gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer vision for real-time monitoring of shrinkage for peas dried in a fluidized bed dryer (2019)

This research work was focused on the use of computer vision (CV) to monitor in real-time, the shrinkage of peas drying in a fluidized bed dryer. The experiment was conducted at a constant air velocity of 10 m/s, and at temperature levels of 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. Shrinkage was monitored separately with a real-time and an offline CV system. The monitoring was carried out by measuring the area, perimeter, and the diameter of peas at specific intervals during the drying process. A real-time CV algorithm has been developed to compute the average area, perimeter, and diameter at each interval, by detecting and analyzing only seeds that were within the region of focus of the camera. The result from the offline method showed a steady increase in shrinkage as drying progressed. Similarly, the results from the real-time shrinkage curve, from 0 to 15 min were similar to those on the offline curve. At the end of the study, it was noted that areas of improvement which could enhance the results of the real-time method are needed.
The Seek of Neuroprotection: Introducing Cannabinoids (2007)

The cannabinoid system is constituted by some endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids), usually arachydonic acid derivatives, and their specific receptors. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in the control of synaptic transmission, modulating memory, motivation, movement, nociception, appetite and thermoregulation. ECS also exert extraneural effects, mainly immunomodulation and vasodilation. Two cannabinoid receptors have been cloned so far: CB(1) receptors are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) but can also be found in glial cells and in peripheral tissues; CB(1) receptors are Gi/o protein coupled receptors that modulate the activity of several plasma membrane proteins and intracellular signaling pathways. CB(2) receptors are also Gi/o protein-coupled receptors; although it is accepted that CB(2) receptors are not expressed in forebrain neurons, they have been described in activated glia. Some of the cannabinoids activate other receptors, for instance vanilloid receptors (TRPV1). Lately, the ECS is emerging as a natural system of neuroprotection. This consideration is based on some properties of cannabinoids as their vasodilatory effect, the inhibition of the release of excitotoxic amino acids and cytokines, and the modulation of oxidative stress and toxic production of nitric oxide. Such effects have been demonstrated in adult and newborn animal models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions, and postulate cannabinoids as valuable neuroprotective agents. Patents related to cannabinoid receptors are also discussed.
Microscopic Polyangiitis Associated with Marked Systemic Bleeding Tendency Caused by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (2003)

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of severe dyspnea due to pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive renal failure. The patient was positive for perinuclear pattern anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) and was manifested with gastrointestinal bleeding and brain hemorrhage. Thus, she was diagnosed as having microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Laboratory examination demonstrated severe thrombocytopenia, increased prothrombin time and a high concentration of fibrin degradation products. In addition, the elevated plasma levels of D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex and plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex led us to make a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Complication of DIC was considered to have caused further deterioration in bleeding tendency due to MPA in the present case. The patient was treated with plasma exchange, hemodialysis, administration of corticosteroid including pulse therapy and cyclophosphamide. Continuous infusion of gabexate mesilate proved effective for improvement of systemic bleeding tendency. However, she finally died of severe infectious diseases. In conclusion, it is suggested that ANCA-associated vasculitis could be accompanied by DIC and gabexate mesilate may be a useful therapeutic agent for these disorders.
Establishment of a Pilot Newborn Screening Program for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Saint-Petersburg (2023)

Spinal muscular atrophy 5q (SMA) is the most common neuromuscular inherited disease in neonates which is associated with homozygous deletion of exon 7 in the SMN1 gene. Recently established drugs can improve the motor functions of SMA infants when treated in the pre-symptomatic stage. With aim of providing an early diagnosis, newborn screening (NBS) for SMA using real-time PCR assay with dried blood spots (DBS) was performed in Saint-Petersburg from January 2022 through November 2022. Here, 36,140 newborns were screened by GenomeX real-time PCR-based screening test, and three genotypes were determined. Homozygous deletion carriers (4 newborns), heterozygous carriers (772 newborns) and wild-type individuals (35,364 newborns) were identified. All four newborns screened positive for homozygous SMN1 deletion were confirmed by alternate methods. Two of the newborns had two copies of SMN2, and two of the newborns had three copies. We determined Saint-Petersburg spinal muscular atrophy incidence of 1 in 9,035 and SMA carrier frequency of 1 in 47. In conclusion, it can be summarized that providing both timely SMN1 information and confirmation along with SMN2 copy number as part of SMA newborn screening algorithm can significantly improve clinical follow-up, family members testing, and SMA patients' treatment.
Ultrafast-pulse diagnostic using third-order frequency-resolved optical gating in organic films (2004)

