gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through colonisation of the gut with Escherichia coli (2020)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults. It is characterised by the development of demyelinating lesions and inflammation within the CNS. Although the causes of MS are still elusive, recent work using patient samples and experimental animal models has demonstrated a strong relationship between the gut microbiota and its contribution to CNS inflammation and MS. While there is no cure for MS, alteration of the gut microbiota composition through the use of probiotics is a very promising treatment. However, while most recent works have focused on the use of probiotics to modify pre-existing disease, little is known about its role in protecting from the establishment of MS. In this study, we determined whether colonisation with the probiotic bacterium <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) could be used as a prophylactic strategy to prevent or alter the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS. We found that double gavage (two doses) of EcN before induction of EAE delayed disease onset and decreased disease severity. We also found that EcN-treated mice had decreased amounts of perivascular cuffing, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration into the CNS, together with significantly decreased absolute numbers of Th1 cells, and reduced activation of microglia. Although further studies are necessary to comprehend the exact protective mechanisms induced, our study supports a promising use of EcN as a probiotic for the prevention of MS.
A mobile application framework for the geospatial web (2007)

In this paper we present an application framework that leverages geospatial content on the World Wide Web by enabling innovative modes of interaction and novel types of user interfaces on advanced mobile phones and PDAs. We discuss the current development steps involved in building mobile geospatial Web applications and derive three technological pre-requisites for our framework: spatial query operations based on visibility and field of view, a 2.5D environment model, and a presentationindependent data exchange format for geospatial query results. We propose the Local Visibility Model as a suitable XML-based candidate and present a prototype implementation.
Photoluminescence of nc-Si:Er thin films obtained by physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques: The effects of microstructure and chemical composition (2009)

Erbium doped nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:Er) thin films were produced by reactive magnetron rf sputtering and by Er ion implantation into chemical vapor deposited Si films. The structure and chemical composition of films obtained by the two approaches were studied by micro-Raman scattering, spectroscopic ellipsometry and Rutherford backscattering techniques. Variation of deposition parameters was used to deposit films with different crystalline fraction and crystallite size. Photoluminescence measurements revealed a correlation between film microstructure and the Er 3+ photoluminescence efficiency.
Functional imbalance of visual pathways indicates alternative face processing strategies in autism (2003)

The cortical activation pattern during face processing indicates deficits in the face-specific regions, with higher activations in regions involved in visual search. These findings reflect different strategies for visual processing, supporting models that propose a predisposition to local rather than global modes of information processing in autism.
On Generation of Photons Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum in the Helical Undulator (2011)

We analyze properties of electromagnetic radiation in helical undulators with a particular emphasis on orbital angular momentum of the radiated photons. We demonstrate that all harmonics higher than the first one radiated in a helical undulator carry an angular momentum. We discuss some possible applications of this phenomenon and the ways of effective generation of these photons in a helical undulator. We call for review of results of experiments performed where the higher harmonics radiated in a helical undulator might be involved.
Oxidation of p-Methylbenzyl Radical and p-Xylylene (1965)

The fractional conversion to p-methylbenzyl radicals by fast flow pyrolysis of p-xylene at low pressure is given explicitly in terms of the pyrolysis temperature and residence time. The fractional conversion of these monoradicals to p-xylylene is given in terms of the pressure and the surface to volume ratio in the post pyrolysis zone. These reactive species can be oxidized to p-toluic acid and/or terephthalic acid by injecting oxidizing species at the appropriate point along the pyrolysis stream. The overall conversion of p-xylene to carboxylic acids per pass is equal to the thermal conversion of p-xylene to p-methylbenzyl radicals. This upper bound on yield per pass can be increased significantly by induced thermal decomposition of the feed stock using thermally unstable additives.
Oral Drug Delivery: Oral Delivery of Biologics for Precision Medicine (Adv. Mater. 13/2020) (2020)

Precision medicine has led to the identification of new biological drugs and targets for personalized treatments. A limitation of biological drugs relies on their difficulties for overcoming biological barriers. However, recent developments on drug delivery are opening new avenues that may soon make feasible the oral administration of biologics. In article number 1901935, María José Alonso and co-workers provide an overview of the current situation, future prospects, barriers to clinical translation, and identified opportunities for advancement in this field.
A Compact <italic>Ka</italic>-Band Integrated Doherty Amplifier With Reconfigurable Input Network (2018)

In this paper, we present the design of an ultracompact monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit Doherty power amplifier (DPA) using a novel reconfigurable input network at Ka-band. The proposed input network is formed by a compact broadside coupler and two additional field-effect transistors. By reconfiguring the relative phase offset between the main and auxiliary amplifiers, the DPA can be postoptimized to achieve high efficiency and maximal power gain flatness. More importantly, the DPA can be tuned for the highest performance at different frequencies. To verify the concept, a DPA is fabricated in a 0.15-μm enhancement mode Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) process and exhibits a measured output power of 26.5 dBm and gain of 11.8 dB at 28 GHz. The peak power-added efficiency (PAE) is 42%, and the PAE at 6-dB output power backoff (PBO) is 31%, respectively. With reconfigurable capability, the DPA can maintain high performance over a 3-GHz frequency band from 26.5 to 29.5 GHz. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed DPA achieves among the highest backoff PAE over a wide bandwidth at Ka-band.
A classification and comparison framework for software architecture description languages (2000)

Software architectures shift the focus of developers from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their overall interconnection structure. Architecture description languages (ADLs) have been proposed as modeling notations to support architecture-based development. There is, however, little consensus in the research community on what is an ADL, what aspects of an architecture should be modeled in an ADL, and which of several possible ADLs is best suited for a particular problem. Furthermore, the distinction is rarely made between ADLs on one hand and formal specification, module interconnection, simulation and programming languages on the other. This paper attempts to provide an answer to these questions. It motivates and presents a definition and a classification framework for ADLs. The utility of the definition is demonstrated by using it to differentiate ADLs from other modeling notations. The framework is used to classify and compare several existing ADLs, enabling us, in the process, to identify key properties of ADLs. The comparison highlights areas where existing ADLs provide extensive support and those in which they are deficient, suggesting a research agenda for the future.
The physical stability of suspension concentrates with particular reference to pharmaceutical and pesticide formulations (1989)

Abstract The word stability is ubiquitous in colloid science but means different things to different people. In a suspension concentrate it is possible to identify three different physical processes which may lead to instability in a particulate system, namely a change in particle size due to Ostwald ripening, particle aggregation and particle sedimentation. Although these processes may occur simultaneously they are here treated separately in order to promote understanding of the physical forces involved.
Injectable nanosilica–chitosan microparticles for bone regeneration applications (2017)

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. The microparticles were prepared by simple coacervation technique and silica nanopowder was added at 0% (C), 2.5% (S1), 5% (S2) and 10% (S3) (w/w) to chitosan. We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications.
Design, Structure−Activity Relationships and in Vivo Characterization of 4-Amino-3-benzimidazol-2-ylhydroquinolin-2-ones: A Novel Class of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2008)

The inhibition of key receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are implicated in tumor vasculature formation and maintenance, as well as tumor progression and metastasis, has been a major focus in oncology research over the last several years. Many potent small molecule inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) kinases have been evaluated. More recently, compounds that act through the complex inhibition of multiple kinase targets have been reported and may exhibit improved clinical efficacy. We report herein a series of potent, orally efficacious 4-amino-3-benzimidazol-2-ylhydroquinolin-2-one analogues as inhibitors of VEGF, PDGF, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor tyrosine kinases. Compounds in this class, such as 5 (TKI258), are reversible ATP-competitive inhibitors of VEGFR-2, FGFR-1, and PDGFRbeta with IC(50) values <0.1 microM. On the basis of its favorable in vitro and in vivo properties, compound 5 was selected for clinical evaluation and is currently in phase I clinical trials.
DNA damage inhibits proteolysis of the B-type cyclin Clb5 in S. cerevisiae (1997)

Cell cycle progression is mediated by waves of specific cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) in all eukaryotes. Cyclins are degraded by the ubiquitin pathway of proteolysis. The recent identification of several components of the cyclin proteolysis machinery has highlighted both the importance of proteolysis at multiple transition points in the cell cycle and the involvement of other substrates degraded by the same machinery. In this study, we have investigated the effects of DNA damage on the cyclin proteolytic machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that the half-life of the B-type cyclin Clb5 is markedly increased following DNA damage while that of G1 cyclins is not. This effect is independent of cell cycle phase. Clb5 turnover requires p34CDC28 activity. Stabilisation of Clb5 correlates with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of p34CDC28, but stabilisation does not require this tyrosine phosphorylation. The stabilisation is independent of the checkpoint genes Mec1 and Rad53. These observations establish a new link between the regulation of proteolysis and DNA damage.
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of a Spray Fluidized Bed Granulator (2018)

