gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technological Options for Biological Fuel Ethanol (2008)

The current paradigm to produce biotechnological ethanol is to use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment sugars derived from starch or sugar crops such as maize, sugar cane or sugar beet. Despite its current success, the global impact of this manufacturing model is restricted on the one hand by limits on the availability of these primary raw materials, and on the other hand by the maturity of baker's yeast fermentation technologies. Revisiting the technical, economic, and value chain aspects of the biotechnological ethanol industry points to the need for radical innovation to complement the current manufacturing model. Implementation of lignocellulosic materials is clearly a key enabler to the billion-ton biofuel vision. However, realization of the full market potential of biofuels will be facilitated by the availability of an array of innovative technological options, as the flexibility generated by these alternative processes will not only enable the exploitation of heretofore untapped local market opportunities, but also it will confer to large biorefinery structures numerous opportunities for increased process integration as well as optimum reactivity to logistic and manufacturing challenges. In turn, all these factors will interplay in synergy to contribute in shifting the economic balance in favor of the global implementation of biotechnological ethanol.
Applications of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Penile Cancer (2013)

Purpose: To review the role of radiation therapy in the locoregional management of squamous carcinoma of the penis and to describe the specialized techniques required for successful treatment delivery. Materials and methods: The English language literature on radiotherapy of carcinoma of the penis has been reviewed. Results: Nine series report results of brachytherapy and ten report results for external beam radiotherapy. Due to the relative rarity of this tumor, series typically span several decades during which time, staging systems have changed and treatment techniques and fractionation schemes have evolved. Although the efficacy of radiation treatment in the management of squamous carcinoma of the penis is well established, the lack of uniformity in reported case series and the absence of clinical trials make the development of guidelines and recommendations problematic. Conclusions: Radiotherapy has been used effectively for squamous carcinoma of the penis for over 5 decades. The main impediment to its systematic acceptance as the modality of choice is the rarity of the tumor which slows the development of expertise and hinders teaching of the technical aspects of treatment.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: Basic principles (1984)

been added and new contributors have been included. The new chapters deal with childhood depression, vandalism, out-of-control adolescents, hyperactivity, contraception, girls' sports, alcohol and drug abuse, sexually transmitted disease, runaways, and learning problems, to name a few. The book is divided into five sections: Pediatric Clinician, Health Promotion, Episodic Disorders, Biopsychosocial-Development Disorders, and The Management of Children With Chronic Disease. Leading authorities in many different aspects of academic pediatrics present short, concise dissertations in these various fields. Already established as one of the standard texts in pediatrics on the basis of the previous editions, Ambulatory Pediatrics III has my enthusiastic recommendation as an invaluable asset to any training program in which the care of children is involved. My only criticism of this text is that certain topics in the psychosocial field could have been updated somewhat and more contemporary attitudes could have been included in addition to the traditional thoughts. Nevertheless, even though previously unacceptable behavior can become acceptable, for the most part socially accepted behavior does not change considerably. This book is a handy, thorough, and generally up-todate text that is well organized and useful. This text is a must for every pediatric departmental library and outpatient department of family practice or pediatrics; it wi l l also be a useful desk reference for pediatric practitioners in all of North America.
Self-seeding of semiconductor lasers for next-generation WDM Passive Optical Networks (2013)

Self-seeding of Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (R-SOAs) and Fabry-Peròt lasers have been identified among the most promising candidates sources for WDM-PONs: indeed, self-seeding provides for self-tuneability and very low-cost. However, self-seeding is intrinsically a polarization dependent process so that its application in real WDM-PONs is not trivial. In this paper we review novel approaches to solve the polarization issues when using R-SOAs or uncooled FP lasers. 1.25 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s operations are experimentally demonstrated across the whole C-band, showing that this technique is mature for applications in next-generation WDM-PONs.
Protein identification from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae by combined use of mass spectrometry data and raw genome sequences. (2003)

Separation of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with identification of proteins through peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is the widely used technique for proteomic analysis. This approach relies, however, on the presence of the proteins studied in public-accessible protein databases or the availability of annotated genome sequences of an organism. In this work, we investigated the reliability of using raw genome sequences for identifying proteins by PMF without the need of additional information such as amino acid sequences. The method is demonstrated for proteomic analysis of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> grown anaerobically on glycerol. For 197 spots excised from 2-DE gels and submitted for mass spectrometric analysis 164 spots were clearly identified as 122 individual proteins. 95% of the 164 spots can be successfully identified merely by using peptide mass fingerprints and a strain-specific protein database (ProtKpn) constructed from the raw genome sequences of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Cross-species protein searching in the public databases mainly resulted in the identification of 57% of the 66 high expressed protein spots in comparison to 97% by using the ProtKpn database. 10 <i>dha</i> regulon related proteins that are essential for the initial enzymatic steps of anaerobic glycerol metabolism were successfully identified using the ProtKpn database, whereas none of them could be identified by cross-species searching. In conclusion, the use of strain-specific protein database constructed from raw genome sequences makes it possible to reliably identify most of the proteins from 2-DE analysis simply through peptide mass fingerprinting.
Motion‐insensitive, steady‐state free precession imaging (1990)

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequences employing gradient reversal echoes and short repetition time (TR) between successive rf excitation pulses offer high signal-to-noise ratio per unit time. However, SSFP sequences are very sensitive to motion. A new SSFP method is presented which avoids the image artifacts and loss of signal intensity due to motion. The pulse sequence is designed so that the time integral of each of the three gradients is zero over each TR time interval. The signal then consists of numerous echoes which are superimposed. These echoes are isolated by combining the data from N different scans. In each scan a specific phase shift is added during every TR interval. Each of these N isolated echoes produces a motion-insensitive, artifact-free image. Because all the echoes are sampled simultaneously, the signal-to-noise ratio per unit time in this SSFP method is higher than in existing SSFP techniques which sample only one echo at a time. The new method was implemented and used to produce both two- and three-dimensional images of the head and cervical spin of a human patient. In these images the high signal intensity of cerebrospinal fluid is preserved regardless of its motion. Further work is required to evaluate the imaging parameters (TR, TE, rf tip angle) so as to give optimal tissue contrast for the various echoes.
Carboxylase dependant de la vitamine k : etude du mecanisme d'action du cofacteur et exploration du site actif par photomarquage (1995)

Nous avons etudie deux aspects de la carboxylation catalysee par la vitamine k. Le role du cofacteur a ete aborde par l'etude de l'incorporation et la localisation d'oxygene (#1#8o#2) au niveau de l'epoxyde de la vitamine k produit, a l'aide d'echantillons enrichis specifiquement. Apres optimisation des conditions experimentales (incorporation #1#8o#2 et extraction des produits), nous avons mis au point les conditions de sm/sm qui doivent permettre de mener l'analyse a son terme. En parllele, nous avons entame l'etude du site actif par marquage irreversible. La premiere tentative, basee sur la preparation d'analogues fluores de la vitamine k n'a pas permis de conclure. L'une des molecules cibles n'est pas un inhibiteur irreversible de l'enzyme, alors que la synthese de son isomere s'est heurtee a des problemes de stabilite d'un synthon intermediaire de la synthese (aldehyde alpha fluore). C'est finalement a l'aide de photomarquage que nous avons obtenu un marquage efficace du site actif: nous avons realise la synthese enantioselective d'un acide amine photoactivable (p-benzoyl ophenylalanine) et l'avons incorpore dans plusieurs sequences peptidiques analogues des substrats de la carboxylase. L'un de ces peptides photoactivables permet d'obtenir 90% de marquage de la proteine. Nous avons quantifie ce marquage a 60% au niveau du domaine n terminal (1 a 349) et 40% au niveau de la partie c terminale de la carboxylase. L'etude menee sur le domaine c terminal nous a permis de mettre en evidence une zone de 40 acides amines impliquee dans ce marquage, correspondant aux residus 423 a 462
Angle-Dependence of the Levitation Force From a Frustum-Shaped Magnet and Recessed Superconducting Bulk (2021)

The widespread application of superconducting magnetic levitation bearings is limited by their relatively low stiffness. Recently we investigated a novel thrust bearing geometry comprised of a conical frustum (or truncated cone) shaped permanent magnet levitating inside a matching tapered hole machined into a high-temperature superconductor bulk. This configuration was found to produce superior restoring forces and stiffness compared to the conventional cylindrical magnet and superconductor arrangement. Here, using H-formulation finite-element simulations, we evaluate the angle-dependence of the frustum on the levitation force. We find that the optimal angle is not universal, but depends on the mode of displacement as well as the frustum dimensions. Correlations with the incident magnetic flux are identified for estimating the angle best suited to the operating regime of the bearing.
Human identification by gait from event-based camera (2019)

Gait recognition is a computer vision problem complementing other identification problems such as face or iris recognition. Unlike other identifiers, gait is based on the motion of body points and thus it can be captured by Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS). In this work, we explore the possibility of gait recognition in the event stream by visualizing it and applying the existing method which achieves state-of-the-art results on several benchmarks. During the investigations several related problems such as moving object detection and human pose estimation are considered as auxiliary ones. Several algorithm settings are evaluated and compared. The obtained results show that all the problems can be solved in event-based data with high quality, which is close to the quality achieved on conventional colored videos.
Patient Identification Error Among Prostate Needle Core Biopsy Specimens—Are We Ready for a DNA Time-Out? (2007)

Patient identification errors among prostate needle biopsies may be difficult to entirely prevent through the optimization of work flow processes. A DNA time-out, whereby DNA polymorphic microsatellite analysis is used to confirm patient identification before radiation therapy or radical surgery, may eliminate patient identification errors among needle biopsies.
T ¨ urkce Haber Programlarõnõn Yazõlandõrõlmasõ icin ú Isitsel B¨ ol ¨ utleme Audio Diarization for Turkish Broadcast News Transcription (2011)

In this study, speaker independent acoustic models are adapted for each detected speaker using the output of an audio diariza- tion system. It is observed in the experiments that the word er- ror rate for speech recognition is significantly reduced when speaker adaptation is performed. Also, a new speech source separation algorithm is proposed in order to detect overlap- ping speech segments. It is shown experimentally that the pro- posed algorithm yields lower diarization error rates than the case when no speech source separation is applied.
A NEW DOUBLY SALIENT PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR FOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES (1994)

ABSTRACT A new type of doubly salient motor is presented in this paper in which the field excitation is provided by permanent magnets. This doubly salient Permanent Magnet (DSPM) motor is shown to be kindred to square waveform permanet magnet brushless dc (PM-BLDC) motors in principle. However, they are different from the latter in that they are capable of a considerable constant power range when properly designed. Finite Element Analysis and Transient Simulation studies are utilized to investigate the characteristics of this new type of PM motor. A prototype DSPM motor is designed and comparison is made between this new type of motor and other types of motor on the basis of performance of the entire drive. By fully exploiting the merits of modern high energy PM material and the doubly salient structure, the DSPM motor can offer higher performance expectation over many existing motors in terms of efficiency, torque density, torque-to-current ratio, torque-to-inertia ratio etc. with a relatively simple structure which is amenable to automatic manufacture.
Author Correction: Tyrosine dephosphorylated cortactin downregulates contractility at the epithelial zonula adherens through SRGAP1 (2017)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this article.
Development of asparaginaseErwinia chrysanthemifor the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2014)

Since it was identified in 1963 as the antileukemic agent in guinea pig serum, L-asparaginase (ASNase) has become an integral component of chemotherapy protocols to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi provide the sources of ASNase used clinically today. From the time ASNase was first introduced into treatment protocols, the 5-year survival rate has increased significantly, particularly in children and adolescents. E. coli-derived ASNase was approved in 1978 to be used as part of a multiagent chemotherapy to treat ALL. However, the development of hypersensitivity in 10-30% of patients often leads to treatment discontinuation. E. chrysanthemi-derived ASNase (referred to herein as ASNase Erwinia chrysanthemi) is immunologically distinct from E. coli ASNase and therefore does not cross-react with the E. coli enzyme. In 2011, ASNase Erwinia chrysanthemi was approved in the United States for patients who develop hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived ASNase. When indicated, a switch from ASNase E. coli to ASNase E. chrysanthemi allows patients to continue to receive treatment and maintain therapeutic levels of ASNase activity. Therapeutic drug monitoring may help ensure that therapeutic enzyme levels are maintained. Pegylated recombinant ASNase Erwinia chrysanthemi is currently being developed to improve pharmacokinetic properties and reduce immunogenicity.
Enhancing and optimizing the render cache (2002)

Interactive rendering often requires the use of simplified shading algorithms with reduced illumination fidelity. Higher quality rendering algorithms are usually too slow for interactive use. The render cache is a technique to bridge this performance gap and allow ray-based renderers to be used in interactive contexts by providing automatic sample interpolation, frame-to-frame sample reuse, and prioritized sampling.In this paper we present several extensions to the original render cache including predictive sampling, reorganized computation for better memory coherence, an additional interpolation filter to handle sparser data, and SIMD acceleration. These optimizations allow the render cache to scale to larger resolutions, reduce its visual artifacts, and provide better handling of low sample rates. We also provide a downloadable binary to allow researchers to evaluate and use the render cache.
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS AND POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF NITROGEN ON VARIOUS ACTIVATED CARBONS (2005)

The adsorption isotherms of four activated carbons (Norit RB1, Chemviron BPL, Monolit, and Ambersorb-572) have been examined by nitrogen adsorption at 77.5 K. A method for adsorption potential distribution calculation has been proposed based on the adsorption isotherms. This distribution provides information about possible changes in the Gibbs free energy caused by the energetic and geometrical heterogeneities of an activated carbon as well as by the adsorbate-related entropic effects. The general character of the adsorption potential distribution is clearly visible by its simple relation to the micropore and mesopore distribution.
Changes in Liver Lipidomic Profile in G2019S-LRRK2 Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2023)

The identification of Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers has become a main goal for the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disorder. PD has not only been intrinsically related to neurological problems, but also to a series of alterations in peripheral metabolism. The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic changes in the liver in mouse models of PD with the scope of finding new peripheral biomarkers for PD diagnosis. To achieve this goal, we used mass spectrometry technology to determine the complete metabolomic profile of liver and striatal tissue samples from WT mice, 6-hydroxydopamine-treated mice (idiopathic model) and mice affected by the G2019S-<i>LRRK2</i> mutation in <i>LRRK2/PARK8</i> gene (genetic model). This analysis revealed that the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides and nucleosides was similarly altered in the liver from the two PD mouse models. However, long-chain fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine and other related lipid metabolites were only altered in hepatocytes from G2019S-<i>LRRK2</i> mice. In summary, these results reveal specific differences, mainly in lipid metabolism, between idiopathic and genetic PD models in peripheral tissues and open up new possibilities to better understand the etiology of this neurological disorder.
Bonding strength of bonelike apatite layer to Ti metal substrate (1997)

Our previous study showed that titanium metal forms a bonelike apatite layer on its surface in simulated body fluid when it was subjected to NaOH and heat treatments to form a sodium titanate hydrogel or amorphous sodium titanate surface layer. In the present study, bonding strength of the apatite layer formed on the titanium metals to the substrates were examined under tensile stress, in comparison with those of the apatite layers formed on Bioglass 45S5-type glass, dense sintered hydroxyapatite, and glass-ceramic A-W, which are already clinically used. The NaOH-treated titanium metals showed higher bonding strength of the apatite layer to the substrates, which was maximized by heat treatments at 500 and 600 degrees C, than all the examined bioactive ceramics. It is believed that bioactive metals thus obtained are useful as bone substitutes, even under load-bearing conditions.
High-Performance Dual-Action Polymer−TiO2 Nanocomposite Films via Melting Processing (2007)

The incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into (ethylene-vinyl alcohol)-based food packaging copolymers affords an opportunity to synthesize polymer-based nanocomposite materials with novel and powerful biocidal and photodegradability properties, resulting in the production of an advanced, environmentally friendly system prepared using a cost-effective synthesis method via a simple melt compounding without the need of a coupling agent incorporation. The presented materials display an unprecedented performance in the killing of both Gram positive and negative bacteria without the necessity of being release to the media and an easy degradation under sunlight which favorably competes with biodegradation procedures.
Geometric interpretation of the characteristic polarizations (2004)

The scattering mechanism can be analyzed from the geometrical point of view using the polar decomposition which decomposes the normalized scattering matrix in a unitary matrix and in a Hermitian (positive definite) one. Each of them can be built using parameters (polar parameters) such as vectors, angles and scalars which have geometrical meaning in the Stokes space. In this work it is shown the relation between them and some of the characteristic polarizations of a normalized, symmetric scattering matrix: the copolar null and the copolar maxima. Moreover, the inverse relations are found: the parameters which characterize the unitary and the Hemitian matrices can be expressed as function of the copolar nulls only. Using these relations, the problem to find the polarizations such that the received voltage is maximized (or minimized) for a given S, is reduced to apply the polar decomposition and compute the polar parameters. Furthermore, the scattering matrix is parameterized by the characteristic polarization states. Since it exists a direct connection between a unitary matrix and a rotation and between a Hermitian matrix and a boost, the Mueller (or Kennaugh) matrix can be built using the same parameters. This is the first step towards the study of the characteristic polarization states in the more general case of received partially polarized waves, the stochastic case.
Solid-Phase Total Synthesis of Kahalalide A and Related Analogues (2005)

The marine natural product kahalalide A, a cyclic depsipeptide, was prepared by total synthesis on solid-phase. A backbone cyclization strategy was followed, using the Kenner sulfonamide safety-catch linker. By NMR comparison of synthetic and naturally isolated material, the stereochemistry of the methylbutyrate side chain was established as (S). Several analogues were synthesized and tested for antimycobacterial activity. The results indicate that the alcohol functional group in the serine and threonine residues is important, while the methylbutyrate side chain can be replaced by an achiral hexanoate with an increase in activity.
Application of Hopfield Network to Human-Guided Contour Extraction. (1990)

To develop a contour extraction tool for image simulations, the applicability of the Hopfield network is examined on the edge image around the roughly specified guide points. Our computational theory is that the edge map of the stretched belt-like images along the guide points should obey the following four constraints. (1) In thc longitudinal dircction, tl~c contour should consist of only one pixel. (2) Contour points are usually locatcd close to those in the neighboring columns. (3) Contour points arc usually located on the detected edge pixels in thc edge map. (4) Contour points are usually located near the horizontal center of the edge map. Furthermore, to obtain a size independent energy function, we developed a scaling relationship. Using the energy function developed according to these observations, the experimental results are shown in which contour extraction is succesful for the most part.