gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional profiling of collimated radio‐frequency orbital angular momentum beams (2020)

The use of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in radio communication is thought to enhance capacity. This work focuses on using the l = +1 mode transmitted from a 180 mm diameter, 8‐element circular antenna array. The transmitted OAM beam was collimated by using a spherical mirror and the intensity and phase were investigated. A xyz scanning stage was used to profile the propagating OAM beam in three dimensions, resulting in a detailed investigation into the effects of collimation on the OAM beam. The proposed system was shown to reduce the beam divergence from 36.6° to 1.2°, without affecting the OAM mode purity of the beam for a frequency range of 4–6 GHz. This investigation showed a step towards realising practical control over the divergence of OAM‐carrying beams.
Keratinocyte growth factor induces angiogenesis and protects endothelial barrier function (1999)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), also called fibroblast growth factor-7, is widely known as a paracrine growth and differentiation factor that is produced by mesenchymal cells and has been thought to act specifically on epithelial cells. Here it is shown to affect a new cell type, the microvascular endothelial cell. At subnanomolar concentrations KGF induced in vivo neovascularization in the rat cornea. In vitro it was not effective against endothelial cells cultured from large vessels, but did act directly on those cultured from small vessels, inducing chemotaxis with an ED50 of 0.02-0.05 ng/ml, stimulating proliferation and activating mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). KGF also helped to maintain the barrier function of monolayers of capillary but not aortic endothelial cells, protecting against hydrogen peroxide and vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) induced increases in permeability with an ED50 of 0.2-0.5 ng/ml. These newfound abilities of KGF to induce angiogenesis and to stabilize endothelial barriers suggest that it functions in microvascular tissue as it does in epithelial tissues to protect them against mild insults and to speed their repair after major damage.
Segmentation of color images based on the gravitational clustering concept (1998)

A new clustering algorithm derived from the Markovian model of the gravitational clustering concept is proposed that works in the RGB measurement space for color image. To enable the model to be applicable in image segmentation, the new algorithm imposes a clustering constraint at each clustering iteration to control and determine the formation of multiple clusters. Using such constraint to limit the attraction between clusters, a termination condition can be easily defined. The new clustering algorithm is evaluated objectively and subjectively on three different images against the K-means clustering algorithm, the recursive histogram clustering algorithm for color (also known as the multi-spectral thresholding), the Hedley-Yan algorithm, and the widely used seed-based region growing algorithm. From the evaluation, it is observed that the new algorithm exhibits the following characteristics: (1) its objective measurement figures are comparable with the best in this group of segmentation algorithms; (2) it generates smoother region boundaries; (3) the segmented boundaries align closely with the original boundaries; and (4) it forms a meaningful number of segmented regions. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Affine Analysis of Image Sequences (1995)

Computer vision is a rapidly growing field which aims to make computers 'see' as effectively as humans. In this book Dr Shapiro presents a new computer vision framework for interpreting time-varying imagery. This is an important task, since movement reveals valuable information about the environment. The fully-automated system operates on long, monocular image sequences containing multiple, independently-moving objects, and demonstrates the practical feasibility of recovering scene structure and motion in a bottom-up fashion. Real and synthetic examples are given throughout, with particular emphasis on image coding applications. Novel theory is derived in the context of the affine camera, a generalisation of the familiar scaled orthographic model. Analysis proceeds by tracking 'corner features' through successive frames and grouping the resulting trajectories into rigid objects using new clustering and outlier rejection techniques. The three-dimensional motion parameters are then computed via 'affine epipolar geometry', and 'affine structure' is used to generate alternative views of the object and fill in partial views. The use of all available features (over multiple frames) and the incorporation of statistical noise properties substantially improves existing algorithms, giving greater reliability and reduced noise sensitivity.
Error and erasure control (d,k) block codes (1991)

