gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Triggered Phase-Transition Cationic Nanodroplets for Enhanced Gene Delivery (2015)

Ultrasound as an external stimulus for enhanced gene transfection represents a safe, noninvasive, cost-effective delivery strategy for gene therapy. Herein, we have developed an ultrasound-triggered phase-transition cationic nanodroplet based on a novel perfluorinated amphiphilic poly(amino acid), which could simultaneously load perfluoropentane (PFP) and nucleic acids. The heptadecafluoroundecylamine (C11F17-NH2) was chosen to initiate β-benzyl-L-aspartate N-carboxyanhydride (BLA-NCA) ring-opening polymerization to prepare C11F17-poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) (C11F17-PBLA). Subsequently, C11F17-poly{N-[N'-(2-aminoethyl)]aspartamide} [C11F17-PAsp(DET)] was synthesized by aminolysis reaction of C11F17-PBLA with diethylenetriamine (DET). PFP/pDNA-loaded nanodroplets PFP-TNDs [PFP/C11F17-PAsp(DET)/LucDNA/γ-PGA or poly(glutamic acid)-g-MeO-poly(ethylene glycol) (PGA-g-mPEG) ternary nanodroplets] were primarily formulated by an oil/water emulsification method, followed by surface modification with PGA-g-mPEG. The average diameter of PFP-TNDs ranged from 300 to 400 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images showed that the nanodroplets were nearly spherical in shape. The ζ potential of the nanodroplets dramatically decreased from +54.3 to +15.3 mV after modification with PGA-g-mPEG, resulting in a significant increase of the stability of the nanodroplets in the serum-containing condition. With ultrasound irradiation, the gene transfection efficiency was enhanced 14-fold on HepG2 cells, and ultrasound-triggered phase-transition cationic nanodroplets also displayed a good ultrasound contrast effect. These results suggest that the PFP/DNA-loaded phase-transition cationic nanodroplets can be utilized as efficient theranostic agents for targeting gene delivery.
Pulsed electric field induced changes in dielectric properties of biological cells (2009)

The initial response of a cell to an applied electric field is determined by its dielectric properties. Conversely, exposure to an electric field can alter these parameters. Hence, an understanding of dielectric membrane phenomena helps in explaining the underlying interaction mechanisms. Moreover, different electrical characteristics might also allow devising exposure conditions for pulsed electric field treatments that can preferentially target specific cells, such as tumor cells. Using time domain reflectometry dielectric spectroscopy, we have investigated the dielectric properties of Jurkat cells, a malignant human T-cell line, before and after application of microsecond and nanosecond pulsed electric fields. For microsecond exposures, the conductivity of a cell suspension is expected to increase dramatically following pulse application, suggesting that membrane poration has occurred. For nanosecond-duration pulses, our measurements indicate that changes in the dielectric properties of nuclear envelope, and nucleoplasm are more pronounced than for microsecond pulse duration, implying that intracellular structures are more responsive to shorter pulses.
Intranasal delivery of bone marrow stromal cells to spinal cord lesions (2015)

BMSCs reached the injured spinal cord through the intranasal route and contributed to the recovery of hind limb motor function and lesion cavity reduction. However, the effects were not as significant as those seen in the intrathecal BMSC-treated group.
Laser Micromachining of Zirconia (Y‐TZP) Ceramics in the Picosecond Regime and the Impact on Material Strength (2009)

(accessed July 10, 2009).The capabilities of a high average power picosecond laser are assessed for micromachining yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) in its hard state. Laser machining of this material presents an attractive alternative to conventional machining techniques when precision customized parts are required due to the difficulty in machining Y‐TZP in its hard state. Compared with previous nanosecond work the picosecond laser enables similar micromachining to be carried out at the same rate but with a superior surface finish and with no evidence of surface cracking. Strength measurements have been carried out using a four‐point bend test rig and confirm that the improvement in surface quality translates to higher strength in machined components.
Polymer chain structure in ultrathin films. Technical report, 1 June 1988-31 May 1989 (1989)

As the dimensions of integrated circuits have been shrinking, the desired resolution will soon be beyond the limit of conventional ultraviolet (UV) lithography. Deep UV and X radiation, high-energy electron beams and low-energy scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been proposed as possible exposure systems for the next generation high resolution lithography. In order to enhance efforts for the improvement of new exposure systems, appropriate resist materials, preparation methods and processing parameters become the key factors. In optical lithography the resolution is limited by resist absorption, light diffraction, and rheological effects related to the resist development process. In electron beam lithography, the major limitation on the resolution is imposed by electron scattering (proximity effect) which causes a nonuniform incident exposure in the pattern area.
Direct correlation between free volume and dielectric constant in a fluorine-containing polyimide blend (2015)

The dielectric constant of fluorinated polyimides and their blends is known to decrease with increase in free volume due to decrease in the number of polarizable groups per unit volume. Interestingly, we report here a polyimide which when blended with a fluoro- polymer showed a positive deviation of dielectric constant with free volume. In our experiment, we have used a blend of poly(ether imide) and poly(vinylidene fluorine-co-hexafluoropropylene) and the interaction between them was studied using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM. The blend was investigated by PALS, DB and DEA. Surprisingly, with the increase in the free volume content in this blend, the dielectric constant also increases. This change is attributed to additional space available for the polarizable groups to orient themselves to the applied electric field.
MB Energy Trend-Based Intra Prediction Algorithm for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC Transcoding (2008)

In this paper, we proposed a fast Intra prediction method for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding. To reduce the computational complexity, we utilized the information of DCT coefficients in MPEG-2 decoder to measure the Intra macroblock (MB) energy trend. Base on the relationship between the energy trend and the intra prediction direction, we can pre-determine the Intra prediction for both luminance (luma) and chrominance (chroma) components. The numbers of the Intra prediction candidates of luma Intra16x16 and chroma Intra8x8 can be reduced from original four to one or two, and the numbers of prediction candidates of luma Intra 4x4 can be reduced from nine to four. With our proposed algorithm, the computational complexity of Intra prediction for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding can be reduced about 60% compared with the conventional cascaded transcoding method at the negligible quality loss.
Direct Solution of General H2-Matrix with Controlled Accuracy and Change of Cluster Bases for Large-Scale Electromagnetic Analysis (2018)

Both dense and sparse matrices resulting from an electromagnetic analysis, in general, can be represented as an H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> matrix in controlled accuracy. In this paper, we develop a new direct solution of a general H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -matrix. The new solution possesses not only explicitly controlled accuracy, but also a change of cluster basis to efficiently account for the updates to the original matrix during the direct solution procedure. Comparisons with state-of-the-art direct solutions have demonstrated a much reduced CPU run time of the new solution, in addition to a significantly improved accuracy, which is also controllable. Rapid and accurate direct solutions of millions of unknowns have been obtained on a single CPU core.
Multimodal Transitions for Generative Stochastic Networks (2013)

Generative Stochastic Networks (GSNs) have been recently introduced as an alternative to traditional probabilistic modeling: instead of parametrizing the data distribution directly, one parametrizes a transition operator for a Markov chain whose stationary distribution is an estimator of the data generating distribution. The result of training is therefore a machine that generates samples through this Markov chain. However, the previously introduced GSN consistency theorems suggest that in order to capture a wide class of distributions, the transition operator in general should be multimodal, something that has not been done before this paper. We introduce for the first time multimodal transition distributions for GSNs, in particular using models in the NADE family (Neural Autoregressive Density Estimator) as output distributions of the transition operator. A NADE model is related to an RBM (and can thus model multimodal distributions) but its likelihood (and likelihood gradient) can be computed easily. The parameters of the NADE are obtained as a learned function of the previous state of the learned Markov chain. Experiments clearly illustrate the advantage of such multimodal transition distributions over unimodal GSNs.
High thermoelectric figure of merit in nanostructured p-type PbTe–MTe (M = Ca, Ba) (2011)

We demonstrate that by endotaxially embedding nanocrystals of the alkaline earth tellurides CaTe or BaTe in PbTe doped with Na2Te heat carrying phonons can be strongly scattered with little effect on the power factor. An intriguing observation is that the insertion of CaTe in PbTe increases the solubility of Na2Te, thereby allowing high levels of carrier concentration. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that all samples crystallize in the NaCl-type structure without noticeable secondary phase, while scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrate the presence of endotaxially coherent/semi-coherent nanostructures in the PbTe–CaTe/BaTe samples. We show that this is the principal factor for the very low thermal conductivity. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) confirms the presence of Ca in the nanoprecipitates. We present a comparison in the lattice thermal conductivity in going from nanocrystals of CaTe to SrTe to BaTe in PbTe. Temperature dependent Hall coefficient measurements of PbTe–CaTe materials suggest that the carrier population in the so-called heavy hole valence band in PbTe becomes important above 450 K and is responsible for the high power factors. The highest thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, value achieved is ∼1.5 at 765 K for 6% CaTe containing sample, while 3% BaTe containing sample shows the ZT of ∼1.3 at 760 K.
influence of irregular grids on the accuracy of a quadrature-free discontinuous Galerkin method (2006)

status: Published
Contained morselized allograft in revision total hip arthroplasty. Surgical technique. (1993)

The current technique and instrumentation for contained morselized allograft with cement in dealing with femoral loosening associated with loss of bone stock is described. With a follow-up extending to 6 years, this method has proved effective in the management of these difficult problems.
Harnessing a Neural-immune Circuit to Control Inflammation and Shock (2002)

