gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lens Model Analysis of Hemodynamic status in the critically III (1989)

The lens model recently has been extended to consider multiple outcomes and sequential use of clinical information. The authors have used this extended model 1) to describe the relationship between clinical information and physicians' assessments of hemodynamic status, 2) to describe the empirical relationship between clinical information and physiologic measures of hemodynamic status, and 3) to compare physicians' use of information with its empirical utility. Physicians prospectively provided estimates of cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure for 440 intensive care unit patients prior to right heart catheterization. The correlation between physicians' estimates and measured hemodynamic status was lower than that between clinical information and hemodynamic status (0.42 versus 0.67). Only 7% of physicians' judgement was related to subsequent ancillary testing. Empirically, subsequent ancillary testing contributed 30% to the explanation of hemodynamic status. The lens model describes limitations of physician judgement in estimating left ventricular function and helps explain how patient features relate to measured hemodynamic status.
An Animal Model for Trigeminal Neuralgia byCompression of the Trigeminal Nerve Root (2012)

The chronic compression of the trigeminal nerve root in rats effectively induced persistent orofacial neuropathic pain behaviors, and it would provide a novel and practical animal model for future research on the pathogenesis of TN.
CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D1.4 Initial Report on Advanced Multiple Antenna Systems (2008)

This deliverable captures the first set of best innovative concepts identified in the field of Advanced Multiple Antenna Systems for potential inclusion into the WINNER+ system concept. The concepts consist of promising principles or ideas as well as detailed innovative techniques. For each concept, the associated benefits as well as the corresponding requirements on the system architecture and protocols, measurements and signalling, are considered. The document involves two main tracks: development of new advanced antenna schemes in the context of conventional cellular networks, and a study of coordinated multipoint transmission and reception, where multiple network nodes cooperate to enhance system performance.
American College of Rheumatology Criteria at Inception, and Accrual over 5 Years in the SLICC Inception Cohort (2014)

In this international inception cohort of SLE patients with at least 4 ACR criteria at entry, there was an accumulation of ACR criteria over the following 5 years. The distribution of criteria both at inception and over 5 years is affected by sex and ethnicity.
Equalization of non-linear optical channels (2002)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of various linear and nonlinear equalizers for a high density optical channel. Since the read-out process is nonlinear, a suitable model based on the Volterra series has been adopted. We compare the performance and complexity of equalizers designed for linear and nonlinear channels. Specifically, the adaptive minimum mean square error (MSE), adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE), nonlinear adaptive Volterra equalizer (NAVE) and nonlinear adaptive decision feedback equalizer (NDFE) are analyzed, along with the maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE), which is considered as a reference. Simulations show that the performance of classical structures (MSE, DFE, MLSE) is significantly reduced by the nonlinear response and that the NAVE and NDFE achieve a performance close to the MLSE, with lower complexity.
Implementing the Internet Checksum in Hardware (1996)

This memo presents a techniques for efficiently implementing the Internet Checksum in hardware. It includes PLD code for programming a single, low cost part to perform checksumming at 1.26 Gbps. RFC 1936 Implementing the Internet Checksum in Hardware April 1996 A Review of the Internet Checksum The Internet Checksum is used for detecting corruption in a block of data [1]. It is initialized to zero, and computed as the complement of the ones-complement sum of the data, taken in 16-bit units. A subsequent checksum of the data and checksum together should generate a zero checksum if no errors are detected. The checksum allows [1]:
Prediction of Damage Progression in Notched Tensile Specimens: Comparison Between Two Intra-laminar Damage Models (2017)

In this work, two intralaminar damage models with different underlying assumptions are utilized to predict the damage response of notched composite laminates. One is a sub-laminate based continuum damage model, CODAM2, implemented in LS-DYNA, and the other is a ply-based damage model, ABQ_DLR_UD, that uses the Ladevèze damage model as its basis and is implemented as a user-material model (VUMAT) in Abaqus/Explicit. Aside from the base-formulations, different variations of the models including local and nonlocal integration (smearing) schemes are also considered. These models are employed to predict the damage response of Over-height compact tension (OCT) and scaled center-notched specimens made out of IM7/8552 CFRP laminates with quasi-isotropic layup. For each geometry and loading scenario, sensitivity of the predictions with respect to various damage parameters including peak stress and fracture energy as well as assumptions made on the shape of the strain-softening curve are investigated. The results shed light on the effect of various assumptions in these models on predicting damage progression in notched specimens.
Amplitude and chirp characterization of high-power laser pulses in the 5-fs regime (1999)

