gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE ACTION MYOCLONUS (1989)

Ten patients with severe disabling myoclonus were treated with clonazepam, sodium valproate, primidone and piracetam alone, or in different combinations. Electrophysiological assessment indicated a cortical origin for the myoclonus in every case. Considerable improvement of myoclonus was achieved with combinations of these drugs in all patients, but this was not possible with monotherapy. In one patient two drugs were necessary (clonazepam and piracetam); in the others more than two drugs were required. The combination of sodium valproate, clonazepam and primidone (3 patients), or piracetam, clonazepam and primidone (3 patients), or the four drugs together (3 patients) was necessary to provide substantial relief of myoclonus. Such polytherapy generally was tolerated well. The benefits of treatment continued for more than 1 year in all cases, although progressive underlying pathology often caused other increasing disability.
Atomic and electronic structure of an unreconstructed polar MgO(111) thin film on Ag(111) (2003)

Atomic and electronic structures of a polar surface of MgO formed on Ag(111) was investigated by using reflection high-energy electron-diffraction, Auger-electron spectroscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). A rather flat unreconstructed polar MgO(111) $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ surface could be grown by alternate adsorption of Mg and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ on Ag(111). The stability of the MgO(111) surface was discussed in terms of interaction between Ag and Mg atoms at the interface and charge state of the surface atoms. EELS of this surface did not show a band-gap region, and finite density of states appeared at the Fermi level in UPS. These results suggest that a polar MgO(111) surface was not an insulating surface but a semiconducting or metallic surface.
Antileukotriene Agents for the Treatment of Lung Disease (2013)

Leukotrienes (LTs) C4, D4, and E4, collectively termed cysteinyl LTs (cysLTs), are lipid mediators formed by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Originally recognized for their potent bronchoconstrictor actions, they were subsequently determined also to promote inflammation, microvascular permeability, and mucus secretion. These actions that are so central to asthma pathophysiology are mediated to a significant extent by ligation of the cysLT receptor 1 (CysLT1). Antagonism of CysLT1 and inhibition of 5-LO have both been shown to have clinical use in the management of asthma, but substantial interindividual heterogeneity is observed in the response to these agents. In this article, we review the biologic actions of LTs, their biosynthetic pathways and cognate receptors, the pharmacology of available anti-LT agents, and the clinical evidence for the use of anti-LT agents as monotherapy and combination therapy in asthma. We also consider heterogeneity of response, the possible roles of cysLT receptors other than CysLT1, the role of another class of LT, LTB4, and the potential role of LTs in lung diseases other than asthma.
Impact of nitridation on recoverable and permanent negative bias temperature instability degradation in high-k/metal-gate p-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (2009)

Negative bias temperature instability is investigated on TaN metal-gated HfSiO(N) p-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. A previously developed measurement technique that allows to distinguish between the recoverable and the permanent components of the Vth shift is employed. When applied to nitrided and nonnitrided stacks, it is found that the permanent component is at most weakly influenced by the nitridation, while the recoverable component is strongly enhanced in the nitrided stacks. The nitrogen-related defect, which is responsible of the recoverable component increase, is clearly observed in the stress induced leakage current spectrum.
Generation of a Common Reference String, secure against Quantum Adversaries, and Applications (2009)

In this paper, we prove classical coin-flipping secure in the presence of quantum adversaries. The proof uses a recent result of Watrous [Wat09] that allows quantum rewinding for protocols of a certain form. We then discuss two applications. First, the combination of coin-flipping with any non-interactive zero-knowledge protocol leads to an easy transformation from non-interactive zero-knowledge to interactive quantum zero-knowledge. Second, we discuss how our protocol can be applied to a recently proposed method for improving the security of quantum protocols [DFL+09], resulting in an implementation without set-up assumptions. Finally, we sketch how to achieve efficient simulation for an extended construction in the common-reference-string model.
Differential effects of miR-34c-3p and miR-34c-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of glioma cells (2013)

Glioblastoma is the most malignant and common intrinsic brain tumor, but the molecular mechanism of glioma pathophysiology is poorly understood. Recent data have shown that microRNAs regulate the expression of several genes associated with human cancer. In the present study, the function of miR-34c in glioma cells was analyzed. It was demonstrated that miR-34c-3p and miR-34c-5p were downregulated in gliomas, by performing qPCR on tumor tissues from glioma patients and glioma cell lines, compared with normal brain tissues and a normal glial cell line. Furthermore, the miR-34c expression was found to be inversely correlated with glioma WHO grades. Overexpression of miR-34c-3p inhibited U251 and U87 cell proliferation; however, miR-34c-5p only had an effect on U251 cells. Transfection with miR-34c-3p or miR-34c-5p in U251 cells and with miR-34c-3p in U87 cells produced S-phase arrest with G0/G1 reduction and induced cell apoptosis, but no significant changes were observed with miR-34c-5p transfection in U87 cells, normal or negative control groups. However, significant inhibition of glioma cell invasion was observed following transfection with miR-34c-3p and miR-34c-5p. Moreover, it was identified that miR-34c-3p overexpression reduced the expression of Notch pathway members, but miR-34c-5p overexpression did not. Therefore, these results suggest differential tumor suppressor roles for miR-34c-3p and miR-34c-5p and provide new insights into the role of miR-34c in glioma, which includes tumor-suppressing effects on proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness.
Experimental Study of Oxygen Transport Mechanisms in PEMFC Interdigitated Flow Field (2018)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for automotive application need to provide high performance at higher current density region where the oxygen transport is the limiting factor. Because of convective mass transport mechanism, interdigitated flow field has a potential to improve the oxygen transport limitation. In this paper, the mass transport mechanisms in an interdigitated flow field are experimentally studied using a segmented cell with 350 μm resolution in land-channel direction. At high current density operation, in general, the region under the land has higher values of local current density than regions under the channel which is opposite to a typical profile for conventional flow field. The local oxygen transport resistances measured at limiting current density conditions show the nearly constant values at lower oxygen concentration operation and then sudden increase at higher concentration. This indicates the presence of liquid water in the oxygen transport path when operated with high oxygen concentration. Convective-dominant and diffusive-dominant oxygen transport regions in gas diffusion layer (GDL) are identified from the oxygen transport resistance distribution, and the change of effective oxygen diffusivity in GDL due to liquid water is also estimated.
Initial phases in sputter deposited HfO2–Al2O3 nanolaminate films (2007)

Nanolaminate films of crystalline HfO2 and amorphous Al2O3 were grown by reactive sputter deposition on unheated fused SiO2 and the surface oxide of ⟨111⟩ Si. X-ray diffraction showed the amount of monoclinic (m) HfO2 decreased with decreasing HfO2 layer thickness, consistent with a finite crystal size effect. High resolution transmission electron microscopy of individual crystallites detected tetragonal (t) and orthorhombic (o) HfO2 as the initial phases formed. Whereas the t→m transition is accomplished by a shear mechanism, we demonstrate the important role of polysynthetic twinning for the o→m transition.
Traumatology Retroseptal structural fat grafting to correct paediatric post- traumatic enophthalmos (2014)

face (VIF). Postoperatively, we compared the VIF with the postoperative photograph. We obtained a similar facial morphology in 6 patients. Discussion Fat grafting in the intraconal space has been described in the treatment of enophthalmic orbit using a sharp needle. Hunter investigated the effects of intraconal fat grafting in patients with post-traumatic enophthalmos; it was used either in patients with a healthy eyeball or in those with anophthalmic sockets and he stated that enophthalmos is stabilized within the first 3 months with this technique. He obtained overall good results, but in 64% of cases, multiple injections were necessary. Malet described a consistent number of patients with anophthalmic sockets treated by injection into the deep upper eyelid sulci. Hardy described a retrospective study on 12 patients with anophthalmic and enophthalmic orbital cavity. Conclusion Fat grafting can be safely carried out in the treatment of the enophthalmic orbit. It has a long-lasting effect and can be a valid alternative to other autologous tissues or alloplastic materials.
MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometric Assignment of Leu/Ile in PVK-CAP2b Neuropeptides From Single Neurohemal Organ Preparations of Four Flies (2005)

Abstract : MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the complete sequences of the PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides in abdominal dorsal sheath tissue of the housefly Musca domestica, flesh fly Neobellieria bullata, stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans and horn fly Haematobia irritans. This peptidomic analysis of single neurohemal organ preparations allows, for the first time in arthropods, the unambiguous assignment of internal Leu/lle positions not distinguishable by previous mass spectrometric techniques. The identification of these novel neuropeptides adds to our knowledge of the peptidomes of flies, and can aid in the development of neuropeptide-based control strategies of these insect pests.
A Case Study on the Automatic Composition of Network Application Mashups (2008)

MaxMash is a tool that can compose select features of networked application and generate the source code for application mashups that can integrate those features. This paper presents a case study that demonstrates how MaxMash is used to combine the Jabber chatting protocol and the Microsoft Maps Web application. The composed mashup is able to answer direction queries via a chat client.
The motor neuron diseases (2020)

Abstract The motor neuron diseases can be considered an extended family of conditions with pathology affecting the lower and/or upper motor neurons, leading to clinical features of limb and/or bulbar weakness. Accurate diagnosis is essential to guide management, in particular, treatment options, any genetic implications, and prognosis. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the family prototype and is a diffuse neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron cell death, causing progressive paralysis of limb, bulbar (speech and swallowing) and respiratory muscles, and resulting in death from respiratory failure. The cardinal clinical feature of combined upper and lower motor neuron signs in various body regions (bulbar, arms, trunk, legs) forms the basis for diagnostic criteria. There is no cure and the disease progresses relentlessly, with few patients surviving beyond 5 years from symptom onset.
Corrosion of a Super-austenitic Stainless Steel (Fe-24Ni-20Cr-6.3Mo-0.22N) Brazed with Nicrobraze 31 (Ni-22Cr-6.3Si-3.8P): Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Isolated and Combined Materials (2008)

Abstract The corrosion of a super-austenitic stainless steel (SASS) Al-6XN (Fe-24Ni-20Cr-6.3Mo-0.22N in wt.%, UNS N08367) when brazed with a commercial Nicrobraze alloy (Nicrobraze 31: Ni-22Cr-6.3Si-3.8P) in 0.6 M NaCl at 25°C is reported. The SASS sheet material was intrinsically resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in marine environments at room temperature, as indicated by its performance in both multiple crevice assembly exposures and electrochemical polarization testing in 0.6 M NaCl. The open circuit potential of isolated AL-6XN fell roughly 900 mV below the critical potential for crevice corrosion repassivation (Ecrev,r). Isolated beads of complex multiphase Nicrobraze 31 exhibited an open circuit potential equal to or greater than the measured Ecrev,r of -0.200 VSCE when prepared at 1150°C for 60 minutes in a vacuum furnace. This was related to both the low PRE number of the solid solution phase and the segregation of beneficial chromium due to the complex microstructure of the alloy in a bead form, representative of a brazed joint of infinite clearance. The complex microstructure is a result of the formation of intermetallic compounds involving the melting point depressants (Si and P) in the braze alloy. Brazing AL-6XN with Nicrobraze 31 (1150°C/60 minutes) produced an extrinsic mode of crevice corrosion which initiated in the braze surface but propagated into the SASS. Multiple crevice assembly tests in 6 wt% FeCl3 and also 0.6 M NaCl with neutral pH revealed that the brazed SASS alloy was attacked heavily on the brazed surface and not at all on the bare AL-6XN surface. Crevice corrosion attack greatly exceeded the thickness of the Nicrobraze 31 layer, indicating corrosion penetration into the SASS. This crevice corrosion of the brazed SASS could be explained by the dissimilar metal crevice corrosion mechanism and was not due to intrinsic sensitization by the braze thermal treatment.
Carbohydrate-binding protein from stinging nettle as fusion inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (2022)

