gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resource Sharing with Minimum QoS Requirements for D2D Links Underlaying Cellular Networks (2015)

In the discussion of future wireless communication technologies, direct peer-to-peer traffic on spectrum licensed to cellular network services plays an important role. This paper studies device-to-device (D2D) communication as an underlay to cellular LTE networks that operate in the downlink. We address the problem of resource allocation in a scenario where local D2D links compete with each other to access and reuse spectrum resources being scheduled to cellular users. We consider reuse between one D2D connection and one cellular user per resource and include minimum resource requirements of the D2D links in the allocation problem. A novel algorithm enables QoS for the D2D communication while limiting the interference impact on cellular services. Our proposed multicriteria allocation scheme is based on a distributed college admissions game and can be implemented with exchange of coordination messages of small bit size. We provide numerical results for extensive system level simulations in an LTE-like network with a D2D underlay. Our resource sharing scheme is evaluated against a centralized allocation approach based on weighted sum-rate optimization which gives us a rate bound. We achieve both very good interference protection for the cellular services, expressed by high cellular user rates, and sufficient performance for the D2D communication partners.
Remote measurement of uranium hexafluoride via fiber optics (1985)

An extrinsic-type fiber sensor is discussed where a high-peak-power laser beam is conveyed into a gas centrifuge, and a fluorescence signal thus produced is returned by a fiber bundle. This is an example of a fiber sensor application which requires the maximum possible laser peak power to be delivered to the remote location. The purpose of the present application is to measure the pressure and temperature inside an operating gas centrifuge which is used to enrich uranium hexafluoride. A longer-term goal of this work is to measure velocity profiles in this environment by a laser-induced breakdown/ion time-of-flight method.
Peripheral neuropathies and anti-glycolipid antibodies (2002)

This review charts the progress of anti-glycolipid antibodies in neuropathy, from their original discovery 20 years ago in immunoglobulin M paraproteinaemic neuropathy through to current discoveries mapping their relationship to subtypes of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Antibodies to >20 different glycolipids have now been associated with a wide range of clinically identifiable acute and chronic neuropathy syndromes. Particular progress has been achieved in understanding the link between acute motor axonal neuropathy and antibodies to GM1, GD1a, GM1b and GalNAc-GD1a, and between the cranial, bulbar and sensory variants of GBS and antibodies to the disialylated gangliosides GQ1b, GT1a, GD1b and GD3. In addition to clinical and serological studies, the origins and measurement of anti-glycolipid antibodies and their relationships to similar carbohydrate structures on infectious organisms, particularly Campylobacter jejuni, are discussed in the context of a molecular mimicry hypothesis. The structure and nomenclature of relevant glycolipids are outlined, along with information on their localization in nerve, and the influence this has on clinical phenotypes. Major advances have been made in animal modelling of anti-glycolipid antibody-associated diseases, both in vitro and in vivo. This has advanced our understanding of the role of anti-GQ1b antibodies in Miller Fisher syndrome with particular respect to the motor nerve terminal as a potential site of injury, and led to the creation of rabbit models of anti-GD1b and anti-GM1 antibody-mediated sensory and motor neuropathy, respectively. With such information in place, it will now be possible to determine the precise mechanisms by which antibodies injure the different compartments of peripheral nerve and establish how a range of immunomodulating therapies, including current treatments, exert their therapeutic effects. Despite these very significant advances, considerable gaps in our knowledge persist, and it is likely that other pathogenic pathways operate in inflammatory neuropathy that are unrelated to glycolipid antibodies, although these are outside the scope of this review.
High-Throughput Sorting and Placement of One-Bead–One-Compound (OBOC) Libraries from Bulk to Single Wells in Organic Solvent (2015)

One-bead-one-compound (OBOC) solid-phase combinatorial chemistry has been used extensively in drug discovery. However, a major bottleneck has been the sorting of individual beads, while still swollen in organic solvent, into individual wells of a microwell plate. To solve this problem, we have constructed an automated bead sorting system with integrated quality control that is capable of sorting and placing large numbers of beads in bulk to single wells of a 384-well plate, all in an organic solvent. The bead sorter employs a unique, reciprocating fluidic design capable of depositing 1 bead every 1.5 s, with an average accuracy of 97%. We quantified the performance of this instrument by sorting over 8500 beads, followed by cleaving the conjugated compound and confirming the chemical identity of each by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). This instrument should enable more efficient screening of combinatorial small molecule libraries without the need to dry beads or otherwise change the chemical environment.
Effect of initial mixture temperature on flame speeds and blow-off limits of propane - air flames (1950)

Report presenting the effect of initial mixture temperature on flame speeds in the laminar flow region and on blow off limits in both laminar and turbulent-flow regions was investigated for Bunsen type flames of propane and air. Flame speeds were determined at various mixture compositions at a range of temperatures and by measuring the area of the Bunsen cone from shadowgraphs.
Exploitation of resonance Raman spectroscopy as a remote chemical sensor (1995)

