gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of austenitisation in 1005 C–Mn steel during continuous heating using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (2011)

The austenitisation ( α→ γ) transformation in a 1005 C–Mn steel is monitored in real time at continuous heating rates between 1 and 10°C s −1 using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and validated using dilatometry. Experimental validation is provided for austenitisation models that predict that the austenitisation transformation proceeds through multiple mechanisms. At temperatures below the A1 transformation temperature, the starting microstructure undergoes recovery and recrystallisation to relieve stress imparted during the initial thermomechanical processing of the steel. The austenitisation transformation follows, beginning at the A1 temperature, with the initial transformation proceeding as the pearlite in the microstructure is dissolved and high carbon concentration austenite is formed. Since the carbon is localised near the original pearlite colonies, there is a pronounced heating rate dependent delay before the remaining low C ferrite grains begin to transform. The transformation reaches completion at temperatures above the A3 temperature, and the last ferrite to be transformed is nearly pure iron.
Early Procedure‐Related Adverse Events by Gender in MADIT‐CRT (2014)

Women demonstrate greater clinical benefit from CRT than men but are more likely to experience adverse procedure-related events within the first 30 days after device implantation. A smaller BMI seems to be a major factor associated with pneumothorax/hemothorax in both females and males.
RMA-Based Azimuth-Range Decouple Method for Automotive SAR Sparse Imaging (2022)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology is investigated for automotive applications in recent years. Sparse imaging methods have the potential to improve the quality of SAR images at the expense of more computation and larger memory. To avoid the huge memory and computational costs, traditional range migration algorithm (RMA) based azimuth-range decouple operator is adopted in this article. We introduce RMA operators to automotive SAR sparse imaging. In each iteration of sparse reconstruction, RMA based operators are used to approximate the multiplication of sensing matrix. Compared with conventional RMA method, the proposed method effectively enhances the resolution and suppresses background noise of automotive SAR images with only dozens of times of computational costs and two times of memory. Simulations and real-data experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Intravenous Trecovirsen (GEM®91), an Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide, in HIV‐Positive Subjects (1999)

Trecovirsen, a 25-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeted at the gag site of the HIV gene, was administered to HIV-positive volunteers as an i.v. infusion. Single doses ranged from 0.1 to 2.5 mg/kg in an ascending escalation in cohorts of 6 to 12 subjects. Plasma trecovirsen concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters could be assessed at doses > or = 0.3 mg/kg. Peak plasma concentrations and AUC values increased disproportionately with increasing dose while elimination half-life increased and plasma clearance decreased, indicating a saturable process over this dose range. The only significant adverse event observed was an isolated, transitory increase in activated partial thromboplastin time at doses > or = 2.0 mg/kg that was related to plasma trecovirsen concentrations and is attributed to the polyanionic character of the molecule. Thus, trecovirsen administration was well tolerated in single i.v. doses up to 2.5 mg/kg.
Audio Routing for Scalable Conferencing using AAC-ELD and Bit Stream Domain Energy Estimation (2015)

There is an increasing interest in multipoint conferencing but service providers face the challenge of complexity when scaling to thousands of users. This problem can be resolved by a scalable architecture based on central media routers, which allows for low complexity server components and therefore low operational cost. In this paper we describe an audio routing approach using advantages offered by the AAC-ELD bit stream structure. By estimating the signal energy in the bit stream domain, we can detect active speakers at low complexity, which results in substantial bitrate and complexity reduction. Subjective tests with mediated conversations among four participants are conducted to compare the perceived audio quality of the audio router to conventional mixing in a conference bridge. The results show a reduction of complexity by one order of magnitude while maintaining the same subjective audio quality when forwarding the two most active speakers on a 10 ms framing.
Low-Light Image Enhancement with Normalizing Flow (2022)

