gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test Predicts Southeastern U.S. Corn Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rates (2007)

An accurate and quick soil N test is needed for N fertilizer recommendations for corn ( Zea mays L.) for the humid southeastern USA. The Illinois soil N test (ISNT) has been used to distinguish fertilizer‐responsive from unresponsive sites in Illinois. We determined relationships between economic optimum N rates (EONR) and ISNT levels in representative southeastern soils in 35 N‐response trials in the Piedmont ( n = 4) and Middle ( n = 8) and Lower ( n = 23) Coastal Plains of North Carolina from 2001 to 2004. The ISNT was strongly correlated with EONR for well or poorly drained sites ( r 2 = 0.87 [ n = 20] and 0.78 [ n = 10], respectively); data were insufficient for establishing correlations for very poorly drained or severely drought‐stressed sites. Expressing ISNT on a mass per unit volume basis vs. EONR improved the correlations slightly ( r 2 = 0.88 and 0.79 for well and poorly drained sites, respectively), but these improvements would not justify the necessary soil bulk density determinations. Regressions of ISNT vs. minimum, average, and maximum EONR based on different N‐fertilizer cost /corn price ratios (11.4:1, 7.6:1, and 5:1, respectively) showed strong correlations with EONR for well‐drained sites ( r 2 = 0.77, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively) and poorly drained sites ( r 2 = 0.84, 0.78, 0.70, respectively). The ISNT–EONR correlations were different among the cost/price ratios for well‐drained sites, but not different for poorly drained sites. Because ISNT predicted EONR robustly to different cost/price ratios, ISNT has the potential to modify or replace current N recommendation methods for corn.
Learning a Part-Based Pedestrian Detector in a Virtual World (2014)

Detecting pedestrians with on-board vision systems is of paramount interest for assisting drivers to prevent vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents. The core of a pedestrian detector is its classification module, which aims at deciding if a given image window contains a pedestrian. Given the difficulty of this task, many classifiers have been proposed during the last 15 years. Among them, the so-called (deformable) part-based classifiers, including multiview modeling, are usually top ranked in accuracy. Training such classifiers is not trivial since a proper aspect clustering and spatial part alignment of the pedestrian training samples are crucial for obtaining an accurate classifier. In this paper, we first perform automatic aspect clustering and part alignment by using virtual-world pedestrians, i.e., human annotations are not required. Second, we use a mixture-of-parts approach that allows part sharing among different aspects. Third, these proposals are integrated in a learning framework, which also allows incorporating real-world training data to perform domain adaptation between virtual- and real-world cameras. Overall, the obtained results on four popular on-board data sets show that our proposal clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art deformable part-based detector known as latent support vector machine.
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Titanatranes Bearing Terminal Substituted Aryloxo Ligands of the type [Ti(OAr){(O-2,4-Me2C6H2-6-CH2)2(OCH2CH2)N}]n (n = 1, 2): Effect of Aryloxo Substituents in the Ethylene Polymerization (2009)

A series of titanatranes containing both chelate bis(aryloxo)-(alkoxo)amine and the terminal aryloxo ligands of type [Ti(OAr)(L)](n) [n = 1 or 2, Ar = 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3) (1), 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3) (2), 2,6-Ph(2)C(6)H(3) (3), 2-FC(6)H(4) (4), 2,6-F(2)C(6)H(3) (5), C(6)F(5) (6); L = (O-2,4-Me(2)C(6)H(2)-6-CH(2))(2)(OCH(2)CH(2))N)] have been prepared, and their structures (1, 3-6) were determined by X-ray crystallography. The ortho-substituents in the terminal aryloxo ligand directly affect the structure in the solid state; the structures of 1-3 possessed monomeric form and fold a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around Ti, whereas the structure of 4-6 were of dimeric form and fold a distorted octahedral around Ti bridged with oxygen in the alkoxo arm expressed as [Ti(OAr){(O-2,4-Me(2)C(6)H(2)-6-CH(2))(2)(mu(2)-OCH(2)CH(2))N)}](2). The Ti-O(Ar) bond distances and the Ti-O-C(Ar) bond angles are highly influenced by the terminal aryloxo substituents especially in the ortho-position. The 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3) analogue (2), the C(6)F(5) analogue (6), and the 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3) analogue (1) showed moderate/notable catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization in the presence of MAO especially at 80-100 degrees C, whereas both the 2,6-Ph(2)C(6)H(3) analogue (3) and 2-FC(6)H(4) analogue (4) showed the negligible catalytic activities, clearly indicating that the activity was strongly affected by the terminal aryloxo substituents especially in the ortho-position.
Atypical Thymic Carcinoid and Malignant Somatostatinoma in Type I Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome (2003)

