gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The regulation of glycan processing in glycoproteins. The effect of avidin on individual steps in the processing of biotinylated glycan derivatives. (1987)

The effect of the protein matrix on glycan processing by rat liver Golgi enzymes has been evaluated by a direct comparison of substrate----products conversion of a free glycan and of the same glycan linked to a protein. The glycan substrates had the general structure R-glycan where R represented either biotinyl-Asn-GlcNAc2- or 6-(biotinamido)hexanoyl-Asn-Glc-NAc2- and the protein used was avidin; the extension arm in one of the glycan substrates permitted the additional comparison of two avidin-biotin-glycan complexes. By the use of different glycans as substrates, by the presence or absence of donor substrates (UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-Gal, and CMP-sialic acid (Sia) and/or the inhibitor, swainsonine, it was possible to dissect the individual steps involved in the conversion of R-Man6 (or R-Man5) to a biantennary complex glycan, R-Man3-GlcNAc2-Gal2-Sia2 or to the hybrid glycan R-Man5-GlcNAc-Gal-Sia. Using fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the substrates and products of each parallel incubation of free and avidin-bound substrates, the following observations were made. With the substrate without the extension arm, avidin-binding inhibited mannosidase I, GlcNAc transferase I, and the second step of the reaction catalyzed by mannosidase II (R-Man4-GlcNAc----R-Man3-GlcNAc); the second step of the reaction catalyzed by Gal-transferase was also inhibited to a lesser extent. This inhibition was greatly reduced or absent with the substrates with the extension arm and was consequently referred to as the short range effect. A long range effect of avidin binding expressed by both substrates with and without extension arm was observed for Gal-transferase acting in the hybrid glycan pathway (R-Man5-GlcNAc----R-Man5-GlcNAc-Gal) in the presence of swainsonine and also for Sia-transferase in the catalysis of the incorporation of the second Sia residue into the complex product (R-Man3-GlcNA2-Gal2-Sia----R-Man3-GlcNAc2- Gal2-Sia2) and to a lesser extent in the hybrid pathway (R-Man5-GlcNAc-Gal----R-Man5-GlcNAc-Gal-Sia). GlcNAc transferase II did not appear to be affected by avidin. Based on the information available on the biotin-binding site in avidin, it is proposed that the short range effect reflects the masking of the core chitobiose unit in the avidin-glycan complexes in the absence of the extension arm, but not in the presence of the arm, and that the early processing enzymes thus may require a fully exposed chitobiose for full activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Roles of cell adhesion molecules nectin and nectin‐like molecule‐5 in the regulation of cell movement and proliferation (2008)

In response to chemoattractants, migrating cells form protrusions, such as lamellipodia and filopodia, and structures, such as ruffles over lamellipodia, focal complexes and focal adhesions at leading edges. The formation of these leading edge structures is essential for directional cell movement. Nectin-like molecule-5 (Necl-5) interacts in cis with PDGF receptor and integrin alpha(v)beta(3), and enhances the activation of signalling molecules associated with these transmembrane proteins, which results in the formation of leading edge structures and enhancement of directional cell movement. When migrating cells come into contact with each other, cell-cell adhesion is initiated, resulting in reduced cell velocity. Necl-5 first interacts in trans with nectin-3. This interaction is transient and induces down-regulation of Necl-5 expression at the cell surface, resulting in reduced cell movement. Cell proliferation is also suppressed by the down-regulation of Necl-5, because the inhibitory effect of Necl-5 on Sprouty2, a negative regulator of the Ras signalling, is diminished. PDGF receptor and integrin alpha(v)beta(3), which have interacted with Necl-5, then form a complex with nectin, which initiates cell-cell adhesion and recruits cadherin to the nectin-based cell-cell adhesion sites to form stable adherens junctions. The formation of adherens junctions stops cell movement, in part through inactivation of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) caused by the trans-interaction of nectin. Thus, nectin and Necl-5 play key roles in the regulation of cell movement and proliferation.
Licochalcone A, a new antimalarial agent, inhibits in vitro growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and protects mice from P. yoelii infection (1994)

Licochalcone A, isolated from Chinese licorice roots, inhibited the in vitro growth of both chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains in a [3H]hypoxanthine uptake assay. The growth inhibition of the chloroquine-resistant strain by licochalcone A was similar to that of the chloroquine-susceptible strain. To examine the activity of licochalcone A on the different asexual blood stages of the parasite, licochalcone A was added to highly synchronized cultures containing rings, trophozoites, and schizonts. The growth of the parasites at all stages was inhibited by licochalcone A. The in vivo activity of licochalcone A was tested in a mouse model of infection with P. yoelii. Licochalcone A administered either intraperitoneally or orally for 3 to 6 days protected the mice from the otherwise lethal P. yoelii infection. These results demonstrate that licochalcone A exhibits potent antimalarial activity and might be developed into a new antimalarial drug.
Transition organometallic mediated synthesis of a C3 malonic ester from carbon monoxide (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition organometallic mediated synthesis of a C3 malonic ester from carbon monoxideT. W. Bodnar, E. J. Crawford, and A. R. CutlerCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 5, 947–950Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00136a018https://doi.org/10.1021/om00136a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neuroanesthesia and Intensive Care Special Article Toronto critical care medicine symposium report (2002)

HE Toronto Critical Care Medicine Symposium (TCCMS) is organized every October by members of the Toronto academic critical care community, with the collaboration of a group of national scientific advisors. Because of the quality of invited speakers and topics, the event is popular among Canadian and international clinicians who practice in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting (physicians, as well as nurses, and respiratory therapists). The symposium has become, over time, the premier Canadian critical care meeting. In October 2001, the conference featured several talks on cutting edge or changing issues in the area. Herein, we report selected messages of interest to critical care practitioners, and hope this summary will find favour with the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia readership. Information about the yearly symposium can be obtained on the internet at the “TCCSM” website (www.tccms.com). The high risk pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) study A large trial conducted in collaboration with the Canadian Critical Care (CCC) Trials Group was recently completed by Dean Sandham and colleagues. One thousand nine hundred and ninety-four ASA class III or IV patients aged 65 yr or more who underwent major noncardiac surgery were randomized to preoperative PAC and protocol-driven fluid and drug management, or a control group, managed by the ICU team, using a central venous catheter without protocolized care. Patients in the PAC group received significantly more colloids, inotropes and vasopressors. The main endpoint, hospital mortality, was the same in the two groups: 7.7% in control and 7.8% in PAC group. At one year, mortality was not significantly different. This large multicentre randomized trial suggests that peri- and postoperative management using a PAC in the ICU does not decrease mortality. The incidence of pulmonary embolism was significantly higher in the PAC group. The observed 0.8% incidence of pulmonary embolism could translate into a 12,000/yr PAC attributable incidence across North America. Sepsis strategies/forum Reliability/validity Reliability and validity criteria for the terms “sepsis” and “septic shock” are not well established. A literature review of the overlap between reliability and validity criteria and diagnostic categories such as “sepsis” or even “Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome” (ARDS) compared poorly to a number of other illnesses, including psychiatric diseases. Depression, for example, has more reliable characterizing criteria that enable correct diagnosis, thereby making the right diagnosis for the application of potential therapy a lot more likely across heterogeneous groups of treating physicians. The high cost of emerging therapeutic options makes the development of accurate assessment of severe sepsis more pressing.
Catalytic Enantioselective Protonation of Lithium Ester Enolates Generated by Conjugate Addition of Arylthiolate to Enoates (2001)

A chiral ligand, a catalytic amount of lithium cation, and no chiral proton source: These are features of the present asymmetric addition-protonation of propenoates with 2-trimethylsilylbenzenethiol. The reaction is catalyzed by a combination of lithium 2-trimethylsilylbenzenethiolate and the chiral ligand 1. Desulfurization of the product affords 2-substituted propanoates with high ee values and without racemization. Furthermore, 1 can be recovered quantitatively for reuse.
Data Collection Strategy for Exploration Wells in Tight Reservoirs (2009)

Tight and ultra tight gas reservoirs are recognised as providing significant opportunities for oil companies worldwide to add producible reserves to their portfolios. However, it is commonly perceived that wells in such reservoirs may suffer from low productivity and possibly unstable rates below the economic threshold. Massive hydraulic fracturing treatments are considered to be the most effective operations to improve well productivities and achieve economic flow rates in these environments. These operations can sometimes be complex and expensive actions where costs can sometimes be in the order of millions of US$. Exploiting tight reservoirs through such stimulation treatments may thus only be attractive in a promising hydrocarbon price scenario. Inarguably, conventionally acquired well data such as cores, logs, wireline and testing etc. do assist in driving decisions whether or not to fracture, but usually fall short of providing reliable information about the most likely dynamic reservoir and fluid response. In this respect, especially during the exploration and appraisal phases, a clear strategy has to be planned a priori to determine the most suitable approach that maximises the value of information about the reservoir dynamic behaviour and indicates whether an expensive fracturing treatment may be beneficial or not. A general workflow will be presented with the aim of facilitating the decision making process.
Probabilistic self-localization for sensor networks (2006)

