gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple states and variable intensity in the plasma display panel (1971)

The plasma display panel, in its usual mode, retains information in the form of wall charges that determine whether or not a sequence of discharges will be maintained at a given cell. These discharges are stable in the sense that a perturbation in wall voltage at a particular discharge will damp out over the succeeding discharges. Recent work has shown that a cell in a plasma display panel can exist in one of several states, each with a unique set of wall voltages and each with a unique average intensity. As with the bistable case, each state is stable in the sense that perturbations damp out. Three states have been achieved simultaneously, with brightnesses that can be characterized as bright, medium, and dim. Within the constraints of a simple theoretical model, the conditions for stability can be stated in terms of the products of the slopes of charge transfer curves. This technique for achieving variable intensity retains the advantage, inherent in the plasma display technique, that the information, once imparted to the display, is retained as long as the sustaining signal is applied to the entire panel.
CuH-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation of Indole Derivatives with Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergence (2019)

Enantioenriched molecules bearing indole-substituted stereocenters form a class of privileged compounds in biological, medicinal, and organic chemistry. Thus, the development of methods for asymmetric indole alkylation is highly valuable in organic synthesis. Traditionally, achieving N-selectivity in indole alkylation reactions is a significant challenge, since there is an intrinsic preference for alkylation at C3, the most nucleophilic position. Furthermore, selective and predictable access to either N- or C3-alkylated chiral indoles using catalyst control has been a long-standing goal in indole functionalization. Herein, we report a ligand-controlled regiodivergent synthesis of N- and C3-alkylated chiral indoles that relies on a polarity reversal strategy. In contrast to conventional alkylation reactions in which indoles are employed as nucleophiles, this transformation employs electrophilic indole derivatives, N-(benzoyloxy)indoles, as coupling partners. N- or C3-alkylated indoles are prepared with high levels of regio- and enantioselectivity using a copper hydride catalyst. The regioselectivity is governed by the use of either DTBM-SEGPHOS or Ph-BPE as the supporting ligand. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are conducted to elucidate the origin of the ligand-controlled regiodivergence.
Host-Pathogen Interactions Made Transparent with the Zebrafish Model (2011)

The zebrafish holds much promise as a high-throughput drug screening model for immune-related diseases, including inflammatory and infectious diseases and cancer. This is due to the excellent possibilities for in vivo imaging in combination with advanced tools for genomic and large scale mutant analysis. The context of the embryo's developing immune system makes it possible to study the contribution of different immune cell types to disease progression. Furthermore, due to the temporal separation of innate immunity from adaptive responses, zebrafish embryos and larvae are particularly useful for dissecting the innate host factors involved in pathology. Recent studies have underscored the remarkable similarity of the zebrafish and human immune systems, which is important for biomedical applications. This review is focused on the use of zebrafish as a model for infectious diseases, with emphasis on bacterial pathogens. Following a brief overview of the zebrafish immune system and the tools and methods used to study host-pathogen interactions in zebrafish, we discuss the current knowledge on receptors and downstream signaling components that are involved in the zebrafish embryo's innate immune response. We summarize recent insights gained from the use of bacterial infection models, particularly the Mycobacterium marinum model that illustrate the potential of the zebrafish model for high-throughput antimicrobial drug screening.
Performance Characteristics of Prototype MR Engine Mounts Containing Glycol MR Fluids (2009)

Lord Corporation has developed glycol-based magnetorheological (MR) fluids for use in applications such as engine mounts and bushings, in which the MR fluid will contact rubber or other oil-sensitive elastomers. Prototype MR fluid engine mounts were designed with either a simple MR valve or an MR valve in combination with an inertia track. The mounts were filled with glycol MR fluids containing either 22% or 36% iron by volume, and the mounts’ dynamic responses were measured. The mounts displayed large changes in dynamic stiffness and damping that were controllable by changing the strength of the magnetic field.
Susceptible cell lines for the production of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by stable transfection of sialoadhesin and CD163 (2010)

A PRRSV susceptible cell line was constructed that can grow virus to similar levels compared to currently available cell lines. Mutations induced by growth on this cell lines were either absent or minimal and located outside known neutralizing epitopes. Together, the results show that this cell line can be used to produce vaccine virus and for PRRSV virus isolation.
Enhanced bioconversion of vanillic acid into vanillin by the use of ?natural? cellobiose (1999)

Cellulose-rich residue was obtained by a pectinase treatment of sugar beet pulp and was enzymatically degraded to produce cellobiose. From sugar beet pulp, the hydrolysis yielded 5.3% of cellobiose and 3.8% of glucose. The cellobiose-rich fraction was added in a culture medium of the filamentous fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus to test it as an activator of vanillin production. Adding the sugar beet-derived cellobiose-rich fraction to a 3-day-old culture yielded a 3.3-fold increase in vanillin production when compared to a culture devoid of cellobiose, while commercial cellobiose yielded a 3.1-fold increase. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of anti‐wrinkle effects on humans (1985)

