gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position control of a bidirectional moving magnet actuator based on contactless hall-effect transducer (2015)

In this paper it is studied an open loop command method for controlling the position of a bidirectional moving magnet actuator with elastic magnetic forces (MMAEMF). This type of actuator has, due to its design, an equilibrium position that allows displacement of the actuator's rod in both directions. To energize and drive the actuator it is used a method of adjusting the duty-cycle of a PWM signal and MOSFET transistors. As a feedback non-contact displacement transducer it is used an arrangement of two linear ratiometric Hall sensors and a small permanent magnet disc attached to the mobile actuator's rod that moves between the two fixed sensors. Both input data, acquired from the sensors, and output PWM signal is processed through the pins of an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on Atmel microcontroller. Analog data acquired from the sensor is converted to distance after a calibration method through a lookup table. The setup allows measurements to be taken with 0.1 mm precision of the actuator's rod position and to plot the static characteristic of displacement for a range up to ±5mm.
Boundary Lubrication of Undulated Metal Surfaces at Elevated Temperatures (1989)

In the boundary lubricated sliding of metals, lubricant molecules desorb from metal surfaces as the interfacial temperature exceeds the transition temperature. As a consequence, numerous metallic contacts will be established, leading to adhesion and wear particle formation. The wear particles so formed plow the sliding surfaces, resulting in high friction and severe wear. In this paper, it is shown that friction can be reduced at elevated temperatures even with additive-free lubricants by using undulated surfaces. Flat and undulated OFHC copper surfaces were tested with various lubricants at different temperatures. Experimental results and theoretical analysis show that undulated surfaces minimize the plowing component of friction due to wear debris, thereby keeping the friction coefficient at a low value after the transition.
Selective Interaction of Ethidium Derivatives with Quadruplexes:  An Equilibrium Dialysis and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2003)

The telomeric G-rich single-stranded DNA can adopt in vitro an intramolecular quadruplex structure, which has been shown to directly inhibit telomerase activity. The reactivation of this enzyme in immortalized and most cancer cells suggests that telomerase is a relevant target in oncology, and telomerase inhibitors have been proposed as new potential anticancer agents. In this paper, we have analyzed the selectivity of four ethidium derivatives and ethidium itself toward different G-quadruplex species, with electrospray mass spectrometry and competitive equilibrium dialysis and evaluated their inhibitory properties against telomerase. A selectivity profile may be obtained through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which is in fair agreement with competitive equilibrium dialysis data. It also provides unambiguous data on the number of binding sites per nucleic acid (maximal number of two ethidium derivatives per quadruplex, in agreement with external stacking). Our experiments also demonstrate that one compound (4) is the most active and selective G-quadruplex ligand within this series and the most selective telomerase inhibitor in a modified TRAP-G4 assay.
Tissue-Mimetic Dielectric Actuators: Free-Standing, Stable, and Solvent-Free (2020)

One of the notorious problems in dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) is electromechanical instability resulting in uncontrolled breakdown, which precludes large reversible strokes. We resolved this issue by using thermoplastic elastomers (plastomers) self-assembled from linear-bottlebrush-linear triblock copolymers composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) linear blocks and polydimethylsiloxane brush blocks. These materials demonstrate a unique combination of initial softness and intense strain-stiffening at larger deformations, which is analogous to the signature behavior of biological tissues. Plastomer-based free-standing DEAs operate at low electric fields (∼1 V/μm–1) and enable large (5-fold) reversible strokes. Given the excellent thermal stability and hydrophobicity of silicone, these solvent-free materials are good candidates for the design of artificial muscles and are capable of operating in a broad range of environments, including the human body and ocean, without losing actuation performance.
The evolution of Brassica napus FLOWERING LOCUST paralogues in the context of inverted chromosomal duplication blocks (2009)

Six orthologues of Arabidopsis FT were identified and mapped in the genome of B. napus which sheds new light on the evolution of paralogues in polyploidy species. The allelic variation of BnFT paralogues results in functional differences affecting flowering time between winter and spring type cultivars of oil seed Brassica. The prevalent inverted duplicated blocks, two of which were located by four of the six BnFT paralogues, contributed to gene duplications and might represent predominant pathway of evolution in Brassica.
Exaggerated inflammation, impaired host defense, and neuropathology in progranulin-deficient mice (2009)

