gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shadow-invariant classification for scenes illuminated by daylight (2000)

A physics-based method for shadow compensation in scenes illuminated by daylight is proposed. If the daylight is represented by a simplified form of the blackbody law and the camera filters are of infinitely narrow bandwidth, the relationship between red/blue (rm) and green/blue (gm) ratios as the blackbody's temperature changes is a simple power law where the exponent is independent of the surface reflectivity. When the CIE daylight model is used instead of the blackbody and finite bandwidths for the camera are assumed, it is shown that the power law still holds with a slight change to the exponent. This means that images can be transformed into a map of rm/gmA and then thresholded to yield a shadow-independent classification. Exponent A can be precalculated from the CIE daylight model and the camera filter characteristics. Results are shown for four outdoor images that contain sunny and shadowed parts with vegetation and background. It is shown that the gray-level distributions of the pixels in the transformed images are quite similar for a given component whether or not it is in shadow. The transformation leads to bimodal histograms from which thresholds can easily be selected to give good classifications.
Real-Time Adaptive Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Vehicles (2020)

The recent development of deep neural networks attempts to go deeper through the layered architecture to solve complex problems. As expected, the deepening impacts the processing times for inferences in tasks like object classification and localization. This demands solutions for balancing computational resource requirements and extend the versatility of a given model to suit a variety of applications. Often the solutions rely on architectural modifications to ease training times while achieving more accurate results. In this work, we propose a multistage algorithm with an initial stage adopting the YOLOv3 network for object detection and HART approach for object tracking. This is followed by an adaptive post-localization stage shift system taking into consideration the processing times of stage inferences, which are the number of located objects in image sequences. The goal is to change the localization strategy to achieve optimal processing time performance. For evaluation, we present results in terms of precision and processing times in varying traffic conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive multistage model in comparison to other real-time state-of-the-art detection strategies, as it achieves a frame rate gain of 49% over YOLOv3 while maintaining competitive task accuracy.
Temperature and Refractive Index Measurements Using Long-Period Fiber Gratings Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser (2011)

Long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with different periods in the standard single mode fiber were fabricated, using laser direct writing method, by femtosecond laser pulses with pulse width of 200 fs and the repetition rate of 250 kHz at a center wavelength of 800 nm in air. Comparative with bare LPFG in temperature sensor, LPFG had been encapsulated using large coefficient of thermal expansion of epoxy polymer and Aluminum to enhance the temperature sensitivity. The results showed that the temperature sensitivity of encapsulated LPFG was 2 times than that of bare LPFG. In addition, we also researched the relationship between resonant wavelength and surrounding refractive index （SRI）when LPFG immersed in refractive index of solution of different index at 20 degree Celsius.
Postnatal persistence of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in late fetal growth restriction (2021)

Fetal growth restriction is one of the most common obstetric complications, affecting 7-10% of all pregnancies. Affected fetuses are exposed to an adverse environment in utero during a critical time of development and may face long-term health consequences such as increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Growth restricted fetuses develop remodeled hearts with signs of systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac adaptations are more evident in early severe cases, but also present in late onset fetal growth restriction. Cardiovascular remodeling persists into postnatal life, from the neonatal period to adolescence, encompassing an increased susceptibility to adult disease. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on cardiovascular programming associated to fetal growth restriction, its postnatal consequences and potential strategies to reduce their cardiovascular risk.
TheUNIXSystem: A Network of Computers Running theUNIXSystem (1984)

This paper discusses experience in designing software to interconnect large numbers of processors that are based on the UNIX™ operating system over a high-speed local area network. The paper discusses portability of the implementation between different processors and operating systems based on the UNIX system, the influence of different schedulers, input/output subsystems, and different speed processors on the implementation and performance of the network. Also discussed are characteristics of network usage, such as traffic patterns, throughput, and response.
Performance comparisons of ABT/IT and DT in ATM networks (2002)

ATM block transfer (ABT) is promising for effectively transferring highly bursty data traffic in ATM networks. We develop an approximate analysis for two types of ABT (ABT/DT and ABT/IT) to discuss performance comparisons of ABT/IT and DT. Through numerical examples, we show that ABT/DT is quite sensitive to propagation delays while ABT/IT is not. We next investigate the performance improvement by dynamic bandwidth negotiation, which is applicable to ABT/DT. Bandwidth reduction methods in both of ABT/DT and IT are also examined. Simulation results show that the bandwidth negotiation can improve the performance of ABT/DT, and that in the case of short propagation delays, it outperforms even ABT/IT in terms of throughput. However, it is obtained at the expense of the increased burst transmission times. On the other hand, the bandwidth reduction allows a flexible use of the bandwidth, leading to fairly good performance in all parameter regions.
Cardiovascular adverse events are associated with usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors in real-world clinical data across the United States (2021)