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) based on second-harmonic generation has been demonstrated to be capable of high-fidelity measurement of the electric-field envelope and of the temporal evolution of the instantaneous carrier frequency of 0.1-TW 5-fs pulses without the need for any correction for systematic experimental errors. At a 1-kHz repetition rate, pulse energies of a few microjoules are sufficient for reliable FROG characterization of pulses with durations down to the single-cycle regime. The results obtained reveal that carefully designed hollow-fiber chirped-mirror compressors are able to deliver high-power sub-10-fs pulses with a smooth Gaussianlike leading edge that has an intensity contrast of approximately 10(-2) .
Automatic acquisition of domain knowledge for Information Extraction (2000)

In developing an Information Extraction (IE) system for a new class of events or relations, one of the major tasks is identifying the many ways in which these events or relations may be expressed in text. This has generally involved the manual analysis and, in some cases, the annotation of large quantities of text involving these events. This paper presents an alternative approach, based on an automatic discovery procedure, EXDISCO, which identifies a set of relevant documents and a set of event patterns from un-annotaled text, starting from a small set of "seed patterns." We evaluate EXDISCO by comparing the performance of discovered patterns against that of manually constructed systems on actual extraction tasks.
Characterisation of a double tilted fiber Bragg grating using an electrowetting platform (2014)

We report a method of characterization and modification of the optical transmission properties of a double tilted Bragg grating structure by using a micro droplet translated on an electrowetting-on-dielectric platform. The droplet makes contact with the fiber cladding in the zone between the two gratings in the fiber. The change in optical transmission spectrum with droplet position was experimentally measured, and results are presented and discussed.
Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial keratitis (2007)

Corneal scrapings were collected from a case of keratitis and microbiological investigations done. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus epidermidis) was identified on culture, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. Treatment was started with topical cefazolin sulfate 5% and gatifloxacin 0.3%; this was subsequently changed to vancomycin 5% and tobramycin sulfate 1.3% based on the sensitivity pattern. The isolates of this bacterium were susceptible to vancomycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin, and resistance was present against moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefazolin. The case highlights the occurrence of keratitis caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus that is resistant to treatment with moxifloxacin.
Abstract WP275: Potential Cost Effectiveness of the Melbourne Mobile Stroke Unit (2020)

Background: Mobile stroke units (MSUs) are ambulances with brain scanning capability and specialised staff. In Australia, the first MSU was launched in Melbourne, November 2017. The Melbourne MSU has two paramedics, a radiographer, a stroke neurologist and a stroke nurse specialist (5 days per week/ 8am-6pm). The MSU is co-dispatched with a standard ambulance to a patient with suspected stroke within metropolitan Melbourne (20km radius). In cases where the standard ambulance assessed the patient first and stroke is eliminated, the MSU is contacted to ‘stand-down’. The cost-effectiveness of this type of ‘pre-hospital’ service remains unclear. Methods: The potential cost-effectiveness of the Melbourne MSU was estimated for 2018 following the pilot period (Nov-Dec 2017). A simulation model was developed for 2018 with a) program costs: operational/finance reports, self-report program leads/senior operational staff; b) clinical processes: MSU medical records/historical data; and c) health effects of treatment taken from the literature for reperfusion therapies to patients with ischaemic stroke (i.e. benefits: additional patients treated/faster treatment). Primary outcome: incremental cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) avoided. The comparison was to standard pre-hospital and emergency department historical ‘usual’ care. Probabilistic, multivariable uncertainty analyses with Monte Carlo (10,000) simulations and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: In 2018, the Melbourne MSU was dispatched for 1244 suspected strokes (200 operational days). Overall, 46.9 DALYs were potentially avoided (95% uncertainty interval 33.02, 82.15 DALYs). The net cost of operating the MSU was ~$US 980,000, and the incremental cost/DALY avoided was $US 20,681 compared to standard care (95% uncertainty interval $US 14,167, $US 32,214). Conclusion: The Melbourne MSU is a cost-effective model for stroke care based on a standard willingness-to-pay cost-effectiveness threshold (&lt;$US 50,000 per DALY avoided). Future adaptations to the operational model may improve the cost-effectiveness of this service.
Finite memory test response compactors for embedded test applications (2005)

This paper introduces a new class of finite memory compaction schemes called convolutional compactors (CCs). They provide compaction ratios of test responses in excess of 100/spl times/, even for a very small number of outputs. This is combined with the capability to detect multiple errors, handling of unknown states, and the ability to diagnose failing scan cells directly from compacted responses. The CCs can also be used to significantly enhance conventional multiple input signature registers. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate the efficiency of convolutional compaction for several industrial circuits.
Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign NIH Symposium: Challenging the Future of Research for Coma and Disorders of Consciousness (2021)

Coma and disorders of consciousness (DoC) are highly prevalent and constitute a burden for patients, families, and society worldwide. As part of the Curing Coma Campaign, the Neurocritical Care Society partnered with the National Institutes of Health to organize a symposium bringing together experts from all over the world to develop research targets for DoC. The conference was structured along six domains: (1) defining endotype/phenotypes, (2) biomarkers, (3) proof-of-concept clinical trials, (4) neuroprognostication, (5) long-term recovery, and (6) large datasets. This proceedings paper presents actionable research targets based on the presentations and discussions that occurred at the conference. We summarize the background, main research gaps, overall goals, the panel discussion of the approach, limitations and challenges, and deliverables that were identified.
Switching on the light: using metagenomic shotgun sequencing to characterize the intestinal microbiome of Atlantic cod (2019)

Abstract The biological roles of the intestinal microbiome and how it is impacted by environmental factors are yet to be determined in wild marine fish species. Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) is an ecologically important species with a wide-spread distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. 16S rRNA-based amplicon analyses found no geographical differentiation between the intestinal microbiome of Atlantic cod from different locations. Nevertheless, it is unclear if this lack of differentiation results from an insufficient resolution of this method to resolve fine-scaled biological complexity. Here, we take advantage of the increased resolution provided by metagenomic shotgun sequencing to investigate the intestinal microbiome of 19 adult Atlantic cod individuals from two coastal populations in Norway – located 470 km apart. Our results show that the intestinal microbiome is dominated by the Vibrionales order, consisting of varying abundances of Photobacterium, Aliivibrio and Vibrio species. Moreover, resolving the species community to unprecedented resolution, we identify two abundant species, P. iliopiscarium and P. kishitanii, which comprise over 50% of the classified reads. Interestingly, genomic data shows that the intestinal P. kishitanii strains have functionally intact lux genes, and its high abundance suggests that fish intestines form an important part of its ecological niche. These observations support a hypothesis that bioluminescence plays an ecological role in the marine food web. Despite our improved taxonomical resolution, we identify no geographical differences in bacterial community structure, indicating that the intestinal microbiome of these coastal cod is colonized by a limited number of closely related bacterial species with a broad geographical distribution that are well suited to thrive in this host-associated environment.
Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff (1997)

Abstract The effect of inclined shear waves on the seismic response of a steep bluff is analyzed using generalized consistent transmitting boundaries. The results of the frequency-domain analysis of a stepped half-space subjected to incident shear waves inclined from 0° to 30° show that the motion at the crest of the slope is amplified for waves traveling into the slope and attenuated for waves traveling away from the slope, as compared to the motion in the free field behind the crest of the slope. This amplification can be as much as twice that observed for vertically propagating waves. A time-domain analysis of bluffs at Seacliff State Beach, California, is used to estimate the effect of topography using realistic conditions, taking into account wave inclination and site effects. The analysis of the site shows that although topographic amplification does in fact nearly double the amplitude of the motion in some cases, this amplification is offset by reduced site amplification and by wave splitting at material interfaces. Thus, the actual peak acceleration occurring at the crest of the slope changes little with incident angle as compared to the amplification of the free-field motion and actually decreases in many cases. Though a more general study is recommended, these results suggest that wave orientation and inclination substantially increase topographic amplification; however, it may be adequate to only account for vertically propagating waves for site response and slope stability analyses where only the magnitude of acceleration is considered.
Scheduling for Improving System Capacity in Multiservice 3GPP LTE (2010)

We study the impact of scheduling algorithms on the provision of multiple services in the long term evolution (LTE) system. In order to measure how well the services are provided by the system, we use the definition of joint system capacity. In this context, we claim that scheduling strategies should consider the current satisfaction level of each service and the offered load to the system by each service. We propose a downlink‐scheduling strategy according to these ideas named capacity‐driven resource allocation (CRA). The CRA scheduler dynamically controls the resource sharing among flows of different services such as delay‐sensitive and rate demanding ones. Moreover, CRA scheduler exploits the channel‐quality knowledge to utilize the system resources efficiently. Simulation results in a multicell scenario show that the CRA scheduler is robust regarding channel quality knowledge and that it provides significant gains in joint system capacity in single and mixed service scenarios.
Metal-Chelating Inhibitors of a Zinc Finger Protein HIV-EP1. Remarkable Potentiation of Inhibitory Activity by Introduction of SH Groups (1996)

HIV-EP1 is a C2H2 type zinc finger protein which binds to DNA kappa B site present in the long terminal repeat of HIV provirus. Previously we have reported zinc chelators having histidine--pyridine--histidine skeleton and were successful in inhibiting the DNA binding of HIV-EP1 by removing zinc from the zinc finger domain. Aiming at the potentiation of the inhibitory activity of our previous zinc chelators, herein synthesized were novel chelators comprising pyridine and aminoalkanethiol. These showed marked inhibitory activity on the DNA binding of HIV-EP1. In particular, one of them having a bis(2-mercaptoethyl) amino side chain showed inhibitory activity (IC50, approximately 4 microM) 10 times stronger than that of the strongest inhibitor that we reported previously. It appeared that these inhibited the DNA binding of HIV-EP1 by a mechanism distinct from that of the previous histidine-based inhibitors.
Shape Change Controls Supporting Cell Proliferation in Lesioned Mammalian Balance Epithelium (2007)

Mature mammals are uniquely vulnerable to permanent auditory and vestibular deficits, because the cell proliferation that produces replacement hair cells in other vertebrates is limited in mammals. To investigate the cellular mechanisms responsible for that difference, we created excision lesions in the sensory epithelium of embryonic and 2-week-old mouse utricles. Lesions in embryonic utricles closed in <24 h via localized expansion of supporting cells, which then reentered the cell cycle. Pharmacological treatments combined with time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that the healing depended on Rho-mediated contraction of an actin ring at the leading edge of the lesion. In contrast, lesions in utricles from 2-week-old and older mice remained open even after 48 h. Supporting cells in those utricles remained compact and columnar and had significantly stouter cortical actin belts than those in embryonic sensory epithelia. This suggests that cytoskeletal changes may underlie the age-related loss of proliferation in mammalian ears by limiting the capacity for mature supporting cells to change shape. In mature utricles, exogenous stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid overcame this maturational block and induced closure of lesions, promoting supporting cell expansion and subsequent proliferation. After lysophosphatidic acid treatment, 85% of the mature supporting cells that had spread to a planar area >300 microm2 entered S-phase, whereas only 10% of those cells that had a planar area <100 microm2 entered S-phase. Together, these results indicate that cellular shape change can overcome the normal postnatal cessation of supporting cell proliferation that appears to limit regeneration in mammalian vestibular epithelia.
Propulsion Theory of Flapping Airfoils, Comparison with Computational Fluid Dynamics (2015)

It is shown that the time-dependent aerodynamic forces acting on a flapping airfoil in forward flight are functions of both axial and normal reduced frequencies. The axial reduced frequency is based on the chord length, and the normal reduced frequency is based on the plunging amplitude. Furthermore, the time-dependent aerodynamic forces are related to two Fourier coefficients, which are evaluated here from computational results. Correlation equations for these Fourier coefficients are obtained from a large number of grid- and time-step-resolved inviscid computational-fluid-dynamics solutions, conducted over a range of both axial and normal reduced frequencies. The correlation results can be used to predict the thrust, required power, and propulsive efficiency for airfoils in forward flight with sinusoidal pitching and plunging motion. Within the range of parameters typically encountered in the efficient forward flight of birds, results obtained from the correlation equations match the computational-fluid...
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Study of 19-Oxygenation of the Aromatase Inhibitor 19-Methylandrostenedione with Human Placental Microsomes (2006)

To gain insight into the catalytic function of aromatase, we studied 19-oxygenation of 19-methyl-substituted derivative of the natural substrate androstenedione (AD), compound 1, with human placental aromatase by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Incubation of the 19-methyl derivative 1 with human placental microsomes in the presence of NADPH under an aerobic condition did not yield a detectable amount of [19S]19-hydroxy product 2 or its [19R]-isomer 3 when the product was analyzed as the bis-methoxime-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative by GC-MS; moreover, the production of estrogen was not detected as the bis-TMS derivative of estradiol (detection limit: about 3 ng and 10 pg per injection for the 19-ol and estradiol, respectively). The results reveal that the 19-methyl steroid 1 does not serve as a substrate of aromatase, although it does serve as a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme.
Negative Thermal Expansion of Ultrathin Metal Nanowires: A Computational Study (2017)

Most materials expand upon heating because the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the fundamental property of materials characterizing the mechanical response of the materials to heating, is positive. There have been some reports of materials that exhibit negative thermal expansion (NTE), but most of these have been in complex alloys, where NTE originates from the transverse vibrations of the materials. Here, we show using molecular dynamics simulations that some single crystal monatomic FCC metal nanowires can exhibit NTE along the length direction due to a novel thermomechanical coupling. We develop an analytic model for the CTE in nanowires that is a function of the surface stress, elastic modulus, and nanowire size. The model suggests that the CTE of nanowires can be reduced due to elastic softening of the materials and also due to surface stress. For the nanowires, the model predicts that the CTE reduction can lead to NTE if the nanowire Young's modulus is sufficiently reduced while the nanowire surface stress remains sufficiently large, which is in excellent agreement with the molecular dynamics simulation results. Overall, we find a "smaller is smaller" trend for the CTE of nanowires, leading to this unexpected, surface-stress-driven mechanism for NTE in nanoscale materials.
Mechanochemistryvs.solution growth: striking differences in bench stability of a cimetidine salt based on a synthetic method (2018)

A mechanochemically prepared solvated salt of an archetypal blockbuster drug exhibits significantly different bench stability to analogous material made in solution.