gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of embedded thin-film capacitors for mixed signal applications on fully organic system-on-package technology (2003)

As part of the system on package (SOP) concept being developed at the Packaging Research Center (PRC), Georgia Institute of Technology, a test vehicle to demonstrate the suppression of simultaneous switching noise (SSN) using embedded decoupling capacitors with polymer-ceramic composites as the dielectric was implemented. Similarly, the test vehicle was used for the characterization of the dielectric to demonstrate its feasibility in RF applications. One of the key factors for the integration of future systems is the incorporation of functionality into the substrate by using low cost, low temperature (<150/spl deg/C) sequential build-up processes. In order for embedded decoupling capacitors to be effective in mixed signal systems, the material properties of the dielectric must be well characterized. For the decoupling and RF capacitor, the capacitance and the self-resonant frequency values are critical properties. Also, the impact and importance of varying dielectric thickness on a large area was studied. The capacitors developed and characterized here compare well to some commercially available surface mount components; furthermore, this work represents the first demonstration of a single embedded capacitor technology for both low to mid-frequency decoupling and RF applications on a large area fully organic substrate. This study will have significant impact on high-end mixed signal systems.
An advanced magnetic resonance imaging perspective on the etiology of deep tissue injury (2018)

Early diagnosis of deep tissue injury remains problematic due to the complicated and multifactorial nature of damage induction and the many processes involved in damage development and recovery. In this paper, we present a comprehensive assessment of deep tissue injury development and remodeling in a rat model by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology. The tibialis anterior muscle of rats was subjected to mechanical deformation for 2 h. Multiparametric in vivo MRI, consisting of T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>*, mean diffusivity (MD), and angiography measurements, was applied before, during, and directly after indentation as well as at several time points during a 14-day follow-up. MRI readouts were linked to histological analyses of the damaged tissue. The results showed dynamic change in various MRI parameters, reflecting the histopathological status of the tissue during damage induction and repair. Increased T<sub>2</sub> corresponded with edema, muscle cell damage, and inflammation. T<sub>2</sub>* was related to tissue perfusion, hemorrhage, and inflammation. MD increase and decrease was reported on the tissue's microstructural integrity and reflected muscle degeneration and edema as well as fibrosis. Angiography provided information on blockage of blood flow during deformation. Our results indicate that the effects of a single damage-causing event of only 2 h of deformation were present up to 14 days. The initial tissue response to deformation, as observed by MRI, starts at the edge of the indentation. The quantitative MRI readouts provided distinct and complementary information on the extent, temporal evolution, and microstructural basis of deep tissue injury-related muscle damage. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have applied a multiparametric MRI approach linked to histopathology to characterize damage development and remodeling in a rat model of deep tissue injury. Our approach provided several relevant insights in deep tissue injury. Response to damage, as observed by MRI, started at some distance from the deformation. Damage after a single indentation period persisted up to 14 days. The MRI parameters provided distinct and complementary information on the microstructural basis of the damage.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SILYL DERIVATIVES OF MONOETHANOLAMINE (1984)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des O‐Silylurethans (I) mit Chlormethyldimethylchlorsilan (II) liefert ein SiIa‐oxa‐aza‐cyclohe xan (III).
Singlet oxygen sensitisation by excited state DNA (1994)

Singlet oxygen quantum yields from the triplet excited states of DNA, nucleotides, dinucleosides, purine and pyrimidine bases in solution have been determined—for guanine-containing moieties no singlet oxyge was detected, and possible implications pertaining to DNA photodamage are discussed.
Autoimmune Epithelitis and Chronic Inflammation in Sjögren’s Syndrome-Related Dry Eye Disease (2021)

Autoimmune epithelitis and chronic inflammation are one of the characteristic features of the immune pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-related dry eye disease. Autoimmune epithelitis can cause the dysfunction of the excretion of tear fluid and mucin from the lacrimal glands and conjunctival epithelia and meibum from the meibomian glands. The lacrimal gland and conjunctival epithelia express major histocompatibility complex class II or human leukocyte antigen-DR and costimulatory molecules, acting as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells for T cell and B cell activation in SS. Ocular surface epithelium dysfunction can lead to dry eye disease in SS. Considering the mechanisms underlying SS-related dry eye disease, this review highlights autoimmune epithelitis of the ocular surface, chronic inflammation, and several other molecules in the tear film, cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands that represent potential targets in the treatment of SS-related dry eye disease.
Comparison of wavelet and correlation indices of cerebral autoregulation in a pediatric swine model of cardiac arrest (2020)

