gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The execution unit for the VLSI 432 general data processor (1981)

The microinstruction execution unit (MEU), which is one of two chips that implement a 32-bit VLSI object-oriented general data processor, is described. A functional overview of the MEU is given and important design tradeoffs are described, including some of the motivations for the particular partitioning of the functions between the two chips. Finally details of circuit implementation are described for some of the more interesting and important circuits on the chip.
Fine structural analysis of the thoracic longitudinal stripes of Zaprionus vittiger (Diptera) (1978)

The structure of the longitudinal zebra stripes on the thorax of adult Zaprionus vittiger has been investigated by light-, polarization-, transmission electron-, and scanning electron microscopy. Each stripe consists of a central white stripe of about 50 μm width and two lateral dark brown stripes about 30 μm wide. Three different types of trichomes occur: Very long bent trichomes of the grooved-type, long bent trichomes of the crested-type, and short straight trichomes. The central white stripe contains neither bristle organs nor short straight trichomes but carries many long bent trichomes most of which are of the grooved type, contain two cavities and polarize the light in the polarization microscope. The dark brown stripes carry bristle organs and many trichomes of the short and straight-type. Bent trichomes of the crested-type are found on the whole zebra stripe at about equal frequencies; they contain no cavities and do not polarize the light. The cuticle of the dark stripes is underlain by pigment cells. It is suggested that the pigment granules in the epidermal cells cause the dark color of the dark brown stripes, whereas the form and structure of the bent grooved type trichomes cause the white color of the central stripe.
A COCCOLITHOPHORID CALCIFYING VESICLE WITH A VACUOLAR‐TYPE ATPASE PROTON PUMP: CLONING AND IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF THE V0 SUBUNIT c (2001)

Coccolithophorid calcification is subcellular. It relies on a single Golgi apparatus to produce coccoliths consisting of an organic baseplate and calcite. The calcification reaction is initiated in a calcifying vesicle derived from the trans ‐most Golgi. We have cloned a subunit of a V (vacuolar)‐ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3., ATP phosphohydrolase) from a Pleurochrysis (Haptophyceae) cDNA library of transcripts expressed during calcification. Degenerate PCR primers were developed after alignment of the higher plant V‐ATPase subunit c genes to identify conserved consensus sequences. The library was screened with a homologous probe obtained by PCR. The cloned gene is found as a single copy on the P. cartarae (strain 136) genome and includes a 495‐base pair open reading frame encoding a 164 amino acid polypeptide and deduced molecular mass of 16.2 kDa. Its deduced amino acid sequence shows a close relationship to subunit c of the V o domain of the vacuolar proton‐pumping ATPase of higher plants. An in vitro ‐synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to the L2 extramembrane domain was used for rabbit immunization. Affinity‐purified antiserum detected a polypeptide band with an apparent molecular mass of 24 kDa in immunoblots of highly enriched coccolith vesicle membranes. Immunofluoresence microscopy showed antibody specificity for the membranes of isolated coccolith vesicles. This work provides support for the existence of an authentic, vacuolar‐type, proton‐pumping ATPase on coccolith vesicle membranes in a calcifying coccolithophorid.
Abstract 679: Glutamine metabolism in MYC-driven antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells confers metabolic flexibility through the unfolded protein response (2014)

Abstract Antiestrogens are used to treat estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors that constitute 70% of all breast cancer cases. Unfortunately, acquired resistance to antiestrogen therapy remains a critical clinical obstacle. Here we show that human breast cancer cells and rat mammary tumors that have acquired resistance to antiestrogens express increased levels of MYC, a major regulator of both glutamine and glucose. Glutamine metabolism and glucose uptake were elevated in ER+ antiestrogen resistant cells (LCC9) compared with sensitive cells (LCC1). Inhibition of MYC, with siRNA or small molecule inhibitor, reduced cell viability and uptake of both glutamine and glucose in resistant cells. In resistant cells, MYC expression controlled protein levels of glutamine, glutamate and glucose transporters as well as GLUL and GLS, two enzymes that promote glutamate-glutamine inter-conversion. Increased MYC function in resistant cells correlated with increased cellular sensitivity to deprivation of, and also inhibitors of, both glutamine and glucose. While apoptosis eliminated all resistant cells in glucose-only conditions beyond 72 h, in glutamine-only conditions, the unfolded protein response (UPR) via GRP78-IRE1α and activating JNK and increased CHOP, induced apoptosis in majority of the cells but promoted survival in some. The antiestrogen faslodex (FAS; ICI 182,780) significantly reduced glucose uptake in antiestrogen resistant cells compared with sensitive cells. Thus, our findings reveal unique roles for MYC in promoting metabolic flexibility in and promoting survival in antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells via the UPR. Targeting glutamine and glucose metabolism pathways, therefore, may provide novel strategies in treating endocrine resistant breast cancers. Citation Format: Ayesha N. Shajahan-Haq, Katherine L. Cook, Jessica L. Schwartz-Roberts, Ahreej E. Eltayeb, Diane M. Demas, Anni M. Warri, Leena A. Hilakivi-Clarke, Robert Clarke. Glutamine metabolism in MYC-driven antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells confers metabolic flexibility through the unfolded protein response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 679. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-679
Production and role of interleukin-10 in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice (1997)

