gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESD Design Strategies for High-Speed Digital and RF Circuits in Deeply Scaled Silicon Technologies (2010)

Challenges of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in deeply scaled silicon technologies are addressed by improving design, characterization, and modeling of I/O MOSFETs, interconnect, ESD protection and power clamp devices. Recent progress on ESD protection design for both high-speed digital I/O and radiofrequency (RF) circuits are presented. Topological trade-offs are compared. High speed circuit protection techniques such as the T-coil based ESD design are reviewed in detail. Package- and wafer-level charged device model (CDM) correlation issues are discussed. I/O, ESD devices, and metal interconnect effects are examined using very fast transmission line pulses (VF-TLP) and TLP.
Epidermis instructs skin homing receptor expression in human T cells (2012)

The localization of memory T cells to human skin is essential for long-term immune surveillance and the maintenance of barrier integrity. Although the mechanisms controlling memory T-cell migration to peripheral tissues are poorly understood, the current paradigm includes the localized secretion of "imprinting" signals from tissue-resident dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes. Here we show that CCR8 expression by newly activated naive T cells is regulated by skin-specific factor(s) derived primarily from epidermal keratinocytes, thereby providing a mechanism for the preferential expression of CCR8 by skin-resident memory T cells. Importantly, no such effects were observed after coculture with primary cells from skin-unrelated epithelia, including mesothelium and small intestine. The keratinocyte-derived CCR8-inducing factor(s) were soluble, and independent of vitamins A and D. Furthermore, the induction of CCR8 under these conditions correlated with an increase in cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen expression. Our findings challenge current tissue homing paradigms, especially those involving CCR10, and emphasize the importance of steady-state epidermis rather than tissue-resident dendritic cells in controlling the localization of memory T cells within human skin.
Leaching of Copper Sulphides and Copper Mattes in Oxygenated Chloride/Sulphate Leachants (1992)

The leaching of chalcocite (Cu2S) and copper-lead matte in oxygenated acidic chloride-sulphate leachants at 85°C has been studied. Copper leaches from both materials via a two stage process, the overall reactions being and The chloride ions are believed to promote the formation of a crystalline porous sulphur layer on the reacting particle so that essentially complete copper extraction is possible. The same mechanism is also believed to apply during the leaching of copper iron matte and white metal. During the leaching of the copper lead matte, the galena reacts first by galvanically protecting the chalcocite in the duplex structure forming lead sulphate and elemental sulphur. The overall reaction is:
Roadmap on spatiotemporal light fields (2023)

Abstract Spatiotemporal sculpturing of light pulse with ultimately sophisticated structures represents a major goal of the everlasting pursue of ultra-fast information transmission and processing as well as ultra-intense energy concentration and extraction. It also holds the key to unlock new extraordinary fundamental physical effects. Traditionally, spatiotemporal light pulses are always treated as spatiotemporally separable wave packet as solution of the Maxwell’s equations. In the past decade, however, more generalized forms of spatiotemporally nonseparable solution started to emerge with growing importance for their striking physical effects. This roadmap intends to highlight the recent advances in the creation and control of increasingly complex spatiotemporally sculptured pulses, from spatiotemporally separable to complex nonseparable states, with diverse geometric and topological structures, presenting a bird’s eye viewpoint on the zoology of spatiotemporal light fields and the outlook of future trends and open challenges.
Partial expression of the Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome in 2 unrelated families (1996)

The Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare, autosomal recessive trait that is characterized by palmar plantar keratosis (PPK) and severe, early onset periodontitis, affecting both deciduous and permanent dentitions. The clinical presentation of PLS is variable; the disease occurs so infrequently as to limit clinical cases for study. The exception is a few families with extensive consanguinity in which numerous cases occur. Of particular interest to mapping the genetic origin of the syndrome is the co-expression of the major traits of hyperkeratosis and periodontitis, and their severity. In this paper, we report 2 families with multiple affected individuals from geographically remote areas. A large extended family, from the Cochin region of India, currently residing in Israel, in which there is documented consanguinity and a family from the southwest region of Germany. In each family, 1 individual presents with hyperkeratotic lesions with the complete absence of periodontal lesions. Further, the difference in severity of the hyperkeratotic lesions between families is marked, and one sibling in the German family expressed rapid, early onset periodontitis in the absence of PPK. The genetic nature and penetrance of the genetic defect are discussed.
<title>Ray Tracing In Inhomogeneous Media</title> (1983)

A gradient index capability has been implemented in CODE VTM, a comprehensive lens design and analysis program. The Sharma&apos; algorithm is used for raytracing. This algorithm is very efficient for determining the position of a ray but is less efficient for calculating the optical path. A series expansion of the optical path integral was implemented which improves the convergence of the optical path calculation. The terms in this series can be used to determine an optimum step length for the numerical solution of the differential equation. Several types of gradients may be analyzed including radial, axial, spherical and combinations of these. Examples will be given.
Monocultures: A Blight on Human and Planetary Health (2017)

