gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (1996)

Letters1 October 1996Resistance to Thyroid HormoneLeslie J. DeGroot, MDLeslie J. DeGroot, MDUniversity of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Historians have recognized that history is a collection of impressions that can be presented in many ways. Voltaire said that “in all nations, history is disfigured by fable” and “history proves that anything can be proved by history.” However, the sequence of recognition of thyroid hormone receptor mutations as a cause of resistance to thyroid hormone is not as suggested in the editorial by Dr. Sawin [1].The first patients with resistance to thyroid hormone were observed in 1964 by Dr. Loren T. DeWind and were initially studied at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles. Characterization ...References1. Sawin CT. When hormones fail to act [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:625-7. Google Scholar2. Refetoff S, DeWind LT, DeGroot LJ. Familial syndrome combining deaf-mutism, stippled epiphyses, goiter, and abnormally high PBI: possible target organ refractoriness to thyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1967; 27:279-94. Google Scholar3. Bernal J, Refetoff S, DeGroot LJ. Abnormalities of triiodothyronine binding to lymphocyte and fibroblast nuclei from a patient with peripheral tissue resistance to thyroid hormone action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978; 47:1266-72. Google Scholar4. Sakurai A, Takeda K, Ain K, Ceccarelli P, Nakai A, Seino S, et al. Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone associated with a mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the human thyroid hormone receptor β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989; 86:8977-81. Google Scholar5. Takeda K, Sakurai A, DeGroot LJ, Refetoff S. Recessive inheritance of thyroid hormone resistance caused by complete deletion of the protein-coding region of the thyroid hormone receptor β gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992; 74:49-55. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leslie J. DeGroot, MDAffiliations: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThyroid hormone receptor mutants implicated in human hepatocellular carcinoma display an altered target gene repertoireThyroid hormone receptors mutated in liver cancer function as distorted antimorphsMultiple mutations contribute to repression by the v-Erb A oncoprotein 1 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 7Page: 623KeywordsChromosomesCloningFibroblastsMutationPhenotypesResearch laboratoriesThyroid hormones ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Synthesis of telechelic 1,4-polybutadiene by metathesis reactions and borane monomers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of telechelic 1,4-polybutadiene by metathesis reactions and borane monomersT. C. Chung and M. ChasmawalaCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 20, 5137–5144Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00046a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00046a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinematics, control and redundancy resolution of a 9-DoF wheelchair-mounted robotic arm system for ADL tasks (2009)

A wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) system was designed and built to meet the needs of mobility-impaired persons with limitations of upper extremities, and to exceed the capabilities of current devices of this type. The control of this 9-DoF system expands on the conventional control methods and combines the 7-DoF robotic arm control with the 2-DoF power wheelchair control. The 3-degrees of redundancy are optimized to effectively perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and overcome singularities, joint limits and some workspace limitations. The control system is designed for teleoperated or autonomous coordinated Cartesian control, and it offers expandability for future research. Different user-interface devices, including a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) were integrated to the control of the WMRA system. Testing and data collection were performed on human subjects. Various optimized control methods and test results are presented in this paper.
The Controlled Generation of Functional Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

An early substantial loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) is a constant feature of Alzheimer's disease and is associated with deficits in spatial learning and memory. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into BFCN would be a significant step toward a cell replacement therapy. We demonstrate here a method for the derivation of a predominantly pure population of BFCN from hESC cells using diffusible ligands present in the forebrain at developmentally relevant time periods. Overexpression of two relevant human transcription factors in hESC-derived neural progenitors also generates BFCN. These neurons express only those markers characteristic of BFCN, generate action potentials, and form functional cholinergic synapses in murine hippocampal slice cultures. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the transcription factors blocks BFCN generation by the diffusible ligands, clearly demonstrating the factors both necessary and sufficient for the controlled derivation of this neuronal population. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of hESCs into BFCN is a significant step both for understanding mechanisms regulating BFCN lineage commitment and for the development of both cell transplant-mediated therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease and high-throughput screening for agents that promote BFCN survival.
Ribosome Profiling Reveals Pervasive Translation Outside of Annotated Protein-Coding Genes (2014)

