gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for modifying the image quality parameters of digital radiographic images (2003)

A new computer simulation approach is presented that is capable of modeling several varieties of digital radiographic systems by their image quality characteristics. In this approach, the resolution and noise characteristics of ideal supersampled input images are modified according to input modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and noise power spectra (NPS). The modification process is separated into two routines-one for modification of the resolution and another for modification of the noise characteristics of the input image. The resolution modification routine blurs the input image by applying a frequency filter described by the input MTF. The resulting blurred image is then reduced to its final size to account for the sampling process of the digital system. The noise modification routine creates colored noise by filtering the frequency components of a white noise spectrum according to the input noise power. This noise is then applied to the image by a moving region of interest to account for variations in noise due to differences in attenuation. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the modification routines, additional routines were developed to assess the resolution and noise of digital images. The MTFs measured from the output images of the resolution modification routine were within 3% of the input MTF The NPS measured from the output images of the noise modification routine were within 2% of the input NPS. The findings indicate that the developed modification routines provide a good means of simulating the resolution and noise characteristics of digital radiographic systems for optimization or processing purposes.
A Proposal for High Air-Traffic Oceanic Flight Routes Employing Ad-Hoc Networks (2009)

This paper proposes a reliable communication system for high air-traffic oceanic flight routes in aeronautical industry. This proposal uses a single aeronautical VHF channel with an air-to-air radio relay system based on local ad-hoc networks. A TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) is proposed to be used for multiple access in a wide-area where each aircraft is assigned with one time slot and kept during its presence in the system in order to transmit its own packet by itself or to relay its packets by neighbor aircrafts. By transmitting in each three frame- periods, each aircraft's position, ID and direction are all used to build a routing table at each neighbor aircraft. Several methods of relaying packets are discussed to reduce packet-loss-ratio occurred from relaying process. In addition, the method to deal with the sparseness of aircrafts in some periods of time was also proposed to make the packet-loss-ratio lower. This system is an effective way not only to allow aviation authority to give more flights but also increase the safety by providing situational awareness frequently for all flights on the oceanic routes.
Reasoning about uncertainty and correlated beliefs (2010)

Reasoning about uncertainty has been an active area of research for over thirty years. With the advent of networked systems, especially the Web, it became important to be able to combine uncertain information that comes from different sources. One of the hard problems in this area is combining evidence obtained from correlated, possibly conflicting, information sources.
This dissertation develops Belief Logic Programming (BLP), a novel form of quantitative logic programming that deals with uncertain and inconsistent information and is able to combine and correlate evidence obtained from non-independent information sources. BLP was inspired by Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and belief combination functions. Our approach does not depend on a particular method of combining evidence and, in fact, different combination methods can be used simultaneously for different types of uncertain information. Most importantly, unlike previous efforts to integrate uncertainty and logic programming, BLP can correlate structural information contained in rules and provides more accurate estimates for certainty factors. 
Together with declarative and fixpoint semantics for BLP, the dissertation develops optimized query evaluation algorithms. In addition, the monotonicity and non-monotonicity properties of BLP as well as the relationship to defeasible reasoning, paraconsistent reasoning, and Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence are discussed.
After developing the basic framework, the dissertation develops several extensions. One extension allows cyclic dependencies in BLP rules. Another extension captures quantitative correlation among the base facts. Since full correlation information might not always be available, we develop an approach that allows to approximate correlation information using only partial information. Under certain conditions, this approximate method yields the same results as the method that is based on full information. The query evaluation algorithms are then extended to cover the enhancements.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendritic Rods with a Poly(triacetylene) Backbone: Insulated Molecular Wires. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Depolymerization of schizophyllan by controlled hydrodynamic shear. (1984)

Schizophyllan, a triple-helical beta-glucan elaborated by Schizophyllum commune Fries, was depolymerized by controlled hydrodynamic shear in the aqueous solution. The molecular weight firstly decreased rapidly and then gradually approached a constant value. The rate of depolymerization appeared to be related to the shear rate of the solution, and be stimulated by increasing the concentration of schizophyllan in the aqueous solution. Chemical analysis of the depolymerized polysaccharide indicated that depolymerization was mainly involved in the cleavages of the beta-l, 3-linked main chain. Although the depolymerization mechanism would be similar to that caused by ultrasonic depolymerization, the present hydrodynamic depolymerization seems to be more suitable than the latter method for an industrial scale depolymerization of polysaccharides.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering from small volumes (1984)

We have used coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy to resolve the Raman Q-branch line [Q (2) at 2987.18 cm(-1)] of dueterium gas contained in a 60-microm-diameter glass sphere. The 60-microm spheres contained only 10(+13) molecules at standard temperature and pressure; this made it possible to study gases that in larger quantities would be too dangerous or expensive to use.
Ultra-low contact resistance metallization by a silicidation technology employing a silicon capping layer for protection against contamination (2002)

An ultra low contact resistance metallization process has been developed by employing Ta silicidation of Si contact surface by ion beam mixing through a tantalum film covered with a Si capping layer. The as-deposited Ta surface is protected in-situ by a very thin Si film in order to prevent the metal surface from being oxidized or contaminated during subsequent processing. As a result, completely native-oxide-free contact metallization has been established. By combining the oxide-free Si/metal-on-Si deposition and ultraclean ion implantation for ion mixing, an ultra low contact resistance of 3.3/spl times/10/sup -9/ (/spl Omega/ cm/sup 2/) has been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On Hypothesis Testing Against Independence with Multiple Decision Centers (2017)

A distributed binary hypothesis testing problem is studied with one observer and two decision centers. Achievable type-II error exponents are derived for testing against conditional independence when the observer communicates with the two decision centers over one common and two individual noise-free bit pipes and when it communicates with them over a noisy broadcast channel (BC). The results are based on a coding and testing scheme that splits the observations into subblocks, so that transmitter and receivers can independently apply to each subblock either Gray-Wyner coordination coding with side-information or hybrid joint source-channel coding with side-information, followed by a Neyman-Pearson test over the subblocks at the receivers. This approach allows to avoid introducing further error exponents that one would expect from the receivers' decoding operations related to binning or the noisy transmission channel. The derived exponents are shown to be optimal in some special cases when communication is over noise-free links. The results reveal a tradeoff between the type-II error exponents at the two decision centers.
Potential therapeutic use of the selective dopamine D 1 receptor agonist, A-86929: An acute study in parkinsonian levodopa-primed monkeys (1997)

The clinical utility of dopamine (DA) D1 receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unclear. The therapeutic use of selective DA D1 receptor agonists such as SKF-82958 (6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzaze pine hydrobromide) and A-77636 ([1R, 3S] 3-[1'-admantyl]-1-aminomethyl-3,4-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1H-2-benzo pyran hydrochloride) seems limited because of their duration of action, which is too short for SKF-82958 (< 1 hr) and too long for A-77636 (> 20 hr, leading to behavioral tolerance). We therefore conducted the present acute dose-response study in four 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-exposed cynomolgus monkeys primed to exhibit levodopa-induced dyskinesias to evaluate the locomotor and dyskinetic effects on challenge with four doses (from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/kg) of A-86929 ([-]-[5aR,11bS]-4,5,5a,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2-propyl-3-thia-5-+ ++azacyclopent-1- ena[c]phenathrene-9-10-diol), a selective and full DA D1-like receptor agonist with an intermediate duration of action. Levodopa and the DA D2-like receptor agonist, LY-171555 ([4aR-trans]-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-o-dihydro-5n-propyl-2H-pyrazo lo-3-4-quinoline hydrochloride) were also used for comparison. Acute administration of A-86929 was as efficacious in alleviating MPTP-induced parkinsonism as levodopa and LY-171555, but was less likely to reproduce the levodopa-induced dyskinesias in these animals than with either LY-171555 or subsequent challenge of levodopa. Selective stimulation of the DA D1 receptor may provide better integration of neural inputs transmitted to the internal segment of the globus pallidus (referred to as the basal ganglia output) compared with levodopa and selective DA D2 receptor agonist. Potent DA D1 receptor agents with an intermediate duration of efficacy such as A-86929 (approximately 4 hr at higher doses tested) are potential therapeutic tools in PD and merit further attention.
Assembly of Partially Oxidized Tetrathiafulvalene in Layered Phosphates. Formation of Conducting Organic−Inorganic Hybrids by Intercalation (1997)

Intercalation and ion-exchange reactions have been used for the synthesis of novel inorganic−organic hybrid materials comprised of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) conducting chains interleaved with insulating zirconium phosphate layers. Two different synthetic strategies are described. In the first approach, we have attempted the oxidative insertion of neutral TTF into a Zr(PO4)(HPO4)2·2H2O host preexchanged with Cu2+. In the second method, surfactant or long-chain alcohols have been used to expand the layers of the host structure, allowing the intercalation of partially charged TTF molecules. This latter approach produced materials with metal-like conductivity that exceeds by a factor of 107 that of the precursors. These compounds have been characterized by vibrational, UV−vis, and EPR spectroscopies, and transport properties (conductivity and thermoelectrical power) have been measured as a function of the temperature from −150 to 50 °C. The properties observed show marked similarity with those displayed by mixed valence TTF halides and pseudohalides. The reactions occur topotactically, and the increase in interlayer distance is compatible with an orientation of TTF perpendicular, or nearly, to the host layers.
Digital Twin for Lyophilization by Process Modeling in Manufacturing of Biologics (2020)

