gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Use of UV‐Ozone Oxide in Silicon Solar Cell Applications (2018)

It is long recognized that high‐quality surface cleaning is critical for an increased performance of solar cells and semiconductor devices. In this contribution, the effectiveness of UV‐ozone cleaning by comparing it against the industry standard RCAand UV‐assisted deionized water (DI‐O 3 ) techniques has been demonstrated. UV‐ozone cleaning results in an effective surface passivation quality that is comparable to both RCAand DI‐O 3 cleans, realizing a recombination current density ( J 0 ) of 7 fA cm −2 as compared to 5 and 8 fA cm −2 for RCAand DI‐O 3 cleans, respectively. Repeating the UV‐ozone clean on samples (i.e., growing of UV‐ozone oxide and stripping it in HF) more than twice results in a cleaning efficiency that is nearly identical to RCAclean. Based on a high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis, the post‐annealed thickness of the UV‐ozone oxide layer was found to reduce in comparison to the pre‐annealed condition. This is likely due to oxygen diffusion from the UV‐ozone oxide layer into the overlaying AlO x layer. Additionally, it has been found that a reduction in UV‐ozone oxide deposition time to just 5 min still provides a comparable cleaning efficiency to the RCAclean, and also results in good passivation quality (5–8 fA cm −2 ) on both planar and textured samples.
Automatic input rectification (2012)

We present a novel technique, automatic input rectification, and a prototype implementation, SOAP. SOAP learns a set of constraints characterizing typical inputs that an application is highly likely to process correctly. When given an atypical input that does not satisfy these constraints, SOAP automatically rectifies the input (i.e., changes the input so that is satisfies the learned constraints). The goal is to automatically convert potentially dangerous inputs into typical inputs that the program is highly likely to process correctly. Our experimental results show that, for a set of benchmark applications (namely, Google Picasa, ImageMagick, VLC, Swfdec, and Dillo), this approach effectively converts malicious inputs (which successfully exploit vulnerabilities in the application) into benign inputs that the application processes correctly. Moreover, a manual code analysis shows that, if an input does satisfy the learned constraints, it is incapable of exploiting these vulnerabilities. We also present the results of a user study designed to evaluate the subjective perceptual quality of outputs from benign but atypical inputs that have been automatically rectified by SOAP to conform to the learned constraints. Specifically, we obtained benign inputs that violate learned constraints, used our input rectifier to obtain rectified inputs, then paid Amazon Mechanical Turk users to provide their subjective qualitative perception of the difference between the outputs from the original and rectified inputs. The results indicate that rectification can often preserve much, and in many cases all, of the desirable data in the original input.
Gabor-based automatic spinal level identification in ultrasound (2017)

This paper presents an automatic lumbar spine level identification system based on image processing of ultrasound images. The goal is to aid anesthetists in identifying the correct spinal level during epidural anesthesia. Spine level identification is initiated by detecting the location of the sacrum using a classifier based on a support vector machine. Image stitching is then conducted to produce a panorama image of the spinal area. During this process, the location of spinal processes are enhanced using a Gabor filter and detected through template matching. The locations of the spinal processes are tracked and used as an overlay on the ultrasound image in real-time. The system then informs the anesthetists when the correct spinal level has been reached. The system was evaluated on forty volunteers by two anesthetists with varying experience level and was able to detect the correct position of the L3-L4 spinal level in all of the volunteers. The average time taken to produce the location of the L3-L4 spinal level was 30.92 seconds. The results show that the system can quickly and accurately detect the location of the target spinal level.
20 Von Julius Streichers Hof in den Kibbuz: Die jüdische Welt nach dem Holocaust (2019)

