gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Lateral Gas Transport in Soil Adjacent to Old Landfill (2001)

Lateral migration of landfill gases in soils surrounding old (closed) municipal landfills can lead to explosion hazards and damage to vegetation. Landfill gas production and migration is controlled by microbial activity and soil physical properties such as gas (air) permeability, gas diffusivity, and atmospheric pressure variations. Gas diffusivity and air permeability were measured on undisturbed samples collected at an agricultural field adjacent to an old Danish municipal landfill. Empirical expressions for predicting gas diffusivity and air permeability from soil-water content were fitted to the data. An empirical expression for calculating methane oxidation rate as a function of soil temperature was developed using site-specific measurements of methane oxidation rate. The transport and degradation parameter expressions were incorporated into a numerical model for simulating landfill gas transport, using soil-water content, temperature, and soil organic matter content as measured input parameters (functions of time and soil depth). Previous measurements of landfill gas (CO2 and CH4) concentrations and fluxes in the agricultural field soil conducted over a period of one year were used to calibrate the gas transport model using methane oxidation rate, landfill gas pressure, and wind-induced dispersion as fitting parameters. The model was subsequently tested against independent concentration and flux data (not used in the model calibration). This yielded a prediction accuracy similar to that found during the calibration. The model was used to evaluate the sensitivity of landfill gas concentration and flux with respect to a set of governing parameters. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that landfill gas migration in the field soil was most sensitive to air permeability and soil-water content. Methane oxidation rate and atmospheric pressure variations had some effects, especially on the gas flux, whereas gas diffusion was not important.
Using genome comparisons of wild-type and resistant mutants of Methanococcus maripaludis to help understand mechanisms of resistance to methane inhibitors (2021)

Methane emissions from enteric fermentation in the ruminant digestive system generated by methanogenic archaea are a significant contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, methane produced as an end-product of enteric fermentation is an energy loss from digested feed. To control the methane emissions from ruminants, extensive research in the last decades has been focused on developing viable enteric methane mitigation practices, particularly, using methanogen-specific inhibitors. We report here the utilization of two known inhibitors of methanogenic archaea, neomycin and chloroform, together with a recently identified inhibitor, echinomycin, to produce resistant mutants of <i>Methanococcus maripaludis</i> S2 and S0001. Whole-genome sequencing at high coverage (> 100-fold) was performed subsequently to investigate the potential targets of these inhibitors at the genomic level. Upon analysis of the whole-genome sequencing data, we identified mutations in a number of genetic loci pointing to potential mechanisms of inhibitor action and their underlying mechanisms of resistance.
What Makes Communities Tick? Community Health Analysis Using Role Compositions (2012)

Today's Web is social and largely driven by a wide variety of online communities. Many such communities are owned and managed by businesses that draw much value from these communities, in the form of efficient and cheaper customer support, generation of new ideas, fast spreading of information, etc. Understanding how to measure the health of online communities and how to predict its change over time, whether to better or to worse health, is key to developing methods and policies for supporting these communities and managing them more efficiently. In this paper we investigate the prediction of community health based on the social behaviour exhibited by their members. We apply our analysis over 25 SAP online communities, and demonstrate the feasibility of using behaviour analysis to predict change in their health metrics. We show that accuracy of health prediction increases when using community-specific prediction models, rather than using a one-model-fits-all approach.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE CYANIDE‐INDUCED FORMATION OF METHYL ACETATE FROM ((METHOXYCARBONYL)METHYL)COBALAMIN (1982)

Abstract Die Addition von CN‐Ionen an Methoxycarbonylmethylcobalamin bewirkt die schnelle reversible Bildung einer Cyanidadditionsverbindung.
Predicting Futility in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2022)

[Figure: see text]
Transgenic and knockout analyses of Masculinizer and doublesex illuminated the unique functions of doublesex in germ cell sexual development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (2020)

Abstract Background: Masculinizer (Masc) plays a pivotal role in male sex determination in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Masc is required for male-specific splicing of B. mori doublesex (Bmdsx) transcripts. The male isoform of Bmdsx (BmdsxM) induces male differentiation in somatic cells, while females express the female isoform of Bmdsx (BmdsxF), which promotes female differentiation in somatic cells. Our previous findings suggest that Masc could direct the differentiation of genetically female (ZW) germ cells into sperms. However, it remains unclear whether Masc directly induces spermatogenesis of if it promotes male differentiation in germ cells indirectly by inducing the expression of BmdsxM. Results: In this study, we performed genetic analyses using a transgenic line that expressed Masc, as well as various Bmdsx knockout lines. Masc-expressing females express both BmdsxF and BmdsxM and have degenerated ovaries combined with testis-like tissues, which produce sperm. We found that Masc-expressing females with a homozygous mutation in BmdsxM showed normal development in ovaries. The formation of testis-like tissues was abolished in these females. In comparison, Masc-expressing females carrying a homozygous mutation in BmdsxF exhibited almost complete male-specific development in gonads and germ cells. These results suggest that BmdsxM can induce male development in germ cells and internal genital organs, while BmdsxF inhibits BmdsxM activity and represses male differentiation. To investigate whether MASC directly controls male-specific splicing of Bmdsx and identify RNAs that form complexes with MASC in testes, we performed RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) using an anti-MASC antibody. We found that MASC formed a complex with AS1 lncRNA , which is a testis-specific factor involved in the male-specific splicing of Bmdsx pre-mRNA . Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that Masc induces male differentiation in gonads and germ cells by enhancing the production of BmdsxM. Physical interaction between MASC and AS1 lncRNA may be important for the BmdsxM expression in the testis. Unlike Drosophila dsx, BmdsxM was able to induce spermatogenesis in genetically female (ZW) germ cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that the role of dsx in germ cell sexual development is different between insect species.
Oxidative photoredoxkatalytische Aktivierung aliphatischer Nucleophile für C(sp3)‐C(sp2)‐Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen (2014)

In the light you will find the road (Led Zeppelin): Photoredoxkatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht erhellt den Weg, um Reaktivitätsbeschränkungen von Alkylnucleophilen in Kreuzkupplungen zu überwinden. Die iridiumkatalysierte oxidative Photoredoxaktivierung von Alkyltrifluorboraten oder aliphatischen Carbonsäuren ergibt Alkylradikale, die nickelkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen eingehen.
Isostearic acid and isostearic acid derivatives (1990)

Cet acide et ses derives forment des films lipidiques sur la peau qui sont permeables a la vapeur d'eau, l'oxygene et le dioxyde de carbone; ils sont tres utiles pour les formulations cosmetiques hydratantes (emollience, viscosite, thixotropie)
Gracilibacillus gen. nov., with description of Gracilibacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.; transfer of Bacillus dipsosauri to Gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov., and Bacillus salexigens to the genus Salibacillus gen. nov., as Salibacillus salexigens comb. nov. (1999)

