gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translocation (11;14) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, time to reclassify this standard risk chromosomal aberration? (2019)

This study shows that t(11;14) is associated with poorer outcome in MM, particularly in non-high-dose-treated SR patients. It should be considered an intermediate or high-risk marker in these patients.
Clinical Significance of Loss of Chromosome Y (−Y) in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Is It Clonal Evolution?. (2006)

Clonal evolution (CE), in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is characterized by the appearance of additional cytogenetic abnormalities in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+)-cells and is considered a criterion of accelerated phase (AP). Loss of chromosome Y (−Y) frequently occurs in male individuals with aging and has been generally not considered a clinically significant abnormality in hematologic malignancy. In CML it is most frequently not considered an abnormality representing CE assuming it lacks the prognostic implications of other abnormalities in this setting. We thus investigated the frequency and prognostic significance among 352 patients with CML in chronic phase (CP) treated with imatinib mesylate at our institution. −Y was detected along with Ph+ in 7 patients (2%): 3 at the time of diagnosis and 4 during the course of therapy, after a median of 47 months (range, 9–130 months) from diagnosis. Median age was 56 years (range, 40–75 years). Three patients had received prior interferon. Best response to imatinib was complete cytogenetic response in 2 patients (29%), partial in 1 (14%), minor in 2 and complete hematologic response in 2. All but one patient have lost their response after a median of 26 months (range, 2–55 months). In only one patient, −Y was transient and disappeared after 3 months. This patient is in ongoing molecular remission. Of the 6 patients who failed imatinib, 3 patients also failed subsequent therapies (nilotinib, dastinib, and chemotherapy, respectively) and 2 of them subsequently died of progressive disease. The other 3 patients responded to salvage therapy (combination of farnesyl transferase inhibitors and imatinib, homoharingtonine, and chemotherapy), and one of them is in molecular remission following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The median overall survival from the appearance of the −Y has not been reached. We conclude that CE involving −Y abnormality is uncommon in patients with CML treated with imatinib but it may be associated with poor outcome and should be considered as a manifestation of clonal evolution.
Noise characteristics of dual-gate AlGaAs/InGaAs pHEMTs (2011)

In this study, we compare the noise characteristics of dual-gate AlGaAs/InGaAs pHEMTs in the frequency range of 1 to 18 GHz. The studied devices including dual-gate enhancement-/enhancement-mode (E/E-mode) and enhancement-/depletion-mode (E/D-mode) pHEMTs were fabricated on the same wafer by the different gate metallization. The minimum noise figure (NF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</inf> ) and associated gain (G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> ) are discussed with power and linearity performance at the same bias conditions. The dual-gate E/E- and E/D-mode devices have demonstrated low noise and high gain performance, and are equivalent to the cascode configuration for compact size as compared to a cascode low noise amplifier.
One-pot cross double-Mannich reaction of acetaldehyde catalyzed by a binaphthyl-based amino sulfonamide (2012)

A one-pot cross double-Mannich reaction of acetaldehyde was developed, and densely functionalized 1,3-diamines were obtained as a single stereoisomer by use of axially chiral amino sulfonamide (S)-1 as catalyst. Using this catalyst, the one-pot Mannich reaction-aminoxylation was also realized.
Compensation for non-uniform illumination and optical fluence attenuation in three-dimensional optoacoustic tomography of the breast (2019)

Optoacoustic tomography (OAT) is a promising modality for breast imaging that provides high resolution, detection sensitivity and diagnostic specificity for vascularized breast tumors. In OAT systems employing an arc- shaped illuminator, irregular overlaps of light beams can yield a non-uniform illumination throughout the entire volume of the breast. The imbalance in optical fluence leads to intensity loss in the reconstructed OAT images. Additionally, because optical fluence decreases with depth from breast skin surface, i.e., optical attenuation, deep breast tissues are diminished in the reconstructed images. For qualitative enhancement in 3D OAT imaging, we propose an image processing method to estimate, and compensate for, both the non-uniform incident optical fluence and the optical attenuation. We approximate the non-uniform illumination via maximum intensity extraction for polar angles in a spherical coordinate system. The location of the breast surface is estimated by detecting blood vessels nearest to the breast skin layer that appear with relatively high intensities in the reconstructed image. The breast depth is computed as the minimum distance between each voxel and the detected breast surface. The depth-dependent optical attenuation in the breast is estimated using the Beer– Lambert law down to the maximum penetration depth determined from an analysis of noise and artifacts in the reconstructed image. At each polar angle, the reciprocals of the estimated attenuation is used to compensate for the loss in intensity. The results are that previously invisible structures near the chest wall are revealed, and visible penetration depth was increased by 67% over the conventional, non-compensated volumes.
Enhanced estimations of post‐stroke aphasia severity using stacked multimodal predictions (2017)

The severity of post-stroke aphasia and the potential for recovery are highly variable and difficult to predict. Evidence suggests that optimal estimation of aphasia severity requires the integration of multiple neuroimaging modalities and the adoption of new methods that can detect multivariate brain-behavior relationships. We created and tested a multimodal framework that relies on three information sources (lesion maps, structural connectivity, and functional connectivity) to create an array of unimodal predictions which are then fed into a final model that creates "stacked multimodal predictions" (STAMP). Crossvalidated predictions of four aphasia scores (picture naming, sentence repetition, sentence comprehension, and overall aphasia severity) were obtained from 53 left hemispheric chronic stroke patients (age: 57.1 ± 12.3 yrs, post-stroke interval: 20 months, 25 female). Results showed accurate predictions for all four aphasia scores (correlation true vs. predicted: r = 0.79-0.88). The accuracy was slightly smaller but yet significant (r = 0.66) in a full split crossvalidation with each patient considered as new. Critically, multimodal predictions produced more accurate results that any single modality alone. Topological maps of the brain regions involved in the prediction were recovered and compared with traditional voxel-based lesion-to-symptom maps, revealing high spatial congruency. These results suggest that neuroimaging modalities carry complementary information potentially useful for the prediction of aphasia scores. More broadly, this study shows that the translation of neuroimaging findings into clinically useful tools calls for a shift in perspective from unimodal to multimodal neuroimaging, from univariate to multivariate methods, from linear to nonlinear models, and, conceptually, from inferential to predictive brain mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5603-5615, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confirmation of the SCA-2 locus as an alternative locus for dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias and refinement of the candidate region. (1994)

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases. To date, two SCA loci have been identified-one locus (SCA-1) on the short arm of chromosome 6 and the second locus (SCA-2) on the long arm of chromosome 12. We have studied two large kindreds from different ethnic backgrounds, segregating an autosomal dominant form of SCA. A total of 207 living individuals, including 50 affected, were examined, and blood was collected. We performed linkage analysis using anonymous DNA markers which flank the two previously described loci. Our results demonstrate that the two kindreds, one Austrian-Canadian and one French-Canadian, are linked to SCA-2 (chromosome 12q). Multipoint linkage analysis places the SCA-2 locus within a region of approximately 16 cM between the microsatellites D12S58 and D12S84/D12S105 (odds ratio 2,371:1 in favor of this position). We show that the SCA-2 locus is not a private gene and represents an alternative SCA locus.
The Equine Antimicrobial Peptide eCATH1 Is Effective against the Facultative Intracellular Pathogen Rhodococcus equi in Mice (2013)

Rhodococcus equi, the causal agent of rhodococcosis, is a major pathogen of foals and is also responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised humans. Of great concern, strains resistant to currently used antibiotics have emerged. As the number of drugs that are efficient in vivo is limited because of the intracellular localization of the bacterium inside macrophages, new active but cell-permeant drugs will be needed in the near future. In the present study, we evaluated, by in vitro and ex vivo experiments, the ability of the alpha-helical equine antimicrobial peptide eCATH1 to kill intracellular bacterial cells. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the peptide was assessed in experimental rhodococcosis induced in mice, while the in vivo toxicity was evaluated by behavioral and histopathological analysis. The study revealed that eCATH1 significantly reduced the number of bacteria inside macrophages. Furthermore, the bactericidal potential of the peptide was maintained in vivo at doses that appeared to have no visible deleterious effects for the mice even after 7 days of treatment. Indeed, daily subcutaneous injections of 1 mg/kg body weight of eCATH1 led to a significant reduction of the bacterial load in organs comparable to that obtained after treatment with 10 mg/kg body weight of rifampin. Interestingly, the combination of the peptide with rifampin showed a synergistic interaction in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments. These results emphasize the therapeutic potential that eCATH1 represents in the treatment of rhodococcosis.
A M-N3/C Active Site Prepared through Terpyridine Motifs (M= Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Sn) for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2020)

Non-noble catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are in high demand for fuel cell technology due to their use of low cost and widely available starting materials. The development of these catalysts has been a constantly growing area. However, to the extent of our knowledge, there have only been a few literature reports that provide insights into the nature of the structure and geometry of the catalytically active sites formed in these materials. In the current literature, the most commonly proposed catalytically active site(s) for ORR are active sites that correspond to Fe-N 2+2 /C geometry. These active sites are typically produced through a high-temperature pyrolysis step to obtain this desired configuration [1] . However, the pyrolysis step is very disadvantageous due to the production of a variety of nitrogen functional groups on the surface which can negatively affect the activity of the catalyst, since only nitrogen functionalities with specified geometry are considered to be the most active for ORR [2,3] . In addition, high-temperature treatments drastically increases the overall cost of production and can be quite energy demanding. Thus, high-temperature treatment makes it difficult to design a surface rich in a specific active site for the desired application. We had previously developed a model of a catalyst rich in Fe-N 3 /C sites on a commercial Vulcan carbon. We showed that this site had high activity for the ORR reaction achieved by covalently functionalizing a carbon support with a nitrogen-rich terpyridine (tpy) ligand. The ligand geometry allowed for the formation of well-defined active sites on the carbon surface, leaving exposed N 3 moities for the ORR. Metal-ligand coordination with Fe resulted in desired Fe-N 3 /C moieties on the surface. We demonstrated that this system can be prepared using mild reaction conditions and does not require high-temperature treatment for improved activity. On the contrary, the heat-treatment to this system was detrimental to the activity. Recently, we have been investigating the effect of other non-precious late transition metals for the activity of the novel N 3 /C sites. We present here the results of the M-N 3 /C site where M= Co, Sn, Ni, or Mn and show that these metals also show promising electrochemical activity in both acidic and basic media due to well-defined N 3 /C site for the ORR, showing generality of our initial results with iron and overall versatility and activity of an N 3 site in combination with various non-precious metals for an ORR catalyst. [1] M. Lefèvre, E. Proietti, F. Jaouen, J.-P. Dodelet, Science 2009 , 324 , 71-74. [2] F. Charreteur, F. Jaouen, S. Ruggeri, J.-P. Dodelet, Electrochimica acta 2008 , 53 , 2925-2938. [3] H. M. Fruehwald, I. I. Ebralidze, O. V. Zenkina, E. B. Easton, ChemElectroChem 2019 , 6, 1350. Figure 1
Effect of Feed Distribution on Hydrocracking of Fischer-Tropsch Wax (2011)

Two Fischer–Tropsch waxes having a different chain length distribution (i.e. heavy wax with C22+: 73%; light wax with C22+: 36%) have been subjected to hydrocracking. The tests were carried out in the range of temperature and pressure of 616-648 K and 3.5-6.0 MPa respectively. The catalyst used was platinum (0.6%) on amorphous silica-alumina. Hydrocracking reaction led in both cases to an increase of middle distillate yields and maximum values achieved was 80-85%. The results obtained show a strong effect of feed carbon distribution on isomer content of hydrocracking products. Particularly, it was found that C5-9 and middle distillate (C10-22) fractions from the heavy feed have a higher isomerization degree than the products from the light feed. The higher isomer content of products from heavier Fischer-Tropsch wax was explained in terms of currently known hydrocracking reaction pathways of n-paraffins and vapour-liquid equilibrium in the reacting system.
Very low energy electron microscopy of graphene flakes (2013)

Commercially available graphene samples are examined by Raman spectroscopy and very low energy scanning transmission electron microscopy. Limited lateral resolution of Raman spectroscopy may produce a Raman spectrum corresponding to a single graphene layer even for flakes that can be identified by very low energy electron microscopy as an aggregate of smaller flakes of various thicknesses. In addition to diagnostics of graphene samples at larger dimensions, their electron transmittance can also be measured at very low energies.
Manager-to-Manager Management Information Base (1993)

It is the purpose of this document to define managed objects which
describe the behavior of a SNMPv2 entity acting in both a manager role
and an agent role. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Building a Handoff Communication Virtual Experience for Nursing Students Using Virtual Humans (2021)

Effective communication among healthcare professionals is critical to delivering safe, high-quality patient care. One important real-world skill that nursing students must acquire is generating accurate handoff communication reports. The central aim of this study was to build, assess, and revise a virtual experience simulation that allows nursing students to observe a standardized clinical situation in an immersive environment and then practice the situation-background-assessment-recommendation communication method. This between-groups experimental study, which was modified in light of COVID-19 concerns, evaluated how well 69 prelicensure nursing students understood a handoff communication report after viewing a virtual human patient and nurse interact during a triage assessment scenario. Results indicate student comprehension levels did not differ based on which of two metacognitive learning strategies was used. Participants in both study groups were able to accurately complete a situation-background-assessment-recommendation instrument based on the virtual experience. Further, they believed that watching a virtual nurse perform a triage assessment would help them perform one themselves in a similar virtual environment. There was also an unexpected study finding related to patient safety within the context of the simulation. This finding warrants further research that will lead to revision of the virtual experience used to train future nurses.
Method for Preclinical Evaluation of Antiplaque Agents (1972)

A preclinical method for the evaluation of antibacterial agents for use against dental plaques associated with caries and periodontal disease is proposed. The method is applicable to screening agents and to defining, in vitro, the minimal conditions required for maximal antiplaque effect. As a model of antiplaque agents, chlorhexidine was assessed in vitro against preformed plaques of microorganisms conducive to dental caries and periodontal disease. The agent was bactericidal to plaques of nine strains of Streptococcus mutans and one strain of Actinomyces viscosus when used in a single treatment for 20 min at 2 x 10(-1)%, in two 2-min treatments on the same day, or in daily 2-min treatments at this same concentration. Using the last of these experimental conditions, we then tested chlorhexidine in vivo by topical application to the maxillary teeth of infected hamsters and found it to be effective in controlling plaques of S. mutans and A. viscosus.
Market Research of Domestic Ducks for the HR Trade (1974)

Per capita consumption in the duck industry has remained static due to (1) seasonal production and demand, (2) more convenience and profitability of competitive meats, (3) small, widely dispersed nature of the duck industry, and (4) inability of the industry to conduct meaningful marketing programs. In an effort to solve this static growth, a market research telephone and mail survey was conducted to determine the image of duck held by the hotel, restaurant and institution trade (HRI) and to understand the HRI market needs for duck. A major reason for the static growth was lack of demand from HRI patrons. Poor familarity, adverse images and other unfavorable characteristics were given as causes related to patrons, but lack of convenience, preparation personnel and profitability were given by HRI respondents. Responses from HRI respondents serving duck (users) were similar to those not serving duck (nonusers). However, raw duck was preferred by most users, and nonusers preferred both raw and precooked products. A half duck has shown much interest over the traditional whole duck. Several advantages and disadvantages were given for using duck. Suggestions are given to help the duck industry increase demand.
Control and instanton trajectories for random transitions in turbulent flows (2011)

Many turbulent systems exhibit random switches between qualitatively different attractors. The transition between these bistable states is often an extremely rare event, that can not be computed through DNS, due to complexity limitations. We present results for the calculation of instanton trajectories (a control problem) between non-equilibrium stationary states (attractors) in the 2D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations. By representing the transition probability between two states using a path integral formulation, we can compute the most probable trajectory (instanton) joining two non-equilibrium stationary states. Technically, this is equivalent to the minimization of an action, which can be related to a fluid mechanics control problem.
Darkening Speed Tests with Reversible Electroplating Shutters (1962)

The design and construction of experimental reversible electroplating light shutters are described, and their preliminary evaluation by means of resistance measurements is outlined. Oscilloscope traces of simultaneous light transmission changes and plating pulses are presented and interpreted. An observed better‐than‐expected darkening efficiency may be attributed either to an anomalously high absorption coefficient of the very thin Ag films deposited by an unusually fast plating procedure or to increased turbidity and/or increased multiple light reflections. The maximum achieved plating speeds corresponded to average current densities of up to 80 amp/cm2 for 250 to 400 µsec over an area of up to 16 cm2. No damage in the tin oxide coating was observed after more than 13 such pulses with a plating solution of at a neutral pH. The maximum plating speeds expected from first order estimates of diffusion rate limitations were approached in five tests.
Structural Analysis of Myosin Heavy Chain Kinase A from Dictyostelium (1995)

We report here the cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the 130-kDa myosin heavy chain kinase (MHCK A) from the amoeba Dictyostelium. Previous studies have shown that purified MHCK A phosphorylates threonines in the carboxyl-terminal tail portion of the Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain and that phosphorylation of these sites is critical in regulating the assembly and disassembly of myosin II filaments in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical analysis of MHCK A, together with analysis of the primary sequence, suggests that the amino-terminal approximately 500 amino acids form an alpha-helical coiled-coil domain and that residues from position approximately 860 to the carboxyl terminus (residue 1146) form a domain with significant similarity to the beta-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. No part of the MHCK A sequence displays significant similarity to the catalytic domain of conventional eukaryotic protein kinases. However, both native and recombinant MHCK A displayed autophosphorylation activity following renaturation from SDS gels, and MHCK A expressed in Escherichia coli phosphorylated purified Dictyostelium myosin, confirming that MHCK A is a bona fide protein kinase. Cross-linking studies demonstrated that native MHCK A is a multimer, consistent with the presence of an amino-terminal coiled-coil domain. Southern blot analysis indicates that MHCK A is encoded by a single gene that has no detectable introns.