gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of Rabies Virus Virulence. I. Selection of Avirulent Mutants of the CVS Strain with Anti-G Monoclonal Antibodies (1982)

SUMMARY Two avirulent mutants of the CVS strain of rabies virus were isolated from clones resistant to one neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The virulence of clones resistant to three other anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies was similar to that of the wild-type.
Mutational analysis of the CD6 ligand binding domain (1997)

CD6 belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein superfamily (SRCRSF), which includes a large number of cell surface proteins. The extracellular region of CD6 is composed of three SRCR domains. The membrane proximal SRCR domain of CD6 (CD6D3) specifically binds activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a cell surface protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). CD6-ligand interactions have been implicated in immune cell adhesion, T cell maturation and the regulation of T cell activation. We tested 13 CD6D3 mutant proteins for binding to ALCAM and a panel of conformationally sensitive anti-CD6D3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CD6D3 residues were classified according to their importance for structural integrity and ligand binding. The results were analyzed in the light of SRCR domain sequence comparison. A number of residues critical for ligand binding or important for structural integrity cluster in the C-terminal region of CD6D3 which is not conserved in other SRCR proteins.
Development of Specific Adsorbents for Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α:  Influence of Antibody Immobilization on Performance and Biocompatibility (2005)

To develop adsorbents for the specific removal of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in extracorporeal blood purification, cellulose microparticles were functionalized either with a monoclonal anti-TNF antibody (mAb) or with recombinant human antibody fragments (Fab). The TNF binding capacity of the adsorbents was determined with in vitro batch experiments using spiked human plasma (spike: 1200 pg TNF/mL; 1 mg particles in 250 muL plasma). Random immobilization of the full-sized monoclonal antibody to periodate-activated cellulose yielded particles with excellent adsorption capacity (258.1 +/- 48.6 pg TNF per mg adsorbent wet weight). No leaching of antibody was detectable, and the adsorbents retained their activity for at least 12 months at 4 degrees C. We found that the conditions used during immobilization of the antibody (pH, nature of the reducing agent) profoundly influenced the biocompatibility of the resulting adsorbents, especially with respect to activation of the complement system. Particles obtained by random immobilization of the monovalent Fab fragments on periodate-activated cellulose using the same conditions as for immobilization of the mAb exhibited only low adsorption capacity (44 +/- 7 pg/mg adsorbent wet weight). Oriented coupling of the Fab fragments on chelate-epoxy cellulose via a C-terminal histidine tag, however, increased the adsorption capacity to 178.3 +/- 8.6 pg TNF/mg adsorbent wet weight. Thus, in the case of small, monovalent ligands, the orientation on the carrier is critical to retain full binding activity.
An improved Yasutomi correlation for viscosity at high pressure (2013)

The Yasutomi temperature–pressure–viscosity correlation is attractive for elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis because it does not require an equation of state for the liquid. However, the original Yasutomi correlation suffers from the appearance of a zero in the function describing the pressure dependence of the relative free volume thermal expansivity. When the original correlation is employed, a liquid with a high inflection pressure lacks the inflection in the predicted pressure–viscosity behavior and a liquid with a low inflection pressure is predicted to have two inflections. A new function removes these concerns and provides improved precision without the need for an equation of state. The improved function gives a more faithful representation of viscosity at even low pressures.
Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of 3C-SiC on α-SiC Substrates. 1. Growth Mechanism (2008)

We report on the heteroepitaxial growth of 3C-SiC layers by a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism on various α-SiC substrates, namely, on- and off-axis for both 4H- and 6H-SiC(0001), Si and C faces. The Si-Ge melts, in which the Si content was varied from 10 to 50 atom%, were fed by 3 sccm of propane. The growth temperature was varied from 1200 to 1600 °C. It was found that single domain 3C-SiC layers can be obtained on 6H-SiC off- and on-axis and 4H-SiC on-axis, while the other types of substrates gave twinned 3C-SiC materials. As a general rule, one has to increase temperature when decreasing the Si content of the melt to avoid twin formation. It was also found that twinned 3C-SiC layers form at low temperatures, while homoepitaxy is achieved at high temperatures. Some growth mechanisms are proposed to explain the possibility of achieving either homoepitaxial or 3C-SiC layers (twinned or twin free) by changing the growth conditions. Concerning the selection of one orientation of the 3C layer for twin elimination, correlation with the carbon solubility in the melt and surface characteristics of the α-SiC seed are discussed.
Kinetic Hindrance during the Initial Oxidation of Pd(100) at Ambient Pressures (2004)

