gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computation of the lateral shift due to atmospheric refraction (2022)

Context. Atmospheric refraction modifies the apparent position of objects in the sky. As a complement to the well-known angular offset, we computed the lateral translation that is to be considered for short-range applications, such as wavefront sensing and meteor trajectories. Aims. We aim to calculate the lateral shift at each altitude and study its variation according to meteorological conditions and the location of the observation site. We also pay special attention to the chromatism of this lateral shift. Moreover, we assess the relevance of the expressions present in the literature, which have been established neglecting Earth’s curvature. Methods. We extracted the variation equations of refraction from the geometric tracing of a light ray path. A numerical method and a dry atmosphere model allowed us to numerically integrate the system of coupled equations. In addition to this, based on Taylor expansions, we established three analytic approximations of the lateral shift, one of which is the one already known in the literature. We compared the three approximations to the numerical solution. All these estimators are included in a P YTHON 3.2 package, which is available online. Results. Using the numerical integration estimator, we calculated the lateral shift values for any zenith angle including low elevations. The shift is typically around 3 m at a zenith angle of 45°, 10 m at 65°, and even 300 m at 85°. Next, the study of the variability of the lateral shift as a function of wavelength shows differences of up to 2% between the visible and near infrared. Furthermore, we show that the flat Earth approximation of the lateral shift corresponds to its first-order Taylor expansion. The analysis of the errors of each approximation shows the ranges of validity of the three estimators as a function of the zenith angle. The ‘flat Earth’ estimator achieves a relative error of less than 1% up to 55°, while the new extended second-order estimators improves this result up to 75°. Conclusions. The flat Earth estimator is sufficient for applications where the zenith angle is below 55° (most high-resolution applications) but a refined estimator is necessary to estimate meteor trajectories at low elevations.
Prospective Computerized Analyses of Sensibility in Breast Reconstruction with Non-Reinnervated DIEP Flap (2011)

DIEP flap transfer for immediate breast reconstruction undergoes satisfactory progressive spontaneous sensitive recovery at 6 and 12 months after surgery, and operative time spent dissecting sensitive perforator branches and their coaptation in recipient site could be spared.
El sistema de formación vía PIR: visto desde dentro (1998)

En este articulo se presentan las caracteristicas del sistema de formacion de especialistas en psicologia clinica, junto con un breve desarrollo historico de dicho sistema de formacion. Se resaltan las peculiaridades respecto otros sistemas de formacion y los puntos mas significativos de la misma desde el punto de vista de los Psicologos Residentes.
AR Enabled IoT for a Smart and Interactive Environment: A Survey and Future Directions (2019)

Accompanying the advent of wireless networking and the Internet of Things (IoT), traditional augmented reality (AR) systems to visualize virtual 3D models of the real world are evolving into smart and interactive AR related to the context of things for physical objects. We propose the integration of AR and IoT in a complementary way, making AR scalable to cover objects everywhere with an acceptable level of performance and interacting with IoT in a more intuitive manner. We identify three key components for realizing such a synergistic integration: (1) distributed and object-centric data management (including for AR services); (2) IoT object-guided tracking; (3) seamless interaction and content interoperability. We survey the current state of these respective areas and herein discuss research on issues about realizing a future smart and interactive living environment.
Vale Professor Ruth Frances Bishop AC 1933–2022 (2022)

In the early 1970s, Dr Rudge Townley, Director of Gastroenterology at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), persuaded Ruth to focus on acute diarrhoea.At the time paediatric gastroenteritis was a significant cause of mortality globally and the aetiological agent was often unknown.For 2 years Ruth meticulously analysed intestinal specimens taken from infants with gastroenteritis at the RCH.No conclusive bacterial cause could be determined but severe damage was found in the duodenum.Ruth began to suspect a virus may be involved and in 1973 intestinal biopsies were sent to the University of Melbourne to be examined by electron microscopy.Virus particles were observed in the first sample examined.The discovery of rotavirus by Ruth and her colleagues Geoffrey Davidson, Ian Holmes, and Brian Ruck changed global child health.Rotavirus was ultimately found to be the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide, with almost every child experiencing an infection in the first years of life.In children aged <5 years, rotavirus caused 114 million episodes of diarrhoea annually worldwide, resulting in an estimated 453 000 deaths.There are several licensed rotavirus vaccines that are included in national immunisation programs in over 112 countries worldwide and the burden of rotavirus disease has greatly diminished.However, challenges remain in providing vaccines to the most vulnerable children in lowand middle-income countries.Ruth also made a substantial
Joint User Scheduling and MU-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm for mmWave FDMA Massive MIMO System (2016)

