gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical inhomogeneities of steel in steel/copper alloy couple during galvanic corrosion in static and flowing seawater (2018)

The electrochemical inhomogeneities of steel wires within a steel/copper alloy couple immersed in static and flowing seawater were studied by the wire beam electrode (WBE) technique, and the variations of the main anodic area of steel wires were discussed. It showed that the potential and current density distributions of steel wires in both static and flowing seawater were inhomogeneous while the electrochemical inhomogeneities of steel wires immersed in flowing seawater were significantly reduced. The main anodic area of steel wires immersed in static seawater moved from the steel wires at the edge of the WBE to other steel wires, and the main anodic area of steel wires immersed in flowing seawater moved from the steel wires adjacent to the steel/copper alloy interface to the steel wires further away. Polarity reversals of the single steel electrode can be found, but the reasons for the phenomena were different from each other.
Practical Control of SAGD Wells With Dual-Tubing Strings (2014)

Summary Practical methods of operating dual-/triple-tubing strings, on the basis of temperature monitoring that is currently available, to achieve uniform steam-chamber development and enhanced production in a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process, are presented. The work is motivated by the fact that numerous operators use dual-tubing strings for designing and optimizing steam-chamber development. Flow in the region of the SAGD horizontal well pair is often irregular, and dual-tubing strings may help to even out and improve both injection and production. Problems that operators have with multiple tubing strings in wells include their control and design. In this work, the injector and the producer will have two tubing strings each: one landed at the toe and the other at the heel. Control points are applied on each injection tubular. Injection at these control points is regulated by a proportional- integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller monitoring temperature differences between injected and produced fluids. A brief examination and discussion of the performance of control points in the production tubulars are also included. The PID controller will attempt to accomplish two goals: (i) to achieve evenness in injection and production conformance along both wells and (ii) to enforce a specified temperature offset between the injector and producer in order to improve oil production and reduce steam production and injection. Sensitivity of the feedback controller will be examined for (a) heterogeneity where several synthetic permeability patterns will be tested to gauge the effectiveness of coping with reservoir complexity, (b) update frequency where a comparison will be made between instantaneous and periodic updating of the controller error terms, and (c) ability of the controller to cope with early temperature rises in produced fluids. Well monitoring is accomplished through the use of high-temperature fibre-optic temperature sensing that is currently available. Results and further discussion are offered on whether an additional tubular landed at the midpoint of both wells will benefit production from a heterogeneous reservoir.
Lightweight, Superelastic, and Hydrophobic Polyimide Nanofiber /MXene Composite Aerogel for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensor and Oil/Water Separation Applications (2021)

Abstract Inspired by the ultralight and structurally robust spider webs, flexible nanofibril‐assembled aerogels with intriguing attributes have been designed for achieving promising performances in various applications. Here, conductive polyimide nanofiber (PINF)/MXene composite aerogel with typical “layer‐strut” bracing hierarchical nanofibrous cellular structure has been developed via the freeze‐drying and thermal imidization process. Benefiting from the porous architecture and robust bonding between PINF and MXene, the PINF/MXene composite aerogel exhibits an ultralow density (9.98 mg cm −3 ), intriguing temperature tolerance from ‐50 to 250 °C, superior compressibility and recoverability (up to 90% strain), and excellent fatigue resistance over 1000 cycles. The composite aerogel can be used as a piezoresistive sensor, with an outstanding sensing capacity up to 90% strain (corresponding 85.21 kPa), ultralow detection limit of 0.5% strain (corresponding 0.01 kPa), robust fatigue resistance over 1000 cycles, excellent piezoresistive stability and reproductivity in extremely harsh environments. Furthermore, the composite aerogel also exhibits superior oil/water separation properties such as high adsorption capacity (55.85 to 135.29 g g −1 ) and stable recyclability due to its hydrophobicity and robust hierarchical porous structure. It is expected that the designed PINF/MXene composite aerogel can supply a new multifunctional platform for human bodily motion/physical signals detection and high‐efficient oil/water separation.
Inflammasome expression is higher in ovarian tumors than in normal ovary (2020)

Chronic inflammation fundamentally influences cancer risk and development. A mechanism of chronic inflammation is the formation of inflammasome complexes which results in the sustained secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL18. Inflammasome expression and actions vary among cancers. There is no information on inflammasome expression in ovarian cancer (OvCa). To determine if ovarian tumors express inflammasome components, mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat family, pyrin domain containing 3), caspase-1, IL1β, and IL18 expression in hen and human OvCa was assessed. Chicken (hen) OvCa a valid model of spontaneous human OvCa. Hens were selected into study groups with or without tumors using ultrasonography; tumors were confirmed by histology, increased cellular proliferation, and expression of immune cell marker mRNA. mRNA expression was higher for hallmarks of inflammasome activity (caspase-1, 5.9x increase, p = 0.04; IL1β, 4x increase, p = 0.04; and IL18, 7.8x increase, p = 0.0003) in hen OvCa compared to normal ovary. NLRP3, caspase-8 and caspase-11 mRNA did not differ significantly between tumor and non-tumor containing ovaries. Similar results occurred for human OvCa. Protein expression by immunohistochemistry paralleled mRNA expression and was qualitatively higher in tumors. Increased protein expression of caspase-1, IL1β, and IL18 occurred in surface epithelium, tumor cells, and immune cells. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a potential tumor suppressor and NLRP3 regulator, was higher in hen (2.4x increase, p = 0.002) and human tumors (1.8x increase, p = 0.038), suggesting a role in OvCa. Collectively, the results indicate that inflammasome expression is associated with hen and human OvCa, although the NLR sensor type remains to be determined.
Principles and Issues for Physical Frailty Measurement and Its Clinical Application (2019)

Unresolved conceptual issues include the roles of intersecting concepts such as cognition, disease severity, and disability in frailty measurement, conceptualization of frailty as a state versus a continuum, and the potential need for dynamic measures and systems concepts in furthering understanding of frailty. Clinical considerations include needs to distinguish interventions designed to address frailty "symptoms" versus underlying physiology, improve "prefrailty" measures intended to screen individuals early in their frailty progression, address feasibility demands, and further visioning followed by rigorous efficacy research to address the landscape of potential uses of frailty assessment in clinical practice.
ChemInform Abstract: EISEN(II)‐, KOBALT(II)‐ UND NICKEL(II)‐KOMPLEXE VON PHOSPHOR‐STICKSTOFF‐LIGANDEN (1971)

Abstract Die Komplexe (I)‐(IV) werden durch Behandlung entsprechender Metallsalze mit den Liganden in Äthanol ‐ (IV) in Gegenwart von Essigsäure ‐ erhalten und anhand von Elektronen‐ und IR‐Spektren, magnetischen Eigenschaften sowie Leitfähigkeitsmessungen charakterisiert.
Application of an Online-Biomass Sensor in an Optical Multisensory Platform Prototype for Growth Monitoring of Biotechnical Relevant Microorganism and Cell Lines in Single-Use Shake Flasks (2014)

In the context of this work we evaluated a multisensory, noninvasive prototype platform for shake flask cultivations by monitoring three basic parameters (pH, pO2 and biomass). The focus lies on the evaluation of the biomass sensor based on backward light scattering. The application spectrum was expanded to four new organisms in addition to E. coli K12 and S. cerevisiae [1]. It could be shown that the sensor is appropriate for a wide range of standard microorganisms, e.g., L. zeae, K. pastoris, A. niger and CHO-K1. The biomass sensor signal could successfully be correlated and calibrated with well-known measurement methods like OD600, cell dry weight (CDW) and cell concentration. Logarithmic and Bleasdale-Nelder derived functions were adequate for data fitting. Measurements at low cell concentrations proved to be critical in terms of a high signal to noise ratio, but the integration of a custom made light shade in the shake flask improved these measurements significantly. This sensor based measurement method has a high potential to initiate a new generation of online bioprocess monitoring. Metabolic studies will particularly benefit from the multisensory data acquisition. The sensor is already used in labscale experiments for shake flask cultivations.
Modern Machine Learning as a Benchmark for Fitting Neural Responses (2018)

Neuroscience has long focused on finding encoding models that effectively ask "what predicts neural spiking?" and generalized linear models (GLMs) are a typical approach. It is often unknown how much of explainable neural activity is captured, or missed, when fitting a model. Here we compared the predictive performance of simple models to three leading machine learning methods: feedforward neural networks, gradient boosted trees (using XGBoost), and stacked ensembles that combine the predictions of several methods. We predicted spike counts in macaque motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortices from standard representations of reaching kinematics, and in rat hippocampal cells from open field location and orientation. Of these methods, XGBoost and the ensemble consistently produced more accurate spike rate predictions and were less sensitive to the preprocessing of features. These methods can thus be applied quickly to detect if feature sets relate to neural activity in a manner not captured by simpler methods. Encoding models built with a machine learning approach accurately predict spike rates and can offer meaningful benchmarks for simpler models.
Timing of Return to Normal Activities after Orbital Floor Fracture Repair (2007)

Orbital floor strength is regained 24 days after repair. The authors now let patients resume normal activities approximately 3 weeks after uncomplicated orbital floor fracture repair. This is one of many clinical factors in assessing the return to normal activities. In addition, LactoSorb and polyamide sheeting are adequate for the repair of simple floor fractures.
Two analyses of CSCW and groupware (1990)

This report consists of two papers on the topics of computer supported cooperative work and groupware. The first examines the emergence of CSCW in the mid-1980s, finding that its timing and composition reflect changes within one context of systems development, product development. Many of the issues -- and some of the participants -- have a history in internal systems development; some confusion of identity in the field may be traced to the merging of these development paradigms. The second paper examines eight challenges in designing and evaluating groupware or CSCW applications, challenges that are new for product or application developers. One that is particularly problematic, due to the way software products are marketed, is the need to address a range of organizational factors on a site-by-site basis to obtain acceptance of systems developed to support groups.
Advanced defect classification by smart sampling, based on sub-wavelength anisotropic scatterometry (2018)

We report on advanced defect classification using TNO’s RapidNano particle scanner. RapidNano was originally designed for defect detection on blank substrates. In detection-mode, the RapidNano signal from nine azimuth angles is added for sensitivity. In review-mode signals from individual angles are analyzed to derive additional defect properties. We define the Fourier coefficient parameter space that is useful to study the statistical variation in defect types on a sample. By selecting defects from each defect type for further review by SEM, information on all defects can be obtained efficiently.
The emission spectra of organic liquid scintillators (1963)

The fluorescence emission spectra of toluene solutions of seven efficient scintillator solutes (TP, QP, TPB, DPH, DPA, PPO and POPOP) have been measured with a recording photoelectric spectrophotometer at a resolution of about 8 Å. The fluorescence was excited mainly by 2537 Å radiation from a low pressure mercury lamp with filters. Self-absorption effects were studied using different solution depths and concentrations.
Characterization of damage in InP dry etched using nitrogen containing chemistries (2001)

Etching of InP by different ion beam etching processes using chemistries containing nitrogen, such as nitrogen milling, N(CH3)3 and Ar/N(CH3)3 based reactive ion beam etching (RIBE), and N2/CH4/H2 based chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE), is investigated. The residual surface damage is characterized using I–V characteristics of Au/InP metal–semiconductor (MS) contacts and photoluminescence (PL) yield measurements from near surface quantum wells and bulk InP. The contacts formed on as-etched surfaces, irrespective of the etch process, show ohmic behavior. On the other hand, although the PL yield is reduced for the different processes, the measured intensities show variations which are attributed to passivation of defects by hydrogen. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to check (qualitatively) the presence of nitrogen in the etched and annealed InP samples. SIMS data show the presence of nitrogen in the near surface region of the etched samples, but nitrogen levels drop to background levels upon annealing at typical regrowth conditions (650 °C under phosphine flow). Interestingly, the annealing step results not only in a significant recovery of the PL yield, but also in a recovery of Schottky characteristics of the Au contacts formed on the annealed surfaces. These observations show that the etch-induced damage is significantly reduced by annealing and suggests recovery of the near-surface stoichiometry and possibly reduction of nitrogen-related defects.
Non-linear piezoelectric effect in CdTe and CdZnTe (1993)

Abstract: Strained quantum wells (QWs) grown along the polar axis (1 11) in a zinc-blende semiconductor exhibit a piezoelectric field. This field strongly modifies the energy of excitons confined in QWs. We have extracted, from optical measurements of excitonic transitions, the piezoelectric field value in a large set of QWs: CdTdCdZnTe, CdTeICdMnTe, CdZnTeICdMnTe. By suitably choosing the composition of alloys, we have obtained different values of strains (compressive or extensive) due to the lattice mismatch between QWs and barriers. The non-linear piezoelectric effect appears clearly when plotting the piezoelectric tensor component e 4 versus lattice mismatch. For example el4 increases from 0.07 C/m2 to 0.15 C/m2 wien the lattice mismatch varies from- 0.3 % to- 1.7%. 1. INTRODUCTION. Strained heterostructures of semiconductors grown along a polar crystallographic axis exhibit a piezoelectric field which deeply modifies their band configuration and their optical properties. Such structures are of particular interest for device applications in non-linear optics, for example to design optical switches. Piezoelectric field in strained heterostructures has been
Universal mosaicing using pipe projection (2002)

Video mosaicing is commonly used to increase the visual field by pasting together many video frames. Existing mosaicing methods are effective only in very limited cases where the image motion is almost a uniform translation or the camera performs a pure pan. Forward camera motion or camera zoom are very problematic for traditional mosaicing. A mosaicing methodology to allow image mosaicing in the most general cases is presented, where frames in the video sequence are transformed such that the optical flow becomes parallel. This transformation is an oblique projection of the image into a "viewing pipe" whose central axis is the trajectory of the camera. The "pipe projection" enables to define high quality mosaicing even for the most challenging cases of forward motion and of zoom. In addition view interpolation, generating dense intermediate views is used to overcome parallax effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Characterization of 6(S)‐epi‐Mevinolin, a Lactone Epimer. (1987)

Abstract The silyl derivative (Ib) of mevinolin (Ia) reacts with benzylamine (II) to give the ring‐opened intermediate (III) which yields the 6(S)‐ epimer (IVb) of (Ia) upon recyclization with mesyl chloride and triethylamine and subsequent desilylation.
Interferon-7 Inhibits Stimulated Adrenocorticotropin, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone Secretion in Normal Rat Anterior Pituitary Cell Cultures* (1990)

Preincubation of rat anterior pituitary (AP) cells with homologous interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of ACTH secretion stimulated by CRF. The effect was seen in both monolayer and aggregate AP cell cultures and was not due to cytotoxicity. In monolayer cultures IFN-gamma also inhibited PRL and GH release stimulated by various hypothalamic releasing factors. IFN-gamma did not affect the time kinetics of the ACTH response to CRF. The dose needed for half-maximal inhibition amounted to approximately 1 (antiviral) U/ml. The effect of IFN-gamma was abrogated by an IFN-gamma-neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, ACTH secretion by the AP cells was not affected by the anti-IFN-gamma antibody added alone, indicating that in the culture system no endogenous IFN-gamma is operational in regulating the ACTH response studied. Of the other cytokines tested [interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta)] only TNF-alpha and IL-6 were found to inhibit CRF-stimulated ACTH release, although this inhibition was less pronounced than that caused by IFN-gamma. Lipopolysaccharide, even at high doses, did not significantly inhibit the ACTH response to CRF. These results identify IFN-gamma as one of the inflammatory cytokines that, like IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, have the potential to regulate pituitary function.
Origin of Enhanced Crystal Growth Kinetics near Tg Probed with Indomethacin Polymorphs (2006)

Using three crystal polymorphs of indomethacin (IMC), we tested two interpretations of the enhanced crystal growth kinetics near the glass transition temperature Tg. This enhancement refers to the stronger temperature dependence of liquid viscosity eta than crystal growth rate (corrected for thermodynamic driving force). This enhancement is attributed in the first interpretation to an increase of the number of preferred interfacial growth sites with decreasing temperature and, in the second interpretation, to the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in deeply supercooled liquids. We measured the growth rates of the IMC polymorphs (alpha, gamma, and delta) from Tg + 9 K (Tg = 314 K) to near the respective melting points. From Tg + 19 K to Tg + 69 K, the growth rates of the polymorphs changed by 10(4) fold but displayed the same temperature dependence (eta-0.78) after corrections for thermodynamic driving forces. These results argue for a liquid-state origin of the enhanced growth kinetics. Below ca. Tg + 19 K, delta IMC continued to grow in the same spherulite morphology but alpha and gamma IMC grew in different, fiberlike morphologies and, if measured consistently, at faster rates. We conclude that the liquid dynamics of IMC controls its crystal growth kinetics over a wide range of temperatures but changes of growth morphologies near Tg also lead to apparent acceleration of growth of certain polymorphs. This work also extended a previous study of D-sorbitol to lower temperatures to enable a broader analysis of crystal growth kinetics of organic molecules near Tg.
Cross-intolerance with bosutinib after prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients (pts) with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) leukemia: Phase 1/2 study update. (2018)

7062 Background: Bosutinib has a distinct adverse event (AE) profile vs other TKIs used to treat Ph+ leukemia. Methods: Pts with chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; n=403) or accelerated/blast phase CML or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ADV; n=167) previously treated with imatinib ± dasatinib and/or nilotinib received bosutinib (starting dose 500 mg QD) in a phase 1/2 study (NCT00261846). Cross-intolerance (AEs leading to discontinuation of both prior TKI and bosutinib) and AEs causing prior TKI intolerance and recurring as grade 3/4 AEs with bosutinib were assessed after ≥4 y of follow-up. Results: In imatinib-intolerant and dasatinib-intolerant pts, respectively, 18% and 24% in the CP CML group and 18% and 5% in the ADV group had cross-intolerance with bosutinib, which was most commonly due to hematologic AEs (Table). Cross-intolerance in imatinib-intolerant pts with CP CML due to AEs common with imatinib was low (rash 6%; diarrhea 10%; edema/fluid retention 0; myalgia 0); cross-intolerance due to pleural effusion was low in dasatinib-intolerant pts with CP CML (13%) and dasatinib-intolerant ADV pts (0). No deaths occurred due to cross-intolerance. Conclusions: Cross-intolerance with bosutinib was low and largely due to hematologic AEs, supporting bosutinib use in pts with Ph+ leukemia intolerant to prior TKIs, including those with intolerance due to rash or diarrhea. Clinical trial information: NCT00261846.Cause of intolerance* n Bosutinib discontinuation due to same AE n (%) Same grade 3/4 AE with bosutinib n (%) CP CML Imatinib intolerance Any AE 120† 21 (18) 39 (33) Thrombocytopenia 27 7 (26) 17 (63) Neutropenia 21 2 (10) 7 (33) Rash 18 1 (6) 2 (11) Anemia 14 0 6 (43) Edema 12 0 0 Diarrhea 10 1 (10) 3 (30) Hematologic toxicity 7 4 (57) 5 (71) Vomiting 7 1 (14) 1 (14) Fatigue 7 1 (14) 0 Nausea 6 0 0 Fluid retention 5 0 0 Myalgia 5 0 0 Dasatinib intolerance Any AE 50 12 (24) 18 (36) Pleural effusion 16 2 (13) 3 (19) Thrombocytopenia 8 4 (50) 8 (100) Pancytopenia 6 0 0 ADV Imatinib intolerance Any AE 22† 4 (18) 8 (36) Thrombocytopenia 7 4 (57) 6 (86) Dasatinib intolerance Any AE 21† 1 (5) 10 (48) Pleural effusion 7 0 2 (29) Thrombocytopenia 5 1 (20) 5 (100) * Causes in ≥5 pts shown † Pts with known causes shown
Application of Optimal Pulse Design in Non-ideal Ultra-wideband Transmission (2009)

The performance of an impulse radio system depends on the pulse shape, modulation, coding, the front-end components, the channel and the receiver structure. In this contribution, a time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) system is investigated that operates in an indoor scenario and consists of non-ideal frontend components and a correlation receiver. The question arises how the pulse shape influences the system performance, namely the bit error rate. Classical pulse shapes do not fully exploit the power spectral density regulation and lead to reduced transmit power and performance. Therefore, optimal pulse shapes are of great interest. This contribution first summarizes how optimal pulse shapes can be obtained and demonstrates in a second step how they improve the system performance if the system is assumed to be non-ideal which is neglected in most contributions.