gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is aspirin for colorectal cancer prevention on the prime time yet? (2014)

Aspirin is the most widely studied drug for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer but there are limitations. First the risk-benefit issue has not been fully addressed. What is the risk of bleeding associated with prescribing aspirin to asymptomatic individuals versus the benefit of cancer protection one can obtain from this treatment? Second, the optimal dosing, frequency and duration of aspirin usage in average-risk subjects (ie, patients with non-cardiovascular disease and patients with non-familial polyposis) have not been settled. Third, the potential ethnic difference has not been studied. Up to now, almost all studies were conducted in the Western population. Would Asians be responding to the treatment equally well?

There are new and important data to support the use of aspirin in preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). Rothwell et al recently published their long-term data in 20-year follow-up studies giving strong support to the use of low-dose aspirin (75–300 mg daily) in cancer prevention.1 ,2 These data which pool from five important randomised studies examine the effects of primary (Thrombosis Prevention Trial, British Doctors Aspirin Trial) and secondary (Swedish Aspirin Low Dose Trial, UK-TIA trial, Dutch TIA trial) included over 14 000 patients with a median follow-up of more than 18 years. The long-term use of aspirin resulted in significant reduction of colon cancer incidence …
Construction of Playing System of Game with Imperfect Information : Seven card Stud Poker (2003)

ゲームには相手と自分の手がわかる完全情報ゲームとお互いに相手の手が完全にはわからない不完全情報ゲームとがある。将棋やチェスのような完全情報ゲームでは強いアルゴリズム開発を目指したコンピュータ将棋やチェスの研究が盛んで、世界チャンピオンやアマ有段者並みの強さを持つアルゴリズムが開発されている。一方、不完全情報ゲームでは不確実な情報のもとで相手の手の強さやゲーム戦略を推論しなければならず、その推論結果には不確実性が伴い、完全情報ゲームと比べると強いアルゴリズムを開発するまでにはいたっていない。本論文では、不完全情報ゲームとしてセブンカードスタッドポーカーを例にして、そのプレイングシステムを構築することを目的とする。本システムでは対戦相手の傾向に応じた意思決定を行うために後件部が確定していない、そして閾値をもった変則のファジィルールを用い、対戦相手の傾向に応じてルールを修正する。本システムは、この変則的なファジィルールを用いたファジィ推論によって、相手の見えているカードと相手の賭け金とから、自分の手の優劣推定やゲームを続行するかどうかの判断、自分の賭け金の判断を行う意思決定システムである。本システムの有効性を確認するために、人間プレーヤと1対1のゲームを行い、そこから得られたデータを解析している。
P5448Enzymatic regulation of the myocardial tissue renin-angiotensin-system of the failing heart (2019)

Abstract Background In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) is dysregulated and serves as therapeutic target. Research has been focusing on plasma RAS. Information on tissue RAS is scarce although assumedly more crucial for myocardial function. Among known angiotensins, only AngII and AngIII are detectable in the failing heart. Plasma samples in HFrEF show high AngI and AngII levels with clearly distinguishable AngI/AngII ratios for different RAS-inhibitors. AngII and AngIII levels in the myocardium were comparable for different RAS-inhibitors, i.e. no RAS-blocker, ACE-inhibitor, ARB or angiotensin-receptor neprilysin-inhibitor (ARNI). Here we aimed to elucidate the metabolic regulation of tissue RAS enzymes for these four different modalities of RAS-inhibition. Methods Enzyme regulation and metabolic activities were investigated in myocardial samples of end-stage HFrEF patients undergoing heart transplantation with a mass-spectrometry based method. Concentrations of respective angiotensin metabolites AngI, AngII, Ang1–7, AngIII, Ang1–5 and AngIV (RAS-fingerprints) were investigated after adding AngI or AngII and incubation to display metabolic patterns of the main plasma angiotensins. Metabolic activities of distinct enzymes have been assessed for the no therapy and ACE-I subgroups. Patients were stratified according to background therapy with RAS-inhibitors. Results A total of 30 patients were included (n=6 without RAS-blockade, n=16 with ACE-I, n=6 with ARB, n=2 with ARNI). Median age was 55 (IQR 45–63) years, 87%were male. Etiology of HF was ischemic in 40%, median NT-proBNP levels were 3498pg/ml (IQR 1761–8400). Patterns for tissue RAS metabolism of AngI and AngII was visually similar for all groups, indicating comparable regulation of tissue RAS enzymes independent from therapy (Figure 1). The formation of AngII from AngI was mainly chymase dependent with conversion rates of 99.4 (IQR 77.0–254.1) (pg/μg protein)/h for ACE-I and 141.8 (IQR 67.9–369.2) (pg/μg protein)/h for no RAS-blockade, whereas ACE-related generation of AngII was under the detection limit. The formation of Ang1–7 from AngI was mediated by NEP and PEP. The contribution of NEP was significantly higher [5022 (IQR 5002–5286) (pg/μg)/h vs 3555 (IQR 3351–3849) (pg/μg)/h, p=0.005 for the ACE-I group and 4729 (IQR 4438–6135) (pg/μg)/h vs 3601 (IQR 3052–4182) (pg/μg)/h, p=0.012 for no RAS-blockade]. No differences in tissue enzymatic activities between ACE-I and no therapy, as already indicated by the metabolization patterns occurred. Figure 1 Conclusions Enzymatic tissue RAS regulation in end-stage HF seems to be independent from the mode of established RAS-inhibitor therapy.In contrast to plasma, AngII formation of the tissue is mainly chymase dependent, whereas ACE seems to play an unsignificant role. NEP has a substantial role in generating beneficial Ang1–7 from AngI. The impact of NEP inhibition by ARNI on tissue RAS and mechanism of action have to be further investigated.
The level crossing and inverse statistic analysis of German stock market index (DAX) and daily oil price time series (2010)

The level crossing and inverse statistics analysis of DAX and oil price time series are given. We determine the average frequency of positive-slope crossings, $ν_α^+$, where $T_α =1/ν_α^+ $ is the average waiting time for observing the level $α$ again. We estimate the probability $P(K, α)$, which provides us the probability of observing $K$ times of the level $α$ with positive slope, in time scale $T_α$. For analyzed time series we found that maximum $K$ is about 6. We show that by using the level crossing analysis one can estimate how the DAX and oil time series will develop. We carry out same analysis for the increments of DAX and oil price log-returns,(which is known as inverse statistics) and provide the distribution of waiting times to observe some level for the increments.
User Interfaces for Supporting Multiple Categorization. (2003)

As the amount of information stored on and accessed by computer has increased over the past twenty years, the tools available for organizing and retrieving such information have become outdated. The folder paradigm has dominated existing user interfaces as the primary mechanism for organizing information for day-to-day use. This paradigm encourages many-to-one placement of documents into strictly hierarchical containers. In this paper we examine an alternative organization and navigation mechanism that promotes membership in multiple overlapping categories (as opposed to storage containment). In particular, we explore the user interface consequences of multiple categorization support being made conveniently available from within Web browsers. We have carried out user studies providing evidence that compared to the folder paradigm, multiple categorization not only improves organization and retrieval times but also matches more closely with the way users naturally think about organizing their information.
TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ANIMAL FEED PROCESSING WASTEWATER USING FUNCTIONALIZED NANO-ADSORBENT (2019)

