gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics in the foetus and newborn infant (1997)

Quantitative techniques have been derived for the measurement of global cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, its response to changing arterial carbon dioxide tension and mixed cerebral venous saturation in the human newborn undergoing intensive care. Normal ranges have been established and significant disturbances of cerebral oxygenation and perfusion have been demonstrated in a variety of pathological conditions. Recently, absolute cerebral deoxyhaemoglobin concentration has been obtained in the newborn using second differential spectroscopy. When combined with the measurement of total cerebral haemoglobin concentration, the mean saturation of cerebral blood (SmcO2) may be obtained, allowing global cerebral oxygenation to be determined continuously in the intensive care unit. Marked changes in the concentrations of cerebral oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin have been observed in foetuses undergoing labour. Measurements of SmcO2 from the foetal brain prior to delivery have shown the expected close correlation with acid-base status at birth. Although movement artefact remains a theoretical risk during uterine contractions, preliminary measurements of optical path length by intensity-modulated spectroscopy have demonstrated only small fluctuations. In future the clinical application of time, phase and spatially resolved spectroscopy is likely to improve both the quantitative accuracy and the regional specificity of physiological measurements in the foetal and neonatal brain.
The HDAC Inhibitor LBH589 Enhances the Antimyeloma Effects of the IGF-1RTK Inhibitor Picropodophyllin (2012)

The results indicate an improved MM treatment opportunity in using a combination of PPP and LBH589.
Effects of variations in layer thicknesses on the reflectivity spectra of semiconductor Bragg mirrors (1995)

We report the results from an investigation of the effects of variations in layer thicknesses during the growth of semiconductor Bragg mirrors on their reflectivity spectra. Different types of variations are investigated and an effort is made to point out the sources of such errors in a typical growth process. It is expected that this study will shed light on the critical control parameters for very highly reflecting mirrors and help the interpretation of the measured spectra from a finished growth run and the identification of the possible sources of deviations from the ideal structure.
Predicting human gaze using quaternion DCT image signature saliency and face detection (2012)

We combine and extend the previous work on DCT-based image signatures and face detection to determine the visual saliency. To this end, we transfer the scalar definition of image signatures to quaternion images and thus introduce a novel saliency method using quaternion type-II DCT image signatures. Furthermore, we use MCT-based face detection to model the important influence of faces on the visual saliency using rotated elliptical Gaussian weight functions and evaluate several integration schemes. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods, we evaluate our approach on the Bruce-Tsotsos (Toronto) [2] and Cerf (FIFA) [3] benchmark eye-tracking data sets. Additionally, we present evaluation results on the Bruce-Tsotsos data set of the most important spectral saliency approaches. We achieve state-of-the-art results in terms of the well-established area under curve (AUC) measure on the Bruce-Tsotsos data set and come close to the ideal AUC on the Cerf data set - with less than one millisecond to calculate the bottom-up QDCT saliency map.
Transport properties of amorphous antimony telluride (2006)

The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall coefficient of micron thick films of amorphous ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ have been measured as functions of temperature from room temperature down to as low as $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The electrical conductivity manifests an Arrhenius behavior with a pre-exponential factor that is larger than that of a conventional semiconductor. The Seebeck coefficient is $p$ type. Unlike a conventional semiconductor, the energy characterizing the Seebeck coefficient's temperature dependence, about $0.10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, is considerably smaller than the activation energy of the electrical conductivity, about $0.28\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. In addition, the heat-of-transport constant of the Seebeck coefficient is much larger than that of conventional semiconductors. The Hall mobility is low (near $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$ at room temperature), anomalously signed ($n$-type), and increases with rising temperature with an activation energy of about $0.05\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. These results are consistent with the charge carriers being holelike small polarons that move by thermally assisted hopping.
FORMATION OF ISOMERS WITH CIS‐TRANS GROUPS IN THE TRILINOLEIN OF STORED CARROTS (1994)

ABSTRACT. A mixture of trilinolein isomers that contain one trans double bond was isolated from lightly processed carrots stored at low temperature in plastic bags. The mixture isolated was similar to the product synthesized from partial isomerization of trilinolein with the free radical isomerization catalyst p‐toluenesulfinic acid. Although the mixture contained at least 2 trilinolein isomers with c‐t and t‐c geometry, determination of the complete structure of the individual compounds was not possible because of the close similarity of their chromatographic properties. Under reduced oxygen storage conditions, significant quantities of unsaturated triglycerides with trans double bonds may be produced in lightly processed carrots by a nonenzymatic free radical rearrangement.
1H‐nmr studies of synthetic polypeptide models of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein tandemly repeated sequence (1989)

