gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetricversussymmetric silver–sulfur–nitrogen bonding in the solid-state structure of silver-1-phenyl- 1H-tetrazole-5-thiol: single crystal structure of {[(AgPMT)4 · 0.5THF]}n (2006)

The solid-state structure of the highly insoluble silver complex 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol (AgPMT), without solubilizing ligands, has been successfully resolved. The crystal structure of {[(AgPMT)4 · 0.5THF]} n consists of polymeric repeating units of asymmetrically constructed AgPMT dimers. The asymmetric dimers are based on S–Ag–N and N–Ag–N links, and reveal the routes of connectivity possible with this multidentate ligand. This is one of the few linear, one-dimensional silver-based polymers.
Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome (2016)

Previous studies of brain structure in Tourette syndrome (TS) have produced mixed results, and most had modest sample sizes. In the present multicenter study, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare 103 children and adolescents with TS to a well-matched group of 103 children without tics. We applied voxel-based morphometry methods to test gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences between diagnostic groups, accounting for MRI scanner and sequence, age, sex and total GM+WM volume. The TS group demonstrated lower WM volume bilaterally in orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, and greater GM volume in posterior thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. These results demonstrate evidence for abnormal brain structure in children and youth with TS, consistent with and extending previous findings, and they point to new target regions and avenues of study in TS. For example, as orbital cortex is reciprocally connected with hypothalamus, structural abnormalities in these regions may relate to abnormal decision making, reinforcement learning or somatic processing in TS.
Lmx1a is required for the development of the ovarian stem cell niche in Drosophila (2018)

The <i>Drosophila</i> ovary serves as a model for pioneering studies of stem cell niches, with defined cell types and signaling pathways supporting both germline and somatic stem cells. The establishment of the niche units begins during larval stages with the formation of terminal filament-cap structures; however, the genetics underlying their development remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor Lmx1a is required for ovary morphogenesis. We found that Lmx1a is expressed in early ovarian somatic lineages and becomes progressively restricted to terminal filaments and cap cells. We show that Lmx1a is required for the formation of terminal filaments, during the larval-pupal transition. Finally, our data demonstrate that Lmx1a functions genetically downstream of Bric-à-Brac, and is crucial for the expression of key components of several conserved pathways essential to ovarian stem cell niche development. Importantly, expression of chicken Lmx1b is sufficient to rescue the null Lmx1a phenotype, indicating functional conservation across the animal kingdom. These results significantly expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling stem cell niche development in the fly ovary.
Integrating CAD tools into a framework environment using a flexible and adaptable procedural interface (1994)

Methodologies for integrating tools into CAD systems and CAD frameworks are examined. A fine grained procedural methodology for supporting inter-operability is introduced. This interface is based around a fairly small set of generic procedures. Flexibility is obtained by permitting the interface procedures to interpret conceptual models of the data. A mapping metaphor is introduced as a way of extending the flexibility and adaptability of the procedural interface.
The Effect of the Time Interval Between Exposures on the Susceptibility of Chickens to Superinfection with Marek's Disease Virus (2010)

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is ubiquitous within commercial poultry flocks because current vaccines do not prevent MDV infection or transmission. In order for newly-evolved MDV strains to become established within a flock, it seems inevitable that any new strain would need to infect and replicate in chickens previously infected with resident MDV strains. This phenomenon is difficult to detect and there is no clear evidence that it is even possible. Four experiments were performed to demonstrate superinfection and evaluate the effect of time between challenges on the effect of superinfection with the use of two pairs of fully virulent MDV strains that could be discriminated by novel technology: 1) JM/102W and rMd5//38CVI, and 2) rMd5 and rMd5//38CVI. Feather follicle epithelium (FFE), spleen, and tumor samples were collected at single or multiple time points from the same bird to determine the frequency and distribution of each virus present following superinfection, with the use of pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. Superinfection was observed in 82 of 149 (55%) FFE samples following short-interval challenge (24 hr) compared to only 6 of 121 (5%) samples following long-interval challenge (13 days), indicating a strong influence of challenge interval. In cases where the first inoculated virus was weak or delayed, the second inoculated virus was detected in 42 of 95 (44%) birds. In tumors from dually challenged birds, the second virus was again present much more often following short-interval challenge (68%) compared to long-interval challenge (11%). Virus mixtures in tumors were less common compared to those in FFE samples. Vaccination with turkey herpesvirus had no significant effect on the virus frequency for either virus pair or challenge time interval, suggesting these conclusions may be applicable to vaccinated chickens in the field. These studies demonstrated superinfection for the first time with two fully virulent MDV strains and suggest that short-interval challenge exposure and/or weak initial exposures may be important factors leading to superinfection--a prerequisite for the establishment of a second virus strain in the population. This model system should be useful to elucidate this important phenomenon further.
First Impressions of NeWS (1988)

Abstract The SUN Microsystems Network Extensible Window System (NeWS) is a display system that uses the PostScript page description language to provide fully device independent screen and input manipulation as a network service. This system has been available in the UK as a beta test product since April 1987 and this paper reports the work done with NeWS at Queen Mary College. A general introduction to NeWS is given, together with some more detailed information and reports of what each author has been doing with the system. We will try to predict the future of NeWS and its main rival (the MIT X‐Windows system) and to suggest changes to the NeWS beta product that will be necessary for it to realise its potential.
Homoeologous loci control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) (2003)

The genetic control of seed glucosinolate content in oilseed rape was investigated using two intervarietal backcross populations. Four QTLs segregating in the population derived from a Brassica napus L. 'Victor' x Brassica napus L. 'Tapidor' cross, together accounting for 76% of the phenotypic variation, were mapped. Three of these loci also appeared to control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in a Brassica napus L. 'Bienvenu' x 'Tapidor' cross, and accounted for 86% of the phenotypic variation. The three QTLs common to both populations mapped to homoeologous regions of the B. napus genome, suggesting that seed glucosinolate accumulation is controlled by duplicate genes. It was possible to extend the comparative analysis of QTLs controlling seed glucosinolate accumulation by aligning the published genetic maps generated by several research groups. This comparative mapping demonstrated that high-glucosinolate varieties often carry low-glucosinolate alleles at one or more of the loci controlling seed glucosinolate accumulation.
Restoration of mining sites in New Caledonia : history and development of new techniques (2010)

International audience
Nitrogen enhanced drainage of CO 2 rich coal seams for mining (2017)

Coal seams with high CO2 gas contents can be difficult to drain gas for outburst management. Coal has a high affinity for CO2 with adsorption capacities typically twice that of CH4. This paper presents an analysis of nitrogen injection into coal to enhance drainage of high CO2 gas contents. Core flooding experiments were conducted where nitrogen was injected into coal core samples from two Australian coal mining basins with initial CO2 gas contents and pressures that could be encountered during underground mining. Nitrogen effectively displaced the CO2 with mass balance analysis finding there was only approximately 6%–7% of the original CO2 gas content residual at the end of the core flood. Using a modified version of the SIMED II reservoir simulator, the core flooding experiments were history matched to determine the nitrogen and methane sorption times. It was found that a triple porosity model (a simple extension of the Warren and Root dual porosity model) was required to accurately describe the core flood observations. The estimated model properties were then used in reservoir simulation studies comparing enhanced drainage with conventional drainage with underground in seam boreholes. For the cases considered, underground in seam boreholes were found to provide shorter drainage lead times than enhanced drainage to meet a safe gas content for outburst management. Keywords: Gas drainage, High CO2, ECBM, Reservoir simulation
Self-oscillatory operation mode of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (2017)

We report new type of helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) which operates in self-oscillatory mode, namely periodic excitation of streamer breakdowns are occurring under application of pure DC high voltage to the electrode similar to that in flashing streamer corona in air. The repetition frequency of the breakdowns is governed by the geometry of discharge electrodes/surroundings and gas flow rate. Each next streamer is initiated when the electric field on the anode tip recovers after the previous breakdown and reaches the breakdown threshold value of about 2.5 kV/cm. One type of the helium plasma gun designed using this operational principle is demonstrated. The gun operates on about 3 kV DC high voltage and is comprised of the series of the repetitive streamer breakdowns at a frequency of about 13 kHz. Temporal evolution of the electron density and gas temperature were measured by Rayleigh microwave scattering and optical emission spectroscopy.
Directionally Solidified Boride and Carbide Eutectic Ceramics (2016)

Borides and carbides generally have outstanding hardness, excellent wear resistance, and high melting points due to their covalent bonding. Directionally solidified eutectic ( DSE ) composites of boride and carbide constituent phases have been investigated since the 1970s as an approach to produce dense composite microstructures with added control over the microstructure. A variety of DSE ceramic composites have been developed and evaluated as potential materials for structural and functional applications due to their unique thermo‐electro‐mechanical properties. Renewed interest over the past few decades has been motivated, in part, by the needs for ultrahigh‐temperature composites for aerospace applications along with low‐density composites for armor applications. Some directionally solidified boride and carbide DSE s exhibit advantages in material properties over monolithic materials. This study reviews historical and recent research on processing methods, microstructure, crystallography, and material properties (mechanical, electrical, thermal properties, and oxidation resistance) of directionally solidified boride and carbide eutectic ceramic composites. Opportunities along with current limitations and needs for future developments are also reviewed and discussed.
Pump application engineering (1971)

Pump application engineering , Pump application engineering , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA Polymorphisms That Do Not Confer Pyrazinamide Resistance at a Breakpoint Concentration of 100 Micrograms per Milliliter in MGIT (2015)

Sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA gene allows for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing. We summarize data on pncA polymorphisms that do not confer resistance at a susceptibility breakpoint of 100 μg/ml pyrazinamide in MGIT within a cohort of isolates from South Africa and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Solvent effect in β-phosphorylated nitroxides. Part 4: detection of traces of water by electron paramagnetic resonance (2015)

For decades, the nitrogene hyperfine coupling constant aN of nitroxides has been applied to probe their environment using EPR. However, the small changes observed (≈2 G from n-pentane to water) with the solvent polarity allow only a qualitative discussion. A stable β-phosphorylated nitroxide exhibiting a small change in aN (≈3 G from n-pentane to water) and a striking change (≈25 G from n-pentane to water) in phosphorus hyperfine coupling constant aP with the polarity of solvent was prepared and used to develop the first procedure for the titration of water in THF by EPR, down to 0.1% v/v.
Gastric outlet obstruction: when you cannot do an endoscopic gastroenterostomy or enteral stent, try an endoscopic duodenojejunostomy or jejunojejunostomy (2020)

When anatomy precludes an EUS-GE or enteral stent, an EUS-DJ or EUS-JJ may have similarly successful outcomes and could help avoid the need for enteral feeding tubes or surgery.
Power conversion and control for a low speed, permanent magnet, direct-drive, wave energy converter (2006)

The study describes a power electronic conversion and control scheme for a 8.5 kW, multi-coil, linear, permanent magnet, air-cored generator for direct-drive wave energy conversion developed for a wave energy test rig developed for the New &amp; Renewable Energy Centre at Blyth, Northumberland. The proposed scheme is justified against the requirements implied by the features of the linear generator design. Simulation and preliminary test results are presented.
The Caspar Microsurgical Discectomy and Comparison with a Conventional Standard Lumbar Disc Procedure (1991)

Abstract The outcome in 119 patients who were operated on with a conventional standard lumbar discectomy procedure was retrospectively compared with that in 299 patients who were operated on with a microsurgical discectomy technique developed in Homburg/Saar, Federal Republic of Germany by the senior author (W.C.). All patients in this consecutive series had “virgin” lumbar radiculopathy evaluated and operated upon by two experienced surgeons at one institution. Determination of the final outcome was made objectively by an impartial third party using identical criteria for both groups, and with a patient self-evaluation form. The study looked at various pertinent aspects of the treatment course and at final outcome. The results in the microsurgical group were significantly favorable: fewer levels were explored; there was less operative blood loss and a decreased incidence of deep venous thrombosis, urinary tract infections, pulmonary emboli, and bladder catheterization; the time to full ambulation, discharge, and return to work was faster; and there was a decrease in change of occupation and a greater percentage of satisfactory final outcomes, as measured both objectively and subjectively. A description of the microsurgical technique used in this study, which differs significantly from existing microdiscectomy techniques, is presented. The authors conclude that the microsurgical discectomy technique presented in this study is a safe and effective approach to the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy.
DIPG-32. MRI GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR BRAINSTEM BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER PENETRATION: A DEMONSTRATION OF SAFETY (2017)

BACKGROUND: In recent years, significant strides have been made in determining the molecular landscape of DIPG, resulting in new preclinical models and therapies. However, the delivery of these treatments across the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge. Magnetic Resonance Image-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRIgFUS) has been used to achieve transient BBB opening without tissue injury. Delivery of a targeted ultrasonic wave causes a mechanical interaction between intravenously administered microbubbles and the capillary bed resulting in enhanced vessel permeability and a window of opportunity for drug delivery. Use of MRIgFUS in the treatment of patients with supratentorial brain tumours has been performed in Toronto. However, the safety of targeting the brainstem, with its crucial regulatory centres for wakefulness and cardiovascular control, has not previously been shown. Using a rodent model, we have conducted a study demonstrating the safety of MRIgFUS in the brainstem. METHODS: Four groups were defined (n= 9): 1) Microbubble administration but no MRIgFUS treatment; 2) MRIgFUS only; 3) MRIgFUS of the brainstem + microbubbles; and 4) MRIgFUS of the brainstem + microbubbles + cisplatin. To assess safety and non-toxicity, the following measurements were assessed: 1) Cardiovascular control via intra-procedural monitoring of heart rate and respiratory rate; 2) motor function and co-ordination via Rotarod and grip strength testing; 3) histological analysis for haemorrhage (H&E), neuronal integrity (NeuN) and apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3). RESULTS: T1-weighted MR imaging confirmed BBB opening by contrast enhancement of the brainstem. Post-sonication, no deviations from baseline were observed in physiological monitoring. Histological analysis showed no evidence of haemorrhage, neuronal loss or increased apoptosis. Grip strength and Rotarod testing demonstrated no decline in performance across all groups. Our data confirms that we have optimized the parameters to safely, effectively and non-invasively penetrate the BBB in the brain stem, giving promise towards therapeutic drug delivery in DIPG.
Structural complexity of defective-interfering RNAs of Semliki Forest virus as revealed by analysis of complementary DNA (1981)

The 18S defective interfering RNA of Semliki Forest virus has been reverse transcribed to cDNA, which was shown to be heterogeneous by restriction enzyme analysis. After transformation to E.coli, using pBR322 as a vector, two clones, pKTH301 and pKTH309 with inserts of 1.7 kb and 2 kb, were characterized, respectively. The restriction maps of the two clones were different but suggested that both contained repeating units. At the 3' terminus, pKTH301 had preserved 106 nucleotides and pKTH309 102 nucleotides from the 3' end of the viral 42S genome. The conserved 3' terminal sequence was joined to a different sequence in the two clones, and these sequences were not derived from the region coding for the viral structural proteins. The DI RNAs represented by the two clones are generated from the viral 42S RNA by several noncontinuous internal deletions, since the largest colinear regions with 42S RNA are 320 nucleotides in pKTH301, and 430 and 340 nucleotides in pKTH309. All these fragments had unique RNase T1 oligonucleotide fingerprints, suggesting that they were derived from different regions of 42S RNA.
Contact resistance to SrRuO3 and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 epitaxial films (2015)