Naturally occurring ecosystems are highly complex almost everywhere. Human impact on the environment has, over tens of thousands of years, resulted in their transformation and simplification. The rate at which this has occurred has been accelerating with increases in population size and the development of industrial economies. Much of the impact is the result of food-raising practices, but other human choices regarding land and water use, including mining, forestry and the growth of cities, have also contributed.
Graph-based midsurface extraction for finite element analysis (2007)

The geometry of CAD model needs to be idealized in order to reduce the complexity of the finite element model. A thin solid model should be abstracted to midsurface model. This paper describes a graph-based method that extracts midsurface patches from solid model and joins them automatically. Face-pairs are first found by ray-casting process, and midsurface patches are generated by geometric interpolation of them. During this process, a graph which contains mapping information of face-pairs and midsurface patches is generated. Using this graph, midsurface patches are extended, trimmed and joined to generate a complete midsurface model. In this paper, a concrete method of midsurface patch connection which is not handled in the previous researches is proposed.
Process-Aware Cyberattacks for Thermal Desalination Plants (2019)

In 2017, desalination industry was contracted to produce 99.8 million m3/d of fresh water globally. In regions with a natural shortage of fresh water, desalination contributes up to 70% of drinking water. While state-of-the-art research has focused on securing the power grid, water treatment plants, and other critical infrastructure, not much attention has been given towards desalination plants. In this work, we perform interdisciplinary cyber threat analysis on a desalination plant model, presenting cyberattacks and analyzing their effect on the plant performance and equipment both from economics and mechanical engineering perspective. Our analysis shows that cyber actors can perform extensive financial damage by affecting the performance of the plant. We also perform control volume analysis and finite element analysis studies to investigate the possibility of Stuxnet-like attacks with the potential to cause mechanical damage and equipment failure.
High-performance computing in mobile services (2012)

With the ever increasing popularity of smart phones, mobile services have been evolving rapidly to allow users to enjoy localized and personalized experiences. Users can discover local information and keep connected with family and friends on the go, and ultimately to experience the convergence of cyber space and physical world where digital technologies are interwoven into the day-to-day life. A pivotal component of such a cyber-physical convergence is the contextual intelligence. The extraction and dissemination of contextual information around users is the key for the cyber capabilities to be applied to physical activities and for the cyber world to better reflect the physical reality. In this talk, we shall address some issues arising from context-based mobile services. In particular, we discuss how mobility impacts contextual relevancy and personalization in mobile services. The relevancy and timeliness of contextual information not only are essential for these services to deliver great user experiences, but also put significant computation pressure on service infrastructure that processes continuous data streams in real time and disseminate relevant data to a large amount of mobile users. This talk will explore the challenges and opportunities for high-performance computing in mobile services. Based on key findings from large-scale mobile measurement data, the talk will analyze the tradeoff of different computing architectures, present case studies of scalable system design and implementation for personalized mobile services, and conclude with open challenges for the broad research community in performance measurement and modeling.
[Cell biology and cosmetology]. (1992)

Cellular biology can become the natural support of research in the field of cosmetics because it is able to provide alternative experimental models which can partially replace the massive use of laboratory animals. Cultures of human skin cells could be used in tests investigating irritation of the skin. We have developed an "in vitro" experimental model that allows to evaluate the damage caused by the free radicals to the fibroblasts in culture and to test the protective action of the lipoaminoacids. Experimenting on human cell cultures presents the advantage of eliminating the extrapolation between the different species, of allowing a determination of the biological action of a substance and of evaluating its dose/response effect. This does not mean that "in vitro" experimenting could completely replace experimenting on living animals, but the "in vitro" model can be introduced in the realisation of preliminary screenings.
A Novel Reconfigurable Antenna for UHF RFID Applications (2018)

This paper presents the design principle of a novel reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency (UHF) antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) near-field (NF) and far-field (FF) applications. Right-hand screw rule plays an essential role here. The antenna is comprised of a radiator, which includes an antenna array with four dipoles and a segmented loop, and a reconfigurable feeding network. PIN diodes are utilized to realize the reconfigurable function. The simulated results show the antenna can generate strong magnetic field in NF zone and high FF gain. It provides a new technological way for realistic RFID applications.
Metalated Nitriles:  Internal 1,2-Asymmetric Induction (2008)

Alkylations of conformationally constrained acyclic nitriles containing vicinal dimethyl groups and an adjacent phenyl group or trisubstituted alkene are exceptionally diastereoselective. Probing the alkylation stereoselectivity with a series of C- and N-metalated nitriles implicates a reactive conformation in which an sp2-hybridized substituent projects over the metalated nitrile to avoid allylic strain. Steric screening thereby directs the electrophilic attack to the face of the metalated nitrile opposite the projecting substituent. Excellent stereoselectively is maintained in a diverse range of alkylations that efficiently install quaternary centers, even with isopropyliodide in which a contiguous array of tertiary-quaternary-tertiary stereocenters is created! Screening the conformational requirements with a series of acyclic nitriles and esters reveals the key structural requirements for high selectivity while providing a robust, predictive model that accounts for comparable ester alkylations affording the opposite diastereomer! The intensive survey of metalated nitrile alkylations identifies the key structural features required for high 1,2-asymmetric induction, addresses the long-standing challenge of asymmetric alkylations with acylic metalated nitriles, and provides a versatile method for installing hindered quaternary centers with excellent stereocontrol.
MALDI TOF MS profiling of bacteria at the strain level: A review (2012)

Since the advent of the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) as a tool for microbial characterization, efforts to increase the taxonomic resolution of the approach have been made. The rapidity and efficacy of the approach have suggested applications in counter-bioterrorism, prevention of food contamination, and monitoring the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Strain-level resolution has been reported with diverse bacteria, using library-based and bioinformatics-enabled approaches. Three types of characterization at the strain level have been reported: strain categorization, strain differentiation, and strain identification. Efforts to enhance the library-based approach have involved sample pre-treatment and data reduction strategies. Bioinformatics approaches have leveraged the ever-increasing amount of publicly available genomic and proteomic data to attain strain-level characterization. Bioinformatics-enabled strategies have facilitated strain characterization via intact biomarker identification, bottom-up, and top-down approaches. Rigorous quantitative and advanced statistical analyses have fostered success at the strain level with both approaches. Library-based approaches can be limited by effects of sample preparation and culture conditions on reproducibility, whereas bioinformatics-enabled approaches are typically limited to bacteria, for which genetic and/or proteomic data are available. Biological molecules other than proteins produced in strain-specific manners, including lipids and lipopeptides, might represent other avenues by which strain-level resolution might be attained. Immunological and lectin-based chemistries have shown promise to enhance sensitivity and specificity. Whereas the limits of the taxonomic resolution of MALDI TOF MS profiling of bacteria appears bacterium-specific, recent data suggest that these limits might not yet have been reached.
The effects of temperature and salinity during the summer months on the annual fisheries yield of <i>Corbicula japonica</i> at Lake Shinji (2015)

宍道湖のヤマトシジミ漁獲量が夏季の水温・塩分によってどのような影響を受けているかを推定するために，月毎の水温・塩分（＝電気伝導度）データと年間漁獲量（翌年と2年後）との相関関係を検討した。検討した項目は6月の水温・塩分，7月の水温・塩分，8月の水温，6・7月の平均水温，6・7月の平均塩分，7･8月の平均水温，7･8月の平均塩分，6～9月の平均塩分，6～9月の最低塩分，6～9月の最高塩分である。地点間で差異があるかを検討するために，淡水河川流入地付近，湖心，高塩分水流入地付近の3地点について，1984年から2012年までのデータを使用して解析を行った。その結果，6月の水温と翌年の漁獲量との間に，最も高い正の相関関係が認められた。また6月の水温の地点間の差は有意ではなかった。次に1972年～1983年6月の湖心部表層の水温データを加えて，翌年の漁獲量との相関関係を解析した結果，有意な正の相関が得られた（r = 0.52, p < 0.001）。宍道湖のヤマトシジミは，6月の水温が低いと成長速度が減少すると考えられた。
Detecting conversational gaze aversion using unsupervised learning (2017)

The aversion of gaze during dyadic conversations is a social signal that contains information relevant to the detection of interest, turn-taking cues, and conversational engagement. The understanding and modeling of such behavior has implications for the design of embodied conversational agents, as well as computational approaches to conversational analysis. Recent approaches to extracting gaze directions from monocular camera footage have achieved accurate results. We investigate ways of processing the extracted gaze signals from videos to perform gaze aversion detection. We present novel approaches that are based on unsupervised classification using spectral clustering as well as optimization methods. Three approaches that vary in their input parameters and their complexity are proposed and evaluated.
Optical implementation for adaptive beamforming of array antenna (2010)

It is difficult for the traditional phased array radar to process large array-element and high time-bandwidth-product signal in real time. An optical architecture of implement true time delay adaptive beamforming based on Stimulate Photon Echoes(SPE) is introduced. The principle of how to implement a true time delay based on SPE phenomenon with its theory models is established. the method of how to implement variable time delays using laser beams modulated by linear frequency chirped pulses is discussed, the relationship between chirp bandwidth and delay step is demonstrated by simulation results. As a result, it allows to filter thousands of simultaneous AOAs with 30 GHz dynamically in both spatial and spectral domains, which can be used to adaptively steer a large RF phased array antenna toward the direction of interest while minimizing the effects of unwanted interference signals.
Jointly modeling aspects, ratings and sentiments for movie recommendation (JMARS) (2014)

