gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical features and transfection properties of chitosan/poloxamer 188/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoplexes (2014)

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of two emulsifiers on the physicochemical and technological properties of low molecular weight chitosan/poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoplexes and their transfection efficiency. Nanospheres were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method of the preformed polymer. The mean diameter and surface charge of the nanospheres were investigated by photocorrelation spectroscopy. The degree of binding of the plasmid with the nanoplexes was qualitatively and quantitatively determined. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) testing was performed using HeLa, RPMI8226, and SKMM1 cell lines. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to determine the degree of cellular transfection and internalization of the nanoplexes into cells, respectively. The nanoplexes had a positive zeta potential, and low amounts of PLGA and poloxamer 188 showed a mean colloidal size of ~200 nm with a polydispersity index of ~0.14. The nanoplexes had suitable entrapment efficiency (80%). In vitro experiments showed that the colloidal nanodevices did not induce significant cytotoxicity. The nanoplexes investigated in this study could represent efficient and useful nonviral devices for gene delivery. Use of low amounts of PLGA and poloxamer 188 enabled development of a nanosphere able to transfect cells efficiently. These nanosystems are a helpful platform for delivery of genetic material while preserving therapeutic efficacy.
An integrated physical map of human chromosome 16. (1995)

We describe an integrated physical, genetic and cytogenetic map of human chromosome 16 comprising both a low-resolution megaYAC map and a high-resolution cosmid contig/miniYAC map, which provides nearly complete coverage of the euchromatic arms of the chromosome. The physical map is anchored to a high-resolution cytogenetic breakpoint map and is integrated with genetic and gene transcript maps of the chromosome by sequence-tagged sites and clone hybridizations.
El desarrollo de sistemas de información geográfica en la frontera norte de México (2000)

México atraviesa una etapa crucial y sin precedentes en cuanto a la atención de los problemas ambientales, así como a la creación y gestión de los datos que se requieren para su análisis y manejo. En la frontera norte de México esto es especialmente importante, ya que debido al rápido proceso de crecimiento económico y demográfico, y a las condiciones de su ambiente, se ha provocado una presión importante sobre sus recursos, lo que cuestiona la sustentabilidad de su desarrollo. Los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), en muchas ocasiones combinados con los sistemas de procesamiento de datos de la teledetección, se han convertido en herramientas insustituibles en el análisis y gestión de problemáticas ambientales, donde los aspectos espaciales son determinantes. En la frontera norte de México esto no es una excepción Los SIG están desempeñando un papel preponderante en la gestión ambiental y territorial. En este trabajo se examina un enfoque para el desarrollo de SIG en la frontera México-Estados Unidos, desde una perspectiva académica. El énfasis estará en los aspectos nacionales, con alguna referencia a cuestiones binacionales. Se intenta presentar a los SIG como instrumentos básicos en la gestión ambiental.
Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups. XXXVII. The Structures of Difucosyl and Other Oligosaccharides Produced by Alkaline Degradation of Blood Group A, B, and H Substances. Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism Spectra of These Oligosaccharides* (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmunochemical Studies on Blood Groups. XXXVII. The Structures of Difucosyl and Other Oligosaccharides Produced by Alkaline Degradation of Blood Group A, B, and H Substances. Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism Spectra of These Oligosaccharides*Kenneth O. Lloyd, Sherman Beychok, and Elvin A. KabatCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 5, 1448–1454Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00857a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00857a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic replica placement in content delivery networks (2005)

The content delivery networks (CDN) paradigm is based on the idea to transparently move third-party content closer to the users. More specifically, content is replicated on CDN servers which are located close to the final users, and user requests are redirected to the best replica (e.g. the closest) in a transparent way, so that users perceive a better content access service. In this paper we address the problem of dynamic replica placement. Being dynamic, our solutions adoptively select the number of replicas for each content and the replicas positions to account for traffic requests dynamics. The schemes we propose are designed to minimize the overall cost paid by the CDN provider (for replicas placement, removal, and maintenance) without degrading the quality of the users perceived access service. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First we introduce a centralized and distributed scheme for replica placement in a dynamic traffic scenario. Then, by means of a simulation based performance evaluation, we assess the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, and compare their performance with static solutions which have been proven to perform well in the literature. Simulation results show that both the two proposed algorithms achieve very good performance, resulting in a significant improvement over the static solutions. Despite relying on local information only, the distributed scheme has comparable performance to the centralized one. Both the two schemes result in low average distance between the users and their serving replicas, in low average number of replicas, in infrequent replicas add and tear down, and in high probability of being able to serve a request.
The Saint, the King's Grandson, the Poet, and the Victorian Writer: Instances of MS When the Disease Did Not Have a Name (2001)