Ribosome profiling suggests that ribosomes occupy many regions of the transcriptome thought to be noncoding, including 5' UTRs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Apparent ribosome footprints outside of protein-coding regions raise the possibility of artifacts unrelated to translation, particularly when they occupy multiple, overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Here, we show hallmarks of translation in these footprints: copurification with the large ribosomal subunit, response to drugs targeting elongation, trinucleotide periodicity, and initiation at early AUGs. We develop a metric for distinguishing between 80S footprints and nonribosomal sources using footprint size distributions, which validates the vast majority of footprints outside of coding regions. We present evidence for polypeptide production beyond annotated genes, including the induction of immune responses following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Translation is pervasive on cytosolic transcripts outside of conserved reading frames, and direct detection of this expanded universe of translated products enables efforts at understanding how cells manage and exploit its consequences.
Simultaneous sub second laser welding of polymers with diffractive optics (2010)

The paper presents a novel method for simultaneous transmission welding of polymers using a high power multimode fiber laser. The method utilizes a diffractive optical element which shapes the focused laser beam into the desired weld shape. This kind of optical device enables the use of high power multimode fiber laser which again gives a possibility to use sub-second welding times. Weld quality was assessed in terms of strength (pull test) and visual appearance. The diffractive optics provides an even powerd istribution and only small part of power is lost on the zeroth order. Design of diffractive element gives flexibility with the weld shapes and sizes but the drawback is that these parameters cannot be modified after the production of the element. Using the optics would be more advantageous if multiple parts could be welded at one shot because the part changing time will be a lot longer than the welding time. Results show good weld quality, superior welding speed and high weld strength compared to quasi-simultaneous laser welding of the same material.
Quantitation of polymorphic epithelial mucin: a challenge for biochemists and immunologists (1995)

Polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) is a heavily glycosylated protein present at the apical surface of glandular epithelial cells which is shed into the lumen of epithelial tissue. In carcinomas cell polarisation is lost, PEM is overexpressed and found on the entire cell surface. High amounts of PEM are shed into the circulation of cancer patients. CA 15.3 is the first commercial assay for the detection of PEM. After roughly one decade of use in clinical practice it is considered valuable for breast cancer therapy monitoring and, in the follow up, for early detection of metastatic disease. The extreme polymorphism of this molecule, with its varying number of multiple epitopes and tremendous variation in glycosylation which can mask catcher/tracer epitopes, impairs its precise measurement. A further impediment is complex formation with autoantibodies, as revealed by a recently developed assay.
Nanocomposites of C3N4with Layers of MoS2and Nitrogenated RGO, Obtained by Covalent Cross-Linking: Synthesis, Characterization, and HER Activity (2017)

Generation of hydrogen by photochemical, electrochemical, and other means is a vital area of research today, and a variety of materials have been explored as catalysts for this purpose. C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>, and nitrogenated RGO (NRGO) are some of the important catalytic materials investigated for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reaction, but the observed catalytic activities are somewhat marginal. Prompted by preliminary reports that covalent cross-linking of 2D materials to generate heteroassemblies or nanocomposites may have beneficial effect on the catalytic activity, we have synthesized nanocomposites wherein C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is covalently bonded to MoS<sub>2</sub> or NRGO nanosheets. The photochemical HER activity of the C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite is found to be remarkable with an activity of 12778 μmol h<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and a turnover frequency of 2.35 h<sup>-1</sup>. The physical mixture of C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub>, on the other hand, does not exhibit notable catalytic activity. Encouraged by this result, we have studied electrochemical HER activity of these composites as well. C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-MoS<sub>2</sub> shows superior activity relative to a physical mixture of MoS<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to understand the HER activity of the nanocomposites. Charge-transfer between the components and greater planarity of cross-linked layers are important causes of the superior catalytic activity of the nanocomposites. Covalent linking of such 2D materials appears to be a worthwhile strategy for catalysis and other applications.
Effect of metal contacts on the electrical characteristics of Al2O3 dielectric thin films (2008)

The effect of top metal electrodes on the electrical characteristics of Al2O3 metal-insulator-metal capacitors is studied. The leakage current and breakdown characteristics were observed to have a strong dependence on the electrode material. Devices with Al electrodes exhibited significantly higher breakdown voltages compared to devices with Au, Ni, Cu, and Ag electrodes. Introducing an Al diffusion barrier dramatically increased the breakdown field and reduced the leakage current for capacitors with Ag, Au, and Cu electrodes. The electrical characteristics were found to relate well to material properties of the contacting metals, such as ionization potential and diffusion coefficient.
Dynamic Feedback between Land Use and Hydrology for Ecosystem Services Assessment (2014)

