gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient aggregates in protein folding are easily mistaken for folding intermediates (1997)

It has been questioned recently whether populated intermediates are important for the protein folding process or are artefacts trapped in nonproductive pathways. We report here that the rapidly formed intermediate of the spliceosomal protein U1A is an off-pathway artefact caused by transient aggregation of denatured protein under native conditions. Transient aggregates are easily mistaken for structured monomers and could be a general problem in time-resolved folding studies.
Sequestration of Metal Cations with Zerovalent Iron NanoparticlesA Study with High Resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HR-XPS) (2007)

Applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) for removal of metal cations in water are investigated with the result that nZVI has much larger capacity than conventional materials for the sequestration of Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Ag(I). Characterizations with high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) confirm that the iron nanoparticles have a core−shell structure, which leads to exceptional properties for concurrent sorption and reductive precipitation of metal ions. For metal ions such as Zn(II) and Cd(II) with standard potential E0 very close to or more negative than that of iron (−0.41 V), the removal mechanism is sorption/ surface complex formation. For metals with E0 greatly more positive than iron, for instance Cu(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II), the removal mechanism is predominantly reduction. Meanwhile, metals with E0 slightly more positive than iron for example Ni(II) and Pb(II) can be immobilized at the nanoparticle surface by both sorption and reduction. The dual sorption and reduction mechanisms on top of the large surface of nanosized particles produce rapid reaction and high removal efficiency, and offer nZVI as an efficient material for treatment and immobilization of toxic heavy metals.
Contribution of Platelet-derived Factor Va to Thrombin Generation on Immobilized Collagen- and Fibrinogen-adherent Platelets (2001)

Adhesion of platelets to immobilized collagen induces the expression of anionic phospholipids, e.g. phosphatidylserine (PS), in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of these platelets. In contrast, of the platelets that adhere to immobilized fibrinogen only a small sub-population representing 10 +/- 3% of the total population of the fibrinogen-adherent platelets has exposed PS as probed by annexin V binding. Although the presence of PS is thought to be critical for thrombin generation at the platelet surface, no information is available about the effect of this differential PS exposure on the ability of adherent platelets to support thrombin generation. Perfusion of the fibrinogen- or collagen-adherent platelets with solutions containing factor Xa and prothrombin resulted in thrombin generation that i) increased linear during the first perfusion minutes, ii) was about two-fold faster at collagen-adherent than at fibrinogen-adherent platelets and iii) was for more than 98% restricted to the surface of the adherent platelets. It appeared that the lower thrombin generating capacity of fibrinogen-adherent platelets is not due to a lower overall surface density of PS, but is caused by lower amounts of platelet-bound factor Va. Firstly, in both cases thrombin generation could be completely attenuated with antibodies against human factor Va, and secondly, in the presence of an excess of exogenous plasma-derived factor Va similar initial rates of thrombin formation were measured for collagen- and fibrinogen-adherent platelets. Our findings suggest a unique role for immobilized collagen in maintaining haemostasis.
Promoting Growth, Yield, and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency of Crops in Maize–Wheat Cropping System by Using Polymer-Coated Diammonium Phosphate (2017)

Field experiments were conducted at Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to check the effect of polymer-coated diammonium phosphate (DAP) on maize–wheat cropping system. Different rates of polymer-coated and uncoated phosphorus (P) were applied first to maize then followed by wheat after harvesting of maize on same field. Results showed that application of 100% of recommended P from polymer-coated DAP increased plant height (10%), chlorophyll content (4%), biological yield (17%), grain yield (36%), agronomic efficiency (43%), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of maize produces, while in case of wheat 75% recommended P from polymer-coated DAP increased plant height (6%), chlorophyll content (18%), biological yield (20%), grain yield (14%), agronomic efficiency (72%), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of grains and straw as compared with uncoated DAP. So, it can be summarized that polymer-coated DAP can effectively improve growth, yield, and phosphorus-use efficiency of maize and wheat crop.
Characterization of an immunosuppressive factor from malignant ascites that resembles a factor induced in vitro by carcinoembryonic antigen. (1986)

Oncodevelopmental antigens may cause immunologic suppression in the host through release of suppressor molecules from the host's own immunoregulatory cells. This concept has been difficult to study until recently when carcinoembryonic antigen was shown to induce the release of such molecules from normal circulating human mononuclear cells in vitro. However, the amount of the suppressor moiety generated was too small to adequately characterize, and its presence in vivo, i.e., in the cancer-bearing host, was unknown. Therefore, we sought to isolate and characterize a similar or identical macromolecule from ascites having an elevated CEA level in patients with cancer. A single malignant ascites, when precipitated at 0 to 35% ammonium sulfate saturation, was the source of suppressive factor for purposes of isolation and standardization. Suppression was quantitated by reduction of [3H]thymidine incorporation by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sephadex G-200 chromatography revealed probable aggregation of the factor in isotonic buffers; aggregation was reduced in the presence of 8 M urea. Purification was achieved by precipitation with 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The suppressor factor remained soluble in TCA and demonstrated a 95-fold increase in specific activity. Analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a single protein band of 50,000 daltons. Ascites from three additional cancer patients gave identical results. Physicochemical characterization of the suppressor moiety revealed stability at 70 degrees C for 30 min and at pH 2 and pH 10 for 24 hr. Delipidation by chloroform-methanol extraction, proteolytic enzyme digestion, and protamine sulfate precipitation did not affect activity, suggesting that lipid, simple peptides, and nucleic acids were not crucial. However, periodate oxidation irreversibly destroyed suppressor activity, suggesting the importance of carbohydrate to the molecule and offering one explanation for protease resistance. Similarities in m.w. (50,000 daltons), isoelectric point (pI = 3.4), physical properties (heat and acid stability and resistance to proteases), and immunologic activity of this factor with that released from lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to carcinoembryonic antigen indicates they may be identical. Our results suggest that early aberrant events induced in the immunoregulatory network by tumor-associated antigens may be relevant and may lead to better understanding of immunosuppression in the cancer-bearing host.
Metmyoglobin Formation in Beef Stored in Carbon Dioxide Enriched and Oxygen Depleted Atmospheres (1970)

SUMMARY: A spectroreflectometric technique was used to determine the relative percentages of three myoglobin pigments, reduced myoglobin, oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin at the surface of fresh beef. It was shown that, at constant humidity, the formation of metmyoglobin in beef was maximal at 6 + 3 mm Hg of oxygen at 0°C and 7.5 ± 3 mm Hg at 7°C for semitendinosus muscles. Carbon dioxide concentrations of 10% and higher had negligible effect on the formation of metmyoglobin, provided the oxygen pressure was above about 5%. At high partial pressures of carbon dioxide, absorption of carbon dioxide increased and the pH of the surface decreased. In air, the formation of metmyoglobin varied widely from muscle to muscle.
Statistical Engineering to Stabilize Vaccine Supply (2012)

ABSTRACT Reliable vaccine supply is a critical public health concern. In this case study, statistical engineering was applied to a complex problem in vaccine production. Statistical techniques ranging from simple graphics to sophisticated time series and variance components models were needed to identify root causes. Custom solutions and monitoring methods were developed to insure long-term success. Stability of the vaccine product has been improved; long-term variability has been reduced by one third so far, with additional improvements underway. The stability of other vaccines could be improved by applying the same analysis, standardization, and monitoring approaches.
Elevated Levels of Interleukin 6 Are Reduced in Serum and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Women after Weight Loss* (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of adipose cytokines in the obesity-associated insulin resistance. To that end, we compared: 1) serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and leptin in eight healthy lean control females and in android obese female without (n = 14) and with (n = 7) type 2 diabetes; and 2) the levels of these cytokines both in serum and in sc adipose tissue in the 14 obese nondiabetic women before and after 3 weeks of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). As compared with lean controls, obese nondiabetic and diabetic patients were more insulin resistant and presented increased values for leptin, IL-6, TNFalpha, and C-reactive protein. In the whole group, IL-6 values were more closely related to the parameters evaluating insulin resistance than leptin or TNFalpha values. VLCD resulted in weight loss and decreased body fat mass (approximately 3 kg). Insulin sensitivity was improved with no significant change in both serum and adipose tissue TNFalpha levels. In contrast, VLCD induced significant decreases in IL-6 and leptin levels in both adipose tissue and serum. These results suggest that, as for leptin, circulating IL-6 concentrations reflect, at least in part, adipose tissue production. The reduced production and serum concentrations after weight loss could play a role in the improved sensitivity to insulin observed in these patients.
Validating Label Consistency in NER Data Annotation (2021)

Data annotation plays a crucial role in ensuring your named entity recognition (NER) projects are trained with the correct information to learn from. Producing the most accurate labels is a challenge due to the complexity involved with annotation. Label inconsistency between multiple subsets of data annotation (e.g., training set and test set, or multiple training subsets) is an indicator of label mistakes. In this work, we present an empirical method to explore the relationship between label (in-)consistency and NER model performance. It can be used to validate the label consistency (or catch the inconsistency) in multiple sets of NER data annotation. In experiments, our method identified the label inconsistency of test data in SCIERC and CoNLL03 datasets (with 26.7% and 5.4% label mistakes). It validated the consistency in the corrected version of both datasets.
167 Nutrient Uptake and Growth Performance of OH87 and OH97 Pear Rootstocks (2000)