The major immunodominant region of the coating protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites contains multiple tandem copies of the sequence Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP). Current efforts for the development of an antisporozoite vaccine are focused on the synthesis of polypeptides reproducing part of the circumsporozoite protein repeat sequence and, in an attempt to relate conformational properties and biological response, 1H-nmr one- and two-dimensional studies of the synthetic models (NANP)2NA and (NANP)6 were carried out in water and water/methanol mixtures, at 400 and 500 MHz. In water, (NANP)6 undergoes fast conformational averaging. At variance, in water/methanol, the molecule appears to adopt an extensive structure, but detailed analysis is impaired by high spectral degeneracy. Based on the results obtained with (NANP)2NA and from preliminary experiments in water/trifluoroethanol, an interpretation is suggested for the (NANP)6 data in water/methanol in terms of a mixed sequence of beta I-turns and half-turns (or/and gamma I-turns) around the positions Ni-1-Pi-Ni + 1.
H trapping at the metastable cation vacancy in α-Ga2O3 and α-Al2O3 (2022)

α-Ga2O3 has the corundum structure analogous to that of α-Al2O3. The bandgap energy of α-Ga2O3 is 5.3 eV and is greater than that of β-Ga2O3, making the α-phase attractive for devices that benefit from its wider bandgap. The O–H and O–D centers produced by the implantation of H+ and D+ into α-Ga2O3 have been studied by infrared spectroscopy and complementary theory. An O–H line at 3269 cm−1 is assigned to H complexed with a Ga vacancy (VGa), similar to the case of H trapped by an Al vacancy (VAl) in α-Al2O3. The isolated VGa and VAl defects in α-Ga2O3 and α-Al2O3 are found by theory to have a “shifted” vacancy-interstitial-vacancy equilibrium configuration, similar to VGa in β-Ga2O3, which also has shifted structures. However, the addition of H causes the complex with H trapped at an unshifted vacancy to have the lowest energy in both α-Ga2O3 and α-Al2O3.
Left bundle branch area pacing in perspective (2022)

Conduction system pacing in perspective. Abbreviations: RVP = right ventricular pacing; BiV = biventricular pacing; CSP = conduction system pacing; HBP = His bundle pacing; LBBAP = left bundle branch area pacing; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; HOT-CRT = His-optimized CRT; LOT-CRT = left bundle branch optimized CRT; SSS = sick sinus syndrome; AVB = atrioventricular block.
KGF-1 for Wound Healing in Animal Models (2008)

Keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family FGF7 and is expressed in normal and wounded skin. KGF-1 is massively produced in the early stages of the wound healing process as well as during the later remodeling process (1, 2). We have studied the effects of the electroporation of a KGF-1 plasmid into excisional wounds of different rodent models mimicking diseases known to impair the normal wound healing process. We have used a genetically diabetic mouse model and a septic rat model in our experiments, and we have shown improvement of the healing rate (92% of the wounds are healed at day 12 vs. 40% of the control), the quality of epithelialization (histological score of 3.3 vs. 1.5), and the density of new blood vessels (85% more new blood vessels in the superficial layers than that of the control) (3, 4). Considering these results, we believe we can further explore the treatment modalities for using the electroporation-assisted transfection of DNA plasmid expression vectors of growth factors to enhance cutaneous wound healing.
Simulation of cable charging current and its effects on operation of low power AC drives (2016)

In Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) systems, long motor leads can have many detrimental effects, including cable charging current, overvoltage at the motor terminals, and voltage stress on power modules. Different types of AC system grounding can also interact with long motor leads to yield undesirable effects on drive operation. Analyzing models of various components of a drive system is useful to determine any potential issues prior to installation and to recommend any needed filter solutions to mitigate these issues. However, prior cable models have several shortcomings and are inadequate for fully understanding long cable effects prior to VFD system installation. In this paper, a commercially available finite element analysis (FEA) tool is applied to generate a wide frequency range model for a multi-conductor VFD cable. It is shown that this cable model can be used in a system level simulation to determine application issues for low power AC drives. The method is validated using experimental tests on selected cable, motor and drive combinations.
Chronic fructose renders pancreatic β-cells hyper-responsive to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through extracellular ATP signaling (2019)

Fructose is widely used as a sweetener in processed food and is also associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear, in particular, regarding the pancreatic β-cell. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to fructose on the function of insulinoma cells and isolated mouse and human pancreatic islets. Although fructose per se did not acutely stimulate insulin exocytosis, our data show that chronic fructose rendered rodent and human β-cells hyper-responsive to intermediate physiological glucose concentrations. Fructose exposure reduced intracellular ATP levels without affecting mitochondrial function, induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation, and favored ATP release from the β-cells upon acute glucose stimulation. The resulting increase in extracellular ATP, mediated by pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, activated the calcium-mobilizer P2Y purinergic receptors. Immunodetection revealed the presence of both Panx1 channels and P2Y1 receptors in β-cells. Addition of an ectonucleotidase inhibitor or P2Y1 agonists to naïve β-cells potentiated insulin secretion stimulated by intermediate glucose, mimicking the fructose treatment. Conversely, the P2Y1 antagonist and Panx1 inhibitor reversed the effects of fructose, as confirmed using Panx1-null islets and by the clearance of extracellular ATP by apyrase. These results reveal an important function of ATP signaling in pancreatic β-cells mediating fructose-induced hyper-responsiveness.
Self-amplified spontaneous emission for a single pass free-electron laser (2011)

