gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Riding the data tsunami in the cloud: myths and challenges in future wireless access (2013)

Data rates of mobile communications have increased dramatically during the last decade. The industry predicts an exponential increase of data traffic that would correspond to a 1000-fold increase in traffic between 2010 and 2020. These figures are very similar to ones reported during the last Internet boom. In this article we assess the realism of these assumptions. We conjecture that wireless and mobile Internet access will emerge as a dominant technology. A necessary prerequisite for this development is that wireless access is abundant and becomes (almost) free. A consequence is that the projected capacity increase must be provided at the same cost and energy consumption as today. We explore technical and architectural solutions that have realistic possibility to achieve these targets. We ask if Moore's law, which has successfully predicted the tremendous advances in computing and signal processing, will also save the day for high-speed wireless access. We argue that further improvements of the PHY layer are possible, but it is unlikely that this alone provides a viable path. The exponential traffic increase has to be matched mainly by increasing the density of the access networks as well as providing a modest amount of extra spectrum. Thus, the future research challenges are in designing energy- and cost-efficient short-range architectures and systems that support super-dense deployments. A non-technical complication is that such infrastructures are likely to lead to highly fragmented markets with a large number of operators and infrastructure owners.
Monocerin, a Phytotoxin fromExserohilum turcicum(≡Drechslera turcica) (1982)

Journal Article Monocerin, a Phytotoxin from Exserohilum turcicum (≡ Drechslera turcica) Get access D J Robeson, D J Robeson Department of Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G A Strobel G A Strobel Department of Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 11, 1 November 1982, Pages 2681–2683, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865494 Published: 01 November 1982 Article history Received: 11 January 1982 Published: 01 November 1982
Anti-ToxoplasmaActivity of Estragole and Thymol in Murine Models of Congenital and Noncongenital Toxoplasmosis (2016)

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii , an obligatory intracellular protozoan. Normally benign, T. gondii infections can cause devastating disease in immunosuppressed patients and through congenital infection of newborn babies. Few prophylactic and therapeutic drugs are available to treat these infections. The goal of the present study was to assess the anti-Toxoplasma effects in a congenital and noncongenital model of toxoplasmosis (using ME49 strain), besides assessing immunological changes, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo acute toxicity of commercial estragole and thymol. The congenital experimental model was used with intermediate stages of maternal infection. The serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were quantified from infected and treated C57Bl/6 mice. Estragole and thymol respectively exhibited low to moderate in vivo toxicity and cytotoxicity. Animals treated with estragole showed high IFN-γ and strong type 1 helper T cell response. Both compounds were active against T. gondii ME49 strain. Furthermore, orally administered estragole in infected pregnant mice improved the weight of offspring compared with untreated controls. Subcutaneous administration of both compounds also increased the weight of mouse offspring born to infected mothers, compared with untreated controls. Estragole and thymol display important anti-Toxoplasma activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds.
Panchromatic absorbers for solar light-harvesting (2014)

A set of panchromatic absorbers exhibiting long excited-state lifetimes in both polar and nonpolar media has been prepared. The architectures are based on a porphyrin strongly coupled electronically to 1-4 perylene-monoimides via ethyne linkers. The constructs should find utility in molecular solar-conversion systems.
An anatomically accurate and personalizable head injury model: Significance of brain and white matter tract morphological variability on strain (2020)

Abstract Finite element head (FE) models are important numerical tools to study head injuries and develop protection systems. The generation of anatomically accurate and subject-specific head models with conforming hexahedral meshes remains a significant challenge. The focus of this study is to present two developmental work: First, an anatomically detailed FE head model with conforming hexahedral meshes that has smooth interfaces between the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid, embedded with white matter (WM) fiber tracts; Second, a morphing approach for subject-specific head model generation via a new hierarchical image registration pipeline integrating Demons and Dramms deformable registration algorithms. The performance of the head model is evaluated by comparing model predictions with experimental data of brain-skull relative motion, brain strain, and intracranial pressure. To demonstrate the applicability of the head model and the pipeline, six subject-specific head models of largely varying intracranial volume and shape are generated, incorporated with subject-specific WM fiber tracts. DICE similarity coefficients for cranial, brain mask, local brain regions, and lateral ventricles are calculated to evaluate personalization accuracy, demonstrating the efficiency of the pipeline in generating detailed subject-specific head models achieving satisfactory element quality without further mesh repairing. The six head models are then subjected to the same concussive loading to study sensitivity of brain strain to inter-subject variability of the brain and WM fiber morphology. The simulation results show significant differences in maximum principal strain (MPS) and axonal strain (MAS) in local brain regions (one-way ANOVA test, p&lt;0.001), as well as their locations also vary among the subjects, demonstrating the need to further investigate the significance of subject-specific models. The techniques developed in this study may contribute to better evaluation of individual brain injury and development of individualized head protection systems in the future. This study also contains general aspects the research community may find useful: on the use of experimental brain strain close to or at injury level for head model validation; the hierarchical image registration pipeline can be used to morph other head models, such as smoothed-voxel models.
Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks opinion on: Risk Assessment Report on 2-NITROTOLUENE Environmental Part CAS No.: 88-72-2 EINECS No.: 201-853-3 (2006)

