gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Bioenergetics in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1999)

Cerebral intracellular energy production (cerebral bioenergetics) via oxidative phosphorylation and the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is critical to cerebral function. To test the hypothesis that patients with chronic stable hypoxia also generate neuronal ATP via an anaerobic metabolism, we studied the changes in cerebral (31)P magnetic resonance spectra ((31)P MRS) in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and compared the results with MR spectra from similar areas of the brain in control subjects. Ten patients with stable COPD (age: 65 +/- 9 yr [mean +/- SD]; Pa(O(2)): 8.8 +/- 1.2 kPa; Pa(CO(2)): 6.1 +/- 0.8 kPa; pH 7.42 +/- 0.03, and FEV(1): 41 +/- 20% predicted) and five healthy volunteers underwent cerebral (31)P MRS (TR-5,000 ms) at 1.5 T. When COPD patients were compared with controls, the percentage MR signal with respect to total MR-detectable phosphorus-containing metabolites was increased from inorganic phosphate (Pi) (7.1 +/- 1. 3% versus 3.9 +/- 0.7%, p = 0.0001) and phosphomonoesters (PMEs) (9. 4 +/- 1.2% versus 6.9 +/- 0.3%, p = 0.0001), whereas the signal from phosphodiesters was reduced (34.8 +/- 3.2 versus 40.4 +/- 3.3%, p = 0.015). The ratios of Pi to betaATP (0.8 +/- 0.2 versus 0.4 +/- 0.1, p = 0.001) and of PME to betaATP (1.0 +/- 0.2 versus 0.7 +/- 0.1, p = 0.015) were increased, but the phosphocreatine-to-Pi ratio (2.1 +/- 0.6 versus 3.2 +/- 0.6, p = 0.01) was reduced in patients as compared with controls. This alteration in phosphorus-containing metabolites within cerebral cells provides evidence of extensive use of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxic COPD patients.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers cause oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2009)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants to prevent combustion in consumer products, such as electronics, construction materials, and textiles and, therefore, have become important commercial substances. PBDEs were also detected in maternal blood, breast milk, umbilical cord blood, and cord tissue, thereby indicating that fetuses were also exposed to PBDEs. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of PBDEs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cultured HUVECs were exposed to a commercial mixture of penta-BDE (DE71), octa-BDE (DE79), and deca-BDE (DE83). Each gene expression that was altered in DNA microarray was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that gene expressions concerning antioxidant system, i.e., thioredoxin family, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24), and tumor suppressor protein p53, were altered by PBDEs exposure in HUVECs. Moreover, it was demonstrated that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was a target gene in exposure to DE71 and DE79 in HUVECs, by drastically decreasing time-dependent TXNIP expression in HUVECs.
Temperature dependence of crystalline structure and DC performance in LLDPE/HDPE blending material (2019)

Thermoplastic blending material is considered as a recyclable environmental-friendly potential candidate for future direct current (DC) cable insulation. Although such a non-crosslinking material has been proved to be superior in certain properties compared with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), one of the central concerns for the application of this material system lies in its DC performance at high temperature. In this paper, we investigate the DC conductivity and breakdown strength of a thermoplastic linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blending material under temperature range from 30 to 90°C, the results show that this blend exhibits better temperature-stability in DC performance, and it shows lower conductivity and higher breakdown strength compared with XLPE. The crystalline structure is studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the LLDPE/HDPE blend exhibits a co-crystalline structure with higher crystallinity and larger microcrystal, and when temperature rising, crystallinity and microcrystal size of blend decreases slower compared with XLPE. Such results might enable further application of the LLDPE/HDPE blend on DC cable insulation.
A Polymer Thermal Decomposition Model and its Application in Chemical EOR Process Simulation (1994)

Abstract Accurate assessment of the potential of high temperature chemical flood processes utilizing biopolymers for mobility control requires not only a model of polymer rheology and retention but also a model of polymer thermal decomposition. A detailed model for the thermal decomposition of a polymer flowing in a high-temperature reservoir was developed for use in simulation and several example enhanced oil recovery process simulations were conducted using model parameters obtained experimentally for xanthan biopolymer. The model consists of three parts. First, a thermal decomposition rate expression for the decline of average molecular weight of polymer was derived from a fundamental consideration of polymer bond breakage. Second, a scheme to calculate the apparent viscosity of polymer in reservoir rock as a function of polymer concentration and average molecular weight was established. Third, a novel simulation scheme was developed that calculates the polymer concentration and average molecular weight as functions of time and position in the reservoir. One advantage of the proposed scheme is that conventional chemical flood simulators can be easily modified to account for the effects of polymer degradation. Experimental studies to support the model development included measurements of xanthan thermal decomposition rates in brines at low oxygen concentration as well as several other xanthan physical and rheological properties. Results indicated that xanthan decomposition under anaerobic conditions could be modeled as simple random scission of the chain. Average molecular weight could then be directly related to viscosity in the low-shear-rate limit at any concentration through an expression of the Mark-Houwink form and through the empirical Martin equation. The dependence of viscosity on shear rate was described through the Carreau-Yasuda equation and the effects of temperature on the rheogram were predicted with the method of reduced variables. Finally, the viscosity as measured in a viscometer was related to flow properties in porous media through an effective shear rate correlation. Example calculations for a surfactant flood process using this model illustrate quantitatively the impact of high temperature and thermal decomposition on polymer propagation and oil recovery.
Phase-sensitive optical neural recording of cerebellum tissue on a flexible interface (2020)

