gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speciation, formation, stability and analytical challenges of human arsenic metabolites (2009)

Human arsenic metabolism produces a number of species with varying toxicities; the presence of some has been identified while the existence of others has been postulated through indirect evidence. Speciation methods for the analysis of arsenite (As<sup>III</sup>), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA<sup>III</sup>), dimethylarsinous acid (DMA<sup>III</sup>), arsenate (As<sup>V</sup>), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA<sup>V</sup>), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA<sup>V</sup>), arsino-glutathione (As(GS)<sub>3</sub>), monomethylarsino-glutathione (MMA(GS)<sub>2</sub>) and dimethylarsino-glutathione (DMA(GS)) were developed in this study through the use of cation exchange and reverse phase chromatography in a complementary manner. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for molecular identification of the arsenicals while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for quantitation purposes. Validation of the developed methods against each other for the quantitation of trivalent and pentavalent arsenicals was performed. The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration on the formation of arsenic-glutathione (As-GSH) complexes was studied. In the presence of glutathione, the occurrence of chromatographic artifacts on the cation exchange column was observed. The stability of trivalent arsenicals and As-GSH complexes was studied at various pH conditions. The results shed light on the importance of sample preparation, storage and proper choice of analytical column for the accurate identification of the As species. Reinvestigation of some of the previously reported As speciation studies of glutathione-rich biological samples needs to be performed for the verification of occurrence of As-GSH complexes and DMA<sup>III</sup>.
The fast Fourier transform for experimentalists. Part II. convolutions (2005)

When undergraduate students first compute a fast Fourief transform (FFT), their initial impression is often a bit misleading. The process all seems so simple and transparent: the software takes care of the computations, and it's easy to create the plots. But once they start probing, students quickly learn that like any rich scientific expression, the implications, the range of applicability, and the associated multilevel understandings needed to fully appreciate the subtleties involved take them far beyond the basics. Even professionals find surprises when performing such computations, becoming aware of details that they might not have fully appreciated until they asked more sophisticated questions. In the first of this five-part series, we discussed several basic properties of the FFT. In addition to some fundamental elements, we treated zero-padding, aliasing, and the relationship to a Fourier series, and ended with an introduction to windowing. In this article, we'll briefly look at the convolution process.
Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Tilting Actuators (2019)

This paper studies the design and the behavior of bistable electromagnetic tilting actuators (ETA). A serial chain of these actuators can be utilized as a medical or industrial endoscope. With the concept presented here, it is possible to unite flexibility and high stiffness in one shaft. An ETA is able to switch between defined positions through a tilting movement. The mechanical movement is driven by an electromagnetic torque, which is powered by a magneto motive force in the coils of the ETA. The tilting torque is mainly influenced by the design of the magnetic path inside the ETA cores. The ETA chain is operated using a “Follow the Leader” control. Therefore, very fast calculation methods are necessary to evaluate power-on-durations and subsequently influence the tilting process itself. In this paper, the physical effects while operating are analyzed and the necessary calculation methods are elaborated. Since very high currents are applied for tilting, the electric network calculation includes a thermal model to consider the thermally driven asymmetric increase of resistivity as well. The analysis of the operational characteristic of the ETA is the basis of the time-efficient combined calculation method. Using this combined calculation, a complete tilting process of one or more ETA can be calculated in advance considering the chain configuration and external forces. Using this method, optimized power-on-durations can be evaluated, for which the tilting process itself is successful and no unintended impulsive forces are applied to the chain. The validation with measurements has proven the accuracy of the initial model (without parameter fitting) to a deviation of 15% at most with a very small calculation time effort within seconds.
Usnic acid suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting PD‐L1 expression and enhancing T‐lymphocyte tumor‐killing activity (2021)

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is abnormally expressed in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade reduces the apoptosis and exhaustion of T cells and inhibits the development of malignant tumors. Usnic acid is a dibenzofuran compound originating from Usnea diffracta Vain and has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and anticancer activities. However, the molecular mechanism of its antitumor effects has not been fully elucidated. In this work, we first observed that usnic acid decreased the expression of PD-L1 in HeLa cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of co-cultured T cells toward tumor cells. Usnic acid inhibited PD-L1 protein synthesis by reducing STAT3 and RAS pathways cooperatively. It was subsequently shown that usnic acid induced MiT/TFE nuclear translocation through the suppression of mTOR signaling pathways, and promoted the biogenesis of lysosomes and the translocation of PD-L1 to the lysosomes for proteolysis. Furthermore, usnic acid inhibited cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, respectively, by downregulating PD-L1, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Taken together, our results show that usnic acid is an effective inhibitor of PD-L1 and our study provide novel insights into the mechanism of its anticancer targeted therapy.
Electrochemical Performance and Chemical Stability of Architecturally Designed La2-XPrxNiO4+δ IT-SOFC Cathodes (2016)

In this work, La 2-x Pr x NiO 4+δ (with x=0.0, 0.5, 1 and 2) films have been prepared and studied with the aim of determining the best compromise between stability and electrochemical properties. Indeed La 2 NiO 4+δ is known to exhibit a higher chemical stability while Pr 2 NiO 4+δ presents better electrochemical properties. The properties of mixed phases were found intermediate between those of Pr 2 NiO 4+δ and La 2 NiO 4+δ . The chemical stability decreases by increasing the Pr content. Furthermore, novel double layer La 2-x Pr x NiO 4+δ cathodes were designed by electrostatic spray deposition followed by screen-printing. The polarization resistance (R pol ) of a double layer LaPrNiO 4+δ cathode was found equal to 0.11 W cm 2 at 600 °C, which is the lowest value available in the literature for this composition.
Effect of over‐ and under‐burden on time‐lapse CSEM monitoring capabilities (2011)

We investigate the impact of over‐ and under‐burden resistivity structure on the time‐lapse monitoring of the subsurface reservoirs with CSEM method. We show that even the introduction of a single, thin, high‐resistivity layer in the over‐burden may effectively remove our monitoring capability. Such a layer even in the under‐burden can affect our monitoring capability significantly. In the over‐burden the impact of the high‐resistivity layer decreases as the high‐resistivity layer gets closer to the reservoir, while the opposite is true when the high‐resistivity layer is in the under‐burden. The effect of the high‐resistivity layer is negligible only if located deeper than two times the reservoir burial depth.
NPRportrait 1.0: A three-level benchmark for non-photorealistic rendering of portraits (2022)

Recently, there has been an upsurge of activity in image-based non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), and in particular portrait image stylisation, due to the advent of neural style transfer (NST). However, the state of performance evaluation in this field is poor, especially compared to the norms in the computer vision and machine learning communities. Unfortunately, the task of evaluating image stylisation is thus far not well defined, since it involves subjective, perceptual, and aesthetic aspects. To make progress towards a solution, this paper proposes a new structured, three-level, benchmark dataset for the evaluation of stylised portrait images. Rigorous criteria were used for its construction, and its consistency was validated by user studies. Moreover, a new methodology has been developed for evaluating portrait stylisation algorithms, which makes use of the different benchmark levels as well as annotations provided by user studies regarding the characteristics of the faces. We perform evaluation for a wide variety of image stylisation methods (both portrait-specific and general purpose, and also both traditional NPR approaches and NST) using the new benchmark dataset.
Layer-Controlled, Wafer-Scale, and Conformal Synthesis of Tungsten Disulfide Nanosheets Using Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

The synthesis of atomically thin transition-metal disulfides (MS2) with layer controllability and large-area uniformity is an essential requirement for their application in electronic and optical devices. In this work, we describe a process for the synthesis of WS2 nanosheets through the sulfurization of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) WO3 film with systematic layer controllability and wafer-level uniformity. The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence measurements exhibit that the ALD-based WS2 nanosheets have good stoichiometry, clear Raman shift, and bandgap dependence as a function of the number of layers. The electron mobility of the monolayer WS2 measured using a field-effect transistor (FET) with a high-k dielectric gate insulator is shown to be better than that of CVD-grown WS2, and the subthreshold swing is comparable to that of an exfoliated MoS2 FET device. Moreover, by utilizing the high conformality of the ALD process, we have developed a process for the fabrication of WS2 nanotubes.
On evaluating request-distribution schemes for saving energy in server clusters (2003)

Power-performance optimization is a relatively new problem area particularly in the context of server clusters. Power-aware request distribution is a method of scheduling service requests among servers in a cluster so that energy consumption is minimized, while maintaining a particular level of performance. Energy efficiency is obtained by powering-down some servers when the desired quality of service can be met with fewer servers. We have found that it is critical to take into account the system and workload factors during both the design and the evaluation of such request distribution schemes. We identify the key system and workload factors that impact such policies and their effectiveness in saving energy. We measure a web cluster running an industry-standard commercial web workload to demonstrate that understanding this system-workload context is critical to performing valid evaluations and even for improving the energy-saving schemes.
Oxathiin Carboxanilide Derivatives: A Class of Non-Nucleoside HIV-1-Specific Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) that are Active against Mutant HIV-1 Strains Resistant to other NNRTIs (1995)

The HIV-1-specific oxathiin carboxanilide derivative 1-methylethyl 2-chloro-5-[[(5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]benzoate (NSC 615985) (designated UC84) has potent activity against HIV-1(III B ) (50% effective concentration: 0.015 μg ml −1 ). UC84 was found to select for a 138-Lys mutant virus strain in HIV-1-infected CEM cell cultures. When the 138-Lys mutation was introduced solely in the p51 subunit of the p51/p66 reverse transcriptase (RT) heterodimer by site-directed mutagenesis, the enzyme proved 10-fold more resistant to UC84 than when the amino acid mutation was introduced solely in the p66 subunit of the p51/p66 RT heterodimer. These data provided clear evidence for a structural and functional role of the p51 subunit in the sensitivity/resistance of the enzyme to UC84. UC84 also proved to be virtually inactive against mutant HIV-1 strains containing the 100-lle, 106-Ala, 138-Lys or 181-Cys mutation in their RT. However, minor structural changes in the molecule, such as replacement of the oxygen of the amide moiety by sulfur, or the isopropyl ester moiety by cyclopentyl or a secondary butyl, or the methyl group of the oxathiin part by ethyl, made the compound markedly more inhibitory to one or several HIV-1 mutant strains. For example, compound 131 (1-methylethyl 2-chloro-5-[[(5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-yl)thioxomethyl]amino]benzoate was only 2-fold more active than the parent compound UC84 against wild-type HIV-1, but 30- to 100-fold more inhibitory to HIV-1 mutant strains that contained the 100-11e, 106-A1a, 138-Lys or 181-Cys in their RT. These findings should be taken into account when selecting suitable drug candidates for the treatment of HIV-1 infections, particularly those that have developed resistance to other non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs).
Gene expression profiles do not consistently predict the clinical treatment response in locally advanced breast cancer (2006)

Neoadjuvant treatment offers an opportunity to correlate molecular variables to treatment response and to explore mechanisms of drug resistance in vivo. Here, we present a statistical analysis of large-scale gene expression patterns and their relationship to response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancers. We analyzed cDNA expression data from 81 tumors from two patient series, one treated with doxorubicin alone (51) and the other treated with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin (30), and both were previously studied for correlations between TP53 status and response to therapy. We observed a low frequency of progressive disease within the luminal A subtype from both series (2 of 36 versus 13 of 45 patients; P = 0.0089) and a high frequency of progressive disease among patients with luminal B type tumors treated with doxorubicin (5 of 8 patients; P = 0.0078); however, aside from these two observations, no other consistent associations between response to chemotherapy and tumor subtype were observed. These specific associations could possibly be explained by covariance with TP53 mutation status, which also correlated with tumor subtype. Using supervised analysis, we could not uncover a gene profile that could reliably (>70% accuracy and specificity) predict response to either treatment regimen.
Nalmefene in alcohol‐dependent patients with a high drinking risk: Randomized controlled trial (2019)

Nalmefene 20 mg or 10 mg effectively reduced alcohol consumption and was well tolerated in alcohol-dependent patients with a high or very high DRL.
Soft QoS control in the WATMnet broadband wireless system (1999)

A framework for QoS control in broadband wireless networks is presented. The framework allows terminal and network-initiated bandwidth renegotiation to handle wide spatiotemporal traffic dynamics characteristic of mobile multimedia applications. The concept of "softness profiles" is used to realize soft QoS control at radio access points. An implementation perspective of the framework's protocol and software components within NEC WATMnet/sup TM/ mobile wireless ATM system is given. The principles of traffic management and signaling extensions required for soft QoS control are outlined. The terminal software architecture is described with a focus on APIs and their use within Winsock's generic QoS architecture. The importance of soft QoS control for future broadband mobile network architectures with integrated IP and ATM transport is discussed.
Childhood Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Taiwan and How to Differentiate It From Childhood Influenza Infection (2004)

Childhood SARS is usually not fatal. The absence of rhinorrhea and presence of monocytopenia in SARS may distinguish it from influenza.
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes: Building Blocks for Silsesquioxane-Based Polymers and Hybrid Materials (1995)

Abstract General methods are described for the preparation of discrete polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) macromers and for their incorporation into linear polymeric systems. Depending on the type of functionality contained on the POSS macromer, macromolecular systems can be constructed with POSS units as either main chain (bead), side chain (pendant), or chain terminus groups. The preparation and polymerization chemistry for bead and pendant POSS macromers are described. The properties of the resulting polymers are discussed with respect to the overall polymer composition and architecture. Implications of the macromers as novel polymer hard blocks, polymer additives, and as non-network hybrid materials are discussed.
Two-Pass Bi-Directional Optical Flow Via Motion Vector Refinement (2019)

Bi-directional optical flow (BDOF) is an efficient coding tool that has been recently adopted into Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. With BDOF, bi-predictive prediction samples of one coding block are enhanced via higher-precision motion vectors (MVs) derived from its two reference blocks. In this way, the energy of prediction error could be reduced, resulting in better coding performance. In VVC, the derived motion information is only used to enhance prediction samples. In this paper, it is proposed to use the derived motion information to also refine decoded MVs. The refined MVs may be used as spatial motion vector prediction (MVP) for the following coding units (CUs), as the temporal MVP for the subsequent pictures, and in the deblocking filtering process. Furthermore, the refined MVs can be used to perform motion compensation (MC) again to further improve the quality of the prediction samples. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can achieve -1.18% BD-rate saving in average under the random access configuration on top of the existing BDOF design in VVC.
Therapy of Legionellosis (2018)

This chapter reviews the available data on the efficacy of erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampin, and other antimicrobials. It is clear that the prognosis is correlated closely with early therapy with an effective agent. Therapy must usually be intensive and prolonged. Tetracyclines are the preferred alternative agents in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease on the basis of experience to date. In the Philadelphia epidemic, 90% of patients receiving tetracycline survived — a case/fatality ratio comparable to that seen with erythromycin. A renal transplant patient with cavitary pneumonia due to L. micdadei had persistent symptoms and radiographic abnormalities on erythromycin plus rifampin. No clinical response was documented with penicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, or aminoglycoside therapy for up to several weeks in most reports of infections caused by L. micdadei, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, or L. longbeachae. The concerted involvement of clinicians, nursing staffs, laboratory personnel, and often the respiratory therapy and dialysis teams, is required for a successful outcome.
Rhizosphere microbial communities reflect genotypic and trait variation in a salt marsh ecosystem engineer (2020)

Premise There is growing recognition that intraspecific genetic variation in plants can influence associated soil microbial communities, but the functional bridges linking plant genotype with microbial community structure are not well understood. This deficit is due in part to a prevailing focus on characterizing relationships between microbial communities and functional trait variation among plant species or across plant communities, rather than within a single species. Methods We examined whether and how spatiotemporal variation in salt marsh rhizosphere microbial communities reflect plant provenance (genotypic variation) and associated trait variation within an ecosystem engineer, Spartina alterniflora . We planted S. alterniflora from four genetically distinct source populations in replicate sets of experimental plots across a shoreline in southeastern Louisiana, USA. After 2 years, we measured functional plant traits and profiled microbial communities. Results Bacterial and fungal α‐diversity and richness were significantly higher in winter than in summer and corresponded to plant trait variation associated with provenance. Notably, 20% of the variation in fungal community composition was explained by trait differences while bacterial community structure did not reflect plant provenance or trait variation. However, evidence was found suggesting that bacterial communities are indirectly shaped by the influence of plant provenance on soil physicochemical properties. Conclusions This study illustrates that intraspecific genetic and corresponding trait variation in an ecosystem engineer can shape rhizosphere microbial communities, with fungal communities being more responsive than bacteria to the influence of plant provenance and associated trait variation. Our results highlight the potential relevance of plant intraspecific variation in plant–microbe–soil feedbacks shaping naturally depauperate ecosystems like salt marshes.
Novel Ligands for Platelet Glycoprotein VI (2018)

Platelet hyperreactivity is a major risk factor for thrombo-ischaemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke.[1] Antiplatelet therapy has substantially improved morbidity and mortality in patients with acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. In patients with high risk for thrombo-ischaemic events, dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of acetyl salicylic acid and P2Y12 inhibitors has become the standard antithrombotic therapy for secondary prevention.[2] However, current antiplatelet therapy (especially with DAPT) is associated with increased bleeding complications, which is associated with various clinical risk factors[3] [4] but also with enhanced mortality.[5]
Supplementary Figures 1 - 4 from Cancer-Associated CD43 Glycoforms as Target of Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 470K, Figure S1. UN1 mAb did not affect the proliferation rate, cell cycle, viability and apoptosis of HPB-ALL cells. Figure S2. The 2/165 phage clone and synthetic peptides do not inhibit the binding of mAb W6/32 to HPB-ALL cells. Supplementary Figure S3. Competition of the UN1 mAb-binding to UN1-positive breast and gastric cancer tissues by the 2/165 phage and G23 peptide. Figure S4. Characterization of affinity-purified antibodies from sera of 2/165 phagotopeimmunized mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Photonic crystal fiber interferometer for chemical vapor detection with high sensitivity (2009)

We report an in-reflection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer which exhibits high sensitivity to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), without the need of any permeable material. The interferometer is compact, robust, and consists of a stub of PCF spliced to standard optical fiber. In the splice the voids of the PCF are fully collapsed, thus allowing the excitation and recombination of two core modes. The device reflection spectrum exhibits sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts differently when the voids of the PCF are infiltrated with VOC molecules. The volume of voids responsible for the shift is less than 600 picoliters whereas the detectable levels are in the nanomole range.