gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind Identification of Invertible Graph Filters with Multiple Sparse Inputs (2018)

This paper deals with the problem of blind identification of a graph filter and its sparse input signal, thus broadening the scope of classical blind deconvolution of temporal and spatial signals to irregular graph domains. While the observations are bilinear functions of the unknowns, a mild requirement on invertibility of the filter enables an efficient convex formulation, without relying on matrix lifting that can hinder applicability to large graphs. On top of scaling, it is argued that (non-cyclic) permutation ambiguities may arise with some particular graphs. Deterministic sufficient conditions under which the proposed convex relaxation can exactly recover the unknowns are stated, along with those guaranteeing identifiability under the Bernoulli-Gaussian model for the inputs. Numerical tests with synthetic and real-world networks illustrate the merits of the proposed algorithm, as well as the benefits of leveraging multiple signals to aid the (blind) localization of sources of diffusion.
A Study on the Safety Improvement of Mixed Acid Storage Facility through the Accident Investigation Applicated by RCA (2018)

Mixed acid is very reactive and highly corrosive. it has been causing many accidents in a electronic industry, a steel industry, and a chemical industry. Therefore, it is required that the high safety level for the acid storage facilities. In this study, we investigated the accident causes for resent leak accidents with Root Cause Analysis (RCA). The root causes analysed by RCA were categorized as nine divisions by the their characteristics. Furthermore, each nine divisions causes was applied to the PDCA model which are using at OHSAS 18001. It is suggested that the nine division with the root causes can be the essential items for the development of the safety management manual. It is helpful to the safety improvement of the acid storage facility.
On-the-Fly Phase Transition and Density Changes of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems on a Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform (2021)

This paper describes on-the-fly physical property changes of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) in microfluidic devices. The properties and phases of the ATPS are modulated on-demand by using a centrifugal microfluidic device filled with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran (DEX) solutions. By use of the centrifugal force and active pneumatic controls provided by a centrifugal microfluidic platform (CMP), PEG-DEX mixtures are manipulated and processed inside simple thermoplastic microfluidic devices. First, we experimentally demonstrate an on-chip ATPS transition from two phases to a single phase and vice versa by dynamically changing the concentration of the solution to bring ATPS across the binodal curve. We also demonstrate a density modulation scheme by introducing an ATPS solution mixed with sodium diatrizoate hydrate, which allows to increase the liquid density. By adding precisely metered volumes of water, we spontaneously change the density of the solution on the CMP and show that density marker microbeads fall into the solution according to their corresponding densities. The measured densities of ATPS show a good agreement with densities of microbeads and analytical plots. The results presented in this paper highlight the tremendous potential of CMPs for performing complex on-chip processing of ATPS. We anticipate that this method will be useful in applications such as microparticle-based plasma protein analysis and blood cell fractionation.
Calculating radiative matrix elements for semiconductors (1998)

We check the accuracy of the Kane approximation, relating radiative matrix elements to the conduction-band effective mass. We prove that the Kane approximation is good to better than 1% accuracy in GaAs. Similar accuracy should hold in most applications of the Kane approximation to group iii–iv and group iv semiconductors.
Intelligent Sun Tracking for a CPV Power Plant (2010)

The output of a solar panel is strongly dependent on the amount of perpendicular light flux falling on its surface, and a tracking system tries to parallel the vector area of the solar panel surface to the incident solar flux. We present a tracking technique based on a two‐axis sun sensor which can be used to increase the power output from a number of CPV arrays connected together in a solar power plant. The outdoor testing procedure of the developed two‐axis sun sensor is discussed. The detail of the algorithm used together with the related sun tracking equipment is also presented and discussed for the new two axes sun tracking system.
Evaluation of API RP 14E Erosional Velocity Limitations for Offshore Gas Wells (1983)

