gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numeric Planning with Disjunctive Global Constraints via SMT (2016)

This paper describes a novel encoding for sequential numeric planning into the problem of determining the satisﬁability of a logical theory T. We introduce a novel technique, orthogonal to existing work aiming at producing more succinct encodings that enables the theory solver to roll up an unbounded yet ﬁnite number of instances of an action into a single plan step, greatly reducing the horizon at which T models valid plans. The technique is then extended to deal with problems featuring disjunctive global constraints, in which the state space becomes a non-convex n dimensional polytope. In order to empirically evaluate the encoding, we build a planner, SPRINGROLL, around a state–of–the–art off– the–shelf SMT solver. Experiments on a diverse set of domains are ﬁnally reported, and results show the generality and efﬁciency of the approach.
Assessing the Structural Stability of Designed β‐Hairpin Peptides in the Cytoplasm of Live Cells (2006)

A genetically encoded β-hairpin peptide molecular beacon. By exploiting FRET between genetically fused fluorescent protein variants, we have determined the relative stability of a series of β-hairpins both in vivo and in vitro.
REPORT OF MILICHIELLA LACTEIPENNIS LOEW (DIPTERA: MILICHIIDAE), ATTRACTED TO VARIOUS CRUSHED BUGS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE & PENTATOMIDAE) (2011)

Diez especies en cuatro familias de hemípteros: Coreidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, y Rhyparochromidae fueron aplastadas con las manos para estudiar su atracciíon hacia Milichiella Lacteipennis Loew (Diptera: Milichiidae. Milichiella lacteipennis fue atraída solamente a chinches de Coreidae y Pentatomidae, y en general más fuertemente hacia las hembras que a los machos. Cuando eran atraídas, el tiempo de la llegada del primer milichiido a los chinches aplastados tuvo un rango entre 2 a 34 segundos dependiendo del sexo y de la especie de chinche. Solo las hembras de M. Lacteipennis fueron atraídas a los chinches.
Cross-Linked Peptidoglycan Mediates Lysostaphin Binding to the Cell Wall Envelope ofStaphylococcus aureus (2006)

Staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus secretes lysostaphin, a bacteriocin that cleaves pentaglycine cross bridges in the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus. The C-terminal cell wall-targeting domain (CWT) of lysostaphin is required for selective binding of this bacteriocin to S. aureus cells; however, the molecular target for this was unknown. We used purified green fluorescent protein fused to CWT (GFP-CWT) to reveal species-specific association of the reporter with staphylococci. GFP-CWT bound S. aureus cells as well as purified peptidoglycan sacculi. The addition of cross-linked murein, disaccharides linked to interconnected wall peptides, blocked GFP-CWT binding to staphylococci, whereas murein monomers or lysostaphin-solubilized cell wall fragments did not. S. aureus strain Newman variants lacking the capacity for synthesizing polysaccharide capsule (capFO), poly-N-acetylglucosamine (icaAC), lipoprotein (lgt), cell wall-anchored proteins (srtA), or the glycolipid anchor of lipoteichoic acid (ypfP) bound GFP-CWT similar to wild-type staphylococci. A tagO mutant strain, defective in the synthesis of polyribitol wall teichoic acid attached to the cell wall envelope, displayed increased GFP-CWT binding. In contrast, a femAB mutation, reducing both the amount and the length of peptidoglycan cross-linking (monoglycine cross bridges), showed a dramatic reduction in GFP-CWT binding. Thus, the CWT domain of lysostaphin directs the bacteriocin to cross-linked peptidoglycan, which also serves as the substrate for its glycyl-glycine endopeptidase domain.
Human Heavy Chain Variable Region Gene Diversity, Organization, and Expression (1990)

Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms which determine the expressed antibody repertoire remains a major challenge in immunology. Knowledge of V gene diversity, organization, and expression is important to an understanding of the formation of the antibody repertoire in normal as well as diseased states. In the last few years, great advances have been made in our understanding of the human heavy chain variable region (VH) gene locus. In this review we present the current knowledge of VH gene diversity, organization, and utilization in normal individuals followed by a discussion of the possible relevance of these findings to autoimmunity.
Design and Preparation of Benzoxazine Resin with High-Frequency Low Dielectric Constants and Ultralow Dielectric Losses (2019)

The new main-chain benzoxazine copolymer oligomers with bulky hydrocarbon end groups are first designed and synthesized. In particular, the aliphatic diamine based copolymers owning low dielectric constants (<3) and ultralow dielectric losses (<0.005) under high frequencies, is suitable for applications in the field of high-frequency communications. Therefore, this work not only provides a facile and effective protocol to simultaneously obtain excellent high-frequency dielectric properties, and improved processing and thermal properties of benzoxazine resins, but also widens the scope of the design and synthesis of functional and high-performance thermosetting polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of Ryodipine, an Effective Antihypertensive Agent. (1985)

Abstract o‐Difluormethoxybenzaldehyd (I) kondensiert mit Acetessigsäuremethylester (II) und Ammoniak zum Dihydropyridindicarbonsäureester (III), der eine hohe blutdrucksenkende Aktivität aufweist.
Structural and functional relationships between h- and l-caldesmons. (1991)

Two different Mr forms of caldesmon as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr values in the range of 120,000-150,000, h-caldesmon and 70,000-80,000, l-caldesmon) have been already identified. h-Caldesmon is predominantly expressed in smooth muscle cells, whereas l-caldesmon widely distributes in non-muscle cells. Most recently, the molecular cloning of h-caldesmon has been reported (Hayashi, K., Kanda, K., Kimizuka, F., Kato, I., and Sobue, K. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164, 503-511; Bryan, J., Imai, M., Lee, R., Moore, P., Cook, R. G., and Lin, W-G. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 13873-13879). The calculated Mr of this protein from its primary structure is 88,743. Here, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of l-caldesmon have been determined by cloning and sequencing the cDNA from chick brain and compared with those of h-caldesmon. The l-caldesmon cDNA encodes a sequence of 517 amino acids with the calculated Mr of 58,844. Two isoforms of caldesmon conserve the completely identical sequences in the NH2- and COOH-terminal domains except for the insertion of Ala-508 in l-caldesmon. Interestingly, the central repeating sequence of h-caldesmon (residues 201-447) is deleted in the l-caldesmon molecule. The short NH2-terminals of two caldesmons individually show the unique sequences. The results of Northern and Southern blot analyses suggest that two mRNAs (4.8 and 4.1 kilo-bases) coding for caldesmon isoforms may be generated from a single gene by alternative splicing. Using a series of truncated caldesmons expressed in Escherichia coli, the common calmodulin-, tropomyosin-, and actin-binding sites and the minimum regulatory domains, which are involved in the Ca2(+)-dependent regulation of actin-myosin interaction, have been identified within the limited consensus sequences (residues 381-433 for l-caldesmon and residues 636-688 for h-caldesmon).
Observation of stacking faults from basal plane dislocations in highly doped 4H-SiC epilayers (2012)

Stacking fault (SF) expansion from basal plane dislocations (BPDs) confined in highly doped 4H-SiC buffer layers is observed under high-power ultraviolet illumination (>1000 W/cm2). Once the SFs reach the active drift layers, grown above the buffer layers, they are seen to rapidly expand up to the sample surface where they can cause device degradation. BPD faulting in the buffer appears to have a carrier injection threshold. Carrier density simulations under various injection conditions and carrier lifetimes are used to establish the conditions of BPD faulting within the buffer layer that could prevent SF expansion into the drift layer.
Practical Limits to Common Mode Rejection in Mode Localized Weakly Coupled Resonators (2019)

The amplitude ratio output metric in mode localized weakly coupled resonators has been established to show superior rejection of first order temperature and pressure variations over frequency shift output metric. This work for the first time documents a holistic study on the temperature dependence of amplitude ratio and frequency shift output metric over various operating points of a mode localized resonator while comparing different modes of operation and different coupling schemes. The results show that both modes of an electrically coupled resonator system exhibit ≈ 10× improvement in rejecting temperature fluctuations over the modes of similar mechanically coupled resonators. Both mechanically coupled and electrically coupled resonators showed an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude common mode rejection as compared to the frequency shift output. For the first time, a comparison was made between amplitude ratio and differential frequency measurements and the results showed similar rejection capabilities between the two output metrics. The various mechanisms leading to the temperature dependence of the three output metrics are discussed in detail thus highlighting the advantages of using each of them for sensing and timing applications.
Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A review (2014)

With technological advances in basic research, the intricate mechanism of secondary delayed spinal cord injury (SCI) continues to unravel at a rapid pace. However, despite our deeper understanding of the molecular changes occurring after initial insult to the spinal cord, the cure for paralysis remains elusive. Current treatment of SCI is limited to early administration of high dose steroids to mitigate the harmful effect of cord edema that occurs after SCI and to reduce the cascade of secondary delayed SCI. Recent evident-based clinical studies have cast doubt on the clinical benefit of steroids in SCI and intense focus on stem cell-based therapy has yielded some encouraging results. An array of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources with novel and promising strategies are being developed to improve function after SCI. In this review, we briefly discuss the pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries and characteristics and the potential sources of MSCs that can be used in the treatment of SCI. We will discuss the progress of MSCs application in research, focusing on the neuroprotective properties of MSCs. Finally, we will discuss the results from preclinical and clinical trials involving stem cell-based therapy in SCI.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic Poly(glycidyl phenyl ether) with an Inverted-Dipole Microstructure via Ring Closure of Two-Arm Linear Precursors Obtained by Initiation witht-BuP4/Water (2020)

Dipolar microstructure is a property related to the orientation of dipole moments along a polymer chain, which is dependent on how asymmetric monomers are oriented (i.e., regio-order). The control over the dipolar microstructure offers the possibility to monitor single-chain behavior in an electric field thus providing important structural and dynamical information. Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), in this study, we first demonstrate that the initiation of glycidyl phenyl ether with the t-BuP4 phosphazene base and water leads to the formation of a polyether composed of two symmetric regioregular subchains with an opposite dipole moment orientation. After modification of hydroxyl end groups into alkyne, macrocyclic poly(glycidyl phenyl ether)s with an inverted-dipole microstructure were synthesized via Glaser coupling. The macrocycles obtained using this strategy display a dielectric normal mode relaxation that specifically reflects the fluctuations of the ring diameter. This important characteristic allowed us to evaluate the macrocyclic chain dynamics by BDS resulting in a dipole relaxation of the ring diameter 1.6 times slower compared to the analogous relaxation in the inverted-dipole linear precursor. These results highlight two main points, the power of BDS in the verification of architectural features of polymers having a net dipole moment component along the chain contour, and the potential of inverted-dipole macrocycles in the study of fundamental physical problems in polymer rings.
A Reputation-Based Trust Model for Peer-to-Peer eCommerce Communities (2003)

Peer-to-Peer eCommerce communities are commonly perceived as an environment offering both opportunities and threats. One way to minimize threats in such an open community is to use community-based reputations to help evaluating the trustworthiness and predicting the future behavior of peers. This paper presents PeerTrust - a coherent adaptive trust model for quantifying and comparing the trustworthiness of peers based on a transaction-based feedback system. There are two main features of our model. First, we introduce three basic trust parameters in computing trustworthiness of peers. In addition to feedback a peer receives through its transactions with other peers, we incorporate the total number of transactions a peer performs, and the credibility of the feedback sources into the model for evaluating the trustworthiness of peers. We argue that the trust models based solely on feedback from other peers in the community is inaccurate and ineffective. Second, we introduce two adaptive trust factors, the transaction context factor and the community context factor, to allow the basic trust metric to incorporate different contexts (situations) and to address common problems encountered in a variety of online eCommerce communities. We present a concrete method to validate the proposed trust model and report the set of simulation-based experiments, showing the feasibility and benefit of the PeerTrust model.
Driving Intention Intelligent Identification Method for Hybrid Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic Inference (2010)

This paper presents a driving intention intelligent identification method for hybrid vehicles based on fuzzy inference. In this paper, a fuzzy logic inference system is developed to identify driving intention. The membership functions and rules of fuzzy logic inference system are built for intention identification and the simulation is done in different driving conditions. The simulation results show that the fuzzy logic inference system can identify driving intention accurately.
1P1-E30 Artificial Finger Inducing Velvet Hand Illusion with Human Finger and Effect of Inclined Tactile Stimulus (2010)

Though the perceived quality is very important, a useful design framework has never been established. Recently, the development of a haptic technology is actively carried out as a key technology improving the perceived quality. In this study, we focus on the velvet hand illusion. In this paper, the novel artificial finger which induces the velvet hand illusion with human finger is introduced. And, the effect of the inclined tactile stimulus of wire is discussed.
Long-term follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted with neonatal pig islets (2010)

Pancreas transplantation is an option to achieve better metabolic control and decrease chronic complications in patients with diabetes. Xenotransplantation becomes an important alternative. In this study, we show the clinical outcome of patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted with neonatal pig islets without immunosuppression. In a longitudinal study of 23 patients with type 1 diabetes, who received porcine islets between 2000 and 2004, we registered demographic and clinical characteristics every 3 months and chronic complications evaluation yearly. Porcine C-peptide was measured in urine samples under basal conditions and after stimulation with l-arginine. More than 50% were female, median current age was 20·8 years, median diabetes duration at transplantation 5·5 years, median current diabetes duration 11 years and median time post-transplantation 5·7 years. Their media of glycosylated haemoglobin reduced significantly after the first transplantation. Insulin doses remain with a reduction greater than 33% in more than 50% of the patients. Before transplantation, 14 of the 21 patients presented mild chronic complications and currently only two patients presented these complications. Porcine C-peptide was present in all urine samples under basal conditions and increased post-stimulation with l-arginine. These patients achieved an excellent metabolic control after the first transplantation. This could explain, as well as the remaining function of transplanted cells, the low frequency of chronic complications compared to patients with similar diabetes duration and age.
Luxapose (2014)

We explore the indoor positioning problem with unmodified smartphones and slightly-modified commercial LED luminaires. The luminaires-modified to allow rapid, on-off keying-transmit their identifiers and/or locations encoded in human-imperceptible optical pulses. A camera-equipped smartphone, using just a single image frame capture, can detect the presence of the luminaires in the image, decode their transmitted identifiers and/or locations, and determine the smartphone's location and orientation relative to the luminaires. Continuous image capture and processing enables continuous position updates. The key insights underlying this work are (i) the driver circuits of emerging LED lighting systems can be easily modified to transmit data through on-off keying; (ii) the rolling shutter effect of CMOS imagers can be leveraged to receive many bits of data encoded in the optical transmissions with just a single frame capture, (iii) a camera is intrinsically an angle-of-arrival sensor, so the projection of multiple nearby light sources with known positions onto a camera's image plane can be framed as an instance of a sufficiently-constrained angle-of-arrival localization problem, and (iv) this problem can be solved with optimization techniques. We explore the feasibility of the design through an analytical model, demonstrate the viability of the design through a prototype system, discuss the challenges to a practical deployment including usability and scalability, and demonstrate decimeter-level accuracy in both carefully controlled and more realistic human mobility scenarios.
Modulation of Enzymatic Activity and Biological Function ofListeria monocytogenesBroad-Range Phospholipase C by Amino Acid Substitutions and by Replacement with theBacillus cereusOrtholog (1998)

The secreted broad-range phosphatidylcholine (PC)-preferring phospholipase C (PC-PLC) of Listeria monocytogenes plays a role in the bacterium's ability to escape from phagosomes and spread from cell to cell. Based on comparisons with two orthologs, Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and Bacillus cereus PLC (PLCBc), we generated PC-PLC mutants with altered enzymatic activities and substrate specificities and analyzed them for biological function in tissue culture and mouse models of infection. Two of the conserved active-site zinc-coordinating histidines were confirmed by single amino acid substitutions H69G and H118G, which resulted in proteins inactive in broth culture and unstable intracellularly. Substitutions D4E and H56Y remodeled the PC-PLC active site to more closely resemble the PLCBc active site, while a gene replacement resulted in L. monocytogenes secreting PLCBc. All of these mutants yielded similar amounts of active enzyme as wild-type PC-PLC both in broth culture and intracellularly. D4E increased activity on and specificity for PC, while H56Y and D4E H56Y showed higher activity on both PC and sphingomyelin, with reduced specificity for PC. As expected, PLCBc expressed by L. monocytogenes was highly specific for PC. During early intracellular growth in human epithelial cells, the D4E mutant and the PLCBc-expressing strain performed significantly better than the wild type, while the H56Y and D4E H56Y mutants showed a significant defect. In assays for cell-to-cell spread, the H56Y and D4E mutants had close to wild-type characteristics, while the spreading efficiency of PLCBc was significantly lower. These studies emphasize the species-specific features of PC-PLC important for growth in mammalian cells.
A Novel Transformerless Inverter Topology Without Zero-Crossing Distortion (2012)

The elimination of the transformer in solar photovoltaic inverters has reduced the size, the weight and the losses in the system.  On the other hand, the galvanic connection between the DC source and the grid generates leakage current through the earth parasitic capacitance. The leakage current depends on both the inverter topology and the control strategy. Among the existing inverters is the Highly Efficient and Reliable Inverter Concept (HERIC) topology that has low leakage current level and high efficiency. However, this topology suffers from low frequency harmonics and current zero crossings distortion s . To eliminate these harmonics and distortions, a new transformerless inverter is proposed.   The design is a conventional full bridge inverter with an extra AC bypass.  The bypass branch disconnects the inverter from the grid during the freewheeling period.  Simulation results indicate that the zero crossings distortions are totally eliminated and that the low frequency harmonics are significantly reduced as a result of the appropriate applied control.  Moreover, losses analysis of the proposed design yields an efficiency of up to 94.14% and shows that the topology meets relevant standards.
Novel multiphoton microscopy probe and feasibility study for colon cancer: Probe on trace elements–related antioxidant. (2011)

463 Background: Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has gained increasing popularity during the past few years because of the distinct advantages over single-photon microscopy, which includes increased penetration depth and low out-of-focus photodamage. However, there had been no report on multiphoton probes for malignancy. Previous studies reported that Zn and Cu ions which are co-factor of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), altered in malignancy tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate application of the multiphoton (MP) probe of Zn and Cu for colon cancer tissues. Methods: We monitored the Zn/Cu ions in the colon cancer cell lines with multiphoton probe Microscopy. The multiphoton probe AZn2+ (C38H38N6O3) and ACu+ (C34H47N3O3S4), we developed and obtained the patent on it, were stained in live cancer cell lines. The tissues of colon cancer, adenoma and normal mucosa were obtained by biopsy during colonoscopy. Then the tissues were stained with 20μM of the MP probes for Zn/Cu ions. The distribution and concentration of zinc and copper ions were monitored by MPM by following the change in MPEF along the depth of tissue. Results: The majority of Zn2+ and Cu+ ions distributed in cytosole. The average multi-photon excited fluorescence (MPEF) intensities due to Cu, Zn, and Cu/Zn ratio were remarkably different between the normal mucosa and adenoma/adenocarcinoma tissues. The Zn2+ content was significantly lower and the Cu2+ content was significantly higher to result in a much lower the Zn/Cu ratio in adenoma/adenocarcinoma than in normal mucosa tissues. Conclusions: We have obtained multiphoton microscopy images of normal and cancer cell lines as well as mucosa and adenoma/adenocarcinoma tissues labeled with newly developed MP probes AZn1 and ACu1. No significant financial relationships to disclose.