gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Species‐Specific Activity of Glycolipid Ligands for Invariant NKT Cells (2012)

The immunomodulatory glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) binds to CD1d and exhibits potent activity as a ligand for invariant CD1d-restricted natural killer-like T cells (iNKT cells). Structural analogues of α-GalCer have been synthesised to determine which components are required for CD1d presentation and iNKT cell activation, however, to date the importance of the phytosphingosine 4-hydroxyl for iNKT cell activation has been disputed. To clarify this, we synthesised two 4-deoxy α-GalCer analogues (sphinganine and sphingosine) and investigated their ability to activate murine and human iNKT cells. Analysis revealed that the analogues possessed comparable activity to α-GalCer in stimulating murine iNKT cells, but were severely compromised in their ability to stimulate human iNKT cells. Here we determined that species-specific glycolipid activity was due to a lack of recognition of the analogues by the T-cell receptors on human iNKT cells rather than insufficient presentation of the analogues on human CD1d molecules. From these results we suggest that glycolipids developed for potent iNKT cell activity in humans should contain a phytosphingosine base.
miRNA-mediated deregulation in leukemia (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs 18-25 nucleotides (nt) long able to fine-tune post-transcriptional gene expression. Extensive investigation into biogenesis, mechanism of action and functions of miRNAs has clearly revealed their prompt control in developmental timing, differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and metabolism. Deregulation of miRNA-mediated pathways may contribute to pathological conditions such as tumors, including hematological cancers, thus suggesting that miRNAs act both as tumor-suppressor genes (TSG) and oncogenes (OG). Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the aberration of miRNA biogenesis, activity, and post-transcriptional control in leukemogenesis.
Analytical Aspects of Metal Phenolates (2014)

The analytical methods are approached in three ways: (i) detection and quantitation of specific metal phenolates, especially the simpler ones used in industry; (ii) methods of detection and quantitation involving selective formation of a complex of the analyte with a phenolic ligand, taking advantage of special properties of the complex (optical, luminescent, electrochemical, phase transfer, etc.); (iii) certain metal–phenolate complexes act as analytical tools, specifically interacting as hosts with the analyte or by interchanging the metal ions and undergoing changes of properties (optical, luminescent, electrochemical, etc.) that can be applied to detection or quantitation. Although in approaches (ii) and (iii) the main subject is selective metal cation recognition, some attention is also paid to selective recognition of anions and molecules. For completeness of the analytical methods covered by phenolic reagents or complexes, specific recognition of ammonium ions, and especially quaternary ammonium ones, is discussed in a special section.
Preliminary analysis of meteorological and seasonal influences on crustal gas emission relevant to earthquake prediction (1981)

abstract The emission of gas from the Earth's crust is a complex process influenced by meteorological and seasonal parameters. The use of gas emission as a tool in earthquake prediction will require an understanding of these influences. Radon emanation has been integrated over weekly intervals and free mercury vapor emission over 212 hour intervals at a low seismic risk site in Colorado. Radon measured by the Track Etch® technique ranged from 136 to 1750 tracks/mm2 (81 to 1040 pC/liter) over the 1-yr period of the experiment. There was a strong correlation of radon emanation with: instrument vault temperature, barometric pressure, outside temperature, soil temperature, and whether or not the surface soil was frozen. Seasonal influences on radon emanation are important with 94 per cent of the variance being accounted for by the measured meteorological and seasonal parameters. Mercury concentrations in the instrument vault ranged from &amp;lt;1 to 53 ng/m3 over the 1 yr. Mercury emission correlates with vault temperature, vault relative humidity, outside temperature, barometric pressure, soil temperature and moisture, and the soil freeze-thaw cycle. Diurnal cycles are common but do not occur on all days. Other short-term noise in mercury emission is also important and phase shift or phase lag effects are important. Only 32 per cent of the variance in mercury emission can be accounted for by the measured meteorological and seasonal parameters. The short-term noise coupled with phase lags are important factors in mercury emission rates.
Recovery of Data Dependencies (2011)

