gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memoryful geometry of interaction (2014)

Girard's Geometry of Interaction (GoI) is interaction based semantics of linear logic proofs and, via suitable translations, of functional programs in general. Its mathematical cleanness identifies essential structures in computation; moreover its use as a compilation technique from programs to state machines---"GoI implementation," so to speak---has been worked out by Mackie, Ghica and others. In this paper, we develop Abramsky's idea of resumption based GoI systematically into a generic framework that accounts for computational effects (nondeterminism, probability, exception, global states, interactive I/O, etc.). The framework is categorical: Plotkin & Power's algebraic operations provide an interface to computational effects; the framework is built on the categorical axiomatization of GoI by Abramsky, Haghverdi and Scott; and, by use of the coalgebraic formalization of component calculus, we describe explicit construction of state machines as interpretations of functional programs. The resulting interpretation is shown to be sound with respect to equations between algebraic operations, as well as to Moggi's equations for the computational lambda calculus. We illustrate the construction by concrete examples.
Correction: Disruption of Rab8a and Rab11a causes formation of basolateral microvilli in neonatal enteropathy (doi: 10.1242/jcs.201897) (2018)

There were errors published in J. Cell Sci. (2017) 130, 2491-2505 (doi: 10.1242/jcs.201897).In Fig. 1D, the labels of H&E histology images for Rab8afl/+;Rab11afl/fl;Vil-cre and Rab8afl/fl;Rab11afl/+;Vil-cre (middle panels) were switched. In addition, images in Fig. 1D,E were of the ileum and not duodenum as stated in the legend. The correct panels are shown below:Fig. S2B was also incorrectly labelled duodenum instead of ileum. This figure has now been corrected online. As the phenotypes described in the paper affect both proximal and distal intestines, these corrections do not impact the main text or conclusions.The authors would like to apologise to readers for these errors.
Positive ions and negative ions fab (fast atom bombardment) mass spectrometry of some bisazolium salts (1997)

Abstract Significant information on the structure of various bisazolium salts of the type CA 2 (C ++ 2A − ) were revealed by the study of the FAB spectra of their positive and negative ions. Thus only one spectrum, whatever it consists of the positive or of the negative ions spectrum, enables the identification of the cation C ++ and of the anion A − . Moreover, the same information are collected from the CAD spectrum of the adduct ion CA + allowing the identification of such a compound in a mixture.
Successful Perioperative Management of a Patient with Parkinson's Disease by Enteral Levodopa Administration under Propofol Anesthesia (1998)

PARKINSON'S disease (PD) is a relatively common neurologic disorder. Manuy drugs currently used for the treatment of PD may have significant interactions with anesthetic and cardiovascular drugs. 1 Even brief interruption of anti-PD drugs during surgery may result in exacerbation of Parkinson's symptoms. 2 However, safe and effective ways to administer anti-PD drugs during surgery are not widely known. 3 We used the enteral administration of levodopa (LD) in a patient with PD who had experienced exacerbation of PD during emergence from general anesthesia in two previous operations. This method of LD administration successfully prevented the exacerbation of the symptoms in this patient.
Statistical framework and prior information modeling for handwritten word-spotting (2009)

Drug discovery processes require drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction by virtual screenings with high accuracy. Compared with traditional methods, the deep learning method requires less time and domain expertise, while achieving higher accuracy. However, there is still room for improvement for higher performance with simplified structures. Meanwhile, this field is calling for multi-task models to solve different tasks. Here we report the GanDTI, an end-to-end deep learning model for both interaction classification and binding affinity prediction tasks. This model employs the compound graph and protein sequence data. It only consists of a graph neural network, an attention module and a multiple-layer perceptron, yet outperforms the state-of-the art methods to predict binding affinity and interaction classification on the DUD-E, human, and bindingDB benchmark datasets. This demonstrates our refined model is highly effective and efficient for DTI prediction and provides a new strategy for performance improvement.
Perception-Inspired Haptic Force Sensor – A Concept Study (2012)

