gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared radiometry of dental enamel during Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser irradiation (1996)

Time-resolved infrared (IR) radiometry was used to measure surface temperatures during pulsed Er:YSGG (l=2.79 mm) and Er:YAG (l=2.94 mm) laser irradiation of dental enamel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the melting and vaporization thresholds and to characterize other changes in the surface morphology. The magnitude and temporal evolution of the surface temperature during multiplepulse irradiation of the tissue was dependent on the wavelength, fluence, and pre-exposure to laser pulses. Radiometry and SEM micrographs indicate that ablation is initiated at temperatures well below the melting and vaporization temperatures of the carbonated hydroxyapatite mineral component (1200 °C). Ablation occurred at lower surface temperatures and at lower fluences for Er:YAG than for Er:YSGG laser irradiation: 400 °C vs. 800 °C and above 7 J/cm2 vs. 18 J/cm2, respectively. However, the measured surface temperatures were higher at l=2.79 mm than at l=2.94 mm during low fluence irradiation (<7 J/cm2). Spatially dependent absorption in the enamel matrix is proposed to explain this apparent contradiction.
Voriconazole Levels Indicate That Pediatric Prophylaxis Dosing May be Insufficient (2017)

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) contribute to morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Voriconazole is an antifungal with broad activity that is increasingly used for prophylaxis in the pediatric HSCT patients; however, the optimal starting dose and the influence of ethnicity on this is unknown. This information would diminish time to rapidly achieve therapeutic levels in order to minimize IFI risk. Methods: We retrospectively examined voriconazole dosing and levels in consecutive pediatric HSCT patients at our institution for whom at least one serum trough voriconazolelevel was obtained within two weeks of starting the drug in order to identify characteristics that may allow more individualized doing. Voriconazole troughs were collected until a therapeutic concentration was obtained (>1 ug/ml). A subset of patients was available and consented to a prospective analysis of P450 polymorphisms. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included: allogeneic (n = 65) or autologous (n = 4) HSCT, mean age 10.19 years (7.6-12.7), 27% Caucasian, 10.5% Hispanic, 43% African American, 7.5% Asian, 12% mixed ethnicity. Higher starting doses (4 > /=mg/kg) were associated with increased drug levels at first trough, median .54 ug/ml (n = 41) vs 2.6 ug/ml (n = 26), P = .001. The median time to therapeutic levels in patientsreceiving 4 mg/kg or less was 31.9 days vs 19.6 days for those receiving >4 mg/kg, P = .022. There were also significant differences between: (i) proportion of patients with an undetectable first level versus those taking longer than the cohort mean (Table 1) and (ii) the mean time to achieve therapeutic levels and age (P = .03). 50% of African Americans and Caucasians took longer time to achieve therapeutic levels (P = .63). Pharmacogenomics testing to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP2C19 suggested a trend between ethnicity and poor metabolizers and consequently the time to achieve therapeutic levels (Figure 1).Table 1Figure 1Relationship between ethnicity and time to achieve therapeutic level (top panel) and CYP2C19 genotyping (bottom panel).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Conclusions: Initial voriconazole dosing at > 4 mg/kg results in a significantly higher first dose trough and decreased time to therapeutic and less susceptibility to IFI. Race may prove to be a factor when dosing voriconazole, this may relate to differences in P450 phenoytypes across ethnicities. Additional investigation into genetic polymorphisms and time to achieve target voriconazole levels is underway for the entire cohort.
Hautveränderungen bei COVID-19 können Erkenntnisse für Pathophysiologie liefern (2021)

Nach Beginn der weltweiten COVID-19-Pandemie wurde deutlich: Die Erkrankung betrifft nicht nur die Atmungsorgane, sondern hat Auswirkungen auf viele andere Organsysteme, die bisher allenfalls rudimentär verstanden sind. Forschung in all diesen Bereichen ist letztendlich jedoch auch v. a. deshalb wichtig, weil daraus mehr über COVID-19 selbst, die Erkennung und die Therapie abgeleitet werden könnte.
Carbamate Insecticides: Synergism by Organothiocyanates1 (1964)

