gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple method to quantify lactoferrin in milk by Micro-Batch Resin Extraction (MBRE) before RP-HPLC (2017)

The quantification of lactoferrin in dairy products is mainly performed using immunological methods (ELISA, radio-immunodiffusion and optical biosensing). These methods are species-specific and considered to be sensitive (ng on a diluted sample basis) but are expensive and reproducibility is average. Separative techniques such as electrophoresis and HPLC can interestingly discriminate different forms of lactoferrin but appeared disappointing for quantification. Indeed, caseins and fat should be removed before analysis, which results in the dilution and loss of lactoferrin, and critical resolution from whey proteins was often observed. In the proposed method, skimmed cow’s milk sample (1 mL) is deposited as is in a microtube containing 100 mg of macroporous cation-exchange sulfonated resin and stirred rotationally for 90 minutes at 20-25 °C. Lactoferrin which is positively charged at the pH of native milk (6.8) is quantitatively adsorbed while the other non-adsorbed negatively-charged whey proteins and caseins are removed by centrifugation. After washing 4 times the resin with 1 ml of water, lactoferrin is quantitatively desorbed after 30 minutes stirring with 1 mL 2M NaCl containing phenylalanine as a dilution marker. Lactoferrin is then completely separated from the co-desorbed cationic peptides and lactoperoxidase using RP-HPLC at 220 nm. This cheap, universal and flexible method improves selectivity (no protein interference) and sensitivity (no dilution) over previous separative methods. Its intra-laboratory validation (six concentrations in triplicate over five days) demonstrated linearity up to 500 μg.mL-1, accuracy (98-110% recovery), sensitivity (LOQ=25 μg.mL-1 milk) and precision (< 4%) which challenge most immunochemical methods. MBRE-HPLC and monoclonal ELISA-sandwich gave similar results for individual raw cow’s milks. Nevertheless different evolutions were observed with milk heated at increasing temperature (60-87° C, 30 s) indicating that the epitope sensitive in ELISA and cationic part implicated in MBREHPLC are situated in different portions of the molecule that are affected differently by heating.
How ion channels and transporters affect metastasis (2006)

Top: Two more newcomers to the Channels and Transporters Group.Liz Fitzgerald (left) (molecular and cellular physiology of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels) and Kath Hinchliffe
Prevalence and Clinical Impact of a Subclinical Intrapulmonary Right to Left Shunt Diagnosed by Contrast Echocardiography in Patients with End Stage Hepatic Disease (2003)

Background and Objectives:The clinical impact of an intrapulmonary right to left shunt, without hypoxia (subclinical IPS), has not been sufficiently evaluated. We investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of a subclinical IPS in patients with end stage hepatic disease. Subjects and Methods:Contrast echocardiography, with hand-agitated saline, was performed in 72 consecutive candidates for a liver transplantation between April 2001 and November 2001. A positive contrast echocardiography indicated an intrapulmonary right to left shunt, and was defined as the delayed appearance of microbubbles in the left side of the heart (3 to 6 beats after the initial appearance in the contrast in the right side of the heart). We compared the clinical events of the patients both with and without a shunt, i.e. death, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, sepsis, hepatic encephalopathy or variceal bleeding. Results:A subclinical IPS was detected in 19 of the 72 candidates for a liver transplantation (26.3%). All these candidates were Child class C liver cirrhosis. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between the patients and those without a shunt in the Child class C (n=57). The mean PaO2 value of the patients with at least a 3+ left ventricular opacification (3 to 4+, n=6) was significantly lower than those with a 1+ to 2+ left ventricular opacification (n=13) (76±10 mmHg vs. 103±13 mmHg, p< 0.05). The mortality was not significantly difference between the patients with (5%, 1/19) or without (21%, 8/38, p=0.24) a shunt. Also, there were no significant differences in the clinical events during the mean follow-up period of 7±3 months (68.4% vs. 83.5% p=0.12). Conclusion:Subclinical IPS's are not uncommon in patients with end stage hepatic disease. The extent of shunting correlates with the level of arterial 논문접수일:2002년 10월 21일 수정논문접수일:2002년 11월 5일 심사완료일:2002년 11월 28일 교신저자:송재관, 138-736 서울 송파구 풍납동 388-1 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 내과학교실 전화:(02) 3010-3150·전송:(02) 486-5918·E-Mail:jksong@amc.seoul.kr
MAGE‐D4B is a novel marker of poor prognosis and potential therapeutic target involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis (2011)

Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family members are generally described as tumor-specific antigens. An association between MAGE-D4B and breast cancer has yet to be reported and the functional role of the encoded protein has never been established. We performed microarray analysis of 104 invasive breast tumors and matched non-cancerous breast biopsies. qPCR was used for validation in an independent biobank. To investigate the biological relevance of MAGE-D4B in breast tumorigenesis, its phenotypic effects were assessed in vitro. Overall, MAGE-D4B was detected in 43% of tumors while undetected in normal breast tissue. MAGE-D4B was found to correlate with tumor progression and to be an independent prognostic marker for poor outcome in term of relapse-free and overall survival, with potential predictive relevance in relation to response to chemotherapy. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of MAGE-D4B significantly hampered the invasive properties of Hs578T cells by affecting anchorage-independent growth, adhesion, migration and invasion affecting anchorage-independent growth, adhesion, migration and invasion and by modulating expression of invasion-suppressor gene E-cadherin.
Recent Advances in the Carrier Mobility of Two-Dimensional Materials: A Theoretical Perspective (2020)

Since the breakthrough of graphene, 2D materials have engrossed tremendous research attention due to their extraordinary properties and potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The high carrier mobility in the semiconducting material is critical to guarantee a high switching speed and low power dissipation in the corresponding device. Here, we review significant recent advances and important new developments in the carrier mobility of 2D materials based on theoretical investigations. We focus on some of the most widely studied 2D materials, their development, and future applications. Based on the current progress in this field, we conclude the review by providing challenges and an outlook in this field.
VGGFace2: A Dataset for Recognising Faces across Pose and Age (2018)

In this paper, we introduce a new large-scale face dataset named VGGFace2. The dataset contains 3.31 million images of 9131 subjects, with an average of 362.6 images for each subject. Images are downloaded from Google Image Search and have large variations in pose, age, illumination, ethnicity and profession (e.g. actors, athletes, politicians). The dataset was collected with three goals in mind: (i) to have both a large number of identities and also a large number of images for each identity; (ii) to cover a large range of pose, age and ethnicity; and (iii) to minimise the label noise. We describe how the dataset was collected, in particular the automated and manual filtering stages to ensure a high accuracy for the images of each identity. To assess face recognition performance using the new dataset, we train ResNet-50 (with and without Squeeze-and-Excitation blocks) Convolutional Neural Networks on VGGFace2, on MS-Celeb-1M, and on their union, and show that training on VGGFace2 leads to improved recognition performance over pose and age. Finally, using the models trained on these datasets, we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on the IJB-A and IJB-B face recognition benchmarks, exceeding the previous state-of-the-art by a large margin. The dataset and models are publicly available.
An Alu-Based Phylogeny of Gibbons (Hylobatidae) (2012)

Gibbons (Hylobatidae) are small, arboreal apes indigenous to Southeast Asia that diverged from other apes ∼15-18 Ma. Extant lineages radiated rapidly 6-10 Ma and are organized into four genera (Hylobates, Hoolock, Symphalangus, and Nomascus) consisting of 12-19 species. The use of short interspersed elements (SINEs) as phylogenetic markers has seen recent popularity due to several desirable characteristics: the ancestral state of a locus is known to be the absence of an element, rare potentially homoplasious events are relatively easy to resolve, and samples can be quickly and inexpensively genotyped. During radiation of primates, one particular family of SINEs, the Alu family, has proliferated in primate genomes. Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon) sequences were analyzed for repetitive content with RepeatMasker using a custom library. The sequences containing Alu elements identified as members of a gibbon-specific subfamily were then compared with orthologous positions in other primate genomes. A primate phylogenetic panel consisting of 18 primate species, including 13 gibbon species representing all four extant genera, was assayed for all loci, and a total of 125 gibbon-specific Alu insertions were identified. The resulting amplification patterns were used to generate a phylogenetic tree. We demonstrate significant support for Symphalangus as the most basal lineage within the family. Our findings also place Nomascus as a derived lineage, sister to Hoolock, with the Nomascus-Hoolock clade sister to Hylobates. Further, our analysis groups N. leucogenys and Nomascus siki as sister taxa to the exclusion of the other Nomascus species assayed. This study represents the first use of SINEs to determine the genus level phylogenetic relationships within the family Hylobatidae. These relationships have been resolved with robust support at most internal nodes, demonstrating the utility of SINE-based phylogenetic analysis. We postulate that hybridization and rapid radiation may have contributed to the complex and contradictory findings of the previous studies. Our findings will aid in the conservation of these threatened primates and inform future studies of the biogeographical history and distribution of modern gibbon species.
Chemistry of Lewis Acid–Base Pairs on Oxide Surfaces (2012)

