gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLEKULARE UMLAGERUNGEN VON TRIS‐CHELATEN 2. MITT. KINETIK UND WAHRSCHEINLICHER MECHANISMUS DER ISOMERISIERUNG UND RACEMISIERUNG DER ′SCHNELLEN′ KOMPLEXE TRIS‐(1‐PHENYL‐5‐METHYL‐HEXANDION‐(2,4)‐ATO)‐ALUMINIUM(III) UND ‐GALLIUM(III) (1971)

Abstract Anhand von 1 H‐NMR‐Untersuchungen, speziell der temperaturabhängigen Isopropyl‐Methyl‐Signale, wird angenommen, daß die intramolekularen Umlagerungen der Komplexe (I) in Chlorbenzol geometrische Isomerisierung und Inversion der Konfiguration einschließen und diese wahrscheinlich über Twist‐ Prozesse und Bindungsspaltung unter Bildung von quadratisch‐pyramidalenaxialen Übergangszuständen erfolgen.
Influence of void fraction calculation on fidelity of CFD‐DEM simulation of gas‐solid bubbling fluidized beds (2014)

The correct calculation of cell void fraction is pivotal in accurate simulation of two‐phase flows using a computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) approach. Two classical approaches for void fraction calculations (i.e., particle centroid method or PCM and analytical approach) were examined, and the accuracy of these methodologies in predicting the particle‐fluid flow characteristics of bubbling fluidized beds was investigated. It was found that there is a critical cell size (3.82 particle diameters) beyond which the PCM can achieve the same numerical stability and prediction accuracy as those of the analytical approach. There is also a critical cell size (1/19.3 domain size) below which meso‐scale flow structures are resolved. Moreover, a lower limit of cell size (1.63 particle diameters) was identified to satisfy the assumptions of CFD‐DEM governing equations. A reference map for selecting the ideal computational cell size and the suitable approach for void fraction calculation was subsequently developed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 2000–2018, 2014
Removal of Inclusions Using Micro-bubble Swarms in a Four-strand, Full-scale, Water Model Tundish (2016)

Water model experiments were performed in a full-scale, delta-shaped water model tundish, in order to study the removal of inclusions by micro-bubbles. Micro-bubbles were generated using a specially designed ladle shroud with twelve laser-drilled orifices. Gas flow rates, injection positions and multi-port injection were all taken into consideration to create different bubble conditions. Bubbles were recorded using a high speed camera and post-processed with commercial software, Image J. Hollow glass borosilicate microspheres, smaller than 100 µm, were used to simulate inclusions, and detected, in-situ, using a new generation of the Aqueous Particle Sensor, APS III. The results revealed that the effect of micro-bubbles on inclusion removal depends greatly on the gas injection protocols used. The optimum gas flow rate was an intermediate value, which indicates a minimum particle number density, np, of about 7.85/ml. This results from the counter-balancing effects of bubble sizes against the total number of bubbles. The highest inclusion removal rate was 80%, when gas was injected through the four ports located closest to the slide gate, at a gas flow rate of 0.2 L/min.
Exogenous Vitamins K Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Dissociated from Their Role as Substrates for Synthesis of Endogenous MK-4 in Murine Macrophages Cell Line (2021)

Vitamins K exert a range of activities that extend far beyond coagulation and include anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory action remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that various forms of exogenous vitamins-K<sub>1</sub>, K<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub> (MK-4, MK-5, MK-6 and MK-7)-regulated a wide scope of inflammatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro, including NOS-2, COX-2, cytokines and MMPs. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 on their own. Vitamins with shorter isoprenoid chains-K<sub>1</sub>, K<sub>3</sub> and MK-5-exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory potential than vitamins with longer isoprenoid chains (MK-6 and MK-7) and simultaneously were preferably used as a substrate for MK-4 endogenous production. Most interesting, atorvastatin pretreatment inhibited endogenous MK-4 production but had no impact on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamins K. In summary, our results demonstrate that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 using exogenous vitamins K, and statin inhibits this process. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous vitamins K was independent of endogenous MK-4 synthesis.
Views of obstetric patients who refuse regional anesthesia in cesarean section. (1998)

Anesthesiologists should be aware of patients' feeling or concern and could be capable and willing to discuss with them the relevant problems.
Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Shoulder (2000)

