gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Therapy in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Effect on Salivary Gland Function and Inflammation (2021)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease. It is the second most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affecting 0.7% of European Americans and up to 1% of people globally. pSS is characterized by the impaired secretory function of exocrine glands, including salivary and lachrymal glands. A lymphocytic infiltration of these organs leads to the common and debilitating symptoms of oral and ocular dryness, majorly affecting the quality of life of these patients. Currently, no disease-modifying drug has been approved for the treatment of pSS, with therapies largely aimed at relieving symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes. In particular, management of oral dryness still represents a major unmet clinical need in pSS and a significant burden for patients with this condition. Recently, several randomized clinical trials in pSS with biological therapies targeting specific mechanistic pathways implicated in the disease pathogenesis, including B-cell hyperactivity, T-cell co-stimulation and the aberrant role of cytokines, have been completed with mixed results. In this review, we summarize evidence from recent clinical trials investigating biological therapy in pSS, specifically highlighting efficacy, or lack thereof, in modulating local inflammation and improving salivary gland function.
Pattern-based annotations on E-books: from personal to shared didactic content (2003)

Our research aims at defining models and software tools in order to provide learners with a training memory. This memory is a computer-based space where a learner can organize and manage the annotations he adds to his training documents. Following a literature review and after our first experiments, we set the specifications of the basic concepts: didactic annotations and e-books. This review enlightened the fact that the crucial issue is to solve the paradox that people use personal annotation visual forms whereas they have the same annotating objectives within their community. Our proposition is to provide learners with annotation patterns combining personal annotation visual forms and sharable annotation content. This annotation pattern model is based on ontologies structuring annotations content, particularly the didactic objectives. We are currently implementing these models on e-books on which usability and learning efficiency could more easily be obtained because of their properties (bare-handed interaction and mobility).
Antisense oligonucleotides targeting XIAP induce apoptosis and enhance chemotherapeutic activity against human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (2003)

Activation of programmed cell death in cancer cells offers novel and potentially useful approaches to improving patient responses to conventional chemotherapy. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), is the most potent member of the IAP gene family in terms of its ability to inhibit caspases and suppress apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of XIAP down-regulation by antisense oligonucleotides (AS ODNs) on human non-small cell lung cancer (NIH-H460) growth in vitro and in vivo. In cultured H460 cells, G4 AS ODN was identified as the most potent compound. It down-regulated XIAP mRNA by 55% and protein levels up to 60% as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and induced 60% cell death. In contrast, the scrambled control ODN caused minimal XIAP loss and less than 10% cell death. Treatment with G4 AS ODN induced apoptosis as revealed by degradation of procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins with significant nuclear DNA condensation and fragmentation. In addition, G4 AS ODNs sensitized H460 cells to the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin, Taxol, vinorelbine, and etoposide. In animal models, administration of G4 AS ODN had significant sequence-specific inhibitory effects on H460 solid tumor establishment in a xenograft model. This antitumor activity was associated with an 85% down-regulation of XIAP protein in the tumors. In addition, the combination of 15 mg/kg G4 AS ODN with 5 mg/kg vinorelbine significantly delayed tumor establishment, more than either agent alone. These studies support the contention that XIAP is a viable target for cancer therapy in human non-small cell lung cancer.
Lateral Thigh Free Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction (1995)

To understand the role of the lateral thigh flap in head and neck reconstruction, we performed injection studies and anatomic dissections in 2 fresh and 61 preserved cadaver extremities followed by 10 clinical cases involving defects after tumor ablation. The flap, based on the third perforator of the profunda femoris artery, is designed on the posterolateral aspect of the distal thigh. The pedicle courses through the biceps short head, allowing optional transfer of this muscle. Defects of the oral cavity, pharynx, cervical esophagus, and external skin were successfully restored. One flap was unsuccessful because of intraoperative injury to the vascular pedicle. Compared with the radial forearm flap, the lateral thigh flap provides more tissue and the donor scar is more easily hidden, but the vascular pedicle is shorter, of smaller caliber, and more variable. The lateral thigh flap provides thin, pliable, and reliable tissue for a variety of needs in properly selected patients.
O zależności współczynnika oporu aerodynamicznego od prędkości jazdy (2012)

