gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Cardiac Morbidity (1990)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) can be complex in its clinical presentation. The patient with IHD usually has one of the many symptom complexes associated with varying degrees of ventricular dysfunction. As anesthesiologists, our assessment of a patient with IHD presenting for surgery is usually conducted over a very brief period of time and, therefore, requires a rather intense assessment of the patient’s cardiac status. Several other factors add to the difficulties involved in this assessment: 1) The age of the population presenting for surgery is increasing; 2) surgical procedures are becoming more complex; and 3) cost containment procedures will limit the number and type of preoperative tests used to assess risk in patients with IHD, and there will be increasing pressure on us to expedite such an assessment (e.g., come-and-go, come-and-stay surgery). Thus, more than ever, we must know what specific tests are available for assessment of these patients and what information we can obtain from these tests to determine perioperative risk, preoperative therapeutics, intraoperative monitoring, choice of anesthetic, and postoperative care.
Comparison of 2 types of intrastromal corneal ring segments for keratoconus (2012)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Energy-Aware MPEG-4 FGS Streaming (2005)

In this paper, we propose an energy-aware MPEG-4 FGS video streaming system with client feedback.In this client-server system, the battery-powered mobile client sends its maximum decoding capability (i.e., its decoding aptitude) to the server in order to help the server determine the additional amount of data (in the form of enhancement layers on top of the base layer) per frame that it sends to the client, and thereby, set its data rate.On the client side, a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technique is used to adjust the decoding aptitude of the client while meeting a constraint on the minimum achieved video quality.As a measure of energy efficiency of the video streamer, the notion of a normalized decoding load is introduced.It is shown that a video streaming system that maintains this normalized load at unity produces the optimum video quality with no energy waste.We implemented an MPEG-4 FGS video streaming system on an XScale-based testbed in which a server and a mobile client are wirelessly connected by a feedback channel.Based on the actual current measurements in this testbed, we obtain an average of 20% communication energy reduction in the client by making the MPEG-4 FGS streamer energy-aware.
Water-soluble constituents from aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa (2006)

Three new water-soluble constituents [ficuscarpanoside B (1), (7E,9Z)-dihydrophaseic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) and ficuscarpanic acid (6)] and the natural product 2,2'-dihydroxyl ether (7) have been isolated, together with three known compounds [(7S,8R)-syringoylglycerol (2), (7S,8R)-syringoylglycerol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and icariside D2 (5)] from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa. Identification of their structures was achieved by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, including 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC methods and FAB mass spectral data.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIAZOMETHANE WITH QUATERNARY NITROGEN COMPOUNDS TO FORM BETAINES (1975)

Abstract Das aus der m‐Amino‐benzoesäure (I) erhaltene Ammoniumjodid (II) reagiert mit Diazomethan (III) nicht zum erwarteten Methylester (Va), sondern zum Betain (IV) und Methyljodid.
Central Asia's Hidden Burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases (2011)

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most common infections of the world's poorest people living in developing countries [1]–[7]. They are mostly comprised of chronic parasitic and related infections, with the most common NTDs represented by the soil-transmitted helminthiases, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, and trachoma [1]. Among their common features, the NTDs result in prolonged periods of disability and actually help to promote poverty through their long-standing effects on child development and worker productivity [2]. It is not commonly appreciated that the NTDs are widespread throughout Central Asia where they are also a major determinant of poverty [8]. The five mostly landlocked Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Figure 1)—were established upon the breakup of the former Soviet Union in 1991. They are also linked in history as a vital crossroads (“the Silk Road”) between Asia and Europe and by a common geography comprised of a desert and piedmont region [9]. The five nations have a combined population of 60 million people, with three of them—Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, and Uzbekistan—exhibiting a Human Development Index (HDI) that is ranked below 100, whichis more or less equivalent to nations such as Guatemala, India, Indonesia, and South Africa [10].



Figure 1

Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States.



During the Soviet era in the 20th century, some gains were made in parasite and NTD control. For instance, in Uzbekistan a number of NTDs were either eradicated or eliminated as a public health problem, including dracunculiasis in 1931, urban cutaneous leishmaniasis in 1950, malaria in 1960, visceral leishmaniasis in 1968, and hookworm infection in 1974 [11]. However, following the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, public infrastructures and services deteriorated in many areas of Central Asia, and breakdowns in health care and preventive services ensued [12]. Of particular relevance to zoonotic NTDs and according to Torgerson et al., the Soviet breakup also meant that large mechanized slaughterhouses were closed, leaving livestock production in the hands of small farms and unsupervised homes, and largely without veterinary inspection [13], [14]. Together with increases in pet and security dogs, veterinary public health was compromised, with a resultant re-emergence of several important NTDs, including echinococcosis and possibly toxocariasis [13]–. As a result, today several NTDs either remain widespread in Central Asia or may have even increased in prevalence over the last two decades. They include the soil-transmitted helminth infections, food-borne and zoonotic parasitic infections, and vector-borne protozoan infections (Table 1).



