gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solute Diffusion in Hydrogels and Polymer Solutions (2016)

Hydrogels are used in a wide variety of fields, including separation processes such as chromatography, the encapsulation of cells for both biomedical and fermentation purposes, in biosensors, and as biomaterials for the delivery of bioactive agents to the body as well as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Further, diffusion of small molecules, globular proteins and colloidal particles in aqueous polymer solutions is important for drug diffusion in biological fluids and in the release of drugs from formulations such as tablets. The one feature of hydrogels and polymer solutions that all these applications capitalize upon is the ability of the polymer chains in solution to restrict the diffusive movement of a solute. For design purposes it would be useful to have a mathematical expression that provides reliable estimates of solute diffusion coefficients within hydrogels. In this talk, the development and utility of a model based on obstruction effects will be presented and its ability to predict solute diffusion coefficients within hydrogels and polymer solutions demonstrated.
Dysfunctional mitochondrial topoisomerases mediates diabetic induced myocardial mitochondrial DNA damage. (2012)

We have reported previously that chronically elevated glucose induced mtDNA damage that was linked to dysfunctional mitochondrial topoisomerase activity. The present study extends those observations to the type 2 diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rat. Diabetes significantly decreased cytochrome oxidase activity in GK LV compared to Wistar LV. Mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with significantly increased mtDNA damage without a change in mitochondrial copy number. TTGE analysis of the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 3 identified several different nucleotide substitutions in the GK LV that altered the primary protein sequence; none were observed in Wistar LV. In isolated mitochondria, diabetes significantly increased mitochondrial dependent DNA cleavage. Immunoprecipitation with a mitochondrial topoisomerase I antibody partially blocked mitochondrial dependent DNA cleavage indicating a functional role for this enzyme. Incubation of mitochondrial extracts with 50 μM H2O2 increased mitochondrial topoisomerase dependent DNA cleavage, implicating ROS as a modifier of topoisomerase function. Separate from a direct impact of oxidative stress on mtDNA, ROS‐induced alteration of mitochondrial topoisomerase function propagated mtDNA damage. These findings indicate a significant role for mitochondrial topoisomerase function in the development and complications of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Group A Streptococcus-Liposome Elisa Antibody Titers To Group A Polysaccharide And Opsonophagocytic Capabilities Of The Antibodies (1995)

Antibodies reactive with group A streptococci (GAS) carbohydrate were studied by ELISA and in an indirect bactericidal assay. The ELISA used GAS carbohydrate covalently bound to phosphatidylethanolamine incorporated into liposomes so that both precipitating and nonprecipitating antibodies were measured. Sera from children from different geographic areas exhibited marked differences in levels of anti-GAS carbohydrate antibody, which increased with age. The antibodies were predominantly of IgG. In bactericidal assays, most of these sera promoted phagocytosis of several type-specific M-positive strains. Opsonization was also related to serum levels of anti-GAS carbohydrate antibodies. These opsonizing antibodies were depleted from the serum by absorption of the sera on an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine affinity column. Antibody eluted from this column could partially restore opsonization of GAS. Anti-GAS carbohydrate antibodies play a major role in these opsonophagocytosis assays.
Delay-time-enhanced photonic crystal fiber array for wireless communications using two-dimensional X-band phased-array antennas (2005)

Continuously tunable optical true time-delay (TTD) modules based on dispersion-enhanced photonic crystal fibers (DEPCFs) are demonstrated to provide continuous microwave squint-free beam scanning for an X-band (8 to 12 GHz) phased-array antenna (PAA) system. The dispersion of the fabricated photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is as high as –600 ps/nm km at 1550 nm. By employing PCFs to increase the dispersion, the TTD module size can be proportionally reduced. The time delay is continuously tunable from –31 ps to 31 ps between adjacent delay lines by tuning the laser wavelength continuously from 1528 to 1560 nm. The far-field radiation patterns of a 1×4 subarray were measured from –45 to 45 deg scanning angles. Squint-free operation is experimentally confirmed. Wavelength conversion is also demonstrated to confirm that time-delay information can be successfully transferred from one wavelength to the other without being changed, which is suitable to be implemented in 2-D phased-array antenna systems. The TTD formation idea presented is suitable for not only the X band, but also the other higher microwave frequencies, such as the K band.
Abstract TP89: Absolute Cerebral Blood Flow Assessment With Novel Low-Dose Whole Brain Dynamic CT Perfusion Technique (2020)

