gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Transfusion with a Blood Substitute (Fluosol-DA, 20%) on Cerebral Circulation in the Monkey (1981)

Local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) and electroencephalogram were monitored in six monkeys after a transfusion using a perfluorochemical suspension (Fluosol-DA, 20%) that has been manufactured as a blood substitute and is known to be synthetic, biologically inert, and nontoxic and to have a high capacity for carrying oxygen. The animals were mechanically ventilated, and blood gases were maintained at physiological levels. Fluosol-DA, 20% was administered either by an exchange transfusion of 20 ml/kg or by an infusion of 8 ml/kg followed by an exchange transfusion of 12 ml/kg. lCBF was measured using the hydrogen clearance technique. An equation was proposed to estimate the tissue-blood partition coefficient of hydrogen; this coefficient is considered to be dependent upon the amount of perfluorochemicals in the blood and was used to calculate lCBF. Systemic blood pressure, pulse rate, central venous pressure, electroencephalogram, and gas analysis of the blood from the femoral artery, the femoral vein, and the superior sagittal sinus showed little change throughout the experiment. lCBF was increased by 12% (p less than 0.005) after the infusion of Fluosol-DA, 20% of 8 ml/kg and by 31% (p less than 0.02) after the exchange transfusion. Hyperventilation reduced lCBF significantly (p less than 0.005), which implies that the reactivity of the cerebral blood vessels to hypocarbia was not impaired by the administration of FLuosol-DA, 20%. Both the results of this study and the physical properties of Fluosol-DA, 20% suggest that this blood substitute can safely be used for normal human brains and that it might also be effective for ischemic brains.
Experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of xylenes (2006)

This paper describes an experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of the three isomers of xylene (ortho-, meta- and para-xylenes). For each compound, ignition delay times of hydrocarbon-oxygen-argon mixtures with fuel equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 2 were measured behind reflected shock waves for temperatures from 1330 to 1800 K and pressures from 6.7 to 9 bar. The results show a similar reactivity for the three isomers. A detailed kinetic mechanism has been proposed, which reproduces our experimental results, as well as some literature data obtained in a plug flow reactor at 1155 K showing a clear difference of reactivity between the three isomers of xylene. The main reaction paths have been determined by sensitivity and flux analyses and have allowed the differences of reactivity to be explained.
Polymer alloys and blends : thermodynamics and rheology (1990)

Polymer alloys and blends: thermodynamics and rheology , Polymer alloys and blends: thermodynamics and rheology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Bornavirus Encephalitis Shows a Characteristic Magnetic Resonance Phenotype in Humans (2020)

BoDV-1 encephalitis shows a distinct pattern of inflammation in both the early and late stages of the disease. Its appearance can mimic sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease on MRI and should be considered a differential diagnosis in the case of atypical clinical presentation. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:723-735.
Pan-cancer analysis of the developmental pathways reveals non-canonical wnt signaling as a driver of mesenchymal-type tumors (2020)

The processes of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and the signaling pathways that drive these events, are activated in both cancer and during embryonic development. Here, we systematically assessed how the activity of major developmental signaling pathways, represented by the expression of genes encoding components of the pathways, correlated with patient survival in ∼8000 patients across 17 cancer types. We also compared the expressed genes enriched in developmental pathways with those associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) both in a cancer cohort and in mice during embryonic development. We found that EMT and gene expression profiles consistent with high activity of several developmental pathways, including the TGFβ, Notch, and non-canonical Wnt pathways, significantly correlated with poor patient survival in multiple cancer types. We investigated individual components of these pathways and found that expression of the gene encoding the non-canonical Wnt receptor, frizzled 2 (FZD2), is highly correlated with both poor patient survival and gene expression indicating EMT in the tumors. Further mechanistic studies and pathway analyses revealed that FZD2-regulated genes in cancer cells in culture or FZD2-regulated gene sets from the TCGA data or FZD2-regulated genes involved in mouse organogenesis converged in EMT-associated biological processes, suggesting that FZD2 is a key driver of mesenchymal-like cell state and thus, a contributor to cancer progression and metastasis.
Electrical properties of iron oxide-polyethylene glycol humidity-sensitive elements (1976)