Ecosystem services assessment requires an integrated approach, as it is influenced by elements such as climate, hydrology and socio-economics, which in turn influence each other. However, there are few studies that integrate these elements in order to assess ecosystem services. Absence of integrated approach to modelling hydrological and land-use changes, for instance, often oversights the dynamic feedback between the two processes. Dynamic changes in land-use should be fed into hydrological models and vice-versa at each time-step for a more realistic representation. In this study, this approach is demonstrated with a case study of the uThukela catchment, South Africa. There is an increasing pressure on grasslands in the catchment. The grassland supports livestock grazing, one of the main economic and social service for the communal farmers. High livestock population causes degradation of the grasslands, and increasing demand for agricultural lands decreases the extent of the grazing lands. In addition, this is further influenced by changes in climate, and has multiple impacts, such as increased erosion and changing flow regime. The SITE (SImulation of Terrestrial Environments) land-use change model and the SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) hydrological model were coupled at code level to account for these processes. The two models exchange land-use maps (from SITE) and biomass production (from SWIM). SWIM was modified to produce biomass output. Grassland capacity for grazing service is determined through biomass coming from SWIM. Likewise, the simulated land-use change is passed back to the hydrological model to determine effects of land-use change on hydrological components. Preliminary result of the interactions between the two models and its use for estimating grazing capacity show that through the coupled models, sustainable level of grassland grazing locations were easily identifiable.
ALU based address generation for RAMs (2012)

Memory Built-In Self-Test has become a standard industrial practice. Its quality is mainly determined by its fault detection capability in combination with its required area overhead. Address Generators have a significant contribution to the area overhead. Previously published schemes have proposed the address generator implementations based on counter modules. In this work we present an ALU-based address generator implementation; the proposed scheme present lower hardware overhead compared to the previously proposed one, provided the availability of the ALU or the counter in the circuit.
The Activity of the Vinculin Binding Sites in Talin Is Influenced by the Stability of the Helical Bundles That Make Up The Talin Rod (2006)

The talin rod contains approximately 11 vinculin binding sites (VBSs), each defined by hydrophobic residues in a series of amphipathic helices that are normally buried within the helical bundles that make up the rod. Consistent with this, talin failed to compete for binding of the vinculin Vd1 domain to an immobilized talin polypeptide containing a constitutively active VBS. However, talin did bind to GST-Vd1 in pull-down assays, and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements indicate a K(d) of approximately 9 mum. Interestingly, Vd1 binding exposed a trypsin cleavage site in the talin rod between residues 898 and 899, indicating that there are one or more active VBSs in the N-terminal part of the talin rod. This region comprises a five helix bundle (residues 482-655) followed by a seven-helix bundle (656-889) and contains five VBSs (helices 4, 6, 9, 11, and 12). The single VBS within 482-655 is cryptic at room temperature. In contrast, talin 482-889 binds Vd1 with high affinity (K(d) approximately 0.14 mum), indicating that one or more of the four VBSs within 656-889 are active, and this likely represents the vinculin binding region in intact talin. In support of this, hemagglutinin-tagged talin 482-889 localized efficiently to focal adhesions, whereas 482-655 did not. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a strong negative correlation between Vd1 binding and helical bundle stability, and a 755-889 mutant with a more stable fold bound Vd1 much less well than wild type. We conclude that the stability of the helical bundles that make up the talin rod is an important factor determining the activity of the individual VBSs.
Electrostatic cluster formation in lipid monolayers (2010)

We study phase separation in mixed monolayers of neutral and highly negatively charged lipids, induced by the addition of divalent positively charged counterions. We find good agreement between experiments on mixtures of pip2 and sopc and simulations of a simplified model in which only the essential electrostatic interactions are retained. Thus, our results support an interpretation of pip2 clustering as governed primarily by electrostatic interactions, in which divalent ions such as calcium mediate an effective attraction between like-charged lipids. Surprisingly, the mediated attractions are strong enough to give nearly complete phase separation, so that clusters can even form when the overall concentration of pip2 is low, as is the case in the cell membrane.
The structure of chitinases and prospects for structure-based drug design (1995)

