gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Node-covering based defect and fault tolerance methods for increased yield in FPGAs (2002)

Fault tolerant techniques are proposed which make use of the reconfigurability of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Based on the principle of node-covering, a routing discipline is developed that reserves unused wiring in the routing channels to allow each cell to cover (to be able to replace) its neighbor in a row. If testing identifies a faulty cell, switches are set to reconfigure the faulty cell out of the array. Not only can reconfiguration of the FPGA be performed by the user, but it can also be done at the factory in such a way as to be transparent to a user programming the array. This can result in substantial yield improvement.
Multiphase coupled-buck converter-a novel high efficient 12 V voltage regulator module (2003)

The most popular VRM topology-multiphase buck converter operates at a very small duty cycle due to a high input voltage and a low output voltage. The performance of the multiphase buck converter suffers from the very small duty cycle. Alternative topologies with an extended duty cycle are explored in order to improve the efficiency without compromising the transient response. A novel topology named multiphase coupled-buck converter is proposed, which enables the use of a large duty cycle with recovered leakage energy and clamped MOSFET voltage. The input filter is further integrated in the proposed circuit to reduce the number of components. A 12 V-to-1.5 V/50 A VRM prototype demonstrates that the multiphase coupled buck converter can have a much better efficiency than the multiphase buck converter with the same transient response.
Abstract P4-06-07: Expression of growth hormone releasing hormone receptor ( GHRH-R ) in primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas (2015)

Abstract In addition to its nominative function as a neurohormone acting on the pituitary, Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) has been shown to modify the growth behavior of numerous cancers, including breast. GHRH is produced by tumor cells, acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and requires the presence of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) on the tumor cells to exert its effects. As this work has been done predominantly on tumor cell lines and xenografts, we set out to examine the clinical analog. Matched primary and metachronous metastases from 50 breast cancers were included in this study of GHRH-R in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry for GHRH-R (AbCam) was performed on paraffin sections and the staining results were assessed semi quantitatively from 0 (negative) to 3+ (strongly positive). A section from normal pituitary was used as positive control. Forty-three of the primary breast cancers (86%) that ultimately relapsed or metastasized showed moderate to strong immunohistochemical expression of GHRH-R. Tumors from the metastatic foci also showed strong immunoreactivity in 78%, 71%, and 44% of liver, brain, and bone foci, respectively. The lower intensity of staining in bone samples may be due to the effect of the decalcification process routinely performed before staining. Whenever present, the non-neoplastic glands adjacent to breast tumors showed either negative or 1+ reaction for GHRH-R. We conclude that the great majority of mammary carcinomas at primary and metastatic sites express GHRH-R. This finding could potentially serve as a basis for therapeutic approaches using peptide receptor antagonists. By receptor blockade using GHRH receptor antagonists, with minimal pharmacologic side-effects, we have been able to control the growth in a number of tumor cell lines (HCC1806, MDAMB468, MDAMB435S, MCF7, T47D, HCC1937, BT474, and MX1s). Based on the presence of GHRH receptors in these clinical tumors, we conclude that clinical trials evaluating GHRH receptor antagonists are indicated. Citation Format: Mehrad Nadji, Norman L Block, Andrew V Shally, Jonathan Lara, Rick Michaelson, Suhail M Ali, Kim Leitzel, Syed M Rizvi, Mhd Yaser Al-Marrawi, Allan Lipton. Expression of growth hormone releasing hormone receptor ( GHRH-R ) in primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-07.
Neutralization of slow multicharged ions at a clean gold surface: Total electron yields (1993)

Total slow-electron (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{e}}$\ensuremath{\le}60 eV) yields as derived from measured electron-emission statistics are presented for impact of various slow (${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{p}}$\ensuremath{\le}${10}^{5}$ m/s) multicharged ions (${\mathrm{N}}^{5+}$,${\mathrm{N}}^{6+}$,${\mathrm{Ne}}^{5+}$--${\mathrm{Ne}}^{10+}$, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{5+}$--${\mathrm{Ar}}^{16+}$, ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{5+}$--${\mathrm{Kr}}^{10+}$, ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{6+}$,${\mathrm{Xe}}^{8+}$,${\mathrm{Xe}}^{10+}$, and ${\mathrm{I}}^{16+}$,${\mathrm{I}}^{20+}$,${\mathrm{I}}^{23+}$,${\mathrm{I}}^{25+}$) on atomically clean polycrystalline gold. The experimental data can successfully be modeled by classical over-barrier-type calculations, in which way three different electron-emission processes have been identified, i.e., autoionization of the transiently neutralized projectile (``hollow atom'') on its approach toward the surface, promotion into vacuum of electrons captured by the projectile, and ``peeling off'' of electrons remaining bound in highly excited states until projectile impact on the surface. The relative importance of these three processes depends strongly both on projectile species and impact velocity.
Infinite Wavelength Resonant Antennas With Monopolar Radiation Pattern Based on Periodic Structures (2007)

