gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Challenge To Relate the Physicochemical Properties of Colloidal Nanoparticles to Their Cytotoxicity (2012)

Nanomaterials offer opportunities to construct novel compounds for many different fields. Applications include devices for energy, including solar cells, batteries, and fuel cells, and for health, including contrast agents and mediators for photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia. Despite these promising applications, any new class of materials also bears a potential risk for human health and the environment. The advantages and innovations of these materials must be thoroughly compared against risks to evaluate each new nanomaterial. Although nanomaterials are often used intentionally, they can also be released unintentionally either inside the human body, through wearing of a prosthesis or the inhalation of fumes, or into the environment, through mechanical wear or chemical powder waste. This possibility adds to the importance of understanding potential risks from these materials. Because of fundamental differences in nanomaterials, sound risk assessment currently requires that researchers perform toxicology studies on each new nanomaterial. However, if toxicity could be correlated to the basic physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, those relationships could allow researchers to predict potential risks and design nanomaterials with minimum toxicity. In this Account we describe the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and how they can be determined and discuss their general importance for cytotoxicity. For simplicity, we focus primarily on in vitro toxicology that examines the interaction of living cells with engineered colloidal NPs with an inorganic core. Serious risk assessment of NPs will require additional in vivo studies. Basic physicochemical properties of nanoparticulate materials include colloidal stability, purity, inertness, size, shape, charge, and their ability to adsorb environmental compounds such as proteins. Unfortunately, the correlation of these properties with toxicity is not straightforward. First, for NPs released either unintentionally or intentionally, it can be difficult to pinpoint these properties in the materials. Therefore, researchers typically use NP models with better defined properties, which don't include the full complexity of most industrially relevant materials. In addition, many of these properties are strongly mutually connected. Therefore, it can be difficult to vary individual properties in NP models while keeping the others constant.
Thermal issues in disk drive design (2006)

The importance of pushing the performance envelope of disk drives continues to grow in the enterprise storage market. One of the most fundamental factors impacting disk drive design is heat dissipation, since it directly affects drive reliability. Until now, drive manufacturers have continued to meet the 40% annual growth target of the internal data-rates (IDR) by increasing RPMs and shrinking platter sizes, both of which have counteracting effects on the heat dissipation within a drive. In this article, we shall show that we are getting to a point where it is going to be very difficult to stay on this roadmap. We first present detailed models that capture the close relationships between capacity, performance, and thermal characteristics over time. Using these models, we quantify the drop-off in IDR growth rates over the next decade if we are to adhere to the thermal design envelope. We motivate the need for continued improvements in IDR by showing that the response times of real workloads can be improved by 30--60% with a 10K increase in the RPM for disks used in their respective storage systems. We then present two dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques that can be used to buy back some of this IDR loss. The first DTM technique exploits the thermal slack between what the drive was intended to support and the currently lower operating temperature to ramp up the RPM. The second DTM technique assumes that the drive is only designed for average case operation and dynamically throttles its activities to remain within the thermal envelope.
Enzyme-catalyzed Ag Growth on Au Nanoparticle-assembled Structure for Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Immunoassay (2018)

We have developed a sensitive colorimetric immunoassay with broad dynamic range using enzyme-catalyzed Ag growth on gold nanoparticle (NP)-assembled silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>@Au@Ag). To reduce Ag<sup>+</sup> ion content and promote Ag growth on the assembled Au NPs, alkaline phosphatase (AP)-based enzymatic amplification was incorporated, which considerably increased the colorimetric read-out. As a model study, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify target IgG. The immune complexes capture the Ab-IgG-AP-labeled detection Ab and trigger the enzyme-catalyzed reaction to convert 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid to ascorbic acid in the presence of the target IgG. Ascorbic acid reduced Ag<sup>+</sup> to Ag, which formed Ag shells on the surface of SiO<sub>2</sub>@Au and enhanced the absorbance of the SiO<sub>2</sub>@Au@Ag solution. Plasmonic immunoassay showed a significant linear relationship between absorbance and the logarithm of IgG concentration in the range of ca. 7 × 10<sup>-13</sup> M to 7 × 10<sup>-11</sup> M. The detection limit was at 1.4 × 10<sup>-13</sup> M, which is several hundred folds higher than that of any conventional colorimetric immunoassay. Thus, our novel approach of signal-amplification can be used for highly sensitive in vitro diagnostics and detection of target proteins with the naked eye without using any sophisticated instrument.
Dielectric Barrier, Etch Stop, and Metal Capping Materials for State of the Art and beyond Metal Interconnects (2014)

Over the past decade, the primary focus for improving the performance of nano-electronic metal interconnect structures has been to reduce the impact of resistance-capacitance (RC) delays via utilizing insulating dielectrics with ever lower values of dielectric permittivity. The integration and implementation of such low dielectric constant (i.e. low-k) materials has been fraught with numerous challenges. For intermetal and interlayer (ILD) low-k dielectrics, these challenges have been largely associated to integration with metal interconnect fabrication processes and well documented and reviewed in the literature. Although equally important, less attention has been given to other low-k dielectrics utilized in metal interconnect structures that are commonly referred to as low-k dielectric barriers (DB), etch stops (ES), and/or Cu capping layers (CCL). These materials present numerous challenges as well for integration into metal interconnect fabrication processes. However, they also have more stringent integrated functionality requirements relative to low-k ILD materials that serve only a basic purpose of electrically isolating adjacent metal lines. In this article, we review the integration challenges and associated integrated functionality requirements for low-k DB/ES/CCL materials with a focus on the current status and future direction needed for these materials to facilitate both Moore's law (i.e. More Moore) and More than Moore scaling.
Measuring Topological Invariants in Photonic Systems (2015)

Electronic transport is localized in low-dimensional disordered media. The addition of gauge fields to disordered media leads to fundamental changes in the transport properties. We implement a synthetic gauge field for photons using silicon-on-insulator technology. By determining the distribution of transport properties, we confirm that waves are localized in the bulk and localization is suppressed in edge states. Furthermore, we measure corresponding topological invariants and investigate the chiral gauge anomaly in the context of Chern-Simon theory. Our system provides a new platform for investigating the transport properties of photons in the presence of synthetic gauge fields.
Figure S6 from Intratumoral Plasmid IL12 Expands CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells and Induces a CXCR3 Gene Signature in Triple-negative Breast Tumors that Sensitizes Patients to Anti–PD-1 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6&lt;/p&gt;
Entanglement and Decoherence of a Micromechanical Resonator via Coupling to a Cooper-Pair Box (2002)

We analyze the quantum dynamics of a micromechanical resonator capacitively coupled to a Cooper-pair box. With appropriate quantum state control of the Cooper box, the resonator can be driven into a superposition of spatially separated states. The Cooper box can also be used to probe the decay of the resonator superposition state due to environmental decoherence.
Quality management of real-time data in cyber-physical systems (2013)

This thesis investigates how to manage the quality of real-time data in a cyberphysical system. We present intensive theoretical analysis and extensive performance evaluation of the designed algorithms. The major work is outlined as follows. Temporal data consistency is very important in cyber-physical systems. A cyberphysical system is a system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between, the system’s computational and physical elements. In a cyber-physical system, the update tasks that aim at updating real-time data always have transmission delays or jitters from the sources to the destinations. In Chapter 2, we present how to maintain the temporal consistency of real-time data when different types of jitters are taken into consideration. We first present a novel algorithm to guarantee the temporal consistency of real-time data when the jitter of each update task has a limited bound. Based on the novel algorithm, an enhanced algorithm is presented to provide statistical temporal consistency of real-time data when the jitter of each update task is unbounded and unpredictable. Performance evaluation shows that both algorithms can provide good temporal data consistency when different kinds of jitters are considered. Maintaining the temporal consistency of real-time data has a close relationship with meeting the deadlines of control tasks. Unfortunately, these two goals, maintaining temporal data consistency and meeting the control tasks’ deadlines, conflict with each other and are difficult to be achieved at the same time. To address the conflict, in Chapter 3, we present a fixed priority co-scheduling algorithm. It uses periodic update tasks to maintain the temporal consistency of real-time data. It judiciously decides the priority order among all the update tasks and control tasks
Analysis of an offset modulation transmission (2013)

In this article, a method called offset modulation (OM-OFDM) is proposed to control the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. The theoretical bandwidth occupancy of the proposed offset modulated signal is derived. Using these bandwidth occupancy results, a closed-form theoretical bit error rate (BER) expression for an offset modulated transmission is derived and validated. Thereafter, a BER comparison between OM-OFDM and OFDM at a PAPR value of 13 dB shows that both methods offer similar BER characteristics for frequency selective fading channel conditions. The OM-OFDM method in addition is able to accurately control the PAPR of a transmission for a targeted BER. The authors have further proposed a newly applied power performance decision metric, which can be used throughout the PAPR field, in order to compare various methods. By using this power performance decision metric, the authors show that OM-OFDM offers between 4 dB-1.2 dB (60.34%-24.6%) and 4.1 dB-1.2 dB (60.8%-23.6%), net power performance gain (at a BER of 10 -4 ) when compared to a clipped OFDM, OFDM, tone reserved (TR) OFDM and an active constellation extended (ACE) OFDM transmission in a frequency selective fading channel. Finally, by using a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), the OM-OFDM method is shown to offer between 3.2 dB and 2 dB PAPR reduction (at a CCDF of 10 -1 ) when compared to an OFDM, TR, clipped, and ACE OFDM transmission.
Rebeccamycin Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Inhibiting Myosin Light Chain Kinase Production (2017)

Rebeccamycin attenuates TNF-α-induced disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity by inducing claudin-5 expression and suppressing MLCK production via Chk1 activation.
Targeting the eIF4F translation initiation complex for cancer therapy (2008)

In multiple human cancers, the function of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is elevated and directly related to disease progression. Overexpression or hyperactivation of eIF4E in experimental models can drive cellular transformation and malignant progression. Elevated eIF4E function triggers enhanced assembly of the eIF4F translation initiation complex and thereby drives cap-dependent translation. Though all capped mRNAs require eIF4F for translation, a pool of mRNAs are exceptionally dependent on elevated eIF4F activity for translation and are thereby selectively and disproportionately affected by altered eIF4F activity. These mRNAs encode proteins that play significant roles in all aspects of malignancy including angiogenesis factors (VEGF, FGF-2), onco-proteins (c-myc, cyclin D1, ODC), pro-survival proteins (survivin, BCL-2) and proteins involved in tumor invasion and metastasis (MMP-9, heparanase). Recent advances in targeting the eIF4F complex have highlighted the role for this complex in tumor cell survival and angiogenesis and have illuminated the enhanced susceptibility of the tumor cells to inhibition of the eIF4F complex. These studies have demonstrated the attractiveness and plausibility of targeting eIF4E and the eIF4F translation initiation complex for cancer therapy and have prompted the advance of the first eIF4E-specific therapy to the clinic.
Who is "you"? (2009)

We explore the problem of resolving the second person English pronoun you in multi-party dialogue, using a combination of linguistic and visual features. First, we distinguish generic and referential uses, then we classify the referential uses as either plural or singular, and finally, for the latter cases, we identify the addressee. In our first set of experiments, the linguistic and visual features are derived from manual transcriptions and annotations, but in the second set, they are generated through entirely automatic means. Results show that a multimodal system is often preferable to a unimodal one.
Abstract 5330: Methioninase-loaded erythrocytes: a promising drug for L-methionine restriction therapy in cancer (2015)

Abstract Several studies reported a complete dependence of different tumor cells on L-methionine (Met), an essential amino acid, for maintaining their high proliferation rate while normal cells keep their ability to grow on Met-deprived medium (Cavuoto and Fenech, 2012). Met restriction appearing as an important strategy for cancer treatment, different therapeutic approaches using either Met restricted regimens or Met-catabolizing enzymes were investigated. Phase I and II clinical trials associating dietary Met restriction with chemotherapy were conducted with cancer patients (Thivat et al., 2009; Durando et al, 2010). A 40% reduction of plasmatic methionine was achieved with a 1-day Met-free diet per month. Interesting long-duration of disease stabilization was observed in some patients. However this diet is extremely difficult to maintain. In order to obtain longer Met depletion in plasma, enzyme therapy using Methionine gamma-lyase (MGL), a pyridoxal-dependent enzyme that specifically degrades Met into alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia and thiols, was explored. MGL enzyme isolated from Pseudomonas putida was selected as preferred candidate for the development of therapy. However, preclinical studies conducted in primates showed a very short half-life of the active form of MGL enzyme (2h) due to a rapid in vivo dissociation of the pyridoxal (PLP) cofactor (Yang et al., 2004). To overcome this problem of PLP-dissociation, we encapsulated the active MGL into erythrocytes, natural pool of PLP in the body and evaluated PK-PD parameters of product over a 5-day period in a mouse model. Once entrapped into erythrocytes, the MGL enzyme maintained more than 30% of its specific activity after 5 days in circulation. A 60-70% Met depletion was achieved 15 min post-injection and then depletion was stabilized at 40% over the 5 day-period of the study. In comparison, administration of the free MGL at similar doses led to a rapid loss of the active form in several hours. Met was totally deprived 15 min post-injection but plasmatic Met level returned to baseline by 24h. Increasing two-fold the concentration of free methioninase did not improved the in vivo Met depletion. In conclusion, we report that methioninase-loaded-erythrocytes can lower Met concentration in mouse plasma for at least 5 days and may be an innovative strategy to kill tumors by met-starvation. Citation Format: Fabien Gay, Julie Bes, Vanessa Bourgeaux, Yann Godfrin. Methioninase-loaded erythrocytes: a promising drug for L-methionine restriction therapy in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5330. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5330
Short‐Term Hypoxia Enhances the Migratory Capability of Dendritic Cell Through HIF‐1α and PI3K/Akt Pathway (2014)

Hypoxia represents an inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, which can modulate cell functions, primarily through the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells and their migration maybe affected by hypoxia, since the local microenvironment in lymphoid organs, as well as in inflamed and tumor tissues, is characterized by low oxygen tensions. In this study we observed an enhanced migratory capability of human monocyte-derived DC, using in vitro migration assays performed under hypoxic conditions. Such enhancement was independent on either the chemoattractants involved or the maturation level of DC. However, HIF-1α appeared to be crucial for the migration only of immature DC and not for mature DC under hypoxia, as indicated by HIF-1α siRNA approaches. Furthermore, we observed that while Akt phosphorylation was enhanced in both immature and mature DC exposed to hypoxia, other signaling pathways, such as p38 and p42/p44 MAPK, were differently affected during hypoxic treatment. More interestingly, aspecific and specific inhibition of PI3K/Akt indicated that such pathway was relevant for the migration of both immature and matured DC under hypoxia, even when DC were transfected with HIF-1α siRNA. Our results indicate that, besides HIF-1α, several other pathways, including PI3K/Akt, may be involved in the response to hypoxia of immature and, more specifically, of mature DC to sustain their trafficking and functions within hypoxic microenvironments.
Development, Reliability, and Validity of the Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire (HPSQ) (2008)

The HPSQ is suitable for use by occupational therapists for identification of handwriting deficiency among school-aged children and is appropriate for varied academic and clinical uses. More studies with larger samples of varied age groups are required to further support the questionnaire's reliability and validity.
BattRAE: Bidimensional Attention-Based Recursive Autoencoders for Learning Bilingual Phrase Embeddings (2017)

In this paper, we propose a bidimensional attention based recursiveautoencoder (BattRAE) to integrate clues and sourcetargetinteractions at multiple levels of granularity into bilingualphrase representations. We employ recursive autoencodersto generate tree structures of phrases with embeddingsat different levels of granularity (e.g., words, sub-phrases andphrases). Over these embeddings on the source and targetside, we introduce a bidimensional attention network to learntheir interactions encoded in a bidimensional attention matrix,from which we extract two soft attention weight distributionssimultaneously. These weight distributions enableBattRAE to generate compositive phrase representations viaconvolution. Based on the learned phrase representations, wefurther use a bilinear neural model, trained via a max-marginmethod, to measure bilingual semantic similarity. To evaluatethe effectiveness of BattRAE, we incorporate this semanticsimilarity as an additional feature into a state-of-the-art SMTsystem. Extensive experiments on NIST Chinese-English testsets show that our model achieves a substantial improvementof up to 1.63 BLEU points on average over the baseline.
A Scaffold‐Hopping Strategy toward the Identification of Inhibitors of Cyclin G Associated Kinase (2018)

We recently reported the discovery of isothiazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-based inhibitors of cyclin G associated kinase (GAK) displaying low nanomolar binding affinity for GAK and demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity. To come up with novel core structures that act as GAK inhibitors, a scaffold-hopping approach was applied starting from two different isothiazolo[4,3-b]pyridines. In total, 13 novel 5,6- and 6,6-fused bicyclic heteroaromatic scaffolds were synthesized. Four of them displayed GAK affinity with K<sub>d</sub> values in the low micromolar range that can serve as chemical starting points for the discovery of GAK inhibitors based on a different scaffold.
Lipid membrane analogues. Formation of highly-oriented structures and their phase separation behaviour in benzene (1992)

L-Glutamate derivatives 1 and 2 having two N-dodecylamide groups formed highly-oriented aggregates in benzene, which underwent phase transition and phase separation behaviours analogous to those of lipid membranes.
Lithium Insertion Compounds (1986)

This chapter contains sections titled: Vanadium Disulfide Lithium Divanadium Pentoxide Lithium Rhenium Trioxidex: LixReO3 (x η 0.2)
Key performance parameter based systems engineering for the Giant Magellan Telescope through construction and commissioning (2020)

In the advanced design, construction, and commissioning phases of GMTO project, the critical role of systems engineering is tracking and managing expected observatory performance and ensuring that the scientific goals of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) are met. GMTO’s approach to this role is defining Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) to measure technical performance. A set of KPPs have been established to assess the performance of the telescope through construction and Assembly, Integration, Verification, and Commissioning (AIVC). Each KPP has a threshold value representing the minimum acceptable performance, and an objective value representing the desired operational performance. KPPs are used to prioritize maturation plans for technologies and novel system-level design strategies. The KPPs directly characterize the performance of the telescope by ensuring focal plane (image), exit pupil (wavefront) and light collecting capabilities of the telescope. The paper demonstrates that the chosen KPPs properly represent key science capabilities, as image size, sensitivity, photometric, and astrometric accuracy. It is also shown how detailed error budgets link the KPPs to component technical specifications that in turn are closely monitored by simulations. Integrated modeling is crucial for the performance-based systems engineering approach of defining and then evaluating the objective and threshold levels for the KPPs. As described in other GMTO paper at this conference, contributions from individual subsystems and components are modeled to determine their effect on system performance. We describe how GMTO has implemented KPPs and is now using them to guide and coordinate technical development.