gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOEML: Smart Object Events Modeling Language based on Temporal Intervals (2009)

This paper proposes a smart object event modeling language. By attaching sensor nodes to everyday objects, users can augment the objects digitally and apply the objects into various services. When creating such smart object services, users should define events, such as beverage of a cup turns cold or someone sits down on a chair, using physical values from sensors. The most common event definition for end-users is simply describing threshold of sensor values and boolean operation. When they want to define more complex events, such as multiple people sit down on chairs or a user starts to study using a pen and a notebook, they need to use a programming language. To define such complex event easily without complex programming language, we present a new event description language called SOEML based on temporal relation among simple events. We also provide users a visual interface to support users defining or reusing events easily.
An ultra low voltage subthreshold standard cell based memories for IoT applications (2020)

In this paper, we have designed an ultra low voltage standard cell based memory (SCM) in the subthreshold domain. The SCM has been synthesized, placed and routed based on an ultra low voltage full custom standard cell library using 130 nm process technology, functional for subthreshold supply voltages as low as 140 mV, which is well below the supply voltages reported in the previous works of SCMs. This SCM has been designed based on the standard D-latch which holds data at a supply voltage as low as 170 mV. The designed SCM is functional for a temperature range of 27-50 °C applicable for implantable biomedical systems requiring small memory capacity. According to the simulations from the extracted netlist, the energy per bit access at Vdd=200 mV and 333 kHz frequency, suitable for many loT applications, is 1.54 fJ.
A NEW TRANSFECTANT PANEL CELL LINE-BASED MOAB-INDEPENDENT ANTIGEN CAPTURE ASSAY SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF CD36 ANTIBODY (2014)

背景と目的：CD36抗体は，新生児同種免疫性血小板減少症，血小板輸血不応症，非溶血性輸血副作用などの疾患や病態を引き起こす重要な抗体であるが，抗体検出に当たってはゴールドスタンダードといえる検査方法はない．材料と方法：抗原捕捉原理に基づくがモノクローナル抗体を必要とせず，標的細胞としては遺伝子導入細胞を使用する，CD36抗体検出のための新たな検査方法を樹立することを目的とした．また，同法とMAIPA法とを感度と特異性の2点において比較した．結果：今回の新たな検査法は，（1）血小板パネルの替りに遺伝子導入細胞を使用し，（2）HLA抗体の混在に影響を受けず，（3）特異性を高めるために通常用いられるCD36モノクローナル抗体が不要であるという3点の特徴を持つ．また，MAIPA法に比して，特異性，感度共に非常に良好な成績を示した．結論：今回の新たな検査法は，CD36抗体検出において感度，特異性共に優れた検査方法である．
The Hydrolysis of Some β-Alkoxypropionitriles1 (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrolysis of Some β-Alkoxypropionitriles1Robert V. Christian Jr. and R. M. HixonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 4, 1333–1336Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01184a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01184a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contrasting Behavior of Conformationally Locked Carbocyclic Nucleosides of Adenosine and Cytidine as Substrates for Deaminases (2009)

In addition to the already known differences between adenosine deaminase (ADA) and cytidine deaminase (CDA) in terms of their tertiary structure, the sphere of Zn(+2) coordination, and their reverse stereochemical preference, we present evidence that the enzymes also differ significantly in terms of the North/South conformational preferences for their substrates and the extent to which the lack of the O(4') oxygen affects the kinetics of the enzymatic deamination of carbocyclic substrates. The carbocyclic nucleoside substrates used in this study have either a flexible cyclopentane ring or a rigid bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold.
Association of Free Arginine and Lysine Concentrations in Human Parotid Saliva with Caries Experience (1995)

We determined the free-amino acid content of stimulated parotid (ductal) saliva from two groups of adult subjects whose caries experiences were markedly different. The levels of free arginine and free lysine in the parotid saliva of caries-free adults were significantly higher than those found in the parotid saliva of individuals with a history of dental decay. There was no correlation, however, between the levels of these amino acids and the DMFS score within the caries-susceptible groups. Microbial catabolism of dibasic amino acids contributes to the neutralization of plaque acids and may partially account for the higher resting plaque pH observed in caries-free subjects. Alternatively, the elevations observed in free levels of arginine and lysine may reflect a systemic alteration in amino acid metabolism which is common to the caries-free group of subjects.
A Review of Coherent Optical Communication (1985)

Coherent optical communications for fiber transmission media are being seriously considered for both commercial and military applications. A variety of modulation schemes have been examined both in the laboratory and in field trials to verify the feasibility of this transmission technique using optical fibers. This paper will review coherent transmission techniques including optical heterodyne receiver concepts, implementation considerations, and device requirements. Some generic applications of these techniques to military communication systems will then be discussed.
Crystallization of TiO 2 Powders and Thin Films Prepared from Modified Titanium Alkoxide Precursors (2008)

