gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Nanoribbon Gap Waveguides for Dispersionless and Low-Loss Propagation with Deep-Subwavelength Confinement (2021)

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been attracting considerable attention owing to their unique capabilities of manipulating light. However, the intractable dispersion and high loss are two major obstacles for attaining high-performance plasmonic devices. Here, a graphene nanoribbon gap waveguide (GNRGW) is proposed for guiding dispersionless gap SPPs (GSPPs) with deep-subwavelength confinement and low loss. An analytical model is developed to analyze the GSPPs, in which a reflection phase shift is employed to successfully deal with the influence caused by the boundaries of the graphene nanoribbon (GNR). It is demonstrated that a pulse with a 4 μm bandwidth and a 10 nm mode width can propagate in the linear passive system without waveform distortion, which is very robust against the shape change of the GNR. The decrease in the pulse amplitude is only 10% for a propagation distance of 1 μm. Furthermore, an array consisting of several GNRGWs is employed as a multichannel optical switch. When the separation is larger than 40 nm, each channel can be controlled independently by tuning the chemical potential of the corresponding GNR. The proposed GNRGW may raise great interest in studying dispersionless and low-loss nanophotonic devices, with potential applications in the distortionless transmission of nanoscale signals, electro-optic nanocircuits, and high-density on-chip communications.
True2Form (2014)

True2Form is a sketch-based modeling system that reconstructs 3D curves from typical design sketches. Our approach to infer 3D form from 2D drawings is a novel mathematical framework of insights derived from perception and design literature. We note that designers favor viewpoints that maximally reveal 3D shape information, and strategically sketch descriptive curves that convey intrinsic shape properties, such as curvature, symmetry, or parallelism. Studies indicate that viewers apply these properties selectively to envision a globally consistent 3D shape. We mimic this selective regularization algorithmically, by progressively detecting and enforcing applicable properties, accounting for their global impact on an evolving 3D curve network. Balancing regularity enforcement against sketch fidelity at each step allows us to correct for inaccuracy inherent in free-hand sketching. We perceptually validate our approach by showing agreement between our algorithm and viewers in selecting applicable regularities. We further evaluate our solution by: reconstructing a range of 3D models from diversely sourced sketches; comparisons to prior art; and visual comparison to both ground-truth and 3D reconstructions by designers.
Remembering for the Right Reasons: Explanations Reduce Catastrophic Forgetting (2021)

Abstract The goal of continual learning (CL) is to learn a sequence of tasks without suffering from the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. Previous work has shown that leveraging memory in the form of a replay buffer can reduce performance degradation on prior tasks. We hypothesize that forgetting can be further reduced when the model is encouraged to remember the evidence for previously made decisions. As a first step towards exploring this hypothesis, we propose a simple novel training paradigm, called Remembering for the Right Reasons (RRR), that additionally stores visual model explanations for each example in the buffer and ensures the model has “the right reasons” for its predictions by encouraging its explanations to remain consistent with those used to make decisions at training time. Without this constraint, there is a drift in explanations and increase in forgetting as conventional continual learning algorithms learn new tasks. We demonstrate how RRR can be easily added to any memory or regularization‐based approach and results in reduced forgetting, and more importantly, improved model explanations. We have evaluated our approach in the standard and few‐shot settings and observed a consistent improvement across various CL approaches using different architectures and techniques to generate model explanations and demonstrated our approach showing a promising connection between explainability and continual learning. Our code is available at https://github.com/SaynaEbrahimi/Remembering-for-the-Right-Reasons .
[An ecological approach to the problem of the responsibility of men and rats in the workings of a transmission site of Schistosoma mansoni in Guadeloupe (Western Indies) (author's transl)]. (1978)

The study of the rate of contamination of B. glabrata and the cercarial densities of S. mansoni in the chanels of Beaugendre valley (Guadeloupe, French West Indies) concentrates attention on the focalisation of the sites with high risk of contamination. This focalization of the sites of transmission is directly related to the regular deposition of human faeces. A small number of contamined people is enough to maintain high cercarial densities (230 c/1). In the chanel studied, the role of the rat in the transmission of the parasite seems less important than that of the Man. The infection of the rats during consumption of snails can be foreseen.
Modular Compactor of Test Responses (2006)

This paper describes a new time compactor built of multiple-input circular registers of relatively prime length. It has excellent ability to detect errors corresponding to real defects such as errors of small multiplicity and burst errors. It operates in modular arithmetic and uses the Chinese remaindering to diagnose scan errors. Given that circular registers do not multiply errors or X values, the compactor is X tolerant.
Ellisoidal mirror for time-of-flight electron energy analysis (1993)