Our findings underscore the importance of risk stratification and cardiovascular monitoring for patients on ICI therapy.
Site‐Specific Preparation of 2‐Carboalkoxy‐4‐substituted Naphthalenes and 9‐Alkylphenanthrenes and Evidence for an Allene Intermediate in the Novel Base‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylbiphenyls. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Monte Carlo evaluation of non-linear scattering equations for subsurface reflection (2000)

We describe a new mathematical framework for solving a wide variety of rendering problems based on a non-linear integral scattering equation. This framework treats the scattering functions of complex aggregate objects as first-class rendering primitives; these scattering functions accurately account for all scattering events inside them. We also describe new techniques for computing scattering functions from the composition of scattering objects. We demonstrate that solution techniques based on this new approach can be more efficient than previous techniques based on radiance transport and the equation of transfer and we apply these techniques to a number of problems in rendering scattering from complex surfaces.
Maintenance of Chloroplast Components during Chromoplast Differentiation in the Tomato Mutant Green Flesh (1993)

During ripening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit, chloroplasts develop into chromoplasts. The chloroplast-chromoplast transition is marked by the accumulation of carotenoids and the disappearance of chlorophyll, the degradation of the highly structured thylakoid membrane system, and a reduction in the levels of proteins and mRNAs associated with photosynthesis. In the tomato mutant green flesh (gf), detectable amounts of chlorophyll remain in the ripe, mutant fruit, giving rise to a rusty red fruit color and suggesting that at least chlorophyll degradation is defective in the mutant. We show here that the ultrastructure of the plastids in the ripe gf fruit maintained significant amouonts of the chloroplast thylakoid grana along with structures characteristic of tomato chromoplasts. The maintenance of chloroplast structure in the gf ripe fruit was paralleled on the molecular level by the retention of plastid photosynthetic components that normally decline significantly in ripening tomato fruits. These included the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins of photosystem II, the second electron accepting plastoquinone of photosystem II binding protein, the large and small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, the 33-kD oxygen evolution protein, and cytochrome b559. Similarly, photosynthetic transcripts, cab, psbA, rbcL, rbcS, and psbE mRNAs, also accumulated to higher levels in ripening gf fruit than wild type. It is interesting that the levels of some of these transcripts, especially cab mRNA, were noticeably higher in the mature gf green fruit than in the corresponding wild-type fruit. This suggests that the onset of the effect from the gf mutation might be earlier than fruit ripening. We also observed that when chloroplast formation was blocked during the development and ripening of gf fruit, these mutant fruits were bright red and their chromoplasts were indistinguishable from those found in wild-type ripe fruits grown and ripened either in the dark or in the light. These results suggest that the lesion in gf may alleviate conditions associated with chloroplast deterioration during the chloroplast-chromoplast transition in tomato ripening but has no direct effect on chromoplast differentiation per se. The ultrastructure of gf provides unequivocal evidence that, in ripening tomato, chromoplasts indeed differentiate from preexisting chloroplasts; on the other hand, chromoplast differentiation in the dark-matured and -ripened tomato fruits indicates that chromoplast development can be a process entirely independent of the chloroplasts.
Bacteria in Crude Oil Survived Autoclaving and Stimulated Differentially by Exogenous Bacteria (2012)

Autoclaving of crude oil is often used to evaluate the hydrocarbon-degrading abilities of bacteria. This may be potentially useful for bioaugmentation and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). However, it is not entirely clear if "endogenous" bacteria (e.g., spores) in/on crude oil survive the autoclaving process, or influence subsequent evaluation of the hydrocarbon-degradation abilities of the "exogenous" bacterial strains. To test this, we inoculated autoclaved crude oil medium with six exogenous bacterial strains (three Dietzia strains, two Acinetobacter strains, and one Pseudomonas strain). The survival of the spore-forming Bacillus and Paenibacillus and the non-spore-forming mesophilic Pseudomonas, Dietzia, Alcaligenes, and Microbacterium was detected using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. However, neither bacteria nor bacterial activity was detected in three controls consisting of non-inoculated autoclaved crude oil medium. These results suggest that detection of endogenous bacteria was stimulated by the six inoculated strains. In addition, inoculation with Acinetobacter spp. stimulated detection of Bacillus, while inoculation with Dietzia spp. and Pseudomonas sp. stimulated the detection of more Pseudomonas. In contrast, similar exogenous bacteria stimulated similar endogenous bacteria at the genus level. Based on these results, special emphasis should be applied to evaluate the influence of bacteria capable of surviving autoclaving on the hydrocarbon-degrading abilities of exogenous bacteria, in particular, with regard to bioaugmentation and MEOR. Bioaugmentation and MEOR technologies could then be developed to more accurately direct the growth of specific endogenous bacteria that may then improve the efficiency of treatment or recovery of crude oil.
Shape oscillations of human neutrophil leukocytes: characterization and relationship to cell motility (1996)

When neutrophil leukocytes are stimulated by chemotactic factors or by substratum contact, they change their shape. Shape changes are a prerequisite for cellular migration and typically involve the extrusion of thin, veil-like lamellipods and the development of morphological polarity. Stimulation also leads to changes in the neutrophil content of filamentous actin (F-actin), which is the major cytoskeletal component. Suspensions of human neutrophils stimulated with chemoattractants exhibit sinusoidal light-scattering oscillations with a period of approximately 8 s at 37 degrees C. These oscillations arise from periodic fluctuations in the cell body size caused by lamellipod extension and retraction cycles. The light-scattering oscillations are paralleled by corresponding oscillations in F-actin content. This raises the interesting possibility that cyclic actin polymerization constitutes the driving force for shape oscillations of suspended neutrophils. Similar periodic shape changes are present in neutrophils crawling on a surface, suggesting that shape oscillations are important for neutrophil motion. This review summarizes our present knowledge about shape oscillations in suspended and crawling neutrophils and discusses a possible role for these oscillations in neutrophil motility.
Simple, efficient and reliable method for the preparation of β-tricalcium phosphate (2021)

The solid-state reaction of CaHPO4 with CaCO3 in a ratio > 2: 1 at 1350 °C led to the formation of α-tricalcium phosphate, the subsequent sintering of which at 850 °C gave a homogeneous phase of β-tricalcium phosphate, which does not contain crystalline impurities.
Justifying, Specifying, and Verifying Performance of Aerating Turbines (1999)

Owners of hydropower facilities face increasing demands to reduce or eliminate environmental concerns arising from the impoundment and control of once-natural stream flows. These demands, which are rooted in a complex mélange of technical, political, social, legal, and economic factors, are typically applied through regulatory criteria for mitigating the impact of hydro projects on aquatic habitat. The improvement of low dissolved oxygen (DO) in reservoir releases is a major environmental concern for projects with moderate to heavy amounts of organic sediments. When applicable, turbine aeration often is the most cost-effective technology for providing DO improvements. However, opportunities to solve DO-related water quality problems by turbine methods are often overlooked. In some cases this is due to ambiguous accountability for the low DO problem. In other cases, it is due to limited awareness of abating turbine capabilities, limited support for research and development, or a lack of industry-accepted procedures for the analysis and design of these turbines. This paper presents a brief summary of guiding principles used for justifying, specifying, and verifying the performance of aerating turbines. Examples are given for Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) hydro projects using turbine aeration. A defensible project justification for turbine aeration requires a reliable determination of the site-specific environmental and hydraulic capabilities of aerating turbines and the ability to express these capabilities in economic terms. Specification requirements must define the desired environmental and hydraulic guarantees to be achieved by an aerating turbine, including the operating conditions for the evaluation. Verification is also needed to determine conformance to proposed environmental and hydraulic guarantees, and measurement uncertainty can have a significant impact
Structural and Surface Characterization of Pure and Sulfated Iron Oxides (2003)

Iron oxide catalysts, pure and surface-doped with variable amounts of sulfate groups, have been prepared and characterized by means of electron microscopy (HR-TEM), N2-adsorption at 77 K (BET area and porosity), X-ray diffraction (XRD), adsorption microcalorimetry, and various spectroscopic techniques (UV−Vis, Raman, and FTIR). The catalysts were prepared from aqueous solutions of ammonia and iron nitrate, with production of an amorphous precipitate that transformed into α-Fe2O3 upon calcination at 773 K. The sulfation of iron oxide was carried out by adding two dosed amounts of aqueous (NH4)2SO4 to the starting hydroxide, as normally done for the preparation of other sulfated oxidic catalysts. Nominal sulfate loadings of 2 and 8 wt % were obtained, corresponding to ∼1.4 and ∼4.1 sulfate groups per nm2, respectively. The use of various experimental techniques allowed the description of the morphological and structural aspects of the systems, whereas in-situ IR spectroscopy of adsorbed probe-molecules (e.g., CO, CO2, and 2,6-dimethylpyridine) and the combined use of IR spectroscopy and microcalorimetry of CO adsorption at room temperature were used to characterize surface acidity and basicity. TEM, XRD, and BET measurements indicate that the presence of sulfate groups does not modify the crystalline structure of α-Fe2O3, but decreases crystallites size and, consequently, increases specific surface area. The presence of sulfates increases the strength of surface Lewis acidity, but the overall amount of Lewis acid sites decreases, while few Brønsted acidic sites of medium-low strength are produced. Surface basicity of iron oxide, mainly tested by the adsorption of CO2 and formation of surface carbonate-like species, is gradually decreased by sulfates, but not suppressed. The vacuum reducibility of iron oxide (which can be spectroscopically evidenced both by a color change (UV−Vis spectra) and by the formation, upon CO adsorption, of surface carbonyl-like species with a π-back-donation component (IR spectra)) turns out to be dramatically hindered by the presence of surface sulfates.
Reductive alkylation of .beta.-alkanolamines with carbonyl compounds and sodium borohydride (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive alkylation of .beta.-alkanolamines with carbonyl compounds and sodium borohydrideJoseph E. SaavedraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 13, 2271–2273Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00213a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00213a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1866Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Test–retest reliability of freesurfer measurements within and between sites: Effects of visual approval process (2015)

In the last decade, many studies have used automated processes to analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data such as cortical thickness, which is one indicator of neuronal health. Due to the convenience of image processing software (e.g., FreeSurfer), standard practice is to rely on automated results without performing visual inspection of intermediate processing. In this work, structural MRIs of 40 healthy controls who were scanned twice were used to determine the test-retest reliability of FreeSurfer-derived cortical measures in four groups of subjects-those 25 that passed visual inspection (approved), those 15 that failed visual inspection (disapproved), a combined group, and a subset of 10 subjects (Travel) whose test and retest scans occurred at different sites. Test-retest correlation (TRC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and percent difference (PD) were used to measure the reliability in the Destrieux and Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlases. In the approved subjects, reliability of cortical thickness/surface area/volume (DK atlas only) were: TRC (0.82/0.88/0.88), ICC (0.81/0.87/0.88), PD (0.86/1.19/1.39), which represent a significant improvement over these measures when disapproved subjects are included. Travel subjects' results show that cortical thickness reliability is more sensitive to site differences than the cortical surface area and volume. To determine the effect of visual inspection on sample size required for studies of MRI-derived cortical thickness, the number of subjects required to show group differences was calculated. Significant differences observed across imaging sites, between visually approved/disapproved subjects, and across regions with different sizes suggest that these measures should be used with caution.
Common Traits for Thinking Out-of-the-Box: The Evolution of Cosmetic Surgery (2001)

Dallas, Texas Rod J. Rohrich, M.D. Co-editor, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery UT Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite E7.210 Dallas, Texas 75390-9132 rod.[email protected]
CHOROIDAL MELANOMA INITIALLY TREATED AS HEMANGIOMA (2015)

Differentiating between amelanotic melanoma and choroidal hemangioma can be challenging. Relying solely on ophthalmoscopic features can be misleading. Ancillary studies such as indocyanine green and standardized A-scan ultrasonography bring clarity in differentiating circumscribed choroidal hemangioma from choroidal melanoma. Although cytology or histopathology is the only definitive method of establishing the diagnosis, careful emphasis on key diagnostic features can obviate the need for diagnostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy in most cases.
Urinary Epidermal Growth Factor: A Promising “Next Generation” Biomarker in Kidney Disease (2022)

uEGF, uEGF/creatinine, or uEGF/monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 are possible "new generation" biomarkers linked to a variety of kidney diseases that deserve further investigation as a single biomarker or as part of a multi-biomarker panel.
Ultra-low reflectance broadband omni-directional anti-reflection coating (2023)

An anti-reflection coating has an average total reflectance of less than 10%, for example less than 5.9% such as from 4.9% to 5.9%, over a spectrum of wavelengths of 400-1100 nm and a range of angles of incidence of 0-90 degrees with respect to a surface normal of the anti-reflection coating. An anti-reflection coating has a total reflectance of less than 10%, for example less than 6% such as less than 4%, over an entire spectrum of wavelengths of 400-1600 nm and an entire range of angles of incidence of 0-70 degrees with respect to a surface normal of the anti-reflection coating.
Tilbage til fremtiden?: Turismestrategier under pandemien (2021)

Med usikkerhed som grundlæggende forudsætning ser vi i dette vidensindspark nærmere på, hvordan regeringer og turismeorganisationer internationalt under pandemien har håndteret dilemmaer i deres strategiske arbejde.