gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
siRNA-Mediated β-Catenin Knockdown in Human Hepatoma Cells Results in Decreased Growth and Survival (2007)

beta-Catenin, the chief oncogenic component of the canonical Wnt pathway, is known to be involved in a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the mechanism of beta-catenin activation in HCC is multifactorial, it is indisputably implicated at various stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here we investigate the effect of small interfering RNA-mediated beta-catenin knockdown on the growth and survival of human hepatoma cell lines with (HepG2) and without (Hep3B) beta-catenin mutations. Transfection of HepG2 and Hep3B cells with human beta-catenin (CTNNB1) small interfering RNA resulted in a significant beta-catenin decrease, as confirmed by Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence, also leading to decreased expression of known target genes such as cyclin D1 and glutamine synthetase. The decrease in beta-catenin activity was confirmed by TOPflash reporter luciferase assay. The functional impact of diminished beta-catenin was exhibited as temporal decrease in tumor cell viability by the MTT assay. A concomitant decrease in tumor cell proliferation was also evident with [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and verified with soft agar assays. Thus, beta-catenin is essential for the survival and growth of hepatoma cells independent of mutations in the beta-catenin gene and provide a proof of principle for the significance of the therapeutic inhibition of beta-catenin in HCC.
Présentation du volume (2023)

Au seuil de l’ouvrage, après avoir argumenté en faveur d’une étude stylistique de la négation, cet article présente, succinctement, l’ensemble des contributions et justifie le plan adopté.
A Computer Scientist's Evaluation of Publically Available Hardware Trojan Benchmarks (2015)

Dr. Hassan Salmani and Dr. Mohammed Tehranipoor have developed a collection of publically available hardware Trojans, meant to be used as common benchmarks for the analysis of detection and mitigation techniques. In this thesis, we evaluate a selection of these Trojans from the perspective of a computer scientist with limited electrical engineering background. Note that this thesis is also intended to serve as a supplement to the existing documentation, since it provides a thorough description of each benchmark. This description presents a detailed analysis of each Trojan’s activation conditions and post-activation activity. In addition, we describe the difficulties we encountered in synthesizing and simulating each Trojan, and, where possible, provide solutions to those difficulties.
Novel Technologies for the Production of Functional Foods (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanotechnology Pulsed electric fields (PEF) High-p ressure p rocessing (HPP) Use of n anotechnology, HPP, and PEF in the production of functional foods Conclusions References
Hydrocarbon Formation on Polymer-Supported η5-Cyclopentadienyl Cobalt (1981)

There has been considerable recent research interest in the activation of carbon monoxide en route to more complex organic molecules. Among the various reactions that have been investigated and/or newly discovered, the transition metal catalyzed reduction of CO to hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) has enjoyed particular attention (1-9). Whereas most of the successful efforts in this area have been directed toward the development of heterogeneous catalysts, there are relatively few homogeneous systems. Among these, two are based on clusters (10,11) and others are stoichiometric in metal (12-17). In this report we detail the synthesis and catalytic chemistry of polystyrene ( P ) supported η5-cyclopentadienyldicarbonyl cobalt, CpCo(CO)2. This material is active in the hydrogenation of CO to saturated linear hydrocarbons and appears to retain its "homogeneous", mononuclear character during the course of its catalysis. Since cobalt on kieselguhr in one of the original Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (1-9), it appeared attractive to investigate the
Estimating the burden of iron deficiency among African children (2020)

The prevalence of ID is underestimated in African children when defined using the WHO guidelines, especially in malaria-endemic populations, and the use of transferrin saturation may provide a more accurate approach. Further research is needed to identify the most accurate measures for determining the prevalence of ID in sub-Saharan Africa.
Telomerase Expression in Normal Human Fibroblasts Stabilizes DNA 5-Methylcytosine Transferase I (2003)

The finite proliferative potential of normal human fibroblasts can be overcome, a process commonly called immortalization, by the introduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase. In contrast to malignant transformation, the pattern of gene expression remains largely unmodified in telomerase-induced immortalization. Here we show evidence that suggests that the maintenance of a "young" pattern of gene expression by telomerization is mediated, at least in part, by a novel function of human telomerase that involves regulation of DNA methyltransferase I gene expression.
Distant Domain Transfer Learning (2017)

In this paper, we study a novel transfer learning problem termed Distant Domain Transfer Learning (DDTL). Different from existing transfer learning problems which assume that there is a close relation between the source domain and the target domain, in the DDTL problem, the target domain can be totally different from the source domain. For example, the source domain classifies face images but the target domain distinguishes plane images. Inspired by the cognitive processof human where two seemingly unrelated concepts can be connected by learning intermediate concepts gradually, we propose a Selective Learning Algorithm (SLA) to solve the DDTL problem with supervised autoencoder or supervised convolutional autoencoder as a base model for handling different types of inputs. Intuitively, the SLA algorithm selects usefully unlabeled data gradually from intermediate domains as a bridge to break the large distribution gap for transferring knowledge between two distant domains. Empirical studies on image classification problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and on some tasks the improvement in terms of the classification accuracy is up to 17% over “non-transfer” methods.
Presenilin-like GxGD Membrane Proteases Have Dual Roles as Proteolytic Enzymes and Ion Channels (2015)