The large bandwidth and multipath in millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular system assure the existence of frequency selective channels; it is necessary that mmWave system remains with frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and user scheduling. But for the hybrid beamforming system, the analog beamforming is implemented by the same phase shifts in the entire frequency band, and the wideband phase shifts may not be harmonious with all users scheduled in frequency resources. This paper proposes a joint user scheduling and multiuser hybrid beamforming algorithm for downlink massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. In the first step of user scheduling, the users with identical optimal beams form an OFDMA user group and multiplex the entire frequency resource. Then base station (BS) allocates the frequency resources for each member of OFDMA user group. An OFDMA user group can be regarded as a virtual user; thus it can support arbitrary MU-MIMO user selection and beamforming algorithms. Further, the analog beamforming vectors employ the best beam of each selected MU-MIMO user and the digital beamforming algorithm is solved by weight MMSE to acquire the best performance gain and mitigate the interuser inference. Simulation results show that hybrid beamforming together with user scheduling can greatly improve the performance of mmWave OFDMA massive MU-MIMO system.
An empirical study on the practice of maintaining object-relational mapping code in Java systems (2016)

Databases have become one of the most important components in modern software systems. For example, web services, cloud computing systems, and online transaction processing systems all rely heavily on databases. To abstract the complexity of accessing a database, developers make use of Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks. ORM frameworks provide an abstraction layer between the application logic and the underlying database. Such abstraction layer automatically maps objects in Object-Oriented Languages to database records, which significantly reduces the amount of boilerplate code that needs to be written.
Analyzing network and content characteristics of spim using honeypots (2007)

Scurvy is a disease caused by chronic vitamin C deficiency. The greater prevalence was found in the paediatric population with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders due to their restricted dietary intake. Our case reported a child with autism who presented with arthralgia and anaemia. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the first diagnostic impression, resulting in over investigation and delayed diagnosis of vitamin C deficiency. After the child was treated with ascorbic acid, the child's symptoms resolved. This case highlighted the importance of developmental and nutritional history taking in the paediatric population. Furthermore, parents and physicians should be concerned about nutritional status, especially in children with restrictive dietary intake.
Earth Sciences as the Background of History (1921)

Introduction The present day of great concepts is witnessing expansion of our vision so as to include in each personal relation the wider contacts of community, state, and race. We attempt with shifting view point to visualize the complicated political, economic, and psychologic factors determining attraction and repulsion of the major human groups. Most of us now consider national politics in terms of their international significance, and see great problems of the people projected against the background of interlocking world relations. It is clear that this enlarged vision must for the future be the normal view. Unless by some political cataclysm civilization breaks down completely, we shall retain our close connection with other nations, and cannot return to the kind of isolation possible in the age before space was narrowed by electricity and steam, and extensive international trade pointed the way to more efficient use of the world’s resources. With the . . .
The Atlantis OBS Project: Developing and Building the OBS Node Technology (2006)

Abstract Close communication among the engineering, manufacturing, and operations groups at Fairfield Industries led to the concept of developing ocean bottom seismic (OBS) with autonomous nodes as receivers to meet the need for a highly reliable, more cost-effective OBS acquisition technique. When the idea was communicated to a major oil company, BP, the concept evolved to meet a growing industry requirement: acquiring better seismic data from deepwater subsalt reservoirs, in this case, the Atlantis field in the Gulf of Mexico. The Atlantis OBS project became a reality when BP and Fairfield agreed to share the risk of developing this new technology. Fairfield undertook the manufacture of the over 900 nodes required, which included assembling 25,000 battery packs and 30,000 circuit boards. Ideas for process improvements from the manufacturing team were incorporated while construction was in progress and contributed to the successful manufacture of over 900 nodes in nine months. The application of quality assurance processes resulted in a high degree of node reliability, with only two failures in the first 900 deployments. Introduction Seismic data and its ability to image potential reservoirs has long been an extremely valuable tool in determining the location of oil and gas wells. As seismic images have improved, so have drilling success rates. As the oil and gas industry is driven into more difficult environments, such as deep water, to find reserves, the cost of drilling wells and producing hydrocarbons has risen tremendously. This high cost of drilling and production calls for newer seismic technology to help reduce these costs. Working in close conjunction with BP, we were able to successfully develop and bring to market a new ocean bottom node technology for acquiring seismic data from deepwater prospects. The development of this new technology depended on technological factors as well as human factors. Technologically, the challenge was to take advantage of the advances that have been made in acquisition methods to create a cost-effective system. In considering human factors, the benefit of cross-discipline and cross-company communication was seen at all stages, from inception to deployment. Another key human factor was the willingness of the companies involved to take the risk of trying this new technology. A successful sea trial provided critical evidence that the system would fulfill its promise and would justify the risk. This paper traces the progression of OBS nodes from an idea to a manufactured system. Additional information on the project can be found in papers that discuss the overall project from the BP perspective1–3 and papers that describe the implementation of the OBS node system.4,5
Nonprostatic diseases on PSMA PET imaging: a spectrum of benign and malignant findings (2020)

