gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water Metabolism in Rats Subjected to Chronic Alcohol Administration (2004)

Chronic alcohol consumption has an antidiuretic effect in rats. The percentage of total ingested fluid leaving the body as hidden water loss increases after alcohol consumption by up to 25-26% over control values.
A Recombinant Human Antibody to EphA3 with Pro-Apoptotic and Enhanced ADCC Activity Shows Selective Cytotoxicity against Myeloid Leukemia Cells and CD123-Positive Leukemic Stem Cells. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 1728 Poster Board I-754 Members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases play important roles in embryonic development but have restricted tissue distribution and activity in adult tissues. The EphA3 receptor is an oncofetal antigen expressed at high levels on the surface of several solid tumor types and certain leukemias. KaloBios is in pre-clinical development with KB004, a high-affinity recombinant human antibody, derived from a monoclonal anti-EphA3 antibody by Antibody HumaneeringTM Technology. KB004 binds EphA3 and stimulates apoptosis in primary cells from myeloid leukemia patients. The cell-surface expression of EphA3 was analyzed by flow cytometry on primary cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) [n=10], acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of various sub-types [n=29], and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) [n=7]. EphA3 surface expression was detected in at least 50% of patient samples from each of the diseases analyzed. CD123-positive leukemia stem cells (CD34+ CD38- CD123+) also displayed surface expression of EphA3 whereas normal bone marrow CD34+ stem/ progenitor cells lacked detectable EphA3. KB004 was shown to stimulate apoptosis in EphA3+ primary leukemia cells, including CD123+ leukemic stem cells with no activity in EphA3-negative specimens, including normal CD34+ bone marrow cells. Cross-linking of the antibody was not required for induction of apoptosis. KB004 also inhibited myeloid leukemia colony formation (CFU-L) from primary AML samples in methylcellulose colony assays without affecting normal hematopoietic colony formation. In addition to its direct pro-apoptotic effect, KB004 induced potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against EphA3-positive cells, mediated by CD16-expressing effector cells. CD16-dependent ADCC activity was further enhanced by expression of the antibody in CHO cells that lack a1,6 fucosyl transferase, generating afucosylated antibody with higher affinity for CD16a. The data support the development of an anti-EphA3 antibody for the treatment of hematologic malignancies in addition to solid tumors. In particular, the selective activity against leukemic stem cells supports a novel strategy for therapeutic targeting of leukemia-initiating cells that merits clinical investigation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Productivity Growth and Levels - A comparison of Formal and Informal Manufacturing in India (2018)

A comparative analysis of total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the formal and informal segments of Indian manufacturing industries is undertaken, along with an analysis of differences in the level of TFP between the two segments of these industries. The period covered for the analysis of TFP growth is 1980-81 (1980) to 2011-12 (2011), which is broken into three-sub-periods, 1980-1993, 1994-2002 and 2003-2011. The period covered for the analysis of TFP level differences is 2003-04 to 2011-12. From the analysis of TFP growth trends, it is found that the average growth rate in TFP in the informal manufacturing sector during 1980-2011 was significantly lower than that in the formal manufacturing sector (0.6% per annum as against 4.4% per annum, based on value added function framework). Both formal and informal manufacturing experienced a fall in the rate of TFP growth during 1994-2002 as compared to 1980-1993, and then achieved a marked acceleration in TFP growth during 2003-11. The acceleration in TFP growth in aggregate formal manufacturing in India in the period since 2003 is contributed mainly by improved TFP growth performance of Coke and refined petroleum products industry with additional contributions made by Food, beverages and tobacco products, Chemicals and chemical products, and Textiles and leather products. In the case of informal manufacturing, the acceleration in TFP growth after 2003 is mainly traceable to the improved TFP growth performance of Textiles and leather products industry with additional contributions made by Wood and wood products, Food, beverages and tobacco products, and Chemicals and chemical products. The comparison of the level of TFP between the formal and informal segments of Indian manufacturing industries for the period 2003-2011 brings out that it is substantially lower in informal manufacturing than formal manufacturing.
Binding Affinity, Specificity and Comparative Biodistribution of the Parental Murine Monoclonal Antibody MX35 (Anti-NaPi2b) and Its Humanized Version Rebmab200 (2015)

The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate the characteristics of the monoclonal antibody Rebmab200, which is a humanized version of the ovarian-specific murine antibody MX35. This investigation contributes to the foundation for future clinical α-radioimmunotherapy of minimal residual ovarian cancer with 211At-Rebmab200. Here, the biodistribution of 211At-Rebmab200 was evaluated, as was the utility of 99mTc-Rebmab200 for bioimaging. Rebmab200 was directly compared with its murine counterpart MX35 in terms of its in-vitro capacity for binding the immobilized NaPi2B epitope and live cells; we also assessed its biodistribution in nude mice carrying subcutaneous OVCAR-3 tumors. Tumor antigen and cell binding were similar between Rebmab200 and murine MX35, as was biodistribution, including normal tissue uptake and in-vivo tumor binding. We also demonstrated that 99mTc-Rebmab200 can be used for single-photon emission computed tomography of subcutaneous ovarian carcinomas in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our data support the further development of Rebmab200 for radioimmunotherapy and diagnostics.
N-Type, Ion-Implanted Silicon Solar Cells and Modules (2011)

Ion-implanted, screen-printed, high-efficiency, stable, n-base silicon solar cells fabricated from readily available 156-mm pseudosquare Czochralski wafers are described, along with prototype modules assembled from such cells. Two approaches are presented. The first approach, which involves a single phosphorus implant, has been used to produce cells (239 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) having a tight distribution of J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> , and fill factor over a wide range of wafer resistivity (factor of 10), with Fraunhofer-certified efficiencies up to 18.5%. In spite of the full screen-printed and alloyed Al back, a method has been developed to solder such cells in a module. The second approach, which involves implanting both phosphorus for back-surface field (BSF) and boron for front emitter, has been used to produce n-base cells having local back contacts and dielectric (SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) surface passivation. Efficiencies up to 19.1%, certified by Fraunhofer, have been realized on 239-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cells. A method is also presented to express recombination activity in the cell base as a component of total reverse saturation current density. This allows recombination activity in all three regions of the cell (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> region and its surface, n-base, and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> region and its surface) to be compared as components of the total cell J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> to aid in maximizing V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> .
Trans-ethnic predicted expression genome-wide association analysis identifies a gene for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (2017)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 90 susceptibility loci for breast cancer, but the underlying biology of those associations needs to be further elucidated. More genetic factors for breast cancer are yet to be identified but sample size constraints preclude the identification of individual genetic variants with weak effects using traditional GWAS methods. To address this challenge, we utilized a gene-level expression-based method, implemented in the MetaXcan software, to predict gene expression levels for 11,536 genes using expression quantitative trait loci and examine the genetically-predicted expression of specific genes for association with overall breast cancer risk and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer risk. Using GWAS datasets from a Challenge launched by National Cancer Institute, we identified TP53INP2 (tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2) at 20q11.22 to be significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer (Z = -5.013, p = 5.35×10-7, Bonferroni threshold = 4.33×10-6). The association was consistent across four GWAS datasets, representing European, African and Asian ancestry populations. There are 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included in the prediction of TP53INP2 expression and five of them were associated with estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer, although none of the SNP-level associations reached genome-wide significance. We conducted a replication study using a dataset outside of the Challenge, and found the association between TP53INP2 and ER-negative breast cancer was significant (p = 5.07x10-3). Expression of HP (16q22.2) showed a suggestive association with ER-negative breast cancer in the discovery phase (Z = 4.30, p = 1.70x10-5) although the association was not significant after Bonferroni adjustment. Of the 249 genes that are 250 kb within known breast cancer susceptibility loci identified from previous GWAS, 20 genes (8.0%) were statistically significant associated with ER-negative breast cancer (p<0.05), compared to 582 (5.2%) of 11,287 genes that are not close to previous GWAS loci. This study demonstrated that expression-based gene mapping is a promising approach for identifying cancer susceptibility genes.
Improved pre-combining group multiuser detection in bpsk-modulated systems with multiple receive antennas (2004)

In this paper, we propose an improved pre-combining group detection in the presence of improper multi-access interference (MAI). We consider a transmission of K BPSK signals over M diversity channels in rich scattering environments. The different received signals are grouped at the receiver, and detected jointly in groups using maximum likelihood (ML) detection. The novelty of the proposed scheme consists in the proper use of the information contained in the MAI statistical properties. We show that the proposed receiver achieves higher diversity order gains than conventional group detectors. For example, a gain of the order of |G~|/2 is obtained for the group G compared with the conventional receiver, where |G~| is the interferers number. Particularly, when the group size is one, the proposed receiver is equivalent to a decorrelator that can null out (K-1) interferers while providing a diversity order of (M- (K-1/2) for each signal. Exact pairwise-error probability along with bounds for the bit-error rate are derived for each group. Numerical results will also show that optimum performance is closely approached when the proposed architecture is used.
Peptides related to the N-terminus of pro-opiomelanocortin in the human adrenal medulla. (1989)

The immunoreactive (IR) human N-terminal (hNT) of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) was measured by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) and characterized by molecular sieving chromatography, concanavalin A-affinity chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IR hNT levels were 380 +/- 144 ng/g wet wt (mean +/- SD) in the adrenal medulla (N:6), 21.6 +/- 6 ng/g wet wt in the adrenal cortex (N:6), and 45.6% ng/g wet wt in pheochromocytoma tissues (N:3). The IR hNT content of the adrenal medulla was found to be at least twice as high as that of the IR ACTH on a molar basis. Molecular sieving chromatography of IR hNT and IR gamma-3-melanotropin (MSH) showed two major molecular forms (apparent molecular weights of 14 and 12 kilodalton). These major forms were also separable using reversed-phase HPLC. In addition, a part of the IR ACTH material from the adrenal medulla extracts was eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 12 kilodalton. This latter form of IR ACTH was also separated from authentic human ACTH (1-39) by HPLC. Results obtained from concanavalin A-agarose chromatography suggest that one part of the IR gamma-3-MSH material from the adrenal medulla might be non-glycosylated. These results indicate the presence of IR hNT and IR gamma-3-MSH-like material in the human adrenal and also suggest a different processing pathway for POMC from that in the pituitary gland.
Foreword (Sep. 1982 Transactions) (1982)

New Systems continue to require microwave filters with ever more stringent passband and stopband control, smaller size, and lighter weight. Today's communications satellites, as an example, demand the tightest possible packing of channels in specific total bands. This requirement has stimulated especially sophisticated advances in insertion-loss and group-delay performance, more practical and compact configurations, and more versatile and useful theoretical design theory for bandpass two-ports and multiplexer.
Product-Oriented System-in-Package (SiP) Technology for Next Generation Wireless/Portable Electronics (2006)

Demands for the advancement of electronic packaging technology are relentless, from pursuing smaller package size with greater functionality to lowering the package cost. Notwithstanding, compared with "all-in-one" system-on-chip (SOC) technology, system-in-package (SiP) obviously demonstrates its own distinctive advantages where functions per unit area and costs are both reasonably justified, not to mention the favorable shorter development cycle time by using commercial off-the-shelf components. The objective of this study is manifold: as one of the most emerging packaging solutions with extensive market demands in recent years, system-in-package (SiP) possesses a number of advantages over conventional packaging approaches and therefore it is appealing to have further discussions on, accompanied with the overview on the SiP trends and applications. Besides, in order to develop timely products to response to this ever-changing consumer electronics market, this work illustrates the true needs to have good co-ordinations amongst various natures of industries, including integrated device manufacturers (IDM), semiconductor assembly and test subcontractors (SAT subcons), substrate suppliers and board assembly. Afterwards, we put forward explanations for the needs to have a centre with integrated package design, analysis and characterization capabilities to assist the industries to adopt SiP technology. Examples like advanced substrate designs, high-frequency electrical design/simulation for wireless applications and high-performance thermo-mechanical analysis for complicated geometry of advanced package are also included in this study. Basically, resources (human resources and infrastructure) and latest technical information are indispensable for timely and cost-effective SiP solutions, contributing to design for manufacturability and reliability. Discussions on modeling & simulations and design for manufacturability are also included
Peripheral deiodinase activity: A potential explanation for the association between maternal weight and gestational hyperglycemia (2017)

These relationships may be explained by higher maternal weight inducing peripheral deiodinase activity, resulting in higher plasma glucose (via triiodothyronine stimulation) and thereby increasing gestational diabetes mellitus risk.
The Synthesis of Bromo and Iodo Trifunctionalized Tribenzosilatranes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Time gated x-ray imaging using an ultrashort pulse, laser produced plasma x-ray source (1994)

