gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EAACI guidelines on environmental science in allergic diseases and asthma – Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop a causality model in exposomics (2023)

Allergic diseases and asthma are intrinsically linked to the environment we live in and to patterns of exposure. The integrated approach to understanding the effects of exposures on the immune system includes the ongoing collection of large-scale and complex data. This requires sophisticated methods to take full advantage of what this data can offer. Here we discuss the progress and further promise of applying artificial intelligence and machine-learning approaches to help unlock the power of complex environmental data sets toward providing causality models of exposure and intervention. We discuss a range of relevant machine-learning paradigms and models including the way such models are trained and validated together with examples of machine learning applied to allergic disease in the context of specific environmental exposures as well as attempts to tie these environmental data streams to the full representative exposome. We also discuss the promise of artificial intelligence in personalized medicine and the methodological approaches to healthcare with the final AI to improve public health.
Negative differential conductance in two-dimensional electron grids (2008)

Negative differential conductance has been observed in grid-shaped surface superlattices, realized in a high mobility two-dimensional electron system. The current-voltage characteristics vary with the modulation strength, indicating that the two-dimensional electronic transport properties can be manipulated in a controllable way. Theoretical modeling yields reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Effects of topical application of aqueous solutions of hexoses on epidermal permeability barrier recovery rate after barrier disruption (2011)

Previous studies have suggested that hexose molecules influence the stability of phospholipid bilayers. Therefore, the effects of topical application of all 12 stereoisomers of dextro-hexose on the epidermal barrier recovery rate after barrier disruption were evaluated. Immediately after tape stripping, 0.1 m aqueous solution of each hexose was applied on hairless mouse skin. Among the eight dextro-aldohexoses, topical application of altose, idose, mannose and talose accelerated the barrier recovery, while allose, galactose, glucose and gulose had no effect. Among the four dextro-ketohexoses, psicose, fructose, sorbose and tagatose all accelerated the barrier recovery. As the effects of hexoses on the barrier recovery rate appeared within 1 h, the mechanism is unlikely to be genomic. Instead, these hexoses may influence phase transition of the lipid bilayers of lamellar bodies and cell membrane, a crucial step in epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.
Guided self-instructions for people with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial (2008)

A minimal intervention, based on cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome and consisting of self-instructions combined with email contact, was tested in a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN27293439). A total of 171 patients participated in the trial: 85 were allocated to the intervention condition and 86 to the waiting-list condition. All patients met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. An intention-to-treat analysis showed a significant decrease in fatigue and disability after self-instruction. The level of disability was negatively correlated with treatment outcome. Guided self-instructions are an effective treatment for patients with relatively less severe chronic fatigue syndrome.
<title>Circular-edge spatial frequency response test</title> (2003)

A new method for testing the resolution of digital cameras has been developed. The new method is an extension of the ISO 12233 Slanted-edge Spatial Frequency Response test. The new method computes the spatial frequency response along the edge of a circle. It is especially well adapted to inexpensive imaging systems with rotationally symmetric blur and lens distortion. In addition to presenting the new method, a set of practical improvements, which can be applied to both the slanted-edge and circular-edge methods, is described.
Comparison of video-based and sensor-based head impact exposure (2017)

Abstract Previous research has sought to quantify head impact exposure using wearable kinematic sensors. However, many sensors suffer from poor accuracy in estimating impact kinematics and count, motivating the need for additional independent impact exposure quantification for comparison. Here, we equipped seven collegiate American football players with instrumented mouthguards, and video recorded practices and games to compare video-based and sensor-based exposure rates and impact location distributions. Over 50 player-hours, we identified 271 helmet contact periods in video, while the instrumented mouthguard sensor recorded 2,032 discrete head impacts. Matching video and mouthguard real-time stamps yielded 193 video-identified helmet contact periods and 217 sensor-recorded impacts. To compare impact locations, we binned matched impacts into frontal, rear, side, oblique, and top locations based on video observations and sensor kinematics. While both video-based and sensor-based methods found similar location distributions, our best method utilizing integrated linear and angular position only correctly predicted 81 of 217 impacts. Finally, based on the activity timeline from video assessment, we also developed a new exposure metric unique to American football quantifying number of cross-verified sensor impacts per player-play. We found significantly higher exposure during games (0.35, 95% CI: 0.29-0.42) than practices (0.20, 95% CI: 0.17-0.23) (p&lt;0.05). In the traditional impacts per player-hour metric, we observed higher exposure during practices (4.7) than games (3.7) due to increased player activity in practices. Thus, our exposure metric accounts for variability in on-field participation. While both video-based and sensor-based exposure datasets have limitations, they can complement one another to provide more confidence in exposure statistics.
Quantitative Sulphur Dioxide Retrievals from AIRS, MODIS and HIRS (Abstract Only) (2004)