Lyophilization stabilizes formulated biologics for storage, transport and application to patients. In process design and operation it is the link between downstream processing and with final formulation to fill and finish. Recent activities in Quality by Design (QbD) have resulted in approaches by regulatory authorities and the need to include Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools. An approach is outlined to validate a predictive physical-chemical (rigorous) lyophilization process model to act quantitatively as a digital twin in order to allow accelerated process design by modeling and to further-on develop autonomous process optimization and control towards real time release testing. Antibody manufacturing is chosen as a typical example for actual biologics needs. Literature is reviewed and the presented procedure is exemplified to quantitatively and consistently validate the physical-chemical process model with aid of an experimental statistical DOE (design of experiments) in pilot scale.
El desarrollo de la comprensión de la muerte en los niños (2012)

En la exploración científica de lo específicamente humano no se ha reconocido suficientemente a la muerte como un punto de trascendencia de lo natural o como zona de interfase entre la naturaleza y la cultura (Morin, 1970). De hecho, el tratamiento que los hombres hacen de la muerte parece ser tan característico de lo humano como el lenguaje y el uso de las herramientas materiales y simbólicas. Rituales, ceremonias y creencias son parte del entramado simbólico que humaniza un fenómeno que es, simultáneamente, natural y cultural. No todos los grupos humanos desarrollaron un lenguaje escrito; no parece, igualmente, ser propiedad exclusiva del Hombre la representación o el uso de signos; la inteligencia, entendida como resolución no instintiva de problemas, tampoco es infrecuente entre algunos animales. Sin embargo, no se conoce otra especie que dé cuenta de una creencia en alguna existencia post mortem. La muerte es un fenómeno observable para todas las culturas de todas las épocas (Ariès, 1975; Thomas, 1975). No hay grupo humano que no haya tematizado en religiones, mitos, leyendas o teorías explicativas, el fenómeno de la muerte.
Gastrointestinal side-effects of pelvic radiotherapy affecting the intestinal microbiota (2018)

Trabajo presentado en el 7th International Human Microbiome Congress, IHMC, celebrado en County Kerry (Irlanda) del 28 al 26 de junio de 2018
El deseo hecho papel: haz fanzines y no mires con quién (2021)

Las autoediciones han sido una herramienta para quienes han sentido que tenian algo que decir al margen de los canales establecidos. Desde que las tecnologias han permitido imprimir, reproducir y fotocopiar con dispositivos que, cada vez mas, estan al alcance de cualquiera, las publicaciones surgidas fuera, y que circulan al margen, de los canales habituales (editoriales, imprentas, librerias, bibliotecas) no han dejado de crecer. Puedes escribir un fanzine a mano y simplemente fotocopiarlo, graparlo y ya esta listo para distribuirlo. Ahora mismo los ordenadores permiten que cualquiera pueda escribir, maquetar e imprimir con gran facilidad. El gran momento de lo virtual, de la vida en la nube, de lo digital, es un periodo dorado para la autoedicion en papel. iY para la edicion en general! Nunca ha habido tantos sellos editoriales y tanta produccion de libros en papel. Pero eso es otra historia. Lo nuestro son los fanzines.

Lo que vamos a ver aqui son publicaciones hechas desde los margenes, creadas por personas que quieren comunicarse con gente afin pero que no tienen interes por convertirse en mainstring, en algo mayoritario.
ChemInform Abstract: Me3SiCl Accelerated Conjugated Addition of Stoichiometric Organocopper Reagents. (1987)

Abstract 3‐Methyl‐2‐cyclohexenone (II) reacts with the butylcopper derivatives (Ia) and (Ib) and the chlorosilanes (III) to produce the butylated silylenolethers (IV).
Determinants of hyperleptinaemia in an African population (2004)

The most important determinants for hyperleptinaemia in NW participants were gender, BMI, TC, while in addition to these LDL-C, was an important determinant of leptin concentration in OB individuals. In MO women, the high leptin concentrations did not reflect the amount of adipose stores.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Randomized Phase II Study of Physiologic MRI-Directed Adaptive Radiation Boost in Poor Prognosis Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;KM curves of average patient p16+ and p16- LRF outcomes. Plot for estimated incidence of loco-regional failure (LRF) with the median boost volume (6.9cc) and GTV primary (54.8cc) for: p16+ OPSCC (left panel) and LAHNSCC (right panel).&lt;/p&gt;
Control of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the rat spinal dorsal horn by the nucleoside transporter ENT1 (2003)

Adenosine modulates nociceptive processing in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In other tissues, membrane transporters influence profoundly the extracellular levels of adenosine. To investigate the putative role of nucleoside transporters in the regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn, we employed immunohistochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp recording of substantia gelatinosa neurons in slices of rat spinal cord in vitro. The rat equilibrative nucleoside transporter (rENT1) was revealed by antibody staining to be abundant in neonatal and mature dorsal horn, especially within laminae I-III. This was confirmed by immunoblots of dorsal horn homogenate. Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), a potent non-transportable inhibitor of rENT1, attenuated synaptically evoked EPSCs onto lamina II neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Application of an adenosine A1 antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine produced a parallel rightward shift in the NBMPR concentration-effect curve. The effects of NBMPR were partially reversed by adenosine deaminase, which facilitates the metabolic degradation of adenosine. The modulation by NBMPR of evoked EPSCs was mimicked by exogenous adenosine or the selective A1 receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl adenosine. NBMPR reduced the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous miniature EPSCs and increased the paired-pulse ratio of evoked currents, an effect that is consistent with presynaptic modulation. These data provide the first direct evidence that nucleoside transporters are able to critically modulate glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
Correlation of hypogammaglobulinaemia with proteinuria, and the relationship between hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection in active lupus nephritis (2017)

Objective To evaluate hypogammaglobulinaemia and risk of serious infectious adverse events in active lupus nephritis. Methods The Abatacept and Cyclophosphamide Combination Efficacy and Safety Study (ACCESS) compared abatacept with placebo in participants with lupus nephritis undergoing treatment with Euro-Lupus Nephritis low-dose cyclophosphamide. Serum IgG levels were assessed prior to initiation of treatment and throughout the trial. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was defined as IgG &lt;450 mg/dL. Results Hypogammaglobulinaemia was observed in 16/102 (15.7%) participants prior to initiation of induction therapy for active lupus nephritis. Participants with nephrotic range proteinuria were more likely to have hypogammaglobulinaemia, and serum IgG levels were inversely correlated with urine protein to creatinine ratio (r=−0.42, p&lt;0.0001). Following initiation of treatment for active lupus nephritis, additional participants developed hypogammaglobulinaemia by weeks 2–4. Serum IgG levels then increased, and all but one participant had serum IgG ≥450 mg/dL at 24 weeks. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was not associated with an increased risk of serious infectious adverse events. Conclusions In active lupus nephritis in ACCESS, hypogammaglobulinaemia was common and inversely correlated with proteinuria. Serum IgG levels were lowest in the weeks immediately following initiation of induction therapy, and subsequently improved by 24 weeks. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was not associated with serious infectious adverse events. Trial registration
Fast and improved bioimaging via temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy with binary digital-micromirror-device holography (2018)

Conventional temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) can offer widefield optical sectioning with an axial excitation confinement of a few microns. To improve the axial confinement of TFMPEM, a binary computer-generated Fourier hologram (CGFH) via a digital-micromirror-device (DMD) was implemented to intrinsically improve the axial confinement by filling the back-focal aperture of the objective lens. Experimental results show that the excitation focal volume can be condensed and the axial confinement improved about 24% according to the DMD holography. In addition, pseudouniform MPE can be achieved using two complementary CGFHs with rapid pulse-width modulation switching via the DMD. Furthermore, bioimaging of CV-1 in origin with SV40 genes-7 cells demonstrates that the TFMPEM with binary DMD holography can improve image quality by enhancing axial excitation confinement and rejecting out-of-focus excitation.
First-order finite element model for modeling of a continuous facesheet deformable mirror (2002)

A calibration procedure is described for improved modeling of a continuous facesheet deformable mirror. A resistive force of each actuator as it attempts to move to its commanded position is modeled as a linear spring force. A force associated with the resistance of the facesheet to bending is modeled as a moment that exerts a force on the actuators. The resultant first order finite element model is parameterized by a gain on each actuator channel and a ratio relating the average actuator spring constant and the facesheet bending moment coefficient. Example experimental results are presented indicating that modeling accuracy is improved by use of the first order finite element model.
Unit test code generator for lua programming language (2015)

Software testing is an important step in the software development lifecycle. One of the main process that take lots of time is developing the test code. We propose an automatic unit test code generation to speed up the process and helps avoiding repetition. We develop the unit test code generator using Lua programming language. Lua is a fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language. It has been used in many industrial applications with focuses on embedded systems and games. Unlike other popular scripting language like JavaScript, Python, and Ruby, Lua does not have any unit test generator developed to help its software testing process. The final product, Lua unit test generator (LUTG), integrated to one of the most popular Lua IDE, ZeroBrane Studio, as a plugin to seamlessly connect the coding and testing process. The code generator can generate unit test code, save test cases data on Lua and XML file format, and generate the test data automatically using search-based technique, genetic algorithm, to achieve full branch coverage test criteria. Using this generator to test several Lua source code files shows that the developed unit test generator can help the unit testing process. It was expected that the unit test generator can improve productivity, quality, consistency, and abstraction of unit testing process.
Spirochetes (1991)

Although dosing schedules are still being worked out, ceftriaxone has been shown to be effective in both primary and secondary syphilis. In our experience, ceftriaxone was the drug of choice for the treatment of Lyme disease.