gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Control Module for a Digital Electromagnetic Actuators Array (2013)

In this paper, a digital actuators array composed of 25 elementary digital actuators placed in a 5 × 5 matrix configuration is presented. The originality of the elementary digital actuator lies in its ability to reach four discrete positions in a horizontal xy-plane. An analytical model of the array is presented and has been used to design an experimental prototype. A control module is proposed to independently or simultaneously control the elementary actuators along two displacement axes. This module is based on a control strategy and on a dedicated electrical control circuit which reduces the number of channels needed to control the array. The proposed control strategy is based on position and displacement matrices to characterize the desired motion of each elementary actuator. Experimental tests of the actuators array are presented in the paper to validate the control module. Finally, an application of the array as a xy-plane displacement device is shown.
THE FINAL COLLIMATION SYSTEM FOR THE LHC (2006)

The LHC collimation system has been re-designed over in order to address the unprecedented challenges that are faced with the 360 MJ beams at 7 TeV. The layout of the LHC has now been frozen and a final approach for collimation and cleaning has been adopted. In total 132 pure collimator locations have been reserved in the two LHC rings and can be installed in a phased approach. Up to 88 collimators of five different types will be available for initial beam operation. The system has been fully optimized for avoiding beam-induced quenches of superconducting magnets and for sufficient survival of beamline components against radioactive dose. The phased approach for LHC collimation is described, the various collimators and their functionalities are explained, and the expected system performance is summarized.
Terahertz radiation from spin coherence in diluted magnetic Semiconductors (2012)

International audience
Sweet antibiotics – the role of glycosidic residues in antibiotic and antitumor activity and their randomization (2008)

A large number of antibiotics are glycosides. In numerous cases the glycosidic residues are crucial to their activity; sometimes, glycosylation only improves their pharmacokinetic parameters. Recent developments in molecular glycobiology have improved our understanding of aglycone vs. glycoside activities and made it possible to develop new, more active or more effective glycodrugs based on these findings - a very illustrative recent example is vancomycin. The majority of attention has been devoted to glycosidic antibiotics including their past, present, and probably future position in antimicrobial therapy. The role of the glycosidic residue in the biological activity of glycosidic antibiotics, and the attendant targeting and antibiotic selectivity mediated by glycone and aglycone in antibiotics some antitumor agents is discussed here in detail. Chemical and enzymatic modifications of aglycones in antibiotics, including their synthesis, are demonstrated on various examples, with particular emphasis on the role of specific and mutant glycosyltransferases and glycorandomization in the preparation of these compounds. The last section of this review describes and explains the interactions of the glycone moiety of the antibiotics with DNA and especially the design and structure-activity relationship of glycosidic antibiotics, including their classification based on their aglycone and glycosidic moiety. The new enzymatic methodology 'glycorandomization' enabled the preparation of glycoside libraries and opened up new ways to prepare optimized or entirely novel glycoside antibiotics.
Psychomotor Skills Training in Pediatric Airway Endoscopy Simulation (2011)

Simulation-based subtask training shows promise as an effective and reproducible method to teach the complex psychomotor task of airway foreign body retrieval. Completion of the curriculum led to a significant improvement in residents' confidence in and ability to perform bronchoscopic foreign body retrieval in an infant airway mannequin.
The National Ignition Facility: The World's Largest Laser (2005)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192-beam laser facility presently under construction at LLNL. When completed, NIF will be a 1.8-MJ, 500-TW ultraviolet laser system. Its missions are to obtain fusion ignition and to perform high energy density experiments in support of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile. Four of the NIF beams have been commissioned to demonstrate laser performance including target and beam alignment. During this time, NIF demonstrated on a single-beam basis that it will meet its performance goals and demonstrated its precision and flexibility for pulse shaping, pointing, timing and beam conditioning. It also performed four important experiments for inertial confinement fusion and high energy density science. Presently, the project is installing production hardware to complete the project in 2009 with the goal to begin ignition experiments in 2010. An integrated plan has been developed including the NIF operations, user equipment such as diagnostics and cryogenic target capability, and experiments and calculations to meet this goal
Gender Difference in the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mechanical Reperfusion and 30-Day Mortality for STEMI: Results of the ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 Registry (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the treatment of patients with STEMI, with a 16% reduction in PPCI procedures similarly observed in both genders. Furthermore, we observed significantly increased in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates during the pandemic only among females. <i>Trial registration number: NCT 04412655.</i>
Verifying Physiological and Biomechanical Parameters during Continuous Swimming at Speed Corresponding to Lactate Threshold (2020)

