gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing embedded memories in telecommunication systems (1999)

Extensive system testing is mandatory nowadays to achieve high product quality. Telecommunication systems are particularly sensitive to such a requirement; to maintain market competitiveness, manufacturers need to combine reduced costs, shorter life cycles, advanced technologies, and high quality. Moreover, strict reliability constraints usually impose very low fault latencies and a high degree of fault detection for both permanent and transient faults. This article analyzes major problems related to testing complex telecommunication systems, with particular emphasis on their memory modules, often so critical from the reliability point of view. In particular, advanced BIST-based solutions are analyzed, and two significant industrial case studies presented.
Large-angle L x-ray production by electrons (1973)

Experimental values are given for the yields and spectral energy purities of K x-ray beams emitted at 120° and 180° from various targets when bombared by 0.01- to 3.0-MeV electron beams. Yields and purities are determined for beryllium, carbon, aluminum, titanium, copper, silver, and gold targets as a function of the target thickness and target inclination angle.
Pedestrian Detection in Far Infrared Images based on the use of Probabilistic Templates (2007)

This article presents a validator stage for a pedestrian detection system based on the use of probabilistic models for the infrared domain. Four different models are employed in order to recognize the pose of the pedestrians; open, almost open, almost closed and fully closed legs are detected. In an attempt to overcome the drawbacks of template-matching in far infrared images, two different approaches are proposed. The algorithm has been tested on an experimental vehicle in different situations and a receiver operating characteristic has been computed.
Ethical and regulatory issues of stem cell-derived 3-dimensional organoid and tissue therapy for personalised regenerative medicine (2022)

The potential use of 3-dimensional organoid and tissue therapy may deliver greater patient benefits than other regenerative medicine approaches, but raises new health and ethical risks. Preclinical testing of these therapies will not mitigate some of their risks; they may only be understood after first-in-human trials. The potential irreversibility and high risk of these therapies affects how clinical trials should be structured, including post-trial care for participants.
A highly integrated optical sensor for point of care label free identification of pathogenic bacteria strains and their antibiotic resistance (2010)

A highly integrated optical sensor for point of care label free identification of pathogenic bacteria strains and their antibiotic resistance
Interaction of the HpaI endonuclease with synthetic oligonucleotides (1982)

To determine which functional groups of bases within the grooves of double-helical DNA interact with the HpaI endonuclease, we have employed chemically synthesized octanucleotides containing base analogues. The 5-methyl group of thymine was probed as a contact between the HpaI endonuclease and its recognition sequence by using the oligonucleotides d(G-G-T-T-A-A-C-C), d(G-G-T-U-A-A-C-C), and d(G-G-T-U(Br)-A-A-C-C). The 2-amino group of guanine was probed as a contact for the HpaI endonuclease by using the octanucleotide d(G-I-T-T-A-A-C-C). The HpaI endonuclease cleaves octanucleotides d(G-G-T-T-A-A-C-C) and d(G-G-T-B-A-A-C-C) according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, both the Km and turnover number for d(G-G-T-B-A-A-C-C) were severalfold lower than those for cleavage of d(G-G-T-T-A-A-C-C). In addition, d(G-G-T-U-A-A-C-C) was not cleaved by HpaI endonuclease, suggesting that the 5-methyl group of thymine is a contact between the HpaI endonuclease and its recognition sequence. d(G-I-T-T-A-A-C-C) was not cleaved by the HpaI endonuclease which may be due in part to the low thermal stability of the duplex. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the 2-amino group of guanine is a contact for the HpaI endonuclease. A phosphate group 5' external to the HpaI recognition sequence has been identified as a contact between the HpaI endonuclease and DNA. The HpaI endonuclease cleaved 5'-phosphorylated octanucleotide 30-fold faster than unphosphorylated octanucleotide. In addition, the Km of the d(G-G-T-T-A-A-C-C) was 8000-fold higher than the Km of the phage f1 RFI DNA, suggesting that the octanucleotide is too short to take advantage of the entire DNA binding site of the enzyme.
A charging and rewarding scheme for packet forwarding in multi-hop cellular networks (2003)

In multi-hop cellular networks, data packets have to be relayed hop by hop from a given mobile station to a base station and vice-versa. This means that the mobile stations must accept to forward information for the benefit of other stations. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism that is based on a charging/rewarding scheme and that makes collaboration rational for selfish nodes. We base our solution on symmetric cryptography to cope with the limited resources of the mobile stations. We provide a set of protocols and study their robustness with respect to various attacks. By leveraging on the relative stability of the routes, our solution leads to a very moderate overhead.
Cysteamine suppresses human peripheral blood mononuclear cells--human corneal endothelial cell reaction via reactive oxygen species reduction. (2011)

