gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of non-abused children aged 3–9 years to the Sexual Knowledge Picture Instrument: an interview-based study (2021)

Non-abused children up to 9 years of age showed only limited knowledge of the sexual function of the genitals and hardly any insight into adult sexuality.
Efficiency of antiscatter grids for flat-detector CT (2007)

Flat-panel detector CT (FD-CT) scanners offer large volume coverage, but as a consequence are more susceptible to scatter artifacts than standard clinical CT scanners with smaller cone angles. FD-CT scanners can employ antiscatter grids as a scatter rejection technique. We evaluated three standard fluoroscopic antiscatter grids for two different field sizes with respect to scatter suppression efficiency and image quality improvement. The evaluations included simulations and measurements. Regarding the simulation a hybrid model combining deterministic and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations was used combined with an analytical calculation of grid transmission. The scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) was measured using an adapted collimator technique in order to validate our simulations. The SPR obtained by simulations and measurements with and without antiscatter grids were in agreement typically within 10%. The employment of a grid does not generally provide a significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Antiscatter grids led to a significant reduction of cupping artifacts in all cases. There is a trade-off between the SNR and the reduction of the scatter intensity described by the signal-to-noise improvement factor (SNR(if)). For low- or medium-scatter conditions the increase in noise caused by the reduced primary transmission through the grid has to be compensated by a higher exposure. For high scatter conditions SNR(if) is significantly greater than 1; i.e. a decrease of dose of up to 50% can be reached.
Correcting Calibrated Infrared Sky Imagery for the Effect of an Infrared Window (2009)

Abstract A method is demonstrated for deriving a correction for the effects of an infrared window when used to weatherproof a radiometrically calibrated thermal infrared imager. The technique relies on initial calibration of two identical imagers without windows and subsequently operating the imagers side by side: one with a window and one without. An equation is presented that expresses the scene radiance in terms of through-window radiance and the transmittance, reflectance, and emissivity of the window. The window’s optical properties are determined as a function of angle over the imager’s field of view through a matrix inversion using images observed simultaneously with and without a window. The technique is applied to calibrated sky images from infrared cloud imager systems. Application of this window correction algorithm to data obtained months before or after the algorithm was derived leads to an improvement from 0.46 to 0.91 for the correlation coefficient between data obtained simultaneously from imagers with and without a window. Once the window correction has been determined, the windowed imager can operate independently and provide accurate measurements of sky radiance.
A Mixed‐Culture Model of a Probiotic Biofilm Control System (2009)

We present a mathematical model and computer simulations for the control of a pathogenic biofilm by a probiotic biofilm. This is a substantial extension of a previous model of control of a pathogenic biofilm by microbial control agents that are suspended in the aqueous bulk phase (H. Khassehkhan and H.J. Eberl, Comp. Math. Meth. Med, 9(1) (2008), pp. 47-67). The mathematical model is a system of double-degenerate diffusion-reaction equations for the microbial biomass fractions probiotics, pathogens and inert bacteria, coupled with convection-diffusion-reaction equations for two growth controlling substrates, protonated lactic acids and hydrogen ions (pH). The latter are produced by the bacteria and become detrimental at high concentrations. In simulation studies, we find that the site of attachment of probiotics in the flow channel is crucial for success and efficacy of the probiotic control mechanism.
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Shear Keys in Concrete Bridge Superstructures (2020)

This research investigated the use of locally produced, non-proprietary ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) as a grouting material to repair deteriorated shear keys. Shear keys are used in adjacent girder superstructures to produce monolithic behavior and load transfer across the structure. Shear key degradation can jeopardize the integrity of the structure. Transportation agencies have reported that 75% of distress in adjacent girder bridges is because of cracking and de-bonding along shear keys. Previous research has shown that locally produced UHPC has excellent mechanical and durability properties. UHPC has also been shown to have good bonding characteristics that are desirable in a potential grouting material. Bond strength between UHPC grout and substrate concrete was evaluated using slant-shear and direct tension tests. Results showed that adequate bond was achieved at 7 days. Low strengths at 28 days were observed because of low strength of the substrate concrete. Shrinkage of UHPC grout was also investigated. Shrinkage at 28 days was less than 600 µstrain which is acceptable for repair practices. Full-scale testing was used to evaluate load-deflection behavior of channel girder assemblages with grouted shear keys. Results showed that UHPC grout and non-shrink grout had similar mechanical performance. Excellent bond was achieved with all grouts, even with minimal surface preparation. The similar performances of the non-shrink grout and the UHPC grout indicates that UHPC grout does not provide a mechanical benefit over the non-shrink grout.
Characteristics of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in humans (1987)

Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR) were studied in 10 normal healthy subjects. Electrical activity of mylohyoid muscle measured by an electromyogram (MEMG), pressures from pharynx, three esophageal sites, lower esophageal sphincter, and stomach were simultaneously recorded for 1 h, while fasting and 3 h after an 850 kcal meal. Reflux of acid into esophagus and/or occurrence of belching accompanying a TLESR was also monitored. TLESRs occurred with an equal frequency in fasting and postprandial state (6.2 vs. 6.4 h). However, frequency of an acid reflux during a TLESR was much greater postprandially than after fasting (44.8 vs. 9.6%). Belching coincided with 8% of TLESRs. A small MEMG complex and a small pharyngeal complex were present at onset of TLESR in 41.6 and 26.9% of instances, respectively. TLESRs were then categorized as either postswallow, if it occurred within 10 s of a preceding swallow-induced LES relaxation, or isolated, if its onset to previous swallow was greater than 10 s. Esophageal contractions were noticed at onset of 84% of isolated TLESRs. When present at two distal sites, this contraction was always of a simultaneous nature. Esophageal contractions at onset of postswallow TLESR were less frequent (33.3%) but when present were usually observed at the proximal esophageal site. At completion of a TLESR, the LES never recovered without an associated esophageal contraction, the latter was either swallow mediated or a spontaneous simultaneous esophageal contraction. Our data indicate that 1) MEMG and pharyngeal motor events may accompany TLESRs; and 2) esophageal contraction frequently heralds the onset, and it always occurs at completion of a TLESR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional characterization of piggyBat from the bat Myotis lucifugus unveils an active mammalian DNA transposon (2012)

A revelation of the genomic age has been the contributions of the mobile DNA segments called transposable elements to chromosome structure, function, and evolution in virtually all organisms. Substantial fractions of vertebrate genomes derive from transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via RNA intermediates. Although many of these elements have been inactivated by mutation, several active retroelements remain. Vertebrate genomes also contain substantial quantities and a high diversity of cut-and-paste DNA transposons, but no active representative of this class has been identified in mammals. Here we show that a cut-and-paste element called piggyBat, which has recently invaded the genome of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and is a member of the piggyBac superfamily, is active in its native form in transposition assays in bat and human cultured cells, as well as in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study suggests that some DNA transposons are still actively shaping some mammalian genomes and reveals an unprecedented opportunity to study the mechanism, regulation, and genomic impact of cut-and-paste transposition in a natural mammalian host.
Light stop phenomenology (2012)

We consider the discovery potential of light stops in the MSSM at the LHC. Here, we assume that the lightest neutralino is the LSP and that the lighter stop i s the NLSP. Direct stop pair production is difficult to probe in scenarios with a small mass splitting between the stop and a neutralino. We discuss two different search channels: the monojet and the two b‐flavoured jets and large missing transverse energy signature. We present the discovery reach in the stop‐neutralino mass plane for both channels. The latter process is sensitive to the stop‐h iggsino‐b quark coupling. This allows us to test a supersymmetry relation involving superpotential couplings. We briefly comment on the possible precision with which the coupling can be measured.
Statistical quantification of genomic tumoral alterations with a mixture model (2014)

International audience
Antigen presentation by the BCL1 murine B cell line: in vitro stimulation by LPS. (1984)

We examined the antigen-presenting capacity of BCL1 tumor cells, which are capable of differentiating in vitro with respect to immunoglobulin synthesis/secretion under the influence of LPS. In vivo passaged BCL1 cells depleted of host cell contamination either by positive selection employing panning with anti-lambda reagents, or by elimination of latex-ingesting adherent cells, are capable of MHC-restricted antigen presentation to a GAT-immune T cell line. The BCL1 cells act as antigen-presenting cells when freshly explanted, but gradual loss of this function occurs, and cells cultured for 3.5 days cannot present antigen unless LPS is included during the culture period. BCL1 cells are equivalently Ia+ after the culture period with or without LPS stimulation. Other B cell lines capable of antigen presentation appear to express this trait constitutively, and the in vivo passaged BCL1 line is therefore unique among B cell lines in having antigen-presenting cell function that can be modulated. The data suggest that freshly explanted or LPS-cultured BCL1 cells are heterogeneous with respect to antigen-presenting capacity, and the basis for this heterogeneity is being sought. BCL1 offers an opportunity to study requirements for antigen presentation by B cells.
Riemannian optimization of photonic quantum circuits in phase and Fock space (2022)

We propose a framework to design and optimize generic photonic quantum circuits composed of Gaussian objects (pure and mixed Gaussian states, Gaussian unitaries, Gaussian channels, Gaussian measurements) as well as non-Gaussian effects such as photon-number-resolving measurements. In this framework, we parametrize a phase space representation of Gaussian objects using elements of the symplectic group (or the unitary or orthogonal group in special cases), and then we transform it into the Fock representation using a single linear recurrence relation that computes the Fock amplitudes of any Gaussian object recursively. We also compute the gradient of the Fock amplitudes with respect to phase space parameters by differentiating through the recurrence relation. We can then use Riemannian optimization on the symplectic group to optimize M-mode Gaussian objects, avoiding the need to commit to particular realizations in terms of fundamental gates. This allows us to "mod out" all the different gate-level implementations of the same circuit, which now can be chosen after the optimization has completed. This can be especially useful when looking to answer general questions, such as bounding the value of a property over a class of states or transformations, or when one would like to worry about hardware constraints separately from the circuit optimization step. Finally, we make our framework extendable to non-Gaussian objects that can be written as linear combinations of Gaussian ones, by explicitly computing the change in global phase when states undergo Gaussian transformations. We implemented all of these methods in the freely available open-source library MrMustard, which we use in three examples to optimize the 216-mode interferometer in Borealis, and 2- and 3-modes circuits (with Fock measurements) to produce cat states and cubic phase states.
Met receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation is involved in proteinase-activated receptor-2-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion (2009)

The expression of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) 2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was established by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in permanent cell lines, primary HCC cell cultures and HCC tumor tissue. Stimulation of HCC cells with trypsin and the PAR 2 -selective activating peptide, 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH 2 , increased cell invasion across Matrigel. Both effects were blocked by a PAR 2 -selective pepducin antagonist peptide (pal-PAR 2 ) and by PAR 2 silencing with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). PAR 2 -initiated HCC cell invasion was also blocked by inhibiting the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met receptor tyrosine kinase) with the receptor-targeted kinase inhibitors, SU 11274 and PHA 665752, or by downregulation of Met with specific siRNA. The involvement of Met in PAR 2 -mediated HCC invasive signaling was further supported by the finding that treatment of HCC cells with trypsin or the PAR 2 -selective agonist peptide, 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH 2 , stimulated Met activation-phosphorylation. In addition, Met-dependent stimulation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein Kinases was found to be critical for the PAR 2 –Met receptor tyrosine kinase-invasive signaling axis in HCC cells. Our study establishes an important link between the PAR 2 and Met receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in promoting HCC cell invasion.
The ImPrint immune signature to identify patients with high-risk early breast cancer who may benefit from PD1 checkpoint inhibition in I-SPY2. (2022)

