gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional α6β4 acetylcholine receptor expression enables pharmacological testing of nicotinic agonists with analgesic properties (2020)

The α6β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is enriched in dorsal root ganglia neurons and is an attractive non-opioid therapeutic target for pain. However, difficulty expressing human α6β4 receptors in recombinant systems has precluded drug discovery. Here, genome-wide screening identified accessory proteins that enable reconstitution of human α6β4 nAChRs. BARP, an auxiliary subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels, promoted α6β4 surface expression while IRE1α, an unfolded protein response sensor, enhanced α6β4 receptor assembly. Effects on α6β4 involve BARP's N-terminal region and IRE1α's splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Furthermore, clinical efficacy of nicotinic agents in relieving neuropathic pain best correlated with their activity on α6β4. Finally, BARP-knockout, but not NACHO-knockout mice lacked nicotine-induced antiallodynia, highlighting the functional importance of α6β4 in pain. These results identify roles for IRE1α and BARP in neurotransmitter receptor assembly and unlock drug discovery for the previously elusive α6β4 receptor.
Identification of a polymorphic nucleotide in oxyR specific for Mycobacterium bovis (1996)

Automated sequence analysis of a 410-bp region of the axyR gene in 105 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates identified a polymorphic nucleotide that differentiated Mycobacterium bovis isolates from other complex members. All 29 M. bovis isolates sequenced had an adenine residue at nucleotide 285, whereas all 76 other complex isolates had a guanine residue. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of oxyR with restriction endonuclease AluI in an additional 255 complex isolates from widespread intercontinental sources confirmed and extended the unique association of adenine at position 285 with M. bovis isolates.
Methodology for Measuring the Frequency Dependence of Multipath Channels Across the Millimeter-Wave Spectrum (2022)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications promise Gigabit/s data rates thanks to the availability of large swaths of bandwidth between 10–100 GHz. Although cellular operators prefer the lower portions of the spectrum due to popular belief that propagation there is more favorable, the measurement campaigns to confirm this – conducted by ten organizations thus far – report conflicting results. Yet it is not clear whether the conflict can be attributed to the channel itself – measured in different environments and at different center frequencies – or to the differences in the organizations’ channel sounders and sounding techniques. In this paper, we propose a methodology to measure mmWave frequency dependence, using the 26.5–40 GHz band as an example. The methodology emphasizes calibration of the equipment so that the measurement results represent the channel alone (and not the channel coupled with the channel sounder). Our results confirm that free-space propagation is indeed frequency invariant – a well understood phenomena but to our knowledge reported nowhere else at mmWave to date. More interestingly, we found that specular paths – the strongest after the line-of-sight path and so pivotal to maintaining connectivity during blockage – are the least invariant compared to weaker diffracted and diffuse paths.
Delivering Operational Efficiencies and Environmental Sustainability via Innovative Technologies (PARETO [TM], ExtraWhite and OxiPRO [TM]) (2008)

Nalco has introduced several innovative technologies to provide solutions to the Paper industry; designed to achieve improvements in operating efficiency, while achieving better product quality and promoting environmental sustainability. These solutions are in the area of water and energy saving in Polymer application, improving P M/c efficiency, reduction in usage of microbiological control chemicals and improved brightness in an environmentally friendly way and. Use of cold fresh water for wet-end additives preparation and post-dilution is common in the industry. 'PARETO [TM]' is a novel concept for optimal mixing and feeding of retention-aid chemicals using process water for polymer post-dilution, allowing papermakers to achieve significant water and energy savings, offering a tremendous positive environmental impact. PARETO customers have recognized improvements in chemical efficacy that have resulted in improved operational efficiencies and certain improved paper quality attributes. Nalco has introduced 'OxiPRO [TM] , the paper industry's first on-line monitoring system for Microbiological control. This technology enables the papermakers to optimize usage of harmful Biocides, to make their process more eco friendly and at the same time, improve operating efficiency. The Nalco 'ExtraWhite' technology provides an environmental friendly solution to reduce consumption of Optical Brightening Agents (OBA) in the process of making high brightness paper, at the same time allowing usage of lower brightness pulp (Thus reducing use of harmful bleaching Chemicals).
Finite Element Modeling of Engagement of Rough and Grooved Wet Clutches (1996)

Abstract A finite element model has been developed to investigate the engagement of rough, grooved, paper-based permeable wet clutches. The finite element (Galerkin) approach was used to discretize the modified Reynolds and force balance equations, and the solution domain geometry was described using an isoparametric formulation. Surface roughness effects were modeled via the Patir and Cheng (1978) average flow model, while asperity load sharing was calculated using the Greenwood and Williamson (1966) approach. The finite element model developed, was used to investigate the effects of applied load, friction material permeability, and groove size on the engagement characteristics of wet clutches (i.e., torque, pressure, engagement time, and film thickness). The results indicate that the applied load, friction material permeability, and groove width significantly influence the engagement characteristics. Higher facing pressures increase peak torque and decrease engagement time. Higher permeability of the friction material significantly decreases engagement time but dramatically increases peak torque. Wider grooves decrease the peak torque and increase the engagement time. Groove depth does not significantly affect engagement characteristics for this model.
Synthesis of a Novel Nitrone, 2-Phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-Oxide (nitronyl-13C), for Enhanced Radical Addend Recognition and Spin Adduct Persistence (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a Novel Nitrone, 2-Phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-Oxide (nitronyl-13C), for Enhanced Radical Addend Recognition and Spin Adduct PersistenceEdward G. Janzen, Yong-Kang Zhang, and D. Lawrence HaireCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9, 3738–3743Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00088a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly (L-glutamic acid)-Paclitaxel Conjugates for Cancer Treatment (2012)

One of the effective approaches to develop new anticancer drugs is to prepare polymeranticancer drug conjugates. The polymer-anticancer drug conjugates include polymerprotein conjugates, polymer-drug conjugates and supramolecular drug-delivery systems. In 1975, the concept of a polymer-drug conjugate was first proposed by Ringsdorf (Ringsdorf, 1975). In his model, a bioactive anticancer agent was attached to a suitable polymeric carrier, directly or through a biodegradable linker. Currently developed delivery systems for anticancer agents encompass colloidal systems (liposomes, emulsions, nanoparticles and micelles), polymer implants and polymer conjugates. These delivery systems are able to provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity of anticancer agents mainly by altering the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the drugs (Kim & Lim, 2002). The idea is attractive and could form the basis of a new generation of anticancer agents (Sugahara et al., 2007). Many polymers have been investigated as carriers for conjugates, including poly(glutamic acid), poly(L-lysine), poly(malic acid), poly(aspartamides), poly((N-hydroxyethyl)-L glutamine), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(styrene-co-maleic acid/anhydride), poly(N-(2hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) copolymer, poly(ethyleneimine), poly(acroloylmorpholine), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinylalcohol), poly(amidoamines), divinylethermaleic anhydride/acid copolymer, dextran, pullulan, mannan, dextrin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and proteins etc.. Coupling low molecular weight anticancer drugs to high or low molecular weight polymers is an effective method for improving the therapeutic index of clinically used agents. Several candidates have been evaluated in clinical trials, such as N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide conjugates of doxorubicin, camptothecin, paclitaxel, and platinum (II) complexes (Haag & Kratz, 2006). The conjugation of cytotoxic agents to a hydrophilic polymer may convey several advantages, (1) increased water solubility; (2) protection from hydrolysis and proteolysis; (3) prolonged half-life and enhanced bioavailability of drug; (4) reduction of toxicity, immunogenicity and antigenicity; (5) controlled release or specific targeting through an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In the chapter, we will focus on poly (L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel (PG-PTX), which can improve the therapeutic index, pharmacokinetic properties, safety and efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX).
Operational testing of valve regulated lead acid batteries in commercial aircraft (1997)

Valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries provide electrical performance that is virtually identical to sintered plate nickel-cadmium battery systems. In addition, the VRLA batteries offer the user a no-maintenance battery and other enhanced features that make this a very desirable battery for aircraft applications. In field trials, where VRLA batteries were substituted for nickel-cadmium batteries, the VRLA provided the user with a high reliability turbine engine starting battery under a wide variety of climatic conditions.
Recovery of hot-carrier damage in reoxidized nitrided oxide MOSFET's (1992)

Recovery of channel hot-carrier damage in reoxidized nitrided oxide (RNO) n- and p-MOSFETs is examined. It is found that recovery is substantially greater in RNO versus conventional oxide (CO) devices, particularly for p-MOSFETs. The authors believe this recovery is due to the detrapping of electrons trapped in the nitridation-induced traps near the substrate interface. The more rapid recovery of the hot-carrier damage in RNO devices will produce greater circuit lifetime improvements over conventional oxides than predicted by accelerated static high-voltage tests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application of Closed-Form Solution for Normal Displacements on Impacted Half Space: Quantification Impact-Echo Signals (2006)

In order to investigate the feasibility of deducing a simulated transfer function based on the Rayleigh wave form in an Impact-Echo signal, the analytical solution for the normal sur- face displacement due to a heaviside force at the half-space was reviewed and used to compute the surface displacement responses resulted from various types of impulse forces. Based on a series of numerical studies on the characteristics of Rayleigh wave form in the surface displace- ment responses, this paper presents the idea of using an equivalent impact force to derive an in- tentionally scaled transfer function. The pseudo force can be obtained from using Rayleigh wave form as a pseudo force or by generating an equivalent half-sine impact force accordingly. The effect of using such pseudo and equivalent force functions was discussed in details. In the pro- posed method, the force amplitude was first estimated from an amplitude curve established from numerical simulations using half-sine force functions. The recovery of a simulated transfer func- tion was next achieved via the use of an estimated force amplitude and a selected force function. The proposed procedure also results in steady thickness amplitudes when measurements on two concrete plates were taken for various impacts associated with different steel balls and different impact locations. The success in recovering constant thickness amplitudes for plate-like struc- tural members proved that the derivation of simulated transfer function is a useful tool in ex- tending the Impact-Echo test. The quantitative evaluation of the interfacial property of the sub- strate layer will also benefit from this simulated transfer function.
Semantic Subtyping for the p-Calculus (2006)

Subtyping relations for the /spl pi/-calculus are usually defined in a syntactic way, by means of structural rules. We propose a semantic characterisation of channel types and use it to derive a subtyping relation. The type system we consider includes read-only and write-only channel types, as well as Boolean combinations of types. A set-theoretic interpretation of types is provided, in which Boolean combinations are interpreted as the corresponding set-theoretic operations. Subtyping is defined as inclusion of the interpretations. We prove the decidability of the subtyping relation and sketch the subtyping algorithm. In order to fully exploit the type system, we define a variant of the /spl pi/-calculus where communication is subjected to pattern matching that performs dynamic typecase.
Chromatin Recycling of Glucocorticoid Receptors: Implications for Multiple Roles of Heat Shock Protein 90 (1999)

Unliganded glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) released from chromatin after hormone withdrawal remain associated with the nucleus within a novel subnuclear compartment that serves as a nuclear export staging area. We set out to examine whether unliganded nuclear receptors cycle between distinct subnuclear compartments or require cytoplasmic transit to regain hormone and chromatin-binding capacity. Hormone-withdrawn rat GrH2 hepatoma cells were permeabilized with digitonin to deplete cytoplasmic factors, and then hormone-binding and chromatin-binding properties of the recycled nuclear GRs were measured. We found that recycled nuclear GRs do not require cytosolic factors or ATP to rebind hormone. Nuclear GRs that rebind hormone in permeabilized cells target to high-affinity chromatin-binding sites at 30 C, but not 0 C, in the presence of ATP. Since geldanamycin, a heat shock protein-90 (hsp90)-binding drug, inhibits hormone binding to recycled nuclear GRs, hsp90 may be required to reassemble the receptor into a form capable of productive interactions with hormone. Geldanamycin also inhibits GR release from chromatin during hormone withdrawal, suggesting that hsp90 chaperone function may play multiple roles to facilitate chromatin recycling of GR.
Biotype Diets System®: Blood types and food allergies (2007)

Purpose: The goal of this research was to determine patterns in adverse food reactions among human biotypes, if any.Design: Blood types A1, A2, B, AB, O and Rh‐negative were correlated to four kinds of food allergies and hypersensitivities.Materials and Methods: Three studies were conducted from 1985 to 2004. Blood types were correlated to food scores from: (1) mRAST‐IgE food allergy tests, (2) mRAST‐IgG food hypersensitivity tests, and (3) T‐cell food hypersensitivity tests (ELISA/ACT® LRA). An allergy history was recorded. Data were evaluated by statistical analyses, including: ANOVA, MANOVA, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi Square. Clinical categories were established by means and ranges. (4) Blood‐type specific lectins were included from the scientific literature.Results: Results were reported by blood types and food groups as raw scores and classes, and included the following: blood type A1 reacted most strongly to nuts and beans, eggs, dairy, and nightshades; while type A2 reacted to the same but more strongly to dairy, eggs and gluten grains. Type B reacted most to eggs, nuts and beans, dairy, gluten grains, nightshades, and sugars. Type O reacted most to dairy, eggs, gluten grains, and nightshades. Type AB reacted most to nuts and beans, seafood, eggs, and dairy; while A2B also reacted to gluten grains. Type Rh‐negative was most reactive to eggs, dairy, nuts and beans, and gluten grains. The highest IgE scores were among types B and Rh‐negative. The highest IgG scores were among types O, A2 and Rh‐negative. The most lectins reacted with type AB.Conclusions: The research showed patterns in food group allergies and hypersensitivities based on ABO, A1/A2 and Rh blood types. Biotype Diets is the first diet‐typing system supported by original scientific research, and has greater accuracy and specificity than other systems. More information is available at www.biotype.net.
Through-pitch correction of scattering effects in 193-nm alternating phase-shift masks (2002)

A methodology to study the bias and phase correction of strong phase-shifting masks is introduced. Isolated apertures are simulated to investigate the influence of aperture size, undercut etch, and quartz sidewall angle on aperture transmission. The simulations match well with experimental results that are measured with an ArF microlithography simulation microscope. For alternating apertures, electromagnetic calculations are done to solve for the diffracted fields. An analytical method is derived to deduce aperture bias and phase error from the diffracted orders. This method can be used as an easy way to optimize the cross section of the phase shifting mask. The method is demonstrated for the example of a single trench alternating phase shifting mask. A constant bias that minimizes the asymmetry and phase error without the need for an undercut etch is found. Such bias works for both the case of equal lines and spaces through pitch and constant linewidth through pitch. Because this bias is easy to design into a mask, the design and manufacturing of alternating phase shifting can be simplified.
Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a major risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: A seventeen-year prospective cohort study (2007)

HCV genotype 1b is associated with a statistically significant higher risk of developing HCC. Patients with cirrhosis that are infected with this genotype require more intensive surveillance for the early detection and aggressive management of neoplasia.
Steady-State Fuel Cell Performance Model for Unadhered MEAs (2008)

Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) that were initially adhered at the cathode-catalyst-layer/cathode-porous-electrode (CCL/CPE) interface can become unadhered at this interface because of operational stressors. Unadhered MEAs may have an additional electrical contact resistance between the CCL and the CPE that was not present for adhered MEAs. This paper investigates the impact of an electrical contact resistance between the CCL and the CPE on fuel cell performance. Model predictions and experimental results are compared for adhered and un-adhered MEA designs operating in plates with different gas distribution channel geometries for a wide range of operating conditions. Model and experiment indicate that the effect of an electrical contact resistance between the CCL and the CPE can lead to significant performance loss.
Digital FIR Boosting to Correct IRLED RIIC Analog Delay (2022)

Over the past year, CDS IRSP systems have seen many improvements, and the next generation of technology is under development. In preparation for the next-generation platform, several regressions were identified to be corrected. This paper explores these issues and a potential workaround.
Molecular Design and Synthesis of Ivermectin Hybrids Targeting Hepatic and Erythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium Parasites (2020)

Ivermectin is a powerful endectocide, which reduces the incidence of vector-borne diseases. Besides its strong insecticidal effect on mosquito vectors of the disease, ivermectin inhibits <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> sporogonic and blood stage development and impairs <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> development inside hepatocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we present the first report on structural modification of ivermectin to produce dual-action molecular hybrids with good structure-dependent in vitro activity against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of <i>P. berghei</i> and <i>P. falciparum</i> infection, suggesting inclusion of ivermectin antimalarial hybrids in malaria control strategies. The most active hybrid displayed over threefold and 10-fold higher in vitro activity than ivermectin against hepatic and blood stage infections, respectively. Although an overwhelming insecticidal effect against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> mosquitoes in laboratory conditions was not noticed, in silico docking analysis supports allosteric binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels similar to ivermectin.
On the Security Notions for Homomorphic Signatures. (2016)

Homomorphic signature schemes allow anyone to perform computation on signed data in such a way that the correctness of computation’s results is publicly certified. In this work we analyze the security notions for this powerful primitive considered in previous work, with a special focus on adaptive security. Motivated by the complications of existing security models in the adaptive setting, we consider a simpler and (at the same time) stronger security definition inspired to that proposed by Gennaro and Wichs (ASIACRYPT’13) for homomorphic MACs. In addition to strength and simplicity, this definition has the advantage to enable the adoption of homomorphic signatures in dynamic data outsourcing scenarios, such as delegation of computation on data streams. Then, since no existing homomorphic signature satisfies this stronger notion, our main technical contribution are general compilers which turn a homomorphic signature scheme secure under a weak definition into one secure under the new stronger notion. Our compilers are totally generic with respect to the underlying scheme. Moreover, they preserve three important properties of homomorphic signatures: composability, context-hiding (i.e. signatures on computation’s output do not reveal information about the input) and efficient verification (i.e. verifying a signature against a program \({\mathcal P}\) can be made faster, in an amortized, asymptotic sense, than recomputing \({\mathcal P}\) from scratch).