gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies to enhance nanoparticle-endothelial interactions under flow (2016)

Recent years have brought about substantial advances in nanomedical approaches to human diseases. Novel therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticulate agents can be delivered via several routes, including enteral, transdermal, inhalational, as well as parenteral application. For nanoparticles administered via intravascular route, endothelial cells represent the firstcontact cells and their responses to the candidate nanosystems should be considered before clinical applications. Additionally, a number of drug-delivery nanosystems that target endothelium are currently proposed. It is increasingly evident that the future progress in the treatment of many human maladies, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer, will be closely bound with the development of endothelium-targeting nanosystems. As endothelial cells in circulation are constantly exposed to shear stress, investigating nanoparticle-endothelial interactions under flow conditions is necessary to estimate the cell responses in physiological-like settings. This mini-review focuses on the recently reported studies assessing the uptake of circulating nanoparticles and their biological effects on endothelial cells, and summarizes the targeting approaches to enhance endothelial internalization of nanoparticles under flow conditions.
Analysis of Manned Spacecraft Attitude Variation to Relay Terminal Antenna Pointing Error (2015)

With the application field expanding of the data relay satellite in modern space technology, manned spacecraft will install the relay terminal and realize the high speed data transmission from spacecraft to control center by use of data relay satellites system. However, there are many factors such as the spacecraft regular orbit maneuver, astronauts intravehicular activity, extravehicular walk and so on, which will cause the spaceship attitude variation. As we all known, in order to obtain a higher speed data transmission rate, the relay terminal gradually adopts Ka band. The Ka band beam angel is smaller than C, S band. If the spacecraft attitude change amplitude exceeds a certain range, the attitude variation will affect the spacecraft relay terminal antenna accurate pointing to data relay satellites, which leads to inter satellite relay link lose lock or BER (bit error rate) increasing and affects the data transmission quality. Based on the detailed analysis of the coupling between the spacecraft attitude and the relay terminal antenna pointing relations, in this paper, by using of mathematical error analysis method, the accurate pointing error model is established for spacecraft attitude errors on the relay terminal of antenna, and the correctness of the model is verified by simulation. The error model has a strong practical value to accurately and reliably establish the data transmitting link between spacecraft relay terminal and relay satellite.
Healthwear: medical technology becomes wearable (2004)

Widespread adoption of sensors that monitor the wearer's vital signs and other indicators promises to improve care for the aged and chronically ill while amassing a database that can enhance treatment and reduce medical costs.
Low cost estimation of Wöhler and Goodman–Haigh curves of Ti‐6Al‐4V samples by considering the stress ratio effect (2021)

Abstract The stress ratio effect on the fatigue life of materials is a topic which have been studied by two different approaches. On the one hand, several experiments, performed under different stress ratios are necessary to estimate the corresponding Wöhler curves. Afterwards, these curves are considered to estimate the fatigue life under a particular stress range. On the other hand, fatigue failure criteria for fluctuating stress like the Goodman–Haigh relationship, are applied to estimate the stress amplitude for a constant fatigue life. Based on the Stüssi function, this paper presents a low cost model to estimate Wöhler curves and constant fatigue Goodman–Haigh diagrams. This procedure requires a set of tests performed under a particular stress ratio from LCF to HCF, and data from minimum two additional stress ranges for each subsequent stress ratio. An application on data from Ti‐6Al‐4V samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) is presented.
q = 1 advanced tokamak experiments in JET and comparison with ASDEX Upgrade* (2002)

The ASDEX Upgrade advanced tokamak scenario with central q close to 1 has been reproduced on JET. For almost identical q profiles, the comparative analysis does show similar features like the fishbone activity and the current profile evolution. In JET, transport analyses indicates that an internal transport barrier (ITB) has been produced. Gradient length criterions based on the ion temperature gradient turbulence stabilization are used to characterize the ITBs in both devices. The trigger of ITBs is associated with rational surfaces in both devices although the underlying physics for this triggering seems different. This experiment has the prospect to get closer to identity experiments between the two tokamaks.
Overexpression of higher eukaryotic membrane proteins in bacteria. Novel insights obtained with the liver mitochondrial proton/phosphate symporter. (1992)

In order to better understand why higher eukaryotic membrane proteins, in contrast to soluble proteins, are not readily expressed in Escherichia coli, the gene encoding the liver mitochondrial phosphate transporter (H+/Pi symporter) (Ferreira, G. C., Pratt, R. D., and Pedersen, P. L. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 15628-15633), was subcloned into a plasmid (pFOG402) containing the alkaline phosphatase promoter and leader sequence. Although this system is highly efficient in overexpressing soluble mitochondrial proteins in E. coli, e.g. alpha and beta subunits of the liver ATP synthase, it fails to express the H+/Pi transporter. Expression is not obtained by truncation of the transporter gene from either the 3' or 5' end, by fusing the mature transporter gene to genes encoding either the alpha or beta ATP synthase subunits, or by using different expression plasmids. Significantly, the H+/Pi transporter is overexpressed in E. coli provided its cDNA is first truncated at the 3' end (carboxyl-terminal end) and fused to a cDNA fragment derived from the ATP synthase alpha subunit gene. In fact, progressive deletions from the 3' end of the transporter cDNA produce a ladder of increasingly overexpressed fusion proteins which account from the largest to the smallest for approximately 2.5-14% of the total bacterial cell protein. The minimal truncation necessary from the 3' end is 192 base pairs corresponding to 64 COOH-terminal amino acids. This corresponds to 20% of the transporter and involves removal of one of the six predicted membrane-spanning segments. In a variety of additional experiments designed to define the molecular basis for E. coli's inability to express the complete liver H+/Pi transporter, problems related to cell toxicity and transcription were ruled out. However, in vitro transcription-translation assays revealed that the complete transporter is readily expressed when eukaryotic, but not prokaryotic, ribosomes are present. Significantly, the fused transporter gene (i.e. Pi transporter cDNA truncated at the 3' end + ATP synthase alpha subunit cDNA) is expressed when prokaryotic ribosomes are present. These results support the view that the difficulty in expressing higher eukaryotic membrane proteins in bacteria may be related in some cases to a problem at the level of translation.
Electrochemical detection of the Fc-STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3–Fc-STAT3 dimerization and inhibition (2013)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is involved in regulatory functions in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, and is linked to cancer phenotype and tumorigenesis. Towards developing new methodologies for screening STAT3 interactions, the electrochemical method based on the use of redox active protein was proposed. The electrochemical signal, due to the redox (ferrocene)-labeled STAT3 protein immobilized on a gold surface, was modulated due to protein dimerization with the unlabeled STAT3 molecule. The dramatic decrease in current density from 2.7 μA cm(-2) to 0.5 μA cm(-2) was observed following the STAT3-ferrocene-STAT3 dimerization. The electrochemical approach was further extended for screening the potential dimerization inhibitors. Previously published potent salicylic acid derivatives were the most promising candidates for inhibition of STAT3 dimerization in this assay. We expect that other SH2-containing proteins may be monitored by the proposed electrochemical method.
Fertilization and early embryology: A cytosolic sperm factor triggers calcium oscillations and membrane hyperpolarizations in human oocytes (1994)

Intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and membrane potentials were measured in mature human oocytes. Injection of cytosolic extracts made from human or hamster spermatozoa triggered oscillations in [Ca2+]i in human oocytes similar to those described previously in mouse and hamster oocytes. In contrast, injection of carrier buffer caused no [Ca2+]i increase and injection of Ca(2+)-containing solutions caused only a single [Ca2+]i transient. Injection of human sperm extracts also triggered [Ca2+]i oscillations in mature mouse oocytes. The [Ca2+]i oscillations in human oocytes were accompanied by hyperpolarizations in membrane potential. Perfusing oocytes with the sulphydryl reagent thimerosal also caused oscillations in the free [Ca2+]i concentration simultaneously with membrane potential hyperpolarizations. These data suggest that human oocytes possess a similar mechanism for generating [Ca2+]i oscillations to those described in other mammalian oocytes and a membrane potential response similar to that seen previously specifically in hamster oocytes. The data also support the view that human oocytes are activated at fertilization by diffusion of a protein from the spermatozoa into the ooplasm after gamete membrane fusion.
Importance of GPCR Dimerization for Function: The Case of the Class C GPCRs (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Class C GPCRs are Multidomain Proteins The VFT The CRD The HD C-Tail Class C GPCRs are Constitutive Dimers Agonists Activate Class C GPCRs by Stabilizing the Closed State of the VFT Dimeric Functioning of the Dimer of VFTs Agonist Stoichiometry: Symmetry or Asymmetry? The Heptahelical Domain, the Target of Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators, Behaves in a Manner Similar to Rhodopsin-like Class A GPCRs Allosteric Coupling Between the Extracellular and Heptahelical Domains within the Dimer Molecular Determinants of the Coupling Between the VFT and the HD Cis- and Trans-activation Can Exist within Class C GPCRs Asymmetric Functioning of the HD Dimer Conclusion
4-N-ARYL(BENZYL)AMINO-4-HETARYL-1-BUTENES AS BUILDING BLOCKS IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS. 1. NEW ROUTE TO 4,6-DIMETHYL-2-PYRIDYLQUINOLINES FROM THE 4-N-p-METHYLPHENYLAMINO-4-PYRIDYL-1-BUTENES (2001)

Article 4-N-ARYL(BENZYL)AMINO-4-HETARYL-1-BUTENES AS BUILDING BLOCKS IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS. 1. NEW ROUTE TO 4,6-DIMETHYL-2-PYRIDYLQUINOLINES FROM THE 4-N-p-METHYLPHENYLAMINO-4-PYRIDYL-1-BUTENES was published on August 1, 2001 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 7, issue 4).
Non‐Heme‐Iron‐Mediated Selective Halogenation of Unactivated Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds (2021)

Oxidation of the iron(II) precursor [(L<sup>1</sup> )Fe<sup>II</sup> Cl<sub>2</sub> ], where L<sup>1</sup> is a tetradentate bispidine, with soluble iodosylbenzene (<sup>s</sup> PhIO) leads to the extremely reactive ferryl oxidant [(L<sup>1</sup> )(Cl)Fe<sup>IV</sup> =O]<sup>+</sup> with a cis disposition of the chlorido and oxido coligands, as observed in non-heme halogenase enzymes. Experimental data indicate that, with cyclohexane as substrate, there is selective formation of chlorocyclohexane, the halogenation being initiated by C-H abstraction and the result of a rebound of the ensuing radical to an iron-bound Cl<sup>-</sup> . The time-resolved formation of the halogenation product indicates that this primarily results from <sup>s</sup> PhIO oxidation of an initially formed oxido-bridged diiron(III) resting state. The high yield of up to >70 % (stoichiometric reaction) as well as the differing reactivities of free Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in comparison with [(L<sup>1</sup> )Fe<sup>II</sup> Cl<sub>2</sub> ] indicate a high complex stability of the bispidine-iron complexes. DFT analysis shows that, due to a large driving force and small triplet-quintet gap, [(L<sup>1</sup> )(Cl)Fe<sup>IV</sup> =O]<sup>+</sup> is the most reactive small-molecule halogenase model, that the Fe<sup>III</sup> /radical rebound intermediate has a relatively long lifetime (as supported by experimentally observed cage escape), and that this intermediate has, as observed experimentally, a lower energy barrier to the halogenation than the hydroxylation product; this is shown to primarily be due to steric effects.
Indexes of Severity for Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee:Validation–Value in Comparison with Other Assessment Tests (1987)

The index for hip disease (ISH) was established, validated and appraised as a new assessment test for the trial of new drugs as well as for long-term follow-up of patients, and to help with future indications for surgery. The ISH deals with pain, maximum walking distance, and some activities of daily living. Inter-observer reproducibility is good (mean deviation 0.55 points; p less than 0.05). In a short-term, double-blind crossover trial, the ISH, judged according to its power to distinguish between the active drug period and the placebo period, appears as one of the best assessment tests. In the long term, total hip prosthesis is most often justified when the ISH score reaches 10-12 points. The index of severity for knee disease (ISK) was validated and appraised by the same statistical methods. Its value in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or analgesic trials is lower than the value of the ISH. However, its use is still justified for that purpose, and for long-term follow-up of osteoarthritis of the knee.
Enhancement of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neutrophil Oxygen Radical Production by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (1998)

Although tissues become exposed to both exogenous and endogenous cell-activating mediators during infection, there is little appreciation of the effects of subjecting cells to multiple mediators. We examined the hypothesis that the response of neutrophils to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is significantly altered in the presence of the endogenous mediator tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). The data showed that human neutrophils pretreated with TNF for 10 to 30 min, displayed significantly enhanced superoxide production in response to LPS (from either Escherichia coli K-235 or E. coli O127:B8), measured as lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), seen as an increase in the initial peak rate as well as the total CL accumulated over the incubation period. TNF amplified the response to LPS at 1 to 100 U of TNF/10(6) neutrophils and was able to enhance the response to a wide range of concentrations of LPS (0.01 to 1,000 ng/ml). The TNF-induced increase in the LPS response was paralleled by an increase in LPS binding to the neutrophils, which could be abrogated by an anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody. The results demonstrate that TNF significantly increases the LPS-induced release of oxygen radicals in neutrophils through the upregulation of cell surface CD14.
HLA-B-Associated Transcript 3 (BAT3) is an activating ligand for NKp30 and released from dendritic cells (48.2) (2007)

Abstract Natural-killer (NK)-cells, originally defined as innate lymphocytes are regulators of adaptive immune responses via cytokine secretion and cross-talk with dendritic cells (DCs). Both killing and maturation of DCs by NK cells is dependent on NKp30, a Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor (NCR) expressed on NK cells. However, the NKp30-specific ligands expressed on dendritic cells have remained elusive. We recently identified BAT3 as the tumor associated ligand for NKp30. BAT3 is a nuclear protein characterized by the conserved BAG domain (Bcl-2 associated anthogene), that interacts with HSP70. Here we show that immature and mature DCs express BAT3 mRNA and protein. The protein is released from DCs into the extracellular environment upon exposure to stress signals such as serum starvation and heat shock. Moreover, the purified, recombinant BAT3 is functional as it binds to NKp30 and induces NK cell-mediated cytokine secretion. The inhibition of BAT3 using polyclonal antibodies prevents tumor rejection in vivo, demonstrating that BAT3 is necessary for the tumor rejection in a xenograft tumor model. Thus, BAT3 is a novel ligand for the NK cell-receptor NKp30 and its role in the reciprocal activation of NK-DC cross-talk will be discussed. We present evidence that BAT3 is, together with HSP70 and HMGB1, a member of the emerging group of immune regulators that we call “Nucleokines”. Support- Koeln Fortune Programme (89/2004).
High Power GaN-HEMT for Wireless Base Station Applications (2006)

Highly reliable GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are demonstrated for 3G-wireless base station applications. A state-of-the-art 250-W AlGaN/GaN-HEMTs push-pull transmitter amplifier operated at a drain bias voltage of 50 V is addressed with high efficiency under W-CDMA signals. The amplifier, combined with a digital pre-distortion (DPD) system, also achieved an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of less than -50 dBc for 4-carrier W-CDMA signals. Memory effect and temperature characteristics are also discussed. A stable operation including gate leakage current under RF stress testing for 1000 h is demonstrated at a drain bias voltage of 60 V. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on an n-type doped 3-inch SiC substrate is introduced towards low cost manufacturing for the first time.
Extraction of the Inner Coil of a Pacemaker Lead Slid into the Pulmonary Artery (2007)

A patient required lead extraction for chronic draining sinus, due to abandoned leads. Preoperatively, the chest film showed a filament in the right pulmonary artery: it was the inner coil of an old atrial lead that, while remaining anchored to the auricle, slid outside the outer coil. By right subclavian approach, the old ventricular lead and the outer coil of the atrial lead were removed. Then, by right jugular approach, the freely floating end of the inner atrial coil was grasped by a pig-tail catheter, drawn back into the superior vena cava, exteriorized by a Lasso catheter, and finally extracted.
Improving Horticultural Crops via CRISPR/Cas9: Current Successes and Prospects (2020)

Horticultural crops include a diverse array of crops comprising fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers, aromatic and medicinal plants. They provide nutritional, medicinal, and aesthetic benefits to mankind. However, these crops undergo many biotic (e.g., diseases, pests) and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity). Conventional breeding strategies to improve traits in crops involve the use of a series of backcrossing and selection for introgression of a beneficial trait into elite germplasm, which is time and resource consuming. Recent new plant breeding tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) /CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) technique have the potential to be rapid, cost-effective, and precise tools for crop improvement. In this review article, we explore the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, its history, classification, general applications, specific uses in horticultural crops, challenges, existing resources, associated regulatory aspects, and the way forward.
Quantitative Label-free Biodetection of Acute Disease Related Proteins Based on Nanomechanical Dynamic Microcantilevers (2007)

We report the label-free biomolecules detection based on nanomechanical microcantilevers operated in dynamic mode for detection of two marker proteins (myoglobin and creatin kinase-MB (CK-MB)) of acute myocardical infarctions. When the specific binding between the antigen and its antibody occurred on the fuctionalized microcantilever surface, mechanical response (i.e. resonant frequency) of microcantilevers was changed in lower frequency range. We performed the label-free biomolecules detection of myoglobin and CK-MB antigen in the low concentration (clinical threshold concentration range) as much as 1 ng/ml from measuring the dynamic response change of microcantilevers caused by the intermolecular force. Moreover, we estimate the surface stress on the dynamic microcantilevers generated by specific antibody-antigen binding. It is suggested that our dynamic microcantilevers may enable one to use the sensitive label-free biomolecules detection for application to the disease diagnosis system based on mechanical immuno-sensor.
CDCGen: Cross-Domain Conditional Generation via Normalizing Flows and Adversarial Training (2021)

How to generate conditional synthetic data for a domain without utilizing information about its labels/attributes? Our work presents a solution to the above question. We propose a transfer learning-based framework utilizing normalizing flows, coupled with both maximum-likelihood and adversarial training. We model a source domain (labels available) and a target domain (labels unavailable) with individual normalizing flows, and perform domain alignment to a common latent space using adversarial discriminators. Due to the invertible property of flow models, the mapping has exact cycle consistency. We also learn the joint distribution of the data samples and attributes in the source domain by employing an encoder to map attributes to the latent space via adversarial training. During the synthesis phase, given any combination of attributes, our method can generate synthetic samples conditioned on them in the target domain. Empirical studies confirm the effectiveness of our method on benchmarked datasets. We envision our method to be particularly useful for synthetic data generation in label-scarce systems by generating non-trivial augmentations via attribute transformations. These synthetic samples will introduce more entropy into the label-scarce domain than their geometric and photometric transformation counterparts, helpful for robust downstream tasks.
Mathematical Models for the Propagation of Stress Waves in Elastic Rods: Exact Solutions and Numerical Simulation (2016)

Abstract In this work, the Bishop and Love models for longitudinal vibrations are adopted to study the dynamics of isotropic rods with conical and exponential cross-sections. Exact solutions of both models are derived, using appropriate transformations. The analytical solutions of these two models are obtained in terms of generalised hypergeometric functions and Legendre spherical functions respectively. The exact solution of Love model for a rod with exponential cross-section is expressed as a sum of Gauss hypergeometric functions. The models are solved numerically by using the method of lines to reduce the original PDE to a system of ODEs. The accuracy of the numerical approximations is studied in the case of special solutions.