gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PTEN‐ and p53‐mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by FTY720 in gastric cancer cells and nude mice (2010)

FTY720, a new immunosuppressant, derived from ISP-1, has been studied for its putative anti-cancer properties in the recent years. In this study, we have reported that FTY720 greatly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation for the first time, and found this effect was associated with G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Results from our Western blotting and Real-time PCR showed that FTY720 induced obvious PTEN expression in a p53-independent way, consistent with a substantial decrease in p-Akt and MDM2. FTY720 dramatically increased the expression of Cip1/p21, p27, and BH3-only proteins through the accumulation of p53 by PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/MDM2 signaling. Suppression of PTEN expression with siRNA significantly reduced the p53 and p21 levels and activated Akt, resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased cell survival. Furthermore, we have observed an additive effect of FTY720 in killing gastric cancer cells when in combination with Cisplatin, partly through PTEN-mediated Akt/MDM2 inhibition. In vivo study has also shown that tumor growth was significantly suppressed after FTY720 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that FTY720 induces a significant increase of PTEN, which inhibits p-Akt and MDM2, and then increases the level of p53, thereby inducing G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. We have characterized a novel immunosuppressant, for the first time, which shows potential anti-tumor effects on gastric cancer by PTEN activation through p53-independent mechanism, especially in combination with Cisplatin. This PTEN target-based therapy is worth further investigation and warrants clinical evaluation.
Context-aware assistive devices for older adults with dementia (2002)

There has been a significant increase in research into assistive devices for people with cognitive disabilities. The majority of this research has focused on the development of devices for younger adults who have learning impairments or brain injury. These devices have not been acceptable for use by older adults who have dementia. This paper will provide an overview of how the principles of context-aware design may be applied to the design of future assistive devices to make them suitable for older adults with dementia. Several examples of devices specifically designed for this population will be provided.
Impact of Thiocyanate Salts on Physical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Zein Films (2013)

ABSTRACT A new class of zein additives was investigated, thiocyanate salts. Ammonium, potassium, guanidine (GTC), and magnesium thiocyanate salts were added to solutions of zein in with various amounts of tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG), cast as films, and then tested to determine the impact that each salt had on properties. The presence of these salts affected solution rheology and intrinsic viscosity, demonstrating that the salts interacted with the protein. It was found that these salts acted as plasticizers, as they lowered the glass transition temperature of zein when evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry. In zein films in which TEG was present, these salts increased elongation and reduced tensile strength. However, unlike traditional plasticizers (such as TEG), when the salts were used as the only additive, elongation was not increased and tensile strength was not decreased. Of the salts tested, GTC in combination with TEG was found to increase elongation the most. The impact of salts on elongation was greatly affected by the relative humidity in which the samples were stored.
Spin effects in the local density of states of GaAs (2001)

We present spin-resolved measurements of the local density of states in Si doped GaAs. Both spin components exhibit strong mesoscopic fluctuations. In the magnetic quantum limit, the main features of the spin-up and spin-down components of the local density of states are found to be identical apart from Zeeman splitting. Based on this observation, we introduce a mesoscopic method to measure the $g$-factor in a material where macroscopic methods are severely restricted by disorder. Differences between the spin-up and spin-down components are discussed in terms of spin relaxation due to spin-orbit coupling.
The Drivers of Social Preferences: Evidence from a Nationwide Tipping Field Experiment (2019)

Even though social preferences affect nearly every facet of life, there exist many open questions on the economics of social preferences in markets.We leverage a unique opportunity to generate a large data set to inform the who's, what's, where's, and when's of social preferences through the lens of a nationwide tipping field experiment on the Uber platform.Our field experiment generates data from more than 40 million trips, allowing an exploration of social preferences in the ride sharing market using big data.Combining experimental and natural variation in the data, we are able to establish tipping facts as well as provide insights into the underlying motives for tipping.Interestingly, even though tips are made privately, and without external social benefits or pressure, more than 15% of trips are tipped.Yet, nearly 60% of people never tip, and only 1% of people always tip.Overall, the demand-side explains much more of the observed tipping variation than the supply-side.
Methylprednisolone reduces adhesion molecules in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with MS (1998)

Megadose MP may suppress brain inflammation by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells from blood and CSF of MS patients. The inhibition of cellular trafficking in MS by MP offers an important means of altering the autoimmune response in MS.
Disordered personalities at work (2004)

Current categorical classification systems of personality disorders (PDs) remain widely used amid growing evidence that argues against the conceptualisation of PDs as independent, discrete entities. Adopting the dimensional perspective of Morey et al. (Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 245–251, 1985), this study compared PD traits across forensic, psychiatric and “normal” senior business manager samples. There was particular interest in the relative representations of elements of PD closely associated with psychopathic PD because of research suggesting that some “psychopaths” operate within mainstream society, and links that have been made between elements of these so-called “successful” psychopaths, and characteristics associated with success in senior business management roles. The dimensional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scales for DSM III Personality Disorders (MMPI-PD) were shown to be internally consistent for the “normal” sample. Evidence for the qualitative equivalence of the four PD profiles emerged. The PD profile of the senior business manager sample was found to contain significant elements of PD, particularly those that have been referred to as the “emotional components” of psychopathic PD. The findings provide strong support for the continuous distribution of personality disordered traits.
Abstract 1824: Pilsicainide, a Pure Sodium Channel Blocker, Enhances the Arrhythmogenic Endocardial Substrate in Brugada Syndrome. (2007)

Background: Epicardial electrical abnormalities, especially those in right ventricular (RV) outflow tract, are likely to be involved in the arrhythmogenic substrates in Brugada syndrome (BS). Howev...
Crystal structure of diethyl 2-( 1-methyl-5-nitro- 1H-imidazol- 4-ylmethylene)malonate, C12H15N3O6 (2005)

Article Crystal structure of diethyl 2-( 1-methyl-5-nitro- 1H-imidazol- 4-ylmethylene)malonate, C12H15N3O6 was published on April 1, 2005 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 220, issue 1-4).
Multiphoton quantum interference in multiport integrated optical circuits: from teleportation to boson sampling (2015)

Building complex quantum systems has the potential to reveal new phenomena that cannot be studied using classical simulation. Photonics has proven to be an effective means to engineer quantum systems of this kind, and for the investigation of such effects. Scaling to large numbers of photons and components for their manipulation is facilitated by the compactness, inherent phase stability and simple alignment afforded by integrated photonic systems.
Prostaglandin receptors on human platelets. Structure-activity relationships of stimulatory prostaglandins (1978)

1. Synthetic analogues of prostaglandins E2 or F2a (monocyclic bisenoic prostaglandins), like the endogenous prostaglandin endoperoxides (prostaglandins G2 and H2) from platelets, and like synthetic analogues of prostaglandin H2 (bicyclic bisenoic prostaglandins), can induce aggregation of human platelets, although prostaglandins E2 and F2a themselves are inactive. 2. All the prostanoid compounds that induce platelet aggregation release 5-hydroxytryptamine from platelet dense bodies, but do not release beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from lysosomal granules. Arachidonic acid evokes a similar response. 3. All endoperoxide analogues tested (bicyclic compounds) were powerful platelet stimulants, and all active compounds (whether mono- or bi-cyclid) apparently acted via the same receptor as the endogenous prostaglandin endoperoxides. 4. The nature and stereospecificity of substituents at positions 11 and 15 (or 16) on prostaglandin E2 are critical determinants for platelet-stimulating activity: deoxy substitution at position 11 plus methylation at position 15 (or 16) produces a potent stimulant, particularly if the groups around C-15 are in the S configuration. 5. The effects of these structural modifications are apparently due to, at least in part, a change in side-chain conformation.
The status of Johnson noise thermometry (1996)

Since Johnson's experimental observations of thermal noise in 1927, and Nyquist's explanation of the phenomenon shortly afterwards in 1928, thermal noise has attracted interest as a means of measuring temperature. The independence of the thermal noise from the material nature of the sensor makes it particularly attractive for metrological applications. However, the noise signals are extremely small and some ingenuity is required to make accurate measurements. This paper reviews the foundations of Johnson noise thermometry and the various techniques that have been employed to measure temperature via Johnson noise. Emphasis is placed on key developments in noise thermometers for metrological applications. The review includes the current activities of teams involved in noise thermometry research.
The kidney plays a major role in the hyperammonemia seen after simulated or actual GI bleeding in patients with cirrhosis (2003)

M Olde Damink, Steven W; Jalan, Rajiv; P Deutz, Nicolaas E; Redhead, Doris N; C Dejong, Cornelis H; Hynd, Paula; Jalan, Rosy A; Hayes, Peter C; Soeters, Peter B
Doppler-aided track initiation algorithm (2015)

For traditional track initiation algorithms, target tracks are usually initiated using position measurements. However, many radar systems can also provide Doppler measurements. In this paper, we study how to perform track initiation based on position measurements plus Doppler measurements. Due to the fact that target radial velocity usually does not change too much at the track initiation stage, it is reasonable to assume that a target will appear at the same Doppler channel. With this concept, we construct radial range constraint based on Doppler measurement and spatial location constraint based on a maximum velocity, and select validated measurements at the same Doppler channel of a given track head. Numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can decrease the false track probability and the average false track number to a large extent. Besides, compared with the traditional sequential track initiation strategy, a better track initiation performance can be obtained at the same false track level.
VX Fate on Common Matrices: Evaporation versus Degradation (2012)

A study of the volatilization rate of the nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-(N,N-diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate) from various urban matrices in a specially designed climatic chamber (model system) is described. The performance of the model system combined with the analytical procedure produced profiles of vapor concentration obtained from samples of VX dispersed as small droplets on the surfaces of the matrices. The results indicated that the bitumen-containing surfaces such as asphalt blocks and bitumen sheets conserve VX and slow-release part of it over a long period of time. No complete mass balance could be obtained for these surfaces. Influence of environmental and experimental parameters as well as the efficacy of decontamination procedure were also measured. From smooth surface tiles a fast release of VX was measured and almost a complete mass balance was obtained, which characterizes the behavior of inert surfaces. Experiments carried out on concrete blocks showed fast decay of the concentration profile along with a very poor reconstruction of the initial quantity of VX, implying that this matrix degraded VX actively due to its multiple basic catalytic sites. To complement this study, solid-state NMR measurements were compared to add data concerning agent-fate within the matrices.
Characterization of Nontoxic and Toxin-Producing Strains ofAlexandrium minutum(Dinophyceae) in Irish Coastal Waters (2007)

A comparative analysis of the morphology, toxin composition, and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences was performed on a suite of clonal cultures of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim. These were established from resting cysts or vegetative cells isolated from sediment and water samples taken from the south and west coasts of Ireland. Results revealed that strains were indistinguishable, both morphologically and through the sequencing of the D1-D2 domain of the large subunit and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the rDNA. High-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection analysis, however, showed that only strains derived from retentive inlets on the southern Irish coast synthesized paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins (GTX2 and GTX3), whereas all strains of A. minutum isolated from the west coast were nontoxic. Toxin analysis of net hauls, taken when A. minutum vegetative cells were in the water column, revealed no PSP toxins in samples from Killary Harbor (western coast), whereas GTX2 and GTX3 were detected in samples from Cork Harbor (southern coast). These results confirm the identity of A. minutum as the most probable causative organism for historical occurrences of contamination of shellfish with PSP toxins in Cork Harbor. Finally, random amplification of polymorphic DNA was carried out to determine the degree of polymorphism among strains. The analysis showed that all toxic strains from Cork Harbor clustered together and that a separate cluster grouped all nontoxic strains from the western coast.
o ‐Tolualdehyde (2003)

Abstract o ‐Tolualdehyde product: o ‐tolualdehyde : p ‐Bromobenzaldehyde : Benzaldehyde : p ‐Carbomethoxybenzaldehyde : p ‐Cyanobenzaldehyde : p ‐Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde
Adaptive Actuator Nonlinearity Compensation and Disturbance Rejection Applied to Aircraft Models with Synthetic Jet Actuators (2010)

An adaptive approach is developed to simultaneously compensate for actuator nonlinearites and reject actuation disturbances. An adaptive inverse is used to cancel the eect of an actuator nonlinearity with unknown parameters. An adaptive disturbance rejection signal is added to cancel the eect of constant and nonconstant actuation disturbances. A feedback control law is used to control the dynamics of the system. This approach is applied to an aircraft ight control system model. Four types of linear time-invariant systems are studied: the nominal system (with neither actuator nonlinearities nor actuation disturbances), systems with actuator nonlinearities, systems with actuation disturbances, and systems with both actuator nonlinearities and actuation disturbances.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation Using Passive RFID in Indoor Environment (2009)

This paper proposes an efficient method for localization and pose estimation for mobile robot navigation using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID). We assume that the robot is able to identify IC tags and measure the robot's pose based on the relation between the previous and current location according to the IC tags. However, there arises the problem of uncertainty of location due to the nature of the antenna and IC tags. In other words, an error is always present which is relative to the sensing area of the antenna. Many researches have used external sensors in order to reduce the location errors, with few researches presented involving purely RFID driven systems. Our proposed algorithm that uses only passive RFID is able to estimate the robot's location and orientation more precisely by using trigonometric functions and the IC tags' Cartesian coordinates in a regular gridlike pattern. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively estimates both the location and the pose of a mobile robot during navigation.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Carbon Black Conductive Composites for Fdm Feedstock: An Exploratory Study (2016)

This exploratory study developed methods of manufacturing and characterizing the electrical properties of small batches of conductive composite feedstock for the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) manufacturing process, commonly known as 3D printing. We utilized a solution casting process of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) (Grade 4043D, NatureWorks, LLC.) and Carbon Black (CB) (Vulcan® XC72, Cabot Corp.) in chloroform. The resulting composite precursor was cryogenically treated with liquid nitrogen and milled in a coffee grinder in order to achieve particles that could be fed into the extruder. Composite precursors were dried in a vacuum oven at an elevated temperature of 38°C. Filaments were produced via filament extruder (Filastruder 2.0). Volume resistivity was measured using a modified method of ASTM D991-89 with a customized test fixture. Compositions ranging from 0.1 to 45 vol% of CB were manufactured in this way. Results indicated that compositions of 25 vol% and 30 vol% CB showed regions of conductivity in the filament, however their conductivities were highly inconsistent, with lengths of filament having both conductive and nonconductive regions. Regions that did conduct were ohmic, with volume resistivities ranging from 1.4 to 63 * 10-2 ohm*m. Samples with concentrations of 35 vol% and greater were unable to be extruded effectively due to the limitations of the equipment available.
Geographical contrasts of Y‐chromosomal haplogroups from wild and domestic goats reveal ancient migrations and recent introgressions (2022)

By their paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single-nucleotide variants in the SRY, ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y-chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y-chromosomal variants from whole-genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated domestic haplogroups corresponding to Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, whereas Y1A is split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All five haplogroups were detected in 26 ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe or Asia. Haplotypes from present-day bezoars are not shared with domestic goats and are attached to deep nodes of the trees and networks. Haplogroup distributions for 186 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks and expansions during migrations into northern Europe, eastern and southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. In addition, sharing of haplogroups indicates male-mediated introgressions, most notably an early gene flow from Asian goats into Madagascar and the crossbreeding that in the 19th century resulted in the popular Boer and Anglo-Nubian breeds. More recent introgressions are those from European goats into the native Korean goat population and from Boer goat into Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal variants for reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographical range.
Trypanosoma cruzi, Etiological Agent of Chagas Disease, Is Virulent to Its Triatomine Vector Rhodnius prolixus in a Temperature-Dependent Manner (2015)

It is often assumed that parasites are not virulent to their vectors. Nevertheless, parasites commonly exploit their vectors (nutritionally for example) so these can be considered a form of host. Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan found in mammals and triatomine bugs in the Americas, is the etiological agent of Chagas disease that affects man and domestic animals. While it has long been considered avirulent to its vectors, a few reports have indicated that it can affect triatomine fecundity. We tested whether infection imposed a temperature-dependent cost on triatomine fitness. We held infected insects at four temperatures between 21 and 30°C and measured T. cruzi growth in vitro at the same temperatures in parallel. Trypanosoma cruzi infection caused a considerable delay in the time the insects took to moult (against a background effect of temperature accelerating moult irrespective of infection status). Trypanosoma cruzi also reduced the insects' survival, but only at the intermediate temperatures of 24 and 27°C (against a background of increased mortality with increasing temperatures). Meanwhile, in vitro growth of T. cruzi increased with temperature. Our results demonstrate virulence of a protozoan agent of human disease to its insect vector under these conditions. It is of particular note that parasite-induced mortality was greatest over the range of temperatures normally preferred by these insects, probably implying adaptation of the parasite to perform well at these temperatures. Therefore we propose that triggering this delay in moulting is adaptive for the parasites, as it will delay the next bloodmeal taken by the bug, thus allowing the parasites time to develop and reach the insect rectum in order to make transmission to a new vertebrate host possible.
Antimicrobial-induced endotoxaemia in patients with sepsis in the field of acute pyelonephritis. (2003)

With the exception of an early peak in the serum levels of LPS and TNFalpha in patients treated with cefuroxime, no significant difference could be detected amongst the study groups as far as their effect on serum levels of LPS and TNFalpha were concerned. This suggests that these three antimicrobial agents may be administered safely at the early stages of sepsis.
The Sequestration of Bile Acids, A Non-Absorbed Method for Cholesterol Reduction. A Review (1997)

Abstract: Cholesterol lowcri11g therapies arc availahlc which act via several different mechanisms. The therapeutic classes currently available which afford these mechanisms arc diet, statins, fibrates, niacin, probucol and sequestrants. This review will focus on the various hilc acid scqucslranls, a class or lhcrapculics which has been under utilized due to patient compliance issues attributed lo the quantity or material required for effective treatment.
Heterologous expression of leader-less pga gene in Pichia pastoris: intracellular production of prokaryotic enzyme (2010)

Presented results provide useful data regarding fermentation strategy, intracellular biosynthetic potential, and consequences of the heterologous expression of PGAEc in P. pastoris X-33. Aberrant processing of the precursor of PGAEc in the cytosol yielded the mature enzyme with modified traits.