The oxidation of the Pd(100) surface at oxygen pressures in the 10(-6) to 10(3) mbar range and temperatures up to 1000 K has been studied in situ by surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD). The results provide direct structural information on the phases present in the surface region and on the kinetics of the oxide formation. Depending on the (T,p) environmental conditions, we observe either a thin (sqrt[5]xsqrt[5])R27 degrees surface oxide or the growth of a rough, poorly ordered bulk oxide film of PdO predominantly with (001) orientation. By either comparison to the surface phase diagram from first-principles atomistic thermodynamics or by explicit time-resolved measurements we identify a strong kinetic hindrance to the bulk oxide formation even at temperatures as high as 675 K.
Analysis of transaction management performance (1989)

There is currently much interest in incorporating transactions into both operating systems and general-purpose programming languages. This paper provides a detailed examination of the design and performance of the transaction manager of the Camelot system. Camelot is a transaction facility that provides a rich model of transactions intended to support a wide variety of general-purpose applications. The transaction manager's principal function is to execute the protocols that ensure atomicity. The conclusions of this study are: a simple optimization to two-phase commit reduces logging activity of distributed transactions; non-blocking commit is practical for some applications; multithreaded design improves throughput provided that log batching is used; multi-casting reduces the variance of distributed commit protocols in a LAN environment; and the performance of transaction mechanisms such as Camelot depend heavily upon kernel performance.
Qualidade na assistência de enfermagem hospitalar: visão de alunos de graduação (2010)

Qualitative study developed in a public university of São Paulo State, Brazil, to identify the conception of quality of hospital nursing care under the perspective of last year undergraduate nursing students. Semi-structured interviews with 24 students were performed to collect the data and the speeches were analyzed according to Bardin's conceptual framework. The central ideas of the speeches were divided into six categories: holism, humanization, technically and scientifically trained team, promotion of self-care, appropriate management of the units and respecting the safety principles in care. It is concluded that students' view regarding the theme is wide; however it is necessary to incorporate important issues to the concept of quality of hospital care, such as the valorization of team work, the systematization of care and the satisfaction of all actors involved in nursing care.
In vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus–transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells without pretransplant irradiation conditioning (2003)

Infusion of transduced hematopoietic stem cells into nonmyeloablated hosts results in ineffective in vivo levels of transduced cells. To increase the proportion of transduced cells in vivo, selection based on P140K O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT[P140K]) gene transduction and O6-benzylguanine/1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BG/BCNU) treatment has been devised. In this study, we transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) with MGMT(P140K) using a lentiviral vector and infused them into BG/BCNU-conditioned NOD/SCID mice before rounds of BG/BCNU treatment as a model for in vivo selection. Engraftment was not observed until the second round of BG/BCNU treatment, at which time human cells emerged to compose up to 20% of the bone marrow. Furthermore, 99% of human CFCs derived from NOD/SCID mice were positive for provirus as measured by PCR, compared with 35% before transplant and 11% in untreated irradiation-preconditioned mice, demonstrating selection. Bone marrow showed BG-resistant O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT) activity, and CFUs were stained intensely for AGT protein, indicating high transgene expression. Real-time PCR estimates of the number of proviral insertions in individual CFUs ranged from 3 to 22. Selection resulted in expansion of one or more SRC clones containing similar numbers of proviral copies per mouse. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence of potent in vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus-transduced human SRCs following BG/BCNU treatment.
Complexation of lanthanide(III) ions with a β‐diphosphorylated ligand: Nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide (NIPA). A 1H and 31P NMR study (1987)

Abstract Trivalent lanthanide ions form complexes of different stoichiometries with the bidentate ligand nonamethyl‐imidodiphosphoramide (NIPA). Depending on the method of preparation, compounds with two or three NIPA molecules may be obtained, which can be distinguished and characterized on the basis of their NMR spectra. The method of preparation for the tris‐chelates and an analysis of the isotropic paramagnetic shifts for these compounds are reported; the results allow the conclusion that the complexes in solution are isostructural along the lanthanide series. The same conclusion is drawn for the bis‐chelates. In both cases the contact and pseudo‐contact contributions to 31 P shifts are important, whereas for the 1 H nuclei the dipolar contribution is largely predominant.
Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of monodisperse CeO2 nanospheres prepared by PVP-assisted hydrothermal method (2012)

Abstract Ferromagnetism was observed at room temperature in monodisperse CeO 2 nanospheres synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a surfactant. The structure and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical properties of the nanospheres were determined using UV and visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The valence states of Ce ions were also determined using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The XRD results indicated that the synthesized samples had a cubic structure with a crystallite size in the range of approximately 9 to 19 nm. FE-SEM micrographs showed that the samples had a spherical morphology with a particle size in the range of approximately 100 to 250 nm. The samples also showed a strong UV absorption and room temperature PL. The emission might be due to charge transfer transitions from the 4 f band to the valence band of the oxide. The magnetic properties of the samples were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The samples exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism with a small magnetization of approximately 0.0026 to 0.016 emu/g at 10 kOe. Our results indicate that oxygen vacancies could be involved in the ferromagnetic exchange, and the possible mechanism of formation was discussed based on the experimental results.
CCRS: An Optimized Algorithm Based on CRS in Distributed Storage System (2015)

