gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of coal agglomerates using a water-in-oil emulsion (2013)

The conventional oil agglomeration process utilises an immiscible organic liquid, such as diesel, to agglomerate coal in an aqueous suspension of coal and mineral particles. With the application of agitation, the organic liquid selectively wets the surface of the coal and subsequently binds the coal particles together to form agglomerates. During this process, the mineral matter remains finely dispersed and hence the coal agglomerates can be retrieved by passing the material over a screen. This process achieves high quality beneficiation of the fine coal, and very effective dewatering of the product. While this is a remarkably effective process the technology has not been adopted because of the very poor economics, due to the high cost of the oil. In this work an alternative immiscible binding agent consisting of a high internal phase (HIP) water-in-oil emulsion was used. This binding agent provides the interfacial functionality of the oil, with the space filling functionality provided by the stabilised water drops of the emulsion. Thus far, the HIP emulsion has successfully agglomerated fine coal in an aqueous suspension and, in addition, has done so at a lower oil requirement than when pure diesel oil was used. A two-to-three fold reduction in organic liquid consumption was achieved when the HIP emulsion was used in the place of pure diesel oil. Further reductions in the organic liquid consumption are anticipated in the future if improved methods of preparing the emulsion are realised.
Fine structure of excitons and e-h pairs in GaAs/AlAs superlattices at the X-Γ crossover (2001)

Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and level anticrossing spectroscopy were applied to study g-factors and exchange splittings of localized excitons and separately localized electrons and holes at the Xz-Γ crossover of the conduction band states in a GaAs/AlAs superlattice with a composition gradient. g-factors, exchange splittings and the order of the exciton radiative levels were determined. In the transition region we clearly observed the disappearance of type II excitons created by the Xz electron in AlAs and a heavy hole in GaAs layers. Appearance of type I excitons with an order of magnitude larger exchange was verified by LAC spectroscopy. Intermediate `type II-like' and `type I-like' excitons were found in the transition region by ODMR and LAC with different exchange splittings and luminescence decay times. Besides ODMR of excitons with a definite value of exchange splitting, ODMR ascribed to separately localized electrons and holes with a distribution of exchange splittings was detected.
Accumulation of99Tcm-Gluconate in Daunorubicin-Treated Neonatal Heart Cells in Culture (1985)

The cardiotoxic effect of daunorubicin was investigated using cultured heart cells from neonatal rat hearts. Exposure of the cells to low but toxic concentrations of daunorubicin led to drastically altered permeability properties of the plasma membrane as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase. Simultaneously, 99Tcm-gluconate, an isotope complex used in scintigraphic imaging of myocardial infarcts, was accumulated in the cells. The results suggest that daunorubicin-induced cardiac damage may be estimated by isotope uptake.
In vivo protein-DNA interactions at the c-jun promoter: preformed complexes mediate the UV response. (1993)

Irradiation of cells with UV light triggers a genetic response, called the UV response, which results in induction of a set of genes containing AP-1-binding sites. The c-jun gene itself, which codes for AP-1-binding activity, is strongly (> 100-fold) and rapidly activated by UV. The UV induction of c-jun is mediated by two UV response elements consisting of AP-1-like sequences within its 5' control region. We have analyzed protein-DNA interactions in vivo at the c-jun promoter in noninduced and UV-irradiated HeLa cells. In vivo footprint analysis was performed by using dimethyl sulfate on intact cells and DNase I on lysolecithihin-permeabilized cells in conjunction with ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction to cover about 450 bp of the c-jun promoter, including the transcription start sites. We find that this region does not contain methylated cytosines and is thus a typical CpG island. In uninduced cells, in vivo protein-DNA interactions were localized to an AP-1-like sequence (nucleotides [nt] -71 to -64), a CCAAT box element (nt -91 to -87), two SP1 sequences (nt -115 to -110 and -123 to -118), a nuclear factor jun site (nt -140 to -132), and a second AP-1-like sequence (nt -190 to -183). These results indicate that complex protein-DNA interactions exist at the c-jun promoter prior to induction by an external stimulus. Surprisingly, after stimulation of c-jun expression by UV irradiation, all in vivo protein-DNA contacts remained essentially unchanged, including the two UV response elements located at the AP-1-like sequences. The UV-induced signalling cascade leads to phosphorylation of c-Jun on serines 63 and 73 (Y. Devary, R.A. Gottlieb, T. Smeal, and M. Karin, Cell 71:1081-1091, 1992). Taken together, these data suggest that modification of the transactivating domain of DNA-bound c-Jun or a closely related factor may trigger the rapid induction of the c-jun gene.
Cookbook as National Restorative (2022)

