gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact integrated photonic components for lambda=3-15 micron (2019)

Chemicals are best recognized by their unique wavelength specific optical absorption signatures in the molecular fingerprint region from &lambda;=3<sup>-15</sup>&mu;m. In recent years, photonic devices on chips are increasingly being used for chemical and biological sensing. Silicon has been the material of choice of the photonics industry over the last decade due to its easy integration with silicon electronics as well as its optical transparency in the near-infrared telecom wavelengths. Silicon is optically transparent from 1.1 &mu;m to 8 &mu;m with research from several groups in the mid-IR. However, intrinsic material losses in silicon exceed 2dB/cm after &lambda;~7&mu;m (~0.25dB/cm at &lambda;=6&mu;m). In addition to the waveguiding core, an appropriate transparent cladding is also required. Available core-cladding choices such as Ge-GaAs, GaAs-AlGaAs, InGaAs-InP would need suspended membrane photonic crystal waveguide geometries. However, since the most efficient QCLs demonstrated are in the InP platform, the choice of InGaAs-InP eliminates need for wafer bonding versus other choices. The InGaAs-InP material platform can also potentially cover the entire molecular fingerprint region from &lambda;=3<sup>-15</sup>&mu;m. At long wavelengths, in monolithic architectures integrating lasers, detectors and passive sensor photonic components without wafer bonding, compact passive photonic integrated circuit (PIC) components are desirable to reduce expensive epi material loss in passive PIC etched areas. In this paper, we consider miniaturization of waveguide bends and polarization rotators. We experimentally demonstrate suspended membrane subwavelength waveguide bends with compact sub-50μm bend radius and compact sub-300&mu;m long polarization rotators in the InGaAs/InP material system. Measurements are centered at &lambda;=6.15&mu;m for sensing ammonia.
Connected digit recognition by means of reservoir computing (2011)

Most automatic speech recognition systems employ Hidden Markov Models with Gaussian mixture emission distributions to model the acoustics. There have been several attempts however to challenge this approach, e.g. by introducing a neural network (NN) as an alternative acoustic model. Although the performance of these so-called hybrid systems is actually quite good, their training is often problematic and time consuming. By using a reservoir – this is a recurrent NN with only the output weights being trainable – we can overcome this disadvantage and yet obtain good accuracy. In this paper, we propose the first reservoir-based connected digit recognition system, and we demonstrate good performance on the Aurora-2 testbed. Since RC is a new technology, we anticipate that our present system is still sub-optimal, and further improvements are possible.
Interactive tv (2005)

Interactive television has been on the brink of taking off since the mid-1980s. Unfortunately, downward economic shifts, social resistance, and technological failure have hampered the growth of iTV. Is the current status of iTV any better? Can iTV shed its tattered image? Moreover, are there revenue-generating opportunities for content owners, distributors, aggregators, agencies, and advertisers? The answer, by all accounts, is yes.
Smoking Habits and Risk of Benign Breast Disease (1991)

The relationship between smoking habits and the risk of benign breast disease (BBD) was analyzed using data from a case-control study conducted between 1981 and 1983 in the greater Milan area, Northern Italy. Cases (n = 288) were women with histologically confirmed BBD (203 dysplasia, 85 benign tumours) referred to the National Cancer Institute of Milan for biopsies. Controls were women (n = 291) seen on selected days for a cytological smear for cervical cancer in outpatient clinics of the same Institute. No consistent association emerged between various indicators of smoking habits (smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking) and the risk of BBD. Compared with never smokers the relative risk (RR) of all BBD combined was 0.7 (95% confidence interval, Cl: 0.4-1.3) in exsmokers, 1.4 (95% Cl: 0.8-2.5) in smokers of less than 10 cigarettes per day, and 1.1 (95% Cl: 0.7-1.7) in smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day. There was some suggestion that the risk may be below unity post-menopause, but the relative risks for smokers were not statistically different in pre- (RR = 1.2; 95% Cl: 0.8-1.8) and post-menopausal (RR = 0.6; 95% Cl: 0.2-1.7) women. The risk of benign tumours (chiefly fibradenoma) was higher in current smokers, but this finding was not statistically significant (RR = 1.5; 95% Cl: 0.9-2.6) and the highest risks were observed in the strata of lighter smokers and those with shorter duration of smoking. Overall these results fail to support a negative association between smoking habits and benign breast disease.
Expanded Definition of Functional Operation Conditions and its Effects on the Computation of Functional Broadside Tests (2008)

Functional operation of a synchronous sequential circuit is defined to start after the circuit is initialized to a known state, typically by a synchronizing sequence. The states that the circuit can visit after it is synchronized are called reachable states, and functional operation consists of state-transitions between reachable states. We expand the definition of functional operation to include all the state-transitions that may be traversed during the application of the synchronizing sequence. This adds certain state-transitions that involve unreachable states to the definition of functional operation. Expanding the definition of functional operation is justified by the fact that the circuit needs to be designed for correct operation during the synchronization process. It is advantageous when functional broadside tests are used to avoid over- testing. We study the effect of the expanded definition on the coverage of transition faults.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Raf Kinase Inhibitor RKIP Inhibits MDA-9/Syntenin-Mediated Metastasis in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 180K, Effect of RKIP expression on B-RAF mutant cells&lt;/p&gt;
Design and implementation of online system updater for embedded device (2009)

A method for design and implementation of online embedded system updater based on S3C2440a is proposed.The updater's functions and constitute are described.A special entrance to that updater is laid a emphasis on to introduce how to implement online feature.A solution for NOR FLASH driver and difficult USB device driver for lower-end and USB device driver interface for upper-end is given out.A method for designing reliable communicating upper protocol between them is provided.Finally, the excellent update efficiency and reliability are illuminated.
Voxel Printing Anatomy: Design and Fabrication of Realistic, Presurgical Planning Models through Bitmap Printing (2022)

Most applications of 3-dimensional (3D) printing for presurgical planning have been limited to bony structures and simple morphological descriptions of complex organs due to the fundamental limitations in accuracy, quality, and efficiency of the current modeling paradigm. This has largely ignored the soft tissue critical to most surgical specialties where the interior of an object matters and anatomical boundaries transition gradually. Therefore, the needs of the biomedical industry to replicate human tissue, which displays multiple scales of organization and varying material distributions, necessitate new forms of representation. Presented here is a novel technique to create 3D models directly from medical images, which are superior in spatial and contrast resolution to current 3D modeling methods and contain previously unachievable spatial fidelity and soft tissue differentiation. Also presented are empirical measurements of novel, additively manufactured composites that span the gamut of material stiffnesses seen in soft biological tissues from MRI and CT. These unique volumetric design and printing methods allow for deterministic and continuous adjustment of material stiffness and color. This capability enables an entirely new application of additive manufacturing to presurgical planning: mechanical realism. As a natural complement to existing models that provide appearance matching, these new models also allow medical professionals to "feel" the spatially varying material properties of a tissue simulant-a critical addition to a field in which tactile sensation plays a key role.
Competition between π–π or furan–perfluorophenyl stacking interactions in conjugated compounds prepared from azomethine connections (2011)

Conjugated compounds associating phenyl or pentafluorophenyl units linked viaazomethine bonds to a central furan or furylene–vinylene moiety have been synthesized. The crystal structures of compounds end capped with perfluorophenyl units are analyzed in terms of intermolecular interactions involving the C–HF contacts, π–π interactions and furan–perfluorobenzene interactions. The compound with a furan moiety as spacer presents a stacking mode defined by C–H–F contacts and π–π interactions while the compound based on a furylene–vinylene unit shows a packing pattern exclusively due to strong furan–perfluorobenzene interactions.
Tissue imaging using the transmission of 100-MHz-range ultrasound through a fused quartz fiber (2013)

We have studied transmission methods of high-frequency ultrasonic waves through a thin fiber for direct observation of the microscopic image of the tissue. We reported previously that C-mode images of an artificial bone and an animal bone placed in water were obtained by reflection method using a fused quartz fiber as the probe. In this paper, we describe that the C-mode images of the tissue on the glass in water were obtained by penetration method.
Collision-free visual servoing of an eye-in-hand manipulator via constraint-aware planning and control (2011)

A constraint-aware eye-in-hand visual servoing control law is proposed. The control law is designed for a robot manipulator with an uncalibrated camera mounted on its end-effector. The method uses an image-based command to describe the desired end-effector position with respect to an object with an unknown position. When starting from an unknown position, the control law uses feedback from the camera to move the robot towards the reference image while satisfying a set of system constraints. The visual servoing control law is implemented via a nonlinear model predictive control framework to generate feasible and realistic robot trajectories that respect the robot's joint limits and velocity limits. The control law explicitly keeps the target object within the camera's field of view and avoids potential collisions with workspace obstacles. An appropriate representation of the robot's whole-arm collision constraints is extracted from well-known path planning methods, such as probabilistic road maps and dynamic collision checking algorithms. Experiments using an uncalibrated eye in-hand platform demonstrate the ability of the visual servoing control law to achieve closed-loop positioning via collision-free trajectories, even when the initial object location is uncertain.
A predictive model for the time dependence of concentrations in plating baths (2019)

