gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for automatic localization, identification, and segmentation of vertebral bodies in volumetric MR images (2015)

This paper proposes an automatic method for vertebra localization, labeling, and segmentation in multi-slice Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Prior work in this area on MR images mostly requires user interaction while our method is fully automatic. Cubic intensity-based features are extracted from image voxels. A deep learning approach is used for simultaneous localization and identification of vertebrae. The localized points are refined by local thresholding in the region of the detected vertebral column. Thereafter, a statistical multi-vertebrae model is initialized on the localized vertebrae. An iterative Expectation Maximization technique is used to register the vertebral body of the model to the image edges and obtain a segmentation of the lumbar vertebral bodies. The method is evaluated by applying to nine volumetric MR images of the spine. The results demonstrate 100% vertebra identification and a mean surface error of below 2.8 mm for 3D segmentation. Computation time is less than three minutes per high-resolution volumetric image.
Remarques sur la codification du droit de la consommation. (1994)

International audience
An overview of irrigation system performance on the island of Malta (2005)

The island of Malta has a typical Mediterranean climate with an annual precipitation of&#13;\ncirca 500mm spreading over the October to March period. The semi arid environment has always&#13;\nprovoked the indigenous population to develop and adopt techniques that would maximise water&#13;\nharvesting and distribution efficiency. Within the nine year span (1991-2000), the agricultural land in&#13;\nMalta decreased by an estimated 1,164 hectares, reaching a total land base of 10,738 hectares.&#13;\nDespite this loss, the National Statistics Office registered an increase of 420 hectares in irrigated&#13;\nland. This could be interpreted as 1) water availability has increased or 2) efficiency in water&#13;\ndistribution has increased. Furthermore, protected cropping through the use of greenhouses and&#13;\ncloches equipped with drip irrigation systems are now increasing in use and popularity. The use of&#13;\ntreated sewage water was a key factor in stimulating agricultural development in the south region.&#13;\nIrrigation efficiency may be measured using a variety of indicators, such as: area under irrigation,&#13;\namount of produce marketed, volume of water storage, and deterioration of ground water resources.&#13;\nA review of irrigation under a Maltese context is presented.
Tri(quaternary ammonium) Surfactant with a Benzene Core as a Novel Template for Synthesis of Ordered Porous Silica (2010)

Abstract A novel rigid-core surfactant where three trimethylammonium heads are attached to a benzene core via flexible hydrocarbon chains was examined as a template for synthesizing ordered porous silica. A well-ordered 2D hexagonal silica structure with relatively small pores was generated owing to the formation of the stable mesophase where the surfactants were stacked to form cylindrical assemblies.
Surface-Micromachined Rectangular Micro-Coaxial Lines for Sub-Millimeter-Wave Applications (2016)

This letter describes the design, fabrication and characterization of surface micro-machined micro-coaxial transmission lines. The fabrication process relies on successive deposition of sacrificial polymer layers and metal electroplating. Transmission lines with a cross-section of 88 μm × 42 μm have been fabricated on a fused silica substrate, with various shapes. These lines are very well suited for applications above 50 GHz, where propagation in air minimizes both loss and dispersion. The measured lines have good performances with measured insertion losses of -0.33 dB/mm @ 127 GHz and return loss better than -15 dB.
New Macrocyclic Polyamines Containing Two Dansylamidoethyl Side Arms. (1999)

Abstract : Five new macrocyclic polyamine fluorophores containing two dansylamidoethyl side arms (3a-3e) have been prepared. As shown in Scheme 1, the appropriate macrocyclic polyamine (la-le) was treated with N-dansylaziridine in acetonitrile to form 3a-3e. The yields of the new fluorophores are given in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: (1,3‐DITHIOLAN‐2‐YL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM IODIDE, AN ELECTROPHILIC DITHIOLANYLATING REAGENT (1974)

Abstract Das mit Methyljodid aus 2‐Dimethylamino‐dithiolan entstandene Dithiolanylammoniumjodid (I) liefert mit den Aminen (II) die Dithiolane (III).
The Xenopus Oocyte as an Ectopic Expression System for the Selection of Protein Isoform-Specific Antibodies (1993)

A panel of Xenopus oocytes, each injected with cRNA coding for one specific isoform of the rat brain RCK family of voltage gated potassium channel proteins, was employed to screen for isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies. Several days after injection, cryosections of embedded oocytes were produced and were employed in immunohistochemical analysis of antibody binding. Of the advantageous properties of the assay, it employs the native antigen, it can be applied to homooligomeric and heterooligomeric proteins, and cryosections of the same batch can be stored frozen for later tests. The method may be advantageous also for the selection of isoform-specific antibodies of other protein families.
O1354 DISPLACED FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES: REPLACE! SOMETIMES FIX (2004)

Aims: To compare total hip arthroplasty (THA) and internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures. Methods: Patients, 75 years or older, including those with mental impairment, were randomized to either internal fixation or cemented primary total THA. A total of 146 hips in 143 patients were followed for two years. After one year 23% had died, and after two years 29%. Mortality was about the same in both groups. The accumulated mortality was pronounced among the mentally impaired patients. Results: In the internal fixation group, 44% underwent further surgery. In the THA group, 18% dislocated. The dislocation rate was higher for the mentally impaired patients. The Harris hip scores were higher in the THA group. Pain was more common in the internal fixation group. A subgroup of 100 patients was included in a study concerning nutritional status and functional capacity. The THA group fared better concerning weight change over time, locomotion and pain. The nutritional intervention did not show any measurable effects. All patients were followed until two years postoperatively and all fracture-related hospital costs, including reoperations, were calculated. We found no difference in total costs between the treatment groups. Costs to the municipality were calculated comparing the baseline cost before surgery with the average cost per month during the first postoperative year. No difference was found between the treatment groups. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we recommend arthroplasty for patients in this age group with normal mental function and high functional demands. When in doubt, an arthroplasty should be generously considered.
Implementation of a terrestrial return channel for digital interactive video broadcast (1997)

The paper discusses the implementation of a narrowband return channel via a terrestrial UHF transmission from a user Set Top Box (STB) back to the broadcaster in order to provide interactive TV. The design must be capable of overcoming the severe variation in traffic requirements between dense urban environments and rural areas. The solution, which was developed as part of the ACTS INTERACT project, is a system based on a Synchronous FDMA (SFDMA) modulation scheme and allocates the transmission into frequency and time slots. This modulation scheme has been shown to offer improved performance and capacity in the presence of high user density and background noise, whilst restricting the broadcast to a 1MHz bandwidth within the UHF broadcast band. A demonstration system has been developed in order to verify the technical principles and practicality of the final operational system and this system is also described in the paper.
The Alaska Salmon Fishery: (1995)

Historically, the Alaska salmon industry has been a model of success. Years ago, when historical stocks were diminishing, salmon habitats were saved and salmon populations were increased through the world's most productive hatchery system. In 1993, the Alaska salmon harvest reached a historic high. However, in the same year, real salmon prices continued their five-year decline and ended at all-time lows. Success in regulating supply has been offset by a near complete disregard for the growing competition from farmed fish and for changing demand patterns. Today, the Alaska salmon industry desperately needs innovations in demand-related fields such as product design, quality control, marketing, and so forth. Without an increased awareness of competition and the changing consumer, the Alaska salmon industry will continue to see continued industry hardship and more decreasing profits than it ever imagined possible just a few years ago.
Spin effects in organic optoelectronic devices (Presentation Video) (2013)

Several important developments in the field of Organic Spintronics and magnetic field effect in organic optoelectronic devices will be surveyed and discussed. Organic Spintronics: We demonstrated spin organic light emitting diodes using two FM injecting electrodes, where the electroluminescence depends on the mutual orientation of the electrode magnetization directions. This development has opened up research studies into organic spin-valves in the space-charge limited current regime. Spin effects in organic photovoltaic solar cells: We demonstrated that spin 1/2 radical additives to donor-acceptor (D-A) blends improve the power conversion efficiency via resonant spin-spin interaction between the radicals and charge-transfer excitons at the D-A interfaces.
Viral inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis: interference with the synthesis of functionally active T cell growth factor (TCGF) activity and reversal of inhibition by the addition of same. (1983)

We have investigated the mechanisms whereby co-incubation of several types of virus particles with human lymphoid cells in the presence of T cell lectins leads to inhibition of the proliferative response that otherwise ensues. The data indicate that, in the absence of infection, such inhibition can be reversed by the addition to cultures of relatively high concentrations of fluids rich in T cell growth factor (TCGF) activity. The ability of these fluids to achieve such reversal of inhibition is both concentration- and time-dependent. Addition of the factor to virus co-incubated cells more than 26 hr after culture initiation does not restore responsiveness. We have also shown that virus co-incubated cultures are deficient with respect to their ability to synthesize detectable levels of TCGF activity in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. In contrast, the use of relatively dilute virus preparations (less than 10 particles per cell) permits partial responsiveness to lectin as well as the synthesis of moderate levels of TCGF. These finding suggest that viral inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis is mediated directly or indirectly by interference with the synthesis of functionally active TCGF activity.
Monolithic Integration of Ultrafast Photodetector and MESFET in the GaN Material System (2011)

We have fabricated and characterized ultrafast metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors integrated with metal–semiconductor–field-effect-transistors (MESFETs) integrated in coplanar strip lines in the GaN/AlN/SiC material system. We recorded electrical transients of the single photodetector as short as 0.9 ps wide by optoelectric pump–probe measurements using 360-nm-wavelength and 100-fs-duration laser pulses. Electric photoresponse transients of the photodetector with 6-mV peak amplitude were amplified by the MESFET, resulting in 4-ps-wide and 35-mV peak amplitude signals. This monolithically integrated optoelectronic circuit is presented as a potential candidate for high-speed ultraviolet optoelectronics. <?Pub _bookmark="" Command="[Quick Mark]"?>
Resonant Network Design Method to Reduce Influence of Mutual Inductance between Receivers in Multi-Output Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2020)

Many studies have been conducted on multi-output systems that transfer power to multiple receivers in conventional planar-type wireless power transfer (WPT) systems; however, few studies and analyses have taken into account the mutual inductance between receivers in multi-output omnidirectional WPT systems. In this paper, the correlation between the mutual inductance between receivers and the power transfer efficiency (PTE) in a multi-output omnidirectional WPT system is analyzed, and a limitation in terms of a reduction in the PTE with an increase in the influence of the mutual inductance between the receivers is presented. To solve this problem, a resonant network design method is proposed to reduce the influence of mutual inductance between receivers, and appropriate canceling capacitor values are selected using the weighted sum method among multi-objective optimization methods. The proposed method is through simulations and experiments, and it presents the potential for improvement in the problems that occur when transferring power to multiple receivers.
A Transmissible Disease of Helminthosporium Victoriae - Evidence For A Viral Etiology (2018)

Helminthosporium victoriae was first described in 1946 as the causal agent of Victoria blight of oats. It proved to be a highly specialized pathogen since it inflicts its damage on only those oat varieties with the Victoria-type of resistance to crown rust Puccinia coronata. The disease caused by H. victoriae rose to epidemic proportions in 1947 and 1948 and caused serious reduction in yields in most oat-growing regions of the US The 145S virus is probably a multicomponent virus based on the multiplicity of density components resolved in CsCl gradients and the isolation of four distinct double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) components. The relatedness of the dsRNA components of the 145S virus needs to be investigated. It is not known whether the multiple components of dsRNA represent a segmented genome or whether one or more of these components are satellites or deletion mutants.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Global Evaluation of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies EphA4 as an Inhibitor of Cell Migration and Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 39K, EPHA4 effect on other EPHs and EFNs.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 5 from Randomized Phase Ib/II Trial of Rilotumumab or Ganitumab with Panitumumab versus Panitumumab Alone in Patients with Wild-type <i>KRAS</i> Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 38K, Supplemental Fig. S5. The effect of baseline IGF and IGF-related protein expression on objective response rate.&lt;/p&gt;
Revised colour‐appearance model for related and unrelated colours (1991)

Abstract To provide a more realistic balance between the relative contributions from cones and rods to the achromatic signal, at various levels of adaptation, revisions have been made to a previously published model of colour vision. Visual areas denoted as the adapting field, the surround, the background, and the proximal field have also been defined. Several minor changes have also been made to make the model more convenient to use. The steps required in using the model are described, and worked examples are included for both related and unrelated colours. For related colours, the differences between the original and revised models are fairly small in the results obtained for samples viewed on grey, or typical average‐scene, backgrounds, at normal photopic levels of illumination, except for lightness and chroma; but for light and dark backgrounds, more wide‐spread changes occur. For unrelated colours, the revised model includes the Bezold‐Brücke dependence of hue on luminance. The predictions given by the model are compared to physiological and psychophysical experimental data.
La phase en imagerie cohérente : application au suréchantillonnage d'images RSO (Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture) (2009)

National audience
Gene Editing of the Human Pklr Gene in Human Hematopoietic Progenitors to Correct Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (2016)

Abstract Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) is a rare erythroid metabolic disease caused by mutations in the PKLR gene. This gene encodes the erythroid specific Pyruvate Kinase (RPK) enzyme, implying that this defective enzyme fails to produce normal levels of ATP and consequently, erythrocytes from PKD patients show an energetic imbalance. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy using gene editing will be the safest approach to treat PKD patients. However, its direct application in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is challenging. Different gene editing approaches are being explored to correct PKD, either by Knock-In of an optimized cDNA sequence in the first introns of the gene or by site-specific correction using ssODN. While Knock-In strategy will allow the treatment of most PKD mutations, an ssODN-mediated gene editing will correct specific PKD patient-mutations. In our Knock-In system, a recombination matrix carrying an exon 3-11 partial codon optimized version of RPK cDNA and a puromycin selection cassette is inserted in the second intron of the PKLR gene assisted by TALEN® nucleases. We have previously shown that this approach was effective to correct PKD phenotype in PKDiPSC lines. Here, we have tested the feasibility of our approach in hematopoietic progenitors. Thus, the therapeutic matrix together with specific TALEN® for the second intron of PKLR was electroporated in purified cord blood CD34+ from healthy donors. Cells were then expanded and puromycin selected to enrich the population for gene edited ones. Up to 96% of the colony forming units that survived the puromycin selection showed the specific integration of the donor cassette. After transplantation into immunodeficient NSG mice, a low though detectable percentage of gene edited cells was . Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 site-specific correction is being developed by combining guide RNAs directed against PKD patient's mutation and precise ssODN to restore RPK protein. Overall, our data show that gene editing in engraftable HPCs is feasible, although further improvements are needed to increase efficiency of this gene therapy appraoch prior to consider its therapeutic application in PKD patients. Disclosures Gouble: Cellectis: Employment. Galetto:Cellectis SA: Employment. Poirot:Cellectis: Employment.
Interactive Skill in Scrabble (2020)

An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that people sometimes take physical actions to make themselves more effective problem solvers. The task was to generate all possible words that could be formed from seven Scrabble letters. In one condition, participants could use their hands to manipulate the letters, and in another condition, they could not. Results show that more words were generated with physical manipulation than without. However, an interaction was obtained between the physical manipulation conditions and the specific letter sets chosen, indicating that physical manipulation helps more for generating words in some circumstances than in others. Overall, our findings can be explained in terms of an interactive search process in which external, physical activity effectively complements internal, cognitive activity. Within this framework, the interaction can be explained in terms of the relative difficulty of generating words from the letters given in the different sets.
Switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with a multimode fiber Bragg grating and photonic crystal fiber (2006)

In this letter, a simple switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The wavelengths are determined by a multimode fiber Bragg grating which has a wavelength separation of 0.8 nm. Five-wavelength operation at room temperature can be achieved by employing a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber to induce four-wave mixing effect. The proposed laser can operate either in a stable five-wavelength mode or wavelength switching modes by varying the states of polarizations of the laser cavity.
Nonlinear I-V Characteristics of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox Thin Films (1991)

The nonlinear I-V characteristics in magnetic fields of 100 nm-thick Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x films on MgO(100) substrates were measured. In addition to the published results on YBa 2 Cu 3 O x and Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O x , the present measurement suggests that nonlinear I-V characteristics of high- T c superconductors are universal and in agreement with a theoretical prediction based on a three-dimensional superconducting “vortex-glass” phase.
An Efficient OpenCL-Based Implementation of a SHA-3 Co-Processor on an FPGA-Centric Platform (2022)

This brief proposes and evaluates several OpenCL-based implementations of the Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) co-processor. These implementations are developed based on OpenCL optimization techniques and their impact on throughput and speedup are reported. The experimental results show that the proposed optimization techniques achieve a 310x speedup when compared to an unoptimized baseline implementation. Moreover, the best reported optimized SHA-3 co-processor achieves a 22.36 Gbps throughput, which is 2 times higher than the best previously published SHA-3 implemented using a high-level synthesis tool and even higher than the performance of most previously reported implementations developed using hardware description languages (HDLs). As a result, an efficient OpenCL-based SHA-3 co-processor suitable for FPGA platforms is proposed. To our knowledge, the reported SHA3 co-processor is the first OpenCL implementation targeting an FPGA-based edge computing platform.
Efficiency improvement of Doherty power amplifiers using supply switching and gate bias modulation (2014)

A new low cost efficiency improvement technique is proposed for Doherty power amplifiers (PA), which combines supply switching with typical load modulation. In addition, the technique employs gate bias modulation to provide gain and maximize efficiency. The proposed technique was investigated with a commercial prototype GaN PA. Measurement and simulation results for a 5 MHz LTE signal showed that the proposed technique significantly improved the average power-added efficiency (PAE) of Doherty PA to ~55 %.
Towards Efficient and Adaptable Monitoring of Softwarized Mobile Networks (2020)

We consider the problem of monitoring in the context of emerging and future mobile networks which are shaping up to feature diverse set of services composed of customized chains of virtual network functions (VNFs) realized over (edge) cloud environments. In such a setting, not only is monitoring a critical component for service quality assurance, but it also needs to be efficient, adaptable and flexible. Informed by the experience analyzing state-of-the-art management and orchestration (MANO) platforms and monitoring solutions for softwarized mobile networks, we present our monitoring system design termed PliMon that aims to meet the above requirements by exploiting diverse temporal variability characteristics across different metrics (measurement features) and VNFs, and by grouping such metrics into tiers based on their relative significance. Using an experimental testbed, we verify the hypothesis that different measurement features and VNFs exhibit diversity in their variability and crucially show substantial reduction in monitoring overhead compared to representative monitoring solution from the literature. Additionally, we integrate PliMon with OSM, a well known open source MANO platform, and demonstrate the salient aspects of our approach using the integrated PliMon-OSM system.