ISBRA Congress held in Mannheim. The presentations were: Review of the neuropathological and neurochemical changes seen in alcohol-related ‘brain shrinkage’ by Clive Harper; In Vivo Detection of Macrostructural and Microstructural Markers of Brain Integrity in Human Alcoholism and a Rodent Model of Alcoholism by Adolf Pfefferbaum, Elfar Adalsteinsson and Edith Sullivan; Gene and Protein Changes in the Brains of Alcoholics with ‘Brain Shrinkage’ by Joanne Lewohl and Peter Dodd; Cross sectional and longitudinal MR spectroscopy studies of chronic adult alcoholics by Michael Taylor; Brain Atrophy Associated with Impairment on a Simulated Gambling Task in Long-Term Abstinent Alcoholics by George Fein and Bennett Landman.
Disturbance Rejection Enhancement for Three-Phase Converters by Active Inductance (2018)

The current control has an important impact on the performance of three-phase voltage source converters. A common approach is to adopt a two-degree-of-freedom scheme by which the reference-tracking and disturbance-rejection response are independently adjusted. On the one hand, a conventional current controller, such as a proportional-integral or resonant controller, is tuned to optimize the reference-tracking dynamics. On the other hand, an active resistance is selected to improve the disturbance rejection without altering the reference tracking. There are methods to further enhance the disturbance rejection by, e.g., adding extra selective controllers, but this increases complexity and requires the knowledge of the frequencies to be compensated. Therefore, it is still desirable to ameliorate the disturbance rejection to a greater extent, in a simple manner and without a priori information about the disturbance frequencies. This paper proposes to improve the disturbance rejection by means of an active inductance, without affecting the optimum reference tracking. Concerning the transient response, the overshoot (and hence, the integrated error) is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the steady-state attenuation of harmonics becomes larger in the lower part of the spectrum, where the harmonic disturbances usually arise. Simulation results supporting the functionality of the proposal are provided.
Dynamic resource allocation for Device‐to‐Device communication underlaying cellular networks (2012)

SUMMARY Future cellular networks such as IMT‐Advanced are expected to allow underlaying direct Device‐to‐Device (D2D) communication for spectrum efficiency. However, enabling D2D communication in a cellular network presents a challenge in resource allocation because of the potentially severe interference it may cause to the cellular network by reusing the spectrum with the cellular users. In this paper, we analyze the resource allocation problem in a single cell system when both cellular users and D2D users are present in the system. We first consider the scenario where cellular users and D2D users are allocated resource independently and propose an optimal algorithm and a heuristic algorithm, and then extend the methods to the scenario where cellular users and D2D users are allocated resource jointly. The number of permitted D2D pairs is selected as a performance measure because it is a more specific performance measure than spectrum efficiency. The proposed schemes maximize the number of permitted D2D communication pairs in a system meanwhile avoiding the strong interference from D2D links to the cellular links. Finally, the performance of the proposed methods is evaluated through the numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed methods enhance the number of permitted D2D communication pairs significantly and that the performance of the proposed scheme for jointly allocation scenario is better than that of the proposed scheme for independently allocation scenario. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure and elementary properties ofNaxCoO2(x=0.32, 0.51, 0.6, 0.75, and 0.92) in the three-layerNaCoO2family (2006)

The crystal structures of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ phases based on three-layer $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, with $x=0.32$, 0.51, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.92, determined by powder neutron diffraction, are reported. The structures have triangular $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers interleaved by sodium ions, and evolve with variation in Na content in a more complex way than has been observed in the two-layer ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ system. The phases with highest and lowest Na content studied ($x=0.92$ and 0.32) are trigonal, with three $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers per cell and octahedral Na ion coordination. The intermediate compositions have monoclinic structures. The $x=0.75$ compound has one $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layer per cell, with Na in octahedral coordination and an incommensurate superlattice. The $x=0.6$ and 0.51 phases are also single layer, but the Na is found in trigonal prismatic coordination. The magnetic behavior of the phases is similar to that observed in the two-layer system. Both the susceptibility and the electronic contribution to the specific heat are largest for $x=0.6$.
Human genetic susceptibility toCandidainfections (2012)