The analysis of resonant-type antennas based on the fundamental infinite wavelength supported by certain periodic structures is presented. Since the phase shift is zero for a unit-cell that supports an infinite wavelength, the physical size of the antenna can be arbitrary; the antenna's size is independent of the resonance phenomenon. The antenna's operational frequency depends only on its unit-cell and the antenna's physical size depends on the number of unit-cells. In particular, the unit-cell is based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial transmission line (TL). It is shown that the CRLH TL is a general model for the required unit-cell, which includes a nonessential series capacitance for the generation of an infinite wavelength. The analysis and design of the required unit-cell is discussed based upon field distributions and dispersion diagrams. It is also shown that the supported infinite wavelength can be used to generate a monopolar radiation pattern. Infinite wavelength resonant antennas are realized with different number of unit-cells to demonstrate the infinite wavelength resonance
New concepts in the treatment of distal radius fractures. (2010)

Fracture of the distal radius is the type of fracture most commonly seen in emergency departments. The understanding of nonsurgical and surgical care of distal radius fractures is evolving with recently developed methods of fixation. It is worthwhile to review some new methods of treatment, the role of bone grafting and synthetic substitutes, the principles of complex fracture management, and the treatment of common complications of distal radius fractures.
La prima tipografia mantovana (2005)

We report the first fully numerical approach for relativistic quantum chemical calculations applicable to molecules. The approach uses an adaptive basis of multiwavelet functions to solve the full four-component Dirac-Coulomb equation to a user-specified accuracy. The accuracy of the code is demonstrated by comparison with ground state energy calculations of atoms performed in GRASP, and the applicability to molecules is shown via ground state calculations of some simple molecules, including water analogs up to H<sub>2</sub>Po. In the case of molecules, comparison is made with Gaussian basis set calculations in DIRAC.
Efficient broadcast with forward node set in clustered mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

The clustered architecture of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) has the virtue of keeping the node information locally which is suitable for scalability. Reducing broadcast redundancy can avoid the broadcast storm problem and save scarce resources such as bandwidth and energy. We propose an approach that chooses a subset of nodes, called forward node set, to relay the broadcast packet. Each clusterhead computes its forward node set that connects its adjacent clusterheads. A non-clusterhead node just relays the broadcast packet if it is selected as a forward node or else it does nothing. Therefore, the broadcast operation can be restricted only to clusterheads and nodes in locally selected forward node sets. We also utilize the information of clusterheads that are piggybacked with the broadcast packet to further reduce each forward node set. Simulation shows its performance improvement against other broadcast algorithms.
Image quality assessment for teledermatology: from consumer devices to a dedicated medical device (2017)

Aging population as well as growing incidence of type 2 diabetes induce a growing incidence of chronic skin disorders. In the meantime, chronic shortage of dermatologists leaves some areas underserved. Remote triage and assistance to homecare nurses (known as “teledermatology”) appear to be promising solutions to provide dermatological valuation in a decent time to patients wherever they live. Nowadays, teledermatology is often based on consumer devices (digital tablets, smartphones, webcams) whose photobiological and electrical safety levels do not match with medical devices’ levels. The American Telemedicine Association (ATA) has published recommendations on quality standards for teledermatology. This “quick guide” does not address the issue of image quality which is critical in domestic environments where lighting is rarely reproducible. Standardized approaches of image quality would allow clinical trial comparison, calibration, manufacturing quality control and quality insurance during clinical use. Therefore, we defined several critical metrics using calibration charts (color and resolution charts) in order to assess image quality such as resolution, lighting uniformity, color repeatability and discrimination of key couples of colors. Using such metrics, we compared quality of images produced by several medical devices (handheld and video-dermoscopes) as well as by consumer devices (digital tablet and cameras) widely spread among dermatologists practice. Since diagnosis accuracy may be impaired by “low quality-images”, this study highlights that, from an optical point of view, teledermatology should only be performed using medical devices. Furthermore, a dedicated medical device should probably be developed for the time follow-up of skin lesions often managed in teledermatology such as chronic wounds that require i) noncontact imaging of ii) large areas of skin surfaces, both criteria that cannot be matched using dermoscopes.
An Experimental Investigation of Orthogonal Cutting Advanced Measurement Techniques and Machinability Aspects (2006)

