gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of boiler conditions on the thermolysis of film forming amine (2017)

The protection mechanism by which film forming amines (FFA) protect metal surfaces is a continuous process of adsorption and desorption. The film layer of adsorbed FFA protects the surface of watersteam cycles against corrosion, but the question is what the thermal stability of the free or desorbed FFA is. In addition, the stability of the absorbed FFA is unknown. In this research the potential formation of (unwanted) FFA (thermal) degradation products will be investigated under different boiler conditions, simulated in a lab-scale boiler and superheater, consisting of a 316 stainless steel boiler tube with a surface area of 25.98 cm² and a volume of 5.58 ml. In order to achieve a stable baseline to compare between different experiments, the lab-scale boiler tube is first saturated with FFA by adsorbing FFA at a defined concentration in the water until equilibrium is reached. This allows to establish the coverage efficiency of the FFA on the metal surface, as the FFA coverage is considered as the FFA remaining in the system (obtained from a mass balance) after desorption from the surface using a solvent. FFA analysis is done by the Bengal rose method at a wavelength of 256 nm. \nAfter reaching equilibrium, the formation of FFA degradation products due to thermolysis is investigated under different temperatures, representing saturated steam as well as superheated steam conditions. The pressure is kept constant at 120 bar (12 MPa). Thermolytic degradation is assessed by analysing the concentration and composition of organic acids, short-chain amines and potential neutral components formed as well as the residual FFA in the condensate. The possible formation of organic acids could be a negative side effect of the FFA use, as these acidic compounds lower pH at the metal surface and could counterbalance the protective effect of the FFA. On the other hand, some neutral compounds formed could cause environmental and health issues. The outcome of this research helps to better understand the behaviour of FFA in the water-steam cycles and will be used in the future to determine the optimal application dosage of FFA at different operational conditions, to minimize the thermolysis of FFA and thus the associated operational costs.
Enhanced Adhesion over Aluminum Solid Substrates by Controlled Atmospheric Plasma Deposition of Amine-Rich Primers (2012)

Controlled chemical modification of aluminum surface is carried by atmospheric plasma polymerization of allylamine. The amine-rich coatings are characterized and tested for their behavior as adhesion promoter. The adhesion strength of aluminum-epoxy assemblies is shown to increase according to primary amino group content and coating thickness, which in turn can be regulated by plasma power parameters, allowing tailoring the coating chemical properties. The increase in adherence can be correlated to the total and primary amino group contents in the film, indicating covalent bonding of epoxy groups to the primer as the basis of the mechanical improvement.
The apolipoprotein E ε2 allele is associated with an increased risk of early‐onset alzheimer's disease and a reduced survival (1995)

It was suggested that in contrast to the E4 allele, the E2 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE*2) has a protective effect for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). We studied the role of the APOE*2 allele in the pathogenesis of EOAD in a Dutch population-based study of 175 probable EOAD patients with onset age at or before 65 years and 532 age-matched controls. In our population, there was no evidence for a protective effect of the APOE*2 allele on the risk of EOAD. However, our data show that among EOAD patients, survival for APOE*2 carriers was significantly reduced. When restricting the analysis to patients ascertained early after diagnosis at a stage of disease when mortality is low, our data suggest an increased risk of EOAD for subjects with APOE2E2, APOE2E3, APOE3E4, and APOE4E4 genotypes.
Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta: an overview of 1 yr data at the SORPES station (2013)

Abstract. This work presents an overview of 1 yr measurements of ozone (O3) and fine particular matter (PM2.5) and related trace gases at a recently developed regional background site, the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System (SORPES), in the western part of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in eastern China. Ozone and PM2.5 showed strong seasonal cycles but with contrast patterns: O3 reached a maximum in warm seasons but PM2.5 in cold seasons. Correlation analysis suggests a VOC-sensitive regime for O3 chemistry and a formation of secondary aerosols under conditions of high O3 in summer. Compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in China, our measurements report 15 days of O3 exceedance and 148 days of PM2.5 exceedance during the 1 yr period, suggesting a severe air pollution situation in this region. Case studies for typical O3 and PM2.5 episodes demonstrated that these episodes were generally associated with an air mass transport pathway over the mid-YRD, i.e., along the Nanjing–Shanghai axis with its city clusters, and showed that synoptic weather played an important role in air pollution, especially for O3. Agricultural burning activities caused high PM2.5 and O3 pollution during harvest seasons, especially in June. A calculation of potential source contributions based on Lagrangian dispersion simulations suggests that emissions from the YRD contributed to over 70% of the O3 precursor CO, with a majority from the mid-YRD. North-YRD and the North China Plain are the main contributors to PM2.5 pollution in this region. This work shows an important environmental impact from industrialization and urbanization in the YRD region, and suggests an urgent need for improving air quality in these areas through collaborative control measures among different administrative regions.
Five years before multiple sclerosis onset: Phenotyping the prodrome (2018)

