gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Characterization of Tissue Microstructure in Concentrated Cell Pellet Biophantoms Based on the Structure Factor Model (2016)

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods based on the backscatter coefficient (BSC) are typically model-based. The BSC is estimated from experiments and is fit to a model. The fit parameters are often termed QUS estimates and are used to characterize the scattering properties of the tissue under investigation. Nevertheless, for physical interpretation of QUS estimates to be accurate, the scattering model chosen must also be accurate. The goal of this work was to investigate the use of the structure factor model (SFM) to take into account coherent scattering from high volume fractions of scatterers. The study focuses on comparing the performance of two sparse models (fluid-filled sphere and Gaussian) and one concentrated model (SFM) to estimate QUS parameters from simulations and cell pellet biophantoms with a range of scatterer volume fractions. Results demonstrated the superiority of the SFM for all investigated volume fractions (i.e., from 0.006 to 0.30). In particular, the sparse models underestimated scatterer size and overestimated acoustic concentration when the volume fraction was greater than 0.12. In addition, the SFM has the ability to provide the volume fraction and the relative impedance contrast (instead of only the acoustic concentration provided by the sparse models), which could have a great benefit for tissue characterization. This study demonstrates that the SFM could prove to be an invaluable tool for QUS and could help to more accurately characterize tissue from ultrasound measurements.
An Overview on Assessing Agreement with Continuous Measurements (2007)

Reliable and accurate measurements serve as the basis for evaluation in many scientific disciplines. Issues related to reliable and accurate measurement have evolved over many decades, dating back to the nineteenth century and the pioneering work of Galton (1886), Pearson (1896, 1899, 1901), and Fisher (1925). Requiring a new measurement to be identical to the truth is often impractical, either because (1) we are willing to accept a measurement up to some tolerable (or acceptable) error, or (2) the truth is simply not available to us, either because it is not measurable or is only measurable with some degree of error. To deal with issues related to both (1) and (2), a number of concepts, methods, and theories have been developed in various disciplines. Some of these concepts have been used across disciplines, while others have been limited to a particular field but may have potential uses in other disciplines. In this paper, we elucidate and contrast fundamental concepts employed in different disciplines and unite these concepts into one common theme: assessing closeness (agreement) of observations. We focus on assessing agreement with continuous measurements and classify different statistical approaches as (1) descriptive tools; (2) unscaled summary indices based on absolute differences of measurements; and (3) scaled summary indices attaining values between -1 and 1 for various data structures, and for cases with and without a reference. We also identify gaps that require further research and discuss future directions in assessing agreement.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Vertebral Trabecular Bone Volume Fraction and Microarchitecture in Mice (2004)

Despite having a slightly larger trabecular bone compartment, C3H progenitors had dramatically lower vertebral trabecular BV/TV (-53%) and Tb.N (-40%) and higher Tb.Sp (71%) compared with B6 progenitors (p < 0.001 for all). Genome-wide quantitative trait analysis revealed a pattern of genetic regulation derived from 13 autosomes, with 5-13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with each of the vertebral trabecular bone traits, exhibiting adjusted LOD scores ranging from 3.1 to 14.4. The variance explained in the F2 population by each of the individual QTL after adjusting for contributions from other QTLs ranged from 0.8% to 5.9%. Taken together, the QTLs explained 22-33% of the variance of the vertebral traits in the F2 population. In conclusion, we observed a complex pattern of genetic regulation for vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction and microarchitecture using the F2 intercross of the C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ inbred mouse strains and identified a number of QTLs, some of which are distinct from those that were previously identified for total femoral and vertebral BMD. Identification of genes that regulate trabecular bone traits may ultimately yield important information regarding the mechanisms that regulate the acquisition and maintenance of mechanical integrity of the skeleton.
How to Create a Network Slice? - A 5G Core Network Perspective (2019)

Initially, the 5G system architecture is required with very diverse and extreme requirements. These requirements related with four main mega trends. Those are the explosion of date traffic, the rapid increase of number of devices, the increase of cloud's dependency, and the advent of new various mobile converged services. Mobile business stake holders define three categories of services and their characteristics such as eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications) and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications). To support these services, KPIs (Key Performance Index) such as user experience data rate, peak data rate, mobility, latency, connection density, energy efficiency, spectrum efficiency, and traffic volume density are elicited. With these KPIs and service scenarios, 3gpp working groups has been studied requirements, standards, and use cases for the 5G system. To support these 5G's requirements, a network slicing technology is required. Network Slicing provides multiple logical networks on top of a partially shared network infrastructure. Each instance of a network slice represents an independent end-to-end network that allows deployment of different architectural flavours in parallel slices. This paper proposes an architecture for the network slicing in 5G communication system.
Dynamics of theπ−p→π0π0nReaction forpπ−<750  MeV/c (2003)

Data are presented for the reaction pi(-)p-->pi(0)pi(0)n in the range from threshold to p(pi(-))=750 MeV/c. The systematics of the data and multipole analyses are examined for sensitivity to a f(0)(600) ("sigma") meson. A one-pion-exchange mechanism is found to be very weak, or absent. The reaction appears to become dominated by sequential pi(0) decays through the Delta(1232) resonance as the beam momentum increases, along with substantial interference effects from several competing mechanisms.
Population balance modelling of stem cell culture in 3D suspension bioreactors (2014)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells extracted from the developing mammalian blastocyte (Sachinidis, Fleischmann et al. 2003; Bauwens, Yin et al. 2005; Laflamme, Gold et al. 2005). ESCs are a powerful tool in regenerative medicine because they may potentially provide an unlimited supply of many types of highly specialised cells for purposes of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering applications. Human ESCs are difficult to obtain with respect to strict ethics and policies governing their legal procurement and use; therefore, growing and culturing them in scalable quantities is of significant interest. Established techniques for growing ESCs are mostly based on 2D growth culture. The growth of these cells in 3D suspension culture (i.e. bioreactors) has recently attracted interest. This has several key advantages, including achievable high cell densities, ease of scale‐up and control, as well as homogeneity particularly with respect to nutrient and dissolved gas distributions. Because an individual cell can be treated as a single particle, the population balance approach traditionally developed for particulate systems has recently been applied to biological cell cultures. In this paper, we extend this approach to KG1a hematopoietic stem cells where certain inter/intra‐cellular related properties of interest can be observed and controlled (e.g. cell number, mass, size, age) and extra‐cellular variables (e.g. dissolved gas concentrations, pH and temperature) can be systematically adjusted and optimised.
Compact modeling of carrier trapping for accurate prediction of frequency dependent circuit operation (2014)

We have investigated the influence of carrier traps on device characteristics in TFTs. In particular, our focus was given on transient characteristics influenced by carrier trapping during device operations. A compact model for circuit simulation of TFTs has been developed by considering the time constant of the trapping. The model was verified with measured frequency dependent TFT characteristics.
Kreitzberg Library: Communications: Videos, Reference Books and Key Journals (2013)

This subject guide is intended for students in Communications classes. You'll find resources here that will help you do research and find out more about professions in the Communications field.
Migration of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans across endothelial monolayers (1996)

Migration of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans across the endothelial cell layer is considered a prerequisite for the invasion of multiple organs occurring in systemic candidiasis. We developed an experimental system in which C. albicans migrates from a luminal compartment across a monolayer of bovine aortic endothelial cells on a porous filter support to an abluminal compartment. In this system, a C. albicans wild-type strain (ATCC 10261) traverses the endothelial monolayer in a time-, glucose-, and cell concentration-dependent manner. A mutant derivative unable to grow and form hyphae (SGY-243) migrates at a reduced rate. Concomitant to transendothelial migration, the permeability of the endothelial monolayer for dextran diffusion markers is significantly increased. This increase in transendothelial exchange occurs before fungal cells are detectable in the abluminal compartment and is time, glucose, and cell concentration dependent. A mutant strain (hOG301) unable to interact with endothelial cells does not alter endothelial permeability. Thus, transendothelial migration of C. albicans is able to damage the barrier function of an endothelial monolayer. Our experimental system, which reflects key stages of transendothelial migration of C. albicans including adherence and passage across endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix, may be a useful model for comparisons of transendothelial migration characteristics of Candida strains.
A Patterned-TiO2/SnO2 Bilayer Type Photocatalyst (2000)

A major challenge in heterogeneous photocatalysis is the need to increase charge separation efficiency of a photocatalyst, under illumination, without any applied electrical potential. Regularly patterned TiO2 films were formed on a SnO2-film coated soda lime glass substrate by using an organically modified sol−gel method. This bilayer-type photocatalyst exhibited a very high photocatalytic activity for gas-phase reactions. Efficient interfacial electron transfer from the TiO2 overlayer to the SnO2 underlayer was demonstrated by labeling and visualizing the reduction sites with Ag particles.
The Role of Vitamin D in Combination Treatment for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2020)

<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation in terms of response to treatment and improvement of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <b>Methods:</b> This study analyzed 1180 RA patients' records treated at Mianyang Central Hospital from February 2015 to July 2019. The patients were allocated into VitD group and control group based on their medical regimens. The outcome measures were primary efficacy, defined as treatment response-based EULAR response criteria in RA, and secondary efficacy, defined as improvement in disease activity indicators. Safety was evaluated according to the incidence of all-cause infections. <b>Results:</b> At month 6, the primary efficacy revealed that there were 22.8% good responders and 19.0% moderate responders in the VitD group, and 22.3% good responders and 22.3% moderate responders in the control group; there were no differences between the two groups (<i>p</i> = 0.754). The similar primary efficacy outcomes were observed at months 3, 12, and >12. The secondary efficacy indicated that there were no differences in most indexes between the two groups at months 1, 3, 6, 12, and >12. The subgroups (based on baseline DAS28 (CRP), glucocorticoids use and disease duration) analysis results suggested that VitD group didn't have the advantage for treating RA. The incidence of infections was similar in the two groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> VitD supplementation did not provide additional benefit for anti-rheumatic treatment. These data supported the need for prospective, randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the role of VitD supplementation in treating RA.
On the Role of Helper Peers in P2P Networks (2010)

In this chapter, we presented the evolution of helper peers in P2P file sharing and streaming networks. We presented advanced designs of helpers that integrate machine learning for reaching stability in throughput. We believe that helpers will play a crucial role in the design of future P2P networks, as it enables P2P to compete with both service availability and stability of traditional clientserver systems but with much larger scalability. The next required step is to embed and adapt the mentioned ideas onto large scale P2P networks and measure their benefits under different scenarios. In addition, it will be interesting to analyze different topologies of networks of helper peers. For example, a two-tier helper network might manage 2 different classes of helpers, a hash ring of helpers, a tree of helpers and other topologies.
Kelvin Probe Electrode for Field Detection of Corrosion of Steel in Concrete (2015)

While the Kelvin Probe (KP) has been used in a variety of surface scanning applications, the use of the KP in reinforced concrete structures to detect corrosion has been pioneered by previous work performed at the University of South Florida. However, in that work, the scale and construction of the probes was not suited to use in the field. This is primarily attributable to the small operating disk-to-concrete gap which would make the probe unable to accommodate road conditions, such as irregularities in the grading of the road, and local pitting of the surface. Therefore, it was important to investigate whether the KP can be scaled up while still maintaining resolution and fidelity of the measurements taken. The new mobile KP prototype (MKPP) constructed in this work, has a sensing disk that is approximately 10 cm in diameter and is capable of operating up to 2 cm above the concrete surface. Testing consisted of mapping an instrumented test slab simulating a corroding concrete bridge deck, at a rate of travel of about 0.6 mph (~1 ft/s) over the slab surface. The potential map generated through use of the MKPP successfully identified the corroding spot, the location of which was verified using the traditional half-cell potential mapping method outlined in ASTM C 876-09. The MKPP mapping in these trials was approximately 10 times faster than when using the traditional method. The faster potential mapping by the MKPP, while still identifying corroding sites, should allow for more economical and less intrusive survey of the condition of bridge decks. The work set the necessary proof of concept for future demonstration of an array of such probes which would further magnify the beneficial effect.
Chemistry of organo-zirconium and -hafnium compounds (1986)

The authors have managed to pull together, in remarkably comprehensive fashion, the organometallic chemistry of zirconium and hafnium, but they have done so not simply in an encyclopedic way (as is all too typical these days for reviews and monographs). Rather they have accomplished this in a way which makes sense to the reader. The book follows a typical format for volumes of this type, and data are organized around ligand types and formal oxidation states for the metals.
<title>ATP: continuously variable attenuator for true laser profiles</title> (1993)

Measurement of the beam profile and/or beam width of a laser source is complicated by the fact that most detectors available are just too sensitive. Typical lasers measured in millijoules/cm<SUP>2</SUP> must be attenuated to a few 10s of nanojoules/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. To maximize the photoreceptor's digitizer range and operate at a maximum signal-to-noise ratio, it is preferred that the input energy is controlled to just below the detector saturation point. The most common attenuation methods are either discrete in increment, narrow in wavelength range, or operate on a polarization principle that can produce erroneous results for many mixed-mode lasers. Metalized gradient pair attenuators suffer from nonlinear attenuation across the beam and/or multiple interference fringes. What is described here is a novel technique to continuously attenuate an incident laser beam over a ratio of 6300:1 or more (3.8 orders of magnitude). It can be adjusted to the nearest incremental transmission value of 0.005 (0.5 percent). It achieves this at near normal incidence, which is very important if the source contains polarization-dependent laser mode components. Photon, Inc.'s ATP attenuator package achieves this performance without interference fringes, bubbles, or stria and with a minimum of deflection or redirection. A broad wavelength performance also is achieved that ranges from 360 to 2,500-plus nanometers. ATP's primary application is with very sensitive CCD or vidicon array detectors that are capable of measuring beam sizes of a few hundred microns. ATP does this with virtually no root mean square wavefront errors. This device coupled with a high accuracy beam profiler will produce true accurate profiles and beam widths.
Purification, structure, and characterization of caltrin proteins from seminal vesicle of the rat and mouse. (1992)

Caltrins, small basic proteins that inhibit calcium uptake by epididymal spermatozoa, have been purified from seminal vesicle content of the mouse and rat. Mouse caltrin (M(r) 8,476) contains 75 amino acid residues, 14 basic, 5 acidic, and 7 cysteines while rat caltrin (M(r) 6,217) has 56 residues, 10 basic, 5 acidic, and 6 cysteines; their pI values are 10.2 and 9.3, respectively. The proteins did not react with Ellman's reagent unless the cystine residues were previously reduced. The primary structures were determined by sequencing fragments generated by trypsin, clostripain, and endoproteinase Lys-C digestion. The sequences were ordered to give the total structural formula. The two molecules have no sequence similarity and are different from those of the bull and guinea pig previously reported. Only rat caltrin has a sequence of 13 residues nearly identical to that in guinea pig caltrin I. Both rat and mouse caltrin react with antibodies against bovine and guinea pig caltrins. Reduction and alkylation of cysteine residues suppressed the immunologic response of mouse caltrin; however, modified rat caltrin retained partially its immunoreactivity with the antiserum against guinea pig caltrin I. The same treatment abolished the calcium transport inhibitory activity of mouse caltrin and greatly reduced that of rat caltrin. It is likely that rat and mouse caltrins have the same physiological function as proposed for bovine caltrin; namely, to regulate the development of the Ca(2+)-dependent processes that "capacitate" sperm for fertilization.
Analysis Of Fmri Data Using Spline Wavelets (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Optimal subcarrier power allocation for OFDM in peak-power-limited channels (2009)

A major disadvantage of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is the large dynamic range of its time-domain waveforms, making OFDM vulnerable to nonlinearities (including clipping effects) of the power amplifier (PA). The effects are nonlinear distortions as well as low DC to RF power conversion efficiency. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) is commonly used to characterize a signal's dynamic range. In the recent literature, the distribution of the PAR of OFDM signals is revealed to be dependent on the power allocation among subcarriers. In this paper, the effect of different power allocation schemes on the power efficiency of peak-power constrained OFDM transmitters is investigated. Optimization problems are formulated to determine the optimal power allocation with respect to the power efficiency, power consumption and system throughput performance in AWGN channels.
Improved techniques for fluid diversion in oil recovery. First annual report (1993)

This three-year project has two general objectives. The first objective is to compare the effectiveness of gels in fluid diversion with those of other types of processes. Several different types of fluid-diversion processes are being compared, including those using gels, foams, emulsions, and particulates. The ultimate goals of these comparisons are to (1) establish which of these processes are most effective in a given application, and (2) determine whether aspects of one process can be combined with those of other processes to improve performance. Analyses and experiments are being performed to verify which materials are the most effective in entering and blocking high-permeability zones. Another objective of the project is to identify the mechanisms by which materials (particularly gels) selectively reduce permeability to water more than to oil. This report describes work performed during the first year of the project. Following the introduction, Chapters 2 through 5 present several surveys concerning field applications of gel treatments. Based on the results of the surveys, guidelines are proposed in Chapter 5 for the selection of candidates for gel treatments (both injection wells and production wells). Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 11 discuss theoretical work that was performed during the project. Chapter 6 examines whether Hall plots indicated selectivity during gelant placement. Chapter 7 discusses several important theoretical aspects of gel treatments in production wells with water-coning problems. Chapter 8 considers exploitation of density differences during gelant placement. Chapter 11 presents a preliminary consideration of the use of precipitates as blocking agents. Chapters 9 and 10 detail the experimental work for the project. Chapter 9 describes an experimental investigation of gelant placement in fractured systems. Chapter 10 describes experiments that probe the mechanisms for disproportionate permeability reduction by gels.