gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy absorption of nanoporous silica particles in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (2006)

An experimental study is carried out on the effect of chemical admixtures, particularly sodium chloride, on the energy absorption behaviour of a hydrophobic nanoporous silica. As the pressure increases, once the capillary effect is overcome, the liquid is forced into the nanopores; and when the pressure is reduced, outflow is difficult, resulting in a pronounced hysteresis. The inflow pressure and the specific absorbed energy are strongly dependent on the sodium chloride concentration, providing a promising way to adjust the system performance.
Identification of Potent Odorants in Seal Blubber Oil by Direct Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (2001)

Volatile components of crude and refined-bleached-deodorized seal blubber oils were analyzed by direct thermal desorption-cryogenic trapping-gas chromatography olfactometry (DTD-GCO). Sample dilution analysis (SDA) was used in conjuction with DTD-GCO to indicate predominant odor-active compounds in the oils. A total of 27 odorants were detected consisting of 15 aldehydes, five ketones, two alcohols, and five unknown compounds. More (27) odorants were identified in the crude oil than in the refined oil (17). In general, odorants were present at higher odor-potency in the crude oil. Predominant odorants included (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one (metallic), (E,E,Z)-2,4,7-decatrienal (fatty, fishy), (Z)-3-hexenal (green, cut-leaf), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (cucumber), and an unknown (plastic, water bottle). DTD-GCO and SDA provided a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for the study of the occurrence and removal of off-odors in seal blubber oils.
Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl). (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl).Hans HeymannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4, 1012Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01537a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01537a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organometallic reaction mechanisms. 15. Factors influencing the nature of Grignard reactions with ketones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic reaction mechanisms. 15. Factors influencing the nature of Grignard reactions with ketonesE. C. Ashby and T. L. WiesemannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 1, 189–199Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00469a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00469a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views816Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Hexahydroindeno[2,1‐b]pyrroles via an Intramolecular Azomethine Ylide Cycloaddition. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry based targeted proteomics quantification of P‐glycoprotein in various biological samples (2011)

P-Glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) is expressed in membrane barriers to exclude pharmacological substrates from cells, and therefore influences the ADME/Tox properties and efficacy of therapeutics. In the present study, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)-mediated targeted proteomics was developed to quantitate P-gp protein. With the aid of in silico predictive tools, a unique 9-mer tryptic peptide of P-gp protein was synthesized (with the stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide as internal standard) and applied for quantitative LC/MS/MS method development. For LC/MS/MS quantification, the N-glycosylation of the peptide, polymorphism and transmembrane region was intended to be excluded during the peptide selection. The lower limit of quantification was established to be 0.025 nM with the linearity of the standard curve ranging to 20 nM of P-gp signature peptides in the matrix digested surrogate bovine serum albumin. The digestion efficiency, both the accuracy (relative error) and the precision (coefficient of variation) of the method, was verified by using the synthetic quantification peptide and the synthetic surrogate substrate peptide that mimics the sequence of tryptic peptide and associated flanking tryptic cleavage sites at the N- and C-terminals. By applying the method developed, the absolute amounts of human, dog and mouse P-gp (Mdr1a) were quantified in various biological samples. LC/MS/MS-mediated P-gp quantification was achieved as a highly sensitive, selective and reproducible assay and could be directly applicable to many current research needs related to P-gp.
Dynamics of innate immunity are key to chronic immune activation in AIDS (2011)

Chronic immune activation is today considered the leading cause of AIDS in HIV-infected individuals. Systems biology has recently lent arguments for considering chronic immune activation a result of untimely innate immune responses by the host to the infection. Future strategies for the analysis, comprehension, and incorporation of the dynamic component of immune activation into HIV vaccination strategies are discussed.
Impedimetric Genosensor Based on Controllable Pi–Pi Functionalization of Zirconia Decorated Graphene Nanoflakes for the Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon-19 Mutation (2020)

A disposable genosensor enhanced with 1-pyrenebutyric-acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide-ester (PY) -functionalized-zirconia-graphene nanocomposite has been fabricated for the detection of exon-19 mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A green approach using solvent-exfoliation and solvothermal synthesis was employed to prepare the PY-functionalized-zirconia-graphene nanocomposite. The fabrication steps of the genosensor were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Both tests advocated that the capture-DNA designed to detect the wild-type sequence of exon-19 was effectively immobilized on the electrode surface via a stable amide bond with the biolinker. The response of the sensor was amplified by optimizing the ratio of PY, the concentration and the immobilization time of the capture-DNA, as well as the hybridization time and temperature of the capture-target DNA. Under optimized sensing conditions, the wild-type DNA can be quantified from 5 nM to 1 μM, with an R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.99 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 nM. The sensor exhibited a reproducibility of 8.3% relative standard deviation (RSD), and satisfactory stability after 8 days of storage. The fabricated genosensor is disposable, label-free, and cost-effective, making it advantageous for clinical applications. This work not only demonstrated a reliable technique for the detection of lung cancer-associated DNA mutation but also offered a promising portable platform for the detection of other genetic mutational diseases in general.
Distribution of Type Viii Collagen in Tissues: An Immunohistochemical Study (1990)

Type VIII collagen was first detected as a secretion product of diverse endothelial cell cultures, including those derived from aorta, arteries and veins. Initial studies of its tissue distribution (using a monoclonal antibody) showed it to be present in a restricted number of tissues and failed to find it in the vasculature. Recently, type VIII collagen was shown (using monospecific polyclonal antibodies) to be a component of large blood vessels with predominant localization in the subendothelium. We applied an improved immunofluorescence technique using these antibodies to define the tissue distribution of type VIII collagen. We show that it is a component of arterioles and venules in muscle, heart, kidney, spleen, liver and lung and is also found in connective tissue layers around hair follicles, around nerve bundles in muscle, in the dura of the optic nerve, in cornea and sclera, and in the perichondrium of cartilaginous tissues. This collagen variant appears to have a wider distribution than originally assumed. It is a macromolecular component of the subendothelium, possibly a constituent of the vascular intimal basement membrane.
Hybrid Multiple Access for Uplink OFDMA System (2012)

We propose a hybrid multiple access (HMA) for uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, which combines two resource sharing schemes: a scheduling-based resource allocation (SBRA) scheme and a contentionbased resource allocation (CBRA) scheme. The SBRA scheme is appropriate for non-real time high data rate traffic, and, CBRA is appropriate for near-real time low/medium data rate traffic. Thus, the proposed HMA scheme supports various types of traffic. As a CBRA scheme, our proposed random frequency hopping (RFH)-OFDMA scheme was presented. Simulation results show that the proposed HMA yields the best performance among various resource allocation schemes for uplink OFDMA systems.
Chromatic dispersion characterization for meter-long CMOS compatible spiral waveguides (2020)

We demonstrated that the chromatic dispersion of CMOS-compatible waveguide sets increases with their thickness from -465 to 45 ps/nm/km by extending the measuring range of interferometer-based scheme beyond the maximum length of optical delay line.
Characterisation of ZnO-based varistors prepared from nanometre Precursor powders (1999)

Nanometre precursor powders of ZnO and various additives are synthesised by a new technology, namely chemical coprecipitation and plasma pyrolysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method are employed to illustrate the precursor powders' properties. The ZnO and additive composite powders are composed of spherical particles whose size is about 10–50 nm. Varistors are prepared by sintering the precursor powders at 1050 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the average grain size of the varistors is about 1.0 μm. The prepared ZnO-based varistors have excellent electronic properties. Analytical results reveal that the breakdown voltage is 500.0 V mm−1 and the non-linear coefficient is about 54.0. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The kinesiology of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint. (1981)

To measure the motions of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb quantitatively, a roentgenographic method was developed and tested using T-shaped metal markers, a special cassette-holder, and biplane roentgenograms. Two experiments were performed. In the first one, the metal markers were fixed to the trapezium and third metacarpal in ten cadaver specimens, and a fixed spatial relationship between the trapezium and the third metacarpal was identified roentgenographically. This relationship was that the reference axes of the trapezium were aligned at median angles of 48 degrees of flexion, 38 degrees of abduction, and 80 degrees of pronation with reference to the reference axes of the third metacarpal. In the second experiment, in the dominant hand of nine male and ten female subjects (average age, twenty-six years) T-shaped markers were fixed to the skin overlying the third metacarpal and the metacarpal and phalanges of the thumb. Using the same roentgenographic technique and coordinate systems employed in the first study, the average total motions of the trapeziometacarpal joint (determined as motions of the first metacarpal with reference to the third metacarpal) were 53 degrees of flexion-extension, 42 degrees of abduction-adduction, and 17 degrees of axial rotation (pronation-supination). In addition, six functional positions of the thumb were studied: rest, flexion, extension, abduction, tip pinch, and grasp. A position of adduction and flexion of the trapeziometacarpal joint was most common during thumb function, and both the trapeziometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints contributed to rotation of the thumb.
The Constituents of the Steam Volatile Oil from Allium tuberosum Rottler (1974)

にらの水蒸気揮発性成分を明確にするため,東大阪市に栽培されているものを,生のまま水蒸気蒸留し,得た揮発性油をカラムクロマトグラフィーにより各画分に溶出分離し,これをGLCおよびIR, NMR, MSスペクトルなどを用いて検索した. その結果,Table IIに示す含硫黄化合物7成分とリナロールの存在を明らかにした.また,にら特有の臭気はこれらジー,トリ-およびテトラスルフィドなどから構成されているものと考えられる. 本研究を行なうに当り,標準試料を提供してくださった共立化工株式会社に深く感謝する次第である.
Dramatic Acceleration of Olefin Epoxidation in Fluorinated Alcohols:  Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide by Multiple H-Bond Networks (2006)

In 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as solvent, the epoxidation of olefins by hydrogen peroxide is accelerated up to ca. 100 000-fold (relative to that in 1,4-dioxane as solvent). The mechanistic basis of this effect was investigated kinetically and theoretically. The kinetics of the epoxidation of Z-cyclooctene provided evidence that higher-order solvent aggregates (rate order in HFIP ca. 3) are responsible for the rate acceleration. Activation parameters (DeltaS++ = -39 cal/mol.K) indicated a highly ordered transition state in the rate-determining step. In line with these findings, DFT simulations revealed a pronounced decrease of the activation barrier for oxygen transfer from H(2)O(2) to ethene with increasing number of (specifically) coordinated HFIP molecules. The oxygen transfer was unambiguously identified as a polar concerted process. Simulations (combined DFT and MP2) of the epoxidation of Z-butene were in excellent agreement with the experimental data obtained in the epoxidation of Z-cyclooctene (activation enthalpy, entropy, and kinetic rate order in HFIP of 3), supporting the validity of our mechanistic model.
Formation of the broadband biosonar beam of dolphins: Melon-focusing hypothesis not correct (2019)

In 1974, Norris and Harvey measured the sound velocity profile of the melon of a just deceased bottlenose dolphin and found a low-velocity core in the melon with the velocity increasing towards the surface. This was the genesis of the “melon focusing” hypothesis in the formation of the biosonar beam. Aroyan solved the wave equation for a signal produced at the nasal plug using a finite difference approach and found that the skull was responsible for the biosonar beam. Aroyan’s results were never taken seriously and the notion that the melon was mainly responsible for the biosonar beam continues to this day. We used a finite element approach to solve the wave equation for a broadband signal generated at the phonic lips. CT scan data were used to provide a map of the acoustic impedance of the dolphin’s head and our results compared well with different measurements made around the dolphin’s head and in the far field. Our findings also showed that the skull and air sacs are the most influential structures in the formation of the biosonar beam and the melon was responsible for directing the axis of the beam. Our results should put to rest the “melon-focusing” hypothesis.
Band Structure of Platinum Antimonide (1965)

The band structure of Pt${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}$ is calculated in a tight-binding approximation, assuming that the conduction and valence bands are formed primarily from an incomplete set of $5d$ electrons on ionized Pt, the band gap arising from spin-orbit splitting; the interaction with the $6s$ orbitals is included. Interactions with the Sb atoms have been largely ignored, apart from certain geometrical effects. The calculated bands show the observed symmetries and approximately the observed effective masses, but are very shallow; the full effect of this shallowness on the transport properties has not yet been determined.
Validation of bitstream syntax and synthesis of parsers in the MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding framework (2008)

