gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clot retraction facilitates clot lysis (1981)

Platelet facilitation of clot lysis was studied using the dilute clot lysis assay, a standardized assay for fibrinolysis shown to correlate with the development of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Clots prepared from dilute platelet poor plasma showed prolonged clot lysis when compared with clots prepared in a similar fashion from dilute platelet rich plasma. Since in the presence of platelets clot retraction or contraction occurred, we evaluated a possible direct contribution of retraction to clot lysis. Dilute platelet poor plasma clots were compacted by centrifugation, to a similar extent as that achieved during clot retraction in dilute platelet rich plasma. These clots now lysed at a rate that approached that seen with dilute platelet rich plasma clots. Using an alternate alternate approach, dilute platelet rich plasma clots were treated with cytochalasin B to prevent clot retraction. Such clots now showed prolonged lysis similar to that seen with dilute platelet poor plasma. The prolonged lysis of cytochalasin B treated dilute platelet rich plasma clots was corrected by artificial compaction of the clots. The results suggest that clot retraction markedly facilitates clot lysis, and shows that a major role of platelets to facilitate clot lysis is the effect of these cells to cause clot retraction.
Direct NO decomposition over stepped transition-metal surfaces (2007)

Abstract We establish the full potential energy diagram for the direct NO decomposition reaction over stepped transition-metal surfaces by combining a database of adsorption energies on stepped metal surfaces with known Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) relations for the activation barriers of dissociation of diatomic molecules over stepped transition- and noble-metal surfaces. The potential energy diagram directly points to why Pd and Pt are the best direct NO decomposition catalysts among the 3d, 4d, and 5d metals. We analyze the NO decomposition reaction in terms of a Sabatier-Gibbs-type analysis, and we demonstrate that this type of analysis yields results that to within a surprisingly small margin of error are directly proportional to the measured direct NO decomposition over Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au. We suggest that Pd, which is a better catalyst than Pt under the employed reaction conditions, is a better catalyst only because it binds O slightly weaker compared to N than the other metals in the study.
What is the time scale of magnetic field interaction in biological systems? (1997)

An experimental test constraining the intrinsic time scale of a primary physical mechanism that detects extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields in biological systems is proposed. The suggested test postulates that a transductive mechanism operating on time scales much shorter than the period of an applied magnetic field cannot obtain any information about the exposure conditions other than the absolute magnitude of the field. By generating field exposure that differ in their vector properties but are equivalent in their time-varying absolute amplitude, it is possible to differentiate between two broad classes of mechanisms: 1) those with intrinsic time scales comparable with or longer than those of the external influence, and 2) those that are much faster than the period of the applied field. The hypothesis assumes an experimental model proven to respond to magnetic fields and sensitive to a change of about a factor of two in one of the field parameters (AC, DC amplitude or frequency). The case of general linearly polarized fields is discussed, and an analytical solution for the case of perpendicular AC/DC fields is given.
Context-aware fall detection using inertial sensors and time-of-flight transceivers (2016)

Automatic detection of falls is important for enabling people who are older to safely live independently longer within their homes. Current automated fall detection systems are typically designed using inertial sensors positioned on the body that generate an alert if there is an abrupt change in motion. These inertial sensors provide no information about the context of the person being monitored and are prone to false positives that can limit their ongoing usage. We describe a fall-detection system consisting of a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) and an RF time-of-flight (ToF) transceiver that ranges with other ToF beacons positioned throughout a home. The ToF ranging enables the system to track the position of the person as they move around a home. We describe and show results from three machine learning algorithms that integrate context-related position information with IMU based fall detection to enable a deeper understanding of where falls are occurring and also to improve the specificity of fall detection. The beacons used to localize the falls were able to accurately track to within 0.39 meters of specific waypoints in a simulated home environment. Each of the three algorithms was evaluated with and without the context-based false alarm detection on simulated falls done by 3 volunteer subjects in a simulated home. False positive rates were reduced by 50% when including context.
Cardiac Complications of Childhood Myopathies (2003)

The management of individuals with a neuromuscular disorder is usually focused on the skeletal muscle weakness and resulting complications, such as respiratory failure. Long-term prognosis of a number of neuromuscular conditions is, however, also determined by the type and severity of cardiac involvement. Early recognition and treatment of the cardiovascular complications are part of the task of the multidisciplinary team involved in the care of these patients. Although for several of the common conditions, there is general consensus on the cardiac investigations and treatments, in the rarer disorders, evidence-based recommendations are not available, and suggestions from experts provide an acceptable solution. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and phenotypic diversity of cardiac complications associated with pediatric myopathies and provides a rational framework for planning the monitoring and therapeutic intervention in individual conditions. ( J Child Neurol 2003; 18: 191—202).
Tissue remodelling in chronic bronchial diseases: from the epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype (2014)

Airway remodelling is a critical feature of chronic bronchial diseases, characterised by aberrant repair of the epithelium and accumulation of fibroblasts, which contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition resulting in fixed bronchial obstruction. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a new source of fibroblasts that could contribute to the remodelling of the airways. This phenomenon consists of the loss of the epithelial phenotype by bronchial epithelial cells and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. These cells are then able to migrate and secrete ECM molecules. Herein, we review the different types of EMT. We will then focus on the signalling pathways that are involved, such as transforming growth factor-β and Wnt, as well as the more recently described Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Finally, we will highlight the implication of EMT in airway remodelling in specific chronic bronchial pathologies, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiolitis obliterans following lung transplantation. Despite the limitations of in vitro models, future studies of EMT in vivo are warranted to shed new light on the pathomechanisms of bronchial obstruction.
A Multicenter Study on Carotid Ultrasound Plaque Tissue Characterization and Classification Using Six Deep Artificial Intelligence Models: A Stroke Application (2021)

Atherosclerotic plaque in carotid arteries can ultimately lead to cerebrovascular events if not monitored. The objectives of this study are (a) to design a set of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tissue characterization and classification (TCC) systems (Atheromatic 2.0, AtheroPoint, CA, USA) using ultrasound-based carotid artery plaque scans collected from multiple centers and (b) to evaluate the AI performance. We hypothesize that symptomatic plaque is more scattered than asymptomatic plaque. Therefore, the AI system can learn, characterize, and classify them automatically. We developed six kinds of AI systems: four machine learning (ML) systems, one transfer learning (TL) system, and one deep learning (DL) architecture with different layers. Atheromatic 2.0 uses two types of plaque characterization: (a) an AI-based mean feature strength (MFS) and (b) bispectrum analysis. Three kinds of data were collected: London, Lisbon, and Combined (London + Lisbon). We balanced and then augmented five folds to conduct 3-D optimization for optimal number of AI layers versus folds. Using K10 (90% training, 10% testing), the mean accuracies for DL, TL, and ML over the mean of the three data sets were 93.55%, 94.55%, and 89%, respectively. The corresponding mean AUCs were 0.938, 0.946, and 0.889 (p <; 0.0001), respectively. AI paradigms showed an improvement by 10.41% and 3.32% for London and Lisbon in comparison to Atheromatic 1.0, respectively. On characterization, for all three data sets, MFS (symptomatic) > MFS (asymptomatic) by 46.56%, 19.40%, and 53.84%, respectively, thus validating our hypothesis. Atheromatic 2.0 showed consistent and stable results and is useful for carotid plaque tissue classification and characterization for vascular surgery applications.
Dual-Band and Wideband Dual-Polarized Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antennas (2013)

This letter investigates dual-band and wideband designs of dual-polarized cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs). These designs make use of the fundamental <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm HEM}_{111}$</tex></formula> mode and higher-order <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm HEM}_{113}$</tex></formula> mode of the DRA. The strip- and slot-fed excitation methods are used for Ports 1 and 2 of the antennas, respectively. For demonstration, a dual-band dual-polarized DRA for DCS (1.71–1.88 GHz) and WLAN (2.4–2.48 GHz) bands and a wideband version that covers the 2.4-GHz WLAN band were designed. The <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$S$</tex></formula> -parameters, radiation patterns, antenna gains, antenna efficiencies, and envelope correlations of the two designs are studied. It was found that the dual-band and wideband designs have port isolations of higher than 36 and 37 dB, respectively. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.
Mass storage in space charge regions of nano-sized systems : (Nano-ionics. Part V) (2006)

The consideration of space charge effects at interfaces results in the prediction of considerable storage anomalies in two-phase materials. They are particularly expected in nano-sized systems building a bridge between chemical and electrostatic storage. These effects are systematically treated in the model of an abrupt planar contact. Several examples of fundamental and/or practical interest are analysed in greater detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Component Synthesis of Marimastat Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor viruses and cancer biology: Modulating signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention (2010)

Tumor viruses have provided relatively simple genetic systems, which can be manipulated for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the cellular transformation process. A growing body of information in the tumor virology field provides several prospects for rationally targeted therapies. However, further research is needed to better understand the multiple mechanisms utilized by these viruses in cancer progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Initially viruses were believed to be associated with cancers as causative agents only in animals. It was almost half a century before the first human tumor virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was identified in 1964. Subsequently, several human tumor viruses have been identified including Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human Papillomaviruses (HPV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) and recently identified Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV). Tumor viruses are sub-categorized as either DNA viruses, which include EBV, KSHV, HPV, HBV, and MCPyV, or RNA viruses such as HCV and HTLV-1. Tumor-viruses induce oncogenesis through manipulating an array of different cellular pathways. These viruses initiate a series of cellular events, which lead to immortalization and proliferation of the infected cells by disrupting the mitotic checkpoint upon infection of the host cell. This is often accomplished by functional inhibition or proteasomal degradation of many tumor suppressor proteins by virally encoded gene products. The virally infected cells can either be eliminated via cell-mediated apoptosis or persist in a state of chronic infection. Importantly, the chronic persistence of infection by tumor viruses can lead to oncogenesis. This review discusses the major human tumor associated viruses and their ability to modulate numerous cell signaling pathways, which can be targeted for potential therapeutic approaches.
Predicting Sheet Forming Limit of Aluminum Alloys for Cold and Warm Forming by Developing a Ductile Failure Criterion (2017)

In this study, the forming limit of aluminum alloy sheet materials is predicted by developing a ductile failure criterion (DFC). In the DFC, the damage growth is defined by Mclintock formula, stretching failure is defined at localized necking (LN) or fracture without LN, while the critical damage is defined by a so-called effect function, which reflects the effect of strain path and initial sheet thickness. In the first part of this study, the DFC is used to predict forming limit curves (FLCs) of six different aluminum sheet materials at room temperature. Then, the DFC is further developed for elevated temperature conditions by introducing an improved Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z′), which is proposed to provide enhanced representation of the strain rate and temperature effect on limit strain. In warm forming condition, the improved DFC is used to predict the FLCs of Al5083-O and failure in a rectangular cup warm draw process on Al5182 + Mn. Comparison shows that all the predictions match quite well with the experimental measurements. Thanks to the proposal of effect function, the DFC needs calibration only in uniaxial tension, and thus, provides a promising potential to predict forming limit with reduced effort.
Characterization of Metallosupramolecular Polymers by Top-Down Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Methods (2015)

Top-down multidimensional mass spectrometry, interfacing electrospray ionization (ESI) with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), and energy resolved (gradient) tandem mass spectrometry (gMS(2) ) are employed to characterize the stoichiometries, architectures, and intrinsic stabilities of coordinatively bound supramolecular polymers containing terpyridine functionalized ligands. As a soft ionization method, ESI prevents or minimizes unwanted assembly destruction. The IM dimension affords separation of the supramolecular ions by charge and collision cross-section (a function of size and shape). The mobility separated ions are subsequently identified by their mass-to-charge-ratios and isotope patterns in the orthogonal MS dimension. Finally, the gMS(2) dimension reveals bond breaking proclivities and disintegration pathways of the assemblies. The described methodology does not require high sample purity due to the dispersive nature of the IM and MS steps. Its utility is demonstrated with the comprehensive analysis of bisterpyridine-based metallomacrocycle mixtures and a tristerpyridine based complex with 3-D nanosphere-like architecture.
The Effect of Stress on Water Jet Performance (1978)

Research on the use of high pressure water jet systems to date has mainly concentrated on laboratory simulation tests and field trials on the surface. The effects of field stress have only been simulated, therefore, by sample confinement in triaxial chambers. This paper contrasts such results with data obtained from a test site located 1000 ft below the surface in a stressed barrier pillar. Data is further supplied contrasting the water jet performance in this rock under stress with that achieved in the same area when the rock is destressed. A water jet slotting technique which was used for the destressing is described. Introduction Conventionally, the vast majority of holes that are drilled underground, particularly in hard rock mines, are drilled by means of pneumatic hammers. These drilling devices have conventionally achieved adequate performance in terms of productivity but are increasingly being cited due to the noise levels they generate, which lie far above the legal requirem...
The cytoplasmic expression of FSTL3 correlates with colorectal cancer progression, metastasis status and prognosis (2023)

Follistatin-like (FSTL) family members are associated with cancer progression. However, differences between FSTL members with identical cancer types have not been systematically investigated. Among the most malignant tumours worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) has high metastatic potential and chemoresistance, which makes it challenging to treat. A systematic examination of the relationship between the expression of FSTL family members in CRC will provide valuable information for prognosis and therapeutic development. Based on large cohort survival analyses, we determined that FSTL3 was associated with a significantly worse prognosis in CRC at the RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemistry staining of CRC specimens revealed that FSTL3 expression levels in the cytosol were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in terms of overall and disease-free survival. Molecular simulation analysis showed that FSTL3 participated in multiple cell motility signalling pathways via the TGF-β1/TWIST1 axis to control CRC metastasis. The findings provide evidence of the significance of FSTL3 in the oncogenesis and metastasis of CRC. FSTL3 may be useful as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, and as a potential therapeutic target.
Mapping of the antigenic determinants of the Leishmania infantum gp63 protein recognized by antibodies elicited during canine visceral leishmaniasis. (1997)

The gp63 gene encoding the major surface antigen of Leishmania infantum has been cloned and sequenced. In spite of the overall sequence homology with the gp63 genes from other Leishmania species, particularly with the constitutively expressed Leishmania chagasi Gp63 gene, the carboxy-terminal ends of these genes are clearly divergent (62% homology). To study the prevalence of anti-gp63 antibodies in the sera from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, a recombinant L. infantum gp63 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. It was found that 100% of the sera from these dogs recognized the recombinant gp63 protein, suggesting that it must function as a potent B cell immunogen during natural canine visceral leishmaniasis. However, heterogeneity in the level of response was observed. Fine mapping of the antigenic determinants was performed by means of 6 overlapping subfragments of the gp63 protein and by the use of a library of synthetic peptides. The data showed that there is some degree of immunological restriction in the recognition of the protein since reactivity was observed preferentially against the most divergent region. The epitope mapping of this region showed 2 immunodominant peptides the response to which seems to be preferentially of the IgG2 type.
Polyphenols as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) (2021)

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the antiviral nature of polyphenols, and many polyphenols have been proposed to inhibit SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. Our previous study revealed the inhibitory mechanisms of polyphenols against DNA polymerase α and HIV reverse transcriptase to show that polyphenols can block DNA elongation by competing with the incoming NTPs. Here we applied computational approaches to examine if some polyphenols can also inhibit RNA polymerase (RdRp) in SARS-CoV-2, and we identified some better candidates than remdesivir, the FDA-approved drug against RdRp, in terms of estimated binding affinities. The proposed compounds will be further examined to develop new treatments for COVID-19.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of L‐Daunosamine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Essays on Federal Reserve Bank Evolution, Transparency and Market Interaction (2013)

This three part dissertation begins by "Examining the Origin of Federal Reserve Independence." This paper explores early Fed history with a particular emphasis on the period between 1947 and 1953 in order to provide a complete political account of Fed Independence.
In vivo molecular imaging of met tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor activity in normal organs and breast tumors. (2001)

Molecular imaging techniques allow visualization of specific gene products and their physiological processes in living tissues. In this study, we present a new approach for molecular imaging of endogenous tyrosine kinase receptor activity. Met and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor scatter factor (HGF/SF), which mediate mitogenicity, tumorigenicity, and angiogenesis, were used as a model. HGF/SF and Met play a significant role in the pathogenesis and biology of a wide variety of human epithelial cancers and, therefore, may serve as potential targets for cancer prognosis and therapy. We have shown previously that in vitro activation of Met by HGF/SF increases oxygen consumption. In this study, we demonstrate that Met activation in vivo by HGF/SF alters the hemodynamics of normal and malignant Met-expressing tissues. Tumor-bearing BALB/C mice were i.v. injected with HGF/SF and imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler ultrasound. Organs and tumors expressing high levels of Met showed the most substantial alteration in blood oxygenation levels as measured by blood oxygenation level depended (BOLD)-MRI. No significant alteration was observed in tumors or organs that does not express Met. In the liver, which expresses high levels of Met, MRI signal alteration of about 60% was observed. In the kidneys, signal alteration was approximately 30%, and no change was observed in muscles. The extent of MRI signal alteration was also in correlation with HGF/SF doses. Injection of 7 and 170 ng/g body weight resulted in signal alteration of 5% and 30%, respectively, in tumors. Doppler ultrasound measurements demonstrated that these MRI changes are at least partially attributable to altered blood flow. These hemodynamic alterations, measured by MRI and Doppler ultrasound, were used in this study for the molecular imaging of Met activity in vivo. This novel molecular imaging technique may be used for in vivo diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of Met-expressing tumors.
Performance of McDonald 2017 multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria and evaluation of genetic ancestry in patients with a first demyelinating event in Argentina (2023)

2017 McDonald criteria showed higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with 2010 criteria, shortening both time-to-diagnosis and time-to-treatment implementation.