We examine a large number of DFT calculations regarding the chemistry of oxide surfaces and show that their qualitative conclusions can be predicted by using a few rules derived from the Lewis acid–base properties of the species involved. (1) The presence of a Lewis acid on an oxide surface increases substantially the binding energy of a Lewis base. (2) If an oxide has certain properties because it is a Lewis base, these properties can be suppressed by adsorbing a Lewis acid on the surface. (3) The presence of a Lewis base on an oxide surface diminishes the binding energy of another base, as compared to the binding energy on the same surface with no base on it. These rules also hold if the words “acid” and “base” are exchanged. We show that these rules apply to a large number of systems which seem to have no relationship to each other and which are important for catalysis by oxides.
Dengue outbreaks in Divinopolis, south‐eastern Brazil and the geographic and climatic distribution ofAedes albopictusandAedes aegyptiin 2011–2012 (2014)

These data reinforce the need for entomological studies, highlight the relevance of Ae. albopictus as a possible disease vector and demonstrate its adaptation. Ae. albopictus, most commonly found in forested areas, comprised a substantial proportion of the urban mosquito population.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Germline <i>BRCA</i>-Associated Endometrial Carcinoma Is a Distinct Clinicopathologic Entity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Overall survival of women with gBRCA/LOHpos ECs (n=24) and gBRCA/LOHneg ECs (n=16).&lt;/p&gt;
[18F]fallypride binding in the mouse brain: test-retest and effects of registration (2011)

The quantification of in vivo receptor kinetics with PET tracer experiments is an intricate and challenging problem especially for small animals such as rats and mice. A test-retest scan is usually set up in order to confirm an observed experimental effect or to examine the reliability of the experiment design. Inadequate processing of the image data may also mask small effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of image registration on [18F]fallypride binding potentials calculated from PET mouse test-retest data. Sub-optimal registration affected the quantification of in vivo receptor kinetics with [18F]fallypride. The absence of anatomical information in the [18F]fallypride image and the lack of a homogeneous tracer distribution, even during the earlier minutes of the scan, lead to erroneous automatic registration. A FDG scan after each [18F]fallypride test could improve registration as FDG provides a more homogeneous brain image. Variability in the data could also result from stress induced by anaesthesia or the experimental environment.
Zirconia coated carbonyl iron particle-based magnetorheological fluid for polishing (2009)

Aqueous magnetorheological (MR) polishing fluids used in magnetorheological finishing (MRF) have a high solids concentration consisting of magnetic carbonyl iron particles and nonmagnetic polishing abrasives. The properties of MR polishing fluids are affected over time by corrosion of CI particles. Here we report on MRF spotting experiments performed on optical glasses using a zirconia coated carbonyl iron (CI) particle-based MR fluid. The zirconia coated magnetic CI particles were prepared via sol-gel synthesis in kg quantities. The coating layer was ~50-100 nm thick, faceted in surface structure, and well adhered. Coated particles showed long term stability against aqueous corrosion. "Free" nano-crystalline zirconia polishing abrasives were co-generated in the coating process, resulting in an abrasivecharged powder for MRF. A viable MR fluid was prepared simply by adding water. Spot polishing tests were performed on a variety of optical glasses over a period of 3 weeks with no signs of MR fluid degradation or corrosion. Stable material removal rates and smooth surfaces inside spots were obtained.
Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Expression Efficiency of Plasmid [33P]DNA Following Intravenous Administration of DNA/Cationic Lipid Complexes in Mice: Use of a Novel Radionuclide Approach (1996)

