gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional displays for air traffic control (1997)

An empirical study was carried out comparing two-dimensional and three-dimensional displays for air traffic control, exploring.the suitability of 3D displays for ATC. Experiments compared the performance of two subject groups (air traffic controllers and novices with no ATC experience) using three types of display (2D, pseudo-3D and stereoscopic 3D) over a number of tasks: Observations of azimuth angle and distance between two aircraft; selecting two aircraft from a scene based on criteria of highest and lowest, and closest horizontally; and a conflict detection task. The results largely supported the findings of 3D display research, but behavioural differences were observed between the novices and controllers. Evidence was found that subjects tended to detect conflicts by examining horizontal and vertical separations separately rather than exploiting the integrated characteristics of the 3D displays. This may negate some of the benefits of a 3D visualisation , but whether controllers can be trained to exploit fully the integrated presentation of a 3D display remains to be investigation. Finally, controllers invited to view and comment on a virtual reality demonstration rejected immersive VR technology for radar control, but found it potentially useful for visual control room simulation and for workspace design.
THE MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF SPUTTERED Ni-Cr-Al NANOCRYSTALLINE COATINGS (2000)

Complex layered oxide scales composed of a complete inner layer of alpha-Al2O3 were formed on the formerly Cr203-forming alloy Ni-8Cr-3.5Al (wt%) and the NiO-forming alloy Ni-5Cr-5Al (at%) through nanocrystallization. Due to the formation of the inner layer of alpha-Al2O3, Ni-8Cr-3.5Al (wt%) and Ni-5Cr-5Al (at%) alloys with nano-sized grain were all Al2O3-formers. The results indicated that the oxide types of Ni-Cr-Al alloys could be altered through nanocrystallization. In this paper, the mechanism of oxidation for two Al2O3-forming sputtered Ni-8Cr-3.5Al (wt%) and Ni-5Cr-5Al (at%) nanocrystalline coatings on the substrates of the same alloys was proposed based upon the interaction of Cr and Al during oxidation process.
Revisiting overlap invariance in medical image alignment (2008)

In Studholme et al. introduced normalized mutual information (NMI) as an overlap invariant generalization of mutual information (MI). Even though Studholme showed how NMI could be used effectively in multimodal medical image alignment, the overlap invariance was only established empirically on a few simple examples. In this paper, we illustrate a simple example in which NMI fails to be invariant to changes in overlap size, as do other standard similarity measures including MI, cross correlation (CCorr), correlation coefficient (CCoeff), correlation ratio (CR), and entropy correlation coefficient (ECC). We then derive modified forms of all of these similarity measures that are proven to be invariant to changes in overlap size. This is done by making certain assumptions about background statistics. Experiments on multimodal rigid registration of brain images show that 1) most of the modified similarity measures outperform their standard forms, and 2) the modified version of MI exhibits superior performance over any of the other similarity measures for both CT/MR and PET/MR registration.
ChemInform Abstract: Biscyclophanes. Part 2. Regioselectivity in the Acid‐Catalyzed Cycloalkylation of Benzylbenzylic Alcohol. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Superparamagnetism of Magnetite Nanoparticles:  Dependence on Surface Modification (2004)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with an average particle diameter of 6 nm are prepared by controlled chemical coprecipitations. Colloidal suspensions of noninteracting SPION, where the surface has been modified with three different types of biocompatible substances, namely, starch, gold (Au), and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) have been fabricated via three different techniques. Starch-coated SPION are prepared by coprecipitation in a polymeric matrix, Au-coated SPION are fabricated by the microemulsion method, and MPEG-coated SPION are prepared using the self-assembly approach. The magnetic nanoparticles form a core-shell structure, and the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions are screened by a layer of coating agents. The amounts of coating agents and SPION are indirectly calculated from the thermogravimetric analysis and superconducting quantum interference device measurements by assuming passive oxidation on the surface of the SPION, and the other conditions do not influence the measurements. The dependency of the spectral characteristics of Mössbauer spectroscopy as a function of an external magnetic field Hext is measured to investigate the effect of dipole-dipole screening of the different coating layers on the SPION. Uncoated SPION show a stable magnetic moment under Hext, and the superparamagnetic (SPM) fraction transforms to a ferrimagnetic state. Starch and Au-coated SPION retain the SPM fraction according to Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. MPEG-coated SPION show hyperfine magnetic structure without the quadrupole effect with increasing the value of the blocking temperature.
Ultrasonic Absorption in Water at Finite Amplitudes (1964)

