gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-Transparent Packet Switching by Satellite: Migrating Existing Technologies for New Opportunities (2008)

This article presents a novel switching approach for meshed communications by satellite. The system includes an innovative on board processor operating semi-transparent onboard switching at packet speed. As a result today, a transparent processor can perform meshed packet connectivity as it was not possible before. The original concept, called RBS, is studied by Thales Alenia Space and the European Space Agency since several years. The basic idea is to take the best of regenerative and transparent digital processor technologies. This paper will expose the novel system opportunities, in particular the IP readiness (QoS, multicast, label switching, security, …) of such a system. It will also present the related business gains brought by an RBS based system, and the technology for the on board processor and ground terminals, which can be profitably derived from existing products.
Shortest Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composed of Cycloparaphenylenes (2017)

The host-guest chemistry of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) of different sizes is described. [n]CPPs (n=5, 6, 7, 8, and 10) selectively interact with [n+5]CPPs, forming complexes [n+5]CPP⊃[n]CPP, which are the shortest double-walled armchair carbon nanotubes. The size selectivity is dictated by the difference in diameters of the CPPs (that is, 0.34-0.35 nm), which maximizes attractive van der Waals interactions. Theoretical calculations suggest that the orbital energies of the CPPs become perturbed upon complex formation, and orbital mixing between the two CPPs is predicted for large CPP pairs. The association constants in 1,1,2,2-[D<sub>2</sub> ]tetrachloroethane, estimated by <sup>1</sup> H NMR titration, are approximately 10<sup>3</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup> at 50 °C. Van't Hoff plot analysis reveals that complexation is driven mainly by entropy owing to desolvation of the CPPs. [13]CPP also forms a complex with [4]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylene ([4]CPY), which is a π-extended [8]CPP. Theoretical calculations suggest that the formation of [13]CPP⊃[4]CPY is more exothermic than that of [13]CPP⊃[8]CPP. A ternary complex, [15]CPP⊃[10]CPP⊃C<sub>60</sub> , is also formed by mixing [15]CPP and [10]CPP⊃C<sub>60</sub> .
Confirmation of germline variants identified by tumor testing: A population-based study. (2019)

e13021 Background: Multi-gene panel tumour testing (TT) has been available in British Columbia since mid-2016 for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), melanoma (MEL), low-grade glioma (LGG), and gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GIST). TT can detect somatic driver mutations and potential pathogenic germline variants (pPGVs) associated with hereditary cancer susceptibility. We reviewed the frequency of pPGVs identified by TT and examined referral rates to the Hereditary Cancer Program (HCP) for confirmatory germline testing (GT) and therapeutic implications of PGV findings. Methods: All patients (pts) undergoing TT testing from October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 were identified. Diagnosis, age, gender, family history and treatment data were obtained. TT was performed by next-generation sequencing for all/selected regions of the following genes: AKT1, ALK, BRAF, BRCA1, BRCA2, CCND1, CCND3, CIC, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, FUBP1, HRAS, IDH1, IDH2, KIT, KRAS, MAP2K1, MET, NRAS, PDGFRA, PIK3CA, PTEN, ROS1, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD. Results: Among 2937 TTs, pPGVs were identified in 83 pts (2.8%) [Table 1]. 50 pts (57%) were referred to HCP, 41 had germline testing, and 14 PGV were confirmed. PGVs were most commonly identified in BRCA1/2 and SDHA and these findings did not influence oncologic treatments. Conclusions: TT detected pPGVs in 2.8% of unselected pts with metastatic cancers. Among 41 pts undergoing germline testing, 34% who would not have otherwise met testing criteria, had a confirmed PGV. Referral rates were low due to lack of patient and clinician awareness and poor health status. Although PGV findings did not directly impact treatment, TT identified 14 new families with hereditary cancer who can benefit from early detection and screening. Future directions include expansion of TT to include additional hereditary cancer susceptibility genes and development of digital tools for pts and clinicians. [Table: see text]
Sustained supplementation and monitored response with differing carotenoid formulations in early age-related macular degeneration (2015)

