gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Engine Knock Using a Concurrent Cycles Approach (2020)

Abstract Knock is a major design challenge for spark-ignited engines. Knock constrains high load operation and limits efficiency gains that can be achieved by implementing higher compression ratios. The propensity to knock depends on the interaction among fuel properties, engine geometry, and operating conditions. Moreover, cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) in knock intensity is commonly encountered under abnormal combustion conditions. In this situation, knock needs to be assessed with multiple engine cycles. Therefore, when using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict knock behavior, multi-cycle simulations must be performed. The wall clock time for simulating multiple consecutive engine cycles is prohibitive, especially for a statistically valid sample size (i.e. 30–100 cycles). In this work, 3-d CFD simulations were used to model knocking phenomena in the cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (uRANS) simulations were performed with a hybrid combustion modeling approach using the G-equation method to track the turbulent flame front and finite-rate chemistry model to predict end-gas autoignition. To circumvent the high cost of running simulations with a large number of consecutive engine cycles, a concurrent perturbation method (CPM) was evaluated to predict knock CCV. The CPM was based on previous work by the authors, in which concurrent engine cycles were used to predict engine CCV in a non-knocking gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. Concurrent cycles were initialized by perturbing a saved flow field with a random isotropic velocity field. By initializing each cycle with a perturbation sufficiently early in the cycle, each case yields a distinct and valid prediction of combustion due to the chaotic nature of the system. Three operating points were simulated, with different spark timings corresponding to heavy knock, light knock, and no knock. For all the operating points, other conditions were based on the standard research octane number (RON) test specification for iso-octane. The spark timing of the heavy knock case was the same as that of the RON test. The in-cylinder pressure fluctuations were isolated using a frequency filtering method. A bandpass filter was applied to eliminate high and low frequencies. The knocking pressures were calculated consistently between the experimental and simulation data, including the sampling frequency of the data. The simulation data was sampled to match the sampling rate of the experimental data. The knock intensities were compared for the concurrently obtained cycles, the consecutively obtained cycles, and experimental cycles. Knock predictions from the concurrent and consecutive simulations compared well to each other and with experiments, thereby demonstrating the validity of the CPM approach.
LONG TERM (10 MONTH) PIG ISLET XENOGRAFT (PIX) TOLERANCE USING MEASURED-TOTAL LYMPHOID IRRADIATION, SPLENECTOMY SHORT TERM RABBIT ANTITHYMOCYTE GLOBULIN AND DEOXYSPERGUALIN WITHOUT CHRONIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (1998)

320 Tolerance of pig islet xenografts without chronic immunosuppression is an attractive protocol for islet transplantation since allograft islets are in short supply and chronic immunosuppression induced morbidity and mortality is not an acceptable trade off for diabetic morbidity, especially in the juvenile age group when islet replacement should be performed ideally. In this study, 30 Lewis Rats (STZ diabetes) were transplanted with 2000 pig islet xenografts(PIX). All 30 animals had measured-total lymphoid irradiation with implanted quantitative radiosensors, splenectomy, a 3-day course of rabbit-antithymocyte globulin and deoxyspergualin (21 days at 2.5 mg/kg). The incidence of early graft loss was 0% and all pig islet xenografts survived 200 days or more. The mean pig islet xenograft survival, as determined by euglycemia and, differential radioimmunoassay (All animals had circulating Pig Insulin @ 300 days) was 302 +/- 42 days with euglycemia to 14 months in 23 animals. In addition, nephrectomy of the host to remove the functioning islet tissue produced a return of the diabetic state in 9 animals. This long term function and tolerance of pig islet xenograft was associated with minimal changes in T cell reactivity assayed by MLC and CML testing. In contrast, studies of anti donor CDC and ADCC showed a complete antibody block in long term function and tolerance in 10 animals (1:8 and 1:128) A separate Control group who rejected their PIX early had high levels of CDC and ADCC to donor (1:64 and 1:1024, p<0.05). The long term function and tolerance of PIX was associated closely with a block of anti-donor CDC and ADCC antibodies. The superior long term function and tolerance appears due to the unique immunosuppression which permits variations in the measured-total lymphoid irradiation to deliver uniform measured doses of TLI as well as short term effective anti-B cell suppression with splenectomy and rabbit-antithymocyte globulin-deoxyspergualin short-term treatment. Animals remained in a robust state of health presumably because they were off all drug immunosuppression for over 9 months. This suppressive regimen seems superior to all others we have tested because of the length of islet survival and the excellent health of the animal and suggests that Chronic Immunosuppression with Drugs is the major debilitating effect of multiple agent suppressive protocols.
pheno-seq – linking morphological features to gene expression in 3D cell culture systems (2018)

