gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The peri-implant breast capsule: An immunophenotypic study of capsules taken at explantation surgery (2001)

Silicone-based breast implants continue to be the focus of many studies attempting to correlate implant failure to clinical and pathological factors. Routine pathology of peri-implant capsule is extensively described in the literature. The actual significance of the cellular events remains unconfirmed, particularly with reference to clinical outcome. This study reviews our experience with explanted capsules. The study makes specific reference to the immunohistochemistry of the cells participating in the capsule and the significance of the immunophenotypic characterization of these cells to clinical outcome. The use of a wide selection of immunomarkers for T and B lymphocytes and histiocytes provided no supporting evidence for local cell participation in the capsule, which may indicate the presence of an immunological reaction present in the capsule at the time of explantation. One was only able to confirm the presence of a low grade inflammatory process and progression to fibrosis and calcification over time. Statistical correlation was obtained only between Baker grade of capsular contracture and CD3/CD68 immunomarker positivity. CD45RO did show correlation with pain. No correlation was demonstrated with calcification. The results obtained in this study highlighted the need for further investigations into the mechanism of histiocyte and fibrocyte recruitment and activation in the capsule, a possible source of pain and contracture, which is a serious long-term clinical finding leading to the necessity for explantation.
Value-based web caching (2003)

Despite traditional web caching techniques, redundant data is often transferred over HTTP links. These redundant transfers result from both resource modification and aliasing. Resource modification causes the data represented by a single URI to change; often, in transferring the new data, some old data is retransmitted. Aliasing, in contrast, occurs when the same data is named by multiple URIs, often in the context of dynamic or advertising content. Traditional web caching techniques index data by its name and thus often fail to recognize and take advantage of aliasing.Despite traditional web caching techniques, redundant data is often transferred over HTTP links. These redundant transfers result from both resource modification and aliasing. Resource modification causes the data represented by a single URI to change; often, in transferring the new data, some old data is retransmitted. Aliasing, in contrast, occurs when the same data is named by multiple URIs, often in the context of dynamic or advertising content. Traditional web caching techniques index data by its name and thus often fail to recognize and take advantage of aliasing.
Cycloheximide-induced T-cell Death Is Mediated by a Fas-associated Death Domain-dependent Mechanism (1999)

Cycloheximide (CHX) can contribute to apoptotic processes, either in conjunction with another agent (e.g. tumor necrosis factor-alpha) or on its own. However, the basis of this CHX-induced apoptosis has not been clearly established. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of CHX-induced cell death were examined in two different human T-cell lines. In T-cells undergoing CHX-induced apoptosis (Jurkat), but not in T-cells resistant to the effects of CHX (CEM C7), caspase-8 and caspase-3 were activated. However, the Fas ligand was not expressed in Jurkat cells either before or after treatment with CHX, suggesting that the activation of these caspases does not involve the Fas receptor. To determine whether CHX-induced apoptosis was mediated by a Fas-associated death domain (FADD)-dependent mechanism, a FADD-DN protein was expressed in cells prior to CHX treatment. Its expression effectively inhibited CHX-induced cell death, suggesting that CHX-mediated apoptosis primarily involves a FADD-dependent mechanism. Since CHX treatment did not result in the induction of Fas or FasL, and neutralizing anti-Fas and anti-tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 antibodies did not block CHX-mediated apoptosis, these results may also indicate that FADD functions in a receptor-independent manner. Surprisingly, death effector filaments containing FADD and caspase-8 were observed during CHX treatment of Jurkat, Jurkat-FADD-DN, and CEM C7 cells, suggesting that their formation may be necessary, but not sufficient, for cell death.
ROLE OF C-JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE SIGNALING IN MALE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS IN MONKEYS AFTER MILD TESTICULAR HYPERTHERMIA AND/OR INTRATESTICULAR TESTOSTERONE DEPRIVATION. (2007)

Objective In earlier studies, we have shown the involvement of the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic pathway for induction of male germ cell apoptosis in monkeys after transient testicular warming or administration of exogenous testosterone. The JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase) signaling pathway has been implicated in the activation of apoptosis in various cell systems by stimulating the intrinsic pathway, but its role in testicular germ cell death is unclear. The goal of this study was to define the role of JNK in male germ cell apoptosis in monkeys after mild testicular hyperthermia or deprivation of intratesticular T or the combination of both interventions. Study Design Groups of eight adult cynomolgus monkeys received one of the following treatments: (1) two empty Silastic implants (C); (2) two 5.5 cm T-implants (T); (3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43°C for 30 minutes) for 2 consecutive days (H); and (4) two T-implants plus exposure of the testes to heat for 2 consecutive days (T + H). Testicular biopsies were performed before and at 3, 8, and 28 days during treatment. Results Activation of JNK, as evidenced by increase in phospho-c-Jun in testis lysates, was detected in all treatment groups on day 3. Compared with controls, where no staining was detected, a strong phospho-c-Jun staining was detected in the nuclei of apoptotic germ cells in all treatment groups and in the Sertoli cell nuclei at day 8 in H and H + T groups. To further define the role of JNK in apoptotic signal transduction, we examined the expression of JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 in testes after these interventions. In the control testes, the expression of JNKs was localized in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Costaining for JNK2 and -3 and for TUNEL shows expression of both of these isoforms only in those germ cells undergoing apoptosis when compared with controls where these proteins were detected in cytoplasm. In contrast, JNK1 was detected in the Sertoli cell nuclei at day 8 in H and H + T groups. Conclusion Our results indicate that (1) the JNK pathway may play a role in male germ cell apoptosis in monkeys; (2) JNK isoforms could have preferential effects on testis function; and (3) Sertoli cells participate in germ cell apoptosis triggered by heat stress via JNK signaling.
Optimization of extruded collagen fibers for ACL reconstruction (1993)

Collagen fibers used in a scaffolding device for ligament reconstruction must be thin, strong, and degradable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fiber diameter (20, 50, or 90 microns), crosslinking agent (uncrosslinked, dehydrothermal-cyanamide, or glutaraldehyde), and hydration on the initial mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and subcutaneous degradation rates of fibers extruded from an acidic dispersion of insoluble type I collagen. The wet tensile strength of extruded collagen fibers was significantly improved by decreasing the fiber diameter. Low-diameter, crosslinked fibers had wet tensile strengths ranging from 75-110 MPa. In contrast, high diameter fibers had wet strength values of about 30 MPa. The degradation rate of the implanted fibers, in contrast, was not significantly prolonged by changing the initial fiber diameter. This result is important because prolonged degradation of the fibers can lead to implant encapsulation instead of neoligament formation. By minimizing the diameter, fiber strength can be increased without prolonging the fiber degradation rate. Low-diameter, dehydrothermal-cyanamide crosslinked fibers have greater tensile strength and a more rapid degradation rate than medium-diameter, glutaraldehyde crosslinked fibers, and are therefore more suitable for use in a degradable ligament reconstruction device.
<title>Proposed mechanism for lock-in growth in ring laser gyros</title> (1992)

A model is developed which explains the lock-in growth phenomenon in ring laser gyros (RLGs), based on the concept of a 'burn-in' reflection grating proposed by Chao et al. (1984). It is suggested that a 'burn-in grating' is produced by the photoinduced refractive index modulation of the dielectric mirror stack. Experimental results supporting the burn-in grating model are presented, including lock-in growth and recovery measurements, second-order optical nonlinear activity measurements confirming electrooptic activity, and high- and low-intensity laser-induced damage measurements.
Underwater Optical Communications Systems Part 1: Variability of Water Optical Parameters (2006)

In this paper, we examine the fundamental physics and natural variability of underwater (u/w) optical attenuation. Using data collected recently in the Yellow Sea, Arabian Gulf, and East China Sea, we describe the persistent features of the near-surface and near-seafloor optical conditions. Depth profiles are shown for optical parameters relevant to u/w communications studies: the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K) and the beam attenuation coefficient (c). Profiles of K and c demonstrate how these coefficients can vary with depth. Sediment-laden nepheloid layers occur at the bottom of many littoral waters; the largest effect is usually in the shallowest water profiles. There can be a significant difference in the communications range at the top and bottom of the water column. This paper shows that satellite data can only be used to estimate optical attenuation coefficients in the top layers of the water column; they does describe the water clarity in littoral waters of any significant depth because this type of remote sensing misses the subsurface variability. Therefore, in-situ profiles are needed to accurately describe the vertical variability in optical clarity that is needed to evaluate u/w optical communication performance
Low‐frequency electromagnetic fields do not alter responses of inflammatory genes and proteins in human monocytes and immune cell lines (2011)

The effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on human health are the subject of on-going research and serious public concern. These fields potentially elicit small effects that have been proposed to have consequences, either positive or negative, for biological systems. To reveal potentially weak but biologically relevant effects, we chose to extensively examine exposure of immune cells to two different signals, namely a complex multiple waveform field, and a 50 Hz sine wave. These immune cells are highly responsive and, in vivo, modulation of cytokine expression responses can result in systemic health effects. Using time course experiments, we determined kinetics of cytokine and other inflammation-related genes in a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, and primary monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, cytokine protein levels in THP-1 monocytes were determined. Exposure to either of the two signals did not result in a significant effect on gene and protein expression in the studied immune cells. Also, additional experiments using non-immune cells showed no effects of the signals on cytokine gene expression. We therefore conclude that these LF EMF exposure conditions are not expected to significantly modulate innate immune signaling.
Image reconstruction in dynamic inverse problems with temporal models (2020)