We have discussed recent experimental results using a resonance-Raman-based LIDAR system as a remote chemical sensor. This spectroscopy has the fundamental advantage that it is based on optical fingerprints that are insensitive to environmental perturbations. By taking advantage of resonance enhancement, which 6 orders-of-magnitude, can be as large as 4 to an increased sensing range for a given chemical concentration or lower detection limit for a given stand-off distance can be realized. The success discussed above can in part be traced back to the use of new state-of-the-art technologies which, only recently, have allowed the phenomenon of resonance-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to be fully exploited as a remote chemical sensor platform. Since many chemicals have electronic transitions in the UV/IS, it is expected that many will have pronounced resonance enhancements.
Nonradiative relaxation processes in condensed phases: Quantum versus classical baths (1999)

We consider the problem of calculating the nonradiative multiphonon transition rate between two electronic states of an impurity embedded in a condensed-phase environment, where all the nuclear degrees of freedom of the bath are taken in the harmonic approximation, and the two electronic states are coupled to the bath diagonally and off-diagonally. The diagonal coupling term includes displacements of the equilibrium positions of the bath modes, the frequency shifts, and Duschinsky rotations of the bath modes between the two electronic states. We consider two forms of the off-diagonal coupling term—the first assumes that this term is independent of the nuclear degrees of freedom, and thus the coupling between the two diabatic electronic states is taken to be a constant; the second is based on the Born–Oppenheimer method in which the off-diagonal coupling term between the two adiabatic electronic states is taken to be a function of the bath momenta operators. This general model is used to examine the accuracy of several commonly used mixed quantum-classical approximations where the two electronic states are treated quantum mechanically while the bath modes are treated classically. We use the lowest-order perturbation theory to calculate the transition rate between the two electronic states, which is given in terms of the Fourier transform of the off-diagonal coupling-element time correlation function. Following the methodology of Kubo and Toyozawa, we obtain an analytic solution for the fully quantum mechanical time correlation function, and extend our method [S. A. Egorov, E. Rabani and B. J. Berne, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 1407 (1998)] to obtain its mixed quantum–classical counterpart. It is shown that the nonradiative transition rate between the two electronic states calculated using the mixed quantum-classical treatment can deviate by several orders of magnitude from the exact quantum mechanical result. However, the agreement is improved when the classical time propagation of the bath modes is performed with the arithmetic average of the ground- and excited-state nuclear Hamiltonians, and thermal averaging over the initial classical distribution is replaced with the averaging over the corresponding Wigner distribution.
A Simulation Study of Enhanced Recovery of Schrader Bluff Heavy Oil by Immiscible and Miscible Gas Injection (2002)

Abstract The Schrader Bluff Pool is a shallow, heavy oil reservoir in the Alaskan North Slope. Due to the absence of a significant primary drive, enhanced oil recovery methods must be considered for recovering heavy oil from the Schrader Bluff Pool. The objective of this study was to use reservoir simulation to evaluate immiscible and miscible solvent injection processes for improving oil recovery from Schrader Bluff. Typical reservoir heterogeneity encountered in the Schrader Bluff sands was incorporated into the simulation model. Performance of solvents readily available in the area was studied for different modes of injection such as continuous injection, slug and WAG injection. It was concluded that immiscible, lean gas type injectants would be ineffective for oil recovery from the Schrader Bluff Pool. The miscible WAG injection processes appeared to be promising.
Perspective Randomized-controlled clinical trial in patients submitted to self-expanding metal stents for colo-rectal cancer with bowel obstruction. Single center experience. Preliminary data (2019)

Introduction: Since the early 1990s, self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) have been used to treat malignant colonic obstruction. This kind of endoscopic procedure is mostly used for palliative treatment of colo-rectal cancer buti it is also used as "bridge to surgery".
Liquid Detergents: An Overview (2005)

I. INTRODUCTION Liquid detergents provide convenience in our daily life ranging from personal care of hand and body cleansing and hair cleaning and conditioning to home care in dishwashing and cleaning of various household surfaces to fabric care in laundering and fabric softening. Compared with powdered detergents, liquid detergents dissolve more rapidly, particularly in cold water, they generate less dust, and they are easier to dose. It is not surprising, therefore, that liquid forms of cleaning products have been gaining in popularity since their introduction in the late 1940s.
Hypertension and Chronic Exposure to Noise (2000)

The effects of noise on various cardiovascular parameters are conflicting and uncertain. In the current study, the authors studied 52 workers who were employed in a bedframe factory who were chronically exposed to noise and who had poor hearing. An additional group of 65 workers who had jobs in the light-metal sector and another group of 64 office workers served as two control groups; none of the controls were exposed to noise, and none had hearing defects. Blood pressure was measured for each person in the supine and standing positions, and an electrocardiogram was also performed. Sound-level measurements were taken in the workplaces. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and diastolic blood pressure distributions were significantly higher in the noise-exposed group than in both control groups. Among the three groups, there were significantly different frequencies of hypertension, drops in blood pressure, and electrocardiogram anomalies. Within the group of bedframe workers, those exposed to a personal daily level of exposure (i.e., equivalent continuous noise level for exposure to noise for each individual workers in an 8-hr shift) that exceeded 90 dBA had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure and a higher frequency of diastolic hypertension than workers exposed to a personal daily level of exposure of < 90 dBA. The findings suggested that (a) work performed by the bedframe group had some effects on the cardiovascular system, (b) noise is a cardiovascular risk factor, and (c) cardiovascular effects are relative to intensity and type of exposure. Vascular damage often accompanies auditory damage, but--depending on individual susceptibility--the cardiovascular system can respond in various ways.
Meeting the challenges of population, environment and resources : the costs of inaction (1996)

This volume is the summary of the collaboration between the Banks and the Union of Concerned Scientists during the Third Annual World Bank conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development held in Washington DC on October 4 and 9, 1995. The authors review the most important issues facing this and subsequent generations, informally expressing the views of their scientific colleagues. The following areas are discussed: atmosphere, lands and forests, oceans and fisheries, species loss and ecosystem damage, fresh water, agriculture and food production, energy, disease, population, and patterns of economic activity. The papers give possible solutions to these problems as well as examine the various areas.
An Overview of Recent Investigations on Gel Fuels (2006)

Gel fuels are interesting candidates for ramjet propulsion systems due to their performance, safety and handling benefits. The addition of metal particles such as aluminum or boron offers the possibility to increase the flight performances due to their high volumetric energy content. On the other hand, in comparison to typically used Newtonian liquid fuels, significant differences in flow, atomization and combustion behavior exist. The paper presents a survey of various studies on main aspects of gel propulsion, i.e. rheology, sedimentation, flow properties, spray behavior, single droplet combustion and spray combustion and concentrates in investigations conducted by the research groups of the authors.
Nonadaptive Group testing based fiber sensor deployment for multiperson tracking (2006)

We demonstrate a novel use of nonadaptive group testing in the design and implementation of a fiber sensor floor web for the localization and tracking of multiple individuals. We validate our design with a floor web woven with optical fiber threads that form a grid of cells, with a different subset of fibers on each cell. Sensors detect the presence of a person by the change in light transmission due to microbending when a fiber is stepped upon. Nonadaptive group testing permits the determination of a minimum number of sensors and the proper allocation of monitored cells to each sensor. The simultaneous presence of individuals on any combination of up to a small number of cells generates a unique sensor response. Our proof of concept implementation of an 8/spl times/8 grid requires the use of only 16 sensors and off-the-shelf inexpensive components to decipher the position of up to two individuals. This experiment proves the feasibility of our design and its extensibility to higher number of cells and simultaneous targets.
Differential Expression of Prognostic Proteomic Markers in Primary Tumour, Venous Tumour Thrombus and Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Tissue and Correlation with Patient Outcome (2013)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most deadly of urological malignancies. Metastatic disease affects one third of patients at diagnosis with a further third developing metastatic disease after extirpative surgery. Heterogeneity in the clinical course ensures predicting metastasis is notoriously difficult, despite the routine use of prognostic clinico-pathological parameters in risk stratification. With greater understanding of pathways involved in disease pathogenesis, a number of biomarkers have been shown to have prognostic significance, including Ki67, p53, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and ligand D (VEGFD), SNAIL and SLUG. Previous pathway analysis has been from study of the primary tumour, with little attention to the metastatic tumours which are the focus of targeted molecular therapies. As such, in this study a tissue microarray from 177 patients with primary renal tumour, renal vein tumour thrombus and/or RCC metastasis has been created and used with Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) of immunofluorescence to study the prognostic significance of these markers in locally advanced and metastatic disease. Furthermore, this has allowed assessment of differential protein expression between the primary tumours, renal vein tumour thrombi and metastases. The results demonstrate that clinico-pathological parameters remain the most significant predictors of cancer specific survival; however, high VEGFR1 or VEGFD can predict poor cancer specific survival on univariate analysis for locally advanced and metastatic disease. There was significantly greater expression of Ki67, p53, VEGFR1, SLUG and SNAIL in the metastases compared with the primary tumours and renal vein tumour thrombi. With the exception of p53, these differences in protein expression have not been shown previously in RCC. This confirms the importance of proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis and metastasis of RCC. Importantly, this work highlights the need for further pathway analysis of metastatic tumours for overcoming drug resistance and developing new therapies.
SERS-based immunoassay of tumor marker VEGF using DNA aptamers and silica-encapsulated hollow gold nanospheres (2012)

A novel SERS-based sandwich immunoassay using DNA aptamers, silica-encapsulated hollow gold nanospheres (SEHGNs) and a gold-patterned microarray was developed for sensitive detection of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) angiogenesis protein markers. Here, a DNA aptamer conjugated to SEHGN was used as a highly reproducible SERS-encoding nanoprobe, and a hybrid microarray including hydrophilic gold wells and other hydrophobic areas was used as a SERS substrate. Target specific DNA aptamers that fold into a G-quadruplex structure were used as a target recognition unit instead of VEGF antibodies. The detection sensitivity was increased by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude over the conventional ELISA method. In particular, the dynamic concentration range was 3 or 4 orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional ELISA. The results demonstrate that this sensing strategy using DNA aptamers is a powerful platform for the design of novel immune-sensors with high performance. In particular, SERS-based detection using SEHGNs provides great promise for highly sensitive biomarker sensing with unprecedented advantages.
Complex Avrami kinetics of TiB2 transformation into TiB whiskers during sintering of Ti-TiB2 nanocomposites (2021)

The kinetics of transformation of 5 w% TiB2 nano-particles (50 nm diameter) dispersed and pressed (1.5 GPa) in the of Ti matrix (150 µm diameter) into TiB nano-whiskers was studied as a function of temperature (800–900–1000 °C) and time (5–720 min) in 25 experiments in total, by vacuum sintering. The classical one-step Avrami kinetics does not properly describe this transformation due to the formation of oxide inhibitors from contaminants. However, the same results could be perfectly described by a complex Avrami kinetics supposing two parallel steps of transformations: i). fast transformation along the initially metallic Ti/TiB2 interface and ii). delayed transformation along contaminated Ti/TiB2 interface. Data for kinetic calculation was obtained by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement on the sintered samples. Extrapolating the experimental results by the complex Avrami model beyond the measured temperature interval it was found that at and above about 1050 °C, the second step is missing due to the fast dissolution of oxide films in the beta-Ti matrix, leading to very fast kinetics.
Image overlay navigation by markerless surface registration in gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery (2009)

Our non-invasive markerless registration using physiological markers on the body surface reduced logistical efforts. The image overlay technique is a useful tool when highlighting hidden structures, giving more information.
Fecal Calprotectin Levels Predict Histological Healing in Ulcerative Colitis (2016)

Introduction: Mucosal healing as measured by endoscopic activity is the therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis (UC) and associated with improved outcomes. The moderate accuracy of fecal calprotectin (FC) at predicting macroscopic healing renders its utility as adjunctive and not substitutive of a colonoscopy. This discrepancy may be better explained by examining the association between FC and histologic activity. We investigated the clinical utility of FC levels to predict depth of remission including histological healing in patients with UC. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of UC patients who underwent a full colonoscopy and had FC measured within 6 weeks prior to colonoscopy at a tertiary care IBD Center. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity was assessed by Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO2), Mayo Endoscopic Score (0-3), and Nancy score (0-4), respectively. Outcomes of interest included 1) Deep remission (PRO2 remission and Mayo score 0) 2) deeper remission (deep remission plus Nancy score 0 or 1). Montreal classification defined disease extent (E1/E2/E3). FC levels were expressed in μg/g, compared using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. AUCROC curve analysis was used to evaluate accuracy of the predictive values. Results: In 68 patients (median age 24 years), 35% had proctitis (E1), 19% left-sided (E2), and 46% pancolitis (E3). Increasing FC levels significantly correlated with disease extent (p=.006), Mayo score (p=.001) and Nancy scores (p<.001). FC levels were lower in Mayo 0 compared to Mayo 1, 2, and 3 (40 vs. 267, 429, and, 857; p<.001). FC levels were similar in Nancy 0 and 1 (10 vs. 21, p >.05) and significantly lower in Nancy 0/1 compared to Nancy 2, 3, and 4 (359, 259 and 695, respectively, p <.001). Patients with Mayo 0/1 and Nancy score ≤ 1 (n=20) had significantly lower FC levels compared to those with Mayo 0/1 and Nancy ≥ 2 (31 vs. 231 p <.001). FC level of 60 predicted deep remission (AUC = 0.92, sensitivity 86%, specificity 87% PPV 86%, NPV 87%), and deeper remission (AUC: 0.91, sensitivity 83% and specificity 90 % PPV 83%, NPV 98%). Conclusion: FC levels significantly correlated with endoscopic extent, mucosal and histologic activity, and reflect microscopic disease activity even in the face of macroscopic healing. An FC level of ≤ 60 μg/g robustly predicted depth of remission suggesting that FC can be used instead of colonoscopy in a treat to target paradigm in patients with UC.