gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of a cytosine side chain in proton transfer in the rate-determining step of ribozyme self-cleavage (2001)

Ribozymes of hepatitis delta virus have been proposed to use an active-site cytosine as an acid-base catalyst in the self-cleavage reaction. In this study, we have examined the role of cytosine in more detail with the antigenomic ribozyme. Evidence that proton transfer in the rate-determining step involved cytosine 76 (C76) was obtained from examining cleavage activity of the wild-type and imidazole buffer-rescued C76-deleted (C76 Delta) ribozymes in D(2)O and H(2)O. In both reactions, a similar kinetic isotope effect and shift in the apparent pKa indicate that the buffer is functionally substituting for the side chain in proton transfer. Proton inventory of the wild-type reaction supported a mechanism of a single proton transfer at the transition state. This proton transfer step was further characterized by exogenous base rescue of a C76 Delta mutant with cytosine and imidazole analogues. For the imidazole analogues that rescued activity, the apparent pKa of the rescue reaction, measured under k(cat)/K(M) conditions, correlated with the pKa of the base. From these data a Brønsted coefficient (beta) of 0.51 was determined for the base-rescued reaction of C76 Delta. This value is consistent with that expected for proton transfer in the transition state. Together, these data provide strong support for a mechanism where an RNA side chain participates directly in general acid or general base catalysis of the wild-type ribozyme to facilitate RNA cleavage.
Severe Congenital Thrombocytopenia Characterized by Decreased Platelet Sialylation and Moderate Complement Activation Caused by Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants in GNE (2021)

We report two previously undescribed variants in <i>GNE</i> causing severe congenital macrothrombocytopenia in a compound heterozygous state, as a consequence of decreased platelet sialylation. The decreased sialylation of platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes affects the binding of FH, leading to moderate complement activation and increased hemolysis.
A generalized polyphase principle for uniform digital filter banks (2003)

A number of signal processing applications exist for which the implementation of a uniform bank of digital filters is desirable. Such filter banks are often implemented in a highly efficient polyphase manner. Previously, the multirate polyphase realizations were restricted to sample-rate alterations, which are related to the multiplicity of channels in the bank. A polyphase formulation is presented for uniform filter banks with arbitrary output sampling. It is shown that a highly efficient polyphase realization exists for every possible sample-rate alteration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Minimizing the Signaling Overhead and Latency Based on Users’ Mobility Patterns (2020)

We demonstrate a distributed and a centralized 4G/5G compliant approach to minimize signaling and latency related to user mobility in cellular networks. This is crucial due to the densification of networks and the additional signaling introduced by the new 5G service-based architecture. By exploiting standardized protocols, our solutions dynamically reorganize the association between nodes in radio access network (RAN) and the core. We validated the proposed approaches using real user mobility datasets. Our results show that both our distributed and centralized solutions significantly reduce the signaling between core and RAN compared to the traditional approach based on geographical proximity. As a result, both approaches significantly reduce the average handover procedure processing time. Moreover, by relying on locally available information, the distributed approach can quickly adapt to changes in the user movement patterns as they happen.
Semi-automatic tracking of myocardial motion in MR tagged images (1995)

Tissue tagging using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has enabled quantitative noninvasive analysis of motion and deformation in vivo. One method for MR tissue tagging is Spatial Modulation of Magnetization (SPAMM). Manual detection and tracking of tissue tags by visual inspection remains a time-consuming and tedious process. The authors have developed an interactively guided semi-automated method of detecting and tracking tag intersections in cardiac MR images. A template matching approach combined with a novel adaptation of active contour modeling permits rapid analysis of MR images. The authors have validated their technique using MR SPAMM images of a silicone gel phantom with controlled deformations. Average discrepancy between theoretically predicted and semi-automatically selected tag intersections was 0.30 mm+/-0.17 [mean+/-SD, NS (P<0.05)]. Cardiac SPAMM images of normal volunteers and diseased patients also have been evaluated using the authors' technique.
Experimental Assessment of Elastic Modulus vs. Relative Density for Stretch- and Bend-Dominated Lattices (2021)

This project was designed to study the possibility of using structural properties of lattices to replicate the material properties of certain hard to manufacture designs and use topology optimization to determine the lattice type and density required to mimic these properties. The integration of additively manufactured lattice structures with topology optimization highlights the need for well characterized mechanical properties and uncertainty analyses to insure these optimized structures respond as predicted. Stereolithographically printed octet and rhombic dodecahedron lattices were manufactured at 10%, 25% and 65% density by volume. As a separate task, yet integrated into this work, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to predict the printed lattice’s mechanical properties, which were then compared to our experimental results. After comparing FEA and experimentallymeasured elastic moduli, it was determined that the FEA provides highly reliable predictions for the modulus of these printed lattice structures. These lattices also exhibited greater tensile stiffness than that of the solid material demonstrating the flexibility that lattices provide to designing parts with designer structural properties. The accurate printing and reliable modeling of these lattices will enable topology optimization of complex parts from well-characterized rhombic dodecahedron and octet lattice structures of varying densities.
Gas Dynamic Analysis of the CVC, A Novel Detonation Cycle (2002)

A novel version of a type of Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) cycle has been developed using detonation combustion within the passages of a wave rotor. The innovation uses an internal stationary duct to supply a premixed fuel -air to the tubes whil e also eliminating the feedback of unsteady gas -dynamic interactions through the inlet and nozzle. Although believed to be broad in its potential application, initial steps in applying analytical modeling are aimed at developing the concept into a high pre ssure gain device suitable for use in a gas turbine engine. Termed the Constant Volume Combustor (CVC), the device is currently studied as a replacement for conventional constant pressure combustion systems and able to achieve a step improvement in engine performance. Gas dynamic predictions have been made using the NASA one dimensional non -steady code for simulation and analysis of wave rotors including combustion. Initial modeling results for the CVC confirm the cycle’s ability to deliver a downstream gas flow of high pressure gain. Results also predicted an inlet and outlet flowstream vastly more uniform in time and space than conventional PDE approaches. Furthermore, a range of design parameters is examined for the CVC’s ability to deliver exit temperatu re levels relevant to a turbine engine. Pressure gain performance increases realized with systematic design parameter examination are presented. A very limited examination of the inclusion of further loss mechanisms has been briefly addressed. A comparison of overall operating performance is made to pressure gain estimates obtained using a simple thermodynamic combustor model.
The Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis (1992)

OSTEOPOROSIS is one of the most important disorders associated with aging.1 , 2 More than 1.5 million Americans have fractures related to osteoporosis each year, with attendant pain, deformity, and loss of independence. The annual cost to the U.S. health care system is at least $10 billion.1 , 2 Because of the aging of the population and increases over time in the incidence of fractures, these already huge costs will more than double over the next 30 years3 unless a comprehensive program of prevention and treatment is initiated soon. The most important preventable cause of fractures is low bone mass. During the course of . . .
The complementarity of H/V and dispersion curves (2016)

ABSTRACT Noninvasive geophysical techniques based on the dispersion of surface waves in layered media are commonly used approaches for measuring shear-wave velocity profiles of the subsoil. Acquiring surface waves is a simple task, but the interpretation of their dispersion curves poses a number of challenges. In an increasing number of cases, shear-wave velocity profiles are derived from the inversion of dispersion curves of surface waves and single-station passive horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios, mostly using a blind joint fit of the two sets of curves. Here we emphasize the benefits of carrying out H/V surveys prior to any array acquisition. We propose to start by collecting at least two H/V recordings at a site to verify the 1D plane-parallel soil condition, as this is essential in dispersion curve inversion/modeling. Then, we look for the diagnostic features of velocity inversions in the H/V curves: when they occur, the interpretation of dispersion curves is made difficult by mode splitting/superposition and Love wave arrays will not be effective. Then we inspect the shape of the H/V curves: flat curves acquired on rock usually imply poor dispersion curves. Large receiver spacings are recommended in the arrays and Love wave arrays will not be efficient. Flat curves on soft material sites represent gently increasing VS gradients and Rayleigh wave arrays should be preferred. H/V curves with high frequency peaks indicate shallow impedance contrasts: this makes Love wave arrays efficient for the soft layer characterization, but provide little information at depth. H/V curves with low frequency peaks indicate deep bedrock and their inversion can provide approximate VS profiles down to greater depths than from an array. Equipped with the information coming from accurate H/V observations, practitioners could make better-informed decisions about array acquisition geometries, source/surface wave types, and inversion strategies.
Planarization of the Gallium Nitride Substrate Grown by the Na Flux Method Applying Catalyst-Referred Etching (2014)

In this study, a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate grown by the Na flux method was processed by catalyst-referred etching (CARE). CARE process for GaN involves two-step: the first step uses the photoelectrochemical process (PEC-CARE) and the second step applies a platinum (Pt) catalyst (Pt-CARE). PEC-CARE can produce a highly ordered GaN (0001) surface. The surface roughness was 0.638 nm root-mean-square (rms). Pt-CARE can produce an atomically flat surface with a step-terrace structure on the entire surface. The surface roughness was 0.113 nm rms. The removal rates of PEC-CARE and Pt-CARE were found to be 45.5 and 5.5 nm/h, respectively.
Salt Skirmishes (1997)

Dietary salt intake continues to occupy believers and nonbelievers alike. Fortunately a large quantity of excellent data have accrued in the last decade, so that the quality of the ammunition has undoubtedly improved. The numbers of clinical intervention trails has practically doubled and several meta-analyses are available. Interestingly, the results from the advocates for strict salt restriction and those from authors with more liberal views are fairly consistent; namely, salt reduction would decrease blood pressure in normotensive persons slightly, and in the hypertensive patients by about 5 mm Hg. Recently, almost an entire issue of a prestigious medical journal was devoted to salt and hypertension-related issues. The editors made their point of view clear by interspersing various articles with commentaries of their own. One of the topics was related to the 'right' of authors to restrict access to data accured through public funding with the argument that only they have the wisdom to analyze and interpret the data properly. This was the case with intersalt. Through litigation, some of the Intersalt data were made available to persons associated with the salt industry. Their interpretation and the counter-editorial make for interesting reading. A public-interest group termed Consensus Action on Salt and Hypertension has been founded, to admonish the living to eat less salt. I recommend shortening the advice to: 'eat less'.
Tuning Organic Semiconductor Alignment and Aggregation via Nanoconfinement (2020)

The nanoconfinement of organic semiconductors in nanoporous media presents a means of manipulating molecular assembly and optoelectronic properties. This work introduces a solution-infiltration process with slow solvent evaporation for filling nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide templates with crystalline organic semiconductors. This approach is used to systematically study the dependence of crystal growth on nanopore size for four organic semiconductors, including planar small molecules, a fullerene, and a polymer. The planar molecules exhibit preferential π–π stacking along the pore axis in addition to a second co-existing growth orientation, indicating competition between fast-growth directions as nuclei attempt to reach a critical cluster size. Size-dependent effects were seen in the crystallinity, crystal orientation, and molecular aggregation of these compounds.
PDE4: A Novel Target in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2011)

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important modulators of inflammation and wound healing. In this capacity, specific targeting of PDEs for the treatment of many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has been investigated. Currently, treatment of COPD is suboptimal. PDE4 modulates the inflammatory response of the lung, and inhibition of PDE4 may be a novel, COPD-specific approach toward more effective treatment strategies. This review describes the state of PDE4-inhibitor therapy for use in COPD treatment.
CHAOS: The Cornell High-Order Adaptive Optics Survey for Brown Dwarfs (2003)

The Cornell High-order Adaptive Optics Survey for brown dwarfs (CHAOS), currently about 90% complete, uses the Palomar Hale Telescope's adaptive optics system to survey 80 bright stars out to 13 parsecs. Using the telescope's AO Science camera, brown dwarf companions 4–200 AU can be identified using coronagraphic imaging and spectroscopic modes. We will be using monte carlo simulations to create population models consistent with the CHAOS data set. Currently, we have observed 70 systems out of a target sample of 80. Five candidate companions await follow-up observations. As of now, no systems in the target sample have shown strong evidence of having brown dwarf companions. These early results support previous speculations of a “brown dwarf desert” at orbital separations out to 200 AU. While the target sources revealed no evidence of brown dwarf companions, accompanying observations of calibration stars provided evidence of an early methane dwarf candidate around the binary system HD150451AB. Forty seven parsecs from earth, the candidate indicated a projected orbital separation of 280 AU.
Profibrotic effect of IL-17A and elevated IL-17RA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease support a direct role for IL-17A/IL-17RA in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease (2019)

Interleukin (IL)-17 is a T helper 17 cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although IL-17A has a well-established role in murine pulmonary fibrosis models, its role in the tissue remodeling and fibrosis occurring in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is not very well defined. To address this question, we utilized complimentary studies to determine responsiveness of human normal and pathogenic lung fibroblasts to IL-17A and used lung biopsies acquired from patients with IPF and RA-ILD to determine IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) expression. Both normal and pathogenic IPF lung fibroblasts express functional IL-17RA and respond to IL-17A stimulation with cell proliferation, generation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and induction of myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of IL-17RA attenuated this fibroblast response to IL-17A on ECM production. These fibroblast responses to IL-17A are dependent on NF-κB-mediated signaling. In addition, inhibiting Janus activated kinase (JAK) 2 by either siRNA or a selective pharmacological inhibitor, AZD1480-but not a JAK1/JAK3 selective inhibitor, tofacitinib-also significantly reduced this IL-17A-induced fibrogenic response. Lung biopsies of RA-ILD patients demonstrate significantly higher IL-17RA expression in areas of fibroblast accumulation and fibrosis, compared with either IPF or normal lung tissue. These observations support a direct role for IL-17A in lung fibrosis that may be particularly relevant in the context of RA-ILD.
On-line diagnosis of induction motor faults (2007)

Papier complet : http://www.setit.rnu.tn/last_edition/setit2007/TI/116.pdf
Single-electron latching switches as nanoscale synapses (2002)

Nanoscale latching switches based on controllable single-electron transfer and trapping may serve as a synaptic basis for extremely dense and fast self-evolving BiWAS (binary weight, analog signal) neural networks. We have designed and simulated two devices of this type, a "propagating" switch and a "branching" switch, as well as multi-entry switching nodes based on their combination. We have also carried out a preliminary study of two architectures of neural networks based on 2D arrays of the switching nodes: a "free-growing" network in which the shape of axonic and dendritic trees may be very complex, and a "randomized distributed crossbar" network in which axons and dendrites are implemented as straight wire segments. The latter network scales much better, but the former one may be more adequate for input parts of very large scale networks.
Mechanisms of Mitotic Cell Death Induced by Chemotherapy-Mediated G2 Checkpoint Abrogation (2007)

The novel concept of anticancer treatment termed "G(2) checkpoint abrogation" aims to target p53-deficient tumor cells and is currently explored in clinical trials. The anticancer drug UCN-01 is used to abrogate a DNA damage-induced G(2) cell cycle arrest leading to mitotic entry and subsequent cell death, which is poorly defined as "mitotic cell death" or "mitotic catastrophe." We show here that UCN-01 treatment results in a mitotic arrest that requires an active mitotic spindle checkpoint, involving the function of Mad2, Bub1, BubR1, Mps1, Aurora B, and survivin. During the mitotic arrest, hallmark parameters of the mitochondria-associated apoptosis pathway become activated. Interestingly, this apoptotic response requires the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2, suggesting a proapoptotic function for Mad2. However, although survivin and Aurora B are also required for the mitotic arrest, both proteins are part of an antiapoptotic pathway that restrains the UCN-01-induced apoptosis by promoting hyperphosphorylation of Bcl-2 and by inhibiting the activation of Bax. Consequently, inhibition of the antiapoptotic pathway by genetic ablation of survivin or by pharmacologic inhibitors of Aurora B or cyclin-dependent kinase 1 lead to a significant enhancement of apoptosis and therefore act synergistically with UCN-01. Thus, by defining the mechanism of cell death on G(2) checkpoint abrogation we show a highly improved strategy for an anticancer treatment by the combined use of UCN-01 with abrogators of the survivin/Aurora B-dependent antiapoptotic pathway that retains the selectivity for p53-defective cancer cells.
200W fs Innoslab amplifier with 400μJ pulse energy for industrial applications (2013)

We demonstrate a femtosecond Yb:YAG InnoSlab laser amplifier producing 450-&mu;J pulse energy at 500kHz pulse repetition rate. Ultrafast operation at high energy and high average power could be obtained without the use of chirped pulse amplification on the power amplifier end. The laser setup consists of a compact and robust femtosecond fiber based seed laser producing up to 4&mu;J pulses with pulse durations down to 260fs. Pulses from the seed source are directly amplified to high pulse energy and average power in an optimized Innoslab amplifier. This laser source is ideally suited for large scale industrial applications requiring high average power ultrashort pulses for high throughput and productivity.
Entity Information Life Cycle for Big Data: Master Data Management and Information Integration (2015)

Entity Information Life Cycle for Big Data walks you through the ins and outs of managing entity information so you can successfully achieve master data management (MDM) in the era of big data. This book explains big data's impact on MDM and the critical role of entity information management system (EIMS) in successful MDM. Expert authors Dr. John R. Talburt and Dr. Yinle Zhou provide a thorough background in the principles of managing the entity information life cycle and provide practical tips and techniques for implementing an EIMS, strategies for exploiting distributed processing to hand
Hairpin DNA Switch for Ultrasensitive Spectrophotometric Detection of DNA Hybridization Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Enzyme Signal Amplification (2010)

A novel DNA detection platform based on a hairpin DNA switch, nanoparticles, and enzyme signal amplification for ultrasensitive detection of DNA hybridization has been developed in this work. In this DNA assay, a "stem-loop" DNA probe dually labeled with a thiol at its 5' end and a biotin at its 3' end, respectively, was used. This probe was immobilized on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) anchored by a protein, gamma-globulin, on a 96-well microplate. In the absence of target DNA, the immobilized probe with the stem-loop structure shields the biotin from being approached by a bulky horseradish peroxidase linked streptavidin (streptavidin-HRP) conjugate due to the steric hindrance. However, in the presence of target DNA, the hybridization between the hairpin DNA probe and the target DNA causes significant conformational change of the probe, which forces biotin away from the surface of AuNPs. As a result, the biotin becomes accessible by the streptavidin-HRP, and the target hybridization event can be sensitively detected via the HRP catalyzed substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine using a spectrophometric method. Some experimental parameters governing the performance of the assay have been optimized. At optimal conditions, this DNA assay can detect DNA at the concentration of femtomolar level by means of a signal amplification strategy based on the combination of enzymes and nanoparticles. This approach also has shown excellent specificity to distinguish single-base mismatches of DNA targets because of the intrinsic high selectivity of the hairpin DNA probe.