gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laquinimod Disability Progression Effects Are Maintained with Increasingly Rigorous Confirmation Time Intervals (P3.069) (2016)

BACKGROUND: Oral laquinimod 0.6mg once-daily (QD) demonstrated consistent reductions of 3-month confirmed disability progression (CDP) in the phase III ALLEGRO and BRAVO trials. OBJECTIVES: To explore the durability of laquinimod effect on CDP, additional analyses were performed utilizing increasingly rigorous durations for disability confirmation. METHODS: Using pooled data from the ALLEGRO and BRAVO trials, laquinimod effects on 6-, 9-, and 12-month CDP were analyzed. CDP was defined as an increase in EDSS of >1 point from baseline for subjects with baseline EDSS ≤5.0, or an increase in EDSS of >0.5 point from baseline for subjects with baseline EDSS of 5.5. In order to have a confirmation of disease progression, the increased EDSS value compared to the reference value had to be increased at all the time points. Therefore, all initial progressions for patients with 12-month CDP events had to occur in the first study year. RESULTS: The treatment effect of laquinimod on CDP was maintained over all tested confirmation intervals. The hazard ratios of the treatment effect were 0.66, 0.54, 0.53, and 0.55 for 3, 6, 9, and 12-months CDP, respectively; P<.005, all comparisons. As expected, there was a reduction in the incidence of CDP over time demonstrated for the placebo group: proportions of placebo patients with CDP at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 15[percnt], 12[percnt], 9[percnt], and 7[percnt], respectively. No baseline demographic, clinical, or MRI factors were predictive of CDP at the different time points. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasingly demanding criteria for confirmed disability progression, a profound effect of laquinimod for reducing disability progression was consistently demonstrated.
A morphologically realistic shell model of atrial propagation and ablation (2009)

A three dimensional morphologically realistic model of atrial propagation is developed, based on the male Visible Human dataset and the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations for cardiac excitation. The atrial shell geometry incorporates eleven different anatomical structures, including the pulmonary veins, and the septum, Bachmann's bundle and coronary sinus as interatrial conduction pathways. Although the model utilizes a simplified cellular model of cardiac excitation it is able to reproduce a variety of electrophysiological phenomena including: autorhythmicity of the sinoatrial node and its ability to excite surrounding atrial tissue, spiral re-entrant wavefronts, ectopic beats originating in the PV and their termination by circumferential ablation of the PV. The model is an important tool to quantitatively study atrial excitation under normal conditions and during atrial fibrillation.
Calculated Design Data for the Multiple-Disk Pump Using Incompressible Fluid (1974)

Earlier analyses of the laminar radically outward flow of Newtonian incompressible fluid between parallel corotating disks have been used to calculate the performance of multiple-disk pumps using such flow passages as the rotor. Such pumps are characterized by certain dimensionless parameters and a large number of computerized calculations have enabled preparation of pump performance maps for pumps idealized as having no losses external to the rotor; these maps show the quantitative dependence of pump efficiency, pressure change and required power on the pump geometry, speed, and on fluid properties. Conventional loss information for the pump entrance and diffuser flows, and conventional bearing, seal, and “disk friction” loss information, must be applied in the design process to provide prediction of actual pump performance and comparison with conventional pumps. The design information is also applicable to low-pressure gas blowers.
Hepatocellular Transplantation for Metabolic Support in Experimental Acute Ischemic Liver Failure in Rats (1993)

The function of transplanted hepatocytes in acute ischemic liver failure was studied in an experimental model using rats. Ischemic liver failure was induced by occlusion of the proximal portal vein and hepatic artery immediately following extracorporeal portofemoral venous bypass. All rats were bred in a closed colony. Rats in Group 1 were untreated and served as controls (n = 10). Rats in Group 2 received an intrasplenic transplant of hepatocytes (1 x 10(7) cells) 48 h before liver ischemia (n = 10). Serum ammonia and blood glucose were measured before, and 1 h after, ischemia. Serum ammonia was significantly higher than normal (Group 1, 930 micrograms/dL vs < 110 micrograms/dL) after liver ischemia. On the other hand, serum ammonia in group 2 also was elevated (355 micrograms/dL), but significantly less so than in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Blood glucose was lower in both groups after liver ischemia, compared to normal (50-100 mg/dL), but it was higher in Group 2 (30 mg/dL) than in Group 1 (14 mg/dL, p < 0.01). Liver histology 1 h after ischemia showed similar degrees of necrosis in the two groups. Transplanted hepatocytes were viable, and clearly identified in the splenic parenchyma after ischemia. Intrasplenic transplanted hepatocytes provide temporary metabolic support of acute ischemic liver failure in rats, as reflected by enhanced ammonia removal and gluconeogenesis.
A novel PWM scheme for a three-level voltage source inverter with GTO thyristors (1996)

This paper presents a new PWM method for the three-level GTO inverters based on the space voltage vectors. With the proposed PWM method, we can minimize the harmonic components of the output voltage by avoiding the minimum pulse width limitation problem of the GTO thyristors and keeping the voltage balancing of the DC-link capacitors. The principle of the proposed PWM method and the voltage vector output sequences are described in detail. Computer simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed PWM method is suitable for high voltage and large capacity three-level GTO inverters applied to induction motor drives.
Design and Prototype Modelling of a CC/CV Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Circuit (2018)

Number of electric vehicles is expanding rapidly. Electric vehicle recharging stations are also becoming common. The charging converters in EV charging stations can be off-board type or on-board type with either unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. The most commonly preferred are off-board chargers with unidirectional power flow are mostly used and favored due to their less hardware requirements. Most of the EVs use lithium-ion batteries due to their higher efficiency and less weight and size. The chargers for lithium-ion batteries have battery management systems (BMS) which follow various charging algorithm. Among various charging algorithms for lithium-ion batteries the most widespread and commonly used is CC/CV algorithm. This paper presents a hardware model of an off-board unidirectional charging circuitry utilizing CC/CV charging algorithm.
A Simulation Model of a Hydraulic Buck Converter Based on a Mixed Time Frequency Domain Iteration (2013)

Digital hydraulics is an opportunity to realize simple, robust, cheap and energy efficient hydraulic drives. In such systems digital on/off valves are used instead of proportional valves. Moreover, in hydraulic switching converters the valves are actuated within a few milliseconds, which create sharp pressure changes and, in turn, significant wave propagation effects in the pipe system. For a proper design of digital hydraulic systems a sound understanding of these effects is required to achieve the desired behavior of the switching drive system. In such converters, like the buck-, boost or boost-buck-converter, the inductance is one crucial component. It is realized by a simple pipe mainly for cost reasons. Furthermore, switching converters contain some components with nonlinear characteristics, like valves or accumulators, which prevent a comprehensive analysis in frequency domain. For a convenient analysis a qualified model of a hydraulic buck converter based on a mixed time frequency domain iteration is presented. Main parameters of this model are identified and wave propagation effects in the inductance pipe of the converter are investigated by simulation.
FC‐6  Four isoforms of exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus hyicus abolished immunofluorescence for desmoglein 1 in pig skin (2004)

Exudative epidermitis is an acute, often fatal skin disease in piglets caused by infection with Staphylococcus hyicus . Clinical and histopathological manifestations of exudative epidermitis are similar to those of a human blistering skin disease, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, in which cleavage of desmoglein (Dsg) 1 by exfoliative toxins produced by S. aureus results in blister formation in the upper part of the epidermis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the four types of exfoliative toxin produced by S. hyicus (ExhA, ExhB, ExhC and ExhD) are able to affect swine Dsg1. We first generated recombinant toxins of ExhA, ExhB, ExhC and ExhD by an E. coli expression system. To determine the pathogenic activity of these recombinant toxins, we injected them subcutaneously into 3‐ to 4‐week‐old piglets. After administration of all four recombinant toxins, local exfoliations developed at the inoculation sites of the piglets’ skin at 21–48 h postinjection. To further assess whether these Exhs affect swine Dsg1, we incubated cryosectioned pig skin with Exhs in vitro and subsequently stained Dsg1 and Dsg3 by immunofluorescence with human pemphigus foliaceus sera and anti‐Dsg3 monoclonal antibody (5H10), respectively. The cell surface staining of Dsg1 was abolished by incubation with any of the four isoforms of Exh, whereas that of Dsg3 was not affected at all. These findings indicate that all four types of exfoliative toxin produced by S. hyicus (ExhA, ExhB, ExhC and ExhD) can cause skin exfoliation in pigs with exudative epidermitis, presumably by digestion of Dsg1. Funding: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
SELF-ORGANIZING DSP CIRCUITS (2009)

Living organisms are endowed with three structural principles: multicellular architecture, cellular division, and cellular differentiation. Implemented in digital according to these principles, our DSP circuits present self-organizing mechanisms like configuration, cloning, cicatrization, and regeneration. These mechanisms are made of simple processes such as growth, load, branching, repair, reset, and kill. The description of a configurable molecule implementing the self-organizing mechanisms and its application to a multiplier function constitute the core of this paper.
Preparation of unidirectional fiber reinforced tantalum carbide composites (1979)