Progranulin (PGRN) is a widely expressed protein involved in diverse biological processes. Haploinsufficiency of PGRN in the human causes tau-negative, ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the mechanisms are unknown. To explore the role of PGRN in vivo, we generated PGRN-deficient mice. Macrophages from these mice released less interleukin-10 and more inflammatory cytokines than wild type (WT) when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PGRN-deficient mice failed to clear Listeria monocytogenes infection as quickly as WT and allowed bacteria to proliferate in the brain, with correspondingly greater inflammation than in WT. PGRN-deficient macrophages and microglia were cytotoxic to hippocampal cells in vitro, and PGRN-deficient hippocampal slices were hypersusceptible to deprivation of oxygen and glucose. With age, brains of PGRN-deficient mice displayed greater activation of microglia and astrocytes than WT, and their hippocampal and thalamic neurons accumulated cytosolic phosphorylated transactivation response element DNA binding protein-43. Thus, PGRN is a key regulator of inflammation and plays critical roles in both host defense and neuronal integrity. FTD associated with PGRN insufficiency may result from many years of reduced neutrotrophic support together with cumulative damage in association with dysregulated inflammation.
Optical quantum memory applications in quantum communication (2019)

Optical quantum memory is a device that can store the quantum state of photons and retrieve it with high fidelity on demand. Many approaches to quantum memory have been proposed and demonstrated. Quantum memory can be used to enhance performance in many quantum communication systems and processes such as deterministic single photon sources, photon interference, measurement device independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation and quantum repeaters.
Structure-Based Rational Design of a Phosphotriesterase (2009)

In silico substrate docking of both stereoisomers of the pesticide chlorfenvinphos (CVP) in the phosphotriesterase from Agrobacterium radiobacter identified two residues (F131 and W132) that prevent productive substrate binding and cause stereospecificity. A variant (W131H/F132A) was designed that exhibited ca. 480-fold and 8-fold increases in the rate of Z-CVP and E-CVP hydrolysis, respectively, eliminating stereospecificity.
Safe and sound program analysis with Flix (2018)

Program development tools such as bug finders, build automation tools, compilers, debuggers, integrated development environments, and refactoring tools increasingly rely on static analysis techniques to reason about program behavior. Implementing such static analysis tools is a complex and difficult task with concerns about safety and soundness. Safety guarantees that the fixed point computation -- inherent in most static analyses -- converges and ultimately terminates with a deterministic result. Soundness guarantees that the computed result over-approximates the concrete behavior of the program under analysis. But how do we know if we can trust the result of the static analysis itself? Who will guard the guards?
Integrated quantum well modulator, field effect transistor, and optical detector (1988)

It is important for the best use of optics and electronics to have an efficient and convenient means of converting between the two technologies. For example, it would be interesting to have optically interconnected electronic integrated circuits or two-dimensionally parallel optical processing systems in which electronic devices could be incorporated into processing nodes to provide increased functionality and improved system performance. To accomplish this effectively, it is crucial that the necessary components are integrated. We demonstrate here a method of integrating optical input and output devices with electronic components. Importantly, the input and output beams can be perpendicular to the chip so that 2-D interconnects are possible in principle, and the integration method is compatible with existing fabrication technology for the electronic devices.
Conserved, N-Linked Carbohydrates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Are Largely Dispensable for Viral Replication (2001)

The transmembrane subunit (TM) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein contains four well-conserved sites for the attachment of N-linked carbohydrates. To study the contribution of these N-glycans to the function of TM, we systematically mutated the sites individually and in all combinations and measured the effects of each on viral replication in culture. The mutants were derived from SHIV-KB9, a simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV chimera with an envelope sequence that originated from a primary HIV-1 isolate. The attachment site mutants were generated by replacing the asparagine codon of each N-X-S/T motif with a glutamine codon. The mobilities of the variant transmembrane proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that all four sites are utilized for carbohydrate attachment. Transfection of various cell lines with the resulting panel of mutant viral constructs revealed that the N-glycan attachment sites are largely dispensable for viral replication. Fourteen of the 15 mutants were replication competent, although the kinetics of replication varied depending on the mutant and the cell type. The four single mutants (g1, g2, g3, and g4) and all six double mutants (g12, g13, g14, g23, g24, and g34) replicated in both human and rhesus monkey T-cell lines, as well as in primary rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Three of the four triple mutants (g124, g134, and g234) replicated in all cell types tested. The triple mutant g123 replicated poorly in immortalized rhesus monkey T cells (221 cells) and did not replicate detectably in CEMx174 cells. However, at 3 weeks posttransfection of 221 cells, a variant of g123 emerged with a new N-glycan attachment site which compensated for the loss of sites 1, 2, and 3 and resulted in replication kinetics similar to those of the parental virus. The quadruple mutant (g1234) did not replicate in any cell line tested, and the g1234 envelope protein was nonfunctional in a quantitative cell-cell fusion assay. The synthesis and processing of the quadruple mutant envelope protein appeared similar in transient assays to those of the parental SHIV-KB9 envelope. Given their high degree of conservation, the four N-linked carbohydrate attachment sites on the external domain of gp41 are surprisingly dispensable for viral replication. The viral variants described in this report should prove useful for investigation of the contribution of carbohydrate moieties on gp41 to recognition by antibodies, shielding from antibody-mediated neutralization, and structure-function relationships.
Data from: The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound (2016)

This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly affected by the annual variation of the sea-ice cover, which decouples local wind speed and sound levels during austral winter. With increasing sea-ice concentration, area and thickness, sound levels decreased while the contribution of distant sources increased. Marine mammal sounds formed a substantial part of the overall acoustic environment, comprising calls produced by Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). The combined sound energy of a group or population vocalizing during extended periods contributed species-specific peaks to the ambient sound spectra. The temporal and spatial variation in the contribution of marine mammals to ambient sound suggests annual patterns in migration and behaviour. The Antarctic blue and fin whale contributions were loudest in austral autumn, whereas the Antarctic minke whale contribution was loudest during austral winter and repeatedly showed a diel pattern that coincided with the diel vertical migration of zooplankton.
The Effect of Photochemical Stress Upon the Lenses of Normal and Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Knockout Mice (1998)

This communication investigates the effect of oxidative stress upon the lenses of young normal and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GSHPx-1) Knockout mice. Both normal and knockout lenses have similar biochemical and morpholigical characteristics and the elimination of GSHPx-1 only decreases slightly the ability of the lens to degrade H2O2. Examination of the effect of a 4 hr photochemical stress on morphological characteristics indicates that there is comparable damage in the normal and knockout lenses in the epithelial and bow regions while the posterior region remains normal. However, at 24 hrs post-insult, the normal lenses appear to recover somewhat in the bow region while the knockout bow and posterior regions have extensive damage. In contrast to the morphological data, the biochemical parameters (14C)choline transport and (3H)thymidine incorporation are affected to a somewhat greater extent in the knockout lenses than in normal lenses. While both of these parameters are further affected in the 24 hr post-insult period, there is no further change in the relative effects upon normal and knockout lenses. Non-protein thiol is affected in a similar manner in both lens types. The effect upon biochemical parameters of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) insult was similar to H2O2 and photochemical stress. The overall conclusion is that young GSHPx-1 knockout lenses handle oxidative stress somewhat less effectively than comparable normal lenses but non-stressed knockout lenses appear normal. These results differ from observations reported by Reddy et al. (1997) under somewhat different conditions.
Technological implications of the Rosenthal solution for a moving point heat source in steady state on a semi-infinite solid (2022)

This paper introduces a theoretical framework for the analysis and optimization of melting processes that use focused moving heat sources. Specifically, we consider the Rosenthal solution for a moving point heat source in steady state on a semi-infinite solid. Firstly, we analyze the feasibility of the thermal problem while constraining the melt pool size and aspect ratio. We then express the maximum allowable velocity and the corresponding power as explicit functions of the constraints and material properties. Finally, we examine a wide range of melting processes within a dimensionless framework derived from the above solution. The paper concludes with an application example concerning lack of fusion porosity in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, which shows the reliability of analytical estimates despite the complexity of the underlying physics. This makes it possible to outline a direct procedure for optimizing the main process parameters given a few basic requirements. Ultimately, the proposed methods are not intended to replace other modeling and experimental approaches, but rather to complement their capabilities and encourage more efficient use of available resources. In addition, reframing seemingly different problems within a common perspective can improve understanding, reveal new levels of similarity, and sometimes even allow for global solutions.
[Tris(o-iminosemiquinone)cobalt(III)]—a radical complex with an St = 3/2 ground state (1999)

C. Nazari Verani, S. Gallert, E. Bill, T. Weyhermüller, K. Wieghardt and P. Chaudhuri, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1747 DOI: 10.1039/A903778K
Synthetic two-species allodiploid and three-species allotetraploid Saccharomyces hybrids with euploid (complete) parental subgenomes (2023)

