gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Living Liver Transplant Donors: Method for Precise Anatomic Definition by Using a Dedicated Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging Protocol (2004)

Liver transplantation from a living donor involves removal of part of the donor liver in a fashion that does not endanger its vascular supply or metabolic function. The radiologist plays an important role in evaluation of the living donor to define the conditions under which graft donation is contraindicated and to identify anatomic variations that may alter the surgical approach. In the past, diagnostic work-up of the donor involved costly and invasive tests. Currently, dynamic contrast material-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are the imaging tests performed, each of which has advantages and limitations. MR imaging performed with liver-specific and extravascular contrast agents may be used as a single imaging test for comprehensive noninvasive evaluation of living liver transplant donors. MR imaging provides valuable information about variations in the vascular and biliary anatomy and allows evaluation of the hepatic parenchyma for diffuse or focal abnormalities.
Hemagglutinin Protein of Wild-Type Measles Virus Activates Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling (2002)

Pattern recognition via Toll-like receptors (TLR) by antigen-presenting cells is an important element of innate immunity. We report that wild-type measles virus but not vaccine strains activate cells via both human and murine TLR2, and this is a property of the hemagglutinin (H) protein. The ability to activate cells via TLR2 by wild-type MV H protein is abolished by mutation of a single amino acid, asparagine at position 481 to tyrosine, as is found in attenuated strains, which is important for interaction with CD46, the receptor for these strains. TLR2 activation by MV wild-type H protein stimulates induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human monocytic cells and surface expression of CD150, the receptor for all MV strains. Confirming the specificity of this interaction, wild-type H protein did not induce IL-6 release in macrophages from TLR2-/- mice. Thus, the unique property of MV wild-type strains to activate TLR2-dependent signals might essentially contribute not only to immune activation but also to viral spread and pathogenicity by upregulating the MV receptor on monocytes.
Preface (2000)

If you look at the cosmic abundance of elements, oxygen, carbon, neon, nitrogen, magnesium, and silicon are the top six (apart from hydrogen and helium); most of them are indeed the main constituents of rock-forming minerals. If the goal of modern mineralogy is to understand classes of materials on an atomic scale, this is also the aim of modern condensed-matter physics. Therefore it is natural that condensed-matter physics should be applied to mineralogy and earth sciences, just as particle physics is a key tool in understanding cosmology.
Hydrodynamic shearing of DNA in a polymeric microfluidic device (2012)

With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) systems and the associated high throughput they afford, the input to these machines requires manageable lengths of fragments (~1000 bp) produced from chromosomal DNAs. Therefore, it is critical to develop devices that can shear DNA in a controlled fashion. We report a polymer-based microfluidic device that establishes an efficient and inexpensive platform with performance comparable to a commercially available bench-top system.
Fabrication of ultralong perovskite structure nanotubes (2018)

We elucidate a facile method for the preparation of perovskite manganite nanotubes using a sacrificial template assisted pulsed laser deposition technique.
Synthesis of Dense Y-zeolite Bulks with Large Surface Area Using a Hydrothermal Hot-pressing (HHP) Process (2004)

Abstract Highly dense and large bulk Y-zeolites (1.5 mm in thickness and 20 mm in diameter) with a significantly large surface area over 700 m2/g were obtained by a short-term hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) treatment at 423 K for 2 h, comparable with the Y-zeolite powder.
Predicted Influence of Plasma Activation on Nonoxidative Coupling of Methane on Transition Metal Catalysts (2020)

The combination of catalysis and nonthermal plasma holds promise for enabling difficult chemical conversions. The possible synergy between both depends strongly on the nature of the reactive plasma species and the catalyst material. In this paper, we show how vibrationally excited species and plasma-generated radicals interact with transition metal catalysts and how changing the catalyst material can improve the conversion rates and product selectivity. We developed a microkinetic model to investigate the impact of vibrational excitations and plasma-generated radicals on the nonoxidative coupling of methane over transition metal surfaces. We predict a significant increase in ethylene formation for vibrationally excited methane. Plasma-generated radicals have a stronger impact on the turnover frequencies with high selectivity toward ethylene on noble catalysts and mixed selectivity on non-noble catalysts. In general, we show how the optimal catalyst material depends on the desired products as well as the plasma conditions.
Cardiac Adipose Tissue Segmentation via Image-Level Annotations (2023)

Automatically identifying the structural substrates underlying cardiac abnormalities can potentially provide real-time guidance for interventional procedures. With the knowledge of cardiac tissue substrates, the treatment of complex arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia can be further optimized by detecting arrhythmia substrates to target for treatment (i.e., adipose) and identifying critical structures to avoid. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time imaging modality that aids in addressing this need. Existing approaches for cardiac image analysis mainly rely on fully supervised learning techniques, which suffer from the drawback of workload on labor-intensive annotation process of pixel-wise labeling. To lessen the need for pixel-wise labeling, we develop a two-stage deep learning framework for cardiac adipose tissue segmentation using image-level annotations on OCT images of human cardiac substrates. In particular, we integrate class activation mapping with superpixel segmentation to solve the sparse tissue seed challenge raised in cardiac tissue segmentation. Our study bridges the gap between the demand on automatic tissue analysis and the lack of high-quality pixel-wise annotations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts to address cardiac tissue segmentation on OCT images via weakly supervised learning techniques. Within an in-vitro human cardiac OCT dataset, we demonstrate that our weakly supervised approach on image-level annotations achieves comparable performance as fully supervised methods trained on pixel-wise annotations.
Further Studies on the Endogenous Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase in Schizophrenic Plasma (1980)

Platelet-free plasma from schizophrenic patients satisfying research diagnostic criteria for chronic schizophrenia was obtained and mixed with platelet-rich plasma from normal controls. Decreases in control platelet monoamine oxidase activity were observed, with some control platelets apparently much more sensitive than others to the inhibitory activity of the chronic schizophrenic plasma. Experimental conditions and selection from sensitive control individuals seem crucial in demonstrating the presence of endogenous inhibitors in schizophrenics' plasma.
The value of distributed power (1995)

Distributed power architecture advantages span from improvements in technical performance to substantially shorter development time to market. Although these are valuable attributes, none is more important than lower cost. Seldom are other features so predominant that they would command a sizable price differential. So, although the paper discusses in some detail the value of improved performance and business merits of the distributed architecture, it primarily focuses on the economic value of distributed power. The paper demonstrates that not only can distributed power be cost competitive with other powering solutions, it may in fact hold a sizable cost advantage. Some of these advantages are derived from the pay-as-you-grow concept provided by the distributed power architecture. Others are derived from the ability to position the downstream power converter of the architecture in line with system failure groups, thereby eliminating the need for redundancy in order to maintain a high level of availability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of a lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution by chiral normal-phase liquid chromatography (1997)

As part of our investigation of structure-activity relationships in a Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis reaction, methyl 2-(octylsulfinyl)benzoate has been studied, with respect to rate and enantioselectivity behaviour, using two different lipase preparations. A chiral normal-phase liquid chromatography method has been developed for determination of the experimental data, degree of conversion (c) and enantiomeric excess of the substrate (ees) or the product (eep), needed for calculation of the enantioselectivity in a kinetic resolution of this kind. A recently developed new class of network-polymeric chiral stationary phases, giving baseline-resolution with high selectivities for the ester substrates as well as their corresponding carboxylic acid products, permits, without any derivatization, an accurate and direct determination of the rate of the hydrolysis reaction and of the enantioselectivity from one and the same chromatogram.
Listening holistically: one village’s path to address child malnutrition in Mali (2022)

This study chronicles a 14-year partnership between a Malian rural village and US academics to curb childhood malnutrition. Villagers described agricultural/nutritional traditions while expressing a desire for improved quality of life for the future. Through holistic observation and listening, student/faculty partners developed a trusting relationship, and documented the community’s fundamental knowledge-base. Collaborators studied children’s dietary intake to predict micronutrient deficiencies. Villagers ultimately chose to participate in the national lunch program and to additionally supplement children’s diets with eggs. The Expansive Collaborative Model described in this article, exemplifies a cross-cultural approach which could effectively mitigate malnutrition in remote African villages.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Thioredoxin-1 Modulates Transcription of Cyclooxygenase-2 via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Thioredoxin-1 Modulates Transcription of Cyclooxygenase-2 via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Recovery of Coalbed Methane by Gas Injection (2002)

Abstract Injection of either carbon dioxide (CO2) or nitrogen (N2) can serve as an effective method for enhanced recovery of coalbed methane. In this paper, we provide new analytical solutions for flow of ternary gas mixtures. The adsorption/desorption of the components to/from the coalbed surface is approximated by an extended Langmuir isotherm, and the gas phase behavior is predicted by the Peng-Robinson EOS. Langmuir isotherm coefficients are used that represent a moist Fruitland coal sample from the San Juan Basin of Colorado. In these calculations, mobile liquid is not considered. Given constant initial and injection compositions, a self-similar solution that consists of continuous waves and shocks is found. Mixtures of CH4, CO2, and N2 are used to represent coalbed and injection gases. We provide examples for systems in which the initial gas has a high CH4 content, and binary mixtures of CO2 and N2 are injected. Injection of N2-CO2 mixtures rich in N2 leads to relatively fast initial recovery of CH4. Injection of mixtures rich in CO2 gives slower initial recovery, increases breakthrough time and decreases the injectant needed to sweep out the coalbed. The solutions presented indicate that a coalbed can be used to separate N2 and CO2 chromatographically at the same time CBM is recovered.
Development of Novel Asymmetric Reactions Based on Acid-base Catalysis of Late Transition Metal Complexes (2011)

Acid-base catalysis of chiral transition metal complexes having hard anionic ligands such as hydroxo and acetate ligands is described. The Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ni complexes can effectively abstract the α-proton of methylene and methine compounds under non-basic conditions to give chiral enolates. In the case of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, the Pd complexes produced such enolates even under acidic conditions, and their cooperative action with protic acid to activate the various electrophiles including enones, imines, and acetals allows unique C-C bond-forming reactions to proceed with excellent enantioselectivity. Additionally, asymmetric protonation in aza-Michael reaction using the Pd hydroxo complex in combination with amine salt is described. For efficient activation of less acidic α-ketoesters, we developed a novel chiral nickel acetate complex, which is particularly effective to promote the asymmetric conjugate addition to nitroolefins. To confirm the utility of the reaction, its application to the asymmetric synthesis of MFPA was successfully demonstrated. Finally, the proposed reaction mechanisms of these reactions are briefly discussed.
A ring cycle: studies of heterometallic wheels (2007)

The synthesis of a series of heterometallic rings and chains is reported. The family is based on the octanuclear cages of general formula [H(2)NR(2)][M(7)M'F(8)(O(2)CR')(16)], where M is a trivalent metal (Cr, Fe, V, Al, Ga or In), M' is a divalent metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mg, Zn, Cd), R is a linear alkyl chain and O(2)CR' is one of around twenty carboxylates. Other members of the family with nonametallic and decametallic cores are described, and some new physics is outlined, including initial investigations of the proposed application of [Cr(7)Ni] rings as Qubits in quantum information processing.
Changes in plasma metabolites and glucose homeostasis during omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2016)

Effects of FO and SBO on plasma AA were similar and differed significantly from those of the FLX. The primary target of dietary PUFA is not known. Dietary PUFA may influence insulin secretion and resistance directly and alter plasma AA indirectly. Alternatively, as a novel concept, dietary PUFA may directly affect AA metabolism and the changes in insulin secretion and resistance may be secondary.
A Field Trial to Test Fiber Optic Sensors for Downhole Temperature and Pressure Measurements, West Coalinga Field, California (1996)

Abstract A field trial to test fiber optic sensors for temperature and pressure measurements was completed in two temperature observation wells in a steamflood area of the West Coalinga Field in Coalinga, California. Objectives of the trial were to test a novel hydraulic deployment system that can easily install and retrieve fiber optic sensors from wellbores and to test the data quality from a fiber optic Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) and a pressure sensor. Deployment of the temperature and pressure fiber optic sensors was successfully demonstrated by using the hydraulic deployment technique. Excellent data correlation was obtained between the DTS and the conventional wireline conveyed temperature survey tools. Similarly, the pressure sensor showed impressive resolution and dynamic response capabilities. Since the fiber optic system has the capability of providing continuous reservoir temperature and pressure data, reservoir management in primary or assisted recovery projects can be improved. Introduction The objectives of this field trial were threefold:first test a hydraulic deployment system whereby a thin fiber optic cable can be deployed and retrieved easily.test a Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) for data quality and reliability of obtaining temperature profiles in a high temperature environment.test a fiber optic pressure sensor in a high temperature environment. The pressure sensor, which was simultaneously deployed with the temperature sensor in a closed system, was tested by applying pressure from the surface. The performance of both systems proved very effective and provided high quality data in a high temperature environment. The field trial took place in the West Coalinga Field. The Field is located on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley approximately 100 miles northwest of Bakersfield, California. Field production is primarily heavy crude (12 to 15 API) from the Miocene Temblor Formation. The target reservoir consists of two sand layers separated by a shaly layer. The sands are unconsolidated with an average porosity in excess of 30%, an original oil saturation ranging from 45% to 55%, and an average air permeability of approximately 800 millidarcies horizontally. The upper sand layer averages 45 ft. in thickness, while the lower sand is about 35 ft. thick. Steam injection in this reservoir was initiated in October 1988 and is ongoing today. Production from the constituent reservoir sand layers is enhanced by steam injection through a single tubing string. Permeability variations between the two sand layers resulted in uneven processing over major portions of the field. Since steam injection costs are the highest of all operating costs, it is critical to manage heat distribution in the reservoir properly. P. 351
Author response: Distinct interactions of eIF4A and eIF4E with RNA helicase Ded1 stimulate translation in vivo (2020)

Interactions of eIF4A and eIF4E with specific amino-acids in the N-terminal domain of DEAD-box helicase Ded1 enhance bulk polysome assembly and translation of reporter mRNAs with structured leaders in vivo.
Pathway of thiamine pyrophosphate synthesis in Micrococcus denitrificans (1976)

The pathway of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) biosynthesis, which is formed either from exogeneously added thiamine or from the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of thiamine, in Micrococcus denitrificans was investigated. The following indirect evidence shows that thiamine pyrophosphokinase (EC 2.7.6.2) catalyzes the synthesis of TPP from thiamine: (i) [35S]thiamine incubated with cells of this microorganism was detected in the form of [35S]thiamine; (ii) thiamine gave a much faster rate of TPP synthesis than thiamine monophosphate (TMP) when determined with the extracts; and (iii) a partially purified preparation of the extracts can use thiamine, but not TMP, as the substrate. The activities of the four enzymes involved in TMP synthesis from pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of thiamine were detected in the extracts of M. denitrificans. The extracts contained a high activity of the phosphatase, probably specific for TMP. After M. denitrificans cells were grown on a minimal medium containing 3 mM adenosine, which causes derepression of de novo thiamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, the activities of the four enzymes involved with TMP synthesis, the TMP phosphatase, and the thiamine pyrophosphokinase were enhanced two- to threefold. These results indicate that TPP is synthesized directly from thiamine without forming TMP as an intermediate and that de novo synthesis of TPP from the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties involves the formation of TMP, followed by hydrolysis to thiamine, which is then converted to TPP directly. Thus, the pathway of TPP synthesis from TMP synthesized de novo in M. denitrificans is different from that found in E. coli, in which TMP synthesized de novo is converted directly to TPP without producing thiamine.
Electronic relaxation pathways of the biologically relevant pterin chromophore (2017)

Pterin derivatives are endogenous photosensitizers common to every biological kingdom and are involved in numerous photobiological processes for which they have received widespread attention. Despite the photobiological relevance of the pterin compounds, their excited-state dynamics have not been investigated rigorously-an undertaking that must begin with a thorough understanding of the photophysics of the common core chromophore, 2-amino-1H-pteridin-4-one (a.k.a. pterin). In this contribution, direct observation of the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of pterin in aqueous borate buffered solution at pH 10.5 are revealed using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy with femtosecond time resolution. The time-resolved experiments are complemented with ground- and excited-state calculations that are performed at the time-dependent density functional level of theory. Excitation of pterin at 350 nm initially populates the electronic <sup>1</sup>ππ* state with excess vibrational energy. A sizable fraction of the vibrationally-excited <sup>1</sup>ππ* state population intersystem crosses to populate a receiver <sup>3</sup>nπ* state, while another fraction relaxes to populate the <sup>1</sup>ππ* minimum that decays by fluorescence emission to the ground state. The population that reaches the <sup>3</sup>nπ* state either internally converts to the <sup>3</sup>ππ* state or abstracts a hydrogen atom from the solvent to form a semi-reduced neutral radical species, both of which decay with rates accelerated by molecular oxygen. The neutral radical can also decay through back hydrogen atom transfer to the solvent, as evidenced by the normal kinetic isotope effect observed for this process. The transient species characterized in this study are expected to participate in a wide-range of photochemical reactions that have been documented in the literature between pterin and other biological molecules.
Lightweight sensing and communication protocols for target enumeration and aggregation (2003)

The development of lightweight sensing andcommunication protocols is a key requirement for designing resource constrained sensor networks. This paper introduces a set of efficient protocols and algorithms, DAM, EBAM, and EMLAM, for constructing and maintaining sensor aggregates that collectively monitor target activity in the environment. A sensor aggregate comprises those nodes in a network that satisfy a grouping predicate for a collaborative processing task. The parameters of the predicate depend on the task and its resource requirements. Since the foremost purpose of a sensor network is to selectively gather information about the environment, the formation of appropriate sensor aggregates is crucial for optimally allocating resources to sensing and communication tasks.This paper makes minimal assumptions about node onboard processing and communication capabilities so as to allow possible implementations on resource-constrained hardware. Factors affecting protocol performance are discussed. The paper presents simulation results showing how the protocol performance varies as key network and task parameters are varied. It also provides probabilistic analyses of network behavior consistent with the simulation results. The protocols have been experimentally validated on a sensor network testbed comprising 25 Berkeley MICA sensor motes.
Outcomes of using flash glucose monitoring technology by children and young people with type 1 diabetes in a single arm study (2018)

Children with diabetes improved glycemic control safely and effectively with short-term flash glucose monitoring compared to use of SMBG in a single arm study.