514 Background: The remarkable increase of novel Immuno-Oncology drugs in many malignancies has led to the need for biomarkers to identify who would benefit. Various predictive biomarkers have been developed (PD-1/PD-L1 expression, mutations in mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden and immune infiltration), none have consistently predicted efficacy. The I-SPY2 consortium qualified several expression-based immune biology related signatures that predict response to PD1 checkpoint inhibition. Here we assessed whole transcriptome data of high-risk early-breast cancer (EBC) patients who received Pembrolizumab within the neoadjuvant biomarker-rich I-SPY2 trial (NCT01042379), aiming to migrate the I-SPY2 research findings to a robust clinical grade platform signature to predict sensitivity to PD1 checkpoint inhibition. Methods: Whole transcriptome microarray data were available from pre-treatment biopsies of 69 HER2- patients enrolled in the Pembrolizumab (4 cycles) arm of the I-SPY2 trial. All patients had a High-Risk 70-gene MammaPrint profile. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no residual invasive cancer in breast or nodes at the time of surgery. Of the 69 patients, 31 had a pCR (12 HR (hormonal receptor)+HER2-, 19 Triple Negative (TN)), while 38 (28 HR+HER2-, 10 TN) had residual disease (RD). To identify the most predictive genes associated with pCR, gene selection was performed comparing pCR and RD groups by iteratively splitting the dataset in training and test, balancing for HR status. Due to limited sample size, leave one out cross validation was used for performance assessment. Genes with effect size &gt; 0.45 were considered significant. Results: A signature of 53 genes, named ImPrint, was identified with overall sensitivity and specificity &gt; 90% and &gt; 80% for predicting pCR to pembrolizumab in all patients. Sensitivity and specificity in TN were &gt; 95% and ≥70%, and in HR+HER2- &gt; 80% and &gt; 85%, respectively. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is 77% for the HR+HER2- subgroup. Biological annotation of the 53 genes showed that over 90% of the genes have known immune system related functions, of which 63% were previously known to be involved in immune response (including genes coding PD-L1 and PD-1, as well as those identified in I-SPY2). Conclusions: In the signature development phase, ImPrint predicts pCR to Pembrolizumab in a set of 69 high risk EBC with high sensitivity and specificity. The signature features genes with immune-related functions known to be involved in immune response indicating that it might aid identifying patients with an immune-active phenotype. Importantly, ImPrint appears effective in identifying a subset of HR+HER2- patients who could benefit from immunotherapy. External validation in independent dataset(s) is ongoing and will be presented at the time of the meeting.
A Lens Measuring Method Using Photoconductive Cells (1965)

Many characteristics of a lens can be evaluated using a method based on changes in the light distribution which take place in the image plane as the image of high-contrast target is moved through focus. A photoconductive surface in the image plane measures this information in the image, without having to resort to conventional photographic techniques or the human eye. Basically, the output of the instrument indicates the degree of sharpness of image. Thus, by locating the plane of best focus by instrument very exactly, the characteristics that can be measured are: the optical distances, and variations thereof at various wavelengths, in the visible and in part of the infrared region; and particular aberrations of a lens. Indirectly, the instrument indicates the resolving ability of the lens; thus qualitative comparisons between lenses can be made with this method.
Imidazo(1,2-a)pyridines. I. Synthesis and Inotropic Activity of New 5-Imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl-2(1H)-pyridinone Derivatives. (1991)