In early AMD, MP can be augmented with a variety of supplements, although the inclusion of MZ may confer benefits in terms of panprofile augmentation and in terms of CS enhancement.
Constrained in-loop filtering for error resiliency in high efficiency video coding (2013)

In error-prone environments, packets could be lost during the transmission of compressed video bitstream, and corrupted errors by the lost packets could be propagated until it meets a refresh point. To defect the error propagation, constrained intra-prediction in high efficiency video coding (HEVC) performs intra-prediction using only neighboring intra-coded samples. However, the errors could be propagated to intra-coded blocks by an in-loop filtering process, since the in-loop filtering is performed regardless of the prediction modes of blocks, even though constrained intra-prediction is used. In this paper, a constrained in-loop filtering is proposed to protect intra-coded samples from error propagation by adaptively applying filters depending on the prediction modes of reconstructed blocks. Simulation results show that the proposed method alleviates the distortion of the decoded pictures and thereby improves both subjective and objective quality compared with the HEVC standard.
Superresolution and noise filtering using moving least squares (2006)

An irregularly spaced sampling raster formed from a sequence of low-resolution frames is the input to an image sequence superresolution algorithm whose output is the set of image intensity values at the desired high-resolution image grid. The method of moving least squares (MLS) in polynomial space has proved to be useful in filtering the noise and approximating scattered data by minimizing a weighted mean-square error norm, but introducing blur in the process. Starting with the continuous version of the MLS, an explicit expression for the filter bandwidth is obtained as a function of the polynomial order of approximation and the standard deviation (scale) of the Gaussian weight function. A discrete implementation of the MLS is performed on images and the effect of choice of the two dependent parameters, scale and order, on noise filtering and reduction of blur introduced during the MLS process is studied.
Energy Landscape of the Domain Movement in Staphylococcus aureus UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (2019)

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of resistant healthcare-associated infections. It has been shown that the Wall Teichoic Acid (WTA) may be an important drug target acting on antibiotic-resistant cells. The UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, MnaA, is one of the first enzymes on the pathway for the biosynthesis of the WTA. Here, detailed molecular dynamics simulations of S. aureus MnaA were used to characterize the conformational changes that occur in the presence of UDP and UDP-GlcNac and also the energetic landscape associated with these changes. Using different simulation techniques, such as ABMD and GAMD, it was possible to assess the energetic profile for the protein with and without ligands in its active site. We found that there is a dynamic energy landscape that has its minimum changed by the presence of the ligands, with a closed structure of the enzyme being more frequently observed for the bound state while the unbound enzyme favors an opened conformation. Further structural analysis indicated that positively charged amino acids associated with UDP and UDP-GlcNac interactions play a major role in the enzyme opening movement. Finally, the energy landscape profiled in this work provides important conclusions for the design of inhibitor candidates targeting S. aureus MnaA.
A Simple13C NMR Method for the Discrimination of Complex Mixtures of Stereoisomers: All Eight Stereoisomers of α‐Tocopherol Resolved (2015)

A simple one-dimensional (13)C NMR method is presented to discriminate between stereoisomers of organic compounds with more than one chiral center. By means of this method it is possible to discriminate between all eight stereoisomers of α-tocopherol. To achieve this the chiral solvating agent (S)-(+)-1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and the compound of interest were dissolved in high concentrations in chloroform-d, and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum was recorded at a low temperature. The individual stereoisomers of α-tocopherol were assigned by spikes of the reference compounds. The method was also applied to six other representative examples.
Understanding System Zeros (1993)

An intuitive physical interpretation of a transfer function's poles is easily made: the natural frequencies of the system. A similar physical interpretation of a transfer function's zeros can also be made: the natural frequencies of special subsystems. In this paper, such an interpretation is advanced for certain spring-mass-damper systems using a rigorous and intuitive demonstration. This interpretation may serve as a useful paradigm for understanding the relationship between structural dynamics and transfer functions.
A Planar Magnetically Coupled Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System Using Printed Spiral Coils (2014)

A fully planar wireless power transfer (WPT) system via strongly coupled magnetic resonances is presented. In it, both the transmitter and the receiver are planarized with the use of coplanar printed spiral coils (PSCs) and a printed loop. An equivalent circuit model of the proposed planar WPT system is derived to facilitate the design, and a flowchart is provided for the optimization of the system with given size constraints. To realize high peak power transfer efficiency, the quality factor of individual loop or resonator, the mutual coupling between resonators, and the frequency splitting phenomenon of the system are analyzed in addition to the effect of the input impedance of the system on the transmission efficiency. Furthermore, parallel current paths are created by applying auxiliary strips to the backside of the substrates and connecting to the prime resonators using vias to decrease the resistance and to increase the quality factor of the PSC resonators, and this in turn further improves the transfer efficiency of the proposed planar WPT system. The measured results show that the proposed WPT system is able to provide a stable wireless power transfer with up to 81.68% efficiency at a distance of 10 cm. The planar structure and the high transfer efficiency make the proposed design a suitable candidate for wireless power transfer of small portable electronic devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of the I3 Imidazoline Receptor Antagonist KU14R and Related 2,3‐Dihydrobenzo[b]furan Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nanocrystalline MgB4O7:Dy for high dose measurement of gamma radiation (2007)

Abstract Magnesium borate activated by dysprosium (MgB 4 O 7 :Dy) is a low‐Z eff , tissue‐equivalent material that is commonly used for medical dosimetry of ionizing radiations such as gamma and X‐rays using the thermoluminescence (TL) technique. Nanocrystals of the same material are produced and their TL characteristics are studied. It is found that the nanocrystalline MgB 4 O 7 :Dy with a dopant concentration of 1000 ppm is the most sensitive amongst varying dopant concentrations, with its sensitivity equal to 0.025 times that of the standard phosphor CaSO 4 :Dy. The glow curve has two peaks at 154 °C and 221 °C. The nanophosphor has very poor sensitivity for low doses up to 10 Gy but beyond this dose the phosphor exhibits a linear response up to 5000 Gy. On increasing the dose further the response first becomes supralinear and then sublinear, finally resulting into saturation. Considering also its low fading particularly under post‐irradiation annealing and excellent reusability features, this nanophosphor may be used for high dose (10–5000 Gy) measurements of ionizing radiations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on the Pathophysiology of Encephalopathy in Reye's Syndrome: Hyperammonemia in Reye's Syndrome (1975)

The initial acid-base status of eight survivors of Reye's syndrome was characterized by acute respiratory alkalosis (Pco2=32 mm Hg; Hco3-=22.0 mEq/liter) while that of eight children who died was associated with metabolic acidosis as well (HCO3-=10.0 mEg/liter). Arterial-internal jugular venous ammonia concentration differences on day 1 (299 mg/100 ml) and day 2 (90 mg/100 ml) reflected cerebral uptake of ammonia while those on days 3 and 4 (-43 and -55 mg/100 ml) demonstrated cerebral release. Arterial blood hyperammonemia can be detoxified safely in the brain as long as the levels do not exceed approximately 300mug/100 ml. Beyond that level lactic acidosis is observed, particularly in cerebral venous drainage. Arterial blood hyperammonemia was also related to the extent of alveolar hyperventilation. These findings are very similar to those seen in experimental hyperammonemia and support the concept that neurotoxicity in children with Reye's syndrome is at least partly due to impaired oxidative metabolism secondary to hyperammonemia.
Playing Hardball with Hydrogen: Metastable Mechanochemical Hydrogenation of Magnesium Nitride (2012)

Although thermodynamically unfavorable, magnesium nitride hydrogenation was realized by high-energy ball milling via the formation of hydride and amide or imide. Using a vibratory mill at room temperature, with initial H2 pressures of 40–80 bar, a constant-rate pressure decrease was observed throughout 200 h experiments, reflecting hydrogenation reaction progress. A combination of 1H and 15N solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques was used to identify unambiguously the reaction products as the metastable solid mixture of magnesium hydride and magnesium amide/imide. The NMR shows that the reaction products are disordered and of nonbulk, noncrystalline character. Our thermodynamic analysis shows that considerable pressure elevation and mechanical surface destabilization favor the hydrogenation reaction. We present an original model which suggests for the first time that the local gas pressure rises considerably in a confined zone of the fine powder impacted by colliding balls in the mill. This model describes a flow-restricted, short-term, nearly isothermal pressure elevation. The demonstrated ability to facilitate such thermodynamic unfavorable reactions and create a metastable hydrogen-rich product suggests a new concept for hydrogen storage and chemical conversion processes.
Data from A Phase I Study of CPI-613 in Combination with High-Dose Cytarabine and Mitoxantrone for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; CPI-613, a lipoate analogue that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketogluterate dehydrogenase (KGDH), has activity in patients with myeloid malignancies. This study explored the role of mitochondrial metabolism in chemotherapy response and determined the MTD, efficacy, and safety of CPI-613 combined with high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The role of mitochondrial response to chemotherapy was assessed in cell lines and animal models. A phase I study of CPI-613 plus cytarabine and mitoxantrone was conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory AML.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Exposure to chemotherapy induced mitochondrial oxygen consumption that depended on PDH. CPI-613 sensitized AML cells to chemotherapy indicating that mitochondrial metabolism is a source of resistance. Loss of p53 did not alter response to CPI-613. The phase I study enrolled 67 patients and 62 were evaluable for response. The overall response rate was 50% (26CR+5CRi/62). Median survival was 6.7 months. In patients over 60 years old, the CR/CRi rate was 47% (15/32) with a median survival of 6.9 months. The response rate for patients with poor-risk cytogenetics also was encouraging with 46% (11/24 patients) achieving a CR or CRi. RNA sequencing analysis of a subset of baseline bone marrow samples revealed a gene expression signature consistent with the presence of B cells in the pretreatment marrow of responders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The addition of CPI-613 to chemotherapy is a promising approach in older patients and those with poor-risk cytogenetics. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2060–73. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Glutamine Antagonist JHU-083 Normalizes Aberrant Hippocampal Glutaminase Activity and Improves Cognition in APOE4 Mice (2020)

These results suggest that the attenuation of upregulated hippocampal glutaminase by JHU-083 represents a new therapeutic strategy for AD.
Hyperactivation of the Mammalian Degenerin MDEG Promotes Caspase-8 Activation and Apoptosis (2012)

Intracellular calcium overload plays a critical role in numerous pathological syndromes such as heart failure, brain ischemia, and stroke. Hyperactivation of the acid-sensing ion channels including degenerin/epithelial amiloride-sensitive sodium (DEG/ENaC) channels has been shown to elevate intracellular calcium and cause subsequent neuronal cell death that is independent of the canonical Egl-1/Ced-9/Ced-4/Ced-3 apoptotic pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. In mammalian cells, hyperactivation of the DEG/ENaC channels can also lead to cell death, although the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we use a tetracycline-inducible system to express the hyperactivation mutant of a mammalian DEG/ENaC channel protein, MDEG G430F, in murine kidney epithelial cells deficient in the key mitochondrial apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. Remarkably, expression of MDEG G430F induces increased intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. The MDEG G430F-induced cell death is blocked by the intracellular calcium chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (acetoxymethyl ester), ROS scavengers, and the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (where z and fmk are benzyloxycarbonyl and fluoromethyl ketone). Mechanistically, the intracellular calcium overload and ROS increase lead to the inhibition of proteasomal and autophagic protein degradation, which promotes the accumulation of protein aggregates containing caspase-8 and subsequent caspase-8 activation. As protein aggregation upon the inhibition of proteasomal and autophagic degradation pathways is mediated by the ubiquitin-binding protein SQSTM1/p62 and the autophagy-related protein LC3, silencing of p62 and LC3 protects cells from MDEG G430F-induced cell death. Our results uncover a new mechanism of caspase-8-mediated apoptosis induced by intracellular calcium overload that is dependent on the autophagy-related proteins LC3 and p62 upon hyperactivation of DEG/ENaC channels.
Rifampin Reduces Early Mortality in ExperimentalStreptococcus pneumoniaeMeningitis (1999)

Compared with beta-lactam antibiotics, rifampin releases smaller quantities of proinflammatory cell wall products from Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. Mice infected intracerebrally with S. pneumoniae were treated subcutaneously with 2-mg doses of rifampin or ceftriaxone (n=43 each) every 12 h for 3 days and then observed for another 3 days. Rifampin reduced overall mortality from 49% to 26% (P=.04). Kaplan-Meyer analysis revealed a substantial reduction of mortality during the first 24 h in mice receiving rifampin (difference in survival time: P=.007). Eight h after receiving a single 2-mg dose of rifampin or ceftriaxone, rifampin-treated mice had lower serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of lipoteichoic and teichoic acids than did ceftriaxone-treated mice (median serum level: <0.5 vs. 27.0 ng/mL, P=.02; median cerebrospinal fluid level of pooled specimens: 97.5 vs. 206.0 ng/mL). Thus, the use of rifampin appears promising for reducing the release of proinflammatory bacterial components and decreasing early mortality in bacterial meningitis.
Evaluation of the deep nonlinear metric learning based speaker identification on the large scale of voiceprint corpus (2016)

Speaker recognition is a valuable biometric recognition technology. Recently, with the development of deep learning, many deep network based speaker recognition algorithms are proposed. However, the evaluations on the speaker recognition algorithms are always performed on a small or middle scale of voiceprint corpus. There are few evaluation reports of speaker recognition on a large scale of voiceprint corpus. In this paper, we try to introduce a deep nonlinear metric learning based speaker identification algorithm and construct a larger scale of voiceprint corpus consisting of about 440 thousand people. We perform the evaluation of the deep nonlinear metric learning based method on the large scale corpus and give the recognition rate results in different scales. The evaluation results prove that, the performance is surely decreased when the scale of the corpus is increased. But for the scale of 400 thousand, the recognition rate of Top 50 is stable at about 95%, which means that it could be used in some real applications.
The Effect of a Postbiotic Produced by Stabilized Non-Viable Lactobacilli on the Health, Growth Performance, Immunity, and Gut Status of Colisepticaemic Broiler Chickens (2022)

Abstract This work was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a postbiotic compound produced by stabilized non-viable Lactobacilli on the health, growth performance, immunity, and gut status against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) challenge of broiler chickens. A total of 400, day-old broiler chicks were allocated into 4 equal groups (1-4) consisting of 100; each assigned into 2 equal replicates (50 each). Chickens in the 1st group were received the dry form of the compound at doses of 1 kg and 0.5 kg /ton feed for starter and grower, and the finisher diets; respectively. Chickens in the 2nd group were given the aqueous form of the compound in a dose of 4 ml/liter of the drinking water during the first 3 days of life and at a day before and after each vaccination. Feed and water treatments regimens were administered to chickens in the 3rd group. Group (4) was kept without treatment. Each bird in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th group was challenged with E. coli (O78) at one-week-old. All groups were kept under observation till 5-week-old. The results indicated that both treatments with the postbiotic compound induced more significant (P≤ 0.05) amelioration of a disease picture, enhancement of growth performance, boosting of immune response, improvement of bursa/body weight ratio, and reduction of intestinal coliform count in challenged chickens when compared with challenged non-treated chickens. In conclusion, the posbiotic compound either in a dry and/or an aqueous form is recommended for improving the health, performance, and immunity of colisepticaemic broiler chickens.