Previous studies have hypothesized that the shoulder may be used to absorb some impact energy and reduce chest injury due to side impacts. Before this hypothesis can be tested, a good understanding of the injury mechanisms and the kinematics of the shoulder is critical for occupant protection in side impact. However, existing crash dummies and numerical models are not designed to reproduce the kinematics and kinetics of the human shoulder. The purpose of this study was to develop a finite element model of the human shoulder in order to achieve a deeper understanding of the injury mechanisms and the kinematics of the shoulder in side impact. Basic anthropometric data of the human shoulder used to develop the skeletal and muscular portions of this model were taken from commercial data packages. The shoulder model included three bones (the humerus, scapula and clavicle) and major ligaments and muscles around the shoulder. This model was then integrated into a human thorax model developed at Wayne State University (WSU) along with pre-existing models of other body parts such as the pelvis and the lower extremities. Material properties used for the model were taken from the literature. The model was first used to simulate lateral shoulder impact study by the Association Peugeot- Renault (APR) followed by simulations of several of the 17 rigid and padded cadaveric impacts conducted on a side impact sled at WSU. Contact forces measured at the levels of shoulder, thorax, abdomen and pelvis were used as response variables to validate the model. Additionally, a cadaveric test involving the deployment of a generic side airbag was also used to check the validity of the model. Model prediction of accelerations of the shoulder matched well against those measured experimentally. The role of the shoulder in side impact protection and the reduction of injury to the ribcage are discussed, based on model results.
Annealing behavior of Al–Y alloy film for interconnection conductor in microelectronic devices (1991)

Progress in patterning technologies and computer-aided circuit designs have brought us to the threshold of submicron dimensions in the fabrication of very large scale integrated circuits. For metallization at submicron dimensions, several requirements must be satisfied. In the present study we have prepared pure Al and Al–Y alloy films with different yttrium concentration by electron-beam evaporation and evaluated several annealing characteristics for the Al–Y/(100)Si system by using a transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and measuring the electrical resistivity. We found that in the Al–0.7 wt % (0.2 at. %) Y alloy film annealed above 300 °C the electrical resistivity decreases to a value similar to that of a pure Al film, that is, 2.9 μΩ cm, and the same concentration of yttrium is also sufficient to minimize the generation and growth of annealing hillocks. These results are explained by the compositional and microstructural changes occurring in the Al–Y/(100)Si system.
Exploring beyond methacrylates. (2000)

Siloranes, a new class of ring opening monomers, are presented as a promising resin matrix for dental composites. The synthesis of these monomers, and further consequences of the new chemistry for the formulation are discussed. Two selected silorane composites are presented with their mechanical data and their volume shrinkage.
Intent-Based User Segmentation with Query Enhancement (2013)

With the rapid advancement of the internet, accurate prediction of user's online intent underlying their search queries has received increasing attention from online advertising community. This paper aims to address the major challenges with user queries in the context of behavioral targeting advertising by proposing a query enhancement mechanism that augments user's queries by leveraging a user query log. The empirical evaluation demonstrates that the authors' methodology for query enhancement achieves greater improvement than the baseline models in both intent-based user classification and user segmentation. Different from traditional user segmentation methods, which take little semantics of user behaviors into consideration, the authors propose a novel user segmentation strategy by incorporating the query enhancement mechanism with a topic model to mine the relationships between users and their behaviors in order to segment users in a semantic manner. Comparing with a classical clustering algorithm, K-means, the experimental results indicate that the proposed user segmentation strategy helps improve behavioral targeting effectiveness significantly. This paper also proposes an alternative to define user's search intent for the evaluation purpose, in the case that the dataset is sanitized. This approach automatically labels users in a click graph, which are then used in training an intent-based user classifier.
Decrease of Cytomegalovirus Replication in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected–Patients after Treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (1999)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, as measured by a hybrid capture assay, was used to measure the effectiveness of "immune reconstitution" in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Of the 28 enrolled patients (mean age, 38 years), 86% were male and 68% were antiretrovirally naive. Of the 23 patients who returned for follow-up, baseline median characteristics were 4.1 log10 CMV DNA copies/106 white blood cells (WBCs), 5.1 log10 HIV RNA copies/mL, and 35 CD4 cells/mm3. After initiation of HAART, median log10 CMV DNA copies/106 WBCs at means of 33, 87, and 385 days were 4.0, 3.3, and 2.5, respectively. Median log10 HIV RNA levels declined from 5.1 to 1.7 at 385 days with a commensurate rise in median CD4 T cells to 166/mm3. Immune reconstitution secondary to HAART results in a significant and progressive decline in CMV viremia in the absence of specific anti-CMV therapy.
Genome-derived insights into the biology of the hepatotoxic bloom-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain 90 (2012)

Genome analysis demonstrated that this strain invests heavily in the production of bioactive compounds and restriction-modification systems. This well-annotated genome provides a platform for future studies on the ecology and biology of these important bloom-forming cyanobacteria.
Human-Guided Flood Mapping (2018)

