gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“A Modified Anterolateral Swashbuckler Approach for Distal Femoral Fractures: Description and Outcomes” (2021)

Abstract Background: The treatment of distal femur fractures represents a challenging task. General and local factors, including bone quality, articular surface involvement, fracture comminution, associated soft tissue injuries and ultimately fixation system, all play a role in the final clinical outcome. Current surgical approaches often undermine patellar vascularization and integrity of the extensor apparatus, not guaranteeing sufficient visualization of the medial condyle. This technical note presents the efficacy and safety a new surgical technique to address distal femoral fractures. Methods : The original "swashbuckler" surgical approach was modified in order to obtain a better visualization of the lateral and medial femoral condyles without affecting the knee extensor mechanism and the anastomotic arterial supply of the patella. This modified surgical approach was utilized in a consecutive series of patients presenting with a Müller AO 33 distal femur or periprosthetic fracture of the knee. The final outcome was recorded according to a functional evaluation scoring system. Results: Twelve patients (2 males and 10 females) with a mean age of 67,8 years (min. 18; max 90 years) were included in this series. The same, modified "swashbuckler" surgical approach was applied in all cases. Multiple internal fixation techniques, including a single lateral plate, a combination of a lateral and medial plate, a single lateral plate associated with lag screws, were used to obtain a satisfactory stabilization of the fracture site. All patients were reviewed at a minimum one-year follow up (median 15 months): all patients regained their level of activities of daily living. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. Conclusions: The modified swashbuckler approach allows anatomical reduction and appropriate fixation with minimal severance of the blood supply to the patella and ensures rapid weight bearing resumption thanks to an intact extensor mechanism.
Reactions of Benzyne–Silver Cation Complex with Substituted Benzenes (1977)

Abstract The presence of silver perchlorate changed the products in the reaction of benzyne with substituted benzene (anisole, toluene, chlorobenzene or methyl benzoate) to increase biphenyl and/or benzylidyne trifluoride derivatives by the sacrifice of benzobicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene derivatives. In the case of toluene, o-methylbiphenyl (15) and 6-methylbenzocyclooctene (14) were considered to be formed via common intermediate. These results were well explained by an assumption of benzyne–silver cation complex. From competition experiments, it was concluded that benzyne-silver cation complex assumed here had a stronger electrophilicity than benzyne itself.
Effects of Sb and Pb doping on the high-Tcphase-formation in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors (1992)

The authors have systematically investigated the influence of Pb and/or Sb doping in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oz high-temperature superconductors. Samples with volume fractions of 110 K phase >or=95% have been attained by doping appropriate amounts of Pb or Pb+Sb. The optimum ratio of materials Sb co-doping, and fabrication conditions. It is confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that Sb is incorporated in the superconductors, which is the first observation of this kind, at least to their knowledge. Pb is incorporated in the superconductors to stabilize the high-Tc phase. On the other hand, Sb is found to effectively prevent Pb from evaporating during calcination.
From MFC to MXC: chemical and biological cathodes and their potential for microbial bioelectrochemical systems (2010)

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are the archetype microbial bioelectrochemical system (BES), producing electricity from microbially catalyzed anodic oxidation processes. The greatest potential of MFC lies in the use of wastewater as a substrate (fuel), which allows combining waste treatment and energy recovery. Recently, a development has been initiated that expands the scope of these bioelectrochemical systems from power generation to an increasing number of further applications. This development has become possible by the introduction of new cathode catalyst concepts. The corresponding devices, here summarized as MXCs--the X standing for the different types and applications--share one common element: the microbial anode. The cathode, however, has to fulfil rather different tasks and thus differs quite remarkably across these systems. In this critical review we analyze the different cathode tasks and the resulting requirements for the respective cathode and discuss the available catalyst options in the light of their major advantages and weaknesses. These catalyst options comprise inorganic, biomolecular as well microbial catalyst systems. Hereby, special emphasis is put on a comparative analysis of chemical and biological cathodes and their individual potentials and limitations. For this purpose, criteria are defined based on relevant properties (performance, price, longevity, etc.) and are evaluated by means of a multi-factor analysis, based on the individual target reaction and catalyst. This analysis is exemplarily elaborated for the oxygen reduction reaction (typical for MFCs) and for the hydrogen production (in MECs) (91 references).
Sensor network data fault types (2009)

This tutorial presents a detailed study of sensor faults that occur in deployed sensor networks and a systematic approach to model these faults. We begin by reviewing the fault detection literature for sensor networks. We draw from current literature, our own experience, and data collected from scientific deployments to develop a set of commonly used features useful in detecting and diagnosing sensor faults. We use this feature set to systematically define commonly observed faults, and provide examples of each of these faults from sensor data collected at recent deployments.
The Perplexing Paradox of Paraquat: The Case for Host-Based Susceptibility and Postulated Neurodegenerative Effects (2014)

Paraquat is an herbicide used extensively in agriculture and has also been proposed to be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. To date, experimental, clinical, and epidemiological data on paraquat neurotoxicity have been equivocal. In this short review, we discuss some technical and biological mechanisms that contribute to inconsistencies regarding paraquat neurotoxicity. We hypothesize that individual genetic variations in susceptibility generate major differences in neurotoxic risk and functional outcome. Identifying these heritable sources of variation in host susceptibility, and their role in complex gene-environment interactions, is crucial to identify risk biomarkers and to devise better prevention and treatment for those exposed to paraquat and other potential neurotoxicants.
Automatic impedance control (1993)

The authors describe circuits and techniques that provide automatic on-chip impedance matching between a series-terminated, low-voltage swing, CMOS I/O pad, and an external interconnect. The automatic impedance control technique employs a digitally controlled output impedance driver, a high-gain, low-voltage differential receiver, and an IEEE-1149.1-1990 compatible test access port. The techniques presented here design circuits that compensate for external environmental variations. A component to test these circuits uses a 0.8- mu m effective gate-length process. The test components exhibit 2-ns I/O latencies with 1-ns rise/fall times and match impedances between 30 and 100 Omega .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Topographical Lidar System for Terrain-Relative Navigation (2008)

An imaging lidar system is being developed for use in navigation, relative to the local terrain. This technology will potentially be used for future spacecraft landing on the Moon. Systems like this one could also be used on Earth for diverse purposes, including mapping terrain, navigating aircraft with respect to terrain and military applications. The system has been field-tested aboard a helicopter in the Mojave Desert. When this system was designed, digitizers with sufficient sampling rate (2 GHz) were only available with very limited memory. Also, it was desirable to limit the amount of data to be transferred between the digitizer and the mass storage between individual frames. One of the novelty design features of this system was to design the system around the limited amount of memory of the digitizer. The system is required to operate over an altitude (distance) range from a few meters to approximately 1 km, but for each scan across the full field of view, the digitizer memory is only able to hold data for an altitude range no more than 100 m. Data acquisition methods in support of the limited 100 m wide altitude range are described.
Reluctant glass formers and their applications in lens design (same as vol. 1535, p. 231) (1991)

Recently, a group of glasses has been investigated that have high refractive index and low dispersion. These glasses are known as reluctant glass formers and lie in the 'forbidden' region of the conventional glass map. Research is continuing to develop means and techniques to produce usable sizes and optical characteristics. Since these glasses have unusual optical properties, a study was performed to gain an understanding of the impact such glasses could have on optical design and to establish desired baseline optical properties as objectives for the material scientists. Several generic optical configurations were explored to determine if a meaningful improvement could be realized. Study results are presented and discussed to illustrate that a notable enhancement in optical performance is attainable.
Treadmill training for ataxic patients: a single-subject experimental design (2007)

Objective: To investigate changes in gait quality, balance and mobility associated with treadmill training for ataxic individuals. Design: Single-subject ABA design. Baseline phases (A) lasted three weeks and intervention (B) lasted four weeks. Setting: University rehabilitation clinic. Subjects: A woman (25 years) and a man (53 years) with chronic ataxia due to head trauma. Intervention: Three 20-minute treadmill training sessions each week with progression in velocity and step length. Main measures: Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, Timed Up and Go, time to complete a balance task, walking speed, cadence, and stride length assessments three times a week during the 10 weeks. Data were analysed with the celeration line technique and two standard deviation band. Results: Both individuals demonstrated gains in all parameters over initial baseline and subsequent phases, with performance increases ranging from 26% to 233% when first and last assessments were compared. Significantly superior effects of treadmill training over baseline conditions on cadence were detected (P&lt;0.05). Gains in walking speed were not significantly better during intervention, but intervention withdrawal produced deceleration of performance gains. Gains in Timed Up and Go, step length and balance were not consistent and were possibly caused by a learning effect of the association between repeated testing and treadmill training. Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment gains reached significance only for subject 2 (P&lt;0.05), probably because of increased variability of performance of subject 1. Results suggest that the association between repeated testing and treadmill training might have been responsible for the observed gains in the two ataxic patients.
Synthesis and evaluation of P(AM‐b‐DADMAC) as fixative for dissolved and colloidal substances (2013)

ABSTRACT Acrylamide (AM) and diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) block copolymer P(AM‐ b ‐DADMAC) was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. The successful polymerization of controlled composition and polydispersity index of the block copolymer was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H‐NMR, and size exclusion chromatography analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis further confirmed the interaction between the trithioester groups of RAFT agent and alkenyl groups of AM and DADMAC in the final product. With turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and focused beam reflectance measurement measurements, the block copolymer was proved to be effective at fixing dissolved and colloidal substances onto papermaking fibers, thus removing these substances from the water phase where they have a tendency to aggregate and form troublesome deposits. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4040–4046, 2013
Statistical speckle study to characterize scattering media: use of two complementary approaches (2007)

Speckle produced by strongly-scattering media contains information about its optical properties. Statistical speckle study allows discrimination between media and enables one to characterize any change. Two approaches of the speckle phenomenon are used in the measurement of speckle produced by monodisperse-polystyrene microspheres in solution and mixtures of them: a stochastic approach based on the fractional Brownian motion and a classical frequential approach based on speckle size measurement. In this paper, we introduce an approach that contains the multi-scale aspect of the speckle; therefore it provides more information on the medium than the speckle dimension. The obtained results show that the stochastic approach allows a better samples discrimination than the classical frequential approach.
Adaptive exchange sustains cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase networks and proper licensing of DNA replication (2022)

Cop9 signalosome (CSN) regulates the function of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) by deconjugating the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 from the cullin subunit. To understand the physiological impact of CSN function on the CRL network and cell proliferation, we combined quantitative mass spectrometry and genome-wide CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screens to identify factors that modulate cell viability upon inhibition of CSN by the small molecule CSN5i-3. CRL components and regulators strongly modulated the antiproliferative effects of CSN5i-3, and in addition we found two pathways involved in genome integrity, SCF<sup>FBXO5</sup>-APC/C-GMNN and CUL4<sup>DTL</sup>-SETD8, that contribute substantially to the toxicity of CSN inhibition. Our data highlight the importance of CSN-mediated NEDD8 deconjugation and adaptive exchange of CRL substrate receptors in sustaining CRL function and suggest approaches for leveraging CSN inhibition for the treatment of cancer.
Automated authoring of coherent multimedia discourse in conversation systems (2001)

We are building a full-fledged multimedia conversation framework called Responsive Information Architect (RIA), using a combination of AI and multimedia techniques. Here we describe RIA's capability of automated authoring of a coherent multimedia discourse, which is used by RIA to express itself when conversing with a user. Specifically, we focus on explaining three unique features of our automated authoring approach: automated authoring of multimedia interaction acts, dynamic insertion of multimedia punctuation acts, and systematic design of cross-media acts.
Switching Kr/Xe Selectivity with Temperature in a Metal–Organic Framework (2012)

Krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe) adsorption on two partially fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFCu and FMOFZn) with different cavity size and topologies are reported. FMOFCu shows an inversion in sorption selectivity toward Kr at temperatures below 0 °C while FMOFZn does not. The 1D microtubes packed along the (101) direction connected through small bottleneck windows in FMOFCu appear to be the reason for this peculiar behavior. The FMOFCu shows an estimated Kr/Xe selectivity of 36 at 0.1 bar and 203 K.
Alanyl-Aminopeptidases in Human T Cells (2004)

Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of alanyl-aminopeptidase leads to strong immunosuppression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanisms involved include growth arrest, induction of immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-ß1), reduced expression of inflammatory or T cell stimulating cytokines (IL-2, IL-12), and modulation of T cell signalling pathways. Thus, T cells appear to represent a major cellular target for the pharmacological treatment of T cell mediated diseases by virtue of aminopeptidase inhibitor administration. Membrane (APN) and cytosol alanyl-aminopeptidase (ApPS), both implicated in a variety of cellular functions, show similar substrate specifity and inhibitor sensitivity. Furthermore, both enzymes are expressed in practically all T cell subsets, including the population of natural regulatory T cells that was shown recently to control the immunological tolerance to self-antigens. While the involvement of APN and ApPS in the pathological immune response is evident, the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be identified. The development of inhibitors specific for APN and ApPS is an attractive field of study and would allow determination of the individual contribution of either enzyme in the immune response.
Open tubular heterogeneous enzyme reactors: Preparation and kinetic behavior (1972)

