gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling timbre distance with temporal statistics from polyphonic music (2005)

Timbre distance and similarity are expressions of the phenomenon that some music appears similar while other songs sound very different to us. The notion of genre is often used to categorize music, but songs from a single genre do not necessarily sound similar and vice versa. In this work, we analyze and compare a large amount of different audio features and psychoacoustic variants thereof for the purpose of modeling timbre distance. The sound of polyphonic music is commonly described by extracting audio features on short time windows during which the sound is assumed to be stationary. The resulting down sampled time series are aggregated to form a high-level feature vector describing the music. We generated high-level features by systematically applying static and temporal statistics for aggregation. The temporal structure of features in particular has previously been largely neglected. A novel supervised feature selection method is applied to the huge set of possible features. The distances of the selected feature correspond to timbre differences in music. The features show few redundancies and have high potential for explaining possible clusters. They outperform seven other previously proposed feature sets on several datasets with respect to the separation of the known groups of timbrally different music.
Investigation of biomass concentration, lipid production, and cellulose content in Chlorella vulgaris cultures using response surface methodology (2013)

The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris produce lipids that after extraction from cells can be converted into biodiesel. However, these lipids cannot be efficiently extracted from cells due to the presence of the microalgae cell wall, which acts as a barrier for lipid removal when traditional extraction methods are employed. Therefore, a microalgae system with high lipid productivity and thinner cell walls could be more suitable for lipid production from microalgae. This study addresses the effect of culture conditions, specifically carbon dioxide and sodium nitrate concentrations, on biomass concentration and the ratio of lipid productivity/cellulose content. Optimization of culture conditions was done by response surface methodology. The empirical model for biomass concentration (R(2) = 96.0%) led to a predicted maximum of 1123.2 mg dw L(-1) when carbon dioxide and sodium nitrate concentrations were 2.33% (v/v) and 5.77 mM, respectively. For lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio (R(2) = 95.2%) the maximum predicted value was 0.46 (mg lipid L(-1) day(-1) )(mg cellulose mg biomass(-1) )(-1) when carbon dioxide concentration was 4.02% (v/v) and sodium nitrate concentration was 3.21 mM. A common optimum point for both variables (biomass concentration and lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio) was also found, predicting a biomass concentration of 1119.7 mg dw L(-1) and lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio of 0.44 (mg lipid L(-1) day(-1) )(mg cellulose mg biomass(-1) )(-1) for culture conditions of 3.77% (v/v) carbon dioxide and 4.01 mM sodium nitrate. The models were experimentally validated and results supported their accuracy. This study shows that it is possible to improve lipid productivity/cellulose content by manipulation of culture conditions, which may be applicable to any scale of bioreactors.
Smart cards inside (2005)

Today's smartcard- and security-ICs are no longer just phone cards, they are now embedded cryptographic security processors and have to face special challenges concerning architecture, design methodology and technology. The requirements for power consumption and performance are quite contradictory. On the one hand, embedded Java capability needs the high computing power of a 16 bit or even 32 bit CPU core. On the other hand the contactless mode of operation requires lowest power ability. Smartcard ICs have specific coprocessors for efficient execution of several cryptographic algorithms and a set of peripherals to enable a flexible use of the controller for many kinds of applications. The most important challenge of security ICs is their resistance against attacks. An overview of invasive and noninvasive attacks and examples for appropriate countermeasures in system and circuit design is given.
Analysis of pilocytic astrocytoma by comparative genomic hybridization (2000)

Very little is known about genetic abnormalities involved in the development of pilocytic astrocytoma, the most frequently occurring brain tumour of childhood. We have analysed 48 pilocytic astrocytoma specimens using comparative genomic hybridization. Only five of 41 tumours from children showed abnormalities detectable by comparative genomic hybridization, and in each case this represented gain of a single chromosome. Interestingly, two of seven tumours from adults showed abnormalities, which were multiple and relatively complex. Six of the seven tumours showing abnormalities were from female patients (two adults and four children). The most frequently detectable abnormality was gain of 9q34.1-qter, which was present in three cases (two adult and one paediatric).
Analysis of multispectral signatures of the shot (2011)

