gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System architecture for a multi-media enabled mobile terminal (2005)

A system architecture for mobile terminals is proposed, in which the signal processing for the cellular communications channel and the associated protocol stack processing are implemented independent of the application system, which handles audio and video processing functions and the user interface. This approach enables the use of open operating systems for the application system and the integration of connectivity communication pipes into the system, while maintaining the integrity and huge investment in the protocol stack software of the cellular subsystem. High speed digital serial links are used to connect the processing subsystems and the video peripherals. This improves the modularity of the solution and gives the equipment manufacturers increased flexibility.
Accuracy of Differential Shift Estimation by Correlation and Split-Bandwidth Interferometry for Wideband and Delta-k SAR Systems (2005)

Estimation of differential shift of image elements between two synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is the basis for many applications, like digital elevation model generation or ground motion mapping. The shift measurement can be done nonambiguously on the macro scale at an accuracy depending on the range resolution of the system or on the micro scale by employing interferometric methods. The latter suffers from phase cycle ambiguities and requires phase unwrapping. Modern wideband high-resolution SAR systems boast resolutions as small as a few tens of a wavelength. If sufficiently many samples are used for macro-scale shift estimation, the accuracy can be increased to a small fraction of a resolution cell and even in the order of a wavelength. Then, accurate absolute ranging becomes precise enough to support phase unwrapping or even make it obsolete. This letter establishes a few fundamental equations on the accuracy bounds of shift estimation accuracy for several algorithms: coherent speckle correlation, incoherent speckle correlation, split-band interferometry, a multifrequency approach, and correlation of point scatterers in clutter. It is shown that the performance of split-band interferometry is close to the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound for a broad variety of bandwidth ratios. Based on these findings, Delta-k systems are proposed to best take advantage of the available radar bandwidth.
Cultured Epithelial Autografts (1991)

Eighteen patients with major burns (mean total body surface area burned was 49% and mean total body surface area with full-thickness burns was 38%) had cultured epithelial autografts applied to 2% to 35% of the body surface area. In six patients successful "take" of greater than 65% occurred, and in 12 patients less than 40% "take" occurred. Most wounds underwent early excision to subcutaneous fat or fascia, and the wounds of 16 patients had been treated previously with homograft. Cultured epithelial autografts were covered with either single or multilayered dressings. Perioperative wound cultures showed that all patients had microorganisms, and appropriate perioperative antibiotic coverage of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was noted less frequently in the poor take group, which may have influenced subsequent cultured epithelial allograft take. Adherence and stability of cultured epithelial allografts lag behind adherence and stability of meshed split-thickness autograft. The anterior trunk and thighs are the best recipient sites. The number of autograft harvests that were required to close wounds and the length of hospital stay were not significantly decreased by the use of cultured epithelial allografts as compared with comparable full-thickness burns that were treated previously without cultured epithelial allografts. Presently, grafting with cultured epithelial allografts is an adjunct but not an alternative to conventional burn-wound coverage with split-thickness autograft, because engraftment is inconsistent.
Complete Nucleotide Sequences of Two NDM-1-Encoding Plasmids from the Same Sequence Type 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain (2014)

The sequence type 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain Kpn-3002cz was confirmed to harbor two NDM-1-encoding plasmids, pB-3002cz and pS-3002cz. pB-3002cz (97,649 bp) displayed extensive sequence similarity with the blaNDM-1-carrying plasmid pKPX-1. pS-3002cz (73,581 bp) was found to consist of an IncR-related sequence (13,535 bp) and a mosaic region (60,046 bp). A 40,233-bp sequence of pS-3002cz was identical to the mosaic region of pB-3002cz, indicating the en bloc acquisition of the NDM-1-encoding region from one plasmid by the other.
Cardiopulmonary arrest following penetrating trauma: guidelines for emergency hospital management of presumed exsanguination. (1987)

Exsanguination may be presumed in pale, mottled, unresponsive trauma victims with no palpable pulse nor spontaneous respirations with noncranial penetrating wounds. Under ideal circumstances, those victims initially witnessed to have some signs of life can be successfully revived in 5 to 25% of cases. The chance for a successful outcome influences the decision to initiate resuscitation and depends on the mode of injury, anatomic location of the wound, and elapsed time until presentation as well as the organization of the available facilities and personnel. The resuscitative algorithm for presumed exsanguination is markedly different from the ACLS guidelines for cardiogenic arrest and requires some degree of surgical expertise. After confirming the witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest from presumed exsanguination, the four phases of resuscitation are restoring central oxygenation, controlling internal hemorrhage, re-establishing spontaneous cardiac function, and definitively repairing the injury. Regardless of the type or location of the noncranial penetrating injury, these phases must be accomplished sequentially to minimize the risks of cerebral and cardiac anoxia.
Pulmonary toxicity of Fe2O3, ZnFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and NiZnFe4O8 nanomaterials: Inflammation and DNA strand breaks (2019)

