gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic dynamics study identifies two amino acids of TIMP-1 critical for its LRP-1-mediated endocytosis in neurons (2017)

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) exerts inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinases and cytokine-like effects. We previously showed that TIMP-1 reduces neurite outgrowth in mouse cortical neurons and that this cytokine-like effect depends on TIMP-1 endocytosis mediated by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1). To gain insight into the interaction between TIMP-1 and LRP-1, we considered conformational changes that occur when a ligand binds to its receptor. TIMP-1 conformational changes have been studied using biomolecular simulations, and our results provide evidence for a hinge region that is critical for the protein movement between the N- and C-terminal TIMP-1 domains. In silico mutants have been proposed on residues F12 and K47, which are located in the hinge region. Biological analyses of these mutants show that F12A or K47A mutation does not alter MMP inhibitory activity but impairs the effect of TIMP-1 on neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, these mutants bind to LRP-1 but are not endocytosed. We conclude that the intrinsic dynamics of TIMP-1 are not involved in its binding to LRP-1 but rather in the initiation of endocytosis and associated biological effects.
Modeling uncertainty for information extraction from speech data (2001)

The goal of this thesis is to develop techniques for post-processing the output of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Specifically, our approach explicitly models ASR errors, which represent an important difference between speech and text-based data, such as newspaper and newswire data. Our approach provides a tight coupling between the ASR system and the natural language processing (NLP) system analyzing its output, resulting in a richer information flow than a simple sequence of output words. We introduce a new probabilistic model for text-based information extraction that improves on previous text and speech data results for a range of ASR error conditions. We describe a method for explicitly modeling uncertainty in the ASR output, and we present our experimental results showing that our uncertainty modeling improves the performance of an information extraction system. Our experiments demonstrate that one component of our uncertainty model, word-level confidence scores, can be improved by using long range document-level and task-dependent information, in addition to the local acoustic and language model information provided by the ASR system. Our method for explicitly modeling errors allows for multiple error types, and we demonstrate improved performance by representing both out-of-vocabulary and in-vocabulary errors. We introduce a multi-pass processing framework, in which our uncertainty modeling assists in the identification of name phrases in ASR output, and the name phrases thereby identified are used to produce a better uncertainty model. The combination of the various advances in uncertainty modeling leads to a 17% reduction in the error rate of our spoken language information extraction system compared to our state-of-the-art text-based system. Finally, we describe a novel use of our text-based information extraction system to provide efficient and broad coverage of out-of-vocabulary words in the ASR data, and we use a phonetic distance ranking to order the vocabulary and to correct ASR errors. This results in a 97% reduction in the size of the vocabulary, with only a 6% decrease in the vocabulary coverage.
New Algorithms for Locating Faults in Series Capacitive Compensated Transmission Lines (2018)

The precise location of the fault in a series capacitive compensated transmission line (SCCTL) plays an integral part in limiting the maintenance time following its tripping due to the occurrence of a permanent fault. Since, an SCCTL acts as a huge corridor of power, its outage will result in huge monetary losses which are directly proportion to the time it remains out of service. In worst case scenario, the tripping of an SCCTL might lead to the cascaded tripping of the parallel transmission lines due to overloading. Therefore, the need for an accurate and robust fault location algorithm for the SCCTLs becomes critical. Consequently, the focus of this thesis is to develop new fault location algorithms for the SCCTLs.\nFirst of all, the concept of fault location in conventional transmission lines and its application to SCCTLs has been explained. The mathematical analysis of impedance-based fault location algorithms for SCCTLs which are the most widely used fault location algorithms for SCCTLs, is performed. The mathematical analysis enables a deeper look into the strengths and deficiencies of the existing algorithms. After the identification of the innate limitations of the existing fault location algorithms, three new impedance-based fault location algorithms have been proposed with the aim of maximum utilization of the available measurements to improve the accuracy of the fault location results in SCCTLs. The proposed impedance-based algorithms are then tested for various fault scenarios using simulations carried out in Matlab, and PSCAD. The comparative analysis of the proposed algorithms with the existing algorithms is also performed.\nThe interest in traveling wave-based fault location algorithms has been renewed lately due to the availability of commercial relays capable of sampling in the range of 1 MHz. Therefore, the traveling wave theory which forms the basis of traveling wave-based fault location algorithms is discussed. The mathematical analysis of reflection, and transmission of the traveling waves from various points of discontinuity in an SCCTL has been performed which enables the understanding of the shortcomings of the existing fault location algorithms. Thereafter, a new single-ended traveling wave-based fault location algorithm has been proposed in this thesis. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been verified through the simulations carried out in PSCAD.
The Photochemistry of Silicon‐Substituted Phthalimides (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Basis of NF-κB Signaling (2013)

