gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confidence Estimation and Deletion Prediction Using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

The standard approach to assess reliability of automatic speech transcriptions is through the use of confidence scores. If accurate, these scores provide a flexible mechanism to flag transcription errors for upstream and downstream applications. One challenging type of errors that recognisers make are deletions. These errors are not accounted for by the standard confidence estimation schemes and are hard to rectify in the upstream and downstream processing. High deletion rates are prominent in limited resource and highly mismatched training/testing conditions studied under IARPA Babel and Material programs. This paper looks at the use of bidirectional recurrent neural networks to yield confidence estimates in predicted as well as deleted words. Several simple schemes are examined for combination. To assess usefulness of this approach, the combined confidence score is examined for untranscribed data selection that favours transcriptions with lower deletion errors. Experiments are conducted using IARPA Babel/Material program languages.
Note - Preliminary Applications of Response Surface Modelling to the Evaluation of Optimal Growth Conditions for Beer-spoiling Pediococcus damnosus (2010)

Beer-spoiling lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belong to the most harmful contaminants in the brewing industry and various rapid molecular detection methods have been introduced for the detection of these organisms. However, the enrichment cultivation steps needed prior to detection by molecular methods can extend the duration of the analytical procedure by up to several days. The use of brewery-specific enrichment cultivation media has been recommended due to the large variety within the group of LAB, as well as differences in the microbes encountered at the breweries. In contrast to using a general medium that may support only the growth of some LAB, the combination of several media could allow detection of all relevant LAB. The aim of the present study was to show the effects of shifts in the cultivation conditions and media on the growth of beer-spoiling LAB using one of the most frequently encountered species, Pediococcus damnosus, as an example. Based on the variable analysis, significant factors could be recognized and their effects on lag-times and growth rates were compared by means of response surface modelling.
Timed speculative attacks exploiting store-to-load forwarding bypassing cache-based countermeasures (2022)

In this paper, we propose a novel class of speculative attacks, called Timed Speculative Attacks (TSA), that does not depend on the state changes in the cache memory. Instead, it makes use of the timing differences that occur due to store-to-load forwarding. We propose two attack strategies - Fill-and-Forward utilizing correctly speculated loads, and Fill-and-Misdirect using mis-speculated load instructions. While Fill-and-Forward exploits the shared store buffers in a multi-threaded CPU core, the Fill-and-Misdirect approach exploits the influence of rolled back mis-speculated loads on subsequent instructions. As case studies, we demonstrate a covert channel using Fill-and-Forward and key recovery attacks on OpenSSL AES and Romulus-N Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data scheme using Fill-and-Misdirect approach. Finally, we show that TSA is able to subvert popular cache-based countermeasures for transient attacks.
Adiponectin, an Adipocyte-Derived Plasma Protein, Inhibits Endothelial NF-κB Signaling Through a cAMP-Dependent Pathway (2000)

These observations raise the possibility that adiponectin, which is naturally present in the blood stream, modulates the inflammatory response of endothelial cells through cross talk between cAMP-PKA and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.
Srdeční selhání se zachovanou ejekční frakcí levé komory (2007)

Polovina pacientů hospitalizovaných pro srdecni selhani ma relativně zachovanou systolickou funkci leve komory. Výskyt tohoto typu srdecniho selhani stoupa a dlouhodoba prognoza je podobně nepřizniva jako u systolicke dysfunkce. V “klasicke“ podobě s timto typem srdecniho selhani setkavame u starsich pacientů, castěji žen, s dlouholetou anamnezou arterialni hypertenze a/nebo diabetu, kteři maji koncentrickou remodelaci ci hypertrofii leve komory, zvětsenou levou siň a abnormality diastolickeho plněni leve komory. Přestože se jedna o caste onemocněni, patofyziologie neni zcela objasněna. Mimo poruch diastolickeho plněni ci sniženi kontraktilni rezervy při zatěži se při manifestaci tohoto onemocněni významně uplatňuji i zvýsena tuhost arterialniho řecistě, porusena mechanicka funkce leve sině a abnormalni autonomni kardiovaskularni regulace. Pro klinickou prezentaci tohoto onemocněni je typicka rychle se rozvijejici plicni kongesce a zvýsený systemový arterialni tlak v kombinaci s nalezem zachovane ejekcni frakce leve komory srdecni. Lecba akutni formy srdecniho selhani se zachovanou ejekcni frakci spociva v udrženi adekvatni oxygenace, diureticke lecbě a předevsim ve vasodilatacni lecbě. V dlouhodobe lecbě jsou doporucovana diuretika a důsledna kontrola hypertenze s upřednostněnim leků, ktere maji vyssi potencial navozeni regrese hypertrofie leve komory. Lze ocekavat, že soucasný intenzivni výzkum patofyziologických mechanizmů povede k objasněni faktorů odpovědných za manifestaci onemocněni, ktere by pak byly cilem specifictějsi, vice kauzalni lecby.
Silica Fouling in Reverse Osmosis Systems–Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies (2021)

We present operando small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on silica fouling at two reverse osmose (RO) membranes under almost realistic conditions of practiced RO desalination technique. To its realization, two cells were designed for pressure fields and tangential feed cross-flows up to 50 bar and 36 L/h, one cell equipped with the membrane and the other one as an empty cell to measure the feed solution in parallel far from the membrane. We studied several aqueous silica dispersions combining the parameters of colloidal radius, volume fraction, and ionic strength. A relevant result is the observation of Bragg diffraction as part of the SANS scattering pattern, representing a crystalline cake layer of simple cubic lattice structure. Other relevant parameters are silica colloidal size and volume fraction far from and above the membrane, as well as the lattice parameter of the silica cake layer, its volume fraction, thickness, and porosity in comparison with the corresponding permeate flux. The experiments show that the formation of cake layer depends to a large extent on colloidal size, ionic strength and cross-flow. Cake layer formation proved to be a reversible process, which could be dissolved at larger cross-flow. Only in one case we observed an irreversible cake layer formation showing the characteristics of an unstable phase transition. We likewise observed enhanced silica concentration and/or cake formation above the membrane, giving indication of a first order liquid-solid phase transformation.
Nitrogen fixation by three species of leguminosae in the Canadian High Arctic Tundra (1988)

Abstract. Significant levels of nitrogenase activity (nitrogen fixation) were demonstrated in three species of Arctic legumes ( Oxytropis maydelliana, O. arctobia and Astragalus alpinus ) growing in high tundra at Sarcpa Lake, Melville Peninsula, N.W.T. Nitrogenase activity of intact plants was correlated with the number of nodules per plant, with field soil temperatures and limited by water shortage. Activity in freshly detached nodules showed a plateau of maximum activity between 10°C and 25°C and a near linear decline with temperature down to 0°C. Unusually, the segmented nodules of all three species are perennial in which growth and leghaemoglobin production resumes each spring from an overwintering apical meristem. Nodules are most numerous in the warmer soil stratum (2–10 cm. depth). Other studies indicate that the arctic rhizobia belong to a single cold‐adapted species which has co‐evolved with the legumes of tundra.
ICNN: An iterative implementation of convolutional neural networks to enable energy and computational complexity aware dynamic approximation (2018)

With Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) becoming more of a commodity in the computer vision field, many have attempted to improve CNN in a bid to achieve better accuracy to a point that CNN accuracies have surpassed that of human's capabilities. However, with deeper networks, the number of computations and consequently the power needed per classification has grown considerably. In this paper, we propose Iterative CNN (ICNN) by reformulating the CNN from a single feed-forward network to a series of sequentially executed smaller networks. Each smaller network processes a sub-sample of input image, and features extracted from previous network, and enhances the classification accuracy. Upon reaching an acceptable classification confidence, ICNN immediately terminates. The proposed network architecture allows the CNN function to be dynamically approximated by creating the possibility of early termination and performing the classification with far fewer operations compared to a conventional CNN. Our results show that this iterative approach competes with the original larger networks in terms of accuracy while incurring far less computational complexity by detecting many images in early iterations.
Ultra-wideband channel model for communication around the human body (2006)

Using ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is a promising new application. However, there are currently no detailed models describing the UWB radio channel around the human body making it difficult to design a suitable communication system. To address this problem, we have measured radio propagation around the body in a typical indoor environment and incorporated these results into a simple model. We then implemented this model on a computer and compared experimental data with the simulation results. This paper proposes a simple statistical channel model and a practical implementation useful for evaluating UWB body area communication systems.
Amino Acid Change in the Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein Is Associated With Lower Triglycerides and Myocardial Infarction Incidence Depending on Level of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in the PREDIMED Trial (2014)

URL: www.controlled-trials.com. Unique Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
Horn‐induced traumatic caudoventral abdominal wall hernia management and repair in an adult Highland cow (2020)

SUMMARY An adult Highland cow weighing 380 kg presented following a five‐day history of inappetence, recumbency and trauma inflicted by herd‐mates. Physical exam demonstrated significant swelling of the right ventral abdomen with skin excoriations. Abdominal ultrasound of the bulging area indicated significant oedema within pockets, thinning of the right body wall compared with the left side, as well as accumulation of free abdominal fluid. Severe mastitis was noted in three quarters of its udder. The patient was stabilised with intravenous fluids, electrolytes and a belly band. It developed severe, haemorrhagic diarrhoea over the following days, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. A complete 50 cm‐long abdominal wall laceration in the caudoventral right paralumbar fossa was repaired, and jejunal resection and anastomosis performed. The patient recovered with supportive care. Surgical complications included postoperative pneumonia and development of a surgical site infection. The patient maintains good quality of life.
Metrology challenges of thin optical wafers for high finesse etalons (2003)

We present a number of measurement methods that we use in the fabrication of solid LiNbO3 etalons. Several unique technical features, such as high finesse, large aperture/high aspect ratio, and tunability, require careful monitoring of quality parameters throughout the production process. We point out the critical issues and how we monitor them.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Cysteine‐ and Serine‐Derived Thiazolidinethiones and Oxazolidinethiones as Efficient Chiral Auxiliaries in Aldol Condensations. (1987)

Abstract The serine or cysteine derivatives (I) are cyclized with carbon disulfide (II) to form the heterocycles (III) which are N‐acylated with the acid chlorides (IV) to give (V).
Association of Polymorphisms in Pharmacogenetic Candidate Genes with Propofol Susceptibility (2017)

Significant individual susceptibility to intravenous anesthetic propofol exists. The etiology of individual variability in the response to propofol may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms in metabolic and functional pathways. With current pharmacogenetics and modern molecular biology technologies, it is possible to study the influence of genetic polymorphisms on susceptibility to propofol. When inducing general anesthesia with intravenous propofol, high individual susceptibility to propofol was found. Using Sequenom MassARRAY single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, we identified a mutation (rs6313) in the 5HT2A gene that was correlated to individual susceptibility to propofol effect-site concentration (Cep) and onset time of propofol induction. Carriers of the minor allele (G) of 5HT2A rs6313 required less propofol (20% decrease in Cep) and less time (40% decrease in onset time) to induce anesthesia. Moreover, associations were found between the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor SNP rs2279020 and the SCN9A SNP rs6746030 and the susceptibility of bispectral index (BIS) after propofol-induced anesthesia. In addition, dominant mutations in GABAA1 rs2279020, GABAA2 rs11503014, and CHRM2 rs1824024 were putatively associated with cardiovascular susceptibility to propofol anesthesia. No gene-gene interactions were found through a standardized measure of linkage disequilibrium and a multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms related to mechanisms of propofol anesthesia are involved in propofol susceptibility.
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulate cobalt nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for aerobic and solvent-free selective oxidation of hydrocarbons (2017)

The selective oxidation of hydrocarbons to the corresponding ketones with solvent-free and molecular oxygen as an oxidant is of great importance in academic and industrial fields in view of economy and environment.
Confounding Factors Influencing Amyloid Beta Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2010)

Background. Patients afflicted with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit a decrease in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of the 42 amino acid form of beta-amyloid (Abeta(42)). However, a high discrepancy between different centers in measured Abeta(42) levels reduces the utility of this biomarker as a diagnostic tool and in monitoring the effect of disease modifying drugs. Preanalytical and analytical confounding factors were examined with respect to their effect on the measured Abeta(42) level. Methods. Aliquots of CSF samples were either treated differently prior to Abeta(42) measurement or analyzed using different commercially available xMAP or ELISA assays. Results. Confounding factors affecting CSF Abeta(42) levels were storage in different types of test tubes, dilution with detergent-containing buffer, plasma contamination, heat treatment, and the origin of the immunoassays used for quantification. Conclusion. In order to conduct multicenter studies, a standardized protocol to minimize preanalytical and analytical confounding factors is warranted.
SNPs in the promoter of a B cell-specific antisense transcript, SAS-ZFAT, determine susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (2004)

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is caused by an immune response to self-thyroid antigens and has a significant genetic component. Antisense RNA transcripts have been implicated in gene regulation. Here we have identified a novel zinc-finger gene, designated ZFAT (zinc-finger gene in AITD susceptibility region), as one of the susceptibility genes in 8q23-q24 through an initial association analysis using the probands in the previous linkage analysis and a subsequent association analysis of the samples from a total of 515 affected individuals and 526 controls. The T allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Ex9b-SNP10 located in the intron 9 of ZFAT, is associated with increased risk for AITD (dominant model: odds ratio = 1.7, P = 0.000091). The Ex9b-SNP10 falls into the 3'-UTR of truncated-ZFAT (TR-ZFAT) and the promoter region of the small antisense transcript of ZFAT (SAS-ZFAT). In peripheral blood lymphocytes, SAS-ZFAT is exclusively expressed in CD19+ B cells and expression levels of SAS-ZFAT and TR-ZFAT seemed to correlate with the Ex9b-SNP10-T-associated ZFAT-allele, inversely and positively, respectively. The Ex9b-SNP10 is critically involved in the regulation of SAS-ZFAT expression in vitro and this expression results in a decreased expression of TR-ZFAT. These results suggested that the SNP-associated ZFAT-allele plays a critical role in B cell function by affecting the expression level of TR-ZFAT through regulating SAS-ZFAT expression and that this novel regulatory mechanism of SNPs might be involved in controlling susceptibility or resistance to human disease.
Clinical and Molecular Genetic Spectrum of Congenital Deficiency of the Leptin Receptor (2007)

The prevalence of pathogenic LEPR mutations in a cohort of subjects with severe, early-onset obesity was 3%. Circulating levels of leptin were not disproportionately elevated, suggesting that serum leptin cannot be used as a marker for leptin-receptor deficiency. Congenital leptin-receptor deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any child with hyperphagia and severe obesity in the absence of developmental delay or dysmorphism.
Anatomic validation of an "anatomic" shoulder system. (2006)

An anatomic study was conducted on 49 dried cadaveric humeri and 24 dried cadaveric scapula to ascertain the variability of the following parameters: humeral neck angle, humeral head retroversion, humeral head medial offset, humeral head posterior offset, humeral head diameter glenoid height, glenoid width, and the glenoid height to width ratio. For verification purposes, the results of this study were found to be within 1.5% to 14.3% of other anatomic studies published in the literature. This observed variability was then compared to that provided by an "anatomic" shoulder prosthesis (Equinoxe, Exactech, Inc.); viewed independently, this prosthesis can restore humeral neck angle in 94% of humeri, "secondary" retroversion in 92% of humeri, medial offset in 100% of humeri, posterior offset in 100% of humeri, and humeral head diameter in 96% of humeri. Additionally, the glenoid prosthesis height to width ratio was found to be within 5% and 10% of 71% and 96% of cadaveric glenoids, respectively. The results of this analysis indicate that a dual-offset "anatomic " shoulder prosthesis has the capability to successfully restore glenohumeral anatomy in this representative population.
Inductive coupling in IP measurements and applications to 3D distributed array field data inversion (2019)

Modern distributed DC/IP survey arrays can collect large amounts of broadband electrical data. These arrays are no longer limited to simple in-line dipole-dipole or pole-dipole surveys as they were in the past. This allows geophysicists to apply true 3D geometries and use arbitrary transmitter and receiver positions, which opens the door to high resolution 3D information about the spectral complex resistivity response of the earth and possibly mineral discrimination. However, these arrays also increase the computational complexity of solving the inverse problem for earth’s parameters. In addition, the increase in the frequency range of the collected data along with the complex wire paths raises the chances of incurring inductive coupling, which can hide the complex resistivity response. This paper examines the problems of inductive coupling in broadband, complex wire path surveys and finds that it can indeed affect the IP response. By using the full EM solution and known geometry of the wire paths, we can increase the usable IP data by about one decade of frequency or time measurements. We have modified an existing modeling and inversion code to handle the explicit geometry of the wire paths and to include the full EM effects, all in an efficient manner, which makes it possible to conduct a rigorous inversion of these 3D survey data. An inversion of the field data compares well with other information, demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed method. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 3:30 PM Location: Poster Station 10 Presentation Type: Poster
Wireless Sensors to Measure Walking in Patients with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) (P3.123) (2016)

Objective: The purpose of this study to was to examine walking characteristics in persons with FSHD using objective, quantitative metrics obtained with commercially available wireless sensors. Background: Timed functional tasks, which measure the time to complete activities, are not necessarily sensitive to disease progression in FSHD. Quantifying functional motor tasks using objective metrics may reveal a continuum of motor disability in persons with FSHD that predicts future motor dysfunction. Methods: This is part of an ongoing pilot study of 20 persons with FSHD. Subjects performed the timed up and go test, a standardized test of walking that requires the patient to rise from a seated position, walk a defined distance, turn 180 degrees, walk back to a chair and sit down, while outfitted with 6 wireless sensors containing a tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscope. Parameters of movement assessed during walking including temporal and spatial parameters, limb range of motion, and trunk motion. Subjects returned within 2 weeks to repeat testing to determine test-retest reliability. Temporal and spatial parameters of gait were compared to clinical severity score and the 6 minute walk test. Results: We present preliminary data on 8 participants (3 men/5 women; 4 mild-moderate/4 moderate-severe), with reliability testing for 5 participants. Temporal gait parameters were reduced compared to normative values, and there was a trend towards decreasing performance with increasing disease severity. Reliability was good to excellent for most gait metrics (ICC 0.85-0.99). Range of motion in arms and legs showed asymmetry in FSHD compared. Primary gait metrics had moderate to strong correlations to 6 minute walk test distances (Pearson correlation: r=0.76-0.96). Conclusions: Instrumented timed functional tasks using portable wireless sensors are simple and quick to perform, appear to be reliable, are abnormal in FSHD, and appear to be able to distinguish between FSHD participants with differing disease severities.