Contact resistance to the metallic oxide electrodes, SrRuO3 (SRO) and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO), is an important parameter that affects the ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) device performance. We have systematically studied the contact resistance between metallic oxide electrodes (SRO, LSMO) and contact metal overlayers (Ti, Pt) after exposure to various processing environments. Specific contact resistivity (ρc) for Ti and Pt contact metals and the sheet resistance (Rsh) of the metallic oxides are measured after exposure to different reactive ion plasma process steps. Sheet resistance degradation was observed for both SRO and LSMO films after exposure to plasma treatment. Severe contact resistance degradation was observed for Ti contacts as compared to Pt after reactive ion etching on LSMO films. The effect of oxygen (O2) plasma on LSMO was observed to be most severe with non-ohmic behavior with Ti contacts, which can affect the functionality of FTJ devices. Finally, the thermal stability of contacts was investigated, Pt contacts to SRO show low resistance ohmic behavior even after annealing at 900 °C, making it a suitable contact for FTJ devices.
The Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of Transition Metal Acetylacetonates (2007)

Acetylacetonates were prepared electrochemically in good yield using the pure liquid ligand, acetylacetone, as the solvent, in which the supporting electrolyte, tetra‐n‐butyammonium hexafluorophosphate, was dissolved; the metal of interest served as the electrodes. The products were characterized by UV‐visible spectrometry (color) and mass spectrometry. Both a lower, M(AcAc)2, and a higher, M(AcAc)3, oxidate state were formed for the cobalt and manganese systems; the identity of the product(s) could be biased by a careful choice of the potential used for the synthesis.
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions (1991)

Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 94 children with acute respiratory illness were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and influenza virus type A by virus culturing (virus isolation technique [VIT]), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar results were obtained in at least two tests for RSV, influenza virus type A, and adenovirus in 92 (97.9%), 88 (93.6%), and 88 (93.6%) cases, respectively. Both rapid virus detection methods showed good specificity for the diagnosis of these virus infections (greater than or equal to 90.7%) and were more sensitive than was VIT for RSV detection. In a more accurate statistical analysis, the indexes of agreement between VIT and ELISA were substantial for RSV (kappa = 0.69; zeta = 5.5; P less than 0.0001), influenza virus type A (kappa = 0.67; zeta = 5.3; P less than 0.0001), and adenovirus (kappa = 0.71; zeta = 6.0; P less than 0.0001), while it was almost perfect for RSV when ELISA was compared with IFA (kappa = 0.88; zeta = 5.7; P less than 0.0001). Although the observed agreement was good in the comparison of these two tests for these three viruses (89%0, the indexes of agreement were moderate in the comparison of IFA and VIT for RSV (K = 0.55; Z = 2.0; P < 0.05), influenza virus type A (K = 0.42; Z = 9.7; P < 0.0001), and adenovirus (K = 0.41; Z = 6.5; P < 0.0001) and of ELISA and IFA for influenza virus type A (K = 0.55; Z = 7.0; P < 0.0001) and adenovirus (K = 0.59; Z = 6.8; P < 0.0001). All of the statistical evaluations demonstrated better agreement between ELISA and VIT for influenza virus type A and adenovirus.
Reduction of the set-recovery of surface-densified Scots pine by pre-treatment with sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide (2016)

Reduction of the set-recovery of surface-densified Scots pine by pre-treatment with sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide
Evaluation of detecting the breaking of wires on medium-voltage system by three-phase sensors (2015)

Distribution Automation system has been operated as a part of smart grids of Kansai Electric Power Co. for 25 years. Authors have developed and evaluated a new function on the system. This paper describes the function of detecting the breaking of wires on medium-voltage (6.6kV) system with three-phase sensors installed in a sectionalizing switchgear.