gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced multipurpose incinerator (1990)

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is developing an advanced multipurpose incinerator that combines the fluidized-bed agglomeration/incineration and cyclonic combustion/incineration technologies that have been developed separately at IGT over many years. This two-stage combination results in a unique and extremely flexible multipurpose incinerator for solid, sludge, liquid, and gaseous wastes. This system can operate over a wide range of conditions in the first stage, from low temperature (desorption) to high temperature (agglomeration), including gasification of high-Btu wastes. In the combined system, solid, liquid, and gaseous organic wastes would be easily and efficiently destroyed (>99.99% destruction and removal efficiency (DRE)), whereas solid inorganic contaminants or solid residue would be contained within a glassy matrix, rendering them benign and suitable for disposal in an ordinary landfill. This technology is different from other existing technologies because of its agglomeration and encapsulation capability and its flexibility with respect to the types of wastes it can handle. Both the fluidized bed as well as the cyclonic incineration technologies have been fully developed and tested separately at pilot scales. 12 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Automatic belief network modeling via policy inference for SDN fault localization (2016)

Fault localization for SDN becomes one of the most critical but difficult tasks. Existing tools typically only address a specific part of the problem (e.g., control plane verification, flow checker). In this paper, we propose a new approach to tackle SDN fault localization by automatically Modeling via Policy Inference (called MPI) the causality between SDN faults and their symptoms to a belief network. In the MPI system, a service oriented high level policy language is used to specify network services provisioned between end nodes. MPI parses each service provisioning policy to a logical policy view, which consists of a pair of logical end nodes, a traffic pattern specification, and a list of required network functions (or a service function chain). An SDN controller takes the policies from multiple parties and provisions the requested services on its orchestrated SDN network. MPI queries the controller about the network topology and retrieves flow rules from all SDN switches. MPI maps the policy view to the corresponding implementation view, in which all the logical components in the policy view are mapped to the actual system components along with the actual network topology. Referring to the component causality graph templates derived from SDN reference model, the implementation view of the current running network services can be modeled as a belief network. A heuristic fault reasoning algorithm is adopted to search for the most likely root causes. MPI has been evaluated in both a simulation environment and a real network system for its accuracy and efficiency. The evaluation shows that MPI is a highly scalable, effective and flexible modeling approach to tackle fault localization challenges in a highly dynamic and agile SDN network.
The neuregulin receptor ErbB-4 interacts with PDZ-containing proteins at neuronal synapses (2000)

Neuregulins regulate the expression of ligand- and voltage-gated channels in neurons and skeletal muscle by the activation of their cognate tyrosine kinase receptors, ErbB 1-4. The subcellular distribution and mechanisms that regulate the localization of ErbB receptors are unknown. We have found that ErbB receptors are present in brain subcellular fractions enriched for postsynaptic densities (PSD). The ErbB-4 receptor is unique among the ErbB proteins because its C-terminal tail (T-V-V) conforms to a sequence that binds to a protein motif known as the PDZ domain. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we found that the C-terminal region of ErbB-4 interacts with the three related membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) PSD-95/SAP90, PSD-93/chapsyn-110, and SAP 102, which harbor three PDZ domains, as well as with beta(2)-syntrophin, which has a single PDZ domain. As with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, ErbB4 interacts with the first two PDZ domains of PSD-95. Using coimmunoprecipitation assays, we confirmed the direct interactions between ErbB-4 and PSD-95 in transfected heterologous cells, as well as in vivo, where both proteins are coimmunoprecipitated from brain lysates. Moreover, evidence for colocalization of these proteins was also observed by immunofluorescence in cultured hippocampal neurons. ErbB-4 colocalizes with PSD-95 and NMDA receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses apposed to synaptophysin-positive presynaptic terminals. The capacity of ErbB receptors to interact with PDZ-domain proteins at cell junctions is conserved from invertebrates to mammals. As discussed, the interactions found between receptor tyrosine kinases and MAGUKs at neuronal synapses may have important implications for activity-dependent plasticity.
A Noise-Immune High-Speed Readout Circuit for In-Cell Touch Screen Panels (2013)

Delta-Integration, a novel readout method, is introduced in an effort to solve the noise and speed issues impeding the performance of in-cell touch screen panels. In the proposed method, a differential sensing scheme effectively cancels common noise components and locally occurring noise is spatially low-pass filtered. Due to the consequently enhanced Signal- to-Noise Ratio, the proposed scheme is simply implemented by a comparator and a counter only in place of a complex ADC. The comparator is designed to have a ‘dead-zone’ for noise-immune characteristics. In addition, a new global charge amplifier that has much wider bandwidth and higher current-driving capability than the conventional one is proposed for high speed operation. The prototype chip consumes a static power of 1.15 mW and the total chip area without panel loads is 2.5 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula> .
Performance Analysis of Finite Load Sources in 802.11b Multirate Environments (2003)

Automatic rate adaptation in CSMA wireless networks may cause drastic throughput degradation for high speed bit rate stations (STAs). The CSMA/CA medium access method guarantees equal long-term channel access probability to all hosts when they are saturated. In previous work it has been shown that the saturation throughput of any STA is limited by the saturation throughput of the STA with the lowest bit rate in the same infrastructure. In order to overcome this problem, we first introduce in this paper a new model for nite load sources with multirate capabilities. We use our model to investigate the throughput degradation outside and inside the saturation regime. We define a new fairness index based on the channel occupation time to have more suitable definition of fairness in multirate environments. Further, we propose two simple but powerful mechanisms to partly bypass the observed decline in performance and meet the proposed fairness. Finally, we use our model for finite load sources to evaluate our proposed mechanisms in terms of total throughput and MAC layer delay for various network configurations.
Distinct Functional Roles of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 1 and 5 in the Rat Globus Pallidus (2003)

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) 1 and 5 frequently colocalize in the same neurons throughout the CNS. Because both receptors can couple to the same effector systems, the purpose of their cellular coexpression remains unclear. Here, we report that group I mGluR1 and mGluR5 have distinct functional roles in type II neurons of the rat globus pallidus (GP). Type II GP neurons form a large population of GABAergic projection neurons that are characterized by the presence of inwardly rectifying current I(h), low-threshold voltage-activated calcium current I(t), and activity at rest. Although immunocytochemical analysis reveals a high degree of neuronal colocalization of the two group I mGluRs in the GP, activation of mGluR1 only directly depolarizes type II GP neurons. Interestingly, blockade of mGluR5 by a highly selective antagonist, methylphenylethynylpyridine, leads to the potentiation of the mGluR1-mediated depolarization in this neuronal subpopulation. Metabotropic GluR1 desensitizes during repeated activation with the agonist in type II GP neurons, and blocking mGluR5 prevents the desensitization of the mGluR1-mediated depolarization. Elimination of the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) by an application of 1 microm bisendolylmaleimide or 1 microm chelerythrine, both protein kinase C inhibitors, potentiates the mGluR1-mediated response and prevents the desensitization of mGluR1 in type II GP neurons, suggesting that the effect of mGluR5 on mGluR1 signaling may involve PKC. Together, these data illustrate a novel mechanism by which mGluR1 and mGluR5, members of the same family of G-protein-coupled receptors, can interact to modulate neuronal activity in the rat GP.
Optimization of the design and operation of FAIMS analyzers (2004)

Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) holds significant promise for post-ionization separations in conjunction with mass-spectrometric analyses. However, a limited understanding of fundamentals of FAIMS analyzers has made their design and operation largely an empirical exercise. Recently, we developed an a priori simulation of FAIMS that accounts for both ion diffusion (including anisotropic components) and Coulomb repulsion, and validated it by extensive comparisons with FAIMS/MS data. Here it is corroborated further by FAIMS-only measurements, and applied to explore how key instrumental parameters (analytical gap width and length, waveform frequency and profile, the identity and flow speed of buffer gas) affect FAIMS response. We find that the trade-off between resolution and sensitivity can be managed by varying gap width, RF frequency, and (in certain cases) buffer gas, with equivalent outcome. In particular, the resolving power can be approximately doubled compared to "typical" conditions. Throughput may be increased by either accelerating the gas flow (preferable) or shortening the device, but below certain minimum residence times performance deteriorates. Bisinusoidal and clipped-sinusoidal waveforms have comparable merit, but switching to rectangular waveforms would improve resolution and/or sensitivity. For any waveform profile, the ratio of two between voltages in high and low portions of the cycle produces the best performance.
16) Intravenous and Subcutaneous Enoxaparin Trends in a Pediatric ICU (2018)

The estimated incidence of thromboembolism in the pediatric population is 5.3 per 10,000 hospital admission (1,2), 95% of which occur secondary to serious conditions such as cancer, trauma or surgery, as well as congenital heart disease. The most common risk factor for thromboembolism is the presence of a central venous line with some studies showing up to 18% of patients with thromboembolism 48 hours after placement of a central venous line (1,2). The pediatric critical care population is at increased risk of thromboembolism both due to the severity of their …
Functional characterization of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with cocaine‐induced midline destructive lesions (2008)

The functional effects of NE ANCA on the enzymatic activity of NE or on the activity of SLPI cannot be implicated in the pathogenesis of CIMDL. The autoimmune reaction that targets neutrophil serine proteases in patients with CIMDL is frequently directed against more than one antigen. The ANCA response, including the reactivity of PR3 ANCA, in patients with CIMDL differs from what has been described in patients with WG.
Specialized osmotic stress response systems involve multiple SigB‐like sigma factors in Streptomyces coelicolor (2003)

Whereas in Bacillus subtilis, a general stress response stimulon under the control of a single sigma factor (SigB) is induced by different physiological and environmental stresses (heat, salt or ethanol shock), in Streptomyces coelicolor, these environmental stresses induce independent sets of proteins, and its genome encodes nine SigB paralogues. To investigate possible functions of multiple sigB-like genes in S. coelicolor, Pctc, a promoter routinely used to assay SigB activity in vivo, was analysed as a heterologous reporter. The fact that Pctc was activated by osmotic shock, but not by heat or ethanol, confirmed that stress response system(s) could operate independently in S. coelicolor. Pctc was also induced transiently during growth of liquid cultures, presumably by nutritional signals. We purified an RNA polymerase holoenzyme from crude extracts that catalysed specific transcription of Pctc in vitro. Its sigma subunit was identified as a product of the sigH gene, which is co-transcribed downstream of a putative antisigma factor gene (prsH). Although the sigH function was not needed for normal colony morphology, prsH was conditionally required for both aerial hyphae formation and regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis. Levels of two different sigH-encoded proteins were growth phase dependent but not significantly changed by osmotic stress, implying the important roles of post-translational regulatory elements such as PrsH. In addition, synthesis of three other SigH-like proteins was induced by osmotic stress, but not by ethanol or heat. Two of them were genetically assigned to sigH homologous loci sigI and sigJ and shown to be independently regulated. This family of SigH-like proteins displayed different osmotic response kinetics. Thus, in contrast to many other bacteria, S. coelicolor uses an osmotic sensory system that can co-ordinate the activity of multiple paralogues to control the relative activity of promoters within the same stress stimulon. Such specialized stress response systems may reflect adaptive functions needed for colonial differentiation.
Apolipoprotein B/A-I and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios both predict cardiovascular events in the general population independently of nonlipid risk factors, albuminuria and C-reactive protein (2010)

first MACE is associated with both the fasting serum apoB/apoA-I ratio and the TC/HDL-C ratio in the general population, independently of triglycerides, hs-CRP and albuminuria.
Muscle loss during cancer therapy is associated with poor outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer (2023)

Data evaluating change in body composition during treatment of advanced cancer are limited. Here we evaluated computed tomography (CT)-based changes in muscle mass during treatment for advanced ovarian cancer (OC) and association with outcomes. We analyzed the preoperative and posttreatment skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle area normalized for height of 109 patients with advanced OC who underwent primary surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy from 2006 to 2016. Based on an SMI less than 39 cm2/m2, 54.1% of patients were never sarcopenic, 24.8% were sarcopenic on both CT scans, and 21.1% were newly sarcopenic upon treatment completion. Patients who lost muscle during treatment had the worst survival of the 3 groups identified: median survival 2.6 years vs 4.6 years if sarcopenic on both CT scans and 4.8 years if never sarcopenic. Loss of muscle portends a poor prognosis among patients with OC. Additional research is needed to better understand and best mitigate these changes.
Ask the Experts: Treating diabetic retinopathy: developments and challenges (2012)

Francesco Bandello is Full Professor and Chairman at the Department of Ophthalmology University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele (Milan, Italy). He is President Elect of EURETINA, Vice-President of Academia Ophthalmologica Europea and Vice-President of EuroLam. He is Associate Editor of the European Journal of Ophthalmology and a former board member of the Club Jules Gonin and Macula Society. He is a a member of the Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis and Accademia Nazionale di Medicina. Professor Bandello is co-author of five books. He serves as a peer reviewer for grant applications for the National Eye Institute and has authored or co-authored over 159 articles, which are mainly related to retinal diseases. Rosangela Lattanzio is on the staff of the Department of Ophthalmology, S. Raffaele Hospital, University Vita Salute of Milano; she is head of Medical Retina Service-Vasculopathies, researcher for many clinical projects and principal investigator or co-investigator of several clin...
Electrically Short 90/spl deg/ Couplers Utilizing Lumped Capacitors (1967)

The ultimate size of many microwave components such as beam-forming networks, switching trees, amplifiers, mixers, comb filters, etc., is related to the size of a 90/spl deg/ coupler. The cross-section of a coupler can be reduced by means of todays integrated circuit technology. This paper presents a method of reducing the length of a coupler over and above length reductions possible by means of the utilization of a high dielectric constant medium.
Effect of (−)‐hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat: I. Lipogenesis (1974)

Abstract The purpose of these investigations was to ascertain the effect of (−)‐hydroxycitrate on the accumulation of lipid in the meal fed rat by examining the rates of lipogenesis after acute and chronic treatment. Oral administration of (−)‐hydroxycitrate depressed significantly the in vivo lipogenic rates in a dose‐dependent manner in the liver, adipose tissue, and small intestine. The hepatic inhibition was significant for the 8 hr period, when control animals demonstrated elevated rates of lipid synthesis. The kinetics of this reduction of in vivo hepatic lipogenesis were identical after acute or chronic administration of (−)‐hydroxycitrate. However, in vitro rates of lipogenesis were elevated after chronic administration of (−)‐hydroxycitrate for 30 days. Rats receiving (−)‐hydroxycitrate consumed less food than the untreated controls; however, this decreased caloric intake was not responsible for the drug induced depression of hepatic lipogenesis, as shown by studies using pair fed rats.
Structural Basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup> and Anti-COVID-19 Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants<strong> </strong> (2020)

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 raised global health concerns. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) enzyme, which controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle, is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to that of SARS-CoV. Therefore, herein, we analysed the 3CLpro sequence, constructed a 3D homology model, and screened it against a medicinal plant library containing 32,297 potential anti-viral phytochemicals/traditional Chinese medicinal compounds. Our analyses revealed that the top nine hits may serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimisation and drug development to control COVID-19.
Training Trajectories by Continuous (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of training trajec- tories by means of continuous recurrent neural networks whose feedforward parts are multilayer perceptrons. Such networks can approximate a general nonlinear dynamic system with arbitrary accuracy. The learning process is transformed into an optimal con- trol framework where the weights are the controls to be deter- mined. A training algorithm based upon a variational formulation of Pontryagin's maximum principle is proposed for such networks. Computer examples demonstrating the efficiency of the given ap- proach are also presented.
Distinct cardioprotective mechanisms of immediate, early and delayed ischaemic postconditioning (2014)

Cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice can be achieved by delayed ischaemic postconditioning (IPost) applied as late as 30 min after the onset of reperfusion. We determined the efficacy of delayed IPost in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) and investigated potential underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. Rats were subjected to 20, 30 or 45 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion (I/R). Immediate and early IPost included six cycles of I/R (10/10 s) applied 10 s or 10 min after reperfusion onset. In the second series of experiments, the rats were subjected to 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by IPost applied 10 s, 10, 30, 45 or 60 min after the onset of reperfusion. Immediate and early IPost (applied 10 s or 10 min of reperfusion) established cardioprotection only when applied after a period of myocardial ischaemia lasting 30 min. Delayed IPost applied after 30 or 45 min of reperfusion reduced infarct sizes by 36 and 41 %, respectively (both P < 0.01). IPost applied 60 min after reperfusion onset was ineffective. Inhibition of RISK pathway (administration of ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 or PI3K inhibitor LY-294002) abolished cardioprotection established by immediate IPost but had no effect on cardioprotection conferred by early IPost. Blockade of SAFE pathway using JAK/STAT inhibitor AG490 had no effect on the immediate or early IPost cardioprotection. Blockade of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channels (with 5-Hydroxydecanoate) abolished cardioprotection achieved by immediate and early IPost, but had no effect on cardioprotection when IPost was applied 30 or 45 min into the reperfusion period. Immediate IPost increased phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT and ERK1/2. Early or delayed IPost had no effect on phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT, ERK1/2 or STAT3. These data show that in the rat model, delayed IPost confers significant cardioprotection even if applied 45 min after onset of reperfusion. Cardioprotection induced by immediate and early postconditioning involves recruitment of RISK pathway and/or mitoKATP channels, while delayed postconditioning appears to rely on a different mechanism.
Is There Any Hope for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction?—A Panel Discussion (1992)

The outlook for tropical cyclone intensity forecasts from operational and from research perspectives was discussed during a panel discussion at the 19th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Whereas the operational requirement at the National Hurricane Center is to predict maximum 1-min sustained wind speeds at specific locations, the research community is addressing the prediction of the maximum wind or minimum sea level pressure in the storm. Commonality was found in the forecast strategies for subjectively predicting storm intensity. The panelists suggested improvements may be gained from additional observations, better conceptual and theoretical models of storm structure and behavior, and enhancements in statistical and numerical models. The discussion period brought out opposing viewpoints on a number of topics. Both new observations and better use of the existing observations were believed to be necessary. The limitations and advantages of remotely sensed data for this problem were raised. The most vigorous debates were on the physical processes, such as existence or nonexistence of coupling between outer and inner core structure, and whether convection is simply a response to forcing or is an essential contributor to uncertainty in intensity forecasting. Several participants suggested that uncertainties related to the sea surface temperature and its evolution also contribute to the intensity forecast problem. Some specific suggestions for improving intensity forecasts are given in terms of new observations, new basic understandings, and new applied developments.