We report on the diagnostic of ultrafast pulses by frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) based on strong third-harmonic generation (THG) in amorphous organic thin films. The high THG conversion efficiency of these films allows for the characterization of sub-nanojoule short pulses emitting at telecommunication wavelengths using a low cost portable fiber spectrometer.
Multiplex SARS-CoV-2 Genotyping PCR for Population-Level Variant Screening and Epidemiologic Surveillance (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning phenotypic mutations is of public health interest. Genomic surveillance is an important tool for pandemic response, but many laboratories do not have the resources to support population-level sequencing. We hypothesized that a spike genotyping nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) could facilitate high-throughput variant surveillance. Methods We designed and analytically validated a one-step multiplex allele-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect three non-synonymous spike protein mutations (L452R, E484K, N501Y). Assay specificity was validated with next-generation whole-genome sequencing. We then screened a large cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive specimens from our San Francisco Bay Area population. Results Between December 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021, we screened 4,049 unique infections by genotyping RT-qPCR, with an assay failure rate of 2.8%. We detected 1,567 L452R mutations (38.7%), 34 N501Y mutations (0.84%), 22 E484K mutations (0.54%), and 3 (0.07%) E484K+N501Y mutations. The assay had near-perfect (98-100%) concordance with whole-genome sequencing in a validation subset of 229 specimens, and detected B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.427, B.1.429, B.1.526, and P.2 variants, among others. The assay revealed rapid emergence of L452R in our population, with a prevalence of 24.8% in December 2020 that increased to 62.5% in March 2021. Conclusions We developed and clinically implemented a genotyping RT-qPCR to conduct high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 variant screening. This approach can be adapted for emerging mutations and immediately implemented in laboratories already performing NAAT worldwide using existing equipment, personnel, and extracted nucleic acid. Summary / Key Points Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning phenotypes is of public health interest. We developed a multiplex genotyping RT-qPCR to rapidly detect L452R, E484K, and N501Y with high sequencing concordance. This high-throughput alternative to resource-intensive sequencing enabled surveillance of L452R emergence.
Design of windows with steerable sidelobe dips (1992)

Based on the frequency sampling method, a novel and simple window design technique was established upon three theorems. The technique produces a set of windows which have simple expressions and the steerable sidelobe-dip (SSLD) property. By steering the dips in the sidelobes, it is easy to reduce the edge of the mainlobe, or to minimize the height of sidelobes, or to create a 'hole' in the sidelobes if its desired to reduce spectral leakage at a particular frequency. It is found that windows constructed as a weighted sum of cosines over a finite support and with a -6 dB/OCT sidelobe falloff rate can all be simulated by appropriate SSLD distributions. In this sense, many good windows such as Hamming, Blackman, Blackman-Harris, and minimum sidelobe behaviors can be created with a minor constraint. This renders design flexibility for various applications. Finally, the new technique can be easily incorporated with other techniques to produce windows with hybrid merits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Vibrio bivalvicida Associated With a Massive Larval Mortality Event in a Commercial Hatchery of Scallop Argopecten purpuratus in Chile (2019)

