gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Glycolysis as Metabolic Fingerprint of Endothelial Cells in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (2020)

"Decreased Glycolysis as Metabolic Fingerprint of Endothelial Cells in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 63(5), pp. 710–713
Covert deformed wing virus infections have long-term deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival (2017)

Several studies have suggested that covert stressors can contribute to bee colony declines. Here we provide a novel case study and show using radiofrequency identification tracking technology that covert deformed wing virus (DWV) infections in adult honeybee workers seriously impact long-term foraging and survival under natural foraging conditions. In particular, our experiments show that adult workers injected with low doses of DWV experienced increased mortality rates, that DWV caused workers to start foraging at a premature age, and that the virus reduced the workers' total activity span as foragers. Altogether, these results demonstrate that covert DWV infections have strongly deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival. These results are consistent with previous studies that suggested DWV to be an important contributor to the ongoing bee declines in Europe and the USA. Overall, our study underlines the strong impact that covert pathogen infections can have on individual and group-level performance in bees.
DeSePtion: Dual Sequence Prediction and Adversarial Examples for Improved Fact-Checking (2020)

Christopher Hidey, Tuhin Chakrabarty, Tariq Alhindi, Siddharth Varia, Kriste Krstovski, Mona Diab, Smaranda Muresan. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020.
"Curly" Wood and Tiger Tails (2003)

The mechanism causing the tiger tail phenomenon in trichothiodystrophy (alternating light and dark banding of hair shafts when examined with polarized light) has yet to be explained with certainty. However, we propose a simple and easily tested hypothesis to explain its striking aspect. Although the hair shafts we obtained from patients with trichothiodystrophy were fairly straight, the cortical hair fibers were not. We noticed that these fibers undulate up and down (or back and forth), a feature that is easily observed because of melanin granules embedded in each fiber. The undulations correspond exactly to the banding seen with polarization. Therefore, the tiger tail phenomenon seen in trichothiodystrophy and other hair shaft disorders is caused by a regular undulation of hair fibers within the shafts. Normal hair shafts do not exhibit the phenomenon because the hair fibers are straight and parallel to the long axis of the hair. It is the regular undulation of fibers that changes the optical properties of the hair shafts and causes a predictable banding when the shafts are examined by polarized light.
Methodology for estimating strain gauge measurement biases and uncertainties on isotropic materials (2014)

Compared to actual strains, the values obtained with strain gauges during experimental measurements contain biases and uncertainties. In this article, we propose a methodology using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the effects of biases and uncertainties from the following: location uncertainty, integration effect and transverse sensitivity errors in unidirectional strain gauges. Moreover, the specific behaviour of welded gauges is also considered. The approach simulates strain gauges on the displacement fields obtained from the structure’s finite element analyses to predict the expected biases and uncertainties. With the use of experimental measurements designed to highlight the biases between gauge measurements and finite element analyses strain results, we verify the methodology. In our experimental verification, we observe that biases are adequately predicted by the proposed method. It is worth mentioning that such an approach can be used not only for validations between finite element analyses and experimental measurements but also for optimizations of strain gauge positioning during measurement campaigns.
Effects of Crude Aqueous Extract of Origanum vulgaris in Developing Ovary of Rabbits Following in Utero, Adolescent, and Postpubertal Exposure (2014)

The VRI Phytomedicine (VRI-PM) is electronic journal and open access, published articles in the journal are freely available to all the scientific community. VRI-PM publishes all areas of ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, medicinal activities and plant biot
Multi-Path TCP: A Joint Congestion Control and Routing Scheme to Exploit Path Diversity in the Internet (2006)

<para> We consider the problem of congestion-aware multi-path routing in the Internet. Currently, Internet routing protocols select only a single path between a source and a destination. However, due to many policy routing decisions, single-path routing may limit the achievable throughput. In this paper, we envision a scenario where multi-path routing is enabled in the Internet to take advantage of path diversity. Using minimal congestion feedback signals from the routers, we present a class of algorithms that can be implemented at the sources to stably and optimally split the flow between each source-destination pair. We then show that the connection-level throughput region of such multi-path routing/congestion control algorithms can be larger than that of a single-path congestion control scheme. </para>
Dose‐dependent growth inhibition in vivo of PC‐3 prostate cancer with a reduction in tumoral growth factors after therapy with GHRH antagonist MZ‐J‐7‐138 (2008)

Our results demonstrate the efficacy of GHRH antagonist MZ-J-7-138 in suppressing growth of PC-3 prostate cancer at doses lower than previous antagonists. The reduction of levels of growth factors such as VEGF and IGF-II in tumors by GHRH antagonist was correlated with the suppression of tumor growth.
Fatty acid .beta.-oxidation-dependent bioactivation of halogenated thiaalkanoic acids in isolated rat hepatocytes (1993)

5,6-Dichloro-4-thia-5-hexenoic acid (DCTH), the desamino analog of the nephrotoxic cysteine S-conjugate S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, is toxic to liver and kidney mitochondria. The mechanism by which DCTH produces mitochondrial dysfunction has not been defined. The objective of the present experiments was to test the hypothesis that DCTH is bioactivated by the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation system to cytotoxic intermediates. Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with DCTH produced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. The even-chain, elongated analog 7,8-dichloro-6-thia-7-octenoic acid was also cytotoxic, whereas the odd-chain-length analogs 6,7-dichloro-5-thia-6-heptenoic acid and 8,9-dichloro-7-thia-8-nonenoic acid were not. Sodium benzoate reduced the cytotoxicity of DCTH, indicating a role for coenzyme A in the bioactivation of DCTH. DCTH decreased cellular ATP concentrations, the cellular energy charge, and cellular glutathione concentrations; these changes preceded the decrease in cell viability, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction may be an early event in DCTH-induced cytotoxicity. 6-Chloro-5,5,6-trifluoro-4-thiahexanoic acid and 5,6,7,8,8-pentachloro-4-thia-5,7-octadienoic acid were also cytotoxic in isolated hepatocytes, whereas 4-(2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiabutanoic acid was not. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation system is involved in the bioactivation of DCTH and that mitochondria may be important cellular targets in DCTH-induced cytotoxicity.
Early initiation of short‐term emollient use for the prevention of atopic dermatitis in high‐risk infants—The STOP‐AD randomised controlled trial (2022)

Abstract Background Protecting the skin barrier in early infancy may prevent atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated if daily emollient use from birth to 2 months reduced AD incidence in high‐risk infants at 12 months. Methods This was a single‐center, two‐armed, investigator‐blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial (NCT03871998). Term infants identified as high risk for AD (parental history of AD, asthma or allergic rhinitis) were recruited within 4 days of birth and randomised 1:1 to either twice‐daily emollient application for the first 8 weeks of life (intervention group), using an emollient specifically formulated for very dry, AD‐prone skin, or to standard routine skin care (control group). The primary outcome was cumulative AD incidence at 12 months. AD &lt;6 months was diagnosed based on clinical presence of AD. The UK Working Party Diagnostic Criteria were applied when diagnosing AD between 6 and 12 months. Results Three hundred twenty‐one were randomised (161 intervention and 160 control), with 61 withdrawals (41 intervention, 20 control). The cumulative incidence of AD at 12 months was 32.8% in the intervention group vs. 46.4% in the control group, p = 0.036 [Relative risk (95%CI): 0.707 (0.516, 0.965)]. One infant in the intervention group was withdrawn from the study following development of a rash that had a potential relationship with the emollient. There was no significant difference in the incidence of skin infections between the intervention and control groups during the intervention period (5.0% vs. 5.7%, p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions This study has demonstrated that early initiation of daily specialized emollient use until 2 months reduces the incidence of AD in the first year of life in high‐risk infants.
User Interfaces that Span Hand-Held and Fixed Devices (2018)

Institute for Software Research
Self-excited vibration during slippage of parallel Cardan drives for electric railcars. (1987)

Detailed digital simulations and eigenvalue analyses of self-excited vibration during slippage of parallel Cardan drives were made. The effects of the stiffness and damping of flexible couplings and gearbox suspension rubber springs were studied, and measures to suppress the self-excited vibration were clarified. Experiments involving two cases of a leaf spring coupling were made by varying the stiffness and damping of the coupling and the gear box suspension rubber spring. The results agreed well with theoretical results. Experiments for a third case with a gear coupling were also made. (average total tractive effort/total driving axle load) was measured for two cases with and without self-excited vibration, and it was shown that the latter case could attain a larger μa.
1955-P: Interleukin-1ß Orchestrates Non–Glucose Dependent Cephalic Phase Insulin Release in Health and Obesity (2020)

The non-glucose dependent spike in insulin levels immediately following the beginning of a meal is called the cephalic or pre-absorptive phase of insulin secretion. Even though this early insulin response is of marked consequence for overall postprandial insulin release, its basic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that both genetic and pharmacologic blockade of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) leads to a pronounced reduction in cephalic phase insulin secretion (-0.65 [95%CI= -1.137 to -0.172]). Assessing mice fed a high-fat diet, we found that the cephalic phase insulin response was abolished in obesity. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials studying cephalic phase insulin release in healthy human volunteers, we found that this was equally the case in humans. In contrast, high-fat diet-fed mice pre-treated with a specific anti-IL-1β antibody once a week developed no such impairment. We therefore conclude, that dysregulation of physiologic IL-1β signaling, specifically during cephalic phase, may contribute to the overall pathology of metabolic disease. Thus, we identify cephalic phase inflammatory signaling as a novel and potentially modifiable target in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Disclosure S.J. Wiedemann: None. E. Dror: None. D.T. Meier: None. K. Trimigliozzi: None. J. Molina-Tijeras: None. F. Schulze: None. L. Rachid: None. S.P. Häuselmann: None. T.V. Rohm: None. H. Mereau: None. C. Magnan: None. M. Boeni-Schnetzler: None. M.Y. Donath: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc., Roche Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis.
Singular and Near Singular Integrals in the BEM: A Global Approach (1993)

A unified approach for analyzing and evaluating singular and near singular integrals, relevant to the boundary element method (BEM), is obtained. The original n-dimensional integral is mapped to one that is performed exclusively on the boundary of the integration domain. Therefore, the dimensionality of the integration is reduced by l, and integrand evaluations close to the singularity are avoided. The new formulae are obtained through a straightforward one-dimensional analytical integration, regardless of the dimensionality of the problem and can be used generally for numerical integration. The formulae for evaluating near singular integrals are a generalization of those obtained by the invariant imbedding technique for singular integrals and reduce to the singular integral formulae in the limit. In this sense, the singular integrals are treated as limits, or “continuations,”of nonsingular ones. This leads to a general interpretation that includes the singular integrals as a special case. In particular, the method provides new insights into the different limiting values of the Cauchy integrals. For this case, the definition of the continuation integrals encompasses not only the Cauchy principal value but also the jump term and an even finite term. Although the present results are applicable only to integrals of homogeneous functions over flat domains, the analysis can be extended to curved and nonsmooth surfaces, as well as to more general integrands.
Language, Communication, Computers and the Law (1985)

There is an old story about a drunken man who is looking for an object under a street light. A policeman asks him what he is looking for. "It is my keys", he says. "Did you lose them here?" "No, over there.'" "Why then are you looking for them over here?" "Because I can see here", is the man's reply. The real significance of this story is very different from what it appears. It is not the man who is foolish but the policeman. We can only look for something from where we can see it. The alternative is to burrow like moles in the dark. But how can we find something that is not there? We can't of course, but we can get a perspective of it by following a ray of light as far as it will go. There are many lights and many perspectives, but no one absolute objective truth, or any one way of finding it.
Wild-type p53 regulates human ribonucleotide reductase by protein-protein interaction with p53R2 as well as hRRM2 subunits. (2003)

Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) plays a key role in the synthesis of DNA and is the only enzyme responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides, providing a balanced supply of precursors for DNA synthesis and repair. There are three known human RR subunits, hRRM1, hRRM2, and p53R2, which is encoded by a p53 target gene. It is not clear whether p53 and RR can directly interact at the protein level to regulate DNA repair. It is also not known where deoxyribonucleotides are synthesized in the cell. In coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we found that hRRM2 and p53R2, but not hRRM1, bound to p53 in KB cells, which express wild-type p53. Moreover, in response to UV irradiation, both p53R2 and hRRM2 were released from p53 and shifted to bind hRRM1. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of p53 with p53R2 and hRRM2 and the translocation of hRRM1, p53R2 and hRRM2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after UV treatment. An in vivo RR activity assay showed that the kinetic profile of increased RR activity was consistent with the accumulation of RR subunits in the nucleus. The ability of p53R2 and hRRM2 to shift from binding p53 to hRRM1 in response to UV irradiation was deficient in the presence of mutant p53. Moreover, in cells overexpressing hRRM2, binding of p53R2 to p53 decreased, whereas binding to hRRM1 increased. Our results suggest that wild-type p53 directly interacts with both p53R2 and hRRM2. In response to UV irradiation, p53R2 and hRRM2 dissociate from p53 and p53R2, and hRRM2 and hRRM1 transfer to the nucleus and form an active RR complex to provide dNDPs for DNA repair. Therefore, the direct interaction of p53 with p53R2 and hRRM2 and the nuclear accumulation of RR subunits after UV exposure might play a pivotal role in DNA repair.
Electrochemical routes for industrial synthesis (2009)

This review examines the reasons for increasing interest towards electrolyses by the chemical industry, reviews the electrochemical industries as most of them now exist, and provides a status report on the key technological advances which are occurring to meet present and future needs. Classical industries like those of chloroalkali, aluminium, p-aminophenol, adiponitrile, ethylene glycol, anthraquinone, perfluorinated products, glyoxylic acid and L-cysteine are initially covered. Considering the large amount of available publications in these topics of electrochemical engineering, the covered relevant information is treated at a scientific level, although in a simplified way. Then the paper deals with emerging inorganic and organic processes, e.g. electrosynthesis in ionic liquids and mediated electrochemical processes, and finishes by assessing what the future development trend might be given the electrochemical and non electrochemical competing influences. With this approach it is hoped to stimulate the interest of chemical engineers and scientists non-specialised in electrochemical routes, and to review some cutting edge research, particularly as far as electrosynthesis in ionic liquids is concerned.
High efficient 35 W, 12-to-5 V DC/DC converter using ceramic based multi-layer circuit technologies (2019)

We propose a 12-to-5 V DC/DC converter using ceramic based multi-layer circuit technologies. By using eight metal layers and embedded vias in seven ceramic layers, the proposed converter can minimize the power losses caused by the power and ground patterns and the noise caused by control lines. The measured efficiency of the proposed converter is 95.97% with a supply voltage of 12 V and output power of 35 W. The line regulation is 0.016% with ±10% change of input voltage of 12 V. The load regulation is 0.54% with 10-100% load change. The dynamic load regulation is 4.78% with 50-100% transition. The maximum ripple and noise is 48.0 and 352.0 mVpp, respectively. We can confirm that the proposed converter operates very stably with outstanding performances.
Towards a global methodology for mining cohorts with biological and genetic data (2005)

Objective: Biomedical data collected in cohorts are rather complex to analyse because of their diversity and their size. This paper introduces an expert-guided methodology for extensively mining such data. For this specific study, the expert is interested in extracting profiles showing the co-occurrence of biological parameters with specific genetic polymorphisms. Methods and materials: Experiments have been performed with CORON, a data mining platform which has been design to fit the methodology. CORON proposes symbolic data mining methods, i.e. frequent pattern search and association rule extraction. The results found with the methodology have been validated by statistical tests. The used real data stem from the STANISLAS cohort, a population study composed of information that has been collected in healthy French families for ten years. As the STANISLAS cohort is composed of healthy individuals, the methodology described here is oriented for extracting less frequent patterns. Results: In this paper, two study frameworks illustrate the methodology. The first one (framework #1) deals with interactions involving lipids. The second one (framework #2) concerns the metabolic syndrome. Some results are reported thereafter. In framework #1, in men, a significant interaction was found between BMI>25 and APOB Thr71Ile polymorphism on LDL-cholesterol concentration (p=0.009). In women, we detected a potential protective genetic profile against cardiovascular diseases involving an interaction between APOE and APOB genes (p=0.016). In framework #2, the repartition of genotypes of the APOB71 polymorphism is significantly different whether an individual presents metabolic syndrome or not (p=0.03). Conclusion: The obtained results show the capabilities of the data mining methodology, performed with CORON, for suggesting new biological hypotheses to the expert which deserve to be further analysed by larger genetic epidemiology studies or wet laboratory experiments.
Origin and Function of Avian Retrovirus Transforming Genes (1980)

The more I learn about the fine structure of the mammalian cell and the complexities of intracellular and intercellular interactions and controls, the more I am convinced that detailed understanding of the malignant process and practical control of cancer based on understanding will never be possible.
Co-targeting of convergent nucleotide biosynthetic pathways for leukemia eradication (2014)

Pharmacological targeting of metabolic processes in cancer must overcome redundancy in biosynthetic pathways. Deoxycytidine (dC) triphosphate (dCTP) can be produced both by the de novo pathway (DNP) and by the nucleoside salvage pathway (NSP). However, the role of the NSP in dCTP production and DNA synthesis in cancer cells is currently not well understood. We show that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells avoid lethal replication stress after thymidine (dT)-induced inhibition of DNP dCTP synthesis by switching to NSP-mediated dCTP production. The metabolic switch in dCTP production triggered by DNP inhibition is accompanied by NSP up-regulation and can be prevented using DI-39, a new high-affinity small-molecule inhibitor of the NSP rate-limiting enzyme dC kinase (dCK). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was useful for following both the duration and degree of dCK inhibition by DI-39 treatment in vivo, thus providing a companion pharmacodynamic biomarker. Pharmacological co-targeting of the DNP with dT and the NSP with DI-39 was efficacious against ALL models in mice, without detectable host toxicity. These findings advance our understanding of nucleotide metabolism in leukemic cells, and identify dCTP biosynthesis as a potential new therapeutic target for metabolic interventions in ALL and possibly other hematological malignancies.
Costs of dialysis--a regional population-based analysis (2009)

We present for the first time a cost estimation of dialysis in Germany on the basis of patient-level data in a population-based sample. Except age, patient characteristics were not significantly associated with costs. The largest part of the costs was caused by the dialysis procedures themselves; however, other dialysis-specific health care utilization also strongly contributed to the total cost.
Clinically Important Drug Interactions With Antiepileptic Drugs (2015)

Abstract Drug interactions can occur whenever two or more drugs are administered simultaneously. Most clinically important antiepileptic drug (AED) interactions with other drugs result from induction or inhibition of drug metabolizing hepatic enzymes or significant protein binding properties.