gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient task scheduling for Many Task Computing with resource attribute selection (2014)

Many Task Computing (MTC) is a new class of computing paradigm in which the aggregate number of tasks, quantity of computing, and volumes of data may be extremely large. With the advent of Cloud computing and big data era, scheduling and executing large-scale computing tasks efficiently and allocating resources to tasks reasonably are becoming a quite challenging problem. To improve both task execution and resource utilization efficiency, we present a task scheduling algorithm with resource attribute selection, which can select the optimal node to execute a task according to its resource requirements and the fitness between the resource node and the task. Experiment results show that there is significant improvement in execution throughput and resource utilization compared with the other three algorithms and four scheduling frameworks. In the scheduling algorithm comparison, the throughput is 77% higher than Min-Min algorithm and the resource utilization can reach 91%. In the scheduling framework comparison, the throughput (with work-stealing) is at least 30% higher than the other frameworks and the resource utilization reaches 94%. The scheduling algorithm can make a good model for practical MTC applications.
Electrons in the Quantum World (2022)

Abstract This chapter discusses the following questions: • How does application of quantum mechanics and statistics to free electrons help reveal their wavefunctions 𝜓, momentum, energy, density of states, energy density, and quantum mechanical currents? • How do the above physical properties of electrons depend on the number of dimensions the electron is allowed to move in? Specifically, what are the similarities and differences of the properties for electrons moving in 1D, 2D, and 3D? • How did quantum mechanics and quantum statistics of free electrons resolve the discrepancies of the classical Drude model of the behavior of electrons in solids, and what phenomena could still not be explained? • A few exactly solved situations when electrons are not free, but form bound states, in which case there is no motion of electrons.
Poorly Thought-Out Values: Problems of Measurement (2019)

1 When faced with complex, unfamiliar issues, people may have poorly formulated, even incoherent, values. In such situations, where people do not know what they want, the values they express may be highly labile. Subtle changes in how issues are posed, questions are phrased, and responses are elicited can have marked effects on people's expressed preferences. Furthermore, confronting these effects is unavoidable if we are to elicit values at all. If one is interested in what an individual really feels about a value issue, there may be no substitute for an interactive elicitation procedure which acknowledges the elicitor's role in helping the repondent to create and enunciate values. There is, however, no guarantee that even the greatest of care will resolve fundamental inconsistencies in values.
SynergyFinder 3.0: an interactive analysis and consensus interpretation of multi-drug synergies across multiple samples (2022)

SynergyFinder (https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi) is a free web-application for interactive analysis and visualization of multi-drug combination response data. Since its first release in 2017, SynergyFinder has become a popular tool for multi-dose combination data analytics, partly because the development of its functionality and graphical interface has been driven by a diverse user community, including both chemical biologists and computational scientists. Here, we describe the latest upgrade of this community-effort, SynergyFinder release 3.0, introducing a number of novel features that support interactive multi-sample analysis of combination synergy, a novel consensus synergy score that combines multiple synergy scoring models, and an improved outlier detection functionality that eliminates false positive results, along with many other post-analysis options such as weighting of synergy by drug concentrations and distinguishing between different modes of synergy (potency and efficacy). Based on user requests, several additional improvements were also implemented, including new data visualizations and export options for multi-drug combinations. With these improvements, SynergyFinder 3.0 supports robust identification of consistent combinatorial synergies for multi-drug combinatorial discovery and clinical translation.
mmWave Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Systems (2022)

This paper presents an S-shape four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wideband mmWave antenna with bandwidth of 25 GHz to 39 GHz. The antenna is designed on 0.254 mm ultra-thin RO5880 with permittivity of 2.3. The dimensions of proposed S-shape antenna are 10 × 12 mm for single element and 24 × 24 mm for four-port MIMO configuration. A decoupling network is introduced to further compress mutual coupling among MIMO elements. The peak gain achieved is 7.1 dBi and MIMO assembly delivers diversity scheme. The proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated, and simulated results are found to be in excellent agreement with simulations. Through the results obtained, the proposed MIMO antenna system can be considered as a potential candidate for future mmWave devices.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (2004)

Normal human reproduction is an inefficient process with only 22.8% of conceptive matings resulting in live birth (Fig. 1) (1,2). Miscarriages are the most common complication of pregnancy, affecting 15% of women (3). Loss of pregnancy is a physically and emotionally challenging ordeal. When pregnancy loss is repetitive, these feelings are magnified and the result is a distressing and frustrating problem for both the patients and the physicians. Recurrent pregnancy losses can occur early or late in the pregnancy. Early pregnancy losses are losses of embryos during the first trimester of pregnancy and have been termed abortions or miscarriages. Although most miscarriages are sporadic and not repetitive, there is a subset of couples that suffer recurrent miscarriage. Although the risk of miscarriage increases with maternal age, overall 15% of pregnancies miscarry. Approximately 13% of all recognized first pregnancies are lost. The risk of a second consecutive miscarriage is only slightly increased to 17%. However, the risk of miscarriage after two consecutive pregnancy losses rises to between 35 and 40% and continues to rise with each subsequent miscarriage (4). As many as 5% of all couples conceiving experience two consecutive miscarriages and 2% have three or more consecutive losses. Late pregnancy losses are losses of fetuses after the first trimester of pregnancy. Late pregnancy losses occur far less frequently than early pregnancy losses and comprise only 1% of pregnancies. Late pregnancy losses are usually associated with incompetent cervix, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, or placental abruption.
MUSCL scheme for Single Well Chemical Tracer Test simulation, design and interpretation (2019)

Our paper presents an improved numerical scheme to simulate Single Well Chemical Tracer Test (SWCTT) method. SWCTT is mainly applied to determine the residual oil saturation of reservoirs. It consists in injecting an aqueous slug of a primary tracer into the reservoir formation and displacing it at a certain distance from the well. This tracer is partly miscible with oil on the one hand, and generates in situ a secondary tracer on the other hand. As a consequence, a shift is observed between the primary and the secondary tracers arrival times when production is resumed. This time shift is used to evaluate the residual oil saturation. In our paper, we propose a numerical scheme based on a fractional time stepping technique to decouple the resolution of the phases mass conservation equations and the chemical tracers mole conservation equations. For the phases resolution, we use an implicit scheme to ensure stability and robustness. For the chemical tracers, we propose an explicit second-order scheme in time and in space via MUSCL technique to improve the tracers time-shift calculation. The proposed numerical method is implemented on a realistic simulation model consisting of a vertical well crossing a reservoir consisting of a stack of homogeneous layers. By reducing the numerical dispersion, the proposed scheme improves the accuracy of predicted concentration profiles, without significantly increasing the computation time. Finally, the advantages of using a second-order scheme for residual oil saturation assessment are discussed on the basis of a radial 1D mesh convergence study.
Synthesis of perhydroxydodecaborate salts and related species (2023)

New icosahedral borohydrates Cs.sub.2 [closo-B.sub.12 (OH).sub.12 ]; Cs[closo-1-H-1-CB.sub.11 (OH).sub.11 ]; and closo-1,12-H.sub.2 -1,12-C.sub.2 B.sub.10 (OH).sub.10 are disclosed. Also set forth are their preparation by refluxing the icosahedral boranes [closo-B.sub.12 H.sub.12 ].sup.2-, [closo-1-CB.sub.11 H.sub.12 ].sup.- and closo-1,12-(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.2 -1,12-C.sub.2 B.sub.10 H.sub.10 with a hydroxylating agent, preferably 30%.sub.w hydrogen peroxide.
Unipolar Switching in Pt∕GeSe[sub x]Te[sub 1−x]∕Pt (2010)

We report unipolar switching in amorphous of varying Se content (x) sandwiched between Pt top and bottom electrodes. After the initialization process, termed electroforming, repeatable unipolar switching was observed. We investigated the effect of the Se to Te ratio on the unipolar switching as well as on the electroforming voltage and the resistance of the as-electroformed state, which showed increases in the electroforming voltage and the resistance of the as-electroformed state with increasing Se content. Some phenomenological evidences of unipolar switching, which cannot be explained by means of the conventional phase-change effect, are reported.
Regulation of Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) by Nucleotide-binding Domain, Leucine-rich Repeat-containing (NLR) Proteins (2012)

Most of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins regulate responses to microbial and damage-associated products. Class II transactivator (CIITA) has a distinct function as the master regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) transcription. Recently, human NLRC5 was found to regulate MHC-I in cell lines; however, a host of conflicting positive and negative functions has been attributed to this protein. To address the function of NLRC5 in a physiologic setting, we generated an Nlrc5(-/-) strain that contains a deletion in the exon that encodes the nucleotide-binding domain. We have not detected a role for this protein in cytokine induction by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and viruses. However, Nlrc5(-/-) cells showed a dramatic decrease of classical (H-2K) and nonclassical (Tla) MHC-I expression by T/B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-monocytic lineages. As a comparison, CIITA did not affect mouse MHC-I expression. Nlrc5(-/-) splenocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were able to up-regulate MHC-I in response to IFN-γ; however, the absolute levels of MHC-I expression were significantly lower than WT controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of IFN-γ-treated cells indicates that Nlrc5 reduced the silencing H3K27me3 histone modification, but did not affect the activating AcH3 modification on a MHC-I promoter. In summary, we conclude that Nlrc5 is important in the regulation of MHC-I expression by reducing H3K27me3 on MHC-I promoter and joins CIITA as an NLR subfamily that controls MHC gene transcription.
A role for IRF3-dependent RXRα repression in hepatotoxicity associated with viral infections (2006)

Viral infections and antiviral responses have been linked to several metabolic diseases, including Reye's syndrome, which is aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity in the context of a viral infection. We identify an interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent but type I interferon-independent pathway that strongly inhibits the expression of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and suppresses the induction of its downstream target genes, including those involved in hepatic detoxification. Activation of IRF3 by viral infection in vivo greatly enhances bile acid- and aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results provide a critical link between the innate immune response and host metabolism, identifying IRF3-mediated down-regulation of RXRalpha as a molecular mechanism for pathogen-associated metabolic diseases.
The Use of ECT as a Standard Treatment for MDD (2017)

The arsenal of effective, standardized treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) is shockingly low considering one in three individuals in the Unit- ed States will experience clinical depression during their lifetime (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). MDD is usually limited to drug therapy and cognitive therapy, and alternative treatment methods are often disregarded as ineffective or unethical. This review explores the possibility of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as an alternative standard treatment for MDD. ECT has been used for decades for the treatment of mood disorders, but only recently has the medical community begun to understand how ECT affects the brain. With advancements in methodology, ECT has become a safe, efficient, and more permanent treatment option compared to drug therapy. This research discusses proposed causes of depression in the pathways of the brain, as well as specific areas of the brain affected by drug therapy and ECT. With recent research demonstrating the possibility of neurogenesis in the hippocampus being related to depressive symptoms, new perspectives on old treatment options must be explored. This review will propose the possibility of ECT as a standard treatment for MDD.
Application of Ultra-Wideband Synthesis in Software Defined Radar for UAV-based Landmine Detection (2019)

In this paper we demonstrate the capability of an ultra-wideband software defined radar (SDRadar) implemented in commercial USRP SDR hardware to produce high-resolution images of sub-surface landmine-like targets. We formulate a half-space back-projection focusing algorithm for low-altitude nadir-looking airborne altimetric ground-penetrating SAR that accounts for dispersive and refractive effects of the air-ground interface. Performance of the SDRadar and focusing algorithm are shown in experimental results. This work has applications in the development of low-cost high-resolution UAV-based radar systems for landmine detection and other sub-surface imaging tasks.
Breast Cancer Immunity: It is TIME for the Next Chapter (2023)

Our ability to interrogate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) at an ever-increasing granularity has uncovered critical determinants of disease progression. Not only do we now have a better understanding of the immune response in breast cancer, but it is becoming possible to leverage key mechanisms to effectively combat this disease. Almost every component of the immune system plays a role in enabling or inhibiting breast tumor growth. Building on early seminal work showing the involvement of T cells and macrophages in controlling breast cancer progression and metastasis, single-cell genomics and spatial proteomics approaches have recently expanded our view of the TIME. In this article, we provide a detailed description of the immune response against breast cancer and examine its heterogeneity in disease subtypes. We discuss preclinical models that enable dissecting the mechanisms responsible for tumor clearance or immune evasion and draw parallels and distinctions between human disease and murine counterparts. Last, as the cancer immunology field is moving toward the analysis of the TIME at the cellular and spatial levels, we highlight key studies that revealed previously unappreciated complexity in breast cancer using these technologies. Taken together, this article summarizes what is known in breast cancer immunology through the lens of translational research and identifies future directions to improve clinical outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Nor‐ and Bisnorlupanes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active contours extension and similarity indicators for improved 3D segmentation of thyroid ultrasound images (2017)

Thyroid segmentation in tracked 2D ultrasound (US) using active contours has a low segmentation accuracy mainly due to the fact that smaller structures cannot be efficiently recognized and segmented. To address this issue, we propose a new similarity indicator with the main objective to provide information to the active contour algorithm concerning the regions that the active contour should continue to expand or should stop. First, a preprocessing step is carried out in order to attenuate the noise present in the US image and to increase its contrast, using histogram equalization and a median filter. In the second step, active contours are used to segment the thyroid in each 2D image of the dataset. After performing a first segmentation, two similarity indicators (ratio of mean square error, MSE and correlation between histograms) are computed at each contour point of the initial segmented thyroid between rectangles located inside and outside the obtained contour. A threshold is used on a final indicator computed from the other two indicators to find the probable regions for further segmentation using active contours. This process is repeated until no new segmentation region is identified. Finally, all the segmented thyroid images passed through a 3D reconstruction algorithm to obtain a 3D volume segmented thyroid. The results showed that including similarity indicators based on histogram equalization and MSE between inside and outside regions of the contour can help to segment difficult areas that active contours have problem to segment.
X-Ray Studies of Bond Orientational Order in Liquid-Crystalline Orthogonal Hexatic-B Phase (1994)

X-ray scattering measurements have been carried out for free-standing, thick monodomain films of the orthogonal hexatic-B phase. From Fourier analysis of χ-scans, 6n-fold-symmetry order parameters were determined and proved to fulfill the scaling relation C6n = C6n+λn(n-1). The temperature behavior of C6 and λ was found nonuniversal when comparing homologues, PIR5 and PIR7, differing in their range of the hexatic phase. The hexatic order parameter varies with the critical exponents 0.25, 0.20 (± 0.03), respectively. For comparison results for compound RFL6, of other homologue series, are presented.
Immersive Collaborative Laboratory Simulations Using A Gaming Engine (2020)

This paper discusses the possibility of using a commercial game engine, such as the "Source" engine used in "Half-Life 2", to implement an immersive and collaborative virtual laboratory environment that will enable multiple students to perform educational laboratory experiment simulations. These simulations will involve real-time student interaction through a computer network, and they will benefit the students by stimulating the different modalities of learning, i.e. visual, audio, read/write and kinesthetic.
Genetic and Phenotypic Features of Blood and Genital Viral Populations of Clinically Asymptomatic and Antiretroviral-Treatment-Naive Clade A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women (2007)

In the present study, we assessed whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic compartmentalization was associated with phenotypic CCR5 (R5) or CXCR4 (X4) coreceptor usage differences between the systemic and the genital viral populations. Four clinically asymptomatic and treatment-naïve clade A HIV-1-infected patients were selected from a cohort of 274 African women, because they were free of all the biological cofactors known to modify the kinetics of viral production in the genital tract. HIV RNA envelope sequences (V1 to V3) derived from plasma and cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) were amplified, subcloned, and sequenced. CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor usage was determined by production of recombinant viral particles, followed by single-cycle infection assays of indicator cell lines, using the tropism recombinant test. In these four selected patients, CVS-derived sequences appeared to be genetically distinct from blood-derived sequences (P < or = 0.001). Two patients were found to harbor virus populations with only the R5 phenotype in both compartments, whereas viruses using CXCR4 in addition to CCR5 were detected in two other patients. In particular, one woman harbored genital virus populations with mixed R5 and X4 phenotypes associated with peripheral blood populations with only the R5 phenotype. These results demonstrate genetic compartmentalization of HIV between the plasma and genital secretions of clinically asymptomatic, treatment-naïve, clade A-infected women. Also, for one patient, we report phenotypic coreceptor usage differences between the systemic (R5) and genital (R5/X4) viral populations. These features may be critical for the development of further mucosal vaccines, therapies, or new preventive strategies to block heterosexual transmission.
RSSI- based Node Self- Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network (2014)

Node position information is very important for the application of wireless sensor networks(WSNs).RSSI(Receive Signal Strength Indicator)- based node self- localization is extensively used due to its advantages in terms of low- cost and low- complexity.Based on the principles of wireless sensor networks localization algorithms,the factors that affect the localization accuracy are investigated.Meanwhile,RSSI- based localization techniques and the improved algorithms in wireless sensor networks are analyzed and summarized.Specifically,the RSSI- based localization algorithms are improved from the aspects of distance estimation,localization accuracy and error amendment.Moreover,the open issues are proposed and concluded.
Figure S2 from <i>BRCA2</i> Germline Mutations Identify Gastric Cancers Responsive to PARP Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;BRCA2 LOF mutations in the GEA PDX models used in pre-clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;