gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical Note Loop security as a determinant of tissue fixation security (1998)

Secure arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears and Bankart lesions requires tight knots (knot security). Equally important, but usually overlooked, is the tightness of the suture loop (loop security). This study compared loop security in knots tied with No. 1 PDS suture using three different methods: (1) hand-tied, (2) single-hole standard knot pusher, and (3) cannulated double-diameter knot pusher. The results of this study show that the double-diameter knot pusher maintained tight suture loops that were equivalent in circumference to hand-tied loops and were significantly tighter than suture loops tied with a standard single-hole knot pusher. This study highlights the fact that loop security is equally important to knot security in tissue fixation.
C-erbB-2 Expression in Primary Breast Cancer (1999)

c-erbB-2 is an oncoprotein which is overexpressed in up to 40% of primary breast cancers. c-erbB-2 overexpression is a bad prognostic factor in patients with lymph node-positive disease. Unfortunately, there has been no agreement to date on whether c-erbB-2 overexpression is of prognostic significance in patients with lymph node-negative disease. c-erbB-2 overexpression is correlated with the absence of estrogen receptor expression in a number of publications. Correlation between c-erbB-2 overexpression and hormone sensitivity in the clinical setting is less well established and is the focus of ongoing studies. Both preclinical and clinical studies support an association between c-erbB-2 receptor overexpression and resistance to alkylating agents. In contrast, the data for c-erbB-2 and anthracyclines should be viewed in a slightly different manner. Anthracyclines appear to have a greater therapeutic effect in c-erbB-2-positive disease which may be dose sensitive. In c-erbB-2-negative disease not only is the therapeutic effect reduced but there does not appear to be any improved response to higher doses of anthracyclines. The data for c-erbB-2 and the taxanes is still not clear enough to provide any definite conclusions. If there is a correlation it would at present appear to be between paclitaxel and response rates, but this needs to be confirmed in larger studies. Few studies have looked at changes in c-erbB-2 on therapy. Those that have seem to show no significant change on either tamoxifen or chemotherapy.
Electrical treeing characterisation of nanocomposite blends (2015)

In this work thermoplastic polymeric blends based on Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) have been studied. The blends have been prepared by twin screw compounding. In order to obtain different nanocomposite materials, montmorillonite and silica fillers have been considered. These two fillers are characterised by different aspect ratios: the first having a lamellar structure while the second one presenting a spherical shape. The morphology of the prepared blends has been assessed by means of chemical physical analyses. Electrical treeing tests have been performed on suitable specimens. The tree inception voltage has been determined to evaluate both the effect of the filler and the good adhesion of the needle to the nanostructured sample material. During the tests, partial discharges have been acquired by means of a Phase Resolved Partial Discharge Analyser (PRPDA). The evolution of the parameters relevant to the partial discharges activity has been monitored in order to identify the tree growth morphology. Furthermore life models have been defined putting in relation the obtained lifetime values, relevant to the specimen total breakdown, and the change of parameters directly obtained by the Partial Discharges (PD) detection.
Transcriptional changes in right ventricular tissues are enriched in the outflow tract compared with the apex during chronic pulmonary embolism in rats (2009)

Moderate to severe pulmonary embolism (PE) can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular (RV) heart damage. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that the basal outflow tract of the RV is injured and has acute inflammation followed by tissue remodeling while the apex appears normal. The present studies examine transcription responses to chronic PE in RV apex and outflow tracts using DNA microarrays to identify transcription responses by region. Changes predominated in the RV outflow tract (8,575 genes showed >/=1.5-fold expression change). Gene ontology and KEGG analyses indicated a significant decrease in genes involved in cellular respiration and energy metabolism and increases in inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. Signal pathways for wound healing such as fibroblast growth factor, collagen synthesis, and CCN proteins (named for the first three members of the family: cysteine-rich protein 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene) were strongly upregulated. In comparison, few genes (422) showed significant change in the RV apex tissue. Apex-selective genes included two genes affecting metabolism and a stretch-sensitive transcription factor (ankyrin repeat domain 1). We conclude that the RV outflow tract is subject to strong proinflammatory and profibrotic remodeling transcriptional responses in chronic PE. Severe loss of genes involved in cellular respiration is consistent with previous histology indicating a shift in cell types present within the outflow tract tissue away from highly energy-dependant cardiomyocytes to less metabolically active cells during remodeling. The apex region of the RV had few compensating adaptations.
Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. (2012)

The kappa statistic is frequently used to test interrater reliability. The importance of rater reliability lies in the fact that it represents the extent to which the data collected in the study are correct representations of the variables measured. Measurement of the extent to which data collectors (raters) assign the same score to the same variable is called interrater reliability. While there have been a variety of methods to measure interrater reliability, traditionally it was measured as percent agreement, calculated as the number of agreement scores divided by the total number of scores. In 1960, Jacob Cohen critiqued use of percent agreement due to its inability to account for chance agreement. He introduced the Cohen's kappa, developed to account for the possibility that raters actually guess on at least some variables due to uncertainty. Like most correlation statistics, the kappa can range from -1 to +1. While the kappa is one of the most commonly used statistics to test interrater reliability, it has limitations. Judgments about what level of kappa should be acceptable for health research are questioned. Cohen's suggested interpretation may be too lenient for health related studies because it implies that a score as low as 0.41 might be acceptable. Kappa and percent agreement are compared, and levels for both kappa and percent agreement that should be demanded in healthcare studies are suggested.
Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restoration (2021)

Since convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform well at learning generalizable image priors from large-scale data, these models have been extensively applied to image restoration and related tasks. Recently, another class of neural architectures, Transformers, have shown significant performance gains on natural language and high-level vision tasks. While the Transformer model mitigates the shortcomings of CNNs (i.e., limited receptive field and inadaptability to input content), its computational complexity grows quadratically with the spatial resolution, therefore making it infeasible to apply to most image restoration tasks involving high-resolution images. In this work, we propose an efficient Transformer model by making several key designs in the building blocks (multi-head attention and feed-forward network) such that it can capture long-range pixel interactions, while still remaining applicable to large images. Our model, named Restoration Transformer (Restormer), achieves state-of-the-art results on several image restoration tasks, including image deraining, single-image motion deblurring, defocus deblurring (single-image and dual-pixel data), and image denoising (Gaussian grayscale/color denoising, and real image denoising). The source code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/swz30/Restormer.
Femtosecond Photonics: Fundamental Phenomena and Advanced Devices (2001)

Abstract : During the period of this program we made significant progress in several areas, in the development of new femtosecond lasers and techniques, in the application of ultrafast optics to fiber devices and to studies of novel materials and material structures. Some of these key advances are summarized in sections entitled: (1) Ultrashort pulse femtosecond lasers; (2) Optical phase and waveform control of sub-two-cycle pulses; (3) Dispersion managed propagation and modelocking; (4) Noise in ultrafast optical devices; (5) Generation of high intensity ultrashort pulses using novel laser design; (6) Nonlinear semiconductor mirrors for femtosecond pulse generation; (7) Erbium glass waveguide lasers and short pulse generation; (8) Nonepitaxial saturable absorber materials for nonlinear optic; (9) Ultrashort pulse fiber lasers; and (10) Photonic device fabrication using nonlinear materials processing.
Noise in IMPATT diodes: Intrinsic properties (1972)

The design of low-noise IMPATT diodes has been aided by theories describing the noise generation under small-signal conditions. A major deficiency in this procedure has existed in that there is no apparent connection between the small-signal behavior and the great increases in the noise observed in large-signal operation. As a remedy a theory has been developed for the noise generation at arbitrary signal levels by using a Read diode model. The theory is based on a linearization technique for calculating the spectrum of homogeneous noise with linear damping resulting in a separation of the large-signal and noise problems. The open-circuit noise voltage increases strongly at high signal levels due to nonlinear parametric interactions and gives rise to a rapid increase in the noise measure as a function of the generated microwave power. Operating parameters are derived that optimize the power-noise ratio. A long intrinsic response time is found to be beneficial in achieving high power as well as low noise. Other factors affecting the design and choice of material for IMPATT diodes are discussed. An important feature of the presented theory is that a complete design optimization with respect to the power-noise characteristics can be carried out provided reliable information exists about the ionization rates and the drift velocities. A simpler alternative is to obtain the physical quantities governing the power-noise behavior from small-signal admittance and noise measurements. Good agreement has been obtained with experimental power-noise measurements by this method. As an application of this procedure a state of the art comparison is given for GaAs, Ge, and Si diodes at 6 GHz.
Altered B:9–23 Insulin, When Administered Intranasally with Cholera Toxin Adjuvant, Suppresses the Expression of Insulin Autoantibodies and Prevents Diabetes (2007)

Insulin peptide B:9-23 is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes that contains two distinct CD4 epitopes (B:9-16 and B:13-23). One of the two epitopes, B:13-23, overlaps with a CTL epitope (B:15-23). In this study, we report that the elimination of the CTL epitope from the B:9-23 peptide by amino acid substitution (with alanine) at positions B:16 and 19 (A16,19 altered peptide ligand) or truncation of the C-terminal amino acids from the peptide (B:9-21), neither of which stimulated the proliferation of insulin B:15-23 reactive CD8 T cells, provided significant intranasally induced suppression of diabetes when coadministered with a potent mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Intranasal treatment with A16,19 resulted in the elimination of spontaneous insulin autoantibodies, significant inhibition of insulitis and remission from hyperglycemia, and prevented the progression to diabetes. Intranasal administration of native B:9-23/CT or B:11-23/CT resulted in a significant enhancement of insulin autoantibody expression and severity of insulitis and failed to prevent diabetes. Our present study indicates that elimination of the CTL epitope from the B:9-23 peptide was critically important for mucosally induced diabetes prevention. The A16,19 altered peptide ligand, but not other native insulin peptides, suppresses insulin autoantibodies associated with protection from and remission of diabetes.
DQB1*0323 is the result of a gene conversion event between a DQB1*06 and a DQB1*030303 allele (2009)

A novel human leukocyte antigen-DQB1 allele, DQB1*0323, was identified in a volunteer hematopoietic stem cell donor. DQB1*0323 differs from the closely related allele DQB1*030303 in five nucleotide positions.
Nanopore-Based Devices for Bioanalytical Applications (2010)

With over a decade passed since the first reported use of a Staphylococcal α-hemolysin pore to study single molecules of single-stranded DNA, research in the field of nanopores has advanced rapidly. We discuss the technological progression of nanopore-based devices from the initial use of α-hemolysin pores to the advent of solid-state nanopores to the burgeoning of organic-inorganic hybrid pores driven by the desire to achieve fast and inexpensive DNA sequencing. Additional nanopore-based efforts are also discussed that study other classes of molecules, such as proteins. We discuss the use of nanopores for protein folding and binding analysis. In addition to single-molecule analysis, we report on the introduction of nanopore arrays on thin film membranes for ultrafiltration. Owing to their reduced spatial dimensionality, such membranes offer greater control over how the pores interact with analytes thus leading to very efficient separation. With several technical hindrances yet to be overcome, the devices we report are still works in progress. The realization of these devices will enhance laboratory processes by permitting superior spatial and temporal analytical resolution at the single-molecule level resulting in laboratory capacities of great impact.
Clinical evidence on dietary supplementation with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.): a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42015029990.
Advances in honeycomb layered oxides: Part I -- Syntheses and Characterisations of Pnictogen- and Chalcogen-Based Honeycomb Layered Oxides (2022)

Advancements in nanotechnology continue to unearth material vistas that presage a new age of revolutionary functionalities replete with unparalleled physical properties and avant-garde chemical capabilities that promise sweeping paradigm shifts in energy, environment, telecommunications and potentially healthcare. At the upper echelons of this realm, the pnictogen and chalcogen class of honeycomb layered oxides have emerged with fascinating crystal chemistry and exotic electromagnetic and topological phenomena that muster multifaceted concepts spanning from materials science to condensed matter physics and potential applications in electrochemistry, quantum mechanics and electronics. In a bid to shed light on the mechanisms governing these biomimetic nanostructures, this review highlights the significant milestones and breakthroughs that have augmented their current fundamental theory, properties, and utilities. Herein, we elucidate the vast promising crystal chemistry space against the backdrop of known synthesis and characterisation techniques employed in the development and optimisation of this class of honeycomb layered oxides. Further, we highlight key theoretical models that have reinvigorated the exploration and characterisation of within this class of materials and are poised to redefine the frontiers of material research and their applications. We conclude by envisaging future research directions where fascinating physicochemical, topological and electromagnetic properties could be lurking and where valiant efforts ought to be inclined, particularly in the prospective realisation of exotic material compositional space as well as their utility as testing grounds for emergent two-dimensional (2D) topological quantum gravity and conformal field theories.
Inhibition of equine herpesvirus type 1 subtype 1-induced ribonucleotide reductase by the nonapeptide YAGAVVNDL (1990)

The synthetic nonapeptide YAGAVVNDL [identical to the nine carboxy-terminal amino acids of the small subunit of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-encoded ribonucleotide reductase (RR)] was found to inhibit the RR activity induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 subtype 1 (EHV-1). Parallel experiments with HSV type 1 (HSV-1)-encoded RR established that the concentration of peptide required to inhibit 50% of the RR activity was 28 microM for both enzymes. The optimum pH for the EHV-1 enzyme was found to be between 8.0 and 8.1 which is the same as that of HSV-1 RR. By use of antisera made against peptides corresponding to different regions of the large subunit (RR1) of the HSV-1 enzyme and monoclonal antibodies directed against HSV-1 RR1 we have obtained evidence which suggests that the EHV-1 large subunit has an Mr of approximately 90,000 and lacks the N-terminal domain which is so far unique to HSV.
Casimir Thrust Force on a Rotating Chiral Particle (2018)

In the work, the thermal and vacuum fluctuation is predicted capable of generating a Casimir thrust force on a rotating chiral particle, which will push or pull the particle along the rotation axis. The Casimir thrust force comes from two origins: i) the rotation-induced symmetry-breaking in the vacuum and thermal fluctuation and ii) the chiral cross-coupling between electric and magnetic fields and dipoles, which can convert the vacuum spin angular momentum (SAM) to the vacuum force. Using the fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT), we derive the analytical expressions for the vacuum thrust force in dipolar approximation and the dependences of the force on rotation frequency, temperature and material optical properties are investigated. The work reveals a new mechanism to generate a vacuum force, which opens a new way to exploit zero-point energy of vacuum.
Interleukin-6 genotypes and serum levels in Chinese Hui population. (2014)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in different physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, and circulating levels of IL-6 differ greatly between individuals. The Chinese Hui is one of the largest ethnic minorities, little is known about the distribution of IL-6 genetic variations and their effects on serum levels in Hui population. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of -174G/C (rs1800795), -597G/A (rs1800797), and -634C/G (rs1800796) polymorphisms in the IL-6 gene promoter region and their association with IL-6 serum levels in the Ningxia Hui population. A total of 96 Hui subjects, (57 men and 39 women; mean age 49.65 ± 19.73 years) unrelated nationality residents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were enrolled. Genotyping of the three polymorphisms were performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) combined with gel electrophoresis and then confirmed by direct sequencing. The -174G/C (97.92% GG, 2.08% GC, and 0% CC) and -597G/A (98.96% GG, 1.04% GA, and 0% AA) polymorphisms were rare. The frequencies of -634C/G genotypes CC, CG, and GG were found to be 54.17%, 40.62%, and 5.21%, respectively in total studied subjects, the derived allele frequencies for the C and G alleles were 74.48% and 25.52%. Increased IL-6 levels were correlated with the IL-6 -634G allele carriers (CG+GG genotypes). The results suggest that IL-6 -174G/C and -597G/A are rare but -634C/G is common in the Ningxia Hui population, and the -634G allele is associated with circulating levels of IL-6.
Sensing in 15 s for Aqueous Fluoride Anion by Water-Insoluble Fluorescent Probe Incorporating Hydrogel (2013)

Anion recognition and sensing via artificial receptors have attracted a great deal of attention since they play a fundamental and important role in chemical, biological, medical, and environmental processes. Fluoride, as one of the smallest anions, is of particular interest because of its role in dental care and the analysis of drinking water. Herein, we invented a new method for F(-) detection by adopting the hydrogel as the supporter of reaction between a water insoluble fluorescent probe and F(-) in the water environment. This method is highly rapid, selective, and sensitive, which can determine F(-) levels in 15 s at the drinking water standard. A novel compound N-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)phenyl) acetamide (BTBPA) was synthesized as the fluorescent probe because of the significant fluorescent color change from blue to green after the reaction with F(-). This method does not require the probe substances to be water-soluble, which greatly expands the range of the specific fluorescent molecules used in ion detection. Additionally, just a few microliter samples were required in the analysis procedures with this method.
Optical tristability including spectral bistability using an inhomogeneously excited multielectrode DFB LD (1988)

Optical tristability, including spectral bistability, controlled either electrically or optically has been observed in a multielectrode DFB LD with a saturable absorber. A number of preliminary applications as optical logic gates (AND, OR, INVERT, NAND, NOR, and XOR) and optical memories are demonstrated experimentally.
Correction: Electro-mechanical actuator with muscle memory (2014)

Correction for ‘Electro-mechanical actuator with muscle memory’ by Alexandre Khaldi et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2, 8029–8034.
Bristle Maps: A Multivariate Abstraction Technique for Geovisualization (2013)

We present Bristle Maps, a novel method for the aggregation, abstraction, and stylization of spatiotemporal data that enables multiattribute visualization, exploration, and analysis. This visualization technique supports the display of multidimensional data by providing users with a multiparameter encoding scheme within a single visual encoding paradigm. Given a set of geographically located spatiotemporal events, we approximate the data as a continuous function using kernel density estimation. The density estimation encodes the probability that an event will occur within the space over a given temporal aggregation. These probability values, for one or more set of events, are then encoded into a bristle map. A bristle map consists of a series of straight lines that extend from, and are connected to, linear map elements such as roads, train, subway lines, and so on. These lines vary in length, density, color, orientation, and transparencyâcreating the multivariate attribute encoding scheme where event magnitude, change, and uncertainty can be mapped as various bristle parameters. This approach increases the amount of information displayed in a single plot and allows for unique designs for various information schemes. We show the application of our bristle map encoding scheme using categorical spatiotemporal police reports. Our examples demonstrate the use of our technique for visualizing data magnitude, variable comparisons, and a variety of multivariate attribute combinations. To evaluate the effectiveness of our bristle map, we have conducted quantitative and qualitative evaluations in which we compare our bristle map to conventional geovisualization techniques. Our results show that bristle maps are competitive in completion time and accuracy of tasks with various levels of complexity.