gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum Lp-norm two-dimensional phase unwrapping (1996)

We develop an algorithm for the minimum Lp-norm solution to the two-dimensional phase unwrapping problem. Rather than its being a mathematically intractable problem, we show that the governing equations are equivalent to those that describe weighted least-squares phase unwrapping. The only exception is that the weights are data dependent. In addition, we show that the minimum Lp-norm solution is obtained by embedding the transform-based methods for unweighted and weighted least squares within a simple iterative structure. The data-dependent weights are generated within the algorithm and need not be supplied explicitly by the user. Interesting and useful solutions to many phase unwrapping problems can be obtained when p&lt; 2. Specifically, the minimum L0-norm solution requires the solution phase gradients to equal the input data phase gradients in as many places as possible. This concept provides an interesting link to branch-cut unwrapping methods, where none existed previously.
Induction of CYP3A4 by Vinblastine: Role of the Nuclear Receptor NR1I2 (2010)

Collectively, these findings suggest that vinblastine is able to induce CYP3A4, at least in part, via an NR1I2-dependent mechanism, and thus has the potential to facilitate its own elimination and cause interactions with other CYP3A4 substrates.
Evidence for the localisation of electronic charge in electrochemically reduced copper(I) complexes with electron deficient ligands: a structural and spectroelectrochemical study ‡ (1998)

The electrochemical and spectral properties of copper(I) complexes with binaphthyridine ligands, bn and tbn (where bn = 2,2′-1,8-binaphthyridine, tbn = 3,3′-trimethylene-2,2′-1,8-binaphthyridine), have been studied. The complexes are [Cu(bn)2]+ 1, [Cu(tbn)2]+ 2, [Cu(bn)(PPh3)2]+ 3 and [Cu(tbn)(PPh3)2]+ 4. Reduction of 1–3 results in the formation of radical anion species involving the ligands. Reduction of 4 results in decomposition. For 3– strong near infrared absorptions (1000 nm) are observed suggesting a bn˙– radical anion species, in which the redox MO extends across the entire ligand. For 2– absorptions at 750 nm suggest a redox MO which is much less extensive and localised on a single naphthyridine unit of the tbn ligand. Reduction of 1 is complicated by the presence of two closely lying reduction waves. Application of a reducing potential resulted in spectral features similar to those observed for 3–. However, further reduction showed spectral features similar to those of 2–. The crystal structure of 3·BF4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Silicon Straight Tube Fluid Density Sensor (2007)

In this paper, a micromachined silicon straight tube is tested as a fluid density sensor. In comparison with other density measurement techniques, the use of micromachined tubes require small sample volumes and allows continuous monitoring of the fluid density in microfluidic systems. Different vibration modes of the sensor were detected and calibrated using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Linearity, simplicity, the straightforward fabrication and evaluation, the low flow restriction and reduced risk of trapping gas in the sensor due the absence of corners are the design's main advantages. The ability of the sensor to measure density of multiphase fluids and provide accurate results independent of other fluid parameters, allows it to be used in varying fields such as the biomedical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries.
Full Blocking Mechanism of Polymer Gels for Water Control (2001)

Abstract The placement of polymer gels in water producing reservoir layers is one of the chemical options to reduce or totally shutoff water production. A correct determination of the optimum placement depth of the polymer gel treatment requires understanding of gel strength behavior when it is subjected to a pressure difference during production. This paper reports a study on the behavior of an organically crosslinked polymer system in porous media. The work includes experiments and a mathematical model. The experiments were performed using natural sandstone cores at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C. The gel strength was determined under different conditions (gel composition, permeability, temperature and treatment volume). Also the behavior of the gel before and after gel failure was studied. The data was successfully interpreted considering three main effects: (a) gel compressibility, (b) micro-flow through the porous gel and porous medium and (c) post-failure macroflow. The model takes into account the above three effects and is solved analytically to yield an expression of the evolution of the pressure, which is in excellent agreement with the experiments.
Energy Absorption Characteristics of Hybrid Braided Composite Tubes (1997)

