gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of crystalloid cardioplegia and verapamil on cardiac function and cellular biochemistry during hypothermic cardiac arrest. (1987)

A study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of cold crystalloid cardioplegia with or without verapamil on the functional recovery of the heart, Ca++ binding and uptake, Ca++ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcolemmal ATPase and the MB fraction of creatine kinase (MBCK) after 1.5 h of reperfusion following 1 h of ischemic cardiac arrest. The dogs were divided into three groups: group I, sham bypass; group II, cold crystalloid cardioplegia; group III, cold crystalloid cardioplegia with verapamil. There was a decrease in the cardiac index (CI), left ventricular work index (LVWI) and mean aortic pressure (MAP) in the sham bypass group at the end of the protocol (time period corresponding to 60 mins off bypass). There was a decrease in the Cl and index of myocardial contractility in the cold crystalloid cardioplegic group compared to sham bypass group. The decrease in the cardiac function in cold crystalloid group was associated with a decrease in Ca++ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum and a tendency for an increase in the sarcolemmal Na+-K+ ATPase. The Ca++ binding and the Ca++ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum were not affected. The index of myocardial contractility and cardiac function were better with cold crystalloid containing verapamil than with cold crystalloid alone. This improvement, although partial, in cardiac contractility and function with cold crystalloid cardioplegia containing verapamil was associated with an improvement in the Ca++ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Ca++ ATPase and Ca++ binding were depressed in group III. The MBCK in systemic and coronary sinus blood increased progressively in groups II and III. Although there was an increase in MBCK in group I the increase was not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Propagation of the optical Wigner function in random multiple-scattering media (2000)

The transverse spatial coherence of light evolves as the light traverses a random, multiple-scattering medium. For near- forward scattering, the wave-transport process can be described by a wave-transport equation for the spatial-angular Wigner function of the light, which is related to the spatial coherence function. Using a novel variable-shear Sagnac interferometer, we measured the Wigner function of initially coherent light after propagation through a multiple-scattering medium. We find good agreement between the wave-transport theory and the experimental results.
Demenz: Was kann der Radiologe sagen? Dementia: What can the radiologist say? (2012)

With the ageing of our population dementia will become a more relevant topic for radiologist in the near future. To date, the key clinical indication for imaging studies is the exclusion of unexpected but treatable conditions. MRI together with CSF, PET and SPECT is considered a biomarker in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, the most frequent dementia affecting approximately 60% of patients with dementia. Atrophy of the mesial temporal lobe quantified on images acquired perpendicular to a plane defined by the anterior and posterior commissure predicts the rapid development of symptoms in otherwise asymptomatic patients. However, the detection of small changes in brain volume during follow-up imaging requires a voxel based analysis. Other types of dementia have characteristic patterns on MR images, which should be readily recognized by the radiologist.
TR Alpha 2 Exerts Dominant Negative Effects on Hypothalamic Trh Transcription In Vivo (2014)

Mammalian thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) have multiple isoforms, including the bona fide receptors that bind T3 (TRα1, TRβ1 and TRβ2) and a non-hormone-binding variant, TRα2. Intriguingly, TRα2 is strongly expressed in the brain, where its mRNA levels exceed those of functional TRs. Ablation of TRα2 in mice results in over-expression of TRα1, and a complex phenotype with low levels of free T3 and T4, without elevated TSH levels, suggesting an alteration in the negative feedback at the hypothalamic-pituitary level. As the hypothesis of a potential TRH response defect has never been tested, we explored the functional role of TRα2 in negative feedback on transcription of hypothalamic thyrotropin, Trh. The in vivo transcriptional effects of TRα2 on hypothalamic Trh were analysed using an in vivo reporter gene approach. Effects on Trh-luc expression were examined to that of two, T3 positively regulated genes used as controls. Applying in vivo gene transfer showed that TRα2 over-expression in the mouse hypothαlamus abrogates T3-dependent repression of Trh and T3 activation of positively regulated promoters, blocking their physiological regulation. Surprisingly, loss of function studies carried out by introducing a shTRα2 construct in the hypothalamus also blocked physiological T3 dependent regulation. Thus, modulating hypothalamic TRα2 expression by either gain or loss of function abrogated T3 dependent regulation of Trh transcription, producing constant transcriptional levels insensitive to feedback. This loss of physiological regulation was reflected at the level of the endogenous Trh gene, were gain or loss of function held mRNA levels constant. These results reveal the as yet undescribed dominant negative role of TRα2 over TRα1 effect on hypothalamic Trh transcription.
IFT74 variants cause skeletal ciliopathy and motile cilia defects in mice and humans (2023)

Motile and non-motile cilia play critical roles in mammalian development and health. These organelles are composed of a 1000 or more unique proteins, but their assembly depends entirely on proteins synthesized in the cell body and transported into the cilium by intraflagellar transport (IFT). In mammals, malfunction of non-motile cilia due to IFT dysfunction results in complex developmental phenotypes that affect most organs. In contrast, disruption of motile cilia function causes subfertility, disruption of the left-right body axis, and recurrent airway infections with progressive lung damage. In this work, we characterize allele specific phenotypes resulting from IFT74 dysfunction in human and mice. We identified two families carrying a deletion encompassing IFT74 exon 2, the first coding exon, resulting in a protein lacking the first 40 amino acids and two individuals carrying biallelic splice site mutations. Homozygous exon 2 deletion cases presented a ciliary chondrodysplasia with narrow thorax and progressive growth retardation along with a mucociliary clearance disorder phenotype with severely shorted cilia. Splice site variants resulted in a lethal skeletal chondrodysplasia phenotype. In mice, removal of the first 40 amino acids likewise results in a motile cilia phenotype but with little effect on primary cilia structure. Mice carrying this allele are born alive but are growth restricted and developed hydrocephaly in the first month of life. In contrast, a strong, likely null, allele of Ift74 in mouse completely blocks ciliary assembly and causes severe heart defects and midgestational lethality. In vitro studies suggest that the first 40 amino acids of IFT74 are dispensable for binding of other IFT subunits but are important for tubulin binding. Higher demands on tubulin transport in motile cilia compared to primary cilia resulting from increased mechanical stress and repair needs could account for the motile cilia phenotype observed in human and mice.
Thermal degradation of ethylene bis(N‐phenylcarbamate) (1964)

Abstract The pyrolysis of ethylene bis( N ‐phenolcarbamate) was studied as the simplest model of a polyurethane. The degradation occurs by a double process of decomposition involving the simultaneous formation of 3‐phenyl‐2‐oxazolidone, carbon dioxide, and aniline and a partial dissociation into monocarbamate and phenyl isocyanate. Further reaction produces ethylene oxide, N , N ′‐diphenylethylenediamine, N , N ′‐diphenyl‐2‐imidazolidone, and N , N ′‐diphenylurea.
Screening double salt sulfate hydrates for application in thermochemical heat storage (2022)

In this paper a relatively new class of thermochemical compounds is tested for their heat storage potential. 24 different double salt sulfate hydrates with the general formula AI2BII(SO4)2·nH2O were synthesized and screened for the desirable properties of a thermochemical heat battery material. The materials were tested on the following set of criteria: energy density ≥ 1.3 GJ/m3, dehydration temperature ≤ 120 °C, 10-fold cyclability at PH2O ≤ 12 mbar. The 24 salts have dehydration temperatures between 55 and 198 °C and energy densities between 1.1 and 2.0 GJ/m3. (NH4)2Zn(SO4)2·6H2O is the only material that passes all the set criteria and is therefore suitable for further investigation. This material has an energy density of 1.78 GJ/m3, a dehydration temperature of 84 °C after one dehydration-hydration cycle and can perform at least 10 cycles without loss of performance. There are five other salts of interest that meet two out of the three criteria. (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O has a 1.8 GJ/m3 energy density and is cyclable 10 times, but has a dehydration temperature of 132 °C. (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O, (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O, Cs2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O and Cs2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O have energy densities of 1.6 to 1.76 GJ/m3 and dehydration temperatures below 120 °C, but they require 22.7 mbar to achieve cyclability.
Towards compliant and wearable robotic orthoses: A review of current and emerging actuator technologies (2016)

Robotic orthoses, or exoskeletons, have the potential to provide effective rehabilitation while overcoming the availability and cost constraints of therapists. However, current orthosis actuation systems use components designed for industrial applications, not specifically for interacting with humans. This can limit orthoses' capabilities and, if their users' needs are not adequately considered, contribute to their abandonment. Here, a user centered review is presented on: requirements for orthosis actuators; the electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic actuators currently used in orthoses and their advantages and limitations; the potential of new actuator technologies, including smart materials, to actuate orthoses; and the future of orthosis actuator research.
Surface Tension of Liquid Carbon Saturated Fe-Ni Alloys and Their Wettability to Solid Graphite (1994)