Infections with Candida spp. have different manifestations in humans, ranging from mucosal to bloodstream and deep-seated disseminated infections. Immunocompromised patients have increased susceptibility to these types of infections, due to reduced capacity to elicit effective innate or adaptive immunity. In addition, rare and common genetic variants in the human genome have been identified that influence susceptibility to Candida infections. Genetic determinants of primary immunodeficiencies leading to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have been reported, and polymorphisms in genes that are known to be involved in anti-Candida host defense are associated with increased susceptibility to systemic infection. These findings have greatly increased our understanding of pathways important for anti-Candida defense in humans, and patterns of prevalence of Candida infections. In addition, these pathways may offer novel therapeutic targets for treatment. This review provides an overview of the current insights in genetic susceptibility to Candida infections and their consequences for the immune response against Candida.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells Are Functionally Abnormal and NK Cell Progenitors Are Diminished in Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Mobilized Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Collections (1997)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collections are increasingly emerging as the graft of choice in many centers for autologous transplantation, and with increasing frequency for allogeneic transplantation. However, the role of myeloid cytokines in lymphoid function, lymphoid progenitors, and immune-mediated antitumor responses is not known. We studied PBPC collections from normal donors mobilized with G-CSF (10 microg/kg). CD56+/CD3- natural killer (NK) cells sorted from PBPC products exhibited a diminished ability to kill tumor targets, were less responsive in acquiring increased cytolysis with interleukin-2 (IL-2), and proliferated less than NK cells from normal unprimed peripheral blood. This abnormality was not explained by a change in phenotype of NK cells normally circulating in the blood after G-CSF administration. We could not demonstrate any direct suppressive effect on normal unprimed NK cell proliferation or cytotoxicity by culture with pharmacologic concentrations of G-CSF. We next evaluated the effects of G-CSF on CD34+ NK cell progenitors. CD34+/CD2+, CD34+/CD7+, and CD34+/CD10+ progenitors were markedly diminished in G-CSF-mobilized PBPC products. CD34+ cells cultured in limiting dilution assays showed a sixfold decrease in NK cell progenitors when derived from G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ PBPCs compared with CD34+ cells derived from unprimed marrow. The finding of decreased NK cell function, inhibited proliferation, and diminished cloning frequency after treatment with G-CSF could be mimicked in vitro by culture of primitive marrow progenitors (CD34+, lineage-negative, HLA-DR-) on stromal layers in the presence of exogenous G-CSF. The findings presented here show that G-CSF administration to normal donors decreases NK cell function and the relative frequency of NK cell progenitors within the CD34+ progenitor population. Overcoming this diminished lymphoid capacity may be important to facilitate early posttransplant immunotherapy. Our in vitro model will be used in future studies to determine the mechanism of the G-CSF-induced suppression of NK cell progenitors, which may occur early in the differentiation process.
Different Effects of Knockouts in ALDH2 and ACSS2 on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (2019)

ACSS2 knockouts showed no changes in differentiation phenotype, while pluripotency-related transcripts were decreased in ALDH2 knockout ESCs. We demonstrate that AcH increases differentiation-associated mRNAs in ESCs via RARγ.
Citric Acid Modulated Growth of Oriented Lead Perovskite Crystals for Efficient Solar Cells (2017)

Solar cells made of lead perovskite crystals have attracted much attention for their high performance, but far less attention as a subject of crystal engineering. Here, we report that citric acid (CA) and chloride anion, working together, modulate crystal growth of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>, producing sub-mm-sized cuboid crystals-a morphology more suitable for close packing in a thin film than the commonly observed elongated dodecahedral morphology. By using a 15 wt % CA-doped precursor solution, we formed a single layer of large, flat, and oriented cuboid crystals with minimum crystal domain boundaries and maximum contact with neighboring layers, and fabricated an archetypal inverted-structured device of 4 mm<sup>2</sup> area, which showed, reproducibly and with little hysteresis, 16.75% power conversion efficiency (PCE), 26% higher than the PCE obtained for a polycrystalline film made without CA doping. Under weaker irradiation of a 1 cm<sup>2</sup> device, the PCE improved from 14.52% (one sun) to 20.4% (0.087 suns). Under illumination with white light emitting diode, a 10 wt % CA-doped device showed PCE of 28.1%, suggesting an advantage of PVK-SCs for indoor applications. Further studies on crystal growth modulation will be beneficial for manufacturing efficient and stable lead perovskite solar cells.
Neural-like network model for color images analysis systems (2002)