Thymic carcinoid and malignant somatostatinoma are both rare, and their concurrent presence in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) has never been reported in the English literature to date. We present a patient with thymic carcinoid and malignant somatostatinoma in association with MEN-1. The patient eventually died of pulmonary aspergillosis and respiratory failure. Autopsy showed a 16 x 10 x 8-cm thymic carcinoid tumor, parathyroid and adrenal gland hyperplasia, and malignant somatostatinoma of the pancreas with a metastatic tumor over the splenic hilum.
Multi‐component analysis: blind extraction of pure components mass spectra using sparse component analysis (2009)

The paper presents sparse component analysis (SCA)-based blind decomposition of the mixtures of mass spectra into pure components, wherein the number of mixtures is less than number of pure components. Standard solutions of the related blind source separation (BSS) problem that are published in the open literature require the number of mixtures to be greater than or equal to the unknown number of pure components. Specifically, we have demonstrated experimentally the capability of the SCA to blindly extract five pure components mass spectra from two mixtures only. Two approaches to SCA are tested: the first one based on l(1) norm minimization implemented through linear programming and the second one implemented through multilayer hierarchical alternating least square nonnegative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints imposed on pure components spectra. In contrast to many existing blind decomposition methods no a priori information about the number of pure components is required. It is estimated from the mixtures using robust data clustering algorithm together with pure components concentration matrix. Proposed methodology can be implemented as a part of software packages used for the analysis of mass spectra and identification of chemical compounds.
Using the geometric wheel-rail contact algorithms for fault detection in turnout areas based on the variable section characteristics of rails (2019)

This paper presents a geometric wheel–rail contact algorithm suitable for fault detection in a railway turnout. It employs a dynamic profile sampling method based on the characteristics of the variable section rails in the turnout regions. This algorithm provides a fast and accurate method to identify the wheel–rail contact points in turnouts under different degrees of lateral shift and yaw angles. This method determines the contact point based on the minimum distance and can be applied quickly through the use of a moving window to scale the potential contact boundary within the rail width. The wheel–rail contact points and the geometric contact parameters in the internal rail that matched with the LMa and 60 N were virtually identical in both methods, which verifies the accuracy of the dynamic profile sampling model. A comparison of the different wheel–rail contact points and geometric parameters under different wheelset yaw angles in turnouts using the trace line and dynamic profile sampling methods shows that a trace method based on the assumption of equal rail sections is not applicable to turnouts, thus demonstrating the necessity of calculating the wheel–rail contact geometry in turnouts using the dynamic profile sampling method, which takes the characteristics of the variable sections into account.
64-element intraluminal ultrasound cylindrical phased array for transesophageal thermal ablation under fast MR temperature mapping: An ex vivo study (2006)

This work was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using a cylindrical phased array for transoesophaeal thermal ablation under magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guidance. Sixty-four transducers (0.45 mm wide by 15 mm tall), operating at 4.6 MHz, were spread around the periphery of a 10.6-mm-diam cylinder. The head of the applicator was covered with a 65-microm thick latex balloon attached using watertight seals. This envelope was inflated with degassed water to provide acoustic coupling between the transducer and the tissues. The underlying operating principle of this applicator is to rotate a plane ultrasound beam electronically. For this purpose, eight adjacent transducers were excited with appropriate delay times so as to generate a plane wave. The exposure direction was changed by exciting a different set of eight elements. Ex vivo experiments conducted on 47 samples of pig liver under MR temperature monitoring demonstrated the ability of this applicator to generate cylindrical or sector-based coagulation necroses at depths up to 19 mm with excellent angular precision by applying 20 W/cm2. MR thermometry was performed in "real-time" with segmented echo-planar imaging gradient echo sequences. The temporal resolution was approximately 3 s/ image. The average value for the temperature baseline in liver tissue close to the applicator was 0.3 degrees C (+/- 0.6 degrees C). The thermal dose delivered in tissues was computed on-line during temperature imaging. Excellent MR compatibility was demonstrated, all MR acquisitions were performed without susceptibility artifacts or radio-frequency interferences with the ultrasound device. Thermal lesions identified on post-treatment follow up showed good correlation with online MR thermometry data. The individual differences between measurements performed visually and using MRI thermal dose maps were about 11% of volume. This study demonstrated the feasibility of thermal ablation using a phased array intraluminal ultrasound applicator and on-line MR monitoring.
Palladium-Catalyzed Methylation and Arylation of sp2 and sp3 C−H Bonds in Simple Carboxylic Acids (2007)

