gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid oxidation sensitizes human leukemia cells to apoptosis induction (2009)

The traditional view is that cancer cells predominately produce ATP by glycolysis, rather than by oxidation of energy-providing substrates. Mitochondrial uncoupling--the continuing reduction of oxygen without ATP synthesis--has recently been shown in leukemia cells to circumvent the ability of oxygen to inhibit glycolysis, and may promote the metabolic preference for glycolysis by shifting from pyruvate oxidation to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here we have demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition of FAO with etomoxir or ranolazine inhibited proliferation and sensitized human leukemia cells--cultured alone or on bone marrow stromal cells--to apoptosis induction by ABT-737, a molecule that releases proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins such as Bak from antiapoptotic family members. Likewise, treatment with the fatty acid synthase/lipolysis inhibitor orlistat also sensitized leukemia cells to ABT-737, which supports the notion that fatty acids promote cell survival. Mechanistically, we generated evidence suggesting that FAO regulates the activity of Bak-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition. Importantly, etomoxir decreased the number of quiescent leukemia progenitor cells in approximately 50% of primary human acute myeloid leukemia samples and, when combined with either ABT-737 or cytosine arabinoside, provided substantial therapeutic benefit in a murine model of leukemia. The results support the concept of FAO inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy in hematological malignancies.
Low Fidelity Turbomachinery Disk Design Studies (2010)

Turbomachinery disks are highly stressed, heavy components used in virtually all axially configured gas turbines. Historically, simple plane stress models have primarily been used to quickly analyze the thickness profiles of thin compressor disks. The application of a plane stress model to a more complex system including large thermal gradients or composite materials is much less common. This paper will focus on low fidelity design studies of complex disk systems using a plane stress model. The automated design of a thick, high pressure turbine (HPT) disk with a large radial thermal gradient will be explored. This system clearly shows the limitations of a plane stress model. Discussion will focus on ways to identify and account for inaccuracies in the low fidelity turbine disk results. This paper will also explore the use of a low fidelity stress model in a fan disk design study including both isotropic and composite disk materials. This study shows that with proper assumptions, a plane stress model may be used to investigate a wide range of disk loading and geometry configurations in much less time than would be needed with higher fidelity tools. As examples, hardware from the GE E3 HPT and GE90 fan will be investigated using the disk design program T-Axi Disk. With proper assumptions and an understanding of the stress model, complex disk systems can be designed and optimized accurately at a low fidelity level. The time savings from using a low fidelity tool allows the designer to perform design studies that would be much more difficult or expensive using higher fidelity tools.
Subpixel response of SOI pixel sensor for X-ray astronomy with pinned depleted diode: first result from mesh experiment (2019)

We have been developing a monolithic active pixel sensor, ``XRPIX``, for the Japan led future X-ray astronomy mission ``FORCE`` observing the X-ray sky in the energy band of 1-80 keV with angular resolution of better than 15``. XRPIX is an upper part of a stack of two sensors of an imager system onboard FORCE, and covers the X-ray energy band lower than 20 keV. The XRPIX device consists of a fully depleted high-resistivity silicon sensor layer for X-ray detection, a low resistivity silicon layer for CMOS readout circuit, and a buried oxide layer in between, which is fabricated with 0.2 $\mu$ m CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Each pixel has a trigger circuit with which we can achieve a 10 $\mu$ s time resolution, a few orders of magnitude higher than that with X-ray astronomy CCDs. We recently introduced a new type of a device structure, a pinned depleted diode (PDD), in the XRPIX device, and succeeded in improving the spectral performance, especially in a readout mode using the trigger function. In this paper, we apply a mesh experiment to the XRPIX devices for the first time in order to study the spectral response of the PDD device at the subpixel resolution. We confirmed that the PDD structure solves the significant degradation of the charge collection efficiency at the pixel boundaries and in the region under the pixel circuits, which is found in the single SOI structure, the conventional type of the device structure. On the other hand, the spectral line profiles are skewed with low energy tails and the line peaks slightly shift near the pixel boundaries, which contribute to a degradation of the energy resolution.
Optimal differentiation based on stochastic signal models (1991)

The problem of estimating the time derivative of a signal from sampled measurements is addressed. The measurements may be corrupted by colored noise. A key idea is to use stochastic models of the signal to be differentiated and of the measurement noise. Two approaches are suggested. The first is based on a continuous-time stochastic process as a model of the signal. The second uses a discrete-time ARMA model of the signal and a discrete-time approximation of the derivative operator. Digital differentiators are presented in a shift operator polynomial form. They minimize the mean-square estimation error, and are calculated from a linear polynomial equation and a polynomial spectral factorization. The three obstacles to perfect differentiation, namely a finite smoothing lag, measurement noise, and aliasing effects due to sampling, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance of a Neural Network Receiver under Mismatch of Channel Training Samples (2022)