The VPAP30 strain was isolated as the highly predominant bacteria from an episode of massive larval mortality occurring in a commercial culture of the Chilean scallop <i>Argopecten purpuratus</i>. The main aims of this study were, to characterize and identify the pathogenic strain using biochemical and molecular methods, to demonstrate its pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, to characterize its pathogenic properties and to describe the chronology of the pathology. The pathogenic strain was identified as <i>Vibrio bivalvicida</i> based on its phenotypic properties, the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of eight housekeeping genes (<i>fts</i>Z, <i>gap</i>A, <i>gyr</i>B, <i>mre</i>B, <i>pyr</i>H, <i>rec</i>A, <i>rpo</i>A, and <i>top</i>A) and different <i>in silico</i> genome-to-genome comparisons. When triplicate cultures of healthy 10 days old scallop larvae were challenged with 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> colony forming units (CFU) mL<sup>-1</sup> of the VPAP30 strain, percentages of larval survival of 78.9 ± 3.3%, 34.3 ± 4.9%, and 0% were observed at 12, 2,4 and 36 h, respectively, whereas uninfected larval cultures showed survival rates of 97.4 ± 1.2% after of 48 h. Clinical symptoms exhibited by the scallop larvae infected with the VPAP30 strain include the accumulation of bacteria around the scallop larvae, velum disruption and necrosis of digestive gland. The 50% lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of VPAP30 strain at 24 and 48 h was 1.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> and 1.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The invasive pathogenic activity of the VPAP30 strain was investigated with staining of the bacterial pathogen with 5-DTAF and analyzing bacterial invasion using epifluorescence, and a complete bacterial dissemination inside the larvae at 24 h post-infection was observed. When scallop larvae were inoculated with cell-free extracellular products (ECPs) of VPAP30, the larval survival rate was 59.5 ± 1.7%, significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) lower than the control group (97.4 ± 1.2%) whereas larvae treated with heat-treated ECPs exhibited a survival rate of 61.6 ± 1.8% after 48 h of exposure. <i>V. bivalvicida</i> VPAP30 exhibits high pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, mediated both by bacterial invasion and the production of toxigenic heat-stable compounds. This report constitutes the first isolation of <i>V. bivalvicida</i> out of Europe and extends the host range of this species, having demonstrated its pathogenic activity on the Chilean scallop larvae (<i>A. purpuratus</i>). These results supporting the pathogenic potential of <i>V. bivalvicida</i> to kill the larvae of a broad range of bivalve species reared in hatcheries located in the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts.
A RUNX-targeted gene switch-off approach modulates the BIRC5/PIF1-p21 pathway and reduces glioblastoma growth in mice (2022)

Glioblastoma is the most common adult brain tumour, representing a high degree of malignancy. Transcription factors such as RUNX1 are believed to be involved in the malignancy of glioblastoma. RUNX1 functions as an oncogene or tumour suppressor gene with diverse target genes. Details of the effects of RUNX1 on the acquisition of malignancy in glioblastoma remain unclear. Here, we show that RUNX1 downregulates p21 by enhancing expressions of BIRC5 and PIF1, conferring anti-apoptotic properties on glioblastoma. A gene switch-off therapy using alkylating agent-conjugated pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, designed to fit the RUNX1 DNA groove, decreased expression levels of BIRC5 and PIF1 and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via p21. The RUNX1-BIRC5/PIF1-p21 pathway appears to reflect refractory characteristics of glioblastoma and thus holds promise as a therapeutic target. RUNX gene switch-off therapy may represent a novel treatment for glioblastoma.
Probiotic nomenclature matters (2016)

Probiotic research has progressed greatly in recent years, to the extent that full genomic sequencing is becoming commonplace for strains used in intervention trials. Unfortunately, examples of ina...
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2-Hydroxyamides Using a Diphenylacetyl Component as an Acyl Source and a Chiral Acyl-Transfer Catalyst (2018)

Various optically active 2-hydroxyamide derivatives are produced based on the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-hydroxyamides with a diphenylacetyl component and (R)-benzotetramisole [(R)-BTM], a chiral acyl-transfer catalyst, via asymmetric esterification and acylation. It was revealed that a tertiary amide can be used with this novel protocol to achieve high selectivity [22 examples; s-value reaching over 250]. The resulting chiral compounds could be transformed into other useful structures while maintaining their chirality.
Influence of nodular defects on the laser damage resistance of optical coatings in the femtosecond regime (2014)

