gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in integrated ferroelectric and multiferroic materials (2010)

Ferroelectric materials have very appealing properties such as their dielectric permittivity, piezoelectric coefficients and permanent polarization. Two large scale applications of ferroelectric thin films are already achieved: on-chip large capacitances (MIM) and ferroelectric random access memories (FERAM). The focus is now on the design and reliability of integrated structures. The case of high frequency agile capacitors based on ferroelectric films will be described in details in this respect. Multiferroic materials are under consideration since more than 50 years because of the coexistence and eventually the coupling between polarization and magnetization in a given compound. Since the number of room temperature multiferroics is very restricted at present, several alternative routes including nano-composites or multilayers are under consideration.
Simulation of Early-Time Response of Single-Well Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SW-SAGD) (1999)

Abstract Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an effective method of producing heavy oil and bitumen. In a typical SAGD approach, steam is injected into a horizontal well located directly above a horizontal producer. A steam chamber grows around the injection well and helps displace heated oil toward the production well. Single-well (SW) SAGD attempts to create a similar process using only one horizontal well. This may include steam injection from the toe of the horizontal well with production at the heel. Obvious advantages of SW-SAGD include cost savings and utility in relatively thin reservoirs. However, the process is technically challenging. To improve early-time response of SW-SAGD, it is necessary to heat the near-wellbore area to reduce oil viscosity and allow gravity drainage to take place. Since project economics are sensitive to early production response, we are interested in optimizing the start-up procedure. An investigation of early-time processes to improve reservoir heating will be discussed. We performed a numerical simulation study of combinations of cyclic steam injection and steam circulation prior to SAGD in an effort to better understand and improve early-time response. Results from this study, including cumulative recoveries, temperature distributions, and production rates display variances within the methods. It is found that cycling steaming of the reservoir prior to SAGD offers the most favorable option for heating the near-wellbore area and creating conditions that will improve initial SAGD response.
Low-frequency noise in asymmetric self-cascode FD SOI (2016)

This paper investigates the origin of low-frequency noise in Asymmetric Self-Cascode Fully Depleted SOI nMOSFETs biased in linear regime with regards to the variation of gate voltage and the channel doping concentration through experimental results.
Postemergence Grass Control Herbicides Applied to the Soil (1986)

The phytotoxicity of seven herbicides after soil application was determined in the field and greenhouse. Clopropoxydim {(E,E)-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy] imino] butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-(2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, the methyl ester of haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} applied to soil at 0.21 kg/ha, and the methyl ester of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}applied to soil at 1.12 kg/ha were phytotoxic to oats ( Avena sativa L. ‘Moore’) in the field and greenhouse. These rates are equivalent to postemergence use rates of these herbicides. DPX-Y6202 {2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} and the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} applied to soil at 0.84 kg/ha or greater were phytotoxic to oats. The ethyl ester of fenoxaprop {(±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} soil applied exhibited very limited phytotoxicity to oats. Oat stands were reduced when oats were seeded into soil treated with clopropoxydim, sethoxydim, haloxyfop, diclofop, DPX-Y6202, fluazifop, and fenoxaprop, with the amount of stand reduction decreasing from clopropoxydim to fenoxaprop. Oat fresh weight reductions were greatest with all herbicides when the herbicides were in contact with all underground parts (shoots, seeds, and roots). Oat fresh weight reductions were greater when either the shoot or seed of the germinating oat plants were exposed to the herbicides compared to root exposure. Foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L. ‘Siberian’) was more susceptible to injury than oats or wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Len’) when seeded into soil treated with any one of the seven postemergence grass control herbicides.
Charge carrier dynamics of ZnO and ZnO-BaTi03thin films (2010)

Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy was performed on ZnO thin film and a double layer structure of ZnO / BaTi03 Using a model based on the dielectric function of ZnO obtained by spectral ellipsometry, the observed spectral features were explained. Further, the influence of the BTO layer on the charge carrier dynamics of ZnO was investigated.
Malware Virtualization-Resistant Behavior Detection (2011)

Many researchers monitor malicious software (malware) behavior using Virtual Machines (VM) to protect the underlying operating system. For virtual machines, the malware monitor process exists at the same layer as the real system so the monitor can get detailed behavior information without being discovered. There are some Anti-VM techniques employed by malware authors to ward off collection, analysis and reverse engineering of their malicious programs. Therefore, malware researchers may obtain inaccurate analysis from VM aware programs. This paper presents a solution to detect Anti-VM techniques. We collect behavioral information from malware and use an enhanced behavior distance algorithm to calculate the difference between real and virtual environments to distinguish if the malware has Anti-VM capability. Our experiments show this algorithm works well. This idea can improve malware analysis results and reduce malware misdetection.
Lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is largely effector-specific in free-choice decisions (2018)

Despite many years of intense research, there is no strong consensus about the role of the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in decision making. One view of LIP function is that it guides spatial attention, providing a "saliency map" of the external world. If this were the case, it would contribute to target selection regardless of which action would be performed to implement the choice. On the other hand, LIP inactivation has been shown to influence spatial selection and oculomotor metrics in free-choice decisions, which are made using eye movements, arguing that it contributes to saccade decisions. To dissociate between a more general attention role and a more effector specific saccade role, we reversibly inactivated LIP while non-human primates freely selected between two targets, presented in the two hemifields, with either saccades or reaches. Unilateral LIP inactivation induced a strong choice bias to ipsilesional targets when decisions were made with saccades. Interestingly, the inactivation also caused a reduction of contralesional choices when decisions were made with reaches, albeit the effect was less pronounced. These findings suggest that LIP is part of a network for making oculomotor decisions and is largely effector-specific in free-choice decisions.
Indication of Lateral Nonuniformity of Effective Oxide Charges in High-k Gate Dielectrics by Terman's Method (2006)

The Terman's method for interface trap density (Dit) extraction is utilized to examine the existence of lateral non- uniformity (LNU) of effective oxide charges in MOS(n) capacitors. The two parallel capacitors model is constructed to simulate the LNU charges, and it was shown that negative effective Dit appears when LNU charges exist in gate oxide. This technique was used to detect the extent of the non- uniformity of effective oxide charge distribution in Al2O3 high-k gate dielectrics prepared by nitric acid (HNO3) oxidation of ultra-thin Al films deposited on semiconductor substrates. It was found that LNU charges exist in Al2O3 experimentally and this observation is in agreement with the simulation result.
Oxidation of p53 through DNA Charge Transport Involves a Network of Disulfides within the DNA-Binding Domain (2015)

Transcription factor p53 plays a critical role in the cellular response to stress stimuli. We have seen that p53 dissociates selectively from various promoter sites as a result of oxidation at long-range through DNA-mediated charge transport (CT). Here, we examine this chemical oxidation and determine the residues in p53 that are essential for oxidative dissociation, focusing on the network of cysteine residues adjacent to the DNA-binding site. Of the eight mutants studied, only the C275S mutation shows decreased affinity for the Gadd45 promoter site. However, both mutations C275S and C277S result in substantial attenuation of oxidative dissociation, with C275S causing the most severe attenuation. Differential thiol labeling was used to determine the oxidation states of cysteine residues within p53 after DNA-mediated oxidation. Reduced cysteines were iodoacetamide-labeled, whereas oxidized cysteines participating in disulfide bonds were (13)C2D2-iodoacetamide-labeled. Intensities of respective iodoacetamide-modified peptide fragments were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A distinct shift in peptide labeling toward (13)C2D2-iodoacetamide-labeled cysteines is observed in oxidized samples, confirming that chemical oxidation of p53 occurs at long range. All observable cysteine residues trend toward the heavy label under conditions of DNA CT, indicating the formation of multiple disulfide bonds among the cysteine network. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that disulfide formation involving C275 is critical for inducing oxidative dissociation of p53 from DNA.
Role of added chloride ions in alteration of reaction pathway in the oxidation of cyclic ketones by dichloroisocyanuric acid—A kinetic study (2015)

Effect of added chloride ions on kinetics and pathway of reaction between cyclic ketones (five to eight membered rings) and dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCICA) was studied in aqueous acetic acid—perchloric acid medium. Formation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids as the end products demonstrates the ring cleavage oxidation. Positive effect of acid and negative effect of dielectric constant on the reaction rate reveals a interaction between positive ion (oxidant in the form of H2OCl+) and dipolar substrate molecule. Zero and first orders by oxidant in absence and presence of added chloride ions illustrates the participation of substrate as enolic form of ketone and protonated ketone, respectively, in the rate determining steps. The observed order of reactivity of cyclic ketones (cyclohexanone > cyclooctanone > cyclopentanone > cycloheptanone) was explained on the bases of ring strain, change of hybridization and conformational considerations. The envisaged plausible mechanism based on order of reactants in presence and absence of added chloride ions was substantiated by the order of Arrhenius parameters.
‘Race’ and Ethnicity Research in Britain: Key Ethical and Political Considerations (2001)

We are principally concerned with the vexed question of the role of sociology in effecting meaningful social change, in a context where research is clearly mediated by, and contingent on, various elements of the 'state', not least academe itself (as intimated in Chapter 1). It will be argued that our role is, or at least can/(should?) be, much broader than that conceptualized/anticipated in mainstream 'social policy' debates in the UK (Bulmer, 1978; 1982; 1986).KeywordsSocial Science ResearchGovernment DepartmentRace RelationRacial EqualityResearch Assessment ExerciseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Four Zuni-Mountain Miniatures (1985)

My wife and I bought and fenced 20 acres of Zuni-Mountain land, to allow it to recover from years of overgrazing. I reveled in the beauty and used the piece as a kind of journal. Back in Albuquerque, I could recall the feel of the place in different seasons and at different times of day.
Development of a 10-DOF robotic system for upper-limb power assistance (2012)

This paper addresses a new robotic system to assist the upper limb movements for the elderly and the disabled in activities of daily living (ADL). The proposed robotic system consists of 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) under-actuated exoskeleton mechanism for hand grasping, 3-DOF exoskeleton parallel mechanism for wrist motion, and 6-DOF serial mechanism that is attached to the wrist mechanism. Thus, the serial mechanism covers shoulder and elbow workspace and supports arbitrary movement of the forearm. The proposed mechanical structure and upper limb mounting manner on the power assistant system minimizes mechanical constraints imposed on the body, thus, it allows to free user from a very slow and cumbersome process for wearing and taking off of the systems.
Genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer (2013)

Despite major improvement in treatment of early stage localised prostate cancer, the distinction between indolent tumors and those that will become aggressive, as well as the lack of efficient therapies of advanced prostate cancer, remain major health problems. Genetically engineered mice (GEM) have been extensively used to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying prostate tumor initiation and progression, and to evaluate new therapies. Moreover, the recent development of conditional somatic mutagenesis in the mouse prostate offers the possibility to generate new models that more faithfully reproduce the human disease, and thus should contribute to improve diagnosis and treatments. The strengths and weaknesses of various models will be discussed, as well as future opportunities.
Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2-dependent Gating of TRPM8 by Lysophospholipids (2006)

TRPM8 represents an ion channel activated by cold temperatures and cooling agents, such as menthol, that underlies the cold-induced excitation of sensory neurons. Interestingly, the only human tissue outside the peripheral nervous system, in which the expression of TRPM8 transcripts has been detected at high levels, is the prostate, a tissue not exposed to any essential temperature variations. Here we show that the TRPM8 cloned from human prostate and heterologously expressed in HEK-293 cells is regulated by the Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) signaling pathway with its end products, lysophospholipids (LPLs), acting as its endogenous ligands. LPLs induce prominent prolongation of TRPM8 channel openings that are hardly detectable with other stimuli (e.g. cold, menthol, and depolarization) and that account for more than 90% of the total channel open time. Down-regulation of iPLA(2) resulted in a strong inhibition of TRPM8-mediated functional responses and abolished channel activation. The action of LPLs on TRPM8 channels involved either changes in the local lipid bilayer tension or interaction with the critical determinant(s) in the transmembrane channel core. Based on this, we propose a novel concept of TRPM8 regulation with the involvement of iPLA(2) stimulation. This mechanism employs chemical rather than physical (temperature change) signaling and thus may be the main regulator of TRPM8 activation in organs not exposed to any essential temperature variations, as in the prostate gland.
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF ERYTHROMYCINS (1973)

Treatment of erythromycin B (2) with tetraacetylglucosyl bromide in nitromethane and pyridine afforded the 8, 9-anhydro-69-hemiketal of erythromycin B (4) in yields above 80%. Hydroxylation of compound 4 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, irrespective of the solvent used, yielded the N-oxide of 8-hydroxyerythromycin B 6911-spiroketal (6). After reduction of the N-oxide function of compound 6 and subsequent hydrolysis with aqueous acetic acid, 8-hydroxyerythromycin B was obtained. The antibacterial activity of this antibiotic against Bacillus pumilus (in vitro) was a half that exhibited by erythromycin B.
Multi-dimensional antibiotic resistance time series reveals the phenotype-based fitness landscape for Escherichia coli (2022)

Abstract The fitness landscape represents the complex relationship between genotype or phenotype and fitness under a given environment, the structure of which allows the explanation and prediction of evolutionary trajectories. Although previous studies have constructed fitness landscapes based on comprehensively studying the mutations in specific genes, the high dimensionality of genotypic changes prevents us from developing a fitness landscape capable of predicting evolution for the whole cell. Herein, we address this problem by inferring the fitness landscape for antibiotic resistance evolution by quantifying the phenotypic changes, that is, multi-dimensional time-series measurements of the drug resistance profile. Using the time-series data of drug resistance for multiple drugs, we inferred that the fitness landscape underlies the evolution dynamics of resistance. We showed that different peaks of the landscape correspond to different drug resistance mechanisms, thus supporting the validity of the inferred fitness landscape. We further discuss how inferred phenotype-fitness landscapes could contribute to the prediction and control of evolution. This approach bridges the gap between phenotypic/genotypic changes and fitness while contributing to a better understanding of drug resistance evolution.
Performance of FFT-rotor slot harmonicspeed detectorfor sensorless induction motor drives (1996)

The paper presents new results relating to real-time speed measurements obtained from the spectral estimation of rotor slot harmonic frequencies present in the stator currents of a cage induction motor. Derivations of the measurement accuracy and a method for attaining the maximum accuracy are presented. The paper derives expressions for predicting the performance under low motor loads and derives the region of signal indeterminacy in the torque–speed plane arising from interference by PWM harmonics. Tracking algorithms to reduce this indeterminacy are presented. A real time experimental implementation allows investigation of dynamic behaviour under speed transients. Use of the detector in speed controllers and in particular sensorless vector controllers is discussed. The research forms part of a larger programme aimed at achieving field-oriented control performance from induction motor drives without a mechanical sensor.
Variations in Pulmonary Venous Drainage to the Left Atrium: Implications for Radiofrequency Ablation (2004)

A classification system to succinctly describe pulmonary venous drainage patterns was developed. Right-sided venous drainage was more variable than left-sided venous drainage. One-quarter of patients had more than two venous ostia on the right side.
Reduced Expression of Histone Methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D Correlates with Improved Outcome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2016)

Genes encoding the histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D are subject to deletion and mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where these lesions identify a group of patients with a more favorable prognosis. In this study, we demonstrate that low KMT2C and KMT2D expression in biopsies also defines better outcome groups, with median survivals of 15.9 versus 9.2 months (P = 0.029) and 19.9 versus 11.8 months (P = 0.001), respectively. Experiments with eight human pancreatic cell lines showed attenuated cell proliferation when these methyltransferases were depleted, suggesting that this improved outcome may reflect a cell-cycle block with diminished progression from G0-G1 RNA-seq analysis of PDAC cell lines following KMT2C or KMT2D knockdown identified 31 and 124 differentially expressed genes, respectively, with 19 genes in common. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed significant downregulation of genes related to cell-cycle and growth. These data were corroborated independently by examining KMT2C/D signatures extracted from the International Cancer Genome Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. Furthermore, these experiments highlighted a potential role for NCAPD3, a condensin II complex subunit, as an outcome predictor in PDAC using existing gene expression series. Kmt2d depletion in KC/KPC cell lines also led to an increased response to the nucleoside analogue 5-fluorouracil, suggesting that lower levels of this methyltransferase may mediate the sensitivity of PDAC to particular treatments. Therefore, it may also be therapeutically beneficial to target these methyltransferases in PDAC, especially in those patients demonstrating higher KTM2C/D expression. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4861-71. ©2016 AACR.
FI-Net: A Lightweight Video Frame Interpolation Network Using Feature-Level Flow (2019)

Video frame interpolation is a classic computer vision task that aims to generate in-between frames given two consecutive frames. In this paper, a flow-based interpolation method (FI-Net) is proposed. FI-Net is a lightweight end-to-end neural network that takes two frames in arbitrary size as input and outputs the estimated intermediate frame. Novelly, it computes optical flow at feature level instead of image level. Such practice can increase the accuracy of estimated flow. Multi-scale technique is utilized to handle large motions. For training, a comprehensive loss function that contains a novel content loss (Sobolev loss) and a semantic loss is introduced. It forces the generated frame to be close to the ground truth one at both pixel level and semantic level. We compare FI-Net with previous methods and it achieves higher performance with less time consumption and much smaller model size.
Fiber amplifier based sensors for combustion control (2001)

Summary form only given. We report on the current status of our work concerning the development of new optical sensors for the measurement of hydroxyl (OH), nitric :oxide (NO) and,carbon monoxide (CO). These sensors will be used for optical absorption measurements in the exhaust streams of combustion systems such as incinerators, furnaces, or gas turbine combustors. No physical sampling probe will be required.
Requirement for integrin-linked kinase in neural crest migration and differentiation and outflow tract morphogenesis (2013)

Our results demonstrate that ILK plays essential roles in neural crest and outflow tract development by mediating complex crosstalk between cell matrix and multiple signaling pathways. Changes in these pathways may collectively result in the unique neural crest and outflow tract phenotypes observed in ILK mutants.