Existing cerebrovascular blood pressure autoregulation metrics have not been translated to clinical care for pediatric cardiac arrest, in part because signal noise causes high index time-variability. We tested whether a wavelet method that uses near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or intracranial pressure (ICP) decreases index variability compared to that of commonly used correlation indices. We also compared whether the methods identify the optimal arterial blood pressure (ABPopt) and lower limit of autoregulation (LLA). 68 piglets were randomized to cardiac arrest or sham procedure with continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow using laser Doppler, NIRS and ICP. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) was gradually reduced until it dropped to below the LLA. Several autoregulation indices were calculated using correlation and wavelet methods, including the pressure reactivity index (PRx and wPRx), cerebral oximetry index (COx and wCOx), and hemoglobin volume index (HVx and wHVx). Wavelet methodology had less index variability with smaller standard deviations. Both wavelet and correlation methods distinguished functional autoregulation (ABP above LLA) from dysfunctional autoregulation (ABP below the LLA). Both wavelet and correlation methods also identified ABPopt with high agreement. Thus, wavelet methodology using NIRS may offer an accurate vasoreactivity monitoring method with reduced signal noise after pediatric cardiac arrest.
Large Dense‐Core Vesicles in Rat Adrenal After Reserpine: Levels of mRNAs of Soluble and Membrane‐Bound: Constituents in Chromaffin and Ganglion Cells Indicate a Biosynthesis of Vesicles with Higher Secretory Quanta (1994)

Rats were injected with a large dose of reserpine known to stimulate the adrenal medulla. Various times after drug treatment the mRNA levels of several constituents of large dense-core vesicles were determined by northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. The latter method allowed detection of changes in mRNA levels not only in chromaffin cells, but also in the ganglion cells found in adrenal medulla. Levels of the mRNAs of secretory components of large dense-core vesicles (chromogranins A and B, secretogranin II, VGF, and neuropeptide Y) increased in chromaffin cells by 215-857% after 1-3 days of drug treatment. For partly membrane-bound components (dopamine beta-hydroxylase, prohormone convertase 2, carboxypeptidase H, and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase) the changes ranged from 182 to 315%, whereas for glycoprotein III and for intrinsic membrane proteins (cytochrome b561 and vesicle monoamine transporter 2) no change occurred. In ganglion cells the mRNAs that could be detected for VGF, neuropeptide Y, secretogranin II, carboxypeptidase H, and vesicle monoamine transporter 1 showed an analogous pattern of change, with significant increases for the secretory proteins and no change for the membrane components. From these and previous results we suggest the following concept: Long-lasting stimulation of chromaffin cells or neurons does not induce the biosynthesis of a larger number of vesicles but rather leads to the formation of vesicles containing higher secretory quanta of chromogranins and neuropeptides.
Resuscitation from Hemorrhagic Shock with Ringer's Ethyl Pyruvate Solution Improves Survival And Ameliorates Intestinal Mucosal Hyperpermeability in Rats (2002)

We previously showed that pretreatment with a solution of ethyl pyruvate in a calcium-containing balanced salt solution, Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS), ameliorates gut mucosal damage in rats subjected to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. Herein, we sought to test the hypothesis that REPS would be beneficial as a post-treatment (i.e., resuscitation fluid) for hemorrhagic shock. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg until 40% of shed blood was returned. The animals then were resuscitated over 60 min with the remaining shed blood plus twice the shed blood volume as either Ringer's lactate solution (RLS) or REPS. In Experiment 1, RLS or REPS was then infused for 3 h more (or until death) at 3 mL/kg/h. Read-outs were post-resuscitation ileal mucosal permeability to fluorescein-labeled Dextran with an average molecular mass of 4000 Da (FD4) and survival. Permeability, determined just before death (MAP < 40 mmHg) or after 4 h of resuscitation, was assessed using an ex vivo everted gut sac technique and is expressed as a clearance (nL/cm/min). In Experiment 2, the read-outs were ileal FD4 permeability measured at 60 min after starting resuscitation and gut and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. FD4 clearance data were logarithmically transformed prior to performing statistical analyses. In Experiment 1, 4/8 (50%) of RLS-treated rats survived 4 h after resuscitation whereas 7/7 (100%) of REPS-treated rats survived (P< 0.05). Ileal FD4 clearances were 105 +/- 30*, 85 +/- 34*, and 38 +/- 7 for all rats treated with RLS, surviving rats treated with RLS, and rats treated with REPS, respectively (the asterisk indicates P < 0.05 vs. REPS). In Experiment 2, ileal FD4 clearances were 71 +/- 13* and 34 +/- 8 for rats treated with RLS and REPS (n = 5 each), respectively. Post-resuscitation levels of MDA in the ileum and liver were significantly lower in rats treated with REPS as compared with RLS. Resuscitation with REPS, a stable and nontoxic antioxidant solution, improves survival and ameliorates ileal mucosal permeability in a rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock.
Subsurface wireless chemical sensing strategy compatible with Ground Penetrating RADAR (2017)

Ground Penetrating RADAR (GPR) is a suitable measurement candidate for the development of interrogative systems of passive buried transducers acting as cooperative targets in the field of sub-surface sensing. We address the compatibility of GPR for monitoring chemical compounds in soil or in the water table. This has been achieved by using a chemical sensor based on surface acoustic wave reflective delay lines interrogated by a GPR. As model target, we focus on hydrogen sulfide, which is a gas soluble in water causing health hazard and water pollution. After demonstrating the chemical functionalization of acoustic delay lines with a polymer designed for hydrogen sulfide detection through the specific reaction of sulfur with lead, we have successfully achieved the detection of hydrogen sulfide in air by GPR. We then consider extending this strategy towards sensors operating in liquid phase.
I11 Pharmacologic inhibition of the classical complement pathway enhances neuronal function and HD R6/2 mouse survival (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. <h3>Aim</h3> There is human evidence of increased complement biosynthesis and activation in HD, with increased immunoreactivity for C1q, C4, C3 and C3b observed in striatal neurons, astrocyte, and microglia cells. However, the role of the classical pathway in HD pathogenesis is unclear. <h3>Methods</h3> Using the R6/2 mouse model of HD with ~ 120 CAG expansion, we investigated alteration of classical complement cascade in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), we evaluated correlation of classical complement C1q levels with the neurodegenerative biomarker Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL) levels and assessed efficacy of anti C1q mAb therapy in preventing neurodegeneration and ameliorating disease progression. <h3>Results</h3> We found evidence of perturbations in the complement pathway, such as significant increase in plasma levels of C1q, C1s, C4, C3 and C3d during disease progression. Positive correlation of plasma C1q with CSF NFL levels was observed, suggesting a role of the classical complement cascade in neurodegeneration and disease progression. To test this hypothesis, we pharmacologically inhibited the classical pathway via systemic administration of anti-C1q mAb (ANX-M1, Annexon Biosciences). We observed that reduction of free C1q by anti C1q mAb therapy resulted in normalized complement pathway activity, reduced levels of CSF NFL, improved motor behavior measured with the open field assay and improved R6/2 mouse survival. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Altogether this study suggests that inhibiting C1q restores synaptic and neuronal health in mice with expanded CAG repeats in the HTT gene and C1q is a potential pharmacological target in HD. A Phase 2 study of ANX005 anti-C1q therapy in HD patients (clinical trials.gov NCT04514367) is ongoing.
Quantum Imaging X—ray CT Systems Based on GaAs Radiation Detectors Using Perspective Imaging Reconstruction Techniques (2009)

LAN connection X-ray source Control and power electronic Quantum Imaging X–ray CT Systems Based on GaAs Radiation Detectors Using Perspective Imaging Reconstruction Techniques J. Přibil , B. Zaťko , I. Frollo , F. Dubecký , P. Scepko 3 and J. Mudroň 4 1 Institute of Measurement Science, SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia, umerprib@savba.sk 2 Institute of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia 3 T&N System, Ltd., Severna 5, SK-974 01 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia 4 MTC, a. s., Kuzmanyho 11, SK-031 01, Liptovský Mikulas, Slovakia
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Methionine Synthase Activity in Vivo and Disrupts Carbon Flow through the Folate Pathway (2001)

Many of nitric oxide's biological effects are mediated via NO binding to the iron in heme-containing proteins. Cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) is structurally similar to heme and is a cofactor for methionine synthase, a key enzyme in folate metabolism. NO inhibits methionine synthase activity in vitro, but data concerning NO binding to cobalamin are controversial. We now show spectroscopically that NO reacts with all three valency states of cobalamin and that NO's inhibition of methionine synthase activity most likely involves its reaction with monovalent cobalamin. By following incorporation of the methyl moiety of [(14)C]methyltetrahydrofolic acid into protein, we show that NO inhibits methionine synthase activity in vivo, in cultured mammalian cells. The inhibition of methionine synthase activity disrupted carbon flow through the folate pathway as measured by decreased incorporation of [(14)C]formate into methionine, serine, and purine nucleotides. Homocysteine, but not cysteine, attenuated NO's inhibition of purine synthesis, providing further evidence that NO was acting through methionine synthase inhibition. NO's effect was observed both when NO donors were added to cells and when NO was produced physiologically in co-culture experiments. Treating cells with an NO synthase inhibitor increased formate incorporation into methionine, serine, and purines and methyl-tetrahydrofolate incorporation into protein. Thus, physiological concentrations of NO appear to regulate carbon flow through the folate pathway.
Guanethidine Sulfate in the Prevention of Autonomic Hyperreflexia (1980)

Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury Service, Jackson Memorial Hospital, and Veterans Administration Hospital, Miami, Florida
The molecular drag pump: Principle, characteristics, and applications (1988)

The molecular drag pump (MDP) was invented in the 1920s, forgotten during a long time, and was recently reintroduced as a high-vacuum pump competing against the turbomolecular pumps and the Roots blowers. The present paper reviews the MDP principle of operation, with an emphasis on the drum type, and its theory. In order to enhance the performances of the original Holweck’s pump, the modern MDP’s are oil-free multigroove pumps with a variable channel optimized for high compression ratio (109) and high discharge pressure (up to 50 mbar). With a base pressure in the 10−7 mbar pressure range, MDP’s can be used to evacuate small volumes under clean conditions (oil free) in applications like mass spectrometry or UHV system, as well as to pump the corrosive by-products in plasma etching.
Preparation of monoclonal antibody against human lung cancer and purification of its antigen by the immunoaffinity chromatography (2006)

Objective:To produce the mcAb specifically reacting with lung cancer and to purificate its antigen.Methods:The mice were immunized with A549, the mcAb 2B9 was screened by indirect cell ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and its antigen was purificated by immunoaffinity chromatography.Results:A mcAb was obtained, which could react to lung cancer but very little or not to normal lung tissue and other caner tissues, and the antigen of the mcAb was purificated from the cell lysate.Conclusion:A mcAb which can react to lung cancer have been obtained and its antigen was purificated, they may be useful on clinic for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
TRAFFIC NOISE REDUCTION BY EARTH BERMS (1972)

BY USING NATURAL EARTH BERMS THAT WERE SHORT IN LENGTH AND IRREGULAR IN SHAPE, MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE WITH TRUCKS AS THE NOISE SOURCE TO PROVIDE COMPARISONS WITH THEORETICAL FORMULAS. STANDARD A-WEIGHTED NETWORK - GENERAL RADIO EQUIPMENT - WAS UTILIZED IN OBTAINING NOISE ATTENUATION LEVELS.
수생태계 독성평가에 적용 가능한 국내 시험종 선정 (2007)

본 연구에서는 국제적으로 이용되고 있는 생태독성 시험종 중에서, 국내 생태독성 평가에 적용 가능한 시험종을 파악해보았다. 대상 화학물질 41개 항목에 대해 수집된 생태독성 시험종은 총 265종으로, 이 중 국내 생태독성 평가에 적용 가능한 시험종은 총 71종으로 분류되었다. 생물 분류군별로 살펴보면, 어류 7종, 무척추동물군 26종 중 환형동물 2종, 태형동물 2종, 갑각류 13종, 곤충류 3종, 연체동물 4종, 편형동물 1종, 원생동물 1종, 식물군 26종 중 규조류 9종, 녹조류 14종, 대형수생식물 3종, 기타군 12종 중 양서류 2종, 세균류 3종, 남조류 6종, 균류 1종이다. 생태독성 시험종 중 국내 시험종의 비율을 살펴보면, 26.8%로 국내 생태독성 평가에 적용 가능한 시험종이 그리 넉넉하지 않은 실정임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 국내 생태독성 평가에 적용 가능한 국내 시험종을 개발하고 더 나아가 국내종을 이용한 생태독성 시험법을 정립함으로써 국내 생태독성 평가를 위한 독성자료 구축연구가 장기적으로 추진되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 【The use of aquatic species in ecotoxicity research is well established in developed countries. However, there are limitations of using the species that are not native to Korea, and the toxicity data produced by domestic test species are significantly needed to reflect the domestic situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the domestic species that can be applicable for the aquatic toxicity assessment in Korea. Aquatic toxicity data were collected in the framework of the project 'Development of integrated methodology for evaluation of water environment' to obtain a range of test species used for aquatic toxicity assessment internationally. The test species collected were evaluated in terms of domestic distribution based on the reliable references and the advices of experts. We figured out the 71 test species native to Korea. They included 7 fish, 26 invertebrates (2 annelids, 2 bryozoa, 13 crustaceans, 3 insects, 4 mollusc, 1 platyhelminth, and 1 protozoan), 26 plants (9 diatoms, 14 green algae, 3 macrophytes), and 12 others (2 amphibians, 3 bacteria, 6 blue-green algae, and 1 fungus). The result of this study should be a very useful information for ecotoxicity assessment in aquatic ecosystem, especially in choosing the test species applicable for the ecotoxicity in Korea hereafter.】
Influence of helium metastables on plasma emission spectroscopy (1995)

Plasma induced emission spectroscopy with spatial and temporal resolution is a standard diagnostic for basic research of radio-frequency discharges. The plasma induced emission reflects-apart from a temporal convolution with the life-time of the upper level-the temporal dynamics of the high-energetic part of the electron-energy-distribution-function (EEDF) above the threshold for excitation from ground state (He: {approximately}19 eV). In a helium-RF-discharge an additional population of the upper level of the radiative transition by electron collision excitation from metastable states (excitation threshold several eV) has to be taken into account. Due to the fact that in a helium RF-discharge the low-energetic part of the EEDF is nearly constant in time, the spatio-temporal emission profiles can be considerably distorted depending on the metastable density. The spatio-temporal emission profiles of several lines of a helium-RF-discharge are measured at maximum and reduced metastable density (quenched by a controllable nitrogen contamination of 100-1000 ppm and measured by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy). Probe measurements indicate that the influence of the nitrogen contamination on the other plasma parameters can be neglected. The differences in the spatio-temporal emission profiles are discussed on the basis of excitation rates into the upper level of the observed transition by electronic collisions from themore » ground state and from metastable states.« less
High-Resolution Directional Wave Spectra from Horizontally Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Meters (1988)

The paper discusses the estimation of directional wave spectra by the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method. The performance of the estimate is illustrated using data obtained by an Acoustic Doppler Current Meter in the CUrrent Measurement EXperiment (CUMEX) in the Norwegian Sea.
Initial study for the investigation of breast tumour response with classification algorithms using a microwave radar prototype (2016)

In this paper classification algorithms will be used to investigate the presence of tumours in the breast, from signals collected with a radar microwave imaging prototype from the University of Bristol. A number of features will be extracted from the scattering of breast tumours and will then be used in classification algorithms such as Linear Discriminant Analysis or Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. The results from the classifier will allow creating an image of the considered synthetic breast phantom in which normal breast tissue is classified as a “miss” and tumour tissue is classified as a “hit”.