It is well-known that erasure codes, such as Reed-Solomn (RS) and Cauchy Reed-Solumn Codes (CRS), have played an important roles in distributed storage system to both industry and academic. While RS and CRS codes provide significant savings in storage space, they will decrease systems performance while encoding and decoding. In this paper we have developed an optimized algorithm named CCRS (Changed CRS) based on erasure coding technology, which can not only protect the system's reliability, but also improve the utilization of storage space. By studying existing high reliability and space saving rate of coding technology, we imported coding mechanism into distributed storage systems. Theory analysis and simulation test show CCRS algorithm can improve the performance. CCRS algorithm can reduce the number of XOR in Galois field so that we can conclude that CCRS can shorten the time of encoding and decoding. The simulation test results shows that parallel decoding speed can rise up nearly two times than the past serial decoding speed. The encoding efficiency with CCRS coding is 36.1% and 58.2% higher than using CRS and RS coding equally. The decoding rate by using CCRS is 19.3% and 33.1% higher than using CRS and RS averagely.
Building Structures with Damping Systems: From Research to Design Practice (2005)

Research and studies on seismic damping devices and systems started in earnest in the United States in the 1980s. In less than 15 years, damping devices moved from the university laboratory into mainstream design practice. Damping devices, damping systems, analytical tools, design procedures and codes and guidelines have been developed and deployed in building structures. The paper summarizes briefly the research work and describes in some detail the guidelines and codes of practice now available for implementing damping devices in buildings.
Enhancing SNR and generating contrast for cryo-EM images with convolutional neural networks (2020)

Abstract In cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of radiation-sensitive biological samples, both the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast of images are critically important in the image processing pipeline. Classic methods improve low-frequency image contrast experimentally, by imaging with high defocus, or computationally, by applying various types of low-pass filter. These contrast improvements typically come at the expense of high-frequency SNR, which is suppressed by high-defocus imaging and removed by low pass filtration. Here, we demonstrate that a convolutional neural network (CNN) denoising algorithm can be used to significantly enhance SNR and generate contrast in cryo-EM images. We provide a quantitative evaluation of bias introduced by the denoising procedure and its influences on image processing and three-dimensional reconstructions. Our study suggests that besides enhancing the visual contrast of cryo-EM images, the enhanced SNR of denoised images may facilitate better outcomes in the other parts of the image processing pipeline, such as classification and 3D alignment. Overall, our results provide a ground of using denoising CNNs in the cryo-EM image processing pipeline.
Time-Incremental Learning from Data Using Temporal Logics (2021)

Real-time and human-interpretable decision-making in cyber-physical systems is a significant but challenging task, which usually requires predictions of possible future events from limited data. In this paper, we introduce a time-incremental learning framework: given a dataset of labeled signal traces with a common time horizon, we propose a method to predict the label of a signal that is received incrementally over time, referred to as prefix signal. Prefix signals are the signals that are being observed as they are generated, and their time length is shorter than the common horizon of signals. We present a novel decision-tree based approach to generate a finite number of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications from the given dataset, and construct a predictor based on them. Each STL specification, as a binary classifier of time-series data, captures the temporal properties of the dataset over time. The predictor is constructed by assigning time-variant weights to the STL formulas. The weights are learned by using neural networks, with the goal of minimizing the misclassification rate for the prefix signals defined over the given dataset. The learned predictor is used to predict the label of a prefix signal, by computing the weighted sum of the robustness of the prefix signal with respect to each STL formula. The effectiveness and classification performance of our algorithm are evaluated on an urban-driving and a naval-surveillance case studies.
Magnetic contrast agents for optical coherence tomography (2023)

The magneto-mechanical effect is exploited as a means of producing background-free contrast in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Contrast agents consisting of iron-oxide particles and protein microspheres encapsulating colloidal iron-oxide have a sufficiently high magnetic susceptibility to be detected by modulation of a magnetic field gradient using a small solenoid coil. The externally-applied magnetic field mechanically rotates or translates these highly scattering contrast agents within the sample at the modulation frequency, which is subsequently detected as amplitude modulation of the OCT signal. Pairs of sequential axial scans (A-lines) are acquired with the magnetic field on and off, allowing one to build up a pair of images corresponding to the "on" and "off" states of the magnetic field. These image pairs are differenced to look for magnetic-specific effects, allowing one to distinguish the magnetic contrast agents from non-magnetic structures within the sample with a signal-to-background ratio of ∼23dB. This technique has the potential to be very powerful when coupled with targeting for in vivo molecular imaging. To evaluate this potential we demonstrate in vitro imaging of magnetically-labeled macrophage cells embedded in a 3D tissue phantom, in vitro tissue doped with contrast agents, and in vivo imaging of Xenopus laevis (African frog) tadpoles.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of β-Mono-Substituted Ketones and an Application to the Synthesis of a Library of Phlorizin Derivatives (2002)

