gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Group Composition, Materials, and Developmental Level on Play in Preschool Children With Disabilities (1999)

This study examined the effects of play group composition (segregated or integrated) and category of play materials (functional, constructive, or dramatic) on the cognitive level of play, and the relation of level of play to developmental level and language use. Participants were 24 preschool children with developmental disabilities, half assigned randomly to play groups with other children with disabilities (segregated) and half to groups with typically developing peers (integrated). All groups played on separate occasions with each category of materials. Videotaped sessions were transcribed and coded for cognitive level of play. There were no effects for play group composition, but category of play materials, and individual toys within each category, significantly influenced the type of play. Further, the percent children engaged in each level of play, summed across category of materials, was significantly related to measures of cognitive development. In addition, number of different words spoken during play was related to the amount of dramatic play in which children engaged when developmental level was controlled.
Methoding and Simulation of LM 6 Sand Casting for Defect Minimization with its Experimental Validation (2014)

The solidification of metals continues to be a phenomenon of great interest to physicists, metallurgists, casting engineers and software developers. It directly affects the production cycle time, internal quality of castings and material utilization (yield). The process of casting solidification is complex in nature and the simulation of such process is required in industry before it is actually undertaken. The volumetric contraction accompanying solidification of molten metal manifests in defects like shrinkage cavity, porosity, and sink. These defects can be minimized by an intelligent methoding and simulation using casting software. In this paper, an attempt has been made to redesign and develop a casting free from defects, in particular, shrinkage defect. The component taken for methoding and simulation study was subjected to high amount of shrinkage defects which was the major cause for the rejection in the foundry. It also was having very low yield as 45% as per the foundry information. The component under study consists of square shaped (at top) plate having three perforations with diminishing height (at bottom) and subjected to multiple hot spot. Therefore, optimum location of feeder has been identified by carrying out various simulation trials. Proper feeding aids have helped in getting the hot spot completely shifted inside the feeder. Simulation based approach has helped in the improvement of the feedability index which represents yield of feeders and quality of casting (percentage of volume free from shrinkage porosity). The simulations results were compared with the experimental trial and the comparison was found to be in good agreement.
SECOND: synthesis of elementary circuits on demand (1988)

A weakness of current silicon compilers is the considerable investment required of the originators to design and maintain the underlying cell library. Furthermore, local functional extensions and exploitation of IC processes are difficult for users to achieve, demanding the skills of IC layout and CAD software experts. Progress in a structural silicon compiler, SECOND (synthesis of elementary circuits on demand), which imparts functional flexibilityl and process portability to cell libraries, is reported. Through the automatic generation of layout from logical descriptions, cell libraries may be specified in a high-level, technology-independent form, and implemented in a process-tolerant manner. The SECOND paves the way for CAD- and silicon-naive compiler users not only to add functional components to existing cell libraries, but also to utilize state-of-the-art production IC processes when they become available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanateian Unusual Chlorinating Agent (1986)

Abstract The reaction of chiorosuifonyl isocyanate with 6-aryl-3(2H)-pyridazinones yields unusually 3-chlorosubstituted pyridazines.
Targeting renal macrophage accumulation via c-fmskinase reduces tubular apoptosis but fails to modify progressive fibrosis in the obstructed rat kidney (2008)

The role of macrophages in promoting interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney is controversial. Macrophage depletion studies in the unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model have produced opposing results, presumably reflecting the subtleties of the individual depletion methods used. To address this question, we targeted the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, c-fms, which is uniquely expressed by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Administration of 5, 12.5, or 30 mg/kg (bid) of a selective inhibitor of c-fms kinase activity (fms-I) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of renal macrophage accumulation in the rat UUO model. This was due to inhibition of local macrophage proliferation in the obstructed kidney and, at higher doses, to depletion of circulating blood monocytes. To determine the contribution of macrophages to renal pathology in the obstructed kidney, groups of animals were treated with 30 mg/kg fms-I and killed 3, 7, or 14 days later. Complete inhibition of renal macrophage accumulation prevented upregulation of the macrophage-associated proinflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-12, and significantly reduced tubular apoptosis. Macrophage depletion caused a minor reduction of interstitial myofibroblast accumulation and deposition of interstitial collagen IV at day 3, but no difference was seen in renal fibrosis on day 7 or 14. Similarly, the upregulation of collagen IV, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-beta1 and connective tissue growth factor mRNA levels on day 7 and 14 in the obstructed kidney was unaffected by macrophage depletion. In conclusion, c-fms blockade was shown to selectively prevent interstitial macrophage accumulation and to reduce tubular apoptosis in the obstructed kidney, but it had no significant impact on the development of interstitial fibrosis.
Submarine Lava Flow Emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9°50´N: Implications for Uppermost Ocean Crust Stratigraphy and Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation (2011)

