gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of a Digital Computer for On-Line Control of a Jet Engine (1967)

Summary Some of the unusual factors influencing the choice of digital computer control systems for jet engines are discussed first. The conditions differ in various practical respects from conventional process control applications. Having several identical plants in a typical aircraft and the need for flexibility to keep pace with engine development are of particular importance. Approaching digital control with the traditional process control background may be restrictive in selecting potential applications for the technique. Techniques which can be used with computers to simplify and speed up three aspects of the realisation of a practical system are described briefly. The first of these is the measurement of the actual plant characteristics needed in the analysis of the control system requirements. The second is a method of obtaining good response in the synthesis of a non-linear control function. The third is a technique for programme writing and for simulation used in the verification of the control system behaviour. The techniques described are not in themselves necessarily confined to use with digital control systems and should have value in general use.
Experimental investigation of bidirectional hybrid fiber amplifiers in a recycling-pump mechanism (2012)

A bidirectional hybrid fiber amplifier is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is composed of a C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and an L-band Raman fiber amplifier (RFA). A single-wavelength pump source is used to pump both the EDFA and the RFA. Using 500 mW pump power at 1595 nm, the average gains are 11.35 dB for the EDFA and 10.08 dB for the RFA, respectively, with a launched signal power of –10 dBm. The power penalties are less than 0.38 and 0.88 dB, respectively, for 50 and 75 km unidirectional and bidirectional transmission.
Bacterial biosensors for evaluating potential impacts of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in multiple species (2011)

To study the effects and possible mechanisms of suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), a wide variety of assays have been developed. In this work, we generated engineered Escherichia coli biosensor strains that incorporate the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the β-subtype estrogen receptors (ERβ) from Solea solea (sole), and Sus scrofa (pig). These strains indicate the presence of ligands for these receptors by changes in growth phenotype, and can differentiate agonist from antagonist and give a rough indication of binding affinity via dose-response curves. The resulting strains were compared with our previously reported Homo sapiens ERβ biosensor strain. In initial tests, all three of the strains correctly identified estrogenic test compounds with a high degree of certainly (Z' typically greater than 0.5), including the weakly binding test compound bisphenol A (BPA) (Z' ≈ 0.1-0.3). The modular design of the sensing element in this strain allows quick development of new species-based biosensors by simple LBD swapping, suggesting its use in initial comparative analysis of EDC impacts across multiple species. Interestingly, the growth phenotypes of the biosensor strains indicate similar binding for highly estrogenic control compounds, but suggest differences in ligand binding for more weakly binding EDCs.
Ultrasonic Emulsion Analyser (1993)

In the food, drink, and pharmaceutical industries, ultrasonic sensors have advantages over many existing devices. They are capable of rapid, precise measurements and can be fully automated. Also, they can be used online, applied to optically opaque systems, and, moreover, are very cost‐effective.
Boolean regulatory network reconstruction using literature based knowledge with a genetic algorithm optimization method (2016)

Generic PKNs attempt to synthesize knowledge of all interactions occurring in a biological process of interest, irrespective of the specific biological context. This limits their usefulness as a basis for the development of context-specific, predictive dynamical Boolean models. The optimization method presented in this article produces specific, contextualized models from generic PKNs. These contextualized models have improved utility for hypothesis generation and experimental design. The general applicability of this methodological approach makes it suitable for a variety of biological systems and of general interest for biological and medical research. Our method was implemented in the software optimusqual, available online at http://www.vital-it.ch/software/optimusqual/ .
A new, robust, high data rate digital FM subcarrier system for mobile ITS applications (2002)

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)-formerly called IVHS-are essentially mobile information utilities, designed to deliver information about the status of the surface transportation system to users in mobile vehicles, pedestrians, and people in offices and homes. Except for the last class of users, mobile communications by radio is the only viable means for delivering this information. By far the largest volume of data that needs to be transferred from the infrastructure to mobile users concerns the state of congestion on highways. Since this can be done in a one-way broadcast mode, significant savings in communications cost and radio-frequency (RF) spectrum acquisition time can be achieved if an existing, widely available medium is used. For ITS purposes analog subcarriers have neither the capacity nor the robustness in a mobile environment to perform traffic data distribution. What is needed is a true digital subcarrier system that has enough capacity to reliably distribute traffic data with low latency in a mobile environment. This paper describes the design, development and testing of a new high-speed digital subcarrier system (HSDSS) called the Subcarrier Traffic Information Channel (STIC). STIC provides a digital data capability that performs extremely well in a multipath fading environment and yields a user data rate of about 8 kilobits per second (kb/s). Another important feature of the system is that it provides all of this capability from a single FM station; a critical factor for U.S. ITS deployment.
Route to chaos in an opto-electronic system (2006)

An optoelectronic nonlinear delay oscillator seeded by a pulsed laser source is reported. It produces a chaotic optical phase modulation, which can be modeled by a map. The setup is able to operate at high repetition rate with a differential phase modulation of optical pulses. It is intended for high speed digital data encryption at the physical layer using a chaotic optical carrier. Different possible behaviors are analyzed in terms of nonlinear dynamics.
An Enhanced 64-Element Dual-Polarization Antenna Array Package for W-Band Communication and Imaging Applications (2018)

An organic-based multi-layered phased-array antenna package for 94-GHz radar imaging and communication applications is hereby introduced. The package incorporates 64 dual-polarized antenna elements. Direct antenna probing measurements on a fabricated package and full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation of the complete design show over 8 GHz bandwidth and 2 dBi gain at 94 GHz. 64-element beam forming and beam steering are evaluated through EM simulations showing 12-degree half-power beam width and lower than -20dB side levels. A novel flip-chip assembly process is introduced to improve module-level yield and scalability by attaching the package with one die that consists of four joint ICs.
Investigation and optimization of a finite element simulation of transducer array systems for 3D ultrasound computer tomography with respect to electrical impedance characteristics (2012)

The established standard screening method to detect breast cancer is X-ray mammography. However X-ray mammography often has low contrast for tumors located within glandular tissue. A new approach is 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT), which is expected to detect small tumors at an early stage. This paper describes the development, improvement and the results of Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of the Transducer Array System (TAS) used in our 3D USCT. The focus of this work is on researching the influence of meshing and material parameters on the electrical impedance curves. Thereafter, these findings are used to optimize the simulation model. The quality of the simulation was evaluated by comparing simulated impedance characteristics with measured data of the real TAS. The resulting FEM simulation model is a powerful tool to analyze and optimize transducer array systems applied for USCT. With this simulation model, the behavior of TAS for different geometry modifications was researched. It provides a means to understand the acoustical performances inside of any ultrasound transducer represented by its electrical impedance characteristic.
Therapeutic efficacy of intra‑tumor AvidinOX and low systemic dose biotinylated cetuximab, with and without cisplatin, in an orthotopic model of head and neck cancer (2019)

In a previous study, the efficacy of low intraperitoneal doses of biotinylated cetuximab (bCet) in mice with subcutaneous tumor xenografts of human head and neck cancer (HNC) treated intra-tumors with AvidinOX was reported. Taking into account that the current standard treatment for HNC is the combination of cetuximab and cisplatin, the present study investigated the activity of AvidinOX-targeted bCet with and without cisplatin in an orthotopic model. The results confirmed that administration of intra-tumor AvidinOX makes an otherwise inactive dose of bCet effective in reducing tumor growth, and the addition of a low dose of cisplatin further improved tumor growth inhibition. Supporting the <i>in vivo</i> data, immunohistochemical staining of tumor masses from mice treated with AvidinOX, bCet and cisplatin exhibited the highest tumor cell damage and the lowest angiogenic activity among all treatment groups, measured as the number of γ-H2A.X and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1-positive cells, respectively. AvidinOX is currently under clinical investigation to assess its use in delivering radioactive biotin to inoperable tumor lesions (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02053324 and NCT03188328). The present study further supported the potential clinical use of AvidinOX to target low bCet doses to inoperable tumor lesions, with or without an additional low dose of cisplatin. Since low doses of highly expensive monoclonal antibodies become effective with AvidinOX and low dose cisplatin, such therapies promise to be cheaper and less toxic than current treatments.
Analysis of millimeter wave networked wearables in crowded environments (2015)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) band has the potential to provide high throughput among wearable devices. When mmWave wearable networks are used in crowded environments, such as on a bus or train, antenna directivity and orientation hold the key to achieving Gbps rates. Previous work using stochastic geometry often assumes an infinite number of interfering nodes drawn from a Poisson Point Process (PPP). Since indoor wearable networks will be isolated due to walls, a network with a finite number of nodes may be a more suitable model. In this paper, we characterize the significant sources of interference and develop closed-form expressions for the spatially averaged performance of a typical user's wearable communication link. The effect of human body blockage on the mmWave signals and the role of network density are investigated to show that an increase in interferer density reduces the mean number of significant interferers.
XPS and Electron Microscopy Study of Oxide-Scale Evolution on Ignition Resistant Mg-3Ca Alloy at Low and High Heating Rates (2020)

Abstract Earlier work by the authors suggested that the formation of molten eutectic regions in Mg-Ca binary alloys caused a discrepancy in ignition temperature when different heating rates are used. This effect was observed for alloys where Ca content is greater than 1 wt%. In this work, the effect of two heating rates (25 °C/min and 45 °C/min) on the ignition resistance of Mg-3Ca is evaluated in terms of oxide growth using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It is found that the molten eutectic regions develop a thin oxide scale of ~100 nm rich in Ca at either heating rate. The results prove that under the high heating rate, solid intermetallics are oxidized forming CaO nodules at the metal/oxide interface that eventually contribute to the formation of a thick and non-protective oxide scale in the liquid state.
Schwann cell endosome CGRP signals elicit periorbital mechanical allodynia in mice (2022)

Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-1, CLR/RAMP1) implicates peripherally-released CGRP in migraine pain. However, the site and mechanism of CGRP-evoked peripheral pain remain unclear. By cell-selective RAMP1 gene deletion, we reveal that CGRP released from mouse cutaneous trigeminal fibers targets CLR/RAMP1 on surrounding Schwann cells to evoke periorbital mechanical allodynia. CLR/RAMP1 activation in human and mouse Schwann cells generates long-lasting signals from endosomes that evoke cAMP-dependent formation of NO. NO, by gating Schwann cell transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), releases ROS, which in a feed-forward manner sustain allodynia via nociceptor TRPA1. When encapsulated into nanoparticles that release cargo in acidified endosomes, a CLR/RAMP1 antagonist provides superior inhibition of CGRP signaling and allodynia in mice. Our data suggest that the CGRP-mediated neuronal/Schwann cell pathway mediates allodynia associated with neurogenic inflammation, contributing to the algesic action of CGRP in mice.
Anisotropic Diffusion of Cadmium and Gold Tracers in Zinc Single Crystals (1963)

The anisotropic diffusion coefficients of the radioactive tracers cadmium ($115m$) and gold (198) in single crystals of high-purity zinc, in directions parallel and perpendicular to the hexagonal axis, were measured by the standard sectioning technique. Cadmium diffused at a rate faster than that of self-diffusion and with ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}&gt;{D}_{\mathrm{II}}$. Gold diffused at a rate slower than that of self-diffusion and with ${D}_{\mathrm{II}}&gt;{D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. The results of the measurements are as follows: For cadimum ($115m$), ${D}_{\mathrm{II}}=(0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(20.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(20.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec; for gold (198), ${D}_{\mathrm{II}}=(0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(29.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(29.72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.45)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec. On the basis of the vacancy mechanism one can interpret the fast diffusion of cadmium in terms of an appreciable binding between the vacancy and the diffusing ion; conversely the slow diffusion of gold in terms of a repulsion between the vacancy and the diffusing ion.
Transformation of murine melanocytes by basic fibroblast growth factor cDNA and oncogenes and selective suppression of the transformed phenotype in a reconstituted cutaneous environment. (1989)

Constitutive expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a common characteristic of metastatic melanomas, was reproduced in vitro by infection of normal murine melanocytes with a recombinant retrovirus carrying a cDNA for bFGF. Expression of bFGF in these cells conferred autonomous growth in culture and extinguished differentiated functions, such as the synthesis of melanin and formation of dendrites. Independence from exogenous bFGF and loss of differentiated functions in vitro were induced also by transformation of melanocytes with the oncogenes myc, Ela, ras, and neu, although bFGF was not expressed by the respective transformants. As shown in skin reconstitution experiments onto syngeneic mice and subcutaneous injections into nude mice, the various transformants differed in their behavior in vivo. The bFGF transformants did not form tumors. They reverted to having a normal, melanotic phenotype and restricted growth. Myc and Ela transformants grew as tumors in nude mice but not in syngeneic, immunocompetent animals. Ras-transformed melanocytes were always tumorigenic, whereas the formation of tumors by neu transformants was suppressed by the concomitant grafting of keratinocytes in reconstituted skin of syngeneic mice. These data show that melanocytes genetically manipulated to produce bFGF acquire properties in vitro similar to those of metastatic melanoma cells or those induced by various oncogenes but that constitutive production of bFGF by itself is insufficient to make melanocytes tumorigenic. The experiments also show that melanocytes transformed by the selected oncogenes respond differentially to various environments in vivo.
Die Anfänge der jiddischen Literatur (1978)

Das älteste, nach dem gegenwärtigen Stand der jiddischen Sprach- und Literaturforschung belegte Sprachdenkmal ist ein Verspaar in einem Wormser Mach’sor vom Jahre 1272/73. In dem von einem gewissen Simcha ben Jehuda im Auftrage seines Onkels Baruch ben Jizchak geschriebenen Festtagsgebetbuch erscheint der Segenswunsch: »gut tac īm b’tag’/s’wær dis mach’sor in bes hak’nesses t’rag« (= Einen Freudentag erlebe [mhd. betagen] der, wer [mhd. swer] dies[en] Machsor in die Synagoge [hebr. Bet Haknesset] trägt).
Utilization of wind power in a distributed energy society (2021)

The dissemination of small wind turbines (SWT) is so slow compared to PV panels. To play a role of the coming distributed energy society, further improvements of techniques and methods in SWTs are required. We have developed a new wind turbine system, called wind-lens turbine (WLT) that consists of a diffuser shroud with a broad-ring brim at the exit periphery, showing a power augmentation by a factor of about 2–5 compared with a bare wind turbine. A multi rotor system (MRS) using WLTs have also been developed. MRSs are composed of three, five, seven and more WLTs and show a further improvement in total power output. In recent years, our research concept on renewable energy is based on a keyword of “Small is profitable”, considering the social acceptability and environmental problems.
Horizontal transmission of the microbial symbionts Enterobacter cloacae and Mycotypha microspora to their firebrat host (2013)

Abstract The firebrat, Thermobia domestica (Packard) (Thysanura: Lepismatidae), aggregates in response to the faeces of conspecifics. This aggregation response is mediated by two microbial symbionts, the bacterium Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche &amp; Edwards (Enterobacteriaceae) and the fungus Mycotypha microspora Fenner (Mucorales). Our objective was to determine how these microbes are transmitted between firebrats. We produced fluorescently labelled E. cloacae and M. microspora and presented them to firebrats. Firebrats consumed large quantities of these labelled microbes and deposited them with their faeces where they proliferated rapidly. Firebrats did not harbour E. cloacae or M. microspora within their ovarioles or eggs, and thus cannot transmit them transovarially. Instead, firebrats acquired them horizontally whenever they fed on microbe‐contaminated material, such as faeces, faeces‐contaminated paper, or egg surfaces. Firebrats moult throughout their life, and with each moult they shed the cuticular lining of their digestive tract and likely any microbes residing therein. Because firebrats remain in close contact and live in groups of mixed age and gender, newly moulted individuals can readily re‐acquire E. cloacae or M. microspora from group members. This ensures the perpetuation of their microbial aggregation and arrestment signal.
Nerve growth factor: a survey of activity on immune and hematopoietic cells (1999)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a well characterized molecule required for the survival and differentiation of a variety of cell types both in the peripheral and central nervous system. Numerous studies published in recent years have demonstrated that NGF affects different functional activities of mature immune and hematopoietic cells. Other studies have revealed that hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood are receptive to the action of NGF and that bone marrow stromal cells produce/respond to NGF during different steps of normal hematopoiesis. Elevated levels of NGF have been found in a number of inflammatory diseases, including those of autoimmune nature and in myeloproliferative pathologies. This review presents these data and discusses the hypothesis of a possible functional role of NGF in immune and hematopoietic disorders.
In Vitro Functional Quality Characterization of NOTA-Modified Somatropins (2017)

Chemical modifications on protein biopharmaceuticals introduce extra variability in addition to their inherent complexity, hence require more comprehensive analytical and functional characterization during their discovery, development, and manufacturing. Somatropin (i.e., recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH) modified with the chelating agent S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) allows the incorporation of radiometals for research and possible theranostic purposes. We previously demonstrated that this conjugation leads to multiple substitution degrees and positional isomers within the product. In vitro techniques at the molecular and cellular levels were now applied to assess their functional quality: (i) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) demonstrated functional complexation with human growth hormone binding protein (hGHBp) to the different NOTA-modified somatropins as well as to gallium chelated NOTA-functionalities (Ga-10:1 NOTA-somatropin); (ii) native mass spectrometry (MS) offered in-depth information, a substitution degree up to four NOTAs was still functional; (iii) circular dichroism (CD) analysis confirmed the complexation of unmodified and NOTA-modified somatropin to hGHBp; and (iv) a hGHR bioassay demonstrated initiation of the signal transduction cascade, after binding of all investigated products to the receptor presented on cells with a similar potency (pEC<sub>50</sub> values between 9.53 and 9.78) and efficacy (E<sub>max</sub> values between 130 and 160%). We conclude that the NOTA-modified somatropins do not possess a significantly different in vitro functionality profile compared to unmodified somatropin. Techniques such as SEC, MS, and CD, traditionally used in the physicochemical characterization of proteins have a demonstrated potential use in the functionality evaluation not only in drug discovery and development but also in quality control settings.
Direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe for the treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with gynecological cancers (2019)

DOACs can be effectively and safely used in VTE patients with gynecological cancers.