Abstract In order to avoid erosion damage and associated problems in two-phase flow systems, API RP14E recommends limiting the maximum production velocity to a value defined by the following empirical equation:(Equation Available In Full Paper) Evaluation of the above equation has shown that in cases where the form of the equation can be rationalized, the value of C, as recommended by API, is extremely conservative. These cases include erosion due to liquid particle Impingement and corrosion-assisted erosion due to the stripping of corrosion inhibitor films. For the case of erosion due to sand particles entrained in the fluid, the form of the equation appears to be incorrect. The API RP14E recommendations to reduce the value of C to account for sand in the produced fluid is, therefore, improper. A method for calculating erosion damage as a function of fluid and flow characteristics is proposed. This approach can be used to calculate a limiting flow velocity for any specified allowable erosion rate. Introduction The production of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs is associated mainly with the flow of a liquid (oil and water), gas (natural gas), and/or solid (sand). This flow situation is essentially one of a liquid-gas, two-phase flow with entrained solid particles. When the fluid flow in a pipe is disturbed due to a local change in direction, a velocity component normal to the pipe wall will be introduced, resulting in repeated impacts on the pipe wall. Erosion damage of the pipe is caused by the repeated bombardment of liquid and solid particles. The erosion damage is enhanced by increasing the production- capacity of a given flow system (Le., increasing flow velocity). In order to avoid potential erosion problems, most oil companies have been limiting their production rate by reducing the flow velocity to a level below which it is believed that erosion does not occur. This limiting flow velocity is calculated using the API RP14Erecommended empirical equation1: (Equation Available In Full Paper) For a sand-free, two-phase flow situation, the C factor is limited to 100 for continuous flow and 125 for intermittent flow. The API RP14E recommends the use of a lower unspecified C factor for fluids containing sand. Previously, production rates were generally restricted to lower values than those specified by Equation (1) due to fear of formation damage or excessive sand production. However, the recent advances in well completion procedures, sand control techniques, and our understanding of reservoirs' flow behavior permit higher production rates. These developments, in addition to the current economic incentives, are motivating the oil industry to increase production rates, particularly for high-capacity gas wells. Under this condition, the API RP14E erosional velocity equation represents a major obstacle. Although the API equation has been widely accepted, the authors were unsuccessful in all attempts to determine the basis of this equation.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclo‐β‐peptides: Structure and Tubular Stacking of Cyclic Tetramers (I), (II), and (III) of 3‐Aminobutanoic Acid as Determined from Powder Diffraction Data. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fatigue Crack Propagation Analysis for Micro Solder Joints with Void (2006)

Voids in a solder joint can reduce their fatigue life. Voids are caused by the presence of flux in solder paste during reflow soldering, and they are difficult to remove completely. From numerical analysis, we aimed to obtain criteria for evaluating the effect of voids on fatigue life in a solder joint. We investigated crack propagation in the microsolder joints of a semiconductor and developed a new crack propagation model. In our model, the fatigue life of a solder joint is evaluated based on damage that is accumulated during crack propagation, and crack paths are automatically calculated. The crack-propagation behavior of a center-cracked-plate (CCP) specimen calculated using the model agreed well with that obtained from measurement. Using our model, we analyzed the effect of positions and sizes of voids on crack paths and the fatigue life of a ball grid array (BGA) structure. The crack paths and the fatigue life were both found to strongly depend on the positions and sizes of voids. We have achieved a reliable method of evaluating the effects of voids in a solder joint.
Measurement of IGBT trench MOS-gated region characteristics using short turn-around-time MOSFET test structures (2018)

Trench MOSFET test structures were fabricated for evaluating IGBT MOS-gated region performance. It was found that the test structures can be used for measuring saturation and sub-threshold current, though accurate estimation of linear resistance is difficult. Charge pumping measurement can be used to evaluate the oxide/substrate interface quality, for possible application to process optimization.
Directed Self-Assembly of Polystyrene Nanospheres by Direct Laser-Writing Lithography (2020)

In this work, we performed a systematic study on the effect of the geometry of pre-patterned templates and spin-coating conditions on the self-assembling process of colloidal nanospheres. To achieve this goal, large-scale templates, with different size and shape, were generated by direct laser-writer lithography over square millimetre areas. When deposited over patterned templates, the ordering dynamics of the self-assembled nanospheres exhibits an inverse trend with respect to that observed for the maximisation of the correlation length ξ on a flat surface. Furthermore, the self-assembly process was found to be strongly dependent on the height (H) of the template sidewalls. In particular, we observed that, when H is 0.6 times the nanospheres diameter and spinning speed 2500 rpm, the formation of a confined and well ordered monolayer is promoted. To unveil the defects generation inside the templates, a systematic assessment of the directed self-assembly quality was performed by a novel method based on Delaunay triangulation. As a result of this study, we found that, in the best deposition conditions, the self-assembly process leads to well-ordered monolayer that extended for tens of micrometres within the linear templates, where 96.2% of them is aligned with the template sidewalls.
A Distributed Message Delivery Infrastructure for Connected Vehicle Technology Applications (2017)