Table 1

Selected Neglected Tropical Diseases in Central Asia.
Sensorless adaptive-optics optical coherence tomographic angiography (2020)

Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) can image the retinal blood flow but visualization of the capillary caliber is limited by the low lateral resolution. Adaptive optics (AO) can be used to compensate ocular aberrations when using high numerical aperture (NA), and thus improve image resolution. However, previously reported AO-OCTA instruments were large and complex, and have a small sub-millimeter field of view (FOV) that hinders the extraction of biomarkers with clinical relevance. In this manuscript, we developed a sensorless AO-OCTA prototype with an intermediate numerical aperture to produce depth-resolved angiograms with high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio over a 2 × 2 mm FOV, with a focal spot diameter of 6 µm, which is about 3 times finer than typical commercial OCT systems. We believe these parameters may represent a better tradeoff between resolution and FOV compared to large-NA AO systems, since the spot size matches better that of capillaries. The prototype corrects defocus, astigmatism, and coma using a figure of merit based on the mean reflectance projection of a slab defined with real-time segmentation of retinal layers. AO correction with the ability to optimize focusing in arbitrary retinal depths - particularly the plexuses in the inner retina - could be achieved in 1.35 seconds. The AO-OCTA images showed greater flow signal, signal-to-noise ratio, and finer capillary caliber compared to commercial OCTA. Projection artifacts were also reduced in the intermediate and deep capillary plexuses. The instrument reported here improves OCTA image quality without excessive sacrifice in FOV and device complexity, and thus may have potential for clinical translation.
Combined Microwave Radiometer and Micro Rain Radar for Analysis of Cloud Liquid Water (2013)

To combine the micro rain radar and microwave radiometer cloud liquid water, we estimate the cloud physical thickness from the difference between the MTSAT-1R cloud top height and cloud base height of visual observation of Daegwallyeong weather station, and the cloud liquid water path of micro rain radar is obtained by multiplying the liquid water content of micro rain radar and the estimated cloud physical thickness. The trend of microwave radiometer liquid water path agrees with that of the micro rain radar during small precipitation. We study these characteristics of micro rain radar and microwave radiometer for small precipitation to obtain the combined cloud water content of micro rain radar and microwave radiometer, constantly operated regardless to the rainfall.
CHALLENGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FAMILIY CULTURAL FACTORS DESAFIOS DE LA MUJER EMPRESARIA Y SU RELACION CON FACTORES CULTURALES FAMILIARES (2014)

The aim of this study was to describe various challenges facing women entrepreneurs to start and develop their business and their relationship with cultural aspects of family education. This study was conducted with 17 entrepreneurs employing 238 workers to May 2012. The sample included predominantly married, with children, with undergraduate studies and members of an association that had 42 woman entrepreneurs associated. The sample represented 40.48% of the study population, owners of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico. The results show little discrimination, envy, repression and harassment. Women entrepreneurs agree that women are taking care of family welfare and psychologically and are prepared to be mothers. We find that greater workplace harassment is associated with lower income and less access to leadership positions.
Computationally efficient locally linearized constitutive model for magnetostrictive materials (2019)

This paper presents a computationally efficient constitutive model for magnetostrictive materials. High computational efficiency is achieved through the use of local linearization (about easy axes) and discrete energy-averaging techniques. The model is applied to iron-gallium alloys (Galfenol) and tested for different magnetic field orientations relative to the easy axes. It is observed that the model accurately predicts both sensing and actuation characteristics while reducing the computation time by a large factor (&amp;gt;1000 times) when compared to the nonlinear energy minimization models. Furthermore, the average error observed in λ–H and B–H curves is less than 3.5% with the error increasing at magnetic field orientations farther from easy axes, particularly at large magnetic field values. Finally, the model is integrated with a finite element framework to predict the response of a Galfenol rod transducer system, and parametric studies are performed for different current and prestress conditions to optimize the device performance.
A 3-step acne system containing solubilized benzoyl peroxide versus clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide. (2009)