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) family transcription factors are master regulators of immune and inflammatory processes in response to both injury and infection. In the latent state, NF-κBs are sequestered in the cytosol by their inhibitor IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) proteins. Upon stimulations of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors and cytokine receptors such as those in the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily, a series of membrane proximal events lead to the activation of the IKK (IκB kinase). Phosphorylation of IκBs results in their proteasomal degradation and the release of NF-κB for nuclear translocation and activation of gene transcription. Here, we review the plethora of structural studies in these NF-κB activation pathways, including the TRAF (TNF receptor-associated factor) proteins, IKK, NF-κB, ubiquitin ligases, and deubiquitinating enzymes. Although these structures only provide snapshots of isolated processes, an emerging picture is that these signaling cascades coalesce into large oligomeric signaling complexes, or signalosomes, for signal propagation.
Mechanisms of action and rationale for the use of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer (2017)

The large family of costimulatory molecules plays a crucial role in regulation of the immune response. These molecules modulate TCR signalling via phosphorylation cascades. Some of the coinhibitory members of this family, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, already constitute approved targets in cancer therapy and, since 2011, have opened a new area of antitumour immunotherapy. Many antibodies targeting other inhibitory receptors (Tim-3, VISTA, Lag-3 and so on) or activating costimulatory molecules (OX40, GITR and so on) are under evaluation. These antibodies have multiple mechanisms of action. At the cellular level, these antibodies restore the activation signalling pathway and reprogram T cell metabolism. Tumour cells become resistant to apoptosis when an intracellular PD-L1 signalling is blocked. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are considered to be the main effectors of the blockade of inhibitory receptors. Certain CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets, such as non-hyperexhausted (CD28<sup>+</sup>, T-bet<sup>high</sup>, PD-1<sup>int</sup>), follicular-like (CXCR-5<sup>+</sup>) or resident memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, are more prone to be reactivated by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). In the future, the challenge will be to rationally combine drugs able to make the tumour microenvironment more permissive to immunotherapy in order to potentiate its clinical activity.
[Cystic cancer of the kidney]. (1990)

Four cases of cystic renal adenocarcinoma in adults free of renal dysfunction are reported. The authors propose a diagnostic approach for atypical cysts that takes the new imaging techniques into account (ultrasonography and CT scan initially, MRI subsequently). A practical therapeutic strategy is also described: because intraoperative histologic diagnosis is difficult partial nephrectomy to allow an intraoperative study of the entire cyst is advocated; extensive nephrectomy, which is the only procedure that ensures total exeresis of the carcinoma, is performed either immediately if the intraoperative study of the cyst or of its aseptic necrotic and hemorrhagic content is positive, or later if subsequent histologic studies reveal a malignancy.
Image Quality and Bile Duct Volumetry in MR Cholangiopancreatography Augmented With Low-Dose Morphine (2010)

IV-administered low-dose morphine seems to have no essential influence on image quality or delineation of the bile duct system in MRCP. Therefore, the general advice to perform morphine-augmented MRCP should be discussed critically.
Textbook non-malleable commitments (2016)

We present a new non-malleable commitment protocol. Our protocol has the following features: itemize The protocol has only three rounds of interaction. Pass (TCC 2013) showed an impossibility result for a two-round non-malleable commitment scheme w.r.t. a black-box reduction to any ``standard" intractability reduction. Thus, this resolves the round complexity of non-malleable commitment at least w.r.t. black-box security reductions. Our construction is secure as per the standard notion of non-malleability w.r.t. commitment. Our protocol is truly efficient. In our basic protocol, the entire computation of the committer is dominated by just three invocations of a non-interactive statically binding commitment scheme, while, the receiver computation (in the commitment stage) is limited to just sampling a random string. Unlike many previous works, we directly construct a protocol for large tags and hence avoid any non-malleability amplification steps. Our protocol is based on a black-box use of any non-interactive statistically binding commitment scheme. Such schemes, in turn, can be based on any one-to-one one-way function (or any one-way function at the cost of an extra initialization round). Previously, the best known black-box construction of non-malleable commitments required a larger (constant) number of rounds. Our construction is public-coin and makes use of only black-box simulation. Prior to our work, no public-coin constant round non-malleable commitment schemes were known based on black-box simulation. itemize Our techniques depart significantly from the techniques used previously to construct non-malleable commitment schemes. As a main technical tool, we rely on non-malleable codes in the split state model. Our proofs of security are purely combinatorial in nature. In addition, we also present a simple construction of constant round non-malleable commitments from any one-way function. While this result is not new, the main feature is its simplicity compared to any previous construction of non-malleable commitments (in any number of rounds). We believe the construction is simple enough to be covered in a graduate level course on cryptography. The construction uses non-malleable codes in the split state model in a black-box way.
Enhancing Locality in Two-Dimensional Space through Integrated Computation and Data Mappings (2007)