Films of α-Fe2O3 particles in a polyethylene glycol matrix exhibit electrical properties which are strong functions of relative humidity. Electrical impedance measurements over the frequency range 10−3–105 Hz were used to establish equivalent circuits for the samples including the electrodes. The variation of the equivalent-circuit elements with electrode geometry can be used to give a simple physical interpretation to the equivalent-circuit elements. We conclude that the humidity response is associated with the bulk resistance of the glycol. This resistance is dependent upon ion mobility which in turn depends on the viscosity. Viscosity is, of course, a function of water content. The resistance is in series with the electrode capacitance due to dipole double layers. By a suitable choice of electrode geometry, the impedance of the series capacitance will be negligible at a convenient operating frequency.
Making sense in partnership: The development, implementation and evaluation of training to address medically unexplained symptoms within primary care (2016)

Working effectively with people with medically unexplained symptoms is a major challenge for many primary care practitioners. How can psychology provide a brief, practical way of helping them?
An experimental investigation on the switching reliability of a phase change memory device with an oxidized TiN electrode (2006)

Fluctuations (or drifts) in switching voltages such as programming set/reset voltages and threshold voltage pose serious obstacles to the reliable operation of electrical phase change memory devices. Using a phase change memory device having a GeSb2Te4 phase change material and TiN electrode, these fluctuations are demonstrated to result from device resistances varying with programming cycles. Fluctuating resistances appear to stem primarily from large contact resistances at the interface between the phase change material and the TiN electrode and from inhomogeneous phase distribution across the GeSb2Te4 layer due to unsuccessful heat confinement near the interface with TiN. Oxidation of a TiN electrode surface (via thermal annealing at 350°C under an atmospheric gas mixture of 97.9vol% N2 and 2.1vol% O2) is very effective in the reduction of fluctuations in device resistances and switching voltages hence the resulting increase in the programming cycles by two orders of magnitude. From a high resolution transmission electron microscopy, the oxidized surface was shown to consist of a titanium oxide layer primarily with Ti2O3 crystallites which is presumed to yield enhanced stability of the device by the following two effects. Firstly, Ge, Sb, and Te atoms would have stronger bonds to oxygen atoms than to nitrogen atoms by about 0.5eV, thereby producing more robust interface. Accordingly, the magnitude of contact resistance and its variation are reduced significantly so as to have little influence on the device resistances and their fluctuations. Secondly, thermally and electrically more resistive nature of the oxide layer would tend to yield, by enhanced generation and confinement of Joule heat, more uniform temperature distribution across the phase change material layer, rendering possibly a more homogeneous single phase material hence steadier sheet resistances with programming cycles.
Acute renal failure and hearing loss due to sodium bromate poisoning: a case report and review of the literature (2002)

Acute renal failure with hearing loss due to sodium bromate intoxication is described. A 48-year-old woman who ingested permanent wave neutralizer in a suicide attempt and developed anuria was admitted to our hospital for hemodialysis. Bromate intoxication was suspected and hemodialysis was carried out; she required maintenance dialysis 3 times a week. Irreversible severe sensorineural hearing loss continued and peripheral polyneuropathy developed in the lower limbs. We measured the concentration of bromine in the serum before and after the first hemodialysis and found its removal rate to be 61.3%. This is the first report that proved the utility of hemodialysis for bromate intoxication in a clinical setting.
Fractal Structure of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Porous Media (1988)

Concentration contours in the displacement of a clear fluid by a colored fluid of the same viscosity and density in a two-dimensional porous medium are shown to be self-affine fractal curves with a fractal dimension $D\ensuremath{\simeq}1.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$. The dispersion front may on the average be described by the hydrodynamic dispersion with a longitudinal dispersion coefficient ${D}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=U{d}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$, where $U$ is the average flow velocity and ${d}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ is a characteristic length of the order of a pore diameter. This result is valid for dispersion at high P\'eclet numbers $\mathrm{Pe}=\frac{U{d}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}{{D}_{m}}$, where ${D}_{m}$ is the molecular diffusion coefficient of the dye.
Metal-Specific Interactions of H2 Adsorbed within Isostructural Metal–Organic Frameworks (2011)

Diffuse reflectance infrared (IR) spectroscopy performed over a wide temperature range (35-298 K) is used to study the dynamics of H(2) adsorbed within the isostructural metal-organic frameworks M(2)L (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni and Zn; L = 2,5-dioxidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) referred to as MOF-74 and CPO-27. Spectra collected at H(2) concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 H(2) per metal cation reveal that strongly red-shifted vibrational modes arise from isolated H(2) bound to the available metal coordination site. The red shift of the bands associated with this site correlate with reported isosteric enthalpies of adsorption (at small surface coverage), which in turn depend on the identity of M. In contrast, the bands assigned to H(2) adsorbed at positions >3 Å from the metal site exhibit only minor differences among the five materials. Our results are consistent with previous models based on neutron diffraction data and independent IR studies, but they do not support a recently proposed adsorption mechanism that invokes strong H(2)···H(2) interactions (Nijem et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2010, 132, 14834-14848). Room temperature IR spectra comparable to those on which the recently proposed adsorption mechanism was based were only reproduced after contaminating the adsorbent with ambient air. Our interpretation that the uncontaminated spectral features result from stepwise adsorption at discrete framework sites is reinforced by systematic red shifts of adsorbed H(2) isotopologues and consistencies among overtone bands that are well-described by the Buckingham model of molecular interactions in vibrational spectroscopy.
Ad-Hoc Multi-Displays for Mobile Interactive Applications (2010)

We present a framework which enables the combination of different mobile devices into one multi-display such that visual content can be shown on a larger area consisting, e.g., of several mobile phones placed arbitrarily on the table. Our system allows the user to perform multi-touch interaction metaphors, even across different devices, and it guarantees the proper synchronization of the individual displays with low latency. Hence from the users perspective the heterogeneous collection of mobile devices acts like one single display and input device. From the system perspective the major technical and algorithmic challenges lie in the co-calibration of the individual displays and in the low latency synchronization and communication of user events. For the calibration we estimate the relative positioning of the displays by visual object recognition and an optional manual calibration step.
Microwave spectroscopy of nanofiber-trapped cesium atoms (2016)

Hybrid quantum systems are promising candidates for realizing a quantum network. A particularly interesting approach in this context relies on optical-nanofiber-based atom-photon interfaces [1]. Using a two-color evanescent field, cold neutral atoms are trapped about 200nm away from the nanofiber surface. This small distance allows evanescent coupling between the trapped atoms and additional fiber-guided light fields. The control of the atoms' internal degrees of freedom has already been demonstrated extensively in the nanofiber system, including the preparation of Zeeman states [2, 3] and coherent dark states [4]. However, for complete control, one should also be able to manipulate the external degrees of freedom at the quantum level. In order to characterize the motional states of the trapped atoms, we record microwave spectra of the atomic hyperfine ground state manifold. As the trapping potential is spin-state-dependent, we can drive microwave transitions between different motional states [5]. In this case, motional sidebands appear in the spectra as additional resonances which are separated by integer multiples of the trap frequency from the microwave carrier transition. We use microwave spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool in order to precisely infer the trap frequency and the temperature of the atoms in the nanofiber-based trap. Furthermore, we can cool the atoms by repeatedly driving microwave transitions to lower vibrational states. Once atoms are cooled, their coherence time is increased as the influence of position-dependent light shifts is reduced. Moreover, thanks to the improved localization, the coupling of the atoms to nanofiber-guided optical fields is even more precisely controlled. This is beneficial for realizing nanofiber-based quantum memories, which have the potential to become an important building block in future quantum networks.
Identification of a human anti-CD55 single-chain Fv by subtractive panning of a phage library using tumor and nontumor cell lines. (1999)

