gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Experimental study on effect of curcumin on inhibiting injury of free radical in pulmonary fibrosis rats]. (2006)

Curcumin can regulate the level of free radical in the body of rats with pulmonary fibrosis and lessen the oxidative injury of pulmonary tissues caused by free radical, in the body of rats with pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms of curcumin on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lie in adjusting the level of free radical and inhibiting the injury of lung tissue induced by free radical.
Heparin and β2-microglobulin amyloidogenesis (2023)

β2-Microglobulin (β2M) occurs as a precursor protein in dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), which is a major complication in lives of patients undergoing dialysis. However, the underlying mechanism by which a native β2M transform into an amyloid β2M remain unclear. This disease has developed exclusively in interstitial tissues, which suggest possible implication of extracellular matrix substances in amyloidogenesis of this precursor protein. By using our monoclonal antibody specific for amyloid β2M, we investigated the function of heparin, that is, one of the glycosaminoglycans, as associated with amyloidogenic conversion of the β2M molecule. We confirmed that heparin induced a dose-dependent and time-dependent unfolding at the C-terminal region of the β2M molecule, which led to amyloidogenic transformation of the β2M molecule and brought about intermolecular interactions between β2M and substances in the interstitial matrix such as GAGs and collagen.
Planering för ett förändrat klimat – strategi för att hantera stigande havsnivåer i fysisk planering i Ystad, Skåne (2014)

Ystads kommun arbetar med en fördjupning av översiktsplanen för staden Ystad med omnejd. Ystads havsnära läge gör att klimatförändringen kommer att innebära stora utmaningar. Stigande havsnivåer väntas leda till ökade erosions- och översvämningsrisker i kustnära områden. Samtidigt är efterfrågan på havsnära boende stor och kommunen planerar att bygga ut staden mot havet. Författarna har utrett klimatförändringens effekter och föreslagit en strategi för hur kommunen ska bemöta klimatförändringen i sin fysiska planering. Strategin är proaktiv och innebär att staden i vissa delar skyddas genom ny exploatering framför den befintliga bebyggelsen. Sandstränder och naturområden skyddas genom åtgärder som ökar deras attraktivitet så att kommunen kan fortsätta att utveckla sin turistnäring. Strategin har som målsättning att klimatanpassningen ska utföras så att den tillför ett värde för Ystad och inte enbart ses som en kostnad. Skyddsåtgärder bör vara flexibla och anpassningsbara till förändrade prognoser och teknikutveckling. Eftersom osäkerheterna är så stora inför vad klimatförändringen kommer att innebära bör kommunen sträva efter att göra så lite som möjligt, så sent som möjligt, men ändå inte för sent.
Dynamic query range for multikey searching (2002)

The use of range searching data structures for general multikey PROJECT-SELECT-JOIN queries is studied. A dynamic query range concept is introduced as a means for performing range searches in kd-trees when the search range contains multi-variable comparisons. A full implementation is described and test results are presented. Thus, through searching on the dynamic query ranges, the general PROJECT-SELECT-JOIN query implementation is facilitated in large databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fusion of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles at 4.degree.C (1982)

Small sonicated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles when incubated at 4 degrees C and high concentrations are shown to fuse completely to vesicles about 700-A diameter in 7 days, and these further fuse to about 950 A diameter vesicles after 3-4 weeks. The 950 A diameter vesicles are spherical, homogeneous, mostly unilamellar, have an internal aqueous space about 10 times that of small vesicles, and are stable for at least 6 months. The 950-A vesicles are characterized by agarose gel chromatography, freeze-fracturing electron microscopy, trapped volume measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization.
Forensic toxicology (2010)

Forensic toxicology has developed as a forensic science in recent years and is now widely used to assist in death investigations, in civil and criminal matters involving drug use, in drugs of abuse testing in correctional settings and custodial medicine, in road and workplace safety, in matters involving environmental pollution, as well as in sports doping. Drugs most commonly targeted include amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine and the opiates, but can be any other illicit substance or almost any over-the-counter or prescribed drug, as well as poisons available to the community. The discipline requires high level skills in analytical techniques with a solid knowledge of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Modern techniques rely heavily on immunoassay screening analyses and mass spectrometry (MS) for confirmatory analyses using either high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography as the separation technique. Tandem MS has become more and more popular compared to single-stage MS. It is essential that analytical systems are fully validated and fit for the purpose and the assay batches are monitored with quality controls. External proficiency programs monitor both the assay and the personnel performing the work. For a laboratory to perform optimally, it is vital that the circumstances and context of the case are known and the laboratory understands the limitations of the analytical systems used, including drug stability. Drugs and poisons can change concentration postmortem due to poor or unequal quality of blood and other specimens, anaerobic metabolism and redistribution. The latter provides the largest handicap in the interpretation of postmortem results.
Assessment of microRNA differential expression and detection in multiplexed small RNA sequencing data (2014)

