gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimally adaptive transform coding (1995)

The optimal linear block transform for coding images is well known to be the Karhunen-Loeve transformation (KLT). However, the assumption of stationarity in the optimality condition is far from valid for images. Images are composed of regions whose local statistics may vary widely across an image. While the use of adaptation can result in improved performance, there has been little investigation into the optimality of the criterion upon which the adaptation is based. In this paper we propose a new transform coding method in which the adaptation is optimal. The system is modular, consisting of a number of modules corresponding to different classes of the input data. Each module consists of a linear transformation, whose bases are calculated during an initial training period. The appropriate class for a given input vector is determined by the subspace classifier. The performance of the resulting adaptive system is shown to be superior to that of the optimal nonadaptive linear transformation. This method can also be used as a segmentor. The segmentation it performs is independent of variations in illumination. In addition, the resulting class representations are analogous to the arrangement of the directionally sensitive columns in the visual cortex.
Subsurface contamination focus area technical requirements. Volume II (1996)

This is our vision, a vision that replaces the ad hoc or {open_quotes}delphi{close_quotes} method which is to get a group of {open_quotes}experts{close_quotes} together and make decisions based upon opinion. To fulfill our vision for the Subsurface Contaminants Focus Area (SCFA), it is necessary to generate technical requirements or performance measures which are quantitative or measurable. Decisions can be supported if they are based upon requirements or performance measures which can be traced to the origin (documented) and are verifiable, i.e., prove that requirements are satisfied by inspection (show me), demonstration, analysis, monitoring, or test. The data from which these requirements are derived must also reflect the characteristics of individual landfills or plumes so that technologies that meet these requirements will necessarily work at specific sites. Other subjective factors, such as stakeholder concerns, do influence decisions. Using the requirements as a basic approach, the SCFA can depend upon objective criteria to help influence the areas of subjectivity, like the stakeholders. In the past, traceable requirements were not generated, probably because it seemed too difficult to do so. There are risks that the requirements approach will not be accepted because it is new and represents a departure from the historical paradigm.
Tiam1 Regulates the Wnt/Dvl/Rac1 Signaling Pathway and the Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (2012)

Understanding the mechanisms that drive the differentiation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is crucial for successful development of novel therapies for Parkinson's disease, in which DA neurons progressively degenerate. However, the mechanisms underlying the differentiation-promoting effects of Wnt5a on DA precursors are poorly understood. Here, we present the molecular and functional characterization of a signaling pathway downstream of Wnt5a, the Wnt/Dvl/Rac1 pathway. First, we characterize the interaction between Rac1 and Dvl and identify the N-terminal part of Dvl3 as necessary for Rac1 binding. Next, we show that Tiam1, a Rac1 guanosine exchange factor (GEF), is expressed in the ventral midbrain, interacts with Dvl, facilitates Dvl-Rac1 interaction, and is required for Dvl- or Wnt5a-induced activation of Rac1. Moreover, we show that Wnt5a promotes whereas casein kinase 1 (CK1), a negative regulator of the Wnt/Dvl/Rac1 pathway, abolishes the interactions between Dvl and Tiam1. Finally, using ventral midbrain neurosphere cultures, we demonstrate that the generation of DA neurons in culture is impaired after Tiam1 knockdown, indicating that Tiam1 is required for midbrain DA differentiation. In summary, our data identify Tiam1 as a novel regulator of DA neuron development and as a Dvl-associated and Rac1-specific GEF acting in the Wnt/Dvl/Rac1 pathway.
Crown ether–electrolyte interactions permit nanopore detection of individual DNA abasic sites in single molecules (2012)

DNA abasic (AP) sites are one of the most frequent lesions in the genome and have a high mutagenic potential if unrepaired. After selective attachment of 2-aminomethyl-18-crown-6 (18c6), individual AP lesions are detected during electrophoretic translocation through the bacterial protein ion channel α-hemolysin (α-HL) embedded in a lipid bilayer. Interactions between 18c6 and Na(+) produce characteristic pulse-like current amplitude signatures that allow the identification of individual AP sites in single molecules of homopolymeric or heteropolymeric DNA sequences. The bulky 18c6-cation complexes also dramatically slow the DNA motion to more easily recordable levels. Further, the behaviors of the AP-18c6 adduct are different with respect to the directionalities of DNA entering the protein channel, and they can be precisely manipulated by altering the cation (Li(+), Na(+) or K(+)) of the electrolyte. This method permits detection of multiple AP lesions per strand, which is unprecedented in other work. Additionally, insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of 18c6-cation interactions at a single-molecule level are provided by the nanopore measurement.
Optical Networks (2004)

Abstract With the explosion of capacity demands driven by the Internet, optical networking systems are experiencing tremendous growth and are providing increasingly high transmission capacities. As importantly, with the advent of the optical amplifier and wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM), optics is playing a larger role in networking and is extending further to the edge of the network. Once limited to long‐haul point‐to‐point systems, the industry is now commercializing multipoint metro WDM ring systems that include software‐controlled optical wavelength add/drop multiplexers and will soon be capable of offering large optical cross connects. These optical network elements, together with network‐management software, will enable rapid provisioning of wavelength services, as well as rapid network restoration. In addition, as the cost of optics is driven down and the demand for bandwidth to businesses and residential customers continues to grow, optical systems are extending out from the network core and metro to access applications. The confluence of a proliferation of broadband service applications and rapidly maturing optical technology are literally driving optical systems into all segments. Increasingly, optics is literally everywhere.
Co-expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its chaperone (CD147) is associated with low survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (2012)

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) have been described to play an important role in cancer, but to date there are no reports on the significance of MCT expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The aim of the present work was to assess the value of MCT expression, as well as co-expression with the MCT chaperone CD147 in GISTs and evaluate their clinical-pathological significance. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 and CD147 in a series of 64 GISTs molecularly characterized for KIT, PDGFRA and BRAF mutations. MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4 were highly expressed in GISTs. CD147 expression was associated with mutated KIT (p = 0.039), as well as a progressive increase in Fletcher's Risk of Malignancy (p = 0.020). Importantly, co-expression of MCT1 with CD147 was associated with low patient's overall survival (p = 0.037). These findings suggest that co-expression of MCT1 with its chaperone CD147 is involved in GISTs aggressiveness, pointing to a contribution of cancer cell metabolic adaptations in GIST development and/or progression.
<title>Thermal parameter estimation by heating and cooling and by thermographic measurement</title> (1999)

The use of a Peltier device in thermal contact with a specimen can provide heat source and sink. The utilization of this equipment is experimented, applying successive heating and cooling stages on various specimens and measuring the temperature outside of the contact area. Oscillating temperature in time and space can provide indication on the thermal diffusivity. The appealing ability of sourcing and sinking heat, with average null effect on temperature, may represent an innovative approach with respect to traditional simulation technique. A simple analytical model is exploited for recovering the inversion equations. Numerical simulation allows to better understand the real proces on the sample.
Anionic and ionic coordinative polymerization of L‐lactide (1998)

The potassium naphthalenide complex with 18-crown-6 is able to initiate anionic polymerization of L-lactide at 20°C. This type of anionic initiator does not have to be removed from the polymer as it does not affect metabolic processes. The ionic polymerization of L-lactide with an initiator based on Zn(II) acetyl acetonate, which is fairly stable, has been investigated. It has been found that this process leads to the corresponding polyesters, at high yields. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hematin: unique effects of hemostasis (1983)

Hematin is clinically useful in the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria. Recently, hematin-induced coagulopathy has been reported, and a patient we treated bled during hematin therapy. On 3 separate occasions, infusions of hematin (4 mg/kg) induced thrombocytopenia, prolongation of the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time. Reptilase time, and apparent decreases in fibrinogen and increases in fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP). However, fibrinogen assayed by heat precipitation was unchanged, the protamine paracoagulation test was negative, there was no red blood cell fragmentation, and plasminogen and antithrombin III remained normal, excluding the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Furthermore, premedication with heparin, 5000 U i.v., failed to prevent the lengthening of the Reptilase time and exacerbated the thrombocytopenia. In vitro studies revealed that hematin, 0.1 mg/ml, aggregated platelets and induced the release of 14C-serotonin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Hematin also aggregated washed or gel-filtered platelets but had no effect on formalin-fixed platelets. Aggregation was inhibited by aspirin (0.12 mg/ml), adenosine triphosphate, and apyrase, suggesting that hematin aggregated platelets by inducing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) release. Hematin (0.07 mg/ml) progressively inactivated thrombin and 0.1 mg/ml prolonged the Reptilase time. Thus, hematin is unique in that it both induces platelet aggregation and inhibits coagulation.
Transduction of the Plasmid Encoding Antiseptic Resistance Gene qacB in Staphylococcus aureus (2007)

The plasmid-borne qacA and qacB genes encode a multidrug efflux protein. The proteins encoded by qacA and qacB mediate efflux of cationic antiseptic agents such as quaternary ammonium compounds. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), qacA and qacB are widely prevalent and decrease antiseptic susceptibility. However, it is difficult to find the plasmids encoding qacA or qacB in community-associated MRSA (C-MRSA) isolated from patients with impetigo. Most MRSA, the strains causative of impetigo, carry the plasmid-borne exfoliative toxin-producing gene etb. To find the reason for the paucity of qacA or qacB in MRSA isolated from patients with impetigo, we performed transfer experiments of the plasmid pTZ2162qacB encoding qacB. The pTZ2162qacB was transferred to S. aureus strain RN4220 by transduction, although no pTZ2162qacB was transferred by conjugation. Additionally, pTZ2162qacB was transduced to MRSA carrying etb, and was coexistence with the plasmid encoding etb. Our results showed that pTZ2162qacB was horizontally transferred by transduction and was compatible with the plasmid encoding etb. Consequently, there will be risk of the emergence of C-MRSA with decreased antiseptic susceptibility among patients with impetigo.
Integrating Co-Occurrence and Spatial Contexts on PatchBased Scene Segmentation (2006)

We present a novel approach for contextual segmentation of complex visual scenes, based on the use of bags of local invariant features (visterms) and probabilistic aspect models. Our approach uses context in two ways: (1) by using the fact that specific learned aspects correlate with the semantic classes, which resolves some cases of visual polysemy, and (2) by formalizing the notion that scene context is image-specific -what an individual visterm represents depends on what the rest of the visterms in the same bag represent too-. We demonstrate the validity of our approach on a man-made vs. natural visterm classification problem. Experiments on an image collection of complex scenes show that the approach improves region discrimination, producing satisfactory results, and outperforming a non-contextual method. Furthermore, through the later use of a Markov Random Field model, we also show that co-occurrence and spatial contextual information can be conveniently integrated for improved visterm classification.
Letter to the Editor: Postpartum psychosis and pre-eclamptic toxaemia: a reply (2016)

Postpartum psychosis and pre-eclamptic toxaemia: a reply Brockington (2016) highlights the co-occurrence of eclampsia and postpartum psychosis as an important diagnostic consideration. We agree and have described in our previous work the importance of performing thorough physical, neurological and laboratory examinations of every patient with first-onset postpartum psychosis as this might lead to a diagnosis with treatable causes and co-morbidities (Bergink et al. 2015b). In addition to eclampsia, clinicians should consider the postpartum occurrence of autoimmune disorders (e.g. thyroiditis), encephalitis (e.g. NMDA encephalitis), infections (e.g. endometritis, mastitis) and rare inborn errors of metabolism.
Effects of hybrid comprehensive cardiac telerehabilitationconducted under the pension prevention program of the Social Insurance Institution (2017)

Hybrid, comprehensive, cardiac telerehabilitation was well accepted and led to the improvement of the patients' physical capacity. Adherence to HCCT was high and allowed 48.48% of patients return to work. Med Pr 2017;68(1):61-74.
Steric mass‐action ion exchange: Displacement profiles and induced salt gradients (1992)

Abstract The study of nonlinear competitive equilibrium is of fundamental importance in understanding the behavior of proteins in preparative ion‐exchange chromatographic separations. In this work we present a steric mass‐action (SMA) ion‐exchange equilibrium formalism, which explicitly accounts for the steric hindrance of salt counterions upon protein binding in multicomponent equilibria. An analytical solution has been derived for the calculation of isotachic effluent profiles of displaced proteins and induced salt gradients under ideal chromatographic conditions. A stability analysis has been employed to establish the order of the feed components in the displacement train. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results for the separation of proteins by cation‐exchange displacement chromatography. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the SMA formalism in predicting complex behavior present in ion‐exchange displacement systems. Furthermore, the analytical solution of ideal isotachic displacement profiles with the SMA formalism enables rapid methods development and optimization of ion‐exchange displacement separations.
Fast pseudo-random number generators for computers (1970)

Available techniques for the production of random numbers for digital computers rely on software which is relatively slow. Simple techniques for generating these numbers are available in hardware form which allows the full speed of the computer to be used to full advantage in simulation problems. Several possible practical arrangements are considered and their performances compared.
Active optoelectronics using thin-film organic semiconductors (2000)

We review recent results in the emerging area of organic semiconductor materials. Light-emitting devices, thin-film transistors and ultrafast photodetectors are used as examples to show the progress made in our understanding of the fundamental optoelectronic properties of organic thin films, and their application to active electronic devices. Also, a perspective of the potential of these materials for practical application following 50 years of intense research is considered.
A Five-Octave Level Control Circuit for Broadband Coaxial Cable Distribution Systems (1983)

Digital communications with an equal amount of data flowing in either direction over a single coaxial cable have been proposed, and a few pioneering systems have already been installed by cable television companies. Broadband distribution for this purpose is certainly attractive. Fifteen-mile-long systems with cascades of thirty or more trunk stations are not uncommon, and in a splitband 450 MHz system, the reverse passband spans more than five octaves of frequency typically ranging from 5 to almost 200 MHz.
Energy-Aware Fault Tolerance in Fixed-Priority Real-Time Embedded Systems (2003)

We investigate an integrated approach to fault tolerance and dynamic power management in real-time embedded systems. Fault tolerance is achieved via checkpointing and power management is carried out using dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). We present feasibility-of-scheduling tests for checkpointing schemes for a constant processor speed as well as for variable processor speeds. DVS is then carried out on the basis of these feasibility analyses. Experimental results show that compared to fault-oblivious methods, the proposed approach significantly reduces power consumption and guarantees timely task completion in the presence of faults.
Microsatellite variation in the Australian dingo (1999)

The dingo is thought to have arrived in Australia from Asia about 5,000 years ago. It is currently in danger because of interbreeding with domestic dogs. Several morphological, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics distinguish dingoes from domestic dog. Skull morphometrics are currently used to try to classify wild canids as pure dingo, dog, or hybrid. Molecular techniques based on diagnostic DNA differences between dogs and dingoes would make a much more reliable and practical test. A small number of markers (about 10) would allow detection of animals with domestic dog in their ancestry several generations back. We have typed 16 dingoes and 16 dogs of mixed breed for 14 microsatellites. The amount of variation in the Australian dingo is much less than in domestic dogs. The size distributions of microsatellites in the two groups usually overlap. The number of alleles in the dingo is much smaller in all cases. One dinucleotide repeat locus shows a size difference of 1 bp in allele classes between dog and dingo. This locus may be diagnostic for dog or dingo ancestry. The differences in distributions of alleles at other loci can also be used to classify animals using a likelihood method.
Le refoulement (2008)

Ce volume tente de préciser les contours d'une notion, l'un des concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse, dont on pourrait aisément penser qu'elle va de soi, alors que les questions métapsychologiques sont nombreuses. Que dire de la relation entre pulsion et refoulement ? Que devient le refoulement dans la théorie freudienne après la mutation de 1920 et le relatif abandon de la perspective représentationnelle au profit de la réflexion sur les processus et le jeu des forces qui les engendre ? Quel statut épistémologique donner au concept de refoulement primaire ? Quelle est la place du refoulement dans la pratique analytique, notamment à côté du contre-transfert ? Comment penser sa place dans la cure analytique avec l'enfant ?
Angiopoietin-2 Regulates Gene Expression in TIE2-Expressing Monocytes and Augments Their Inherent Proangiogenic Functions (2010)

TIE2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEM) are a highly proangiogenic subset of myeloid cells in tumors. Here, we show that circulating human TEMs are already preprogrammed in the circulation to be more angiogenic and express higher levels of such proangiogenic genes as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), VEGFA, COX-2, and WNT5A than TIE2(-) monocytes. Additionally, angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) markedly enhanced the proangiogenic activity of TEMs and increased their expression of two proangiogenic enzymes: thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and cathepsin B (CTSB). Three "alternatively activated" (or M2-like) macrophage markers were also upregulated by ANG-2 in TEMs: interleukin-10, mannose receptor (MRC1), and CCL17. To investigate the effects of ANG-2 on the phenotype and function of TEMs in tumors, we used a double-transgenic (DT) mouse model in which ANG-2 was specifically overexpressed by endothelial cells. Syngeneic tumors grown in these ANG-2 DT mice were more vascularized and contained greater numbers of TEMs than those in wild-type (WT) mice. In both tumor types, expression of MMP-9 and MRC1 was mainly restricted to tumor TEMs rather than TIE2(-) macrophages. Furthermore, tumor TEMs expressed higher levels of MRC1, TP, and CTSB in ANG-2 DT tumors than WT tumors. Taken together, our data show that although circulating TEMs are innately proangiogenic, exposure to tumor-derived ANG-2 stimulates these cells to exhibit a broader, tumor-promoting phenotype. As such, the ANG-2-TEM axis may represent a new target for antiangiogenic cancer therapies.
La reforma del incentivo por reinversión de plusvalías en el impuesto sobre sociedades (2002)

Zinc-induced oligomerization of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) produces potentially pathogenic agents of Alzheimer's disease. Mutations and modifications in the metal binding domain 1-16 of Aβ peptide crucially affect its zinc-induced oligomerization by changing intermolecular zinc mediated interface. The 3D structure of this interface appearing in a range of Aβ species is a prospective drug target for disease modifying therapy. Using NMR spectroscopy, EXAFS spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry the interaction of zinc ions with Aβ fragments 1-7 and 1-10 carrying familial Taiwanese mutation D7H was studied. Zinc ions induce formation of a stable homodimer formed by the two peptide chains fastened by two zinc ions and stacking interactions of imidazole rings. A binuclear zinc interaction fold in the dimer structure was discovered. It can be used for designing zinc-regulated proteins and zinc-mediated self-assembling peptides.
Undiagnosed alcoholism & prescription drug misuse among the elderly. Special considerations for home assessment. (2001)

Elderly patients are living longer than ever. Often, health care providers perceive this longevity as a measure of professional success. These patients don't always share this cheerful perspective. Living to a "ripe old age" can impose tremendous stress. An alarming number of these patients turn to alcohol and prescription drugs to escape the physical, emotional, spiritual, social and financial losses associated with aging.
GASpeech: A Framework for Automatically Estimating Input Parameters of Klatt's Speech Synthesizer (2008)

This work describes GASpeech: a framework centered on genetic algorithms for automatically estimating the input parameters of Klatt's speech synthesizer. GASpeech aims to speed up the process of speech imitation (or utterance copy), where one has to find the model parameters that lead to a synthesized speech sounding close enough to the natural target speech (i.e. low spectral distortion). The architecture of GASpeech is described, emphasizing the usage of adaptive control of probabilities and stopping criteria speeding up the convergence process. Though this paper does not present a closed solution for all Klatt's parameters, an enormous improvement in accuracy and methodology was reached when compared to previous works.