One-year-old (Old Home) OH87 and OH97 pear rootstocks were grown in 2-gallon containers under natural conditions at Corvallis, Ore., in in 1999. Uniform plants were harvested during August and September, and total leaf area, new shoot number and length, and root growth were measured. The kinetics of NH 4 + and NO 3 - uptake by new roots of both rootstocks were determined with the ion-depletion technique. OH87 had larger total leaf area, and more and longer shoots than OH97. Total root biomass was similiar between the two rootstocks, but OH87 had a larger proportion of new roots and more extension roots than OH97. Both rootstocks had lower Km values for NH 4 + absorption than for NO 3 - and therefore both had greater absorptive power for NH 4 + than for NO 3 - at the low nutrient concentrations. The maximum uptake rates (V max ) of OH97 were similiar for both NH 4 + and NO 3 - absorption, but OH87 had a much higher maximum uptake rate for NO 3 - than for NH 4 + .
Search for B→hνν¯ decays with semileptonic tagging at Belle (2017)

We present the results of a search for the rare decays $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}h\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, where $h$ stands for ${K}^{+},{K}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{{K}^{*}}^{+},{{K}^{*}}^{0},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0},{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$. The results are obtained with $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We reconstruct one $B$ meson in a semileptonic decay and require a single $h$ meson but nothing else on the signal side. We observe no significant signal and set upper limits on the branching fractions. The limits set on the ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{K}^{*}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ channels are the world's most stringent.
Digital in-line holography: influence of the reconstruction function on the axial profile of a reconstructed particle image (2004)

The numerical reconstruction of an in-line digital hologram is a critical point in digital holographic particle image velocimetry. In particular, the shape of the axial profile of the reconstructed particles plays an important role in depth recovery. We show that this profile presents some oscillations when reconstructing by convolution with the Fresnel function. A window can be introduced in the expression of the reconstruction function in order to control these oscillations. The effects of this windowing are discussed and a criterion for the choice of window is given. The method is then illustrated by the processing of a digital hologram of Lycopode particles.
2-Amino-3-carboxypyridinium perchlorate (2012)

The asymmetric unit includes two crystallographically independent equivalents of the title salt, C(6)H(7)N(2)O(2) (+)·ClO(4) (-). The cations and anions form separate layers alternating along the c axis, which are linked by N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100). Further C-H⋯O contacts connect these layers, forming a three-dimensional network, in which R(4) (4)(20) rings and C(2) (2)(11) infinite chains can be identified.
How to represent IPv6 forwarding tables on IPv4 or MPLS dataplanes (2016)

The Internet routing ecosystem is facing substantial scalability challenges on the data plane. Various “clean slate” architectures for representing forwarding tables (FIBs), such as IPv6, introduce additional constraints on efficient implementations from both lookup time and memory footprint perspectives due to significant classification width. In this work, we propose an abstraction layer able to represent IPv6 FIBs on existing IP and even MPLS infrastructure. Feasibility of the proposed representations is confirmed by an extensive simulation study on real IPv6 forwarding tables, including low-level experimental performance evaluation.
SATB2-Associated Syndrome Due to a c.715C>T:p(Arg239*) Variant in Adulthood: Natural History and Literature Review (2023)

<i>SATB2</i>-associated syndrome (SAS) is a rare condition, and it is characterized by severe developmental delay/intellectual disability, especially severe speech delay/or absence, craniofacial abnormalities, and behavioral problems. Most of the published reports are limited to children, with little information about the natural history of the disease and the possible novel signs and symptoms or behavioral changes in adulthood. We describe the management and follow-up of a 25-year-old male with SAS due to a de novo heterozygous nonsense variant <i>SATB2</i>:c.715C>T:p.(Arg239*) identified by whole-exome sequencing and review the literature. The case herein described contributes to a better characterization of the natural history of this genetic condition and in addition to the genotype-phenotype correlation of the <i>SATB2</i>:c.715C>T:p.(Arg239*) variant in SAS, highlights some particularities of its management.
Scattering Techniques to Study the Microstructure of Microemulsions (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Scattering from droplet microemulsions Scattering from bicontinuous microemulsions Summary Appendix References
High anisotropy CoCrPt(B) media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2003)

CoCrPt(B) media with high magnetic anisotropy have been fabricated at a thin magnetic layer thickness (10 nm) and a thin interlayer thickness (4 nm). The hard magnetic properties of the CoCrPt enable addition of boron, which aids to magnetically decouple the grains. These media are thermally stable and have an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.
Model predictive control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using for commuting (2015)

This paper introduces a novel model predictive control method for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using for commuting. The new features of this study are as follows: (1) the optimal battery state of charge obtained from dynamic programming is used for set points of vehicle control, (2) the trip distance information is modelled in the model predictive controller. Effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated on a vehicle simulator provided by the JSAE-SICE benchmark problem 2.
Histological and molecular analysis of the long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the ultraviolet-damaged skin of hairless mice: In association with pulse duration change (2015)

Long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation promotes wound-healing process, which is characterized by the induction of growth factor expression and subsequent increase in MMPs and TIMPs, followed by matrix remodeling as confirmed by new procollagen production.
Supplementary Figures and legends from Targeting PAK4 Inhibits Ras-Mediated Signaling and Multiple Oncogenic Pathways in High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Contains supplementary figures and tables with corresponding legends. Figure S1: PAK expression and signaling in RMS. Figure S2: Generation of PAK4 knock down stable clones and phenotypic effects on tumorigenicity. Figure S3: Knockdown of PAK4 inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Figure S4: Phenotypic effects of small molecule inhibitors of PAK4. Figure S5: Pharmacological inhibition of PAK4 in vitro attenuating invasion and migration of cells. Figure S6: Target validation and body weight measurement upon treatment. Figure S7: Molecular analysis of PAK4 targeted proteome. Figure S8: Transcriptomic Analysis of KPT-9274 treated RMS tumors indicating immune modulation. Supplementary table 1: Sequence of primers. Supplementary table 2: Patient annotations.&lt;/p&gt;
Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions by Hydrogen Peroxide-Enhanced Gas-Phase Oxidation Of Nitric Oxide (1996)

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur oxides (SOX) are criteria air pollutants, emitted in large quantities from fossil-fueled electric power plants. Emissions of SOX are currently being reduced significantly in many places by wet scrubbing of the exhaust or flue gases, but most of the NOX in the flue gases is NO, which is so insoluble that it is virtually impossible to scrub. Consequently, NOX control is mostly achieved by using combustion modifications to limit the formation of NOX, or by using chemical reduction techniques to reduce NOX to N2. Low NOX burners are relatively inexpensive but can only achieve about 50% reduction in NOX emissions; selective catalytic reduction (SCR) can achieve high reductions but is very expensive. The removal of NOX in wet scrubbers could be greatly enhanced by gas-phase oxidation of the NO to NO2, HNO2, and HNO3 (the acid gases are much more soluble in water than NO). This oxidation is accomplished by injecting liquid hydrogen peroxide into the flue gas; the H2O2 vaporizes and dissociates into hydroxyl radicals. The active OH radicals then oxidize the NO and NO2. This NOX control technique might prove economically feasible at power plants with existing SO2 scrubbers. The higher chemical costs for H2O2 would be balanced by the investment cost savings, compared with an alternative such as SCR. The oxidation of NOX by using hydrogen peroxide has been demonstrated in a laboratory quartz tube reactor. NO conversions of 97% and 75% were achieved at hydrogen peroxide/NO mole ratios of 2.6 and 1.6, respectively. The reactor conditions (500 °C, a pressure of one atmosphere, and 0.7 seconds residence time) are representative of flue gas conditions for a variety of combustion sources. The oxidized NOX species were removed by caustic water scrubbing.
Collective acceleration of laser-produced ions (1985)

The collective acceleration of heavy ions (C, Al, Fe) from a laser produced plasma to energies in excess of 10 MeV/amu has been observed experimentally. In the experiments, an intense relativistic electron beam (1.2 MeV, 30 kA, 30 ns) is injected through an anode aperture into a downstream drift region. Ions to be accelerated are produced by firing a Q-switched ruby laser (0.3–15 J, 15 ns) at a target material located immediately downstream of the anode aperture. Accelerated ion energies are measured by time of flight, range-energy, and Thomson spectrometer techniques.
Dead-space-based theory correctly predicts excess noise factor for thin GaAs and AlGaAs avalanche photodiodes (2000)

The conventional McIntyre carrier multiplication theory for avalanche photodiodes (APDs) does not adequately describe the experimental results obtained from APDs with thin multiplication-regions. Using published data for thin GaAs and Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As APDs, collected from multiplication-regions of different widths, we show that incorporating dead-space in the model resolves the discrepancy. The ionization coefficients of enabled carriers that have traveled the dead space are determined as functions of the electric field, within the confines of a single exponential model for each device, independent of multiplication-region width. The model parameters are determined directly from experimental data. The use of these physically based ionization coefficients in the dead-space multiplication theory, developed earlier by Hayat et al. provide excess noise factor versus mean gain curves that accord very closely with those measured for each device, regardless of multiplication-region width. It is verified that the ratio of the dead-space to the multiplication-region width increases, for a fixed mean gain, as the width is reduced. This behavior, too, is in accord with the reduction of the excess noise factor predicted by the dead-space multiplication theory.
A Panel of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Using Urine Samples (2018)

The 6-biomarker panel for use in urine samples was able to distinguish PCa from benign prostate with higher specificity and accuracy than PSA and may be useful in clinical settings.