gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Properties of Polymers from Their Structures (1996)

Abstract The ability to predict the key physical and chemical properties of polymers from their molecular structures prior to synthesis is of great value in the design of polymers. The performance criteria that must be satisfied for the technological applications of polymers have become increasingly more stringent with the recent rapid advances in many areas of technology. At the same time, the applications of most of the familiar polymers with relatively simple repeat unit structures have reached their limits. The chemical structures of polymers suitable for advanced applications have therefore increased in complexity. Consequently, the development of predictive computational schemes to evaluate candidates for specific applications has gained urgency.
Uremic Osteodystrophy (1972)

A uremic patient with severe osteitis fibrosa and widespread soft tissue calcifications was treated with 24 gm of dried aluminum hydroxide gel daily. After seven weeks of treatment the bone lesions improved substantially and the soft tissue calcifications almost disappeared. Discontinuation of the therapy for several weeks resulted in recurrence of bone disease and the reappearance of soft tissue calcifications. These lesions responded favorably again to the same treatment with aluminum hydroxide.
Shape Statistics Variational Approach for the Outer Contour Segmentation of Left Ventricle MR Images (2006)

Segmentation of left ventricles is one of the important research topics in cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The segmentation precision influences the authenticity of ventricular motion reconstruction. In left ventricle MR images, the weak and broken boundary increases the difficulty of segmenting the outer contour precisely. In this paper, we present an improved shape statistics variational approach for the outer contour segmentation of left ventricle MR images. We use the Mumford-Shah model in an object feature space and incorporate the shape statistics and an edge image to the variational framework. The introduction of shape statistics can improve the segmentation with broken boundaries. The edge image can enhance the weak boundary and thus improve the segmentation precision. The generation of the object feature image, which has homogenous "intensities" in the left ventricle, facilitates the application of the Mumford-Shah model. A comparison of mean absolute distance analysis between different contours generated with our algorithm and that generated by hand demonstrated that our method can achieve a higher segmentation precision and a better stability than various approaches. It is a semiautomatic way for the segmentation of the outer contour of the left ventricle in clinical applications.
Application Prospect of Coal-fired coupled Biomass in Technical Transformation of Thermal Power Unit (2020)

Abstract The development of thermal power units in China is restricted. In the process of transformation, coupled biomass power generation is the main direction of the transformation in the fuel sides. This paper introduces the constraints of thermal power units, the main ways of coal-fired coupling power generation, the technical route of coupling biomass in all of 84 pilot thermal power units and the problems faced by coupled biomass power generation. On this basis, some suggestions on the application of coal-fired coupling power generation in enterprises are put forward.
Particle Size Distribution by Space or Time Dependent Extinction Profiles obtained by Analytical Centrifugation (2006)

Abstract The particle size distribution of suspensions of fine particles was determined by a photocentrifuge from transmission/extinction profiles. Photocentrifuges provide a useful tool for the characterization and quality control of suspensions. While the variation of the light extinction curves caused by centrifugal segregation allows a qualitative description, a rigorous formulation provides a quantitative characterization. The present work reports on the determination of the particle size distribution using space and time resolved extinction profiles. The particle size distribution is obtained by analyzing the variation of the extinction at any point of the sample over the full centrifugation time or by analyzing the extinction variation over the entire sample length for any centrifugation time span. The advantage of the second method is the potential to save time.
The Grb2 binding site is required for the induction of chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease in mice by the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase (2000)

