gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Full CMOS 1.5 GHz Highly Linear Broadband Downconversion Mixer (1994)

This paper describes a novel CMOS mixer topology, based on the modulation of nMOS transistors in the triode region. With two extra capacitors added to the cross coupled MOSFET-C lowpass filter structure, GHz signals can be processed while only a low frequency opamp has to be used as output amplifier. The presented mixer is designed for the downconversion of broadband input signals situated in the 1 to 1.5 GHz range. This makes the mixer especially suited for the use in highly integrated receivers for wireless communication. The measured third-order intercept point (IP3) of 45.2 dBm demonstrates the high linearity of the mixer. The mixer is implemented in a 1.2 ?m CMOS technology. The power consumption is 1.3 mW from a single 5 V power supply. The total chip area is 1 mm2, but the HF part occupies only 300 ?m2 of this area.
Heterogeneity of Factor IX in Therapeutic Concentrates (1977)

In vivo and in vitro experience shows that factor IX concentrates are partially activated. A rabbit antibody to human factor IX was used to investigate the factor IX antigenic content and electrophoretic mobility of commercial products as well as experimental “activated products”. “Rocket” Immunoelectrophoresis of all concentrates showed a 1.5–3 fold increased antigenic content/unit factor IX clotting activity when compared to plasma. Two dimensional crossed Immunoelectrophoresis of standard factor IX preparation produced a single sharp peak whether electrophoresed in Ca or EDTA containing buffer. “Activated” preparations produced a dome shaped precipitin arc. The addition of plasma to factor IX concentrates yielded a marked shoulder only when the electrophoresis was done in EDTA. This effect could not be reproduced by the addition of antithrombin III (AT-III). The addition of plasma to the activated IX (IXa) revealed an even more pronounced heterogeneity whether in Ca or EDTA. The addition of AT-III produced a second precipitin peak when activated IX was electrophoresed in the presence of Ca++. These results indicate that at least three forms of factor IX exist in factor IX preparations. The absence of detectable AT-III reacting material in the regular IX preparations is a priori evidence of the absence of major amounts of IXa, whereas the presence of AT-III reacting material in the “activated” complex is evidence of biologically active material.
A randomized comparative study of artemisinine (qinghaosu) suppositories and oral quinine in acute falciparum malaria (1990)

In adult patients with acute falciparum malaria in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a more rapid reduction in parasite count (50% clearance in 11.3 h) and complete clearance (41.8 h) was obtained in 32 adult patients randomly assigned to received artemisinine suppositories than was obtained with 30 patients receiving oral quinine (20.8 h and 68.1 h). There were higher degrees of resistance (RII, 3 cases; RI early, 1 case) with quinine than with artemisinine but in a subgroup of patients quinine reduced parasitaemia as rapidly as artemisinine (50% clearance 13.6 h and 10.1 h respectively). Recrudescence (RI, delayed), occurred in 16 patients receiving artemisinine compared with 6 receiving quinine. Artemisinine suppositories, because of ease of administration, efficacy, and lack of side effects or risk of overdose, have advantages for the early treatment of falciparum malaria by possibly reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with a high or sustained parasitaemia.
Potential and viscous flows past an oil boom: The instability problem (1994)

An important problem in oil spill containment by booms is the instability of the oil-water interface at the boom. This instability, which represents the conditions under which oil can escape under the boom, is investigated. Both the potential and viscous-flow models for thin slicks in two-dimensions are developed. Analytical instability formulas are derived using the velocity potentials for attached and detached flows due to uniform current past a flat plate in finite and infinite water depths. To understand the effect of viscosity on the instability criterion, the full Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the fractional-step method in time domain to determine the pressure gradients along the boom. The numerically obtained viscous instability criterion is then compared with the potential-flow and experimentally determined instability criteria. The results show that the viscous flow model predicts a larger region of stability. It is numerically discovered from the instability criterion that the oil droplets at the boom, between the free surface and down to about 40% of the boom height can never escape, regardless of the current strength. It is also shown that the instability criterion depends weakly on the high Reynolds number. Reanalysis of the previous experimental data confirm these numerical findings.
Supplementary Methods S1 from B-cell Receptor Pathway Mutations Are Infrequent in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Continuous Ibrutinib Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental methods discussing mutation testing.&lt;/p&gt;
Ab initio intensity distribution of diffusely scattered light from rough metallic surfaces (2011)

Non-contacting characterisation of finished surface is commonly done by means of optical systems, e.g., 3D microscopy. In case of the confocal white light microscope the topography of the tribological surface is determined by measuring the intensity distribution of the reflected light. In this work the inter- and intra-layer contributions to the complex optical conductivity tensor are quantum mechanically (ab initio) calculated on the microscopic scale. Based on these complex optical layer-resolved conductivity tensors, the Maxwell equations are solved for a proper modeling of the visible light propagation trough and from a layered sample. Applied to semi-infinite bcc Fe/Fe(100), among others, the incidence dependence of the scattered light is also discussed for variously machined surfaces.
Infrared spectroscopic analysis of human and bovine articular cartilage proteoglycans using carbohydrate peak or its second derivative (2013)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy has been used to estimate the spatial proteoglycan (PG) and collagen contents in articular cartilage (AC). However, it is not clear whether the results of FTIR analyses are consistent between different species. Our aim was to clarify how three different FTIR PG parameters in use, i.e., the integrated absorbance in the carbohydrate region, the carbohydrate/amide I ratio, and the second derivative peak at 1062 cm-1, can indicate the densitometrically assessed (reference method) spatial PG content in a sample set consisting of osteoarthritic human and bovine AC samples. The results show that all the parameters can accurately reflect the PG content, when the species are analyzed separately. When all samples are pooled, the correlation with the reference method is high (r=0.760, n=104) for the second derivative peak at 1062 cm-1 and is significantly lower (p<0.05) for the carbohydrate region (r=0.587, n=104) and for the carbohydrate/amide I ratio (r=0.579, n=104). Therefore, the analysis of the carbohydrate region may provide inconsistent results, if the cartilage samples from different species are in use. Based on the present study, second derivative analysis yields more consistent results for human and bovine cartilages.
High Altitude Acoustic Soundings (1986)

Atmospheric turbulence below 300 meters has been probed with an Echosondel acoustic sounder at the Mauna Kea, Hawaii observatory. Continuous hourly averages for several months yield &quot;characteristic&quot; site profiles of and Cn2 with altitude as well as the diurnal signatures. Near surface acoustic turbulence soundings are compared to the results of observations using microthermal probes at the NOAA Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Colorado and at Mt. Livermore near. McDonald Observatory in Texas.
Single particle high resolution spectral analysis flow cytometry (2006)

It is demonstrated that the flow spectrometer has sufficient sensitivity and wavelength resolution to detect single cells and microspheres, including multi-fluorophore labeled microspheres. The capability to use both standard mathematical deconvolution techniques for data analysis, coupled with the feasibility of integration with existing flow cytometers, will improve the accuracy and precision of ratiometric measurements, enable the analysis of more discrete emission bands within a given wavelength range, and allow more precise resolution of the relative contribution of individual fluorophores in multiply-tagged samples, thereby enabling a range of new applications involving the spectral analysis of single cells and particles.
Intrasteric Inhibition of ATP Binding Is Not Required To Prevent Unregulated Autophosphorylation or Signaling by the Insulin Receptor (2001)