To enhance low-light images to normally-exposed ones is highly ill-posed, namely that the mapping relationship between them is one-to-many. Previous works based on the pixel-wise reconstruction losses and deterministic processes fail to capture the complex conditional distribution of normally exposed images, which results in improper brightness, residual noise, and artifacts. In this paper, we investigate to model this one-to-many relationship via a proposed normalizing flow model. An invertible network that takes the low-light images/features as the condition and learns to map the distribution of normally exposed images into a Gaussian distribution. In this way, the conditional distribution of the normally exposed images can be well modeled, and the enhancement process, i.e., the other inference direction of the invertible network, is equivalent to being constrained by a loss function that better describes the manifold structure of natural images during the training. The experimental results on the existing benchmark datasets show our method achieves better quantitative and qualitative results, obtaining better-exposed illumination, less noise and artifact, and richer colors.
A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Immunological Study of 84 Cases of Lymphacytic Leukaemia and Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders (1975)

The surface features of cells from 84 cases of lymphocytic leukaemia, and related lymphoproliferative disorders are described as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most of the 46 cases of CLL were shown to be B-derived, but rare cases of mixed B and T cell leukaemia and leukaemia with cells bearing both B and T markers were also encountered. Despite the existence of a spectrum of cell surface morphology, it was possible in many cases to identify a dominant cell type. Cells from cases of B derived malignancies were most frequently of the 'predominantly villous' type while a smaller proportion of cases were of the predominantly 'smoother' or 'mixed villous and smooth' type. Variations in surface morphology also occurred with progression of the disease. In most cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) 'smoother' cells predominated. However, more cases of ALL and T derived leukaemia need to be examined before definite conclusions can be drawn concerning the surface of these cell types. This study also illustrates the importance of examining large numbers of cases of leukaemia, before conclusions are drawn concerning their surface features and indicates that SEM cannot consistently distinguish between leukaemic B and T cells. It will be of interest to determine whether the surface architecture of the leukaemic cell is related to the degree of cell differentiation and eventual prognosis in these cases.
Properties of the Elastic Anomaly in SrBi2Nb2O9-based Ceramics (2003)

A study was conducted on the effects of compositional modifications on the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (TCF) in the disc planar vibration mode for the bismuth layer-structured compound SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN)-based ceramics. The substitution of the strontium site by divalent and trivalent ions improved the TCF, accompanying the relaxation of elastic anomaly. The tolerance factor, t, was calculated for a pseudo cubic block to study the contribution of the structural factor to Curie temperature, T-C, and the temperature of elastic anomaly, T-ea, for each sample. T-ea showed no apparent tendency with t, whereas T-C increased as t decreased.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Synthesis of Unprotected Indoles Featuring an N−N Bond Cleavage (2016)

A redox-neutral cobalt(III)-catalyzed synthetic approach for the direct synthesis of unprotected indoles showcasing an N-N bond cleavage is reported. The herein newly introduced Boc-protected hydrazines establish a beneficial addition to the limited portfolio of oxidizing directing groups for cobalt(III) catalysis. Moreover, the developed catalytic methodology tolerates a good variety of functional groups.
Photoionization of helium-like ions with excitation of nl states (2010)

Photoionization of helium-like ions accompanied by the excitation of the residual ion to the nl-state is considered. Calculations are made in first-order perturbation theory in the electron-electron interaction using Coulomb wavefunctions as the zeroth approximation. Formulas derived for the ionization cross sections exhibit scaling behavior in the target nuclear charge Z and principal quantum number n. Numerical calculations are performed in the entire nonrelativistic energy domain. Simple power expansions of the cross sections in Sommerfeld parameter ξ are obtained in the high- and low-energy limits. The results are compared with experiment.
Cost Recovery and Greenhouse Gas Emission Abatement in Land Freight Transport (2010)

In recent work for the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) and the Australian Council of Trade Unions, NIEIR found that the transport sector offers major opportunities for low-cost greenhouse gas emission abatement. In general, rail transport is more fuel efficient per tonne-kilometre than transport by road. Given that the fuel used by the two modes is essentially the same, rail transport is less greenhouse gas emission intensive and marginal transfers of freight from road to rail are frequently included in lists of possible abatement technologies. The competitiveness of trucking has been considerably improved over the past three or four decades as a result of major investment in highways, which has not been matched by equivalent investment in rail lines. However, competitiveness is also partly a matter of price, and this raises the question of infrastructure cost recovery. At the Commonwealth level, this question has been addressed twice within the past few years: first by the Productivity Commission and then by the Henry Tax Review. This article comments on these two studies. The relevance of infrastructure cost recovery to greenhouse gas abatement policy is that, if it can be shown that road transport is currently subsidised by under-recovery of infrastructure costs, a switch could have economic efficiency benefits, in addition to the abatement benefits. The switch would be particularly rewarding if it was able to take advantage of economies of scale. To this end, we begin an examination of the common belief that 'trucks pay their way'. The Henry Review accepts the proposition that heavy road transport is subsidised. However, its report does not include any quantitative assessment of the significance of the subsidies. In this article, they are shown to be substantial. Alternative policies that take advantage of the economies of scale available to rail transport offer the chance to combine full cost capital cost recovery from both modes with a change in modal split towards rail, to reduce not only transport costs, but emissions as well.
Sporophyte and gametophyte development of Platycerium coronarium (Koenig) Desv. and P. grande (Fee) C. Presl. (Polypodiaceae) through in vitro propagation (2009)

The sporophyte and gametophyte development of Platycerium coronarium and P. grande were compared through ex situ propagation using in vitro culture technique and under greenhouse and field conditions. The morphology of the sporophyte and gametophyte, type of spore germination and prothallial development of P. coronarium and P. grande were documented. Gametophytes of P. coronarium and P. grande were cultured in vitro using different media. The gametophytes were then transferred and potted in sterile chopped Cyathea spp. (anonotong) roots and garden soil for sporophyte formation. Sporophytes (plantlets) of the two Platycerium species were attached on the slabs of anonotong and on branches and trunks of Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) under greenhouse and field conditions. Sporophyte morphology of P. coronarium and P. grande varies but not their gametophyte morphology. P. coronarium and P. grande exhibited rapid spore germination and gametophyte development in both spore culture medium and Knudson C culture medium containing 2% glucose. Gametophytes of P. coronarium and P. grande transferred to potting medium produced more number of sporophytes while the gametophytes inside the culture media did not produce sporophytes. Sporophytes of P. grande attached on mahogany branches produced more number of leaves with bigger leaf area than those attached on anonotong slabs. Likewise, sporophytes of P. coronarium attached on mahogany branches and anonotong slabs did not develop new leaves during two weeks monitoring and are still in a period of adjustment to its environment. Sporophytes of P. grande grown or attached on the trunk of mahogany trees in the field and under shaded environment favored their growth.
How To Minimise (2010)

Scale-up of chemical processes, particularly those involving batch or semi-batch manufacture is well-known to be a problematic area of chemistry and chemical engineering, and can be costly when it goes wrong. By correctly choosing and designing the synthetic route to a fine chemical or drug substance, as well as controlling the reaction and work up/product isolation parameters, many of the difficulties in scale up can be avoided. The more complex a process is in terms of chemistry and unit operations, the more there is to go wrong. This article discusses what chemists and engineers can do in advance, both in the laboratory and kilo laboratory, to prevent or at least minimise scaleup issues.
Broadband source signature extraction using a vertical array (1993)

Source signatures have been extracted from acoustic data received on a large vertical array. Multichannel deconvolution methods were used in conjunction with broadband coherent and incoherent matched-field processors for source signature reconstruction. The signatures were generated by broadband (25–110 Hz) sources located near the first and second convergence zones, approximately 48 and 97 km from the array. Cross-correlation coefficients between known source signatures and deconvolved estimates indicate that faithful reconstructions of both magnitude and phase can be obtained. Use of incoherent noise components from the main diagonals of cross-spectral density matrices produced correlation coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.93. Degradation primarily appeared as increased noise in the reconstructed signature. Attempts to include the full spatial coherence of the ambient noise by using off-diagonal matrix components, resulted in correlation coefficients approximately 10% lower. This effect is caused by nonstationarities in the noise field which preclude using an ergodic hypothesis to obtain statistically reliable temporal averages for the cross-spectral density matrices.
Demonstration of ultraprecision ductile-mode cutting for lithium niobate microring waveguides (2016)

Abstract In this paper, the application of the ultraprecision ductile-mode cutting method to the fabrication of microring waveguides in lithium niobate crystal was investigated. Although it was difficult to apply a mechanical cutting method to the fabrication of microring waveguides with smooth sidewalls, it was confirmed that no harmful cutting traces on the machined surface occur with the appropriate movement of the cutting tool. The root-mean-square surface roughness of the resulting sidewall was 6.1 nm, which is sufficiently small to suppress the scattering loss of the circulating light. In addition, the conditions for the ductile-mode cutting of lithium niobate crystal were investigated.
Rehabilitation of chronic stroke patients: changes in functional performance. (1990)

Forty stroke patients who were at least one year post-onset completed a one-month intensive rehabilitation program. The month before the program served as a control period. During the program, patients received individual sessions in occupational and physical therapy four days a week, and they participated in group activities on the fifth day. Therapy emphasized instruction in motor planning, balance and weight shift, and the use of adaptive equipment; these motor abilities were then practiced within real life situations. The patients demonstrated significant improvement in the outcome measures of weight shift, balance, and ADL scores after the one-month rehabilitation program (weight shift: F = 16.1, p = .0001; balance: F = 6.26, p = .0007; ADL: F = 13.8, p = .0001). They retained these new skills during a three-month follow-up period.
Relative quantification of tau-related peptides using guanidino-labeling derivatization (GLaD) with online-LC on a hybrid ion trap (IT) time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer (2006)

Development of a quantification method based on isotopic variants of O-methyl isourea (OMIU) in conjunction with reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray mass spectrometry is described for determining the relative quantification of tau-related peptides Ac-VQIVXK-NH2. Extracted ion chromatograms of the mass spectrometric data derived from online microcapillary LC separation identifies the retention times of the isotopically derivatized peptides together with their ion abundances. Data-dependent MSMS analysis of both derivatized variants of the same peptide provides a complementary method for identification and resolution between isobaric species. In addition, with respect to offline LC MALDI a larger number of analogues are detected and formation of amyloid is also observed for the aspartic acid and histidine-containing peptides.
Demonstration of soluble Plasmodium falciparum antigens reactive with Limulus amoebocyte lysate and polymyxin B (1988)

To investigate whether soluble Plasmodium falciparum antigens possess endotoxin-like properties, the interaction of Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) with defined soluble antigens from Plasmodium falciparum was studied by various crossed immunoelectrophoretic methods and immunoblotting. The soluble P. falciparum antigens were purified by affinity chromatography using human IgG from malaria-immune adults as ligand. Of eight possible antigens, at least three were affected by LAL, as indicated by disappearance of these antigens in the precipitation pattern, after the reaction with LAL. One of the LAL-reactive antigens is a heat-stable glycoprotein with the presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in its structure. This antigen shows a strong reaction with polymyxin B, and antibodies against it have been shown to be inhibitory to the growth of P. falciparum in culture. It is concluded that LAL reacts with several soluble antigens from P. falciparum and it is suggested that these antigens participate in the induction of protective immunity to malaria, and consequently that one or more of the soluble antigens are candidates for a malaria vaccine.
Beyond TFET: Alternative mechanisms for CMOS-compatible sharp-switching devices (2014)

Tunneling-based transistors (TFETs) have attracted interest due to their (theoretical) capability of switching more sharply than MOSFETs. However, other mechanisms that take place in SOI devices can provide even more abrupt switching and higher current. We examine the family of emerging TFET-competing devices based on barrier modulation, bipolar amplification and impact ionization. Practical results for devices fabricated in 14-28 nm FDSOI technology will be discussed.
Improved receivers for generalized UWB transmitted reference systems (2008)

Three new receivers for generalized transmitted-reference ultra-wide bandwidth systems are proposed. The receivers are derived by optimally combining the channel estimates using the reference symbols, the data decisions and the data symbols. The structures are very simple. Simulation results show that they outperform previous receivers.
La Reelina en la Mucosa Intestinal. (2010)

&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;,&amp;#39;serif&amp;#39;; font-size: 12pt"&gt;El sistema de se&amp;ntilde;alizaci&amp;oacute;n de la reelina est&amp;aacute; muy bien caracterizado en el cerebro, donde su funci&amp;oacute;n consiste en regular la migraci&amp;oacute;n de las neuronas. Puesto que el epitelio intestinal debe renovarse, y para ello las c&amp;eacute;lulas que rodean las vellosidades intestinales han de migrar a lo largo del eje cripta-vellosidad. As&amp;iacute; pues, nos preguntamos si este sistema de se&amp;ntilde;alizaci&amp;oacute;n estaba presente en la mucosa intestinal y si estar&amp;iacute;a implicado en su homeostasis. Se plantearon los siguientes objetivos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;,&amp;#39;serif&amp;#39;; font-size: 12pt"&gt;1- Identificaci&amp;oacute;n y localizaci&amp;oacute;n de la reelina, VldlR, ApoER2 y Dab1 en la mucosa intestinal de rata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;,&amp;#39;serif&amp;#39;; font-size: 12pt"&gt;2- Estudio funcional del sistema de se&amp;ntilde;alizaci&amp;oacute;n de la reelina en la mucosa intestinal analizando el efecto de la mutaci&amp;oacute;n del gen de la reelina en la mucosa intestinal de ratones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;,&amp;#39;serif&amp;#39;; font-size: 12pt"&gt;3- Regulaci&amp;oacute;n ontog&amp;eacute;nica de la reelina y Dab1 en la mucosa intestinal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;,&amp;#39;serif&amp;#39;; font-size: 12pt"&gt;4- An&amp;aacute;lisis de la expresi&amp;oacute;n g&amp;eacute;nica afectada por la mutaci&amp;oacute;n de la reelina en el intestino de ratones.&lt;/span&gt;
Neptune high erucic acid, low glucosinolate summer rape (1996)

Neptune summer rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high-erucic acid rapeseed cultivar with canola-quality meal. Neptune has an average 10% yield advantage over Hero rapeseed and is 4 g kg −1 higher in seed oil than Hero. Neptune is adapted to the southern B. napus growing regions of western Canada. Key words: Rape (summer), high erucic acid-low glucosinolate, cultivar description
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca-Nd Alloys Fabricated by Gravity Casting (2009)

The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of Nd addition in the Mg-Al-Ca alloys on microstructure and mechanical properties. Microstructure of as-cast Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy containing Nd consists of α-Mg matrix, eutectic phase and Al-Nd rich intermetallic compound. As Nd addition was increased, α-Mg matrix morphology was changed from dendritic to equiaxed grains and average value of grain size was decreased. Nd addition to Mg-5Al-3Ca based alloys resulted in the formation of Al-Nd rich intermetallic compounds at grain boundary and α-Mg matrix grains. And these Al-Nd rich intermetallic compounds were dispersed homogeneously. In these alloys, two kinds of eutectic phases were observed, i.e. coarse irregular-shape structure at grain boundary and fine needle-shape structure in the α-Mg matrix grain. It is found that the ultimate strength showed the maximum value of 271 MPa at Mg-5Al-3Ca-2Nd alloy and elongation was decreased as the addition of Nd was increased.