Many fungi, including pathogenic strains, require proper chitin metabolism to assure normal cell wall replication. Chitinase hydrolyzes chitin; inhibition of endogenous chitinases or application of extracellular chitinases can disrupt fungal division. It is possible that chitinase inhibitors could be used as antifungal agents. We have solved the X-ray structure of a class II chitinase from barley and proposed a mechanism of action. The enzyme has a structural core similar to lysozyme and probably acts in a similar catalytic manner. The enzyme structure can, in principle, be used to identify small molecules that will bind avidly to the active site and act as inhibitors. Those inhibitors that embody transition state geometry are likely to be particularly effective. Key words: chitinase, mechanism of action, drug design.
A Validated HPTLC Densitometric Method for Determination of Lupeol, β-Sitosterol and Rotenone in Tephrosia purpurea: A Seasonal Study (2019)

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., commonly known as "sarpunkha" and "wild indigo", is being used in traditional systems of medicine to treat liver disorders, spleen and kidney. In the present study, a validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was established for the estimation of lupeol, β-sitosterol and rotenone in various extracts of T. purpurea with the aim to see the effect of seasons on the quantity of aforesaid phytoconstituents. The plant material was collected in summer (April), rainy (August) and winter (December) during 2013-2014 from Lucknow, India. The method was validated in terms of precision, repeatability, specificity, sensitivity linearity and robustness. The method permits reliable quantification and showed good resolution on silica gel with toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (9:1:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase, and characteristic bands of β-sitosterol, rotenone and lupeol were observed at Rf 0.38, 0.45 and 0.52, respectively. The content of aforesaid phytoconstituents varies from season to season and extract to extract. Our finding indicated that winter season (December) may not be appropriate for collection of T. purpurea for the preparation of therapeutic formulations because of the high content of rotenone, a known insecticide that is responsible for Parkinson's disease and associated with heart failure, fatty liver and liver necrosis.
ODS: ordering DNA sequences—a physical mapping algorithm based on simulated annealing (1993)

In the program ODS we provide a methodology for quickly ordering random clones into a physical map. The process of ordering individual clones with respect to their position along a chromosome is based on the similarity of binary signatures assigned to each clone. This binary signature is obtained by hybridizing each clone to a panel of oligonucleotide probes. By using the fact that the amount of overlap between any two clones is reflected in the similarity of their binary signatures, it is possible to reconstruct a chromosome by minimizing the sum of linking distances between an ordered sequence of clones. Unlike other programs for physical mapping, ODS is very general in the types of data that can be utilized for chromosome reconstruction. Any trait that can be scored in a presence--absence manner, such as hybridized synthetic oligonucleotides, restriction endonuclease recognition sites or single copy landmarks, can be used for analysis. Furthermore, the computational requirements for the construction of large physical maps can be measured in a matter of hours on work-stations such as the VAX2000.
A sub-0.5V, 1.5&#x00B5;W rail-to-rail constant g<inf>m</inf> opamp and its filter application (2012)

A low voltage, low power opamp utilizing normal NMOS and native transistor differential pairs as the input stage was implemented in a conventional 0.18μm CMOS process. The undesired conduction path of the native transistor differential pair at high input common-mode voltages was eliminated using an improved current control stage such that a supply voltage of <;0.5V was achieved. The g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> variations of the opamp input stage were measured to be <;6.9% for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ranging from 0.45V to 1V with a total current consumption of ~3μA. A Sallen-Key low-pass biquad filter with a cut-off frequency at 7.3kHz was designed based on the proposed opamp. For a 0.5V supply, a THD of <;-57dB at 1.25kHz was measured for a 400mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-P</sub> output swing.
Establish an allele-specific real-time PCR for Leishmania species identification (2022)

Our assay provides a rapid and accurate tool for Leishmania species identification which is applicable for species-adapted therapeutic schedule and patient management.
GPON unbundling for multioperator access (2012)

This work aims at considering different unbundling options for the Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) in order to provide multi-operator access and consider the economical impact for the FTTH NGA entrants to deploy such alternatives. We show that deploying WDM networks is an efficient strategy to perform LLU while upgrading the GPON network for the new era where high bandwidths are necessary for satisfying customers' demand. In areas with high population density, WDM techniques are the most suitable for entrant operators to access the incumbent's network and provide service.