gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of Large Threshold Voltage Shift Induced by Pre-applied Voltage to SiO2 Gate Dielectric in Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2023)

Field-effect transistors based on organic semiconducting materials (OFETs) have unique advantages of intrinsically mechanical flexibility, simple preparation process, low manufacturing cost, and large-area preparation. Through the innovation of new material design and device structures, the performance of device parameters such as mobility, on–off current ratio, and the threshold voltage (VTH) of OFETs continues to improve. However, the VTH shift of OFETs has always been an important problem restricting their practical applications. In this work, we observe that the VTH of polymer OFETs with the widely investigated device structure of a SiO2 bottom-gate dielectric is noticeably shifted by pre-applying a large gate voltage. Such a shift in VTH remains to a large extent, even after modifying the surface of the SiO2 dielectric using a hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) self-assembled monolayer. This behavior of VTH can be ascribed to the charge trappings at the bulk of the SiO2. In addition, the generality of this observation is further proven by using two other conjugated polymers including p-type PDPP3T and n-type PTzNDI-2FT, and a similar trend is obtained.
Prostate Cancer Incidence Rates in Africa (2011)

African American men have among the highest prostate cancer incidence rates in the world yet rates among their African counterparts are unclear. In this paper, we compared reported rates among black men of Sub-Saharan African descent using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 1973-2007. Although population-based data in Africa are quite limited, the available data from IARC showed that rates among blacks were highest in the East (10.7-38.1 per 100,000 man-years, age-adjusted world standard) and lowest in the West (4.7-19.8). These rates were considerably lower than those of 80.0-195.3 observed among African Americans. Rates in Africa increased over time (1987-2002) and have been comparable to those for distant stage in African Americans. These patterns are likely due to differences between African and African American men in medical care access, screening, registry quality, genetic diversity, and Westernization. Incidence rates in Africa will likely continue to rise with improving economies and increasing Westernization, warranting the need for more high-quality population-based registration to monitor cancer incidence in Africa.
Supplementary Materials from Gene Expression Signatures Identify Rhabdomyosarcoma Subtypes and Detect a Novel t(2;2)(q35;p23) Translocation Fusing PAX3 to NCOA1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tables and Figure&lt;/p&gt;
Holography with Evanescent Waves (1969)

Information contained in evanescent wave fields was recorded by holographic techniques. Internal reflection within a highly refractive liquid was used to create evanescent surface waves in the emulsion of immersed high-resolution photographic plates. The holograms have unique properties. When reconstructed by an evanescent wave, two mirror images of the same kind were formed; however, two conjugate images were obtained by reversing the direction of the surface wave. Although the holograms are very thin with fringes confined to the surface of the emulsion, they reconstruct in white light and exhibit frequency-selection properties similar to thick holograms.
Meta‐analysis of microRNA expression in lung cancer (2012)

The prognostic and diagnostic value of microRNA (miRNA) expression aberrations in lung cancer has been studied intensely in recent years. However, due to the application of different technological platforms and small sample size, the miRNA expression profiling efforts have led to inconsistent results between the studies. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 20 published miRNA expression studies in lung cancer, including a total of 598 tumor and 528 non-cancerous control samples. Using a recently published robust rank aggregation method, we identified a statistically significant miRNA meta-signature of seven upregulated (miR-21, miR-210, miR-182, miR-31, miR-200b, miR-205 and miR-183) and eight downregulated (miR-126-3p, miR-30a, miR-30d, miR-486-5p, miR-451a, miR-126-5p, miR-143 and miR-145) miRNAs. We conducted a gene set enrichment analysis to identify pathways that are most strongly affected by altered expression of these miRNAs. We found that meta-signature miRNAs cooperatively target functionally related and biologically relevant genes in signaling and developmental pathways. We have shown that such meta-analysis approach is suitable and effective solution for identification of statistically significant miRNA meta-signature by combining several miRNA expression studies. This method allows the analysis of data produced by different technological platforms that cannot be otherwise directly compared or in the case when raw data are unavailable.
Throughput comparison between VSF-OFCDM and OFDM considering effect of sectorization in forward link broadband packet wireless access (2003)