A group of algorithms is presented for retrieving lower stratosphere/upper stratosphere sulfur dioxide from the infrared channels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and High resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) satellite instruments. The retrieval mechanisms all utilize the same principle of detecting the strength of absorption by the anti-symmetric stretch of the sulfur dioxide molecule centered around 1360 cm(-1), even though the retrieval mechanisms are tailored to the strength of each instrument. AIRS represents this region of the infrared spectrum with over 130 channels. MODIS provides a broadband measure of the 7.34 micrometer absorption feature and also up to 4 measurements a day from two satellites. The retrievals are not as accurate as those from AIRS. HIRS also offers broadband measurements and a lower spatial resolution than MODIS. However, these data are complemented by simultaneous measurements of atmospheric moisture, temperature, clouds ozone, and radioactive parameters and the data span almost 25 years.
Management of a smart grid with controlled-delivery of discrete levels of energy (2013)

At time of energy shortage electrical grids may be exposed to consumption uncertainties, overloads and ultimately power failures. The main reason is that, at present, the response of the power provider to increasing demand is lagging after requests for power are made. In this paper, we examine a different request-supply approach where the amount of delivered power must be requested beforehand. The power is then supplied in compliance with the physical, economical, and management limits of the distribution loop (DT), and in accordance with scenarios, such as a sudden demand surge or supply shortage. As proposed recently, in the controllable-delivery power grid, delivery of electrical power is made through discrete power levels directly to customers. The customer's addresses are embedded in the electrical signal, and smart loads associated to customers curve the consumed power and provide reactive stability to the DTs. We analyze an approach for distributing electrical power, where the capacity of the DT is capped by the average of the requested power (and therefore introduces a very stringent requirement). In cases of power shortage, the DT is scheduled by using a round-robin model. We show that a DT can satisfy about 98% of power requests in scenarios of energy scarcity and beyond 99% by adding small safety margins. Further advantages are seen when unused energy is stored in local distributed storage elements (cloud storage) during supply surges and used in time of demand peaks. This grid proposal is advantageous for green power distribution because it enables a direct exchange of energy between customers and local suppliers at the discretion of the grid manager.
Security analysis of optical encryption (2005)

This paper analyzes the security of amplitude encoding for double random phase encryption. We describe several types of attack. The system is found to be resistant to brute-force attacks but vulnerable to chosen and known plaintext attacks.
MoO3 in Self‐Organized TiO2 Nanotubes for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity (2009)

Self-organized nanostructures (nanotubes and nanopores) consisting of TiO2-MoO3 were grown on Ti-Mo substrates with different Mo contents (7 wt % Mo, 20 wt % Mo, and 35 wt % Mo) by electrochemical anodization. The photocatalytic activity of these oxide layers was compared with TiO2 nanotubes. The results show clearly that MoO3 doping of about 7 wt % (Ti 7Mo in picture) strongly enhances the achievable photodegradation ability of titania nanotubes.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex DNA from an Extinct Bison Dated 17,000 Years before the Present (2001)

In order to assess the presence of tuberculosis in Pleistocene bison and the origin of tuberculosis in North America, 2 separate DNA extractions were performed by 2 separate laboratories on samples from the metacarpal of an extinct long-horned bison that was radiocarbon dated at 17,870+/-230 years before present and that had pathological changes suggestive of tuberculosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification isolated fragments of tuberculosis DNA, which were sequenced, and on which spoligotyping was also performed to help determine its relationship to the various members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Extensive precautions against contamination with modern M. tuberculosis complex DNA were employed, including analysis of paleontologic and modern specimens in 2 geographically separate laboratories.
Potential of a new strain ofBacillus subtilisCPA-8 to control the major postharvest diseases of fruit (2010)

Biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis strain CPA-8 was tested against the main postharvest diseases of orange, apple and stone fruit. Previously, CPA-8 growth was characterized and its antifungal activity in vitro determined against Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, and P. italicum. In vivo activity against these pathogens was tested by treating fruits with cells, endospores or cell free supernatants. CPA-8 treatments cannot control decay caused by P. digitatum and P. italicum on oranges. The higher concentrations of CPA-8 studied were effective in controlling B. cinerea on apple, showing grey mold incidence from 70 to 12.5% in comparison with 100% in the control. However, in general, CPA-8 treatments were not effective in controlling P. expansum. The best results of CPA-8 treatments were obtained in stone fruit against M. laxa and M. fructicola where most treatments resulted in brown rot incidence of 0% compared with 70 and 90% in the control. Based on these results, cultures, cells and cell free supernatants at different concentrations were tested against M. laxa and M. fructicola on stone fruit. Most bacterial concentrations were effective in controlling M. laxa and M. fructicola as well as or better than Serenade® Max, in some treatments showing brown rot incidences of 0% in comparison with 100% of control. Bacterial populations of CPA-8 were maintained stable or increased up to 2-log inside wounds, showing the ability of the bacteria to colonize injured tissues. Experimental evidence suggests that B. subtilis CPA-8 has biocontrol potential for control of postharvest disease on several fruit types.
Magneto-optical coupling in whispering-gallery-mode resonators (2015)

We demonstrate that yttrium iron garnet microspheres support optical whispering-gallery modes similar to those in nonmagnetic dielectric materials. The direction of the ferromagnetic moment tunes both the resonant frequency via the Voigt effect as well as the degree of polarization rotation via the Faraday effect. An understanding of the magneto-optical coupling in whispering-gallery modes, where the propagation direction rotates with respect to the magnetization, is fundamental to the emerging field of cavity optomagnonics.
Monocular Vision-Based Parameter Estimation for Mobile Robotic Painting (2018)

Interior wall painting is widely used in construction, installation repair, decoration, and other construction industry. By replacing human manual operation, robotic painting is developed to improve efficiency and reduce the cost. This paper proposes a painting parameters estimation scheme for robotic painting process. The parameter estimation system is built on a single camera, a laser level, and four laser distance sensors. The camera's intrinsic parameters are obtained by a system calibration method. The relative position between the robot and the wall is obtained through the single-image measurement. The wall plane equation and the position of paint-start point are calculated from the measurement system. The experiments are conducted in actual interior wall painting task for a construction robot. Compared with other methods and systems, the proposed scheme for painting robot demonstrates superior accuracy performance and is effective, simple, and easy implementation.
Design and Performance Investigation of a Dual-Element PIFA Array at 2.5 GHz for MIMO Terminal (2007)

A study is described of a modified planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) operating in 2.5 GHz band on a printed circuit board (PCB) of a mobile phone handset. The antenna dimension is reduced substantially with a miniature ground plane and capacitive loading. While inheriting the attractive features of PIFAs, such as low profile, easy fabrication and low cost, the proposed antenna exhibits low coupling to the PCB. A dual-element PIFA array is implemented on a mobile handset PCB and the diversity performance of the dual-element PIFA array is evaluated in both simulation and measurement.
Rho GEF Lsc is required for normal polarization, migration, and adhesion of formyl-peptide–stimulated neutrophils (2005)

Neutrophil migration requires continuous reorganization of the cytoskeleton and cellular adhesion apparatus. Chemoattractants initiate intracellular signals that direct this reorganization. The signaling pathways that link chemoattractant receptors to the cytoskeleton and cellular adhesion apparatus are now being defined. Formyl-peptide chemoattractants released from bacteria stimulate G-protein-linked receptors on the surface of neutrophils and regulate the neutrophil cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus through RhoA-dependent pathways. Lsc is a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor that binds the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits, Galpha12 and Galpha13. We have disrupted the Lsc gene and demonstrated that formyl-peptide-stimulated Lsc knock-out (KO) neutrophils are unable to generate and sustain a single-dominant pseudopod and migrate with increased speed and reduced directionality. Unexpectedly, we also found that Lsc is required for normal beta2- and beta1-integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion. Lsc-deficient mice have a peripheral leukocytosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis, demonstrating that Lsc is required for leukocyte homeostasis. Lsc-deficient neutrophils are recruited normally to sites of bacterial peritonitis and chemical dermatitis, indicating that other signaling pathways compensate for the Lsc deficiency in some forms of inflammation. These results demonstrate that Lsc links formyl-peptide receptors to RhoA signaling pathways that regulate polarization, migration, and adhesion in neutrophils and that Lsc is required for leukocyte homeostasis.
4‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Coumarins with Large Stokes Shifts: Synthesis, Bioconjugates, and Their Use in Super‐Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy (2013)

Bright and photostable fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts are widely used as sensors, molecular probes, and light-emitting markers in chemistry, life sciences, and optical microscopy. In this study, new 7-dialkylamino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarins have been designed for use in bioconjugation reactions and optical microscopy. Their synthesis was based on the Stille reaction of 3-chloro-4-trifluoromethylcoumarins and available (hetero)aryl- or (hetero)arylethenyltin derivatives. Alternatively, the acylation of 2-trifluoroacetyl-5-dialkylaminophenols with available (hetero)aryl- or (hetero)arylethenylacetic acids followed by intramolecular condensation afforded coumarins with 3-(hetero)aryl or 3-[2-(hetero)aryl]ethenyl groups. Hydrophilic properties were provided by the introduction of a sulfonic acid residue or by phosphorylation of a primary hydroxy group attached at C-4 of the 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline fragment fused to the coumarin fluorophore. For use in immunolabeling procedures, the dyes were decorated with an (activated) carboxy group. The positions of the absorption and emission maxima vary in the ranges 413-480 and 527-668 nm, respectively. The phosphorylated dye, 9,CH=CH-2-py,H, with the 1-(3-carboxypropyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline fragment fused to the coumarin fluorophore bearing the 3-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl] residue (absorption and emission maxima at 472 and 623 nm, respectively) was used in super-resolution light microscopy with stimulated emission depletion and provided an optical resolution better than 70 nm with a low background signal. As a result of their large Stokes shifts, good fluorescence quantum yields, and adequate photostabilities, phosphorylated coumarins enable two-color imaging (using several excitation sources and a single depletion laser) to be combined with subdiffractional optical resolution.
Photon-assisted tunneling at the atomic scale: Probing resonant Andreev reflections from Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states (2020)

Tunneling across superconducting junctions proceeds by a rich variety of processes, which transfer single electrons, Cooper pairs, or even larger numbers of electrons by multiple Andreev reflections. Photon-assisted tunneling combined with the venerable Tien-Gordon model has long been a powerful tool to identify tunneling processes between superconductors. Here, we probe superconducting tunnel junctions including an impurity-induced Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) state by exposing a scanning tunneling microscope with a superconducting tip to microwave radiation. We find that a simple Tien-Gordon description describes tunneling of single electrons and Cooper pairs into the bare substrate, but breaks down for tunneling via YSR states by resonant Andreev reflections. We develop an improved theoretical description which is in excellent agreement with the data. Our results establish photon-assisted tunneling as a powerful tool to analyze tunneling processes at the atomic scale which should be particularly informative for unconventional and topological superconductors.
Measurement of breakage energy of coarse granular aggregates (2009)

Particle breakage of coarse granular aggregates changes its structure directly, influencing its dilatancy and friction angle. In the course of shearing, normal stress and shear stress do work on volume strain and shear strain. This energy is transformed into particle elastic energy storage, particle friction energy consumption, work done by particle dilatancy and particle breakage energy. The accurate measurement on breakage energy of coarse granular aggregates in the course of shearing aims that it provides a method to analyze the particle breakage influence on constitutive relation in the perspective of energy, creating conditions for development of coarse granular aggregates constitutive relations considering particle breakage. The breakage energy of coarse granular aggregates in the course of shearing is calculated by analyzing the results of the coarse granular aggregates in triaxial compression test. The results indicate that the breakage energy during triaxial tests is mainly influenced by confining stress and friction coefficient.
Fabrication and Upconversion Luminescent Properties of Er 3+ ‐Doped and Er 3+ /Yb 3+ Codoped La 2 O 2 CN 2 Nanofibers (2015)

La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ and La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ upconversion (UC) luminescence nanofibers were successfully fabricated via cyanamidation of the respective relevant La 2 O 3 :Er 3+ and La 2 O 3 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ nanofibers which were obtained by calcining the electrospun composite nanofibers. The morphologies, structures, and properties of the nanofibers are investigated. The mean diameters of La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ and La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ nanofibers are 179.46 ± 12.58 nm and 198.85 ± 17.07 nm, respectively. It is found that intense green and weak red emissions around 524, 542, and 658 nm corresponding to the 2 H 11/2 → 4 I 15/2 , 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 , and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I l5/2 energy levels transitions of Er 3+ ions are observed for La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ and La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ nanofibers under the excitation of a 980‐nm diode laser. Moreover, the emitting colors of La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ and La 2 O 2 CN 2 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ nanofibers are all located in the green region. The upconversion luminescent mechanism and formation mechanism of the nanofibers are also proposed.
The Chemistry of the Organic Isocyanates. (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of the Organic Isocyanates.J. H. Saunders and R. J. SlocombeCite this: Chem. Rev. 1948, 43, 2, 203–218Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60135a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60135a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3694Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts