gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lane decoupling for improving the timing-error resiliency of wide-SIMD architectures (2012)

A significant portion of the energy dissipated in modern integrated circuits is consumed by the overhead associated with timing guardbands that ensure reliable execution. Timing speculation, where the pipeline operates at an unsafe voltage with any rare errors detected and resolved by the architecture, has been demonstrated to significantly improve the energy-efficiency of scalar processor designs. Unfortunately, applying the same timing-speculative approach to wide-SIMD architectures, such as those used in highly-efficient GPUs, may not provide similar gains. In this work, we make two important contributions. The first is a set of models describing a parametrized general error probability function that is based on measurements of a fabricated chip and the expected efficiency benefits of timing speculation in a SIMD context. The second contribution is a decoupled SIMD pipeline that more effectively utilizes timing speculation and recovery, when compared with a standard SIMD design that uses only conventional timing speculation. The proposed lane decoupling enables each SIMD lane to tolerate timing errors independent of other adjacent lanes, resulting in higher throughput and improved scalability. We validate our models and evaluate our design using a cycle-based GPU simulator, describe the conditions where efficiency improvements can be obtained, and explore the benefits of decoupling across a wide range of parameters. Our results show that timing speculation can achieve up to 10.3% improvement in efficiency.
Keyboard Reaction Force and Finger Flexor Electromyograms during Computer Keyboard Work (1996)

This study examines the relationship between forearm EMGs and keyboard reaction forces in 10 people during keyboard tasks performed at a comfortable speed. A linear fit of EMG force data for each person and finger was calculated during static fingertip loading. An average r2 of .71 was observed for forces below 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). These regressions were used to characterize EMG data in force units during the typing task. Averaged peak reaction forces measured during typing ranged from 3.33 N (thumb) to 1.84 N (little finger), with an overall average of 2.54 N, which represents about 10% MVC and 5.4 times the key switch make force (0.47 N). Individual peak or mean finger forces obtained from EMG were greater (1.2 to 3.2 times) than force measurements; hence the range of r2 for EMG force was .10 to .46. A closer correspondence between EMG and peak force was obtained using EMG averaged across all fingers. For 5 of the participants the force computed from EMG was within +/-20% of the reaction force. For the other 5 participants forces were overestimated. For 9 participants the difference between EMG estimated force and the reaction force was less than 13% MVC. It is suggested that the difference between EMG and finger force partly results from the amount of muscle load not captured by the measured applied force.
A modified regeneration method for streptomycete protoplasts. (1981)

In 1974, we1} reported on the culture media and conditions for preparing stable protoplasts of streptomycetes and the procedures for reverting them at high frequency to a filamentous state by plating the surface of the synthetic agar media (Rl and R2). This method, sometimes with minor modifications, has been employed by many researchers on protoplast fusion2~7) or genetic transformation,8~n) including recombinant DNAexperiments,
Risk Assessment of Tuberculosis in Contacts by IFN-γ Release Assays. A Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group Study (2015)

Tuberculosis rarely developed among contacts, and preventive chemotherapy effectively reduced the tuberculosis risk among IGRA-positive contacts. Although the negative predictive value of IGRAs is high, the risk for the development of tuberculosis is poorly predicted by these assays.
Microchromosomal deletions involving SCN1A and adjacent genes in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (2008)

Our findings indicate that microchromosomal deletion, often involving not only SCN1A but also several adjacent genes, is associated with core SMEI. As microchromosomal deletion cannot be anticipated by the phenotypes or detected by conventional methods, genetic abnormalities in SMEI should be carefully sought by techniques that can detect microdeletions.
Computer-aided modeling and evaluation of reconfigurable VLSI processor arrays with VHDL (1992)

The authors present an integrated computer-aided design environment, the VAR (VHDL-based array reconfiguration) system, for the tasks of design, reconfiguration, simulation, and evaluation in an architecture modeled by VHDL. An easily diagnosable and reconfigurable two-dimensional defect-tolerant processing element (PE) switch lattice array is used as an example to illustrate the methodology of VAR. VAR allows the designers study and evaluate fault diagnosis and reconfiguration algorithms by inserting faults, which are generated based on manufacturing yield data, into the array and then locating the fault PEs as well as simulating the reconfiguration process. Thus, VAR can assist the designers in evaluating the different combinations of fault patterns, fault diagnosis algorithms, and reconfigurable architectures through a complete set of figures of merit which aim at architectural improvements. Extensive simulation and evaluation have been performed to demonstrate and support the effectiveness of VAR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Query Performance Evaluation of OWL Storage Model (2011)