New combinatorial and algebraic techniques are presented for systematically different (d,k) block codes capable of detecting and correcting single bit-errors, single-peak shift-errors, double adjacent-errors and multiple adjacent erasures. Constructions utilizing channel side information, such as the magnetic recording ternary channel output string, or erasures, do not impose any restriction on The k-constraint, while some of the other constructions require k=2d. Due to the small and fixed number of redundant bits, the rates of both classes of constructions can be made to approach the capacity of the d-constrained channel for long codeword lengths. All the codes can be encoded and decoded with simple, structured logic circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
pTyr421 Cortactin Is Overexpressed in Colon Cancer and Is Dephosphorylated by Curcumin: Involvement of Non-Receptor Type 1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPN1) (2014)

Cortactin (CTTN), first identified as a major substrate of the Src tyrosine kinase, actively participates in branching F-actin assembly and in cell motility and invasion. CTTN gene is amplified and its protein is overexpressed in several types of cancer. The phosphorylated form of cortactin (pTyr(421)) is required for cancer cell motility and invasion. In this study, we demonstrate that a majority of the tested primary colorectal tumor specimens show greatly enhanced expression of pTyr(421)-CTTN, but no change at the mRNA level as compared to healthy subjects, thus suggesting post-translational activation rather than gene amplification in these tumors. Curcumin (diferulolylmethane), a natural compound with promising chemopreventive and chemosensitizing effects, reduced the indirect association of cortactin with the plasma membrane protein fraction in colon adenocarcinoma cells as measured by surface biotinylation, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting. Curcumin significantly decreased the pTyr(421)-CTTN in HCT116 cells and SW480 cells, but was ineffective in HT-29 cells. Curcumin physically interacted with PTPN1 tyrosine phosphatases to increase its activity and lead to dephosphorylation of pTyr(421)-CTTN. PTPN1 inhibition eliminated the effects of curcumin on pTyr(421)-CTTN. Transduction with adenovirally-encoded CTTN increased migration of HCT116, SW480, and HT-29. Curcumin decreased migration of HCT116 and SW480 cells which highly express PTPN1, but not of HT-29 cells with significantly reduced endogenous expression of PTPN1. Curcumin significantly reduced the physical interaction of CTTN and pTyr(421)-CTTN with p120 catenin (CTNND1). Collectively, these data suggest that curcumin is an activator of PTPN1 and can reduce cell motility in colon cancer via dephosphorylation of pTyr(421)-CTTN which could be exploited for novel therapeutic approaches in colon cancer therapy based on tumor pTyr(421)-CTTN expression.
A novel microwave omnidirectional antenna for wireless communications (2002)

A novel microwave omnidirectional antenna is proposed in this paper for wireless communications. This antenna is constructed with cavity-restrained multi-stacked dielectric disks. Vertical polarized omnidirectional radiation patterns are obtained from radiative ring slots in the side wall of dielectric-metal cavities operating on TM/sub 01/spl delta// mode. High omnidirectional gain is realized with stacked cavities with multi-radiative slots. Ring slots between the adjacent cavities are used to enhance the excitation of the desired radiating mode in phase, which actually eliminates the feed network. A special technique is adopted for excitation of the antenna from coaxial line, with which very good matching is achieved. This type of antennas could be ideal for the base or center stations for wireless and indoor communications. Experimental results of a prototype of the antennas working at 12.6 GHz is given to demonstrate the great potentials for wireless applications.
MCDM with Relative Importance of Criteria: Application to Configuration Design of Vehicles (2009)

