gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definitive Hematopoietic Multipotent Progenitor Cells Are Transiently Generated From Hemogenic Endothelial Cells in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Generation of fully functional hematopoietic multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has a great therapeutic potential to provide an unlimited cell source for treatment of hematological disorders. We previously demonstrated that CD34(+) CD31(+) CD144(+) population derived from hPSCs contain hemato-endothelial progenitors (HEPs) that give rise to hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Here, we report a differentiation system to generate definitive hematopoietic MPP cells from HEPs via endothelial monolayer. In the presence of angiogenic factors, HEPs formed an endothelial monolayer, from which hematopoietic clusters emerged through the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT was significantly enhanced by hematopoietic growth factors. The definitive MPP cells generated from endothelial monolayer were capable of forming multilineage hematopoietic colonies, giving rise to T lymphoid cells, and differentiating into enucleated erythrocytes. Emergence of hematopoietic cells from endothelial monolayer occurred transiently. Hematopoietic potential was lost during prolonged culture of HEPs in endothelial growth conditions. Our study demonstrated that CD34(+) CD31(+) CD144(+) HEPs gave rise to hematopoietic MPP cells via hemogenic endothelial cells that exist transiently. The established differentiation system provides a platform for future investigation of regulatory factors involved in de novo generation of hematopoietic MPP cells and their applications in transplantation.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Chemotherapy, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Breast Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cumulative incidence of VTE by chemotherapy and FVL carriership, overall and stratified by age at diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;
Genomic Organization of the Human PEX Gene Mutated in X-Linked Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets (1997)

X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP) is the most common form of hereditary rickets. Recently we have cloned the PEX gene and shown it to be mutated and deleted in HYP individuals. We have now completely sequenced a 243-kb genomic region containing PEX and have identified all intron–exon boundary sequences. We show that PEX, homologous to members of a neutral endopeptidase family, has an exon organization that is very similar to neprilysin. We have performed an extensive mutation analysis examining all 22 PEX coding exons in 29 familial and 14 sporadic cases of hypophosphatemia. Sequence changes include missense, frameshift, nonsense, and splice site mutations and intragenic deletions. A mutation was found in 25 (86%) of the 29 familial cases and 8 (57%) of the 14 sporadic cases. Our data provide the first evidence that most of the familial and also a large number of the sporadic cases of hypophosphatemia are caused by loss-of-function mutations in PEX . [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. Y08111 – Y08132 and Y10196 .]
Comparison of the distributions of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mRNAs in rat brain. (1991)

The distributions of messenger RNAs encoding both the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors have been determined in the rat brain by in situ hybridization. High levels of both mRNAs were found in the traditional dopaminoceptive regions of brain, including the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle; lower levels of both were found in a number of other neural structures, such as the lateral septum, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and cortex. High levels of D2 but not D1 receptor mRNA were identified in the midbrain dopamine cell groups, suggesting that the autoreceptors found in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area are exclusively D2. Other areas demonstrating differential distribution of these two mRNAs included the pituitary, amygdala, and hippocampus. Quantitative densitometric analysis revealed that in most of the brain regions studied in which both messages exist, the amounts of D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs were approximately equal. Finally, using thin (2.5-micron) sections through the caudate-putamen, about half of all cells were found to be positive for D1 receptor mRNA, and approximately 75% of cells contained D2 receptor mRNA. Subsequent analysis in sequential sections revealed that co-localization of D1 and D2 receptor mRNA occurred in 33% +/- 7% of all caudate-putamen cells: about half of all cells containing D1 receptor mRNA also contained D2 receptor mRNA, and approximately half of all D2 receptor mRNA-positive cells also contained D1 receptor mRNA. These results indicate that there is considerable overlap between D1 and D2 dopaminoceptive cells, and provide a basis for future regulatory studies of dopamine systems in brain within a defined anatomic context.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIALLERGIC ACTIVITY OF SOME ACIDIC DERIVATIVES OF 4H‐PYRIMIDO(2,1‐B)BENZAZOL‐4‐ONES (1983)

Abstract Dargestellt werden gemäß Formelschema die Verbindungen (IV) sowie die PyrimidQ‐Derivate (V).
Prenatal S-Adenosine Methionine (SAMe) Induces Changes in Gene Expression in the Brain of Newborn Mice That Are Prevented by Co-Administration of Valproic Acid (VPA) (2020)

