gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution-Grown Zinc Oxide Nanowires (2006)

We review two strategies for growing ZnO nanowires from zinc salts in aqueous and organic solvents. Wire arrays with diameters in the nanoscale regime can be grown in an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine. With the addition of poly(ethylenimine), the lengths of the wires have been increased to 25 mum with aspect ratios over 125. Additionally, these arrays were made vertical by nucleating the wires from oriented ZnO nanocrystals. ZnO nanowire bundles have been produced by decomposing zinc acetate in trioctylamine. By the addition of a metal salt to the solution, the ZnO wires can be doped with a range of transition metals. Specifically, ZnO nanowires were homogeneously doped with cobalt and showed a marked deviation from paramagnetic behavior. We conclude by highlighting the use of these solution-grown nanowire arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells. The nanowire cells showed an improvement in the charge collection efficiency over traditional nanoparticle cells.
The effect of baseline factors on treatment response with MK-7264, a P2X3 antagonist, in refractory chronic cough. (2018)

<b>Objectives:</b> We evaluated demographic and baseline characteristics associated with efficacy response with MK-7264, a P2X3 antagonist, in refractory chronic cough patients. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with chronic cough (duration of ≥1 year) refractory to treatment enrolled in a double-blind, parallel group study (NCT02612610) conducted in the US and UK and were randomized to placebo or MK-7264 (7.5 mg BID, 20 mg BID, or 50 mg BID). Awake Cough Frequency (ACF; coughs/hr) after 12 weeks was the primary endpoint; treatment effect was evaluated using a mixed model repeated measures analysis of log-transformed change from baseline adjusting for log-transformed baseline cough count, duration of cough, country, age, sex, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction. <b>Results:</b> 253 patients (mean age 60 years; 76% female) were randomized. Adjusted to placebo, ACF was significantly reduced by MK-7264 50 mg (p=0.0027) (1); we observed a statistically significant country effect with a larger reduction in ACF in the US vs. the UK. Demographic and baseline cough characteristics between the two countries were comparable. <b>Conclusions:</b> This analysis suggests consistent treatment effect with MK-7264 across a range of factors (e.g. baseline cough count, duration of cough, age, sex, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction), though some difference in response by region was observed. Further assessment across a broader range of subjects and regions would be informative. <b>Reference:</b> (1) Smith JA et al. American Thoracic Society 2017.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF FORMALDEHYDE WITH REGIOSPECIFICALLY GENERATED ANIONS (1975)

Abstract Das Cyclohexenon (I) reagiert mit Methylmagnesiumbromid regiospezifisch unter Bildung des Enolats (II), aus dem man das Formaldehyd‐Kondensationsprodukt (III) als Stereoisomerengemisch erhält.
Comparison of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography under moderate sedation for guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (2018)

The optimal periprocedural imaging strategy during transcathether aortic valve replacement (TAVR) performed under moderate sedation is debated. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides suboptimal views due to poorer resolution and patient positioning, whereas use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under moderate sedation is not widely utilized. The aim of our study was to compare the value of TTE in comparison with TEE guidance under moderate sedation during TAVR. The study population included 144 consecutive patients (mean age 83 ± 11 years, 78 (54%) females) who had TAVR under moderate sedation using either a TTE (<i>n</i> = 96) or TEE (<i>n</i> = 48). We compared procedural outcomes using propensity score matching. There were no significant inter-group differences in age, sex, ejection fraction, aortic valve area, pressure gradients, creatinine or type of valve used. The procedural time was significantly shorter in the TEE group (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and associated with a lower need for periprocedural aortograms (7.7 ± 1.9 vs 8.2 ± 1.9, <i>P</i> = 0.022) and a lower occurrence of acute kidney injury (1 vs 11, <i>P</i> = 0.047). The 1:1 propensity score matching also showed a lower procedural time (<i>P</i> = 0.032), number of aortograms (<i>P</i> = 0.014) and a trend toward lower acute kidney injury in the TEE group (<i>P</i> = 0.077). TAVR guidance using TEE is associated with a lower fluoroscopic time, a lower need for additional aortograms and trend in lower occurrence of post-TAVR acute kidney injury.
Optical design of the developmental cryogenic active telescope testbed (1998)