A Gram-positive, extremely halotolerant bacterium was isolated from the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. The strain, designated NNT (= DSM 11805T), was strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by peritrichous flagella and spore-forming. Strain NNT grew at salinities of 0-20% (w/v) NaCl. A distinctive feature of strain NNT was its optimal growth in salt-free medium. The polar lipid pattern of strain NNT consisted of phosphatidyl glycerol, diphosphatidyl glycerol and two phospholipids of unknown structure. The G + C content of its DNA was 38 mol%. The morphological, physiological and, particularly, the 16S rDNA sequence data, showed that strain NNT was associated with 'Bacillus group 1'. However, the organisms showing the greatest degree of sequence similarity to strain NNT were members of the genus Halobacillus and the species Marinococcus albus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, Bacillus salexigens and Bacillus dipsosauri. On the basis of chemotaxonomic data, strain NNT was shown to be chemically most similar to B. salexigens and B. dipsosauri, with the greatest degree of similarity being shown to the latter organism. This was consistent with the 16S rDNA sequence data. Members of the genus Halobacillus comprise a chemically distinct group and can easily be distinguished from all other organisms of 'Bacillus group 1'. On the basis of the 16S rDNA data, chemotaxonomy and the physiology of strain NNT, it is proposed that this organism is a member of a new species, within a new genus, for which the name Gracilibacillus halotolerans is proposed. It is also proposed that B. dipsosauri be transferred to this genus as Gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov. and that B. salexigens be transferred to the genus Salibacillus gen. nov., as Salibacillus salexigens comb. nov. Finally, additional data is provided to support the transfer of Bacillus pantothenticus to the genus Virgibacillus, as Virgibacillus pantothenticus Heyndrickx et al. (1998).
Synthesis of New 1-Aryl-4-(biarylmethylene)piperazine Ligands, Structurally Related to Adoprazine (SLV313) (2012)

A series of new 1-aryl-4-(biarylmethylene)piperazines has been synthesized. These ligands are structurally related to SLV-313, a potential atypical antipsychotic having potent D 2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT 1A receptor agonist properties. Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions of 1-boc-piperazine with appropriate aryl halides and subsequent removal of the boc group rendered arylpiperazines. The reductive amination of the latter with suitable biarylaldehydes accomplished the synthesis of these ligands.
Activation of the Innate Immune System in Atherosclerotic Disease (2007)

Innate immunity is the first line of defence against invading micro-organisms. The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are carried by the invading micro-organisms. Infectious pathogens have been implicated to play an important role in atherosclerosis. Nowadays, evidence is accumulating that TLRs play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis too. A lot is known about the exogenous ligands that are able to activate the TLRs, but it is also known that endogenous ligands have the capacity to activate TLRs when exogenous ligands are absent. Studies on knockout mice, epidemiological studies and even human polymorphism studies confirmed the important role of TLRs in development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Studies with antagonists against TLR ligands and vaccination studies demonstrated that TLR signaling might be a potential target for intervention in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
Interconnect scaling-the real limiter to high performance ULSI (2002)

Reducing interconnect pitch improves layout density, but degrades interconnect RC delay. Increasing metal aspect ratio (thickness/width) improves RC delay, but maximum benefits are achieved at an aspect ratio of /spl sim/2. Adding more interconnect layers improves density and performance, but practical limits are reached in just a few generations. New conductor and dielectric materials and improved circuit design techniques will be needed to meet future ULSI interconnect requirements.
Mitogenic Signaling Mediated by Oxidants in Ras-Transformed Fibroblasts (1997)

NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably transformed with a constitutively active isoform of p21(Ras), H-RasV12 (v-H-Ras or EJ-Ras), produced large amounts of the reactive oxygen species superoxide (.O2-). .O2- production was suppressed by the expression of dominant negative isoforms of Ras or Rac1, as well as by treatment with a farnesyltransferase inhibitor or with diphenylene iodonium, a flavoprotein inhibitor. The mitogenic activity of cells expressing H-RasV12 was inhibited by treatment with the chemical antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity was decreased and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was not activated in H-RasV12-transformed cells. Thus, H-RasV12-induced transformation can lead to the production of .O2- through one or more pathways involving a flavoprotein and Rac1. The implication of a reactive oxygen species, probably .O2-, as a mediator of Ras-induced cell cycle progression independent of MAPK and JNK suggests a possible mechanism for the effects of antioxidants against Ras-induced cellular transformation.
Experimental Study on Concrete Exposed to High Temperature under Impact Loading (2013)

Based on the traditional spilt Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)apparatus,a SHPB system for testing dynamic compressive properties of materials exposed to high temperature was established after adding a tubular electric furnace,and the dynamic compressive stress-strain curves of concrete at 200~800℃ were measured using the system.The results show that the SHPB experimental system can be used to test the dynamic properties of concrete exposed to high temperature;Dynamic compressive strength and critical strain of concrete at different temperatures increase with the rise of projectile velocity;Effects of high temperature on dynamic properties of concrete are remarkable:the critical strain increases with the temperature increasing,dynamic compressive strength increases firstly and then decreases slightly,and decreases rapidly after 600℃.
Leukemia inhibitory factor functions as a growth factor in pancreas carcinoma cells: Involvement of regulation of LIF and its receptor expression (2007)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotrophic cytokine, which plays an important role in inducing cancer cachexia. We have previously reported that LIF promotes cell proliferation in some human carcinoma cells through c-fos, jun-B and cyclin-E expression. In the present study, we analyzed the regulation of LIF and its receptor (LIFR) expression in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Seven pancreatic carcinoma cells expressed constitutively LIF and its heterodimer receptor (LIFR and gp130) mRNA in RPMI-1640 medium without FBS. The amount of LIF immunoreactive protein was 132.5+/-52 pg/10(6) cells in culture supernatants without FBS. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, or LIF, enhanced the expression of LIF mRNA in Hs-700T and Hs-766T cells. Addition of LIF significantly induced cell proliferation of Hs700T in 13 days LIF dose-dependently. However, anti-LIF IgG failed to suppress cell proliferation in Hs-700T cells. LIF acted as a paracrine growth factor in Hs-700T cells, which expressed low amount of LIF without stimuli. Cellular signal transductions by LIF was down-regulated by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), and Ca/Calmodulin. LIF induced phosphorylation of STAT3. Moreover, exogenous LIF upregulated the expression of LIFR mRNA. Antisense LIFR oligonucleotide significantly suppressed cell growth in the presence of LIF in Hs-700T cells. These results suggest that cytokine network might alter the expression and responsiveness to LIF in tumor microenvironment.
How Do Thermal Recovery Methods Affect Wettability Alteration? (2014)

We will investigate the effect of temperature on wettability. First, we will list and summarize the different schools of thoughts from previous literature describing wettability changes for sandstone and carbonate reservoirs at elevated temperature. Next, we will describe the properties that affect wettability: how they alter wettability and how they are affected by temperature. After that, we will present indications of wettability changes and current wettability measurement techniques. Following this, case studies describing how wettability change influences reservoir characteristics and field performance during thermal recovery processes will be discussed. The thermal recovery methods included in the case studies were steam flooding, cyclic steam injection, hot water flooding, and in situ combustion. The main and very important take away from this study is that temperature induced wettability change is determined by many possible mechanisms combined together and not by just one or two phenomena occurring simultaneously. Finally, we will propose a reasonable scheme for wettability alteration during dry forward combustion, which needs further investigation.
Inline pressure sensing mechanisms enabling scalable range and sensitivity (2015)

We report on two novel capacitive pressure sensing mechanisms that allow measurements inline with other fluidic devices on one chip, without introducing a large internal volume to the fluid path. The first sensing mechanism is based on out-of-plane bending of a U-shaped channel and the same structure could be used for thermal flow sensing simultaneously. The second mechanism is based on deformation of the cross-section of the tube and allows for differential capacitive readout. The sensitivity and range of both mechanisms are scalable. The current implementations are tested up to 2.45 bar and 1 bar respectively.
Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycle Thermodynamics and the Relict Inner Eyewall Circulation (2012)

Abstract Flight-level aircraft data are used to examine inner-core thermodynamic changes during eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) and the role of the relict inner eyewall circulation on the evolution of a hurricane during and following an ERC. Near the end of an ERC, the eye comprises two thermodynamically and kinematically distinct air masses separated by a relict wind maximum, inside of which high inertial stability restricts radial motion creating a “containment vessel” that confines the old-eye air mass. Restricted radial flow aloft also reduces subsidence within this confined region. Subsidence-induced warming is thus focused along the outer periphery of the developing post-ERC eye, which leads to a flattening of the pressure profile within the eye and a steepening of the gradient at the eyewall. This then causes a local intensification of the winds in the eyewall. The cessation of active convection and subsidence near the storm center, which has been occurring over the course of the ERC, leads to an increase in minimum pressure. The increase in minimum pressure concurrent with the increase of winds in the developing eyewall can create a highly anomalous pressure–wind relationship. When the relict inner eyewall circulation dissipates, the air masses are free to mix and subsidence can resume more uniformly over the entire eye.
Nutrient Acquisition and Metabolism by Campylobacter jejuni (2012)

The gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is able to colonize numerous different hosts and compete against the gut microbiota. To do this, it must be able to efficiently acquire sufficient nutrients from its environment to support its survival and rapid growth in the intestine. However, despite almost 50 years of research, many aspects as to how C. jejuni accomplishes this feat remain poorly understood. C. jejuni lacks many of the common metabolic pathways necessary for the use of glucose, galactose, or other carbohydrates upon which most other microbes thrive. It does however make efficient use of citric acid cycle intermediates and various amino acids. C. jejuni readily uses the amino acids aspartate, glutamate, serine, and proline, with certain strains also possessing additional pathways allowing for the use of glutamine and asparagine. More recent work has revealed that some C. jejuni strains can metabolize the sugar l-fucose. This finding has upset years of dogma that C. jejuni is an asaccharolytic organism. C. jejuni also possesses diverse mechanisms for the acquisition of various transition metals that are required for metabolic activities. In particular, iron acquisition is critical for the formation of iron-sulfur complexes. C. jejuni is also unique in possessing both molybdate and tungsten cofactored proteins and thus has an unusual regulatory scheme for these metals. Together these various metabolic and acquisition pathways help C. jejuni to compete and thrive in wide variety of hosts and environments.
Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance guidelines for reporting cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations (2009)

These reporting guidelines are recommended by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) to provide a framework for healthcare delivery systems to disseminate cardiac and vascular imaging findings related to the performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations.
Robust network design (2013)

In this paper, we address the problem of robust network design. Robustness is defined as the minimizing variations in network performance, such as average delay and throughput, due to the perturbations in the network, e.g. topology, demand and community of interest. We pose an optimization problem is cast in the form of minimizing a new robustness metric that is a function of network routing, capacities and external traffic demand distributions. We use the correspondence between packet flows in a network and random walk models. We use Markov chain sensitivity analysis to derive a new measure and prove its robustness property. We show that the node robustness factor, along with the Kemeny constant, plays a critical role in the robustness of a network. We evaluate the proposed robust optimization method by comparing to conventional network design approaches.
WDM-IDMA solution for NG-PON2 enabled by coherent technology and colorless ONUs (2014)

We propose a novel hybrid solution for NG-PON2 combining wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA). Results demonstrate the uplink transmission supporting more than 90 colorless ONUs at 1.25 Gb/s each over 100 km reach.
Bovine leukemia virus specific antibodies among French cattle. I. Comparison of complement fixation and hematological tests (1977)

Complement fixation (CF) and hematological studies were performed on 517 cows living in normal conditions in different geographical areas of France. The animals belonged to three different categories: (1) multiple or single case herds, in which lymphosarcomas had been detected in the past five years. (2) Leukemia free herds of high risk regions. (3) Leukemia free and apparently unexposed herds. Positive animals were found with both methods in the first two categories but not in the third. Persistent lymphocytosis and CF antibodies were more frequent in leukemia than in exposed but leukemia free herds. Approximately 2 times more animals were found positive by serologic than by hematologic tests. The mean geometrical titer of CF antibodies was higher in lymphocytotic than in normal animals and highest in lymphosarcomatous cows. Persistent lymphocytosis was first detected in 3-years-old animals whereas 22% of younger cows were positive in the CF test.