gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Data on Agents and Their Associations: A Simulation and Graph Theoretic Approach (2013)

Data on the entire population is almost never publicly available. Moreover, there is an alarming trend of discontinuing the exercise of conducting full Census in many countries (Belgium, Switzerland, etc.). In this context, population synthesis techniques have been developed for policy analysis and forecasting. Currently, the focus is on treating synthesis as a fitting problem. For instance, Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF) and Combinatorial Optimization based techniques. The key shortcomings of fitting based procedures include: a) synthesis of only one weighting scheme, while there can be many solutions b) due to cloning rather than true synthesis of the population, losing the heterogeneity that may not have been captured in the microdata c) over reliance on the accuracy of the data to determine the cloning weights d) poor scalability and convergence with respect to the increase in number of attributes of the synthesized agents. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we propose a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation based approach. Partial views of the joint distribution of agentÂ¹s attributes that are available from various data sources can be used to simulate draws from the original distribution. The problem of association of different types of agents (person-households) is then treated as a maximum weight problem of a bipartite graph. The real population from Swiss census is used to compare the performance of simulation based synthesis with the standard IPF. The standard root mean square error statistics indicated that even the worst case simulation based synthesis (SRMSE=0.35) outperformed the best case IPF synthesis (SRMSE=0.64).
An Open-Resonator Sensor for Measuring the Dielectric Properties of Antarctic Ice (2019)

In this paper, the theory behind the design of a microwave sensor for the accurate measurement of firn complex permittivity is presented. This class of microwave sensors, based on the open-coaxial re-entrant cavity method, is specifically designed to measure, by means of a simple and quick procedure, the complex permittivity profile of low loss materials. A calibration procedure is introduced to derive the complex permittivity of the material under measurement (MUM). Two specimens of this class of microwave sensors have been realized to sample the complex permittivity profile of a 106-m long ice core drilled from the Antarctic plateau at Concordia Station. The preliminary results of the on site measurement campaign are reported, showing very good agreement with theoretical models available in the literature.
Unimicellar hyperstars as multi-antigen cancer nanovaccines displaying clustered epitopes of immunostimulating peptides (2018)

Unimicellar hyperstar macromolecular chimeras displaying multiple melanoma peptide antigens were prepared primarily via a combination of click chemistry and esterification reactions starting from a biodegradable hyperbranched polymer template. Solubilization of the hyperstars in aqueous solution afforded a multi-antigen unimicellar cancer nanovaccine of about 20 nm. The nanovaccine showed good biocompatibility and uptake by dendritic cells in vitro. An in vivo evaluation of the nanovaccine therapeutic efficacy against melanoma in mice implanted with B16OVA tumors revealed significantly greater T-cell recruitment and improved survival rates for mice treated with nanovaccine and adjuvant compared to non-treated mice.
A Versatile Planar QCM-Based Sensor Design for Nonlabeling Biomolecule Detection (2002)

Despite high theoretical sensitivity, low-cost manufacture, and compactness potentially amenable to lab-on-a-chip use, practical hurdles have stymied the application of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for aqueous applications such as detection of biomolecular interactions. The chief difficulty lies in achieving a sufficiently stable resonance signal in the presence of even minute fluctuations in hydrostatic pressure. In this work, we present a novel versatile planar sensor chip design (QCM chip) for a microliter-scale on-line biosensor. By sealing the quartz resonator along its edges to a flat, solid support, we provide uniform support for the crystal face not exposed to solvent, greatly decreasing deformation of the crystal resonator under hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, this cassette design obviates the need for direct handling when exchanging the delicate quartz crystal in the flow cell. A prototype 27-MHz sensor signal exhibited very low noise over a range of flow rates up to 100 microL/min. In contrast, signals obtained from a conventional QCM sensor employing an O-ring-based holder were less stable and deteriorated even further with increasing flow rate. Additional control designs with intermediate amounts of unsupported undersurface yielded intermediate levels of stability, consistent with the interpretation that deformation of the crystal resonator under fluctuating hydraulic pressure is the chief source of noise. As a practical demonstration of the design's high effective sensitivity, we readily detected interaction between myoglobin and surface-bound antibody.
User Acceptance of Information Technology: Theories and Models (1996)

Cet article traite de l'acceptation des utilisateurs des technologies de l'information mais aussi de la resistance de certains utilisateurs pour la conception et l'implementation des technologies de l'information. Apres une definition de la notion de l'acceptation par l'utilisateur, plusieurs approches theoriques sont examinees : la theorie de la diffusion innovation, la comprehension de la psychologie de l'acceptation de l'utilisateur, la conception de la technologie acceptable et les interactions homme-machine
Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: using transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate motor overflow (2006)

community mental health clinicians as advocates for their pregnant clients, has been developed. Additional outcomes include an education package to up-skill clinicians in using the resource, a surveillance system to identify at-risk cases and an information system to enable evaluation of the impact on obstetric and child health outcomes. Conclusion: This primary preventive intervention has the potential to signifi cantly improve obstetric and neonatal outcomes for this high-risk cohort.
Novel Electron Acceptors Bearing a Heteroquinonoid System III: 2,5-Bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,5-dihydrofuran and Its Conjugated Homologues as Novel Oxygen-Containing Electron Acceptors (1990)

