gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability of the Polyphenolic Composition of Cider Apple (Malus domestica) Fruits and Juices (2003)

Five French cider apple varieties were compared on the basis of their detailed polyphenol profile in the cortex and in the juices. Among the factors studied, variety was the most important variability factor in fruits, whereas polyphenol profiles showed an overall stability from one year to another, and a limited decrease of polyphenol concentration was observed during the starch regression period of fruit maturation. In juices, procyanidins remained the preponderant polyphenol class with concentrations up to 2.4 g/L even in centrifuged juices. Compared to the fruits, the average degree of polymerization of procyanidins was significantly reduced in the juice. Centrifugation of the crude juice had only minor effects on the polyphenol composition. For one variety, highly polymerized procyanidins with average degrees of polymerization of 25 were shown to be soluble in the centrifuged juice at a concentration of close to 1.2 g/L. Oxygenation of the juices during processing resulted in a significant decrease of all classes of native polyphenols. Catechins and procyanidins were particularly affected by oxidation, whereas caffeoylquinic acid was partly preserved. The transfer of polyphenols after pressing was maximal for dihydrochalcones and minimal for procyanidins with extraction yield values close to 80 and 30%, respectively.
Single granule pH cycling in antigen-induced mast cell secretion (2000)

The pH cycling of individual granules in secreting (serotonin-loaded) mast cells is quantitatively examined using multicolor multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. A typical exocytosis event consists of maximal calcium rise at time zero, granule alkalization a few seconds later and, finally, complete contents release at a fraction of a second after alkalization. Membrane fusion is either transient, as indicated by subsequent granule reacidification, or 'full', as indicated by a granule disappearance with a collapse of its membrane into the plasma membrane. The relative frequency of these two coexisting behaviors (the 'kiss-to-collapse' ratio) is approximately 2:1. A typical transiently fusing granule experiences multiple alkalization/acidification cycles after addition of exogenous antigen. Between recycling granules, coalescence events are frequent, with 80% resulting in a collapse of the formed granule complex to the plasma membrane. The full dynamics of secretion encompass a complex combination of these granule activities.
Automatic synthesis of gate-level speed-independent control circuits from signal transition graphs (2002)

This paper presents an algorithm which synthesises gate-level speed-independent control circuits directly from signal transition graphs (STGs) by analyzing the relations between the signal transitions in the STG. It uses an exhaustive approach to improve the performance of the synthesized circuit in terms of the circuit area and speed. The experimental results show that our algorithm yields more efficient circuits than the existing works in reasonable time.
ChemInform Abstract: AUTOXIDATION OF 1‐PYRROLINES USING INSENSITIZED OXYGEN (1983)

Abstract Die durch Thermolyse der Oxazaphospholene (I) intermediär gebildeten Nitrilylide (II) addieren sich an Acrylsäureethylester (III) zu den isomeren 1‐Pyrrolinen (IV) und (V); die Autoxidation von (IV) mit Luftsauerstoff führt zu den Hydroxypyrrolinen (VI).
The effect of ocean inhomogeneities on array output (1990)

The performance of line arrays is significantly affected by the irregular spatial variations that develop in acoustic waves when they propagate in the ocean. A numerical technique that has been successful in simulating the spatial variations observed in ocean acoustic experiments has been used to study their effect on array performance. Analytical expressions, helpful for describing the output of an array in such a spatially varying sound field, have been derived on the basis of the parabolic second- and fourth-moment equations. The present paper is confined to treating vertically deployed arrays.
Real-time video surveillance system using a field programmable gate array (2000)

In this article, a stand-alone real-time video surveillance system is presented. This system monitors a scene through a fixed master camera with a wide field of view and then directs a slave camera to capture automatically high-resolution images of moving targets within the scene. Motion detection is achieved by means of background differencing using adaptive thresholding and a temporal filter to continually update the background. The user can set the system to respond to different types of targets on the basis of their size and shape. The system utilizes a single-field programmable gate array to control the capture and storage of image frames from the master camera, to perform all the necessary video-rate arithmetic and logical operations on images, and to generate all the signals needed to direct the slave camera. Results illustrating the highly successful operation of the system and comparisons with other reported surveillance systems are included. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 11, 130–137, 2000
The Nature of the Methylcyclohexane—Ferric Chloride Reaction1 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nature of the Methylcyclohexane—Ferric Chloride Reaction1Peter Kovacic, Samuel T. Morneweck, and Herman C. VolzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2551–2554Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01045a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Precision Synthesis of Block Copolymers to Properties and Applications of Nanoparticles (2017)

