gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tolerance to laser frequency deviation of Nyquist-WDM and Time-Frequency-Packing modulation formats (2016)

Nyquist-WDM and Time-Frequency-Packing tolerance to ICI arising from laser frequency deviation from nominal value is investigated through simulations. Performance comparison at 6.35bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency shows that TFP exhibits higher robustness to ICI and OSNR degradation.
Telomerase activity in cancer as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. (2000)

Major advances have been made in understanding the role of telomerase in cellular immortalization and carcinogenesis. Human telomeres undergo progressive shortening with cell division, and critical shortening of telomeres with cellular aging triggers a signal for cells to stop dividing and senesce. Telomerase is an enzyme that adds telomeric-repeated sequences to the ends of human chromosome DNA. Telomerase is active in the vast majority of tumors, but not in normal somatic tissues, and prevents progressive shortening of telomeres with cell division, probably giving tumor cells a growth advantage over normal cells. Highly-sensitive PCR-based TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assay provided the means to analyze telomerase in a wide variety of tissues. Evidence has been accumulated that this assay may be useful as a potential diagnostic tool for cancer. The constituents of telomerase complex have recently been identified, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been found to be responsible for the enzymatic activity of telomerase. Detection of hTERT mRNA may therefore be useful for the screening and diagnosis of cancers. The mechanisms regulating hTERT expression have been extensively analyzed, and transcriptional regulation of hTERT has been found to be essential for hTERT expression, in which several nuclear factors including c-Myc play crucial roles. Understanding of such mechanisms might provide insight into molecular basis of human carcinogenesis and contributes to the development of novel cancer gene therapy targeting telomerase.
Nanoparticle Detachment Using Shock Waves (2005)

The fundamentals of nanoparticle detachment at the sub-100nm level using pulsed laser-induced plasma (LIP) shock waves are investigated in the current study. Two detachment mechanisms based on rolling resistance moment and rolling by resonant frequency excitation are identified as possible detachment mechanisms for nanoparticles. The gas molecule-nanoparticle interactions are studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to gain knowledge about the nature of the detachment forces and moments acting on a nanoparticle in the LIP shock wave field. The discrete nature of the gas molecules colliding with the particle on the sub-100 nm length scale is linked to the stochastic transient moment experienced by the particle. Both experimental and computational findings of the current study indicate that nanoparticle detachment at the sub-100 nm level is possible by LIP shock waves.
A General Strategy for Ligation of Organic and Biological Molecules to Dawson and Keggin Polyoxotungstates (2007)

The copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry) is used for the first time in polyoxometalate chemistry to graft any kind of organics (lipophilic, water-soluble, biologically relevant) to polyoxotungstates to generate hybrids. The method is not limited by solvent matching between the polyoxometallic platforms and the organic substrates.
P4‐296: COMPETITIVE BINDING OF [11C]PIB AND [18F]NAV4694 IN A TRANSGENIC RAT MODEL OF AMYLOIDOSIS (2014)

PET imaging with amyloid-targeting radiotracers constitute an increasingly important modality for Alzheimer's Disease. Pittsburgh compound B ([11 C]PiB), the first of these tracers, has a short half-life limiting its widespread use, which has led to the development of first-generation fluorine-18 imaging agents. These agents demonstrate increased non-specific white matter binding compared to [11 C]PiB, which can hinder interpretation of the PET image. In contrast, the second-generation [18 F]NAV4694 exhibits little white matter uptake and an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Preliminary studies suggest that [18 F]NAV4694 has both mutual and exclusive binding sites when compared to [11 C]PiB. We aimed to further examine this hypothesis by measuring the blocking of [11 C]PiB by cold NAV4694 in the McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat, a transgenic (Tg) model expressing aggregation of human amyloid. We hypothesized a dose-dependent blocking effect of NAV4694 on [11 C]PiB specific binding. A total of four Tg rats (male; aged 19 months) were imaged using [11 C]PiB, once without any blockage and a second time with an injection of either 12nmol/kg (n = 2) or 200nmol/kg (n = 2) of NAV4694 (precursor provided by Navidea Biopharmaceuticals Inc.) 15 minutes before the scan. The effect of NAV4694 blockage was measured as the percentage difference of BP ND (generated using SRTM with cerebellum as reference) at the voxel level. Compared to the baseline scans, 12nmol/kg blocking induced small reductions (5-13%) of [11 C]PiB BP ND across the cortical mantle only. The 200nmol/kg dose of NAV4694 induced widespread reductions, with an average [11 C]PiB BP ND reduction of 23.2% in the frontal cortex, 9.7% in the temporo-parietal cortices, 14.7% in the hippocampus, 24.2% in the striatum and 20% in the thalamus. The significant reductions in [11 C]PiB binding as a result of cold NAV4694 further verify a partial overlap between the binding sites of these two compounds. However, the magnitude of decreases are lower than expected for the high doses of cold competitor injected (5 and 83.3 times K d of NAV4694, respectively). This implies that these two radiotracers either have high levels of non-specific binding in this animal model, or that [11 C]PiB and [18 F]NAV4694 bind not only to the same but also to different sites or conformations of amyloid.
Effect of Stamp Deformation on the Quality of Microcontact Printing:  Theory and Experiment (2004)