In this paper we present the chromatic neural-like network. It is a two-layer network architecture used in an image analysis system to learn objects classification tasks. Each processing unit in the hidden layer is considered as a network which codifies the color information at pixel level. The output layer makes a features analysis from the hidden layer responses in every window of the image. The architecture and operation of this network are extracted from the studies of biologic visual neural systems behavior and it is a model to be used in an artificial vision system. The learning methodology is an unsupervised, fuzzy and adaptive one and lets a faster training for image processing than other algorithms. It combines the thresholding in features spaces technique and the fuzzy Kohonen clustering nets approach with a gaussian membership function. Experimental results of the net performance with real images are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of p-Nitrophenylphosphorylcholine and the Hydrolysis with Phospholipase C* (1968)

Journal Article Synthesis of p-Nitrophenylphosphorylcholine and the Hydrolysis with Phospholipase C Get access SUSUMU KURIOKA SUSUMU KURIOKA ** Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, Kentucky, U.S.A. **Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Jikeikai Medical School, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 63, Issue 5, May 1968, Pages 678–680, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128829 Published: 01 May 1968 Article history Received: 18 August 1967 Published: 01 May 1968
Phenytoin‐Lipid Conjugates as Potential Prodrugs of Phenytoin (1993)

Phenytoin-1-triglycerides and phenytoin-2-triglycerides were synthesized as potential prodrugs of phenytoin by covalent binding of 3-hydroxymethylphenytoin by succinic acid to the positions 1 and 2 of diglycerides, respectively. The corresponding 1- and 2-monoglycerides were prepared. In addition, replacement of glycerol by 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpropionic acid furnished lipids that allowed direct coupling of 3-hydroxymethylphenytoin. The lipid conjugates proved to be substrates for pancreatic lipase in vitro.
Global performance prediction for divergence-based image registration criteria (2009)

Divergence measures find application in many areas of statistics, signal processing and machine learning, thus necessitating the need for good estimators of divergence measures. While several estimators of divergence measures have been proposed in literature, the performance of these estimators is not known. We propose a simple <i>k</i>NN density estimation based plug-in estimator for estimation of divergence measures. Based on the properties of <i>k</i>NN density estimates, we derive the bias, variance and mean square error xof the estimator in terms of the sample size, the dimension of the samples and the underlying probability distribution. Based on these results, we specify the optimal choice of tuning parameters for minimum mean square error. We also present results on convergence in distribution of the proposed estimator. These results will establish a basis for analyzing the performance of image registration methods that maximize divergence.
Operation of parallel three-phase converters as a motor drive (2009)

Key to more modular, redundant motor drives is the development of parallel three-phase voltage source converters which do not use either supervisory control or isolation between the converters. A drive with these characteristics is used to control a permanent-magnet synchronous machine load. Load-sharing is accomplished using a drooped-speed control and a novel 0-sequence controller is proposed to limit the circulating 0-sequence current. Simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the controller and laboratory tests show circulating 0-sequence current is mitigated. Effective load-sharing is achieved both in steady state and under dynamic conditions.
Performance of different reconstruction algorithms on PET/CT image quality and spatial resolution (2016)

