gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound guided greater occipital nerve blocks for post-traumatic occipital neuralgia. (2014)

Chronic headaches can be debilitating for many patients. They often have a nebulous etiology, unpredictable course, and can be difficult to manage. We describe a post-traumatic headache that began after a motor vehicle collision. The patient sustained multiple injuries including a scalp laceration and bilateral occipital condyle fractures. Oral agents were unable to quell this patient's headaches. The diagnosis of occipital neuralgia was suspected based on history and presentation. Our patient received dramatic relief after ultrasound guided bilateral greater occipital nerve blocks.
Ultrasonic Absorption Tomography on Soft Tissues with Correction for Scattering Effects (2006)

Among the many factors involved in ultrasound attenuation phenomena scattering effects play a particularly important role, even in the case of the soft tissues studied here. It is proposed in this study to isolate these effects before proceeding with the reconstruction of the absorption parameter alone. The procedure used for this purpose consists first in reconstructing the sound speed distribution (constituting the absorption free model), using a transmission tomography algorithm. A numerical propagation (FEM) code processing the absorption free phantom then generates realistic scattering distortions that serve as reference signals when applying the log spectral difference method. The scattering effects are thus removed from the integrated absorption projections measured. The latter are processed using a tomographic procedure that provides an estimate of the absorption distribution. Numerical simulations show the improvement obtained in the absorption contrast estimates thanks to this method
Review: Diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus for the endoscopist (2010)

In Barrett's esophagus, the stratified squamous epithelium lining the esophagus is replaced by specialized intestinal-type columnar epithelium. The prevalence of Barrett's esophagus has ranged from 0.9% to 4.5%. The rate of progression from Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma is 0.5% per patient-year. Proton-pump inhibitors are the mainstay of symptom control in Barrett's patients. Nondysplastic Barrett's and Barrett's with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) are typically managed by periodic surveillance. Radiofrequency ablation is being evaluated as a modality for managing nondysplastic Barrett's and Barrett's with LGD. The options for the management of Barrett's patients with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) include endoscopic therapy, surgery, and intensive surveillance until biopsy reveals adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic therapy involves endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and ablation. More aggressive techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and larger segment endoscopic mucosal resection are under study. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus. The recommendations from the major gastroenterologic societies and the current and investigational endoscopic modalities for the management of Barrett's esophagus with and without dysplasia are reviewed.
Benzylic oxidation of aromatics with cerium(IV) triflate; synthetic scope and mechanistic insight (2001)

The synthetic utility of cerium(IV) triflate Ce(OTf)4 as a reagent for benzylic oxidation has been tested for a variety of aromatic compounds. Insight is provided into various factors that govern these oxidations and their progress. It has been shown that the mode of preparation of Ce(OTf)4 and the % H2O present in the sample have a marked influence on oxidation ability. A variety of mono- and dialkylbenzenes, haloalkylbenzenes, bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems, and alkoxybenzenes have been surveyed. The method offers an easy to perform one-pot reaction for the room temperature synthesis of aromatic ketones and aldehydes from aromatics and has the potential to find wider application.
Changes in occurrence of capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974 (1977)

The number of patients with pneumococcal bacteremia, empyema, and meningitis at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974 is reported. The distribution of specific types in the bacteremic patients during each of the selected years and in the various focal infections in all the years is also detailed. The numbers and rates per 1,000 admissions of bacteremic pneumococcal infections and the numbers of cases of pneumococcal meningitis and empyema varied independently over these years and differed from those previously reported for 1929 to 1936. The types most frequent in pneumococcal bacteremias varied over the years, and the distribution of types among them differed markedly from that among the patients with focal infections. Variations in the distribution of pneumococcal types at different times in the same place, in different places, and in various sites of infection may be important in selecting types to include in pneumococcal vaccines for different populations.
Synthesis and Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2016)

Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-rGO) was successfully synthesized during the reduction of graphene oxide by the modified Hummers' method. In contrast to the reduced graphene oxide (rGO), N-rGO presented superior morphology, structure and composition as the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) according to the examination of SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectrum and XPS. The doping content of nitrogen in N-rGO was about 7.98 at.%. The electrochemical performances of N-rGO as anodes of LIBs were also evaluated accordingly. Thus-prepared N-rGO showed a higher reversible specific capacity of 332 mAh g -1 during 600 cycles at 500 mAg -1 . Even at 4 Ag -1 , a reversible capacity of 208 mAhg -1 can still be maintained. The improved electrochemical performance of N-rGO as anodes of LIBs could be due to the specific characteristics of the unique nanostructures, the covalent interactions between N and graphene, the good conductivity and high surface areas, which reduce the transfer resistance for Li-ion and electron and provide more extra live regions for Li storage.
Sequencing of a 65 kb region of the Bacillus subtilis genome containing the lic and cel loci, and creation of a 177 kb contig covering the gnt-sacXY region (1996)

Within the framework of an international project for the sequencing of the entire Bacillus subtilis genome, this paper communicates the sequencing of a chromosome region containing the lic and cel loci (65 kb), which creates a 177 kb contig covering the region from gnt to sacXY. This 65 kb region contains 64 ORFs (62 complete and two partial genes). The 14th, 15th and 17th genes correspond to licT, licS and katE, encoding the antiterminator for licS transcription, beta-glucanase (lichenase) and catalase 2, respectively. The 11th, 30th, 36th, 39th, 41st, 45th-48th, 51st and 58th genes are designated deaD, pepT, galE, aldY, msmX, cydABCD, sigY and katX because their products probably encode ATP-dependent RNA helicase, tripeptidase, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, multiple sugar-binding transport ATP-binding protein, the respective components of cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase and ATP-binding cassette transporter, sigma-factor of RNA polymerase and catalase, respectively. The 60th-64th genes are celRABCD, which are probably involved in cellobiose utilization. Gene organization and gene features in the gnt-sacXY region are discussed.
Modular Metal–Organic Polyhedra Superassembly: From Molecular‐Level Design to Targeted Drug Delivery (2019)

Abstract Targeted drug delivery remains at the forefront of biomedical research but remains a challenge to date. Herein, the first superassembly of nanosized metal–organic polyhedra (MOP) and their biomimetic coatings of lipid bilayers are described to synergistically combine the advantages of micelles and supramolecular coordination cages for targeted drug delivery. The superassembly technique affords unique hydrophobic features that endow individual MOP to act as nanobuilding blocks and enable their superassembly into larger and well‐defined nanocarriers with homogeneous sizes over a broad range of diameters. Various cargos are controllably loaded into the MOP with high payloads, and the nanocages are then superassembled to form multidrug delivery systems. Additionally, functional nanoparticles are introduced into the superassemblies via a one‐pot process for versatile bioapplications. The MOP superassemblies are surface‐engineered with epidermal growth factor receptors and can be targeted to cancer cells. In vivo studies indicated the assemblies to have a substantial circulation half‐life of 5.6 h and to undergo renal clearance—characteristics needed for nanomedicines.
Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation (2006)

The present review outlines the principles of living donor liver transplantation, donor workup, procedure and outcomes. Living donation offers a solution to the growing gap between the need for liver transplants and the limited availability of deceased donor organs. With a multidisciplinary team focused on donor safety and experienced surgeons capable of performing complex resection/reconstruction procedures, donor morbidity is low and recipient outcomes are comparable with results of deceased donor transplantation.
Performance of CID camera x-ray imagers at NIF in a harsh neutron environment (2013)

Charge-injection devices (CIDs) are solid-state 2D imaging sensors similar to CCDs, but their distinct architecture makes CIDs more resistant to ionizing radiation. CID cameras have been used extensively for X-ray imaging at the OMEGA Laser Facility with neutron fluences at the sensor approaching 10<sup>9</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup> (DT, 14 MeV). A CID Camera X-ray Imager (CCXI) system has been designed and implemented at NIF that can be used as a rad-hard electronic-readout alternative for time-integrated X-ray imaging. This paper describes the design and implementation of the system, calibration of the sensor for X-rays in the 3 - 14 keV energy range, and preliminary data acquired on NIF shots over a range of neutron yields. The upper limit of neutron fluence at which CCXI can acquire useable images is ~ 10<sup>8</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup> and there are noise problems that need further improvement, but the sensor has proven to be very robust in surviving high yield shots (~ 10<sup>14</sup> DT neutrons) with minimal damage.
A Method of Abbreviated Chinese Organization Names Recognition Based on Similarity (2013)

Currently, the lack of standardization of abbreviation for the same organization name gives rise to the omission in the various kinds of major industrys' anti-money laundering and anti-fraud blacklist filter system. In view of this, a method of Chinese organization name abbreviation recognition based on similarity is proposed, which calculates the integrated similarity of Chinese organization names from three dimensions: character inclusion, character order and character interval, and gives the parameter value of different dimension. By threshold setting, it point out the possible abbreviation for the Chinese organization names. Experimental results prove the proposed method is effective.
p16INK4a Regulates Cellular Senescence in PD-1-Expressing Human T Cells (2021)

T-cell dysfunction arising upon repeated antigen exposure prevents effective immunity and immunotherapy. Using various clinically and physiologically relevant systems, we show that a prominent feature of PD-1-expressing exhausted T cells is the development of cellular senescence features both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i>. This is associated with p16<sup>INK4a</sup> expression and an impaired cell cycle G1 to S-phase transition in repeatedly stimulated T cells. We show that these T cells accumulate DNA damage and activate the p38MAPK signaling pathway, which preferentially leads to p16<sup>INK4a</sup> upregulation. However, in highly dysfunctional T cells, p38MAPK inhibition does not restore functionality despite attenuating senescence features. In contrast, p16<sup>INK4a</sup> targeting can improve T-cell functionality in exhausted CAR T cells. Collectively, this work provides insights into the development of T-cell dysfunction and identifies T-cell senescence as a potential target in immunotherapy.
TCP friendly active optical access network having automatic ranging and slot allocation function (2009)

A new optical access network using high-speed PLZT optical switch is presented. The access network, having automatic ranging and slot allocation fuction, can guarantee TCP throughput designing with frame cycle, slot size and guard time.
Label Embedding for Zero-shot Fine-grained Named Entity Typing. (2016)

Named entity typing is the task of detecting the types of a named entity in context. For instance, given “Eric is giving a presentation”, our goal is to infer that ‘Eric’ is a speaker or a presenter and a person. Existing approaches to named entity typing cannot work with a growing type set and fails to recognize entity mentions of unseen types. In this paper, we present a label embedding method that incorporates prototypical and hierarchical information to learn pre-trained label embeddings. In addition, we adapt a zero-shot learning framework that can predict both seen and previously unseen entity types. We perform evaluation on three benchmark datasets with two settings: 1) few-shots recognition where all types are covered by the training set; and 2) zero-shot recognition where fine-grained types are assumed absent from training set. Results show that prior knowledge encoded using our label embedding methods can significantly boost the performance of classification for both cases.
Boosting the Restoring Performance of Deduplication Data by Classifying Backup Metadata (2021)

Restoring data is the main purpose of data backup in storage systems. The fragmentation issue, caused by physically scattering logically continuous data across a variety of disk locations, poses a negative impact on the restoring performance of a deduplication system. Rewriting algorithms are used to alleviate the fragmentation problem by improving the restoring speed of a deduplication system. However, rewriting methods give birth to a big sacrifice in terms of deduplication ratio, leading to a huge storage space waste. Furthermore, traditional backup approaches treat file metadata and chunk metadata as the same, which causes frequent on-disk metadata accesses. In this article, we start by analyzing storage characteristics of backup metadata. An intriguing finding shows that with 10 million files, the file metadata merely takes up approximately 340 MB. Motivated by this finding, we propose a Classified-Metadata based Restoring method (CMR) that classifies backup metadata into file metadata and chunk metadata . Because the file metadata merely takes up a meager amount of space, CMR maintains all file metadata in memory, whereas chunk metadata are aggressively prefetched to memory in a greedy manner. A deduplication system with CMR in place exhibits three salient features: (i) It avoids rewriting algorithms’ additional overhead by reducing the number of disk reads in a restoring process, (ii) it increases the restoring throughput without sacrificing the deduplication ratio, and (iii) it thoroughly leverages the hardware resources to boost the restoring performance. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of CMR, we compare our CMR against two state-of-the-art approaches, namely, a history-aware rewriting method (HAR) and a context-based rewriting scheme (CAP). The experimental results show that compared to HAR and CAP, CMR reduces the restoring time by 27.2% and 29.3%, respectively. Moreover, the deduplication ratio is improved by 1.91% and 4.36%, respectively.
Low Thermal Budget Au-Free Hf-Based Ohmic Contacts on InAlN/GaN Heterostructures (2014)

We report Au-free Hf/Al/Ta ohmic contacts on InAlN/GaN-on-Si with low contact resistance (R c ) of 0.59 Ω.mm and contact resistivity (ρ c ) of 6.7×10 -6 Ω.cm 2 achieved using a low annealing temperature (600 o C). The dominant carrier transport mechanism is found to be electron thermionic field emission, as revealed by current-voltage-temperature measurements. Hf/Al/Ta ohmic contacts possess good surface morphology and edge acuity, and have a smooth interface with InAlN/GaN. Based on SIMS studies, formation of HfN is believed to be the reason for the formation of ohmic contacts. Preliminary thermal aging test shows that Hf/Al/Ta contacts on InAlN/GaN are stable at 350 o C in air for more than 200 hours.
Heliosat 2: an improved method for the mapping of the solar radiation from Meteosat imagery (2002)

International audience
Resource-Aware Mobile-Based Health Monitoring (2016)

Monitoring heart diseases often requires frequent measurements of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals at different periods of the day, and at different situations (e.g., traveling, and exercising). This can only be implemented using mobile devices in order to cope with mobility of patients under monitoring, thus supporting continuous monitoring practices. However, these devices are energy-aware, have limited computing resources (e.g., CPU speed and memory), and might lose network connectivity, which makes it very challenging to maintain a continuity of the monitoring episode. In this paper, we propose a mobile monitoring solution to cope with these challenges by compromising on the fly resources availability, battery level, and network intermittence. In order to solve this problem, first we divide the whole process into several subtasks such that each subtask can be executed sequentially either in the server or in the mobile or in parallel in both devices. Then, we developed a mathematical model that considers all the constraints and finds a dynamic programing solution to obtain the best execution path (i.e., which substep should be done where). The solution guarantees an optimum execution time, while considering device battery availability, execution and transmission time, and network availability. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate our proposed approach using some key monitoring tasks starting from preprocessing to classification and prediction. The results we have obtained proved that our approach gives the best (lowest) running time for any combination of factors including processing speed, input size, and network bandwidth. Compared to several greedy but nonoptimal solutions, the execution time of our approach was at least 10 times faster and consumed 90% less energy.
Knockin mouse models demonstrate differential contributions of synaptotagmin-1 and -2 as receptors for botulinum neurotoxins (2021)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known and are also utilized to treat a wide range of disorders including muscle spasm, overactive bladder, and pain. BoNTs' ability to target neurons determines their specificity, potency, and therapeutic efficacy. Homologous synaptic vesicle membrane proteins synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) and synaptotagmin-2 (Syt2) have been identified as receptors for BoNT family members including BoNT/B, DC, and G, but their contributions at physiologically relevant toxin concentrations in vivo have yet to be validated and established. Here we generated two knockin mutant mouse models containing three designed point-mutations that specifically disrupt BoNT binding in endogenous Syt1 or Syt2, respectively. Utilizing digit abduction score assay by injecting toxins into the leg muscle, we found that Syt1 mutant mice showed similar sensitivity as the wild type mice, whereas Syt2 mutant mice showed reduced sensitivity to BoNT/B, DC, and G, demonstrating that Syt2 is the dominant receptor at skeletal neuromuscular junctions. We further developed an in vivo bladder injection assay for analyzing BoNT action on bladder tissues and demonstrated that Syt1 is the dominant toxin receptor in autonomic nerves controlling bladder tissues. These findings establish the critical role of protein receptors for the potency and specificity of BoNTs in vivo and demonstrate the differential contributions of Syt1 and Syt2 in two sets of clinically relevant target tissues.
Remineralizing Potential of Nano-Silver-Fluoride for Tooth Enamel: An Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis (2019)

Objective: To evaluate the use of nanosilver fluoride in the enamel remineralization process through optical coherence tomography.  Material and Methods: All samples were submitted to demineralization process by pH cycling during 14 days and randomly distributed into three groups (n = 11): Nanosilver Fluoride (NSF), Sodium fluoride (NaF), and negative control. Optical coherence tomography images were acquired at three different moments: initial stage (T0), post caries formation (T1), and post pH cycling (T2). The integrity of the enamel surface and the measurement of the volume loss for the tissue after pH cycling in comparison to initial images were obtained from optical coherence tomography images.  Results: After analyzing the exponential decay of A-scans from each group, it was possible to identify differences in light propagation among samples. In T1 it is not possible to visualize the dentin-enamel junction, probably due to the higher back scattering of the demineralized enamel, which does not allow light to reach the dentin. The decay curves obtained from NaF and nanosilver fluoride groups showed similar behavior, while the negative group showed lower extinction coefficient.  Conclusion: Nanosilver fluoride showed the best effect against caries compared to conventional fluoride treatments.
Recycling aluminum salt cake. (2002)

A phylogenetic reconstruction of the medically important tribe Rhodniini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) based on multilocus isoenzyme electrophoresis is compared with phylogenetic patterns derived from a traditional morphometric analysis. Even with non-normality in the morphometric data, and some inequalities in population variances, discriminant analysis of size-free variables provided broadly similar phylogenetic information to that derived from isoenzyme analysis, revealing 3 main species groups within the genus Rhodnius.
Synthesis of stabilizing model predictive controllers via canonical piecewise affine approximations (2010)

This paper proposes the use of canonical piecewise affine (PWA) functions for the approximation of linear MPC controllers over a regular simplicial partition of a given set of states of interest. Analysis tools based on the construction of PWA Lyapunov functions are provided for certifying the asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. The main advantage of the proposed controller synthesis approach is that the resulting stabilizing approximate MPC controller can be implemented on chip with sampling times in the order of tens of nanoseconds.