A large naive human single-chain (sc) Fv phage library was used to search for tumor-associated antigens by panning with a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, 1264, and counter-selecting with a nontumor bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. After three rounds of subtractive panning, 239 of 673 clones analyzed bound selectively to 1264 tumor cells in a phage ELISA. Diversity analysis of these tumor-selective clones by BstNI fingerprinting and nucleotide sequencing revealed 14 distinct scFv fragments. Four clones bound selectively to 1264 over BEAS-2B cells when analyzed by a more discriminating flow cytometric assay using scFv. Moreover, these clones showed only limited cross-reactivity to several primary human cell lines. One clone, LU30, also cross-reacted strongly with the lung adenocarcinoma line, A549. The LU30 antigen was identified as decay-accelerating factor (CD55) by expression cloning from a 1264 cDNA library. The mean number of decay-accelerating factor molecules on the surface of 1264 and BEAS cells used for panning and counter-selection was estimated as 75,000 +/- 5,000 and 13,000 +/- 10,000, respectively. Thus, phage library panning combined with expression cloning permits identification of antibodies and their cognate antigens for proteins that are differentially expressed on the surface of distinct cell populations.
Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix. Structure and Biological Action of Cucumariosides A1, A3, A4, A5, A6, A12 and A15, Seven New Minor Non-sulfated Tetraosides and Unprecedented 25-Keto, 27-Norholostane Aglycone (2012)

Seven new minor triterpene glycosides, cucumariosides A1 (1), A3 (2), A4 (3), A5 (4), A6 (5), A12 (6) and A15 (7) have been isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix. Structures of the glycosides were elucidated by 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS. Glycosides 1-7 belong to the group of cucumariosides A, having linear tetrasaccharide carbohydrate moieties without any sulfate group and possessing 3-O-methyl-D-xylose as a terminal monosaccharide unit. The latter peculiarity is rare in sea cucumber glycosides, but typical for the glycosides from E. fraudatrix. Glycosides 1-7 differ from each other by side chain structures in the aglycone moieties; three of them have unique structural features. The first is the presence of a 25-butoxy-group in the side chain of cucumarioside A3 (2), the second is a 23E,25-diene system in cucumarioside A6 (5) and the third is a 25-keto-27-nor-holostane aglycone in cucumarioside A12 (6); these were never previously found in sea cucumber glycosides. Cytotoxic activity of glycosides 1-7 against mouse spleen lymphocytes and the cells of the ascite form of mouse Ehrlich carcinoma, along with hemolytic activity against mouse erythrocytes and antifungal activity were studied. Glycosides 1 and 5 were the most active in all the tests.
Computer-assisted spine surgery:A technique for accurate transpedicular screw fixation using CT data and a 3-D optical localizer (1995)

The computer-assisted spine surgery system presented in this paper follows the basic ideas which have been developed for computer-assisted medical interventions (CAMI) in our lab since 1985. There are three steps to insert a linear tool inside vertebral pedicles. First, the surgeon defines an optimal trajectory on pre-operative computed tomography. Second, this trajectory is reported in the operating room coordinate system using an intra-operative sensor and a registration algorithm. Third, a guiding system helps the surgeon follow the selected trajectory. In this paper, we present an implementation of this method that uses only a 3-dimensional optical localizer. Results on cadaver specimens and on the first seven patients are presented.
Concomitant gradient terms in phase contrast MR: Analysis and correction (1998)

Whenever a linear gradient is activated, concomitant magnetic fields with non-linear spatial dependence result. This is a consequence of Maxwell's equations, i.e., within the imaging volume the magnetic field must have zero divergence, and has negligible curl. The concomitant, or Maxwell field has been described in the MRI literature for over 10 years. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally show the existence of two additional lowest-order terms in the concomitant field, which we call cross-terms. The concomitant gradient cross-terms only arise when the longitudinal gradient Gz is simultaneously active with a transverse gradient (Gx or Gy). The effect of all of the concomitant gradient terms on phase contrast imaging is examined in detail. Several methods for reducing or eliminating phase errors arising from the concomitant magnetic field are described. The feasibility of a joint pulse sequence-reconstruction method, which requires no increase in minimum TE, is demonstrated. Since the lowest-order terms of the concomitant field are proportional to G2/B0, the importance of concomitant gradient terms is expected to increase given the current interest in systems with stronger gradients and/or weaker main magnetic fields.
Optimizing for Generalization in Machine Learning with Cross-Validation\n Gradients (2018)

Cross-validation is the workhorse of modern applied statistics and machine\nlearning, as it provides a principled framework for selecting the model that\nmaximizes generalization performance. In this paper, we show that the\ncross-validation risk is differentiable with respect to the hyperparameters and\ntraining data for many common machine learning algorithms, including logistic\nregression, elastic-net regression, and support vector machines. Leveraging\nthis property of differentiability, we propose a cross-validation gradient\nmethod (CVGM) for hyperparameter optimization. Our method enables efficient\noptimization in high-dimensional hyperparameter spaces of the cross-validation\nrisk, the best surrogate of the true generalization ability of our learning\nalgorithm.\n
IDENTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURAL BENEFITS OF BASE AND SUBGRADE STABILIZATION (1995)

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses stabilized subgrades and bases extensively. In fact subgrade stabilization is almost routine in many districts and especially in those with clay subgrades. A pressing need exists to determine the effectiveness of stabilization of subgrades and base courses, to evaluate the current mixtures and thickness design approaches and to suggest realistic structural properties associated with these stabilized pavement layers. Report 1287-2 considers both base course and subgrade stabilization. Stabilized bases are divided into three categories: heavily stabilized, moderately stabilized and lightly stabilized, depending on the amount of stabilizer used. Heavily stabilized bases perform as rigid structural layers. This report suggests modifications to currently used TxDOT mixture design and thickness design approaches to minimize structural damage within the stabilized base layer due to both non-load associated cracking and load associated fatigue cracking. Moderate and light levels of base stabilization significantly improve the structural contribution of the layer without, in most cases, producing a rigid structural layer. This type of stabilization is advantageous in many applications. Report 1287-2 suggests appropriate mixture design approaches and thickness design approaches employing current TxDOT testing and analytical tools for moderately and lightly stabilized bases. Lime stabilization of calcareous bases, caliche and limestone bases with low percentages of lime is addressed as a special topic. The mechanism of stabilization is explained, and expected engineering improvements in the calcareous bases are documented based on extensive laboratory testing and field measurements using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). The report investigates structural benefits derived from lime stabilization of subgrades based on laboratory testing and field testing using the FWD and the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The DCP is used to verify FWD measurements and, consequently, moduli backcalculations derived from FWD deflection data. This report suggests values of resilient moduli for design and analysis purposes for lime-stabilized subgrade soils.
Detection of Cyanidin in Different-colored Peanut Testae and Identification of Peanut Cyanidin 3-sambubioside (2009)

Peanut testae are potent sources of polyphenols. When the water extracts and acid hydrolysates of five different-colored testae were analyzed by HPLC, chromatograms monitored at 280 nm varied remarkably, whereas two major peaks in the chromatograms monitored at 530 nm were detected only in kernels having completely or partially black color. After acid hydrolysis of the extracts, cyanidin was detected in each of the hydrolysates. By respectively subjecting the black testae of raw and roasted (175 degrees C for 20 min) kernels of a black colored cultivar to water extraction and HPLC analysis, a prominent peak was detected in both extracts. The structure of the substance under those peaks was identified by mass and NMR spectrometry as cyanidin 3-sambubioside in peanut testae for the first time. Subjection of cyanidin 3-sambubioside to antioxidation and anti-inflammation assessments revealed that it was a potent antioxidant and inhibitor of nitric oxide production.