Abstract 2,5-Bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,5-dihydrofuran with a 2,5-furanoquinonoid skeleton and its extensive conjugated homologues, 5,5′-bis(dicyanomethylene)-5,5′-dihydro-Δ2,2′-bifuran (8a), and 5,5″-bis(dicyanomethylene)-5,5″-dihydro-Δ2,2′:5′,2″-terfuran (12a), have been prepared as a new type of oxygen-containing electron acceptors. In the synthetic course of the tetrabromo derivative of 12a, 3′,4-dibromo-5-(3,5-dibromo-2-furyl)-3,5′-bis(dicyanomethylene)-3,5′-dihydro-Δ2,2′-bifuran was also obtained as an unsymmetrical isomer possessing an unusual 2,3-furanoquinonoid conjugation, whose structure was confirmed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analysis. In addition, X-ray analysis of the TTF complex of 8a revealed that the bifuranoquinonoid conjugation has a trans form. These furanoquinonoid compounds behaved as weak electron acceptors, and accordingly failed to form conductive complexes. However, the 3,3′-dibromo derivative of 8a gave the TTT complex of a very high electrical conductivity.
Preparation of CaCO3/Al(OH)3 Composites via Heterogeneous Nucleation (2023)

As one of the most widely used inorganic fine powder fillers, calcium carbonate is cheap. However, considering its poor light transmittance, it is not suitable to be added to resin matrix composites that require high light transmittance. Aluminum hydroxide has good light transmission and flame retardancy, but it is more expensive than calcium carbonate. CaCO<sub>3</sub>/Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> composites with a core-shell structure that showed a trend toward the performance of aluminum hydroxide not only improved the surface properties of CaCO<sub>3</sub>, but also increased the added value of CaCO<sub>3</sub>. In the present paper, CaCO<sub>3</sub>/Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> composites were successfully prepared in sodium aluminate solution via heterogeneous nucleation. Four types of calcium sources, including calcite-type precipitated calcium carbonate, vaterite-type precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate with two different particle sizes as the precursors and supersaturated sodium aluminate solution as the substrate, have been deeply investigated in terms of their influence on the preparation of CaCO<sub>3</sub>/Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> composites. Results showed that the calcium carbonate precursor greatly affected the formation of CaCO<sub>3</sub>/Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> composites. Both the precipitated calcium carbonate and the small particle ground calcium carbonate are likely to undergo anti-causticization and a complexation reaction with it to generate 3CaO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O and 3CaO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·CaCO<sub>3</sub>·11H<sub>2</sub>O, which go against the coating of calcium carbonate with aluminum hydroxide. Within the experimental range, the use of ground calcium carbonate with a particle size of 400-500 mesh is more suitable as a precursor for the preparation of core-shell CaCO<sub>3</sub>/Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> composites.
A secure e-mail protocol using ID-based FNS multicast mechanism (2014)

Electronic mail (e-mail) has been used to transfer various types of electronic data in Internet. Usually, a user has to send an e-mail to a specific group of users with a secure delivery mechanism. In this paper, a novel and feasible e-mail delivery mechanism using the secure multicast protocol with an ID-based factorial number structure (FNS) is proposed in the multicast system. In the proposed e-mail delivery mechanism, the e-mail is required to be encrypted before sending out in order to safeguard the message via a public channel, such as wire public switching communication links and wireless communication systems. Without loss generality, the public-key system is adopted in the proposed secure multicast system for a convenient and easy key management. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing methods for more easily to construct secure e-mail system. Furthermore, the security of the proposed scheme is analyzed, including replay attack, sender impersonation attack, unknown key-share attack, forgery attack and insider attack. Finally, the computation complexities of the proposed mechanism are discussed. The result shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the CRT-based secure e-mail scheme.
The Interfacial Behaviour of Sorbitan Surfactant Monolayers and the Bulk Properties of These Surfactants as a Function of Temperature (2001)

The aims of this study were to determine the structural effects of both the hydrocarbon chain structure of the sorbitan surfactants and of the oil phase hydrocarbon on the interfacial behaviour of these surfactants.The effect of molecular structure of surface-active agents on the interfacial phenomena in emulsions and other pharmaceuticals is an area of current interest.Many important processes and products are based on the fundamental interactions occurring in this interfacial area.For example, the stability of particle dispersions, emulsions, and a number of other pharmaceutical product forms depend on the stability of the interfacial films within these systems.In this study, the interfacial behaviour of sorbitan surfactants with different alkyl chain structures (sorbitan monolaurate, Span 20, sorbitan monopalmitate, Span 40, sorbitan monostearate, Span 60, and sorbitan monooleate, Span 80) at liquid-air, liquid-liquid, and solid-air interfaces was evaluated.Seven different straight-chained alkanes from pentane to dodecane were tested as an oil phase during the oil-water measurements.Water-air measurements were carried out with a Langmuir-Blodgett instrument with a platinum Wilhelmy plate, water-oil measurements with Du Noy ring method, and solid-air measurements with ellipsometry.The bulk surfactants were analysed with x-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The effect of temperature was evaluated both on the bulk material by XRD (2-57C) and DSC (22-60C) analysis, and on the monolayers at water-air interface (22-42C).Both the lengthening of the hydrocarbon chain of the sorbitan surfactant and the structure of the hydrocarbon chain in oil phase had marked effects on the interfacial properties.The Span 60 monolayers, the surfactant with the longest hydrocarbon chain, formed the most stabile and condensed monolayers.The shortening of the hydrocarbon chain, the presence of double bond in the hydrocarbon chain, and the increase in temperature caused more expanded monolayers, and at the same time the crystallinity of the surfactants was lowered.As the molecular weight of the hydrocarbon in the oil phase was increased, the molecular area was decreased, the interfacial tension was increased, the surface pressure at cmc was lowered, the free energy of adsorption was less negative, and the formation of micelles from the adsorbed surfactant molecules was more hindered.It was obvious that the Span 60 monolayers were the most stabile and condensed at both the room and body temperatures, and also in the liquid-air, liquidliquid and solid-air interfaces.The differences between the behaviour of Span 60 monolayers at room temperature compared to body temperature were small.Therefore, Span 60 is the most promising surfactant for further research for pharmaceutical applications.
Doping Magnesium Hydroxide with Sodium Nitrate: A New Approach to Tune the Dehydration Reactivity of Heat-Storage Materials (2014)

Thermochemical energy storage (TES) provides a challenging approach for improving the efficiency of various energy systems. Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, is known as a suitable material for TES at temperature T>300 °C. In this work, the thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)2 in the absence and presence of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is investigated to adapt this material for TES at T<300 °C. The most notable observations described for the doped Mg(OH)2 are (1) a significant reduction of the decomposition temperature Td that allows tuning the dehydration reactivity by varying the NaNO3 content. The Td decrease by 25 °C is revealed at a salt content Y≤2.0 wt %. The maximum Td depression of some 50 °C is observed at Y=15-20 wt %; (2) the NaNO3-doped Mg(OH)2 decomposes considerably faster under conditions typical for closed TES cycles (at T>300 °C in vapor atmosphere) than a pure Mg(OH)2; (3) the morphology of the dehydration product (MgO) dramatically changes. Differential scanning calorimetry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman) are used to study the observed effects and to elucidate possible ways the NaNO3 influences the Mg(OH)2 dehydration and morphology of the dehydration product. The mechanism involving a chemical interaction between the salt and the hydroxide accompanied by nitrate embedding into brucite layers is discussed.
Electrochemical energy storage materials and systems: insights from in situ and operando diffraction (2017)

Insights regarding the function of electrochemical energy storage materials and systems gained from insitu and operando diffraction measurements will be the focus of this presentation. Complementary spectroscopy and ex-situ measurements will also be discussed. Diffraction measurements can track the progress of conversion reactions in which the crystallographic structure of the active material changes as a result of the redox process. For electrochemical energy storage materials which undergo insertion (i.e. (de)lithiation) with retention of the parent structure, diffraction measurements can also provide important information. The opportunity for visualization of structural evolution and locational differences within a bulk electrode can provide particular insight regarding the functional capacity of energy storage systems with implications for utilization of energy storage materials. In this presentation, we will strive to present progress to date in each of these areas.
On the security of transmissions over fading wiretap channels in realistic conditions (2017)

Transmissions over the wiretap channel have been studied for a long time from the information theory standpoint. This has allowed to assess the secrecy performance against eavesdropping while ensuring reliable transmission towards the legitimate receiver. However, most previous studies rely on a number of assumptions which are far from practical wireless communications, like infinite length codewords, random coding, discrete channels or continuous channels with Gaussian signaling. In this paper, we show how the level of security at the physical layer can be assessed from the information theoretic standpoint while taking into account the constraints of practical transmissions over realistic wireless wiretap channels, i.e., by considering practical codes with finite length, discrete modulation formats and continuous channels with fading. For this purpose, we consider the notion of mutual information security, which is provably equivalent to semantic security. Our target is to show that classical and already implemented coding and modulation schemes can be used to achieve some level of security at the physical layer, opposed to approaches resorting to completely new designs tailored to secure transmissions. To corroborate this thesis, we consider some coding and modulation schemes compliant with the IEEE 802.16e (WiMax) standard and show how they can be used to achieve some given security level.
Kernel Pooling for Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Bilinear Pooling, initially in their full form and later using compact representations, have yielded impressive performance gains on a wide range of visual tasks, including fine-grained visual categorization, visual question answering, face recognition, and description of texture and style. The key to their success lies in the spatially invariant modeling of pairwise (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> order) feature interactions. In this work, we propose a general pooling framework that captures higher order interactions of features in the form of kernels. We demonstrate how to approximate kernels such as Gaussian RBF up to a given order using compact explicit feature maps in a parameter-free manner. Combined with CNNs, the composition of the kernel can be learned from data in an end-to-end fashion via error back-propagation. The proposed kernel pooling scheme is evaluated in terms of both kernel approximation error and visual recognition accuracy. Experimental evaluations demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on commonly used fine-grained recognition datasets.
A novel method of time series analysis, and an application to the study of human sleep electroencephalogram (1998)

A new mathematical method was developed to analyze time series. Applications of this method to the delta component of all-night sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed new variations with double-rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep interval. The proposed method entails repeated application of the least squares spectrum. First, the conventional least squares spectrum calculation is applied to the time series. Using the parameters of the peak components in the obtained spectrum, an intermediate time series is reconstructed. The residual time series is made by subtracting the intermediate time series from the previous time series. Next, the least squares calculation is again applied to the residual time series. These procedures are repeated until the component cannot be detected. We named this new method the Repeated Least Squares Spectrum for the Residual (RLSSR). The remarkably similar time series pattern to the original time series can be reconstructed using the obtained parameters of all components. The EEG was recorded during all-night sleep on five consecutive nights in five healthy adults, by a total of 25 recordings. The variations of the height of successive 1-min delta components in the EEG were analyzed. In addition, two autocorrelograms were made for two time series patterns. These were reconstructed from two specific sets of the components obtained by the proposed analysis method. These autocorrelograms demonstrated a long-span variation with near double-REM-sleep interval in not a few records. Based on these data, it appears that the delta component of sleep EEG does not always demonstrate a simple gradually decreasing trend.
Heme Arginate Pretreatment Attenuates Pulmonary NF-&#954;B and AP-1 Activation Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock via Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction (2006)

Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (HSR) induces oxidative stress that leads to acute lung injury. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, is induced by oxidative stress and is thought to play an important role in the protection from oxidative tissue injuries. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 induction by heme arginate (HA), a strong inducer of HO-1, ameliorated HSR-induced lung injury and inflammation. Cellular redox state is known to modulate the DNA biding activity of the transcription factors; nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). In the present study, we treated rats with HA (30 mg/kg of hemin) 18 h prior to HSR and examined its effect on the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1 at 1.5 h after HSR. HSR significantly increased the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB as well as AP-1, while HA pretreatment markedly attenuated the activities of these transcription factors. In contrast, administration of tin mesoporphyrin, a specific competitive inhibitor of HO activity, to HA-pretreated animals abolished the suppressive effect of HA on the activities of NF-kappaB and AP-1, and increased these activities to almost the same level as those in HSR animals. Our findings indicate that HA pretreatment can significantly suppress the increased activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1 induced by HSR by virtue of its ability to induce HO-1. Our findings also suggest that HO-1 induced by HA pretreatment ameliorates HSR-induced lung injury at least in part mediated through the suppression of the activities of these transcription factors.
Cell Cycle Regulation of Histone H4 Gene Transcription Requires the Oncogenic Factor IRF-2 (1998)

Histone genes display a peak in transcription in early S phase and are ideal models for cell cycle-regulated gene expression. We have previously shown that the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF-2) can activate histone H4 gene expression. In this report we establish that a mouse histone H4 gene and its human homolog lose stringent cell cycle control in synchronized embryonic fibroblasts in which IRF-2 has been ablated. We also show that there are reduced mRNA levels of this endogenous mouse histone H4 gene in the IRF-2(-/-) cells. Strikingly, the overall mRNA level and cell cycle regulation of histone H4 transcription are restored when IRF-2 is reintroduced to these cells. IRF-2 is a negative regulator of the interferon response and has oncogenic potential, but little is known of the mechanism of these activities. Our results suggest that IRF-2 is an active player in E2F-independent cell cycle-regulated gene expression at the G1/S phase transition. IRF-2 was previously considered a passive antagonist to the tumor suppressor IRF-1 but can now join other oncogenic factors such as c-Myb and E2F1 that are predicted to mediate their transforming capabilities by actively regulating genes necessary for cell cycle progression.