Increasing demands for greater automotive fuel economy coupled with increased crashworthiness are forcing a move towards the use of tailored materials and structures. Among available composite structures, textile composite assemblies such as achieved through braiding present immense potential for the tailoring of structural response. This study is focused on the determination of the effect of braid related parameters on the progressive crush of composite tubes. Parameters studied include the type of fiber, braid yield, type of 2-D braid pattern and number of layers used. The use of hybrids is investigated and it is shown that the appropriate use of such constructions can lead to very efficient structures in progressive crush.
The reductive half-reaction in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney: studies with thiaoctanoyl-CoA and oxaoctanoyl-CoA analogues (1988)

Thia- and oxaoctanoyl-CoA derivatives (substituted at the C-3 and C-4 positions) have been synthesized to prove the reductive half-reaction in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney. 3-Thiaoctanoyl-CoA binds to this flavoenzyme, forming an intense, stable, long-wavelength band (at 804 nm; extinction coefficient = 8.7 mM-1 cm-1 at pH 7.6). The intensity of this band increases about 20% from pH 6.0 to pH 8.8. This long-wavelength species probably represents a charge-transfer complex between bound acyl enolate as the donor and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide as the acceptor. Thus, the enzyme catalyzes alpha-proton exchange, and no long-wavelength bands are seen with 3-thiaoctyl-CoA (where the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a methylene group). 3-Oxaoctanoyl-CoA binds comparatively weakly to the dehydrogenase, with a long-wavelength band at 780 nm which is both less intense and less stable than the corresponding thia analogue. These data suggest that the enzyme can accomplish alpha-proton abstraction from certain weakly acidic acyl-CoA derivatives, without concerted transfer of a hydride equivalent to the flavin. 4-Thiaoctanoyl-CoA is dehydrogenated in the standard assay 1.5-fold faster than octanoyl-CoA. Titrations of the medium-chain dehydrogenase with the 4-thia derivative resemble those obtained with octanoyl-CoA, except for the contribution of the strongly absorbing 4-thia-trans-2-octenoyl-CoA product. The corresponding 4-oxa analogue is a much poorer substrate (10% of the rate shown by octanoyl-CoA) but again effects substantially complete reduction of the flavin chromophore in the dehydrogenase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transferrin protein and iron uptake by cultured hepatocytes (1982)

The binding and uptake of 59Fe-loaded 3H-labelled rat transferrin by cultured rat hepatocytes was investigated. At 4 degrees C, there is no evidence for a specific binding of transferrin which could be related to the association of neo-synthesized transferrin with plasma membrane receptors. At 37 degrees C, iron uptake is much more important than transferrin uptake; it proceeds linearly over the time of incubation, is largely proportional to the extracellular transferrin concentration, and is compatible with uptake by fluid phase endocytosis. The difference observed between iron and transferrin uptake implies the existence of a mechanism allowing the reutilization of transferrin after iron delivery.
Specific Determination of PAH and Its N-Acetyl Metabolite by HPLC Increases the Accuracy and Precision of PAH Clearance Measurements (1998)

PAH (N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-glycin) clearance measurements have been used for 50 years in clinical research for the determination of renal plasma flow. The quantitation of PAH in plasma or urine is generally performed by colorimetric method after diazotation reaction. Although straightforward, the measurements must be corrected for the nonspecific residual response observed in blank plasma. We have therefore developed an HPLC method for the specific determination of PAH and its metabolite NAc-PAH using a gradient elution ion-pair reverse-phase chromatography with UV detection. The Nacetyltransferase (NAT-1 or NAT-2 dependent) activity does not seem clinically relevant nor does it affect notably PAH clearances, although NAc-PAH represents 10.2 +/- 2.7% of the PAH excreted unchanged in 12 healthy subjects. The performance of the HPLC technique has been compared with the colorimetric method using urine and plasma samples collected from 12 healthy volunteers following a priming dose of PAH followed by a constant rate infusion. Good correlations (r = 0.94 and 0.97, for plasma and urine respectively) are found between the results obtained with both techniques. However, the colorimetric method gives higher concentrations of PAH in urine while the concentrations in plasma are lower than those determined by HPLC. Hence, both renal (CLR = U x V/P) and systemic (CLS = Rinf/Css) clearances are systematically higher (35.1%, resp. 17.8%) with the colorimetric method. The fraction of PAH excreted by the kidney CLR/CLS calculated from HPLC data (n = 143) is, as expected, always < 1 (mean = 0.73 +/- 0.11), whereas the colorimetric method gives a mean extraction ratio of 0.87 +/- 0.13 implying unphysio-logical values (> 1) in some cases. In conclusion HPLC not only enables the simultaneous quantitation of PAH and NAc-PAH, but may also provide more accurate and precise PAH clearance measurements.
Preoperative Hearing Aid Evaluations for Cochlear Implant Patients: A Preliminary Report Using a Minimal Auditory Capabilities Battery (1983)

Two profoundly deaf patients were evaluated using the Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) battery of speech discrimination tests. One patient was a multiple-channel cochlear implant patient (MC1) using a wearable speech-processor, the other a prospective cochlear implant patient using a hearing aid (HA). Results from the MAC battery showed that MC1 received significantly more auditory information via the speech-processor than was provided by the hearing aid to HA. These results indicated that the cochlear implant could be a suitable alternative for HA. However, the results indicated that HA gained some minimal benefit from the hearing aid and these results should be taken into consideration when deciding which ear should be implanted.
On the Feasibility of Using Wireless Ethernet for Indoor Localization (2004)

IEEE802.11b wireless Ethernet isbu19803 the standard for indoor wireless communication. This paper proposes the use of measured signal strength of Ethernet packets as a sensor for a localization system. We demonstrate that off-the-shelf hardware can accuratelyb used for location sensing and real-time trackingb applying a Bayesian localization framework.
Asymmetric synthesis of calyculin A. 2. The C26-C37 .gamma.-amino acid fragments (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of calyculin A. 2. The C26-C37 .gamma.-amino acid fragmentsDavid A. Evans, James R. Gage, James L. Leighton, and Annette S. KimCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 1961–1963Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00033a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1076Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bessel beams: Diffraction in a new light (2004)

Diffraction is a cornerstone of optical physics and has implications for the design of all optical systems. The paper discusses the so-called 'non-diffracting' light field, commonly known as the Bessel beam. Approximations to such beams can be experimentally realized using a range of different means. The theoretical foundation of these beams is described and then various experiments that make use of Bessel beams are discussed: these cover a wide range of fields including non-linear optics, where the intense central core of the Bessel beam has attracted interest; short pulse non-diffracting fields; atom optics, where the narrow non-diffracting features of the Bessel beam are able to act as atomic guides and atomic confinement devices and optical manipulation, where the reconstruction properties of the beam enable new effects to be observed that cannot be seen with Gaussian beams. The intensity profile of the Bessel beam may offer routes to investigating statistical physics as well as new techniques for the optical sorting of particles.
Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of skull base chordoma (2016)

Skull base chordoma is a primary rare malignant bone-origin tumor showing relatively slow growth pattern and locally destructive lesions, which can only be characterized by histologic components. There is no available prognostic or therapeutic biomarker to predict clinical outcome or treatment response and the molecular mechanisms underlying chordoma development still remain unexplored. Therefore, we sought out to identify novel somatic variations that are associated with chordoma progression and potentially employed as therapeutic targets. Thirteen skull base chordomas were subjected for whole-exome and/or whole-transcriptome sequencing. In process, we have identified chromosomal aberration in 1p, 7, 10, 13 and 17q, high frequency of functional germline SNP of the T gene, rs2305089 (P = 0.0038) and several recurrent alterations including MUC4, NBPF1, NPIPB15 mutations and novel gene fusion of SAMD5-SASH1 for the first time in skull base chordoma.
A numerical‐experimental method to characterize the non‐linear mechanical behaviour of human skin (2003)