Synopsis Image analysis provides a practical method for studying the cutaneous relief and better understanding of the formation of wrinkles during ageing and their regression induced by an anti-wrinkle product. Quantimet 900 degrees allows a fully automated analysis of 40 replicas of skin surface per cycle of 6 h. The basic principle consists of measuring shadows, generated by incident lighting at the surface of Silflo replicas. Incident light of 38 degrees was selected for analysing crow's feet wrinkles and 26 degrees for the microrelief when crow's feet were absent (slight furrows less than 50 mu-m). The following parameters were recorded: the number of wrinkles, their mean depth, and the coefficient of developed skin surface (CDSS). An O/W emulsion containing 30% biological ingredients was applied daily on the face of 140 female subjects, aged from 20 to 57 years, during 4 weeks. Replicas were made before the first application (t(0)) and 24 h after the last one (t(0)). Data obtained with the image analysis method showed a decrease in number and depth of crow's feet from t(0), to t(4) of 16% and a sharp decrease of the CDSS (30%). No modification of the microrelief was observed. These results were confirmed by measuring forehead casts with the Anaglyphographc(R) apparatus (a profilometric method) on the same subjects: a decrease of 40% in number and 23% in depth were recorded for the forehead wrinkles, with no modification of the microrelief. Both image analysis and profilometry measured the effects provoked by this treatment. The CDSS, which might measure the reservoir of extensibility of the surface of the skin, should be the best parameter to demonstrate the efficiency of anti-wrinkle products.
Orbital Kondo effect in fractional quantum Hall systems (2015)

We study transport properties of a charge qubit coupling two chiral Luttinger liquids, realized by two antidots placed between the edges of an integer $ν=1$ or fractional $ν=1/3$ quantum Hall bar. We show that in the limit of a large capacitive coupling between the antidots, their quasiparticle occupancy behaves as a pseudo-spin corresponding to an orbital Kondo impurity coupled to a chiral Luttinger liquid, while the inter antidot tunnelling acts as an impurity magnetic field. The latter tends to destabilize the Kondo fixed point for the $ν=1/3$ fractional Hall state, producing an effective inter-edge tunnelling. We relate the inter-edge conductance to the susceptibility of the Kondo impurity and calculate it analytically in various limits for both $ν=1$ and $ν=1/3$.
An optimised chemisorption cycle for power generation using low grade heat (2016)

The integration of chemisorption cycle with turbine/expander opens up enormous opportunities of recovering low grade heat to meet different energy demands including heating, cooling and power generation. In the present study, a novel advanced resorption power generation (RPG) cycle with reheating process has been proposed for the first time to significantly improve the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the basic RPG cycle. Such a reheating concept is built on the premise of chemisorption monovariant characteristic and identification of the optimal desorption temperature aiming at producing the maximum work output under the given working conditions. The identified optimal desorption temperature might be lower than the available heat source temperature, and the desorbed ammonia vapour is subsequently reheated to the heat source temperature before it undergoes vapour expansion for power generation. This study explored the potential of the proposed advanced RPG cycle and investigated the system performance using three representative resorption sorbent pairs, including manganese chloride – sodium bromide, manganese chloride – strontium chloride, and strontium chloride – sodium bromide, all with ammonia as the refrigerant. The application of reheating concept can improve the total work output of RPG cycle by 10–600%, depending on different sorbent pairs and different heat source temperatures studied in this work, e.g., when the heat source temperature is at 200 °C, the thermal efficiency is increased by 1.4–4.5 times and the exergy efficiency is boosted by 2.0–8.3 times. Another valuable merit of the proposed RPG cycle is that there is a great potential of considerable amount of additional cooling output without compromising the maximum work output, leading to further improvement of system efficiency. Compared to other bottoming cycles for power generations, the proposed advanced RPG cycle exhibits the highest thermal efficiency when the heat source temperature is between 120 °C and 200 °C.
Low energy packed tower and caustic recovery for direct capture of CO2 from air (2009)

We used a 6.5 m tall packed tower prototype to study the capturing rate of CO2 from air. The tower was operated at a pressure drop of less than 27 pa in the packing at 0.7 m/sec air speed with a counter current flow mode and with NaOH or KOH solution as the absorbent. The tower consumed an average of ∼30 kJe per mole CO2. We found that via an intermittent operation with a 5% duty cycle, the fluid pumping work reduced by 90%. A novel process for removing carbonates ions from alkaline solutions based on titanate compounds is compared to the traditional lime cycle for the caustic recovery. The titanate process reduces the high-grade heat requirement by ∼50%. The results from experimental data of leaching and precipitation test support process design of the titanate cycle. In this paper, we also present the chemical process design.
Tailoring the Surface Properties of Bi2O2NCN by in Situ Activation for Augmented Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation on WO3 and CuWO4 Heterojunction Photoanodes (2020)

Bismuth(III) oxide-carbodiimide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>NCN) has been recently discovered as a novel mixed-anion semiconductor, which is structurally related to bismuth oxides and oxysulfides. Given the structural versatility of these layered structures, we investigated the unexplored photochemical properties of the target compound for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Although Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>NCN does not generate a noticeable photocurrent as a single photoabsorber, the fabrication of heterojunctions with the WO<sub>3</sub> thin film electrode shows an upsurge of current density from 0.9 to 1.1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 1 sun (AM 1.5G) illumination in phosphate electrolyte (pH 7.0). Mechanistic analysis and structural analysis using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM EDX) indicate that Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>NCN transforms during operating conditions <i>in situ</i> to a core-shell structure Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>NCN/BiPO<sub>4</sub>. When compared to WO<sub>3</sub>/BiPO<sub>4</sub>, the <i>in situ</i> electrolyte-activated WO<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>NCN photoanode shows a higher photocurrent density due to superior charge separation across the oxide/oxide-carbodiimide interface layer. Changing the electrolyte from phosphate to sulfate results in a lower photocurrent and shows that the electrolyte determines the surface chemistry and mediates the PEC activity of the metal oxide-carbodiimide. A similar trend could be observed for CuWO<sub>4</sub> thin film photoanodes. These results show the potential of metal oxide-carbodiimides as relatively novel representatives of mixed-anion compounds and shed light on the importance of the control over the surface chemistry to enable the <i>in situ</i> activation.
Preliminary results on mechanisms of resistance to ALK inhibitors: A prospective cohort from the MATCH-R study (2018)

Background: ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with ALK rearranged NSCLC. The clinical benefit is eventually limited by the acquisition of resistance to ALK TKIs by tumor cells. The study of the biological mechanisms implied in tumor progression can provide the rational for therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. Methods: In the MATCH-R prospective study, patients with unresectable or metastatic cancer were included upon acquired resistance to targeted therapies or immunotherapy, defined as progressive disease after partial or complete response or stable disease for 6 months. Upon progression tumor biopsy is performed and serial blood samples are collected. Targeted NGS, CGH, WES and RNAseq were performed on the tissue, and PDX models and patient derived cell lines were established to fully profile the underlying mechanisms of resistance. Results: From June 29th 2015 and as of June 15th 2018, 309 patients were included of which 139 (45%) had advanced lung adenocarcinoma and n = 10 (7.2%) had tumors with ALK rearrangements. In 2 patients, multiple biopsies were taken upon progression to sequential treatments with ALK TKI. Evaluable tumor biopsies were taken upon progression to treatment with crizotinib (n = 3), ceritinib (n = 1), brigatinib (n = 2), lorlatinib (n = 5). PDX models/patient derived cell lines (n = 4) were developed from 2 patients. Mechanisms of resistance: Secondary mutations (n = 5), pathway bypass (n = 3), other non-genetic (n = 3). Novel compound mutations implied in resistance to lorlatinib were characterized by infecting BA/F3 cells with EML4-ALK V3 mutated lentiviral vectors, together with the characterization and reversion of a novel bypass mechanism. We also studied therapeutic strategies aiming at reverting resistance driven by EMT in patient derived cell lines treated with lorlatinib. Conclusions: Mechanisms of resistance were identified in 9 out of 11 tumors from patients with ALK rearranged NSCLC. The development of patient derived cell lines provides further information on how to overcome the resistance to ALK inhibitors. Clinical trial identification: NCT02517892. Legal entity responsible for the study: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus. Funding: Natixis, European Research Council (ERC), Foundation Nelia et Amadeo Barletta. Disclosure: F. André: Research grants from Novartis. J-C. Soria: Full-time employee of MedImmune. B. Besse: Institutional grants for clinical and translational research from AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Inivata, Lilly, Loxo, OncoMed, Onxeo, Pfizer, Roche-Genentech, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, and OSE Pharma. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
High-intensity narrow-spectrum light inactivation and wavelength sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureus (2008)

This study was conducted to investigate the bactericidal effects of visible light on methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and subsequently identify the wavelength sensitivity of S. aureus, in order to establish the wavelengths inducing maximum inactivation. Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA strains, were shown to be inactivated by exposure to high-intensity visible light, and, more specifically, through a series of studies using a xenon broadband white-light source in conjunction with a selection of optical filters, it was found that inactivation of S. aureus occurs upon exposure to blue light of wavelengths between 400 and 420 nm, with maximum inactivation occurring at 405+/-5 nm. This visible-light inactivation was achieved without the addition of exogenous photosensitisers. The significant safety benefit of these blue-light wavelengths over UV light, in addition to their ability to inactivate medically important microorganisms such as MRSA, emphasises the potential of exploiting these non-UV wavelengths for disinfection applications.
Comprehensive investigation on emitter ledge length of InGaP∕GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (2007)

The influence of emitter ledge length on the performance of InGaP∕GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors is comprehensively investigated. Due to the band-bending effect at the intersection of the emitter ledge edge with the exposed base surface, an undesired potential saddle point is formed. Moreover, emitter ledge passivations that are longer or shorter than an optimal length result in the deterioration of device performance. Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental results, the surface recombination effect of the device with an emitter ledge length of 0.8μm is negligible compared with the unpassivated device. Also, the device with the emitter ledge length of 0.8μm shows nearly the best dc characteristics and acceptable rf performance. Therefore, the optimum emitter ledge length in this study is near 0.8μm.
(Hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(i)–cycloalkyne complexes as protected cycloalkynes (2020)

A protection method for cycloalkynes by the formation of (hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(i)-cycloalkyne complexes is disclosed. Various complexes having functional groups were efficiently prepared, which are easily purified by silica-gel column chromatography. Selective click reactions were realized through the complexation of cycloalkynes with copper.
Nucleation‐controlled dual semicrystalline morphology of polyamide 11 (2018)

Abstract Crystallization of polyamide 11 at low supercooling of the melt proceeds via heterogeneous nucleation and spherulitic growth of lamellae, while at temperatures close to the glass transition homogeneous nucleation prevails, preventing spherulite formation and leading to formation of a large number of nanometer‐sized mesophase domains. It is shown that spherulitic and non‐spherulitic crystallization at low and high supercooling of the melt, respectively, can be enforced by tailoring the cooling conditions, causing a twofold semicrystalline morphology at ambient temperature. Analysis of non‐isothermal crystallization as a function of the cooling rate, using fast scanning chip calorimetry, reveals that in the case of polyamide 11 such twofold semicrystalline morphology is predicted when cooling at rates between about 20 and 200 K s −1 , since then two separate crystallization events are observed. The prediction has been confirmed by preparation of films crystallized during ballistic cooling at different rates which then were analyzed regarding their structure using optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and calorimetry. The study is completed by discussion of implications of twofold non‐isothermal crystallization for structure evolution in polymer processing, as well as by providing information that such behavior is not only typical for polyamide 11 but also for isotactic polypropylene or poly(butylene terephthalate) as two further examples. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Compound, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazine Derivative, Exerts Its Action by Primarily Targeting MreB (2012)

In order to find new anti-Pseudomonas agents, we carried out whole-cell based P. aeruginosa growth assay, and identified 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazine (Compound A). This compound showed anti-Pseudomonas activity against wild as well as pumpless strain equally at a same concentration. Also, this compound was structurally very similar to A22, which is known to inhibit the bacterial actin-like protein MreB. By the analysis of resistant strains, the primary target of this compound in P. aeruginosa was definitely confirmed to be MreB. In addition, these compounds showed a bacteriostatic effect, and induced the morphology changes in P. aeruginosa from rod shape to sphere shape, which leads to be clinically favorable in terms of susceptibility to phagocytosis and release of endotoxin. These results display that Compound A is a very attractive compound which shows anti-P. aeruginosa activity based on inhibition of MreB without being affected by efflux pumps, and could provide a new step toward development of new promising anti-Pseudomonas agents, MreB inhibitors.
Impact of macromolecular crowding on RNA/spermine complex coacervation and oligonucleotide compartmentalization (2017)

We report the effect of neutral macromolecular crowders poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (8 kDa) and Ficoll (70 kDa) on liquid-liquid phase separation in a polyuridylic acid (polyU)/spermine complex coacervate system. The addition of PEG decreased both the amount of spermine required for phase separation and the coacervation temperature (T<sub>C</sub>). We interpret these effects on phase behavior as arising due to excluded volume and preferential interactions on both the secondary structure/condensation of spermine-associated polyU molecules and on the association of soluble polyU/spermine polyelectrolyte complexes to form coacervate droplets. Examination of coacervates formed in the presence of fluorescently-labeled PEG or Ficoll crowders indicated that Ficoll is accumulated while PEG is excluded from the coacervate phase, which provides further insight into the differences in phase behavior. Crowding agents impact distribution of a biomolecular solute: partitioning of a fluorescently-labeled U15 RNA oligomer into the polyU/spermine coacervates was increased approximately two-fold by 20 wt% Ficoll 70 kDa and by more than two orders of magnitude by 20 wt% PEG 8 kDa. The volume of the coacervate phase decreased in the presence of crowder relative to a dilute buffer solution. These findings indicate that potential impacts of macromolecular crowding on phase behavior and solute partitioning should be considered in model systems for intracellular membraneless organelles.