That the mind can influence the body during health and disease is an ancient notion which, in part because of its origins in anecdotal observations, has been an often and sometimes hotly debated concept. Over 20 years ago, Dr. Robert A. Good formulated a concise and elegant description of the
SLC transporters as a novel class of tumour suppressors: identity, function and molecular mechanisms (2016)

The role of plasma membrane transporters in cancer is receiving increasing attention in recent years. Several transporters for essential nutrients are up-regulated in cancer and serve as tumour promoters. Transporters could also function as tumour suppressors. To date, four transporters belonging to the SLC gene family have been identified as tumour suppressors. SLC5A8 is a Na(+)-coupled transporter for monocarboxylates. Among its substrates are the bacterial fermentation products butyrate and propionate and the ubiquitous metabolite pyruvate. The tumour-suppressive function of this transporter relates to the ability of butyrate, propionate and pyruvate to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC). SLC5A8 functions as a tumour suppressor in most tissues studied thus far, and provides a molecular link to Warburg effect, a characteristic feature in most cancers. It also links colonic bacteria and dietary fibre to the host. SLC26A3 as a tumour suppressor is restricted to colon; it is a Cl(-)/HCO(-) 3 exchanger, facilitating the efflux of HCO(-) 3 The likely mechanism for the tumour-suppressive function of SLC26A3 is related to intracellular pH regulation. SLC39A1 is a Zn(2+) transporter and its role in tumour suppression has been shown in prostate. Zn(2+) is present at high concentrations in normal prostate where it elicits its tumour-suppressive function. SLC22A18 is possibly an organic cation transporter, but the identity of its physiological substrates is unknown. As such, there is no information on molecular pathways responsible for the tumour-suppressive function of this transporter. It is likely that additional SLC transporters will be discovered as tumour suppressors in the future.
SURFACE TREATMENT OF CONCRETE WITH TETRAETHYL ORTHOSILICATE, N a₂S iO₃ AND SILANE: COMPARISON OF THEIR EFFECTS ON DURABILITY (2018)

The surface treatment of existing concrete structures with silica-based organic and inorganic agents is often used to improve the durability of the structures, but their effects vary from each other, thus the recognition of their strengths and drawbacks could help to make good use of the techniques under various environments. In this work, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), an organic precursor for manufacturing silica sol, together with other two normally used silica-based agents, Na 2 SiO 3 and silane, was used for the surface treatment of concrete. Their effects on the durability were studied and compared by investigating the compressive strength, the water absorption rate, the carbonation, the chloride penetration and the sulfate attack of cement concrete samples. The results showed that TEOS decreased the transport properties of concrete significantly: reductions of 49.0 % of the water absorption rate, 28.5 % of the chloride ion penetration depth, and 20 % of the carbonisation degree to that of the control sample were found, while the corresponding values of 42 %/80 %, 39 %/71 %, and 23 %/10 % of Na 2 SiO 3 / silane-treated samples were shown. The compressive strength and visual observation showed that the samples treated by TEOS exhibited the best performance for long term exposure in the 5 wt. % sodium sulfate solution when compared with silane-treated and Na 2 SiO 3 -treated samples. The variation of the in-situ Ca(OH) 2 consuming capability of the agents, as well as their effects on the hydration and hardening properties of the cement-based material could be ascribed to their differences in improving the durability.
Pulmonary Function Tests in Emergency Department Pediatric Patients with Acute Wheezing/Asthma Exacerbation (2012)

Background. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) have been developed to analyze tidal breathing in patients who are minimally cooperative due to age and respiratory status. This study used tidal breathing tests in the ED to measure asthma severity. Design/Method. A prospective pilot study in pediatric patients (3 to 18 yrs) with asthma/wheezing was conducted in an ED setting using respiratory inductance plethysmography and pneumotachography. The main outcome measures were testing feasibility, compliance, and predictive value for admission versus discharge. Results. Forty patients were studied, of which, 14 (35%) were admitted. Fifty-five percent of the patients were classified as a mild-intermittent asthmatic, 30% were mild-persistent asthmatics, 12.5% were moderate-persistent asthmatics, and 2.5% were severe-persistent. Heart rate was higher in admitted patients as was labored breathing index, phase angle, and asthma score. Conclusions. Tidal breathing tests provide feasible, objective assessment of patient status in the enrolled age group and may assist in the evaluation of acute asthma exacerbation in the ED. Our results demonstrate that PFT measurements, in addition to asthma scores, may be useful in indicating the severity of wheezing/asthma and the need for admission.
Optical content-addressable parallel processor for high-speed database processing (1994)

We extend the concept of optical content-addressable parallel processing [Appl. Opt. 31, 3241 (1992)] to a novel architecture designed specifically for the parallel and high-speed implementation of database operations called optical content-addressable parallel processor for relational database processing (OCAPPRP). An OCAPPRP combines a parallel model of computation, associative processing, with parallel and high-speed technology optics. The architecture is developed to provide optimal support for high-speed parallel equivalence (pattern matching) and relative-magnitude searches (greater than and lesser than). Distinctive features of the proposed architecture include (1) a two-dimensional match-compare unit for two-dimensional pattern matching, (2) constant-time retrieval of database entries, (3) an optical word and bit-parallel relative-magnitude single-step algorithm, and (4) the capability of constanttime sorting. Since relational database operations rely heavily on parallel equivalence or relativemagnitue searches, database processing is an excellent candidate for implementation on an OCAPPRP. The architecture delivers a speedup factor of n over conventional optical database architectures, where n is the number of rows in a database table. We present an overview of the architecture followed by its optical implementation. The representative relational database operations, intersection, and selection are outlined to illustrate the architecture's potential for efficiently supporting high-speed database processing.
RF2: A 1GHz FIR Filter with Distributed Resonant Clock Generator (2007)

In this paper we present the design and experimental validation of RF2, a 1 GHz, two-phase resonant-clocked FIR filter test-chip with a distributed resonant clock generator and an on-chip inductor. RF2 is fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS process and dissipates 124mW at resonance, with clock power accounting for only 16% of overall power. Implemented using a fully ASIC design flow, RF2 achieves 84% clock-power efficiency over <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CV<sup>2</sup>f</i> , the highest for any fully-integrated resonant-clocked chip. Resonating at 1.01GHz, RF2 reports the highest operating frequency for a resonant-clocked datapath to date.
Characterization of the Ovariectomized Rat Model for the Evaluation of Estrogen Effects on Plasma Cholesterol Levels (1997)

Estrogens protect against cardiovascular disease in women through effects on the vascular wall and liver. Here we further characterize the rat as a model for the evaluation of estrogenic effects on plasma lipid levels vs. uterine wet weight. In adult ovariectomized female rats treated for 4 days s.c., 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE) was the most potent agent to lower plasma total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, followed by 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-estradiol. However, 17alpha-estradiol had the greatest separation of uterotropic vs. cholesterol-lowering effects. EE had the same lipid-lowering potency whether administered s.c. or orally to adult rats. It had no effect on cholesterol levels in immature rats, even though the uterotropic response was dramatic. Testosterone propionate, dexamethasone, and progesterone did not significantly lower cholesterol levels. The antiestrogens tamoxifen and raloxifene lowered cholesterol levels, but with less efficacy and potency than the estrogens. ICI 182780 had no effect on cholesterol levels. When coadministered with EE, ICI 182780 inhibited the cholesterol-lowering and uterotropic activities of EE, suggesting that the estrogen receptor pathway is involved. In conclusion, although the information from the rat is limited as a model of the low density lipoprotein-lowering effects of estrogens in humans, it can be used to study the effects and mechanism of action of estrogen and antiestrogens on plasma cholesterol levels.
Are we minimizing the patients' risk for headache? : a lumbar puncture practice questionnaire study among European neurologists (2015)

Are we minimizing the patients' risk for headache? : a lumbar puncture practice questionnaire study among European neurologists
Making a compiler easily portable (1988)

The authors describe a technique for porting a modern language that makes it possible to port the language quickly and still get fast execution. They relate the practical experience they gained when porting the compiler to different environments. They concentrate on transportation problems of compilers that generate machine code rather than those that generate interpreter code. The authors' approach is based on the definition of a universal operating-system interface that must be implemented on the target machine to install the compiler. They ported the Modula-2/68K compiler, which was developed at their institute and has successfully been installed at external sites. Of the two porting procedures they offered-source-code cross development and object-code transportation-the external sites preferred the latter because it requires less effort.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Gene Expression determine the abundance of circulatory Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) in Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD) Patients (2020)

Abstract Objectives Several studies has reported a reduced circulatory level and impaired functionality of EPCs in CAD patients and the role of eNOS in relation with reduced circulatory level of EPC and their impaired functionality has been revealed by in vitro and animal studies. However EPC’s eNOS gene expression profile in in vivo condition in PCAD patients is yet to be revealed as the prevalence of CAD at young age is markedly increased in developing countries. Our previous study has already reported a significantly reduced circulatory level of EPC in PCAD patients compared to control subjects and in continuation of that finding, present study aimed to investigate the eNOS gene expression of EPC in same study subjects as well as to establish the association between EPC’s eNOS gene expression and reduced circulatory level of EPC in PCAD patients. Results Reduced eNOS gene expression in EPC from PCAD patients compared to healthy controls were found (0.998±0.096/1.063±0.107) with a p-value of 0.002 and this difference was persistent even after adjusting for confounding factors (p=0.002). A positive correlation was found between eNOS gene expression and level of CD34+/KDR+ cells in circulation (r = 0.234 and p = 0.0664); data from previous study.