gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Decay of Disease Association with Declining Linkage Disequilibrium: A Fine Mapping Theorem (2016)

Abstract Several important and fundamental aspects of disease genetics models have yet to be described. One such property is the relationship of disease association statistics at a marker site closely linked to a disease causing site. A complete description of this two-locus system is of particular importance to experimental efforts to fine map association signals for complex diseases. Here, we present a simple relationship between disease association statistics and the decline of linkage disequilibrium from a causal site. A complete derivation of this relationship from a general disease model is shown for very large sample sizes. Quite interestingly, this relationship holds across all modes of inheritance. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations using a disease genetics model applied to chromosomes subjected to a standard model of recombination are employed to better understand the variation around this fine mapping theorem due to sampling effects. We also use this relationship to provide a framework for estimating properties of a non-interrogated causal site using data at closely linked markers. We anticipate that understanding the patterns of disease association decay with declining linkage disequilibrium from a causal site will enable more powerful fine mapping methods.
Bond Scission in Sulfur Compounds. V. A Kinetic Study of Sulfur–Oxygen and Sulfur–Chlorine Bond Scission in the Methanolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Chlorosulfate (1972)

A kinetic study of the reaction of p-nitrophenyl chlorosulfate with methoxide ion in methanol has been carried out over the temperature range 5–35°. The results are discussed in terms of two bond scission processes, S—O and S—Cl scission. A stereo-electronic factor is considered dominant in discussion of activation entropies.
The Chemical Ionization of Organic Compounds. 1st Communication. Linear alkenes with six to nine carbon atoms (1976)

Abstract The chemical ionization spectra of linear alkenes have been measured using H 2 O, CH 4 or CD 3 OD as ionizing gas. In the case of 1‐heptene the dependence of spectra on pressure, temperature and repeller field strength has been measured and is discussed.
Tiling Layered Depth Images (2000)

We present a system for modeling and real-time rendering of solid terrains. Using results from the field of tiling, we show how a global 3D texture can be computed for a 2D terrain using a small set of Layered Depth Images. We propose a new set of Wang tiles that are shown empirically to tile the plane without apparent periodic structure. Furthmore, we introduce a new imagebased data struture: multiresolution view-dependent Layered Depth Images. As our results show, this method produces natural looking 3D textures, with full parallax, in real time.
Kodak picture exchange : online access to photographs and images (1995)

The Kodak Picture Exchange brings to the desktop a dababase of over 200, 000 photographic images collected from 28 stock photography companies in the United States
Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in a CT Lung Cancer Screening Population: Prevalence and Progression Rate (2013)

ILA is common in cigarette smokers. Nonfibrotic ILA improved in about 50% of cases, and fibrotic ILA progressed in about 37%.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Changes in Serum and Liver γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity. II. Experimental Hexachlorobenzene Porphyria in Rabbits (1976)

The mechanism responsible for the changes in serum and liver gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity was studied in a model of experimental hexachlorobenzene porphyria in rabbits. Porphyria followed the administration of hexachlorobenzene in doses of 280 mumol - kg-1 body weight, which were given daily through a gastric tube over a 20-day period. Serum gamma-GT activity and the activities of the lysosomal enzymes beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase were increased, whereas L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase remained unaltered. There was a considerable increase in liver microsomal protein, gamma-GT, cytochrome P-450, anilinehydroxylase, aminopyrine-demethylase and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase. In the liver gamma-GT was detected in the microsomes as well as in the cytoplasm where enzymatic activity was higher. The high correlation coefficient between liver gamma-GT, cytochrome P-450 and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase witnesses a hexachlorobenzene-induced gamma-GT formation in the liver. A statistically significant correlation between serum and liver gamma-GT activity was also found. These data strongly suggest that the increase in serum gamma-GT activity may result from the induction of the enzyme in the liver.
Synaptic Loss in Frontotemporal Dementia Revealed by [ 11 C ] UCB‐J Positron Emission Tomography (2022)

In accordance with preclinical models, and human postmortem evidence, there is widespread frontotemporal loss of synapses in symptomatic bvFTD, in proportion to severity. [<sup>11</sup> C]UCB-J PET could support translational studies and experimental medicine strategies for new disease-modifying treatments for neurodegeneration. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:142-154.
Secondary Lymphoid‐Tissue Chemokine Induced Modulation of T Cells (2004)

In this study we were interested in investigating the extent to which stimulation through a chemokine receptor could modulate TCR function. We report that splenic T cells exposed to secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC, CCL21) for 72, but not 2 or 24 hours, exhibited a decreased ability to produce IFN-gamma following CD3 crosslinking. Similar findings were observed with CCL2 and CCL5. The decrease in IFN-gamma production was not attributed to a decrease in T cell viability, was not accompanied with an increase in IL-4 production, and could be induced using a G protein coupled receptor agonist indicating involvement of chemokine receptors. One explanation for these findings was that following chemokine exposure the T cells were less efficient at TCR capping and exhibited a decrease in ZAP-70 protein expression. Consequently, these data indicate that CCL21 could modulate the function and expression of proteins necessary for T cell activation.
Target-Assisted Iterative Screening Reveals Novel Interactors for PSD95, Nedd4, Src, Abl and Crk proteins (2002)

A new in vitro screening method has been developed and applied to a commercial phage-displayed cDNA library to search for novel protein-protein interactions. PDZ, WW and SH3 domains from PSD95, Nedd4, Src, Abl and Crk proteins were used as targets. 12 novel putative and 2 previously reported interactions were identified in test screens. The novel screening format, dubbed TAIS (target-assisted iterative screening), is discussed as an alternative platform to existing technologies for a pair-wise characterization of protein-protein interactions.
Method for Predicting and Optimizing the Strength of Extruded Multi-Void Aluminum Heat Exchanger Tube (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mechanical response to internal pressure in extruded multi-void tube is investigated for three profiles using AA1050 alloy. Hydrostatic pressure data and changes in internal tube geometry are used to determine the effective stress in internal tube walls to instability (failure). True stress and strain data for internal walls in the tube are established and a model is proposed to predict the material response and pressure at failure. These data are compared to bulk material data from tensile testing. Differences in material response are attributed to stress state and size effects, and these mechanisms are reviewed. Process-structure-property relationships of extruded aluminum heat exchanger tube are also reviewed for brazed assemblies in light of the influence on size effects.&lt;/div&gt;
Influence of Different Truck and Trailer Combinations on the Aerodynamic Drag (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The aim with this investigation was to study the aerodynamic properties of truck-trailer combinations of varying lengths. The aerodynamic properties of the combinations were evaluated in order to study similarities and differences in the flow field between different configurations. By the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) six different types of truck-trailer combinations used for long hauling have been evaluated. The combinations have a total length varying between 10.10 m and 25.25 m and consist of either a tractor or rigid truck in combination with one or two cargo units. All of the combinations are commonly found on roads in Sweden and several other countries in Europe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results from the simulations show that the aerodynamic properties differ significantly for the truck-trailer combinations. It was found that the longer vehicle combinations are much more sensitive to yaw conditions than the shorter combinations. What was also evident is that the gap between the first and second cargo unit plays a significant role for the aerodynamic properties. Furthermore it was established that there is potential for fuel saving by a strategic choice of truck-trailer combination. According to the simplified evaluation made in this study the 25.25 m combinations show a lower power required per loading length (LL) and are therefore shown to be more efficient than the shorter combinations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
E-cadherin plasticity in prostate cancer stem cell invasion. (2011)

Prostate cancer that has progressed to metastatic disease remains largely untreatable. Nearly 90% of patients with advanced prostate cancer develop skeletal metastases, resulting in a substantial reduction in the quality of life and a drastic worsening of patient prognosis. The mechanisms involved in prostate cancer cell dissemination, however, remain poorly understood. We previously reported the identification of a highly tumorigenic E-cadherin positive prostate tumor stem cell subpopulation that expressed the embryonic stem cell markers SOX2 and OCT3/4. We herein demonstrate that this subpopulation is also highly invasive and, importantly, is capable of altering its E-cadherin expression during the process of invasion. The non-tumorigenic E-cadherin negative subpopulation which minimally expresses SOX2 or OCT3/4 was found to be poorly invasive. In addition, targeted knockdown of SOX2 or OCT3/4 markedly suppressed the invasion of prostate cancer cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that the expression of SOX2 or OCT3/4 is required for invasive cell capacity, but the ability to modulate E-cadherin is the key permissive factor enabling cancer stem cell invasion in vitro. We therefore propose a model in which the post-epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype progresses to a frank, aggressive, and invasive phenotype by a process requiring the acquisition of E-cadherin plasticity. Considering the clinical significance of the metastatic complications of prostate adenocarcinoma, the identification of factors that promote the dissemination of the malignant prostate phenotype is essential to establish effective therapies to combat this disease in future.
The infimum of the volumes of convex polytopes of any given facet areas is 0 (2014)

We prove the theorem mentioned in the title for ℝ n where n ≧ 3. The case of the simplex was known previously. Also the case n = 2 was settled, but there the infimum was some well-defined function of the side lengths. We also consider the cases of spherical and hyperbolic n -spaces. There we give some necessary conditions for the existence of a convex polytope with given facet areas and some partial results about sufficient conditions for the existence of (convex) tetrahedra.
Scandium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of α-Cyanoketones to Imines (2008)

The authors report a catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of α-cyano­ketones and Boc imines with a amide ligand/Sc catalyst, generating consecutive all-carbon quaternary and trisubstituted stereocenters in a highly stereoselective manner. It is noteworthy that precomplexation of ligand and metal is not required and the reaction can be run with ‘one-shot’ addition of all reaction components because the present catalysis proceeds through an ordered association of substrate/ligand and Sc from a conglomerate mixture.
Experimental study of an ion-temperature-gradient driven instability in a linear machine (1992)

An ion-temperature-gradient driven instability is investigated in the Columbia Linear Machine (CLM). A transit-time RF technique is used to heat the core of the plasma column. This produces the peaked ion temperature profile with the parameter eta i= delta ln Ti/ delta ln n exceeding the critical value ( approximately 1.4) required for onset of the instability. Along with the peaked temperature profile, a new feature in the density fluctuation spectrum is observed. This mode has an azimuthal mode number m=2 and propagates in the ion diamagnetic drift direction. It is identified as an eta i mode. The mode is similar to the one studied previously in the CLM using DC biased meshes for heating the ions.
Improved breast cancer histological grading using deep learning (2021)

The proposed model-based stratification of patients with NHG 2 tumours is prognostic and adds clinically relevant information over routine histological grading. The methodology offers a cost-effective alternative to molecular profiling to extract information relevant for clinical decisions.
Simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration control of structures with tuned mass dampers (2012)

The vibrations of the tall buildings are serious concerns to both engineers and architects for the protection of the safety of the structure and occupant comfort. In order to mitigate the vibration, different approaches have been proposed, among which tuned mass dampers are one of the most preferable and have been widely used in practice. Instead of dissipating the vibration energy into heat waste via the viscous damping element, this article presents an approach to harvest the vibration energy from tall buildings with tuned mass dampers, by replacing the energy-dissipating element with an electromagnetic harvester. This article demonstrates that vibration mitigation and energy harvesting can be achieved simultaneously by the utilization of an electricity-generating tuned mass damper and relevant algorithms. Based on the proposed switching energy harvesting circuit, three control strategies are investigated in this article, namely, semi-active, self-powered active, and passive-matching regenerative. The functions of the energy harvesting circuit on damping force control and power regulation, as well the effectiveness of the control strategies, are illustrated by simulation. The simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration control are demonstrated, for the first time, by experiment based on a three-story building prototype with the electricity-generating tuned mass damper, which is composed of a rotational brushed direct current motor and rack–pinion mechanism.
Reaktionen mit Nitrosouracilderivaten, I. Eine neue Xanthin‐Synthese (1966)

Abstract Eine neuartige Xanthin‐Synthese wird beschrieben. Ausgangsstoffe sind an der 4‐Amino‐gruppe monosubstituierte 5‐Nitroso‐uracilderivate ( 3 ). Diese spalten beim Erhitzen intramolekular Wasser ab unter Bildung der Xanthine 4 . Durch Oxydationsmittel entstehen aus den Nitrosouracilderivaten 3 zunächst Azomethine 12 , die sich zu 7‐Hydroxy‐xanthinen 13 cyclisieren.
Utilisation of ISA Reverse Genetics and Large-Scale Random Codon Re-Encoding to Produce Attenuated Strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus within Days (2016)

Large-scale codon re-encoding is a new method of attenuating RNA viruses. However, the use of infectious clones to generate attenuated viruses has inherent technical problems. We previously developed a bacterium-free reverse genetics protocol, designated ISA, and now combined it with large-scale random codon-re-encoding method to produce attenuated tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a pathogenic flavivirus which causes febrile illness and encephalitis in humans. We produced wild-type (WT) and two re-encoded TBEVs, containing 273 or 273+284 synonymous mutations in the NS5 and NS5+NS3 coding regions respectively. Both re-encoded viruses were attenuated when compared with WT virus using a laboratory mouse model and the relative level of attenuation increased with the degree of re-encoding. Moreover, all infected animals produced neutralizing antibodies. This novel, rapid and efficient approach to engineering attenuated viruses could potentially expedite the development of safe and effective new-generation live attenuated vaccines.
Collecting EEG signals in the IMPROVE data library (1997)

One of the key issues for the IMPROVE (IMPROVing control of patient status in critical carE) project was to define and build a data library (DL) of annotated data acquired in the intensive-care unit (ICU), with particular reference to problems of mismatch between oxygen utilisation and supply. An additional aim of the IMPROVE study was to test the feasibility and clinical value of including limited monitoring of high-quality long-term EEG signals with the main DL in a restricted number of patients. Such an EEG DL would form a useful basis for testing the applicability and validity of different signal processing and interpretation methods in ICU monitoring, and also demonstrate the degree to which useful information could be obtained by a degree of fusion between systemic and cerebral variables. In this article, we describe the setup for collection of the EEG DL, the tools developed to facilitate visual analysis of the EEG together with simultaneous data from other non-EEG variables, data concerning quality control, and some preliminary observations from detailed visual assessment of EEG patterns in relation to other ICU events.
Innovative Method Using Magnetic Particle Tracking to Measure Solids Circulation in a Spouted Fluidized Bed (2009)

We describe an innovative method for measuring particle motion inside spouted fluidized beds. The method uses a magnetic tracer particle, which follows the bulk particle flow and is continuously tracked by multiple magnetic field detectors located outside the bed. We analyze signals from the detectors to determine the tracer position at each instant in time. From statistical analysis of the tracer trajectory, characteristic measures of the bulk particle flow, such as the average recirculation frequency, can be determined as a function of operating conditions. For experiments with a range of particle sizes and densities in a 3.9-cm-diameter spouted bed, we find that average solids recirculation rates correlate with excess velocity (superficial minus minimum spouting velocity), particle density, and bed depth.
Hybrid modeling of fed-batch bioprocesses: Combination of physical equations with metabolic networks and black-box kinetics (2000)

Ahybrid (grey-box) modeling technique is presented that facilitates effective development of models for fed-batch bioprocess. In the hybrid model, differential equations based on mass balances are combined with a metabolic network describing the chemical reactions inside the cell (white-box part of the model) with fuzzy or neural models that represent the dynamics kinetics (black-box part of the model). Parameters of these black-box models are tuned by using experimental data. The approach has been ap-plied to the clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus and results obtained with fuzzy logic, neural networks and empirical (Monod type) kinetic models are compared.
Preparation of Extremely Thin Self-Supporting Metal Foils (1971)

Metal foils are prepared by the technique of evaporation and deposition on a plastic backing, which is subsequently dissolved in acetone. Destruction of the foils upon traversing the air-liquid interface is avoided by letting them traverse first a layer of ether which does not dissolve the plastic. During the whole procedure of fabrication the foils are never removed from the frame upon which the plastic layer is originally mounted. Foils have been prepared of the following metals: copper, gold, nickel, silver and tin. Thicknesses as low as 8 μg/cm2 (76 Å of Ag) have been obtained.
Reconstituted HDL Elicits Marked Changes in Plasma Lipids Following Single-Dose Injection in C57Bl/6 Mice (2011)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-targeting therapies, including reconstituted HDL (rHDL), are attractive agents for treating dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, as they may increase HDL levels and enhance therapeutic activities associated with HDL, including reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Using CSL-111, a rHDL consisting of native human apolipoprotein AI (hApoAI) and phospholipids, we characterized the acute effects of rHDL administration in C57Bl/6 mice to (i) further our understanding of the mechanism of action of rHDL, and (ii) evaluate the usefulness of the mouse as a preclinical model for HDL-targeting therapies. After a single injection of CSL-111, there was a dose- and time-dependent increase of hApoAI, human pre-β HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum, consistent with the effects of CSL-111 in humans. However, unlike in humans, there was no measurable increase in cholesteryl esters. Evaluated ex vivo, the ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1)- and scavenger receptor type BI (SR-BI)-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of serum from CSL-111-treated mice was increased compared with serum from vehicle-treated animals. Fractionation by size exclusion chromatography of lipoproteins in serum from treated mice revealed hApoAI in particles the size of endogenous HDL and slightly larger, cholesterol-enriched particles of all sizes, including sizes distinct from endogenous HDL or CSL-111 itself, and triglyceride-enriched particles the size of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). These results suggest that in mouse blood CSL-111 is remodeled and generates enhanced cholesterol efflux capacity which increases mobilization of free cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Our findings complement the previous reports on CSL-111 in human participants and provide data with which to evaluate the potential utility of mouse models in mechanistic studies of HDL-targeting therapies.
Erratum: Wissenschaftliche Produktivität der universitären Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in der DACH-Region (2023)

Correction to: Wissenschaftliche Produktivität der universitären Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in der DACH-RegionZ Orthop Unfall eFirstDOI: 10.1055/a-1956-5413
Cobalt nanoparticles incorporated into hollow doped porous carbon capsules as a highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst (2018)

MOF nanocrystals are employed for the design and synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles embedded into hollow doped porous carbon electrocatalyst.
The many faces of mapping and translation for semantic Web services (2004)

Semantic Web services hold the promise of greatly increasing interoperability among software agents and Web services by enabling content-based (as opposed to format-based) automated service discovery and interaction. However, as different services may well use different, only partly compatible ontologies to describe their capabilities, some amount of ontology mapping or translation will be required during the various stages of service discovery and utilization. In this paper, we reexamine some of the processing assumptions that were made in the development of semantic Web service models like DAML-S in order to uncover the very different roles of semantic translation in the subprocesses of service discovery, service process model interpretation, task negotiation, service invocation and response interpretation. We present examples and arguments showing how several different styles of translation will be required based on the informational context and perspectives of agents in each of these stages.