gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Trimethoprim Conjugate of Thiomaltose Has Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy In Vivo (2018)

Trimethoprim is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world. However, its efficacy is frequently limited by its poor water solubility and dose limiting toxicity. Prodrug strategies based on conjugation of oligosaccharides to trimethoprim have great potential for increasing the solubility of trimethoprim and lowering its toxicity, but they have been challenging to develop due to the sensitivity of trimethoprim to chemical modifications, and the rapid degradation of oligosaccharides in serum. In this report, we present a trimethoprim conjugate of maltodextrin termed TM-TMP, which increased the water solubility of trimethoprim by over 100 times, was stable to serum enzymes, and was active against urinary tract infections in mice. TM-TMP is composed of thiomaltose conjugated to trimethoprim, via a self-immolative disulfide linkage, and releases 4'-OH-trimethoprim (TMP-OH) after disulfide cleavage, which is a known metabolic product of trimethoprim and is as potent as trimethoprim. TM-TMP also contains a new maltodextrin targeting ligand composed of thiomaltose, which is stable to hydrolysis by serum amylases and therefore has the metabolic stability needed for in vivo use. TM-TMP has the potential to significantly improve the treatment of a wide number of infections given its high water solubility and the widespread use of trimethoprim.
Application of cardiovascular models in comparative physiology and blood pressure variability (2013)

The usefulness of cardiovascular models is determined by their intended function with respect to elucidating underlying hemodynamic concepts and to enable simulations that will assist in understanding the effects of specific parameters. Models can take different forms, including mock circulatory constructs with physical components, mathematical representations of parameter space relations employing constitutive equations, or closed form representations of electrical circuit analogs described in the time or frequency domain. This investigation describes the use of cardiovascular models based on electrical analogs of mechanical hydrodynamic systems to elucidate two different physiologic concepts: (i) the use of distributed vascular impedance to investigate comparative physiology of optimal design and features related to body size across a broad range of animal species; (ii) use of lumped parameter models to assess the role of arterial stiffness in blood pressure variability. The impedance model shows that an allometric relationship between body weight and aortic effective length can be determined by using the frequency of minimum input impedance and aortic pulse wave velocity. This concept provides a background for optimal matching of body size and hemodynamic load on the heart. The lumped parameter model indicates that arterial stiffness, simulated by the total arterial compliance term, has a significant impact on variability of arterial pressure when changes are due to dynamic alterations of peripheral resistance. In addition, the known pressure dependency of arterial stiffness results in a curvilinear relationship between blood pressure variability and mean pressure. This has implications in hypertensive treatment where there are marked changes in arterial stiffness, as occurs with aging.
SciN Is an Outer Membrane Lipoprotein Required for Type VI Secretion in EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli (2008)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a pathogen implicated in several infant diarrhea or diarrheal outbreaks in areas of endemicity. Although multiple genes involved in EAEC pathogenesis have been identified, the overall mechanism of virulence is not well understood. Recently, a novel secretion system, called type VI secretion (T6S) system (T6SS), has been identified in EAEC and most animal or plant gram-negative pathogens. T6SSs are multicomponent cell envelope machines responsible for the secretion of at least two putative substrates, Hcp and VgrG. In EAEC, two copies of T6S gene clusters, called sci-1 and sci-2, are present on the pheU pathogenicity island. In this study, we focused our work on the sci-1 gene cluster. The Sci-1 apparatus is probably composed of all, or a subset of, the 21 gene products encoded on the cluster. Among these subunits, some are shared by all T6SSs identified to date, including a ClpV-type AAA(+) ATPase (SciG) and an IcmF (SciS) and an IcmH (SciP) homologue, as well as a putative lipoprotein (SciN). In this study, we demonstrate that sciN is a critical gene necessary for T6S-dependent secretion of the Hcp-like SciD protein and for biofilm formation. We further show that SciN is a lipoprotein, as shown by the inhibition of its processing by globomycin and in vivo labeling with [(3)H]palmitic acid. SciN is tethered to the outer membrane and exposed in the periplasm. Sequestration of SciN at the inner membrane by targeting the +2 residue responsible for lipoprotein localization (Gly2Asp) fails to complement an sciN mutant for SciD secretion and biofilm formation. Together, these results support a model in which SciN is an outer membrane lipoprotein exposed in the periplasm and essential for the Sci-1 apparatus function.
Large-Scale Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Assisted by Directed Sampling (2021)

