gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proton Donor Characteristics of a Room-Temperature Molten Salt (1994)

Evidence has been obtained that the ring protons of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) can act as proton donors towards electrochemically generated bases in the aluminum chloride : EMIC molten salt. Reduction of benzophenone in the deuterated (2 position of EMIC) basic melt yields benzhydrol deuterated at the carbinol carbon, showing that the intermediate carbanion is basic enough to be protonated by the EMI cation. Anthracene undergoes a two-electron reduction in the basic melt, giving dideuterioanthracene. Considering that both benzophenone and anthracene can be reversibly reduced in one-electron processes in acetonitrile, these results indicate that the AlCl3 : EMIC melt environment is considerably more acidic than are conventional solvents such as acetonitrile.
Ionomer. I. The effect of woven glass mat reinforcement on tensile properties (2001)

Abstract An investigation was conducted on ionomer polymer. The ionomer pellets were molded into a thin sheet before fabrication into composites. The reinforcing agent used was woven glass mat. Before fabrication, the woven glass mat was treated with the following: 1. silane coupling agent for 5 min and dried at room temperature; 2. silane coupling agent for 5 min and dried in the oven at 110°C for 15 min; 3. Ultraviolet radiation for 5 min; and 4. silane (oven dried + ultraviolet). The composites were fabricated at various pressure, time, and temperature. An ideal processing condition was established, i.e., pressure = 5 MPa, temperature = 180°C, and the impregnation time = 30 min. The void contents of the composites were estimated using the ignition method and the tensile properties were measured. The results revealed that good impregnation of the matrix ionomer into the reinforcing agent can be achieved at 180°C. This was confirmed by low void content as compared with other test temperatures. Further clarification was through the tensile properties, which were higher than those at lower temperatures (120 and 150°C). The effect of fiber orientation was checked, and both 0 and 90° had identical strengths and moduli irrespective of the various fiber treatments. Apart from the void contents, the degree of impregnation was also checked based on the tensile strengths in 45, 25, and 60° fiber orientations. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1395–1400, 2001
Uncertainty and Risk Assessment in the Design Process for Wind (2018)

This report summarizes the concepts and opinions that emerged from an initial study on the subject of uncertainty in wind design that included expert elicitation during a workshop held at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory July 12-13, 2016. In this paper, five major categories of uncertainties are identified. The first category is associated with direct impacts on turbine loads, (i.e., the inflow including extreme events, aero-hydro-servo-elastic response, soil-structure inter- action, and load extrapolation). The second category encompasses material behavior and strength. Site suitability and due-diligence aspects pertain to the third category. Calibration of partial safety factors and optimal reliability levels make up the fourth one. And last but not least, is the category associated with uncertainties in computational modeling. The main sections of this paper follow this organization.
Design of new generation femoral prostheses using functionally graded materials: A finite element analysis (2012)

This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of a functionally graded femoral prosthesis. The model consisted of a femoral prosthesis created from functionally graded materials (FGMs), cement, and femur. The hip prosthesis was composed of FGMs made of titanium alloy, chrome-cobalt, and hydroxyapatite at volume fraction gradient exponents of 0, 1, and 5, respectively. The stress was measured on the femoral prosthesis, cement, and femur. Stress on the neck of the femoral prosthesis was not sensitive to the properties of the constituent material. However, stress on the stem and cement decreased proportionally as the volume fraction gradient exponent of the FGM increased. Meanwhile, stress became uniform on the cement mantle layer. In addition, stress on the femur in the proximal part increased and a high surface area of the femoral part was involved in absorbing the stress. As such, the stress-shielding area decreased. The results obtained in this study are significant in the design and longevity of new prosthetic devices because FGMs offer the potential to achieve stress distribution that more closely resembles that of the natural bone in the femur.
Imaging and Hyper-Spectral Behavior of Flip-Chip CMOS-Driven 956 nm Back-Emitting Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Array (1999)

The output mode, polarization, and the corresponding spatial and spectral distribution of a flip-chip bonded CMOS-driven 8×8 VCSEL array were studied using imaging spectroscopy. Red- shifted spectral redistribution was found for VCSELs operated under the collective condition.
Quantitative MR Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design in Abdominal Imaging (2011)

Quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging seeks to quantify fundamental biologic and MR-inducible tissue properties, in contrast to the routine application of MR imaging in the clinic, in which differences in MR parameters are used to generate contrast for subsequent subjective image analysis. Fundamental parameters that are commonly quantified by using MR imaging include proton density, diffusion, T1 relaxation, T2 and T2* relaxation, and magnetization transfer. Applications of these MR imaging-quantifiable parameters to abdominal imaging include oncologic imaging, evaluation of diffuse liver disease, and assessment of splenic, renal, and pancreatic disease. An understanding of the inherent physical principles underlying the basic quantitative parameters as well as the commonly used pulse sequences requisite to their derivation is critical, as this field is rapidly growing and its use will likely continue to expand in the clinic. The full potential of quantitative MR imaging applied to abdominal imaging has yet to be realized, but the myriad applications reported to date will undoubtedly continue to grow.
An Efficient Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme With Policy Update and File Update in Cloud Computing (2019)

Recently, more and more users and enterprises have entrusted data storage and platform construction to proxy cloud service provider (PCSP) through cloud technology. Under this background, the attribute-based encryption (ABE) mechanism is an alternative to fill the drawbacks of the traditional encryption through flexible fine-grained access policy and collusion prevention. However, there exist some security issues when the access policy and file need to be updated in practical applications. And the ABE has the problems of excessive computation and storage costs. In this article, an efficient ciphertext-policy ABE scheme with policy update and file update is proposed in cloud computing. The ciphertext components generated by first encryption can be shared when the policy update and file update happens. It reduces the storage and communication costs of the client, and the computational cost of the PCSP. Moreover, the proposed scheme is proved to be secure under the assumption of decision q-parallel bilinear Diffie–Hellman exponent (BDHE). Finally, experimental simulation shows that the proposed scheme is highly efficient in terms of policy update and file update.
Localization, purification, and biological activity of a new aldosterone-stimulating factor. (1981)

An aldosterone-stimulating factor (ASF) has been isolated from normal human urine and found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 26,000 daltons. ASF stimulated aldosterone production both in vivo and in vitro. ASF was found to be different from other known aldosterone secretogogues by the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retention time of ASF was different (17.0 minutes) from ACTH (retention time, 28.4 minutes), beta-lipotropin (retention time, 20.5 minutes), and angiotensin II. Proteolytic enzyme digestion and purification of ASF by HPLC yielded a smaller molecule (retention time, 22.0 minutes) with a molecular weight of 4000 daltons. This smaller molecule also stimulated aldosterone production in vitro. This showed that the structural requirement for steroidogenesis may be residing in a smaller molecule. ASF failed to produce hypertension in adrenalectomized rats. By immunofluorescence (using fluorescein conjugated antibodies), ASF was found to be localized in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Data suggest that ASF, a new aldosterone-stimulating hormone that has not been described before, is secreted by the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland appears to be the target organ for the biological activities.
Direct Observation of Photodissociation Products from Phenylperoxyl Radicals Isolated in the Gas Phase (2013)

Gas phase peroxyl radicals are central to our chemical understanding of combustion and atmospheric processes and are typically characterized by strong absorption in the UV (λ(max) ≈ 240 nm). The analogous maximum absorption feature for arylperoxyl radicals is predicted to shift to the visible but has not previously been characterized nor have any photoproducts arising from this transition been identified. Here we describe the controlled synthesis and isolation in vacuo of an array of charge-substituted phenylperoxyl radicals at room temperature, including the 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)methyl phenylperoxyl radical cation (4-Me3N([+])CH2-C6H4OO(•)), using linear ion-trap mass spectrometry. Photodissociation mass spectra obtained at wavelengths ranging from 310 to 500 nm reveal two major photoproduct channels corresponding to homolysis of aryl-OO and arylO-O bonds resulting in loss of O2 and O, respectively. Combining the photodissociation yields across this spectral window produces a broad (FWHM ≈ 60 nm) but clearly resolved feature centered at λ(max) = 403 nm (3.08 eV). The influence of the charge-tag identity and its proximity to the radical site are investigated and demonstrate no effect on the identity of the two dominant photoproduct channels. Electronic structure calculations have located the vertical B ← X transition of these substituted phenylperoxyl radicals within the experimental uncertainty and further predict the analogous transition for unsubstituted phenylperoxyl radical (C6H5OO(•)) to be 457 nm (2.71 eV), nearly 45 nm shorter than previous estimates and in good agreement with recent computational values.
Cell-Mediated Immune Response after COVID 19 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2022)

Abstract Introduction Most patients with IBD mount an antibody response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, but few studies have evaluated the cell mediated immune response (CMIR). Methods We performed a prospective study (HERCULES) to evaluate CMIR among patients with IBD and healthy controls (HC) after completion of the primary series of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Results One hundred 158 patients with IBD and 20 HC were enrolled. The majority (89%) of IBD patients developed a CMIR which was not different than HC (94%, p=0.6667). There was no significant difference (p=0.5488) in CMIR response between those not immunosuppressed (median 255 Spike T cells/million PBMC, IQR 146, 958) and immunosuppressed (median 377, IQR 123, 1440). There was also no correlation between antibody responses and CMIR (p=0.5215) Discussion Most patients with IBD achieved CMIR to a COVID-19 vaccine. Future studies are needed evaluating sustained CMIR and clinical outcomes.
A Collision Avoidance Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