Purpose: Existing CT perfusion (CTP) techniques are limited in accurate assessment of stroke. The purpose of this study is to validate a novel low-dose whole-brain first-pass analysis (FPA) technique as compared with gold standard microsphere measurement in a swine model. Materials and Methods: Contrast-enhanced CTP of 5 Yorkshire swine (55 ± 24 kg) was performed over 30 seconds at baseline and following incremental brain embolization. For each acquisition, gold standard fluorescent microspheres, IV contrast, and saline were injected (5 ml/s), followed by dynamic CTP imaging in a 320-slice CT scanner. Scan parameters were 320 x 0.5 mm collimation, 100 kVp, 200 mA, and 350 ms gantry rotation time. On average, 47 contrast-enhanced volume scans were acquired per acquisition to capture the entire time attenuation curve (TAC) of the carotid artery. For each acquisition, only two retrospectively selected volume scans were used to quantify brain perfusion with the low-dose FPA technique. Specifically, the first volume scan was selected at the base, while the second volume scan was selected at the peak of the TAC. Regional low-dose FPA CTP measurements from different lobes were then quantitatively compared to gold standard microsphere perfusion of corresponding tissue samples by using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. The CT dose index (CTDI) and dose-length product (DLP) of two-volume FPA technique were also determined. Results: Low-dose FPA perfusion measurements (P FPA ) were related to gold standard microsphere perfusion measurements (P MICRO ) by P FPA = 1.14 P MICRO - 0.01 (r = 0.93, p &lt; 0.01). The CTDI and DLP per two-volume FPA CTP were estimated to be 25.6 mGy and 409.6 mGy, respectively. Conclusion: Low dose FPA CTP technique was retrospectively validated in a swine model and has the potential to be used for accurate diagnostic assessment and follow up of patients with stroke and vasospasm.
Monoclonal antibodies to HLA class I restricted influenza epitopes (93.8) (2007)

Abstract The immune response to viruses involves the presentation of peptide epitopes in the context of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule. The HLA class I molecule consists of a heavy chain, a light chain, and a peptide of 9–10 amino acids that is positioned in a groove formed by the class I heavy chain. Identification of HLA class I-restricted peptide epitopes that distinguish a virus-infected cell from a non-infected cell is positioned to facilitate studies of antigen presentation, viral diagnostics, and the design of viral vaccines/therapeutics. Recently, we have directly discovered epitopes presented by the class I HLA of influenza-infected cells. Using HLA tetramers and single chain trimers (SCT) as immunogens, we have produced monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to HLA class I molecules carrying viral peptide epitopes. The peptide/HLA specificity of the mAbs was confirmed by ELISA and by flow cytometry. The results of these experiments demonstrate that mAb specific for HLA/influenza peptide epitopes could be useful for studying the dynamics of viral epitope presentation and may represent a tool for targeting viral infected cells.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis : evaluation on breast phantoms of the dosimetry and faisability of quality control. (2014)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-2351 / Digital Breast Tomosynthesis : evaluation on breast phantoms of the dosimetry and faisability of quality control. by: E. MEYBLUM, F. Gardavaud, T. H. DAO, P. Beaussart, F. Pigneur, A. Rahmouni, A. Luciani; Creteil/FR
Novel power saving architecture for OCDMA code generation (2013)

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical reflectors have become used for encoding and decoding optical code division multiple assess (OCDMA) data. We observed that only about 20% of the power that enters into an optical FBG en/decoder is reflected and the remaining 80% is not used in the en/decoding process. We present a novel architecture that will enable both cost and energy efficiency in the process of generating optical CDMA codes. The architecture achieves effective utilization of available optical power. We have been able to achieve power savings of up to 3dB for a 4-user OCDMA system.
Walter Nernst (1979)

Als Nernst über die Grundlagen der Ausbreitung von Radiowellen eine Vorlesung hielt, erzählte er, daß er die Ehre hatte, dem deutschen Kaiser und der Kaiserin eine Radioübertragung vorzuführen. Der Sender war im physikalischen Institut und Nernst beaufsichtigte die Sendung, zu der er eine Schallplattenaufnahme mit einem Lied, das der berühmte italienische Tenor Enrico Caruso sang, ausgewählt hatte. Nach der Übertragung wurde Nernst aufgefordert, ins Schloß zu kommen. Die Kaiserin gratulierte ihm für die wundervolle Vorführung und sagte ihm: „Verehrter Herr Professor, wir wußten gar nicht, daß Sie ein so guter Sänger sind!“
Performance of Textile Mask Materials in Varied Humidity: Filtration Efficiency, Breathability, and Quality Factor (2022)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, reusable masks became ubiquitous; these masks were made from various fabrics without guidance from the research community or regulating agencies. Though reusable masks reduce the waste stream associated with disposable masks and promote the use of masks by the population, their efficacy in preventing the transmission of infectious agents has not been evaluated sufficiently. Among the unknowns is the effect of relative humidity (RH) on fabrics’ filtration efficiency (FE) and breathability. This study evaluates the FE and breathability of several readily accessible mask materials in an aerosol chamber. Sodium chloride aerosols were used as the challenge aerosol with aerodynamic particle diameter in the 0.5 to 2.5 µm range. To mimic the variability in RH in the environment and the exhaled-breath condition, the chamber was operated at RH of 30% to 70%. The face velocity was varied between 0.05 m/s and 0.19 m/s to simulate different breathing rates. The FE and pressure drop were used to determine the quality factor of the materials. Among the tested materials, the 3M P100 filter has the highest pressure drop of 140 Pa; the N95 mask and the 3M P100 have almost 100% FE for all sizes of particles and tested face velocities; the surgical mask has nearly 90% FE for all the particles and the lowest pressure drop among the certified materials, which ranks it the second to the N95 mask in the quality factor. Other material performance data are presented as a function of relative humidity and aerosol size. The quality factor for each material was compared against reference filtration media and surgical masks. Multiple layers of selected materials are also tested. While the additional layers improve FE, the pressure drop increases linearly. Additionally, the certified materials performed approximately three times better than the highest performing non-certified material.
Real-Time Analysis of Student Comprehension: An Assessment of Electronic Student Response Technology in an Introductory Earth Science Course (2004)

Electronic student response technologies (SRT) are capable of assessing teaching and learning methods in real time, and they offer an exceptional means of introducing active learning protocols in classes with large enrollments. These wireless systems allow students to key in responses with remote control units to questions posed by an instructor in the classroom. Student responses then are displayed in real time, allowing both students and instructors to gauge student comprehension instantaneously. From Spring 2002 to Spring 2003, we utilized SRT in 4 sections of a high-enrollment introductory Earth Science course (Geosc 020: Planet Earth) at Penn State University. We conducted a multi-faceted assessment of the use of SRT in our course that included quantitative and qualitative perception data from students enrolled in the course and faculty/administrator visitors to our classroom. Our preliminary assessment of the pedagogical merits of SRT in our course suggests that this technology is an effective tool for introductory geoscience education.
A Stochastic Hybrid Structure for Predicting Disturbances in Mixed Automated and Human-Driven Vehicular Scenarios (2019)

In this work, we introduce a stochastic prediction method which can be utilized in applications such as cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) to predict interfering vehicles' movements. One of the main criteria in the design of automated vehicle systems is their robustness against the disturbances resulted from the non-homogeneity of the vehicular environment. The non-homogeneity is mainly due to the human-driven and automated/autonomous vehicles co-existence. It is therefore imperative for the automated applications to be designed with the capability of handling the uncertain behaviors of human-driven vehicles in a robust manner. This paper presents a method for vehicle movements time-series forecasting using a powerful non-parametric Bayesian inference method, namely Gaussian Processes. The proposed methodology is evaluated using realistic vehicle trajectory data from NGSIM dataset and is shown to provide more accurate results compared to baseline methods that use constant velocity coasting.
Bone Loss at the Femoral Neck in Premenopausal White Women: Effects of Weight Change and Sex-Hormone Levels (2002)

To investigate whether bone loss occurs in the premenopause, we measured the bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone area in the spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, and total hip, as well as the sex hormone levels of 130 healthy premenopausal white women (age, 31-50 yr) at least three times over 1-9 yr. We found an increase in all three bone measurements at the spine but no change in volumetric density. Neither could we detect any age-related changes in any of the three measurements in the total hip. In contrast, we detected a significant decrease in femoral neck BMD over time, due to a decrease in BMC and increase in bone area. Greater loss in femoral neck BMD was associated independently with weight loss and lower levels of estrone sulfate or E2. Separating the women into those with FSH spikes (>20 IU/liter) and women with consistently low FSH, we found the latter group had smaller decrease in BMD and that the decrease was due less to a decline in BMC and more to an increase in bone area. In summary, femoral neck BMD decreases in premenopausal women, particularly those with lower levels of estrogens resulting from slowing ovarian function despite regular menses. This decrease can be offset by more rapid weight gain.
Effect of Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy on Oxalate Production, Transport and Excretion in Rats (1984)

The role of sex hormones on oxalate synthesis by liver, transport by renal cortical mitochondria and urinary excretion was studied in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Orchiectomy decreased the hepatic synthesis of oxalate whereas ovariectomy increased it by 10 per cent. Castration inhibited oxalate transport by the renal mitochondria uncompetitively in both sexes. Urinary levels of oxalate were unaffected after orchiectomy whereas ovariectomy resulted in an initial elevation in the urinary oxalate levels which returned to control values by 21 days. The results are discussed in light of recent data.
Multinodal regulation of the arcuate/paraventricular nucleus circuit by leptin (2010)

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is critical for energy homeostasis, and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is a key site of MC4R action. Most studies suggest that leptin regulates PVN neurons indirectly, by binding to receptors in the arcuate nucleus or ventromedial hypothalamus and regulating release of products like α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), glutamate, and GABA from first-order neurons onto the MC4R PVN cells. Here, we investigate mechanisms underlying regulation of activity of these neurons under various metabolic states by using hypothalamic slices from a transgenic MC4R-GFP mouse to record directly from MC4R neurons. First, we show that in vivo leptin levels regulate the tonic firing rate of second-order MC4R PVN neurons, with fasting increasing firing frequency in a leptin-dependent manner. We also show that, although leptin inhibits these neurons directly at the postsynaptic membrane, α-MSH and NPY potently stimulate and inhibit the cells, respectively. Thus, in contrast with the conventional model of leptin action, the primary control of MC4R PVN neurons is unlikely to be mediated by leptin action on arcuate NPY/agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin neurons. We also show that the activity of MC4R PVN neurons is controlled by the constitutive activity of the MC4R and that expression of the receptor mRNA and α-MSH sensitivity are both stimulated by leptin. Thus, leptin acts multinodally on arcuate nucleus/PVN circuits to regulate energy homeostasis, with prominent mechanisms involving direct control of both membrane conductances and gene expression in the MC4R PVN neuron.
Cataract surgery in the glaucoma patient (2015)

To summarize the role of cataract surgery in the glaucoma patient, in terms of the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for those with both conditions. Recent evidence suggests that cataract extraction may produce a significant and sustained IOP reduction in individuals with open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and angle-closure glaucoma. Cataract removal may improve the practitioner's ability to interpret perimetric testing, and re-establishing perimetric and optic nerve imaging baselines is recommended after cataract surgery. The sequence of cataract surgery relative to glaucoma surgery impacts the likelihood of complications and surgical success. There are multiple benefits to perform cataract surgery prior to glaucoma surgery while cataract surgery after trabeculectomy increases the risk of subsequent filtration failure. As "minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries" continue to improve in terms of efficacy, there is an evolving role for combined cataract and glaucoma surgery in patients with early to moderate stages of glaucoma.
<title>Interpolation methods using irregularly spaced coating performance data</title> (1999)