In the summer of 1996, three study teams developed conceptual designs and mission architectures for the NGST. All three conceptual designs provided scientific capabilities that met or surpassed those envisioned by the Hubble Space Telescope and Beyond Committee. Each group highlighted areas of technology study included: deployable structures, lightweight optics, cryogenic optics and mechanisms, passive cooling, a non-orbit closed loop wavefront sensing and control. NASA and industry are currently planning to develop a series of ground testbeds and validation flights to demonstrate many of these technologies. The developmental cryogenic active telescope testbed (DCATT) is a system level testbed to be developed at Goddard Space Flight Center in three phases over an extended period of time. This testbed will combine an actively controlled telescope with the hardware and software elements of a closed loop wavefront sensing and control system to achieve diffraction limited imaging at 2 microns. We will present an overview of the system level requirements, a discussion of the optical design, and results of performance analyses for the Phase 1 ambient concept for DCATT.
Coronary Intervention for Persistent Occlusion after Myocardial Infarction (2006)

PCI did not reduce the occurrence of death, reinfarction, or heart failure, and there was a trend toward excess reinfarction during 4 years of follow-up in stable patients with occlusion of the infarct-related artery 3 to 28 days after myocardial infarction. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004562 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Short Communication: Antibody Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope from Infections with Multiple Subtypes Utilize the 1F7-Idiotypic Repertoire (2012)

A common idiotype of anti-HIV antibodies (Abs), designated as 1F7, was recently observed on anti-HIV broadly neutralizing Abs (BnAbs). The presence of the 1F7-idiotype on BnAbs suggests that continuous selection of 1F7-idiotypic Abs may allow these clones to achieve the somatic hypermutation necessary for broad neutralization. As the selection of type-specific BnAbs occurs in the setting of infections with a wide array of HIV subtypes, we investigated Abs from subjects infected with diverse subtypes for the selection of 1F7-idiotypic Abs. We observed the 1F7-idiotype on antiviral Abs in infections with various HIV subtypes. Furthermore, gp140-specific 1F7-idiotypic Abs recognized the gp140 antigens from several HIV subtypes. These results demonstrate that the 1F7-idiotype is a common characteristic of Abs from infections with diverse HIV subtypes, and suggests that early cross-reactivity of 1F7-idiotypic clones may act in conjunction with somatic hypermutation to produce BnAbs.
Multinary-Signaling-Based Coded Modulation for Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Transport (2015)

A multinary-signaling-based coded-modulation (CM) scheme is proposed, which is suitable for various applications ranging from multi-Tb/s to multi-Pb/s data rates, outperforming conventional CM schemes in terms of both spectral and energy efficiencies. The corresponding multinary signal constellation design algorithm is also proposed. Both 2-D and 3-D multinary-signaling-based CM schemes have been studied.
EFFICACY OF A PREVASCULARIZED EXPANDED POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE SOLID SUPPORT SYSTEM AS A TRANSPLANTATION SITE FOR PANCREATIC ISLETS1 (1997)

An intraperitoneally located and prevascularized expanded polytetrafluoroethylene solid support is potentially a suitable transplantation site for encapsulated pancreatic islets, because it allows for both the implantation of a large volume islet graft in the immediate vicinity of blood vessels, and its complete removal. The present study investigates the efficacy of such solid supports for the implantation of nonencapsulated islet isografts in streptozotocin diabetic rat recipients. These solid supports were always coated with acidic fibroblast growth factor, because we found that this growth factor enhances the neovascularization. The success rates of 5-microl (group A) and 10-microl (group B) islet isografts in solid supports were compared with the success rates of 5-microl (group C) and 10-microl (group D) islet isografts implanted in the unmodified peritoneal cavity. Four of seven rats in group A and all seven rats in group B became normoglycemic for at least 6 months. Only two of eight rats in group C and four of eleven rats in group D showed normoglycemia. The normoglycemia lasted for at least 6 months in zero of two animals in group C and in three of four animals in group D. Because of the low success rates in groups C and D, intravenous and oral glucose testing were restricted to the successful recipients in groups A and B. Glucose tolerance was found to be proportional to the grafted islet volume but, expectedly, in both groups the glucose tolerance and the insulin responses were somewhat lower than in controls. Thus, the prevascularized expanded polytetrafluoroethylene solid support, rather than the unmodified peritoneal cavity, is an efficacious transplantation site, potentially suitable for encapsulated islets.
Loss minimization control of an induction motor drive (1991)