The resulting finite element model demonstrated its ability to describe the response of the skin to suction at various pressures. In the future, this method can be used to characterize the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers using various aperture sizes and to characterize the skin behaviour under various loading conditions.
A co když je to světec?: Massingerův Římský herec jakokrypto-Genesius (2011)

Studie věnovana barokni tragedii jakubovskeho dramatika Philipa
Massingera Řimský herec (The Roman Actor, 1626) a jeji vazbě na
hru Lopeho de Vegy Lo fingido verdadero (1605).
Activation of Amygdala CholecystokininBReceptors Potentiates the Acoustic Startle Response in the Rat (1997)

The acoustic startle reflex is a sensitive index of "anxiety" and "fear." Potentiation of startle by conditioned and unconditioned fear stimuli appears to be mediated by the amygdala. CholecystokininB (CCKB) agonists increase "anxiety" in laboratory animals and induce "panic" in humans. Here, we investigate the role CCKB receptor-mediated mechanisms in the amygdala in the potentiation of startle. First, intra-amygdala infusions of the CCKB receptor agonist pentagastrin (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM) produced a dose-related potentiation of acoustic startle responses. At the highest dose, startle amplitudes were increased up to 90% above preinfusion baseline levels. Second, similar infusions of pentagastrin had no effect on locomotor activity over the same time course, showing that increases in startle responsivity after infusions of pentagastrin are not attributable to nonspecific changes in motor activity. Third, infusions of similar doses of pentagastrin into the striatum or nucleus accumbens did not potentiate startle responses. Fourth, pretreatment with the CCKB receptor antagonist L-365,260 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the potentiation of startle produced by intra-amygdala infusions of pentagastrin. Finally, intra-amygdala infusion of the CCKB receptor-selective antagonist PD-135158 (10 micro;g) blocked the potentiation of startle produced by i.c.v. infusions of pentagastrin, suggesting that i.c.v. infusions of pentagastrin potentiate startle responses via activation of amygdala CCKB receptors. These results show that amygdala CCKB receptor-mediated mechanisms are involved in the potentiation of acoustic startle responses.
Nanobiotechnology (2006)

Nanobiotechnology is a novel field of science, currently emerging at the intersection of materials research, nanosciences, and molecular biotechnology. This highly interdisciplinary field is closely associated to both the physical and chemical properties of organic and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as to the various aspects of molecular cloning, recombinant DNA and protein technology, and immunology. Evolutionary optimized biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and supramolecular complexes thereof, are utilized in the fabrication of nanostructured and mesoscopic architecture from organic and inorganic nanoparticles and vice versa; technical nanometer-scaled devices are used to exploit structure and reactivity of biological systems. This chapter, in particular, is focused on a key issue of nanobiotechnology, concerning the utilization of biomolecules to functionalize inorganic nanoparticles.
Expression of Constitutively Active α-PAK Reveals Effects of the Kinase on Actin and Focal Complexes (1997)

