gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and tunable continuous-wave diode-pumped Yb^3+:Ca_4GdO(BO_3)_3 laser (1999)

A Yb(3+):Ca(4)GdO(BO(3))(3) (Yb:GdCOB) crystal has been diode pumped for the first time to our knowledge. We obtained 47.5% slope efficiency at 6 degrees C, producing 191 mW of power at 1050 nm, with a 2.4% output coupler. Temperature does not significantly affect the laser performance: At room temperature we still obtained 180 mW of power for the same cavity. We achieved tunability of the Yb:GdCOB laser from 1035 to 1088 nm with a 1.7% output coupler and 100-nm tunability with a low-transmission output coupling (T = 0.03%).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cyclization of D‐Glucopyranosyl‐Z‐thiohydroximates Leading to New Anomeric Spiro Oxathiazole Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-Farm Composting Methods (2003)

Soil productivity and environmental concerns have revived global interest in organic recycling practices such as composting. Composting is an attractive proposition for turning on-farm organic waste material into a valuable farm resource. A range of approaches to composting for different situations have been used. However, the information on recently evolved quick composting methodologies, especially those suited to small farmers, remains scattered and needs consolidation. The publication presents an overview of on-farm composting methodologies with special emphasis on rapid composting processes, and is intended to promote their wide-scale adoption with the ultimate objectives of improving soil productivity in developing countries and protecting the environment from degradation.
WE‐D‐BRB‐09: Quality Assurance (QA) for Deformable Registration: Measures for Evaluating Displacement Fields in Clinical Settings (2010)

Purpose : Deformable registration is an essential tool in adaptive radiotherapy, as it accounts for anatomical changes during treatment. In recent years, research has focused on proposing different deformable registration algorithms and inter‐comparing their results in academic settings. We contend that finding an efficient method for quality assurance of deformable registration in clinical settings is crucial for a global acceptance of adaptive radiotherapy. This study proposes measures derived from computational fluid dynamics as a simple and efficient tool to quantify a displacement field. Method : Our aim was to develop quantitative metrics of registration quality designed for routine use that are algorithm‐independent, labor‐efficient, and accurately identify errors in a given displacement field. The quality assurance (QA) framework identifies unrealistic anatomical motion through vortexes in the displacement field as detected using the CURL operator and presented as a vortex map overlaid on the original anatomy for a quick identification of problematic regions. Regions of compression/expansion are identified through the determinant of the Jacobian matrix. The warp energy measure is proposed as a global measure of displacement field smoothness. Results : The new evaluation approach was tested on numerous inter and intra patient cases using both single and multi‐modality registration algorithms. The CURL operator quantitatively detected errors in the displacement field and identified problematic regions that were invisible to classical voxel‐based evaluation methods. Warping emerges above 1 indicated unrealistic displacement fields. Conclusions : The proposed QA framework for deformable image registration provides increased usability and accuracy in detecting unrealistic warping over classical registration assessment methods. It is computationally efficient and provides a valuable platform for the clinical acceptance of adaptive therapy in the future.
The prudence transmission method I (PTM I): a retransmission cut-off method for contention based multiple-access communication systems (2002)

A transmission policy is studied for the random access slotted ALOHA channel in terms of the number of transmissions. A stable operation of slotted ALOHA can be achieved by reducing the transmission number for a specific limit of the new packet generation rate. Our results show that the control of transmission number is not needed if the new packet generation rate from all active users is less than e/sup -1/ packet per time slot. We have introduced an optimum transmission method called the "prudence transmission method (PTM)" which gives the maximum throughput. This can be done by adjusting the number of transmission for a given new packet generation rate, when it is greater than e/sup -1/ packet per time slot. The result shows that the number of transmissions decrease abruptly with the increase of the new packet generation rate. For the stable operation of slotted ALOHA, the maximum allowable new packet generation rate is 1 packet per time slot. The results of this study are portrayed on graphs and may be used as a guideline of a contention based multiple access scheme with and without retransmission cut-off.
Learning depth-sensitive conditional random fields for semantic segmentation of RGB-D images (2014)

We present a structured learning approach to semantic annotation of RGB-D images. Our method learns to reason about spatial relations of objects and fuses low-level class predictions to a consistent interpretation of a scene. Our model incorporates color, depth and 3D scene features, on which an energy function is learned to directly optimize object class prediction using the loss-based maximum-margin principle of structural support vector machines. We evaluate our approach on the NYU V2 dataset of indoor scenes, a challenging dataset covering a wide variety of scene layouts and object classes. We hard-code much less information about the scene layout into our model then previous approaches, and instead learn object relations directly from the data. We find that our conditional random field approach improves upon previous work, setting a new state-of-the-art for the dataset.
Resolvins: Endogenously-Generated Potent Painkilling Substances and their Therapeutic Perspectives (2013)

The efficacy of many of pain-relieving drugs is based on mechanisms by which the drugs interfere with the body's natural pain-mediating pathways. By contrast, although it is less popular, other drugs including opioids exert more powerful analgesic actions by augmenting endogenous inhibitory neural circuits for pain mediation. Recently, a novel endogenous pain-inhibitory principle was suggested and is now attracting both scientific and clinical attentions. The central players for the actions are particular body lipids: resolvins. Although research is in the preclinical phase, multiple hypotheses have actively been matured regarding the potency and molecular and neural processes of the analgesic effects of these substances. Consistently, accumulating experimental evidence has been demonstrating that treatment with these lipid substances is strongly effective at controlling diverse types of pain. Treatment of resolvins does not appear to disturb the body homeostasis as severely as many other therapeutic agents that interrupt the body's natural signaling flow, which enables us to predict their fewer adverse effects. This paper serves as a review of currently documented painkilling actions of resolvins, summarizes the potential cellular and receptor-mediated mechanisms to date, and discusses the many clinical uses for these therapeutic lipids that have not yet been tested. Future scientific efforts will more concentrate to unveil such aspects of the substances and to construct clear proofs of concept for pain relief.
Alteration of Neuroma Formation by Manipulation of Its Microenvironment (1985)

Mackinnon, Susan E. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C); Dellon, A. Lee M.D.; Hudson, Alan R. M.B., F.R.C.S.(C); Hunter, Daniel A. R.T.
Mass Spectrometer Image Displacements due to Second-Order Aberrations (1958)

Second-order aberrations in mass spectrometers give rise to image broadening which is generally unsymmetrical about the optic axis, resulting in a net displacement of the image center from the optic axis. The net displacement depends on the properties of the mass resolving system and on the velocity and angular distribution in the ion beam. In the event different ionic species may possess either different mean kinetic energies or different energy distributions, the image shifts may differ appreciably, leading to small but appreciable errors in mass doublet measurements.
A transversely localized light in a waveguide: the analytical solution and its potential application (2017)

Investigation of light in waveguide structures is a topical modern problem that has long-standing historical roots. A parallel-plate waveguide is a basic model in these studies and is intensively used in numerous investigations of nano-optics, integrated circuits and nanoplasmonics. In this letter we have first found an approximate analytical solution which describes the light modes with high accuracy in the subwavelength waveguides. The solution provides a way of obtaining a clear understanding of the light properties within the broadband spectral range in the waveguide with various physical parameters. The potential of the analytical solution for studies of light fields in the waveguides of nano-optics and nanoplasmonics has also been discussed.
Rheology and Microstructural Changes during Enzymatic Degradation of a Guar−Borax Hydrogel (1999)

Hydrogels composed of borax cross-linked guar galactomannans are enzymatically degraded using endo-β-mannanase, an enzyme which cleaves the polymer chain backbone. Dynamic rheological measurements show the elastic (G‘) and viscous (G‘ ‘) moduli to be sensitive to gel structure and to reduce significantly during the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The reduction in rheological properties shows three distinct regimes: an initial large decrease, a slower reduction rate at intermediate times, and an accelerated reduction at longer degradation times. In contrast, the polymer chain molecular weight, obtained from gel permeation chromatography, reduces rapidly at short times and at a slower rate subsequently. We therefore find the kinetics of moduli reduction to be dictated by the relationship between gel structure and rheological properties, rather than purely the rates of chain scission. At short times, the large decrease in moduli is analogous to changes in molecular weight and can directly be attributed to chain scission. At long times, corresponding to when the product of polymer concentration and intrinsic viscosity, c[η], reaches a critical value (≤2.5), the chains are too short to overlap and the long range network breaks down rapidly, leading to accelerated moduli reduction. Additionally, a synergistic increase in the degradation rate is observed on using a combination of backbone-cleaving β-mannanase enzyme and a side-chain-cleaving α-galactosidase enzyme, as compared to using only β-mannanase. This can be attributed to an enhancement of mannanase activity due to removal of the sterically hindering galactose side chains. Finally, a comparison of gel and solution degradation reveals very similar behavior in molecular weight changes for both but contrasting trends in rheology.
ASPeCT: Unambiguous sine-BOC(n,n) acquisition/tracking technique for navigation applications (2007)

This article presents a new tracking technique for sine-BOC(n,n) (or Manchester encoded) ranging signals, which is most likely to be a part of the new European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Galileo, signal plan. When traditional sine-BOC(n,n) tracking is considered, although offering excellent performance compared with current signals, it has the main drawback of potentially giving biased measurements. The new method presented herein allows the removal of this threat while maintaining the same level of performance. An adapted version of this technique can also be used for acquisition purposes
An O(bn/sup 2/) time algorithm for optimal buffer insertion with b buffer types (2006)

Buffer insertion is a popular technique to reduce the interconnect delay. The classic buffer insertion algorithm of van Ginneken has a time complexity of O(n/sup 2/), where n is the number of buffer positions. Lillis, Cheng, and Lin extended van Ginneken's algorithm to allow b buffer types in O(b/sup 2/n/sup 2/) time. For modern design libraries that contain hundreds of buffers, it is a serious challenge to balance the speed and performance of the buffer insertion algorithm. In this paper, we present a new algorithm that computes the optimal buffer insertion in O(bn/sup 2/) time. The reduction is achieved by the observation that the (Q,C) pairs of the candidates that generate the new candidates must form a convex hull. On industrial test cases, the new algorithm is faster than the previous best buffer insertion algorithms by orders of magnitude. Since van Ginneken's algorithm with multiple buffer types are used by most existing algorithms on buffer insertion and buffer sizing, our new algorithm improves the performance of all these algorithms.
Low temperature Sol-gel autocombustion synthesis and magnetic properties of magnetite (2015)

A new method, sol-gel autocombustion, is employed in the synthesis of magnetite (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) by using citric acid and ferric nitrate as starting materials. Experimental results show that pure magnetite can be synthesized at a very low temperature in a large range of molar ratio of ferric nitrate to citric acid. The XRD results illustrate that the prepared samples have pure Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> phase. Electron microscopy studies show us the samples with porous morphology. VSM results show us ferrimagnetic property of the samples at room temperature with the saturation magnetization as high as 86 emu/g.
Long-term cetirizine treatment may reduce new sensitisations in allergic children: a pilot study. (2003)

Experimental data demonstrate that mite allergy is characterized by persistent chronic inflammation. This suggests that long-term continuous treatment may be included in the global strategy of allergy management as recently reported. Moreover, most of allergic subjects show polysensitisation. We conducted a study to investigate whether a long-term cetirizine treatment may reduce the occurence of new sensitisations in children with mite allergy. This study was initially double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled, with two parallel groups of 10 children with mite allergy receiving either cetirizine or placebo daily. All children could assume cetirizine as rescue medication (i.e. symptomatic treatment). After six months, parents of continuously-treated children decided to continue the treatment for 3 years. Other subjects continued to assume cetirizine on symptomatic basis. All children were prospectively followed for other 3 years. Outcome measure was skin prick test, yearly performed. Cetirizine-continuously-treated group showed a significant lower incidence of new sensitisations (p = 0.002). In conclusion, cetirizine administered daily for prolonged periods (i.e. 3 years) may decrease the development of new sensitisations in monosensitised children, showing a potential effect of tertiary prevention of allergy.
Probabilistic fuzzy model for dynamic systems (1988)

We present a model, based on a fuzzy relation obtained from fuzzy referential sets on the input and output spaces, for predicting the behaviour of nonlinear dynamic systems. The model can be made to learn from experience, and the computing requirements are modest, making online application feasible. Some numerical results are compared with those of earlier models.
FGFR1 Oncogenic Activation Reveals an Alternative Cell of Origin of SCLC in Rb1/p53 Mice (2020)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is frequently amplified in human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), but its contribution to SCLC and other lung tumors has remained elusive. Here, we assess the tumorigenic capacity of constitutive-active FGFR1 (FGFR1<sup>K656E</sup>) with concomitant RB and P53 depletion in mouse lung. Our results reveal a context-dependent effect of FGFR1<sup>K656E</sup>: it impairs SCLC development from CGRP<sup>POS</sup> neuroendocrine (NE) cells, which are considered the major cell of origin of SCLC, whereas it promotes SCLC and low-grade NE bronchial lesions from tracheobronchial-basal cells. Moreover, FGFR1<sup>K656E</sup> induces lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) from most lung cell compartments. However, its expression is not sustained in LADC originating from CGRP<sup>POS</sup> cells. Therefore, cell context and tumor stage should be taken into account when considering FGFR1 inhibition as a therapeutic option.
Some informational aspects of visual perception. (1954)

xThe ideas of information theory are at present stimulating many different areas of psychological inquiry. In providing techniques for quantifying situations which have hitherto been difficult or impossible to quantify, they suggest new and more precise ways of conceptualizing these situations (see Miller [12] for a general discussion and bibliography). Events ordered in time are particularly amenable to informational analysis; thus language sequences are being extensively studied, and other sequences, such as those of music, plainly invite research. In this paper I shall indicate some of the ways in which the concepts and techniques of information theory may clarify our understanding of visual perception. When we begin to consider perception as an information-handling process, it quickly becomes clear that much of the information received by any higher organism is redundant. Sensory events are highly interdependent in both space and time: if we know at a given moment the states of a limited number of receptors (i.e., whether they are firing or not firing), we can make better-than-chance inferences with respect to the prior and subsequent states of these receptors, and also with respect to the present, prior, and subsequent states of other receptors. The preceding statement, taken in its broadest im1 The experimental work for this study was performed as part of the United States Air Force Human Resources Research and Development Program. The opinions and conclusions contained in this report are those of the author. They are not to be construed as reflecting the views or indorsement of the Department of the Air Force. plications, is precisely equivalent to an assertion that the world as we know it is lawful. In the present discussion, however, we shall restrict our attention to special types of lawfulness which may exist in space at a fixed time, and which seem particularly relevant to processes of visual perception.
Dietary Zinc Deficiency and Protein-Energy Malnutrition Decrease in Vitro Murine T Lymphocyte Cell Cycle Progression (2002)

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), alone and in combination, on murine splenic T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cell cycle progression using flow cytometry. Four month old C56BL/6 female mice were fed Zn-deficient (ZnDF), low protein (LP), combined Zn-deficient and low protein (ZnDF&LP), energy-restricted (ER) or control (CTRL) diet for 4 weeks. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocytes was not altered by the deficient diets, however, the total percentage of CD4+ plus CD8+ cells within the CD3+ population was less in all deficient groups compared to the CTRL group. When spleen cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, the ZnDF&LP, ZnDF and LP groups had significantly fewer cells in both early and late S phase and significantly more cells in the G0 or resting state than the CTRL group. The ER group had significantly fewer cells in total S phase than the CTRL group. These results indicate both dietary Zn deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition are associated with decreased cell cycle progression of mitogen-stimulated murine splenic T lymphocytes.
Host immunology and rational immunotherapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection (2020)

Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a global threat due to its widespread antimicrobial resistance. Transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies have high mortality rate, suggesting host factors in susceptibility. We developed a model of pulmonary infection using ST258 strain C4, KPC-2 clone, which are predominant K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing (KPC-producing) bacteria, and demonstrated that Rag2-/- Il2rg-/- mice - but not WT C57BL/6 or Rag2-/- mice - were susceptible to this opportunistic infection. Using single cell RNA sequencing in infected Rag2-/- mice, we identified distinct clusters of Ifng+ NK cells and Il17a+, Il22+, and inducible T cell costimulatory molecule-positive (ICOS+) group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that were critical for host resistance. As solid organ transplantation is a risk factor, we generated a more clinically relevant model using FK506 in WT C57BL/6 mice. We further demonstrated that immunotherapy with recombinant IL-22 treatment ameliorated the ST258 pulmonary infection in both FK506-treated WT mice and Rag2-/- Il2rg-/- mice via hepatic IL-22ra1 signaling. These data support the development of host-directed immunotherapy as an adjunct treatment to new antibiotics.