gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Applications of Organophosphorus Compounds with a PSe Group (2023)

This chapter describes the synthesis and applications of four-coordinate pentavalent organophosphorus compounds with a PSe group, including: (i) the addition reaction of secondary phosphine selenides; (ii) Woollins’ reagent as a selenating agent and its derivatizations to the compounds containing phosphorus and selenium atoms; (iii) chiral phosphoroamidites as Lewis base catalysts; and (iv) PSe compounds with a binaphthyl group as a chiral transfer reagent.
Cardiovascular Health Improvements with Diet and Exercise Intervention (2019)

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Solid respirometry to characterise the biodegradation kinetics in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW): a better insight for modelling (2010)

We develop an original solid respirometric method to measure the biodegradation rates of COD and ammonium at different depths of a Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW). The method is developed for a matrix operated under unsaturated conditions. The oxygen demand is measured versus time in a gas passing through a reactor containing a mixture of an organic matrix mixed with a bulking agent (wood). For the measurement of the nitrification rate, a solution of ammonia and hydrogenocarbonates is spread on the sample. We ran 15 experiments on different matrices with variable organic matter contents (sludge, VFCW gravels and sand). Within this paper we present the overall methodology, the factors that allow improving the accuracy (number of duplicates, blank, sample volume, bulking agent volume, gas flow, etc.) and the nitrification rates that were obtained.
LXXI.—The action of light on chlorine dioxide (1925)

H. Booth and E. J. Bowen, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1925, 127, 510 DOI: 10.1039/CT9252700510
Application of an Array-structured Sensor and Modified Verification Algorithms to the Personal Authentication System using Tactile Information (2006)

In recent years, security problems have been concerned in the well-developed information society. Although personal authentication methods such as password-systems and key-systems are used widely, various problems are pointed out. Therefore, biometric authentication which uses the information of physical or behavioral characteristics is becoming important technology as a personal authentication. In the present study, a new biometric authentication system using finger-friction is proposed. This system utilizes tactile information of which recording and playing technologies have not been established, in contrast to visual and auditory information. Moreover, it is using both physical characteristics related to the 3-D shapes of fingerprints and behavioral characteristics related to the way of rubbing. In the present system, an array-structured sensor generates 12-channel frictional signals which are distinctive to an individual when a subject rubs it with a finger. In the present paper, 100 samples of frictional signals are used for verification which is based on dynamic programming. As a result, improvements of verification algorithm make it possible to reduce False Rejection Rate (FRR) and False Acceptance Rate (FAR) to 1% and 0.05% respectively.
Serum and Urine Calcitonin Levels in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and with Non-Thyroidal Cancer, and their Immunological Size Heterogeneity (1981)

Human calcitonin (hCT) levels were measured in serum and urine samples from normal subjects and patients with medullary thyroid calcinoma (MCT) and non-thyroidal cancer (NTC). The immunological size-heterogeneity of calcitonin was examined in some of these samples.The hCT level in serum was measured directly by RIA and that in urine was measured after purification; that is, 2 ml of urine sample were boiled for 2 min, mixed with blue dextran and passed through a Bio Gel P-2 0.8 × 20 cm column, and the blue void volume was used for measurement of hCT.The hCT levels in the serum of 66 normal subjects ranged from less than 25 to 140 pg/ml, and those in the urine of 56 normal subjects ranged from 66 to 270 pg/mg creatinine (Cr). The hCT levels in the serum of 24 patients with MTC ranged from 0.24 to 215 ng/ml, and those in the urine of 11 of the 24 ranged from 1.7 to 520 ng/mgCr. In the 11 patients with MTC, the hCT levels in the urine (in ng/mgCr) were 3.4 to 20.8 times higher than those in the serum (in ng/ml), and these two levels were positively correlated with each other (r=0.93, p<0.001). The hCT levels in the serum of 277 patients with NTC ranged from less than 25 to 2013 pg/ml, and those of 44 patients (16%) with various kinds of non-thyroidal cancer were abnormally high (>150 pg/ml). The urine hCT levels of 82 of the 277 patients ranged from 60 to 83,000 pg/mgCr, and the levels of 16 patients (20%) were abnormally high (>300 pg/mgCr). In one patient with lung cancer, the serum and urine hCT levels were both abnormally high (1.8 ng/ml and 80 ng/mgCr, respectively), and an oat cell carcinoma of the lung was found at autopsy.On gel filtration on a Bio Gel P-30 1.5 × 80 cm column, four distinct forms of immunoreactive calcitonin were observed in serum samples from three patients with MTC; one was eluted in the same position as synthetic hCT and the other three in positions corresponding to higher molecular weights. The main form in urine samples from these three patients was eluted in a position corresponding to one form with higher molecular weight in the serum, not in the position of synthetic hCT. The serum sample from the patient with oat cell carcinoma of the lung contained three bigger forms of immunoreactive calcitonin, and no form eluted with synthetic hCT. A urine sample from this patient also contained one main form which was eluted as a bigger form similar to that of MTC patients.It was concluded that the measurement of urine hCT levels is useful not only for detecting cases of MTC but also of ectopic calcitonin secreting tumors, and that the urine of these patients contains a specific form that is bigger than synthetic hCT.
A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transform-domain processing (2002)

