gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgG4-related renal disease: clinical and pathological characteristics. (2014)

IgG4-related disease is a recently established systemic condition. Tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most common renal manifestation. Glomerular lesions, particularly membranous glomerulonephritis, can develop simultaneously. Some patients present with serological renal dysfunction associated with elevated IgG or IgE levels and hypocomplementemia, while others are incidentally found to have abnormalities in kidneys on imaging. A majority of patients with IgG4-related kidney disease have similar lesions at other anatomical sites, which help us to suspect this condition. Serum IgG4 elevation (>135 mg/dL) is the most, although not entirely, specific marker for the diagnosis. Imaging findings varies from small nodules to bilateral diffuse abnormalities. In addition to the renal parenchyma, the renal pelvis and perirenal adipose tissue can be affected. Histological features include dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, storiform or "bird's eye" fibrosis (highlighted by PAM stain), and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration (>10 cells/high-power field and IgG4/IgG-positive cell ratio >40%). Immune complex deposition is detectable in the tubular basement membrane by immunofluorescence and/or electron microscopy. Patients usually respond well to corticosteroids, but highly active diseases may require other immunosuppressive therapies. Further investigations will be required to fully understand pathophysiology underlying this emerging condition.
Early Detection of Museum Visitors Identities by Using a Museum Triage (2012)

Abstract. The visitor to a museum may start the visit with an identity that depends on various short-term and long-term personal characteristics of the visitor, the museum itself and the visit context. Falk [2009] posits that the visitor&amp;apos;s identity would be one of the following: explorer, attraction-seeker, professional/hobbyist, recharger, or facilitator. Each one of the identities fits a different behavior in the museum. Early detection of a visitor&amp;apos;s identity at the beginning of the visit would enable better adaptation to the visitor&amp;apos;s needs, and as a result improve the museum visit experience. We present the museum triage concept and its demonstration that are focusing on achieving this goal.
Real-Time Measurement of the Population Densities in Gd Atomic Vapor Using Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy at 394.554 nm (2004)

The absorption spectra of two transitions originating from 0 and 999 cm-1 for atomic Gd were investigated at 394.554 nm. Newly measured transition probabilities are reported. Because of a narrow spectral difference of approximately 0.195 cm-1 between the two transitions, rapid sweeping of the diode laser wavelength made it possible to record both the absorption spectra simultaneously. The adopted technique enabled the real-time monitoring of the fraction of the Gd vapor at the ground energy level.
Intra‐observer agreements in multidisciplinary team assessments of pancreatic cancer patients (2021)

Abstract Background and Methods Treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer patients are made by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) board. We aimed to assess intra‐observer variance at MDT boards. Participating units staged, assessed resectability, and made treatment allocations for the same patients as they did two years earlier. We disseminated clinical information and CT images of pancreatic cancer patients judged by one MDT board to have nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer to the participating units. All units were asked to re‐assess the TNM stage, resectability, and treatment allocation for each patient. To assess intra‐observer variance, we computed %‐agreements for each participating unit, defined as low (&lt;50%), moderate (50%–75%), and high (&gt;75%) agreement. Results Eighteen patients were re‐assessed by six MDT boards. The overall agreement was moderate for TNM‐stage (ranging from 50%–70%) and resectability assessment (53%) but low for treatment allocation (46%). Agreement on resectability assessments was low to moderate. Findings were similar but more pronounced for treatment allocation. We observed a shift in treatment strategy towards increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, particularly in patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced tumors. Conclusions We found substantial intra‐observer agreement variations across six different MDT boards of 18 pancreatic cancer patients with two years between the first and second assessment.
COMMENT: Genetic Variability in Insulin Action Inhibitor Ikkβ (IKBKB) Does Not Play a Major Role in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

Recent evidence indicates that IkappaB kinase beta (Ikkbeta) may be a mediator of acquired forms of insulin-resistance. In this study, we examined whether genetic variability at the Ikkbeta locus (IKBKB) contributes to the development of genetic forms of early-onset type 2 diabetes transmitted with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Linkage with four markers flanking the IKBKB gene was evaluated in 32 multigenerational families. Included in the study were 233 diabetic (mean age at Dx = 37 +/- 18) and 152 nondiabetic subjects. The overall LOD scores were negative (-54.9 and -46.2 on the centromeric and telomeric sides, respectively) indicating that variability in IKBKB was not a major determinant of diabetes in these families. Positive values, however, were observed for selected pedigrees. All 17 families for which linkage with the IKBKB locus could not be excluded were screened for sequence differences in the 22 exons and 1.6 kb of the 5' flanking region by dideoxyfingerprinting or direct sequencing. Polymorphisms were identified in the 5' flanking region (-1775del/insC and -1547T > A), exon 11 (c.1083A > G, L361L) and in intron 12 (IVS12+14t > a). However, no mutations segregating with diabetes could be found in these families. Furthermore, all four polymorphisms had similar allele frequencies in the 32 family probands, 171 individuals with common, later-onset type 2 diabetes, and 182 nondiabetic controls. We conclude that sequence differences in the IKBKB gene do not play a major role in either early-onset, autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes, or common forms with a later-onset.
Modeling MOS snapback and parasitic bipolar action for circuit-level ESD and high current simulations (1996)

A circuit-level simulator for ESD and EOS is presented. Equations for modeling the high current behavior of NMOS and PMOS transistors have been developed and implemented in SPICE. A simple and practical extraction methodology for obtaining the bipolar parameters is given, which uses the three terminal currents obtained from a single high current I-V curve. Simulation results are presented and compared to experimental data for single devices as well as a practical output circuit.
Cascading Failures in Interdependent Systems: Impact of Degree Variability and Dependence (2017)

We study cascading failures in a system comprising interdependent networks/systems, in which nodes rely on other nodes both in the same system and in other systems to perform their function. The (inter-)dependence among nodes is modeled using a dependence graph, where the degree vector of a node determines the number of other nodes it can potentially cause to fail in each system through aforementioned dependency. In particular, we examine the impact of the variability and dependence properties of node degrees on the probability of cascading failures. We show that larger variability in node degrees hampers widespread failures in the system, starting with random failures. Similarly, positive correlations in node degrees make it harder to set off an epidemic of failures, thereby rendering the system more robust against random failures.
Downlink power control and base station assignment (1997)

The joint power control and base station assignment for the downlink is considered in this paper. Based on the results and observations of previous work we present an algorithm that finds a feasible joint base assignment and transmission power vector in the downlink. We show that under some conditions the algorithm also minimizes the sum of downlink powers. Interestingly, there is not always a Pareto optimal power vector for the joint problem in the downlink as is the case in the uplink. This fact is demonstrated through a counterexample.
Abstract P250: How to Successfully Manage Adolescents’ Metabolic Syndrome. Keep it Simple! (2013)

Background: The metabolic syndrome prevalence in adolescents is still rising (with up to 8% in some populations); this increase is mainly attributable to the obesity epidemic. Consequently, the long-term cardiovascular risk of these adolescents is very high. Unfortunately, despite this elevated risk, motivation and adherence to weight reduction programs still remain very low. Hypothesis: To verify if the combination of motivational interviewing, nutritional and physical education, and a close follow-up in a multidisciplinary, family-based weight-reduction pediatric clinic is effective to initiate and sustain beneficial lifestyle changes at 6 months. Subjects and Method: Fifty (50) families with adolescents (10-17 years old) characterized by obesity and metabolic syndrome were recruited with their families. The cardiometabolic risk profile (including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipids and apolipoprotein B levels) of every subject was evaluated and explained to the adolescent and his/her parents. With motivational interviewing techniques and educative approaches, adolescents were brought to set up, at the first visit, a one month, one health challenge change. In subsequent visits, anthropometric measurements were recorded and, based on their first month’s success, new healthy challenges were proposed by the adolescent. Results: Adolescents participating in this program were initially highly motivated to initiate a one month healthy challenge with an average score of 7/10. Eighty percent of them chose to stop drinking juice or soda beverages as their first challenge. At one month, over 80% of them observe a weight reduction or no weight gain. At this point, the adolescents’ perception of success is the main source of motivation to introduce new health challenges in their life. At 3 and 6 months, healthy habits are still present in over 70% of them. Interestingly, these changes are accompanied by modifications in anthropometric covariables. At 6 months, we observe a significant reduction of body mass index (p=0.027) and waist circumference (p=0.047) in addition to a trend towards a reduction of mean weight (p=0.054). Conclusion: With counselling based on education, motivational techniques and a family approach, a high proportion of adolescents have initiated and maintained healthy changes. At 6 months, waist circumference reduction was the strongest change. This combined familial approach appears promising to reduce metabolic syndrome prevalence in adolescents. The prospective data collection is still ongoing, with the first adolescents recruited now reaching the one-year follow-up.
Energy Aware Node Selection for Cluster-based Data Accuracy Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

The main objective of this paper is to reduce the number of sensor nodes by estimating a trade off between data accuracy and energy consumption for selecting nodes in probabilistic approach in distributed networks. Design Procedure/Approach: Observed data are highly correlated among sensor nodes in the spatial domain due to deployment of high density of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes form non-overlapping distributed clusters due to high data correlation among them. We develop a probabilistic model for each distributed cluster to perform data accuracy and energy consumption model in the network. Finally we find a trade off between data accuracy and energy consumption model to select an optimal number of sensor nodes in each distributed cluster. We also compare the performance for our data accuracy estimation model with information accuracy model for each distributed cluster in the network. Practical Implementation: Measuring temperature in physical environment and measuring moisture content in agricultural field. Inventive /Novel Idea: Optimal node selection in probabilistic approach using the trade of between data accuracy and energy consumption in cluster-based distributed network.
Human behavior modeling in train control systems (2002)

The interactions of the train crew and the dispatcher need to be incorporated in the analysis of train control systems. These interactions directly impact train movement, and as a result, system safety. Thus, the incorporation of such human behavior in the modeling of train control systems provides more insight into actual system behavior. Typically, system safety analysis precludes the impact of human behavior and focuses on the hardware and software systems. The analyses presented in this paper provide insight as to how overall system safety is affected by human behavior.
Silk fibroin and potential uses in regenerative dentistry - a systematic review (2014)

Silk fibroin is an organic polymer isolated from cocoon silk fibers. Recently it has been studied as a substrate for tissue engineered cartilage, bone , ligaments, nerves, cornea and also for drug delivery applications. The current review focuses on recent advance in silk fibroin and its potential uses in regeneration therapies, mainly in the dental field. Data extraction was carried out according to the standard Cochrane systematic review methodology and the following databases were used: PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and the Google library. Out of the 151 related articles that were critically assessed, only 57 articles were included in the critical appraisal. There is evidence that silk fibroin is a biocompatible polymer and has been proved to be cytocompatible with a wide variety of cells. Composite silk fibroin with hydoxyapaptite, bioglass, gold or silica can be used in a variety of applications. Regenerative dentistry may profit from the silk fibroin due to possible future uses in implant therapy, mineralized tissue formation or healing of the wounds of the buccal mucosa.
Oncogenicity of friend‐virus‐infected cells: Determination of origin of spleen colonies by the H‐2 antigens as genetic markers (1978)

Spleen cells from mice infected with Friend leukemia virus (FLV) inoculated by the intravenous route give rise to macroscopically visible colonies in the spleens of normal F1 histocompatible hybrid hosts. A study of H-2 antigens as generic markers for identification of strains of origin of cells constituting the spleen colonies was undertaken. The standard cytotoxic test was demonstrated to be suitable for characterizing the H-2 antigens present on the surface of spleen cells from normal of FLV-leukemic parents of F1 hybrid mice. Individual colonies dissected out of the spleen of (C3HxC57B6/6) F1 recipients (H-2k/H-2b), 10 days after the intravenous graft of FLV-infected spleen cells of C3H origin (H-2k), were all sensitive to anti-C57BL/6 antibodies. In the same way, colonies obtained from the spleens of (DBA/2xC57BL/10) F1 recipients (H-2d/H-2b) grafted with DBA/2 leukemic spleen cells (H-2d) were all sensitive to both anti-H-2b and anti-H-2d antibodies. These results directly prove that the main cell population constituing a spleen colony arises from the recipient. The authors conclude that the spleen colonies do not result from the neoplastic proliferation of injected donor cells but rather from the multiplication of host cells transformed by Friend virus produced by the grafted cells.
Early Events in Kidney Donation: Progression of Endothelial Activation, Oxidative Stress and Tubular Injury After Brain Death (2008)

Cerebral injury leading to brain death (BD) causes major physiologic derangements in potential organ donors, which may result in vascular-endothelial activation and affect posttransplant graft function. We investigated the kinetic of pro-coagulatory and pro-inflammatory endothelial activation and the subsequent oxidative stress and renal tubular injury, early after BD declaration. BD was induced by slowly inflating a balloon-catheter inserted in the extradural space over a period of 30 min. Rats (n = 30) were sacrificed 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h after BD-induction and compared with sham-controls. This study demonstrates immediate pro-coagulatory and pro-inflammatory activation of vascular endothelium after BD in kidney donor rats, proportional with the duration of BD. E- and P-Selectins, Aalpha/Bbeta-fibrinogen mRNA were abruptly and progressively up-regulated from 0.5 h BD onwards; P-Selectin membrane protein expression was increased; fibrinogen was primarily visualized in the peritubular capillaries. Plasma von Willebrand factor was significantly higher after 2 h and 4 h BD. Urine heart-fatty-acid-binding-protein and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, used as new specific and sensitive markers of proximal and distal tubular damage, were found significantly increased after 0.5 h, with a maximum at 4 h. Unexpectedly, oxidative stress was detectable only late, after the installation of tubular injury, suggesting only a secondary role for hypoxia in triggering these injuries.
An Efficient Three-Component Reaction Involving Triazolylidene Carbene, DMAD, and Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Furanone Derivatives (2008)

An efficient synthesis of furanone derivatives via the multicomponent reaction involving triazolylidene carbene, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and aldehydes is described.
Figure S5 from Medium-throughput Drug Screening of Patient-derived Organoids from Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases to Direct Personalized Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Extended peritonoid drug sensitivity data&lt;/p&gt;
Evidence for an Epidemic Trimethoprim-Resistance Plasmid in Fecal Isolates of Escherichia coli from Citizens of the United States Studying in Mexico (1984)

A previous study revealed the emergence of high-level resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 95% of students from the United States who were taking either trimethoprim alone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea while in Guadalajara, Mexico. Many of these strains were subsequently demonstrated to cotransfer resistance to trimethoprim along with that to streptomycin and ampicillin. The present study demonstrated that at least 12 (60%) of 20 transferable (tra+) trimethoprim-resistance plasmids studied possessed both an identical Hind III restriction pattern and type I dihydrofolate reductase genes. Donor strains were shown to be distinct; this finding suggested that a common tra+ trimethoprim-resistance plasmid was widely disseminated among E. coli strains in Guadalajara. These results may explain in part the surprising degree of resistance encountered in trimethoprim-consuming persons in that region.
Deposition of Zinc Oxide Photoelectrode Using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

We investigated the characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) photoelectrodes grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. ZnO has many advantages, such as high binding energy, breakdown strength, cohesion, hardness, and electron mobility. On the F-doped SnO2 (FTO) electrode, we deposited ZnO as a function of thickness, and we examined the thickness effect on the I-V, fill factor, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and especially the power conversion efficiency of the built in dye-sensitized solar cell. To study the thickness effect on the conduction and recombination of electrons in the ZnO electrode, we analyzed the alignment of grains, crystallinity, impedance, and cyclic I-V properties. The thickness of ZnO changed the electron diffusion length and recombination time. As a result, the maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.63% was obtained with a moderately thick (8.06 μm) ZnO.
Purification and characterisation of the insulin‐stimulated protein kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle; close similarity to S6 kinase II (1991)

The insulin-stimulated protein kinase (ISPK) was purified over 50,000-fold from extracts of rabbit skeletal muscle by a procedure involving chromatography on phosphocellulose, fractionation with ammonium sulphate, and further chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Superose, Mono S and Mono Q. About 10 micrograms enzyme was isolated from 800 g muscle (one rabbit) in four days with an overall recovery of 5%. The purified enzyme showed a single protein-staining band of apparent molecular mass 91 kDa when analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ISPK comigrated during SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the enzyme S6 kinase II from Xenopus eggs, and was recognised in immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments by antibodies raised against S6 kinase II. The substrate specificities of ISPK and S6 kinase II were also very similar and like S6 kinase II, ISPK that had been inactivated by protein phosphatase 2A could be reactivated by incubation with mitogen-activated protein kinase and MgATP. ISPK was distinct from an insulin-stimulated 70-kDa S6 kinase from rat liver in both substrate specificity and immunological cross reactivity. It is concluded that ISPK is closely related in structure to S6 kinase II and may be a mammalian equivalent of this enzyme. The possibility that ISPK is involved in mediating a number of the actions of insulin is discussed.
Cobalt oxide and N-doped carbon nanosheets derived from a single two-dimensional metal–organic framework precursor and their application in flexible asymmetric supercapacitors (2017)

Based on a new "one for two" strategy, a single two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor has been transformed into both electrodes (i.e., a Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode and a N-doped carbon anode) for a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor. The device demonstrated not only highly robust mechanical flexibility but also outstanding electrochemical performance. The "one for two" concept can significantly ease the fabrication process and has great potential to be extended to other functional materials for different applications.
Gastric myoelectrical activity and its relationship to the development of nausea and vomiting after intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (2001)

Gastric myoelectrical activity and its relationship to the development of nausea and vomiting after intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation
Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function (2018)

Nutrients usually act in a coordinated manner in the body. Intestinal absorption and subsequent metabolism of a particular nutrient, to a certain extent, is dependent on the availability of other nutrients. Magnesium and vitamin D are 2 essential nutrients that are necessary for the physiologic functions of various organs. Magnesium assists in the activation of vitamin D, which helps regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis to influence the growth and maintenance of bones. All of the enzymes that metabolize vitamin D seem to require magnesium, which acts as a cofactor in the enzymatic reactions in the liver and kidneys. Deficiency in either of these nutrients is reported to be associated with various disorders, such as skeletal deformities, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. It is therefore essential to ensure that the recommended amount of magnesium is consumed to obtain the optimal benefits of vitamin D.