Data-driven frameworks for wireless communications systems are currently attracting a lot of attention from researchers and practitioners alike. These frameworks based on machine learning (ML) algorithms and neural networks (NN s) architectures, are capable of solving a broad variety of tasks in the wireless communications domain as, for exam-ple, signal detection, channel estimation, channel coding and modulation classification. Moreover, these tasks are solved at a reduced computational cost in comparison to classic model-driven frameworks such as the maximum likelihood for signal detection, for instance. However, data-driven frameworks depend heavily on the dataset available, so that ML algorithms and NNs could be able to actually learn from data and optimize their parameters to solve such tasks at hand. This contrasts to the model-driven frameworks that inherently impart specialized domain knowledge and thus do not require to learn from data. Therefore, a mismatch between the dataset used for training and the actual data may severely degrade the performance of ML algorithms and NN s, especially in practical scenarios where the data statistics and distribution are unknown. In this work we analyze a recently proposed NN for detecting compressed signals, under practical scenarios of dataset samples mismatch, where channel delay profile and statistics mismatches are considered. Numerical results generated by computer simulations show that the NN is robust to statistics mismatches, whereas a significant degradation in performance is observed for channel delay profile mismatches.
Microsomal Acetaldehyde Oxidation is Negligible in the Presence of Ethanol (1998)

The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS), inducible by ethanol and acetone, oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, which causes many toxic effects associated with excess ethanol. Recent studies reported that rat liver microsomes also oxidize acetaldehyde, thereby challenging the validity of the assessment of MEOS activity by measuring acetaldehyde production and suggesting that MEOS activity results in the accumulation not of acetaldehyde but, rather, of its less toxic metabolite, acetate. To address these issues, we compared both metabolic rates of ethanol and acetaldehyde and the effect of ethanol on the acetaldehyde metabolism. Liver microsomes were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats induced either with acetone for 3 days or ethanol for 3 weeks. NADPH-dependent acetaldehyde (300 microM) metabolism was measured in two ways: (1) by detection of acetaldehyde disappearance by headspace gas chromatography, and (2) by assessment of acetaldehyde oxidation by liquid scintillation counting of acetate formed from [1,2-14C]acetaldehyde. Ethanol (50 mM) oxidation was measured by gas chromatography. In acetone- and ethanol-induced rat liver microsomes, the acetaldehyde disappearance (p < 0.0001) and oxidation (p < 0.0001) rates were both significantly increased. The rates of acetaldehyde oxidation paralleled those of p-nitrophenol hydroxylation (r = 0.974, p < 0.0001), with a Km of 82+/-14 microM and a Vmax of 4.8+/-0.5 nmol/min/mg protein in acetone-induced microsomes. Acetaldehyde disappearance in acetone-induced microsomes and acetaldehyde oxidation in acetone-induced and ethanol-induced microsomes were significantly lower than the corresponding ethanol oxidation, with rates (nmol/min/mg protein) of 4.6+/-0.6 versus 9.0+/-0.8 (p < 0.005), 4.4+/-0.3 versus 9.1+/-0.5 (p < 0.0005), and 14.0+/-0.9 versus 19.5+/-1.8 (p < 0.05), respectively. The presence of 50 mM ethanol decreased this metabolism to 0.9+/-0.3 (p < 0.005), 0.5+/-0.1 (p < 0.001), and 1.8+/-0.3 (p < 0.001), resulting in rates of acetaldehyde metabolism of only 9.8+/-3.2%, 6.0+/-0.5%, and 9.5+/-1.2% (respectively) of those of ethanol oxidation. In conclusion, rat liver microsomes oxidize acetaldehyde at much lower rates than ethanol, and this acetaldehyde metabolism is strikingly inhibited by ethanol. Accordingly, acetaldehyde formation provides an accurate assessment of MEOS activity. Furthermore, because acetaldehyde production vastly exceeds its oxidation, the net result of MEOS activity is the accumulation of this toxic metabolite.
Datagram Transport Layer Security Version 1.2 (2012)

This document specifies version 1.2 of the Datagram Transport Layer
Security (DTLS) protocol. The DTLS protocol provides communications
privacy for datagram protocols. The protocol allows client/server
applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent
eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. The DTLS protocol is
based on the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and provides
equivalent security guarantees. Datagram semantics of the underlying
transport are preserved by the DTLS protocol. This document updates
DTLS 1.0 to work with TLS version 1.2. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Intensive Rotifer Production in a Pilot‐scale Continuous Culture Recirculating System Using Nonviable Microalgae and an Ammonia Neutralizer (2008)

Abstract A study was conducted to test the performance of a high‐density (&gt;3000 individuals/mL) continuous recirculating system for rotifers ( B. rotundiformis ) fed nonviable Nannochloropsis oculata and using sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate to neutralize ammonia. Three different microalgae feed rates (g of N. oculata [68 × 10 9 cells/mL] per million rotifers/d) were tested in successive trials. In Trial 1 (feed rate = 1.5), during a 30‐d period, rotifers were harvested daily to 3000 individuals/mL, for an average yield of 178 million/d. Feed efficiency (million rotifers/g/d) was 0.33. In Trial 2 (feed rate = 1.1), during a 32‐d period, an average of 106 million rotifers were harvested daily, and feed efficiency was 0.26. In Trial 3 (feed rate = 1.3), during a 30‐d period, an average of 107 million rotifers was harvested daily, and feed efficiency was 0.23. An economic analysis based on a feed rate of 1.5 showed that production cost was 40% lower than the traditional batch culture method (US$ 0.29 vs. 0.46 per million rotifers/d). The continuous culture system tested reliably produced large quantities of rotifers on a daily basis without the use of a biofilter and with a lower production cost than a batch culture system.
Instantaneous mechanical properties (2019)

This chapter describes the influence of the introduction of recycled aggregates (RA) on the instantaneous properties of concrete. In the first part, existing models linking compressive and tensile strength and elastic modulus of natural aggregates concretes (NAC) to their mix design are validated and adapted for recycled aggregates concrete (RAC). These models make it possible to consider properly and on a case-by-case basis the respective quality of NA and RA in the mix design process of RAC. In the second part, more global and statistical models describe the effect of the introduction of RA on compressive and tensile strength, elastic modulus, and peak and ultimate. This section provides elements of reflection for an extension of the design codes to the case of RAC. It was thus pointed out that design codes relationships dedicated to assess the mechanical properties and the stress–strain compressive curve of NAC are not adequate to predict the behavior of RAC. It is established that the elastic modulus E cm, the tensile splitting strength f ctm,sp, the peak strain ε c1 and the ultimate strain ε cu1 are related to the mean compressive strength f cm and to a parameter taking into account the effect of the recycled aggregates replacement rate. Furthermore, an analytical stress–strain expression is proposed for concretes incorporating recycled aggregates.
Pyrene-Based Materials for Organic Electronics (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTPyrene-Based Materials for Organic ElectronicsTeresa M. Figueira-Duarte† and Klaus Müllen*‡View Author Information† BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany‡ Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, P.O. Box 3148, Mainz, GermanyE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 11, 7260–7314Publication Date (Web):July 11, 2011Publication History Received14 December 2010Published online11 July 2011Published inissue 9 November 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100428ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100428areview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31534Altmetric-Citations1332LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Dendrons,Diodes,Fluorescence,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Human In Vitro Fertilization (1981)

RECENT successes with in vitro fertilization (IVF) in England by Patrick C. Steptoe, MD, and Robert Edwards, PhD, have led to a tremendous upsurge of interest in human extra-corporeal fertilization. Such interests are heightened by the large number of women for whom the development of human IVF would represent the most likely opportunity for fertility. Based on the state of the art today,<sup>1</sup>the eventual application of IVF for the treatment of female infertility caused by tubal pathological conditions would seem assured. Virginia has now licensed the first clinic at Norfolk. In vitro fertilization raises several ethical issues that have been debated in scientific literature and the popular press.<sup>2-4</sup>As a result of the controversy, the former Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW), now the Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS), imposed a de facto moratorium by prohibiting federal funding for human IVF research in the
ChemInform Abstract: ETHER DERIVATIVES OF OXIMES WITH A CARBOSTYRIL RING. 4. SYNTHESES AND β‐BLOCKING ACTIVITIES (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem Carbostyrilderivat (III) [zugänglich aus (l)] werden ‐ wie im Formelschema skizziert ‐ die Oximether (XIIIa), (XIIIb) bzw. (XlVa) synthetisiert.
Cross‐over study in hyperammonemia patients for efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a new lactulose preparation (SK‐1202) compared to approved drug (2018)

It is expected that SK-1202 could represent a useful agent for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Demonstration of uniform 6x6 GaN p-i-n UV avalanche photodiode arrays (2021)

Front-illuminated <i>p-i-n</i> GaN-based ultraviolet (UV) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on 25 mm dia. bulk Ammono® <i>n</i>-GaN substrate having a low etch pit density (EPD) less than 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> [cm<sup>-2</sup>] and processed into 6×6 APD arrays. The devices employed N-ion implantation to achieve sidewall passivation. Evaluation of these 6×6 arrays will help to confirm the uniformity of the epitaxial materials and device processing. The maximum avalanche gain reached ~ 3×10<sup>5</sup> at the breakdown (current limited). The dark current density was 10<sup>-9</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at reverse bias up to -20 V and the APDs exhibited a reverse breakdown voltage of 81 &plusmn; 1 V for all 36 devices without any leaky devices, confirming a high uniformity of the growth and fabrication processes.
In vitro cytotoxicity testing of a nanocrystalline silver dressing (Acticoat) on cultured keratinocytes (2004)

Acticoat is a polyethylene mesh coated with nanocrystalline silver. It has been used widely as a dressing for chronic wounds, acute partial-thickness burn wounds and donor sites. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of Acticoat on cultured keratinocytes is tested. Human keratinocytes are cultivated on a pliable hyaluronate-derived membrane (Laserskin) using dermal fibroblasts as the feeder layer. When the cultured Laserskin (CLS) is subconfluent it is covered by Acticoat, which is exposed to water (Group 1), phosphate-buffered saline (Group 2) or culture medium (Group 3). The control group is not exposed to the Acticoat. After 30 minutes incubation at 37 degrees C, the inhibitory effect of the nanocrystalline silver on keratinocyte growth is measured by an MTT assay. Compared with the control, the relative viability of the CLS dropped to 0%, 0% and 9.3%, respectively. Thus, Acticoat is cytotoxic to cultured keratinocytes and should not be applied as a topical dressing on cultured skin grafts.
Rapid Deployment of UAVs Based on Bandwidth Resources in Emergency Scenarios (2020)

In an air-space-ground integrated network for emergency scenario, assisted by the satellites, the UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are used as base stations that serve the ground users to recover the communications of the disaster area. The deployment delay of the UAVs greatly affects the rescue efficiency. Meanwhile, due to limited number of the UAVs, each UAV should spare it effort to serve the ground users. In the aim of solving above problems, we have designed a method for deploying UAVs. In this paper, we study how to minimize the number and deployment delay of UAVs, which is divided into three steps to solve the problem of UAVs' deployment. First, a K-Means algorithm (UB-K-Means) based on users' bandwidth requirements is proposed to cluster the ground users and determine the two-dimensional coordinates of UAVs. With such cluster algorithm, the UAVs' number can be decreased. In addition, we considered the bandwidth carried by the UAV. Then, the UAV's transmit power, the channel gain of per unit distance, the threshold of SNR, the ground user's noise power, and the UAV's coverage radius is used to determine the UAV's altitude. Finally, the UAVs are deployed to the specified location with the goal of minimizing deployment delays. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a small number of UAVs and a low deployment delay.
A Communication-Less Multimode Control Approach for Adaptive Power Sharing in Ship-Based Seaport Microgrid (2021)

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector together with the continued depletion of fossil fuels in general has encouraged an increase in the use of energy storage systems and renewable energy sources at seaports and also on short route yachts and ferries. At present, most seaports, particularly smaller ones, are not provided with cold-ironing facilities—shore-based power facilities, which provide electric power to ships from the national grid. Because of the lack of cold-ironing facilities at most ports, auxiliary diesel engines and diesel generators on ships must be kept operating and online while at berth to supply auxiliary loads of ship. To address these requirements, one possible solution would be to provide cold-ironing facilities at all ports. However, in many circumstances, this is not cost-efficient as a port might be far from the national grid. To overcome these limitations, a seaport microgrid can be formed through the integration of multiple shipboard microgrids (SMGs) with decentralized control together with a charging infrastructure that is located on-shore. This integration of multiple SMGs and port-based charging stations is termed a ship-based seaport microgrid. Typically, power is shared among different microgrids using data communication techniques, which adds to the cost and the complexity of the overall system. This article proposes a communication-less approach based on multimode, decentralized droop control that enables power sharing among several SMGs in both charging and discharging modes based on the state of charge of battery banks—electric power is either supplied or consumed. The proposed approach would be potentially useful for future autonomous ships and also for islands where port electrification is either not technically feasible or an economically viable solution. A simulation and hardware-in-the-loop results are provided to verify the control robustness of the proposed control strategy.