gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating term selection into nonlinear block structured system identification (2010)

Subset selection and shrinkage methods locate and remove insignificant terms from identified models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is a term selection method that shrinks some coefficients and sets others to zero. In this paper, the incorporation of constraints (such as Lasso) into the linear and/or nonlinear parts of a Separable Nonlinear Least Squares algorithm is addressed and its application to the identification of block-structured models is considered. As an example, this method is applied to a Hammerstein model consisting of a nonlinear static block, represented by a Tchebyshev polynomial, in series with a linear dynamic system, modeled by a bank of Laguerre filters. Simulations showed that the Lasso based method was able to identify the model structure correctly, or with mild over-modeling, even in the presence of significant output noise.
Preliminary Study on Design and Testing of a Metallic Thermal Protection System for Spaceplane Vehicles (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1405.vid This study presented a development of design and testing of a metallic thermal protection system (TPS) for spaceplane vehicles. A metallic TPS was proposed to shield the fuselage of a spaceplane vehicle from the extreme heat flux for returned missions. A conceptual design of a metallic TPS panel which consisted of a hot load-carrying structure, a low thermal conductivity thermal insulation, support brackets, and a cool structure, was modified from the ARMOR panel developed by NASA. The thermal load was selected from a specific location on the X-33 spaceplane (5.5 W/cm2). A transient semi-infinite heat transfer model was used to predict the required thickness of the thermal insulation for an allowable temperature at the cool structure. Due to high stresses and heat shorts in bracket support structures, a thin strip with a brazed joint was used to connect the hot structure and the cool structure. A prototype metallic TPS panel and supporting hardware made of S304 stainless steel were fabricated for thermomechanical testing in room conditions. A panel-to-panel gap in panel assemblies was designed to prevent possible contact between two adjacent panels. A numerical analysis was conducted to determine whether the designed gap would change thermal responses at the cool structure as well as at supporting hardware structures. A non-contact thermal-mechanical measurement method was employed to measure full-field temperatures and deformations of the cool structure and supporting hardware structures. A comparison of temperature responses and panel deformations was performed between numerical analysis and experimental testing. The results indicate that the current metallic TPS panel satisfied the design requirements in terms of temperature and permanent deformation limits. The panel-to-panel gap affected significantly the temperature rise in the cool structure and supporting hardware structures. The experimental method provided a good approach to testing TPS panels at the early stage of spaceplane development.
Enterogenous Cysts in Chickens (1993)

Cystic remnants of enteric origin (enterogenous cyst, enteric cyst, enterocystoma, inclusion cyst, or intestinal reduplications) are rare in human beings and animal^.^.^ The cysts, of foregut origin, may be found along the entire length of the digestive tract, in the submucosa, muscularis, or subserosa, and in the mesentery, mediastinum or n e u r a x i ~ . ~ ~ Seventyfive percent of the cysts in human beings have mucosa resembling that of adjacent gut.' In human beings, cystic and tubular duplications of the digestive tract occur during the fourth week of embryogenesis and affect males and females equally.' Critical events in intestinal development include separation of notochord endoderm from the archenteron roof, regression of the vitelline stalk, and return of the intestines to the abdominal cavity.' Hypothesized causes for the cysts are failure of normal regression of an embryonic diverticulum, Fig. 1. Spleen; chicken No. 14. Enterogenous cyst. Bar = 4 mm.
[Not Available]. (2003)

Repeated intervenous calcitriol administration is an established treatment for renal osteodystrophy. However, the therapeutic effects of this treatment vary among patients, and it cannot be administered to patients with hypercalcemia. This time, we investigated the relationship between dialysate dose and the effects of intervenous calcitriol administration. The results demonstrated that normal-calcium dose dialysate is more useful than low-calcium dose dialysate.
Melt Elasticity Phenomenon of Multicomponent (Talc and Calcium Carbonate) Filled Polypropylene (2006)

The compound of single-component filled polypropylene (PP) (consists of either talc or CaCO 3 ) and multicomponent filled PP (talc/CaCO 3 /PP) are prepared by melt mixing using Brabender Plasticorder internal mixer. All systems exhibit good stability and normal flow in the molten state. The multicomponent filled PP has shown an intermediate degree of die swell and flow instabilities. The defect of extrudate in the extrusion process in the form of melt fracture could only be evidenced in the semisolid state of PP melt. The result shows that composite with highest content of talc exhibits the least melt fracture.
Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries (2015)

Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.
Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases (2014)

The open field activity monitoring system comprehensively assesses locomotor and behavioral activity levels of mice. It is a useful tool for assessing locomotive impairment in animal models of neuromuscular disease and efficacy of therapeutic drugs that may improve locomotion and/or muscle function. The open field activity measurement provides a different measure than muscle strength, which is commonly assessed by grip strength measurements. It can also show how drugs may affect other body systems as well when used with additional outcome measures. In addition, measures such as total distance traveled mirror the 6 min walk test, a clinical trial outcome measure. However, open field activity monitoring is also associated with significant challenges: Open field activity measurements vary according to animal strain, age, sex, and circadian rhythm. In addition, room temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, and even odor can affect assessment outcomes. Overall, this manuscript provides a well-tested and standardized open field activity SOP for preclinical trials in animal models of neuromuscular diseases. We provide a discussion of important considerations, typical results, data analysis, and detail the strengths and weaknesses of open field testing. In addition, we provide recommendations for optimal study design when using open field activity in a preclinical trial.
Structure‐based sequence alignment for the β‐trefoil subdomain of the clostridial neurotoxin family provides residue level information about the putative ganglioside binding site (2000)

Clostridial neurotoxins embrace a family of extremely potent toxins comprised of tetanus toxin (TeNT) and seven different serotypes of botulinum toxin (BoNT/A-G). The beta-trefoil subdomain of the C-terminal part of the heavy chain (H(C)), responsible for ganglioside binding, is the most divergent region in clostridial neurotoxins with sequence identity as low as 15%. We re-examined the alignment between family sequences within this subdomain, since in this region all alignments published to date show obvious inconsistencies with the beta-trefoil fold. The final alignment was obtained by considering the general constraints imposed by this fold, and homology modeling studies based on the TeNT structure. Recently solved structures of BoNT/A confirm the validity of this structure-based approach. Taking into account biochemical data and crystal structures of TeNT and BoNT/A, we also re-examined the location of the putative ganglioside binding site and, using the new alignment, characterized this site in other BoNT serotypes.
Validation of porous silicon gas sensor integration with a standard microlectronic process (2008)

In this work, we demonstrate the full compatibility of porous silicon (PS) gas sensor integration with\nan industrial microelectronic process. Several PS-based gas sensors were integrated on the same chip\ntogether with some standard electronic circuits by using the BCD6 process of STMicroelectronics. Here, we\nshow that technological steps required for PS formation does not affect the critical parameters of on-chip\nelectronic circuits.
Fast diagnostic test for the identification of an increased genetic predisposition to colon cancer (exemplified on a DNA test for recurrent mutations of the gene MMR) (2012)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome, LS) is a genetic disorder, where family members are at high risk of developing cancer of the colon, endometrium, small intestine and urinary tract. The cause for LS is due to constitutional mutations in several mismatch repair genes (MMR) mainly in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6.

The Polish population has been well characterized by a large study comprising ~1000 LS-suspected families. Most nucleotide substitutions (about 90%) were discovered mainly by DHPLC (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography) or sequencing, whereas deletion of one or more exons (about 10% of all mutations) were detected mainly by MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) [1,2].

Over 60% families of the former study, which were affected by recurrent MMR mutations, were taken as a basis to design the following iPLEX/TaqMan test, that allows simultaneous testing of almost all recurrent mutations in only analysis [3] .

The drawback of this kind of analysis are the high costs of the machines (Sequenom), for which a reasonable cost-effectiveness is achieved only for large series of probes. Thus the approach is convenient only for high-throughput laboratories.

However the present approach is cost-effective even for testing individual patients. The present test, based on a Taqman PCR analysis, allows a fast identification of the 20 most frequent mutations of the genes MLH1 and MSH2. An analogous test for recurrent mutations of the gene APC could, in a similar way, accelerate the molecular diagnostic of predisposition to FAP.
Modeling, simulation, and measurement of mid-frequency simultaneous switching noise in computer systems (1998)

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) microprocessors operating in the hundreds of megahertz create significant current deltas due to the variation in switching activity front clock cycle to clock cycle. In addition to the high-frequency voltage variations more commonly discussed, a lower frequency noise component is also produced that lasts from 50-200 ns which we refer to as mid-frequency noise. In this paper, we discuss the design of IBM's CMOS S/390 computer for control of mid-frequency noise. This machine has a 10-way multiprocessor on a 127 mm by 127 mm multichip module (MCM) on a FR4 board. The chips on the MCM cause a current step of tens of Amps in a few cycles that can be sustained for many cycles. The power distribution and decoupling capacitors must supply that current without disturbing the voltage level at the circuits. The design of the system power distribution and modeling and verification of mid-frequency noise in this system is presented.
NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesis (2021)

We present a method that takes as input a set of images of a scene illuminated by unconstrained known lighting, and produces as output a 3D representation that can be rendered from novel viewpoints under arbitrary lighting conditions. Our method represents the scene as a continuous volumetric function parameterized as MLPs whose inputs are a 3D location and whose outputs are the following scene properties at that input location: volume density, surface normal, material parameters, distance to the first surface intersection in any direction, and visibility of the external environment in any direction. Together, these allow us to render novel views of the object under arbitrary lighting, including indirect illumination effects. The predicted visibility and surface intersection fields are critical to our model’s ability to simulate direct and indirect illumination during training, because the brute-force techniques used by prior work are intractable for lighting conditions outside of controlled setups with a single light. Our method outperforms alternative approaches for recovering relightable 3D scene representations, and performs well in complex lighting settings that have posed a significant challenge to prior work.
Seven-core erbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier pumped simultaneously by side-coupled multimode fiber (2014)

We demonstrate a seven-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier in which all the cores were pumped simultaneously by a side-coupled tapered multimode fiber. The amplifier has multicore (MC) MC inputs and MC outputs, which can be readily spliced to MC transmission fiber for amplifying space division multiplexed signals. Gain over 25 dB was obtained in each of the cores over a 40-nm bandwidth covering the C-band.
Cupric and Ferric Ions Inactivate HIV (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was inactivated by either cupric or ferric ions when the virus was free in solution and also 3 hr after cell infection. Fifty percent inactivation of cell-free HIV was achieved with Cu(II) at a concentration between 0.16 and 1.6 mM, or by 1.8 to 18 mM Fe(III). Thus, the dose to inactivate 50% of infectious HIV (D50) by Cu(II) or Fe(III) is higher than that reported for glutaraldehyde (0.1 mM); between the D50 reported for sodium hypochlorite (1.3 mM) and sodium hydroxide (11.5 mM), and significantly lower than that required for HIV inactivation by ethanol (360 mM). Treatment of infected cells for 30 min at 20 degrees C with 6 mM Cu(II) or Fe(III) completely inhibited the formation of syncytia and the synthesis of virus-specific p24 antigen in HIV-infected cells, while still preserving cell viability. The virucidal properties of cupric and ferric ions could be exploited for the development of novel virucidal formulations efficient against HIV.
Communication delays in wide area measurement systems (2003)

This paper provides a tutorial introduction to phasor measurement units (PMU) when applied in a power system environment, provides an overview of communication alternatives for wide area measurement systems (WAMS), and computes the delay budget for each type of communication link. The goal of this study is to provide data regarding the communication delay that can be incorporated into the analysis and simulation of WAMS.
Near infrared spectro-interferometer using femtosecond laser written GLS embedded waveguides and nano-scatterers (2017)

Guided optics spectrometers can be essentially classified into two main families: based on Fourier transform or dispersion. In the first case, an interferogram generated inside an optical waveguide and containing the spectral information is sampled using spatially distributed nanodetectors. These scatter quasi-non-perturbingly light into the detector that is in contact with the waveguide, helping to reconstruct the stationary wave. A dedicated FFT processing is needed in order to recover the spectrum with high resolution but limited spectral range. Another way is to directly disperse the different wavelengths to different pixels, either introducing differential optical path in the same propagation plane (multiple Mach-Zehnder interferometers or Arrayed Waveguides Gratings), or using a periodic structure to perpendicularly extract the optical signal confined in a waveguide (photonic crystals or surface gratings), and by means of a relay optics, generate the spectrum on the Fourier plane of the lens, where the detector is placed. Following this second approach, we present a laser-fabricated high-resolution compact dispersive spectro-interferometer (R>2500, 30nm spectral range at λ = 1560nm), using four parallel waveguides that can provide up to three non-redundant interferometric combinations. The device is based on guided optics technology embedded in bulk optical glass. Ultrafast laser photoinscription with 3D laser index engineering in bulk chalcogenide Gallium Lanthanium Sulfide glass is utilized to fabricate large mode area waveguides in an evanescently-coupled hexagonal multicore array configuration, followed by subsequent realization of nanoscaled scattering centers via one dimensional nanovoids across the waveguide, written in a non-diffractive Bessel configuration. A simple relay optics, with limited optical aberrations, reimages the diffracted signal on the focal plane array, leading to a robust, easy to align instrument.
Fractal connection structure: effect on generalization in supervised feed-forward networks (2002)

Fractal connection structure within the layers of a multilayered feedforward net has been studied in this paper. Fractal connection structure ensures modularity, easy hardware implementation and resembles biological neural system more closely than fully connected layered architecture. Simulation on sonar signal for underwater target classification problem shows that fractal net with fractal dimension around .9 with average connectivity 80% performs better than the fully connected net of same size (same number of neurons) in terms of classification accuracy and generalization behaviour to unseen samples.
La lente mutation des élites administratives fédérales suisses (2014)

La présente contribution a pour objectif de faire le point sur le profil des élites administratives suisses, au niveau fédéral, en montrant l’évolution de leur profil lié à ce qu’il convient maintenant d’appeler la vague de nouvelle gestion publique (NGP), laquelle a bénéficié d’un terreau très favorable en Suisse. Ces élites correspondent à un ordre institutionnel spécifique, en lien avec des structures et fonctionnements organisationnels particuliers, et possèdent des spécificités en matière de trajectoires professionnelles et de formation. Or, les réformes administratives qui se sont développées depuis les années 1980 ont transformé l’ordre institutionnel dans lequel évoluent les cadres dirigeants de l’administration fédérale. Cet article analyse dans quelle mesure ces transformations ont pu avoir un impact sur les caractéristiques de ces élites, à travers les indicateurs de capital scolaire, capital social, ainsi que de trajectoire professionnelle interne ou externe à l’administration. Les résultats montrent une lente mais significative évolution des profils de ces élites, en direction d’une managérialisation croissante reflétant celle du contexte dans lequel elles évoluent. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les relations politico-administratives sont bien sûr fonction des individus mais dépendent étroitement des profils des acteurs. Actuellement, celles-ci se transforment sous l’impact des réformes administratives mais également de par l’évolution des profils des acteurs tant politiques qu’administratifs. Aussi, mieux comprendre la lente évolution des profils des élites administratives autorise une meilleure compréhension du binôme politico-administratif. La managérialisation progressive de l’élite administrative soulignée dans le présent article permet également de mieux saisir quelles sont les expériences professionnelles, qualifications et compétences qui sont aujourd’hui valorisées au sein de la haute fonction publique suisse.
U.S. Department of Energy Participation in the Development of Emergency Response Planning Guidelines: The Program and Process (1996)

Abstract An Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG) program has been established by the chemical industry and the American Industrial Hygiene Association, with the coordination of the Organization Resources Counselors, Inc. (ORC), to address the need for reliable, consistent, and well-documented emergency planning guidelines. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), through the ORC and established task forces and the American Industrial Hygiene Association, is participating by supporting development of ERPGs for chemicals used in DOE facilities. This article describes the DOE's process for prioritizing chemicals used within the DOE complex for development of basic information packages which provide suggested values in support of ERPG determination. This report also describes many of the guidelines developed for use in control of workplace exposure to toxic chemicals and why they are inappropriate for emergency response planning. The ERPG program is described, the reasons for its implementation are given, and the definitions of the three ERPG guidance values are provided.
How to Learn from Risk: Explicit Risk-Utility Reinforcement Learning for\n Efficient and Safe Driving Strategies (2022)

Autonomous driving has the potential to revolutionize mobility and is hence\nan active area of research. In practice, the behavior of autonomous vehicles\nmust be acceptable, i.e., efficient, safe, and interpretable. While vanilla\nreinforcement learning (RL) finds performant behavioral strategies, they are\noften unsafe and uninterpretable. Safety is introduced through Safe RL\napproaches, but they still mostly remain uninterpretable as the learned\nbehaviour is jointly optimized for safety and performance without modeling them\nseparately. Interpretable machine learning is rarely applied to RL. This paper\nproposes SafeDQN, which allows to make the behavior of autonomous vehicles safe\nand interpretable while still being efficient. SafeDQN offers an\nunderstandable, semantic trade-off between the expected risk and the utility of\nactions while being algorithmically transparent. We show that SafeDQN finds\ninterpretable and safe driving policies for a variety of scenarios and\ndemonstrate how state-of-the-art saliency techniques can help to assess both\nrisk and utility.\n
En Route for Systems Biology: In Silico Pathway Analysis and Metabolite Profiling (2004)

With the developments in genomics there has been an increasing focus on the behaviour of complete biological systems and this has resulted in the development of Systems Biology as a new research field in biology [23]. Biological data from all levels of metabolism, such as genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, any of the interactomes (protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-mRNA, etc.) as well as the fluxome [25] are to be integrated in order to view a cell, an organism or even a population as a whole rather than investigating the single components of the system (Fig. 1). In order to integrate the wealth of information at the different levels of the metabolism, mathematical models play an important role, and Systems Biology is therefore often associated with quantitative investigation of the biological system under study. Much information on individual components, or sub-systems, in living cells has been obtained during the 20th century, but with tools such as DNA arrays, proteomics, metabolite profiling, it is now possible to analyse all the components in the system at the same time, thereby enabling a move from reductionist approaches to a global or a system approach [28].