gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Koregistrierung multimodaler Bildgebung mit histopathologischer Aufarbeitung am Beispiel des felinen injektionsassoziierten Sarkoms (2020)

Einleitung Metabolische Eigenschaften sind sehr sensitive molekulare Marker zur prognostischen Tumorcharakterisierung im Vergleich zur rein metrisch-deskriptiv basierten Stratifikation. Ziel der Studie war die Etablierung eines Protokolls zur Koregistrierung multimodaler molekularer In-vivo-Bildgebung mit histopathologischen Befunden zur Charakterisierung der intratumoralen Heterogenität (ITH) in felinen injektionsassoziierten Sarkomen (FIS) als spontan auftretendes Tumormodell.
Efficient traffic load reduction algorithms for mitigating query hotspots for wireless sensor networks (2015)

In query–based wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a hotspot may cause the heavy power consumption due to the frequent query request among nodes for specific events. A hotspot leads to the fluctuation of traffic flow and the unbalanced energy among those neighbouring nodes. To mitigate the hotspot phenomenon, a target region with the fluctuation of traffic flow around the hotspot to handle the unbalance traffic load is constructed first. In this paper, we propose two algorithms for mitigating query hotspots, distance–based mobile agent selection (DMAS) and greedy–based mobile agent selection (GMAS). The boundary node equipped with mobile agent is called limb node that moves around the hotspot. Experiment results include the comparisons of hotspot rate and total energy consumption, hotspot traffic rate with different RT value query frequency, and the effect of the hotspot overlay avoidance. The results show that DMAS and GMAS can mitigate the traffic rate of hotspot about 50%, effectively.
An Autonomous Guided Vehicle for Cargo Handling Applications (1996)

This article describes an autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) system designed to transport ISO standard cargo containers in port environments. The AGV consists of a large 17.5-ton chassis, which is driven and steered through a diesel-hydraulic power set. The vehicle drives on pneumatic wheels over un prepared road surfaces at speeds up to 6 m/s. The navigation system is based on the use of millimeter-wave radar sensors detecting beacons placed at known locations in the environ ment. The navigation system reliably achieves accuracies of better than 3 cm. The planning and control systems allow the AGV to operate in the quay and yard area, to dock with gantry cranes, and to achieve a duty cycle comparable to that of a conventional manned vehicle. This article concentrates on describing three principal contributions of this work: the de sign of the overall vehicle and on-board systems architecture; the development of a navigation system appropriate for large, outdoor, high-speed vehicles; and the experimental program leading to validation of the vehicle system.
Weakly-supervised Knowledge Graph Alignment with Adversarial Learning (2019)

This paper studies aligning knowledge graphs from different sources or languages. Most existing methods train supervised methods for the alignment, which usually require a large number of aligned knowledge triplets. However, such a large number of aligned knowledge triplets may not be available or are expensive to obtain in many domains. Therefore, in this paper we propose to study aligning knowledge graphs in fully-unsupervised or weakly-supervised fashion, i.e., without or with only a few aligned triplets. We propose an unsupervised framework to align the entity and relation embddings of different knowledge graphs with an adversarial learning framework. Moreover, a regularization term which maximizes the mutual information between the embeddings of different knowledge graphs is used to mitigate the problem of mode collapse when learning the alignment functions. Such a framework can be further seamlessly integrated with existing supervised methods by utilizing a limited number of aligned triples as guidance. Experimental results on multiple datasets prove the effectiveness of our proposed approach in both the unsupervised and the weakly-supervised settings.
FTY720 and Cyclosporine: Evaluation for a Pharmacokinetic Interaction (2004)

The pharmacokinetics of single-dose FTY720 and steady-state cyclosporine were not altered during coadministration.
Cell Proliferation in Pancreatic Islets of Rat Fetuses and Neonates from Normal and Diabetic Mothers. An In Vitro and In Vivo Study (1984)