Meter scale seafloor topography and sidescan backscatter imagery of volcanic terrain along the axis of the fast-spreading northern East Pacific Rise (EPR) near 9° 50'N, coupled with visual and photographic observations provide data that constrain spatial relationships between hydrothermal vents and primary volcanic features and processes along the EPR axis. High-temperature (>350°C) hydrothermal vents are present in several areas within the EPR axial trough where recent eruptions have been focused and where drainback of lava into the primary eruptive fissure occurred. Chaotic collapse crusts and draped sheet lava surfaces along the margin of eruptive fissures typify sites where drainback primarily occurred. These areas are also coincident with ∼10-30 m-wide channels that serve to transport lava across the crestal plateau. Regions of diffuse hydrothermal flow at low temperatures (<35°C) and vent animal communities are concentrated along the primary eruptive fissure that fed the 1991 eruption at the 9° 50'N EPR area. The relationship between seafloor eruption processes and hydrothermal vent locations within the EPR axial trough is linked to the formation of high permeability zones created by: focusing of eruptions along discrete portions of fissures; volcanic episodicity during eruptive phases lasting hours to days; and drainback of lava into the primary fissure at these same locations during waning stages of seafloor eruptions.
Properties of biological copper, molybdenum and nickel compounds. (1985)

INTRODUCTION 4.4 (ii) Results and Discussion 166 4.5 The Copper(Albumin)-Tetrathiomolybdate-Interaction 185 viii 4.5 (i) Experimental 185 4.5 (ii) Results and Discussion 185 4.6 Electrochemical Reductions of Tetrathiomolybdate 192 4.6 (i) Experimental 192 4.6 (ii) Results and Discussion 193 4.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study on the Chelation Control in the Regioselective Opening of 2,3‐Bifunctionalized Epoxides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Posterior Cervical Decompression Techniques (2002)

I INTRODUCTION Cervical decompressive procedures (i.e., laminectomy, foraminotomy) are rarely indicated in the context of acute cervical trauma (1,2). Rare exceptions are patients with depressed laminar fractures and patients with multilevel spondylosis suffering hyperextension injuries with a resultant central cord syndrome (3-5).
Mainstreaming of the SOI technology (1999)

Partially-depleted deep sub-micron CMOS on SOI technology is becoming a mainstream technology. This technology offers 20-35% performance gain over a bulk technology implemented with the same lithography. In this paper, the challenges of mainstreaming the SOI technology in device, material, technology and circuit terms are described.
BaCu3O4: High-temperature magnetic order in one-dimensionalS=12diamond chains (2012)

The magnetic properties of the alkaline-earth oxocuprate BaCu${}_{3}$O${}_{4}$ are investigated. We show that the characteristic Cu${}_{3}$O${}_{4}$ layers of this material can be described with diamond chains of antiferromagnetically coupled Cu 1/2 spins with only a weak coupling between two adjacent chains. These Cu${}_{3}$O${}_{4}$ layers seem to represent a so far unique system of weakly coupled one-dimensional magnetic objects where the local antiferromagnetic ordering of the Cu${}^{2+}$ ions leads to an actual net magnetic moment of an isolated diamond chain. We demonstrate a magnetic transition at a high N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}=336$ K.
Introduction to the Special Section on Security and Privacy of Smart Network Systems (2021)

The papers in this special section focus on security and privacy of smart network systems. The explosion in the availability of smart devices and the extensive development of network infrastructure bring a new paradigm, called Smart Network Systems. Rich information can be transferred among the connected devices in Smart Network Systems, which enable a large variety of real-world applications, such as smart cities, smart grid, internet of vehicles, and intelligent medication. Even though Smart Network Systems have enormous values in terms of tackling the computational and communicational overheads and resource management problems, there are still many challenging issues that hinder their further developments. Specifically, distributed computing protocols play a significant role in Smart Network Systems where a large number of smart devices are geographically distributed and logically scattered. However, such distributed techniques are vulnerable to malicious codes and false data injections, internal and/or external attacks, and private information disclosures. Furthermore, designing secure and privacy-preserving protocols in Smart Network Systems is also challenging, since extra communicational and computational costs can be created due to encryption/decryption and the network utility may be degraded under certain security and privacy protection strategies.
Draft genome of Gemmata massiliana sp. nov, a water-borne Planctomycetes species exhibiting two variants (2015)

