gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on CD4 lymphocyte subset activation (1999)

The pathogenesis of the decline of CD4 lymphocyte counts accompanying the typical course of HIV-1 infection is not completely defined and might be related to a differential susceptibility of naive and memory cells to HIV-1 exposure. Here, we examined the effects induced by heat-inactivated HIV-1 virions on these lymphocyte populations. Exposure of CD45RA naive T cells to inactivated viral particles induced a marked decrease of both mitogenic responses and activation-induced apoptosis. Conversely, the growth of CD45RO cells was less severely restrained. Analysis of intracellular levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins revealed an arrest at the G1/S restriction point of the naive but not memory subset. This effect was associated with alterations in phosphotyrosine profile and with a marked decrease of ERK and NJK kinase activation. Finally, up-regulation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activity induced by mitogens was not affected by virus. Altogether, these findings show that interaction of HIV-1 with the T cell surface is sufficient to inhibit the proliferative response of the CD4CD45RA subset by disturbing proximal TCR signaling. This mechanism would affect renewal of naive lymphocytes, contributing in such a way to the impairment of T cell turnover during the course of HIV-1 infection.
Supplementary Legends for Figures 1-4 from The HIF-1–Inducible Lysyl Oxidase Activates HIF-1 via the Akt Pathway in a Positive Regulation Loop and Synergizes with HIF-1 in Promoting Tumor Cell Growth (2023)

Supplementary Legends for Figures 1-4 from The HIF-1–Inducible Lysyl Oxidase Activates HIF-1 via the Akt Pathway in a Positive Regulation Loop and Synergizes with HIF-1 in Promoting Tumor Cell Growth
Low-Cost System for Real-Time Monitoring of Luciferase Gene Expression (1997)

In some mammalian cells transfected with luciferase reporter genes, the luciferase/luciferin reaction in a cell monolayer produces a very small light flux. While the low light levels are often measurable with single-photon counting cameras, these devices are expensive and may require long averaging times to acquire an image. We describe an approach for real-time monitoring of light produced by luciferase gene expression in intact, cultured cells using readily available and relatively inexpensive components. The system uses a single-photon counting photomultiplier tube with built-in high voltage supply and photon counting circuitry to rapidly measure average light output from growing cells in a 35 mm culture dish. The fast, accurate and highly sensitive response of the system makes it useful for studying the dynamics of gene expression over time periods ranging from minutes to days.
Hollow NiCo2O4Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning as an Effective Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2019)

Many achievements have been obtained for the lithium-sulfur battery by using various superior host materials for the element sulfur. However, the sulfur loading in the previous works is under 2 mg cm-2. As we all know, the high energy density could be improved only when the sulfur loading exceeds 3 mg cm-2. Therefore, it is urgent for the researchers to develop high-loading sulfur electrode materials for the lithium-sulfur batteries. In our work, the hollow NiCo2O4 nanofibers are prepared and used host materials for the sulfur. The sulfur loading of the as-prepared S/NiCo2O4 electrode is 4 mg cm-2 with superior cycle stability.
Silicon-based thermogenerator for wide temperature range applications embedded using metal-spray-deposition (2013)

A new silicon based thermogenerator with a reduced parasitic contact resistivity and respectively a broad working range from 250°K up to 1000°K is presented. The reduction of the contact resistivity was achieved due to changes in the contact pads geometry including implementation of three-dimensional contacts as well as altering of their characteristic by additional dopant diffusion. The resulting thermogenerator was embedded in metal using the method of metal-spray-deposition, which ensures high yield of the successfully embedded thermogenerators (30 functional of the total of 32) due to relatively low mechanical forces applied during the embedding process and reduced thermomechanical stress during the following cool-down phase.
Environment-aware ideal binary mask estimation using monaural cues (2013)

We present a monaural approach to speech segregation that estimates the ideal binary mask (IBM) by combining amplitude modulation spectrogram (AMS) features, pitch-based features and speech presence probability (SPP) features derived from noise statistics. To maintain a high mask estimation accuracy in the presence of various background noises, the system employs environment-specific segregation models and automatically selects the appropriate model for a given input signal. Furthermore, instead of classifying each time-frequency (T-F) unit independently, the a posteriori probabilities of speech and noise presence are evaluated by considering adjacent T-F units. The proposed system achieves high classification accuracy.
<title>Task performance with a dexterous teleoperated hand system</title> (1993)

In this paper we examine the role of force bandwidth in performance of close-tolerance peg-in- hole insertion. The experiments use a two fingered teleoperated hand system with finger-level force feedback. Low-pass filters are used to vary the frequency content of the force feedback signal. Task completion times and error rates decrease as force reflection bandwidth increases. Most of the benefit appears between 2 and 8 Hz bandwidth, although some improvement is seen to 32 Hz, the highest frequency examined. These experiments also indicate that even low bandwidth force feedback improves the operator's ability to moderate task forces. However, force feedback does not enable to the operator to minimize grasp force, since this requires information about the friction at the contact between the grasped object and the slave finger tip.
Methyl- and methoxy-substituted di[1,4]benzodithiio[2,3-b:2,3-e]pyridines as new electron donor compounds: synthesis, molecular structure, electrochemical properties, and EPR studies (1999)

Two new derivatives of di[1,4]benzodithiino[2,3-b:2,3-e]pyridine (5) tetrasubstituted with methyl (7) and methoxy (8) groups at the 2,3,9 and 10 positions have been prepared from 2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine, by cyclization reaction with the bidentate nucleophiles, 4,5-dimethyl- and 4,5-dimethoxy-benzene-1,2-dithiol. Cyclic voltammograms for the oxidation of both polyheterocyclic compounds 7 and 8 in CH2Cl2 exhibit two consecutive redox couples. The first pairs are due to the equilibria between the initial compounds and their radical cations, while in the second couples, the electrogenerated radical cations are in equilibrium with the corresponding dications. Radical cations of these molecules have been generated in fluid solution, by oxidation of the parent compounds with thallium(III) trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid in the case of 7, and by irradiation of a CH2Cl2 solution containing trifluoroacetic acid (10%) in the case of 8. Both species were analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). X-Ray analysis of the molecular structures of both 7 and 8 shows a stable chair-shaped conformation with interplanar angles between the phenyl rings and the pyridine ring of 139.9 and 141.4° for 7 and 133.7° for 8.
Density functional theory study of La2Ce2O7: Disordered fluorite versus pyrochlore structure (2011)

The crystal structure of lanthanum cerium oxide (La${}_{2}$Ce${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$) is investigated using ab initio density functional theory calculations. The relative stability of fluorite- and pyrochlorelike structures is studied through comparison of their formation energies. These formation energies show the pyrochlore structure to be favored over the fluorite structure, apparently contradicting the conclusions based on experimental neutron and x-ray diffraction (XRD). By calculating and comparing XRD spectra for a set of differently ordered and random structures, we show that the pyrochlore structure is consistent with diffraction experiments. For these reasons, we suggest the pyrochlore structure as the ground-state crystal structure for La${}_{2}$Ce${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$.
Nonphysician Providers in Oncology (2007)

To the Editor: The May 2007 issue of Journal of Oncology Practice (JOP) contains two brief references to the use of nonphysician providers in oncology. Both deserve additional comment.

Dr James Cohen, in his Letter to the Editor regarding the findings of the workforce study published in JOP in March, writes that the use of physician-extenders will be detrimental to the role of the physician-patient relationship.1 The growing body of data regarding the use of physician-extenders in the workforce suggests, in fact, that physician-extenders improve patient satisfaction, and professional satisfaction without adversely impacting the professional relationship between the patient and the physician.2

Dr Peter Paul Yu, writing for the ASCO Clinical Practice Committee discusses the potential role the nurse practitioner (NP) may play in the oncology workforce by examining what is currently understood about the background and training of the NP in oncology.3 Absent from the discussion is a similar consideration of requirements for physician assistant (PA) education. PA education is structured in the medical model. There are more than 130 accredited PA training programs. PAs must pass a national certifying examination in order to use the title Physician Assistant-Certified. Certified PAs must take a recertification examination every 6 years, in addition to earning 100 hours of continuing medical education credits every 2 years. Specialty certification is not required of PAs wishing to practice in subspecialties. There is currently one postgraduate residency program for PAs interested in additional oncology training. PAs work in the complete spectrum of oncology care, including medical oncology, surgical oncology, and radiation oncology, in the treatment of both pediatric and adult patients.

