gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2Reforming of CH4over Ru-Substituted Pyrochlore Catalysts: Effects of Temperature and Reactant Feed Ratio (2012)

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) was performed on a 1% Ru-substituted lanthanum strontium zirconate pyrochlore, La1.97Sr0.03Ru0.05Zr1.95O7 (LSRuZ), and results were compared to a commercially available 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 catalyst at different bed temperatures and reactant feed ratios. X-ray diffraction of the fresh LSRuZ confirmed the formation of the La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore face-centered crystal lattice using a modified Pechini synthesis procedure. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the fresh calcined pyrochlore showed the presence of RuO2, which was also present along with both RuO3 and RuO4 in the 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) showed that Ru was reducible in both catalysts, but the primary TPR peak for Ru reduction was 140 °C higher for the LSRuZ pyrochlore than that for 0.5% Ru/Al2O3, consistent with the incorporation of Ru within the pyrochlore. The effect of the CH4/CO2 feed ratio on the activity was studied by varying the feed ratio as 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 at a constant temperature of 785 °C. At 635 °C, 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 showed higher apparent CO2 conversion (XCO2) and a lower H2/CO ratio in the product gas than the LSRuZ pyrochlore, suggesting that the extent of the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction was greater on 0.5% Ru/Al2O3. At 835 °C, equilibrium conversions of CH4 and CO2 were reached on both catalysts and remained constant with time over 7 h. There were no significant differences in XCO2 and XCH4 between the two catalysts with time on stream at 735 and 835 °C. The effects of the CH4/CO2 inlet feed ratio on products was also studied at a constant space velocity for both catalysts. Results showed that, for CH4/CO2 = 1:2, XCO2 for 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 was 70% and a H2/CO ratio of about 0.60 compared to 62% and 0.63 for the pyrochlore. The higher XCO2 and lower H2/CO ratio for 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 suggest that the RWGS reaction on this catalyst is kinetically faster than on LSRuZ. For CH4/CO2 = 2:1, XCH4 of 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 was 62% and that for pyrochlore was 58%. This small but statistically significant difference indicates slightly higher CH4 decomposition over 0.5% Ru/Al2O3 than pyrochlore at this feed ratio. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of the post-run catalysts showed that the LSRuZ catalyst formed less oxidizable carbon per gram of reducible Ru (gcarbon/gRu) compared to 0.5% Ru/Al2O3, likely because of the greater oxygen ion mobility in the pyrochlore.
Insufficient weight management in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2022)

Our findings suggest the importance of appropriate weight management and the need for GWG guidelines for pregnant women with GDM.
Numerical analysis of pulse pedestal and dynamic chirp formation on picosecond modelocked laser pulses after propagation through a semiconductor optical amplifier (2005)

A numerical analysis, based on a modified Schrodinger equation, of the formation of pulse pedestals and dynamic chirp formation on picosecond pulses after propagation through a semiconductor optical amplifier is presented. The numerical predictions are confirmed by an experiment that utilises the frequency resolved optical gating technique for the amplified pulse characterisation.
Determination of volatile, phenolic, organic acid and sugar components in a Turkish cv. Dortyol (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) orange juice (2011)

Terpenes and terpenols were found as the main types of volatile components in Dortyol yerli orange juice. In terms of aroma contribution to orange juice, 12 compounds were prominent based on the odour activity values (OAVs). The highest OAV values were recorded for ethyl butanoate, nootkatone, linalool and DL-limonene. When we compare the obtained results of cv. Dortyol orange juice with the other orange juice varieties, the composition of Dortyol orange juice was similar to Valencia and Navel orange juices.
University Extra-Mural Studies and Extension Outreach: Incompatibilities (2014)

The argument of this paper 1 is that – within a wide range of university responses to the challenge of outreach – there grew up in the extra-mural or adult education departments of many UK universities an alternative epistemological paradigm to the older and more traditional extension programmes. This paradigm threatened the extension approach and has now been suppressed, to the detriment of the universities, adult education and many local communities.
Optimal Duration of Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Trials (2005)

We conclude that the current FDA (draft) guidelines calling for a study length of 2 weeks for the assessment of drug efficacy for SAR and 4 weeks for the study of drug efficacy in PAR are appropriate and that longer study periods are not likely to add meaningfully to the assessment of drug efficacy.
Atomistic Simulations of G-Type Phonons in Silicon Devices (2004)

Heat conduction in highly compact silicon transistors is impeded due to localization of the electronically generated heat in the device drain. This work studies phonon transport from such heat sources using parallel molecular dynamics. Device Monte Carlo calculations provide an estimate of the size and energy density of the phonon source which is embedded in a one-dimensional crystal. We calculate the scattering times and decay channels for the excited phonons in the absence of thermal phonons. The hotspot is evolved in time and resulting atomic displacements are Fourier analyzed for various phonon modes. Simulations show that decay channels differ depending on the initial energy density of the hotspot. This approach provides a novel method of extracting anharmonic phonon scattering rates for non-equilibrium conditions in a transistor, where first order perturbation theory based calculations may be inaccurate.
Membrane domain modulation of Aβ1–42oligomer interactions with supported lipid bilayers: an atomic force microscopy investigation (2019)

