gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of Evidence ≠ Evidence of Absence: Statistical Analysis of Inclusions in Multiferroic Thin Films (2014)

Assertions that a new material may offer particularly advantageous properties should always be subjected to careful critical evaluation, especially when those properties can be affected by the presence of inclusions at trace level. This is particularly important for claims relating to new multiferroic compounds, which can easily be confounded by unobserved second phase magnetic inclusions. We demonstrate an original methodology for the detection, localization and quantification of second phase inclusions in thin Aurivillius type films. Additionally, we develop a dedicated statistical model and demonstrate its application to the analysis of Bi(6)Ti(2.8)Fe(1.52)Mn(0.68)O18 (B6TFMO) thin films, that makes it possible to put a high, defined confidence level (e.g. 99.5%) to the statement of 'new single phase multiferroic materials'. While our methodology has been specifically developed for magnetic inclusions, it can easily be adapted to any other material system that can be affected by low level inclusions.
DNA Identifications After the 9/11 World Trade Center Attack (2005)

The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.
DYMONDS computer platform for smart grids (2014)

In this paper we propose an actor-oriented computer platform, which is a natural outgrowth of our Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems (DYMONDS) modeling, communications and control paradigm for smart grids. We summarize this approach which is physics-based and explain how its actor-oriented structure can support a possible multi-level computer platform. By combining principles of model-based Ptolemy II computer platform with these models, we sketch out the basis for implementing a DYMONDS-based computer platform for smart grids. Both the dynamic internal models of polymorphic actors, as well as the system model of computing and communication protocols relating their external interfaces are described. Perhaps, most important is the fact that the proposed computer platform can evolve dynamically as operating conditions and status of actors vary, and, longer-term, as different components are added to the physical system and different smarts are being embedded, rather than having to re-program every time as the physical system changes; this is because new semantics are introduced at the component interaction level rather than at the programming language level.
Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Antiferromagnetic FeF2 (1969)

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation (NSLR) of ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ nuclei in antiferromagnetic Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been studied experimentally and theoretically, and is shown to be due to a two-magnon Raman scattering process. The assumption of isotropic magnon dispersion allows simplification of the calculations while still including zone-boundary effects. This model adequately describes the total density of states for generally cubic crystals whose exchange interaction may be expressed by a single parameter. However, processes which depend on magnon scattering, such as NSLR, can be calculated with reasonable accuracy only for relatively dispersion-less spin-wave spectra. This is due to replacing the true cubic Brillouin zone, in which different directions in $k$ space do not contribute equally to the density of states, with the model's spherical Brillouin zone in which all directions contribute equally. Comparison of the Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ data with those for the isostructural antiferromagnet Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ indicates that the temperature above which NSLR is insensitive to changes in anisotropy is much lower than the corresponding temperature for magnetization data.
Carbonate Selective Ca2Ru2O7−yPyrochlore Enabling Room Temperature Carbonate Fuel Cells I. Synthesis and Physical Characterization (2011)

The electrochemical selectivity of a Ca2Ru2O7−y pyrochlore catalyst towards carbonate formation was investigated and compared to platinum. During constant current operation, an increase in CO2 content was observed at the anode effluent when Ca2Ru2O7−y was used as the cathode catalyst, compared to Pt/C. Carbonate selectivity for Pt/C was 1.78, while for Ca2Ru2O7−y it was 7.33, a 4.1X increase, which confirmed the preferential formation of carbonate on the pyrochlore. This elevated selectivity was attributed to the high surface basicity of the pyrochlore catalyst, which led to preferential CO2adsorption. During constant voltage operation, a 134% CO2 concentration increase was measured at the anode effluent when 10% CO2 was supplied to the cathode inlet. Optimal fuel cell performance on the carbonate cycle was obtained with a 90% O2/ 10% CO2 cathode concentration, where maximum currents where 4X compared to operation with no CO2. Higher CO2concentrations were matched with a gradual decrease in performance. This was attributed to a relatively low electrochemical activity, which combined with high surface basicity, led to O2 site blocking. Thin-film electrode experiments showed excellent electrochemical stability on the oxygen reduction region. An increase in the current and a positive shift in the half-wave potential were observed when CO2 was added to the electrolyte in ex-situ three electrode experiments.
Synthesis and physical properties of novel liquid crystals containing 2,3-difluorophenyl and 1,3-dioxane units (2003)