Inorganic nanoparticles have become a research focus in numerous fields because of their unique properties that distinguish them from their bulk counterparts. Controlling the size and shape of nanoparticles is an essential aspect of nanoparticle synthesis. Preparing inorganic nanoparticles by using block copolymer templates is one of the most reliable routes for tuning the size and shape of nanoparticles with a high degree of precision. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in the design of block copolymer templates for crafting spherical inorganic nanoparticles including compact, hollow, and core-shell varieties. The templates are divided into two categories: micelles self-assembled from linear block copolymers and unimolecular star-shaped block copolymers. The precise control over the size and morphology of nanoparticles is highlighted as well as the useful properties and applications of such inorganic nanoparticles.
Negative Strand RNA Virus (2011)

Overview: The History and the Genome Organization of Negative Strand RNA Viruses Virus Entry: Entry of Rhabdovirus Entry of Paramyxovirus Replication/Transcription: Replication of Rhabdovirus Replication of Paramyxovirus Transcription of Rhabdovirus Transcription of Paramyxovirus Assembly: Assembly of Rhabdovirus Assembly of Paramyxovirus Host Interaction: Interactions with the Host Emerging Viruses: Emerging Viruses.
miRBase: The MicroRNA Sequence Database (2006)

The miRBase Sequence database is the primary repository for published microRNA (miRNA) sequence and annotation data. miRBase provides a user-friendly web interface for miRNA data, allowing the user to search using key words or sequences, trace links to the primary literature referencing the miRNA discoveries, analyze genomic coordinates and context, and mine relationships between miRNA sequences. miRBase also provides a confidential gene-naming service, assigning official miRNA names to novel genes before their publication. The methods outlined in this chapter describe these functions. miRBase is freely available to all at http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/.
Quality of Accounting Information Systems and Their Impact on Improving the Non-Financial Performance of Jordanian Islamic Banks (2020)

Current study aimed at examining the influence of quality of AIS outputs in improving non-financial performance of Jordanian Islamic banks, AIS outputs characteristics included (Relevance, Credibility, Procedures and instructions, Timelines, IT infrastructure and Feedback Value). In order to achieve aim, researcher adopted a quantitative approach utilizing a questionnaire. After application; (150) individuals within financial departments in Jordanian Islamic banks responded o he questionnaire; and analysis showed that the quality of AIS outputs plays a role in improving and defining non-financial performance. The influence mainly was attributed to credibility which appeared to be the most influential among all, followed by relevance and procedures and instruction in the 2nd and 3rd ranks respectively. Study recommended the necessity for Jordanian Islamic banks to prepare a strategic plan and implement it to develop electronic accounting information systems to achieve the continuity of the quality of that information and the principles of systems reliability in an integrated manner.
The etiology and molecular genetics of human pigmentation disorders (2012)

Pigmentation, defined as the placement of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes for coloration, is distinctive because the location, amount, and type of pigmentation provides a visual manifestation of genetic heterogeneity in pathways regulating the pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. The scope of this genetic heterogeneity in humans ranges from normal to pathological pigmentation phenotypes. Clinically, normal human pigmentation encompasses a variety of skin and hair color as well as punctate pigmentation such as melanocytic nevi (moles) or ephelides (freckles), while abnormal human pigmentation exhibits markedly reduced or increased pigment levels, known as hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation, respectively. Elucidation of the molecular genetics underlying pigmentation has revealed genes important for melanocyte development and function. Furthermore, many pigmentation disorders show additional defects in cells other than melanocytes, and identification of the genetic insults in these disorders has revealed pleiotropic genes, where a single gene is required for various functions in different cell types. Thus, unravelling the genetics of easily visualized pigmentation disorders has identified molecular similarities between melanocytes and less visible cell types/tissues, arising from a common developmental origin and/or shared genetic regulatory pathways. Herein we discuss notable human pigmentation disorders and their associated genetic alterations, focusing on the fact that the developmental genetics of pigmentation abnormalities are instructive for understanding normal pathways governing development and function of melanocytes.
[Glaucoma and quality of life]. (2003)

