gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and properties of L-alanine dehydrogenase from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. (1983)

L-Alanine dehydrogenase was found to be widely distributed in Streptomyces species, and high enzyme activity was observed in Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from a cell-free extract of S. phaeochromogenes IFO 3149 by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Blue-Sepharose CL-4B and Sephadex G-200, and then crystallized. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 240, 000, and was composed of six identical subunits. The enzyme almost specifically catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-alanine. In the reductive aminating reaction, the enzyme acted on several 2-oxo acids. The enzyme required NAD+ as a co factor, and showed only slight activity with NADP+. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 10.0 in the deaminating reaction and at pH 8.0 in the aminating reaction.
Hole Burning, Stark-Effect and Holographic Image Storage (1987)

The technique of holographic spectral hole burning was used to characterize properties of potential recording materials for frequency and electric field selective data storage. Multiple storage of complex holograms was demonstrated.
Capillary flow experiments for thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of protein liquid-liquid phase separation (2021)

Liquid-liquid phase separation or LLPS of proteins is a field of mounting importance and the value of quantitative kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of LLPS is increasingly recognized. We present a method, Capflex, which allows rapid and accurate quantification of key parameters for LLPS: Dilute phase concentration, relative droplet size distributions, and the kinetics of droplet formation and maturation into amyloid fibrils. The binding affinity between the polypeptide undergoing LLPS and LLPS-modulating compounds can also be determined. We apply Capflex to characterize the LLPS of Human DEAD-box helicase-4 and the coacervate system ssDNA/RP<sub>3</sub>. Furthermore, we study LLPS and the aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transition of α-synuclein. We quantitatively measure the decrease in dilute phase concentration as the LLPS of α-synuclein is followed by the formation of Thioflavin-T positive amyloid aggregates. The high information content, throughput and the versatility of Capflex makes it a valuable tool for characterizing biomolecular LLPS.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES A STUDY OF 39 PATIENTS (1973)

From the Division of Gastroenterology in the Department of Medicine and from the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
A study of indoor carbon dioxide levels and sick leave among office workers (2002)

The CO2 differential was in the range of very low values, as compared with the ASHRAE recommended maximum differential of 700 ppm. Although no effect was found, this study was unable to test whether higher CO2 differentials may be associated with increased sick leave.
Microsporum gypseum Infection in Kochi Prefecture (1978)

高知市およびその周辺におけるMicrosporum gypseumによる白癬の12例を報告した。病型別にみると斑状小水疱状白癬9例, ケルスス禿瘡1例, 頭部白癬1例, 頑癬1例であつた。自験例を中心にM. gypseumおよびM. canisによる皮疹の特徴について若干の検討をおこなつた。両者間には体部白癬において相違があり, M. gypseumでは環状皮疹は単発性に生じやや大型であるのに比し, M. canisでは多発性に発症することが多く, 皮疹は比較的小型であつた。また, M. canisでは家族内感染が濃厚であつた。両者とも一般に中心治癒傾向に乏しいが, 炎症症状はM. gypseumのほうが激しいようであつた。
Combined action of enalapril or timolol with hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride in hypertension. (1987)

59 mild to moderate hypertensives were treated for four weeks with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg of amiloride, then concomitantly with these diuretics with either enalapril (10-20 mg) or timolol (10-20 mg) in two parallel treatment groups for an additional 12 weeks in an open study. Addition of these drugs lowered the blood pressure by 25 +/- 3/16 +/- 2 mm Hg and 15 +/- 3/14 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively. The difference of the reduction of the systolic blood pressure between enalapril and timolol group at the end of the combined treatment was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The mean serum potassium was elevated by 0.3 mmol/l after addition of enalapril to the diuretic treatment, but none of the patients developed hyperkalaemia. No adverse effects on other routine laboratory values were observed. Both drug combinations can be considered efficient, well tolerated and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.
Self-Assembled, Adjuvant/Antigen-Based Nanovaccine Mediates Anti-Tumor Immune Response Against Melanoma Tumor (2018)

Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive type of cancer that requires radical treatment strategies to inhibit the cancer cell progression and metastasis. In recent years, preclinical research and clinical trials on melanoma treatment are considerably focused on the adjuvant-based immunotherapy for enhancing the immune response of innate immune cells against cancer cells. However, the clinical outcome of these adjuvant-based treatments are inadequate due to improper delivery system for these immune activators to reach the target site. Hence, we developed a vaccine formulation containing tumor lysate protein (TL) and poly I:C (PIC) complexed with positively charged poly (sorbitol-co- polyethylenimine (PEI)(PSPEI). The resulting ionic PSPEI-polyplexed antigen/adjuvant (PAA) (PSPEI-PAA) nanocomplexes were stable at the physiological condition, non-toxic and&amp;nbsp; enhanced intracellular uptake in immature dendritic cells. In murine B16F10 tumor xenograft model, PSPEI-PAA nanocomplexes significantly suppressed tumor growth and did not exhibit any noticeable sign of toxicity. Additionally, the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) assay involving co-culturing of splenocytes isolated from the PSPEI-PAA-treated mice with that of B16F10 cells significantly revealed enhanced cancer killing by the TL-reactivated CTLs compared to untreated control mice bearing tumor. Therefore, we strongly believe that PSPEI-PAA nanocomplexes could be an efficient antigen/adjuvant delivery system and also enhance the antitumor immune response against melanoma tumor in the future clinical trials.
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Impacts Cancer Stem Cells and Induces Epithelial-Mesenchyme Transition of Head and Neck Cancer (2013)

The genome is organized and packed into the nucleus through interactions with core histone proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that tumors are highly responsive to epigenetic alterations that induce chromatin-based events and dynamically influence tumor behavior. We examined chromatin organization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using acetylation levels of histone 3 as a marker of chromatin compaction. Compared to control oral keratinocytes, we found that HNSCC cells are hypoacetylated and that microenvironmental cues (e.g., microvasculature endothelial cells) induce tumor acetylation. Furthermore, we found that chemical inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) reduces the number of cancer stem cells (CSC) and inhibits clonogenic sphere formation. Paradoxically, inhibition of HDAC also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HNSCC cells, accumulation of BMI-1, an oncogene associated with tumor aggressiveness, and expression of the vimentin mesenchymal marker. Importantly, we observed co-expression of vimentin and acetylated histone 3 at the invasion front of human HNSCC tumor tissues. Collectively, these findings suggest that environmental cues, such as endothelial cell-secreted factors, modulate tumor plasticity by limiting the population of CSC and inducing EMT. Therefore, inhibition of HDAC may constitute a novel strategy to disrupt the population of CSC in head and neck tumors to create a homogeneous population of cancer cells with biologically defined signatures and predictable behavior.
Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pediatric Subjects using Surface Lead Electrocardiogram Features (2004)

The ability to correctly identify 12 out of 14 cases of OSA (with the 2 false negatives arising from subjects with an apnea-hypopnea index less than 10) indicates that the automated apnea classification system outlined may have clinical utility in pediatric patients.
Neural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection and Research (Neuroscience Center of Excellence). (1998)

Abstract : As a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemia, and seizures, neurotransmitters are released and, in turn, generate an overproduction of second messengers. A key player in excitotoxic neuronal damage is the excitatory amino acid, glutumate (Olney, 1986; Rothman and Olney, 1986; Choi, 1988), which is released and accumulates in brain after TBI (Faden et al., 1989; Katayama et al., 1990; Nilsson et al., 1990) and ischemia (Benveniste et a'., 1984; Meidrum, 1990; Mitani et al., 1990; Christensen et al., 1991). Olutamate triggers increased permeation of calcium mediated by NMDA receptors and activation of many calcium dependent signaling pathways. Calcium-mediated activation of PLA2 and release of arachidonic acid (AA) are among the membrane lipid-derived signaling systems activated at the onset of these various forms of neurotrauma, which involve the over-release of neurotransmitters, the stimulation of post-synaptic receptors, and the subsequent accumulation of abnormally high concentrations of second messengers (Bazan et al., 1993; 1995). In our laboratory as well as in others, research has focused on the generation of injury mediators linked to the activation of calcium-dependent PLA2, the release of phospholipid derived bioactive lipid molecules, including free AA and platelet-activating factor (PAF), and the signaling pathways activated as a consequence (Bazan et al., 1991; 1994; 1995; Bonventre, 1996; Farooqui et al.,1997). PAF, in turn, promotes the expression of early genes (c-fos, c-jun, Zif 268) and others acting as early genes, such as the inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 (Marcheselli and Bazan, 1994; 1996). The activation of COX-2 (PGHS-2) leads to a delayed accumulation of prostaglandins that, either per se or through the free radicals generated during their synthesis, activate a cascade of events leading to DNA degradation and cell death through apoptosis (Bazan, 1997).
Imatinib mesylate discontinuation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in complete molecular remission for more than 2 years (2006)

In the present study, we address the issue of the discontinuation of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in chronic myelogenous leukemia with undetectable residual disease for more than 2 years. Twelve patients were included. The median duration of real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) negativity and imatinib therapy were, respectively, 32 months (range, 24-46 months) and 45 months (range, 32-56 months) before imatinib interruption. Six patients displayed a molecular relapse with a detectable BCR-ABL transcript at 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months. Imatinib was then reintroduced and led to a novel molecular response in most patients. Six other patients (50%) still have an undetectable level of BCR-ABL transcript after a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 9-24 months). We hypothesize that relapses observed within 6 months reflect the kinetics of undetectable dividing chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Those cells may be eradicated or controlled in long-term nonrelapsing patients, as described in our study.
The Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) nomenclature system: current status after 10 years of its establishment (2012)

absent
Microstructure and Optoelectronic Properties of P3HT-b-P4VP/PCBM Blends: Impact of PCBM on the Copolymer Self-Assembly (2013)

Block copolymers have been widely investigated over the past decades for their ability to microphase separate into well-defined nanostructured thin films with tailored physical properties. The aim of the present study is to investigate the thin film properties of rod–coil block copolymer/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends as a function of the blend weight ratio, using a copolymer which is based on a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) rod block and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) coil block. Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis are used to study the influence of PCBM on the copolymer self-assembling. UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies as well as field-effect mobility measurements are performed in order to get further insight into the blend optoelectronic properties. It is found that the block copolymer phase-separated morphology and charge carrier mobilities strongly depend on the PCBM loading and thermal annealing. In particular, the results point out that PCBM enhances the block copolymer microphase separation within a narrow range of the polymer:PCBM weight ratio. In addition, clear evidence for PCBM accumulation within the P4VP domains is found by monitoring the P3HT fluorescence and charge carrier mobilities.
Isolation and Properties of Stachyrase A, a Chymotrypsin-Like Serine Proteinase from Stachybotrys chartarum (2002)

A strain of the common mold Stachybotrys chartarum has been isolated from the lung of a child with pulmonary hemorrhage. We report the purification of stachyrase A, a new serine chymotrypsin-like proteinase from S. chartarum. This enzyme cleaves major protease inhibitors, several biologically active peptides, and collagen, all of which are found in the lung.
Differences Between Charge Trapping States in Irradiated Nano-Crystalline HfO$_{2}$ and Non-Crystalline Hf Silicates (2006)

This paper provides an explanation for qualitative differences between radiation-induced charge trapping states in nano-crystalline HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and non-crystalline Hf silicate alloys in high-kappa gate stacks by combining electrical measurements with spectroscopic studies and theory. Differences in the observed electrical response to X-ray and gamma-ray irradiation are consistent with fundamental differences in electronic structures between high-kappa dielectrics that are nano-crystalline and have a film thickness in excess of 4 nm, and high-kappa dielectrics that are non-crystalline and devoid of grain boundaries. Oxygen vacancy and interstitial defects are shown to be natural candidates for the electron and hole traps in these high-kappa dielectrics
Tuning Cellular Uptake of Molecular Probes by Rational Design of Their Assembly into Supramolecular Nanoprobes (2016)

