gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enumeration and Identification ofLactobacillus paracaseisubsp.paracaseiF19 (2002)

The identification of probiotic lactobacilli at strain level is important for their industrial use. Methods for enumeration and identification of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei isolate F19 ( Lactobacillus F19) were evaluated. Nine closely related isolates were used to validate the methods. MRS with vancomycin (20 µ g/ml) or adjusted to pH 5.4, and Rogosa with vancomycin (20 µ g/ml) showed good results for enumeration in dairy products and biological samples, respectively. MRS with cefotaxime (0.5–2 µ g/ml) slightly suppressed growth and cell count of Lactobacillus F19. RAPD analysis modified from the study by Tynkkynen et al. (1999) proved applicable for strain-level identification of Lactobacillus F19. Also, FT-IR analysis was tested with good results. The recommendation is to enumerate using the MRS with vancomycin or adjusted to pH 5.4 and screen colonies with RAPD analysis with the primer Lbc-19 and confirm identity with the primer OPA-02, provided that the preparation of crude cell extracts and the parameters of RAPD protocol are strictly standardized. Keywords: Lactobacillus F19, paracasei, identification, cefotaxime, vancomycin, RAPD.
Lactic Acid (2014)

Lactic acid is a naturally occurring C3 α-hydroxycarboxylic acid that is a product of anaerobic metabolism of sugars in virtually all living things. It is a colorless to slightly yellow, hydroscopic liquid commercially available in 50–90 wt% solutions. Lactic acid is made industrially by fermentation of carbohydrates or synthetically via the hydrolysis of lactonitrile. Production by fermentation has increased over the last decade as it produces the highly enantiopure l-lactic acid that is needed for food and polymer applications. Historically, foods have been the largest volume application, as lactic acid is a mild-tasting acidulant and food preservative. The use of lactic acid based polymers has increased significantly since ca. 2002. These polymers have the potential to develop into a million-tonne industry over the next 20 years. The commercial lactic acid processes use a variety of sugar for raw materials (sucrose from sugar beets and sugar cane, dextrose from corn), depending on price and availability of these sugars near the plant location. There are also a number of purification processes that are used commercially (lactate ester distillation, distillation, liquid–liquid extraction). The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.2.1. Internal Esterification 2.2.2. Esterification 2.2.3. Other Reactions 3. Production 3.1. Fermentation 3.2. Purification 3.3. Synthesis 3.4. Construction Materials 4. Uses 4.1. Food Uses 4.2. Polymers 4.3. Industrial Uses 5. Quality Specifications 6. Analysis 7. Storage and Transportation 8. Legal Aspects 9. Economic Aspects 10. Environmental Protection 11. Toxicology and Occupational Health
Impact of the New American Hypertension Guidelines on the Prevalence of Postpartum Hypertension (2018)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability among women, with more than half occurring in individuals with hypertension. New blood pressure criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recognize that there is no specific blood pressure threshold that is associated with vascular disease. We performed a secondary analysis of two published postpartum databases (the Pre-Eclampsia New Emerging Team [PE-NET] cohort and the Maternal Health Clinic [MHC] cohort) to determine the impact of the change in blood pressure criteria on the diagnosis of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in women with uncomplicated pregnancies (PE-NET control) was 22% compared with 56.4% in those who have had a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia (PE, PE-NET patient) and 67.2% in those referred to the MHC due to a pregnancy complicated by any of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. It is well established that certain complications in pregnancy can reliably identify women with risk factors for future CVD. Thus, pregnancy and the postpartum afford a new opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening that could lead to lifestyle modification and therapeutic intervention. Applying the new guideline criteria at least doubles the prevalence of women with hypertension postpartum.
Annals of Translational Medicine (ATM) New Editor-in-Chief Announcement (2019)

The editorial office of Annals of Translational Medicine ( ATM ) is pleased to announce that, effective June 2019, Dr. Yinghao Sun ( Figure 1 ) will be taking over as the co-Editor-in-Chief in tandem with Dr. Xuehao Wang and Dr. Jianxing He.
A Mass-Tagging Approach for Enhanced Sensitivity of Dynamic Cytokine Detection Using a Label-Free Biosensor (2013)