Gemmata massiliana is a new Planctomycetes bacterium isolated from a hospital water network in France, using a new culture medium. It is an aerobic microorganism with optimal growth at pH 8, at 30 °C and salinity ≤ 1.25 % NaCl. G. massiliana is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, due to lack of peptidoglycan in its cell wall.G. massiliana shares a 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the nearest species, Gemmata obscuriglobus; and 99 % similarity with unnamed soil isolates. Its 9,249,437-bp genome consists in one chromosome and no detectable plasmid and has a 64.07 % G + C content, 32.94 % of genes encoding for hypothetical proteins. The genome contains an incomplete 19.6-kb phage sequence, 26 CRISPRs, 3 CAS and 15 clusters of secondary metabolites. G. massiliana genome increases knowledge of a poorly known world of bacteria.
Kilowatt-Level Parametric Wavelength Exchange using OAM Modes (2019)

Parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) based wavelength conversion with multimode fibers [1] has shown to be a power scalable platform with large degrees of freedom owing to the plethora of phase matching possibilities on offer. Similar nonlinear-optical control with light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has not yet been studied extensively, although the fiber OAM platform offers several inherent advantages such as naturally polarisation-maintaining behaviour [2], km-length interaction lengths [3], and the ability to tailor dispersion [4].
Environmental Enrichment Facilitates Anxiety in Conflict-Based Tests but Inhibits Predator Threat-Induced Defensive Behaviour in Male Mice (2022)

Taken together, our findings suggest that enriched external environments can modify the processing of fear- and anxiety-related stimuli in dangerous situations, changing the decision-making defensive strategy.
Molecular Sieving and Thin Film Transport by Molecular Materials Featuring Large Component Cavities (2002)

The electrochemically measured sieving and transport properties for two new thin film materials composed of molecular squares featuring exceptionally large cavities, a salen-based zinc square 2 (23 Å metal to metal separation distance) and a porphyrin-based zinc square 1 (24 Å metal to metal separation distance) are described. Both materials are exceptionally porous with respect to smaller molecules but blocking toward larger permeants (i.e., those larger than the square cavities). Electrochemical experiments reveal that the size cutoff for molecular sieving can be modified by incorporating difunctional ligands within the square cavity responsible for the observed porosity. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Effect of a New Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist (KSG 504) on the Early Stage of the Healing Process in Acute Pancreatitis Induced in Rats by the Closed Duodenal Loop Technique (1994)

Creation of a closed duodenal loop produced edematous acute pancreatitis within 6 h and hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis within 12 h in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The pancreatitis thus established tended to improve after releasing the loop. We investigated the effect of a new cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, KSG 504, on the healing process in edematous and hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis after releasing the loop. Serum amylase and lipase levels in the control group decreased gradually after releasing the loop, but the reductions were not significant. In both the group treated with KSG 504 intravenously and the group treated subcutaneously, serum amylase and lipase levels decreased markedly upon release of the loop in edematous acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, the histologic changes in edematous acute pancreatitis improved more rapidly than in the control group. However, no such biochemical or histologic evidence of improvement was observed in hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis. The new cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, KSG 504, displayed a therapeutic effect in edematous acute pancreatitis but not in hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis. These findings suggest that endogenous cholecystokinin release induced by the closed duodenal loop may have a contributory role in the development of edematous acute pancreatitis but not of hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis.
Development of a nomogram predicting the probability of stone free rate in patients with ureteral stones eligible for semi-rigid primary laser uretero-litothripsy (2021)

The implementation of our nomogram could better council patients before treatment and could be used to identify patients at risk of failure. External validation is warranted before its clinical implementation.
Novel role of a triglyceride-synthesizing enzyme: DGAT1 at the crossroad between triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism (2016)

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis. Here we show that genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 in mice alters cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol absorption, as assessed by acute cholesterol uptake, was significantly decreased in the small intestine and liver upon DGAT1 deficiency/inhibition. Ablation of DGAT1 in the intestine (I-DGAT1(-/-)) alone is sufficient to cause these effects. Consequences of I-DGAT1 deficiency phenocopy findings in whole-body DGAT1(-/-) and DGAT1 inhibitor-treated mice. We show that deficiency/inhibition of DGAT1 affects cholesterol metabolism via reduced chylomicron size and increased trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion. These effects are independent of cholesterol uptake at the apical surface of enterocytes but mediated through altered dietary fatty acid metabolism. Our findings provide insight into a novel role of DGAT1 and identify a pathway by which intestinal DGAT1 deficiency affects whole-body cholesterol homeostasis in mice. Targeting intestinal DGAT1 may represent a novel approach for treating hypercholesterolemia.
A pilot study on the impact of dopamine, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype on long-term functional outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2017)

