gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrimidines. VII. 2-Amino-4-(substituted anilino)pyrimidines1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidines. VII. 2-Amino-4-(substituted anilino)pyrimidines1Darrell E. O'Brien, Fred Baiocchi, Roland K. Robins, and C. C. ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 1104–1107Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a551RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (330 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Role of glucagon in maintenance of euglycemia in fed and fasted rats (1995)

The role of glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose in fed and fasted anesthetized rats was studied by injecting intravenously 4 ml/kg of a high-capacity (40 nmol/ml) high-affinity (0.6 x 10(11) mol/l) monoclonal glucagon antibody. Blood glucose was lowered by the antibody by 2 mmol/l in fed rats but remained unchanged in 10- and 48-h-fasted rats. Antibody injection significantly reduced plasma insulin in both fed and 10-h-fasted rats. In 10-h-fasted rats, propranolol injection decreased blood glucose by 0.6 mmol/l, and combined with antibody administration, a decrease by 1.1 mmol/l was observed. Blood glucose was never < 3.3 mmol/l. Thus glucagon is partly responsible for maintenance of euglycemia in fed rats, whereas during fasting it plays a limited role. However, immunoneutralization of glucagon reduces insulin secretion irrespective of blood glucose. Additional mechanisms seem to be responsible for the maintenance of blood glucose in the fasting state when glucagon and the sympathoadrenergic system are blocked.
PS0011-227 Modeling of void formation in plain-woven fabric during resin impregnation of VaRTM (2015)

During resin impregnation into fiber bundles in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VaRTM), entrapped air in resin may remain as voids in the products. Since the presence of the voids deteriorates the composites mechanical properties, prediction of the void generation is required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the resin impregnation angle in an anisotropic fabric on the relationship between the amount of voids formed and the resin velocity. We performed experiments on 2D radial-injection VaRTM using laminated anisotropic plain-woven fabrics, and determined the void distribution and the formation of the void. Based on the experimental results, we developed a mathematical model for predicting the void formation for an arbitrary impregnation angle and velocity. Comparison of the model predictions with experimental results revealed good agreement.
Funktionalisierung von α-Methylenketonen (1980)

β-Substituierte Acrylnitrile (4) und (5) entstehen durch neuartige Reaktion aus den Oxathiazinderivaten (3) unter Ringöffnung und SO3-Abspaltung. Die Edukte (3) ihrerseits sind über mehrere Stufen aus den Ketonen (1) mit α-CH2-Gruppe erhältlich. Der Schritt (2)→(3) ist ebenfalls neu.
Comparison of structural and optical properties of LiNbO 3 single crystals doped with Pr 3+ , Yb 3+ , and Pr 3+ +Yb 3+ ions. (1997)

Lithium mobate crystals doped with Pr or Yb, as well as double doped with Yb and Pr ions were pulled by the Czochralski method. The doping concentraction spread distributions were measured for each ion by the electron niicroprobe. The optical homogeneity of crystals was investigated using the conoscopic and polarimetric techniques. The absorption characteristics were also investigated. In the absorption spectra a careful attention has been payed to the peak associated with OW group, since from this one can conclude on the location of the doping ions in the crystal lattice.
The role of carbonic anhydrase VI in bitter taste perception: evidence from the Car6−/− mouse model (2014)

Our knockout mouse model confirms that CA VI is involved in bitter taste perception. CA VI may be one of the factors which contribute to avoidance of bitter, potentially harmful, substances.
Wirelessly powered microfluidic dielectrophoresis devices using printable RF circuits (2011)

We report the first microfluidic device integrated with a printed RF circuit so the device can be wirelessly powered by a commercially available RFID reader. For conventional dielectrophoresis devices, electrical wires are needed to connect the electric components on the microchip to external equipment such as power supplies, amplifiers, function generators, etc. Such a procedure is unfamiliar to most clinicians and pathologists who are used to working with a microscope for examination of samples on microscope slides. The wirelessly powered device reported here eliminates the entire need for wire attachments and external instruments so the operators can use the device in essentially the same manner as they do with microscope slides. The integrated circuit can be fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate at very low cost using a roll-to-roll printing method. Electrical power at 13.56 MHz transmitted by a radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader is inductively coupled to the printed RFIC and converted into 10 V DC (direct current) output, which provides sufficient power to drive a microfluidic device to manipulate biological particles such as beads and proteins via the DC dielectrophoresis (DC-DEP) effect. To our best knowledge, this is the first wirelessly powered microfluidic dielectrophoresis device. Although the work is preliminary, the device concept, the architecture, and the core technology are expected to stimulate many efforts in the future and transform the technology to a wide range of clinical and point-of-care applications.
Intermolecular trifluoromethyl-alkenylation of alkenes enabled by metal-free photoredox catalysis (2021)

A three-component and redox-neutral trifluoromethylative alkenylation of unactivated alkenes with β-nitrostyrenes has been developed under visible-light. This metal-free protocol utilizes the easy to handle Langlois reagent (CF3SO2Na) as the CF3 source and is suitable for various unactivated alkenes and β-nitrostyrenes, affording a series of trifluoromethylated aromatic alkenes under mild conditions in good to excellent yields.
The preparation and acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of polyoxymethylene isopropyl methyl ethers (1973)

Abstract The first four members of the polyoxymethylene ether series (CH 3 ) 2 CHO(CH 2 O) n CH 3 were prepared, separated by fractional distillation and GLC, and characterized by NMR. Rate constants for the aqueous acid hydrolysis of the compounds were determined at 25°, 30°, and 35°C. Although the polyformals ( n &gt; 1) in this series hydrolyzed at essentially the same rate, they all hydrolyzed three times faster than the formal ( n = 1). It is proposed that a mixed polyformal, (CH 3 ) 2 CHO (CH 2 O) n &gt;1 CH 3 , undergoes two concurrent fissions to yield (1) the stem (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 2 with CH 3 O(CH 2 O) n −1 as the leaving group and (2) the stem CH 3 OCH 2 with (CH 3 ) 2 CHO(CH 2 O) n −1 as the leaving group. Most of the fissions occur by the first path. An equation that can aid in predicting the rate of hydrolysis of a mixed polyformal was developed and tested.
Identification of New Parvovirus DNA Sequence in Swine Sera from Myanmar (2002)

Parvoviruses are among the smallest viruses of both vertebrates and invertebrates.During an attempt to identify the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome, we.accidentally PCRamplified a parvovirus DNA sequence ln swine sera from Myanmar.The sequence was only distantly related to the
Development of information sharing in language neocortex in childhood‐onset drug‐resistant epilepsy (2019)

Information sharing matures with age "within" frontal and temporoparietal language cortices, and "between" Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This study provides evidence for distinct patterns of developmental plasticity within perisylvian language cortex and has implications for planning epilepsy surgery.
Automated image analysis of hand radiographs reveals widened joint spaces in patients with long-term control of acromegaly: relation to disease activity and symptoms (2011)

Using a new semi-automated image analysis of hand radiographs, acromegalic patients with long-term disease control appeared to have increased joint spaces of all hand joints. JSWs were positively related to disease activity at diagnosis, but not to duration of follow-up, suggesting irreversible cartilage hypertrophy. Irreversible cartilage hypertrophy may partly explain persisting hand complaints despite long-term disease control.
The Value of Interactive Simulations Used in an Undergraduate Math Class (2020)

With Hewlett Packard grants awarded to Boise State University, we are working on developing best practices for creating and sustaining virtual learning and teaching communities through a cloud computing service (Blade servers) and enhancing student motivation and performance in Math by using interactive simulation programs.As part of the project, we have developed a series of MATLAB-based simulations delivered through our Blade servers to help students better conceptualize abstract Math concepts.During the fall semester of 2010, we implemented 12 simulations in a Multivariable & Vector Calculus class in which 117 students were enrolled.To better understand the overall program usability via Blade servers and the value of the simulations from the student perspective, we conducted an evaluation study and answered the following three questions: 1.How do students perceive the use of interactive simulations in their Math class? 2. How do students" motivational characteristics (e.g., intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientations and confidence levels in studying science, math and engineering) relate to their perceptions in using simulations during the Math class?and 3. What aspects of the simulation programs should be improved?The study revealed that about 74% of students rated the value of simulations as high or moderate.The simulations tend to be attractive to students with high intrinsic goal orientation, while their value perceptions were not related to students" extrinsic goal orientation and confidence levels.The data also showed areas for improvement, based on which we have generated a "things to do" list to make the simulation programs more easily accessible and valuable to students in the future semesters.
Antiepileptic drug interactions in the elderly (2005)

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently prescribed in the elderly due to the high prevalence of AED-treatable neuropsychiatric disorders in this age group. There are several factors associated with AED therapy in the elderly that substantially increase the risk of clinically significant drug interactions. The elderly exhibit altered pharmacodynamics resulting in greater sensitivity to both pharmacological and toxicological drug effects. The use of polypharmacotherapy leaves the elderly patient at an increased risk for adverse events. There are no known drug interactions between anticoagulants/antiplatelets and the following AEDs: gabapentin (GBP), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LEV), tiagabine (TGB), or zonisamide (ZNS). A number of AEDs either induce or inhibit drug metabolizing enzymes and, in turn, their metabolism is affected by many co-medications. Several of the newer AEDs do not appear to interact with other medications, while others are affected by enzyme induction of inhibition but do not appear to alter the disposition of co-medications.
Principal polypeptide target of carcinogen at the beginning of liver carcinogenesis by three carcinogens. (1982)

Abstract A cytosolic 14,000-dalton polypeptide in rats was previously reported to be the principal target protein of a tracer dose of the carcinogen N -2-fluorenylacetamide in normal liver and liver at the start of hepatocarcinogenesis by three types of carcinogens. Short-term ingestion of any of the carcinogens, the aromatic amide N -2-fluorenylacetamide, the aminoazo dye 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, or the amino acid analog ethionine, causes a marked loss of the ability to make the labeled fluorenyl carcinogen:polypeptide complex and a great reduction in the content of the target polypeptide itself. The present report describes the purification, partial characterization, and species and organ distributions of the target polypeptide. A 3-step procedure was devised for the purification of the target polypeptide from normal rat liver cytosol based on the charge and size of the 14 C-carcinogen:polypeptide complex from normal rats given N -[9- 14 C]-2-fluorenylacetamide. The purified target polypeptide was homogeneous according to molecular size and immunoreactivity following sodium dodecyl sulfate:gel electrophoresis. The polypeptide is basic with an isoelectric pH of 8.3. Nevertheless, the polypeptide has 1.6-fold more acidic than basic amino acids, suggestive of the prevalence of amidated glutamic and aspartic residues. The molecule has no detectable tryptophan; one cysteine; two residues of arginine, histidine, tyrosine and proline; and three alanines. An abundance of five residues of methionine and the scarcity of other known potential biological nucleophilic amino acids (zero tryptophan, one cysteine, two tyrosine, two histidine) makes methionine the most likely target of activated carcinogen in the covalent interaction that is apparently involved in the formation of the carcinogen:polypeptide complex. Bound carbohydrate was not detected. Rabbit antisera against the purified target polypeptide reacted specifically with both the polypeptide and its complex with carcinogen. Using sensitive autoradiographic detection of its immunoreactivity, the target polypeptide was found to be present among the liver cytosolic proteins of normal rats, mice, and hamsters of both sexes following sodium dodecyl sulfate:gel electrophoresis, but not in similarly resolved cytosols of their many other organs, indicative that the polypeptide functions mainly (but not exclusively) in liver. Thus far, all of the four known principal target proteins of different carcinogens during chemical carcinogenesis are basic proteins in the cytosols of the target organs.
Coordination Compounds of tripodCoII and tripodCoI − Selective Substitution and Redox Behaviour (2000)

The five-coordinate tripodCobalt(II) compound [tripodCoIICl2] (2) [tripod = CH3C(CH2PPh2)3] undergoes selective substitution of its chlorine groups on activation with KPF6 in the first substitution step and by TlPF6 in the second. Compounds of the type [tripodCoIILL′]2+ with two nitrile (32+) or isonitrile (52+) ligands are obtained by this route. Compounds [tripodCoIIL2] containing two equal ligands L are also accessible from CoIIaq as the starting material. The syntheses of [tripodCoII(CNR)2]2+ (52+) and [tripodCoIIX2] (X = CN, NCO, NCS) (6) are reported. Different routes to tripodCoI derivatives are described. Depending on the nature of the co-ligands, four-coordinate − [tripodCoINCO] (7) − or five-coordinate − [tripodCoI(CNR)2]+ (5+) − compounds are obtained. Several high-yield syntheses of [tripodCoI-alkyne]+ (8+) compounds are reported. The compounds are characterised by the usual analytical and spectroscopic techniques including X-ray analysis of selected examples.
Water splitting to produce solar hydrogen using silicon thin film (2007)

Solar hydrogen, which is produced by splitting water using solar energy, can be considered the perfect renewable energy source.1 Easily stored and transported, hydrogen can generate not only thermal energy but also electricity (using fuel cells) and mechanical energy (using hydrogen engines), before ultimately returning to water. Therefore, solar hydrogen could potentially form the basis of a clean, renewable energy cycle. Water splitting using photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells as a possible means of obtaining solar hydrogen has been attracting much attention since Fujishima and Honda’s report on TiO2 (titanium dioxide) photoelectrodes in 1972.2 PEC solar cells have several important, unique features. They are easily fabricated by immersing a semiconductor electrode and a counterelectrode into an electrolyte solution (see Figure 1). They can convert solar energy directly to storable chemical energy. And the junction of an electrolyte solution and a semiconductor can generate a high-energy barrier, thus reaching high photovoltage even with a low-cost, low-quality semiconductor.3 However, water splitting using TiO2 presents serious difficulties in hydrogen evolution. There are three solutions to these problems: using another semiconductor with an energy band gap that is wider than TiO2; using a multiphoton system equipped with multi-photoelectrodes in series or a tandemtype photoelectrode; and using an oxidation reaction other than oxygen evolution, such as oxidation of iodide ions into iodine. The Gibbs energy change for decomposition of hydrogen iodide (HI) into hydrogen (H2) and iodine (I2) (triiodide ion, I3 ) in an aqueous solution is smaller than that for water splitting. Thus, silicon photoelectrodes, which have a narrower energy band gap than TiO2, can decompose HI with no external bias, and with efficiency reaching 7.4%.4, 5 Fuel cells using H2 gas and I2 (I3 ) Figure 1. Photoelectrochemical solar cell produces hydrogen gas with no external bias.
Effects of Mechanical Loading on Intervertebral Disc Metabolism In Vivo (2006)

The overall goal of this work is to define more clearly which mechanical loading conditions are associated with accelerated disc degeneration. This article briefly reviews recent studies describing the effects of mechanical loading on the metabolism of intervertebral disc cells and defines hypothetical models that provide a framework for quantitative relationships between mechanical loading and disc-cell metabolism. Disc cells respond to mechanical loading in a manner that depends on loading magnitude, frequency, and duration. On the basis of the current data, four models have been proposed to describe the effects of continuous loading on cellular metabolism: (1) on/off response, in which messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcription remains altered for the duration of loading; (2) maintenance, characterized by an initial change in mRNA levels with return to baseline levels; (3) adaptation, in which mRNA transcription is altered and remains at a new steady state; and (4) no response. In addition, five hypothetical mechanisms that describe the long-term consequences of these metabolic changes on disc-remodeling are presented. The transient nature of gene expression along with enzyme activation/inhibition is associated with changes at the protein level. The hypothetical models presented provide a framework for obtaining quantitative relationships between mechanical loading, gene expression, and changes at the compositional level; however, additional factors, such as regulatory mechanisms, must also be considered when describing disc-remodeling. A more quantitative relationship between mechanical loading effects and the metabolic response of the disc will contribute to injury prevention, facilitate more effective rehabilitation treatments, and help realize the potential of biologic and tissue engineering approaches toward disc repair.
Quality of life and resource utilization‐Swedish data from the Care of Late‐Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) study (2022)

Patients with late-stage PD are a vulnerable patient group that is costly to society and the impairment in patients' HRQoL is immense. Thus, healthcare decision-makers should optimize the organization and provision of healthcare for these patients.
Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Rationale for Standardized Definition and Critical Appraisal of the Literature (2022)

Small vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is present in 30% to 67% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention according to different series, representing an unmet clinical need in light of an increased risk of technical failure, restenosis, and need for repeated revascularization. The definition of small vessel is inconsistent across trials, and no definite cutoff value has yet been determined. The lack of consensus on the definition of small vessel CAD has contributed to the high degree of heterogeneity in the safety and efficacy of the various revascularization options. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a critical appraisal of existing reports and to propose a reference vessel diameter of <2.5 ​mm definition of small vessel CAD to guide future clinical trials and clinical decision-making.
The 5-HTTPR*S/*L Polymorphism and Aggressive Behavior in Alzheimer Disease (2001)

The 5-HTTPR*L allele and *L/*L genotype may predispose patients with AD to develop aggressive behavior.
Structural Connectivity is Differently Altered in Dementia with Lewy Body and Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

The structural connectivity within cortical areas and between cortical and subcortical structures was investigated in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that white matter (WM) tracts, which are linked to visual, attentional, and mnemonic functions, would be differentially and selectively affected in DLB as compared to AD and age-matched control subjects. Structural tensor imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed on 14 DLB patients, 14 AD patients, and 15 controls. DTI metrics related to WM damage were assessed within tracts reconstructed by FreeSurfer's TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy pipeline. Correlation analysis between WM and gray matter (GM) metrics was performed to assess whether the structural connectivity alteration in AD and DLB could be secondary to GM neuronal loss or a consequence of direct WM injury. Anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and cingulum-cingulate gyrus were altered in DLB, whereas cingulum-angular bundle (CAB) was disrupted in AD. In DLB patients, secondary axonal degeneration within ATR was found in relation to microstructural damage within medio-dorsal thalamus, whereas axonal degeneration within CAB was related to precuneus thinning. WM alteration within the uncinate fasciculus was present in both groups of patients and was related to frontal and to temporal thinning in DLB and AD, respectively. We found structural connectivity alterations within fronto-thalamic and fronto-parietal (precuneus) network in DLB whereas, in contrast, disruption of structural connectivity of mnemonic pathways was present in AD. Furthermore, the high correlation between GM and WM metrics suggests that the structural connectivity alteration in DLB could be linked to GM neuronal loss rather than by direct WM injury. Thus, this finding supports the key role of cortical and subcortical atrophy in DLB.