The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and efficacy of a systemic gene transfer method were examined in male BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) using 33P-labeled plasmid DNA for luciferase. The DNA was delivered via tail vein injection in saline ([33P]DNA) or in a cationic lipid formulation ([33P]DNA/lipid). One group of mice received approximately equal to 1-3 microCi (45 micrograms of DNA) of either formulation, and mice were euthanized at 2 and 20 min, and 1 and 24 h postdose (2 mice/time point). Blood and plasma radioactivity were quantified, and whole body autoradiographic (WBAR) images were obtained from 20-microns whole body sections. A tissue distribution (TD) study was conducted in a second group of mice, which received approximately equal to 4-6 microCi (45-60 micrograms of DNA) of [33P]DNA/lipid. Mice were euthanized at 1.5 h (1 mouse; [33P]DNA/lipid) or 24 h (2 mice/ group), and organ radioactivity and luciferase expression were measured in lung, liver, kidney, spleen thymus, and parotid salivary gland by direct quantitation methods. Microautoradiography (MAR) was performed on a third group of mice (n = 2), which received 3 microCi (45 micrograms of DNA) of [33P]DNA/lipid and were euthanized at 24 h postdose. For WBAR, the [33P]DNA/lipid tissue distribution (% dose equiv/g) at 2 min was lung >> liver > spleen (red pulp) > kidney (cortex); at 24 h the ranking was spleen (red pulp) > liver > lung, kidney (cortex). The [33P]DNA organ distribution observed at 2 min was liver >> spleen (red pulp) > lung, blood > kidney (cortex); at 24 h the ranking was liver, spleen (red pulp) > kidney (cortex) > lung, blood. High levels of radioactivity in bone (cortical, marrow, growth plate) in both groups may represent uptake of the 33P-labeled test articles by the cellular component of the bone marrow, particularly macrophages, as well as deposition of [33P]phosphate in the bone matrix following metabolism of the [33P]DNA. In the luciferase component of the study, no expression was observed in the [33P]DNA group at 24 h. The [33P]- DNA/lip group exhibited expression as early as 1.5 h in the lung; at 24 h, expression was seen in all the organs examined. Microautoradiography of 24-h tissue samples revealed radioactivity in hepatic Kupffer cells, reticuloendothelial system cells in the marginal zone of the spleen, and diffusely along alveolar septae with scattered accumulations in alveolar macrophages. The results of the WBAR, TD, MAR, and luciferase assay show that the use of cationic lipids significantly altered the biodistribution and resulting expression of the DNA plasmid. Further, 33P (0.25 MeV beta, half-life = 25 days) was shown to be an excellent radionuclide for quantitative WBA and MAR, providing sharp images with less personal hazard and greater ease of handling than 32P (1.71 MeV beta, half-life = 14.3 days).
Contribution of Clinical Correlates and 13 C-Reactive Protein Gene Polymorphisms to Interindividual Variability in Serum C-Reactive Protein Level (2006)

In our community-based sample, clinical variables explained 26% of the interindividual variation in CRP, whereas a common triallelic CRP SNP contributed modestly. Studies of larger samples are warranted to assess the association of genetic variation in CRP and risk of cardiovascular disease.
rho, a Small GTP-Binding Protein, Is Essential for Shigella Invasion of Epithelial Cells (1997)

Shigella, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery, are capable of invading mammalian cells that are not normally phagocytic. Uptake of bacteria by the mammalian cells is directed by bacterial factors named IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD invasins, in which Ipa invasins secreted into the bacterial environment can interact with alpha5beta1 integrin. We report here that Shigella invasion of epithelial cells requires rho activity, a ras-related GTP-binding protein. The invasive capacity of Shigella flexneri for Chinese hamister ovary (CHO) cells and other epithelial cells were greatly reduced when treated with Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 transferase. Conversely, uptake of bacteria by CHO cells was promoted upon microinjection of an activated rho variant, Val14RhoA. Attachment of S. flexneri to CHO cells can elicit tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK and paxillin, localized accumulation of F-actin, vinculin, and talin, and activation of protein kinase C, which were all blocked by the treatment with C3 transferase. Our results indicate that cellular signal transduction regulated by rho is essential for Shigella invasion of epithelial cells.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Criteria for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Pediatric Sudden Cardiac Death (2009)

