gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural venomics reveals evolution of a complex venom by duplication and diversification of an ancient peptide-encoding gene (2020)

Spiders are one of the most successful venomous animals, with more than 48,000 described species. Most spider venoms are dominated by cysteine-rich peptides with a diverse range of pharmacological activities. Some spider venoms contain thousands of unique peptides, but little is known about the mechanisms used to generate such complex chemical arsenals. We used an integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and structural biology approach to demonstrate that the lethal Australian funnel-web spider produces 33 superfamilies of venom peptides and proteins. Twenty-six of the 33 superfamilies are disulfide-rich peptides, and we show that 15 of these are knottins that contribute >90% of the venom proteome. NMR analyses revealed that most of these disulfide-rich peptides are structurally related and range in complexity from simple to highly elaborated knottin domains, as well as double-knot toxins, that likely evolved from a single ancestral toxin gene.
Estimation of fluorescent Donaldson matrices using a spectral imaging system (2018)

The present paper proposes a method to estimate the bispectral Donaldson matrices of fluorescent objects in a scene with a spectral imaging system. Multiple ordinary light sources with continuous spectral-power distributions are projected sequentially onto object surfaces without controlling the spectral shape of the illumination source. The estimation problem of the Donaldson matrices is solved as an optimization problem, where the residual error of observations by the spectral imaging system is minimized. The reflection, emission, and excitation spectral functions are estimated at each wavelength without using a basis function approximation. To improve the estimation efficiency, the output visible range is segmented into two types of wavelength ranges: one for only reflection and another for both reflection and emission. An iterative algorithm is then developed based on the wavelength segmentation and the physical excitation model. The usefulness of the proposed method is examined in experiments using different fluorescent objects and illuminants. We show the estimation accuracy of the Donaldson matrices, discuss the effective selection of illuminants, and demonstrate an application to spectral analysis and reconstruction of a fluorescent image.
Multiplexing and switching of virtual electrodes in optoelectronic tweezers based on lithium niobate (2012)

We introduce a method for trapping and arranging microparticles in arbitrary two-dimensional patterns with high flexibility. For this purpose, optoelectronic tweezers based on lithium niobate as photoconductor are used to create virtual electrodes through modulated illumination. The evolving field gradients arrange microparticles due to dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces and enable an all-optical approach for DEP. In order to increase flexibility further, we investigate multiplexed electrode structures for in situ reconfiguration of particle arrangements. Using the all-optical erasure of previously written virtual electrodes, we demonstrate electrode switching and sequential particle trapping in a microchannel for microfluidic applications.
Experimental Signals for Hyperphotons (1986)

We discuss experiments for detecting hyperphotons (${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Y}$), which are the real quanta of a hypercharge field whose existence has been suggested by a recent reanalysis of the E\"otv\"os experiment. It is shown that ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Y}$ is best detected as an unobserved neutral in the decays ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Y}$ and ${K}_{S}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Y}$, and that existing experimental limits provide nontrivial constraints on the strength and range of possible hypercharge couplings.
Large Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Polyphenyls and Polyfluorenes (2002)

International audience
A technique to measure the ability of the human nose to warm and humidify air (1999)

To assess the ability of the nose to warm and humidify inhaled air, we developed a nasopharyngeal probe and measured the temperature and humidity of air exiting the nasal cavity. We delivered cold, dry air (19-1 degrees C, <10% relative humidity) or hot, humid air (37 degrees C, >90% relative humidity) to the nose via a nasal mask at flow rates of 5, 10, and 20 l/min. We used a water gradient across the nose (water content in nasopharynx minus water content of delivered air) to assess nasal function. We studied the characteristics of nasal air conditioning in 22 asymptomatic, seasonally allergic subjects (out of their allergy season) and 11 nonallergic normal subjects. Inhalation of hot, humid air at increasingly higher flow rates had little effect on both the relative humidity and the temperature of air in the nasopharynx. In both groups, increasing the flow of cold, dry air lowered both the temperature and the water content of the inspired air measured in the nasopharynx, although the relative humidity remained at 100%. Water gradient values obtained during cold dry air challenges on separate days showed reproducibility in both allergic and nonallergic subjects. After exposure to cold, dry air, the water gradient was significantly lower in allergic than in nonallergic subjects (1,430 +/- 45 vs. 1,718 +/- 141 mg; P = 0.02), suggesting an impairment in their ability to warm and humidify inhaled air.
QSOX1 Inhibits Autophagic Flux in Breast Cancer Cells (2014)

The QSOX1 protein (Quiescin Sulfhydryl oxidase 1) catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds and is involved in the folding and stability of proteins. More recently, QSOX1 has been associated with tumorigenesis and protection against cellular stress. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that QSOX1 reduces proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. In addition, QSOX1 expression has been shown to be induced by oxidative or ER stress and to prevent cell death linked to these stressors. Given the function of QSOX1 in these two processes, which have been previously linked to autophagy, we wondered whether QSOX1 might be regulated by autophagy inducers and play a role in this catabolic process. To answer this question, we used in vitro models of breast cancer cells in which QSOX1 was overexpressed (MCF-7) or extinguished (MDA-MB-231). We first showed that QSOX1 expression is induced following amino acid starvation and maintains cellular homeostasis. Our results also indicated that QSOX1 inhibits autophagy through the inhibition of autophagosome/lysosome fusion. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibitors of autophagy mimic the effect of QSOX1 on cell invasion, suggesting that its role in this process is linked to the autophagy pathway. Previously published data demonstrated that extinction of QSOX1 promotes tumor growth in NOG mice. In this study, we further demonstrated that QSOX1 null tumors present lower levels of the p62 protein. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time a role of QSOX1 in autophagy in breast cancer cells and tumors.
Acyclic and Cyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nucleoside Phosphonate Strategy for Antivirals Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates Cyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates Prodrugs of Nucleoside Phosphonates Clinical Applications of Antiviral Nucleoside Phosphonates Conclusions References
<p>Putting students at the center: moving beyond time-variable one-size-fits-all medical education to true individualization</p> (2019)

Medical education has undergone a wave of creative innovation over the last decade, with new curricular structures, pedagogy, content, and team-based approaches. Augmenting these changes, integration of clinical and scientific principles increasingly occurs across all years of training. Given success in innovation and integration, as well as recent interest and national pilots in time-variable (competency-based) education, we propose the next important step in medical education evolution is individualization.
Osmolyte effect on the stability and folding of a hyperthermophilic protein (2007)

Proteins are known to be stabilized by naturally occurring osmolytes such as amino acids, sugars, and methylamines. Here, we examine the effect of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) on the conformational stability of ribonuclease HII from a hyperthermophile, Thermococcus kodakaraensis (Tk-RNase HII), which inherently possesses high conformational stability. Heat- and guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding experiments demonstrated that the conformational stability of Tk-RNase HII in the presence of 0.5M TMAO was higher than that in the absence of TMAO at all examined temperatures. TMAO affected the unfolding and refolding kinetics of Tk-RNase HII to a similar extent. These results indicate that proteins are universally stabilized by osmolytes, regardless of their robustness, and suggest a stabilization mechanism by osmolytes, caused by the unfavorable interaction of osmolytes with protein backbones in the denatured state. Our results also imply that the basic protein folding principle is not dependent on protein stability and evolution.
Myristicin: a potential cancer chemopreventive agent from parsley leaf oil (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMyristicin: a potential cancer chemopreventive agent from parsley leaf oilGuo Qiang. Zheng, Patrick M. Kenney, and Luke K. T. LamCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 1, 107–110Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00013a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00013a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition from Polarization Disorder to Antiphase Polarization Domains in a Fiber Laser (2014)

Adjusting polarization coupling in a fiber ring laser may lead to anti-synchronization of spatio-temporal disorder into ordered laminar states of orthogonal polarization temporal domains, as well as stable lattices of soliton trains.
Effect of growth conditions on stoichiometry in MBE-grown GaAs (1985)

The effects of varying As4/Ga flux ratio r, substrate temperature and growth rate on the deviation from stoichiometry in GaAs grown by MBE have been investigated. The deviation from stoichiometry was directly measured by detecting intensity variation of a weak quasiforbidden (200) reflection of x rays. Using this new method, we obtained the following results: in the regions of r&amp;lt;1.0 and r&amp;gt;2.0, higher densities were detected in the As lattice plane. The behavior for r&amp;lt;1.0 is contrary to the expectation of decrease of As. A possible explanation for this higher reflection in r&amp;lt;1.0 is that some Ga atoms may exist at interstitial site in the As lattice plane. It is also seen that densities of atoms in the As lattice plane decrease with increasing substrate temperature. In correspondence with the results that the growth condition with flux ratio r=1.4 minimizes the deviation from stoichiometry, it is found that GaAs films grown under the condition r=1.4 show the highest quality of the electrical and optical properties.
I Must Represent Jesus (1984)

No one wanted a woman preacher and they didn't have one little nook to put me in.I was finally sent to Monroe Mission: a piece of ground with weeds taller than my head.Even the district superintendent said, 'Lea, this church will never grow; you have no money, no one to provide leadership.My child, you do not know what you are doing.'With no money, no support, no encouragement, and almost everything against you, what do you do but fall on your knees and beg God to help you get up and go to work each day?Strangely enough, it didn't seem so hard!" Few ministers of either gender experience what this small lady preacher has.Her unique and compelling story bears retelling.Lea 1 oyner remembers moving to Grayson, Louisiana-a town of 400 that looked metropolitan in the eyes of an eager 12-year-old.Grayson offered farming opportunities for her family when no other work was available.Her father, however, was not much of a farmer."We all knew we were going to starve to death," she recalls.After two years the small family secured other employment: her mother took in "all kinds of work" and learned to make do with scant provisions; her father walked three miles to his new job; and Lea found employment in a local store, earning ten dollars a month.At 15, Lea gave her heart to the Lord and immediately sensed that God had a job for her to do.She broke with her parents' Baptist faith, joined the Methodist Protestant church and awaited God's leading.College seemed out of the question, until an acquaintance with the president of Techuana college opened a closed door."Bring $35.00," he told Lea, "and I'll help you get a job."She did, and he kept his word.Soon she found herself keeping house for a local family and attending school.Tasks were often unpleasant, but her
Androgenetic Alopecia (2003)

BACKGROUND Medical treatment or surgical reconstruction is used separately to treat androgenetic alopecia. Two drug molecules (5% minoxidil solution and oral finasteride 1 mg) have proven efficacy to stabilize hair loss and promote hair regrowth. Microtransplant of one to three hair follicular unit grafts can provide a definitive hair restoration with a natural appearance. OBJECTIVES Aesthetic results can be optimized with a combination of drugs and transplantation of follicular unit grafts. The Dynamic Multifactorial Classification is used to select suitable candidates for this combined approach and also to assess follow-up results. RESULTS Dynamic Multifactorial Classification assists the evaluation of the natural history of androgenetic alopecia evolution and also the effects of treatment. Regression of male androgenetic alopecia from Hamilton type V to type III can be achieved by combining drugs with hair grafts. CONCLUSION Improvement of investigative methods and especially the Dynamic Multifactorial Classification makes it easier for a patient to follow the results of treatment adapted to their case.
Microstructure development in lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin films during annealing (2002)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films with a Zr/Ti ratio of 52/48 were prepared by a sol-gel method on platinized Si, (0001) sapphire, and (100) MgO substrates. The evolution in crystallinity was studied in real time during annealing with an in-situ X-ray diffraction system using a Ruud-Barrett Position sensitive Scintillation Detector (R-B PSSD). Annealing rates of 50/spl deg/C min/sup -1/ and 100/spl deg/C min/sup -1/ were utilized to study the growth of an intermediate fluorite or pyrochlore phase and the perovskite phase. This provided evidence on the structure evolution during heat treatment. It is also proposed in this study that spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) be used to examine the microstructure evolution of PZT thin films during annealing. Changes in optical properties, i.e., the refractive index, as a function of temperature can be determined. Because the refractive index depends on the crystal phase, SE can serve as an indirect means of following the crystallization. The volume fraction of the crystalline phases, the film thickness, and the presence of the surface roughness can also be obtained from SE measurement.
(3-Methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-5H-4,7-methanoisoxazolo[4,5-d][1,2]oxazin-5-yl)(phenyl)methanone (2014)

The title compound, C14H14N2O3, is the exo isomer with a syn arrangement of two O atoms in the isoxazole and oxazine rings. The dihedral angle between the isoxazole and phenyl rings is 60.38 (4)°. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network. The isoxazole O atom is an acceptor for three of these hydrogen bonds.
Time-frequency distributions-a review (1989)

A review and tutorial of the fundamental ideas and methods of joint time-frequency distributions is presented. The objective of the field is to describe how the spectral content of a signal changes in time and to develop the physical and mathematical ideas needed to understand what a time-varying spectrum is. The basic gal is to devise a distribution that represents the energy or intensity of a signal simultaneously in time and frequency. Although the basic notions have been developing steadily over the last 40 years, there have recently been significant advances. This review is intended to be understandable to the nonspecialist with emphasis on the diversity of concepts and motivations that have gone into the formation of the field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice (2021)

Coffee has been shown to attenuate sarcopenia, the age-associated muscle atrophy. Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β growth/differentiation factor superfamily, is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, and MSTN-inhibition increases muscle mass or prevents muscle atrophy. This study, thus, investigated the presence of MSTN-inhibitory capacity in coffee extracts. The ethanol-extract of coffee silverskin (CSE) but not other extracts demonstrated anti-MSTN activity in a pGL3-(CAGA)<sub>12</sub>-luciferase reporter gene assay. CSE also blocked Smad3 phosphorylation induced by MSTN but not by GDF11 or Activin A in Western blot analysis, demonstrating its capacity to block the binding of MSTN to its receptor. Oral administration of CSE significantly increased forelimb muscle mass and grip strength in mice. Using solvent partitioning, solid-phase chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC, two peaks having MSTN-inhibitory capacity were purified from CSE. The two peaks were identified as <i><sup>β</sup>N</i>-arachinoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide (C<sub>20</sub>-5HT) and <i><sup>β</sup>N</i>-behenoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide (C<sub>22</sub>-5HT) using mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. In summary, the results show that CSE has the MSTN-inhibitory capacity, and C<sub>20</sub>-5HT and C<sub>22</sub>-5HT are active components of CSE-suppressing MSTN activity, suggesting the potential of CSE, C<sub>20</sub>-5HT, and C<sub>22</sub>-5HT being developed as agents to combat muscle atrophy and metabolic syndrome.
Evaluation of classifiers for polarimetric SAR classification (2013)

Polarimetric SAR data is been extensively used for the application of land use and land cover classification. Various classifier approaches have been applied to many different polarimetric images employing numerous features. In this paper, we want to provide an evaluation of commonly used supervised classifiers within the field of polarimetric SAR classification considering the effects of different number of training samples. Two polarimetric SAR images are considered representing an easier 4 class and more complex 15 class problem using a small set of eigen-decomposition features and tested with Neural Network, SVM, and Decision Tree classifiers. Results show that already rather small training sets can provide comparable results reducing the need for large labeled training data especially considering more challenging classification tasks. This can be further investigated in the area of semi-supervised learning.
Maximum-Entropy Density Estimation (2011)

<strong>4.1 Introduction</strong> An <i>uncertain </i>system yields random outputs even for deterministic inputs. Consequently, design and analysis of such systems require faithful models of this uncertainty. In a statistical framework, these models are typically specified by probability distributions, which are often unknown <i>a priori</i> and must therefore be estimated from available data or information. Unfortunately, the observed uncertainty may not be uniquely specified by a single distribution. In this case, unique densities are obtained by constraining candidate densities to satisfy additional optimality criteria. Motivated by the principles of information theory, we now detail how entropy may be used as one such constraint.
Tailor-Made Additives for Morphology Control in Molecular Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaics (2012)

Tailor-made additives, which are molecules that share the same molecular structure as a parent molecule with only slight structural variations, have previously been demonstrated as a useful means to control crystallization dynamics in solution. For example, tailor-made additives can be added to solutions of a crystallizing parent molecule to alter the crystal growth rate, size, and shape. We apply this strategy as a means to predictably control morphology in molecular bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic cells. Through the use of an asymmetric oligomer substituted with a bulky triisobutylsilyl end group, the morphology of BHJ blends can be controlled resulting in a near doubling (from 1.3 to 2.2%) in power conversion efficiency. The use of tailor-made additives provides promising opportunities for controlling crystallization dynamics, and thereby film morphologies, for many organic electronic devices such as photovoltaics and field-effect transistors.
Enlargement of papillary glioneuronal tumor in an adult after a follow-up period of 10 years: a case report (2018)

Papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT) is a rare brain tumor grouped under mixed glioneuronal tumors according to the World Health Organization Classification of the Central Nervous System. The natural history of this pathology is not yet well documented. We report a case of PGNT that increased in size after a follow-up period of 10 years. An enlarged cyst wall and nodule showed a low intensity signal on T2*-weighted, suggesting hemorrhage during the clinical course. Characteristic pathological findings along with absence of <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> mutation identified the tumor as PGNT. The tumor characteristics of PGNT are discussed based on the presented case, with reference to the existing literature.
Analysis of the lane-change behavior at lane closure by driving simulation experiment (2013)

To mitigate the traffic congestion at merging sections in urban expressway networks, a dynamic lane operation is being studied in Japan, which dynamically switches one lane to either approach of a merging section with more traffic demand. To evaluate the safety concern, the lane-change behavior when one lane is closed by variable barrier which is informed by variable message sign (VMS) is analyzed in this study. A driving simulation experiment is conducted for the analysis considering the implementation of the dynamic lane operation for merging sections at Route C1 of Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway. Traffic condition and the distance between a lane-closure point and the VMS are considered as critical factors affecting the risky behavior, and their influence on the lane change behavior is studied.