gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Light Dosimetry For Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy: Results Of Clinical Importance. (1989)

Effective treatment of non-superficial tumors using HpD-PDT requires the development of interstitial light application. In order to determine the efficacy of interstitial HpD-PDT, a dose effect relationship has been established in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma. Because of the lack of data about the light distribution in tissue a miniature isotropic light detector was used throughout this study for in vitro and in vivo light dosimetry, permitting evaluation of tumor response versus &quot;light dose&quot; (i.e. light energy fluence) distribution. Effects of increased light absorption due to the photosensitizer concentration in the tumor tissue were observed and taken into account in reporting the light dose throughout the tumor volumes. Light dosimetry during HpD-PDT treatments was performed as a check on the prescribed calculated light dose levels. Measurements demonstrate a gradual but drastic decrease in light penetration, beginning almost immediately after the start of the treatment. This phenomenon, which is also observed in clinical HpD-PDT treatments, complicated the assessment of the required light energy fluence for tumor control. The dose-effect experiments show that a high tumor control rate is achievable in a single HpD-FDT treatment. Failures were strongly correlated with inadequate light dose or light dose distribution. Successful treatment appeared to be highly dependent on the light dose at the tumor periphery. Vascular damage in a small margin of the surrounding normal tissue seems to be required. This implies that tumor treatment selectivity is mainly determined by restricted light penetration in tissues irradiated by local light application.
Phosphate Shifted Oxygen Reduction Pathway on Fe@Fe2O3 Core–Shell Nanowires for Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Aerobic 4-Chlorophenol Degradation (2017)

Phosphate ions widely exist in the environment. Previous studies revealed that the adsorption of phosphate ions on nanoscale zerovalent iron would generate a passivating oxide shell to block reactive sites and thus decrease the direct pollutant reduction reactivity of zerovalent iron. Given that molecular oxygen activation process is different from direct pollutant reduction with nanoscale zerovalent iron, it is still unclear how phosphate ions will affect molecular oxygen activation and reactive oxygen species generation with nanoscale zerovalent iron. In this study, we systematically studied the effect of phosphate ions on molecular oxygen activation with Fe@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowires, a special nanoscale zerovalent iron, taking advantages of rotating ring disk electrochemical analysis. It was interesting to find that the oxygen reduction pathway on Fe@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowires was gradually shifted from a four-electron reduction pathway to a sequential one-electron reduction one, along with increasing the phosphate ions concentration from 0 to 10 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>. This oxygen reduction pathway change greatly enhanced the molecular oxygen activation and reactive oxygen species generation performances of Fe@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowires, and thus increased their aerobic 4-chlorophenol degradation rate by 10 times. These findings shed insight into the possible roles of widely existed phosphate ions in molecular oxygen activation and organic pollutants degradation with nanoscale zerovalent iron.
A fructooligosaccharide-producing enzyme from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. (1988)

The fructosyl transfer to sucrose was investigated, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 was selected as the most suitable strain for fructooligosaccharide production. This strain showed very high enzyme productivity, and its transfructosylating activity was very strong compared to its hydrolyzing activity. Fructooligosaccharides could be more effectively prepared with a higher concentration of sucrose if use could be made of an enzyme having higher transfructosylating ability. Treatment of 50% (w/v) sucrose with the A. niger enzyme afforded a mixture of fructooligosaccharides with inulin-type structures of 1F(1-β-fructofuranosyl)n-sucrose (n=1 to 3). The individual saccharides could be separated by the combination of a carbon column chromatography and preparative HPLC.
Adaptive Preprocessing for Linear Predictive Speech Compression Systems (1974)

In any vocoder, the process of parameter quantization is crucial for reducing the transmission rate while maintaining the quality of the synthesized speech. We have observed that, for linear predictive vocoders, the short-time spectral dynamic range of the speech signal is the single most important factor that affects the quantization properties of transmission parameters, irrespective of the particular choice of parameters. We describe two preprocessing methods by which the spectral dynamic range is reduced, thereby improving quantization properties. In the first method, adaptive optimal (linear predictive) preemphasis is applied either directly to the speech signal or more easily to the autocorrelation coefficients through convolution. Experiments indicate that an appropriate set of preemphasis filters can be pre-selected; for any speech segment being analyzed, the filter from this set that is closest to the optimal choice can be used for preemphasis. The advantages of such a scheme as well as the effect of first- and second-order preemphasis on quantization and speech quality are discussed. The second method of preprocessing (the SIGMA method) involves multiplying the impulse response of the inverse linear prediction filter by an exponential window. Some preliminary results obtained using this method are reported.
Cation Membrane Transport: Evidence for Local Validity of Nernst‐Planck Equations (1988)

Abstract Local transport coefficients have been experimentally determined for transport of H + , Na + , H 2 O and current, and for transport of K + , Sr 2+ , H 2 O and current in a cation exchange membrane. Adjacent electrolytes contained 0.03 N solution mixtures of HCl and NaCl, or 0.03 N or 0.01 N solution mixtures of KCl and SrCl 2 . The fluxes and forces used in the presentation are based on a choice of neutral and independent components of the system. — The concentration dependence of the membrane conductivity and the electric mobility of ions has been described by a model which relates the reduction of one cation mobility to the equivalent fraction of the other cation. The mobility ratio varies between 4 and 15 for u H +/u Na + and 3 and 6 for u k +/u Sr2 +. The transference numbers for the monovalent salt system can be predicted within experimental uncertainty limits from this model. Local diffusion coefficients are derived and compared to electric mobilities. The result is that the Nernst‐Planck equation using equal electric and diffusional mobility is valid for all concentrations within ± 10% on the average for both systems. Water transport will modify the Nernst‐Planck flux equations when gradients in chemical potential of water becomes about 10 −5 times the gradients in chemical potential of salts. Calculations predict a negligible contribution to the chemical potential gradient of salts from pressure variations in the membrane during interdiffusion. — In total these results make possible a continuous description of membrane transport processes.
Thermodynamic Properties of LiCl in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1968)

For concentrations up to 0.12M, the activity coefficients at each temperature may be represented satisfactorily by Guggenheim's extension of the Debye‐ Hückel equation. The partial molal Gibbs free energy, entropy and enthalpy of transfer of from DMSO to water have been calculated to be , and , respectively.
Scaling of nonlocal operators (1985)

An exact scaling relation developed for nonlocal operators is presented. The matrix elements of a general nonlocal operator are related to a set of reduced matrix elements through scaling coefficients which do not explicitly depend on the particular nonlocal operator. The theory reduces to a conventional local scaling formulation in that limit. The guide to developing the nonlocal scaling relation comes from consideration of general symmetry properties of the nonlocal operator in a chosen representation. Operators with high degrees of symmetry will generally lead to scaling relations requiring a small number of scaling coefficients for practical applications. The theory is expected to be useful not only for providing exact nonlocal scaling relations but also as a tool for developing approximate scaling relations which still retain the nonlocal nature of the operator to an appropriate extent.
X-band Left Handed Phase Shifter using Thin Film Ba0.25SR0.75TiO3 Ferroelectric Varactors (2006)

This paper describes the design, modeling, and realization of a tunable left handed (LH) phase shifter using thin film Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (BST) ferroelectric varactors. The unique nature of LH transmission line (TL) metamaterials enables reduced size, compared to conventional loaded line phase shifters realized as right handed (RH) TLs. The prototype LH TL phase shifter fabricated in this work includes 9 LH unit cells. At 10 GHz the phase advance is ~1000 deg without applied bias and under applied 20 V DC bias it tunes to ~750 deg. The Figure of Merit is better than 30 deg/dB over a 22 % bandwidth extending from 8.7 GHz to 10.9 GHz
Purification of Chromosomes from Plasmodium falciparum (2003)

Sequencing of the entire genome from the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, began in earnest in 1996 with the formation of an international consortium of scientists and funding agencies (). Due to the instability of the highly adenine (A) and thymine (T)-rich P. falciparum DNA in large insert bacterial vectors, and to distribute the enormous task of completing the 30 Mb genome among several genome centers, the decision was made to sequence the P. falciparum genome by chromosome. Obtaining pure chromosome material, free of contaminating DNA and in sufficient yield, is of paramount importance in order to produce sequencing libraries that are as unbiased and as representative of the genome as possible. Minimizing the amount of cross-contaminating chromosomal DNA is critical to reduce costs and ensure accurate assembly of the sequence. To date, the sequences of two chromosomes from P. falciparum have been published, chromosome 2 () and chromosome 3 (), and it is anticipated that the remainder will be completed by the end of 2002.
Approximation of Normal Cycles (2003)

This report deals with approximations of geometric data defined on a hypersurf- ace of the Euclidean space E^n. Using geometric measure theory, we evaluate an upper bound on the flat norm of the difference of the normal cycle of a compact subset of E^n whose boundary is a smooth (closed oriented embedded) hypersurface, and the normal cycle of a compact geometric subset of E^n "close to it". We deduce bounds between the difference of the curvature measures of the smooth hypersurface and the curvature measures of the geometric compact subset.
NONLINEAR CONTROL OF A GAS FIRED FURNACE (2000)

This chapter explores the application of recent nonlinear control and observer theory to the problem of temperature control in a gas fired furnace. The furnace under consideration can be thought of as a gas filled enclosure containing a heat sink (such as a load), bounded by insulating walls. Heat input is achieved via a burner located in one of the end walls and the combustion products are evacuated through a flue positioned in the roof. Although this represents the simplest design possible — a single burner arrangement-such a plant could legitimately represent an industrial furnace for the firing of ceramics. This design has been chosen as a starting point for the study of controllers for high temperature heating plant principally because a prototype single burner furnace is available for controller evaluation purposes.
WELL-FORMED SET REPRESENTATIONS OF SOLIDS (1999)

All point Membership Classification (PMC) algorithms on solids constructed using regularized set operations require representing and computing neighborhoods of a point with respect to the represented solid. Such computations involve some of the more sensitive and difficult algorithms in solid modeling. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions under which set-theoretic constructions are well-formed so that PMC amounts to evaluating a ternary logic expression and does not require any neighborhood computations. We demonstrate well-formedness of any monotone set expression whose primitives form a simple arrangement in E d , and of common representations for polyhedral objects constructed using 'decreasing convex hull' algorithms. Well-formed representations exist for every solid but not for every fixed collection of primitives. We also give a necessary and sufficient test for existence of such representations. Identifying and eliminating neighborhood computations whenever possible should lead to simpler, more efficient, and robust geometric algorithms that are also more suitable for hardware implementation. Finally, well-formed set representations can be trivially translated into representations of solids by real-valued implicit functions.
Effect of Aeration on Organic Acid Production by Propionibacterium shermanii (1997)

Propionibacteria have been reported as being oxygen sensitive bacteria. Nevertheless, in this work, we intend to show that Propionibacterium shermanii CDB 10014 is able to grow even at high volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients (K L a). Similar final cell concentrations were achieved in experiments at different K L a values, with increasing cell yield from 0.08 g/g cells in anaerobic conditions to 0.22 g/g at K L a 61 h -1 . The organic acid production pattern changes depending on the K L a. At K L a higher than 36 h -1 , propionic acid was not produced and acetic acid was the main product. At K L a higher than 20h -1 , lactic acid began to be produced. In further studies, no important differences in the growth yield were observed in the pH range 5.5-7.0, while the cell production was enhanced by tem peratures in the range 30-35 °C
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Calixsugars: Calix[4]arene‐Monosaccharide Conjugates Based on Amide Bonds. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 3881: Relating tumor drug concentrations to target effect with semi physiologic PK-PD modeling in drug development: An application using a novel dCK inhibitor (2019)

Introduction: Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is essential for DNA synthesis through salvage pathways and DI-87 is a novel dCK inhibitor in preclinical development. This study used PET imaging to measure dCK inhibition and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling to relate tumor drug levels to tissue with dCK activity and tumor shrinkage.Methods: Oral DI-87 was administered to NSG mice with plasma and tumor PK assessed over 24 hrs by mass spectrometry. NSG mice with CEM tumors were administered varying doses of DI-87 followed by the [18F]CFA PET probe and PET imaging. NSG mice with CEM tumors were administered thymidine and DI-87 concurrently and tumor growth monitored. PK-PD modeling was conducted with NONMEM (v. 7.3).Results: DI-87 plasma concentrations peaked at 3 hr; tumor peak concentrations occurred later. Tumor concentrations were less than one third of plasma concentrations. Full dCK inhibition by PET imaging occurred between 10 and 25 mg/kg and decreasing doses led to faster recovery of activity. Full recovery of enzyme activity occurred by 36 hrs with full inhibition being maintained at the 12 hr time point at the 25 mg/kg dose. Maximal growth inhibition occurred with full dCK inhibition over the dosing range (25 mg/kg BID) when DI-87 was given in combination therapy with thymidine; thus increased doses led to more persistent dCK inhibition with predictable increased growth inhibition.Conclusions: Combining PET probes with PK-PD modeling led to an optimized dosing schedule for combination therapy with DI-87.Citation Format: Soumya Poddar, Mina Nikanjam, Edmund Capparelli, Thuc Le, Liu Wei, Caius Radu. Relating tumor drug concentrations to target effect with semi physiologic PK-PD modeling in drug development: An application using a novel dCK inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3881.
A new quantitative performance parameter for monitoring robotics rehabilitation treatment (2014)

