gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allosteric activation of the CaR by l -amino acids (2000)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve as cellular sensors for a broad range of stimulants including photons, odorants, hormones, neurotransmitters, and ions. The studies presented by Conigrave and colleagues (1) in this issue provide evidence that the cellular sensor for l-amino acids is also a GPCR. The extracellular calcium receptor (CaR), a member of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family of GPCRs, is responsible for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone release and renal Ca2+ excretion. The investigators demonstrate that this receptor is also capable of detecting physiologic levels of specific l-amino acids. Thus, like the other members of this subfamily of GPCRs, the activity of the CaR can be modulated by structurally diverse agonists. mGluR subtypes 1α, 3, and 5 respond to both glutamate and extracellular Ca2+ (2), and the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor response to GABA is enhanced by extracellular Ca2+ (3). The dual sensitivity of the CaR to both Ca2+ and specific l-amino acids has interesting implications for the coordinate regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, the CaR is a rare example of a GPCR that is allosterically regulated by physiologic ligands, and it will be of great interest to learn the molecular mechanism of receptor activation.
Identification of viral genomic elements responsible for rabies virus neuroinvasiveness (2004)

Attenuated tissue culture-adapted and natural street rabies virus (RV) strains differ greatly in their neuroinvasiveness. To identify the elements responsible for the ability of an RV to enter the CNS from a peripheral site and to cause lethal neurological disease, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of silver-haired bat-associated RV (SHBRV) strain 18 and exchanged the genes encoding RV proteins and genomic sequences of this highly neuroinvasive RV strain with those of a highly attenuated nonneuroinvasive RV vaccine strain (SN0). Analysis of the recombinant RV (SB0), which was recovered from SHBRV-18 cDNA, indicated that this RV is phenotypically indistinguishable from WT SHBRV-18. Characterization of the chimeric viruses revealed that in addition to the RV glycoprotein, which plays a predominant role in the ability of an RV to invade the CNS from a peripheral site, viral elements such as the trailer sequence, the RV polymerase, and the pseudogene contribute to RV neuroinvasiveness. Analyses also revealed that neuroinvasiveness of an RV correlates inversely with the time necessary for internalization of RV virions and with the capacity of the virus to grow in neuroblastoma cells.
GM1 Ganglioside and the Seeding of Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease: Endogenous Seed for Alzheimer Amyloid (2005)

A fundamental question about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is how monomeric, nontoxic amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is converted to its toxic aggregates in the brain. The author previously identified a unique Abeta species in the AD brain, which is characterized by its binding to GM1 ganglioside (GM1). On the basis of the molecular characteristics of GM1-bound Abeta (GAbeta), the author hypothesized that GM1 plays a critical role in the process. The author recently examined this possibility using a novel monoclonal antibody raised against purified GAbeta and validated that GAbeta is endogenously generated in the brain and accelerates Abeta assembly by acting as a seed. Furthermore, the author provided a possibility that aging and the expression of apolipoprotein E4 facilitate Abeta assembly in the brain through an increase in the GM1 content in the neuronal membranes, which likely induces GAbeta generation. The author's results imply a mechanism underlying the onset of AD and also provide a new insight into development of novel therapeutic strategy.
Semaphorin 4D in human head and neck cancer tissue and peripheral blood: A dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stromal phenotype (2018)

The search for stromal biomarkers in carcinoma patients is a challenge in the field. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), known for its various developmental, physiological and pathological effects, plays a role in pro and anti-inflammatory responses. It is expressed in many epithelial tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, we found that HNSCC-associated Sema4D modulates an immune-suppressive, tumor-permissible environment by inducing the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of Sema4D as a biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype in human HNSCC. Our data showed Sema4D<sup>+ve/high</sup> tumor cells in 34% of the studied cohort with positive correlation to Stage III (p=0.0001). Sema4D<sup>+ve/high</sup> tumor cells correlated directly with dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.0001) and inversely with infiltrate of Sema4D<sup>+ve/high</sup> tumor-associated inflammatory cells (TAIs) (p=0.01). Most of the Sema4D<sup>+ve/high</sup> TAIs were co-positive for the macrophage biomarker CD163. Knockdown of Sema4D in WSU-HN6 cells inhibited collagen production by fibroblasts, and decreased activated TGF-β1 levels in culture medium of HNSCC cell lines. In a stratification model of HNSCC using combined Sema4D and the programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1), Sema4D<sup>+ve/high</sup> tumor cells represented a phenotype distinct from the PDL-1 positive tumors. Finally,Sema4D was detected in plasma of HNC patients at significantly higher levels (115.44, ± 39.37) compared to healthy donors (38.60± 12.73) (p <0.0001). In conclusion, we present a novel HNSCC tumor stratification model, based on the expression of the biomarker Sema4D. This model opens new avenues to novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
Genes coding for the elongation factor EF‐1α in Artemia (1986)

The elongation factor EF-1 alpha is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, where it catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. The genes coding for this protein in the brine shrimp Artemia were analyzed by gene cloning, electron microscopy and chromosomal blot hybridization. There are only a few (about four) copies of one type of gene per haploid genome. These genes contain five exons divided over 10(4) base pairs. Local rearrangements give rise to a number of gene variants. Cross-hybridizations of Artemia cDNA probes with yeast and Drosophila DNA revealed two different yeast EF-1 alpha genes and one or two different Drosophila genes, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing revealed signals for synthesis and processing of EF-1 alpha transcripts as well as the exact location of exons. One interruption in the coding sequence corresponds closely to a splice junction in the gene coding for the homologous chloroplast protein EF-Tu from Euglena gracilis, presumably of prokaryotic origin. The first exon in the chloroplast gene codes for the region of EF-Tu that is homologous to regions of the elongation factor EF-G and of the initiation factor IF2, respectively.
β-Catenin Activation in Muscle Progenitor Cells Regulates Tissue Repair (2016)

International audience
Ceramic Composites with Three‐Dimensional Architectures Designed to Produce a Threshold Strength—II. Mechanical Observations (2005)

Finite element modeling and linear elastic fracture mechanics are used to model the residual stresses and failure stress of ceramic composites consisting of polyhedral alumina cores surrounded by thin alumina/mullite layers in residual compression. This type of composite architecture is expected to exhibit isotropic threshold strength behavior, in which the strength of the composite for a particular assumed flaw will be constant and independent of the orientation of tensile loading. The results of the modeling indicate that the strengths of such architectures will be higher than those of laminates of similar architectural dimensions that were previously found to exhibit threshold strength behavior for a particular flaw type. Flexural testing of the polyhedral architectures reveals that failure is dominated by processing defects found at junctions between the polyhedra. Fractography revealed the interaction of these defects with the residual stresses in the compressive layers that separate the polyhedra.
Synthesis of ketones via carbonylation of organic halides. II. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of organic halides with terminal acetylenes in the presence of amines. Novel acetylenic ketone synthesis. (1985)

有機ハロゲン化物が,塩基存在下パラジウム錯体触媒によって末端アセチレソとともにカルボニル化され,アセチレンケトンを与えることを見いだした。ヨードベンゼンとフェニルアセチレンからの 1,3-ジフェニル-2-プロピン-1-オン(DPP) の合成反応について,反応方法を検討した。パラジウム触媒の配位子としては, R2P(CH2)4PR2(R=フェニル,ブチル,シクロヘキシル),1,1'-ス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-または 1,1'-ビス(ジフェニルアルシノ)フェロセン が, DPP 選択率および反応速度の両面で優れていた。アルシン類はホスフィン類より CO 挿入速度が大で,このことがアルシン類による高 DPP 選択性の理由であると推論した。 PdCl2(PPh8)2 触媒では,低 CO 圧下では DPP 選択率がいちじるしく低下するが, PdCl2(dppf) を触媒に用い,低温で反応させることにより,常圧でも高収率にDPPを得ることができた。塩基としては, PKa の大きな第三級アミンがもっとも好ましく,また炭酸ナトリウムも使用可能であった。本反応は,ハロゲン化物については種々の官能基をもつ芳香族ハロゲン化物アルケニルハロゲン化物こ,アセチレンについては無置換アセチレンを除く末端アセチレン化合物に一般に応用可能であった。
Cellular basis for adriamycin-induced augmentation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in culture. (1984)

The cellular basis for the augmented cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response seen when spleen cells from Adriamycin (ADM)-treated mice were stimulated in culture was investigated. Under conditions where mature macrophages were reduced (adherent or silica-sensitive cells removed) at time of alloantigen challenge, the cells from ADM-treated mice developed levels of CMC activity much higher than the low levels which were developed by similar subsets of cells from nontreated control mice. This indicates that ADM treatment enriched a subset of cells in spleen which was nonadherent, silica-insensitive, and nonphagocytic but was capable of providing accessory function. When mature macrophages were not removed, the capability to develop an augmented level of CMC was shown to be associated with a subset of cells from ADM-treated mice which was adherent to either plastic or nylon wool. In recombination experiments, it was found that the removal of Thy 1.2+ cells from the adherent subset from ADM-treated mice had little effect on the response, while their removal from the adherent subset from nontreated mice resulted in elevated levels of response. A similar effect was obtained when Lyt 2.2+ cells were eliminated but not when Lyt 1.2+ cells were removed. This indicates that a Thy 1.2+, Lyt 1-2+ cell, involved in regulation of the response, was missing from or failed to function in the ADM-treated population. Based on these findings, ADM apparently induces modifications in two cell subsets: (a) immature cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage which can provide accessory function; and (b) adherent, Lyt 2+ T-cells which cooperate in maintaining levels of CMC activity at "normal" levels.
Hydrogen peroxide – production, fate and role in redox signaling of tumor cells (2015)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in various signal transduction pathways and cell fate decisions. The mechanism of the so called "redox signaling" includes the H2O2-mediated reversible oxidation of redox sensitive cysteine residues in enzymes and transcription factors thereby altering their activities. Depending on its intracellular concentration and localization, H2O2 exhibits either pro- or anti-apoptotic activities. In comparison to normal cells, cancer cells are characterized by an increased H2O2 production rate and an impaired redox balance thereby affecting the microenvironment as well as the anti-tumoral immune response. This article reviews the current knowledge about the intracellular production of H2O2 along with redox signaling pathways mediating either the growth or apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition it will be discussed how the targeting of H2O2-linked sources and/or signaling components involved in tumor progression and survival might lead to novel therapeutic targets.
Body Composition: Research and Clinical Advances—1993 A.S.P.E.N. Research Workshop (1994)

The 1993 ASPEN Research Workshop examined research and clinical advances in the study of human body composition. The workshop had two themes: (1) compartments of the body and their measurement, and (2) clinical applications of body composition measurements. There were 12 speakers of varied backgrounds who gave short lectures followed by panel discussions. Speakers explored the validity and potential uses of new body composition methodologies, including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, multiple frequency bioimpedance analysis, computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, neutron inelastic scattering, and gamma-ray resonance. The application of these methods to chronically and acutely ill hospitalized patients was described. The study of body composition is an emerging distinct research area within the broad study of human biology. This conference provided an overview of important new advances in the study of human body composition.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Displacement Damage in Graphene (2019)

This paper introduces a Monte Carlo (MC) approach based on the binary collision approximation to estimate defect types and densities in proton- and heavy-ion-irradiated graphene layers. The types and concentrations of defects that appear in graphene due to irradiation with various ions with energies ranging from ~100 keV to ~100 MeV are identified. This simple method enables defect introduction rates in graphene to be predicted to within better than a factor of two accuracy, relative to experimental measurements in a beam environment. The results demonstrate that all defects generated by ions with high incident energy are formed via head-on collisions and in-plane recoils, which is unique for 2-D materials.
Enhanced Terahertz Generation from InGaN/GaN Dot-in-a-Wire Light Emitting Diodes (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Sun, R. Chen, Y. J. Ding, H. P. T. Nguyen, and Z. Mi, "Enhanced Terahertz Generation from InGaN/GaN Dot-in-a-Wire Light Emitting Diodes," in CLEO: 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper JTh2A.57. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effects of Feeding of Two Potentially Probiotic Preparations from Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Performance and Faecal Microflora of Broiler Chickens (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two probiotic preparations, containing live lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 and Lactobacillus casei CECT 4043) and their products of fermentation (organic acids and bacteriocins), as a replacement for antibiotics in stimulating health and growth of broiler chickens. The effects of the supplementation of both preparations (with proven probiotic effect in weaned piglets) and an antibiotic (avilamycin) on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed consumption efficiency (FCE), relative intestinal weight, and intestinal microbiota counts were studied in 1-day posthatch chickens. The experiments were conducted with medium-growth Sasso X44 chickens housed in cages and with nutritional stressed Ross 308 broiler distributed in pens. Consumption of the different diets did not affect significantly the final coliform counts in Sasso X44 chickens. However, counts of lactic acid bacteria and mesophilic microorganisms were higher in the animals receiving the two probiotic preparations (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, although no differences in BWG were observed between treatments, Ross 308 broilers receiving the probiotic Lactobacillus preparation exhibited the lowest FCE values and were considered the most efficient at converting feed into live weight.
Perspective volume rendering of CT and MR images: applications for endoscopic imaging. (1996)

PVR is a novel way to present volumetric data and may enable noninvasive diagnostic endoscopy and provide an alternate method to analyze volumetric imaging data for primary diagnosis.
Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario (2000)

A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that rapid warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO(2) greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as chlorofluorocarbons, CH(4), and N(2)O, not by the products of fossil fuel burning, CO(2) and aerosols, the positive and negative climate forcings of which are partially offsetting. The growth rate of non-CO(2) GHGs has declined in the past decade. If sources of CH(4) and O(3) precursors were reduced in the future, the change in climate forcing by non-CO(2) GHGs in the next 50 years could be near zero. Combined with a reduction of black carbon emissions and plausible success in slowing CO(2) emissions, this reduction of non-CO(2) GHGs could lead to a decline in the rate of global warming, reducing the danger of dramatic climate change. Such a focus on air pollution has practical benefits that unite the interests of developed and developing countries. However, assessment of ongoing and future climate change requires composition-specific long-term global monitoring of aerosol properties.
Compressed sensing for radio interferometric imaging: review and future (2011)

Radio interferometry is a powerful technique for astronomical imaging. The theory of compressed sensing (CS) has been applied recently to the ill-posed inverse problem of recovering images from the measurements taken by radio interferometric telescopes. We review novel CS radio interferometric imaging techniques, both at the level of acquisition and reconstruction, and discuss their superior performance relative to traditional approaches. In order to remain as close to the theory of CS as possible, these techniques necessarily consider idealised interferometric configurations. To realise the enhancement in quality provided by these novel techniques on real radio interferometric observations, their extension to realistic interferometric configurations is now of considerable importance. We also chart the future direction of research required to achieve this goal.
Oxygen ion conductors (2003)

Ionic conductors have always provided a fascinating interdisciplinary field of study ever since their discovery by Faraday at the Royal Institution in London over 200 years ago. More recently, and particularly in the past decade, the pace of research has been rapid, driven by the requirements for new clean energy sources, sensors, and high energy density batteries. A very interesting subgroup of this class of materials are the oxides that display oxygen ion conductivity. As well as the intrinsic interest in these materials, there has been a continued drive for their development because of the promise of important technological devices such as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), oxygen separation membranes, and membranes for the conversion of methane to syngas1. All of these devices offer the potential of enormous commercial and ecological benefits provided suitable high performance materials can be developed. In this article we will review the materials currently under development for application in such devices with particular reference to some of the newly discovered oxide ion conductors.
Effects of relative humidity on attenuation of foam earplugs (1981)

The effects of relative humidity (RH) on attenuation of foam earplugs is important because many people work in high noise levels that have controlled RH conditions. Five types of foam earplugs were tested for attenuation in 100 dB SPL white noise under three conditions of RH; &amp;lt;5%, 50%, and 80%. Attenuation measurements were made utilizing KEMAR. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used to manipulate, store, and output the collected data. In general, there is not a significant difference in attenuation between the various foam earplugs measured under different RH conditions. However, one type of foam earplug would not stay compressed long enough to get them inserted into either KEMAR'S or our ear canal at 80% Rh.
Clevudine Inhibits Hepatitis Delta Virus Viremia: a Pilot Study of Chronically Infected Woodchucks (2005)

In a small controlled study, clevudine, a potent inhibitor of hepadnaviruses, including hepatitis B virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus, suppressed hepatitis delta virus (HDV) viremia in chronically infected woodchucks. Suppression was correlated with the marked reduction of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen in individual animals, consistent with the concept that repression of surface antigen expression may be a useful antiviral strategy for HDV.
Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane (1996)

Deformations of a tunnel may result in settlementsof the ground surface. In engineering practice thesesurface settlements are often described by empiri-cal formulae, based upon ﬁeld observations, forinstance a normal (Gaussian) distribution curve(Peck, 1969; Attewell & Woodman, 1982). In thisnote an approximate analytical solution is presented,considering the soil as a linear elastic material.Although it is realized that this is a very poorschematization of the real behaviour of soils, anelastic solution may well serve to investigate someof the characteristics of the resulting ﬁelds of stressand strain, and it may also serve as a reference formore reﬁned (numerical) computations.Two basic deformation mechanisms of thetunnel are considered: a uniform radial displace-ment (representing, in ﬁrst approximation, theground loss that may occur during constructionof the tunnel), and an ovalization of the tunnel,see Fig. 1. Even though in practice the tunnellingprocess may be executed very carefully andappropriate engineering techniques may be appliedto minimize the deformations, for instance theinjection of grout into the soil surrounding thetunnel, it remains of interest to study the defor-mations and stresses caused by both ground lossand ovalization.The method used is an extension of a methodsuggested by Sagaseta (1987) for the case ofground loss in an incompressible soil. The startingpoint is the solution for a singularity at a point ofan elastic half plane (at the axis of the tunnel). Byadding the image solution for a singularity at apoint located symmetrically above the soil surface,the shear stresses at the surface are made equal tozero. In order to balance the normal stresses at thesurface, a third solution is added, by solving aBoussinesq-type problem. The approximation inestablishing the solution is that, in balancing thenormal and tangential stresses on the surface, thepresence of the tunnel, with its prescribed dis-placements, is disregarded. Although an exactsolution might well be obtainable by the methodsoutlined by Mindlin (1939), using bipolar coordi-nates, such a solution is very complicated. Thepresent approximate solution will be seen to bevery simple and easy to apply.The solution given in this technical note is ageneralization of Sagaseta’s solution in that it givesthe solution for the case of ground loss not onlyfor the incompressible case (with Poisson’s ratioequal to 0·5), but for arbitrary values of Poisson’sratio, and that it includes the effect of ovalization.The process of ovalization has been studied beforefor a tunnel in an inﬁnite elastic medium (MuirWood, 1975). Here the surface displacements for atunnel in a semi-inﬁnite medium are considered, aswell as the displacements and stresses throughoutthe half space.