Microcontact printing (microCP) is an effective way to generate micrometer- or submicrometer-sized patterns on a variety of substrates. However, the fidelity of the final pattern depends critically on the coupled phenomena of stamp deformation, fluid transfer between surfaces, and the ability of the ink to self-assemble on the substrate. In particular, stamp deformation can produce undesirable effects that limit the practice and precision of microCP. Experimental observations and comparison with theoretical predictions are presented here for three of the most undesirable consequences of stamp deformation: (1) roof collapse of low aspect ratio recesses, (2) buckling of high aspect ratio plates, and (3) lateral sticking of high aspect ratio plates. Stamp behavior was observed visually with an inverted optical microscope while load-displacement data were collected during compression and retraction of stamps. Additionally, a "robotic stamper" was used to deliver ink patterns in precise locations on substrates. These monomolecular ink patterns were then observed in high contrast using the surface potential scanning mode of an atomic force microscope. Theoretical models based on continuum mechanics were used to accurately predict both physical deformation of the stamp and the resultant inking patterns. The close agreement between these models and the experimental data presented clearly demonstrates the essential considerations one must weigh when designing stamp geometry, material, and loading conditions for optimal pattern fidelity.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF (+)‐1,3‐DIMETHYLALLENE WITH LEAD TETRAACETATE (1975)

Abstract (+)‐l ,3‐Dimethyl‐allen (I) reagiert mit Bleitetraacetat über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zum Acetat (IIa), das zum Carbinol (IIb) verseift wird.
Safety Study of Nonoxynol-9 as a Vaginal Microbicide: Evidence of Adverse Effects (1998)

Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) is virucidal in vitro, and is therefore a candidate microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV. However, the activity of N-9 is nonspecific, suggesting that virucidal levels may produce adverse effects including epithelial disruption, inflammation of the genital mucosa, or both. A randomized placebo controlled trial of daily use of 100 mg of N-9 took place for 1 week in 40 female volunteers. Outcome measures included symptoms, colposcopic and histologic changes in the genital tract, and impact on vaginal flora. Genital irritation was reported by 10 of the N-9 and 5 of the placebo group. Colposcopy showed erythema in 9 of the N-9 group and 2 of the placebo group. Histologic inflammation was found in 7 of the N-9 group and 2 of the placebo group. Inflammatory changes were characterized by patchy infiltration of the lamina propria predominantly with CD8+ lymphocytes and macrophages, in the absence of epithelial disruption. A transient reduction in numbers of lactobacilli was observed in 9 of the 15 women using N-9, and 6 of 18 women using placebo. N-9 used for 7 days in a standard spermicidal dose was associated with increased irritation, colposcopic and histologic evidence of inflammation and was more frequently associated with reduction in numbers of lactobacilli during gel use. The clinical significance of the recruitment of cells susceptible to HIV infection to the genital mucosa is unknown but raises concerns about the suitability of N-9 as a microbicide when given in this dose.
Neuropilin-2 Promotes Extravasation and Metastasis by Interacting with Endothelial α5 Integrin (2013)