This paper compares the forward link radio link capacity between variable spreading factor-orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (VSF-OFCDM) with one-cell frequency reuse and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with conventional three-cell frequency reuse or with one-cell frequency reuse utilizing symbol repetition, considering the effect of sectorization and the adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) scheme in a multi-cell environment in a broadband multipath fading channel. Simulation results demonstrate that, although the achievable radio link capacity in VSF-OFCDM is approximately 1.5 fold greater compared to that in OFDM with three-cell frequency reuse, almost identical radio link capacity under full channel-load conditions is realized in VSF-OFCDM and OFDM with one-cell frequency reuse applying elaborate symbol repetition transmission to suppress other-cell interference. Meanwhile, to achieve a lower data rate channel than the peak rate, higher-quality transmission is possible in VSF-OFCDM employing two-dimensional spreading compared to OFDM, by utilizing the frequency diversity effect in frequency domain spreading. Consequently, we conclude that VSF-OFCDM is superior to OFDM in broadband wireless access, since the former provides higher-quality transmission and more flexible accommodation of the lower data rate channels, along with the flexibility in designing essential channels such as the control and pilot channels.
One-Pot Preparation of ChiralDinuclear Vanadium(V) Complex (2009)

A convenient one-pot procedure for the preparation of dinuclear vanadium(V) complex is described. The complex exhibited high catalytic activity for oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol derivatives. In addition, coupling of 9-phenanthrol gave (S)-10,10′-dihydroxy-9,9′-biphenanthryl in quantitative yield with 93% ee.
Data from Combined Natural Killer T-Cell–Based Immunotherapy Eradicates Established Tumors in Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A rational monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based antitumor therapy approach has previously been shown to eradicate various established experimental and carcinogen-induced tumors in a majority of mice. This therapy comprised an agonistic mAb reactive with tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (DR5), expressed by tumor cells, an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb to mature dendritic cells, and an agonistic anti-4-1BB mAb to costimulate CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Because agonists of CD40 have been toxic in patients, we were interested in substituting anti-CD40 mAb with other dendritic cell–maturing agents, such as glycolipid ligands recognized by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted glycolipid ligands for iNKT cells effectively substitute for anti-CD40 mAb and reject established experimental mouse breast and renal tumors when used in combination with anti-DR5 and anti-4-1BB mAbs (termed “NKTMab” therapy). NKTMab therapy–induced tumor rejection was dependent on CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, NKT cells, and the cytokine IFN-γ. NKTMab therapy containing either α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) or α-C-galactosylceramide (α-c-GC) at high concentrations induced similar rates of tumor rejection in mice; however, toxicity was observed at the highest doses of α-GC (&gt;250 ng/injection), limiting the use of this glycolipid. By contrast, even very low doses of α-c-GC (25 ng/injection) retained considerable antitumor activity when used in combination with anti-DR5/anti-4-1BB, and thus, α-c-GC showed a considerably greater therapeutic index. In summary, sequential tumor cell apoptosis and amplification of dendritic cell function by NKT cell agonists represents an exciting and novel approach for cancer treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7495–504]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Novel Potassium Channel Activators: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine Derivatives. (1996)

Strong potassium channel-activating effects were found among a series of novel 4-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. The key step in preparation was the nucleophilic substitution of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine (3) with activated halogenopyridines, such as halogenopyridine N-oxides (15a--c) and the borane adduct (15d) of 4-bromopyridine. Structure-activity relationship studies identified 2-(3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)pyridin e-1-oxide (16a: YM934) as the optimal compound. This compound (16a) showed a more potent oral antihypertensive effect than cromakalim in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats.
CD11cHI macrophages are specialized APCs in the early human placenta (169.45) (2011)

Abstract The human maternal-fetal interface is a unique environment by which there is a necessary establishment of maternal tolerance to fetal antigens as well as uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental growth. Decidual macrophages (dMΦs) comprise approximately 20% of all leukocytes at this interface. Previously we identified two distinct populations based upon CD11c and have been termed, CD11cHI and CD11cLO MΦs (J Immunol. 2011; 186(4)). Based upon microarray analysis, CD11cHI and CD11cLO dMΦs were shown to have significantly divergent functions. Using a DQ-BSA assay we demonstrate that CD11cHI cells process exogenous protein antigens efficiently while processing by CD11cLO cells is very low. Furthermore, several CD1 molecules are expressed on the surface of CD11cHI dMΦs including CD1a, CD1c and CD1d. CD1 molecules are non-polymorphic glycolipid-presenting molecules that have no known function at the maternal-fetal interface. In order to determine functional relevance, we utilized established CD1-specific T cell clones and known ligands for CD1a and CD1c [CD8.2, dideoxymycobactin (DDM); CD8.1, mannosyl-β1-phosphomycoketide (MPM)] respectively. CD11cHI dMΦs, but not CD11cLO dMΦs, were found to specifically stimulate these T cell clones. Thus, these data suggest that the CD11cHI dMΦs may function in two different antigen-presenting systems at the maternal-fetal interface during early human pregnancy, peptide presentation and glycolipid presentation.
Um esquema bio-inspirado para a tolerância à má-conduta em sistemas de quórum para MANETs (2011)

