gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wearable security services (2002)

Active spaces and smart rooms are quickly gaining popularity in both the research arena, and in commercial projects. Active spaces are physical spaces populated with massive numbers of specialized embedded computing devices that increase human productivity by enabling users to interact seamlessly with the surrounding environment. Security for active spaces is necessary. In such settings, it is essential to have lightweight, mobile and convenient security services for users that enable them to prove their identities and interact securely with the smart devices that populate the surrounding environment. We propose embedding the security services in a basic wearable device that is already being worn and used by many people on daily basis, the wristwatch. We describe our implementation of these wearable security services, and show how the system is used in our active space test-bed.
Chromatin in the Genus Aspergillus (2007)

CONTENTS 19.1 Basic Nucleosome Structure: Core Histones, Unexpected Occurrences ............................... 32219.1.1 Histones of the Nucleosomal Core: The Conserved H4 ........................................... 322 19.1.2 Variable H3 ............................................................................................................... 323 19.1.3 Centromere H3 Histone Variant ............................................................................... 324 19.1.4 Histone H2B ............................................................................................................. 326 19.1.5 Histone H2A ............................................................................................................. 32619.2 Linker Histone H1: A Challenging Mystery .......................................................................... 328 19.3 Transcription Factors and Chromatin Structure .................................................................... 33019.3.1 Nitrate Assimilation Gene Cluster ........................................................................... 330 19.3.2 alc Gene Cluster ....................................................................................................... 332 19.3.3 prn Gene Cluster ................................................................................................................ 333 19.3.4 Mechanism of Chromatin Rearrangements: Toward a Genomic Approach ................ 33619.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 337 19.5 Databases for the Aspergillus Genomes ................................................................................. 338 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 338 References .......................................................................................................................................... 338In all eukaryotes, with the possibly lonely exception of dinofl agelates (1), nuclear DNA is compacted in a structure called chromatin. The fi rst universal level of organization is the nucleosome (see later). Other, higher levels of organization have been described. The next order of complexity is proposed to be the 30 nM chromatin fi ber. In this fi ber, six nucleosomes would be wound in a solenoidal structure, which would result in a second-level compaction. It has been proposed that the linker histone H1 is instrumental to organize the solenoidal structure. Other levels, like a series of Russian dolls, would lead to the compact structure called the chromosome. A description of different levels of organization can be found in the monographs by Wolfe (2) and Richmond and Widom (3).
Time-to-Digital Converter based on an On-chip Voltage Reference Locked Ring Oscillator (2006)

A time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on an on-chip voltage reference locked ring oscillator has been fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS process for a pulsed time-of-flight laser rangefinder (TOF). The ring oscillator is stabilized by measuring its frequency by a frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) and locking its output to a stable voltage reference. The time-to-digital conversion is based on counting the pulses of this six-stage, differential ring oscillator and additionally registering the state of its 12 phases at the arrival moment of the timing signals. The measured temperature dependence of the TDC is less than 0.34% in the temperature range of 0degC to 70degC corresponding to 34 mm in the distance of 10 m. The single-shot precision standard deviation value of the TDC is less than 46 ps (7 mm) in the distance range of 0 to 12 m and the power consumption is less than 18 mW
MARIA (2009)

One important evolution in software applications is the spread of service-oriented architectures in ubiquitous environments. Such environments are characterized by a wide set of interactive devices, with interactive applications that exploit a number of functionalities developed beforehand and encapsulated in Web services. In this article, we discuss how a novel model-based UIDL can provide useful support both at design and runtime for these types of applications. Web service annotations can also be exploited for providing hints for user interface development at design time. At runtime the language is exploited to support dynamic generation of user interfaces adapted to the different devices at hand during the user interface migration process, which is particularly important in ubiquitous environments.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Models for Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Based on FDA-Approved Drug Labeling Annotation and Using a Large Collection of Drugs (2013)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of the termination of drug development programs. Consequently, identifying the risk of DILI in humans for drug candidates during the early stages of the development process would greatly reduce the drug attrition rate in the pharmaceutical industry but would require the implementation of new research and development strategies. In this regard, several in silico models have been proposed as alternative means in prioritizing drug candidates. Because the accuracy and utility of a predictive model rests largely on how to annotate the potential of a drug to cause DILI in a reliable and consistent way, the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug labeling was given prominence. Out of 387 drugs annotated, 197 drugs were used to develop a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the model was subsequently challenged by the left of drugs serving as an external validation set with an overall prediction accuracy of 68.9%. The performance of the model was further assessed by the use of 2 additional independent validation sets, and the 3 validation data sets have a total of 483 unique drugs. We observed that the QSAR model's performance varied for drugs with different therapeutic uses; however, it achieved a better estimated accuracy (73.6%) as well as negative predictive value (77.0%) when focusing only on these therapeutic categories with high prediction confidence. Thus, the model's applicability domain was defined. Taken collectively, the developed QSAR model has the potential utility to prioritize compound's risk for DILI in humans, particularly for the high-confidence therapeutic subgroups like analgesics, antibacterial agents, and antihistamines.
Folic Acid Supplementation Adversely Affects Chemosensitivity of Colon Cancer Cells to 5-fluorouracil (2016)

Folic acid (FA) fortification and widespread supplemental use have significantly increased folate status in North America. Furthermore, >50% of colorectal cancer patients use FA supplement. The increased folate status may interfere with cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the effect of FA supplementation on chemosensitivity of human colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using a xenograft model. Mice harboring human HCT116 colon cancer xenografts were randomized to receive the control, or 4× or 12.5× supplemental levels of FA. Within each diet group, mice were randomized to receive 5-FU+leucovorin or saline and xenograft growth and characteristics were determined. The expression of genes involved in folate metabolism and cancer treatment was determined. FA supplementation and 5-FU significantly interacted to influence xenograft growth (P < 0.007). At the control level, 5-FU significantly inhibited the growth of the xenografts (P < 0.0001). However, at the 4× supplemental level, 5-FU-treated xenografts grew faster than untreated xenografts (P = 0.048) while at the 12.5× supplemental level, 5-FU exhibited no effect. Cell proliferation, degree of necrosis, and expression of the selected genes did not significantly differ by the supplemental levels of FA. Our data suggest that FA supplementation may be detrimental to 5-FU chemotherapy of colon cancer and pose public health concern.
The Effect of Time and Force Magnitude on Orthodontic Tooth Movement (1979)

The holographic technique, recently developed for precise and accurate measurement of tooth displacements, was used to study the three-dimensional motion of human teeth. Maxillary central incisors were loaded with forces of 300 grams and 500 grams. Translations and rotations in three-dimensions were measured over 45 seconds. The experimental results, presented as a function of time, indicate that the instantaneous centers of rotation can be represented by space centrodes that are characteristic for each patient and the applied force system.
Tumors as caricatures of the process of tissue renewal: prospects for therapy by directing differentiation. (1988)

A concept of neoplasms, based upon developmental and oncological principles, states that carcinomas are caricatures of tissue renewal, in that they are composed of a mixture of malignant stem cells, which have a marked capacity for proliferation and a limited capacity for differentiation under normal homeostatic conditions, and of the differentiated, possibly benign, progeny of these malignant cells. The concept brings order to the facts about carcinoma, has predictive value for embryogenesis, and indicates possibilities for differentiation therapy. One such possibility assumes on the basis of experimentation in vitro that malignant stem cells can be induced to differentiate into postmitotic cells by application of chemicals. Another suggests study of naturally occurring substances which regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in adult tissues. The other possibility, based upon experiments in vivo and in vitro, indicates that embryonic fields are capable of converting their closely corresponding malignant lineages into apparently normal lineages responsive to homeostatic control. Induced differentiation of embryonal carcinoma has been achieved in vivo with improvement in longevity of the host and in some cases with apparent cure. However, ultimate success of treatment based upon turning malignant cells into benign cells will depend upon the nature of the benign cells. Will they remain benign?
N-Methyl and peptoid scans of an autoinducing peptide reveal new structural features required for inhibition and activation of AgrC quorum sensing receptors in Staphylococcus aureus (2014)

We report the first N-methyl and peptoid residue scans of a full-length autoinducing peptide (AIP), AIP-III, used by Staphylococcus aureus for quorum sensing (QS). Biological evaluation of these AIP-III analogues uncovered new features of the AIP-III scaffold that can be tuned to develop chemical probes of QS in all four groups of S. aureus (I-IV).
AVIATION – ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS (2014)