In this present work, a study of the modelling and simulation for a top-sprayed fluidized bed granulator (SFBG) is presented, which is substantially used by the pharmaceutical industry to prepare granules. The idea is to build a number-based mathematical model using the notion of population balances by dividing a top SFBG into two different zones, namely the wet zone and dry zone. To solve a two-compartment model, an existing accurate and efficient finite volume scheme is implemented. In order to validate the compartmental model, a new class of analytical moments is derived corresponding to various combinations of aggregation and breakage kernels. To verify the accuracy of a modified finite volume scheme, the zeroth and first order moments computed using the finite volume scheme are compared with the newly-derived analytical results. Moreover, the stability of the compartmental model and the numerical scheme is tested by varying the size of the wet zone. It is also shown that the relative errors in both order moments increase with the increase in the size of the wet zone.
The Applicability of Combustion Modeling and Diagnostics—Observations, Issues and Outlook (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Issues surrounding the applicability of combustion modeling and diagnostics (CMD) to engine combustion system development, and to the advancement of engine technology as a whole, are systematically reviewed. The unique technical aspects of the environment in which CMD must function are identified, thereby providing a basis for assessing the applicability of CMD to the very particular needs of combustion system research, development and engineering activities. The major obstacles which inhibit the effective use of CMD techniques are discussed and a set of general, technical and organizational recommendations is developed which points towards ways of realizing the full current and future potential of this methodology.&lt;/div&gt;
A critique of pure learning and what artificial neural networks can learn from animal brains (2019)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have undergone a revolution, catalyzed by better supervised learning algorithms. However, in stark contrast to young animals (including humans), training such networks requires enormous numbers of labeled examples, leading to the belief that animals must rely instead mainly on unsupervised learning. Here we argue that most animal behavior is not the result of clever learning algorithms-supervised or unsupervised-but is encoded in the genome. Specifically, animals are born with highly structured brain connectivity, which enables them to learn very rapidly. Because the wiring diagram is far too complex to be specified explicitly in the genome, it must be compressed through a "genomic bottleneck". The genomic bottleneck suggests a path toward ANNs capable of rapid learning.
Anharmonicity and Disorder in the Black Phases of Cesium Lead Iodide Used for Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites emerged as a new generation of absorber materials for high-efficiency low-cost solar cells in 2009. Very recently, fully inorganic perovskite quantum dots also led to promising efficiencies, making them a potentially stable and efficient alternative to their hybrid cousins. Currently, the record efficiency is obtained with CsPbI<sub>3</sub>, whose crystallographical characterization is still limited. Here, we show through high-resolution in situ synchrotron XRD measurements that CsPbI<sub>3</sub> can be undercooled below its transition temperature and temporarily maintained in its perovskite structure down to room temperature, stabilizing a metastable perovskite polytype (black γ-phase) crucial for photovoltaic applications. Our analysis of the structural phase transitions reveals a highly anisotropic evolution of the individual lattice parameters versus temperature. Structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of all the experimentally observed black phases are further inspected based on several theoretical approaches. Whereas the black γ-phase is shown to behave harmonically around equilibrium, for the tetragonal phase, density functional theory reveals the same anharmonic behavior, with a Brillouin zone-centered double-well instability, as for the cubic phase. Using total energy and vibrational entropy calculations, we highlight the competition between all the low-temperature phases of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> (γ, δ, β) and show that avoiding the order-disorder entropy term arising from double-well instabilities is key to preventing the formation of the yellow perovskitoid phase. A symmetry-based tight-binding model, validated by self-consistent GW calculations including spin-orbit coupling, affords further insight into their electronic properties, with evidence of Rashba effect for both cubic and tetragonal phases when using the symmetry-breaking structures obtained through frozen phonon calculations.
An unusual enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma with MYC translocation arising in a Japanese patient: A case report (2012)

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma classified into 2 types, with or without celiac disease, based on histology. Type 2 EATL is less commonly associated with celiac disease, in which cells are characterized by being monomorphic and small- to medium-sized. Cells are characterized by CD8 and CD56 expression and c-MYC oncogene locus gain. We present an atypical case of type 2 EATL in the jejunum, with human T-lymphotropic virus-1 that was CD4- CD8+ CD56- CD30- CD25- TIA-1+ and granzyme B+ on immunohistological staining. It also displayed translocation of chromosome 8p24 (c-MYC), as determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Mucosal spreading and intraepithelial invasion by lymphoma with villous atrophy were detected adjacent to the mucosal layer. The lymphoma may be derived from intraepithelial CD8+ T cells, similar to celiac disease.
Platinum(II) Complexes with Sterically Expansive Tetraarylethylene Ligands as Probes for Mismatched DNA (2018)

Deficiencies in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) machinery result in greater incidence of DNA base pair mismatches in many types of cancer cells relative to normal cells. Consequently, luminescent probes capable of signaling the presence of mismatched DNA hold promise as potential cancer diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In this study, a series of cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with sterically expansive tetraarylethylene ligands were synthesized and examined for selective detection of mismatched DNA. Increased steric bulk of the tetraarylethylene ligands in these complexes was observed to correlate with greater preferential luminescence enhancement in the presence of hairpin DNA oligonucleotides containing a mismatched site compared to well-matched oligonucleotides, with the most effective complex displaying ∼14-fold higher emission upon binding CC mismatched oligonucleotides compared to well-matched oligonucleotides. The results indicate binding to mismatched sites in DNA oligonucleotides occurs through metalloinsertion, and the luminescence response increases as a function of thermodynamic destabilization of the mismatch. Luminescence quenching experiments with Cu(phen)<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> and NaI further indicate mismatch binding from the minor groove, consistent with metalloinsertion. Binding to CC mismatched oligonucleotides was also investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and UV-melting studies. These results demonstrate the efficacy of tetraarylethylene-based platinum(II) complexes for detection of mismatched DNA and establish a new molecular platform for development of organometallic DNA binding agents.
Development of Parameters for Dynamic Modeling of Underground Haulage Vehicles (2016)

To address concerns of how mobile proximity detection systems will adapt to underground mobile haulage vehicles, researchers have collected and categorized data on the parameters of 145 mine haulage vehicles in 5 categories including load-haul-dump, shuttle car, roof bolter, haul truck, and mobile coal haulage (face drill, production drill, and others.) Statistical methods were used to determine the appropriate representative vehicle for each category. These representative vehicles’ parameters and characteristics could then be used to develop a dynamic model that predicts their dynamic behavior on an underground haulageway surface. These models can be used in conjunction with worker escapability data and/or interaction with other vehicles to provide insight as to whether or not the proximity detection systems will be adequate for the underground mining workplace.
ChemInform Abstract: Additional Data on the Synthesis and Properties of Chiral 1,2‐Bis(phosphetano)benzenes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reconstruction for Gated Dynamic Cardiac PET Imaging Using a Tensor Product Spline Basis (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A maximum likelihood reconstruction algorithm for gated dynamic cardiac PET studies was developed and evaluated. A two dimensional tensor product spline basis spanning the time and gate domain is proposed. The activity variations introduced by the biochemical kinetics and cardiac motion are modeled as conic combinations of the B-spline basis functions. The basis explicitly takes the cyclic nature of the heart motion into account. We make use of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to derive a closed form iteration scheme for the reconstruction. The proposed algorithm is validated through computer simulations of the dynamic NCAT beating heart phantom and the kinetics of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$^{13}{\rm N}$</tex></formula>-ammonia uptake. We used the Monte Carlo simulator GATE to simulate a typical PET scanner. We qualitatively found that a reconstruction using cubic splines resulted in smoother images while better delineating the myocardial wall. Fourth order spline modeling reduced the mean squared error (MSE) of binned reconstruction by 56% whereas conventional Gaussian filtering reduced the MSE by 38%. Spline modeling in the gate domain reduced the MSE by 72% compared to a reduction of 47% obtained with filtering. Quantitative evaluation of the reconstructed motion information suggested that the number of basis functions in the gate domain could be reduced from 16 in a framed approach to 5 for reconstructions using a higher order spline interpolation. </para>
A necessary and sufficient condition for partition testing to be better than random testing (2002)

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for partition testing to be better than random testing. A simple strategy is given to maximize the probability of success of partition testing.