Monitoring cytokine release by cells allows the investigation of cellular response to specific external stimuli, such as pathogens or candidate drugs. Unlike conventional colorimetric techniques, label-free detection of cytokines enables studying cellular secretions in real time by eliminating additional wash and labeling steps after the binding step. However, label-free techniques that are based on measuring mass accumulation on a sensor surface are challenging for measuring small cytokines binding to much larger capture agents (usually antibodies) because the relative signal change is small. This problem is exacerbated when the capturing antibodies desorb from the surface, a phenomenon that almost inevitably occurs in immunoassays but is rarely accounted for. Here, we demonstrate a quantitative dynamic detection of interleukine-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, using an interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS). We improved the accuracy of the quantitative analysis of this relatively small protein (21 kDa) by characterizing the antibody desorption rate and compensating for the antibody loss during the binding experiment. By correcting for protein desorption, we achieved an analytical limit of detection at 19 ng/mL IL-6 concentration. We enhanced the sensitivity by 7-fold by using detection antibodies that recognize a different epitope of the cytokine. We demonstrate that these detection antibodies, which we call "mass tags", can be used concurrently with the target analyte to eliminate an additional wash and binding step. Finally, we report successful label-free detection of IL-6 in cell culture medium (with 10% serum) with comparable signal to that obtained in PBS. This work is the first to report quantitative dynamic label-free detection of small protein in a complex biological fluid using IRIS.
Effects of nozzle contraction ratio on orifice free jet flow (2007)

The effects of the contraction area ratio CR of orifice nozzle on the flow characteristics of the free jet issued from the nozzle are examined. The large vortex structure of submerged orifice water jet is visualized by tracer method and examined the effects of CR on it. The mean and fluctuating velocities of orifice air jet are measured by a single probe and hot-wire anemometry and the effects of CR on them are also examined. CR was changed from 1.00 to 0.11. As a result, (a) the centerline maximum velocity u c/u m (u m: nozzle exit mean velocity) can be presented by u c/ u m=1.9 CR 3 -3.55CR 2+1.38 CR+1.53, and (b) the maximum of u c/u m=1.7 occurs at CR=0.27, and others were made clear.
Electrochemical detection of methyl nicotinate biomarker using functionalized anodized titania nanotube arrays (2015)

Sensing and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath is a possible method for early diagnosis of several pulmonary diseases. The use of solid-state TiO2 nanotube array sensors for VOC sensing applications has been of great interest. In this study, titania nanotubular arrays (TNAs) were synthesized through electrochemical anodization and used for the electrochemical detection of methyl nicotinate biomarker vapor. Functionalization of the TNA with cobalt was found to be necessary for methyl nicotinate detection. Titanium dioxide films synthesized through high temperature oxidation and functionalized with cobalt were also compared with cobalt functionalized TNA. The ordered TNA demonstrated itself to be an effective substrate for cobalt deposition and subsequent biomarker detection over thin titanium dioxide films. Surface analysis of the cobalt functionalized TNA by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies observed cobalt deposits exist as cobalt hydroxide on the surface. Exposure of the sensor surface to methyl nicotinate vapor results in the reduction of cobalt hydroxide to cobalt metal on the surface. Two mechanisms have been proposed to describe the binding of the nicotinate biomarker to cobalt functionalized TNA consistent with the XPS studies and band theory.
Development of a Submerged Doppler-Type Directional Wave Meter (1995)

This paper presents a newly developed type of submerged directional wave meter having the capability to measure water surface elevation and multiple current velocity components. These components are determined from Doppler frequency shifts using the complex covariance method. The developed system was demonstrated to be capable of successfully obtaining directional wave data, as well as adequately estimating directional wave spectra.
Worldwide Physics-Based Analysis of Solder Bond Failure in c-Si Modules for Lifetime Prediction (2021)

Lifetime prediction of the fielded c-Si solar modules due to location-specific weather conditions has been an important topic of photovoltaic research and the economic viability of solar energy. Data analytic techniques such as Performance Ratio method, Statistical Clear Sky model, and Suns-Vmp methods quantify the degradation from measured data of a solar farm, however, the non-linear time-dependence and correlated degradations make it difficult to use the empirical degradation rates for ultimate lifetime projection. In this paper, we propose a complementary physics-based model to predict the solder bond failure caused by mechanical stress associated with the daily or seasonal variations of the temperature. Given the worldwide weather information from NASA database, the proposed model predicts the location-specific output power degradation and the lifetime of a module due to solder bond failure. The model parameters are obtained by calibrating against qualification tests involving thermal cycling. This model will serve as a building block of a more comprehensive reliability model that can predict the lifetime of a module that experiences simultaneous and correlated degradation mechanisms involving yellowing, corrosion, and potential-induced degradations.
A data-driven approach to human-robot co-manipulation of soft materials (2022)