This study showed that CYS decreased PBMC proliferation, IL-6 and TGF-β1 levels via ROS formation. Our results suggest that CYS could suppress inflammation associated with PBMCs to corneal endothelial cells.
Coexistence of gamma and high‐frequency oscillations in rat medial entorhinal cortex in vitro (2004)

High frequency oscillations (> 80-90 Hz) occur in neocortex and hippocampus in vivo where they are associated with specific behavioural states and more classical EEG frequency bands. In the hippocampus in vitro these oscillations can occur in the absence of pyramidal neuronal somatodendritic compartments and are temporally correlated with on-going, persistent gamma frequency oscillations. Their occurrence in the hippocampus is dependent on gap-junctional communication and it has been suggested that these high frequency oscillations originate as collective behaviour in populations of electrically coupled principal cell axonal compartments. Here we demonstrate that the superficial layers of medial entorhinal cortex can also generate high frequency oscillations associated with gamma rhythms. During persistent gamma frequency oscillations high frequency oscillations occur with a high bispectral coherence with the field gamma activity. Bursts of high frequency oscillations are temporally correlated with both the onset of compound excitatory postsynaptic potentials in fast-spiking interneurones and spikelet potentials in both pyramidal and stellate principal neurones. Both the gamma frequency and high frequency oscillations were attenuated by the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone. These data suggest that high frequency oscillations may represent the substrate for phasic drive to interneurones during persistent gamma oscillations in the medial entorhinal cortex.
Approximate quantum non-demolition measurements (2019)

With the advent of gravitational wave detectors employing squeezed light, quantum waveform estimation---estimating a time-dependent signal by means of a quantum-mechanical probe---is of increasing importance. As is well known, backaction of quantum measurement limits the precision with which the waveform can be estimated, though these limits can in principle be overcome by "quantum nondemolition" (QND) measurement setups found in the literature. Strictly speaking, however, their implementation would require infinite energy, as their mathematical description involves Hamiltonians unbounded from below. This raises the question of how well one may approximate nondemolition setups with finite energy or finite-dimensional realizations. Here we consider a finite-dimensional waveform estimation setup based on the "quasi-ideal clock" and show that the estimation errors due to approximating the QND condition decrease slowly, as a power law, with increasing dimension. As a result, we find that good QND approximations require large energy or dimensionality. We argue that this result can be expected to also hold for setups based on truncated oscillators or spin systems.
Inter-procedural stacked register allocation for itanium® like architecture (2003)

A hardware managed register stack, Register Stack Engine (RSE), is implemented in Itanium® architecture to provide a unified and flexible register structure to software. The compiler allocates each procedure a register stack frame with its size explicitly specified using an alloc instruction. When the total number of registers used by the procedures on the call stack exceeds the number of physical registers, RSE performs automatically register overflows and fills to ensure that the current procedure has its requested registers available. The virtual register stack frames and RSE alleviate the need of explicit spills by the compiler, but our experimental results indicate that a trade-off exists between using stacked registers and explicit spills under high register pressure due to the uneven cost between them. In this work, we introduce the stacked register quota assignment problem based on the observation that reducing stacked register usage in some procedures could reduce the total memory access time of spilling registers, which includes the time caused by the loads/stores due to explicit register spills and RSE overflows/fills. We propose a new inter-procedural algorithm to solve the problem by allocating stacked registers across procedures based on a quantitative cost model. The results show that our approach can improve performance significantly for the programs with high RSE overflow cost, e.g. perlbmk and crafty, improved by 14% and 3.7%, respectively.
Artificial pore blocker acts specifically on voltage-gated potassium channel isoform KV1.6 (2022)

Among voltage-gated potassium channel (K<sub>V</sub>) isoforms, K<sub>V</sub>1.6 is one of the most widespread in the nervous system. However, there are little data concerning its physiological significance, in part due to the scarcity of specific ligands. The known high-affinity ligands of K<sub>V</sub>1.6 lack selectivity, and conversely, its selective ligands show low affinity. Here, we present a designer peptide with both high affinity and selectivity to K<sub>V</sub>1.6. Previously, we have demonstrated that K<sub>V</sub> isoform-selective peptides can be constructed based on the simplistic α-hairpinin scaffold, and we obtained a number of artificial Tk-hefu peptides showing selective blockage of K<sub>V</sub>1.3 in the submicromolar range. We have now proposed amino acid substitutions to enhance their activity. As a result, we have been able to produce Tk-hefu-11 that shows an EC<sub>50</sub> of ≈70 nM against K<sub>V</sub>1.3. Quite surprisingly, Tk-hefu-11 turns out to block K<sub>V</sub>1.6 with even higher potency, presenting an EC<sub>50</sub> of ≈10 nM. Furthermore, we have solved the peptide structure and used molecular dynamics to investigate the determinants of selective interactions between artificial α-hairpinins and K<sub>V</sub> channels to explain the dramatic increase in K<sub>V</sub>1.6 affinity. Since K<sub>V</sub>1.3 is not highly expressed in the nervous system, we hope that Tk-hefu-11 will be useful in studies of K<sub>V</sub>1.6 and its functions.
Loss of SLC45A3 protein (prostein) expression in prostate cancer is associated with SLC45A3‐ERG gene rearrangement and an unfavorable clinical course (2012)

The majority of prostate cancer harbors recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, most commonly ERG. The second most common 5' fusion partner after TMPRSS2 is SLC45A3. The aim of our study was to quantify the protein expression of ERG, TMPRSS2 and SLC45A3 in prostate cancer to assess for diagnostic or prognostic utility. Six hundred and forty consecutive prostate cancer cases in tissue microarray format were immunohistochemically analyzed for ERG, TMPRSS2 and SLC45A3 protein. Resultant protein expression data was correlated to the respective gene rearrangement status and clinico-pathological parameters including PSA follow up times. ERG showed no expression in benign prostate glands. In cancer tissue, ERG protein expression showed a high rate of concordance with an underlying ERG rearrangement (91.5%). SLC45A3 showed a weaker expression in cancer as compared to benign tissue, which was pronounced in cases with SLC45A3-ERG fusion. Importantly, SLC45A3 down regulation was significantly associated with shorter PSA-free survival times. In contrast, TMPRSS2 was neither differentially expressed nor did it show a correlation between protein expression and rearrangement status. This study provides first evidence that the expression of SLC45A3 protein is down regulated through SLC45A3-ERG fusion in prostate cancer. Moreover, these cases may represent a distinct molecular subclass of ERG rearranged prostate cancer with distinct clinical features. This study also confirms that ERG protein expression is predominantly found in prostate carcinomas with ERG gene rearrangement and does not occur in benign glands.
Characterization of Human MetalESDReference Discharge Event and CorrelationofGenerator Parameters to Failure Levels—Part I: Reference Event (2004)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) generators are used for testing the robustness of electronics toward ESD. Most generators are built in accordance with the IEC 61000-4-2 specifications. Using only a few parameters, this standard specifies the peak current, the rise time and the falling edge. Lacking a transient field specification, test results vary depending on which generator is used, even if the currents are quite similar. Such a specification is needed to improve the test repeatability. As for the current, the specification should be based on a reference human metal ESD event. While keeping the presently set peak current and rise time values, such a reference ESD (5 kV, 850-/spl mu/m arc length) is identified and specifications for current derivative, fields, and induced voltages are derived. The reference event parameters are compared to typical ESD generators.
Video Distribution and Media Institutes (1981)

Media institutes find themselves in a dilemma, uenerally they are keen to start the distribution of video cassettes in their country or region but first they have to find out which one of the several different (and non-interchangeable) video systems they should choose. It seems likely that, out of the present diversity, one or two systems will emerge, preferable to other systems on grounds of cost, quality and simplicity of handling, both in distribution and use in the classroom. It is, of course desirable that the media institutes should be in a position to opt for a particular system.
Cataract and Glaucoma Development in Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Batten Disease) (2014)

Cataract formation and a secondary acute glaucoma are complications in JNCL which do occur. We recommend that a complete ophthalmological examination of the anterior segment should be performed routinely in patients with JNCL beyond the age of 16 years of age in order to prevent a painful and harmful acute glaucoma which may occur due to mature cataract formation.
Mechanisms of heat transfer between a droplet and a plasma jet in Suspension Plasma Spraying (2014)

This article describes a small-scale modeling investigation of the suspension plasma spraying process. The heat transfer between a droplet of pure water and an Ar/H2 plasma jet was analyzed. The low dwell time of the droplet in the flow before impacting the substrate leads to consider radiation as not the main mechanism while convection and conduction were enhanced as the droplet became deformed.
On self organization: model for ionization wave propagation with targets of varying electrical properties (2022)

Abstract This work presents a model for an atmospheric helium plasma interacting with normal and cancer cells. This interaction is simulated through the expansion and impingement of a gaseous jet onto targets with varying electrical permittivity. Simulation results show that for a plasma jet impinging onto two targets with different permittivity placed axis-symmetrically relative to the stagnation point of impingement, the jet is biased toward the target with lower permittivity when the target acts as a floating potential. This trend is reversed when the back surface of the target is grounded. In the case of a floating target, higher target permittivity yields a higher positive surface potential as the material experiences higher polarization in response to the net flux of electrons from the plasma onto the surface. Because of this higher surface potential, targets with higher permittivity generate a smaller electric field in the discharge column relative to materials with lower permittivity. When the back surface of the target is ground, the trend is reversed, with polarization occurring primarily on the back surface due to the response to the reservoir of positive charges introduced by ground. In the ground case, the material experiences more negative charging the front surface which induces a lower electric potential. As a result, the material with higher permittivity and a grounded back surface attracts plasma organization at the interface because of the higher local electric field. These numerical findings support experimental results presented by other researchers, which demonstrate selectivity of plasma jets toward some cancer cells more than others. The mechanism introduced here may help inform targeted treatment of specific cells, including those reported to be more resistant to plasma jets.
How to Enhance the Influential Power over the Subordinates (2002)

Under the new circumstance, it is of momentous significance to make achievements in social economy, politics, culture and social mode by putting the important thought of Three Represent's into practice, by improving and enhancing the Party's working style in ideology and politics, and by developing the leaders' fine qualities and cultivating their art of leadership. This paper discusses how a leader enhance his influential power over the subordinates by improving his own qualities, theoretical level, and the art of leadership. It takes crucial effect to achieve a high administrative efficiency and carry out the objectives.
A high efficiency unidirectional DC/DC converter for integrating distributed resources into DC microgrids (2015)

This paper presents a novel unidirectional DC/DC converter that can be used to transfer power from distributed resources such as Solar PV or Fuel Cells into a DC microgrid. The converter is based on the LLC topology but designed to operate in a specific region of the gain curve that provides several benefits to integration of renewable energy sources into a constant DC bus. The isolated converter shows very high efficiency, full range of zero current switching, and simple control. The novel topology also has the inherent attribute of balancing the voltage on a bipolar DC bus by automatically shifting the processed power to the pole with the lower voltage.
Some Things You Always Wanted to Know About Web Pages (But Were Too Busy to Ask) (2012)

The organic growth of the web has led to web sites that exhibit a large variety of properties. We conduct a largescale study to gain quantitative insights into the browser-side effects of the structure and behavior of thousands of the most popular web sites. We find that 50 % of web pages load more than 100 resources from more than 17 distinct hosts and make the browser process more than 730 kB of javascript. Embedded third-party advertisements are the prevailing model on the web to monetize services or content that are otherwise provided free-of-cost to end users. We quantify the effects on browser-side resource consumption caused by advertisements and find that on pages with ads, the ads make up 20 % of all HTTP requests. Furthermore, ads lead to three times as many javascript background events that prevent the processor from staying in deep sleep mode.
Multi-Object Spectroscopy in Space (1998)

From the scientific objectives of the Next Generation Space Telescope, this paper tries to constrain the design of the NGST Multi-Object Spectrograph. Several technical alternatives are presented that could address the requirements of the Design Reference Mission.
Taux de mutation et adaptation des bactéries au tube digestif (2003)

Pour étudier le rôle des bactéries mutatrices dans l’évolution des populations bactériennes, nous avons utilisé un modèle de souris à flore contrôlée. Cette étude a été réalisée en observant, chez la bactérie Escherichia coli, d’une part l’impact de la fréquence d’apparition des mutations sur la colonisation du tube digestif, un des environnements naturels de cette espèce, et, d’autre part, l’évolution du taux de mutation des populations bactériennes dans cet écosystème.
Further EOT scaling of Ge/HfO<sub>2</sub> over Si/HfO<sub>2</sub> MOS systems (2003)

In this paper, we describe a comprehensive comparision between Ge/HfO/sub 2/ and Si/HfO/sub 2/ system through physical and electrical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Stille Cross‐Coupling for the Synthesis of Natural Products (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-thin-film EUV resists beyond 20nm lithography (2011)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is one of the most promising technologies for achieving 22nm HP lithography and beyond. EUV resist is required to improve resolution limit down to less than 20nm hp. To achieve such a performance, innovative materials' development is necessary under ultra-thin resist film condition for preventing line collapse. In addition, more refined etching processes compatible with ultra-thin resist film are needed. In this study, we will report our several approaches for both materials and processes towards forming less than 20nm HP pattern under ultra-thin film condition. We will also introduce our tri-layer system formed with combination of Si-ARC stack and organic hard mask (OHM) stack for refined etching process.