gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Target Parameter Estimation in the Near Field with Two Sensors (1986)

A performance prediction procedure is developed for the evaluation of a passive tracking technique for the localization of targets in the near-field of the sensors. The target moves in a three-dimensional space with a constant velocity at a constant depth. The parameter vector is thus five-dimensional. Target localization parameter identifiability is established with the aid of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). The FIM is evaluated for various combinations of the following sequences of measurements: time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the two sensors, depression angles measured at the two sensors, and frequency measurements obtained separately with the two sensors. The FIM is used to determine bounds on localization performance, and the corresponding uncertainty ellipses associated with the target position are evaluated for various tracking scenarios. The theoretical results are corroborated by applying a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm to simulated data and observing the results for a series of Monte Carlo simulations.
Power Smoothing Control Methods Using Moving Average and FIR Filters in Distributed Generation Systems (2015)

Photovoltaic (PV) generation has attracted much attention as a new electric-power generation system. However, the output power of PV generation systems experiences significant fluctuations, which negatively affect the electric-power reliability of the grid. It is therefore necessary to smoothen it using power-smoothing control methods. This paper evaluates different power-smoothing control methods using a moving average filter and finite impulse response filters for distributed generation systems with energy storage devices. We analyze the gain and phase characteristics of these filters, and we perform computer simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the smoothed electric power generated by PV generation systems.
Three manifolds as geometric branched coverings of the three sphere (2007)

Abstract. One method for obtaining every closed orientable 3-manifold is as a branched covering of S 3 branched over a link. There are topological results along these lines that cannot be improved upon in two respects: (A), The minimum possible number of sheets in the covering is three; (B), There are individual knots and links (universal knots and links) that can serve as branch set for every 3-manifold, M 3. Given the growing importance of geometry in 3-manifold theory it is of interest to obtain geometrical versions of topological results (A) and (B). Twenty years ago a geometric version of result (B) was obtained using universal groups. In this paper we obtain a geometric version of result (A), also by means of universal groups. 1.
Graphene Field Effect Transistors on SiC for High Speed and Bio-sensing Applications (2015)

National audience
Quantification of Uncertainty in Structural Dynamic Models (2001)

Structural dynamic models are used to simulate the performance of structures in a dynamic environment. The predictive accuracy of a model has been defined as the accuracy of predicted structural response under conditions for which the structure has not been tested. This paper addresses the quantification of modeling uncertainty, not including the additional uncertainties that may be introduced by the dynamic environment itself. Uncertainty is quantified relative to measured quantities (i.e., experimentally derived modal frequencies and displacements). Although these “measurements” are known to be uncertain themselves, they are taken as the “truth” reference, so modeling uncertainty by definition includes experimental uncertainty as well as parametric uncertainty and the uncertainty of model form (the equations of motion). This paper shows how this modeling uncertainty can be derived by comparing analysis and test modes of generically similar structures and thereafter be used to evaluate the accuracy of numerical simulations based on prior analysis and test experience. Practical examples are given.
Effects of a Viral Peptide (Nef) on Growth and Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer (2009)

Abstract : We have shown that a novel peptide from HIV-1 Nef (NefM1) induces apoptosis through the CXCR4 receptor. We would like to exploit this as a cancer therapeutic agent. Breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB231 (231), MDAMB468 (468), MCF-7, DU4475, and HMEC were each evaluated for their response to NefM1. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activation. The presence of CXCR4 receptors on the tumor cells was determined using immunohistochemistry and PCR analyses. Xenografts derived from CXCR4+ cells were propagated in SCID mice and evaluated for the persistence of the receptor and the effects of NefM1 on growth and metastasis. The growing tumors underwent volumetric measurements weekly. and comparisons were made between those treated with NefM1 biweekly, by i.p. injections, and those untreated. Results. Breast cell lines that were positive for CXCR4 receptors all underwent apoptosis when treated with Nef, as did those CXCR4-negative cells that were transfected with CXCR4. Breast xenografts derived from 231 cells demonstrated smaller primaries and significantly smaller metastatic tumors in the Nef treated group. Conclusion. NefM1 causes apoptotic reduction in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cells and tumor xenografts, respectively.
Redeposition kinetics in fluorocarbon plasma etching (1994)

The redeposition kinetics of plasma etching products have been measured as a function of ion and free-radical fluxes which are representative of the fluorocarbon etching environment. Silicon and SiO2 surfaces were exposed in a multibeam etching tool to energetic ions (Ar+), etchant radicals (F), and depositing carbonaceous species (CF2), the relative fractions of which were independently varied to alter the etching product distributions. The rate of product redeposition (i.e., the deposition rate on nonbombarded surfaces such as trench or via sidewalls) was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) which could be rotated around the etching sample face. While redeposition rates of Ar+ sputtering products from Si and SiO2 were characteristically high, the addition of F suppressed redeposition by nearly an order of magnitude. The mechanisms for this reduction involve the passivation of the nonbombarded QCM surface by atomic F, the chemical etching of the redeposited material, and the production of volatile products which do not readily stick to sidewall surfaces. Redeposition rates during ion-enhanced F etching of Si and SiO2 surfaces are largely determined by the fraction of physical sputtering, which emits unsaturated ‘‘sticky’’ products. Accordingly, redeposition rates are observed to increase with decreasing F/Ar+ ratio and increasing ion energy. Addition of CF2 radicals during ion bombardment was observed to suppress redeposition rates measured during pure physical sputtering, but had no significant effect on redeposition in the presence of atomic F.
Dramatic spectral narrowing of a gain-switched diode laser in a weak nonresonant external cavity (2002)

Summary form only given. Narrowing of the spectral bandwidth from a diode laser under RF modulation is of significant interest as it dramatically increases the second harmonic and optical parametric oscillation efficiencies. We have narrowed the spectrum using a simple and compact external cavity scheme with an uncoated glass slide as an external reflector. We used commercial 980 nm InGaAs/GaAs lasers with a single-mode ridge waveguide 3 /spl mu/m wide. Without the external reflector, a typical gain-switched pulse duration was /spl sim/32 ps at a user-defined pulse repetition frequency, in the range of 1.80-2.70 GHz with a spectral bandwidth of /spl sim/11 nm and average powers up to 100 mW.
High efficiency coupling technique for planar photonic crystal waveguides (2002)

A high efficiency coupling technique for photonic crystal waveguides is proposed. The technique is based on setting a single defect within a tapered photonic crystal waveguide. Simulation results show that the optimised scheme maximises the power transmission up to 87.5% at a wavelength of λ=1.55 µm for a 0.5 µm-long photonic crystal taper.
Residual Stresses in Carbon Fibre-Thermoplastic Matrix Laminates (1988)

Residual stresses in composite laminates depend on thermoelastic properties of the material and processing temperatures. Their distribution in the various laminae is a func tion of stacking sequence and ply orientation. In this work residual stresses in APC-2 cross-ply laminates have been investigated. Predictions based on classical laminate theory are compared to measured levels of residual stress obtained from a number of experimen tal techniques. The analysis of the results shows that accurate predictions can be made pro vided that the changes in thermoelastic properties of the materials with temperature are taken into account.
Polymethine Dyes. I. A Comparison of Several Vinylogous Series in which the Polymethine Chains Are Terminated by Aryl Groups1 (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymethine Dyes. I. A Comparison of Several Vinylogous Series in which the Polymethine Chains Are Terminated by Aryl Groups1William B. Tuemmler and Bernard S. WildiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3772–3777Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01547a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Coaxial Magnetic Gear With Halbach Permanent-Magnet Arrays (2010)

This paper proposes a coaxial magnetic gear that offers higher torque density, lower cogging torque, and lower iron losses than its counterparts. The key is to newly employ a Halbach permanent-magnet (PM) array to constitute the PM poles in the inner rotor and a partial Halbach array (two segments per pole) for the outer rotor. The corresponding magnetic field distributions, torque transmission, and torque ripples are analytically discussed. Then, the corresponding performances are quantitatively assessed by using the finite-element method.
Helical ground state and weak ferromagnetism in the edge-shared chain cuprate NaCu 2 O 2 (2005)

We report on susceptibility, magnetization, 23Na NMR, and specific heat data of the spin-chain material NaCu2O2 in the paramagnetic and ordered phases. Below 13 K, where a sharp field-dependent specific heat peak appears, the NMR lineshape points to an incommensurate static modulation of the local magnetic field consistent with a spiral state of the Cu magnetic moments. At 2 K weak ferromagnetism with an ordered moment of about 4·10− 3μB has been observed. LDA-based estimates of exchange integrals reveal a large inchain frustration leading to a magnetic spiral.
Effect of substrate orientation on the catalyst-free growth of InP nanowires (2007)

We report the fabrication of self-catalysed InP nanowires on (111)B, (111)A, (110), and (001) InP substrates. Indium droplets, deposited in situ using metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, are used as seeds for nanowire growth. The preferential nanowire growth direction is always on (111)B, (111)A, and (110) oriented substrates. On (111)A substrates some initial growth in the [111]A direction is observed before kinking into one of the available directions. The nanowires are optically active at room temperature. On (001) substrates no nanowire growth off the substrate is observed. However, growth still takes place in the two possible equivalent azimuthal directions.
617. Alkyl–oxygen fission in carboxylic esters. Part XV. 2 : 4-Dimethoxydiphenylmethanol, 1-(2:4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol, and 1:2:2:2-tetra-p-methoxyphenylethanol (1957)

A. G. Davies, E. E. Edwin, J. Kenyon and A. Walsh, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 3158 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570003158
Textual analysis of stock market prediction using breaking financial news (2009)

Our research examines a predictive machine learning approach for financial news articles analysis using several different textual representations: bag of words, noun phrases, and named entities. Through this approach, we investigated 9,211 financial news articles and 10,259,042 stock quotes covering the S&amp;P 500 stocks during a five week period. We applied our analysis to estimate a discrete stock price twenty minutes after a news article was released. Using a support vector machine (SVM) derivative specially tailored for discrete numeric prediction and models containing different stock-specific variables, we show that the model containing both article terms and stock price at the time of article release had the best performance in closeness to the actual future stock price (MSE 0.04261), the same direction of price movement as the future price (57.1% directional accuracy) and the highest return using a simulated trading engine (2.06% return). We further investigated the different textual representations and found that a Proper Noun scheme performs better than the de facto standard of Bag of Words in all three metrics.
Structural Basis of Transcription: An RNA Polymerase II-TFIIB Cocrystal at 4.5 Angstroms (2004)

The structure of the general transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) in a complex with RNA polymerase II reveals three features crucial for transcription initiation: an N-terminal zinc ribbon domain of TFIIB that contacts the "dock" domain of the polymerase, near the path of RNA exit from a transcribing enzyme; a "finger" domain of TFIIB that is inserted into the polymerase active center; and a C-terminal domain, whose interaction with both the polymerase and with a TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-promoter DNA complex orients the DNA for unwinding and transcription. TFIIB stabilizes an early initiation complex, containing an incomplete RNA-DNA hybrid region. It may interact with the template strand, which sets the location of the transcription start site, and may interfere with RNA exit, which leads to abortive initiation or promoter escape. The trajectory of promoter DNA determined by the C-terminal domain of TFIIB traverses sites of interaction with TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH, serving to define their roles in the transcription initiation process.
Secondary Leukemia Following Treatment of Hodgkin’s Disease: Ultrastructural and Cytogenetic Data in Two Cases with a Review of the Literature (1983)

Two cases of secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia developing after combined chemo-radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD) are reported. The first case was a 28-year-old woman with PSIIIsA HD, treated with total lymphoid irradiation followed by combination chemotherapy that was almost entirely ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine), who developed acute monoblastic leukemia three years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. We believe this to be the first reported case of secondary leukemia associated with the combination of radiotherapy and ABVD chemotherapy. The second case was a 37-year-old man with Stage IVB Hodgkin's disease, treated with radiotherapy and MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia five years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Both cases showed typical changes of panmyelosis demonstrated by cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. In both cases, bone marrow cells had a dominant clone with a markedly abnormal karyotype. The nature of therapy-related secondary leukemia after Hodgkin's disease and its relationship to current modes of treatment are discussed.
Ectopic Fat Storage, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension (2011)

Obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension are clustered in the metabolic syndrome representing critical risk factors for increased incidence cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases, kidney failure and cancer. Ectopic fat accumulation, i.e., accumulation in the mediastinum, liver and the abdomen, as well as generalized fat accumulation are associated with arterial hypertension, either systolic or diastolic. Several mechanisms including insulin resistance, sub-inflammatory state, increased Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) system activity, oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation as well as mechanical compression on the kidneys are all activated by obesity. Interestingly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II (ATII) receptor blockers, while correcting arterial hypertension, also have a positive effect on glucose metabolism and diabetes prevention, in high risk patients. The implementation of dietary, medical and surgical strategies to prevent and treat obesity, are cornerstones for the primary prevention as well as treatment of arterial hypertension.
New Polyethylene Glycols for Biomedical Applications (1991)

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are neutral, water soluble polymers possessing an impressive array of biomedical and biotechnical applications. In the current article we describe work in our laboratories on synthesis and characterization of new PEG aldehydes. These novel PEGs have the advantages of selective reactivity toward amino groups and stability in an aqueous environment. The reactivity of two new aldehydes toward simple amines, proteins, and aminated surfaces is described. In addition we have examined some recent chemistry on amination of glass surfaces by silanization with different silanes under a variety of conditions. This work shows that monoethoxyaminosilanes, while giving relatively low percentages of nitrogen on the surface, yield more reactive amino groups on the surface than do triethoxy- and diethoxy-silanes.
Feasibility of ultra-dense spin-tunneling random access memory (1997)

Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element models have been utilized to simulate electromagnetic behaviors in spin-tunneling random access memory (STram). The most significant contributors have been identified. Compared with conventional current-in-plane (CIP) giant magneto-resistive (GMR) memory, whose signal level is inversely proportional to the square root of the storage density, these current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) STram elements provide an excellent readout property in that their signal level is independent of their cross-section area. This result is so attractive that the density of STram should not be limited by signal degradation. Moreover, a magnetic flux closure design was found to reduce the crossfeed by about a factor of five, compared with conventional keeperless design, which is the most favored approach for achieving 10/sup 9/ bits/cm/sup 2/ areal density. Although the storage mechanism described in this paper is made of STram, the flux-closure design could be generally applicable to other magnetic solid state memories.
Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of a case classified by DNA‑methylation profiling as “CNS embryonal tumor with BRD4–LEUTX fusion” (2023)

Central Nervous System (CNS) embryonal tumors represent a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive tumors occurring preferentially in children but also described in adolescents and adults. In 2021, the CNS World Health Organization (WHO) classification drastically changed the diagnosis of the other CNS embryonal tumors including new histo-molecular tumor types. Here, we report a pediatric case of a novel tumor type among the other CNS embryonal tumors classified within the methylation class "CNS Embryonal Tumor with BRD4-LEUTX Fusion". The patient was a 4-year girl with no previous history of disease. For a few weeks, she suffered from headaches, vomiting and mild fever associated with increasing asthenia and loss of weight leading to a global deterioration of health. MRI brain examination revealed a large, grossly well-circumscribed tumoral mass lesion located in the left parietal lobe, contralateral hydrocephalus and midline shift. Microscopic examination showed a highly cellular tumor with a polymorphic aspect. The majority of the tumor harbored neuroectodermal features composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei associated with small "medulloblastoma-like" cells characterized by syncytial arrangement and focally a streaming pattern. Tumor cells were diffusely positive for Synaptophysin, CD56, INI1 and SMARCA4 associated with negativity for GFAP, OLIG-2, EMA, BCOR, LIN28A and MIC-2. Additional IHC features included p53 protein expression in more than 10% of the tumor's cells and very interestingly, loss of H3K27me3 expression. The Heidelberg DNA-methylation classifier classified this case as "CNS Embryonal Tumor with BRD4:LEUTX Fusion". RNA-sequencing analyses confirmed the BRD4 (exon 13)-LEUTX (exon 2) fusion with no other molecular alterations found by DNA sequencing. Our case report confirmed that a new subgroup of CNS embryonal tumor with high aggressive potential, loss of H3K27me3 protein expression, BRDA4-LEUTX fusion, named "Embryonal CNS tumor with BRD4-LEUTX fusion", has to be considered into the new CNS WHO classification.
Core 2 branching β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and high endothelial cell N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfotransferase exert differential control over B- and T-lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes (2004)

Blood-borne lymphocyte trafficking to peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) depends on the successful initiation of rolling interactions mediated by L-selectin binding to sialomucin ligands in high endothelial venules (HEVs). Biochemical analysis of purified L-selectin ligands has identified posttranslational modifications mediated by Core2GlcNAcT-I and high endothelial cell GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferase (HECGlcNAc6ST). Consequently, lymphocyte migration to PLNs of C2GlcNAcT-I(-/-) and HEC-GlcNAc6ST(-/-) mice was reduced; however, B-cell homing was more severely compromised than T-cell migration. Accordingly, intravital microscopy (IVM) of PLN HEVs revealed a defect in B-cell tethering and increased rolling velocity (V(roll)) in C2GlcNAcT-I(-/-) mice that was more pronounced than it was for T cells. By contrast, B- and T-cell tethering was normal in HEC-GlcNAc6ST(-/-) HEVs, but V(roll) was accelerated, especially for B cells. The increased sensitivity of B cells to glycan deficiencies was caused by lower expression levels of L-selectin; L-selectin(+/-) T cells expressing L-selectin levels equivalent to those of B cells exhibited intravascular behavior similar to that of B cells. These results demonstrate distinct functions for C2GlcNAcT-I and HEC-GlcNAc6ST in the differential elaboration of HEV glycoproteins that set a threshold for the amount of L-selectin needed for lymphocyte homing.