gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond spectroscopic study of chlorophyll-based models for the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPicosecond spectroscopic study of chlorophyll-based models for the primary photochemistry of photosynthesisRodney R. Bucks, Thomas L. Netzel, Ichiro Fujita, and Steven G. BoxerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 11, 1947–1955Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100208a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100208a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
I. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): INTRODUCTION AND PEDIATRIC DATA (2013)

This monograph presents the pediatric portion of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) of the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. The NIH Toolbox is an initiative of the Neuroscience Blueprint, a collaborative framework through which 16 NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices jointly support neuroscience-related research, to accelerate discoveries and reduce the burden of nervous system disorders. The CB is one of four modules that measure cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor health across the lifespan. The CB is unique in its continuity across childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and old age, and in order to help create a common currency among disparate studies, it is also available at low cost to researchers for use in large-scale longitudinal and epidemiologic studies. This chapter describes the evolution of the CB; methods for selecting cognitive subdomains and instruments; the rationale for test design; and a validation study in children and adolescents, ages 3-15 years. Subsequent chapters feature detailed discussions of each test measure and its psychometric properties (Chapters 2-6), the factor structure of the test battery (Chapter 7), the effects of age and education on composite test scores (Chapter 8), and a final summary and discussion (Chapter 9). As the chapters in this monograph demonstrate, the CB has excellent psychometric properties, and the validation study provided evidence for the increasing differentiation of cognitive abilities with age.
Evidence on percutaneous radiofrequency and microwave ablation for liver metastases over the last decade (2022)

Comparative studies of local therapies for colorectal liver metastases demonstrated that RFA provides comparable survival outcomes to surgical metastasectomy and stereotactic body radiation therapy.
Hyperplastic Lesions of the Larynx. Experience of the Barcelona Group (1997)

Squamous carcinoma of the larynx arises from pre-existing lesions, the so-called "preneoplastic lesions". Hyperplastic lesions represent a part of their spectrum, from both clinical and biological points of view. On morphologic grounds, the most characteristic feature with prognostic value in the evaluation of preneoplastic lesions is dysplasia. It is not only nuclear alterations that are seen in the process of malignant transformation, the cytoplasmic pattern of cytokeratins changes through neoplastic progression, with a progressive reduction of the molecular weight of the produced species. Dysplasia also associates with gross alterations of the DNA content. This is in agreement with our finding of alterations of genes participating in the control of the cell cycle, p53 and p21(WAF1/cip1). p53 overexpression is detected in non-invasive squamous lesions (even in the absence of obvious dysplasia) and p21(WAF1/cip1) shows a dramatic change in the pattern of expression in dysplastic epithelium compared with the normal. However, not all genes participating in the control of the cell cycle are altered in early lesions. Overexpression of cyclin D1, a common phenomenon in advanced carcinomas, is not likely to participate in the early phases of neoplastic development.
Understanding the Limitations of CNN-based Absolute Camera Pose Regression (2019)

Visual localization is the task of accurate camera pose estimation in a known scene. It is a key problem in computer vision and robotics, with applications including self-driving cars, Structure-from-Motion, SLAM, and Mixed Reality. Traditionally, the localization problem has been tackled using 3D geometry. Recently, end-to-end approaches based on convolutional neural networks have become popular. These methods learn to directly regress the camera pose from an input image. However, they do not achieve the same level of pose accuracy as 3D structure-based methods. To understand this behavior, we develop a theoretical model for camera pose regression. We use our model to predict failure cases for pose regression techniques and verify our predictions through experiments. We furthermore use our model to show that pose regression is more closely related to pose approximation via image retrieval than to accurate pose estimation via 3D structure. A key result is that current approaches do not consistently outperform a handcrafted image retrieval baseline. This clearly shows that additional research is needed before pose regression algorithms are ready to compete with structure-based methods.
EDA challenges and options (2010)

As the overall economy and semiconductor industry emerges from one of the worst recessions in years, it is time to take stock of EDA challenges and its future. This panel will focus on which challenges will surge and dominate EDA over the course of next several years and which challenges we can sell short.
Magnetohydrodynamic pump with a system for promoting flow of fluid in one direction (2023)