The modification of titanium alkoxides by chemical reactions with ligands yields complexes or molecular clusters that are substantially different from those of the parent alkoxides. In this study, we investigate the structural evolution of powders and thin films prepared from two titanium oxo‐alkoxyacylate clusters with different oxo‐core structures [Ti 6 (μ 3 ‐O) 2 (μ 2 ‐O) 2 ](CH 3 COO) 8 (μ 2 ‐O i Pr) 2 (O i Pr) 6 and [Ti 6 (μ 3 ‐O) 6 ](μ‐RCOO) 6 (O i Pr) 6 ([6,4] and [6,6], respectively) as a function of annealing temperature. The structural evolution of powders and thin films prepared from the corresponding parent alkoxide Ti(O i Pr) 4 (TiP) were also investigated for comparison. In all powders, the amorphous‐to‐anatase transformation occurred upon heating to 400°C. In sharp contrast, the anatase‐to‐rutile transformation of the powder prepared from the [6,6] cluster was significantly inhibited compared with the conventionally derived powder, with no rutile being detected even after annealing at 800°C for 1 h. This was attributed to the small crystallite size in the [6,6]‐derived powder, which is lower than the critical size previously reported for the anatase‐to‐rutile transformation in similar sol–gel‐derived materials. In thin films, the amorphous‐to‐anatase phase transition also occurred at temperatures as low as 400°C for coatings deposited from conventional TiP precursor and [6,4] cluster solutions. However, in contrast to the corresponding powders no rutile nucleation occurred even at 800°C in either film.
Digital twin of a MWh-scale grid battery system for efficiency and degradation analysis (2023)

Large-scale grid-connected lithium-ion batteries are increasingly being deployed to support renewable energy roll-out on the power grid. These battery systems consist of thousands of individual cells and various ancillary systems for monitoring and control. Although many studies have focused on the behaviour of single lithium-ion cells, the impact of system design choices and ancillary system controls on long-term degradation and efficiency of these systems, containing thousands of cells, has rarely been considered in detail. Here, we simulate a 1 MWh grid battery system consisting of 18,900 individual cells, each represented by a separate electrochemical model, as well as the thermal management system and power electronic converters. Simulations of the impact of cell-to-cell variability, thermal effects, and degradation effects were run for up to 10,000 cycles and 10 years. It is shown that electrical contact resistances and cell-to-cell variations in initial capacity and resistance have a smaller effect on performance than previously thought. Instead, the variation in degradation rate of individual cells dominates the system behaviour over the lifetime. The importance of careful thermal management system control is demonstrated, with proportional control improving overall efficiency by 5%-pts over on–off methods, also increasing the total usable energy of the battery by 5%-pts after 10 years.
HEMORRHAGIC DETACHMENT OF THE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AFTER PENETRATING OCULAR INJURY (1992)

During surgery to remove an intraocular gunshot pellet, a loculated "preretinal" hemorrhage was identified. This provided an opportunity to evaluate the structural identity of the inner wall, presumably representing detached posterior vitreous. The preretinal membrane was excised and evaluated using lectin histochemical analysis. All lectins tested bound to the excised tissue, supporting the conclusion that the membrane was a hemorrhagic internal limiting membrane detachment resulting from direct penetrating ocular injury. During intraoperative biomicroscopic examination, this detachment was indistinguishable from a subhyaloid hemorrhage. Because there are no natural history studies on internal limiting membrane loss and damage to retinal visual function, caution is urged in the surgical management of these lesions.
Manganese-Catalyzed Late-Stage Aliphatic C–H Azidation (2015)

We report a manganese-catalyzed aliphatic C-H azidation reaction that can efficiently convert secondary, tertiary, and benzylic C-H bonds to the corresponding azides. The method utilizes aqueous sodium azide solution as the azide source and can be performed under air. Besides its operational simplicity, the potential of this method for late-stage functionalization has been demonstrated by successful azidation of various bioactive molecules with yields up to 74%, including the important drugs pregabalin, memantine, and the antimalarial artemisinin. Azidation of celestolide with a chiral manganese salen catalyst afforded the azide product in 70% ee, representing a Mn-catalyzed enantioselective aliphatic C-H azidation reaction. Considering the versatile roles of organic azides in modern chemistry and the ubiquity of aliphatic C-H bonds in organic molecules, we envision that this Mn-azidation method will find wide application in organic synthesis, drug discovery, and chemical biology.
Bidirectional MHz-switching Multi-cell Converter for Low-voltage Bufferless Power Electronic Transformer (BLPET) (2021)

Multicellular buffer-less power electronic transformer (BLPET) has been newly proposed to develop high power density industrial control transformers. The bidirectional and unregulated isolated dc-dc converters of over 1 MHz switching frequency are utilized for the cell converters, and the cell converters are stacked based on the ISOP (Input Series Output Parallel) -IPOS (Input Parallel Output Series) connection topology to realize higher voltage multi-cell PET operated at over 1 MHz switching frequency. The high frequency multi-cell PET enables to reverse the power flow derived from the reactive load instantaneously without the large energy buffer capacitors. An ac 100 V-ac 100 V, 1.35 kVA multi-cell BLPET has been fabricated, and the successful circuit operation under the inductive load condition with the power factor of 0.7 has been verified experimentally. The proposed approach has also demonstrated the potential to realize the volume reduction of 1/14 and the weight saving of 1/40 compared with the commercially available ac 100 V line frequency transformer.
The application of the surface energy based solubility parameter theory for the rational design of polymer-functionalized MWCNTs (2019)

The surface energy based solubility parameters theory was applied to model the degree of polystyrene-functionalisation of MWCNTs in six different organic solvents. The experimental characterization of the polymer-functionalized MWCNTs is consistent with the predictions of this model providing a breakthrough towards the rational design of functionalized MWCNTs based on thermodynamic parameters.
Multifilamentary niobium tin magnet conductors (1975)

Practical magnet conductors of multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn have been produced in a collaborative programme between A.E.R.E. Harwell and Rutherford Laboratory. The evaluation of these bronze route conductors is described. Conductors studied range from a 1369 filament all-bronze matrix conductor to 5143 and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim42,000</tex> filament conductors, containing internal high purity copper protected by diffusion barriers. Filament sizes vary from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 3 - 8 \mu</tex> m diameter. The effect of heat treatment conditions on critical current and transition temperature is presented and it is shown that overall critical current densities greater than those available in niobium titanium can now be produced in multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn magnet conductor.
A Dual-Engine for Early Analysis of Critical Systems (2011)

This paper presents a framework for modeling, simulating, and checking properties of critical systems based on the Alloy language -a declarative, first-order, relational logic with a built-in transitive closure operator.The paper introduces a new dual-analysis engine that is capable of providing both counterexamples and proofs.Counterexamples are found fully automatically using an SMT solver, which provides a better support for numerical expressions than the existing Alloy Analyzer.Proofs, however, cannot always be found automatically since the Alloy language is undecidable.Our engine offers an economical approach by first trying to prove properties using a fully-automatic, SMT-based analysis, and switches to an interactive theorem prover only if the first attempt fails.This paper also reports on applying our framework to Microsoft's COM standard and the mark-and-sweep garbage collection algorithm.
Mechanical BEoL Stability Investigation at Cu-Pillars under Cyclic Load (2021)

In this work, a method is introduced which enables the evaluation of the influence of cyclical mechanical stress on the back end of line (BEoL) stack by applying shear load to single adjacent Copper (Cu-)pillars. This method is a subsequent development of previous work [1]. The objective of the approach presented in this work is to realize micromechanical loading scenarios which emulate application conditions more precisely compared to e.g. pure shear testing [1],[2],[3] or bump assisted BEoL stability indentation (BABSI) testing [4]. These methods are designed to evaluate the mechanical robustness of the BEoL stack and analyze the occurring damage processes, but they do not mimic the actual load conditions of a flip chip (FC) soldered die in which the Cupillars are immobilized by solder joints and, to a lesser extent, the underfill. In this work, a micromechanical loading approach is introduced which creates a loading situation which is closer to the actual application scenario. A customized indenter tip was utilized to provide the immobilization of single Cu-pillars and load them micromechanically. In a first approach, Cu-pillar shear-off experiments were performed in order to identify the maximum shear force before delamination and the related damage mode. In a second step, sub-critical cycling loading experiments were performed on single Cu-pillars to emulate the change of shear force direction as it can also occur in the field and evaluate the effect on the BEoL stack. Acoustic Emission (AE) measurements were utilized as a damage indicator during mechanical loading. The damage analysis was conducted utilizing nano X-ray computed tomography (nXCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including the imaging of focused ion beam (FIB) milled cross sections. The identified damages are mainly a deformation of the Aluminum contact pad and the polyimide (PI) surface passivation. However, also cracking could be identified which progressed through the Aluminum pad into the BEoL stack. The crack path is mostly defined by the layout of the Copper grid in the uppermost layers of the BEoL stack. The presence of Copper can deflect cracks and prevent the penetration of the BEoL stack. For this reason, the most severe damages, i.e. the deepest penetration of the BEoL stack, were detected in areas where gaps in the grid of the two uppermost metallization layers are located directly above each other.
Super-High Density Optical Disk using Deep Groove method (1996)

For the purpose to achieve large capacity and high density of optical disks, it is indispensable to narrow the track pitch. The track pitch decides the distance between recorded marks on a track and the adjacent track. To narrow the track pitch, the following two technical issues should be settled. One of the issues is the optical cross-talk from the adjacent track, the other is the thermal cross-talk to the adjacent track. (This thermal cross-talk is often called “cross-erase”.) For suppressing the optical cross-talk, the land/groove recording method 1) and the magnetic super-resolution method 2) have already been reported. Meanwhile, there is no report which clarifies how to decrease the thermal cross-talk. In the actual cases, the lower limit of the track pitch depends on the thermal cross-talk 3) . This paper describes the suppression of the thermal cross-talk by adjusting the groove depth more deeply. We call this technology “Deep Groove method”.
Mechanisms of Targeting the MDM2-p53-FOXM1 Axis in Well-Differentiated Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (2017)

In summary, MDM2 overexpression is a frequent event in p53 wild-type intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms and therefore recovery of a p53 response might be a novel personalized treatment approach in these tumors.
Tissue Kallikrein and Tonin Levels in Submandibular Glands of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats and the Effects of Insulin (1993)

The levels of tissue kallikrein, tonin, and other kallikrein-like proteinases were determined in extracts of rat submandibular glands 3 mo after the induction of diabetes with STZ (65 mg/kg i.v.). Total kallikrein-like proteinase activity was assayed catalytically with the fluorogenic substrate DVLR-AFC. Tissue kallikrein was assayed by using the same substrate in the presence of SBTI. Activity of other kallikrein-like proteinases was defined as the difference between the total kallikrein-like activity and that of tissue kallikrein. Tonin was assayed by using the substrate ZVKKR-AFC in the presence of aprotinin. Results were compared with age-matched controls and with diabetic rats that had received daily insulin injections for the last week of the test period. The results showed that all activities were significantly reduced in diabetic glands compared with controls. Insulin treatment restored concentrations of tissue kallikrein activity, whereas the activities of tonin and other kallikrein-like proteinases were unchanged. RIA supported these findings. The results indicate that in rat submandibular glands, insulin affects the synthesis of kallikrein-like proteinases in different ways and, allowing for the slowness of the processes involved, insulin may exert a direct influence on the regulation of tissue kallikrein synthesis but only have indirect effects on the synthesis of tonin and the closely related kallikrein-like proteinases.
Umsetzungen von Diazoessigester und Diazoacetophenon mit Di‐ und Triphenylcyclopentendionen (1962)

Abstract 3.4.5‐Triphenyl‐cyclopenten‐(4)‐dion‐(1.2) (I) addiert in Abwesenheit von Katalysatoren langsam 1 Mol. Diazoessigsäureäthylester. Das Addukt (II) wandelt sich bei Säureeinwirkung unter N 2 ‐Abspaltung in das Brenzkatechin‐Derivat III um, das durch konz. Schwefelsäure zum Fluorenon‐Derivat V cyclisiert wird. — Bei Zusatz von Zinkchlorid reagieren Di‐ und Triphenylcyclopentendione mit Diazoessigester rasch unter N 2 ‐Abspaltung. Dabei entsteht aus I das Resorcin Derivat IV neben dem Brenzkatechin‐Derivat III, während aus VIa und VIb nur die Resorcin‐Derivate VIIa bzw. VIIb erhalten werden. — Mit Diazoacetophenon bilden sich aus I und VIa in Gegenwart von Zinkchlorid nur 2‐Benzoyl‐resorcine (X bzw. IX).
Biochemical Adaptations in a Slow and a Fast Plantarflexor Muscle of Rats Housed in Small Cages (2016)

Restricted activity decreased the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and increased the mRNA levels of forkhead box-containing protein O1, which are associated with reduced oxidative capacity and atrophy, respectively, in the muscles. The plantaris muscle was more affected by restricted activity than the soleus muscle, most likely reflecting a greater relative change in the normal activity pattern in the fast than slow plantarflexor muscle. Takemura A, Roy RR, Edgerton VR, Ishihara A. Biochemical adaptations in a slow and a fast plantarflexor muscle of rats housed in small cages.
Applications of Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes to Electrochemical Sensors (2008)

Conductive boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes are very attractive electrode materials because of their superior electrochemical properties such as wide potential window, low background current, chemical inertness, and mechanical durability. We have studied the application of diamond electrodes as electrochemical sensors for the detection of several types of biochemical species or environmental pollutants. For example, free chlorine, metals (Zn, etc), and proteins including cancer markers could be detected by using the diamond electrodes with very high sensitivity and high stability. Furthermore, modified diamond electrodes such as ion-implanted diamond electrodes and diamond electrodes with micro-meter size were also prepared in order to improve the electrochemical properties. Here, several examples for electrochemical applications by using the boron-doped diamond electrodes were introduced.
Fine nickel holds out hope of improved PM steel properties (2006)

Extra fine nickel admixed with prealloyed PM steel powders boosted characteristics through better diffusion, while saving money and boosting industrial hygiene, says an Inco team…