Na wielkość sił oporu aerodynamicznego samochodu wpływają oddziaływania o charakterze konwekcyjnym, wynikające z rozkładu ciśnień wokół pojazdu, oraz dyfuzyjnym, związane z tarciem (lepkim) powietrza. Wielkość i wzajemne proporcje obu rodzaju sił zależą od prędkości opływu powietrza wokół pojazdu, a więc w przybliżeniu od prędkości jazdy samochodu. Siły wynikające z oddziaływań konwekcyjnych zależą od kwadratu prędkości ruchu, a te zwiazane z oddziaływaniami dyfuzyjnymi zależą liniowo od prędkości jazdy. Wyznaczając współczynnik oporu w oparciu o siłę oporu otrzymaną z badań tunelowych, popełniamy błąd, standardowo przyjmując kwadratową zależność od prędkości jazdy. W artykule kwestia ta jest badana z wykorzystaniem symulacji komputerowych, a stosowna zależność współczynnika oporu aerodynamicznego od prędkości jazdy zostaje zweryfikowana.
Small open reading frames in 5′ untranslated regions of mRNAs (2003)

Using the 5'-end sequence data from 'oligo-capped' cDNAs, we generated a representative full-length cDNA dataset for 4870 RefSeq entries, and analyzed the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of these genes. To our surprise, about half of the 4870 genes had an upstream ATG before the ATG that starts the longest open reading frame (ORF), suggesting that about half of them have small ORFs in their 5' UTR of average length of 31 amino acids. They require attention for further analysis to identify their biological role.
Membrane lipid rafts and neurobiology: age‐related changes in membrane lipids and loss of neuronal function (2015)

A better understanding of the cellular physiological role that plasma membrane lipids, fatty acids and sterols play in various cellular systems may yield more insight into how cellular and whole organ function is altered during the ageing process. Membrane lipid rafts (MLRs) within the plasma membrane of most cells serve as key organizers of intracellular signalling and tethering points of cytoskeletal components. MLRs are plasmalemmal microdomains enriched in sphingolipids, cholesterol and scaffolding proteins; they serve as a platform for signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and vesicular trafficking. Within MLRs are the scaffolding and cholesterol binding proteins named caveolin (Cav). Cavs not only organize a multitude of receptors including neurotransmitter receptors (NMDA and AMPA receptors), signalling proteins that regulate the production of cAMP (G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, phosphodiesterases (PDEs)), and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in growth (Trk), but also interact with components that modulate actin and tubulin cytoskeletal dynamics (e.g. RhoGTPases and actin binding proteins). MLRs are essential for the regulation of the physiology of organs such as the brain, and age-related loss of cholesterol from the plasma membrane leads to loss of MLRs, decreased presynaptic vesicle fusion, and changes in neurotransmitter release, all of which contribute to different forms of neurodegeneration. Thus, MLRs provide an active membrane domain that tethers and reorganizes the cytoskeletal machinery necessary for membrane and cellular repair, and genetic interventions that restore MLRs to normal cellular levels may be exploited as potential therapeutic means to reverse the ageing and neurodegenerative processes.
Environmental and plant community drivers of plant pathogen composition and richness (2021)

Interactions between individual plant pathogens and their environment have been described many times. However, the relative contribution of different environmental parameters as controls of pathogen communities remains largely unknown. Here we investigate the importance of environmental factors, including geomorphology, climate, land use, soil and plant community composition, for a broad range of aboveground and belowground fungal, oomycete and bacterial plant pathogens. We found that plant community composition is the main driver of the composition and richness of plant pathogens after taking into account all other tested parameters, especially those related to climate and soil. In the face of future changes in climate and land use, our results suggest that changes in plant pathogen community composition and richness will primarily be mediated through changes in plant communities, rather than the direct effects of climate or soils.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modelling, and Biological Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid-Arylidene Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents (2021)

