gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alignment and overlay metrology issues for copper/low-K dual-damascene interconnect (1999)

The alignment and overlay metrology issues for various damascene process architectures were studied and optimized. The Buried Hard Mask, Via First and Trench First approaches are studied comparatively for the Via to Metal1 and Metal2 to Via alignments. Alignment capability was studied by the alignment signal strength and alignment repeatability. Overlay metrology capability was studied by the overlay target appearance, static repeatability, target correlation and Tool Induced Shift. Final overlay measurement and long term overlay stability were used as a mean to verify the result. A Design of Experiment was done with splits in the hard mask material/thickness and the degree of copper CMP. It was found that for Metal2 alignment to Via, the Buried Hard Mask approach possess a showstopper unless one align Metal2 to Metal1 instead. The effect of CMP to the alignment to Metal1 level seems to have less trouble than the Tungsten CMP counterpart except the overlay target acquisition might be difficult for underpolish case. The choice of which damascene approach to take depends also on the trade off between overlay and CD control and other process performance and should be customized by individual's requirement.
Use of Home Enteral Nutrition in Malnourished Post‐Bariatric Surgery Patients (2020)

HEN is safe and effective in treating malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies that might occur as a complication of bariatric surgery, leading to avoidance of parenteral nutrition support in most cases.
Large-scale analysis of imprinting in naive human pluripotent stem cells reveals recurrent aberrations and a potential link to FGF signaling (2021)

Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin dependent monoallelic expression of genes. Previous studies showed that conversion of primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into naive pluripotency is accompanied by genome-wide loss of methylation that includes imprinted loci. However, the extent of aberrant biallelic expression of imprinted genes is still unknown. Here, we analyze loss of imprinting (LOI) in a large cohort of both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing samples of naive and primed hPSCs. We show that naive hPSCs exhibit high levels of non-random LOI, with bias toward paternally methylated imprinting control regions. Importantly, we show that different protocols used for the primed to naive conversion led to different extents of LOI, tightly correlated to FGF signaling. This analysis sheds light on the process of LOI occurring during the conversion to naive pluripotency and highlights the importance of these events when modeling disease and development or when utilizing the cells for therapy.
Renal Complications in Patients with Renal Infarction: Prevalence and Risk Factors (2016)

Physicians should pay attention to the development of AKI and CKD after renal infarction and follow patients over a long term.
Comparison of laboratory and clinical wear rates of resin composites. (2004)

Localized wear from laboratory simulation may be a useful predictor of localized clinical wear and also clinical generalized wear using a conversion factor.
Two-dimensional interferometric and synthetic aperture imaging with a hybrid terahertz/ millimeter wave system (2010)

We have developed an interferometric synthetic aperture incoherent imaging system at 94 GHz, in which a high-power electronic millimeter wave source (Gunn Oscillator) is integrated with a continuous-wave terahertz (THz) photomixing detection system to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. Imaging of a point source located 10?m away from the detector array is presented. Two-dimensional THz reflective images of an extended object with different shapes are reconstructed with only four detectors by use of rotational synthesis.
Key Factors in the Transition to IHCOs (1996)

GAIL WARDEN, FACHE, is President and Chief Executive Officer, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.
Preparation and Characteristic of PPy/SF Conductive Composites (2009)

Under common atmosphere pressure, the conductive composites of PPy/SF were prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole onto silk fibroin fibres (fabrics).The composite materials have good conductivity and durability.Their surface-resistance can reach as low as 103 Ω/cm.The composite fabrics enhance the surface hydrophobicity and show the fairly wide good performance of shielding ultraviolet radiation. The crystallinity of composite fibres are almost the same as those of base SF fibres,but the orientation degree and mechanical properities of composite fibres decrease.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Phenyl‐1,4‐thiaphosphorinane and Its Selenide. (1987)

