gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ergogenic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate (2008)

Athletes use many different strategies to enhance their performance, including clothing and footwear, training regimes, diets, and ergogenic aids. The use of ergogenic aids is believed to be widespread, with a variety of legal as well as illegal substances being used previously and currently. Among the more popular ergogenic aids is the use of sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate, collectively recognized as "buffers." These substances potentially provide the body with added resistance against fatigue caused by deleterious changes in acid-base balance brought about by a variety of exercise modes and durations. The popularity of buffering has generated a plethora of research dating back to the 1930s, which continues to date. The issues surrounding buffering revolve around the dosage size, timing of ingestion, and the type of exercise to benefit from the use of buffers. We hope this review addresses these pertinent issues.
Electrolysis of Molten Iron Oxide with an Iridium Anode: The Role of Electrolyte Basicity (2011)

Molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) is a carbon-free, electrochemical technique to decompose a metal oxide directly into liquid metal and oxygen gas. From an environmental perspective what makes MOE attractive is its ability to extract metal without generating greenhouse gases. Hence, an inert anode capable of sustained oxygen evolution is a critical enabling component for the technology. To this end, iridium has been evaluated in ironmaking cells operated with two different electrolytes. The basicity of the electrolyte has been found to have a dramatic effect on the stability of the iridium anode. The rate of iridium loss in an acidic melt with high silica content has been measured to be much less than that in a basic melt with high calcia content.
High-Speed CMOS ADC Design for 100Gb/s Communication Systems (2014)

Keywords: ADC ; analog-to-digital converter ; SAR ; successive approximation ; asynchronous ; redundant ; alternate comparators ; constant commonmode ; offset compensation ; pass-gate selection clocking ; R-3R ; interleaved ADC ; passive sampler These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 6037 (2014)Programme doctoral Microsystemes et MicroelectroniqueFaculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurInstitut de genie electrique et electroniqueLaboratoire de systemes microelectroniquesJury: Prof. G. De Micheli (president), Prof. Y. Leblebici, Dr T. Toifl (directeurs), Dr Y. Greshishchev, Prof. M. Kayal, Prof. B. Murmann (rapporteurs) Public defense: 2014-1-31 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-6037Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2014-01-20, modified on 2016-08-09
Freezing Tolerance of Thermophilic Bacterial Endospores in Marine Sediments (2019)

Dormant endospores of anaerobic, thermophilic bacteria found in cold marine sediments offer a useful model for studying microbial biogeography, dispersal, and survival. The dormant endospore phenotype confers resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, allowing dispersal to be isolated and studied independently of other factors such as environmental selection. To study the resilience of thermospores to conditions relevant for survival in extreme cold conditions, their viability following different freezing treatments was tested. Marine sediment was frozen at either -80°C or -20°C for 10 days prior to pasteurization and incubation at +50°C for 21 days to assess thermospore viability. Sulfate reduction commenced at +50°C following both freezing pretreatments indicating persistence of thermophilic endospores of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The onset of sulfate reduction at +50°C was delayed in -80°C pretreated microcosms, which exhibited more variability between triplicates, compared to -20°C pretreated microcosms and parallel controls that were not frozen in advance. Microbial communities were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, revealing an increase in the relative sequence abundance of thermophilic endospore-forming <i>Firmicutes</i> in all microcosms. Different freezing pretreatments (-80°C and -20°C) did not appreciably influence the shift in overall bacterial community composition that occurred during the +50°C incubations. Communities that had been frozen prior to +50°C incubation showed an increase in the relative sequence abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with the class <i>Bacilli</i>, relative to unfrozen controls. These results show that freezing impacts but does not obliterate thermospore populations and their ability to germinate and grow under appropriate conditions. Indeed the majority of the thermospore OTUs detected in this study (21 of 22) could be observed following one or both freezing treatments. These results are important for assessing thermospore viability in frozen samples and following cold exposure such as the very low temperatures that would be encountered during panspermia.
Figure S1-S17, Table S3 from A Functional Taxonomy of Tumor Suppression in Oncogenic KRAS–Driven Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(Updated, with minor text changes and rearrangements.) Figure S1-S4 (related to Figure 1) provide details on the selected genes and method. Figure S5 (related to Figure 2) shows the percentiles of all sgRNAs. Figure S6-S8 (related to Figure 3) present Stag2 validation and mechanistic investigations. Figure S9 (related to Figure 4) presents the percentiles of all genotypes at 26-week stage. Figure S10-S11 (related to Figure 5) suggest that genes that regulate tumor number are consistent across datasets. Figure S12 (related to Figure 6) provides additional evidence for the genes that regulate rare large tumors. Figure S13-S14 measure the influences of crowding and sex on Tuba-seq. Figure S15-S16 and Table S3 evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of Tuba-seq. Figure S17 (related to Figure 7) shows the complementarity of Tuba-seq to human datasets.&lt;/p&gt;
Taming SbH3: A Simple and Safe Approach to Using Stibane in Synthesis on a Laboratory Scale (2023)

Abstract Herein, we present a simple, inexpensive, and readily accessible apparatus for the safe and clean preparation, isolation, and conversion of stibane (SbH3). In this setup, only typical standard glassware and fabric tubes are used. The pure stibane can be obtained in very good yields with very little expenditure of time.
Calculating capacity of dependent runway configurations: A discrete-event simulation approach for analysing the effect of aircraft sequencing (2013)

Different projects and tools exist to prepare the air transport industry with the expected growth in the coming 20 years. An important Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in these projects and tools is runway capacity. Existing analytical models to approximate runway capacity cannot take into account all dependencies that exist between multiple runways. Extensive simulation models form an alternative, but are often too complex and time consuming to be used by airport operators themselves. This paper proposes a discrete-event simulation model that is able to determine the runway capacity, by defining a set of standard dependencies between runways that can be adjusted to local circumstances using a limited number of parameters. The model is furthermore able to analyse the benefits in runway capacity that can be achieved by the optimal sequencing of aircraft and has been validated against realised capacity data, and shows realistic results.
Comparing Lifetimes of Series and Parallel Systems with Heterogeneous Fréchet Components (2017)

In this paper, we discuss stochastic comparisons of lifetimes of series and parallel systems with heterogeneous Fréchet components in terms of the usual stochastic order, reversed hazard rate order and likelihood ratio order. The partial results established here extend some well-known results in the literature of Gupta et al. Specifically, first, we generalize the result of Theorem 2 from the usual stochastic order to the reversed hazard rate order. Second, we generalize the result of Theorem 3 from the reversed hazard rate order to the likelihood ratio order. Last, we generalize the result of Theorem 4 from the hazard rate order to the likelihood ratio order when shape parameter 0 &lt; α ≤ 1 .
Supramolecular Catalysis at Work:  Diastereoselective Synthesis of a Molecular Bowl with Dynamic Inner Space (2007)

The supramolecular assistance to Pd(0)/Cu(I)-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of stannylated norbornene 7 has been investigated to give molecular bowl 1syn in a stereoselective fashion. Following a divergent strategy, racemic norbornene 7 was synthesized in satisfactory yield. Self-coupling, promoted by Pd(0)/Cu(I) catalysis acting in synergy with CsF, yielded molecular bowl 1syn in a moderate 30% yield. The reaction diastereoselectivity is affected by the concentration of Cu(I) and Cs+: increasing quantities of the cations enhanced the syn/anti ratio of the isolated cyclotrimer from statistical (1:3) to a more desirable (4.5:1) ratio, in favor of the molecular bowl 1syn. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies suggested the coordinating affinity of 1syn toward transition metals Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I), to account for the observed templation effect. In particular, the tridentate 1syn has been shown to bind to one Ag(I) cation in the assembly process that is driven with enthalpy (Delta H degrees = -19 +/- 2 kcal/mol, Delta S degrees = -45 eu). The complete coordination was not cooperative, and was hypothesized to be impeded with the adverse entropy. Accordingly, density functional theory (BP86) calculations of 1syn and its mono-, bis-, and tris-Ag(I) complexes suggested that the coordination of one to three silver cations is highly exothermic. The calculations also revealed that the bowl constriction is necessary for the aromatic arms to become preorganized and bind to a silver cation(s) (Delta E approximately 8 kcal/mol). Ultimately, Ag(I) has been shown to assist the diastereoselective formation of 1syn, lending support to the notion of template-directed synthesis.
Electron delocalization in helical quinone anion radicals (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron delocalization in helical quinone anion radicalsBingwei Yang, Longbin Liu, Thomas J. Katz, Charles A. Liberko, and Larry L. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 23, 8993–8994Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00023a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00023a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Interleukin-1 blockade in cardiovascular diseases: a clinical update (2018)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-1 was implicated as a cardiodepressant factor in septic shock, and subsequent pre-clinical and clinical research has defined important roles for IL-1 in atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and heart failure (HF). IL-1 promotes the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque and facilitates its progression and complication. In a large phase III clinical trial of stable patients with prior AMI, blocking IL-1 activity using a monoclonal antibody prevented recurrent atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. IL-1 also contributes to adverse remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction after AMI, and in phase II studies, IL-1 blockade quenched the inflammatory response associated with ST-segment elevation AMI and prevented HF. In patients with established HF, IL-1 is thought to impair beta-adrenergic receptor signalling and intracellular calcium handling. Phase II studies in patients with HF show improved exercise capacity with IL-1 blockade. Thus, IL-1 blockade is poised to enter the clinical arena as an additional strategy to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk and/or address inflammatory cardiovascular conditions refractory to standard treatments. There are several IL-1 blockers available for clinical use, which differ in mechanism of action, and potentially also efficacy and safety. While IL-1 blockade is not immunosuppressive and not associated with opportunistic infections or an increased risk of cancer, fatal infections may occur more frequently while on treatment with IL-1 blockers likely due to a blunting of the inflammatory signs of infection leading to delayed presentation and diagnosis. We discuss the practical use of IL-1 blockade, including considerations for patient selection and safety monitoring.
Self-Determination as Growth Motivation in Romantic Relationships (2002)

Self-determination theory was applied to coping, emotion, and behavior in romantic relationships. Sixty heterosexual couples were videotaped in a semistructured interview designed to emphasize differences in how partners view the relationship. Multilevel analyses revealed support for several hypotheses. First, controlled orientation was associated with rating an ideal partner according to how one views oneself, whereas this was weaker with autonomy. Second, autonomy orientation was associated with more relationship-maintaining coping strategies, whereas controlled orientation was associated with more denial. Finally, during the discussion, autonomy orientation was associated with less negative emotion and more positive behaviors, whereas controlled orientation was associated with fewer positive behaviors. The findings are discussed in terms of the benefits of a general motivation toward growth in relationships.
Working Memory and Increased Activity Level (Hyperactivity) in ADHD: Experimental Evidence for a Functional Relation (2015)

Results suggest that altering memory set predictability is a feasible method for increasing/maintaining central executive demands over time, and suggest a positive association between working memory demands and gross motor activity for children with ADHD.
Interaction of p-type dopants during diffusion in InP (2000)

Experiments are described in which zinc and cadmium diffuse together in InP and interact. When zinc is diffused into cadmium-doped InP, it is found that (1) the presence of cadmium increases the penetration depth of the zinc and (2) the presence of the diffusing zinc greatly increases the rate of out-diffusion of cadmium from the semiconductor. A model is proposed to explain this behaviour. It is suggested that both elements diffuse by a substitutional-interstitial mechanism and that the interaction between them is a consequence of both influencing the local concentration of holes. Simulations made using the model show good agreement with experiment.
Towards Fine-grained Side-Channel Instruction Disassembly on a System-on-Chip (2022)

Side-channel based instruction disassembly (SCBD) is a family of side-channel attacks that aims at recovering the code executed by a device from physical measurements. Over past decades researches have proved that instruction-level disassembly is feasible on simple controllers. Simultaneously, the computing power and architectural complexity of processors are increasing, even in constrained devices. Performing side-channel attacks on mid or high-end devices is inherently harder because of complex concurrent activities and an important amount of noise. While broad pattern identification, such as cryptographic primitives, has been proved possible, the feasibility of precise SCBD remains an open question on a complex System-on-Chip (SoC). In this work, we address some of the technical challenges involved in performing SCBD on SoCs. We propose an experimental setup and measurement methodology that enables reliable characterization of instruction-level electromagnetic (EM) leakages. We study the feasibility of three code reconstruction granularities: functional unit recognition, opcode recognition and full instruction recovery. Under a controlled experimental environment, our results show that functional unit recognition is achievable (100% classification accuracy) as well as opcode recognition (with evidence of leakage). In our setup, full instruction recovery (i.e., bit-level encoding) turned out to be more challenging. We show that the classification accuracy on instruction bits is better than random guesses and can be improved by combining multiple EM probe positions, but it is not high enough to foresee an attack in a real environment.
Implant spacer optimization for the improvement of power MOSFETs' unclamped inductive switching (UIS) and high temperature breakdown (2002)

This paper proposes an improvement to a 30 V N-Channel Power VDMOSFET's UIS and high temperature breakdown voltage capability by using a non-etched 0.0750 /spl mu/m thin oxide spacer as masking for a high dose body implant in lieu of a power industry accepted 0.3 /spl mu/m-0.5 /spl mu/m etched spacer. This thinner non-etched spacer allows for a more highly concentrated and precise body dopant distribution beneath the source region, for a given implant energy, preventing the parasitic BJT from turning on at high current densities. As a consequence the UIS and high temperature (/spl ges/150/spl deg/C) breakdown characteristics are enhanced without increasing threshold voltage or device on-resistance.
Effect of Nickel Oxide Doping on the Kinetics and Mechanism of Iron Oxide Reduction. (1995)

Experiments were conducted on pure Fe2O3 fines (–250 mesh) which were mixed with 1, 2.5, 5 and 10% by weight of pure NiO of the same size. The powder mixtures were pressed into compacts and fired at 1473 K for 20 h. The fired compacts were isothermally reduced at 1173-1473 K with hydrogen. The reduction course was followed up by means of weight loss technique. Porosity measurements, reflected light microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to elucidate the reduction kinetics. NiO was found to have a significant effect on the reduction of iron oxide. The rate of reduction at both the initial and final stages increased with the increases of dopant content at all reduction temperatures and this was attributed to the formation of mickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) phase and the consequent increase in the total porosity of compacts. Nix, Fey solid solution (ferronickel alloy) was produced during reduction at all tempetatures studied. The values of apparent activation energy calculated from the experimental results, the structure of partially reduced compacts and the application of gas-solid reaction model were used to elucidate the reduction mechanism.
A droplet-based screen for wavelength-dependent lipid production in algae (2014)

We report a digital microfluidic system designed for droplet-based long-term culture and analysis of algae. The system includes unique innovations relative to standard devices including an active reservoir structure to maintain homogeneous cell density, a customized device layout capable of controlling a wide range of different droplet volumes, vertical interconnects to collect spent reagents, detection zones compatible with parallel-scale optical measurements using a standard multiwell plate reader, and optimized features for droplet dispensing in parallel. The method allows for automated, multiplexed analysis with significant reductions in human intervention, representing a decrease from 600 pipette steps (for a conventional screen in multiwell plates) to fewer than 20 (for the new microfluidic technique). The system was applied to screen conditions favourable for lipid generation in the widely used algal model for biofuel production, Cyclotella cryptica. A dependence on illumination wavelength was observed, with the best conditions (representing a four-fold increase relative to control) comprising an alternation between yellow (∼580 nm) and blue (∼450 nm) illumination wavelengths. These effects were observed for both micro- and macro-scale cultures, and are consistent with a putative mechanism involving photooxidative stress. We propose that the microfluidic system described here is an attractive new screening tool with potential advantages for applications in renewable energy, biotechnology, materials science, and beyond.
Site-directed mutagenesis of the COOH-terminal region of colicin A: effect on secretion and voltage-dependent channel activity. (1987)

A large number of mutants introducing point mutations and deletions into the COOH-terminal domain of colicin A have been constructed by using site-directed mutagenesis. The COOH-terminal domain carries the channel activity. The effects of the alterations in the polypeptide chain on the secretion of colicin A by colicinogenic cells have been investigated. All deletions and some mutations were found to lead to protein aggregation in the cytoplasm, thereby preventing release into the medium. The mutated colicin A proteins have been purified, and their activity in vivo (on sensitive cells) and in vitro (in planar lipid bilayers) has been assayed. Deletions in the region containing putative helices 4, 5, and 6 (predicted to be involved in pore formation) and the transitions (Ala----Asp-492, Phe----Pro-493) in helix 4 abolished the activity. No correlation was observed between mutations leading to protein aggregation and those leading to loss of channel activity. Some mutations were found to alter characteristic properties of the single channels, such as stability, current-relaxation kinetics, voltage dependence, and pore conductance. Site-directed mutagenesis provides a powerful tool for studying structure-function relationships of voltage-sensitive ionic channels.
Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Fingerprinting (2003)

Methylation of cytosine residues is an almost ubiquitous finding of higher organisms (). The majority of this methylation occurs at the dinucleotide CpG (where p denotes a phosphate group) (). CpG sites are distributed throughout the genome with clusters of the sequence being found in the 5′ promoter region of housekeeping genes, in groups known as CpG islands. These short stretches of DNA have a have a C and G base composition, which in mammals and avians is estimated to be 10 times higher than in bulk DNA ()
Impaired Cued and Contextual Memory in NPAS2-Deficient Mice (2000)

Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS domain transcription factor expressed in multiple regions of the vertebrate brain. Targeted insertion of a beta-galactosidase reporter gene (lacZ) resulted in the production of an NPAS2-lacZ fusion protein and an altered form of NPAS2 lacking the bHLH domain. The neuroanatomical expression pattern of NPAS2-lacZ was temporally and spatially coincident with formation of the mature frontal association/limbic forebrain pathway. NPAS2-deficient mice were subjected to a series of behavioral tests and were found to exhibit deficits in the long-term memory arm of the cued and contextual fear task. Thus, NPAS2 may serve a dedicated regulatory role in the acquisition of specific types of memory.