The paper surveys variational approaches for image reconstruction in dynamic inverse problems. Emphasis is on methods that rely on parametrised temporal models. These are here encoded as diffeomorphic deformations with time dependent parameters, or as motion constrained reconstruction where the motion model is given by a partial differential equation. The survey also includes recent development in integrating deep learning for solving these computationally demanding variational methods. Examples are given for 2D dynamic tomography, but methods apply to general inverse problems.
The Safety and Biological Activity of OTT166, a Novel Topical Selective Integrin Inhibitor for the Treatment of Diabetic Eye Disease: A Phase 1b Study (2022)

OTT166 eyedrops were safe, well-tolerated, and demonstrated biological activity in 37% of responders. These results warrant further evaluation of OTT166 eyedrops. &lt;b&gt;[&lt;i&gt;Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina&lt;/i&gt; 2022;53:553-560.]&lt;/b&gt;.
Sequence and N-terminal Processing of the Transmembrane Protein E1 of the Coronavirus Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (1987)

Sequencing of part of a clone from a transmissible gastroenteritis virus genome cDNA library led to the identification of the gene encoding the E1 matrix protein. The amino acid sequence of the primary translation product predicts a polypeptide of 262 residues which shares many features with the previously characterized murine hepatitis virus and infectious bronchitis virus E1 proteins. However, N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that a putative signal peptide of 17 residues was absent in the virion-associated polypeptide. The predicted mol. wt. of the mature unglycosylated product, 27,800, is in agreement with the experimental Mr value.
A hierarchical policy specification language, and enforcement mechanism, for governing digital enterprises (2003)

This paper is part of a research program based on the thesis that the only reliable way for ensuring that a heterogeneous distributed community of software modules and people conforms to a given policy is for this policy to be enforced.We have devised a mechanism called law-governed interaction (LGI) for this purpose.As has been demonstrated in previous publications, LGI can be used to specify a wide range of policies to govern the interactions among the members of large and heterogeneous communities of agents dispersed throughout a distributed enterprise, and to enforce such policies in a decentralized and efficient manner.What concerns us in this paper is the fact that a typical enterprise is bound to be governed by a multitude of policies.Such policies are likely to be interrelated in complex ways, forming an ensemble of policies that is to govern the enterprise as a whole.As a step toward organizing such an ensemble of policies, we introduce in this paper a hierarchical inter-policy relation called superior/subordinate.This relation is intended to serve two distinct, if related, purposes.First, it is to help organize and classify a set of enterprise policies.Second, this relation is to help regulate the long term evolution of the various policies that govern an enterprise.For this purpose, each policy in the hierarchy should circumscribe the authority and the structure of policies subordinate to it, in some analogy to the manner in which a constitution in American jurisprudence constrains the laws subordinate to it.Broadly speaking, the hierarchical structure of the ensemble of policies that govern a given enterprise is to reflect the hierarchical structure of the enterprise itself.
[Vincristine-resistant human KB cell line and mechanism of multidrug resistance]. (1994)

A multidrug-resistant (mdr) clone of human cancer KB cells was isolated by stepwise selection on exposure to increasing doses of vincristine. The final clone, KBv200, obtained after ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis showed 175-fold higher resistance to vincristine than did KB cells. The cells were also cross-resistant to taxol, colchicine and adriamycin. Cellular accumulation of vincristine in KBv200 was decreased to less than one-fifth of that in KB. To determine the presence of mdr 1 mRNA in KBv200 and KB, total cellular RNAs from each cell line were analyzed by means of slot blot hybridization. The result showed that the mdr 1 gene had been highly expressed in KBv200. In addition, verapamil, a calcium channel blockers, was shown to increase VCR accumulation in KBv200 and reverse the vincristine resistance. All these results demonstrate that the mechanism of KBv200 cell resistance to multiple drugs resulted from increased expression of mdr 1 gene and brought about over production of P-glycoprotein and increased the efflux of drugs.
Paradigm Shift in the Pathophysiology of Postmenopausal and Thyrotoxic Osteoporosis (2009)

Bone loss is an inevitable result of getting older in both sexes. This loss is accelerated in women in the early years following menopause and in both sexes with drugs and diseases, prominently hyperthyroidism. Postmenopausal osteoporosis and hyperthyroid osteoporosis, both of which are widely recognized clinical entities, have been thought to arise from low estrogen levels and high thyroid hormone levels, respectively. However, when estrogen declines, follicle-stimulating hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, rises. Likewise, when thyroid hormone levels rise in hyperthyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels fall. We have used a complement of mouse genetic, pharmacological, and cell biological approaches to unravel a direct action of follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone on bone remodeling and bone mass. Apart from establishing a novel pituitary-bone axis of physiological significance, our studies challenge the existing 1-hormone, 1-disease paradigm in endocrinology and suggest that a plurality of hormonal disturbances involving pituitary hormones cause postmenopausal and hyperthyroid osteoporoses. New therapeutic targets thus emerge from these studies. Mt Sinai J Med 76:474-483, 2009. (c) 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
Evaluation of the developmental potential of metaphase I oocytes from stimulated intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (2011)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the developmental potential and clinical application value of metaphase I (MI) oocytes obtained from stimulated intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. ICSI was performed on MI oocytes immediately after denudation (Group A), or on in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes following culture; oocytes in culture were further divided into two groups, being cultured for either 3-5 h (Group B) or 24-28 h (Group C). Metaphase II oocytes from the same cycle(s) isolated for ICSI served as the control group (Group D). The rates of normal fertilisation, cleavage and high-quality embryos were compared among the four groups. High-quality embryos were transferred whenever possible, and pregnancy rates were evaluated. Results showed that normal fertilisation rates for Groups B, C and D were significantly higher than that of Group A (68.6%, 57.8%, 74.5% and 30.1%, respectively; P<0.01). The rate of high-quality embryos in Group B was comparable with Group D; the rate for Group C was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.05). Two clinical pregnancies were achieved after transfer of embryos from IVM oocytes. In vitro maturation of MI oocytes for a short period of time may increase the number of available embryos; however, overnight in vitro culture of MI oocytes did not improve results.
Evaluation of Apatite-forming Ability and Antibacterial Activity of Raw Silk Fabrics Doped with Metal Ions (2018)

Raw silk can be doped with metal element such as Ca and Zn due to high affinity of sericin, outer layer of the raw silk. Thus, raw silk doped with metal element is expected to show various functions favorable as biomaterials. In this study, we investigated to apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli of metal-doped raw silk fabric. The samples were prepared by soaking in the aqueous solution containing Ca, Cu or Zn ion. Cu-doped and Zn-doped raw silk fabric showed antibacterial activity, suggesting antibacterial agents of Cu and Zn released from the samples killed the bacteria. On the other hand, Ca-doped raw silk fabric showed both apatite-forming ability and antibacterial activity. The apatite formation on fabric is might be because Ca ion released from the sample increased a degree of supersaturation of SBF to respect with apatite and accelerate the apatite formation. Also, it is considered that release of Ca ion causes pH increase locally and the bacteria hardly survive at the sample surface. Therefore, Ca-doped, Cu-doped and Zn-doped raw silk fabric are useful as antibacterial biomaterials. Further, Ca-doped raw silk fabric has potential to bond to living bone.
Tricyclic heteroaromatic systems. 2-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c][1,3]benzoxazin-5-one: a novel benzodiazepine receptor ligand. (1994)

The synthesis, unambiguous proof of structure and benzodiazepine receptor affinity and efficacy of 2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c][1,3]benzoxazin-5-one 1 are reported. The in vitro biological data indicate that 1 may be the lead compound of a new class of benzodiazepine antagonist-inverse agonist ligands.
A non-genomic signaling pathway shut down by mating changes the estradiol-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct (2009)

Estradiol (E(2)) accelerates oviductal egg transport through intraoviductal non-genomic pathways in unmated rats and through genomic pathways in mated rats. This shift in pathways has been designated as intracellular path shifting (IPS), and represents a novel and hitherto unrecognized effect of mating on the female reproductive tract. We had reported previously that IPS involves shutting down the E(2) non-genomic pathway up- and downstream of 2-methoxyestradiol. Here, we evaluated whether IPS involves changes in the genomic pathway too. Using microarray analysis, we found that a common group of genes changed its expression in response to E(2) in unmated and mated rats, indicating that an E(2) genomic signaling pathway is present before and after mating; however, a group of genes decreased its expression only in mated rats and another group of genes increased its expression only in unmated rats. We evaluated the possibility that this difference is a consequence of an E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway present in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. Mating shuts down this E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway up- and downstream of cAMP production. The Star level is increased by E(2) in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. This is blocked by the antagonist of estrogen receptor ICI 182 780, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536, and the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, OR 486. These results indicate that the E(2)-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct differs before and after mating, and this difference is probably mediated by an E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway operating on gene expression only in unmated rats.