The influence of nodular coating defects on the sub-picosecond laser damage resistance of multilayer coatings is investigated. The study is conducted on engineered nodules from monodisperse silica microspheres in HfO2/SiO2 high-reflective mirrors, at 400 fs/1030 nm. We demonstrate through an experimental study coupled with 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations that nodules in dielectric multilayer coatings are a main concern for the damage resistance of femtosecond optics. The nodules, and hence possibly other defects that produce E-field enhancement in coating materials, induce damage initiation at very low fluences (0.1 J/cm2 in the case under study) compared to the intrinsic damage threshold of the component (1.4 J/cm2 for the present mirror). After initiation, the damage sites grow catastrophically at a determined threshold, reducing significantly the damage resistance (0.6 J/cm2) but allowing a "safe" operating fluence to be defined.
ChemInform Abstract: USEFUL IMPURITIES FOR OPTICAL RESOLUTIONS. 1. CRYSTALLIZATION OF PHOTOPOLYMERIZING DIENES IN THE PRESENCE OF THEIR CHIRAL TOPOCHEMICAL PRODUCTS (1981)

Abstract Die in Gegenwart von 3‐1 5% eines chiralen Dimers, Trimers und Oligomers von (Ib) aus einer Schmelzze eines Monomers wie z.B. (I) erhaltenen Kristalle weisen bevorzugt die entgegengesetzte Chiralität auf, die nach vielstündiger UV‐Bestrahlung bei 5°C dimerisieren.
Investigating circulating tumor cells and distant metastases in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer (2019)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a temporal “snapshot” of a patient’s cancer and changes that occur during disease evolution. There is an extensive literature studying CTCs in breast cancer patients, and particularly in those with metastatic disease. In parallel, there is an increasing use of patient-derived models in preclinical investigations of human cancers. Yet studies are still limited demonstrating CTC shedding and metastasis formation in patient-derived models of breast cancer. We used seven patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models generated from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients to study CTCs and distant metastases. Tumor fragments from PDOX tissue from each of the seven models were implanted into 57 NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, and tumor growth and volume were monitored. Human CTC capture from mouse blood was first optimized on the marker-agnostic Vortex CTC isolation platform, and whole blood was processed from 37 PDOX tumor-bearing mice. Staining and imaging revealed the presence of CTCs in 32/37 (86%). The total number of CTCs varied between different PDOX tumor models and between individual mice bearing the same PDOX tumors. CTCs were heterogeneous and showed cytokeratin (CK) positive, vimentin (VIM) positive, and mixed CK/VIM phenotypes. Metastases were detected in the lung (20/57, 35%), liver (7/57, 12%), and brain (1/57, less than 2%). The seven different PDOX tumor models displayed varying degrees of metastatic potential, including one TNBC PDOX tumor model that failed to generate any detectable metastases (0/8 mice) despite having CTCs present in the blood of 5/5 tested, suggesting that CTCs from this particular PDOX tumor model may typify metastatic inefficiency. PDOX tumor models that shed CTCs and develop distant metastases represent an important tool for investigating TNBC.
Ge1−xSnx alloys: Consequences of band mixing effects for the evolution of the band gap Γ-character with Sn concentration (2019)

In this work we study the nature of the band gap in GeSn alloys for use in silicon-based lasers. Special attention is paid to Sn-induced band mixing effects. We demonstrate from both experiment and ab-initio theory that the (direct) Γ-character of the GeSn band gap changes continuously with alloy composition and has significant Γ-character even at low (6%) Sn concentrations. The evolution of the Γ-character is due to Sn-induced conduction band mixing effects, in contrast to the sharp indirect-to-direct band gap transition obtained in conventional alloys such as Al<sub>1-x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>As. Understanding the band mixing effects is critical not only from a fundamental and basic properties viewpoint but also for designing photonic devices with enhanced capabilities utilizing GeSn and related material systems.
Design of Power Converter Devices embedded in a Hybrid Emergency Network for More Electrical Aircraft (2011)