Intracellular sensing of pathologically relevant biomolecules could provide essential information for accurate evaluation of disease staging and progression, yet the poor cellular uptake of water-soluble molecular probes limits their use as protease sensors. In other cases such as extracellular sensing, cellular uptake should be effectively inhibited. Self-assembly of molecular probes into supramolecular nanoprobes presents a potential strategy to alter their interaction mechanisms with cells to promote or reduce their cellular uptake. Here, we report on the design, synthesis, and assembly of peptide-based molecular beacons into supramolecular protease sensors of either spherical or filamentous shapes. We found that positively charged spherical nanobeacons demonstrate much higher cellular uptake efficiency than its monomeric form, thus making them most suitable for intracellular sensing of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B. Our results also suggest that assembly into filamentous nanobeacons significantly reduces their internalization by cancer cells, an important property that can be utilized for probing extracellular protease activities. These studies provide important guiding principles for rational design of supramolecular nanoprobes with tunable cellular uptake characteristics.
Chemoenzymatic approach to the preparation of regioselectively modified cyclodextrins. The substrate specificity of the enzyme cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) (1991)

The synthesis of α-maltosyl fluorides substituted at the 6- or 6′-position with H, F, Br, OMe, OAc is described, together with the preparation of the 4-thio-α-maltosyl fluoride and 5-thin-α-D-glucosyl fluoride. These compounds were obtained by chemical or enzymatic procedures and their structures have been established by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The glycosyl fluorides have been tested as substrates for the enzyme CGTase under coupling and condensation conditions. It has been found that all the compounds tested are substrates in coupling reactions. Only three of them led to higher oligosaccharides with a modified maltosyl residue as repeating unit, but only the 6′-O-Me and 6′-O-acetyl fluorides were transformed into cyclic compounds. Under the conditions used, 6A, 6C, 6E-tri-O-methylcyclomaltohexaose, 6A, 6C, 6E-tri-O-methylcyclomaltoheptaose, and 6A, 6C, 6E, 6G-tetra-O-methylcyclomaltooctaose were isolated in 42, 13 and 16% yield, respectively. The 6′-O-acetylmaltosyl fluoride afforded 6A, 6C, 6E-tri-O-acetylcyclomaltohexaose and a mixture of partially acetylated cyclomaltoheptaoses in only low yields.By this approach, new insights have been obtained on the specificity of the catalytic site of CGTase of Bacillus macerans and new routes for the preparation of regioselectively modified cyclodextrins have been developed.
Impact of the biomolecular corona on the structure of PEGylated liposomes (2017)

Driven by the promises of gene therapy, PEGylated cationic liposomes (CLs) have been investigated for decades, but their use in the clinical setting is far from established. Such a dichotomy is due to several factors that have been ignored over the last two decades. The hardest challenge seems to occur when PEGylated CLs come into contact with a physiological environment (e.g. the blood). Recent evidence has demonstrated that PEGylation does not completely prevent protein binding (as believed so far), but a biomolecular shell, termed "biomolecular corona" (BC), covers the liposome surface. Here we show that the formation of a BC not only affects the surface properties of PEGylated CLs, but also, and significantly, their bilayer structure thus impairing their ability to safely deliver their cargo to the target site. Therefore, a mechanistic understanding of the structures emerging from liposome-protein interactions may represent a truly new paradigm for the clinical translation of PEGylated CLs.
Adaptation of Alphaviruses to Heparan Sulfate: Interaction of Sindbis and Semliki Forest Viruses with Liposomes Containing Lipid-Conjugated Heparin (2002)

Passage of Sindbis virus (SIN) in BHK-21 cells has been shown to select for virus mutants with high affinity for the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). Three loci in the viral spike protein E2 (E2:1, E2:70, and E2:114) have been identified that mutate during adaptation and independently confer on the virus the ability to bind to cell surface HS (W. B. Klimstra, K. D. Ryman, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 72:7357-7366, 1998). In this study, we used HS-adapted SIN mutants to evaluate a new model system involving target liposomes containing lipid-conjugated heparin (HepPE) as an HS receptor analog for the virus. HS-adapted SIN, but not nonadapted wild-type SIN TR339, interacted efficiently with HepPE-containing liposomes at neutral pH. Binding was competitively inhibited by soluble heparin. Despite the efficient binding of HS-adapted SIN to HepPE-containing liposomes at neutral pH, there was no fusion under these conditions. Fusion did occur, however, at low pH, consistent with cellular entry of the virus via acidic endosomes. At low pH, wild-type or HS-adapted SIN underwent fusion with liposomes with or without HepPE with similar kinetics, suggesting that interaction with the HS receptor analog at neutral pH has little influence on subsequent fusion of SIN at low pH. Finally, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), passaged frequently on BHK-21 cells, also interacted efficiently with HepPE-containing liposomes, indicating that SFV, like other alphaviruses, readily adapts to cell surface HS. In conclusion, the liposomal model system presented in this paper may serve as a novel tool for the study of receptor interactions and membrane fusion properties of HS-interacting enveloped viruses.
Shielding measurements of the space shuttle (part II - testing the nasa endeavour) (2006)

Testing was conducted on the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter, Endeavour, to determine the high frequency shielding capability of three major cavities; the flight deck, the mid-deck/crew quarters and the payload bay.Testing was performed using highly modified reverberation techniques.The hangar at the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center served as the "reverberation chamber" for the spacecraft.An account of the test method is presented in detail, along with setup diagrams, photos, and graphs of the shielding measurements.
Pilot Study of a “Large-Eye,” Surgically Induced Dry Eye Rabbit Model by Selective Removal of the Harderian, Lacrimal, and Meibomian Glands (2017)

Surgical removal of either the Harderian or lacrimal gland results in statistically significant decreases in tear volume and the development of severe DE. Removal of both glands results in the occurrence of a DE of comparable severity/duration to removal of either the lacrimal or Harderian gland alone. Meibomian gland obstruction contributes less to the DE model.
Tyrosine polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐micelle magnetic resonance contrast agent for the detection of lipid rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque (2009)

Vulnerable or high-risk atherosclerotic plaques often exhibit large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps that can lead to deadly vascular events when they rupture. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelles that incorporate a gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) amphiphile were used as an MR contrast agent. In an approach inspired by lipoproteins, the micelles were functionalized with tyrosine residues, an aromatic, lipophilic amino acid, to reach the lipid-rich areas of atherosclerotic plaque in a highly efficient manner. These micelles were applied to apolipoprotein E(-/-) (ApoE(-/-)) mice as a model of atherosclerosis. The abdominal aortas of the animals were imaged using T(1)-weighted (T(1)W) high-resolution MRI at 9.4T before and up to 48 h after the administration of the micelles. PEG-micelles modified with 15% tyrosine residues yielded a significant enhancement of the abdominal aortic wall at 6 and 24 h postinjection (pi) as compared to unmodified micelles. Fluorescence microscopy on histological sections of the abdominal aorta showed a correlation between lipid-rich areas and the distribution of the functionalized contrast agent in plaque. Using a simple approach, we demonstrated that lipid-rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE(-/-) mice can be detected by MRI using Gd-DTPA micelles.
Noise Reconstruction and Removal Network: a New Way to Denoise FIB-SEM Image (2022)

Recent advances in Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) have led to unprecedented biological tissue visualization and analysis, as well as understanding of cellular ultrastructure and cell-cell interactions [1].High-resolution FIB-SEM data sets often consist of volumes sliced into thousands of 6K×4K images with 4nm/voxel resolution, allowing a 3D reconstruction of a fraction of tissue volume.Depending on the tissue type, sample preparation, acquisition settings, detector used, etc., the images may contain a significant quantity of noise making any further analysis tedious or even impossible.