Today, many companies have to deal with problems in maintaining legacy database applications, which were developed on old database technology. These applications are getting harder and harder to maintain. Reengineering is an important means to address the problems and to upgrade the applications to newer technology (Hainaut, Englebert, Henrard, Hick, J.-M., & Roland, 1995). However, much of the design of legacy databases including data dependencies is buried in the transactions, which update the databases. They are not explicitly stated anywhere else. The recovery of data dependencies designed from transactions is essential to both the reengineering of database applications and frequently encountered maintenance tasks. Without an automated approach, the recovery is difficult and time-consuming. This issue is important in data mining, which entails mining the relationships between data from program source codes. However, until recently, no such approach was proposed in the literature. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Measurement of Deterioration of Frying Oil Using Electrical Properties (2006)

本研究では，電気的物性（比誘電率，コンダクタンス）と複数の劣化指標（酸価，重合物量，色度）との関係について検討を行った．実験試料には，フライ食品の製造現場において採取したフライ油を使用し，フライ油の電気的物性および劣化指標を測定した．実験の結果，以下のことが明らかとなった．（1）フライ油の劣化度が増加するに従い比誘電率およびコンダクタンスは増加する傾向を示した．特に，フライ油の劣化度とコンダクタンスとの間には明瞭な相関関係が認められた．（2）フライ油のコンダクタンスの温度依存性の傾き（dG/dT）と劣化度との関係を検討したところ，酸価，重合物量，色度ともdG/dTとの間に極めて良好な相関関係が認められた．（3）以上の結果より，コンダクタンスの温度依存性を利用することにより，フライ油の劣化度を容易に把握できる可能性が示唆された．
On systolic arrays for recursive complex Householder transformations with applications to array processing (1991)

The Householder transformation outperforms the Givens rotation in numerical stability under finite-precision implementation, and requires fewer arithmetic operations than the modified Gram-Schmidt. As a result, the QR decomposition using the Householder transformation is promising for VLSI implementation and real-time throughput signal processing. A recursive complex Householder transformation with a fast initializing algorithm is presented, and its associated parallel/pipelined architecture is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How to Prevent Galvanic Corrosion in Seawater Piping Systems (1996)

Abstract Galvanic corrosion on the least nobel material can be a serious problem when two dissimilar materials are coupled together in a seawater piping system. Typical examples of such couples are carbon steel or copper nickel alloys coupled to stainless steel or titanium. Mathematical modeling and field experience show that the use of an insulating spool piece may efficiently reduce the galvanic corrosion when the attack has the character of general corrosion, but less efficiently when the attack is more localized. In the latter case the use of internal cathodic protection is a more effective protection against galvanic corrosion than the spool piece.
Measurement of rapidly available glucose (RAG) in plant foods: a potentialin vitropredictor of the glycaemic response (1996)

The glycaemic index (GI) is an in vivo measurement based on the glycaemic response to carbohydrate-containing foods, and allows foods to be ranked on the basis of the rate of digestion and absorption of the carbohydrates that they contain. GI values are normalized to a reference amount of available carbohydrate and do no reflect the amounts of carbohydrate normally present in foods; for example, a food with a low content of carbohydrates will have a high GI value if that carbohydrate is digested and absorbed rapidly in the human small intestine. This is potentially confusing for a person wishing to control his or her blood glucose levels by the choice of foods. The rate and extent of starch digestion in vitro has been measured using a technique that classifies starch into three major fractions: rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS). In addition, this technique gives a value for rapidly available glucose (RAG), which includes RDS, free glucose and the glucose moiety of sucrose. When the values for thirty-nine foods were expressed on the basis of the available carbohydrate content of these foods, highly significant (P < 0.001) positive correlations were observed between GI and both RDS and RAG. The measurement of RAG in vitro provides values for direct calculation of the amount of glucose likely to be rapidly absorbed in the human small intestine and, thus, to influence blood glucose and insulin levels. These values can be used to compare foods, as eaten, on an equal-weight basis. Food-table RAG values would allow simple calculation of the total amount of RAG provided by single foods, by whole meals and by whole diets. Studies are planned in which RAG and the glycaemic response in man will be measured for identical food products.
A GFP-equipped bidirectional expression module well suited for monitoring tetracycline-regulated gene expression in mouse (2001)