Small RNA sequencing can be used to gain an unprecedented amount of detail into the microRNA transcriptome. The relatively high cost and low throughput of sequencing bases technologies can potentially be offset by the use of multiplexing. However, multiplexing involves a trade-off between increased number of sequenced samples and reduced number of reads per sample (i.e., lower depth of coverage). To assess the effect of different sequencing depths owing to multiplexing on microRNA differential expression and detection, we sequenced the small RNA of lung tissue samples collected in a clinical setting by multiplexing one, three, six, nine, or 12 samples per lane using the Illumina HiSeq 2000. As expected, the numbers of reads obtained per sample decreased as the number of samples in a multiplex increased. Furthermore, after normalization, replicate samples included in distinct multiplexes were highly correlated (R > 0.97). When detecting differential microRNA expression between groups of samples, microRNAs with average expression >1 reads per million (RPM) had reproducible fold change estimates (signal to noise) independent of the degree of multiplexing. The number of microRNAs detected was strongly correlated with the log2 number of reads aligning to microRNA loci (R = 0.96). However, most additional microRNAs detected in samples with greater sequencing depth were in the range of expression which had lower fold change reproducibility. These findings elucidate the trade-off between increasing the number of samples in a multiplex with decreasing sequencing depth and will aid in the design of large-scale clinical studies exploring microRNA expression and its role in disease.
HIV protease inhibitor RO 31???8959 (1994)

GOUJARD, C.; DULIOUST, A.; ENOUF, M. G.; WALLON, C.; DELFRAISSY, J. F. Author Information
Timing-Driven Cell Layout De-Compaction for Yield Optimization by Critical Area Minimization (2006)

This paper proposes a yield optimization method for standard-cells under timing constraints. Yield-aware logic synthesis and physical optimization require yield-enhanced standard cells and the proposed method automatically creates yield-enhanced cell layouts by de-compacting the original cell layout. However, the careless modification of the original layout may degrade its performances severely. Therefore, the proposed method de-compacts the original layout under given timing constraints using a linear programming (LP). We develop a new accurate linear delay model which approximates the difference from the original delay and use this model to formulate the timing constraints in the LP. Experimental results show that the proposed method can pick up the yield variants of a cell layout from the trade off curve of cell delay versus critical area and is used to create the yield-enhanced cell library which is essential to realize yield-aware VLSI design flows
Light- and electron-microscopical study of a case of gold salt—induced hepatotoxicity (1991)

A 56-yr-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis exhibited jaundice, pruritus and abdominal discomfort after 8 yr of periodic gold sodium thiomalate injections amounting to a cumulative dose in excess of 2.5 gm. Histopathological examination of the liver biopsy specimen showed submassive loss of parenchyma, collapse of reticulin and mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrates. Macrophages contained dark granules, which displayed the characteristics of aurosomes when examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. It is likely that hepatocellular injury occurred when the lysosomal storage capacity for gold was exceeded.
Submicrometer polymer transistors fabricated by a mask-free photolithographic self-alignment process (2008)

A simple method for patterning down to 400nm gaps between two thin-film electrodes is presented. The edge of the first electrode defines the gap via a photolithographic step using off-normal through-substrate exposure. It is demonstrated that the gap width can be controlled simply by adjusting the exposure angle and/or photoresist thickness. Using this process, poly(3-hexylthiophene) field-effect transistors with a submicrometer channel and a large channel width to length ratio of up to 5000 have been fabricated. Since the process is mask free, contactless, highly parallel, and offers high resolution, it is potentially suited for the high-throughput, low-cost fabrication of electronic circuits.
Modelling nasal airflow using a Fourier descriptor representation of geometry (2008)

Abstract Procedures capable of providing both compact representations and rational simplifications of complex anatomical flow conduits are essential to explore how form and function are related in the respiratory, cardiovascular and other physiological flow systems. This study focuses on flow in the human nasal cavity. Methods to derive the cavity wall boundary from medical images are first outlined. Anisotropic smoothing of the boundary surface is shown to provide less geometric distortion in regions of high curvature, such as at the ends of the narrow nasal passages. A reversible decomposition of the surface into a stack of planar contours is then effected using an implicit function formulation. Fourier descriptors provide a continuous representation of each contour as a modal expansion and permit simplification of the geometry by retaining only dominant modes via filtering. Computations of the steady inspiratory flow field are performed for replica and reduced geometries, where reduced geometry is derived by retaining only the first 15 modes in the expansion of each slice contour. The overall pressure drop and integrated wall shear are shown to be virtually unaffected by simplification. More sensitive measures, such as the Lagrangian particle trajectories and residence time distributions, show slight changes as discussed. Comparison of the Fourier descriptor method applied to three different patient data sets indicates the potential of the technique as a means to characterize complex flow conduit geometry, and the scope for further work is outlined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Issues in Modeling Thermal Alterations in Tissues a (1999)

Thermal injury in living tissues is commonly modeled as a rate process in which cell death is interpreted to occur as a function of a single kinetic process. Experimental data indicate that multiple rate processes govern the manifestation of injury and that these processes may act over a broad spectrum of time domains. Injury is typically computed as a dimensionless function (omega) of the temperature time history via an Arrhenius relationship to which numerical values are assigned based on defined threshold levels of damage. However, important issues central to calculation and interpretation of the omega function remain to be defined. These issues include the following: how is temperature identified in time and space within a tissue exposed to thermal stress; what is the biophysical and physiological meaning of a quantitative value for omega; how can omega be quantified in an experimental system; how should omega be scaled between graded levels of injury; and what are the differences in injury kinetics between unit volume- and unit surface area-governed processes of energy deposition into tissue to cause thermal stress? This paper addresses these issues with the goal of defining a more rigorous and comprehensive standard for modeling thermal injury in tissues.
Ganho médio diário e rendimento de carcaça de novilhos superprecoces inteiros e castrados submetidos ao confinamento (2001)

Curso de
Transition Metal Ion Complexes of 2,2′-Bipyridyl-3,3′-diol and 2,2′-Bipyridyl-3-ol: Spectroscopic Properties and Solvent-Dependent Binding Modes (2000)

The complexation behaviour of 2,2′-bipyridyl-3,3′-diol and 2,2′-bipyridyl-3-ol, BP(OH)2 and BPOH, with various heavy and transition metal ions has been investigated in aqueous, alcoholic, and acetonitrile solutions. Whereas the complexes with paramagnetic ions and HgII are non-fluorescent, ZnII and CdII form highly fluorescent complexes, their coordination geometries depending on the solvent proticity and hydrogen-bond donating ability. Through a comparative study with the corresponding chelates of 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy), N,O-coordination in a six-membered ring chelate has been found to be the dominant binding mode in both the ZnII and CdII complexes in the protic solvents water and ethanol. Only for ZnII and BPOH is exclusive N,N′-chelation found in acetonitrile. NMR measurements on BP(OH)2, BPOH, and bipy in the presence of ZnII and CdII in acetonitrile confirmed these findings.
Direct nonlinear power MESFET parameter extraction and consistent modeling (2002)

A novel method is developed which permits a direct nonlinear FET parameter extraction of the gate source capacitor and diode, the drain current generator, and the avalanche breakdown characteristics from large-signal waveform measurements. Differences between the DC and RF characteristics of the drain current generator and the breakdown characteristics are observed and interpreted. The measured FET output power and phase spectra are compared with simulated results for different RF models of the nonlinear drain current generator. The proposed method is a valuable instrument for the analysis of the existing high-frequency FET nonlinearities and can be used to improve large-signal FET models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plasma renin and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study (2007)

Higher plasma renin was associated with greater short-term mortality but not with CVD incidence in the community.
The Global Burden of NontyphoidalSalmonellaGastroenteritis (2010)

To estimate the global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis, we synthesized existing data from laboratory-based surveillance and special studies, with a hierarchical preference to (1) prospective population-based studies, (2) "multiplier studies," (3) disease notifications, (4) returning traveler data, and (5) extrapolation. We applied incidence estimates to population projections for the 21 Global Burden of Disease regions to calculate regional numbers of cases, which were summed to provide a global number of cases. Uncertainty calculations were performed using Monte Carlo simulation. We estimated that 93.8 million cases (5th to 95th percentile, 61.8-131.6 million) of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella species occur globally each year, with 155,000 deaths (5th to 95th percentile, 39,000-303,000 deaths). Of these, we estimated 80.3 million cases were foodborne. Salmonella infection represents a considerable burden in both developing and developed countries. Efforts to reduce transmission of salmonellae by food and other routes must be implemented on a global scale.
Low power data processing by elimination of redundant computations (1997)

We suggest a new technique to reduce energy consumption in the processor datapath without sacrificing performance by exploiting operand value locality at run time. Data locality is one of the major characteristics of video streams as well as other commonly used applications.
Electron mobility calculation for graphene on substrates (2014)

By a semiclassical Monte Carlo method, the electron mobility in graphene is calculated for three different substrates: SiO2, HfO2, and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The calculations account for polar and non-polar surface optical phonon (OP) scatterings induced by the substrates and charged impurity (CI) scattering, in addition to intrinsic phonon scattering in pristine graphene. It is found that HfO2 is unsuitable as a substrate, because the surface OP scattering of the substrate significantly degrades the electron mobility. The mobility on the SiO2 and h-BN substrates decreases due to CI scattering. However, the mobility on the h-BN substrate exhibits a high electron mobility of 170 000 cm2/(V·s) for electron densities less than 1012 cm−2. Therefore, h-BN should be an appealing substrate for graphene devices, as confirmed experimentally.
Experimental Realization of Tunable Transmission Lines Based on Single-Layer SIWs Loaded by Embedded SRRs (2013)

Wave propagation in single layer substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) loaded by embedded split-ring resonators (ESRRs) is discussed theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the loaded SIW can support a backward-wave passband below the cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of the host SIW or a stopband will appear above f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> if the effective transversal permeability is negative. In addition, varactor-loaded ESSRs (VLESRRs) can show resonance frequency agility through a variable reverse bias voltage applied to the varactors. Next, VLESRRs are loaded in SIWs to realize transmission lines with either tunable passbands (stopbands) below (above) f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of the host SIWs. Both cases are considered in this paper. First, an SIW with f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> =7 GHz is loaded by five VLESRRs showing a tunable passband below the cutoff from 1.5 to 4 GHz. Second, an SIW with f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> =1.9 GHz and five VLESRRs is discussed where a tunable stopband is achieved above f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> from 2 to 4 GHz. In both cases, the reverse-bias voltage applied to the varactors varies from 0 to 20 V. Finally, two fabricated prototypes are provided for each case to validate the analysis. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
Non-equilibrium triblock terpolymer structures as ultrafiltration membranes (2013)

Block copolymers are promising as materials for ultrafiltration membranes due to their ability to self-assemble into periodic, ordered structures on length scales of ~550 nm. Most efforts towards fabricating functional membranes from block copolymers have targeted equilibrium morphologies, which may results in a number of potential disadvantages, including a lack of porosity in the as made films, thick separation layers, or tedious transfer and post-functionalization steps. In this dissertation, nonequilibrium block copolymer structures are used in the fabrication of ultrafiltration membranes. A system containing the triblock terpolymer poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-4vinyl pyridine) and the solvents 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran is studied in detail. Ultrafiltration membranes fabricated from this system using a combination of selfassembly and non-solvent induced phase separation are shown to have a thin, isoporous separation layer above an asymmetric substructure. The structure and performance of these membranes are characterized using techniques such as electron microscopy, permeability, and solute rejection. The formation mechanism of the nonequilibrium triblock terpolymer membranes is studied using small angle X-ray scattering and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering techniques.
A model for large amplitude oscillations of coated bubbles accounting for buckling and rupture (2005)

We present a model applicable to ultrasound contrast agent bubbles that takes into account the physical properties of a lipid monolayer coating on a gas microbubble. Three parameters describe the properties of the shell: a buckling radius, the compressibility of the shell, and a break-up shell tension. The model presents an original non-linear behavior at large amplitude oscillations, termed compression-only, induced by the buckling of the lipid monolayer. This prediction is validated by experimental recordings with the high-speed camera Brandaris 128, operated at several millions of frames per second. The effect of aging, or the resultant of repeated acoustic pressure pulses on bubbles, is predicted by the model. It corrects a flaw in the shell elasticity term previously used in the dynamical equation for coated bubbles. The break-up is modeled by a critical shell tension above which gas is directly exposed to water.
Improving HD-FEC decoding via bit marking (2019)

We review the recently introduced soft-aided bit-marking (SABM) algorithm and its suitability for product codes. Some aspects of the implementation of the SABM algorithm are discussed. The influence of suboptimal channel soft information is also analyzed.
Lack of Cross-Resistance to 4-Aminoquinolines in Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum In vitro (1983)

The potencies of 10 quinoline-containing antimalarials, including chloroquine, amodiaquine, CM-2,999-2K, quinine, mefloquine, SN-6911, SN-11875, SN-12108, SN-12308, and SN-12309, were determined in vitro against five strains of Plasmodium falciparum characterized in vivo and in vitro by various degrees of sensitivity to chloroquine. These strains included the chloroquine-sensitive strains Honduras and FCC1, and R1-resistant line FCR3TC, and the R3-resistant strains FCR1 and Viet Nam Smith (VNS). The potency of chloroquine varied 100-fold in these strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 3.2 X 10(-9) M in FCC1 to 3.2 X 10(-7) M in FCR1. The other drugs had different patterns; SN-12108 had an MIC of 3.2 X 10(-9) M in FCC1, Honduras, and FCR1, and 3.2 X 10(-8) M in VNS. However, SN-6911 (3-methylchloroquine), amodiaquine, and mefloquine showed little or no variation in potency among these strains. There was no correlation between sensitivity to chloroquine and any other drug. This lack of cross-resistance in vitro must be taken into account in consideration of theories of chloroquine action in these parasites.