This paper proposes a new perception-based concept for force sensing in haptic systems. By using two different sensing principles, a better adaption to the human sensory system can be achieved. Based on the tactile and kinesthetic parts of haptic perception, this is done using different sensing principles, nominal ranges, bandwidth and degrees of freedom for each part. The requirements of each part are described in detail and possible realizations are investigated. The proposed concept allows for a better quality of haptic feedback at lower costs.
Painting Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations Induced by Energetic Heavy Ions in Human Cells (2006)

FISH, mFISH, mBAND, telomere and centromere probes have been used to study chromosome aberrations induced in human cells exposed to low-and high-LET radiation in vitro. High-LET induced damages are mostly a single track effect. Unrejoined chromosome breaks (incomplete exchanges) and complex type aberrations were higher for high-LET. Biosignatures may depend on the method the samples are collected. Recent mBAND analysis has revealed more information about the nature of intra-chromosome exchanges. Whether space flight/microgravity affects radiation-induced chromosome aberration frequencies is still an open question.
Statistical Analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB PHY over Multipath Channels (2008)

This paper shows the application of a recently proposed statistical characterization of the ultra-wideband (UWB) radio channel to the standardized IEEE 802.15.4a UWB physical layer (PHY). The statistical channel characterization yields the first and second-order moments of the autocorrelation function of the received UWB pulses, which can accurately express the intra-burst interference due to multipath propagation. The presented mathematical framework directly shows the influence of channel and system parameters, like bandwidth and delay spread, on the performance of a coherent receiver. The results show for a non-line-of-sight indoor channel, e.g. a reduction of the fading standard deviation from 1.3 to 0.8 dB when the bandwidth is increased from 0.5 to 1.3 GHz and a power loss of about 3 dB when the energy-accumlation interval is reduced from 50 to 10 ns.
Utilizing different ratios of alfalfa and layer ration for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens (2005)

Molting is a common practice used by the commercial egg industry to rejuvenate flocks for a second or third laying cycle. During this time the hens rest from production, and the reproductive organs are rejuvenated to increase production and quality during the next laying cycle. Although feed withdrawal (FW) is the most popular and effective method of molt induction, it has come under scrutiny due to food safety issues and animal welfare issues. This study involved feeding alfalfa mixed with layer ration at different ratios to hens to determine their ability to induce molt. The treatment ratios were 100% alfalfa (A100), 90% alfalfa and 10% layer ration (A90), and 70% alfalfa and 30% layer ration (A70). In addition, a fully fed (FF) nonmolted control and a FW negative control were used. Alfalfa is an insoluble, high fiber feedstuff with low metabolizable energy. Egg production for A90 and FW treatments ceased completely by d 6, whereas birds fed A100 and A70 ceased egg production by d 8. Ovary and oviduct weight of hens fed all molting diets decreased (P < 0.05) by an average of 1.5 to 2.5% (BW basis) compared with FF control during the 9-d molt induction period. As the percentage of layer ration increased, feed intake also increased and percentage of BW loss decreased during the 9-d molt induction period. Hens molted by FW lost an average of 25.8% BW, whereas A70 hens lost 18.9% BW. Nonmolted hens (FF) and A70 treatment hens had significantly lower (P < 0.05) egg production when compared with all other treatments over the 39-wk postmolt period. FF treatment hens also had lower (P < 0.05) albumen heights when compared with all other treatments. From these results, alfalfa or alfalfa mixed with layer ration appears to be viable alternatives to conventional FW methods for the successful induction of molt and retention of postmolt performance.
CLEO Tutorial: High power fiber lasers and amplifiers (2004)

Recent developments in the field of high-power fiber laser systems are reviewed. Basic limitations have been overcome by applying novel fiber-designs and experimental strategies, leading to significant power-scaling of continuous-wave and pulsed-fiber lasers and amplifiers.
A Fronthaul Signal Compression Method Based on Trellis Coded Quantization (2019)

