gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to duck hepatitis B virus infection is associated with the presence of cell surface receptor sites that efficiently bind viral particles (1995)

To test the hypothesis that susceptibility of hepatocytes to duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection requires cell surface receptors that bind the virus in a specific manner, we developed an assay for the binding of DHBV particles to monolayers of intact cells, using radiolabeled immunoglobulin G specific for DHBV envelope protein. Both noninfectious DHBV surface antigen particles and infectious virions bound to a susceptible fraction (approximately 60%) of Pekin duck hepatocytes. In contrast, binding did not occur to cells that were not susceptible to DHBV infection, including Pekin duck fibroblasts and chicken hepatocytes, and binding to Muscovy duck hepatocytes, which are only weakly susceptible (approximately 1% of cells) to DHBV infection, was virtually undetectable. Within a monolayer, individual Pekin duck hepatocytes appeared to differ markedly in the capacity to bind DHBV, which may explain difficulties that have been encountered in infecting 100% of cells in culture. We have also found that the loss of susceptibility to infection with DHBV that occurs when Pekin duck hepatocytes are maintained for more than a few days in culture correlates with a decline in the number of cells that bind virus particles efficiently. All of these results support the interpretation that the binding event detected by our assay is associated with the interaction between DHBV and specific cell surface receptors that are required for initiation of infection. Our assay may facilitate isolation and identification of hepatocyte receptors for this virus.
Multi-resolution CT for the quantification of reservoir properties in complex carbonate rocks (2012)

Complex carbonates cause heterogeneity at many scales, which have an influence on reservoir properties (e.g.porosity).Recent developments in CT and image analysis research allow characterization of complex pore networks in three dimensions from sub-micron to centimetre scale.Travertine rocks are selected in this study because of their large variety in pore types concerning their size and spatial distribution.Excavated blocks (dimensions: 2 by 3 by 2m) of different travertine lithologies are documented using high-resolution photographs of the front, side and top faces.Photographs of smaller areas are used in order to estimate the REA in function of porosity types.Based on these photographs porosity is estimated by point-counting.Out of these blocks large cores are drilled in three perpendicular directions (dimensions: 10cm and 15cm height).In these cores, small plugs (dimensions: 2cm and 4cm height) are drilled.In a last step micro-plugs (dimensions: 0.7cm and 1.5cm height) are drilled out.For each sample size different scanners are used, providing optimal resolutions (sample size/1000).This workflow allows quantifying porosity values of the same sample using datasets with different resolutions.Special attention is paid to the segmentation of porosity in the resulting images.The indicator kriging segmentation algorithm is used, for which automatic parameter selection methods are explored.Using 3D image analysis programs such as Morpho+ allows establishing a new 3D classification of pore shapes based on form ratio's I/L and S/I (Brabant et al, 2011).5 shape classes are defined: rod, blade, cuboid, plate and cubic shapes.This approach allows separating different types of pore shapes as well as assessing the anisotropy of the porosity in the sample by using the orientation of the longest dimension.However computational limitations do not allow incorporating heterogeneities on small scales in full-field reservoir simulations.Hence a critical decision has to be made at which scale petrophysical measurements should be taken in order for them to be homogeneous and statistically stationary.The concept of the Representative Elementary Volume (REV), i.e. the smallest value that can be taken as a representation for the entire sample area/volume that does not respond to small changes in volume or location, was introduced by Bear in 1972.To define the fluctuation of the porosity parameter the chi-square criterion is used.This parameter measures how much a single tested sample deviates from the mean value of all realizations.The upscaling workflow demonstrates the importance of the resolution of the 3D datasets on the calculated porosity value.Porosity networks in large core samples and plug samples are clearly different.This study also illustrates that the size of the REV is dependent of the lithology of the analyzed rocks.Only by calculating the REV at different scales and resolutions, reservoir properties in complex carbonate rocks can be evaluated correctly.
Convenient Synthesis of 5-Trifluoromethyl-3-oxazolines and 5-Trifluoromethyloxazoles (1992)

Aldehyde tert-butyl(methy1)hydrazones were acylated w i t h trif l u o r o a c e t i c anhydride t o a f f o r d 3-tert-butyl (methyl )hydrazono-1.1.l-trifluoroalkan-?-ones (A) i n good y i e l d s .Several 5-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethyl-3-oxazolines (A) were successfully synthesized by t h e r m a l l y induced r e a c t i o n o f Qadsorbed on s i l i c a gel.Treatment of z w i t h POC13/pyridine and subsequent dehydrochlorination w i t h diisopropylethylamine gave 5t r i f l u o r o m e t h y l o x a z o l e s (2) i n h i g h y i e l d s .
Application of Computerized Tomography for Nondestructive Evaluation of Weldments. (1983)

The purpose of this research project has been to investigate the feasibility of applying the Computerized Tomographic (CT) processes to the nondestructive testing and evaluation of weldments. The present study investigates the degree of spatial resolution obtainable via tomographic techniques as a function of the tomographic parameters. The scope of work has included a study of the applicability of CT processes for on-line quasi real time inspection of automated welding processes. The feasibility study included CT examinations of electron beam weldments on rocket motor casings, weldments, on a cast aluminum object, and several plate weldments. The main objective was to study the influence of the tomographic parameters on the resolution of the weldment features. A technique for rapid on-line, quasi real time inspection of weldments on a rocket motor casing is demonstrated. Tomographic evaluations were compared with available radiographic evaluations to study the relative merits of these techniques. The results of the present study have indicated the potential feasibility of applying CT techniques to the general area of weldments, including on-line inspection of automated welding processes.
Diet selection in pigs: choices made by growing pigs given foods of different protein concentrations (1990)

ABSTRACT To test the proposition that growing pigs, when given a choice between two foods, are able to select a diet that meets their requirements, and to investigate the rules of diet selection, four foods (L, A, B and H) with similar energy yields, but different concentrations of crude protein (CP) (125, 174, 213 and 267 g CP per kg fresh food respectively) were formulated. The four foods were offered ad libitum either singly, or as a two-way choice using all the six possible pairs, to 40 individually caged pigs from 12 to 30 kg live weight. On the single foods the rate of food intake fell from 1001 to 971 to 961 to 868 (s.e.d. 40) g/day (F &lt; 0·05) as the protein concentration of the foods increased from L to H; the growth rate followed an opposite trend (492, 627, 743 and 693 (s.e.d. 31) g/day respectively; P &lt; 0·01). When the pigs had to select between two foods limiting in protein (L and A) the less limiting one was preferred (710 (s.e. 200) g A per kg total food intake; the protein concentration of the selected diet was 160 (s.e. 10) g CP per kg). On the choice between B and H (a choice between a food with protein concentration close to requirements and a food with protein excess) the lower food was markedly preferred (928 (s.e. 4) g B per kg total food intake; the protein concentration of the selected diet was 218 (s.e. 1) g CP per kg). When the animals were given a choice between two foods, a combination of which was non-limiting (pairs LB, LH, AB and AH), the protein concentrations of the selected diets were not different between treatments (208, 204, 202 and 205 (s.e.d. 13) g CP per kg respectively) and they also declined systematically with time and weight. The growth rate of the animals on these pairs were 752, 768, 769 and 763 (s.e.d. 54) g/day (P &gt; 0·05), which were not significantly different from the highest growth rate achieved on a single food. The results suggest that pigs, when given a choice between a suitable pair of foods, are able to choose a balanced diet and to change its composition to reflect their changing requirements. The choice-feeding method may well be useful as an effective and economic way of estimating and meeting requirements, and of measuring the growth potential of pigs.
Fatigue crack surface area and crack front length: new ways to look at fatigue crack growth (2018)

This paper discusses the appropriateness of crack length as a reference dimension for fatigue damage. Current discussion on short crack versus long crack data is still divided between various approaches to model small crack growth. A proper physical explanation of the probable cause of the apparent differences between short crack and long crack data is not yet provided. Long crack data often comprises crack growth in constant thickness specimens, with a through crack of near constant crack front geometry. This is not true for corner cracks or elliptical surface crack geometries in the small crack regime where the crack front geometry is not symmetric or through-thickness. This affects similitude parameters that are based on the crack length. The hypothesis in this paper is that a comparison between long crack data and short crack data should be made using similar increments in crack surface area. The work applied to the specimen is dissipated in generation of fracture surface, whereas fracture length is a result. The crack surface area approach includes the two-dimensional effect of crack growth geometry in the small crack regime. A corner crack and a through crack are shown to follow the same power law relationship when using the crack area as base parameter. The crack front length is not constant, and its power law behaviour for a corner crack is shown.
Shut-in temperature profiles tell where the water went (1968)

Outcomes to be modelled are based on administrative ICD code groupings and include the number of cardiorespiratory, respiratory and cardiovascular events in a specific care setting (e.g., general practitioner visit, emergency department visit, hospitalization and death). Cardiovascular events are limited to those for which existing evidence suggests an association with RSV infection. Additional secondary outcomes are constructed as a subset of the primary outcomes based on specific ICD code groups.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Noncovalent Wild-type–Sparing Inhibitors of EGFR T790M (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 248K, PKC412 is a reversible EGFR T790M inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;
Near-field radiative heat transfer between two parallel SiO2 plates with and without microcavities (2015)

Near-to-far-field radiative heat transfer between two macroscopic SiO2 plates—with and without microcavities—was observed using a highly precise and accurate optical gap-measurement method. The experiments, conducted near 300 K, measured heat transfer as a function of gap separation from 1.0 μm to 50 μm and also as a function of temperature differences between 4.1 and 19.5 K. The gap-dependent heat flux was in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the effects of microcavities on the plate surfaces were clearly observed and significant enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer was confirmed between gold-coated microcavities with narrow vacuum separation.
Automated simulation and analysis for integrated protection of transmission systems (2001)

Developments in computer aided analysis tools have made it possible to produce efficient power system simulations that allow the integration of the protection relay algorithms into the simulation studies. However, the conventional procedures of preparing case studies, in which the simulated protection relays have to be located and reconfigured for the different case studies in addition to the analysis of the simulation results, are time consuming. The use of the proposed embedded integration of an expert system with an object-oriented generic multifunction protection relay (GMPR) provides a more effective means for the analysis and evaluation of protective relay functions. A sample power system, incorporating a STATCOM, and subjected to different contingencies, illustrates the effectiveness of this approach.
Histamine, cytokine and anaphylatoxin levels in stored platelet concentrates. (1994)

We measured the plasma levels of histamine, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8) and anaphylatoxin (C3a) in platelet concentrates (PCs) during storage.Increased TNF-α levels were found in PCs after 120 hours of storage. However, the PCs stored for 120 hours contained TNF-α in amounts well below those which induce fever, chills and other symptoms in most patients treated with recombinant TNF-α.Increased IL-8 levels were also found in stored PCs. Thus, it is important to note that a critical IL-8 threshold might be reached in a patient upon infusion of stored PCs containing high levels of IL-8.Plasma histamine levels were below 1nmol/2U PCs after 120 hours of storage.Anaphylatoxin (C3a and C3a-desArg) levels were increased to 56μg/2U (1.6×10-7M) after 72 hours of storage, a level reportedly sufficient to induce platelet activation, suppress NK activity and induce IL-1 release from macrophages.These results may help explain some of the unexpected reactions in patients receiving PCs transfusions.
Isolation of Echimidine and Its C-7 Isomers from Echium plantagineum L. and Their Hepatotoxic Effect on Rat Hepatocytes (2022)

Echimidine is the main pyrrolizidine alkaloid of <i>Echium plantagineum</i> L., a plant domesticated in many countries. Because of echimidine's toxicity, this alkaloid has become a target of the European Food Safety Authority regulations, especially in regard to honey contamination. In this study, we determined by NMR spectroscopy that the main HPLC peak purified from zinc reduced plant extract with an MS [M + H]<sup>+</sup> signal at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 398 corresponding to echimidine (<b>1</b>), and in fact also represents an isomeric echihumiline (<b>2</b>). A third isomer present in the smallest amount and barely resolved by HPLC from co-eluting (<b>1</b>) and (<b>2</b>) was identified as hydroxymyoscorpine (<b>3</b>). Before the zinc reduction, alkaloids (<b>1</b>) and (<b>2</b>) were present mostly (90%) in the form of an <i>N</i>-oxide, which formed a single peak in HPLC. This is the first report of finding echihumiline and hydroxymyoscorpine in <i>E. plantagineum</i>. Retroanalysis of our samples of <i>E</i>. <i>plantagineum</i> collected in New Zealand, Argentina and the USA confirmed similar co-occurrence of the three isomeric alkaloids. In rat hepatocyte primary culture cells, the alkaloids at 3 to 300 µg/mL caused concentration-dependent inhibition of hepatocyte viability with mean IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 9.26 to 14.14 µg/mL. Our discovery revealed that under standard HPLC acidic conditions, echimidine co-elutes with its isomers, echihumiline and to a lesser degree with hydroxymyoscorpine, obscuring real alkaloidal composition, which may have implications for human toxicity.
Contributors, Feb., 1970 (1970)

Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
Rapid, Vehicle-Based Identification of Location and Magnitude of Urban Natural Gas Pipeline Leaks (2017)

Information about the location and magnitudes of natural gas (NG) leaks from urban distribution pipelines is important for minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing investment in pipeline management. To enable rapid collection of such data, we developed a relatively simple method using high-precision methane analyzers in Google Street View cars. Our data indicate that this automated leak survey system can document patterns in leak location and magnitude within and among cities, even without wind data. We found that urban areas with prevalent corrosion-prone distribution lines (Boston, MA, Staten Island, NY, and Syracuse, NY), leaked approximately 25-fold more methane than cities with more modern pipeline materials (Burlington, VT, and Indianapolis, IN). Although this mobile monitoring method produces conservative estimates of leak rates and leak counts, it can still help prioritize both leak repairs and replacement of leak-prone sections of distribution lines, thus minimizing methane emissions over short and long terms.
The Role of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Manufacturing Sustainability Assessment (2022)

Abstract To understand the past successes and future opportunities for applying Industry 4.0 technologies toward manufacturing sustainability assessment, this state-of-the-art review examines previous literature at the intersection of these domains. Specifically, we focus on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in the context of the following stages in manufacturing sustainability assessment: (i) planning, infrastructure development, and problem definition, (ii) performance measurement, (iii) results interpretation and decision-making, as well as (iv) intervention, control, and validation strategies. On the basis of the literature review, we present the trends, benefits, research gaps, and required future work for holistically integrating the research domains mentioned above. To accompany this literature review, we performed a meta-analysis of 14,498 articles and compared them to 316 articles compiled from a focused literature search. Based on database-controlled keywords, networks representing keyword co-occurrences were constructed to reveal clusters of related terms and evaluate overall term centrality (i.e., importance). Results from this analysis showed that the two datasets exhibited a similar network structure and also helped reveal Industry 4.0-related opportunities for manufacturing sustainability assessment. They include areas such as automation, robotics, and advanced inspection technologies, which are yet to be exploited in manufacturing sustainability assessment. Further research is needed to investigate whether the incorporation of such areas can (i) facilitate more robust and accessible assessments of manufacturing sustainability and (ii) make manufacturing systems themselves more sustainable.
Song wanted (1895)

Song wanted Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor 1Guildford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-VIII, Issue 196, 28 September 1895, Page 249, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-VIII.196.249b Published: 28 September 1895
Melatonin Receptors in Central Nervous System (2007)

Abstract The functional role of melatonin receptors in the mammalian central nervous system and their therapeutic potential is discussed. Melatonin, dubbed the “hormone of darkness,” is produced primarily in the pineal gland and retina following circadian rhythms with high levels of night. The chapter describes the structure, molecular pharmacology, signaling, and function of the MT1 and MT2 mammalian melatonin receptors. This is followed by discussion of recent advances in the regulation of melatonin receptor sensitivity and its role in circadian rhythm modulation by the circadian timing system. Recent advances in the discovery and development of therapeutic agents targeting melatonin receptors for the treatment of insomnia, circadian rhythm dysfunctions, and depression are also highlighted.
Organization Detection Using Emergent Computing (2006)

Abstract: Organization is a central concept in systems. In this paper an ant algorithm for detecting organizations is presented. In a discrete-time context, at each time-step, an organization corresponds to a set of closely interacting entities in a system. This system is mapped to a graph where nodes represent entities and edges represent interrelations. Several colonies of ants compete, and inside each colony, ants collaborate in order to colonize the graph. Detected organizations emerge from the global behavior of the ants. The proposed approach is compared to other methods on a graph where the organizations are already known. It is then tested on two real world graphs studied in the related literature.
Chemical conversion of tyrosine to 6-hydroxyindoles (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical conversion of tyrosine to 6-hydroxyindolesMeir. Wilchek, Thomas F. Spande, Bernhard. Witkop, and George W. A. MilneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 13, 3349–3350Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00989a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00989a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF UNSYMMETRICALLY SUBSTITUTED AZOXY COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELECTRON‐WITHDRAWING GROUPS (1977)

Abstract Die Oxidation der anti‐Diazocyanide (I) mit einem Überschuß an 85%igem H 2 O, in Trifluoressigsäure ergibt die Azoxy‐Derivate (II).
Foxp3 Expression in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells as a Novel Mechanism of Immune Evasion in Cancer (2007)

The forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 is highly expressed in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and was recently identified as a key player in mediating their inhibitory functions. Here, we describe for the first time the expression and function of Foxp3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and tumors. Foxp3 expression was induced by transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2), but not TGF-beta1 stimulation in these cells, and was partially suppressed following antibody-mediated neutralization of TGF-beta2. The TGF-beta2 effect could be mimicked by ectopic expression of a constitutively active TGF-beta type I receptor/ALK5 mutant. Down-regulation of Foxp3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in pancreatic carcinoma cells resulted in the up-regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 expression, providing evidence for a negative transcriptional activity of Foxp3 also in these epithelial cells. Coculture of Foxp3-expressing tumor cells with naive T cells completely inhibited T-cell proliferation, but not activation, and this antiproliferative effect was partially abrogated following specific inhibition of Foxp3 expression. These findings indicate that pancreatic carcinoma cells share growth-suppressive effects with Treg and suggest that mimicking Treg function may represent a new mechanism of immune evasion in pancreatic cancer.