The BCR/ABL oncogene results from a balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and is found in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and in some patients with acute B-lymphoid leukemia. The Bcr/Abl fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that stimulates several intracellular signaling pathways, including activation of Ras through direct binding of the SH2-containing adapter protein Grb2 to Bcr tyrosine 177. A tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutation (Y177F) at this site blocks the co-association of Bcr/Abl and Grb2 in vivo and impairs focus formation by Bcr/Abl in fibroblasts. However, the Bcr/Abl Y177F mutant can transform hematopoietic cell lines and primary bone marrow cells in vitro, so the importance of the Bcr/Abl–Grb2 interaction to myeloid and lymphoid leukemogenesis in vivo is unclear. We have recently demonstrated the efficient induction of CML-like myeloproliferative disease by BCR/ABL in a murine bone marrow transduction/transplantation model system. The Y177F mutation greatly attenuates the myeloproliferative disease induced by BCR/ABL, with mice developing B- and T-lymphoid leukemias of longer latency. In addition, the v-abl oncogene of Abelson murine leukemia virus, whose protein product lacks interaction with Grb2, is completely defective for the induction of CML-like disease. These results suggest that direct binding of Grb2 is required for the efficient induction of CML-like myeloproliferative disease by oncogenic Abl proteins.
Reconstruction of a Post-Traumatic Infected Bone Defect of an Open Diaphyseal Femur Fracture by Double LISS Fixation: A Case Report (2007)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 62(5):p 1272-1276, May 2007. | DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000233912.27163.24
Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from Microarray Analysis of Early Stage Serous Ovarian Cancers Shows Profiles Predictive of Favorable Outcome (2023)

Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from Microarray Analysis of Early Stage Serous Ovarian Cancers Shows Profiles Predictive of Favorable Outcome
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolines Bearing a Benzylic Quaternary Stereocenter Through Intramolecular Arylcyanation of Alkenes. (2010)

Abstract Conditions A) in combination with chiral phosphinooxazoline ligands allows the enantioselective preparation of 3,3‐disubstituted indolines, which represent biologically interesting substructures of alkaloids.
Phase I Clinical Trial of Alitretinoin and Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients: Toxicity, Pharmacokinetic, and Biomarker Evaluations (2001)

The combination of tamoxifen and alitretinoin is well tolerated and has antitumor activity in metastatic breast cancer. The recommended phase II dose is 70 mg/m2/d with 20 mg/d tamoxifen.
Low power MPEG/audio encoders using simplified psychoacoustic model and fast bit allocation (2001)

We propose novel techniques for the implementation of MPEG/audio (Layer II and Layer III) encoder. The proposed techniques concern implementing the encoder with a minimum complexity. As an effort to minimize the complexity, the ISO psychoacoustic model (PAM) is simplified that often demands significant computational power of the implementation system. The simplification follows the statistical behavior of the PAM. A fast bit allocation algorithm is also developed, in which the quantizer step size is updated dynamically and adaptively according to the input signal statistics. The performance of the developed techniques is verified via subjective tests as well as statistical analyses. Real-time implementations are tried for MPEG/audio Layer II and Layer III encoders employing the proposed algorithms. The implemented systems show that the developed encoders can be as simple as decoders, but still produce bitstreams of high audio quality.
A novel toroidal inductor structure with through-hole vias in ground plane (2006)

This paper presents a new toroidal inductor topology that can be realized in microstrip or stripline configuration. The toroidal structure comprises two sets of mutually isolated multiple-coupled lines that are connected by vias through a ground plane. This geometry facilitates a simple equivalent-circuit model for accurate analysis or synthesis of the component. A comparison between the new toroidal structure and the conventional spiral inductor topology shows good improvement in quality factor and a footprint reduction over 300%. The toroidal designs are validated by full-wave electromagnetic simulation, as well as by measurement for a two-turn toroidal inductor in microstrip configuration.
Widely and semi-widely linear processing of quaternion vectors (2010)

In this paper the two main definitions of quaternion properness (or second order circularity) are reviewed, showing their connection with the structure of the optimal quaternion linear processing. Specifically, we present a rigorous generalization of the most common multivariate statistical analysis techniques to the case of quaternion vectors, and show that the different kinds of quaternion improperness require different kinds of widely linear processing. In general, the optimal linear processing is full-widely linear, which requires the joint processing of the quaternion vector and its involutions over three pure unit quaternions. However, in the case of jointly ℚ-proper and ℂ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">η</sup> -proper vectors, the optimal processing reduces, respectively, to the conventional and semi-widely linear processing, with the latter only requiring to operate on the quaternion vector and its involution over the pure unit quaternion η. Finally, a simulation example poses some interesting questions for future research.
Tailor-Made Protein Corona Formation on Polystyrene Microparticles and its Effect on Epithelial Cell Uptake (2022)

Microplastic particles are pollutants in the environment with a potential impact on ecology and human health. As soon as microplastic particles get in contact with complex (biological) environments, they will be covered by an eco- and/or protein corona. In this contribution, protein corona formation was conducted under defined laboratory conditions on polystyrene (PS) microparticles to investigate the influence on surface properties, protein corona evolution, particle-cell interactions, and uptake in two murine epithelial cells. To direct protein corona formation, PS particles were preincubated with five model proteins, namely, bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin, β-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, and fibrinogen. Subsequently, the single-protein-coated particles were incubated in a cell culture medium containing a cocktail of serum proteins to analyze changes in the protein corona profile as well as in the binding kinetics of the model proteins. Therein, we could show that the precoating step has a critical impact on the final composition of the protein corona. Yet, since proteins building the primary corona were still detectable after additional incubations in a protein-containing medium, backtracking of the particle's history is possible. Interestingly, whereas the precoating history significantly disturbs particle-cell interactions (PCIs), the cellular response (i.e., metabolic activity, MTT assay) stays unaffected. Of note, lysozyme precoating revealed one of the highest rates in PCI for both epithelial cell lines. Taken together, we could show that particle history has a significant impact on protein corona formation and subsequently on the interaction of particles with murine intestinal epithelial-like cells. However, as this study was limited to one cell type, further work is needed to assess if these observations can be generalized to other cell types.
Nanostructure array fabrication with a size-controllable natural lithography (1997)

A simple technique for size-controllable nanostructure array formation has been developed, using self-assembled polystyrene beads whose diameters can be arbitrarily reduced by reactive ion etching. We have produced a hole array of 83 and 157 nm diameter with 200 nm pitch on Si substrate. This technique can find potential applications in many areas of science and technology.
Neurological Complications of Pregnancy (1994)

Cerebral ischemia, Janet L. Wilterdink and J. Donald Easton cerebral hemorrhage, Janet L. Wilterdink and Edward Feldmann eclampsia, James O. Donaldson endocrine aspects of epilepsy in women, Steven C. Schachter epilepsy and pregnancy, Mark S. Yerby and Orrin Devinsky low back pain in pregnancy, Brian Hainline migraine and pregnancy, Kenneth M.A. Welch multiple sclerosis and pregnancy, Stuart D. Cook, et al neurologic aspects of rheumatologic disorders during pregnancy, Lisa R. Sammaritano maternal head trauma during pregnancy, Barry D. Jordan central nervous system neoplasma in pregnancy, Lisa M. DeAngelis infections during pregnancy, Richard T. Johnson movement disorders and pregnancy, John D. Rogers and Stanley Fahn peripheral nerve disorders in pregnancy, Aleksander Beric muscle disease in the pregnant woman, James M. Gilchrist when the mother is a paraplegic, Bruce K. Young psychiatric disorders and pregnancy, Orrin Devinsky and Barbara Bartlik cocaine and alcohol use in pregnancy, Joan Moroney and Machelle Allen neurodiagnostic imaging of the pregnant patient, Richard B. Schwartz legal issues - roles of physicians in preventing fetal harm, H. Richard Beresford.
Regiospecific and Highly Flexible Synthesis of 1,4,5-Trisubstituted 2-Sulfanylimidazoles from Structurally Diverse Ethanone Precursors (2008)

Imidazoles represent important bioactive scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. More than 2,500 structures are listed in drug discovery databases and over 3,000 patents have been claimed for imidazole-based structures. Recent imidazole pharmacophores have targeted various MAP kinases. p38 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase plays a central role in the signaling network responsible for the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNFα and offers, therefore, a valid target for small molecule anti-inflammatory drugs. 2-Sulfanylimidazole derivatives offer some advantages over prototype inhibitors (SB203580), e.g. lower cytochrom P450 interactions and better kinetic properties. We report here three novel regioselective and, at the same time, highly flexible synthetic approaches towards 1,4,5-trisubstituted 2-sulfanylimidazoles starting from different ethanone regioisomers allowing maximum variability of all substituents introduced. As a result, a variety of selective and highly potent p38 MAPK inhibitors were prepared and selected for further preclinical development. Synthesis of structurally diverse inhibitor candidates, p38 inhibition data, and selectivity profiling of some selected compounds are specified. Furthermore, the benefits of the useful, brief synthetic sequences are outlined and contrasted with already published multistep routes.
Bioconversion of brewer's spent grains to bioethanol (2008)

Spent grains (SG), the residue remaining after extraction of wort, are a major by-product of brewing. This lignocelluose-rich biomass may provide a source of sugars for fuel ethanol fermentations. Dilute acid and enzyme treatments were developed to convert the hemicellulose and cellulose fractions to glucose, xylose and arabinose. Pretreatment of dried, milled grains with 0.16 N HNO(3) at 121 degrees C for 15 min was chosen as the most suitable method for solubilizing grains before enzymatic digestion with cellulase and hemicellulase preparations. Solids loading concentrations (10%, 15% and 20% w/v) were compared and reducing sugar between 40 and 48 g (100 g SG)(-1) was extracted. Hydrolysate, prepared from 20% SG, pretreated with 0.16 N HNO(3), partially neutralized to pH 5-6 and digested with enzymes for 18 h, contained 27 g L(-1) glucose, 16.7 g L(-1) xylose and 11.9 g L(-1) arabinose. Fermentation of this hydrolysate for 48 h by Pichia stipitis and Kluyveromyces marxianus resulted in 8.3 and 5.9 g L(-1) ethanol corresponding to ethanol conversion yields of 0.32 and 0.23 g ethanol (g substrate)(-1), respectively. Substrate utilization efficiency was less when compared with glucose/xylose mixtures in synthetic media, suggesting that yeast inhibitory compounds derived from SG were present in the hydrolysate.
O2‐03‐04: Mammillary body atrophy in the differential diagnosis of hippocampal atrophy (2009)

Hippocampal atrophy, which has been used to diagnose and follow progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) with neuroimaging, is seen in disorders other than AD, including hippocampal sclerosis (HpScl). HpScl is characterized by selective neuronal loss and gliosis of the hippocampal outflow pathway (CA1 and subiculum) that projects to the mammillary body (MB). Since the MB undergoes transsynaptic atrophy in HpScl, we hypothesized that MB atrophy could be used in differential diagnosis of HpScl from AD. Cases with HpScl were identified from the Mayo Clinic Jacksonville brain bank database, and postmortem photographs were analyzed. HpScl cases were limited to those with a Braak NFT stage (BS) Hp), “typical” (n=26, ctx=Hp) and limbic predominant (n=19, Hp>ctx). The MB was smaller in HpScl (5.4±0.6 mm) than controls (5.9±0.9 mm) (p=0.020), however, when FTLD-U cases were removed, the significance was lost (p=0.073). In a regression model of MB size, FTLD-U was the strongest variable (p<0.014) and not AD (p=0.099) or HpScl (p=0.514). Hp-sparing and typical AD showed no difference in MB size and were grouped for analytical purposes. Limbic predominant AD (5.2±0.7 mm) had a significantly smaller MB than other AD subtypes (6.0±0.6 mm). Our hypothesis that MB atrophy could be used to differentiate HpScl from AD was disproved. Significant MB atrophy was detected in FTLD-U and in limbic predominant AD. The results suggest that assessing MB atrophy has a limited value in macroscopic differential diagnosis of hippocampal atrophy. Volumetric analysis of MB size as one parameter in a multivariate analysis with hippocampal volume and cerebral atrophy may provide a more useful neuroimaging means to differentiate AD from HpScl and FTLD-U.
Economic and Environmental Challenges to Bulgarian Forests (2018)

In recent years, global climate change has a particular place on the agenda of society. These changes are related to a number of natural disasters - droughts, fires, floods, hailstorms, hurricane winds, landslides, etc. Exploded globally, these problems pose serious environmental, economic and social problems to mankind. Undoubtedly, one of the reasons for part of these regional problems is the loss of forest land. The present study aims to reveal some of the reasons for the loss of part of the Bulgarian forest and the problems that this loss predicts. Particular attention is paid to the shortcomings in the Bulgarian legislation, which help the felling, arson and eradication of part of the forest massifs. The lack of an overall economic assessment of forests creates additional negative consequences. The scarcity of the environmental benefits of forests leads to their destruction in key places with severe social consequences.
Adrenergic System in High Altitude Residents (1992)

Heart rate (HR) response to isoproterenol (ISO) infusion (IP) is decreased in normal sea level (SL) natives exposed to high altitude (HA). Since norepinephrine plasma concentration is higher in HA hypoxia, a downregulation of beta-adrenoceptors (beta AR) was evoked. We explored this phenomenon at 3600 m in a HA normal population (HAN) and in polycythemic subjects (HAP). Results are compared to SL natives in normoxia (SLN), and during chronic hypoxia at 4800 m (SLH) (J Appl Physiol 65:1957-1961, 1988). ISO dose required to raise HR by 25 min-1 (I 25) is not different in HAN or HAP group when compared to SLN. Density of beta AR on lymphocytes was 39% and 25% lower in HAN and HAP than in SLN group, respectively. Chronotropic response to IP is similar in SL and HA subjects under their usual environmental conditions, while SL natives show a blunted response under hypoxia, probably due to a decrease in beta AR density. No adrenergic desensitization was found in highlanders. Lower beta AR density in HA groups could be an adaptive mechanism to chronic hypoxia. Polycythemia does not affect this responsiveness.
The Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM), a Simple and Low-Cost Alternative for the Carba NP Test to Assess Phenotypic Carbapenemase Activity in Gram-Negative Rods (2015)

A new phenotypic test, called the Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM), was developed to detect carbapenemase activity in Gram-negative rods within eight hours. This method showed high concordance with results obtained by PCR to detect genes coding for the carbapenemases KPC, NDM, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and OXA-23. It allows reliable detection of carbapenemase activity encoded by various genes in species of Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae), but also in non-fermenters Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The CIM was shown to be a cost-effective and highly robust phenotypic screening method that can reliably detect carbapenemase activity.
Parametric amplification of surface acoustic wave of ZnO-Ga-doped yttrium iron garnet (1982)

Interactions of surface acoustic wave (SAW) with magnetization are investigated on a ZnO-Ga- doped yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and GGG structure. The attenuation of SAW depends on the input power of SAW due to a nonlinear interaction with the magnetization of the YIG. Parametric amplification of SAW is closely related to the magnetic field strength and the input power. The amplification gain is 5.1 dB at 180 MHz, the magnetic field strength is 9 Oe, and the input power is −5 dBm.
Cryoglobulins: an important but neglected clinical test. (2006)

Cryoglobulin (CR) denotes a serum immunoglobulin that precipitates at temperatures below 37 degrees C and dissolves on re-warming. CRs are heterogeneous in chemical composition and behave differently in vivo and in vitro. The majority are mixed antigen-antibody complexes that occur with high incidence in autoimmune and infectious disorders. Their measurement is important in the management of patients with vasculitis. CRs elicit variable symptoms in patients, mostly purpura, weakness, and arthralgias, and they require various methods of treatment. Sometimes CRs are not associated with any symptoms; but they can be associated with very severe conditions such as nephropathy and neuropathy. Treatment depends on the symptoms and causes, and on the phenotyping of the CR. Considering the high incidence of CR in diseases such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, together with the high worldwide prevalence of this disease, it is clear that testing for CR is underutilized in clinical practice. CR testing has been neglected in routine clinical laboratories and by clinicians due to several factors, such as the lengthy time for serum CR analysis and failure to appreciate that low levels of CR can be associated with severe symptoms. In a series of 194 serum samples that gave positive tests for CR at our institution, the majority contained low CR concentrations (65% of the samples were type II with a mean of 372 mg/L and 39% of type III with a mean of 216 mg/L; reference range 0-60 mg/L). Case studies are presented to illustrate the importance of such low levels of CR. There is a need for more rapid and more reliable methods for quantification and phenotyping of low concentrations of serum CR. Based on our experience in the routine analysis, quantification, and phenotyping of serum CR, some practical solutions to these problems are presented.