Isotronyl thiocyanoacetate and related thiocyanates were shown to be highly synergistic when used in combination with several insecticidal carbamates against the house fly, Musca domestica L. Synergism comparable to that obtained with commercially available methylenedioxyphenyl synergists was demonstrated against susceptible and carbamate-resistant flies. Experiments with C14-labeled carbamates showed that the synergism involved inhibition of the biochemical detoxication of the carbamate within the body of the fly.
TLR4 Is Necessary for Hyaluronan-mediated Airway Hyperresponsiveness after Ozone Inhalation (2009)

Our observations support the observation that extracellular matrix HA contributes to ozone-induced airways disease. Furthermore, our results support that TLR4 contributes to the biological response to HA by mediating both the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the development of ozone-induced AHR.
A Combined Design-Time/Test-Time Study of the Vulnerability of Sub-Threshold Devices to Low Voltage Fault Attacks (2014)

The continuous scaling of VLSI technology and the possibility to run circuits in subthreshold voltage range make it possible to implement standard cryptographic primitives within the very limited circuit and power budget of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. However, such cryptographic implementations raise concerns regarding their vulnerability to both active and passive side-channel attacks. In particular, when focusing on RFID targeted designs, it is important to evaluate their resistance against low-cost physical attacks. A low-cost fault injection attack can be mounted, for example, by lowering the supply voltage of the chip with the goal of causing setup time violations. In this paper, we provide an in-depth characterization of a chip implementation of the AES cipher. The chip has been designed using a 65-nm low-power standard cell library and operates in a subthreshold voltage range. We first show that it is possible to inject faults (through lowering the supply voltage) compliant with the fault models required to perform attacks against the AES cipher. We then investigate the possibility of predicting, at design time, which parts of the chip are more likely to be sensitive to such fault injection attacks and produce the desirable (from the point of view of the attacker) faulty behavior. Identifying such sensitive logic signals allows us to suggest to the designer a tailored countermeasure strategy for thwarting these attacks, with a minimal impact on the circuit's performance.
Differential colorimetry measurements of fluctuation growth in nanofilms exposed to large surface thermal gradients (2019)

Slender liquid nanofilms exposed to large surface thermal gradients are known to undergo thickness fluctuations, which rapidly self-organize into arrays of nanoprotrusions with a separation distance of tens of microns. We previously reported good agreement between measurements of the characteristic spacing and the wavelength of the most unstable mode predicted by a linear stability analysis based on a long wavelength thermocapillary model. Here, we focus on differential colorimetry measurements to quantify early time out-of-plane growth of protrusions for peak heights spanning 20 to 200 nm. Analysis of peak heights based on shape reconstruction reveals robust exponential growth. Good quantitative agreement of the growth rates with the thermocapillary model is obtained using a single fit constant to account for material parameters of nanofilms that could not be measured directly. These findings lend further support to the conjecture that the array protrusions uncovered almost two decades ago likely stem from a linear instability, whose growth rate is controlled by thermocapillary forces counterbalanced by capillary forces.
Conditional deletion of STAT5 in adult mouse hematopoietic stem cells causes loss of quiescence and permits efficient nonablative stem cell replacement (2009)

Currently, there is a major need in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation to develop reduced-intensity regimens that do not cause DNA damage and associated toxicities and that allow a wider range of patients to receive therapy. Cytokine receptor signals through c-Kit and c-Mpl can modulate HSC quiescence and engraftment, but the intracellular signals and transcription factors that mediate these effects during transplantation have not been defined. Here we show that loss of one allele of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in nonablated adult mutant mice permitted engraftment with wild-type HSC. Conditional deletion of STAT5 using Mx1-Cre caused maximal reduction in STAT5 mRNA (> 97%) and rapidly decreased quiescence-associated c-Mpl downstream targets (Tie-2, p57), increased HSC cycling, and gradually reduced survival and depleted the long-term HSC pool. Host deletion of STAT5 was persistent and permitted efficient donor long-term HSC engraftment in primary and secondary hosts in the absence of ablative conditioning. Overall, these studies establish proof of principle for targeting of STAT5 as novel transplantation conditioning and demonstrate, for the first time, that STAT5, a mitogenic factor in most cell types, including hematopoietic progenitors, is a key transcriptional regulator that maintains quiescence of HSC during steady-state hematopoiesis.
Adaptive rate control for real-time packet audio based on loss prediction (2005)