Scholars credit Robert May and William Rabisha with a central role in the development of seventeenth-century English courtly cuisine. Focusing on a recipe common to both of them—the ‘bisque’ or ‘bisk’—I argue that in the hands of these authors, this ‘grand boyled meat’ ushered in a new approach to English cuisine. Working within the framework of Restoration hospitality, Rabisha and May attempt to transform society by harmonizing foreign influences in order to expand the culinary, religious, and political boundaries of Englishness. The bisk symbolizes a table at which all England shares in a national commensality, even as aspects of that commensality remain fiercely debated.
Genistein, a natural product derived from soybeans, ameliorates polyglutamine‐mediated motor neuron disease (2013)

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited motor neuron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The pathologic features of SBMA are motor neuron loss in the spinal cord and brainstem, and diffuse nuclear accumulation and nuclear inclusions of mutant AR in residual motor neurons and certain visceral organs. AR-associated coregulator 70 (ARA70) was the first coregulator of AR to be identified, and it has been shown to interact with AR and increase its protein stability. Here, we report that genistein, an isoflavone found in soy, disrupts the interaction between AR and ARA70 and promotes the degradation of mutant AR in neuronal cells and transgenic mouse models of SBMA. We also demonstrate that dietary genistein ameliorates behavioral abnormalities, improves spinal cord and muscle pathology, and decreases the amounts of monomeric AR and high-molecular-weight mutant AR protein aggregates in SBMA transgenic mice. Thus, genistein treatment may be a potential therapeutic approach for alleviating the symptoms of SBMA by disrupting the interactions between AR and ARA70.
Terminology for Membranes and Membrane Processes (2016)

This project has involved assembling a basic set of terms applicable to non-living membranes and membrane processes. The terms include the key vocabulary used in the literature concerned with scientific, technical and commercial aspects of the membrane field. Processes and membranes based on synthetic or modified natural polymers as well as ceramic and metallic membranes are covered. The resultant terms and their definitions represent a core set that will allow uniform understanding and eliminate most ambiguity or confusion caused by conflicting terminology now in use. The terms and definitions selected for inclusion reflect the majority preference of the membrane community. To avoid irreconcilable differences, definitions and descriptions involving interpretations of phenomena were minimized. Some terms were deleted in cases where majority preferences were not apparent. This strategy was adopted with the understanding that the current core group of terms, which enjoy majority support, can be augmented as evolution of the field occurs.
The benefit of adding Sodium Nitroprusside (NPNa) or S-nitrosoglutathion (GSNO) to the University of Wisconsin Solution (UW) to prevent morphological alterations during cold preservation/reperfusion of rat livers (2003)