The paper presents some practical aspects of sniper IR signature measurements. Description of particular signatures for sniper shot in typical scenarios has been presented. We take into consideration sniper activities in the open area as well as in urban environment. The measurements were made at field test ground. High precision laboratory measurements were also performed. Several infrared cameras were used during measurements to cover all measurement assumptions. Some of the cameras are measurement-class devices with high accuracy and frame rates. The registrations were simultaneously made in UV, NWIR, SWIR and LWIR spectral bands. The infrared cameras have possibilities to install optical filters for multispectral measurement. An ultra fast visual camera was also used for visible spectra registration. Exemplary sniper IR signatures for typical situation were presented. LWIR imaging spectroradiometer HyperCam was also used during the laboratory measurements and field experiments. The signatures collected by HyperCam were useful for the determination of spectral characteristics of shot.
High‐Energy Proton‐Beam‐Induced Polymerization/Oxygenation of Hydroxynaphthalenes on Meteorites and Nitrogen Transfer from Urea: Modeling Insoluble Organic Matter? (2020)

Formation and structural modification of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxyPAHs) by UV irradiation on minerals have recently been proposed as a possible channel of PAH transformation in astrochemical and prebiotic scenarios of possible relevance for the origin of life. Herein, it is demonstrated that high-energy proton-beam irradiation in the presence of various meteorites, including stony iron, achondrite, and chondrite types, promotes the conversion of two representative oxyPAH compounds, 1-naphthol and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, to complex mixtures of oxygenated and oligomeric derivatives. The main identified products include polyhydroxy derivatives, isomeric dimers encompassing benzofuran and benzopyran scaffolds, and, notably, a range of quinones and perylene derivatives. Addition of urea, a prebiotically relevant chemical precursor, expanded the range of identified species to include, among others, quinone diimines. Proton-beam irradiation of oxyPAH modulated by nitrogen-containing compounds such as urea is proposed as a possible contributory mechanism for the formation and processing of insoluble organic matter in meteorites and in prebiotic processes.
Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Experiments and Modeling Study of Jets in Crossflow (2016)

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) with acetone seeding was applied to measure the scalar fields of an axisymmetric freejet and an inclined jet in crossflow as applicable to film cooling. From the scalar fields, jet-mixing and trajectory characteristics were obtained. In order to validate the technique, the canonical example of a nonreacting freejet of Reynolds numbers 900–9000 was investigated. Desired structural characteristics were observed and showed strong agreement with computational modeling. After validating the technique with the axisymmetric jet, the jet in crossflow was tested with various velocity ratios and jet injection angles. Results indicated the degree of wall separation for different injection angles and demonstrated both the time-averaged trajectories as well as select near-wall concentration results for varying jet momentum fluxes. Consistent with literature findings, the orthogonal jet trajectory for varying blowing ratios collapsed when scaled by the jet-to-freestream velocity ratio and hole diameter, rd. Similar collapsing was demonstrated in the cases of a nonorthogonal jets. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations using the openfoam software were used to compare predictions with select experimental cases and yielded reasonable agreement. Insight into the importance and structure of the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) and general flow field turbulence was highlighted by cross validation between CFD and experimental results.
Viral and host immune regulatory mechanisms in hepatitis C virus infection (2006)

Recent studies suggest that liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is controlled by several mechanisms, including host regulatory immune responses and viral polypeptides interacting with cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity. This article provides an overview about current thinking on host-pathogen symbiotic relationship in HCV infection and its significance with respect to pathogenesis. Special emphasis is given to regulatory T-cell subsets which have recently received attention and which are thought to play a major role in persistent viral infections such as HCV.
Comparison of[18F]FDG-PET, [99mTc]-HMPAO-SPECT, and [123I]-iomazenil-SPECT in localising the epileptogenic cortex (1997)

FDG-PET seemed to localise the epileptogenic cortex more accurately than interictal iomazenil-SPECT in patients with complicated focal epilepsy.
Off-label use of rilpivirine in combination with emtricitabine and tenofovir in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients (2016)

To assess the safety and efficacy of rilpivirine in combination with emtricitabine and tenofovir (RPV/FTC/TDF) as a once-daily single-tablet regimen (STR) in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents we performed a multicenter case series study of HIV-1-infected patients. Inclusion criteria were initiation of therapy with RPV/FTC/TDF before the age of 18. Patients were divided into undetectable viral load (uVL) group, HIV-1 RNA < 20 copies/mL on stable combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and detectable viral load (dVL) group, HIV-1 RNA ≥ 20 copies/mL at RPV/FTC/TDF initiation. Patients were monitored from the date of RPV/FTC/TDF initiation until June 30, 2015, RPV/FTC/TDF discontinuation or failure to follow-up. Seventeen patients (8 in uVL and 9 in dVL group) with age between 11.6 and 17.6 were included. Reasons for switching were toxicity (n = 4) and simplification (n = 4) in uVL; viral failure (n = 8) and cART initiation (n = 1) in the dVL group. After a median follow-up of 90 (uVL) and 40 weeks (dVL), 7/8 (86%) patients maintained and 8/9 (89%) achieved and maintained HIV-1 suppression. Median CD4 count increased from 542 to 780/μL (uVL, P = 0.069) and 480 to 830/μL (dVL, P = 0.051). Five patients (2 in uVL and 3 in dVL) improved their immunological status from moderate to no immunosuppression. Serum lipid profiles improved in both groups; cholesterol dropped significantly in the dVL group (P = 0.008). Grade 1 laboratory adverse events (AEs) were observed in 3 patients. No clinical AEs occurred. Adherence was complete in 9 patients (5 in uVL and 4 in dVL); 1 adolescent interrupted treatment. Once-daily STR with RPV/FTC/TDF may be a safe and effective choice in selected HIV-1-infected adolescents and children.
Platelet-derived growth factor does not stimulate prostacyclin synthesis by cultured endothelial cells (1986)

We examined the effect of highly purified platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on prostacyclin (PGI2) release by cultured human umbilical vein and bovine aortic endothelial cells. PDGF tested at concentrations equal to or exceeding those observed in serum did not increase endothelial cell PGI2 synthesis as measured by radioimmunoassay of its metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In contrast, cells incubated with 20% human whole blood serum (WBS) demonstrated significantly increased PGI2 production (fivefold stimulation). Addition of anti-PDGF antibody to the 20% WBS did not attenuate the increased synthesis of PGI2. Incubation with 20% plasma-derived serum (PDS) that was deficient in PDGF produced stimulation of PGI2 release similar to 20% WBS. These results demonstrate that PDGF does not cause increased PGI2 synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells of human or bovine origin, and further suggest that the stimulation observed with serum is not due to a platelet-release product.
Affine invariant total variation models (2008)

Since their introduction in a classical paper by Rudin, Osher and Fatemi [2], total variation minimizing models have become one of the most popular and successful tools for image restoration. Unfortunately, the total variation functional is not invariant under general affine transformation. Invariance under affine transformation is very important for many image processing tasks. In this paper we introduce a new affine invariant regularization functional which has many properties similar to total variation and can be used for affine invariant denoising and restoration tasks.
Optical compensation of distorted data image caused by interference fringe distortion in holographic data storage (2009)

Photopolymer materials shrink because of photopolymerization. This shrinkage distorts the recorded interference fringes in a medium made of such material, which in turn degrades the reconstructed image quality. Adaptive optics controlled by a genetic algorithm was developed to optimize the wavefront of the reference beam while reproducing in order to compensate for the interference fringe distortion. We defined a fitness measure for this genetic algorithm that involves the mean brightness and coefficients of the variations of bit data "1" and "0". In an experiment, the adaptive optics improved the reconstructed image to the extent that data could be reproduced from the entire area of the image, and the signal to noise ratio of the reproduced data could be improved.
A New Criterion for Bounded Component Analysis (2021)

&lt;div&gt;In this paper we present a new criterion for bounded component analysis, a quite new approach for the Blind Source Separation problem. For the determined case, we show that the `1-norm of the estimated sources can be used as a contrast for the problem. We present a blind algorithm for the source separation of independents sources or mixtures of correlated sources by only a rotation matrix. We also present a variety of simulations assessing the performance of the proposed approach.&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Data from The m<sup>6</sup>A Reader YTHDF2 Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression by Suppressing RIG-I–Mediated Immune Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary table ST3&lt;/p&gt;
The optical properties and electronic structure of magnesium (1967)

The optical constants of a single crystal of magnesium have been measured in the spectral range from 1.1 to 2.2 μm using a polarimetric reflection technique. The results show a strong polarization-dependent absorption peak, centred about 0.71 eV, arising from optical interband transitions.
Estimating the principal curvatures and the darboux frame from real 3-D range data (2003)

Principal curvatures and the local Darboux frame are natural tools to be used during processes which involve extraction of geometric properties from three-dimensional (3-D) range data. As second-order features their estimations are highly sensitive to noise and therefore, until recent years, it was almost impractical to extract reliable results from real 3-D data. Since the use of more accurate 3-D range imaging equipment has become more popular, as well as the use of polyhedral meshes to approximate surfaces, evaluation of existing algorithms for curvature estimation is again relevant. The work presented here, makes some subtle but very important modifications to two such algorithms, originally suggested by Taubin (1995) and Chen and Schmitt (1992). The algorithms have been adjusted to deal with real discrete noisy range data, given as a cloud of sampled points, lying on surfaces of free-form objects. The results of this linear time (and space) complexity implementation were evaluated in a series of tests on synthetic and real input. We also present one of many possible uses for these extracted features in an efficient and robust application for the recovery of 3-D geometric primitives from range data of complex scenes. The application combines the segmentation, classification and fitting processes in a single process which advances monotonously through the recovery procedure. It is also very robust and does not use any least-squares fittings. The conclusion of this study is that with current scanning technology and the algorithms presented here, reliable estimates of the principal curvatures and Darboux frame can be extracted from real data and used in a large variety of tasks.
An overview of systems studies of automated highway systems (1991)

A comprehensive systems study of the factors influencing the design, development, and deployment of an intelligent vehicle highway system is summarized. Candidate system concepts and system implementation strategies that have a high potential for successful deployment with a minimum of disruptive influence and cost impact on the current highway system are identified and analyzed. A system concept is recommended together with a plan for its development and deployment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparative Penetration of Glycopyrrolate and Atropine across the Blood-Brain and Placental Barriers in Anesthetized Dogs (1979)

The levels of 14C-glycopyrroIate, a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent, appearing in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum (S) following a single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg were determined in mongrel dogs during barbiturate anesthesia and compared with levels reached in dogs treated with sim
Facial Emotion Recognition Based on Facial Motion Stream Generated by Kinect (2015)

Nowadays, the human facial emotion recognitionhas been used in wide range of applications that is directlyinvolved in a human life. Due to the fragility of humans, theperformance in these applications has to be improved. In this paper, we describe the novel approach to extractthe facial feature from moving pictures. We introduce thefacial movement stream, which is derived from the distancemeasurement between each pair of the coordinates locatedon human facial wireframe flowing through each frame ofthe movement. We have proposed the Facial EmotionRecognition Based on Facial Motion Stream generated byKinect employing two kinds of facial features. The first onewas just a simple distance value of each pair-wisecoordinates packed into 153-dimensional feature vector perframe. The second one was derived from the first one basedon Structured Streaming Skeleton approach and it became765-dimensional feature vector per frame. We have presented the method to construct the datasetby ourselves since there was no dataset available for ourapproach. The facial movements of five people were collectedin the experiment. The result shows that the averageaccuracy of SSS feature outperformed the simple distancefeature using K-Nearest Neighbors by 10% and that usingSupport Vector Machine by 26%.
Pinar (2012)

When I turned up, unannounced, at Pinar Kaçmaz's family home in Bismil, in Turkey's mainly Kurdish southeast, the young girl had been dead only three weeks. Her story had made headlines in the media. Captions under a photo showing a young blonde woman reclining on a sofa implied that her unchaste behavior had caused her downfall.KeywordsYoung SiblingFamily HomeWood StoveCompulsory Military ServiceHonor KillingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Efficient hierarchical inter picture coding for H.264/AVC baseline profile (2009)

Bi-predictive (B) slices are not supported in the Baseline profile of the Advanced Video Coding (H.264/AVC) standard, which results in a decreased coding efficiency compared with other profiles supporting B slices. However, many application standards, such as the mobile multimedia services specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), use only the Baseline profile for H.264/AVC. Therefore, it is worth investigating H.264/AVC coding when only intra (I) and inter (P) slices are supported. In this paper, a content-adaptive Quantization Parameter (QP) cascading scheme for the hierarchical P coding method compatible with Baseline profile of H.264/AVC is proposed. The proposed method is based on a picture-level QP optimization. The proposed method has a significantly better rate-distortion performance than the traditional IPPP coding structure and outperforms hierarchical P coding methods using fixed delta QP settings between temporal levels noticeably with up to 0.53 dB gain in average luminance Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR).
Recirculation of Reactive Fines - an Optimization Strategy for Existing Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification Systems (2017)

In industrial dual fluidized bed gasifiers, flue gas and producer gas ashes are generally re-injected in the system with the aim of recovering bed material and unconverted carbon. The impact of such recirculation on the gas quality has however not been investigated before. Some of the ash components found in these fly ashes are known to positively affect the gas composition, char gasification and tar content of the producer gas and, as a consequence, their recirculation is expected to impact these parameters. In order to investigate these effects, recirculation of coarse fly ashes was carried out in the Chalmers 2-4MWth gasifier, by first artificially creating a substantial amount of fly ashes by injection of fine particles of untreated olivine. The fly ashes collected were recirculated at several occasion and the gas quality assessed. It was found that recirculation of reactive fly ashes enhances the gas quality, in particular in term of tar concentration. This improvement was also observed to be lasting, suggesting change in the bed material composition. Very high bed activity was reached after two days during which only the combustor was functioning, and this despite an extensive regeneration of the bed.