A 3-step acne system has been developed to enhance the bioavailability and follicular penetration of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Participants with mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to 10 weeks' facial treatment with the 3-step acne system (proprietary salicylic acid cleanser 2% twice daily, proprietary salicylic acid toner 2% once daily, and solubilized BPO gel 5% twice daily) or with control cleanser twice daily plus clindamycin 1%-BPO 5% gel (jar formulation) twice daily. Among 139 participants enrolled, the 3-step acne system was at least as effective as clindamycin-BPO in reducing noninflammatory lesion counts in the early weeks of treatment in the absence of an antibiotic (mean reductions were 27% vs 13%, 39% vs 25%, 40% vs 33%, and 42% vs 42% at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 10, respectively) (all not significant). Both regimens were associated with comparable reductions in inflammatory lesion counts at all time points. Both regimens also were generally well-tolerated with mean scores for erythema, dryness, peeling, burning/stinging, and itching less than mild in both groups at all time points. The 3-step acne system is at least as effective as clindamycin-BPO in reducing noninflammatory lesion counts in the early weeks of treatment in the absence of an antibiotic, which is likely attributed to the solubilized BPO formulation.
Collaborative sparse reconstruction for pan-sharpening (2013)

In this paper, we extend the Sparse Fusion of Images (SparseFI, pronounced “sparsify”) algorithm, proposed by the authors before, to a Jointly Sparse Fusion of Images (J-SparseFI) algorithm by exploiting the possible signal structural correlations between different multispectral channels. The algorithm is evaluated using airborne UltraCam data. The superior performance of the proposed methods has been demonstrated by a statistic assessment. Moreover, first experimental result using airborne HySpex hyperspectral data is presented.
Effect of Particle Impact on Surface Cleaning Using Dry Ice Jet (2011)

The removal of particulate contaminants adhering to a surface has been investigated using a dry ice blasting system. Monosized spherical latex particles of micron and submicron sizes were used as particulate contaminants, while the dry ice jet was produced by the thermal expansion of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2). Removal of the contaminants was observed in situ using a high-speed microscope camera and quantified through digital image analysis. The experimental results showed that dry ice blasting performs well for surface cleaning, which is attributed to the collision of the dry ice particles with the contaminants. For submicron-sized contaminants, a lower temperature jet was required in order to produce a larger number of dry ice particles to enhance the removal efficiency. The removal efficiency increased with an increase of the jet pressure on the surface. In addition, a theoretical analysis of the moments of forces caused by particle impact and aerodynamic drag showed that particle impact is primarily responsible for removal. Furthermore, the effect of the dry ice cleaning was visually observed by applying it to the removal of a film resin covering a surface.
Numerical simulation of TEM images for In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots with various shapes (2020)

Abstract We present a mathematical model and a tool chain for the numerical simulation of TEM images of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). This includes elasticity theory to obtain the strain profile coupled with the Darwin–Howie–Whelan equations, describing the propagation of the electron wave through the sample. We perform a simulation study on indium gallium arsenide QDs with different shapes and compare the resulting TEM images to experimental ones. This tool chain can be applied to generate a database of simulated TEM images, which is a key element of a novel concept for model-based geometry reconstruction of semiconductor QDs, involving machine learning techniques.
A Circular Dichroism Spectrometer for the Vacuum Ultraviolet (1971)

We have developed a circular dichroism spectrometer which will make measurements in the ultraviolet to 1350 Å. It is built primarily from commercially available components and is particularly simple in design. The instrument is linear and has a noise level over most of its range of less than 1×10−5 OD units for a 16 Å spectral slitwidth and 10 sec time constant. The absorption and circular dichroism spectra of (+) 3-methylcyclopentanone to 1350 Å are presented.
Brain-Computer Interfaces [from the guest editors] (2008)

The nine articles in this special issue focus on brain-computer interfaces. The authors contributing to this special issue represent researchers who have one foot in the signal processing and machine learning community and one foot in the world of the neurosciences. The contributed articles thus represent a marriage of the two disciplines, though with an emphasis on the signal processing aspects and challenges.
Parallelism In Rule-Based Systems (1988)

Rule-based systems, which have proven to be extremely useful for several Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems applications, currently face severe limitations due to the slow speed of their execution. To achieve the desired speed-up, this paper addresses the problem of parallelization of production systems and explores the various architectural and algorithmic possibilities. The inherent sources of parallelism in the production system structure are analyzed and the trade-offs, limitations and feasibility of exploitation of these sources of parallelism are presented. Based on this analysis, we propose a dedicated, coarse-grained, n-ary tree multiprocessor architecture for the parallel implementation of rule-based systems and then present algorithms for partitioning of rules in this architecture.
Culture Conditions and Single Growth Factors Affect Fate Determination of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells1 (2004)