The influence of diabetic pregnancy on the fetal and newborn endocrine pancreas of rats was investigated in vitro and in vivo. A mild diabetic state was induced experimentally in the mother with 30 mg streptozotocin injected in the vein of the tail on the first day of gestation. The maternal blood sugar was 326 +/- 28 mg/dl at the end of the gestation. The in vitro experiment was performed on fetuses of 21.5 days. The endocrine pancreases were cultured during four or seven days and incubated the last 24 hours with tritiated thymidine. The healthy state of the islet cells after the two respective periods of culture was confirmed by an electron microscope study. After incubation with tritiated thymidine, a significantly higher percentage of labelled nuclei was observed in the islets of the diabetic group when compared with the controls. This was apparent after four days (diabetics: 54% - controls: 50%) and is obvious after seven days (diabetics: 28.8% - controls: 18%). For the in vivo experiment, two day old rats born at term from normal or diabetic mothers were injected (s.c.) with tritiated thymidine and killed two hours later. The proliferative capacity of the islet cells of pups born from diabetic mothers compared to the controls was higher when the percentage of labelled nuclei was calculated (respectively 5.4% versus 3.8%). An islet hypertrophy was also found in the diabetic group. In conclusion, our results combining in vitro techniques with in vivo observations demonstrate the higher proliferative rate of the fetal endocrine pancreas induced by a mildly diabetic feto-maternal environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: ELOQUENT‐2 follow‐up and post‐hoc analyses on progression‐free survival and tumour growth (2017)

The randomized phase III ELOQUENT-2 study (NCT01239797) evaluated the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab + lenalidomide/dexamethasone (ELd) versus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Ld) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. ELd reduced the risk of disease progression/death by 30% versus Ld (hazard ratio [HR] 0·70). Median time from diagnosis was 3·5 years. We present extended 3-year follow-up data. Endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and interim overall survival (OS). Exploratory post-hoc analyses included impact of time from diagnosis and prior lines of therapy on PFS, and serum M-protein dynamic modelling. ORR was 79% (ELd) and 66% (Ld) (P = 0·0002). ELd reduced the risk of disease progression/death by 27% versus Ld (HR 0·73; P = 0·0014). Interim OS demonstrated a trend in favour of ELd (P = 0·0257); 1-, 2- and 3-year rates with ELd versus Ld were: 91% versus 83%, 73% versus 69% and 60% versus 53%. In patients with ≥ median time from diagnosis and one prior therapy, ELd resulted in a 53% reduction in the risk of progression/death versus Ld (HR 0·47). Serum M-protein dynamic modelling showed slower tumour regrowth with ELd. Adverse events were comparable between arms. ELd provided a durable and clinically relevant improvement in efficacy, with minimal incremental toxicity.
Optical and electrical properties of π-conjugated polymers built with the 10 π-electron methano[10]annulene ring system (2010)

Nontraditional aromatic molecules hold tremendous promise for the design and realization of advanced materials for organic electronics applications. In this report, we describe recent work with the 10 π-electron methano[10]annulene molecule. We used chemistry established by Vogel and by Neidlein to incorporate this molecule into organic semiconducting polymers and found that they provide for highly delocalized charge carriers upon electrochemical oxidation/doping into conductive materials. Extensions to a variety of annulene-heteroaromatic copolymers will be described along with pertinent optical and electrical characterization data.
Achieving Sustainability: Insights from Biogas Ecosystems in India (2017)

This paper focuses on how the use of renewable energy technologies such as biogas can help to achieve environmental and socio-economic sustainability. It combines research on sustainable consumption and production, natural and industrial ecosystems and renewable energy adoption to develop a framework for an industrial ecosystem for biogas for bottom-of-the-pyramid and rural populations. The framework suggests that three dimensions of industrial ecosystems and a meta-dimension can be embedded in the design of a new industrial ecosystem for biogas to facilitate environmental and socio-economic sustainability. Case studies of an organization engaged in using biogas to create a sustainable bioenergy ecosystem for rural populations and two organizations producing biogas in urban India provide support for the framework.
Selective Activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway by Stimulatory KIR in the Absence of KARAP/DAP12 in CD4+ T Cells (2003)

Activation of CD4(+) T cells is governed by interplay between stimulatory and inhibitory receptors; predominance of stimulatory signals favors autoimmune reactions. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, expression of the critical costimulatory molecule, CD28, is frequently lost. Instead, CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells express killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with a preferential expression of the stimulatory receptor, CD158j. The frequency of CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) correlates with the risk for more severe disease. Moreover, the KIR2DS2 gene, which encodes for CD158j, is a genetic risk factor for rheumatoid vasculitis. CD158j signals through the adaptor molecule, KARAP/DAP12, to positively regulate cytotoxic activity in NK cells. However, the majority of CD4(+)CD28(null) T cell clones lacked the expression of KARAP/DAP12. Despite the absence of KARAP/DAP12, CD158j was functional and augmented interferon-gamma production after T cell receptor stimulation. Cross-linking of CD158j resulted in selective phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and its upstream kinase, MKK4 that led to the expression of ATF-2 and c-Jun, all in the absence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. Mutation of the lysine residue within the transmembrane domain of CD158j abolished JNK activation, suggesting that an alternate adaptor molecule was being used. CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells expressed DAP10 and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which acts downstream of DAP10, inhibited JNK activation; however, no interaction of DAP10 with CD158j could be detected. Our data suggest that CD158j in T cells functions as a costimulatory molecule through the JNK pathway independent of KARAP/DAP12 and DAP10. Costimulation by CD158j may contribute to the autoreactivity of CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells in RA.
L’application du règlement Rome I à un contrat de fiducie ayant pour objet la gestion d’une participation dans une société en commandite et contenant une clause d’ electio juris abusive (2020)

L’article 1 er , § 2, sous e), de la convention sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles, ouverte à la signature à Rome le 19 juin 1980, et l’article 1 er , § 2, sous f), du règlement (CE) n° 593/2008 du Parlement européen et du Conseil, du 17 juin 2008, sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles (Rome I), doivent être interprétés en ce sens que ne sont pas exclues du champ d’application de cette convention et de ce règlement des obligations contractuelles, telles que celles en cause au principal, qui trouvent leur source dans un contrat de fiducie ayant pour objet la gestion d’une participation dans une société en commandite. L’article 5, § 4, sous b), de la convention sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles et l’article 6, § 4, sous a), du règlement n° 593/2008 doivent être interprétés en ce sens que ne relève pas de l’exclusion prévue à ces dispositions un contrat de fiducie en application duquel les services qui sont dus au consommateur doivent être fournis, à distance, dans le pays de résidence habituelle de celui-ci depuis le territoire d’un autre pays. L’article 3, § 1, de la directive 93/13/CEE du Conseil, du 5 avril 1993, concernant les clauses abusives dans les contrats conclus avec les consommateurs, doit être interprété en ce sens qu’une clause d’un contrat de fiducie relatif à la gestion d’une participation en commandite, tel que ceux en cause au principal, conclu entre un professionnel et un consommateur, qui n’a pas fait l’objet d’une négociation individuelle et en vertu de laquelle le droit applicable est celui de l’État membre du siège de la société en commandite, est abusive, au sens de cette disposition, lorsqu’elle induit ce consommateur en erreur en lui donnant l’impression que seule la loi de cet État membre s’applique au contrat, sans l’informer du fait qu’il bénéficie également, en vertu de l’article 5, § 2, de la convention sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles et de l’article 6, § 2, du règlement n° 593/2008, de la protection que lui assurent les dispositions impératives du droit national qui serait applicable en l’absence de cette clause.
Understanding Adversarial Attacks on Observations in Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Deep reinforcement learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can decrease a victim's cumulative expected reward by manipulating the victim's observations. Despite the efficiency of previous optimization-based methods for generating adversarial noise in supervised learning, such methods might not be able to achieve the lowest cumulative reward since they do not explore the environmental dynamics in general. In this paper, we provide a framework to better understand the existing methods by reformulating the problem of adversarial attacks on reinforcement learning in the function space. Our reformulation generates an optimal adversary in the function space of the targeted attacks, repelling them via a generic two-stage framework. In the first stage, we train a deceptive policy by hacking the environment, and discover a set of trajectories routing to the lowest reward or the worst-case performance. Next, the adversary misleads the victim to imitate the deceptive policy by perturbing the observations. Compared to existing approaches, we theoretically show that our adversary is stronger under an appropriate noise level. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method's superiority in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, achieving the state-of-the-art performance in both Atari and MuJoCo environments.
Immobilization and Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophage and Lipopolysaccharide Bilayers (2010)

The paper describes immobilization methods of bacteriophage P22 and tailspike gp9 proteins isolated from P22 on atomic force microscope (AFM) probes. The paper also reports single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) using AFM of the immobilized P22 (or gp9) interactions with substrate-supported O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) bilayers. LPS covers the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella typhimurium. Evidence from AFM imaging and SMFS shows that immobilized P22 (or gp9) are capable of strong and multivalent binding to supported LPS. The most common rupture forces between P22 and LPS were identified to be 72, 130, 206, and 279 pN at force loading rate of 12,000 pN/s. The quantized unbinding force was found to decrease with decreasing force loading rate as predicted by the Bell model. By fitting the force data with the Bell model, an energy barrier of 55 kJ/mol was obtained. Evidence is also provided that demonstrates the resilience of phage to pH and temperature fluctuation as well as dehydration/rehydration cycles. The biospecific interactions between P22 and the LPS are relevant to cell infection, inflammation, cancer progression and metastasis, food safety, pharmaceuticals, and biosensor development.
Basic Principles of Wound Healing (1990)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: December 1990 - Volume 30 - Issue - p 122-128
Oxygen Reactivity of the Biferrous Site in the de novo Designed Four Helix Bundle Peptide DFsc: Nature of the “Intermediate” and Reaction Mechanism (2008)

The DFsc and DFscE11D de novo designed protein scaffolds support biomimetic diiron cofactor sites that react with dioxygen forming a 520 nm "intermediate" species with an apparent pseudo-first-order formation rate constant of 2.2 and 4.8 s-1, respectively. Resonance Raman spectroscopy shows that this absorption feature is due to a phenolate-to-ferric charge transfer transition arising from a single tyrosine residue coordinating terminally to one of the ferric ions in the site. Phenol coordination could provide a proton to promote rapid loss of a putative peroxo species.
Stress fiber-based movement of Shigella flexneri within cells (1991)

icsA (virG), a gene located on pWR100, the virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri serotype 5 (M90T), encodes a 120-kDa outer membrane protein. This protein promotes a random intracellular movement of the bacteria and leads to the infection of adjacent cells by the formation of protrusions. This movement, which involves the nucleation, polymerization, and subsequent polarization of actin, is referred to as the Ics phenotype (intra/intercellular spread). Here we present evidence that a second, distinct form of locomotion is also elaborated by S. flexneri in chicken embryo fibroblasts in which the Ics phenotype is not expressed. Using a combination of phase-contrast microcinematography and confocal microscopy, we have demonstrated that bacteria adopt parallel orientations by interacting with stress fibers. This interaction subsequently results in bacterial movement along the stress fibers themselves. This phenomenon occurs independently of the presence of a phagocytic vacuole which is lysed shortly after entry of the bacteria into the cell. It is expressed by M90T and SC560, its icsA mutant. This movement has been termed organelle-like movement (Olm phenotype) and is thought to account for the early accumulation of bacteria seen near the nucleus.
Applying Non-Random Block Cross-Validation to Improve Reliability of Model Selection and Evaluation in Hydrology: An illustration using an algorithmic model of seasonal snowpack (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A central question in model structural uncertainty is how complex a model should be in order to have greatest generality or transferability.&amp;amp;#160; One school of thought is that models become more general by adding process subroutines.&amp;amp;#160; On the other hand, model parameters and structures have been shown to change significantly when calibrated to different basins or time periods, suggesting that model complexity and model transferability may be antithetical.&amp;amp;#160; An important facet to this discussion is noting that validation methods and data applied to model evaluation and selection may tend to bias answers to this question.&amp;amp;#160; Here we apply non-random block cross-validation as a direct assessment of model transferability to a series of algorithmic space-time models of April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) across 497 SNOTEL stations for 20 years.&amp;amp;#160; In general, we show that low to moderate complexity models transfer most successfully to new conditions in space and time. &amp;amp;#160;In other words, there is an optimum between overly complex and overly simple models.&amp;amp;#160; Because structures in data resulting from temporal dynamics and spatial dependency in atmospheric and hydrological processes exist, na&amp;amp;#239;vely&amp;amp;#160;applied cross-validation practices can lead to overfitting, overconfidence in model precision or reliability, and poor ability to infer causal mechanisms.&amp;amp;#160; For example, random k-fold cross-validation methods, which are in common use for evaluating models, essentially assume independence of the data and would promote selection of more complex models. &amp;amp;#160;We further demonstrate that blocks sampled with pseudoreplicated data can produce similar outcomes.&amp;amp;#160; Some sampling strategies favored for hydrologic model validation may tend to promote pseudoreplication, requiring heightened attentiveness for model selection and evaluation.&amp;amp;#160; While the illustrative examples are drawn from snow modeling, the concepts can be readily applied to common hydrologic modeling issues.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A New Series of Selective COX‐2 Inhibitors: 5,6‐Diarylthiazolo(3,2‐b)( 1,2,4)triazoles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy growth of GaAsN on GaAs using dimethylhydrazine and tertiarybutylarsine (1997)

GaAsN layers with good structural quality and surface morphology have been successfully grown on a GaAs substrate using atmospheric pressure metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. A new combination of precursors namely, dimethylhydrazine for nitrogen and tertiarybutylarsine instead of conventional arsine for arsenic, greatly facilitated growths at temperatures as low as 500 °C. Layers with N content as high as 3% and corresponding to room temperature photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength of 1.17 μm (1.064 eV) have been obtained.
Reactions of Trifluoroacetonitrile Oxide or -nitrilimines with β-Diketones and β-Keto Esters (1986)

Abstract N-Phenyl-C-(trifluoromethyI)nitrilimine cyclized with β-diketones or β-keto esters under alkaline conditions to give the corresponding 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles with acyl or alkoxycarbonyl group at the 4-position of the ring, respectively. While trifluoroacetonitrile oxide with β-diketones provided the corresponding trifluoromethylisoxazoles, its reactions with β-keto esters gave 4-acyl-5-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylisoxazoles as well as the expected isoxazoles without the regioselectivity.
Effects of Silicon Front Surface Topography on Silicon Oxide Chemical Mechanical Planarization (1999)

Silicon wafer front‐side topography was found to affect the above oxide layer thickness uniformity through chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). A signature match between the oxide thickness variation and the silicon surface profile was revealed after a highly efficient planarization process. Random color variation with no correlation to polishing symmetry, on a lateral scale of a few millimeters up to centimeters, was clearly shown on the polished blanket oxide surface, and corresponded to oxide thickness variation on the order of . The color pattern is directly related to the silicon top surface topography. It is proven that the random oxide thickness variation after CMP is due to the combination of wafer front‐side variation and high planarization efficiency. This work was facilitated by combining measurements of oxide film thickness and wafer surface profile. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society