gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface, Interface, and Bulk Electronic and Chemical Properties of Complete Perovskite Solar Cells: Tapered Cross-Section Photoelectron Spectroscopy, a Novel Solution (2020)

The surface, interface, and bulk properties are a few of the most critical factors that influence the performance of perovskite solar cells. The photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is used as a technique to analyze these properties. However, the information depth of PES is limited to 10-20 nm, which makes it not suitable to study the complete devices, which have a thickness of ∼1 μm. Here, we introduce a novel and simple technique of PES on a tapered cross section (TCS-PES). It provides both lateral and vertical resolutions compared to the conventional PES so that it is suitable to study a complete perovskite solar cell. It offers many benefits over conventional PES methods such as the chemical composition in the micrometer scale from the surface to the bulk and the electronic properties at the multiple interfaces. The chemical natures of different layers of the perovskite-based solar cells [(FAPbI<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.85</sub>(MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.15</sub>] can be identified precisely for the first time using the TCS-PES method. We found that the perovskite layer has higher iodine concentration at the Spiro/perovskite interface and higher bromine concentration at the TiO<sub>2</sub>/perovskite interface. UPS measurements on the tapered cross section revealed that the perovskite is n-type, and the solar cell studied here is a p-n-n structure type device. The unique possibilities to analyze the complete solar cell by XPS and UPS allow us to estimate the band bending in a working solar cell. Moreover, this technique can further be used to study the device under operating conditions, and it can be applied in other solid-state devices like solid electrolyte Li-ion batteries, LEDs, or photoelectrodes.
Mycosis fungoides presenting erythroderma and ulceration with rapid progress (2005)

菌状息肉症は一般に緩やかな経過をたどるとされているが, 臨床・組織学的に多くの亜型の存在が報告されている。今回, 潰瘍を伴う紅皮症を呈し, 急速に病状が進行した59歳, 女性の皮膚T細胞リンパ腫の1例を経験した。経過中に, 自然消退する小結節の多発もみられ, 病理組織学的にリンパ腫様丘疹症の合併と診断した。PUVA療法やIFN-γ投与により, 症状は一時寛解しかけたが, 再び増悪, 化学療法を施行する間もなく, 初診より7ヵ月で死に至った。診断・治療に苦慮したが, 最終的に菌状息肉症の予後不良な型, もしくは従来の皮膚リンパ腫分類の範疇にない多発潰瘍と紅皮症を呈する皮膚T細胞リンパ腫の可能性を考えた。
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROPEROXYNAPHTHALENONES FROM THE MILD AUTOXIDATION OF CERTAIN SIMPLE 1‐ALKYL‐2‐NAPHTHOLS (1977)

Abstract Eine Lösung der Naphthole (Ia) in Benzol unterliegt der Autoxidation zu den Hydroperoxiden (IIa) als einzigen Produkten, die sich mit KJ oder Dimethyl‐ sulfid zu den Hydroxynaphthalinonen (III) reduzieren lassen.
Acute Chorea Associated With Metoclopramide Use (2006)

Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist that is used to treat diabetic gastroparesis, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and migraines. It is known to cause extrapyramidal side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, dystonia, and akithisia, but not chorea. We describe a patient who presented with choreiform movements shortly after the administration of intravenous metoclopramide. Her work-up for secondary causes of chorea was otherwise negative and her symptoms abated with the administration of oral quetiapine and intravenous diazepam.
Sensors for the Detection and Quantification of Bacterial Contamination in Water for Human Use (2010)

Abstract The deterioration of water quality by Cyanobacteria cause outbreaks and epidemics associated with harmful diseases in Humans and animals because of the toxins that they release. Microcystin‐LR is one of the hepatotoxins most widely studied and the World Health Organization, recommend a maximum value of 1 µg L −1 in drinking water. Highly specific recognition molecules, such as molecular imprinted polymers are developed to quantify microcystins in waters for human use and shown to be of great potential in the analysis of these kinds of samples. The obtained results were auspicious, the detection limit found, 1.5 µg L −1 , being of the same order of magnitude as the guideline limit recommended by the WHO. This technology is very promising because the sensors are stable and specific, and the technology is inexpensive and allows for rapid on‐site monitoring.
High photon counting efficiency in the near-IR (0.6 um--0.9 um) with a GaAs Ranicon (1990)

Results are presented of an evaluation of the first RANICON detector with a Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) photocathode, known as the Red-RANICON. The Red-RANICON offers a photocathode responsive quantum efficiency of about 22 percent from 0.6 - 0.9 micron, yielding a significant improvement in photon counting performance when compared with multialkali (S20) photocathode detectors. The operating characteristics of the Red-RANICON are similar to standard 25-mm active-area RANICONS, with imaging formats of 512 x 512 or 1024 x 1024 pixels. Spatial resolution is currently about 80 microns FWHM and could be improved to 40 microns FWHM with a modest decrease in the photocathode to microchannel-plate gap. The application of the Red-RANICON to high-resolution imaging and other applications requiring excellent temporal resolution is discussed. Future prospects for improving the long-wavelength response and quantum yield are also explored.
Preclinical safety and tolerability of a repeatedly administered human leishmaniasis DNA vaccine (2015)

The leishmaniases are a complex of vector-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. LEISHDNAVAX is a multi-antigen, T-cell epitope-enriched DNA vaccine candidate against human leishmaniasis. The vaccine candidate has been proven immunogenic and showed prophylactic efficacy in preclinical studies. Here, we describe the safety testing of LEISHDNAVAX in naive mice and rats, complemented by the demonstration of tolerability in Leishmania-infected mice. Biodistribution and persistence were examined following single and repeated intradermal (i.d.) administration to rats. DNA vectors were distributed systemically but did not accumulate upon repeated injections. Although vector DNA was cleared from most other tissues within 60 days after the last injection, it persisted in skin at the site of injection and in draining lymph nodes. Evaluation of single-dose and repeated-dose toxicity of the vaccine candidate after i.d. administration to naive, non-infected mice did not reveal any safety concerns. LEISHDNAVAX was also well tolerated in Leishmania-infected mice. Taken together, our results substantiate a favorable safety profile of LEISHDNAVAX in both naive and infected animals and thus, support the initiation of clinical trials for both preventive and therapeutic applications of the vaccine.
Deployment Analysis of the Lenticular Jointed Antennas Onboard the Mars Express Spacecraft (2009)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Heart rate control and hemodynamic improvement with Ivabradine in cardiogenic shock patients on mechanical circulatory support (2022)

Abstract Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life threatening condition due to primary cardiac dysfunction. First line therapy involves drug administration (including inotropes and/or vasopressors) up to mechanical circulatory support. Tachycardia is a compensatory mechanism in response to hypotension and low cardiac output or a side effect related to inotropic drugs. Ivabradine selectively acts on IKf channel in the sinoatrial node to reduce sinus heart rate without affecting inotropism. Its use in small non-randomized series of patients with CS was safe and well tolerated [1]. Methods We present the use of ivabradine in six patients with CS undertaking veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Data regarding haemodynamic and echocardiographic monitoring were collected before, at 12, 24 and 48 hours after ivabradine administration. Results Ivabradine was administered through naso-gastric tube with a median time of 23 hours [IQR 18–28] since VA-ECMO implantation at the starting dose of 2.5 mg twice a day. Haemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters are shown in table. Ivabradine was well tolerated and led to a significant reduction of heart rate after first administration (p&amp;lt;0.01) (Fig. 1, panel A). Echo-derived stroke volume increased significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) (Fig. 1, panel B); so did cardiac index (p&amp;lt;0.001) and left ventricular cardiac power index (p 0.005) (Fig. 1, panel C). VA-ECMO rate pump and blood flow significantly decreased (respectively p 0.002, p 0.001). No significant changes were observed in arterial blood pressure (p&amp;gt;0.05). Norepinephrine was down-titrated in all patients (p 0.01). Patients presented with cardiac arrest died due to neurological injury whereas the others were weaned off VA-ECMO and discharged alive. Conclusions Ivabradine administration resulted in an effective reduction of heart rate leading to ventricular stroke volume allowing the reduction of extracorporeal flow support and vasopressors administration. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Shared memory computing on clusters with symmetric multiprocessors and system area networks (2005)

Cashmere is a software distributed shared memory (S-DSM) system designed for clusters of server-class machines. It is distinguished from most other S-DSM projects by (1) the effective use of fast user-level messaging, as provided by modern system-area networks, and (2) a “two-level” protocol structure that exploits hardware coherence within multiprocessor nodes. Fast user-level messages change the tradeoffs in coherence protocol design; they allow Cashmere to employ a relatively simple directory-based coherence protocol. Exploiting hardware coherence within SMP nodes improves overall performance when care is taken to avoid interference with inter-node software coherence.We have implemented Cashmere on a Compaq AlphaServer/Memory Channel cluster, an architecture that provides fast user-level messages. Experiments indicate that a one-level, version of the Cashmere protocol provides performance comparable to, or slightly better than, that of TreadMarks' lazy release consistency. Comparisons to Compaq's Shasta protocol also suggest that while fast user-level messages make finer-grain software DSMs competitive, VM-based systems continue to outperform software-based access control for applications without extensive fine-grain sharing.Within the family of Cashmere protocols, we find that leveraging intranode hardware coherence provides a 37% performance advantage over a more straightforward one-level implementation. Moreover, contrary to our original expectations, noncoherent hardware support for remote memory writes, total message ordering, and broadcast, provide comparatively little in the way of additional benefits over just fast messaging for our application suite.
Industrial Microreactor Process Development up to Production (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mission Statement from Industry on Impact and Hurdles Screening Studies in Laboratory Process Development at Laboratory Scale Pilots Plants and Production Challenges and Concerns References
Continuous shape estimation of continuum robots using X-ray images (2013)

We present a new method for continuously and accurately estimating the shape of a continuum robot during a medical procedure using a small number of X-ray projection images (e.g., radiographs or fluoroscopy images). Continuum robots have curvilinear structure, enabling them to maneuver through constrained spaces by bending around obstacles. Accurately estimating the robot's shape continuously over time is crucial for the success of procedures that require avoidance of anatomical obstacles and sensitive tissues. Online shape estimation of a continuum robot is complicated by uncertainty in its kinematic model, movement of the robot during the procedure, noise in X-ray images, and the clinical need to minimize the number of X-ray images acquired. Our new method integrates kinematics models of the robot with data extracted from an optimally selected set of X-ray projection images. Our method represents the shape of the continuum robot over time as a deformable surface which can be described as a linear combination of time and space basis functions. We take advantage of probabilistic priors and numeric optimization to select optimal camera configurations, thus minimizing the expected shape estimation error. We evaluate our method using simulated concentric tube robot procedures and demonstrate that obtaining between 3 and 10 images from viewpoints selected by our method enables online shape estimation with errors significantly lower than using the kinematic model alone or using randomly spaced viewpoints.
Estimating the Orientation and Recovery of Text Planes in a Single Image (2001)

A method for the fronto-parallel recovery of paragraphs of text under full perspective transformation is presented. The horizontal vanishing point of the text plane is found using an extension of 2D projection profiles. This allows the accurate segmentation of the lines of text. Analysis of the lines will then reveal the style of justification of the paragraph, and provide an estimate of the vertical vanishing point of the plane. The text is finally recovered to a fronto-parallel view suitable for OCR or other higher-level recognition.
Alterations in PTPN11 and other RAS-/MAP-Kinase pathway genes define ganglioglioma with adverse clinical outcome and atypic histopathological features (2022)

Abstract The PTPN11 gene was recently described as a novel lesional epilepsy gene by extensive exome-wide sequencing studies. However, germline mutations of PTPN11 and other RAS-/MAP -Kinase signaling pathway genes cause Noonan syndrome, a multisystem disorder characterized by abnormal facial features, developmental delay, and sporadically, also brain tumors. Herein, we performed a deep phenotype-genotype analysis of a comprehensive series of ganglioglioma (GG) with brain somatic alterations of the PTPN11 gene compared to GG with other common MAP-Kinase signaling pathway alterations. Seventy-two GG were submitted to whole exome sequencing and genotyping and 86 low grade epilepsy associated tumors (LEAT) to DNA-methylation analysis. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital files including postsurgical disease onset, age at surgery, brain localization, and seizure outcome. A comprehensive histopathology staining panel was available in all cases. We identified eight GG with PTPN11 alterations, copy number variant (CNV) gains of chromosome 12, and the commonality of additional CNV gains in FGFR4, RHEB, NF1, KRAS as well as BRAFV600E alterations. Histopathology revealed an atypical and complex glio-neuronal phenotype with subpial tumor spread and large, pleomorphic, and multinuclear cellular features. Only three out of eight patients with GG and PTPN11 alterations were free of disabling-seizures two years after surgery (38% Engel I). This was remarkably different from our series of GG with BRAFV600E mutations (85% Engel I). Our data point to a subgroup of GG with cellular atypia in glial and neuronal cell components, adverse postsurgical outcome, and genetically characterized by PTPN11 and other Noonan syndrome-related alterations of the RAS-/MAP -Kinase signaling pathway. These findings need prospective validation in clinical practice as they argue for an adapted WHO grading system in developmental, glio-neuronal tumors associated with early-onset focal epilepsy. These findings also open avenues for targeted medical treatment.
Improved Answer Selection with Pre-Trained Word Embeddings (2017)

This paper evaluates existing and newly proposed answer selection methods based on pre-trained word embeddings. Word embeddings are highly effective in various natural language processing tasks and their integration into traditional information retrieval (IR) systems allows for the capture of semantic relatedness between questions and answers. Empirical results on three publicly available data sets show significant gains over traditional term frequency based approaches in both supervised and unsupervised settings. We show that combining these word embedding features with traditional learning-to-rank techniques can achieve similar performance to state-of-the-art neural networks trained for the answer selection task.
Sensitivities for CT imaging of contrast agents in a thorax/myocardium phantom (1990)

A phantom. having similar dimensions to a heart in the human thorax, has been used to determine the sensitivity of X-ray CT scanning for the imaging of contrast agents within the myocardiuin. A theoretical determination of sensitivity has been made for elements from Z=35 to Z=92 for both monochromatic and polychromatic beams. For the monochromatic beams, calculations were made for single energy studies in which the contrast agent was added after an initial scan and for dual energy studies where differential absorption across a K or L absorption edge is used. Simulated images, in which Poisson noise was added to the projection data, have been generated for various elements in the range Z=35 to 92, with particular attention being paid to iodine, gadolithum, tungsten and gold for monochromatic and polychromatic beams. For monochromatic beams the simulated images are compared with the theoretical predictions. The phantom, imaged in a Somatom-2 scanner (with a 256x256 display) has been used to test the accuracy of the results for a polychromatic beam. Results show that the maximum sensitiyity will occur in the region of Z=64 (gadolinium).
Mucosal Immunity toCandida albicans (2014)

Prior to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, host defense against Candida albicans at mucosal sites was largely considered one-dimensional. This chapter is divided into in-depth reviews of host defense mechanisms against oral, vaginal, and Gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis, with emphasis on the uniqueness of the responses at each site. Then it has a short discussion of the emerging role of mucosal Candida biofilms in pathogenesis and host defense. The chapter concludes with suggested future directions for the field of mucosal immunity and candidiasis. Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) encompasses infections of the hard and soft palate, tongue, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth and can present as reddened patches (erythematous) or white curdlike lesions (pseudomembranous). Interestingly, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of OPC. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are considered to play a role in innate defenses against OPC because neutropenic cancer patients are susceptible to disease. Another form of oral candidiasis is Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS). Candida albicans is the most common cause of DS and can readily form biofilms on denture material. The most recent data on host defense against GI candidiasis involve understanding the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in directing both local and systemic adaptive immunity. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects a significant number of women, predominantly in their reproductive years.
Image segmentation based on Fuzzy hypergraph Model (2008)

This paper proposes a Fuzzy hypergraph Model(FHM) for image representation. This model uses both local and globe information of images rely on location space and color space respectively. And by using hypergraph, this model could represent the complex relationships between more than two pixels instead of simple graph which only represent pairwise relationships. This paper uses a semi-supervised learning method which aims to FHM to segment image. Experimental results on various images show that the proposed method is good at classifying the unlabeled pixels.
Emphysema Due to Smoke from a Herbal Asthma Remedy (2010)

A 79-year-old man was referred to us for possible lung volume reduction surgery. He was a lifelong non-smoker but had had mild asthma since the age of 10. He had never required hospitalization nor used inhaled bronchodilators until a few years previously when he had been diagnosed with COPD. His MRC dyspnoea score was 4. Spirometry revealed an FEV1 of 0.88L (25% predicted), an FVC of 4.48 L (94%) predicted with an FEV1/VC ratio of 24% and no additional improvement with bronchodilators. Lung volumes were increased; total lung capacity was 117% predicted and residual volume 156% predicted. Gas transfer values were reduced; TLcoc of 35% predicted, Kcoc of 63% predicted. Arterial PaCO2 was 4.0 kPa and PaO2 7.2 kPa. CT thorax showed diffuse emphysema throughout both lungs, with bullous changes at both bases (Figure 1). He reported no occupational exposure to any pulmonary irritants, nor any exposure to animals or birds. Further enquiry revealed that from the age of 12 years, for about 50 years, he had controlled his asthma by inhaling smoke from a preparation called Potter’s ‘Asthma Remedy’, the presumptive cause of his emphysema.
A Universal Tare Load Prediction Algorithm for Strain-Gage Balance Calibration Data Analysis (2011)

An algorithm is discussed that may be used to estimate tare loads of wind tunnel strain-gage balance calibration data. The algorithm was originally developed by R. Galway of IAR/NRC Canada and has been described in the literature for the iterative analysis technique. Basic ideas of Galway's algorithm, however, are universally applicable and work for both the iterative and the non-iterative analysis technique. A recent modification of Galway's algorithm is presented that improves the convergence behavior of the tare load prediction process if it is used in combination with the non-iterative analysis technique. The modified algorithm allows an analyst to use an alternate method for the calculation of intermediate non-linear tare load estimates whenever Galway's original approach does not lead to a convergence of the tare load iterations. It is also shown in detail how Galway's algorithm may be applied to the non-iterative analysis technique. Hand load data from the calibration of a six-component force balance is used to illustrate the application of the original and modified tare load prediction method. During the analysis of the data both the iterative and the non-iterative analysis technique were applied. Overall, predicted tare loads for combinations of the two tare load prediction methods and the two balance data analysis techniques showed excellent agreement as long as the tare load iterations converged. The modified algorithm, however, appears to have an advantage over the original algorithm when absolute voltage measurements of gage outputs are processed using the non-iterative analysis technique. In these situations only the modified algorithm converged because it uses an exact solution of the intermediate non-linear tare load estimate for the tare load iteration.
Influence of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis on the reproductive system of roach (Rutilus rutilus) (2008)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grasping SOI floating-body effects (1998)

It is important to understand what the floating-body effects are and how they affect device and circuit behavior. In this regard, this article qualitatively explains the device physics underlying DC and transient floating-body effects, clearly implying their influence on circuits, and thereby giving good insight into PD/SOI CMOS design issues. The article also notes special but practical device and circuit designs for controlling floating-body effects, showing through simulation how PD/SOI offers a significant performance advantage over bulk silicon in low-voltage applications, thereby conveying an assurance that reliable SOI CMOS design is feasible.