This paper set out to investigate the usefulness of solving collision avoidance problems with the help of deep reinforcement learning in an unknown environment, especially in compact spaces, such as a narrow corridor. This research aims to determine whether a deep reinforcement learning-based collision avoidance method is superior to the traditional methods, such as potential field-based methods and dynamic window approach. Besides, the proposed obstacle avoidance method was developed as one of the capabilities to enable each robot in a novel robotic system, namely the Self-reconfigurable and Transformable Omni-Directional Robotic Modules (STORM), to navigate intelligently and safely in an unknown environment. A well-conceived hardware and software architecture with features that enable further expansion and parallel development designed for the ongoing STORM projects is also presented in this work. A virtual STORM module with skid-steer kinematics was simulated in Gazebo to reduce the gap between the simulations and the real-world implementations. Moreover, comparisons among multiple training runs of the neural networks with different parameters related to balance the exploitation and exploration during the training process, as well as tests and experiments conducted in both simulation and real-world, are presented in detail. Directions for future research are also provided in the paper.
Green synthesis of nanoparticles: Their advantages and disadvantages (2016)

The nanotechnology and biomedical sciences opens the possibility for a wide variety of biological research topics and medical uses at the molecular and cellular level. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical and physical methods. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that connects nanotechnology with plants. Novel methods of ideally synthesizing NPs are thus thought that are formed at ambient temperatures, neutral pH, low costs and environmentally friendly fashion. Keeping these goals in view nanomaterials have been synthesized using various routes. Among the biological alternatives, plants and plant extracts seem to be the best option. Plants are nature’s “chemical factories”. They are cost efficient and require low maintenance. The advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology can be easily enumerated. This study attempts to review the diversity of the field, starting with the history of nanotechnology, the properties of the nanoparticle, various strategies of synthesis, the many advantages and disadvantages of different methods and its application.
Incorporating an Exercise Detection, Grading, and Hormone Dosing Algorithm Into the Artificial Pancreas Using Accelerometry and Heart Rate (2015)

In this article, we present several important contributions necessary for enabling an artificial endocrine pancreas (AP) system to better respond to exercise events. First, we show how exercise can be automatically detected using body-worn accelerometer and heart rate sensors. During a 22 hour overnight inpatient study, 13 subjects with type 1 diabetes wearing a Zephyr accelerometer and heart rate monitor underwent 45 minutes of mild aerobic treadmill exercise while controlling their glucose levels using sensor-augmented pump therapy. We used the accelerometer and heart rate as inputs into a validated regression model. Using this model, we were able to detect the exercise event with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 99.5%. Second, from this same study, we show how patients' glucose declined during the exercise event and we present results from in silico modeling that demonstrate how including an exercise model in the glucoregulatory model improves the estimation of the drop in glucose during exercise. Last, we present an exercise dosing adjustment algorithm and describe parameter tuning and performance using an in silico glucoregulatory model during an exercise event.
The Analgesic Effect of Combined Infusions of Morphine and Ketamine Using an Intravenous PCA after a Cesarean Section (2001)

Background: Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is known to have analgesic properties in subanesthetic doses and has been used as an analgesic in the postoperative period by variable routes. The effect of adding ketamine to analgesia using intravenous PCA morphine was evaluated in 90 women after cesarean section.
Feminizing Wolbachia endosymbiont disrupts maternal sex chromosome inheritance in a butterfly species (2017)

