gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Causal Analysis of Observed Declines in Managed Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) (2013)

The European honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) is a highly valuable, semi-free-ranging managed agricultural species. While the number of managed hives has been increasing, declines in overwinter survival, and the onset of colony collapse disorder in 2006, precipitated a large amount of research on bees' health in an effort to isolate the causative factors. A workshop was convened during which bee experts were introduced to a formal causal analysis approach to compare 39 candidate causes against specified criteria to evaluate their relationship to the reduced overwinter survivability observed since 2006 of commercial bees used in the California almond industry. Candidate causes were categorized as probable, possible, or unlikely; several candidate causes were categorized as indeterminate due to lack of information. Due to time limitations, a full causal analysis was not completed at the workshop. In this article, examples are provided to illustrate the process and provide preliminary findings, using three candidate causes. <i>Varroa</i> mites plus viruses were judged to be a "probable cause" of the reduced survival, while nutrient deficiency was judged to be a "possible cause." Neonicotinoid pesticides were judged to be "unlikely" as the sole cause of this reduced survival, although they could possibly be a contributing factor.
An automated framework for understanding structural variations in the binding grooves of MHC class II molecules (2010)

The systematic framework for understanding structural variations in MHC class II molecules enables large scale comparison of binding grooves and sub-pockets, which is likely to have direct implications towards predicting epitopes and understanding peptide binding preferences.
CX3CR1-dependent renal macrophage survival promotes Candida control and host survival (2013)

Systemic Candida albicans infection causes high morbidity and mortality and is associated with neutropenia; however, the roles of other innate immune cells in pathogenesis are poorly defined. Here, using a mouse model of systemic candidiasis, we found that resident macrophages accumulated in the kidney, the main target organ of infection, and formed direct contacts with the fungus in vivo mainly within the first few hours after infection. Macrophage accumulation and contact with Candida were both markedly reduced in mice lacking chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which was found almost exclusively on resident macrophages in uninfected kidneys. Infected Cx3cr1-/- mice uniformly succumbed to Candida-induced renal failure, but exhibited clearance of the fungus in all other organs tested. Renal macrophage deficiency in infected Cx3cr1-/- mice was due to reduced macrophage survival, not impaired proliferation, trafficking, or differentiation. In humans, the dysfunctional CX3CR1 allele CX3CR1-M280 was associated with increased risk of systemic candidiasis. Together, these data indicate that CX3CR1-mediated renal resident macrophage survival is a critical innate mechanism of early fungal control that influences host survival in systemic candidiasis.
On Method of Moments Modelling of Realistic Antennas Radiation For Remote Sensing of Sea Ice (2021)

Methodology for modelling of electromagnetic scattering on multilayered sea ice is discussed. Description of sophisticated incident fields produced by realistic antennas situated in the near vicinity of the layered medium model requires unified approach to evaluation of the reaction integrals of the incident field with the test functions of the Method of Moments discretization as well as its matrix elements. Application of such unified approach in Method of Moments solution of dipole radiation problem in near vicinity of rough surface of the sea ice is demonstrated.
Alternative Synthesis of C60‐Diphenylaminofluorene Derivatives for Nonlinear Photonic Applications: Method of Preparation and Characterization (2007)

An alternative synthetic route for the preparation of key intermediate synthons 7‐α‐bromoacetyl‐2‐diphenylaminofluorene (α‐BrDPAF‐H) and 7‐α‐bromoacetyl‐9,9‐dialkyl‐2‐diphenylaminofluorene (α‐BrDPAF‐Cn) was demonstrated. The latter reactions involved the first step of dialkylation of 2‐bromofluorene at C9 position of the fluorene moiety, the second step of a diphenylamino group attachment at C2 position of the resulting dialkylfluorene, and the third step of Friedel‐Craft acylation of α‐bromoacetyl group at C7 position of dialkylated diphenylaminofluorene. From the intermediates α‐BrDPAF‐H and α‐BrDPAF‐Cn, a series of C60‐keto‐DPAF nanostructures, such as the fullerene monoadducts C60(>DPAF‐H) and C60(>DPAF‐Cn), where n is 2, 4, or 10, were synthesized in a reasonable yield. Molecular mass ions of the dyads C60(>DPAF‐H), C60(>DPAF‐C2), C60(>DPAF‐C4), and C60(>DPAF‐C10) were clearly detected in positive ion matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrum (MALDI–MS) that confirmed the composition mass of each compound synthesized. Keywords: C60 chromophoresdiphenylaminofluorenemonodductssynthetic synthonnonlinear optical materials 5 Acknowledgements We thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding under the contract number FA9550–05‐1–0154.
Human CD4+ T cells expressing CD45RA acquire the lymphokine gene expression of CD45RO+ T-helper cells after activation in vitro. (1992)

CD4+ T cells were separated into subpopulations according to their expression of different isoforms of the CD45R molecule, i.e. CD45RA and CD45RO. The separated cells were activated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in the presence of formalin fixed Raji cells. Each set of cells was activated twice with a 6-day interval, and the lymphokine gene expression during the first 3 days after initiation of each stimulation was followed by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. The lymphokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles were found to differ between the subsets, since after the first stimulation the CD45RA+ cells produced mRNA encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 alpha, whereas the CD45RO+ cells transcribed genes for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). After 6 days of SEA stimulation both populations were mainly CD45RO reactive, and when restimulated displayed the lymphokine mRNA profile restricted to this subset. These results indicate that the CD45RA subset is a precursor of the CD45RO and further strengthen the hypothesis that the former cell population represents naive whereas the latter subset represents memory T cells within the CD4 subset.
A Multimodal Approach to Mapping Soundscapes (2018)

We explore the problem of mapping soundscapes, that is, predicting the types of sounds that are likely to be heard at a given geographic location. Using a novel dataset, which includes geo-tagged audio and overhead imagery, we develop an approach for constructing an aural atlas, which captures the geospatial distribution of soundscapes. We build on previous work relating sound to ground-level imagery but incorporate overhead imagery to overcome the limitations of sparsely distributed geo-tagged audio. In the end, all that we require to construct an aural atlas is overhead imagery of the region of interest. We show examples of aural atlases at multiple spatial scales, from block-level to country.
Flexible Architectures for LDPC Decoders Based on Network on Chip Paradigm (2009)

This paper explores the possibility of building a flexible Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) decoder using a network on chip communication infrastructure. Even if this idea is not completely new, previously published works suffered from an excessive area occupation and their practical impact has been very limited. In the following we analyze two possible NOCs specifically designed for the LDPC case. From synthesis results it can be observed how the proposed networks outperform previous implementations in terms of active area with no significant bandwidth loss. Finally to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach a complete, partially parallel LDPC decoder design is presented and characterized in terms of throughput and area occupation.
Investigations into the Origin of Muscle Satellite Cells and the Myogenic Capacity of Limb Endothelial Cells (2011)

The direct progenitors of the principle cell type responsible for skeletal muscle growth and repair, the muscle satellite cell, has not been fully elucidated. Here we have utilized a permanent, genetic labeling system based on Cre/lox recombination, in order to permanently track the fate of likely candidate precursor cells. Candidate precursor cells that have been directly assayed include myoblasts and endothelial precursor cells. MyoD icre knockin mice were used to assay for myoblast contribution, and Tie2cre mice were used to assay for endothelial cell precursor contribution. We show that limb, body wall, diaphragm and extra-ocular muscle satellite cells are derived from a population of MyoD positive myoblasts. There is no contribution from endothelial cell precursors. Additionally, by utilizing MyoD-null animals we find that satellite cells are derived solely from a MyoD expressing population of myoblasts.^ While the satellite cell remains the preeminent cell type responsible for muscle repair, alternative cell types have been described. By the use of Cre/lox lineage tracing, we identify a subpopulation of endothelial cells that have historically expressed MyoD. Upon isolation, this endothelial cell subpopulation is Pax7, and MyoD negative, while it is positive for CD31 and VE-Cadherin. ^ Isolation of these cells by FAGS reveals that this population is myogenic in cell culture, and progressively shuts down the expression of endothelial cell markers while the expression of myogenic markers turn on. Direct comparison in proliferation conditions in vitro of the myogenic endothelial cell population to FACS isolated satellite cells reveals a time delay in myogenic fusion within the former. However, when both populations are placed in differentiation medium, at equal densities, the disparity in fusion is greatly reduced. The identification of a myogenic endothelial cell population, that has historically expressed MyoD, allows for future investigations into these cells' ability for in vivo muscle repair. ^
Size and Surface Effects on the MRI Relaxivity of Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticle Contrast Agents (2007)

Superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanocrystals of different sizes were synthesized in high-boiling ether solvent and transferred into water using three different approaches. First, we applied a ligand exchange in order to form a water soluble polymer shell. Second, the particles were embedded into an amphiphilic polymer shell. Third, the nanoparticles were embedded into large micelles formed by lipids. Although all approaches lead to effective negative contrast enhancement, we observed significant differences concerning the magnitude of this effect. The transverse relaxivity, in particular r2*, is greatly higher for the micellar system compared to the polymer-coated particles using same-sized nanoparticles. We also observed an increase in transverse relaxivities with increasing particle size for the polymer-coated nanocrystals. The results are qualitatively compared with theoretical models describing the dependence of relaxivity on the size of magnetic spheres.
The Development of a Standard Method for Assessing Wear of Explanted Metal-on-Metal Hip Joints (2013)

The concerns surrounding the current generation of metal-on-metal (MoM) hips and the regulatory requirements regarding the reporting of revised MoM components highlight the need for a standardised method for measuring the wear of explanted MoM hip components. This paper reviews the published measurement and analysis protocols used in studies of explanted MoM hips. Because of differences in the measurement and analysis techniques, it is not reliable to directly compare measurements between studies. This paper considers the requirements for a standardised measurement protocol and forms the rationale for a proposed international standard.
Development of a novel self-centering buckling-restrained brace with BFRP composite tendons (2014)

Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) have excellent hysteretic behavior while buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are susceptible to residual lateral deformations. To address this drawback, a novel self-centering (SC) BRB with Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite tendons is presented in this work. The configuration and mechanics of proposed BFRP-SC-BRBs are first discussed. Then an 1840-mm-long BFRP-SC-BRB specimen is fabricated and tested to verify its hysteric and self-centering performance. The tested specimen has an expected flag-shaped hysteresis character, showing a distinct self-centering tendency. During the test, the residual deformation of the specimen is only about 0.6 mm. The gap between anchorage plates and welding ends of bracing tubes performs as expected with the maximum opening value 6 mm when brace is in compression. The OpenSEES software is employed to conduct numerical analysis. Experiment results are used to validate the modeling methodology. Then the proposed numerical model is used to evaluate the influence of initial prestress, tendon diameter and core plate thickness on the performance of BFRP-SC-BRBs. Results show that both the increase of initial prestress and tendon diameters can obviously improve the self-centering effect of BFRP-SC-BRBs. With the increase of core plate thickness, the energy dissipation is improved while the residual deformation is generated when the core plate strength exceeds initial prestress force.
RMDS: Relevance-based messages dissemination scheme for 802.11p VANETs (2014)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) leverage communication equipment and infrastructure to improve road safety. These networks, by the rapid change of their topology and their broadcasting dissemination nature, can experience mainly two major problems; (1) the broadcasting storm and (2) network disconnection. In this paper, we focus on safety-related messages and propose a new approach to avoid the broadcasting storm and under various network load. Our scheme, called RMDS, is based on two main concepts; the critical distance and the distance of relevance. It combines an asymmetric power-range adjustment and message frequency tuning aiming to reduce network load. It integrates a new approach to prioritize locally generated messages over relayed ones according to the distance from the event originator. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and its network performance under various traffic constraints.
Operationen im Frequenzbereich (2004)

Im Rahmen der digitalen Bildverarbeitung werden Operationen im Frequenzbereich häufig eingesetzt. Vor allem die Fouriertransformation wird zur digitalen Filterung verwendet. Mit den Methoden der digitalen Filterung wird versucht, Grauwertstörungen im Bild zu eliminieren. Diese Grauwertstörungen können z.B. durch systematische Fehler bei der Aufzeichnung oder der Digitalisierung des Bildes verursacht werden. Ein anderes Anwendungsgebiet der Fouriertransformation und der Cosinustransformation ist die Bildcodierung. Hier wird z.B. untersucht, ob ein digitalisiertes Bild weniger Bandbreite bei der Übertragung benötigt, wenn man es anstatt der Grauwerte im Ortsbereich anhand der Transformationskoeffizienten (den Linearfaktoren der Fourier- oder Cosinustransformation) im Ortsfrequenzbereich beschreibt. Schließlich wird die Fouriertransformation auch bei der Charakterisierung von Oberflächenstrukturen oder der Beschreibung der Form eines Objektes verwendet.
3’ Terminal Processing of Precursor tRNA Transcribed From a Drosophila Melanogaster Histidine Gene in a Cell-Free System (1987)

Transfer RNA biosynthesis is a complex process which includes trimmings at the 5' and 3' termini and nucleotide modification of the initial tRNA precursor. This research involves the detention and isolation of a 3' endonucleolytic activity from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. tRNA precursors are obtained from a cell-free transcription system using (i) a Drosophila tRNA-histidine gene which contains a 35 base pair trailer sequence at its 3' terminus and (ii) a crude yeast enzyme extract which can faithfully transcribe the gene and process the precursor transcripts. Transcription products are separated by means of polyacryfamide gel electrophoresis visualized by autoradiography, and eluted from the gel. The tRNA precursors are then incubated with a Sc. pombe extract, electrophoresed and autoradiographed. The intact 35 base pair trailer sequence will serve as an indicator of the presence of the 3' endonuclease.
Prevalence and Correlates of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2003)

Atherosclerosis occurs prematurely in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is independent of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The clinical profile of patients with lupus and atherosclerosis suggests a role for disease-related factors in atherogenesis and underscores the need for trials of more focused and effective antiinflammatory therapy.
77-GHz Automotive Radar Sensor System With Antenna Integrated Package (2014)

In this paper, a 3-D integrated 77-GHz automotive radar front-end is presented. Embedded wafer level packaging (EMWLP) technology is proposed to eliminate the use of wire bonding, which not only introduces significant radio frequency loss, but also occupies large footprint for high-pin count die. The transceiver bare die is embedded in a reconfigured molded wafer with compression molding process. Double-sided multiple redistribution layers are formed to fan-out the transceiver input/output signals and through mold via is employed to realize the vertical interconnection. With these promising features, the EMWLP technology can be extended to a 3-D integration. A substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna is integrated on top of the EMWLP module and a lens is used to enhance the antenna directivity. The performance of the fully integrated radar front-end is tested and the measurement results show good package performance with RF loss around 5 dB for most of the samples. Temperature cycling reliability test was also performed by letting the fully integrated prototype goes through 1000 temperature cycles with JEDEC standard. The measured package loss spread across samples after 1000 cycles of TC test is about 13 dB, which is mainly due to the antenna warpage affecting the RF path's signal integrity.
Design of a small size PTC: computational model for the receiver tube and validation with heat loss test (2019)

Abstract In EU, the residential sector is responsible for the 40% of the total energy consumption. The integration of solar technologies in buildings is therefore necessary in order to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Concentrating collectors could offer an interesting solution but nowadays their application in buildings is rare due to high costs, large dimensions and complexity of the system. A novel small parabolic trough collector (PTC) has been conceived to overcome these limits and to allow the integration in buildings. The main features of realized prototype are the compact dimensions, strongly reduced compared to the PTC standards, and modularity. The paper deals with the numerical analysis necessary to design the concentrating collector properly and its validation with experimental results. An optical analysis has allowed to select the optimum values for the parameters of the parabola, aperture and rim angle. A thermo-fluid dynamics finite element model has been developed with Comsol Multiphysics, to analyse the relevant physical characteristics and to predict the performance of the receiver tube. The efficiency curve of the collector has been extracted. Successively a receiver tube has been built based on the indications of FEM model for what concerns geometry and materials. In order to evaluate the heat loss of the receiver and to validate the finite element model, a test bench has been realized. The results of off-sun heat loss tests on the receiver tube are reported for several temperatures. The computational model is in good agreement with experimental results and therefore it is validated.
Cigarette smoke extract and heated tobacco products promote ferritin cleavage and iron accumulation in human corneal epithelial cells (2021)

The cornea is directly exposed to cigarette smoke, and smoking is a risk factor for several corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome. Currently, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are widely used as substitutes for cigarette smoking around the world. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism(s) leading to cellular injury induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or HTPs. Exposure to CSE perturbed the formation of tight junctions, leading to an increase in cell volume, a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the human corneal epithelial cell-transformed (HCE-T) cell line. Moreover, CSE exposure induced both lipid peroxidation and ferrous [Fe(II)] ion accumulation in autolysosomal compartments. Interestingly, a cleaved form of ferritin appeared when HCE-T cells were incubated with CSE. This aberrant ferritin processing was suppressed by treatment with autophagy inhibitors. Furthermore, the CSE-induced cell death was suppressed by either ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine (DFO). CSE exposure also promoted the expression of cytokines whereas DFO treatment inhibited the CSE-induced expression of these cytokines. Exposure to HTPs also induced both HCE-T cell death and cleaved ferritin accumulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results indicated that CSE or HTPs activated the ferroptosis signaling pathway, which contributed to corneal epithelial cell injury.
Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by <em>Shigella</em> in children less than 5 years in Manhi&ccedil;a District, rural Mozambique (2018)

<i>Shigella</i> remains a common pathogen associated with childhood diarrhea in Mozambique, with dysentery being a significant clinical feature of shigellosis. Adherence to the basic hygiene rules and the use of antibiotic treatment could contribute to the prevention of most of diarrhea due to <i>Shigella</i>.
Networks of neuroblastoma cells on porous silicon substrates reveal a small world topology (2014)

The human brain is a tightly interweaving network of neural cells where the complexity of the network is given by the large number of its constituents and its architecture. The topological structure of neurons in the brain translates into its increased computational capabilities, low energy consumption, and nondeterministic functions, which differentiate human behavior from artificial computational schemes. In this manuscript, we fabricated porous silicon chips with a small pore size ranging from 8 to 75 nm and large fractal dimensions up to Df ∼ 2.8. In culturing neuroblastoma N2A cells on the described substrates, we found that those cells adhere more firmly to and proliferate on the porous surfaces compared to the conventional nominally flat silicon substrates, which were used as controls. More importantly, we observed that N2A cells on the porous substrates create highly clustered, small world topology patterns. We conjecture that neurons with a similar architecture may elaborate information more efficiently than in random or regular grids. Moreover, we hypothesize that systems of neurons on nano-scale geometry evolve in time to form networks in which the propagation of information is maximized.