gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International Symposium on Cereal Leaf Blights (ISCLB) 2019: Book of Abstracts (2019)

Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), is among the most commercially important global pathogens of wheat.Recently, both genetic factors of the previously characterised gene-for-gene interaction between Z. tritici and wheat have been identified: the wheat receptor-like kinase Stb6 and the Z. tritici secreted protein AvrStb6.Subsequently, historic collections of Z. tritici collected around the world have been used to analyse AvrStb6 genetic diversity.However, which of the identified AvrStb6 haplotypes confer virulence on wheat possessing Stb6 and the frequency of virulence in the global populations remain unknown.Here, we re-sequenced AvrStb6 from recent field populations of Z. tritici
Additional antianginal and anti‐ischemic efficacy of mibefradil in patients concomitantly treated with long‐acting nitrates for chronic stable angina pectoris (1998)

This study demonstrates that mibefradil 50 mg once daily in the setting of the background long-acting nitrate therapy produces additive antianginal and anti-ischemic effects and is extremely well tolerated.
Picosecond acoustics in semiconductor quantum wells (Invited Paper) (2005)

Picosecond acoustic phonon pulses are generated with ultrashort laser pulses in a sample containing three GaAs-Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>0.7</sub>As quantum wells of different thickness. The pump photon energy is tuned through the <i>hh</i>1-<i>e</i>1 transitions of each well (1.44 - 1.64 eV) and the probe photon energy is chosen to allow detection of the phonon pulses at the sample surface (3.06 eV). Transient optical reflectance and phase changes are recorded as a function of the delay time between the pump and probe light pulses using an interferometric technique. The transition between the valence and conduction sublevels of the wells is observed to strongly influence the pump-photon-energy dependence of the acoustic phonon pulse generation. The data are analyzed with a model that relates the carrier wavefunctions in the quantum wells to the acoustic strain through the deformation potential, and the acoustic strain to the transient optical reflectance and phase.
Identification of 2 putative critical segments of 17q gain in neuroblastoma through integrative genomics (2007)

Partial gain of chromosome arm 17q is the most frequent genetic change in neuroblastoma (NB) and constitutes the strongest independent genetic factor for adverse prognosis. It is assumed that 1 or more genes on 17q contribute to NB pathogenesis by a gene dosage effect. In the present study, we applied chromosome 17 tiling path BAC arrays on a panel of 69 primary tumors and 28 NB cell lines in order to reduce the current smallest region of gain and facilitate identification of candidate dosage sensitive genes. In all tumors and cell lines with 17q gain, large distal segments were consistently present in extra copies and no interstitial gains were observed. In addition to these large regions of distal gain with breakpoints proximal to coordinate 44.3 Mb (17q21.32), smaller regions of gain (distal to coordinate 60 Mb at 17q24.1) were found superimposed on the larger region in a minority of cases. Positional gene enrichment analysis for 17q genes overexpressed in NB showed that dosage sensitive NB oncogenes are most likely located in the gained region immediately distal to the most distal breakpoint of the 2 breakpoint regions. Interestingly, comparison of gene expression profiles between primary tumors and normal fetal adrenal neuroblasts revealed 2 gene clusters on chromosome 17q that are overexpressed in NB, i.e. a region on 17q21.32 immediately distal to the most distal breakpoint (in cases with single regions of gain) and 17q24.1, a region coinciding with breakpoints leading to superimposed gain.
Leveraging Open Data and Task Augmentation to Automated Behavioral Coding of Psychotherapy Conversations in Low-Resource Scenarios (2022)

In psychotherapy interactions, the quality of a session is assessed by codifying the communicative behaviors of participants during the conversation through manual observation and annotation. Developing computational approaches for automated behavioral coding can reduce the burden on human coders and facilitate the objective evaluation of the intervention. In the real world, however, implementing such algorithms is associated with data sparsity challenges since privacy concerns lead to limited available in-domain data. In this paper, we leverage a publicly available conversation-based dataset and transfer knowledge to the low-resource behavioral coding task by performing an intermediate language model training via meta-learning. We introduce a task augmentation method to produce a large number of “analogy tasks” — tasks similar to the target one — and demonstrate that the proposed framework predicts target behaviors more accurately than all the other baseline models.
Theoretical modelling and experimental verification of the influence of Cr edge profiles on microscopic-optical edge signals for COG masks (2006)

Different types of dimensional metrology instrumentation is in use today for production control of photomasks, namely SEM, AFM as well as optical microscopy and optical scatterometry. High resolution optical microscopy is still important as a reference metrology system, especially because it is sensitive to the optical effects induced e. g. by 2D or 3D details of features on photomasks. Particularly with regard to accurate optical CD measurements a thorough modelling of the optical imaging process on the basis of rigorous diffraction calculation is essential, which accounts for both polarisation effects and the 2D or 3D geometry of the structures. At PTB we use two different rigorous diffraction models to calculate the intensity distribution in the image plane, i.e. the rigorous coupled wave analysis method and the finite elements method. The question arises how accurate the influence of edge details on the microscopic-optical edge signals can be modelled. To answer this question we performed systematic experimental studies on COG test structures with varying height, edge angles and edge profiles. These geometric profile parameters of the test structures have been characterised by AFM measurements. Additionally top CD's of the features have been measured using both a CD-SEM and a metrological AFM. We present UV-optical CD measurements of these test structures and analysed them taking into account the measured profile details and, for comparison, using a simple binary structure model. The CD values determined are compared with the corresponding AFM and SEM values. The good agreement obtained for the optical, AFM and SEM top CD values shows that the optical effects of edge profile details can be modelled correctly with the two models applied. The results again demonstrate the necessity of rigorous model based analysis of the optical measurements, taking into account the edge profile details.
The Clinical Value of Echocardiography and Acoustic Cardiography to Monitor Patients Undergoing Anthracycline Chemotherapy (2012)

Patients with systolic dysfunction early after anthracycline treatment had worse outcome. Acoustic cardiography was able to identify these patients with a high sensitivity and specificity. Based on the findings of this study, we propose a simple algorithm to monitor patients undergoing anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.
Set-up mathématique : prévision des déplacements antéro-postérieurs et verticaux dans les ostéotomies de Le Fort I (1995)

La prévision céphalométrique en chirurgie orthognathique est faite en général en utilisant des calques séparés des structures cranio-faciales (maxillaire et mandibule). Les calques sont déplacés sur le céphalogramme préopératoire de manière à simuler la chirurgie.Les déplacements des calques sont très simples, ainsi il est facile de calculer directement l'ostéotomie sans emploi de procédés graphiques.Les formules mathématiques donnant les déplacements orthognathiques dans le cas de chirurgie de Le Fort I, sont présentées et testées par l'étude de 14 patients.
Vitamin K-dependent Calcium Binding Proteins in Aortic Valve Calcification (1980)

The pathogenesis of valvar calcification, which complicates the course of cardiac valve disease and also affects tissue valve prostheses, is incompletely understood. The present work explores the possible role of the vitamin K-dependent, calcium-binding amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in valve mineralization. Gla is normally found in the vitamin K-dependent clotting factor proteins, and is also present in unique calcium binding proteins in bone, kidney, and lung. Unique Gla-containing proteins have also been isolated from pathologic calcifications including calcium containing renal stones and calcified atherosclerotic plaque. Calcified valves including specimens with calcific aortic stenosis, calcified porcine xenograft valves, and a calcified aortic homograft valve were analyzed for Gla content, complete amino acid analysis, and tissue calcium and phosphorus levels. Normal porcine valves contained protein-bound Gla (2.0-10.6 Gla/10(4) amino acids): no Gla was present in normal valve leaflets. Furthermore, Gla levels paralleled tissue calcium content in the calcified valves. In addition, complete amino acid analysis indicated a decline in valvar collagen content plus increased acidic proteins in conjunction with valvar calcification and the presence of Gla-containing proteins. These results suggest that calcific valvar disease may result in part from vitamin K-dependent processes.
Collaborating “ocean ecologists” assess achievements, prepare for challenges (1999)

Remarkable advances in our understanding of the biology and ecology of the world's oceans are leading to a newer, more integrative approach to investigations of those oceans. The approach, which we have called “ocean ecology” is blurring previous distinctions between marine ecology and biological oceanography. Researchers in those fields now collaborate and trade methods and scientific perspectives and, as a result, find themselves part of the intellectual underpinnings and histories of subdisciplines other than their own. Collaboration comes none too soon. One of the greatest challenges facing ocean ecologists in the present and coming decades is understanding and resolving anthropogenic versus natural variability and change. The need is urgent to focus investigations on coastal ocean degradation and its acceleration and to deal effectively with environmental change wrought by humans.
Balancing Cost and Performance During Design (2006)

Abstract Design and Production can take advantage of new developments in Critical Parameter Management (CPM) to manage the relationships between parts, assemblies, function, and cost. Elements in a WBS/BOM structure can be linked to function, cost, and performance definitions and viewed in a critical parameter tree. Through a series of transfer functions, a dynamic relationship is created to compute and track the results of parameter changes on cost and performance. Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) related techniques are also supported to allow engineers to make these connections and track the cost impact of designs based on performance decisions. This presentation will define the interconnected architecture including customer inputs, system requirements, critical parameters, the effect of parameter variations, transfer functions and the effect of multiple inputs on cost and affordability.
Parameter estimation in Multiple-Image Radiography (2008)

Multiple-Image Radiography (MIR) is an analyzer-based phase sensitive X-ray imaging method, which is a potential alternative for conventional radiography. MIR simultaneously generates three planar images containing information about attenuation, refraction and scattering properties of the object. The three parametric images in MIR are estimated from angular samples of the angular intensity profile (AIP) of the beam using the analyzer crystal. Like many of the modern imaging techniques, MIR is a computing imaging method and the noise in MIR, in addition to the imaging conditions, depends on the estimation of the parameters. In this work, we continue the evaluation of a new parameter estimation method for MIR by using the MIR images from a cadaveric human thumb study. We also compare this new method to the conventional estimator by using the mean square error of the estimated images and the variance of the estimators as metrics.
Identification of Novel Endogenous Cytochrome P450 Arachidonate Metabolites with High Affinity for Cannabinoid Receptors (2008)

Arachidonic acid is an essential constituent of cell membranes that is esterified to the sn-2-position of glycerophospholipids and is released from selected lipid pools by phospholipase cleavage. The released arachidonic acid can be metabolized by three enzymatic pathways: the cyclooxygenase pathway forming prostaglandins and thromboxanes, the lipoxygenase pathway generating leukotrienes and lipoxins, and the cytochrome P450 (cP450) pathway producing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The present study describes a novel group of cP450 epoxygenase-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid, termed 2-epoxyeicosatrienoylglycerols (2-EG), including two regioisomers, 2-(11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol (2-11,12-EG) and 2-(14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol (2-14,15-EG), which are both produced in the kidney and spleen, whereas 2-11,12-EG is also detected in the brain. Both 2-11,12-EG and 2-14,15-EG activated the two cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtypes, CB1 and CB2, with high affinity and elicited biological responses in cultured cells expressing CB receptors and in intact animals. In contrast, the parental arachidonic acid and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids failed to activate CB1 or CB2 receptors. Thus, these cP450 epoxygenase-dependent metabolites are a novel class of endogenously produced, biologically active lipid mediators with the characteristics of endocannabinoids. This is the first evidence of a cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonate metabolite that can activate G-protein-coupled cell membrane receptors and suggests a functional link between the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and the endocannabinoid system.
An Albumin‐Activated Far‐Red Fluorochrome for In Vivo Imaging (2005)

The far-red indocyanine fluorochrome VM315 significantly increases its fluorescence upon binding albumin, but not other proteins. Experimental tumor detection in multiple xenograft cancer models is greatly improved. This small-molecule probe is expected to find wide-spread application in the in vivo fluorescence imaging of various disease processes.
Rabies (2021)

Rabies is a fatal tropical disease, claiming the lives of thousands of people annually in the endemic areas (mainly in Africa and Asia). It is a zoonotic viral disease where the viruses of the Lyssavirus genus are transmitted to the host via the saliva of an infected animal. Dogs are the most important reservoir for rabies viruses, and dog bites account for &gt;99% of human cases. The infection involves the peripheral motor neurons initially, and florid symptoms are seen once the virus reaches the central nervous system. Development of the clinical disease invariably follows a fatal course. In case of an animal exposure, clinical diseases can be effectively prevented by a timely post-exposure prophylaxis, depending on the exposure category, which includes local wound decontamination, rabies vaccination, and immunoglobulin administration. The primary prevention is aimed at the vaccination of stray dogs. A holistic approach is required to eradicate human rabies, involving both the government and the public by spreading disease awareness, early post-exposure prophylaxis, adoption and immunization of stray dogs, and pre-exposure vaccination of at-risk people. Prevention is the key to achieve the WHO goal of reducing the number of cases of dog-mediated human rabies to zero by 2030.
Chlorotrimethylsilane: A Suitable Reagent for the Synthesis of Chlorohydrin Esters. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atomic Resolution X-ray Standing Wave Microstructural Characterization of NLO-Active Self-Assembled Chromophoric Superlattices (1997)

This contribution reports the first X-ray standing wave structural characterization of self-assembled NLO-active chromophoric multilayers (SAMs). These siloxane-based self-assembled stilbazolium multilayers are intrinsically acentric and exhibit very large second-order nonlinear optical responses. The locations of bromide ions within the SAMs were precisely determined using X-ray standing waves generated by total external reflection from mirror surfaces as well as by Bragg diffraction from layered synthetic microstructures. The large coherent fraction (i.e., small Gaussian distribution width) of the Br- ions provides direct evidence for the high structural regularity of these self-assembled multilayers along the surface normal direction. These results are supported by atomic force microscopic (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies which probe the structural regularity and chemical composition of SAMs, respectively. The anion surface coverage has also been measured in this study (2.5(5) × 1014 Br-/cm2) and is in excellent agreement with the cation surface coverage measured by second harmonic generation (2(1) × 1014 molecules/cm2). These results clearly demonstrate the utility of X-ray standing wave analyses as a quantitative microstructural probe for self-assembled mono- and multilayers, especially for SAMs with incommensurate structures.
Ellagic acid inhibits growth and arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. (2005)

It is well documented that N-acetyltransferase (NAT) plays a key role in the N-acetylation of arylamine compounds. Ellagic acid was demonstrated to elicit dose-dependent bacteriostatic activity and inhibition of N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (AF). N-acetylation of AF in S. aureus was determined by high preformance liquid chromatography. The apparent values of Km and Vmax of NAT were decreased after co-treatment with 0.5 mM ellagic acid in the cytosol of S. aureus. PCR also indicated that ellagic acid inhibited NAT gene expression (NAT mRNA) in S. aureus.
Significance of optical coherence tomography in the assessment of laryngeal lesions (2008)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new promising imaging modality in laryngology as yet of undetermined value. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of this noninvasive method to make a reliable prediction of diagnosis in laryngeal disease. In a prospective study, 225 benign and malignant laryngeal lesions were examined with a fiber-based OCT system in contact mode during elective microlaryngoscopy. Intraoperative OCT findings were compared to conventional histopathology supplying a correct specific diagnosis in about 90% of cases. With increasing experience, a reliable prediction of invasive tumor growth and often the exact grade of dysplasia were possible. Due to the current spatial resolution of OCT, microinvasive cancer could not be safely delineated from severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. In contrast, benign lesions made no essential diagnostic difficulties due to their characteristic OCT image. In conclusion, OCT has proved to be very useful in the diagnostic investigation and the intraoperative monitoring of laryngeal disease.
EMG in Exercise Physiology and Sports (2016)

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is useful in studying many issues of motor control. This chapter analyzes the issues of coactivation, onset muscle timing, and characterization of exercise under the viewpoint of muscle coordination. Surface EMG has been widely used to study muscle coordination during locomotion such as walking, running, and cycling. The pattern of muscle activation during locomotion can be analyzed in terms of activity level and/or activation timing. A motor unit (MU) consists of a motoneuron in the spinal cord and the muscle fibers it innervates. The electrical activity in a muscle is determined by the number of motor units recruited and their mean discharge frequency of excitation, that is, the same factors that determine muscle force. The chapter investigates the physiological effects of static stretching upon delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in conjunction with the spinal alpha motoneuron pool excitability.
Negative differential output conductance of self heated power MOSFETs (1986)

Pulsed and continuous operational curves for MOS power transistors are compared. The latter show pronounced negative differential output conductance of the drain, which is explained in terms of a mathematical model. The potential hazards of this phenomenon are discussed.
Combustion Phenomena of Alcohols in C. I. Engines (1989)

A study was conducted on a direct-injection, single-cylinder, research-type diesel engine to determine the effect of adding ethanol or isopropanol to diesel fuel on the ignition delay period. The test parameters were alcohol content, intake-air properties, and fuel-air ratio. It was found that the ignition delay of alcohol-diesel blends is prolonged as the alcohol content is increased. Ethanol-diesel blends developed longer ignition delays than those developed by isopropanol-diesel blends. The results showed that ignition delay of alcohol-diesel blends can be effectively shortened using intake-air preheating and/or supercharging. The high activation energy of alcohols with respect to diesel fuel is believed to be responsible for the long ignition delays associated with the use of alcohols as alternate fuels in compression ignition engines.
Clinical Indicators of the Need for Telemetry Postoperative Monitoring in Patients With Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (2017)

A high preoperative value of CO2 should be a warning for possible prolonged episodes of desaturation postoperatively. An attempt to limit postoperative desaturation events should be made to minimize length of stay.
The Merging of Computers and Video: Using Ethernet and SCSI for Digital Video Input and Output (1994)

As computer processing power increases and prices dramatically decrease, video facilities are looking to replace dedicated hardware with general-purpose computers running software tailored for video applications. This revolution in the computer industry has also led to the proliferation of 3-D computer graphics departments in most video facilities. Ethernet and SCSI greatly enhance the versatility and functionality of video peripherals connected to computers. Currently digital disk recorders are the most common video peripherals that use SCSI and Ethernet to integrate with computers. Ethernet and SCSI permit the disk recorder to take full advantage of the multiuser and multitasking UNIX operating system. In addition, Ethernet and SCSI are the simplest way to integrate video into a computer environment. This article helps to explain some of the technical issues involved in integrating computers with video.