gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective elastic constants of thin-film tungsten-silicide from surface acoustic wave analysis (1987)

The dispersion of surface acoustic waves propagating on single-crystal (100) silicon substrates covered by thin films of tungsten-silicide has been investigated using an acoustic material signature technique at a frequency of 339 MHz. The tungsten-silicide layers (500–2500 Å) were deposited using a co-sputtering technique, isochronally annealed at temperatures of 700 and 850 °C for 45 min in an argon atmosphere and examined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Dispersion curves were calculated using a Tiersten model [J. Appl. Phys. 40, 2 (1969)] and fitted to the experimental dispersion data. The effective elastic constants for annealed and ‘‘as-deposited’’ layers were determined as best-fit parameters.
Development of an HTS Assay for Na + , K + -ATPase Using Nonradioactive Rubidium Ion Uptake (2004)

A high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed for the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase channel in order to study rubidium uptake as a measure of the functional activity and modulation of this exchanger. The assay uses elemental rubidium as a tracer for K(+) ions. Three cell lines were used to study the exchanger, and the assay was performed in a 96-well microtiter plate format. Rb(+) uptake was carried by the CHO-K1 cells at 37 degrees C; the maximum ion influx was at 80 min of incubation of the cell line in the medium containing 5.4 mM RbCl. The cells were incubated in Rb(+) uptake buffer (5.4 mM) and with the pump blocker ouabain for 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively. A complete block of the Rb(+) uptake was observed with a 5 mM concentration of ouabain for all the three time intervals. The ouabain 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value for CHO-K1 cell line ATPase was observed to be 298 microM after 3 h of incubation. In addition, IC(50) values of 94 and 89 microM were observed at 30 min of incubation, indicating that the protocol shows reproducible results. A Z' factor higher than 0.7 was observed in the assays. These studies extend the profile of Na(+),K(+)-ATPases and demonstrate the feasibility of this HTS assay system to screen for compounds that pharmacologically modulate the function of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase.
Transformation of Lithium-Treated Yeast Cells and the Selection of Auxotrophic and Dominant Markers (2003)

Transformation of yeast cells can be achieved using lithium-treated or spheroplasted cells. Spheroplast transformation (1,2) is a high efficiency method yielding up to 104–105 transformants per µg of DNA (but more typically, in practice approximately 103 per µg). The preparation of spheroplasts, however, is somewhat laborious and tedious. The transformed spheroplasts require plating in a soft agar overlay to allow cell wall regeneration; additionally, the generation of undesired polyploids through protoplast fusion is also a possibility. In contrast, the lithium acetate method is relatively quick and simple to perform. It has the advantage that the cells remain intact, and so do not fuse, and can be plated directly onto the surface of selective agar plates. The transformation efficiency generally is similar to the spheroplast method.
Sensory cueing in the treatment of unilateral spatial neglect (2015)

目的: 观察感知提醒疗法治疗脑卒中后单侧空间忽略的疗效.方法: 采用单组小样本治疗前、后对照预试验设计,共选取5例稳定期脑卒中后单侧忽略患者,在常规康复训练基础上辅以感知提醒干预(每天累计提醒时间为3h,每周治疗5d), 持续治疗2周.分别于治疗开始前2周、 治疗开始前1天、治疗结束后1天、治疗结束后2周及治疗结束后4周采用香港版单侧忽略行为测试常规子量表(BIT-C)对入选患者单侧空间忽略程度进行评定.结果: 治疗前2周与治疗前1天时入选患者BIT-C评分[分别为(51.2±11.0)分、 (61.4±12.1)分]差异无统计学意义 (P＞0.05);治疗结束后1天、治疗结束后2周及治疗结束后4周时入选患者BIT-C评分[分别为(101.4±20.8)分、(106.6±20.4)分和(92.4±20.6)分]均较治疗开始前1天时BIT-C评分显著提高,其间差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05), 并且以删除类任务评分的改善幅度较显著, 病情越严重的患者在本治疗中获益越显著.结论: 感知提醒疗法可改善脑卒中后单侧忽略患者对忽略侧空间的注意力,可望成为一种简便易行、 尤其适用于急性期单侧空间忽略患者的辅助治疗方法, 但还需大样本随机对照研究进一步验证其疗效.
Recombination of O and H Atoms on the Surface of Nanoporous Dielectrics (2009)

