gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Autoimmune Arthritis (2018)

The most common autoimmune diseases that affect the joints are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The pathogeneses of both OA and RA are complex: in both diseases, initiation and progression are dependent on multiple joint structures, including cartilage, bone, and synovium. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are the most popular new strategy in tissue repair and regeneration, due to their multipotent differentiation abilities. In addition, MSC have therapeutic potential for bone and joint diseases through the secretion of a variety of immune modulatory substances and cell-to-cell interactions that lead to the antifibrotic, anti-apoptotic, proangiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties of the treatment. Research using MSC in various joint diseases has gained attention and impetus. A significant amount of data has shown the efficacy of MSC treatment in OA and RA, in both animal models and human trials: however, the results are often diverse and clinical benefit varies between trials. The identification of successful therapy requires further research and development, both at the basic biology and translational study levels. In this review, the authors aim to emphasise the role of MSC-based therapies in the development of treatment and to define the mechanisms involved, alongside outlining the knowledge of the therapeutic mechanisms and the applications of MSC in OA and RA.
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalopathy with testicular carcinoma: A reversible neurologic syndrome (1988)

Limbic encephalitis (encephalopathy) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome which rarely responds to antineoplastic therapy. The authors report the first case of limbic encephalopathy associated with testicular carcinoma and the first histologically confirmed encephalopathy which responded to antineoplastic therapy of the associated neoplasm. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of paraneoplastic encephalopathies are discussed along with the potential for reversal of the neurologic process with effective antitumor therapy.
Random access in Huffman-coded files (2003)

Presents a technique for building an index into a Huffman-coded file that permits efficient random access to the encoded data. The technique provides the ability to find the starting position of the jth symbol of the uncompressed file in an n-bit compressed file in O(log n) bit-examinations of the compressed file plus its index. Furthermore, the size of the index is o(n) bits. In other words, the ratio of the space occupied by the index to the space occupied by the data approaches zero as the length of the data file increases without bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in hydra : XVI. Effect of food on budding and developmental gradients in a mutant strain L4 (1985)

ABSTRACT Effect of food was examined on the budding rate and the developmental gradients of a mutant hydra strain L4. This mutant strain has very high levels of head-inhibition potential gradient along its body axis (Takano &amp; Sugiyama, 1983). It also has a reduced budding capacity when it is cultured using brine shrimp nauplii as food, but its budding capacity is significantly improved when a small amount of tubifex worm tissue is added to its diet of brine shrimp (Takano, 1984). To test whether or not this change of budding rate is correlated with the change in the levels of the head-activation or head-inhibition potential gradients, L4 animals were cultured on the diet of brine shrimp with or without addition of tubifex worm tissue and the budding rates and the gradient levels were examined in these animals. The results showed that food affected the budding rate in L4 without affecting its gradient levels. This suggests that the gradient levels and the budding rate in L4 are uncorrelated to each other, and that therefore the high levels of head-inhibition potential are not the cause for the low budding rate in this strain (cf., Takano &amp; Sugiyama, 1983).
Fatigue Performance of Semiconductor Strain Gauges in GFRP Laminate (2014)

Semiconductor strain gauges have good potential for embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Silicon mechanical and thermal properties are similar to glass fiber. In this paper the high cycle loading of specimens with embedded and surface mounted semiconductor strain gauges is conducted. The base material is glass fiber laminate. Two different matrixes are used: polyester and epoxy resins. Hygrothermal loading is introduced to weaken the sensor-matrix interface and to imitate real application conditions.
Echocardiographic reference values for aortic root size: The Framingham Heart Study (1995)

The objectives of this study were to develop sex-, age-, and body size-specific nomograms and partition values for upper and lower limits of M-mode echocardiographic aortic root measurements derived from a large population-based cohort. The study sample consisted of 1433 male and 1816 female participants in the Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study who were normotensive and free of clinically apparent heart disease at the baseline examination. Aortic root measurements were obtained by M-mode echocardiography by a leading-edge to leading-edge technique. The relations of age and measures of body size with aortic root dimensions were evaluated with sex-specific correlations and multiple stepwise linear regression analyses. Age was the most important determinant of aortic root size in both men and women in the multivariable regression models. Models with age and body surface area yielded R2 values of 0.214 in men and 0.222 in women. Models with age and height yielded lower R2 values of 0.136 in men and 0.181 in women. Thus aortic root dimensions vary widely with the age, sex, and body size of individuals. Sex-specific reference nomograms of aortic root dimensions in relation to age and body size (body surface area or height) are presented to facilitate the detection of abnormalities of aortic root size.
A Case-Control Study of BCG and Childhood Tuberculosis in Cali, Colombia (1985)

We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Cali, Colombia. We ascertained 178 cases aged 0 to 14 years from the respiratory clinics with cough or fever for at least three weeks and a positive chest X-ray for TB, as well as 320 controls who were from the same households but had no symptoms and negative X-rays. Using matched set multiple logistic regression analysis, we found the age- and sex-adjusted relative risk (RR) of TB among vaccinees compared with non-vaccinees to be 0.84 with 95% confidence limits (CL) from 0.43 to 1.62. There was, however, a significantly lowered relative risk of TB with increasing time since vaccination (RR = 0.83 per year since time of vaccination with 95% CL from 0.74 to 0.94.)
A Miniaturized Extruder to Prototype Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Selection of Plasticizers for Hot Melt Extrusion (2018)

Hot-melt extrusion is an option to fabricate amorphous solid dispersions and to enhance oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. The selection of suitable polymer carriers and processing aids determines the dissolution, homogeneity and stability performance of this solid dosage form. A miniaturized extrusion device (MinEx) was developed and Hypromellose acetate succinate type L (HPMCAS-L) based extrudates containing the model drugs neurokinin-1 (NK1) and cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) were manufactured, plasticizers were added and their impact on dissolution and solid-state properties were assessed. Similar mixtures were manufactured with a lab-scale extruder, for face to face comparison. The properties of MinEx extrudates widely translated to those manufactured with a lab-scale extruder. Plasticizers, Polyethyleneglycol 4000 (PEG4000) and Poloxamer 188, were homogenously distributed but decreased the storage stability of the extrudates. Stearic acid was found condensed in ultrathin nanoplatelets which did not impact the storage stability of the system. Depending on their distribution and physicochemical properties, plasticizers can modulate storage stability and dissolution performance of extrudates. MinEx is a valuable prototyping-screening method and enables rational selection of plasticizers in a time and material sparing manner. In eight out of eight cases the properties of the extrudates translated to products manufactured in lab-scale extrusion trials.
A vacuum tube vee-trough collector for solar heating and air conditioning applications (1978)

An analysis is conducted of the performance of a vee-trough vacuum tube collector proposed for use in solar heating and cooling applications. The vee-trough reflector is a triangular sectioned, flat surfaced reflector, whose axis is laid in the East-West direction. A vacuum tube receiver placed at the bottom of the vee-trough collects solar heat most efficiently since convection is completely eliminated. Radiation losses are reduced by use of selective coatings on the absorber. Owing to its high temperature capabilities (300-400 F), the proposed scheme could also be used for power generation applications in combination with an organic Rankine conversion system. It is especially recommended for unattended pumping stations since the reflectors only require reversal once every six months.
Fluorescent Sensors for Transition Metals Based on Electron‐Transfer and Energy‐Transfer Mechanisms (1996)

Abstract Fluorescent sensors for 3d divalent metal ions have been designed by means of a supramolecular approach: an anthracene fragment (the signalling subunit) has been linked to either a cyclic or a noncyclic quadridentate ligand (the receptor). Occurrence of the metal‐receptor interaction is signalled through the quenching of anthracene fluorescence. When the receptor (i.e., the dioxotetramine subunit of sensors 2 and 3 ) is able to promote the one‐electron oxidation of the metal, quenching takes place through a photoinduced metal‐to‐fluorophore electron‐transfer mechanism. In the case of sensors containing a tetraamine binding subunit ( 4 and 5 ), quenching proceeds by an energy‐transfer process. Selective metal binding and recognition can be achieved by varying the pH, and metal ions can be distinguished (e.g., Cu II from Ni II ) by spectrofluorimetric titration experiments in buffered solutions. Whereas systems 2, 3 and 5 show reversible metal binding behaviour, the cyclam ‐containing system 4 irreversibly incorporates transition metals (due to the kinetic macrocyclic effect ) and cannot work properly as a sensor.
Temporal efficacy of antimicrobials against aerobic bacteria isolated from equine endometritis: an Italian retrospective analysis (2010–2017) (2019)

This study aimed to describe bacteria isolated from the reproductive tract of mares and to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to those antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of equine endometritis. A total of 4122 equine uterine swabs were collected from mares suffering from reproductive tract disorders in the period 2010-2017. Aerobic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using agar disc diffusion were performed on each sample. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 3171 of 4122 (76.9 per cent) samples. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (885/3171, 27.9 per cent) and <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subspecies <i>zooepidemicus</i> (791/3171, 24.9 per cent), confirming previous findings from the literature. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of <i>E coli</i>, <i>S equi</i> subspecies <i>zooepidemicus</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> changed over time. A statistically significant decrease in antimicrobial efficacy of cefquinome against <i>E coli</i> was observed over the years, as well as of ampicillin, cefquinome and penicillin against <i>S equi</i> subspecies <i>zooepidemicus</i> The high frequency of resistant bacteria isolated in the present work proceeds in the same way as indicated by surveillance data on the huge antibiotic use in Italy. As a result, testing and monitoring programmes of antimicrobial efficacy are crucial to consciously using antibiotics and preserving their effectiveness both for veterinary and human medicine.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Octahydropyranopyrrole‐Based Inhibitors of Mammalian Ribonucleotide Reductase. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced Endogenous Ornithine Concentrations Protect Against Tonic Seizures and Coma in Acute Ammonia Intoxication (1993)

Pretreatment of mice with 5-fluoromethylornithine (5FMOrn), a selective inactivator of ornithine aminotransferase, diminishes the accumulation of ammonia in the brain after administration of ammonium acetate, and antagonizes ammonia-induced fatal tonic extensor convulsions. In about 50% of the treated animals the loss of the righting reflex and coma is prevented. Presumably these effects are based on the enhancement of urea formation by the increased liver ornithine concentrations. However, since brain ornithine concentrations are greatly enhanced by 5FMOrn, it is not excluded that ornithine has direct effects on cellular events involved in ammonia-induced seizure generation, even though 5FMOrn had no anticonvulsant properties in a series of established animal seizure models, including N-methyl-D,L-aspartate-induced convulsions. NMDA receptor antagonists are capable of preventing death, but do not protect against the generation of coma and tonic extensor convulsions in ammonium acetate intoxicated mice. Since no evidence was found for ammonia-induced glutamate release from rat hippocampus, there is no convincing evidence for the idea that the tonic convulsions are mediated by NMDA receptors. L-Methionine-D, L-sulfoximine (MSO)-induced seizures can be partially antagonized by pretreatment with 5FMOrn. However, the effect is considerably smaller than against ammonia-induced convulsions, although at the time of seizure onset brain ammonia levels of MSO-intoxicated mice were lower than in the animals receiving ammonium acetate. This suggests that MSO-convulsions are not entirely due to the elevation of brain ammonia concentrations, even though MSO administration mimics effects of ammonia on cortical inhibitory neuronal interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Foraging success of juvenile pike Esox lucius depends on visual conditions and prey pigmentation (2011)

Young-of-the-year pike Esox lucius foraging on copepods experienced different foraging success depending on prey pigmentation in water visually degraded by brown colouration or algae. Both attack rate and prey consumption rate were higher for E. lucius foraging on transparent prey in brown water, whereas the opposite was true in algal turbid water. Pigments in copepod prey may have a cryptic function in brown water instead of a photo-protective function even if prey-size selectivity was stronger than selection based on pigmentation in juvenile E. lucius.
Differential effects of Kid toxin on two modes of replication of lambdoid plasmids suggest that this toxin acts before, but not after, the assembly of the replication complex (2002)

Kid is a small protein that is encoded by plasmid R1. It is a toxin that belongs to a killer system that ensures the stability of the plasmid in host cells. The results of previous studies have suggested that Kid is an inhibitor of DNA replication, possibly acting at the onset of initiation. Here, the authors tested the effects of Kid on orilambda-intitiated and oriJ-initiated replication, which may be driven by both the newly assembled replication complex and the heritable complex. It was found that Kid inhibits only replication that is driven by the newly assembled replication complex. The authors also report that Kid inhibits ColE1-like plasmid replication in vivo, in agreement with the previously reported inhibition of ColE1 during in vitro replication. It is proposed that the Kid toxin acts at the level of replication either by preventing de novo assembly of the replication complex or by impairing the functional interactions of the replication complex at the initiation stage.
Investigations of earth termination systems with respect to optimised step voltages (2012)

This contribution discusses various methods for controlling step voltages around structures equipped with lightning protection systems. Several approaches on step voltage safety limits are given and a proposed limit is derived thereof. Different configurations of earth termination systems are investigated with the help of FEM simulations. From the results guidelines for the design of earth termination systems are derived.
Science policy and the law: reproductive and therapeutic cloning. (2004)

This paper highlights some of the limitations of the law’s current role in shaping American bioethics and science policy, and explores the ways in which the law can help shape science policy to facilitate the anticipation of scientific developments. The law can help ensure that science policy both incorporates, and remains informed by, ethical debates. Recent legislative responses to reproductive and therapeutic cloning in the United States provide illustrative case studies and raise the following questions:
Thermal, mechanical, and morphological analyses of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer blends (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal, mechanical, and morphological analyses of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer blendsP. S. Tucker, J. W. Barlow, and D. R. PaulCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 6, 1678–1685Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00184a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00184a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views515Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anaerobic bioprocessing of low rank coals (1991)

The overall goal of this project is to find biological methods to remove carboxylic functionalities from low rank coals under ambient conditions and to assess the properties of these modified coals towards coal liquefaction. The main objectives for this quarter were: (1) enrichment of anaerobic microbial consortia in a coal fed chemostat, (2) characterization of biocoal products and examination of liquefaction potential, (3) isolation of decarboxylating organisms and evaluation of the isolated organisms for decarboxylation. The project began on September 12, 1990. 3 figs., 7 tabs.
Identification and characterization of the binding sequences and target genes of p53 lacking the 1st transactivation domain (2019)

The tumor suppressor gene p53 encodes a transcriptional activator that has two transactivation domains (TAD) located in its amino terminus. These two TAD can transactivate genes independently, and at least one TAD is required for p53 transactivation function. The 1st TAD (a.a. 1-40) is essential for the induction of numerous classical p53 target genes, while the second TAD (a.a. 41-61) suffices for tumor suppression, although its precise molecular function remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively identified the sites to which p53 lacking the 1st TAD (Δ1stTAD-p53) binds, as well as its potential target genes. We found that the binding sequences for Δ1stTAD-p53 are divergent and include not only the canonical p53 consensus binding sequences but also sequences similar to those recognized by a number of other known transcription factors. We identified and analyzed the functions of three Δ1stTAD-p53 target genes, PTP4A1, PLK2 and RPS27L. All three genes were induced by both full-length p53 and Δ1stTAD-p53, and were dependent on the transactivation activity of the 2nd TAD. We also found that two of these, PTP4A1 and PLK2, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible genes. We found that upon ER stress, PTP4A1 suppresses apoptosis while PLK2 induces apoptosis. These results reveal a novel Δ1stTAD-p53 downstream pathway that is dependent on the transcription activation activity of the 2nd TAD.
Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin (SITA)-Based Dual and Triple Combination Therapy in Older Chinese People with T2D (2018)

Despite increasing prevalence of T2D in older Chinese people, no studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitor-based combination therapy in this population. In the STRATEGY Study (a multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, open-label clinical trial in Chinese people with T2D), patients were treated for 20 weeks with a combination of SITA and metformin (MET) (Phase 1). Those with A1C ≥7.0% and ≤10.0% at Week 16 were randomly assigned at Week 20 to 1 of 4 additional AHAs and continued treatment for another 24 weeks (Phase 2). Here we report efficacy and safety in the 681 patients aged ≥65 year. At baseline, the mean age, duration of diabetes, BMI and A1C of the analysis population were 68.4 year, 7.5 year, 25 kg/m2 and 7.7%, respectively; ≈half were male. Changes in A1C are shown in the Table. Achievement of A1C goal of &amp;lt;7% was observed in 44.9% (305/680) during Phase 1, and 65.4% (445/680) during Phases 1 + 2. Through Week 20/n=681 and Week 44/n=269, the incidences of any adverse events (AEs) were 30% and 31%, of drug-related AEs were 4% and 5%, and of serious AEs were 2% and 3%, respectively. Hypoglycemia incidences were highest with glimepiride and gliclazide (Table); no severe hypoglycemia was reported. In older Chinese people, dual and triple combination therapy based on SITA and MET provided clinically meaningful improvement in glycemic control and was generally well tolerated.Phase 1 (Baseline through Week 20)Baseline A1C, mean ± SD, %Change from baseline A1C at Week 16, %Hypoglycemia, % (n/N) (APaT Population)SITA + MET, N = 6267.94 ± 0.78-0.81 ± 0.824.3% (29/681)Phase 2 (Weeks 20 through 44)Week 20 A1C, mean ± SD, %Change from Week 20 A1C at Week 44, %Hypoglycemia, % (n/n) (APaT Population)SITA + MET + glimepiride, n = 637.62 ± 0.82-0.73 ± 0.879.6% (7/73)SITA + MET + gliclazide, n = 697.68 ± 0.76-0.65 ± 0.7710.5% (8/76)SITA + MET + repaglinide, n = 477.69 ± 0.70-0.54 ± 0.785.9% (3/51)SITA + MET + acarbose, n = 647.59 ± 0.69-0.46 ± 0.731.5% (1/69) Disclosure X. Liu: None. L. Wang: None. Y. Xing: None. S.S. Engel: Employee; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. G. Chen: Employee; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp.. Y. Zhang: None. R. Zhang: Employee; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp.. S. Liu: None. J. Weng: None. Q. Ji: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Merck &amp; Co., Inc..