gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Cell Counting and Observation of Spacial Distribution of Nitrifiers in Aerobic Biofilms by FISH(fluorescent in situ hybridization). (1999)

Abundance and spacial distribution of nitrifying bacteria in aerobic biofilm consortia were investigated by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 16SrRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. The biofilms were developed in a novel reactor named downflow hanging sponge-cubes (DHS), which was employed as a cost-effective aerobic post-treatment unit after an UASB anaerobic pre-treatment unit receiving municipal sewage. Microscopic direct counting of nitrifying bacteria detected by the FISH technique was carried out to disintegrated biofilm samples, which were obtained by squeezing the sponge-cubes at different reactor height locations. The cell enumeration suggested that the DHS biomass contained 1.4×109-1.2×108 cells·ml-1 cube of Nitrosomonas and 1.8×108-0.15×108 cells·ml-1-cube of Nitrobacter, giving the presence ratio to total cells (detected by DAPI-staining) at 1.4% and 0.18%, respectively. Cell concentrations of both nitrifying bacteria were well correlated with ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing activities evaluated by batch tests. Application of the FISH technique to thinsectioned intact biofilm revealed that both Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter were rather present in the interior space of sponge-cubes, as attached onto sponge materials. A relatively small amount of Nitrosomonas was observed only until 50μm-depth outer layer of the thick biofilm formed on the surface of sponge-cubes.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, Antiviral, and Cytostatic Evaluation of Novel Isoxazolidine Analogues of C‐Nucleotides. (2014)

Abstract A series of novel isoxazolidines (III) (25 examples), are prepared by a catalyst‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrones (I) with styrenes (II).
Discrete geometric shapes (1996)

In this survey we consider geometric techniques which have been used to measure the similarity or distance between shapes, as well as to approximate shapes, or interpolate between shapes. Shape is a modality which plays a key role in many disciplines, ranging from computer vision to molecular biology. We focus on algorithmic techniques based on computational geometry that have been developed for shape matching, simplification, and morphing.
Rethinking nasal tip support: A finite element analysis (2014)

N/A.
<title>Multiresolution approach to discriminating targets from clutter in SAR imagery</title> (1995)

We develop and extensively test a new algorithm for discriminating man-made objects from natural clutter in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The novel feature of our approach is its exploitation of the characteristically distinct variations in speckle pattern for imagery of man-made objects and of natural clutter, as image resolution is varied from coarse to fine. We treat these characteristics using stochastic framework, specifically tailored for multiresolution random processes and fields. Within the framework, we build a pair of multiscale models: one for SAR imagery of natural clutter and another for imagery of man-made objects. We then use these models to define a multiresolution discriminant as the likelihood ratio for distinguishing between the two image types, given a multiresolution sequence of images of a region of interest (ROI). We incorporate this likelihood ratio into an existing, established discriminator that was developed at Lincoln Laboratory (LL) as part of a complete system for automatic target recognition (ATR). To classify a given ROI, we merge the information provided by our likelihood ratio with the measured values of a small number of size and brightness features. We have applied the resulting new discriminator to an extensive data set of 0.3-meter resolution, HH polarization imagery gathered with the LL millimeter-wave SAR. The detection results are extremely good. In particluar, the new discriminator achieves a significant improvement in receiver operating characteristics, compared to an optimized version of the standard discriminator that is traditionally used in the LL ATR system. This result conclusively demonstrates that multiresolution methods have an effective and important role to play in SAR ATR algorithms.
Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs. 2. Lieferung: Antibiotiques (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDie Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs. 2. Lieferung: AntibiotiquesKoert. GerzonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 9, 1904–1905Publication Date (Print):May 5, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 May 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01063a092RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (353 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Molecular computations for reactions and phase transitions: applications to protein stabilization, hydrates and catalysis (2005)

In this work we have made significant contributions in three different areas of interest: therapeutic protein stabilization, thermodynamics of natural gas clathrate-hydrates, and zeolite catalysis. In all three fields, using our various computational techniques, we have been able to elucidate phenomena that are difficult or impossible to explain experimentally. More specifically, in mixed solvent systems for proteins we developed a statistical-mechanical method to model the thermodynamic effects of additives in molecular-level detail. It was the first method demonstrated to have truly predictive (no adjustable parameters) capability for real protein systems. We also describe a novel mechanism that slows protein association reactions, called the “gap effect.” We developed a comprehensive picture of methioine oxidation by hydrogen peroxide that allows for accurate prediction of protein oxidation and provides a rationale for developing strategies to control oxidation. The method of solvent accessible area (SAA) was shown not to correlate well with oxidation rates. A new property, averaged two-shell water coordination number (2SWCN) was identified and shown to correlate well with oxidation rates. Reference parameters for the van der Waals Platteeuw model of clathrate-hydrates were found for structure I and structure II. These reference parameters are independent of the potential form (unlike the commonly used parameters) and have been validated by calculating phase behavior and structural transitions for mixed hydrate systems. These calculations are validated with experimental data for both structures and for systems that undergo transitions from one structure to another. This is the first method of calculating hydrate thermodynamics to demonstrate predictive capability for phase equilibria, structural changes, and occupancy in pure and mixed hydrate systems. We have computed a new mechanism for the methanol coupling reaction to form ethanol and water in the zeolite chabazite. The mechanism at 400°C proceeds via stable intermediates of water, methane, and protonated formaldehyde.
Learning-Based Quantum Robust Control: Algorithm, Applications, and Experiments (2019)

Robust control design for quantum systems has been recognized as a key task in quantum information technology, molecular chemistry, and atomic physics. In this paper, an improved differential evolution algorithm, referred to as multiple-samples and mixed-strategy DE (msMS_DE), is proposed to search robust fields for various quantum control problems. In msMS_DE, multiple samples are used for fitness evaluation and a mixed strategy is employed for the mutation operation. In particular, the msMS_DE algorithm is applied to the control problems of: 1) open inhomogeneous quantum ensembles and 2) the consensus goal of a quantum network with uncertainties. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the excellent performance of the improved machine learning algorithm for these two classes of quantum robust control problems. Furthermore, msMS_DE is experimentally implemented on femtosecond (fs) laser control applications to optimize two-photon absorption and control fragmentation of the molecule CH<sub>2</sub>BrI. The experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance of msMS_DE in searching for effective fs laser pulses for various tasks.
Complexation of the macrocyclic hexa-amine ligand 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexa-azacyclo-octadecane(‘18-azacrown-6’) (1980)

Complexation constants in aqueous solutions of the title compound with various metal ions are presented, together with ΔH and ΔS parameters. Unlike lower polyamine macrocyclic homologues, it has appreciable affinity to non-polarizable cations.
<title>A comparison of traditional and emerging ultrasonic methods for the nondestructive evaluation of polymer matrix composites subjected to impact damage</title> (2004)

This paper presents the results of a comparison study of three ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods applied to polymer matrix composite (PMC) specimens subjected to impact damage. Samples mainly consisted of various thicknesses of graphite/epoxy coupon panels impacted with various energy levels. Traditional pulse-echo and through transmission ultrasonic c-scan techniques were applied to impacted samples and served as the basis for comparison. Specimens were then inspected using acoustography, a large field ultrasonic inspection technique that is analogous to real-time X-ray imaging. Acoustography utilizes a unique, wide area two-dimensional (2-D) detector, called an acousto-optic (AO) sensor, to directly convert ultrasound into visual images; much like an image intensifier in real-time radiography. Finally, a newly developed guided wave scanning system was utilized to inspect the same set of samples. This system uses two transducers in a pitch catch configuration to examine the total (multi-mode) ultrasonic response in its inspection analysis. Several time- and frequency-domain parameters are calculated from the ultrasonic guided wave signal at each scan location to form images. Results are presented for all of the methods demonstrating each technique's detection capabilities and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
Collaborative Micro Aerial Vehicle Exploration of Outdoor Environments (2010)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges, Design Principles, and Technical Approaches (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In today's competitive industry marketplace, the companies face growing demands to improve process efficiencies, comply with environmental regulations, and meet corporate financial objectives. Given the increasing age of many industrial systems and the dynamic industrial manufacturing market, intelligent and low-cost industrial automation systems are required to improve the productivity and efficiency of such systems. The collaborative nature of industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) brings several advantages over traditional wired industrial monitoring and control systems, including self-organization, rapid deployment, flexibility, and inherent intelligent-processing capability. In this regard, IWSN plays a vital role in creating a highly reliable and self-healing industrial system that rapidly responds to real-time events with appropriate actions. In this paper, first, technical challenges and design principles are introduced in terms of hardware development, system architectures and protocols, and software development. Specifically, radio technologies, energy-harvesting techniques, and cross-layer design for IWSNs have been discussed. In addition, IWSN standards are presented for the system owners, who plan to utilize new IWSN technologies for industrial automation applications. In this paper, our aim is to provide a contemporary look at the current state of the art in IWSNs and discuss the still-open research issues in this field and, hence, to make the decision-making process more effective and direct. </para>
Two Lamellar to Fibrillar Transitions in the Tensile Deformation of High-Density Polyethylene (2010)

The structural evolution of tensile-deformed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) at the lamellar level was investigated as a function of strain using a scanning synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering technique. Intralamellar crystalline block slips were activated at small deformations, whereas stress-induced fragmentation and recrystallization process proceeded at a larger strain, yielding lamellae with polymeric chains preferentially oriented along the stretching direction. The critical strains marking the onset of the destruction of original crystallites and the fibril formation for isothermally crystallized HDPE were at about 0.4 and 1.2, respectively. In the case of a quenched sample, the critical strain was 0.4. In the isothermally crystallized sample two critical values were observed that could be traced back to the existence of two populations of lamellar stacks with significantly different interlamellar amorphous phase thicknesses. This resulted in distinct mobilities of the amorphous domains and, therefore, different moduli of the entangled amorphous networks. Consequently, the strain required to produce the critical network stress, which gave rise to a fragmentation of the crystalline blocks, was different for each stack of crystalline lamellae.
Plasmon dispersion relation of Au and Ag nanowires (2003)

We have studied surface plasmon modes on silver and gold nanowires of a fixed cross section and different lengths, produced by electron beam lithography. The optically excited modes are determined by extinction spectroscopy and can be interpreted in terms of standing plasmon polariton waves. The eigenfrequencies are found to follow a dispersion relation similar to that for a planar metal/dielectric interface.
How the Immune System Responds to Allergy Immunotherapy (2022)

IgE-mediated diseases represent a highly diversified and multifactorial group of disorders that can deeply impact the patients' quality of life. Currently, allergy immunotherapy (AIT) still remains the gold standard for the management of such pathologies. In this review, we comprehensively examine and discuss how AIT can affect both the innate and the adaptive immune responses at different cell levels and propose timing-scheduled alterations induced by AIT by hypothesizing five sequential phases: after the desensitization of effector non-lymphoid cells and a transient increase of IgE (phase 1), high doses of allergen given by AIT stimulate the shift from type 2/type 3 towards type 1 response (phase 2), which is progressively potentiated by the increase of IFN-γ that promotes the chronic activation of APCs, progressively leading to the hyperexpression of Notch1L (Delta4) and the secretion of IL-12 and IL-27, which are essential to activate IL-10 gene in Th1 and ILC1 cells. As consequence, an expansion of circulating memory Th1/Tr1 cells and ILC-reg characterizes the third phase addressed to antagonize/balance the excess of type 1 response (phase 3). The progressive increase of IL-10 triggers a number of regulatory circuits sustained by innate and adaptive immune cells and favoring T-cell tolerance (phase 4), which may also be maintained for a long period after AIT interruption (phase 5). Different administration approaches of AIT have shown a similar tailoring of the immune responses and can be monitored by timely, optimized biomarkers. The clinical failure of this treatment can occur, and many genetic/epigenetic polymorphisms/mutations involving several immunological mechanisms, such as the plasticity of immune responses and the induction/maintenance of regulatory circuits, have been described. The knowledge of how AIT can shape the immune system and its responses is a key tool to develop novel AIT strategies including the engineering of allergen or their epitopes. We now have the potential to understand the precise causes of AIT failure and to establish the best biomarkers of AIT efficacy in each phase of the treatment.
New kinetic procedure for the measurement of conjugated bilirubin with a centrifugal analyzer. (1979)

A procedure has been developed for the automated measurement of conjugated bilirubin in serum with a centrifugal analyzer. The conjugated bilirubin is measured by a fixed time kinetic method which monitors the reaction between conjugated bilirubin and diazotized sulfanilic acid at 550 nm. Results are calculated based on a comparison of the reagent blank-corrected absorbance changes between 15 seconds and 75 seconds for sample vs changes in an empirical standard. The standard used is N-(1-naphthyl) ethylene diamine dihydrochloride (NEDC) which reacts with diazotized sulfanilic acid at a rate comparable to conjugated bilirubin. The standard is calibrated by comparison with a modified Jendrassik and Grof procedure using a serum blank-corrected centrifugal analyzer reference method. The method is linear to 150 mg per 1 with a sensitivity of 3.0 milliabsorbance units per 1.0 mg per 1 of conjugated bilirubin using a 35 mul sample volume. Within-run precision is 1 percent for elevated concentrations of bilirubin. Hemolysis introduces a negative interference, the nature of which is discussed.
Joint Image-Text News Topic Detection and Tracking by Multimodal Topic And-Or Graph (2016)

This paper presents a novel method for automatically detecting and tracking news topics from multimodal TV news data. We propose a multimodal topic and-or graph (MT-AOG) to jointly represent textual and visual elements of news stories and their latent topic structures. An MT-AOG leverages a context-sensitive grammar that can describe the hierarchical composition of news topics by semantic elements about people involved, related places, and what happened, and model contextual relationships between elements in the hierarchy. We detect news topics through a cluster sampling process which groups stories about closely related events together. Swendsen-Wang cuts, an effective cluster sampling algorithm, is adopted for traversing the solution space and obtaining optimal clustering solutions by maximizing a Bayesian posterior probability. The detected topics are then continuously tracked and updated with incoming news streams. We generate topic trajectories to show how topics emerge, evolve, and disappear over time. The experimental results show that our method can explicitly describe the textual and visual data in news videos and produce meaningful topic trajectories. Our method also outperforms previous methods for the task of document clustering on Reuters-21578 dataset and our novel dataset, UCLA Broadcast News dataset.
A reconfigurable mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer for point and remote chemical sensing (2021)

We present a QCL-based mid-IR dual-comb spectrometer that can be automatically reconfigured between two sensing modalities: an extractive point sensing and a remote retroreflector-based sensing. A proof-of-concept field demonstration presents its adaptability to different sensing scenarios.
A 0.99-pJ/b 15-Gb/s Counter-Based Adaptive Equalizer Using Single Comparator in 28-nm CMOS (2021)

This brief presents a low-power counter-based adaptive equalizer that does not require additional power-hungry comparators for an equalizer adaptation loop. A pulse generator in the proposed equalizer obviates the need for additional error sampling comparators. Instead, it allows the receiver to utilize an output of a data decision comparator for the equalizer adaptation by generating a pulse that indicates whether the comparator makes a firm decision for the incoming data. A single comparator is shared by the data recovery path and equalizer adaptation loop. Consequently, the proposed counter-based equalizer achieves a low power dissipation owing to the reduced number of comparators. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS technology, the prototype receiver occupies an active area of 0.004 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes only 0.99-pJ/b at 15-Gb/s.
Data Leakage in Cross-Modal Retrieval Training: A Case Study (2023)

The recent progress in text-based audio retrieval was largely propelled by the release of suitable datasets. Since the manual creation of such datasets is a laborious task, obtaining data from online resources can be a cheap solution to create large-scale datasets. We study the recently proposed SoundDesc benchmark dataset, which was automatically sourced from the BBC Sound Effects web page. In our analysis, we find that SoundDesc contains several duplicates that cause leakage of training data to the evaluation data. This data leakage ultimately leads to overly optimistic retrieval performance estimates in previous benchmarks. We propose new training, validation, and testing splits for the dataset that we make available online. To avoid weak contamination of the test data, we pool audio files that share similar recording setups. In our experiments, we find that the new splits serve as a more challenging benchmark.
Biofortification of Hard Red Winter Wheat by Genes Conditioning Low Phytate and High Grain Protein Concentration (2018)

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were used to determine whether the combination of low grain phytate (LPA) conditioned by lpa1‐1 and Gpc‐B1 (where GPC stands for grain protein content) alleles would simultaneously increase beneficial mineral concentrations and grain protein without pleiotropic effects on grain yield. Four different genotypes (LPA‐GPC, LPA‐wild type [WT], WT‐GPC, or WT‐WT) were used as treatments in field experiments in Nebraska. Genotypic effects on senescence, grain yield, grain volume weight, grain protein, Fe, Zn, and other mineral grain concentrations were determined. Low grain phytate alone and in combination with GPC increased dialyzed Zn, Ca, and Mn. Gpc‐B1 had a slight effect on grain protein concentration in the tested genetic backgrounds and environments. The combination of LPA and GPC did not lower grain yield, grain protein, or total grain Fe and Zn concentrations. However, the LPA‐GPC combination significantly reduced grain volume weight. The LPA allele alone reduced grain protein concentration. Introgression of lpa1‐1 alleles into adapted Great Plains winter wheat materials can improve dialyzed Zn, Ca, and Mn concentrations without reducing grain yield and, coupled with introgression of Gpc‐B1 , provide more nutritious wheat kernels.