A magnetohydrodynamic pump for pumping a fluid. The pump includes a microfluidic channel for channeling the fluid, a MHD electrode/magnet system operatively connected to the microfluidic channel, and a system for promoting flow of the fluid in one direction in the microfluidic channel. The pump has uses in the medical and biotechnology industries for blood-cell-separation equipment, biochemical assays, chemical synthesis, genetic analysis, drug screening, an array of antigen-antibody reactions, combinatorial chemistry, drug testing, medical and biological diagnostics, and combinatorial chemistry. The pump also has uses in electrochromatography, surface micromachining, laser ablation, inkjet printers, and mechanical micromilling.
Top-Gated Indium–Zinc–Oxide Thin-Film Transistors With In Situ Al2O3/HfO2 Gate Oxide (2014)

We report on top-gated indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a 3-nm layer of aluminum between the IZO active layer and high-k HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate insulator. A series of anneals at 300°C was used to convert the Al metal into Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , resulting in high-performance top-gated TFTs. The 8-h-annealed TFT with Al layer has a threshold voltage |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> | <; 0.5 V, an ON/OFF ratio of 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , a subthreshold slope (SS) of 0.14 V/decade, and a saturation mobility μs ~115 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/</sup> V · s in devices with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = 50μm gate length. For smaller devices with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = 5 μm, the threshold voltage and SS are similar, but the ON/OFF ratio and mobility are lower. Cross-sectional TEM images and C-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> characteristics with little hysteresis confirm that the thin Al layer, converted in situ into Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , can protect the IZO channel during processing and produce a good high-k gate-stack.
Phase instabilities in small particles (1990)

Abstract In this review we consider the existing theories for the structure of small particles and the nature of morphological instabilities as the size is reduced. The various electron microscopic observations confirming the stability of a new phase, the so called ‘Multiply twinned structure’, in small particles is discussed. A theoretical model is presented to calculate the free energy surfaces for a series of asymmetric and single crystal structures using a modified Curie-Wulff construction for the surface energy, and a disclination model for the elastic strain energy. Depending on the activation barrier heights and the Boltzmann occupancy factors for the various local minima on the energy surface, the idea of ‘quasi-melting’ is introduced and compared with the structural instabilities in molecular clusters seen recently by various authors using computer simulations. A phase diagram for small particles as a function of size and temperature is presented and the effect of statistical fluctuations on stability is discussed. Finally a phenomenological discussion relating the phase instabilities to various melting and related phase transitions is given.
Learning to Play Chess Selectively by Acquiring Move Patterns (1998)

Human chess players do not perceive a position as a static entity, but as a collection of potential actions. Moreover, they seem to be able to follow promising moves without considering all the alternatives. This contribution investigates the possibi
Own voice qualities (OVQ) in hearing-aid users: There is more than just occlusion (2011)

This suggests that own voice is a potentially important concern, even for hearing-aid users who are not expected to have occlusion-related problems.
Fatigue Behavior of Electrically Conductive Adhesives (2008)

The fatigue behavior of an isotropic conductive adhesive made of epoxy matrix with silver flakes is studied by performing fatigue tests. Repetitive tensile and compressive strains are applied to the conductive adhesive while the electrical resistivity is constantly monitored in situ. It is found that resistivity of the conductive adhesive increases as more fatigue cycles are applied. The electrical resistivity may increase by more than 100% before any visible fracture of the sample can be observed. Based on 100% increase of the resistivity as the electrical failure criterion, the strain amplitude versus number of cycles to electrical failure data can be fitted to a power law model. Experimental results also show that strain amplitude, strain ratio and strain rate all have an effect on the electrical fatigue life of conductive adhesives. Microscopic images of the failed conductive adhesive samples show that electrical failure is caused by the debonding of silver flakes from epoxy matrix. Further examination shows that the debonding typically occurs along the direction of the maximum shear stress.
Comprehensive Definition of the SigH Regulon of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveals Transcriptional Control of Diverse Stress Responses (2016)

Expression of SigH, one of 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis alternative sigma factors, is induced by heat, oxidative and nitric oxide stresses. SigH activation has been shown to increase expression of several genes, including genes involved in maintaining redox equilibrium and in protein degradation. However, few of these are known to be directly regulated by SigH. The goal of this project is to comprehensively define the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes and operons that are directly controlled by SigH in order to gain insight into the role of SigH in regulating M. tuberculosis physiology. We used ChIP-Seq to identify in vivo SigH binding sites throughout the M. tuberculosis genome, followed by quantification of SigH-dependent expression of genes linked to these sites and identification of SigH-regulated promoters. We identified 69 SigH binding sites, which are located both in intergenic regions and within annotated coding sequences in the annotated M. tuberculosis genome. 41 binding sites were linked to genes that showed greater expression following heat stress in a SigH-dependent manner. We identified several genes not previously known to be regulated by SigH, including genes involved in DNA repair, cysteine biosynthesis, translation, and genes of unknown function. Experimental and computational analysis of SigH-regulated promoter sequences within these binding sites identified strong consensus -35 and -10 promoter sequences, but with tolerance for non-consensus bases at specific positions. This comprehensive identification and validation of SigH-regulated genes demonstrates an extended SigH regulon that controls an unexpectedly broad range of stress response functions.
Rough Set Theory for the Treatment of Incomplete Data (2007)

This paper proposes an algorithm based on rough set theory for missing data estimation. This paper also applies a rough set technique for missing data estimation to a large and real database for the first time. It is envisaged in this work that in large databases, it is more likely that the missing values could be correlated to some other variables observed somewhere in the same data. Instead of approximating missing data, it might be cheaper to identify indiscernibility relations between the observed data instances and those that contain missing attributes. Results obtained using the HIV database are acceptable with accuracies ranging from 74.7% to 100%. One drawback of this method is that it makes no extrapolation or interpolation and as a result, can only be used if the missing case is similar or related to another case with more observations.
A High Capacity Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System (1995)

A transcutaneous energy transmission system is described that transmits up to 60 W for use by a mechanical circulatory support system or other internal device. It contains an input power conditioning circuit that permits it to sustain the required output with input voltages ranging from 10 to 16 V. The transcutaneous energy transmission system demonstrated a best overall efficiency of 77% when connected to a resistive load and 74% when connected to a mechanical circulatory support system pumping up to 8.0 L/min to a mock circulation system. These figures included the losses in the conditioning circuit, which, when operated separately, had an efficiency of 94%. By tuning the resonant frequency of the primary, an output with only a 10% variation was achieved with coils separated by between 0 and 25 mm. A model of the inductively coupled resonant circuits was analyzed and a closed form solution obtained that verified the equations reported by Galbraith et al. Additional useful results obtained included an expression for the efficiency of the power transfer through the coupled circuits and the ratio of the current circulating in the primary and secondary coils. These results indicate that information useful for control of the output voltage of the secondary may be available in the primary circuit.
The kinetics of fluoride evaporation from CaF2-SiO2-CaO slags and mold fluxes in dry atmospheres (2002)

The spontaneous evaporation of gases from liquid slags containing fluorine is a major industrial and experimental problem at high temperatures (> 1,273 degrees Kelvin). The kinetics of evaporation of gaseous species from fluorine-containing slags was investigated to develop an understanding of the factors controlling the rate of fluoride evaporation in dry atmospheres at high temperatures. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of slag chemistry and temperature on the rate of fluoride evaporation and to clarify the rate-controlling mechanism. In dry argon atmospheres, CaF 2 -SiO 2 -CaO slags are unstable and SiF 4 gas is released. In commercial mold fluxes, which contain Na 2 O, the gaseous product was NaF(g) and SiF 4 (g). The rate of evaporation depended on the temperature and slag composition. Mold fluxes that contained a high Na 2 O content exhibited the highest rate of weight loss among all specimens tested. Mathematical modeling of the kinetic results suggested that the rate of SiF 4 evaporation from the CaF 2 -SiO 2 -CaO slags is in a mixed control regime where gaseous diffusion and either surface reaction kinetics or mass transfer within the liquid slag both contribute to the overall evaporation rate.
Frequent loss of estrogen receptor-beta expression in prostate cancer. (2001)

The role of estrogen and its receptors in the etiology and progression of prostate cancer (PC) is poorly understood. In normal and malignant human prostate, estrogen receptor-alpha is expressed only in the stroma, whereas estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) is present in both normal stroma and epithelium. Because loss of ERbeta expression is associated with prostate hyperplasia in ERbeta-null mice, this study determined patterns of ERbeta expression in normal, hyperplastic, and malignant human prostate and associations with clinical outcome. Five normal prostates from organ donors and 159 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with clinically localized PC were assessed for ERbeta expression using immunohistochemistry. ERbeta-positivity was defined as > or =5% of cells demonstrating nuclear immunoreactivity. All of the five normal prostates showed strong ERbeta-nuclear staining in >95% of the epithelium and 35% of the stromal cells. The number of ERbeta-positive cases declined to 24.2% (38/157) in hyperplasia adjacent to carcinoma and 11.3% (18/159) in PCs. ERbeta-positivity was related to decreased relapse-free survival (log-rank P = 0.04). Thus, loss of ERbeta expression is associated with progression from normal prostate epithelium to PC, whereas those cancers that retained ERbeta expression were associated with a higher rate of recurrence. These data identify the need to further investigate the potential role of ERbeta in the regulation of prostate epithelial cell proliferation and the functional consequences of decreased ERbeta expression in the evolution of PC.
A Tetrad of Ionizable Amino Acids Is Important for Catalysis in Barley β-Glucanases (1995)

Determination of the crystal structures of a 1,3-beta-D-glucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.39) and a 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.73) from barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Varghese, J.N, Garrett, T. P. J., Colman, P. M., Chen, L., Høj, P. B., and Fincher, G. B. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 2785-2789) showed the spatial positions of the catalytic residues in the substrate-binding clefts of the enzymes and also identified highly conserved neighboring amino acid residues. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 1,3-beta-glucanase has now been used to investigate the importance of these residues. Substitution of glutamine for the catalytic nucleophile Glu231 (mutant E231Q) reduced the specific activity about 20,000-fold. In contrast, substitution of glutamine for the catalytic acid Glu288 (mutant E288Q) had less severe consequences, reducing kcat approximately 350-fold with little effect on Km. Substitution of two neighboring and strictly conserved active site-located residues Glu279 (mutant E279Q) and Lys282 (mutant K282M) led to 240- and 2500-fold reductions of Kcat, respectively, with small increases in Km. Thus, a tetrad of ionizable amino acids is required for efficient catalysis in barley beta-glucanases. The active site-directed inhibitor 2,3-epoxypropyl beta-laminaribioside was soaked into native crystals. Crystallographic refinement revealed all four residues (Glu231, Glu279, Lys282, and Glu288) to be in contact with the bound inhibitor, and the orientation of bound substrate in the active site of the glucanase was deduced.
Detection of human lung epithelial cell growth factors produced by a lung carcinoma cell line: use in culture of primary solid lung tumors. (1987)

Serum-free medium conditioned for 72 h by a human bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of lung, A549-1, stimulated the colony formation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, newly cultured cells from human solid lung tumors, and established human lung tumor cell lines, including A549-1 cells themselves. This activity was concentration dependent and was stable to acid. Growth factors in A549-1 conditioned medium (CM) supported culture of solid lung tumors; primary cell cultures were obtained from nine of 10 solid lung tumors of non-small cell origin and from one small cell tumor using A549-1 CM. In addition, three cell lines have been established to date from these primary cultures. Gel filtration of concentrated A549-1 CM on Biogel P-10 separated the growth promoting activity into four regions of apparent Mr 70,000, 12,000, 8,000, and 6,000, and two broad regions of apparent Mr 3000-5000. All but the 12,000 Mr fraction contained activity which competed for specific binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to A431 cell membranes. CM was superior to both EGF and TGF alpha in stimulating growth of normal and neoplastic lung cells. EGF also was inhibitory to tumor cells while TGF alpha stimulated both normal and tumor cell growth. TGF beta was also found in CM but inhibited normal and neoplastic lung epithelial cell growth. Of other substances tested, ILGF-I stimulated colony formation. The results suggest that autocrine factors may be important in non-small cell lung tumor cell growth and that differences in response to EGF and TGF alpha may provide the basis for selective culturing of normal and neoplastic lung epithelial cells.