gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NFkB is essential for activin-induced colorectal cancer migration via upregulation of PI3K-MDM2 pathway (2017)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a common and deadly cancer due to metastatic disease. Activin and TGFB (TGFβ) signaling are growth suppressive pathways that exert non-canonical pro-metastatic effects late in CRC carcinogenesis. We have recently shown that activin downregulates p21 via ubiquitination and degradation associated with enhanced cellular migration independent of SMADs. To investigate the mechanism of metastatic activin signaling, we examined activated NFkB signaling and activin ligand expression in CRC patient samples and found a strong correlation. We hypothesize that activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 by NFkB leads to p21 degradation in response to activin treatment. To dissect the link between activin and pro-carcinogenic NFkB signaling and downstream targets, we found that activin but not TGFB induced activation of NFkB leading to increased MDM2 ubiquitin ligase via PI3K. Further, overexpression of wild type p65 NFkB increased MDM2 expression while the NFkB inhibitors NEMO-binding domain (NBD) and Bay11-7082 blocked the activin-induced increase in MDM2. In conclusion, in colon cancer cell migration, activin utilizes NFkB to induce MDM2 activity leading to the degradation of p21 in a PI3K dependent mechanism. This provides new mechanistic knowledge linking activin and NFkB signaling in advanced colon cancer which is applicable to targeted therapeutic interventions.
Characterization and optimization of positive-tone DUV resists on TiN substrates (1997)

Chemically amplified resists are notoriously sensitive to substrate contaminations. Such substrates include Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, SOG, SiO2 and TiN. Contaminations can result in deactivation of the acid catalyst, leading to resist footing for positive tone deep UV resists. In this paper we have tested several state of the art deep UV resists on TiN. Through cross-sectional inspections, it was seen that several of the most advanced resists available still suffer from footing on TiN. By varying the process parameters of the TiN PVD process, TiN layers with various ratios of Ti:N were obtained. Variations in TiN composition result in changes of deactivation of acid catalyst. In addition, optical properties of the TiN layer are changed as well, resulting in different resist performances. For resists suffering from footing on TiN, it was demonstrated that footing is related to the nitrogen saturation of the TiN layer. However, for ARCH2 resist series, no resist footing was seen on different TiN layers. For the optimization of deep UV patterning of 0.25 micrometers CMOS metal layers using standard TiN layers, we have tested several resists of the ARCH2 resist series. The series of resists are based on the same resist chemistry. The difference between the formulations is in their absorbance, being 0.21/micrometer, 0.28/micrometer and 0.44/micrometer for ARCH214, ARCH212, and ARCH200, respectively. It was seen that with transparent resists notching can occur due to substrate roughnesses. By increasing the resist thickness and/or the resist absorbance, notching was minimized.
Speech Recognition with the Nucleus 24 SPEAK, ACE, and CIS Speech Coding Strategies in Newly Implanted Adults (2002)

Despite differences in research design, there was remarkably close agreement in the pattern of group mean scores for the three strategies for CNC words and CUNY sentences in noise between the present study and the Conversion study (Arndt, Staller, Arcaroli, Hines, & Ebinger, Reference Note 1). In addition, essentially the same percentage of subjects preferred each strategy. For both studies, the strategy with which subjects had the highest score on the CUNY sentences in noise evaluation was strongly related to the preferred strategy; this relation was not strong for CNC words, CNC phonemes, vowels or consonants (Skinner, Arndt, & Staller, 2002). These results must be considered within the following context. For each strategy, programming parameters preferred for use in everyday life were determined before speech recognition was evaluated. In addition, implant recipients had experience listening with all three strategies in many situations in everyday life before choosing a preferred strategy. Finally, 11 of the 12 subjects strongly preferred one of the three strategies. Given the results and research design, it is recommended that clinicians fit each strategy sequentially starting with the ACE strategy so that the preferred programming parameters are determined for each strategy before recipients compare pairs of strategies. The goal is to provide the best opportunity for individuals to hear in everyday life within a clinically acceptable time period (e.g., 6 wk).
Methyltransferase inhibitors restore SATB1 protective activity against cutaneous T cell lymphoma in mice (2020)

