gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization ofRhizoctoniaspp. Causing Disease of Leafy Spurge in the Northern Plains (1993)

Diseases of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) occurred widely in Montana and were also found in Colorado and North Dakota during the spring and summer of 1991. Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 was isolated from mature leafy spurge plants showing crown rot and necrotic root buds, whereas binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungi were isolated from stem cankers and blights. Pathogenicity of the Rhizoctonia strain to leafy spurge was tested by inoculating cut stems or by planting mature crowns or seed in a greenhouse soil mix artificially infested with the fungi. Five of six R. solani AG-4 strains, but only two of eight binucleate strains, were pathogenic on stems
Computational modelling of particle-fluid dynamics in comminution and classification: a review (2020)

Comminution and classification are the two major unit operations involved in the processing of pure minerals from its ore rocks. In the current paper, an assessment is made on different numerical models used for the prediction of fluid and solid flow properties in tumbling mill, hydrocyclone and dense medium cyclone (DMC). A detailed discussion on the selection of suitable turbulence and multiphase models for the accurate prediction of flow field in hydrocyclone is made by comparing the predictions among and against experimental data. The additional requirements for accurate performance predictions at high feed solid content is elaborated. The drawbacks of DPM model and the usage of CFD-DEM coupling technique to predict the coal partition curve in DMC’s has been elucidated. The discrepancies between DEM, CFD, one way and two way coupled CFD-DEM predicted mean flow field and particle dynamics against experimental measurements in tumbling mills also made in detail.
Post‐Translational Fate of Variant MOPC 315 λ Chains in Xenopus Oocytes and Mouse Myeloma Cells (1983)

The post-translational fates of three immunoglobulin lambda chain variants of MOPC 315 were investigated in mouse plasmacytoma cell lines and in mRNA-microinjected Xenopus oocytes. Quite unexpectedly we found that one non-secretory variant chain (lambda-43) underwent extensive post-translational N-glycosylation: however the presence of the oligosaccharide moiety did not account for the nonsecretory phenotype nor did it affect the rate of degradation of this lambda chain. Another variant chain (lambda-47) at first believed to be non-secretory, was found to be secreted from oocytes at a very low level, but mostly as a lambda-lambda dimer. In myeloma cells a low level of lambda-47 chain was secreted and again lambda-lambda dimers were the favoured secretory form. The secretory lambda-48 chain also formed lambda-lambda dimers, whereas lambda-43, which was never secreted, was only found as a monomeric lambda chain in both oocytes and myeloma cells. A similar relationship between assembly and secretion was found when oocytes were coinjected with MOPC 21 heavy (gamma 1) chain mRNA and MOPC 315 lambda chain mRNAs. The wild type lambda chain (lambda-48) was able to assemble with the gamma chain in a covalently bound tetramer (gamma gamma lambda lambda). The variant lambda-47 chain was also able to form gamma gamma lambda lambda tetramers, whereas the lambda-43 was not, even when glycosylation was prevented by tunicamycin. Both types of tetramer were secreted. These data reinforce the idea that conformational changes play a major role in the routing of secretory proteins and that the cellular mechanisms by which these changes are recognized are not cell-type specific.
Active phase mode locking in a cavity with a controllable Michelson interferometer (2019)

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the subnanosecond operating regime of a solid-state laser that uses active phase modulation for mode locking and Q-switching of the cavity. The output mirror of the laser cavity, which contains a solid-state quantron with continuous diode pumping, is made in the form of a controllable Michelson interferometer one of whose arms contains an electro-optic phase modulator that dynamically modulates the interferometer&#x2019;s transmission. The modulation consists of a fast harmonic nanosecond component for mode locking and a slow component in the form of a frequency sequence of microsecond pulses that control the width of the envelope of a train of nanosecond pulses. The paper describes the features of this cavity, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and discusses the prospects of developing the given technology for efficient pulse compression, with the possibility of controlling the pulse width by varying the electrical parameters of the electro-optic-modulator driver.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods for the Synthesis of Troponoid Compounds (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
System Thinking in a Personal Context to Improve Eating Behaviors (2003)

