gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-Fos or pERK, Which is a Better Marker for Neuronal Activation and Central Sensitization After Noxious Stimulation and Tissue Injury? (2009)

c-Fos, the protein of the protooncogene c-fos, has been extensively used as a marker for the activation of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord for more than twenty years since Hunt et al. first reported that peripheral noxious stimulation to a hind paw of rats leads to a marked induction of c-Fos in superficial and deep dorsal horn neurons in 1987. In 1999, Ji et al. reported that phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) is specifically induced by noxious stimulation in superficial dorsal horn neurons. Accumulating evidence indicates that pERK induction or ERK activation in dorsal horn neurons is essential for the development of central sensitization, increased sensitivity of dorsal horn neurons that is responsible for the generation of persistent pain. Further, molecular mechanisms underlying ERK-mediated central sensitization have been revealed. In contrast, direct evidence for c-Fos-mediated central sensitization is not sufficient. After a noxious stimulus (e.g., capsaicin injection) or tissue injury, c-Fos begins to be induced after 30-60 minutes, whereas pERK can be induced within a minute, which can correlate well with the development of pain hypersensitivity. While c-Fos is often induced in the nuclei of neurons, pERK can be induced in different subcellular structures of neurons such as nuclei, cytoplasma, axons, and dendrites. pERK can even be induced in spinal cord microglia and astrocytes after nerve injury. In summary, both c-Fos and pERK can be used as markers for neuronal activation following noxious stimulation and tissue injury, but pERK is much more dynamic and appears to be a better marker for central sensitization.
Travel and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases (1996)

Travel is a potent force in the emergence of disease. Migration of humans has been the pathway for disseminating infectious diseases throughout recorded history and will continue to shape the emergence, frequency, and spread of infections in geographic areas and populations. The current volume, speed, and reach of travel are unprecedented. The consequences of travel extend beyond the traveler to the population visited and the ecosystem. When they travel, humans carry their genetic makeup, immunologic sequelae of past infections, cultural preferences, customs, and behavioral patterns. Microbes, animals, and other biologic life also accompany them. Today's massive movement of humans and materials sets the stage for mixing diverse genetic pools at rates and in combinations previously unknown. Concomitant changes in the environment, climate, technology, land use, human behavior, and demographics converge to favor the emergence of infectious diseases caused by a broad range of organisms in humans, as well as in plants and animals.
Predicted Separation of Phospholipids from Soybean by Chromatography on Silica with Changes in Solvent Composition (2000)

Normal-phase HPLC was used to separate the useful phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) from soybean lecithin. The mobile phase used in this experiment consisted of hexane, isopropanol, and methanol. The step-gradient mode was applied because the three components could not be separated by isocratic mode. To find the optimum separation conditions, the concentration profiles of effluents from a column were simulated by the retention factor and the plate theory in the step-gradient mode. The retention factor was correlated by the equation ln k′ = A + BF + CF 2 + DG + EG 2, where the constants A, B, C, D, and E were experimentally determined. F and G are the volume fractions of isopropanol and methanol, respectively. From the calculated results, PE was separated with hexane/isopropanol/methanol (90/5/5 vol%) in the isocratic mode, while PI and PC were resolved in the operating conditions of 15 minutes of gradient time and a second mobile phase of hexane/isopropanol/methanol (50/20/30 vol%) in the step-gradient mode. The agreement between the calculated concentration profile and the experimental data was fairly good, so the methodology developed in this work can be used to obtain useful separation conditions for stepwise elution.
A new statistic for steady-state evoked potentials (1991)

Steady-state evoked potentials are often characterized by the amplitude and phase of the Fourier component at one or more frequencies of interest. We introduce a new statistic for the evaluation of these Fourier components. This statistic, denoted T2circ, is based on the same physiologic assumptions concerning the sources of variability of a Fourier component that are made in the use of the Rayleigh phase-coherence statistic as well as the standard T2 statistic (Hotelling 1931) for multivariate data. However, the T2circ statistic also exploits the relationship between the real and imaginary components of Fourier estimates, which is not exploited by T2, and utilizes amplitude information, which is ignored by the Rayleigh criterion. For these reasons, the T2circ statistic is more efficient than previously used criteria for detection and quantitation of steady-state responses, both in principle and in practice.
Surface Forces and Interaction Mechanisms of Emulsion Drops and Gas Bubbles in Complex Fluids (2017)

The interactions of emulsion drops and gas bubbles in complex fluids play important roles in a wide range of biological and technological applications, such as programmable drug and gene delivery, emulsion and foam formation, and froth flotation of mineral particles. In this feature article, we have reviewed our recent progress on the quantification of surface forces and interaction mechanisms of gas bubbles and emulsion drops in different material systems by using several complementary techniques, including the drop/bubble probe atomic force microscope (AFM), surface forces apparatus (SFA), and four-roll mill fluidic device. These material systems include the bubble-self-assembled monolayer (SAM), bubble-polymer, bubble-superhydrophobic surface, bubble-mineral, water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions with interface-active components in oil production, and oil/water wetting on polyelectrolyte surfaces. The bubble probe AFM combined with reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) was applied for the first time to simultaneously quantify the interaction forces and spatiotemporal evolution of a confined thin liquid film between gas bubbles and solid surfaces with varying hydrophobicity. The nanomechanical results have provided useful insights into the fundamental interaction mechanisms (e.g., hydrophobic interaction in aqueous media) at gas/water/solid interfaces, the stabilization/destabilization mechanisms of emulsion drops, and oil/water wetting mechanisms on solid surfaces. A long-range hydrophilic attraction was found between water and polyelectrolyte surfaces in oil, with the strongest attraction for polyzwitterions, contributing to their superior water wettability in oil and self-cleaning capability of oil contamination. Some remaining challenges and future research directions are discussed and provided.
INERTIAL MICROFLUIDICS: HIGH-THROUGHPUT FOCUSING AND SEPARA- TION OF CELLS AND PARTICLES (2008)

Here we describe a continuous particle focusing and separation system taking advantage of microscale physics but with throughput comparable to macroscale systems. The device simply consists of a single asymmetrically curved channel with tuned dimensions and flow conditions. Unlike mechanical filters, deformable and rigid particles are shown to focus and separate with equal efficiency. Additionally, unlike centrifugation the physical mechanism appears independent of particle buoyancy, decoupling separations based on size from density. The described system, able to process large volumes (~ 1 mL/min, 1% w/v particles) in a small footprint (2.5 cm 2 ) is expected to be useful for a range of applications in which particles of mixed densities must be separated by size, particles are deformable or rigid, and/or large samples must be processed quickly, such as clinical blood cell sorting.
Analysis of Putative Feruloyltransferase Transcript Levels and Cell Wall Composition During Rice Development (2009)

Author(s): Bartley, Laura E.; Manisseri, Chithra; Williams, Brian; Chiniquy, Dawn; Harholt, Jesper; Scheller, Henrik Vibe; Ronald, Pamela C.
Effect of Condition of Preparation on Long-Lasting Afterglow Characteristics of Eu-Dy-Codoped Sr4Al14O25 Phosphor (2010)

Eu, Dy -codoped Sr4Al14O25 phosphors were prepared with B2O3 additives as flux at the temperature of 1300 to 1400°C for 3h in flowing hydrogen gas. These products were characterized by XRD analysis, ESR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM. XRD analysis showed that single phase Sr4Al14O25 was synthesized at the samples added with small amount of B2O3 (B/Sr = 0.2), but the impurity phase was also observed at the samples added with large amount of B2O3 (B/Sr = 0.7). The emission wavelength of the sample added with large amount of B2O3 shifted to shorter wavelength than that of the sample added with small amount of B2O3. The afterglow characteristics of both samples were comparable level. The intensity of emission spectra decreased and afterglow characteristics degraded in the samples cooled in argon gas in behalf of hydrogen. ESR measurement indicated that the change in optical properties of the sample cooled in argon gas due to the oxidation of Eu2+ in the phosphor by trace of oxygen in argon gas.
Application of 3D Visualization Software to Reservoir Simulation Post-Processing (1992)

Abstract Thorough analysis and interpretation of the results of reservoir simulations is an important step in evaluating oil fields. Interpreting the hundreds of thousands of lines of computer output from each simulation run is very time consuming and impractical. The interpretation of conventional 2D areal and cross-sectional maps was an improvement upon the original method of reviewing the numerous lines of output, but it has limitations too. The ability to transform the vast amounts of simulation results into easily understood 3D images helps in our data checking and understanding of reservoir processes. This paper describes the use of a state-of-the art and "off- the-shelf" 3D visualization software in BPX reservoir simulation studies, as exemplified by three Kuparuk River Unit models.
A silica monolayer on alumina and evidence of lack of acidity of silanol attached to alumina (1989)

M. Niwa, T. Hibino, H. Murata, N. Katada and Y. Murakami, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 289 DOI: 10.1039/C39890000289
Reframing the Teenage Wasteland: Adolescent Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2016)

Human adolescence is arguably one of the most challenging periods of development. The young adult is exposed to a variety of stressors and environmental stimuli on a backdrop of significant physiological change and development, which is especially apparent in the brain. It is therefore unsurprising that many psychiatric disorders are first observable during this time. The human intestine is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms, and evidence from both preclinical and clinical research focusing on the established microbiota-gut-brain axis suggests that the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders may be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis. Provocatively, many if not all of the challenges faced by the developing teen have a documented impact on these intestinal commensal microbiota. In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about the developing adolescent brain and intestinal microbiota, discuss recent research investigating the microbiota-gut-brain axis during puberty, and propose that pre- and probiotics may prove useful in both the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders specifically benefitting the young adult.
Piconet interference modeling and performance evaluation of Bluetooth MAC protocol (2002)

The emergence of Bluetooth as a default radio interface has allowed handheld electronic devices to be instantly interconnected as ad-hoc networks. These short range ad-hoc wireless networks, called piconets, operate in the unlicensed 2.45 GHz ISM (industrial-scientific-medical) band where up to eight devices may be used to configure single or overlapping piconets. As all piconets operating in the same frequency band, the presence of multiple piconets creates interference on signal reception. This paper employs a signal capture model to study the piconet MAC performance, taking inter-piconet interference into consideration. Furthermore, extensive simulation is performed to validate the throughput obtained from our model. These results indicate that Bluetooth throughput is sensibly affected by multiple piconet interference.
Crystal and molecular structure of the complex tri-.mu.-methylmercapto-hexacarbonyldiiron(II) tetrakis(cis-1,2-di(perfluoromethyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolato)diiron, [Fe2(.mu.-SCH3)3(CO)6][Fe2(S2C2(CF3)2)4] (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of the complex tri-.mu.-methylmercapto-hexacarbonyldiiron(II) tetrakis(cis-1,2-di(perfluoromethyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolato)diiron, [Fe2(.mu.-SCH3)3(CO)6][Fe2(S2C2(CF3)2)4]Arthur J. Schultz and Richard EisenbergCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 3, 518–525Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50121a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50121a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
SpaceFibre networks: SpaceFibre, long paper (2016)

SpaceFibre [1][2][3] is the next generation of SpaceWire [4] on-board data-handling network technology for spaceflight operations, which runs over both electrical and fibre optic media. SpaceFibre has many benefits compared to SpaceWire, including much higher data-rates, integrated quality of service, fault recovery capabilities, multi-laning with graceful degradation and hot and cold redundancy, and low-latency broadcast messages that can carry 8-bytes of user information. Importantly SpaceFibre is backwards compatible with SpaceWire at the network level, allowing existing SpaceWire equipment to be incorporated into a SpaceFibre network without modification. SpaceFibre networks have been defined by the University of Dundee and STAR-Dundee, and incorporated in the network layer definition of the current draft SpaceFibre standard. STAR-Dundee has designed a SpaceFibre routing switch to evaluate various routing concepts, validate the standard specification and demonstrate a complete SpaceFibre network. A demonstration system has been built and key parts of the SpaceFibre network technology have been demonstrated.
Self-healing Mechanism for Reliable Computing * (2011)

One of the four major processes of an autonomic computing system is to free people from discovering, recovering, and failures, this process is called self-healing. Systems designed to be self-healing are able to heal themselves at runtime in response to changing environmental or operational circumstances. Thus, the goal is to avoid catastrophic failure through prompt execution of remedial actions. This paper proposes a self-healing mechanism that monitors, diagnoses and heals its own internal problems using self-awareness as contextual information. The self-management system that encapsulates the self-healing mechanism related to reliability improvement addresses: (1) Monitoring layer, (2) Diagnosis &amp;amp; Decision Layer, and (3) Adaptation Layer, in order to perform self-diagnosis and self-healing. To confirm the effectiveness of self-healing mechanism, practical experiments are conducted with a prototype system. 1.
The Lyme disease spirochete's BpuR DNA/RNA‐binding protein is differentially expressed during the mammal–tick infectious cycle, which affects translation of the SodA superoxide dismutase (2019)

When the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, transfers from a feeding tick into a human or other vertebrate host, the bacterium produces vertebrate-specific proteins and represses factors needed for arthropod colonization. Previous studies determined that the B. burgdorferi BpuR protein binds to its own mRNA and autoregulates its translation, and also serves as co-repressor of erp transcription. Here, we demonstrate that B. burgdorferi controls transcription of bpuR, expressing high levels of bpuR during tick colonization but significantly less during mammalian infection. The master regulator of chromosomal replication, DnaA, was found to bind specifically to a DNA sequence that overlaps the bpuR promoter. Cultured B. burgdorferi that were genetically manipulated to produce elevated levels of BpuR exhibited altered levels of several proteins, although BpuR did not impact mRNA levels. Among these was the SodA superoxide dismutase, which is essential for mammalian infection. BpuR bound to sodA mRNA in live B. burgdorferi, and a specific BpuR-binding site was mapped 5' of the sodA open reading frame. Recognition of posttranscriptional regulation of protein levels by BpuR adds another layer to our understanding of the B. burgdorferi regulome, and provides further evidence that bacterial protein levels do not always correlate directly with mRNA levels.
Entscheidungsprozesse bei der Verarbeitung lokal ambiger Sätze (1998)

Kognitiv adäquate Modelle des menschlichen Sprachverstehens müssen spezifizieren, wie Sätzen syntaktische Strukturen zugewiesen werden und in welcher Relation die Berechnung syntaktischer Strukturen (Parsing) zu anderen Komponenten sprachlichen Wissens (lexikalisches, semantisches Wissen) steht. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen untersucht man gewöhnlich, wie das Sprachverstehenssystem lokale syntaktische Ambiguitäten auflöst, d.h. Sätze verarbeitet, die temporär mit mehr als einer syntaktischen Struktur kompatibel sind. Experimentelle Untersuchungen lokal ambiger Sätze haben zu zwei zentralen Einsichten geführt (Mitchell, 1994): (i) Im allgemeinen wird eine der möglichen Strukturzuweisungen präferiert. (ii) Wird ein lokal ambiger Satz zugunsten der nicht-präferierten Struktur disambiguiert, kommt es zu Verarbeitungsschwierigkeiten, sog. Garden-Path-Effekten, die hinsichtlich ihres Schweregrades erheblich variieren. Aus diesen Befunden ergeben sich zwei zentrale Fragestellungen: Wie verhält sich das Sprachverstehenssystem, speziell das für die syntaktische Analyse zuständige Teilsystem (im folgenden als Parser bezeichnet), wenn eine syntaktische Ambiguität entsteht, und wie verhält es sich, wenn sich die präferierte Strukturzuweisung als falsch herausstellt? Letztere Fragestellung steht im Mittelpunkt unseres Aufsatzes. Anhand experimenteller Daten wollen wir für eine Modifikation serieller Modelle syntaktischer Verarbeitung mit Blick auf die Verhaltensweise des Parsers am Punkt der Disambiguierung argumentieren.
Telomerase-Associated Protein TEP1 Is Not Essential for Telomerase Activity or Telomere Length Maintenance In Vivo (2000)

TEP1 is a mammalian telomerase-associated protein with similarity to the Tetrahymena telomerase protein p80. Like p80, TEP1 is associated with telomerase activity and the telomerase reverse transcriptase, and it specifically interacts with the telomerase RNA. To determine the role of mTep1 in telomerase function in vivo, we generated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice lacking mTep1. The mTep1-deficient (mTep1(-/-)) mice were viable and were bred for seven successive generations with no obvious phenotypic abnormalities. All murine tissues from mTep1(-/-) mice possessed a level of telomerase activity comparable to that in wild-type mice. In addition, analysis of several tissues that normally lack telomerase activity revealed no reactivation of telomerase activity in mTep1(-/-) mice. Telomere length, even in later generations of mTep1(-/-) mice, was equivalent to that in wild-type animals. ES cells deficient in mTep1 also showed no detectable alteration in telomerase activity or telomere length with increased passage in culture. Thus, mTep1 appears to be completely dispensable for telomerase function in vivo. Recently, TEP1 has been identified within a second ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, the vault particle. TEP1 can also specifically bind to a small RNA, vRNA, which is associated with the vault particle and is unrelated in sequence to mammalian telomerase RNA. These results reveal that TEP1 is an RNA binding protein that is not restricted to the telomerase complex and that TEP1 plays a redundant role in the assembly or localization of the telomerase RNP in vivo.
Study of the Interface Structure of Epitaxial Ultra-Thin Film by an X-Ray Holographic Imaging Method (2009)

An X-ray holographic method that reconstructs a single layer of atoms at the interface between ultra-thin film and substrate crystal is studied. We applied the method to the analysis of the interface structure of iron-silicide grown on the Si(111) surface, the structure of which is considered to be the CsCl-type FeSi. First we confirmed by simulations that the method is useful to discriminate whether an additional layer at the interface exists or not, using calculated X-ray intensities. Next we applied the method to the analysis of experimental data obtained for Si(111)-2×2-Fe. The result indicated the existence of the interface atoms, corresponding to the B8 model for CsCl-type FeSi. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.525]
Trusted hardware sensors for anomaly detection in critical infrastructure systems (2018)

Anomaly Detection Systems (ADS), as part of a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system, are a cyber-security tool for identifying potential threats inside an Information Technology (IT) System. They are widely used in Critical Infrastructure (CI) Systems for protection against attacks that can cause severe problems to public security and welfare. ADS collect information from various kinds of sources and correlate them to identify anomaly events. Such sources can be devices and software sensors which inside a CI context (factories, power plants, remote locations) are placed in open areas and left unattended. Such devices are vulnerable to tampering and malicious manipulation which may then lead an ADS or SIEM system to ignore or falsely alert possible cyber-security problems. In this paper, we describe strategies to mitigate the above problem using hardware means in order to enhance trust on ADS sensors. Furthermore we propose a hardware/software based approach for legacy CI devices that can act as an ADS sensor or a tool for ensuring software ADS sensor data are not tampered.