An attempt to monitor the thermomechanical phenomena associated to an orthogonal cutting operation is presented. The experimental investigation deals with high speed planing tests performed on a crossbow system. Advanced supervision techniques were used for multiple purposes: mainly the observation of the chip formation process, the forces recording, a continuous deformation measurement, and a qualitative monitoring of the thermal phenomena. The tested material, a stainless steel declined in two grades of close but different compositions, allowed to dispose of interesting experimental issues to the steels machinability comparison, using the measured phenomena as indicators.
Children With Idiopathic Short Stature Are Poor Eaters and Have Decreased Body Mass Index (2005)

Our clinical, behavioral, and endocrinologic findings in patients with ISS point to an altered eating behavior that possibly contributes to their short stature.
A fast approximate algorithm for scaling down digital images in the DCT domain (2002)

We present a fast approximate algorithm for scaling down an image by a factor of two, when the input and output streams are both in the form of 8/spl times/8 discrete cosine transform (DCT) transform blocks, as with JPEG coded images. Roughly speaking, the algorithm requires 80% fewer operations than the naive algorithm of inverting the transform, scaling in the spatial domain, and transforming the resulting image.
Nickel-based catalysts for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose: A review (2022)

Nickel-based catalysts are currently the subject of intensive study in the search for novel electrode materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Their strong activity towards glucose electrooxidation and intrinsic resistance to chloride poisoning makes these catalysts ideal candidates for the development of affordable and stable glucose sensors. In this review, the mechanism of glucose electrooxidation at Ni electrodes is described, clarifying the effect of the different phases of Ni on their catalytic activity. Moreover, a brief background on chloride poisoning is provided, supplemented by computational studies. Furthermore, this article details the most intriguing compounds of Ni (selenides, sulfides, nitrates) and the analytical performance of the respective sensors. Additional focus points of this work are multimetallic nanosystems where Ni is a component, and the growing field of conductive metal organic frameworks with Ni centers. This review will be beneficial for researchers who aim at delving deeper into the potential of Ni-based materials for glucose sensing.
The influence of porogen type on the porosity, surface area and morphology of poly(divinylbenzene) PolyHIPE foams (2000)

The type of porogen added to the continuous phase of HIPEs containing divinylbenzene strongly influences the morphology of the resulting PolyHIPE foam. The cell size was reduced as the solvent became a better cosurfactant, as inferred from surface pressure measurements of films representative of each HIPE continuous phase. In addition, this caused the windows connecting adjacent cells to increase, to such an extent in two cases that the cellular morphology was apparently lost. The surface area increased as the solubility parameter of the solvent approached that of the polymer, however the materials with highest surface areas also had a non-cellular morphology and were very weak mechanically. This could be rectified by the use of mixtures of the solvents investigated, producing materials with surface areas up to 554 m2 g−1, a cellular morphology and good mechanical properties.
Non-Linear Effects in Ruthenium-Catalysed Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Atropisomeric Diphosphanes (1999)

A strong positive nonlinear effect (asymmetric amplification) was found to take place during asymmetric hydrogenations using chiral atropisomeric diphosphane–ruthenium catalysts. As an example, at atmospheric pressure the use of 50% ee BINAP to prepare [(binap)Ru(Br)2] give rise to a hydrogenated product with 91% ee. The influence of temperature and hydrogen pressure on this effect are presented. These nonlinear effects can be explained on the basis of a hydrogenation mechanism in which diastereomeric dimers as pre-catalytic species are present.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Two Triarylamine Organic Dyes Based on Truxene (2011)

The synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic performance of two new organic dyes, hexapropyltruxeneamino-rhodanine-3-acetic acid(MXD8) and hexapropyltruxeneamino-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene rhodanine-3-acetic acid(MXD9), were reported. The two dyes contain truxene-based triarylamine as electron donor and a rhodanine-3-acetic acid as electron acceptor. It is found that the two dyes exhibit broad absorption and high molar absorption coefficients. The ground and the excited state levels of the two dyes were determined by using the cyclic voltammetry and the optical absorption spectroscopy. The results show the HOMO and LUMO levels of two dyes are suitable for dye-sensitized solar cells. The dyes were applied into nanocrystalline TiO2 dye sensitized solar cells through standard operations. Under simulated AM 1.5 irradiation(100×10-3 W/cm2), MXD8 sensitized cell afforded a short-circuit photocurrent density(JSC) of 5.76×10-3 A/cm2, an open circuit voltage(VOC) of 614 mV, and a fill factor(FF) of 0.66, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency(η) of 2.33%. In contrast, though 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT) unit was introduced as the π-bridge, MXD9 sensitized cell gave a lower efficiency of 1.72%. A significantly larger extent of charge recombination between the injection electron and I2 and/or I-3 acceptor species was found for MXD9 dyes than MXD8 dyes based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, consequently, leading to a lower efficiency. These results suggest that the charge recombination may be correlated to the increased polarizability of the larger truxene-based triarylamine dyes. From our findings, we propose that the functionalized-truxene is a promising donor unit for the future development of organic sensitizers.
Prototypic Enhanced Risk Monitor Framework and Evaluation - Advanced Reactor Technology Milestone: M3AT-15PN2301054 (2015)

This research report summaries the development and evaluation of a prototypic enhanced risk monitor (ERM) methodology (framework) that includes alternative risk metrics and uncertainty analysis. This updated ERM methodology accounts for uncertainty in the equipment condition assessment (ECA), the prognostic result, and the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model. It is anticipated that the ability to characterize uncertainty in the estimated risk and update the risk estimates in real time based on equipment condition assessment (ECA) will provide a mechanism for optimizing plant performance while staying within specified safety margins. These results (based on impacting active component O&M using real-time equipment condition information) are a step towards ERMs that, if integrated with AR supervisory plant control systems, can help control O&M costs and improve affordability of advanced reactors.
Exploring Code Style Transfer with Neural Networks (2022)

Style is a significant component of natural language text, reflecting a change in the tone of text while keeping the underlying information the same. Even though programming languages have strict syntax rules, they also have style. Code can be written with the same functionality but using different language features. However, programming style is difficult to quantify, and thus as part of this work, we define style attributes, specifically for Python. To build a definition of style, we utilized hierarchical clustering to capture a style definition without needing to specify transformations. In addition to defining style, we explore the capability of a pre-trained code language model to capture information about code style. To do this, we fine-tuned pre-trained code-language models and evaluated their performance in code style transfer tasks.
Three Lambs (1999)

Little Michael rose before dawn. He tried to make as little noise as possible. He ate two slices of bread and butter and drank a cup of milk, although he hated cold milk with bread and butter in the morning. But on an occasion like this, what did it matter what a boy ate? He was going out to watch the black sheep having a lamb. His father had mentioned the night before that the black sheep was sure to lamb that morning, and of course there was a prize, three pancakes, for the first one who saw the lamb.KeywordsBrown SpotHeart BeatingFarm LabourerSharp PointVillage SchoolThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Structural studies on retrograded normal and waxy corn starches. (1983)

To determine the structure of retrograded starch, 10% solutions of normal-and waxy corn starches were treated by repeated freeze-thaw cycles to obtain extremely retrograded starch samples . These starch samples were examined for the determination of the degree of gelatinization, iodine binding, acid and enzyme hydrolysis etc. The residual carbohydrates after acid and enzyme treatment were completely different from each other in molecular weight and shape, determined by the gel filtration of Toyopearl HW-50. We proposed three different domains (A, B and C) existing in retrograded starch, which are schematically illustrated in the text .
A practical query-by-humming system for a large music database (2000)

A music retrieval system that accepts hummed tunes as queries is described in this paper. This system uses similarity retrieval because a hummed tune may contain errors. The retrieval result is a list of song names ranked according to the closeness of the match. Our ultimate goal is that the correct song should be first on the list. This means that eventually our system's similarity retrieval should allow for only one correct answer.
Modelling the architecture of large RNA molecules: a three-dimensional model for group I ribozymes (1992)

Abstract Approaches for modelling proteins and nucleic acids are discussed in parallel. While knowledge-based modelling is nowadays the most powerful method for proteins, it is yet inadequate for nucleic acids. For modelling nucleic acids, especially RNA molecules, one has to rely either on chemical and enzymatic probing at the nucleotide level or on comparative sequence analysis if enough sequences with appropriate randomness are available. With either method, one can hopefully obtain sufficient information not only for determining the 2D structure but also for constructing the 3D architecture of complex RNA molecules. ‘ The application of comparative sequence analysis together with graphic modelling to group I ribozymes is presented.
Experimental results of an X‐band MMIC Doherty power amplifier (2011)

Abstract This letter deals with a GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) Doherty power amplifier (DPA) for X‐band systems.To the best of authors' knowledge, it represents the first DPA realization in the X‐band frequency range. Experimental results showed a 30‐dBm saturated output power and a drain efficiency greater than 53% at 9.5 GHz. Moreover, in the 6‐dB power back‐off (from 18 to 24 dBm input power), an amplitude modulation (AM/AM) distortion lower than 1 dB is also demonstrated with an average efficiency greater than 50%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2665‐2668, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26306
VP-14637 ViroPharma. (2000)

VP-14637 is the lead compound in a series of low molecular weight viral replication inhibitors which are under preclinical investigation by ViroPharma for the potential treatment of RSV infection [322651]. Phase I trials designed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic prpfile of VR-14637 in healthy human volunteers have begun [385870]. VP-14637 is most active against pneumoviruses and the available data suggest that it is an inhibitor of RSV viral fusion activity [363716], [361097].