Wetting of a solid graphite by carbon saturated Fe-Ni liquid alloys was studied by the sessile drop method at 1623 K. The results are summarized as follows, (1) Surface tension of the liquid alloys was 1720±40 mN/m which showed no composition dependence. (2) It was found that the advancing contact angle, which was measured by increasing the metal-graphite interface, is higher than that of the receding state, namely the hysteresis of wetting. (3) The advancing contact angle is the same as that observed when the liquid alloy at carbon saturation was dropped on the graphite substrate, while the receding one is close to the value obtained when the carbon-free liquid was melted on the graphite substrate. (4) The difference between the advancing and receding contact angles was discussed by Aksay’s model.
[Association of muscle segment homeobox gene 1 polymorphisms with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate]. (2008)

No correlation between MSX1 exon 1 and NSCL/P was found. MSX1 exon 1 may not be a key gene (susceptibility gene) in NSCL/P.
Mycobacterium lentiflavumin Drinking Water Supplies, Australia (2011)

Mycobacterium lentifl avum, a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is a rare cause of human disease. It has been isolated from environmental samples worldwide. To assess the clinical signifi cance of M. lentifl avum isolates reported to the Queensland Tuberculosis Control Centre, Australia, during 2001-2008, we explored the genotypic similarity and geographic relationship between isolates from humans and potable water in the Brisbane metropolitan area. A total of 47 isolates from 36 patients were reported; 4 patients had clinically signifi cant disease. M. lentifl avum was cultured from 13 of 206 drinking water sites. These sites overlapped geographically with home addresses of the patients who had clinically signifi cant disease. Automated repetitive sequence-based PCR genotyping showed a dominant environmental clone closely related to clinical strains. This fi nding suggests potable water as a possible source of M. lentifl avum infection in humans.
Adsorption of Free Fatty Acid from Crude Palm Oil on Magnesium Silicate Derived from Rice Husk (2011)

Magnesium silicate with various silica and magnesium oxide ratios (SiO 2 /MgO ratios) was used as the adsorbent for a study of adsorption of free fatty acid (FFA) in crude palm oil (CPO). Magnesium silicate was prepared from magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate solution precipitated with a solution of sodium silicate derived from rice husk. SiO 2 /MgO ratios of the magnesium silicate synthesized from magnesium nitrate and magnesium sulfate were 3. 93, 3.75, 2.74, 2.40, 1.99 and 3.96, 3.61, 3.51, 2.91, 2.69, respectively. FFA adsorption on the magnesium silicate was carried out by adding 1 gram of the adsorbent to 50 grams of CPO and shaking for 1 hour at 50 o C. It was found that SiO 2 /MgO prepared from magnesium nitrate ratio of 1.99 had the highest adsorption capacities of 185 mg of FFA per gram of adsorbent. In addition, increasing of SiO 2 /MgO ratios of magnesium silicate was found to reduce the adsorption capacities due to decreasing of FFA chemisorption. The effect of dosage amount to equilibrium adsorption capacities were carried out by adding different amount of magnesium silicate (SiO 2 /MgO ratio of 1.99) to 50 grams of CPO. The result showed that efficiency decreased when dosage increased. The Fruendlich and Langmuir isotherm were applied to describe this absorption system. The values of maximum sorption capacity (Q 0 ) and Langmuir's sorption affinity (b) in the Langmuir equation obtained by linear-regression were minus values which were physically meaningless. Thus, FFA adsorption on magnesium silicate was both physisorption and chemisorption and well represented by the Fruenlich isotherm.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPEZIFISCHE SYNTH. DES (20S,22R)‐17ALPHA,20,22‐TRIHYDROXYCHOLESTERINS (VIII) UND DES (20S,22S)‐17ALPHA,20,22‐TRIHYDROXYCHOLESTERINS (X) (1972)

Abstract Zur Synthese der Cholesterine (VIII) und (X) wird 3β‐Acetoxy‐16a, 17aepoxy‐A5‐pregnen‐2O‐on (1) mit Vinylmagnesiumbromid zum Epoxydiol (II) (70% Ausbeute nach Abtrennung des ZOß‐Epimeren) kondensiert, (II) mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid zum 3β,17a,20a‐Triol (III) reduziert, das Triol mit p‐Toluolsulfonylchlorid/Pyridin zum Sß‐Tosylat acyliert, das Tosylat zum (2OS)‐6‐Methoxy‐17a,20‐dihydroxy‐3a,5a‐cyclo‐24‐nor‐A2Z‐cholen (IV) cyclisiert und das A22‐En mit 3 Mol m‐Chlorbenzoepersäure in Methylenchlorid zum 2:3‐Gemisch der 22R‐(V)‐ und 22S‐Epoxide (VI) epoxidiert.
Reply to “Recently Reported Crystalline Isothiazole Carbenes: Myth or Reality” (2007)

In light of the results of Bertrand and co‐workers, the isothiazole carbenes previously reported by us cannot be considered to be stable. Evidently they are intermediates, which rapidly isomerize to the 2‐imino‐2 H ‐thiete isomers. Nevertheless, it is possible to obtain their dimers and to postulate their contribution in the formation of morpholino or piperidino derivatives.
Optimisation de la distance de tir en projection cold spray (2011)

La projection cold spray utilise principalement l’énergie d’impact des particules pour former des revêtements denses. L’étalement et l’adhésion des particules étant liés à l’énergie cinétique et donc à la vitesse des particules, il est primordial de maximiser leur accélération pour obtenir un rendement de dépôt élevé. Ce transfert de quantité de mouvement peut être optimisé en modifiant les paramètres de fonctionnement du système de projection mais également en choisissant une distance tuyère-substrat adéquate. Cet article décrit un modèle 2D mis en œuvre avec le logiciel de CFD Fluent pour simuler le comportement d’un flux de particules de titane dans un écoulement supersonique. Ses résultats montrent que les particules n’atteignent pas leur vitesse maximale en sortie de tuyère mais environ 90 mm en aval de celle-ci. C’est donc à cette distance que le substrat doit être placé pour optimiser la projection. La précision de ces calculs est confirmée expérimentalement et les variations significatives d’épaisseurs des dépôts montrent l’influence drastique de la distance de tir sur le rendement de dépôt.
High Resolution Flexible 3-RRR Planar Parallel Micro-Stage in Near Singular Configuration for Resolution Improvement (2006)

We focus on the micro-stage of a new high resolution positioning machine. One of its key features is the use of flexible circular notch hinges for passive joints. After a reminder of the micro-stage architecture and its inverse position and velocity kinematics solutions, a force model is developed for the choice of the actuators. This model takes into account the flexible R (revolute) joints modeled as torsional springs and the external forces applied on the traveling plate. Simulations are conducted to evaluate both kinds of forces and result in the choice of the appropriate actuator. The final design of the micro-stage is presented as well as the obtained prototype
A higher-order stochastic model for surface backscatter in high sea states (1993)

A stochastic bubble-layer scattering model based on first-order perturbation theory (plane-wave Born approximation) has recently been developed [K. E. Gilbert, submitted to J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (1993)]. In the first-order model, the scattering is treated as a perturbation on the plane-wave solution for the bubble-free water and is written in terms of a ‘‘geometric factor’’ times the horizontal wave-number spectrum of the sound-speed fluctuations in the bubble layer. For low sea states and higher grazing angles, this approach is adequate. For high sea states and low grazing angles, first-order perturbation theory is less accurate and one needs to account for the average bubble density and compute backscatter due to fluctuations about the average. In this paper results are compared for scattering computed with the ordinary plane-wave Born approximation to that computed with the ‘‘distorted-wave’’ Born approximation (DWBA). It is shown that for high sea states and low grazing angles, distorted waves significantly enhance the backscatter at low frequencies and consequently give better agreement with experiment. The effect can be understood in terms of near-surface upward refraction that creates greater insonification and larger grazing angles near the surface than that obtained with plane waves. Finally, the effect of near-surface upward refraction on rough surface scattering is briefly discussed.
Ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1999)

Ventilation is essential for oxygenation of the alveoli and arterial blood. Comatose humans have upper airway soft tissue obstruction unless the head is tilted backwards and sometimes, in addition, the jaw thrust forward. In 1960, measurements on comatose humans with or without cardiac arrest, with or without a tracheal tube, showed essentially no ventilation by sternal compressions alone. This led to combining step A (airway control), step B (mouth-to-mouth ventilation), and step C (sternal (cardiac) compressions) into basic life support. In animal models, sternal compressions alone can produce some ventilation with or without a tracheal tube, because the straight upper airways of animals do not obstruct in coma. In witnessed sudden cardiac death, the C-A-B sequence makes physiological sense, but other causes of sudden coma need the A-B-C sequence. Lay persons should continue to be taught cardiopulmonary resuscitation steps A-B-C.
Nanoscale Visualization and Intercalation in Many-Particle LiFePO4 Electrodes (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Relaxed Excited States Origin and Structure in Lead-Doped Caesium Bromide (2001)

Absorption, emission and excitation spectra, polarization and decay kinetics of luminescence and their temperature dependences have been studied at 4.2–300 K for several CsBr:Pb samples with various lead concentrations. The origin and structure of the relaxed excited states responsible for the 3.33, 2.8 and 2.43 eV emission bands have been discussed. It has been concluded that the relaxed excited state model proposed for Tl+-doped caesium halides and CsCl:Pb is not valid in case of CsBr:Pb. To establish the origin of the relaxed excited states in a CsBr:Pb crystal, the luminescence characteristics of CsBr:Pb have been compared with those reported for Cs4PbBr6, PbBr2 and CsPbBr3 bulk crystals. It has been assumed that owing to a strong interaction between Pb2+ and Br— ions, the molecular-like states, which are similar to the excited levels of some stable lead-related compounds, are responsible for the luminescence of CsBr:Pb crystals.
A New Synthesis of Phosphorane Ylide Precursors to Vicinal Tricarbonyls from Alkyl Halides Utilizing a Novel Phenylsulfonyl Reagent (2015)

Due to the presence in many bioactive natural products such as FK-506, rapamycin, eurystatin, and cyclotryprostatin, and their usefulness in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, the vicinal tricarbonyls have been attractive and challenging research topics for synthetic chemists. Although Wasserman’s synthetic approach to vicinal tricarbonyls has been extensively used in the synthesis of complex compounds, it has a limitation that the phosphorane ylide 2, the key precursors to vicinal tricarbonyls, should be prepared only from carboxylic acids or acid chlorides (Scheme 1). In previous studies we have reported new approaches to 2 from carbonyl compounds using a new Horner-WadsworthEmmons reagent, and from alkyl halides using a new sulfinyl reagent to overcome the above-mentioned limitation. In continuation of our study, we have recently developed a unique approach to α-keto cyanophosphorane ylides, the key precursors to α-keto amide/ester units in Wasserman’s protocol, from alkyl halides using a novel phenylsulfonyl reagent. As an extension of this chameleonic sulfone chemistry for the synthesis of phosphorene ylide precursors 2’ from chemicals other than carboxylic acids and acid chlorides, we herein wish to report a further method for forming 2’ from alkyl halides using a new phenylsulfonyl reagent 4 as the key reagent (Scheme 2).
Classifying CT Image Data Into Material Fractions by a Scale and Rotation Invariant Edge Model (2007)

A fully automated method is presented to classify 3-D CT data into material fractions. An analytical scale-invariant description relating the data value to derivatives around Gaussian blurred step edges--arch model--is applied to uniquely combine robustness to noise, global signal fluctuations, anisotropic scale, noncubic voxels, and ease of use via a straightforward segmentation of 3-D CT images through material fractions. Projection of noisy data value and derivatives onto the arch yields a robust alternative to the standard computed Gaussian derivatives. This results in a superior precision of the method. The arch-model parameters are derived from a small, but over-determined, set of measurements (data values and derivatives) along a path following the gradient uphill and downhill starting at an edge voxel. The model is first used to identify the expected values of the two pure materials (named L and H) and thereby classify the boundary. Second, the model is used to approximate the underlying noise-free material fractions for each noisy measurement. An iso-surface of constant material fraction accurately delineates the material boundary in the presence of noise and global signal fluctuations. This approach enables straightforward segmentation of 3-D CT images into objects of interest for computer-aided diagnosis and offers an easy tool for the design of otherwise complicated transfer functions in high-quality visualizations. The method is applied to segment a tooth volume for visualization and digital cleansing for virtual colonoscopy.