PSMA PET imaging was originally used to assess biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa), but its clinical use was promptly extended to detection, staging and therapy response assessment. The expanding use of PSMA PET worldwide has also revealed PSMA ligand uptake in diverse nonprostatic diseases, which raised questions about the specificity of this imaging modality. Although not very common initially, a growing number of pathologies presenting PSMA uptake on PET have been reported in the last few years, and a proper interpretation of PSMA PET imaging findings suddenly became challenging and, to some extent, confusing. Compared to cytoplasmic PSMA expression in nonprostatic cells, the molecular features of apical PSMA expression in PCa cells can help to distinguish these various conditions. Correlations of imaging findings to patient history, to the expected pattern of disease spread and mainly to computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics will reinforce the distinction of lesions that are more likely related to PCa from those that could lead to an incorrect diagnosis. The overall benefits of endothelial PSMA expression, which is associated with the neovasculature of malignant neoplasms, will be highlighted, stating the potential use of PSMA ligand uptake as a theranostic tool. This review aims to cover the collection of nonprostatic diseases, including benign and malignant tumors, in a didactic approach according to disease etiology, with discussion of bone-related conditions and inflammatory and infectious processes.
Three-Axis Magnetic Field Induction Sensor Realized on Buckled Cantilever Plate (2013)

This work presents the fabrication and characterization of a three-axis induction sensor consisting of one planar microcoil, fixed on the substrate, and two microcoils fabricated on Bbuckled cantilever plates (BCP) oriented perpendicularly to the substrate and each other. The BCP allows an out-of-plane translation while preserving a direct connection to the substrate, which aids the routing of electrical lines. The fabricated sensor is integrated on a single substrate, allowing interaction and integration with other systems. The devices are fabricated using a MEMS polymer fabrication process. Different microcoil configurations are realized with 17-30 turns, 5 μm track width, and 15-20 μm track pitch. The sensor showed up to 6.8 nT/√Hz resolution to magnetic fields within a frequency range of 40 Hz to 1 MHz. The BCP concept provides a strikingly simple method to fabricate a three-axis field sensor that can readily be integrated with electronic circuits, and the sensor's performance can easily be adjusted within a wide range by changing the dimensions of the coils.
Tadpoles: the biology of anuran larvae (2000)

Preface Acknowledgments List of Contributors Chapter 1. Introduction: The Tadpole Arena Roy W. McDiarmid and Ronald Altig Chapter 2. Research: Materials and Techniques Roy W. McDiarmid and Ronald Altig Chapter 3. Body Plan: Development and Morphology Ronald Altig and Roy W. McDiarmid Chapter 4. Architecture: Cranial and Axial Musculoskeleton David Cannatella Chapter 5. Anatomy: Viscera and Endocrines Bruno Viertel and Susanne Richter Chapter 6. Integration: Nervous and Sensory Systems Michael J. Lannoo Chapter 7. Endotrophic Anurans: Development and Evolution Giselle Thibaudeau and Ronald Altig Chapter 8. Physiology: Coping with the Environment Gordon R. Ultsch, David F. Bradford, and Joe Freda Chapter 9. Behavior: Interactions and Their Consequences Karin vS. Hoff, Andrew Blaustein, Roy W. McDiarmid, and Ronald Altig Chapter 10. Ecology: Resource Use, Competition, and Predation Ross A. Alford Chapter 11. The Anuran Tadpole: Evolution and Maintenance Reid N. Harris Chapter 12. Diversity: Familial and Generic Characterizations Ronald Altig and Roy W. McDiarmid Glossary Literature Cited Subject Index Taxonomic Index
HIV Testing is the Answer — What's the Question? (1988)

There is reason for concern about the false positive rate in testing for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even when the specificity of a test is high, some persons who are truly without disease will nevertheless test positive. In populations in which the prevalence of disease is low, these false positive results represent a substantial proportion of all positive results, lowering the probability that a positive test result indicates true disease.1 , 2 The potential consequences of incorrectly informing a person that he or she is infected with HIV are severe: certainly anguish, fear, and depression; perhaps lost jobs, denied . . .
Concise Review: Cancer Stem Cells and Minimal Residual Disease (2011)

