gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ONC201 Demonstrates Antitumor Effects in Both Triple-Negative and Non–Triple-Negative Breast Cancers through TRAIL-Dependent and TRAIL-Independent Mechanisms (2017)

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been of interest as a cancer therapeutic, but only a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is sensitive to TRAIL. The small-molecule ONC201 induces expression of TRAIL and its receptor DR5. ONC201 has entered clinical trials in advanced cancers. Here, we show that ONC201 is efficacious against both TNBC and non-TNBC cells (<i>n</i> = 13). A subset of TNBC and non-TNBC cells succumbs to ONC201-induced cell death. In 2 of 8 TNBC cell lines, ONC201 treatment induces caspase-8 cleavage and cell death that is blocked by TRAIL-neutralizing antibody RIK2. The proapoptotic effect of ONC201 translates to <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft model. In most TNBC lines tested (6/8), ONC201 has an antiproliferative effect but does not induce apoptosis. ONC201 decreases cyclin D1 expression and causes an accumulation of cells in the G<sub>1</sub> phase of the cell cycle. pRb expression is associated with sensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of ONC201, and the compound synergizes with taxanes in less sensitive cells. All non-TNBC cells (<i>n</i> = 5) are growth inhibited following ONC201 treatment, and unlike what has been observed with TRAIL, a subset (<i>n</i> = 2) shows PARP cleavage. In these cells, cell death induced by ONC201 is TRAIL independent. Our data demonstrate that ONC201 has potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in a broad range of breast cancer subtypes, through TRAIL-dependent and TRAIL-independent mechanisms. These findings develop a preclinical rationale for developing ONC201 as a single agent and/or in combination with approved therapies in breast cancer. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1290-8. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A century of scanning array technology (2014)

This paper describes the developments that led to array scanning, with emphasis on the early years when scanning transitioned from concept to fact. The paper emphasizes the role that technology played in the time-line for this transition.
One pot synthesis of substituted 2-(phenoxymethyl)-1-phenyl-1Hbenzo(d)imidazoles and their bioactivity evaluations (2010)

ASeries of 2-(Phenoxymethyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo(d)imidazole,with different substituentÂs at the phenoxymethyl ring have been synthesized in good yields by the condensation of N1-phenylbenzene-1,2-diaminedihydrochloride and substituted henoxyacetic acids in presence of water as solvent under reflux condition. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their bioactivity studies like antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal.
Phase Velocity in Resonant Structures (2006)

We present a simple experimental procedure for testing of the phase-velocity behavior with respect to the effective material properties as demonstrated by the field dependent behavior of the metafilm. We have demonstrated that the phase-velocity behavior of an effective parameter material under different conditions, and have shown that a negative-phase velocity is not a sufficient condition for NIM identification.
Tailor-made crystalline structures of truncated S-layer proteins on heteropolysaccharides (2008)

Two surface (S-)layer proteins, both binding specifically to a heteropolysaccharide and one with the additional ability to self-assemble into crystalline arrays, and mixtures of them, form nanometre-thick layers on heteropolysaccharides differing in morphology and viscoelasticity. Pure S-layer proteins formed unstructured and crystalline layers, respectively, whereas a mixture formed fractal-like, patchy structures. This finding provides essential information for the self-assembly of S-layer proteins on heteropolysaccharides and constitutes the starting point for the investigation of these patchy structures as tethering layers for functional lipid membranes.
Plasma-assisted cleanup of flue gas. Final technical report, September 1, 1993--August 31, 1994 (1994)

The objective of the proposed research is to design and implement a novel scheme for the combined removal of SO 2 and NO x uslng a dielectric-barrier discharge in con3unction with UV irradiation. This investigation requires the design of a dielectric-barrier reactor and testing the proposed scheme under different conditions that exist in a flue gas.
Dual-molecular barcode sequencing detects rare variants in tumor and cell free DNA in plasma (2020)

Conventional next generation sequencing analysis has provided important insights into cancer genetics. However, the detection of rare (low allele fraction) variants remains difficult because of the error-prone nucleotide changes derived from sequencing/PCR errors. To eliminate the false-positive variants and detect genuine rare variants, sequencing technology combined with molecular barcodes will be useful. Here, we used the newly developed dual-molecular barcode technology (Ion AmpliSeq HD) to analyze somatic mutations in 24 samples (12 tumor tissues and 12 plasma) from 12 patients with biliary-pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers. We compared the results between next generation sequencing analysis with or without molecular barcode technologies. The variant allele fraction (VAF) between non-molecular barcode and molecular barcode sequencing was correlated in plasma DNA (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.956) and tumor (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.935). Both methods successfully detected high VAF mutations, however, rare variants were only identified by molecular barcode sequencing and not by non-molecular barcode sequencing. Some of these rare variants in tumors were annotated as pathogenic, and therefore subclonal driver mutations could be observed. Furthermore, the very low VAF down to 0.17% were identified in cell free DNA in plasma. These results demonstrate that the dual molecular barcode sequencing technologies can sensitively detect rare somatic mutations, and will be important in the investigation of the clonal and subclonal architectures of tumor heterogeneity.
The failure of anti-hacking legislation (1996)