This study was carried out to address the growing concern for treatment of animal feed processing industry wastewater using a developed nano-adsorbent. In this study, nano-adsorbent was produced from carbon nanotube via chemical catalytic vapour deposition method. This was further purified and functionalized using multi-step purification techniques to give purified carbon nanotube (P-CNTs). The obtained nano-adsorbent were characterized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the Braunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Clear different morphological features were displayed by HRSEM, HRTEM while crystallinity and mineralogical phases were observed by XRD. The length and diameter of the adsorbent was revealed by nanozetasizer analysis to be 4.20 nm and 35 nm respectively, with an aspect ratio of 3200. The BET analysis showed the surface area of the nano-adsorbent to be 227.639 m2/g and pore size to be 3.156. Furthermore, there were high percentage reduction of some physicochemical parameter and heavy metal content present in the wastewater. The TSS, BOD and COD was reduced by 98%, 82% and 76% respectively, while the removal of selected heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and As) from animal feed wastewater revealed a removal efficiency as follow: 92% of As, 70% of Ni, 66% of Fe, 65% of Cu and 60% of Mn. Conclusively, it can be deduced that the nano-adsorbent is unique and has potential ability, large surface area and greater chemical reactivity for the treatment of animal feed processing wastewater. Hence, the treated wastewater can be re-used for industrial application and irrigation.
Membranes and separators for redox flow batteries (2019)

Ion-exchange membranes are performance- and cost-relevant components of redox flow batteries. Currently used materials are largely ‘borrowed’ from other applications that have different functional requirements. The trend toward higher current densities and the complex transport phenomena of the different species in flow batteries need to be taken into consideration for the design of next-generation membrane/separator materials. In this article, the key requirements and current development trends for membranes and separators for the vanadium redox flow battery are highlighted and discussed.
Potential microRNA therapies targeting Ras, NFkappaB and p53 signaling. (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNAs encoding downstream target genes. A large variety of cellular processes, including differentiation, development, apoptosis and cell cycle progression, are dependent on miRNA-mediated suppression of gene expression for their regulation. As such, it is unsurprising that these small RNA molecules are associated with signaling networks that are often altered in various diseases, including cancer. This review focuses on the function of miRNAs in three of the most well-documented signaling pathways that are dysregulated in tumors: the NFkappaB and Ras prosurvival signaling cascades and the tumor suppressor p53 pathway. Recent findings that connect these pathways through various miRNA families are reviewed, and support for using miRNA therapy as a novel method to counteract these tumor-promoting signaling events are presented.
Abstract 1378: Identification and characterization of small molecule inhibitors targeting Eya phosphatase activity for anti-breast cancer therapy (2011)

Abstract Eya proteins are transcriptional co-activators of the homeobox gene Six1 and are also unique protein tyrosine phosphatases. Six1 and Eya2 are required for normal development but are down-regulated in most adult tissues. However, Six1 and Eya are over-expressed in a large number of breast tumors and play a causal role in the initiation and development of these tumors. The phosphatase activity of Eya was shown to be important for the transformation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Eya's phosphatase activity therefore provides an attractive enzymatic target for anti-breast cancer therapy. In addition, Eyas also direct cells to a DNA-damage-repair pathway instead of an apoptotic pathway upon DNA damage through the dephosphorylation of histone H2AX. Inhibiting Eya phosphatase activity can therefore potentially sensitize tumor tissue to radiation or chemotherapy treatment. We developed an HTS assay to identify small molecule inhibitors of Eya's phosphatase activity. In collaboration with the NIH Chemical Genomics Center, we have screened over 300,000 compounds and identified several promising lead compounds. These hits are currently being evaluated for their potency, specificity, and mechanism of action using biochemical, structural, and cell-based assays. We believe that Eya is a significant target for cancer therapy through sensitizing cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy and through the inhibition of Six1-mediated tumorigenesis and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1378. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1378
Web Developer.com Guide to Streaming Multimedia (1998)

From the Publisher:
If you want to learn how to add streaming multimedia capacity to your websites to make them much more interactive than ever before possible, you need this book. Well-known software/multimedia professional Jose Alvear explains how streaming works, weighs streaming's various advantages and disadvantages, and helps Web developers choose the right strategy and hardware and software for their sites. He provides step-by-step instructions for fully exploiting various approaches to streaming, and highlights important do's and don'ts. The enclosed CD-ROM allows you to practice all of the techniques in the book as well as use multimedia tools like audio and video editors.
Polymer Fibrous Materials for Biomedical Application (2006)

