gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUN-669 The G209R Mutant Mouse as a Model for Human PCSK1 Polyendocrinopathy (2020)

Abstract A striking number of SNPs and rare mutations have been identified in PCSK1, the gene that codes for the enzyme proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) which proteolytically activates prohormones within the secretory pathway. All infants bearing two copies of catalytically inactivating mutations, including G209R, exhibit severe neonatal malabsorption requiring parenteral nutrition for months and subsequently develop additional endocrinopathies, often including diabetes and obesity. In order to create a mouse model to explore the underlying mechanism of the malabsorption phenomenon and the endocrinopathies, a G209R point mutation was introduced into exon 6 of mouse Pcsk1 using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Fifty-six live pups were collected at postnatal days one or two; however, most homozygous G209R mutant pups succumbed by day 2, and surviving pups were severely dwarfed. In homozygous, but not heterozygous pups, blood glucose levels were significantly lower with elevated plasma insulin-like immunoreactivity and accumulation of unprocessed proinsulin in G209R pancreas compared to the wild type pups from the same litters. The POMC product α-MSH (produced by PC2 from PC1/3-generated ACTH) has been strongly implicated in obesity mechanisms. We found pituitary POMC processing to ACTH was also affected by the G209R mutation in combined anterior and intermediate pituitary lobes. ACTH was markedly reduced in homozygote pituitary, with significant accumulation of POMC. Using Western blotting, we observed a significant reduction in PC1/3 protein in homozygote brains, while PC2 protein levels remained unaffected. Most likely due to the continued presence of PC2, pituitary and brain levels of α-MSH were not impaired, suggesting that α-MSH itself is not involved in the phenotype. Prior studies have shown that G209R PC1/3 is not efficiently trafficked out of the ER; further studies will examine the contribution of misfolded G209R PC1/3 to possible cellular ER stress, as well as determine peptide hormone levels in brain and peripheral tissues.
Obstacle Detection Based on Fusion Between Stereovision and 2D Laser Scanner (2007)

Obstacle detection is an essential task for mobile robots. This subject has been investigated for many years by researchers and a lot of obstacle detection systems have been proposed so far. Yet designing an accurate and totally robust and reliable system remains a challenging task, above all in outdoor environments. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to present new techniques and tools to design an accurate, robust and reliable obstacle detection system in outdoor environments based on a minimal number of sensors. So far, experiments and assessments of already developed systems show that using a single sensor is not enough to meet the requirements: at least two complementary sensors are needed. In this chapter a stereovision sensor and a 2D laser scanner are considered.
Resveratrol for cancer therapy: Challenges and future perspectives (2021)

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) has been expected to ameliorate cancer and foster breakthroughs in cancer therapy. Despite thousands of preclinical studies on the anticancer activity of resveratrol, little progress has been made in translational research and clinical trials. Most studies have focused on its anticancer effects, cellular mechanisms, and signal transduction pathways in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we aimed to discern the causes that prevent resveratrol from being used in cancer treatment. Among the various limitations, poor pharmacokinetics and low potency seem to be the two main bottlenecks of resveratrol. In addition, resveratrol-induced nephrotoxicity in multiple myeloma patients hinders its further development as an anticancer drug. New insights and strategies have been proposed to accelerate the conversion of resveratrol from bench to bedside. In the interim, the most promising approach is to enhance the bioavailability of resveratrol with new formulations. Alternatively, more potent analogues of resveratrol could be developed to augment its anticancer potency. Given all the gaps mentioned, much work remains to be done. However, if remarkable progress can be made, resveratrol may finally be used for cancer therapy.
(p-Dimethylaminophenyl) Diphenylphosphine: A More Practical Phosphine in the Mitsunobu Reaction (1990)

Abstract The Mitsunobu reaction has been of much use in general synthetic organic chemistry. The major drawback of this reaction has been the removal of the by-products triphenylphosphine oxide and the dialkyl hydrazinedi-carboxylate. We report here that (p-dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphine, an alternative phosphine, greatly assists the work-up procedure of this useful reaction.
17O NMR spectroscopy: Study of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in phenols and salicylaldehydes (1993)

