gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATP11C Encodes a Major Flippase in Human Erythrocyte and Its Genetic Defect Causes Congenital Non-Spherocytic Hemolytic Anemia (2015)

Abstract Flippases are members of the P-IV ATPase family of proteins, and contribute to localization of phosphatidylserine (PS) in inner leaflet by its ATP-dependent active transport from outer to inner leaflet of lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membranes. It is critical that erythrocytes maintain PS in the inner monolayer to ensure their 120-day survival in circulation since externalization of PS will be recognized as an eat-me signal, resulting in phagocytosis by splenic macrophages. In the present study, we identified that ATP11C gene encodes a major flippase in human erythrocytes. A 13 years-old boy was referred to our hospital for consultation for work up of an undiagnosed congenital hemolytic anemia. Since extensive biochemical and molecular analysis failed to identify hemoglobin, erythrocyte membranes and enzyme abnormalities for the pathogenesis of hemolysis, we performed the whole exome analysis by massively parallel sequencing. We identified that the proband is hemizyogous, and the mother is heterozygous for a missense mutation of ATP11C, c.1253C&gt;A, corresponding to a single amino acid substitution, p.Thr418Asn. Flipping activity as measured by PS internalization was decreased to 10% in the red cells of the proband compared to a normal control, clearly demonstrating that ATP11C encodes a major flippase in the human erythrocyte membranes. The PS-positive erythrocytes were not significantly increased in the whole blood but only in the most dense senescent cells, suggesting that PS exposure did not occur until very late stages of lifespan. We showed that PS exposure mediated by Ca2+-stimulated phospholipid scrambling was not different between red cells of the proband and control. Taken together, our findings imply that suppressed scrambling activity rather than flippase activity is the major contributor to maintainance of PS in inner leaflet of normal red cells during their 120-day lifespan, and that PS exposure to cell surface as an 'eat-me' signal depends primarily on scramblase activity at the end of lifespan. Importantly, our study has enables us to identify the major flippase of human erythrocyte membrane. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential (2023)

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. It can be concluded that a true KD or its mimetics, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, can be considered as positive exposure, protecting the organ from ischemia and its negative consequences, whereas the shift to a rather similar high-calorie or high-fat diet leads to the opposite effect.
Morning increase in onset of ischemic stroke. (1989)

The time of onset of ischemic stroke was determined for 1,167 of 1,273 patients during the collection of data by four academic hospital centers between June 30, 1983, and June 30, 1986. More strokes occurred in awake patients from 10:00 AM to noon than during any other 2-hour interval. The incidence of stroke onset declined steadily during the remainder of the day and early evening. The onset of stroke is least likely to occur in the late evening, before midnight.
Differential adsorption of nucleic acid bases: Relevance to the origin of life (2001)

The adsorption of organic molecules onto the surfaces of inorganic solids has long been considered a process relevant to the origin of life. We have determined the equilibrium adsorption isotherms for the nucleic acid purine and pyrimidine bases dissolved in water on the surface of crystalline graphite. The markedly different adsorption behavior of the bases describes an elutropic series: guanine > adenine > hypoxanthine > thymine > cytosine > uracil. We propose that such differential properties were relevant to the prebiotic chemistry of the bases and may have influenced the composition of the primordial genetic architecture.
Cellular Engineering and Gene Therapy Strategies for Insulin Replacement in Diabetes (1994)

In diabetes, insulin secretion is either completely absent (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]) or inappropriately regulated (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]). In recent years, new insights into the molecular and biochemical mechanism(s) of fuel-mediated insulin release coupled with advances in gene transfer technology have led to the investigation of molecular strategies for replacement of normal insulin delivery function. Such initiatives have included attempts to engineer glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in cell lines that might serve as surrogates for islets in IDDM. The development of DNA virus gene transfer systems of remarkable efficiency also has suggested ways in which the beta-cell dysfunction of NIDDM might ultimately be repaired by gene therapy. The emerging work in these areas and implications for the future are summarized in this perspective.
Gap junctional intercellular communication is required to maintain embryonic stem cells in a non‐differentiated and proliferative state (2007)

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of maintaining a self-renewal state and have the potential to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. Despite their importance in cell therapy and developmental biology, the mechanisms whereby ES cells remain in a proliferative and pluripotent state are still not fully understood. Here we establish a critical role of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin43 (Cx43) in both processes. Pharmacological blockers of GJIC and Cx43 down-regulation by small interfering RNA (siRNA) caused a profound inhibitory effect on GJIC, as evidenced by experiments of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. This deficient intercellular communication in ES cells induced a loss of their pluripotent state, which was manifested in morphological changes, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity, Oct-3/4 and Nanog expression, as well as an up-regulation of several differentiation markers. A decrease in the proliferation rate was also detected. Under these conditions, the formation of embryoid bodies from mouse ES cells was impaired, although this inhibition was reversible upon restoration of GJIC. Our findings define a major function of GJIC in the regulation of self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency in ES cells.
Crystallization and hard magnetic properties of Fe–Co–Nd–Dy–B amorphous alloys with glass transition (2000)