The use of preformed sodium carboxylates as substrates led to the first observation of facile Pd-insertions into sp3 β-C−H bonds in simple aliphatic acids. Consequently, Pd-catalyzed methylation and arylation of o-C−H bonds in benzoic acids and β-C−H bonds in aliphatic acids using either a phenylboronate, methylboronic acid, or ArI have been achieved via a C−H activation/C−C coupling sequence.
Origin of Race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici at a Single Site in California (2003)

ABSTRACT Thirty-nine isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were collected from tomato plants displaying wilt symptoms in a field in California 2 years after F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 was first observed at that location. These and other isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were characterized by pathogenicity, race, and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). Of the 39 California isolates, 22 were in VCG 0030, 11 in VCG 0031, and six in the newly described VCG 0035. Among the isolates in VCG 0030, 13 were race 3, and nine were race 2. Of the isolates in VCG 0031, seven were race 2, one was race 1, and three were nonpathogenic to tomato. All six isolates in VCG 0035 were race 2. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequencing of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of rDNA identified five IGS RFLP haplotypes, which coincided with VCGs, among 60 isolates of F. oxysporum from tomato. Five race 3 isolates from California were of the same genomic DNA RFLP haplotype as a race 2 isolate from the same location, and all 13 race 3 isolates clustered together into a subgroup in the neighbor joining tree. Collective evidence suggests that race 3 in California originated from the local race 2 population.
Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) associated with Ficus colubrinae in Costa Rica (2014)

Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. was recovered from under the bracts of figs (syconia) of Ficus colubrinae from La Selva, Costa Rica, during a survey of nematode rainforest biodiversity and is described herein. This is only the second report of an association between the nematode suborder Tylenchina and the sycones of figs. Previous reports of most nematode associates of the sycones of figs have been from the lumen and involved transmission by female fig wasp pollinators (Agaonidae) during pollination/oviposition ( e.g. , Schistonchus and Parasitodiplogaster spp.). The association between F. laselvae n. sp. and Ficus colubrinae may involve an invertebrate host, but none was recovered from dissections of the bracts during this study. It is also possible that this is a rainforest understory nematode that feeds ectoparasitically in protected areas on the aerial parts of F. colubrinae . Molecular analysis using near-full-length sequences of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes of Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. suggests that it is a member of the suborder Tylenchina (infraorder: Tylenchomorpha; family: Anguinidae) and that the closest sequenced species is F. congestae from the lumen of sycones of Ficus congesta from Queensland, Australia. Although both nematode species are associated with figs, they are morphologically divergent, suggesting that the different micro-niches that they fill provide different selective pressures for evolution of differing morphological characters or they represent different life history morphotypes of a dicyclic genus.
Design of a High Density SNP Genotyping Assay in the Pig Using SNPs Identified and Characterized by Next Generation Sequencing Technology (2009)

Overall, the results of this study indicate the utility of using next generation sequencing technologies to identify large numbers of reliable SNPs. In addition, the validation of the PorcineSNP60 Beadchip demonstrated that the assay is an excellent tool that will likely be used in a variety of future studies in pigs.
Bell-inequality tests with macroscopic entangled states of light (2011)

Quantum correlations may violate the Bell inequalities. Most experimental schemes confirming this prediction have been realized in all-optical Bell tests suffering from the detection loophole. Experiments which simultaneously close this loophole and the locality loophole are highly desirable and remain challenging. An approach to loophole-free Bell tests is based on amplification of the entangled photons (i.e., on macroscopic entanglement), for which an optical signal should be easy to detect. However, the macroscopic states are partially indistinguishable by classical detectors. An interesting idea to overcome these limitations is to replace the postselection by an appropriate preselection immediately after the amplification. This is in the spirit of state preprocessing revealing hidden nonlocality. Here, we examine one of the possible preselections, but the presented tools can be used for analysis of other schemes. Filtering methods making the macroscopic entanglement useful for Bell tests and quantum protocols are the subject of an intensive study in the field nowadays.
Mechanics and Energetics of DNA Hybridization on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Explored Using Adaptive Biasing Force Calculations (2014)

