gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Language Identification Methods Based on HMMs (1994)

This paper describes two methods of language identification, both of which are based on HMMs (Hidden Markov Models). Here, we focused on the identification of 10 languages from the OGI Telephone Speech Corpus. In the first method, a fully-structured(ergodic) HMM was trained for each language using text-independent speech samples from many native speakers. The likelihood for each language is calculated for the input speech using this HMM. In the second method, a universal ergodic HMM is trained using all the language data and with it, the most likely state sequence is computed for each language. The state sequence derived is processed and is used in the construction of trigram models for each language. The trigram model was used for modeling the phonotactics for each language. Evaluation on the development test set of the OGI Corpus showed that combining these two methods gave a best performance of 58.5%.
The anger-infused Ultimatum Game: A reliable and valid paradigm to induce and assess anger. (2018)

The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a canonical social decision-making task whereby a proposer divides a sum of money between himself and a responder who accepts or rejects the offer. Studies consistently demonstrate that unfair offers induce anger, and that rejecting such offers relates to aggression. Nevertheless, the UG is limited in interpersonal provocations common to real-life experiences of anger. Moreover, the psychometric properties of the UG as an anger-induction paradigm have yet to be evaluated. Here, to induce a more intense and genuine anger experience, we implemented a modified UG whereby short written provocations congruent with unfairness levels accompanied each offer. We aimed to test whether this anger-infused UG led to more anger and aggressive responses relative to the standard UG and to establish the reliability and validity of both versions. Participants performed either the anger-infused UG or a standard version, repeated twice, a week apart. They also performed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, a reactive aggression paradigm, and completed emotion ratings and a trait anger inventory. Results indicate similar decreases in acceptance rates with increase in offer unfairness, and increases in reported anger, across both UG versions. Both versions demonstrated strong test-retest reliability. However, the anger-infused UG led to significantly stronger relations with reactive aggression and trait anger compared to the standard UG, providing evidence for better validity. The development of the anger-infused UG as a reliable and valid paradigm is pivotal for the induction and assessment of interpersonal anger and its aggressive expression in basic and clinical research settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Heat stress induces unreduced male gamete formation by targeting meiocyte translation (2022)

ABSTRACT Heat stress promotes the formation of unreduced (2n) male gametes through meiotic restitution, a driving force of evolutionary polyploidisation. Here we report that the molecular mechanism underlying heat tolerance of the meiotic division program in Arabidopsis thaliana relies on sustained protein translation of cell cycle genes. By leveraging natural variation in the Arabidopsis population, we identified heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant alleles of TARDY ASYNCHRONOUS MEIOSIS/CYCLINA1;2 (TAM). We show that TAM associates with specialised biomolecular condensates in meiotic cells under high temperatures. Through a mechanism that involves THREE DIVISION MUTANT1 (TDM1), TAM is required to maintain the translation of key meiotic cell cycle genes, including its own, thus preventing premature meiotic exit under heat stress conditions. Boosting TAM translation in heat-sensitive accessions using complementary peptides is sufficient to rescue the heat-induced defects. We propose that this mechanism can play a role in polyploidisation events and plant evolution in the context of the ongoing global climate change.
Medical Evaluation of Stone Disease (2007)

Medical management entails identification of causes of stone formation based largely on detection of abnormal urinary biochemistry (risk factors) (1), and application of dietary modification and pharmacological treatment designed to correct underlying disturbances (2). The importance of medical management is based on two important findings. Urolithiasis is characterized by a high recurrence rate (3–6). It is estimated that approx 60–80% of patients will form another stone within 10 yr of the first episode. Removal of existing stone does not prevent further stone formation (7).
Trends, Possibilities and Limitations of Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits and Devices (2013)

CMOS compatible silicon photonics combines two great inventions - the transistor(microprocessor) and the laser(optical communications), and enable >100x lower power and lower power density. In this presentation, a suite of hybrid silicon devices was demonstrated namely Fabry-Perot laser, DFB laser , ring laser, mode locked lasers, optical amplifiers, integrated preamplifier arrays, and a 50 Gbps modulators.
Extending the Definition of the GyrB Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Gyrase for Assessing Fluoroquinolone Resistance in M. tuberculosis (2012)

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance is emerging in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The main mechanism of FQ resistance is amino acid substitution within the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, the sole FQ target in M. tuberculosis. However, substitutions in GyrB whose implication in FQ resistance is unknown are increasingly being reported. The present study clarified the role of four GyrB substitutions identified in M. tuberculosis clinical strains, two located in the QRDR (D500A and N538T) and two outside the QRDR (T539P and E540V), in FQ resistance. We measured FQ MICs and also DNA gyrase inhibition by FQs in order to unequivocally clarify the role of these mutations in FQ resistance. Wild-type GyrA, wild-type GyrB, and mutant GyrB subunits produced from engineered gyrB alleles by mutagenesis were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and used to reconstitute highly active gyrase complexes. MICs and DNA gyrase inhibition were determined for moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and enoxacin. All these substitutions are clearly implicated in FQ resistance, underlining the presence of a hot spot region housing most of the GyrB substitutions implicated in FQ resistance (residues NTE, 538 to 540). These findings help us to refine the definition of GyrB QRDR, which is extended to positions 500 to 540.
HP1 Is Involved in Regulating the Global Impact of DNA Methylation on Alternative Splicing (2015)

The global impact of DNA methylation on alternative splicing is largely unknown. Using a genome-wide approach in wild-type and methylation-deficient embryonic stem cells, we found that DNA methylation can either enhance or silence exon recognition and affects the splicing of more than 20% of alternative exons. These exons are characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic signatures. Alternative splicing regulation of a subset of these exons can be explained by heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which silences or enhances exon recognition in a position-dependent manner. We constructed an experimental system using site-specific targeting of a methylated/unmethylated gene and demonstrate a direct causal relationship between DNA methylation and alternative splicing. HP1 regulates this gene's alternative splicing in a methylation-dependent manner by recruiting splicing factors to its methylated form. Our results demonstrate DNA methylation's significant global influence on mRNA splicing and identify a specific mechanism of splicing regulation mediated by HP1.
TIPS and splenorenal shunt for complications of portal hypertension in chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis–A case series and review of the literature (2021)

Background Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and shunt surgery are established treatment options for portal hypertension, but have not been systematically evaluated in patients with portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS), one of the neglected tropical diseases with major impact on morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. Methods In this retrospective case study, patients with chronic portal hypertension due to schistosomiasis treated with those therapeutic approaches in four tertiary referral hospitals in Germany and Italy between 2012 and 2020 were included. We have summarized pre-interventional clinical data, indication, technical aspects of the interventions and clinical outcome. Findings Overall, 13 patients with confirmed HSS were included. 11 patients received TIPS for primary or secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding due to advanced portal hypertension and failure of conservative management. In two patients with contraindications for TIPS or technically unsuccessful TIPS procedure, proximal splenorenal shunt surgery in combination with splenectomy was conducted. During follow-up (mean follow-up 23 months, cumulative follow-up time 31 patient years) no bleeding events were documented. In five patients, moderate and transient episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy were observed. In one patient each, liver failure, portal vein thrombosis and catheter associated sepsis occurred after TIPS insertion. All complications were well manageable and had favorable outcomes. Conclusions TIPS implantation and shunt surgery are safe and effective treatment options for patients with advanced HSS and sequelae of portal hypertension in experienced centers, but require careful patient selection.
Mechanisms of action of loperamide. (1983)

The beneficial effect of loperamide in some children with severe protracted diarrhoea which persisted when nil by mouth, made us suspect that loperamide may have an antisecretory action. Using a steady-state perfusion technique in rat jejunum we showed that loperamide inhibits cholera toxin induced secretion of water, sodium and chloride (p less than 0.001). This antisecretory action was blocked by naloxone and not mediated via an effect on tissue cyclic AMP level or adenylate cyclase activity. More recently we have studied the effect of loperamide on secretion of water in the rat jejunum induced by other agents with differing mechanisms of action. The first set of observations suggest that loperamide's antisecretory effect is mediated via opiate receptors either distal to, or separate from the adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP pathway. Our more recent studies support the notion that loperamide has an effect on specific transport systems rather than non-specific passive diffusional processes.
MINIMIZING FRICTION IN GLASS SYRINGES FOR LOCATING THE EPIOURAL SPACE (1987)

Leiman, B C MB.BCh.; Warters, R D B.S.; Katz, J MB.ChB.; Salzarulo, H H M.D.; Butler, B D Ph.D. Author Information
Interactions of Polar and Nonpolar Volatile Organic Compounds with Methyl Ester Solvents (2013)

The interactions of polar and nonpolar volatile organic compounds (VOC) with methyl ester solvents were studied. In order to establish trends two polar and two nonpolar solutes were selected for the study. Solubility computations were performed using the Modified UNIFAC Dortmund group contribution model using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. It was found that the solubility of nonpolar solutes in methyl esters increases with an increase in ester chain length, but decreases with an increase in the solute chain length. Furthermore the solubility of nonpolar solutes decreases with an increase in the degree of ester solvent unsaturation. In contrast the solubility of polar solutes in methyl esters decreases with an increase in solvent chain length and increases with increasing solute chain length. Solubility of polar solutes also improved with an increase in the degree of solvent unsaturation. An increase in branching on polar solutes results in an increasing trend towards nonpolar behavior due to the shielding effect of the branches on interactions with the polar site of the solute.
Leading EdgeofCybernics: RobotSuitHAL (2006)

RobotSuitHAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb)isoneoftherealization/accomplishments oftheCybernoid Project. Cybernoids aretheenhanced human-machine-information hybrid systems basedonCybernics technologies. Cybernics isanewacademic research field whichfused Information Technology (IT), cranial nervescience, behavioral science, robotics, systemintegration technology, physiology, psychology, MEMS-Technology, neuroscience, bio-system theory andsoon,focusing onCybernetics, Mechatronics, andInformatics. HAL iscalled asRobotsuit or Bionic suit, andistheworld first system tointegrate Human-Machine-Information.
White light from an electroluminescent diode made from poly[3(4-octylphenyl)-2,2′-bithiophene] and an oxadiazole derivative (1994)

We report on an electroluminescent diode emitting red, green, and blue light simultaneously. The device is based on a thin polymer layer, poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)-2,2′-bithiophene] and a thick molecular layer, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tertbutyl-phenyl)1,3,5-oxadiazole. The quantum efficiency for light conversion is 0.3% and the turn-on voltage for light emission is 7 V. In this article we present electric and spectroscopic characterizations. A mechanism for the light emission, based on electron and hole recombination between the two organic layers, is proposed.
Looking-in and looking-out vision for Urban Intelligent Assistance: Estimation of driver attentive state and dynamic surround for safe merging and braking (2014)

This paper details the research, development, and demonstrations of real-world systems intended to assist the driver in urban environments, as part of the Urban Intelligent Assist (UIA) research initiative. A 3-year collaboration between Audi AG, Volkswagen Group of America Electronics Research Laboratory, and UC San Diego, the driver assistance portion of the UIA project focuses on two main use cases of vital importance in urban driving. The first, Driver Attention Guard, applies novel computer vision and machine learning research for accurately tracking the driver's head position and rotation using an array of cameras. The system then infers the driver's focus of attention, alerting the driver and engaging safety systems in case of extended driver inattention. The second application, Merge and Lane Change Assist, applies a novel probabilistic compact representation of the on-road environment, fusing data from a variety of sensor modalities. The system then computes safe and low-cost merge and lane-change maneuver recommendations. It communicates desired speeds to the driver via Head-up Display, when the driver touches the blinker, indicating his desired lane. The fully-implemented systems, complete with HMI, were demonstrated to the public and press in San Francisco in January of 2014.
3D Pharmacophore, hierarchical methods, and 5-HT4receptor binding data (2008)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Isocyanatosilanes with Ethanol and Synthesis of Their Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ventilation, Air Conditioning and the Indoor Air Environment (2001)

This paper presents a Chinese approach to ventilation and air conditioning, which are important measures needed to improve the indoor air environment of a build ing. They are important because improper design of a system may degrade the indoor air environment rather than enhance it. This is a situation that might be called sick air conditioning. Also, in circumstances where the outside air is heavily polluted air treatment is necessary to avoid worsening the indoor environment. This paper seeks to highlight the way in which improperly designed ventilation and air conditioning systems may be im proved by use of purified air produced by filtration and other means and through avoidance of the build-up of microbial flora.
Size of FLT3 internal tandem duplication has prognostic significance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2005)

FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITDs) in the juxtamembrane domain are found in approximately 25% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, ranging in size from 3 to hundreds of nucleotides. We examined whether the sizes of FLT3/ITDs were associated with clinical outcomes in 151 AML patients enrolled in Southwest Oncology Group studies: S9333 and S9500. FLT3/ITDs were identified in 32% of patients (median ITD size = 39 nucleotides; range, 15-153 nucleotides). The CR rates were 35%, 67%, and 52% for patients with large (>or= 40), small (< 40), and no ITDs, respectively (P = .19). Increasing ITD size was associated with decreasing OS (estimated 5-year OS: large = 13%, small = 26%, and no ITD = 21%, P = .072) and RFS (estimated 5-year RFS: large = 13%, small = 27%, and no ITD = 34%, P = .017). These studies suggest that ITD size may have prognostic significance.
Abstract 16322: Thiosulfate: A Carrier Molecule of the Protective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Against Neuronal Ischemia (2014)

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that exhibits protective effects in various disease models including cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Nonetheless, mechanisms and identity of molecules responsible for the neuroprotective effects of exogenous sulfide donor compounds, such as sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), remain incompletely defined. In circulation, reaction with plasma proteins and or oxidation to sulfur oxides maintains free plasma H 2 S levels very low. Free H 2 S levels only transiently increase and quickly return to its baseline after systemic administration of sulfide donor compounds. Thiosulfate is an oxidation product of H 2 S that is relatively stable in blood and tissues. In the current study, we observed that thiosulfate mediates protective effects of Na 2 S against oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation of human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and murine primary cortical neurons. We also found that systemic administration of sodium thiosulfate (STS) improved survival and neurological function of mice subjected to global cerebral IR injury. Beneficial effects of STS, as well as Na 2 S, were associated with marked increase of thiosulfate, but not H 2 S, in plasma and brain tissues. These results suggest that thiosulfate is a circulating “carrier” molecule of beneficial effects of sulfide. Protective effects of thiosulfate are associated with modulation of Erk1/2, and JNK pathways and S-sulfhydration of cleaved caspase-3. Of note, we discovered that a SLC13 family protein, sodium sulfate co-transporter 2 (SLC13A4, NaS-2), facilitates the transport of sulfide or thiosulfate across the cell membrane, regulating intracellular concentrations and thus mediating cytoprotective effects of sulfide and thiosulfate. Given that STS is widely used as an antidote and has very low toxicity in humans, these observations suggest that STS represents a novel therapeutic agent for ischemic brain injury.
Resource allocation in MIMO multi-cellular networks via submodular optimization (2011)

In this paper we consider coordinated resource allocation over multiple cells in a cellular downlink. We formulate two important coordinated resource allocation problems, both of which account for practical constraints that will be ubiquitous in the emerging fourth generation cellular networks. Observing the formulated problems to be NP hard, we propose low complexity approximation algorithms that yield performance guarantees. These algorithms exploit the fact that either the original problems or some of their sub-problems can be recast as the maximization of a monotonic sub-modular function under a matroid constraint.
Design and performance of digital polysilicon thin-film-transistor circuits on glass (1994)

Digital circuits for a fully integrated active matrix liquid-crystal display (LCD) have been designed and fabricated with a low-temperature polysilicon thin-film-transistor process. Measurements of the CMOS inverters, static and dynamic shift registers, line memory latches and output drivers for the display are presented. A comparison is made of the results of measurement and simulation of the circuits using a thin-film-transistor-circuit model developed for the SPICE program. The model was used for the display circuit optimisation. The fully integrated active matrix LCD is also described.
[Establishment and characterization of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line JHP-1 producing carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen]. (1988)

A new tumor cell line derived from the ascites of a patient with adenocarcinoma of the head of pancreas was established in culture and the nude mouse. The cell line was characterized by the growth with a population doubling time of 22 hr., a high plating efficiency on the plastic surface and a modal chromosome number of 66. The tumorigenicity was proved by the growth in nude mouse and in soft agar. Morphologically the cell line grew as a confluent monolayer with tight adhesion to the plastic surface. Histologically the cell line was epithelial-like in culture and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in nude mouse. Ultrastructurally the cell line showed a characteristic pancreatic epithelium. Furthermore, the cell line expressed carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen. This cell line, designated JHP-1, has been cultured for at least 100 passages in vitro and maintained for more than 2 years. This cell line would be used as a new model for human pancreatic carcinoma.
Functional Map of a Placenta-specific Enhancer of the Human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Gene (1998)

We recently reported a placenta-specific enhancer in the human leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene and now show detailed characterization of the 226-base pair enhancer (-4625/-4400 nucleotides). Four of twenty-two mutants in linker analysis showed reduced promoter activities to 45, 30, 10, and 10%, respectively. Specific binding of region A (-4617/-4602) with nuclear extract was competed by a known Oct-1 oligo and supershifted by Oct-1 antibody. Specific binding of region B (-4549/-4535) was competed by a GATA oligo, but could not be supershifted by four GATA antibodies. Nevertheless, mutagenesis showed that critical bases in region B were identical to the GATA core motif, indicating that region B may bind to a novel GATA family transcription factor. The other two adjacent regions designated as region C (-4464/-4445) showed no known consensus binding sites, and their specific placental JEG-3 nuclear extract binding was not evident in nonplacental nuclear extracts and was not competed by a trophoblast specific element (TSE), indicating that region C is a novel placenta-specific element (PSE, CATTTCCTGAACTAGTTTTT). Footprinting localized the binding boundary of PSE-binding protein (PSEB), and three Gs were found to be important for specific PSE binding. UV cross-linking showed that PSEB had a molecular mass of approximately 160 kDa, substituting the PSE with two previously reported placenta elements TSE or chorionic somatomammotropin enhancer factor 1 (CSEF-1) motifs resulted in markedly different promoter activities, indicating that PSEB is indeed different from TSE binding protein or CSEF-1. These results are the first demonstration that a novel PSE is the major element for placenta-specific enhancer activity in human LIFR gene.