Human-robot co-manipulation of large but lightweight elements made by soft materials is a challenging operation that presents several relevant industrial applications. This paper proposes using a 3D camera to track the deformation of soft materials for human-robot co-manipulation. Thanks to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the acquired depth image is processed to estimate the element deformation. The output of the CNN is the feedback for the robot controller to track a given set-point of deformation.
The Metal-lnsulator Transition in V2O4 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Metal-lnsulator Transition in V2O4Jong-Gyu Lee and Martha Greenblatt Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 5, 375Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1994Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ed071p375RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactivity of 3-halopropynols: X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1,1-dihalocumulenes and 2+2 cycloaddition products (2017)

Reactions of 3-halopropynols and their butadiyne analogues with BF3Et2O or HX(aq) were investigated. Depending on the end group and the reaction conditions, different products were obtained which belonged to two classes: (i) 1,1-dihaloallenes, and (ii) products of 2+2 cycloaddition. The resulting species were identified using single crystal X-ray analysis and NMR spectroscopy.
A point mutation in the γ 2 subunit of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors results in altered benzodiazepine binding site specificity (1997)

Benzodiazepines allosterically modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) evoked chloride currents of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Coexpression of either rat gamma2 or gamma3, in combination with alpha1 and beta2 subunits, results both in receptors displaying high [3H]Ro 15-1788 affinity. However, receptors containing a gamma3 subunit display a 178-fold reduced affinity to zolpidem as compared with gamma2-containing receptors. Eight chimeras between gamma2 and gamma3 were constructed followed by nine different point mutations in gamma2, each to the homologous amino acid residue found in gamma3. Chimeric or mutant gamma subunits were coexpressed with alpha1 and beta2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to localize amino acid residues responsible for the reduced zolpidem affinity. Substitution of a methionine-to-leucine at position 130 of gamma2 (gamma2M130L) resulted in a 51-fold reduction in zolpidem affinity whereas the affinity to [3H]Ro 15-1788 remained unchanged. The affinity for diazepam was only decreased by about 2-fold. The same mutation resulted in a 9-fold increase in Cl 218872 affinity. A second mutation (gamma2M57I) was found to reduce zolpidem affinity by about 4-fold. Wild-type and gamma2M130L-containing receptors were functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Upon mutation allosteric coupling between agonist and modulatory sites is preserved. Dose-response curves for zolpidem and for diazepam showed that the zolpidem but not the diazepam apparent affinity is drastically reduced. The apparent GABA affinity is not significantly affected by the gamma2M130L mutation. The identified amino acid residues may define part of the benzodiazepine binding pocket of GABAA receptors. As the modulatory site in the GABAA receptor is homologous to the GABA site, and to all agonist sites of related receptors, gamma2M130 may either point to a homologous region important for agonist binding in all receptors or define a new region not underlying this principle.
Ligand-mediated decarbonylation as an efficient synthetic method to Re(i) and Re(ii) dicarbonyl complexes (2008)

A novel synthetic method based on a ligand-mediated decarbonylation reaction of complexes of the common fac-[Re(CO)3]+ core efficiently yields Re(I) and Re(II) dicarbonyl species.
A flexible on-board demultiplexer/demodulator (1988)

Optimization of satellite communications system performance from the point of view of reduced overall system cost per unit of service delivered, requires that economies be exercised at all levels. Introduction of onboard regeneration which necessarily involves on-board demultiplexing and demodulation is an essential ingredient in meeting this goal. To achieve maximum benefit from this approach, the uplink transmission data rate and bandwidth from each earth terminal and consequently uplink EIRP needs to be minimized. This necessarily introduces multiple carriers of different bandwidths on the uplinks and creates an attending need onboard for simultaneous demodulation of many carriers. This paper addresses a digitally implemented bulk demultiplexer/demodulator that processes a large number of carriers having differing carrier bandwidths, bit rates and center rrequencies. The device is programmable from the ground to accommodate changes in the complexion of the carriers.
REVIEWS (1961)

REVIEWS Get access The Moral Basis of Fielding's Art: A Study of Joseph Andrews. By MARTIN C. BATTESTIN. Pp. xii + 196. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1959. $4.50. A. R. HUMPHREYS A. R. HUMPHREYS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XII, Issue 46, 1961, Pages 211–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XII.46.211 Published: 01 April 1961
Complement Effects on the Infectivity of Plasmodium gallinaceum to Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. II. Changes in Sensitivity to Complement-like Factors during Zygote Development (1987)