Abstract 3D-culture systems have advanced cancer modeling by reflecting physiological characteristics of in-vivo tissues, but our understanding of functional intratumor heterogeneity including visual phenotypes and underlying gene expression is still limited. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is the method of choice to dissect transcriptional tumor cell heterogeneity in an unbiased way, but this approach is limited in correlating gene expression with contextual cellular phenotypes. To link morphological features and gene expression in 3D-culture systems, we present ‘pheno-seq’ for integrated high-throughput imaging and transcriptomic profiling of clonal tumor spheroids. Specifically, we identify characteristic EMT expression signatures that are associated with invasive growth behavior in a 3D breast cancer model. Additionally, pheno-seq determined transcriptional programs containing lineage-specific markers that can be linked to heterogeneous proliferative capacity in a patient-derived 3D model of colorectal cancer. Finally, we provide evidence that pheno-seq identifies morphology-specific genes that are missed by scRNA-seq and inferred single-cell regulatory states without acquiring additional single cell expression profiles. We anticipate that directly linking molecular features with patho-phenotypes of cancer cells will improve the understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and consequently be useful for translational research.
Erythroid expression of the 'helix-loop-helix' gene, SCL. (1991)

The SCL gene encodes a member of the 'helix-loop-helix' family of DNA binding regulatory proteins. It is transcriptionally activated in some cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by a reciprocal translocation involving the T cell receptor delta locus. In order to gain insight into the normal functions of SCL we have studied SCL mRNA levels in human and murine haemopoietic cell lines and normal tissues. We have observed high levels of SCL mRNA in all human and murine erythroid cell lines examined. Foetal and adult normal haemopoietic cell populations rich in erythroid precursors also expressed high levels of SCL mRNA. Our results suggest a previously unexpected role for SCL in the regulation of erythropoiesis.
Circuit Implementation of Vernam Cipher-based Data Encryption Using Cellular Automata (2022)

Modern technology relies heavily on cryptography to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data. Cellular Automata (CA) can create high-quality pseudo random number sequences (PNSs) for Vernam cipher-based encryption technique. In this study, we have designed a reliable digital circuit capable of generating high-quality PNSs via CA, which is then employed in a Vernam cipher-based cryptography scheme. We have developed hardware description language (HDL) code which can be used to synthesize the circuit of the encryption scheme. In addition, we have designed an electronic circuit that can build a full CA utilizing only 8-bit multiplexers. Further components are added to the circuit for implementing the full cryptography scheme. The PNSs are generated through rule 30 and hybrid rule 90/150, where the latter provides a stronger secret key between the two. The simplicity of this circuit makes it possible to achieve high-quality encryption with highly efficient circuitry.
Analysis of the Density of Pleural Fluid Analogs by Computed Tomography (1984)

A noninvasive method for differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusions could make thoracentesis unnecessary in many cases. Since computed tomography (CT) can be used to measure tissue densities, it has a potential use in assessing density of intrathoracic fluid. This study was performed to test this possibility. Plastic syringes containing water, saline, and three saline-albumin solutions with densities up to 1.021 g/cc were scanned individually in air, in a chest phantom, and in a dog thorax during apnea. We found significant positive correlations between specific gravity and CT density; coefficients ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. Regression lines for the different test conditions were not statistically different. However, CT number variability, as indicated by the average standard deviation (SD), did differ for the test conditions: 1) Syringes alone, average SD was 3.8 HU; 2) chest phantom, average SD was 5.5 HU adjacent to rib and 5.8 HU anterior to vertebral column; 3) dog chest average SD was 19.2 HU with heart motion and 9.4 HU without heart motion. These results suggest that heart motion is a major factor in CT number variability in vivo, and that differentiation of transudates from exudates is not possible with current CT methods.
A CNS-Targeting Prodrug Strategy for Nuclear Receptor Modulators (2020)

Neurodegenerative diseases lack a breadth of treatment options due, in part, to the known difficulties associated with a drug’s passage across the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we provide a blueprint for how to get drug-like structures which feature carboxylic acid motifs across the blood-brain barrier, while attenuating their peripheral exposure using a chemical prodrug strategy. This prodrug strategy utilizes endogenous fatty-acid amide hydrolase expressed in the CNS to cleave and release parent drugs for CNS drug action to commence. In particular, we demonstrate the successes and limitations of this prodrug strategy within a series of nuclear receptor modulators, which have shown promise as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
Novel Sliding Mode Control for Ball Screw Servo System (2016)

This paper presents a novel sliding mode control to achieve a high positioning accuracy for ball screw servo system. A two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) model with time-varying parameter uncertainties and disturbance is firstly built to describe the first axial mode resonance for the ball screw servo system. A novel nonlinear sliding mode control is designed for the system with better transient response of fast response and non-overshoot. The stability of the nonlinear sliding-mode surface and controller are verified based on the Lyapunov function. The frequency response experiment result indicates that the system modelling is accurate enough and the simulation result shows that the tracking accuracy for ball screw servo system is improved with the proposed controller.
Nepheline Synthesized from Sodalite as Diesel-Soot Combustion Catalyst: Structure–Property Relationship Study for an Enhanced Water Tolerance (2012)

Abstract In this study, phase changes, catalytic active species that appeared at the phase change, and the corresponding water tolerance of samples obtained upon thermal treatment from K2CO3-supported microsized and nanosized sodalite as diesel-soot combustion catalyst are examined. We have shown the successful preparation of nepheline with water tolerance from sodalite as starting material. It is confirmed that the interaction between alkali metal carbonate and crystalline aluminosilicate is prerequisite for enhancing water tolerance of the catalytically active component, Na/K carbonate, located on the nepheline.
A universal dual band LNA implementation in SiGe technology for wireless applications (2001)

A dual band low-noise amplifier (LNA) with matched inputs and outputs, implemented in Infineon Technologies' B7HF SiGe process, is presented. Both the single-ended inputs and outputs are matched to 50 /spl Omega/ without external elements. For the low-band (800 MHz-1 GHz), the LNA has a measured gain of 17 dB and a noise figure below 1.2 dB at 900 MHz. The high-band (1.8-2 GHz) LNA achieves a gain of 15 dB and a noise figure below 1.5 dB at 1.9 GHz. Both LNAs consume 5 mA dc current with a power supply voltage range from 2.7-3.6 V.
ACSL3 regulates lipid droplet biogenesis and ferroptosis sensitivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2022)

ACSL3 regulates the accumulation of lipid droplets in ccRCC and is essential for tumor growth. In addition, ACSL3 also modulates ferroptosis sensitivity in a manner dependent on the composition of exogenous fatty acids. Both functions of ACSL3 could be exploited for ccRCC therapy.
Communication complexities of symmetric XOR functions (2009)

We call $F:\{0, 1\}^n\times \{0, 1\}^n\to\{0, 1\}$ a symmetric XOR function if for a function $S:\{0, 1, ..., n\}\to\{0, 1\}$, $F(x, y)=S(|x\oplus y|)$, for any $x, y\in\{0, 1\}^n$, where $|x\oplus y|$ is the Hamming weight of the bit-wise XOR of $x$ and $y$. We show that for any such function, (a) the deterministic communication complexity is always $\Theta(n)$ except for four simple functions that have a constant complexity, and (b) up to a polylog factor, both the error-bounded randomized complexity and quantum communication with entanglement complexity are $\Theta(r_0+r_1)$, where $r_0$ and $r_1$ are the minimum integers such that $r_0, r_1\leq n/2$ and $S(k)=S(k+2)$ for all $k\in[r_0, n-r_1)$.
Dynamic indentation on human skin in vivo: ageing effects (2008)

The device presented gives convincing results. The measurement of stiffness and damping complements the viscoelastic phenomenological parameters of the suction test.
A reference picture selection scheme for video transmission over ad-hoc networks using multiple paths (2001)

Enabling video transmission over ad-hoc networks is more challenging than over conventional mobile networks because a connection path in an ad-hoc network is highly error-prone and the path can go down frequently. On the other hand, it is possible to establish multiple paths between a source and a destination, which provides an extra degree of freedom in coding algorithm design. This paper presents a feedback-based reference picture selection scheme for video transmission over ad-hoc networks. Encoded video streams are transmitted over multiple paths and the reference frames for motion compensated prediction are selected according to the feedback information about the paths’ condition. Simulations under the two paths scenario have shown significant improvement over two standard techniques, layered coding and video redundancy coding, which do not use feedback. A novel statistical model for the ad-hoc multi-path environment is also proposed and used in our simulation of transmission loss.
Solitaire Flow-Restoration Device for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Safety and Recanalization Efficacy Study in a Swine Vessel Occlusion Model (2010)

The Solitaire Device showed good recanalization efficacy with acceptable safety. The unique stent-like design allows immediate flow restoration, a distinct advantage of the device. On the basis of this study, the device has good potential as a tool in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
Coupling characteristics between single-core fiber and multicore fiber (2006)

A simple method for coupling between a single-core single-mode fiber and a multicore single-mode fiber is proposed and demonstrated. An effective coupling approach is based on a process of standard splicing and tapering between the single-core single-mode fiber and the multicore single-mode fiber.
Hydration and reduction of carbon dioxide by rhodium hydride compounds. Preparation and reactions of rhodium bicarbonate and formate complexes, and the molecular structure of RhH2(O2COH)(P(i-Pr)3)2 (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydration and reduction of carbon dioxide by rhodium hydride compounds. Preparation and reactions of rhodium bicarbonate and formate complexes, and the molecular structure of RhH2(O2COH)(P(i-Pr)3)2T. Yoshida, David L. Thorn, T. Okano, James A. Ibers, and S. OtsukaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 15, 4212–4221Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00509a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00509a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views645Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
New Method of Producing Poly(vinyl Chloride) Flexible Foam (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Method of Producing Poly(vinyl Chloride) Flexible FoamK. M. Deal, D. C. Morris, and R. R. WatermanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1964, 3, 3, 209–213Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360011a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i360011a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ability of a First-Pass Pharmacokinetic Model to Characterize Cyclosporine Blood Concentrations After Administrations of Sandimmune or Neoral Formulations (1998)

Most recent cyclosporine (CsA) pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have focused on noncompartmental analysis. Because CsA undergoes significant first-pass elimination after oral dosing, the most appropriate compartment model may need to take this process into account for the construction of a valid population PK model for Sandimmune (SAN) and Neoral (NEO) formulations. Twenty patients with cardiac transplants were stabilized for at least 4 weeks on a certain dose of SAN, then changed to the same daily dose of NEO. Blood samples were obtained at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 hours after dosing at steady state. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using ADAPT II. Quality of fit was assessed by visual graph inspections, R2 values, and Akaike criterion test. Eight pharmacokinetic models were constructed and evaluated. These included one- and two-compartment with and without a first-pass effect and a time-lag. Neoral and SAN data were consistently best fitted using a two-compartment or the two-compartment first-pass model. However, a time-lag process was found to be necessary for SAN. The use of a two-compartment first-pass with (SAN) or without (NEO) a time-lag process appears to fit CsA concentrations at least as well as a two-compartment model. This first-pass model may be very useful for population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian control analysis.
Supplementary Figure 2 from <i>De Novo</i> Design of a Tumor-Penetrating Peptide (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 404K, iNGR does not bind to CD13+ monocytes&lt;/p&gt;
Opioid receptor–triggered spinal mTORC1 activation contributes to morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia (2014)

The development of opioid-induced analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia is a clinical challenge for managing chronic pain. Adaptive changes in protein translation in the nervous system are thought to promote opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia; however, how opioids drive such changes remains elusive. Here, we report that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which governs most protein translation, was activated in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons after repeated intrathecal morphine injections. Activation was triggered through μ opioid receptor and mediated by intracellular PI3K/Akt. Spinal mTOR inhibition blocked both induction and maintenance of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia, without affecting basal pain perception or locomotor functions. These effects were attributed to the attenuation of morphine-induced increases in translation initiation activity, nascent protein synthesis, and expression of some known key tolerance-associated proteins, including neuronal NOS (nNOS), in dorsal horn. Moreover, elevating spinal mTOR activity by knocking down the mTOR-negative regulator TSC2 reduced morphine analgesia, produced pain hypersensitivity, and increased spinal nNOS expression. Our findings implicate the μ opioid receptor-triggered PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in promoting morphine-induced spinal protein translation changes and associated morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. These data suggest that mTOR inhibitors could be explored for prevention and/or reduction of opioid tolerance in chronic pain management.
Individual 5FU-dose adaptation schedule using bimonthly pharmacokinetically modulated LV5FU2 regimen: a feasibility study in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. (1999)

This feasibility study established a 5FU-dose intensification optimal strategy within the bimonthly LV5FU2 schedule with a control for the risk of toxicity. This study constitutes the basis for a multicentre phase II trial to evaluate the importance of this approach in terms of efficacy and survival.