The GxGD proteases function to cleave protein substrates within the membrane. As these proteases contain multiple transmembrane domains typical of ion channels, we examined if GxGD proteases also function as ion channels. We tested the putative dual function by examining two archeobacterial GxGD proteases (PSH and FlaK), with known three-dimensional structures. Both are in the same GxGD family as presenilin, a protein mutated in Alzheimer Disease. Here, we demonstrate that PSH and FlaK form cation channels in lipid bilayers. A mutation that affected the enzymatic activity of FlaK rendered the channel catalytically inactive and altered the ion selectivity, indicating that the ion channel and the catalytic activities are linked. We report that the GxGD proteases, PSH and FlaK, are true "chanzymes" with interdependent ion channel and protease activity conferred by a single structural domain embedded in the membrane, supporting the proposal that higher-order proteases, including presenilin, have channel function.
Self-defending security software (2005)

This paper describes a series of tests designed to attack security software in real time as it provides protection for applications and operating system programs on Microsoft Windows 2000 operating platforms. One security program tested fell into the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) category of security software. A second security solution provided Anti-Viral protection and the third security program provided Anti-Malware protection for the test systems with a principal focus on Spyware and Adware detection and removal. All security programs were run in a variety of conditions including single mode, where only the security application was running through full integration modes where all security applications were running simultaneously. Security program default configurations were used in all tests. The findings indicate that none of the tested software was capable of defending itself against attacks designed to suspend and unload them from memory. As is shown, the IPS software was more robust than the other two solutions, but was easily compromised and actually created numerous false positives and misinformed the user on the running of the other security software.
Die Wirksamkeit verschiedener peroxyde auf die mit Hilfe von Redox‐Systemen beschleunigte Lösungspolymerisation von Styrol (1954)

Abstract Verschiedene Diacylperoxyde, Hydroperoxyde, Dialkylperoxyde und Persären werden als Komponenten von Eisen‐Redox‐Systemen zur Polymerisation von Styrol in Benzol bei 50° C benutzt. Die erzielten Umsätze werden mit denen bei peroxydischer Polymerisation verglichen. Bei bromhaltigen Peroxyden kann aus dem Bromgehalt der Polymeren auf die Zahl der eingebauten peroxydischen Bruchstücke geschlossen werden. Dabei Anwendung von Brombenzopersäre kein Brom in den Polymeren nachzuweiseu ist, muß angenommen werden, daß der Kettenstart durch OH‐Radikale erfolgt.
Coronary Artery Disease Evaluated by MRI (2007)

The sections in this article are
An Effective Emergency Message Delivery Mechanism for VANET (2012)

VANETs can provide traffic warring service to help drivers drive safely based on the information of the traffic condition. The driver can drive safely through the warning service information provided by the VANET and know the traffic condition exactly more than through only the sight of driver. In this paper we suggest a new mechanism of updating the table to broadcast the message more rapidly based on the table driven method as the way of sending the emergency message in the VANETs. When updating the table, nodes sends only based on the message transmission success rate. In the result of simulation we could find that the suggested mechanism would reduce the delay time of the emergency message broadcast compared to the existing mechanism.
The cos region of lactococcal bacteriophage øLC3 (1993)

The nucleotide sequence of the DNA regions flanking the cohesive end site of the temperate lactococcal bacteriophage phi LC3 was determined. Four pairs of sequence repeats of 8 to 13 base-pairs in length were revealed close to the cohesive ends. These repeats possibly represent signal sequences involved in phage DNA maturation and packaging. The start of an open reading frame was localized only 42 nucleotides from the left end of the phi LC3 phage double-stranded region, implying that transcription probably proceeds across the cos site. Compilation of the characteristics of the DNA termini of bacteriophages with complementary cohesive DNA ends suggests that phages of Gram-negative bacteria generally carry 5'-protruding single-strands whereas those of Gram-positive hosts carry 3'-protruding ends.
Coherent random lasing from liquid waveguide gain channels with biological scatters (2014)

A unidirectional coherent random laser based on liquid waveguide gain channels with biological scatters is demonstrated. The optical feedback of the random laser is provided by both light scattering and waveguide confinement. This waveguide-scattering-feedback scheme not only reduces the pump threshold but also makes the output of random laser directional. The threshold of our random laser is about 11 μJ. The emission spectra can be sensitively tuned by changing pump position due to the micro/nano-scale randomness of butterfly wings. It shows the potential applications of optofluidic random lasers for bio-chemical sensors on-chip.
Weak carbon-carbon bonds. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of 7-methyl-1,3,5-triphenyl-2,4,9-trithia-1,3,5-tristannaadamantane (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWeak carbon-carbon bonds. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of 7-methyl-1,3,5-triphenyl-2,4,9-trithia-1,3,5-tristannaadamantaneMichel Gallant, Michio Kobayashi, Stephan Latour, and James D. WuestCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 3, 736–739Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00093a026https://doi.org/10.1021/om00093a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symmetry and Asymmetry of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complexes from Azotobacter vinelandii and Escherichia coli as Reflected by Fluorescence and Spin‐Label Studies (1976)

Fluorescence‐lifetime measurements of FAD bound to lipoamide dehydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii and Escherichia coli were performed. It is shown from these results that the two FAD groups in the isolated dimeric enzyme, as well as in the enzyme in the intact complex of E. coli , are in non‐equivalent surroundings. This contrasts with the near equivalence of the FAD groups of both the enzyme and complex isolated from A. vinelandii . Reduction of the complex with Mg 2+ , thiamine pyrophosphate and pyruvate or with NADH enables the attachment of a maleimide analogue specifically to the lipoyl moieties of the transacetylase(s). Spin label [ N ‐(1‐oxyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3‐pyrrolidinyl)maleimide] introduced in such a way proves the existence of at least two different micro‐environments around the lipoyl moieties in complex isolated from A. vinelandii . Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the specifically spin‐labelled complexes from E. coli and A. vinelandii , when dissolved in tricine [ N ‐tris(hydroxymethyl)‐methylglycine] buffer, show interactions of at least two electron spins with each other, which indicate that the lipoyl moieties are rather close together. Fluorescent label [ N ‐(1‐anilinonaphthyl‐4)maleimide] is specifically attached to the lipoyl moiety of the high‐ M r transacetylase of the freshly isolated complex from A. vinelandii . From the large differences in the apparent lifetimes τ p and τ m , as detected by phase fluorimetry, it is shown that this fluorescent label is distributed in different micro‐environments. The differences observed in energy transfer between fluorescent label, attached to the lipoyl moiety of the high‐ M r transacetylase, indicate different conformations of the complex from A. vinelandii . Upon introduction of the label after reduction with NADH a much larger energy transfer, thus a shorter distance, is observed between the label and FAD than when reduction is performed with Mg 2+ , thiamine pyrophosphate and pyruvate. A similar conformation dependence upon reduction is found for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from E. coli . It is thus proposed that the transacetylase of E. coli and the high‐ M r transacetylase of A. vinelandii are both non‐symmetrically distributed within the complex.
Chiral Compounds (2012)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Properties of Enantiomers 1.2. Absolute Configuration at Stereogenic Centers 1.3. Other Stereogenic Elements 2. Analysis of Chiral Compounds 2.1. Optical Rotation 2.2. NMR‐Spectroscopic Analysis 2.3. Chromatographic Analysis 3. Occurrence, Significance and Synthetic Options 3.1. Occurrence and Significance 3.2. Synthetic Options 4. Resolution of Racemates and Chiral Pool Approach 4.1. Resolution of Racemates 4.2. Chiral Pool Approach 5. Stoichiometric Enantioselective Synthesis 5.1. Chiral Reagents 5.2. Chiral Auxiliaries 6. Enantioselective Catalysis 7. Catalysis with Soluble Metal Complexes (Homogeneous Catalysis) 7.1. Hydrogenation of Olefins, Ketones and C=N Functions 7.2. Oxidation Reactions 7.3. Addition Reactions to C=C, C=O, and C=N Moieties 7.4. Miscellaneous Transformations 7.5. Future Developments 8. Heterogeneous Catalysis 9. Organocatalysis 9.1. Covalent Binding: Aminocatalysis 9.2. Hydrogen–Bonding Catalysis 9.3. Ion Pair Formation: Catalysis with Lewis Bases, Brønsted Acids, and Phase Transfer Cations 9.4. Further Aspects and Future Developments 10. Enzymatic Transformations
Data from Androgen Deprivation Therapy Potentiates the Efficacy of Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer Xenografts (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; WST11 vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a local ablation approach relying upon rapid, free radical-mediated destruction of tumor vasculature. A phase III trial showed that VTP significantly reduced disease progression when compared with active surveillance in patients with low-risk prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to identify a druggable pathway that could be combined with VTP to improve its efficacy and applicability to higher risk prostate cancer tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Transcriptome analysis of VTP-treated tumors (LNCaP-AR xenografts) was used to identify a candidate pathway for combination therapy. The efficacy of the combination therapy was assessed in mice bearing LNCaP-AR or VCaP tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Gene set enrichment analysis identifies the enrichment of androgen-responsive gene sets within hours after VTP treatment, suggesting that the androgen receptor (AR) may be a viable target in combination with VTP. We tested this hypothesis in mice bearing LNCaP-AR xenograft tumors by using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), degarelix, in combination with VTP. Compared with either ADT or VTP alone, a single dose of degarelix in concert with VTP significantly inhibited tumor growth. A sharp decline in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) confirmed AR inhibition in this group. Tumors treated by VTP and degarelix displayed intense terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining 7 days after treatment, supporting an increased apoptotic frequency underlying the effect on tumor inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Improvement of local tumor control following androgen deprivation combined with VTP provides the rationale and preliminary protocol parameters for clinical trials in patients presented with locally advanced prostate cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2408–16. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Gas diffusion and dielectric studies of polystyrene‐fullerene compositions (2002)

Abstract Polystyrene‐fullerene compositions containing up to 0.45 mol % (3 wt %) fullerene C 60 were investigated. It was established that the addition of fullerene to polystyrene (PS) leads to an increase of molecular packing density and so influences the transport of small molecules through the polymer films. Gas diffusion through films of PS‐fullerene compositions is slower than through PS films, and gas separating properties of compositions are higher. Dielectric studies showed that the fullerene is distributed as clusters in the polymer matrix of solid composition prepared from a toluene solution of PS and fullerene. Heating without air to the temperature higher than PS glass transition leads to increasing relaxation time of α‐transition in PS of compositions containing &gt;0.15 mol % (1 wt %) fullerene. This effect is caused by rather strong interaction of PS chains via fullerene molecules entered into the PS‐fullerene complex. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2946–2951, 2002
Causal SNP regulating FAM13B expression identified for the Chr. 5q31 atrial fibrillation susceptibility locus (2019)

Abstract Rationale Our prior RNA sequencing study found that FAM13B gene expression in human left atrial appendages was strongly associated with an atrial fibrillation (AF) susceptibility-associated variant on chr. 5q31. Objective To identify the common genetic variant responsible for regulating FAM13B expression and the effect of FAM13B expression on cardiomyocyte gene expression in order to gain insight into the functional mechanism of the chr. 5q31 AF susceptibility locus. Methods and Results By taking advantage of a smaller linkage disequilibrium block in African descent subjects and available chromatin conformation data, we identified the common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17171731 as a candidate genetic variant controlling FAM13B gene expression in the left atrium. Functional analysis demonstrated that the AF risk allele of rs17171731 had less enhancer activity than the protective allele. Gel mobility shift studies determined that the risk allele bound to an additional protein that may function as a transcriptional repressor. Knockdown of FAM13B expression in stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes (iCM) altered the expression of &gt;1000 genes and modified the sodium current, consistent with increased susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. Transfection of GFP tagged FAM13B into iCMs demonstrated expression on the plasma membrane and at the Z-disk. Conclusions The chr. 5q31 AF risk variant was identified as rs17171731, with the risk allele having less enhancer activity, leading to decreased expression of FAM13B , which resides on the plasma membrane and the Z-disk, and appears to play a role in the regulation of cardiomyocyte gene expression and the late sodium current.
Physical Interaction of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Stimulates the Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein (2002)

The Tax oncoprotein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces leukemia in transgenic mice and permanent T-cell growth in vitro. In transformed lymphocytes, it acts as an essential growth factor. Tax stimulates the cell cycle in the G(1) phase by activating the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) CDK4 and CDK6 holoenzyme complexes. Here we show that Tax directly interacts with CDK4. This binding to CDK4 was specific, since Tax did not bind to either CDK2 or CDK1. The interaction with CDK4/cyclin D complexes was observed in vitro, in transfected fibroblasts, in HTLV-1-infected T cells, and in adult T-cell leukemia-derived cultures. Binding studies with several point and deletion mutants indicated that the N terminus of Tax mediates the interaction with CDK4. The Tax/CDK complex represented an active holoenzyme which capably phosphorylates the Rb protein in vitro and is resistant to repression by the inhibitor p21(CIP). Binding-deficient Tax mutants failed to activate CDK4, indicating that direct association with Tax is required for enhanced kinase activity. Tax also increased the association of CDK4 with its positive cyclin regulatory subunit. Thus, protein-protein contact between Tax and the components of the cyclin D/CDK complexes provides a further mechanistic explanation for the mitogenic and immortalizing effects of this HTLV-1 oncoprotein.
Pembrolizumab for Previously Treated, PD-L1–expressing Advanced NSCLC: Real-world Time on Treatment and Overall Survival (2020)

Patients treated at oncology practices with pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously treated PD-L1-expressing aNSCLC experienced rwToT and OS similar to treatment duration and OS in phase III clinical trial settings.