2615 Objectives The purpose of this study was to characteristic the performance of of time-of-flight (TOF) and high definition (HD) reconstruction on PET/CT image quality and spatial resolution. Methods The NEMA body phantom (concentration of the background activity of 0.14μCi/ml) filled with 18F-FDG with a 4:1 activity concentration compared with the background uptake ratio was scanned following the NEMA NU2-2007 standard on uMI510.Furthmore, three 18F -FDG point sources (total activity of 77μCi)inside capillaries with internal diameter of 0.5 mm were placed at three transaxial positions and scanned. A list mode fully 3D attenuation-weighted ordered-subset-expectation-maximization (OSEM) was adopted to process the data with all necessary corrections as the reference setting for comparison(2 iterations for image quality experiment,4 iterations for spatial resolution experiment,24 subsets, 256X256 matrix sizes, acquisition time of 11 minutes for both).Other reconstruction algorithms (TOF+OSEM,HD+OSEM and TOF+HD+OSEM )were conducted in this experiment. Contrast, background variability ratio and accuracy of attenuation and scatter corrections were measured for image quality and transverse resolution at 1cm from the center and transverse radial,transverse tangential at 10cm were calculated by full width at half maximum (FWHM) for spatial resolution. Results The contrast achieved 71.70%,60.60%, 64.80% and 60.39% of the group TOF+HD+OSEM, HD+OSEM, TOF+OSEM and OSEM, respectively. The background variability achieved 2.26%,2.31%,2.53% and 2.46% of the group TOF+HD+OSEM, HD+OSEM, TOF+OSEM and OSEM, respectively. The accuracy of attenuation and scatter corrections was 11.5% for TOF+HD+OSEM and 20.25% for OSEM. The transverse resolution at 1cm from the center were 2.01mm,2.01mm, 2.83mm and 2.76mm of the group TOF+HD+OSEM, HD+OSEM, TOF +OSEM and OSEM, respectively. Conclusions It is suggested that contrast, background variability and accuracy of attenuation and scatter corrections with TOF+HD+OSEM were superior to other reconstructions. Moreover, the contrast of small lesions has been improved significantly by application of both TOF and HD technology. The spatial resolution of PET/CT imaging can be optimized by using OSEM with HD. It is more effective while increasing the number of iterations. Application of TOF has little effect on improvement of spatial resolution of PET/CT. It is suggested that use of HD, especially while increasing iteration properly , could improve the diagnostic capacity of small lesions.
Synthesis of layered Zr(O3PCH2CH2COCl)2 from Zr(O3PCH2CH2COOH)2 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of layered Zr(O3PCH2CH2COCl)2 from Zr(O3PCH2CH2COOH)2David A. Burwell and Mark E. ThompsonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 1, 14–17Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00013a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00013a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract W P241: Identification of Neural Stem Cells in Neurogenic Niche After Stroke (2015)

Background: Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are present in the rodent ventricular-subventricular zone (V/SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. However, their in vivo role in stroke-induced neurogenesis remains uncertain. Using an anti-mitotic agent (Ara-C) in combination with phenotype markers, we examined NSCs in whole-mount preparation of the lateral ventricle of ischemic brain. Methods and Results: Adult mice (n=28) were used. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding the right middle cerebral artery. Ara-C was infused on brain surface of mice for 7 days. BrdU was administered to label proliferating cells. Another 6 mice with non-ischemia, non-infusion were also given BrdU labeling as normal control. The architecture of NSCs identified by inhibitor of DNA binding/Differentiation 1 (Id1, a transcription factor)+/GFAP+ in the V/SVZ were examined in whole mount by means of a 3D confocal microscope. In a normal V/SVZ, 3% (at least 4,000 cells counted per each sample) cells were Id1+. Of these Id1+ cells, 16% cells were GFAP+, which were anchored by specialized apical end-feet in the center of the pinwheel of ependymal cells and they often extended basal processes at least 50 -80 um long; none of these cells were BrdU+ after 1h pulse labeling, indicating that these cells are relatively quiescent. However, 69 % of Id1+ cells were Mash+ and Olig2+ and the majority of these cells were BrdU+, indicating that these are active progenitor cells. 1h after termination of infusion, Id1+/Mash+ and Olig2+ cells were eliminated, whereas Id1+/GFAP+ cells in the center of pinwheels were not affected in non-ischemic and ischemic V/SVZ niches. At this time point, there were no actively proliferating cells measured by 1h BrdU pulse labeling. However, by 48h after termination of infusion, there were many proliferating cells with 59% and 75% of BrdU+ cells were Id1+ in non-ischemic and ischemic V/SVZ niches (p&lt;0.05), respectively. In the ischemic V/SVZ niche, in the center of pinwheels the majority of Id1+/BrdU+ cells were GFAP+ . Conclusion: Our in vivo data suggest that adult V/SVZ niche GFAP+/Id1+ astrocytes are “functional quiescent” NSCs. Stroke recruits quiescent NSCs in the V/SVZ niche to an active pool for enhancing the neurogenic process in response to ischemic insult.