This paper describes a technique for the probabilistic self-localization of a sensor network based on noisy inter-sensor range data. Our method is based on a num-ber of parallel instances of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). By combining estimates drawn from these parallel chains, we build up a representation of the un-derlying probability distribution function (PDF) for the network pose. Our approach includes sensor data incre-mentally in order to avoid local minima and is shown to produce meaningful results efficiently. We return a distribution over sensor locations rather than a single maximum likelihood estimate. This can then be used for subsequent exploration and validation.
A vector-hydrophone~s minimal composition for finite estimation-variance in direction-finding near a rigid reflecting boundary (2005)

Vector-hydrophones have been recently introduced to address the underwater acoustic direction finding problem. A vector-hydrophone configuration consists of three spatially collocated but orthogonally oriented velocity-hydrophones and an optional pressure-hydrophone. In this paper, we assess the different combinations of the vector-hydrophone components to identify an efficient vector-hydrophone construction which still enables the directional of arrival estimation. The optimum vector-hydrophone structure is found by evaluating the necessary and sufficient vector-hydrophone composition non-singularity in the Fisher information matrix. Recommended for direction finding near a rigid reflecting boundary are a pressure hydrophone composed with a collocated pair of x-axis and y-axis velocity hydrophones
Transient Intestinal Colonization by a Live-Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccine Induces Protective Immune Responses in Streptomycin-Treated Mice (2020)

Current mouse models for evaluating the efficacy of live oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have important limitations. Conventionally raised adult mice are resistant to intestinal colonization by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, but germfree mice can be colonized and have been used to study OCV immunogenicity. However, germfree animals have impaired immune systems and intestinal physiology; also, live OCVs colonize germfree mice for many months, which does not mimic the clearance kinetics of live OCVs in humans. In this study, we leveraged antibiotic-treated, conventionally raised adult mice to study the effects of transient intestinal colonization by a live OCV <i>V. cholerae</i> strain. In a single-dose vaccination regimen, we found that HaitiV, a live-attenuated OCV candidate, was cleared by streptomycin-treated adult mice within 2 weeks after oral inoculation. This transient colonization elicited far stronger adaptive immune correlates of protection against cholera than did inactivated whole-cell HaitiV. Infant mice from HaitiV-vaccinated dams were also significantly more protected from choleric disease than pups from inactivated-HaitiV-vaccinated dams. Our findings establish the benefits of antibiotic-treated mice for live-OCV studies as well as their limitations and underscore the immunogenicity of HaitiV.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are being deployed to combat cholera, but current killed OCVs require multiple doses and show little efficacy in young children. Live OCVs have the potential to overcome these limitations, but small-animal models for testing OCVs have shortcomings. We used an antibiotic treatment protocol for conventional adult mice to study the effects of short-term colonization by a single dose of HaitiV, a live-OCV candidate. Vaccinated mice developed vibriocidal antibodies against <i>V. cholerae</i> and delivered pups that were resistant to cholera, whereas mice vaccinated with inactivated HaitiV did not. These findings demonstrate HaitiV's immunogenicity and suggest that this antibiotic treatment protocol will be useful for evaluating the efficacy of live OCVs.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY FOR GLYCOSYLATION WITH SIALIC ACID (2002)

Sialic acids are a class of nine-carbon monosaccharides found at the termini of oligosaccharides in many mammalian cellular systems [1]. This class is represented by the prototypical congener N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc, 1, Scheme 1). These unique sugars are ubiquitous, and they are present as components of both glycolipids and glycoproteins. Some examples of sialic acid containing oligosaccharides are shown in Scheme 2. Sialic acids are found in variety of glycosidic linkages, some more common of which are α-2,3or α-2,6-linkages to galactose residues. Additionally, they frequently exist as α-2,8-linked oligomers or polymers. The lack of efficient technology to accomplish glycosylations with sialic acid is one of the long-standing deficiencies in carbohydrate chemistry [2]. Owing to the central role of sialic acids in carbohydrate recognition events, the development of high-yielding and operable methods to synthesize sialic acid glycosides has been the subject of considerable research. The development of such methods allows the construction of complex sialic acid containing glycoconjugates for the investigation of their roles in biochemical and cellular processes. Most classical methods for synthesizing sialic acid glycosides are based on the reaction of an activated sialic acid such as 2 with an oligosaccharide glycosyl acceptor bearing a hydroxyl group nucleophile (Scheme 3) [2]. The leaving group is typically a halogen, such as a chloride or bromide, and the activator is typically a heavy metal salt [3,4]. A regioselective union of the two reacting partners of course relies on appropriate protecting group patterns for both the glycosyl donor and acceptor components. Many of the early methods are generally plagued with side reactions, low yields, and poor stereoselectivity. There are several reasons for
Platelet and Shear Stress Interactions Within Asymmetric Stenotic Arteries (2007)

Under normal physiological conditions platelets circulate in the plasma of blood and respond to vessel injury by changing shape, secreting granule contents and aggregating [1]. The activation of platelets in diseased or occluded arteries can form thrombosis causing a heart attack or stroke [2]. Shear stress activation has been suggested as an important contributor to increased platelet activation and adhesion seen in regions of stenosis.
Human Kidney Cell Reprogramming (2013)

The ability to reprogram fully differentiated cells into a pluripotent embryonic state, termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), has been met with great excitement. iPSC technology has advanced the fundamental study of disease modeling with the potential for cell-replacement therapy, especially in the neuronal and cardiac fields. However, renal medicine as of yet has not benefited from similar advancements. This review summarizes the unique characteristics of iPSCs and their potential applications for modeling kidney disease. Pioneering such endeavors could yield constructs that recapitulate disease phenotypes, open avenues for more targeted drug development, and potentially serve as replenishable sources for replacement of kidney cells in the setting of human disease.
Efficiency optimization for an electron-beam-pumped high-power ArF excimer laser (1984)

The shortest wavelength (193 nm) of the ArF rare-gas halide laser has been used for microelectronics and photochemistry applications. The ArF laser holds the potential of being a high-power high-efficiency laser. According to recent results on the wavelength dependence of the laser beam absorption by a fuel pellet in laser-driven fusion experiments, the shorter-wavelength lasers were found to be absorbed more efficiently. Therefore, the 193-nm ArF lasers may become more efficient drivers than the 248-nm KrF laser. However, kinetics for the ArF laser has not been clarified, although kinetics for KrF and XeCl lasers is understood to a large extent. To our knowledge, not even the gain measurement of the ArF laser has yet been reported.
Interpretation of speech science measures. (1993)

There are a variety of objective measures that can aid in diagnosis, selection of goals for therapy, and measurement of progress. Much of the instrumentation that is necessary to perform these measures is available for use in microcomputers, so it is within the budgets of most clinics and school systems. Although the measures described above are objective, the clinician must be cautious in their interpretation. A number of these measures are maximum performance tests of speech. Kent, Kent, and Rosenbek (1987) note that the database on these types of measurements is inadequate. In addition, performance is highly variable and dependent on factors such as client motivation, instructions provided, and whether the client is given practice first. For this reason, the clinician must consider standard deviations as well as means when using the normative data. The preceding review is not intended to be exhaustive, nor is it intended to provide enough information for clinicians to be able to perform these measurements. The intent is to describe the potential clinical utility of the measures and to spark the interest of clinicians so they will persue the matter further. It is also not the intent of this article to encourage clinicians to stop using perceptual judgments in the clinic. Pannbacker and Middleton (1990) advocate the use of both perceptual and objective measures in assessing velopharyngeal insufficiency; however, these combined measures should be considered in the diagnosis of any speech disorder. Ultimately, it is the degree to which speech sounds deviant to a naive listener that determines whether an individual's speech is a problem.
Stability of Lycopene During Food Processing and Storage (2005)

With an increasing understanding of the health benefit of lycopene, how to preserve lycopene during food processing and storage has caused much attention. Lycopene belongs to the carotenoid family and mostly exists in nature as the all-trans form. Heat, light, oxygen, and different food matrices are factors that have an effect on lycopene isomerization and autooxidation. Lycopene may isomerize to mono- or poly-cis forms with the presence of heat or oil or during dehydration. Reisomerization takes place during storage. After oxidation, the lycopene molecule split, which causes loss of color and off-flavor. The effects of heat, oxygen, light, and the presence of oil on the stability of lycopene are uniform in much of the literature; however, controversy still exists on some details, such as the conditions causing the occurrence of isomerization, the optimal moisture, and temperature for storage.
Effect of antidepressant therapy on executive function after stroke (2007)

Antidepressant treatment fosters long-term improvement of executive function following stroke. This phenomenon is consistent with a reorganisation of neuronal networks associated with prefrontal functions based on modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission and the activity of neurotrophins.
Finite-SNR Analysis and Optimization of Decode-and-Forward Relaying Over Slow-Fading Channels (2009)

We provide analytical results on the finite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) outage performance of packet-based decode-and-forward relaying over a quasi-static fading channel, with different types of transmitter channel state information (CSI). At the relay, we consider repetition coding (RC) and parallel coding (PC). At the destination, we consider receivers based on selection combining (SC), code combining (CC), and maximum-ratio combining (MRC) (the latter only for the case of RC at the relay). Based on available CSI, we optimize the number of channel uses consumed by the source and by the relay for each packet. In doing so, we consider three different protocols that make use of different combinations of long-term CSI, 1-bit CSI, and complete CSI, respectively, at the source node. Several interesting observations emerge. For example, we show that for high SNRs, SC and CC provide the same outage probabilities when the source has perfect CSI.