The development of high peak power, ultrashort pulse duration Ti:sapphire laser systems 1 - 2 has led to the generation of hard, incoherent x-rays from laser-produced-plasmas (LPP). 3 In these experiments x-rays with energies as high as 1.5 MeV were produced. Also generated were copious amounts of diagnostic x-rays (20 keV to 150 keV). This fact suggests that ultrashort-pulse-pumped, LPP x-ray sources may have uses in medical imaging applications. In particular, there are two distinct differences between the LPP x-ray source and conventional x-ray sources, namely source duration and source size. The duration of the LPP source is believed to be &lt;1 ps or nearly 6 orders of magnitude shorter than conventional x-ray sources. Because of this, it becomes possible to consider time gated imaging arrangements which require greatly reduced x-ray exposures to create the same quality image of a patient. The source size of the LPP x-ray source may be as much as 100 times smaller than conventional devices and thus may allow imaging of much smaller features than previously possible.
The Entomopoxviruses (2017)

The majority of entomopoxviruses (EPV) isolates come from insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. This chapter gives an overview of the structural characteristics, biochemical properties, and replication of EPVs. Negatively stained virions exhibit an outer membrane that has been repeatedly folded to give a mulberrylike surface probably similar to the M form of poxviruses of vertebrates. The chapter speculates that the unique polypeptides might have been the result of selective transcription of the viral DNA regulated by conditions within the host. Orthoptera, and vaccinia virus, extensive homology was observed between the lepidopteran viruses AmEPV and EaEPV, whereas another lepidopteran virus from Oncopera albogutatta showed no hybridization with the first two. In contrast to other EPVs, where the cytoplasm is the site of virus replication, Melanoplus sanguinipes was present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. As in the case of poxviruses of vertebrates, several enzymatic activities found in the entomopox virion are listed in the chapter.
Hypernetworks for Zero-Shot Transfer in Reinforcement Learning (2023)

In this paper, hypernetworks are trained to generate behaviors across a range of unseen task conditions, via a novel TD-based training objective and data from a set of near-optimal RL solutions for training tasks. This work relates to meta RL, contextual RL, and transfer learning, with a particular focus on zero-shot performance at test time, enabled by knowledge of the task parameters (also known as context). Our technical approach is based upon viewing each RL algorithm as a mapping from the MDP specifics to the near-optimal value function and policy and seek to approximate it with a hypernetwork that can generate near-optimal value functions and policies, given the parameters of the MDP. We show that, under certain conditions, this mapping can be considered as a supervised learning problem. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of our method for zero-shot transfer to new reward and transition dynamics on a series of continuous control tasks from DeepMind Control Suite. Our method demonstrates significant improvements over baselines from multitask and meta RL approaches.
Phase II Trial of Temozolomide Plus O6-Benzylguanine in Adults With Recurrent, Temozolomide-Resistant Malignant Glioma (2009)

O(6)-BG when added to a 1-day dosing regimen of temozolomide was able to restore temozolomide sensitivity in patients with temozolomide-resistant anaplastic glioma, but there seemed to be no significant restoration of temozolomide sensitivity in patients with temozolomide-resistant GBM.
Kinetics of Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Furfuryl Alcohol to Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol over a Ru/TiO2 Catalyst (2007)

The kinetics of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to a green solventtetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA)over a 5% Ru/TiO2 catalyst was studied in a slurry reactor. Hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol was carried out at a hydrogen pressure of 0.68−4.08 MPa and temperature in the range 313−363 K. The selectivity toward THFA was >97% at and below 333 K reaction temperature. Various Ru supported catalysts and solvents were screened during hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol. Among the catalysts tested, 5% Ru/TiO2 was found to be the more active catalyst for the hydrogenation of FA using 2-propanol as a solvent. The kinetic data were analyzed using the power-law model. A single-site Langmuir−Hinshelwood-type model suggesting molecular adsorption (nondissociative) of hydrogen and surface reaction as the rate-controlling mechanism with the product inhibition step provided the best fit of the experimental data. Catalyst could be recycled with good selectivity.
Co-Occurrence of Binge Eating Disorder With Psychiatric and Medical Disorders (2008)

BED and, to a lesser degree, subthreshold BED exhibit substantial lifetime co-occurrence with psychiatric and medical disorders.
Organocatalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Cyclopropenones and β-Ketoesters: An Approach to Substituted Butenolides with a Quaternary Center (2017)

An unprecedented organocatalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of cyclopropenones and β-ketoesters has been developed. This reaction provides a direct approach to highly substituted butenolides with a quaternary center in moderate to good yields. The preliminary mechanism study verified that the enol intermediate is crucial to the reaction outcome and the intermolecular esterification and intramolecular Michael addition process were involved.