gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-promoted trimerization of carbon disulphide. Synthesis and structure of the dinuclear copper(I) complex [(PPh3)2Cu(µ-S2CSCH2SCS2)Cu(PPh3)2] (1983)

The complex [(PPh3)2Cu(η2-BH4)] reacts with CS2 to give the dinuclear copper(I) complex [(PPh3)2Cu(µ-S2CSCH2SCS2)Cu(PPh3)2]; a complete X-ray crystal structure determination has shown that the two (PPh3)2Cu fragments are held together by a bridging S2CSCH2SCS22– ligand, formed from a double head-to-tail condensation of three CS2 molecules.
A colorimetric method for point mutation detection using high-fidelity DNA ligase (2005)

The present study reported proof-of-principle for a genotyping assay approach that can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through the gold nanoparticle assembly and the ligase reaction. By incorporating the high-fidelity DNA ligase (Tth DNA ligase) into the allele-specific ligation-based gold nanoparticle assembly, this assay provided a convenient yet powerful colorimetric detection that enabled a straightforward single-base discrimination without the need of precise temperature control. Additionally, the ligase reaction can be performed at a relatively high temperature, which offers the benefit for mitigating the non-specific assembly of gold nanoparticles induced by interfering DNA strands. The assay could be implemented via three steps: a hybridization reaction that allowed two gold nanoparticle-tagged probes to hybrid with the target DNA strand, a ligase reaction that generates the ligation between perfectly matched probes while no ligation occurred between mismatched ones and a thermal treatment at a relatively high temperature that discriminate the ligation of probes. When the reaction mixture was heated to denature the formed duplex, the purple color of the perfect-match solution would not revert to red, while the mismatch gave a red color as the assembled gold nanoparticles disparted. The present approach has been demonstrated with the identification of a single-base mutation in codon 12 of a K-ras oncogene that is of significant value for colorectal cancers diagnosis, and the wild-type and mutant type were successfully scored. To our knowledge, this was the first report concerning SNP detection based on the ligase reaction and the gold nanoparticle assembly. Owing to its ease of operation and high specificity, it was expected that the proposed procedure might hold great promise in practical clinical diagnosis of gene-mutant diseases.
Inhomogeneity in erbium doped silica and fluoride fibers (2002)

In this paper we present the first report of room temperature spectral hole burning (SHB) measurements for wavelengths near 1530 nm and the first report on the comparison of SHB measurements in Er-doped fiber amplifiers.
Amyloid β peptide directly impairs pineal gland melatonin synthesis and melatonin receptor signaling through the ERK pathway (2015)

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the pineal gland known to regulate physiologic rhythms and to display immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. It has been reported that Alzheimer disease patients show impaired melatonin production and altered expression of the 2 G protein-coupled melatonin receptors (MTRs), MT₁ and MT₂, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Here we evaluated whether this dysfunction of the melatonergic system is directly caused by amyloid β peptides (Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42)). Aβ treatment of rat pineal glands elicited an inflammatory response within the gland, evidenced by the up-regulation of 52 inflammatory genes, and decreased the production of melatonin up to 75% compared to vehicle-treated glands. Blocking NF-κB activity prevented this effect. Exposure of HEK293 cells stably expressing recombinant MT₁ or MT₂ receptors to Aβ lead to a 40% reduction in [(125)I]iodomelatonin binding to MT₁. ERK1/2 activation triggered by MTRs, but not by the β₂-adrenergic receptor, was markedly impaired by Aβ in HEK293 transfected cells, as well as in primary rat endothelial cells expressing endogenous MTRs. Our data reveal the melatonergic system as a new target of Aβ, opening new perspectives to Alzheimer disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
CD44v6 Dependence of Premetastatic Niche Preparation by Exosomes (2009)