To represent completely the spectrum of nonphysician providers in oncology care, PAs should be included in the ASCO Clinical Practice Committee discussion regarding nonphysician provider education and training.
Activity of novel adenine nucleotide derivatives as agonists and antagonists at recombinant rat P2X receptors (2000)

Strategy, Management and Health PolicyVenture Capital Enabling TechnologyPreclinical ResearchPreclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, PharmacokineticsClinical Development Phases I-III Regulatory, Quality, ManufacturingPostmarketing Phase IVThe effects of structural modifications of adenine nucleotides previously shown to enhance either agonist (2-thioether groups) or antagonist (additional phosphate moieties at the 3'- or 2'-position) properties at P2Y(1) receptors were examined at recombinant rat P2X(1), P2X(2), P2X(3), and P2X(4) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The potency of P2Y(1) agonists HT-AMP (2-(hexylthio)adenosine-5'-monophosphate) and PAPET (2-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylthio]adenosine-5'-triphosphate) was examined at P2X receptors. Both nucleotides showed a preference for the Group I (α,β-meATP-sensitive, fast-inactivating) P2X sub-units. HT-AMP was 5-fold more potent than ATP at P2X(3) receptors and a partial agonist at all except P2X(2) receptors, at which it was a full agonist. The efficacy of HT-AMP was as low as 23% at P2X(4) receptors. PAPET was a weak partial agonist at rat P2X(4) receptors and a nearly full agonist at the other subtypes. At rat P2X(3) receptors, PAPET was more potent than any other known agonist (EC(50) = 17 ± 3 nM). MRS 2179 (N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 3', 5-bisphosphate, a potent P2Y(1) receptor antagonist) inhibited ATP-evoked responses at rat P2X(1) receptors with an IC(50) value of 1.15 ± 0.21 μM. MRS 2179 was a weak antagonist at rat P2X(3) receptors, with an IC(50) value of 12.9 ± 0.1 μM, and was inactive at rat P2X(2) and P2X(4) receptors. Thus, MRS 2179 was 11-fold and 130-fold selective for P2Y(1) receptors vs. P2X(1) and P2X(3) receptors, respectively. MRS 2209, the corresponding 3'-deoxy-2'-phosphate isomer, was inactive at rat P2X(1) receptors, thus demonstrating its greater selectivity as a P2Y(1) receptor antagonist. Various adenine bisphosphates in the family of MRS 2179 containing modifications of either the adenine (P2Y(1) antagonists with 2- and 6-substitutions), the phosphate (a 3',5'-cyclic diphosphate, inactive at P2Y(1) receptors), or the ribose moieties (antagonist carbocyclic analogue), were inactive at both rat P2X(1) and P2X(3) receptors. An anhydrohexitol derivative (MRS 2269) and an acyclic derivative (MRS 2286), proved to be selective antagonists at P2Y(1) receptors, since they were inactive as agonist or antagonist at P2X(1) and P2X(3) receptors.
Artifacts in transmission electron microscope images of artificially layered metallic superlattices (1986)

Both uniform and irregular artificially layered superlattice structures can exhibit a variety of misleading image artifacts in transmission electron microscopy when the layer normal is not perpendicular to the beam direction. These include apparent ‘‘layer dislocations,’’ and the origins of these and other artifacts, as observed in Cu/NiPd superlattices, are discussed.
Deep hashing network for material defect image classification (2018)

Common non‐destructive material testing technology has some well‐known problems such as slow detection, low detection accuracy, and low level of information obtained. To solve these problems, this study applied recent advances in convolution neural networks to propose an effective deep learning network using casting datasets. The approach achieves non‐destructive material testing with automatic, intelligent detection technology. For most existing deep learning networks, an image is eventually transformed into a multidimensional visual feature vector for comparison and classification. However, such vectors may not optimally improve detection precision and speed, and can lead to significant storage problems. A deep hashing network is proposed in which images are mapped into compact binary codes. There are three key components: (i) a sub‐network with multiple convolution‐pooling layers to capture image representations; (ii) a hashing layer to generate compact binary hash codes; (iii) an encoder module to divide the image feature vector from the output of the sub‐network above into multiple branches, each encoded into one hash bit. Extensive experiments using a casting dataset show promising performance compared with the state‐of‐the‐art approach.
Kynurenine and Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathways Crosstalk in Pain Hypersensitivity (2020)

