gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LAU-0901, a novel platelet-activating factor antagonist, is highly neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia (2008)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a bioactive phospholipid that accumulates during ischemia-reperfusion and is involved in the activation of platelets, neutrophils, and pro-inflammatory signaling. PAF has been suggested to enhance brain ischemia-reperfusion damage. LAU-0901, a novel PAF receptor antagonist, was examined in models of focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and received 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) by intraluminal suture. LAU-0901 (30, 60, 90 mg/kg; n=9-11) or vehicle (n=11) was administered i.p. at 2 h after onset of MCAo. The neurological status was evaluated at 60 min, and on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after MCAo. In the dose-response study in mice, C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized and received 1 h MCAo by intraluminal suture. LAU-0901 (15, 30, 60 mg/kg; n=7-9) or vehicle (n=8) was given i.p. at 1 h after onset of MCAo. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after MCAo in mice. LAU-0901 treated rats showed improved neurological score throughout the 7-day survival period. LAU-0901 treatment (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg) reduced total corrected infarct volume compared to vehicle rats by 76, 88 and 90%, respectively. Mice treated with LAU-0901 (30 and 60 mg/kg) reduced total infarction by 29% and 66%, respectively. LCBF was improved by treatment with LAU-0901 (30 mg/kg) by 77% of baseline at 6 h. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that LAU-0901 improves behavioral scores, LCBF and reduces infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice. Thus, this PAF receptor antagonist exhibits potent and sustained neuroprotection that may be of value for the design of stroke therapies.
Evolution of pacing for bradycardia: Autocapture (2007)

Many useful technological improvements have occurred since the first pacemaker implantation in 1958. A new paradigm of cardiac stimulation has been offered by the development of Autocapture TM , which allows the implanting physician to adjust to the patient's clinical needs, thanks to device automaticity. Automatic verification of capture (AVC) is the ability of a cardiac pacing device to determine whether a delivered pacing stimulus results in stimulation of the myocardium, and, consequently, to adapt pacing output according to the measured threshold. The first single-chamber pacemaker featuring this capability for ventricular stimulation, termed Autocapture, was released by Pacesetter in 1994 (a subsidiary of St Jude since 1994). In 1999 the first Autocapture-featured dual-chamber pacemaker was also released by Pacesetter-St Jude. Autocapture is the most extensively studied algorithm for AVC, being the first to be developed. Over 1 000 000 Autocapture-featured units have now been implanted worldwide. More recently, Autocapture or automatic verification of atrial stimulation has also been proposed at the atrial level in DDDR devices and automatic verification of left ventricular stimulation has been implemented in devices for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Crowding kills beauty (2022)

Crowding impairs recognition, so might it impair beauty as well? We operationally defined perceived beauty as rated enjoyment. 120 online users rated their enjoyment of 360 images (120 abstract art, 120 figurative art, and 120 photos of natural or man-made environments) from Forsythe et al. (2011). In each trial, an observer fixated a cross at the center of the screen, saw an image presented for 100 ms, and rated their enjoyment of the image on a 5-point Likert scale. Each observer saw each image once. The image was displayed at one of six sizes (width 0.4, 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 deg) at one of two eccentricities (foveal or peripheral). The peripheral eccentricity, randomly right or left of fixation, was roughly 8 deg, assuming that participants viewed their monitors from 1.5 feet (46 cm) as instructed, and that the monitors had 150 ppi (Forsythe et al., 2011). For each image, each of the 12 conditions (6 sizes × 2 eccentricities) received ratings from 10 observers. We estimated crowding distance as 1/3 eccentricity (Bouma, 1970; Kurzawski et al., 2021). Crowding between components of the image depends on eccentricity, image size, and image content. To estimate the influence of image content on crowding, a judge estimated, for each image, the key spacing (in pixels): the minimum distance separating groups of features that are essential for semantic recognition of the image. We estimated the degree of crowding of each trial by calculating the crowding ratio: the ratio of crowding distance (1/3 radial eccentricity) divided by the key spacing (in radian and at the image size on that trial), which is very little influenced by the viewing distance. Across observers, sizes, and eccentricities, beauty is negatively correlated with estimated crowding, r(4318) = −0.48, p < 0.001. Crowding kills beauty.
Monostatic all-fiber scanning LADAR system (2015)