Hybrid nanostructures consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (swCNs) coated with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) are of great interest due to their numerous potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and homeland security. Recent experiments have demonstrated that DNA-CN hybrids can detect the hybridization of complementary DNA strands, paving the way for applications in DNA sequencing and genetic testing. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulations studying DNA-CN self-assembly have found that adsorbed DNA bases are poorly positioned to hybridize with complementary DNA strands. Here, we apply the adaptive biasing force (ABF) method to all-atom MD models, and find that DNA bases must desorb from the swCN sidewall and suffer significant energy penalties to hybridize with complementary DNA. This agrees with the extremely slow hybridization time scales in fluorescence experiments, as well as observations made using DNA-CN transistor devices. We present the free energy landscape for two model systems and compare the energy required to hybridize a G-C versus an A-T pair. These results reveal significant impediments to rapid DNA hybridization on the swCN surface, and further our understanding of the mechanism by which hybridization gradually occurs—essential knowledge for the advancement of nanotechnology based on DNA-CN.
Modal analysis of wind turbine blades (2002)

Abstract Modalanalysishasbeenusedtoidentifynaturalfrequencies,damp-ingcharacteristicsandmodeshapesofwindturbineblades.Diﬀerentexperimentalprocedureshavebeenconsideredandthemostappropri-ateofthesehasbeenselected.AlthoughthecomparisonisbasedonmeasurementsonaLM19mblade,therecommendationsgivenarebelievedtobevalidforothertypesofwindturbinebladesaswell.Thereliabilityoftheselectedexperimentalanalysishasbeenquantiﬁedbyes-timating the unsystematicvariations in the experimental ﬁndings. Satisfactoryresults have been obtained for natural frequencies, damping characteristics andforthedominatingdeﬂectiondirectionoftheinvestigatedmodeshapes.Fornon-dominating deﬂection directions of the investigated mode shapes, however, theobservedexperimental uncertainty may be considerable – especially for the tor-sionaldeﬂection.TheexperimentalanalysisoftheLM19mbladehasbeencomparedwithresultsfromaFE-modelingofthesameblade.Forsomeofthehighermodessubstantialdiscrepanciesbetween the naturalfrequencies originatingfrom the FE-modelingandthe modal analysis,respectively, areobserved.Comparing the mode shapes(normalized with respect to the tip deﬂection in the dominating deﬂection di-rection) good agreement has been demonstrated for the dominating deﬂectiondirection. For the non-dominating deﬂection directions, the qualitative features(i.e.theshape)ofmeasuredandcomputedmodesshapesareingoodagreement,whereastheyquantitativelymaydisplayconsiderabledeviations.Finally,suggestionsofpotentialfutureimprovementsofthe experimentalpro-cedurearediscussed.ISBN87–550–2696–6ISBN87–550–2697–4(Internet)ISSN0106–2840Print:PitneyBowesManagementServicesDenmarkA/S,2002
On horizontal distribution of vertical gradient of atmospheric refractivity (2017)

Abstract The horizontal distribution of the vertical gradient of atmospheric refractivity is important for the assessment of the propagation of electromagnetic waves on nearly horizontal paths. A 5‐year set of meteorological data, obtained from the ERA‐Interim numerical weather product, has been used to analyze this distribution statistically. Vertical gradient maps of the Central European region have been processed to derive empirical probability distributions of the difference between local point gradient values at two locations. The difference of the effective (path‐averaged) gradient along the path and the local gradient is shown to be statistically distributed so that the quantiles increase linearly with distance in the interval from 100 to 1000 km. Finally, a spatial correlation function is obtained and described by an exponential model with correlation distances determined in the range of 400–700 km.
Correction to Highly Anisotropic in-Plane Excitons in Atomically Thin and Bulklike 1T′-ReSe2 (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Highly Anisotropic in-Plane Excitons in Atomically Thin and Bulklike 1T′-ReSe2Ashish Arora*, Jonathan Noky, Matthias Drüppel, Bhakti Jariwala, Thorsten Deilmann, Robert Schneider, Robert Schmidt, Osvaldo Del Pozo-Zamudio, Torsten Stiehm, Arnab Bhattacharya, Peter Krüger, Steffen Michaelis de Vasconcellos, Michael Rohlfing, and Rudolf Bratschitsch*Cite this: Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 11, 7169Publication Date (Web):October 3, 2017Publication History Published online3 October 2017Published inissue 8 November 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04178https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04178correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1044Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (241 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A robust video watermarking technique in the spatial domain (2003)

We present a scheme for robust watermark insertion into video sequences. The proposed approach works in the uncompressed image domain, and it is robust against a large set of possible attacks. It has been developed for two principle applications: copyright protection and invisible embedding of indexing information. The proposed scheme has been tested and the results show that a robust watermark can be embedded in video sequences, and extracted after different attacks, in particular MPEG compression and geometrical attacks like cropping and resizing. We also compared two different error correcting codes used to improve robustness: convolutional and turbo codes.