gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐195: Cerebral microbleeds in a phase 2 clinical trial of mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease with the gamma secretase inhibitor BMS‐708163 (2011)

Clinical trials of Aß lowering treatment in AD have directed attention to the prevalence/incidence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). The clinical significance of CMBs in AD and their possible association with amyloid lowering treatment needs investigation. This study determined the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for CMBs in a phase 2 dose finding and safety study of BMS-708163, a gamma secretase inhibitor designed for selective inhibition of amyloid beta (Aß) synthesis. Post-hoc analysis of a phase 2, six month placebo controlled multiple dose arm study of BMS-708163 in mild-to-moderate AD (MMSE 16-26, Hachinski score &< 4). This analysis included n = 175 subjects having centrally read MRI scans at baseline and week 24. The MRI protocol included a sagittal millimetric 3D T1 sequence, and axial T2*, T2 FLAIR and T2 Spin Echo sequences with 5 mm contiguous slices and no gap. CMBs were defined as focal T2* hypointensities of <10 mm. Analytic methods included descriptive statistics, with Fisher's Exact test, t-tests and Analysis of Covariance for comparison tests. At baseline, 26% of subjects had CMBs, 19% having one CMB and 7% having > 2 (range up to 122). Risk factors included a history of stroke and Apo E genotype. The incident rate of CMBs was 14% without significant differences (p>0.4) amongst the treatment arms (10% placebo, 13-19% across BMS-708163 treatment groups). The risk of incident CMBs was associated with the presence of baseline lesions. Of subjects with incident CMBs, 50% had 1, while 17% had >3 new lesions. There were no significant differences on clinical outcomes between the incident CMB + and CMB - groups nor within the aggregated BMS-708163 treatment group evaluated by incident CMB status (p>0.14 at Week 24). The prevalence rate and risk factors of CMBs in this trial (history of stroke, ApoE genotype) are consistent with other clinic studies, while the incident rate is higher. Treatment with BMS-708163 did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of incident CMBs, or with adverse clinical effects. However, this study sample is limited in size. More data are needed to further evaluate these potential relationships.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Field Effect Transistor Properties of Regioregular Poly(3-alkyl-2,5-selenylenevinylene) (2011)

Here we report the synthesis of novel poly(3-alkyl-2,5-selenylenevinylene)s (PSV) by the polymerization of 2,5-dibromo-3-alkylselenophene and (E)-1,2-bis(tributylstannyl)ethylene under microwave-assisted Stille coupling conditions. Polymers containing hexyl and decyl side chains were prepared. The decyl-substituted polymer exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents, and 1H NMR analysis indicated a side-chain regioregularity in excess of 90%. The polymer exhibits an absorption maxima at 621 nm in solution, with a significant red shift in absorption upon film formation. Thin film transistors fabricated from PSV exhibited hole carrier mobilities up to 0.01 cm2/(V s). The polymer displayed balanced ambipolar performance when hydroxyl free organic dielectrics were used as the gate insulator.
Mucins form a nanoscale material barrier against immune cell attack (2022)

ABSTRACT The cancer cell glycocalyx serves as a major line of defense against immune surveillance. However, how specific physical properties of the glycocalyx contribute to immune evasion and how these properties are regulated are not well understood. Here, we uncover how the surface density, glycosylation, and crosslinking of cancer-associated mucins contribute to the nanoscale material thickness of the glycocalyx, and further analyze the effect of the glycocalyx thickness on resistance to effector cell attack. Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity exhibits a near perfect inverse correlation with the glycocalyx thickness of target cells regardless of the specific glycan structures present. NK cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have an enhanced ability to breach the glycocalyx and kill target cells. Equipping the NK cell surface with a mucin-digesting enzyme also improves killing with a performance enhancement that rivals or exceeds CARs in some cases. Together, our results provide new considerations for improving cancer immunotherapies.
Multi-User Holographic MIMO Surfaces: Channel Modeling and Spectral Efficiency Analysis (2022)

The multi-user Holographic Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Surface (MU-HMIMOS) paradigm, which is capable of realizing large continuous apertures with minimal power consumption, has been recently considered as an energy-efficient solution for future wireless networks, offering increased flexibility in impacting electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation according to the desired communication, localization, and sensing objectives. The tractable channel modeling in MU-HMIMOS wireless systems is one of the most critical research challenges, mainly due to the coupling effect induced by the excessively large number of closely spaced patch antennas. In this paper, we focus on this challenge for the downlink of multi-user MIMO communications and extend an EM-compliant channel model to multi-user case, which is expressed in the wavenumber domain using the Fourier plane wave approximation. Based on the presented channel model, we investigate the spectral efficiency of maximum-ratio transmission and Zero-Forcing (ZF) precoding schemes. We also introduce a novel hardware efficient ZF precoder, leveraging Neumann series (NS) expansion to replace the required matrix inversion operation, which is very hard to be computed in the conventional way due to the extremely large number of patch antennas in the envisioned MU-HMIMOS communication systems. In comparison with the conventional independent and identical Rayleigh fading channels that ignore antenna coupling effects, the proposed EM-compliant channel model captures the mutual couplings induced by the very small antenna spacing. Our extensive performance evaluation results demonstrate that our theoretical performance expressions approximate sufficiently well the simulated achievable spectral efficiency with the considered linear precoding schemes, even for the highly correlated cases, thus verifying the effectiveness and robustness of the presented analytical framework. In addition, it is verified that the proposed NS-based ZF precoder achieves similar performance to conventional ZF, while requiring lower hardware complexity, thus, providing a hardware efficient solution for practical design of MU-HMIMOS communications systems.
Fracture healing in the rabbit fibula when subjected to various capacitively coupled electrical fields (1985)

The effect of capacitively coupled electrical stimulation on the healing of midshaft transverse osteotomies of the rabbit fibula is assessed roentgenographically, mechanically, and histologically. The results show that a dose-response curve for capacitive coupling and fracture healing exists and that a 220 mV, 250 microA, 60 kHz applied electrical signal (0.33 V/cm internal electric field) is the most effective signal for fracture stimulation in this model.
Synthesis and current–voltage characterization of tin dioxide varistors (1999)

An overview of the steady state electrical properties of tin dioxide varistors is presented. The varistors are manufactured in two ways: (1) a ceramic route by mixing and compaction of tin dioxide powder with various dopants and (2) a sol-gel method, where dopants are dispersed in their aqueous solutions. For a quantitative agreement with the experimental data, the electronic defect states in the bulk of the tin dioxide grains and at the grain boundary interfaces are studied. Scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction are employed to study the morphological and structural aspects of tin dioxide varistors. The effect of various sintering temperatures on their nonohmic or nonlinear characteristics was also investigated. The varistors prepared by the sol-gel method showed high nonlinearity, high density, and high threshold voltage properties than the ones produced by the ceramic route. This is probably due to a finer grain structure and a better densification of dopants along the grain boundaries.
In Vitro Study of Nicotine Release from Smokeless Tobacco (1998)

Four brands (Copenhagen Snuff, Skoal Bandit Classic, Skoal Wintergreen Long Cut, and Skoal Wintergreen Fine Cut) of smokeless tobacco products were tested for their rate of nicotine release into artificial saliva via direct contact or through a dialysis bag. Nicotine was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. When samples were in direct contact with artificial saliva, most of the nicotine was released from the tobacco in the first minute. Nicotine release from Skoal Bandit Classic, marketed as smokeless tobacco in a sachet, was slower with the sachet intact than without the sachet. When smokeless tobacco and artificial saliva were placed inside a dialysis bag, nicotine release was much slower and primarily depended upon the permeability of the dialysis membrane. Although total nicotine was lowest for Skoal Bandit Classic, little difference was seen in nicotine release rates among the brands tested. When smokeless tobacco was placed in dialysis bags with artificial saliva outside, a significant difference was seen in rates of nicotine migration through the membrane. In this model, nicotine release from Copenhagen Snuff was much faster than from Skoal Bandit Classic with or without the sachet. This difference may be related to the pH of the smokeless tobacco products.
The Pharmacophore of Short Cationic Antibacterial Peptides (2003)

Cationic antibacterial peptides have been proclaimed as new drugs against multiresistant bacteria. Their limited success so far is partially due to the size of the peptides, which gives rise to unresolved issues regarding administration, bioavailability, metabolic stability, and immunogenicity. We have systematically investigated the minimum antibacterial motif of cationic antibacterial peptides regarding charge and lipophilicity/bulk and found that the pharmacophore was surprisingly small, opening the opportunity for development of short antibacterial peptides for systemic use.
Real Time Power Equipment Meter Recognition Based on Deep Learning (2022)

Reading power equipment meters often requires loads of manpower, which is a trivial, repetitive and error-prone task. While conventional automated recognition methods using Computer Vision (CV) techniques are inflexible under diverse scenarios. In this paper we propose a lightweight meter recognition method that combines deep learning and traditional CV techniques for automated meter reading. For meter detection, an adaptive anchor and Global Context (GC) module are deployed to improve the feature extraction ability of lightweight backbone without increasing computational cost. Then a FPN and a PANet are developed to realize the information interaction between different feature layers and achieve multiscale prediction. Our method also includes a multi-task segmented network to read the detected meters, accelerating the detection speed. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve a detection speed of 123 FPS in GeForce GTX 1080 and can obtain an accuracy of 88.2% mAP50:95. In the case of insufficient training samples, the method can still achieve an accuracy of 80.9% mAP50:95. In addition, we build a Power Meter Images (PMI) dataset which contains 1800 images in real scene. The dataset and method we proposed can help with further upgrades of traditional substations. In the future, we also hope to extend the algorithm to edge computing cameras for substations. The newly developed dataset and code are available at https://github.com/zzfan3/electric&#x005F;meter&#x005F;detect&#x005F;recognize.
Selectivity of the .beta.-adrenergic receptor among Gs, Gi's, and Go: assay using recombinant .alpha. subunits in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles (1991)

The selective regulation of Gs (long and short forms), Gi's (1, 2, and 3), and Go by the beta-adrenergic receptor was assessed quantitatively after coreconstitution of purified receptor, purified G-protein beta gamma subunits, and individual recombinant G-protein alpha subunits that were expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Receptor and beta gamma subunits were incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, and the alpha subunits bound to the vesicles stoichiometrically with respect to beta gamma. Efficient regulation of alpha subunit by receptor required the presence of beta gamma. Regulation of G proteins was measured according to the stimulation of the initial rate of GTP gamma S binding, steady-state GTPase activity, and equilibrium GDP/GDP exchange. The assays yielded qualitatively similar results. GDP/GDP exchange was a first-order reaction for each subunit. The rate constant increased linearly with the concentration of agonist-liganded receptor, and the dependence of the rate constant on receptor concentration was a reproducible measurement of the efficiency with which receptor regulated each G protein. Reconstituted alpha s (long or short form) was stimulated by receptor to approximately the extent described previously for natural Gs. Both alpha i,1 and alpha i,3 were regulated with 25-33% of that efficiency. Stimulation of alpha o and alpha i,2 was weak, and stimulation of alpha o was barely detectable over its high basal exchange rate. Reduction of the receptor with dithiothreitol increased the exchange rates for all G proteins but did not alter the relative selectivity of the receptor.
MSE WALL DRAINAGE ALTERNATIVES (2001)

The use of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls has grown markedly in recent years, resulting in unparalleled opportunities for the geosynthetics industry. A challenge has been to continue to design and build MSE walls using sound engineering principles. No aspect of MSE wall design is overlooked as much as hydrologic design, because its impact on MSE wall performance is often underestimated. A recent study by the Geosynthetic Institute attributed a majority of the reported MSE wall failures to a lack of drainage and filtration. This article provides various drainage and filtration design alternatives for MSE walls, as well as their impact on the overall cost of MSE walls, in the hope that such problems can be minimized. Top, back, and front drainage are discussed, and cost/benefit analysis is provided.
A constructive inversion framework for twisted convolution (2005)

In this paper we develop constructive invertibility conditions for the twisted convolution. Our approach is based on splitting the twisted convolution with rational parameters into a finite number of weighted convolutions, which can be interpreted as another twisted convolution on a finite cyclic group. In analogy with the twisted convolution of finite discrete signals, we derive an anti-homomorphism between the sequence space and a suitable matrix algebra which preserves the algebraic structure. In this way, the problem reduces to the analysis of finite matrices whose entries are sequences supported on corresponding cosets. The invertibility condition then follows from Cramer's rule and Wiener's lemma for this special class of matrices. The problem results from a well known approach of studying the invertibility properties of the Gabor frame operator in the rational case. The presented approach gives further insights into Gabor frames. In particular, it can be applied for both the continuous (on $\Rd$) and the finite discrete setting. In the latter case, we obtain algorithmic schemes for directly computing the inverse of Gabor frame-type matrices equivalent to those known in the literature.
Turner, John ( c .1649–88?) (2000)

Turner, John John Turner was born in Cheapside, London, the son of Methusaleh Turner, and educated at St Paul’s School and Christ’s College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1670, and gaining his MA and becoming a Fellow in 1673. He left the College in debt by 1673, and by 1684 was described as Hospitall
Influence of the magnetic field on bandgap and chemical composition of zinc thin films prepared by sparking discharge process (2020)