In previous studies, we produced changes in gene expression in the brain of mice by early postnatal administration of valproic acid (VPA), with distinct differences between genders. The addition of S-adenosine methionine (SAMe) normalized the expression of most genes in both genders, while SAMe alone induced no changes. We treated pregnant dams with a single injection of VPA on day 12.5 of gestation, or with SAMe during gestational days 12-14, or by a combination of VPA and SAMe. In the frontal half of the brain, we studied the expression of 770 genes of the pathways involved in neurophysiology and neuropathology using the NanoString nCounter method. SAMe, but not VPA, induced statistically significant changes in the expression of many genes, with differences between genders. The expression of 112 genes was changed in both sexes, and another 170 genes were changed only in females and 31 only in males. About 30% of the genes were changed by more than 50%. One of the most important pathways changed by SAMe in both sexes was the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) pathway. Pretreatment with VPA prevented almost all the changes in gene expression induced by SAMe. We conclude that large doses of SAMe, if administered prenatally, may induce significant epigenetic changes in the offspring. Hence, SAMe and possibly other methyl donors may be epigenetic teratogens.
Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus UL80 Protease by Specific Intramolecular Disulfide Bond Formation (1996)

A symmetrically substituted disulfide compound, CL13933, was identified as a potent inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus UL80 protease. Two types of inhibited protease were observed, depending on inhibitor concentration. At high concentrations, CL13933 formed a covalent adduct with the protease on Cys residues. At lower concentrations, this compound induced specific intramolecular disulfide formation between Cys84 and Cys87, and between Cys138 and Cys161. In contrast, Cys202 did not form disulfide bonds. Inhibition was reversed upon reduction of the protease. Each of the five cysteines of the UL80 protease was individually mutated to Ala. Each of the mutant proteases retained enzymatic activity, but mutants C138A and C161A were resistant to inhibition by CL13933, suggesting that disulfide bond formation between Cys138 and Cys161 is responsible for inhibition. This disulfide is apparently not induced by air oxidation. Examination of the CL13933 loading patterns of wild type and the five mutant proteases by mass spectrometry revealed that residues Cys87, Cys138, and Cys161 react with CL13933, and that the disulfide pair partner of each (Cys84, Cys161, and Cys138, respectively) is able to displace the compound via thiol-disulfide exchange. The possible significance of these reactive thiols in the protease is discussed.
The development and integration of a distributed 3D FFT for a cluster of workstations (2000)

<b><i>Introduction/Objectives:</i></b> Despite minimal evidence that evaluates the effect of age on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) morbidity, pediatric and elderly patients are considered high-risk groups. Our objective was to assess the effect of the extremes of ages on PCNL readmission and postoperative complication rates. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We identified all PCNL encounters in the 2013 and 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database. Encounters were divided into five age groups: pediatric (<18 years old), young adult (18-25 years old), adult (26-64 years old), geriatric (65-74 years old), and elderly (≥75 years old). Weighted descriptive statistics were used to describe population demographics. We fit an adjusted weighted logistic regression model for 30-day readmission and complication rates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 23,357 encounters. Testing average effect of pediatric and elderly encounters to all other age groups did not reveal a difference in odds for 30-day readmissions, but did result in increased odds for 30-day GU readmissions (odds ratio: 17.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.65-118.9]; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Compared to all other age groups, elderly encounters had 7.5 (95% CI: 2.5-22.7; <i>p</i> = 0.0004) times the odds of a 30-day readmission and 68.3 (95% CI: 29.1-160.4; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) times the odds of a postoperative complication. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> When comparing the average effect of the extremes of ages to all other age groups, we did not find evidence to suggest a difference in odds for 30-day GU readmissions, but did find increased odds for complications. Further examination revealed that PCNL encounters of elderly patients had significantly increased odds for both readmission and complications, whereas PCNL encounters of pediatric patients did not.
8-Chloro-Cyclic AMP and Protein Kinase A I-Selective Cyclic AMP Analogs Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth through Different Mechanisms (2011)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) inhibits the proliferation of several tumor cells. We previously reported an antiproliferative effect of PKA I-selective cAMP analogs (8-PIP-cAMP and 8-HA-cAMP) on two human cancer cell lines of different origin. 8-Cl-cAMP, another cAMP analog with known antiproliferative properties, has been investigated as a potential anticancer drug. Here, we compared the antiproliferative effect of 8-Cl-cAMP and the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs in three human cancer cell lines (ARO, NPA and WRO). 8-Cl-cAMP and the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs had similarly potent antiproliferative effects on the BRAF-positive ARO and NPA cells, but not on the BRAF-negative WRO cells, in which only 8-Cl-cAMP consistently inhibited cell growth. While treatment with the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs was associated with growth arrest, 8-Cl-cAMP induced apoptosis. To further investigate the actions of 8-Cl-cAMP and the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs, we analyzed their effects on signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs, but not 8-Cl-cAMP, inhibited ERK phosphorylation, whereas 8-Cl-cAMP alone induced a progressive phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), via activation of AMPK by its metabolite 8-Cl-adenosine. Importantly, the pro-apoptotic effect of 8-Cl-cAMP could be largely prevented by pharmacological inhibition of the p38 MAPK. Altogether, these data suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP and the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs, though of comparable antiproliferative potency, act through different mechanisms. PKA I-selective cAMP analogs induce growth arrest in cells carrying the BRAF oncogene, whereas 8-Cl-cAMP induce apoptosis, apparently through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
Formation of FePt nanoparticles in annealed FePt/C multilayers (2003)

The formation of FePt nanoparticles by annealing FePt/C multilayer in the range of 600–800 °C was studied. During annealing at 700 °C, the coercivity of FePt (5 Å)/C (5 Å) sample increases from 0.2 to 6 kOe after 2 min of annealing, reaching 14.5 kOe after 1 h, while the coercivity of FePt (5 Å)/C (20 Å) sample shows a much slower change with annealing, exhibiting a value of 3.5 kOe after 1 h of annealing. Transmission electron microscopy results did not show a layer structure in as-deposited 5 Å/5 Å samples, and a clear superlattice reflection was observed in 5 Å/5 Å samples subjected to 2 min of annealing, indicative of the L10 fct phase. The degree of atomic ordering of the fct structure increases with further annealing. After 1 h of annealing, the 5 Å/5 Å samples show aggregates of particles with a well-ordered structure and a wide particle size distribution. In the as-deposited 5 Å/20 Å sample, a layer structure was observed with a uniform particle size distribution. After 5 min annealing at 700 °C, the layers are completely broken with the appearance of weak superlattice reflections. Both particle size and degree of atomic ordering increase slowly with further annealing in the 5 Å/20 Å sample. After 1 h annealing, isolated particles were observed with an average particle size of 6 nm. Depositing thicker carbon layers appear to restrict the growth of particles and delay the onset of atomic ordering with annealing.
Water Will Be the Coal of the Future—The Untamed Dream of Jules Verne for a Solar Fuel (2016)

This article evokes the futuristic visions of two giants, one a writer, <i>Jules Verne</i>, who foresaw water as the coal of the future, and the other a scientist, <i>Giacomo Ciamician</i>, who foresaw the utilization of solar energy as an energy source with which to drive photochemical and photocatalytic reactions for the betterment of mankind. Specifically, we examine briefly the early work of the 1960s and 1970s on the photosplitting of free water and water adsorbed on solid supports, based mostly on metal oxides, from which both hydrogen and oxygen evolve in the expected stoichiometric ratio of 2 to 1. The two oil crises of the 1970s (1973 and 1979) spurred the interest of researchers from various disciplines (photochemistry, photo-catalysis and photoelectrochemistry) in search of a <i>Holy Grail</i> photocatalyst, process, or strategy to achieve efficient water splitting so as to provide an energy source alternative to fossil fuels. Some approaches to the photosplitting of water adsorbed on solid insulators (high bandgap materials; E<sub>bg</sub> ≥ 5 eV) and semiconductor photocatalysts (metal oxides) are described from which we deduce that metal oxides with bandgap energies around 5 eV (e.g., ZrO₂) are more promising materials to achieve significant water splitting on the basis of quantum yields than narrower bandgap photocatalysts (e.g., TiO₂; E<sub>bg</sub> ≈ 3.0-3.2 eV), which tend to be relatively inactive by comparison. Although proof of concept of the photosplitting of water has been demonstrated repeatedly in the last four decades, much remains to be done to find <i>the Holy Grail</i> photocatalyst and/or strategy to achieve significant yields of hydrogen.
Protein and Peptide Conjugation to Polymers and Surfaces Using Oxime Chemistry (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Protein/Peptide–Polymer Conjugates Immobilization of Proteins and Peptides on Surfaces Conclusions References
Fuzzy Apportionment of System Reliability (1987)

The concept of reliability apportionment is general and has even been applied to the allocation of man-machine reliability. Typically, however, the process of optimally apportioning individual component reliability to meet some desired system reliability level subject, perhaps, to constraints on cost, volume, weight, etc. has always been imprecise and vague at best. In real problems, the resource constraints are no more sacred than the objective system reliability; they are frequently flexible. In view of the inherent vagueness of the reliability objective as well as constraints in a typical ill-structured reliability apportionment problem, this paper formulates the nonlinear optimization problem in the fuzzy-set theoretic perspective. To illustrate the philosophy, a simple reliability apportionment example with a budgetary constraint for a 2-component series structure is analyzed. Then the concept is generalized into a more realistic problem with multiple components and constraints. This tutorial paper is an easy introduction for the newcomer to fuzzy-system theory.
Selective Detection of Dengue Virus Serotypes Using Tandem Toehold-Mediated Displacement Reactions (2019)

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common human arboviral infection worldwide and can present with severe clinical manifestations. Timely DENV detection improves clinical outcomes, and identification of the DENV serotype (DENV-1-4) may provide beneficial epidemiologic data to inform the initiation of control measures. Here, DENV RNA-triggered, enzyme-free tandem toehold-mediated displacement reactions were developed to identify and serotype DENV in RNA controls and contrived samples through the amplification of a fluorescent signal detected by the use of a fluorescent scanner and a confocal microscope. Each DENV serotype was detected selectively using both imaging methods. In addition, a 384-well plate was used to prepare an array for diagnosis of the four DENV RNA serotypes from contrived clinical samples. The four serotypes of dengue virus were detected using novel enzyme-free amplification reactions, which are more facile than amplification using reverse transcriptase PCR.
Reductive Cyclization of Enones by a Titanium Catalyst (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive Cyclization of Enones by a Titanium CatalystNatasha M. Kablaoui and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 25, 6785–6786Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00130a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1180Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Utility and usability: research issues and development contexts (1992)

Journal Article Utility and usability: research issues and development contexts Get access Jonathan Grudin Jonathan Grudin Information and Computer Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717, USA. Email: grudin@ics.uci.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 4, Issue 2, August 1992, Pages 209–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90005-Z Published: 01 August 1992
P‐133: Variable Liquid Crystal Pretilt and Azimuth Angle Using Stacked Alignment Layers (2009)

Abstract A new alignment layer is developed. This alignment layer is capable of generating arbitrary pretilt and azimuth angles for the liquid crystal. It is based on stacking both photo‐aligned polymer and rubbed polyimide together. The alignment produced is robust. Moreover, the processing window is also maximized.
Abstract 3668: Single-dose activity of PSMA ADC against prostate cancer xenograft and explant tumors (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an attractive target for antibody-targeted therapy of prostate cancer due to its abundant and selective expression on the surface of prostate cancer cells. We have generated a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) by linking a fully human PSMA monoclonal antibody to monomethylauristatin-E (MMAE), a potent tubulin inhibitor. Here, we describe the use of PSMA ADC to treat SCID mice bearing LNCaP xenografts or LuCaP explants derived from surgical resections of prostate cancer patients. Methods: PSMA expression in LNCaP and LuCaP tumor cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Activity of PSMA ADC, assessed by decrease in tumor volume, was evaluated in LNCaP xenograft and LuCaP explant models. SCID mice were implanted subcutaneously with cultured LNCaP tumor cells or disaggregated human LuCaP 70 or LuCaP 77 prostate tumor tissue obtained from tumor-bearing mice. When average tumor size reached ∼300mm3, animals were randomized into groups of 9-10 mice and each animal was treated with a single intravenous dose of vehicle control, a control ADC of irrelevant specificity, or PSMA ADC. Treatment effects were assessed by measuring tumor volume and overall survival for up to 41 days post-treatment. Results: Surface expression of PSMA was assessed by flow cytometry, with a rank order of expression as follows: LNCaP &amp;gt; LuCaP 70, LuCaP 77, LuCaP 105 &amp;gt; LuCaP 96.1 &amp;gt; LuCaP 35V, LuCaP 141. Single-dose PSMA ADC demonstrated significant activity against LNCaP xenografts at a dose of 5 mg/kg (p&amp;lt;0.0001 relative to either vehicle or control ADC) and against LuCaP 77 explants at a dose of 10 mg/kg (p=0.0003 relative to either vehicle or control ADC). A trend toward delayed tumor growth was observed in the LuCaP 70 tumor model. Conclusion: Single-dose PSMA ADC showed activity against LNCaP xenografts and LuCaP explants derived from surgical resections of prostate cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3668. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3668
NUT Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, and treatment (2018)

NUT carcinoma (NC) is a rare, aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma defined by rearrangement of the NUTM1 (aka NUT) gene. NC is driven by NUT-fusion oncoproteins resulting from chromosomal translocation, most commonly BRD4-NUT. This is a nearly uniformly lethal cancer affecting patients of all ages, but predominantly teens and young adults. The cell of origin is unknown, but NC most commonly arises within the thorax and head and neck. NC typically consists of sheets of monomorphic primitive round cells that can exhibit focal abrupt squamous differentiation. Diagnosis of NC is easy, and can be established by positive NUT nuclear immunohistochemical staining. Though characterization of the NUTM1-fusion gene is desirable by molecular analysis, it is not required for the diagnosis. The increasingly widespread availability of the NUT diagnostic test is leading to increasing diagnoses of this vastly underdiagnosed disease. The NUT midline carcinoma registry (www.NMCRegistry.org) serves as a central repository that has provided the main source of clinical and outcomes data for NC. Currently there is no effective therapy for NC, however small molecules directly targeting the BRD4 portion of BRD4-NUT, termed BET bromodomain inhibitors, have shown activity.