gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Use of a Penetrating Deposition Nozzle for Z-Pinning Additive Manufacturing (2022)

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) involves depositing material layer-by-layer to create a three-dimensional object. This method often demonstrates high mechanical anisotropy in the printed structure, leading to a drop in the material strength of the part when comparing structures along the deposition plane (X/Y-Axis) versus across layers in the build direction (Z-Axis). Initial efforts to improve anisotropy led to the development of the Z-Pinning process, where continuous pins are deposited across layers in the Z-Axis. Z-pinning has demonstrated significant gains in toughness and inter-layer strength, particularly in fiber-reinforced materials. However, this process can also create flaws in the structure that increase in severity and frequency as the pins grow in length and diameter. To mitigate this, a penetrating nozzle has been developed that extends a fine-tipped extrusion nozzle deep into the pin cavity and simultaneously extrudes material as it retracts. This study investigates the printability of the penetrating nozzle for simple geometries and evaluates the resulting Z-pinning mesostructure. As a result of this study, the prototype penetrating nozzle design was analyzed and built. Through a pressure driven flow analysis it was determined that filament will flow through the penetrating nozzle as the system pressure drop of 9.3 Mpa is less then the minimum critical pressure of 12.07 Mpa. Additionally, it was after a transient thermal simulation, it was found that after a pause of 15 seconds the system can resume printing with no drop in heat at nozzle exit. This means the additional length of the penetrating nozzle, will not cause any clogs during any pauses in filament flow.
Omics and modelling approaches for understanding regulation of asymmetric cell divisions in arabidopsis and other angiosperm plants (2014)

Asymmetric cell divisions define plant development. High-throughput genomic and modelling approaches can elucidate their regulation, which in turn could enable the engineering of plant traits such as stomatal density, lateral root development and wood formation.
True multi-image alignment and its application to mosaicing and lens distortion correction (1999)

Multiple images of a scene are related through 2D/3D view transformations and linear and nonlinear camera transformations. We present an algorithm for true multi-image alignment that does not rely on the measurements of a reference image being distortion free. The algorithm is developed to specifically align and mosaic images using parametric transformations in the presence of lens distortion. When lens distortion is present, none of the images can be assumed to be ideal. In our formulation, all the images are modeled as intensity measurements represented in their respective coordinate systems, each of which is related to an ideal coordinate system through an interior camera transformation and an exterior view transformation. The goal of the accompanying algorithm is to compute an image in the ideal coordinate system while solving for the transformations that relate the ideal system with each of the data images. Key advantages of the technique presented in this paper are: (i) no reliance on one distortion free image, (ii) ability to register images and compute coordinate transformations even when the multiple images are of an extended scene with no overlap between the first and last frame of the sequence, and (iii) ability to handle linear and nonlinear transformations within the same framework. Results of applying the algorithm are presented for the correction of lens distortion, and creation of video mosaics.
A haemodynamic dose finding study with a new slow-calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) in coronary artery disease. (1986)

The haemodynamic dose-response effects of a new long-acting slow-calcium channel blocking agent, amlodipine were evaluated in 20 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease. At rest, following a control saline period, four i.v. doses of the drug (cumulative dosage 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg) were administered to ten patients and haemodynamics determined in the ten to 15 minutes following injection. Effects on circulatory parameters were only evident following the maximum cumulative dosage. Accordingly in a further ten patients, the regimen was doubled (cumulative i.v. dosage 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg). In each study the haemodynamic effects during constant load supine bicycle exercise were evaluated by comparison of values during the control exercise period and following the final cumulative dosage. On the higher regimen, amlodipine significantly reduced resting systolic, diastolic and mean (p less than 0.01) systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index (p less than 0.01). Heart rate (p less than 0.01), stroke volume index (p less than 0.01) and cardiac index (p less than 0.01) increased; pulmonary artery occluded pressure was unchanged. During constant load bicycle exercise, the mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01), and the heart rate and cardiac index increased (p less than 0.01). Thus the immediate impact of amlodipine in stable coronary artery disease was to reduce left ventricular afterload and augment cardiac pumping performance. The minimum effective i.v. dosage appeared to be 10 mg. Amlodipine appears sufficiently promising to warrant longer-term studies in ischaemic heart disease.
Dynamic Two-Axis Curvature Measurement using Multicore Fiber Bragg Gratings (2006)

Two-axis curvature measurement is presented using Bragg gratings in a four-core optical fiber. Dynamic differential strains between core pairs were measured using arrayed waveguide gratings to track arbitrary free vibration of a cantilever.
Micromachined silicon Generator for Harvesting Power from Vibrations (2004)