The total energy absorption has been measured in all ultrasonic beam in water by a modified radiation-pressure technique, in which the radio-frequency source transducer is square-wave modulated at an audio frequency. A microphone is then used to detect the audio variations in the radiation pressure produced by the modulation. Measurements at 5.0, 11.6, and 12.9 MHz are reported and compared with expected values from perturbation analysis. Satisfactory agreement is obtained.
A 89dBΩ, 400Mhz transimpedance ampliﬁer with improved radiation and temperature tolerance and 1:1600 dynamic range (2012)

status: Published
Epigenomic profiling of DNA methylation for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis prediction (2019)

We identified many new differentially methylated CpGs in HCCs and demonstrate that FES functions as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC and its methylation status could be used as an indicator for prognosis of HCC.
The structure of liquid silicates. Part 2.—Molar volumes and expansivities (1958)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission from gasoline and diesel vehicles under real-world driving test cycles (2016)

Photolysis of HONO is a dominant source of morning OH radicals. Conventional traffic-induced HONO/NO<sub>x</sub> ratio of 0.8% has possibly linked to underestimation of the total HONO budget and consequently underestimation of OH radical budget. The recently reported HONO/NO<sub>x</sub> ratio of ~1.6% was used to stimulate HONO emission, which resulted in increased HONO concentrations during morning peak hours and its impact of 14% OH increment in the morning. However, the results were still lower than the measured concentrations. More studies should be conducted to establish an updated traffic-induced HONO/NO<sub>x</sub> ratio.
Extending the legacy of Ed Hamilton in high frequency sediment acoustics (2002)

Ed Hamilton set a high standard for geoacoustic modeling of the sea floor. His comprehensive yet thorough descriptions of sediment properties in forms readily usable by acoustic modelers were seminal contributions to underwater acoustics. Hamilton was able to synthesize a wide diversity of in situ acoustic data within the framework of the Gassmann sediment model in which the pore water and sediment solids move together in response to acoustic fields and with attenuation modeled empirically. During the Sediment Acoustics Experiment in 1999 (SAX99), a wide variety of acoustics measurements were made in the 0.1–1000 kHz range combined with extensive sediment characterization of the medium sand, shallow water site. Some of our acoustic measurements support the hypothesis that relative motion between the pore fluid and sand grains has important consequences for sediment acoustics at the low end of our frequency range. Results from SAX99 will be reviewed which suggest the importance of more complex sediment models for a shallow water sand site. One such model will be described that recovers the spirit of Hamilton’s desire to minimize complexity yet accurately describes the acoustic behavior of the sediment. [Work supported by ONR.]
A nonsense mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene of a Marfan syndrome patient induces NMD and disrupts an exonic splicing enhancer (2002)

A nonsense mutation in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene of a Marfan syndrome (MFS) patient induces in-frame exon skipping of FBN1 exon 51. We present evidence, based on both in vivo and in vitro experiments, that the skipping of this exon is due to the disruption of an SC35-dependent splicing enhancer within exon 51. In addition, this nonsense mutation induces nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), which degrades the normally spliced mRNA in the patient's cells. In contrast to NMD, skipping of FBN1 exon 51 does not require translation.
Analysis, estimation and reduction of simultaneous switching noise (1996)

The performance of digital and mixed circuits is affected and limited by the simultaneous switching power and ground noise. This kind of noise is related to interconnections and packaging. The latter two factors play a major role in high-speed-circuit design and may become a dominant factor limiting the performance of future ULSI components. As a result, it is imperative to understand and to master the problems and subtleties arising from interconnections and packaging. Among these problems, that of simultaneous switching noise is taking on more and more importance as circuits become faster and their I/O pin count increases. This paper reviews the state of current research regarding how to analyze, estimate and reduce simultaneous switching noise.
Impact of early mobilization on length of stay after primary total knee arthroplasty (2019)

There was a significant reduction in LOS and there were differences in discharge disposition between patients who mobilized on POD 0 <i>vs.</i> POD 1, with more patients mobilized on POD 0 discharged home. Hospitals should work with their total joint arthroplasty programs to mobilize close to 100% of the patients undergoing primary TKA on POD 0 in order to decrease LOS and healthcare expenditure.
A STED-FLIM microscope applied to imaging the natural killer cell immune synapse (2011)

We present a stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscope, excited by a microstructured optical fibre supercontinuum source that is pumped by a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire-laser, which is also used for depletion. Implemented using a piezo-scanning stage on a laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope system with FLIM realised using time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), this provides convenient switching between confocal and STED-FLIM with spatial resolution down to below 60 nm. We will present our design considerations to make a robust instrument for biological applications including a comparison between fixed phase plate and spatial light modulator (SLM) approaches to shape the STED beam and the correlation of STED and confocal FLIM microscopy. Following our previous application of FLIM-FRET to study intercellular signalling at the immunological synapse (IS), we are employing STED microscopy to characterize the spatial distribution of cellular molecules with subdiffraction resolution at the IS. In particular, we are imaging cytoskeletal structure at the Natural Killer cell activated immune synapse. We will also present our progress towards multilabel STED microscopy to determine how relative spatial molecular organization, previously undetectable by conventional microscopy techniques, is important for NK cell cytotoxic function. Keywords: STED, Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy, Natural Killer (NK) cell, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, FLIM, Super resolution microscopy.
Network Coding for Distributed Storage Systems (2008)

Distributed storage systems provide reliable access to data through redundancy spread over individually unreliable nodes. Application scenarios include data centers, peer-to-peer storage systems, and storage in wireless networks. Storing data using an erasure code, in fragments spread across nodes, requires less redundancy than simple replication for the same level of reliability. However, since fragments must be periodically replaced as nodes fail, a key question is how to generate encoded fragments in a distributed way while transferring as little data as possible across the network. For an erasure coded system, a common practice to repair from a node failure is for a new node to download subsets of data stored at a number of surviving nodes, reconstruct a lost coded block using the downloaded data, and store it at the new node. We show that this procedure is sub-optimal. We introduce the notion of regenerating codes, which allow a new node to download \emph{functions} of the stored data from the surviving nodes. We show that regenerating codes can significantly reduce the repair bandwidth. Further, we show that there is a fundamental tradeoff between storage and repair bandwidth which we theoretically characterize using flow arguments on an appropriately constructed graph. By invoking constructive results in network coding, we introduce regenerating codes that can achieve any point in this optimal tradeoff.
Transformation method of heterogeneous common information models (2016)

In order to promote information integration between smart distribution systems, the Common Information Model(CIM) is now widely used as a common semantic basis. With the updating process of CIM, the heterogeneous problem caused by different versions has become a serious impediment to information exchange. Therefore, this paper proposes a transformation method of heterogeneous Common Information Models based on model mapping. First, XML Path Language (XPath) is used to address CIM model mapping pairs, thereby generating an Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation(XSLT) script for model data transformation. Then, all nodes in the original model are matched and converted corresponding to the new version of the model. In this way, parsing and transformation of heterogeneous models of smart distribution network can be completed. IEEE 13 node feeder model is chosen as an example to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, the conversion result turns out to be precise and valid.
Variation of crystallinity with temperature for homopolymers and random copolymers (1965)

Abstract An earlier treatment assumed that crystallization places portions of the polymer molecule between tie‐points under strain, which limits the equilibrium crystallinity at any temperature. If these strained chains can be treated in the Gaussian approximation, (1 – ω) −2 should be a linear function of T −1 , where ω is the degree of crystallinity. This prediction is unchanged by inclusion of the crystal surface energy. The degree of crystallinity is primarily governed by the deformation entropy at high supercoolings, while near the apparent melting point the crystal surface energy dominates, hence the Hoffman and Weeks procedure for evaluating thermodynamic melting point remains valid. Random introduction of comonomer lowers the apparent melting point and increases the tie‐point density. The latter limits both the degree of crystallinity and the initial Young's modulus of a random copolymer at high supercoolings. Values obtained for N (the number of statistical links between tie‐points) by fitting crystallinity data near the melting points for isothermally crystallized isotactic polypropylene and linear and branched polyethylene by using the Gaussian approximation, are identical to those previously obtained at high supercoolings by using inverse Langevin statistics. In fact, if the effects of crystal surface energy and the presence of a comonomer are included and the amorphous chains are treated by inverse Langevin statistics, one obtains a satisfactory representation of the variation of crystallinity with temperature over the entire range studied. Finally, the predicted linear variation of ω at high supercoolings with N −½ is verified for polyethylene.
Frequency-induced polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection (2007)

We report theoretically on a pure frequency-induced polarization bistability in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection, i.e., the master laser light polarization is orthogonal to that of the slave VCSEL. As the frequency detuning is scanned from negative to positive values and for a fixed injected power, the VCSEL exhibits two successive and possibly bistable polarization switchings. The first switching (from the slave laser polarization to the injected light polarization) exhibits a bistable region whose width is maximum for a given value of the injected power. Such a dependency of hysteresis width on the injected power is similar to that recently found experimentally by Hong et al.[Electron. Lett. 36, 2019 (2000)]. The bistability accompanying the second switching (from the injected light polarization back to the slave laser free-running polarization) exhibits, however, significantly different features related to the occurrence of optical chaos. Interestingly, the width of the bistable region can be tuned over a large range not only by modifying the injection parameters but also by modifying the device parameters, in particular the VCSEL linewidth enhancement factor.
A Component Based Architecture for Web Content Management: Runtime Deployable WebManager Component Bundles (2008)