It is particularly challenging for evolutionary algorithms to quickly converge to the Pareto front in large-scale multiobjective optimization. To tackle this problem, this article proposes a large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithm assisted by some selected individuals generated by directed sampling (DS). At each generation, a set of individuals closer to the ideal point is chosen for performing a DS in the decision space, and those nondominated ones of the sampled solutions are used to assist the reproduction to improve the convergence in evolutionary large-scale multiobjective optimization. In addition, elitist nondominated sorting is adopted complementarily for environmental selection with a reference vector-based method in order to maintain diversity of the population. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive on large-scale multiobjective optimization test problems with up to 5000 decision variables compared to five state-of-the-art multiobjective evolutionary algorithms.
Abstract 4887: RecurrentNRG1rearrangements in Caucasian pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma: results from an Italian multi-center cohort (2019)

Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare histotype of lung adenocarcinoma associated with an unfavorable prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment. The NRG1 rearrangement is a new subtype-specific molecular feature of IMA and acts as a strong oncogenic inductor of the aberrant tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimers through PI3K-AKT/MAPK cellular cascades. We recently described for the first time the occurrence of NRG1 rearrangements in 31% of Caucasian lung IMAs and highlighted a strong association between NRG1 rearrangements and ErbB3 activation.Here we extended our lung IMA samples cohort by enrolling a total of 71 patients from three different Italian Centers and collected clinical-pathological information and molecular profile, included the mutational status of KRAS, EGFR and ALK genes. We screened all samples by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of putative NRG1 rearrangements and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the expression of phosphorylated-ErbB3 (pErbB3) receptor. Finally, we customized a new targeted RNA Custom Panel to detect all 9 NRG1-fusion variants published to date to molecular characterize the NRG1 fusion variants in NRG1 rearranged IMAs.Results showed NRG1 rearrangements in 32% of lung IMAs, displaying both NRG1 FISH split signals and deletions of the 5' portion of the gene. IHC confirmed our previous findings of association between pErbB3 immunoreactivity and NRG1 rearrangements, and the heterogeneity of fluorescent signal distribution and immunostaining along the tissue sections. The CD74-NRG1 remains the most common fusion variant identified in lung IMA samples. Correlation analysis among clinical-pathological data, pErbB3 expression and NRG1 rearrangements are ongoing.Our results confirm the usefulness of IHC/FISH combined approach for NRG1 broken tumors identification and highlight the role of NRG1 rearrangement as master molecular marker of lung IMAs, potentially useful to select patients for the emerging target therapies.Citation Format: Domenico Trombetta, Paolo Graziano, Angelo Sparaneo, Giulio Rossi, Antonio Rossi, Marcello Tiseo, Massimo Di Maio, Federico P. Fabrizio, Maria C. Manzorra, Flavia Centra, Leonarda Di Candia, Marco Audisio, Evaristo Maiello, Vito M. Fazio, Lucia A. Muscarella. Recurrent NRG1 rearrangements in Caucasian pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma: results from an Italian multi-center cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4887.
CASEIN and Its Industrial Applications (1942)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementCASEIN and Its Industrial ApplicationsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1942, 20, 20, 1348Publication Date (Print):October 25, 1942Publication History Published online4 November 2010Published inissue 25 October 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v020n020.p1348Copyright © 1942 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (88 KB) SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Deadly Communicable diseases and “Superbugs” brought to Western Societies Could Exacerbate Cardiovascular Disease Worldwide and why a newly discovered Biologic may ameliorate These Challenges: A Potential important wake-up call (2018)

Internal medicine deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases. Emergency medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of unforeseen illnesses. MJIEM is a measure taken to increase the reachability over the wider audience including scholars, researchers, and institutions.
Inkjet Printing of Polymer Microspheres (2009)

Aqueous suspensions of colloidal polymer nanoparticles were deposited on glass substrates with different degrees of hydrophiliciy using a Dimatix DMP-2831 drop-on-demand (DoD) piezo-inkjet materials printer. The results are evaluated by optical means with respect to the final morphology governed by self-assembly processes.
The role of Cox‐2 and prostaglandin E 2 receptor EP3 in pancreatic β‐cell death (2019)