Experimental T-cell-mediated hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A) involves the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine derived from macrophages and T cells and is produced within the liver, we investigated the role of IL-10 in modulating the hepatotoxicity and the secretion of cytokines following in vivo injection of Con A. IL-10 is produced early in the serum after Con A challenge. Neutralization of endogenous IL-10 by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) increases the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (+111%), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (+92%), and IL-12 (+730%) 8 hours after Con A injection, and increases the hepatotoxicity, assessed by serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (+174%) measurement and by histology, 24 hours after induction of hepatitis. Conversely, preadministration of recombinant IL-10 reduces the production of these proinflammatory cytokines (-47%, -80%, and -47% for TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IFN-gamma, respectively), and decreases neutrophil infiltration and ALT serum concentration (-74%) 8 hours after Con A challenge. We conclude that IL-10, either endogenously produced or exogenously added, has a hepatoprotective role in Con A-induced hepatitis, through its suppressive property on proinflammatory cytokine production, and that it might be of therapeutic relevance in human liver diseases involving activated T cells.
Gas Reservoir Engineering (1996)

Gas Reservoir Engineering provides the undergraduate as well as the graduate student with an introduction to fundamental problem solving in gas reservoir engineering through practical equations and methods. Although much oil well technology applies to gas wells, many differences exist. This book helps students understand and recognize these differences to enable appropriate handling of gas reservoir problems.
Deep learning for ‘artefact’ removal in infrared spectroscopy (2020)

It has been well recognized that infrared spectra of microscopically heterogeneous media do not merely reflect the absorption of the sample but are influenced also by geometric factors and the wave nature of light causing scattering, reflection, interference, etc. These phenomena often occur simultaneously in complex samples like tissues and manifest themselves as intense baseline profiles, fringes, band distortion and band intensity changes in a measured IR spectrum. The information on the molecular level contained in IR spectra is thus entangled with the geometric structure of a sample and the optical model behind it, which largely hinders the data interpretation and in many cases renders the Beer-Lambert law invalid. It is required to recover the pure absorption (i.e., absorbance) of the sample from the measurement (i.e., apparent absorbance), that is, to remove the 'artefacts' caused merely by optical influences. To do so, we propose an artefact removal approach based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), specifically a 1-dimensional U-shape convolutional neural network (1D U-Net), and based our study on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as materials. To start, a simulated dataset composed of apparent absorbance and absorbance pairs was generated according to the Mie-theory for PMMA spheres. After a data augmentation procedure, this dataset was utilized to train the 1D U-Net aiming to transform the input apparent absorbance into the corrected absorbance. The performance of the artefact removal was evaluated by the hit-quality-index (HQI) between the corrected and the true absorbance. Based on the prediction and the HQI of two experimental and one simulated independent testing datasets, we could demonstrate that the network was able to retrieve the absorbance very well, even in cases where the absorbance is completely overwhelmed by extremely large 'artefacts'. As the testing datasets bear different patterns of absorbance and 'artefacts' to the training data, the promising correction also indicated a good generalization performance of the 1D U-Net. Finally, the reliability and computational mechanism of the trained network were illustrated via two interpretation approaches including a direct visualization of layer-wise outputs as well as a saliency-based method.
Determining Asymmetry Of A Weld Puddle (1992)

Diabetic neuropathy is not a single entity but manifests as several different clinical syndromes. It is likely that different pathophysiological mechanisms contribute to the development of the neuropathy, including metabolic alterations, microvascular changes, and inflammatory changes. A summary of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical aspects of different diabetic neuropathies are outlined in this article.
Lyapunov exponent: Towards randomness measure (2012)

We propose a method based on Lyapunov Exponente (LE) capable of measuring randomness of PRNGs (pseudo-random number generators). We study PRNG as discrete dynamical system, motivated by the strong relation between chaos and randomness. Results show good discrimination among PRNG parameters.
A Novel THz CMOS Chip Composed of 64 Antenna-Detectors Array toward 6G Applications (2022)

Extensive literature demonstrate that CMOS technology can be suitable for the realization of THz detector, with very high sensitivity. Recent results showed that a high detection velocity can be achieved using a proper detection architecture. These results, combined with the intrinsic low cost of the CMOS technology, allows to foreseen this as a suitable solution for the large market of the future 6G communication systems. In this paper the MOS detector is studied by TCAD simulations, in the light of the self-mixing model. Results show a new picture of the device functioning giving a new description of external response. This approach dramatically improves the comprehension of THz rectification performed by the MOSFET, for many years limited to the plasma waves model. The achieved comprehension of the interaction of the radiation with the silicon structure, offers a new possible approach to the system design. The knowledge of the self-mixing mechanisms allowed to perform an accurate design of the detection system presented in this paper. In particular, the THz detector, composed of an array of 64 rectifiars, each one integrated with an antenna, made in LFiS110 technology, is presented.
Immortalized Multipotential Mesenchymal Cells and the Hematopoietic Microenvironment (2001)

In an attempt to analyze the cellular and molecular basis of the capacity of bone marrow stromal cells to support hematopoiesis in culture, we developed a series of murine stromal cell lines from a single long-term bone marrow culture (BMC). The cytokines produced by these cells were analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques, ribonuclease protection assays (RPA) and RT-PCR. We examined the capacity of these cloned cell lines to replace primary bone marrow-derived stromal cells in long-term bone marrow cultures (LT-BMC) and sought correlations between the capacity to support hematopoiesis in culture with the production of known cytokines. These immortalized lines replicate many of the functions of the hematopoietic microenvironment. They express cytokines known to play a role in hematopoiesis. All of the lines constitutively express mRNA for PBSF (SDF-1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), FLT-3, thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin 7 (IL-7), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Most lines also express granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and G-CSF. They vary in their expression of IL-6, tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), TGF-beta2, and TNF-alpha. Growing these lines in the presence of cytokines that influence hematopoiesis alters the levels of cytokine message. The most striking effects were produced by TNF-alpha. In addition to the cytokine mRNAs, the cell lines express factors associated with bone formation such as osteoblast-specific factor-2 (OSF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1). They also express the neural cell-adhesion molecule neuropilin and neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Several of the lines can maintain hematopoiesis in culture, as measured by the continuous production of myeloid colony-forming cells (CFU-c), for months. This capacity to support hematopoiesis does not correlate with any pattern of cytokine expression. Several of these lines also support the growth of human hematopoietic cells, and human CFU-c can be detected in the cultures in which CD34(+) bone marrow cells (BMC) are cultured on murine stromal cells. No correlation between the production of any of the known cytokines and the ability to support murine hematopoiesis was detected. In addition, there was no correlation between the capacity to support murine hematopoiesis and the capacity to maintain human HSC. Despite repeated cloning, the lines remain heterogeneous and are capable of producing cells with the properties of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and myoblasts. In addition to the cytokine mRNAs, the cell lines express factors associated with bone formation such as OSF-2 and BMP-1. They also express the neural cell-adhesion molecule neuropilin and neurotrophic factors including NGF and BDNF.
FLO Physical Layer: An Overview (2007)

This paper provides an overview of the physical layer of the Forward Link Only (FLO) Air Interface. The FLO Air Interface is a key component of the MediaFLO system developed by QUALCOMM as an alternative mobile multicast technology for the efficient transmission of multiple multi-media streams to mobile devices using TV and multi-media channel bandwidths in VHF, UHF, or L-band. The main concepts and features of the FLO Air Interface including the modulation and coding techniques used, the frame structure, and the different sub-channels within the physical layer are described. The available data rates as well as other characteristics of FLO are also described. Finally, the performance of the FLO physical layer in representative channel environments is presented
Projeto e implementação em VLSI de uma rede neural auto-organizavel usando sintese automatica de auto nivel (1996)

Neste trabalho realiza-se o estudo do algoritmo SOFM (Self-Organizing Feature Map) para a sua Implementacao em circuitos digitais ASIC VLSI. Foram projetados e construidos 2 chips: o primeiro implementa uma celula da rede neural e o segundo o bloco WTA (Winner-takes-All). O sistema foi inicialmente simulado com uma linguagem procedural (ANSI-C), construindo-se um programa com interface grafica para plataforma UNIX. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma descricao em alto nivel usando a linguagem VHDL (Very high-speed circuits Hardware Description Language). Em seguida, a descricao foi feita a nivel RTL (Register Transfer LeveI) e o circuito foi sintetizado e otimizado seguindo uma metodologia Top-Down. Os circuitos foram implementados em tecnologia digital usando um processo CMOS de 1,2 microns para as celulas e de 0,8 microns para o bloco WTA. Esses circuitos foram objeto de testes e verificacao funcional, para avaliacao de seu desempenho. Os resultados permitiram verificar a validade da metodologia Top-Down para o projeto de sistema:; eletronicos complexos. A frequencia maxima de operacao das celulas excede 20 MHz e a do bloco WTA excede 50 MHz. A dissipacao de potencia para 20 MHz foi de aproximadamente 50 mW para uma celula. Todos os circuitos foram implementados usando ferramentas de projetos(CAD-EDA)da Mentor-Graphics Co,e bibliotecas std-cells CMOS AMS. Observaram-se algumas diferencas entre os resultados das simulacoes e as medidas experimentais 
Abstract
Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding an antigenic membrane protein fromActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaewith homology to ABC transporters (1999)

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for a highly contagious and often fatal form of bronchopneumonia in swine. Survival from a natural infection generally results in immunity from further infection by all 12 common serotypes, suggesting the presence of common protective antigens. We have identified one of the antigenic membrane proteins from A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5, and cloned the gene which encodes it. This gene is found in all 12 serotypes, and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 30 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that this antigen has a typical signal sequence characteristic of lipoproteins, and is likely to be secreted and inserted into the periplasmic side of the inner membrane. The gene shows high homology to the surface antigen CjaA of Campylobacter jejuni and to solute binding proteins of the ABC transporter family. The probable role of this protein in substrate binding and transport was supported by the presence of an upstream gene with significant homology to ATP binding proteins of the same family. In Escherichia coli, the cloned gene produced a protein which reacted strongly with convalescent sera from swine infected with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5, and weakly with sera from swine infected with serotype 1A or from swine vaccinated with a killed bacterin of serotype 1A or 5. It thus appears that this antigen displays some crossreactivity between serotypes, and may be less exposed in bacterins than in live cells. This protein, designated ApaA, may have an important role in nutrient acquisition and in the pathogenesis of infections caused by A. pleuropneumoniae.
Absorption of medium and long chain triglycerides: factors influencing their hydrolysis and transport. (1966)

Recent clinical observations have indicated that triglycerides containing medium chain fatty acids may be useful in decreasing steatorrhea associ- ated with malabsorptive states such as pancreatic insufficiency and extrahepatic biliary tract ob- struction (1, 2). This suggests that significant amounts of medium chain triglycerides may be ab- sorbed under conditions in which there are de- creased intraluminal concentrations of pancreatic enzymes or bile salts. However, few quantitative data are available regarding the intestinal hydroly- sis and the rate of absorption of medium chain tri- glycerides as compared to long chain triglycerides.
Health Related Quality of Life in Patients With Dysvascular Transtibial Amputation (2001)

Sixty adults with transtibial amputations completed a validated outcomes instrument assessing their prosthesis related quality of life. All had their amputations because of peripheral vascular disease or nonsalvageable diabetic foot infection. Of the patients, 46 were male and 14 were female. Forty-four had diabetes. All of the subjects used a prosthesis for a minimum of 6 months. The Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire measured prosthesis function (usefulness, residual limb health, and appearance), mobility (ambulation and transfers), psychosocial response (perceived responses, frustration, and social burden), well-being, and satisfaction. Scoring was accomplished using a linear analog scale, with poor responses rated as 0 and excellent responses rated as 100. Mobility scores were the lowest (ambulation, 55.3; transfer, 64.6). Functional scores were slightly better (usefulness, 65.7; residual limb health, 79.7; and appearance, 73.3). Psychosocial response scored best (perceived responses, 86.6; frustration, 69.1; and social burden, 66.4). The overall well-being scale graded at 67.0, and overall satisfaction scored at 65.2. Although experts in rehabilitation would expect function and mobility scores to be highest and psychosocial scores to be lowest, this population actually perceived the reverse to be true. These data provide realistic expectations for patients faced with transtibial amputation and a benchmark to measure newer treatment modalities or technical innovations.
Akhirin regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in intact and injured mouse spinal cord (2014)

Although the central nervous system is considered a comparatively static tissue with limited cell turnover, cells with stem cell properties have been isolated from most neural tissues. The spinal cord ependymal cells show neural stem cell potential in vitro and in vivo in injured spinal cord. However, very little is known regarding the ependymal niche in the mouse spinal cord. We previously reported that a secreted factor, chick Akhirin, is expressed in the ciliary marginal zone of the eye, where it works as a heterophilic cell-adhesion molecule. Here, we describe a new crucial function for mouse Akhirin (M-AKH) in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of progenitors in the mouse spinal cord. During embryonic spinal cord development, M-AKH is transiently expressed in the central canal ependymal cells, which possess latent neural stem cell properties. Targeted inactivation of the AKH gene in mice causes a reduction in the size of the spinal cord and decreases BrdU incorporation in the spinal cord. Remarkably, the expression patterns of ependymal niche molecules in AKH knockout (AKH-/-) mice are different from those of AKH+/+, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we provide evidence that AKH expression in the central canal is rapidly upregulated in the injured spinal cord. Taken together, these results indicate that M-AKH plays a crucial role in mouse spinal cord formation by regulating the ependymal niche in the central canal.