Die Geschichte der Juden von der Antike bis heuteKlar, anschaulich und mit Blick für das Wesentliche erzählt Michael Brenner die wechselvolle Geschichte der Juden, die sich über 3000 Jahre und fünf Kontinente erstreckt. Der Holocaust, die Geschichte Israels und das amerikanische Judentum kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie die Anfänge in biblischer Zeit. Neue Einblicke vermitteln auch die zahlreichen Abbildungen, die mehr sind als nur illustrierendes Beiwerk.Die Geschichte der Juden wird heute oft auf Verfolgungen, die tragischen Geschehnisse des Holocaust und die politischen Ereignisse im Nahen Osten verengt. Dieses Buch will den Blick öffnen für ein vielseitigeres und farbigeres Bild, zu dem vor allem auch der fruchtbare Austausch mit anderen Kulturen gehört. Obwohl sie immer eine kleine Minderheit waren, haben die Juden ihre Spuren in zahlreichen Kulturen hinterlassen, die großen Weltreligionen mitgeprägt und eigene Lebenswelten entwickelt. Michael Brenner schildert prägnant und anhand treffender Beispiele die facettenreiche Geschichte einer Nation und einer Religion. Er nimmt den Leser mit auf eine Weltreise vom Vorderen Orient über die griechische und römische Welt, das maurische Spanien und Mitteleuropa bis nach Osteuropa, Israel und Amerika. So entsteht das faszinierende Panorama einer Geschichte, die gerade wegen der vielen Brüche und erzwungenen Neuanfänge durch ihre Kontinuität und Treue zu den eigenen Wurzeln beeindruckt.
Abstract P4-03-06: Initial ex-vivo study of the ability of an in situ fluorescence spectroscopy probe to distinguish benign from malignant breast tissues (2013)

Abstract Background: The native fluorescence spectra of human cancerous and normal breast tissues under the selected excitation of a 405 nm light should differ according to their different content of NAD(P)H, FAD, collagen or retinol and derived fluorophores. Nodea Medical has developed an in situ probe, Probea®, installed in a 25-Gauge needle, which is able to measure endogenous tissue fluorescence under 405 nm specific wavelength. Tissues are excited by this blue light; their back-production of fluorescence (around 480 nm) is caught and immediately analyzed. The objectives of the present preclinical study are to evaluate the ability of the Probea® probe to distinguish benign versus malignant breast lesions among freshly harvested ex-vivo surgical samples, and to evaluate the fluorescence behaviour of adjacent and remote normal tissues among cancer specimens. Methods: Fresh breast samples coming out of the operating room were harvested and analyzed prior to pathological fixation. Surgical specimens included mastectomies, lumpectomies, and plastic surgeries in different malignant or non-malignant situations. For each of them, the probe was placed within the main target surgical lesion, as well as within surrounding normal epithelial and fat tissues, and remote normal tissues where available (mastectomies or reduction mammoplasties). We aimed at measuring different parameters of the endogenous fluorescence at each measurement point: maximum intensity, peak wavelength, level of signal stability, growth or spontaneous decay in a fixed position. Fluorescence signals harvested were compared to the detailed pathological analyses of each area explored within the surgical samples. Results : 49 fresh breast samples were harvested and analyzed, of which 40 were from patients with cancer and 9 from patients without cancer. The presence of a fluorescence signal within the main lesion was overall strongly associated with a cancer diagnosis (N = 40/49 malignant lesions versus 0/9 benign lesions, p = 0.001). The positive predictive value of the test in this preliminary series is 98%, whereas the negative predictive value is 100% analyzing the maximum fluorescence intensity with a cut-off of 1000. Interestingly, normal adjacent fat tissues surrounding and remote from breast cancer lesions also produced fluorescence which could also be considered as criteria to define malignancy. Complete analyses of multiple parameters are ongoing. Conclusion: In this initial preclinical study, the Probea® probe has shown an elective ability to distinguish benign and malignant lesions. Particularly, its negative predictive value appears very promising. A clinical study to confirm these findings is planned. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-03-06.
Expertise, Spatial Ability and Intuition in the Use of Complex Visual Displays (2007)