Knowing an increased number of patients suffering from mental disorders, neural signal recording and imaging have become highly prerequisite challenges for providing healing procedures. Despite the fact that novel optical techniques provide highly resolved imaging/recording of large neuron population, most of them suffer from insertion damage, tethering connection, labeling, and photobleaching deficiencies, among which plasmonic ellipsometry is a highly sensitive and label-free platform for detecting neural activity both quantitatively and qualitatively. In this paper, a flexible patterned plasmonic substrate is used as a sensing surface for phase-sensitive neural recording of a cerebellum tissue slice under electrical and chemical stimulations. Although the traditional reflection spectrum cannot represent the changes in neural activity with high precision, phase-sensitive neuroplasmonics can not only reveal the neural activity level but also distinguish different electrical and chemical stimulation types with a considerable phase splitting factor. This study can open up a new insight into label-free and flexible biological sensors with neuroscience applications.
A Rapid and Reliable Means of Assessing Hepatic Steatosis In Vivo Via Electrical Bioimpedance (2009)

Both microflow and LF-BEI correlated well with macrosteatosis and each other: Pearson correlation coefficients -0.71, 0.73, and -0.81, respectively. Livers were grouped according to the degree of macrosteatosis: mild (<30%), moderate (30%-60%), and severe (>60%). Both LF-BEI and microflow varied significantly among groups on one-way analysis of variance, although only LF-BEI was capable of discriminating between mild and moderate macrosteatosis on post hoc analysis. Regarding their individual capacities to detect the presence of severe macrosteatosis, both tests were excellent classifiers: receiver operating curve area under the curve 0.885 and 0.9 for LF-BEI and microflow, respectively. However, the bioimpedance apparatus is more rapid and less susceptible to local factors and background noise and could more easily be used in the clinical liver transplantation setting.
The effect of interferon and anti-CD44 antibody on mouse glioma invasiveness in vitro. (1998)

In this study the effect of interferon and anti-CD44 antibody on the invasiveness of mouse glioma G-26 cells was evaluated. We confirmed the glial nature of G-26 glioma cells (G-26) in vitro and in vivo using immunohistochemistry: G-26 stained strongly for S-100 and stained weakly for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunohistochemical evaluation for CD44 adhesion molecule showed that G-26 was positive both in vitro and in vivo. Weakly positive punctate staining for CD44 was seen in the cytoplasm of all viable glioma cells and focally strong staining was observed in a membranous pattern in the invading glioma cells. Evaluation of untreated G-26 cells using an in vitro invasion assay showed that they were able to digest a Matrigel matrix and to invade through an 8 microns microporous membrane. Treatment of the G-26 glioma cells for 3-4 days with mouse interferon alpha/beta at 8 x 10(2) or 8 x 10(3) mu/ml resulted in a significant decrease of invasiveness: 68.8% (p < 0.05) and 32.8% (p < 0.001) of cells, respectively, remained invasive when compared to control. Treatment of G-26 with antibody to the CD44 adhesion molecule significantly decreased invasiveness with 39.4% (p < 0.001) of cells remaining invasive when compared to control. We feel that both of these approaches, each of which produced significant inhibition of G-26 glioma cell invasion should be further evaluated for their usefulness in antiglioma therapy.
DETAILED 2-D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF RICH, PREMIXED LAMINAR METHANE FLAMES FOR CO CONCENTRATIONS AND TEMPERATURE (2007)