Os serviços de operação das redes em MANETs, como a localização de recursos, precisam lidar com a mobilidade e a falta de recursos dos dispositivos a fim de suportar as aplicações. Esses serviços necessitam de garantias de disponibilidade e de confiabilidade, que podem ser obtidas pela replicação de dados através de sistemas de quóruns. Contudo, esses sistemas são vulneráveis a nós egoístas e maliciosos, que não colaboram com suas operações ou modificam as informações, negando os serviços da rede. Para lidar com essas vulnerabilidades, esse artigo propõe QS2, um esquema bio-inspirado para a tolerância de nós de má-conduta em sistemas de quórum. Diferentemente dos sistemas existentes na literatura, o QS2 é auto-organizado e distribuído, permitindo uma autonomia na exclusão de nós de má-conduta. Ele é inspirado nos mecanismos biológicos de sensoriamento em quóruns e de seleção por parentesco encontrados em bactérias. Resultados de simulações mostram um aumento de até 87% na confiabilidade dos sistemas de quórum, detectando mais de 80% da participação de nós de má-conduta nas operações de replicação.
Bone Marrow–Derived Cell Therapy After Myocardial Infarction (2013)

Summarizing, the available evidence does not support the contention that bioactivity of cells administered in the TIME study was impaired by processing techniques or exposure to heparin.We believe that the TIME results are consistent with a limited effect of bone marrow cells on recovery of LV function, and support previous findings (9) demonstrating that MNCs have reduced cytokine and growth factor production compared to other bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells.
Ciguatera poisoning after ingestion of imported jellyfish: diagnostic application of serum immunoassay (1995)

Ciguatera fish poisoning is an important public health problem wherever humans consume tropical and subtropical fish. It accounts for over half of fish-related poisonings in the United States but is uncommonly diagnosed and underreported. Produced by dinoflagellates, ciguatoxin accumulates up the food chain in herbivorous and carnivorous fishes. Cnidaria jellyfish and related invertebrates) have not previously been associated with direct ciguatera intoxication in humans. We report the first case of ciguatera fish poisoning associated with cnidarian ingestion. A 12-year-old Tongan female presented to our Emergency Department with mid-abdominal pain, nausea, change in mental status, and new-onset movement disorder after ingestion of jellyfish imported from American Samoa. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by strongly positive serum identification of ciguatoxin and related polyether toxins (including okadaic acid) with a rapid extraction method (REM) and highly reliable solid-phase immunobead assay (S-PIA) performed by the Food Toxicology Research Group, University of Arizona. Ciguatera pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis (including consideration of palytoxin poisoning), and treatment are briefly reviewed. We emphasize the growing incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning outside "high-risk" areas. In regions with immigrant populations, privately imported exotic fish may be toxin vectors. Marine species other than carnivorous fish are now suspect in human ciguatera intoxication. Reliable tests can aid in premarket fish testing, diagnosis, and follow-up of ciguatera fish poisoning. The global prevalence of marine toxins demands fishermen, consumers, and physicians maintain a high index of suspicion for ciguatera fish poisoning.
An Automated Microwell Platform for Large-Scale Single Cell RNA-Seq (2016)

Recent developments have enabled rapid, inexpensive RNA sequencing of thousands of individual cells from a single specimen, raising the possibility of unbiased and comprehensive expression profiling from complex tissues. Microwell arrays are a particularly attractive microfluidic platform for single cell analysis due to their scalability, cell capture efficiency, and compatibility with imaging. We report an automated microwell array platform for single cell RNA-Seq with significantly improved performance over previous implementations. We demonstrate cell capture efficiencies of >50%, compatibility with commercially available barcoded mRNA capture beads, and parallel expression profiling from thousands of individual cells. We evaluate the level of cross-contamination in our platform by both tracking fluorescent cell lysate in sealed microwells and with a human-mouse mixed species RNA-Seq experiment. Finally, we apply our system to comprehensively assess heterogeneity in gene expression of patient-derived glioma neurospheres and uncover subpopulations similar to those observed in human glioma tissue.
A fuzzy set theoretical approach to automatic analysis of nystagmic eye movements (1989)

A new method for computer analysis of nystagmic eye movements in vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKN) reflexes is developed. A fuzzy set theoretical approach is used to construct the slow cumulative eye position (SCEP) curve by eliminating fast components (saccades) from eye movement signal. These procedures are able to perform automatically some pattern recognition tasks traditionally used--in classical interactive programs--when human operators distinguish between fast- and slow-phases of eye movements. The structure of the algorithm is as follows. 1) A fuzzy clustering of slow- and fast-phases is made. An iterative method is used to refine the membership function of slow-phases, step by step, until a sufficiently discriminating membership function is obtained. 2) Saccades are detected and removed from the eye position signal. 3) SCEP is then built by interpolating between slow phases. 4) A weighted least-squares curve fitting is made. Weighting coefficients are obtained from the last membership function resulting from iterations in step 1). This curve fitting is referenced to the SCEP and the parameters of VOR and OKN are calculated using this last curve. This approach permits an analysis of nystagmic eye movements with high reliability even when the data are of modest quality. The definitive innovative feature of the program is that it allows entirely automatic analysis without participation of a human operator. The main algorithm being independent of the shape of stimulus, the program can be generalized to fit any type of simulation.
Impaired anti-inflammatory efficacy of n-butyrate in patients with IBD (2010)

Impaired sensitivity to the inhibitory action of n-butyrate in IBD may constitute a determinant in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory diseases.
Synthesis of immunoglobulins by human endocervix in organ culture. (1982)

The synthesis of immunoglobulins by the uterine cervix was investigated in an endocervical organ-culture system. Using Ouchterlony immunodiffusion gels immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and secretory piece were detected in washings of endocervical explants and in explant incubation medium. Synthesis of immunoglobulin in the organ-culture system was investigated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of radiolabelled polypeptides; 2 polypeptides co-migrated with the heavy and light chains of a reference polyclonal immunoglobulin G and were confirmed, by use of anti-human globulin and iodinated staphylococcal protein A, to be the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin G. This experimental system will provide a useful model in future investigations of the efficacy of a local vaccine in human subjects.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antitumor Activity of Pluronic Mimicking Copolymer Micelles Conjugated with Doxorubicin via Acid-Cleavable Linkage (2007)

Pluronic mimicking poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer having multiple hydroxyl groups in the PPO middle segment (core-functionalized Pluronic: CF-PLU) was synthesized for conjugation of doxorubicin (DOX). DOX was conjugated on the multiple hydroxyl groups of CF-PLU via an acid-labile hydrazone linkage (CF-PLU-DOX). In aqueous solution, CF-PLU-DOX copolymers self-assembled to form a core/shell-type micelle structure consisting of a hydrophobic DOX-conjugated PPO core and a hydrophilic PEO shell layer. The conjugated DOX from CF-PLU-DOX micelles was released out more rapidly at pH 5 than pH 7.4, indicating that the hydrazone linkage was cleaved under acidic condition. CF-PLU-DOX micelles exhibited greatly enhanced cytotoxicity for MCF-7 human breast cancer cells compared to naked DOX, while CF-PLU copolymer itself showed extremely low cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the extent of cellular uptake for CF-PLU-DOX micelles was greater than free DOX. Confocal image analysis also showed that CF-PLU-DOX micelles had a quite different intracellular distribution profile from free DOX. CF-PLU-DOX micelles were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, endosomal/lysosomal vesicles, and nucleus, while free DOX was localized mainly within the nucleus, suggesting that CF-PLU-DOX micellar formulation might be advantageously used for overcoming the multidrug resistance (MDR) effect, which gradually develops in many tumor cells during repeated drug administration.
Vaccine protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques (2022)

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. In this study, we show that the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus-vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provide robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in cynomolgus macaques. We vaccinated 30 macaques with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs. However, 4 vaccinated animals that had moderate Omicron-neutralizing antibody titers and undetectable Omicron CD8+ T cell responses failed to control virus in the upper respiratory tract. Moreover, virologic control correlated with both antibody and T cell responses. These data suggest that both humoral and cellular immune responses contribute to vaccine protection against a highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant.