gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usage of divergence within concatenated multithreshold decoding convolutional codes (2017)

The present paper has considered multithreshold decoders for self-orthogonal codes providing a near-optimal efficiency of the error correction under linear computational complexity. New divergence principle used within construction and decoding convolutional codes has been discussed. The paper has shown that usage of such principle allows significantly approximating an area of the decoder effective operation to the channel capacity. Application of obtained self-orthogonal codes within construction of concatenated convolutional codes where parity-check codes are used as the outer codes has been indicated, as well as simulation results for the obtained concatenated construction have been represented.
The Role of the Kazan Computer Manufacturing Plant in the Development of Computer Technology and Science in USSR and the Comecon Countries (2014)

On August 4th, 2014, the Kazan Computer Manufacturing Plant would have celebrated its 60th anniversary. Nowadays, companies producing electronic computers, as well as electronic computers themselves, have a short life span. Since 1947, the XX century has seen how four generations of computers were “born” and “died”. The first generation was determined by its hardware consisting of vacuum tubes. Due to considerable technical difficulties and high economic costs in the 1950s, only three countries could create and produce computers: Great Britain, the USSR and the USA. In the Moscow Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a team guided by the chief designer academician S.A. Lebedev built M-20, a first-generation computer aimed at batch industrial production.
Differential Tracking based on Spatial-Appearance Model (SAM) (2006)

A fundamental issue in differential motion analysis is the compromise between the flexibility of the matching criterion for image regions and the ability of recovering the motion. Localized matching criteria, e.g., pixel-based SSD, may enable the recovery of all motion parameters, but it does not tolerate much appearance changes. On the other hand, global criteria, e.g., matching histograms, can accommodate dramatic appearance changes, but may be blind to some motion parameters, e.g., scaling and rotation. This paper presents a novel differential approach that integrates the advantages of both in a principled way based on a spatial-appearance model (SAM) that combines local appearances variations and global spatial structures. This model can capture a large variety of appearance variations that are attributed to the local non-rigidity. At the same time, this model enables efficient recovery of all motion parameters. A maximum likelihood matching criterion is defined and rigorous analytical results are obtained that lead to a closed form solution to motion tracking. Very encouraging results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method for tracking non-rigid objects that exhibit dramatic appearance deformations, large object scale changes and partial occlusions.
Phenotypic Features and Genetic Findings in 2 Chinese Families With Miyoshi Distal Myopathy (2004)

Miyoshi distal myopathy in these 2 Chinese families demonstrated a homogenous phenotype and compound heterozygous mutations. Among the 4 mutations, 3 were novel mutations that, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously.
Rapid whole brain imaging of neural activity in freely behaving larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) (2017)

The internal brain dynamics that link sensation and action are arguably better studied during natural animal behaviors. Here, we report on a novel volume imaging and 3D tracking technique that monitors whole brain neural activity in freely swimming larval zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). We demonstrated the capability of our system through functional imaging of neural activity during visually evoked and prey capture behaviors in larval zebrafish.
Performance Evaluation of a Full Scale Effluent Treatment Plant for Distillery Spent Wash (2002)

Distillery spent wash can be one of the major polluting wastewaters, if discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment. Anaerobic lagooning was the only treatment option mostly practiced by distillers to treat distillery spent wash before 1980s. Thereafter, significant development in management of distillery spent wash has been achieved in this country. Today almost all distillers recover biogas from distillery spent wash through the biomethanation process. Anaerobic digesters, anaerobic fixed film systems and two-phase anaerobic treatment are some of the treatment options popularly practiced by Indian distilleries for biomethanation. Production of biogas from spent wash not only reduces the pollutional load but also reduces the payback period of the effluent treatment plant. This paper details the performance evaluation of a full-scale effluent treatment plant for distillery spent wash. In addition, the approach that included detailed biological and physico-chemical treatability studies for improvement in treated effluent quality is also discussed.
Anisotropic selective etching between SiGe and Si (2018)

In Si/SiGe dual-channel FinFETs, it is necessary to simultaneously control the etched amounts of SiGe and Si. However, the SiGe etch rate is higher than the Si etch rate in not only halogen plasmas but also physical sputtering. In this study, we found that hydrogen plasma selectively etches Si over SiGe. The result shows that the selectivity of Si over SiGe can be up to 38 with increasing Ge concentration in SiGe. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) results indicate that hydrogen selectively bonds with Si rather than with Ge in SiGe. During the etching, hydrogen-induced Si surface segregation is also observed. It is also observed that the difference in etched amount between SiGe and Si can be controlled from positive to negative values even in Si/SiGe dual-channel fin patterning while maintaining the vertical profiles. Furthermore, no plasma-induced lattice damage was observed by transmission electron microscopy for both Si and SiGe fin sidewalls.
[Clinical significance of RANTES and MIP-1 alpha in acute rejection episode in kidney transplantation]. (2004)

The expressions of chemokines RANTES and MIP-1 alpha are important in the process of immune reaction in the rejection of transplanted kidney, which may imply a potential way for early diagnosis and treatment of acute rejection after further research.
Electrical Transport and Magnetoresistance in Co–Al–O Granular Films under High Pressure (2005)

The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) and the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity ρ( T ) in insulating Co–Al–O granular films have been studied under high pressure. It is found that the temperature dependence of ρ is affected significantly by applying pressure and the behavior of ρ( T ) becomes close to the metallic behavior at high pressure. Furthermore, TMR at low temperatures is enhanced up to 5 GPa, while it decreases with increasing pressure above that. The results provide an evidence that the successive onset of higher-order processes in tunneling conduction at low temperatures below about 50 K is enhanced at high pressure lower than 5 GPa. On the other hand, TMR at 77 K and room temperature (RT) decreases monotonously as pressure increases. The large difference in the pressure dependence of TMR between 4.2 K and the higher temperature is consistently explained by taking into account the higher order tunneling theory and the pressure induced percolation. The metal-insulator transition and the pressure dependence of TMR at 4.2 K are also discussed on the basis of the percolation theory.
Automated resonance-bar damping measurement system (1976)

This paper describes an automated internal friction measurement system which allows continuous resonant-frequency tracking and continuous recording of damping and resonant frequency during resonance-bar internal friction experiments. A phase-locked loop based on a phase detector maintains the system at resonant frequency although the frequency may change during the course of an experiment. A modified White cathode follower is used to overcome capacitive loading effects in coaxial cables between the damping system and electronic controlling–recording components. In this manner, monitoring and recording components may be located at distances of tens of meters from the drive-detector-specimen damping system, which may in turn be located in some hostile environment of interest. The automated system may be used with damping measurement systems which employ piezoelectric, electromagnetic, or electrostatic drive-detection transducers.
Microbial degradation of synthetic polymers (1980)

Abstract Successful processes for the microbial degradation of synthetic polymers began to emerge in 1978. Organisms capable of biodegradation of polyurethane polyester, polyethylene, polyethyleneglycol, polystyrene, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylonitrile, nylon 3 and nylon 6 were identified. There was a maximum molecular weight for attack and in some cases only oligomers were susceptible. The polymers were converted to biomass or smaller molecules or polymers without certain side groups. The degradation processes should be capable of much improvement by accelerated evolution of the microbial agents in continuous cultures. Co‐oxidation of the polymers with another substrate, for example methane, with methane‐oxidising bacteria as agents is suggested as a possible degradative means. The insolubility of polymers is a serious barrier to microbial attack and constitutes a major problem for investigation. Ultimately bio‐degradation should provide a mild means for the recycling of synthetic polymers with the advantage of greater control over the degree of degradation.
Role of Interfacial Tension for the Structure of PEP−PEO Polymeric Micelles. A Combined SANS and Pendant Drop Tensiometry Investigation (2004)

We investigated the influence of interfacial tension, γ, on the micellization properties of a highly asymmetric poly(ethylene-co-propylene)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP−PEO) block copolymer in mixed solvents consisting of water and dimethylformamide (DMF). Both are good solvents for PEO and nonsolvents for PEP but exhibit a large difference in γ with respect to the insoluble core block. Micellar characteristics were obtained by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and subsequent fitting of a core−shell form factor to the scattering patterns. The curves are perfectly described by a hyperbolic density profile for the shell, n(r) ∼ r-4/3, indicating a starlike structure of the micelles. The aggregation numbers of the micelles decrease with increasing DMF−water ratio from P = 120 in pure water to nonaggregated chains in pure DMF. Corresponding interfacial tensions were determined by pendant drop tensiometry using a PEP homopolymer of equal molar mass. A correlation of P with γ reveals a power law dependence, P ∼ γ6/5, in accordance with the scaling prediction of Halperin for starlike micelles. Additionally, it was found that the addition of DMF leads to a considerable decrease in the micelle radii, which cannot be explained by the decrease in P alone. Measurements of the second virial coefficients, A2, of a PEO homopolymer by SANS reveal clearly reduced values compared to A2 in pure water but still good solvent conditions for PEO in all water/DMF mixtures. However, a significant reduction in the radius of gyration was not found. Therefore, it was concluded that the reduced solvent quality has a more pronounced effect for the PEO chain dimensions in the confined geometry of a micellar corona.
An Adaptive Slicing Thickness Adjustment Method Based on Cloud Point in 3D Printing (2016)

This paper introduces an approach for slicing thickness adaptively based on cloud point that aims at the problem of a large amount of data, inefficiency and low precision of 3D printing. The proposed method can select the optimum slicing thickness adaptively based on error analysis of point cloud belt in unified slicing direction by adopting the optimizing quadtree structure of point cloud to store point cloud data. In view of the different complexity model to evaluate the experiment. The result demonstrates that the computational complexity of proposed method decreased by 30% compared with method II. It is suitable for elaborate model of layered manufacturing printing.
Characterization of the phosphorylation sites of the squid (Loligo pealei) high‐molecular‐weight neurofilament protein from giant axon axoplasm (2001)

Axonal caliber in vertebrates is attributed, in part, to the extensive phosphorylation of NFM and NFH C-terminal tail domain KSP repeats by proline-directed kinases. The squid giant axon, primarily involved in rapid impulse conduction during jet propulsion motility, is enriched in squid-specific neurofilaments, particularly the highly phosphorylated NF-220. Of the 228 serine-threonine candidate phosphate acceptor sites in the NF-220 tail domain (residues 401-1220), 82 are found in numerous repeats of three different motifs SAR/K, SEK/R, K/RSP, with 62 of these tightly clustered in the C-terminal repeat segment (residues 840-1160). Characterization of the in vivo NF-220 phosphorylated sites should provide clues as to the relevant kinases. To characterize these sites, proteolytic digests of NF-220 were analyzed by a combination of HPLC, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and database searching. A total of 53 phosphorylation sites were characterized, with 47 clustered in the C-terminal repeat segment (residues 840-1160), representing 76% (47/62) of the total acceptor sites in the region. As in mammalian NFH, approximately 64% of the K/RSP sites (14/22) in this region were found to be phosphorylated implicating proline-directed kinases. Significantly, 78% of serines (31/40) in the KAES*EK and EKS*ARSP motifs were also phosphorylated suggesting that non proline-directed kinases such as CKI may also be involved. This is consistent with previous studies showing that CKI is the principal kinase associated with axoplasmic NF preparations. It also suggests that phosphorylation of large macromolecules with multiple phospho-sites requires sequential phosphorylation by several kinases.
Febrile Urinary Tract Infection After Prostate Biopsy and Quinolone Resistance (2014)

Quinolone resistance is the main cause of postbiopsy infections in our center. We suggest that further evaluation is required to validate similar trends. Novel strategies to find alternative prophylactic agents are also necessary.
Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement through Cavity QED in the Strong-Coupling Regime (2013)

We theoretically study photon-photon interactions mediated by a cavity-atom system in the strong-coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), which may be harnessed for quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements.
Palladium-coated fiber-taper hydrogen sensor: temperature response (2005)

We report an experimental study of the response of a hydrogen sensor based on a palladium-coated tapered optical fiber, at different temperatures in the range [-30, 80]°C. The main features of the sensor's response have been correlated with the pressure-composition isotherms of the Pd-H system and its phase transitions. Moreover, heating of the palladium layer optically with an auxiliary laser diode, allows improving the sensor’s time response at low temperatures.
Waveguide effects in quantum wires with double-bend discontinuities (1993)

Quantum waveguide structures with double-bend discontinuities were fabricated in modulation-doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions using a split-gate technique. The low field ac-conductance measurements at 50 mK show resonant peaks in the lowest quantized conductance plateau. The number of peaks increases with the effective cavity length of the double bend. This observation may be explained in terms of the allowed standing waves in the bend cavity, which is consistent with the theoretical predictions of a generalized mode-matching theory. Beyond the simple waveguide behavior, we find that the measured peak conductivity decreases as the channel length increases, which is believed to be associated with elastic scattering due to channel inhomogeneities. Magnetic field studies show that the resonance features are suppressed as the cyclotron radius approaches the one-dimensional channel width.
Incentive Mechanisms for Federated Learning: From Economic and Game Theoretic Perspective (2022)

Federated learning (FL) becomes popular and has shown great potentials in training large-scale machine learning (ML) models without exposing the owners’ raw data. In FL, the data owners can train ML models based on their local data and only send the model updates rather than raw data to the model owner for aggregation. To improve learning performance in terms of model accuracy and training completion time, it is essential to recruit sufficient participants. Meanwhile, the data owners are rational and may be unwilling to participate in the collaborative learning process due to the resource consumption. To address the issues, there have been various works recently proposed to motivate the data owners to contribute their resources. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review for the economic and game theoretic approaches proposed in the literature to design various schemes for incentivizing data owners to participate in FL training process. In particular, we first present the fundamentals and background of FL, economic theories commonly used in incentive mechanism design. Then, we review applications of game theory and economic approaches applied for incentive mechanisms design of FL. Finally, we highlight some open issues and future research directions concerning incentive mechanism design of FL.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Signal, Theory and Applications (2012)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a key role in high precision navigation, positioning, timing, and scientific questions related to precise positioning. This is a highly precise, continuous, all-weather, and real-time technique. The book is devoted to presenting recent results and developments in GNSS theory, system, signal, receiver, method, and errors sources, such as multipath effects and atmospheric delays. Furthermore, varied GNSS applications are demonstrated and evaluated in hybrid positioning, multi-sensor integration, height system, Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK), wheeled robots, and status and engineering surveying. This book provides a good reference for GNSS designers, engineers, and scientists, as well as the user market.
Embryo Water Status and Survival in the Recalcitrant SpeciesQuercus roburL: Evidence for a Critical Moisture Content (1992)

The responses of Q. robur L. fruits, seeds and embryonic axes to desiccation are characterized and discussed in relation to current knowledge of recalcitrant seed behaviour. A relationship between viability and seed moisture content is described. This relationship was unaffected by rate of drying, year of harvest or presence of the pericarp. Desiccation sensitivity did not increase with storage. Excised embryonic axes survived to lower moisture contents than intact seeds. However, in the intact seed, loss of viability appeared to be determined by a critical moisture content in the cotyledons. Consequently, the level of desiccation tolerance within the axis attached to cotyledons was not determined by axis drying rate. A link is drawn between the difference in the desiccation tolerance of embryonic axes and of cotyledons, and estimates of their different levels of matrix-bound water. The results presented are consistent with a critical moisture content for survival which is determined by the loss of all free cellular water. This hypothesis takes account of the differential desiccation sensitivity of seed tissues and differences in desiccation tolerance between species.
J01 Triheptanoin is associated with clinical stability and decreased caudate atrophy in huntington disease (2021)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the efficacy of triheptanoin, a medium chain triglyceride with an odd number of carbons that targets the Krebs cycle, on key brain imaging and clinical measures in HD. <h3>Background</h3> We previously showed that energy deficit in HD is associated with increased substrate requirements for the Krebs cycle. Using brain MR spectroscopy, we then demonstrated that triheptanoin can restore a normal brain energetic profile in HD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a 6-month randomized controlled bi-centric trial (Paris and Leiden) called TRIHEP3 (NCT02453061), comparing triheptanoin 1g/kg/day vs placebo in 100 patients (ratio 1/1) at an early stage of HD, followed by a 6-month open label phase. Patients could then opt for a one-year extension study. To compare triheptanoin versus placebo over one year, we used the placebo arm of a one-year randomized controlled trial (NCT02336633), conducted in parallel with identical methods, in HD patients with similar clinical characteristics (age, UHDRS-TMS, CAG). <h3>Results</h3> 86 patients completed the one-year TRIHEP3 study and 42 completed the consecutive 12-month extension. Triheptanoin was well tolerated. We saw no difference in cBSI at 6 months between triheptanoin and placebo. TMS at 12 months tended to stabilize in patients treated with triheptanoin for one year (mean 0.6 ± 5.1) compared to patients treated for 6 months (2.5 ± 4.5) (p= 0.072), with a significant difference between 6 and 12 months (-0.7 ± 3.9 vs 1.9 ± 4.7, p= 0.024). Diffusion tensor imaging showed improved fiber trophicity at 24 months in both groups. Compared to the external placebo control group, at one year, TMS confirmed clinical stability in patients treated with triheptanoin (2.6 ± 4.6 vs 0.6 ± 5.1, p= 0.057) and caudate atrophy was significantly less (-3% vs -6.7% compared to baseline, p&lt; 0.001) (figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results showed that treatment with triheptanoin was associated with clinical stability and decreased caudate atrophy in HD.
The Musical Synchrotron: using wireless motion sensors to study how social interaction affects synchronization with musical tempo (2008)

Musical Synchrotron is a software interface that connects wireless motion sensors to a real-time interactive environment (Pure Data, Max/MSP). In addition to the measurement of movement, the system provides audio playback and visual feedback. The Musical Synchrotron outputs a score with the degree in which synchronization with the presented music is successful. The interface has been used to measure how people move in response to music. The system was used for experiments at public events. Keywordssensors, tempo perception, social interaction, music and movement, embodied music cognition
Effect of the Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Molecular Weight on the Mechanical Properties BisGMA/TEGDMA Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks (1998)

Abstract The effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], with different molecular weights on the mechanical properties of a polymerized BisGMA/TEGDMA base monomer resin was investigated. With the aid of acetone solvent, PMMA could be readily dissolved in BisGMA/TEGDMA mixtures. The addition of PMMA can significantly improve the compressive strengths and decrease the Knoop hardness values of the BisGMA/TEGDMA/PMMA semi-IPNs. The thermal expansion coefficients rapidly increased before Tg, and decreased after T g. The observed properties could be attributed to the effect of the molecular weight of the PMMA on the phase structures of the semi-IPNs.