gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Morphing Wing: Active Wing Shaping Concept Using Composite Lattice-Based Cellular Structures (2016)

We describe an approach for the discrete and reversible assembly of tunable and actively deformable structures using modular building block parts for robotic applications. The primary technical challenge addressed by this work is the use of this method to design and fabricate low density, highly compliant robotic structures with spatially tuned stiffness. This approach offers a number of potential advantages over more conventional methods for constructing compliant robots. The discrete assembly reduces manufacturing complexity, as relatively simple parts can be batch-produced and joined to make complex structures. Global mechanical properties can be tuned based on sub-part ordering and geometry, because local stiffness and density can be independently set to a wide range of values and varied spatially. The structure's intrinsic modularity can significantly simplify analysis and simulation. Simple analytical models for the behavior of each building block type can be calibrated with empirical testing and synthesized into a highly accurate and computationally efficient model of the full compliant system. As a case study, we describe a modular and reversibly assembled wing that performs continuous span-wise twist deformation. It exhibits high performance aerodynamic characteristics, is lightweight and simple to fabricate and repair. The wing is constructed from discrete lattice elements, wherein the geometric and mechanical attributes of the building blocks determine the global mechanical properties of the wing. We describe the mechanical design and structural performance of the digital morphing wing, including their relationship to wind tunnel tests that suggest the ability to increase roll efficiency compared to a conventional rigid aileron system. We focus here on describing the approach to design, modeling, and construction as a generalizable approach for robotics that require very lightweight, tunable, and actively deformable structures.
Highly spectrum efficient OFDM/PDM wireless networks by using optical SSB modulation (1998)

Optical frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless access network using optical single-sideband modulation is proposed, which allows to deliver different wireless signals from a central station to each base station over an optical fiber network. The optical single-sideband (SSB) OFDM can achieve the highest spectrum efficiency of 0.25 b/s/Hz. A 0.25 b/s/Hz has been experimentally verified by the error-free transport of two-channel 4.98 Gb/s BPSK signal on 10 GHz wireless carrier with the frequency channel interval of 20 GHz at 1550 nm over 50 km-long standard single-mode fiber link. Furthermore, it has been also experimentally confirmed that by introducing the polarization division multiplexing (PDM), the ultimate spectrum efficiency of 0.5 b/s/Hz can be achieved by the hybrid OFDM/PDM.
The origin of the granitic sheets and veins in the Loch Coire migmatites, Scotland (1971)

Summary Most of the granitic sheets and veins in the Loch Coire migmatite complex do not have chemical compositions in accordance with a formation by local anatexis. Regional metasomatism by fluids from outside the exposed confines of the complex was an important factor in the development of the sheets and veins, although there was probably some overlap with magmatic conditions.
A Study on Linear Frequency Modulation Signal Transmission by 4-D Antenna Arrays (2015)

This paper presents a study on linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulsed signal transmission by four-dimensional (4-D) antenna arrays. LFM pulse is used as the input of 4-D antenna arrays and the influence brought by the periodic time modulation is analyzed. The relationship among pulse duration, chirp rate, sample frequency, time-modulation frequency, and propagation direction is analyzed and the restrictions to these parameters are highlighted. The transmitting and receiving structures are introduced and relevant signal processing steps are described. Numerical examples with several different time schemes, including the pulse shifting (PS) scheme and binary phase center motion (BPCM) scheme, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the LFM signal transmission by 4-D arrays. Simulation results validate that original chirp signal can be correctly recovered and low sidelobe power patterns can be simultaneously achieved by 4-D antenna arrays, as long as the proposed limitations are satisfied.
Antibody-catalyzed hydrolysis of oligomeric esters: a model for the degradation of polymeric materials (2001)

A catalytic antibody has been discovered that degrades oligomeric ester substrates.
Joint solar dynamics project data summary, June 14-August 13, 1982. Volume I. Chromospheric and coronal observations. Technical note (1982)

Photospheric, chromospheric and coronal data were collected by the Mees Solar Observatory (University of Hawaii) and the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (NCAR) over the period 14 June - 13 August 1982. These data are presented in a 2-page-per-day format with four solar images (H(alpha), CaII, H(alpha)Limb, and Sunspot) and four coronal contour maps. A listing of data coverage for this period is provided in the text as well as a summary of solar activity detected during this period.
Application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for studying human immunodeficiency virus protein complexes (1998)