The family of p21-activated protein kinases (PAKs) appear to be present in all organisms that have Cdc42-like GTPases. In mammalian cells, PAKs have been implicated in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, but there are no reported effects of these kinases on the cytoskeleton. Recently we have shown that a Drosophila PAK is enriched in the leading edge of embryonic epithelial cells undergoing dorsal closure (N. Harden, J. Lee, H.-Y. Loh, Y.-M. Ong, I. Tan, T. Leung, E. Manser, and L. Lim, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1896-1908, 1996), where it colocalizes with structures resembling focal complexes. We show here by transfection that in epithelial HeLa cells alpha-PAK is recruited from the cytoplasm to distinct focal complexes by both Cdc42(G12V) and Rac1(G12V), which themselves colocalize to these sites. By deletion analysis, the N terminus of PAK is shown to contain targeting sequences for focal adhesions which indicate that these complexes are the site of kinase function in vivo. Cdc42 and Rac1 cause alpha-PAK autophosphorylation and kinase activation. Mapping alpha-PAK autophosphorylation sites has allowed generation of a constitutively active kinase mutant. By fusing regions of Cdc42 to the C terminus of PAK, activated chimeras were also obtained. Plasmids encoding these different constitutively active alpha-PAKs caused loss of stress fibers when introduced into both HeLa cells and fibroblasts, which was similar to the effect of introducing Cdc42(G12V) or Rac1(G12V). Significantly dramatic losses of focal adhesions were also observed. These combined effects resulted in retraction of the cell periphery after plasmid microinjection. These data support our previous suggestions of a role for PAK downstream of both Cdc42 and Rac1 and indicate that PAK functions include the dissolution of stress fibers and reorganization of focal complexes.
Changes of facial wrinkles by aging, sunlight exposure and application of cosmetics. (1993)

We measured changes in facial wrinkles and skin texture by aging, sunlight exposure and applicaion of cosmetics.With a replica photographing system and image analysis, we measured wrinkles for parameters of depth and the ratio of wrinkled area (RWA: showing amount of wrinkles). As for skin texture, we measured depth and distance of furrows, ratio of furrow depth (RFD: showing amount of skin texture) and anisotropy.As a result of measuring changes in wrinkles due to aging, it was found that the process of wrinkle formation was classified roughly into 2 stages. In the initial stage of wrinkles, RWA incseased greatly in the 30s, due to many fine wrinkles 0.15mm or less in depth. Then, the second stage showed the acceleration in the increase of wrinkle depth which seemed to be caused by a vicious circle in solar elastosis. It was also observed that, compared to the office workers, the outdoor workers showed higher values of RWA in the initial stage and of wrinkle depth in the second stage.The result of measuring changes of textures revealed that the amount of furrows decreased with aging and morphology after 60s differed from that of natural furrows and resembled to the morphology observed in the initial stage of wrinkles. As for the influence of sunlight exposure, the furrows in the outdoor workers of 30s and 40s became more indistinct in comparison to those of the office workers.Then, as a result of examining changes in wrinkles by the continuous application of moisturizing lotion and eye cream, relatively small wrinkles below 0.15mm depth decreased in both cases probably due to increase in hydration in the stratum corneum. We thought this effect reduced the degree of vicious circle in solor elastosis and delayed the appearances of deep wrinkles. From these results, it was thought that skin care around the age of 30s, when small wrinkles started to increase, was extremely important to control wrinkle appeararances.
Analysis of the Chicken GPAT/AIRC Bidirectional Promoter for de Novo Purine Nucleotide Synthesis (1995)

GPAT and AIRC encode two enzymes that catalyze steps 1 and 6 plus 7, respectively, of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. The chicken genes are closely linked and divergently transcribed from an approximately 230-base pair intergenic region. The promoter was scanned by deletion mutagenesis in a bireporter vector that allowed assay of transcriptional activity in both directions in transfected HepG2 and chicken LMH cells. Three classes of deletions were obtained: those affecting bidirectional transcription, those predominantly affecting GPAT transcription, and those predominantly affecting AIRC transcription. Defects in bidirectional transcription resulted from removal of an initiator-like element overlapping the AIRC transcription start site, as well as deletions removing a series of GC and CCAAT boxes from the AIRC proximal half of the promoter and a CCAAT-containing segment from the GPAT side. Several regions in the GPAT proximal half of the promoter, including an octamer-like motif downstream from the transcription start site, were required predominantly for GPAT expression. Evidence for interaction of HeLa nuclear proteins with some of these sites was obtained by gel retardation, DNase I, and methylation interference assays. Overall, the results showed that the intergenic region is an integrated bidirectional promoter and that a novel initiator-like element plays a central role in coordinating expression of the divergently transcribed AIRC and GPAT genes.