gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal Brain Response to Propofol in Advance of Recovery from Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (2016)

Up to 40% of individuals with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) actually might be conscious. Recent attempts to detect covert consciousness in behaviorally unresponsive patients via neurophysiological patterns are limited by the need to compare data from brain-injured patients to healthy controls. In this report, we pilot an alternative within-subject approach by using propofol to perturb the brain state of a patient diagnosed with UWS. An auditory stimulation series was presented to the patient before, during, and after exposure to propofol while high-density electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded. Baseline analysis revealed residual markers in the continuous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) that have been associated with conscious processing. However, these markers were significantly distorted by the patient's pathology, challenging the interpretation of their functional significance. Upon exposure to propofol, changes in EEG characteristics were similar to what is seen in healthy individuals and ERPs associated with conscious processing disappeared. At the 1-month follow up, the patient had regained consciousness. We offer three alternative explanations for these results: (1) the patient was covertly consciousness, and was anesthetized by propofol administration; (2) the patient was unconscious, and the observed EEG changes were a propofol-specific phenomenon; and (3) the patient was unconscious, but his brain networks responded normally in a way that heralded the possibility of recovery. These alternatives will be tested in a larger study, and raise the intriguing possibility of using a general anesthetic as a probe of brain states in behaviorally unresponsive patients.
Proteomic DIGE analysis of the mitochondria‐enriched fraction from aged rat skeletal muscle (2009)

Skeletal muscle aging is associated with a loss in tissue mass and contractile strength, as well as fiber type shifting and bioenergetic adaptation processes. Since mitochondria represent the primary site for energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation, we investigated potential changes in the expression pattern of the mitochondrial proteome using the highly sensitive DIGE approach. The comparative analysis of the mitochondria-enriched fraction from young adult versus aged muscle revealed an age-related change in abundance for 39 protein species. MS technology identified the majority of altered proteins as constituents of muscle mitochondria. An age-dependent increase was observed for NADH dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial inner membrane protein mitofilin, peroxiredoxin isoform PRX-III, ATPase synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial fission protein Fis1, succinate-coenzyme A ligase, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, porin isoform VDAC2, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core I protein and prohibitin. Immunoblotting, enzyme testing and confocal microscopy were used to validate proteomic findings. The DIGE-identified increase in key mitochondrial elements during aging agrees with the concept that sarcopenia is associated with a shift to a slower contractile phenotype and more pronounced aerobic-oxidative metabolism. This suggests that mitochondrial markers are reliable candidates that should be included in the future establishment of a biomarker signature of skeletal muscle aging.
Classifying DDoS packets in high-speed networks (2006)

\n\t\t\t\t\tRecently high-speed networks have been utilized by attackers as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack infrastructure. Services on high-speed networks also have been attacked by successive waves of the DDoS attacks. How to sensitively and accurately detect the attack traffic, and quickly filter out the attack packets are still the major challenges in DDoS defense. Unfortunately most current defense approaches can not efficiently fulfill these tasks. Our approach is to find the network anomalies by using neural network and classify DDoS packets by a Bloom filter-based classifier (BFC). BFC is a set of spaceefficient data structures and algorithms for packet classification. The evaluation results show that the simple complexity, high classification speed and accuracy and low storage requirements of this classifier make it not only suitable for DDoS filtering in high-speed networks, but also suitable for other applications such as string matching for intrusion detection systems and IP lookup for programmable routers.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Design of Optical Flow Switched network with Generalized Survivable Network (2010)

Generalized Survivable Network (GSN) can improve the performance of Optical Flow Switched (OFS) network in short flow (<;1 sec) scenario. We solve the design problem of OFS network with GSN for arbitrary mesh topologies. The framework is generic and achieves significant savings compared with the typical algorithm.
Dual roles of ATM in the.cellular se to radiation and m cell respon control (1996)

The gene mutated in ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) patients, denoted ATM, encodes a putative protein or lipid kinase. To elucidate the functions of ATM, we disrupted the mouse ATM gene through homologous recombination in mice. Consistent with cellular defects of AT patients, the ATM -/- cells are hypersensitive to T-irradiation and defective in cell-cycle arrest following radiation, correlating with a defective up-regulation of p53. In addition, ATM -/- mouse thymocytes are more resistant to apoptosis induced by ~/-irradiation than normal thymocytes. ATM -/- fibroblasts are inefficient in G~ to S-phase progression following serum stimulation and senesce after only a few passages in culture. They have an increased constitutive level of p21 on'l/wAr1. The ATM protein is therefore critical both for cellular responses to ionizing radiation and for normal cell-cycle progression. A TM +/- fibroblasts and thymocytes showed intermediately defective responses to irradiation but no growth defect, suggesting that the increased cancer risk of AT heterozygotes could be attributable to poor checkpoint function.
Pricing education in the United States of America: responding to the needs of business (1998)