Customizing Web applications is complex and result in possible complications when upgrading. The Web content management system 'GX WebManager' offers WebManager component bundles (WCBs): a new plug-in system for adding custom functionality runtime to the Web application. WCBs consist of three, open source and open standards based technologies: open services gateway initiative (OSGi), Java content repository (JCR) and spring model view controller (MVC). In this demonstration we will show how to build and deploy a WCB based on an archetype and elaborate on the various forms of applications. The goal is to allow developers to easily create custom Web applications plug-ins and share their application with the community on the one hand, and provide a library of custom functionalities for online business owners.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineered Biosynthesis of Novel Spinosyns Bearing Altered Deoxyhexose Substituents. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correction of a Correction (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I would like to bring to your attention a minor error in the article, "Retinal Boundaries and Visual Function in Gyrate Atrophy," by Enoch et al,<sup>1</sup>which appeared in theArchivesin September 1984. On page 1315, the refraction of patient 3 was given as −1.25 S for the left eye. The correct refraction is −5.25 = +1.25 × 82°. In checking through our records, we found that −1.25 S was the correction that the patient had been wearing at the time of initial visit to our office.
Robust identification of the mechanical properties of viscoelastic non-standard materials (2016)

This work presents an identification procedure for the constitutive model of viscoelastic non-standard materials, such as Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). A generalized Kelvin model of arbitrary order is selected, making it possible to define the material constitutive relationship by means of the ratio of polynomials in the frequency domain. Since ill-conditioning may occur at the numerical identification stage of high model order parameters, a novel approach, mainly employing a orthogonal polynomial basis, to identify the model optimal order and parameters is proposed in this paper. Least square error fitting techniques employing a classic monomial and a Forsythe orthogonal polynomial basis are compared starting from numerically estimated measurements with noise.
Enzymatic Degradation of Colistin Isolation and Identification ofα-N-Acylα,γ-Diaminobutyric Acid and Colistin Nonapeptide (1973)

Colistin, a fatty acyl peptide antibiotic, was attacked by proteolytic enzymes such as papain, ficin and bromelain, and as degradation product, a peptide portion retaining the ring structure of colistin was liberated. In contrast, an analogous antibiotic polymyxin B showed a characteristic resistance to the catalytic activity of papain. Colistin nonapeptide and α-N-fatty acyl α,γ-diaminobutyric acid were obtained as products from the above enzymatic hydrolyzates of colistin and their chemical and physicochemical properties were investigated. Contrary to colistin, this colistin nonapeptide was inactive to Escherichia coli. NIHJ and to many other strains even at a concentration of 800 mcg/ml by the agar dilution method. As α-N-fatty acyl α,γ-diaminobutyric acid which is rest part of colistin was added to colistin nonapeptide, antimicrobial activity of colistin nonapeptide did not increase.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Rate Acceleration in the Presence of Aldehydes of Distannoxane‐Catalyzed Acetalization of Ketones and Deactivated Aldehydes: A New Mode of Carbonyl Activation. (1989)

Abstract The catalysis of the acetalization of carbonyl compounds such as (I) is studied.
How Clinical Laboratories Can Evaluate False Positives and False Negatives (2008)

Clinical laboratory directors need to know the false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) rates before adopting a new assay. This article addresses this question using a point of care blood lead assay as an example. The principles behind a diagnostic accuracy study are reviewed. The FP and FN are caused by both imperfect markers and assay error. In the case of blood lead, although it is by definition a perfect marker for lead exposure, it could still have FP and FN because of assay error. This is evaluated by a method comparison but differs from traditional method comparisons in that analysis is based on the draft US Food and Drug Administration waiver guidance. Focus is placed on determining the absence of erroneous results based on the use of an error grid (similar to glucose error grids). One can also compare with another assay the probability of FP and FN as one moves away from the medical decision point by using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute total error guideline EP21A. The incidence of values at the medical decision point also plays a role. A strategy to run duplicate determinations for values around the medical decision point reduces the likelihood of either FP or FN, with little additional cost. To decide to adopt a new assay or not, one must weigh the trade-offs between cost and medical benefit.