A process is described for uniformly infiltrating 3000 filament carbon yarn with Ta and subsequent densification by hot pressing. Ta deposition rate is characterized as a function of deposition temperature, reactant flows, yarn pull rate, and coating chamber geometry for yarn pull rates from 2 to 50 m/h and Ta loadings from 40 to 350 wt % gain. Densification procedures for unidirectional pressings are described and data is presented which shows significant improvement in flexure strength over conventional TaC-C powder composites.
Fatty acid biosynthesis by a particulate preparation from germinating pea (1977)

1. Fatty acid synthesis was studied in microsomal preparations from germinating pea (Pisum sativum). 2. The preparations synthesized a mixture of saturated fatty acids up to a chain length of C(24) from [(14)C]malonyl-CoA. 3. Whereas hexadecanoic acid was made de novo, octadecanoic acid and icosanoic acid were synthesized by elongation. 4. The products formed during [(14)C]malonyl-CoA incubation were analysed, and unesterified fatty acids and polar lipids were found to be major products. [(14)C]Palmitic acid represented a high percentage of the acyl-carrier protein esters, whereas (14)C-labelled very-long-chain fatty acids were mainly present as unesterified fatty acids. CoA esters were minor products. 5. The addition of exogenous lipids to the incubation system usually resulted in stimulation of [(14)C]malonyl-CoA incorporation into fatty acids. The greatest stimulation was obtained with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Both exogenous palmitic acid and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine increased the amount of [(14)C]-stearic acid synthesized, relative to [(14)C]palmitic acid. Addition of stearic acid increased the amount of [(14)C]icosanoic acid formed. 6. [(14)C]Stearic acid was elongated more effectively to icosanoic acid than [(14)C]stearoyl-CoA, and its conversion was not decreased by addition of unlabelled stearoyl-CoA. 7. Incorporation of [(14)C]malonyl-CoA into fatty acids was markedly decreased by iodoacetamide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Palmitate elongation was sensitive to arsenite addition, and stearate elongation to the presence of Triton X-100 or fluoride. The action of fluoride was not, apparently, due to chelation. 8. The microsomal preparations differed from soluble fractions from germinating pea in (a) synthesizing very-long-chain fatty acids, (b) not utilizing exogenous palmitate-acyl-carrier protein as a substrate for palmitate elongation and (c) having fatty acid synthesis stimulated by the addition of certain complex lipids.
Methanesulfonyl Azide: Molecular Structure and Photolysis in Solid Noble Gas Matrices (2016)

The parent sulfonyl azide CH3SO2N3 has been characterized in a neat form by IR (gas, matrix-isolation) and Raman (solid) spectroscopy, and its structure has been established by X-ray crystallography. In both gas phase and solid state, the azide exhibits single conformation with the azido ligand being synperiplanar to one of the two S═O groups. In the crystal molecules of CH3SO2N3 are interconnected through three-dimensional O···H-C-H···O hydrogen bonds. Upon an ArF laser (193 nm) photolysis, the azide in solid noble gas matrices splits off N2 and yields the sulfonyl nitrene CH3SO2N in the triplet ground state. Subsequent photolysis with UV light (266 nm) causes the transformation from the nitrene to the pseudo-Curtius rearrangement product CH3NSO2. The identification of the photolysis intermediates by matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy is supported by quantum chemical calculations with DFT methods.
A blinded, three-arm randomised trial assessing joint function and measuring three-dimensional knee joint kinematics in individuals six months after a total knee joint replacement; comparing a medially stabilised design, to standard fixed bearing conventional designs – posterior stabilising and cruciate retaining (2018)

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; No randomised trial exists to assess the relative prosthetic performance of three fixed bearing total knee joint replacement construct designs through clinical functional outcomes and biomechanical gait analysis at six months after the index procedure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The design of a double blinded, prospective, randomised trial with three parallel patient groups is presented. Patients reviewed in consultant clinic with radiographic and clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee, with the condition deemed severe enough to require a total knee joint replacement (TKJR) are eligible. Subjects enrolled in the trial are randomised to one of the three TKJR construct designs approximately ten days prior to scheduled date of surgery. Each subject is then followed up for at least twelve months. Repeated measure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) will be utilised to uncover any clinical functional differences in each trial group in each time interval.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Differences in clinical functional scores at each time interval compared to pre-intervention, as well as between group differences in clinical functional scores at each time interval will be examined. At six months after the operation, biomechanical measurements of joint motion, ground reaction forces, and muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity will be recorded simultaneously from each subject for four test conditions: level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and chair rise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This randomised trial is designed to better understand the relationships between the clinical functional outcomes and replaced knee kinematics in three fixed bearing total knee replacement construct designs at six months postoperatively.&lt;/p&gt;
Depth dose deposition measurement and radiation transport calculation in electronic packages using optically stimulated luminescence films (2003)

The dose deposited by high energy electrons in dual in line package is measured versus depth using Optically Stimulated Luminescence films. Several conditions of irradiation are investigated. Experimental results are compared with PENELOPE radiation transport code calculations.
Comparison of Two Unusual Enoyl-CoA Reductases in Streptomyces collinus (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of Two Unusual Enoyl-CoA Reductases in Streptomyces collinusKevin A. ReynoldsCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 2, 175–185Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50092a002https://doi.org/10.1021/np50092a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parametric State Space Structuring (1997)

Structured approaches based on Kronecker operators for the description and solution of the infinitesimal generator of a continuous-time Markov chains are receiving increasing interest. However, their main advantage, a substantial reduction in the memory requirements during the numerical solution, comes at a price. Methods based on the &amp;quot;potential state space&amp;quot; allocate a probability vector that might be much larger than actually needed. Methods based on the &amp;quot;actual state space&amp;quot;, instead, have an additional logarithmic overhead. We present an approach that realizes the advantages of both methods with none of their disadvantages, by partitioning the local state spaces of each submodel. We apply our results to a model of software rendezvous, and show how they reduce memory requirements while, at the same time, improving the efficiency of the computation.
Functional classification of heart failure before and after implementing a healthcare transition program for youth and young adults transferring from a pediatric to an adult congenital heart disease clinics (2018)

There is a need for improved HCT planning for patients with moderate to severe CHD, otherwise, lapses of care and adverse outcomes can ensue.
(Invited) Single Crystal Structures, Unique Bonds, Redox Properties and Photoluminescence Activity of Actinide Endohedral Fullerenes (2017)

Endohedral metallic fullerenes have been intensively studied in recent years. However, the knowledge of these fullerenes largely came from the investigation of fullerenes encapsulated with lanthanide metals, which present similar physicochemical properties in most of cases. Actinide endohedral fullerenes, though have been known since the beginning of endohedral fullerenes studies, have been unexplored with the respect to their detailed structures and properties. Herein, our study on Th@C 82 and U 2 C@ I h -C 80 , for the first time, demonstrated remarkably different electronic and spectroscopic properties of actinide endohedral fullerenes compared to those of lanthanide EMFs. Crystallographic study unambiguously discloses the fine structure of Th@ C 3v (8)-C 82 . Combined experimental and theoretical studies suggest that Th@ C 3v (8)-C 82 has a surprisingly large electrochemical bandgap of 1.51 eV, which agrees with four-electrons-transfer from the metal to the cage. Moreover, Th@ C 3v (8)-C 82 displays a strong vibrationally coupled photoluminescence signal in the visible region, which is unprecedented for both fullerene and thorium compounds. The crystallographic and computational studies of U 2 C@ I h -C 80 reveal a unique axial U=C bond, by far the shortest U-C bond and has never been experimentally proved before. Figure 1
Downtilts adjustment and power allocation algorithm based on PSO for 3D MIMO systems (2013)

Since the 3-dimension (3D) beamforming technology and the Active Antenna System (AAS) have been extensively employed in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, a cell can be divided into several sectors both horizontally and vertically to improve the performances of the systems. An issue of joint downtilts adjustment and power allocation of two vertical beams is addressed in this paper. The system model is built and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based beams optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the cell spectral efficiency, in which the downtilts and powers of the two vertical beams are mapped onto particles and the cell spectral efficiency is defined as the fitness function. By updating the positions and velocities of the particles according to some principles dealing with all constraints, the optimum or suboptimum solution can be obtained. Simulation results show that a high cell spectral efficiency can be achieved with a low complexity by the proposed algorithm.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Titania Thick Films (1999)

A low-cost method of producing nanostructured titania thick films is required if nanostructured titania is to be used to its full potential in applications in areas ranging from optics via solar energy to gas sensing. It is demonstrated that screen printing forms the basis of such a method, and the effect of annealing on the nanophase and the role of doping to prevent coarse-grain growth at relatively high temperature are discussed. Finally, miniaturized devices with deposited titania layers are shown to act as sensors for CO, their performance depending on the size of the grains.