SPARC (acronym of ``Sorgente Pulsata ed Amplificata di Radiazione Coerente'', i.e. Pulsed and Amplified Source of Coherent Radiation) is a single pass free-electron laser designed to obtain high gain amplification at a radiation wavelength of 500 nm. Self-amplified spontaneous emission has been observed driving the amplifier with the high-brightness beam of the SPARC linac. We report measurements of energy, spectra, and exponential gain. Experimental results are compared with simulations from several numerical codes.
Concealed Degloving Injury (the Morel-Lavallée Lesion) in Childhood Sports (2011)

Anakwenze, Oke A. MD; Trivedi, Vikas MD, DNB(Ortho), MNAMS(Ortho); Goodman, Arlene M. MD; Ganley, Theodore J. MD Author Information
Improved Deep Hashing With Soft Pairwise Similarity for Multi-Label Image Retrieval (2019)

Hash coding has been widely used in the approximate nearest neighbor search for large-scale image retrieval. Recently, many deep hashing methods have been proposed and shown largely improved performance over traditional feature-learning methods. Most of these methods examine the pairwise similarity on the semantic-level labels, where the pairwise similarity is generally defined in a hard-assignment way. That is, the pairwise similarity is “1” if they share no less than one class label and “0” if they do not share any. However, such similarity definition cannot reflect the similarity ranking for pairwise images that hold multiple labels. In this paper, an improved deep hashing method is proposed to enhance the ability of multi-label image retrieval. We introduce a pairwise quantified similarity calculated on the normalized semantic labels. Based on this, we divide the pairwise similarity into two situations-“hard similarity” and “soft similarity,” where cross-entropy loss and mean square error loss are adapted respectively for more robust feature learning and hash coding. Experiments on four popular datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the competing methods and achieves the state-of-the-art performance in multi-label image retrieval.
Parameter Inference in the Pulmonary Blood Circulation (2017)

No abstract available.
Space Charge Studies in FFAG Using the Tracking Code Zgoubi (2015)

A method is implemented in Zgoubi that allows the computation of space charge effects in 2D distributions and with some restrictions in 3D distributions. It relies on decomposiing field maps or analytical elements into slices and applying a space charge kick to the particles. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of this technique, its limitations/advantages by comparisons with other linear/nonlinear computation methods and codes, and to apply it to high power fixed field ring design studies.
Patient Monitoring in the Operating Room: Validation of Instrument Readings by Artificial Intelligence Methods (1989)

Physiological monitoring in the operating room is needed to follow the patient's state of ventilation, circulation, etc. Parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory gas content are observed with devices of uncertain reliability. These provide speedy information in the form of cautions and alarms, which may indicate that corrective action is needed. In practice the large number of alarms when there is no hazard to the patient (false alarms) is a considerable problem. We describe a method of comparing and validating instrument readings in this situation involving a knowledge base whose core is a set of 36 rules. This was applied to 7803 warnings (6287 cautions and 1516 alarms) from 68 day surgery patients undergoing 115 hours of surgery. Most of the cautions were validated by our analysis, but 734 of the 1516 alarms were invalidated while 419 were validated and 363 left indeterminate. This translates to a potential reduction from one alarm every 4 minutes to one every 16 minutes.
Arthroscopic Lateral Collateral Ligament Repair (2016)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Critical Cytoplasmic Regions of the αL/β2 Integrin in Rap1-induced Adhesion and Migration (2003)

Rap1 is a potent inside-out signal that increases LFA-1 adhesive activity. In this study, we have defined the cytoplasmic region of the alphaL and beta2 integrin that are required for Rap1-stimulated adhesion and subsequent migration on ICAM-1. Human LFA-1 bearing truncated and point-mutated alphaL and beta2 cytoplasmic regions were reconstituted in mouse IL-3-dependent proB cells, BAF/3. Truncation of the alphaL, but not beta2 subunit cytoplasmic region, abolished Rap1V12-dependent adhesion to ICAM-1. The alanine substitution of two lysine residues (K1097/K1099) in the alphaL subunit was found to be critical in adhesion induced by Rap1V12, but not PMA. This mutation suppressed Rap1V12-induced LFA-1 conformation changes and ligand-binding affinity. The K1097/K1099 mutation also impaired binding to ICAM-1 induced by TCR cross-linking or SDF-1. In contrast, the alanine substitution for tyrosine in the beta2 subunit endocytosis motif inhibited internalization of LFA-1, and severely impaired detachment at the cell rear, which resulted in long-elongated cell shapes. This result demonstrates that internalization of LFA-1 is a critical step in the deadhesion process. Our study revealed novel requirements of amino acid residues of the LFA-1 cytoplasmic region in the response to the inside-out signaling and the subsequent deadhesion process.
The use of post detonation analysis of stable isotope ratios to determine the type and production process of the explosive involved (1993)

The detonation of a series of explosives was performed in a controlled manner to collect the resulting, solid residue or {open_quotes}soot.{close_quotes} This residue was examined to determine the ratios of the stable carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen isotopes. The goal of the experiment was to determine if these ratios could be used to indicate, from the post detonation residues, the type and origin of the detonated explosive. The ratios of the stated stable isotopes in the undetonated explosive were also determined. Despite some reservations in the quality of the data resulting from contamination by nonexplosive components, certain trends can be discerned. (1) Carbon isotopes allow aromatic explosives to be distinguished from nonaromatic explosives. This trend seems to carry through the detonation so that the distinction might be made after the fact. (2) The amination process for TATB can be detected through the hydrogen and, to some extent, the nitrogen isotope ratios. Unfortunately, the data are not sufficiently good to determine if this differential carries through the detonation. (3) The relative magnitude and sign of the nitrogen isotope ratio seems to carry through the detonation: some exchange with atmospheric nitrogen is probable. Even though this set of experiments must also be viewed as preliminary, there is a definite indication that certain qualitative characteristics of explosives can be detected after the detonation. This {open_quotes}signature{close_quotes} could have application to both intelligence and counter terrorism.
beta-Amyloid[1-40]-induced early hyperpolarization in M26-1F cells, an immortalized rat striatal cell line. (1999)

The short-term (20-minute) action of beta[1-40]-amyloid on the resting transmembrane potential was investigated by means of flow-cytofluorimetric studies in M26-1F cells, an immortalized rat striatal cell line, using the potential-sensitive fluorescent probe bis-oxonol. The distribution of the individual cell-associated probe fluorescence was found to be shifted to lower levels in cells treated with beta-amyloid[1-40] for 20 minutes as compared with that of their untreated counterparts. A change in the same direction was caused by valinomycin, a hyperpolarizing ionophore, whereas gramicidin, a depolarizing ionophore, induced a shift to higher fluorescence intensities. These findings, together with the reported behaviour of this particular fluorescent probe at different transmembrane potential levels, indicate that beta-amyloid[1-40] is capable of inducing early hyperpolarization in M26-1F cells. This is one of the earliest cell physiological effect of beta-amyloid peptides that has been reported so far. Moreover, our findings indicate an ionophore-like action of amyloid peptides.
A detailed balance analysis of conversion efficiencies limits for nanocrystal solar cells—Relating the shape of the excitonic peak to conversion efficiencies (2014)

We report the detailed balance analysis of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of nanocrystal solar cells with discrete excitonic absorption profiles. We calculated the conversion efficiency limits of single junction, multiexciton, and tandem solar cells as a function of exciton peak energy and width. We delineate the width of the absorption spectrum in terms of the energetic width of an isolated nanocrystal and the physical width due to the nanocrystal diameter distribution in the ensemble. Our results suggest that the conversion efficiency is less strongly impacted by the ensemble distribution than by the energetic peak width.
Directional Transport of Polymer Sheet and a Microsphere by a Rationally Aligned Nanowire Array (2012)

Aligned oblique nanowire arrays (AONWAs; top image) with controllable obliquity, NW diameter, length, and density are produced by a novel method. A mechanism of array formation is proposed and it is demonstrated that the surface structure of AONWAs can be utilized to transport objects ranging from a polystyrene microsphere to a macroscopic PET sheet (lower figures). Unidirectional wetting of the surface and the relation between the anisotropy of the wetting and the NWs' obliquity are described. Potential applications of the AONWAs include fluidic diodes, drug delivery systems, and self-cleaning without a liquid. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Abstract Intelligence (2017)

Basic studies in denotational mathematics and mathematical engineering have led to the theory of abstract intelligence (aI), which is a set of mathematical models of natural and computational intelligence in cognitive informatics (CI) and cognitive computing (CC). Abstract intelligence triggers the recent breakthroughs in cognitive systems such as cognitive computers, cognitive robots, cognitive neural networks, and cognitive learning. This paper reports a set of position statements presented in the plenary panel (Part II) of IEEE ICCI*CC'16 on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing at Stanford University. The summary is contributed by invited panelists who are part of the world's renowned scholars in the transdisciplinary field of CI and CC.