gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Active Disturbance Rejection Control Architecture for Bicycle Automatic Transmission (2019)

In this study, the output of bicycle is a kind of dynamic link output, bicycle movement has certain inertia, its change will not jump at any time, but the speed command is jumping. Therefore, when the initial error of the system is large, in order to achieve the tracking effect, the system will produce a large overshoot, resulting in a large initial impact. In view of this, in order to reduce the initial error and overshoot of the system, a suitable Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) structure is designed in this paper. The nonlinear tracking differentiator is used to arrange the transition process, and the nonlinear extended observer is used to carry out the nonlinear PID controller to realize the automatic transmission of bicycles. Experiments prove that using proximity switch to detect the number of rotation cycles of bicycle pedal in fixed time as system count, feedback with speed sensor, and using single chip controller as PID control theory to drive DC motor to adjust the gear of bicycle transmission, and to improve the accuracy of gear transmission, can make riding bicycle more labor-saving. With the improvement of safety, in order to achieve the purpose of bicycle automatic transmission design.
Effects of probiotics on the prevention of atopic dermatitis (2012)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder that is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. The exact etiology of AD remains unknown, and a cure for AD is not currently available. The hypothesis that appropriate early microbial stimulation contributes to the establishment of a balanced immune system in terms of T helper type Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cell (Treg) responses has led to the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AD in light of various human clinical studies and animal experiments. Meta-analysis data suggests that probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of AD in infants. The effects of balancing Th1/Th2 immunity and enhancing Treg activity via the interaction of probiotics with dendritic cells have been described in vitro and in animal models, although such an effect has not been demonstrated in human studies. In this review, we present some highlights of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in humans and animal studies with regard to their effects on the prevention of AD.
Expectations, outcomes, and challenges of modern code review (2013)

Code review is a common software engineering practice employed both in open source and industrial contexts. Review today is less formal and more “lightweight” than the code inspections performed and studied in the 70s and 80s. We empirically explore the motivations, challenges, and outcomes of tool-based code reviews. We observed, interviewed, and surveyed developers and managers and manually classified hundreds of review comments across diverse teams at Microsoft. Our study reveals that while finding defects remains the main motivation for review, reviews are less about defects than expected and instead provide additional benefits such as knowledge transfer, increased team awareness, and creation of alternative solutions to problems. Moreover, we find that code and change understanding is the key aspect of code reviewing and that developers employ a wide range of mechanisms to meet their understanding needs, most of which are not met by current tools. We provide recommendations for practitioners and researchers.
Palladium/Copper-Cocatalyzed Arylsilylation of Internal Alkynes with Acyl Fluorides and Silylboranes: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenylsilanes by Three-Component Coupling Reaction (2021)

In this Letter, the palladium/copper-cocatalyzed arylsilylation of internal alkynes with acyl fluorides and silylboranes is described. This is the first example in which acyl fluorides have been utilized for the three-component coupling reaction via decarbonylation, yielding a variety of tetrasubstituted alkenylsilanes in moderate to good yields.
Re: Fertility Outcomes after Extended Searches for Ejaculated Spermatozoa in Men with Virtual Azoospermia (2018)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Apr 2018Re: Fertility Outcomes after Extended Searches for Ejaculated Spermatozoa in Men with Virtual Azoospermia Craig NiederbergerMD Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.01.012AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2018 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4April 2018Page: 878-880 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Delivering Distributed Machine Learning Services in All-Optical Datacenter Networks with Torus Topology (2021)

We propose a wavelength selective switch (WSS) based all-optical data center network (DCN) in Torus topology. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to deliver distributed machine learning (DML) services. Simulation results show that the proposed approaches achieve short service execution time and low lightpath signal loss.
Analysis of DXA scans of males performed in clinical center of vojvodina (2017)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
An X-Ray Method for Determining Tin Coating Thickness on Steel (1950)

The thickness of tin coatings on steel can be measured rapidly and nondestructively on either side of the sheet by application of a simple x‐ray technique. The method is based on the selection of an x‐ray beam of a wavelength that excites significant amounts of secondary radiation in the base metal but not in the coating. With this method, results were obtained that are comparable in accuracy and reproducibility to those obtained with the usual chemical methods for measuring the coating thickness of tin on steel.
Optically active dimethylsiloxane copolymers with nucleophilic chiral sulfur groups pendant to the polysiloxane chain (1997)

Polydimethylsiloxanes with part of the siloxane units bearing an optically active sulfoxide group were synthesized. These copolymers had chiral sulfur centres connected to the siloxane chain by a dimethylene bridge. They were obtained mostly by the kinetically controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1-(2-organothioethyl)1,3,3,5,5-pentamethylcyclotrisiloxanes, followed by stereoselective oxidation of prochiral groups to yield partially enantiomeric sulfoxide groups. Sulfoxides bearing cyclic monomers were also used. Polymers were characterized by spectroscopy and polarimetry. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 879–888, 1997
Runtime Reconfigurable Bus Arbitration for Concurrent Applications on Heterogeneous MPSoC Architectures (2014)

This paper describes a runtime reconfigurable bus arbitration technique for concurrent applications on heterogeneous MPSoC architectures. Here, a hardware/software approach is introduced as part of a runtime framework that enables selecting and adapting different policies (i. e., fixed-priority, TDMA, and Round-Robin) such that the performance goals of concurrent applications can be satisfied. To evaluate the hardware cost, we compare our proposed solution with respect to a well-known SPARC V8 architecture supporting fixed-priority arbitration. Notably, even providing the flexibility for selecting up to three different policies, our reconfigurable arbiter needs only 25% and 7% more LUTs and slices registers, respectively. The reconfiguration overhead for changing between different policies is 56 cycles and for programming new time slots, only 28 cycles are necessary. For demonstrating the benefits of this reconfiguration framework, we setup a mixed hard/soft real-time scenario by considering four applications with different timeliness requirements. The experimental results show that by reconfiguring the arbiter, less processing elements can be used for achieving a specific target frame rate. Moreover, adjusting the time slots for TDMA, we can speedup a soft real-time algorithm while still satisfying the deadline for hard real-time applications.
Force and Torque Effects of a 1.5‐Tesla MRI Scanner on Cardiac Pacemakers and ICDs (2001)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely accepted tool for the diagnosis of a variety of disease states. However, the presence of an implanted pacemaker is considered to be a strict contraindication to MRI in a vast majority of centers due to safety concerns. In phantom studies, the authors investigated the force and torque effects of the static magnetic field of MRI on pacemakers and ICDs. Thirty-one pacemakers (15 dual chamber and 16 single chamber units) from eight manufacturers and 13 ICDs from four manufacturers were exposed to the static magnetic field of a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Magnetic force and acceleration measurements were obtained quantitatively, and torque measurements were made qualitatively. For pacemakers, the measured magnetic force was in the range of 0.05-3.60 N. Pacemakers released after 1995 had low magnetic force values as compared to the older devices. For these devices, the measured acceleration was even lower than the gravity of the earth (< 9.81 N/kg). Likewise, the torque levels were significantly reduced in newer generation pacemakers (< or = 2 from a scale of 6). ICD devices, except for one recent model, showed higher force (1.03-5.85 N), acceleration 9.5-34.2 N/kg), and torque (5-6 out of 6) levels. In conclusion, modern pacemakers present no safety risk with respect to magnetic force and torque induced by the static magnetic field of a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. However, ICD devices, despite considerable reduction in size and weight, may still pose problems due to strong magnetic force and torque.
Urdal : Une nouvelle inscription rupestre ibère à Ger (Cerdagne) avec une possible divinité zoomorphe liée au sanglier (2020)

Le texte de cette nouvelle inscription rupestre est urdalike, qui contient le noyau urdal et le morpheme ike. La condition de divinite d’urdal etait deja assumee par sa documentation repetee neuf fois a l’abri du Tarragon (Losa del Obispo, Valence) et par la possible relation avec la divinite zoomorphe vascone VRDE (« porc » / « sanglier »). Cette relation est renforcee par le fait que le final -al est caracteristique de certains des meilleurs candidats a etre des divinites des inscriptions rupestres de la Cerdagne, telles que tikanal (tikan + al), ce qui permet de considerer l’existence en ibere de la forme *urde. De plus, cette nouvelle inscription rend plus probable la relation entre urdal et la divinite vascone VRDE, en raison de la proximite geographique de la Cerdagne et de la zone vasco-aquitaine. Du point de vue morphologique, la documentation du morpheme (i)ke derriere une plausible divinite est significative, car elle renforcerait l’hypothese selon laquelle elle est fonctionnellement equivalente au morpheme (i)ka, deja documente derriere teleuś a Osseja et confirme l’hypothese selon laquelle, dans la langue ibere, elle aurait une fonction similaire a celle du datif, normalement represente par les morphemes e et er, qui sont ceux qui apparaissent accompagnant les meilleurs candidats a divinites.
<title>Four-channel multimode wavelength division multiplexer and demultiplexer based on photopolymer volume holographic gratings and substrate-guided waves</title> (1998)

We report a four channel integrated wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and demultiplexer (WDDM) based on volume holographic gratings and substrate-guided waves at near IR wavelengths. The four operating wavelengths are centered at 750, 780, 810 and 840 nm respectively. The WDM and WDDm are demonstrated using 50/125 multimode fibers. The channel-to- channel crosstalk level is measured to be less than -40 dB. The system insertion losses are -23dB, -21dB, -22dB respectively for 750 nm, 780 nm, 810 nm and 840 nm.
Pyrylium salts in polyene natural product synthesis: organometallic additions to 4-methylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (1995)

The synthetic utility of organometallic additions to pyrylium salts as a procedure for the stereocontrolled preparation of 2Z,4E-dienals, and the use of these compounds in polyene natural product synthesis, is summarised. The extension of this methodology to 4-methylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate to give a new route to 3-methyl-2Z,4E-dienals via a six-carbon organometallic homologation procedure is then described. Finally, the utilisation of this methodology to provide a concise synthetic approach to 13Z-retinal, retinal and a range of retinal analogues is then elaborated.
Sonoluminescence as a probe of conditions during cavitation (2021)

Acoustic cavitation occurs in all liquids irradiated with sufficient intensity of sound or ultrasound. The collapse of such bubbles creates local heating and provides a unique source of energy for driving chemical reactions. In addition to sonochemical bond scission and formation, cavitation also induces light emission in many liquids. This phenomenon of sonoluminescence (SL) and has captured the imagination of many researchers since it was first observed 85 years ago. SL provides a direct probe of cavitation events and has provided most of our understanding of the conditions created inside collapsing bubbles. Spectroscopic analyses of SL from single acoustically levitated bubbles as well as from clouds of bubbles have revealed molecular, atomic, and ionic line and band emission riding atop an underlying continuum arising from radiative plasma processes. These studies permit quantitative measurement of the intracavity conditions: relative peak intensities for temperature measurements, peak shifts and broadening for pressures, and peak asymmetries for plasma electron densities. Extraordinary conditions are generated inside the collapsing bubbles in ordinary room-temperature liquids – observable temperatures exceeding 15 000 K, pressures &amp;gt;1000 bar, and heating and cooling rates in excess of 1012 K/s. For clouds of cavitating bubbles, multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) reveal slightly more moderate local conditions inside bubble clouds of ∼5000 K, ∼300 atm. Biomedical applications of SL will be discussed.
Eight Amino Acids Form the ATP Recognition Site of Na+/K+-ATPase (2003)

Point mutations of a part of the H(4)-H(5) loop (Leu(354)-Ile(604)) of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase have been used to study the ATP and TNP-ATP binding affinities. Besides the previously reported amino acid residues Lys(480), Lys(501), Gly(502), and Cys(549), we have found four more amino acid residues, viz., Glu(446), Phe(475), Gln(482), and Phe(548), completing the ATP-binding pocket of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Moreover, mutation of Arg(423) has also resulted in a large decrease in the extent of ATP binding. This residue, localized outside the binding pocket, seems to play a key role in supporting the proper structure and shape of the binding site, probably due to formation of a hydrogen bond with Glu(472). On the other hand, only some minor effects were caused by mutations of Ile(417), Asn(422), Ser(445), and Glu(505).
Co-clustering of denatured hemoglobin with band 3: its role in binding of autoantibodies against band 3 to abnormal and aged erythrocytes. (1986)

Precipitates of hemoglobin, termed Heinz bodies, occur in a fraction of erythrocytes after removal of the spleen and are also observed in aged erythrocytes. This implies that precipitates of hemoglobin might play a particular role in senescent cell recognition. By using immunofluorescence microscopy, evidence is presented in splenectomized patients and in several patients with unstable (mutant) hemoglobins that membrane-attached Heinz bodies are associated with both clusters of the anion channel, band 3, and clusters of surface-bound immunoglobulins (IgG). In 75% of the cases of unstable hemoglobin, such as sickle cell anemia or hemoglobin Köln disease, the level of cell-bound IgG (measured by 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A) was increased severalfold above the level found in healthy controls. Immunoblot analysis identified the major fraction of cell-bound IgG to be directed to band 3. These observations indicate copolymerization of denatured hemoglobin with the cytoplasmic domain of band 3, which may cause band 3 to form clusters. These clusters probably serve as thermodynamically favored binding sites for autoantibodies in serum, which promote elimination of the erythrocytes by the immune system. Thus, erythrocytes may be removed from circulation when hemoglobin begins to denature and the cells begin to fail in their main function of oxygen transport.
An efficient dynamic neural network for predicting time series data stream (2020)

The prediction of the time-series data stream in AIOps is an important research field of data mining. However, due to the non-stationary and non-linear characteristics of time series data, many existing methods cannot comprehensively solve the accuracy and reduce time consumption. To solve this problem, we propose a new MWNN (Memory Wavelet Neural Network) algorithm. It can effectively overcome the contradiction between accuracy and time consumption. In MWNN, we designed a new hidden layer structure. By adding a new memory storage unit to the hidden layer, it can be ensured that the hidden layer can make the best use of historical data and greatly improve the prediction accuracy. Moreover, the model does not require any prior information or data distribution assumptions. This paper selects real Ops data for verification. The final experimental results show that, compared with the commonly used prediction models, this model has the highest prediction accuracy and lower time consumption. The data set used in the experiment has been uploaded to https://github.com/Yang-Yun726/MWNN/tree/master/DATA.
Turbo-decoding without SNR estimation (2000)

Theoretically, it is necessary to estimate the SNR when using a MAP of the log-MAP constituent decoder. The effect of an SNR mismatch on the bit error rate performance of turbo-codes and the design of good variance estimators have been addressed by several authors. In this letter we study the SNR sensitivity of turbo-decoding with log-MAP and max-log-MAP constituent decoders respectively for AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. Our theoretical and simulation results indicate that an estimation of the SNR is not necessary from a practical point of view. Our setup is aligned with decoder implementation aspects of future mobile communication systems.
[Indications, technique and interpretation of arterial Doppler ultrasound]. (1993)

Doppler sonography is one of the most important diagnostic tools for angiologists and vascular surgeons, and also for general practitioners with an interest in vascular disease. It can be carried out easily and at low cost and at the same time provides reproducible, quantitative data on with further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions can be based. First, systolic arterial pressure in the anterior and posterior tibial and in the peroneal arteries are measured, with the Doppler probe placed at ankle level. A cuff is wrapped around the lower leg and inflated until the Doppler signal disappears and then deflated. The highest value measured in each leg is termed "ankle pressure". Division of the latter by systolic brachial pressure results in the so-called "ankle-brachial-index" or "ABI". Ankle pressure and ABI correlate well with clinical findings. In normal individuals, the ABI is greater than 1. In claudicators, it ranges between 0.3 and 0.9, in patients with resting pain between 0.1 and 0.5 and with ischemic tissue loss between 0.0 and 0.2. After angioplastic or surgical revascularisation procedures, a fall of the ABI by 0.15 or more is an indication of relevant hemodynamic deterioration and therefore calls for further investigation by arteriography or colour duplex sonography.
Applying contingent capital in Canada (2014)

This article discusses a financial instrument – non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) – that could help policymakers manage distress at systemically important banks, and facilitate their resolution with less risk to taxpayers. The article sets out the motivation for, and key features of, NVCC. It also considers mechanisms that could be used to mitigate the risk of death spirals, which could be associated with such a convertible instrument. As well, with reference to the major Canadian banks, the article simulates the effects of converting NVCC into equity for the dilution of common stock at non-viability, and provides rates of recovery for common shareholders and NVCC investors, based on illustrative conversion formulas.
Sustained nontumorigenic phenotype correlates with a largely stable chromosome content during long-term culture of the human keratinocyte line HaCaT (1997)

Altered growth and differentiation and a highly abnormal karyotype are generally believed to be indicators for tumorigenic conversion of human cells. Inactivation of TP53 is supposedly one possible mechanism for accelerated genetic aberrations via reduced control of the genetic integrity. To examine the significance of this functional relationship, we investigated the long-term development of the spontaneously immortalized human skin keratinocyte line HaCaT, carrying UV-specific mutations in both alleles of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. During > 300 passages, proliferation, clonogenicity, and serum-independent growth potential increased. In addition, HaCaT cells gained anchorage independence and at late passages showed reduced differentiation. Karyotypic analysis up to passage 225 revealed a high frequency of translocations and deletions, with a particular increase during passages 30 and 50. Nevertheless, the HaCaT cells remained nontumorigenic when injected subcutaneously, and noninvasive in surface transplants in nude mice. By comparative genomic hybridization, we confirmed the karyotypically identified phase of increased chromosomal aberrations between passages 30 and 50. However, before and thereafter, the CGH profiles of the individual chromosomes were largely unchanged, demonstrating that those translocations-also maintained in later passages-did not cause a gross chromosomal imbalance. Thus, our data suggest that multiple changes often correlated with a "transformed phenotype," including extensive karyotypic alterations and mutational inactivation of TP53, are well compatible with a nontumorigenic phenotype of the HaCaT cells, and that preserved chromosomal balance may be crucial for this stability during long-term propagation.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of N‐Heterocyclic Chlorides and Bromides with Arylmagnesium Reagents. (2013)

Abstract The apolar cosolvent is essential to achieve high yields without formation of homocoupling by‐products.
Cognate and reaction objects as predicative nouns of support verb constructions (2011)

Analyses regarding clauses with a cognate object (CO), e.g. Alice laughed a scornful laugh, have frequently been based on the query: is the CO an adjunct or a complement? This paper aims to contribute to the debate with an alternative suggestion: the CO functions as a noun predicate licensing the subject, to which it assigns a semantic role, whilst the verb functions as a support (a 'light verb'). A number of the well-known properties of COs, e.g. certain constraints on the determiner, appear to corroborate this analysis. Clauses with the so-called reaction object (RO), e.g. Alice coughed a scornful laugh, are analyzed as multi-predicative as well: also the RO is a noun predicate which licenses the subject and assigns it a semantic role. Nevertheless, the verbs behave differently: whereas in the case of COs it is irrelevant whether the verb licenses the subject and assigns it a semantic role, inasmuch as such a role would be identical to that assigned by the CO, in the RO construction the verb does re-license the subject and assigns it an additional semantic role.