gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Teratogenicity of Antiepileptic Drugs: Analysis of Possible Risk Factors (1988)

To determine the primary factors responsible for the increased incidence of malformation in the off-spring of antiepileptic drug (AED)-treated epileptic mothers, special attention was paid to drug combinations in a prospective study of 172 deliveries. Variables used for analysis were eight antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and total daily dosages (drug score), and seven background factors consisting of maternal age at delivery, gravida, outcome of previous pregnancy, etiology and type of epilepsy, occurrence of seizures in the first trimester of pregnancy, and seizure frequency during pregnancy. The overall rate of malformation was 14.0%. Thirty-one patients were administered a single drug, and the rate of malformation was 6.5%. The remaining 141 patients were treated with multiple AEDs, and the rate of malformation was 15.6%. The drug score of the latter group was significantly higher than the former (p = 0.01). There was no definite dose-dependent increase in the incidence of malformations associated with any individual AEDs. There was no relationship between the type of defect and individual AEDs. Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed significant association between the drug score, valproate (VPA), and congenital malformation. Carbamazepine (CBZ) also reached an almost significant level. Furthermore, VPA polypharmacy produced the highest incidence of malformation, higher than that produced by any other AED or drug combination. There was no significant association between the presence of malformations and the other putative risk factors. These results suggest that high dose of AEDs reflecting polypharmacy, VPA polypharmacy in particular, are primary factors responsible for the increased incidence of congenital malformation in the offspring of treated epileptic mothers.
Residual Stress Calculations in Coating Configurations Using Finite Element Analysis (2008)

The use of oxidation-resistant, high toughness, adherent coating configurations would significantly reduce surface damage and strength loss in advanced gas turbine engine components which are in sliding contact. However, due to the mismatch in the thermal and elastic properties of coatings and substrates, residual thermal stresses induced during the coating deposition process would lower the thermal shock resistance of the component. Linear thermoelastic stress analysis by the finite element method was used with the aim to aid selection of suitable coating configurations which would yield low residual stresses in the coatings. Because typical coating thicknesses are orders of magnitude smaller than the dimensions of the substrates, it is very taxing on conventional finite element procedures to obtain accurate numerical solutions. Such a difficulty was overcome by using a hybrid finite element in the procedure in the thermoelastic stress analysis. The development of this procedure which is based on a mixed formulation and an assumed stress field is outlined, and residual stress distribution on candidate coating configurations is presented.
Influence of test specimen geometry on compressive strength of ultra high performance concrete (2008)

Existing recommendation for ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) suggest cylinders with an aspect ratio of 2 (diameter/height) for determining compressive strength. The diameter of cylinder should not be less than 70 mm. Recommended dimension of cylinder are  7×14 cm,  10×20 cm and  15×30 cm. None of existing recommendations for UHPC had defined conversion factors for testing compressive strength on cylinders with different geometry. This is very important for practice because UHPC is tested on different samples and there is no correlation between results. In this paper experimental research is described in which compressive strength of different UHPC mixtures was tested on cylinders with different geometry. Furthermore, an analysis is done and conversion factors for testing compressive strength of UHPC on samples with different geometry are proposed.
The everyday used nomenclature of the aortic root components: the tower of Babel? (2011)

