gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Presence of a Cytochrome P450-like Protein in the Human Intestinal Microflora Eubacterium aerofaciens (2001)

Eighteen human intestinal microbial strains were tested for the presence of cytochrome P450, an enzyme involved in detoxifying and toxifying various xenobiotics. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to amplify conserved regions within the gene. From the human intestinal microflora Eubacterium aerofaciens, a DNA fragment of the expected size could be amplified, for which a percentage homology of 20% was determined. Southern blot analysis, using Pseudomonas putida P450 CAM probes, showed reactions with probes at 45 and 55°C. The carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum produced a P450-like profile for E. aerofaciens, similar to P. putida P450 CAM. The presence of cytochrome P450 in human intestinal flora may influence the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450s.
Estrogen Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 1B1 Modulates the Hypertensive Effect of Angiotensin II in Female Mice (2014)

To determine the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 in the sex difference in response to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, female Cyp1b1(+/+) and Cyp1b1(-/-) mice were infused with Ang II (700 ng/kg per minute) or vehicle with or without ovariectomy. In addition, mice were treated with the CYP1B1 inhibitor, 2,3',4,5'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS; 300 μg/kg IP, every third day), and 17-β estradiol metabolites, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE), 4-OHE, or 2-methoxyestradiol (1.5 mg/kg per day IP, for 2 weeks) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured. Ang II increased SBP more in Cyp1b1(-/-) than in Cyp1b1(+/+) mice (119±3-171±11 versus 120±4-149±4 mm Hg; P<0.05). Ang II caused cardiovascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular reactivity and oxidative stress in Cyp1b1(-/-) but not in Cyp1b1(+/+)mice. The Ang II-induced increase in SBP was enhanced by ovariectomy and TMS in Cyp1b1(+/+) but not in Cyp1b1(-/-) mice. 2-OHE did not alter Ang II-induced increase in SBP in Cyp1b1(+/+) mice but minimized it in Cyp1b1(-/-) mice, whereas 4-OHE enhanced Ang II-induced increase in SBP in Cyp1b1(+/+) mice but did not alter the increased SBP in Cyp1b1(-/-) mice. 2-OHE-derived catechol-O-methyltransferase metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol, inhibited Ang II-induced increase in SBP in Cyp1b1(-/-) mice. Ang II increased plasma levels of 2-methoxyestradiol in Cyp1b1(+/+) but not in Cyp1b1(-/-) mice and increased activity of cardiac extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated kinase, c-Src, and Akt in Cyp1b1(-/-) but not in Cyp1b1(+/+) mice. These data suggest that CYP1B1 protects against Ang II-induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular changes in female mice, most likely mediated by 2-methoxyestradiol-inhibiting oxidative stress and the activity of these signaling molecules.
Comparative Studies of Torque Performance Improvement for Different Doubly Salient Synchronous Reluctance Machines by Current Harmonic Injection (2018)

A total of three types of doubly salient synchronous reluctance machines have been comparatively studied to improve the torque performance using current harmonic injection methods. These machines are derived from the switched reluctance machines (SRMs) with different winding configurations, such as the double/single-layer mutually coupled SRMs (MCSRMs) and fully pitched SRMs (FPSRMs), by supplying them with sinewave current. Such current supply mode can lead to higher torque/power density and lower vibrations and acoustic noise compared with the conventional rectangular current supply. The proposed torque analytical model can predict the instantaneous torque of the doubly salient SRMs with sinewave current excitation and the current harmonics also can be selected in order to reduce the torque ripple and/or increase the average torque. It has been found that the third current harmonic injection shows the best performance for single-layer MCSRMs and FPSRMs because it improves the average torque and reduces the torque ripple at the same time. However, it has little influence on doubly-layer MCSRMs. To improve the torque performance of such machines, other harmonic currents, e.g., fifth and seventh, need to be used. Both static and dynamic tests have been carried out to validate the predictions.
A New Class of Symmetric Bisbenzimidazole-Based DNA Minor Groove-Binding Agents Showing Antitumor Activity (2000)

The synthesis and evaluation of the novel head-to-head bisbenzimidazole compound 2,2-bis[4'-(3' '-dimethylamino-1' '-propyloxy)phenyl]-5,5-bi-1H-benzimidazole is described. An X-ray crystallographic study of a complex with the DNA dodecanucleotide sequence d(CGCGAATTCGCG) shows the compound bound in the A/T minor groove region of a B-DNA duplex and that the head-to-head bisbenzimidazole motif hydrogen-bonds to the edges of all four consecutive A:T base pairs. The compound showed potent growth inhibition with a mean IC(50) across an ovarian carcinoma cell line panel of 0.31 microM, with no significant cross-resistance in two acquired cisplatin-resistant cell lines and a low level of cross-resistance in the P-glycoprotein overexpressing acquired doxorubicin-resistant cell line. Studies with the hollow fiber assay and in vivo tumor xenografts showed some evidence of antitumor activity.
Absidia sp. in the Chinese Starter (Nuruk) in Korea (1990)

Chinese starters, "Nuruk", which were made in Korea, were collected as samples for isolating
Thermodynamics of Materials Edited by David V. Ragone (1997)

Abstract
Exploiting Structural Information for Drug-Target Assessment (2014)

The amount of known protein structures is continuously growing, exhibited in over 95,000 3D structures freely available via the PDB. Over the last decade, pharmaceutical research has sparked interest in computationally extracting information from this large data pool, resulting in a homology-driven knowledge transfer from annotated to new structures. Studying protein structures with respect to understanding and modulating their functional behavior means analyzing their centers of action. Therefore, the detection and description of potential binding sites on the protein surface is a major step towards protein classification and assessment. Subsequently, these representations can be incorporated to compare proteins, and to predict their druggability or function. Especially in the context of target identification and polypharmacology, automated tools for large-scale target comparisons are highly needed. In this article, developments for automated structure-based target assessment are reviewed and remaining challenges as well as future perspectives are discussed.
Optical, electrical, and structural properties of amorphous Ag–Ge–S and Ag–Ge–Se films and comparison of photoinduced and thermally induced phenomena of both systems (1996)

To understand the nature of Ag-rich chalcogenide glasses, the optical, electrical, and structural properties of evaporated amorphous (Ge0.3S0.7)100−xAgx and (Ge0.3Se0.7)100−yAgy films have been examined and compared with each other over a wide compositional range in Ag content. The maximum Ag content for the amorphous films was 67 at. % for the S-based system and 40 at. % for the Se-based system. The physical properties of both systems depended significantly on the Ag content but the compositional trends resembled each other. All the photoinduced and thermally induced phenomena observed for the S-based system were also observed for the Se-based system but with the compositional ranges shifted to lower Ag concentration: the photo- and thermal bleachings (0≤y&amp;lt;22 for the Se-based system, 0≤x&amp;lt;40 for the S-based system), the photoinduced surface deposition (PSD) of metallic Ag phenomenon, and the phase separation on annealing (25&amp;lt;y≤40, 50&amp;lt;x≤67). The Se-based system was found to exhibit the PSD phenomenon at low Ag concentrations where the S-based system never exhibits this effect.
Intercomparison of biogeochemical sensors at ocean observatories. (2008)

This report gives an overview of the current state of the art in biogeochemical sensing, reviews user experience of systems, summarises efforts to provide quality assessment and control, and makes recommendation for the use and development of technology for this application.
Aryl acyl peroxides for visible-light induced decarboxylative arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under additive-, metal catalyst-, and external photosensitizer-free and ambient conditions (2020)

Aryl radicals were generated for the first time from aryl acyl peroxides in ethyl acetate under ambient conditions and visible-light illumination in the absence of any additive, metal catalyst, or external photosensitizer.
Structure and Properties of Transition‐Metal Complexes with Chiral C2‐symmetric binucleating ligands (1998)