We describe a novel reaction sequence for the solid-phase synthesis of β-mono-substituted ketones. The methodology involves an aldol condensation reaction, followed by reduction of the resultant double bond and allows the introduction of a range of alkyl chains to solid-linked ketones at α position. Using the methodology we accomplished the synthesis of phlorizin library of 132 compounds using 43 aldehydes and four glycosyl bromides.
Mitigating seismic noise with an acoustic blanket—the promise and the challenge (2005)

Waterborne seismic noise is a broad category encompassing well-known noises like marine multiples, seismic interference noise, noise emanating from offshore structures and propagating into the marine environment, and even borehole-trapped noise. For several years, we have been studying the potential of bubble curtains for suppressing these types of noises.
Bifidobacterium animalis strain DN‐173 010 shortens the colonic transit time in healthy women: a double‐blind, randomized, controlled study (2002)

B. animalis DN-173 010 shortens the colonic transit time in healthy women. This effect is not explained by modifications of the faecal bacterial mass or secondary bile acids.
Renal Vein Renin Ratios and Collateral Vessels in Renovascular Hypertension (1972)

Of 37 patients who underwent successful renal revascularization for unilateral renovascular hypertension, 27 were cured and ten improved. The two most reliable selective criteria for operation were a renin ratio of 1.40 or greater and arteriographic demonstration of collateral channels circumventing the stenotic lesion. Twenty-five patients (68%) had collateral vessels documented arteriographically; 12 did not. Patients lacking collaterals had renin ratios of at least 1.4 with a mean ratio of 2.5. Individuals with collaterals had a mean ratio of 1.8. This suggests that as collaterals develop, ratios revert toward unity. Thirty patients had ratios of 1.4 or greater. Collaterals, indicating a hemodynamically significant lesion, were demonstrated in<i>all</i>seven patients who had ratios under 1.4. These seven patients would have been denied surgical benefit had renin ratios been the only selective criteria.
Activation specificity of arsonate-reactive T cell clones. Structural requirements for hapten recognition and comparison with monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

We describe clones of hapten-specific inducer T cells from (BALB/c X A/J)F1 mice that respond to the p-azobenzenearsonate hapten conjugated to carrier proteins or directly conjugated to antigen-presenting cells. Some of the clones are also activated by haptens structurally related to arsonate. All activating analogues are recognized by each clone in association with the same major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein as is arsonate. Weakly activating and nonactivating analogues are immunogenic in D2.GD amd (BALB/c X A/J)F1 mice, since they can effectively activate primed lymph node cells or long-term hapten-reactive cell lines. Hence the specificities of these clones may reflect their intrinsic recognition of arsonate and its analogues, rather than more efficient presentation of certain analogues than of others by antigen-presenting cells, or differential recognition of associated MHC epitopes by the clones. We compare the activation specificities of the clones with the binding specificities of monoclonal antibodies to arsonate, and discuss structural features of the analogues that may be important for activation and binding. Our results suggest that a site (or subsite) on arsonate-reactive T cell clones may interact directly with hapten, and may be experimentally separable from the site (or subsite) for MHC determinants.
Simultaneous monitoring of heart rate and motion to assess energy expenditure (1997)

Measurement of energy expenditure in free-living individuals represents a methodologic challenge in epidemiologic research. Heart rate monitors, while closely tied to energy expenditure at high levels of energy output, provide much less predictive power at low levels; however, measurement of motion may improve the predictive ability. This study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of simultaneously monitoring heart rate and motion for the estimation of energy expenditure. Ten subjects were studied during simulated activities of daily living (ADLC) and submaximal treadmill tests. Compared to direct measurement, the motion sensor predicted oxygen consumption poorly (r2 = 0.53) for both tests. Heart rate measured simultaneously yielded an r2 of 0.81 for ADLC and 0.90 for the treadmill. Addition of motion data increased the r2 value for the ADLC for all but one individual and increased the group mean from 0.81 to 0.86. This improvement was not observed for the treadmill, confirming the hypothesis that the principle value of monitoring motion occurs at lower heart rates.
Trust in M2M communication (2009)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is viewed as one of the next frontiers in wireless communications. M2M communication applications and scenarios are growing and lead the way to new business cases. Because of the nature of M2M scenarios, involving unguarded, distributed devices, new security threats emerge. The use case scenarios for M2M communication also address the new requirement on flexibility, because of deployment scenarios of the M2ME in the field. We believe that these new requirements require a paradigm shift. One important pillar of such a shift will be a new, more balanced mix of device-centric trust and traditional enforcement of security properties.