<i>Urtica dioica</i> agglutinin (UDA) is a carbohydrate-binding small monomeric protein isolated from stinging nettle rhizomes. It inhibits replication of a broad range of viruses, including coronaviruses, in multiple cell types, with appealing selectivity. In this work, we investigated the potential of UDA as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. UDA potently blocks transduction of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 in A549.ACE2<sup>+</sup>-TMPRSS2 cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.32 to 1.22 µM. Furthermore, UDA prevents viral replication of the early Wuhan-Hu-1 strain in Vero E6 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 225 nM), but also the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta and Gamma (IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 115 to 171 nM). In addition, UDA exerts antiviral activity against the latest circulating Delta and Omicron variant in U87.ACE2<sup>+</sup> cells (IC<sub>50</sub> values are 1.6 and 0.9 µM, respectively). Importantly, when tested in Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) primary lung epithelial cell cultures, UDA preserves antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (20A.EU2 variant) in the nanomolar range. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent binding of UDA to the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting interference of UDA with cell attachment or subsequent virus entry. Moreover, in additional mechanistic studies with cell-cell fusion assays, UDA inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Finally, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 mutants with N-glycosylation deletions in the S2 subunit of the spike protein remained sensitive to the antiviral activity of UDA. In conclusion, our data establish UDA as a potent fusion inhibitor for the current variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Agrobacterium–mediated Transformation of Kalanchoe laxiflora (2019)

Plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) generally utilize water 20%–80% more efficiently than non-CAM plants. The whole genomes of several CAM plants have been sequenced or are being sequenced. For effective genome characterization and genome editing of CAM plants, an efficient transformation system is essential. In this study, we developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for Kalanchoe laxiflora, an obligate CAM plant,by optimizing several factors affecting the transformation efficiency. Agrobacterium strains AGL1, C58, EHA105, and GV3101 were all suitable for K. laxiflora transformation. Fifty-nine percent of the leaf explants yielded kanamycin-resistant and GUS-positive shoots. Polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using gusA-, gusPlus-, nptII- and hpt-specific primers confirmed that the transgenes were integrated into K. laxiflora genome and expressed. This efficient transformation system will allow effective functional characterization of genes through over- or down-expression, knockout, or genome editing.
Cardiac MRI Features and Prognostic Value in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–induced Myocarditis (2022)

Background Cardiac MRI features are not well-defined in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced myocarditis (ICI-M), a severe complication of ICI therapy in patients with cancer. Purpose To analyze the cardiac MRI features of ICI-M and to explore their prognostic value in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study from May 2017 to January 2020, cardiac MRI findings (including late gadolinium enhancement [LGE], T1 and T2 mapping, and extracellular volume fraction [ECV] <i>z</i> scores) of patients with ICI-M were compared with those of patients with cancer scheduled to receive ICI therapy (pre-ICI group) and patients with viral myocarditis. As a secondary objective, the potential value of cardiac MRI for predicting MACE in patients with ICI-M by using Cox proportional hazards models was explored. Results Thirty-three patients with ICI-M (mean age ± standard deviation, 68 years ± 14; 23 men) were compared with 21 patients scheduled to receive to ICI therapy (mean age, 65 years ± 14; 14 men) and 85 patients with viral myocarditis (mean age, 32 years ± 13; 67 men). Compared with the pre-ICI group, patients with ICI-M showed higher global native T1, ECV, and T2 <i>z</i> scores (0.03 ± 0.85 vs 1.79 ± 1.93 [<i>P</i> < .001]; 1.34 ± 0.57 vs 2.59 ± 1.97 [<i>P</i> = .03]; and -0.76 ± 1.41 vs 0.88 ± 1.96 [<i>P</i> = .002], respectively), and LGE was more frequently observed (27 of 33 patients [82%] vs two of 21 [10%]; <i>P</i> < .001). LGE was less frequent in patients with ICI-M than those with viral myocarditis (27 of 33 patients [82%] vs 85 of 85 [100%]; <i>P</i> < .001) but was more likely to involve the septal segments (16 of 33 patients [48%] vs 25 of 85 [29%]; <i>P</i> < .001) and midwall layer (11 of 33 patients [33%] vs two of 85 [2%]; <i>P</i> < .001). Septal LGE was the only cardiac MRI predictor of MACE at 1 year even after adjustment for peak troponin (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.7 [95% CI: 1.1, 6.7]; <i>P</i> = .03). Conclusion Cardiac MRI features of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced myocarditis (ICI-M) seem to differ from those in patients scheduled to receive ICIs and patients with viral myocarditis. Septal late gadolinium enhancement might be a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with ICI-M. Clinical trial registration no. NCT03313544 © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Edelman and Pursnani in this issue.
Metabolism of Bismuth Subsalicylate and Intracellular Accumulation of Bismuth by Fusarium sp. Strain BI (2005)

Enrichment cultures were conducted using bismuth subsalicylate as the sole source of carbon and activated sludge as the inoculum. A pure culture was obtained and identified as a Fusarium sp. based on spore morphology and partial sequences of 18S rRNA, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and beta-tubulin genes. The isolate, named Fusarium sp. strain BI, grew to equivalent densities when using salicylate or bismuth subsalicylate as carbon sources. Bismuth nitrate at concentrations of up to 200 muM did not limit growth of this organism on glucose. The concentration of soluble bismuth in suspensions of bismuth subsalicylate decreased during growth of Fusarium sp. strain BI. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the accumulated bismuth was localized in phosphorus-rich granules distributed in the cytoplasm and vacuoles. Long-chain polyphosphates were extracted from fresh biomass grown on bismuth subsalicylate, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry showed that these fractions also contained high concentrations of bismuth. Enzyme activity assays of crude extracts of Fusarium sp. strain BI showed that salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase were induced during growth on salicylate, indicating that this organism degrades salicylate by conversion of salicylate to catechol, followed by ortho cleavage of the aromatic ring. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was not detected. Fusarium sp. strain BI grew with several other aromatic acids as carbon sources: benzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, gentisate, d-mandelate, l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, phenylacetate, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, and phenylpropionate.
Mental health academics in rural and remote Australia (2016)

The MHA project suggests that an integrated approach can be taken to address the common difficulties of community awareness raising of mental health issues, increasing access to mental health services, workforce recruitment and retention (access), and skill development of existing health professionals (access and awareness). To address the specific needs and circumstances of their community, MHAs have customised their activities. As in other rural initiatives, one size was found not to fit all. The triad of flexibility, diversity and connectedness (both to local community and other MHAs) describes the response identified as appropriate by the MHAs. The breadth of the MHA role to provide university sponsored educational activities outside traditional student teaching meant that the broader health workforce benefited from access to mental health training that would not otherwise have occurred. Provision of these additional educational opportunities addressed not only the need for increased education regarding mental health but also reduced the barriers commonly faced by rural health professionals in accessing quality professional development.
An Accurate and Efficient Link Analysis Methodology for High Speed I/O Design (2011)

This paper describes an accurate and efficient analysis methodology that enables circuit optimization directly guided by platform-level metric such as link eye margin. Prior to this work, such analysis was not feasible due to significant compute time required by complex circuit simulations. A new method of developing highly abstracted behavioral models of complex circuit blocks is a critical element of this analysis methodology. The method uses statistical signaling analysis and optimization capabilities coupled with behavioral modeling of I/O clocking, transmitter and receiver circuitry that are based on accurate circuit simulations. We also present measured data from products and test chips that show correlation between measured and modeled data within 10–15%. Finally, we describe how the methodology was used to optimize the design of a high speed serial link and achieve approximately 70% improvement in eye margins with limited design iterations.
Fundamentals of classical thermodynamics (1972)

Concepts and Definitions Properties of a Pure Substance Work and Heat The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy Irreversibility and Availability Some Power and Refrigeration Cycles Thermodynamic Relations Mixtures and Solutions Chemical Reactions Introduction to Phase and Chemical Equilibrium Flow Through Nozzles and Blade Passages.