Metastasis, the leading cause of cancer death, requires tumor cell intravasation, migration through the bloodstream, arrest within capillaries, and extravasation to invade distant tissues. Few mechanistic details have been reported thus far regarding the extravasation process or re-entry of circulating tumor cells at metastatic sites. Here, we show that neuropilin-2 (NRP-2), a multifunctional nonkinase receptor for semaphorins, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and other growth factors, expressed on cancer cells interacts with α5 integrin on endothelial cells to mediate vascular extravasation and metastasis in zebrafish and murine xenograft models of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In tissue from patients with RCC, NRP-2 expression is positively correlated with tumor grade and is highest in metastatic tumors. In a prospectively acquired cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer, high NRP-2 expression cosegregated with poor prognosis. Through biochemical approaches as well as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we describe a unique mechanism through which NRP-2 expressed on cancer cells interacts with α5 integrin on endothelial cells to mediate vascular adhesion and extravasation. Taken together, our studies reveal a clinically significant role of NRP-2 in cancer cell extravasation and promotion of metastasis.
Study on emission spectral lines of hematite and magnetite for purity’s differentiation (2020)

Iron oxides have been investigated by employing mostly Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). However, absorption spectra sometimes are difficult to obtain in situ, where accessibility to the location is limited. In this paper, we propose using emission spectra to investigate the purity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). We used an infrared beam (wavelength of 1064 nm) from a pulsed laser to obtain emission spectra of the α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 for two different purities (99.99% and 96%) ranging from visible to near-infrared regions. The average values of full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the 99.99% purity were found to be 0.15 nm and 0.17 nm for the hematite and the magnetite, respectively; the average values of FWHM for the 96% purity were found to be 0.19 nm and 0.23 nm for the hematite and the magnetite, respectively. In addition, it is found that lower purity iron oxides exhibited a higher amplitude in the broader emission spectrum when compared to the iron oxides with high purity under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, by observing the amplitude of the broader emission spectra, it is possible to differentiate qualitatively between hematite and magnetite purities; moreover, from the average value of the FWHM of the spectral lines, it is possible to evaluate percentage purity content of hematite and magnetite, which are useful for different mechanical and biomedical applications. FTIR measurements also confirmed that the purity of the oxides can be found by measuring the peaks’ shifts. However, the proposed technique can be used in place of FTIR, where accessibility to the measurement’s location becomes problematic.
Effects of Accelerated Freeze—Thaw Cycling on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour/PVC Composites (2008)

Various formulations of wood flour and rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites were prepared and the effects of three accelerated freeze—thaw cycles on their physical and mechanical properties were studied according to ASTM D7031 specification. Beech (Fagus orientalis) wood flour, PVC, maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE), and beech veneer were used to produce the composites in a two-step conventional hot press system. A thickness swelling test was carried out as an indicator of physical property. Mechanical characteristics of composites were evaluated after each cycle using three-point flexural tests, and losses in mechanical properties were studied. Results indicated that thickness swelling was not affected by freeze—thaw cycling while significant relationship was observed between PVC content and thickness swelling and with increase in PVC content, maximum thickness swelling decreased. The values of flexural strength (MOR) and modulus (MOE), were significantly affected by PVC content, layer, and freeze—thaw cycling. Layering of the specimens and higher PVC contents improved MOR and MOE while freeze—thaw cycling decreased them at the first cycle. Repeated freeze—thaw cycling did not exhibit a significant effect on the mechanical properties and the effect of the cycles was confined to the first cycle only. Increase of PVC content had positive effect on both physical and mechanical properties.
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Multi Hop Token Ring and Token Bus LAN Technologies (2016)

Token ring and token bus networks are two of the most commonly used type of local-area network (LAN). Token ring is designed in such a way that it can provide high throughput under heavy loads. Token bus is implemented using the token ring protocol over a virtual ring on a coaxial cable. The names, token ring and token bus, are applied to LANs which support a multiple access system using a token passing scheme. It is possible to define the maximum access delay experienced by a packet and thus to define the end-to-end delay across the network. In this paper after simulating the token ring and token bus technologies we have focused on the performance issues like throughput, mean delay, normalized throughput and response time of both the techniques. Lastly using some graphs and the data deduced from our simulation we have compared and concluded that token ring performs better than token bus for multi hop network design.
Fused-ring Borazines (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFused-ring BorazinesJ. J. Harris and B. RudnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 3848–3851Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parkinson's Disease and Smoking-Reply (1987)

In Reply. —We thank Drs Baron and Greenberg for appropriately pointing out that our study would have benefitted by adjusting for the age distribution in the parkinsonian population. However, we doubt that our omission of this adjustment carries the dire consequences suggested. First, the Table Baron and Greenberg provide commits the common error of failing to include adjustment for differential mortality. Smokers suffer a mortality of 1.8 times that of nonsmokers, 1 so any group of older living persons will therefore be biased against ever-smokers. The gradient in the Table is greatly accentuated by this bias. Second, the prevalence of current smoking among those with Parkinson's disease (PD) is very low—about 6%. 2 Therefore, the relevant figures for age adjustment should not be for ever -smokers, but former smokers, because nearly all ever-smokers with PD are actually former smokers. The ever-smoker figures in Baron and Greenberg's Table are actually totals of former
Central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the critically ill patient (2001)

In the initial treatment of a critically ill patient, blood pressure, heart rate, urine output, and central venous pressure guide resuscitative efforts. Despite normalization of these variables, global tissue hypoxia may still persist and has been implicated in the development of multiorgan failure and increased mortality. Definitive management includes intensive care unit admission, pulmonary artery catheterization using mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and hemodynamic optimization. In the absence of or before definitive management, hemodynamic optimization can be performed using central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) as a surrogate. The physiology, technology, clinical uses, and rationale for ScvO2 monitoring are reviewed, including issues regarding physiologic equivalence to SvO2. The clinical use of ScvO2 monitoring, evidence-based outcome implications, and limitations of ScvO2 monitoring will also be examined.
Cell Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation via Histone Phosphorylation (2010)

Regulation of transcription involves a large number of histone lysine and arginine posttranslational modifications found marking gene promoters and gene bodies. Within histones there are abundant accessible serine/threonine/tyrosine residues for potential phosphorylation; however, few sites have been clearly documented with regard to actual modification, relevant physiological pathway, and cognate enzyme. In addition, kinases within signaling pathways are thought to be localized to the cytoplasm and thus not able to directly modify histones within chromatin in the nucleus. However, direct assays in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae via chromatin immunoprecipitation have placed numerous signaling kinases at promoters and within gene bodies. In addition, recent studies in mammalian cells of two signaling pathways place the terminal kinase within the nucleus or directly at genes, have identified histone phosphorylation sites, and furthermore, have uncovered potential mechanisms by which these histone phosphorylation sites activate transcription. These results lead to a gathering appreciation of the potential role of signal transduction kinase-mediated direct histone phosphorylation in regulating transcription.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Dimeric Derivatives of 5-HT2AReceptor (5-HT2AR) Antagonist M-100907 (2011)

It is now well accepted that at least some serotonin receptors exist in dimeric and oligmeric forms. The linking of receptor ligands has been shown to have potential in the development of selective agonists and antagonists for traditionally refractive receptors. Here we report the development of a dimeric version of the known 5-HT(2A)R antagonist, M-100907. Derivatives of M-100907 were synthesized to determine an appropriate site for the linker connection. Then, homodimers with polyether linkers of different lengths were functionally tested in a bioassay to determine the optimal linker length. Attachment at the catechol of M-100907 with linkers between 12 and 18 atoms in length proved to be optimal.
Technique to Assess Effectiveness of Control Tactics Against <I>Ostrinia nubilalis</I> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Whorl-Stage Corn (2009)

Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of corn. Studies were conducted to determine whether live larval counts obtained from corn whorls were predictive of the amount of larval tunneling that would result in the stalk of the plant 40 d later at the end of larval development. Whorls from plants treated with Dipel 10G (6,400 IU per whorl) and untreated controls, both infested with O. nubilalis neonates, were evaluated for the number of live larvae in 50 whorls 5, 7, 9, and 12 d after Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) application. Forty days after larval infestation, 25 plants from each plot were split from tassel to base, and the length of larval tunneling was recorded. There was a strong relationship between numbers of live larvae in the plant whorl and the length of larval tunneling that resulted. While linear at each location, there was significant variation in the relationship among locations, indicating that comparisons could not be made between years or locations within a year. Blocks within a location on a given year did not vary significantly and reproducible results were obtained each year within a given location as well as on any of the whorl pulling dates evaluated. Because of its ease of use, predictability, and rapid return of results, we propose this technique as an additional method to shot-hole feeding and stalk splitting to evaluate the effectiveness of O. nubilalis management strategies.
Evaluation of botulinum toxin A injections for the treatment of refractory chronic digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis (2020)

BTX-A injections might be of benefit for the treatment of chronic, refractory DU in selected SSc patients, yet a sufficiently powered prospective study will be needed as ultimate proof.