gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Collagen/Glycosaminoglycan-Based Cellular Microenvironments for Tuning Osteoclastogenesis (2015)

Replicating the biocomplexity of native extracellular matrices (ECM) is critical for a deeper understanding of biochemical signals influencing bone homeostasis. This will foster the development of bioinspired biomaterials with adjustable bone-inducing properties. Collagen-based coatings containing single HA derivatives have previously been reported to promote osteogenic differentiation and modulate osteoclastogenesis and resorption depending on their sulfation degree. However, the potential impact of different GAG concentrations as well as the interplay of multiple GAGs in these coatings is not characterized in detail to date. These aspects were addressed in the current study by integrating HA and different sulfate-modified HA derivatives (sHA) during collagen in vitro fibrillogenesis. Besides cellular microenvironments with systematically altered single-GAG concentrations, matrices containing both low and high sHA (sHA1, sHA4) were characterized by biochemical analysis such as agarose gel electrophoresis, performed for the first time with sHA derivatives. The morphology and composition of the collagen coatings were altered in a GAG sulfation- and concentration-dependent manner. In multi-GAG microenvironments, atomic force microscopy revealed intermediate collagen fibril structures with thin fibrils and microfibrils. GAG sulfation altered the surface charge of the coatings as demonstrated by ζ-potential measurements revealed for the first time as well. This highlights the prospect of GAG-containing matrices to adjust defined surface charge properties. The sHA4- and the multi-GAG coatings alike significantly enhanced the viability of murine osteoclast-precursor-like RAW264.7 cells. Although in single-GAG matrices there was no dose-dependent effect on cell viability, osteoclastogenesis was significantly suppressed only on sHA4-coatings in a dose-dependent fashion. The multi-GAG coatings led to an antiosteoclastogenic effect in-between those with single-GAGs which cannot simply be attributed to the overall content of sulfate groups. These data suggest that the interplay of sGAGs influences bone cell behavior. Whether these findings translate into favorable biomaterial properties needs to be validated in vivo.
v-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (8-azapurines). Part IX. Some nucleophilic addition reactions (1972)

Several v-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (8-azapurines) added nucleophilic reagents (shown in parentheses) to give 7-substituted 6,7-dihydro-derivatives (6-substituted 1,6-dihydro-8-azapurines)[shown in square brackets]: v-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (potassium hydrogen sulphite, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, benzenethiol, and methanol)[7-sulphonato-(1a), 7-(2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)(1c), 7-(4,6-dioxo-2-thioxohexa-hydropyrimidin-5-yl), 7-phenylthio-, and 7-methoxy-(4a) derivatives, respectively]; 5-amino-v-triazolo[4,5-d]-pyrimidine (2-amino-8-azapurine)(potassium hydrogen sulphite and methanol)[7-sulphonato-(1b) and 7-methoxy-(4d) derivatives]; v-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5(4H)-thione (8-azapurine-2-thione)(potassium hydrogen sulphite)[7-sulphonato-derivative (2a; X = S)]; vtriazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one (8-azapurin-2-one)(potassium hydrogen sulphite, methanol, benzenethiol, acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, malonamide, and barbituric acid)[7-sulphonato-(2a; X = O), 7-methoxy-(2b), 7-phenylthio-, 7-diacetylmethyl-, 7-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxopropyl), 7-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl-, 7-dicarbamoylmethyl-, and 7-(2,4,6-trioxo-hexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)(2d) derivatives]. v-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one was reduced by potassium borohydride to the 6,7-dihydro-derivative (2e)(1,6-dihydro-8-azapurin-2-one).U.v. and 1H n.m.r. spectra and some ionisation constants are reported and discussed.
Sudden and transient livedo reticularis as a manifestation of mononucleosis‐like disease by cytomegalovirus (2021)

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Gardenifolins A–H, Scalemic Neolignans from Gardenia ternifolia: Chiral Resolution, Configurational Assignment, and Cytotoxic Activities against the HeLa Cancer Cell Line (2017)

From the tropical plant Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. and Thonn. (Rubiaceae), eight stereoisomeric 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan neolignans, named gardenifolins A-H (1a-d and 2a-d), were isolated and fully structurally characterized. Reversed-phase chromatography of a stem bark extract afforded two peaks, viz. mixtures I and II, each one consisting of two diastereomers and their respective enantiomers. They were resolved and stereochemically analyzed by HPLC on a chiral phase coupled to electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, giving single ECD spectra of all eight stereoisomers. The double-bond geometries (E or Z) of the gardenifolins A-H and their relative configurations (cis or trans) at the stereogenic centers C-7 and C-8 in the dihydrofuran ring system were assigned by 1D and 2D NMR methods, in particular, using NOE difference experiments, whereas the absolute configurations of the isolated enantiomers were established by ECD spectroscopy by applying the reversed helicity rule. The individual pure gardenifolin isomers A-H showed the most different cytotoxic effects against the human cancer HeLa cell line, with 1d and 2a displaying the highest activities, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 21.0 and 32.5 μM, respectively. Morphological experiments indicated that gardenifolin D (1d) induces apoptosis of HeLa cells at 25 μM.
Effects of Different Titanium Surfaces Created by 3D Printing Methods, Particle Sizes, and Acid Etching on Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Differentiation (2022)

The surfaces of 3D printed titanium prostheses have major impacts on the clinical performance of the prostheses. To investigate the surface effects of the products generated by 3D printed titanium on osseointegration, six surface types of titanium discs produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) methods, with two sizes of titanium particles and post-printing acid etching, were used to examine the surface topography and to explore the protein adsorption, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions, and MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The EBM-printed disc showed a stripy and smooth surface without evidence of the particles used, while the DMLS surface contained many particles. After acid etching, small particles on the DMLS surface were removed, whereas the large particles were left. Moreover, distinct proteins with low molecular weights were attached to the 3D printed titanium discs but not to the pre-printing titanium particles. The small titanium particles stimulated the highest TNF-α and IL-6 gene expressions at 24 h. The alizarin red content and osteocalcin gene expression at day 21 were the highest in the groups of acid-etched discs printed by DMLS with the small particles and by EBM. Therefore, the acid-treated surfaces without particles favor osteogenic differentiation. The surface design of 3D printed titanium prostheses should be based on their clinical applications.
Supplementary Methods, Table 1, and Figure Legends from Characterization of the Mechanism of Action of the Pan Class I PI3K Inhibitor NVP-BKM120 across a Broad Range of Concentrations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 131KB.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical burst switched ring network with upstream prioritized switching and distributed fairness control (2007)

Abstract With a view to constructing a metropolitan network that can flexibly handle highly bursty traffic, an optical burst switched ring network with upstream prioritized switching and distributed fairness control is proposed. In optical burst switching, high burst drop rates at intermediate nodes constitute a problem. In the proposed system, burst signal dropping at the relay nodes is eliminated by means of upstream prioritized switching. At the same time, by using distributed fairness control, the problem of upstream prioritized switching‐related unfairness, in which positional priority provides higher priority to more distant transmission nodes, is resolved. Further, by modifying the reservation of downstream nodes by using the trailer packet after disconnection of the transmission, unnecessary bandwidth is eliminated and the throughput is improved. By computer simulation, the throughput and the fairness with regard to the throughput are evaluated. It is shown that the proposed architecture exhibits excellent characteristics even in cases of hot‐spot traffic, in which concentrated traffic occurs at a particular destination. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(8): 30–39, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20338 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic epidemiology of colorectal cancer. (1987)

Colorectal cancer, one of the "diseases of western civilisation", is a multistage process in which the first stage is the formation of a benign adenoma, followed by adenoma growth, increasing severity of epithelial dysplasia, and finally carcinoma. Adenoma formation is caused by environmental factors, probably acting primarily on a genetically predisposed fraction of the population. Adenoma growth is probably caused by a bacterial metabolite of the bile acids, the concentration of which is increased by dietary fat or meat and decreased by fibre. This probably acts in concert with hormonal factors. Similar factors are probably responsible for the increasing severity of epithelial dysplasia.
An Aromatic Phosphine Reagent for the HPLC-Fluorescence Determination of Hydroperoxides - Determination of Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxides in Human Plasma (1988)

Abstract A new method is developed to determine picomole levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PC-HPO) in human plasma. The PC-HPO was extracted from 500 μ1 of human plasma with a mixture of chloroform and methanol and separated on a HPLC with a silica gel column using the chloroform - methanol - water system. Detection was carried out by fluorometry after post column derivatization with diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine CDPPP). The determination of PC-HPO was performed by the method of standard addition. The sampling error was corrected by using the UV peak of inherent unoxidized PC as an internal standard. By this method, the PC-HPO levels in healthy adult human plasma were 20–40 pmol/ml which compares favorably to the normal expected values.
Metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer (2021)

Although low risk localised prostate cancer has an excellent prognosis owing to effective treatments, such as surgery, radiation, cryosurgery and hormone therapy, metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable. Existing therapeutic regimens prolong life; however, they are beset by problems of resistance, resulting in poor outcomes. Treatment resistance arises primarily from tumour heterogeneity, altered genetic signatures and metabolic reprogramming, all of which enable the tumour to serially adapt to drugs during the course of treatment. In this review, we focus on alterations in the metabolism of prostate cancer, including genetic signatures and molecular pathways associated with metabolic reprogramming. Advances in our understanding of prostate cancer metabolism might help to explain many of the adaptive responses that are induced by therapy, which might, in turn, lead to the attainment of more durable therapeutic responses.
One-Pot Fabrication of Hollow and Porous Pd–Cu Alloy Nanospheres and Their Remarkably Improved Catalytic Performance for Hexavalent Chromium Reduction (2016)

Noble metal nanostructures (NMNSs) play a crucial role in many heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Hollow and porous NMNSs possess generally prominent advantages over their solid counterparts due to their unordinary structural features. In this work, we describe a facial one-pot synthesis of hollow and porous Pd-Cu alloy nanospheres (Pd-Cu HPANSs) through a polyethylenimine (PEI)-assisted oxidation-dissolution mechanism. The strong coordination interaction between Cu<sup>II</sup> and PEI facilitates the oxidation-dissolution of the Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanospheres template under air conditions, which is responsible for the generation of the Pd-Cu alloy and the convenient removal of the Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanospheres template at room temperature. Compared to the commercial Pd black, the Pd-Cu HPANSs show remarkably improved catalytic activity for the reduction of K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> by HCOOH at room temperature, attributing to the enhanced catalytic activity of the Pd-Cu HPANSs for the dehydrogenation decomposition of HCOOH.
Plane strain finite element simulation of shear band formation during metal forming (1992)

Abstract A plane strain finite element formulation and solution procedure for shear band failure during the plane strain metal forming process are developed and presented. The large strain elastic‐plastic formulation includes a 5‐node 10‐degree‐of‐freedom (d.o.f.) ‘crossed‐triangle’ element, a 4‐node 8‐d.o.f. element with selective reduced integration, an 8‐node 16‐d.o.f. element and a 4‐node 8‐d.o.f. element with an embedded shear band. The formulation includes an elastic‐plastic material model with a modified Gurson yield function and combined isotropic‐kinematic hardening. The solution procedure is based on a Newton–Raphson incremental‐iterative method with an orthogonal projection of zero or negative eigen‐modes when required. Two different examples of plane strain tension test are studied with results compared with available numerical solutions to evaluate the present formulation and solution procedure of the four different elements. The results demonstrate that both types of the 4‐node quadrilaterals are comparable to the 5‐node crossed‐triangle element as well as the 8‐jiode element. To further validate and to demonstrate the predictive capability and practical applicability of the present development, two plane strain metal forming examples are investigated. The first application is a numerical simulation of a sheet‐stretching test with results compared with experimental data for a commercially pure aluminium–magnesium 5182‐O sheet. The load vs. extension history and the through‐thickness strain are compared. The good agreement suggests that it is possible to numerically determine the parameters needed for the modified Gurson yield function. The second application is a numerical simulation of the formation of dead metal zones in the extrusion process. A plane strain extrusion of a short aluminium billet through straight‐sided dies is presented and characteristic features of the formation of dead metal zone are observed.
Gasketing the Internal Combustion Engine (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Gaskets for the internal combustion engine are highly engineered and rigorously tested products. Their degree of sophistication has largely followed the degree of sophistication inherent in the engine. This paper presents a chronological history of the cylinder head gasket as it changed relative to engine changes. Depicted is the general theory of bolted joint sealing as related to head gaskets.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The remaining engine gaskets are discussed in regard to their basic construction and material content. An introduction of the chemical gaskets used in internal combustion engines is also included.&lt;/div&gt;
A distributed protocol for fast and robust virtual path restoration (1995)

Broadband networks must be designed for survivability, otherwise serious failures threaten their integrity. That is why restoration strategies have previously been studied in some depth, first for SDH/SONET transport networks, and then for ATM trunk networks based on the virtual path (VP) concept. In terms of survivability, the characteristics of VPs can be exploited to permit cost effective preassigned restoration by allocating protection paths to working VP routes. This involves setting virtual path identifiers (VPIs) in translation tables of VP cross-connects of the protection route, as well as management of spare capacity reservations in network links. The purpose of this latter operation is twofold: first, spare capacity should be shared between protection paths activated due to different possible failures; second, any failure must not result in the aggregate protection path capacity of any link exceeding the reserved value. In devising a mechanism for activating restoration, the principal goal is to restore failed paths as quickly as possible. This paper describes a novel distributed protocol which enables rapid switching from working to protection routes in the event of serious physical layer failures. A further objective is to instill robustness into the restoration scheme such that adverse effects of less common failures (e.g. node or multiple span) do not degrade network performance.
Bcl-2 expression restores the leukemogenic potential of a BCR/ABL mutant defective in transformation (2000)

Abstract Growth factor–dependent hematopoietic cell lines expressing the BCR/ABL oncoprotein of the Ph chromosome show growth factor–independent proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Apoptosis resistance of BCR/ABL-expressing cells may depend on enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins as well as reduced expression and/or inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Compared to myeloid precursor 32Dcl3 cells expressing wild type BCR/ABL, cells expressing a BCR/ABL mutant lacking amino acids 176-426 in the BCR domain (p185ΔBCR) are susceptible to apoptosis induced by interleukin-3 (IL-3) deprivation. These cells exhibited the hypophosphorylated apoptotic BAD and markedly reduced levels of Bcl-2. Upon ectopic expression of Bcl-2, these cells showed no changes in BAD phosphorylation, but they became apoptosis-resistant and proliferated in the absence of IL-3, albeit more slowly than cells expressing wild type BCR/ABL. Moreover, the p185ΔBCR/Bcl-2 double transfectants were leukemogenic when injected into immunodeficient mice, but Bcl-2 expression did not restore the leukemia-inducing effects of p185ΔBCR to the levels of wild type BCR/ABL. Leukemic cells recovered from the spleen of mice injected with p185ΔBCR/Bcl-2 cells did not show rearrangements in the Bcl-2 genomic locus, but they exhibited enhanced proliferation in culture and induced a rapidly fatal disease process when inoculated in secondary recipient mice. Together, these data support the importance of anti-apoptotic pathways for BCR/ABL-dependent leukemogenesis and suggest that Bcl-2 expression promotes secondary changes leading to a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in imported canned fish in Nigeria and risk assessment (2022)

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p-</i>dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) were measured in imported canned fish such as mackerel, sardine and tuna to evaluate the risk relating to human consumption of these products. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to evaluate the concentrations of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the samples. The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo></mml:math>28 PCB concentrations in the canned mackerel, tuna and sardine ranged from 0.33 to 9.48 ng g <sup>-1</sup>, <LOQ to 8.8 ng g<sup>-1</sup> and <LOQ to 15.1 ng g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, while the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo></mml:math>14 PCDD/Fs concentrations varied from 0.06 to 4.70 ng g<sup>-1</sup> for mackerel, 0.72 to 9.43 ng g<sup>-1</sup> for tuna and not detected to 22.0 ng g <sup>-1</sup> for sardines. Health risk analysis suggests that ingestion of these samples could lead to adverse non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks over a lifetime.
In hospital risk factors for acute kidney injury and its burden in patients with Sars-Cov-2 infection: a longitudinal multinational study (2022)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality in most critical settings. However, it is unclear whether its mild form (i.e. AKI stage 1) is associated with increased mortality also in non-critical settings. Here we conducted an international study in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection aiming 1. to estimate the incidence of AKI at each stage and its impact on mortality 2. to identify AKI risk factors at admission (susceptibility) and during hospitalization (exposures) and factors contributing to AKI-associated mortality. We included 939 patients from medical departments in Moscow (Russia) and Padua (Italy). In-hospital AKI onset was identified in 140 (14.9%) patients, mainly with stage 1 (65%). Mortality was remarkably higher in patients with AKI compared to those without AKI (55 [39.3%] vs. 34 [4.3%], respectively). Such association remained significant after adjustment for other clinical conditions at admission (relative risk [RR] 5.6; CI 3.5- 8.8) or restricting to AKI stage 1 (RR 3.2; CI 1.8-5.5) or to subjects with AKI onset preceding deterioration of clinical conditions. After hospital admission, worsening of hypoxic damage, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and coagulopathy were identified as hospital-acquired risk factors predicting AKI onset. Following AKI onset, the AKI-associated worsening of respiratory function was identified as the main contributor to AKI-induced increase in mortality risk. In conclusion, AKI is a common complication of Sars-CoV2 infection in non-intensive care settings where it markedly increases mortality risk also at stage 1. The identification of hospital-acquired risk factors and exposures might help prevention of AKI onset and of its complications.
Tweeting to the Target: Candidates’ Use of Strategic Messages and @Mentions on Twitter (2018)

This paper reports on a mixed-methods (i.e., content analysis, machine learning, and quantitative analysis) study of Twitter use among 74 U.S. gubernatorial candidates during the 2014 election. In extending the theory of controlled interactivity, this article focuses on politicians’ use of the @mention where we detail differing messaging strategies when candidates mention themselves versus their opponents, and between incumbents and challengers. Results suggest that candidates use the @mention feature as a subtle audience targeting mechanism. Our work also offers a methodological contribution by showing that machine-learning models perform better when context variables are included.