Elevated levels of lipids, in particular saturated fatty acids, are known to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to have a negative effect on β-cell function and survival. We bring new evidence indicating that palmitate up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels in human islets and in MIN6 β cells, and that it is elevated in islets isolated from T2D donors. Both small interfering specific cyclooxygenase-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by palmitate. Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>), the predominant product of COX-2 enzymatic activity, activates membrane receptors, which are members of the GPCR-family (EP1-EP4). In the present study, elevated expression of the PGE<sub>2</sub> receptor subtype 3 (EP3) receptor was observed in β cells exposed to palmitate and in islets from individuals with T2D. Down-regulation of the pathway using EP3 siRNA or the specific L-798,106 antagonist markedly decreased the levels of palmitate-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our data put forward the COX-2-PGE<sub>2</sub>-EP3 pathway as one of the mediators of palmitate-induced apoptosis in β-cells.-Amior, L., Srivastava, R., Nano, R., Bertuzzi, F., Melloul, D. The role of Cox-2 and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> receptor EP3 in pancreatic β-cell death.
FPGA Acceleration of Short Read Alignment (2018)

Aligning millions of short DNA or RNA reads, of 75 to 250 base pairs each, to a reference genome is a significant computation problem in bioinformatics. We present a flexible and fast FPGA-based short read alignment tool. Our aligner makes use of the processing power of FPGAs in conjunction with the greater host memory bandwidth and flexibility of software to improve performance and achieve a high level of configurability. This flexible design supports a variety of reference genome sizes without the performance degradation suffered by other software and FPGA-based aligners. It is also better able to support the features of new alignment algorithms, which frequently crop up in the rapidly evolving field of bioinformatics. We demonstrate these advantages in a case study where we align RNA-Seq data from a hypothesized mouse / human xenograft. In this case study, our aligner provides a speedup of 5.6x over BWA-SW with energy savings of 21%, while also reducing incorrect short read classification by 29%. To demonstrate the flexibility of our system we show that the speedup can be substantially improved while retaining most of the accuracy gains over BWA-SW. The speedup can be increased to 71.3x, while still enjoying a 28% incorrect classification improvement and 52% improvement in unaligned reads.
Opioid Overprescription in Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy (2021)

Background: Previous studies have examined factors related to the increased use of opioids after hip arthroscopy in adults. However, few have focused on the adolescent population. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the opioids prescribed to opioids consumed after hip arthroscopic procedures in adolescent and young adult patients, and to determine patient or surgical factors associated with increased postoperative opioid use. Methods: Adolescent and young adult patients who underwent hip arthroscopy and associated arthroscopic interventions between January 2017 and January 2020 were included. Patients with a diagnosed pain syndrome or history of chronic pain, as determined by the patient taking opioid medications prior to surgery, were excluded. Daily postoperative opioid intake was recorded via pain-control logbooks. The outcome of the study was defined as the average total number of opioid tablets consumed postoperatively. Results: Fifty-eight patients returned completed logbooks, 72% of whom were female patients. The average age was 21.30 years (range, 14.9 – 34.2). Most patients (73%) were prescribed 30 oxycodone tablets. The median amount of tablets consumed was 7 (range, 0-41) over a median duration of 7 days (range, 1-22). The median ratio of tablets consumed to prescribed was 20% and the 95 th percentile of opioids consumed was 28 tablets. Bivariate analysis showed that patient age at surgery was positively correlated to the total amount of tablets consumed (r=0.28, p=0.04) and to the ratio of tablets consumed to prescribed (r=0.30, p=0.03). Duration of surgery was negatively correlated to the number of days tablets were consumed (r=-0.31, p=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were prescribed more than 30 tablets took on average 7.8 more tablets overall compared to those prescribed 30 or fewer tablets (p=0.003), and that for each additional year of age, the ratio of tablets consumed to prescribed increased by 1% (p=0.02). Conclusion: After undergoing hip arthroscopy and associated arthroscopic procedures, adolescents and young adult patients are commonly overprescribed opioids, consuming on average only one-fifth of the tablets prescribed. This finding mirrors trends in the pediatric knee arthroscopy literature and provides an opportunity to reassess current opioid prescribing behaviors in the adolescent and young adult populations. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
Optimal Power Allocation for Spectrum Sharing in Frequency-Selective Unlicensed Bands (2008)

Power allocation is an important issue for spectrum sharing of unlicensed bands, in which multiple unlicensed systems may coexist and operate. Recently some works have been reported on spectrum sharing in frequency-flat unlicensed bands. However, there has not been much work on power allocation for spectrum sharing in frequency-selective unlicensed bands. In this letter, we propose an optimal power allocation strategy on frequency-selective interference channels (IC). This strategy, also referred as general power allocation (GPA), allows the transmission power density to vary within one subcarrier. By showing the duality of frequency-selective and parallel frequency- flat channels, we can therefore compute the achievable rate region of GPA. Our method can be regarded as an extension of previous results for frequency-flat scenarios. It will also be shown that over frequency-selective Gaussian IC, the proposed GPA can achieve larger rate region than conventional power allocation strategies, where the transmission power density on each subcarrier is set equal.
SU-FF-T-249: Fractionated Grid Therapy in Treating Cervical Cancers (2006)

Purpose: To evaluate the potential therapeutic advantage of external beam grid therapy in treating cervical cancer in comparison of conventional open field radiotherapy. Method and Materials: A Monte Carlo technique was employed to calculate 2-dimensinal dose distribution of a commercially available grid, and the linear-quadratic (LQ) model was applied to study the therapeutic advantage of using grid therapy for treating cervical cancers. A list of cervical cancer cell lines with known LQ parameters were used to calculate the radiotherapy response. Acutely responding normal muscle with α/β value of 3.1 Gy was used to evaluate the outcomes of between the open and grid field irradiations. The normal muscle tissue with three different sensitivities was assumed according to their response to a 2Gy open field. The therapeutic ratio based on sparing normal cells has been defined and calculated. The treatment regimens with 2Gy per fraction and 5 to 20 fractions were used in the calculations. Results: The survival fractions of normal tissues as well as tumor cells in the open and grid field are calculated. An appreciable therapeutic advantage has been demonstrated. Therapeutic ratio up to 9.5 for radio-sensitive normal muscles was found. However, the radio-resistant muscle does not show apparent advantage benefiting from the grid therapy. The results of data analysis showed that the therapeutic outcome depends not only on the single value α/β, but also on the individual α and β values of both the tumor and normal tissue cells. Conclusion: Monte Carlo technique was proven to be able to provide the dosimetric characteristics for grid therapy. The grid therapy in this study was found to be advantageous for treating the acutely responding cervical tumors (α/β>6), but not for slow responding ones (α/β⩽6). The acutely responding tumors and radio-sensitive normal tissues are more suitable for using the grid therapy.
Histopathological validation of a three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy index as a predictor of tumor presence (2002)

Biopsy samples containing tumor were distinguished from those containing a mixture of normal, edematous, gliotic, and necrotic tissue with 90% sensitivity and 86% specificity by using a CNI threshold of 2.5. The CNIs of nontumorous specimens were significantly different from those of biopsy specimens containing Grade II (p < 0.03), Grade III (p < 0.005), and Grade IV (p < 0.01) tumors. On average, one third to one half of the T2-hyperintense lesion outside the contrast-enhancing lesion contained CNI greater than 2.5.
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis: A Scale-Free View on Neuronal Oscillations (2012)

Recent years of research have shown that the complex temporal structure of ongoing oscillations is scale-free and characterized by long-range temporal correlations. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) has proven particularly useful, revealing that genetic variation, normal development, or disease can lead to differences in the scale-free amplitude modulation of oscillations. Furthermore, amplitude dynamics is remarkably independent of the time-averaged oscillation power, indicating that the DFA provides unique insights into the functional organization of neuronal systems. To facilitate understanding and encourage wider use of scaling analysis of neuronal oscillations, we provide a pedagogical explanation of the DFA algorithm and its underlying theory. Practical advice on applying DFA to oscillations is supported by MATLAB scripts from the Neurophysiological Biomarker Toolbox (NBT) and links to the NBT tutorial website http://www.nbtwiki.net/. Finally, we provide a brief overview of insights derived from the application of DFA to ongoing oscillations in health and disease, and discuss the putative relevance of criticality for understanding the mechanism underlying scale-free modulation of oscillations.
2A1-Q09 Learning and Control Musculoskeletal Nonlinearity of Tendon Driven Musculoskeletal Humanoid (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel learning method to find relation from muscle-length to joint-angle and vise verse in a musculoskeletal robot, based on nonlinear bidirectional mapping between muscle-length and joint-angle. We show that mapping from joint-angle to muscle-length can be learned as linear combination of multiplications of joint-angle. This formulation enable us to extract not only muscle-jacobian but also EKF for posture identification in a musculoskeletal robot. Finally we applied the method to tendon driven musculoskeletal robot "Kenshiro" and verified its validity.