A complex and vast amount of data will be collected from on-board sensors of operational connected vehicles (CVs), infrastructure data sources such as roadway sensors and traffic signals, mobile data sources such as cell phones, social media sources such as Twitter, and news and weather data services. Unfortunately, these data will create a bottleneck at data centers for processing and retrievals of collected data, and will require the deployment of additional message transfer infrastructure between data producers and consumers to support diverse CV applications. In this paper, we present a strategy for creating an efficient and low-latency distributed message delivery system for CV applications using a distributed message delivery platform. This strategy enables large-scale ingestion, curation, and transformation of unstructured data (roadway traffic-related and roadway non-traffic-related data) into labeled and customized topics for a large number of subscribers or consumers, such as CVs, mobile devices, and data centers. We evaluate the performance of this strategy by developing a prototype infrastructure using Apache Kafka, an open source message delivery system, and compared its performance with the latency requirements of CV applications. We present experimental results of the message delivery infrastructure on two different distributed computing testbeds at Clemson University: the Holocron cluster and the Palmetto cluster. Experiments were performed to measure the latency of the message delivery system for a variety of testing scenarios. These experiments reveal that measured latencies are less than the U.S. Department of Transportation recommended latency requirements for CV applications, which prove the efficacy of the system for CV related data distribution and management tasks.
Frequency-Mismatch-Tolerant Silicon Vibratory Gyroscope without Vacuum Package for Automotive Applications (2006)

This paper describes a low-cost silicon vibratory gyroscope that tolerates a relatively large mismatch between the driving-mode and sensing-mode frequencies. The gyroscope is based on beam-mass structure and realized by one silicon proof mass and two beams for the driving and sensing mode. Piezoelectric actuation is used to produce a large driving mode vibration displacement (about 100 μm) with about 32 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">peak-to-peak</sub> . Two tiny sensing beams are separated from the vertical silicon beam to increase the sensitivity while keeping the sensing-mode resonant frequency high. Piezoresistive and piezoelectrical sensing mechanisms are applied to two different gyroscopes. The gyroscope operating at 1-4 kHz is capable of sub-degree-per-second angular rate sensitivity without any vacuum package.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Analysis Using High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease (2015)

Our data strengthens the link between retinal ganglion cell neuronal and optic nerve axonal loss with AD, and suggest that assessment of macular GC-IPL can be a test to detect neuronal injury in early AD and MCI.
Air–Liquid Interfacial Self-Assembly of Non-Amphiphilic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Homopolymers (2017)

Here, we demonstrate that the self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) at the air-water interface can lead to free-standing films of densely packed P3HT nanowires. Interfacial self-assembly on various liquid subphases, such as water, diethylene glycol, and glycerol, indicates that the viscosity of the subphase is an important factor for the formation of well-ordered nanostructures. The thin-film morphology is also sensitive to the concentration of P3HT, its molecular weight (MW), and the presence of oxidative defects. The densely packed nanowire films can be easily transferred to solid substrates for device applications. The ultrathin films of P3HT prepared by the interfacial assembly showed significantly higher hole mobility (∼3.6 × 10<sup>-2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/V s) in a field-effect transistor than comparably thin spin-cast films. This work demonstrates that the air-liquid interfacial assembly is not limited to amphiphilic polymers and can, under optimized conditions, be applied to fabricate ultrathin films of widely used conjugated polymers with controlled morphologies.
Application of UWB Arrays for Material Identification of Multilayer Media in Metallic Tanks (2015)

In this paper, a compact eight-element antenna array is designed for ultra-wide band (UWB) pulsed radar in highly reflective metallic environments, such as storage and transport tankers. The impact of the sidewalls in metallic tanks is to increase noise and create spurious signals due to sidewall reflection that limits accuracy and causes liquid level and material property measurement errors. The designed Vivaldi antenna and array are characterized in terms of the transient energy patterns and the signal fidelity given in terms of the off-angle signal correlation. Comparison with horn antennas is made. Antenna transient signals are calculated from the frequency-domain data. The 10-dB transient energy pattern beamwidth in the E-plane is improved from 130° to 50° using the eight-element array versus single element. Also, the signal correlation and fidelity for off-broadside angles is greatly reduced. The reflection data from a multilayer of canola oil on metal-backed marble is processed with a calibrated layer-stripping technique for material properties. The transient radiation patterns of the array are compared to that of two horn antennas with similar dimensions. The noise/interference and measurement error is shown to be greatly reduced using an array compared to horn antennas in a realistic tank environment.
The Effect of Thorium on Thrombin (1971)

Abstract Both the proteolytic and esterolytic activity of thrombin were destroyed by as little as 50 µm thorium chloride. The inhibition of thrombin was prevented by anions complexing thorium and potentiated by substrate, calcium, or lowering of the pH of the reactive mixture. The thorium-treated enzyme showed a decrease in Vm but not Km and a shift in its pH activity profile to a more alkaline range. In order to ascertain whether carboxyl groups were involved in this reaction with ThCl4, the carbodiimide-nucleophile reaction was studied. Progressive inactivation of thrombin with marked potentiation by calcium and substrate were observed similar to the reaction with thorium. Eight moles of 14C-glycine ethyl ester per mole of protein were incorporated under nondenaturing conditions in the presence of low concentrations of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide with 80% loss of activity. When thorium-treated enzyme was similarly treated with carbodiimide, less than 1 mole of glycine ethyl ester was incorporated, suggesting that similar carboxyl groups were also involved in the modification by thorium. The accessibility of the free carboxyl groups whose integrity appears essential to the enzymatic function of thrombin seems to be critically dependent on conformational changes in the molecule.
Experimental Evaluation of the Physical Characteristics of a 45-MEV Medical Linear Electron Accelerator (1956)

T He Specific components designed for the therapeutic application of the 45-MEV linear electron accelerator installed at Michael Reese Hospital and the general principles of operation of this apparatus have previously been reported (1). An electron beam was first released from the accelerator tube on March 6,1954, but measurements of the physical characteristics of the entire system could be carried out only after the magnet system had been designed, manufactured, and installed. Theoretically, a linear electron accelerator could be designed in such a manner as to produce a practically monoenergetic electron beam of definite size with energy controlled by the amount of input power or frequency. In the present stage of development, however, an external magnet system is required for the control of the energy and other physical properties of the output electron beam. The performance of the entire system depends as much on the magnets as on the accelerator. In this paper, some basic characteristics of the accelerator itself will be discussed; the principles of design and the measured performance of the magnet system will be explained; finally, experimental results obtained with the composite system will be presented. Only the physical characteristics pertaining to therapeutic applications will be emphasized. Operational Characteristics of the Accelerator Briefly, a traveling-wave linear electron accelerator consists of a disk-loaded copper tube in which an electromagnetic wave with a strong axial electric field and a velocity close to that of light is excited. Mounted at the input end of the tube is an electron gun which injects a beam of electrons into the tube along the axis. These electrons are accelerated by the electric field and pick-up energy until they eventually travel in phase with the wave at a velocity approaching that of light; when they reach the output end of the tube, they have acquired their maximum energy, which is approximately proportional to the square root of the input microwave power used to excite the traveling electromagnetic fields. The injected electrons are uniformly spaced during the injection pulses, but the time phase of the electromagnetic wave varies continuously. The ultimate fate of each electron will therefore depend upon the initial relative phase angle. It can be shown that, for axial electrons with fixed velocity and electromagnetic fields of constant strength; the greatest number of accelerated electrons will assume a certain asymptotic phase angle which determines the peak energy of a long accelerator; other accelerated electrons will assume an asymptotic phase angle between that value and —180o and therefore assume different energies (2). The energy spectra of our accelerator were determined, and the half-intensity width was found to be broader for lower energies. The spectra were obtained by varying the magnetic field of the analyzing magnet for different energies and registering the output current with an ion chamber while the energy-defining slit was adjusted for 1 per cent energy spread.
Infection decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the diaphragm (2009)

Respiratory failure is a major cause of mortality during septic shock and is due in part to decreased ventilatory muscle contraction. Ventilatory muscles have high energy demands; fatty acid (FA) oxidation is an important source of ATP. FA oxidation is regulated by nuclear hormone receptors; studies have shown that the expression of these receptors is decreased in liver, heart, and kidney during sepsis. Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreases FA oxidation and the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), FA transport protein 1 (FATP-1), CD36, carnitine palmitoyltransferase beta, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and acyl-CoA synthetase, key proteins required for FA uptake and oxidation, in the diaphragm. LPS also decreased mRNA levels of PPARalpha and beta/delta, RXRalpha, beta, and gamma, thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta, and estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) and their coactivators PGC-1alpha, PGC-1beta, SRC1, SRC2, Lipin 1, and CBP. Zymosan resulted in similar changes in the diaphragm. Finally, in PPARalpha deficient mice, baseline CPT-1beta and FATP-1 levels were markedly decreased and were not further reduced by LPS suggesting that a decrease in the PPARalpha signaling pathway plays an important role in inducing some of these changes. The decrease in FA oxidation in the diaphragm may be detrimental, leading to decreased diaphragm contraction and an increased risk of respiratory failure during sepsis.