Cell fate determination between self-renewal or differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the testis is precisely regulated to maintain normal spermatogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the process remain elusive. To address the problem, we developed a model SSC culture system, first, by establishing techniques to obtain enriched populations of stem cells, and second, by establishing a serum-free culture medium. Flow cytometric cell sorting and the SSC transplantation assay demonstrated that Thy-1 is a unique surface marker of SSCs in neonatal, pup, and adult testes of the mouse. Although the surface phenotype of SSCs is major histocompatibility complex class I(-) Thy-1(+) alpha 6-integrin(+) alpha v-integrin(-/dim) throughout postnatal life, the most enriched population of SSCs was obtained from cryptorchid adult testes by cell-sorting techniques based on Thy-1 expression. This enriched population of SSCs was used to develop a culture system that consisted of serum-free defined medium and STO (SIM mouse embryo-derived thioguanine and ouabain resistant) feeders, which routinely maintained stem cell activity for 1 wk. Combining the culture system and the transplantation assay provided a mechanism to study the effect of single growth factors. A negative effect was demonstrated for several concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor, whereas glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and stem cell factor appeared to have a positive effect on stem cell maintenance. The stem cell enrichment strategies and the culture methods described provide a reproducible and powerful assay system to establish the effect of various environmental factors on SSC survival and replication in vitro.
A data-flow functional computer for real-time image processing (2002)

The authors present a dataflow computer, consisting of an array of dataflow processors, dedicated to real-time image processing. A custom processor, able to perform up to 50 million operations/s on 25 Mbyte/s dataflows, has been developed for low-level computations and T800 transputers are used for high-level ones. The dataflow computer is programmed in a pure functional style (Backus) programming language with a single formalism for both types of processors. An experimental system including 256 low-level dataflow processors and one transputer has been built, and several image processing algorithms have run on it in real time at digital video speed. This system will be extended very soon to 1024 low-level processors and 32 high-level processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Environmental endocrine disruptors prurification by recombinant pregnane X and estrogen receptor-affinity columns (2008)

Nuclear Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is involved in the regulation of drug-metabolism enzymes and therefore plays an essential role in the detoxification pathways. Recent studies have shown that PXR can be activated by exogenous environmental xenobiotics such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, phyto and myco-estrogens and many more. We measured PXR activity in samples from wastewater treatment and surface water. However, due to the capacity of PXR to bind a multitude of different types of environmental pollutants, it is difficult to predict which type of molecule is responsible for the observed activity in environmental samples. The development of a tool to purify PXR ligands in an environmental complex matrix such as wastewater and sludge should improve their chemical detection. We already developed a recombinant ER alpha affinity column for the purification of estrogenic compounds from water and sediment extracts. In the same way we developed a procedure with immobilized PXR receptor to capture PXR environmental ligands. We showed that this method allowed us to isolate ER and PXR ligands in wastewater, sludge and sediment extracts, and thus facilitate their further analysis
A guideline for homology modeling of the proteins from newly discovered betacoronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) (2020)

During an outbreak of respiratory diseases including atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, a previously unknown β-coronavirus was detected in patients. The newly discovered coronavirus is similar to some β-coronaviruses found in bats but different from previously known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence identities and similarities between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV were found. In this study, we searched the homologous templates of all nonstructural and structural proteins of 2019-nCoV. Among the nonstructural proteins, the leader protein (nsp1), the papain-like protease (nsp3), the nsp4, the 3C-like protease (nsp5), the nsp7, the nsp8, the nsp9, the nsp10, the RNA-directed RNA polymerase (nsp12), the helicase (nsp13), the guanine-N7 methyltransferase (nsp14), the uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (nsp15), the 2'-O-methyltransferase (nsp16), and the ORF7a protein could be built on the basis of homology templates. Among the structural proteins, the spike protein (S-protein), the envelope protein (E-protein), and the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) can be constructed based on the crystal structures of the proteins from SARS-CoV. It is known that PL-Pro, 3CL-Pro, and RdRp are important targets for design antiviral drugs against 2019-nCoV. And S protein is a critical target candidate for inhibitor screening or vaccine design against 2019-nCoV because coronavirus replication is initiated by the binding of S protein to cell surface receptors. It is believed that these proteins should be useful for further structure-based virtual screening and related computer-aided drug development and vaccine design.
Aggregation Properties of Whey Protein Hydrolysates Generated with Bacillus licheniformis Proteinase Activities (2005)

Hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) with Alcalase 2.4 L, a Bacillus licheniformis proteinase preparation, induces gelation. The aggregation behavior of WPC hydrolysates generated with Alcalase and Prolyve 1000, a Bacillus licheniformis proteinase that did not induce gelation, were studied by turbidity and particle size analysis. With the use of synthetic peptide substrates, it was shown that Alcalase contains a glutamyl endopeptidase (GE) activity not present in Prolyve. Comparison of the aggregation behavior of WPC hydrolysates generated with Alcalase, Prolyve, and combinations of Prolyve with a GE activity isolated from Alcalase showed that GE was responsible for the observed enzyme-induced peptide aggregation in Alcalase hydrolysates. Hydrolysates generated with Prolyve, having a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 11.8% and 10.4% of peptide material greater than 10 kDa, could be induced to aggregate by the addition of GE. These results emphasize the contribution of enzyme specificity to the physicochemical and functional characteristics of proteinase hydrolysates of WPC.