Exposure to metal oxide nanomaterials potentially occurs at the workplace. We investigated the toxicity of two Fe-oxides: Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and nanorods; and three MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinels: NiZnFe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Mice were dosed 14, 43 or 128 μg by intratracheal instillation. Recovery periods were 1, 3, or 28 days. Inflammation - neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid - occurred for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> rods (1 day), ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (1, 3 days), NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (1, 3, 28 days), Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (28 days) and NiZnFe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (28 days). Conversion of mass-dose into specific surface-area-dose showed that inflammation correlated with deposited surface area and consequently, all these nanomaterials belong to the so-called low-solubility, low-toxicity class. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks were observed for both Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles and rods, in BAL cells three days post-exposure. To our knowledge, this is, besides magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), the first study of the pulmonary toxicity of MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel nanomaterials.
Refined Kalman smoothing for decoding real convolutional codes (2002)

Real number convolutional codes can be corrected by time-varying smoothed Kalman estimation. The smoothing process can be truncated whenever the tracking innovations fall below a precomputed matrix norm.
Computationally-efficient finite-element-based thermal models of electric machines (2011)

Knowledge of the internal temperatures of an electric machine under real-time operating conditions would be extremely useful in order to determine its torque capabilities. This knowledge is also useful for full-scale electric vehicle simulation and optimization. In this paper we present a technique for developing computationally-efficient thermal models for electric machines that can be used for real-time thermal observers and vehicle-level simulation and optimization. The technique is based upon simulating the eigenmode of the system as determined by finite element analysis. The order of the model is then dramatically reduced in two ways. First, the extent of excitation of each mode is calculated, and only eigenmodes that are significantly excited are included in the dynamic model; other eigenmodes are treated as static modes. Second, only a few “hot spots” in various regions are chosen. The result is a thermal model that can accurately model internal temperatures of the machine while requiring the modeling of only a handful of states. Such a model can be used in vehicle simulations, or for real-time observers in actual vehicles. The computation time of the model presented in this paper is dramatically reduced compared with a typical full-order finite element model.
Heightened Innate Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection in CKD: Implications to Poorer Outcome During CKD (2021)

Background: Meta-analyses reveal show a significant association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with severe COVID-19. The double stranded RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 can evoke a damaging inflammatory response. To understand the mechanism for the greater severity of the disease in patients with CKD, we studied an animal model of CKD exposed to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA that recapitulates the innate immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2]. Methods: C57Bl6j mice were injected with 2 doses of cisplatin at 15 mg / kg or vehicle control subcutaneously, 2 weeks apart. After CKD established, control and CKD mice were subsequently injected with poly(I:C) at 30 mg/kg intravenously and monitored for body weight loss and mortality. Bone marrow cells were isolated 2 weeks post poly(I:C) treatment and grown in serum-free medium supplemented with macrophage colony stimulation factor for 7 days to obtain bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). These cells were stimulated with 10 ug / ml poly (I:C), followed by measurement of proinflammatory cytokines. Single cell RNA sequencing was used to compare transcriptome between normal and CKD kidneys. Results: CKD animals had elevated plasma creatinine (0.14 ± 0.02 mg / dL, n=8, control mice 0.09 ± 0.01 mg / dL, n=5, p<0.05) and elevated plasma levels kidney injury marker 1 (KIM-1;133.6 ± 29.9 pg /ml, vs undetectable, n=5, p<0.05). Poly (I:C) treatment induced a greater body weight loss in CKD animals (9.9± 2.9 %, n=8 vs control mice 6.8 ± 2.0 %, n=5, p<0.0005) and greater mortality of CKD mice (46% mortality within 24h in CDK mice vs no mortality in control mice). BMDMs from CKD mice produced greater levels of IL-6 than control BMDM upon poly (I:C) stimulation at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, Single cell RNA sequencing revealed that there is 3-fold higher relative number of macrophages in CKD kidneys. Conclusions: Our results show that CKD mice are more sensitive to foreign double strand RNA insult. BMDM isolated from cisplatin-induced CKD demonstrated a greater innate immune response during CKD. We propose that the inherent hyperinflammatory nature of CKD drives a greater innate immune response in this model of viral injury and may be responsible, at least partially, for the poor outcomes in CKD patients with Covid-19 infection.
Permeability enhancement through hydraulic fracturing: laboratory measurements combining a 3D printed jacket and pore fluid over-pressure (2019)

The process of hydraulic fracture is well known in both natural (e.g. veining and mineralisation) and engineered environments (e.g. stimulating tight mudrocks and sandstones to boost their hydraulic properties). Here, we report a method and preliminary data that simulates both tensile fracture and fluid flow at elevated pressures. To achieve this we developed a sample assembly consisting of a cylindrical core drilled with an axial borehole encapsulated in a 3D printed jacket permitting fluid from the borehole to move through the freshly generated tensile fracture to a voluometer. The permeability of Nash Point Shale increases from a pre-fracture value of 10<sup>-18</sup> to 10<sup>-20</sup> m<sup>2</sup> (1 microDarcy, μD to 0.01 μD) to 2 × 10<sup>-15</sup> m<sup>2</sup> (2 milliDarcy, mD) immediately after fracture (at 2.1 MPa confining pressure). Permeability is strongly dependent on confining pressure, decreasing to 0.25 × 10<sup>-15</sup> m<sup>2</sup> (0.25 mD) at 19 MPa confining pressure (approximately 800 m depth), and does not recover when confinement is removed. Using concomitant measurements of the radial strain as a proxy for fracture aperture, we conclude that the effective permeability is governed solely by the width of the developed cracks, revealed by post-test X-Ray Computed Tomography to be planar, extending radially from the central conduit.
Dimensional changes in acid‐demineralized dentin matrices following the use of HEMA–water versus HEMA–alcohol primers (2003)

Although dried acid-etched dentin can be reexpanded by hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/water primers, the primed dentin collapses when the water is evaporated. Experimental HEMA/alcohol primers should stiffen the matrix and permit less shrinkage when the solvent is evaporated. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that matrix shrinkage induced by solvent evaporation from HEMA primers is inversely related to solvent-induced matrix stiffness. Dentine discs were prepared from midcoronal dentine of unerupted human third molars. After demineralization in 37% phosphoric acid, the specimens were placed in the well of a linear variable differential transformer instrument, which measures changes in the matrix height and stiffness by load displacement after the application of weights. This was done in their hydrated state after water had been applied, after drying with dry nitrogen gas, and after the application of 35 vol % HEMA-water, HEMA-methanol, HEMA-ethanol, or HEMA-propanol primers. The degree of reexpansion after the application of the primers to the dentine in the dried state was found to be highest using the HEMA-water primer, followed by HEMA-methanol and HEMA-ethanol, with the HEMA-propanol primer producing no expansion. However, when the solvents were evaporated the HEMA-water-treated specimens shrank the most, the HEMA-ethanol-treated specimens shrank an intermediate amount, and the HEMA-methanol-treated specimens shrank the least. The net result of expansion minus shrinkage produced by evaporation determines how much HEMA remains in the hybrid layer just prior to polymerization.
Measuring and Modeling Water Sorption in Amorphous Indomethacin and Ritonavir (2022)

The amorphous state of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) enhances its water solubility compared to its crystalline state. However, it is well known that amorphous substances can absorb significant amounts of water therewith inducing API recrystallization. This work explores methods to obtain reliable information about water sorption in amorphous APIs and its modeling. Experimental water-sorption curves over a broad humidity range were obtained by measuring the mass increase of well-defined films of amorphous APIs. Water-sorption isotherms modeled using perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) showed better accordance with the experimental data than those obtained using the Flory-Huggins model. Crank's diffusion equation was used to describe the water-sorption kinetics providing Fickian diffusion coefficients of water in indomethacin and in ritonavir. Stefan-Maxwell diffusion coefficients were obtained by converting Fickian diffusion coefficients using water activity coefficients obtained from PC-SAFT. Finally, the free-volume theory was applied to explain the persistent water concentration dependency of the Stefan-Maxwell diffusion coefficients.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Performance of ZnO Seed Layer for Photoanode in Photoelectrochemical Cells (2020)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were coated onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrate using spin coating technique as a function of annealing temperature. The thin film preparation was undertaken by utilising zinc acetate dihydrate, ethanol and diethanolamine as the precursors. The films were coated at room temperature prior to being annealed at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 450 °C. The resulting crystalline structure and surface morphology of the thin films were then examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). UV-visible spectrophotometer was also used to record the optical absorbance in wavelengths ranging from 200 to 800 nm. The findings revealed that the ZnO thin films showed a single phase of wurtzite with n-type semiconductor, with the lowest value of band gap energy of 3.28 eV for ZnO thin films annealed at 350 °C. FESEM results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were very compact on the surface, whereby the average particle size was equivalent to 108.5, 115.3, 108.2 and 107.8 nm at the temperatures 300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C, respectively. Additionally, the highest photoconversion efficiency (0.11%) recorded for the sample was annealed at 350 ◦ C. Thus, annealing temperature was found to significantly affect the optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticle seed layer, as well as its band gap energy and surface morphology.
Charge-Associated Effects of Fullerene Derivatives on Microbial Structural Integrity and Central Metabolism (2007)

The effects of four types of fullerene compounds (C60, C60-OH, C60-COOH, C60-NH2) were examined on two model microorganisms (Escherichia coli W3110 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1). Positively charged C60-NH2 at concentrations as low as 10 mg/L inhibited growth and reduced substrate uptake for both microorganisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damage to cellular structures. Neutrally charged C60 and C60-OH had mild negative effects on S. oneidensis MR-1, whereas the negatively charged C60-COOH did not affect either microorganism's growth. The effect of fullerene compounds on global metabolism was further investigated using [3-13C]L-lactate isotopic labeling, which tracks perturbations to metabolic reaction rates in bacteria by examining the change in the isotopic labeling pattern in the resulting metabolites (often amino acids).1-3 The 13C isotopomer analysis from all fullerene-exposed cultures revealed no significant differences in isotopomer distributions from unstressed cells. This result indicates that microbial central metabolism is robust to environmental stress inflicted by fullerene nanoparticles. In addition, although C60-NH2 compounds caused mechanical stress on the cell wall or membrane, both S. oneidensis MR-1 and E. coli W3110 can efficiently alleviate such stress by cell aggregation and precipitation of the toxic nanoparticles. The results presented here favor the hypothesis that fullerenes cause more membrane stress 4-6 than perturbation to energy metabolism.7.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Ileal Conduit (1998)

We report a patient with squamous cell carcinoma that developed at the ureteroileal anastomosis and extended into the ileal conduit 11 years after a radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document the development of a squamous cell carcinoma in an ileal conduit after a radical procedure for bladder cancer.
Determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi: a European round-robin test (2013)

In Europe the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005). Hitherto existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous and results from previous round-robin tests have stayed unreported or have been reported incompletely. In particular the need for natural pre-weathering of the test specimens to allow potential detoxification of the material is discussed in-depth. Six European research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. The durability of Scots pine sap- and heartwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor have been evaluated without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. The durability classification revealed significant differences between test laboratories (up to four durability classes). Furthermore durability was depending on the pre-treatment and the respective statistical measures used. Natural pre-weathering led to an aligned durability classification between some test laboratories, but with some exceptions. A general conclusion about the impact of a pre-treatment on the durability classification was not achieved, wherefore it was neither urgently recommended nor disapproved.
Incorporation of ammonium into intracellular UDP-activatedN-acetylhexosamines and into carbohydrate structures in glycoproteins (1999)

The negative effects of ammonia on animal cells, especially in vitro cultures, are well known, but the mechanism of how ammonia inhibits cell growth and influences the glycosylation of proteins is not completely understood. We investigated the ammonium action on the synthesis of the intracellular UDP-N-acetylhexos- amines (UDPGNAc), which are precursors of glycosylation as well as on N-linked oligosaccharides of a recombinant human IL-2 mutant variant model glycoprotein expressed in BHK-21 cells under defined and controlled culture conditions in a continuously perfused bioreactor. The examinations were based on our previous observations that increased ammonia concentrations in the medium lead to the intracellular formation and accumulation of UDPGNAc (Ryll et al., 1994). The kinetics of formation of the UDPGNAc pool after adding ammonia and its reconstitution to normal conditions are shown. To study the pathway leading to the intracellular increase of UDPGNAc, the uptake and incorporation of 15NH4+ was confirmed by the detection of 15N in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). UDP-GlcNAc was purified using high pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and analyzed by GC/MS. The proportion of UDP-GlcNAc containing 15N was approximately 60% and corresponds quantitatively to the increased intracellular concentration of UDP-GlcNAc. In order to confirm the direct influence of ammonia on protein glycosylation, the human IL-2 mutant glycoprotein variant IL-Mu6, bearing a novel N-glycosylation site, has been produced under defined protein-free medium conditions in the presence of 15NH4Cl. IL-Mu6 glycoprotein was purified and N-glycans released were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy. Maximally 60-80% of N-acetylated sugars in N-glycan structures contained 15N indicating that ammonium is used as a building block during synthesis of the carbohydrate structures expressed from in vitro cultivated mammalian cells.
Hoover Library: *Psychology: Books and Journals (2009)

Psychology is a vast, exciting and ever evolving field of study. This guide will help you navigate the scholarly resources made available for you through the Hoover Library.