gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Better Trauma Care. How Maryland Does It (2005)

In March, 1970, the Maryland State Police, in cooperation with the University of Maryland, started the first statewide airborne transportation system. It was modeled after the army's success in Korea and Vietnam, where battlefield injuries were flown to front-line MASH units. The world's premier statewide medical aviation division was made possible through a cooperative effort between the Maryland State Police Aviation Division and Dr. R Adams Cowley at the University of Maryland Hospital as a public service to the citizens of the state. The Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS) has five components: (1) aircraft, (2) state troopers, (3) system communications (SYSCOM) center, (4) ambulance and fire emergency rescue, and (5) Level I adult and pediatric trauma centers and a regional burn center. The Maryland State Police Aviation Division now has 12 Aerospace Dauphin AS365N helicopters that operate out of eight fixed points throughout the state. Each helicopter has a two-person crew that consists of a pilot and a paramedic. Since 1993, the overall coordination of emergency medical services (EMS) has been under the purview of MIEMSS, an independent executive-level state agency that is governed by an appointed board and advisory council. To ensure stable funding for Maryland's world renowned emergency medical services (EMS) system, including med-evac helicopters, ambulances, fire equipment, rescue squads, and trauma units, a "surcharge" of $13.50 per year is collected with the automobile registration fee where applicable. The SYSCOM center in Baltimore coordinates the helicopter transport to the scene of the accident as well as referral to the specialty care facility: Adult Level I Trauma Center, Pediatric Level I Trauma Center, and Regional Burn Center. An on-the-scene evaluation of this exemplary emergency medical system in Maryland provides further convincing evidence of the performance of the Maryland State Police Aviation Division as they transported an injured child to the Johns Hopkins Pediatric Level I Trauma Center. It is our belief that the model emergency medical system in Maryland, if replicated throughout our nation, would save the lives of the critically injured.
Context-Based Statistical Process Control (2003)

Most statistical process control (SPC) methods are not suitable for monitoring nonlinear and state-dependent processes. This article introduces the context-based SPC (CSPC) methodology for state-dependent data generated by a finite-memory source. The key idea of the CSPC is to monitor the statistical attributes of a process by comparing two context trees at any monitoring period of time. The first is a reference tree that represents the “in control” reference behavior of the process; the second is a monitored tree, generated periodically from a sample of sequenced observations, that represents the behavior of the process at that period. The Kullback–Leibler (KL) statistic is used to measure the relative “distance” between these two trees, and an analytic distribution of this statistic is derived. Monitoring the KL statistic indicates whether there has been any significant change in the process that requires intervention. An example of buffer-level monitoring in a production system demonstrates the viability of the new method with respect to conventional methods.
Studies on pyrazines. 3. A facile synthetic method of 2,3-diaminopyrazines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on pyrazines. 3. A facile synthetic method of 2,3-diaminopyrazinesNobuhiro Sato and Jiro AdachiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2, 341–343Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00396a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00396a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential interaction of silver nanoparticles with cysteine (2012)

Understanding the characteristics of cysteine on a solid surface is an important issue in protein study and amino acid analysis. Therefore, cysteine was selected as a model biomolecule to study the interaction with plasmonic silver nanoparticles. In this study, we report the differential interaction of cysteine with silver nanoparticles synthesised by Lee and Meisel (using citrate as reductant), and modified Creighton (citrate and borohydride as reductant) methods. In Lee and Meisel's method, the red-shifting of silver plasmon resonance in the UV–vis spectra and the aggregation of the particles occurred owing to a decrease in stability of silver nanoparticles upon interaction with cysteine. In contrast, the other method did not cause any aggregation or significant spectral changes. The differential behaviour may be due to surface chemical changes on cysteine with pH, which plays a major role in the nanoparticle-biomolecule interaction. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles applying two sol gel methods followed by interactions with cysteine induces different functionalities on the nanoparticles, which may find specific applications in bio-sensing and drug delivery.
Multi‐Path Magnetic Relaxation of Mono‐Dysprosium(III) Single‐Molecule Magnet with Extremely High Barrier (2011)

A large magnetic anisotropy was achieved around the DyIII ion, and a single-molecule magnet behavior has been observed up to 35 K for the dinuclear complex DyIII–ZnII. The magnetic relaxation occurs through three different pathways depending on the temperature and the presence of an external dc field (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The accuracy of head and neck carcinoma sentinel lymph node biopsy in the clinically N0 neck (2001)

The SLN, in head and neck carcinomas accessible to injection without anesthesia, is an accurate reflector of the status of the regional lymph nodes, when found in patients with early tumors. Sentinel lymph nodes may be found in clinically unpredictable sites, and SLN biopsy may aid in identifying the clinically N0 patient with early lymph node disease. If SLNs cannot be located in the neck, an elective lymph node dissection should be considered.
Verification of Relational Data-Centric Dynamic Systems with External Services (2012)

Data-centric dynamic systems are systems where both the process controlling the dynamics and the manipulation of data are equally central. In this paper we study verification of (first-order) mu-calculus variants over relational data-centric dynamic systems, where data are represented by a full-fledged relational database, and the process is described in terms of atomic actions that evolve the database. The execution of such actions may involve calls to external services, providing fresh data inserted into the system. As a result such systems are typically infinite-state. We show that verification is undecidable in general, and we isolate notable cases, where decidability is achieved. Specifically we start by considering service calls that return values deterministically (depending only on passed parameters). We show that in a mu-calculus variant that preserves knowledge of objects appeared along a run we get decidability under the assumption that the fresh data introduced along a run are bounded, though they might not be bounded in the overall system. In fact we tie such a result to a notion related to weak acyclicity studied in data exchange. Then, we move to nondeterministic services where the assumption of data bounded run would result in a bound on the service calls that can be invoked during the execution and hence would be too restrictive. So we investigate decidability under the assumption that knowledge of objects is preserved only if they are continuously present. We show that if infinitely many values occur in a run but do not accumulate in the same state, then we get again decidability. We give syntactic conditions to avoid this accumulation through the novel notion of "generate-recall acyclicity", which takes into consideration that every service call activation generates new values that cannot be accumulated indefinitely.
<title>Investigation of improved designs for rotational micromirrors using multiuser MEMS processes</title> (2001)

In recent years, the design of rotational micromirrors for use in optical cross connects has received much attention. Although several companies have already produced and marketed a number of torsional mirror devices, more work is still needed to determine how these mirrors can be integrated into optical systems to form compact optical switches. However, recently several commercial MEMS foundry services have become available. Thus, due to the low cost of these prototyping services, new devices can be fabricated in short amounts of time and the designs adapted to meet the needs of different applications. The purpose of this work is to investigate the fabrication of new micromirror designs using the Multi-User MEMS Processes (MUMPs) foundry service available from Cronos Integrated Microsystems, located in North Carolina (USA). Several sets of mirror designs were submitted for fabrication and the resulting structures characterized using a phase-shifting Mirau interferometer. The results of these devices are presented.
Design and implementation of a consolidated middlebox architecture (2012)

Most network deployments respond to changing application, workload, and policy requirements via the deployment of specialized network appliances or "middle- boxes". Today, however, middlebox platforms are ex- pensive and closed systems, with little/no hooks for extensibility. Furthermore, they are acquired from independent vendors and deployed as standalone devices with little cohesiveness in how the ensemble of middleboxes is managed. As network requirements continue to grow in both scale and variety, this bottom-up approach leads middlebox deployments on a trajectory of growing device sprawl with corresponding escalation in capital and management costs. &lt;p&gt; To address this challenge, we present CoMb, a new architecture for middlebox deployments that systematically applies the design principle of consolidation, both at the level of building individual middleboxes and managing a network of middleboxes. This paper addresses key resource management and implementation challenges that arise in exploiting the benefits of con- solidation in middlebox deployments. Using a prototype implementation in Click, we show that CoMb can reduce the network provisioning cost by up to 2.5x and reduce the load imbalance in a network by up to 25x.
Research of the structural-learning-based symbol recognition mechanism for engineering drawings (2010)

Considering the diversity of symbol representation in the engineering drawings and the adaptability of the symbol recognition method, we propose the structural description and learning method of symbols and implement a real drawing recognition system embedding the self- learning mechanism. In the system, the symbol templates are automatically created by the incremental sample learning and used in the recognition. Meanwhile, different types of recognition result are used to guide the further learning work: template creating or updating. Experiments show that the recognition ability will improve incrementally without modifying the program and only a few samples are needed.
Abnormal development of Purkinje cells and lymphocytes in Atm mutant mice (2000)

Motor incoordination, immune deficiencies, and an increased risk of cancer are the characteristic features of the hereditary disease ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), which is caused by mutations in the ATM gene. Through gene targeting, we have generated a line of Atm mutant mice, Atm(y/y) mice. In contrast to other Atm mutant mice, Atm(y/y) mice show a lower incidence of thymic lymphoma and survive beyond a few months of age. Atm(y/y) mice exhibit deficits in motor learning indicative of cerebellar dysfunction. Even though we found no gross cerebellar degeneration in older Atm(y/y) animals, ectopic and abnormally differentiated Purkinje cells were apparent in mutant mice of all ages. These findings establish that some neuropathological abnormalities seen in A-T patients also are present in Atm mutant mice. In addition, we report a previously unrecognized effect of Atm deficiency on development or maintenance of CD4(+)8(+) thymocytes. We discuss these findings in the context of the hypothesis that abnormal development of Purkinje cells and lymphocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of A-T.
Investigation of three-module converter structure in photovoltaic systems (2021)

DC voltage imbalance is a significant challenge in photovoltaic systems. These systems can consider as a current source. Therefore, a capacitor is parallel to the interface converter to meet the limitations of this source. By using the proposed modular structure, the voltage balance can establish. Perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is used to obtain the maximum power point (MPP) of this system. This algorithm generates the reference currents of the inductors for the converter. A sliding-mode controller is considered to control these currents and balance the voltage at the output capacitors of the system. The three-module system with photovoltaic sources has been simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink software.
Brain SPECT Evaluation of Cerebral Perfusion in Hemimegalencephaly (1997)

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare congenital neuronal migration disorder characterized by unilateral hypertrophy of a cerebral hemisphere. It can be an isolated abnormality, or it can be associated with neurocutaneous syndromes. Clinical manifestations include intractable motor seizures, impaired psychomotor development, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia. Prognosis is poor. Hemispherectomy is the treatment of choice. Brain SPECT is useful in excluding seizure foci or other perfusion abnormalities in the contralateral side before surgery. The authors report two cases of increased perfusion in the affected hemisphere relative to the contralateral hemisphere that contrast with previous reports of decreased perfusion in the abnormal side as determined scintigraphically.
FUNCTIONALIZED 2-BENZAZEPINES* (2006)

2-Aryl-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-5-carbonitriles were obtained by the cyclization of methyl esters of N-aryl-N-(2-cyanomethylbenzyl)aminoacetic acids by the action of sodium methylate. The keto-enol tautomerism of these compounds and their reactions with hydrazines were studied. Intramolecular acylation in o-functionalized phenylacetonitriles has been used in our previous work (2-4) for the synthesis of dibenz(b,f)azocine derivatives. In a continuation of these studies and in light of the promising search for biological activity in 2-benzazepine derivatives (5), we studied this approach for the synthesis of previously unreported functionally substituted 2-benzazepines. The reaction of 2-bromomethylphenylacetonitrile 1 with methyl N-arylaminoacetate 2 in the presence of AcONa gave a series of methyl N-aryl-N-(2-cyanomethylbenzyl)-2-aminoacetates 3. Heating of these products in methanolic sodium methylate for 1.5 h would be expected to give intramolecular cyclization involving the cyano group (according to Thorpe (6)), leading to iminobenzazepines 4 or the formation of cyanobenzazepines 5 due to ester condensation.
Gamma radiation consequences on desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) digestive system. (2010)

Schistocera gregaria (Forsk.) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) remains a major insect pest in Africa, more particularly in the Sahelian zone. Present control methods are only partially efficient. In a previous study, we tested the potentiality of a sterile insect technique (SIT). Males of S. gregaria appeared to be much radiosensitive as already a dose of 3 Gy limited their survival. Gamma-radiations are known to damages the epithelial tissue of midgut, which affects the alimentation in insects. In this work, we show how digestive system of S. gregaria males is affected when submitted to a dose of 4 gamma rays. Nutrition is affected as males stop feeding soon after irradiation and progressively lose weight. Histological analyses on the midgut showed important epithelium damages. The regenerative cells by which the epithelial cells are replaced were damaged on the first days following irradiation. Consequently, regenerative cells are unable to divide and replace the normal loss of midgut cell. After nine days, the entire midgut epithelium was destroyed and only longitudinal muscles layer remained intact. This indicates that low radiation doses should be used if SIT will be applied.
Automotive Internal-Combustion-Engine Fault Detection and Classification Using Artificial Neural Network Techniques (2014)

In this paper, an engine fault detection and classification technique using vibration data in the crank angle domain is presented. These data are used in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs), which are applied to detect faults in a four-stroke gasoline engine built for experimentation. A comparative study is provided between the popular backpropagation (BP) method, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method, the quasi-Newton (QN) method, the extended Kalman filter (EKF), and the smooth variable structure filter (SVSF). The SVSF is a relatively new estimation strategy, based on the sliding mode concept. It has been formulated to efficiently train ANNs and is consequently referred to as the SVSF-ANN. The accuracy of the proposed method is compared with the standard accuracy of the Kalman-based filters and the popular BP algorithms in an effort to validate the SVSF-ANN performance and application to engine fault detection and classification. The customizable fault diagnostic system is able to detect known engine faults with various degrees of severity, such as defective lash adjuster, piston chirp (PC), and chain tensioner (CT) problems. The technique can be used at any dealership or assembly plant to considerably reduce warranty costs for the company and manufacturer.
Solventless VOC chemisorption by silver metallocycles (2013)

Solventless VOC chemisorption by silver metallocycles&#13;\n&#13;\nOumarou C. S.a, Tekarli S.,b Nesterov V.,b Omary M. A.,b Burini A.,a Galassi R.,a&#13;\naSchool of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino; e-mail: camillesimon.oumarou@unicam.it&#13;\nb Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA&#13;\n&#13;\nPrior work has focused on detection/sensing aspects of VOCs,[1] this work proposes a method for their simultaneous filtration and removal through their strong chemisorption to a silver(I) metallocyclic trimer.[2] A solid cyclotrimer can quantitatively remove entire molar integers of VOCs (1-3 equivalents of VOCs per mole of the nitrated trimer) from the vapor phase in a solventless “green” chemical process, which is unprecedented for this class of cyclic d10 complexes.&#13;\n &#13;\nFigure 1. Illustration of quadrupole-dipole interactions involving the [Ag(μ-Pz-2CF3)]3 or [Ag(3,5-(NO2)2pz)]3 trimers and acetonitrile using M06/CEP-31G(d). MEP surfaces are plotted in two manners, either mapped on electron density surfaces (rainbow plots with the color scale shown; isodensity = 0.0004) or positive (blue) and negative (red) regions in space (range = ± 2.2 a. u.; isodensity = 0.02)&#13;\n&#13;\n[1] Yaghi et al., PNAS 2008, 105, 11623&#13;\n[2] R. Galassi, S. Ricci, A. Burini, A. Macchioni, L. Rocchigiani, F. Marmottini, S. Tekarli, V. Nesterov, M. A. Omary, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, submitted.
Layer-by-layer assembled fluorescent probes in the second near-infrared window for systemic delivery and detection of ovarian cancer (2016)

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) features deep tissue penetration, reduced tissue scattering, and diminishing tissue autofluorescence. Here, NIR-II fluorescent probes, including down-conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and organic dyes, are constructed into biocompatible nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer (LbL) platform due to its modular and versatile nature. The LbL platform has previously been demonstrated to enable incorporation of diagnostic agents, drugs, and nucleic acids such as siRNA while providing enhanced blood plasma half-life and tumor targeting. This work carries out head-to-head comparisons of currently available NIR-II probes with identical LbL coatings with regard to their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities. Overall, rare-earth-based down-conversion nanoparticles demonstrate optimal biological and optical performance and are evaluated as a diagnostic probe for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, typically diagnosed at late stage. Successful detection of orthotopic ovarian tumors is achieved by in vivo NIR-II imaging and confirmed by ex vivo microscopic imaging. Collectively, these results indicate that LbL-based NIR-II probes can serve as a promising theranostic platform to effectively and noninvasively monitor the progression and treatment of serous ovarian cancer.
Effects of age and platelet‐rich plasma on ACL cell viability and collagen gene expression (2011)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown in vivo potential to stimulate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing at early time points in large animal models. However, in animal models, the healing potential of the ACL is dependent on animal age. In this study, we hypothesized that there are age-dependent differences in ACL cell metabolism, collagen gene expression, and the ability of the cells to respond to growth factors in PRP. To test this hypothesis, ACL cells were obtained from skeletally immature, adolescent and adult pigs, and cultured in a collagen type I hydrogel with or without PRP for 14 days. When cultured in collagen-only hydrogel, ACL cells from adult pigs had a 19% lower apoptotic rate as compared to immature pigs (p = 0.001) and a 25% higher cellular metabolic activity as compared to adolescent pigs (p = 0.006). The addition of PRP to the collagen hydrogel resulted in a significantly increased cellular metabolic activity, reduced apoptotic rate, and stimulation of collagen production in the cells from the immature and adolescent animals (p < 0.05 for all comparisons) but had less effect on adult cells. These findings suggest that skeletal maturity may influence ACL cells' metabolic activity, apoptosis, collagen production, and response to PRP.
Rhinitis in Patients Treated with a Combination of an mTOR Inhibitor and an EGFR Inhibitor (2010)

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