gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of self-supported Si nano-structure with STM (1997)

supported Si nano-structure was fabricated on a hragm using STM induced anodization and pic Si etching. The width and the thickness of o-structure were both approximately 200 nm. fabrication of the nano-structure, a very thin ayered diaphragm which consist of a top Si 60 nm) and buried-Si02 layer (100) was This diaphragm was prepared by etching a solution from the back side. layer was protected from the etchant with the r Si nano-structure. Oxide rn was delineated by STM induced of a hydrogen-terminated Si surface. This having anodized-pattern was selectively solution. Anodized oxide ns act as masks to form Si nano-structures during ching process. The buried-SiOz layer was then the nano-structure. A critical drying method was used for drying the structure after etching the buried-Si02 layer in ed HF. The widths of the anodized-oxide were be approximately 30 nm by a TEM tigation. Since the Si (100) layer is wet etched , the width of the structure was enlarged .
Usable security and privacy (2005)

Privacy is a concept which received relatively little attention during the rapid growth and spread of information technology through the 1980's and 1990's. Design to make information easily accessible, without particular attention to issues such as whether an individual had a desire or right to control access to and use of particular information was seen as the more pressing goal. We believe that there will be an increasing awareness of a fundamental need to address privacy concerns in information technology, and that doing so will require an understanding of policies that govern information use as well as the development of technologies that can implement such policies. The research reported here describes our efforts to design a privacy management workbench which facilitates privacy policy authoring, implementation, and compliance monitoring. This case study highlights the work of identifying organizational privacy requirements, analyzing existing technology, on-going research to identify approaches that address these requirements, and iteratively designing and validating a prototype with target users for flexible privacy technologies.
Comparative Evaluation of in Silico Systems for Ames Test Mutagenicity Prediction: Scope and Limitations (2011)

The predictive power of four commonly used in silico tools for mutagenicity prediction (DEREK, Toxtree, MC4PC, and Leadscope MA) was evaluated in a comparative manner using a large, high-quality data set, comprising both public and proprietary data (F. Hoffmann-La Roche) from 9,681 compounds tested in the Ames assay. Satisfactory performance statistics were observed on public data (accuracy, 66.4-75.4%; sensitivity, 65.2-85.2%; specificity, 53.1-82.9%), whereas a significant deterioration of sensitivity was observed in the Roche data (accuracy, 73.1-85.5%; sensitivity, 17.4-43.4%; specificity, 77.5-93.9%). As a general tendency, expert systems showed higher sensitivity and lower specificity when compared to QSAR-based tools, which displayed the opposite behavior. Possible reasons for the performance differences between the public and Roche data, relating to the experimentally inactive to active compound ratio and the different coverage of chemical space, are thoroughly discussed. Examples of peculiar chemical classes enriched in false negative or false positive predictions are given, and the results of the combined use of the prediction systems are described.
Temporal-difference Q-learning in active fault diagnosis (2016)

The paper deals with a novel design of an approximate active fault detector for discrete-time stochastic linear Markovian switching systems on the infinite-time horizon. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the aim to minimize a general discounted detection cost criterion. The proposed solution is inspired by approximate dynamic programming and reinforcement learning. The active fault detector is trained by a temporal-difference Q-learning algorithm with a linear parametric Q-function approximation adjusted to fit the true Q-function. The main advantage is that this approach is computationally less expensive than a temporal-difference learning with a value function.
Inhibition of intramolecular electron transfer in sulfite oxidase by anion binding (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of intramolecular electron transfer in sulfite oxidase by anion bindingEric P. Sullivan Jr., James T. Hazzard, Gordon Tollin, and John H. EnemarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9662–9663Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00050a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of splenectomy on fibrosarcoma “metastases” in lungs of mice (1973)

Abstract Cells of a methylcholanthrene‐induced fibrosarcoma, injected intravenously into syngeneic C57Bl mice, generated tumour nodules (“metastases”) in the lungs. The number of tumour nodules was reduced in recipients whose spleens had been previously removed. This effect of splenectomy was specific (thymectomy did not affect the number of pulmonary metastases), and was greater if fewer tumour cells were injected. It was also observed that active immunization against the fibrosarcoma caused stronger inhibition of pulmonary metastases in splenectomized than in sham‐operated mice.
Assessment of the feed additive consisting of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) DSM 12837 for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Lactosan GmbH & Co KG) (2021)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (formerly <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>) DSM 12837 as a technological additive for all animal species. The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. There was no new evidence that would lead the FEEDAP Panel to reconsider its previous conclusions. Thus, the Panel concluded that the additive remains safe for all animal species, consumer and the environment under the authorised conditions of use. The additive was not irritant to skin and eyes but is considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The present application for renewal of the authorisation did not include a proposal for amending or supplementing the conditions of the original authorisation that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive. Therefore, there was no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.
ZINC PROTEINS: Enzymes, Storage Proteins, Transcription Factors, and Replication Proteins (1992)

In the past five years there has been a great expansion in our knowledge of the role of zinc in the structure and function of proteins. Not only is zinc required for essential catalytic functions in enzymes (more than 300 are known at present), but also it stabilizes and even induces the folding of protein subdomains. The latter functions have been most dramatically illustrated by the discovery of the essential role of zinc in the folding of the DNA-binding domains of eukaryotic transcription factors, including the zinc finger transcription factors, the large family of hormone receptor proteins, and the zinc cluster transcription factors from yeasts. Similar functions are highly probable for the zinc found in the RNA polymerases and the zinc-containing accessory proteins involved in nucleic acid replication. The rapid increase in the number and nature of the proteins in which zinc functions is not unexpected since zinc is the second most abundant trace metal found in eukaryotic organisms, second only to iron. If one subtracts the amount of iron found in hemoglobin, zinc becomes the most abundant trace metal found in the human body.
Sub-Domino logic: ultra-low power dynamic sub-threshold digital logic (2002)

Sub-threshold static and ratioed logic have recently been proposed to satisfy the ultra-low power requirement in applications such as hearing aids, pace-makers, wearable wrist-watch computers etc. These logic circuits, however, can be operated only at lower frequencies due to lower supply voltage. To increase the frequency of operation, we propose sub-threshold dynamic logic: Sub-Domino logic. A standard full-adder circuit is implemented in both Sub-Domino and Sub-CMOS logic operating in the subthreshold region. Simulation results show that Sub-Domino logic has lower power consumption, smaller area (60% of Sub-CMOS logic), and is 3 times faster than Sub-CMOS logic. It is also shown that Sub-Domino logic has excellent noise margin.
Magnetic structures and phase transitions in the system TbGe1-XSiX by neutron diffraction (1988)

Abstract Two kinds of structures occur in the pseudobinary system TbGe1-xSix as a function of composition: the CrB-type ranging from 0≤x≤0.95 and the FeB-type in the remaining narrow region 0.95≤x≤1. All compounds in this system order antiferromagnetically slightly below TN=60 K. A large number of commensurate and incommensurate magnetic phases associated with six different wave vectors k≤O as well as magnetic phase transitions have been found as a function of temperature and composition by neutron diffraction.
Identification of ARTS-1 as a novel TNFR1-binding protein that promotes TNFR1 ectodomain shedding (2002)

death domain association produces a platform for the recruitment of additional signaling molecules (3).TRADD recruitment of Fas-associated death domain mediates caspase activation and apoptosis, while recruitment of receptor-interacting protein and TNFRassociated factor 2 activates NF-B and AP-1 signaling pathways that mediate the transcription of proinflammatory, immunoregulatory, and antiapoptotic genes.TNFR1-mediated events can be modified by proteolytic cleavage and shedding of cell-surface TNF receptors.Soluble TNF receptors function as TNF-binding proteins that compete with cell-surface TNF receptors, thereby decreasing TNF bioactivity (4).TNF receptor shedding may also decrease the number of cell-surface receptors available for ligand binding.Soluble TNF receptors can also reversibly bind to and stabilize soluble trimeric TNF ligand (5).Subsequent dissociation of TNF from soluble TNF receptors may replenish the soluble TNF ligand pool, with the complex serving as a reservoir for release of TNF when levels are low.Therefore, soluble TNF receptors may serve a buffering function, attenuating TNF bioactivity when levels are elevated and reconstituting TNF when levels have declined (5).In this study, we sought to identify proteins regulating TNFR1 ectodomain shedding.We reasoned that such proteins might be identified via a yeast two-hybrid approach using the extracellular domain of human TNFR1 as a bait fusion protein to screen a human lung
Aluminum Chloride Mediated Reactions of N-Alkylated Tosylhydrazones and Terminal Alkynes: A Regioselective Approach to 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles (2016)

Aluminum chloride mediated reactions of N-alkylated tosylhydrazones and terminal alkynes are reported. The protocol is applied to a wide range of substrates, and demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance. A series of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles is prepared in good to high yields with complete regioselectivity.
Processing high-temperature superconductors (1989)

The authors describe the history and theory behind superconductivity. Current and potential commercial applications are discussed. Opportunities for chemical engineers in the development of new materials is discussed and the role of the US in the international competition for applications for superconductors is assessed.
An eHealth System for Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Based on Accelerometer and Pressure Data (2015)

Pressure ulcers are a common skin disease which is associated with pain, reduced autonomy, social isolation, and reduced quality of life. There are several systems for monitoring of pressure ulcer-related risk factors on the market, but up to now no satisfactory solution is available, especially for people with medium pressure ulcer risk. We present a novel pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention system, which combines the advantages of accelerometer and pressure sensors for monitoring pressure ulcer risk factors. Sensors are used for detection of repositionings of the person lying on the mattress. Sensor data are sent to a tablet where they are analysed and presented graphically. The system was evaluated in a long-term test at the homes of people of the target group. Results indicate that the system is able to detect movements of persons while lying in bed. Weak correlation in between mobility and Braden pressure ulcer risk was found (correlation factor = 0.31). From our data, long-term trends could be visualized as well as 24 h mobility profiles. Such graphical illustrations might be helpful for caregivers in order to optimize care of people with medium to high pressure ulcer risk.
Studies on Absorption of Drugs. IV. Effects of Surface Active Agents on Intestinal Absorption of Drugs (1969)

Effects of surface active agents (ionic and nonionic) on intestinal absorption of drugs were studied on three method, i. e., (1) circulation with surfactants, (2) preperfusion with surfactant solutions, followed by circulation of drug solution free from surfactants, and (3) feeding experiments of surfactants solutions, followed by circulation of drug solution. Effects of surfactants were reviewed from two points. One is the effect due to interaction of drugs with surfactants and the other effect due to degeneration of the intestinal mucosa. It is concluded that the absorption of ionized species of drugs were more decreased than that of unionized species in degenerated intestinal mucosa, except for ionic interaction between drugs and surfactants.
1,6-bis(N5-m-Trifluoromethylphenyl-N1-biguanido)hexane and related analogs of chlorhexidine as inhibitors of dental plaque (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,6-bis(N5-m-Trifluoromethylphenyl-N1-biguanido)hexane and related analogs of chlorhexidine as inhibitors of dental plaqueVictor D. Warner, Dale B. Mirth, Samuel S. Turesky, and Irving GlickmanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 6, 732–733Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00264a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00264a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Additional file 4: Table S3. of Transcriptomic responses to prion disease in rats (2015)

Prion disease responsive probe sets conserved between mice and rats. Genes with significant differential expression (pâ
Progress in the design of a radiation-hard plastic scintillator (1991)

The authors present an update on research started three years ago with the goal of developing plastic scintillators able to endure annual doses of 10/sup 4/ to 10/sup 5/ Gy or more. Attention is given to radiation damage to plastic scintillators, techniques to improve radiation resistance (wavelength shifting and radiation-tolerant plastic bases), and other issues. It is concluded that, although the studies of scintillators must continue in order to define the limits of current capabilities, there is a need to move beyond the study of 'naked' scintillators (whether as plates or optical fibres) and to study them 'dressed' within a detector system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A spiral-shaped defected ground structure for coplanar waveguide (2002)

The authors present a spiral-shaped defected ground structure for coplanar waveguides (DGSCPW), which can be used as a kind of periodic structure for a planar transmission line. The proposed spiral-DGSCPW adopts spiral-shaped defects on both ground planes of CPW. Due to the spiral-shaped defects, the equivalent shunt inductance and slow-wave effects increase more rapidly than the standard CPW or CPW lines combined with the conventional PBG. The modeling and analysis to extract the equivalent circuit, increased slow-wave factor, and simulated and measured performances are presented.
On Oniscigaster Wakefieldi, the singular Insect from New Zealand, belonging to the Family Ephemeridae; with Notes on its Aquatic Conditions. (1874)

Journal Article On Oniscigaster Wakefieldi, the singular Insect from New Zealand, belonging to the Family Ephemeridæ; with Notes on its Aquatic Conditions Get access Robert McLachlan, F.L.S. Robert McLachlan, F.L.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 12, Issue 58, November 1874, Pages 139–146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb02577.x Published: 23 December 2008
The HOPE Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) (2000)

The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study was designed to test the hypotheses that two preventive intervention strategies, namely angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition or vitamin E, would improve morbidity and mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events compared with placebo. This review addresses the ACE inhibitor (ACE-I) (ramipril) arm of the study, both on the trial population as a whole, and on the large diabetic subgroup. Patients were included in the study who were considered to be at high risk of future fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events, by virtue of their age (>55 years), existing or previous cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. Diabetics had at least one other risk factor, either known vascular disease or other factors such as cigarette smoking, high cholesterol or hypertension. Ramipril or placebo was added to concomitant medication, which included, in a substantial proportion of patients, antihypertensive drugs (excluding ACE-I), lipid-lowering agents or aspirin. As a result, despite a history of hypertension in nearly 50% of patients, blood pressure (BP) at baseline was normal and the reduction in BP attributable to ramipril modest (a fall of 3-4 mmHg systolic BP and 1-2 mmHg diastolic). The trial was stopped early on the advice of the Data Monitoring Committee because of convincing evidence of the benefit of ramipril treatment on the combined primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarct (MI) and non-fatal stroke (14% vs. 17.8% on ramipril and placebo, respectively; relative risk reduction 22%, p<0.001). This comprised a risk reduction of 32% for stroke, 20% for MI, 26% for cardiovascular death and 16% for all-cause mortality, as well as a reduction in the risk of several other endpoints including heart failure and revascularisation procedures. The results among the 3577 diabetic subjects were even more striking, with a reduction of 25% in the combined primary endpoint. This reduction in the combined endpoint and in particular the reduction in MI far exceeded that which would be expected from the modest fall in BP. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis of the diabetic subgroup showed similar relative risk reductions even after allowing for the effects of the fall in BP. Possible explanations for the non BP-mediated benefits of ramipril include reduction of angiotensin II-induced intimal and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and possible plaque stabilisation. The HOPE study results show that it is both safe and beneficial to lower BP that is already within the 'normal' range, particularly in patients with known vascular risk factors. This should greatly extend the use of ACE-I to a wider group of patients - not only those with left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension or diabetic microalbuminuria, but to the sort of high-risk patients who are currently given prophylactic treatment with aspirin.
Molecular Imaging: Methods and Protocols (2011)

Shah K, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press, 250 pages, $119 Molecular imaging techniques have advanced and become invaluable tools for molecular biology research and, to a more modest extent, clinical medicine. Molecular imaging is not limited to specific imaging methods but includes optical,