<i>Wolbachia</i> is a maternally inherited ubiquitous endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that displays a diverse repertoire of host reproductive manipulations. For the first time, we demonstrate that <i>Wolbachia</i> manipulates sex chromosome inheritance in a sexually reproducing insect. <i>Eurema mandarina</i> butterfly females on Tanegashima Island, Japan, are infected with the <i>w</i>Fem <i>Wolbachia</i> strain and produce all-female offspring, while antibiotic treatment results in male offspring. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that <i>w</i>Fem-positive and <i>w</i>Fem-negative females have Z0 and WZ sex chromosome sets, respectively, demonstrating the predicted absence of the W chromosome in <i>w</i>Fem-infected lineages. Genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that <i>w</i>Fem-positive females lay only Z0 eggs that carry a paternal Z, whereas females from lineages that are naturally <i>w</i>Fem-negative lay both WZ and ZZ eggs. In contrast, antibiotic treatment of adult <i>w</i>Fem females resulted in the production of Z0 and ZZ eggs, suggesting that this <i>Wolbachia</i> strain can disrupt the maternal inheritance of Z chromosomes. Moreover, most male offspring produced by antibiotic-treated <i>w</i>Fem females had a ZZ karyotype, implying reduced survival of Z0 individuals in the absence of feminizing effects of <i>Wolbachia</i>. Antibiotic treatment of <i>w</i>Fem-infected larvae induced male-specific splicing of the <i>doublesex</i> (<i>dsx</i>) gene transcript, causing an intersex phenotype. Thus, the absence of the female-determining W chromosome in Z0 individuals is functionally compensated by <i>Wolbachia</i>-mediated conversion of sex determination. We discuss how <i>Wolbachia</i> may manipulate the host chromosome inheritance and that <i>Wolbachia</i> may have acquired this coordinated dual mode of reproductive manipulation first by the evolution of female-determining function and then cytoplasmically induced disruption of sex chromosome inheritance.
Beliefs in Decision-Making Cascades (2019)

This work explores a social learning problem with agents having nonidentical noise variances and mismatched beliefs. We consider an $N$-agent binary hypothesis test in which each agent sequentially makes a decision based not only on a private observation, but also on preceding agents' decisions. In addition, the agents have their own beliefs instead of the true prior, and have nonidentical noise variances in the private signal. We focus on the Bayes risk of the last agent, where preceding agents are selfish. We first derive the optimal decision rule by recursive belief update and conclude, counterintuitively, that beliefs deviating from the true prior could be optimal in this setting. The effect of nonidentical noise levels in the two-agent case is also considered and analytical properties of the optimal belief curves are given. Next, we consider a predecessor selection problem wherein the subsequent agent of a certain belief chooses a predecessor from a set of candidates with varying beliefs. We characterize the decision region for choosing such a predecessor and argue that a subsequent agent with beliefs varying from the true prior often ends up selecting a suboptimal predecessor, indicating the need for a social planner. Lastly, we discuss an augmented intelligence design problem that uses a model of human behavior from cumulative prospect theory and investigate its near-optimality and suboptimality.
Quantitative assessment of training effects using EksoGT® exoskeleton in Parkinson's disease patients: A randomized single blind clinical trial (2022)

The findings of the proposed trial will likely give substantial solutions for the management of gait and postural disorders in PD where valid interventions are lacking. The coupling of movement evaluation, which assesses neuromuscular and biomechanical features, with neurological data, will better define the impact of the therapy on the relationship between PD motor alterations and brain activity. This will provide an active treatment that is personalized and shared to large populations.
Abstract 18756: The Association Between Residual Non-Infarct Related Coronary Stenoses in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Adverse Outcomes (2017)

Introduction: Approximately 40-60% of STEMI patients present with multivessel disease (MVD). Revascularization strategies include immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in multiple dise...
Measurements of thermal conductivity and specific heat of lead free solder (2002)

Thermal processes in the manufacture of solder joints are critical to the production of high quality electronic packaging. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity are thermophysical properties of solder material that control the thermal aspects of the soldering process. As lead based solder materials are targeted for elimination from electronics manufacture, the need to understand the thermal properties of the new attachment materials to be used are critical for quality control as well as for energy consumption and environmental impact of the manufacturing process. Lead free solder materials are expected to be the predominant attachment material in the near future.
TIC Y CIUDAD: UN ABORDAJE DESDE EL CONSTRUCTIVISMO SOCIAL (2010)

En este trabajo intentaremos desarrollar una lectura crítica en clave epistemológica acerca de la posibilidad de pensar en la construcción colectiva de la ciudad y los dables modos de abordaje. En una primera instancia, trabajaremos sobre los distintos enfoques epistemológicos desde los que se puede pensar la ciudad. Luego la analizaremos como posible objeto de comunicación y veremos los abordajes teóricos pertinentes como consecuencia de la concepción que adoptaremos de ciudad. Finalizaremos este desarrollo con una reflexión acerca de cómo analizar la construcción colectiva de la ciudad, lo que nos conduce a plantear el constructivismo urbano como nueva articulación teórica en los estudios comunicacionales urbanos.
A note on higher-order Bernoulli polynomials (2013)

n} be the (n + 1)-dimensional vector space over Q. From the property of the basis B (r) 0 , B (r) 1 , . . . , B (r) n for the space P n , we derive some interesting identities of higher-order Bernoulli polynomials.