Cold liver preservation in the University of Wisconsin solution (UW) followed by reperfusion alters hepatic parenchyma and extra cellular matrix. In this study we analyzed the benefit of adding either 500 microM Sodium Nitroprusside (NPNa) or 100 microM S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as Nitric Oxide (NO) donors to the UW solution to prevent hepatic injury. Wistar adult rat livers were stored in UW solution (0 degrees C) for 48Hs and reperfused (60 minutes) in the isolated perfused rat liver model (IPRL). Untreated livers were used as normal controls. Livers perfused but not preserved were used as controls of reperfusion. Parenchyma damages were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin stain. Picrosirius Red and Gordon-Sweets stains were used for collagen and reticulin networks, respectively. An inmunohistochemistry assay for albumin was used as functional test. Cold preservation step was followed by swollen hepatocytes with "light empty halos" surrounding the nucleus, conserved hepatocyte cords and many rounded endothelial cells. The addition of NPNa or GSNO into UW solution, avoid these alterations. Livers preserved for 48 Hs and then reperfused showed extended areas of vacuolation around central veins, and many endothelial cells were rounded and located inside sinusoidal lumens. The collagen network was disorganized while the reticulin one was less altered. Albumin was distributed preferentially in pericentral areas. On the contrary, livers preserved in presence of NPNa or GSNO did not show vacuolation and both collagen and reticulin networks were unchanged. Albumin was more homogeneously distributed in both groups. In conclusion, the addition of 500 microM NPNa or 100 microM GSNO as a NO donor, improves UW solution properties to preserve rat livers by maintaining the hepatic morphology and avoiding hepatic injury post-cold preservation/reperfusion.
Gaseous Ion Recombination Rates. IV (1967)

The rates of the bimolecular and termolecular neutralization reactions of gaseous ions generated from the thallium and lead halides have been measured. The absolute values of the termolecular rate constants are generally consistent with Thomson's theory of ion recombination, although the experimental temperature dependence of the rate constant is somewhat greater than the theory predicts. The bimolecular rate constants are consistent with what is known about the energetics and masses of the systems. A mass spectrometric examination of gaseous ion-neutral complex formation is presented.
Fuzzy PID Based Trajectory Tracking Control of Mobile Robot and its Simulation in Simulink (2014)

The precise control of mobile robot is an important issue in robotics field. In this paper, the motion model of mobile robot is established by mechanism analysis. Then, a fuzzy PID controller is designed for trajectory tracking of mobile robot. The controller consists of a PID controller and a fuzzy inference unit with two inputs and three outputs to tune the parameters of PID controller according to the error and error rate. Finally, the model of a four-wheel mobile robot, fuzzy PID and traditional PID controller are all simulated in Simulink. Simulation experiments are reached in different conditions. The result shows that the mobile robot with the fuzzy PID controller can track the desired trail by about 3 seconds in advance and the overshoot of the system will decrease by 40 percent, comparing to the mobile robot with the traditional PID controller. The advantages of fuzzy PID controller for trajectory tracking control of mobile robot are major in its rapidity, stability, anti-interference and tracking precision.
Resource Allocation Methods Considering Residual Link Bandwidth for Service Function Chaining Design (2017)

Service chaining composed of several different virtual network functions (VNFs) constitutes a use case of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). In a conventional method, the optimal allocation of VNFs and logical paths was resolved by using integer linear programming. However, because the approach did not consider that the required resources of each service differ, the residual resources of the links or physical machines were dispersed as the number of allocated services increased. Therefore, the method did not efficiently allocate resources to services requiring many resources. In this paper, in order to accommodate such services, we propose novel resource allocation methods that consider the residual link bandwidth. We evaluated the performance of the proposed methods through a simulation. The results show that our methods can allocate resources to services requiring many resources more efficiently than can conventional methods.
Ignition Delay and Soot Oxidative Reactivity of MTBE Blended Diesel Fuel (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was added to diesel fuel to investigate the effect on ignition delay and soot oxidative reactivity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An ignition quality tester (IQT) was used to study the ignition propensity of MTBE blended diesel fuels in a reactive spray environment. The IQT data showed that ignition delay increases linearly as the MTBE fraction increases in the fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine was used to generate soot samples for a soot oxidation study. Soot samples were pre-treated using a tube furnace in a nitrogen environment to remove any soluble organic fractions and moisture content. Non-isothermal oxidation of soot samples was conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It was observed that oxidation of ‘MTBE soot’ started began at a lower temperature and had higher reaction rate than ‘diesel soot’ across a range of temperatures. Several kinetic analyses including an isoconversional method and a combined model fitting method were carried out to evaluate kinetic parameters.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results showed that Diesel and MTBE soot samples had similar activation energy but the pre-exponential factor of MTBE soot was much higher than that of the Diesel soot. This may explain why MTBE soot was more reactive than Diesel soot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is suggested that adding MTBE to diesel fuel is better for DPF regeneration since an MTBE blend can significantly influence the ignition characteristics and, consequently, the oxidative reactivity of soot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Pediatric ectopic esthesioneuroblastoma: A case report and literature review (2020)

Pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare entity with only one previous report of an ectopic origin. Much of the research available regarding ENB is in the adult literature, with few studies focusing on the pediatric population. Here we report a case of ectopic pediatric ENB and review the literature regarding this unusual clinical entity. Case report (n = 1) describing presentation, operative findings, and clinical course followed by a literature review of ENB with a special focus on pediatric cases, including ectopic origins. A 13-year-old boy presented with a unilateral nasal polyp without history of epistaxis. The patient underwent endoscopic resection with pathology revealing ENB. There was no tumor at the olfactory groove and was found to arise from the lateral nasal wall. The patient had postoperative proton beam therapy and no evidence of disease at his six-month follow up. Pediatric ENB is rare and often presents at a much more advanced stage than adult ENB. Due to the paucity of cases, its management follows that of conventional ENB including multimodality therapy with surgery and radiotherapy. Recurrences have been reported beyond five years, requiring long term follow up. Pediatric ectopic ENB is a rare clinical entity that requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Multimodality therapy with surgery and radiotherapy is the standard of care, and patients should be counseled on long term follow up.
Accessing Expanded Molecular Diversity through Engineered Biosynthesis of Natural Products (2006)

This chapter outlines the basic organizational logic underpinning several of the most important and best-understood biosynthetic processes responsible for bioactive natural products. It considers how an understanding of the biochemistry and genetics involved in these processes has led to initial success and also revealed future possibilities in combinatorial biosynthesis. The chapter discusses the engineering of the biosynthetic machinery that produces polyketides (PK) and the nonribosomal peptides. It focuses on opportunities for creating PK structural diversity through biosynthesis and chemobiosynthesis. All PKs are united by a basic structural pattern originating from two-carbon units containing alternating oxygenated and unoxygenated carbons. Researchers have begun to take advantage of the emerging understanding of how the polyketide synthases (PKS) are organized and operate in order to engineer increased chemical diversity into PK structures. The logic and hierarchy of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis is highly complementary to that of the PKS system.
Expression of Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase/Ganciclovir by RNA Trans-Splicing Induces Selective Killing of HIV-Producing Cells (2017)

Antiviral strategies targeting hijacked cellular processes are less easily evaded by the virus than viral targets. If selective for viral functions, they can have a high therapeutic index. We used RNA trans-splicing to deliver the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) cell suicide system into HIV-producing cells. Using an extensive in silico bioinformatics and RNA structural analysis approach, ten HIV RNA trans-splicing constructs were designed targeting eight different HIV splice donor or acceptor sites and were tested in cells expressing HIV. Trans-spliced mRNAs were identified in HIV-expressing cells using qRT-PCR with successful detection of fusion RNA transcripts between HIV RNA and the HSV-tk RNA transcripts from six of ten candidate RNA trans-splicing constructs. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing confirmed RNA trans-splicing junctions. Measuring cell viability in the presence or absence of GCV expression of HSV-tk by RNA trans-splicing led to selective killing of HIV-producing cells using either 3' exon replacement or 5' exon replacement in the presence of GCV. Five constructs targeting four HIV splice donor and acceptor sites, D4, A5, A7, and A8, involved in regulating the generation of multiple HIV RNA transcripts proved to be effective for trans-splicing mediated selective killing of HIV-infected cells, within which individual constructs targeting D4 and A8 were the most efficient.
Male Vocal Quality and Its Relation to Females’ Preferences (2019)

