gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A chemical dataset for evaluation of alternative approaches to skin‐sensitization testing (2004)

Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from skin sensitization is a common occupational and environmental health problem. In recent years, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) has emerged as a practical option for assessing the skin-sensitization potential of chemicals. In addition to accurate identification of skin sensitizers, the LLNA can also provide a reliable measure of relative sensitization potency, information that is pivotal in successful management of human health risks. However, even with the significant animal welfare benefits provided by the LLNA, there is interest still in the development of non-animal test methods for skin sensitization. Here, we provide a dataset of chemicals that have been tested in the LLNA and the activity of which correspond with what is known of their potential to cause skin sensitization in humans. It is anticipated that this will be of value to other investigators in the evaluation and calibration of novel approaches to skin-sensitization testing. The materials that comprise this dataset encompass both the chemical and biological diversity of known chemical allergens and provide also examples of negative controls. It is hoped that this dataset will accelerate the development, evaluation and eventual validation of new approaches to skin-sensitization testing.
<title>Recent developments on the NRL Modified Betatron Accelerator</title> (1991)

1407_47Since the previously reported successful demonstration of acceleration of electrons to $OM 12 MeV, higher trapped beam current and longer beam lifetime have been obtained. The improved confinement has led to a higher peak energy $OM 18 MeV, and is the result of increasing the strong focusing and toroidal magnetic fields, reducing magnetic field errors, and optimizing the betatron flux condition. Modifications to the electromagnet buswork are in progress to further reduce field errors, and a fast pulsed magnet system to provide dynamic stabilization of the cyclotron resonances is being studied.
Apoptotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Jordanian Propolis Extract against Different Cancer Cell Lines (2020)

Propolis is a resinous substance that is collected by <i>Apis mellifera</i> from plant sources and is used in traditional medicine. To study the phytochemical constituents and apoptotic potential of Jordanian propolis extract against different cancer cell lines, propolis was extracted using methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate and was fractionated using chromatographic methods. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT and LDH assays. The apoptotic potential was investigated using florescence microscopy, multicaspase assay, Annexin-V and dead cell assay, and cell cycle assay. The phytochemical constituents were analyzed using GC-MS. The methanol extract of propolis exhibited cytotoxic potential against all cell lines tested. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of the methanol extract were 47.4, 77.8, 91.2, and 145.0 μg/ml for HepG2, LoVo, MDAMB231, and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of the F1 fraction were 31.6 (MDAMB231), 38.9 (HepG2), 36.7 (LoVo) and 75.5 (MCF7) μg/ml. On further purification using thin-layer chromatography, the IC<sub>50</sub> values of the F1-3 fraction were found to be 84.31(HepG2), 79.2 (MCF7), 70.4 (LoVo), and 68.9 (MDAMB231) μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer potential of the F1 fraction was confirmed through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The GC-MS analysis of the F1 fraction revealed the presence of 3-methyl-4- isopropylphenol (29.44%) as a major constituent. These findings indicate the potential of propolis extract as a cancer therapy. However, further investigation is required to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the most active fraction.
No Calcium-Fluoride-Like Deposits Detected in Plaque Shortly after a Sodium Fluoride Mouthrinse (2010)