Evidence gathered over the past two decades confirms earlier reports that suggested that hematologic malignancies exhibit a hierarchical differentiation structure similar to normal hematopoiesis. There is growing evidence that some solid tumors may also exhibit a differentiation program similar to the normal tissue of origin. Many excellent reviews on the topic of cancer stem cells (CSCs) document the recent explosion of information in the field, particularly highlighting the phenotypic and functional characteristics of these putative cells in vitro. Accordingly, here we only briefly discuss these concepts, and instead primarily examine the potential clinical relevance of CSCs, arguably the major unresolved issue in the field. Although it is generally accepted that CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy in vitro, only recently have data surfaced that suggest a role for these cells in disease relapse. Importantly, cancer cells with a stem cell phenotype have been found to be enriched in minimal residual disease of several malignancies. If the role of CSCs in relapse is confirmed, targeting these cells would hold substantial potential for improving the outcome of cancer patients.
Sparse, distributed memory prototpe: principles of operation (1988)

Sparse distributed memory is a generalized random-access memory (RAM) for long (e.g., 1,000 bit) binary words. Such words can be written into and read from the memory, and they can also be used to address the memory. The main attribute of the memory is sensitivity to similarity, meaning that a word can be read back not only by giving the original write address but also by giving one close to it as measured by the Hamming distance between addresses. Large memories of this kind are expected to have wide use in speech and scene analysis, in signal detection and verification, and in adaptive control of automated equipment---in general, in dealing with real-world information in real time. The memory can be realized as a simple, massively parallel computer. Digital technology has reached a point where building large memories is becoming practical. This research project is aimed at resolving major design issues that have to be faced in building the memories. This report describes the design of a prototype memory with 256-bit addresses and from 8K to 128K locations for 256-bit words. A key aspect of the design is extensive use of dynamic RAM and other standard components.
WikiWrite: generating wikipedia articles automatically (2016)

The growth of Wikipedia, limited by the availability of knowledgeable authors, cannot keep pace with the ever increasing requirements and demands of the readers. In this work, we propose Wiki-Write, a system capable of generating content for new Wikipedia articles automatically. First, our technique obtains feature representations of entities on Wikipedia. We adapt an existing work on document embeddings to obtain vector representations of words and paragraphs. Using the representations, we identify articles that are very similar to the new entity on Wikipedia. We train machine learning classifiers using content from the similar articles to assign web retrieved content on the new entity into relevant sections in the Wikipedia article. Second, we propose a novel abstractive summarization technique that uses a two-step integer-linear programming (ILP) model to synthesize the assigned content in each section and rewrite the content to produce a well-formed informative summary. Our experiments show that our technique is able to reconstruct existing articles in Wikipedia with high accuracies. We also create several articles using our approach in the English Wikipedia, most of which have been retained in the online encyclopedia.
PWM techniques for an open-end winding fivephase drive with a single DC source supply (2012)

Open-end winding drive topologies have been extensively investigated in the last two decades, predominantly in conjunction with three-phase machines. The research conducted so far includes various aspects pertinent to the topology, such as different inverter topologies connected to each side of the stator winding, different ratios of dc-bus voltages, operation with differing switching frequencies of the two inverters, comparison of performance with equivalent single-sided supply topologies, etc. In vast majority of cases supply of inverters at the two sides of the winding is provided from isolated dc sources. This paper investigates for the first time a five-phase open-end winding topology, which is obtained by connecting a two-level five-phase inverter at each side of the stator winding and supplying both inverters from a common dc source. In such configuration it is essential to eliminate the common-mode voltage (CMV) that is inevitably created by usual PWM techniques. Based on established criteria, the switching states that create zero CMV are indentified and plotted, giving a space vector pattern that is characterized with large redundancy of switching states. Suitable space vectors are selected to realize the required voltage reference at the machine terminals with zero CMV. The large number of redundant states enables some freedom in choice of switching states to impress these space vectors. Out of numerous possibilities, two particular switching sequences are chosen for further investigation. Both are simulated and also implemented in an experimental rig, and the results are presented.
Developments in Titanium Research and Applications in Germany (2016)

In this plenary paper, advances in research, development and applications of commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys and titanium aluminides, which have occurred since the Ti-2011 World Conference on Titanium held in Beijing, China, are discussed. Information is given on important achievements in the German titanium industry, governmental and non-governmental research organisations and universities from the last four years. Research focused on the development of new alloys mainly for aerospace and medical engineering. To reduce the production costs of conventional titanium alloys, advanced processes like electron beam melting or investment casting have been introduced into industrial production and rapid manufacturing as well as multi-material design have been intensively investigated. Forgings of intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloys allow its application in low pressure turbine blades in the geared turbofan. Finally, the feasibility of titanium scrap recycling has been studied.