Modern analyses of data for scientific reporting and healthcare management purposes require standardized and consistent definitions, something which also holds true for aortic root surgery, as part of the cardiovascular surgery spectrum. The aim of the present study was to investigate the currently employed nomenclature of the aortic root components. A questionnaire was constructed on the terminology of aortic root components, providing a list of common definitions including anatomical descriptions, as well as fields for custom responses. Responses were received from 534 cardiothoracic surgeons registered at www.ctsnet.org. Remarkable variations in definitions were detected. The most unanimously accepted terms were: 'aortic leaflets', the freely moving parts (52.6% of responses); 'commissures', the distal part of the leaflet attachments plus the peripheral area of the free edges of the leaflets (52.2%); 'semi-lunar leaflet attachment', the anatomic site of leaflet attachment (58%); 'annulus', the circular line defined by the nadirs of the leaflets (38%); 'interleaflet triangle', the tissue between two leaflets and annulus (23%); 'aortic valve', the three leaflets only (55%); 'aortic root' as composed of sinuses, tissue between the leaflets, sinutubular junction, leaflets and their wall attachment (63%). The remarkable variability on the everyday-used definitions of the aortic root components can potentially lead to misinterpretation of data. More stringent adoption of consistent, standardized definitions of aortic root components is necessary in the modern era of data collection and management.
The Tilted-Ellipse Representation of Standing-Wave Patterns (2004)

A recently introduced, new computer-simulation method provides a fast and inexpensive way for obtaining the multi-dimensional scattering matrices of even very large-scale, multiport microwave systems. The new method simulates measurements of multidimensional, complex scattering matrices, that could only be performed using a very large and expensive multiport Vector Network Analyzer (VANA). Calibrated measurements of complex scattering matrices of any arbitrary size may be simulated by using any available frequency-domain 2D or 3D Maxwell-field solver, provided the solver used can compute the complex values of EM fields, within a given bounded domain. Scattering-matrix measurements, that would require an impracticablly-large and expensive multiport Vector Network Analyzer (VANA) , can be simulated by first computing the electromagnetic field-distributions, within both the multiport microwave system under simulated test (the virtual DUT or V-DUT), and within the inner regions of a set of simulated virtual measurement-lines (V-ML), with each line being connected to a different V-DUT port. The simulation of multidimensional, complex scattering-matrix measurements is based on the results of a rigorous mathematical analysis of the simultaneous propagation of forward and backward waves along the virtual measurement lines. This rigorous analysis has shown that the mutual correlation between the imaginary components, and the real components of the standing-wave fields along the length of each measurement-line, can be quantitatively represented by the parametric equations of a tilted-ellipse, centered on the origin of a 2D planar, Cartesian reference e-frame.
Crystallization of rat procathepsin B (1996)

Rat procathepsin B has been expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. To facilitate crystallization of the proform two mutations were introduced: Cys29Ser to avoid self-processing and Ser115Ala to eliminate an N-glycosylation site. The recombinant protein was purified and crystallized by vapor diffusion against mother liquor containing 100 mM KSCN, 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 as a precipitating agent. Crystal size was increased by multiple macroseeding. At a 16% PEG concentration trigonal crystals were obtained, with the space group P3121 and a = 99.6, c = 141.4 Å, γ = 120°. They diffract to 2.8 Å resolution using a rotating-anode source. At a concentration of 11% PEG, rod-shaped crystals were grown. They are monoclinic, space group P21, a = 62.8, b = 67.9, c = 100.4 Å, β = 98.2° and diffract to approximately 3.5 Å.
Changing availability of TV white space in the UK (2016)

The UK regulator Ofcom has held a Pilot of TV white space (TVWS) technology in the UK. On the basis of the results of this Pilot, Ofcom has varied its calculations of allowed white space device equivalent isotropically radiated powers (EIRP). Further, the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) 2015 has assigned 694‐790 MHz to mobile broadband on a co‐primary basis, in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Region 1 (which includes the UK/EU). Fundamental observations on the effects of these changes on TVWS availability in the UK are provided.
Screening for medullary thyroid carcinoma: experience with different immunoassays for human calcitonin. (2002)