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) has a poorly understood etiology and no known cure. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that ablation of the genomic organizer special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (Satb1) caused malignant transformation of mature, skin-homing, Notch-activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into progressively fatal lymphoma. Mechanistically, Satb1 restrained Stat5 phosphorylation and the expression of skin-homing chemokine receptors in mature T cells. Notably, methyltransferase-dependent epigenetic repression of SATB1 was universally found in human Sézary syndrome, but not in other peripheral T cell malignancies. H3K27 and H3K9 trimethylation occluded the SATB1 promoter in Sézary cells, while inhibition of SUV39H1/2 methyltransferases (unlike EZH2 inhibition) restored protective SATB1 expression and selectively abrogated the growth of primary Sézary cells more effectively than romidepsin. Therefore, inhibition of methyltransferases that silence SATB1 could address an unmet need for patients with mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome, a set of incurable diseases.
Thermal Diffusion of C60 Molecules and Clusters on Au(111) (2004)

The structure and dynamics of partial monolayers of C60 on the Au(111) surface were observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ambient conditions. At submonolayer coverages, C60 molecules group into islands, and while the molecules in the interior of islands are quite stable, the C60s at island edges are less so, and their motions can be observed in real time using STM. The motion of surface-adsorbed C60 is predominantly the result of thermal diffusion; the extent of perturbation by the STM tip is determined to be minimal, using a quantitative analysis of a time series of STM images. Further analysis shows that motion of single C60 molecules is relatively uncommon, and that most diffusion of C60 on the surface occurs through the correlated or cooperative motion of molecular clusters ranging in size from 2 to 8 C60 molecules. Cluster diffusion is explained by a proposed “anchoring” mechanism, in which the stability of each C60 varies according to its position and orientation relative to the surface and to neighboring molecules.
The ubiquitous provisioning of internet services to portable devices (2002)

Advances in mobile telecommunications and device miniaturization call for providing both standard and novel location- and context-dependent Internet services to mobile clients. Mobile agents are dynamic, asynchronous, and autonomous, making the MA programming paradigm suitable for developing novel middleware for mobility-enabled services.
Long life Perovskite Nanoplatelet Lasers with high quality factor enabled through engineering degradation pathways (2021)

Abstract MAPbI 3 perovskite has attracted widespread interests for developing low-cost near infrared semiconductor gain media. However, it faces the instability issue under operation conditions, which remains a critical challenge. It is found that the instability of the MAPbI 3 nanoplatelet laser comes from the thermal-induced-degradation progressing from the surface defects towards neighboring regions. By using PbI 2 passivation, the defect-initiated degradation is significantly suppressed and the nanoplatelet degrades in a layer-by-layer way, enabling the MAPbI 3 laser sustain for 4500 s (2.7×10 7 pulses), which is almost 3 times longer than that of the nanoplatelet laser without passivation. Meanwhile, the PbI 2 passivated MAPbI 3 nanoplatelet laser with the nanoplatelet cavity displaying a maximum quality factor up to ~7800, the highest reported for all MAPbI 3 nanoplatelet cavities. Furthermore, a high stability MAPbI 3 nanoplatelet laser that can last for 8500 s (5.1×10 7 pulses) is demonstrated based on a dual passivation strategy, by retarding the defect-initiated degradation and surface-initiated degradation, simultaneously. This work provides in-depth insights for understanding the operating degradation of perovskite lasers and the dual passivation strategy paves the way for developing high stability near infrared semiconductor laser media.
Cavitation on surfaces (2005)

Entrapment of gas bubbles at the liquid/solid interface plays a crucial role for fluidic systems when the volume to surface ratio goes down. Here, we report an investigation on the presence of air on hydrophobic surfaces in water. The gas pockets on such walls are expanded, and thus made visible, by lowering the liquid pressure, a phenomenon known as heterogeneous cavitation. The investigation is extended to the study of the formation and the dynamics of bubbles generated from well controlled nuclei.
Memory-safe Execution of C on a Java VM (2015)

In low-level languages such as C, spatial and temporal safety errors (e.g. buffer overflows or dangling pointer dereferences) are hard to find and can cause security vulnerabilities. Modern high-level languages such as Java avoid these problems by running programs on a virtual machine that provides automated memory management.
Thermal Imaging Attacks on Keypad Security Systems (2016)

The paper discusses the issue of thermal imaging attacks on a variety of keyboard devices, such as cash machines, payment terminals, combination locks or computer keyboards. The aim of the research was to obtain the entered code or password in the most non-invasive way. As it turned out, attacks based on images from thermal imaging cameras are very easy to carry out and work in almost every case, which calls for extra safety measures. The authors consider various attack scenarios and come up with recommendations for both manufacturers and users of electronic keyboard security systems.
Neurolymphomatosis: an International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group report (2010)

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare clinical entity. The International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group retrospectively analyzed 50 patients assembled from 12 centers in 5 countries over a 16-year period. NL was related to non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 90% and to acute leukemia in 10%. It occurred as the initial manifestation of malignancy in 26% of cases. The affected neural structures included peripheral nerves (60%), spinal nerve roots (48%), cranial nerves (46%), and plexus (40%) with multiple site involvement in 58%. Imaging studies often suggested the diagnosis with 77% positive magnetic resonance imaging, and 84% (16 of 19) positive computed tomography-positron emission tomography studies. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was positive in 40%, and nerve biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 23 of 26 (88%). Treatment in 47 patients included systemic chemotherapy (70%), intra-cerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy (49%), and radiotherapy (34%). Response to treatment was observed in 46%. The median overall survival was 10 months, with 12- and 36-month survival proportions of 46% and 24%, respectively. NL is a challenging diagnosis, but contemporary imaging techniques frequently detect the relevant neural invasion. An aggressive multimodality therapy can prevent neurologic deterioration and is associated with a prolonged survival in a subset of patients.
Localization of Active and Inactive Elastase, Alpha-1-Proteinase Inhibitor, and Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Human Gingiva (1995)

Biochemically, there is usually much less elastase activity in gingival tissue than in crevicular fluid. The tissue distributions of active and inactive elastase and the endogenous inhibitors alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) were therefore compared. Inflamed tissue was obtained from chronic periodontitis patients, and cryostat sections were incubated with the histochemical elastase substrate MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-MNA. Adjacent sections were examined immunocytochemically with antibodies to neutrophil elastase, alpha 1PI, alpha 2M, and leukocyte differentiation antigens. Antigenic elastase was widely distributed in CD15-positive granulocytes in both the epithelium and lamina propria as well as in granulomatous tissue from infrabony defects. However, there was very limited histochemical staining of these cells, and biochemical activity against the equivalent substrate MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-AFC could be extracted only from sections with such staining. The pH optimum and effector response of the activity in the extracts were, nevertheless, consistent with those of leukocyte elastase. The large difference between the total elastase content of the tissue, as determined immunocytochemically, and the limited amount of active enzyme, as demonstrated histochemically, indicated that the majority was in an inactive form. The involvement of tissue inhibitors was suggested by the fact that extracts from sections with no histochemical staining reduced biochemical elastase activity in crevicular fluid. alpha 2M was found in many fibroblasts and also some CD68-positive macrophages, which additionally contained alpha 1PI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Broadband and ultrafast graphene-based integrated photonics (2021)

We review our recent progress on graphene integrated photonics for next generation optical communications. We present the design principles of graphene photodetectors and optical modulators as well as recent results on Si and SiN photonic platforms. We show optical modulators at communication wavelengths with electro-optical bandwidth up to 30GHz and operation at 50Gb/s on-off keying (OOK). We report on very recent progress about graphene photodetectors with ultra-high bandwidth (&gt;67GHz) based on the photo-thermo-electric (PTE) effect. The last is of particular interest as it enables a zero dark-current direct conversion of the optical signal into a voltage which can be amplified by a voltage pre-amplifier rather than a transimpedance amplifier (TIA). This is a potential breakthrough in scaling the bandwidth of photoreceiver towards increasing bandwidths, as the TIA imposes strict trade-offs between gain and bandwidth. With the proposed device we show direct detection of optical signals exceeding 100Gb/s in a voltage detection scheme without dark current bias.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Microwave Induced Tissue Heating (1995)

MR-guided interstitial thermotherapy offers a minimally invasive treatment for localized tumors and tissue structures exhibiting functional abnormalities. In this study, microwaves (2.45 GHz) were used for tissue irradiation to overcome some limitations of the heating sources used so far. To this end, a microwave antenna was positioned in a specimen of porcine myocardium and irradiated for 10 min under MRI control using a T1-weighted FLASH sequence. The heating procedure resulted in a spherical tissue lesion of 26 mm in diameter. Thus, we could demonstrate the feasibility to monitor the microwave-induced coagulation process by MR-imaging in vitro.
Métallurgie du molybdène (2012)

Le molybdène est un métal réfractaire utilisé principalement dans les alliages et les aciers inoxydables. Il est essentiellement issu de la molybdénite (MoS2), présente généralement dans les gisements de porphyres de molybdène ou de cuivre. La molybdénite est flottée pour produire des concentrés de MoS2, qui sont purifiés ou convertis en trioxyde MoO3 par grillage, selon les utilisations industrielles. Le molybdène métal est obtenu à partir de MoO3 pur ou d'un molybdate d'ammonium.
Analysis of Holographic Thin Film Grating Coupler (1973)

The holographic grating coupler was used experimentally by H. Kogelnik and T. P. Sosnowski to obtain high coupling efficiency in thin film waveguides. This paper presents a perturbation analysis of that grating coupler. The calculated results agree very well with the experimental data. The analysis indicates that the maximum efficiency will depend on the effective length of the evanescent tail of the guided wave mode in the gelatin. The longer the evanescent tail is, the higher will be the excitation efficiency; the maximum possible efficiency is, of course, 81%. The maximum efficiency does not depend significantly on the refractive index of the grating, or the slant angle of the grooves, or the thickness of the gelatin (provided that the thickness is larger than the length of the evanescent tail).
Open-target sparse sensing of biological agents using DNA microarray (2011)

We conceived an 'open-target' approach to biosensing, and hypothesized that a relatively small, non-specifically designed, DNA microarray is capable of identifying the presence of multiple organisms in mixed samples. Coupled with a mathematical model applied to laboratory generated data, and sparse sampling of capture probes, the prototype microarray platform was able to capture the signature of each organism in all mixed samples with high sensitivity and specificity. It was demonstrated that this new approach to biosensing closely follows the principles of sparse sensing.
Trans-Sasakian manifolds homothetic to Sasakian manifolds (2016)

In this paper, it is shown that for a 3-dimensional compact simply connected trans-Sasakian manifold of type \({(\alpha,\beta)}\), the smooth functions \({\alpha,\beta}\) satisfy the Poisson equations \({\Delta \alpha = \beta}\), \({\Delta \alpha = \alpha ^{2}\beta}\) and \({\Delta \beta = \alpha ^{2}\beta}\), respectively, if and only if it is homothetic to a Sasakian manifold. We also find a necessary and sufficient condition for a connected 3-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold of type \({(\alpha,\beta)}\) in terms of a differential equation satisfied by the smooth function \({\alpha}\) to be homothetic to a Sasakian manifold.
Chemical Constituents of Peppers (Piper spp.) and Application to Food Preservation: Naturally Occurring Antioxidative Compounds (1986)

In a structure analysis of the compounds of the genus Piper (Family Piperaceae), we identified five phenolic amides from Piper nigrum, seven compounds from P. retrofractum, and two compounds from P. baccatum. All the phenolic amides possess significant antioxidant activities that are more effective than the naturally occurring antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. One amide, feruperine, has antioxidant activity as high as the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Naturally occurring antioxidants, therefore, may surpass BHA and BHT in their ability to inactivate mutagens in food.
Levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the developing retina — effect of light deprivation (1997)

The effect of light deprivation on the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline was studied in the developing rat retina. These transmitters were estimated in three groups of rats: (i) cycling light reared; (ii) dark reared since birth; and (iii) dark reared since birth, but exposed to cycling light for 1 day prior to the estimation of catecholamines. Our results show that (1) there is a progressive decrease in the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the cycling light and dark reared rats during postnatal development; (2) dark rearing further reduces the content of dopamine and noradrenaline; and (3) restoration of physiological (light) stimulus in the dark-reared rats during the early postnatal period results in the recovery of noradrenaline to a greater extent than that of dopamine. This study demonstrates a progressive decrease in the plasticity of dopaminergic system during retinal development, while such a decrease is not apparent in the noradrenergic system.
Fundamental Aspects of Si C (2013)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Polytypism Crystallography Inequivalent Sites Some Properties of Simple Polytypes Origin of Polytypism Band Structure The General Picture The Conduction Band Edges The Valence Band Edges Phonons Calculations of Phonon Dispersion Relations Infrared Transmission and Reflection Phonon Frequencies Measured by Low Temperature Photoluminescence ( LTPL ) and the k ‐Space Locations of Conduction Band Minima First and Second Order R aman Scattering R aman Scattering from Free Carriers Intrinsic Excitons Shallow Centers Shallow Donors: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nitrogen Phosphorus Acceptors Deep Centers Transition Metals Titanium Vanadium Chromium Molybdenum Scandium Manganese Rare Earths: Erbium Intrinsic Defects Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy ( DLTS ) Electron Spin Resonance and Positron Annihilation Low Temperature Photoluminescence Transport Properties Carrier Effective Masses Mobilities and Mobility Anisotropy Hall Scattering Factor Time Resolved Measurements and Lifetimes Acknowledgements
Spring-Electrical Models For Link Prediction (2019)

We propose a link prediction algorithm that is based on spring-electrical models. The idea to study these models came from the fact that spring-electrical models have been successfully used for networks visualization. A good network visualization usually implies that nodes similar in terms of network topology, e.g., connected and/or belonging to one cluster, tend to be visualized close to each other. Therefore, we assumed that the Euclidean distance between nodes in the obtained network layout correlates with a probability of a link between them. We evaluate the proposed method against several popular baselines and demonstrate its flexibility by applying it to undirected, directed and bipartite networks.
Activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor attenuates spontaneous fibrinolysis of batroxobin-induced fibrin deposition in rat lungs (2003)

Summary Studies have shown that inhibition of TAFI by small peptides enhances pharmacological effects of tPA in animal models of thrombosis, suggesting that TAFI modulates the fibrinolytic system. In this study, we investigated the effect of activated human TAFI (TAFIa) on endogenous fibrinolysis in a rat model of intravascular fibrin deposition. 125I-labeled fibrinogen was injected intravenously followed by a bolus injection of batroxo-bin, a thrombin-like enzyme. Batroxobin cleaved fibrinogen to form insoluble fibrin that was deposited in tissues, including the lungs. This was shown by a decrease of radioactivity in the blood as a result of consumption of 125I-labeled fibrinogen and an elevation of radioactivity in the lungs 5 min following batroxobin administration. Endogenous fibrinolysis was detected by a gradual increase in radioactivity in the blood and a decrease in radioactivity in the lungs at 30 min, an indication of radio-labeled fibrin degradation products (FDPs) being released into the circulation from the tissues. Intravenous administration of human TAFIa dose-dependently attenuated the later phase reduction of radioactivity in the lungs. When the dose of TAFIa was 218 μg/kg, giving a peak plasma level of TAFIa 0.9 ± 0.05 μg/ml, the spontaneous fibrinolysis was completely prevented. These results provide direct evidence that an increase in circulating TAFIa impairs endogenous clot lysis in a rat model of fibrin deposition.