Three series of liquid crystalline materials have been synthesized: 2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkoxyphenyl)-5-(4-alkylphenyl)-1,3-dioxanes (m,On-DFPPD), 2-(2,3-Difluoro-4-alkoxyphenyl)-5-(2-fluoro-4-alkylphenyl)-1,3-dioxanes (m,On-DFPFPD) and 2-(2,3-Difluoro-4-alkoxyphenyl)-5-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl)-1,3-dioxanes (m,On-DFPDFPD). Their mesmorphic properties were observed and measured by polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The dielectric anisotropy (Δε) and birefringences (Δn) of some target compounds were determined. Most of these compounds exhibit a wide temperature range smectic A phase and/or a wide temperature range nematic phase with negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε) and low birefringences (Δn).
On the Expected Complexity Analysis of a Generalized Sphere Decoding Algorithm for Underdetermined Linear Communication Systems (2007)

This paper presents an analytical approach to evaluate the expected complexity of a generalized sphere decoding (GSD) algorithm, lambda - GSD, for underdetermined integer least- squares (ILS) problems. The analytical approach is used to derive the closed-form formulas to approximate the expected complexity of the lambda - GSD algorithm, by utilizing special statistical properties in the transformed channel matrix. Analytical and simulation results in various scenarios are in good agreement, indicating that the proposed complexity analysis can be used as reliable complexity estimation for practical implementation of lambda - GSD and can serve as reference for other GSD algorithms.
Molecular sieving in suprachoroidal fluid formation in man. (1978)

Recently we demonstrated that it is possible to obtain single chains forming single crystals, where chains are adjacently re-entrant. It is feasible to melt these crystals, either by simple consecutive detachment of chain stems from the crystalline substrate or by cluster melting, where several chain stems are involved. The consecutive detachment of chain stems occurs at the melting point predicted from the Gibbs-Thomson equation, whereas the cluster melting takes place at much higher temperatures. Melting by consecutive detachment of chain stems from the crystal substrate and their diffusion in the melt ultimately results in a new melt state having a heterogeneous distribution of physical entanglements. Because of differences in the transverse relaxation times of the chains in the entangled and disentangled domains, solid-state NMR is the technique used to follow differences in the molecular mobility of the two domains. In this paper, with the help of solid-state NMR, we follow the mechanism involved in the development of the heterogeneous melt state. Observations are that the entangled and disentangled domains are maintained at higher temperatures resulting into a thermodynamically nonequilibrium melt state. On cooling, the heterogeneous melt influence of entanglements on the initial stages of crystallization is followed. It is found that the disentangled chains segments crystallize faster than the entangled chains, which is suggestive for the homogeneous nucleation to occur faster than the heterogeneous nucleation. Rheological studies are performed to follow the influence of disentangled domains on crystallization. With the increasing number of entanglements per unit chain, the time required for the onset of crystallization increases. In the sample from the same batch having lesser number of entanglements per unit chain, the crystallization time can be reduced by a decade.
Augmented Reality 3D Interactive Advertisements on Smartphones (2007)

Whilst augmented reality (AR) has been a prevalent research topic it has proved difficulty to implement and apply in commercial situations as it generally requires complex and expensive hardware. With the proliferation of mobile phones amongst the world population with ever increasing sets of advanced features such as cameras and high resolution screens AR has the opportunity to emerge from laboratories and enter the high street. In this paper we discuss a unique system that will allow complex and highly interactive visual 3- D adverts to be viewed on mobile phones equipped with cameras. The 3-D adverts are contained within a novel visual code design which allows the system to be deployed without the requirement for additional network infrastructure making it both practical and affordable for advertisers.
PdII‐Mediated Oxidative Amination for Access to a 9‐Azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane Compound Library and Anatoxin‐a (2018)

Intramolecular oxidative amination of readily accessible aminocyclooct‐4‐enes provides rapid and regioselective access to the 9‐azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane framework characteristic of the natural product anatoxin‐a (1). This has enabled the synthesis of sp 3 ‐rich chemical scaffolds suitable for diversification. A library of 881 lead‐like compounds is reported alongside a formal synthesis of anatoxin‐a (1).
The Matrix: An Agent-Based Modeling Framework for Data Intensive Simulations (2019)

Human decision-making is influenced by social, psychological, neurological, emotional, normative, and learning factors, as well as individual traits like age and education level. Social/cognitive computational models that incorporate these factors are increasingly used to study how humans make decisions. A result is that agent models, within agent-based modeling (ABM), are becoming more heavyweight, i.e., are more computationally demanding, making scalability and at-scale simulations all the more difficult to achieve. To address these challenges, we have developed an ABM simulation framework that addresses data-intensive simulation at-scale. We describe system requirements and design, and demonstrate at-scale simulation by modeling 3 million users (each as an individual agent), 13 million repositories, and 239 million user-repository interactions on GitHub. Simulations predict user interactions with GitHub repositories, which, to our knowledge, are the first simulations of this kind. Our simulations demonstrate a three-order of magnitude increase in the number of cognitive agents simultaneously interacting.
Vector Beams for Fundamental Physics and Applications (2016)

Lights salient degrees of freedom are the independent parameters that completely de- scribe an electromagnetic wave (in the paraxial approximation) and include polarization, wavelength, and time. Most recently, lights space degree of freedom has received sig- nificant attention via the sub-discipline of optics that can be referred to as complex light or structured light. The study of complex light is a veritable renaissance of optics; us- ing lights space degree of freedom many classical optics phenomena have been revisited with novel results. In this thesis, a novel form of structured light referred to as vector beams will be investigated. It will be shown that vector beams have properties very much connected to fundamental physical phenomena. In Chapters 1 and 2, it will be shown that Laguerre-Gaussian modes and cylindrical vector beams are inherently connected. The con- nection can be illustrated by their representation on what is referred to as a higher-order Poincare sphere. In analogy to the representation of linear and circular polarizations on the well-known Poincare sphere, on the higher-order Poincare sphere, radially and azimuthally polarized cylindrical vector beams are represented by points on the equator, and orthogonal circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian modes whose azimuthally varying phases have op- posite handedness are represented by North and South poles. In Chapter 3, it will be shown that vector beam can be generated using an optical element referred to as a q-plate inside. Using the q-plate, any state of polarization on the well-known Poincare sphere could be converted into any Laguerre-Gaussian mode or cylindrical vector beam on the higher-order Poincare sphere, effectively breaking the spatial modes degeneracy. In chapters 4 and 5, it will be shown that vector beams can be used for optical communication, i.e., they can be used to encode or carry that information. The transmitted vector beams’ spatial patterns must not change as they propagate so that the information they encode or carry can be re- ceived with minimal error. Equally important, solutions to the paraxial Helmholtz wave equation make up a complete and orthogonal set. As solutions to the paraxial Helmholtz wave equation, with regard to optical communication, the complete and orthogonal set of vector beams can be used as an ”N” dimensional state space with which to encode data, or as N channels to carry information. In chapter 6, it will be shown that vector Bessel beams can be generated by combining liquid crystal q-plates with ”Durnin’s” ring method. Similar to scalar Bessel beams, it will be shown that the spatially inhomogeneous states of polarization of vector Bessel beams can self-heal after they are obstructed. The polarization of vector Bessel beams was measured using Stokes polarimetry before and after they were obstructed. It will be experimentally verified that their spatially inhomogeneous states of polarization can self-heal.
Toward Feedback-Based Web Search Engine (2009)

The capability to easily find useful information on the Web becomes increasingly difficult as the available content increases. To assist users in finding relevant information Web search engines are developed. Those engines apply different strategies to measure the relevance of a Web page (its rank). However, page ranking is mainly conducted by relying on automatic assessment criteria. Hence, a gap is created between the effective relevance of a content and the computed one. To reduce this gap, we introduce a framework for feedback based Web search engine development. To illustrate the effectiveness and the use of the proposed framework, we developed a Web search engine prototype called social seeker.
Development of an electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) based capacitive heavy metal sensor for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions (2010)

Abstract Chalcogenide glass materials as membranes for potentiometric sensors for chemical analysis in solutions have been studied since more than 20 years. In this work, an electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor structure was combined with chalcogenide glass membranes prepared by means of the pulsed laser deposition technique. Depending on the membrane composition a selectivity to different ions (Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ ) is achieved. The different sensor membranes have been physically characterised using microscopy, ellipsometry, profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The electrochemical behaviour has been investigated via capacitance/voltage ( C / V ) and constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements and results in a Cd 2+ sensitivity of 23.1 ± 0.6 mV per decade in a linear range from 7 × 10 −6 to 10 −2 mol/l and 24.4 ± 0.5 mV per decade in a linear range from 5 × 10 −6 to 10 −2 mol/l for Pb 2+ , respectively.
Structural Characterization of Native Autoinducing Peptides and Abiotic Analogues Reveals Key Features Essential for Activation and Inhibition of an AgrC Quorum Sensing Receptor in Staphylococcus aureus (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that uses quorum sensing (QS) to control virulence. Its QS system is regulated by macrocyclic peptide signals (or autoinducing peptides (AIPs)) and their cognate transmembrane receptors (AgrCs). Four different specificity groups of S. aureus have been identified to date (groups I–IV), each of which uses a different AIP:AgrC pair. Non-native ligands capable of intercepting AIP:AgrC binding, and thereby QS, in S. aureus have attracted considerable interest as chemical tools to study QS pathways and as possible antivirulence strategies for the treatment of infection. We recently reported a set of analogues of the group-III AIP that are capable of strongly modulating the activity of all four AgrC receptors. Critical to the further development of such ligands is a detailed understanding of the structural features of both native AIPs and non-native analogues that are essential for activity. Herein, we report the first three-dimensional structural analysis of the known native AIP signals (AIPs-I–IV) and several AIP-III analogues with varied biological activities using NMR spectroscopy. Integration of these NMR studies with the known agonism and antagonism profiles of these peptides in AgrC-III revealed two key structural elements that control AIP-III (and non-native peptide) activity: (1) a tri-residue hydrophobic “knob” essential for both activation and inhibition and (2) a fourth anchor point on the exocyclic tail needed for receptor activation. These results provide strong structural support for a mechanism of AIP-mediated AgrC activation and inhibition in S. aureus, and should facilitate the design of new AgrC ligands with enhanced activities (as agonists or antagonists) and simplified chemical structures.
A Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy (1996)

The mouse may provide an inexpensive model suitable for in vivo study of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy using molecular biological techniques.
Les CLA peuvent-ils prévenir l’athérogenèse ? (2005)

National audience
Speckle Reduction in Medical Ultrasound Imaging based on Visual Perception Model (2022)

Ultrasound imaging technology is one of the most important clinical imaging modalities due to its safety, low cost, in addition to its versatile applications. The main technical problem in this technology is its noisy appearance due to the presence of speckle, which makes reading imaging more difficult. In this study, a new method of speckle reduction in medical ultrasound images is proposed based on adaptive shifting of the contrast sensitivity function of human vision using a bias field map estimated from the original image. The aim of this work is to have an effective image enhancement strategy that reduces speckle while preserving diagnostically useful image features and allowing practical implementation in real-time for medical ultrasound imaging applications. The new method is used to improve the visual perception of image quality of ultrasound images by adding a local brightness bias to the areas with speckle noise. This allows the variations in image pixels due to speckle noise to be better perceived by the human observer because of the visual perception model. The performance of the proposed method is objectively assessed using quantitative image quality metrics and compared to previous methods. Furthermore, given that image quality perception is subjective, the level of added bias is controlled by a single parameter that accommodates the different needs for different users and applications. This method has potential to offer better viewing conditions of ultrasound images, which translates to higher diagnostic accuracy.
The Kuleshov Effect: the influence of contextual framing on emotional attributions (2006)

Filmmakers have long recognized the importance of editing techniques to guide the audiences' perceptions and enhance the impact of a scene. We demonstrate behaviorally that pairing identical faces with either neutral or emotionally salient contextual movies, an editing technique referred to as the 'Kuleshov Effect', results in both altered attributions of facial expression and mental-state. Using functional neuroimaging (fMRI), we show that faces paired with emotional movies enhance BOLD responses in the bilateral temporal pole, anterior cingulate cortices, amygdala and bilateral superior temporal sulcus relative to identical faces juxtaposed with neutral movies. An interaction was observed in the right amygdala when subtle happy and fear faces were juxtaposed with positive and negative movies, respectively. An interaction between happy faces and negative context was also observed in bilateral amygdala suggesting that the amygdala may act to prime or tag affective value to faces. A parametric modulation of BOLD signal by attribution ratings indicated a dissociation between ventrolateral and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for negative and positive contextually evoked attributions, respectively. These prefrontal regions may act to guide appropriate choices across altering contexts. Together, these findings offer a neurobiological basis for contextual framing effects on social attributions.
Pervasive and Trustworthy Healthcare (2008)

Healthcare is an information intensive industry. Pervasive computing, as the third wave of computing technology and when applied to healthcare systems, could potentially revolutionize next generation medical applications and significantly improve the quality of healthcare services. Healthcare information is very sensitive and security, privacy, and trust have been critical issues in health care and medical information systems. Due to the specific features of pervasive computing, these issues become much more challenging in pervasive healthcare. In this paper, we summarize some typical healthcare services pervasive healthcare can provide, identify integration and security challenges facing pervasive healthcare systems and propose some solutions to (some) of these challenging problems.
Optical Comb Generation for DWDM Applications using Multiple Optoelectronic Phase Locked Loops (2004)

An optical comb generation scheme is proposed which finds application in optical dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system. In this scheme, N number of optical carriers are simultaneously phase modulated in an electro-optic phase modulator to generate the comb lines. The frequency differences between any two adjacent optical carriers is maintained constant by the use of optoelectronic phase locked loops (OEPLL). Analytically, it has been shown that taking a microwave drive frequency of 12.5 GHz, 45 comb lines, lying within a power envelope of 25 dB can be generated. These comb lines span over a frequency range of 550 GHz with a line spacing of 12.5 GHz when 4 optoelectronic phase-locked loops are used.