Plaque 'calcium-fluoride-like' (CaF(2)-like) and fluoride deposits held by biological/bacterial calcium fluoride (Ca-F) bonds appear to be the source of cariostatic concentrations of fluoride in plaque fluid. The aim of this study was to quantify the amounts of plaque fluoride held in these reservoirs after a sodium fluoride rinse. 30 and 60 min after a 228 microg/g fluoride rinse, plaque samples were collected from 11 volunteers. Each sample was homogenized, split into 2 aliquots (aliquots 1 and 2), centrifuged, and the recovered plaque fluid combined and analyzed using microelectrodes. The plaque mass from aliquot 1 was retained. The plaque mass from aliquot 2 was extracted several times with a solution having the same fluoride, calcium and pH as the plaque fluid in order to extract the plaque CaF(2)-like deposits. The total fluoride in both aliquots was then determined. In a second experiment, the extraction completeness was examined by applying the above procedure to in vitro precipitates containing known amounts of CaF(2)-like deposits. Nearly identical fluoride concentrations were found in both plaque aliquots. The extraction of the CaF(2)-like precipitates formed in vitro removed more than 80% of these deposits. The results suggest that either CaF(2)-like deposits were not formed in plaque or, if these deposits had been formed, they were rapidly lost. The inability to form persistent amounts of CaF(2)-like deposits in plaque may account for the relatively rapid loss of plaque fluid fluoride after the use of conventional fluoride dentifrices or rinses.
A two-chip digital car radio (2002)

Car radio design has been dominated for years by analog signal processing. If digital signal processing is used in a car radio, it begins with the multiplex signal (audio frequency) where filtering and sound control gives new features to the radio. The concept of the two chip digital car radio goes beyond these features: digitization of the intermediate frequency (IF); and mixed-signal processing technology using embedded DSP coprocessors.
Design of disaster management system using IoT based interconnected network with smart city monitoring (2016)

IoT deals with intricate systems that integrate multiple disperse components towards their synergetic use. In this paper a system of interconnected smart modules is developed as a way to enable centralized data acquisition as well as provide an interlinked network for transmission of data in absence of any existing infrastructure. Emphasis is given on how sensing and communication technologies of IoT can effectively be used in smart city monitoring as well as in case of disaster management. The hardware of the module used for this purpose is studied and elaborated in a detailed manner.
Resource allocation for cooperative relaying (2008)

The delay-limited capacity of the half-duplex relay channel is analyzed for several cooperative protocols under a long-term average total transmit power constraint. It is assumed that the source and the relay have access to partial channel state information in the form of channel amplitudes. Non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF), compress-and-forward (CF) and opportunistic decode-and-forward (ODF) protocols are compared with optimal resource allocation, i.e., at each channel state, the source and the relay transmit with the minimum total power allocation required to achieve the target rate. A hybrid opportunistic protocol is proposed in which CF or ODF with optimal resource allocation is chosen at each channel state. Numerical results demonstrate that, while the hybrid protocol offers the best delay-limited capacity, ODF follows the hybrid scheme closely for a wide range of relay locations and average power constraints. We also consider various low complexity protocols such as fixed time allocation and the estimate-and-forward (EF) protocol in order to analyze the trade-off between the system complexity and delay-limited capacity.
Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 (2014)

Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We review the sources and methods used in compiling the national cancer incidence and mortality estimates, and briefly describe the key results by cancer site and in 20 large "areas" of the world. Overall, there were 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung (1.82 million), breast (1.67 million), and colorectal (1.36 million); the most common causes of cancer death were lung cancer (1.6 million deaths), liver cancer (745,000 deaths), and stomach cancer (723,000 deaths).
Adipose tissue-derived therapeutic cells for peripheral artery diseases: the fatty blessing (2016)

KEYWORDS: Peripheral arterial diseasestem cellsadipose tissueadipose derived stroma cellsstroma vascular fractionregenerative medicine
Las alucinaciones visuales en la obra de Oliver Sacks (2020)

Hallucinations is one of Sacks's books with greater neuroophthalmological content. The descriptions of the hallucinations of his patients or those experienced by himself, as well as the reflective analysis on the world of perception make this book one of the most fascinating works of Oliver Sacks.
Skin sympathetic nerve activity and nocturnal blood pressure nondipping in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (2023)

POTS patients with nocturnal nondipping have elevated nocturnal sympathetic tone and blunted reduction of SKNA between day and night. Hypotensive episodes were associated with reduced aSKNA.
Shallow binding makes functional arrays fast (1991)

Access and update for random elements of arrays in imperative programming languages are O(1) operations. Implementing functional programming languages to achieve equivalent efficiency has proved difficult. We show how the straight-forward application of shallow binding to functional arrays automatically achieves O(1) update for single-threaded usage.
Lymphopenia in Patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Are B Cells Suppressed in These Patients? (2014)

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immune regulatory disorder requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transfusion (HSCT) for long-term survival. More importantly, it is imperative to initiate treatment early as delays in treatment can be associated with significant mortality. Unfortunately, there can be significant overlap of the HLH diagnostic criteria with other non-HLH conditions, thereby considerably delaying diagnosis and therapy for HLH. Hence, surrogate markers are needed to aid in the diagnosis and prevent delays in initiating therapy in this life threatening disorder. Hypogammaglobulinemia has been a less commonly reported feature of HLH. It has been reported in SAP deficient patients +/- HLH. More recently, it has been reported in a few patients with XIAP deficiency and STXBP2 mutations in association with colitis. We have observed B-cell lymphopenia as well as hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with HLH at our institution. However, the actual incidence is not clear. In addition, lymphocyte subsets at presentation have not been investigated so far in HLH. Hence, we decided to retrospectively analyze lymphocyte subsets and quantitative immunoglobulin levels in additional to traditional diagnostic markers at presentation in patients with HLH. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who received a diagnosis of HLH at our institution, believed to be familial or secondary HLH. Patients with SAP deficiency were excluded as hypogammaglobulinemia is a known association. Patients who had received HLH therapy prior to evaluation of lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels were also excluded from the analysis. Data at presentation was evaluable in 35 patients. Of the 35 patients, 26 had familial HLH and 9 had secondary HLH. 25 patients underwent allogeneic HSCT. Seven died secondary to complications post HSCT and 1 patient died prior to HSCT from refractory HLH. Identifiable genetic mutations associated with HLH were found in 20 patients. Analysis of their immune phenotype in additional to the diagnostic criteria revealed the following: 19(54%) had B-cell lymphopenia, including 7(20%) who had both T-cell and B-lymphopenia. 3(8%) patients had T-cell lymphopenia. Even in patients with B and T cell lymphopenia, the B-cell lymphopenia was proportionately lower. Hypogammaglobulinemia (low IgG levels) was seen in 4 patients. Although we noted hypogammoglobulinemia in a few patients, the predominant finding was the high incidence of B-cell lymphopenia. Interestingly, B-cell lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia have also been noted perforin deficient mice with HLH at our institution (unpublished data). In conclusion, this study suggests that B-cell lymphopenia can serve as a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of HLH.
VARIOUS ANTIBROWNING AGENTS AND GREEN TEA EXTRACT DURING PROCESSING AND STORAGE (2003)

The production of bottled green tea beverage has encountered a browning problem mainly caused by the autoxidation of flavanols (catechins). Five antibrowning agents, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, citric acid, L-cysteine, and glutathione, were tested for their effectiveness on preventing the color changes of green tea extract during processing and storage. One-tenth percent of the antibrowning agents were individually added to the freshly prepared green tea extracts, heat processed at 121C for 1 min, and then stored in a 50C oven for up to 12 days. Samples of fresh, processed, and stored tea extracts were measured for their color maintenance and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content to compare the antibrowning and antioxidant effects of these agents, respectively. Results indicated that the antibrowning activity and antioxidant effect of individual agents often did not correlate with each other, but citric acid showed both significant antibrowning and antioxidant effects on green tea extract.
Targeting Protein Synthesis in a Myc/mTOR-Driven Model of Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome Delays Its Onset and Prolongs Survival (2011)

Anorexia-cachexia syndrome (ACS) is a major determinant of cancer-related death that causes progressive body weight loss due to depletion of skeletal muscle mass and body fat. Here, we report the development of a novel preclinical murine model of ACS in which lymphomas harbor elevated Myc and activated mTOR signaling. The ACS phenotype in this model correlated with deregulated expression of a number of cytokines, including elevated levels of interleukin-10 which was under the direct translational control of mTOR. Notably, pharmacologic intervention to impair protein synthesis restored cytokine production to near-normal levels, delayed ACS progression, and extended host survival. Together, our findings suggest a new paradigm to treat ACS by strategies which target protein synthesis to block the production of procachexic factors.
Ordering-Based Search: A Simple and Effective Algorithm for Learning\n Bayesian Networks (2012)

One of the basic tasks for Bayesian networks (BNs) is that of learning a\nnetwork structure from data. The BN-learning problem is NP-hard, so the\nstandard solution is heuristic search. Many approaches have been proposed for\nthis task, but only a very small number outperform the baseline of greedy\nhill-climbing with tabu lists; moreover, many of the proposed algorithms are\nquite complex and hard to implement. In this paper, we propose a very simple\nand easy-to-implement method for addressing this task. Our approach is based on\nthe well-known fact that the best network (of bounded in-degree) consistent\nwith a given node ordering can be found very efficiently. We therefore propose\na search not over the space of structures, but over the space of orderings,\nselecting for each ordering the best network consistent with it. This search\nspace is much smaller, makes more global search steps, has a lower branching\nfactor, and avoids costly acyclicity checks. We present results for this\nalgorithm on both synthetic and real data sets, evaluating both the score of\nthe network found and in the running time. We show that ordering-based search\noutperforms the standard baseline, and is competitive with recent algorithms\nthat are much harder to implement.\n
Structural Changes Induced by Pulsed Electric Fields Increase the Concentration of Volatiles Released in Red Onion (Allium cepa L. var. Red Pearl) Bulbs (2019)

This study investigated whether pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment can induce structural changes of whole, intact red onion bulb (<i>Allium cepa</i> L. var. Red Pearl). Onion bulbs were treated at electric field strengths of 0.6 and 1.2 kV/cm combined with energy inputs of 6 and 60 kJ/kg at different onion orientations with respect to the high voltage electrode. Results showed that onion cells across all fleshy scales experienced uniform cell damage with a higher proportion (>80%) of non-metabolically viable cells after PEF treatment at 1.2 kV/cm when the root end was positioned facing toward the PEF electrode. The findings were supported by cryogenic-scanning electron micrographs (cryo-SEM), where the underlying storage circular cells were completely damaged owing to the PEF treatment. In this study, it was found that the treatment intensity of PEF to induce structural damage across all the scale layers of an onion bulb coincided with an increase in dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) released from the onion bulbs. Therefore, DPDS was used as a volatile marker indicating cellular disruption within whole, intact onion bulbs. A considerable increase of DPDS, up to 52-fold, was detected from PEF-treated onion bulbs compared to untreated bulbs.
N-acetyltransferase 2 influences cancer prevalence in hMLH1/hMSH2 mutation carriers. (1999)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome, has been associated with germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Because a deficiency in MMR does not predict a specific cancer phenotype, modifying genes may account in part for the variation in disease expression. We determined the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype in 26 unaffected and 52 cancer-affected hMLH1/hMSH2 mutation carriers coming from 21 Swiss HNPCC families. Slow acetylators were found to be significantly (P < 0.03) more prevalent in the group of affected mutation carriers. Our results suggest a protective effect of the NAT2 rapid acetylator phenotype, an observation that could have implications for genetic counseling and management of MMR gene mutation carriers.
Sicherheitsprobleme für die Augen beim Umgang mit Laserstrahlen (1982)

Laserstrahlen gefährden im Gegensatz zu anderen Strahlungen hauptsächlich die Augen. Die Art der Schädigung hängt von einer so großen Vielfalt von Laserparametern ab, dass zur Vereinfachung die Laser in Gefahrenklassen eingeteilt werden. Damit können entsprechende Schutzmaßnahmen angegeben werden.
Causality in Condensates: Gray Solitons as Relics of BEC Formation (2009)

Symmetry breaking during phase transitions can lead to the formation of topological defects (such as vortex lines in superfluids). However, the usually studied Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have the shape of a cigar, a geometry that impedes vortex formation, survival, and detection. I show that, in elongated traps, one can expect the formation of gray solitons (long-lived, nontopological "phase defects") as a result of the same mechanism. Their number will rise approximately in proportion to the transition rate. This steep rise is due to the increasing size of the region of the BEC cigar where the phase of the condensate wave function is chosen locally (rather than passed on from the already formed BEC).
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Is Strongly Correlated With Apparent Life‐Threatening Events (2016)

Oropharyngeal dysphagia with aspiration is the most common diagnosis identified in infants presenting with ALTEs. The algorithm for ALTE should be revised to include an assessment of VFSS as clinical feeding evaluations are inadequate to assess for aspiration.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Differential Antitumor Activity of Aflibercept and Bevacizumab in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 107K, Genomic characterization of PDX models: 48 PDX tumors comprising similar mutational patterns of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and PTEN have been reported in several other publications.&lt;/p&gt;
Fluidized bed combustion of aluminum smelting waste (1990)

Abstract Pilot tests by Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) have successfully destroyed Spent Potliner (SPL), a hazardous waste by‐product from aluminum smelters. Well known technical challenges such as ash agglomeration, ash leachate control, and off‐gas emission control have been studied and overcome by additives and by special combustion chamber design. Economic evaluation of a 20,000 tons per year (9 megawatt) facility indicates that disposal costs are competitive with land‐based disposal. A 0.5 MW Fluidized Bed Combustor of this design is under construction by Turnpoint Engineering Corporation.
Biodegradation of and tissue reaction to 50:50 poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) microcapsules (1985)

The biodegradation of the copolymer 50:50 poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-lypressin microcapsules was studied by light and electron microscopic methods and 14C release. Intramuscular injection sites of microcapsules in rats were studied by dissecting and conventional light microscopy as well as scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. A minimal localized acute myositis was seen initially at the injection sites. By Day 4, a few small foreign body giant cells were present participating in the minimal foreign body response. Later the inflammatory cells decreased and the individual microcapsules were walled off by immature fibrous connective tissue and large syncytial foreign body giant cells. By Day 35, definitive changes in some microcapsules, consisting of a granular and slightly eroded appearance of the internal matrix, were seen by SEM. By Day 42, the outer rims of the microcapsules were extensively eroded. At Day 56, the inflammatory and connective tissue reactions were almost completely resolved and biodegradation continued so that only remnant pieces of the microcapsules were present at Day 63. The morphologic picture correlated well with loss of 14C radioactivity, which could no longer be detected at the injection sites on Day 56. Phagocytosis did not seem to be an important factor in the biodegradation.
Supplementary Data from Plexin-A4 Mediates Cytotoxic T-cell Trafficking and Exclusion in Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from Plexin-A4 Mediates Cytotoxic T-cell Trafficking and Exclusion in Cancer
Factors Affecting the Survival of Sheep Embryos during Deep‐Freezing and Thawing (1977)

The survival of sheep morulae and early blastocysts after deep freezing has been investigated. With a dimethyl sulphoxide concentration of 1.5 M in a phosphate-buffered saline medium, a freezing rate of 1 degreees C/min down to 120 degees C allowed embryos to survival only if rapid thawing (approximately 360 degrees C/min) was employed, whereas with a freezing rate of 0.3 degrees C/min, survival was obtained with both rapid and slow (10 degrees C or 4 degrees C/min) thawing. With even slower freezing (0.1 degrees C/min over intervals between -30 and -60 degrees C) slow thawing was no longer optional but mandatory. With the latter technique survival rates of the order of 80% were obtained. The results of transfer experiments with frozen-thawed sheep and cattle embryos are briefly presented in an Appendix.
Homoleptic Bismuth Amides (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: Tris(dimethylamino)bismuth[Bi(NMe2)3] Tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]bismuth[Bi{N(SiMe3)2}3]