gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P.111: Alpha and Beta Cell Crosstalk via Extracellular Vesicles (2021)

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by selective destruction of the pancreatic β- cells. Advanced disease is also associated with dysfunction of α cells which results in life threatening hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness. The cause and the underlying mechanisms of α- cell dysfunction are unknown. Previous reports have suggested that β- cells regulate α cells via paracrine signaling. Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are nanosized (30–300 nm) membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types to communicate with neighboring and distant cells. Alpha and beta cells also release exosomes, but the functional in response to physiological stimulation needs investigation. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the crosstalk that takes place between α and β-cell via exosome. Methods: Mouse TC1- α and βTC6 cell lines were stimulated with low (2.5mM), basal (5.5mM) and high glucose (25mM) media for 24hrs after exosome depletion. Conditioned media was collected for isolation of exosomes using differential centrifugation method and kit-based method for higher yields. Exosome was confirmed using TEM, and western blot for exosomal markers. Quantification and characterization was done using ELISA, micro-BCA analysis, and Nanosight analysis. Exosomes were used to further cross-stimulate a and b cells under low and high glucose condition at various time points (6h, 12h, 24h, 48h), and to evaluate the role of exosomes in insulin and glucagon gene expression and secretion. ELISA was used to measure insulin and glucagon levels in the media, q-PCR was performed on insulin, glucagon and their regulating transcription factors. Results: TEM analysis revealed that a and b cells released a homogenous mixture of cup-shaped, rounded vesicles within the size range of exosomes (30-300nm). The size of exosomes based on nanosight analysis was found to be 50 – 200nm. Western blot analysis for exosomal markers (CD9) further confirmed the presence of exosomes. Glucagon expression in a cells was significantly increased when stimulated with b cell exosomes under low glucose condition (6h: P = 0.0134; 24h: P=0.0455; 48h: P= 0.0532). The expression of glucagon in a cell was not affected by b cell exosomes under high glucose. MafB expression in α cells correlated with glucagon expression. Interestingly, expression of insulin in b cells was not significantly affected by a cell exosomes. Conclusion: Exosomes from beta cells seem to play a role in the regulation of glucagon by a cells. Further investigation relating to production and release of insulin and glucagon in response to exosomes is warranted.
Solubilization of water preparation of ginkgo biloba extracts by surfactants (2002)

In this paper,the solubilization of ginkgo biloba extracts by surfactants in water was studied,nontoxic nonionic surfactants such as Tween,Span,PEG were selected as solubilizing agent.The result reveals that the solubilizing effect is:Tween-80Tween-20PEG600Span.Every gram Tween-80 can solubilize 2 g ginkgo biloba extracts,and the solubility of Ginkgo biloba extracts in 100 g water is only 0 5 g,after adding 2 5 g Tween-80,the solubility of ginkgo biloba extracts is increased to 5 0 g.Through building the dynamics equation and thermodynamics equation of decomposition of Ginkgo biloba extracts,the effective constitutes concentration of liquid preparation of Ginkgo biloba extracts using Tween-80 as solubilizing agent can keep 90 % of the initial concentration in the room temperature(25 ℃)during 479 days.
The <i>pyrE</i> Gene as a Bidirectional Selection Marker in <i>Bifidobacterium Longum</i> 105-A (2013)

We constructed a deletion mutant of the pyrE gene in Bifidobacterium longum 105-A. A pyrE knockout cassette was cloned into pKKT427, a Bifidobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, and then introduced into B. longum 105-A by electroporation. The transformants were propagated and spread onto MRS plates containing 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) and uracil. 5-FOA-resistant mutants were obtained at a frequency of 4.7 × 10(-5) integrations per cell. To perform pyrE gene complementation, the pyrE gene was amplified by PCR and used to construct a complementation plasmid (pKKT427-pyrE (+)). B. longum 105-A ∆pyrE harboring this plasmid could not grow on MRS plates containing 5-FOA, uracil and spectinomycin. We also developed a chemically defined medium (bifidobacterial minimal medium; BMM) containing inorganic salts, glucose, vitamins, isoleucine and tyrosine for positive selection of pyrE transformants. B. longum 105-A ∆pyrE could not grow on BMM agar, but the same strain harboring pKKT427-pyrE (+) could. Thus, pyrE can be used as a counterselection marker in B. longum 105-A and potentially other Bifidobacterium species as well. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this system by constructing a knockout mutant of the xynF gene in B. longum 105-A by using the pyrE gene as a counterselection marker. This pyrE-based selection system will contribute to genetic studies of bifidobacteria.
Are interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms risk factors or disease modifiers in AD? (2002)

Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 genes, IL-1A and IL-1B, have been associated with AD, but not in all studies. The authors genotyped the IL-1A(-889) and IL-1B(-511) polymorphisms in large independent cohorts of 503 control individuals and 395 patients with AD, and a further 100 with brain Abeta load. No evidence was found of risk for AD with these variants, nor of an effect on age at onset. However, an impact of IL-1B(-511) on Abeta(40) load (p < 0.05) was detected.
A Multiresolution Approach to Discrete Tomography Using DART (2014)

In discrete tomography, a scanned object is assumed to consist of only a few different materials. This prior knowledge can be effectively exploited by a specialized discrete reconstruction algorithm such as the Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (DART), which is capable of providing more accurate reconstructions from limited data compared to conventional reconstruction algorithms. However, like most iterative reconstruction algorithms, DART suffers from long computation times. To increase the computational efficiency as well as the reconstruction quality of DART, a multiresolution version of DART (MDART) is proposed, in which the reconstruction starts on a coarse grid with big pixel (voxel) size. The resulting reconstruction is then resampled on a finer grid and used as an initial point for a subsequent DART reconstruction. This process continues until the target pixel size is reached. Experiments show that MDART can provide a significant speed-up, reduce missing wedge artefacts and improve feature reconstruction in the object compared with DART within the same time, making its use with large datasets more feasible.
RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN AN EQUINE PATELLA FOLLOWING MEDIAL PATELLAR DESMOTOMY (1990)

Medial patellar desmotomy has been considered a benign surgical treatment in horses with suspected upward fixation of the patella. Our clinic has previously observed radiographic changes in the equine stifle following medial patellar desmotomy but preoperative radiographs were not made and the changes therefore could not be directly associated with the desmotomy. In this report we describe a case with normal stifle radiographs before medial patellar desmotomy. Radiographs made 3 months later demonstrated degeneration of the patella with enthesophytes, osteolysis and bone fragments. It is hypothesized that the lesion developed as a result of lateral rotation of the patella creating stress concentration in the subchondral bone of the distal articular surface of the patella. The pathogenesis of the patellar lesion is thought to be similar to the “gull wing” lesion on the distal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone. We recommend a more prudent approach to medial patellar desmotomy in the horse.
Time-aware Traffic Shaper using Time-based Packet Scheduling on Intel I210 (2018)

By 2015, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) time-sensitive networking (TSN) task group has released several TSN standards. Amongst them is 802.1Qbv, also known as a time-aware shaper, aiming to provide performance assurances of latency and delivery variation to enable applications in a TSN network. While there are several products and evaluation kits that employ 802.1Qbv in the market now, it is still not widely adopted yet due to the maturity of the standard. Hardware-enabled 802.1Qbv use hardware queues and timers to achieve accurate transmission of packets in the switch and bridge. This research aims to investigate the feasibility of using an existing end-station Ethernet controller, Intel I210, and its launch time control feature (commonly known as time-based packet scheduling) to shape traffic compatible to 802.1Qbv-enabled network bridges. A software solution is developed by implementing a software configurable gate-control list and employing open-source Linux RFC patches for per-packet transmit time specification. By configuring the kernel and mapping kernel-layer traffic classes to the hardware queues, packets can be transmitted out at precise times while attaching 802.1Q VLAN tags, required by bridges to identify packets. Through analysis, it is found that this solution will require an additional 30 μs transmit offset to be used effectively. That is 55% more time is needed to transmit a packet in a back-to-back connection and 17.6% on a 3-switch network to improve period peak jitter performance to just 8.9 μs compared to 1 ms on solutions that send packets out periodically using software sleep functions.
2,4-DINITROPHENYL RECEPTORS ON MOUSE THYMUS AND SPLEEN CELLS (1973)

A higher percentage of specific antigen-binding cells can be detected not only in normal CBA/J mouse spleen cell preparations (0.99%), but also in the normal thymus cell preparations (0.15%) with the use of [(125)I]2,4-dinitrophenyl-human IgG (DNP-HGG) as compared with most other antigens employed under similar conditions. The receptors on these cells are mainly specific for the DNP group as shown by the inhibition studies with DNP-lysine and the other DNP conjugates. In addition, it was shown by the inhibition studies with DNP-lysine that the thymus cells seem to have a lower avidity for DNP than the spleen cells. Preincubation of cell suspensions with antisera to immunoglobulins showed that the DNP-HGG antigen-binding cells in the thymus are inhibited predominantly with anti-micro-chain serum and the spleen cells with both anti-micro-chain and anti-gamma-chain sera; both cell populations were also significantly inhibited with the antisera to kappa-chains and Fab fragments. These data indicate that the nature of the receptor on the T cell differs from that on the majority of spleen cells.
Involuntary eyelid closure and orbicularis paralysis (1990)

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1990, 1:463-468
An event knowledge graph system for the operation and maintenance of power equipment (2022)

Abstract Power equipment operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) requires plenty of domain knowledge to improve equipment security and power grid reliability. However, most knowledge is implicitly represented by the semantic text, which is hard to be comprehended by algorithms and restricts the intelligence level of equipment O&amp;M. Therefore, this article proposes an event knowledge graph system to automatically extract event knowledge from O&amp;M reports and represent the knowledge by an event knowledge graph (KG). First, a bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM) combined with conditional random field (CRF) is employed to recognize the entities. Next, an attention‐based sequence‐to‐sequence model is proposed to detect multiple events and extract document‐level representation vectors. Then, a tree‐based table filling strategy is utilized to complete the artificially designed event tables. Finally, the proposed system renders the event tables into an event KG. Verified by the experiments, the proposed system outperforms the baselines with the F‐measure of 83.5% for event extraction and 94.2% for event detection. When dealing with coexisting events and scattering arguments, the F‐measure of the proposed system achieves 74.8% and 79.0%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed system has positive effects on intelligent retrieval, fault diagnosis, and condition assessment, verifying its potential value for equipment O&amp;M.
Dissipative versus dispersive coupling in quantum optomechanics: Squeezing ability and stability (2018)

The generation of squeezed light and the optomechanical instability of a dissipative type of opto-mechanical coupling are theoretically addressed for a cavity with the input mirror serving as a mechanical oscillator or for an equivalent system. The problem is treated analytically for the case of resonance excitation or small detunings, mainly focusing on the bad-cavity limit. A qualitative difference between the dissipative and purely dispersive coupling is reported. In particular, it is shown that, for the purely dissipative coupling in the bad-cavity regime, the backaction is strongly reduced and the squeezing ability of the system is strongly suppressed, in contrast to the case of purely dispersive coupling. It is also shown that, for small detunings, stability diagrams for the cases of the purely dispersive and dissipative couplings are qualitatively identical to within the change of the sign of detuning. The results obtained are compared with those from the recent theoretical publications.
Retrospective analysis of linear accelerator output constancy checks using process control techniques (2013)

Shewhart control charts have previously been suggested as a process control tool for use in routine linear accelerator (linac) output verifications. However, a comprehensive approach to process control has not been investigated for linac output verifications. The purpose of this work is to investigate a comprehensive process control approach to linac output constancy quality assurance (QA). The RBA-3 dose constancy check was used to verify outputs of photon beams and electron beams delivered by a Varian Clinac 21EX linac. The data were collected during 2009 to 2010. Shewhart-type control charts, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts, and capability indices were applied to these processes. The Shewhart-type individuals chart (X-chart) was used and the number of data points used to calculate the control limits was varied. The parameters tested for the EWMA charts (smoothing parameter (λ) and the control limit width (L)) were λ = 0.05, L = 2.492; λ = 0.10, L = 2.703; and λ = 0.20, L = 2.860, as well as the number of points used to estimate the initial process mean and variation. Lastly, the number of in-control data points used to determine process capability (C(p)) and acceptability (C(pk)) were investigated, comparing the first in-control run to the longest in-control run of the process data. C(p) and C(pk) values greater than 1.0 were considered acceptable. The 95% confidence intervals were reported. The X-charts detected systematic errors (e.g., device setup errors). In-control run lengths on the X-charts varied from 5 to 30 output measurements (about one to seven months). EWMA charts showed in-control runs ranging from 9 to 33 output measurements (about two to eight months). The C(p) and C(pk) ratios are higher than 1.0 for all energies, except 12 and 20 MeV. However, 10 MV and 6, 9, and 16 MeV were in question when considering the 95% confidence limits. The X-chart should be calculated using 8-12 data points. For EWMA chart, using 4 data points is sufficient to calculate the initial mean and variance of the process. The EWMA limits should be calculated with λ = 0.10, L = 2.703. At least 25-30 in-control data points should be used to calculate the C(p) and C(pk) indices.
The Biosynthesis of Epoxides (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Mechanism of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Epothilones Mycinamicin Griseorhodin A Hedamycin Flavin-dependent Epoxidases Squalene Epoxidase Styrene Epoxidase Dioxygenases Epoxidation through Dehydrogenation Fosfomycin Scopolamine Dehalogenases Summary and Outlook References
Minimax Design of Variable Fractional-Delay FIR Digital Filters by Iterative Weighted Least-Squares Approach (2008)

In this letter, an iterative weighted least-squares (LS) approach is proposed for the design of variable fractional-delay (VFD) finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters in minimax sense. For deriving the elements of relevant matrices, there is no need for numerical integration or closed-form formulation and they obey given specifications. Comparing with the existing method, the proposed method does not lead to a misleading problem, and the performance of convergence is also better. Especially, it is found that the used LS weighting function is only dependent on the frequency, not on the tunable parameter, which makes it easier for the minimax design of VFD FIR digital filters.
Vitamin D nutrition in pregnancy: current opinion (2013)

There is increasing interest in vitamin D nutrition during pregnancy because of widespread reports of a high prevalence of low vitamin D status in pregnant women. While vitamin D is important for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and for bone health, it also plays important roles in many other physiologic functions in the body. Consistent with the expanded role of vitamin D, recent observational studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D status in pregnancy is associated with multiple potential adverse maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes and contributes to low vitamin D status in infants at birth. Therefore, an overview of the current understanding of vitamin D nutrition in pregnancy and a review of the results of studies to optimize vitamin D status during pregnancy and in the offspring is of public health importance and timely.
Rotors, Spirals, and Scroll Waves in the Heart (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Self-Organization in Excitable Media Lessons about Cardiac Reentry from the B-Z Reaction The Concept of “Wavebreak” The Ever-Increasing Curvature of a Spiral Wave Front Wavebreaks and “Singularities” Lines of Block in Anisotropic Reentry Spiral Waves and Wavelets Wavebreak Precedes the Initiation of Reentry Excitability and Core Size The Excitable Gap Figure-of-8 Reentry and the Common Pathway Drifting Spirals Drifting Spirals and Electrocardiographic Patterns Doppler Effect and Torsades de Pointes Anchoring and the Transition from Polymorphic to Monomorphic Activation Effects of Externally Applied Waves on Spiral Wave Dynamics Three-Dimensional Scrolls Dynamics of Scroll Waves Experimental Detection of Three-Dimensional Vortex-like Reentry in Cardiac Muscle Summary
Automatically Rigging Multi‐component Characters (2012)

Abstract Rigging an arbitrary 3D character by creating an animation skeleton is a time‐consuming process even for experienced animators. In this paper, we present an algorithm that automatically creates animation rigs for multi‐component 3D models, as they are typically found in online shape databases. Our algorithm takes as input a multi‐component model and an input animation skeleton with associated motion data. It then creates a target skeleton for the input model, calculates the rigid skinning weights, and a mapping between the joints of the target skeleton and the input animation skeleton. The automatic approach does not need additional semantic information, such as component labels or user‐provided correspondences, and succeeds on a wide range of models where the number of components is significantly different. It implicitly handles large scale and proportional differences between input and target skeletons and can deal with certain morphological differences, e.g., if input and target have different numbers of limbs. The output of our algorithm can be directly used in a retargeting system to create a plausible animated character.
Evaluation of Renal Handling of Uric Acid in Essential Hypertension: Hyperuricemia Related to Decreased Urate Secretion (1991)

The tubular transport of urate was studied in 40 hypertensive patients and in 20 normal subjects by means of pyrazinamide and benzbromarone tests. There was a marked decrease in urate excretion per nephron in hyperuricemic patients with essential hypertension. Serum uric acid correlated inversely with fractional excretion of urate (r = -0.7450, p less than 0.001). Presecretory and postsecretory reabsorption of urate did not significantly differ between hypertensive patients with high uric acid levels and control subjects. Urate secretion was significantly reduced in hypertensive patients and in those with hyperuricemia showed a twofold decrease. Serum uric acid correlated inversely with tubular secretion of urate (r = -0.7091, p less than 0.001) in hypertensive patients. These findings indicate that impaired tubular secretion of urate is a potential mechanism of hyperuricemia in essential hypertension.
Processing and characterization of chitosan microspheres to be used as templates for layer-by-layer assembly (2010)

Chitosan (Ch) microspheres have been developed by precipitation method, cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and used as a template for layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of two natural polyelectrolytes. Using a LBL methodology, Ch microspheres were alternately coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) and Ch under mild conditions. The roughness of the Ch-based crosslinked microspheres was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Morphological characterization was performed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereolight microscopy. The swelling behaviour of the microspheres demonstrated that the ones with more bilayers presented the highest water uptake and the uncoated cross-linked Ch microspheres showed the lowest uptake capability. Microspheres presented spherical shape with sizes ranging from 510 to 840 mum. ESEM demonstrated that a rougher surface with voids is formed in multilayered microspheres caused by the irregular stacking of the layers. A short term mechanical stability assay was also performed, showing that the LBL procedure with more than five bilayers of HA/Ch over Ch cross-linked microspheres provide higher mechanical stability.
Codage scalable des vecteurs mouvement pour la compression de vidéos basée ondelettes (2005)

National audience
A Simple Method for Measuring Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity (1990)

A simple method is described which can be used to measure the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of soils in a short time. The method is based on measurement of water absorption rate under controlled tensions. The results of this method are compared with those evaluated by the Brooks-Corey method, emitter method, and small increments of pressure change method.