gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do Spelling and Vocabulary Improve Classification Accuracy of Children's Reading Difficulties Over and Above Word Reading? (2023)

Abstract It is widely recognized that individuals with dyslexia have difficulties with word reading and spelling, and individuals with reading comprehension difficulties have low vocabulary knowledge. However, little is known about the extent to which spelling and vocabulary are informative of reading difficulties. In the present study, we investigated whether information on students' spelling and vocabulary in kindergarten increases the precision of identifying students with reading difficulties, using longitudinal data from kindergarten to Grade 2. The sample was composed of 247 kindergartners (55% boys; 56% White children, 35% African American children, and 5% mixed‐race children; 72% from low SES) who were followed to Grade 2. Spelling improved the accuracy of identifying students who experienced word reading difficulties in kindergarten and Grade 1. In contrast, vocabulary did not improve the accuracy of identifying students with reading difficulties over and above word reading and spelling. These results indicate the importance and utility of including spelling, in addition to word reading, as an integral part of accurately identifying children with reading difficulties as early as kindergarten. In addition, although vocabulary did not contribute additional predictive power, it is likely to exert its influence at a later phase of reading development.
Cheddar Cheese Flavor. IV. Directed and Accelerated Ripening Process (1967)

A process has been developed by which a liquid cheese product of characteristic Cheddar, Brick, or Romano flavor can be obtained from fresh curd in four or five days. The process appears to have industrial applications, and the products to have commercial uses.
Analysis of optic flow in the monkey parietal area 7a (1997)

Environmentally relevant stimuli were used to examine the selectivity of area 7a neurons to optic flow using moving, flickering dots. Monkeys performed a psychophysical task requiring them to detect changes in translation, rotational and radially structured optic flow fields consisting of collections of moving dots which are free of form cues. The neurons in area 7a were selectively responsive to all the different types of moving stimuli. Two types of tuning for motion selectivity were found. Some neurons were tuned to distinguish a particular direction of optic flow (e.g. radial expansion versus radial compression), while others were tuned to distinguish between different classes of optic flow (e.g. radial motion versus planar rotation). The latter tuning was unlike that reported for area MST by others and may represent a novel representation of optic flow. The response of these neurons to translating bars was compared to that of optic flow fields. There appeared to be no similarity in the tuning to the two types of motion. Furthermore, there does not appear to be an identity between the neurons that could be classified as opponent vector and those selective for radial optic flow. Area 7a is involved in the further analysis of optic flow beyond the cortical areas MT and MST and provides a novel representation of motion. These results are consistent with the neurons in area 7a utilizing motion for the construction of a spatial representation of extra-personal space.
Sexually dimorphic effects of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variants on Harm Avoidance (2012)

Findings lend support to a modulatory effect of common OXTR variants on Harm Avoidance in healthy caucasian women and invite resequencing of the gene in anxiety phenotypes to identify more explanatory functional variation.
Designing vector-friendly compact BLAS and LAPACK kernels (2017)

Many applications, such as PDE based simulations and machine learning, apply blas/lapack routines to large groups of small matrices. While existing batched blas APIs provide meaningful speedup for this problem type, a non-canonical data layout enabling cross-matrix vectorization may provide further significant speedup. In this paper, we propose a new compact data layout that interleaves matrices in blocks according to the SIMD vector length. We combine this compact data layout with a new interface to blas/lapack routines that can be used within a hierarchical parallel application. Our layout provides up to 14X, 45X, and 27X speedup against OpenMP loops around optimized dgemm, dtrsm and dgetrf kernels, respectively, on the Intel Knights Landing architecture. We discuss the compact batched blas/lapack implementations in two libraries, KokkosKernels and Intel® Math Kernel Library. We demonstrate the APIs in a line solver for coupled PDEs. Finally, we present detailed performance analysis of our kernels.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura and cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis exhibit different HLA-DRB1 associations. (2002)

HSP and CLA exhibit different HLA-DRB1 genotype associations.
Structural Analysis of the Neuronal SNARE Protein Syntaxin-1A, (2000)

Intracellular trafficking depends on the docking and fusion of transport vesicles with cellular membranes. Central to docking and fusion is the pairing of SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) associated with the vesicle and target membranes (v- and t-SNAREs, respectively). Here, the X-ray structure of an N-terminal conserved domain of the neuronal t-SNARE syntaxin-1A was determined to a resolution of 1.9 A using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. This X-ray structure, which is in general agreement with an NMR structure of a similar fragment, provides new insight into the interaction surface between the N-terminal domain and the remainder of the protein. In vitro characterization of the intact cytoplasmic domain of syntaxin revealed that it forms dimers, and probably tetramers, at low micromolar concentrations, with concomitant structural changes that can be detected by limited proteolysis. These observations suggest that the promiscuity characteristic of pairing between v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs extends to the formation of homo-oligomeric t-SNARE complexes as well. They also suggest a potential role for the neuronal Sec1 protein (nSec1) in preventing the formation of syntaxin multimers.
Low Cost Space Demonstration for a Single-Person Spacecraft (2011)

This paper introduces a concept for a single-person spacecraft and presents plans for flying a low-cost, robotic demonstration mission. Called FlexCraft, the vehicle integrates propulsion and robotics into a small spacecraft that enables rapid, shirt-sleeve access to space. It can be flown by astronauts or tele-operated and is equipped with interchangeable manipulators used for maintaining the International Space Station (ISS), exploring asteroids, and servicing telescopes or satellites. Most FlexCraft systems are verified using ground facilities; however, a test in the weightless environment is needed to assess propulsion and manipulator performance. For this, a simplified, unmanned, version of FlexCraft is flown on a low-cost launch vehicle to a 350 km circular orbit. After separation from the upper stage, the vehicle returns to a target box mounted on the stage testing the propulsion and control capability. The box is equipped with manipulator test items that are representative of tasks performed on ISS, asteroid missions, or for satellites servicing. Nominal and off-nominal operations are conducted over 3 days then the vehicle re-enters the atmosphere without becoming a debris hazard. From concept to management to operations, the FlexCraft demonstration is designed to be low cost project that is launched within three years. This is possible using a simplified test configuration that eliminates nine systems unique to the operational version and by designing-to-availability. For example, the propulsion system is the same as the Manned Maneuvering Unit because it capable, simple, human-rated and all components or equivalent parts are available. A description of the launch vehicle options, mission operations, configuration, and demonstrator subsystems is presented.
A Case History Of Optimizing Casing-Conveyed Perforating and Completion Systems in Tight Gas Reservoirs, Kenai Gas Field, Alaska (2004)

Abstract Nine (9) wells have been successfully drilled, cemented and fracture stimulated in the tight gas sands of four (4) separate fields on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska utilizing an industry unique Casing-Conveyed Perforating System (CCPS). For this nine (9) well program, 124 CCPS modules have been run, cemented in place, detonated and fracture stimulated. Of the nine (9) wells the initial five (5) wells were stimulated with an oil-based fluid while the most recent four (4) have utilized a water-based system. While the project has been an overall success, the drilling and completion team continues to utilize new and innovative technologies to optimize well performance and economics. The normally-pressured middle and lower Beluga sands in the Kenai Gas (KG) and Beaver Creek (BC) areas exhibit significant vertical sections frequently exceeding 1,700 ft. The vertical pay quality is quite variable and consists of stacked fluvial sandstones 5 ft to 30 ft thick. The mineralogical composition of the sands is complex including a high percentage of quartz, clays, volcanics, coals, and fines with permeability ranging from 0.01 to 3 millidarcies. The sandstone packages are bounded by discontinuous shale, siltstone, and coal beds and present a challenging fracture stimulation environment. Produced gas is lean with a specific gravity of 0.56 with no condensate. As mentioned above one of the most robust changes to the project has been a shift from a crosslinked oil-based (diesel) fracturing fluid to a "new-generation" aqueous based guar-borate system. This step change was made at the conclusion of extensive laboratory studies on core sections and has provided significant improvement with HSE, completion operations, well performance and ROI. This case history paper reviews the revolutionary casing-conveyed perforating system, provides an overview of the nine (9) wells completed to date and describes the laboratory test procedures and results used to validate the use of a water-based fracturing fluid. Project cost savings are also discussed pertaining to the Total Cost of Service (TCS) differences between hydrocarbon and water-based fracturing fluids in a cold weather environment.
Limited Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Acyclic Oxygenated Volatile Chemical Products (2022)

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) have recently been identified as potentially important unconventional sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), in part due to the mitigation of conventional emissions such as vehicle exhaust. Here, we report measurements of SOA production in an oxidation flow reactor from a series of common VCPs containing oxygenated functional groups and at least one oxygen within the molecular backbone. These include two oxygenated aromatic species (phenoxyethanol and 1-phenoxy-2-propanol), two esters (butyl butyrate and butyl acetate), and four glycol ethers (carbitol, methyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, and hexyl carbitol). We measured gas- and particle-phase products with a suite of mass spectrometers and particle-sizing instruments. Only the aromatic VCPs produce SOA with substantial yields. For the acyclic VCPs, ether and ester functionality promotes fragmentation and hinders autoxidation, whereas aromatic rings drive SOA formation in spite of the presence of ether groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a potential strategy to reduce urban SOA from VCPs would be to reformulate consumer products to include less oxygenated aromatic compounds.
“Click” Chemistry as a Promising Tool for Side-Chain Functionalization of Polyurethanes (2008)