This paper observes the Hong Kong Government's position on Internet issues, and discusses why present computerrelated legislation fails to attain its goal of anti-hacking. The paper gives a Hong Kong perspective to government's effort to curb intrusion of businesses on the Internet. The Internet has grown dramatically in recent years with tens of millions of people having access to it. There are also increases in both varieties and number of businesses operating on the Internet. It is therefore more profitable for serious intruders to break into the global network and obtain illegal access to network resources. The situation will only deteriorate if not handled promptly and in a proper manner.
Risks of General Anesthesia and Elective Operation in the Hypertensive Patient (1979)

To determine the risks of general anesthesia and elective surgical procedures in patients who have histories of hypertension, the authors prospectively studied 676 consecutive operations in a series of patients more than 40 years old. All patients were examined preoperatively, monitored intraoperati
Synthetic Studies on Carbohydrate Antibiotics (1969)

Methyl N, N'-diacetyl-α-kasugaminide and its C4 epimer were synthesized starting from D-glucose, and their configurations were discussed.
Switched capacitor circuits with compensator for clock feedthrough effects (1996)

Abstract When a switched capacitor circuit is constructed, a provision for output offset voltage generation by the effect of the clock feedthrough charge is indispensable. Especially in the circuit made of individual components using commercially available analog switches, this effect is significant. In this paper, the generation mechanism of the feedthrough charge in an analog switch is analyzed and a circuit configuration method is proposed for compensation of the feedthrough effect for the integrator as the most fundamental switched capacitor circuit. Also, by a comparison experiment, with the conventional method, the effectiveness of the proposed circuit is confirmed. The circuit size is larger as an integrator itself than the one by the conventional method. However, even in the case with a multiple cascading of the integrators such as in a higher‐order filter, the feedthrough compensation is possible with only one feedback loop so that the overhead for the increased circuit size can be reduced. According to the trial circuit, the output offset voltage can be suppressed to the level of several millivolts. Hence, the present method can be applied to various operating circuits with high accuracy.
Antigen specificity of γδ T lymphocytes (1991)

gamma delta T cells represent a new lymphocyte subset without a definitive functional assignment. Although in many ways similar to alpha beta T lymphocytes, they are clearly distinguished by their expression of a different set of T cell receptor genes, a different distribution in normal tissues, and perhaps also different ligand specificities. Because gamma delta T cells appear to be involved in a variety of human diseases, the determination of their biological role has become an important challenge for immunologists and researchers in related areas.
Effects of Gamma Radiation on Single- and Multicomponent Organic Crystalline Materials (2023)

Exploration of highly ionizing radiation damage to organic materials has mainly been limited to polymers and single-component organic crystals due to their use in coatings and scintillation detection. Additional efforts are needed to create new tunable organic systems with stability in highly ionizing radiation to rationally design novel materials with controllable chemical and physical properties. Cocrystals are a promising class of compounds in this area because of the ability to rationally design bonding and molecular interactions that could lead to novel material properties. However, currently it is unclear if cocrystals exposed to radiation will maintain crystallinity, stability, and physical properties. Herein, we report the effects of γ radiation on both single-component- and multicrystalline organic materials. After irradiation with 11 kGy dose both single- (<i>trans</i>-stilbene, <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (<b>4,4'-bpe</b>), 1,<i>n</i>-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (<b>1,<i>n</i>-C<sub>6</sub>I<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), 1,<i>n</i>-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (<b>1,<i>n</i>-C<sub>6</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), 1,<i>n</i>-dihydroxybenzene (<b>1,<i>n</i>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub></b> ) (where <i>n</i> = 1, 2, or 3)), and multicomponent materials (<b>4,4'-bpe</b>)·(<b>1,<i>n</i>-C<sub>6</sub>I<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), (<b>4,4'-bpe</b>)·(<b>1,<i>n</i>-C<sub>6</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), and (<b>4,4'-bpe</b>)·(<b>1,<i>n</i>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub></b> ) were analyzed and compared to their preirradiated forms. Radiation damage was evaluated via single-crystal- and powder-X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid-state fluorimetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicated minimal changes in the lattice postirradiation, but additional crystallinity changes for bulk materials were observed via powder X-ray diffraction. Overall, cocrystalline forms with <b>4,4'-bpe</b> were more stable than the related single-component systems and were related to the relative stability of the individual conformers to γ radiation. Fluorescence signals were maintained for <i>trans</i>-stilbene and <b>4,4'-bpe</b>, but quenching of the signal was observed for the cocrystalline forms to varying degrees. Three of the single components, 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (<b>1,2-C<sub>6</sub>I<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (<b>1,4-C<sub>6</sub>I<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), and 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (<b>1,4-C<sub>6</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></b> ), also underwent sublimation within an hour of exposure to air postirradiation. Further analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy attributed this phenomenon to removal of impurities adsorbed to the crystal surface during irradiation.
Novel roles for Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog in hematopoesis derived from human pluripotent stem cells (2010)

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) derived from a number of different sources, including reprogrammed adult somatic cells, provide a powerful cellular system to study signaling pathways implicated in cell fate decisions, and generate new sources of cells for regenerative medicine. To realize this potential, it is essential to control the direction and efficiency of human PSC differentiation. Although Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathways have been implicated in the self-renewal/proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, both in vitro and in vivo, their roles in differentiation processes remain poorly explored. This review describes the role(s) of these pathways in the adult and embryonic hematopoietic system of mice and humans, with a particular emphasis on our recent studies on the hematopoietic development of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Understanding the individual and collective contributions of Notch, Wnt and HH signaling to the initial development of hematopoiesis is critical for achieving successful ex vivo expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human PSCs that will retain bona fide function comparable to adult-derived HSCs.
A case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis cured with antibiotic treatment (2006)

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is an uncommon pathogen in humans, and it is caused by zoonotic infection. It usually induces localized skin infection (erysipeloid) in most cases of human infection. Endocarditis due to E. rhusiopathie is very rare, but it causes various cardiac valve complications including valve replacement. We reported here on a case of E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis in a 71 years old man who had liver cirrhosis and no underlying cardiac disease. This case was treated with intravenous penicillin G for 30 days and he improved without any surgical intervention.
Oligomerisation and telomerisation of buta-1,3-diene catalysed by bis-(η-cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)-palladium and -platinum (1978)

The [Pd(cod)2]-catalysed reaction of buta-1,3-diene with secondary amines (morpholine, piperidine, diethylamine, or dimethylamine) affords octa-2,7-dienylamines, the highest yields being obtained with the cyclic amines. However, treatment of buta-1,3-diene with acetic acid-diethylamine in the presence of [Pd(cod)2](cod = cyclo-octa-1,5-diene) affords an improved yield of the diethylamine C8 adduct. The addition of 1 mol of PPh3 per mol of Pd has only a small effect on the above reactions. The addition of acetic acid to buta-1,3-diene is catalysed by [Pd(cod)2] to give octa-2,7-dienyl acetate and 1-vinylhex-5-enyl acetate in the ratio of 4 : 1. The [Pd(cod)2]-catalysed reaction of isoprene with morpholine affords as the major product the tail-to-tail amine adduct. The specificity of this reaction is improved by the addition of 1 mol of PPh3. The system [Pd(cod)2]–PPh3 catalyses the addition of acetaldehyde to buta-1,3-diene to form 2-methyl-3,6-divinyltetrahydropyran. With phenyl isocyanate, piperidones are formed. Reaction of buta-1,3-diene with morpholine in the presence of [Pt(cod)2] gives only octa-1,3,6-triene; however, addition of the co-catalyst Al(OPrt)3 or Al(OBut)3 leads to the formation of the octadienylamine adducts. Telomerisation of buta-1,3-diene with acetic acid catalysed by [Pt(cod)2] gives selectively octa-2,7-dienyl acetate. Possible mechanisms for these reactions are discussed.
Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion by Kisspeptin/Dynorphin/Neurokinin B Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Mouse (2009)

Kisspeptin is encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and kisspeptin signaling plays a critical role in reproduction. In rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) provide tonic drive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which in turn supports basal luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Our objectives were to determine whether preprodynorphin (Dyn) and neurokinin B (NKB) are coexpressed in Kiss1 neurons in the mouse and to evaluate its physiological significance. Using in situ hybridization, we found that Kiss1 neurons in the Arc of female mice not only express the Dyn and NKB genes but also the NKB receptor gene (NK3) and the Dyn receptor [the kappa opioid receptor (KOR)] gene. We also found that expression of the Dyn, NKB, KOR, and NK3 in the Arc are inhibited by estradiol, as has been established for Kiss1, and confirmed that Dyn and NKB inhibit LH secretion. Moreover, using Dyn and KOR knock-out mice, we found that long-term disruption of Dyn/KOR signaling compromises the rise of LH after ovariectomy. We propose a model whereby NKB and dynorphin act autosynaptically on kisspeptin neurons in the Arc to synchronize and shape the pulsatile secretion of kisspeptin and drive the release of GnRH from fibers in the median eminence.
KSRP and Roquin‐2: Mediators of PTH‐Induced Npt2a mRNA Destabilization? (2015)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) potently induces phosphaturia through the downregulation of the type IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a), at the protein and the mRNA level. We previously identified 68 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) whose phosphorylation status significantly changed in response to 30m or 2h PTH. Preliminary in silico analysis predicts that two of those RBPs – Roquin-2 and KSRP – are capable of interacting with the 3'UTR of Npt2a mRNA. We hypothesize that PTH stimulates Npt2a mRNA degradation through alterations in Roquin-2 and KSRP activity and/or expression. To address this hypothesis, we examined Roquin-2 and KSRP expression in opossum kidney (OK) cells, a proximal tubule cell culture model, treated with 100nM PTH for 15m to 2h. Western blot demonstrated a time-dependent increase in expression of both proteins in response to PTH and a decrease in expression in response to low phosphate media. Nuclear expression of KHSRP increased 10-fold following 2h PTH. Nuclear expression of Roquin-2 increased 207% after 2h PTH, and cytosolic expression increased 342%. Immunoprecipitation of either Roquin-2 or KSRP from control and PTH-treated cells was followed by RNA isolation. RT-qPCR analysis identified Npt2a mRNA from both Roquin-2 and KSRP pulldowns. We conclude that KSRP and Roquin-2 bind Npt2a mRNA and their expression is modulated by known regulators of Npt2a expression. These findings suggest that KSRP and Roquin-2 potentially mediate Npt2a mRNA destabilization in response to PTH. Funding for this research provided by VA to EDL.
Prodrugs of 5‐Aminolevullinic Acid for Photodynamic Therapy (1996)

The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) precursor for photodynamic therapy (PDT) became very popular in a short time. However, despite its advantages, ALA also has a drawback; it shows a poor ability to diffuse through biological membranes because of its low lipophilicity. As a consequence, a high dose of ALA must be administered in order to increase PpIX in the afflicted tissue at a level sufficient for PDT. A possible solution to this problem is the use of derivatives of ALA. ALA prodrugs are expected to have better diffusing properties as a result of their enhanced lipophilicity and are converted into the parent ALA after enzymatic hydrolysis. In this report, results are presented of the synthesis of a number of ALA derivatives. The ALA prodrugs were investigated regarding the optimum conditions for cell penetration and PpIX formation in an in vitro cellular test system. It is shown that several prodrugs do indeed enhance the amount of accumulated PpIX considerably as compared to ALA. Finally, the most promising prodrugs were tested in an animal model and showed increased PpIX formation under these conditions as well.
Location caching in the mobile middleware platform (2003)

The location of a mobile user is fundamental to all location-based services. To enable these services the mobile middleware platform needs to access the user's location. A a number of vendors such as Ericsson and Nokia provide mobile positioning services (MPS) that can be used to locate the user's mobile device. Push services, triggered by the user's location, also put heavy demands on the MPS. GPS technology and network based positioning has been researched in detail. Great strides are being made in improving the performance and accuracy of determining the position of a mobile device. This paper looks at performance and scalability issues in accessing positioning information from the middleware platform. We discuss an implementation where we allow the application to specify the accuracy of positioning and then use the user's current location and velocity to determine the location caching policy.
On the Stability Region of Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Relay Networks (2008)

This paper considers an amplify-and-forward relay network with fading states. Amplify-and-forward scheme (along with its variations) is the core mechanism for enabling cooperative communication in wireless networks, and hence understanding the network stability region under amplify-and-forward scheme is very important. However, in a relay network employing amplify-and-forward, the interaction between nodes is described in terms of real-valued ``packets'' (signals) instead of discrete packets (bits). This restrains the relay nodes from re-encoding the packets at desired rates. Hence, the stability analysis for relay networks employing amplify-and-forward scheme is by no means a straightforward extension of that in packet-based networks. In this paper, the stability region of a four-node relay network is characterized, and a simple throughput optimal algorithm with joint scheduling and rate allocation is proposed.
NEW LANTANUM TANTALATE PHASES INVESTIGATED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE XRD AND HIGH RESOLUTION POWDER DIFFRACTION. (2009)

Abstract not provided.
Design of a Hydrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe (2015)

Abstract In order to enhance the application of a cryocooler that provides cooling capacity at the cold head location, and effectively spread that cooling over an extended region, one requires an efficient heat transfer method. The pulsating heat pipe affords a highly effective heat transfer component that has been extensively researched at room temperature, but is recently being investigated for cryogenic applications. This paper describes the design. The experimental setup is designed to characterize the thermal performance of the PHP as a function of the applied heat, number of turns, filling ratio, inclination angle, and length of adiabatic section.
Adaptive-neighborhood histogram equalization of color images (2001)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.