This paper describes the design, simulation and fabrication of an electromagnetic device for generating electrical energy from vibrations. A range of dimensions has been simulated using ANSYS in order to determine natural frequencies and material stresses. A 300µm wide paddle beam gives a natural frequency of 6.4 kHz for the mode of operation and induced stresses at maximum amplitudes are well within material limits. Ansoft's Maxwell 2D has been used to predict the voltages generated and an integrated electroplated coil of 71 turns produces 0.38V with no load. Devices are currently being fabricated and the process is described.
Adaptive Generalized Measurement for Unambiguous State Discrimination of Quaternary Phase-Shift-Keying Coherent States (2021)

Generalized quantum measurements identifying nonorthogonal states without ambiguity often play an indispensable role in various quantum applications. For such an unambiguous state-discrimination scenario, we have a finite probability of obtaining inconclusive results and minimizing the probability of inconclusive results is of particular importance. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an adaptive generalized measurement that can unambiguously discriminate the quaternary phase-shift-keying coherent states with a near-optimal performance. Our scheme is composed of displacement operations, singlephoton detections and adaptive control of the displacements dependent on a history of photon-detection outcomes. Our experimental results show a clear improvement of both a probability of conclusive results and a ratio of erroneous decision caused by unavoidable experimental imperfections over conventional static generalized measurements.
A Regional University-Industry Cooperation Research Based on Patent Data Analysis (2010)

Regional university-industry cooperation has been focused because it improves innovation ability of enterprises and regions. The paper uses regional patent data from 2001 to 2008 to measure regional university-industry cooperation. By carefully data disposition, we get patent data records representing regional university–industry collaboration. Through patent data analysis from different angles and comparison of geographic knowledge flows, this paper describes the situation of regional university-industry cooperation. Then social network analysis method is adopted to depict how universities, scientific research institutes and enterprises co-work to innovate. In virtue of the method, we acquire visualization of cooperation microstructure. Five kinds of sub cooperation network are distinguished to study the cooperation. These findings can be used to measure regional university-industry cooperation and put forward improving suggestions.
Real-Time Observation of Cuprates Structural Dynamics by Ultrafast Electron Crystallography (2010)

The phonon-mediated attractive interaction between carriers leads to the Cooper pair formation in conventional superconductors. Despite decades of research, the glue holding Cooper pairs in high-temperature superconducting cuprates is still controversial, and the same is true for the relative involvement of structural and electronic degrees of freedom. Ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC) offers, through observation of spatiotemporally resolved diffraction, the means for determining structural dynamics and the possible role of electron-lattice interaction. A polarized femtosecond (fs) laser pulse excites the charge carriers, which relax through electron-electron and electron-phonon couplings, and the consequential structural distortion is followed diffracting fs electron pulses. In this paper, the recent findings obtained on cuprates are summarized. In particular, we discuss the strength and symmetry of the directional electron-phonon coupling in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Bi</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Sr</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CaCu</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(BSCCO), as well as the c -axis structural instability induced by near-infrared pulses in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>La</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CuO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(LCO). The theoretical implications of these results are discussed with focus on the possibility of charge stripes being significant in accounting for the polarization anisotropy of BSCCO, and cohesion energy (Madelung) calculations being descriptive of the c -axis instability in LCO.
Cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic effects of intravenous infusions of the selective DA1 agonist, fenoldopam, used alone or in combination with dopamine and dobutamine. (1988)

Fenoldopam (0.1 and 0.2 microgram/kg/min i.v.) was administered to pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs alone and combined with dopamine (DA) and dobutamine. Renal blood flow, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were measured. Both dosages of fenoldopam increased renal blood flow without altering blood pressure, similar to the effects of DA (1 and 2 micrograms/kg/min). Administration of fenoldopam with only DA (1 microgram/kg/min) produced further increase in renal blood flow. After administration of phenoxybenzamine (15 mg/kg i.v.), DA produced significant increments in renal blood flow and reductions in renal vascular resistance when compared with experiments without phenoxybenzamine, suggesting even low dosages of DA exert alpha-adrenoceptor agonist activity. Dobutamine (2 and 4 micrograms/kg/min) increased renal blood flow about 37% of that produced by DA. Fenoldopam added to dobutamine produced similar increments in renal blood flow as DA. Fenoldopam did not affect the increase in cardiac contractile force produced by DA and dobutamine. Thus, fenoldopam alone or in combination with DA had no advantage over 2 and 4 micrograms/kg/min DA to further increase renal blood flow. In contrast, fenoldopam with dobutamine produced greater increments in cardiac contractile force than DA and equivalent increases in renal blood flow as DA.
Comparison of micro-CT imaging and histology for approximal caries detection (2017)

Histological sectioning is a generally accepted in vitro validation method for caries detection techniques. However, it requires cumbersome sample preparation and induces irreversible sample destruction. Micro-Computer Tomography (micro-CT) allows non-destructive imaging of tooth structure. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of histological sectioning and micro-CT imaging in detecting approximal carious lesions. Unlike previous studies, evaluation is objectified by comparing visual appearance of exactly corresponding anatomical regions. Sixty extracted human teeth were scanned with a desktop micro CT system. Axial histological slices were prepared and photographed. Sample preparation, combined with dedicated image processing, ensured selection of identical anatomical regions on radiographic and histological images. Evaluation of the presence and extent of carious lesions was performed by four dentists using custom-designed software. Each section was scored independently (histo or micro CT). Scores of approximal surfaces were retained for further analysis. Spearman's correlation coefficients (0.738 to 0.829, p < 0.0001) showed a good agreement between signs of carious lesions in the identical region obtained with both methods. Bland-Altman plots showed that 90.76% of the data points were within the limits of agreement. Micro-CT imaging was shown to provide an interesting alternative to histological sectioning as detection method for carious lesions.
Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score (2021)

Addiction is characterized by drug-craving, compulsive drug-taking, and relapse, and results from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Reward pathways play an important role in mediating drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors, and relapse. The objective of this study was to identify heroin addicts who carry specific genetic variants in their dopaminergic reward systems. A total of 326 heroin-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were recruited from the Addiction Center of the China Medical University Hospital. A heroin-use and craving questionnaire was used to evaluate the urge for heroin, the daily or weekly frequency of heroin usage, daily life disturbance, anxiety, and the ability to overcome heroin use. A general linear regression model was used to assess the associations of genetic polymorphisms in one's dopaminergic reward system with heroin-use and craving scores. Results: The most significant results were obtained for rs2240158 in <i>GRIN3B</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.021), rs3983721 in <i>GRIN3A</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.00326), rs2129575 in <i>TPH2</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033), rs6583954 in <i>CYP2C19</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033), and rs174699 in <i>COMT</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.036). These were all associated with heroin-using and craving scores with and without adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. We combined five variants, and the ensuing dose-response effect indicated that heroin-craving scores increased with the numbers of risk alleles (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.0008). These findings will likely help us to understand the genetic mechanism of craving, which will help in predicting the risk of relapse in clinical practice and the potential for therapies to target craving in heroin addiction.
A 4-DOF Robot for Positioning Ultrasound Imaging Catheters (2015)

In this paper we present the design, fabrication, and testing of a robot for automatically positioning ultrasound imaging catheters. Our system will point ultrasound (US) catheters to provide real-time imaging of anatomical structures and working instruments during minimally invasive surgeries. Manually navigating US catheters is difficult and requires extensive training in order to aim the US imager at desired targets. Therefore, a four DOF robotic system was developed to automatically navigate US imaging catheters for enhanced imaging. A rotational transmission enables three DOF for pitch, yaw, and roll of the imager. This transmission is translated by the fourth DOF. An accuracy analysis was conducted to calculate the maximum allowable joint motion error. Rotational joints must be accurate to within 1.5° and the translational joint must be accurate within 1.4 mm. Motion tests were then conducted to validate the accuracy of the robot. The average resulting errors in positioning of the rotational joints were measured to be 0.28°-0.38° with average measured backlash error 0.44°. Average translational positioning and backlash errors were measured to be significantly lower than the reported accuracy of the position sensor. The resulting joint motion errors were well within the required specifications for accurate robot motion. Such effective navigation of US imaging catheters will enable better visualization in various procedures ranging from cardiac arrhythmia treatment to tumor removal in urological cases.
Pseurotin, a New Metabolite of Pseudeurotium ovalis STOLK Having an Unusual Hetero‐Spirocyclic System. (Preliminary Communication) (1976)

Abstract The structure and absolute configuration of pseurotin ( 1 ), a new metabolite, isolated from culture filtrates of Pseudeurotium ovalis S TOLK ( Ascomycetes ), has been shown to be 2‐[1′(S), 2′ (S)‐dihydroxhex‐3′‐ene‐yl]‐3‐methyl‐8(S)‐methoxy‐8‐benzoyl‐9(R)‐hydroxy‐(5S)‐1‐oxa‐7‐aza‐spiro[4.4]non‐2‐ene‐4, 6‐dione ( 1 ), by spectral data and chemical transformations, and by X‐ray analysis of its dibromo derivative 2 [1].
An intron in the thymidylate synthase gene of Bacillus bacteriophage beta 22: evidence for independent evolution of a gene, its group I intron, and the intron open reading frame. (1994)

The thymidylate synthase gene (thy) (EC 2.1.1.45) of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage beta 22 has a self-splicing, group I intron inserted into a highly conserved region of the coding sequence. The intron is very similar to one that is inserted 21 bp further downstream in the homologous thymidylate synthase gene (td) of Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4. In contrast, the amino acid sequences of the bacteriophage thymidylate synthases are highly divergent. The beta 22 intron has a fragmentary open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a putative helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif, similar to one at the carboxyl terminus of the homing endonuclease (I-TevI) encoded by the T4 td intron. The td ORF and the thy ORF fragments are inserted into different regions of their respective intron structures. These results suggest that the thymidylate synthase genes, their introns, and their respective intron-ORFs all have separate evolutionary histories and that the acquisition of the intron could not have occurred by a simple homing event.
Lichen Planopilaris in the Androgenetic Alopecia Area: A Pitfall for Hair Transplantation (2015)

Subtle or focal cases of LPP may be missed for seborrheic dermatitis when overlapping with AGA. Dermatoscopy-guided biopsy from the affected scalp is the best approach to make a timely diagnosis. This is particularly important in patients with AGA evaluated to undergo hair transplantation, as active LPP is a contraindication for these patients.
Research on the Electric Breakdown of Fully Impregnated Paper Insulation for High-Voltage Cables [includes discussion] (1955)

Research on the dielectric strength of high-voltage cables can be very conveniently carried out on "models". Either plate or cylindrical capacitors can be used for this purpose. This paper reports the results of many tests both at power frequency and at impulse, which have the purpose of investigating the separate and combined influence of a series of different factors affecting the dielectric strength of a fully impregnated paper insulation as used in high-voltage cables. The main factors investigated are the following: Paper impermeability, Paper density, Paper thickness, Oil viscosity, Oil pressure, Electrode surface shape, Electrode surface nature, Butt-space thickness, Butt-space position with respect to electrodes. Butt-space relative position. The paper ends with a comparison of results obtained on models and on actual oil-filled cables, which show a good agreement if certain assumptions are taken into consideration.
Electrophoretic methods for separation of nanoparticles (2009)

This article reviews progress in the application of electrophoretic techniques for the separation of nanoparticles. Numerous types of nanoparticles have recently been synthesised and integrated into different products and procedures. Consequently, analytical methods for the efficient characterisation of nanoparticles are now required. Several studies have revealed that gel electrophoresis can readily be used for separating nanoparticles according to their size or shape. However, many other studies focused on separation of nanoparticles by CE. In some cases nanoparticles could be separated by CZE, simply using pure buffer as the BGE. In other studies, buffer additives (most often SDS) were used, enabling fast separations of metallic nanoparticles by size. Other CE methods also allowed for separation of nanoparticle conjugates with biomolecules. Dielectrophoresis is yet another electrophoretic technique useful in separation and characterisation of nanoparticles; particularly nanotubes. Detection methods often used after electrophoretic separation include UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Examples of recent and relevant older reports are presented here. The authors conclude that electrophoretic methods for nanoanalysis can provide inexpensive and efficient tools for quality assurance and safety control; and as a consequence, they can augment transfer of nanotechnologies from research to industry.
Towards the control of power dissipation through the use of many-body Coulomb correlations (2012)

Power dissipation constitutes a major constriction in modern and future nanoelectronic design [1]. In this context, predictive models elucidating new criterions to control Joule heating would be valuable. In this work we reveal how an accurate formulation of the many-body Coulomb correlations among carriers can lead to new perspectives on the design of power-optimized electron devices. In particular, we show that for a ballistic semi-classical system the rate at which carriers gain (or loose) kinetic energy is a function of carrier-carrier correlations and differs in general from the expected value (I)· (ΔV).
A rare case of spontaneous rupture of epithelioid angiomyolipoma (2021)

A male patient, 40 years of age, arrived at our Institute with diffuse abdominal tenderness, right flank pain, hematuria and early stage of hemorrhagic shock with anemia and initial hypotension. The immediate clinical history revealed no significant previous trauma, only subsequently was reported inconstant pain in the right flank for 4-5 days with pallor and asthenia, signs and symptoms that the patient had not investigated. Abdominal CT scan with angiographic evaluation was performed showing right kidney mass and perirenal fluid collection by blood component. Immediate nephrectomy was performed and histopathological and further immunohistochemical study, revealed the epithelioid variant of angiomyolipoma.
AUTOMATED VEHICLE SYSTEM USING BOTH A COMPUTER VISION AND MAGNETIC FIELD SENSORS (1993)

This paper describes an integrated sensing system which consists of a computer vision and magnetic field sensors with inductive cable. A new image processing technique based on a template matching algorithm is developed. This algorithm takes into account not only measurements of magnetic field sensors, but it also proposes knowledge of road structures. The road curvature can be estimated accurately from the detected lane boundaries and vehicle yaw angle.