gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins with exosomes (2004)

As the human tetraspanin CD81 binds hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2, we addressed the role CD81 may play in cellular trafficking of HCV envelope proteins. Studies on HCV life cycle are complicated by the lack of a robust cell culture system; we therefore transfected mammalian cells with HCV E1-E2 cDNA, with or without human CD81 (huCD81) cDNA. In the absence of huCD81, HCV envelope proteins are almost completely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, when huCD81 is present, a fraction of HCV envelope proteins passes through the Golgi apparatus, matures acquiring complex sugars and is found extracellularly associated with exosomes. These are 60-100-nm membrane vesicles enriched in tetraspanins, released into the extracellular milieu by many cell types and having fusogenic activity. We also report that human plasma contains exosomes and that in HCV patients, viral RNA is associated with these circulating vesicles. We propose that the HCV-CD81 complex leaves cells in the form of exosomes, circulates in this form and exploits the fusogenic capabilities of these vesicles to infect cells even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies.
Tilted Beam Fabry–Perot Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Broadband Low Backscattering (2021)

Communication with low radar signature platforms requires antennas with low backscatter, to uphold the low observability attribute of the platforms. In this work, we present the design for a Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity antenna with low monostatic radar cross section (RCS) and enhanced gain. In addition, peak radiation is tilted inthe elevation plane. This is achieved by incorporating phase gradient metasurface (PGM) with absorptive frequency selective surface (FSS). The periodic surface of metallic square loops with lumped resistors forms the absorptive surface, placed on top of a partially reflecting surface (PRS) with an intervening air gap. The double-sided PRS consists of uniform metallic patches etched in a periodic fashion on its upper side. The bottom surface consists of variable-sized metallic patches, to realize phase gradient. The superstrate assembly is placed at about half free space wavelength above the patch antenna resonating at 6.6 GHz. The antenna’s ground plane and PRS together construct the F-P cavity. A peak gain of 11.5 dBi is achieved at 13° tilt of the elevation plane. Wideband RCS reduction is achieved, spanning 5.6–16 GHz, for x- and y-polarizations of normally incident plane wave. The average RCS reduction is 13 dB. Simulation results with experimental verifications are presented.
ZigBee—Wireless PAN Technology— (2007)

パーソナルエリアネットワークのうち，特に低消費電力，低コストが要求されるユビキタスセンサネットワークの標準無線方式として，ZigBeeの解説を行う．まずユビキタスセンサネットワークの概要を示し，ZigBeeとその下位レイヤの国際標準であるIEEE802.15.4の解説を行う．
RETRIEVAL OF VEHICLE TRAJECTORIES AND ESTIMATION OF LANE GEOMETRY USING NON-STATIONARY TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS (2004)

A tracking system is presented for obtaining accurate vehicle trajectories using uncalibrated traffic surveillance cameras. Techniques for indexing and retrieval of vehicle trajectories and estimation of lane geometry are also presented. An algorithm known as Predictive Trajectory Merge-and-Split (PTMS) is used to detect partial or complete occlusions during object motion. This hybrid algorithm is based on the constant acceleration Kalman filter and a set of simple heuristics for temporal analysis. The resulting vehicle trajectories are modeled using variable low-order polynomials. A comparative evaluation of several distance metrics used in trajectory cluster analysis, indexing and retrieval is also presented. We propose some changes to metrics presented in previous work and make a comparative study with a modified form of the Hausdorff distance. Some preliminary results are presented on the estimation of lane geometry through K-means clustering of individual vehicle trajectories using the proposed metrics. An advantage of our approach is that estimation of lane geometry can be performed with non-stationary, uncalibrated traffic cameras in real time. 1.
Clinical significance of monocytosis and human monocytic colony-stimulating factor in patients with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. (1994)

We studied 79 patients with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and 11 human T-lymphotropic virus-type I (HTLV-I-carriers to investigate the clinical significance of absolute monocyte counts in peripheral blood. Monocytosis was observed in 20% of ATL patients, but in none of the HTLV-I carriers. ATL patients with absolute monocyte counts above 1.5 x 10(9)/l had a poorer prognosis than those with counts less than 1.5 x 10(9)/l. We also investigated serum levels of human monocytic colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) in 7 ATL patients and 11 HTLV-I carriers at the time of diagnosis before chemotherapy, and also in 5 normal healthy individuals. The differences among the 3 groups were not statistically significant. However, markedly increased serum hM-CSF levels were found in 3 ATL patients who were considered to be in the accelerated phase of the disease and 2 of whom were previously diagnosed and had received chemotherapy. There was no correlation between serum hM-CSF level and absolute monocyte count in ATL patients or HTLV-I carriers. The results of hM-CSF assay of supernatants of cultured ATL cells revealed that the ATL cells did not produce hM-CSF themselves. In an ATL patient with pleural involvement, the pleural hM-CSF level was lower than the serum level. These facts indicate that absolute monocyte count is one of the prognostic factors in ATL and the source of the elevated hM-CSF level in some patients with ATL is not ATL cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Urban-Area Segmentation Using Visual Words (2009)

In this letter, we address the problem of urban-area extraction by using a feature-free image representation concept known as ldquoVisual Words.rdquo This method is based on building a ldquodictionaryrdquo of small patches, some of which appear mainly in urban areas. The proposed algorithm is based on a new pixel-level variant of visual words and is based on three parts: building a visual dictionary, learning urban words from labeled images, and detecting urban regions in a new image. Using normalized patches makes the method more robust to changes in illumination during acquisition time. The improved performance of the method is demonstrated on real satellite images from three different sensors: LANDSAT, SPOT, and IKONOS. To assess the robustness of our method, the learning and testing procedures were carried out on different and independent images.
Hypocrellin B‐loaded, folate‐conjugated polymeric micelle for intraperitoneal targeting of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo (2018)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered an innovative and attractive modality to treat ovarian cancer. In the present study, a biodegradable polymer poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-poly (lactic acid)(PLA)-folate (FA-PEG-PLA) was prepared in order to synthesize an active-targeting, water-soluble and pharmacomodulated photosensitizer nanocarrier. Drug-loading content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro and in vivo release were characterized, in which hypocrellin B (HB)/FA-PEG-PLA micelles had a high encapsulation efficiency and much slower control release for drugs compared to free drugs (P < .05). To evaluate the targeting ability of the HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles, a cellular uptake study in vitro was carried out, which showed significantly enhanced uptake of HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles in SKOV3 (FR+) compared to A2780 cancer cells (FR-). The enhanced uptake of HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles to cancer cells resulted in a more effective post-PDT killing of SKOV3 cells compared to plain micelles and free drugs. Binding and uptake of HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles by SKOV3 cells were also observed in vivo after ip injection of folate-targeted micelles in tumor-bearing ascitic ovarian cancer animals. Drug levels in ascitic tumor tissues were increased 20-fold (P < .001), which underscored the effect of a regional therapy approach with folate targeting. Furthermore, the HB-loaded micelles were mainly distributed in kidney and liver (the main clearance organs) in biodistribution. These results showed that our newly developed PDT photosensitizer HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles have a high drug-loading capacity, good biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and enhanced targeting and antitumor effect, which is a potential approach to future targeting ovarian cancer therapy.
Transition-state analysis of a Vmax mutant of AMP nucleosidase by the application of heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects (1991)

The transition state of the Vmax mutant of AMP nucleosidase from Azotobacter vinelandii [Leung, H. B., & Schramm, V. L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12823-12829] has been characterized by heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects in the presence and absence of MgATP, the allosteric activator. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of AMP at approximately 2% of the rate of the normal enzyme with only minor changes in the Km for substrate, the activation constant for MgATP, and the Ki for formycin 5'-phosphate, a tight-binding competitive inhibitor. Isotope effects were measured as a function of the allosteric activator concentration that increases the turnover number of the enzyme from 0.006 s-1 to 1.2 s-1. The kinetic isotope effects were measured with the substrates [1'-3H]AMP, [2'-2H]AMP, [2'-2H]AMP, [9-15N]AMP, and [1',9-14C, 15N]AMP. All substrates gave significant kinetic isotope effects in a pattern that establishes that the reaction expresses intrinsic kinetic isotope effects in the presence or absence of MgATP. The kinetic isotope effect with [9-15N]AMP decreased from 1.034 +/- 0.002 to 1.021 +/- 0.002 in response to MgATP. The [1'-3H]AMP isotope effect increased from 1.086 +/- 0.003 to 1.094 +/- 0.002, while the kinetic isotope effect for [1',9-14C, 15N]AMP decreased from 1.085 +/- 0.003 to 1.070 +/- 0.004 in response to allosteric activation with MgATP. Kinetic isotope effects with [1'-14C]AMP and [2'-2H]AMP were 1.041 +/- 0.006 and 1.089 +/- 0.002 and were not changed by addition of MgATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The mechanism of PDT-induced electrical blockade: the measurement of intracellular Ca2+concentration changes in cardiac myocytes (2008)

