gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A platform utilizing Drosophila ovulation for nonhormonal contraceptive screening (2021)

A significant unmet need for new contraceptive options for both women and men remains due to side-effect profiles, medical concerns, and the inconvenience of many currently available contraceptive products. Unfortunately, the development of novel nonsteroidal female contraceptive medicine has been stalled in the last couple of decades due to the lack of effective screening platforms. <i>Drosophila</i> utilizes conserved signaling pathways for follicle rupture, a final step in ovulation that is essential for female reproduction. Therefore, we explored the potential to use <i>Drosophila</i> as a model to screen compounds that could inhibit follicle rupture and be nonsteroidal contraceptive candidates. Using our ex vivo follicle rupture assay, we screened 1,172 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and identified six drugs that could inhibit <i>Drosophila</i> follicle rupture in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we characterized the molecular actions of these drugs in the inhibition of adrenergic signaling and follicle rupture. Furthermore, we validated that three of the four drugs consistently inhibited mouse follicle rupture in vitro and that two of them did not affect progesterone production. Finally, we showed that chlorpromazine, one of the candidate drugs, can significantly inhibit mouse follicle rupture in vivo. Our work suggests that <i>Drosophila</i> ovulation is a valuable platform for identifying lead compounds for nonsteroidal contraceptive development and highlights the potential of these FDA-approved drugs as novel nonsteroidal contraceptive agents.
Abstract P221: The Impact of Prevalent and New-onset Cardiometabolic Risk on the Incidence of Hepatic Steatosis (2020)

Background: Little is known about hepatic steatosis (HS) incidence and its relationship to underlying or new-onset cardiometabolic risk. This study aims to assess the incidence of hepatic steatosis in an asymptomatic population and to determine its relationship to both prevalent and new-onset cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: We analyzed retrospective data from a voluntary employer-sponsored routine health promotion evaluation at the Preventive Medicine Center of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) collected from October 2004 to December 2016.Medical and demographic history, anthropometric measures including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and fasting blood samples were obtained. Participants also had ultrasonography to assess for HS. We included data from 8,448 individuals who had complete cardiometabolic and ultrasound data at baseline and repeated all tests at least 6 months later. Results: The mean age (standard deviation, SD) of participants was 40 (9) years. Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.4 (2.3) years, the incidence of HS was 14.7%. As shown in the table, diabetes, poor physical activity, elevated waist circumference and cigarette smoking at baseline were independently associated with hepatic steatosis. There was an additive effect of the increasing cardiometabolic risk factors (see graph) on the risk of developing HS. Participants with new-onset cardiometabolic risk factors also had a higher risk of incident HS after accounting for baseline demographics and cardiometabolic risk factors (see forest plot). This was most pronounced for incident obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m 2 ). Conclusion: In this relatively young population, the incidence of HS was high and was both independently and collectively associated with baseline cardiometabolic risk. New-onset cardiometabolic risk tracks with incident HS. This study emphasizes the need for assessing and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in the prevention of HS.
A Microwave Ferrite Frequency Separator (1958)

When multiple filter groups are interconnected for operation out of a single source, interaction effects between filters can occur. Frequently, unless special precautions are taken, the filters may interact to such an extent that severe deterioration in performance may result. Introduction of the gyrator by Tellegen and the subsequent microwave realization of the circulator by Hogan, Rowen, and others provide new possibilities for design of channel-branching circuits and frequency-spectrum partition arrays. The nature of the frequency separation problem is reviewed, and the application of the ferrite circulator to effect channel branching is considered in detail. Several specific multichannel systems comprising various circulator filter and one-way line filter arrays are presented and their relative merits examined. A 4-port (3-channel) experimental prototype separator system consisting of a Faraday rotation type of circulator and maximally flat band-pass waveguide filters is described. A quantitative theory of operation of the prototype is developed. Experimental data and performance curves are given. These data show close agreement with results predicted by the theory.
Fast optical proximity correction method based on nonlinear compressive sensing (2018)

Optical proximity correction (OPC) is an extensively used resolution enhancement technique (RET) in optical lithography. To date, the computational efficiency has become a big issue for pixelated OPC techniques due to the increasing complexity of lithographic masks in modern integrated circuits. This paper is the first to apply nonlinear compressive sensing (CS) theory to break through the computational efficiency of gradient-based pixelated OPC methods. The proposed method reduces the dimensionality of the OPC problem by downsampling the layout pattern. Then, a nonlinear cost function is established to guarantee the lithography imaging performance on the downsampled layout. Under the sparsity assumption of the mask, the OPC problem is formulated as an inverse nonlinear CS reconstruction problem. The iterative hard thresholding (IHT) algorithm is then used to solve for the OPC problem. The proposed method proves to improve the computational efficiency of traditional gradient-based OPC methods, while improving the process windows of the lithography systems. Benefiting from the sparse property of the mask patterns, the mask manufacturability can also be improved compared to traditional methods.
Limiting Ischemic Injury by Inhibition of Excitatory Amino Acid Release (1993)

Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) are important mediators of ischemic injury in stroke. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have been shown to be very effective neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke, but may have unacceptable toxicity for human use. An alternative approach is to inhibit the release of EAAs during stroke. BW1003C87 [5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidine], a drug that inhibits veratrine-induced release of the EAA glutamate in vitro, was tested in a rat model of proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. BW1003C87 significantly decreased ischemia-induced glutamate release in brain when given either 5 min before or 15 min following permanent MCA occlusion. Pretreated and posttreated rats had smaller infarct volumes and preserved glucose metabolism in the ischemic cortex at 24 h after MCA occlusion. BW1003C87 did not induce heat shock protein in the cingulate or retrosplenial cortex, suggesting that it does not injure neurons in these regions as do NMDA antagonists. These results demonstrate that drugs that inhibit glutamate release in ischemia may be nontoxic and show promise for the treatment of stroke.
Synthesis and screening of support-bound combinatorial cyclic peptide and free C-terminal peptide libraries. (2007)

One-bead one-compound (OBOC) peptide libraries have been useful tools in the biomedical sciences.However, OBOC peptide libraries usually display the N-termini of peptides on the surface as conventional solid phase peptide synthesis proceeds in the C to N direction.While large combinatorial libraries of cyclic peptides can be synthesized by the split-and-pool synthesis method, the sequence determination has been a challenge.Also, peptide libraries with free C-termini face the same problem as well as the difficulty of synthesis in the N to C direction.We report here the development of cyclic peptide libraries and C-terminal peptide libraries for high-throughput screening and sequencing.TentaGel microbeads (90 m) were spatially segregated into outer and inner layers;
SVG Rendering of Digital Images: an Overview (2005)

The SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) standard allows representing complex graphical scenes by a collection of\ngraphic vectorial-based primitives, offering several advantages with respect to classical raster images such as:\nscalability, resolution independence, etc. In this paper we present a full comparison between some advanced\nraster to SVG algorithms: SWaterG, SVGenie, SVGWave and Vector Eye. SWaterG works by a watershed\ndecomposition coupled with some ad-hoc heuristics, SVGenie and SVGWave use a polygonalization based\nrespectively on Data Dependent and Wavelet triangulation, while Vector Eye is a commercial tool. Final quality\nhas been assessed over a large dataset of images both in terms of PSNR and compression ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED 5‐PHENYLTETRAZOLES: IMPROVED ACTIVATORS OF DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORAMIDITES IN DEOXYOLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Nitrilen (I) entstehen mit Natriumazid und Ammoniumchlorid die Tetrazole (II), die bei der Herstellung von Nucleotiden (V) als Kondensationsmittel eingesetzt werden.
Genomic History and Gene Family Evolution in Angiosperms: Challenges and Opportunities (2008)

Whole genome duplications (WGD) have been a frequent occurrence during the evolution of angiosperms, providing all gene families the opportunity to grow and diversify. Most of this potential growth has not been realized, since each WGD has been followed by massive gene losses. The likelihood of survival of gene duplicates after a WGD has been shown to depend on their function, as is also the case for single gene duplications. These two modes of growth have different functional and evolutionary implications and have had a markedly divergent impact on the evolution of different gene families. Despite duplications, gene losses, and translocations it is still possible in many cases to reconstruct the history of angiosperm genomic segments, sometimes back to the last ancestor of monocots and eudicots. This segmental phylogeny can in turn shed light on the evolution of the genes that form part of those segments. Position-based phylogeny can improve the resolution and correct artifacts created by phylogenies based on gene sequences, although a number of questions need to be resolved for its full potential to be fulf illed.
#508 Infants and children with sinovenous thrombosis and arterial ischemic stroke have a high prevalence of coagulation abnormalities (1997)

de Veber, G.*; MacGregor, D.*; Curtis, R.*; Vegh, P.*; Lee, S.*; Adams, M.*; Andrew, M. Author Information
A domestic ferret model of immunity to Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteric disease (1990)

Oral or intravenous inoculation of previously unexposed juvenile and adult ferrets with Campylobacter jejuni uniformly resulted in intestinal colonization lasting 2 to 12 days. Disease varied from mild to moderate diarrhea, which resolved in 2 to 3 days. Orally infected animals developed agglutinin titers of 8 to 256 within 3 weeks, while those infected intravenously developed titers of 256 to 2,048. Ferrets which had recovered from campylobacteriosis all developed high titers of agglutinating and bacterial antibodies but were readily colonized by subsequent oral inoculation with the same strain of C. jejuni. Orally infected ferret kits 3 to 6 weeks of age exhibited the same general pattern of infection and disease as adults, but diarrhea was somewhat more severe. Kits resolved their diarrhea in 1 to 6 days and developed agglutinin titers in serum of 16 to 32 within 3 weeks. A series of five oral or rectal inoculations of kits during the 5- to 9-week age interval resulted in progressively shorter clearance times and eventual strain-specific resistance against infection, as well as disease. Gnotobiotic adults showed the same pattern of strain-specific accelerated clearance and resistance to disease. Kits born to immune dams with high levels of whey antibodies had passively acquired serum agglutinin titers of 256 to 2,048. These kits showed no resistance to colonization with the homologous strain of C. jejuni but were completely refractory to diarrhea. These observations suggest that (i) some form(s) of specific immunity, rather than factors relating solely to age or normal flora, is responsible for resistance to C. jejuni colonization and disease production and (ii) humoral immunity at a level that does not prevent colonization can protect against enteric disease caused by this organism.
Halogenation of organic compounds using continuous flow and microreactor technology (2016)

Halogenation reactions involving highly reactive halogenating agents can be performed safely and with improved efficiency and selectivity under continuous flow conditions.
Influence of the grafting topology of hydrophobic silica surfaces on the mechanical properties of silicone high consistency rubbers (2015)

Abstract Silica‐filled rubber materials exhibit stress softening and hysteresis under cyclic loadings. These phenomena are usually associated with both the Payne and Mullins effects. To better characterize these properties, five model silicas were produced and used in industrial‐like high consistency rubber ( HCR ) formulations: the native (hydrophilic) silica and four chemically modified silicas for which both the content of surface silanols and the nature of the grafted silicone chains differ. Silica − polydimethylsiloxane HCR elastomer with constant silica content and optimal dispersion was tested via static (uniaxial tensile tests, cyclic and monotonic) and dynamic tests. The Payne and Mullins effects as well as the ultimate properties were evaluated as a function of particle surface treatment. It was found that the Payne amplitude decreases with the content of grafted chains, whereas the Mullins effect and ultimate strain decrease with an increase in molar mass between crosslinks. Finally, the ultimate strength is optimal as long as silica is surface treated, albeit independent of surface grafting topology. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Thin Films of Layered-MoS2: ALD of Molybdenum and Sulfurization a Novel Approach (2020)

Thin layers of two dimensional (2D) materials mainly transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and more specifically ultra-thin layered-MoS 2 semiconductor possess exceptional properties such as electrical, optical, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties. This allows the exploration of internal quantum degrees of freedom of electrons and their potential for use in semiconductor microelectronics, optoelectronic, energy, and sensor and detector applications. These exciting results are being achieved mostly by using exfoliation of flecks from bulk MoS2 crystal. However, the biggest challenge in realizing TMDs full potential has been the lack of scalable material synthesis methods for such films with high uniformity, conformality and interfacing with other materials such as oxides, metals and its process compatibility. Among the various thin film deposition methods, atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers the best combination of precisely controlled layer-by-layer thin film growth at low temperature with very high conformality on complex substrates. Here we will present the growth of layered-MoS 2 thin films. To grow high quality layered–MoS 2 thin films, we have developed an ALD-based two step processing approach: firstly the growth of well controlled ultra-thin layer of Mo metal using ALD followed by the sulfurization of the ALD Mo layer at various temperatures. This two-steps processing results in high quality layered-MoS 2 thin films on large substrates. For the Mo ALD process we used molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF 6 ) and Si 2 H 6 precursors. We used in-situ QCM measurements to study interfacial and nucleation effects in the formation of continuous ultra-thin metal layer of Mo. The composition of both the ALD Mo and the layered MoS 2 layers was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Further, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to confirm the formation of layered MoS 2 on high aspect ratio trenches and Raman analysis to verify the signature of E12g blue shift and A1g red shift in the MoS2 structure. Here, we will discuss the details of the two-step thin film growth process for creating layered MoS 2 layers via ALD Mo and subsequent sulfurization as well as the properties of the MoS 2 films.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Carbenoid Reactivity Through Neighboring Group Participation. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Results and Thoughts on Optical Microscopy Using a Single-molecule Probe (2001)

We discuss our recent results as well as planned experiments for obtaining molecular resolution in optical microscopy. By combining single molecule spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy we have demonstrated opticalmicroscopy with a single-molecule light source. We also sketch a method for the use of an inhomogeneous static electric field for determining the position of a molecule in all three dimensions.
COMPARISON OF THE ANALGESIC POTENCY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF ANILERIDINE AND DEMEROL IN MAN (1957)

Survey of Anesthesiology is an authoritative source of information on advances in the science and practice of anesthesiology as reported throughout the world literature. Every bimonthly issue contains 50 or more condensed articles selected by the journal’s distinguished Editorial Board from more than 100 international periodicals. Each condensed article carries a critique by a reviewing editor to provide an expert perspective on the material presented.
Activated release of membrane-anchored TGF-alpha in the absence of cytosol (1993)

The ectodomain of proTGF-alpha, a membrane-anchored growth factor, is converted into soluble TGF-alpha by a regulated cellular proteolytic system that recognizes proTGF-alpha via the C-terminal valine of its cytoplasmic tail. In order to define the biochemical components involved in proTGF-alpha cleavage, we have used cells permeabilized with streptolysin O (SLO) that have been extensively washed to remove cytosol. PMA, acting through a Ca(2+)-independent protein kinase C, activates cleavage as efficiently in permeabilized cells as it does in intact cells. ProTGF-alpha cleavage is also stimulated by GTP gamma S through a mechanism whose pharmacological properties suggest the involvement of a heterotrimeric G protein acting upstream of the PMA-sensitive Ca(2+)-independent protein kinase C. Activated proTGF-alpha cleavage is dependent on ATP hydrolysis, appears not to require vesicular traffic, and acts specifically on proTGF-alpha that has reached the cell surface. These results indicate that proTGF-alpha is cleaved from the cell surface by a regulated system whose signaling, recognition, and proteolytic components are retained in cells devoid of cytosol.
The difference in the functional water flow network between the stem and current-year root cross-sectional surfaces in Salix gracilistyla stem xylem (2023)

The dye injection method has been applied to many species to analyze the xylem water transport pathway in trees. However, traditional dye injection methods introduced dye tracers from the surface of cut stems, including several annual rings. Furthermore, the traditional dye injection method did not evaluate radial water movement from the outermost annual rings to the inner annual rings. In this study, we assessed the difference in radial water movement visualized by an injected dye, between stem base cut and current-year root cut samples of Salix gracilistyla Miq., with current-year roots grown hydroponically. The results showed that the number of stained annual rings in the root cut samples was smaller than that in the stem cut samples, and the percentage of stained vessels in the root cut samples was significantly smaller than that in the stem base cut samples in the second and third annual rings. In the current-year root cut samples, water transport mainly occurred in the outermost rings from the current-year roots to leaves. In addition, the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of stained vessels in the stem cut samples was higher in the current-year root cut samples in the second and third annual rings. These findings indicate that the previously reported dye injection method using stem cut samples overestimated the water transport pathway in the inner part of the stems. Moreover, previous hydraulic conductivity measurement methods might not have considered the effects of radial resistance through the annual ring boundary, and they might have overestimated the hydraulic conductivity in the inner annual rings.
Deep Reinforcement Learning with Pre-training for Time-efficient Training of Automatic Speech Recognition (2020)

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) is a combination of deep learning with reinforcement learning principles to create efficient methods that can learn by interacting with its environment. This has led to breakthroughs in many complex tasks, such as playing the game "Go", that were previously difficult to solve. However, deep RL requires significant training time making it difficult to use in various real-life applications such as Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). In this paper, we study pre-training in deep RL to reduce the training time and improve the performance of Speech Recognition, a popular application of HCI. To evaluate the performance improvement in training we use the publicly available "Speech Command" dataset, which contains utterances of 30 command keywords spoken by 2,618 speakers. Results show that pre-training with deep RL offers faster convergence compared to non-pre-trained RL while achieving improved speech recognition accuracy.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2019)

This chapter examines the indications, applications, and complications of modern extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The safety profile of ECMO has improved through advancements in devices, components, and routine management, resulting in improved outcomes and an expanded range of applications. Currently, ECMO can provide cardiopulmonary support in reversible conditions, such as post-cardiotomy shock, acute respiratory failure, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, bridge to transplant, complex airway repairs, and massive pulmonary embolism, among others. The chapter focuses on the primary factors involved in using ECMO successfully: appropriate patient selection, optimal cannulation strategy, and availability of comprehensive medical resources (or a referral agreement with a comprehensive ECMO center) to handle emergent ECMO complications and to absorb the substantial resource requirements of treating patients with ECMO.