gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Focused Microwave‐Assisted Extraction and HPLC with Electrochemical Detection to Determine Heterocyclic Amines in Meat Extracts (2006)

Abstract A method for the determination of 11 heterocyclic amines (HAs) in meat extracts by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is proposed. The chromatographic method is optimized to obtain both polar and less polar amines in the same chromatographic run, which is a difficult task when using electrochemical detection. The extraction of the meat extracts is carried out using a focused microwave system, a technique applied for first‐time in the extraction of these analytes. The microwave extraction process takes only 5 minutes, an improvement on the extraction times for methods commonly applied to heterocyclic amines in food samples. This screening method allows us to determine HAs in meat extracts with average recoveries of 81.2%, 76.4%, 66.7%, 60.3%, and 63.8%, for granulated meat extract, non‐granulated meat extract, chicken extract, and soup cubes (brands A and B), respectively. The proposed method has an intermediate precision ranging from 6.1 to 12.8%, and detection limits between 0.16 and 2.68 ng.
Estimation of Axial DNBR Distribution at the Hot Pin Position of a Reactor Core Using Fuzzy Neural Networks (2004)

The pressurized water reactor (PWR) generally operates in the forced convection or nucleate boiling regime. However, if the fuel rod is operating at a high power density, the nucleate boiling that is characterized by extremely high heat transfer rates becomes film boiling with severely reduced heat transfer capability, which is called Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB). In this work, the axial DNB Ratio (DNBR) distribution at the hot pin position is predicted by the fuzzy neural networks using the measured signals of the reactor coolant system. The fuzzy neural network is a fuzzy inference system equipped with a training algorithm. The fuzzy neural network is trained by a hybrid method combined with a back-propagation algorithm and a least-squares algorithm. The proposed method is applied to the first cycle of the Yonggwang 3 nuclear power plant. The relative 2-sigma error averaged for 13 axial locations of the hot rod is 1.97%. The fuzzy neural networks estimate DNBRs more accurately at central parts that have relatively lower DNBR values which are more important in safety aspects. From these simulation results, it is known that this algorithm can provide reliable protection and monitoring information for the nuclear power plant operation and diagnosis by accurately predicting the DNBR each time step.
Physical procedures for the separation of blood and marrow cells. (1989)

Most of the questions being asked in contemporary experimental hematology research can be framed in terms of the properties of the individual cells in the system and the interactions among those cells. Physical separation procedures are among the most powerful methods for the purification of homogeneous cell populations, and during the past decades, thousands of reports have described the separation of many different cells using these techniques. Theoretical and technical improvements have been rapidly transferred from the research laboratory into the construction of blood cell separation machines, which have proved of exceptional support in the practice of clinical hematology.
Sc promoted and aerogel confined Ni catalysts for coking-resistant dry reforming of methane (2017)

Sc promoted and aerogel confined Ni catalysts were developed for coking-resistant dry reforming of methane.
Evolution of defect complexes in InGaAsN (2005)

The thermal annealing of nitrogen related traps in p-type InGaAsN and GaAsN is investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Upon annealing, an apparent recovery of the photovoltaic properties correlates with changes in the DLTS data observed for InGaAsN and GaAsN diodes and solar cells, revealing that a nitrogen related E1 (E/sub C/-0.20 eV) center has an important role in governing the solar cell performance. The large electron capture cross section (/spl sim/8.9 /spl times/ 10/sup -15/ cm/sup 2/) of this center indicates that this defect may act as an efficient recombination center. Therefore, its complete removal by annealing or by some other process is essential for the high performance of GaInAsN solar cells. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) data were modeled to quantify the change in material properties associated with this improvement upon annealing. Annealed cells with indium impurity (InGaAsN) show a slightly higher photoresponse, which could be due to low scattering caused by In-N pair formation after annealing.
Low Complexity MIMO Modulation Classification via Distribution Test Ensembles (2019)

Modulation classification in MIMO systems needs to overcome its complexity demand to be viable in a real world environment. The number of mathematics operations required by the state-of-the-art maximum likelihood classifier grows exponentially with the number of transmitting antennas and the orders of candidate modulations. In this paper, we propose a low complexity MIMO system modulation classifier by combining multiple magnitude-based distribution tests using a simple Multi-layer perceptron. The resulting solution provides good classification performance in AWGN channel while outperforming the maximum likelihood classifier in fading channels. Moreover, its computational complexity is much lower and does not scale with the number of transmitting antennas or the orders of candidate modulations.
A Simple and Efficient Two-Step Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triiodoarenes via Consecutive C–H Iodination/ipso-Iododecarboxylation Strategy: A Potential Application towards ortho-Diiodoarenes by Regioselective Metal–Iodine Exchange Reaction (2014)

