gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Empowering Truth Discovery with Multi-Truth Prediction (2016)

Truth discovery is the problem of detecting true values from the conflicting data provided by multiple sources on the same data items. Since sources' reliability is unknown a priori, a truth discovery method usually estimates sources' reliability along with the truth discovery process. A major limitation of existing truth discovery methods is that they commonly assume exactly one true value on each data item and therefore cannot deal with the more general case that a data item may have multiple true values (or multi-truth). Since the number of true values may vary from data item to data item, this requires truth discovery methods being able to detect varying numbers of truth values from the multi-source data. In this paper, we propose a multi-truth discovery approach, which addresses the above challenges by providing a generic framework for enhancing existing truth discovery methods. In particular, we redeem the numbers of true values as an important clue for facilitating multi-truth discovery. We present the procedure and components of our approach, and propose three models, namely the byproduct model, the joint model, and the synthesis model to implement our approach. We further propose two extensions to enhance our approach, by leveraging the implications of similar numerical values and values' co-occurrence information in sources' claims to improve the truth discovery accuracy. Experimental studies on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
New insights of an energy flow visualization into vehicle design (2010)

In order to improve the product quality and to reduce the time-to-market in the vehicle development process, the use of new design tools is of fundamental importance. Providing additional insights in the structural response of the vehicle structure can lead to better understanding and subsequent improvement of the functional performance in terms of noise and vibration. An example is the use of energy as a response variable, originated from finite element (FE) responses, through the so-called Energy Flow Analysis (EFA). Since the outcome of this method complements the information provided by established variables as pressure or velocity, one can reveal important information regarding the understanding of the vibro-acoustic behavior of the system. The evaluation of the structural energy and its dominant energy flow paths can assist a design engineer in making design modifications, guided through an alternative perspective based on energy variables. The main interest in understanding the energy flow distribution among the subsystems is the identification of the dominant energy paths along a structure. The global energy overview can be used to investigate why and how the energy flow propagates over a certain region. This can provide new information regarding the designed structure for a fixed set of parameters and excitation localization. Subsequently, a design modification can be made within some specific components to change the energy transmission and so to redistribute the overall energy levels in the structure.
Application of nonlinear systems theory to transonic unsteady aerodynamic responses (1993)

A methodology is presented for using the Volterra-Wiener theory of nonlinear systems in aeroservoelastic (ASE) analyses and design. The theory is applied to the development of nonlinear aerodynamic response models that can be defined in state-space form and are, therefore, appropriate for use in modern control theory. The Volterra-Wiener theory relies on the identification of nonlinear kernels that can be used to predict the response of a nonlinear system due to an arbitrary input. A numerical kernel identification technique, based on unit impulse responses, is presented and applied to a simple bilinear, single-input-single-output (SISO) system. The linear kernel (unit impulse response) and the nonlinear second-order kernel of the system are numerically identified and compared with the exact, analytically defined linear and second-order kernels. This kernel identification technique is then applied to the computational aeroelasticity program-transonic small disturbance (CAP-TSD) code for identification of the linear and second-order kernels of a NACA64A010 rectangular wing undergoing pitch at M = 0.5, M = 0.85 (transonic), and M = 0.93 (transonic). Results presented demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for use with nonlinear, unsteady aerodynamic responses.
Comparative study of 2D ultrasound imaging methods in the f-k domain and evaluation of their performances in a realistic NDT configuration (2018)

In this paper, we present two frequency-domain algorithms for 2D imaging with plane wave emissions, namely Stolt’s migration and Lu’s method. The theoretical background is first presented, followed by an analysis of the algorithm complexities. The frequency-domain methods are then compared to the time-domain plane wave imaging in a realistic inspection configuration where the array elements are not in contact with the specimen. Imaging defects located far away from the array aperture is assessed and computation times for the three methods are presented as a function of the number of pixels of the reconstructed image. We show that Lu’s method provides a time gain of up to 33 compared to the time-domain algorithm, and demonstrate the limitations of Stolt’s migration for defects far away from the aperture.
Similar Idiotypic Specificity for the Membrane IgD and IgM of Human B Lymphocytes (1975)

Certain cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia possess monoclonal bands in the serum. Idiotypic antibodies to the isolated IgM protein of one such case demonstrated that the leukemic lymphocytes carried the identical specificity on their lymphocytes. Both the lymphocyte IgM and the IgD possessed this same specificity. This was demonstrated best through the use of rhodamine-conjugated Fab fragments of IgM- and IgD-specific antisera which were both capped by the idiotypic antiserum.
Management of adults with Tetralogy of Fallot (2013)