A method of estimating the channel transfer function is presented for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communication systems working under time-variant radio channel conditions. The proposed method employs lowpass filtering in a transform domain so that intercarrier interference and additive white Gaussian noise components in the received pilot signals are significantly reduced. The cutoff frequency of the transform-domain filter is dynamically selected by tracking the received pilot signals. The channel transfer function for all the subcarriers is obtained by a high-resolution interpolation realized by zero-padding and DFT/IDFT. The proposed method is applicable for all linear modulation OFDM systems. It is demonstrated with a 16QAM-OFDM system which includes both amplitude and phase modulations.
Solid-State Polymerization (2016)

This document presents recommended definitions of basic terms related to polymerization processes. Recent developments relating to the kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of polymerization have necessitated the introduction of new terms and some revision or augmentation of terms previously defined in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the “Gold Book”) or the IUPAC “Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science”.
Abstract 4145: Genetic polymorphisms of genes on the retinoic acid pathway and risk of head and neck cancer (2014)

Abstract Background: Although most cases of head and neck cancer (HNC) can be attributed to three established risk factors, including alcohol, betel quid, and cigarette, the underlying genetic variations among individuals may be important in modulating the risk of HNC. Previous studies showed that the metabolism or function of retinoic acid may be modified by the use of alcohol, betel quid, or cigarette, resulting in the dysregulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The current analysis examined the association between HNC risk and genetic polymorphisms of genes on the retinoic acid pathway. Methods: 408 incident cases of HNC and 473 sex- and age- frequency matched controls were recruited from the department of otolaryngology and department of stomatology. Information on the use of alcohol, betel quid, and cigarette was collected by in-person interviews. In the discovery phase, 223 cases and 220 controls were genotyped for 368 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 37 retinoic acid genes. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the log-additive odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HNC risk associated with each SNP. Those that had a P &amp;lt; 0.05 were further genotyped for 185 cases and 253 controls in stage 2. Additional analyses were performed stratified by alcohol, betel quid, and cigarette to evaluate gene-environment interaction. Results: In the stage 1, 25 SNPs were associated with the risk of HNC with a P &amp;lt; 0.05. With additional genotyping performed for these 25 SNPs in stage 2, only one SNP of RARB showed a decreasing P value with additional samples (stage 1 OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02-2.00, P = 0.04; stage 2 OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.94-1.89, P = 0.1; combined OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06-1.69, P = 0.01). In addition, the association between this RARB SNP and HNC risk appeared to be modified by alcohol drinking status. A positive association between the minor allele of the RARB SNP and HNC was observed among never drinkers (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.30-2.95) but not among ever drinkers (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.81-1.47) (P for interaction = 0.01). Conclusion: The risk of HNC was associated with a SNP of RARB and this association appeared to depend on alcohol drinking status. Further investigations are needed to determine the causal SNP and its functional significance. Citation Format: Jeffrey S. Chang, Jenn-Ren Hsiao, Jang-Yang Chang, Tung-Yiu Wong, Sen-Tien Tsai, Chun-Yen Ou, Hung-I Lo, Sheen-Yie Fang, Cheng-Chih Huang, Wei-Ting Lee, Jiunn-Liang Wu, Ken-Chung Chen, Jehn-Shyun Huang, Yi-Hui Wang, Ya-Ling Weng, Han-Chien Yang. Genetic polymorphisms of genes on the retinoic acid pathway and risk of head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4145
Second-Order Converse for Rate-Limited Common Randomness Generation (2022)

We employ a recent technique based on a semigroup application of the method of types to improve on a second-order converse for the common randomness (CR) generation problem. The previously known bound lead to a correct second-order asymptotic rate, but incorrect sign on the second-order term for error rates below 1/2. The new bound has both the correct scaling and sign of the second-order term for small enough error rates.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy total body irradiation in pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients undergoing stem cell transplantation: Early outcomes and toxicities (2022)

VMAT-TBI offers increased ability to spare organs at risk in pediatric and AYA patients undergoing HSCT, with a favorable acute/subacute toxicity profile and excellent disease control.
Hormone (ACTH, T3) content of immunophenotyped lymphocyte subpopulations (2016)

Cells of the immune system synthesize, store, and secrete polypeptide and amino acid type hormones, which also influence their functions, having receptors for different hormones. In the present experiment immunophenotyped immune cells isolated from bone marrow, thymus, and peritoneal fluid of mice were used for demonstrating the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormone production of differentiating immune cells. Both hormones were found in each cell type, and in each maturation state, which means that all cells are participating in the hormonal function of the immune system. The lineage-independent presence of ACTH and T3 in differentiating hematopoietic cells denotes that their expression ubiquitous during lymphocyte development. Higher ACTH and T3 content of B cells shows that these cells are the most hormonally active and suggests that the hormones may have an autocrine regulatory role in B cell development. Developing T cells showed heterogeneous hormone production which was associated with their maturation state. Differences in the hormone contents of immune cells isolated from different organs indicate that their hormone production is defined by their differentiation or maturation state, however, possibly also by the local microenvironment.
Una tarea para promover la interacción entre aprender a enseñar ciencias y el Prácticum de Grado (2019)

espanolDesde la asignatura de Didactica de las Ciencias Experimentales, se encargo una tarea a los estudiantes para realizar durante el Practicum, con la intencion de promover la interaccion entre ambas asignaturas. En esa tarea, debian poner en practica unas actividades para favorecer la expresion y discusion de ideas como practica cientifica entre los ninos y ninas, y despues analizar los resultados. La experiencia de dos cursos nos llevo a introducir cambios en la tarea, dando lugar a una segunda version. EnglishIn the course Science Education I of the Primary Teacher Degree, students were asked for performing a task during the Practicum, with the intention of promoting the interaction between both subjects. In this task, they had to implement some activities to promote the expression and discussion of ideas as a scientific practice among children, and then analyse the results. The experience of two courses led us to introduce some changes in the task, giving rise to a second version of this one.
ISFET-type glucose sensor using thermophilic glucokinase from a thermophile. (1987)

好熱菌由来の耐熱性酵素グルコキナーゼとイオン感応性電界効果トランジスター(lon Sensitive Field Effect Transistor:ISFET)とを組み合わせたグルコースセンサーを試作した。本センサーにおいて,グルコースに対する応答を測定した結果,グルコース濃度5～50mg/dlの範囲でグルコースの定量が可能であることがわかった。応答時間は,このとき4～9分であった。また,各種の糖に対する応答を調べた結果,グルコースのみに応答が得られた。グルコキナーゼはヘキソキナーゼの中でもグルコースへの特異性が高い酵素であるため,グルコキナーゼを用いることにより,グルコースに対して高い選択性をもつセンサーを構築することができた。本センサーの同時再現性においては,変動係数6.5%で再現性が得られた。保存安定性では15日までは安定した応答が得られたが,20日目から初期出力の約50%に低下することがわかった。また,グルコキナーゼはグルコースとATPを基質としているため,グルコースのみならずATPの検出定量が可能となる。そこで,ATPに対する応答においても測定した結果,ATP濃度50～500mg/dlの範囲でATPの定量が可能であることが明らかになり,ATPセンサーとしても応用することができることがわかった。
Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma in Patients at High Risk for Liver Cancer (1987)

Cavernous hemangioma of the liver occurring in patients at high risk for liver cancer has been reviewed. Twenty-four patients with hemangioma were encountered during the past 4 years. Five lesions over 3 cm in diameter were correctly diagnosed with enhanced CT alone. Definite CT findings were however obtained in only 6 out of 19 lesions smaller than 3 cm in diameter. Ultrasonography was the most sensitive method for picking up small liver tumors even when compared with angiography, but the findings were non-specific (an echogenic mass was noted in 14 of the 19 lesions). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had almost the same sensitivity as ultrasound in detecting small hemangiomas, and a prolonged T2 was highly suggestive of the diagnosis (T2 over 80 ms in 8 of 11 lesions). The results suggest that combined use of non-invasive diagnostic modalities has sufficient reliability to make a diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma even in small hepatic lesions, in patients at high risk for liver cancer.
A Novel Approach for High-Level Power Modeling of Sequential Circuits Using Recurrent Neural Networks (2005)

In this work, we propose a novel power model for CMOS sequential circuits by using recurrent neural networks (RNN) to learn the relationship between input/output signal statistics and the corresponding power dissipation. The complexity of our neural power model has almost no relationship with circuit size and the numbers of inputs, outputs and flip-flops such that this power model can be kept very small even for complex circuits. Using such a simple structure, the neural power models can still have high accuracy because they can automatically consider the nonlinear characteristic of power distributions and the temporal correlation of the input sequences. The experimental results have shown that the estimations are still accurate with smaller variation even for short sequences. It implies that our power model can be used in various applications.
Conjugate Markov Decision Processes (2011)

Many open problems involve the search for a mapping that is used by an algorithm solving an MDP. Useful mappings are often from the state set to some other set. Examples include representation discovery (a mapping to a feature space) and skill discovery (a mapping to skill termination probabilities). Different mappings result in algorithms achieving varying expected returns. In this paper we present a novel approach to the search for any mapping used by any algorithm attempting to solve an MDP, for that which results in maximum expected return. 1.
Design, synthesis, and applications of bio-derived crosslinking monomers for molecular imprinting (2003)

Most of the research in the field of molecular imprinting has been focused on the development of new functional monomers, in order to improve the molecular recognition properties afforded by these materials. The role of the crosslinking monomer has often been overlooked, since it is considered an inert component that only provides a scaffold to support the binding sites. However, the crosslinking monomer represents a high percent (80-90%) of the composition of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which can have a large influence on the MIPs properties. This research addresses the design, synthesis, and applications of new crosslinking monomers for molecular imprinting. Crosslinking monomers containing different polymerizable groups (methacrylate/methacrylamide, methacrylamide/vinylketone, and methacrylate/vinyl ketone) were synthesized and used to prepare MIPs. Key steps in the synthesis of these monomers involved the use enzymatic methodologies to selectively deprotect methyl esters. To avoid an undesirable intramolecular Michael addition, N-methyl-N-methoxy amides derivatives were used as electrophiles to introduce the vinylketone functionality via nucleophilic addition of a Grignard reagent. Enhancement in molecular recognition properties exhibited by MIPs prepared with crosslinking monomers incorporating the amide functionality was attributed to cooperative interactions within the crosslinking with the template molecule, as well as an improved morphology that arises from the reactivity differential of the polymerizable groups. Incorporation of the binding functionality in a crosslinking format allowed to maximize the degree of crosslinking without imposing restrictions on functional group concentrations. An important breakthrough for the simplification of the molecular imprinting process was achieved by the use of a one single monomer, which incorporates an amide functionality for binding the template molecule and the polymerizable groups to form the polymeric network. The advantage of using this single monomer is that there is not need to optimize the functional/crosslinking monomer ratio. The strategy of using functionalized crosslinking monomers derived from natural amino acids, to provide the functional groups for catalytic activity was investigated using a combinatorial approach for fast screening. Finally, modification of biological matrices using bioimprinting methodologies was explored by imprinting a Class I aldolase antibody with an aldol reaction product in order to improve its catalytic activity in organic solvents.
Inhibition of murine T-cell responses by anti-oxidants: the targets of lipo-oxygenase pathway inhibitors. (1989)

We have previously established that oxidative phenomena are involved in human T-cell activation (Sekkat, Dornand & Gerber, 1988). In the present work we have studied the effect of different anti-oxidants (scavengers of O2-, .OH and lipo-oxygenase inhibitors) on the stimulation of murine T cells. We report here that all the anti-oxidants used suppressed T-lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 synthesis, the former effect resulting very likely from the latter. This inhibition was concomitant with the triggering of activation. We also demonstrate that the various anti-oxidants have different biochemical targets. Unlike the other compounds, the phenolic drugs nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which block lipid peroxidation, affect both signals triggered by the binding of lectin to its receptors: they suppress the rise of intracellular free calcium concentration and inhibit some of the events, depending on the sole protein kinase C activation, namely IL-2 receptor expression and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced pH change. Our results are discussed within the framework of a possible involvement of reactive oxygen species and of arachidonic acid derivative(s) in T-cell activation and IL-2 production.
Multiplexed chemogenetics in astrocytes and motoneurons restore blood–spinal cord barrier in ALS (2020)

Blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is thought to contribute to motoneuron (MN) loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is currently unclear whether impairment of the BSCB is the cause or consequence of MN dysfunction and whether its restoration may be directly beneficial. We revealed that SOD1 G93A , FUS Δ NLS , TDP43 G298S , and Tbk1 +/− ALS mouse models commonly shared alterations in the BSCB, unrelated to motoneuron loss. We exploit PSAM/PSEM chemogenetics in SOD1 G93A mice to demonstrate that the BSCB is rescued by increased MN firing, whereas inactivation worsens it. Moreover, we use DREADD chemogenetics, alone or in multiplexed form, to show that activation of Gi signaling in astrocytes restores BSCB integrity, independently of MN firing, with no effect on MN disease markers and dissociating them from BSCB disruption. We show that astrocytic levels of the BSCB stabilizers Wnt7a and Wnt5a are decreased in SOD1 G93A mice and strongly enhanced by Gi signaling, although further decreased by MN inactivation. Thus, we demonstrate that BSCB impairment follows MN dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis but can be reversed by Gi-induced expression of astrocytic Wnt5a/7a.
Threonine phosphorylation regulates the molecular assembly and signaling of EGFR in cooperation with membrane lipids (2022)

The cytoplasmic domain of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) plays roles as a kinase and a protein scaffold; however, the allocation of these two functions is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the assembly of the transmembrane (TM)-juxtamembrane (JM) region of EGFR, one of the best studied members of RTKs, by combining single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging and a nanodisc technique. The JM domain of EGFR contains a threonine residue (T654) that is phosphorylated after ligand association. We observed that the TM-JM peptides of EGFR form anionic lipid-induced dimers and cholesterol-induced oligomers. The two forms involve distinct molecular interactions, with a bias toward oligomer formation upon threonine phosphorylation. We further analyzed the functions and oligomerization of whole EGFR molecules, with or without a substitution of T654 to alanine, in living cells. The results suggested an autoregulatory mechanism in which T654 phosphorylation causes a switch of the major function of EGFR from kinase-activating dimers to scaffolding oligomers.