A general, robust, and efficient method for the conversion of benzoic acids to 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes via a two-step synthesis is reported. Commercially available benzoic acids were used that can allow the reactions to be performed on multi-gram scales with good-to-excellent yields. This report discloses a practical method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes that is general in scope, scalable, and easy to workup and purify. A potential application of the target compounds as precursors for novel regioselective metal–iodine exchange reaction of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes was also demonstrated. It provided ortho-diiodoaryl derivatives in a high regioselective fashion that are useful intermediates in synthesis and indeed are hard to synthesize by any other means.
Development of a Thyroid Hormone Analogue for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (1996)

The possibility that thyroid hormone or a thyroid hormone analogue that improves cardiac performance might be useful in the treatment of heart failure has-been examined. In the rat postinfarction model of heart failure, treatment with low doses (1.5 micrograms/100 g) of thyroxine (T4) for 3 days produced a positive inotropic response, including an increase in left ventricular (LV) dP/dt and a decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). When treatment with T4 was continued at the same or higher doses (3 to 15 micrograms/100 g) for 10-12 days, heart rate was increased and improvement in LVEDP was not sustained. To identify an analogue with a more favorable hemodynamic profile, single- and double-ring compounds related to T4 were screened for thyromimetic activity in heart cell cultures and for their ability to bind thyroid hormone receptors. One of the analogues selected, 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA), was found to have inotropic selectivity in hypothyroid rats. When administered (375 micrograms/100 g) to rats with ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction in combination with captopril, there was improvement of the resting and stressed cardiac index and LV filling pressure. Similar improvement in cardiac performance was obtained when DITPA was administered to rabbits after infarction. Thus a thyroid hormone analogue with inotropic selectivity may be a useful adjunct to other measures in the treatment of heart failure.
Advanced Glycation End Products in Health and Disease (2022)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed through the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with the side-chain amino groups of lysine or arginine of proteins, followed by further glycoxidation reactions under oxidative stress conditions, are involved in the onset and exacerbation of a variety of diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as in the secondary stages of traumatic brain injury (TBI). AGEs, in the form of intra- and interprotein crosslinks, deactivate various enzymes, exacerbating disease progression. The interactions of AGEs with the receptors for the AGEs (RAGE) also result in further downstream inflammatory cascade events. The overexpression of RAGE and the AGE-RAGE interactions are especially involved in cases of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Maillard reactions are also observed in the gut bacterial species. The protein aggregates found in the bacterial species resemble those of AD and Parkinson's disease (PD), and AGE inhibitors increase the life span of the bacteria. Dietary AGEs alter the gut microbiota composition and elevate plasma glycosylation, thereby leading to systemic proinflammatory effects and endothelial dysfunction. There is emerging interest in developing AGE inhibitor and AGE breaker compounds to treat AGE-mediated pathologies, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Gut-microbiota-derived enzymes may also function as AGE-breaker biocatalysts. Thus, AGEs have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, and the AGE inhibitor and AGE breaker approach may lead to novel therapeutic candidates.
Experimental test of photonic entanglement in accelerated reference frames (2017)

The unification of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics is a long-standing challenge in contemporary physics. Experimental techniques in quantum optics have only recently reached the maturity required for the investigation of quantum systems under the influence of non-inertial motion, such as being held at rest in gravitational fields, or subjected to uniform accelerations. Here, we report on experiments in which a genuine quantum state of an entangled photon pair is exposed to a series of different accelerations. We measure an entanglement witness for g-values ranging from 30 mg to up to 30 g-under free-fall as well on a spinning centrifuge-and have thus derived an upper bound on the effects of uniform acceleration on photonic entanglement.
Factors Affecting Usage Levels and Trends of Innovative Oncology Drugs Upon and After Reimbursement Under Taiwan National Health Insurance: Interrupted Time Series Analysis (2020)

Healthcare expenditure on pharmaceuticals, especially innovative oncology drugs, is escalating. Current knowledge on this topic is largely limited to studies conducted upon reimbursement of new drugs. We investigated how endogenous factors (e.g., changed reimbursement criteria, such as an expanded indication) and exogenous factors (e.g., competing drugs) affect the level and trends of innovative oncology drug utilization in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) system, both upon reimbursement and afterward. This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed monthly data (January 2009 to December 2014) from the NHI Research Database on the consumption (prescribing volume) of 15 innovative oncology drugs reimbursed by the NHI between 2007 and 2013. Effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on drug utilization were evaluated using interrupted time series analyses. In segmented regression analyses, changed drug prescribing volume after the indication expanded (endogenous factor) was statistically significant; however, drug volume did not change significantly after prescription restrictions changed. First-competitors and non-first-competitors (exogenous factors) were significantly associated with drug prescription levels or utilization rates. Taking sorafenib as an example, the post-reimbursement drug prescribing volume did not change significantly after its therapy line changed (endogenous factor), whereas the reimbursement of first-competitors (exogenous factor) was significantly associated with a lower level or usage rate of sorafenib. Utilization of innovative oncology drugs in Taiwan changed dramatically after NHI reimbursement, driven largely by expanded indications and new competitors. Drug utilization evaluations should investigate both endogenous and exogenous factors.
Synchronous-Motor Pulling-Into-Step Phenomena Mathematical Solutions of Various Idealized Differential Equations of Motion Made Upon the Differential Analyzer (1933)

The Differential Analyzer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has made possible the rapid and accurate solution of the idealized non-linear differential equations of motion of synchronous motors which describe the pulling-into-step transients. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of these solutions in a useable form. These results give a rather complete analysis of the phenomena, and thus enable the determination of the performance of practically any machine. One of the factors which is considered in this paper is the time constant of the field circuit with the armature short-circuited. Curves are given showing the additional load which may be synchronized when the field switching is angularly controlled to the best angle. The influence of salient poles has been considered as well as non-uniformity of the amortisseur winding. The practical application of the study is indicated by a numerical example.
PREVALENCE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS ANDCOXIELLA BURNETIIIN WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) IN NEW YORK AND PENNSYLVANIA (2012)

Significant pathogens of domestic livestock and public-health related pathogens, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Coxiella burnetii, are commonly diagnosed in some wildlife species. BVDV is an economically important pathogen of domestic bovids and Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic bacterium. As a result of recent shifting patterns of disease, it is critical that baseline information regarding the status of both significant pathogens of domestic livestock and public-health related pathogens are established for commonly encountered wildlife such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). White-tailed deer are susceptible to both BVDV and C. burnetii infection, and the purpose of this study was to investigate for the presence of antibodies to these two pathogens in New York and Pennsylvania white-tailed deer. Exposure to BVDV and C. burnetii was determined using sera collected from 333 (219 males and 114 females) wild white-tailed deer in New York and 291 (130 males and 161 females) wild white-tailed deer from Pennsylvania. Samples were collected from hunter-harvested deer in central New York State in 2009 and live-captured deer in Pennsylvania in 2010. Sera were screened for anti-BVDV antibodies via a commercial blocking BVDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coxiella burnetii phase II whole-cell antigen-coated slides were used to screen sera via an indirect microimmunofluorescence assay. Antibody prevalence was compared by sex class and location of collection. Deer in New York had higher antibody prevalence to BVDV (6.01%) than did deer in Pennsylvania (0.34%). Conversely, C. burnetii phase II antibodies were more common in Pennsylvania (20.96%) than in New York (14.41%). No statistically significant difference between locations was observed in either BVDV or C. burnetii antibody prevalence when data were analyzed by sex-class. Overall, C. burnetii seroprevalence was not significantly higher in Pennsylvania than in New York.
Zinc deficiency suppresses p21 transcriptional activity in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells (2006)

We previously reported a slower G 1 /S cell cycle progression in zinc‐deficient HepG2 cells. Since p21 is one of the major cell cycle regulators, the influence of zinc status on its expression was examined. Cells were cultured for one passage in media with different levels of zinc: &lt; 0.1 and 0.4 μM as severe (ZD) and mild zinc‐deficient (ZD0.4) media, respectively; 4.0 μM as in most cell culture media (ZN); 16 μM as in normal human plasma zinc level (ZA); and 32 μM to represent human plasma zinc level attained by oral supplementation (ZS). In both ZD and ZD0.4 cells, the p21 mRNA and nuclear protein levels were markedly repressed to about 60% and 40% of ZN cells, respectively. In contrast, they were not altered in ZA and ZS cells as compared to ZN cells. To prove the observed reduction in mRNA and protein level is caused by promoter activity and accessibility, the transient transfection assay of p21 promoter‐reporter construct and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, respectively, were performed. The p21 promoter activity of ZD and ZD0.4 cells was reduced to about 65% of ZN cells. While the amounts of acetylated histone 4 associated with the proximal and distal promoter regions of p21 were also depressed in ZD and ZD0.4 cells to about 73% and 82% of ZN cells, respectively. However, both promoter activity and accessibility were not altered in ZA and ZS cells as compared to ZN cells. Thus, the present data indicate that the p21 transcriptional process is depressed in zinc‐deficient HepG2 cells.
Early Commercial Experience with a Novel Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Heart Valve: 30-Day Outcomes and Implications of Preprocedural Computed Tomography (2021)

Objectives: Due to marked improvements of transcatheter heart valves (THV) and delivery systems, increased operators experience, and advances of imaging modalities, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a routine procedure for treatment of aortic valve stenosis. One of the most frequently used THV is the balloon-expandable (BE) Sapien 3 (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, CA, US). The recently introduced successor, the Sapien 3 Ultra (S3U) THV system, consists of a larger outer skirt to improve protection against residual paravalvular leakage (PVL) and was initially launched with a preloaded valve delivery system and the novel Axela sheath. We herein report a single-center experience with the S3U balloon-expandable (BE) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) system.
Genome-Scale ChIP-Chip Analysis Using 10,000 Human Cells (2007)

The technique of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful method for identifying in vivo DNA binding sites of transcription factors and for studying chromatin modifications. Unfortunately, the large number of cells needed for the standard ChIP protocol has hindered the analysis of many biologically interesting cell populations that are difficult to obtain in large numbers. New ChIP methods involving the use of carrier chromatin have been developed that allow the one-gene-at-a-time analysis of very small numbers of cells. However such methods are not useful if the resultant sample will be applied to genomic microarrays or used in ChIP-sequencing assays. Therefore, we have miniaturized the ChIP protocol such that as few as 10,000 cells (without the addition of carrier reagents) can be used to obtain enough sample material to analyze the entire human genome. We demonstrate the reproducibility of this MicroChIP technique using 2.1 million feature high-density oligonucleotide arrays and antibodies to RNA polymerase II and to histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 27 or lysine 9.
Cre/lox-Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange for Reversible Site-Specific Genomic Targeting of the Disease Vector, Aedes aegypti (2017)

Site-specific genome modification (SSM) is an important tool for mosquito functional genomics and comparative gene expression studies, which contribute to a better understanding of mosquito biology and are thus a key to finding new strategies to eliminate vector-borne diseases. Moreover, it allows for the creation of advanced transgenic strains for vector control programs. SSM circumvents the drawbacks of transposon-mediated transgenesis, where random transgene integration into the host genome results in insertional mutagenesis and variable position effects. We applied the Cre/lox recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) system to Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In this context we created four target site lines for RMCE and evaluated their fitness costs. Cre-RMCE is functional in a two-step mechanism and with good efficiency in Ae. aegypti. The advantages of Cre-RMCE over existing site-specific modification systems for Ae. aegypti, phiC31-RMCE and CRISPR, originate in the preservation of the recombination sites, which 1) allows successive modifications and rapid expansion or adaptation of existing systems by repeated targeting of the same site; and 2) provides reversibility, thus allowing the excision of undesired sequences. Thereby, Cre-RMCE complements existing genomic modification tools, adding flexibility and versatility to vector genome targeting.
Fer1L5, a Dysferlin Homologue Present in Vesicles and Involved in C2C12 Myoblast Fusion and Membrane Repair (2020)

Fer1L5 is a dysferlin and myoferlin related protein, which has been predicted to have a role in vesicle trafficking and muscle membrane fusion events. Mutations in dysferlin and otoferlin genes cause heredity diseases: muscular dystrophy and deafness in humans, respectively. Dysferlin is implicated in membrane repair. Myoferlin has a role in myogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of the Fer1L5 protein during myoblast fusion and membrane repair. To study the functions of Fer1L5 we used confocal microscopy, biochemical fractionation, Western blot analysis and multiphoton laser wounding assay. By immunolabelling, Fer1L5 was detected in vesicular structures. By biochemical fractionation Fer1L5 was observed in low density vesicles. Our studies show that the membranes of Fer1L5 vesicles are non-resistant to non-ionic detergent. Partial co-staining of Fer1L5 with other two ferlin vesicles, respectively, was observed. Fer1L5 expression was highly detected at the fusion sites of two apposed C2C12 myoblast membranes and its expression level gradually increased at D2 and reached a maximum at day 4 before decreasing during further differentiation. Our studies showed that Fer1L5 has fusion defects during myoblast fusion and impaired membrane repair when the C2C12 cultures were incubated with inhibitory Fer1L5 antibodies. In C2C12 cells Fer1L5 vesicles are involved in two stages, the fusion of myoblasts and the formation of large myotubes. Fer1L5 also plays a role in membrane repair.
Ultra-Low-Dose Computed Tomography Subtraction for the Detection of Synovitis in Patients with Inflammatory Joint Disease (2019)

Introduction: Enhancement after contrast injection is a key imaging finding in patients with active inflammatory joint disease. The aim of this study was to prove the feasibility of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULD-CT) with contrast injection for the detection of active inflammation in patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis.