gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method of improving synchronisation of motion accuracy of rotary axis and linear axes under a constant feed-speed vector of end-milling point (2019)

A five-axis machining centre is noted for its synchronous control capability that makes it feasible to create complicated three-dimensional surfaces such as propellers and hypoid gears quickly. As stated in this research, it is necessary to improve not only the accuracy of the machined shape but also the roughness of the machined surface of free-form surfaces. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed at maintaining the feed-speed vector at the milling point by through controlling two linear axes and a rotary axis to improve the machined surface quality. In addition, a method was suggested for reducing the shape error of machined workpieces by considering the differences in the servo characteristics of the three axes. The shape error was greatly decreased by applying the proposed method of using parameters (referred to as the precedent FF coefficient in this paper) determined by calculation instead of by trial and error. Moreover, to decrease the shape error, even in machining complex shapes that exhibit high angular velocity, the motor load, which is a key factor in the shape error, served as the focus, and a block diagram that considers the motor load was developed. The shape error can be evaluated via the simulation.
Grating Acuity Development After Early Surgery for Congenital Unilateral Cataract (1986)

Longitudinal measures of grating acuity were obtained from 16 children after early surgery, optical correction, and occlusion therapy for congenital unilateral cataract. Compliance with contact lens wear and occlusion therapy was good in this population. Monocular grating acuities were obtained by preferential looking during months 1 through 15 and by an operant procedure during months 16 through 53. Grating acuities of normal eyes did not differ from those obtained in an age-matched normal population and showed no evidence of occlusion amblyopia. During the first year of life, grating acuities of aphakic eyes were typically within the normal range, but lagged behind normal development during years 2 through 4. These results suggest that early surgery is associated with favorable long-term visual results but does not, even with good compliance, completely eliminate deprivation amblyopia.
Salicylic acid and the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora induce defense genes via antagonistic pathways (1997)

Infection of tobacco plants with the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or treatment of plants with Erwinia ‐derived elicitor preparations leads to the induction of a number of genes thought to play a role in plant defense response to pathogens. In order to determine the role of salicylic acid (SA) in the induction of the Erwinia responsive genes, the accumulation of mRNAs for these and other genes encoding pathogenesis‐related proteins (PR genes) in response to both Erwinia elicitors and SA was determined. PR genes were identified which were preferentially induced by Erwinia elicitor preparations, one gene was induced by SA but not by Erwinia , and another gene was induced by both type of treatments. The differential expression of these genes and the timing of induction suggest that SA is not the signal molecule leading to the early response of plants to Erwinia . This was demonstrated by experiments using transgenic NahG plants that overproduce a salicylate hydroxylase inactivating SA. The elicitation of PR genes by Erwinia was similar in NahG and wild‐type plants. Therefore, induction of plant defense genes by Erwinia and SA seems to be by two distinct pathways leading to expression of separate sets of genes. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that Erwinia elicitors antagonize the SA‐mediated induction of PR genes. Similarly, SA appeared to inhibit the induction of PR genes elicited by Erwinia . The observed antagonism between the two signal transduction pathways indicates the presence of a common regulatory element in both pathways that acts downstream of SA in the SA‐mediated response.
Radar Automatic Target Recognition Based on Disjoint Multi-Static K-Space Coverage (2018)

This paper considers SAR image reconstruction from incomplete K-space coverage. In particular, the problem of image reconstruction from the type of disjoint K-space coverage that may arise from multi-static SAR systems is addressed. In previous work the effectiveness of reconstruction schemes were assessed in terms of their impact on automatic target recognition performance. It was found that a simple Fourier reconstruction, despite the significantly distorted point spread function that results, has advantages over a compressive sensing approach. In this paper, the idea of re-applying a SAR point spread function to the compressive sensing reconstruction is considered. It is found that this approach provides comparable performance to the use of the Fourier reconstruction. An interpretion of this behavior is provided in terms of a feature-based analysis.
Atmospheric pressure‐electron capture dissociation of peptides using a modified PhotoSpray ion source (2010)

An improved in-source atmospheric pressure-electron capture dissociation (AP-ECD) method is described. Building upon the early example of Laprévote's group, photoelectrons generated within a commercial PhotoSpray atmospheric pressure photoionization source are used to induce ECD of multiply charged peptide ions originating from an upstream heated nebulizer device. To attain high sensitivity, the method makes use of a novel electropneumatic-heated nebulizer to assist in the creation and transmission of multiply charged ions from sample solutions. Here, we demonstrate that readily interpretable AP-ECD spectra of infused peptides can be acquired from 100 fmol sample consumed, on a chromatographic time scale, using a conventional quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer otherwise incapable of ECD/ETD experiments. Though much work remains to be done to develop and characterize the method, the results indicate that AP-ECD has the potential to be a practical new tool for the mass spectrometric analysis of peptides and proteins.
Quantum dot-induced improved performance of cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells without a Cu buffer layer (2017)