In clinical practice, the great potential of robots in extracting quantitative and meaningful data is not always exploited. The aim of the present paper is to propose a simple parameter that allows to follow the performance of subjects during upper limb robotic training with no additional effort for
High-temperature electron transport properties in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2001)

Electron transport properties in the Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) have been examined from room temperature up to 400 °C. The temperature dependencies of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility have been systematically measured for the samples with different 2DEG densities. The 2DEG mobility has been shown to decrease with increasing the temperature, with the lower decrease ratio at higher temperatures, and moreover, shown to be less dependent on the 2DEG density at higher temperatures. These features well agree with those of the longitudinal optical phonon-limited mobility theoretically predicted, although the effect of alloy and interface scattering should further be examined and analyzed. The observed 2DEG mobilities at 400 °C were as high as from 100 to 120 cm2/V s, directly providing the evidence for suitability of the HFET of this material system for high-temperature applications. Moreover, Si-doped Al0.15Ga0.85N single layer has been shown to exhibit a relatively high bulk mobility of 50 cm2/V s at 400 °C, suggesting that AlGaN is attractive as the channel material when higher-voltage and higher-temperature device operation is required.
Development of human factors guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Identification of the strengths and weaknesses of alternative information display formats (1998)

This report is one of a series produced as part of a contract designed to develop precise, detailed, human factors design guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO). The goals of the work covered in this report were to: (1) identify information format alternatives for ATIS devices for both private drivers and CVO applications, and (2) identify research issues that must be addressed in order to develop effective information format guidelines. To achieve these goals, and to make the greatest progress possible toward the ultimate project goal of guideline development, the project developed the strategy of turning the current state of knowledge into tools applicable to any ATIS design. Four primary design-decision tools were developed. These tools are intended to help either professional or nonprofessional human factors designers make appropriate tradeoff decisions in designing effective ATIS displays. The four tools are: (1) Sensory Modality Allocation, (2) Trip Status Allocation, (3) Display Format Allocation, and (4) Display Location. \n
Multi-omics data integration by generative adversarial network (2021)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FTrack: Infrastructure-free floor localization via mobile phone sensing (2012)

Mobile phone localization plays a key role in the fast-growing Location Based Applications domain. Most of the existing localization schemes rely on infrastructure support such as GSM, WiFi or GPS. In this paper, we present FTrack, a novel floor localization system to identify the floor level in a multi-floor building on which a mobile user is located. FTrack uses the mobile phone's accelerometer only without any infrastructure support. It does not require any prior knowledge of the building such as floor height. By capturing user encounters and analyzing user trails, FTrack finds the mapping from the traveling time (when taking the elevator) or the step counts (when walking on the stairs) between any two floors to the number of floor levels. The mapping can then be used for mobile users to pinpoint their current floor levels. We conduct both simulation and field studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of FTrack. Our field trial in a 10-floor building shows that FTrack achieves an accuracy of over 90% after two hours in our experiment.
Hydrophobic Protein Synthesized in the Pod Endocarp Adheres to the Seed Surface1 (1999)

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) hydrophobic protein (HPS) is an abundant seed constituent and a potentially hazardous allergen that causes asthma in persons allergic to soybean dust. By analyzing surface extracts of soybean seeds with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino-terminal microsequencing, we determined that large amounts of HPS are deposited on the seed surface. The quantity of HPS present varies among soybean cultivars and is more prevalent on dull-seeded phenotypes. We have also isolated cDNA clones encoding HPS and determined that the preprotein is translated with a membrane-spanning signal sequence and a short hydrophilic domain. Southern analysis indicated that multiple copies of the HPS gene are present in the soybean genome, and that the HPS gene structure is polymorphic among cultivars that differ in seed coat luster. The pattern of HPS gene expression, determined by in situ hybridization and RNA analysis, shows that HPS is synthesized in the endocarp of the inner ovary wall and is deposited on the seed surface during development. This study demonstrates that a seed dust allergen is associated with the seed luster phenotype in soybean and that compositional properties of the seed surface may be altered by manipulating gene expression in the ovary wall.
New Prospects for High Performance SONAR, Chemical Sensor, and Communication Device Materials (2009)

Perovskite oxides are a special group of materials, which exhibit many interesting properties, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and high dielectric constant. Their unique physical properties lead to a variety of technological applications. Using quantum-mechanical simulations, we have computationally investigated several perovskite materials for use in Naval SONAR, chemical sensor and communications devices. We elucidate the influence of the constituent elements on technologically relevant properties, furthering the goal of achieving higher performance through modification of the material chemical composition.