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating pathology affecting an increasing number of individuals following the general rise in life expectancy. Amyloid peptide Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> has been identified as one of the main culprits of the disease. The peptide has been shown to have major effects on lipid membranes, including membrane fragmentation. The membrane composition has been identified as a factor that plays a pivotal role in regulating peptide/membrane interactions and several results suggest that lipid domains, or rafts, can promote peptide-induced membrane damage. In this work, we examined the effects of lipid segregation on the membrane-perturbing ability of Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> and an oligomeric mutant (G37C), a peptide that shares common features with the suspected toxic intermediates involved in the neurodegeneration process. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the impact of these peptides on the supported lipid bilayers of various compositions. In 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol (DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol) and DOPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol ternary mixtures, two systems exhibiting liquid-liquid phase separations, it was shown that Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> and G37C exclusively aggregated on liquid-disordered-phase domains, creating large deposits and even causing membrane fragmentation for the latter composition. Cholesterol and ganglioside GM1, the two most documented lipids in the context of Alzheimer's disease, are also considered to play a crucial role in promoting detrimental interactions with amyloid peptides. We show that, in model 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes, the presence of either cholesterol or GM1 in a proportion of 10 mol%, a content supposed to lead to domain formation, favoured the association of both Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> and G37C, leading to a harmful membrane fragmentation. The AFM results established that the presence of domains favoured membrane perturbations induced by the amyloid peptides. It is proposed that lipid packing defects at the domain interface could act as adsorption and nucleation sites for the amyloid peptides. The more extensive bilayer perturbations induced by G37C compared to Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> supported this hypothesis, indicating that oligomers that cannot mature to the fibril state can present considerable toxicity.
Synthesis of Microcapsule byStaphylococcus aureusIs Not Responsive to Environmental Phosphate Concentrations (1998)

The polysaccharide microcapsule of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to be differentially expressed depending on growth conditions, with phosphate concentration being the critical environmental component. This study evaluated the effect of growth of a serotype 8 strain of S. aureus in phosphate-replete and phosphate-limiting media on microcapsule production. The presence of the cell wall polymers microcapsule and teichoic acid was measured by both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Production of microcapsule was unaffected by changes in the environmental phosphate concentration. There was, additionally, no evidence for a shift from teichoic acid to teichuronic acid synthesis.
FFT implementation using QCA (2012)

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology paradigm that is currently being investigated as a possible CMOS substitute. It offers higher speed and lower area and power consumption than CMOS transistors. However, due to its intrinsic pipelined nature, QCA circuits suffer from serious throughput reductions due to feedback signals. As a consequence to fully exploit the true potential of this technology, circuits architecture must be designed with the aim to reduce or eliminate the presence of feedbacks. This work proposes as a relevant design case, the QCA implementation of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Algorithm. A novel architecture for partial parallel FFT processor is presented which not only reduces the circuit complexity but also eliminates the need of feedback signals, allowing to maximize the throughput. The proposed architecture is described using an accurate, layout aware VHDL model which is exploited in a hierarchical bottom up approach to evaluate the logical behavior, area and power dissipation of whole design. This innovative approach widely expands the field of application for QCA circuits.
Polymer-stabilized diffraction gratings from cholesteric liquid crystals (1998)

We report the use of a low concentration polymer network to stabilize electric field-induced diffraction gratings in cholesteric liquid crystals. The stabilized gratings can be electrically switched between a zero-field “on” state, which exhibits approximately 75% diffraction efficiency, and a moderate field (typically 3 V/μm) “off” state. Grating spacings between 1.7 and 30 μm are obtained in a 10 μm thick cell by variation of the concentration of chiral dopant used to form the cholesteric liquid crystal.
Excess of non-parental bands in offspring from known primate pedigrees assayed using RAPD PCR (1992)

Journal Article Excess of non-parental bands in offspring from known primate pedigrees assayed using RAPD PCR Get access Michael F. Riedy, Michael F. Riedy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Hamilton, III, William J. Hamilton, III 1Division of Environmental Studies, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA95616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles F. Aquadro Charles F. Aquadro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 4, 25 February 1992, Page 918, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.4.918 Published: 25 February 1992 Article history Accepted: 25 November 1991 Published: 25 February 1992
Energy saving controlling chaos (2012)

An energy saving control of unstable periodic orbits embedded in a hybrid chaotic system is proposed. The conventional controlling chaos methods utilize small perturbations of states or parameters as control input, however, quick time responses cannot be expected since the corresponding basins of attractions for higher periodic solutions become tiny. While If one allows a large perturbation to improve the time response, rather the total controlling energy which is proposed to the distance between the target orbit and the current orbit may increases. In this paper, when we consider the chaotic hybrid system, we noticed that we could utilize the perturbation of the referenced value for controlling, i.e., only a threshold value (Poincaré mapping surface) is updated in control. No control input as a perturbation of the state or parameter value is applied to the system. In fact, the threshold value is used instantly when the feedback system determines the next updated threshold value. The variation of the threshold value can be obtained numerically by computing variational equations, and the control matrix is designed with the linear control theory. Since no affection to the state and parameters, it is emphasized that the total behavior of the controlled system is different from the conventional methods, especially it is unlike the impulsive control methods. We demonstrate this control method in a simple hybrid system and show that a large basin of attraction for the control is realized.
Single-Player and Two-Player Buttons & Scissors Games (2016)

We study the computational complexity of the Buttons \&amp; Scissors game and obtain sharp thresholds with respect to several parameters. Specifically we show that the game is NP-complete for $C = 2$ colors but polytime solvable for $C = 1$. Similarly the game is NP-complete if every color is used by at most $F = 4$ buttons but polytime solvable for $F \leq 3$. We also consider restrictions on the board size, cut directions, and cut sizes. Finally, we introduce several natural two-player versions of the game and show that they are PSPACE-complete.
The dynamics of the cellular immune response to HIV infection: implications for vaccination (2000)

Recent advances in measuring T-cell responses to viruses have led to new insights into how these T cells respond. In the acute infection there are massive CD8+ T-cell responses to both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many of these T cells are effector cells and only a minority appear to be capable of maintaining immunological memory. In persistent virus infections, high levels of antigen-specific effector cells persist. If virus does not persist, the effectors fade in number but memory is maintained and is primed to react rapidly to a new challenge. A vaccine that stimulates only T-cell responses may protect when these memory cells respond rapidly enough to generate high numbers of effectors before the infecting virus becomes established.
Structural Requirement of Isoflavonones for the Inhibitory Activity of Interleukin‐5. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Self-Rolling Refillable Tubular Enzyme Containers Made of Recombinant Spider Silk and Chitosan (2019)

Encapsulation of enzymes is often necessary to stabilize them against environmental conditions or to protect them from other harmful enzymes such as proteases. Here, a refillable spatial confinement system was produced using a fully degradable self-rolling biopolymer bilayer. The enzyme containers comprise spider silk and chitosan and enable one-pot reactions in the micro- to milliliter regime by trapping the enzyme inside the semipermeable tube and allow the substrate and/or product either to diffuse freely or to be entrapped. The tubes are stable toward several organic and aqueous solvents. A one-tube system with esterase-2 was used to establish the system. Further, a two-tube system was applied to mimic enzymatic cascades, where the enzymes have to be separated, because they, for example, inhibit each other. The entrapment mode was also tested in the two-tube system, which is beneficial for toxic products or for obtaining high concentrations of the desired product.
Hardware and software architecture for non-contact, non-intrusive load monitoring (2016)

Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
Partial purification of transcriptionally active nucleosomes from trout testis cells (1978)

Mononucleosomes (MN1) enriched in structural non-histone proteins and transcribed DNA sequences were obtained by limited digestion of trout testis nuclei with micrococcal nuclease followed by selective solubilization in 0.1 M NaCl. These monosomes consist of the four inner histones plus stoichiometric amounts of the non-histone protein H6, of the HMG group, complexed with 140 base pairs of DNA. Hybridization experiments indicate that MN1 DNA is enriched in sequences complementary to cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECTED CHARGE TRANSFER. REDUCTIVE QUENCHING IN A CHROMOPHORE‐QUENCHER COMPLEX (1985)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung von Komplexen, in denen dem anfänglichen angeregten MLCT‐Zustand eine intramolekulare reduktive Löschung folgt, wurde der Titelkomplex (III) mit dem Donatorliganden (II) (Darstellung beschrieben) dargestellt.
Effects of polymer end groups on chemical amplification (1992)

Polymer end groups could affect the sensitivity of chemical amplification resist systems based on acid catalysis in a fashion completely different from the conventional resist systems. Their acidolysis susceptibility could depend on the initiator employed in polymerization, which is illustrated by two examples in this paper. When (alpha) ,(alpha) -azobis(isobutyronitrile) is used as the radical polymerization initiator, PBOCST with a lower molecular weight provides a less sensitive tBOC resist than a higher molecular weight polymer, which is due to the poisoning effect of the CN group attached to the polymer end. Low molecular weight PBOCST's were prepared also with benzoyl peroxide and via living anionic polymerization to confirm the end group effect on the tBOC acidolysis. In contrast, there are cases where certain end groups could provide reaction sites to photochemically generated acids. One such example is poly(hydroxy-(alpha) -methylstyrene) (PHOMS). The (rho) -PHOMS prepared by heating the tBOC-protected polymer (made by cationic polymerization) undergoes extremely efficient acid-catalyzed depolymerization. In contrast, the (rho) -PHOMS made by desilylation of anionically obtained silyl-protected polymer is very inert to such acidolysis. The high sensitivity of the cationic (rho) -PHOMS is due to the presence of end groups that are introduced during accidental and/or intentional termination and that are very reactive toward acids.
Wide-angle, nonmechanical beam steering with high throughput utilizing polarization gratings (2011)

We introduce and demonstrate a ternary nonmechanical beam steering device based on polarization gratings (PGs). Our beam steering device employs multiple stages consisting of combinations of PGs and wave plates, which allows for a unique three-way (ternary) steering design. Ultrahigh efficiency (∼100%) and polarization sensitive diffraction of individual PGs allow wide steering angles (among three diffracted orders) with extremely high throughput. We report our successful demonstration of the three-stage beam steerer having a 44° field of regard with 1.7° resolution at 1550 nm wavelength. A substantially high throughput of 78%-83% is observed that is mainly limited by electrode absorption and Fresnel losses.
Structure and properties of SiC and emery powder reinforced PM 316l matrix composites produced by microwave and conventional sintering (2014)

In this work, PM 316L based composite materials reinforced with SiC and emery powders in amounts of 5, 10 and 15 vol.-% were produced. The mixed powders were compacted by uniaxial pressing at 700 MPa and processed at 1160 and 1250°C for 1 h by means of conventional sintering and microwave sintering. The sintering atmospheres were Ar/H2 95/5% for conventional sintering and Ar/H2 90/10% for microwave sintering. Mechanical properties were evaluated with transverse rupture strength (TRS) tests. Densities and porosities were determined using Archimedes method. Sintered samples were characterised by optical microscopy and SEM. All of the composite materials had lower TRS values compared with 316L base material. Among all compositions, 5 vol.-% emery powder reinforced 316L alloy composite samples exhibited the most favourable mechanical and physical properties. The 10 vol.-%SiC containing composite samples also had acceptable properties. Moreover, microwave sintering yields better mechanical and physical properties.
[Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors (MBR) in association with neurological disorders]. (1998)

Ro 5-4864, a specific agonist of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), elicited convulsions 2.6 times more potently in EL mice (an animal model of epilepsy) than in DDY mice (control animal). A binding assay revealed a 50% higher density of [3H] Ro 5-4864 binding sites in the mitochondrial fraction (i.e., mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors; MBR) of the brain tissues in EL mice as compared with DDY mice. On an elevated plus-maze, EL mice showed fear responses similar to those increased in DDY mice after PBR stimulation, suggesting a hyperfunction of MBR underlying the abnormal behaviors of EL mice. In fluorometric studies using NG108-15 cells, Ro 5-4864 depolarized mitochondrial membranes and, possibly as a consequence of this, raised intracellular Ca2+. Finally, we propose that MBR could be a major target of therapy for various neurological disorders, so drugs such as "mitochondrial membrane stabilizers" should be developed.
Noninvasive Rejection Monitoring of Cardiac Transplants Using High Resolution Intramyocardial Electrograms: Initial US Multicenter Experience (1998)

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the mainstay for the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection in cardiac transplant patients. A noninvasive alternative that would supplant or reduce the number of EMBs would be a highly desirable and cost-effective tool. To evaluate one potential alternative, a pacemaker with high resolution telemetry capabilities and two fractally coated epimyocardial leads were implanted in 30 patients at five transplant centers during the heart transplant procedure. Ventricular electrograms were recorded during intrinsic and paced activity and digitized to a laptop-based data acquisition device. Electrograms were recorded at frequent intervals and systematically on days when EMBs were performed. The electrogram data were then transferred via the Internet to a central data processing site. Clinical patient management was blinded to the electrogram results and varied considerably among the five centers. Using EMB together with clinical assessment of the transplant revealed 18 cases of clinically significant rejection beyond postoperative day 27 that required antirejection therapy. The normalized parameter values extracted from the electrogram recordings during pacing (the ventricular evoked response) that were associated with significant rejection were statistically lower (86% +/- 16% versus 96% +/- 22%, P < 0.005). The application of a single-threshold diagnosis model to the parameter values allowed detection of significant rejection with a negative predictive value of 98%. This analysis also showed that as many as 55% of the routine surveillance EMBs could have been eliminated had the pacemaker monitoring technique been used as a screening tool prior to EMB. A prospective study should further define the role of this technique in the detection and management of cardiac transplant patients.