A practical method for operating an inverter-fed induction motor drive at the point of maximum efficiency while maintaining any particular torque-speed load point is presented. The design and operation of an economical, microprocessor-based adaptive controller used to modify a commercially available six-step inverter for minimum loss operation of an induction motor are described. Experimental results are presented in graphical form, giving comparison of overall drive system efficiencies between loss minimization control and constant volts/hertz control operation for a standard-efficiency induction motor with a 10 hp rating. The greatest potential for energy savings is found to exist for the case of loads with nonlinear torque-speed characteristics, such as a fan or pump load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Material Conversion from Various Incinerated Ashes Using Alkali Fusion Method (2010)

Conversion of three different types of incineration ash, coal fly ash (CFA), paper sludge fly ash (PSFA) and industrial waste incineration fly ash (IWIFA) into useful materials using the alkali fusion method is attempted. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of these ashes differed. The order of Ca content in the ash was IWIFA>PSFA>CFA, while the Si and Al contents in the ashes were CFA>PSFA>IWIFA. CFA was mainly composed of quartz [SiO2] and mullite [3Al2O3·2SiO2], PSFA mainly of gehlenite [Ca2Al2SiO7], anorthite [CaAl2Si2O8] and talc [Mg3Si4O10(OH)2], and IWIFA mainly of portlandite [Ca(OH)2], halite [NaCl] and sylvine [KCl]. Zeolites (zeolite-X, -A, -P and hydroxysodalite), hydrogrossular (katoite), and calcite were synthesized from the ashes. With an increasing Ca content of the ash, the Si concentration in the solution decreased, and the main product phases changed from zeolite (aluminosilicate) to hydrogrossular (calcium aluminosilicate), and finally to calcite (calcium carbonate). The observed concentrations of Si, Al, and Na in the solution during the reaction explain the crystallization of these phases.
Comparison with Reversibly Bound Agonists at Electrophorus Electrop laques (1980)

After disulphide bonds are reduced with dithiothreitol, trans-3- (a-bromomethyl)-3'- (a- (t rimethylammonium ) methyl)azobenzene (trans-QBr) alkylates a sulfhydryl group on receptors. The membrane conductance induced by this agonist shares many properties with that induced by reversible agonists. Equilibrium conductance increases as the membrane potential is made more negative; the voltage sensitivity resembles that seen with 50 btM carbachol. Voltage-jump relaxations follow an exponential time-course; the rate constants are about twice as large as those seen with 50 #M carbachol and have the same voltage and temperature sensitivity. With reversible agonists, the rate of channel opening increases with the frequency of agonist-receptor collisions: with tethered trans-QBr, this rate depends only on intramolecular events. In comparison to the conductance induced by reversible agonists, the QBr-induced conductance is at least 10-fold less sensitive to competitive by tubocurarine and roughly as sensitive to open-channel blockade by QX-222. Light-flash experiments with tethered QBr resemble those with the reversible photoisomerizable agonist, 3,3',bis-(a-(tri methylammonium)m ethyl)azobenzene (Bis-Q): the conductance is increased by cis ~ trans photoisomerizations and decreased by trans --* ds photoisomerizations. As with Bis-Q, light-flash relaxations have the same rate constant as voltage-jump relaxations. Receptors with tethered cis-QBr have a channel duration severalfold briefer than with the tethered trans isomer. By comparing the agonist-induced conductance with the cis/trans ratio, we conclude that each channel's activation is determined by the configuration of a single tethered QBr molecule. The QBr-induced conductance shows slow decreases (time constant, several hundred milliseconds), which can be partially reversed by flashes. The similarities suggest that the same rate-limiting step governs the opening and closing of channels for both reversible and tethered agonists.
Enhancing the photoluminescence of peptide-coated nanocrystals (2005)

Colloidal NCs consist of an inorganic particle and an organic coating that determines their solubility, functionality, and influences their photophysics. In order for these NCs to be biocompatible, they must be water-soluble, nontoxic to the cell, and offer conjugation chemistries for attaching recognition molecules to their surfaces. In addition they should efficiently target to biomolecules of interest, be chemically stable, and preserve their high photostability. The requirements for their application in single-molecule biological studies are even more stringent: fluorescent NCs should be monodisperse, have relatively small size (to limit steric hindrance), reduced blinking, large saturation intensity, and high quantum yield (QY).
Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides (1997)

Hematite (α-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), wüstite (FeO), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), goethite (α-FeOOH), lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and δ-FeOOH were studied by Raman microscopy. Such compounds have already been studied by Raman spectroscopy, but there are some disagreements in the reported data. Here, Raman microscopy was employed to investigate the laser power dependence of the spectra of these oxides and oxyhydroxides. Low laser power was used for the reference spectra in order to minimize the risks of spectral changes due to sample degradation. The results obtained show that increasing laser power causes the characteristic bands of hematite to show up in the spectra of most of the compounds studied whereas the hematite spectrum undergoes band broadening and band shifts. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A scalar subgrid model with flow structure for large-eddy simulations of scalar variances (2000)

A new model to simulate passive scalar fields in large-eddy simulations of turbulence is presented. The scalar field is described by clouds of tracer particles and the subgrid contribution of the tracer displacement is modelled by a kinematic model which obeys Kolmogorov's inertial-range scaling, is incompressible and incorporates turbulent-like flow structure of the turbulent small scales. This makes it possible to study the scalar variance field with inertial-range effects explicitly resolved by the kinematic subgrid field while the LES determines the value of the Lagrangian integral time scale T L . In this way, the modelling approach does not rely on unknown Lagrangian input parameters which determine the absolute value of the scalar variance. The mean separation of particle pairs displays a well-defined Richardson scaling in the inertial range, and we find that the Richardson constant G Δ ≈ 0.07 which is small compared to the value obtained from stochastic models with the same T L . The probability density function of the separation of particle pairs is found to be highly non-Gaussian in the inertial range of times and for long times becomes Gaussian. We compute the scalar variance field for an instantaneous line source and find good agreement with experimental data.
Case 18-2009 (2009)

A 24-year-old woman with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted to a hospital in South Africa because of progressive cough, dyspnea, and wasting. A diagnosis of tuberculosis had been made 7 months earlier, and HIV infection 6 months earlier. Cough and positive sputum smears persisted, and despite broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and supportive care, her condition worsened and she died on the 20th hospital day.
Characterising small objects in the regime between the eddy current model and wave propagation (2023)

Abstract Being able to characterise objects at low frequencies, but in situations where the modelling error in the eddy current approximation of the Maxwell system becomes large, is important for improving current metal detection technologies. Importantly, the modelling error becomes large as the frequency increases, but the accuracy of the eddy current model also depends on the object topology and on its materials, with the error being much larger for certain geometries compared to others of the same size and materials. Additionally, the eddy current model breaks down at much smaller frequencies for highly magnetic conducting materials compared to non-permeable objects (with similar conductivities, sizes and shapes) and, hence, characterising small magnetic objects made of permeable materials using the eddy current at typical frequencies of operation for a metal detector is not always possible. To address this, we derive a new asymptotic expansion for permeable highly conducting objects that is valid for small objects and holds not only for frequencies where the eddy current model is valid but also for situations where the eddy current modelling error becomes large and applying the eddy approximation would be invalid. The leading-order term we derive leads to new forms of object characterisations in terms of polarizability tensor object descriptions where the coefficients can be obtained from solving vectorial transmission problems. We expect these new characterisations to be important when considering objects at greater stand-off distance from the coils, which is important for safety critical applications, such as the identification of landmines, unexploded ordnance and concealed weapons. We also expect our results to be important when characterising artefacts of archaeological and forensic significance at greater depths than the eddy current model allows and to have further applications parking sensors and improving the detection of hidden, out-of-sight, metallic objects.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has higher revisions than total knee arthroplasty at long term follow‐up: a registry study on 6453 prostheses (2020)