The interaction of O and H atoms with SiOCH nanoporous low-dielectric-constant (low-k) films is studied in the far plasma afterglow in the absence of ion and photon fluxes on the surface. The loss probabilities of O and H atoms are directly measured by plasma-induced actinometry. Modification of low-k films during the experimental scans was studied by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. The model of O- and H-atom recombination in nanoporous materials was developed to analyze the experimental data. It is shown that the main mechanism of the O and H loss is their surface recombination. The consumption of these atoms in the reactions with the carbon-containing hydrophobic groups has a minimal contribution. Thus, the surface recombination defines a damage depth in low-k films. It was shown that the oxygen atoms lead to the noticeable removal of CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> groups. On the contrary, hydrogen atoms do not break Si-CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> bonds, allowing the avoidance of plasma damage in the case of the hydrogen-plasma-based resist strip in appropriate conditions.
Occurrence of Radon in Well Supplies (1988)

In 1986 and 1987, a survey was conducted of the occurrence of radon in well water within the American Water Works Company system. It was observed that the highest levels of radon occurred in the northeastern part of the United States and were associated with formations of uranium‐bearing granitic rocks. The decrease in radon levels in water stored within the distribution system was attributable primarily to volatilization of the gas. Blending of radon‐free surface water with radon‐laden groundwater resulted in a water with a radon concentration that is a function of volumetric dilution. The use of granular activated carbon to reduce radon levels was found to be impractical, but aeration was observed to be cost‐effective as well as efficient.
Addressing Racial Disparities in Stroke: The Wide Spectrum Investigation of Stroke Outcome Disparities on Multiple Levels (WISSDOM ) (2018)

Racial-ethnic disparities in stroke recovery are well-established in the United States but the underlying causes are not well-understood. The typical assumption that racial-ethnic disparities in stroke recovery are explained by health care access inequities may be simplistic as access to stroke-related rehabilitation, for example, does not adequately explain the observed disparities. To approach the problem in a more comprehensive fashion, the Wide Spectrum Investigation of Stroke Outcome Disparities on Multiple Levels (WISSDOM) was developed to bring together scientists from Regenerative Medicine, Neurology, Rehabilitation, and Nursing to examine disparities in stroke "recovery." As a result, three related projects (basic science, clinical science and population science) were designed utilizing animal modeling, mapping of brain connections, and community-based interventions. In this article we describe: 1) the goals and objectives of the individual projects; and 2) how these projects could provide critical evidence to explain why racial-ethnic minorities traditionally experience recovery trajectories that are worse than Whites.
100-Gb/s optical transport network and beyond employing digital signal processing (2012)

We overview the requirements and the enabling technologies for optical transmission systems up to 100 Gb/s and beyond. Polarization- division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying with digital coherent detection, and fast recovery in optical channel rerouting are key technologies for 100-Gb/s long-haul systems and beyond. We review test results of a realtime 80-channel wavelength-division multiplexing transmission over 420 km of field-installed fiber. Finally, we focus on digital nonlinear compensation and pilot tone phase noise compensation as technologies for systems beyond 100 Gb/s.
Supplementary Table 1 from BET Inhibition Sensitizes Immunologically Cold Rb-Deficient Prostate Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of antibodies used in experiments&lt;/p&gt;
H19 non-coding RNA in urine cells detects urothelial carcinoma: a pilot study (2017)

This pilot study shows that urinary cell H19 is a highly sensitive test for UC and pending verification could transform patient management.
Dichotomy between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

A dichotomy exists between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Testing only for humoral responses to compare the durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced responses, as typically performed for public health and research purposes, is insufficient.
Highly Customizable Bone Fracture Fixation through the Marriage of Composites and Screws (2021)

Abstract Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) metal plates provide exceptional support for unstable bone fractures; however, they often result in debilitating soft‐tissue adhesions and their rigid shape cannot be easily customized by surgeons. In this work, a surgically feasible ORIF methodology, called AdhFix, is developed by combining screws with polymer/hydroxyapatite composites, which are applied and shaped in situ before being rapidly cured on demand via high‐energy visible‐light‐induced thiol–ene coupling chemistry. The method is developed on porcine metacarpals with transverse and multifragmented fractures, resulting in strong and stable fixations with a bending rigidity of 0.28 (0.03) N m 2 and a maximum load before break of 220 (15) N. Evaluations on human cadaver hands with proximal phalanx fractures show that AdhFix withstands the forces from finger flexing exercises, while short‐ and long‐term in vivo rat femur fracture models show that AdhFix successfully supports bone healing without degradation, adverse effects, or soft‐tissue adhesions. This procedure represents a radical new approach to fracture fixation, which grants surgeons unparalleled customizability and does not result in soft‐tissue adhesions.
Void Flow Behavior in Structural Resin Transfer Molding (1993)

The void flow behavior in structural resin transfer molding (SRTM) was investigated by examining the flow behavior of the resin. Short-shot molded composites at different flow rates were fabricated by varying the mold filling conditions, decompression, injection pressure and speed. The impregnated area and the void distribution on the surfaces of molded composites were measured using an image analyzer. Cross-sectional views of the impregnated and void regions were observed. The flow behavior of resin into a closed mold cavity filled with a dry fiber reinforcement which involves flow through the gaps around the fiber bundles (macro-flow) and penetration of resin into the fiber bundles (micro-flow) was associated with void flow behavior. Larger bubbles were associated with air expelled from the gaps between fiber bundles as macro-flow occurred. Micro-flow to force resin to penetrate fiber bundles drove out the smaller bubbles. A slower flow rate was effective in removing bubbles, particularly smaller bubbles.
Shell-Engineered Chiroplasmonic Assemblies of Nanoparticles for Zeptomolar DNA Detection (2014)

DNA-bridged pairs of seemingly spherical metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have chiral geometry due to the nonideal oblong shape of the particles and scissor-like conformation. Here we demonstrate that deposition of gold and silver shells around the NP heterodimers enables spectral modulation of their chiroplasmonic bands in 400-600 nm region and results in significantly enhanced optical activity with g-factors reaching 1.21 × 10(-2). The multimetal heterodimers optimized for coupling with the spin angular momentum of incident photons enable polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA detection at the zeptomolar level. This significant improvement in the sensitivity of detection is attributed to improvement of base pairing in the presence of NPs, low background for chiroplasmonic detection protocol, and enhancement of photon-plasmon coupling for light with helicity matching that of the twisted geometry of the heterodimers.
The older patient with psychotic symptoms (1995)

Literature of the past ten years is reviewed to examine psychosocial, psychiatric, organic, and general medical causes of psychotic symptoms in persons over age 65. Being bedfast with poor caretaker relationships and being socially isolated are risk factors for psychosis among elderly persons. A thorough history is essential to differential diagnosis. Psychiatric causes to be ruled out include schizophrenia; depression, including mania; dementia and delirium; paranoid state; and late-life delusional disorder. Perhaps the most common etiology is cognitive impairment, generally attributable to Alzheimer's disease or multi-infarct dementia. Organic or toxic etiologies need to be ruled out, especially in persons with visual hallucinations. Drug toxicity, a structural brain lesion, or a subtle seizure disorder should be considered. If symptoms are not alleviated when psychosocial triggers or underlying toxic, organic, or medical causes are addressed, patients may respond to supportive therapy and low doses of high-potency neuroleptics. The clinician should keep in mind that older adults are highly sensitive to the side effects of these agents.
Real-time hierarchical bus system with Static arbitration using timer-controlled Priority Allocator for a multi-media SoC (2010)

Latest multi-media SoCs used in a digital product such as digital TV have a structure where a number of IPs with real-time requirement share one channel of off-chip SDRAM using high-frequency bus to achieve multi-function, high-performance, and low-cost. Thus, such a bus system is required that satisfies real-time requirement, realizes high-efficiency, and has hierarchical structure. In this bus system, bus arbitration plays a crucial role. In this paper, we show Static arbitration has an advantage in bus efficiency over existing arbitration algorithms. And we propose a real-time hierarchical bus system with Static arbitration using timer-controlled Priority Allocator and the Priority Level Transmission Mechanism. Simulation results show that the proposed bus system can satisfy real-time requirement, and is practical and efficient.
The development of descending and dorsal root connections in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the postnatal rat (1979)

Abstract Light and electron microscopy were used to study degenerating axons and synaptic endings in the lumbosacral spinal cord at different stages of postnatal development in the rat. After dorsal root section (L5‐S1) or mid‐thoracic hemisection of the spinal cord (T6‐T8), the distribution and type of degeneration argyrophilia were studied with the light microscope over varied post‐operative survival periods using a modified Fink‐Heimer method (Leonard, '74). The light microscopic results were correlated with the appearance of electron dense degeneration seen using the electron microscope. The distribution of degeneration found in the lumbosacral spinal cord after dorsal root section was similar at the neonatal (4d), weanling (21d) and adult stages. At the neonatal stage, the type of degeneration argyrophilia appeared at an earlier postoperative survival period (12 hours), and was maximal at an earlier time (12‐18 hours) than in older animals. The appearance of electron dense degeneration using the electron microscope matched the light microscopic findings. Electron dense degenerating synaptic knobs were found at the neonatal stage making asymmetrical contact with small dendrites in areas of the dorsal horn showing degeneration argyrophilia. No degeneration was found in the dorsal funiculus, dorsal horn or intermediate nucleus of Cajal (INC) after mid‐thoracic hemisection at the neonatal stage although degeneration was present elsewhere in the intermediate gray, in the ventral gray, and in the ventral and lateral funiculi. At this stage, the type of degeneration argyrophilia and time course of degeneration in the gray and white matter was identical to that found after dorsal root section in neonatal animals. The distribution of degeneration was not mature in the lumbosacral enlargement until 15d of age and the degeneration was still immature in the dorsal horn and INC at 21d of age. Although degeneration argyrophilia and electron dense degeneration was found in the ventromedial gray (lamina VIII) and lateral gray (laminae VI‐VII) at the neonatal stage, electron dense degenerating synaptic knobs were not observed in these areas until 12d of age for the ventromedial and 18d of age for the lateral gray matter even using a large number of different survival periods. Degenerating synaptic endings were first observed after mid‐thoracic hemisection during the period when behavioral maturation is nearing completion in the hindlimbs, and when response depression (spinal shock) increases and response recovery decreases after mid‐thoracic spinal transection (Weber and Stelzner, '77). Our data suggest that either the number of connections from descending sources increases markedly in the gray matter of the lumbosacral spinal cord during this period or connections, already present, reach a state of maturity where they can first be observed using the degeneration method of analysis.
On k -anonymity and the curse of dimensionality (2005)

In recent years, the wide availability of personal data has made the problem of privacy preserving data mining an important one. A number of methods have recently been proposed for privacy preserving data mining of multidimensional data records. One of the methods for privacy preserving data mining is that of anonymization, in which a record is released only if it is indistinguishable from k other entities in the data. We note that methods such as k-anonymity are highly dependent upon spatial locality in order to e#ectively implement the technique in a statistically robust way. In high dimensional space the data becomes sparse, and the concept of spatial locality is no longer easy to define from an application point of view. In this paper, we view the k-anonymization problem from the perspective of inference attacks over all possible combinations of attributes. We show that when the data contains a large number of attributes which may be considered quasi-identifiers, it becomes di#cult to anonymize the data without an unacceptably high amount of information loss. This is because an exponential number of combinations of dimensions can be used to make precise inference attacks, even when individual attributes are partially specified within a range. We provide an analysis of the e#ect of dimensionality on k-anonymity methods. We conclude that when a data set contains a large number of attributes which
Influence of the Assembly State on the Functionality of a Supramolecular Jagged1-Mimicking Peptide Additive (2019)

Expanding the bioactivation toolbox of supramolecular materials is of utmost relevance for their broad applicability in regenerative medicines. This study explores the functionality of a peptide mimic of the Notch ligand Jagged1 in a supramolecular system that is based on hydrogen bonding ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) units. The functionality of the peptide is studied when formulated as an additive in a supramolecular solid material and as a self-assembled system in solution. UPy conjugation of the DSL<sub>JAG1</sub> peptide sequence allows for the supramolecular functionalization of UPy-modified polycaprolactone, an elastomeric material, with UPy-DSL<sub>JAG1</sub>. Surface presentation of the UPy-DSL<sub>JAG1</sub> peptide was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, but no enhancement of Notch activity was detected in cells presenting Notch1 and Notch3 receptors. Nevertheless, a significant increase in Notch-signaling activity was observed when DSL<sub>JAG1</sub> peptides were administered in the soluble form, indicating that the activity of DSL<sub>JAG1</sub> is preserved after UPy functionalization but not after immobilization on a supramolecular solid material. Interestingly, an enhanced activity in solution of the UPy conjugate was detected compared with the unconjugated DSL<sub>JAG1</sub> peptide, suggesting that the self-assembly of supramolecular aggregates in solution ameliorates the functionality of the molecules in a biological context.
Embedded Interactive Systems: Toward Everyday Environments as the Interface (2003)

Under headings such as ubiquitous, invisible and ambient computing, new approaches to human-computer interfacing are investigated that give primacy to the physical world. It is envisioned that everyday objects and architectural spaces become the interfaces to an otherwise invisible computational system. In this abstract we examine three examples that explore this vision: a wall that is also a network, hallway posters that double as output medium, and a coffee table that is also an input device.
Human-in-the-loop active electrosense (2016)

Active electrosense is a non-visual, short range sensing system used by weakly electric fish, enabling such fish to locate and identify objects in total darkness. Here we report initial findings from the use of active electrosense for object localization during underwater teleoperation with a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display (HMD). The advantage of electrolocating with a VR system is that it naturally allows for aspects of the task that are difficult for a person to perform to be allocated to the computer. However, interpreting weak and incomplete patterns in the incoming data is something that people are typically far better at than computers. To achieve human-computer synergy, we integrated an active electrosense underwater robot with the Oculus Rift HMD. The virtual environment contains a visualization of the electric images of the objects surrounding the robot as well as various virtual fixtures that guide users to regions of higher information value. Initial user testing shows that these fixtures significantly reduce the time taken to localize an object, but may not increase the accuracy of the position estimate. Our results highlight the advantages of translating the unintuitive physics of electrolocation to an intuitive visual representation for accomplishing tasks in environments where imaging systems fail, such as in dark or turbid water.
Going Beyond Nouns With Vision & Language Models Using Synthetic Data (2023)

Large-scale pre-trained Vision &amp; Language (VL) models have shown remarkable performance in many applications, enabling replacing a fixed set of supported classes with zero-shot open vocabulary reasoning over (almost arbitrary) natural language prompts. However, recent works have uncovered a fundamental weakness of these models. For example, their difficulty to understand Visual Language Concepts (VLC) that go 'beyond nouns' such as the meaning of non-object words (e.g., attributes, actions, relations, states, etc.), or difficulty in performing compositional reasoning such as understanding the significance of the order of the words in a sentence. In this work, we investigate to which extent purely synthetic data could be leveraged to teach these models to overcome such shortcomings without compromising their zero-shot capabilities. We contribute Synthetic Visual Concepts (SyViC) - a million-scale synthetic dataset and data generation codebase allowing to generate additional suitable data to improve VLC understanding and compositional reasoning of VL models. Additionally, we propose a general VL finetuning strategy for effectively leveraging SyViC towards achieving these improvements. Our extensive experiments and ablations on VL-Checklist, Winoground, and ARO benchmarks demonstrate that it is possible to adapt strong pre-trained VL models with synthetic data significantly enhancing their VLC understanding (e.g. by 9.9% on ARO and 4.3% on VL-Checklist) with under 1% drop in their zero-shot accuracy.