In the C-RAN architecture, there is a very high requirement of data rate for the fronthaul due to the characteristics and the high number of signals. One of the solutions relies on compression techniques to alleviate this requirement. Therefore, in this work, we propose a compression technique based on Trellis Coded Quantization. We use a resampling of 2/3, block scaling, TCQ quantization, and entropy coding. The results show that improves EVM performance in comparison with the scalar quantization and presents a lower computational cost than vector quantization.
A New Polymer-Attached Reagent for the Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols (2000)

A new, polymer-bound reagent system for the efficient oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) is described. In most cases, workup of this heavy metal-free oxidation is achieved by simple filtration followed by removal of the solvent. In selected examples this reagent was compared with the known polymer-bound permanganate and chromium(VI) reagents.
In-vivo time course of organ uptake and blood-brain-barrier permeation of poly(L-lactide) and poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate) nanoparticles with different surface properties in unharmed and brain-traumatized rats (2023)

Tw80 and SDS coated biodegradable PLLA and non-biodegradable PFDL NPs reach the brain parenchyma with and without compromised BBB by TBI, even though a high amount of NPs are retained in the liver and spleen. No inflammatory reaction is elicited by these NPs within 24 h after injection. Thus, these NPs could be considered as potentially effective carriers or markers of newly developed drugs with low or even no BBB permeation.
Reversible Formation of Ammonium Persulfate/Sulfuric Acid Graphite Intercalation Compounds and Their Peculiar Raman Spectra (2012)

Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) can be considered stacks of individual doped graphene layers. Here we demonstrate a reversible formation of sulfuric acid-based GICs using ammonium persulfate as the chemical oxidizing agent. No covalent chemical oxidation leading to the formation of graphite oxide occurs, which inevitably happens when other compounds such as potassium permanganate are used to charge carbon layers. The resulting acid/persulfate-induced stage-1 and stage-2 GICs are characterized by suppression of the 2D band in the Raman spectra and by unusually strong enhancement of the G band. The G band is selectively enhanced at different doping levels with different excitations. These observations are in line with recent reports for chemically doped and gate-modulated graphene and support newly proposed theories of Raman processes. At the same time GICs have some advantageous differences over graphene, which are demonstrated in this report. Our experimental observations, along with earlier reported data, suggest that at high doping levels the G band cannot be used as the reference peak for normalizing Raman spectra, which is a commonly used practice today. A Fermi energy shift of 1.20-1.25 eV and ∼1.0 eV was estimated for the stage-1 and stage-2 GICs, respectively, from the Raman and optical spectroscopy data.
Grapefruit juice markedly increases the plasma concentrations and antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor in healthy subjects (2012)

Grapefruit juice increased ticagrelor exposure by more than two-fold, leading to an enhanced and prolonged ticagrelor antiplatelet effect. The grapefruit juice-ticagrelor interaction seems clinically important and indicates the significance of intestinal metabolism to ticagrelor pharmacokinetics.
An Effective Low-Contrast SF₆ Gas Leakage Detection Method for Infrared Imaging (2021)

Infrared noncontact detection has the advantages of having no power cut-off and convenient operation. However, when the SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> (sulfur hexafluoride) gas leakage is small, the existing detection algorithms have low accuracy and are easily disturbed by noise. To solve this problem, this article proposes an online detection method for SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas leakage based on a Gaussian mixture model. First, as a preprocessing stage, the improved dynamic interframe time domain filter is used to suppress the random noise in the image. Then, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is used to enhance the dark details of the infrared image to improve the local contrast. Finally, the improved Gaussian mixture background model is used to adaptively segment the SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas leakage and mark the leakage area. The results show that under the experimental conditions of 0.06 mL/min indoor and 5-m distance, the algorithm can overcome the high noise and complex background disturbances of infrared imaging. It can effectively detect and locate the SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> leakage area and gets a higher F1-score compared with other conventional algorithm under the experimental conditions. In addition, when the resolution of the infrared image is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$320 \times 240$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the running efficiency of the algorithm meets the real-time requirements.
Post-anastomotic venous stenosis after Optiflow deployment: An unexpected outcome (2019)

Arteriovenous fistula failure represents a major cause of hospitalization and a significant economic burden for end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. The Optiflow (Bioconnect Systems Inc., Ambler, PA) is a new device developed to improve arteriovenous fistula outcomes and decrease failure rates by reducing the risk of stenosis and improving maturation rates. This case report describes a 50-year-old male with hypertensive nephropathy on dialysis who had multiple arteriovenous fistula failures in the past. He was scheduled to undergo brachiocephalic fistula construction using the Optiflow device. After 8 months of use, the new fistula developed a peri-anastomotic venous stenosis, just distal to the Optiflow device. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a complication has been reported.
Hot topic session 9C: Test and fault tolerance for emerging memory technologies (2014)

Ever larger on-die memory arrays for future processors in CMOS logic technology drive the need for dense and scalable embedded memory alternatives beyond SRAM and eDRAM. Recent advances in nonvolatile spin transfer torque (STT) RAM technology, which stores data by the spin orientation of a soft ferromagnetic material and shows current induced switching, have created interest for its use as embedded memory. STTRAM exhibits scalable write current, sufficient read margin and nonvolatility or persistence, all of which make it an attractive solution for last level cache, embedded cache or even main memory. In an era of on-die non-volatile storage, new defect, disturb and fault mechanisms need to be comprehended during characterization as well as manufacturing tests. The first part of the talk will introduce STTRAM and review the fundamentals of the cell design, the read and write mechanisms as well as recent advances in technology, which make it a potential successor to eDRAM, followed by how variations and thermal noise limit the material and cell design space. The second part will discuss new test models that would be required for such non-volatile storage, the necessity of large scale data collection and analysis, as well as the need for BIST and on-line testing, and conclude with challenges and opportunities in STTRAM testing that lie ahead of us.
Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine Studies in the United States and Worldwide: Frequency, Radiation Dose, and Comparison with Other Radiation Sources—1950–2007 (2009)

The U.S. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation each conducted respective assessments of all radiation sources in the United States and worldwide. The goal of this article is to summarize and combine the results of these two publicly available surveys and to compare the results with historical information. In the United States in 2006, about 377 million diagnostic and interventional radiologic examinations and 18 million nuclear medicine examinations were performed. The United States accounts for about 12% of radiologic procedures and about one-half of nuclear medicine procedures performed worldwide. In the United States, the frequency of diagnostic radiologic examinations has increased almost 10-fold (1950-2006). The U.S. per-capita annual effective dose from medical procedures has increased about sixfold (0.5 mSv [1980] to 3.0 mSv [2006]). Worldwide estimates for 2000-2007 indicate that 3.6 billion medical procedures with ionizing radiation (3.1 billion diagnostic radiologic, 0.5 billion dental, and 37 million nuclear medicine examinations) are performed annually. Worldwide, the average annual per-capita effective dose from medicine (about 0.6 mSv of the total 3.0 mSv received from all sources) has approximately doubled in the past 10-15 years.
[Demonstration of muscular activity in the human aorta. Effects of trinitrin]. (1990)

