gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
piRNA-guided co-transcriptional silencing coopts nuclear export factors (2019)

Summary The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is a small RNA-based immune system that controls the expression of transposons and maintains genome integrity in animal gonads. In Drosophila , piRNA-guided silencing is achieved, in part, via co-transcriptional repression of transposons by Piwi. This depends on Panoramix (Panx); however, precisely how an RNA binding event silences transcription remains to be determined. Here we show that Nuclear Export Factor 2 (Nxf2) and its cofactor, Nxt1, form a complex with Panx and are required for co-transcriptional silencing of transposons in somatic and germline cells of the ovary. Tethering of Nxf2 or Nxt1 to RNA results in silencing of target loci and the concomitant accumulation of repressive chromatin marks. Nxf2 and Panx proteins are mutually required for proper localization and stability. We mapped the protein domains crucial for the Nxf2/Panx complex formation and show that the amino-terminal portion of Panx is sufficient to induce transcriptional silencing.
Mean‐field theoretical analysis of brush‐coated nanoparticle dispersion in polymer matrices (2007)

Abstract The equilibrium dispersion of nanoparticles with grafted polymer chains into polymer matrices, of the same chemical structure as the brush, is studied through the device of mean‐field theory. Our results show that the disperion of brush‐coated nanoparticles into a matrix polymer is improved with (i) decreasing particle radius and (ii) increasing brush chain length. Both of these aspects can be understood based on the fact that, unlike the case of planar surfaces, homopolymer chains end‐grafted to spherical nanoparticle surfaces tangentially spread away from the surface thus alleviating the packing frustration that is created by the relatively high grafting densities. This permits significant brush/matrix overlap, even at high grafting densities, a regime that has only recently become experimentally available due to advances in polymer synthesis (i.e., the “grafting‐to” methods). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 351–358, 2008
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Enterococcus faecium NBIMCC 8270, Lactobacillus acidophilus NBIMCC 8242, Lactobacillus helveticus NBIMCC 8269, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis NBIMCC 8250, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus NBIMCC 8244 and Streptococcus thermophilus NBIMCC 8253 (Probiotic Lactina®) for chickens for fattening and suckling and weaned rabbits (Lactina Ltd.) (2022)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Probiotic Lactina<sup>®</sup>, a feed additive consisting of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> NBIMCC 8270, <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> NBIMCC 8242, <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> NBIMCC 8269, <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> ssp. <i>lactis</i> NBIMCC 8250, <i>L. delbrueckii</i> ssp. <i>bulgaricus</i> NBIMCC 8244 and <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> NBIMCC 8253, for chickens for fattening and suckling and weaned rabbits. In a previous opinion, the FEEDAP Panel assessed the safety and the efficacy of the product when used in these target species and concluded that the additive is presumed safe for the target animals, consumers and the environment. Regarding the safety for the user, the Panel could not conclude on the potential of the additive to be irritant to skin and eyes or on its dermal sensitisation potential due to the lack of data. Moreover, the data provided in the previous assessment were not sufficient to conclude on the efficacy of the additive in the target species. In the current assessment, the applicant provided supplementary information to address these flaws. Based on the new studies, the Panel concluded that Probiotic Lactina<sup>®</sup> is irritant to skin and eyes. In the absence of data, no conclusions could be reached on its sensitisation potential. Due to the absence of appropriate data, no conclusions could be drawn on the efficacy of Probiotic Lactina<sup>®</sup> for chickens for fattening and suckling/weaned rabbits.
'Im Herbst. 1775' and 'Warum gabst du uns die Tiefen Blicke': Estrangement, Ambiguity, and the Melancholy Voice (2007)

Several poems by the young Goethe dramatize melancholy consciousness. A common theme of these poems is the pathos of unattained sublimity, in which the modes of fruitful engagement with the world become problematic. Goethe is able to achieve exceptionally complex results in representing melancholy consciousness by means of estrangement in poetic diction (as proposed by Shklovsky) and ambiguity in metaphor, complex words, and syntax (Empson). These techniques are highlighted in close readings of two poems.
Investigations on ambiguity unwrapping of range images (2009)