Abstract In this numerical work, two-dimensional rich premixed laminar methane-air flames are calculated in detail. Emphasis is laid on the comparative analysis of spatial distributions of CO concentrations and temperature for a range of mixtures using two reaction mechanisms, and thereby reporting on the suitability of such mechanisms. A test analysis showed that the results from the present numerical scheme are in close agreement with the corresponding CHEMKIN calculations (see Appendix). Computed results are compared with experimental data of Datta et al. (2004 Datta , A. , Beyrau , F. , Seeger , T. , and Leipertz , A. ( 2004 ) Temperature and CO concentration measurements in a partially premixed CH4/air coflowing jet flame using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 176 , 1965 – 1984 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), with detailed study on equivalence ratio φ = 2.0 flame. Firstly, simulations are conducted on a relatively detailed Smooke mechanism involving 16 reactive species/46 reactions steps. Measured and calculated data are in good agreement in terms of spatial distributions as well as peak values of CO concentration and temperature for cases of φ's 1.7, 2.0, and 2.5. As a second study, a reduced mechanism (16 reactive species/25 reactions) is found selectively suitable for richer cases φ = 3.0 and 4.0, yielding good quantitative agreement for CO concentration and temperature. For the case of φ = 2.0, CO distributions are particularly rendered well in the inner flame zone. However, a significant difference in the CO concentration is noticed near the diffusion flame zone. The estimated CO concentration reaches a maximum distance of 8.5 mm in the lateral direction away from the axis line, while the experimental values fall to zero at 6 mm. Calculations exhibit acceptable trends at all elevated flame heights, and maximum CO concentration and temperature as experiments, showing that with the increase in equivalence ratio the flame height increases, and that the maximum CO concentration decreases.
Container integrity verification using laser triangulation (2007)

We present a system for verifying the integrity of storage containers using a laser triangulation scanner, with applications in nuclear security. Any intrusion into the container shell and subsequent reconstruction of the surface inevitably leaves slight changes to the three-dimensional surface structure which the proposed system can detect. The setup consists of a laser line scanner, mounted on a rotation stage. We propose an auto-calibration procedure for this system which &#8722; from several scans of a planar calibration target acquired from different viewpoints &#8722; automatically determines the position and orientation of the rotation axis with respect to the scanner coordinate frame. We further present an algorithm for the automatic registration of two 3D scans of a cylindrical surface, not requiring any user interaction such as the identification of corresponding point pairs. We show that the algorithm accurately aligns two scans of the same object, acquired from different viewpoints. The accuracy of the overall system is dominated by the measurement uncertainty of the 3D scanner; residual errors resulting from the calibration and registration are subordinate. The system can reliably detect changes in the surface shape resulting from tampering.
Insights into the genetic epidemiology of Crohn’s and rare diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (2016)

Abstract As part of a broader collaborative network of exome sequencing studies, we developed a jointly called data set of 5,685 Ashkenazi Jewish exomes. We make publicly available a resource of site and allele frequencies, which should serve as a reference for medical genetics in the Ashkenazim. We estimate that 30% of protein-coding alleles present in the Ashkenazi Jewish population at frequencies greater than 0.2% are significantly more frequent (mean 7.6-fold) than their maximum frequency observed in other reference populations. Arising via a well-described founder effect, this catalog of enriched alleles can contribute to differences in genetic risk and overall prevalence of diseases between populations. As validation we document 151 AJ enriched protein-altering alleles that overlap with “pathogenic” ClinVar alleles, including those that account for 10-100 fold differences in prevalence between AJ and non-AJ populations of some rare diseases including Gaucher disease ( GBA , p.Asn409Ser, 8-fold enrichment); Canavan disease ( ASPA , p.Glu285Ala, 12-fold enrichment); and Tay-Sachs disease ( HEXA , c.1421+1G&gt;C, 27-fold enrichment; p.Tyr427IlefsTer5, 12-fold enrichment). We next sought to use this catalog, of well-established relevance to Mendelian disease, to explore Crohn’s disease, a common disease with an estimated two to four-fold excess prevalence in AJ. We specifically evaluate whether strong acting rare alleles, enriched by the same founder-effect, contribute excess genetic risk to Crohn’s disease in AJ, and find that ten rare genetic risk factors in NOD2 and LRRK2 are strongly enriched in AJ, including several novel contributing alleles, show evidence of association to CD. Independently, we find that genomewide common variant risk defined by GWAS shows a strong difference between AJ and non-AJ European control population samples (0.97 s.d. higher, p&lt;10 −16 ). Taken together, the results suggest coordinated selection in AJ population for higher CD risk alleles in general. The results and approach illustrate the value of exome sequencing data in case-control studies along with reference data sets like ExAC to pinpoint genetic variation that contributes to variable disease predisposition across populations.
Determination of the high frequency inductance profile of surface Mounted Permanent Magnet synchronous motors (2008)

<p style="text-align: left">Accurate knowledge of the high frequency inductance profile plays an important role in many designs of sensorless controllers for Surface inductance. A special algorithm is used to decouple the cross-coupling effects between the d-axis and the q-axis, which allows Mounted Permanent Magnet (SMPM) synchronous motors. This paper presents an AC+DC measurement method for determination of the d-axis and q-axis high frequency inductance profiles of SMPM synchronous motors. This method uses DC currents to set a desired magnetic working point on the motor laminations, and then superimpose balanced small AC signals to measure the incremental a separate determination of the d, q inductance profiles as functions of the d, q currents. Experimental results on a commercial SMPM motor using the proposed method are presented in this paper.
A combined adjustment of geodetic and photogrammetric observations (1981)