The human thoracic aorta is usually considered to be a purely elastic vessel. Transoesophageal echo-cardiography (TEE) provides a new approach to study the mechanical properties of the descending aorta. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of M mode recordings of the human descending thoracic aorta and to appreciate the changes produced by an infusion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). The reproducibility of M mode recordings was studied in vitro on plexiglass tubes of different calibre, and also in vivo, the inter and intra-observer error was estimated to 0.6% in vitro and 1% in vivo. The accuracy of the method was evaluated in vitro by comparing the measured values (MV) with the actual diameters of the plexiglass tubes (T): MV = 1.012T + 0.9; r = 0.99; SE = 0.8 mm. The systolic and diastolic diameters of the descending thoracic aorta were measured in 8 healthy volunteers by TEE, before and during continuous intravenous infusion of GTN at a rate of 0.9 mg/hr and then 1.35 mg/hr after a 10 minutes interval. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded automatically every minute. The results showed a very significant increase in the systolic (from 20.3 +/- 0.7 to 20.9 +/- 1.3 and 22.1 +/- 2.2 mm) and diastolic diameters of the aorta (from 18.3 +/- 0.7 to 19.1 +/- 1.4 and 20.1 +/- 2.4 mm) despite a fall in systolic blood pressure (from 121.3 +/- 7.7 to 114.5 +/- 6.6 and 108.4 +/- 5.4 mmHg). This study shows that TEE is a reliable and reproducible method of measuring the diameter of the human descending thoracic aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Advantages of Multiple Coronagraphic Vehicles in Occulter Missions (2003)

Free-flying external coronagraphs for space telescopes have been studied since the 1960s, but cost/ benefit analysis has not proved convincing for skeptics. A single space vehicle carrying an occulting screen can increase the contrast between a star and its orbiting extrasolar planets for a suitably designed space telescope. However, a number of advantages ensue when replacing the single occulter with a fleet of lighter-mass occulters. Target observation rates can increase in proportion to the number of coronagraphic free flying vehicles devoted to a mission. At the same time, mass requirements for individual vehicles is dramatically reduced. Mission lifetimes can at the same time potentially increase, and the risk of independent catastrophic failures onboard an occulting vehicle eliminating all science productivity for the mission are effectively vanish. Perunit vehicle costs are substantially lower than for production of a single unique craft.
Physical Processes and Human Activities in the Evolution of the Po Delta, Italy (1998)

The Po delta covers a surface of about 1300 km 2 of reclaimed lands, fresh- and salt-water lagoons, low sedimentary shores and emerging sandy banks. Its evolution has been extremely complex and several historical deltas have been recognized. Up to the end of the Middle Ages, the coastal morphology of ancient cuspidate deltas appears to have been shaped basically by natural processes. On the contrary, the formation of the modern lobate delta has been largely the result of human intervention. The Po delta is one of the largest in the Mediterranean. It contains areas of great natural beauty and monuments of historical interest and has been recognized as an internationally important wetland. In order to improve the habitability of the area and exploit its resources, man has altered the fluvial sedimentation, controlled the river network, reclaimed marshy lands, and developed agriculture, fishing, tourism and industry. The concentration of population, settlements and economic interests along the Po delta has resulted in a drastic change in existing ecosystems, together with a general decrease in the standards of environmental quality, such as beach erosion, dune degradation, land subsidence and pollution. Today the greater part of the delta lies below sea level and, to prevent flooding, several defence structures protect the deltaic coastline. The complexity and the diversity of the problems that affect the delta clearly require a unified approach. Unfortunately, the management of the Po delta depends on numerous administrative competencies. This is one of the main obstacles to the full realization of the Po delta becoming a natural park.
Source Current Harmonics and Motor Copper Loss Reduction Control of Electrolytic Capacitor-less Inverter for IPMSM Drive (2019)

To reduce the cost of an AC-DC-AC system, a single-phase-to-three-phase electrolytic capacitor-less inverter has been proposed. In particular, to satisfy the requirements of a harmonic source current, it is necessary to control the source current under sinusoidal waveform conditions. However, the DC-link voltage becomes an absolute value of the source voltage, and the output voltage is almost zero near the zero-crossing region of the source voltage. In the zero-output-voltage region, the motor current response deteriorates while controlling the sinusoidal source current. When the motor speed is high, the copper loss is always large because the motor current in the zero-output-voltage region depends on the back-electromotive force of the motor. To suppress the copper loss in the zero-output-voltage region, this paper proposes a copper-loss reduction control method that utilizes the initial-condition response of the motor current.