Abstract The photoreaction of phenylphosphine with divinyl sulfide gives the thiaphosphorinane (III) which is quantitatively transformed into its selenide.
Intrahippocampal injection of a lentiviral vector expressing Nrf2 improves spatial learning in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) postulates that amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition and neurotoxicity play a causative role in AD; oxidative injury is thought to be central in the pathogenesis. An endogenous defense system against oxidative stress is induced by binding of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the antioxidant response element (ARE) enhancer sequence. The Nrf2-ARE pathway is activated in response to reactive oxygen species to trigger the simultaneous expression of numerous protective enzymes and scavengers. To exploit the Nrf2-ARE pathway therapeutically, we delivered Nrf2 bilaterally into the hippocampus of 9-month-old transgenic AD mice (APP/PS1 mice) using a lentiviral vector encoding human Nrf2. The data indicate that significant reductions in spatial learning deficits of aged APP/PS1 mice in a Morris Water Maze can be achieved by modulating levels of Nrf2 in the brain. Memory improvement in APP/PS1 mice after Nrf2 transduction shifts the balance between soluble and insoluble Abeta toward an insoluble Abeta pool without concomitant change in total brain Abeta burden. Nrf2 gene transfer is associated with a robust reduction in astrocytic but not microglial activation and induction of Nrf2 target gene heme oxygenase 1, indicating overall activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in hippocampal neurons 6 months after injection. Results warrant further exploration of the Nrf2-ARE pathway for treatment of AD and suggest that the Nrf2-ARE pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to pursue in AD in humans, particularly in view of the multiple mechanisms by which Nrf2 can exert its protective effects.
Trimethyl Lock: A Multifunctional Molecular Tool for Drug Delivery, Cellular Imaging, and Stimuli‐Responsive Materials (2018)

Trimethyl lock (TML) systems are based on ortho-hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid derivatives displaying increased lactonization reactivity owing to unfavorable steric interactions of three pendant methyl groups, and this leads to the formation of hydrocoumarins. Protection of the phenolic hydroxy function or masking of the reactivity as benzoquinone derivatives prevents lactonization and provides a trigger for controlled release of molecules attached to the carboxylic acid function through amides, esters, or thioesters. Their easy synthesis and possible chemical adaption to several different triggers make TML a highly versatile module for the development of drug-delivery systems, prodrug approaches, cell-imaging tools, molecular tools for supramolecular chemistry, as well as smart stimuliresponsive materials.
Basal plane dislocation reduction in 4H-SiC epitaxy by growth interruptions (2009)

The paths of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) through 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown on wafers with an 8° offcut were tracked using ultraviolet photoluminescence imaging. The reduction of BPDs by conversion to threading edge dislocations was investigated at ex situ and in situ growth interrupts. For ex situ interrupts, BPDs are imaged after each of several growths. The wafer remains in the reactor for in situ interrupts and BPDs are imaged after the growth is finished. For in situ interrupts, a combination of temperature, propane flow, and duration has been determined, which achieve a BPD reduction of 98%.
Investigation of anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2019)

These results indicate that GABA abnormalities within the anterior cingulate cortex contribute to the pathophysiology of OCD. The results fail to provide evidence that glutamate abnormalities alone are involved in adult OCD. Yet, it seems that a disruption in the balance between glutamate and GABA neurotransmission may have a particularly important role to play in OCD pathophysiology.
Organization and implementation of an oral cholera vaccination campaign in an endemic urban setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2019)

Bangladesh has historically been cholera endemic, with seasonal cholera outbreaks occurring each year. In collaboration with the government of Bangladesh, the Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) initiated operational research to test strategies to reach the high-risk urban population with an affordable oral cholera vaccine (OCV) "ShancholTM" and examine its effectiveness in reducing diarrhea due to cholera. Here we report a sub-analysis focusing on the organization, implementation and effectiveness of different oral cholera vaccine delivery strategies in the endemic urban setting in Bangladesh. We described how the vaccination program was planned, prepared and implemented using different strategies to deliver oral cholera vaccine to a high-risk urban population in Dhaka, Bangladesh based on administrative data and observations made during the program. The objective of this study is to evaluate the organization, implementation and effectiveness of different oral cholera vaccine delivery strategies in the endemic urban setting in Bangladesh. OCV administration by trained local volunteers through outreach sites and mop-up activities yielded high coverage of 82% and 72% of 172,754 targeted individuals for the first and second dose respectively, using national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) campaign mechanisms without disrupting routine immunization activities. The cost of delivery was low. Safety and cold chain requirements were adequately managed. The adopted strategies were technically and programmatically feasible. Current evidence on implementation strategies in different settings together with available OCV stockpiles should encourage at-risk countries to use OCV along with other preventive and control measures.
High-average power high-harmonic and attosecond sources: Status and prospects (2016)

Experiments employing extreme ultraviolet sources based on high harmonic generation often suffer from photon flux limitations. We discuss current status and prospects for scaling such sources to higher repetition rate, pulse energy and average power.
Photon Entropy Control and Near-Field Radiative Coupling Improve Efficiency of Thermoradiative Cells (2016)

Efficiency of thermoradiative cells can be increased by spectrally selecting high-entropy long-wavelength infrared photons for radiative energy exchange. Furthermore, near-field coupling to phonon polaritons in the heat sink increases both conversion efficiency and power density.
Reduced Scale Simulations of Boiling Water Reactor Pool Swell: Some Limitations to the Scaling Laws (1980)

Several potential sources of misscaling in reduced scale experimental tests have been systematically investigated. Increases in the enthalpy in-flux during pool swell increase resultant uploads; slight boundary flexibility due to small air bubbles attached to the pool walls or true fluid structure interaction can increase peak pool boundary loads; the presence of water vapor in the wetwell airspace can either increase or decrease pool swell uploads, depending on the vapor fraction initially present.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Phase Combinatorial Chemistry. Purine‐ and Pyrimidine‐Based Libraries with Antibacterial Activity via Solution Phase Simultaneous Addition of Functionalities (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
G-networks by triggered customer movement (1993)

The generalized queueing networks (G-networks) which we introduce in this paper contain customers and signals. Both customers and signals can be exogenous, or can be obtained by a Markovian movement of a customer from one queue to another after service transforming itself into a signal or remaining a customer. A signal entering a queue forces a customer to move instantaneously to another queue according to a Markovian routing rule, or to leave the network, while customers request service. This synchronised or triggered motion is useful in representing the effect of tokens in Petri nets, in modelling systems in which customers and work can be instantaneously moved from one queue to the other upon certain events, and also for certain behaviours encountered in parallel computer system modelling. We show that this new class of network has product-form stationary solution, and establish the non-linear customer flow equations which govern it. Network stability is discussed in this new context.
A multi-resolution based approach for handwriting segmentation in gray-scale images (2002)

We present a new method to segment visual handwritten data in gray-scale images. In handwriting recognition, visual shapes are very important in improving the system's performance. We introduce a robust method for extracting visual shapes of handwritten data from a noisy background. We adopted a multi-resolution Marr-Hildreth (1980) based approach to correctly segment visual data in variable contrasted images. Encouraging results have been obtained on real data, from the CEDAR database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Virtual and real-world implementation of deep-learning-based image denoising model on projection domain in digital tomosynthesis and cone-beam computed tomography data (2022)

Reducing the radiation dose will cause severe image noise and artifacts, and degradation of image quality will also affect the accuracy of diagnosis. To find a solution, we comprise a 2D and 3D concatenating convolutional encoder-decoder (CCE-3D) and the structural sensitive loss (SSL), via transfer learning (TL) denoising in the projection domain for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), radiography, and tomosynthesis. The simulation and real-world practicing results show that many of the figures-of-merit (FOMs) increase in both projections (2-3 times) and CT imaging (1.5-2 times). From the PSNR and structural similarity index of measurement (SSIM), the CCE-3D model is effective in denoising but keeps the shape of the structure. Hence, we have developed a denoising model that can be served as a promising tool to be implemented in the next generation of x-ray radiography, tomosynthesis, and LDCT systems.
Stereotactic Body Radiation and Interleukin-12 Combination Therapy Eradicates Pancreatic Tumors by Repolarizing the Immune Microenvironment (2019)

Over 80% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients are diagnosed with non-resectable late-stage disease that lacks effective neoadjuvant therapies. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has shown promise as an emerging neoadjuvant approach for treating PDA, and here, we report that its combination with local interleukin-12 (IL-12) microsphere (MS) immunotherapy results in marked tumor reduction and cures in multiple preclinical mouse models of PDA. Our findings demonstrate an increase of intratumoral interferon gamma (IFNγ) production following SBRT/IL-12 MS administration that initiates suppressor cell reprogramming and a subsequent increase in CD8 T cell activation. Furthermore, SBRT/IL-12 MS therapy results in the generation of systemic tumor immunity that is capable of eliminating established liver metastases, providing a rationale for follow-up studies in advanced metastatic disease.
Information Management for Release-based Software Evolution Using EMMA (1998)