Hurricane-induced flooding can lead to substantial loss of life and huge damage to infrastructure. Mapping flood extent from satellite or aerial imagery is essential for prioritizing relief efforts and for assessing future flood risk. Identification of water extent in such images can be challenging considering the heterogeneity in water body size and shape, cloud cover, and natural variations in land cover. In this effort, we introduce a novel cognitive framework based on a semi-supervised learning algorithm, called HUman-Guided Flood Mapping (HUG-FM), specifically designed to tackle the flood mapping problem. Our framework first divides the satellite or aerial image into patches leveraging a graph-based clustering approach. A domain expert is then asked to provide labels for a few patches (as opposed to pixels which are harder to discern). Subsequently, we learn a classifier based on the provided labels to map flood extent. We test the efficacy and efficiency of our framework on imagery from several recent flood-induced emergencies and results show that our algorithm can robustly and correctly detect water areas compared to the state-of-the-art. We then evaluate whether expert guidance can be replaced by the wisdom of a crowd (e.g., crisis volunteers). We design an online crowdsourcing platform based on HUG-FM and propose a novel ensemble method to leverage crowdsourcing efforts. We conduct an experiment with over $50$ participants and show that crowdsourced HUG-FM (CHUG-FM) can approach or even exceed the performance of a single expert providing guidance (HUG-FM).
High-speed, InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well, 1.55 μm singlemode modulator (1991)

1.55 μm singlemode ridge waveguide modulators based on electroabsorption in InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum wells (MQW) are reported. A 10dB extinction ratio was obtained by applying a 2V drive voltage to a 100 μm long device with a 3dB on-state loss. The 3dB cutoff frequency is 12.5GHz.
Polarized-low-energy-electron-diffraction study of the mechanism of electron reflection from W(001) at low energies (1981)

Polarized-low-energy-electron-diffraction (PLEED) measurements on W(001) are reported for incidence conditions close to the (01) beam threshold [energies $2&lt;E&lt;9$ eV, polar angles $15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}&lt;\ensuremath{\theta}&lt;45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, (01) azimuth]. The intensity structure $I(E)$ on the low-energy side of the threshold is found to depend on the spin polarization of the incident electrons. For $\ensuremath{\theta}&gt;25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, corresponding peaks in ${I}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}(E)$ and ${I}^{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}(E)$ are split in proportion to their width [symbols \ensuremath{\uparrow} (\ensuremath{\downarrow}) designate spin up (down) with respect to the scattering plane]. For $\ensuremath{\theta}&lt;25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ the splitting-to-width ratio increases, and a shoulder grows up on the low-energy side of the lowest-energy peak of ${I}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}(E)$. The observations are explained by the superposition of reflection-amplitude contributions from "direct" or single scattering at the substrate and "indirect" processes in which the (01) beam is multiply reflected between the substrate and the surface-potential barrier. For $\ensuremath{\theta}&gt;25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ the differences between ${I}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}(E)$ and ${I}^{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}(E)$ derive from the spin dependence of the phase of superposition of direct and indirect amplitude terms. The main effects come from the first indirect term, which corresponds to a single reflection at the surface potential barrier. For $\ensuremath{\theta}&lt;25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ there are additional important contributions from higher-order indirect terms. These terms add coherently to produce a resonance perturbation of the line shape of ${I}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}(E)$. The present results, taken together with earlier LEED results, indicate that the threshold interference mechanism is the dominant mechanism of very low-energy (10 eV) electron reflection at the W(001) surface.
821 The Prrx1 Homeodomain Transcription Factor Plays a Central Role in Pancreatic Regeneration and Carcinogenesis (2013)

group (p= 0.001). We observed a linear association between the number of EUS criteria and PGE2 levels: for each additional EUS criteria, mean PGE2 levels increased by 61pg/ml. This association was significant in both univariate ( β = 0.34, p= 0.03) and multivariate analysis (β = 0.35, p= 0.03) after adjusting for age, gender, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. In contrast, bicarbonate levels decreased by 4.5 mEq/L with each additional EUS criteria (p= 0.04). The addition of PGE2 to bicarbonate improved the ROC for detection of MCCP from 62 to 72%. Conclusion: Pancreatic juice PGE2 levels are elevated in MCCP and correlate with the number of EUS features present. The association with EUS features is linear, suggesting a possible role of PGE2 levels for diagnosis of MCCP and the potential use of COX-2 inhibitors to halt disease progression at early stages.
Pacemaker therapy did not reduce recurrent vasovagal syncope (2003)

Source Citation Connolly SJ, Sheldon R, Thorpe KE, et al. Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289:2224-9. 12734133
Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen of Wnt/β-catenin signaling identifies therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (2021)

Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a key driver of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and of great therapeutic importance. In this study, we performed comprehensive CRISPR screens to interrogate the regulatory network of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells. We found marked discrepancies between the artificial TOP reporter activity and β-catenin-mediated endogenous transcription and redundant roles of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor transcription factors in transducing β-catenin signaling. Compiled functional genomic screens and network analysis revealed unique epigenetic regulators of β-catenin transcriptional output, including the histone lysine methyltransferase 2A oncoprotein (KMT2A/Mll1). Using an integrative epigenomic and transcriptional profiling approach, we show that KMT2A loss diminishes the binding of β-catenin to consensus DNA motifs and the transcription of β-catenin targets in CRC. These results suggest that KMT2A may be a promising target for CRCs and highlight the broader potential for exploiting epigenetic modulation as a therapeutic strategy for β-catenin-driven malignancies.
Web based longitudinal ECG monitoring (2002)

A Web based ECG monitoring service in which a longitudinal clinical record is used for management of patients, is described. The Web application is used to collect clinical data from the patient's home. A database server acts as a central repository where this clinical information is stored. A Web browser provides access to the patient's records and clinical data. An intelligent software agent on the Web server is activated whenever new patient data is collected remotely from the home. The agent compares historical data with newly acquired data. Using this method, an optimum patient care strategy can be evaluated, with reminders and suggestions for action sent to the doctor and patient by email.
Breast Cancer Detection by B7-H3–Targeted Ultrasound Molecular Imaging (2015)

Ultrasound complements mammography as an imaging modality for breast cancer detection, especially in patients with dense breast tissue, but its utility is limited by low diagnostic accuracy. One emerging molecular tool to address this limitation involves contrast-enhanced ultrasound using microbubbles targeted to molecular signatures on tumor neovasculature. In this study, we illustrate how tumor vascular expression of B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7 family of ligands for T-cell coregulatory receptors, can be incorporated into an ultrasound method that can distinguish normal, benign, precursor, and malignant breast pathologies for diagnostic purposes. Through an IHC analysis of 248 human breast specimens, we found that vascular expression of B7-H3 was selectively and significantly higher in breast cancer tissues. B7-H3 immunostaining on blood vessels distinguished benign/precursors from malignant lesions with high diagnostic accuracy in human specimens. In a transgenic mouse model of cancer, the B7-H3-targeted ultrasound imaging signal was increased significantly in breast cancer tissues and highly correlated with ex vivo expression levels of B7-H3 on quantitative immunofluorescence. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the use of B7-H3-targeted ultrasound molecular imaging as a tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer detection in patients.
A novel dysfunctional protein C (Protein C Padua 2) associated with a thrombotic tendency: substitution of Cys for Arg‐1 results in a strongly reduced affinity for binding of Ca++ (1993)

A dysfunctional protein C (PC) molecule (Protein C Padua 2) was found in a 40-year-old man presenting with recurrent deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism and a family history of thrombotic disease. The patient exhibited a normal PC antigen level, normal chromogenic activity (using Protac as PC activator) but markedly reduced coagulometric activity. After adsorption of patient plasma onto Al(OH)3, between 30% and 45% PC antigen/chromogenic activity but no coagulometric activity was detectable in the supernatant. The dysfunctional molecule exhibited reduced affinity for a Ca++ dependent anti-protein C monoclonal antibody as detected by specific ELISA assay. Immunoblotting experiments showed that PC Padua 2 had an increased MW (95 kD v 65 kD for normal PC). The lesion responsible was determined by PCR/direct sequencing to be a heterozygous CGT/TGT transition in exon 3 of the protein C gene resulting in the substitution of Arg by Cys at residue--1 in the pro-peptide leader sequence. The presence of a high MW PC was consistent with the fact that (part of) the propeptide (at least Cys-1) still was attached to the protein C molecule. This finding could also explain the strongly reduced affinity of PC Padua 2 for the Ca++ dependent anti-protein C monoclonals.
Calix[4]arene-Functionalized Naphthalene and Perylene Imide Dyes (2002)

Calix[4]arenes bearing one, two, or four 1,8-naphthyl imide groups at the wide rim and bis-calix[4]arenes connected via perylene-bisimide dye spacers have been synthesized. The low-temperature NMR spectrum of the tetranaphthylimide suggests, in agreement with a crystal structure, a C2-symmetrical pinched cone conformation stabilized via face-to-face π−π interactions between opposite naphthylimide groups. UV−vis and fluorescence studies have been carried out for the perylene bis-calix[4]arene dyes.
Automated Quantitative Plaque Analysis for Discrimination of Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion and Subtotal Occlusion in Computed Tomography Angiography (2016)

Automated computed tomography plaque analysis may be applied as a noninvasive tool to differentiate CTO from SO.
A small molecule—DNA binding landscape (2015)

This brief account traces the development of a "competition dialysis" method used to characterize the structural and sequence selectivity of DNA binding compounds. The method was inspired by a simple "differential dialysis" method pioneered by Don Crothers to explore base-selective intercalator binding. Results from compiled competition dialysis studies provide a small-molecule DNA binding landscape that shows a rich diversity of interactions and molecular recognition.