Abstract Natural abundance 17 O NMR data for fifteen 2‐ and 4‐substituted phenols, ten 3‐and 5‐substituted 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and eight 3‐substituted benzaldehydes, recorded at 75°C in acetonitrile are reported. The chemical shift change due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding for the phenolic oxygen was found to be 10–14 ppm shielding. In acetonitrile, the 17 O NMR chemical shift for phenol signals was insensitive to added water up to water concentrations of 0.5 mole fraction. The 17 O NMR chemical shifts of the 4‐substituted phenols gave an excellent correlation (r = 0.990) with anisole 17 O NMR data; the data also correlated moderately well with σ − ( r = 0.974). The chemical shifts of the 3‐substituted benzaldehydes were correlated with σ + values ( r = 0.991). A plot of the carbonyl chemical shift data for the substituted 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes versus the carbonyl data for 3‐substituted benzaldehydes gave a slope of 0.87 and with r = 0.960. The plot of the 4‐substituted phenol data with that for OH of the corresponding 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes gave a slope of 1.04 with r = 0.996. Proton to oxygen coupling for the phenolic group of several of the intramolecular hydrogen bonded systems was observed directly [ J (OH) = 58–92 Hz]. MM2 and MOPAC calculations predict that the hydrogen bond distances and angles for the substituted 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and the partial atomic charges for the carbonyl groups (AMI) were essentially constant. After corrections for electronic effects the chemical shift changes due to hydrogen bonding for the donor (Δδ HBD ) and acceptor (Δδ HBA ) of the carbonyl–phenol intramolecular bonding system were 5–12 and 30 ± 2 ppm, respectively. The Δδ HBA value was between those for keto and ester acceptors consistent with the relative basicity of the aldehyde group. The Δδ HBD value was substantially larger than those for phenolic donors to keto and ester groups.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of ψ[(E)-CMeCH]- and ψ[(E)-CMeCMe]- Type Dipeptide Isosteres Based on Organocopper-Mediated anti-SN2‘ Reaction (2002)

[reaction: see text] A straightforward synthetic route for the synthesis of diastereomerically pure psi[(E)-CMe=CH]- and psi[(E)-CMe=CMe]-type dipeptide isosteres was developed on the basis of regio- and stereoselective anti-S(N)2' alkylation of 3-(N-Boc-5-methyl-4-substituted-oxazolidin-2-on-5-yl)acrylates with organocopper reagents.
Synthesis and thermal properties of hybrid copolymers of syndiotactic polystyrene and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (2002)

Abstract Copolymerizations of styrene and the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)–styryl macromonomer 1‐(4‐vinylphenyl)‐3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐heptacyclopentylpentacyclo [9.5.1.1 3,9 .1 5,15 .1 7,13 ] octasiloxane have been performed with CpTiCl 3 in conjunction with methylaluminoxane. Random copolymers of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and POSS have been formed and fully characterized with 1 H and 13 C NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. NMR data reveal a moderately high syndiotacticity of the polystyrene backbone consistent with this use of CpTiCl 3 as a catalyst and POSS loadings as high as 24 wt % and 3.2 mol %. Thermogravimetric analysis of the sPS–POSS copolymers under both nitrogen and air shows improved thermal stability with higher degradation temperatures and char yields, demonstrating that the inclusion of the inorganic POSS nanoparticles makes the organic polymer matrix more thermally robust. The polymerization activity and thermal stability are also compared with those of reported atactic polystyrene–POSS copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 885–891, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10175
Secure firmware update in embedded systems (2019)

Great numbers of embedded devices are performing safety critical operations, which means it is very important to keep them operating without interference. Update is the weak point that could be exploited by potential attackers to gain access to the system, sabotage it or to simply steal someone else's intellectual property. This paper presents an implementation of secure update process for embedded systems which prevents man-in-the-middle attacks. By using a combination of hash functions, symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms it demonstrates how to achieve integrity, authenticity and confidentiality of the update package that is sent to the target hardware. It covers implementation starting from key exchange, next explaining update package encryption process and then decryption on the target hardware. It does not go into a detail about specific encryption algorithms that could be used. It presents a generalized model for secure update that could be adjusted to specific needs.
Pomegranate Fruit as a Rich Source of Biologically Active Compounds (2014)

Pomegranate is a widely used plant having medicinal properties. In this review, we have mainly focused on the already published data from our laboratory pertaining to the effect of methanol extract of pericarp of pomegranate (PME) and have compared it with other relevant literatures on Punica. Earlier, we had shown its antiproliferative effect using human breast (MCF-7, MDA MB-231), and endometrial (HEC-1A), cervical (SiHa, HeLa), and ovarian (SKOV3) cancer cell lines, and normal breast fibroblasts (MCF-10A) at concentration of 20-320 μg/mL. The expressions of selected estrogen responsive genes (PR, pS2, and C-Myc) were downregulated by PME. Unlike estradiol, PME did not increase the uterine weight and proliferation in bilaterally ovariectomized Swiss-Albino mice models and its cardioprotective effects were comparable to that of 17 β -estradiol. We had further assessed the protective role of PME on skeletal system, using MC3T3-E1 cells. The results indicated that PME (80 μg/mL) significantly increased ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) activity, supporting its suggested role in modulating osteoblastic cell differentiation. The antiosteoporotic potential of PME was also evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model. The results from our studies and from various other studies support the fact that pomegranate fruit is indeed a source of biologically active compounds.
Impact of Persistent HIV Replication on CD4 Negative Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells (2012)

Characteristics of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in viremic patients reflect both active responses (increasing cell numbers, better antigen responses, and higher proportion of effector memory cells) and ongoing damage (repertoire changes and loss of CD56+ cells). Unlike patients who control viremia to undetectable levels, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are diminished during persistent viremia and may eventually be lost because of progressive destruction of the TCR repertoire.
Fully Transparent p‐MoTe2 2D Transistors Using Ultrathin MoOx/Pt Contact Media for Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Source/Drain (2018)

Abstract Since transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors are found as 2D van der Waals materials with a discrete energy bandgap, many 2D‐like thin field effect transistors (FETs) and PN diodes are reported as prototype electrical and optoelectronic devices. As a potential application of display electronics, transparent 2D FET devices are also reported recently. Such transparent 2D FETs are very few in report, yet no p‐type channel 2D‐like FETs are seen. Here, 2D‐like thin transparent p‐channel MoTe 2 FETs with oxygen (O 2 ) plasma‐induced MoO x /Pt/indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) contact are reported for the first time. For source/drain contact, 60 s short O 2 plasma and ultrathin Pt‐deposition processes on MoTe 2 surface are sequentially introduced before ITO thin film deposition and patterning. As a result, almost transparent 2D FETs are obtained with a decent mobility of ≈5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , a high ON/OFF current ratio of ≈10 5 , and 70% transmittance. In particular, for normal MoTe 2 FETs without ITO, O 2 plasma process greatly improves the hole injection efficiency and device mobility (≈60 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ), introducing ultrathin MoO x between Pt source/drain and MoTe 2 . As a final device application, a photovoltaic current modulator, where the transparent FET stably operates as gated by photovoltaic effects, is integrated.
A low-level approach to semantic classification of mobile multimedia content (2005)

Pseudo-semantic labeling is a novel approach to organize mobile multimedia content such as images and videos. We have developed low-complexity algorithms to derive labels, such as "indoor/outdoor", "face/not face", that can be run on the mobile device. "Indoor/outdoor" classification is done based on the presence of sky in the images. Skin like pixels are detected based on the color information and if present they are matched to a pre-defined "facetemplate" to detect the presence of faces in images. We have developed an initial framework for finding the degree of blurriness in an image, which can be used for labels like "blurry/not blurry".
Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: Statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations (2012)

The global burden of IHD deaths has shifted to low-and-middle income countries as lifestyles approach those of high income countries. In high income countries, population ageing maintains IHD as the leading cause of death. Nevertheless, the progressive decline in age-standardised IHD mortality in high income countries shows that increasing IHD mortality is not inevitable. The 20-fold mortality difference between countries, and the temporal trends, may hold vital clues for handling IHD epidemic which is migratory, and still burgeoning.
Interpretation of DW‐NMR data: Dependence on experimental conditions (1995)

This review examines the effect of experimental conditions on the data obtainable from diffusion weighted NMR experiments. The origin and forms of the Stejskal-Tanner experiment are presented, and the relative merits of bipolar to monopolar diffusion weighting gradient pulses are discussed, as are those of spin-echo and stimulated-echo weighting schemes. The short pulse Stejskal-Tanner experiment as required for q-space imaging is described. Criteria for successful diffusion weighted imaging are given, and current strategies for diffusion weighted imaging are evaluated against these. The range of biological objects accessible to diffusion weighted NMR is summarized, together with the associated experimental limitations. In the final section the dependence of diffusion weighted NMR data on diffusion time and b-value range is examined, and the relationship between apparent restricted diffusion and the size of the extracellular space is demonstrated.
Functional neuroimaging in the acute phase of Takotsubo syndrome: volumetric and functional changes of the right insular cortex (2020)

In the acute phase of TTS volumetric changes in frontal regions and the central autonomic network (i.e. insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala) were noted. In particular, the right insula, associated with sympathetic autonomic tone, had both volumetric and functional changes.
ANALYSE DU TRANSFERT DE MATIÈRE ENTRE UN PLASMA RÉACTIF ET LE SILICIUM - ÉTUDE EXPÉRIMENTALE ET MODÉLISATION (1990)

L'analyse des mécanismes de transfert de chaleur et de matière entre un plasma thermique et un matériau a été effectuée en mesurant, par spectroscopie en ligne, la cinétique de diffusion des espèces dans la couche limite lors de l'évaporation, et, la température du plasma, puis, par pyrométrie optique, la température de la surface du matériau fondu. Enfin une modélisation des transferts à l'interface plasma-particule a été réalisée en prenant en compte à la fois le transfert thermique et le transfert de matière et en particulier l'évaporation entre le silicium et le milieu plasma.
Analysis of spatial and temporal behavior of threedimensional multi-core architectures towards run-time thermal management (2010)

3D integration provides number of advantages such as improved interconnectivity and packaging density, which can provide higher performance microprocessors as well as better memory hierarchies. Yet thermal characteristics limit the potential performance improvement in many cases. In this study we investigate the thermal behavior of high performance and high power microprocessor stacks, focusing on 3D-specific challenges. We investigate both the static/spatial and temporal behavior of microprocessor stacks towards assessing feasibility of stacking alternatives and effective management of on-chip temperatures.
Proportion and clinical characteristics of non-asthmatic non-smokers among adults with airflow obstruction (2018)

There are a substantial number of non-smokers with airflow obstruction compatible with COPD in Japan. In this study, airflow obstruction in non-smokers was more common in women and likelier to result in mild functional and pathological abnormalities than in smokers. Further studies are warranted to investigate the long-term prognosis and appropriate management of this population in developed countries, especially in women.
Addressing Challenges in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Mesylates: Monoarylation of Ketones and Primary Alkyl Amines (2013)

Mor(DalPhos) for Me(sylates): Described are the first examples of ketone mono-α-arylation and primary aliphatic amine monoarylation employing aryl methanesulfonate coupling partners. A range of functionalized aryl mesylates were employed with dialkyl ketones, and also with primary and secondary amines as well as the otherwise challenging coupling partners acetone and methylamine. Ad=adamantyl. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simulation analysis of an innovative micro-solar 2kWe Organic Rankine Cycle plant coupled with a multi-apartments building for domestic hot water supply (2019)

Combined heat and power plants driven by renewable energy sources (RES) are becoming more and more popular, given the energy transition towards the integration of more renewable energy sources in the power generation mix. In this paper an innovative micro-solar 2kWe/18kWth Organic Rankine Cycle system, which is being developed by the consortium of several Universities and industrial organizations, with the funding from EU under the Innova MicroSolar project, is considered. In particular, its application to supply electricity and thermal energy for Domestic Hot Water (DHW) in a residential building is investigated by means of simulation analysis. Different Domestic Hot Water supply plant configurations are evaluated and the design parameters are varied in order to determine the best configuration to recover as much energy as possible from the ORC, while maintaining the final users’ comfort. It was found out that with the considered plant around 67% of the Domestic Hot Water energy demand of 15 apartments can be satisfied with a water storage tank of 10’000 liters. However, in order to always guarantee the supply water temperature, a back-up boiler, which serves directly the final users when needed, is requested.
Update on Clandestine Amphetamines and Their Analogues Recently Seen in Japan. (2002)

Amphetamines and their analogues have undergone a cycle of popularity as recreational drugs in Japan. The current wave of popularity began in the early 1990s and spread throughout the country. More recently, not only 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) but also other designer amphetamines analogues, including p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2), etc., have been extensively and increasingly abused, mainly among juveniles. This minireview presents an update on the amphetamines and their analogues by focusing on clandestine tablets encountered in Japan recently.
Quality-control analytical methods: endotoxins: essential testing for pyrogens in the compounding laboratory, part 3: a simplified endotoxin test method for compounded sterile preparations. (2013)

The first two parts of the IJPC series on endotoxin testing explained the nature of pyrogenic contamination and described various Limulus amebocyte lysate methods for detecting and measuring endotoxin levels with the bacterial endotoxin test described in the United States Pharmacopeia. This third article in that series describes the endotoxin test that is simplest to permorm for pharmacists who prefer to conduct an endotoxin assa at the time of compounding in the pharmacy setting.
Transposons Acting as Competitive Endogenous RNAs: In-Silico Evidence from Datasets Characterised by L1 Overexpression (2022)

LINE L1 are transposable elements that can replicate within the genome by passing through RNA intermediates. The vast majority of these element copies in the human genome are inactive and just between 100 and 150 copies are still able to mobilize. During evolution, they could have been positively selected for beneficial cellular functions. Nonetheless, L1 deregulation can be detrimental to the cell, causing diseases such as cancer. The activity of miRNAs represents a fundamental mechanism for controlling transcript levels in somatic cells. These are a class of small non-coding RNAs that cause degradation or translational inhibition of their target transcripts. Beyond this, competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), mostly made by circular and non-coding RNAs, have been seen to compete for the binding of the same set of miRNAs targeting protein coding genes. In this study, we have investigated whether autonomously transcribed L1s may act as ceRNAs by analyzing public dataset in-silico. We observed that genes sharing miRNA target sites with L1 have a tendency to be upregulated when L1 are overexpressed, suggesting the possibility that L1 might act as ceRNAs. This finding will help in the interpretation of transcriptomic responses in contexts characterized by the specific activation of transposons.