gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ferroresonance Phenomenon in 22 kV Distribution System with a Photovoltaic Source by PSCAD/EMTDC (2018)

Overvoltage and overcurrent in the middle voltage (MV) 22 kV and low voltage (LV) 0.4 kV distribution network with photovoltaic (PV) rooftop system of the Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand (PEA) have been investigated in order to show that these unwanted situations are caused by the ferroresonance phenomenon. This information would be useful to improve a better solution for the system protection when PV rooftops are integrated into the PEA distribution system. The software tool, PSCAD/EMTDC is used to study the overvoltage at the high side of open-delta and open-wye distribution transformer- and overcurrent at the low side of distribution transformer linked to the grid system via three single-phase fuse cutouts. The ferroresonance phenomenon can be observed when the PV rooftop system is linked to the low voltage side of the distribution transformer via three single-phase fuse cutouts. The results show a good similarity with the results from the simulation of the MV side and LV side of distribution transformers. Finally, the physical phenomena described to the overvoltage, overcurrent, and the destruction of the distribution transformer and other apparatus in load customers will occur when the system consists of the PV rooftop source, capacitance in long transmission line, nonlinear distribution transformer with saturation characteristic and the usage of single-phase switching cutouts in the system.
Enhanced long term microcircuit plasticity in the valproic acid animal model of autism (2009)

A single intra-peritoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) on embryonic day (ED) 11.5 to pregnant rats has been shown to produce severe autistic-like symptoms in the offspring. Previous studies showed that the microcircuitry is hyperreactive due to hyperconnectivity of glutamatergic synapses and hyperplastic due to over-expression of NMDA receptors. These changes were restricted to the dimensions of a minicolumn (<50 μm). In the present study, we explored whether Long Term Microcircuit Plasticity (LTMP) was altered in this animal model. We performed multi-neuron patch-clamp recordings on clusters of layer 5 pyramidal cells in somatosensory cortex brain slices (PN 12-15), mapped the connectivity and characterized the synaptic properties for connected neurons. Pipettes were then withdrawn and the slice was perfused with 100 μM sodium glutamate in artificial cerebrospinal fluid in the recording chamber for 12 h. When we re-patched the same cluster of neurons, we found enhanced LTMP only at inter-somatic distances beyond minicolumnar dimensions. These data suggest that hyperconnectivity is already near its peak within the dimensions of the minicolumn in the treated animals and that LTMP, which is normally restricted to within a minicolumn, spills over to drive hyperconnectivity across the dimensions of a minicolumn. This study provides further evidence to support the notion that the neocortex is highly plastic in response to new experiences in this animal model of autism.
Clinical Image: Massive bony erosions in the shoulder (2010)

The patient, a 51-year-old woman with a 32-year history of rheumatoid arthritis, presented with severe pain and deformities of multiple joints. She had received joint replacements of the left hip and right knee. Deformities of the wrist, finger, and elbow joints were observed on physical examination. Of note, her right shoulder was immobile and, on plain radiography, was shown to be totally ankylosed. Three-dimensional computed tomography revealed multiple pits and holes on the surface of the proximal humerus and bony threads in the humeral head and acromion, which were thought to be caused by massive bony erosion due to rheumatoid synovium. Shoulder joint replacement did not appear to be possible, and she was treated with conservative medical therapy.
[The hyperaminoacidurias with special reference to cystinuria]. (1979)