People can create positive environments so that their chances of relapse to poor habits are reduced and their likelihood of success is increased. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) suggests that this can be accomplished by making systemwide changes and deemphasizing personal effort. This article provides a 7-step approach to system thinking in a personal context. It offers a case study and other examples that show how to lose weight by making systemic changes in lifestyles. Learning about system thinking in a personal context also may help healthcare professionals understand the application of CQI within organizations.
Amino acid residue 247 in canine sulphotransferase SULT1D1: a new determinant of substrate selectivity (2004)

The SULT (sulphotransferase) family plays a critical role in the detoxification and activation of endogenous and exogenous compounds as well as in the regulation of steroid hormone actions and neurotransmitter functions. The structure-activity relationships of the human SULTs have been investigated with focus on the amino acid 146 in hSULT1A3 and its impact on dopamine/PNP (p-nitrophenol) specificity. In the present study, we have generated canine SULT1D1 (cSULT1D1) variants with mutations at amino acid residues in the substrate-binding pocket [A146E (Ala-146-->Glu), A146D, A146Q, I86D or D247L]. These mutation sites were chosen with regard to their possible contribution to the marked dopamine/PNP preference of cSULT1D1. After characterization, we found that the overall sulphation efficiencies for the cSULT1D1 A146 and the I86 mutants were strongly decreased for both substrates compared with wild-type cSULT1D1 but the substrate preference was unchanged. In contrast, the D247L mutant was found to be more than 21-fold better at sulphating PNP (120-fold decrease in K(m) value) but 54-fold less efficient in sulphating dopamine (8-fold increase in K(m) value) and the preference was switched from dopamine to PNP, indicating the importance of this amino acid in the dopamine/PNP preference in cSULT1D1. Our results show that Asp-247 has a pronounced effect on the substrate specificity of cSULT1D1 and thus we have identified a previously unrecognized contributor to active-site selectivity.
Study of torque ripple and noise for different rotor topologies of a synchronous reluctance machine (2015)

The use of electric machines as traction in electric vehicles raises the concern of the vibration and the noise level generated by the structure. Radial forces in the stator of electrical machines have a high contribution to these vibrations. This paper presents a coupled finite element method (FEM) for calculating the radial force, torque ripple and predict the acoustic noise in synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs). The knowledge of the modal parameters of the stator structure (mode shapes and natural frequencies) and the frequency spectrum of the radial magnetic force can be effectively used to design SynRMs with minimal noise through geometrical design variations at an early stage. An automatic process has been developed for designing a synchronous reluctance machine, to enable faster implementation of the geometry modifications and investigation of electromechanical properties while regarding also the problems related to noise. The practicality of the automation is demonstrated on modifying the rotor geometrical design for a SynRM that would apply for traction of small electric vehicles. The effect of the stator geometry or winding distribution on acoustic noise can also be analyzed with the model presented in this paper.
Annealing-dependent magnetic depth profile inGa1−xMnxAs (2004)

We have studied the depth-dependent magnetic and structural properties of as-grown and optimally annealed ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ films using polarized neutron reflectometry. In addition to increasing the total magnetization, the annealing process was observed to produce a significantly more homogeneous distribution of the magnetization. This difference in the films is attributed to the redistribution of Mn at interstitial sites during the annealing process. Also, we have seen evidence of significant magnetization depletion at the surface of both as-grown and annealed films.
Longitudinal increase in the volume of white matter hyperintensities in late‐onset depression (2002)

These results are consistent with cerebrovascular disease being a factor in the pathogenesis of late-onset depression (i.e. "vascular depression").
Effect of Gas Enrichment Above the MME on Oil Recovery in Enriched-Gas Floods (1999)

The interaction of phase behavior and flow, in the presence of dispersive mixing, is examined for 1-D four-component enriched-gas displacements. Numerical and analytical solutions demonstrate that oil recovery may be substantially increased by gas enrichment above the minimum enrichment for miscibility (MME). The level of increase is dependent on the level of dispersive mixing and the size and shape of the two-phase region.A critical gas enrichment (CGE) above the MME is defined that separates the multi-contact miscibility region into two regions: MCM1, when the gas lies within the region of tie-line extensions, and MCM2, when the gas lies outside. For enrichments below the CGE (in MCM1), oil recovery can increase significantly with enrichment. Above the CGE (in MCM2), oil recovery is not as sensitive to enrichment for the cases studied. Displacements in the MCM1 region exhibit a combined condensing and vaporizing mechanism, whereas displacements in the MCM2 region are purely condensing.
<title>Computer vision as a coupled system</title> (1990)

The important shortcomings of existing computer vision systems are addressed in this paper. A coupled systems approach towards designing computer vision systems is proposed as a means of overcoming these shortcomings. An object-oriented framework is shown to be a natural way of implementing coupled systems. Two important issues in the design of object-oriented systems are considered : (i) indexing in an object-oriented hierarchy and (ii) parallel implementation of constraint propagation techniques. The problem of three-dimensional object recognition from range images in multiple-object scenes with partial occlusion is chosen as a candidate problem. Experimental results are cited and future directions are proposed.
Kovalente anorganische Azide (1995)

Abstract Die Chemie der kovalenten anorganischen Azide geht auf die Synthese wäßriger HN 3 ‐Lösungen durch Tony Curtis im Jahr 1890 zurück. Wenig später, 1900, konnte bereits Iodazid IN 3 als erstes Glied der heute vollständigen Reihe der Halogenazide hergestellt werden. Obwohl es gelungen ist, neben HN 3 und dem stabilen Salz H 2 N 3 + SbF 6 − auch von Elementen der 13. bis 17. Gruppe Azidverbindungen herzustellen, in denen die N 3 ‐Gruppe als Pseudohalogen fungiert und überwiegend kovalent an das jeweilige Nichtmetall gebunden ist, sind bis heute neben einigen organischen Azidverbindungen hauptsächlich HN 3 , H 2 N 3 + und alle Halogenazide strukturell und bezüglich ihrer Bindungsverhältnisse eingehend studiert worden. Tatsächlich gelang es erst in den letzten Jahren durch Kombination von Beugungsmethoden (Röntgen‐ und Elektronenbeugung) und Mikrowellenspektroskopie mit modernen quantenchemischen Ansätzen wie Ab‐initio‐SCF‐ und Dichtefunktional‐Rechnungen, die Moleküleigenschaften etlicher, fast immer explosiver Nichtmetallazide besser zu verstehen. Gerade dieses Zusammenspiel von Theorie und Experiment hat die Weiterentwicklung der Azidchemie stark gefördert und der präparativen Synthese bisher nicht existenter Nichtmetallazide reale Chancen eröffnet.
Covalently bonded three-dimensional carbon nanotube solids via boron induced nanojunctions (2012)

The establishment of covalent junctions between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the modification of their straight tubular morphology are two strategies needed to successfully synthesize nanotube-based three-dimensional (3D) frameworks exhibiting superior material properties. Engineering such 3D structures in scalable synthetic processes still remains a challenge. This work pioneers the bulk synthesis of 3D macroscale nanotube elastic solids directly via a boron-doping strategy during chemical vapour deposition, which influences the formation of atomic-scale "elbow" junctions and nanotube covalent interconnections. Detailed elemental analysis revealed that the "elbow" junctions are preferred sites for excess boron atoms, indicating the role of boron and curvature in the junction formation mechanism, in agreement with our first principle theoretical calculations. Exploiting this material's ultra-light weight, super-hydrophobicity, high porosity, thermal stability, and mechanical flexibility, the strongly oleophilic sponge-like solids are demonstrated as unique reusable sorbent scaffolds able to efficiently remove oil from contaminated seawater even after repeated use.
The Effect of Short-Term Swiss Ball Training on Core Stability and Running Economy (2004)

Stanton, R., P. Reaburn, and B. Humphries. The effect of short-term Swiss ball training on core stability and running economy. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):522–528. 2004.—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a shortterm Swiss ball training on core stability and running economy. Eighteen young male athletes (15.5 ± 1.4 years; 62.5 ± 4.7 kg; Ε9 skinfolds 78.9 ± 28.2 mm; SymbolO2max 55.3 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·min-1) were divided into a control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 8) groups. Athletes were assessed before and after the training program for stature, body mass, core stability, electromyographic activity of the abdominal and back muscles, treadmill SymbolO2max, running economy, and running posture. The experimental group performed 2 Swiss ball training sessions per week for 6 weeks. Data analysis revealed a significant effect of Swiss ball training on core stability in the experimental group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for myoelectric activity of the abdominal and back muscles, treadmill SymbolO2max, running economy, or running posture in either group. It appears Swiss ball training may positively affect core stability without concomitant improvements in physical performance in young athletes. Specificity of exercise selection should be considered.Symbol
On-sun concentrator performance of GaInP/GaAs tandem cells (1996)

The GaInP/GaAs concentrator device has been adapted for and tested in a prototype "real-world" concentrator power system. The device achieved an on-sun efficiency of 27%/spl plusmn/1% in the range of approximately 80-400 suns with device operating temperatures of 32/spl deg/C to 50/spl deg/C. We discuss ways of further improving this performance for future devices.
The impact of emotions and predominant emotion regulation technique on driving performance (2012)

Emotion-provoking stimuli abound on modern roadways. Driving measures, of both longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle, have been shown to vary based on affective influences. Research, however, has yet to address how drivers' individual techniques to mitigate emotional reactions influence driving performance. To address this issue, the present study featured a dual-task protocol involving simulated driving together with processing of emotionally-valenced images with a focus on different Predominant Emotion Regulation Techniques (PERT): one adaptive strategy (task-focused coping) and one maladaptive style (emotion-focused coping). Dependent measures included mean driving speed and number of lane excursions. Results indicated that pleasant images degraded longitudinal control to the greatest extent, while unpleasant images produced the greatest detriment in lateral control. Additionally, individuals' PERT played a major interactive role in drivers' longitudinal control leading task-focused females and emotion-focused males to adhere more closely to the speed limit; yet, it did not affect their lateral control. Results hold important potential implications for the amount or variety of training necessary for driver licensure to promote and sustain safe vehicle control.
Protein and cell fourier transform infrared-attenuated total internal reflectance on silver halide fibers under reagent-accessible conditions (1994)

We describe a Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total internal reflectance (FTIR-ATR) technique for samples of 10 - 30 (mu) g deposited on a polycrystalline silver halide fiber. A protein deposit consists of approximately two molecular layers, for which the kinetics and extent of exchange with D<SUB>2</SUB>O/N<SUB>2</SUB> are readily measured. We have extended the technique in several ways. Formation of complexes with modest association constants by taking advantage of the combination of protein mobility on the fiber with the absence of water. Association is thus favored, and the rates and extent of deuterium-hydrogen exchange may be followed as well as conformational changes. Polarized spectra of red blood cell ghosts have been measured on a flattened silver halide fiber. The cells containing the silver halide fibers have a design that allows controllable access to the sample. In addition to requiring only small quantities for good spectra, the cell is readily cleaned and handled. We anticipate the application of these techniques to many other biological samples, including mutant proteins.
Channel parameter estimation in mobile radio environments using the SAGE algorithm (1999)

This study investigates the application potential of the SAGE (space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization) algorithm to jointly estimate the relative delay, incidence azimuth, Doppler frequency, and complex amplitude of impinging waves in mobile radio environments. The performance, i.e., high-resolution ability, accuracy, and convergence rate of the scheme, is assessed in synthetic and real macro- and pico-cellular channels. The results indicate that the scheme overcomes the resolution limitation inherent to classical techniques like the Fourier or beam-forming methods. In particular, it is shown that waves which exhibit an arbitrarily small difference in azimuth can be easily separated as long as their delays or Doppler frequencies differ by a fraction of the intrinsic resolution of the measurement equipment. Two waves are claimed to be separated when the mean-squared estimation errors (MSEEs) of the estimates of their parameters are close to the corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) derived in a scenario where only a single wave is impinging. The adverb easily means that the MSEEs rapidly approach the CLRBs, i.e., within less than 20 iteration cycles. Convergence of the log-likelihood sequence is achieved after approximately ten iteration cycles when the scheme is applied in real channels. In this use, the estimated dominant waves can be related to a scatterer/reflector in the propagation environment. The investigations demonstrate that the SAGE algorithm is a powerful high-resolution tool that can be successfully applied for parameter extraction from extensive channel measurement data, especially for the purpose of channel modeling.
Road-following with continuous learning (2002)

A neural network-based road-following system is proposed to take vision sensor input (road boundary images) and generate steering control output while maintaining the vehicle moving within road boundaries. Unlike many existing neural network-based systems that only use the supervised mode of neural learning, the proposed system also uses a reinforcement learning mode to eliminate the need for external supervision and at the same time provides the system with continuous learning ability similar to human driving practice. The simulation results demonstrate the system's good road-following and continuous learning capability. The future plans include a full scale simulation and the construction of a real system.
Random access with repeated contentions for emerging wireless technologies (2017)

In this paper we propose ReCo, a robust contention scheme for emerging wireless technologies, whose efficiency is not sensitive to the number of contending stations and to the settings of the contention parameters (such as the contention windows and retry limits). The idea is iterating a basic contention mechanism, devised to select a sub-set of stations among the contending ones, in consecutive elimination rounds, before performing a transmission attempt. Elimination rounds can be performed in the time or frequency domain, with different overheads, according to the physical capabilities of the nodes. Closed analytical formulas are given to dimension the number of contention rounds in order to achieve an arbitrary low collision probability. Simulation results and a real implementation for the time-domain solution demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of this approach in comparison to IEEE 802.11 DCF.
Polemonium reptans L. (2005)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/13792/thumbnail.jpg
Moisture Effects on Soil Reflectance (2002)

Models of soil reflectance under changing moisture conditions are needed to better quantify soil and vegetation properties from remote sensing. In this study, measurements of reflected shortwave radiation (400–2500 nm) were acquired in a laboratory setting for four different soils at various moisture contents. The observed changes in soil reflectance revealed a nonlinear dependence on moisture that was well described by an exponential model, and was similar for different soil types when moisture was expressed as degree of saturation. Reflectance saturated at much lower moisture contents in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral region than in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral region, suggesting that longer wavelengths are better suited for measuring volumetric moisture contents above ∼20%. To explore the potential of a general reflectance model based solely on dry reflectance and moisture, we employed a Monte Carlo analysis that accounted for observed variability in the measured spectra. Modeling results indicated that the SWIR region offers significant potential for relating moisture and reflectance on an operational basis, with uncertainties less than half as large as in the VNIR. The results of this study help to quantify the strong influence of moisture on spectral reflectance and absorption features, and should aid in the development of operational algorithms as well as more physically based models in the future.
Tuesday, December 12, 1710 (2015)

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Barium Titanate Ceramics with High Piezoelectricity Fabricated from Fibrous Particles (1985)

Barium titanate ceramics with high degrees of c‐axis orientation were fabricated from fibrous particles. The maximum piezoelectric constant, d 33 , obtained was ≅270 pC/N, which is much higher than values reported previously.