Abstract An industrial electroplating process is usually based on a long‐term and intensive use of the electrolytes. In most cases, ten to several hundred metal turnovers (MTO) are deposited from a commercial bath. As a consequence, the composition of the electrolyte can change drastically during its use. Furthermore, some bath components are difficult to determine and therefore are not analyzed routinely or not analyzed at all. In this paper is shown how the control of the electrolytes can be realized by mass balances and analyzing of the main components. For this purpose, a nonlinear model for the calculation of the concentration considering drag‐out and the reaction mechanism is defined. Based on this model, the composition of the electrolyte is simulated considering the replenishment and dilution of the bath. By using simulated annealing, the simulated concentrations are fitted to the real concentrations. Based on the known reaction system, the normally unknown characteristic parameters of the deposition like drag‐out, deposited mass, current efficiency, and alloy composition are obtained. These values can then be used for improving process control and calculations of regular additions of bath components. Additionally, this procedure describes a general systematic to validate hypothetical considerations of the reaction mechanism in a galvanic process by practical data.
Mobile information access (2007)

It is likely that mobile phones will soon come to rival more traditional devices as the primary platform for information access. Consequently, it is important to understand the emerging information access behavior of mobile Internet (MI) users especially in relation to their use of mobile handsets for information browsing and query-based search. In this article, we describe the results of a recent analysis of the MI habits of more than 600,000 European MI users, with a particular emphasis on the emerging interest in mobile search. We consider a range of factors including whether there are key differences between browsing and search behavior on the MI compared to the Web. We highlight how browsing continues to dominate mobile information access, but go on to show how search is becoming an increasingly popular information access alternative especially in relation to certain types of mobile handsets and information needs. Moreover, we show that sessions involving search tend to be longer and more data-rich than those that do not involve search. We also look at the type of queries used during mobile search and the way that these queries tend to be modified during the course of a mobile search session. Finally we examine the overlap among mobile search queries and the different topics mobile users are interested in.
Self‐assemblies in ion‐containing polymers (1999)

Abstract Recent interest in ion‐containing polymers is connected with the general shift of the main emphasis of polymer industry to functional polymer systems. The review of the main properties of ion‐containing polymers making them suitable for the use for functional purposes is presented and illustrated by recent experimental and theoretical findings.
A novel large regulator RNA, B2, partially overlaps the HEF1/NEDD9/Cas-L gene (2010)

The non-coding RNAs are new players in cellular and molecular biology. Indeed, quantitative and functional non-coding RNA has long been underestimated. There is a great diversity and it seems that much of the genome is transcribed into RNA, while only 1.2% of DNA information is translated into proteins. Non-coding RNA has been categorized according to different specifications so large non-coding RNA includes RNA with 300 to more than 10,000 bp. In this study, we propose a new non-coding RNA named B2 discovered by differential display. B2 is a nuclear RNA which is 51,011 bp long with no significant open reading frame. This RNA has a continuous homology with the genomic DNA of the HEF1/ NEDD9/Cas-L gene located on 6p24-p25. This homology has enabled us to characterize its structure by choosing overlapping fragments to perform several RT-PCRs. B2 RNA extends from 10 kb upstream of exon 1 of the HEF1 gene on the 5' end to exon 4 HEF1 on the 3' end. In addition, a strategic choice of PCR primers enabled us to determine the location of B2 in the subcellular compartment and then real-time PCR revealed overexpression of B2 and HEF1 in certain tissues such as thymus, cervix, liver, and spleen (among the 20 tissues analysed). B2 seems especially interesting in that it can regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation by modulating HEF1. In addition, the fact that cytostatic treatments can induce B2 reinforces the interest in this new potential target in the development of anticancer treatments. These results show that this novel non-coding RNA is an attractive target.
Reforming the training model of chemical educational skills with microteaching approach (2001)

Employing microteaching we reformed the training model of chemical educational skills, and delved into effective avenues for fostering and improving the teaching abilities of students in normal institutions.
Rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis compensation using inverse-multiplicative feedforward control in magnetostrictive Terfenol-D based actuators (2016)

In [1], a new technique based on the rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii model (RDPI) is presented to compensate for the rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearities effects in piezomicropositioning actuators. In this paper the validity of the proposed compensator is further examined on a magnetostrictive Terfenol-D actuator under input current amplitude of 2.3 A applied at different excitation frequencies. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed compensator can effectively compensate for the rate- dependent hysteresis nonlinearities in a high efficient manner without formulating an inverse model.
The effect of mesenchymal stromal cells of different origin on morphological parameters in the somatosensory cortex of rats with acute cerebral ischemia (2023)

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. So far, promising experimental data have been obtained regarding the elimination of neurological dysfunction and the reduction of the area of ischemic damage when using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Purpose: to characterize the influence of MSCs of different origin, MSC lysate of human Wharton cells and citicoline on the dynamics of destructive changes in the somatosensory cortex of rats with acute cerebrovascular accident according to light microscopy and micromorphometry data. Materials and methods. An experiment was performed using 190 -4-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 160-190 g, which were subjected to transient bilateral 20-minute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) of the internal carotid arteries. After modeling the pathology, the animals were injected into the femoral vein with obtained from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs, human and rat adipose tissue-derived MSCs at a dose of 106 cells/animal. Other groups of experimental animals were intravenously injected with fetal rat fibroblasts at a dose of 106 cells/animal in 0.2 ml of physiological solution and lysate of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs at a dose of 0.2 ml/animal. Control animals were injected IV with 0.2 ml of physiological solution. The last group of rats received a single dose of the reference drug citicoline at a dose of 250 mg/kg. The studies were conducted on the 7th and 14th day. In the somatosensory cortex, the total number of neuron nuclei per 1 mm2 was counted, and the ratio of the number of intact neuron nuclei and nuclei with pathological changes (karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis) was also determined. Results: The transplantation of stem cells, lysate of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs, or citicoline contributed to an increase in the number of neurons with nuclei in the somatosensory cortex, as well as an increase in the number of nuclei that did not undergo pathological changes. The transplantation of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs had the most positive effect. The number of neuron nuclei in 1 mm2 that did not undergo pathological changes in the somatosensory cortex in this group of animals approached the number of nuclei in the group of pseudo-operated animals, while the number of nuclei that did not undergo pathological changes significantly exceeded the number of nuclei with signs of destruction. Conclusion: A significant increase in the number of neurons without signs of pathological changes was observed in all experimental groups of rats during the simulation of ischemic brain damage after the introduction of various types of studied mesenchymal stromal cells, lysate or citicoline. The most positive result in the somatosensory cortex was achieved after the introduction of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs.
Ivabradine and AF: Coincidence, Correlation or a New Treatment? (2020)

Ivabradine is a heart rate-lowering agent that inhibits pacemaker funny current (I<i>f</i>). It has been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration for patients with stable angina and heart failure (HF). AF is a common issue especially in ischaemic heart disease and HF patients. In contrast to experimental findings and a limited number of clinical trials that demonstrate the emerging role of ivabradine for heart rate control in AF or maintenance of sinus rhythm, there is accumulating contradictory data indicating that there is, in fact, an increased incidence of new-onset AF among people who are taking ivabradine in clinical practice. This article reviews the most recent evidence highlighting the diversity of data in relation to the use of ivabradine and the onset of AF and whether it has a legitimate role in AF treatment and the maintenance of sinus rhythm.
Sodium silylsilanolate enables nickel-catalysed silylation of aryl chlorides (2021)

Structurally diverse aryl chlorides were silylated with sodium silylsilanolate reagents in the presence of a Ni(cod)2 catalyst complexed with a phosphine ligand; PMe2Ph for electron-rich substrates, and PCy2Ph for electron-deficient ones. The mild reaction conditions allowed the silylation of various aryl chlorides including functionalised drug molecules.
RAPID DETECTION of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN FOOD BY FLOW CYTOMETRY (1992)

This report describes the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in buffer and in several kinds of food by flow cytometry. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti‐protein A antibodies were used in a 4‐h procedure to label cells, 10 5 ‐10 6 cells/mL are needed. the use of single parameter, green fluorescence, enabled specific differentiation of S. aureus from other bacteria including 11 Staphylococcus species. the flow cytometric method can detect S. aureus in food samples after 48‐h enrichment in trypticase soy broth with 10% NaCl. As low as 2 S. aureus cells present in 10 mL enrichment broth could grow to a population density detectable by the flow cytometric method after enrichment. This method was faster and less laborious than the conventional BAM (Bacteriological Analytical Manual) or AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods, and could be automated for analysis of S. aureus in food.
Activation of proto-oncogenes by disruption of chromosome neighborhoods (2016)

Oncogenes are activated through well-known chromosomal alterations such as gene fusion, translocation, and focal amplification. In light of recent evidence that the control of key genes depends on chromosome structures called insulated neighborhoods, we investigated whether proto-oncogenes occur within these structures and whether oncogene activation can occur via disruption of insulated neighborhood boundaries in cancer cells. We mapped insulated neighborhoods in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and found that tumor cell genomes contain recurrent microdeletions that eliminate the boundary sites of insulated neighborhoods containing prominent T-ALL proto-oncogenes. Perturbation of such boundaries in nonmalignant cells was sufficient to activate proto-oncogenes. Mutations affecting chromosome neighborhood boundaries were found in many types of cancer. Thus, oncogene activation can occur via genetic alterations that disrupt insulated neighborhoods in malignant cells.