gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy of Hawaiian Arch sediments (1993)

The mineralogy of both bulk- and clay-sized (&lt;2 µm) fractions of sediments from Holes 842A and 842B of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 136 was determined by X-ray diffraction. The sediments consist of a combination of terrigenous (quartz, plagioclase, smectite, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite), volcaniclastic (augite, plagioclase, and volcanic glass), and diagenetic minerals (smectite, phillipsite, clinoptilolite, and opal-CT). Although biogenic silica (radiolarians and diatoms) is common in near-seafloor (&lt;10 mbsf) sediments, biogenic calcite is rare. Variations with depth in abundances of the terrigenous minerals reflect temporal changes in the flux of eolian material to the site.Volcanogenic material derived from the Hawaiian Islands is present in lithologic Unit 1 (0-19.9 meters below seafloor) both as discrete layers and as finely disseminated silt- and clay-sized material. Volcanic glass is present only in the upper 10 m of the sediment column. In Unit 2 (19.9-35.7 mbsf), increased smectite and zeolite abundances with depth as well as indurated, zeolite-rich layers are thought to be the alteration products of volcanogenic material. The source of this older (late Oligocene to middle Miocene) volcanogenic detritus may be continental volcanism.Microfabrics imaged using back-scattered electron imaging reflect the effects of compaction and diagenesis on sediment porosity and matrix structure. As porosity decreases during burial, the matrix changes from an open, floc-like fabric, to an interlocking network of clay mineral domains, and finally to a dense intergrowth of clay minerals and zeolites. Despite the substantial changes in sediment microfabric and mineralogy, correlations between physical and acoustic properties and mineralogy are weak or absent. The sediment has maintained high porosity (&gt;70%), and water content appears to dominate the sediment's physical character and acoustic response.
Analogues of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) as potential anti-platelet-aggregation agents. (1992)

Dense granules of platelets contain a high content of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A). We have previously demonstrated an antithrombotic effect of this compound in a live rabbit model. In the present study we find that certain synthetic Ap4A analogues are superior to Ap4A in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. Analogues having a P--C--P bridge located in the P2,P3 position of Ap4A are the most potent inhibitors. These analogues are also resistant to hydrolytic enzymes. Analogues having the above characteristics exhibit competitive inhibition with ADP in the ADP-induced platelet aggregation reaction. These compounds, such as AppCHFppA, may be useful as antithrombotic agents. The analogues ApSppSpA and ApSpCHFpSpA also showed good inhibitory effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, this action of Ap4A and its analogues provides an example of a dinucleotide inducing an antagonistic effect by occupying an extracellular mononucleotide binding site on platelets. It calls attention to the possibility that Ap4A and its analogues may act in a similar way in whole organisms, triggering effector or inhibitory responses in any one of a variety of cells.
An Effective Mapping Scheme for Visible Light Communication With Smartphone Camera (2020)

In this paper, an effective mapping scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for visible light communication (VLC) based on light emitting diode (LED) and smartphone camera. At the transmitter, parking information is mapped to a number of bits using the proposed mapping scheme. Based on the parking information, the parking position can be achieved quickly, and the extra processing time is not required for data reception. In addition, the BER performance of the proposed mapping scheme under different distances and speeds are investigated. Experimental results show that optimum receiving distance range is from 0.5 to 1.0 m when exposure time is 1/12800s and international standard organization (ISO) is 160. Moreover, the bit error rate (BER) performance is not affected by low velocity range of 0.5-0.9 m/s under same conditions. And the transmission time of data takes only 1/15s using the proposed scheme, which is much less than that of traditional picture. As the picture resolution is 360×180, its transmission of data is 225 times more than that of using the proposed scheme.
Electrophysiological basis of human Fallopian tubal fluid formation (1997)

A preparation for the maintenance of human Fallopian tubal epithelial cells as a polarized layer in primary culture was used to study the electrophysiological basis of tubal fluid formation in terms of the movement of Na+, K+ and Cl- ions. Transepithelial potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (Iscc) were recorded by mounting the epithelial cells in a modified Ussing chamber. Resistance (R) was calculated from the measurements of PD and Iscc. The epithelia, although confluent, formed a 'leaky' electrical system and resistances greater than 300 omega cm-2 were rarely achieved. The sodium channel blocker, amiloride (100 mumol l-1), produced only small effects on PD and Iscc. The potassium channel blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) (25 mmol l-1), also produced small, but significant changes in PD, Iscc and R while the chloride channel blocker, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) (1 mmol l-1), induced a marked increase in PD and Iscc, and a fall in R, when added to the basal surface of the cells. Bathing the apical surface of the cells with chloride-free medium also produced a marked increase in PD, Iscc and R: bathing the basal surface of the cells with chloride-free medium produced a marked decrease in PD and Iscc. Extracellular ATP (10 mumol l-1), added to either the apical or the basal surface of the cells, induced a transient increase in PD and Iscc and a decrease in R. Amiloride, TEA or furosemide had no effect on the response of the cells to ATP. SITS, applied to the apical surface, significantly reduced the response of the cells to ATP. We conclude that the major driving force for human tubal fluid formation is the transepithelial secretion of chloride ions into the oviduct lumen and that exogenous ATP is a potential modulator of secretion.
Imaging directed photothermolysis through two‐photon absorption demonstrated on mouse skin – a potential novel tool for highly targeted skin treatment (2013)

One-photon absorption based traditional laser treatment may not necessarily be selective at the microscopic level, thus could result in un-intended tissue damage. Our objective is to test whether two-photon absorption (TPA) could provide highly targeted tissue alteration of specific region of interest without damaging surrounding tissues. TPA based laser treatments (785 nm, 140 fs pulse width, 90 MHz) were performed on ex vivo mouse skin using different average power levels and irradiation times. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and combined second-harmonic-generation (SHG) and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging channels were used to image before, during, and after each laser treatment. The skin was fixed, sectioned and H & E stained after each experiment for histological assessment of tissue alterations and for comparison with the non-invasive imaging assessments. Localized destruction of dermal fibers was observed without discernible epidermal damage on both RCM and SHG + TPF images for all the experiments. RCM and SHG + TPF images correlated well with conventional histological examination. This work demonstrated that TPA-based light treatment provides highly localized intradermal tissue alteration. With further studies on optimizing laser treatment parameters, this two-photon absorption photothermolysis method could potentially be applied in clinical dermatology.
Hormones and Their Interaction with the Pain Experience (2008)

Sex differences in the prevalence of painful conditions appear after pubertyVariation in symptom severity across the menstrual cycle occurs in a number of clinical pain conditionsSex steroid hormones act at a number of sites in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and in both reproductive and non-reproductive tissuesSex steroid hormones have traditionally been thought to alter transcription; however, there is evidence that there are also non-genomic effectsSex steroid hormones can have organisational effects from as early as in uteroThe relationship between sex hormones and pain is complex.
Thioredoxin Modulates Protein Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4)-Catalyzed Citrullination (2019)

Protein citrullination is a post-translational modification catalyzed by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs). This modification plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune disorders including RA. Recently, there has been a growing interest in investigating physiological regulators of PAD activity to understand the primary cause of the associated disorders. Apart from calcium, it is well-documented that a reducing environment activates the PADs. Although the concentration of thioredoxin (hTRX), an oxidoreductase that maintains the cellular reducing environment, is elevated in RA patients, its contribution toward RA progression or PAD activity has not been explored. Herein, we demonstrate that hTRX activates PAD4. Kinetic characterization of PAD4 using hTRX as the reducing agent yielded parameters that are comparable to those obtained with a routinely used non-physiological reducing agent, e.g., DTT, suggesting the importance of hTRX in PAD regulation under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we show that various hTRX mutants, including redox inactive hTRX variants, are capable of activating PAD4. This indicates a mechanism that does not require oxidoreductase activity. Indeed, we observed non-covalent interactions between PAD4 and hTRX variants, and propose that these redox-independent interactions are sufficient for hTRX-mediated PAD4 activation.
Full-waveform inversion of GPR data in frequency-domain (2012)

A new full-waveform inversion scheme is developed to obtain high-resolution images of cross-hole ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. The inversion is formulated as a non-linear least squares problem which minimizes errors between synthetic and observed data. The full-waveform modeling is implemented in frequency domain using the finite-difference (FDFD) solution of Maxwell equation. Here, we are using an iterative gradient method (Gauss-Newton) where the gradient is determined by using the forward vector wavefield and the backward-propagated vectorial residual wavefield. The algorithm inverts sequentially from low to high frequencies and permittivity and conductivity distributions can be obtained simultaneously. Preliminary inversion results of a synthetic example for a homogeneous background model with embedded high contrast parameters anomalies show that the permittivity result is comparable with time domain full-waveform inversion that uses an expanding bandwidth for increasing iterations.
Cross-Calibration of GE Healthcare Lunar Prodigy and iDXA Dual-Energy X-Ray Densitometers for Bone Mineral Measurements (2016)

In long-term prospective studies, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices need to be inevitably changed. It is essential to assess whether systematic differences will exist between measurements with the new and old device. A group of female volunteers (21-72 years) underwent anteroposterior lumbar spine L2-L4 (n = 72), proximal femur (n = 72), and total body (n = 62) measurements with the Prodigy and the iDXA scanners at the same visit. The bone mineral density (BMD) measurements with these two scanners showed a high linear association at all tested sites (r = 0.962-0.995; p < 0.0001). The average iDXA BMD values were 1.5%, 0.5%, and 0.9% higher than those of Prodigy for lumbar spine (L2-L4) (p < 0.0001), femoral neck (p = 0.048), and total hip (p < 0.0001), respectively. Total body BMD values measured with the iDXA were -1.3% lower (p < 0.0001) than those measured with the Prodigy. For total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck, the BMD differences as measured with these two devices were independent of subject height and weight. Linear correction equations were developed to ensure comparability of BMD measurements obtained with both DXA scanners. Importantly, use of equations from previous studies would have increased the discrepancy between these particular DXA scanners, especially at hip and at spine.
A spectral algorithm for envelope reduction of sparse matrices (1995)

Abstract The problem of reordering a sparse symmetric matrix to reduce its envelope size is considered. A new spectral algorithm for computing an envelope‐reducing reordering is obtained by associating a Laplacian matrix with the given matrix and then sorting the components of a specified eigenvector of the Laplacian. This Laplacian eigenvector solves a continuous relaxation of a discrete problem related to envelope minimization called the minimum 2‐sum problem. The permutation vector computed by the spectral algorithm is a closest permutation vector to the specified Laplacian eigenvector. Numerical results show that the new reording algorithm usually computes smaller envelope sizes than those obtained from the current standards such as the Gibbs—Poole—Stockmeyer (GPS) algorithm or the reverse Cuthill—McKee (RCM) algorithm in SPARSPAK, in some cases reducing the envelope by more than a factor of two.
0305 Heteroskedastic extensions for genome-wide association studies (2016)

Bayesian multiple regression models based on genomic marker information are commonly used for genomic prediction and selection and are being increasingly utilized in genome-wide association (GWA) analyses to search for genomic regions associated with economical important traits in agriculture. These models jointly fit all markers, thereby circumventing the limitations of “one-marker-at-a-time” of traditional GWA inference. We have recently validated and tested extensions of genomic prediction models to account for residual heteroskedasticity, which is prevalent in livestock field data. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of not accounting for potential residual heteroskedasticity in GWA inference. Using simulated data scenarios that reflected a gradient of increasing residual heteroskedasticity, we fitted homoscedastic and heteroskedastic error versions of hierarchical Bayesian genomic prediction models assuming either normal (RR-BLUP) or heavy-tailed (BayesA) prior specifications on the effects of genomic markers. For each marker, we then constructed a posterior z-score using prediction error variance of the estimated marker effect to detect associations between genomic regions and phenotypes of interest. Under conditions of extreme heterogeneity of residual variances, heteroskedastic models showed an increase in power of up to 10% points for GWA discovery with little impact on false positive rate (i.e., change of 0 to 3% points), compared with the homoscedastic model counterparts. Further, when heteroskedasticity was high, the absolute magnitude of the estimated signal for the most prominent QTL expressed as a posterior z-score was enhanced by 20% and 34% for heteroskedastic RR-BLUP and BayesA, respectively. The inferential advantages of heteroskedastic models over homoscedastic ones were particularly apparent under a BayesA specification. A data application involving three quantitative carcass and meat quality traits from a swine resource population representing high, mild and low levels of heteroskedasticity yielded proportionally enhanced differential detection signal for the heteroskedastic models relative to the homoscedastic ones, consistent with results from the simulation study. In conclusion, accounting for residual heteroskedasticity can be expected to enhance power in the identification of important genomic regions for traits of interest.
Incidence of pocket hematoma after electrophysiological device placement: dual antiplatelet therapy versus low-molecular-weight heparin regimen. (2014)

Continuance of DAP therapy does not increase the risk of pocket hematoma formation after EPD placement.
D-Band FMCW Radar Sensor for Industrial Wideband Applications with Fully-Differential MMIC-to-RWG Interface in SIW (2021)

The paper presents a monostatic D-Band FMCW radar based on a fully integrated mono-static single-channel SiGe transceiver chip. The chip is fabricated in Infineon's BiCMOS production technology B11HFC which offers HBTs with an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f$</tex> <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> / <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f$</tex> <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> of 250/370 GHz. The MMIC's output signal is coupled by a fully-differential SIW based coupling network with a bandwidth of more than 70 GHz. The output power at the WR-6.5 antenna flange is more than −10 dBm over a bandwidth of 37.5 GHz. For a sweep within a single-loop PLL circuit from 174.5 GHz to 121.5 GHz with a ramp duration of 6 ms, a spatial resolution of 4.6 mm with a metallic plate as the target at a distance of 0.6 m is achieved. The in-loop phase noise at 10 kHz offset is better than −70 dBc/Hz in this frequency range. The radar provides a small form factor of 2×4×5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and low power consumption of 2.2 W at 5 V at a USB supply.
Networking with Secrecy Constraints (2006)

Wireless networks are susceptible to anonymous monitoring of transmissions by adversaries who can infer valuable information about data flows in the network. It is therefore necessary to design network protocols that maintain secrecy of routes from eavesdroppers. In this work, we present a mathematical formulation of route secrecy when eavesdroppers observe transmission epochs of nodes. We consider networks where the nodes use receiver directed signaling schemes and each node has a strict delay constraint for relaying packets. We propose a scheduling technique to provide complete secrecy of routes, and based on that, characterize achievable rate regions for two-hop data routes under the given constraints. Furthermore, we extend the results when an additional constraint on packet loss is imposed
Emission and Fluorescence Spectroscopy To Examine Shock-Induced Decomposition in Nitromethane (1998)

Time-resolved emission spectra were obtained from neat and ethylenediamine-sensitized nitromethane shocked to 12−17 GPa peak pressures using step wave loading. Broadband emission identified as chemiluminescence from nitrogen dioxide was observed due to reactions in both neat and amine-sensitized nitromethane. When laser light at 514 nm was present, fluorescence in addition to chemiluminescence was observed in shocked nitromethane−ethylenediamine mixtures; no such fluorescence was found in neat nitromethane. The fluorescing species are assigned to an intermediate formed in the first stage of decomposition in nitromethane−ethylenediamine mixtures. The same intermediate was detected previously using time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 2322) and was inferred to be a radical anion of nitromethane, CH3NO2•-. This interpretation is consistent with the fluorescence data reported here. Laser irradiation (∼10 MW/cm2 at 514 nm) during shock loading resulted in more intense chemiluminescence in both neat nitromethane and nitromethane−ethylenediamine mixtures. However, the effect was qualitatively different in the two cases, and the difference is attributed to different decomposition mechanisms operative initially in neat and sensitized nitromethane.
II—Self-Effacing Hobbesianism (1994)

II—Self-Effacing Hobbesianism Christopher Bertram Christopher Bertram Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 94, Issue 1, 1 June 1994, Pages 19–34, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/94.1.19 Published: 09 September 2015
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in lung transplant recipients: clinical experience at a single center. (2000)

The incidence of PTLD in a LT program with a large EBV seropositive population is low, 1.6%. The presentation of PTLD in LT recipients is variable and may present typically with allograft involvement in the first year following transplantation, or late with isolated, extrapulmonic involvement.
Inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as novel anti-infectives (2000)

Resistance to existing antibiotics has emerged as a major problem in healthcare. Novel antibiotics for which bacteria have not yet acquired resistance need to be developed to combat drug-resistant pathogens. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are leading targets for novel anti-infectives. The validation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as drug targets for anti-infectives has been established in an animal system. Using several conceptually distinct approaches, new inhibitors of synthetases have been developed as drug prototypes.
Characterization of Stanniocalcin 2, a Novel Target of the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response with Cytoprotective Properties (2004)

Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces a highly conserved homeostatic response in all eukaryotic cells, termed the unfolded-protein response (UPR). Here we describe the characterization of stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a mammalian homologue of a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone first identified in fish, as a novel target of the UPR. Expression of STC2 gene is rapidly upregulated in cultured cells after exposure to tunicamycin and thapsigargin, by ATF4 after activation of the ER-resident kinase PERK. In addition, STC2 expression is also activated in neuronal cells by oxidative stress and hypoxia but not by several cellular stresses unrelated to the UPR. In contrast, expression of another homologue, STC1, is only upregulated by hypoxia independent of PERK or ATF4 expression. In vivo studies revealed that rat cortical neurons rapidly upregulate STC2 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Finally, siRNA-mediated inhibition of STC2 expression renders N2a neuroblastoma cells and HeLa cells significantly more vulnerable to apoptotic cell death after treatment with thapsigargin, and overexpression of STC2 attenuated thapsigargin-induced cell death. Consequently, induced STC2 expression is an essential feature of survival component of the UPR.
Heteropolydeoxynucleotides Synthesized with Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (1969)

The nature and relative amounts of the pyrimidine nucleotide sequences which occur in heteropolydeoxynucleotides synthesized with terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase have been determined for the limited class of products containing a single pyrimidine moiety and one or more purine types by the use of acid degradation followed by ion exchange chromatography. The results offer further proof that, in these products, the synthetic reaction is a true copolymerization and that no recognizable order in the sequences is present. The lengths and frequencies of sequences of repeated pyrimidine nucleotide residues in the various copolymers appear to be influenced by the identity of the purine nucleoside triphosphates present during the copolymerization, as well as to the stoichiometry of the reaction mixture.