We propose the application of early state photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treatment of atrial fibrillation, which is a kind of arrhythmia characterized by irregular rapid beating of heart. We had demonstrated that our PDT can block the propagation of electrical excitation in cardiac myocytes. However, the mechanism of the PDT-induced electrical blockade was not clear. In order to clarify this mechanism, changes in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration during the PDT with Talaporfin sodium (water soluble photosensitizer) were measured by fluorescence Ca<sup>2+</sup> indicator, fluo-4 AM. The PDT led to the rapid increase of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and the changes in cell shapes. These results indicated that extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> flowed into the cells mediated by cell membrane. Moreover, we found bubble generation in the cells after the PDT. In conclusion, the PDT-induced electrical blockade in myocytes can be caused by cell death following the bubble generation, which is accompanied by the increase in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration due to the cell membrane malfunction with the PDT.
Toward a generic evaluation of image segmentation (2005)

Image segmentation plays a major role in a broad range of applications. Evaluating the adequacy of a segmentation algorithm for a given application is a requisite both to allow the appropriate selection of segmentation algorithms as well as to tune their parameters for optimal performance. However, objective segmentation quality evaluation is far from being a solved problem. In this paper, a generic framework for segmentation evaluation is introduced after a brief review of previous work. A metric based on the distance between segmentation partitions is proposed to overcome some of the limitations of existing approaches. Symmetric and asymmetric distance metric alternatives are presented to meet the specificities of a wide class of applications. Experimental results confirm the potential of the proposed measures.
Molecular Recognition of a Three‐Way DNA Junction by a Metallosupramolecular Helicate (2006)

Dreifach passend: Ein metallosupramolekulares Helicat mit trigonal-antiprismatischer Form passt perfekt in den zentralen hydrophoben Hohlraum eines Drei-Wege-DNA-Knotenpunkts und ermöglicht so eine neue Art der DNA-Erkennung. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z503822_s.pdf or from the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
macroH2A2 shapes chromatin accessibility at enhancer elements in glioblastoma to modulate a targetable self-renewal epigenetic network (2021)

SUMMARY Self-renewal is a crucial property of glioblastoma cells and is enabled by the choreographed function of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. Identifying targetable epigenetic mechanisms of self-renewal could represent an important step toward developing new and effective treatments for this universally lethal cancer. Here we uncover a targetable epigenetic axis of self-renewal mediated by the histone variant macroH2A2. Using patient-derived in vitro and in vivo models, we show that macroH2A2 has a direct role in shaping chromatin accessibility at enhancer elements to antagonize transcriptional programs of self-renewal. Pharmaceutical inhibition of the chromatin remodeler Menin increased macroH2A2 levels and repressed self- renewal. Our results reveal a targetable epigenetic mechanism of self-renewal controlled by macroH2A2 and suggest new treatment approaches for glioblastoma patients. SIGNIFICANCE Glioblastoma is an incurable brain cancer. Malignant self-renewing cells have been shown to drive tumor growth, to be refractory to current treatment approaches and to seed relapses, which ultimately prove lethal. Identifying new and targetable mechanisms associated with self-renewal could be a fundamental first step in designing effective therapies that slow or prevent glioblastoma relapses. Using patient-derived models of glioblastoma, we deployed epigenomic approaches and functional assays to define the role of the histone variant macroH2A2 in repressing self-renewal. We identified compounds that increase macroH2A2 levels and repress self-renewal, including a Menin inhibitor. As Menin inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials, these compounds could be used in new therapeutic paradigms to target self-renewing cell populations in glioblastoma.
Design and analysis of a transport-level solution for content-centric VANETs (2013)

Vehicular networks, characterized by dynamic, short-lived and spotty connectivity, challenge the design of reliable and efficient content delivery protocols. By leveraging content names instead of IP addresses and by enabling in-network caching, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) reveals to be a promising paradigm for content retrieval and distribution on the road. The CCN architecture defines new operations to transfer named data objects, including naming, security, routing and transport schemes, that need proper design choices and deserve further investigation. In this paper, we focus on reliability issues addressed at the transport-level of a CCN architecture properly customized to be deployed on top of the IEEE 802.11p access technology in VANETs. After analysing the benefits of a segmentation/reassembly procedure to transfer named data objects, we design a scheme to manage retransmissions of lost content packets. We assess the effects of our proposed transport function on the content download performance and the usage of channel resources.
Preventing Surgical-Site Infections in Nasal Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus (2010)

The number of surgical-site S. aureus infections acquired in the hospital can be reduced by rapid screening and decolonizing of nasal carriers of S. aureus on admission. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN56186788.)
Order-of-evaluation analysis for destructive updates in strict functional languages with flat aggregates (1993)

The aggregate update problem in functional languages is concerned with detecting cases where a functional array or record update operation can be implemented destructively in constant time. Previous work on this moblem has as-
Ценностные ориентации молодежи КНР в условиях построения социалистической рыночной экономики (2003)

В статье на основе китайских научных источников, теорий видных китайских руководителей, таких, как Дэн Сяопин и др. освещается влияние различных факторов, в частности, экономических и политических изменений на ценностные оринтации молодежи КНР. Рассматривается поэтапное изменение общества и соответствующие этим этапам изменение ценностного сознания молодежи, его динамика. Обращается внимание на управление непротиворечивым сосуществованием индивидуалистских и коллективистских ценностей. Столкновения интересов, хотя присутствуют, в целом идеал стабилен, молодежные ценности не противоречат общественным, что позволяет китайскому обществу оставаться единым
Some chemistry of alkyl complexes of bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]iridium(I) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome chemistry of alkyl complexes of bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]iridium(I)Michael A. Lilga, Youn Soo. Sohn, and James A. IbersCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 4, 766–771Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/om00135a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (753 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Field Testing of Transit Vehicle Assist and Automation Technologies (2008)

This paper describes the field testing of strategies that can improve bus transportation. Vehicle Assist and Automation (VAA) can improve lateral ride smoothness, particularly at higher speeds, and can make it possible for buses to dock precisely at stations, so that wheelchair-bound riders can roll on or off the buses with a small gap between the bus floor and the loading platform at the station. Improved automatic steering can also help reduce right-of-way and busway construction costs by making it possible for buses to operate in lanes that are only slightly wider than the buses are themselves. This makes it possible for buses to use urban highways or former rail rights of way in high-density urban locations where no other rights of way may be available. Another technique, longitudinal control, is also very beneficial for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) buses to be able to stop at predetermined locations, to travel along the dedicated bus route with desired speed profile, and to couple electronically with each other to form a bus platoon (convoy). The authors report a recent test of magnetic guidance. They note that California PATH has pioneered magnetic guidance system and has implemented this technology on conventional transit buses.
Application of rigorous topography simulation for modeling of defect propagation/growth in VLSI fabrication (1997)

Particulate contamination deposited on silicon wafers is typically the dominant reason for yield loss in VLSI manufacturing. The transformation of contaminating particles into defects and then electrical faults is a very complex process which depends on the effect location, size, material and the underlying IC topography. A rigorous 2D topography simulator based on the photolithography simulator METROPOLE, has been developed to allow the prediction and correlation of the critical physical parameters of contamination in the manufacturing process to device defects. The results of a large number of defect samples simulated using the above approach were compared with data gathered from the AMD- Sunnyvale fabline. A good match was obtained indicating the accuracy of this method which provided a framework for developing contamination to defect propagation/growth macromodels.
Immunostimulating and Antimetastatic Effects of Polysaccharides Purified from Ginseng Berry (2019)

Ginseng root has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the enhancement of immune system function. The immunostimulatory effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides, however, remain unclear. Effects of polysaccharides from ginseng berry on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of tumors are reported. A crude polysaccharide was isolated from ginseng berry as a ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) and was further fractionated using gel filtration chromatography to obtain the three polysaccharide fractions GBPP-I, -II and -III. GBPP-I consisted of mainly galactose (46.9%) and arabinose (27.5%). GBPP-I showed a high dose-dependent anticomplementary activity. Stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by GBPP-I showed the greatest enhancement of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math> production. In addition, an <i>ex vivo</i> assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity showed that oral ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> administration of GBPP-I significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity in YAC-1 tumor cells and production of granzyme B. Prophylactic intravenous ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:math> administration of GBPP-I significantly and dose-dependently inhibited lung metastatic activity in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Depletion of NK cells after injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of GBPP-I on lung metastasis, indicating that NK cells play an important role in anticancer effects. GBPP-I exerts a strong immune-enhancing activity and can prevent cancer metastasis through activation of NK cells and other immune-related cells.