ABSTRACT Several historical figures experienced many of the manifestations of what we now call multiple sclerosis (MS). Descriptions of their symptoms and the medical treatments of the day are discussed. While modern clinicians may argue whether these people had MS, presumed MS, or another condition entirely, the case histories of Lidwina of Schiedam, Margaret Davis of Myddle, William Brown, Sir Augustus D'Esté, Heinrich Heine, Allan Stephenson, and Margaret Gatty provide an intriguing glimpse into the history of MS, medical treatment, and the social context of neurologic illness in previous centuries.
The Effect of Hints and Model Answers in a Student-Controlled Problem-Solving Program for Secondary Physics Education (2008)

Many students experience difficulties in solving applied physics problems. Most programs that want students to improve problem-solving skills are concerned with the development of content knowledge. Physhint is an example of a student-controlled computer program that supports students in developing their strategic knowledge in combination with support at the level of content knowledge. The program allows students to ask for hints related to the episodes involved in solving a problem. The main question to be answered in this article is whether the program succeeds in improving strategic knowledge by allowing for more effective practice time for the student (practice effect) and/or by focusing on the systematic use of the available help (systematic hint-use effect). Analysis of qualitative data from an experimental study conducted previously show that both the expected effectiveness of practice and the systematic use of episode-related hints account for the enhanced problem-solving skills of students.
Fitness-proportional negative slope coefficient as a hardness measure for genetic algorithms (2007)

The Negative Slope Coefficient (nsc) is an empirical measure of problem hardness based on the analysis of offspring-fitness vs. parent-fitness scatterplots. The nsc has been tested empirically on a large variety problems showing considerable reliability in distinguishing easy from hard problems. However, neither a theoretical justification nor a theoretical analysis of the nsc have ever been given. This paper presents a modification of nsc, the fitness-proportional negative slope coefficient (fpncs), for which it is possible to give a theoretical explanation and analysis. To illustrate the approach we compute fpnsc theoretically for the class of invertible functions of unitation, and for two mutation operators. We apply the theory to compute fpnsc for three benchmark functions: Onemax, Trap and Onemix. We then compare the predictions of fpnsc with the success probability recorded in actual runs. The results suggest that fpnsc is able to broadly discriminate between easy and hard GA problems.
Synthesis, antimicrobial properties of 3-(3′-Chloro-4′-nitrophenyl)-2-(substituted phenoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,2 λ5-benzoxaphosphinin-2-ones. (2009)

chloro-4'-nitro phenylamino) methyl)phenol 1 underwent facile condensation with various phosphorus dichlorides 2a-j in the presence of TEA in dry THF at 60-65 and aff orded corresponding 1,3,2 λ 5 -benzoxaphosphinin-2-one derivatives 3a-j. Their chemical structures were characterized using IR, 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR and mass spectral studies. All the above compounds were screened for anti-microbial activity and their bioassay showed them to possess significant antimicrobial activity
Suppression of Nociceptive Responses by Spinal Mu Opioid Agonists (1993)

To determine the influence of stimulation intensity on dose-response curves of three analgesics in halothane-anesthetized rats, continued immersion of the tail in 52.5°C or 60°C water for 15 s results first in a nociceptive reflex tail movement (tail flick = 2.8 ± 0.4s and 1.4 ± 0.2s, respectively), and a progressive increase in arterial blood pressure (ΔBP = 21 ± 1 and 24 ± 1 mm Hg) and heart rate (ΔHR = 27 ± 2 and 32 ± 2 beats/min). Intrathecally administered μ opioids, morphine (MOR), sufentanil (SUF), and [D-Ala2-N-Phe 4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAG), produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the tail flick and BP response with the relative activity being SUF = DAG > MOR. Although the magnitude of the response evoked by increasing stimulus intensity from 52.5°C to 60°C was increased only mildly (suggesting that both represented essentially supramaximal stimuli), this increase in stimulus intensity resulted in a significant rightward shift in the doseresponse curves (decrease in apparent potency) of the three agonists, with the magnitude of the shift being MOR > SUF = DAG. Thus, the dose ratio (ED50 at 60°C/ED50 at 52.5°C) for these three analgesics given intrathecally on the tail flick and BP response was, respectively, 3.7 ± 0.9 and 6500 ± 465 for MOR; 0.5 ± 0.9 and 2.4 ± 0.9 for SUF; and 0.5 ± 1.2 and 7.0 ± 0.9 for DAG. Unlike SUF and DAG, with the 60°C stimulus, the highest dose of MOR failed to abolish the BP and heart rate response. Previous work with an irreversible antagonist to define receptor occupancy requirements showed that the relative efficacy was SUF = DAG >> MOR. The present studies thus confirm the pharma-codynamically based prediction that for a given change in stimulus intensity, anesthetics with a high efficacy (DAG and SUF) show less shift in their dose response curves with a given increase in stimulus intensity than an agonist with low efficacy (MOR). (Anesth Analg 1993;77:265-74)
Murine Bone Marrow Expressing the Neomycin Resistance Gene Has No Competitive Disadvantage Assessed In Vivo (1998)

The neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene is one of the most common marker genes used in gene transfer experimentation, but potential effects of neo gene expression in vivo have not been systematically investigated. Several early clinical retroviral gene transfer studies have suggested that neo gene expression could have deleterious effects on hematopoiesis, owing to a discrepancy between the level of neo-marked transduced marrow progenitor cells compared with mature circulating progeny cells posttransplantation (Brenner et al., 1993; Kohn et al., 1995; Brenner, 1996b). We examined the long-term in vivo repopulating ability of bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing neo from a strong constitutive promoter using a competitive repopulation assay. Different ratios of neo transgenic and wild-type congenic marrow cells were cotransplanted into W/Wv recipient mice. The percentages of blood cells containing the neo transgene in each group of recipient mice monitored for 4 months posttransplantation closely matched the input ratios of neo transgenic to congenic control marrow cells. Similar concordances of engraftment with input ratios of neo transgenic cells were also found in spleen, thymus, and whole marrow of recipient mice at 4 months posttransplantation. Analysis of the beta-hemoglobin phenotype (beta(single) for the neo transgenic and C57 control cells and beta(diffuse) for the congenic competitor HW80 cells) in recipients confirmed erythroid repopulation from neo transgenic marrow cells at levels matching the input ratios. We conclude that hematopoietic cells expressing neo had no engraftment or maturation defects detectable in vivo. These results suggest that the low-level contribution of vector-marked cells to circulating populations in clinical trials is not due to direct deleterious effects of neo gene expression on hematopoiesis.
Signal difference-based deadband H∞ control approach for networked control systems with limited resources (2015)

This paper investigates a signal difference-based deadband H∞ control approach for networked control systems(NCSs)with limited resources. The effects of variable network-induced delays, sampling intervals and data transmitting deadbands are considered simultaneously and the model of the NCS is presented.A Lyapunov functional is adopted, which makes full use of the network characteristic information including the bounds of network delay(BND), the bounds of sampling interval(BSI) and the bounds of transmission deadband(BTD). In the meanwhile, the new H∞ performance analysis and controller design conditions for the NCSs are proposed, which describe the relationship of BND,BSI, BTD and the system’s performance. Three examples are used to illustrate the advantages of the proposed methods. The results have shown that the proposed method not only effectively reduces the data traffic, but also guarantees the system asymptotically stable and achieves the prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level.
Preanesthetic dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg single infusion is a simple, easy, and economic adjuvant for general anesthesia (2013)

Preanesthetic dexmetomidine 1 µg/kg single infusion is a simple, easy, and economic general anesthetic adjuvant that maintains stable hemodynamics and decrease anesthetic consumption without the change of recovery profiles.
Insulin-like growth factor II affects the appearance and glycogen content of glycogen cells in the murine placenta (1996)

The phenotype of mice with a targeted disruption of the insulin-like growth factor II gene (IGF-II null mice) is growth retardation of both fetus and placenta during the last two thirds of gestation (1). We have compared the placenta of IGF-II null and wild-type mice from days 9-18 of gestation. No morphological differences were detected until after day 12 of gestation, when a new population of placental cells, the glycogen cells, normally first appears. Fewer glycogen cells were present in the null placenta compared to the wild-type placenta on days 13, 15, and 18 of gestation. By day 15, glycogen cells constituted approximately 50% of the basal zone cells in the wild-type placenta, but only 20% of the basal zone cells in the null placenta (P < 0.01). By contrast, spongiotrophoblasts constituted 40% of the basal zone cells in the wild-type placenta and 70% of the basal zone cells in the null placenta. There were no differences in cell size at any time. These results suggest that glycogen cells do not efficiently differentiate in the absence of IGF-II. The differentiation of glycogen cells did not appear to be simply delayed in the null placenta, as the number of glycogen cells in the null placenta did not increase between days 15-18, and there was no change in the ratio of glycogen to spongiotrophoblasts in the basal zone (P > 0.50). The glycogen content of both spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen cells was significantly reduced in the null placenta, suggesting that IGF-II may be an important regulator of glycogen synthesis in the placenta. These results indicate that IGF-II regulates cell number in the placenta and may play an important role in the differentiation of glycogen cells and the production of glycogen by placental cells.
Rapid characterization of N‐linked glycans from secreted and gel‐purified monoclonal antibodies using MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry (2010)

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are increasingly being used for therapeutic use and correct glycosylation of these MAbs is essential for their correct function. Glycosylation profiles are host cell- and antibody class-dependent and can change over culture time and environmental conditions. Therefore, rapid monitoring of glycan addition/status is of great importance for process validity. We describe two workflows of generally applicability for glycan profiling of purified and gel-purified MAbs produced in NS0 and CHO cells, in which small-scale antibody purification and buffer exchange is combined with PNGase F glycan cleavage and graphite HyperCarb desalting. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry is used for sensitive detection of glycan forms, with the ability to confirm glycan structures by selective ion fragmentation. Both workflows are rapid, technically simple and amenable to automation, and use in multi-well formats.
A new route for synthesis of silver:gold alloy nanoparticles loaded within phosphatidylcholine liposome structure as an effective antibacterial agent againstPseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

Ag:Au alloy nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through the new route using co-reduction method with silver nitrate, chloroauric acid, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium borohydride at room temperature. The Ag:Au alloy nanoparticles were then loaded within the phosphatidylcholine (97%) liposome structure. Various molar ratios of phosphotidylcholine and CTAB to the total metals were investigated showing its importance on the stability of nanocomposites suspension. The size distribution and morphology of encapsulated nanoparticles within the liposome structure were studied via ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrum, transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs, and dynamic light scattering data. The synthesis of alloy nanoparticles were confirmed with formation of single band at 430, 465 and 500 nm for 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 Ag:Au mole ratios, respectively. The TEM micrographs of different samples indicated formation of three various nanocomposite structures with size of 82-300 nm. The antibacterial activities of Ag:Au nanocomposites were studied against Pseudomonas aeruginosa through well-diffusion agar. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Broth microdilution method. The results showed that 10 ppm nanocomposite reasonably killed the above bacteria.
Tensile Strain-Hardening Behavior of Polyvinyl Alcohol Engineered Cementitious Composite (PVA-ECC) (2001)

Peer Reviewed
Low-Milliampere CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Drainage Placement after Pancreatic Surgery: Technical and Clinical Outcome in 133 Consecutive Patients during a 14-Year Period (2022)

(1) Purpose: To retrospectively assess the technical and clinical outcome of patients with symptomatic postoperative fluid collections after pancreatic surgery, treated with CT-guided drainage (CTD). (2) Methods: 133 eligible patients between 2004 and 2017 were included. We defined technical success as the sufficient drainage of the fluid collection(s) and the absence of peri-interventional complications (minor or major according to SIR criteria). Per definition, clinical success was characterized by normalization of specific blood parameters within 30 days after the intervention or a decrease by at least 50% without requiring additional surgical revision. C-reactive protein (CRP), Leukocytes, Interleukin-6, and Dose length product (DLP) for parts of the intervention were determined. (3) Results: 97.0% of 167 interventions were technically successful. Clinical success was achieved in 87.5% of CRP, in 78.4% of Leukocytes, and in 87.5% of Interleukin-6 assessments. The median of successful decrease was 6 days for CRP, 5 days for Leukocytes, and 2 days for Interleukin-6. No surgical revision was necessary in 93.2%. DLP was significantly lower in the second half of the observation period (total DLP: median 621.5 mGy*cm between 2011-2017 vs. median 944.5 mGy*cm between 2004-2010). (4) Conclusions: Technical success rate of CTD was very high and the clinical success rate was fair to good. Given an elderly and multimorbid patient cohort, CTD can have a temporizing effect in the postoperative period after pancreatic surgery. Reducing the radiation dose over time might reflect developments in CT technology and increased experience of interventional radiologists.
Redox Mediation through TEMPO-substituted Polymer with Nanogap Electrodes for Electrochemical Amplification (2017)

A thin layer of a polymer containing densely populated redox-active nitroxide radicals, photocrosslinked poly[2,3-bis(2′,2′,6′,6′-tetramethylpiperidin-1′-oxyl-4′-oxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene] (PTNB), was employed to demonstrate an electrochemical transistor-like behavior in the form of a polymer-sandwiched nanogap device. A significant and sensitive change in the current in response to the applied electrode potential was produced, owing to the fast formation of the steep redox gradient of the electroactive species through the polymer layer. A current response to an alternating voltage obtained from the polymer-sandwiched nanogap device exhibited the electrochemical amplification effect based on the facile redox conduction. A thin layer of a polymer containing densely populated radicals, photocrosslinked poly[2,3-bis(2′,2′,6′,6′-tetramethylpiperidin-1′-oxyl-4′-oxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene] (PTNB), was employed to demonstrate the electrochemical amplification in the form of a polymer-sandwiched nanogap device. A sensitive current response to the applied electrode potential was produced, owing to the fast formation of the steep redox gradient of the electroactive species through the polymer layer.