gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Architecture for Haptic Control of Media (1999)

Abstract Most haptic interfaces are designed with a desire to produce simultaneous perception across multiple senses, with haptic behaviors that complement the task at hand. However, software architectures for haptic interfaces often distribute a virtual model and tasks among multiple processes and CPUs. This functional segregation can reduce the quality of haptic experience, by hiding important details of the dynamic model and reducing the communication bandwidth between the haptic controller and the application. We present a means of closely coordinating a haptic interface with a virtual model, application content and other sensory displays. Our architecture features the ability to customize haptic behavior at a low level, in the dynamic relations among control parameters. Furthermore, we have located significant application control within the haptic process in order to facilitate effective bidirectional communication. We describe some applications for haptically manipulating dynamic media; and propose extensions to our architecture for increased generality, decreased code size and high-level programmability for efficient application development.
Recombination Lifetime Variations and Defect Introduction by Rapid Thermal Processing (1998)

Extended defects generated during RTP processing at the quartz wafer support and contact fingers of the wafer transfer robot have been examined by minority carrier recombination lifetime, τr, and X-Ray Topography. Silicon CZ wafers of 8”dia have been mapped laterally, and the defects imaged as a function of depth. Various RTP chamber cleaning and annealing experiments were carried out to control the reduced lifetime/pin defect formation process. A τr reduction of up to two orders of magnitude can occur at the contact points. The low lifetime has been profiled in-depth by Laser Microwave Photoconductance Decay following sequential sample thinning to yield 3D lifetime maps. HF-passivation was used to lower the impact of surface recombination. A two exponential model was used to separate the surface and bulk components of lifetime, which were resolved by the Nelder-Mead non-linear fitting method. The range of lifetime degradation at the RTP induced defects varies with the level of contamination which occurs during pin/wafer contact. Fortunately, the extended defects, i.e. slip dislocations, are confined to the wafer backside, where they getter the contaminants.
Detailed deletion mapping in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus narrows a region containing a putative tumor suppressor gene to about 200 kilobases on distal chromosome 9q. (1996)

We previously reported definition of a region containing a putative tumor suppressor gene for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma within an approximately 4-cM genomic segment at 9q31-q32. We have investigated this region further using six new microsatellite markers isolated from yeast artificial chromosome clones covering the deleted region and have narrowly defined the commonly deleted region to a segment between two loci, KM9.1 and D9S177. On the basis of the contig map of cosmid and yeast artificial chromosome clones, we estimate the physical size of the region of interest to be about 200 kb. Because the distal 9q region also has been implicated as the site of a tumor suppressor gene(s) related to squamous cell carcinomas of other tissues, our map provides useful information for attempts to identify a common gene for carcinomas of this cell type.
Molybdenum Polysulfide Chalcogels as High-Capacity, Anion-Redox-Driven Electrode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2016)

Sulfur cathodes in conversion reaction batteries offer high gravimetric capacity but suffer from parasitic polysulfide shuttling. We demonstrate here that transition metal chalcogels of approximate formula MoS3.4 achieve a high gravimetric capacity close to 600 mAh g–1 (close to 1000 mAh g–1 on a sulfur basis) as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Transition metal chalcogels are amorphous and comprise polysulfide chains connected by inorganic linkers. The linkers appear to act as a “glue” in the electrode to prevent polysulfide shuttling. The Mo chalcogels function as electrodes in carbonate- and ether-based electrolytes, which further provides evidence of polysulfide solubility not being a limiting issue. We employ X-ray spectroscopy and operando pair distribution function techniques to elucidate the structural evolution of the electrode. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy track the chemical moieties that arise during the anion-redox-driven processes. We find the redox state of Mo remains unchanged across the electrochemical cycling and, correspondingly, the redox is anion-driven.
An aeration meter for lubricating oils (1965)

An account is given of the construction and calibration of an instrument designed to measure the volume aeration of lubricating oil. The instrument measures the fractional change of permittivity of the lubricating oil, which can be directly related to the percentage aeration. The equipment is portable, rugged and enables measurements to be made whilst the machinery, in which the oil is being used, is operating.
Synthesis of MCM-41 with Different Pore Diameters without Addition of Auxiliary Organics (1997)

Swollen and highly ordered MCM-41 type materials with varied pores sizes, but with similar wall thicknesses, have been directly synthesized in the absence of auxilliary organics by controlling the preparation conditions. The most important parameter in the synthesis in order to control the pore opening is the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA+) concentration in the synthesis gel. Our results suggest that the mechanism of swelling is related with the replacement of some CTMA+ species by others cations in the interface formed between the liquid crystal and the silica surfaces. This approach could open new insights into the mechanism of formation of MCM-41 type materials as well as having in addition an important impact on the preparation of large mesoporous materials.
Biochemical evidence of the physical association of the majority of CD3 δ chains with the accessory/co‐receptor molecules CD4 and CD8 on nonactivated T lymphocytes (1992)

The association of components of the CD3 complex with the accessory molecules CD4 and CD8 was studied by immunoprecipitation experiments followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Enhanced surface iodination was achieved by a water-soluble derivative of the Bolton-Hunter reagent. Using freshly isolated nonactivated splenic T cells, we find that antibodies to CD4 and to CD8 strongly co-precipitate a 28-30-kDa band identical in mobility to the delta chain of the CD3 complex. Components corresponding in mobility to the epsilon and gamma chains of the CD3 complex are also co-precipitated but to a much lesser extent. The identity of the co-precipitated 28-30-kDa material with the CD3 delta chain was ascertained by two-dimensional nonreducing/reducing SDS-PAGE, by two-dimensional non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis/SDS-PAGE and by one-dimensional peptide mapping with three different proteases. The co-precipitated 28-30-kDa material was identical to the CD3 delta chain by all these criteria. Quantitative analyses by densitometric gel tracing revealed that the amounts of CD3 delta co-precipitated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 add up to those in anti-V beta precipitates and to an average of 90% of those in anti-CD3 epsilon precipitates. We conclude that the majority of CD3 delta chains are associated with the accessory/co-receptor molecules CD4 or CD8 on resting T cells, and that this association is independent of antigen-specific recognition by the T cell receptor.
Anti-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4-specific antibodies modify the effects of vemurafenib on melanoma cells differentially in normoxia and hypoxia (2015)

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a highly immunogenic melanoma tumor antigen, is a potential target for antibody-based immunotherapy. The mechanism by which CSPG4 affects melanoma progression is only partly understood, in particular the involvement of other receptor tyrosine kinases and the tumor microenvironment. We have previously reported on a mimotope-based vaccine against CSPG4 in a human melanoma xenograft model that resulted in reduction of tumor growth. Herein we describe the influence of hypoxia on the response to polyclonal anti-CSPG4-antibodies induced by this vaccine in combination with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib to enhance therapeutic efficacy by simultaneously targeting multiple signaling pathways. Melanoma cells were treated with polyclonal anti-CSPG4-antibodies and vemurafenib. Proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated in a real-time setting in the impedance-based x-CELLigence® system. Western blotting and quantitative PCR arrays were used to determine protein and mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and signaling pathway proteins. A melanoma xenograft model was used to detect HIF1α and CAIX expression in vivo. Hypoxia enhanced the antiproliferative response to vemurafenib. The migration and invasion capacities of vemurafenib-treated melanoma cells were increased, in spite of vemurafenib-decreased expression of HIF1α and CAIX. Polyclonal anti-CSPG4-antibodies reduced the Transwell migration of vemurafenib-treated, BRAF V600E-mutant and CSPG4-expressing melanoma cells in hypoxia. This was associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated AKT, a kinase contributing to tumor cell migration. Our results highlight CSPG4 as a potential target for modulating treatment resistance to vemurafenib induced by the hypoxic microenvironment.
Improvement of Metabolic Function after Intra-Portal Allogeneic Islet Transplantation Using Induction Treatment of the Non-Hematopoetic Erythropoietin Analogue Cibinetide in a Mouse Model (2018)

