gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A statistical explanation of the effect of luminance on photopic visual acuity of speckled images (1995)

The intensity of a polarized speckle pattern obeys a negative exponential probability density function. This probability distribution implies a signal-to-noise ratio of unity since the standard deviation equals the mean intensity. However, when the logarithmic response of the retinal photoreceptors is considered, the first-order statistics of the pattern is transformed in such a way that S/N ratio becomes a function of the mean intensity. This theory is closely connected with the masking effect of speckle in experiments of vision. In particular, it contributes to explaining why in photopic vision of speckled images, the resolving power of the visual system decreases as the mean luminance increases.
Hemodynamic effects of anti-G suit inflation in a 1-G environment (1985)

This study evaluated effects of various anti-G inflation pressures on cardiac volumes and the relationship of these volume changes to mean arterial pressure changes. Ventricular volumes were calculated using two-dimensional echocardiography. An anti-G suit was inflated to 2, 4, and 6 psi in the standing and supine positions for 10 male subjects. In the supine position, mean arterial pressure increased from base line for all three inflation pressures (P = 0.05). The end-diastolic volume increased after 2-psi inflation (P = 0.03). Cardiac output or stroke volume did not change. After standing, mean arterial pressure (P = 0.002), end-diastolic volume (P = 0.002), and stroke volume (P = 0.05) fell after suit deflation. Peripheral vascular resistance fell in the 2- and 4-psi inflation profiles. In the standing protocol, mean arterial pressure, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output rose with all three inflation pressures (P less than 0.05). After reclining, heart rate increased (P = 0.02) and mean arterial pressure fell (P less than 0.05) in the 4- and 6-psi inflation profiles after suit deflation. Increases in mean arterial pressure are caused by increases in cardiac preload and cardiac output after inflation of the anti-G suit while subjects were standing. Increased cardiac preload was not consistently seen after inflation while subjects were supine. Changes in end-diastolic volume and mean arterial pressure were dependent on the pressure used to inflate the anti-G suit.
Plasmid-encoded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation genes and insertion sequences in Sphingobium francense (ex-Sphingomonas paucimobilis Sp+) (2006)

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Transcription patterns of human papillomavirus type 16 in genital intraepithelial neoplasia: evidence for promoter usage within the E7 open reading frame during epithelial differentiation (1992)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 transcription was analysed by in situ hybridization using 125I-labelled subgenomic riboprobes, from 26 genital intraepithelial neoplastic (IN) lesions, in formalin-fixed biopsies from 18 different cases. Distinct transcription patterns separable by the presence or absence of late gene transcription were detected. In 12 lesions, late gene expression was absent; HPV transcripts corresponding to the E6 and E7 open reading frame (ORF) were detectable in all basal cells and were usually evenly distributed through all layers of the epithelium. Transcripts corresponding to the E1, E2 and E2/E4 ORFs were present in nine of 12 lesions and displayed a similar distribution. In 14 lesions late gene transcripts were present. E6 and E7 transcripts were detectable basally in all but one lesion. The levels of E7 but not E6 transcripts were markedly increased in the superficial cells of differentiating epithelia, with an identical distribution and at similar levels to those of the E2/E4 transcript. We propose that the most abundant transcript in genital IN lesions containing late gene expression is an E7/E1 [symbol: see text] E2/E4 transcript corresponding to that reported in HPV-6/11 condylomata and which is derived from a similar promoter within the E7 ORF.
Microfluidic device for rapid digestion of tissues into cellular suspensions (2017)

The ability to harvest single cells from tissues is currently a bottleneck for cell-based diagnostic technologies, and remains crucial in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissues are typically broken down using proteolytic digestion and various mechanical treatments, but success has been limited due to long processing times, low yield, and high manual labor burden. Here, we present a novel microfluidic device that utilizes precision fluid flows to improve the speed and efficiency of tissue digestion. The microfluidic channels were designed to apply hydrodynamic shear forces at discrete locations on tissue specimens up to 1 cm in length and 1 mm in diameter, thereby accelerating digestion through hydrodynamic shear forces and improved enzyme-tissue contact. We show using animal organs that our digestion device with hydro-mincing capabilities was superior to conventional scalpel mincing and digestion based on recovery of DNA and viable single cells. Thus, our microfluidic digestion device can eliminate or reduce the need to mince tissue samples with a scalpel, while reducing sample processing time and preserving cell viability. Another advantage is that downstream microfluidic operations could be integrated to enable advanced cell processing and analysis capabilities. We envision our novel device being used in research and clinical settings to promote single cell-based analysis technologies, as well as to isolate primary, progenitor, and stem cells for use in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Grounding the ungrounded : Estimating locations of unknown place names from linguistic associations and grounded representations (2014)

Abstract Spatial locations can be extracted from language statistics, based on the idea that nearby locations are mentioned in similar linguistic contexts, akin to Tobler's first law of geography. However, the performance of language-based estimates is inferior to human estimates, raising questions about whether human spatial representations can actually be informed by such (inferior) statistics. We show that alternative methods of computing co-occurrence statistics improve language-based estimates, illustrating that simple linguistic
Nonhomogeneous Dual-Phase-Lag Heat Conduction Problem: Analytical Solution and Select Case Studies (2017)

Finite integral transform techniques are applied to solve the one-dimensional (1D) dual-phase heat conduction problem, and a comprehensive analysis is provided for general time-dependent heat generation and arbitrary combinations of various boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin). Through the dependence on the relative differences in heat flux and temperature relaxation times, this analytical solution effectively models both parabolic and hyperbolic heat conduction. In order to demonstrate several exemplary physical phenomena, four distinct cases that illustrate the wavelike heat conduction behavior are presented. In the first model, following an initial temperature spike in a slab, the thermal evolution portrays immediate dissipation in parabolic systems, whereas the dual-phase solution depicts wavelike temperature propagation—the intensity of which depends on the relaxation times. Next, the analysis of periodic surface heat flux at the slab boundaries provides evidence of interference patterns formed by temperature waves. In following, the study of Joule heating driven periodic generation inside the slab demonstrates that the steady-periodic parabolic temperature response depends on the ratio of pulsatile electrical excitation and the electrical resistivity of the slab. As for the dual-phase model, thermal resonance conditions are observed at distinct excitation frequencies. Building on findings of the other models, the case of moving constant-amplitude heat generation is considered, and the occurrences of thermal shock and thermal expansion waves are demonstrated at particular conditions.
Alteration in the cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic machinery leads to decreased cell growth and triacylglycerol synthesis in oleaginous yeast (2002)

Altered nutrient content (levels of glucose) caused a drastic reduction in cell growth and triacylglycerol (TAG) production in the wild-type (WT) Rhodotorula glutinis. This was due to the decreased level of synthesis of TAG biosynthetic enzymes, reflected by a reduction in enzyme activity. A similar observation was made in the case of non-lethal mutants of TAG-deficient oleaginous yeast, namely TAG1 and TAG2, which were generated by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. Metabolic labelling of TAG-deficient cells with [(14)C]acetate, [(32)P]orthophosphate and [(14)C]mevalonate showed a negligible TAG formation with minimal alterations in phospholipid and sterol compositions. Assays on the activities of cytosolic TAG biosynthetic enzymes revealed that lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (ATs) were defective in TAG1 and TAG2 respectively. The activity of membrane-bound isoforms of TAG biosynthetic enzymes remains unaltered in the mutants. Analysis of cytosolic TAG biosynthetic enzymes by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation indicated that the defective ATs were a part of the TAG biosynthetic multienzyme complex. Quantitatively, the cytosolic lysophosphatidic acid-AT was comparable between TAG1 and the WT. However, diacylglycerol-AT was relatively less in TAG2 than the WT. These results demonstrated that either by decreasing the nutrient content or mutating the enzymes of the soluble TAG biosynthetic pathway, TAG production was decreased with concomitant reduction in the cell growth.
On the Influence of Swell Propagation Angle on Surface Drag (2019)

Abstract A combination of turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulations and observations are used to examine the influence of swell amplitude and swell propagation angle on surface drag. Based on the analysis a new surface roughness parameterization with nonequilibrium wave effects is proposed. The surface roughness accounts for swell amplitude and wavelength and its relative motion with respect to the mean wind direction. The proposed parameterization is tested in uncoupled three-dimensional Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) simulations at grid sizes near 1 km where we explore potential implications of our modifications for two-way coupled atmosphere–wave models. Wind–wave misalignment likely explains the large scatter in observed nondimensional surface roughness under swell-dominated conditions. Andreas et al.’s relationship between friction velocity and the 10-m wind speed under predicts the increased drag produced by misaligned winds and waves. Incorporating wave-state (speed and direction) influences in parameterizations improves predictive skill. In a broad sense, these results suggest that one needs information on winds and wave state to upscale buoy measurements.
A nonsclerotial pathogenic mutant of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (1989)

A nonsclerotial mutant of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was produced by mutagenesis with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet light. The mutant, SL-1, failed to produce sclerotia on artificial media, infested grain, or on infected plants. The mutant remained pathogenic to eight plant species susceptible to the wild-type parental strain of the fungus. The mutant, SL-1, is potentially useful for physiological studies on sclerotial development and for investigation of its potential for biological weed control.Key words: Sclerotinia, mutant, sclerotialess, biocontrol, weeds.
36‐1: Automotive OLED Luminance Consumption Control Methods (2016)

Automatic luminance control and consumption rate limit methods are proposed to minimize the luminance consumption and associated image burn‐in artifacts of OLED displays used in automotive applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected, Recent Developments in the Chemical Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fingerprint matching using an orientation-based minutia descriptor (2003)

We introduce a novel fingerprint representation scheme that relies on describing the orientation field of the fingerprint pattern with respect to each minutia detail. This representation allows the derivation of a similarity function between minutiae that is used to identify corresponding features and evaluate the resemblance between two fingerprint impressions. A fingerprint matching algorithm, based on the proposed representation, is developed and tested with a series of experiments conducted on two public domain collections of fingerprint images. The results reveal that our method can achieve good performance on these data collections and that it outperforms other alternative approaches implemented for comparison.
Optoelectronic-VLSI for Switched Data Networking (1997)

It is becoming evident that the switched-networking of multiple general-purpose processors is an efficient and cost-effective path to achieving high-performance computing engines. In such distributed computing environments, the interconnection network typically represents a fundamental performance bottleneck, as electrical interconnect technologies struggle to keep pace with increasing demand for more connectivity, throughput, and rapidly diminishing processor clock-cycle times. The demands made on the data network include (i) high throughput communication, (ii) low contention and (iii) simple physical-layer communication protocols. Additional features of low latency data transport and packet switched operation are desirable.
Effect of estrogen on lens epithelium in the albino rat. (1981)

Normally in the rats under the lens capsule there is a single layer of epithelial cells extending up to the equator. The effect of estrogen on the lens epithelium is that of atrophy which may be a factor in the development of lenticular opacity.
Reference intervals of complete blood count constituents are highly correlated to waist circumference: Should obese patients have their own “normal values?” (2014)

Body mass index (BMI), the prevalent indicator of obesity, is not easily grasped by patients nor physicians. Waist circumference (WC) is correlated to obesity, is better understood and has a stronger relationship to the metabolic syndrome. We compiled WC, complete blood count (CBC) parameters as well as other pertinent data of 6766 25-55-year-old US volunteers sampled in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in the years 2005-2010. To determine reference intervals of typical US patients visiting their clinician, we used minimal exclusion criteria. We compiled hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, mean platelet volume, and counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. In addition, we also compiled serum C reactive protein and serum iron. The three major US races were studied and reference interval diagrams were constructed for each CBC parameter plotted against WC. WBC count, RDW, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and red blood cell count increase with WC. Conversely, serum iron and MCH and MCV decrease. These relationships may be related to insulin resistance and chronic activation of the immune system and the resulting low-grade inflammatory state. WC is a strong predictor for many CBC parameters, suggesting that WC should be taken into account when evaluating blood count results. Clinicians who take care of obese patients should be aware of altered hematology and investigate and treat accordingly.
Transformation mechanisms from metallic Zn nanocrystals to insulating ZnSiO3 nanocrystals in a SiO2 matrix due to thermal treatment (2008)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy results showed that Zn metallic nanocrystals and ZnSiO3 insulating nanocrytals embedded in a SiO2 matrix were created from the ZnO thin films deposited on n-Si (001) substrates due to rapid thermal annealing. The formed Zn metallic nanocrystals were transformed into monoclinic ZnSiO3 insulating nanocrystals with increasing number of Zn atoms resulting from an increase in the annealing time up to 10 min. The transformation mechanisms from metallic Zn nanocrystals to insulating ZnSiO3 nanocrystals in a SiO2 matrix due to rapid thermal annealing are described on the basis of the experimental results.
Unraveling Particle Formation: From Single Droplet Drying to Spray Drying and Electrospraying (2020)

Spray drying and electrospraying are well-established drying processes that already have proven their value in the pharmaceutical field. However, there is currently still a lack of knowledge on the fundamentals of the particle formation process, thereby hampering fast and cost-effective particle engineering. To get a better understanding of how functional particles are formed with respect to process and formulation parameters, it is indispensable to offer a comprehensive overview of critical aspects of the droplet drying and particle formation process. This review therefore closely relates single droplet drying to pharmaceutical applications. Although excellent reviews exist of the different aspects, there is, to the best of our knowledge, no single review that describes all steps that one should consider when trying to engineer a certain type of particle morphology. The findings presented in this article have strengthened the predictive value of single droplet drying for pharmaceutical drying applications like spray drying and electrospraying. Continuous follow-up of the particle formation process in single droplet drying experiments hence allows optimization of manufacturing processes and particle engineering approaches and acceleration of process development.
Cardiovascular actions of substituted adenosine analogues (1971)

1. The effects of adenosine on systemic blood pressure, coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility and rate were studied in anaesthetized open-thorax dogs.2. The potency and duration of action of substituted adenosine analogues were compared with that of adenosine.3. With the exception of 2-chloroadenosine, in which coronary dilator activity was enhanced, substitution in the 2-position of the adenosine molecule reduced activity.4. In all cases 2-substitution prolonged the duration of the coronary dilator activity of adenosine.5. N(6)-Methylation of adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine reduced their coronary dilator activities, but had no effect on the duration of the response.6. Comparison of the coronary dilator potencies and hypotensive activities of 2-ethylaminoadenosine and 2-methoxyadenosine indicates that these analogues have some specificity for the coronary bed.
TATA-Binding Protein Is Limiting for both TATA-Containing and TATA-Lacking RNA Polymerase III Promoters in Drosophila Cells (1996)

We have investigated the role of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) in modulating RNA polymerase (Pol) III gene activity. Epitope-tagged TBP (e-TBP) was both transiently and stably transfected in Drosophila Schneider S-2 cells to increase the total cellular level of TBP. Analysis of the transcripts synthesized from cotransfected tRNA and U6 RNA genes revealed that both types of RNA Pol III promoters were substantially stimulated by an increase in e-TBP in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a TBP-dependent increase in the levels of endogenous tRNA transcripts was produced in the stable line induced to express the e-TBP. We further determined whether the ability of increased TBP to induce RNA Pol III gene expression was due to a direct effect of increased TBP complexes on RNA Pol III gene promoters or an indirect consequence of enhanced expression of RNA Pol II genes. A TBP expression plasmid (e-TBP332), containing a mutation within the highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain, was both transiently and stably transfected into S-2 cells. e-TBP332 augmented the transcription from two RNA Pol II gene promoters indistinguishably from that observed when e-TBP was expressed. In contrast, e-TBP332 was completely defective in its ability to stimulate either the tRNA or U6 RNA gene promoters. In addition, increasing levels of a truncated TBP protein containing only the carboxy-terminal region failed to induce either the tRNA or U6 RNA gene promoter, whereas it retained its ability to stimulate an RNA Pol II promoter. Thus, the TBP-dependent increase in RNA Pol II gene activity is not sufficient for enhanced RNA Pol III gene transcription; rather, a direct effect on RNA Pol III promoters is required. Furthermore, these results provide the first direct evidence that the amino-terminal region of TBP is important for the formation or function of TBP-containing complexes utilized by TATA-less and TATA-containing RNA Pol III promoters. Together, these studies demonstrate that TBP is limiting for the expression of both classes of RNA Pol III promoters in Drosophila cells and implicate an important role for TBP in regulating RNA Pol III gene expression.
Improving QoS for real-time multimedia traffic in Ad-hoc Networks with delay aware multi-path routing (2008)

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network in which nodes, in the absence of fixed access points, communicate via single or multi-hop paths. Each node in a MANET should thus be able to perform necessary routing functions, and a MANET routing protocol should be able to adapt fast and effectively to sudden changes in network layout. Providing trustworthy quality of service guarantees in a MANET is very challenging due to the dynamic and uncertain nature of these networks. We extend the AODV routing protocol for MANETs to a multi-path protocol which uses end-to- end delay, instead of hop count, as metric for route selection. Multiple paths, together with the end-to-end delay provided by each path, are stored in routing tables. Upon route failure, the route table is first searched for an alternative route to the destination before a new route discovery process is initiated. This reduces both routing overhead and end-to-end packet delay. The proposed protocol is implemented and tested in OPNET Modeler and shows significant improvements in delay, delay variation, packet delivery fraction and routing overhead compared to AODV, DSR, OLSR and DYMO.
Defensive Secretion of a Caterpillar ( Papilio ) (1965)

The eversible cervical gland (osmeterium) of the caterpillar of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio machaon, produces a secretion containing isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric acid. The gland is effective in defense against ants. Even when caterpillars were fed on one of three unbelliferous plants (fennel, carrot, parsnip) the secretion contained the same two acids.