Interpolation routines based on polynomials, splines, linear triangulation, and distance weighting techniques are tested. Two data sets containing irregularly distributed point values with two independent variables (wavelength and angle of incidence) are used as input data. The accuracy of interpolated values at unvisited points and processing time are used as criteria to determine the merits of the various interpolation algorithms. Effectiveness of distance weighting methods was found to be largely dependent on the number of neighbors used. For both gradually and abruptly changing data, the most accurate models used squared inverse distance weighting. Linear triangulation was found to be the fastest method.
112 Gb/s PM-QPSK Transmission up to 6000 km with 200 km Amplifier Spacing and a Hybrid Fiber Span Configuration (2011)

We demonstrate transmission of 112 Gb/s PM-QPSK signals up to 6000 km with 200 km spans. A hybrid fiber span configuration is used that combines two ultra-low loss fibers, one having very large effective area.
Comparative Study of Digital Hydraulics and Digital Electronics (2010)

Digital fluid power has gained substantial attention in the last decade and recently has been the focus of several fluid power conferences. Recognizing that digital hydraulics is an enabling technology for many new high-efficiency and novel hydraulic systems, this paper demonstrates that digital fluid power cannot simply be treated as an extension of the well-accepted digital technology in the electronics domain due to some key differences between the hydraulic and electrical systems. Digital hydraulics incorporates similar ideas as those from digital electronics with a goal of reducing the energy losses caused by the throttling of the fluid in typical hydraulic systems. A good understanding of the differences between hydraulic and electronic systems is needed because fluid and electrical properties are different. The compressibility and inertia effects of hydraulics are compared to the capacitance and inductance of electrical systems. The different actuation efforts of hydraulics and electronics are shown. Also, some of the different ideas for achieving hydraulic transformers are discussed. By understanding and accounting for the differences and similarities during the design process, novel digital hydraulic systems can be more efficient and effective while minimizing noise and vibration due to switching techniques.
Descripción del ARN de transferencia mitocondrial para Serina (UCN) de Lutzomyia columbiana (Diptera, Psychodidae) (2008)

Lutzomyia columbiana es un flebotomíneo considerado como vector sospechoso de Leishmania mexicana y Leishmania braziliensis en Colombia. Este insecto pertenece al grupo verrucarum, que incluye algunos taxones isomórficos, lo que ha estimulado la búsqueda de marcadores moleculares que permitan, además de diferenciar las especies, estudiar sus relaciones de parentesco. En este artículo se describe por primera vez la estructura putativa del ARN de transferencia mitocondrial para serina que reconoce el codón UCN (ARNtSer) de Lu. columbiana. El ADN genómico fue extraído, amplificado y secuenciado a partir de seis especímenes colectados con cebo humano. La estructura secundaria del ARNtSer fue inferida con el programa tRNAscan-SE 1.21. El gen ARNts consistió de 67 pares de bases (pb), encontrándose un solo haplotipo en los seis individuos secuenciados. El ARNtSer de Lu. columbiana mostró 7 apareamientos intracatenarios en el brazo aceptor del aminoácido, 3 en el brazo dihidrouridina (DHU), 5 en el brazo del anticodón y 5 en el brazo ribotimidina-pseudouridina-citosina (TøC). El tamaño de las lupas correspondió a 5 nucleótidos en la DHU, 7 en la anticodón, 4 en la variable y 7 en la TøC. Lu. columbiana se distingue del resto de especies de Lutzomyia y Phlebotomus secuenciadas a la fecha por la presencia de una guanina en la posición nucleotídica 64, que produce un apareamiento no canónico tipo uracilo-guanina en el brazo aceptor. Se necesitan más estudios para confirmar la utilidad del ARNtSer como marcador molecular para la discriminación de especies de flebotomíneos.