Glass transition followed by a supercooled liquid region was observed in the composition range of 4–56 at. %Co, 2–4.5 %Nd, 0–1.25 %Dy, and 18–30 %B in melt-spun Fe–Co–Nd–Dy–B amorphous alloys. The largest value in the supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) was 45 K for Fe66.5Co9.5Nd3.5Dy0.5B20. The crystallized structure consists of 2:14:1, Fe3B, and α-(Fe, Co) phases and their grain sizes after annealing for 420 s at 933 K are 15, 15, and 50 nm, respectively. The interparticle spacing of the 2:14:1 phase is less than 50 nm. The remanence (Br), coercivity (iHc), and maximum energy product (BH)max after an optimum annealing treatment (933 K, 420 s) are 1.24 T, 263 kA/m, and 92 kJ/m3, respectively, for the Fe66.5Co9.5Nd3.5Dy0.5B20 alloy. The rather good hard magnetic properties are interpreted to result from the exchange magnetic coupling among 2:14:1, Fe3B, and α-(Fe, Co) phases. The good hard magnetic properties in the crystallized state of the Fe–Co–Nd–Dy–B amorphous alloys with large ΔTx over 40 K are expected to enable the future fabrication of a bulk hard magnetic material by the simple process of the formation of a bulk amorphous alloy followed by optimum crystallization.
The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Is a Determinant of Cellular Tropism (2018)

The spike (S) glycoprotein of the avian gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is comprised of two subunits (S1 and S2), has a role in virulence <i>in vivo</i>, and is responsible for cellular tropism <i>in vitro</i> We have previously demonstrated that replacement of the S glycoprotein ectodomain from the avirulent Beaudette strain of IBV with the corresponding region from the virulent M41-CK strain resulted in a recombinant virus, BeauR-M41(S), with the <i>in vitro</i> cell tropism of M41-CK. The IBV Beaudette strain is able to replicate in both primary chick kidney cells and Vero cells, whereas the IBV M41-CK strain replicates in primary cells only. In order to investigate the region of the IBV S responsible for growth in Vero cells, we generated a series of recombinant IBVs expressing chimeric S glycoproteins, consisting of regions from the Beaudette and M41-CK S gene sequences, within the genomic background of Beaudette. The S2, but not the S1, subunit of the Beaudette S was found to confer the ability to grow in Vero cells. Various combinations of Beaudette-specific amino acids were introduced into the S2 subunit of M41 to determine the minimum requirement to confer tropism for growth in Vero cells. The ability of IBV to grow and produce infectious progeny virus in Vero cells was subsequently narrowed down to just 3 amino acids surrounding the S2' cleavage site. Conversely, swapping of the 3 Beaudette-associated amino acids with the corresponding ones from M41 was sufficient to abolish Beaudette growth in Vero cells.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Infectious bronchitis remains a major problem in the global poultry industry, despite the existence of many different vaccines. IBV vaccines, both live attenuated and inactivated, are currently grown on embryonated hen's eggs, a cumbersome and expensive process due to the fact that most IBV strains do not grow in cultured cells. The reverse genetics system for IBV creates the opportunity for generating rationally designed and more effective vaccines. The observation that IBV Beaudette has the additional tropism for growth on Vero cells also invokes the possibility of generating IBV vaccines produced from cultured cells rather than by the use of embryonated eggs. The regions of the IBV Beaudette S glycoprotein involved in the determination of extended cellular tropism were identified in this study. This information will enable the rational design of a future generation of IBV vaccines that may be grown on Vero cells.
Scientific workflow management and the Kepler system (2005)

Abstract Many scientific disciplines are now data and information driven, and new scientific knowledge is often gained by scientists putting together data analysis and knowledge discovery ‘pipelines’. A related trend is that more and more scientific communities realize the benefits of sharing their data and computational services, and are thus contributing to a distributed data and computational community infrastructure (a.k.a. ‘the Grid’). However, this infrastructure is only a means to an end and ideally scientists should not be too concerned with its existence. The goal is for scientists to focus on development and use of what we call scientific workflows . These are networks of analytical steps that may involve, e.g., database access and querying steps, data analysis and mining steps, and many other steps including computationally intensive jobs on high‐performance cluster computers. In this paper we describe characteristics of and requirements for scientific workflows as identified in a number of our application projects. We then elaborate on Kepler, a particular scientific workflow system, currently under development across a number of scientific data management projects. We describe some key features of Kepler and its underlying Ptolemy II system, planned extensions, and areas of future research. Kepler is a community‐driven, open source project, and we always welcome related projects and new contributors to join. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Ceragenins and Antimicrobial Peptides Kill Bacteria through Distinct Mechanisms (2022)

Ceragenins are a family of synthetic amphipathic molecules designed to mimic the properties of naturally occurring cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Although ceragenins have potent antimicrobial activity, whether their mode of action is similar to that of CAMPs has remained elusive. Here, we reported the results of a comparative study of the bacterial responses to two well-studied CAMPs, LL37 and colistin, and two ceragenins with related structures, CSA13 and CSA131. Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we found that Escherichia coli responded similarly to both CAMPs and ceragenins by inducing a Cpx envelope stress response. However, whereas E. coli exposed to CAMPs increased expression of genes involved in colanic acid biosynthesis, bacteria exposed to ceragenins specifically modulated functions related to phosphate transport, indicating distinct mechanisms of action between these two classes of molecules. Although traditional genetic approaches failed to identify genes that confer high-level resistance to ceragenins, using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats interference (CRISPRi) approach we identified E. coli essential genes that when knocked down modify sensitivity to these molecules. Comparison of the essential gene-antibiotic interactions for each of the CAMPs and ceragenins identified both overlapping and distinct dependencies for their antimicrobial activities. Overall, this study indicated that, while some bacterial responses to ceragenins overlap those induced by naturally occurring CAMPs, these synthetic molecules target the bacterial envelope using a distinctive mode of action. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The development of novel antibiotics is essential because the current arsenal of antimicrobials will soon be ineffective due to the widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance. The development of naturally occurring cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) for therapeutics to combat antibiotic resistance has been hampered by high production costs and protease sensitivity, among other factors. The ceragenins are a family of synthetic CAMP mimics that kill a broad spectrum of bacterial species but are less expensive to produce, resistant to proteolytic degradation, and seemingly resistant to the development of high-level resistance. Determining how ceragenins function may identify new essential biological pathways of bacteria that are less prone to the development of resistance and will further our understanding of the design principles for maximizing the effects of synthetic CAMPs.
De l'Optique électromagnétique à l'interférométrie concepts et illustrations (2013)

National audience
Identification of an Intermediate of the Photosubstitution of a Ruthenium(II) Diimine Complex with a Monodentate Chelating Ligand: 1H NMR and HPLC Evidence (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of an Intermediate of the Photosubstitution of a Ruthenium(II) Diimine Complex with a Monodentate Chelating Ligand: 1H NMR and HPLC EvidenceSatoshi Tachiyashiki, Hidenori Ikezawa, and Kunihiko MizumachiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 4, 623–625Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00082a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00082a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation: The importance of the PSA nadir within 12 months (2004)

4569 Background: The nadir in PSA after prostate cancer treatment with 3D conformal radiotherapy (RT) may take years to occur; it is these kinetics which limit the clinical application of this highly significant predictor of outcome. In this report the value of the nadir PSA within 12 months of completing RT (nadir PSA12) was determined for patients treated with RT alone or RT plus androgen deprivation (AD). Methods: Between 5/1989–11/1999, 997 men received RT alone and 153 received RT+AD (median duration of AD 3 mo; range 1–23 mo; 127 men received ≤6 mo). The median follow-up from the completion of all treatment was 59 mo and 67 mo for the RT alone and RT+AD groups. The median RT doses were 76 Gy (range 63–84 Gy) and 77 Gy (range 64–82 Gy) for the RT alone and RT+AD groups. Multivariate analysis (MVA) via Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the association of nadir PSA12 to biochemical failure (BF; ASTRO definition), distant metastasis (DM) and overall mortality (OM). Results: The median nadir PSA12s were 1.3 (range <0.1–177.0) and 0.3 ng/ml (range <0.1–9.1) in the RT alone and RT+AD groups. For those who received RT alone, nadir PSA12 was significantly related in the MVAs to BF (p=0.0005), DM (p<0.0001) and OM (p<0.0001), independently of the other significant covariates of RT dose (continuous), T-stage (T1/T2ab vs T2c/T3), Gleason score (2–6 vs 7 vs 8–10) and initial pre-RT PSA (iPSA; continuous) for BF and all but iPSA for DM and OM. For those who received RT+AD, nadir PSA12 was significantly related to BF (p=0.0003) and DM (p<0.0001), independently of the other significant covariates of RT dose and T-stage for BF and Gleason score for DM; there were not enough events to run an MVA for OM. A nadir PSA12 of >2 ng/ml was associated with 5 yr BF, and DM rates of 36% and 8% for RT alone and 100% and 50% for RT+AD. The 5 yr OM rate for those with a nadir PSA12 >2 ng/ml after RT alone was 8%. Conclusions: Nadir PSA12 was a strong independent predictor of eventual BF, DM and OM, providing meaningful early information that may prove useful in directing additional treatment, especially for those who received RT+AD. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca
E-journal databases: a long-term solution? (2001)

This paper outlines the challenges inherent in electronic journals that have led some libraries to develop databases to assist in their management. These challenges include: new subscription options, new ways of providing access and new staff involved in acquisition; an increase in complexity in the supply chain; license restrictions; the volume and volatility of electronic journals; and, changes for collection development. The first part of the paper contains a discussion of these challenges and the resulting e-journal management database solutions, with examples provided from the Griffith University Library Electronic Resources Database (ERD). The second part of the paper focuses on the long-term viability of e-journal databases by examining the future evolution of the e-journal, alternatives such as integrated library systems and subscription vendors, and collaborative endeavors.
Advances in Solar Energy: Volume 16 (2017)

Advances in Solar Energy: An Annual Review of Research And Development. , Advances in Solar Energy: An Annual Review of Research And Development. , کتابخانه‌های دانشگاه کردستان
[Effectiveness of paraformaldehyde foam in continuous disinfection of poultry bedding and dried liquid waste of pigs]. (1979)

In laboratory experiments 24-hour cultures of poultry strains E. coli, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas on paper carriers without an agar coat and with it, after 6-hour exposure in dilutions from 10(-4) to 0, were devitalized by paraformaldehyde foam. The Bacillus strain was devitalized only after 24-hour exposure. After adding paraformaldehyde foam in an amount of 0.6% of the weight into litter under a multiplier flock of layers four months before expedition, and after adding paraformaldehyde foam in an amount of 5% and 10% of the weight into the litter for chick broilers, microbial contamination of the litter did not decrease in comparison with the control. 24-hour old cultures of tested microbial strains on carriers were not devitalized after 24-hour exposure in a mixture to litter and paraformaldehyde foam not even after adjusting the volume ratio of mixing to 1 : 9. The disinfecting effect on microbes growing in End's agar and in blood agar with crystal violet was manifested only after adding dried liquid manure of pigs with paraformaldehyde foam at a volume ratio of 50% to 50% after exposure times of 1, 3 and 6.0 weeks. Despite the excellent results obtained with paraformaldehyde foam in disinfecting test-microbes on carriers in laboratory experiments, practical application at a very low volume weight for continuous disinfection of poultry litter is technically unrealistic.
Resting cerebral blood flow (2009)

<b>Objective:</b> HIV enters the brain soon after infection causing neuronal damage and microglial/astrocyte dysfunction leading to neuropsychological impairment. We examined the impact of HIV on resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) within the lenticular nuclei (LN) and visual cortex (VC). <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study used arterial spin labeling MRI (ASL-MRI) to measure rCBF within 33 HIV+ and 26 HIV− subjects. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test assessed rCBF differences due to HIV serostatus. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis determined optimal rCBF cutoffs for differentiating HIV serostatus. The effects of neuropsychological impairment and infection duration on rCBF were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> rCBF within the LN and VC were significantly reduced for HIV+ compared to HIV− subjects. A 2-tiered CART approach using either LN rCBF ≤50.09 mL/100 mL/min or LN rCBF &gt;50.09 mL/100 mL/min but VC rCBF ≤37.05 mL/100 mL/min yielded an 88% (29/33) sensitivity and an 88% (23/26) specificity for differentiating by HIV serostatus. HIV+ subjects, including neuropsychologically unimpaired, had reduced rCBF within the LN (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and VC (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to HIV− controls. A temporal progression of brain involvement occurred with LN rCBF significantly reduced for both acute/early (&lt;1 year of seroconversion) and chronic HIV-infected subjects, whereas rCBF in the VC was diminished for only chronic HIV-infected subjects. <b>Conclusion:</b> Resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using arterial spin labeling MRI has the potential to be a noninvasive neuroimaging biomarker for assessing HIV in the brain. rCBF reductions that occur soon after seroconversion possibly reflect neuronal or vascular injury among HIV+ individuals not yet expressing neuropsychological impairment.