The purpose of this study was to verify the physiological responses and biomechanical parameters measured during 30 min of continuous swimming (T30) at intensity corresponding to lactate threshold previously calculated by an intermittent progressively increasing speed test (7 × 200 m). Fourteen competitive swimmers (18.0 (2.5) years, 67.5 (8.8) kg, 174.5 (7.7) cm) performed a 7 × 200 m front crawl test. Blood lactate concentration (BL) and oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>) were determined after each 200 m repetition, while heart rate (HR), arm-stroke rate (SR), and arm-stroke length (SL) were measured during each 200 m repetition. Using the speed vs. lactate concentration curve, the speed at lactate threshold (sLT) and parameters corresponding to sLT were calculated (BL-sLT, VO<sub>2</sub>-sLT, HR-sLT, SR-sLT, and SL-sLT). In the following day, a T30 corresponding to sLT was performed and BL-T30, VΟ<sub>2</sub>-T30, HR-T30, SR-T30, and SL-T30 were measured after the 10th and 30th minute, and average values were used for comparison. VO<sub>2</sub>-sLT was no different compared to VO<sub>2-</sub>T30 (<i>p</i> > 0.05). BL-T30, HR-T30, and SR-T30 were higher, while SL-T30 was lower compared to BL-sLT, HR-sLT, SR-sLT, and SL-sLT (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Continuous swimming at speed corresponding to lactate threshold may not show the same physiological and biomechanical responses as those calculated by a progressively increasing speed test of 7 × 200 m.
Introducing Task-Containers as an Alternative to Runtime-Stacking (2016)

The advent of many-core architectures poses new challenges to the MPI programming model which has been designed for distributed memory message passing. It is now clear that MPI will have to evolve in order to exploit shared-memory parallelism, either by collaborating with other programming models (MPI+X) or by introducing new shared-memory approaches. This paper considers extensions to C and C++ to make it possible for MPI Processes to run into threads. More generally, a thread-local storage (TLS) library is developed to simplify the collocation of arbitrary tasks and services in a shared-memory context called a task-container. The paper discusses how such containers simplify model and service mixing at the OS process level, eventually easing the collocation of arbitrary tasks with MPI processes in a runtime agnostic fashion, opening alternatives to runtime stacking.
END-OF-WASTE MATERIAL AND BY-PRODUCTS SUITABLE FOR CERAMIC TILE INDUSTRY (2018)

The European regulations encourage industries towards a green and circular&#13;\neconomy in which “reuse” and “preparation for reuse” are keywords to reach an&#13;\nInnovating-to-Zero, ideal future at zero emission, zero waste and zero non-recyclable&#13;\nproducts. Directive 2008/98/EC sets the basic concepts and definitions related to waste&#13;\nmanagement, such as the definition of waste, recycling and recovery. Waste and&#13;\nresources are positively defined as End-of-Waste material.&#13;\nThe manufacturing of ceramic tiles is a traditional way for waste recovery with an increasing industrial interest and growing number&#13;\nof scientific papers.
Disposition of warfarin enantiomers and metabolites in patients during multiple dosing with rac‐warfarin [see comments] (1994)

1. The disposition of warfarin enantiomers and metabolites has been studied in 36 patients receiving chronic rac-warfarin therapy, titrated to approximately the same anticoagulant response. 2. A stereoselective h.p.l.c. assay was employed to determine the concentrations of (R)- and (S)-warfarin, (R,S)-warfarin alcohol and (S)-7-hydroxywarfarin in plasma and 24 h urine samples. The concentrations of (R)-7-hydroxywarfarin, (S,S)-warfarin alcohol and (R)-6- and (S)-6-hydroxywarfarin were also determined in urine samples. The fractions unbound of warfarin enantiomers were determined using equilibrium dialysis. 3. Wide variability was observed in daily dose requirements (mean 6.1 mg; range: 2.5-12 mg), in plasma concentrations of (S)-warfarin (0.48 mg l(-1); 0.11-1.02 mg l(-1)), (R)-warfarin (0.87 mg l(-1); 0.29-1.82 mg l(-1)), (R,S)-warfarin alcohol (0.31 mg l(-1); 0.02-0.72 mg l(-1)) and (S)-7-hydroxywarfarin (0.25 mg l(-1); 0.07-0.37 mg l(-1)) and the percentage unbound of (S)-warfarin (0.53%; 0.29%-0.82%) and (R)-warfarin (0.54%; 0.26%-0.96%). 4. The mean plasma clearances of warfarin enantiomers were 7.5 1 day-1 per 70 kg (2.5-22.1) for (S)-warfarin and 3.6 1 day-1 per 70 kg (1.6-8.8) for (R)-warfarin. There was a significant correlation between the estimated formation clearance of (S)-7-hydroxywarfarin and the clearance of (S)-warfarin, which accounted for much of the variability in the latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Large-scale Learning With Global Non-Decomposable Objectives. (2016)

Modern retrieval systems are often driven by an underlying machine learning model. The goal of such systems is to identify and possibly rank the few most relevant items for a given query or context. Thus, the objective we would like to optimize in such scenarios is typically a globaln on-decomposable one such as the area under the precision-recall curve, the $F_\beta$ score, precision at fixed recall, etc. In practice, due to the scalability limitations of existing approaches for optimizing such objectives, large-scale systems are trained to maximize classification accuracy, in the hope that performance as measured via the true objective will also be favorable. In this work we present a unified framework that, using straightforward building block bounds, allows for highly scalable optimization of a wide range of ranking-based objectives. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach on several real-life retrieval problems that are significantly larger than those considered in the literature, while achieving substantial improvement in performance over the accuracy-objective baseline.
Low oxygen consumption in the inner retina of the visual streak of the rabbit (2004)

The oxygen requirements of different retinal layers are of interest in understanding the vulnerability of the retina to hypoxic damage in retinal diseases with an ischemic component. Here, we report the first measurements of retinal oxygen consumption in the visual streak of the rabbit retina, the region with the highest density of retinal neurons, and compare it with that in the less-specialized region of the retina underlying the vascularized portion of the rabbit retina. Oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure oxygen tension as a function of retinal depth in anesthetized animals. Measurements were performed in the region of the retina containing overlying retinal vessels and in the center of the visual streak. Established mathematical analyses of the intraretinal oxygen distribution were used to quantify the rate of oxygen consumption in the inner and outer retina and the relative oxygen contributions from the choroidal and vitreal sides. Outer retinal oxygen consumption was higher in the visual streak than in the vascularized area (means +/- SE, 284 +/- 20 vs. 210 +/- 23 nl O2.min(-1) x cm(-2), P = 0.026, n = 10). However, inner retinal oxygen consumption in the visual streak was significantly lower than in the vascular area (57 +/- 4.3 vs. 146 +/- 12 nl O2 x min(-1) x cm(-2), P < 0.001). We conclude that despite the higher processing requirements of the inner retina in the visual streak, it has a significantly lower oxygen consumption rate than the inner retina underlying the retinal vasculature. This suggests that the oxygen uptake of the inner retina is regulated to a large degree by the available oxygen supply rather than the processing requirements of the inner retina alone.
Methods for manufacturing porous nuclear fuel elements for high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors (2023)

Methods for manufacturing porous nuclear fuel elements for use in advanced high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors (HTGR's). Advanced uranium bi-carbide, uranium tri-carbide and uranium carbonitride nuclear fuels can be used. These fuels have high melting temperatures, high thermal conductivity, and high resistance to erosion by hot hydrogen gas. Tri-carbide fuels, such as (U,Zr,Nb)C, can be fabricated using chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) to simultaneously deposit each of the three separate carbides, e.g., UC, ZrC, and NbC in a single CVI step. By using CVI, a thin coating of nuclear fuel may be deposited inside of a highly porous skeletal structure made, for example, of reticulated vitreous carbon foam.
[Vibration after effect during human walking]. (2001)

Muscular vibration effects could usually persist after the end of the stimulation. The extinction of this after-effect was studied during human walk. Six subjects performed a locomotor task (six successive steps) under control, and after bilateral Achilles' tendon vibration (70 Hz). The step frequency was enhanced (diminution of the stance phase duration) whereas the stride length tended to decrease. The relative duration of the stance phase reached back normal values with repetitions. These results demonstrated that vibration-induced effects persevere after the end of the stimulation. In addition, owing to the dynamic of the re-adaptation process, they suggested that the muscular proprioceptive input could participate in both maintaining and regulating the locomotor rhythm.
Adenovirus type 12 E1A down regulates expression of a transgene under control of a major histocompatibility complex class I promoter: evidence for transcriptional control (1989)

The E1 region of human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12 E1) represses the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes in transformed primary rodent cells. Conflicting results have been reported as to whether this E1A-mediated repression occurs at a transcriptional or a posttranscriptional level. In the present study, we show that in Ad12 E1-transformed primary baby mouse kidney cells from transgenic mice harboring the human growth hormone gene under control of an H-2K promoter both the expression of the endogenous MHC class I genes and the expression of the transgene are repressed. This experiment, as well as nuclear run-on analyses performed with single-stranded probes, revealed that Ad12 E1A inhibits MHC class I gene expression by repressing its promoter.
In Vitro Fertilization-Induced Alterations in Coagulation and Fibrinolysis as Measured by Thromboelastography (2002)

Supraphysiologic increases in estrogen produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) promote the expression of hemostatic markers. Although quantitative studies of individual markers have been performed during IVF, their results are conflicting and do not reveal the qualitative effect of each marker on the overall coagulation and fibrinolytic processes. Thrombelastograph (TEG) coagulation analysis, by contrast, provides a global measure of coagulation and fibrinolysis and can indicate the relative contributions of clotting factors, fibrinogen, and platelets to each process. We studied the serum estrogen concentrations and TEG variables in 24 women at the beginning and conclusion of an IVF stimulation cycle. Serum estradiol (E(2)) concentrations (mean +/- SD) increased from 26.9 +/- 8.6 to 2098 +/- 913 pg/mL (P < 0.005) at baseline and oocyte retrieval, respectively. The measured TEG indices demonstrated alterations in coagulation rather than fibrinolysis. Although significant changes were noted in both the clot formation time and the coagulation index (P < 0.005), all TEG values remained within the normal range. In addition, an increased role of fibrinogen in promoting clot strength was observed. These findings may assist in the treatment of IVF patients who ultimately develop thromboembolic complications as a result of ovarian hyperstimulation. IMPLICATIONS. The dramatic changes in estrogen produced by in vitro fertilization therapies result in hemostatic marker alterations. Thrombelastograph coagulation analysis, which provides a global assessment of these changes, demonstrated significant alterations in two coagulation indices (clot formation time, coagulation index), although all variables remained within normal limits. The relative importance of fibrinogen versus platelets in determining clot strength was observed. No significant alterations in fibrinolysis were detected.
Decoding Hidden Messages: Can Fecal Host Transcriptomics Open Pathways to Understanding Environmental Enteropathy? (2016)

In this issue of Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yu et al1 showed how human RNA could be isolated from feces and interrogated. They applied this technology to feces from 259 children in rural Malawi to show that host messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts encoding immune and epithelial cell adhesion proteins associate with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), defined as the percentage of lactulose excretion (%L), as a measure of barrier dysfunction, growth impairment, or both.
Hierarchical Probabilistic Macromodeling for QCA Circuits (2007)

With the goal of building an hierarchical design methodology for quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits, we put forward a novel, theoretically sound, method for abstracting the behavior of circuit components in QCA circuit, such as majority logic, lines, wire-taps, cross-overs, inverters, and corners, using macromodels. Recognizing that the basic operation of QCA is probabilistic in nature, we propose probabilistic macromodels for standard QCA circuit elements based on conditional probability characterization, defined over the output states given the input states. Any circuit model is constructed by chaining together the individual logic element macromodels, forming a Bayesian network, defining a joint probability distribution over the whole circuit. We demonstrate three uses for these macromodel-based circuits. First, the probabilistic macromodels allow us to model the logical function of QCA circuits at an abstract level - the "circuit" level - above the current practice of layout level in a time and space efficient manner. We show that the circuit level model is orders of magnitude faster and requires less space than layout level models, making the design and testing of large QCA circuits efficient and relegating the costly full quantum-mechanical simulation of the temporal dynamics to a later stage in the design process. Second, the probabilistic macromodels abstract crucial device level characteristics such as polarization and low-energy error state configurations at the circuit level. We demonstrate how this macromodel-based circuit level representation can be used to infer the ground state probabilities, i.e., cell polarizations, a crucial QCA parameter. This allows us to study the thermal behavior of QCA circuits at a higher level of abstraction. Third, we demonstrate the use of these macromodels for error analysis. We show that low-energy state configurations of the macromodel circuit match those of the layout level, thus allowing us to isolate weak points in circuits design at the circuit level itself
Jet-hadron correlations measured relative to the second order event plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV (2020)

The quark gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can be studied by measuring the modifications of jets formed by hard scattered partons which interact with the medium. We studied these modifications via angular correlations of jets with charged hadrons for jets with momenta $20&lt;{p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{jet}}&lt;40$ GeV/$c$ as a function of the associated particle momentum. The reaction plane fit method is used in this analysis to remove the flow modulated background. The analysis of angular correlations for different orientations of the jet relative to the second order event plane allows for the study of the path length dependence of medium modifications to jets. We present the dependence of azimuthal angular correlations of charged hadrons with respect to the angle of the axis of a reconstructed jet relative to the event plane in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. The dependence of particle yields associated with jets on the angle of the jet with respect to the event plane is presented. Correlations at different angles relative to the event plane are compared through ratios and differences of the yield. No dependence of the results on the angle of the jet with respect to the event plane is observed within uncertainties, which is consistent with no significant path length dependence of the medium modifications for this observable.
Straightest geodesics on polyhedral surfaces (2006)

Geodesic curves are the fundamental concept in geometry to generalize the idea of straight lines to curved surfaces and arbitrary manifolds. On polyhedral surfaces we introduce the notion of discrete geodesic curvature of curves and define straightest geodesics. This allows a unique solution of the initial value problem for geodesics, and therefore a unique movement in a given tangential direction, a property not available in the well-known concept of locally shortest geodesics.An immediate application is the definition of parallel translation of vectors and a discrete Runge-Kutta method for the integration of vector fields on polyhedral surfaces. Our definitions only use intrinsic geometric properties of the polyhedral surface without reference to the underlying discrete triangulation of the surface or to an ambient space.