gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Root Temperature on Absorption and Translocation of Atrazine in Soybeans (1970)

Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr., var. Chippewa 64) plants were grown in culture solutions containing 14 C ring-labeled 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine). Culture solution temperatures were varied but ambient temperature about the shoots was constant. The amount of atrazine absorbed increased with increases in herbicide concentration, absorption time, and root temperature. Root temperature had more influence on atrazine accumulation in stems and leaves than in roots. Transpiration rates of atrazine-treated plants were reduced at least 50%.
The arthroscopic “impingement test” during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (1993)

A primary goal of ACL reconstruction is to avoid graft impingement, which may lead to loss of motion and/or an increased incidence of instability. Although surgeons are cognizant of this potential problem, the intraoperative correction of graft impingement is technically demanding because the graft-notch relationship is obscured by the trochlea articulating with the tibial plateau during the final 10 degrees of extension. We present a simple impingement test that is performed before graft insertion and fixation to help avoid this potential pitfall.
Synthetic Antimicrobials. II. Synthesis of Pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridine Derivatives. (1) (1973)

2-Alkyl-3-acyloxypyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridines (III) were prepared by refluxing 1-amino-2-hydroxymethylpyrioinium chloride (Ia) in excess acyl anhydride in the presence of a base. III were converted into 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy derivatives (IVa-f) by acid hydrolysis. Ia was refluxed with ethyl orthoformate in acetic acid containing sodium acetate to give 3-hydroxy derivative (IVg). Reaction of Ia with benzoyl chloride in H2O-K2CO3 gave mainly O, N-dibenzoyl ylide (VIIa) and 2-phenyl-3-benzoyloxypyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridine (IXa). Pyrolysis of VIIa gave 2-phenyl-3-hydroxy derivative (VIIIa), which was also obtained from 1-ben-zimido-2-hydroxymethylpyridine (VIa) by treatment with H2SO4, followed by alkali treatment. Further the compound (VIIIa) was prepared by the reaction of 1-benzimido-2-picoline (XVIIa) with I2 in pyridine. Analogously various 2-substituted-3-hydroxy derivatives (VIIIb-1 and IVa) were obtained. 1-Anilinothiocarbonylimino-2-hydroxymethylpyridine (XIXa) was converted into cyclic pyridinium salt (XXa) by treating with H2SO4, and XXa was treated with K2CO3 to give 2, 2'-dianilinopyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridine-3, 3'-disulfide (XXIIa). XXIIa was converted into 2-anilino derivative (XXIIIa) by Raney Ni reduction. Analogously 2-benzamido derivative (XXIIIb) was obtained from 1-benzamidothiocarbonylimino-2-hydroxymethylpyridine (XIXa) by the same procedure. 2-Acetamido derivative (XXIX) was obtained by heating pyridine-2-acetamidoxime (XXVII) with acetic anhydride. The compounds (XXIIIa and XXIX) were also converted into the corresponding 3-thiocyano and 3-nitro derivatives (XXIV, XXV, XXXIb and XXXIc). The tuberculostatic activities of the pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridine derivatives were also indicated.
Optimum Noncoherent Multiuser Decision Feedback Detection (2004)

A theory of noncoherent decision feedback multiuser detection for nonorthogonal binary modulation is developed that parallels that of coherent decision feedback multiuser detection for single-pulse modulation. In particular, an optimum noncoherent decision feedback detector is obtained that maximizes symmetric energy over a newly defined class of decision feedback detectors. Unlike the usual per-user performance metrics such as asymptotic efficiency or near-far resistance, the symmetric energy measure captures, with a single number, the asymptotic (high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) bit-error performance of all users at once. Several properties of the optimum decision feedback detector are established, one of which is that it outperforms the decision feedback generalized-likelihood ratio (GLR) detector in symmetric energy. It is also shown that, regardless of the order in which users are detected, the optimum noncoherent decision feedback detector outperforms its non-decision feedback counterpart in symmetric energy. Furthermore, two simple rules are obtained for determining the order in which users must be detected to guarantee that the optimum decision feedback detector outperforms its non-decision feedback counterpart (which in turn, is superior to the decorrelative GLR detector presented earlier) in terms of asymptotic effective energy for every user. In fact, one of the two (greedy) ordering rules also maximizes symmetric energy among all possible orderings. Such ordering rules are not available for the noncoherent decision feedback GLR detector in earlier work of the authors. Feasible sets of received energies are characterized in which it is possible, with power control, to achieve quality-of-service objectives for each user. None of the results in this paper make simplifying assumptions about the effects of error propagation. The term "noncoherent" in this work is used to denote that the receiver has no knowledge of the carrier phases and received signal energies of any of the users.
Compositional Heterogeneity and Molecular Weight Distribution of Copolymer Systems. 3. : Heterogeneity of Radial Teleblock Copolymers (Commemoration Issue Dedicated to Professor Keinosuke Kobayashi on the Occasion of His Retirement) (1977)

