gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
300mJ injection seeded compact 2 micron coherent lidar transmitter (2006)

The design of a compact coherent laser radar transmitter for tropospheric wind sensing is presented. This system is hardened for ground and airborne applications. As a transmitter for a coherent wind Lidar, this laser has stringent spectral line width and beam quality requirements. Although the absolute wavelength is not fixed, the output wavelength should avoid atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O absorption lines. The design architecture includes a seed laser, a power oscillator and a single amplifier. The laser material used for this application is a Ho:Tm:LuLF crystal. The 3-meter long folded ring resonator produces 100-mJ with a temporal pulse length around 185 ns. A final output of 300 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz is achieved by using an amplifier in a double pass format. The operating temperature is set around 15°C for the pump diode lasers and 5°C for the rod. Since the laser design has to meet high-energy as well as high beam quality requirements, close attention is paid to the laser head design to avoid thermal distortion in the rod. A side-pumped configuration is used and heat is removed uniformly by passing coolant through a tube slightly larger than the rod to reduce thermal gradient. This paper also discusses issues related to beam distortion due to high repetition rate. In addition, energy, seeding technique, and beam quality evaluation of the engineering verification laser will be presented.
On the Phase Transformations in Hot Rolled TRIP-Assisted Multiphase Steels (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Evaluation of Flow-Induced Vibration for Fixed Type Guide Rods of Shroud Head and Steam Dryer in ABWR (2002)

For the purpose of shortening outage schedules, fixed type guide rods are expected to be used in the ABWR. Guide rods are the component for a shroud head and a steam dryer installation. However, guide rods are located near the main steam nozzle, therefore flow-induced vibration (FIV) is concern due to the high steam velocity. In the present study, tests of the 1/1.87-scale model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for the 1/1.87-scale test and the actual ABWR model were conducted to prove the structural integrity of fixed type guide rods against FIV. As a result of CFD calculation, reduced damping was more than 5 and reduced velocity was approximately 1.44, so resonance did not occur fixed type guide rods. The maximum fluctuating stresses were conservatively evaluated as 8MPa by the turbulence and 2MPa by the Karman vortex shedding. Both values were below allowable limit. As noted above, the structural integrity against FIV was confirmed, so it is feasible to use the fixed type guide rods in the ABWR.
Latent Root Regression Analysis (1974)

Abstract Least squares estimates of parameters of a multiple linear regression model are known to be highly variable when the matrix of independent variables is near singular. Using the latent roots and latent vectors of the "correlation matrix" of the dependent and independent variables a modified least squares estimation procedure is introduced. This technique enables one to determine whether the near singularity has predictive value and examine alternate prediction equations in which the effect of the near singrtlarity has been removed from the estimates of the regression coefficients. In addition a method for performing backward elimination of variables using standard least squares or the modified procedure is presented. KEY WORDS: Multiple Linear RegressionLeast SquaresVariable Selection
[Recommendations of iron management in chronic kidney patients]. (2006)

The national and international recommendations concerning the iron management in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient are well established. All acknowledge the fact that iron needs are increased in uremic patients. This is particularly true for CKD-5 patients treated by hemodialysis (increased losses) and when treated by an erythropoetic stimulating agent (ESA). Annual iron requirements are currently estimated between 500 mg and 3000 mg per year. The biodisponibility of oral iron isreduced and side effects are quite common. The venous supplementation of iron offers today the best safety/efficacy profile. The evaluation of iron store is mandatory in CKD patient. The assessment of iron store in kidney patient relies on three major markers: transferrin saturation (Trf Sat); ferritin; percentage of hypochromic erythroid cells. Faced to iron deficiency, it is crucial to differentiate two situations: an absolute iron deficiency (Trf Sat < 20 % ; ferritin < 100 ng/ml; percentage of hypochromic cells > 10%); a functional iron deficiency (Trf Sat < 20%; ferritin > 200-500 ng/ml; percentage of hypochromic cells > 5-10%). When intravenous iron supplementation is indicated, dosing regime should be based on a slow and a reduced dosage administration to comply with manufacturer and best practice recommendations. Regular iron infusion of 50 to 100 mg per week is able to cover the basic needs for most hemodialysis patients.
Mitochondrial Recombination Reveals Mito–Mito Epistasis in Yeast (2018)

Genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provides adaptive potential although the underlying genetic architecture of fitness components within mtDNAs is not known. To dissect functional variation within mtDNAs, we first identified naturally occurring mtDNAs that conferred high or low fitness in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by comparing growth in strains containing identical nuclear genotypes but different mtDNAs. During respiratory growth under temperature and oxidative stress conditions, mitotype effects were largely independent of nuclear genotypes even in the presence of mito-nuclear interactions. Recombinant mtDNAs were generated to determine fitness components within high- and low-fitness mtDNAs. Based on phenotypic distributions of isogenic strains containing recombinant mtDNAs, we found that multiple loci contributed to mitotype fitness differences. These mitochondrial loci interacted in epistatic, nonadditive ways in certain environmental conditions. Mito-mito epistasis (<i>i.e.</i>, nonadditive interactions between mitochondrial loci) influenced fitness in progeny from four different crosses, suggesting that mito-mito epistasis is a widespread phenomenon in yeast and other systems with recombining mtDNAs. Furthermore, we found that interruption of coadapted mito-mito interactions produced recombinant mtDNAs with lower fitness. Our results demonstrate that mito-mito epistasis results in functional variation through mitochondrial recombination in fungi, providing modes for adaptive evolution and the generation of mito-mito incompatibilities.
Patient safety on weekends and weekdays: A comparative study of two hospitals in California (2013)

Background: Most clinicians believe that hospitals are less safe on the weekends, but the research findings have been mixed. In addition, the investigations have largely examined the outcomes of patients admitted on weekends versus weekdays and not patient harm that occurred on weekends against patient harm that occurred during the week. Objective: To compare the extent of patient harm that occurred on weekend days with the harm that occurred on weekdays. Methods: Using daily incident report data for an entire year from two hospitals in California we measured the number of incidents each day, the average harm per incident, and the total daily harm from all incidents. Analyses were done separately for the two different hospitals and controlled for daily patient census. Harm per incident was assessed to determine whether reporting patterns on weekdays differed from weekends. Results: There were fewer incidents per day and less total daily harm on weekend days than days during the workweek in both hospitals (p &lt; .05). Patient to nurse ratios are held at the same level across all days and shifts. There did not appear to be a systematic tendency to under-report incidents on the weekends. Conclusion: The data strongly suggest that there is less harm to patients due to healthcare error on the weekends than during the week. Further work is needed to determine whether these findings would apply in hospitals with varying staffing levels.
Association between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study (2020)

It is unclear whether the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mediated by common risk factors. We aimed to elucidate the association between NAFLD and CKD using propensity score (PS)-matched analysis. We assessed 3725 Japanese individuals, excluding those with hepatitis B or C infection and men and women who consumed >30 and >20 g/day of alcohol, respectively. Of these, we enrolled 1097 Japanese subjects with NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography and 1097 PS-matched subjects without NAFLD. The prevalence of CKD was higher in subjects with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD before PS matching, but there was no significant difference between these groups in terms of CKD prevalence after PS matching. There was no difference in the prevalence of CKD between those with and without NAFLD in the subgroup analyses. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that obesity, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were independent predictors of CKD, but NAFLD was not independently associated with CKD. In subjects with NAFLD, obesity, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were independent predictors of CKD. Thus, the link between NAFLD and CKD may be mediated by common risk factors. We recommend screening for CKD when patients with NAFLD have the aforementioned comorbidities.
Further characterization of factor VIII-deficient mice created by gene targeting: RNA and protein studies (1996)

Previously we created two strains of factor VIII-deficient mice by insertion of a neo gene into (1) the 3' end of exon 16 and (2) exon 17 of the factor VIII gene. Affected mice of both strains have no plasma factor VIII activity, yet are healthy with no spontaneous bleeding. Factor VIII-deficient females bred with affected males survive pregnancy and delivery. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of liver RNA to characterize factor VIII mRNA processing. Factor VIII mRNA of the exon 16 knockout strain contains neo sequences plus 17 bp of intron 16 due to use of a cryptic donor site in intron 16. All factor VIII mRNA of the exon 17 knockout strain lacks exon 17 and neo sequences. In skipping exon 17, the intron 16 donor site or a cryptic donor site 46 bp 3' to the intron 16 donor site are used. Thus, factor VIII deficiency in exon 16 knockout mice is due to truncated protein, while in exon 17 knockout mice it is due to either truncated or partially deleted protein. After immunizing exon 16 knockout mice with human recombinant factor VIII, two monoclonal antibodies were obtained that recognize < 100 pg of mouse factor VIII light chain. Assay of cryoprecipitate from the plasma of affected mice failed to show factor VIII light chain.
Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids on mucociliary transport and ciliary beating (1992)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid causes ciliostasis and cell membrane damage to rabbit tissue, is a secretagogue in cats, and inhibits epithelial ion transport in sheep tissue. It could therefore perturb mucociliary clearance. We have investigated the effect of rhamnolipid on mucociliary transport in the anesthetized guinea pig and guinea pig and human respiratory epithelium in vitro. Application of rhamnolipid to the guinea pig tracheal mucosa reduced tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) in vivo in a dose-dependent manner: a 10-microgram bolus caused cessation of TMV without recovery; a 5-micrograms bolus reduced TMV over a period of 2 h by 22.6% (P = 0.037); a 2.5-microgram bolus caused no overall changes in TMV. The ultrastructure of guinea pig tracheal epithelium exposed to 10 micrograms of rhamnolipid in vivo was normal. Application of 1,000 micrograms/ml rhamnolipid had no effect on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of guinea pig tracheal rings in vitro after 30 min, but 250 micrograms/ml stopped ciliary beating after 3 h. Treatment with 100 micrograms/ml rhamnolipid caused immediate slowing of the CBF (P less than 0.01) of human nasal brushings (n = 7), which was maintained for 4 h. Mono- and dirhamnolipid had equivalent effects. The CBF of human nasal turbinate organ culture was also slowed by 100 micrograms/ml rhamnolipid, but only after 4 h (CBF test, 9.87 +/- 0.41 Hz; control, 11.48 +/- 0.27 Hz; P less than 0.05, n = 6), and there was subsequent recovery by 14 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preservation of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle During Cardiomyoplasty Surgery (1996)

These findings show that these two protective protocols do not reduce the muscle damage that occurs during surgical preparation of the LDM for cardiomyoplasty.
Next generation IR magnets for hadron colliders (2003)

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is developing "React & Wind" designs and technology for building long high field accelerator magnets. This paper presents the R&D program for interaction region (IR) magnets made with "Rutherford" cable for the luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper will introduce a few new end design concepts that make the bend radius of the cable in the end independent of the coil aperture. These designs are suitable for building magnets with "React & Wind" technology.
Examining the Use of Spoken Dialect Indices With African American Children in the Southern United States (2014)

Newer measures of NMAE, such as the DELV-ST and DVAR scores, are comparable to older measures such as dialect density measures and listener judgment ratings. Like listener judgment ratings, the DELV-ST and DVAR scores offer clinicians and researchers alike a quicker alternative to dialect density measures for confirming and quantifying the spoken production of NMAE dialect. The present findings confirm that, depending on the type of data collected and questions posed, researchers and clinicians alike are able to choose from multiple, valid, and reliable measures of non-mainstream dialect use.
An investigation of whether agonist‐selective receptor conformations occur with respect to M2 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling via Gi/o and Gs proteins (2005)

1. A range of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor agonists (methacholine (MCh), oxotremorine-M (OXO-M), oxotremorine (OXO), arecoline (AREC), bethanechol (BETH), pilocarpine (PILO)) have been investigated with respect to their binding to, and activation of, M(2) and M(4) mACh receptors, recombinantly expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, to explore the possibility that these agonists may differentially affect mACh receptor-G(i/o) and -G(s) coupling. 2. M(2)/M(4) mACh receptor coupling to the adenylyl cyclase/cyclic AMP signalling pathway has been explored in intact cells. G(i/o)-mediated negative coupling to adenylyl cyclase was explored functionally by assessing the ability of the mACh receptor agonists to inhibit forskolin-stimulated enzymic activity. Following pertussis toxin treatment (100 ng ml(-1), 18-20 h) to inactivate G(i/o) proteins, each agonist caused a G(s)-mediated enhancement of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. 3. At both M(2) and M(4) mACh receptors, all agonists tested were more potent in mediating G(i/o)- versus G(s)-coupled responses. This difference (determined as the pIC(50) (G(i/o) coupling) minus pEC(50) (G(s) coupling) value) was greatest for AREC (65-75-fold) and least for BETH and PILO (</=10-fold). 4. Using apparent binding affinities (pK(B)), and potency (EC(50)/IC(50)) and responsiveness (E(max)/I(max)) estimates, relative efficacy (e(rel)) values for each agonist with respect to M(2) and M(4) mACh receptor coupling to G(i/o)- and G(s)-mediated signalling were also calculated. While the e(rel) values obtained for MCh and OXO-M in CHO-m2 cells were similar, OXO-M behaved as a 'super-agonist' at the M(4) mACh receptor giving greater e(rel) values for both G(i/o) and G(s) coupling relative to MCh. 5. The experimental data indicate that while interesting differences between agonists with respect to M(2)/M(4) mACh receptor activation and receptor-G(i/o) and -G(s) coupling can be discerned, no clear examples of agonist trafficking of signal have emerged.
Laser performance operations model (LPOM): a computational system that automates the setup and performance analysis of the national ignition facility (2008)

Abstract not provided
Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Displacement Damage in Ion-Bmcbarded Single Crystal α-A12O3 and α-SiO2 (1975)

Volume changes in ion-bombarded single crystals of sapphire and α-quartz have been investigated as functions of ion mass and initial energy and of the energy partitioning into atomic and ionization processes. In addition, channeled proton-induced X-ray measurements were made of displacement damage after ion bombardment. Results indicate an ionization stimulated annealing effect of the radiation damage in sapphire which prevents this material from becoming amorphous even at high ion fluences. In contrast, α-quartz shows no such annealing effect and loses its crystallinity completely at high ion fluences.
Sex‐differences in post‐discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation (2018)

Hospitalization for AF is common and frequently associated with both in-hospital complications and readmission, which were more commonly observed among women with AF. Further research into epidemiological factors and treatment differences between men and women with AF is warranted.
Molecular genetics of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer for pathologists (2017)

It is critical to distinguish LS patients from other patients with tumors due to dMMR, so that the proper screening protocol can be employed for the patients and their families, with the goal to save lives while avoiding unnecessary anxiety and costs. This review summarizes the major pathogenesis pathways of dMMR CRCs, their clinicopathologic features, and practical screening suggestions. In addition, we include frequently asked questions for MMR immunohistochemistry interpretation.
Changes in Potency and Subtype Selectivity of Bivalent NaV Toxins are Knot-Specific (2023)

Disulfide-rich peptide toxins have long been studied for their ability to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Na<sub>V</sub>1.7, a validated target for the treatment of pain. In this study, we sought to combine the pore blocking activity of conotoxins with the gating modifier activity of spider toxins to design new bivalent inhibitors of Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 with improved potency and selectivity. To do this, we created an array of heterodimeric toxins designed to target human Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 by ligating a conotoxin to a spider toxin and assessed the potency and selectivity of the resulting bivalent toxins. A series of spider-derived gating modifier toxins (GpTx-1, ProTx-II, gHwTx-IV, JzTx-V, CcoTx-1, and Pn3a) and two pore-blocker μ-conotoxins, SxIIIC and KIIIA, were used for this study. We employed either enzymatic ligation with sortase A for C- to N-terminal ligation or click chemistry for N- to N-terminal ligation. The bivalent peptide resulting from ligation of ProTx-II and SxIIIC (Pro[LPATG<sub>6</sub>]Sx) was shown to be the best combination as native ProTx-II potency at hNa<sub>V</sub>1.7 was conserved following ligation. At hNa<sub>V</sub>1.4, a synergistic effect between the pore blocker and gating modifier toxin moieties was observed, resulting in altered sodium channel subtype selectivity compared to the parent peptides. Further studies including mutant bivalent peptides and mutant hNa<sub>V</sub>1.7 channels suggested that gating modifier toxins have a greater contribution to the potency of the bivalent peptides than pore blockers. This study delineated potential benefits and drawbacks of designing pharmacological hybrid peptides targeting hNa<sub>V</sub>1.7.
The Cell Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Determines the Kinetics of Plasma Viremia in SCID Mice Reconstituted with Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes (1998)

Most individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) initially harbor macrophage-tropic, non-syncytium-inducing (M-tropic, NSI) viruses that may evolve into T-cell-tropic, syncytium-inducing viruses (T-tropic, SI) after several years. The reasons for the more efficient transmission of M-tropic, NSI viruses and the slow evolution ofT-tropic, SI viruses remain unclear, although they may be linked to expression of appropriate chemokine coreceptors for virus entry. We have examined plasma viral RNA levels and the extent of CD4+ T-cell depletion in SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes following infection with M-tropic, dual-tropic, or T-tropic HIV-1 isolates. The cell tropism was found to determine the course of viremia, with M-tropic viruses producing sustained high viral RNA levels and sparing some CD4+ T cells, dual-tropic viruses producing a transient and lower viral RNA spike and extremely rapid depletion of CD4+ T cells, and T-tropic viruses causing similarly lower viral RNA levels and rapid-intermediate rates of CD4+ T-cell depletion. A single amino acid change in the V3 region of gp120 was sufficient to cause one isolate to switch from M-tropic to dual-tropic and acquire the ability to rapidly deplete all CD4+ T cells.
A ferrocene imidazolium-based macrocycle as an electrochemical chemosensor for halide anions (2013)

C4-H and C5-H protons of the imidazolium heterocycle have been exploited as a binding site for anion recognition in the design of two new redox-active imidazoliophane syn and anti isomers. The cooperative action of the two imidazolium motifs of the syn isomer is crucial for halide anion recognition. The integration of a ferrocene signalling unit at the C2 position of the imidazolium motif also facilitates the electrochemical sensing of anions by the syn isomer receptor.