Herein, we report a series of 15 new arylidene derivatives of oleanolic acid by Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction. All the compounds synthesized were screened for their anti-inﬂammatory activity against NO, TNF-α and IL-6. From the data, it was evident that most of the compounds exhibited better anti-inﬂammatory activity.
Relationship between Fiber Fineness and Diameter of Three Bast Fibers (2021)

Natural plant fibers are outstanding materials in textile industry. The fiber fineness, length and strength are three of the most important indexes to evaluate the fiber quality. Fiber fineness refers to the thickness of the fiber, which is usually expressed by the mass per unit length. The relationship between fiber fineness and fiber diameter is very important for deeper understanding of a new fiber. In this study, three different natural fibers were collected to measure the fiber fineness, diameter, and density. Furthermore, SEM was conducted to detect the fiber cross section, and the correlation equations were constructed between the fiber fineness and diameter. Results showed that vibration method could generate a lower fiber fineness value; all the correlation equations had high accuracy to predict fiber fineness with different diameters, and most of the prediction errors were lower than 10%. In the final equations, the coefficients were 0.825, 0.69, 0.975 of apocynum, ramie, and kenaf fiber, respectively.
A critical time window for dopamine actions on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines (2014)

Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic connections of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The mechanisms of the narrow timing detection, however, remain unknown. Here, we optically stimulated dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs separately and found that dopamine promoted spine enlargement only during a narrow time window (0.3 to 2 seconds) after the glutamatergic inputs. The temporal contingency was detected by rapid regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in thin distal dendrites, in which protein-kinase A was activated only within the time window because of a high phosphodiesterase activity. Thus, we describe a molecular basis of reinforcement plasticity at the level of single dendritic spines.
A biofragmentable ring for sutureless bowel anastomosis (1985)

A biofragmentable bowel anastomosis ring (BAR) for sutureless intestinal anastomosis is described with the laboratory results comparing the BAR to sutured and stapled anastomoses. There was equivalent healing with all three methods of anastomosis. However, "burst" pressure was highest at day zero and overall necrosis was least with the BAR. By virtue of these findings and being sutureless, it is hoped that the limits of safe bowel anastomosis can be extended.
Improvements in the Formation of Cephalosporins from Penicillin G and Other Penicillins by Bioconversion (2002)

Chemical ring expansion of penicillin G plus enzymatic removal of the phenylacetyl side chain is currently being used in industry to obtain 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) that is used for the manufacture of semisynthetic cephalosporins. A biological route requiring only two enzymatic steps (ring expansion and deacylation) might replace this chemical process, thereby reducing costs and environmental problems. Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase, an iron-dependent and α-ketoglutarate-requiring dioxygenase, catalyses the expansion of the five-membered thiazolidine ring of the penicillin nucleus to form the six-membered dihydrothiazine ring of the cephalosporin nucleus. To improve the substrate specificity of this enzyme on hydrophobic penicillins (e.g., penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin), different strategies have been recently developed. Biotransformation of penicillin G to deacetoxycephalosporin G by resting cells of Streptomyces clavuligerus has been improved by growing the cells in ethanol, eliminating agitation, adding water-immiscible solvents and catalase to the reaction, and using a hybrid strain obtained by directed evolution.
Succinatimonas hippei gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces (2009)

A novel strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium (YIT 12066T) was isolated from human faeces. The isolate was negative for catalase, oxidase, urease, hydrolysis of aesculin and gelatin, nitrate reduction and indole production. The major end products of glucose metabolism were succinate and acetate. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were C14:0, C18:1omega7c, C18:1omega9c, C16:1omega7c and C16:0. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIT 12066T was most closely related to members of the family Succinivibrionaceae, with sequence similarity of 92-87%. However, some phenotypic characteristics such as cellular morphology and the major fatty acid profile of strain YIT 12066T were markedly different from those of other members of the family Succinivibrionaceae. On the basis of both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is suggested that strain YIT 12066T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Succinatimonas hippei gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of Succinatimonas hippei is YIT 12066T (=DSM 22608T =JCM 16073T).
Evidence that 5‐lipoxygenase and acetylated cyclooxygenase 2‐derived eicosanoids regulate leukocyte–endothelial adherence in response to aspirin (2003)

(1) Unlike other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit formation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent eicosanoids, acetylation of COX-2 by aspirin switches eicosanoid biosynthesis from prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) to 15-epi-lipoxin A(4) (15-epi-LXA(4) or aspirin-triggered lipoxin, ATL). ATL formation by activated leukocytes (PMN) requires the intervention of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), an enzyme that is involved in leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) formation. (2) In the present study, we have examined the role of acetylated COX-2 and 5-LOX in modulating antiadhesive effects of aspirin on adhesion of PMN to endotoxin (LPS)-primed human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). (3) Treating PMN/HUVEC cocultures with aspirin resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell-to-cell adhesion induced by LPS. Treating HUVEC with selective COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib, caused an approximately 70% reversion of antiadhesive effect of aspirin. In contrast, inhibition of neutrophil's 5-LOX pathway with 1 micro M ZD2138, a selective 5-LOX inhibitor, 1 micro M BAY-X-1005, a FLAP inhibitor, or 100 micro M licofelone, a dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor, did not affect antiadhesive properties of aspirin. (4) Exposure to celecoxib (100 micro M) or rofecoxib (10 micro M) completely suppressed ATL formation caused by aspirin without affecting LTB(4) levels. ZD2138, licofelone and BAY-X-1005 inhibited ATL formation as well as LTB(4) generation. (5) Treatment with LXA(4) reduced PMN adhesion to HUVEC and counteracted the proadhesive effect of celecoxib. In contrast, exposure to Boc-1, an LXA(4) antagonist, counteracts the antiadhesive activities of aspirin. Exposure to U75302, an LTB(4) receptor antagonist, enhances the antiadesive effect of aspirin. (6) Reversal of antiadhesive activities of aspirin by celecoxib was associated with increased expression of LFA-1 on PMN and E-selectin on HUVEC. Addition of LXA(4), ZD2138 and U75302 inhibited these changes. (7) The present results support the notion that inhibition of ATL formation is mechanistically linked to the reversal of the antiadhesive activity of aspirin caused by selective COX-1 inhibitors and suggests that the LTB(4)/ATL balance modulates pro- and antiadhesive activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the leukocyte-endothelial cell interface.
Amorphous silicon TFT X-ray image sensors (2002)

This paper will review electronic device characteristics of recently developed large-area, amorphous Silicon (a-Si) TFT/photodiode X-ray image sensors, and discuss some of the imaging characteristics which such devices can achieve.
EMF1, A Novel Protein Involved in the Control of Shoot Architecture and Flowering in Arabidopsis (2001)

Dominique Aubert, Lingjing Chen, Yong-Hwan Moon, David Martin, Linda A. Castle, Chang-Hsien Yang, Z. Renee Sung, EMF1, A Novel Protein Involved in the Control of Shoot Architecture and Flowering in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, No. 8 (Aug., 2001), pp. 1865-1875
Killing Glioma ‘Stem-like’ Cells via Drug-Induced Relocation of Endosomal Urokinase Proteins (2017)

High grade gliomas (HGGs) are primary CNS cancers with more than 95% of patients experiencing tumor recurrence following radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or an anti-angiogenic therapy. Populations of glioma 'stem-like' cells (GSCs) exist in both proliferative and non-proliferative states and are capable of tumor regrowth. These GSCs survive within hypoxic tumor regions and avascular tumor margins, while retaining the capability to regenerate. Successful treatment of HGGs depends on therapeutic targeting of GSCs to avert tumor regeneration. Here, we review novel intracellular mechanisms by which 3-amino-5-arylamino-6-chloro-N-(diaminomethylene) pyrazine-2-carboximide (UCD38B) and the much more potent 5'-substituted arylamino compounds (cmpd 10357) irreversibly kill GSCs utilizing caspase-independent, programmed necrotic cell death. Drug-induced relocation of a subset of endosomes to perinuclear mitochondria triggers the mitochondrial release and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducible factor (AIF) that is followed by nuclear condensation and cancer cell demise. This drug-induced endosomal 'mis-trafficking' affects a subset of endosomes containing proteins belonging to the urokinase plasminogen activator system (uPAS) and guided by lipoprotein receptor protein type 1 (LRP-1). UCD38B and congeners act intracellularly and bind to intracellular urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) to disrupt uPA binding to PAI-1 and the endosomal LRP-1 guidance protein. These small molecules are cytotoxic to persistently hypoxic and acidotic HGG cell lines and to high grade gliomas from patient derived xenografts (PDX). Immunodeficient mice with intracerebral PDX glial tumors demonstrate drug-specific, AIF- mediated necrosis after 24h of treatment. The propensity of these small molecules to kill non-proliferating and proliferating hypoxic GSCs, suggests a potential synergistic therapeutic role with radiotherapy, anti-mitotic and anti-angiogenic therapies.
Intelligent word-prediction to enhance text input rate (a syntactic analysis-based word-prediction aid for people with severe motor and speech disability) (1997)

ADSTRACT Word-prediction is a technique commonly used to reduce the amount of keystrokes needed to input text by people with severe physical disabilities. Several methods based on word frequencies have been developed so far. Many of them do not take advantage of the information inherent to the syntactic sentence structure. This paper puts forth a word-prediction method based on the syntactical analysis of a sentence, carried out using the “chart” parsing method proposed by Allen. This method also adapts its behaviour to the user’s lexicon. The obtained results are compared to others obtained from a pure statistical predictor,
Joint cHANNEL-AND-dATA estimation for large-MIMO systems with low-precision ADCs (2015)

The use of low precision (e.g., 1 - 3 bits) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in very large multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is a technique to reduce cost and power consumption. In this context, nevertheless, it has been shown that the training duration is required to be very large just to obtain an acceptable channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. A possible solution to the MIMO system with low precision ADCs is joint channel-and-data (JCD) estimation. This paper first develops an analytical framework for studying the MIMO system using JCD estimation. In particular, we use the Bayes-optimal inference for the JCD estimation and realize this estimator utilizing a recent technique based on approximate message passing. Large-system analysis based on the replica method is then adopted to derive the asymptotic performances of the JCD estimator. Results from simulations confirm our theoretical findings and reveal that the JCD estimator can provide a significant gain over conventional pilot-only schemes in the MIMO system.
Laserstrahlschweißen von Blechstrukturen* (2006)

Kurzfassung Das Widerstands-Punktschweißen im Karosseriebau wird zunehmend durch Laserschweißungen ersetzt. Die Erfahrungen, die bei der Widerstands-Punktschweißung vorliegen, mussten im Falle der Laserschweißung erst erarbeitet werden. Dies gilt für die Berechnungsansätze ebenso wie für die Qualitätskontrolle und das Schadensmonitoring im Versuch. Beispiele aus mehreren Entwicklungsbereichen geben Einblick in diese Bemühungen. Möglichkeiten, die Ermüdungsrissbildung in der Fügeebene zu dokumentieren, werden aufgezeigt.
Dual Array Microseismic Hydraulic Fracture Imaging (2008)

Summary A hydraulic fracture stimulation was monitored with borehole geophone arrays deployed in two observation wells. The resulting case study allowed a comparison of accuracies from single observation wells with that from two observation wells. A comparison was also made of the accuracy of the different well configurations. The dual well observations provides an opportunity for enhanced velocity model validation in addition to enhanced source imaging techniques to provide additional information about the fracture geometry.
THE SEPARATION OF DIASTER-EOISOMERIC CYSTATHIONINES (1961)

A method is reported for separation of isomeric cystathionines via their benzoylated derivatives. (J.R.D.)