We have constructed an ellipsoidal electron mirror from a pair of molded stainless steel grids in a fashion similar to the parabolic mirror constructed by Trevor et al.. The ellipsoidal geometry provides superior collection efficiency while maintaining good temporal resolution for our small flight path of 19 cm. We will present data showing the use of this analyzer to separate electrons produced in various channels following the decay of doubly-excited autoionizing states of barium.
Visual Apparent Movement Research: Review, 1935–1955, and Bibliography, 1955–1963 (1964)

Publications from 1935 to 1955 on visual apparent movement are compiled, described and broadly classified by content to facilitate reference search. Since understanding of the basic processes in visual real movement is regarded as essential to the explanation of apparent movement, critical evaluation is minimal and studies of real movement are cited where pertinent. A supplementary appendix provides references covering the period of 1955 to 1963 organized to correspond with text sections that describe the earlier work.
Conditions for Sub-poissonian Photon Statistics and Squeezed States in Resonance Fluorescence (1983)

Abstract We study the conditions for sub-poissonian photon statistics and squeezed states in the field of resonance fluorescence of a two-state atom. These conditions as a function of the detuning from resonance, the linewidth and the Rabi frequency have some overlap, but they are largely complementary. Super-poissonian statistics arise for small linewidths and large detunings, irrespective of the Rabi frequency. Squeezed states require small linewidths and either low or moderate Rabi frequencies, or large detunings from resonance.
Fluidic zoom lens system using two single chamber adaptive lenses with integrated actuation (2011)

We report on a thin zoom lens system using a compact design and an effective fabrication process for flat adaptive fluidic single chamber membrane lenses made of PDMS. The lenses consist of a ring shaped piezo bending actuator with a transparent silicone membrane in the center. A zoom ratio of Z = 1.42 is obtained using two lenses with a membrane diameter of 4 mm. The overall system thickness is only 4.4 mm.
Thermistor array impedance considerations (1978)

This study examines the effects of cable resistance changes on temperature measurement accuracy when using a typical thermistor array for ocean temperature measurements. The analysis demonstrates that while some of the effects can be calculated or calibrated out, the major effects of insulation leakage can not be so corrected. Depending on choice of thermistor, measurement errors as large as a few degrees Celsius are possible, with errors of a few tenths of a degree Celsius likely. Even with great care, errors of a few hundredths of a degree Celsius are probable. To avoid sensitivity to cable impedance changes, it is strongly recommended that appropriate signal conditioning electronics be utilized at the thermistor sensor. The use of signal conversion and line driving electronics will insure that the accuracy of measured parameters will be maximally preserved during transmission to the output end of the array. (Author)
A population of naive‐like CD4+ T cells stably polarized to the TH1 lineage (2022)

T-bet is the lineage-specifying transcription factor for CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub> 1 cells. T-bet has also been found in other CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets, including T<sub>H</sub> 17 cells and Treg, where it modulates their functional characteristics. However, we lack information on when and where T-bet is expressed during T cell differentiation and how this impacts T cell differentiation and function. To address this, we traced the ontogeny of T-bet-expressing cells using a fluorescent fate-mapping mouse line. We demonstrate that T-bet is expressed in a subset of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that have naïve cell surface markers and transcriptional profile and that this novel cell population is phenotypically and functionally distinct from previously described populations of naïve and memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Naïve-like T-bet-experienced cells are polarized to the T<sub>H</sub> 1 lineage, predisposed to produce IFN-γ upon cell activation, and resist repolarization to other lineages in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that lineage-specifying factors can polarize T cells in the absence of canonical markers of T cell activation and that this has an impact on the subsequent T-helper response.
Frontispiece: Practical Antibody Recruiting by Metabolic Labeling with Caged Glycans (2023)

Glycan Engineering. In their Communication (e202303750), Yoshiyuki Manabe, Koichi Fukase et al. report a glycan-display approach that combines metabolic labeling and the glycan-caging strategy for editing cell-surface glycans. The method enables the introduction of antigen glycans onto cancer cells to induce immune responses.
<title>Smooth colorimetric calibration technique utilizing the entire color gamut of CMYK printers</title> (1994)

In order to achieve an ideal colorimetric calibration for CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) printers, we propose a novel CMYK determination technique under the restrictions of a colorimetric match, use of the entire color gamut and a smooth gradation of each primary color. The algorithm proposed here includes the following steps: (1) Obtain the two extreme conditions for CMYK combinations to be able to utilize the entire CMYK gamut, namely Maximum Black technique and Minimum Black, (2) Determine an arbitrary black amount between the two conditions, (3) Apply a smoothing technique for the black amount in a uniform color space, (4) Determine the remaining colors, CMY, for colorimetric match. An iterative smoothing technique in a uniform color space is introduced to obtain visually black gradations. The gradation quality for each primary color is evaluated with a hypothetical unstable printer. The smoothed CMYK technique eliminates sudden changes for each primary color, so that a printer using this technique becomes robust against a change of characteristic curves of the printer such as dot gain.
Limelight on two HIV/SIV accessory proteins in macrophage infection: Is Vpx overshadowing Vpr? (2010)

HIV viruses encode a set of accessory proteins, which are important determinants of virulence due to their ability to manipulate the host cell physiology for the benefit of the virus. Although these viral proteins are dispensable for viral growth in many in vitro cell culture systems, they influence the efficiency of viral replication in certain cell types. Macrophages are early targets of HIV infection which play a major role in viral dissemination and persistence in the organism. This review focuses on two HIV accessory proteins whose functions might be more specifically related to macrophage infection: Vpr, which is conserved across primate lentiviruses including HIV-1 and HIV-2, and Vpx, a protein genetically related to Vpr, which is unique to HIV-2 and a subset of simian lentiviruses. Recent studies suggest that both Vpr and Vpx exploit the host ubiquitination machinery in order to inactivate specific cellular proteins. We review here why it remains difficult to decipher the role of Vpr in macrophage infection by HIV-1 and how recent data underscore the ability of Vpx to antagonize a restriction factor which counteracts synthesis of viral DNA in monocytic cells.
Pharmacokinetic considerations in abuse liability evaluation (1991)

The behavioral effects of a drug are related to three factors: its intrinsic pharmacological activity, its physicochemical properties, and its pharmacokinetic parameters. In many cases differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination may explain the different abuse liability profiles of drugs from within the same pharmacological class. Rapid absorption rate and high lipid solubility are the most important factors contributing to early drug concentrations in the brain. Differences in drug metabolism may be related to dose-dependent kinetics, first-pass metabolism, and variations in genetic traits (e.g. poor or extensive metabolizers). Metabolic pathways may produce active metabolites with similar or greater pharmacological activity than the parent substance. Drugs with a rapid elimination rate have been associated with greater self-administration and with early emergence of withdrawal symptoms. More pharmacokinetic studies are needed in human drug abuse liability evaluations. Knowledge of the plasma concentrations of drugs and their pharmacokinetic parameters can be essential to interpret differences among similar drugs in human abuse liability assessments.
Age, sex and underlying heart rate as determinants of nocturnal heart rate variability among wearable smart ring users (2020)

Abstract Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important marker of overall health and especially cardiovascular health. Decreased HRV has been associated with reduced vagal control of heart rate and with adverse outcome in several studies. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of demographic factors (age and sex) and underlying heart rate on nocturnal HRV among wearable smart ring users. Methods De-identified data was gathered from 104,431 wearable smart ring users over the course of one week (640,911 nights; 65% men and 35% women; age 42.6±12.1 years). Inclusion criteria included self-reported age of ≥20 years and sleep duration ≥4 hours. The ring estimates heart rate and HRV with photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors and calculates the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) between adjacent inter-beat-intervals (IBI) for 5-minute segments throughout each night. The average HRV in these segments was then taken to represent the cardiac parasympathetic activity among each user. In addition, rate-corrected HRV was calculated by dividing the rMSSD value with mean IBI (crMSSD = 100 * rMSSD/IBI). Results Nocturnal HRV was significantly dependent on age and underlying heart rate (Figure). The observed rMSSD values declined with age (P&amp;lt;0.001) in both men and women. Concomitant decrease in rMSSD was observed with increasing heart rate in each age group (P&amp;lt;0.001). Statistically significant sex-related differences were observed in HRV. Men had higher crMSSD during the early decades of life (&amp;lt;40 years) than women. This difference diminished with age and women ≥50 years had higher crMSSD than their male coevals. The average resting heart rate decreased with age and was lower among men throughout the age groups (P&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusions Normal aging is associated with reduced cardiac vagal modulation and is reflected as decreased nocturnal HRV values among male and female wearable smart ring users. The underlying heart rate is a significant factor for the degree of HRV throughout life. In this population, the sex-related differences observed during the early decades of life diminish on the verge of midlife and are reversed later in life with women showing higher HRV during and after midlife. Effects of age and HR on HRV Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Oura Health Ltd
The gadd and MyD Genes Define a Novel Set of Mammalian Genes Encoding Acidic Proteins That Synergistically Suppress Cell Growth (1994)

A remarkable overlap was observed between the gadd genes, a group of often coordinately expressed genes that are induced by genotoxic stress and certain other growth arrest signals, and the MyD genes, a set of myeloid differentiation primary response genes. The MyD116 gene was found to be the murine homolog of the hamster gadd34 gene, whereas MyD118 and gadd45 were found to represent two separate but closely related genes. Furthermore, gadd34/MyD116, gadd45, MyD118, and gadd153 encode acidic proteins with very similar and unusual charge characteristics; both this property and a similar pattern of induction are shared with mdm2, whic, like gadd45, has been shown previously to be regulated by the tumor suppressor p53. Expression analysis revealed that they are distinguished from other growth arrest genes in that they are DNA damage inducible and suggest a role for these genes in growth arrest and apoptosis either coupled with or uncoupled from terminal differentiation. Evidence is also presented for coordinate induction in vivo by stress. The use of a short-term transfection assay, in which expression vectors for one or a combination of these gadd/MyD genes were transfected with a selectable marker into several different human tumor cell lines, provided direct evidence for the growth-inhibitory functions of the products of these genes and their ability to synergistically suppress growth. Taken together, these observations indicate that these genes define a novel class of mammalian genes encoding acidic proteins involved in the control of cellular growth.
The Semiempirical Quantum Mechanical Scoring Function for In Silico Drug Design (2013)

This Minireview discusses the latest developments in modern quantum mechanics (QM)-based computer-aided drug design, especially using semiempirical QM (SQM) methods. It first tackles biochemical and biophysical quantities and the approaches to their measurements. Protein-ligand affinities are determined mostly by noncovalent interactions. The text thus illustrates how these can be accurately treated with SQM methods. Next, a construction of a modern SQM-based scoring function is presented and its applications listed. In summary, SQM-based scoring is a promising modern efficient strategy to be exploited in computer-aided drug design.
Disability in adults with arthrogryposis is severe, partly invisible, and varies by genotype (2018)

This study describes disability patterns of a cohort of adults with AMC by genotype. The disability of adults with AMC is influenced by genotype, with important invisible disability.
Electron and Hole Transport through Mesoporous TiO2 Infiltrated with Spiro‐MeOTAD (2007)

Charge transport in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell is investigated. Unexpectedly, hole transport in the organic component (Spiro-MeOTAD) is faster than the electron transport in the inorganic component (TiO2). The electron mobility or diffusion coefficient through TiO2 does not increase with increasing illumination intensity, as would be predicted by the multitrapping model for electron transport. The results highlight that poor electron transport in TiO2 is a key issue for further improvements in device performance.
Paediatric Ambulatory Surgery (2018)

The International Association for Ambulatory Surgery (IAAS) defined Ambulatory surgery in 1995 as a ‟surgical or diagnostic interventions, currently performed with traditional hospitalisation, that could, in most cases, be accomplished with complete confidence without a night of hospitalisation. Among other things, these procedures require the same technically sophisticated facilities as when done on an inpatient basis, rigorous pre-operative selection procedure and post operative follow up of for several hoursˮ.&#13;\n
Spontaneous resolution of a blunt traumatic main pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (2023)

A 73-year-old man with paradoxical breathing following blunt trauma was transferred to our emergency department. He was hemodynamically stable and showed no hemoptysis. Chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed multiple rib fractures with pneumothorax, and left main pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) of 18 mm diameter. Internal pneumatic stabilization for flail chest was achieved and the starting positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was above 10 cmH2O. Traumatic PAP (tPAP) was resolved gradually 10 days later, and regained normal diameter 2 months later (Figure 1). Initial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed the left main pulmonary artery (PA) aneurysm (arrow) and mediastinum hematoma. Three-dimensional CT of the PA also revealed an irregular shaped aneurysm (arrow) indicating pseudoaneurysm. Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm is a lethal complication of cardiac diseases, infection, iatrogenic injuries, or penetrating trauma.1, 2 Traumatic PAPs may form when re-epithelialization of the perforation does not occur, and are commonly located in the periphery.2 Angiography can be definitive diagnostic modality of CECT and transection, rupture or dissection of the PA can be discrimination. Clinical presentation could be asymptomatic or include hemoptysis, and massive hemoptysis resulting in high mortality could suggest tPAP rupture.3 Depending on etiology, size, and intravascular pressure, tPAP could stabilize and resolve or expand and rupture.3 Standard treatment is endovascular embolization rather than surgery, and conservative management can be selected depending on location, size, or lack of symptoms.4, 5 Decreasing intravascular pulmonary artery pressure using PEEP could avoid tPAP rupture nonoperatively. The authors would like to thank Enago for the English language review. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Approval of the research protocol: N/A. Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. Registry and registration no. of the study/trial: N/A. Animal studies: N/A. Data openly available in a public repository that issues datasets with DOIs.