In a naturalistic setting, a large group of U.S. Navy forecasters (N=21) performed a weather forecasting task and saved copies of the visual displays that they consulted to complete the task. On the basis of structured interviews with the forecasters, quantitative analysis of the information content of the displays they used, and psychometric measures of their spatial ability, we found two key results. First, forecasters of lower spatial ability populated their forecasting displays with more extraneous meteorological variables than did forecasters of higher spatial ability. Second, we found quantitative support for the previously qualitatively observed trend for more experienced forecasters to exhibit a different temporal pattern of display use. Experienced forecasters tend to consult observations before models, and less experienced forecasters show the reverse trend. This work implies that forecasters of lower spatial ability may benefit from training that teaches them to display only the variables they need to complete a task, and that it may be beneficial to customize forecasting displays to the spatial ability of their users.
Simplified Microbial Mats: Unraveling a complex community one alga at a time. (2012)

The data from literature and authors own studies are reviewed on variability of human influenza viral strains, isolated during the same epidemic season in different periods of pandemic cycle. The data obtained indicate that variability of epidemic strains of human influenza virus deals with the genes coding for outer membrane proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) as well as nonglycosylated proteins. Circulation of a number of viral variants of the same serotype, differing in antigenic specificity of outer membrane proteins or in the genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins was registered during one and the same season of one epidemic. During circulation of viral variants of the same serotype recombination may take place. Heterogeneity of viral strains circulating during different epidemic seasons of the same pandemic cycle is different. The possible mechanisms of development of the new epidemic variants of human influenza virus are discussed.
Numerical experiment for 2500 V double gate bipolar-mode MOSFETs (DGIGBT) and analysis for large safe operating area (SOA) (2003)

A double-gate bipolar-mode MOSFET (DGIGBT) is proposed as a high-speed switching device exceeding 2500 V. The DGIGBT inherently has a reverse conducting diode. It is numerically predicted that the device will attain a better tradeoff between turn-off time and forward voltage than an 1800-V single-gate device. It is experimentally confirmed that DGIGBTs have an SOA exceeding the theoretical power dissipation limit for an n-p-n transistor, and it is shown why the SOA can exceed this limit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A cluster containing a pyrazole ligand: [Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N2C3H3)(CO)10] (2002)

The title cluster deca­carbonyl-1κ4C,2κ3C,3κ3C-μ-hydrido-2:3κ2­H:H-μ-pyrazolyl-2:3κ2N1:N2-triangulo-triruthenium, (I), [Ru3(μ-H)(μ-C3H3N2)(CO)10], which contains a pyrazole ligand, has been synthesized and characterized, both spectroscopically and crystalographically, as a cyclohexane solvate. The molecular structure of (I) is very similar to that of the known di­methyl­pyrazole derivative [Ru3(μ-H){μ-N2C3H(CH3)2-3,5}(CO)10].
Practical implementation of analysis routines for nonlinear seismic ground response analysis (2006)

One-dimensional seismic ground response analyses are often performed using equivalent-linear procedures, which require few, generally well-known parameters (shear wave velocity, modulus reduction and damping versus shear strain, and soil density). Nonlinear analyses provide a more robust characterization of the true nonlinear soil behavior, but their implementation in practice has been limited, which is principally a result of poorly documented and unclear parameter selection and code usage protocols. Moreover, the benefits and potentials of nonlinear analysis relative to equivalent linear are not well defined. In this paper, we present preliminary results of a “benchmarking study” of nonlinear ground response analysis procedures. Key issues that are discussed include: (1) use of reference strain, which can be readily estimated as a function of plasticity index and effective stress, in lieu of dynamic shear strength as a parameter defining the nonlinear backbone curve; (2) strategies for managing excessive large-strain material damping that occurs when Masing’s rule is applied to the backbone curve to evaluate hysteretic damping; (3) specification of input motion as “outcropping” (i.e., equivalent free-surface motions) versus “within” (i.e., motion recorded at depth in a vertical array); and (4) specification of viscous damping, specifically the target value of the viscous damping ratio and the frequencies for which the viscous damping produced by the model matches the target.
A Mass Spectrometry Primer for Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2010)

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a rapidly growing subfield of chemical imaging, employs mass spectrometry (MS) technologies to create single- and multi-dimensional localization maps for a variety of atoms and molecules. Complimentary to other imaging approaches, MSI provides high chemical specificity and broad analyte coverage. This powerful analytical toolset is capable of measuring the distribution of many classes of inorganics, metabolites, proteins, and pharmaceuticals in chemically and structurally complex biological specimens in vivo, in vitro, and in situ. The MSI approaches highlighted in this Methods in Molecular Biology volume provide flexibility of detection, characterization, and identification of multiple known and unknown analytes. The goal of this chapter is to introduce investigators who may be unfamiliar with MS to the basic principles of the mass spectrometric approaches as used in MSI. In addition to guidelines for choosing the most suitable MSI method for specific investigations, cross-references are provided to the chapters in this volume that describe the appropriate experimental protocols.
RUBBER-MODIFIED EPOXY AND GLASS LAMINATES FOR APPLICATION TO NAVAL SHIP STRUCTURES (1983)

Because the decks and other structural elements of naval combatants are exposed to extreme handling and wear loads during construction, and operational and overhaul periods, a rubber-modified epoxy resin is being evaluated for application to naval ship structures. Preliminary results indicate that the rubber-modified resin performs substantially better in impact-resistance tests than do laminates of standard brittle glass-reinforced plastic (GRP). Drop-ball impact tests are performed on 6.5-in. diameter, 0.25-in. thick disks. Currently, very little is known about the mechanics of this phenomena, its long-term behavior in a marine environment, and its characteristics when incorporated into a complex structure. A series of tests have been conducted on specimens, joints, panels, and structural components in an attempt to gain more information. Two generic carboxy terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN)-modified epoxy/glass cloth material systems have been characterized, exposed to fatigue and long-term immersion loading, and evaluated when incorporated into several different structural configurations. The results of all these tests indicate that this material can withstand the harsh environmental and inservice loading conditions experienced by naval combatants. (Author)
Robot localization using uncalibrated camera invariants (2003)

We describe a set of image measurements which are invariant to the camera internals but are location variant. We show that using these measurements it is possible to calculate the self-localization of a robot using known landmarks and uncalibrated cameras. We also show that it is possible to compute, using uncalibrated cameras, the Euclidean structure of 3-D world points using multiple views from known positions. We are free to alter the internal parameters of the camera during these operations. Our initial experiments demonstrate the applicability of the method.
Development of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> as a Mycoinsecticide: From Isolation to Field Performance (2017)

A major concern when developing commercial mycoinsecticides is the kill speed compared to that of chemical insecticides. Therefore, isolation and screening for the selection of a fast-acting, highly virulent entomopathogenic fungus are important steps. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Nomurea, which act by contact, are better suited than Bacillus thuringiensis or nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV), which must be ingested by the insect pest. In the present work, we isolated 68 Metarhizium strains from infected insects using a soil dilution and bait method. The isolates were identified by the amplification and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 26S rDNA region. The most virulent strain of Metarhizium anisopliae was selected based on the median lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) obtained in insect bioassays against III-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. The mass production of spores by the selected strain was carried out with solid-state fermentation (SSF) using rice as a substrate for 14 days. Spores were extracted from the sporulated biomass using 0.1% tween-80, and different formulations of the spores were prepared. Field trials of the formulations for the control of an H. armigera infestation in pigeon peas were carried out by randomized block design. The infestation control levels obtained with oil and aqueous formulations (78.0% and 70.9%, respectively) were better than the 63.4% obtained with chemical pesticide.
Design and Testing of a Superelastic Nitinol Tissue Attachment Mechanism for Long-Term Gastrointestinal Device Retention (2023)

Abstract Ingestible devices have become a popular means for diagnosing and treating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract due to their noninvasive nature. However, their residency period in the GI tract is limited by the transit time through it. In previous work, we designed a tissue attachment mechanism (TAM) inspired by parasitic worms' attachment methods, which were tested for implanting biosensors or drug delivery payloads to the small intestine with a swallowable capsule robot. In that work, the attachment success rate was 91.7%, and the average attachment duration of the TAM was 32.2 h after factorial optimization of major design factors. This work develops a novel nitinol TAM (NTAM) for improving the attachment duration using the shape-changing properties of nitinol. The attachment strength of the NTAM to the intestinal tissue was assessed both ex vivo and in vivo. The attachment duration of the NTAMs in live porcine models was evaluated from radiographic images, and histological analysis of the attachment location of an NTAM was performed after euthanasia. The NTAM was 100% successful in an attachment strength study and achieved a maximum attachment duration of 13 days, while the average attachment duration was 85.63 ± 77.83 h. Histological analysis did not report any permanent damage to the tissue. This work shows a 2.7-fold improvement in attachment duration over the previous design. This work has demonstrated a method of prolonged attachment to the intestinal wall through a swallowable device, which can be used for long-term drug delivery or biosensing.
REFORMULATION AND GENERALISATION OF THE COHEN AND FLEISS KAPPAS (2017)

The assessment of consistency in the categorical or ordinal decisions made by observers or raters is an important problem especially in the medical field.&nbsp; The Fleiss Kappa, Cohen Kappa and Intra-class Correlation (ICC), as commonly used for this purpose, are compared and a generalised approach to these measurements is presented. &nbsp;Differences between the Fleiss Kappa and multi-rater versions of the Cohen Kappa are explained and it is shown how both may be applied to ordinal scoring with linear, quadratic or other weighting.&nbsp; The relationship between quadratically weighted Fleiss and Cohen Kappa and pair-wise ICC is clarified and generalised to multi-rater assessments. The AC coefficient is considered as an alternative measure of consistency and the relevance of the Kappas and AC to measuring content validity is explored.
The First Sapling (2007)

I am on sabbatical leave from the University of Wisconsin-Stout for the spring semester, 1999. People who do not know me, or who are merely casual acquaintances and whom I meet casually and infrequently, or people whose memories fail them and who have forgotten that I am on sabbatical, enter casually into conversation inquiring, "So, what is going on in the office?" Or they ask, "How's work?" I respond that I do not know, that I am "on sabbatical." Inevitably the next question is proferred: "So, what are you doing?" I know that this type of question, like asking about the weather, is an effort at civility and is offered as an attempt to make some contact; it is an entry into conversation. But I have been continually taken aback by the question and confronted with the perplexities that beset me regarding the substance of this sabbatical. I often wonder myself, what exactly am I doing? Indeed, I have a research plan; one cannot be awarded a sabbatical at Stout without a formal detailed agenda. And I am to an extent following the research plan: I am reading in Jewish texts and I am trying to make connection to my educational practice. I had originally set out to integrate Jewish discourses into curriculum conversations—I had actually begun that work several years ago with a paper entitled, "Finding Lost Articles: The Return of Curriculum" (Block, 1997).KeywordsSmall DegreeEducational PracticeResearch PlanEducational PhilosophySmall MeasureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
ASCA: analysis of multivariate data obtained from an experimental design (2005)

Abstract Recently analysis of variance (ANOVA)‐simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) has been introduced as an explorative tool for the analysis of multivariate data with an underlying experimental design [Smilde et al. Bioinformatics 2005; 21: 3043–3048]. This paper focuses on the general methodological framework of ASCA. The drawbacks of other methods for the analysis of this type of data are discussed, as well as the advantages of ASCA above these other methods. Three case studies are used to illustrate the use of ASCA. The relationship between ASCA and several other multivariate data analysis techniques is demonstrated. Finally, possible extensions for ASCA are presented, including multiway analysis and multivariate regression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.