Phenotyping the prodrome 5 years before clinical recognition of MS is feasible.
Association of Symptoms and Severity of Rift Valley Fever with Genetic Polymorphisms in Human Innate Immune Pathways (2015)

Of the 46 SNPs tested, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, MyD88, TRIF, MAVS, and RIG-I were repeatedly associated with severe symptomatology, suggesting that these genes may have a robust association with RVFV-associated clinical outcomes. Studies of these and related genetic polymorphisms are warranted to advance understanding of RVF pathogenesis.
Seismic attributes and their classification (1996)

Attributes have proliferated recently with different selections available on different workstations. What do they all mean? When do we use one and when another? The answers to these questions are not easy but the first step is to understand what our options are, and herein lies the purpose of this article.
Direct association of occludin with ZO-1 and its possible involvement in the localization of occludin at tight junctions. (1994)

Occludin is an integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions (TJ) with four transmembrane domains and a long COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain (domain E) consisting of 255 amino acids. Immunofluorescence and laser scan microscopy revealed that chick full-length occludin introduced into human and bovine epithelial cells was correctly delivered to and incorporated into preexisting TJ. Further transfection studies with various deletion mutants showed that the domain E, especially its COOH-terminal approximately 150 amino acids (domain E358/504), was necessary for the localization of occludin at TJ. Secondly, domain E was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase, and this fusion protein was shown to be specifically bound to a complex of ZO-1 (220 kD) and ZO-2 (160 kD) among various membrane peripheral proteins. In vitro binding analyses using glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins of various deletion mutants of domain E narrowed down the sequence necessary for the ZO-1/ZO-2 association into the domain E358/504. Furthermore, this region directly associated with the recombinant ZO-1 produced in E. coli. We concluded that occludin itself can localize at TJ and directly associate with ZO-1. The coincidence of the sequence necessary for the ZO-1 association with that for the TJ localization suggests that the association with underlying cytoskeletons through ZO-1 is required for occludin to be localized at TJ.
El club de las largas y frías noches de invierno (2006)

Mas alla del caso El codigo da Vinci y de esas astronomicas cifras pagadas por su adaptacion al cine, existe otra realidad en el negocio de la venta de derechos de autor en las novelas. Y es un autor quien nos disecciona, con humor, unas relaciones donde la parte contratante no siempre esta en la misma onda que la parte contratada.
Intravesical chemotherapy: Studies on the relationship between ph and cytotoxicity (1986)

The influence of pH on the antitumor activity of drugs used for intravesical chemotherapy was studied. A human continuous cell line derived from a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was exposed to 6 drugs (Adriamycin [doxorubicin], cisplatin, epirubicin, epodyl, mitomycin C, and thiotepa) for 1 hour at 11 pH values ranging from 5.2 to 9.7, and cytotoxicity was measured by inhibition of colony formation. pH had a marked influence on drug activity: cisplatin, mitomycin C, and thiotepa were most cytotoxic in acid media, Adriamycin, and epirubicin in alkaline media, while epodyl was the only drug whose cytotoxicity was unaffected by pH. In addition to these in vitro studies, comparisons were made of the pH of urine samples obtained from patients immediately before and at the completion of intravesical chemotherapy. Changes in pH up to a maximum of +/- 1.6 units were observed, although in most cases, values were similar before and after therapy. All the drugs used were acidic in solution, with the exception of thiotepa. It is concluded that by adjusting solvent and urine pH to the optimum value for each drug, the effectiveness of intravesical chemotherapy might be enhanced.
Spontaneous spheroid budding from monolayers: a potential contribution to ovarian cancer dissemination (2012)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic cancer, in large part because of its early dissemination and rapid development of chemotherapy resistance. Spheroids are clusters of tumor cells found in the peritoneal fluid of patients that are thought to promote this dissemination. Current models suggest that spheroids form by aggregation of single tumor cells shed from the primary tumor. Here, we demonstrate that spheroids can also form by budding directly as adherent clusters from a monolayer. Formation of budded spheroids correlated with expression of vimentin and lack of cortical E-cadherin. We also found that compared to cells grown in monolayers, cells grown as spheroids acquired progressive resistance to the chemotherapy drugs Paclitaxel and Cisplatin. This resistance could be completely reversed by dissociating the spheroids. Our observations highlight a previously unappreciated mode of spheroid formation that might have implications for tumor dissemination and chemotherapy resistance in patients, and suggest that this resistance might be reversed by spheroid dissociation.
Acidic effect of porous alumina as supports for Pt nanoparticle catalysts in n-hexane reforming (2018)

Catalytic activity and selectivity of <italic>n</italic>-hexane reforming are changed significantly by the surface acidic properties of the alumina support following halogen treatment.
Autophagy-Mediated Dendritic Cell Activation Is Essential for Innate Cytokine Production and APC Function with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Responses (2011)

The regulation of innate immune responses during viral infection is a crucial step to promote antiviral reactions. Recent studies have drawn attention to a strong relationship of pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition with autophagy for activation of APC function. Our initial observations indicated that autophagosomes formed in response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of dendritic cells (DC). To further investigate whether RSV-induced DC activation and innate cytokine production were associated with autophagy, we used several methods to block autophagosome formation. Using 3-MA, small interfering RNA inhibition of LC3, or Beclin(+/-) mouse-derived DC, studies established a relationship between RSV-induced autophagy and enhanced type I IFN, TNF, IL-6, and IL-12p40 expression. Moreover, autophagosome formation induced by starvation also promoted innate cytokine expression in DC. The induction of starvation-induced autophagy in combination with RSV infection synergistically enhanced DC cytokine expression that was blocked by an autophagy inhibitor. The latter synergistic responses were differentially altered in DC from MyD88(-/-) and TRIF(-/-) mice, supporting the concept of autophagy-mediated TLR signaling. In addition, blockade of autophagy in RSV-infected DC inhibited the maturation of DC as assessed by MHC class II and costimulatory molecule expression. Subsequently, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy in DC used to stimulate primary OVA-induced and secondary RSV-infected responses significantly attenuated cytokine production by CD4(+) T cells. Thus, these studies have outlined that autophagy in DC after RSV infection is a crucial mechanism for driving innate cytokine production, leading to altered acquired immune responses.
Active Cathodes for Super-High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Through Space Charge Effects (2005)

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Performance evaluation of periodically LC loaded small patch antennas (2006)

Although the possibility to realize compact microstrip antennas employing the concept of periodically loaded lines has been demonstrated, their ultimate performance limits are not sufficiently known, yet. Therefore, in this work the performance limitations as a consequence of size reduction are analyzed. Focal parameter is the unloaded Q-factor or the available bandwidth, respectively. Additionally, aspects of pattern, input impedance and scalability are addressed.
The exploitation of urease-producing bacteria in catheter-associated urinary tract infections using an infection-responsive biomaterial (2016)

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Hummingbird (2022)

Global positioning system (GPS) is the most widely adopted localization technique for satellites in low earth orbits (LEOs). To enable many state-of-the-art applications on satellites, the exact position of the satellites is necessary. With the increasing demand for small satellites, the need for a low-power GPS for satellites is also increasing. However, building low-power GPS receivers for small satellites poses significant challenges, mainly due to the high speeds (~7.8 km/s) of satellites and low available energy. While duty cycling the receiver is a possible solution, the high relative Doppler shift among the GPS satellites and the small satellite contributes to an increase in Time to First Fix (TTFF), which negatively impacts energy consumption. Further, if the satellite tumbles, the GPS receiver may not be able to receive signals properly from the GPS satellites, thus leading to an even longer TTFF. In the worst case, the situation may result in no GPS fix due to disorientation of the receiver antenna. In this work, we elucidate the design of a low-cost, low-power GPS receiver for small satellites. We also propose an energy optimization algorithm to improve the TTFF. With the extensive evaluation of our GPS receiver on an operational nanosatellite, we show that up to 96.16% of energy savings can be achieved using our algorithm without significantly compromising (~10 m) the positioning accuracy.
Structure and CO Oxidation Activity of Pt/CeO2 Catalysts Prepared Using Arc-Plasma (2011)

Abstract By applying a pulsed arc-plasma process, Pt nanoparticles were deposited from a Pt cathode onto CeO2 powders to study their structure and catalytic activity for CO oxidation. Highly dispersed uniform metallic Pt crystallites with the size of 2.6 ± 0.7 nm were obtained. Because of the highly dispersed metallic Pt nanoparticles suitable for CO chemisorption, the catalyst prepared by arc-plasma exhibited higher CO oxidation activity than those prepared by conventional wet impregnation. However, the catalyst was deactivated to a larger extent compared to the impregnated catalyst after thermal aging at 900 °C in a stream of 10% H2O in air.
Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2010)

Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) is one of the most prominent analytical techniques owing to its inherent selectivity and sensitivity. In LC/ESI-MS/MS, chemical derivatization is often used to enhance the detection sensitivity. Derivatization improves the chromatographic separation, and enhances the mass spectrometric ionization efficiency and MS/MS detectability. In this review, an overview of the derivatization reagents which have been applied to LC/ESI-MS/MS is presented, focusing on the applications to low molecular weight compounds.
Unlocking Repression of the Human Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene by Trichostatin A-induced Cell-specific Phosphatase Release (2008)

Our previous studies demonstrated that the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), induces derepression of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) gene by de-recruitment of the pRB homologue p107 repressor from the promoter in JAR and MCF-7 cancer cells. TSA initiates a mechanism whereby the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase zeta (PKCzeta) cascade phosphorylates Sp1 at Ser-641, which is essential for the release of the repression of LHR transcription. The present studies have revealed that dissociation of serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP2A and PP1 from the LHR promoter mediates TSA-induced activation of LHR gene transcription in a cell-specific manner. Changes in chromatin structure induced by TSA cause the release of PP2A in JAR cells or of PP1 in MCF-7 cells, which is associated with Sp1 directly or through histone deacetylase 1/2, respectively, at the promoter. This favors the phosphorylation of Sp1 mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PKCzeta pathway, which in turn causes the release of the p107 inhibitor from Sp1 and marked transcriptional activation of the LHR. These findings reveal the importance of phosphatases in the control of LHR transcription, where the balance between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PKCzeta and phosphatases could be critical for up- and down-regulation of LHR gene expression in physiological and pathological settings.
Subretinal Visual Implant Alpha IMS – Clinical trial interim report (2015)

A subretinal visual implant (Alpha IMS, Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany) was implanted in 29 blind participants with outer retinal degeneration in an international multicenter clinical trial. Primary efficacy endpoints of the study protocol were a significant improvement of activities of daily living and mobility to be assessed by activities of daily living tasks, recognition tasks, mobility, or a combination thereof. Secondary efficacy endpoints were a significant improvement of visual acuity/light perception and/or object recognition (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01024803). During up to 12 months observation time twenty-one participants (72%) reached the primary endpoints, of which thirteen participants (45%) reported restoration of visual function which they use in daily life. Additionally, detection, localization, and identification of objects were significantly better with the implant power switched on in the first 3 months. Twenty-five participants (86%) reached the secondary endpoints. Measurable grating acuity was up to 3.3 cycles per degree, visual acuities using standardized Landolt C-rings were 20/2000, 20/2000, 20/606 and 20/546. Maximal correct motion perception ranged from 3 to 35 degrees per second. These results show that subretinal implants can restore very-low-vision or low vision in blind (light perception or less) patients with end-stage hereditary retinal degenerations.
Urinary CXCL9 and CXCL10 Levels Correlate with the Extent of Subclinical Tubulitis (2009)

Subclinical tubulitis has been associated with the later development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), leading to diminished allograft survival. The aim of this study was to investigate how concentrations of urinary CXC-receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokines (i.e. CXCL4/9/10/11) and CCL2 relate to the extent of subclinical tubulitis. Using ELISA, urinary CXCR3 chemokines, CCL2 and tubular injury markers (i.e. urinary NGAL and alpha1-microglobulin [alpha1 m]) were measured in patients with stable estimated GFR >or=40 mL/min exhibiting normal tubular histology (n = 24), subclinical borderline tubulitis (n = 18) or subclinical tubulitis Ia/Ib (n = 22), as well as in patients with clinical tubulitis Ia/Ib (n = 17) or IF/TA (n = 10). CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly higher in subclinical tubulitis Ia/Ib than in subclinical borderline tubulitis (p <or= 0.03) and normal tubular histology (p <or= 0.0002). By contrast, NGAL, alpha1-m, CXCL4, CXCL11 and CCL2 were not or only marginally distinctive across these patient groups. All urinary chemokines and tubular injury markers were higher in clinical tubulitis Ia/Ib than in normal tubular histology (p <or= 0.002), but only tubular injury markers were elevated in IF/TA. These results demonstrate a correlation of urinary CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels with the extent of subclinical tubulitis suggesting potential as noninvasive screening biomarkers.