Mass spectrometry (MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) has shown utility for studying noncovalent protein complexes, as it offers advantages in sensitivity, speed, and mass accuracy. The stoichiometry of the binding partners can be easily deduced from the molecular weight measurement. In many examples of protein complexes, the gas phase-based measurement is consistent with the expected solution phase binding characteristics. This quality suggests the utility of ESI-MS for investigating solution phase molecular interactions. Complexes composed of proteins from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been studied using ESI-MS. Multiply charged protein dimers from HIV integrase catalytic core (F185K) and HIV protease have been observed. Furthermore, the ternary complex between HIV protease dimer and inhibitor pepstatin A was studied as a function of solution pH. Zinc binding to zinc finger-containing nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) and the NCp7-psi RNA 1:1 stoichiometry complex was also studied by ESI-MS. No protein-RNA complex was observed in the absence of zinc, consistent with the role of the zinc finger motifs for RNA binding.
Metal-Free Phenanthrenequinone Cyclotrimer as an Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst (2009)

A phenanthrenequinone macrocyclic trimer was synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. This model molecule under comparable kinetic conditions is up to 47 times more active than extended solid catalysts including nanocarbons, metal phosphates, and oxides, confirming the hypothesis that diketone-like groups can serve as active sites.
Formation of surface layers on silver nanoparticles in aqueous and water-organic media (2008)

Synthetic aspects of silver nanoparticle preparation in one-and two-phase aqueous and water-organic media and the influence of experimental factors on particle size and surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity are studied. It is shown that silver nanoparticles with controlled mean size and surface hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties can be obtained through direct synthesis or successive transformations.
Broadcast Age of Information in CSMA/CA Based Wireless Networks (2019)

We consider a wireless sensor network in which all the nodes wish to spread their updates over the network using CSMA/CA protocol. We investigate the age of information of the spreading process from a transmitter perspective, which is referred to as the \textit{broadcast age of information (BAoI)}. To be specific, BAoI is the age of the latest update successfully broadcasted to the one-hop neighbors of a node, and thus is suitable to measure the rapidity of the update spreading process. We establish an equivalent transmission model of the network by deriving the transmission probability and the collision probability of nodes. With this equivalent model, we then present the average BAoI of the network explicitly. Our results present the scaling laws of average BAoI with respect to node density and frame length, and are further illustrated through numerical results. As is shown, the average BAoI is increasing with node density and is convex in frame length, i.e., would be large when frame length is very small or very large.
Black Phosphorus Flexible Thin Film Transistors at Gighertz Frequencies (2016)

Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted rapidly growing attention for high speed and low power nanoelectronics owing to its compelling combination of tunable bandgap (0.3 to 2 eV) and high carrier mobility (up to ∼1000 cm(2)/V·s) at room temperature. In this work, we report the first radio frequency (RF) flexible top-gated (TG) BP thin-film transistors on highly bendable polyimide substrate for GHz nanoelectronic applications. Enhanced p-type charge transport with low-field mobility ∼233 cm(2)/V·s and current density of ∼100 μA/μm at VDS = -2 V were obtained from flexible BP transistor at a channel length L = 0.5 μm. Importantly, with optimized dielectric coating for air-stability during microfabrication, flexible BP RF transistors afforded intrinsic maximum oscillation frequency fMAX ∼ 14.5 GHz and unity current gain cutoff frequency fT ∼ 17.5 GHz at a channel length of 0.5 μm. Notably, the experimental fT achieved here is at least 45% higher than prior results on rigid substrate, which is attributed to the improved air-stability of fabricated BP devices. In addition, the high-frequency performance was investigated through mechanical bending test up to ∼1.5% tensile strain, which is ultimately limited by the inorganic dielectric film rather than the 2D material. Comparison of BP RF devices to other 2D semiconductors clearly indicates that BP offers the highest saturation velocity, an important metric for high-speed and RF flexible nanosystems.
The tetramer d(CpGpCpG) crystallizes as a left-handed double helix. (1980)

The structure of the tetramer d(CpGpCpG) has been solved by x-ray analysis in two different crystal forms with and without spermine cations. The molecules crystallize in hexagonal unit cells and they form a left-handed double helix of Z-DNA similar to that previously reported for the hexamer d(CpGpCpGpCpG). In the crystal lattice the molecules stack together to form a virtually continuous left-handed double helix in which every fourth phosphate group is missing. The stacking of bases upon each other is similar to that seen in the hexamer. However, the base pairs have a slightly different orientation in that the cytosine residues are slightly removed from the axis of the molecule compared to the position they occupy in the hexamer. The structures are similar in two crystal forms with and without spermine cations.
Spectral CT Modeling and Reconstruction With Hybrid Detectors in Dynamic-Threshold-Based Counting and Integrating Modes (2014)

Spectral CT with photon counting detectors can significantly improve CT performance by reducing image noise and dose, increasing contrast resolution and material specificity, as well as enabling functional and molecular imaging with existing and emerging probes. However, the current photon counting detector architecture is difficult to balance the number of energy bins and the statistical noise in each energy bin. Moreover, the hardware support for multi-energy bins demands a complex circuit which is expensive. In this paper, we promote a new scheme known as hybrid detectors that combine the dynamic-threshold-based counting and integrating modes. In this scheme, an energy threshold can be dynamically changed during a spectral CT scan, which can be considered as compressive sensing along the spectral dimension. By doing so, the number of energy bins can be retrospectively specified, even in a spatially varying fashion. To establish the feasibility and merits of such hybrid detectors, we develop a tensor-based PRISM algorithm to reconstruct a spectral CT image from dynamic dual-energy data, and perform experiments with simulated and real data, producing very promising results.
Comparative Dna Binding Of Iron And Manganese Complexes By Spectroscopic And Itc Techniques And Antibacterial Activity (2015)

Interaction of Schiff base complexes of Iron and<br> Manganese: Iron [N, N’ Bis (5- (triphenyl phosphonium methyl)<br> salicylidene) -1, 2 ethanediamine) chloride, [Fe Salen]Cl; Manganese<br> [N, N’ Bis (5- (triphenyl phosphonium methyl) salicylidene) -1, 2<br> ethanediamine) acetate, were investigated by spectroscopic and<br> isothermal titration calorimetry techniques (ITC).<br> The absorbance spectra of complexes have shown hyper and<br> hypochromism in the presence of DNA that is indication of<br> interaction of complexes with DNA. The linear dichroism (LD)<br> measurements confirmed the bending of DNA in the presence of<br> complexes.<br> Furthermore, Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments<br> approved that complexes bound to DNA on the base of both<br> electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. More, ITC profile exhibits<br> the existence of two binding phases for the complexes. Antibacterial<br> activity of ligand and complexes were tested in vitro to evaluate their<br> activity against the gram positive and negative bacteria.
Error Exponents for Multi-Source Multi-Relay Parallel Relay Networks with Limited Backhaul Capacity (2011)

In this paper, we assess the random coding error exponents (EEs) corresponding to decode-and-forward (DF), compress-and-forward (CF) and quantize-and-forward (QF) relaying strategies for a parallel relay network (PRN), consisting of two sources, two relay stations (RSs) and single destination where the RSs access to the destination via orthogonal, error-free, limited-capacity backhaul links. Among these relaying strategies, the DF and QF studied in this paper differ from their well-known conventional versions in certain aspects. In the DF relaying, each RS applies maximum-likelihood (ML) detection and sends the message corresponding to the detected signal along with a reliability information to the destination which finalize the decision on the transmitted message. In QF relaying, as opposed to the Gaussian codebook and vector quantization (VQ) theoretical model used for deriving bounds, we consider a simple and practical relaying strategy consisting of finite-alphabet constellations (i.e., M-QAM) at the sources and symbol-by-symbol uniform scalar quantizers (uSQs) at the RSs. We also show, through numerical analysis, that the proposed QF relaying can provide better EEs than the others when the modulation constellation sizes selected by the sources match to the network conditions, i.e., operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the backhaul capacity is sufficient. This behavior is due to the structure inherent in the considered modulation alphabets, which Gaussian signaling lacks.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Critical Roof Collapse Conditions in Soft Lithography (2005)

One of the major issues during soft lithographic processes is that, if the pressing force on the stamp becomes too high, the stamp may erroneously come into contact with the substrate in zones where contact is not intended. This decreases the patterning accuracy and may lead to badly or nonperforming electronic devices and is therefore undesired. Design rules, available at an early stage in the design phase, are desired to speed-up the development of this technique. Ultimately, these rules should give an indication of the critical pressure that can safely be applied on the stamp thereby avoiding unwanted contact between the stamp and the substrate. To obtain these critical pressures, numerical analyses of the deformation behavior of two characteristic configurations in the microstructured surface pattern of the rubber stamp are performed. The deformation behavior of the rubber is modeled according to a Gaussian and a non-Gaussian approach, leading to a neo-Hookean and Arruda-Boyce constitutive model, respectively. Besides these material nonlinearities, geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account as well. The calculated pressure at which undesired contact takes place (the roof collapse pressure) is compared to experimentally obtained values for two particular types of structures, and the results are in agreement within the error margins of the experiments and those ensuing from the assumptions of the numerical simulations.
Balanced Reed-Solomon Codes (2016)

