gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Choice Theory and Recommender Systems: Analysis of the Axiomatic Foundations of Collaborative Filtering (2000)

The growth of Internet commerce has stimulated the use of collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms as recommender systems. Such systems leverage knowledge about the behavior of multiple users to recommend items of interest to individual users. CF methods have been harnessed to make recommendations about such items as web pages, movies, books, and toys. Researchers have proposed several variations of the technology. We take the perspective of CF as a methodology for combining preferences. The preferences predicted for the end user is some function of all of the known preferences for everyone in a database. Social Choice theorists, concerned with the properties of voting methods, have been investigating preference aggregation for decades. At the heart of this body of work is Arrow&amp;apos;s result demonstrating the impossibility of combining preferences in a way that satisfies several desirable and innocuous-looking properties. We show that researchers working on CF algorithms often make similar assumptions. We elucidate these assumptions and extend results from Social Choice theory to CF methods. We show that only very restrictive CF functions are consistent with desirable aggregation properties. Finally, we discuss practical implications of these results.
Spin fluctuations yield zT enhancement in ferromagnets (2021)

Thermal fluctuation of local magnetization intercoupled with charge carriers and phonons offers a path to enhance thermoelectric performance. Thermopower enhancement by spin fluctuations (SF) has been observed before. However, the crucial evidence for enhancing thermoelectric-figure-of-merit (zT) by SF has not been reported until now. Here we report that the SF leads to nearly 80% zT enhancement in ferromagnetic CrTe near and below <i>T</i> <sub><i>C</i></sub> ∼ 335 K. The ferromagnetism is originated from the collective electronic and localized magnetic moments. The field-dependent transport properties demonstrate the profound impact of SF on the electrons and phonons. Under an external magnetic field, the enhancement in thermopower is suppressed, and the thermal conductivity is enhanced, evidencing the existence of a strong SF. The anomalous thermoelectric transport properties are analyzed based on theoretical models, and a good agreement with experimental data is found. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of SF for designing high-performance spin-driven thermoelectrics.
The deterministic role of 5-mers in microRNA-gene targeting (2018)

MiRNAs play a central role in physiological and pathological processes. Both for the biological understanding and for their clinical application, it is essential to understand the interaction of miRNAs and their targets. Target identification largely hinges on in-silico prediction, which requires a complete consideration of miRNA binding sites within the UTRs of target genes. Here, we show that 5-mer sites might also play an essential role for human miRNA-target binding. We implemented and employed an algorithm to all pairs of 2,588 human miRNAs annotated in miRBase and the 3' UTRs of 16725 genes (>43 million combinations). Our in-silico analysis showed a highly significant enrichment (p = 1.4 × 10<sup>-69</sup>) of 5-mer binding sites in 3' UTRs across all experimentally validated miRNA-target gene pairs. We next confirmed the central role of 5-mer binding sites by reporter assays and demonstrated that two non-canonical 5-mer sites of miR-34a in the 3' UTR of T-cell receptor alpha (TCRA) have a significantly stronger influence on its posttranscriptional regulation than the canonical binding sites. These observations indicate an essential role of 5-mer binding sites for the miRNA targeting in human cells.
Stress kinase MKK7: savior of cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. (2004)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) signaling cascade controls a spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, transformation, and apoptosis. We recently demonstrated that stress kinase MKK7, a direct activator of JNKs, couples stress signaling to G2/M cell cycle progression, CDC2 expression, and cellular senescence. We further explored other molecules involved in JNK pathway and found that both MKK4, another direct activator of JNK, and c-Jun, a direct substrate of JNK, have similar roles to MKK7. Here we discuss the importance of the MKK4/MKK7-JNK-c-Jun pathway linking stress and developmental signals to cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cellular senescence, and apoptosis including recent unpublished data from our lab.
Validation of human skin models for skin corrosivity tests in Japan (2008)