For the first time the basic principle to unify adv antages between active sensors and the simultaneous capturing of an image for an extended area of dynamical 3D applications in close range is given by range imaging (RIM) sensors. The drawback of data which is captured with RIM sensors is the absolute range accu racy and the limited non-ambiguity range. From other sensor systems different techniques are known to solve this problem in order to obtain a non-ambiguity range, e.g. by utilizing different modulation frequencies as most continuous-wave (CW) modulated laser scanner and radar systems do or by (pseudo) ra ndom modulation. In this paper a post-processing task is presented. The Gold stein 2D unwrapping procedure for unwrapping the range ambiguities of ranging sensors (e.g. RIM sensors or CW-modulated laser scanners) is proposed considering residues, branch cuts and tree estimation strategies and additionally confidence criteria. It could be shown that a range restoration for numero us periods of the ambiguity range is in principle possible with the presented 2 D unwrapping procedure.
Mechanical Stress as Cause of Aortic Valve Disease Presentation of a New Aortic Root Prosthesis (2002)

We present an overview of studies on the aortic valve and propose that mechanical stress is a main causative factor in the degenerative valvular disease. In the normal aortic valve, the leaflets have a smooth surface, free of wrinkles and creases, throughout the opening process. This smooth leaflet surface during motion is achieved by the "pull and release" movement of the commissures, which occurs because of the compliance of the aortic root. When the aortic root is stiffened, either by artificial means or by the loss of elasticity due to aging, the leaflet dynamics change significantly. The leaflets develop a significant number of creases and wrinkles during the opening process. In the bileaflet valve, the leaflets develop similar creasing and wrinkling during the opening process. This happens mainly due to the less-than-ideal design of the bileaflet valve and in spite of the compliant aortic root. When the aortic valve is spared using a noncompliant tube graft, a similar phenomenon of leaflet creasing occurs. Because the creasing produces high stresses from bending and buckling, it is damaging to the leaflet tissue and can lead to degenerative and calcific valvular disease. Based on these observations a new aortic root prosthesis with compliant sinuses has been designed for the valve sparing operation.
25—THE REACTIONS OF CELLULOSE WITH GLYOXAL (1958)

Unstable addition compounds of the semiacetal type are formed when cotton cellulose is impregnated with glyoxal solution and dried at room temperature. If the dried impregnated fibre, containing an acid catalyst, is heated so as to bring about full acetalization, the product contains both mono- and di-acetals of glyoxal with cellulose. The free aldehyde groups of the monoacetals can be oxidized to carboxyl by means of chlorous acid or reduced with borohydride, and hydrolysis of the oxidized or reduced material liberates glyoxal from the diacetals. Since the latter can be formed only by reactions involving at least two anhydroglucose units, it is almost certain that cross-linking of the cellulose chains occurs.
Toxicity of Representative Pesticides (1999)

The LD 50 (Lethal Dose 50%) is the amount of a substance that is sufficient to kill 50% of a population of test animals and is measured in milligrams of the substance per kilogram of the test animals body weight.
Etude de la polymérisation des derivés acétylèniques XIIIème note. synthèse et propriétés du polyphénylthioacétylène (1971)

Abstract Le monomère phénylthioacétylène (FTA) synthétisé d′après les méthodes classiques a été polymérisé par mécanisme ionique, en présence de (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O BF 3 comme catalyseur. La polymérisation du FTA n'est pas connue dans la littérature. Le nouveau polymère obtenu a été étudié en ce qui concerne la structure et ses propriétés semiconductrices.
The JavaSeal mobile agent kernel (2003)

JavaSeal is a secure mobile agent kernel that provides a small set of abstractions for constructing agent applications. We describe the design of these abstractions and their implementation. We address the limitations of the Java security model that had to be overcome, and then present a medium-sized e-commerce application that runs over JavaSeal.
Multinode Bilateral Control Model (2019)

Bilateral control can suppress traffic flow instabilities. The simplest form of bilateral control uses information about the relative positions and relative velocities of leading and trailing vehicles. In this paper, we provide a multinode version of bilateral control, in which information about the state of more than just the immediately leading and trailing cars is used. In this mode of control, the question arises: “How much weight should information about vehicles at different positions be given?” Two different methods-a Taylor series approach and a least-squares approach-are explored. We show that the least-squares approach generates sets of coefficients that can damp out low-frequency components of perturbations faster. This means that traffic under multinode bilateral control will approach an equilibrium state more rapidly than under the traditional version of bilateral control. Simulation results confirm our analysis.
Particle Size Distributions via Mechanism-Enabled Population Balance Modeling (2020)

Mechanism-enabled population balance modeling (ME-PBM) was recently defined as the use of experimentally established (i.e., disproof-based, deliberately minimalistic, and pseudo-elementary step-based) mechanisms as more rigorous input for population balance models. ME-PBM addresses three long-sought goals: mechanism-based prediction and control of particle size distributions (PSDs), fitting PSDs by various mechanisms to test which mechanisms are refuted versus supported, and then also extracting rate constants for the most strongly supported mechanism from the wealth of kinetics information buried within the PSD. A full ordinary differential equation (ODE) approach is developed to the PBModeling that is a resurrection of Smoluchowski’s 1918 approach, a little used, but powerful approach that in turn allows fitting of the information-laden PSD including its shape. The full details are reported of the 12 different particle-formation, pseudo-elementary step mechanisms tested in a disproof-based approach to the ME-PBM analysis of the PSDs and kinetics data for a prototype Ir(0)n nanoparticle-formation system. The ME-PBM analysis led to the discovery of a new particle formation mechanism that is a 1-step, but key, expansion of the classic Finke–Watzky two-step mechanism of nucleation, A → B, followed by autocatalytic surface growth, A + B → 2B. Specifically, the ME-PBM analysis yielded the new three-step particle-formation mechanism of A → B (rate constant k1), A + B → C (rate constant k2), and A + C → 1.5C (rate constant k3), where A represents the monomeric nanoparticle precursor, B represents “small” nanoparticles, and C represents “larger” growing nanoparticles. A list of key conclusions is provided including the paradigm shifts for particle formation that (i) nucleation needs not be “instantaneous” or “burst” “to achieve narrow PSDs as postulated by the classical 1950s LaMer model; that (ii) instead nucleation can be and often is continuous, as first shown in 1997, yet still leads to narrow PSDs; and critically that (iii) narrow PSDs can and do result in spite of continuous nucleation because smaller particles grow faster than larger ones (k2 > k3), thereby allowing the smaller particles to catch up to the more slowly growing larger particles. Surface-ligand capping and other possible reasons that k2 > k3 are presented and discussed, as are additional conclusions, implications of the present studies, caveats, and needed additional studies. The goal of the present contribution is to follow up our first report of ME-PBM by providing the full details of our work to date so that others who wish to use ME-PBM in their own particle formations across nature, while fitting their own PSDs and testing their own mechanistic hypotheses, can readily do so.
Magnetic traveling-stripe forcing: Enhanced transport in the advent of the Rosensweig instability (2010)

A contactless pumping mechanism is realized in a layer of ferrofluid via a spatiotemporally modulated magnetic field. The resulting pressure gradient leads to a liquid ramp, which is measured by means of x-rays. The transport mechanism works best if a resonance of the surface waves with the driving is achieved. The behavior can be understood by considering the magnetically influenced dispersion relation of the fluid.
Structural defects and microstrain in GaN induced by Mg ion implantation (1998)

The optical and structural characteristics of GaN films implanted with Mg and Be ions, grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were studied. The low temperature (20 K) photoluminescence (PL) spectra of annealed Mg implanted GaN show a 356 nm near band edge emission, a 378 nm donor-acceptor (D-A) transition with phonon replicas, and a 528 nm green band deep level emission. The origin of the 528 nm green band emission and the 378 nm D-A emission might be attributed, respectively, to the Mg implantation induced clustering defect and the vacancy defect in GaN film. Observations of in-plane and out-of-plane x-ray diffraction spectra for as-grown undoped, Mg implanted and rapid thermal annealed GaN suggest that ion implantation induced anisotropic strain may be responsible for the observed PL emission characteristics.
Ion fluxes through the sodium channels of garfish olfactory nerve membranes (1974)

1. The efflux of (22)Na from garfish olfactory nerves, after treatment with ouabain and equilibration with (22)Na, occurs in two components of almost equal size. One component represents efflux from the extracellular space and the other, much slower, component represents efflux from the intracellular space through the axonal membrane.2. The rate of efflux of (22)Na through the membrane is increased from 0.038 to 0.055 min(-1) by veratrine, and restored back to 0.036 min(-1) by the additional application of tetrodotoxin or saxitoxin (10(-7)M).3. 50% inhibition of this increased sodium ion flux occurs at tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin concentrations of 12 and 6 nM respectively.4. The tetrodotoxin-sensitive efflux of (22)Na is almost unchanged in nerves equilibrated with hypertonic 0.85 M-NaCl, whereas it is largely eliminated in nerves equilibrated with 0.85 M-LiCl. We interpret this to indicate that there exists within the sodium channel a specific metal cation site which is responsible for the co-ordination of the ions during their passage through the membrane. Lithium ions bind to this site relatively strongly, with a dissociation constant of 0.2-0.3 M, whereas sodium ions bind less strongly, with a dissociation constant greater than 0.75 M. Other evidence indicates that this site is the site at which tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin act.5. Batrachotoxin has a similar action to veratrine but is effective in concentrations at least 100 times lower.
The evaluation of CA 19-9 antigen level in the early detection of pancreatic cancer: A prospective study of 866 patients (1988)

To establish if CA 19-9 could detect early pancreatic cancer, we measured its serum concentration in 866 patients admitted for benign diseases and observed for 2 years. All patients with an elevated CA 19-9 level (greater than 40 units (U)/ml) were submitted to a computed tomography (CT) scan of the pancreas. The CA 19-9 level was increased in 117 patients. One hundred fifteen of these 117 patients had false-positive elevations. The CA 19-9 concentration was elevated mostly in benign hepatobiliary diseases. In this group of patients, CA 19-9 was correlated to alkaline phosphatase values. Eleven patients showed an elevated CA 19-9 level for 10 months without any malignancy developing. One patient had a normal CA 19-9 concentration 8 months before clinical signs of pancreatic carcinoma developed. We conclude that CA 19-9 measurement is of no value for the early detection of this malignancy.
Forty Years in the Making: Understanding the Molecular Mechanism of Peptide Regulation in Bacterial Development (2013)

Signal transduction systems are influenced by positive and negative forces resulting in an output reflecting the sum of the opposing forces. The Rap family of regulatory protein modules control the output of two-component signal transduction systems through protein∶protein and protein∶peptide interactions. These modules and their peptide regulators are found in complex signaling pathways, including the bacterial developmental pathway to sporulation, competence, and protease secretion. Two articles published in the current issue of PLOS Biology reveal by means of crystallographic analyses how the Rap proteins of bacilli are regulated by their inhibitor Phr peptide and provide a mechanistic explanation for a genetic phenotype isolated decades earlier. The Rap-Phr module of bacterial regulators was the prototype of a family that now extends to other bacterial signaling proteins that involve the use of the tetratricopeptide repeat structural fold. The results invite speculation regarding the potential exploitation of this module as a molecular tool for applications in therapeutic design and biotechnology.
P4695Transient ST-elevation ECG pattern in acute coronary syndrome: friend or foe? (2017)

Myocardial infarction type 2 (MIT2) is caused by an ischemic imbalance, where a condition other than coronary artery disease contributes to myocardial necrosis documented by a dynamic change in cardiac markers. Such patients were usually not included in randomized trials of ACS patients and little is known on how they should be managed. We compared the characteristics and management of NSTEMI type 1 (MIT1) and MIT2 patients in the French FAST-MI 2015 registry, which collected information on all patients admitted for AMI in 78% of French institutions during a one -to-2month period at the end of 2015. Of 5294 patients admitted to ICCU with AMI, 2511 (47.5%) had STEMI, 2089 (39.5%) MIT1 and 502 (9.5%) MIT2. Compared with MIT1, those with MIT2 were older (7213 vs 6713 yrs), more often female (35 vs 27%), and had more frequent hypertension (74 vs 59%), diabetes (38 vs 24.5%), history of MI (31 vs 23%), CABG (11 vs 6%), heart failure (17 vs 5%) or atrial fibrillation (13 vs 7%), and non-CV comorbidity (CKD 13 vs 6%, cancer 14 vs 10%, COPD 11 vs 3.5%) (all P values <0.05). Initial presentation was more often characterized by heart failure (44 vs 14%), atrial fibrillation (16 vs 5%), and/or atypical chest pain (48 vs 20%) (all P values <0.001). Early (<48 h) management differed markedly for MIT2 vs MIT1: aspirin (93 vs 97%), P2Y12 inhibitors (78 vs 91%), clopidogrel (46 vs 37.5%), prasugrel (3 vs 6%), ticagrelor (37 vs 56%), statins (72 vs 80%), beta-blockers (65.5 vs 71.5%), oral anticoagulant (15 vs 5%) (all P values <0.05). However, ACEi or ARB were used as often (57 vs 55%). Coronary angiography (87 vs 97%), PCI (52 vs 71%) were used less; 5.3 vs 3.7% were referred for CABG; single-vessel CAD was less common (30 vs 38%) and 3-vessel disease more frequent (34.5 vs 27%); LVEF was 40% in 25 vs 12.5% (all P values <0.05). During hospitalization, MIT2 patients more frequently presented Killip III-IV (27.5 vs 2%), stroke (1.2 vs 0.4%), atrial fibrillation (16 vs 5%), and more often needed blood transfusion (10.5 vs 2%), but in-hospital mortality tended to be less (2.0% vs 2.8%). Six-month follow-up will be available at the time of the meeting. Conclusion: NSTEMI type 2 patients are characterized by older age and more frequent non-CV comorbidity. Despite this more severe initial profile, and early management less in line with guidelines, in-hospital mortality was not higher than that of MI Type 1 patients. This specific population should be studied more extensively in order to establish more appropriate therapeutic guidance.
A five‐miRNA panel in plasma was identified for breast cancer diagnosis (2019)

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in females. Since early detection can bring prognosis benefit, discovery of novel noninvasive biomarkers for BC diagnosis is in urgent need. In this four-phase study, we profiled miRNA expression in plasma samples from a total of 257 BC patients and 257 normal controls (NCs). Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel was used to select candidate miRNAs in the screening phase which were further analyzed using qRT-PCR in the following training, testing and external validation phases. Finally, we identified five plasma miRNAs (let-7b-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-215-5p) whose expression levels were significantly different between BC patients and NCs. A 5-miRNA panel in plasma with high sensitivity and specificity was then constructed to detect BC. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the panel were 0.683, 0.966, 0.978 for the training, testing and external validation sets, respectively. Expression of the identified miRNAs was further analyzed among 32 pairs of BC tissue and the adjacent normal tissue samples as well as plasma-derived exosome samples from 32 BC patients vs 32 NCs. Let-7b-5p was contrarily down-regulated in BC tissue. In exosomes samples, only miR-122-5p was significantly up-regulated as in plasma for BC patients. In conclusion, we identified a 5-miRNA plasma panel (let-7b-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-215-5p) that could serve as a promising biomarker for BC detection.
Towards domain independent speaker clustering (2003)

Speaker clustering is a key component in many speech processing applications. We focus on Broadcast News meta data annotation and speaker adaptation. In this setting, speaker clustering consists of identifying who spoke, and when they spoke in a long news broadcast. Speaker clustering is given a set of short audio segments. Ideally, it will discover how many people are speaking in the broadcast, and when they are speaking. The same problem can be transposed to a different domain. In this paper, we present two techniques that do not require a priori training. The speaker clustering is based on information collected solely on encountered test data. They aim at being portable across domains. The first method is based on a Bayesian information criterion (BIC), with single full-covariance Gaussians. It is fairly primitive but effective. The second method, called speaker triangulation, constructs a coordinate system based on conditional likelihoods of the audio segments. Clusters are located in this coordinate system. We are able to achieve state-of-the-art performance on NIST evaluations across different data sets.