A series of 1,2-dihydro-5-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl-2(1H)-pyridonones was synthesized and evaluated for positive inotropic activity, 1,2-Dihydro-5-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl-6-methyl-2- oxo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile (11a) hydrochloride monohydrate (E-1020) was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III and a long-acting, potent, orally active positive inotropic agent. Additional imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl (3a), -3-yl (16), -7-yl (20) and -8-yl (24a) compounds were also prepared. Altering the pyridine substitution from the 2-position to the 6-position produced a 2-fold increase in the i.v. cardiotonic potency (ED50) from 52 to 23 micrograms/kg, while substitution at the 3-, 7- or 8-position reduced potency. In the 2-positional isomers, introduction of halogen groups enhanced the activity and 3-chloro-1,2-dihydro-5-(6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (3u) was the most potent (i.v. ED50 11 micrograms/kg) in this series. E-1020 is presently under development for the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Digital Phase Shifter Elements for a K/sub u/-Band Phased Array RADAR (2005)

A three-bit phased array element has been designed using PIN diode phase shifters and a printed circuit dipole for coupling the energy from the waveguide feed and radiating into free space. The element, including the coupling loss of the dipoles, has 3.2 dB insertion loss (average) with an rms loss variation of 0.5 dB, over the 16.0 to 16.5 dB frequency band. Data from 250 units is analyzed for the performance in the array.
Investigation Into Low Frequency Response of Acoustic MEMS for Determination of Failure Modes (2021)

Frequency response to stimuli applied to acoustic micro-electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) yield meaningful information of certain defects affecting such devices. This article presents the effects of three distinct root causes of failures affecting the low-frequency response of MEMS microphones: lid attach holes, die attach holes and broken vents with experimental inductions of these effects for the lid attach holes and broken vents. Methods to create such defects are presented which include laser drilling and focused ion beam machining of holes. A complete characterization of induced broken vents is presented. Alternative locations for defects induction are proposed and demonstrated on 34 devices, 16 with lid attach holes and 18 with induced broken vents. The information obtained from the frequency response of the devices is shown to be insufficient to separate the root causes of failures as their effects on the frequency response is similar and the magnitudes of the variations of the observed response overlap. Additional information about the circumstances regarding the onset of defects such as location of the fault and its occurrence in the device manufacturing/assembly/operation timeline is however sufficient for root cause identification.
Die Bestimmung des Angle of progression am Termin: Ein Vergleich zwischen transperinealer Sonographie und offenen MRT (2011)

Ziel: Die transperineale Sonographie wird zunehmend sub partu zur Evaluation des Geburtsfortschrittes eingesetzt. Ziel dieser Studie war die vergleichsweise Bestimmung des angle of progression mittels transperinealer Sonographie und im offenem Magnet Resonanz Tomographen (MRT) als Goldstandard.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Estrogen-Related Receptor α Expression and Function Is Associated with the Transcriptional Coregulator AIB1 in Breast Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Estrogen-Related Receptor α Expression and Function Is Associated with the Transcriptional Coregulator AIB1 in Breast Carcinoma
Clinical uses of cidofovir (1997)

Cidofovir is a cytidine nucleotide analogue recently licensed as an intravenous treatment for CMV retinitis in AIDS patients. Three controlled clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of cidofovir for this indication, and have generated data useful as a guideline to prevent potential toxicity. Although de novo emergence of resistance to cidofovir has not been observed clinically in patients receiving cidofovir, cross-resistance to cidofovir in ganciclovir-resistant clinical DNA polymerase mutants has been identified. Cross-resistance of cidofovir and foscarnet has not been identified to date. A broad spectrum agent with in vitro activity against human herpesviruses, adenovirus, HPV, polyomaviruses and human poxviruses, cidofovir is under clinical investigation for a variety of potential applications. Examples include intravenous administration of cidofovir for treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and Kaposi's sarcoma, intraocular injection for treatment of CMV retinitis, intralesional injection for treatment of respiratory papillomatosis, topical application for treatment of molluscum contagiosum, anogenital condyloma acuminata, and recurrent genital herpes, and ophthalmic instillation for treatment of viral keratoconjunctivitis. Copyright 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.