Combination of the genomes of Saccharomyces species has great potential for the construction of new industrial strains as well as for the study of the process of speciation. However, these species are reproductively isolated by a double sterility barrier. The first barrier is mainly due to the failure of the chromosomes to pair in allodiploid meiosis. The second barrier ensures that the hybrid remains sterile even after genome duplication, an event that can restore fertility in plant interspecies hybrids. The latter is attributable to the autodiploidisation of the allotetraploid meiosis that results in sterile allodiploid spores (return to the first barrier). Occasionally, mating-competent alloaneuploid spores arise by malsegregation of MAT-carrying chromosomes. These can mate with cells of a third species resulting in aneuploid zygotes having at least one incomplete subgenome. Here we report on the construction of euploid three-species hybrids by making use of "rare mating" between a sterile S. kudriavzevii x S. uvarum allodiploid hybrid and a diploid S. cerevisiae strain. The hybrids have allotetraploid 2n<sup>Sc</sup>n<sup>Sk</sup> n<sup>Su</sup> genomes consisting of complete sets of parental chromosomes. This is the first report on the production of euploid three-species Saccharomyces hybrids by natural mating, without genetic manipulation. The hybrids provide possibilities for studying the interactions of three allospecific genomes and their orthologous genes present in the same cell.
Numerical Study on Internal flow Field Dynamic Performance of Scramjet (2019)

The pressure pulsation caused by the combustion of the combustion chamber of the scramjet engine has a great influence on the flow and performance of the inlet. Although the isolation section prevents the propagation of this pressure pulsation, the pressure pulsation still flows to the inlet flow field. And performance has an adverse effect. In this paper, a method for calculating the dynamic performance parameters of the inlet is discussed. The influence of the pulsating pressure of the combustion chamber on the performance of the inlet is preliminarily studied. The influence law of different forms of back pressure pulsation on the flow coefficient and the total pressure recovery coefficient is obtained. Different back pressure pulsation forms have a great influence on the flow coefficient. The faster the response, the more obvious the change of the flow coefficient. The larger the reduction, the more likely the inlet channel will not start. Different back pressure pulsations have little effect on the total pressure recovery coefficient. In the design of the intake port, the influence of the back pressure pulsation on the performance of the intake port should be fully taken into consideration, and measures should be taken to prevent the performance of the intake port from being affected by the back pressure pulsation.
The fractal dynamics of self-esteem and physical self. (2004)

The aim of this paper was to determine whether fractal processes underlie the dynamics of self-esteem and physical self. Twice a day for 512 consecutive days, four adults completed a brief inventory measuring six subjective dimensions: global self-esteem, physical self-worth, physical condition, sport competence, attractive body, and physical strength. The obtained series were submitted to spectral analysis, which allowed their classification as fractional Brownian motions. Three fractal analysis methods (Rescaled Range analysis, Dispersional analysis, and Scaled Windowed Variance analysis) were then applied on the series. These analyses yielded convergent results and evidenced long-range correlation in the series. The self-esteem and physical self series appeared as anti-persistent fractional Brownian motions, with a mean Hurst exponent of 0.21. These results reinforce the conception of self-perception as the emergent product of a dynamical system composed of multiple interacting elements.
A parallel integer programming approach to global routing (2010)

We propose a parallel global routing algorithm that concurrently processes routing subproblems corresponding to rectangular subregions covering the chip area. The algorithm uses at it core an existing integer programming (IP) formulation---both for routing each subproblem and for connecting them. Concurrent processing of the routing subproblems is desirable for effective parallelization. However, achieving no (or low) overflow global routing solutions without strong, coordinated algorithmic control is difficult. Our algorithm addresses this challenge via a patching phase that uses IP to connect partial routing solutions. Patching provides feedback to each routing subproblem in order to avoid overflow, later when attempting to connect them. The end result is a flexible and highly scalable distributed algorithm for global routing. The method is able to accept as input target runtimes for its various phases and produce high-quality solution within these limits. Computational results show that for a target runtime of 75 minutes, running on a computational grid of few hundred CPUs with 2GB memory, the algorithm generates higher quality solutions than competing methods in the open literature.
Fig S8 from Dynamics of Sequence and Structural Cell-Free DNA Landscapes in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Longitudinal changes in cfTL were re-analyzed for each patient, considering all plasma variants independent of origin. Survival analyses revealed that CH-unfiltered ctDNA responses were not associated with either (A) overall survival-OS or (B) progression-free survival-PFS. Comparison between CH-unfiltered ctDNA responses and radiographic assessments (PR/CR vs SD/PD/MR) in these patients revealed that CH-unfiltered responses we not predictive of (C) OS at 12 and (D) 36 months, and PFS at (E) 3 and (F) 12 months, compared to best overall radiographic responses.&lt;/p&gt;
The role of microstructural phenomena in magnetic thin films (1992)

The subject is germane to magnetic recording media. Results during the first 2 years are presented under the following headings: atomic resolution TEM of CoNiCr films; CoNiCr and CoCrTa thin films; development of texture; and CoSm/Cr thin films. The HREM results showed that defects in Co-based films may be responsible for higher coercivity. Findings are presented on the effects of Cr interlayers on the microstructure of the second Co-based film in Co/Cr/Co/Cr multilayer films. Proposed research plans are outlined.