gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONSEQUENCES OF NITROGEN ADDITIONS FOR SOIL LOSSES FROM WET TROPICAL FORESTS (2005)

Wet tropical forests growing on highly weathered soil, depleted in rock-derived nutrients, yet rich in nitrogen (N), may respond quite differently to anthropogenic N inputs than those growing on younger soils low in N. We evaluated the effects of first-time and long-term N additions on the pattern and regulation of hydrologic N losses from wet tropical forests located at the extreme ends of a soil age and fertility gradient in the Hawaiian Islands. In contrast to our expectations that a N-limited forest on 300-year-old soils would initially retain N inputs, both forests, regardless of soil age or fertility, responded to first-time N additions with immediate and significantly elevated nitrate (NO3−) solution losses. However, patterns of NO3− loss differed markedly between sites and largely reflected differences in hydrological processes due to soil age. In the N-limited forest on young soils, N additions to previously unfertilized soils resulted in significant microbial immobilization of ammonium (NH4+) and small losses as NH4+, whereas N added as NO3− appeared to be free to move in solution. Nitrogen additions to long-term N-fertilized forests (13 years) on young soils significantly increased rates of nitrification, and losses were similar to the total N added during that time period. Poor soil development, and therefore low hydraulic resistance, was a critical factor determining the low NO3−-retention capacity in the young soils. In contrast, first-time N inputs to a N-rich forest on 4.1-million-year-old soils resulted in significantly elevated rates of nitrification, but NO3 losses were more delayed and lower than those from the young soils. The old, highly developed soils offered greater hydraulic resistance to leaching losses as nitrate than the young soils. High anion exchange capacity (AEC) in the subsurface clay horizon of the old soils also appeared to delay NO3− losses. Our findings suggest that responses to N additions in the tropics will vary as a function of soil age, nutrient status, and the form of N added, and that chemical and physical mechanisms may be more important than biological ones in controlling losses. While retention of added N will be determined by the strength of biotic demand (and the ability of plants and microbes to retain these inputs) and the relative strength of other pathways of retention (cation and anion exchange) and loss (denitrification), hydrological properties and flow paths may be the dominant controls determining the residence time and routing of water and nutrients. Nitrate adsorption on anion exchange sites may also serve as an important abiotic mechanism delaying the onset of large NO3− losses from tropical forests receiving elevated anthropogenic N inputs.
Comment on Water Droplet Motion Control on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Exploiting the Wenzel-to-Cassie Transition (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentComment on Water Droplet Motion Control on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Exploiting the Wenzel-to-Cassie TransitionEdward BormashenkoView Author Information Department of Physics, Ariel University Center of Samaria, POB 3, Ariel 40700, IsraelTel: +972-3-9066134. Fax: +972-3-9066621. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Langmuir 2011, 27, 20, 12769–12770Publication Date (Web):September 6, 2011Publication History Received2 August 2011Published online19 September 2011Published inissue 18 October 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la203010dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la203010darticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1518Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (749 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Contact angle,Hysteresis,Liquids,Superhydrophobic surfaces,Wetting Get e-Alerts
Phytochemical profile and gastroprotective potential of Myrcianthes pungens fruits and leaves (2017)

Abstract Background The last decade has been marked by increasing data regarding gastroinstestinal diseases, specially gastritis and ulcer. In order to prevent or treat these diseases, many studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the gastroprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Myrcianthes pungens whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves. Methods The methanolic extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to detect the presence of phenolic compounds by direct comparison with an authentic sample. To evaluate the gastroprotective activity, two experimental models were used: acute ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl and acute ulcer model induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin). Animals were divided in different groups ( n = 6) and pretreated orally with the methanolic extracts of M. pungens at doses of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg, the positive control (cimetidine 100 mg/kg) and negative control (distilled water). Results The TLC analysis indicated the presence of the flavonoids quercetin and quercitrin in the leaves, quercetin in the peel, and catechin and epicatechin in the leaves and seeds of M. pungens . The extracts of leaves, peel, and pulp showed significant gastroprotective potential regarding the relative area of the lesion observed only in acute ulcer model induced by ethanol. The extracts of whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves showed significant gastroprotective potential observed in acute ulcer induced by indomethacin model. Conclusions The gastroprotective activity can be related with the presence of some phenolic compounds identified in phytochemical analysis.
Performance modeling of window based flow control in a multihop packet radio LAN (2002)

A hybrid model is used to evaluate the end-to-end performance of a multihop packet radio LAN, operating under a window based flow control mechanism. The model consists of radio data-link layer, transport layer, and application layer queuing representations. The radio data-link layer is modeled by using a simulator, written for a specific CSMA-type channel access algorithm. A multichain closed queuing network for the virtual circuit based end-to-end model is solved using an approximate mean value analysis (MVA) algorithm with modified convergence schemes. Network performance measures such as end-to-end delivery delay and throughput are computed from the analysis of the hybrid model. How the network bottleneck drifts around the network with varying application service times of the terminal radio stations is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In silico functional analyses and discovery of survivalassociated microRNA signatures in pediatric osteosarcoma (2014)

Our findings suggested that these miRs might be potentially useful as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in pediatric osteosarcoma.
Systematics of Collared Snakes and Burrowing ASPS (Aparallactinae and Atractaspidinae) (Squamata: Lamprophiidae) (2017)

The Subfamilies Aparallactinae (collared snakes) and Atractaspidinae (burrowing asps) occur in multiple habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and they include multiple poorly studied genera. The monophyly of these groups are well established, but relationships within the subfamilies are poorly known. My study contains samples from six of eight aparallactine genera, and both atractaspidine genera in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. I employed concatenated gene-tree analyses, divergence dating approaches, ancestral-area reconstructions, ancestral-state reconstructions, morphological analyses, and taxonomic assessments to infer phylogenies, biogeographic patterns, and evolutionary histories with a multi-locus data set consisting of three mitochondrial (16S, cyt b, and ND4) and two nuclear genes (c-mos and RAG1). Diversification occurred predominantly during the Miocene, with a few speciation events occurring during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Biogeographic analyses suggested that the Zambezian biogeographic region composed of grasslands and woodlands, facilitated radiations, vicariance, and dispersal for many aparallactines. Moreover, the ranges of many forest species were fragmented during xeric and cooler conditions, thus aiding in diversification events. Biogeographic patterns of aparallactine and atractaspidine snakes were consistent with previous studies on other sub-Saharan herpetofauna. Ancestral-state reconstructions suggested the ancestor to collared snakes and burrowing asps was rear-fanged with a broad diet. Multiple fang types have rapidly evolved within burrowing asps, allowing these snakes to exploit specific prey items. Additionally, current classification of collared snakes and burrowing asps is insufficient; herein a taxonomic revision was conducted including the description of two new species, the first collared snakes to be described in over 40 years.
Effect Of Orientation On Bulk And Surface Properties Of Sn-Doped Hematite (Α-Fe2O3) Heteroepitaxial Thin Film Photoanodes (2016)

The orientation dependence on the photoelectrochemical properties of Sn-doped hematite photoanodes was studied by means of heteroepitaxial film growth. Nb-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> (NTO) was first grown heteroepitaxially on <em>c</em>, <em>a</em>, <em>r</em>, and <em>m</em> plane single crystal sapphire substrates in three different orientations. Hematite was then grown in the (001), (110), and (100) orientations on the NTO films. The structural, morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of the photoelectrodes were studied. The hematite photoanodes possessed high crystallinity and smooth surfaces. Hole scavenger measurements made in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-containing electrolyte revealed that the flux of photogenerated holes arriving at the surface was not significantly affected by orientation. Cathodic shifts in the onset potential for water photo-oxidation of up to 170 mV were observed for (110) and (100) oriented hematite photoanodes as compared to (001) oriented films. These results suggest that varying the orientation of heteroepitaxial thin film Sn-doped hematite photoelectrodes primarily affects charge transfer into the electrolyte arising from the surface properties of the different crystal faces rather than affecting hole transport through the bulk under illumination. Electrochemical techniques were then used to probe the existence of surface states which were found to vary with both exposed crystal face as well as foreign dopant inclusion. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements revealed correlation between the work function of the hematite films (measured in air) and the flat-band and onset potentials for water photo-oxidation (in alkaline aqueous solution). This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Physical Chemistry C, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10033
Convolutional neural network for real-time main transformer detection (2022)

