gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring <em>In Vivo</em> Changes in Extracellular Neurotransmitters During Naturally Rewarding Behaviors in Female Syrian Hamsters (2017)

The ability to measure neurotransmitter release on a rapid time scale allows patterns of neurotransmission to be linked to specific behaviors or manipulations; a powerful tool in elucidating underlying mechanisms and circuitry. While the technique of microdialysis has been used for decades to measure nearly any analyte of interest in the brain, this technique is limited in temporal resolution. Alternatively, fast scan cyclic voltammetry is both temporally precise and extremely sensitive; however, because this technically difficult method relies on the electroactivity of the analyte of interest, the possibility to detect nonelectroactive substances (e.g., the neurotransmitter glutamate) is eliminated. This paper details the use of a turn-key system that combines fixed-potential amperometry and enzymatic biosensing to measure both electroactive and nonelectroactive neurotransmitters with temporal precision. The pairing of these two powerful techniques allows for the measurement of both tonic and phasic neurotransmission with relative ease, and permits recording of multiple neurotransmitters simultaneously. The aim of this manuscript is to demonstrate the process of measuring dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in vivo using a naturally rewarding behavior (i.e., sexual behavior) in female hamsters, with the ultimate goal of displaying the technical feasibility of this assay for examining other behaviors and experimental paradigms.
Stability of dissipative optical solitons in the three-dimensional cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (2007)

We report results of a systematic analysis of the stability of dissipative optical solitons, with intrinsic vorticity $S=0$ and 1, in the three-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity, which is a model of a dispersive optical medium with saturable self-focusing nonlinearity and bandwidth-limited nonlinear gain. The stability is investigated by means of computation of the instability growth rate for eigenmodes of small perturbations, and the results are verified against direct numerical simulations. We conclude that the presence of diffusivity in the transverse plane is necessary for the stability of vortex solitons (with $S=1$) against azimuthal perturbations, while zero-vorticity solitons may be stable in the absence of the diffusivity. On the other hand, the solitons with $S=0$ and $S=1$ have their stability regions at both anomalous and normal group-velocity dispersion, which is important to the experimental implementation. At values of the nonlinear gain above their existence region, the solitons either develop persistent intrinsic pulsations, or start expansion in the longitudinal direction, keeping their structure in the transverse plane.
A Simple Method for Correcting Facet Orientations in Polygon Meshes Based on Ray Casting (2014)

We present a method for fixing incorrect orientations of facets in an input polygon mesh, a problem often seen in popular 3D model repositories, such that the front side of facets is visi-ble from viewpoints outside of a solid shape represented or implied by the mesh. As opposed to previously proposed methods which are rather complex and hard to reproduce, our method is very simple, only requiring sampling visibilities by shooting many rays. We also propose a simple heuristic to handle interior facets that are invisible from exterior viewpoints. Our method is evaluated extensively with the SHREC’10 Generic 3D Warehouse dataset contain-ing 3168 manually designed meshes, and is demonstrated to be very effective. 1.
Molecular pathways of early CD105-positive erythroid cells as compared with CD34-positive common precursor cells by flow cytometric cell-sorting and gene expression profiling (2013)

Special attention has recently been drawn to the molecular network of different genes that are responsible for the development of erythroid cells. The aim of the present study was to establish in detail the immunophenotype of early erythroid cells and to compare the gene expression profile of freshly isolated early erythroid precursors with that of the CD34-positive (CD34(+)) compartment. Multiparameter flow cytometric analyses of human bone marrow mononuclear cell fractions (n=20) defined three distinct early erythroid stages. The gene expression profile of sorted early erythroid cells was analyzed by Affymetrix array technology. For 4524 genes, a differential regulation was found in CD105-positive erythroid cells as compared with the CD34(+) progenitor compartment (2362 upregulated genes). A highly significant difference was observed in the expression level of genes involved in transcription, heme synthesis, iron and mitochondrial metabolism and transforming growth factor-β signaling. A comparison with recently published data showed over 1000 genes that as yet have not been reported to be upregulated in the early erythroid lineage. The gene expression level within distinct pathways could be illustrated directly by applying the Ingenuity software program. The results of gene expression analyses can be seen at the Gene Expression Omnibus repository.
P12.01: Latrogenic monoamnionicity after laser treatment for Twin–twin transfusion syndrome: risk factors, prognosis and outcome (2019)

Fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic (MC) pregnancy is associated with a 20% risk of chorioamniotic detachment, a higher risk of preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROM) and iatrogenic monoamnionicity (iMA). Our study evaluated the incidence and outcome of cases with iMA in a consecutive series of MC pregnancies with TTTS that underwent FLS. A retrospective analysis of TTTS treated in our Unit from 2004 to 2018 by selective or Solomon technique. Complicated surgery were defined by bleeding or incomplete visualisation. An iMA was defined by rupture of the intertwin membrane within 48 hours of FLS, with both fetuses alive and cord entanglement. Outcome of cases with and without iMA were compared. Table 1 shows characteristics of FLS with and without iMA. Solomon technique for FLS is associated with a higher risk of chorioamniotic detachment and subsequent iMA, which leads to a higher rate of fetal loss within 1 week of procedure. P12.01: Table 1. Total n FLS 457 Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Controlling the advancement of the liquid front of the nitrocellulose membrane assay under the influence of the centrifugal force on the Lab-on-a-Disc platform (2023)

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) are ubiquitous point-of-care platforms for chemical and biological tests. They are widely used due to their portability, low cost, fast time of outcome, and absence of the need for presence of highly trained personnel to conduct these tests. One of the ways to enhance the sensitivity of LFIs is by slowing down the flow rate of the analyte through the active sensing area of the test strips (e.g., test line). Some recent developments towards the goal of the improvement of sensitivity of LFIs include placement of the lateral flow assays on the centrifugal microfluidic platforms (so-called Lab-on-discs) where the flow of the analyte through the lateral flow test strip could be sped up or impeded by the centrifugal force applied to the fluid passing through the lateral flow membrane. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulation is performed using ANSYS Fluent software platform and validated by the lateral flow membranes of several pore sizes, from 7 µm to 15 µm, were incorporated onto micromachined discs with integrated microfluidic networks with an accuracy of simulation to be within 15% of experimental values. The present work reports the dependence of the speed of advancement of the liquid meniscus of LFI placed on the Lab-on-a-Disc as a function of the porosity (volumetric fraction of the pores in nitrocellulose or NC membrane), pore sizes, and angular velocity of the spinning disc.
Alkylaminoquinolines inhibit the bacterial antibiotic efflux pump in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates (2003)

Over the last decade, MDR (multidrug resistance) has increased worldwide in microbial pathogens by efflux mechanisms, leading to treatment failures in human infections. Several Gram-negative bacteria efflux pumps have been described. These proteinaceous channels are capable of expelling structurally different drugs across the envelope and conferring antibiotic resistance in various bacterial pathogens. Combating antibiotic resistance is an urgency and the blocking of efflux pumps is an attractive response to the emergence of MDR phenotypes in infectious bacteria. In the present study, various alkylaminoquinolines were tested as potential inhibitors of drug transporters. We showed that alkylaminoquinolines are capable of restoring susceptibilities to structurally unrelated antibiotics in clinical isolates of MDR Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic efflux studies indicated that 7-nitro-8-methyl-4-[2'-(piperidino)ethyl]aminoquinoline acts as an inhibitor of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and restores a high level of intracellular drug concentration. Inhibitory activity of this alkylaminoquinoline is observed on clinical isolates showing different resistance phenotypes.
MATRIX ELEMENTS IN THE Sp(6) = U(3) BRANCH OF THE S, D (1990)

General expressions are given for the matrix elements of single-nucleon creation and annihila- tion operators for one-body and pair operators coupled to arbitrary/-space spin, in the Sp(6) ~ U(3) basis of the S, D pair algebra. These should facilitate calculations for rotational nuclei in the fermion dynamic symmetry model.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Adoptive Transfer of MART-1 T-Cell Receptor Transgenic Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 127KB, Number and function of TCR transgenic cells infused.&lt;/p&gt;
Multiple wavelength all-fibre DFB lasers (2000)

All-fibre DFB lasers operating CW at 1.55 µm on simultaneous multiple wavelength channels at room temperature have been realised. The demonstrated lasers have channel separations of 25, 50 and 100 GHz with identical output powers of 1 mW.
Experimental apparatus and sample preparation techniques for directional solidification (2004)

We describe a directional solidification stage which allows the controlled solidification of transparent organic alloys. We present two variations of the experiment. In one, large aspect ratio sample cells can be rotated with respect to the temperature gradient between runs, allowing full 360° control over in-plane sample orientation. In the other, thin-walled capillaries are pulled through an oil-filled channel which is optimized for high speed solidification studies (V≈5mm∕s). The use of large aspect ratio cells (≈11cm diameter rotatable) and long capillary cells (≈38cm) allows solidification for significant times even at rapid solidification rates. We describe in detail material purification, cell construction, and vacuum filling procedures which allow high quality sample preparation completely under inert atmosphere. Succinonitrile is purified using a sublimation apparatus and samples are filled directly from the sublimation chamber. Vacuum-filling epoxied cells produces long-lasting degassed samples. The techniques presented are also suitable for similar materials such as liquid crystals, CBr4, and pivalic acid. Additional features of the experiment include a linear stepper motor and linear temperature gradient (3–150K∕cm).
One-Step Grafting of Al2O3onto Acid-Made Mesoporous Silica (2005)

We report a one-step convenient chemical coating method of high alumina content onto mesoporous silicas. Aluminia-coated mesoporous silica with high surface area (˜900 m2/g), tuneable pore size (2.0–3.0 nm) and high hydrothermal stability (> 60 h) is obtained. The method may also be generalized for grafting other metal oxides onto mesoporous silica in future work.
Patient Safety in Surgery (2015)

Mountain Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons Swedish Medical Center Englewood, Colorado *The author declares no conflict of interest.
SWOG S0221: A Phase III Trial Comparing Chemotherapy Schedules in High-Risk Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2014)

Patients achieved a similar DFS with any of these regimens. Subset analysis suggests the hypothesis that once-every-2-weeks dosing may be best for patients with hormone receptor-negative/HER2-negative tumors.
Dispersion Behaviors of Y2O3Particles Into Aisi 316L Stainless Steel by Using Laser Cladding Technology (2013)

The present work investigated the dispersion behavior of <TEX>$Y_2O_3$</TEX> particles into AISI 316L SS manufactured using laser cladding technology. The starting particles were produced by high energy ball milling in 10 min for prealloying, which has a trapping effect and homogeneous dispersion of <TEX>$Y_2O_3$</TEX> particles, followed by laser cladding using <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> laser source. The phase and crystal structures of the cladded alloys were examined by XRD, and the cross section was characterized using SEM. The detailed microstructure was also studied through FE-TEM. The results clearly indicated that as the amount of <TEX>$Y_2O_3$</TEX> increased, micro-sized defects consisted of coarse <TEX>$Y_2O_3$</TEX> were increased. It was also revealed that homogeneously distributed spherical precipitates were amorphous silicon oxides containing yttrium. This study represents much to a new technology for the manufacture and maintenance of ODS alloys.
UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF NATURAL RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS. PART II: COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF IN VITRO NATURAL RUBBER USING HIGH-RESOLUTION SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY (2014)

ABSTRACT The superior properties of natural rubber ( cis -1,4-polyisoprene [NR]) are a function of its structure and composition, properties that still remain a mystery and that are irreplaceable by any synthetic rubber. NR from guayule ( Parthenium argentatum ) has been gaining special interest for its hypoallergenic properties while maintaining superior mechanical properties that are commonly associated with the Brazilian rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ), the most common source of NR. Techniques exist to isolate washed rubber particles (WRPs) that contain enzymatically active rubber transferase, to study NR biosynthesis, and previous work on the in vitro NR growth in Hevea has demonstrated the presence of around 50 wt% of a low molecular weight ([MW], M n &lt;10 000 g/mol) fraction. Structural and compositional analyses of this low MW fraction in Hevea are challenging due to the high protein content. We discuss the analysis and composition of guayule latex and WRPs using high-resolution Size Exclusion Chromatography. We also discuss the composition of the soluble fraction of inactive guayule latex using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry.
A Compiler-Based Approach for Improving Intra-Iteration Data Reuse (2002)

Intra-iteration data reuse occurs when multiple array references exhibit data reuse in a single loop iteration. An optimizing compiler can exploit this reuse by clustering (in the loop body) array references with data reuse as much as possible. This reduces the number of intervening references between references to the same array and improves overall execution time and energy consumption. In this paper, we present a strategy where inter-statement and intra-statement optimizations are used in concert for optimizing intra-iteration data reuse. The objective is to cluster (within the loop body) the array references with spatial or temporal reuse. Using four array-intensive applications from image processing domain, we show that our approach improves the cache behavior of programs by 13.8% on the average.
Late‐Stage Diversification of Chiral N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene Precatalysts for Enantioselective Homoenolate Additions (2010)

A library of chiral triazolium salts has been prepared by late-state diversification of a triazolium amine salt. By utilizing a primary amine as a functional handle, a single triazolium salt can be transformed into a variety of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene precatalysts. This approach makes the preparation of chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes possible by a single-step modification of a triazolium salt, rather than the usual need for multistep organic synthesis and challenging heterocycle formation for each member of a catalyst library. We have screened these catalysts for control of diastereo- and enantioselectivity in a γ-lactam-forming reaction between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and cyclic ketimines.
Advanced design concepts in nuclear electric propulsion (1974)

Conceptual designs of the nuclear propulsion programs are reported. Major areas of investigation were (1) design efforts on spacecraft configuration and heat rejection subsystem, (2) high-voltage thermionic reactor concepts, and (3) dual-mode spacecraft configuration study.
MR Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Insights on Techniques, Analysis, Interpretation, and Findings (2014)

Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction has a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as various other cardiovascular disorders. Invasive coronary angiography remains the standard of reference for diagnosis of CAD. Nevertheless, it has been well acknowledged that the degree of luminal narrowing of epicardial coronary lesions detected at angiography is a poor predictor of the functional severity of the lesion. Recent studies demonstrate that assessment of coronary microcirculatory function by means of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging helps increase diagnostic accuracy and guide medical decision-making. Among available diagnostic modalities, cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging has evolved to become a reliable and robust tool providing accurate quantitative assessment of regional myocardial perfusion. Owing to its high spatial resolution, noninvasive nature, and absence of ionizing radiation, cardiac MR perfusion imaging has improved detection of clinically relevant CAD. It has also offered further insights into the understanding of various cardiovascular disorders resulting from coronary microvascular dysfunction in the absence of proximal flow-limiting CAD. Cardiac MR perfusion imaging is now routinely used in many centers and shows promise in evaluating patients with disorders beyond those of the epicardial coronary circulation. Recent implementation of high-field-strength magnets and rapid acquisition techniques have further contributed to expanding the role of cardiac MR perfusion imaging to include novel promising applications. In this article, we provide an overview of cardiac MR perfusion imaging, including techniques, image analysis, and clinical applications.
Fault Diagnosis of Marine Main Engine Cylinder Cover Based on Vibration Signal (2007)

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to diagnose faults of marine main engine cylinder cover. Considering vibration signal is highly related with various faults of cylinder cover, we propose to diagnose faults of marine main engine cylinder cover based on vibration signal from engine. First, a wavelet analysis method is used to characterize the power spectrum of the vibration signal. Next, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract the most distinctive feature for faults diagnosis. The extracted features are then fed into a set of pre-trained support vector machines (SVM) for fault diagnosis. Importantly, we use a cascade framework to organize a set of SVMs, for classifying different types of faults. Experimental results are presented to show that our proposed method is able to not only detect faults but also classify different types of faults accurately.
Soil series and land use impacts on major soil properties: A quantitative comparison (2012)

Human-induced soil change is attracting increasing attention, yet how to quantitatively measure anthropogenic impact on changes in soil properties remains unclear. Eight selected soil properties—bulk density (BD), sand, silt, and clay content, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN)—at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) were measured across three soil series (Gallion, Latanier and Sharkey) in south-central Louisiana, USA, to quantify changes in soil properties as a function of three contrasting land use types, i.e. forest, cropland, and Wetlands Reserve Program. Partial eta-squared values (?2) derived from two-way analysis of variance were used to quantitatively compare natural factors (soil series) and anthropogenic impact (land use) on these soil properties. Results showed that properties such as BD, pH, SOM, TC, and TN could be easily changed by anthropogenic disturbance, especially at 0–10 cm, while soil texture was mainly a natural factor. The anthropogenic factor accounted for 55.2%, 39.5%, 33.2%, and 36.0% of changes in the soil properties at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm depth, respectively. These findings highlight the anthropogenic impact on selected soil properties.
Waveform inversion of lateral velocity variation from wavefield source location perturbation (2013)

It is challenge in waveform inversion to precisely define the deep part of the velocity model compared to the shallow part. The lateral velocity variation, or what referred to as the derivative of velocity with respect to the horizontal distance, with well log data can be used to update the deep part of the velocity model more precisely. We develop a waveform inversion algorithm to obtain the lateral velocity variation by inverting the wavefield variation associated with the lateral shot location perturbation. The gradient of the new waveform inversion algorithm is obtained by the adjoint-state method. Our inversion algorithm focuses on resolving the lateral changes of the velocity model with respect to a fixed reference vertical velocity profile given by a well log. We apply the method on a simple-dome model to highlight the methods potential.
No effect of growth hormone on bone graft incorporation: Titanium chamber study in the normal rat (1994)

A recent series of publications reported greatly improved mechanical properties and increased callus size during the late stages of fracture healing in normal (not hypophysectomized) rats after twice daily injections of growth hormone (GH). We tested whether GH could enhance the incorporation of bone allografts in a new experimental model where we have demonstrated an increase in bone allograft incorporation by local application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Cylinders of defatted allogeneic cancellous bone were placed as grafts in titanium Bone Conduction Chambers in the tibiae of female rats. Only one end of this chamber is open for tissue ingrowth. This permits us to measure the distance into the graft that new bone penetrates after entering the chamber. We injected 10 rats with 1.5 IU per rat of subcutaneous human recombinant GH twice daily for 6 weeks and another 10 rats with similar doses of sterile normal saline. GH caused a constant increase in the rate of weight gain and in the serum concentration of insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF 1). Tibiae became longer and the ash weight of the second tail vertebra was increased. We also noted an increased joint cartilage thickness. There was no difference in the amount of new bone that had penetrated and replaced parts of the graft in GH-treated or control rats and this was also the case with TcMDP activity of bone samples from both groups. New bone forms in the grafts by membranous (metaplastic) ossification. It appears that the effects of excessive GH stimulation on endochondral and membranous ossification in this model are markedly different.