Linear polyurethanes (PUs) having alkyne groups located along the backbone have been synthesized by reacting two different alkyne-functionalized diols with a diisocyanate compound. 1H NMR and FTIR proved the presence of these functional groups and the ability for the introduction of an elevated and controllable amount of functional groups that do not interfere with the PU chemistry. TGA measurements demonstrated that the incorporated alkyne diol in the PU materials strongly improves the final char yield. In the second part of the work, the copper catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was undertaken between the alkyne-functionalized PUs and a variety of azide compounds such as benzyl azide and different fluorinated azide compounds, resulting in side-chain functionalized PUs with varying degree of functionalization. 1H NMR spectra clearly indicated the quantitative yields of the “click” reaction.
Advances in the management of gout: Critical appraisal of febuxostat in the control of hyperuricemia (2010)

Gout recently passed rheumatoid arthritis to become the most common inflammatory arthritis in the United States (US). However, epidemiologic studies indicate that the quality of gout management is suboptimal owing to both patient and physician issues. Only three options for urate-lowering therapy are currently available in the US: allopurinol, probenecid, and recently, febuxostat. Probenecid is generally safe except for the occurrence of urolithiasis, but is only effective for the subset of patients with better kidney function. Allopurinol use is limited due to its side effects, potential toxicity of uncertain magnitude in patients with renal disease, and failure to achieve targeted serum urate levels. In part this failure may be due to the necessity for it to be titrated for optimal therapeutic effect. Febuxostat is a new medication that may offer several advantages and can be given as an alternative to allopurinol. We review the basic biology and clinical performance of febuxostat, and consider the potential utility of this agent in comparison to the older, better-established gout therapeutics.
Facile preparation of NH2-functionalized black phosphorene for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (2018)

We report a facile solid exfoliation method to prepare NH<sub>2</sub>-functionalized few-layer black phosphorene for use as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Touch-Based Magnetic Communication through Your Hand (2018)

Near field communication (NFC), which emerged only a decade ago, has been rapidly adopted in business services including point-of-sale (POS) systems, payments, identification, ticketing, and various other types of services. NFC offers great and varied promise in providing secure and implicit paired communication capability in smartphones. As a short-range wireless communication technology, the level of "secure" is contributed by the short-range nature. Compared with other competitive technologies, NFC achieves physical-level security but sacrifices convenience. For example, NFC cannot achieve device-free or hands-free payment transactions like the service provided by PayPal called PayPal beacon which utilizes Bluetooth-low-energy (BLE) technology. In this paper, we propose a low-cost wearable device that can achieve better physical-level security than NFC provides. This system is compatible with existing NFC-based POS systems and can help users realize a convenient hands-free payment transaction. Specifically, a custom NFC wristband was designed to channel its magnetic field through the human arm. By confining the magnetic field in NFC to the area around the body, we could minimize energy radiation, reduce the possibility of communication sniffing and hijackings, and improve security. To evaluate this approach, we conducted various experiments via different configurations. The results showed that the communication range for the human body channel was greater than that of the air and water channels. In addition, through this study we demonstrated that the human body is a naturally secure channel, and hacking and nearby interference are minimized during such communication. Our system also defines a new way of communication, for example, people can share confidential information with a simple handshake without pulling out and touching, or tapping smartphones.
1P1-K02 Development of a Small Autonomous Mobile Crawler System using a Temporal Expansion 2D Grid Map(Wheeled Robot/Tracked Vehicle) (2011)

This paper describes a development of a small autonomous mobile crawler system using a temporal expansive two-dimensional grid map for the purpose of exploring the disaster site. The environmental map generated from the laser scanner and gyroscope is unsuitable for the actual environment because of the use of low-precision sensors. Therefore we propose the temporal expansion two-dimensional grid map to differentiate the overlapping of the grid map by time-tagging measurements of a laser scanner. As a result of the actual environment test, it can be concluded that the proposed crawler system can estimate the accurate location to differentiate the overlapping using the proposed temporal expansive two-dimensional grid map.
Transversal-readout architecture for CMOS active pixel image sensors (2003)

Novel architecture for CMOS active pixel image sensors (APSs), which eliminates the vertically striped fixed pattern noise (FPN), is presented. There are two kinds of FPN for CMOS APSs. One originates from the pixel-to-pixel variation in dark current and source-follower threshold voltage, and the other from the column-to-column variation in column readout structures. The former may become invisible in the future due to process improvements. However, the latter, which results in a vertically striped FPN, is and will be conspicuous without some subtraction because of the correlation in the vertical direction. The pixel consists of a photodiode, a row- and column-reset transistor, a source-follower input transistor, and a column-select transistor instead of the row-select transistor found in conventional CMOS APSs. The column-select transistor is connected to a signal line that runs horizontally instead of vertically. An experimentally fabricated 320/spl times/240-pixel CMOS APS employing the transversal-readout architecture exhibited neither vertically nor horizontally striped FPN. A buried-photodiode device with the transversal-readout architecture is also proposed.
The Effect of Venous Pulsation on the Forehead Pulse Oximeter Wave Form as a Possible Source of Error in Spo2 Calculation (2005)

Reflective forehead pulse oximeter sensors have recently been introduced into clinical practice. They reportedly have the advantage of faster response times and immunity to the effects of vasoconstriction. Of concern are reports of signal instability and erroneously low Spo(2) values with some of these new sensors. During a study of the plethysmographic wave forms from various sites (finger, ear, and forehead) it was noted that in some cases the forehead wave form became unexpectedly complex in configuration. The plethysmographic signals from 25 general anesthetic cases were obtained, which revealed the complex forehead wave form during 5 cases. We hypothesized that the complex wave form was attributable to an underlying venous signal. It was determined that the use of a pressure dressing over the sensor resulted in a return of a normal plethysmographic wave form. Further examination of the complex forehead wave form reveal a morphology consistent with a central venous trace with atrial, cuspidal, and venous waves. It is speculated that the presence of the venous signal is the source of the problems reported with the forehead sensors. It is believed that the venous wave form is a result of the method of attachment rather than the use of reflective plethysmographic sensors.
Improving tracking accuracy of a MIMO state feedback controller for elastic joint robots (2014)

In this paper a control scheme is addressed to improve the tracking accuracy of flexible joint robots without replacing the structure of a MIMO state feedback controller which is used effectually with the DLR medical robots. By using the desired position, the new desired link torque, as well as their derivatives the effects of nonlinear dynamics are compensated and the tracking accuracy is thereby increased. Hereby, the new desired link torque takes the whole rigid body dynamics into account, not only the friction and gravitation compensation terms. A stability analysis based on the Lyapunov theory and Barbalat's lemma is given for this new MIMO state feedback control scheme. Experimental results validate the practical efficiency of the approach.
Quantum strategies and evolutionary stability (in Urdu) (2019)

This article in Urdu presents an introduction to extension of an established branch of mathematics called game theory towards the quantum domain. We describe concepts of quantum games and evolutionary stability and go through some of the unanswered questions in this research area.
Carotenoids and Protection against Solar UV Radiation (2002)

Upon exposure to UV light photooxidative reactions are initiated which are damaging to biomolecules and affect the integrity of cells and tissues. Photooxidative damage plays a role in pathological processes and is involved in the development of disorders affecting the skin. When skin is exposed to UV light, erythema is observed as an initial reaction. Carotenoids like beta-carotene or lycopene are efficient antioxidants scavenging singlet molecular oxygen and peroxyl radicals generated in during photooxidation. When beta-carotene was applied as such or in combination with alpha-tocopherol for 12 weeks, erythema formation induced with a solar light simulator was diminished from week 8 on. Similar effects were also achieved with a diet rich in lycopene. Ingestion of tomato paste corresponding to a dose of 16 mg lycopene/ day over 10 weeks led to increases in serum levels of lycopene and total carotenoids in skin. At week 10, erythema formation was significantly lower in the group that ingested the tomato paste as compared to the control group. No significant difference was found at week 4 of treatment. Thus, protection against UV light-induced erythema can be achieved by ingestion of a commonly consumed dietary source of lycopene. Such protective effects of carotenoids were also demonstrated in cell culture. The in-vitro data indicate that there is an optimal level of protection for each carotenoid.
Interrelationships Between Human Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100 Kinetics Using Stable Isotopes (2004)

Two links exist between apoA-I and apoB kinetics: 1) when LDL apoB-100 PS is high, there is increased apoA-I PR; and 2) delayed chylomicron remnant clearance (represented by apoB-48 FCR) is associated with enhanced apoA-I FCR, a finding indicating that alterations in intestinal lipoproteins may be more important in determining HDL cholesterol levels than changes in liver lipoproteins. Using stable isotopes in humans, 2 links were observed between apoA-I and apoB kinetics: (1) when LDL apoB-100 PS is high, there is increased apoA-I PR; and (2) delayed chylomicron remnant clearance is associated with enhanced apoA-I FCR, indicating that alterations in intestinal lipoproteins may be more important in determining HDL-C levels than changes in liver lipoprotein particles.