Calcitonin measurements in patients with nodular thyroid disease are helpful for early diagnosis and therapy of medullary thyroid carcinoma. We compared three commercial calcitonin assays routinely used: "CIS" (France), "Medgenix" (Belgium) and "Nichols-Advantage" (USA). In addition, we evaluated a two-step modification of the Medgenix-test and an enzyme immunoassay from Sangui (Japan). Method comparison studies revealed deviations from linear relationships between all routine assays. While histograms of CIS and Nichols results were similar at low concentrations with their highest frequency below 1 pg/ml, Medgenix showed a broad peak around 3 pg/ml. Correlation coefficients were 0.69 (CIS versus Medgenix) and 0.91 (CIS versus Nichols). In thyroidectomized patients, calcitonin was not detectable with CIS and Nichols, but the Medgenix test, which was more susceptible to interference, measured about 6 pg/ml. The immunoassay of Sangui showed insufficient analytical sensitivity. About 70-80% of calcitonin levels initially > 10 pg/ml were reproduced in the basal levels of the subsequent pentagastrin test. Average ratios (stimulated/basal level) were slightly higher for CIS and Nichols than for Medgenix. Prediction of a pathological stimulation from basal calcitonin was insufficient with CIS and Medgenix assays. If a calcitonin concentration of > 100 pg/ml (CIS) is considered as an indication for surgery, equivalent values are 71 pg/ml for Medgenix, and 96 pg/ml for Nichols. Using these criteria, about one third of patients who underwent pentagastrin stimulation showed pathological reactions. Reliable and sensitive calcitonin assays used for the screening of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas in patients pre-selected by nodular goiter are important for health and economic reasons, because they enable early therapy.
Liposome-mediated RNA transfection should be used with caution (2006)

Liposome-mediated RNA transfection appears to present a number of advantages for studying the metabolism of reporter mRNAs in mammalian cells. This method is also widely used to transfect siRNAs. Here we describe results indicating that reporter mRNAs introduced into HeLa cells by liposomes do not present the expected behaviors. Namely, the stability of reporter mRNAs was independent of the presence or absence of an AUUUA instability element, a poly(A) tail, or even a 5' methylated cap. Confocal microscopy showed that fluorescent RNAs introduced by liposome-mediated transfection were present in discrete particles. These observations imply that a number of control experiments are required when using liposome to mediated RNA transfection, and the possible consequences are discussed.
[{Zn2(HPO4)4}{Co(dien)2}]⋅H3O: A Zinc Phosphate with Multidirectional Intersecting Helical Channels (2003)

A twist in the tale: A racemic mixture of the chiral [Co(dien)2]Cl3 complex has been used as a template in preparing an open-framework zinc phosphate with multidirectional helical channels, consisting of alternate ZnO4 and PO4 tetrahedra. The framework contains 12-membered ring channels along the [100] direction, within which [Co(dien)2]3+ ions are located. Each channel is enclosed by chiral interpenetrating double helices (see picture; dien=diethylenetriamine).
Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the DNA binding activity of a nuclear factor 1-like repressor protein. (1994)

We have previously identified an ubiquitous repressor binding site that binds a nuclear factor 1 (NF-1)-like transcription factor designated BEF-1. The DNA binding activity of BEF-1, a 98-kDa protein, is increased by the oncoproteins of adenovirus, the early region 1a proteins (E1a), which results in the induction of further repression. Using the prototype repressor sequence, first identified in the enhancer of the human polyoma virus BKV-P2 we have shown that phosphorylation of BEF-1 is required for its DNA binding activity. We demonstrate here that the inhibition of DNA binding by BEF-1 dephosphorylated with potato acid phosphatase or calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase was reversed by sodium orthovanadate, a specific inhibitor of phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases. In addition, BEF-1 binding activity, but not the binding of related factor NF-1, could be inhibited by dephosphorylation with a specific phosphotyrosine phosphatase. We found that both polyclonal and monoclonal phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies blocked binding of the repressor protein to the BEF-1 site. Moreover, BEF-1 activity could be adsorbed on an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody column and specially eluted with phosphotyrosine. In transfection studies in HeLa cells, which contain high levels of BEF-1, we show that E1a-induced repression mediated by BEF-1 was relieved with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin. Together, these results demonstrate that a phosphotyrosine on the BEF-1 repressor protein regulates DNA binding activity and thus regulates repression of the BKV-P2 enhancer. This report represents the first demonstration that the phosphorylated state of a tyrosine can control gene expression by altering the DNA binding activity of a transcription factor.
Choosing the Right Connection Type: DirectQuery, Live, Import, or Composite Model (2023)

Power BI supports different methods for connecting data. That is why the decision to choose the right method is always a tough one. You have learned about of DirectQuery, Live Connection, Import Data, and composite model. Which situations would you choose one over the other? What are the pros and cons of each? What are the best practices for choosing each? Which one is faster? Which one is more flexible? I always get a lot of questions like these in my courses, conference talks, and blog posts. In this chapter, you get answers to all of these questions and more. This chapter will help you choose the right data connection methodology and architecture for your Power BI solution.
Informal Logic (2001)

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Development of catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation (2013)

The application of tetradentate aminoalcohol ligands to the KOtBu-catalysed&#13;\nhydrogenation of benzophenone has been studied. Hydrogenation was found to&#13;\nproceed via a transfer hydrogenation process with the ligands acting as hydrogen&#13;\ndonors.&#13;\nA series of bidentate and tetradentate ligands containing a variety of coordinating&#13;\ngroups including amino, hydroxy, silyl, phosphine and amido functionalities have&#13;\nbeen prepared and applied to the transition metal-catalysed asymmetric transfer&#13;\nhydrogenation of ketones using iron, ruthenium and rhodium metals although none&#13;\nwere found to be enantioselective for the hydrogenation of acetophenone.&#13;\nA series of asymmetric tethered ruthenium half sandwich complexes have been&#13;\napplied to the asymmetric pressure hydrogenation of ketones. Studies have&#13;\ninvestigated the effect of changing the sulfonamide group, halide and tether length&#13;\non the activity of the catalysts. The application of an achiral tethered ruthenium half&#13;\nsandwich complex as a catalyst for the pressure hydrogenation of aldehydes is also&#13;\nreported.&#13;\nA novel synthesis of tethered ruthenium complexes using aryl substitution&#13;\nmethodology has been developed and applied to the preparation of a series of novel&#13;\ncomplexes which were found to be highly active for asymmetric pressure&#13;\nhydrogenation of ketones. The application of the synthesis to the preparation of&#13;\npoly(methyl methacrylate) supported complexes is also discussed. Application of the&#13;\nsupported catalysts to asymmetric pressure and transfer hydrogenation of&#13;\nacetophenone has shown potential for the development of an active heterogeneous&#13;\ncatalyst for transfer hydrogenation of ketones in aqueous media.
N-Arylpiperazinyl-N‘-propylamino Derivatives of Heteroaryl Amides as Functional Uroselective α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (1997)

Novel arylpiperazines were identified as alpha 1-adrenoceptor (AR) subtype-selective antagonists by functional in vitro screening. 3-[4-(ortho-Substituted phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propylamines were derivatized with N,N-dimethyl anthranilamides, nicotinamides, as well as carboxamides of quinoline, 1,8-naphthyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, isoxazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Strips of rabbit bladder neck were employed as a predictive assay for antagonism in the human lower tract. Rings of rat aorta were used as a "negative screen" for the test antagonists. Binding to alpha 1-ARs was relatively sensitive to size and electronic features of the arylpiperazine portion of the antagonists and permissive to these features on the heteroaryl carboxamide side. These structure-affinity findings were exploited to produce nicotinamides (e.g. 13ii and 25x) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (e.g. 37f and 37y) ligands with nanomolar affinity at the alpha 1-AR subtype prevalent in the human lower urinary tract(pA2 values: 8.8, 10.7, 9.3, and 9.9, respectively) and displaying 2-3 orders of magnitude selectivity over the alpha 1D-AR.
Reasons for Adherence and Nonadherence (2013)

The doctor-patient relationship stands out as being the major reason for ongoing adherence for first-episode schizophrenia patients. Our post hoc interpretation is that lack of prior experience with medication and treatment elevates the importance of the relationship with the treating clinician for first-episode patients.
Near universal childhood vaccination rates in Rwanda: how was this achieved and can it be duplicated? (2018)

BackgroundAccording to data from the WHO Vaccine-Preventable Disease Monitoring System, Rwanda has achieved near universal childhood vaccination rates, with an overall national coverage rate for childhood immunisation of 98% in 2015. These rates are striking given the country's status as a post-conflict, post-genocide, and low-income country. In this study, we aimed to determine factors that contributed to the success of Rwanda's childhood immunisation programme.MethodsWe used primary and secondary sources to identify such factors. Primary research was conducted in August, 2017, in Eastern Province, Northern Province, and the city of Kigali, Rwanda. We used snow-ball sampling to recruit interviewees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with government, multilateral organisations, and non-governmental staff members involved in the planning and delivery of Rwanda's immunisation programme. Secondary sources included review of primary databases, grey literature, and peer-reviewed literature that was identified through searches in Google Scholar and PubMed for articles written in English and published since Jan 1, 2000, using combinations of the search terms “Rwanda”, “vaccination”, “immunisation”, and “programme”.Findings24 interviews were conducted and secondary data were analysed. Several factors have contributed to Rwanda's vaccination success. First, at the local level, an engaged cadre of community health workers sensitises communities on the importance of vaccinations and performs health surveillance duties. Second, an integrated health management information system guides vaccination procurement and distribution to support vaccine delivery at the local level. Third, at the governmental level, the vaccination programme is driven by strong political will to prioritise health. Fourth, implementation is sufficiently decentralised to the district and village level to tailor appropriate approaches for the local population. Fifth, the uniquely Rwandan practice of imihigo, which involves leaders at all levels of government (centrally and locally) signing performance contracts to achieve certain targets, enhances accountability and ownership. Finally, the Rwandan health system benefits from strong relationships with development partners and cross-over effects from global health initiatives, particularly in developing capacity for supply chain and cold chain management.InterpretationAlthough cultural factors such as imihigo differentiate Rwanda from demographically comparable countries, the success of the Rwandan vaccine programme is multifactorial. These factors include strong, high-level political will, multilevel accountability, effective use of funding, partnership with development partners, integrated health information, and community-level data collection. Countries aiming to improve coverage may wish to study and emulate these factors.FundingMastercard Center for Inclusive Growth.
Effects of Varying Anode-cathode Distance in an Aluminium Electrolysis Cell with a Sloping Tib2, Composite Cathode (1988)

The effects of anode-cathode distance (ACD) on the cell potential and electrical bath resistivity were studied in a laboratory scale-cell that utilized a sloping TiB{2} carbon composite cathode. The bath resistivity of the electrolyte increased with decreasing ACD due to an increasing gaseous phase fraction in the electrolyte. The effective bath resistivity was found to increase rapidly after ACD approached 10mm and was proportional to the inverse of ACD within the ACD range of 2 to 10mm. The effective bath resistivity was found to be dependent on the bath composition and its temperature. Addition of NaCl to the bath, lowered the effective bath resistivity by increasing the electrical conductivity of the bath and at low ACD it also lowered the bubble contribution to resistivity by altering the hydrodynamic properties of the system. Addition of AlF3 to lower the cryolite ratio (i.e. the molar ratio of NaF to AlF3) gave the opposite result (i.e. a higher bath resistivity) to the NaCl addition. These results indicate that reduction of the anode-cathode distance and optimization of process conditions to reduce the effect of bubbles, will allow enormous savings in the energy requirements of the Hall - Heroult process.
Body mass and exercise variable relationships to lactate derived from gravity-independent devices. (2007)

Results were most likely due to differences in central command requirements for each exercise device.
Clinical Implications of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2014)

There is a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed SDB among patients with AMI. SDB in the setting of AMI is associated with higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure. SDB was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes.