gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human alpha rhythms during visual delayed choice reaction time tasks: A magnetoencephalography study (2004)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) includes fast and comfortable recording procedures very suitable for the neurophysiological study of cognitive functions in aged people. In this exploratory MEG study in normal young adults, we tested whether very simple short-term memory (STM) demands induce visible changes in amplitude and latency of surface alpha rhythms. Two delayed response tasks were used. In the STM condition, a simple cue stimulus (one bit) was memorized along a brief delay period (3.5-5.5 s). In the control (no short-term memory; NSTM) condition, the cue stimulus remained available along the delay period. To make extremely simple the tasks, the explicit demand was visuospatial but the retention could be also based on phonological and somatomotor coding. Compared to the control condition, the amplitude of the alpha 1 (6-8 Hz) ERD decreased in the left hemisphere, whereas the amplitude of the alpha 2 (8-10 Hz) and alpha 3 (10-12 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) increased in right and left parietal areas, respectively. Furthermore, the latency of the alpha ERD peak was slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) later in STM compared to control condition. In conclusion, whole-head MEG technology and very simple STM demands revealed significant changes of human neuromagnetic alpha rhythms in normal young adults.
CAPE-VLSI implementation of a systolic processor array: architecture, design and testing (2002)

The singular value decomposition (SVD) is an important matrix factorization used in a variety of applications. The SVD exhibits better numerical stability due to the insensitivity to ill-conditioning or rank deficiency of matrices. However, the SVD is computationally intensive. The CORDIC array processor element (CAPE) is a single chip VLSI implementation of a processor element for the Brent-Luk-VanLoan systolic array which computes the SVD of a real matrix. The array utilizes CORDIC (coordinate rotation digital computer) arithmetic to perform the vector rotations and inverse tangent calculations in hardware. A six-chip prototype of the processor has been implemented as TinyChips using the MOSIS fabrication service. Experienced gain from designing the prototype helped in the design of integrated single-chip version. The chip has been implemented on a 5600*6900 mu die in a 2 mu n-well scalable CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 225 MHz resonant clocked ASIC chip (2003)

We have recently designed, fabricated, and successfully tested an experimental chip that validates a novel method for reducing clock dissipation through energy recovery. Our approach includes a single-phase sinusoidal clock signal, an L-C resonant sinusoidal clock generator, and an energy recovering flip-flop. Our chip comprises a dual-mode ASIC with two independent clock systems, one conventional and one energy recovering, and was fabricated in a micron bulk CMOS process. The ASIC computes a pipelined discrete wavelet transform with self-test and contains over 3500 gates. We have verified correct functionality and obtained power measurements in both modes of operation for frequencies up to 225MHz. In the energy recovering mode, our power measurements account for all of the dissipation factors, including the operation of the integrated resonant clock generator, and show a net energy savings over the conventional mode of operation. For example, at 115MHz, measured dissipation is between 60% and 75% of the conventional mode, depending on primary input activity. To our knowledge, this is the first ever published account of a direct experimentally-measured comparison between a complete energy recovering ASIC chip and its conventional implementation correctly operating in silicon at frequencies exceeding 100MHz.
Growth patterns and histochemical characterization of bovine mammary corpora amylacea. (1986)

Corpora amylacea in bovine mammary tissue were quantified across a range of size differentials for histochemical properties, lactation age, and lactation stage, in an attempt to characterize amyloid nucleation and growth. At all size classifications, corpora stained positively for amyloid, calcium deposits, and glycoprotein, while staining negatively for mucopolysaccharides. Prevalence of corpora amylacea among the size differentials was unrelated to age of lactating animals, although no corpora were observed in quarters of primiparous heifers at parturition. Corpora amylacea were most abundant during the later stages of lactation for all size differentials, and least abundant during late involution and early lactation. The majority of corpora were observed in alveolar lumens at all stages of lactation. Our results suggest that corpora amylacea development is not restricted to a particular stage of lactation, although their nucleation appears to occur within the alveolar lumens. Gradual increases in both size and numbers of corpora from parturition to late lactation suggest that development of these structures accelerates as lactation progresses. Morphological relationships between corpora amylacea and mammary parenchymal tissue during the later stages of lactation suggest that these structures may have a role in the involutionary process. These findings provide the foundation for additional immunocytochemical techniques to determine the origin of amyloid fibril components.
Anti‐inflammatory potential of black carrot (Daucus carota L.) polyphenols in a co‐culture model of intestinal Caco‐2 and endothelial EA.hy926 cells (2016)

Overall, these results show that the polyphenol-rich black carrot absorption products may function through an inhibitory regulation of the inflammatory cascade in endothelial cells.
Electrolyte derangements in critically ill children receiving balanced versus unbalanced crystalloid fluid resuscitation (2022)

LR is associated with fewer electrolyte derangements compared to 0.9%NaCl. Prospective interventional trials are needed to validate these findings.
Noninvasive Sleep Scoring in Mice using Electric Field Sensors (2019)

Abstract Background Rodent sleep scoring in principally reliant on electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG), but this approach is invasive, can be expensive, and requires expertise and specialized equipment. Affordable, simple to use, and noninvasive ways to accurately quantify rodent sleep are needed. New method We developed and validated a new method for sleep-wake staging in mice using cost-effective, noninvasive electric field (EF) sensors that detect respiration and other movements. We validated recordings from EF sensors attached to the exterior of specialty chambers used to continuously capture sleep with EEG/EMG, then compared this to EF sensors attached to vivarium home-cages. Results EF sensors quantified 3-state sleep architecture (wake, rapid eye movement – REM – sleep, and non-REM sleep) with high agreement (&gt;93%) and comparable inter- and intra-scorer error as expert EEG/EMG scoring. Novices given an instruction document with examples were able to score sleep comparable to expert scorers (&gt;91% agreement). Additionally, EF sensors were able to quantify 3-state sleep scoring in traditional mouse home cages. Comparison with existing method Most noninvasive sleep assessment technology requires animal contact, altered cage environments, and/or can only discern 2 states of arousal (wake or asleep). The EF sensors are able to discriminate REM from non-REM sleep accurately and from outside the animal’s home cage. Conclusions EF sensors provide a simple and reliable method to accurately score 3-state sleep architecture; (i) from outside the typical home cage, (ii) where noninvasive approaches are preferred, or (iii) which EEG/EMG is not possible. Graphical Abstract
Preparation of wood-based SiC biological ceramic. (2009)

Wood-based SiC biological ceramic,which contains nano-micro rods,was prepared at 1?450℃ under Ar_2 atmosphere for 5?hrs from Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood which was carbonized and then impregnated with silicon dioxide solution.The scanning electronic microscropy images also revealed that some bamboo-like nano-micro rods of 100-500?nm in diameter with different lengths grew inside the lumen of charcoal.The X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction showed that the main component of nano-micro rods was silicon carbon.At the same time,a few unreacted silicon dioxide particles of micron-sized diameter were found on the cell wall of charcoal.
mNos2Deletion and HumanNOS2Replacement in Alzheimer Disease Models (2014)

Understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer disease relies on knowledge of disease onset and the sequence of development of brain pathologies. We present a comprehensive analysis of early and progressive changes in a mouse model that demonstrates a full spectrum of characteristic Alzheimer disease-like pathologies. This model demonstrates an altered immune redox state reminiscent of the human disease and capitalizes on data indicating critical differences between human and mouse immune responses, particularly in nitric oxide levels produced by immune activation of the NOS2 gene. Using the APPSwDI(+)/(+)mNos2(-/-) (CVN-AD) mouse strain, we show a sequence of pathologic events leading to neurodegeneration,which include pathologically hyperphosphorylated tau in the perforant pathway at 6 weeks of age progressing to insoluble tau, early appearance of β-amyloid peptides in perivascular deposits around blood vessels in brain regions known to be vulnerable to Alzheimer disease, and progression to damage and overt loss in select vulnerable neuronal populations in these regions. The role of species differences between hNOS2 and mNos2 was supported by generating mice in which the human NOS2 gene replaced mNos2. When crossed with CVN-AD mice, pathologic characteristics of this new strain (APPSwDI(+)/(-)/HuNOS2(tg+)/(+)/mNos2(-/-)) mimicked the pathologic phenotypes found in the CVN-AD strain.
Overexpression of Protective Antigen as a Novel Approach To Enhance Vaccine Efficacy ofBrucella abortusStrain RB51 (2000)

Brucella abortus strain RB51 is an attenuated rough strain that is currently being used as the official live vaccine for bovine brucellosis in the United States and several other countries. We reasoned that overexpression of a protective antigen(s) of B. abortus in strain RB51 should enhance its vaccine efficacy. To test this hypothesis, we overexpressed Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein of B. abortus in strain RB51. This was accomplished by transforming strain RB51 with a broad-host-range plasmid, pBBR1MCS, containing the sodC gene along with its promoter. Strain RB51 overexpressing SOD (RB51SOD) was tested in BALB/c mice for its ability to protect against challenge infection with virulent strain 2308. Mice vaccinated with RB51SOD, but not RB51, developed antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses to Cu/Zn SOD. Strain RB51SOD vaccinated mice developed significantly (P < 0.05) more resistance to challenge than those vaccinated with strain RB51 alone. The presence of the plasmid alone in strain RB51 did not alter its vaccine efficacy. Also, overexpression of SOD did not alter the attenuation characteristic of strain RB51.
Bioactive coating of zirconia toughened alumina ceramic implants improves cancellous osseointegration (2019)

Bioactive coatings have the potential to improve the bony integration of mechanically loaded orthopedic ceramic implants. Using the concept of mimicking the natural bone surface, four different coatings of varying thickness on a zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic implant were investigated regarding their osseointegration in a drill-hole model in sheep. The hypothesis that a bioactive coating of ZTA ceramics would facilitate cancellous bone integration was investigated. The bioactive coatings consisted of either a layer of covalently bound multi phosphonate molecules (chemical modification = CM), a nano hydoxyapatite coating (HA), or two different bioactive glass (BG) coatings in micrometer thickness, forming a hydroxyl-carbonate apatite layer on the implant surface in vivo (dip-coated 45S5 = DipBG; sol-gel 70S30C = SGBG). Coated surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After 12 weeks, osseointegration was evaluated via mechanical push-out testing and histology. HA enhanced the maximum push-out force (HA: mean 3573.85 ± 1119.91 N; SGBG: mean 1691.57 ± 986.76 N; p = 0.046), adhesive shear strength (HA: mean 9.82 ± 2.89 MPA; SGBG: mean 4.57 ± 2.65 MPA; p = 0.025), and energy release rate (HA: mean 3821.95 ± 1474.13 J/mm<sup>2</sup>; SGBG: mean 1558.47 ± 923.47 J/mm<sup>2</sup>; p = 0.032) compared to SGBG. The implant-bone interfacial stiffness increased by CM compared to SGBG coating (CM: mean 6258.06 ± 603.80 N/mm; SGBG: mean 3565.57 ± 1705.31 n/mm; p = 0.038). Reduced mechanical osseointegration of SGBG coated implants could be explained histologically by a foreign body reaction surrounding the implants.
Mechanistic insights into photocatalysis and over two days of stable H2 generation in electrocatalysis by a molecular cobalt catalyst immobilized on TiO2 (2020)

Molecular and heterogeneous water reduction combined: Over 2 days of electrocatalysis of a cobalt polypyridyl catalyst immobilized on TiO<sub>2</sub>.
Work of breathing during assisted modes of ventilation (1997)

Respiratory muscle dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ventilatory failure resulting from various diseases. Apart from its life-saving potential, positive-pressure mechanical ventilation has long been regarded as a therapeutic intervention that spares the respiratory muscles from an undue breathing workload. Over the past several years, increasing attention has been paid to patients' work of breathing during assisted forms of mechanical ventilation. Although ventilatory support has been used for more than two decades, only recently has clear insight been gained into the factors governing patient effort during its use. In this review, we focus on recent progress in this area and its relevance in the day-today management of critically ill patients requiring ventilatory support.
Laboratory and Field Investigations of Bovine Myxovirus Parainfluenza 3 Virus and Vaccine (1961)

Summary Comparison was made of the properties of the bovine SF-4 and the human HA-1 strains of Myxovirus parainfluenza 3 virus. Both grew abundantly in tissue cultures of bovine and monkey renal epithelium, causing characteristic cytopathic change. Antigenic difference between the strains was demonstrated in serum neutralization, CF and HI tests. The SF-4 strain generally appeared to have an antigenic composition more broad than that of the HA-1 virus. The two strains also differed in that the SF-4 antigen agglutinated chicken erythrocytes at room temperature but the HA-1 virus failed to do so. Tests for presence of nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination in human, bovine and rabbit antisera against Myxovirus parainfluenza 1 and 3 viruses were negative. It was concluded that nonspecific inhibitors for the parainfluenza viruses tested were either absent entirely or of such low titer as to be without consequence in serodiagnostic and sero-epidemiologic studies with these agents. Complete correspondence in the diagnostic results of paired sera from cases of SF-4 virus infection in calves was obtained using the serum neutralization, CF and HI techniques.
Design And Characterization Of A Schottky Infrared Charge Coupled Device (IRCCD) Focal Plane Array (1982)

We describe the physics, construction, operational properties, and performance of Schottky mosaic sensors utilizing platinum silicide as the sensing layer. These devices are monolithic and are fabricated with standard integrated circuit grade silicon. Data are presented on quantum yield, transfer characteristic, uniformity and integration ele-ment size. The sensitivity and wide dynamic range of these devices are demonstrated by measurement and imagery. The construction and performance of a second generation, 32 x 64 element, area array is discussed. Several examples of thermal imagery are shown.
Analysis of Transient Performance of a Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant (2003)

Electrical energy storage might become a strategic topic if distributed generation will be matched with stochastic sources as wind or sun. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is one of the most promising options today: energy is stored as pressurized air in a cavern. Transient phenomena, occurring during the charging process, are analyzed in this paper. Two kinds of systems are considered with or without pressure compensation; in fact a water column can be used to link the cavern to a pond in order to compensate the pressure oscillations. A lumped parameter model has been adjusted by the authors to simulate the initial charging and the subsequent surge. The obtained results supply some insight about the safe working conditions and also the surge operation.
Replicative senescence, aging, and cancer (2007)

One of the fundamental properties of mitotically competent human somatic cells is an innately programmed barrier to unlimited proliferation. This process, known as replicative (or proliferative) senescence, may serve as one of many safeguards to maintain cellular integrity necessitated by the extended longevity of humans. Species such as rodents, which live for only a few years, can protect cells by such functions as DNA repair and antioxidant pathways. In humans, these conventional cellular defense strategies, which might otherwise fail over the many decades of human life, are bolstered by the mechanism of replicative senescence.
Conversion of Tyr361β to Leu in Mammalian Protein Farnesyltransferase Impairs Product Release but Not Substrate Recognition (2000)

Protein farnesyltransferase catalyzes the lipid modification of protein substrates containing Met, Ser, Gln, or Ala at their C-terminus. A closely related enzyme, protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I, carries out a similar modification of protein substrates containing a C-terminal Leu residue. Analysis of a mutant of protein farnesyltransferase containing a Tyr-to-Leu substitution at position 361 in the beta subunit led to the conclusion that the side chain of this Tyr residue played a major role in recognition of the protein substrates. However, no interactions have been observed between this Tyr residue and peptide substrates in the crystal structures of protein farnesyltransferase. In an attempt to reconcile these apparently conflicting data, a thorough kinetic characterization of the Y361L variant of mammalian protein farnesyltransferase was performed. Direct binding measurements for the Y361L variant yielded peptide substrate binding that was actually some 40-fold tighter than that with the wild-type enzyme. In contrast, binding of the peptide substrate for protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I was very weak. The basis for the discrepancy was uncovered in a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis, which revealed that the Y361L variant catalyzed farnesylation of a normal peptide substrate at a rate similar to that of the wild-type enzyme in a single turnover, but that subsequent turnover was prevented. These and additional studies revealed that the Y361L variant does not "switch" protein substrate specificity as concluded from steady-state parameters; rather, this variant exhibits severely impaired product dissociation with its normal substrate, a situation resulting in a greatly compromised steady-state activity.
Cytokeratin-Positive Cells in the Bone Marrow and Survival of Patients with Stage I, II, or III Breast Cancer (2000)

Background Cytokeratins are specific markers of epithelial cancer cells in bone marrow. We assessed the influence of cytokeratin-positive micrometastases in the bone marrow on the prognosis of women with breast cancer. Methods We obtained bone marrow aspirates from both upper iliac crests of 552 patients with stage I, II, or III breast cancer who underwent complete resection of the tumor and 191 patients with nonmalignant disease. The specimens were stained with the monoclonal antibody A45-B/B3, which binds to an antigen on cytokeratins. The median follow-up was 38 months (range, 10 to 70). The primary end point was survival. Results Cytokeratin-positive cells were detected in the bone marrow specimens of 2 of the 191 control patients with nonmalignant conditions (1 percent) and 199 of the 552 patients with breast cancer (36 percent). The presence of occult metastatic cells in bone marrow was unrelated to the presence or absence of lymph-node metastasis (P=0.13). After four years of follow-up, the presence of micrometastases in bone marrow was associated with the occurrence of clinically overt distant metastasis and death from cancerrelated causes (P<0.001), but not with locoregional relapse (P=0.77). Of 199 patients with occult metastatic cells, 49 died of cancer, whereas of 353 patients without such cells, 22 died of cancer-related causes (P<0.001). Among the 301 women without lymphnode metastases, 14 of the 100 with bone marrow micrometastases died of cancer-related causes, as did 2 of the 201 without bone marrow micrometastases (P<0.001). The presence of occult metastatic cells in bone marrow, as compared with their absence, was an independent prognostic indicator of the risk of death from cancer (relative risk, 4.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.51 to 6.94; P<0.001), after adjustment for the use of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions The presence of occult cytokeratinpositive metastatic cells in bone marrow increases the risk of relapse in patients with stage I, II, or III breast cancer. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:525-33.)
Maternal Alcohol Use During Pregnancy Causes Systemic Oxidation of the Glutathione Redox System (2009)

Alcohol use during pregnancy, particularly at levels >3 drinks/occasion, caused significant oxidation of the systemic GSH system in the postpartum women. The clinical ramifications of the observed alcohol-induced oxidation of the GSH redox system on high risk pregnancies or on the exposed offspring require more accurate identification and further investigation.
Tracking domestic ducks: A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission (2016)

Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System (GPS) locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) cellular telephone system. For the first time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide direct, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our findings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future telemetry studies in poultry network analyses.