Receptor tyrosine kinases may use intrasteric inhibition to suppress autophosphorylation prior to growth factor stimulation. To test this hypothesis we made an Asp1161Ala mutant in the activation loop that relieved intrasteric inhibition of the unphosphorylated insulin receptor (IR) and its recombinant cytoplasmic kinase domain (IRKD) without affecting the activated state. Solution studies with the unphosphorylated mutant IRKD demonstrated conformational changes and greater catalytic efficiency from a 10-fold increase in k(cat) and a 15-fold-lower K(m ATP) although K(m peptide) was unchanged. Kinetic parameters of the autophosphorylated mutant and wild-type kinase domains were virtually identical. The Asp1161Ala mutation increased the rate of in vitro autophosphorylation of the IRKD or IR at low ATP concentrations and in the absence of insulin. However, saturation with ATP (for the IRKD) or the presence of insulin (for the IR) yielded equivalent rates of autophosphorylation for mutant versus wild-type kinases. Despite a biochemically more active kinase domain, the mutant IR expressed in C2C12 myoblasts was not constitutively autophosphorylated. However, it displayed a 2.5-fold-lower 50% effective concentration for insulin stimulation of autophosphorylation and was dephosphorylated more slowly following withdrawal of insulin than wild-type IR. In tests of the regulation of the unphosphorylated basal state, these results demonstrate that neither intrasteric inhibition against ATP binding nor suppression of kinase activity is required to prevent premature autophosphorylation of the IR. Finally, the lower rate of dephosphorylation suggests invariant residues of the activation loop such as Asp1161 may function at multiple junctures in cellular regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases.
The "Healthy Client": new client/server computing technology revolutionizing the management of information-driven systems (2002)

This paper defines the latest advances in client/server computing, and summarizes some of the technical and business-related forces making this technology popular. This paper also takes a look at how the new technologies are impacting network computing; defines a new client/server model-the "Healthy Client"-and describes how this model is effective for building and sustaining a competitive advantage for information driven systems and enterprises.
Conjugation Strategy Strongly Impacts the Conformational Stability of a PEG-Protein Conjugate (2016)

Site-specific PEGylation is an important strategy for enhancing the pharmacokinetic properties of protein drugs, and has been enabled by the recent development of many chemoselective reactions for protein side-chain modification. However, the impact of these different conjugation strategies on the properties of PEG-protein conjugates is poorly understood. Here we show that the ability of PEG to enhance protein conformational stability depends strongly on the identity of the PEG-protein linker, with the most stabilizing linkers involving conjugation of PEG to planar polar groups near the peptide backbone. We also find that branched PEGs provide superior stabilization relative to their linear counterparts, suggesting additional applications for branched PEGs in protein stabilization.
Density of serotonin receptors in rat brain following global cerebral ischemia: An autoradiographic study (1999)

Serotonin-1A receptor antagonists and serotonin-2A receptor agonists have in several studies been shown to have neuroprotective properties in roden models of cerebral ischemia A quantitative autoradiographic study was made to determine the density of serotonin-1A and serotonin-2A receptors in rat brain subjected to 10 minutes of global cerebral ischemia. The ischemic group and control group was sacrificed 24 hours after the ischemic attack. In the ischemic group of rats the density of serotonin-1A receptors was reduced in ventral dentate gyrus, lateral reticular thalamic nucleus and cortex compared to the control group. The changes in the lateral reticular thalamic nucleus and in cortex can be explained as a reflection of cell loss in these areas. However, the reduction in ventral dentate gyrus is unrelated to cell loss detected by eosin-hematoxylin staining. No changes between the to groups was seen for the serotonin-2A receptor.
Research on the 3D reconstruction method of the free-form surface based on the grid projection (2016)

The free-form surface does not has stable texture and feature points. The existing 3D reconstruction algorithms for the free-form surface extract uncertain quantity of feature points which appear in random location because of image noise and different brightness. A novel 3D reconstruction method through projecting a grid on free-form surface is presented. Gridlines are treated as texture on the free-form surface. On the basis, the feature texture is extracted and feature points are precisely matched, the 3D reconstruction is completed according to recognizing and extracting the grid feature. The method is verified its feasibility and validity after applying it on several models.
Analysis of the clustering properties of the Hilbert space-filling curve (2001)

Several schemes for the linear mapping of a multidimensional space have been proposed for various applications, such as access methods for spatio-temporal databases and image compression. In these applications, one of the most desired properties from such linear mappings is clustering, which means the locality between objects in the multidimensional space being preserved in the linear space. It is widely believed that the Hilbert space-filling curve achieves the best clustering (Abel and Mark, 1990; Jagadish, 1990). We analyze the clustering property of the Hilbert space-filling curve by deriving closed-form formulas for the number of clusters in a given query region of an arbitrary shape (e.g., polygons and polyhedra). Both the asymptotic solution for the general case and the exact solution for a special case generalize previous work. They agree with the empirical results that the number of clusters depends on the hypersurface area of the query region and not on its hypervolume. We also show that the Hilbert curve achieves better clustering than the z curve. From a practical point of view, the formulas given provide a simple measure that can be used to predict the required disk access behaviors and, hence, the total access time.
An ultra-compact integrated millimeter-wave coupled-line resonator and a bandpass filter in silicon-germanium technology (2016)

An ultra-compact integrated resonator and bandpass filters (BPF), in silicon-based technology, are presented for millimetre-wave applications. The resonator consists of two broadside-coupled lines in opposite orientations. Using this resonator, a first-order and a second-order BPFs were also designed. To prove the concept, three prototypes of each of the resonator and the first-order BPF were fabricated using a standard 0.13-μm SiGe process. The measured results show that the resonator has an attenuation of 13.7 dB at the resonance frequency of 57 GHz, while the BPF has a centre frequency of 31 GHz and an insertion loss of only 2.4 dB. Excluding the pads, the chip size of both the resonator and the BPF is extremely compact, only 0.024 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> that is equivalent to 0.001 λg <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The unloaded Q factor of the filter is higher than other state-of-the-art designs.
The design and implementation of open vSwitch (2015)

We describe the design and implementation of Open vSwitch, a multi-layer, open source virtual switch for all major hypervisor platforms. Open vSwitch was designed de novo for networking in virtual environments, resulting in major design departures from traditional software switching architectures. We detail the advanced flow classification and caching techniques that Open vSwitch uses to optimize its operations and conserve hypervisor resources. We evaluate Open vSwitch performance, drawing from our deployment experiences over the past seven years of using and improving Open vSwitch.
Transfer learning for automated optical inspection (2017)

One of the challenges in applying convolutional neural networks to automated optical inspection is the lack of sufficient training data. In this paper we show that transfer learning can be successfully applied using image data from an entirely different domain. Focusing on optical inspection of texture images, we transfer weights from a source network trained with arbitrary unrelated images from the ImageNet dataset. Inspection experiments using our method show that one epoch of fine-tuning is sufficient to achieve 99.95% classification accuracy, while conventional transfer learning without fine-tuning achieves only 78.76%. An in-depth analysis of the effects of fine-tuning reveals that after fine-tuning, most of the unnecessary features encoded in the weights of the source network are deactivated, while meaningful features of the target data are amplified to capture new variations in the target domain.
Firenze: Model Evaluation Using Weak Signals (2022)

Data labels in the security field are frequently noisy, limited, or biased towards a subset of the population. As a result, commonplace evaluation methods such as accuracy, precision and recall metrics, or analysis of performance curves computed from labeled datasets do not provide sufficient confidence in the real-world performance of a machine learning (ML) model. This has slowed the adoption of machine learning in the field. In the industry today, we rely on domain expertise and lengthy manual evaluation to build this confidence before shipping a new model for security applications. In this paper, we introduce Firenze, a novel framework for comparative evaluation of ML models' performance using domain expertise, encoded into scalable functions called markers. We show that markers computed and combined over select subsets of samples called regions of interest can provide a robust estimate of their real-world performances. Critically, we use statistical hypothesis testing to ensure that observed differences-and therefore conclusions emerging from our framework-are more prominent than that observable from the noise alone. Using simulations and two real-world datasets for malware and domain-name-service reputation detection, we illustrate our approach's effectiveness, limitations, and insights. Taken together, we propose Firenze as a resource for fast, interpretable, and collaborative model development and evaluation by mixed teams of researchers, domain experts, and business owners.
Factors influencing the amount and distribution of leaf area of pine stands (1994)

Leaf area index (LAI) of forest ecosystems determines rates of energy and material exchange between plant canopies and the atmosphere. Considerable variation exists in the value and timing of maximum LAI in pine stands. Maximum LAI (total) varied from 5 to 30 across a range of species and environments and this was reached 8 to 50 yrs after stand establishment. The variation in maximum LAI was related to multiple factors including site quality (climate and soils) and shade tolerance. Timing differences appear to be related to growth rates and stocking/stand density relationships. Rapid growth rates, well stocked stands, and warm climates result in the earliest canopy closure. Nitrogen most commonly limits LAI, although water can limit LAI in arid environments. Other nutrients may also limit LAI but have been less extensively studied. Seasonal dynamics vary considerably among pines and this is due to species dependent differences in foliar longevity. Species with relatively few foliage age classes are the most dynamic seasonally and are most responsive to environmental fluctuations. Among several pine species, vertical LAI distribution in closed canopies follows a normal distribution.
Favourable effect of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor canagliflozin plus the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor teneligliptin in combination on glycaemic fluctuation: An open‐label, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison trial (the CALMER study) (2019)

This multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, short-term (4-5 weeks) controlled trial was conducted to investigate the superiority of the effect of reducing mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) during meal tolerance tests (MTTs) for the combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor compared with SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy. Ninety-nine patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking teneligliptin (20 mg/d) were randomized to one of the following two groups: those who switched to 100 mg/d of canagliflozin (SWITCH group) or those who added 100 mg/d of canagliflozin (COMB group). MAGE in the COMB group was significantly decreased compared with that in the SWITCH group (COMB 117.5 ± 39.8 to 92.2 ± 28.0 mg/dL vs SWITCH 110.7 ± 29.8 to 104.2 ± 27.6 mg/dL; P<0.01). Mean blood glucose decreased significantly during MTTs in both groups, although the extent of the reduction was significantly greater in the COMB group (COMB 142.3 ± 28.7 to 119.5 ± 25.1 mg/dL vs SWITCH 146.4 ± 25.5 to 135.5 ± 22.4 mg/dL; P < 0.01). SGLT2 inhibitor combined with DPP-4 inhibitor therapy strongly reduced glycaemic fluctuation compared with SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy.
Modulation-Format-Independent Carrier Phase Estimation for Square M-QAM Systems (2013)

A modulation-format-independent or universal carrier phase estimation (U-CPE) technique is proposed for square 4-, 16-, and 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation transmission systems for future elastic optical networks. The proposed U-CPE is based on a feedback architecture and eliminates the need to know the signal modulation format (MF) by using a cost function in the phase estimation update that is common to all square-shaped constellations. Compared with standard decision directed phase lock loop (S-DD-PLL) that requires the knowledge of the MF, the U-CPE method maintains close OSNR performance and linewidth tolerance. When MF is agnostic, the proposed U-CPE outperforms a modulation format oblivious (MFO)-DD-PLL in which QPSK decision rules are always used irrespective of actual MF of the signal.
Adjustable, Physiological Ventricular Restraint Improves Left Ventricular Mechanics and Reduces Dilatation in an Ovine Model of Chronic Heart Failure (2007)

Ventricular restraint level affects the degree of decrease in P(tm), the degree of decrease in MVO2, and the rate of LV reverse remodeling. Periodic physiological adjustments of restraint level may be required for optimal restraint therapy efficacy.
The Measurement of Adaptation as a Method for the Demonstration of the Recruitment Phenomenon (1952)

(1952). The Measurement of Adaptation as a Method for the Demonstration of the Recruitment Phenomenon. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 42, No. 1-2, pp. 152-160.