As shown in OECD test guidelines 430 and 431, the human skin epidermal assay and Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER) were validated and peer reviewed as an alternative method to corrosivity testing; however, these methods have not been used widely in Japan. The problems related to techniques and evaluation are not clear. Therefore, we performed a validation study of EPI-200 (EpiDerm), a 3-dimensional cultured epidermal model and Vitrolife-Skin, a 3-dimensional cultured skin model made in Japan as a catch-up validation trial of alternatives for skin corrosivity testing using 13 chemicals including a positive control: 10% potassium hydroxide solution in Japan. From the obtained data, we identified the potential of utilizing these models to evaluate the corrosivity of a chemical.
True grit : film (1968)

Long metrage. - Fiction. - D'apres le roman de Charles Portis True grit. - Sortie en France le 18 fevrier 1970
Fluorenyl‐containing Quaternary Ammonium Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications (2016)

Abstract A series of anion exchange membranes (AEM) based on block quaternary ammonium poly(arylene ether sulfone) (QA‐bPAES) were successfully synthesized from 9,9′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol and 4,4′‐difluorodiphenyl sulfone via block polymerization, chloromethylation, quaternization, alkalization and solution casting. Properties of the obtained QA‐bPAES membranes, including ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, swelling ratios, methanol permeability and ion conductivity were investigated. The obtained QA‐bPAES membranes showed low water uptakes, high ion conductivities and good physical and chemical stability. For example, the membrane of QA‐bPAES(20/10)‐1.34 with IEC of 1.34 mmol g −1 exhibited swelling ratios of 5.0% and 5.1% in in‐plane and through‐plane direction, respectively, and ion conductivity of 15.6 mS cm −1 in water at 60 °C with low methanol permeability of 1.06 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 (25 °C). All the results indicated that this type of block membranes had good potentials for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell applications.
3D Image Driven Internal Multiple Elimination (2017)

Abstract In this paper, we present both synthetic and field data study of applying the image-driven method proposed by Antonio Pica and Laurie Delmas (2008) for internal multiple attenuation. The image-driven method includes two steps: prediction of internal multiples and subtracting of the predicted multiples from the input. The prediction step comprises of the following four procedures: 1) the recorded seismic data is muted and propagated backward-in-time to user defined fictitious depth regions; 2) secondary seismic sources are generated by multiplying the migrated image and the extrapolated wavefield by the first step; 3) the secondary sources are further propagated forward-in-time and downward-in-depth and the downward extrapolated wavefield is multiplied with the migrated image and turned into up-going reflected waves; 4) the up-going waves are further propagated to the surface and used as the predicted internal multiples, which will be adjusted and subtracted from the input by using adaptive filter. Following the four steps described above, an internal-multiple-attenuation module is developed by using the one way wave-equation extrapolation. The method requires a migrated image and a migration velocity model as inputs. Where, the image is used as the reflectivity model, which is needed by the second and third steps mentioned above. The tests on both synthetic and field data show this method can correctly predict internal multiples, even when the migration velocity model is inaccurate. The tolerance to velocity errors stems from the fact, to certain extent, that the migrated image made from the erroneous velocity can compensate the errors presented in the velocity model in terms of making the traveltime of predicted multiples correct. Compared with the data-driven method, the main advantage of the image-driven method is that it imposes fewer requirements on the acquisition geometry.
Analysis of off-axis-illumination-based phase-edge/chromeless mask technologies (2004)

Production readiness of phase-edge/chromeless reticles employing off-axis illuminations for 65nm node lithography is assessed through evaluation of mask design conversion and critical layer lithography performance. Using ASML /1100ArF scanners, we achieved k1=0.33 for chromeless phase shift mask (crlPSM) with more than 0.6um DOF for dense features. Subresolution assist features allow for acceptable depth of focus through pitch. However, chromeless feature linearity fall-off continues to be a major issue hampering the acceptance of crlPSM for production. Several mask data conversion schemes such as chromeless gratings and chrome patches have been proposed as viable solutions to mitigate the chromeless linearity fall-off issue. We evaluated chromeless gratings, chromeless rims and chrome patches and report on their performance in resolving the chromeless linearity fall-off issues as well as mask process complexity associated with each solution.
Studies and applications on adsorption of heavy metal ions on carbon nanotube film (2011)