We consider the problem of constructing linear Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) error-correcting codes with generator matrices that are sparsest and balanced. In this context, sparsest means that every row has the least possible number of non-zero entries, and balanced means that every column contains the same number of non-zero entries. Codes with this structure minimize the maximal computation time of computing any code symbol, a property that is appealing to systems where computational load-balancing is critical. The problem was studied before by Dau et al. where it was shown that there always exists an MDS code over a sufficiently large field such that its generator matrix is both sparsest and balanced. However, the construction is not explicit and more importantly, the resulting MDS codes do not lend themselves to efficient error correction. With an eye towards explicit constructions with efficient decoding, we show in this paper that the generator matrix of a cyclic Reed-Solomon code of length $n$ and dimension $k$ can always be transformed to one that is both sparsest and balanced, for all parameters $n$ and $k$ where $\frac{k}{n}(n - k + 1)$ is an integer.
Attenuated heat shock transcriptional response in aging: Molecular mechanism and implication in the biology of aging (1996)

A characteristic feature of aging is a progressive impairment in the ability to adapt to environmental challenges. The purpose of this review is to present the experimental evidence of an attenuated heat shock transcriptional response to heat and physiological stresses in a number of aging mammalian model systems. These include the human diploid fibroblasts in culture, whole animals and animal derived cells and cell cultures, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from human donors. The possibility that age-dependent changes in cellular redox status, as exemplified by the increased production of reactive oxygen inter-mediates and accumulation of oxidatively-modified proteins, affects the regulation and function of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and contributes to the attenuated heat shock transcriptional response in aging cells and organisms is discussed. Given the fundamentally important role of HSPs in many aspects of protein homeostasis and signal transduction, it seems likely that the inability, or compromised ability, of aging cells and organisms to produce HSPs in response to stress would contribute to the well known increase in morbidity and mortality of the aged when challenged.
A 78nm 6F DRAM Technology for Multigigabit Densities (2004)

This paper discusses a manufacturable 6F2 DRAM technology at a 78nm half-pitch feature size that results in the smallest DRAM cell size (0.036pm2) to date. The novel 6F2 cell design utilizes linelspace patterning and self-aligned etches to improve process margin. An MIM capacitor that employs composite high-k dielectric materials is integrated into the process. Tungsten-clad WL and BL reduce parasitics and noise to make this 6F2 technology suitable for 2Ghb4Gb density DRAM with a competitive die size for volume production.
A single-amplifier biquad active filter (1972)

A single-amplifier circuit is introduced and shown to be capable of realizing any second-order minimum-phase voltage transfer function while maintaining an isotopic structure. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the single-amplifier biquad (SAB) is comparable to other state-of-the-art active filters employing more amplifiers. A bandpass SAB together with an extra amplifiers enables the realization of right-half-plane zeros.
Surface crack detection in ferritic and austenitic steel components using inductive heated thermography (2010)

Active dynamic thermography using inductive heating was used for investigations on different steel components with a high allotment of carbon. The set of test specimens are semi-finished products from a continuous casting process. The cross sectional area of the products is 50×50 mm to 250×250 mm. Defects resulting from the production process have to be detected to avouch the desired quality to the customers. The probed surface is rudely brushed to lift off large oxide parts. Anomalies in the surface temperature during and after inductive heating correspond to inhomogeneities in the material. The defects are perpendicular and slanted surface cracks. The penetration depth of the induced eddy current depends on the induction frequency and on the material properties for example the relative permeability value. In the case of magnetic materials, like ferritic steel and high excitation frequency, the penetration depth of the current is very small in comparison to austenitic steel. Thus, the eddy current is much closer to the 0.1-1mm deep surface cracks. By contrast, the eddy current in austenitic steel at the same excitation frequency has a much larger penetration depth and therefore leads to a different behavior around a crack of similar depth. Thus, lower temperatures around the crack are observed. It is shown, that depending on the material properties, the excitation frequency and the duration of the heating pulse higher or lower temperatures around the surface crack are achieved. To homogenize the emissivity of the oxidized surface, a very thin water film superimposed on the surface is tested.
Kinematic Model Predictive Control for a Novel Tethered Aerial Cable-Driven Continuum Robot (2021)

This paper presents the concept of a tethered aerial cable-driven continuum robot capable of flight and actuation whilst drawing its power from a ground station. The inspiration of this concept is to combine the manoeuvrability of an aerial vehicle with the flexibility of a continuum robot to make it an ideal candidate for a variety of operations in distant and narrow locations. We present a model predictive control (MPC) scheme to control the continuum robot’s position using only its velocity kinematics, thus removing the need for a computationally expensive dynamic model. To derive the velocity kinematics, we used the constant curvature assumption of a flexible rod and took its Jacobian matrix to get the required state-space model. The configuration states are estimated using optimisation-based inverse kinematics. We also present a prototype of the proposed system which to the knowledge of the authors, is the first to employ a tethered aerial cable-driven continuum robot capable of flight and transmission of mechanical work over 4 metres. We demonstrate the performance of the kinematic MPC through a series of experiments in both simulation and real life, and also show why a conventional PID controller falls short comparatively.