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of cyanotic congenital cardiac disease. Patients with previously repaired tetralogy of Fallot are the most common patients seen in the Program for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease at The Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute. Guidelines for the management of these patients are available from multiple sources including The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and The American Heart Association (AHA), The Canadian Cardiovascular Society, and The European Society of Cardiology (ESC). These guidelines describe multiple components related to the care for these patients including strategies for medical follow-up, the management of arrhythmias and electrophysiological diseases, and the treatment of chronic pulmonary insufficiency and stenosis. Several new strategies are available for replacement of the pulmonary valve including transcatheter replacement of the pulmonary valve and replacement of the pulmonary valve with a self-manufactured bicuspid polytetrafluoroethylene pulmonary valve.
Synthesis of quinolinylaminopyrimidines and quinazolinylmethylaminopyrimidines with antiproliferative activity against melanoma cell line (2014)

Synthesis of a new series of quinolinylaminopyrimidines 1a-k and quinazolinylmethylaminopyrimidines 2a-i containing aminoquinoline and aminoquinazoline as hinge regions is described. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities against A375P human melanoma cell line were tested. Among them, compounds 1h and 1k exhibited the highest antiproliferative activities against A375P cell line with IC50 values in sub-micromolar scale. Compounds 1i, 2b and 2g showed similar potency against A375P to Sorafenib as a reference compound. The representative compound 1h showed high, dose-dependent inhibition of MEK and ERK kinases.
P0620OXIDANT-INDUCED RENAL PRECONDITIONING BIOMARKERS FOR AKI PREVENTION WITH RBT-1 (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims Ischemic preconditioning has shown tissue protective effects in various organs including kidneys in animal models. However, the translation of these findings to human acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been successful, at least partly because of difficulty in simulating an ischemic state, as attempted by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). RBT-1 is a novel therapeutic composed of SnPP (tin protoporphyrin) and FeS (iron sucrose) and was designed to induce non-ischemic, oxidant renal preconditioning to prevent AKI. It has shown efficacy in various models of AKI: glycerol-induced (rhabdomyolysis), maleate (ATP depletion), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and post-AKI progression to CKD (long-term progression). This study investigated the mechanism of action of RBT-1 in mice, and its translation to the clinical setting. Method Male CD-1 mice were pretreated with control or RBT-1 for 18 hours; animals were then sacrificed for assessment of biomarkers of cytoprotection. Nrf2-/- mice were treated for 18 hours with RBT-1 prior to indication of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); AKI was assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine (PCr). Patients with CKD (Stage 3 and 4) were enrolled in Phase 1 studies of FeS and SnPP and cytoprotective biomarkers were assessed. Results In mice, RBT-1 significantly increased several Nrf2-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory genes, such as HO-1, NQO1, SRXN1, and GCLC. RBT-1 also increased cytoprotective heavy chain ferritin (Fhc) levels. Nrf2-/- mice were resistant to RBT-1-mediated protection against AKI. At baseline, CKD patients had elevated plasma HO-1 and urinary NQO1 levels. Ferritin and hemopexin levels were also elevated at baseline. RBT-1 components were shown to further increase HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and hemopexin in patients with CKD. Conclusion RBT-1 represents a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of AKI. It mediates kidney protection by upregulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Translation of RBT-1-mediated upregulation of cytoprotective markers has been demonstrated in the clinic in patients with CKD. These data, along with the broad range of RBT-1 activity previously shown in various models of AKI, highlight the potential of RBT-1 in AKI and suggest oxidant-induced renal preconditioning may be protective in preventing AKI.
Iodide-Catalyzed Reductions: Development of a Synthesis of Phenylacetic Acids (2011)

A new convenient and scalable synthesis of phenylacetic acids has been developed via the iodide catalyzed reduction of mandelic acids. The procedure relies on in situ generation of hydroiodic acid from catalytic sodium iodide, employing phosphorus acid as the stoichiometric reductant.
Large-volume protein crystal growth for neutron macromolecular crystallography (2015)

Neutron macromolecular crystallography (NMC) is the prevailing method for the accurate determination of the positions of H atoms in macromolecules. As neutron sources are becoming more available to general users, finding means to optimize the growth of protein crystals to sizes suitable for NMC is extremely important. Historically, much has been learned about growing crystals for X-ray diffraction. However, owing to new-generation synchrotron X-ray facilities and sensitive detectors, protein crystal sizes as small as in the nano-range have become adequate for structure determination, lessening the necessity to grow large crystals. Here, some of the approaches, techniques and considerations for the growth of crystals to significant dimensions that are now relevant to NMC are revisited. These include experimental strategies utilizing solubility diagrams, ripening effects, classical crystallization techniques, microgravity and theoretical considerations.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reaction of Carbazole (I) with Acetone (II) in the Presence of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride. A One‐Step Synthesis of 1,1,3‐Trimethyl‐1H‐pyrido(3,2,1‐jk)carbazole (III). (1988)

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 25 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reaction of Carbazole (I) with Acetone (II) in the Presence of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride. A One-Step Synthesis of 1,1,3-Trimethyl-1H-pyrido(3,2,1-jk)carbazole (III). N. V. MOSKALEV, N. V. MOSKALEV Tomskii politekhn. inst. im. Kirova, Tomsk 634004Search for more papers by this authorV. D. FILIMONOV, V. D. FILIMONOV Tomskii politekhn. inst. im. Kirova, Tomsk 634004Search for more papers by this author N. V. MOSKALEV, N. V. MOSKALEV Tomskii politekhn. inst. im. Kirova, Tomsk 634004Search for more papers by this authorV. D. FILIMONOV, V. D. FILIMONOV Tomskii politekhn. inst. im. Kirova, Tomsk 634004Search for more papers by this author First published: June 21, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198825188AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue25June 21, 1988 RelatedInformation
Characteristic Features of Heat Transfer of Tube Bundles in a Cross Water–Air Flow and a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed (2003)

As a result of studies of heat transfer between horizontal in-line and staggered tubes and a gas–liquid flow, heat transfer of higher intensity was obtained as compared with a single-phase liquid flow. The presence of solid particles in a gas-liquid flow, i.e., formation of a three-phase fluidized bed, results in a greater intensity of pulses (liquid-phase velocity and pressure fluctuations) near the heat-transfer surface. These fluctuations cause an increase in the heat-transfer coefficient for smaller Reynolds numbers.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors at the crossroads: the combinational therapeutic strategies in breast cancer—a narrative review (2021)

Abstract: The successful development of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors is of milestone significance. Since 2015, three CDK4/6 selective inhibitors (palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib) have been developed by virtue of their outstanding performance in a series of studies, such as PALOMA, MONALEESA, and MONARCH. As CDK4/6 inhibitor monotherapy shows limited effectiveness, besides endocrine therapy (tamoxifen, AI, fulvestrant), an increasing number of laboratories and clinical researches exploring CDK4/6 inhibitor in combination with targeted therapy (HER2 targeted therapy, PI3K-mTOR/AKT/FGFR/PARP inhibitors), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, have emerged and exhibited broad prospects in breast cancer treatment, indicating that the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors does not restrict to hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancers. This review summarizes and discusses the advances in combinational strategies of CDK4/6 inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer to further expand its clinical efficacy, overcoming endocrine and even CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance. The combined therapies have achieved favorable clinical efficacy with tolerable adverse effects. However, more efforts are warranted to investigate the better combinations for individuals. The precise choice of target population, the extensive search of predictive biomarkers, and the deep exploration of resistance mechanisms might be the future directions, which will assist us in seeking more beneficial strategies of combined therapy for individuals to improve survival.
Sub-Nanometer Scale Measurements of Silicon Oxide Thickness by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1998)

Possibility and limitation of sub-nanometer thickness measurements with spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) of ultrathin silicon oxide on hydrogen-terminated silicon were investigated, in comparison with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements of the same sample. Experimental results obtained from SE showed ultraslow growth of the oxide with the increase of time in air t (hours) at the rate of 0.7·log 10 t (nm) up to 100 hours. During the hydrogen termination prevented from the oxidation for 4 hours by XPS observation, the `oxide thickness' remained at 0.3 nm at the initial stage of the oxidation by SE measurements.
Direct Observation of Oligomerization by Single Molecule Fluorescence Reveals a Multistep Aggregation Mechanism for the Yeast Prion Protein Ure2 (2018)

The self-assembly of polypeptides into amyloid structures is associated with a range of increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative diseases as well as with a select set of functional processes in biology. The phenomenon of self-assembly results in species with dramatically different sizes, from small oligomers to large fibrils; however, the kinetic relationship between these species is challenging to characterize. In the case of prion aggregates, these structures can self-replicate and act as infectious agents. Here we use single molecule spectroscopy to obtain quantitative information on the oligomer populations formed during aggregation of the yeast prion protein Ure2. Global analysis of the aggregation kinetics reveals the molecular mechanism underlying oligomer formation and depletion. Quantitative characterization indicates that the majority of Ure2 oligomers are relatively short-lived, and their rate of dissociation is much higher than their rate of conversion into growing fibrils. We identify an initial metastable oligomer, which can subsequently convert into a structurally distinct oligomer, which in turn converts into growing fibrils. We also show that fragmentation is responsible for the autocatalytic self-replication of Ure2 fibrils, but that preformed fibrils do not promote oligomer formation, indicating that secondary nucleation of the type observed for peptides and proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease does not occur at a significant rate for Ure2. These results establish a framework for elucidating the temporal and causal relationship between oligomers and larger fibrillar species in amyloid forming systems, and provide insights into why functional amyloid systems are not toxic to their host organisms.
Regioselective Synthesis of the 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrrol‐4‐one Skeleton: A New Class of Compounds (2010)

Abstract We hereby report the first preparation of the 5,6‐dihydro‐4 H ‐furo[2,3‐ c ]pyrrol‐4‐one ( 3 ) and its derivatives starting from methyl 3‐(methoxycarbonyl)furan‐2‐acetate ( 8 ). The ester functionality connected to the methylene group was regiospecifically converted to the desired monohydrazide 9 . Conversion of 9 into the acyl azide 10 followed by Curtius rearrangement gave the corresponding isocyanate derivative 11 ( Scheme 2 ). Reaction of 11 with different nucleophiles produced urethane and urea derivatives ( Scheme 3 ). Intramolecular cyclization reactions provided the target compounds ( Scheme 5 ). Removal of the amine‐protecting group formed the title compound 3 .
Detecting precatalytic conformational changes in F1-ATPase with 4-benzoyl(benzoyl)-1-amidofluorescein, a novel fluorescent nucleotide site-specific photoaffinity label. (1990)

A novel photoaffinity label for studies with the F1-ATPase has been synthesized and found to be an effective reporter of subunit conformational changes that occur in this enzyme upon multiple nucleotide-binding site occupancy. The new probe, 4-benzoyl(benzoyl)-1-amidofluorescein (BzAF), which possesses structural similarity to purine nucleotides, exhibits bifunctional characteristics that enable it to bind covalently to the exchangeable nucleotide sites on beef heart F1 (via photoactivation of the benzophenone moiety) and, once covalently linked, emit environmentally sensitive fluorescence (via selective excitation of the fluorescein moiety). BzAF binds competitively with ATP in the absence of illumination, with a KI of 50 microM. Under actinic irradiation necessary for generating the covalently reacting diradical triplet state of benzophenone, BzAF behaves as a nucleotide site-directed photoaffinity label of exchangeable (catalytic) sites, and the resulting photoinhibition of ATPase activity displays pseudo first-order rate-saturation kinetics that support formation of a dissociable BzAF.F1 complex (k-1/k1 = 58 microM) prior to covalent binding. The BzAF-induced photoinactivation is protectable with native nucleotide ligand (e.g. MgADP, Kprotect = 0.4 mM). Added corroboration of a catalytic cooperativity mechanism for F1 was obtained by finding a molar stoichiometric ratio [( 3H]BzAF:F1) of 1 required for complete inhibition of ATPase activity. Steady-state fluorescence studies with a unisite-labeled BzAF.F1 complex (a catalytically inactive species on which at least one exchangeable nucleotide-binding site remains unoccupied) display a saturable fluorescence quenching of the bound fluorescein upon titration with MgADP, but no change with MgAMP. These data imply that the filling of more than one of the catalytic binding sites/mol of F1 with nucleotide signals a precatalytic conformational adjustment that is transmitted between catalytic sites and across the beta-alpha-beta domain of the enzyme's subunit structure.
Piezoelectric versus electrostatic actuation for a capacitive RF-MEMS switch (2002)

In this paper, piezoelectric actuation is compared with electrostatic actuation for application in RF-MEMS switches with respect to actuation voltage and technological implementation. The expression for the actuation voltages of electrostatic and piezoelectric actuation are discussed and compared with respect to scaling. Calculation examples show actuation voltages for a cantilever beam of 1 m thick and 100 m long of 25.0V for electrostatic actuation and 18.9V and 2.39V for piezoelectric actuation with AlN and PZT as the piezoelectric layers respectively. From a technological point of view, the electrostatic switch is the easiest to implement, compared to piezoelectric actuation.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Nonfoamy Rather Than Foamy Plaque Macrophages Are Proinflammatory in Atherosclerotic Murine Models (2018)

RNA sequencing analysis of intimal macrophages from atherosclerotic aorta revealed that lipid-loaded plaque macrophages are not likely the plaque macrophages that drive lesional inflammation.
Compartmental Syndromes (1980)

Although uncommon, compartmental syndromes may be encountered by physicians of almost any specialty, because they can arise under a variety of circumstances. Prompt diagnosis, made on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms, and usually surgical decompression of involved and potentially involved compartments can obviate significant or total loss of neuromuscular function in the affected limb.