Despite the identification of molecular mechanisms associated with pain persistence, no significant therapeutic improvements have been made. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that induce pain hypersensitivity will allow the development of novel, effective, and safe therapies for chronic pain. Various pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be increased during chronic pain, leading to sustained inflammation in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The pro-inflammatory environment activates additional metabolic routes, including the kynurenine (KYN) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways, which generate bioactive soluble metabolites with the potential to modulate neuropathic and inflammatory pain sensitivity. Inflammation-induced upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), both rate-limiting enzymes of KYN and BH4 biosynthesis, respectively, have been identified in experimental chronic pain models as well in biological samples from patients affected by chronic pain. Inflammatory inducible KYN and BH4 pathways upregulation is characterized by increase in pronociceptive compounds, such as quinolinic acid (QUIN) and BH4, in addition to inflammatory mediators such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). As expected, the pharmacologic and genetic experimental manipulation of both pathways confers analgesia. Many metabolic intermediates of these two pathways such as BH4, are known to sustain pain, while others, like xanthurenic acid (XA; a KYN pathway metabolite) have been recently shown to be an inhibitor of BH4 synthesis, opening a new avenue to treat chronic pain. This review will focus on the KYN/BH4 crosstalk in chronic pain and the potential modulation of these metabolic pathways that could induce analgesia without dependence or abuse liability.
Investigation of the impact of compensation for the distance dependent resolution on the uniformity of maximum heart wall counts and wall thickness in cardiac perfusion imaging in SPECT (2002)

The authors investigated the impact on the uniformity of the polar map of the maximum wail count, and cardiac wall thickness of several methods used to compensate for distance dependent resolution (DDR) in cardiac perfusion imaging. Comparison was made of: (1) filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction with no correction for attenuation and DDR; (2) FBP with Bellini attenuation compensation (AC); (3) FBP with Bellini AC and frequency distance relationship (FDR) restoration filtering prior to reconstruction; (4) ordered-subset maximum likelihood estimation-maximization (OSEM) reconstruction with just AC; and (5) including DDR compensation and AC in OSEM reconstruction with 3D post-reconstruction Gaussian filtering. This investigation shows that compensation for DDR results in a trade-off between uniformity of maximal wall counts and noise control versus average normalized wall thickness. Thus observer detection studies are needed to determine if compensation for DDR does result in improved lesion detection.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment Properties on Silicone Rubber Modified by Carbon Negative-Ion Implantation (2007)

Biocompatibility of silicone rubber sheet (SR) was improved by the carbon negative-ion implantation for the attachment ofmesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The carbon negative ions were implanted at 10 keY and various ion doses from 0.01 -10 (x10 15
Reduction of solar cell efficiency by bulk defects across the back-surface-field junction (1982)

Defects across the back-surface-field junction (BSF) can seriously degrade the performance of high-efficiency solar cells. Poor alloying, diffusion pipes, random contact metal penetration, and impurity segregation and clustering can all cause partial or complete electrical short circuits across the BSF junction. Performance degradation from defects distributed in the bulk across the BSF junction is analyzed using the new developed-perimeter model. A defective unit cell, containing one defect, is characterized by a three-region developed-perimeter device model. The width of the first region surrounding the defect is characterized by the range or the distance-of-influence of the defect and this range is shown to be about two diffusion lengths. The defect itself is characterized by three parameters: the defect area, the defect areal density, and the surface recombination velocity at the defective area. This defect model applies to both a few defects and a large number of defects. Family of curves and numerical examples are presented to show that there is very substantial degradation of open-circuit voltage in thin and high-efficiency cells, even if there are only a few defects. It is also shown that the degradation is not sensitive to the defect area but highly dependent on the defect density. Two defects of half area will cause almost twice as much open-circuit-voltage degradation than one defect of twice the area due to the two-diffusion-length defect range or distance-of-influence. Due to the strong density dependence, bulk defects, even at low density, could pose a serious limitation to the attainment of theoretical high open-circuit voltage and efficiency in thin and high-efficiency back-surface-field solar cells.
Stem Cell Review Series: Regulating highly potent stem cells in aging: environmental influences on plasticity (2008)

Significant advances in the past decade have revealed that a large number of highly plastic stem cells are maintained in humans through adulthood and are present even in older adults. These findings are notable in light of the reduced capacity for repair and regeneration in older tissues. The apparent dichotomy can be reconciled through an appreciation of the age-associated changes in the microenvironmental pathways that govern adult stem cell plasticity and differentiation patterns. Specifically, the recent identification of the age-related loss of the local platelet-derived growth factor signals that promote the induction of cardiac myocytes from Oct-3/4+ bone marrow stem cells, rather than impairment in the stem cells themselves, provides a template for understanding and targeting the environmental pathways underlying the regenerative capacity of older tissues and organs. It is projected that this paradigm extends to the overall regulation of adult stem cell biology, shifting the balance from tissue generation during development and maturation to the prevention of untoward stem cell differentiation with aging.