gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing advanced Parkinson’s disease: OBSERVE-PD observational study results of 2615 patients (2019)

These findings aid in identifying standard APD classification parameters for use in practicing physicians. Improvements in identification of APD patients may be particularly relevant for optimizing treatment strategies including transitioning to device-aided treatment.
Reduction of NO with NH/sub 3/ on TiO/sub 2/-,Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/- and Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/-supported metal oxide catalysts (1987)

The pollution of the atmosphere by nitrogen oxides (NO/sub x/=NO+NO/sub 2/) has been a subject of growing concern during the past decade. During combustion, NO/sub x/ is formed either by reaction of oxygen and atmospheric nitrogen (thermal NO/sub x/) or conversion of chemically bound nitrogen in the fuel (fuel-NO/sub x/). The major fraction of these emissions results from the fuel-NO/sub x/ during combustion in industrial and utility boilers. The formation of NO/sub x/ in the boilers can be reduced to a considerable extent by modification in the combustion technique, for example by applying fluidized bed combustion boilers. There still will remain some NO/sub x/ in the flue gases. Hence, other additional methods have been introduced for NO/sub x/-removal. The most widely applied method for decreasing NO/sub x/ emissions from existing stationary sources is selective catalytic reduction (SCR) by NH/sub 3/. The most commonly proposed overall reactions between NO and NH/sub 3/ are: 4 NH/sub 3/ + 4 NO + O/sub 2/ ----> 4 N/sub 2/ + 6 H/sub 2/O (1) 4 NH/sub 3/ + 6 NO ----> 5 N/sub 2/ + 6 H/sub 2/O (2). The catalyst used in a commercial plant must possess high activity and selectivity, since themore » volume of flue gas to be treated is large. In addition, the catalyst must be resistant to SO/sub x/ poisoning. The purpose of the present study was to examine the kinetics of NO-NH/sub 3/-O/sub 2/ reactions on several catalysts promoting the SCR of NO/sub x/.« less
Long-Term, High-Dose Glucocorticoids and Bone Mineral Content in Childhood Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome (2004)

Intermittent treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids during growth does not appear to be associated with deficits in the bone mineral content of the spine or whole body relative to age, bone size, sex, and degree of maturation. Glucocorticoid-induced increases in body-mass index were associated with increased whole-body bone mineral content and maintenance of the bone mineral content of the spine.
Nurturing Care for Young Children under Conditions of Fragility and Conflict (2018)

Forced displacement worldwide is at its highest in decades and millions of young children are living in conflict zones, in transitional or enduring refugee contexts, and in demographically diverse marginalized and informal settlements. There is a huge unmet need for delivering early childhood development interventions to ensure the safety and continued development of young children in these vulnerable contexts. In this paper, we discuss nurturing care as an important entry point for multisectoral collaborations to support families and reach young children. Nurturing care is a basic right of every child and encompasses health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. We review key elements of the biological and psychological development of children important to nurturing care and illustrate their application in case studies of war and displacement in Angola and Kenya. Building on long-term benefits of early interventions, scaled up support is essential to improve the health, development, and well-being of young children in contexts of conflict, violence, and insecurity. Not only do early childhood development interventions support the development of young children, but they also provide a potential pathway to violence reduction and a way to achieve more peaceful families, communities, and societies.
Assessing Habitat Suitability for Native and Alien Freshwater Mussels in the River Waal (the Netherlands), Using Hydroacoustics and Species Sensitivity Distributions (2021)

Abstract Longitudinal training dams (LTDs) in the river Waal are novel river training structures that protect the littoral zone from the adverse effects of navigation providing new habitats for riverine macroinvertebrates. In order to inform river management and to better understand their ecological value for native and alien mussel species, it is important to assess the habitat suitability of the protected LTD shore channels. We applied spatial hydroacoustics surveys consisting of side-scan sonar (SSS) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) of the substrate type, water depth and flow velocity in three shore channels in combination with species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) to predict habitat suitability for native and alien mussel species. SSDs allowed for the prediction of habitat suitability as a potentially occurring fraction (POF) of a species pool. High substrate type, water depth, and near-bottom flow velocity POFs were found for ≥ 70%, 100%, and 4–51% of the total shore channel area, respectively, suggesting that shore channels provide suitable habitat for both native and alien mussel species. To enhance the shore channels as habitat for native mussel species, we recommend increasing shallow areas dominated by fine (silt/clay) and sand substrate types with low near-bottom flow velocities (near 0 m/s). In contrast, the total area of hard substrate (e.g., boulders) in the shore channels should be reduced as it strongly favored invasive alien mussel species in our study. Future research should include additional abiotic parameters to enhance the habitat suitability predictions and compare the results for different riverine habitats.
Phase II Study of SMILE Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Stage IV, Relapsed, or Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: The NK-Cell Tumor Study Group Study (2011)

Purpose To explore a more effective treatment for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), we conducted a phase II study of the steroid (dexamethasone), methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) regimen. Patients and Methods Patients with newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory disease and a performance status of 0 to 2 were eligible. Two cycles of SMILE chemotherapy were administered as the protocol treatment. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR) after the protocol treatment. Results A total of 38 eligible patients were enrolled. The median age was 47 years (range, 16 to 67 years), and the male:female ratio was 21:17. The disease status was newly diagnosed stage IV in 20 patients, first relapse in 14 patients, and primary refractory in four patients. The eligibility was revised to include lymphocyte counts of 500/μL or more because the first two patients died from infections. No treatment-related deaths were observed after the revision. The ORR and complete response rate after two cycles of SMILE chemotherapy were 79% (90% CI, 65% to 89%) and 45%, respectively. In the 28 patients who completed the protocol treatment, 19 underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. The 1-year overall survival rate was 55% (95% CI, 38% to 69%). Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 92% of the patients. The most common grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic complication was infection (61%). Conclusion SMILE chemotherapy is an effective treatment for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed or refractory ENKL. Myelosuppression and infection during the treatment should be carefully managed.
Production of Antagonistic Compounds by Bacillus sp. with Antifungal Activity against Heritage Contaminating Fungi (2018)

In recent years, the population has become acutely aware of the need to conserve the world’s resources. The study of new compounds produced by natural means is important in the search for alternative green solutions that act against biodeteriogenic fungi, which promote biodeterioration of built cultural heritage sites. The present paper reports new solutions, derived from Bacillus sp. CCLBH 1053 cultures, to produce lipopeptides (LPP) that can act as green biocides to promote the safeguarding of stone artwork. In the stationary phases of bacteria growth, peptone supplementation and sub-lethal heat activation improve the second cycle of sporulation, greatly enhancing LPP production. The bioactive compounds produced by Bacillus cultures suppress biodeteriogenic fungi growth on stone materials, and, hence, provide an important contribution to the development of new biocides for cultural heritage rehabilitation.
Covalent bond formation between a DNA-cytosine methyltransferase and DNA containing 5-azacytosine. (1984)

DNA containing 5-azacytosine (azaC) has previously been shown to be a potent inhibitor of DNA-cytosine methyltransferases. In this report, we describe experiments which demonstrate that azaC-DNA forms a covalent complex with Hpa II methylase, a bacterial enzyme that methylates the internal C of C-C-G-G sequences. The complex does not undergo detectable dissociation over at least 3 days and is stable to denaturation with NaDodSO4. After extensive digestion of the complex with DNase and phosphodiesterase, gel filtration gave the methylase bound to approximately one equivalent of azaC; the digested complex had an apparent molecular weight similar to that of the native enzyme. Although prior treatment of azaC-DNA with Hpa II endonuclease had only a slight effect on binding of the methylase, treatment with Msp I endonuclease, which also cleaves at C-C-G-G sequences, resulted in a significant reduction in binding; this indicates that azaC residues in the recognition sequence of Hpa II are an important component in the covalent interaction of the methylase. However, since there was residual binding it is possible that azaC residues elsewhere in DNA also covalently bind to the methylase. These results provide an explanation of why azaC-DNA is such a potent inhibitor of cytosine methyltransferases and how the incorporation of such low levels of azaC into DNA can result in dramatic decreases in the methylation of cytosine. Finally, consideration of the probable catalytic mechanism of cytosine methylases and the chemical properties of azaC suggests that the inhibition is, at least in part, an active-site directed process and permits a proposal for the structure of the covalent complex.
Study on the Chemical Speciation of Trace Elements in Stenoloma Chusana(L.) Ching (2005)

The primary and second speciation of eight trace elements in Stenoloma chusana(L.) Ching were determinated by atomic absorption spectrometry.The results of primary speciation showed that the content characters of eight elements in primary sample are as follows: CaMgFeMnCuZnCrNi.The total extraction rations of Ni and Mg are more than 50% and those of the rest elements are less than 40%.The residue rations of Cr and Zn are higher(88.09% and 81.35%) than those of other elements,The residue ration of Ni is the least(63.09%).The results of second speciation showed that the contents of eight elements in particulate are far more than that in dissolved.Eight elements exist mostly in inorganic forms after extraction of CHCl_3.The contents of free ions form of Zn、Ca and Mg are more than 75%.Mn hasn't any free ions form.After the separation of D-411 Chelating resin,the content of Zn in labile form is 62.82%.The contents of else elements in stable form are higher than those in labile form and Ni hasn't any labile form.
A spectral element method for the simulation of unsteady incompressible flows with heat transfer (1986)

The spectral element method is a high-order finite element technique for solution of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations. In the isoparametric spectral element discretization, the domain is broken up into general brick elements, and the dependent and independent variables represented as high-order tensor-product Lagrangian interpolants through Chebyshev collocation points. The nonlinear and convective terms in the governing equations are treated with explicit collocation, while the pressure and diffusive contributions are handled implicitly using variational projection operators. The method is applied to flow past a cylinder, flow in grooved channels, and natural convection in an enclosure.
Global Stability Study of a Compliant Double-Inverted Pendulum Based on Hamiltonian Modeling (2012)

This paper presents a dynamical model of a compliant double-inverted pendulum that is used to approximate the physical structure of the compliant humanoid (COMAN) robot, using both the Hamiltonian and the Lagrangian approaches. A comparison between the two aims at providing insight into the various advantages and/or disadvantages associated to each approach. Through manipulation of the resulting formulae, it is shown that the Hamiltonian equations possess certain characteristics, such as the allowance of the tracking of global stability, that render this method of representation suitable for legged robotics applications. Finally, an asymptotically stabilizing control scheme is presented together with simulation results.
Lumbo-sacro-pelvic Fixation Using Iliac Screws for the Complex Lumbo-sacral Fractures (2007)

Fractures of lumbo-sacral junction involving bilateral sacral wings are rare. Posterior lumbo-sacral fixation does not always provide with sufficient stability in such cases. Various augmentation techniques including divergent sacral ala screws, S2 pedicle screws and Galveston rods have been reported to improve lumbo-sacral stabilization. Galveston technique using iliac bones would be the best surgical approach especially in patients with bilateral comminuted sacral fractures. However, original Galveston surgery is technically demanding and bending rods into the appropriate alignment is time consuming. We present a patient with unstable lumbo-sacral junction fractures and comminuted U-shaped sacral fractures treated by lumbo-sacro-pelvic fixation using iliac screws and discuss about the advantages of the iliac screws over the rod system of Galveston technique.
How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: A personal view (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Principles and Results of Stable Isotope Labelling of L-α-Aminoacids by Combined Chemical and Enzymatic Methods (1995)

Abstract The major routes for making aminoacids and their isotopomers described in the literature are briefly compiled, especially considering about fourty research papers from the last five years. This report concentrates on the introduction of 2H, 13C, 15N, 17O and 18O into different defined positions of L-α-aminoacids. A scheme of four reaction categories with flowcharts is presented (homologation reactions with labelled cyanide and acetate; α-homologation of labeled glycine; β-homologation and/or amination of labelled alanine equivalents and α-enoic acids, including side chain modifications; and reductive amination and transamination of labelled α-ketoacids). The labelling studies done here include the 1-13C substitution of α-ketoacids by the trimethylsilyl cyanide method, the glycine isotopomer homologation by the azlactone and hydantoin methods, the enzymatic aryl and/or ammonia addition to pyruvate and α-enoic acids, and the enzymatic reductive amination of α-ketoacids under enzymatic or enzymo—electrochemical NAD+ recycling. Summarizing the state of the art, the most promising concepts for the 13C and 15N introduction into the 1- and/or 2-positions (backbone labeling) are those starting from labelled glycine. Labelled side-chain synthons can be fused to achiral and chiral glycine and alanine equivalents by asymmetric chemical substitutions and enzymatic lyase reactions. The L-configuration of the labelled aminoacids can be achieved by acylase or oxidase-transaminase based racemate resolutions, asymmetric chemical syntheses, enzymatic reductive aminations or transaminations, and hydantoinase catalyzed reactions.
A case of multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium simiae in an elderly woman (2021)

<i>Mycobacterium simiae</i> is an emerging and spreading pathogen in Iran and little data about its drug susceptibility test (DST) and no standard treatment regimen are available. We report a case of multidrug-resistant <i>M</i>. <i>simiae</i> respiratory infection in a 65-year-old woman with a history of previous <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection. The patient was treated with clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole for one year and eventually died while still suffering from respiratory problems. For DST, broth microdilution method was used according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines as well as molecular DST in clinical isolate. <i>Mycobacterium simiae</i> was resistant to streptomycin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, and cotrimoxazole antibiotics and was sensitive to clofazimine and amikacin antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics without determining the pattern of antibiotic resistance increases the likelihood of resistance and, for resistant specimens, the need to review the treatment protocol and replace antibiotics. Effectiveness based on antibiotic resistance pattern is essential.
3-Pyrrolines Are Mechanism-Based Inactivators of the Quinone-Dependent Amine Oxidases but Only Substrates of the Flavin-Dependent Amine Oxidases (2002)

We previously reported that 3-pyrroline and 3-phenyl-3-pyrroline effect a time-dependent inactivation of the copper-containing quinone-dependent amine oxidase from bovine plasma (BPAO) (Lee et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7241-7242). Quinone cofactor model studies suggested a mechanism involving stoichiometric turnover to a stable pyrrolylated cofactor. Full details of the model studies are now reported along with data on the inhibition of BPAO by a family of 3-aryl-3-pyrrolines (aryl = substituted phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl), with the 4-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl analogue being the most potent. At the same time, the parent 3-phenyl analogue is a pure substrate for the flavin-dependent mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B from bovine liver. Spectroscopic studies (including resonance Raman) on BPAO inactivated by the 4-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl analogue are consistent with covalent derivatization of the 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) cofactor. The distinction of a class of compounds acting as an inactivator of one amine oxidase family and a pure substrate of another amine oxidase family represents a unique lead to the development of selective inhibitors of the mammalian copper-containing amine oxidases.
Retooling Asymmetric Conjugate Additions for Sterically Demanding Substrates with an Iterative Data-Driven Approach (2019)

The development of new catalytic enantioselective methods is routinely carried out using easily accessible and prototypical substrates. This approach to reaction development often yields asymmetric methods that perform poorly using substrates sterically or electronically dissimilar to those used during the reaction optimization campaign. Consequently, expanding the scope of previously optimized catalytic asymmetric reactions to include new substrates is decidedly non-trivial. Here we address this challenge through the development of a systematic workflow to broaden the applicability and reliability of asymmetric conjugate additions to substrates conventionally regarded as sterically and electronically challenging. The copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of alkylzirconium nucleophiles to form tertiary centers, although successful for linear alkyl chains, fails for more sterically demanding linear α,β-unsaturated ketones. Key to adapting this method to obtain high enantioselectivity was the discovery of new phosphoramidite ligands, designed using quantitative structure-selectivity relationships (QSSR). Iterative rounds of model construction and ligand synthesis were executed in parallel to evaluate the performance of twenty chiral ligands. The copper-catalyzed asymmetric addition is now more broadly applicable, even tolerating linear enones bearing tert-butyl β-substituents. The presence of common functional groups is tolerated in both nucleophiles and electrophiles, giving up to 99% yield and 95% ee across twenty examples.
Hydrodechlorination of chlorinated benzenes in a continuous microwave reactor (2004)

An expeditious hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzenes is observed over 0.5% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst by conducting the reaction under microwave irradiation conditions. Even though the loss of active metal surface area is substantial and identical in both microwave and conventional heating reactions, the higher rate and sustainability of the microwave reaction may be due to the selective and rapid absorption of microwaves by the polar chlorinated substrates that facilitates their relatively easy removal from the catalyst surface. It is also speculated that the rate of desorption of the products (especially the poisonous HCl) is more critical in sustaining the catalyst activity. The experiments also reveal a significant reduction in power consumption under the microwave reaction than the reaction conducted using conventional heating.
Error Bounds for Approximate Solutions for Bending of Unsymmetrically Laminated Plates (1973)

Abstract Certain types of heterogeneous plates exhibit coupling between membrane and flexural effects in their constitutive relations. Such a situation commonly occurs in unsymmetrically laminated plates and in reinforced concrete slabs after cracking. Approximate solutions, principally the “reduced bending stiffness” approximation, have been proposed in the past. The accuracy of this approximation has been examined for several specific cases, but no general investigations have been reported. This paper presents a method for determining bounds on the relative mean square error of approximate solutions to general coupled plate bending problems.
Mild and Selective Debenzylation of Tertiary Amines Using α-Chloroethyl Chloroformate (1993)

A mild and efficient procedure is described for the N-debenzylation of tertiary amines using α-chloroethyl chloroformate. The scope and selectivity are also discussed.
Biogenesis and the regulation of the maturation of miRNAs (2013)

Regulation of gene expression is a fundamental process in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Multiple regulatory mechanisms are in place to control gene expression at the level of transcription, post-transcription and post-translation to maintain optimal RNA and protein expressions in cells. miRNAs (microRNAs) are abundant short 21-23 nt non-coding RNAs that are key regulators of virtually all eukaryotic biological processes. The levels of miRNAs in an organism are crucial for proper development and sustaining optimal cell functions. Therefore the processing and regulation of the processing of these miRNAs are critical. In the present chapter we highlight the most important steps of miRNA processing, describe the functions of key proteins involved in the maturation of miRNAs, and discuss how the generation and the stability of miRNAs are regulated.
Inference of cancer progression from somatic mutation data (2015)

Large-scale cancer genomics projects are providing a wealth of somatic mutation data. Therefore, one of the most challenging problems arising from the data is to infer the temporal order of somatic mutations. In the paper, we present a network-based method (NetInf) to infer cancer progression at the pathway level. We apply it to analyze somatic mutation data from real cancer studies. Experimental results show that these detected pathways overlap with known pathways, including RB, P53 signaling pathways. Our method reduces computational complexity and also provides new insights on the temporalorder of somatic mutations at the pathway level.