In this article, a preference model of relative importance of criteria is presented and applied to a vehicle configuration design problem formulated as a multi-objective program. The model is based on convex cones and extends the classical notion of Pareto optimality. Preferences quantifies as allowable tradeoffs are elicited from the decision maker and used for the construction of a new preference. In effect, the Pareto set is reduced which facilitates the process of choosing a final preferred solution. Configuration design of mechanical systems corresponds to finding the placement of a set of components such that performance criteria are optimized while satisfying design constraints. The presented configuration design problem involves designing a midsize truck for optimum vehicle dynamic behavior, survivability, and maintainability in the presence of decision maker’s preferences that are included a posteriori. A set of Pareto solutions is first generated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm, and the Pareto solutions are screened according to the preferences quantified as allowable tradeoffs. The model extracts preferred designs from the Pareto set producing a short list of “strong” or “privileged” designs, which is a useful feature when preferences are unknown. * This research builds upon the work of Dr Yi Miao whose effort is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported in part by the Automotive Research Center (ARC), a U.S. Army TACOM Center of Excellence for Modeling and Simulation of Ground Vehicles at the University of Michigan and by the National Science Foundation, Grant number DMS-0425768. The views presented here do not necessarily reflect those of our sponsors whose support is gratefully acknowledged. Vincent Y. Blouin, Brian J. Hunt, Margaret M. Wiecek 12
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the 5‐HT3 Receptor Site Using Novel Indole‐3‐glyoxylic Acid Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
OPG and PTH-(1-34) Have Additive Effects on Bone Density and Mechanical Strength in Osteopenic Ovariectomized Rats (2001)

PTH is a potent bone anabolic factor, and its combination with antiresorptive agents has been proposed as a therapy for osteoporosis.We tested the effects of PTH, alone and in combination with the novel antiresorptive agent OPG, in a rat model of severe osteopenia.Sprague Dawley rats were sham-operated or ovariectomized at 3 months of age.Rats were untreated for 15 months, at which time ovariectomy had caused significant decreases in bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae and femur.Rats were then treated for 5.5 months with vehicle (PBS), human PTH-(1-34) (80 g/kg), rat OPG (10 mg/kg), or OPG plus PTH (all three times per wk, sc).Treatment of ovariectomized rats with OPG or PTH alone increased bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae and femur, whereas PTH plus OPG caused significantly greater and more rapid increases than either therapy alone (P < 0.05).OPG significantly reduced osteoclast surface in the lumbar vertebrae and femur (P < 0.05 vs. sham or ovariectomized), but had no effect on osteoblast surface at either site.Ovariectomy significantly decreased the mechanical strength of the lumbar vertebrae and femur.In the lumbar vertebrae, OPG plus PTH was significantly more effective than PTH alone at reversing ovariectomy-induced deficits in stiffness and elastic modulus.These data suggest that OPG plus PTH represent a potentially useful therapeutic option for patients with severe osteoporosis.
Making Deep Heatmaps Robust to Partial Occlusions for 3D Object Pose Estimation (2018)

International audience
From ultrafast spectroscopy to bidirectional molecular switches: dihydroazulene / vinylheptafulvene (2004)

The primary mechanism of photoconversion is investigated for two dihydroazulenes with sub-30fs UV and visible pulses. The back reaction, that is normally not accessible optically, can be achieved with a second pulse delayed by 25ps.
Impact of spectral-inverter fiber length on FWM efficiency and signal distortion (1995)

Midspan spectral inversion (MSSI) using four-wave mixing (FWM) in dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF) has become an attractive technique for compensating for fiber dispersion.1 It is, however, important to investigate methods for increasing the conversion efficiency and the output power.2 We have studied the influence of the length of the DSF on the FWM efficiency, as well as on self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS).
Couplage entre cinétique chimique et transferts dans un agrégat poreux: application à deux réactions solide-gaz (2013)

National audience
Catalysis of a Peptidic Micellar Assembly Covalently Immobilized within Mesoporous Silica Channels: Importance of Amphiphilic Spatial Design (2006)

A mesostructured silica/organic composite 1-MS, constructed from a rodlike micelle of amino acid amphiphile 1 that has a condensable head group and that can be used as a template, was found to be able to catalyze the acetalization of cyclohexanone, in ethanol at 25 degrees C (50% in 12 h), whereas no reaction took place with unfunctionalized mesoporous silica. In sharp contrast, hydrolytic removal of the C16 alkyl tail of immobilized 1 resulted in the complete disappearance of the catalytic activity, which suggests the importance of a hydrophobic inner domain for the admission of cyclohexanone. Unsupported peptide amphiphile 2, under identical conditions to those above, was inefficient for acetalization regardless of the absence (2% in 24 h) or presence of mesoporous silica (7% in 24 h). Reference composite 2-MS, which is a noncovalently immobilized peptidic micelle, was virtually inactive (1% in 24 h). These observations indicate the importance of covalent immobilization of the peptidic rod micelle for catalysis. Mesostructured silicate 3-MS hybridized with a nonpeptidic, ammonium ion amphiphile (3) showed a certain catalytic activity, but the yield (12% in 24 h) of the acetal was much lower than that achieved by using 1-MS as the catalyst. Amorphous silica with immobilized 1 on its surface was much less active than 1-MS for acetalization (5% in 24 h).
Concave Low-Loss Total Internal Reflection Mirrors in Indium Phosphide for High Fabrication Tolerance (2007)

We report on a novel concave total internal reflection mirror fabricated in InP that allows larger mirror size and mask alignment tolerance. Average mirror loss measured was 0.56dB/mirror with a standard deviation of 0.14 dB/mirror.
P1‐041: Relaxation properties of iron‐bound Alzheimer's disease‐associated proteins (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, complete incapacity and death. Many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress to contribute the initiation and progression of AD. One of the triggering factors for oxidative stress is “iron”. Free iron leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that are neurotoxic. Iron has been found co-localized with amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyper phosphorylated tau (HP-tau) – hallmarks of AD. We propose an iron hypothesis for AD that may explain the affinity of iron to different proteins. We hypothesize that production of these proteins are attempts by neurons to ameliorate oxidative damage by binding iron. However, we do not know the pathophysiological mechanism behind this. We propose to study this mechanism using a murine model, triggering controlled oxidative stress to increase iron and treatments to rescue that insult. We will analyze the co-localization of iron with Aβ and HP-tau using Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel electrophoresis, western blot and MRI. We have acquired the NMR of different iron bound proteins to determine relaxation values in terms of T1, T2 and T2*. These values will be used to inform MRI scans so as to develop a technique to differentiate iron- bound Aβ and HP-tau. In parallel, T2* and 3D Cones images of post-mortem brain were also obtained in an attempt to localize pathological depositions of protein. We have determined T1, T2 and T2* values of iron-bound proteins and appropriate controls. These values of pure and ex vivo samples of iron- bound AD proteins from NMR will inform our search for these proteins using MRI. 3D Cones images of post mortem brain showed the localization of iron in the hippocampus. We expect the gel electrophoresis and western blot results to show the expression of different proteins according to the treatment or stages of the sample. Iron bound proteins have different relaxation property which can be used to inform MRI for generating contrast images. Our ultimate goal is to develop a diagnostic imaging technique for AD in murine and human brains. Iron Hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease. 3D Cones imaging of a 87 -year-old male Braak VI subject. Red arrows indicate regions of expected tau pathology based on its propensity to bind ron.
A Fast Acting All-Metal Gas Valve for Plasma Research (1970)

A fast acting, all-metal valve has been developed for injecting pulses of neutral gases into a high vacuum. The theoretical motion of the piston is analyzed and compared with its actual dynamic and electrical operating characteristics. The design of the valve makes it possible to change the length of time the valve is open and thus vary the number of atoms admitted. Preliminary measurements of the pressure in the gas pulses have been made with fast stabilized ionization gauges. Reproducibility of measurement of the operating times of valve and gas pressure pulses was better than 95%. The gases used were hydrogen, helium, argon, and nitrogen.
Ultrasound characterization of red blood cells distribution: a wave scattering simulation study (2011)

Ultrasonic backscattered signals from blood contain frequency-dependent information that can be used to obtain quantitative parameters describing the aggregation state of red blood cells (RBCs). However the relation between the parameters describing the aggregation level and the backscatterer coefficient needs to be better clarified. For that purpose, numerical wave simulations were performed to generate backscattered signals that mimic the response of two-dimensional (2D) RBC distributions to an ultrasound excitation. The simulated signals were computed with a time-domain method that has the advantages of requiring no physical approximations (within the framework of linear acoustics) and of limiting the numerical artefacts induced by the discretization of object interfaces. In the simple case of disaggregated RBCs, the relationship between the backscatter amplitude and scatterer concentration was studied. Backscatter coefficients (BSC) in the frequency range 10 to 20 MHz were calculated for weak scattering infinite cylinders (radius 2.8 μm) at concentrations ranging from 6 to 36%. At low concentration, the BSC increased with scatterer concentrations; at higher concentrations, the BSC reached a maximum and then decreased with increasing concentration, as it was noted by previous authors in in vitro blood experiments. In the case of aggregated RBCs, the relationship between the backscatter frequency dependence and level of aggregation at a concentration of 24% was studied for a larger frequency band (10 – 40 MHz). All these results were compared with a weak scattering model based on the analytical computing of the structure factor.
Multicarrier Modem Core on FPGA (2006)

The paper deals with the realization on FPGA of a filter bank based multicarrier modem core. The main blocks of the modem core are for the transmitter: OQAM modulation for transmitter, synthesis filter bank composed from IFFT and polyphase network; and for the receiver: OQAM modulation for receiver, analysis filter bank composed from polyphase network and FFT. The modem core is implemented on FPGA with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6 </sup> gates and its frequency is 7.34 kHz per frame with 512 real data
Taper of metamaterials designed by optical transformation (2011)

In this paper, we present a numerical study of a mode adapter that transitions light from a wide SOI waveguide to a narrower one. The device has been designed using the technique of transformation optics and consists of a thin sheet of anisotropic medium directly placed on top of the Si slab. We demonstrate that this sheet effectively controls the flow of energy propagating in the Si slab and that the structure can be potentially implemented by patterning a single layer of planar optical metamaterial on the SOI waveguide.
Photochemically generated organometallic radicals as reducing agents (1984)

Irradiation of metal–metal bonded carbonyl dimers in the presence of appropriate ligands generates a class of intermediates which are powerful reducing agents; Ru3(CO)12, CpMo(CO)3Cl (Cp = cyclopentadienyl), and the ferricyanide ion were reduced in order to demonstrate the utility of these photogenerated reducing agents.
Biologically triggered exploding protein based microcapsules for drug delivery (2012)

Biologically triggered exploding microcapsules were synthesized by layer-by-layer assembly of biopolymers. The microcapsules showed controlled rupturing behaviour upon exposure to a pathologically relevant biomolecule, trypsin. These microcapsules offer significant potential for clinical applications.
The Interactions of Four Carbamate Pesticides with Electron-acceptor Reagents (1973)

The interactions between several electron-acceptor reagents and some pesticides having donor properties were investigated in solution and on cellulose thin-layers by spectrophotometric methods. In solution, formation constants and extinction coefficients were evaluated from absorbance measurements for complexes of the pesticides carbaryl, IPC, CIPC, and swep with the electron-acceptor reagent 9-dicyanomethylene-2,4,7-trinitrofluorene, using the Benesi–Hildebrand method. Values were also calculated for the carbaryl-mellitic trianhydride complex. Extinction coefficients [Formula: see text] for the complexes were less than 1000, while formation constants were 1–41 mol −1 Reflectance spectroscopic measurements showed similar relationships between absorption maxima and intensities of the complexes and the donor properties of the pesticides to those observed in solution. A linear relationship between reflectance and the square root of concentration was found for all four pesticide–CNTNF complexes in the range from 5–50 µg.