A theory of random-coupling of block copolymerization was extended to describe the compositional heterogeneity and molecular weight distribution of mixed radial teleblock copolymers, which are mixture of star-shape block copolymers of (SB)1X(f=1, 2, ...: number of arms) type.Expressions of gel permeation chromatograms were also derived, incorporating the concepts of the Strasbourg universal calibration and Tung's dispersion correction due to the limited resolution of gel permeation chromatographic columns in addition to the random-coupling theory.The results were compared with experimental chromatograms, and found to be in reasonably good agreement.Then presumably other distributions such as of compositional heterogeneity and molecular weight deduced from the theory are also correct, although there are no adequate techniques of testing such distributions.
The β-Subunit of Human Choriogonadotropin Interacts with the Exodomain of the Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor and Changes Its Interaction with the α-Subunit (1999)

Human CG (hCG) consists of a common alpha-subunit and a hormone-specific beta-subunit. Similarly, its receptor is also composed of two domains, an extracellular N-terminal half (exodomain) and a membrane-associated C-terminal half (endodomain). hCG initially binds the exodomain of the receptor after which the resulting hCG/exodomain complex is thought to interact with the endodomain. This secondary interaction is considered responsible for signal generation. Despite the importance, it is unclear which hormone subunit interacts with the exodomain or the endodomain. As a step to determine the mechanisms of the initial and secondary interactions and signal generation, we investigated the interaction of the hormone-specific beta-subunit in hCG with the receptor's exodomain. A photoactivable hCG derivative consisting of the wild-type alpha-subunit and a photoactivable beta-subunit derivative was prepared and used to label the exodomain. The analysis and immunoprecipitation of photoaffinity labeled exodomain demonstrate that the beta-subunit in hCG makes the direct contact with the exodomain.
Expansion of viral variants associated with immune escape and impaired virion secretion in patients with HBV reactivation after resolved infection (2018)

HBV reactivation could be induced under immunosuppressive conditions in patients with resolved infection. This study aimed to clarify the viral factors associated with the pathogenesis of HBV reactivation in association with the immunosuppressive status. Whole HBV genome sequences were determined from the sera of 24 patients with HBV reactivation, including 8 cases under strong immunosuppression mediated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and 16 cases without HSCT. Ultra-deep sequencing revealed that the prevalence of genotype B and the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes in the surface (S) gene were significantly higher in non-HSCT cases than in patients with HSCT. Those non-synonymous variants included immune escape (6/16 cases) and MHC class II-restricted T-cell epitope variants (6/16 cases). Furthermore, reactivated HBV in 11 of 16 (69%) non-HSCT cases possessed substitutions associated with impaired virion secretion, including E2G, L77R, L98V, T118K, and Q129H in the S region, and M1I/V in the PreS2 region. In conclusion, virologic features of reactivated HBV clones differed depending on the intensity of the immunosuppressive condition. HBV reactivation triggered by immunosuppressive conditions, especially those without HSCT, was characterized by the expansion of variants associated with immune escape, MHC class II-restricted T-cell epitope alterations, and/or impaired virion secretion.
Electrochemical and spectrophotometric investigations of neptunium in alkaline media (2001)

The results of electrochemical and spectrophotometric studies of neptunium in concentrated alkali ([OH - ] tot =0.9 to 6.5 M) and mixed hydroxo-carbonate solutions are reported. Using cyclic voltammetry, we have demonstrated reversibility of the Np(VI)/(V) couple and quasi-reversibility of the Np(VII)/(VI) couple in basic solutions ([OH - ] tot above 1.0 M), implying nearly constant coordination geometries for the predominant Np(V), Np(VI) and Np(VII) species in such media. For the first time, formation of Np(IV) hydroxide in alkaline solutions has been demonstrated using voltammetric methods. The formal redox potential of the Np(VI)/(V) couple in 1 M NaOH was determined to be 0.106±0.001 V/N.H.E. This value is different in NaOH and LiOH media, which we have interpreted to indicate a specific interaction between the lithium cation and a Np anionic species. At [CO 3 2- ] tot greater than 0.1 M in 1.8 M NaOH, the Np(VI)/(V) couple was found to be quasi-reversible while the Np(VII)/(VI) couple was irreversible. Formal redox potentials for Np in several alkaline solutions have been evaluated. These results are discussed in comparison with previously reported information.
Wewakazole, a Novel Cyclic Dodecapeptide from a Papua New Guinea Lyngbya majuscula. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advances in Large-Area Photomosaicking Underwater (2004)

The propagation of visible light underwater suffers rapid attenuation and extreme scattering. This, in combination with the limited camera-to-light separation available on most imaging platforms, places severe limitations on our ability to optically image large areas of the sea floor at high resolution. We present a general framework for mosaicking large areas underwater with a specific emphasis on the issues that are unique to the underwater environment. At the individual image level, we examine the role of attenuation, scattering, and camera to light separation and present the tradeoffs involved in optimizing a particular imaging geometry. We also examine the arbitrary image-registration problem in the face of conditions prevalent underwater, namely a moving nonuniform lighting source and the effects of a featureless unstructured terrain. Our analysis is based on photomosaics encompassing several hundred images on archaeological, forensic, and geological expeditions from a diverse set of imaging platforms, including the NR-1 nuclear submarine, the manned submersible Alvin, the Argo towed vehicle, the Jason remotely operated vehicle, and the ABE autonomous underwater vehicle.
Characterizing the fitness cost of viral escape from the HIV-1 broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody VRC01 (2012)

Background The receptor-binding site on the HIV glycoprotein gp120 is a highly conserved epitope, and certain antibodies directed against this CD4 binding site (CD4bs) can potently neutralize the majority of circulating HIV-1 isolates. One such antibody, VRC01, was isolated from a slow progressor HIV-1 infected donor who maintained low to moderate viral load without treatment. We recently described that almost all viruses in this donor plasma had escaped VRC01 neutralization. This raised the question of whether viral escape from a broadly reactive CD4bs antibody results in reduced affinity for CD4 and thus, a fitness cost to viral replication.
Does the journal impact factor predict individual article citation rate in otolaryngology journals? (2022)

ObjectiveCitation skew is a phenomenon that refers to the unequal citation distribution of articles in a journal. The objective of this study was to establish whether citation skew exists in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) journals and to elucidate whether journal impact factor (JIF) was an accurate indicator of citation rate of individual articles.MethodsJournals in the field of OHNS were identified using Journal Citation Reports. After extraction of the number of citations in 2020 for all primary research articles and review articles published in 2018 and 2019, a detailed citation analysis was performed to determine citation distribution. The main outcome of this study was to establish whether citation skew exists within OHNS literature and whether JIF was an accurate prediction of individual article citation rate.ResultsThirty-one OHNS journals were identified. Citation skew was prevalent across OHNS literature with 65% of publications achieving citation rates below the JIF. Furthermore, 48% of publications gathered either zero or one citation. The mean and median citations for review articles, 3.66 and 2, respectively, were higher than the mean and median number of citations for primary research articles, 1 and 2.35, respectively (<i>P</i> < .001). A statistically significant correlation was found between citation rate and JIF (<i>r</i> = 0.394, <i>P</i> = 0.028).ConclusionsThe current results demonstrate a citation skew among OHNS journals, which is in keeping with findings from other surgical subspecialties. The majority of publications did not achieve citation rates equal to the JIF. Thus, the JIF should not be used to measure the quality of individual articles. Otolaryngologists should assess the quality of research through the use of other metrics, such as the evaluation of sound scientific methodology, and the relevance of the articles.
<title>Techniques for fisheye lens calibration using a minimal number of measurements</title> (2000)

A method is discussed describing how different types of Omni-Directional fisheye lenses can be calibrated for use in robotic vision. The technique discussed will allow for full calibration and correction of x,y pixel coordinates while only taking two uncalibrated and one calibrated measurement. These are done by finding the observed x,y coordinates of a calibration target. Any Fisheye lense that has a roughly spherical shape can have its distortion corrected with this technique. Two measurements are taken to discover the edges and centroid of the lens. These can be done automatically by the computer and does not require any knowledge about the lens or the location of the calibration target. A third measurement is then taken to discover the degree of spherical distortion. This is done by comparing the expected measurement to the measurement obtained and then plotting a curve that describes the degree of distortion. Once the degree of distortion is known and a simple curve has been fitted to the distortion shape, the equation of that distortion and the simple dimensions of the lens are plugged into an equation that remains the same for all types of lenses. The technique has the advantage of needing only one calibrated measurement to discover the type of lens being used.
Running shoe cushioning properties can influence oxygen consumption (2013)

"Running shoe cushioning properties can influence oxygen consumption." Footwear Science, 5(sup1), pp. S75–S76
Joint channel estimation and multiuser detection for multipath fading channels in DS-CDMA (2004)

The problem of joint blind channel estimation and multiple access interference (MAI) suppression for an asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is studied. A low-complexity sliding-window scheme based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is developed for joint blind maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) multi-user detection (MUD) and stochastic maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimation in a dispersive fading channel. With multi-stage soft interference cancellation, MAI can be efficiently suppressed. Together with an initial value prediction method for algorithm initialization at each window, the proposed scheme can track fading channels on the fly with no phase ambiguities even when channel gains are close to zero.
A direct-skew-detect synchronous mirror delay for application-specific integrated circuits (1999)

A nonfeedback CMOS digital-clock-generator, direct-skew-detect synchronous-mirror-delay (direct SMD) circuit has been developed that achieves clock-skew suppression in only two clock cycles for application-specific integrated circuits having unfixed and various clock paths. The direct SMD circuit detects both clock skew and clock cycle by using a direct-skew detector and clock-suspension circuitry. The skew-detection scheme removes the phase errors caused by delay in the clock-driver circuit. Measurements demonstrated that the direct SMD circuit eliminates various amounts of clock skew (2.0-3.0 ns) at 200 MHz in two clock cycles.
Low Voltage and Wide-Viewing-Angle Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays by Optical Compensation (2000)

Low voltage and wide-viewing-angle single-domain and two-domain twisted nematic liquid crystal displays (TN-LCDs) can be achieved by using a single-layer twist discotic film with negative birefringence as a compensation film. The compensated TNs have also higher contrast ratio and less color-shifts over the uncompensated ones. The compensated two-domain TN has the added advantage of no extra light leakage at the locations of the disclination lines between two domains in the dark state of the display so that no black matrix is needed at these locations. Further increases in viewing angles are also possible by combining the compensation scheme with wide-viewing-angle polarizers. The compensation scheme can also be applied to reflective TNs for either direct-view or projection displays.
Development of pancreatic islets in pancreatic polypeptide-overexpressing mice (2004)

Recently we produced pancreatic polypeptide transgenic (PPTG) mice and found that PP was overexpressed in pancreatic islets. The present study examines development of four islet hormones in PPTG mice at embryonic days (ED) 15, 17, and 19, and in adult animals. Adult PPTG mice showed massive aggregation of PP-positive cells and glucagon-positive cells seen at the central area of the islets. Confocal laser microscopic study showed that three islet hormones (insulin, glucagon and PP) were completely overlapped in islets of PPTG mice. Overlapping of somatostatin/glucagon and somatostatin/PP were also increased at the peripheral area of the islets in adult PPTG mice compared to wild-type mice. In prenatal development of pancreatic islets of PPTG mice, somatostatin/glucagon overlapping cells appeared at ED 15, two days earlier than in wild-type mice. Differentiation of these somatostatin/glucagon double-positive cells into single-positive cells was disturbed in the PPTG mice during perinatal to postnatal periods. Differentiation of glucagon/insulin-double positive cells into single-positive cells was disturbed remarkably in postnatal development of the islets of PPTG mice. The present results suggest that early and overexpression of PP may engender the early appearance of somatostatin producing cells; however, that may disturb differentiation of multihormonal immature endocrine cells into single hormonal mature endocrine cells.
Novel resistance to the BymovirusBaMMVestablished by targeted mutagenesis of thePDIL5‐1susceptibility gene in barley (2022)

The Potyviridae are the largest family of plant-pathogenic viruses. Members of this family are the soil-borne bymoviruses barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), which, upon infection of young winter barley seedlings in autumn, can cause yield losses as high as 50%. Resistance breeding plays a major role in coping with these pathogens. However, some viral strains have overcome the most widely used resistance. Thus, there is a need for novel sources of resistance. In ancient landraces and wild relatives of cultivated barley, alleles of the susceptibility factor PROTEIN DISULFIDE ISOMERASE LIKE 5-1 (PDIL5-1) were identified to confer resistance to all known strains of BaYMV and BaMMV. Although the gene is highly conserved throughout all eukaryotes, barley is thus far the only species for which PDIL5-1-based virus resistance has been reported. Whereas introgression by crossing to the European winter barley breeding pool is tedious, time-consuming and additionally associated with unwanted linkage drag, the present study exemplifies an approach to targeted mutagenesis of two barley cultivars employing CRISPR-associated endonuclease technology to induce site-directed mutations similar to those described for PDIL5-1 alleles that render certain landraces resistant. Homozygous primary mutants were produced in winter barley, and transgene-free homozygous M<sub>2</sub> mutants were produced in spring barley. A variety of mutants carrying novel PDIL5-1 alleles were mechanically inoculated with BaMMV, by which all frameshift mutations and certain in-frame mutations were demonstrated to confer resistance to this virus. Under greenhouse conditions, virus-resistant mutants showed no adverse effects in terms of growth and yield.
Bipolar Disorder (2010)

Medical and research findings, along with health economic data, support a more modern view of bipolar disorder as a chronic, progressive, multisystem disorder. This new comprehensive framework should guide the search to identify biomarkers and etiologic factors and should help design a new policy for health care, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and training.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Combining PARP-1 Inhibition and Radiation in Ewing Sarcoma Results in Lethal DNA Damage (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 43KB, Quantification of cleaved caspase 3 Western blot seen in Fig. 4A&lt;/p&gt;