Increased urinary excretion of free amino acids is a sign which requires determination of the underlying cause. Physiological aspects of tubular transport with emphasis on the role played by transport proteins or carriers are briefly discussed. Subsequently we present a resumptive classification. In prerenal hyperaminoaciduria the urinary excretion of amino acids just reflects the error in amino acid metabolism. Depending on tubular reabsorption of the amino acid involved in the metabolic error three types can be distinguished: the overflow, the competitive and the non-threshold hyperaminoacidurias. Renal hyperaminoaciduria can either be specific for individual or group-related amino acids, or generalized involving all amino acids. With the exception of classical cystinuria the various hyperaminoacidurias have more theoretical than clinical importance. Generalized hyperaminoaciduria is always a symptom of severe tubular disturbance which can be produced by various metabolic diseases, intoxications or deficiency states. Finally we present our experience in the treatment of cystinuria with mercaptopropionyl-glycine.
Scalable Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide Purification with Use of a Catching by Polymerization, Washing, and Releasing Approach (2010)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides are purified with use of a catching by polymerization, washing, and releasing approach. The method does not require any chromatography, and purification is achieved by simple operations such as shaking, washing, and extraction. It is therefore useful for large-scale purification of synthetic oligonucleotide drugs. In addition to purification of oligonucleotides, this catching by polymerization concept is expected to be equally useful for purification of other synthetic oligomers such as peptides and oligosaccharides.
Registry of Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Care (MSTRAC) Patient and Physician Characteristics (2000)

Abstract The registry of Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Care (MSTRAC) is an ongoing US research project that was initiated in April 1998. This article reports the characteristics of 2,590 relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 483 physicians enrolled as of July 31, 1999. The mean age of the MSTRAC patients was 44 years; 92% were white; and 83% were women. The majority had some college education, and 50% were employed. Eighty-one percent of patients had relapsing-remitting MS, 17% had secondary progressive MS with relapses, and 3% had progressive relapsing MS. Mean age at symptom onset was 34 years, and mean duration of illness was nine years; mean time between disease onset and diagnosis was two years. Most patients (84%) experienced either no or slow disability progression that varied significantly by the type of relapsing MS (P &amp;lt; .001). MSTRAC physicians had practiced medicine for a mean of 15 years and had spent 84% of their time in patient care. Physicians were distributed across the United States and saw their MS patients in various settings.
INC-Seq: accurate single molecule reads using nanopore sequencing (2016)

INC-Seq reads enabled accurate species-level classification, identification of species at 0.1 % abundance and robust quantification of relative abundances, providing a cheap and effective approach for pathogen detection and microbiome profiling on the MinION system.
An Agent-Based Data Collection Architecture for Distributed Simulations (2004)

This paper presents an agent-based architecture for data collection and output analysis within a distributed simulation. Typically, a distributed model is decomposed into submodels that exchange entities such as system states, transitions, state durations, and objects. These submodels may run on different computers connected through a network. Because each submodel operates in a relatively independent manner, they each have only a partial view of system characteristics. Hence it becomes necessary to provide services that facilitate data collection and analysis within the distributed simulation. The main contribution of this article is to enhance the software support to enable data collection and analysis within the distributed simulation. The framework proposed in this work is integrated within the DEVSJAVA environment, which provides a system-theoretic basis for formulating discrete event simulation models through a collection of objects. The proposed system provides a scalable distributed computing architecture. The operation of the system is illustrated through an example in automated mining. We compare our architecture with a “baseline” methodology in which all submodels report all data to a central database for output analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture can reduce network traffic significantly, provided the data collection agent is able to choose its operational parameters appropriately. The results also show that the system is able to work well with both heavy and light network traffic cases.
Reaction Mechanism of Methanol to Formaldehyde over Fe‐ and FeO‐Modified Graphene (2015)

We employed periodic DFT calculations (PBE-D2) to investigate the catalytic conversion of methanol over graphene embedded with Fe and FeO. Two possible pathways of dehydrogenation to formaldehyde and dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME) over these catalysts were examined. Both processes are initiated with the activation of methanol over the catalytic center through O-H cleavage. As a result, a methoxo-containing intermediate is formed. Subsequently, H-transfer from the methoxy to the adjacent ligand leads to the formation of formaldehyde. Conversely, the activation of the second methanol over the intermediate gives DME and H2O. Over Fe/graphene, the dehydration process is kinetically and thermodynamically preferable. Unlike Fe/graphene, FeO/graphene is predicted to be an efficient catalyst for the dehydrogenation process. Oxidative dehydrogenation over FeO/graphene takes place through two steps with free energy barriers of 5.7 and 10.2 kcal mol(-1).
Evaluation and projection of extreme temperature percentiles by means of statistical and dynamical downscaling methods (2012)

Ponencia presentada en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012.
In Vitro Model for the Study of the Dissociation of Increasing Antigenemia and Decreasing DNAemia and Viremia during Treatment of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection with Ganciclovir in Transplant Recipients (2003)

The paradox phenomenon (i.e., the dissociation of increasing antigenemia and decreasing DNAemia and viremia) that occurs during treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections with ganciclovir (Gcv), in transplant recipients, was investigated by use of an in vitro model for the study of interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells. The paradox phenomenon was reproduced in vitro in the presence of Gcv and, to a much lesser extent, in the presence of cidofovir, but not in the presence of foscarnet. The pathogenetic basis for such a paradox response was found, by use of drug concentrations in the range of 90%-99% of the inhibitory dose, to rely on the partial synthesis of HCMV phosphoprotein 65. The opposite situation (i.e., the simultaneous increase of antigenemia, viremia, and DNAemia), which is observed in clinical conditions associated with inefficacy of treatment due to drug-resistant strains, was also reproduced in vitro by use of drug-resistant HCMV strains. The conclusion for clinicians is that antiviral therapy must be changed only in the latter case.
Cytosolic and Membrane-Bound Nitric Oxide Synthase (1991)

Cytotoxic activated macrophages were sonicated and centrifuged. The activity of nitric oxide (NO) synthase was present in the supernatant and independent of Ca2+ The pellets were washed three times and treated with buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100 or buffer alone, followed by centrifugation. The supernatant containing Triton X-100 showed NO synthase activity that was dependent on Ca2+ whereas the supernatant without the detergent had little activity. These data suggest that there are two forms of NO synthase: cytosolic and membrane-bound enzymes.
Cryopreservation for Tree Species with Recalcitrant Seeds: the Avocado Case (2020)

Recent developments in the cryopreservation space has increased the trend in germplasm collections established through cryopreserved in vitro material. Cryopreservation of recalcitrant seeds through embryos and embryonic axes, is not uncommon. Tropical and sub-tropical plants are not acclimated to the cold season, therefore have no in-built natural resilience to the cold. Also, larger seeds from trees, such as avocado (Persea americana Mill.), mango (Mangifera indica) and durian (Durio zibethinus L.) are sensitive to desiccation, chilling and freezing stress, making them unsuitable for seed banking or cryopreservation. Alternatively, as seeds do not carry the same genetic make-up as the mother plant, especially in the context of woody rainforest species of which the cross-pollination is dominant; seed conservation does not serve the purpose of germplasm preservation. Other plant material and methods are needed for these plants to be successfully stored in liquid nitrogen (LN). One such method commonly used is shoot-tip cryopreservation which ensures the clonal fidelity of germplasm. There are many problems when using shoot tips of tropical recalcitrant-seeded species. These include: 1) the toxic effects of cryoprotective agents towards structural integrity; 2) optimum developmental stage for success and 3) oxidative stress associated with excision injury leading to necrosis triggering cell death and hindering regeneration for the shoot tips in culture. A pre-requisite for any cryopreservation system is the availability of an established tissue culture regeneration platform. This review will outline conservation strategies for avocado with special emphasis on attempts and improvements made in the cryopreservation space for storing this horticulturally important crop &amp;lsquo;avocado&amp;rsquo; at ultra-low temperatures.
TheUnseen Universe: Physics and the Philosophy of Nature in Victorian Britain (1972)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Electrochemical photooxidation of carboxylates on CdS electrodes (1987)

Abstract Photoelectrochemical oxidation of formate and of some α hydroxycarboxylate species took place at CdS semiconductor photoanodes. The mechanism of the formate dissociation, yielding carbon dioxide and hydrogen, was investigated. The hydroxy groups of the hydroxycarboxylate ions were oxidised to the corresponding ketones. Current enhancement (“current doubling”) effects were noted. The photooxidative reactions competed effectively with CdS photocorrosion.
Antimicrobial GL13K Peptide Coatings Killed and Ruptured the Wall of Streptococcus gordonii and Prevented Formation and Growth of Biofilms (2014)

Infection is one of the most prevalent causes for dental implant failure. We have developed a novel antimicrobial peptide coating on titanium by immobilizing the antimicrobial peptide GL13K. GL13K was developed from the human salivary protein BPIFA2. The peptide exhibited MIC of 8 µg/ml against planktonic Pseudonomas aeruginosa and their biofilms were reduced by three orders of magnitude with 100 µg/ml GL13K. This peptide concentration also killed 100% of Streptococcus gordonii. At 1 mg/ml, GL13K caused less than 10% lysis of human red blood cells, suggesting low toxicity to mammalian cells. Our GL13K coating has also previously showed bactericidal effect and inhibition of biofilm growth against peri-implantitis related pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. The GL13K coating was cytocompatible with human fibroblasts and osteoblasts. However, the bioactivity of antimicrobial coatings has been commonly tested under (quasi)static culture conditions that are far from simulating conditions for biofilm formation and growth in the oral cavity. Oral salivary flow over a coating is persistent, applies continuous shear forces, and supplies sustained nutrition to bacteria. This accelerates bacteria metabolism and biofilm growth. In this work, the antimicrobial effect of the coating was tested against Streptococcus gordonii, a primary colonizer that provides attachment for the biofilm accretion by P. gingivalis, using a drip-flow biofilm bioreactor with media flow rates simulating salivary flow. The GL13K peptide coatings killed bacteria and prevented formation and growth of S. gordonii biofilms in the drip-flow bioreactor and under regular mild-agitation conditions. Surprisingly the interaction of the bacteria with the GL13K peptide coatings ruptured the cell wall at their septum or polar areas leaving empty shell-like structures or exposed protoplasts. The cell wall rupture was not detected under regular culture conditions, suggesting that cell wall rupture induced by GL13K peptides also requires media flow and possible attendant biological sequelae of the conditions in the bioreactor.
Towards Practical and Robust Labeled Pattern Matching in Trillion-Edge Graphs (2017)

Subgraph pattern matching is fundamental to graph analytics and has wide applications. Unfortunately, high computational complexity limits the robustness guarantees of existing algorithms: they do not scale for modern large graph datasets and/or they have limitations in terms of accuracy or in terms of the intricacy of the patterns supported. We present algorithms, theory, and empirical evidence that iteratively eliminating vertices that do not meet local constraints dramatically reduces the search space for pattern matching in real-world graphs, and demonstrate a scalable implementation of our algorithms. We additionally identify the characteristics of patterns for which every non-eliminated vertex participates in a match. These techniques are an essential step to enable scalable, practical solutions for robust pattern matching in large-scale labeled graphs.We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach through strong and weak scaling experiments on massive-scale real-world (up to 257 billion edges) and synthetic (up to 2.2 trillion edges) graphs and at scales (256 compute nodes with 6,144 processors) orders of magnitude larger than those used in the past for similar problems.
Studies of the Effects of Volatile Components from Gas Chromatographic Liquid Phases on Plasma Chromatographic Performance (1978)

A procedure is described for rapidly examining the sensitivity of the plasma chromatograph to volatiles from gas chromatographic stationary phases (column bleed) to aid in the selection of liquid phases most appropriate for use in a combined gas chromatography-plasma chromatographic system. Studies were performed on the effect of bleed from 19 common gas chromatographic liquid phases under both oxidative and nonoxidative conditions in both the positive and negative modes. The results indicate that the selection of a liquid phase for optimum chromatographic separation may have to be secondary to the consideration of its effect on plasma chromatographic performance.
Effects of EGF on alveolar epithelial junctional permeability and active sodium transport (1996)

We evaluated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on transepithelial resistance (Rt) and active ion transport by alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) monolayers on tissue culture-treated polycarbonate filters. Rat type II cells were cultured in completely defined serum-free medium (MDSF) or MDSF supplemented with EGF. The addition of EGF from either day 0 (chronic) or day 4 (subacute) resulted in significant increases in Rt and short-circuit current (ISC) on day 5. After subacute exposure, these effects were delayed in onset by 6-12 h and sustained for > 24 h. Basolateral (but not apical) EGF was responsible for these effects, which were prevented by preincubation with tyrphostin RG-50864, a reversible specific inhibitor of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. ISC decreased, with a sensitivity to apical inhibitors of sodium transport in the order benzamil > amiloride > 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride in MDSF +/- EGF, and was completely inhibited by the addition of basolateral ouabain. Net sodium flux and Na+, K+ -ATPase activity both increased approximately 50% in the presence of EGF. These results indicate that 1) EGF decreases tight junctional permeability and increases active sodium transport by AEC monolayers via basolaterally located EGF receptors, and 2) the pathways for AEC sodium entry and exit (+/- EGF) are apical high amiloride affinity sodium channels and basolateral sodium pumps.
Human cervical and foreskin epithelial cells immortalized by human papillomavirus DNAs exhibit dysplastic differentiation in vivo. (1990)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs are detected in approximately 90% of anogenital carcinomas. To assess directly the effect of HPV on squamous differentiation, normal human cervical and foreskin epithelial cells and cells immortalized by recombinant HPV DNAs were transplanted beneath a skin-muscle flap in athymic mice. Xenografts containing normal cells formed well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelia 2 to 3 weeks after transplantation, but cell lines immortalized by four HPV types (HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV33) detected in anogenital cancer exhibited dysplastic morphology and molecular alterations in gene expression characteristic of intraepithelial neoplasia. Morphological alterations were accompanied by delayed commitment to terminal differentiation, alterations in the pattern of involucrin expression, and reductions in levels of involucrin and keratin 1 RNAs. HPV18-immortalized cells developed dysplastic changes more rapidly than cells immortalized by HPV16 DNA. These results show that human genital epithelial cells immortalized by HPV DNAs detected in genital cancers undergo dysplastic differentiation in vivo.
Persistent carbenes containing acetylenes: 4,5-dialkynylimidazol-2-ylidene (2000)

A nucleophilic imidazole carbene featuring acetylene substituents in the 4- and 5-positions is prepared in three steps from dialkynyl diimines and is characterised by low temperature NMR spectroscopy and trapping reactions with MeI, CS2 and HgCl2.
Milk and fat production in dairy cattle influenced by advanced subclinical bovine leukemia virus infection. (1989)

Genetic potentials (pedigree-estimated breeding value) for milk and for fat were compared in cows grouped according to subclinical stage of bovine leukemia virus infection. Genetic potential for milk production was significantly greater in seropositive cows with persistent lymphocytosis (622 +/- 72 kg) and in seropositive hematologically normal cows (554 +/- 34 34 kg) than in seronegative herdmates (418 +/- 53 kg). When 305-day twice-daily-milking mature equivalent milk production records for the current lactation were adjusted for genetic potential, bovine leukemia virus-infected cows that were hematologically normal had significantly greater milk production than did seronegative herdmates, suggesting that early bovine leukemia virus infection was positively associated with milk yield. Genetic potential for fat production was significantly greater for cows with persistent lymphocytosis (21 +/- 2 kg) than for other seropositive (16 +/- 1 kg) and seronegative herdmates (13 +/- 2 kg); however, 305-day twice-daily-milking mature equivalent fat production for the current lactation was not significantly different between the groups. Thus, cows with persistent lymphocytosis did not produce fat according to their genetic potential. As an apparent consequence of tendencies for greater milk yield and less fat production, milk fat percentage was significantly reduced in cows with persistent lymphocytosis (3.33 +/- 0.09%) and other seropositive cows (3.48 +/- 0.05%) relative to seronegative herdmates (3.67 +/- 0.07%). These results suggest a need to reevaluate the economic impact of bovine leukemia virus infection on the dairy industry.