As the number of processors used in chip multiprocessors keeps increasing, NoC (Network-on-Chip) based multiprocessor architectures are becoming increasingly important. While the last couple of years have witnessed numerous proposals regarding how to architect NoC based parallel computing platforms, code and data mapping issues in these architectures have largely been ignored. In particular, there are very few papers so far focusing on providing compiler support for NoC based chip multiprocessor systems. Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate how an optimizing compiler can map data and computation to NoC nodes in a locality-aware manner such that the energy spent in data communications is minimized. The proposed approach formulates this locality problem within a linear algebraic framework and discusses two alternate solution strategies that determine appropriate computation/data mappings in NoC. Our experimental evaluation compares this proposed scheme against two alternate optimization strategies, one that optimizes data mapping alone and the other one that optimizes computation mapping alone. The collected results indicate that our approach improves energy consumption by about 25% with respect to a scheme that does not consider locality of communication during NoC mapping. More importantly, our results reveal that neither optimized data mapping alone nor optimized computation mapping alone is sufficient for achieving the best locality and the compiler needs to consider both in a coordinated fashion. In fact, our results show that the proposed approach improves energy consumption over the pure data mapping and pure computation mapping oriented schemes by around 22% and 20%, respectively, when considering all eight application codes we tested.
Effects of Positive Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Metabolic Disorders in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Endemic Area of Hepatitis B Virus (2021)

Patients with non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC had a relatively high prevalence of metabolic disorders and preserved liver function. However, they had advanced tumor stage compared to patients from other etiological groups. Anti-HBc positivity did not affect the clinical characteristics or prognosis of non-HBV HCC patients in this study.
The Influence of Turbulence on Mass Transfer From Cylinders (1971)

This paper describes new local mass-transfer measurements from two cylinders, coated with a layer of paradichlorobenzene (p-C6H4Cl2), to air. The cylinders were placed in cross flow, and measurements were performed at three nominal values of the Reynolds number (75, 100, 125 × 103) as well as at varying levels of turbulence intensity. In the range where the boundary layer is laminar, the effect of turbulence intensity is always to increase the transfer rate, approximately by a constant factor φ which depends on the turbulence intensity as well as the Reynolds number. Across the turbulent boundary layer and wake the influence is not systematic, as both increases and decreases are observed. The data for the stagnation line are compared with other measurements. They can all be correlated against the single parameter TuRe1/2, as suggested by a semiempirical theory due to Smith and Kuethe. However, the global correlation equation (a second-degree polynomial) differs from the originally proposed linear relationship, and the uncertainty is one of ±8 percent.
Visual–Tactile Fusion for Object Recognition (2016)

The camera provides rich visual information regarding objects and becomes one of the most mainstream sensors in the automation community. However, it is often difficult to be applicable when the objects are not visually distinguished. On the other hand, tactile sensors can be used to capture multiple object properties, such as textures, roughness, spatial features, compliance, and friction, and therefore provide another important modality for the perception. Nevertheless, effective combination of the visual and tactile modalities is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we develop a visual–tactile fusion framework for object recognition tasks. This paper uses the multivariate-time-series model to represent the tactile sequence and the covariance descriptor to characterize the image. Further, we design a joint group kernel sparse coding (JGKSC) method to tackle the intrinsically weak pairing problem in visual–tactile data samples. Finally, we develop a visual–tactile data set, composed of 18 household objects for validation. The experimental results show that considering both visual and tactile inputs is beneficial and the proposed method indeed provides an effective strategy for fusion.
Twisting light using nano-waveguide arrays (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate that an array of subwavelength channels with a spiral size distribution milled in a metal film can be used to manipulate the phase front of light beam and produce a vortex beam.
Multifunctionalized 3-Hydroxypyrroles in a Three-Step, One-Pot Cascade Process from Methyl 3-TBSO-2-diazo-3-butenoate and Nitrones (2011)

The synthesis of N-aryl-2-carboxyl-3-hydroxy-5-arylpyrroles has been achieved in high yield by the combination of a TBSO-substituted vinyldiazoacetate and nitrones in a one-pot cascade process involving copper-catalyzed Mannich addition, dirhodium-catalyzed dinitrogen extrusion and N-OTBS insertion, and acid-promoted aromatization (elimination).
Sex-Specific Lateralization of Contraction Anisocoria in Transient Pupillary Light Reflex (2009)

