gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring electrostatic surface potential and adsorption capacity of porous ceramics by silica-assisted sintering (2020)

In this study, we apply silica-assisted sintering to develop porous yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics with tailored electrostatic surface potential and adsorption capacity as a promising alternative to chemical functionalization. The porous bodies were formed by partial sintering at 1050 °C and were investigated regarding the influence of admixtures of silica particles on sintering behavior, microstructural evolution and the resulting mechanical and surface properties of the material, particularly the surface potential. With increasing silica concentration, the sintering mechanism was gradually changed from solid state to liquid phase sintering, due to the wetting of YSZ by liquid silica and a resulting inhibition of mass transport, particle growth and diffusion-induced densification. Most importantly, due to the silica layer development, the isoelectric point (IEP) of the YSZ/silica material surfaces was systematically shifted towards the IEP of silica from pH 9.4 to 1.2 resulting in a more pronounced negative surface potential at neutral pH. The relationship between surface IEP and silica concentration was mathematically described using the IEPs of the starting materials, the YSZ particle radius and the glass layer thickness. This estimation allows us to tailor the surface coverage of the YSZ matrix with silica as well as the resulting electrostatic surface potential. We further demonstrate how the applied processing route can be effectively used to develop ceramics with specified adsorption capacities for protein immobilization for use in filtration, bioprocessing or biomaterial applications.
Access order and effective bandwidth for streams on a Direct Rambus memory (1999)

Processor speeds are increasing rapidly and memory speeds are not keeping up. Streaming computations (such as multimedia or scientific applications) are among those whose performance is most limited by the memory bottleneck. Rambus hopes to bridge the processor/memory performance gap with a recently introduced DRAM that can deliver up to 1.6 Gbytes/sec. We analyze the performance of these interesting new memory devices on the inner loops of streaming computations, both for traditional memory controllers that treat all DRAM transactions as random cacheline accesses, and for controllers augmented with streaming hardware. For our benchmarks, we find that accessing unit-stride streams in cacheline bursts in the natural order of the computation exploits from 44-76% of the peak bandwidth of a memory system composed of a single Direct RDRAM device, and that accessing streams via a streaming mechanism with a simple access ordering scheme can improve performance by factors of 1.18 to 2.25.
Trabeculectomy: a retrospective long-term follow-up of 444 cases. (1981)

The results of the surgical procedure of trabeculectomy, as performed by the staff of the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital from 1974 to 1979 inclusive on 356 patients (444 eyes) are presented, with particular emphasis not only on intraocular pressure control but on operative and postoperative long-term complications. Its position in the surgical treatment of glaucoma is confirmed, but the attendant surgical and long-term side effects associated with trabeculectomy appear to be more widespread and problematical than previous reports would suggest.
DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods, and Applications. 2nd Ed By K. Weising (University of Kassel), H. Nybom (Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences), K. Wolff (University of Newcastle upon Tyne), and G. Kahl (University of Frankfurt). Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 2005. xxviii + 444 pp. 6 × 9 in. $99.95. ISBN 0-8493-1488-7. (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTDNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods, and Applications. 2nd Ed By K. Weising (University of Kassel), H. Nybom (Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences), K. Wolff (University of Newcastle upon Tyne), and G. Kahl (University of Frankfurt). Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 2005. xxviii + 444 pp. 6 × 9 in. $99.95. ISBN 0-8493-1488-7.Michelle R. Lum and Ann M. HirschView Author Information University of California−Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69, 7, 1117–1118Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2006Publication History Published online17 June 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np068231shttps://doi.org/10.1021/np068231sbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society and American Society of PharmacognosyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dietary supplements,Forensic chemistry,Genetics,Isolation,Plants Get e-Alerts
SIRT1 stabilizes PML promoting its sumoylation (2010)

SIRT1, the closest mammalian homolog of yeast Sir2, is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase with relevant functions in cancer, aging, and metabolism among other processes. SIRT1 has a diffuse nuclear localization but is recruited to the PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) after PML upregulation. However, the functions of SIRT1 in the PML-NBs are unknown. In this study we show that primary mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking SIRT1 contain reduced PML protein levels that are increased after reintroduction of SIRT1. In addition, overexpression of SIRT1 in HEK-293 cells increases the amount of PML protein whereas knockdown of SIRT1 reduces the size and number of PML-NBs and the levels of PML protein in HeLa cells. SIRT1 stimulates PML sumoylation in vitro and in vivo in a deacetylase-independent manner. Importantly, the absence of SIRT1 reduces the apoptotic response of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells and favors the extent of this PML-sensitive virus replication. These results show a novel function of SIRT1 in the control of PML and PML-NBs.
Epitaxial growth of Al on Si(111) and Si(100) by ionized-cluster beam (1984)

Epitaxial Al films were deposited on clean Si(111) and Si(100) by ionized-cluster beam at room temperature. Crystalline orientation was studied by reflection electron diffraction during and after the deposition of the 360-nm-thick Al films. Ion channeling spectra, optical reflectance spectra, and scanning electron micrographs were taken to evaluate the properties of the deposited films and to elucidate the effects of acceleration of ionized clusters. It was found that the films did not give rise to hillock and alloy penetration at the interface after 450 °C thermal treatment.
Fault-tolerant guidance and control design for reentry hypersonic flight vehicles based on control-allocation approach (2014)

In this paper, an integrated fault-tolerant guidance and control scheme is proposed for reentry hypersonic vehicles. Firstly, a predictor-corrector reentry guidance controller in guidance loop is designed for guidance commands to generate the desired angle of attach and bank angle commands that satisfy the reentry constraints. Then, a backstepping control algorithm is designed for attitude loop to track the desired guidance commands. Through a control allocation approach, the required control surface deflections are calculated. The control surface faults are considered and the remaining healthy control surfaces are distributed in an optimal way to compensate the influence of the failed surface. Simulation results under different scenarios, including both normal and fault situations, are presented to show the performance of the proposed integrated guidance and control scheme.
Evaluation of Flexible Linear Tricationic Salts as Gas-Phase Ion-Pairing Reagents for the Detection of Divalent Anions in Positive Mode ESI-MS (2008)

Anion analysis is of great importance to many scientific areas of interest. Problems with negative mode ESI-MS prevent researchers from achieving sensitive detection for anions. Recently, we have shown that cationic reagents can be paired with anions, such that detection can be done in the positive mode, allowing for low limits of detections for anions using ESI-MS. In this analysis, we present the use of 16 newly synthesized flexible linear tricationic ion-paring reagents for the detection of 11 divalent anions. These reagents greatly differ in structure from previously reported trigonal tricationic ion-pairing agents, such that they are far more flexible. Here we present the structural features of these linear trications that make for good ion-pairing agents as well as show the advantage of using these more flexible ion-pairing reagents. In fact, the limit of detection for sulfate using the best linear trication was found to be 25 times lower than when the best rigid trication was used. Also, MS/MS experiments were performed on the trication-dianion complex to significantly reduce the detection limit for many dianions. Limits of detection in this analysis were as low as 50 fg.
Issues of vibro-dynamic impact on roadbed deformability in permafrost conditions (2018)

The paper covers some issues of safety and continuous work on railroads at northern parts of the Russian Far East. The most important issue in the trackside is providing the rail roadbed stability. The problems of certain destabilization factors and their impact are not completely solved despite a great amount of publications and standard regulations. The solutions are vital for the permafrost sections where high temperatures occur. It is necessary to eliminate the causes of destabilization promptly and to have a forecast for an assessment of the roadbed repair and maintenance costs in the conditions of increased traffic, under an increased vibro-dynamic impact on the track in particular. It is connected with temperature and humidity abnormalities in permafrost under the vibro-dynamic loads in a multiyear thawing. The most negative effect on the subgrade deformation is produced by a vibro-dynamic impact appearing from class repairs of the track carried out by the maintenance vehicles. The effect enhances during the pre-winter season. The paper covers the experiments with the maintenance vehicles that provide data to be processed in building the “vehicle-track structure-embankment-subgrade” model.
Robust adaptive vector sensor processing in the presence of mismatch and finite sample support (2008)

We present analytical results which quantify the effect of system mismatch and finite sample support on acoustic vector sensor array performance. One noteworthy result is that the vector aspect of the array ldquodampensrdquo the effect of array mismatch, enabling deeper true nulls. This is accomplished because the variance of the vector sensor array spatial response (due to rotational, positional and filter gain/phase perturbations) decreases in the sidelobes, unlike arrays of omnidirectional hydrophones. When sensor orientation is measured within a reasonable tolerance, the beampattern variance dominates the average sidelobe power response. Our analysis also suggests that vector sensor array gain performance is less sensitive to rotational than to positional perturbations in the regions of interest. We analytically characterize the eigen-SNR threshold, which depends on the signal and noise covariance and the number of noise-only and signal-plus-noise snapshots, below which (asymptotically speaking) reliable detection using sample eigenvalue based techniques is not possible. Thus for a given number of snapshots, since the dimensionality of the snapshot in a vector sensor array is larger than that of a hydrophone-only array, the eigen-SNR detection threshold will be greater whenever the eigenvector information is discarded. We present processing techniques customized to the unique characteristics of vector sensors, which exploit information encoded in the sample eigenvectors and are robust to the mismatch and finite sample support issues. These methods include adaptive processing techniques with multiple white noise constraints.
USA300 Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus, United States, 2000–2013 (2015)

In the United States, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the USA300 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type causes most community-associated MRSA infections and is an increasingly common cause of health care-associated MRSA infections. USA300 probably emerged during the early 1990s. To assess the spatiotemporal diffusion of USA300 MRSA and USA100 MRSA throughout the United States, we systematically reviewed 354 articles for data on 33,543 isolates, of which 8,092 were classified as USA300 and 2,595 as USA100. Using the biomedical literature as a proxy for USA300 prevalence among genotyped MRSA samples, we found that USA300 was isolated during 2000 in several states, including California, Texas, and midwestern states. The geographic mean center of USA300 MRSA then shifted eastward from 2000 to 2013. Analyzing genotyping studies enabled us to track the emergence of a new, successful MRSA type in space and time across the country.
Specificity of Herbivore Defense Responses in a Woody Plant, Black Poplar (Populus nigra) (2019)

The specificity of woody plant defense responses to different attacking herbivores is poorly known. We investigated the responses of black poplar (Populus nigra) to leaf feeding by three lepidopteran species (Lymantria dispar, Laothoe populi and Amata mogadorensis) and two leaf beetle species (Phratora vulgatissima and Chrysomela populi). Of the direct defenses monitored, increases in trypsin protease inhibitor activity and the salicinoid salicin were triggered by herbivore damage, but this was not herbivore-specific. Moreover, the majority of leaf salicinoid content was present constitutively and not induced by herbivory. On the other hand, volatile emission profiles did vary among herbivore species, especially between coleopterans and lepidopterans. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were induced in damaged and adjacent undamaged leaves, while the emission of green leaf volatiles, aromatic and nitrogen-containing compounds (known to attract herbivore enemies) was restricted to damaged leaves. In conclusion, indirect defenses appear to show more specific responses to attacking herbivores than direct defenses in this woody plant.
ANALYTICAL DERIVATION OF LAMINAR PREMIXED FLAME IMPULSE RESPONSE TO EQUIVALENCE RATIO PERTURBATIONS (2014)

Based on the analytical G-Equation model, the linear response of conical premixed flames to equivalence ratio fluctuations is derived analytically in the time domain. The resulting impulse response of the flame yields insight into the competing mechanisms of flame response. These are flame restoration and convection of the perturbing equivalence ratio fluctuations along the flame front. The time scales corresponding to each response mechanism are identified. Previous results found in literature of analytical formulations for the flame transfer functions in the frequency domain are confirmed. In addition, the present results are compared to numerical results of aG-Equation solver and to a direct numerical simulation of a laminar premixed flame with global chemical mechanism.
The Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Gene Product, B18R, Neutralizes Interferon Alpha and Alleviates Histopathological Complications in an HIV Encephalitis Mouse Model (2014)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) has been identified as a neurotoxin that plays a prominent role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders and HIV encephalitis (HIVE) pathology. IFN-α is associated with cognitive dysfunction in other inflammatory diseases where IFN-α is upregulated. Trials of monoclonal anti-IFN-α antibodies have been generally disappointing possibly due to high specificity to limited IFN-α subtypes and low affinity. We investigated a novel IFN-α inhibitor, B18R, in an HIVE/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. Immunostaining for B18R in systemically treated HIVE/SCID mice suggested the ability of B18R to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Real-time PCR indicated that B18R treatment resulted in a decrease in gene expression associated with IFN-α signaling in the brain. Mice treated with B18R were found to have decreased mouse mononuclear phagocytes and significant retention of neuronal arborization compared to untreated HIVE/SCID mice. Increased mononuclear phagocytes and decreased neuronal arborization are key features of HIVE. These results suggest that B18R crosses the BBB, blocks IFN-α signaling, and it prevents key features of HIVE pathology. These data suggest that the high affinity and broad IFN-α subtype specificity of B18R make it a viable alternative to monoclonal antibodies for the inhibition of IFN-α in the immune-suppressed environment.
Phytochemicals in olive‐leaf extracts and their antiproliferative activity against cancer and endothelial cells (2009)

Olive oil compounds is a dynamic research area because Mediterranean diet has been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Olive leaves, an easily available natural material of low cost, share possibly a similar wealth of health benefiting bioactive phytochemicals. In this work, we investigated the antioxidant potency and antiproliferative activity against cancer and endothelial cells of water and methanol olive leaves extracts and analyzed their content in phytochemicals using LC-MS and LC-UV-SPE-NMR hyphenated techniques. Olive-leaf crude extracts were found to inhibit cell proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human urinary bladder carcinoma (T-24) and bovine brain capillary endothelial (BBCE). The dominant compound of the extracts was oleuropein; phenols and flavonoids were also identified. These phytochemicals demonstrated strong antioxidant potency and inhibited cancer and endothelial cell proliferation at low micromolar concentrations, which is significant considering their high abundance in fruits and vegetables. The antiproliferative activity of crude extracts and phytochemicals against the cell lines used in this study is demonstrated for the first time.
THE INFLUENCE OF FOOTWELL INTRUSION ON LOWER EXTREMITY RESPONSE AND INJURY IN FRONTAL CRASHES (1995)

Lower extremity injuries are a frequent, costly, and debilitating result of automobile crashes. Accident surveys attribute most below-knee injuries to intrusion of the footwell structure. This paper correlates the level of footwell intrusion with the frequency and severity of lower limb injury. The 1988-1993 NASS files reveal that the severity and likelihood of below-knee injuries are highly dependent on the vehicle change in velocity during the crash and the level of intrusion, but not on the size of the vehicle. Nevertheless, 71% of below-knee injuries sustained by front seat occupants in head-on crashes occur with less than 3 cm of intrusion. A trauma center study of lower extremity injuries sustained in severe crashes showed trends similar to the NASS results. NHTSA crash test data exhibited no correlation between axial leg load and the magnitude of footwell intrusion. A parametric computer simulation of offset frontal crashes also showed little sensitivity of the axial load to the level of intrusion. The accident investigations, crash test data, and simulation results suggest that factors such as the vehicle's change in velocity and the rate and timing of intrusion must be considered when examining injury mechanisms of the lower extremities.
Mouse epidermal cell proliferation after a single application of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). (1983)

Hairless mouse epidermis was treated topically with a single application of undiluted DMSO. Epidermal cell proliferation during the following 72 hr was examined by means of DNA flow cytometry, [3H]TdR autoradiography, and a stathmokinetic method with colcemid. Topical application of DMSO was followed by perturbations in the epidermal cell proliferation that were in general similar to those observed in epidermal regeneration due to sudden cell loss. In contrast to such regenerative reactions, no hyperplasia could be detected after DMSO treatment, in spite of a consistently increased mitotic rate the first 3 days after DMSO treatment. The augmented epidermal cell production following exposure to DMSO therefore appears to be balanced by a correspondingly increased cell loss.
A Novel Spontaneous Alternating Copolymerization of Methoxyallene with 4-Chlorophenyl Isocyanate (1989)

Abstract The spontaneous alternating copolymerization of methoxyallene with 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate proceeded through zwitterion to give polyamide having highly reactive exo-methylene groups bonded onto polymer backbone, accompanying the partial formation of β-lactam derivatives.
Thyroidal Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodule and Paranodular Tissue*) (2009)

Thyroidal thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroglobulin (Tg) and T4/T3 ratio were investigated in nodular and paranodular tissue from 16 patients with autonomously functioning thyroid adenomas. The concentration of T4 and T3 in the nodule were 97.7 +/- 20.5 (Mean +/- SE) and 10.2 +/- 2.4 micrograms/g wet weight (w.w.). Both iodothyronines were significantly lower in paranodular tissue (22.6 +/- 4.8 and 1.45 +/- 0.32 micrograms/g w.w., respectively), but with disproportionately decreased T3 which resulted in T4/T3 ratio (25.4 +/- 6.4) higher than in adenoma tissue (11.2 +/- 1.6). In patients with high normal or supranormal serum T3 concentration, thyroidal concentration of T3 in adenoma tissue was higher (15.6 +/- 5.0 vs. 6.3 +/- 1.2 micrograms/g w.w.) and T4/T3 ratio lower (8.05 +/- 2.1 vs. 13.2 +/- 1.9) than in patients with normal serum T3. The results suggest that thyroid release of T3 from adenoma is relatively higher than T4 in patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and increased peripheral T3.
Effective structural chirality of beetle cuticle determined from transmission Mueller matrices using the Tellegen constitutive relations (2019)

Several beetle species in the Scarabaeoidea superfamily reflect left-handed polarized light due to a circular Bragg structure in their cuticle. The right-handed polarized light is transmitted. The objective here is to evaluate cuticle chiral properties in an effective medium approach using transmission Mueller matrices assuming the cuticle to be a bianisotropic continuum. Both differential decomposition and nonlinear regression were used in the spectral range of 500–1690 nm. The former method provides the sample cumulated birefringence and dichroic optical properties and is model-free but requires a homogeneous sample. The materials chirality is deduced from the circular birefringence and circular dichroic spectra obtained. The regression method requires dispersion models for the optical functions but can also be used in more complex structures including multilayered and graded media. It delivers the material properties in terms of model functions of materials’ permittivity and chirality. The two methods show excellent agreement for the complex-valued chirality spectrum of the cuticle.