Abstract Tubes with immobilized enzymes on the inner wall, called open tubular heterogeneous enzyme reactors, were prepared by binding enzymes either directly to the tube inside surface or to a layer of a porous matrix attached to the inner wall. Kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of N‐benzoyl‐ L ‐arginine ethylester as a model reaction indicated that the reaction was kinetically controlled in reactors with surface bound trypsin and the kinetic parameters were evaluated by conventional methods. On the other hand, substrate diffusion in both the porous matrix and the bulk substrate solution strongly affected the rate of reaction in porous layer trypsin reactors. The highest overall rates of reaction were obtained when the reaction was bulk diffusion controlled and the measured rates were in agreement with those calculated from expressions derived from heat transfer theory. The design of reactors for the limiting cases of kinetic and bulk diffusion controlled reaction as well as a method for the determination of substrate diffusivity are outlined.
Fingerprint Biometrics Authentication on Smart Card (2009)

Fingerprint matching for user authentication is becoming widely used in many applications. Smart cards are also being used heavily in identification applications. It is now required to combine both technologies so fingerprints can be matched on the smart card. This paper presents combination on two security components which are the fingerprint recognition and smart card. The smart card plays a data storage for storing the cardholder’s fingerprint data. The card holder is required to scan his/her fingerprint on a the card for matching. This research proposes a framework for user identification and authentication using fingerprints and smart cards.
Identifying Putative Promoter Regions of Hermansky‐Pudlak Syndrome Genes by Means of Phylogenetic Footprinting (2009)

HPS is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and prolonged bleeding. Eight human genes are described resulting in the HPS subtypes 1-8. Certain HPS proteins combine to form Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complexes (BLOCs), thought to function in the formation of intracellular vesicles such as melanosomes, platelet dense bodies, and lytic granules. Specifically, BLOC-2 contains the HPS3, HPS5 and HPS6 proteins. We used phylogenetic footprinting to identify conserved regions in the upstream sequences of HPS3, HPS5 and HPS6. These conserved regions were verified to have in vitro transcription activation activity using luciferase reporter assays. Transcription factor binding site analyses of the regions identified 52 putative sites shared by all three genes. When analysis was limited to the conserved footprints, seven binding sites were found shared among all three genes: Pax-5, AIRE, CACD, ZF5, Zic1, E2F and Churchill. The HPS3 conserved upstream region was sequenced in four patients with decreased fibroblast HPS3 RNA levels and only one HPS3 mutation in the coding exons and surrounding exon/intron boundaries; no mutation was found. These findings illustrate the power of phylogenetic footprinting for identifying potential regulatory regions in non-coding sequences and define the first putative promoter elements for any HPS genes.
Analytical Modeling of Open Circuit Magnetic Field in Wound Field and Series Double Excitation Synchronous Machines (2010)

We describe an exact 2-D analytical model for predicting the open circuit magnetic field in idealized structures of wound field and series hybrid excitation permanent-magnet synchronous machines. This technique can be used for either internal or external rotor radial-field machine topologies. It involves analytical solution of Maxwell's equations in stator and rotor slots and annular air-gap/magnet regions. We compare results from this analytical model to corresponding finite-element analyses. We then use it to estimate the cogging torque, induced back-electromotive force, and to study the effects of rotor skewing.
Gas liquefaction using a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube : design criteria and bibliography (1979)

Thesis (Chem.E)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1980.
Security-Enhanced 10, 118-km Single-Channel 40-Gbit/s Transmission Using PSK Y-00 Quantum Stream Cipher (2020)

We demonstrate the first ultra-long haul transmission of Y-00 quantum-noise randomized stream cipher. 40-Gbit/s QPSK signal is encrypted by 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> -level phase randomization with a key. Irreducible security based on signal masking by quantum (shot) noise and adequate signal quality after 10, 118-km SMF transmission are achieved.
A Critical Look at the Use of Group Projects as a Pedagogical Tool (2004)

In business schools across the United States, one of the most common pedagogical tools is the use of groups and group projects. "Passive" instruction (i.e., lecture only) is considered to be an inferior mode of teaching. In this article, the author suggests that the use of group-based projects as pedagogical tools should be reconsidered. Although the problem of free riding in group projects in the real work environment may be mitigated by other factors, free riding in a classroom can result in higher grades for the relatively less motivated students at the cost of lower grades for industrious students.