gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Oxidation with Lewis-Acid Catalysis Leads to Trifluoromethylative Difunctionalization of Alkenes Using CF3SO2Na (2018)

The directly external oxidant-free oxytrifluoromethylation and aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes have been developed through the constant current electrolysis synergizing with a Lewis-acid catalysis protocol. By using sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate as the trifluoromethyl source, the method enabled difunctionalization of C-C double bonds of a wide range of styrene derivatives.
Water Vapor Measurements in Small Volumes using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization - Mass Spectrometry (1982)

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (API-MS) was used to study the characteristics and thermodynamics of positive water cluster ions, providing a basis for measuring the water vapor content of sealed integrated circuit packages. Measurements of selected water cluster ions enabled the quantitation of water vapor in the low ppm range in steady state gas flows or in injection volumes equivalent to 50 microliters at concentrations well below 200 ppm.
A novel system that reports the G‐proteins linked to a given receptor: a study of type 3 somatostatin receptor (1997)

SSTR3, a somatostatin (SST) receptor, is an adenylyl cyclase (AC)-inhibiting receptor. To assign the G-protein alpha-subunit (G alpha) linked to this receptor, we created a novel reporter system which utilizes the well-established facts that the C-terminal 5 residues of G alpha are the receptor contact site and G alpha(s) stimulates all subtypes of AC. We constructed chimeric G alpha(s) the C-terminal 5 residues of which were replaced with the corresponding C-terminus of each known G alpha, and examined which chimera confers SSTR3-induced activation of AC. Cellular transfection of SSTR3 and measurement of SST-dependent AC activity through co-transfected chimeric G alpha(s) revealed that SSTR3 recognizes the C-termini of G alpha(i1/2) but not of G alpha(o) or G alpha(z), and those of G alpha(14) and G alpha(16), but not of G alpha(q) or G alpha(11). As predicted by the chimeric G alpha(s), SST-bound SSTR3 stimulated polyphosphoinositide turnover only when G alpha(16) or G alpha(14) was co-transfected. We conclude that the chimeric G alpha(s) system provides a new approach towards the assignment of G-proteins linked to a given receptor.
Trauma and Thermal Injury (1998)

There was a difference in the degree and level to which homeostasis was perturbed between the two groups. The mechanism of injury did not affect the initiation of subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation and cytokine release, and the physiologic response remained the same.
Errores en la preparación de la medicación en una comunidad terapéutica de salud mental (2013)

Objetivos: Cuantificar los errores de medicacion (EM) en nuestro servicio durante el proceso de preparacion de la medicacion y compararlo con otros estudios. Describir las causas de esos EM y posibles soluciones.
Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo transversal. De la medicacion preparada en el turno de noche, se revisan 660 tomas a lo largo de treinta dias en el turno de manana. Se codifican las plantillas a programa SPSS, con analisis de las frecuencias, relaciones entre variables y conjuntos de variables utilizando Chi cuadrado de Pearson y analisis bivariante a traves de regresiones logisticas.
Resultados: Errores por toma 2,9%, por dosis unitaria 1,33% y error grave 0,1%.
Conclusion: Los errores en la preparacion de la medicacion disminuirian si existiera un mayor rigor por parte de los facultativos en el orden y limpieza de las pautas
K-13, a novel inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme produced by Micromonospora halophytica subsp. exilisia. II Structure determination. (1987)

The structure of K-13, a potent inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), was determined to be a cyclic dipeptide composed of tyrosine and an unusual diamino dicarboxylic acid, isodityrosine, by spectral and chemical studies of K-13 and its derivatives.
Sterol absorption and sterol balance in phytosterolemia evaluated by deuterium-labeled sterols: effect of sitostanol treatment. (1995)

Absorption of dietary cholesterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, cholesterol balance, and fecal excretion of plant sterols were determined in three unrelated patients with phytosterolemia and three healthy volunteers during constant intake of cholesterol and plant sterols using accurate gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Each subject received a mixture of [26,26,26,27,27,27-2H6]cholesterol, [6,7,7-2H3]sitostanol, and [6,7,7-2H3]campesterol together with two non-absorbable markers, [5,6,22,23-2H4]sitostanol and chromic oxide. Feces were collected from days 5 to 7 and absorption of different sterols was calculated from the intestinal disappearance of the different sterols relative to [5,6,22,23-2H4]sitostanol and chromic oxide. The results obtained by the two markers were not different and the absorption of cholesterol averaged 53 +/- 4% for the patients (mean +/- SD) and 43 +/- 3% for the volunteers. Campesterol absorption averaged 24 +/- 4% in patients and 16 +/- 3% in healthy volunteers, whereas sitosterol absorption averaged 16 +/- 1% and 5 +/- 1%, respectively. Cholesterol synthesis expressed by body weight varied considerably in the two groups but appeared to be about 5 times lower in patients than in controls. Administration of a high dose of sitostanol (0.5 g t.i.d.) to two patients was followed by a reduction in cholesterol absorption by 24% and 44%, an increase in fecal output of cholesterol and steroids derived from cholesterol and plant steroids, and a marked reduction of serum cholesterol, campesterol, and sitosterol. Under the conditions used, inhibition of cholesterol absorption by sitostanol was not followed by a significant rise in cholesterol synthesis. The time of observation was, however, too short to allow final conclusion on this. The results show that the absolute difference in absorption rate of different sterols between the patients and healthy volunteers was about the same. As a consequence, increasing hydrophobicity causes a relative decrease of absorption rates. Thus, patients with phytosterolemia seem to have a generally increased absorption of sterols rather than a loss of a specific discriminatory mechanism, and oral administration of sitostanol seems to be an interesting new approach for treatment of phytosterolemia.
ChemInform Abstract: cis,cis‐ and trans,trans‐Ceratospongamide, New Bioactive Cyclic Heptapeptides from the Indonesian Red Alga Ceratodictyon spongiosum and Symbiotic Sponge Sigmadocia symbiotica. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phycobiliproteins production and heavy metals reduction ability of Porphyridium sp (2018)

Porphyridium sp is a unicellular red microalgae from Rhodophyta class which produces several high value polymers like polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and phycobiliproteins. The phycobiliproteins contents are phycoerythrins, phycocyanins, and allophycocyanins. Porphyridium sp has the ability to reduce heavy metals pollution in the environment. This research was conducted in order to find out the potential use of Porphyridium sp for phycobiliproteins production and its ability in reducing the heavy metals Fe3+ and Co2+ in culture media. In this research, Porphyridium sp was cultivated in F2 non-silicate medium. The growth curve of Porphyridium sp was analyzed by cultivation at room temperature for 7 days and the OD 690 was monitored every day. Phycobiliproteins production was evaluated by analyzing the absorbance of the extracts at the wavelengths of 565, 620, and 650 nm. The ability of Porphyridium sp in the reduction of heavy metals Fe3+ and Co2+ was analyzed by AAS and calculated as bioconcentration factor (BCF). The data showed that the growth of Porphyridium sp in the media containing heavy metals Fe3+ and Co2+ was faster than in the control. The highest content of phycoerythrins, phycocyanins, and allophycocyanins of Porphyridium sp was reached after 4 days of cultivation with the addition of Fe3+ at 6.30 ppm. Porphyridium sp reduced Fe3+ and Co2+ in media with BCF values of 10.5804 and 0.1151, respectively.
Laparoscopy in a Combat Theater of Operations (2018)

Bradley, Matthew J. MD; Rodriguez, Carlos J. DO; Ritter, E. Matthew MD; Bailey, Jeffrey A. MD Author Information
VPHG in the cold (2003)

The need of new generation dispersing elements with higher throughput and with higher dispersion capabilities has now met a widely shared answer in the technology of Volume Phase Holographic Gratings (VPHG). Our group is increasingly involved in the design and realization of VPHGs both for edge basic research, testing different manufacturers, sizes and resolutions, and for existing instruments upgrades, letting observing astronomers to take advantage of new possibilities with higher performances in their common use instrumentations. In Asiago Observatory, we refurbished the AFOSC camera and spectrograph, whose twins are spread all over the world, from Chilean based ESO-Danish telescope, to Bologna (Italy) South Africa and China. In our laboratory we reproduced the cooled environment of infrared cameras, obtaining the first proofs of the good behavior of VPHG in future IR spectrograph designs.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Copper Colloids from Cu(II) by the Ferrihydrite Core of Ferritin (2004)

The iron-storage protein ferritin encapsulates a nanoparticle of iron oxide. The size and properties of these nanoparticles can be adjusted by controlled oxidative hydrolysis reactions of Fe(II). This mineralized ferritin protein cage has previously been shown to act as an effective photocatalyst for reduction of Cr(VI). In the present work, we demonstrate that Fe(O)OH-mineralized ferritin catalyzes the photoreduction of Cu(II) to form a stable, air-sensitive, colloidal dispersion of Cu(0). In addition, the particle sizes of the Cu colloids can be controlled by varying the ratio of Cu(II) to ferritin. This illustrates an important principle, namely that the properties of one preformed material can be utilized for the specific synthesis of a second material, thus tailoring the desired physical properties of the final products. This procedure represents a multistep materials synthesis: the formation of a new nanomaterial from a catalytic precursor.
Pioneering Use of Synchrotron Radiation Research as a Spectroscopic and Metrological Tool at NBS (2015)

Interest in the use of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a source of continuum in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region was stimulated by the 1956 Physical Review article by Diran Tomboulian and Paul Hartman [1 D. H. Tomboulian and P. L. Hartman, Phys. Rev., 102, 1423 (1956).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] of Cornell University. In their all-too-brief access to the Cornell 320 MeV electron synchrotron, they showed that SR should be an extremely useful intensity standard in the EUV. They also showed the continuum nature of SR by observing structure at the K-edge of Be at 112 eV.
<title>Real-time detection of bacterial aerosols by fiber optic-based biosensors</title> (2001)

A new approach is presented for real-time detection of bacterial aerosols using a sensing film configured on optical fibers. The sensing film contains nucleic acid-reactive fluorophores immobilized in hydrophilic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose. Detection is based on changes in the fluorescence emission as a function of cell number deposited on the sensor. The sample is introduced using a nebulizer and the fiber probe, with the sensing film was placed directly inside a bioaerosol chamber. The sensor shows real-time responses to pulses of aerosolized bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The signals from the sensor are dependent on the humidity in the chamber. We have demonstrated that at lower humidities the ithegrated intensity does not provide a clear indication of the presence of bacterial aerosol. However, ftirther analysis shows that the intensity ratio at different wavelengths, for example I525/I560 or I505/I560, does correlate with bacteria concentration. The present detection limit for aerosolized bacteria is 3000 cells/mm2. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of real-time detection of bacterial aerosols using the sensing film described here. The sensing film remains stable after storage under desiccation and in the dark for extended periods. The sensor also remains stable at room temperature for many hours after removal from the package.
Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in intermodal freight transport: an application to rail service design (2009)

Freight transport has undesirable effects on the environment. The most prominent of these is greenhouse gas emissions. Intermodal freight transport, where freight is shipped from origin to destination by a sequence of at least two transportation modes, offers the possibility of shifting freight (either partially or in full) from one mode to another in the hope of reducing the greenhouse emissions by appropriately scheduling the services and routing the freight. Traditional planning methods for scheduling services in an intermodal transportation network usually focus on minimizing travel or time-related costs of transport. This article breaks away from such an approach by addressing the issue of incorporating environment-related costs (greenhouse gases, to be specific) into freight transportation planning and proposes an integer program in the form of a linear cost, multicommodity, capacitated network design formulation that minimizes the amount of greenhouse gas emissions of transportation activities. Computational results based on an application of the proposed approach on a real-life rail freight transportation network are presented
In situ forces of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in high knee flexion: An in vitro investigation (2003)

The function of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) in the first 120 degrees of flexion has been reported extensively, but little is known of their behavior at higher flexion angles. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of muscle loads on the in situ forces in both ligaments at high knee flexion (>120 degrees). Eighteen fresh-frozen human knee specimens were tested on a robotic testing system from full extension to 150 degrees of flexion in response to quadriceps (400 N), hamstrings (200 N), and combined quadriceps and hamstrings (400 N/200 N) loads. The in situ forces in the ACL and PCL were measured using the principle of superposition. The force in the ACL peaked at 30 degrees of flexion (71.7 +/- 27.9 N in response to the quadriceps load, 52.3 +/- 24.4 N in response to the combined muscle load, 32.3 +/- 20.9 N in response to the hamstrings load). At 150 degrees, the ACL force was approximately 30 N in response to the quadriceps load and 20 N in response to the combined muscle load and isolated hamstring load. The PCL force peaked at 90 degrees (34.0 +/- 15.3 N in response to the quadriceps load, 88.6 +/- 23.7 N in response to the combined muscle load, 99.8 +/- 24.0 N in response to the hamstrings load) and decreased to around 35 N at 150 degrees in response to each of the loads. These results demonstrate that the ACL and PCL carried significantly less load at high flexion in response to the simulated muscle loads compared to the peak loads they carried in response to the same muscle loads at other flexion angles. The data could provide a reference point for the investigation of non-weight bearing flexion and extension knee exercises in high flexion. Furthermore, these data could be useful in designing total knee implants to achieve high flexion.
Generalization of some incoherent spatial filtering techniques (1986)

A two-channel incoherent spatial filtering system is generalized by considering two object transparencies, one in each of the two channels. Various special cases result, including two that have previously been described and others not previously given. The system can be either linear in irradiance (the basic incoherent case) or linear in field (the basic coherent case) even though the illumination is incoherent in either case. In particular, we show spatial filtering with the object in one channel and the spatial filter in the other channel.
Errors in the Quantitative Determination of Terahertz Optical Properties in Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy (2015)

THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has provided an important approach to investigate the optical properties of various materials. A four-mirror transmission geometry set-up is usually applied to characterize materials with good transparency in the THz frequency range, in which the THz beam can be tightly focused onto the sample. However, a focus displacement induced by the sample will influence the accuracy of the quantitative values of the optical constants, which has not been discussed in detail up to now.
p53 As a mutagen test in breast cancer (2002)

The p53 gene is mutated in about half of all tumors. The p53 gene can be used as a "mutagen test," that is, the relative frequencies of the different types of mutation can be used as an epidemiological tool to explore the contribution of exogenous mutagens vs. endogenous processes in particular cancers. p53 has been used as a mutagen test in breast cancer. Surprisingly, the pattern of p53 mutations differs among 15 geographically and ethnically diverse populations. In contrast, mutation patterns in the human factor IX gene are similar in geographically and ethnically diverse populations. Diverse p53 mutation patterns in breast cancer are consistent with a significant contribution by a diversity of exogenous mutagens. Breast tissue may be uniquely sensitive to lipophilic mutagens because of its unique architecture, characterized by tiny islands of cancer-prone mammary epithelial cells surrounded by a sea of adipocytes. Mammary epithelial cells may be differentially susceptible to released lipophilic mutagens preferentially concentrated in adjacent adipocytes and originating in the diet. To test this hypothesis, we developed a method for measuring mutation load from ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissues immunohistochemically stained with anti-p53 antibodies. Single cells staining positively for p53 overabundance are microdissected and the gene is sequenced. It is possible to identify individuals with a high mutation load in normal breast tissue and who are presumably at increased risk for breast cancer. In addition, analysis of the p53 gene with appropriate mutation detection methodology markedly improves the prediction of early recurrence, treatment failure, and death in breast cancer patients. Mutagen tests and mutation load measurements are useful tools to identify the role of mutagens in breast cancer.
Anti‐VEGFs hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae (2015)

The results of this study suggest that drugs that inhibit the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (i.e. anti-VEGF) may hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae.
Total Syntheses of (–)-Daphlongamine H and (–)-Isodaphlongamine H (2019)

Key words daphlongamine H - isodaphlongamine H - ring-closing metathesis - Pauson−Khand reaction - Daphniphyllum alkaloids
<title>Secret transmission method of character data in motion picture communication</title> (1991)

A secret transmission method of character data is presented in this paper when a series of motion pictures are communicated between two stations. Character data are embedded into the codes of image data to be output from the interframe DPCM encoder, so as to prevent a third party from reading the message; The received data are normally decoded to a picture in higher quality and the message is also decoded at the same time if the receiver knows how to embed it. It results in our experiments that the transmission of character data has little effect on picture quality and the amount of embedded characters will be estimated to be about 20 ~ 30% of bits transmitted in each frame, for example, when SNR is above 30dB.
Visual signal detection in structured backgrounds IV Figures of merit for model performance in multiple-alternative forced-choice detection tasks with correlated responses (2000)

Many investigators are currently developing models to predict human performance in detecting a signal embedded in complex backgrounds. A common figure of merit for model performance is d', an index of detectability that can be mathematically related to the proportion correct (Pc) when the responses of the model are Gaussian distributed and statistically independent. However, in many multiple-alternative forced-choice (MAFC) detection tasks, the target appears in one of M different locations within an image. If the image contains slow spatially varying luminance changes (low-pass noise), the pixel luminance values at the possible signal locations are correlated and therefore the model/human responses to the different locations might also be correlated. We investigate the effect of response correlations on model performance and compare different figures of merit for these conditions. Our results show that use of the standard d' index of detectability assuming statistical independence can lead to erroneous underestimates of Pc and misleading comparisons of models. We introduce a novel figure of merit d'(r) that takes into account response correlations and can be used to accurately estimate Pc. Furthermore, we show that d'(r) can be readily related to the standard index of detectability d' by d'(r) = d'/square root of (1 - r), where r is the correlation between the responses in any MAFC detection task. We illustrate the use of the theory by computing figures of merit for two linear models detecting a signal in one of four locations within medical image backgrounds.
Similar short-term clinical response to high-dose versus low-dose methotrexate in monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

In patients newly diagnosed with RA, no clinical benefit of high compared to low initial MTX doses was found for MTX monotherapy or for MTX combination therapy with csDMARDs or glucocorticoids.