Adopted by the SCHER during the 13th plenary of 19 September 2006
In vivo PDT dosimetry: singlet oxygen emission and photosensitizer fluorescence (2010)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light activated chemotherapy that is dependent on three parameters: photosensitizer (PS) concentration; oxygen concentration; and light dosage. Due to highly variable treatment response, the development of an accurate dosimeter to optimize PDT treatment outcome is an important requirement for practical applications. Singlet oxygen is an active species in PDT, and we are developing two instruments, an ultra-sensitive singlet oxygen point sensor and a 2D imager, with the goal of a real-time dosimeter for PDT researchers. The 2D imaging system can visualize spatial maps of both the singlet oxygen production and the location of the PS in a tumor during PDT. We have detected the production of singlet oxygen during PDT treatments with both <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> studies. Effects of photobleaching have also been observed. These results are promising for the development of the sensor as a real-time dosimeter for PDT which would be a valuable tool for PDT research and could lead to more effective treatment outcome. We summarize recent results in this paper.
HYPERACCUMULATION OF NICKEL BY ARENARIA RUBELLA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) FROM WASHINGTON STATE (1993)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Comparison of Long vs. Short Leg Casts for Distal Third Tibial Shaft Fractures in Children (2021)

Background/Purpose:Long leg casts (LLC) with delayed weight-bearing is an established treatment for pediatric tibial shaft fractures including fractures involving the distal third. There is a paucity of literature assessing the use of SLC for tibial shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine if SLC and early weight-bearing was as effective as LLC with delayed weight-bearing for the treatment of pediatric distal third tibial shaft fractures. Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive distal third tibial shaft fractures treated at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2015 to 2018. Exclusion criteria included midshaft and proximal fractures of the tibia, distal fractures that violated the tibial physis or plafond, and pathologic fractures. We compared primary outcomes of time to weight-bearing, time to union, and final angulation between LLC and SLC groups. Results:Eighty-five patients aged 5 to 17 years (mean age 9.2±3.2 years) met inclusion criteria, including 50 LLC and 35 SLC patients. Fracture type (p=0.14), presence of associated fibula fracture (p=0.49), open fracture (p=0.46), and injury mechanism (p=0.18) were similar between the two groups. Time to weight-bearing for SLC (3.3±0.6 weeks) was shorter compared to LLC (6.4±0.7 weeks, p&lt;0.0001). Overall, fractures treated with SLC had a shorter time to union (7.4±0.9 weeks) compared to LLC (9.0±0.9 weeks, p=0.026) without differences in final angulation (p=0.54). There was a higher percentage of cast complications in the LLC treatment group (12%) compared to SLC (6%). Conclusion:SLC with early weight-bearing demonstrated earlier time to weight-bearing and shorter time to fracture union when compared to LLC. Surgeons should consider SLC and early weight-bearing for the treatment of distal third tibial shaft fractures in children.
Mission Driven Scene Understanding: Dynamic Environments (2016)

Abstract : Knowledge of how time and space changing environmental conditions cause changes in the context of images is necessary for scene understanding. Such dynamic environmental conditions (e.g., changing illumination, precipitation, and vegetation) can modify saliency and context, obscure features, and degrade object recognition. Here, context means more than the typically referenced attributes, content, or composition of an outdoor scene. For Army applications, scene understanding needs to be viewed in the context of providing optimal value to the Army mission. Then, for example, helpful image cues that relate to mission activities may include time of day, current and future weather conditions, visibility, terrain, and scene location. In this report, we outline progress toward implementing our mission driven scene understanding approach to advance the value of Army autonomous intelligent systems. We describe the proof-of-principle installation, setup, and testing of a convolutional neural network (CNN) program developed in Python and all its required software dependencies. While we found that the CNN was able to determine the correct class labels for images taken from the training data set, the validation process did not appear to provide optimal results for images not previously seen. Thus, we recommend performing additional trials and analysis to better determine the feasibility of using the CNN to augment our approach.
Robert Southey and the Origins of Pantisocracy (1992)

On 13 February 1817 Sherwood, Neely and Jones published without authority the first edition of Southey’s tragedy Wat Tyler, written at the peak of his revolutionary career in 1794. Southey, who had been Poet Laureate since 1813, at first pretended to be ‘very little concerned at this dirty transaction’, as he told John Murray. But by 9 April he had applied for an injunction to restrain the publishers, ‘the case being as plain as day light, that the property was mine’ (Curry, ii. 151, 153).1 That, of course, was exactly the problem. Wat Tyler appeared as an unwelcome reminder of the republican politics of his youth, and the revelation that the ‘Ultra-royalist’ Laureate had once been an ‘Ultra-jacobin’ produced a fierce controversy in newspapers, pamphlets, and in the House of Commons.
Extraction of the multiple scattering contribution in weakly scattering media: Application to human soft tissues (2008)

Waves scattered by a weakly scattering random medium contain a predominant single scattering contribution as well as a multiple scattering contribution which is usually neglected. But its investigation can be fruitful for characterization purposes because it provides measurements of statistical parameters such as the scattering mean free path. Our aim is to extract the multiple scattering contribution in a weakly scattering random medium. The experimental set up consists in an array of programmable transducers placed in front of the sample. The impulse responses between each couple of transducers are measured and form the interelement matrix. Our technique allows the extraction of multiple scattering signals by taking advantage of their randomness, contrary to single scattering contributions which are shown to exhibit a deterministic coherence along the antidiagonals of the array response matrix, whatever the distribution of scatterers. To illustrate the interest of this technique, we applied it to a synthetic medium (Agar gel) and to breast tissues. Surprisingly, the multiple scattering contribution is far from negligible in the breast around 4.3 MHz. The temporal evolution of its intensity can provide a new tool to complete information provided by standard echography; it also constitutes an experimental test of the Born approximation.
Diagnosis of helicopter gearboxes using structure-based network (2005)

A connectionist network is introduced for fault diagnosis of helicopter gearboxes that incorporates knowledge of the gearbox structure and characteristics of the vibration features as its fuzzy weights. Diagnosis is performed by propagating the abnormal features of vibration measurements through this structure-based connectionist network (SBCN), the outputs of which represent the fault possibility values for individual components of the gearbox. The performance of this network is evaluated by applying it to experimental vibration data from an OH-58A helicopter gearbox. The diagnostic results indicate that the network performance is comparable to those obtained from supervised pattern classification.
Deciphering a Pharmacophore Network: A Case Study Using BCR-ABL Data (2022)

This paper introduces a general method that can be used to create groups of pharmacophores to support their further in-depth analysis. A BCR-ABL molecular dataset was used to calculate graph edit distances between pharmacophores and led to their organization into a novel pharmacophore network. The application of a graph layout algorithm allowed us to discriminate between the pharmacophores associated with active compounds and those associated with inactive compounds. A clustering approach was used to refine the partitioning by grouping the pharmacophores based on their structures, activities, and binding modes. Analysis of a newly spatialized pharmacophore network provided us with critical insight into structure-activity relationships, most notably those that revealed distinctions between activity classes and chemical families. As shown, this method permits us to identify families of structurally homogeneous pharmacophores.
Tyrosol Derivatives, Bearing 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazole and 1,4-Disubstituted Triazole, as Potential Antileukemia Agents by Promoting Apoptosis (2022)

In the present study, we assess tyrosol derivatives bearing 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles and 1,4-disubstituted triazoles for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells derived from leukemia as well as primary chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 15 CML patients including 10 patients with untreated chronic phase and 5 patients with resistance against imatinib or multiple TKI. Our results showed that most derivatives displayed significant anti-proliferative activity against K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, compounds <b>3d</b> and <b>4a</b> exhibited greater potent anticancer activity with respective IC<sub>50</sub> values of 16 and 18 µg/mL (45 µM and 61 µM). Interestingly, compound <b>3d</b> inhibited CML cell proliferation not only in newly diagnosed but also in imatinib-resistant patients. We demonstrated that the anti-proliferative effect of this compound is mediated by a pro-apoptotic activity by promoting oxidative stress and modulating the activity of the Akt, p38 MAPK and Erk 1/2 pathways. In conclusion, our data highlight the potential of this class of derivative as a novel promising therapeutic agent for CML therapy.
Mesoscale Modeling of a Li-Ion Polymer Cell (2007)

Finite element models of a three-dimensional, porous cathode were constructed and analyzed by the COMSOL multiphysics package version 3.2.Four types of cathode active material particles, arranged in both regular and random arrays, were modeled.Experimental studies of Li/PEO-LiClO 4 /Li 1+x Mn 2 O 4 where 0 x 1 were used to validate simulation results.Two parameters, Li ion diffusivity into Li 1+x Mn 2 O 4 particles, and contact resistance at the interface between cathode particles and the current collector, were obtained by curve-fitting discharge curves of simulation results of regular array models, with Li 1+x Mn 2 O 4 particles 3.6 m with experimental results.Diffusivities of Li ions were found to be 4 10 -13 , 6 10 -13 , 1 10 -12 , and 5 10 -12 cm 2 /s for Li 1+x Mn 2 O 4 particles sintered at 800, 600, 500, and 450C, respectively.Contact resistances were found to be 3.5 cm 2 for Li 1+x Mn 2 O 4 particles prepared at 600 and 800C, and 10.5 cm 2 for particles prepared at 450 and 500C.Regular arrays were shown to increase achievable capacity from 5 to 50% of the theoretical capacity, compared with random arrays, at C/10 for samples sintered at 500C.Smaller particle sizes of active material particles were also shown to be beneficial for high power density applications and for low diffusivity active materials.
A day in the life of a children's nurse (2000)

Practice development posts have evolved in the past decade since the demise of the Clinical Nurse Manager role. The Practice Development Adviser supports and facilitates clinical practice innovations with the aim of improving the quality of patient-focused care. Clinicians are encouraged to utilise ward-based clinical developments as an integral part of a course leading to academic qualifications. This article shares examples of clinical practice developments facilitated for a group, an individual clinician and on-going innovations.
Indeterminacy, monitors, and dataflow (1977)

The work described in this paper began with a desire to include some linguistic concept of a resource manager within a dataflow language we have been designing [AGP76]. In doing so, we discovered that dataflow monitors (resource managers) provide a natural way of thinking about resources and especially their scheduling. Dataflow semantics are based upon a program composed of asynchronous operators interconnected by lines along which data tokens (messages) flow, such that when all of the input tokens for a given operator have arrived then that operator may fire (execute) by absorbing the input tokens, computing, and producing an output token as its result. These operations closely match one's intuitive model of resource managers (operators) passing signals (tokens) to one another for the purpose of synchronizing and scheduling resource usage. Previously though, dataflow languages [D73, K73, W75] have dealt only with the expression of highly asynchronous yet determinate computations; however, resource management characteristically involves indeterminate computation. The introduction here of dataflow monitors and an explicit nondeterministic merge operator for dataflow streams makes dataflow very well suited for expressing interprocess communication and operations on resources.
Impact in Scotland of UK and EC Sewage Legislation (1992)

ABSTRACT The EC Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment has far‐reaching financial and technological implications for local authorities in Scotland which are responsible for sewerage. Increased capital consent limits and additional financial assistance from central government are essential if the requirements of the legislation are to be met. Although the Directive is welcomed in general terms, the sections of the legislation dealing with the identification of sensitive waters and the provision of primary treatment for coastal discharges to less sensitive waters are of limited environmental significance in Scotland. The elimination of sewage sludge disposal at sea will create severe difficulties for Scottish authorities as a high percentage of sewage sludge is currently disposed of at sea. Each of the main alternative disposal options presents environmental, financial and technical problems and, in the case of incineration, the certainty of widespread unpopularity with the public.
Plasma dye coating as straightforward and widely applicable procedure for dye immobilization on polymeric materials (2018)

Here, we introduce a novel concept for the fabrication of colored materials with significantly reduced dye leaching through covalent immobilization of the desired dye using plasma-generated surface radicals. This plasma dye coating (PDC) procedure immobilizes a pre-adsorbed layer of a dye functionalized with a radical sensitive group on the surface through radical addition caused by a short plasma treatment. The non-specific nature of the plasma-generated surface radicals allows for a wide variety of dyes including azobenzenes and sulfonphthaleins, functionalized with radical sensitive groups to avoid significant dye degradation, to be combined with various materials including PP, PE, PA6, cellulose, and PTFE. The wide applicability, low consumption of dye, relatively short procedure time, and the possibility of continuous PDC using an atmospheric plasma reactor make this procedure economically interesting for various applications ranging from simple coloring of a material to the fabrication of chromic sensor fabrics as demonstrated by preparing a range of halochromic materials.
Machine learning for predicting cardiac events: what does the future hold? (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: With the increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases, better risk-prediction models for cardiovascular events are needed. Statistical-based risk-prediction models for cardiovascular events (CVEs) are available, but they lack the ability to predict individual-level risk. Machine learning (ML) methods are especially equipped to handle complex data and provide accurate risk-prediction models at the individual level.<b>Areas covered</b>: In this review, the authors summarize the literature comparing the performance of machine learning methods to that of traditional, statistical-based models in predicting CVEs. They provide a brief summary of ML methods and then discuss risk-prediction models for CVEs such as major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure and arrhythmias.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Current evidence supports the superiority of ML methods over statistical-based models in predicting CVEs. Statistical models are applicable at the population level and are subject to overfitting, while ML methods can provide an individualized risk level for CVEs. Further prospective research on ML-guided treatments to prevent CVEs is needed.