The paper presents an adaptive rate control framework, which performs proactive rate control based on packet loss prediction and on-line audio quality assessment for real-time packet audio. The proposed framework determines the optimal combination of various audio codecs for transmission, utilizing a thorough analysis of audio quality based on individual codec characteristics, as opposed to the ad-hoc codec redundancy used by other approaches. As a main component of this framework, a preliminary formulation of the packet loss predictor is shown; it determines the likelihood of packet loss in terms of available bandwidth, delay variation trend, and network history. We present simulation and experimental results to show the accuracy and efficiency of this technique.
Toll-like receptor 4 plays a crucial role in the immune-adrenal response to endotoxemia (2006)

Sepsis and septic shock are leading killers in the non-coronary intensive care unit and still remain worldwide health concerns. The initial host' defense to bacterial infections involves Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which detect and respond to microbial ligands. In addition, a coordinated response of the adrenal and immune system is crucial for survival during severe inflammation. Previously, we have demonstrated a novel link between the innate immune system and the endocrine stress response involving TLR-2. Like TLR-2, TLR-4 is also expressed in human and mice adrenals. In the present study following LPS-induced stress, we have revealed marked cellular alterations in adrenocortical tissue and an impaired adrenal corticosterone response in TLR-4-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that TLR-4 is a key mediator in the cross-talk between the innate immune system and the endocrine stress response. Furthermore, TLR polymorphisms could contribute to the underlying mechanisms of impaired adrenal stress response in patients with bacterial spepsis.
The involvement of immune semaphorins and neuropilin-1 in lupus nephritis (2011)

Being present in normal and slightly increased in diseased glomeruli, VEGF is considered protective during inflammation. Increased NP-1 expression in LGN may intensify the possible protective effect of VEGF, thereby preventing endothelial damage. However, one should consider the possibility that increased NP-1 expression is harmful and could play a role in the damage of LGN. NP-1 is suggested to be a reliable marker differentiating focal versus diffuse LGN. Semaphorin 3A can serve as a histological marker for tubular damage. The altered ability of kidneys to secrete semaphorins during advanced renal damage may in part explain its inverse correlation with renal function. Further work is needed in order to better understand the role of NP-1 and semaphorins in LGN.
Testing of Polished or Fine Ground Surfaces for Flatness (1949)

The testing of nearly flat surfaces by the astigmatism produced in a light beam reflected from the surface is discussed. The use of the test for ground surfaces is described, and attention is drawn to its use in the working of soft materials such as rock salt.
Lensing measurements of SZ-discovered clusters in the Southern Cosmology Survey (2009)

We present the first lensing mass measurements of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) selected clusters. Using optical imaging from the Southern Cosmology Survey (SCS), we present weak lensing masses for three clusters selected by their SZ emission in the South Pole Telescope survey (SPT). We confirm that the SZ selection procedure is successful in detecting mass concentrations. We also study the weak lensing signals from 38 optically-selected clusters in ~8 square degrees of the SCS survey. We fit Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profiles and find that the SZ clusters have amongst the largest masses, as high as 5x10^14 Msun. Using the best fit masses for all the clusters, we analytically calculate the expected SZ integrated Y parameter, which we find to be consistent with the SPT observations.
Data from Interferon-γ Signaling in Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells Regulates Expression of CTLA-4 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;CTLA4 is a cell surface receptor on T cells that functions as an immune checkpoint molecule to enforce tolerance to cognate antigens. Anti–CTLA4 immunotherapy is highly effective at reactivating T-cell responses against melanoma, which is postulated to be due to targeting CTLA4 on T cells. Here, we report that CTLA4 is also highly expressed by most human melanoma cell lines, as well as in normal human melanocytes. Interferon-γ (IFNG) signaling activated the expression of the human CTLA4 gene in a melanocyte and melanoma cell–specific manner. Mechanistically, IFNG activated CTLA4 expression through JAK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1, which bound a specific gamma-activated sequence site on the CTLA4 promoter, thereby licensing CBP/p300-mediated histone acetylation and local chromatin opening. In melanoma cell lines, elevated baseline expression relied upon constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Notably, RNA-seq analyses of melanoma specimens obtained from patients who had received anti–CTLA4 immunotherapy (ipilimumab) showed upregulation of an IFNG-response gene expression signature, including CTLA4 itself, which correlated significantly with durable response. Taken together, our results raise the possibility that CTLA4 targeting on melanoma cells may contribute to the clinical immunobiology of anti–CTLA4 responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings show that human melanoma cells express high levels of the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA4, with important possible implications for understanding how anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy mediates its therapeutic effects. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(2); 436–50. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Iris Recognition Using Robust Algorithm for Eyelid, Eyelash and Shadow Avoiding (2013)

Abstract: Eyelids, eyelashes and shadows are three major challenges for effective iris segmentation, which have not been adequately addressed in the current literature. In this paper, we present a novel method for Iris recognition (IR) based on color images. Firstly; extracting of the color values from Iris images using RGB color space, which is represented as vectors in the form of 3D-RGB color space. Secondly; determine the center pupil and external contour of iris circle. Thirdly; taking a sub Iris image to extracted the iris print, then merge the three sub image in one array to make the aggregation. Then, a smart prediction model is established to determine an appropriate threshold for eyelash and (eyelid or shadow) detection. Finally; Fourier Fast Transform (FFT) is used to recognize the Iris print. Our proposed method has been applied on 100 Iris images which obtained from CASIA iris images database. Experimental results on the challenging CASIA-iris image database demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both accuracy and speed, where the overall accuracy results of the recognition rate and error rate are equal to 98.82%, 1.18 % respectively.
Compact liquid cooling system for small, moveable electronic equipment (1992)

The evaluation of a compact liquid cooling system is provided as a benchmark of self-contained heat exchanger units that can be used in small movable electronic equipment. The sealed system contains a fluid expansion chamber, a liquid-to-air heat exchanger core, a fan, and a pump that connects to a multichip module (MCM) package through a pair of flexible stainless steel hoses. Temperatures were recorded as a function of pressure, package power dissipation, and flow rate. The 5.5-L system can remove up to 274 W of power with a 52 degrees C temperature drop from inlet liquid to air for a thermal resistance of 0. 19 degrees C/W while pumping perfluorocarbon FC-72 at a flow rate of 1.1 L/min. Design criteria and improvements for a second generation system are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Table T1 from F-aza-T-dCyd (NSC801845), a Novel Cytidine Analog, in Comparative Cell Culture and Xenograft Studies with the Clinical Candidates T-dCyd, F-T-dCyd, and Aza-T-dCyd (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table T1&lt;/p&gt;
Nanopillar Arrayed Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Self-Powered Sensitive Sensor for a Sleep Monitoring System (2016)

A flexible and low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on a patterned aluminum-plastic film and an entrapped cantilever spring leaf is developed as a self-powered sensitive triboelectric sensor for sleep-body movement monitoring. The working mechanism and the impact factors of electric output performance were systematically investigated and elaborated. Due to the patterned nanostructures of the recently designed TENG, both the output voltage and current are greatly enhanced, and thereby the sensitivity of the device is significantly improved. The self-powered and sensitive device has been demonstrated as a smart body motion sensor of sleep monitoring for diagnosis of sleep disorders due to its high sensitivity and excellent stability. This work may promote the application of self-powered TENGs for healthcare and be helpful for the development of real-time mobile healthcare services and smart external portable electronics.
Overexpression of superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase protects against the paraquat + maneb-induced Parkinson disease phenotype. VOLUME 280 (2005) PAGES 22530-22539 (2008)

Dr. Eric K. Richfield should be removed from the list of authors. The correct author list is shown above.
An Analytical System for the Detection and Quantitation of Rhodamine-123 in Biological Samples (1987)

Abstract Rhodamine-123, a mitochondrial-specific dye, is currently of interest as a potential anticarcinoma agent. We now report an analytical method suitable for monitoring this agent in a variety of biological matrices. The drug is easily extractable into organic solvent in high yield (>90%). Analysis is conducted by reversed-phase HPLC using a phenyl column and an organic/aqueous buffer mobile phase, with signal detection by flow fluorometry. The assay shows linearity over the concentration range of 5-4000 ng/ml, with a limit of sensitivity of 100 pg. Preliminary animal data confirms the suitability of the assay for detailed drug metabolism and dispositional studies.
A 10 MHz–6 GHz high power high linearity 35 dB digital step attenuator MMIC using GaN HEMTs with TaON passivation (2015)

This paper describes a 10 MHz-6 GHz high power high linearity 35 dB digital step attenuator monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) for radio frequency automated test equipment (RF ATE) systems. The digital step attenuator MMIC is fabricated using a novel Schottky gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) process that is characterized in very low gate leakage current with tantalum oxy nitride (TaON) passivation technology. Owing to the characteristic of the developed GaN HEMT, circuit topologies for improving large signal performance in wideband from lower frequency can be employed, and the MMIC shows input 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) of more than +40 dBm and input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3) of more than +55 dBm.
Regional power deposition for hyperthermia: theoretical approaches and considerations. (1984)

Physical analysis of electromagnetic and ultrasonic fields is useful to define systems capable of depositing power in "deep" tumors extending more than a few cm from the skin surface. Several recent analyses of electromagnetic field configurations for treating such tumors are reviewed here. Most electromagnetic systems result in exposure of substantial normal tissue volumes or regions to unfocused power absorption, and safely achieving intratumoral temperature elevation to greater than or equal to 42 degrees relies in part upon higher blood flow rates existing in normal tissue than in tumor. Optimizing therapeutic approaches to deep tumors with devices producing regional power deposition may thus require improved knowledge and control of regional blood flow distributions, along with further development of energy sources appropriate for specific deep sites. Multiple electric dipole sources with separate phase and amplitude control appear to be the most general noninvasive electromagnetic solution at present for deep heating. In specific locations, focused ultrasound is also theoretically capable of producing advantageous power deposition at depth.
A Scalable Model for Human Scala-Tympani Phantoms (2011)

In cochlear-implant (CI) insertion experiments, scala-tympani (ST) phantoms are often used in place of in vivo studies or cadaver studies. During the development of novel CI technology, a scaled-up phantom is often desirable. In this paper, we create a scalable model of the human ST by synthesizing published anatomical data and images. We utilize the model to fabricate an accurate, inexpensive, and reproducible ST phantom at a 3:1 scale.
Toxic effects of Mascagnia rigida in laboratory animals. (1988)

Mascagnia rigida (Malpigheacea) is a toxic plant to cattle in Brazil. The extract prepared from the dried leaves of M rigida was administered to rats, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits. Rabbits were the best animal model to study the toxic effects of M rigida.
The global cancer burden and human development: A review (2017)

From a global perspective, there remain clear disparities in the cancer burden according to national Human Development Index scores. International efforts are needed to aid countries in social and economic transition in order to efficiently plan, implement and evaluate cancer control initiatives as a means to reduce the widening gap in cancer occurrence and survival worldwide.
Meperidine and Lidocaine Block of Recombinant Voltage-Dependent Na+Channels (1999)

Meperidine blocks Na+ channels with molecular pharmacologic features of a local anesthetic. The findings support classification of meperidine as a local anesthetic but with less overall potency than lidocaine.
An Efficient Synthesis of Buspirone and its Analogues. (1992)

Abstract Eine leistungsfähige Synthese von Buspiron und Buspiron‐ähnlichen Verbindungen