Peer reviewed: Yes
WYSIWYG NPR (2002)

We present a system that lets a designer directly annotate a 3D model with strokes, imparting a personal aesthetic to the non-photorealistic rendering of the object. The artist chooses a "brush" style, then draws strokes over the model from one or more viewpoints. When the system renders the scene from any new viewpoint, it adapts the number and placement of the strokes appropriately to maintain the original look.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS BY MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN PEROXO COMPLEXES (1979)

Abstract Zur Oxidation der Carbinole (I)‐(IV) werden verschiedene Peroxo‐Komplexe von Wund Mo, z.B. die Verbindungen (V)‐(VII),eingesetzt.
Züchtung menschlichen Knorpelgewebes mit Hilfe einer Perfusionskammer (1994)

In the field of otolaryngology cartilage grafting is commonly performed to reconstruct skeletal defects. Knowledge of chondrocyte growth and differentiation can now be used to engineer cartilage tissue for grafting. The first condition is that chondrocytes maintain their differentiated phenotype besides being able to produce a new cartilage matrix. The target of this study was to develop a three-dimensional culture system for in-vitro formation of vital cartilage transplants. Chondrocytes were isolated by digesting the cartilage matrix with collagenase and hyaluronidase. After embedding in "low-melting" agarose, the chondrocytes were placed into a perfusion culture chamber to provide a constant supply of nutrients to the cultures. The peristaltic pump was operated with on/off intervals of 30 min. Ham's F12 supplemented with 2% FCS and 50 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid was employed as culture medium. Monoclonal antibodies specific to collagens type I and type II were used to characterise cells and matrix synthesis. Synthesis of proteoglycans and collagens was achieved using toluidine blue and azan staining. Under the described culture conditions, the chondrocytes maintained a differentiated phenotype (expression of collagen type II) with synthesis of collagens and proteoglycans. An accumulation of matrix products was achieved pericellularly. After 2-8 weeks the obtained tissue exhibited an excellent histological appearance showing the typical features of cartilage tissue. The results show that the perfusion chamber allows a quick in-vitro fabrication of a piece of pure cartilage tissue for transplantation.
Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials (1980)

The purpose of this chapter has been to demonstrate that the VEP can be used as an objective measure of visual function in infants and young children. It provides the clinician with a quantifiable index of visual impairment, and indeed may be useful in predicting a reduction of subjective visual acuity before it is found on clinical examination. There is no doubt that such abnormalities as strabismus, cataracts, ptosis, and corneal opacities can be detected on clinical examination without the aid of VEPs; however, the VEP may determine, particularly in preverbal children, whether and to what extent that abnormality has caused an impairment in acuity. The assumption is made in the case of a monocular reduction in acuity that if VEP amplitudes from the two eyes are not equal, visual acuity is not equal. This is a valid assumption since there is a correlation between reduced visual acuity and VEP amplitudes in older children with amblyopia who give reliable subjective acuities. In addition to the detection and evaluation of acuity loss in infants and children, the VEP offers a way of monitoring the efficacy of occlusion therapy and CAM therapy. Also the VEP can be used to monitor the effects of corneal and lens opacities on visual development.
Strain‐Invariant, Highly Water Stable All‐Organic Soft Conductors Based on Ultralight Multi‐Layered Foam‐Like Framework Structures (2023)

Abstract Soft and flexible conductors are essential for the development of soft robots, wearable electronics, electronic tissue, and implants. However, conventional soft conductors are inherently characterized by a large change in conductance upon mechanical deformation or under alternating environmental conditions, e.g., humidity, drastically limiting their application potential. This work demonstrates a novel concept for the development of strain‐invariant, highly elastic and highly water stable all‐organic soft conductors, overcoming the limitations of previous strain‐invariant soft conductors. For the first time, thin film deposition technologies are combined in a three‐dimensional fashion, resulting in micro‐ and nano‐engineered, multi‐layered (&lt;50 nm), ultra‐lightweight (&lt; 15 mg cm − 3 ) foam‐like framework structures based on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), characterized by a highly strain‐invariant conductivity (≈184 S/m) between 80% compressive and 25% tensile strain. Both the initial electrical and mechanical properties are retained during long‐term cycling, even after 2000 cycles at 50% compression. Furthermore, the PTFE thin film renders the framework structure highly hydrophobic, resulting in stable electrical properties, even when immersed in water for a month. Such innovative multi‐scaled and multi‐layered functional materials are of interest for a broad range of applications in soft electronics, energy storage and conversion, sensing, water and air purification, as well as biomedicine.
Biochemistry of Genetic Factors (1961)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More