With rapid growth of Internet, the amount of information in the Web is increasing exponentially. However, information on the current Web is understandable only for human, and thus it makes the exact information retrieval difficult. For solving this problem, the Semantic Web is suggested and we must use ontology languages that can endow data to semantics for implementing it. Typical characteristic of ontology languages is hierarchical information among classes or properties. Therefore, effective management of hierarchical information is one of the most important features regarding storing and querying information. In this paper, we perform performance experiment of OWL management model named OM-HI model.
Emergent Autonomy – A Step Toward Assurance (2021)

There is widespread embrace in the aviation community for a future where humans will have a different relationship with the aircraft that they fly – pilots may supervise multiple aircraft simultaneously without having direct command and control of individual aircraft. These "pilotless" aircraft are often referred to as autonomous. In this paper, we apply the thinking from systems theory of emergent behaviors to autonomous vehicles. We will discuss how an integrated collection of automated functions that behave in a deterministic fashion (i.e., pre-defined inputs produce pre-defined outputs) at a component level exhibit emergent autonomy when observed at a system-of-systems level. We have coined the term "emergent autonomy" to describe this phenomenon. To illustrate our hypothesis, we will use a real-world implementation of Zipline’s unmanned aircraft-based cargo delivery service currently operating at nation-wide scale in Rwanda and Ghana. Constructing a complex system of individual deterministic behaviors can exhibit emergent autonomy and provide superior performance and safety at the systems-of-systems level.
Friction-Enhancing Properties of ZDDP Antiwear Additive: Part II—Influence of ZDDP Reaction Films on EHD Lubrication (2003)

In a companion paper, Part I, it was shown that the friction enhancement produced in mixed lubrication conditions by ZDDP reaction films is not due to surface roughening as has previously been supposed. Instead, optical measurement of elastohydrodynamic film thickness shows that the presence of a ZDDP reaction layer inhibits the entrainment of liquid lubricant into rolling/sliding contacts. As a result, these contacts operate in boundary lubrication, with consequently high friction, up to higher speeds than would otherwise be the case and the attainment of full film elastohydrodynamic lubrication is also postponed. Possible mechanisms by which ZDDP reaction films might inhibit fluid entrainment are discussed.
Are rare diseases still orphans or happily adopted? The challenges of developing and using orphan medicinal products (2006)

Orphan medicinal products (OMPs) are targeted at the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of rare diseases and have a special status in European law. This status brings incentives for pharmaceutical companies to invest in OMP development. The goal of the legislation is to encourage the development of more treatments for life-threatening rare disorders, but increased availability of OMPs raises important issues surrounding the public funding of very expensive treatments by national health services. In this article we review OMPs and the incentives for their development and discuss the challenges presented by funding these treatments.
Effects of Elevated Temperatures and Oxidation on Residual Stresses in (Ti,Al)N Coatings (2000)

No abstracts
Cyclooxygenase‐2 and the renal renin–angiotensin system (2004)

In the kidney, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in the macula densa/cTALH and medullary interstitial cells. The macula densa is involved in regulating afferent arteriolar tone and renin release by sensing alterations in luminal chloride via changes in the rate of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransport, and administration of non-specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors will blunt increases in renin release mediated by macula densa sensing of decreases in luminal NaCl. High renin states [salt deficiency, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretic administration or experimental renovascular hypertension] are associated with increased macula densa/cTALH COX-2 expression. Furthermore, there is evidence that angiotensin II and/or aldosterone may inhibit COX-2 expression. In AT1 receptor knockout mice, COX-2 expression is increased similar to increases with ACE inhibitors or AT1 receptor blockers. Direct administration of angiotensin II inhibits macula densa COX-2 expression. Previous studies demonstrated that alterations in intraluminal chloride concentration are the signal for macula densa regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and renin secretion, with high chloride stimulating tubuloglomerular feedback and low chloride stimulating renin release. When cultured cTALH or macula densa cells were incubated in media with selective substitution of chloride ions, COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production were significantly increased. A variety of studies have indicated a role for COX-2 in the macula densa mediation of renin release. In isolated perfused glomerular preparations, renin release induced by macula densa perfusion with a low chloride solution was inhibited by a COX-2 inhibitor but not a COX-1 inhibitor. In vivo studies in rats indicated that increased renin release in response to low-salt diet, ACE inhibitor, loop diuretics or aortic coarctation could be inhibited by administration of COX-2-selective inhibitors. In mice with genetic deletion of COX-2, ACE inhibitors or low-salt diet failed to increase renal renin expression, although renin significantly increased in wild type mice. In contrast, in COX-1 null mice there were no significant differences in either the basal or ACE inhibitor-stimulated level of renal renin activity from plasma or renal tissue compared with wild type mice. In summary, there is increasing evidence that COX-2 expression in the macula densa and surrounding cortical thick ascending limb cells is regulated by angiotensin II and is a modulator of renal renin production. These interactions of COX-2 derived prostaglandins and the renin-angiotensin system may underlie physiological and pathophysiological regulation of renal function.
DCD Liver Grafts Can Safely Be Used for Recipients With Grade I–II Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Multicenter Analysis (2022)

In appropriately selected recipients with grades I-II PVT, DCD liver grafts can be utilized safely with excellent outcomes.
Characterization of novel pneumatic mixing for single-use bioreactor application (2011)

Background The novel bioreactor system from PBS Biotech is the first with a pneumatic mixing device powered solely by gas buoyancy, eliminating the need for an external mechanical agitator. The patented design of the AirWheel mixing device promotes not only high tangential fluid flow around the wheel but also efficient radial and axial flows. The leverage effect of the Air-Wheel mixing device also allows for lower gassing requirement (v/v) with increasing working volume, making the power utilization from the gas buoyancy more efficient with scale. A series of physical tests were performed to demonstrate that PBS systems can promote uniform, homogenous mixing over a wide range of working volumes and can offer a low-shear environment for cell culture. A series of biological tests were then performed at various evaluation sites to confirm the physical test results.
Single large‐balloon percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (1989)

Successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty was performed in six patients utilizing single large (up to 30 mm diameter) balloons. Mitral valve area increased from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 2.5 +/- 0.3 cm2 (P less than 0.01), and there were no complications or significant increases in mitral regurgitation. Single large-balloon mitral valvuloplasty may be as effective as the currently used double-balloon technique and may allow the procedure to be performed more easily and quickly.
Epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in spinal cord injury: current status and future challenges (2011)

A spinal cord injury can occur at any point along its length and can have a wide range of severities and varying effects on sensory and motor function, depending largely on these two factors. While considerable function can be recovered if the injury is ‘incomplete’ – that is, there remain some functional connections between the brain and the spinal cord segments below the lesion – there has been little success in improving function after a motor and/or sensory complete lesion. Recently reported functional gains in an individual with complete motor paralysis was possible because most of the cellular structure below the lesion remains intact [1]. It is this network of neurons that can actually control very complicated movements when this spinal network (not the brain itself) receives the appropriate sensory input, and when the excitability of this network is enhanced with a very specific pattern of modest levels of stimulation with epidurally placed electrodes. We refer to this intervention as electro-enabling motor control.

Based on extensive animal experimentation of this spinal network, the possibility of regaining locomotor function after complete paralysis in human subjects becomes an important issue. To begin to examine this issue, we performed similar experiments in a single subject with complete motor paralysis. The issues are: is the human spinal cord circuitry without any input from the brain as smart as that of the rat or cat, can it be neuromodulated to stand and to step using epidural stimulation as demonstrated successfully in the rat and cat, and can proprioception serve as a source of control of the spinal circuitry? We made a series of observations demonstrating the feasibility of using epidural stimulation to facilitate the recovery of a series of consciously controlled motor functions, as well as other functions, some of which are largely considered to be autonomically controlled. After implanting an electrode array, recovery of several functions occurred following repeated sessions of epidural stimulation and training to stand and to step, and to exert voluntary control of the lower limbs. The subject is a 23-year-old man with paraplegia from a C7–T1 subluxation as a result of a motor vehicle accident who has had a complete loss of clinically detectable voluntary motor function and partial preservation of sensation below the T1 cord segment. After 170 locomotor training sessions over 26 months, a 16-electrode array was surgically placed on the dura (L1–S1 cord segments). The results from this single subject provide a wakeup call for a change in the perception of the potential for recovery of function using activity-dependent interventions [2]. They also highlight the potential advantage of quantitative assessment of multiple parameters in fewer individuals in lieu of the commonly accepted ‘primary outcome’ measure, often with limited objectivity, in many subjects.
Microbeam X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy of Alloying Elements in the Oxide Layers of Irradiated Zircaloy-2 (2018)

Hydrogen pickup of zirconium-based fuel cladding and structural materials during in-reactor corrosion can degrade fuel components because the ingress of hydrogen can lead to the formation of brittle hydrides. In the boiling water reactor (BWR) environment, Zircaloy-2 fuel cladding and structural components such as water rods and channels can experience accelerated hydrogen pickup, whereas Zircaloy-4 components exposed to similar conditions do not. Because the principal difference between the two alloys is that Zircaloy-2 contains nickel, accelerated hydrogen pickup has been hypothesized to result from the presence of nickel. However, an understanding of the mechanism by which this acceleration occurs is still lacking. We investigated the link between hydrogen pickup and the oxidation behavior of alloying elements when incorporated into the oxide layers formed on zirconium alloys when corroded in the reactor. Synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Advanced Photon Source was performed on carefully selected BWR-corroded Zircaloy-2 water rods at an assembly-averaged burnup ranging from 32.8 to 74.6 GWd/MTU to determine the oxidation states of alloying elements, such as iron and nickel, within the oxide layers as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface at high burnup. Samples were chosen for comparison based on having similar oxide thicknesses, processing, elevation, reactors, and fluences but different hydrogen pickup fractions. Examinations of the oxide layers formed on these samples showed that (1) the oxidation states of these alloying elements changed with distance from the oxide-metal interface, (2) these elements exhibited delayed oxidation relative to the host zirconium, and (3) nickel in Zircaloy-2 remained metallic in the oxide layer at a longer distance from the oxide-metal interface than iron. An analysis of these results showed an apparent correlation between the delayed oxidation of nickel and higher hydrogen pickup of Zircaloy-2 at high burnup.
Serological Assessment of the Quality of Wound Healing Processes in Crohn’s Disease (2019)

Wound healing parameters were clearly changed in CD patients. FPA levels were higher in CD patients as compared to healthy controls, indicating more ongoing wound healing. D-dimer levels were lower in CD patients than in healthy controls, indicating impaired wound healing due to poor quality of factor XIII cross-linked fibrin and clot resolution.
Induction of Phloem Unloading in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots by the Parasitic Nematode Heterodera schachtii (1996)

Phloem unloading of both the fluorescent probe carboxyfluorescein (CF) and 14C-labeled solutes was induced in Arabidopsis thaliana L. roots by the parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that anomalous unloading of CF from the sieve element companion cell complexes occurred specifically into the syncytium, the nematode-induced feeding structure located within the stele of the root. From this syncytial complex of modified root cells, both fluorescent and radioactive labels were withdrawn by feeding nematodes. Movement of CF was unidirectional from the phloem to the syncytium. A range of low-molecular-weight fluorescent probes (including CF) microinjected into the syncytium stayed in this structure, demonstrating that it is symplastically isolated from the surrounding root tissue. The mechanism of unloading in this host-pathogen relationship therefore appears to be apoplastic. Our results provide unequivocal evidence that sedentary cyst-forming nematodes have direct access to phloem-derived solutes.
Effect of dead space on gain and noise of double-carrier-multiplication avalanche photodiodes (1992)

The effect of dead space on the statistics of the gain in a double-carrier-multiplication avalanche photodiode (APD) is determined using a recurrence method. The dead space is the minimum distance that a newly generated carrier must travel in order to acquire sufficient energy to become capable of causing an impact ionization. Recurrence equations are derived for the first moment, the second moment, and the probability distribution function of two random variables that are related, in a deterministic way, to the random gain of the APD. These equations are solved numerically to produce the mean gain and the excess noise factor. The presence of dead space reduces both the mean gain and the excess noise factor of the device. This may have a beneficial effect on the performance of the detector when used in optical receivers with photon noise and circuit noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Brincidofovir Use after Foscarnet Crystal Nephropathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient with Multiresistant Cytomegalovirus Infection (2017)

<i>Background</i>. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antiviral drug resistance constitutes an increasing challenge in transplantation. Foscarnet is usually proposed when resistance for ganciclovir is suspected, but its use is limited by its nephrotoxicity. <i>Case Presentation</i>. We report a case of multiresistant CMV disease in a kidney transplant recipient. Foscarnet was prescribed after ganciclovir treatment failure in a patient with two mutations in the UL97 viral gene. Foscarnet induced biopsy-proven kidney crystal precipitation that resulted in severe acute transplant failure and nephrotic syndrome. Despite a large decrease in immunosuppression, CMV disease was not controlled and a salvage therapy with Brincidofovir (BCV), which is an oral lipid conjugate of cidofovir with limited nephrotoxicity, was attempted. Clinical and virological remission was observed after a 21-day course of BCV, despite mild and reversible liver toxicity. However, a new relapse could not be effectively cured by BCV due to a new mutation in the UL54 gene, which is known to confer resistance to cidofovir. A new course of foscarnet finally resulted in prolonged CMV remission. Herein, we present a review of foscarnet nephropathy cases in solid-organ transplanted patients. <i>Conclusions</i>. This unique case highlights the potential benefit of BCV use during resistant CMV infection, although mutations in the UL54 gene may limit its therapeutic efficacy. These findings need to be confirmed in clinical trials.
Oxidative deamination of primary amines: selective synthesis of geminal dihalides (1976)

Oxidative deamination of unbranched primary amines by the combination of alkyl nitrites and anhydrous copper(II) halides in acetonitrile produces geminal dihalides selectively and in synthetically useful yields.