gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mTOR, AMPK, and GCN2 coordinate the adaptation of hepatic energy metabolic pathways in response to protein intake in the rat (2009)

Three transduction pathways are involved in amino acid (AA) sensing in liver: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and general control nondepressible kinase 2 (GCN2). However, no study has investigated the involvement of these signaling pathways in hepatic AA sensing. To address the question of liver AA sensing and signaling in response to a high-protein (HP) dietary supply, we investigated the changes in the phosphorylation state of hepatic mTOR (p-mTOR), AMPKalpha (p-AMPKalpha), and GCN2 (p-GCN2) by Western blotting. In rats fed a HP diet for 14 days, the hepatic p-AMPKalpha and p-GCN2 were lower (P < 0.001), and those of both the p-mTOR and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 phosphorylation (p-4E-BP1) were higher (P < 0.01) compared with rats receiving a normal protein (NP) diet. In hepatocytes in primary culture, high AA concentration decreased AMPKalpha phosphorylation whether insulin was present or not (P < 0.01). Either AAs or insulin can stimulate p-mTOR, but this is not sufficient for 4E-BP1 phosphorylation that requires both (P < 0.01). As expected, branched-chain AAs (BCAA) or leucine stimulated the phosphorylation of mTOR, but both insulin and BCAA or leucine are required for 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. GCN2 phosphorylation was reduced by both AAs and insulin(P < 0.01), suggesting for the first time that the translation inhibitor GCN2 senses not only the AA deficiency but also the AA increase in the liver. The present findings demonstrate that AAs and insulin exert a coordinated action on translation and involved mTOR, AMPK, and GCN2 transduction pathways.
Correction: Powering up the molecular therapy of RNA interference by novel nanoparticles (2016)

Correction for 'Powering up the molecular therapy of RNA interference by novel nanoparticles' by Wenzhen Liao et al., Biomater. Sci., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00204h.
SYNTHETIC, SPECTROSCOPIC AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF HETEROFUNCTIONAL DIPHOSPHAZANE LIGANDS (1995)

Abstract New unsymmetrical diphosphazanes of the type X2PN(Pr1)PYY′ {X = Ph, YY′ = O2C12H8 (1a), O2C20H12 (1h); X = Ph, Y = Ph, Y′ = OC6H4Me-4 (1c), OC6H4Br4(1d), OC6H3Me2-3,5 (1e), N2C2H3 (1f), N2C3HMe2-3,5 (1g), OC5H4N-2 (1h)} are prepared and converted into their mono- and di-oxides or sulfides. These can function as heterofunctional ligands through P, S, N or O donor sites. These compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopic studies. Variable temperature 31P{1H} NMR measurements on some of these compounds reveal the presence of different types of conformers in solution. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies have been carried out for Ph2P(S)N(Pr1)PPh(N2C3HMe2-3,5) (2g) and Ph2P(O)N(Pr1)P(O)Ph(OC5H4N-2) (5b). Key Words: Unsymmetrical diphosphazanestheir monosulfidesmonoxides and dioxidessynthesesNMR spectracrystal structures
Intrinsic tumor resistance to CAR T cells is a dynamic transcriptional state that is exploitable with low-dose radiation (2023)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a major advancement for hematologic malignancies, with some patients achieving long-term remission. However, the majority of treated patients still die of their disease. A consistent predictor of response is tumor quantity, wherein a higher disease burden before CAR T-cell therapy portends a worse prognosis. Focal radiation to bulky sites of the disease can decrease tumor quantity before CAR T-cell therapy, but whether this strategy improves survival is unknown. We find that substantially reducing systemic tumor quantity using high-dose radiation to areas of bulky disease, which is commonly done clinically, is less impactful on overall survival in mice achieved by CAR T cells than targeting all sites of disease with low-dose total tumor irradiation (TTI) before CAR T-cell therapy. This finding highlights another predictor of response, tumor quality, the intrinsic resistance of an individual patient's tumor cells to CAR T-cell killing. Little is known about whether or how an individual tumor's intrinsic resistance may change under different circumstances. We find a transcriptional "death receptor score" that reflects a tumor's intrinsic sensitivity to CAR T cells can be temporarily increased by low-dose TTI, and the timing of this transcriptional change correlates with improved in vivo leukemia control by an otherwise limited number of CAR T cells. This suggests an actionable method for potentially improving outcomes in patients predicted to respond poorly to this promising therapy and highlights that intrinsic tumor attributes may be equally or more important predictors of CAR T-cell response as tumor burden.
How well do time-integrated Kα images represent hot electron spatial distributions? (2011)

A computational study is described, which addresses how well spatially resolved time-integrated Kα images recorded in intense laser-plasma experiments correlate with the distribution of “hot” (&amp;gt;1 MeV) electrons as they propagate through the target. The hot electron angular distribution leaving the laser-plasma region is critically important for many applications such as Fast Ignition or laser based x-ray sources; and Kα images are commonly used as a diagnostic. It is found that Kα images can easily mislead due to refluxing and other effects. Using the particle-in-cell code LSP, it is shown that a Kα image is not solely determined by the initial population of forward directed hot electrons, but rather also depends upon “delayed” hot electrons, and in fact continues to evolve long after the end of the laser interaction. Of particular note, there is a population of hot electrons created during the laser-plasma interaction that acquire a velocity direction opposite that of the laser and subsequently reflux off the front surface of the target, deflect when they encounter magnetic fields in the laser-plasma region, and then traverse the target in a wide spatial distribution. These delayed fast electrons create significant features in the Kα time-integrated images. Electrons refluxing from the sides and the back of the target are also found to play a significant role in forming the final Kα image. The relative contribution of these processes is found to vary depending on depth within target. These effects make efforts to find simple correlations between Kα images and, for example, Fast Ignition relevant parameters prone to error. Suggestions for future target design are provided.
The potential use of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) as a forensic marker for cyanide exposure in medicolegal death investigation: A review. (2019)

Cyanide (CN) is one of the most toxic of all substances and can be found in various natural and anthropogenic sources. Sensitive and effective methods for the confirmation of CN exposure are crucial in medical, military, and forensic settings. Due to its high volatility and reactivity, direct detection of CN from postmortem samples could raise inconclusive interpretation issues that may hinder accurate determination of the cause of death. The detection of the alternative CN metabolites as markers to test CN exposure may offer a solution to reduce the potential for false-negative and false-positive results. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a minor metabolite of CN and has been proposed to be a potential alternative forensic marker for the confirmation of CN exposure. According to the current state of knowledge, ATCA has not yet been associated with other metabolic pathways except for CN detoxification. Moreover, ATCA is stable under various conditions over time. This article reviews analytical methods developed for the analysis of ATCA as well as studies related to potential use of ATCA as a marker for the diagnosis of CN exposure. The need for research related to the use of ATCA as a reliable forensic marker for CN exposure in medicolegal death investigations is also discussed.
Understanding and Visualizing Deep Visual Saliency Models (2019)

Recently, data-driven deep saliency models have achieved high performance and have outperformed classical saliency models, as demonstrated by results on datasets such as the MIT300 and SALICON. Yet, there remains a large gap between the performance of these models and the inter-human baseline. Some outstanding questions include what have these models learned, how and where they fail, and how they can be improved. This article attempts to answer these questions by analyzing the representations learned by individual neurons located at the intermediate layers of deep saliency models. To this end, we follow the steps of existing deep saliency models, that is borrowing a pre-trained model of object recognition to encode the visual features and learning a decoder to infer the saliency. We consider two cases when the encoder is used as a fixed feature extractor and when it is fine-tuned, and compare the inner representations of the network. To study how the learned representations depend on the task, we fine-tune the same network using the same image set but for two different tasks: saliency prediction versus scene classification. Our analyses reveal that: 1) some visual regions (e.g. head, text, symbol, vehicle) are already encoded within various layers of the network pre-trained for object recognition, 2) using modern datasets, we find that fine-tuning pre-trained models for saliency prediction makes them favor some categories (e.g. head) over some others (e.g. text), 3) although deep models of saliency outperform classical models on natural images, the converse is true for synthetic stimuli (e.g. pop-out search arrays), an evidence of significant difference between human and data-driven saliency models, and 4) we confirm that, after-fine tuning, the change in inner-representations is mostly due to the task and not the domain shift in the data.
Silicon photonic integrated circuit swept-source optical coherence tomography receiver with dual polarization, dual balanced, in-phase and quadrature detection (2015)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging method with many biomedical and non-medical applications. Miniaturization, cost reduction, and increased functionality of OCT systems will be critical for future emerging clinical applications. We present a silicon photonic integrated circuit swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) coherent receiver with dual polarization, dual balanced, in-phase and quadrature (IQ) detection. We demonstrate multiple functional capabilities of IQ polarization resolved detection including: complex-conjugate suppressed full-range OCT, polarization diversity detection, and polarization-sensitive OCT. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a silicon photonic integrated receiver for OCT. The integrated coherent receiver provides a miniaturized, low-cost solution for SS-OCT, and is also a key step towards a fully integrated high speed SS-OCT system with good performance and multi-functional capabilities. With further performance improvement and cost reduction, photonic integrated technology promises to greatly increase penetration of OCT systems in existing applications and enable new applications.
Immunological Studies in Human Schistosomiasis (1977)

Levels of IgG, IgE, IgM, and IgA were determined, specific antibodies were detected by the fluorescent antibody test, hemagglutination test, complement fixation test and immunoelectrophoresis, and intradermal tests for delayed hypersensitivity to Schistosoma mansoni antigens were performed in Brazilian patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. The results were compared according to the clinical forms of the disease. IgG levels and antibody titers increased progressively in the subclinical, hepatomegalic, and hepatosplenic forms and there was a statistical relationship between IgG levels and the intensity of responses to the four serological tests; Delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) was found more frequently in hepatosplenic patients and more particularly in those with splenomegaly. DHS also correlated with age, but not with sex or with skin color. The strongest DHS reactions were observed in patients 20 to 34 years old, and in those having the highest fecal egg output. IgG levels, antibody titers, and DHS responses decreased after splenectomy and portal filtration of the worms. No significant variation was observed between untreated subjects, patients who were splenectomized and a group not subject to reinfection for 4 yearsk0
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli strains from a turkey operation (2002)

Antimicrobial usage was common and may have contributed to the resistance patterns of isolates. With a modest allocation of laboratory resources, producers can monitor antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical and fecal E coli to manage risks of antimicrobial usage and resistance.
Policy-directed certificate retrieval (2000)

Any large scale security architecture that uses certificates to provide security in a distributed system will need some automated support for moving certificates around in the network. We believe that for efficiency, this automated support should be tied closely to the consumer of the certificates: the policy verifier. As a proof of concept, we have built QCM, a prototype policy language and verifier that can direct a retrieval mechanism to obtain certificates from the network. Like previous verifiers, QCM takes a policy and certificates supplied by a requester and determines whether the policy is satisfied. Unlike previous verifiers, QCM can take further action if the policy is not satisfied: QCM can examine the policy to decide what certificates might help satisfy it and obtain them from remote servers on behalf of the requester. This takes place automatically, without intervention by the requester; there is no additional burden placed on the requester or the policy writer for the retrieval service we provide. We present examples that show how our technique greatly simplifies certificate-based secure applications ranging from key distribution to ratings systems, and that QCM policies are simple to write. We describe our implementation, and illustrate the operation of the prototype. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical Solvent Extraction of Vanadium Using Acetylacetone (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical Solvent Extraction of Vanadium Using AcetylacetoneJ. P. McKaveney and Henry. FreiserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 4, 526–529Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60136a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60136a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Modification of Lactose. XVI. : Synthesis of Lacto-N-neohexaose (1981)

Reaction of 1, 6-anhydro-2, 2', 3, 4'-tetra-O-benzyl-β-lactose (1, 1 mol eq.) with the acetylated oxazoline of N-acetyllactosamine (2, 5 mol eq.) gave the derivatives of 6'-Nacetyllactosaminyllactose (3, 24.5%) and lacto-N-neohexaose (8, 53.5%). The protecting groups of 3 and 8 were removed by means of the following series of reactions to provide the corresponding tetrasaccharide (7) and hexasaccharide (12), respectively : debenzylation followed by acetylation, acetolysis, and de-O-acetylation. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data for the 1, 6-anhydro-β-derivatives of 7 and 12 are presented.
2003 Southwest Symposium on Mixed-Signal Design : SSMSD : February 23-25, 2003, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A. (2003)

Topics covered in this title include: mixed-signal computer-aided design and synthesis; data converters; power distribution and interconnect; phase-locked delay-locked loops; digital circuits and systems; CMOS analogue design; and modelling and simulation of digital circuits.
Visualization of copper(II) in velvet mesquite (Prosopis Juliflora-Velutina) and soybeans (Glycine max) by earth field magnetic resonance imaging (2016)

The goal of this research was to visualize the uptake of copper by plants to promote phytoremediation. The hypothesis was that regions of the plant that contain more copper have enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance using copper as a paramagnetic contrast agent. Earth field magnetic resonance imaging (EFMRI) spectrometry uses a magnetic field 300,000 times weaker than a 600 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. As in conventional human MRI, this portable instrument is capable of recording one-, two-, and three-dimensional images, although the sample size is reduced. The enhancement of signal was first demonstrated recording the two dimensional images of different concentrations of aqueous copper sulfate. The study also focused on growing mesquite and soybean plants in hydroponic media containing 0.25 mM copper nitrate for four and three weeks, respectively, and recording their EFMRI images with plants grown without copper nitrate. The results showed that EFMRI allows the probing the plant absorption of copper without having to dissect the specimen and therefore requires less sample preparation and time than current techniques. This technique may be beneficial to phytoremediation by imaging plants to evaluate their copper accumulation.
Bidirectionally Compatible Buffering Layer Enables Highly Stable and Conductive Interface for 4.5 V Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries (2021)

Abstract High‐voltage all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (HVASSLBs) are considered attractive systems for portable electronics and electric vehicles, due to their theoretically high energy density and safety. However, realization of HVASSLBs with sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) is hindered by their limited electrochemical stability, resulting in sluggish interphase dynamics. Here, a bidirectionally compatible buffering layer design scheme is proposed to overcome the interfacial challenges of sulfide‐based HVASSLBs. As a proof of concept, it is found that NASICON‐type Li x Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 surprisingly exhibit great compatibility with both 4.5 V LiCoO 2 and Li 6 PS 5 Cl, based on the results of first‐principles calculations and various in situ/ex situ characterizations. This compatibility significantly restrains the interface reactivity and boosts interfacial Li‐ion transport. Therefore, 4.5 V sulfide‐based HVASSLBs can exhibit remarkably enhanced initial discharge capacity (143.3 vs 125.9 mAh·g −1 at 0.2C), capacity retention (95.53% vs 74.74% after 100 cycles), and rate performance (97 vs 45 mAh·g −1 at 2C). This work sheds light on the great prospects of sulfide‐based HVASSLBs with high‐rate characteristics, and constitutes a crucial step toward the rational design of interface and interphase chemistry for high‐performance sulfide‐based HVASSLBs.
2A1-P06 Development of Rescue Support Stretcher System with Stair-climbing : the 8th report Quantitative evaluation of stairs descent(Search and Rescue Robot and Mechatronics(1)) (2012)

A Sarin gas attack occurred in the Tokyo subway system on March 20, 1995. This fatal gas attack sickened many passengers. Since the disaster broke out underground, the main job of the rescue personnel was to transport victims on stretchers to a first-aid station above the ground. Therefore, we researched the development of a rescue support stretcher system for handling heavy casualties in underground areas or at stations in a quick and effective manner. The stretcher system is expected to help firefighters achieve efficient rescue operations. In this paper, we introduce a rescue support stretcher system with stair-climbing ability. We also compare the effectiveness of our system with the existing device.
Improved device-independent randomness expansion rates from tight bounds on the two sided randomness using CHSH tests (2021)

A device-independent randomness expansion protocol aims to take an initial random string and generate a longer one, where the security of the protocol does not rely on knowing the inner workings of the devices used to run it. In order to do so, the protocol tests that the devices violate a Bell inequality and one then needs to bound the amount of extractable randomness in terms of the observed violation. The entropy accumulation theorem gives a bound in terms of the single-round von Neumann entropy of any strategy achieving the observed score. Tight bounds on this are known for the one-sided randomness when using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) game. Here we find the minimum von Neumann entropies for a given CHSH score relevant for one and two sided randomness that can be applied to various protocols. In particular, we show the gain that can be made by using the two-sided randomness and by using a protocol without spot-checking where the input randomness is recycled. We also discuss protocols that fully close the locality loophole while expanding randomness. Although our bounds are mostly numerical, we conjecture analytic formulae for the curves in two cases.
Element gain pattern prediction for finite arrays of V-dipole antennas over ground plane (1988)

The element gain pattern for finite phased arrays of dual-polarized crossed V-dipole antennas over ground plane is addressed. The method of moments is used to predict the center-element gain pattern. An experimental, 19-element, passively terminated planar array is described, and center-element gain pattern measurements are presented. The theoretical results are in good agreement with measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nitrogen‐Rich Pyrotechnic Materials for Light and Smoke (2022)

The development of less toxic and environment-friendly nitrogen-rich and perchlorate-free energetic materials, which could be used in light- and smoke-emitting pyrotechnic formulations is a challenging and very important research topic with many civil and defense applications. For example, such pyrotechnics are critical for marking aircraft landing positions in emergencies and accidents. Critical issues for these energetic formulations include control over the burn rate, tuning of the dominant emitted wavelength and its spectral purity, luminous intensity and luminous efficiency, as well as the thermal and energetic properties of these materials. This chapter describes the chemistry and properties of this class of pyrotechnics.
Plasma deposition of amorphous silicon alloys from fluorinated gases (1996)

Abstract
Example of Application of Experimental Modal Model for Damage Detection for a Rotating Shaft (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.