gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Reactions of Chlorine Peroxide with Halide Ions (1997)

The heterogeneous reactivity of chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) on halide-doped ice surfaces was studied using discharge-flow mass spectrometry over the temperature range 209−258 K. By monitoring Cl2O2+ parent ion signals, reactions were observed on ice doped with I-, Br-, Cl-, or F- ions. XCl was the only gas-phase product detected in each reaction, where X = dopant halide. Other products evidently remain bound at the ice surface and were not detected. The heterogeneous reaction ClOOCl + X- → XCl + products is proposed. Chloride-doped ice layers were made either by freezing aqueous solutions of HCl or NaCl on the flow tube walls or by adding HCl gas to pure ice layers. Thermodynamic considerations indicate that reaction surfaces below the NaX/H2O systems' eutectic points were mixtures of two solid phases (ice and NaX hydrate crystals), while liquid layers existed at HCl/ice surfaces under our conditions. Our measured ClOOCl reaction probabilities on solid surfaces ranged from γ = 0.026 to γ ≥ 0.3 on NaI/ice surfaces, from γ = 0.0016 to γ = 0.064 on NaBr/ice surfaces (possibly temperature dependent), from γ = 0.0009 to γ = 0.0092 on NaCl/ice surfaces, and from γ = 0.0006 to γ = 0.0050 on NaF/ice surfaces. ClOOCl reaction probabilities measured on HCl/H2O liquid layers were as high as γ = 0.0065, and on pure ice surfaces as high as γ = 0.0011. In the absence of halide ions, there was no detectable reaction of ClOOCl on ice doped with nitric or sulfuric acid (γ ≤ 4 × 10-4). Chlorine peroxide uptake was heavily time-dependent, especially on HCl/ice surfaces, indicating that these measurements of heterogeneous kinetics were limited by saturation and deactivation effects in the flow tube. Stratospheric reaction probabilities may therefore differ from those reported here.
An American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) prospective multi-center research protocol: outcomes of urethral realignment versus suprapubic cystostomy after pelvic fracture urethral injury (2018)

The proposed prospective multi-institutional cohort study should determine the utility of acute urethral realignment after PFUI.
An Evening of Polish Music (2010)

Ayano Ninomya's seco nd New Yorl~ recital tool~ place at Merki.n Concert Hall in Octo ber 2 008 and garnered t hi s prai se: "l-l er tec h nique is equal to all ch allenges, secure, effortless and unohhu sive; her tone is love ly, pure, and variable in color and inte nsity" (New York Co t1cert Review).Two pieces fr om
Morphology of Immiscible Polymer Blend Thin Films Prepared by Spin-Coating (2004)

The morphologies of spin-coated thin films of the immiscible polymer blend of polystyrene and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PS/PtBA) are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning force microscopy (SFM) combined with selective dissolution. PS and PtBA are found to phase separate laterally in the thin films after spin-coating. The overall trend with blend composition is for PS islands to form when the PS:PtBA ratio is less than unity and for PtBA holes to form when the PS:PtBA ratio is larger than unity. The thickness of PS phases always exceeds that of the PtBA phases with both thicknesses increasing linearly with concentration of the spin-coating solution. The addition of P(S-b-tBA) diblock copolymer decreases the overall domain dimensions. After long annealing periods, PtBA is found to segregate preferentially to both the air−polymer interface and the polymer−substrate interface, effectively encapsulating PS droplet domains. A simple free energy model developed for the annealed specimens predicts a local free energy minimum as a function of PS droplet diameter, accounting for the observed stability of PS droplet phases and their very slow growth upon annealing. The surface tension of PtBA and the interfacial tension between PS and PtBA are shown to be critical parameters that affect the domain morphology in annealed PS/PtBA thin films.
ChemInform Abstract: The Regioselective Addition Reaction of 1,2‐Benzoquinones with Silyl Enol Ethers Catalyzed by Trityl Perchlorate. (1989)

Abstract The silyl enol ethers (I) are coupled with the o‐benzoquinones (II) in the presence of catalytic amounts of trityl perchlorate, producing in general the oxoalkylcatechols (III) as the main products.
Avoiding wafer-print artifacts in spacer is dielectric (SID) patterning (2013)

For patterning the upper Metal layers of the 10 nm node, Spacer Is Dielectric (SID) Patterning is the leading candidate. Compared to Litho-Etch-Litho-Etch Double Patterning, SID has lower line-width roughness, tighter line-end spacing, and lower sensitivity to overlay errors. However, SID places more restrictions on design, and creates wafer-printing artifacts or “spurs.” These printing artifacts arise because SID uses a subtractive trim etch to create “negative contours,” which are very different from the positive contours of single-exposure patterning. In this work, we show the origin of these spurs, and present rule-based decomposition methods to avoid or mitigate them.
Security and privacy in advanced networking technologies (2004)

Security and privacy in telecommunications and networking, especially when electronic commerce is involved, are two of the most crucial services offered in the global networks. In general, users of the computer network services are largely unaware of the potential threats to their information, or they choose to ignore such threats. However, the increasing usage of Internet services has brought the importance of the protection of data, resources and identities to the forefront. Recently, the Internet has started to spread over the air to merge with mobile communication network, thus making a new broad range of services available to the new economy. Since these new services take place in a public and therefore in untrusted networks, there are many security issues involved that are of concern to different communities. This book provides a broad overview of the basic aspects of technology, services and applications that enable safety, security and privacy in untrusted networks. The book can be viewed as a sequel of the book Advanced Security Technologies in Networking, published by IOS Press in 2001 and edited by the same editors. While the first book focused mostly on basic security services and mechanisms, network layer security, public key infrastructures and related applications, and secure electronic commerce, this book gives an overview of the most recent security technologies, such as biometrics, mobile networks, intrusion detection systems, and privacy-enhancing technologies.
Preparation of tert-Alkyl Aryl Sulfides from tert-Alcohols via Quinone-mediated Oxidation–Reduction Condensation between tert-Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites and 2-Sulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole (2005)

Abstract A convenient two-step procedure for the construction of sulfur-containing quaternary centers from tert-alcohols involving chiral ones is established. tert-Alkyl diphenylphosphinites 1 were easily prepared in excellent yields from tert-alcohols and ClPPh2 by the combined use of Et3N and a catalytic amount of DMAP. Subsequent condensation of 1 with thiol 3 smoothly proceeded in the presence of quinone 2d to afford the corresponding tert-alkyl sulfides 4 in good to high yields via SN2 displacement. Removal of benzothiazol-2-yl group of (R)-4j was achieved with LiAlH4 to afford the desired chiral thiol (R)-5 in high yield.
A DLTS Investigation of VPE GaAs MESFETs (1987)

Capacitance DLTS measurements have been performed in VPE. GaAs MESFETs prepared on Bridgman Cr-doped and LEC undoped semiinsulating substrates. A band of electron traps was detected near the metal (gate)-semiconductor interface. Near pinch-off conditions, a positive capacitance signal was found to dominate the DLTS spectra in samples prepared on Cr-doped substrates. The feature of this positive capacitance transient have been analyzed and discussed.
Dynamic Impedance Spectroscopy of Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Thin Films (2019)

Dynamic multi-frequency analysis (DMFA) is capable of acquiring high-quality frequency response of electrochemical systems under non-stationary conditions in a broad range of frequencies. In this work, we used DMFA to study the kinetics of (de-)intercalation of univalent cations (Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>) in thin films of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) during cyclic voltammetry. For this system, the classic stationary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy fails due to the instability of the oxidized form of NiHCF. We are showing that such spectra can be fitted with a physical model described by a simple two-step intercalation mechanism: an adsorption step followed by an insertion step. The extracted kinetic parameters are depending on the state of charge as well on the nature of the inserted cation.
Multicore optical fiber (1979)

Field tests of the optical-fiber communication system using optical cables containing from a few to about 50 fibers have been made recently in various countries of the world. The effectiveness of this system has been confirmed in these tests.
Statistical analysis of field emitter emissivity: Application to flat displays (1995)

A new type of field emitter diagnostics has been developed, which takes into account a normal distribution of microtip sharpness. Substantial curvature in the Fowler–Nordheim plot is predicted at very low voltages and currents. From this curvature it is possible to calculate the mean and standard deviation of tip sharpness as well as other parameters relating to the voltage dependence of microtip sharpness. Thirteen Fowler–Nordheim plots are made with three anode voltages and six field emitter display (FED) panels fabricated at Pixel/LETI. Each of the FEDs has about 200 million Spindt-type microtips. Comparison between theory and experiment shows good agreement. The ratio of standard deviation to mean tip sharpness is about 10% for all panels tested. Noise-free measurements are made with very low average currents in the range of 10−16–10−11 A/tip.
A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Formulation for Optimizing Multi-Scale Material and Energy Integration (2020)

This research presents a mathematical formulation for optimizing integration of complex industrial systems from the level of unit operations to processes, entire plants, and finally to considering industrial symbiosis opportunities between plants. The framework is constructed using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) which exhibits rapid conversion and a global optimum with well-defined solution methods. The framework builds upon previous efforts in process integration and considers materials and energy with thermodynamic constraints imposed by formulating the heat cascade within the MILP. The model and method which form the fundamentals of process integration problems are presented, considering exchange restrictions and problem formulation across multiple time-scales to provide flexibility in solving complex design, planning, and operational problems. The work provides the fundamental problem formulation, which has not been previously presented in a comprehensive way, to provide the basis for future work, where many process integration elements can be appended to the formulation. A case study is included to demonstrate the capabilities and results for a simple, fictional, example though the framework and method are broadly applicable across scale, time, and plant complexity.
Asymptotic agreement and convergence of asynchronous stochastic algorithms (1987)

In this paper, we present results on the convergence and asymptotic agreement of a class of asynchronous stochastic distributed algorithms which are in general time-varying, memory-dependent, and not necessarily associated with the optimization of a common cost functional. We show that convergence and agreement can be reached by distributed learning and computation under a number of conditions, in which case a separation of fast and slow parts of the algorithm is possible, leading to a separation of the estimation part from the main algorithm.
The effects of low and high molecular weight substances on citrate — induced changes of growht and agglomeration of calcium oxalate crystals (1988)

The processes of crystal growth and agglomeration have for a long time been treated as one entity, mainly because of a lack of methods in which the two processes could be measured separately. Substances working on the measured crystallization rates by binding to the crystal surface, were termed inhibitors of growth and agglomeration. However, we have previously shown that a substance may inhibit crystal growth and at the same time stimulate crystal agglomeration (1,2). Also, comparing urine from a selected group of recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers with urine from a group of healthy subjects, we found that the strong inhibition of crystal agglomeration in the normal urine was absent from the stone formers’ urine, while crystal growth was inhibited to the same extent in both groups (3). The defect in agglomeration inhibition was associated with an abnormally low citrate excretion in the stone former group. Increase in urine citrate content in vitro or in vivo resulted in increased agglomeration inhibition, while crystal growth inhibition remained unaffected (4,5). Thus in urine the processes of crystal growth and crystal agglomeration, although they are both crystal surface related, seem to be affected by different (groups of) compounds. For the present paper we studied the effects of a low and a high molecular weight compound on calcium oxalate crystal growth and agglomeration and their respective relationships to citrate.
Substrate-Independent Approach to Dense Cleavable Polymer Brushes by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (2017)

High grafting density polymer brushes are grown on an inimer coating bearing nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) inimers and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The inimer coating is cross-linked on the substrate to provide an initiator layer with needed stability during long exposure to organic solvents at moderate to high temperatures. Surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization (SI-NMP) is conducted to grow polystyrene (PS) brushes on the coating with a sacrificial layer designed to cleave the brushes. The cleaved brushes have larger molecular weights than the corresponding free polymers. The grafting density of the brushes is as high as 1.12 chains/nm<sup>2</sup> throughout the brush growth, which is among the densest PS brushes reported so far. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling are used to reveal the surface morphology and kinetics of the growth.
SPG10 is a rare cause of spastic paraplegia in European families (2008)

SPG10 accounts for approximately 3% of European autosomal dominant HSP families. All mutations affect the motor domain of kinesin and thus most likely impair axonal transport. Clinically, SPG10 is characterised by spastic paraplegia with mostly subclinical peripheral neuropathy.
Impact of self-steepening on the dynamics of a passively modelocked fiber laser containing a long period fiber grating (2008)

We report on a numerical investigation of the effect of self-steepening on the dynamics of a passively modelocked fiber laser containing a long period fiber grating. The numerical model is based on the normalized complex Ginzburg-Landau equation and the nonlinear coupled mode equations of the grating. The nonlinear dynamics of the laser are observed through plotting the pulse energy against the linearly increasing gain so obtaining bifurcation diagrams. The inclusion of self-steepening was found to result in a temporal walk-off with no significant pulse width or energy alternations, while exhibiting different regions of period doubling bifurcation.
Biocompatibility of a new bone substitute based on polysaccharide gel-coated OsproLife HA/TTCP granules combined with bone marrow concentrate (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression in glomerular endothelial cells by anti-myeloperoxidase antibody (2006)

Background. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) has been implicated in pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. It stimulates primed neutrophils to adhere to glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), thereby releasing reactive oxygen and other toxic substances and ultimately damaging the GECs. Though, a pathogenic role for MPO-ANCA is not fully understood, we hypothesized that MPO-ANCA modulates GEC functions by the increases in expression of adhesion molecules. Methods. A polyclonal rabbit anti-recombinant mouse MPO antibody (anti-rmMPO IgG) was evaluated in mouse GEC (mGEC) for its effect on adhesion molecule expression. The primary culture of mGEC was incubated with anti-rmMPO IgG or isotype control and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analysis and ICAM-1 cell ELISA. Results. The real-time RT–PCR analysis showed that a treatment with 100 μg/ml anti-rmMPO IgG increased the expression of mRNAs for ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin by approximately 12.5, 7.5 and 10.5-fold, respectively. ICAM-1 cell ELISA also substantiated increased expression of ICAM-1. This enhancement of ICAM-1 expression was mediated by the antigen specificity of anti-rmMPO IgG. In addition, there were several proteins in mGEC specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-rmMPO IgG. Conclusions. These results showed that anti-MPO antibody activates not only neutrophils, but also GEC, indicating that anti-rmMPO IgG-induced direct activation of GEC contributes to neutrophil adhesion to GEC, thereby increasing glomerular neutrophil infiltration in initiation and progression of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.
Investigation of the Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Photolyase DNA Recognition Mechanism by NMR Analyses (2004)

The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is one of the major forms of DNA damage caused by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. CPD photolyases recognize and repair UV-damaged DNA. The DNA recognition mechanism of the CPD photolyase has remained obscure because of a lack of structural information about DNA-CPD photolyase complexes. In order to elucidate the CPD photolyase DNA binding mode, we performed NMR analyses of the DNA-CPD photolyase complex. Based upon results from (31)P NMR measurements, in combination with site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated the orientation of CPD-containing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on the CPD photolyase. In addition, chemical shift perturbation analyses, using stable isotope-labeled DNA, revealed that the CPD is buried in a cavity within CPD photolyase. Finally, NMR analyses of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-CPD photolyase complex indicated that the CPD is flipped out of the dsDNA by the enzyme, to gain access to the active site.
Treatment of Systemic Mast-Cell Disease with Cladribine (2001)

To the Editor: Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) is a purine nucleoside analogue with activity against various hematologic cancers.1 Because mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells,2 we evaluated the therapeutic activity of cladribine in a patient with interferon alfa–resistant systemic mast-cell disease. A 57-year-old man was given a diagnosis of systemic mast-cell disease in 1975. At that time, he presented with back pain due to multiple compression fractures of the vertebrae and urticaria pigmentosa. After treatment with spinal irradiation, the course of the patient's illness was indolent, although he continued to have skin lesions. In 1994, he had an episode of . . .
Biological background subtraction improves immunoscintigraphy by subsequent injection of antigen. (1991)

We have developed an 111In-labeled antibody for in vivo use directed against tissue plasminogen activator demonstrating focal fibrinolytic activity. However, a major problem in immunoscintigraphy is the low signal-to-noise ratio due to circulating antibody. The hepatic clearance of t-PA is very rapid. The effect of a subsequent injection of a small amount of t-PA shortly after the antibody administration to increase the blood clearance rate of the formed antigen-antibody complexes was examined in six rabbits. More than 99% of the circulating antigen-antibody complexes were eliminated by the liver within 10 min. This technique could make immunoscintigraphy a first line diagnostic tool in acute medicine including imaging of thromboembolic lesions in organs with high blood volumes such as the lungs, the heart, and the brain.
Epistatic Modifiers Influence the Expression of Continual Flowering in Strawberry (2022)

Summary Previous work within the community led to the identification of a single dominant allele that controls the everbearing trait. However, frequent observations have indicated that crosses do not segregate in a Mendelian fashion, as would be expected for a trait controlled by a single dominant gene. Therefore, it was hypothesised that one or more unidentified epistatic alleles interact with the major gene. A GWAS was conducted on 587 June-bearers and 207 everbearers to assess the genetic components associated with flowering habit. The segregation ratios of parental strawberry lines with known phenotypes were used to validate the identified alleles. Three loci including the known, major FaPFRU locus and two epistatic modifiers were identified. These modifiers function as enhancers of the everbearing trait in individuals containing a single copy of the FaPFRU everbearing allele and appear to be functionally redundant. Principally, heterozygous individuals required the presence of two modifying alleles in order to allow expression of the everbearing trait. Inclusion of the epistatic alleles improved the prediction of everbearing segregation ratios, beyond that of a single allele model, however, a large proportion of the variation remained unexplained. Future work should identify the additional repressor and enhancer modifiers not identified here. Discovering the genetic components controlling the everbearing trait can enable genetic informed strawberry improvement. Society Impact Statement Until the 1970s, the majority of commercial strawberry varieties produced a single bloom of flowers. However, continuously flowering, everbearing strawberries are now routinely cultivated and use is increasing. Indeed, introgression of the everbearing flowering trait can lead to economic benefits for growers through the production of a continual crop from the same plant. Utilising genetic guided improvement has the power to streamline everbearing generation. As such, utilising the genetic markers reported here, can help to identify everbearing individuals at an early time point in the breeding process. Furthermore, these markers can help to improve the predictions of progeny segregation ratios.