In both correlational and experimental settings, studies on women's vocal preferences have reported negative relationships between perceived attractiveness and men's vocal pitch, emphasizing the idea of an adaptive preference. However, such consensus on vocal attractiveness has been mostly conducted with native English speakers, but a few evidence suggest that it may be culture-dependent. Moreover, other overlooked acoustic components of vocal quality, such as intonation, perceived breathiness and roughness, may influence vocal attractiveness. In this context, the present study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating vocal attractiveness in an underrepresented language (i.e., French) as well as shedding light on its relationship with understudied acoustic components of vocal quality. More specifically, we investigated the relationships between attractiveness ratings as assessed by female raters and male voice pitch, its variation, the formants' dispersion and position, and the harmonics-to-noise and jitter ratios. Results show that women were significantly more attracted to lower vocal pitch and higher intonation patterns. However, they did not show any directional preferences for all the other acoustic features. We discuss our results in light of the adaptive functions of vocal preferences in a mate choice context.
Metabolic response of intestinal microbiota to guar gum consumption (2023)

Guar gum is metabolized by intestinal microbiota, and, upon continuous consumption, induces a selective adaptation of microbial taxonomy and function. These data highlight the potential interest of guar gum for novel prebiotic ingredient formulation.
Electronics Engineers—Correlation between Scores toward B.Sc. and the Professional Work Level* (2000)

This article deals with the outcomes of an engineering curriculum. The article describes a researchwhere the efficiency of the curriculum for communication engineers was examined by testing therate of success at work and the correlation coefficients between the accumulated average score atthe end of the B. Sc. studies (sometimes called GPA–Grade Point Average) and success at work.The correlation between academic achievements and the level of professionality could imply thatcurricular changes are required and that teaching methods can be improved, as well as the scoringand evaluation methods.
Phase I study of oral clofarabine consolidation in adults aged 60 and older with acute myeloid leukemia (2014)

Clofarabine has shown activity and tolerability in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigated the safety and tolerability of an oral formulation of clofarabine for consolidation therapy of patients aged 60 and older with AML. In this phase I study, twenty-two patients older than 60 years with AML in first complete remission were treated once daily with oral clofarabine for 14 or 21 days of a 28-day cycle, for up to five cycles. Dose escalation from 1 mg to 6 mg daily using a 3 + 3 design was used to determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and tolerability of oral clofarabine. No DLTs or Grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicities were observed. The primary toxicities were hematologic, including uncomplicated grade 3-4 neutropenia (50%) and thrombocytopenia (50%). Given that myelosuppression necessitating dose delays/reductions was observed more commonly at higher doses, the recommended phase II dose is 2 mg daily for 21 of 28 days. At doses equal to or greater than 2 mg, the median relapse-free survival was 28.35 months. Oral clofarabine was well-tolerated with encouraging activity in patients older than 60 years. Further investigation of oral clofarabine as a consolidation and/or maintenance therapy in AML for older individuals is warranted. (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00727766).
Book Review: The Neurobiology of Pain: Developmental Aspects (2001)

Invasive procedures that would be painful in children and adults are frequently performed on infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. This article discusses sensory responses to these procedures in the immature nervous system and highlights the fact that, in addition to causing distress and delayed recovery, pain in infancy is also a developmental issue. First, the immaturity of sensory processing within the newborn spinal cord leads to lower thresholds for excitation and sensitization, therefore potentially maximizing the central effects of these tissue-damaging inputs. Second, the plasticity of both peripheral and central sensory connections in the neonatal period means that early damage in infancy can lead to prolonged structural and functional alterations in pain pathways that can last into adult life.