gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of pigmentation and illumination on the perception of erythema. (1992)

The visual assessment of erythema induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) involves a comparison of the irradiated site with surrounding nonirradiated skin. By viewing the skin through plastic filters of varying shades of brown to simulate different degrees of pigmentation and under either incandescent or fluorescent lighting, we were able to examine the influence of pigmentation and illumination on the perception of erythema. Illuminating the skin with either light source at the same illuminance did not affect the determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED). Likewise, the range of pigmentation that may occur in Caucasian skin had little or no effect on the perception of the MED compared with white, untanned skin. However, when the skin was viewed through dark brown filters that approximate the absorbance of Negro skin, erythema was only perceived at sites that had been irradiated with more than about twice the MED.
Modeling and control of CHP generation for greenhouse cultivation including thermal energy storage (2018)

peer reviewed
Digital filtering for robust 50/60 Hz zero-crossing detectors (1996)

An improved digital filtering method for line frequency zero-crossing detectors is proposed. The multistage filter efficiently attenuates harmonics, wide-band noise, commutation notches, and other impulsive disturbances without causing any phase shift on the primary sinusoidal waveform. Our novel signal-processing system is a cascade of a median filter and an adaptive sinusoid predictor, followed by up-sampling and interpolation. The three-point median filter effectively removes impulses, and the predictor provides wide-band noise attenuation while compensating for delays in the other processing steps. The predictor adapts to possible line frequency variations within the specified range by changing the set of coefficients, based on an estimate of the instantaneous line frequency. The adaptive approach allows the use of highly selective IIR bandpass predictors.
Multi-objective, Decentralized Dynamic Virtual Machine Consolidation\n using ACO Metaheuristic in Computing Clouds (2017)

Underutilization of computing resources and high power consumption are two\nprimary challenges in the domain of Cloud resource management. This paper deals\nwith these challenges through offline, migration impact-aware, multi-objective\ndynamic Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation in the context of large-scale\nvirtualized data center environments. The problem is formulated as an NP-hard\ndiscrete combinatorial optimization problem with simultaneous objectives of\nminimizing resource wastage, power consumption, and the associated VM migration\noverhead. Since dynamic VM consolidation through VM live migrations have\nnegative impacts on hosted applications performance and data center components,\na VM live migration overhead estimation technique is proposed, which takes into\naccount pragmatic migration parameters and overhead factors. In order to tackle\nscalability issues, a hierarchical, decentralized dynamic VM consolidation\nframework is presented that helps to localize migration-related network traffic\nand reduce network cost. Moreover, a multi-objective, dynamic VM consolidation\nalgorithm is proposed by utilizing the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)\nmetaheuristic, with integration of the proposed VM migration overhead\nestimation technique. Comprehensive performance evaluation makes it evident\nthat the proposed dynamic VM consolidation approach outpaces the\nstate-of-the-art offline, migration-aware dynamic VM consolidation algorithm\nacross all performance metrics by reducing the overall power consumption by up\nto 47%, resource wastage by up to 64%, and migration overhead by up to 83%.\n
Supplementary Figure S5 from Addition of Losartan to FOLFIRINOX and Chemoradiation Reduces Immunosuppression-Associated Genes, Tregs, and FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Cancer Cells in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunofluorescence staining of residual PDAC in pathological responders and non-responders in FFX+CRT and losartan+FFX+CRT.&lt;/p&gt;
Poliovirus RNA recombination in cell-free extracts. (1997)

Poliovirus RNA has been shown to undergo homologous genetic recombination at a high frequency in infected human cells. Recently it has become possible to mimic the entire intracellular replicative cycle of poliovirus replication in cytoplasmic extracts prepared from HeLa cells, resulting in the generation of infectious poliovirions. The mechanism of poliovirus RNA recombination has been shown previously to be coupled to RNA replication, presumably by template switching during the replication of parental RNAs. Experiments were designed to test whether recombinant poliovirus RNA molecules are produced in a cell-free environment. Recombinant molecules generated bear marker sequences that can be detected physically by reverse transcription and PCR. We report here successful detection of poliovirus RNA recombination in a cell-free replication system. The frequency measured for cell-free RNA recombination between two polymorphic marker loci 656 nt apart was between 10(-2) and 10(-3) recombinants/genome, a frequency comparable to or slightly higher than that measured for RNA recombination in infected cells.
Effects of compaction and simulated root channels in the subsoil on root development, water uptake and growth of radiata pine (1992)

Effects of subsoil compaction and simulated root channels (perforations) through the compacted layer on root growth, water uptake, foliar nutrient concentration and growth of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were studied in a field experiment where a range of treatments were applied in reconstituted soil profiles. Subsoil compaction adversely affected root penetration in deeper parts of the soil and consequently caused greater water stress in trees. However, the effect of compaction was largely overcome when the subsoil was perforated to render 0.2% of the soil volume into vertical channels. Roots showed a remarkable ability to reach the points of low penetration strength and to travel through them to deeper parts of the profile. Perforations through compacted soil layers at a relatively low frequency may be a practical solution to allow root development into deeper parts of the soil and allow greater soil water exploration by roots.
Hierarchical carbon nanotube assemblies created by sugar–boric or boronic acid interactions (2008)

We previously found that polysaccharide "schizophyllan (SPG)" can entrap as-grown and cut single-walled carbon nanotubes (as-SWNTs and c-SWNTs, respectively): we here reported that the c-SWNT-s-SPG (single stranded SPG) composites thus obtained can be aligned regularly using the covalent bond formation between boric acid or boronic acid derivatives and the 4,6-dihydroxyl group of the glucose side-chain unit.
Ultra-high-efficiency near-infrared Ga2O3:Cr3+phosphor and controlling of phytochrome (2020)

A near-infrared Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup>phosphor and the controlling of phytochrome.
Aerosol properties associated with air masses arriving into the North East Atlantic during the 2008 Mace Head EUCAARI intensive observing period: an overview (2010)

Abstract. As part of the EUCAARI Intensive Observing Period, a 4-week campaign to measure aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties, atmospheric structure, and cloud microphysics was conducted from mid-May to mid-June, 2008 at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, located at the interface of Western Europe and the N. E. Atlantic and centered on the west Irish coastline. During the campaign, continental air masses comprising both young and aged continental plumes were encountered, along with polar, Arctic and tropical air masses. Polluted-continental aerosol concentrations were of the order of 3000 cm−3, while background marine air aerosol concentrations were between 400–600 cm−3. The highest marine air concentrations occurred in polar air masses in which a 15 nm nucleation mode, with concentration of 1100 cm−3, was observed and attributed to open ocean particle formation. Continental air submicron chemical composition (excluding refractory sea salt) was dominated by organic matter, closely followed by sulphate mass. Although the concentrations and size distribution spectral shape were almost identical for the young and aged continental cases, hygroscopic growth factors (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to total condensation nuclei (CN) concentration ratios were significantly less in the younger pollution plume, indicating a more oxidized organic component to the aged continental plume. The difference in chemical composition and hygroscopic growth factor appear to result in a 40–50% impact on aerosol scattering coefficients and Aerosol Optical Depth, despite almost identical aerosol microphysical properties in both cases, with the higher values been recorded for the more aged case. For the CCN/CN ratio, the highest ratios were seen in the more age plume. In marine air, sulphate mass dominated the sub-micron component, followed by water soluble organic carbon, which, in turn, was dominated by methanesulphonic acid (MSA). Sulphate concentrations were highest in marine tropical air – even higher than in continental air. MSA was present at twice the concentrations of previously-reported concentrations at the same location and the same season. Both continental and marine air exhibited aerosol GFs significantly less than ammonium sulphate aerosol pointing to a significant organic contribution to all air mass aerosol properties.
Three-dimensional photonic crystal with a stop band from 135 to 195???m (1999)

A combination of advanced silicon-processing techniques was used to create three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals with a 180-nm minimum feature size. The resulting 3D crystal displayed a strong stop band at optical wavelengths from lambda=1.35 microm to lambda=1.95 microm . This is believed to be the smallest 3D crystal with a complete 3D photonic bandgap ever created.
Poly-arginine-18 (R18) Confers Neuroprotection through Glutamate Receptor Modulation, Intracellular Calcium Reduction, and Preservation of Mitochondrial Function (2020)

Recent studies have highlighted that a novel class of neuroprotective peptide, known as cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), have intrinsic neuroprotective properties and are particularly effective anti-excitotoxic agents. As such, the present study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-excitotoxic properties of CARPs, using poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) as a representative peptide. Cortical neuronal cultures subjected to glutamic acid excitotoxicity were used to assess the effects of R18 on ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR)-mediated intracellular calcium influx, and its ability to reduce neuronal injury from raised intracellular calcium levels after inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake by thapsigargin. The results indicate that R18 significantly reduces calcium influx by suppressing iGluR overactivation, and results in preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP production, and reduced ROS generation. R18 also protected cortical neurons against thapsigargin-induced neurotoxicity, which indicates that the peptide helps maintain neuronal survival when intracellular calcium levels are elevated. Taken together, these findings provide important insight into the mechanisms of action of R18, supporting its potential application as a neuroprotective therapeutic for acute and chronic neurological disorders.
Realities of E-voting Security (2012)

There has been substantial debate about e-voting security in the past 10 years. As a result, e-voting has evolved away from lever machines and punched cards, through touchscreen voting machines, to a voter-verifiable paper audit trail phase, and voter-marked paper ballots paired with optical scan tabulators. Still, the debate over e-voting security continues. The guest editors introduce the articles in this special issue, which cover technology aimed at both improving election integrity and providing confidence through postelection audits. These articles advance the e-voting security debate and will contribute to long-term election integrity.
Abstract 3297: CD90/Thy-1-positive cells in the peripheral blood of tumor patients co-express CD44 (2010)

Abstract Aims: Interactions between epithelial tumor cells and the surrounding milieu are an essential regulatory component of tumor development. Especially the contribution of the crosstalk between epithelial tumor cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) on tumor progression and metastasis formation is of emerging interest. Therefore, we ask whether circulating TAFs could be detected in the peripheral blood of tumor patients and how they could be further characterized. Methods: CD90/Thy-1 is a putative marker of TAFs. A fluorescence-scanning-cytometer (scanR) was used to detect and quantify vital CD90-positive cells in blood samples from individual tumor patients (e.g. breast, bladder, kidney). For further analysis CD90-positive cells were separated from leukocyte fractions pooled from different tumor patients using an immunomagnetic cell separation technology (ROBOSEP®). The CD90-positive fraction was subsequently analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. We focused on the expression of other stroma markers like FAP-alpha and cell surface proteins like CD44 which are involved in metastasis formation. Results: In cell culture experiments we established CD90 as a highly specific marker for fibroblasts. The amount of CD90 positive cells in whole blood samples varied from 0 up to 54,000 cells/ml and changed over time. The CD90-positive cells were enriched immunomagnetically from the leukocyte fraction pooled from tumor patients. By immunofluorescence we approved the cell vitality and verified that the separated cells do not belong to the sub-population of CD34-positive blood stem cells. Blood samples from more than 300 patients with solid tumors were tested for the presence of CD90-positive cells. Immunofluorescence double staining of the separated cells showed the co-expression of CD90 and CD44, which participates in a wide variety of cellular functions like hematopoiesis and tumor metastasis formation. Further immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of CD29 which is involved in metastasis formation and CD105 a marker for activated fibroblasts in a subset of the CD90-positive cell fraction. Conclusions: We could show that CD90-positive cells circulate in the peripheral blood of tumor patients. The additional expression of other stroma and tumor associated proteins on the cells could argue for their involvement in aspects of tumor progression. Ongoing studies should evaluate their suitability as prognostic factor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3297.
Red Meat Consumption and Mortality (2012)

Red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of total, CVD, and cancer mortality. Substitution of other healthy protein sources for red meat is associated with a lower mortality risk.
General Combining Ability Model for Genomewide Selection in a Biparental Cross (2014)

ABSTRACT Genomewide selection within an A/B biparental cross is most advantageous if it could be effectively done before the cross is phenotyped. Our objectives were to determine if a general combining ability (GCA) model is useful for genomewide selection in an A/B cross, and to assess the influence of training population size ( N GCA ), number of crosses pooled into the training population ( N × ), linkage disequilibrium ( r 2 ), and heritability (h 2 ) on the prediction accuracy with the GCA model. The GCA model involved pooling 4 to 38 maize crosses with A and B as one of the parents into the training population for an A/B cross, whereas the same background (SB) model involved pooling crosses between random inbreds. Across 30 A/B test populations, the mean response to selection (R) with the GCA model was 0.19 Mg ha –1 for testcross grain yield, –6 g kg –1 for moisture, and 0.38 kg hL –1 for test weight. These R values with the GCA model were 68 to 76% of the corresponding R values with phenotypic selection (PS). The R values with the SB model were only 15 to 28% of the R values with PS. Increasing the size of the training population with random crosses from the same heterotic group was less important than including crosses with A and B as one of the parents. Prediction accuracy was most highly correlated with and . Our results indicated that the GCA model is routinely effective for genomewide selection within A/B crosses, before phenotyping the progeny in the cross.
Finding Recent Tuberculous Infection in New Orleans (1976)

We tested infants and preschool-age children from the New Orleans Health Department programs for tuberculosis contact investigation and for tuberculin skin testing. About 7.8% (34 of 438) of the contacts and about 0.78% (107 of 13,797) of those given skin tests were tuberculosis-infected. Both programs, we concluded, detected enough recent tuberculous infection to be worthwhile as screening procedures. (<i>JAMA</i>235:931-932, 1976)
Biocompatible Flavone-Based Fluorogenic Probes for Quick Wash-Free Mitochondrial Imaging in Living Cells (2014)

Mitochondria, vital organelles existing in almost all eukaryotic cells, play a crucial role in energy metabolism and apoptosis of aerobic organisms. In this work, we report two new flavone-based fluorescent probes, MC-Mito1 and MC-Mito2, for monitoring mitochondria in living cells. These two probes exhibit remarkably low toxicity, good cell permeability, and high specificity; these probes complement the existing library of mitochondrial imaging agents. The new dyes give nearly no background fluorescence, and their application does not require tedious postwashing after cell staining. The appreciable tolerance of MC-Mito2 encourages a broader range of biological applications for understanding the cell degeneration and apoptosis mechanism.
The immunology of sepsis (2007)

Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to infection, is considered the major cause of death among critically ill patients in the developed world. While there is a general view that this reflects contributions from both the pathogen and the host with respect to an inappropriate inflammatory response, there is a lack of agreement as to the key immune mechanisms. This has been reflected in the diverse range of immunotherapies tested in clinical trials, often with rather marginal effects. The case has been made for a pathogenic role of excessive immunity, the so-called 'cytokine storm', and for a role of too little immunity through immune paralysis. Apoptosis is implicated as a key mechanism in both this immune paralysis and the multi-organ failure that is a feature of severe sepsis. A number of polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to sepsis, including cytokine genes, HLA class II and caspase-12. In this review we focus in particular on the role of group A streptococci in severe sepsis. Here the effect of bacterial superantigens appears to be a correlate of inflammatory activation, although the precise evolutionary role of the superantigens remains unclear.
FORAGES AND PASTURES SYMPOSIUM: Optimizing the use of fibrous residues in beef and dairy diets1 (2015)

Increased corn prices over the past decade have altered land use away from traditional forage in favor of corn. Accordingly, beef and dairy producers have had to adopt nontraditional forage resources into their production systems, many of which have become available as a result of increased corn production. Corn residues have become more available due to increases in corn hectares and yield. The individual plant components (i.e., husk, leaf, and stem) vary in fiber digestibility (NDF digestibility estimates = 40.5, 31.4, and 0.6% ± 0.8 for husk, leaf, and stalk, respectively). Stocking cattle to consume 3.6 kg forage/25.5 kg of grain allows cattle to graze selectively; selection of husks and leaves improves cattle performance. Byproducts of the wet and dry milling industries can be supplemented to calves grazing corn residues to provide protein and energy. Optimal gains were observed when these byproducts were supplemented at approximately 2.5 kg/d to 250-kg growing calves. Gestating beef cows do not require supplemental inputs when grazing corn residue, if stocked appropriately. Alkaline treatment of crop residues improves their feeding value. Concentrations of up to 20% harvested corn residue treated with calcium oxide can be included in finishing diets with an average of 1.3% reduction in G:F when diets contain 40% wet or modified distillers grains. Conversely, when untreated corn residues are included in similar finishing diets, G:F is reduced by 13.4%. Calcium oxide-treated residues included in beef growing diets increases DMI and ADG without significant improvements in G:F. Calcium oxide treatment of corn residues has been evaluated in dairy diets by replacing corn or corn silage with variable results. Efficient use of nontraditional fiber sources, such as corn milling byproducts and corn residue, are critical to the future viability of ruminant animal production.
Determination of Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltenic (SARA) Components in Crude Oils by Means of Infrared and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2001)

Eighteen crude oils and condensates have been investigated by means of infrared (IR) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By means of HPLC the samples have been separated into four chemical group classes, namely saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes, the so-called SARA fractions. Using multivariate analysis techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares analysis (PLS), the predictive ability of the spectroscopic techniques with regard to the SARA components have been explored. The results show that the SARA distribution of crude oils and related materials can be determined both from infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy. The uncertainties in the prediction models based on IR spectroscopy have been found to be 2.5, 2.2, 1.4, and 1.3 wt % for the saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fraction, respectively. For NIR the equivalent uncertainties are 2.8, 2.4, 1.4, and 1.0 wt %. These values are in the same range as the reported uncertainty in the direct determination by HPLC. Spectroscopic determination of SARA values, especially using NIR, offers the possibility of rapid SARA determinations of these values. The determinations could be done at high pressure and temperature.
Single photoelectron spin detection and angular momentum transfer in a gate defined quantum dot (2015)

Recent innovations in fabricating nanoscale confined spin systems have enabled investigation of fundamental quantum correlations between single quanta of photons and matter states. Realization of quantum state transfer from photon polarization to electron spin using gate defined quantum dots (QDs) may give evidence of preserved coherence of angular momentum basis states at the photon-spin interface. The interface would enlarge the concept of quantum information technology, in which single photogenerated electron spins are manipulated with the dots, but this remains a serious challenge. Here, we report the detection of single electron spins generated by polarized single photons via a double QD (DQD) to verify the angular momentum transfer from single photons to single electrons. Pauli spin blockade (PSB) is used to project the photoelectron spin state onto the up or down spin state. Our result promises the realization of coherent quantum state transfer and development of hybrid photon and spin quantum technology.