Video coding technology has evolved in the past years into a variety of different and complex algorithms. So far the specification of such standard algorithms has been done case by case providing monolithic textual and reference SW specifications, but without any attention on commonalities and the possibility of incremental improvements or modifications of such monolithic standards. The MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding (RVC) framework is a new ISO standard, currently under development aiming at providing video codec specifications at the level of library functions instead of monolithic algorithms. The possibility to select a subset of standard coding algorithms to specify a decoder that satisfies application specific constraints is very attractive. However, such possibility to reconfigure codecs requires systematic procedures and tools capable of describing the new bitstream syntaxes of such new codecs. Moreover, it is also necessary to generate the associated parsers which are capable to parse the new bitstreams because they are not available ldquoa priorirdquo in the RVC library. This paper further explains the problem and describes the technologies used to describe new bitstream syntaxes within RVC. In addition, the paper describes the methodology and the tools for the validation of bitstream syntaxes descriptions as well as an example of systematic procedures for the direct synthesis of parsers in the same data flow formalism in which the RVC library component are implemented.
Recommendations for accelerating global action to prevent folic acid–preventable birth defects and other folate‐deficiency diseases: Meeting of experts on preventing folic acid–preventable neural tube defects (2004)

The group formulated and discussed recommendations and strategies for increasing the pace of neural tube defect prevention globally. The recommendations and strategies are published here.
Information theoretic measures for PET image reconstruction and non-rigid image registration (2012)

We explore the use of information theoretic measures for positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction and for multi-modality non-rigid registration.
Modeling of segmentation clock mechanism in presomitic mesoderm (2009)

Somite is sequentially generated in a head-to-tail order by segmentation of the mesenchymal tissue called presomitic mesoderm (PSM). The segmentation occurs periodically at the anterior end of the PSM, and this periodic segmentation has been suggested to be regulated by a molecular clock. In mouse PSM, the segmentation-related genes change their expression every 120 minutes, and this cyclic expression is essential for regular somite segmentation. In this study, a molecular mechanism of segmentation clock involving Wnt and Delta-Notch signaling pathways is modeled, and reality of the model structure is investigated through simulating biological findings. One dimensional array of the cellular clock models is constructed to simulate spatio-temporal dynamics of the gene-expressions in the PSM. The simulation result suggests that the Wnt gradient across the PSM is involved in the dynamics under concern.
Endothelial Cell Injury (1999)

In conventional cardiac surgery, use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiates a series of events best-characterized as a “whole body inflammatory response,” with activation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and inflammatory cascades (1–3). Perturbation and activation of the endothelium are central in this response (4–6). However, with the emergence of minimally invasive techniques that allow coronary artery bypass grafts to be performed on a beating heart without CPB, it is likely that diminished acute systemic endothelial activation will result.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies against the murine homolog of proteinase 3 (Wegener autoantigen) are pathogenic in vivo (2004)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) recognizing human proteinase 3 of neutrophil granules are a diagnostic hallmark of Wegener granulomatosis, an autoimmune systemic vasculitis with predilection for the respiratory tract and kidneys. In vitro experiments have implicated several mechanisms by which ANCAs may lead to tissue injury. However, little is known about the pathogenic significance of proteinase 3-specific antibodies in vivo. In vivo models for ANCA-mediated proinflammatory effects have not been forthcoming, primarily because ANCA epitopes on human proteinase 3 are not shared by the murine homolog. In this study we generated ANCAs against recombinant murine proteinase 3 in proteinase 3/neutrophil elastase-deficient mice that recognized the murine antigen on the surface of neutrophils. Local inflammation induced by intradermal injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha triggered a stronger subcutaneous panniculitis in the presence of passively transferred systemic proteinase 3-ANCAs than in the presence of mock immune serum. When we transferred mouse proteinase 3-ANCA serum to systemically lipopolysaccharide-primed wild-type mice, mice treated with proteinase 3-ANCAs did not develop significantly stronger signs of inflammation of the lungs or kidneys than the respective mock immune serum-treated animals. In conclusion, our in vivo study provides the first evidence for a pathogenic effect of proteinase 3-specific ANCAs at local sites of inflammation.