A compact scanning LADAR system based on a fiber-coupled, monostatic configuration which transmits (TX) and receives (RX) through the same aperture has been developed. A small piezo-electric stripe actuator was used to resonantly vibrate a fiber cantilever tip and scan the transmitted near-single-mode optical beam and the cladding mode receiving aperture. When compared to conventional bi-static systems with polygon, galvo, or Risley-prism beam scanners, the described system offers several advantages: the inherent alignment of the receiver field-of-view (FOV) relative to the TX beam angle, small size and weight, and power efficiency. Optical alignment of the system was maintained at all ranges since there is no parallax between the TX beam and the receiver FOV. A position-sensing detector (PSD) was used to sense the instantaneous fiber tip position. The Si PSD operated in a two-photon absorption mode to detect the transmitted 1.5 μm pulses. The prototype system collected 50,000 points per second with a 6° full scan angle and a 27 mm clear aperture/40 mm focal length TX/RX lens, had a range precision of 4.7 mm, and was operated at a maximum range of 26 m.
Neuropathic Itch (2020)

Neurologic insults as varied as inflammation, stroke, and fibromyalgia elicit neuropathic pain and itch. Noxious sensation results when aberrantly increased afferent signaling reaches percept-forming cortical neurons and can occur due to increased sensory signaling, decreased inhibitory signaling, or a combination of both processes. To treat these symptoms, detailed knowledge of sensory transmission, from innervated end organ to cortex, is required. Molecular, genetic, and behavioral dissection of itch in animals and patients has improved understanding of the receptors, cells, and circuits involved. In this review, we will discuss neuropathic itch with a focus on the itch-specific circuit.
Strengthening and Toughening of 280kg/mm<SUP>2</SUP> Grade Maraging Steel through Control of Microstructure (1976)

In order to strengthen and toughen 280kg/mmm2 grade maraging steels, the effects of solution and aging treatments on the microstructure, tensile properties and fracture toughness have been investigated, and metallurgical factors affecting the strength-toughnesss balance have been discussed.Tensile ductility is strongly dependent upon prior γ grain size. Unstable fracture under low stresses occurs due to the decrease in ductility above a critical grain size, which depends on the strength level and fracture toughness of the steel. On the other hand, the fracture toughness is independent upon prior γ grain size but strongly dependent upon undissolved precipitates. The presence of undissolved precipitates can greatly lower the fracture toughness. Therefore, a simultaneous improvement of ductility and toughness would be obtained in the fine grained martensite structure without undissolved precipitates. Three special treatments, which consist of complete solution treatment of undissolved precipitates and grain refinement, have been proposed by utilizing the difference of metallurgical factors affecting the ductility and toughness respectively. Simultaneous improvements of the ductility and toughness for the higher strength level of 13 Ni-15 Co-10 Mo steel are obtained by a special thermomechanical treatment.
The physics of the drive in golf (1991)

With the personal computer the undergraduate physics student can investigate interesting physical systems. This is illustrated with a study of golf drives predicted from experimentally measured lift and drag coefficients which give forces nearly proportional to the square of the velocity of the ball. Their interplay gives a surprising linear dependence of range on initial velocity, in good agreement with empirical formulas but in contrast with the quadratic dependence discussed in introductory physics courses. Spin damping is easily introduced and found to decrease the range for a given launch angle. The exploration of quantitative and qualitative differences between the trajectories produced by measured drag and lift forces and those predicted by a model with a linear velocity dependence illustrates the scientific method at work.
A deceptive robot referee in a multiplayer gaming environment (2011)

We explore deception in the context of a multi-player robotic game. The robot does not participate as a competitor, but is in charge of declaring who wins or loses every round. The robot was designed to deceive game players by imperceptibly balancing how much they won, with the hope this behavior would make them play longer and with more interest. Inducing false belief about who wins the game was accomplished by leveraging paradigms about robot behavior and their better perceptual abilities. There were participants who found the balancing strategy favorable after being debriefed, and others who showed less interest mostly because of their perceived level of unfairness. Trust, suspicion, motivation, and appeal were evaluated by altering the robot behavior during gameplay. Post-briefing results include the finding that participants are more accepting of the use of lying by our robot as opposed to robots in general. Factors pertaining to gameplay, this robot, and deceptive robotics in general are also discussed.
Differential effects of fornix and caudate nucleus lesions on two radial maze tasks: evidence for multiple memory systems (1989)

The present experiments were designed to examine the hypothesis that the mammalian brain contains anatomically distinct memory systems. Rats with bilateral lesions of caudate nucleus or fimbria-fornix and a control group were tested postoperatively on 1 of 2 versions of the radial maze task. In a standard win-shift version, each of the 8 arms of the maze was baited once, and the number of errors (revisits) in the first 8 choices of each trial was recorded. Fimbria-fornix rats were impaired in choice accuracy, while caudate animals were unimpaired relative to controls. Different groups of rats with similar lesions were tested on a newly developed win-stay version of the radial maze, in which the location of 4 randomly selected baited arms was signaled by a light at the entrance to each arm, and which required rats to revisit arms in which reinforcement had been previously acquired within a trial. Rats with fimbria-fornix lesions were superior to controls in choice accuracy on the win-stay radial maze task, while caudate animals were impaired relative to controls. The results demonstrate a double dissociation of the mnemonic functions of the hippocampus and caudate nucleus. Some implications of the presence of 2 memory systems in the mammalian brain are discussed.
OS 34-04 SAFETY OF EARLY INTENSIVE BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING IN CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN ACUTE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE (2016)

Objective: The INTERACT2 trial demonstrated beneficial effects of early intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, concerns persist over harms associated with the treatment, particularly in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) (ie white matter lesions [WML], lacunes and atrophy) and renal failure. We determined associations of CSVD, and renal failure, on outcomes in INTERACT2 participants. Design and Method: There were 2069/2839 patients with baseline brain CT (< 6hr ICH onset). WML grade (van Swieten scale), 2 linear measurements of brain atrophy (frontal ratio [FR] and third ventricle Sylvian fissure distance [TSD]), and the presence of lacunes were analyzed centrally by 3 independent neurologists blind to clinical data. Admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was categorized into 3 groups based on the CKDEC equation: normal or high (> 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), mild (60–90 mL/min/1.73 m2), and moderate-severe (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) decrease. Results: WML and brain atrophy were associated with death/disability (mRS score 3–6) at 90 days: adjusted ORs for WML (grade 3 and 4 vs. 1), FR and TSD (most vs. least severe atrophy quartile) were 1.42 (95%CI 1.02–0.98), 1.47 (1.08–1.99) and 1.64 (1.21–2.22), respectively (P trend < 0.05). No significant differences in effects of intensive BP lowering in subgroups of CSVD. Of 2623 participants with renal data, 912 (35%) and 280 (11%) had mild and moderate-severe decreased eGFR. Compared to normal or high eGFR, patients with moderate-severe decrease in eGFR had the greatest risk of death or major disability at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.28–2.61). The effects of early intensive BP lowering were consistent across different levels of eGFR (P = 0.5 for homogeneity). Conclusions: Patients with CSVD manifestations of WML and brain atrophy, and renal failure, have significantly worse outcome in acute ICH. However, intensive BP lowering provides similar treatment effects irrespective of degree of CSVD or renal failure.
Energy transfer in polymer electrophosphorescent light emitting devices with single and multiple doped luminescent layers (2002)

We study energy transfer in efficient polymer electrophosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) using poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) host doped with one or more phosphorescent cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. Single dopant double heterostructure PHOLEDs exhibited saturated color luminescence due to emissive triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer to ground state transitions of the Ir(III) dopants. Blue PHOLEDs, excited by an endothermic process from the host polymer, exhibited an emission maximum at a wavelength of λmax=474 nm, with an external quantum efficiency of ηext=1.3±0.1% and luminous power efficiency of ηp=0.8±0.1 lm/W. The green PHOLED exhibited ηext=5.1±0.1%, with ηext&amp;gt;2% for both red and yellow emission. Resonant energy transfer between green emitting fac-tris (2-phenylpyridyl)Ir(III) and red emitting bis[2-(2′-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3′](acetylacetonate)Ir(III) was observed to nearly double the efficiency of red emission when both dopants were simultaneously blended in a PVK host. PHOLEDs containing a blend of red, yellow, and blue Ir(III) complex dopants produced white light emission with ηext=2.1±0.1%. Our results suggest that deep lying energy states in the PVK conductive matrix may limit the energy transfer efficiency in phosphor doped polymer OLEDs.
Static-FE Harmonic Analysis of PM Slip Couplers (2021)

In this paper, a 2-D static finite element (S-FE) analysis method of a slip-magnetic coupling is proposed. The FE analysis method uses the frozen permeability technique, which allows the user to accurately determine the relevant model parameters by including the effects of saturation and cross-coupling. Moreover, the proposed analysis method accurately predicts the zero-sequence (3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic) and higher-order harmonic induced voltages and currents which are present in magnetic couplings. It is found that the zero-sequence and higher-order harmonic currents contribute to the net-torque of the magnetic coupling and their effects are more prevalent at low loads. The method is verified by means of comparing its results to those obtained from a commercial transient FE (T-FE) package. The S-FE method solutions are verified over a wide slip range, and are shown to be significantly less computationally time intensive compared to the T-FE package.
<title>Temporal synchronization in video watermarking</title> (2002)

This paper examines the problems with temporal synchronization in video watermarking and describes a new method for efficient synchronization and resynchronization. In our method, efficient synchronization is achieved by designing temporal redundancy in the structure of the watermark. Temporal redundancy allows the watermark detector to establish and maintain synchronization without performing extensive search in the watermark key space. Our method does not use synchronization templates that may be subject to attack and increase the visibility of the watermark. Another advantage of our technique is that the watermark structure is video-dependent, which enhances security. The technique is implemented using a spatial domain watermark on uncompressed video and a finite state machine watermark key generator. The implementation illustrates the effectiveness of using temporal redundancy for synchronization, and is shown to be resilient to desynchronization attacks such as frame dropping, frame insertion, local frame transposition, and frame averaging. Our method for synchronization is independent of the embedding method and can be used with a wide class of watermark embedding and detection techniques, including those for other time-varying signals such as digital audio.
Proteomic Studies in Plants (2004)

Proteomics is a leading technology for the high-throughput analysis of proteins on a genome-wide scale. With the completion of genome sequencing projects and the development of analytical methods for protein characterization, proteomics has become a major field of functional genomics. The initial objective of proteomics was the large-scale identification of all protein species in a cell or tissue. The applications are currently being extended to analyze various functional aspects of proteins such as post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, activities and structures. Whereas the proteomics research is quite advanced in animals and yeast as well as Escherichia coli, plant proteomics is only at the initial phase. Major studies of plant proteomics have been reported on subcellular proteomes and protein complexes (e.g. proteins in the plasma membranes, chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei). Here several plant proteomics studies will be presented, followed by a recent work using multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT).
Structure of the HERG K+ Channel S5P Extracellular Linker (2003)

The HERG K+ channel has very unusual kinetic behavior that includes slow activation but rapid inactivation. These features are critical for normal cardiac repolarization as well as in preventing lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Mutagenesis studies have shown that the extracellular peptide linker joining the fifth transmembrane domain to the pore helix is critical for rapid inactivation of the HERG K+ channel. This peptide linker is also considerably longer in HERG K+ channels, 40 amino acids, than in most other voltage-gated K+ channels. In this study we show that a synthetic 42-residue peptide corresponding to this linker region of the HERG K+ channel does not have defined structural elements in aqueous solution; however, it displays two well defined helical regions when in the presence of SDS micelles. The helices correspond to Trp585-Ile593 and Gly604-Tyr611 of the channel. The Trp585-Ile593 helix has distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The Gly604-Tyr611 helix corresponds to an N-terminal extension of the pore helix. Electrophysiological studies of HERG currents following application of exogenous S5P peptides show that the amphipathic helix in the S5P linker interacts with the pore region of the channel in a voltage-dependent manner.
Multi-dimensional digital holographic microscopy (2018)

In this paper, we present a multi-dimensional digital holographic microscopy for biological applications. First, we present our concept of an optical microscopy that can produce both phase and fluorescence images. Then, a technique is demonstrated to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of fluorescence beads by a common-path off-axis incoherent digital holographic microscopy. Experimental verification of the proposed system on microscopic samples and the reconstructed image quality is discussed.
Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in treatment refractory patients with various neuropathic pain entities in clinical routine (2007)

Our findings suggest that pregabalin is an effective and well-tolerated drug in difficult-to-treat NeP patients under daily clinical practice conditions. A flexible dosing approach appears appropriate to ensure patient compliance and treatment success.
Wavelength swept spectrally encoded confocal microscopy for biological and clinical applications (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.
Sparse representation of ultrasonic guided-waves for robust damage detection in pipelines under varying environmental and operational conditions (2015)

The challenges of guided-wave based structural health monitoring can be discussed under three headings: (a) multiple modes, (b) multi-path reflections, and (c) sensitivity to environmental and operational conditions (EOCs). The objective of this paper is to develop damage detection methods that simplify guided-wave signals while retaining damage information and have low sensitivity to EOC variations. A supervised method is proposed for damage detection. The detection performance is maximized, by imposing a sparsity constraint on the signals. This paper reports a diverse set of laboratory and field experiments validating the extent to which EOC variations, as well as damage characteristics can influence the discriminatory power of the damage-sensitive features. The laboratory setup includes an aluminum pipe with temperature varying between 24 and 38 ° C. The method is further validated using an operational hot water supply piping system of different size and configuration than the one used in the laboratory, which operates under noisy environment, with constantly varying flow rate, temperature, and inner pressure. Moreover, the proposed method is used to detect occurrence of consecutive actual damages, namely, a crack and a mass loss as small as 10% and 8% of the wall thickness, respectively. The validation results suggest that a simple binary-labeled training data (i.e., undamaged/damaged), obtained under a limited range of EOCs, are sufficient for the proposed method. That is, the detection method does not require prior knowledge about the characteristics of the damage (e.g., size, type, and location), and/or a training dataset that is obtained from a wide range of EOCs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of Cardiac Rate and Rhythm Patterns in Ambulatory and Hospitalized Children (2005)

Our aim was to underline possible differences in heart rate and rhythm patterns between ambulatory and hospitalized children. Holter monitoring was performed on 264 healthy ambulatory children and on 112 children who were hospitalized for noncardiotoxic conditions. Maximal, mean and minimal heart rates decreased with age. Maximal heart rate was significantly higher in ambulatory schoolchildren and adolescents than in hospitalized ones. Sinus arrhythmia was noted on every recording. Some children had episodes of first- or second-degree atrioventricular block while sleeping. Supraventricular and uniform ventricular extrasystoles were common. The incidence of all types of arrhythmia and conduction disturbances was similar in ambulatory and hospitalized children. These data can be taken as a basis for the analysis of 24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring in ambulatory but also in hospitalized children.