The metastasizing capacity of the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma BSp73ASML (ASML(wt)) is strikingly reduced by a knockdown of CD44v4-v7 (ASML(kd)). We used this model to analyze the role of the CD44 variant isoform (CD44v) in (pre)metastatic niche formation. Intrafootpad injections of ASML(wt)-, but not ASML(kd)-conditioned medium (CM), strongly promote settlement of ASML(kd) cells in lymph nodes and lung. Fractionation of CM revealed a contribution by a soluble matrix and exosomes, where the CD44v6-containing ASML(wt)-soluble fraction can complement ASML(kd)-exosomes, but not vice versa. This implies that exosomes are the final actors, are CD44v-independent, but require a soluble matrix, which depends on CD44v. Analyzing the composition revealed that only the ASML(wt)-matrix contains c-Met and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. In vitro, mostly ASML(wt)-exosomes promote proliferation and induce gene expression in metastatic organ cells. However, in vivo corresponding changes in the (pre) metastatic organ are only observed when both, exosomes plus the soluble matrix, are provided. Thus, neither CD44v nor exosomes alone suffice for (pre)metastatic niche formation. Instead, CD44v suffices for assembling a soluble matrix, which allows exosomes, independent of their origin from poorly or highly metastatic cells, to modulate (pre) metastatic organ cells for tumor cell embedding and growth.
Anticryptosporidial Prophylactic Efficacy of Enrofloxacin and Paromomycin in Chickens (2002)

Two battery tests were conducted to study the anticryptosporidial prophylactic efficacy of the 2 commercially available antibiotics, enrofloxacin and paromomycin. The efficacy of enrofloxacin was 52% at the recommended level, which could not be increased, using twice the recommended dose. At the recommended levels, paromomycin reduced the oocyst output of birds by 67-82%, showing the highest efficacy of all drugs tested against avian cryptosporidiosis thus far. Moreover, the patent period was shortened by 12-23%. The body weight gain of paromomycin-treated chickens was almost identical with that of uninfected, untreated control birds irrespective of dosage, indicating the lack of toxicity. Although paromomycin is not registered for use in birds, in combination with sanitary procedures and disinfection, it may help in the control of cryptosporidiosis in some bird facilities.
Ulva fenestrata protein – Comparison of three extraction methods with respect to protein yield and protein quality (2021)

Seaweed is gaining attention as a possible alternative and sustainable source of proteins. This study investigates three protein extraction methods and their effect on protein yield and quality when applied to Ulva fenestrata. Two of the methods included alkaline extractions (pH-shifts); one version solubilizing the proteins at pH 8.5 and one solubilizing them at pH 8.5 followed by pH 12 (pH 8.5 + 12). The third method was a mechanical pressing, using a double screw press. All extraction methods were followed by isoelectric precipitation to concentrate the proteins. Extraction at pH 8.5 gave the significantly highest total protein yield after the isoelectric precipitation, followed by extraction at pH 8.5 + 12 and lastly mechanical extraction gave the lowest yield. Proteins extracted with both alkaline methods had a significantly higher solubility at pH 7 and pH 9, compared to proteins from the mechanical pressing. There were no significant differences between the three methods in total D/L-amino acid ratio. Amino acid cross-links measured as lysinoalanine (LAL) and lanthionine (LAN) where found in significantly higher amounts in alkali-extracted proteins compared to mechanically extracted, however not to a degree that expect to compromise functional or nutritional quality. Further, no significant difference in protein in vitro digestibility was found between extraction methods. In conclusion, results indicated that protein extraction at pH 8.5 can be recommended, especially regarding total protein yield and solubility of the final protein extract.
Theoretical Study of Metal Atom Adsorption States on Graphene (2019)

We investigated the adsorption states and diffusion behavior of Pt and Fe atoms on pristine and various light-element-doped graphene using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory to reveal the support that can keep particle size of metal clusters for a long time. We show a weak interaction between Pt, Fe atoms and pristine graphene. The corresponding diffusion barrier for a Pt atom on pristine graphene is only 0.14 eV, which causes rapid agglomeration of Pt clusters. However, light-element-doped graphene shows large diffusion barrier for metal atoms. Notably, O, Si and P doped graphene show large diffusion barrier for both Pt and Fe atoms. Therefore, these light-element-doped graphene is a promising support for Pt and Fe clusters.
Switched allotype expression in an immunoglobulin‐nonsecreting rabbit lymphoid cell line fused with rabbit gangliocytes (1981)

The Simian virus 40-transformed rabbit spleen cell TRSC-1 synthesizes intracellular whole IgG molecules of the alb4 allotype. Two hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoryl transferase-deficient mutants were derived from this line. One of these, TRSC-1-8, was used in somatic cell fusion experiments together with gangliocytes from a rabbit immunized against beta-galactosidase. Out of nineteen hybrid clones surviving in selective medium, only one, L17, was shown to produce free gamma chains which express the a2 allotype of the donor rabbit rather than the al marker of the parents TRSC-1-8 line. The inability to restore IgG secretion in hybrids suggests that dominant regulatory controls are exerted by the TRSC-1 genome on Ig reduction. This supports the notion that the TRSC-1 line originated from a splenocyte that had not reached the final plasmocyte differentiation stage at the time of viral transformation.
Traumatic Laceration of the Posterior Tibial Tendon Treated with Novel Technique (2017)

Abstract Title: TRAUMATIC LACERATION OF THE POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON TREATED WITH NOVEL TECHNIQUE Abstract ID: 249 Abstract Category: Clinical Research INTRODUCTION: Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) insufficiency is a common entity, and can result in chronic tendon disruption. Acute disruption is a rare occurrence, but has been described in the literature. Most reported cases are associated with ipsilateral ankle fractures. Laceration of the posterior tibial tendon has also been described, typically in the operative setting as a result of iatrogenic injury. CASE REPORT: A 15 year old male presented to the clinic with complaints of right ankle pain and weakness. 2.5 months prior, he had sustained a laceration to the posteromedial ankle. He was diagnosed with a laceration that was treated with repair. His pain improved but did not go away despite use of NSAIDs and taping by his athletic trainer. He reported difficulty with running and cutting particularly with push-off. An MRI performed before his evaluation demonstrated disruption of the PTT with several centimeters of retraction and fluid within the sheath. The chronicity of his injury suggested that primary repair would not be a viable option. Given his young age and lack of baseline pathology, a conventional reconstruction with PTT debridement and flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL) transfer was sub-optimal. Consent was obtained for secondary reconstruction with options to include autograft, allograft, or tenodesis. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE: The posterior tibial musculature was mobilized. The stump ends were debrided back to a level demonstrating vascularity. A decision was made to perform a “split” FDL transfer to use as an intercalary graft while still preserving much of the toe plantarflexion function of the native tendon. A longitudinal split was made in the tendon from proximal to a level plantar to the navicular bone. The medial limb was transected at that distal level (leaving the lateral limb intact). A segment of the split FDL traversed the defect as an intercalary graft, and then a Pulver-Taft weave was performed distally through the distal PTT stump. Non-absorbable suture was used for fixation at the Pulver-Taft junction sites, and absorbable suture was used to augment the repair in an “epitendinous” fashion. Fibertape was wrapped around the repair to provide augmentation and protection. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first written report of a PTT laceration treated with a split flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer. The technique described in this case has resulted in a good functional outcome at 2 years. This may be a viable treatment option for practitioners facing a similar clinical scenario.
Synthesis of Glycoconjugates Utilizing the Regioselectivity of a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (2020)

ABSTRACT Polysaccharides from plant biomass are the most abundant renewable chemicals on Earth and can potentially be converted to a wide variety of useful glycoconjugates. While anomeric hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates are amenable to a variety of useful chemical modifications, selective cross-coupling to non-reducing ends has remained challenging. Several lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), powerful enzymes known for their application in cellulose degradation, specifically oxidize non-reducing ends, introducing carbonyl groups that can be utilized for chemical coupling. This study provides a simple and highly specific approach to produce oxime-based glycoconjugates from LPMO-functionalized oligosaccharides. The products are evaluated by HPLC, mass spectrometry and NMR. Furthermore, we demonstrate potential biodegradability of these glycoconjugates using selective enzymes.
Speckle Technologies for Monitoring and Imaging Tissues and Tissue-Like Phantoms (2017)

The appearance of random interference patterns, or speckle fields, in the spatial distributions of laser light scattered by weakly ordered media such as tissues, is probably the most evident and simply observed manifestation of coherence phenomena in tissue-light interactions. In the case of dynamic light scattering, when temporal speckle intensity fluctuations are induced by stochastic or regular motions of the scattering structure elements in the probed tissue volume, it is reasonable to try to apply the statistical analysis of these fluctuations to the monitoring or functional imaging of the tissue structure or the dynamics. As a result, laser speckle methods have recently become one of the most universally adopted and familiar technologies in biology and medicine (e.g., laser Doppler flowmetry is an example of such an analysis of dynamic laser speckle as applied to the monitoring and functional imaging of in vivo blood microcirculation).

The most typical applications of the statistical analysis of static and
dynamic laser speckles for the monitoring and functional imaging of tissue structure and dynamics are considered in this chapter; these applications are based on the various physical principles that determine the relations between the statistical characteristics of the detected speckle intensity fluctuations and the dynamical and structural properties of the probed tissue.
Characterization of an α‐macroglobulin‐like glycoprotein isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (2000)

We report the identification of the first representative of the alpha-2-macroglobulin family identified in terrestrial invertebrates. An abundant acidic glycoprotein was isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. Its molecular mass is about 420 kDa in the native state, whereas in SDS/PAGE it migrates as one band of 190 kDa under nonreducing conditions and a band of 92 kDa when reduced. Chemical deglycosylation reveals that it is composed of two different subunits, designated A and B. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of subunit A is similar to the N-terminus of invertebrate alpha-2-macroglobulin. Sequence analysis of several internal peptides confirms that the tick protein belongs to the alpha-2-macroglobulin family, and the protein is therefore referred to as tick alpha-macroglobulin (TAM). Functional analyses strengthen this assignment. TAM inhibits trypsin and thermolysin cleavage of the high-molecular-weight substrate azocoll in a manner similar to that of bovine alpha-2-macroglobulin. This effect is abolished by pre-treatment of TAM with methylamine. In the presence of TAM, trypsin is protected against active-site inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor. We cloned and sequenced a PCR product containing sequences from both subunits and spanning the N-terminus of subunit B and the putative 'bait region' (a segment of alpha-2-macroglobulin which serves as target for various proteases). This indicates that the two subunits are generated from a precursor polypeptide by post-translational processing.
A Vero cell-attenuated Goatpox virus provides protection against virulent virus challenge. (2004)

An Indian isolate of Goatpox virus (GTPV) was adapted and propagated in Vero cells for development of an attenuated virus. The virus was initially passaged in primary lamb testes cells and subsequently in Vero cells. At the 55th passage, the virus showed evidence of attenuation when tested for safety in seronegative goats. At this stage, the virus was found to be completely non-pathogenic. The virus was passaged further and the 60th passage was used for testing its immunogenicity in goats. The latter were inoculated with 10, 100 and 1000 TCID50 of the attenuated virus by intradermal (i.d.) route and challenged after 28 days with virulent GTPV. The attenuated virus produced no adverse reaction even at the highest dose and conferred complete protection even at the lowest dose against challenge with a high dose (2 x 10(6) of 50% skin-reactive dose SRD50) of virulent virus. Increased levels of virus-specific serum antibodies could be demonstrated by both indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization (VN) test in all the immunized goats. No horizontal transmission of the virus from the immunized to in-contact animals took place. Our results suggest that this attenuated virus could be a safe, immunogenic and potent candidate for developing a vaccine against goatpox.
Hodgkin Lymphoma Untreated for Six Years Presenting with Tracheoesophageal Fistula (2012)

Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable cancer with modern therapy, with five-year survival rates in excess of 80%. However, the natural history of the untreated disease is largely unknown. We present the case of a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma who went untreated for over 5 years due to patient choice. Eventually, the patient developed hypoxemia, significant weight loss, and a tracheoesophageal fistula. After a placement of a gastrostomy tube and tracheal stent, treatment with standard chemotherapy was initiated. The patient achieved an excellent response, the fistula closed without further intervention, and there is no evidence of relapse six years later. Even in a patient with significant Hodgkin-lymphoma-related sequelae, standard therapy can result in excellent long-term outcomes.
<title>Unique advantages of optics over electronics for interconnections</title> (1991)

There are many applications in which both electronic and optical interconnections are possible. These include most tasks currently being adequately performed by electronic interconnections. Optics must win such battles overwhelmingly to gain acceptance. We argue here that there will be other situations where electronics can not conceivably compete. The disadvantage of these situations is that their markets and technologies are not well developed. The advantage is that these are sure wins for optics. Advantages in fanin/fanout three dimensionality absence of such electronics problems as EMI ease of making/breaking connections avoidance of transduction smart interconnection and virtual computing are explored briefly.
Superconductor to Normal-Metal Contacts (2022)

The electrical quality of superconductor to normal-metal interfaces forms the fundamental building block for most superconductor applications. This chapter focuses on technical considerations for achieving very low resistance at these interfaces applicable to a wide range of devices. Such devices include high current splices in large scale particle accelerators and fusion devices at one end of the spectrum (Chapter E5.2), extremely low resistivity joints required for on-chip interconnects and persistent-current magnets at the other end (Chapter E5.3), as well as the field of laboratory measurements essential for characterizing conductors for these applications across the entire range.
The Effect of Boron Supplementation on Lean Body Mass, Plasma Testosterone Levels, and Strength in Male Bodybuilders (1993)

The effect of boron supplementation was investigated in 19 male bodybuilders ages 20-27 years. Ten were given a 2.5-mg boron supplement while 9 were given a placebo every day for 7 weeks. Plasma total and free testosterone, plasma boron, lean body mass, and strength measurements were determined on Days 1 and 49 of the study. Plasma boron values were significantly (p < 0.05) different as the experimental group increased from (+/- SD) 20.1 +/- 7.7 ppb pretest to 32.6 +/- 27.6 ppb posttest, while the control group mean decreased from 15.1 +/- 14.4 ppb pretest to 6.3 +/- 5.5 ppb posttest. Analysis of variance indicated no significant effect of boron supplementation on any of the dependent variables. Both groups demonstrated significant increases in total testosterone, lean body mass, 1-RM squat, and 1-RM bench press. The findings suggest that 7 weeks of bodybuilding can increase total testosterone, lean body mass, and strength in lesser trained bodybuilders, and that boron supplementation had no effect on these measures.
Cigarette smoke-induced accumulation of lung dendritic cells is interleukin-1α-dependent in mice (2012)

Our findings convey the importance of IL-1R1/IL-1α to the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells in response to cigarette smoke exposure.
Transforming Undergraduate Engineering Education with 3D Virtual Reality Laboratory (2020)

We have been developing a unique set of 3D virtual laboratory experiments for use in an undergraduate materials science course, community college instructions, for demonstrations to the public and hands-on recruiting events for middle and high school students. The methodology and technology used is designed to make it possible to easily disseminate the laboratory to a large variety of institutions and locations. The fact that the laboratory is fully interactive makes for a realistic experience for the student.
Surface reaction of bis(tertbutylimido)bis(diethylamido)tungsten precursor on Si(100)–(2×1) (2003)

Thermal decomposition of a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition precursor, (t-BuN=)2W(–NEt2)2, (bis(tertbutylimido)bis(diethylamido)tungsten, on Si(100) has been studied by means of synchrotron radiation-based x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy. The resultant thin films consist of tungsten metal, silicon carbides and silicon nitrides. Major desorption products originated from ligand decomposition include imine (C2H5N=CHCH3) that is derived from β-H elimination of diethylamido ligand, and isobutene (C4H8) that is generated from γ-H elimination of t-butylimido ligands. The transmetalation of the precursor leads to tungsten metal adsorption on Si(100); by contrast, tungsten nitrides, tungsten carbides and tungsten oxides are produced as the same precursor is decomposed on SiO2 surface.