Abstract For substation constructions, the main transformer is the dominant electrical equipment, and its arrival and operation affect the progress of project directly. In the context of smart grid construction, in order to improve the efficiency of real-time main transformer detection, this paper proposes an identification and detection method based on the SSD algorithm. The SSD algorithm is able to extract the target device (such as main transformer) accurately and the Lenet algorithm module can analyse the features contained in the image. To improve the accuracy of the detection method, the image migration algorithm of VGG-Net is used to expand the negative samples of main transformers to improve the generalisation of the algorithm. Finally, the image set collected in the real substation projects is used for validation, and result shows that the method identifies main transformers more accurately, with high effectiveness and feasibility.
The Million Dollar Question: Which Geophysical Methods Locate Caves Best Over the Edwards Aquifer? A Potpourri of Case Studies from San Antonio and Austin, Texas, USA (2015)

The existence of caves represents a hazard for urban areas. Therefore it is important to know the size, position and depth of caves before building or reconstruction. Cavity imaging using geophysical surveys has become common in the San Antonio area since early 2000 although their use has been going on in other parts of country for the last 25 years. It appears from these studies that the resistivity imaging method has been the primary technique among others, such as gravity, ground penetrating radar (GPR), magnetic, conductivity, and self-potential (natural potential). This study mainly describes resistivity imaging and natural potential data (NP), and some other geophysical data collected over several known and unknown caves during the study between the years of 2000 and 2015. All caves but one was encountered through drilling and/or excavation for building and utility lines or power pole reconstructions. The study area falls into the part of the Recharge Zone of the Edwards Aquifer region and it represents a well- developed karstified and faulted limestone in the Austin and San Antonio areas. 2D resistivity imaging data is presented as a colored 2-D electrical image of subsurface (i.e. a vertical cross section of the distribution of subsurface resistivity). Such a display section indicates low, medium, and high resistivity areas and the structural configuration of the subsurface geology. Based on our 15 years of experience working with resistivity data, we like to indicate that all range of resistivity values (low to high) can cause caves and voids. However, purely air-filled cavities cause high resistivity anomalies whereas clay-filled caves are the source of low resistivity anomalies. But it is rarely that caves are purely filled with air. A variety of sediments accumulates in caves and can be preserved more or less intact for long periods of time. Presence of sand and gravel and clay deposits, mineralization, faults and fractures, perched water in caves are the rules rather than the exception. It is clear from this body of work over the 15 years that the resistivity method does not always successfully delineate the location of caves and other karstic features. However, it provides significant information on the near-surface geology and geological structure. The NP data, on the other hand, notably defines the location of karstic features. This study thus demonstrates that the resistivity method is not always a reliable predictive technique, but is useful in karst terrains to cover large areas quickly and, the merits of integrating natural potential method, in order to reduce the ambiguity in the interpretation, are quite evident from the case studies.
Supplementary Load Frequency Control by Use of a Number of Both Electric Vehicles and Heat Pump Water Heaters (2012)

A large integration of renewable energy sources such as wind power generation and photovoltaic generation causes some problems in power systems, e.g., distribution voltage rise and frequency fluctuation. Battery energy storage system (BESS) is one of the effective solutions to these problems. Due to a high cost of the BESS, an application of controllable loads such as electric vehicle (EV) and heat pump water heater (HPWH) to the power system control is considered in this paper for reduction of the required capacity of the BESS. This paper proposes a new supplementary load frequency control (LFC) method by use of a number of both the EVs and the HPWHs as controllable loads. The effectiveness of the proposed LFC method is shown by numerical simulations conducted on the power system model with a large integration of wind power generation and photovoltaic generation.
Critical assessment of the automated AutoDock as a new docking tool for virtual screening (2006)

A major problem in virtual screening concerns the accuracy of the binding free energy between a target protein and a putative ligand. Here we report an example supporting the outperformance of the AutoDock scoring function in virtual screening in comparison to the other popular docking programs. The original AutoDock program is in itself inefficient to be used in virtual screening because the grids of interaction energy have to be calculated for each putative ligand in chemical database. However, the automation of the AutoDock program with the potential grids defined in common for all putative ligands leads to more than twofold increase in the speed of virtual database screening. The utility of the automated AutoDock in virtual screening is further demonstrated by identifying the actual inhibitors of various target enzymes in chemical databases with accuracy higher than the other docking tools including DOCK and FlexX. These results exemplify the usefulness of the automated AutoDock as a new promising tool in structure-based virtual screening.
Robust Image Registration for Improved Clinical Efficiency : Using Local Structure Analysis and Model-Based Processing (2013)

Medical imaging plays an increasingly important role in modern healthcare. In medical imaging, it is often relevant to relate different images to each other, something which can prove challenging, since there rarely exists a pre-defined mapping between the pixels in different images. Hence, there is a need to find such a mapping/transformation, a procedure known as image registration. Over the years, image registration has been proved useful in a number of clinical situations. Despite this, current use of image registration in clinical practice is rather limited, typically only used for image fusion. The limited use is, to a large extent, caused by excessive computation times, lack of established validation methods/metrics and a general skepticism toward the trustworthiness of the estimated transformations in deformable image registration. This thesis aims to overcome some of the issues limiting the use of image registration, by proposing a set of technical contributions and two clinical applications targeted at improved clinical efficiency. The contributions are made in the context of a generic framework for non-parametric image registration and using an image
Human corneal cell culture models for drug toxicity studies (2016)

In vivo toxicity and absorption studies of topical ocular drugs are problematic, because these studies involve invasive tissue sampling and toxic effects in animal models. Therefore, different human corneal models ranging from simple monolayer cultures to three-dimensional models have been developed for toxicological prediction with in vitro models. Each system has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Use of non-corneal cells, inadequate characterization of gene-expression profiles, and accumulation of genomic aberrations in human corneal models are typical drawbacks that decrease their reliability and predictive power. In the future, further improvements are needed for verifying comparable expression profiles and cellular properties of human corneal models with their in vivo counterparts. A rapidly expanding stem cell technology combined with tissue engineering may give future opportunities to develop new tools in drug toxicity studies. One approach may be the production of artificial miniature corneas. In addition, there is also a need to use large-scale profiling approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for understanding of the ocular toxicity.
Generalized scattering matrices for unit cell characterization of grid amplifiers and device de-embedding (2002)

Amplifying grid arrays, consisting of periodic unit cells loaded with active devices such as HEMTs, are currently being developed for high frequency quasi-optical use. Motivation for their development includes the inherent advantages of an approach that employs spatial power combining and spatial amplification. Thus, losses between multistage amplifiers are virtually eliminated. Also due to the spatial combining, the phase of the array is determined by the phase of the incident wave which is then amplified by the planar circuit. This eliminates the need for complex phase shifters and the associated lines for independent element control. Other advantages include the existence of graceful degradation when failures occur. Typically, a unit cell of these planar arrays has been analyzed using quasi-static transmission line approaches. This approach is used due to its simplicity and the easy addition of the port locations required by the active devices. The benefit of a grid amplifier design at high frequency is limited by this approach which may ignore strong mutual coupling or surface waves present at higher frequencies. Based on more conventional periodic array analysis, the method described extended the generalized scattering matrix approach to include the port locations of the device. This allows accurate inclusion of the effects of the mutual coupling between elements, the presence of bias lines, ground planes, and superstrates/substrates. In addition this numerically generated scattering matrix can be combined with the conventional scattering matrix of the device to form a composite matrix of a grid amplifier.
Monitoring eye movements as an evaluation of synthesized speech (2004)

We describe a novel empirical method for synthesized speech evaluation that relies on monitoring participant eye movements as they respond to spoken instructions in a visual workspace. We use instruction sets generated with two different text-to-speech synthesizers and a human voice for baseline comparison. We replicate findings demonstrating incremental processing for natural speech and at the same time demonstrate incremental processing for synthesized speech for both lexical and discourse-level processing. Results reveal differences in the time course of processing between natural and synthesized voices as well as between the two synthesized voices. These results, including the detection of subtle processing differences between voices, demonstrate the potential for eye movement monitoring as a promising new methodology that provides an on-line measure of synthesized speech processing more fine-grained than possible with techniques used to date.