We examine the influence of the magnetic field on the chemical reaction of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in sparking electric discharge of zinc wires. Samples are prepared on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and quartz substrates in the form of thin films at 0 T, 0.2 T and 0.4 T. Different chemical composition of thin-films prepared by sparking discharge was obtained and verified by XPS, Raman and Cyclic voltammetry. Carbon dioxide conversion to carbonates was observed for zinc sparked in CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen affecting crystallization of thin films was confirmed by XRD. Synthesis route for thin-film preparation used in this study is electric sparking discharge, convenient for fast ionization of metal and gasses. Band gap energy of thin films prepared by this method was starting from 2.81 eV and 4.24 eV, with the lowest band gaps prepared on ITO in 0.4 T. Dynamic mobility analysis (DMA) indicates smaller particles are fabricated by discharging zinc wires in a higher magnetic field. Nitridification of zinc nanoparticles occurred on 0.2 Tesla magnetic field strength and it was detectable even after XPS ion gun etching. Carbonation and nitridification of zinc thin films by sparking wires inside the magnetic field to observe the effect of the magnetic field on bandgap and chemical composition are confirmed by XPS.
Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing toxic organic substances (1998)

A review with 15 refs. with application examples, including mechanism of electrochem. oxidn. of org. compds. in aq. soln., anodic oxidn. of phenol over PbO2, characteristic parameters of electrochem. treatment, and economic considerations. [on SciFinder (R)]
Structure–property relationship of polyetherimide based on aromatic dianhydride and long alkyl chain containing aromatic diamines (2014)

A series of new poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) were synthesized from different commercially available dianhydrides like 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianyhride (BTDA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and diamines like 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)propane, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)butane, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)pentane, and 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)hexane by a typical two-step polymerization method. The structure of the monomers and PEIs prepared were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis. Solubility of the PEIs was tested in various organic solvents. Thermal properties of the PEIs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature corresponding to 5% ( T 5% ) and 10% ( T 10% ) weight loss are from 318°C to 418°C and from 380°C to 480°C, respectively. These PEIs exhibit glass transition temperature in the range of 195–245°C, very low water absorption (0.37–0.62%), and low dielectric constant (2.68–3.17) at 1 MHz. The PEIs film possessed good mechanical properties with tensile strength of 77–98 MPa, elongation at break of 8–13%, and tensile modulus of 1.5–2.2 GPa. These results imply that the synthesized PEIs are well suited to be used as dielectric materials. Based on these studies the structure–property relationships were established.
Student Reports on the 19th Ecumenical Student Conference on Christian World Missions (1962)

Interdenominational Theological students George Calvin and Ralph Allen (Gammon Theological Seminary), John Cabot (Morehouse School of Religion) and Thomas Hoyt Jr. (Phillips School of Theology) give presentations on their observations from the conference on Christian world missions. Their presentations include conference activities, worship services, lectures and reports from churches around the world.
Molecularly Engineered Intrinsically Healable and Stretchable Conducting Polymers (2017)

Advances in stretchable electronics concern engineering of materials with strain-accommodating architectures and fabrication of nanocomposites by embedding a conductive component into an elastomer. The development of organic conductors that can intrinsically stretch and repair themselves after mechanical damage is only in the early stages yet opens unprecedented opportunities for stretchable electronics. Such functional materials would allow extended lifetimes of electronics as well as simpler processing methods for fabricating stretchable electronics. Herein, we present a unique molecular approach to intrinsically stretchable and healable conjugated polymers. The simple yet versatile synthetic procedure enables one to fine-tune the electrical and mechanical properties without disrupting the electronic properties of the conjugated polymer. The designed material is comprised of a hydrogen-bonding graft copolymer with a conjugated backbone. The morphological changes, which are affected by the composition of functional side chains, and the solvent quality of the casting solution play a crucial role in the synthesis of highly stretchable and room-temperature healable conductive electronic materials.
Are Room Decontamination Units Needed to Prevent Transmission of Environmental Pathogens? (2011)

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ChemInform Abstract: Unique Diastereoselectivity Trends in Aminyl Radical Cyclizations onto Silyl Enol Ethers. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emerging role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (2021)

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was clinically exploited for decades, as most modern diuretics were obtained considering as lead molecule acetazolamide, the prototypical CA inhibitor (CAI). The discovery and characterization of multiple human CA (hCA) isoforms, 15 of which being known today, led to new applications of their inhibitors. They include widely clinically used antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and antiobesity agents, antitumor drugs in clinical development, as well as drugs for the management of acute mountain sickness and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Emerging roles of several CA isoforms in areas not generally connected to these enzymes were recently documented, such as in neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Proof-of-concept studies thus emerged by using isoform-selective inhibitors, which may lead to new clinical applications in such areas. Relevant preclinical models are available for these pathologies due to the availability of isoform-selective CAIs for all human isoforms, belonging to novel classes of compounds, such as coumarins, sulfocoumarins, dithiocarbamates, benzoxaboroles, apart the classical sulfonamide inhibitors. The inhibition of CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans or nematodes started recently to be considered for obtaining anti-infectives with a new mechanism of action.