These results provide evidence that contraction anisocoria is more laterally asymmetric in males than in females.
Ultraviolet radiation climatology of the Earth`s surface and lower atmosphere. Final report (1999)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the driving force of tropospheric chemistry and is furthermore detrimental to most living tissues. A three year modeling program was carried out to characterize the UV radiation in the lower atmosphere, with the objective of development a climatology of UV biologically active radiation, and of photo-dissociation reaction rates that are key to tropospheric chemistry. A comprehensive model, the Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model, was developed and made available to the scientific community. The model incorporates updated spectroscopic data, recent advances in radiative transfer theory, and allows flexible customization for the needs of different users. The TUV model has been used in conjunction with satellite-derived measurements of total atmospheric ozone and cloud amount, to develop a global climatology of UV radiation reaching the surface of the Earth. Initial validation studies are highly encouraging, showing that model predictions agree with direct measurements to ca. 5--10% at times when environmental conditions are well known, and to 10--30% for monthly averages when local environmental conditions can only be estimated remotely from satellite-based measurements. Additional validation studies are continuing.
Synthesis of the Valeriana waalichi hydrocarbon sesquifenchene. Route to specifically functionalized 7,7-disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the Valeriana waalichi hydrocarbon sesquifenchene. Route to specifically functionalized 7,7-disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivativesPaul A. Grieco and Yukio MasakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1, 150–151Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00889a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (249 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Flow and Bed Change on Hydraulic Structure using CCHE2D : Focusing on Changnyong-Haman (2013)

충적하천에서 발생하는 하천의 침식과 퇴적은 흐름을 통해 발생하는 자연적인 현상이다. 침식 및 퇴적과 관련된 수치모형을 이용한 분석은 하천에 존재하는 보와 같은 수리구조물들의 유사이송을 연구하는데 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 다기능보들의 효과적인 운영을 위하여 낙동강수계에 위치해 있는 창녕함안보를 대상으로 하상변동을 예측하였다. 2차원 모형은 CCHE2D를 이용하여 유사이송이 지배적으로 발생하는 다기능보 상 하류 구간 12 km를 대상으로 침식과 퇴적에 대한 모의를 수행하였다. 2003년 태풍 "매미"사상을 대상으로 모형을 검 보정 하였으며, 모의결과와 관측값의 비교를 통하여 전체 모의구간에서 신뢰성 있는 결과가 도출되었다. 함안창녕보가 건설된 이후 태풍사상에 의한 하상변동은 상당히 증가하는 것으로 나타났고 하상변동은 유사의 재분배를 야기하였다. 보와 같은 수리구조물들은 하도내 흐름과 유속을 변화시키기 때문에 세굴과 퇴적 문제를 심화시켰다. Channel-bed of erosion and sedimentation, where eroded bed and bank materials re-deposit through the action of flow, is a natural phenomenon in alluvial systems. Analysis using a numerical model is important to understand the sediment transport mechanism associated with erosion and sedimentation near weirs and other hydraulic structures within riverine systems. The local riverbed change near a hydraulic structure (Changnyong-Haman multi-function weir in Nakdong river) has been analyzed in order to examine the effect of hydraulic structure on local bed change. A 2D numerical model (CCHE-2D) has been implemented to simulate the sedimentation and erosion over a reach (10 km) including the weir. For the calibration and verification of the model, the rainfall data from a real event (Typoon 'Maemi' in 2003) has been used for flow and stage simulation. And the simulated results show a good agreement with the observed data for whole domain. From the result, it was found that the installation and operation of weir can aggravate the local bed change caused from the flow field change and resulting redistribution of sediment.
IMPROVED WEATHERING STEEL FOR JAPAN'S COASTAL ENVIRONMENT (2001)

A new weathering steel for coastal areas was developed based on a nine-year exposure testing program combined with long-term research on the improvement of corrosion resistance of weathering steel. In Japan, the conventional weathering steel is not applicable in most of the coastal region where airborne salt is much higher than the inland region. It was found that the enhanced corrosion resistance is provided by 3% Ni content and the elimination of Cr. In this paper, the following topics are presented: (1) New weathering steel concept; (2) Effect of chemical elements on new weathering steel and its basic performance; and (3) Bridge design using new weathering steel.
Effect of Wastewater Application Device on Ammonia Volatilization (1989)

The ammonia-volatilization efficiencies of sprinklers (9/32-in.- and 5/16-in.-nozzle sizes), fan nozzles, and gated pipe are studied. Median ammonia-volatilization efficiencies over that occurring with gated pipe of 11.6%, 7.74%, and 2.8% are found for 9/32-in. (0.7cm) and 5/16-in. (0.80cm) sprinklers and for fan nozzles, respectively. The difference in volatilized efficiency between all application devices is significant. Sprinklers volatilize significantly more ammonia than do fan nozzles, which, in turn, volatilize more ammonia than does gated pipe (p = 0.025). Sufficient data are not available to determine the effects of water or air temperature or pH on volatilization. The amount of ammonia volatilization is not sufficiently large to be of design significance.