We demonstrate an innovative strategy for quantum dot-induced improved performance of cadmium telluride solar cells without a Cu buffer layer.
Building an Inclusive Culture in the Chemistry Department at Imperial College (2016)

One of the main aims of any department is to appoint the very best chemists and to support them to reach their full potential. Success in this aim cannot look like a male to female ratio of professors of 20:1. In this Guest Editorial, T. Welton, Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Imperial College London, describes the processes introduced that led to the Chemistry Department at Imperial achieving a gold Athena SWAN award.
Study of polymer gelation by fluorescence spectroscopy (1992)

Abstract A fluorescence technique is used to study the mechanism and dynamics of thermoreversible gel formation in concentrated polymer solutions. Two examples of these ordered structures were studied: isotactic polystyrene (iPS) in decalin and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (sPMMA) in toluene. iPS can form two types of gels in decalin solutions. Turbid suspensions are formed between 60°C and 130°C. When the solution is quenched beneath 20°C, transparent gels are formed. In the former solution the polymer has a 3 1 helix structure; in the latter a 12 1 helix is formed. These structures formed by iPS in decalin solution have different fluorescence spectra. The ratio ( I m /I e ) of the intensity of the monomer fluorescence band in the spectrum over the intensity of the excimer emission band is higher in the spectra of transparent gels. The formation of the transparent gels from a solution can be followed by plotting I m /I e as a function of temperature. The kinetics of the gel formation are studied by following I m /I e as a function of time at a fixed temperature. sPMMA forms gels in toluene by a mechanism called “conformational gelation.” This mechanism consists of two steps: a fast conformational change followed by a slower aggregation of polymer chains. Both steps were followed by measuring fluorescence of a pyrene label attached to the polymer. The fluorescence lifetime of this probe is sensitive to the polarity of the environment. When the polymer conformation goes from a random coil to an all trans conformation, the environment of the fluorescent label becomes increasingly richer in solvent. This change in polarity is reflected in a change in fluorescence lifetime. The change in fluorescence anisotropy of the label reflects the second step of the mechanism and correlates with the occurrence of chain aggregation.
Lack of water transport by amino acid side chains or peptides entering a nonpolar environment (1993)

Water has been reported to enter cyclohexane in association with 3-methylindole, a model compound representing the side chain of tryptophan. Entrainment of water would cloud the interpretation of measured partition coefficients as a simple index of hydrophobicity. NMR and isotope-exchange experiments indicate that the reported entrainment of water resulted from unrecognized exchange of 3H from water into the -NH- group of the indole ring. A more detailed analysis shows that no significant amounts of excess water (less than 0.1 molecule/molecule of solute) enter cyclohexane with molecules representing the side chains of tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine, or the peptide bond itself.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysics of a Family of Phlorin Macrocycles That Display Cooperative Fluoride Binding (2013)

A homologous set of 5,5-dimethylphlorin macrocycles in which the identity of one aryl ring is systematically varied has been prepared. These derivatives contain ancillary pentafluorophenyl (3H(PhlF)), mesityl (3H(PhlMes)), 2,6-bismethoxyphenyl (3H(PhlOMe)), 4-nitrophenyl (3H(PhlNO2)), or 4-tert-butylcarboxyphenyl (3H(PhlCO2tBu)) groups at the 15-meso-position. These porphyrinoids were prepared in good yields (35–50%) and display unusual multielectron redox and photochemical properties. Each phlorin can be oxidized up to three times at modest potentials and can be reduced twice. The electron-donating and electron-releasing properties of the ancillary aryl substituent attenuate the potentials of these redox events; phlorins containing electron-donating aryl groups are easier to oxidize and harder to reduce, while the opposite trend is observed for phlorins containing electron-withdrawing functionalities. Phlorin substitution also has a pronounced effect on the observed photophysics, as introduction of electron-releasing aryl groups on the periphery of the macrocycle is manifest in larger emission quantum yields and longer fluorescence lifetimes. Each phlorin displays an intriguing supramolecular chemistry and can bind 2 equiv of fluoride. This binding is allosteric in nature, and the strength of halide binding correlates with the ability of the phlorin to stabilize the buildup of charge. Moreover, fluoride binding to generate complexes of the form 3H(PhlR)·2F– modulates the redox potentials of the parent phlorin. As such, titration of phlorin with a source of fluoride represents a facile method to tune the ability of this class of porphyrinoid to absorb light and engage in redox chemistry.
Climb and glide ofa/3〈111〉 dislocations in an aluminium Σ = 3 boundary (1997)

Abstract High-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations are presented of the motion of grain-boundary dislocations within an aluminium Σ = 3[011] bicrystal. The observations show the glide of dissociated a/3[111] grain-boundary dislocations on the incoherent Σ = 3(211) boundary. These dislocations are subsequently incorporated into a growing coherent two lamella where further motion occurs by climb. Analysis of the tip of the advancing twin suggests that nucleation of coherent twin segments may be initiated by the absorption of a lattice dislocation in the boundary with the subsequent dissociation to form a/3[111] and a/6[211] grain-boundary dislocations.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: simultaneous detection of JCV DNA and anti‐JCV antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (2000)

We report on a case of biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in a patient without obvious immunodeficiency. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed the simultaneous presence of JC virus DNA and of locally produced, anti-JC virus antibodies. The intrathecal humoral immune response increased throughout the course of the disease, whereas the detection of the JC genome became ultimately negative in spite of the continuous extension of the lesions with fatal outcome.
Towards Automatic Grading of Nuclear Cataract (2007)

Objective quantification of lens images is essential for cataract assessment and treatment. In this paper, bottom-up and top-down strategies are combined to detect the lens contour from the slit-lamp images. The center of the lens is localized by horizontal and vertical intensity profile clustering and the lens contour is estimated by fitting an ellipse. A modified active shape model (ASM) is further applied to detect the contour of the lens. The average intensity inside the lens is employed as the indicator of nuclear opacity. The relationship between our automated nuclear cataract assessment and the clinical grading is analyzed. The preliminary study of forty images shows that the difference between automatic grading and clinical grading is acceptable.
Bioorthogonal Reaction Pairs Enable Simultaneous, Selective, Multi‐Target Imaging (2011)

Mutually orthogonal tetrazine–trans-cyclooctene and azide–cyclooctyne cycloaddition reactions were used simultaneously for the bioorthogonal labeling of two different live cell populations in the same culture (see scheme). These small-molecule probes show good chemical reactivity and can be readily incorporated into biological systems. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A space division multiple access receiver (2002)

Space division multiple access (SDMA) has been the focus of much research in the last several years. It has several advantages over other wireless multiple access schemes. With SDMA, a fourfold or more increase in capacity is achievable. An SDMA system is robust to multipath fading due to its combining scheme. One of the most important benefits of using SDMA is its ability to minimize interference from undesired users. Many studies have shown that it is possible to implement SDMA on top of other access schemes such as TDMA or CDMA and provide improved system performance. In this paper, we discuss the theory behind SDMA systems and present results from experiments performed in an indoor environment.
A study on OX39, a murine anti-rat interleukin 2 receptor antibody A report on receptor binding and effects on allograft survival (1988)

Abstract. OX39, a murine IgGl monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that recognizes the 55 kDa alpha chain of the rat interleukin 2 receptor (R-IL2), was studied in vitro for its ability to interfere with IL2 binding and IL2-induced proliferation on rat concanavalin A (ConA) blasts and in vivo in a model of rat heart allografts. In vitro studies indicated that OX39 MoAb interacts with a single class of sites on the alpha chain of the rat R-IL2 with a high affinity (KD= 0.8 nm) and competes with IL2 binding on this chain (KI= 0.53 nm). In contrast, OX39 MoAb was found to be 10–20 times less efficient in competing with IL2 binding to the high-affinity R-IL2 (KI˜ 10 nm). It is proposed that the epitope recognized by OX39 on the alpha chain (low-affinity R-IL2) is modified on (or buried in) the high-affinity R-IL2 configuration. Accordingly, OX39 was found to be a weak inhibitor in vitro on IL2-induced proliferation and in vivo on allograft rejection. Allograft survival was unaffected by doses of OX39 of 20 and 50 μg/rat for 9 days; only a borderline effect was noted when doses as high as 250 μg/rat were used. A significant, but restricted, effect of OX39 could be further detected when combined with low doses of cyclosporine A (1.5 mg/kg), which were ineffective by themselves. Together, our data suggest that in order to be efficient in vivo, anti-R-IL2 MoAbs must bind with high affinity to epitopes involved in the high-affinity IL2 binding site.
Performance and Kinetics Study of Self-Repairing Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Binders Based on the Diels–Alder Reaction (2017)

Based on the Diels⁻Alder reaction and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binders of solid propellants, two novel compounds-furfuryl-terminated polybutadiene (FTPB) and trifurfuryl propane (TFP)-were designed and synthesized, and their structures were characterized. A new kind of reversible Diels⁻Alder reaction system was formed by FTPB as main resin, N,N'-1,3-phenylenedimaleimide (PDMI) as curing agent and TFP as chain extender. The results showed that this system had good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 1.76 MPa and a tensile strain of 284% after curing, and the repair efficiency of the crack was 88%. Therefore, it could be used as a novel binder of energetic materials such as solid propellant and PBX explosives to provide them with self-repairing characteristics and improve the reliability for application.
Regulation of Target System Sensitivity in Neuroinflammation: Role of GRK2 in Chronic Pain (2012)

Abstract Scientists and clinicians have long used the level of hormones or the level of inflammatory mediators as an important parameter of functional activity of the neuro-endocrine or immune system. However, not much focus has been given to the role of the sensitivity of the target tissue, such as receptors or components of the intracellular signalosome. This is important because, as recent literature has shown, the sensitivity of the target tissue may change during pathological processes such as inflammation or chronic stress. This chapter focuses on changes in sensitivity of target tissue by focussing on a kinase known as G protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which appears to be an important regulator of the severity and duration of inflammatory pain. GRK2 regulates the sensitivity of target systems, including immune and nervous systems, for signals given by G protein-coupled receptors via regulating receptor desensitization. In addition, GRK2 regulates intracellular signaling via direct effects on elements of the signalosome of the cell. The contribution of GRK2 to chronic pain is discussed in the context of the idea that regulation of the sensitivity of target systems is an important process during neuro-inflammation and should be taken into account when investigating neuro-immune communication in inflammatory pathologies.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): Schema for User Applications (2006)

This document is an integral part of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) technical specification.It provides a technical specification of attribute types and object classes intended for use by LDAP directory clients for many directory services, such as White Pages.These objects are widely used as a basis for the schema in many LDAP directories.This document does not cover attributes used for the administration of directory servers, nor does it include directory objects defined for specific uses in other documents.
Filter bank interpolation and reconstruction from generalized and recurrent nonuniform samples (2002)

This paper introduces a filter bank interpretation of various sampling strategies, which leads to efficient interpolation and reconstruction methods. An identity, referred to as the interpolation identity, is used to obtain particularly efficient discrete-time systems for interpolation to uniform Nyquist samples, either for further processing in that form or for conversion to continuous-time. The interpolation identity also leads to a new class of sampling theorems including an extension of Papoulis' (1997) generalized sampling expansion.
Supplementary Data from Response to Anti-EGFR Therapy in Patients with BRAF non-V600–Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 to S4 and Supplementary Figure S1 to S3 Supplementary Table S1. Classification of BRAF variants identified in this study Supplementary Table S2. Patient characteristics based on BRAF classification Supplementary Table S3. Characteristics of patients treated with anti-EGFR antibody therapy Supplementary TableS4. Response to anti-EGFR antibody therapy based on BRAF classification and the sidedness of the tumor Supplementary Fig. S1. CONSORT diagram. Supplementary Fig. S2. Onco-print showing the alterations identified in 96 specimens from 118 patients analyzed for OS. Supplementary Fig. S3. OS in all patients with BRAFnon-V600 mutation (A) and stratified by RASmutation (B), or stratified by BRAFclassification in patients with RASwild-type tumors (C).&lt;/p&gt;
Long-Chain Glucan Adsorption and Depolymerization in Zeolite-Templated Carbon Catalysts (2015)

We demonstrate adsorption and depolymerization of long-chain β-glu strands derived from cellulose, within the microporous confines of a zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) material. The ZTC adsorbs β-glu strands that have a radius of gyration several-fold larger than the ZTC micropore diameter and do so rapidly (less than 2 min) and in adsorbed β-glu coverages of up to 80% of the ZTC mass. Principles of supramolecular chemistry predict that such adsorption occurs inside of the ZTC based on its micropore size as host being nearly ideal for glucan guest. A comparative study of partially etched materials and nitrogen physisorption at −196 °C indeed demonstrates β-glu adsorption to occur within internal ZTC micropores rather than on the external surface. Such adsorption under micropore confinement is expected to place significant mechanical strain on the β-glu strand, and this strain can be in principle relieved by depolymerization via hydrolysis. This hypothesis motivated us to investigate depolymerization of adsorbed β-glu strands in ZTC, where the ZTC serves as a catalyst for adsorbed β-glu hydrolysis. After a 3 h treatment in water at 180 °C, adsorbed β-glu was converted to soluble glucose in 73% yield. This represents the highest glucose yield observed to date for a carbon catalyst without postsynthetic surface functionalization and speaks to the effectiveness of weak-acid sites for β-glu hydrolysis within a constrained micropore environment.