Introduction Preventing early immune reactions immediately after PITx is increasing recognized for controlling progressive allograft rejection. Recently, we have demonstrated that cibinetide, a non-hematopoetic erytropoetin analogue, protected pancreatic islets and ameliorated the inflammatory response following PITx leading to better islet engraftment. In this study, we investigate the effect of cibinetide on adaptive immunity with focuses on its efficacy as induction treatment in allogenic PITx and dendritic cell development. Material and Methods Pancreatic islets isolated from BALB/c mice were transplanted into the recipient livers of streptozotocin induced diabetic B6 mice via the portal vein. In the first set of the study, recipient animals were received 330-450 islets andwere treated with (1)cibinetide (120 μg/kg) intraperitoneally preoperatively on the transplantation day (just before and at 0, 6 hrs after PITx), and once daily thereafter until day 14 days after. (2)Vehicle (PBS) was administered to the control group. In the second set of the study, mice, received 450 islets and treated with: (3)Low low dose tacrolimus (0.4 mg/kg) i.p daily from day4 until day14 or (4)combination treatment of cibinetide (120 μg/kg) perioperatively and once daily for 14 days and tacrolimus (0.4 mg/kg) from day4 to day14. Non-fasting blood glucose levels were monitored daily as indication of graft function. Livers were harvested at euthanasia and histological examination was performed. Mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DC) were differentiated with mouse GM-CSF and IL-4 with or without cibinetide (100 nM). LPS (100 ng/ml) was added at day6 of the culture for DC maturation. DC maturation was compared in-vitro. Result and Discussion Treatment with cibinetide significantly prolonged graft survival compared to PBS treated control group, however, most of the grafts gradually rejected during the treatment period. At five days after transplantation, transplanted islets could not be detected in the vehicle treated group, whereas several insulin positive regions with severe infiltration of CD11b+ cells in the liver was detected in cibinetide treated group. The tacrolimus treated mice had an MST of 28,5 days, while in the combination treatment group, 4/5 mice maintained euglycemic at day 50. Insulin positive area were found in the livers of combination treatment group, which maintained euglycemia more than 50 days. No lymphocyte infiltration was detected. Cibinetide treatment reduces DC maturation in-vitro, shown by lower expression of MHC ClassII antigens (approximately 10% lower mean fluorescent intensity, p<0.05) and lower production of IL-12 (920±25 vs 750±22 ng/ml, p<0.05). Conclusion Combination therapy using cibinetide and low dose tacrolimus could be useful option to prolong islet allograft survival. Cibinetide treatment may reduce DC activation, which can delay the onset of adaptive immune responses.
Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Poly(1,4-butylene adipate-co-polycaprolactam) Blends: Potential Biodegradable Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration (2011)

10.1166/jbt.2011.1004
Unlocking Fairness: a Trade-off Revisited (2019)

The prevailing wisdom is that a model's fairness and its accuracy are in tension with one another. However, there is a pernicious {\em modeling-evaluating dualism} bedeviling fair machine learning in which phenomena such as label bias are appropriately acknowledged as a source of unfairness when designing fair models, only to be tacitly abandoned when evaluating them. We investigate fairness and accuracy, but this time under a variety of controlled conditions in which we vary the amount and type of bias. We find, under reasonable assumptions, that the tension between fairness and accuracy is illusive, and vanishes as soon as we account for these phenomena during evaluation. Moreover, our results are consistent with an opposing conclusion: fairness and accuracy are sometimes in accord. This raises the question, {\em might there be a way to harness fairness to improve accuracy after all?} Since most notions of fairness are with respect to the model's predictions and not the ground truth labels, this provides an opportunity to see if we can improve accuracy by harnessing appropriate notions of fairness over large quantities of {\em unlabeled} data with techniques like posterior regularization and generalized expectation. Indeed, we find that semi-supervision not only improves fairness, but also accuracy and has advantages over existing in-processing methods that succumb to selection bias on the training set.
Fabrication of Single Crystalline Diamond Triode Electron Emitter (2005)

A novel and simple technique is proposed for the fabrication of gated single crystalline diamond Spindt-type emitter array with a small and precise gate aperture. An interesting silicon oxide deposition pattern `sphere on cone' enabled controlled gate opening by wet chemical etching. Using this technique a highly uniform Spindt-type emitter array with a specified gate aperture of 1.4 µm has been fabricated. Study on controlled field emission indicates the normal operation of the fabricated emitter.
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Recent Advances (2007)

The presence of ductal/acinar epithelial changes including nuclear enlargement, prominent nucleoli, chromatin alterations, and luminal complexity is an easy way to identify the disorder. Four main patterns of high-grade PIN (HGPIN) have been described: tufting, micropapillary, cribriform, and flat. In addition, variants of HGPIN have also been described. Both HGPIN and prostatic carcinoma share an increased incidence and severity with advancing age and with high rates of occurrence in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Furthermore, HGPIN and prostate cancer share genetic and molecular markers as well, with PIN representing an intermediate stage between benign epithelium and invasive carcinoma. The clinical significance of HGPIN is that it identifies patients at risk for prostatic carcinoma. With the increased use of extended biopsy protocols, clinicians are more likely to identify HGPIN and less likely to miss concurrent carcinoma.
Determination of formaldehyde/urea molar ratio in amino resins by near‐infrared spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract New processes for synthesis of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) and melamine‐fortified urea‐formaldehyde (mUF) resins have been developed in the last years, motivated by the current concerns about the effects of formaldehyde on human health. All these formulations are quite susceptible to possible operation error, which can significantly influence the characteristics of the final product. The main objective of this work was to implement chemometric techniques for off‐line monitoring of the product's formaldehyde/urea (F/U) molar ratio using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This allows the timely implementation of the necessary corrections in case the product is off‐specification. Calibration models for F/U molar ratio were developed taking into account the most relevant spectral regions for these resins, individually or in combination (7502–6098 cm −1 and 5000–4246 cm −1 ) and using different preprocessing methods. When the appropriate spectral range and preprocessing methods are selected, it is possible to obtain calibration models with high correlation values for these resins. The best preprocessing methods were identified for three cases: UF resin (produced by strongly‐acid process), mUF resin (alkaline‐acid process), and a combined model that involves both UF and mUF resins. It was concluded that significantly better accuracy is obtained when a new model is developed for each particular resin system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Advanced c‐myc antisense (AVI‐4126)‐eluting phosphorylcholine‐coated stent implantation is associated with complete vascular healing and reduced neointimal formation in the porcine coronary restenosis model (2004)

An advanced six-ring morpholino backbone c-myc antisense (AVI-4126) was shown to inhibit c-myc expression and intimal hyperplasia after local catheter delivery in a porcine balloon injury model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an AVI-4126-eluting phosphorylcholine-coated (PC) stent on c-myc expression restenosis and vascular healing after stent implantation in porcine coronary arteries. PC stents were loaded with AVI-4126 using soak trap. Nine pigs underwent AVI-4126 PC coronary stent implantation (two stents/animal). Two to six hours postprocedure, three pigs were sacrificed and stented segments were analyzed by Western blot for c-myc expression. In chronic experiments, six pigs (12 stent sites) were sacrificed at 28 days following intervention and vessels were perfusion-fixed. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plasma samples showed minimal presence of the antisense. Western blot analysis of the stented vessels demonstrated inhibition of c-myc expression at 2 and 6 hr after procedure. Quantitative histologic morphometry showed that the neointimal area was significantly reduced (by 40%) in the antisense-coated group compared with control (2.3 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.8 mm(2), respectively; P = 0.0077). Immunostaining and electron microscopy demonstrated complete endothelialization, without fibrin deposition, thrombosis, or necrosis in all implanted stents. In the porcine coronary model, an advanced c-myc-eluting PC stent blocked c-myc expression and significantly inhibited myointimal hyperplasia and allowed complete reendothelialization and healing response.
Prediction of composite hygral behavior made simple (1982)

A convenient procedure is described to determine the hygral behavior (moisture expansion coefficients and moisture stresses) of angleplied fiber composites using a pocket calculator. The procedure consists of equations and appropriate graphs for various (+ or - theta) ply combinations. These graphs present reduced stiffness and moisture expansion coefficients as functions of (+ or - theta) in order to simplify and expedite the use of the equations. The procedure is applicable to all types of balanced, symmetric fiber composites including interply and intraply hybrids. The versatility and generality of the procedure is illustrated using several step-by-step numerical examples.
Lamination parameters for efficient genetic optimization of the stacking sequences of composite panels (1998)

Stacking sequence optimization in composite panels is a combinatorial problem often handled by genetic algorithms (GA). However GAs often require large computational resources. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the use of lamination parameters in a two-stage approach to the optimization process. First, lamination parameters are used in continuous optimization to identify the neighbourhood of the optimum design. Next, a response surface approximation is obtained in that neighbourhood, and the GA is applied to this approximation. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated for buckling load maximization of a composite plate.
Retrieval of cloud properties from ground-based and airborne FTIR spectrometer measurements (2003)

Clouds alter the incoming solar and outgoing thermal radiation, and thus strongly influence the Earth's energy budget. To improve understanding of the role of clouds in climate, knowledge about the distribution in time and space of the cloud liquid water path, LWP=/spl int/w(z)dz, and the effective radius of the cloud droplets, r/sub eff/=/spl int//spl pi/r/sup 3/n(r)dr//spl int//spl pi/r/sup 2/n(r)dr, is required. These equations involve the liquid water content and cloud base and top altitudes. n(r) is the number density of droplets with radii between r and l+dr (the droplet size distribution). LWP and r/sub eff/ can be obtained from the inversion of spectral observations of the radiation emitted by clouds in the thermal infrared atmospheric window region (800-1200 cm/sup -1/). The use of Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometers for thermal emission measurements allows, through their higher spectral resolution, to analyze cloud spectra inbetween absorption lines and to improve the retrievals. The authors have developed a particular retrieval algorithm for LWP and r/sub eff/ from high spectral resolution measurements and in this paper the authors demonstrate its usefulness by applying it to airborne and ground-based cloud observations made with FTIR spectrometers.
Direct cryosorption pumping of an energetic hydrogen ion beam (1979)

Cryosorption pumps (CSP) are a prime candidate for the pumping of helium and deuterium-tritium (D-T) in tokamak divertor systems and may also see service in neutral beam injectors. However, the ability of a CSP to take high energy ions escaping from a plasma or neutral beam has not previously been demonstrated. In this study we arranged a 10-cm ion source of the type used in the Oak Ridge Tokamak (ORMAK) to inject a beam of ions directly into the inlet of a CSP. The pump contained two chevron baffles at 100K and 15K as well as a 15K cryosorption surface covered with a type 5A molecular sieve. The cryosurfaces were cooled by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator. For hydrogen ion pulses up to 11.5-keV energy and 1.3-A current, the pressure maintained during the pulse was only a few percent higher than that maintained with an equal flow of cold neutral gas. Pulse lengths of 100-300 ms were used. Calorimetric measurements showed that 40-60% of the I-V power was incident on the pump inlet. Cool-down and regeneration behavior of the pump will also be discussed.