36 references were given to review the fibrous materials for biomedical application and their modification.Biologically-derived macromolecules and synthetic polymers including nondegradable and degradable polymers could be prepared into fibrous forms for surgical suture,wound dressings and tissue engineering scaffolds.Methods including polymer blending,crosslinking and surface modification of fibers such as plasma treatment,surface chemical reaction and polymer grafting were used to improve the mechanical properties,biocompatibility,cell adhesion of fibers and to promote new tissue formation around fibrous materials.
A monographic revision of the treehoppers of the tribe Telamonini of North America (1932)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Conditions for Fabrication of Ideally Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina Using Pretextured Al (2001)

The conditions for the fabrication of ideally ordered anodic porous alumina with a high aspect ratio were examined using pretextured Al in oxalic acid solution. The obtained anodic porous alumina has a defect-free array of straight parallel channels perpendicular to the surface. The channel interval could be controlled by changing the interval of the pretextured pattern and the applied voltage. However, the depth at which perfect ordering could be maintained depended on the anodizing conditions, that is, the hole array with a high aspect ratio could be obtained only under the appropriate anodizing voltage, which corresponded to that of the long-range ordering conditions in the oxalic acid solution. Under the most appropriate condition, ideally ordered channels with an aspect ratio of over 500 could be obtained. From these results, it was concluded that the long-range ordering conditions significantly influenced the growth of channels in anodic porous alumina even in/on the pretextured Al. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Recombinant IFN-α (2b) Increases the Expression of Apoptosis Receptor CD95 and Chemokine Receptors CCR1 and CCR3 in Monocytoid Cells (1999)

Abstract IFN-α-2b, known as potent immune modulator, can either inhibit or enhance immune cell activity within the tightly regulated microenvironment of inflammation, depending upon the concentration of the cytokine and the activation stage of the cell. Chemokine receptors, which not only mediate chemotaxis of immune cells to the site of inflammation but also affect cellular activation by transferring corresponding signals, represent yet another level of immune regulation. Here we demonstrate that IFN-α increases the expression of CCR1 and CCR3 in primary mononuclear phagocytes, as well as in the monocytoid cell line U937. Enhanced receptor mRNA expression correlated with functional readouts such as increased intracellular calcium mobilization and cell migration in response to ligands. Expression of CCR2b, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR4 was unchanged or decreased after IFN-α treatment. These observations indicate a differentially regulated cellular signaling relationship of IFN-α pathways and chemokine receptor expression. We also provide evidence that, under these conditions, IFN-α treatment increased the expression of CD95 (Fas, Apo1), resulting in enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis. Taken together, these data add important information for the rational application of IFN-α (2b) in immune and cancer therapies.
Threshold moisture content and matric suction potentials in expansive clays prior to initiation of cracking in pavements (2011)

Numerous low- to medium-volume roads constructed on expansive clay subgrades have experienced severe pavement cracking and premature loss of serviceability. These roads often become distressed due to volume change associated with seasonal moisture content fluctuation in the underlying soils. An attempt is made in this paper to study field moisture content and soil suction potentials of expansive subsoils, and investigate the potentials at which soil and pavement cracking occur. Two types of sensors were utilized to measure volumetric moisture content and matric suctions in the soils. These sensors were installed at three pavement subgrade sites in Fort Worth, San Antonio, and Paris Districts in Texas, USA. Test results show that site environmental conditions, such as climate and large trees near the test sections, have a strong influence on expansive soil movements and related pavement cracking. Three possible scenarios where pavement cracking could occur in the field, determined from analysis of the data, are outlined. Theoretical correlation developed between the laboratory-based shrinkage strain tests and changes in soil compaction moisture content was successfully used to estimate surficial crack widths in the field. Finally, methods to control desiccation cracking in the field are outlined.
Observation of stochastic resonance in a liquid-crystal light valve with optical feedback induced by colored noise in the driving voltage (2020)

Stochastic resonance is a noise phenomenon that benefits applications such as pattern formation, neural systems, microelectromechanical systems, and image processing. This study experimentally clarifies that the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was switched between two stable positions when stochastic resonance was induced by colored noises in a liquid crystal light valve with optical feedback. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and dichotomous noises were used for colored noise, and the noise was applied to the drive voltage of the liquid crystal light valve. The signal-to-noise ratio was measured with respect to changes in the noise type, noise intensity, and autocorrelation time of the noise. It was found that typical stochastic resonance was observed with a noise autocorrelation time of approximately 20 ms or more for both noise types, and dichotomous noise further enhanced the stochastic resonance compared to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise. This suggests that it is possible to maximize stochastic resonance in a liquid crystal light valve by optimizing the conditions of colored noise.
AIS (1996)

In an old song from the resistance movement in Denmark during the Second World War, one of the key lines is "for the old trees falling, there will be new trees growing up."
New and Easy Strategy for Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of the 5S Subunit of Transcarboxylase fromPropionibacterium f. shermanii (2006)

Methylmalonyl CoA-oxalacetate transcarboxylase (EC 2. 1. 3. 1) from Propionibacterium f. shermanii is a biotin dependent enzyme which transfers CO2 from methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) to pyruvate via a carboxylated biotin group to form oxalacetate. It is composed of three subunits, the central cylindrical hexameric 12S subunit, the outer six dimeric 5S subunit, and the twelve 1.3S linkers. We here report the cloning, sequencing, expression, and purification of the 5S subunit. The gene was identified by matching the amino acid sequence with that of deposited in the NCBI database. For cloned 5S subunit sequence shows regions of high homology with that of pyruvate carboxylase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase. The gene encoding the 5S subunit was cloned into the pTXB1 vector. The expressed 5S subunit was purified to apparent homogeneity by a single step process by using Intein mediated protein ligation (IPL) method. The cloned 5S gene encodes a protein of 505 amino acids and of M(r) 55,700.
Characterization of encapsulated energetic materials for trace explosives aids for scent (TEAS) (2021)

Encapsulation is proposed as a safer way of handling energetic materials. Different encapsulation methods for explosives, such as solvent evaporation, spray coating and supercritical carbon dioxide assisted encapsulation, were explored. Explosive training aids, where energetic materials, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) and trinitrotoluene (TNT), are encapsulated in a polymer matrix were developed, followed by comprehensive quality control testing, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and sensitivity testing, and finally field approved by canine units trained on the pure explosive.
Fibrillar and Nonfibrillar Amyloid Beta Structures Drive Two Modes of Membrane-Mediated Toxicity (2019)

In Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is implicated in neuronal toxicity via interactions with the cell membrane. Monomeric Aβ (Aβ<sub>m</sub>) is intrinsically disordered, but it can adopt a range of aggregated conformations with varying toxicities from short fibrillar oligomers (FO), to globular nonfibrillar oligomers (NFO), and full-length amyloid fibrils. NFO is considered to be the most toxic, followed by fibrils, and finally Aβ<sub>m</sub>. To elucidate molecular-level membrane interactions that contribute to their different toxicities, we used liquid surface X-ray scattering and Langmuir trough insertion assays to compare Aβ<sub>m</sub>, FO, and NFO surface activities and interactions with anionic DMPG lipid monolayers at the air/water interface. All Aβ species were highly surface active and rapidly adopted β-sheet rich structures upon adsorption to the air/water interface. Likewise, all Aβ species had affinity for the anionic membrane. Aβ<sub>m</sub> rapidly converted to β-sheet rich assemblies upon binding the membrane, and these aggregated structures of Aβ<sub>m</sub> and FO disrupted hexagonally packed lipid domains and resulted in membrane thinning and instability. In contrast, NFO perturbed membrane structure by extracting lipids from the air/water interface and causing macroscale membrane deformations. Altogether, our results support two models for membrane-mediated Aβ toxicity: fibril-induced reorganization of lipid packing and NFO-induced membrane destabilization and lipid extraction. This work provides a structural understanding of Aβ neurotoxicity via membrane interactions and aids the effort in understanding early events in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.