Glaucoma is a serious ocular disorder potentially leading to blindness. Measuring the quality of life of patients with glaucoma is important because it makes it possible to evaluate the impact of the disease and its treatment on the patient's everyday life. Hitherto, this was done using generic scales, or those developed for other diseases; but no scale suitable for glaucoma was available. The recently developed GlauQOL scale is now available. We present the short version of this questionnaire adapted to individual use within an ophthalmology consultation setting.
Long-Term Effects of Neovaginal Reconstruction With Sigmoid Loop Technique on Sexual Function and Self Image in Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies: Results of a Prospective Study (2009)

The effects of neovaginal reconstruction in cancer patients follow a completely different psychosocial pattern from patients with benign causes of vaginal aplasia, especially with respect to sexual function. There are only limited validated data in cancer patients on the use of intestinal loop techniques for the reconstruction of the vagina and the impact of this procedure on patient’s satisfaction and sexual life. This prospective study assessed the long-term effects of sigmoid neovaginal reconstruction on safety, sexual function, and self-image of women with gynecologic malignancies after radical pelvic surgery. The patients were seven women with a mean age of 48.8 ± 8.5 years (range: 36–61) who had vaginal reconstruction by a pedicled sigmoid loop during 2003 and 2008. Three of the women presented with cervical cancer, three had vaginal cancer and one had advanced endometrial cancer. Patients received systematic clinical examinations, and, at the earliest 6 months after vaginoplasty, completed questionnaires on sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]), quality of life (SF-12), and risk of depression (ADS-k15). For all seven patients, the average neovaginal length was 6.4 cm (range: 2–12), and the mean full FSFI-score was 16.6 ± 12.6 points. Among the five patients (71%) with an active sexual life, the average length of the neovagina averaged 7.8 ± 2.9 cm (range: 4–12 cm), and the average FSFI-score was 22.52 ± 9.4 points. The operative procedure appeared to be safe. There were no severe complications such as graft necrosis, paralytic/mechanical ileus, or intestinal anastomosis dehiscence. With long-term assessment, six patients (85%) developed a vaginal stenosis and need for an operative bougienage. Of these six patients, high-grade shrinkage and neovaginal stenosis developed in the three (43%) who avoided regular sexual contact. In contrast, only moderate shrinkage and mild stenosis occurred among the three patients who were sexually active. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that a satisfactory sexual life with relatively low surgical morbidity is possible in cancer patients after sigmoid vaginoplasty. The investigators believe that this procedure should be offered to patients with gynecologic cancer after radical pelvic surgery and complete tumor resection.
Early angiographic results after revascularization by minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB)1 (1999)

The overall patency of MIDCAB-LAD-grafting appears to be equivalent to conventional IMA grafting to the LAD. Particular angiographic findings, however, may be directly associated to the applied surgical technique.
Clustering of meiotic double-strand breaks on yeast chromosome III (1997)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiotic recombination is initiated by transient DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are repaired by interaction of the broken chromosome with its homologue. To identify a large number of DSB sites and gain insight into the control of DSB formation at both the local and the whole chromosomal levels, we have determined at high resolution the distribution of meiotic DSBs along the 340 kb of chromosome III. We have found 76 DSB regions, mostly located in intergenic promoter-containing intervals. The frequency of DSBs varies at least 50-fold from one region to another. The global distribution of DSB regions along chromosome III is nonrandom, defining large (39-105 kb) chromosomal domains, both hot and cold. The distribution of these localized DSBs indicates that they are likely to initiate most crossovers along chromosome III, but some discrepancies remain to be explained.
Data from Integrated Classification of Prostate Cancer Reveals a Novel Luminal Subtype with Poor Outcome (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease with variable molecular alterations underlying cancer initiation and progression. Despite recent advances in understanding prostate cancer heterogeneity, better methods for classification of prostate cancer are still needed to improve prognostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we computationally assembled a large virtual cohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1,321) of human prostate cancer transcriptome profiles from 38 distinct cohorts and, using pathway activation signatures of known relevance to prostate cancer, developed a novel classification system consisting of three distinct subtypes (named PCS1–3). We validated this subtyping scheme in 10 independent patient cohorts and 19 laboratory models of prostate cancer, including cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models. Analysis of subtype-specific gene expression patterns in independent datasets derived from luminal and basal cell models provides evidence that PCS1 and PCS2 tumors reflect luminal subtypes, while PCS3 represents a basal subtype. We show that PCS1 tumors progress more rapidly to metastatic disease in comparison with PCS2 or PCS3, including PSC1 tumors of low Gleason grade. To apply this finding clinically, we developed a 37-gene panel that accurately assigns individual tumors to one of the three PCS subtypes. This panel was also applied to circulating tumor cells (CTC) and provided evidence that PCS1 CTCs may reflect enzalutamide resistance. In summary, PCS subtyping may improve accuracy in predicting the likelihood of clinical progression and permit treatment stratification at early and late disease stages. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(17); 4948–58. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Polyethylene Damage Increases With Varus Implant Alignment in Posterior-stabilized and Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty (2017)

While we found a predisposition toward recurrence of the preoperative varus deformity, we did not find increased medial as opposed to lateral polyethylene damage, which may be explained by the curve-on-curve toroidal design of the articulating surfaces of the TKA implants in this study.
OP014 Analysis of 1792 gut metagenomes reveals microbial treatment targets for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome (2018)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. The gut microbiome—the collection of microorganisms in the gut—presumably plays a large role in both diseases. Therefore, the microbiome holds great promise both as a diagnostic tool and as a target for treatment. However, thus far, functional studies have focused on single organisms whereas low-resolution microbial profiles based on marker genes (16S rRNA) have not been able to sufficiently understand the complex microbial changes in both diseases. In this study, we aim to bridge the gap between functional studies and 16S, by identifying complete species and functional gut microbiome profiles, using high-resolution shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We performed a large case–control study comprising stool samples of 1792 individuals: 355 IBD patients (comprising patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)), 421 IBS patients and 1025 population controls. Fecal DNA was isolated and sequenced generating ~3.0 Gb of data per sample. In addition, a large number of phenotypes was collected for all participants, including lifestyle information and disease characteristics. Taxonomy, bacterial strain diversity and growth rates, gene families’, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance protein abundances were inferred from the sequencing data. Extensive multi-layer gut microbiome profiles were uncovered for both IBD and IBS. Interestingly, our results show a substantial overlap in microbial species alterations in patients with IBD and IBS compared with controls (83 taxa, FDR <0.1). The overlap included the decreased Faecalibacterium prauznitzii abundance in both IBD and IBS. In CD, not only the abundance, but also the strain diversity and the bacterial growth rate of Escherichia coli was increased. Interestingly, gut microbial characteristics were able to distinguish between IBD and IBS (AUC = 0.90), performing better than fecal calprotectin (AUC = 0.79). Bacterial virulence factors involved in mucosal damage and iron uptake were increased in patients with IBD. In addition, antibiotic resistances proteins, especially efflux pumps, were increased in both diseases. Large alterations in the microbial metabolic functions indicated that in CD an l-arginine deficiency, which is involved in wound healing, and vitamin B2 depletion, which acts as an anti-oxidant, could be targets for intervention. Using high-resolution microbial sequencing data of patients with IBD and patients with IBS, we identified microbial characteristics that can distinguish between these gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, our comprehensive analysis identified several targets for microbial therapeutic trials.
Simulations of Wearless Friction at a Sliding Interface between Ordered Organic Monolayers (1998)

Molecular dynamics and simple phenomenological simulations are used to model the friction between two ordered monolayers of alkane chains bound at their ends to rigid substrates. Results of calculations using these methods suggest that the frictional properties at a sliding interface between the ordered films are governed by two simplified potentials. One is a potential due to the lateral collective deformation of a film and the other is a corrugated interfacial potential between films facing each other. These two potentials are closely related to the nature of the films, i.e., their physical and chemical properties. In addition, the simplified models can be greatly extended to clarify the frictional behavior of other weakly interacting interfaces such as hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces.
New Push–Pull Dyes Derived from Michler’s Ketone For Polymerization Reactions Upon Visible Lights. (2013)

Among other photoinitiating systems, aromatic ketone based compounds have been largely exploited as photoinitiators (PIs). However, none of these compounds efficiently absorb above 420 nm. The search of novel architectures of PIs for getting an important red-shift of the absorption is crucial for the use of visible lights for polymer synthesis. Novel bifunctional dyes derived from the Michler’s ketone structure are proposed here as photoinitiators for the free radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides upon exposure to 457, 473, and 532 nm laser diodes and even to a green LED bulb at 514 nm. Excellent polymerization profiles are obtained. These original dyes exhibit a push–pull molecular character for a remarkable covering of the visible lights. The formation of the radicals and the ions in the two- and three-component photoinitiating systems is described and the initiation steps are discussed.
Novel Treatments and New Research in Hodgkin Lymphoma (2011)

In this video interview, Joseph Connors gives an overview of the results presented here at ASCO of the phase II trial of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, and discusses the most intriguing work currently being done with novel agents used to treat relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.