Abstract The coordination behavior of chiral binucleating ligands of type 1 – 4 with various transition metals has been investigated. 1 H‐NMR Titration experiments with zinc(II) salts gave detailed structural information about the structure of the resulting zinc complexes. Ligand 1 forms an unusual C 3 ‐symmetric dinuclear zinc complex [Zn 2 CIL 3 ] ( 8a ) which was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Treatment of complex 8a with various carboxylic acids resulted in ligand‐exchange reactions. With ligand 2 , a hydroxo‐bridged dinuclear copper complex 15 was synthesized and its structure elucidated by X‐ray analysis. Solution studies UV and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy of the reaction of ligand 3 with Zn II and N II salts revealed the formation of dimeric species of the type [M 2 X 4 L 2 ]. Ligand 4 formed well‐defined dinuclear complexes with Ni II and Cu II salts of which the corresponding Ni II complex [Ni 2 (AcO) 2 (ClO 4 ) 2 L] ( 22a ) was characterized by crystal‐structure analysis.
Load adaptive, high efficiency, switched capacitor intermediate bus converter (2007)

A new non-isolated Intermediate Bus Converter is proposed using a divide-by-4 switched capacitor network. A load adaptive scheme is designed that maximizes the efficiency for all load currents. Detailed analysis using steady-state charge transfer is provided with a static charge constraint concept for degenerate switched capacitor networks. Simple average models for output impedance, capacitor and switch RMS currents, and efficiency are defined. A bus stability criterion is established, and a novel current splitting technique is introduced that reduces the capacitors' RMS currents. A 300 W 48 V to 12 V prototype is designed using a provided efficiency-specified design procedure that achieves 96%-97% over the full range of load current, 1 A-25 A.
From Segregation to Intercalation in Smectic Organization of Polar Non-Symmetric Dimesogens (1997)

We report on the synthesis and structural properties of new polar non symmetric dimesogens constituted of two different mesogenic units linked by a flexible spacer. The influence of the spacer length is investigated. Unlike our previous studies, the molecular architecture has been designed to stabilize smectic phases and we show that the structural properties bear strong similarity with the well-known behaviour of polar smectics. We conclude that these new systems are governed by a physics of frustration dominated by the competition between incommensurate microscopic lengths. One important novelty is that the coupling strength can be chemically adjusted via the spacer length.
High-rate quantum key distribution over 100 km using ultra-low-noise, 2-GHz sinusoidally gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (2011)

We have demonstrated quantum key distribution (QKD) over 100 km using single-photon detectors based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs). We implemented the differential phase shift QKD (DPS-QKD) protocol with electrically cooled and 2-GHz sinusoidally gated APDs. The single-photon detector has a dark count probability of 2.8 × 10(-8) (55 counts per second) with a detection efficiency of 6 %, which enabled us to achieve 24 kbit/s secure key rate over 100 km of optical fiber. The DPS-QKD system offers better performances in a practical way than those achieved using superconducting single-photon detectors. Moreover, the distance that secure keys against the general individual attacks can be distributed has been extended to 160 km.
Electron backscattering diffraction study of coalesced bainite in high strength steel weld metals (2008)

Coalesced bainite is a coarse constituent recently found to develop along with the classical martensite, lower and upper bainite in steel weld metals. Its crystallography has been characterised using electron backscattering diffraction in combination with field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. It is confirmed that coalesced bainite grains are crystallographically homogeneous but do contain orientation gradients. The misorientations across different grains of coalesced bainite and relative to conventional bainite have also been studied. The observations are discussed in the context of the mechanism by which coalesced bainite evolves.
The Use of Redox Mediators for Enhancing Utilization of Li2S Cathodes for Advanced Li–S Battery Systems (2014)

The development of Li2S electrodes is a crucial step toward industrial manufacturing of Li-S batteries, a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries due to their projected two times higher specific capacity. However, the high voltages needed to activate Li2S electrodes, and the consequent electrolyte solution degradation, represent the main challenge. We present a novel concept that could make feasible the widespread application of Li2S electrodes for Li-S cell assembly. In this concept, the addition of redox mediators as additives to the standard electrolyte solution allows us to recover most of Li2S theoretical capacity in the activation cycle at potentials as low as 2.9 VLi, substantially lower than the typical potentials >4 VLi needed with standard electrolyte solution. Those novel additives permit us to preserve the electrolyte solution from being degraded, allowing us to achieve capacity as high as 500 mAhg(-1)Li2S after 150 cycles with no major structural optimization of the electrodes.
Anisotropic light scattering by flowing flexible macromolecules (1959)

Abstract The dityndallism (anisotropic light scattering upon orientation or deformation of molecules or particles) to be expected from flexible macromolecules deformed in laminar flow is calculated for all angles of observation of practical interest. The model used is based on the assumption that the deformed molecule can be approximated by a statistical spheroid. The hydrodynamic part of the theory is based upon a treatment already published, while the optical part of the theory is based upon Rayleigh's treatment of spheroids, considering in addition its unpublished recent extension by Stevenson. Numerical evaluation of the equations arrived at lead to the expectation that dityndallism can give quantitative information on the shape of flexible macromolecules whose degree of swelling is known, or on the degree or swelling of macromolecules whose statistical shape is known.
Operation of multi-phase converters with coupled inductors at reduced numbers of phases (2011)

In this paper multi-phase converters with coupled inductors are analyzed when operated with reduced number of phases. An n-phase magnetic equivalent circuit model is used to show the influence of the total output current on the additional leakage inductance caused by the reduced number of phases. The analysis shows that the output current ripple is significantly reduced at light load conditions leading to reduced power losses in the converter. A converter operation with reduced number of phases can be realized and hence a fault tolerant system with coupled inductors can be achieved. FEM simulations are used to visualize the flux density in the core and to verify the theoretical predictions. A full size prototype converter with coupled inductors has been built and tested to show the converter operation with reduced number of phases. Measurements confirm the theoretical predictions very well.
Hybrid poly(ether ether ketone) composites reinforced with a combination of carbon fibres and graphene nanoplatelets (2019)

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), with its superb mechanical properties, excellent chemical resistance and high thermo-oxidative stability is one of the most important engineering thermoplastics for high-end applications. In this work, we investigate the elastic and viscoelastic properties along with the creep mitigation of two sets of samples: PEEK reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and PEEK reinforced with a hybrid graphene/short carbon fibre (CF) filler. The melt viscosity of the PEEK nanocomposites was found to increase with increasing GNPs content; however, the viscosity of the hybrid CF-GNP samples with the highest filler content was equal to the one of the samples filled only with GNPs at low shear rates. This processability shows the advantage of GNPs over other nano and conventional fillers in the ability to use meaningful loadings. The introduction of GNPs improved significantly the stiffness and the storage modulus of the materials in both PEEK-GNP and PEEK-CF-GNP composites. Moreover, the presence of GNPs within the composites led to a restriction of the mobility of the macromolecular chains of PEEK, which resulted in enhanced creep properties at both room temperature and elevated temperatures. Overall, the nanocomposites produced displayed properties that make them attractive in applications where high stiffness and structural integrity at elevated temperatures are required.
Integrated Hierarchical Carbon Flake Arrays with Hollow P‐Doped CoSe2 Nanoclusters as an Advanced Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn–Air Batteries (2018)

Abstract Hierarchical nanostructured architectures are demonstrated as an effective approach to develop highly active and bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are urgently required for efficient rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, a mesoporous hierarchical flake arrays (FAs) structure grown on flexible carbon cloth, integrated with the microsized nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐doped C) FAs, nanoscaled P‐doped CoSe 2 hollow clusters and atomic‐level P‐doping (P‐CoSe 2 /N‐C FAs) is described. The P‐CoSe 2 /N‐C FAs thus developed exhibit a reduced overpotential (≈230 mV at 10 mA cm −2 ) toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and large half‐wave potential (0.87 V) for oxygen reduction reactions. The excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance is ascribed to the synergy among the hierarchical flake arrays controlled at both micro‐ and nanoscales, and atomic‐level P‐doping. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the free energy for the potential‐limiting step is reduced by P‐doping for OER. An all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery made of the P‐CoSe 2 /N‐C FAs as the air‐cathode presents excellent cycling stability and mechanical flexibility, demonstrating the great potential of the hierarchical P‐CoSe 2 /N‐C FAs for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysis.
Alternating copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide catalyzed by noncyclopentadienyl rare‐earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes (2008)

Abstract The syntheses of several dialkyl complexes based on rare‐earth metal were described. Three β‐diimine compounds with varying N ‐aryl substituents (HL 1 =(2‐CH 3 O(C 6 H 4 ))NC(CH 3 )CHC(CH 3 )NH(2‐CH 3 O(C 6 H 4 )), HL 2 = (2,4,6‐(CH 3 ) 3 (C 6 H 2 ))NC(CH 3 )CHC(CH 3 )NH(2,4,6‐(CH 3 ) 3 (C 6 H 2 )), HL 3 = PhNC(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 ) NHPh) were treated with Ln(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 3 (THF) 2 to give dialkyl complexes L 1 Ln (CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 (Ln = Y ( 1a ), Lu ( 1b ), Sc ( 1c )), L 2 Ln(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 (THF) (Ln = Y ( 2a ), Lu ( 2b )), and L 3 Lu(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 (THF) (3). All these complexes were applied to the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide as single‐component catalysts. Systematic investigation revealed that the central metal with larger radii and less steric bulkiness were beneficial for the copolymerization of CHO and CO 2 . Thus, methoxy‐modified β‐diiminato yttrium bis(alkyl) complex 1a , L 1 Y(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 , was identified as the optimal catalyst, which converted CHO and CO 2 to polycarbonate with a TOF of 47.4 h −1 in 1,4‐dioxane under a 15 bar of CO 2 atmosphere ( T p =130 °C), representing the highest catalytic activity achieved by rare‐earth metal catalyst. The resultant copolymer contained high carbonate linkages (&gt;99%) with molar mass up to 1.9 × 10 4 as well as narrow molar mass distribution ( M w / M n = 1.7). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6810–6818, 2008
Approach to recovery of fatigue damage for copper film by pulsed laser irradiation (2013)

Based on pulsed laser irradiation processing, an approach to the recovery of fatigue damage was investigated by an excimer laser for copper film with thickness of 25 μm. First, optimal parameters of laser irradiation were identified by the obtained fatigue life results under different laser treatment conditions. Then, the specimens with different amounts of fatigue damage were treated by the obtained optimal laser parameters. The results showed that the copper film can show a good degree of hardening and a smooth surface feature after the specimen surface was slightly melted by the laser irradiation, which makes the residual fatigue life be extended. When fatigue damage is less than 70%, the damage can be recovered by pulsed laser irradiation treatment. The obtained residual fatigue life of specimens is about 6 times that of no laser treatment.
Planar Nets of Ti Atoms Comprising Squares and Rhombs in the New Binary Antimonide Ti2Sb (2004)

The new binary antimonide Ti(2)Sb was found to crystallize in a distorted variant of the La(2)Sb type, which contains a square planar La net with short La-La bonds. In the Ti(2)Sb structure, the corresponding Ti net is deformed to squares and rhombs in order to enhance Ti-Ti bonding, as proven by single-crystal X-ray investigation in combination with the real-space pair distribution function technique utilizing both X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. Electronic structure calculations revealed a lowering of the total energy caused by the disorder, the major driving force being strengthened Ti-Ti interactions along the diagonal of the Ti(4) rhombs.