Doxycycline (Dox)-sensitive co-regulation of two transcriptionally coupled transgenes was investigated in the mouse. For this, we generated four independent mouse lines carrying coding regions for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and beta-galactosidase in a bicistronic, bidirectional module. In all four lines the expression module was silent but was activated when transcription factor tTA was provided by the alpha-CaMKII-tTA transgene. In vivo analysis of GFP fluorescence, beta-galactosidase and immunochemical stainings revealed differences in GFP and beta-galactosidase levels between the lines, but comparable patterns of expression. Strong signals were found in neurons of the olfactory system, neocortical, limbic lobe and basal ganglia structures. Weaker expression was limited to thalamic, pontine and medullary structures, the spinal cord, the eye and to some Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Strong GFP signals were always accompanied by intense beta-galactosidase activity, both of which could be co-regulated by Dox. We conclude that the tTA-sensitive bidirectional expression module is well suited to express genes of interest in a regulated manner and that GFP can be used to track transcriptional activity of the module in the living mouse.
Chemical and electrochemical processes in low-temperature superionic hydrogen sulfide sensors (2007)

Effect the morphology of the surface of the working electrode (PbS) exerts on the sensitivity of a low-temperature potentiometric hydrogen sulfide sensor is studied. The sensor, which is based on electrochemical cell Na x WO3/NASICON/PbS, may be used for fast selective detection of hydrogen sulfide in air in natural conditions. It is demonstrated that the sensors with PbS that are deposited out of solution have a faster response than the pressed-to ones. The dependence of EMF on the hydrogen sulfide concentration for the former is linear in semilogarithmic coordinates. Thus difference is explained by the microstructure of the lead sulfide layer. It is shown that the lead sulfide interaction with hydrogen sulfide involves a reversible partial reduction of sulfur and lead at the surface. The species that form in so doing contain sulfur atoms in lower oxidation degrees (poly-and oligo sulfides, sulfite). A mechanism of the sensor operation is proposed on the basis of data yielded by experiment and quantum-chemical simulation. The mechanism includes reversible transport of hydrogen from sulfur atoms to oxygen atoms.
Effects of D-Phenylalanine- Derivative Hypoglycemic Agent A-4166 on Pancreatic &alpha;- and &beta;-Cells: Comparative Study with Glibenclamide (1995)

We have reported that N-[(trans-4-isopropyl-cyclohexyl)-carbonyl]-D-phenylalanine (A-4166) stimulates insulin secretion in animal studies. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the actions of this agent, we investigated the effects of A-4166 on insulin and glucagon secretion with or without diazoxide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, using isolated perfused rat pancreas preparations, and compared the results with those of glibenclamide. Both 30 mumol/l A-4166 and 3 mumol/l glibenclamide significantly stimulated insulin secretion and reduced glucagon secretion to similar levels at a glucose concentration of 5.6 mmol/l (p < 0.01 for both vs. basal levels). After infusion of A-4166 was stopped, insulin levels promptly returned to the basal values, while insulin levels increased further even after discontinuation of glibenclamide. Furthermore, 100 mumol/l diazoxide significantly inhibited the insulin-stimulatory effects of both 30 mumol/l A-4166 and 3 mumol/l glibenclamide (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, the effects of diazoxide on glucagon secretion differed between the two groups; 30 mumol/l A-4166 produced a transient increase in glucagon secretion (p < 0.05 vs. basal levels) but 3 mumol/l glibenclamide suppressed glucagon secretion further (p < 0.01 vs. without diazoxide) with concomitant administration of 100 mumol/l diazoxide. These findings suggest that A-4166 directly stimulates insulin secretion, at least in part, through mechanisms resembling those of sulfonylurea, but exerts different effect on glucagon secretion in isolated perfused rat pancreas.
Preparation of Novel Conjugates Involving Immunomodulating Peptidoglycan Monomer (1999)

Peptidoglycan monomer, the disaccharide pentapeptide beta-D-Glcp-N-Ac-(1-->4)-D-Murp-N-Ac-L-Ala-D-mesoA2pm- (epsilonN H2)-D-Ala-D-Ala (PGM) is an immunomodulator. PGM and/or its derivative N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosyl peptidoglycan monomer (Boc-Tyr-PGM) were coupled to two polysaccharides: the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from Cryptococcus neoformans, type B, solubilized by ultrasonic irradiation (MW 12-400 kDa) and to the dextran FP 70 (MW 70 kDa). Both polysaccharides were activated by CNBr. Initially, unprotected PGM was coupled via its amino group to GXM. The reactions yielded 42%-52% of the conjugate, containing only 0.18%-0.31% of PGM. In another approach Boc-Tyr-PGM (having its amino group blocked) was reacted via its free carboxyl group. Both CNBr-activated polysaccharides were first coupled to adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) and then subsequently coupled to Boc-Tyr-PGM. The dextran conjugate (approximately 80% yield ) contained 6.3% of Boc-Tyr-PGM. The isolation of GXM conjugate required several modifications and it was obtained in lower yield (approximately 30%) but contained 13.7% of Boc-Tyr-PGM. Both conjugates were water soluble and apyrogenic and suitable for further testing of biological activity.
Insulin dependent diabetes and goitre in a case of hypomelanosis of Ito (Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians). (1985)

Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians (IPA) or, more aptly, Hypomelanosis of Ito is now largely accepted as a Neurocutaneous Disorder. Studies, so far, have focussed on the ultrastructural abnormalities and to our knowledge, there have been no attempts to ascertain if there is a particular HLA pattern. We describe an interesting case where IPA occurred in association with Insulin Dependent Diabetes as well as a goitre, suggesting that HLA studies may well be worthwhile. The literature is also reviewed.
Plasma Biochemistry Alterations in Horses during an Endurance Ride (1977)

The effects of prolonged strenous exercise on the plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and asparate amino transferase were studied in a group of 26 horses competing in an endurance ride. There were significant changes in most parameters, when control values were compared with those taken immediately after the ride. There was also a significant correlation between several biochemical parameters and heart rate taken 30 minutes after the ride. When faster and slower horses were compared, significant differences were found only in phosphate and glucose values.
Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning for Indoor Localization Using Crowdsourced Data (2017)

Indoor positioning based on the received signal strength (RSS) of the WiFi signal has become the most popular solution for indoor localization. In order to realize the rapid deployment of indoor localization systems, solutions based on crowdsourcing have been proposed. However, compared to conventional methods, lots of different devices are used in crowdsourcing system and less RSS values are collected by each device. Therefore, the crowdsourced RSS values are more erroneous and can result in significant localization errors. In order to eliminate the signal strength variations across diverse devices, the Linear Regression (LR) algorithm is proposed to solve the device diversity problem in crowdsourcing system. After obtaining the uniform RSS values, a graph-based semi-supervised learning (G-SSL) method is used to exploit the correlation between the RSS values at nearby locations to estimate an optimal RSS value at each location. As a result, the negative effect of the erroneous measurements could be mitigated. Since the AP locations need to be known in G-SSL algorithm, the Compressed Sensing (CS) method is applied to precisely estimate the location of the APs. Based on the location of the APs and a simple signal propagation model, the RSS difference between different locations is calculated and used as an additional constraint to improve the performance of G-SSL. Furthermore, to exploit the sparsity of the weights used in the G-SSL, we use the CS method to reconstruct these weights more accurately and make a further improvement on the performance of the G-SSL. Experimental results show improved results in terms of the smoothness of the radio map and the localization accuracy.
On Analyzing Hashtags in Twitter (2021)

Hashtags, originally introduced in Twitter, are now becoming the most used way to tag short messages in social networks since this facilitates subsequent search, classification and clustering over those messages. However, extracting information from hashtags is difficult because their composition is not constrained by any (linguistic) rule and they usually appear in short and poorly written messages which are difficult to analyze with classic IR techniques. In this paper we address two challenging problems regarding the meaning of hashtags — namely, hashtag relatedness and hashtag classification - and we provide two main contributions. First we build a novel graph upon hashtags and (Wikipedia) entities drawn from the tweets by means of topic annotators (such as TagME); this graph will allow us to model in an efficacious way not only classic co-occurrences but also semantic relatedness among hashtags and entities, or between entities themselves. Based on this graph, we design algorithms that significantly improve state-of-the-art results upon known publicly available datasets. The second contribution is the construction and the public release to the research community of two new datasets: the former is a new dataset for hashtag relatedness, the latter is a dataset for hashtag classification that is up to two orders of magnitude larger than the existing ones. These datasets will be used to show the robustness and efficacy of our approaches, showing improvements in F1 up to two-digits in percentage (absolute).
Public Service Broadcasting and Freedom (1992)

Recent advocacy of competitive broadcasting markets shares important values with the public service ethos to which it has been opposed. However, proponents of public service and of the market, although apparently sharing goals, mean different things by the same terms. The clash between these rival principles is explored in the context of contemporary European broadcasting policy, notably through consideration of the conflict between the Competition Directorate of the Commission of the European Communities and the European Broadcasting Union, and in relation to Habermas' concept of the public sphere. The seemingly irreconcilable conflict between competitive broadcasting markets and public service broadcasting can best be understood as a conflict between two necessary, but insufficient, conceptions identified by Isaiah Berlin: 'positive' and 'negative' freedom. The author proposes that mixed broadcasting systems which combine the principles of negative and positive freedom are most likely to maximise freedom.
A Chemical Approach to Introduce 2,6-Diaminopurine and 2-Aminoadenine Conjugates into Oligonucleotides without Need for Protecting Groups (2022)

We report a simple, postsynthetic strategy for synthesis of oligonucleotides containing 2,6-diaminopurine nucleotides and 2-aminoadenine conjugates using 2-fluoro-6-amino-adenosine. The strategy allows introduction of 2,6-diaminopurine and other 2-amino group-containing ligands. The strongly electronegative 2-fluoro deactivates 6-NH<sub>2</sub> obviating the need for any protecting group on adenine, and simple aromatic nucleophilic substitution of fluorine makes reaction with aqueous NH<sub>3</sub> or R-NH<sub>2</sub> feasible at the 2-position.
Surface micromachined solenoid inductors for high frequency applications (1998)

As operation frequencies and performance requirements of wireless devices increase, the resultant demands on the performance of passive components also increase. Miniaturization of inductive components for high frequency has been a key research area to address this issue; however, in general, miniaturized integrated inductors can suffer from low Q factors and/or self-resonant frequencies when compared to their discrete counterparts. In this research, a modified geometry of a solenoid type inductor using a surface micromachining technique is proposed. This inductor has an air core and an electroplated copper coil to reduce the series resistance, and its low temperature process is suitable for various packaging applications. An important feature of the proposed inductor geometry is the introduction of an air gap between the substrate and the conductor coil in order to reduce the effects of the substrate dielectric constant. This air gap can be realized using a polyimide sacrificial layer and a surface micromachining technique. Therefore, the resulting inductor can have less substrate-dependent magnetic properties, less stray capacitance, and higher Q-factor. The measurement result shows that this inductor has high Q-factor and stable inductance over a wide range of operating frequency. Also, various effects of geometrical factors have been investigated. Various inductors with the inductance varying from 1 to 20 nH and maximum Q-factor from 7 to 60 have been fabricated and measured.