Level 3, therapeutic study.
Emission and Absorption of Single Photons by Single Atoms (2012)

For quantum networking, we show high-rate single-mode emission of bandwidth-tunable single photons from a single ion, and heralded absorption by the ion of single photons from SPDC photon pairs. The heralded absorption preserves entanglement.
Bacterial phytotoxins, syringomycin, syringostatin and syringotoxin, exert their effect on the plasma membrane H+‐ATPase partly by a detergent‐like action and partly by inhibition of the enzyme (1992)

Syringostatin is a newly discovered phytotoxin produced by a phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae lilac isolate. The effects of syringostatin and the similar phytotoxins, syringomycin and syringotoxin, on H − ‐ATPase activity were investigated using cultured mung bean ( Vigna radiata L. cv. Ryokuto) cells or plasma membrane vesicles isolated from mung bean hypocotyls. 31 P‐NMR analysis of cultured cells treated with syringostatin revealed that the cytoplasmic pH was decreased. When plasma membrane was prepared by a two‐step method (Dextran gradient followed by a sucrose gradient). syringostatin, syringomycin and syringotoxin inhibited the H + ‐ATPase activity in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, these toxins stimulated H + ‐ATPase activity when plasma membrane was prepared by a one‐step method (sucrose gradient). While these toxins inhibited the H + ‐ATPase activity of inside‐out plasma membrane vesicles, the H + ‐ATPase activity of right‐side‐out vesicles was stimulated. The detergent. Triton X‐100, abolished this stimulatory effect of the toxins on the H + ‐ATPase of right‐side‐out vesicles and of one‐step purified plasma membrane. The toxins also inhibited the activity of the plasma membrane H + ‐ATPase solubilized with deoxycholate and Zwittergent 3–14. Taken together, these results indicate that these toxins exert their effects partly by a detergent‐like action on the plasma membrane and partly by inhibition of the enzyme.
GOOD TO KNOW: The ALPPS Procedure - Embracing a New Technique (2017)

The ALPPS technique is a therapeutic method for inoperable liver tumors by standard methods of hepatectomy ± portal vein ligation (PVL). By careful patient selection and technical adjustment to the particular conditions of each case, better outcomes have been achieved, leading toan increasing number of surgeons who perform ALPPS.
Comorbid conditions and survival in unselected, newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2008)

Little is known about the spectrum or frequency of comorbidities in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We investigated the prevalence and prognostic implications of comorbidities in patients with newly diagnosed CLL. Local/non-referred patients with CLL evaluated by a hematologist at Mayo Clinic within 1 year of diagnosis were eligible for this retrospective review. Of 1195 individuals evaluated for newly-diagnosed CLL between 1995 and 2006, 373 (31%) were local/non-referred. At diagnosis, 89% of these patients had one or more comorbidities, and 46% had at least one major comorbidity. Twenty-six percent of patients failed to meet NCI working group guidelines to participate in a clinical trial. On multi-factor analysis, Rai risk category (1.39 per each risk category increase; p < 0.0001) and age (1.056 per year increase; p < 0.0001) were the only factors associated with overall survival. We conclude that, although common, comorbid conditions are less important than age and stage in predicting prognosis in newly diagnosed patients with CLL. Clinical trials evaluating treatments that are designed to be tolerated by patients who do not meet traditional clinical trial eligibility criteria are needed.