采用刮涂法制备碳纳米管(CNT)薄膜,以铜离子(Cu2+)为例,研究了其吸附去除重金属离子的行为.结果表明,碳纳米管薄膜吸附Cu2+满足Langmuir等温吸附;278 K时符合准二级动力学模型,而在298 K和318 K时符合准一级动力学模型;在298 K时CNT薄膜吸附Cu2+的最大吸附量为4.14 mg/g.在应用层面,设计了一套基于该CNT薄膜的水处理器件.
A Novel Sustainable Process for Multilayer Graphene Synthesis Using CO2 from Ambient Air (2022)

Graphene produced by different methods can present varying physicochemical properties and quality, resulting in a wide range of applications. The implementation of a novel method to synthesize graphene requires characterizations to determine the relevant physicochemical and functional properties for its tailored application. We present a novel method for multilayer graphene synthesis using atmospheric carbon dioxide with characterization. Synthesis begins with carbon dioxide sequestered from air by monoethanolamine dissolution and released into an enclosed vessel. Magnesium is ignited in the presence of the concentrated carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of graphene flakes. These flakes are separated and enhanced by washing with hydrochloric acid and exfoliation by ammonium sulfate, which is then cycled through a tumble blender and filtrated. Raman spectroscopic characterization, FTIR spectroscopic characterization, XPS spectroscopic characterization, SEM imaging, and TEM imaging indicated that the graphene has fifteen layers with some remnant oxygen-possessing and nitrogen-possessing functional groups. The multilayer graphene flake possessed particle sizes ranging from 2 µm to 80 µm in diameter. BET analysis measured the surface area of the multilayer graphene particles as 330 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and the pore size distribution indicated about 51% of the pores as having diameters from 0.8 nm to 5 nm. This study demonstrates a novel and scalable method to synthesize multilayer graphene using CO<sub>2</sub> from ambient air at 1 g/kWh electricity, potentially allowing for multilayer graphene production by the ton. The approach creates opportunities to synthesize multilayer graphene particles with defined properties through a careful control of the synthesis parameters for tailored applications.
Weight Pair Group Average Mean Clustering for Interval-valued Data (2019)

Weight Pair Group Average Mean clustering is one of several methods of agglomerative hierarchical clustering. It is a very popular method for computing hierarchical clusterings. Currently, clustering methods rely dissimilarity measures for interval-valued data uses representative point distance. Our work apply Weight Pair Group Average Mean clustering to interval-valued data based on the Range Euclidean Metric is an reliable alternative to be used to uncertainty quantification from symbolic interval-valued data.
WHO WILL FILL THE POTHOLES (1998)

Following the publication of the Roading Advisory Group (RAG) report in Novemeber 1997, the New Zealand Ministry of Transport reported that more than 13,000 comments had been submitted, many of them substantial and clarifying many of the issues. The Government is still deciding which policies to adopt, and says that the RAG report presents possible proposals. The Government has introduced some benchmarks that imply: (1) no privatisation; (2) businesslike management; (3) the retention of the roading network, especially in rural areas; and (4) the continuing influence of local communities on roading decisions. One key issue to be decided will be the structure of roading companies; the RAG report recommends four to six regionally-based companies. Although many organisations propose only one company, this option seems to have more drawbacks than benefits. Communities need reassurance that local road networks will be restored quickly in the event of a disaster. Roads are so essential that they must have built-in back-up strength and capacity in case of emergency. Although the Government has assured communities that they will continue to influence roading decisions, it is not yet clear how this will be done. One justification for the roading reforms is that other transport modes have also been reformed in New Zealand.
Chiral Organotin Hydride Catalyzed Enantioselective Radical Cyclization of Aldehydes (2013)

Cat on a hot tin radical: Chiral organotin-hydride-catalyzed enantioselective radical cyclization of aldehydes has been achieved. The reaction is efficiently promoted by a catalytic amount (10 mol %) of a chiral tin hydride to produce chromanol derivatives with moderate enantioselectivity. The utility of chiral organotin hydride was also demonstrated in catalytic enantioselective radical reduction.
Spy1, a Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer Signaling Protein, Regulates the Fission Yeast Cell Cycle through the Mcs4 Response Regulator (2000)

Common histidine-to-aspartate (His-to-Asp) phosphorelay signaling systems involve three types of signaling components: a sensor His kinase, a response regulator, and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) protein. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, two response regulators, Mcs4 and Prr1, have been identified recently, and it was shown that they are involved in the signal transduction implicated in stress responses. Furthermore, Mcs4 appears to be involved in mitotic cell-cycle control. However, neither the HPt phosphotransmitter nor His kinase has been characterized in S. pombe. In this study, we identified a gene encoding an HPt phosphotransmitter, named Spy1 (S. pombe YPD1-like protein). The spy1(+) gene showed an ability to complement a mutational lesion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPD1 gene, which is involved in an osmosensing signal transduction. The result from yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that Spy1 interacts with Mcs4. To gain insight into the function of Spy1, a series of genetic analyses were conducted. The results provided evidence that Spy1, together with Mcs4, plays a role in regulation of the G(2)/M cell cycle progression. Spy1-deficient cells appear to be precocious in the entry to M phase. In the proposed model, Spy1 modulates Mcs4 in a negative manner, presumably through a direct His-to-Asp phosphorelay, operating upstream of the Sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
Mechanism of von Willebrand factor scissile bond cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) (2011)

The platelet-tethering function of von Willebrand factor (VWF) is proteolytically regulated by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), which cleaves the Tyr1605-Met1606 (P1-P1') bond in the VWF A2 domain. To date, most of the functional interactions between ADAMTS13 and VWF that have been characterized involve VWF residues that are C terminal to the scissile bond. We now demonstrate that the substrate P3 position in VWF, Leu1603, is a critical determinant of VWF proteolysis. When VWF Leu1603 was substituted with Ser, Ala, Asn, or Lys in a short VWF substrate, VWF115, proteolysis was either greatly reduced or ablated (up to 400-fold reduction in k(cat)/K(m)). As Leu1603 must interact with residues proximate to the Zn(2+) ion coordinated in the active center of ADAMTS13, we sought the corresponding S3 interacting residues. Substitution of 10 candidate residues in the metalloprotease domain of ADAMTS13 identified two spatially separated clusters centered on Leu198 or Val195 (acting with Leu232 and Leu274, or with Leu151, respectively), as possible subsites interacting with VWF. These experimental findings using the short VWF115 substrate were replicated using full-length VWF. It is hypothesized that VWF Leu1603 interacts with ADAMTS13 Leu198/Leu232/Leu274 and that Val195/Leu151 may form part of a S1 subsite. The recognition of VWF Leu1603 by ADAMTS13, in conjunction with previously reported remote exosites C terminal of the cleavage site, suggests a mechanism whereby the VWF P1-P1' scissile bond is brought into position over the active site for cleavage. Together with recently characterized remote exosite interactions, these findings provide a general framework for understanding the ADAMTS family substrate interactions.
Interleukin 1 inhibits T cell receptor-mediated apoptosis in immature thymocytes. (1990)

T cell receptor signaling has been implicated in an intrathymic process of cell selection in which potentially harmful autoreactive precursors are deleted before they emigrate to the periphery. Recent work has shown that immature thymocytes undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death, upon stimulation via the T cell antigen receptor, and it has been suggested that this mechanism may mediate deletion of the self-reactive clones during T cell development. Here we report that the accessory cell-derived T cell growth hormone interleukin-1 prevents T cell receptor-mediated thymocyte apoptosis by a mechanism that appears to involve protein kinase C activation. This effect may be relevant to the positive signaling that spares the appropriate precursors during the generation of functional T lymphocytes.
Evolution of Resistance During Clonal Expansion (2006)

Acquired drug resistance is a major limitation for cancer therapy. Often, one genetic alteration suffices to confer resistance to an otherwise successful therapy. However, little is known about the dynamics of the emergence of resistant tumor cells. In this article, we consider an exponentially growing population starting from one cancer cell that is sensitive to therapy. Sensitive cancer cells can mutate into resistant ones, which have relative fitness alpha prior to therapy. In the special case of no cell death, our model converges to the one investigated by Luria and Delbrück. We calculate the probability of resistance and the mean number of resistant cells once the cancer has reached detection size M. The probability of resistance is an increasing function of the detection size M times the mutation rate u. If Mu << 1, then the expected number of resistant cells in cancers with resistance is independent of the mutation rate u and increases with M in proportion to M(1-1/alpha) for advantageous mutants with relative fitness alpha>1, to l nM for neutral mutants (alpha = 1), but converges to an upper limit for deleterious mutants (alpha<1). Further, the probability of resistance and the average number of resistant cells increase with the number of cell divisions in the history of the tumor. Hence a tumor subject to high rates of apoptosis will show a higher incidence of resistance than expected on its detection size only.
Hollow Fibers for Laser Delivery Systems. (1999)

Hollow fibers for variety of lasers emitting wavelengths from the infrared to ultraviolet are introduced. Forinfrared lasers represented by CO2 and Er: YAG lasers, hollow fibers having dielectric and silver film on theinside of glass tubing have been developed. It is shown that the fibers transmit high-powered laser light withlow attenuation due to the interference effect of the internal dielectric layer. For excimer laser light, hollow glassfibers with an inner aluminum film show low loss characteristics because of the high reflection coefficient ofaluminum in the ultraviolet region. Hollow fibers enable many applications in industrial and medical fieldsthat need effective delivery medium of laser light.
[Acquired mutations--basic cancer biology]. (2006)

It is now well-established that cancer is a genetic disease, although in most cases not inherited. A sporadic cancer develops when a somatic cell acquires specific growth advantages through successive accumulation of changes in cancer genes, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and stability genes. Alterations of these genes lead to deregulation of cellular signaling pathways and abnormal growth. Herein, we give a brief overview of the basic genetic changes in cancer and discuss how specific gene alterations may contribute to the development of malignant melanoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)‐Paraherquamide B. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluating graphene-enhanced materials for space-based structural applications (2018)

Since 2015, the University of Central Lancashire has helped accelerate the application of graphene-enhanced (GE) materials in the UK aerospace industry. Building upon this experience, research funded by the UK Space Agency is presented here to demonstrate the potential of employing GE materials for space-based structures. Results from a series of high altitude (up to 35km) balloon launches outline a low-cost, low-risk stepping stone to examine the possible impact on GE material following exposure to near-space or the stratosphere. Two different payload materials were investigated; (i) graphene-enhanced carbon fibre (GECF) and (ii) 3D printed graphene-enhanced polylactic acid (GEPLA) where each is compared directly to their non-graphene equivalents. Comparative mechanical analysis pre- and post-flight were undertaken. The results provide initial confidence that the GE samples appear to be unaffected by experiencing the low pressure, low temperature environment. The GECF samples have a reduction in mass up to 20% with observably similar (or improved) mechanical properties. Though the GEPLA samples are slightly heavier (about 10%), they are more flexible than the PLA also under investigation. With the potential of significant weight reduction for similar payload volumes alongside increased structural robustness, these initial investigations indicate that GE materials warrant further investigation for a range of possible space-based applications. Copyright © 2018 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved