gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Novel Role of GABAB and CXCR4 in Medulloblastoma (2018)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and it occurs in 16-25% of diagnosed cases, with a higher incidence in children aged 1 to 9 years old. The current standard of care consists of multiple stages of therapy including surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. However, a subset of tumors with a still devastating prognosis remains. Metabotropic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that act as second messengers. Γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABAB) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) are metabotropic receptors that belong to the C-family of GPCRs and are activated by the neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and stromal-cell derived factor; SDF-1 (CXCL12), respectively. GABAB receptors are heterodimers where GABA binds to a B1 subunit, and the B2 subunit is coupled to G-proteins regulating activities of the Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, and adenylyl cyclase (AC). Previous studies showed that CXCR4 is highly expressed by glial and neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and GABAergic neurons. Evidence shows that CXCR4 is overexpressed in MB and upon administration of a CXCR4 antagonist significantly decreased the cell proliferation rate in Type II MB. Evidence also proved that CXCR4 and GABAB­ can crosstalk and GABAB was found to be highly expressed in Type II – MB showing increased Ca2+ levels and protein receptor localization. Current results show that upon administration of the GABAB agonist; baclofen increased cell proliferation in Type II MB cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence showed increased levels of GABAB during mitotic division. In conclusion, by administering the antagonist; phaclofen would enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments on MB patients by decreasing the proliferation rate of the aggressive tumors.
Isotope ratio determination by laser ablation-single collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. General capabilities and possibilities for improvement (2010)

In this paper, the general capabilities of laser ablation-single-collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-SC-ICP-MS) for isotope ratio determination are discussed. Some new approaches for improving the quality of the results have been investigated, and the results are presented here and compared with previously published data. In this way, an attempt is made to promote the use of this accessible technique in those contexts for which it is fit-for-purpose. Starting from a general exposition of the main factors affecting the combined uncertainty for isotopic analysis when using this technique, some general hints for method development are given and some methodological approaches permitting the results to be improved presented. In this regard, proper selection of the type of mass spectrometer, of the ICP-MS acquisition parameters, and of the detection mode used (i.e. pulse counting or analog mode) are first discussed. Secondly, different methodological approaches for stabilizing the LA-ICP-MS signal and/or filtering out large particles that would not be properly digested in the plasma are presented and critically compared in terms of precision improvement and the effect they exert on the observed mass discrimination. The use of Ne in a collision/reaction cell leads to precision improvement due to the so-called collisional damping effect, but, at a cost of strongly matrix-dependent mass discrimination. The insertion of a dual-pass spray chamber in-between the LA system and the ICP torch with simultaneous admixture of (i) a nebulized aerosol or (ii) a flow of N2 leads to improved precision while providing more robust plasma conditions, reducing the matrix-dependence of the mass discrimination effect. After evaluation of the results presented, some general hints for achieving optimal isotopic data by means of LA-SC-ICP-MS are summarized in the conclusions section. These recommended conditions provide considerable improvements with respect to the typical precision values reported for this technique (e.g., ∼0.1% RSD external precision for glass samples), such that valuable information can be obtained in many application fields.
Vision Based Autonomous Robot Navigation: Motion Segmentation, (1996)

The ability to acquire and respond appropriately to targets or obstacles, moving or stationary, while underway, is critical for all unmanned mobile robot applications. This is achieved by most animate systems, but has proven difficult for artificial systems. We propose that efficient and extensible solutions to the target acquisition, discrimination and maintenance problem may be found when the machine sensor-effector control algorithms emulate the mechanisms employed by biological systems. In nature, visual motion provides the basis for these functions. Because visual motion can be due either to target motion or to platform motion, a method of motion segmentation must be found. We present a solution to this problem that emulates natural strategies, and describe its implementation in an autonomous visually controlled mobile robot. The Problem of Motion Segmentation Motion segmentation is used here as the process of identifying the 3-D spatial location of a unique source of motion from the optic flows created by one or more independently moving objects in the visual field. Motion segmentation is a greater problem than identifying and localizing a source of motion because the observer himself may also be moving in a complex visual space causing all other objects, whether stationary or moving, to contribute to the optic flow though induced motion. Consider a person driving his car down a busy street. In the course of driving, the driver uses saccades to select targets upon which to fix his gaze, and pursuit eye movements to hold his gaze upon his selected target. These targets may be other moving cars, pedestrians, billboards or other objects resting on the ground. While the relative target motion is minimized by the fixation mechanisms, images of the objects in the foreground and background relative to the target will continue to contribute to the optic flow on his retina during target fixation due to the motion of the car as well as to the pursuit eye movements. This flow can be non-uniform in direction as well as speed, depending upon the distance to the objects and their position with respect to the target and the relative direction of gaze with respect to the direction of travel of the car. Still, new targets are quickly noticed in the driver’s peripheral vision, especially if they are moving independently of their surround. The mechanism that draws attention to these new targets is the focus of our interest in motion segmentation. Studies of eye movements of drivers have shown that unusual motion is a strong attractor of attention (Thomas, 1969). For example, a car that takes off from the parked position is irresistible, so is a blinking light, like a turn indicator, or a bouncing ball that appears across the traffic. While the driver most often notices objects that are themselves moving, motion in itself is inadequate to
Diverse effects of ascorbic acid and palmitoyl ascorbate onHelicobacter pylorisurvival and growth (2003)

Among many antioxidants used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, ascorbic acid (AA) is one of the most important. AA has been suggested to decrease the risk of gastric disease (gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and carcinoma) by direct action on Helicobacter pylori. However, there are limited studies on the possible role of AA and its derivatives such as palmitoyl ascorbate (PA) on the growth and survival of H. pylori. In the present study it was demonstrated in vitro that AA in the concentration range 10-20 mg x ml(-1) (50-100 mM) inhibited H. pylori growth in liquid medium under microaerophilic conditions. In contrast, under aerobic conditions AA in the concentration range 2-20 mg x ml(-1) (10-100 mM) significantly increased the survival of H. pylori presumably eliminating the toxic effect of reactive oxygen species on bacterial cells. The hydrophobic derivative of AA, PA (a food antioxidant), demonstrated a strong antibacterial effect, under both aerobic and microaerophilic conditions in the concentration range 0.04-0.4 mg x ml(-1) (0.1-1.0 mM). This effect was also tested on other bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Clostridium sporogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. Among these bacterial strains, PA showed a similar inhibitory effect on B. cereus and B. subtilis as observed with H. pylori. The results suggest that PA may be considered an important AA derivative in eradication of H. pylori in vitro and in vivo and to decrease the risk for gastric diseases.
Outpatient Total Thyroidectomy is Safe for Moderate-Volume Surgeons (2017)

Traditionally, total thyroidectomy (TT) was an inpatient procedure, but recent trends indicate that patients are often discharged on the day of surgery. This has been proven safe for high-volume surgeons but has not been studied for low (<10 TT per year) and moderate volume surgeons (<24 TT per year). Retrospective review was performed for 414 total thyroidectomies between 2005 and 2013. Emergency department visits and readmissions within 30 days of surgery were captured, but were considered the same for the purpose of this analysis. Patients were identified as outpatient if the day of discharge matched the day of surgery. The groups were compared based on demographic variables, comorbidities, postop calcium supplementation, and serum calcium. We found that moderate-volume surgeons were more likely to perform outpatient TT than low-volume surgeons (31.6% vs 6.0%, P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between length of stay and readmission (P = 0.688). Readmitted patients had lower postop serum calcium (8.3 mg/dL) than patients who were not readmitted (8.8 mg/dL, P = 0.006). Our data show that moderate-volume surgeons performing outpatient TT have an acceptable safety profile with respect to emergency department visits and hospital readmissions, and that same day discharge had no bearing on readmission.
The American Psychiatric Nurses Association Responds to the September 11 Tragedy (2002)

This article describes how the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) responded to the September 11 tragedy, as an organization. Also included are anecdotes from APNA members who participated individually in the aftermath of this tragedy. Because such a traumatic event can result in psychiatric disorders, a brief synopsis of these disorders is included. The economic effects of emotional difficulties for our nation are explored, especially those related to the most serious disorder resulting from such a traumatic event, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Strategies that APNA is focusing on for the future, as a result of this tragedy, are presented.
Neural network based toughness prediction in HAZ of low alloy steel produced by temper bead welding repair technology (2013)

The pressure vessels of aged nuclear power plants are needed to repair or maintain, and temper bead welding (TBW) is one effective repair welding method instead of post weld heat treatment. For TBW, toughness is the key criteria to evaluate the tempering effect. A neural network based method for toughness prediction in heat affected zone (HAZ) of low alloy steel has been investigated to evaluate the tempering effect in TBW. On the basis of experimentally obtained database, the new toughness prediction system was constructed by using radial basis function neural network. With it, the toughness distribution in HAZ of TBW was calculated based on the thermal cycles numerically obtained by finite element method (FEM). The predicted toughness was in good accordance with the experimental results. It follows that our new prediction system is effective for estimating the tempering effect during TBW and hence enables us to assess the effectiveness of TBW before the actual repair welding.
Dissection of the Antiviral NK Cell Response by MCMV Mutants (2008)

Our understanding of virus control by natural killer (NK) cells relies mainly on in vitro observations. The significance of these findings for virus control in vivo is not yet fully understood. Complexity is added by the fact that many viruses, particularly herpesviruses, are equipped with sets of genes that, dependent on the genetic background of the host, modify the NK cell response. The advent of recombinant DNA technology and mutagenesis procedures for BAC-cloned viral genomes has made it possible not only to screen for viral proteins with such functions but also to assess their biological relevance. Mutant viruses with gene defects reveal the efficacy and complexity of NK cell control. Here, we describe procedures to assess the NK cell response to mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a prominent virus model for studying NK cell functions in vivo.
Heterocycles. XIV. Efficient Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Racemic Flavonoids (1984)

Stereocontrolled synthesis of the flavonoids ( g , 4 and 3) 1s described.Racemlc taxlfolin (dlhydroquercetin) ( 14) is synthesized by application of this method.Hydroxyflavanonols and flavan-3,4-diols naturally occur in a variety of hartwoods and barks.
Subpixel target detection in hyperspectral images from superpixel background statistics (2016)

In the field of subpixel target detection in hyperspectral images, there is well-documented current interest for identifying preferred background covariance matrix estimates, to be used in the formation of matched-filter detectors. In this work, for the first time, we study the case of local background covariance matrix estimation from SLIC-superpixel based coherent regions. Interestingly, our experiments illustrate that the SLIC-based matched-filter detector can attain performance superior to that of contemporary alternatives which employ different, globally or locally estimated, background statistics.
Rescuing Collective Wisdom when the Average Group Opinion Is Wrong (2017)

The total knowledge contained within a collective supersedes the knowledge of even its most intelligent member. Yet the collective knowledge will remain inaccessible to us unless we are able to find efficient knowledge aggregation methods that produce reliable decisions based on the behavior or opinions of the collective's members. It is often stated that simple averaging of a pool of opinions is a good and in many cases the optimal way to extract knowledge from a crowd. The method of averaging has been applied to analysis of decision-making in very different fields, such as forecasting, collective animal behavior, individual psychology, and machine learning. Two mathematical theorems, Condorcet's theorem and Jensen's inequality, provide a general theoretical justification for the averaging procedure. Yet the necessary conditions which guarantee the applicability of these theorems are often not met in practice. Under such circumstances, averaging can lead to suboptimal and sometimes very poor performance. Practitioners in many different fields have independently developed procedures to counteract the failures of averaging. We review such knowledge aggregation procedures and interpret the methods in the light of a statistical decision theory framework to explain when their application is justified. Our analysis indicates that in the ideal case, there should be a matching between the aggregation procedure and the nature of the knowledge distribution, correlations, and associated error costs. This leads us to explore how machine learning techniques can be used to extract near-optimal decision rules in a data-driven manner. We end with a discussion of open frontiers in the domain of knowledge aggregation and collective intelligence in general.
SOAP4PLC: Web Services for Programmable Logic Controllers (2009)

The use of service-oriented architectures based on web services in the manufacturing layer of industrial enterprises yields vertical integration and promises increased interoperability and flexibility. Unfortunately, two main obstacles complicate the use of web services in the manufacturing layer. First, the hardware/software used in this layer differs from the hardware/software used in other layers. Second, the manufacturing layer is maintained by automation engineers who typically are not familiar with web services. This paper presents the first SOAP engine for programmable logic controllers to advance the use of web services in the manufacturing layer. The engine offers a low memory footprint to respect the low computational power of programmable logic controllers and allows to export web services automatically without intervention of an automation engineer.
Quantifying Source Rock Maturity From Logs: How To Get More Than TOC From Delta Log R (2010)

Abstract Thermal maturity is the primary factor that determines whether a source rock will produce oil, gas, or condensate. Two new methods for estimating the thermal maturity of source rocks from log data have been developed. First, the delta log R equation has been re-arranged to solve for level of maturity and correlated to vitrinite reflectance. Second, a method to determine kerogen density from log and core data is presented. Examples from the Barnett and Woodford Shales of North America show how changes in kerogen density and delta log R relate to source rock maturity and predict whether the formations will produce oil, gas, or condensate.
[Readmission of psychiatric patients hospitalized for the first time--course and predictive factors after 5 years]. (1988)

In this study the course of rehospitalisation after one, 2 1/2 and 5 years was examined in a sample of 113 readmitted patients of different diagnostic groups. In a second step of analysis occupational, sociodemographic and clinical parameters of these patients were related to the readmission after 5 years and studied if these parameters allow a predictive statement. It was shown that 40%-60% (dependent of diagnoses) of the patients were readmitted in a period of 5 years. The course of the rehospitalization also varied in the different diagnostic groups. The most striking result was the rate of readmission of the schizophrenic psychoses which was at the time of the 1 year catamnesis below average after the 2 1/2 years analysis however above average. Besides these findings occupational and clinical predictors were identified in all diagnostic groups with exception of the schizophrenic psychoses group. The results are discussed and attention is put on possible consequences to prevent rehospitalization.
SWITCHABLE DISTANCE-BASED IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORKS FOR A TUNABLE HF SYSTEM (2012)

Distance-based impedance matching networks for a tunable high frequency (HF) system are presented in this paper for the improved performance. The transmitting antenna for a HF system with an operating frequency of 13.56 MHz consists of a two-turn loop and three channel impedance matching networks corresponding to the distance of the receiving antenna. Each impedance matching network maximizes the system performance such as uniform power efficiency and reading range at specific distance between a transmitting and a receiving antenna. By controlling the distance-based matching networks, the power efficiency of the proposed antenna improves by up to 89% compared to the conventional antenna system with the fixed matching (FM) condition for distances, and the reliable reading range according to the impedance matching conditions is also increased. The proposed technique is applicable for near field communication (NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID), or wireless power transfer (WPT) devices.
Growth Defects Of Escherichia Coli Cells Which Contain The Gene Of An -Amylase from Bacillus coagulans on a Multicopy Plasmid (1983)

An alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus coagulans has previously been cloned in Escherichia coli and shown to direct the synthesis of an enzymically active protein of 60,000 Dal (Cornelis et al., 1982). In one particular E. coli host, strain HB101, amylase was found to accumulate in the periplasmic space. To study the processing and the location of the amylase, plasmid pAMY2 was introduced into E. coli 188 which is a strain constitutive for alkaline phosphatase, a periplasmic marker, and for beta-galactosidase, a cytoplasmic marker. Abnormally large amounts of both alpha-amylase and beta-galactosidase were found in the culture fluid of cells grown in rich medium. Furthermore a severe growth defect was found when cells containing pAMY2 were grown in maltose and glycerol media, while the ability to grow on glucose remained normal. This defect could be reversed by two types of spontaneous mutations. Mutations in the first class are located on the plasmid and correspond to the insertional inactivation of the amylase gene by IS1. Mutations in the second class are located on the host chromosome. These results suggest that the synthesis and export of B. coagulans alpha-amylase is deleterious to E. coli, especially in media containing maltose or glycerol as sole carbon source.
Methods for Run-time Failure Recognition and Recovery in dynamic and partial Reconfigurable Systems Based on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGAs (2006)

The rapid development of hardware/software and microelectronic technology enables the realization of more complex systems with new characteristics. These characteristics could lead to further advances in electronic measurement-, control- and regulation systems. The industrial demands of future electronic systems rely on systems to be fault-tolerant, since the complexity increased to the point where it is impossible to detect all errors during the design phase. The ability for a system to recover from a failure requires that incorrect system operation can be detected and analysed during run-time. To achieve this, methods for performing tests of functionalities and components dynamically must be incorporated in the system behaviour during the design phase. This paper presents methods for efficient on-line failure detection, integrated in a reconfigurable system for execution and test of multiple automotive inner cabin functions. These methods also allow a certain degree of failure recovery, and even make it possible for a system to heal itself from more advanced faults. By exploiting the ability of dynamic and partial hardware reconfiguration, the monitoring can also be performed with less hardware overhead since the monitoring functionalities are configured only when they are required.
Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion between an Amorphous Polymer (Polystyrene) and a Semicrystalline Polymer [a Polyamide (Nylon 6)] (2011)

We studied enhanced interfacial adhesion between an amorphous polymer (polystyrene, PS) and a semicrystalline polymer (a polyamide, Ny6). The fracture mechanism for this system was investigated to elicit a universal description on the fracture mechanism. The surface modification of PS to provide functional groups that can react with the functional groups of Ny6 was carried out with ion-beam and/or plasma treatment. These surface modifications were found to alter the interfacial adhesion strength between PS and Ny6. A remarkable enhancement was found with the surface functionalization of PS. Though the fracture toughness was varied depending on the process, its overall behavior was quite similar to that of others; the fracture toughness increased with increasing bonding temperature and bonding time, passed through a peak, and then decreased with a further increase of the bonding time or temperature. The variation of the fracture toughness with the bonding time and temperature can be plausibly explained in terms of two different failure mechanisms of adhesive failure and cohesive failure. This change appears more evidently for the interface between an amorphous polymer and a semicrystalline polymer than the interface between semicrystalline polymer pairs. Surface functionalization could exclude the effect of diffusion, thus clarifying the failure mechanisms occurring at the interface.