During transformation into ookinetes, the zygotes of Plasmodium gallinaceum are initially resistant to lysis by heat-labile and EDTA-sensitive factors in the serum of their natural host, the chicken. Between 6 and 8 hr postgametogenesis, zygotes cultured in vitro lose their resistance to these factors. Loss of resistance to these factors in vitro is reflected by loss of infectivity of the zygotes to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the presence of native chicken serum. These factors are probably components of the alternative pathway of complement (APC) of chicken serum. Gametocytes of P. gallinaceum in chicken blood are able to infect A. aegypti mosquitoes apparently due to inactivation of the APC in a blood meal within 3-4 hr after ingestion, i.e., several hours before the zygotes lose their resistance to chicken APC. In addition to the heat-labile factors (APC) in chicken serum, the zygotes are transiently sensitive to other factor(s) in the mosquito blood meal. These factor(s) are not destroyed by prior heating of the chicken serum given in a blood meal and therefore cannot be complement components. The antiparasitic effects of the factors are neutralized by addition of EDTA to the blood meal and could be due to an EDTA-sensitive metalloprotease present in the mosquito midgut.
Collision Avoidance Using Behavioral-based Al Techniques (2005)

This paper describes attempts made which have successfully created a set of algorithms which use behavior-based artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to collectively yield desirable collision avoidance behaviors in a dynamic operational environment. The algorithms consist of sensor- driven behavior modules which are necessary for dealing with various aspects of dynamic collision avoidance in urban traffic-like situations. These modules are implemented according to the principles of Subsumption Architecture, which is one of the key theories of behavior-based AI. A reduced-scale model operational environment was set up and the developed control system tested. Results indicate that it is feasible to construct control systems which allow fast and highly flexible maneuvering of vehicles operating in tight proximities. Outlines of the algorithms developed, as well as the experiments conducted, are discussed.
Monolithic 100 mW Yb waveguide laser fabricated using the femtosecond-laser direct-write technique (2009)

A femtosecond-laser-written monolithic waveguide laser (WGL) oscillator based on a distributed-feedback architecture and fabricated in ytterbium-doped phosphate glass is reported. The device lased at 1033 nm with an output power of 102 mW and a bandwidth of less than 2 pm when bidirectionally pumped at 976 nm. The WGL device was stable and operated for 50 h without degradation. This demonstration of a high-performance WGL opens the possibility for creating a variety of narrow-linewidth laser designs in bulk glasses.
Transmission of a Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer, Connected with a Mass Spectrometer (2015)

In this work it is experimentally showed that transmission of atmospheric drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (DT-IMS), connected with mass spectrometer (MS), depends on ion mobility of investigated compounds, because of depletion effect of Bradbury-Nielson ion gate (IG), which previously has been approved only by standalone DT-IMS. Theoretical estimation of depletion width of IG is in good agreement with experimental data. Also it is found, that ion lost due to its pulsing work of IG are few times smaller, than its duty cycle. It's explained by difference in influence of coulomb repulsion at 100% and 1% duty cycle – in first case it's significant versus second case, when coulomb repulsion become negligibly small, that reduces lost of ions on entrance of MS interface.
The Ontogeny of Endomorphin‐1‐ and Endomorphin‐2‐like Immunoreactivity in Rat Brain and Spinal Cord (1999)

Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are recently described peptides with high affinity and specificity for the mu opioid receptor. They are believed to be the endogenous ligands for that receptor. We describe the maturation of the endomorphins in brain and spinal cord using recently characterized antibodies to each. Endomorphin-1-like immunoreactivity was examined in brain, focusing on the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain and the diagonal band of Broca; endomorphin-2-like immunoreactivity is reported for the medulla and spinal cord. In these regions, and in all other regions studied but not described in this paper, the endomorphins were not seen at birth or at 3 days of age. Staining was present in 7-day-old and older animals. At these early ages, the pattern and density of staining are not fully developed, but appear complete by 21 days of age. The results suggest that both endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 develop relatively late compared to other opioid peptides.
Chemical Stability and Characterization of Rhodium-Diisocyanide Coordination Polymers (2007)

Poly-[Rh(1,4-phenylene diisocyanide)+4/2(Cl)-] has a two-dimensional template structure, where Rh atoms are bonded by the -conjugated 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide (pdi) ligands in the x-y plane and through overlapping dz orbitals in the z direction. The more conductive metallic bonds in the z direction create anisotropy in the electrical conductivity. The anisotropy and unique geometry of poly-[Rh(pdi)+4/2(Cl)-] make it a useful test bed for examining the relationship between electrical properties and chemical stability in metal-isocyanide molecular wire systems. The bulk powder of poly-[Rh(pdi)+4/2(Cl)-] is estimated to have a room-temperature bulk conductivity of 3.4 x 10(-11) S x cm(-1), an electrical activation energy of 0.9 eV, and a dielectric constant of 7.5. In this paper, impedance spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were used to show the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the metal-metal bonding of pressed bulk powders of poly-[Rh(pdi)+4/2(Cl)-]. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to demonstrate air sensitivity in the polymer and elucidate the mechanism of oxidative degradation.