Based on the available information and authors self-assessments, this article presents turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment, especially near to the aircraft and helicopters during their engines idle setting and take-offs. The concentration level of pollutants in gas turbine exhaust and its relation to the temperature and time of the combustion process is discussed. The article presents diffusion of the aircraft turbine engine exhaust in the airport area, focusing on aircraft take-off manoeuvre. The authors would like to draw attention of the aviation professionals to the fact that amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that may adversely change the ambient air near to the aircraft. Consequently, smaller amount of oxygen with increased level of carbon monoxide during engine start –up and idle can be a threat to the maintenance staff health. Also high emission level of the nitrogen oxides, especially during take-off and climb is indifferent for the environment. The paper gives an example of real fuel consumption and toxic gases emissions in the so-called landing and takeoff cycle (LTO) and during long-range flight. Turbine engines noise distribution and its intensity because of complex aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes is presented.
Progression of a Structural Scoliosis During Treatment with Growth Hormone:A Case Report (1978)

A diagnosis of panhypopituitarism was made in an infantile male at the age of 22. Skeletal age was estimated to be 14 years. Thyroxin, corticosteroid and later testosterone was administered. Growth hormone was given initially over a period of ten weeks and later for two and a half years. The standing height increased from 143 to 158.5 cm. During periods of growth induced by growth hormone a progression of a thoracic scoliosis from 15 degrees to 62 degrees was observed. In this case growth hormone or the associated substances seem to be the more probable cause of the progression of scoliosis than growth rate per se.
Software-Defined Industrial Internet of Things in the Context of Industry 4.0 (2016)

In recent years, there have been great advances in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and its related domains, such as industrial wireless networks (IWNs), big data, and cloud computing. These emerging technologies will bring great opportunities for promoting industrial upgrades and even allow the introduction of the fourth industrial revolution, namely, Industry 4.0. In the context of Industry 4.0, all kinds of intelligent equipment (e.g., industrial robots) supported by wired or wireless networks are widely adopted, and both real-time and delayed signals coexist. Therefore, based on the advancement of software-defined networks technology, we propose a new concept for industrial environments by introducing software-defined IIoT in order to make the network more flexible. In this paper, we analyze the IIoT architecture, including physical layer, IWNs, industrial cloud, and smart terminals, and describe the information interaction among different devices. Then, we propose a software-defined IIoT architecture to manage physical devices and provide an interface for information exchange. Subsequently, we discuss the prominent problems and possible solutions for software-defined IIoT. Finally, we select an intelligent manufacturing environment as an assessment test bed, and implement the basic experimental analysis. This paper will open a new research direction of IIoT and accelerate the implementation of Industry 4.0.
Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments (2003)

(2003). Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments. Educational Psychologist: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 1-4.
Stress-free and amorphous Ta4B or Ta8SiB absorbers for x-ray masks (1989)

We have succeeded in obtaining practical x-ray absorber films, Ta4B and Ta8SiB, using an rf magnetron sputtering method. The internal stress of these films can be controlled precisely within ±1.0×107 N/m2. The stress has thermal stability at 350 °C. The stress is also quite insensitive to the film thickness and substrates used. These excellent stress properties are attributed to the amorphous structure of the film. The amorphous structure also ensures quarter-micron pattern fabrication. Densities of 15.3 g/cm3 for Ta4B and 15.6 g/cm3 for Ta8SiB are high enough to yield sufficient contrast for x-ray exposures.
Evidence for the Existence of Two Functionally Distinct Types of Cells Which Regulate the Antibody Response to Type III Pneumococcal Polysaccharide (1970)

Summary The administration of various types of syngeneic lymphoid cells to mice immunized with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) and treated with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) revealed that at least two functionally distinct types of presumably thymic-derived cells (a suppressor cell and an amplifier cell) act in an opposing manner to regulate the antibody response to SSS-III. The ability of ALS to increase the magnitude of the antibody response to SSS-III is apparently the result of the inactivation of a cell type that normally suppresses the antibody response produced following immunization with SSS-III.
Simple Fiber Model for Determination of XPM Effects (2011)

Previous investigations have revealed that the impairments of the cross-phase modulation (XPM) in dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems include two aspects: the XPM-induced phase noise and the XPM-induced polarization scattering. Such XPM phenomena are strongly dependent on the transmission system configurations and are nonintuitive. In this paper, a simple fiber model is proposed to facilitate the determination of XPM effects. By employing this model, the phase noise and polarization scattering are calculated based on the system configurations and the time-consuming computation by the split step Fourier method is avoided. The proposed model is verified by the dual polarization quadrature phase-shift keying coherent DWDM experiments and simulations in terms of the variance and autocorrelations of phase noise and polarization crosstalk as well as their dependence on relative polarization states and the overall Q-impairment. The proposed model helps deeper analysis of XPM phenomena, and eventually, leads to development of various XPM mitigation methods through transmission system design and coherent receiver DSP.
Rat alveolar type I cells proliferate, express OCT-4, and exhibit phenotypic plasticity in vitro (2009)

Alveolar type I (TI) cells are large, squamous cells that cover 95-99% of the internal surface area of the lung. Although TI cells are believed to be terminally differentiated, incapable of either proliferation or phenotypic plasticity, TI cells in vitro both proliferate and express phenotypic markers of other differentiated cell types. Rat TI cells isolated in purities of >99% proliferate in culture, with a sixfold increase in cell number before the cells reach confluence; >50% of the cultured TI cells are Ki67+. At cell densities of 1-2 cells/well, approximately 50% of the cells had the capacity to form colonies. Under the same conditions, type II cells do not proliferate. Cultured TI cells express RTI40 and aquaporin 5, phenotypic markers of the TI cell phenotype. By immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Q-PCR, TI cells express OCT-4A (POU5F1), a transcription factor associated with maintenance of the pluripotent state in stem cells. Based on the expression patterns of various marker proteins, TI cells are distinct from either of two recently described putative pulmonary multipotent cell populations, the bronchoalveolar stem cell or the OCT-4+ stem/progenitor cell. Although TI cells in adult rat lung tissue do not express either surfactant protein C (SP-C) or CC10, respective markers of the TII and Clara cell phenotypes, in culture TI cells can be induced to express both SP-C and CC10. Together, the findings that TI cells proliferate and exhibit phenotypic plasticity in vitro raise the possibility that TI cells may have similar properties in vivo.
The governance threshold in international trade flows (2010)

This paper studies the flows of international trade from an institutional comparative advantage
perspective. It establishes a good governance threshold necessary for the well-functioning of
commerce. The paper incorporates institutional quality into the gravity equation of trade through
an iceberg transaction cost. Then, it replicates accessibility to foreign markets based on
bilateral distance and geographical characteristics as suggested by Redding and Venables
(2004) in order to estimate the GDP equation incorporating the World Bank Governance
Matters indicators. The results show that only when a country enjoys high enough government
effectiveness can it effectively benefit from accessibility to markets. Attributing good
governance to a country that has not could imply an increase in GDP of around 20 percent.
On End-to-End Mobility Management in 4G Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2008)

With the advent of modern technology, mobile devices with multi homed capabilities are proliferating. Existence of different network interfaces in multi homed devices enables them to seamlessly roam across heterogeneous networks. These vertical handovers however, causes to affect the TCP connections. Many solutions exist that handle this problem caused by mobility of the nodes. However, current mobility management solutions either require support of additional entities in the network or require changes in current implementation of TCP. This paper argues that mobility management service can effectively be provided without requiring the support of additional entities in the network and without changing the current implementation of TCP. On the basis of this principle, we present an end-to-end mobility management framework (EMF) that overcomes the limitations of current mobility management solutions and provides a richer set of mobility services such as location updates, soft handover, willful handover, etc.
Knowledge sharing between distributed knowledge based systems (1992)

A distributed knowledge-based system (KBS) designed to help computer network users and administrators use, manage, and maintain computer networks is described. The initial version of the system emphasizes the types of local area networks that are typically found in large industrial, governmental, or educational organizations. Knowledge used by the system is elicited from experts, generated from logical and physical network connectivity topology, and created by analyzing data gathered by simple network management protocol (SNMP) agents, system log agents, error message daemons, and interexpert system communication daemons. Knowledge is then shared by transferring chunks of knowledge between loosely coupled KBSs. Examples of knowledge sharing between KBSs are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>