This paper describes EMMA (Evolution-Memory Management Assistant), a tool to provide collaborative support for the release-based Evolutionary Delivery Model [4] of system development. Evolution information in EMMA is organized around four interrelated concepts: (1) properties, (2) assumptions, (3) solutions, and (4) change events. This information provides context to relate development decisions to higher-level purposes and to the assumptions under which decisions are made. By managing information about design decisions and directions for change, EMMA helps project managers to understand the issues involved and to be proactive in planning for system evolution. 1 The EMMA Metamodel for System Evolution EMMA, an Evolution-Memory Management Assistant, is a collaborative information management tool being developed by CoGenTex, Inc. under the sponsorship of the Evolutionary Development of Complex Software (EDCS) program to address the needs of managers and developers when developing and maintaining complex, evolvable systems. (As described in [8], the costs of maintenance can be much, much more than the cost of initial system development. However, relatively little tool support exists for this crucial activity.) EMMA supports the process of exploring, choosing among, and implementing alternative solutions by aiding in the acquisition and management of the information that needs to be shared among the project participants. 1.1 Goals and Solutions The organizing principle behind EMMA’s metamodel for system development is that to reason about system evolution, it is necessary to understand in detail the goal for a system and the solution constructed to address those goals. A goal for us is the list of desired properties that the system should have, together with the context (assumptions, definitions, resources and constraints) under which the system is to be developed. 1 Rome Laboratory Contract F30602-96-C-0220 A solution in the EMMA metamodel is an approach to satisfying some goal by either explicitly providing a reference to an actual implementation, or by partitioning system responsibilities among system elements, each of which is a solution for a simpler goal. For example, a solution for building a complex system might involve partitioning the system into user interface, data structures, and algorithms, each of which will be a solution with its own requirements to fulfill. In this way, complex high-level solutions are decomposed into simpler, more specific low-level solutions. Then higher-level solutions are constructed by composing low-level solutions. The collection of goals, solutions, subsolutions and their associated system elements will be referred to as a
A Fully Automated Method for the Determination of Serum Belatacept and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Investigation in Renal Transplant Recipients (2018)

We have developed an automated, accurate, and precise assay for the determination of belatacept serum concentrations. The assay was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study in renal transplant recipients receiving belatacept infusions.
Gamma-ray burster counterparts - Infrared (1987)

The discovery of an IR counterpart to a gamma-ray burster (GRB) would be a big step forward in understanding this enigmatic phenomenon. A program of searching for IR emission from the smallest GRB source regions has been initiated. Seven boxes have been searched with ground-based telescopes at a wavelength of 2.2 microns and 23 with the IRAS data base at wavelengths of 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns. No convincing candidates were identified. The most constraining result are for two error boxes where the K-band magnitude are found to be fainter than 19.03. This observation is compared with the flux predicted from either a companion star or an accretion disk. The new IR observations pose serious difficulties for several GRB models.
Two different genes from Schwanniomyces occidentalis determine ribosomal resistance to cycloheximide (1993)

Two genes (SCR1 and SCR2) encoding natural cycloheximide resistance in the budding yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis have been cloned by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both genes determine resistance to the inhibitory action of cycloheximide on the ribosome, SCR1 and SCR2 are present as single copies in Schwanniomyces occidentalis, where they map on chromosomes II and V, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of SCR2 contains an open reading frame of 321 nucleotides which is interrupted by an intron of 452 nucleotides. It encodes a polypeptide of 106 amino acids of molecular mass 12.25 kDa and pI 11.19. The deduced amino acid sequence shows a high degree of similarity to the L41 protein of the 60S ribosomal subunit from several eukaryotic organisms. The intron and the 5' non-coding region of SCR2 possess conserved elements which are typical of yeast ribosomal protein genes. A single amino acid change determines the resistance or sensitive phenotype to cycloheximide of the 80S ribosome since replacement of Gln56 in L41 from Schwanniomyces with Pro, by site-directed mutagenesis, confers cycloheximide sensitivity. SCR2 may serve as a practical yeast cloning marker if integrated in a multicopy plasmid.
A combination of static and stroke gesture with speech for multimodal interaction in a virtual environment (2015)

The computers nowadays are powerful enough to make the virtual reality technology more practical. Virtual reality is expected to have a bright future due to the rise of several virtual reality head mounted device such as low cost Google Cardboard, Samsung Gear VR, Oculus, HTC Vive and many others. Since virtual reality had been growing fast in this few years thus it is necessary to explore new approaches for user to interact with the virtual reality more naturally. It is an important research in HCI to make the interactions with computers to be as natural as the interaction between humans. One of the approaches is to allow user to interact with the virtual reality through gesture and speech input. This paper presents a virtual reality environment with multimodal interaction technique. It allows user to interact with the virtual reality system with the static and stroke hand gesture along with speech. This multimodal interaction technique is able to perform few functions such as select, move, scale, rotate, copy, mirror, delete, check the shape, check and change the colour of an object.