Recommendation and review sites offer a wealth of information beyond ratings. For instance, on IMDb users leave reviews, commenting on different aspects of a movie (e.g. actors, plot, visual effects), and expressing their sentiments (positive or negative) on these aspects in their reviews. This suggests that uncovering aspects and sentiments will allow us to gain a better understanding of users, movies, and the process involved in generating ratings.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS: A POPULATION BASED STUDY (1999)

The prevalence of interstitial cystitis in the United States is more than 50% greater than previously reported and 3-fold greater than that reported in Europe.
A Wave Energy Converter Design Load Case Study (2019)

This article presents an example by which design loads for a wave energy converter (WEC) might be estimated through the various stages of the WEC design process. Unlike previous studies, this study considers structural loads, for which, an accurate assessment is crucial to the optimization and survival of a WEC. Three levels of computational fidelity are considered. The first set of design load approximations are made using a potential flow frequency-domain boundary-element method with generalized body modes. The second set of design load approximations are made using a modified version of the linear-based time-domain code WEC-Sim. The final set of design load simulations are realized using computational fluid dynamics coupled with finite element analysis to evaluate the WEC’s loads in response to both regular and focused waves. This study demonstrates an efficient framework for evaluating loads through each of the design stages. In comparison with experimental and high-fidelity simulation results, the linear-based methods can roughly approximate the design loads and the sea states at which they occur. The high-fidelity simulations for regular wave responses correspond well with experimental data and appear to provide reliable design load data. The high-fidelity simulations of focused waves, however, result in highly nonlinear interactions that are not predicted by the linear-based most-likely extreme response design load method.
Near-optimal, asymptotic tracking in control problems involving state-variable inequality constraints (1993)

The class of all piecewise time-continuous controllers tracking a given hypersurface in the state space of a dynamical system can be split by the present transformation technique into two disjoint classes; while the first of these contains all controllers which track the hypersurface in finite time, the second contains all controllers that track the hypersurface asymptotically. On this basis, a reformulation is presented for optimal control problems involving state-variable inequality constraints. If the state constraint is regarded as 'soft', there may exist controllers which are asymptotic, two-sided, and able to yield the optimal value of the performance index.
<title>Iodine dissociation in chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COILs)</title> (1995)

Iodine dissociation has been measured in the supersonic cavity of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser during lasing under a wide variety of flow conditions. By varying flow conditions, measured dissociations from 0 to 100 percent were observed. A simple model of the initial step in the dissociation process was developed that adequately rationalizes the measurements.
PyFlag – An advanced network forensic framework (2008)

Network forensics is an investigation technique looking at the network traffic generated by a system. PyFlag is a general purpose, open source, forensic package which merges disk forensics, memory forensics and network forensics. This paper describes the PyFlag architecture and in particular how that is used in the network forensics context. The novel processing of HTML pages is described and the PyFlag page rendering is demonstrated. PyFlag's novel processing of complex web applications such as Gmail and other web applications is described. Finally PyFlag's report generation capabilities are demonstrated.
The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans: a review (2006)

Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that have been recognized to have a major influence on energy balance. Leptin is a mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake and thereby inducing weight loss. Ghrelin on the other hand is a fast-acting hormone, seemingly playing a role in meal initiation. As a growing number of people suffer from obesity, understanding the mechanisms by which various hormones and neurotransmitters have influence on energy balance has been a subject of intensive research. In obese subjects the circulating level of the anorexigenic hormone leptin is increased, whereas surprisingly, the level of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin is decreased. It is now established that obese patients are leptin-resistant. However, the manner in which both the leptin and ghrelin systems contribute to the development or maintenance of obesity is as yet not clear. The purpose of this review is to provide background information on the leptin and ghrelin hormones, their role in food intake and body weight in humans, and their mechanism of action. Possible abnormalities in the leptin and ghrelin systems that may contribute to the development of obesity will be mentioned. In addition, the potentials of leptin and ghrelin as drug targets will be discussed. Finally, the influence of the diet on leptin and ghrelin secretion and functioning will be described.
Attenuating Bias in Word Vectors (2019)

Word vector representations are well developed tools for various NLP and Machine Learning tasks and are known to retain significant semantic and syntactic structure of languages. But they are prone to carrying and amplifying bias which can perpetrate discrimination in various applications. In this work, we explore new simple ways to detect the most stereotypically gendered words in an embedding and remove the bias from them. We verify how names are masked carriers of gender bias and then use that as a tool to attenuate bias in embeddings. Further, we extend this property of names to show how names can be used to detect other types of bias in the embeddings such as bias based on race, ethnicity, and age.