International audience
Inspiration produced by bilateral electromagnetic, cervical phrenic nerve stimulation in man (1991)

Eddy-current stimulation of both phrenic nerves at the base of the neck in human subjects was carried out to provide inspiration resulting from tetanic diaphragm contraction. The inspired volume obtained was in excess of spontaneous tidal volume.
Restoration of Oocyte Maturational Competency during the Nonbreeding Season with Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Stimulation in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri Boliviensis Boliviensis)1 (1994)

The in vitro maturation potential of oocytes retrieved during the nonbreeding season with or without prior in vivo low-dose FSH stimulation was studied in adult squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis). Additionally, the adequacy of various protein supplements in media used for oocyte maturation was investigated. Ovaries were removed from animals in the nonbreeding season (n = 9) with or without prior treatment with a low dose (1 mg) of FSH for four days before ovariectomy. Minimal estradiol elevation was observed in serum even with stimulation. For oocyte collection, ovaries were placed in warmed 21 mM HEPES-buffered Ham's F-10. Oocytes from unstimulated ovaries were retrieved and cultured (47 of 62 recovered) in bicarbonate-buffered Ham's F-10 medium containing 0.5% BSA as protein supplement. Negligible maturation was observed at 48 h (3 of 47; 6%), and no fertilization was seen after insemination. Immature oocytes from animals stimulated with a low dose of FSH were cultured (69 of 94 recovered). With prior FSH stimulation, oocytes placed in 0.5% BSA medium matured (13 of 24; 54%) and fertilized (7 of 21; 33%) in marked contrast to oocytes from the nonstimulated monkeys. Additionally, 20% monkey serum and 20% human follicular fluid were studied as alternative protein supplements for the FSH-pretreated oocytes; these produced similar maturation rates (10 of 22, 45%; 10 of 23, 43%, respectively) and fertilization rates (8 of 21, 38%; 6 of 21, 29%, respectively). In some cases, 2 pronuclei were observed at 16 h and 4 cells were observed at 40 h. Of those activated, 63% showed cleavage ranging from 2 to 8 cells by 96 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Méthode densimétrique d'analyse granulométrique (1957)

National audience
Analytical Solutions for One-Dimensional Water Flow in Vegetated Layered Soil (2018)

Vegetation reduces soil pore-water pressure (PWP) through root water uptake. There are limited studies about the effects of vegetation on PWP distributions in layered soil, such as multilayered earthen landfill cover. New analytical solutions for vertical water flow in vegetated layered soil at steady state are derived considering various root architectures, including exponential, parabolic, triangular, and uniform roots. The solutions are verified through (1) hypothetical vegetated layered soil using numerical seepage analyses and (2) a soil column test investigating PWP distributions in vegetated layered soil. The new solutions are capable of determining PWP distributions for both inside and outside root zone in vegetated layered soil. These solutions provide a relatively simple and reliable approach for estimation of PWP distributions in vegetated layered soil.
Cluster-Based Communication Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Purification System Intended for Irrigation (2021)

The remote location of agricultural fields leads to the difficulty of deploying Precision Agriculture (PA) systems as there is no Internet access in those areas. Therefore, the use of long-range wireless technologies such as LoRa can provide connectivity to rural areas and allow monitoring PA systems remotely. In this paper, a heterogeneous architecture and protocol that allows communication with both WiFi and LoRa, including multiple hops in LoRa are presented. The design is based on a tree topology comprised of electronic devices deployed on different areas of interest for PA systems such as the canals of irrigation water, the fields, and the urban areas that generate wastewater. A set of practical tests with different configurations have been performed to determine the correct operation of the proposed protocol. The results show that the consumed bandwidth for both 433 MHz and 868 MHz frequency bands remained within the limits for the most restrictive LoRa configurations. Therefore, different deployment needs can be addressed with the implementation of this proposal. Furthermore, the use of packet transmission delays of 500 ms at the CH node results in high successful packet delivery rates.