gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring-C aromatic steroids. Part 4. The C-aromatic analogue of progesterone (1983)

The ring-C aromatic analogue of progesterone, 18-norpregna-4,8,11,13-tetraene-3,20-dione (2), was formed together with its 17-epimer (3) when 9α,11α-epoxy-20ξ-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-eno-18,20-lactone (14) was subjected to oxidative decarboxylation, and the resulting products treated with boron trifluoride. The precursor (14) was synthesised as follows. 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone (4) was dehydrated, and the product then selectively reduced (by two routes) to 20β-hydroxypregna-4,9(11)-dien-3-one (9). The latter was functionalised at C-18 to give 3-oxopregna-4,9(11)-dieno-18,20-lactone (10) which was oxidised, after opening of the lactone ring, to the corresponding lactol (12). The latter was converted into the required lactol epoxide (14). Internal displacement on the 9α,11α-epoxide occurred when the lactol epoxide (14) was treated with acid, yielding 9α-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-eno-18,11β-lactone (16).
Incidence and Trends of Heart Failure Admissions After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery (2012)

Pre-operative EF is a strong predictor of HF admission within 2 years after CABG surgery. The use of beta-blockers decreased HF admission after CABG, especially in patients with EF <35%. Despite the more pronounced benefit and increasing use of beta-blockers in patients with a low EF, HF admission rates in this group of patients are rising. This suggests that more comprehensive management of factors associated with HF is necessary.
[Pharmacological studies of new sulfhydryl compounds 2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-cysteine (SA96). I. Evaluation of anti-rheumatic action (author's transl)]. (1980)

Oral administration of 2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-cysteine (SA 96), a newly synthesized sulfhydryl compound, showed protective and curative effects on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats similarly to those seen with D-penicillamine (D-PA). However, the effects of these compounds were not dose-dependent, and the maximum effects of SA96 were observed at 10 mg/kg/day. On the contrary, SA96 and D-PA had little effect on the various acute and subacute inflammatory responses induced in rat and mice. Formation of hemolytic plaque forming cells in the spleen of mice immunized with 5 X 10(8) sheep red blood cells was potentiated by the oral administration of both compounds. These stimulatory effects of SA96 and D-PA on the humoral immune responses were also not dose-dependent, and the maximum effects of SA96 were observed with 10 mg/kg/day, as in the case of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. In in vitro experiments, the inactivation of rheumatoid factor and the inhibition of collagenase and bone alkaline phosphatase activities were observed with both compounds, but these effects of SA96 were more potent than those of D-PA. As there is a similarity in the pharmacological profiles of SA96 and D-PA, SA96 may prove to be clinically effective for rheumatoid arthritis.
A Robotic CAD System using a Bayesian Framework (2000)

We present in this paper a Bayesian CAD system\nfor robotic applications. We address the problem of the\npropagation of geometric uncertainties and how esian\nCAD system for robotic applications. We address the\nproblem of the propagation of geometric uncertainties\nand how to take this propagation into account when\nsolving inverse problems. We describe the methodology\nwe use to represent and handle uncertainties using\nprobability distributions on the system's parameters\nand sensor measurements. It may be seen as a\ngeneralization of constraint-based approaches where we\nexpress a constraint as a probability distribution instead\nof a simple equality or inequality. Appropriate\nnumerical algorithms used to apply this methodology\nare also described. Using an example, we show how\nto apply our approach by providing simulation results\nusing our CAD system.
Correction to “Facile Fabrication of TiO2–Graphene Composite with Enhanced Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic Properties by Electrospinning” (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Facile Fabrication of TiO2–Graphene Composite with Enhanced Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic Properties by Electrospinning"Peining Zhu, A. Sreekumaran Nair*, Peng Shengjie, Yang Shengyuan, and Seeram RamakrishnaCite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 7, 5051Publication Date (Web):February 9, 2016Publication History Published online9 February 2016Published inissue 24 February 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.5b12009https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12009correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1088Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (104 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-line metrology for Cu pillar applications in interposer based packages for 2.5D integration (2017)

The vertical assembly between chip and interposer (2.5D) is mainly done by micro interconnects based on Cu pillars (diameter <50 μm, height <75 μm). These are typically manufactured via electroplating, which includes the sequential deposition of the Cu pillar itself and its solder cap (typically SnAg or Sn). In order to improve the yield of the subsequent assembly process as well as the overall reliability of these interconnects it is crucial to obtain information about their post process characteristics such as geometry (e.g. height and diameter, as well variations over the whole Si wafer), roughness, undercut, contamination level etc. Therefore it is important to introduce reliable metrology tools for wafer processing control. This study provides a detailed overview on important pillar characteristics and possible metrology solutions for their measurement, ranging from destructive failure analysis to promising in-line techniques. Furthermore, challenges and limits of the found solutions for various important pillar characteristics will be discussed. Derived from the provided overview on Cu pillar characteristics, this study will focus in detail on the measurement of the pillar sidewall loss and its roughness, the pillar undercut, the roughness of the insulator layer surrounding the pillar and the bottom critical dimension (CD). The sidewall parameters and the undercut of the pillar are difficult to characterize because of the geometrical arrangement and the associated inaccessibility by common measurement techniques (e.g. optical widefleld microscopy). The application of confocal microscopy with high resolution will be described in detail which enabled successful measurements of most of the described parameters (except undercut). The results will be discussed in terms of applicability for even smaller pillars (down to 25 μm) and in-line metrology capabilities.
Metformin Regulates the Expression of CD133 Through the AMPK-CEBPβ Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines (2019)

CD133 is a cellular surface protein, which has been reported to be a cancer stem cell marker, and thus is considered a potential target for cancer treatment. Metformin, one of the biguanides used for the treatment of diabetes, is also known to reduce the risk of cancer development and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), including the expression of CD133. However, the mechanism underlying the reduction of the expression of CD133 by metformin is not yet understood. This study shows that metformin suppressed CD133 expression mainly by affecting the CD133 P1 promoter via adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling but not the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). AMPK inhibition rescued the reduction of CD133 by metformin. Further experiments demonstrated that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPβ) was upregulated by metformin and that two isoforms of CEBPβ reciprocally regulated the expression of CD133. Specifically, the liver-enriched activator protein (LAP) isoform increased the expression of CD133 by directly binding to the P1 promoter region, whereas the liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP) isoform suppressed the expression of CD133. Consistent with these findings, a three dimensional (3D) culture assay and drug sensitivity assay demonstrated that LAP-overexpressing cells formed large spheroids and were more resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment, whereas LIP-overexpressing cells were more sensitive to 5-FU and showed combined effects with metformin. Our results indicated that metformin-AMPK-CEBPβ signaling plays a crucial role in regulating the gene expression of CD133. Additionally, regulating the ratio of LAP/LIP may be a novel strategy for targeting CSCs for the treatment of cancer.
Miscibility and morphology of AB/C‐type blends composed of block copolymer and homopolymer or random copolymer, 1. Polyisoprene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)/modified polystyrene blends (1995)

Abstract The miscibility and morphology of AB/C‐type blends composed of polyisoprene‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) [PI‐ b ‐PMMA] and a modified polystyrene with hydroxyl‐containing units [PS(OH)] has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the blends the density of hydrogen bonding between C and B block is adjustable. The miscibility and morphology of the blends cast from toluene, which is inert to hydrogen bonding, are found to depend on the hydroxyl content in PS(OH). Immiscibility between PMMA blocks and PS(OH) alters to miscibility when the hydroxyl content in PS(OH) reaches 1,6 mol‐%. Little effect of the relative molecular weight of PS(OH) to that of the PMMA block is found, which is different from that for AB/A‐type blends. An apparent effect of the casting solvent on the miscibility and morphology is observed. Being a proton‐acceptor solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF) considerably decreases the miscibility, and a homogeneous microphase structure appears only when the hydroxyl content reaches 10 mol‐%. This implies that the main driving force for the miscibility between PS(OH) and PMMA blocks is hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of PS(OH) and carbonyl groups of PMMA.
Antifouling activity of natural compounds through bioassays and field immersion tests (2013)

International audience
Blind adaptive equalization of  polarization-switched QPSK modulation (2011)

Coherent detection in combination with digital signal processing has recently enabled significant progress in the capacity of optical communications systems. This improvement has enabled detection of optimum constellations for optical signals in four dimensions. In this paper, we propose and investigate an algorithm for the blind adaptive equalization of one such modulation format: polarization-switched quaternary phase shift keying (PS-QPSK). The proposed algorithm, which includes both blind initialization and adaptation of the equalizer, is found to be insensitive to the input polarization state and demonstrates highly robust convergence in the presence of PDL, DGD and polarization rotation.
Incentivo à cultura maker no curso de Engenharia elétrica por meio de atividades extracurriculares (2023)

O conhecimento técnico sobre as tecnologias emergentes está se tornando cada vez mais necessário para a entrada dos estudantes de graduação em Engenharia no mercado de trabalho. Entretanto, não só o conhecimento técnico é requisitado, mas habilidades como criatividade para solução de problemas, conhecimentos interdisciplinares e adaptabilidade são importantes diferenciais. A cultura ou movimento maker, definido como a premissa de que os indivíduos podem realizar projetos e fabricações para uma finalidade específica em um ambiente de compartilhamento de conhecimento e ideias, surge como um facilitador para o estudante aprender a desenvolver essas habilidades. O conhecimento sobre softwares, novos equipamentos ou processos de fabricação não necessariamente estão presentes nas grades curriculares de ensino superior das universidades, desse modo, cria-se a necessidade de atividades extracurriculares que podem ser oferecidas pelos grupos do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET), como forma de complementar a formação do futuro engenheiro e prepará-lo para os desafios do mercado de trabalho. Tendo isso em vista, o grupo PET Engenharia Elétrica da Universidade Federal do Paraná buscou formas de incentivar a cultura maker nos discentes e na comunidade externa. Foram realizadas formações técnicas para os membros do grupo, oferecidos cursos de modelagem em CAD e impressão 3D, além da prestação de serviços, como a impressão de arcos para as Face Shields que foram entregues para os profissionais da saúde no período da pandemia de COVID-19.
Impaired Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Suppression is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Insulin Resistant Subjects (2001)

In a recent study, we found a significant association between insulin resistance (IR) and disturbed flow-associated (endothelial-dependent) vasodilation in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms linking insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction (ED) have not been fully elucidated. Experimental data have pointed out that non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) have a modulating effect on NO-synthase activity, and therefore on endothelial function. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether insulin resistance associated impaired NEFA suppression is present in subjects with ED. We examined 53 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes (32f, 21 m, mean age 35 years). Endothelial function was measured as flow-associated vasodilation (FAD%) of the brachial artery. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated with a standard hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp (insulin infusion rate of 1 mU/kg/min). While under fasting conditions, NEFA did not differ between groups with high or low FAD (0.415+/-0.033 vs. 0.394 +/- 0.040 mmol/l; p = n. s.), reduced FAD% was significantly associated with higher non-esterified fatty acids concentrations during steady state of the glucose clamp (0.072+/-0.022 vs. 0.039+/-0.016mmol/l; p=0.04). This association was independent of insulin levels under fasting conditions and during the glucose clamp. In conclusion, our results reveal a significant association between endothelial dysfunction and impaired non-esterified fatty acid suppression in insulin resistant subjects. As insulin resistance of lipolysis is a feature of the insulin resistance syndrome, these results suggest that elevated NEFA concentrations could play a role linking endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in vivo.
3D Printable Conducting and Biocompatible PEDOT‐graft‐PLA Copolymers by Direct Ink Writing (2021)

Abstract Tailor‐made polymers are needed to fully exploit the possibilities of additive manufacturing, constructing complex, and functional devices in areas such as bioelectronics. In this paper, the synthesis of a conducting and biocompatible graft copolymer which can be 3D printed using direct melting extrusion methods is shown. For this purpose, graft copolymers composed by conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and a biocompatible polymer polylactide (PLA) are designed. The PEDOT‐ g ‐PLA copolymers are synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization between 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene and PLA macromonomers. PEDOT‐ g ‐PLA copolymers with different compositions are obtained and fully characterized. The rheological characterization indicates that copolymers containing below 20 wt% of PEDOT show the right complex viscosity values suitable for direct ink writing (DIW). The 3D printing tests using the DIW methodology allows printing different parts with different shapes with high resolution (200 µm). The conductive and biocompatible printed patterns of PEDOT‐ g ‐PLA show excellent cell growth and maturation of neonatal cardiac myocytes cocultured with fibroblasts.
Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Using Enzyme‐Sensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Dye and Antibody–Quantum Dot Conjugates for Multiplexed Detection (2017)

Abstract A rapid and accurate molecular fluorescence imaging technique will greatly reduce cancer mortality by overcoming the detection limit of the naked eye in colonoscopy. Two imaging probes are reported that can be co‐used for colonoscopic diagnosis: a fluorescent molecular probe, cresyl violet–glutamic acid derivative, that ratiometrically switches between two fluorescent colors in response to the enzyme activity of λ‐glutamyltranspeptidase and an antibody quantum dot probe that is a conjugate of biocompatible AgInS 2 quantum dot with matrix metalloproteinase 14 antibodies. Validity of the probes is confirmed using human colon cancer cell lines, ex vivo mouse model tissues, and patient tumor colon tissues in which the tumor lesions are well‐visualized in less than five minutes. Co‐application of the two probes onto fresh colon tissues affords accurate visualization of carcinomas and also hyperplasia and adenoma regions. Fresh human colon adenoma tissues are also valuated, where the two probes show complementary diagnoses of cancer. Two‐photon microscopy shows the time‐dependent depth profiles of the two probes. Both rapidly permeate and populate most at 10–20 µm from the surface. Extensive toxicity studies are performed for the two probes at cellular level and also at the organ level using a small animal model.
Development of a Novel Energy System Based on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells and Power to Gas Technology for the Urban Energy Conversion and Storage (2019)

This work proposes a novel electricity-hydrogen energy system based on reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) to demonstrate the future vision of multi-energy systems on integrating multiple energy carriers such as electricity, pure hydrogen, synthetic natural gas (SNG) and mixed gas of H2-natral gas. The RSOC is specifically modelled as multi-stackable where the P2G process is sub-divided modelled by power to H2 (P2H) and power to SNG (P2SNG). The proposed electricity-hydrogen energy system optimization model is formulated as mixed integer linear programming (MILP), where the H2-blended mixed gas flow is linearized by an incremental linearize relaxation technic. The aim of the optimization is to reduce the energy cost and enhance the system's ability to integrate sufficient renewables through NG networks. Besides quantified the benefits of renewable level and H2 injection limit on the P2G process, the numerical results show that RSOC combined with H2/SNG injection results in productive economic and environmental benefits through the energy system.
Consistency and Variability of DNA Methylation in Women During Puberty, Young Adulthood, and Pregnancy (2017)

Prior DNA methylation (DNA-m) analyses have identified cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, which show either a significant change or consistency during lifetime. However, the proportion of CpGs that are neither significantly different nor consistent over time (indifferent CpGs) is unknown. We investigated the methylation dynamics, both longitudinal changes and consistency, in women from preadolescence to late pregnancy using DNA-m of peripheral blood cells. Consistency of cell type-adjusted DNA-m between paired individuals was assessed by regressing CpGs of subsequent age on the prior, stability by intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.5), and changes by linear mixed models. In the first 2 transitions (10-18 years and 18 years to early pregnancy), 19.5% and 20.9% CpGs were consistent, but only 0.35% in the third transition (from early to late pregnancy). Significant changes in methylation were found in 0.7%, 5.6%, and 0% CpGs, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses of genes with significant changes in DNA-m in early pregnancy (5.6%) showed that the maternal DNA-m seems to reflect signaling pathways between the uterus and the trophoblast. The transition from early to late pregnancy showed low consistency/stability and no changes, suggesting the presence of a large proportion of indifferent CpGs in late pregnancy.
On content-based recommendation and user privacy in social-tagging systems (2015)

Recommendation systems and content-filtering approaches based on annotations and ratings essentially rely on users expressing their preferences and interests through their actions, in order to provide personalised content. This activity, in which users engage collectively, has been named social tagging, and it is one of the most popular opportunities for users to engage online, and although it has opened new possibilities for application interoperability on the semantic web, it is also posing new privacy threats. In fact, it consists in describing online or offline resources by using free-text labels, i.e., tags, thereby exposing a user's profile and activity to privacy attacks. As a result, users may wish to adopt a privacy-enhancing strategy in order not to reveal their interests completely. Tag forgery is a privacy-enhancing technology consisting in generating tags for categories or resources that do not reflect the user's actual preferences too accurately. By modifying their profile, tag forgery may have a negative impact on the quality of the recommendation system, thus protecting user privacy to a certain extent but at the expenses of utility loss. The impact of tag forgery on content-based recommendation isconsequently investigated in a real-world application scenario where different forgery strategies are evaluated, and the resulting loss in utility is measured and compared.
Is energy pooling necessary in ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization? (2013)

The small energy pooling rate constant for THAP indicates that the potential contribution of the energy pooling mechanism to the generation of THAP matrix primary ions should be reconsidered.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Titanocene‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Object-of-interest image segmentation based on human attention and semantic region clustering (2006)

We propose a novel object-of-interest (OOI) segmentation algorithm for various images that is based on human attention and semantic region clustering. As object-based image segmentation is beyond current computer vision techniques, the proposed method segments an image into regions, which are then merged as a semantic object. At the same time, an attention window (AW) is created based on the saliency map and saliency points from an image. Within the AW, a support vector machine is used to select the salient regions, which are then clustered into the OOI using the proposed region merging. Unlike other algorithms, the proposed method allows multiple OOIs to be segmented according to the saliency map.