These data demonstrate that there may be an association between genetic factors and functional outcomes post stroke.
Mode and Wavelength Hybrid Multiplexer Enabled by Multi-Plane Light Conversion (2021)

We propose, design and experimentally demonstrate a hybrid multiplexer using multi-plane light conversion, which can simultaneously achieve 16 mode and wavelength channels multiplexing with 4 linear polarized modes at 4 wavelengths across the O band.
Enhancing Nutraceutical Bioavailability from Raw and Cooked Vegetables Using Excipient Emulsions: Influence of Lipid Type on Carotenoid Bioaccessibility from Carrots (2015)

The influence of the nature of the lipid phase in excipient emulsions on the bioaccessibility and transformation of carotenoid from carrots was investigated using a gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model. Excipient emulsions were fabricated using whey protein as an emulsifier and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), fish oil, or corn oil as the oil phase. Changes in particle size, charge, and microstructure were measured as the carrot-emulsion mixtures were passed through simulated mouth, stomach, and small intestine regions. Carotenoid bioaccessibility depended on the type of lipids used to form the excipient emulsions (corn oil > fish oil ≫ MCT), which was attributed to differences in the solubilization capacity of mixed micelles formed from different lipid digestion products. The transformation of carotenoids was greater for fish oil and corn oil than for MCT, which may have been due to greater oxidation or isomerization. The bioaccessibility of the carotenoids was higher from boiled than raw carrots, which was attributed to greater disruption of the plant tissue facilitating carotenoid release. In conclusion, excipient emulsions are highly effective at increasing carotenoid bioaccessibility from carrots, but lipid type must be optimized to ensure high efficacy.
Termination kinetics of styrene free-radical polymerization studied by time-resolved pulsed laser experiments (2000)

The single pulse (SP)-pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) technique has been applied to measure kt/kp, the ratio of termination to propagation rate coefficients, for the free-radical bulk polymerization of styrene at temperatures from 60 to 100°C and pressures from 1800 to 2 650 bar. kt/kp is obtained by fitting monomer concentration vs. time traces that are determined via time-resolved (μs) near infrared monitoring of monomer conversion induced by single excimer laser pulses of about 20 ns width. Styrene is a difficult candidate for this kind of measurements as conversion per pulse is small for this low kp and high kt monomer. Thus between 160 to 300 SP signals were co-added to yield a concentration vs. time trace of sufficient quality for deducing kt/kp with an accuracy of better than ± 20 per cent. With kp being known from PLP–SEC experiments, chain-length averaged kt values are immediately obtained from kt/kp. At given pressure and temperature, kt is independent of the degree of overall monomer conversion, which, within the present study, has been as high as 20%percnt;. The kt value, however, is found to slightly increase with the amount of free radicals produced by a single pulse in laser-induced decomposition of the photoinitiator DMPA (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone). This remarkable observation is explained by DMPA decomposition resulting in the formation of two free radicals which significantly differ in reactivity. Extrapolation of SP–PLP kt data from experiments at rather different DMPA levels and laser pulse energies toward low primary free-radical concentration, yields very satisfactory agreement of the extrapolated kt values with recent literature data from chemically and photochemically induced styrene polymerizations.
Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic effects of acyl urokinase and urokinase combinations in vitro (2006)

The in vitro thrombolytic and side effects of double-strand urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA), p-guanidinobenzoyl tcu-PA (GB-tcu-PA), and their combinations were compared. The reversible blocking of the active site stabilizes GB-tcu-PA in human plasma and results in longer thrombolysis and lesser side effects than those of tcu-PA. However, the acylated activator displays a marked lag period of thrombolytic action. GB-tcu-PA and tcu-PA combinations (molar ratios 4 : 1 and 1 : 1) induce a prolonged and effective thrombolysis without the initial lag period at a low level of plasminogen, fibrinogen, and alpha2-antiplasmin depletion in the plasma surrounding the clot.
Dark Shadows (2011)

The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Solar Electric Power Association, the Utility Wind Integration Group, and the U.S. Department of Energy hosted a day-long public workshop on the variability of photovoltaic (PV) plants. The workshop brought together utilities, PV system developers, power system operators, and several experts to discuss the potential impacts of PV variability and uncertainty on power system operations.