In the affluent 1960s and 1970s, consumers tended to be price insensitive. Business consequently placed a low priority on pricing, and marketing educators in the USA responded by stressing the non‐price elements of the marketing mix. As a result, when consumers became more price sensitive in the 1980s and 1990s, and business became more concerned about pricing, marketing was not involved. Now, however, marketing educators are beginning to respond to the renewed emphasis on price as a key component in consumers’ perceived value. A new study shows an increase from 4 to 13 percent of US marketing education programs now including a course in pricing; another 22 percent are interested in adding one within two years.
Peculiar pathological, radiological and clinical features of skull‐base de‐differentiated chordomas. Results from a referral centre case–series and literature review (2019)

Skull-base de-differentiated chordomas are extremely rare and aggressive neoplasms with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging, surgical and histological features. Therefore, an early and accurate histological diagnosis is of paramount relevance. Molecular analysis appears promising to define mechanisms involved in tumour de-differentiation.
Morandi y Zurbarán (1965)

Georgio Morandi es un pintor italiano contemporaneo en fecha y obra cuya evocacion va asociada facilmente, entre sus paisanos, con el fundamental y reiterado elemento de composicion en el mundo plastico del artista: las botellas. Los frascos y los tarros, multiples de formas y sentidos, ocupan el epicentro indesplazable de su expresion creadora. De apunte en apunte, de lienzo en lienzo, se puede revisar su obra como una estanteria de rebotica. No vereis nada mas que botellas. Acaso, una flor, que no es flor sino su espiritu inerte.
Novel Modification of Lipid A of Francisella tularensis (2004)

We have investigated the lipid A of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strain 1547-57, a type B strain, by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, nanoelectrospray quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. In accordance with the previously published structures of the lipid A from F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) (ATCC 29684) (E. Vinogradov et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 269:6112-6118, 2002), all of the major lipid A forms from strain 1547-57 were tetraacylated. As in the LVS strain, the major fatty acids detected in the F. tularensis 1547-57 lipid A sample included 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid. However, several of the lipid A components present in strain 1547-57 were of higher molecular weight than the previously published structures. A major component with an M(r) of 1,666 was found to contain three C(18:0)(3-OH) fatty acids, one C(16:0) fatty acid, one phosphate group, and one 161-Da moiety. This 161-Da moiety could be removed from the lipid A by treatment with aqueous hydrofluoric acid and was identified as galactosamine following peracetylation and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detailed investigations of the M(r)-1,666 species by ion-trap mass spectrometry with multiple stages of fragmentation suggested that the galactosamine-1-phosphate was linked to the reducing terminus of the lipid A. Similar to the modification of lipid A with arabinosamine, lipopolysaccharide species from F. tularensis containing a phosphate-linked galactosamine could potentially influence its intracellular survival by conferring resistance to antimicrobial peptides.
GEN: Highly Efficient SMILES Explorer Using Autodidactic Generative Examination Networks (2019)

Recurrent neural networks have been widely used to generate millions of de novo molecules in a known chemical space. These deep generative models are typically setup with LSTM or GRU units and trained with canonical SMILES. In this study, we introduce a new robust architecture, Generative Examination Network GEN, based on bidirectional RNNs with concatenated sub-models to learn and generate molecular SMILES within a trained target space. GENs autonomously learn the target space in a few epochs while being subjected to an independent online examination to measure the quality of the generated set. Here we have used online statistical quality control (SQC) on the percentage of valid molecular SMILES as examination measure to select the earliest available stable model weights. Very high levels of valid SMILES (95-98%) can be generated using multiple parallel encoding layers in combination with SMILES augmentation using unrestricted SMILES randomization. Our architecture combines an excellent novelty rate (85-90%) while generating SMILES with strong conservation of the property space (95-99%). Our flexible examination mechanism is open to other quality criteria.
External Magnetic Field Reduction Techniques for the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (2013)

The authors encountered two cases of gastrointestinal complication caused by ingested magnetic beads. Because of the magnetic property, the steel beads, components of bracelets or necklaces worn for naturalistic healing power, have caused perforations, fistula formation, and obstruction. The authors believe the public should be warned of the health hazard of such devices.
Thermally activated, light-induced electron-spin-resonance spin density reflected by photocurrents in a perovskite solar cell (2019)

Light-induced electron-spin-resonance (LESR) spin density in a perovskite solar cell (PSC) is ascribed to photo-induced charges accumulated at the interface of the perovskite and the hole transport layer (HTL). The LESR spin density was observed to be decreased as the temperature was lowered from room temperature to 170 K in a PSC; below ∼170 K, no LESR was found. Meanwhile, the photocurrent showed only an ∼25% decrease between room temperature and 170 K. The comparison of LESR in temperature-dependence with transient or steady photocurrents suggested that the decrease in photocurrent at the low temperatures stems mainly from trapping of delocalized holes at the interface of perovskite and HTL.
Development of 230–270 nm AlGaN‐based deep‐UV LEDs (2010)

Abstract We demonstrated AlGaN multi‐quantum well (MQW) deep‐ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelengths in the range of 227.5 to 273 nm fabricated on high‐quality AlN buffers on sapphire substrates grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We realized crack‐free, thick AlN buffers on sapphire with a low threading dislocation density (TDD) and an atomically flat surface by using the ammonia (NH 3 ) pulse‐flow multilayer (ML) growth technique. We obtained single‐peaked operation of an AlGaN‐MQW LED with a wavelength of 227.5 nm, which is the shortest wavelength of AlGaN‐based LED on sapphire. The maximum output power and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the 261‐ and 227.5‐nm LEDs were 1.65 mW and 0.23% in room‐temperature (RT) continuous‐wave (CW) operation, and 0.15 mW and 0.2% in RT pulsed operation, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(3): 24–33, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10197
Unplanned ICU Admission From Hospital Wards After Rapid Response Team Review in Australia and New Zealand (2020)

In Australia and New Zealand, hospital ward patients admitted to ICU following rapid response team review represent the majority of ward-based ICU admissions, are more chronically and acutely ill, and more frequently have sepsis than those admitted from the ward without rapid response team review. Their unadjusted outcomes are worse, but after adjustment their mortality is similar.
Potent Cytotoxic Lignans from Justicia procumbens and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in Mouse Macrophages (2002)

A new lignan glycoside, 4-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1' "-->2' ')-beta-D-apiofuranosyldiphyllin (2), named procumbenoside A, and 11 known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Justicia procumbens. The structure of 2 was established by spectral analysis and chemical methods. The known compounds justicidin A (1), diphyllin (3), and tuberculatin (4) showed potent cytotoxic effects against a number of cancer cells in vitro. Compounds 1 and 4 also strongly enhanced tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) generation from mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Human Infections with Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–producingEscherichia coli, Switzerland, 2000–2009 (2011)

We characterized 97 non-O157 Shiga toxin (stx)-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from human patients during 2000-2009 from the national reference laboratory in Switzerland. These strains belonged to 40 O:H serotypes; 4 serotypes (O26:H11/H-, O103:H2, O121:H19, and O145:H28/H-) accounted for 46.4% of the strains. Nonbloody diarrhea was reported by 23.2% of the patients, bloody diarrhea by 56.8%. Hemolytic uremic syndrome developed in 40.0% of patients; serotype O26:H11/H- was most often associated with this syndrome. Forty-five (46.4%) strains carried stx2 genes only, 36 strains (37.1%) carried stx1, and 16 (16.5%) strains carried stx1 and stx2. Genes encoding enterohemolysin and intimin were detected in 75.3% and 70.1% of the strains, respectively. Resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial agent was present in 25 isolates. High genetic diversity within strains indicates that non-O157 stx-producing E. coli infections in Switzerland most often occurred as single cases.
Supplementary Figure and Table from Genetic Variability of Smoking Persistence in African Americans (2023)

Supplementary Figure and Table from Genetic Variability of Smoking Persistence in African Americans
Biosynthetic origin of butyrolactol A, an antifungal polyketide produced by a marine-derived Streptomyces (2017)

Butyrolactol A is an antifungal polyketide of <i>Streptomyces</i> bearing an uncommon <i>tert</i>-butyl starter unit and a polyol system in which eight hydroxy/acyloxy carbons are contiguously connected. Except for its congener butyrolactol B, there exist no structurally related natural products to date. In this study, inspired by our previous genomic analysis, incorporation of <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>2</sup>H-labeled precursors into butyrolactol A was investigated. Based on the labeling pattern and sequencing analytical data, we confirmed that the <i>tert</i>-butyl group is derived from valine and its <i>C</i>-methylation with methionine and the polyol carbons are derived from a glycolysis intermediate, possibly hydroxymalonyl-ACP.
Intrinsic Novobiocin Resistance in Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2007)

Intrinsic novobiocin resistance in Staphylococcus saprophyticus was associated with expression of a novobiocin-resistant form of the drug target protein (GyrB). Site-directed mutagenesis established that resistance depends upon the presence of two specific amino acid residues in GyrB: a glycine at position 85 and a lysine at position 140.
Dynamics of evanescent matter waves in negative-index media (2010)

Abstract\nnumbers: 03.75.-b Matter Waves 03.75.Be Atom and Neutron Optics 37.10.Gh Atom Traps and Guides 42.25.-p Wave Optics ABSTRACT Semi-evanescent and evanescent matter-waves produced by an atom wave packet impinging a repulsive barrier can be back-refracted and reconstructed by the application of negative-index " comoving " potential pulses. One shows that those collapses and revivals generate a matter wave confined on both sides of the barrier border (" surface matter wave ") and should be observable via the retardation of atom reflection from the barrier interface. This property, joined to the possibility recently demonstrated of inducing negative refraction of atom waves, makes such potentials a matter-wave counterpart of negative-index materials or " meta materials " well-known in light optics.
The accumulation mechanism of the hypoxia imaging probe “FMISO” by imaging mass spectrometry: possible involvement of low-molecular metabolites (2015)

(18)F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) has been widely used as a hypoxia imaging probe for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET). FMISO is believed to accumulate in hypoxic cells via covalent binding with macromolecules after reduction of its nitro group. However, its detailed accumulation mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the chemical forms of FMISO and their distributions in tumours using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), which visualises spatial distribution of chemical compositions based on molecular masses in tissue sections. Our radiochemical analysis revealed that most of the radioactivity in tumours existed as low-molecular-weight compounds with unknown chemical formulas, unlike observations made with conventional views, suggesting that the radioactivity distribution primarily reflected that of these unknown substances. The IMS analysis indicated that FMISO and its reductive metabolites were nonspecifically distributed in the tumour in patterns not corresponding to the radioactivity distribution. Our IMS search found an unknown low-molecular-weight metabolite whose distribution pattern corresponded to that of both the radioactivity and the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. This metabolite was identified as the glutathione conjugate of amino-FMISO. We showed that the glutathione conjugate of amino-FMISO is involved in FMISO accumulation in hypoxic tumour tissues, in addition to the conventional mechanism of FMISO covalent binding to macromolecules.
The UNET-2 modem &#x2014; An extensible tool for underwater networking research (2012)

Several decades of research in underwater communication and networking has resulted in novel and innovative solutions to combat challenges such as long delay spread, rapid channel variation, significant Doppler, high levels of non-Gaussian noise, limited bandwidth and long propagation delays. Many of the physical layer solutions can be tested by transmitting carefully designed signals, recording them after passing through the underwater channel, and then processing them offline using appropriate algorithms. However some solutions requiring online feedback to the transmitter cannot be tested without real-time processing capability in the field. Protocols and algorithms for underwater networking also require real-time communication capability for experimental testing. Although many modems are commercially available, they provide limited flexibility in physical layer signaling and sensing. They also provide limited control over the exact timing of transmission and reception, which can be critical for efficient implementation of some networking protocols with strict time constraints. To aid in our physical and higher layer research, we developed the UNET-2 software-defined modem with flexibility and extensibility as primary design objectives. We present the hardware and software architecture of the modem, focusing on the flexibility and adaptability that it provides researchers with. We describe the network stack that the modem uses, and show how it can also be used as a powerful tool for underwater network simulation. We illustrate the flexibility provided by the modem through a number of practical examples and experiments.
Adrenomedullin augments nitric oxide and tetrahydrobioptein synthesis in cytokine-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (1999)

These results suggest that AM increases IL-1-induced NO and BH4 synthesis by enhancing the expression of iNOS and GTPCH genes at the post-transcriptional level. Thus, the potentiating effect of AM on NO synthesis appears to be associated with an increased expression of both genes necessary for cellular NO synthesis in VSMC.
Isotope effects in MNOS transistors (1985)

This letter presents arguments for the experimental verification of deuterium as the primary agent in forming "effective" traps in hydrogenated silicon nitride layers in metal-nitride oxide semiconductor (MNOS) transistors. Results presented show significant improvement in charge storage as a result of the substitution of deuterium for hydrogen.
One pot synthesis of bi-linker stabilised CdSe quantum dots (2010)

In this study we exploited the classic Murray's synthesis for generating a hydrophilic CdSe quantum dot system in a single step procedure, with the aim of directly obtaining a material responding to the characteristic of polarity required in many end applications. 6-phosphonohexanoic acid was used as both ligand for generating the active monomer during the synthesis of the quantum dots and final stabiliser. Diffraction measurements identified the cubic phase of cadmium selenide. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed non-stoichiometric quantum dots, being the Cd/Se ratio 60/40. This feature suggests a configuration in which Cd2+ ions are present on the nanocrystal surface. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform analysis was applied in order to investigate the structure of the quantum dot system: the results indicate a configuration in which the carboxylic function of 6-phosphonohexanoic acid establishes only a partial interaction with the quantum dot surface, being set in a pseudo-ester configuration.
Theory of thermotropic polymer liquid crystals (2001)

The thermal nematic system consisting of semiflexible polymer liquid crystal chains is considered. Orientational order for liquid crystal particles and for chain as a whole in addition to the chain anisotropy parameters at the nematic-to-isotropic transition and in the stable nematic phase are considered. Results are obtained by extension of the Maier and Saupe theory of thermotropic liquid crystals on systems of semiflexible macromolecules.