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator is established as life-saving in specific adult populations. However, the precise indications and criteria for defibrillator implantation in children are less well defined. This article provides a succinct review of the indications and implantation criteria in pediatric populations at risk for sudden cardiac death, including specific disease substrates such as cardiomyopathies, inherited arrhythmias, and congenital heart disease.
Simultaneous and Efficient Removal of Oleophilic and Hydrophilic Stains from Polyurethane by the Combination of Easy-Cleaning and Self-Cleaning (2022)

The simultaneous and efficient removal of oleophilic and hydrophilic stains from polyurethane (PU) is realized by combining the easy-cleaning from the hydrophilic thermoresponsive hydrogel coating containing acrylamide (AAm), gum arabic (GA), and (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA<sub>300</sub>) P(GA/AAm/OEGMA<sub>300</sub>) and the self-cleaning from the embedded nonmetallic photocatalyst g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Due to the existence of strong hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups in the hybrid hydrogel coating and the hydroxyl/carboxyl groups in the plasma-treated PU, the hybrid hydrogel coating is very stable on PU. Simultaneously, the acrylamide network in the hybrid hydrogel coating enhances its mechanical strength. Because the transition temperature of OEGMA<sub>300</sub> is well above the room temperature, the cross-linked coating remains hydrophilic in ambient conditions. Thus, oleophilic stains, such as oil and grease, can be easily removed from the coating surface. In addition, the embedded photocatalyst g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in the hybrid hydrogel coating introduces the extra capability of decomposing organic compounds under sunshine, which favors the removal of hydrophilic stains such as dyes and wines. After sunlight illumination and simply rinsing with water, both hydrophilic and oleophilic stains can be easily removed. Moreover, this joint cleaning performance can work for a long time. Even after four consecutive cycles, both the easy-cleaning to oleophilic stains by the hydrophilic hydrogel surface and self-cleaning to the hydrophilic stains by the embedded g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> remain unchanged.
V max as an Index of Contractile State in Man (1971)

The maximal, no-load, velocity for the contractile element (V max ) was estimated in 45 patients. The patients included: 17 with normal left ventricular dynamics; eight with volume overload, compensated; 11 with volume overload, decompensated; three with pressure overload; and six with cardiomyopathy. Contractile element velocity (V CE ) during isovolumic contraction was estimated in two ways: (1) from left ventricular pressure data alone, where V CE =(1/28.8p) (dp/dt), and (2) pressure data combined with measurement of left ventricular geometry (right anterior oblique cine). V max obtained in these two ways agreed well for most patients (r = 0.82). In the normal patients, V max varied from 1.46 to 2.64 muscle lengths per sec; in contrast that of the patients with cardiomyopathy varied between 0.71 and 1.34 muscle lengths per sec. Other indices of contractility (ejection fraction, peak dp/dt, peak velocity of circumferential fiber [peak V CF ], peak V CE , and V CE at zero stress) were compared on the basis of statistical correlation and consistency of other clinical evidence (presence or absence of congestive failure). Good correlation was obtained between V max and peak V SE (r = 0.68). Ejection fraction and peak V CF were less sensitive. Neither the peak rate of pressure rise or V CE at peak stress show any significant correlation with V max or clinical state. Previous studies have shown that V max can be evaluated from pressure data alone; this study confirms this finding in patients with mitral regurgitation as well as in those with normal outflow impedance.
Synthesis and properties of bis(dialkylphosphino)ethane iron dihydrides (1990)

Abstract Syntheses and properties of the iron bisphosphinoethane complexes FeH 2 (PP) 2 and FeHCl(PP) 2 [PPR 2 PCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PR 2 , where RMe (PPDMPE), Et(PPDEPE), and n‐Pr (PPDprPE)] are reported. The complexes can be formed by reduction of the corresponding dichlorides FeCl 2 (PP) 2 with lithium aluminium hydride in THF solution provided that ethanol or more acidic reagents are not employed during the reaction work‐up. The dihydrides are notably basic compounds and can be protonated reversibly by alcohols. The dihydrides exist as equilibrating mixtures of cis and trans isomers in solution. The cis isomers of each of the dihydrides are fluxional on the NMR timescale and NMR studies indicate that the interconversion of cis isomers does not necessarily proceed via the trans isomer.