gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Deformation Corrections in Electrical Impedance Tomography (2008)

Abstract—Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) uses the difference in measurements between surface electrodes to reconstruct an image of the conductivity of the contained medium. However, changes in measurements result from changes in internal conductivity and changes in the shape of the medium relative to the electrode positions. Failure to account for shape changes results in a conductivity image with significant artifacts. Previous work to address shape changes in EIT has shown that: a) theoretically, for an infinite number of electrodes, non-conformal changes in boundary shapes and electrode locations can be uniquely determined (Lionheart, 1998); and b) in some cases, conductivity and shape changes can be recovered using a combined image reconstruction model of both conductivity and shape changes (Soleimani et al, 2006). This work has shown that the shape change problem can be partially addressed. In this paper, we explore the limits of compensation for boundary movement in EIT, using three approaches: first, a theoretical model is developed to separate a deformation vector field into conformal and non-conformal components, from which the reconstruction limits may be determined; next, finite element models are constructed from which EIT measurements are simulated; finally, an experimental phantom is constructed using a deformable gasket and stainless steel electrodes in a saline medium, from which boundary deformation measurements are acquired.
Interleukin 5 enhances interleukin 4‐induced IgE production by normal human B cells. The role of soluble CD23 antigen (1988)

Interleukin 4 (IL 4)-induced IgE production by peripheral blood lymphocytes and tonsil cells from normal donors was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by IL 5. IL 5 tested alone was not effective. The synergistic effects of IL 5 were most pronounced at suboptimal IL 4 concentrations, whereas at saturating IL 4 concentrations (200-300 U/ml), IL 5 had no effect. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody 25 directed against the CD23 antigen, that blocked IL 4-induced IgE synthesis, also inhibited the production of IgE in the presence of combinations of IL 4 and IL 5, indicating that IL 5 potentiates the activation pathway through which IL 4 induces IgE production. In contrast, IL 4 (50 U/ml) blocked IL 5-induced IgA synthesis. IL 5 was ineffective in inducing the release of soluble CD23 (sCD23), but in the presence of IL 4 an enhanced release of sCD23 was observed, provided IL 4 was present at suboptimal concentrations. IFN-gamma completely blocked sCD23 release induced by IL 4 and IL 5. These results demonstrate that there is a strong quantitative correlation between sCD23 release and induction of IgE synthesis. sCD23 fraction-correlation between sCD23 release and induction of IgE synthesis. sCD23 fractionated from the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line RPMI 8866 was ineffective in inducing IgE production. However, sCD23 acted synergistically with suboptimal concentrations of IL 4. sCD23 did not modulate the IgE response at saturating concentrations of IL 4. Collectively, these data indicate that sCD23 plays an important regulatory role in the modulation of IL 4-induced IgE synthesis mediated by IFN-gamma and IL 5.
28. Promoters for the dropwise condensation of steam. Part II. Preparation of compounds containing polyfunctional sulphur groups (1957)

L. C. F. Blackman and M. J. S. Dewar, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 165 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000165
Structure of plasma sphingadienine (1969)

The dienic long-chain base (sphingadienine) of human plasma sphingomyelins has been identified as d-erythro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-4-trans-14-cis-octadecadiene. A similar sphingosine was also detected in plasma sphingomyelins of rat, rabbit, and cat. The key reaction in the structural studies was partial reduction of sphingadienine with hydrazine to cis-14-sphingenine and 4-sphingenine.
CaBi<inf>4</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>15</inf>/PZT sol-gel composite for high temperature ultrasonic transducers (2013)

New sol-gel composite made by CaBi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sub> (CBT) piezoelectric powder and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sol-gel was investigated for high temperature ultrasonic transducer applications. CBT was chosen because of relatively high Curie temperature, ~790°C. PZT sol-gel was chosen because of high dielectric constant. In order to investigate high temperature performance of CBT/PZT, CBT/PZT films were fabricated onto the metal plate substrates and then the reflected echoes from the substrate were monitored from room temperature up to 550°C. The signal strength was compared with bismuth titanate (BIT)/PZT and PZT/PZT. As a result, the echoes were confirmed from CBT/PZT and BIT/PZT samples at 550°C.
Importance Ranking of Parameters Affecting Reactor Dynamics Using the Taguchi Method (2010)

In the simulation of nuclear plant behavior through system codes, there are often uncertainties associated with the large number of model parameters required as code inputs. The use of the Taguchi method is investigated for the importance ranking of uncertainties when a single metric is used to characterize system performance. The proposed procedure is illustrated on a simplified boiling water reactor (BWR) model to determine the dominant parameters affecting the maximum limit cycle amplitude (MLCA) in BWRs. A reduced-order BWR model is used for the analysis. A regression model is also generated to predict the MLCA as a function of the parameter values in their assumed uncertainty regions. The results indicate that (a) 7 out of the 11 parameters (factors) under consideration have a significant impact on the MLCA, (b) a linear regression model can be constructed to predict the MLCA with 88% confidence, (c) higher-order effects of the control factors are negligible, and, (d) cross effects between the factors are negligible compared to their individual effects. The results also indicate that the use of the Taguchi method leads to a 99.4% reduction in the computational effort over a full factorial experiment design. The use of the Taguchi method is not proposed to replace the well-established conventional methods for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis but rather to assist them in the selection of the parameters that may require more detailed analysis.
Vaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging (2018)

The unprecedented increase of life expectancy challenges society to protect the elderly from morbidity and mortality making vaccination a crucial mean to safeguard this population. Indeed, infectious diseases, such as influenza and pneumonia, are among the top killers of elderly people in the world. Elderly individuals are more prone to severe infections and less responsive to vaccination prevention, due to immunosenescence combined with the progressive increase of a proinflammatory status characteristic of the aging process (inflammaging). These factors are responsible for most age-related diseases and correlate with poor response to vaccination. Therefore, it is of utmost interest to deepen the knowledge regarding the role of inflammaging in vaccination responsiveness to support the development of effective vaccination strategies designed for elderly. In this review we analyse the impact of age-associated factors such as inflammaging, immunosenescence and immunobiography on immune response to vaccination in the elderly, and we consider systems biology approaches as a mean for integrating a multitude of data in order to rationally design vaccination approaches specifically tailored for the elderly.
Paramyxovirus V Proteins Disrupt the Fold of the RNA Sensor MDA5 to Inhibit Antiviral Signaling (2013)

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) senses cytoplasmic viral RNA and activates antiviral innate immunity. To reveal how paramyxoviruses counteract this response, we determined the crystal structure of the MDA5 adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-hydrolysis domain in complex with the viral inhibitor V protein. The V protein unfolded the ATP-hydrolysis domain of MDA5 via a β-hairpin motif and recognized a structural motif of MDA5 that is normally buried in the conserved helicase fold. This leads to disruption of the MDA5 ATP-hydrolysis site and prevention of RNA-bound MDA5 filament formation. The structure explains why V proteins inactivate MDA5, but not RIG-I, and mutating only two amino acids in RIG-I induces robust V protein binding. Our results suggest an inhibition mechanism of RLR signalosome formation by unfolding of receptor and inhibitor.
Strategies for the Synthesis of Sesquiterpene Natural Products (2014)

Chapter 1. Ring-Opening Knoevenagel Strategy for the Synthesis of Alpha-Carboalkoxy Cyclopentenones and Their Use in the Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. The Diels-Alder reaction has enabled the synthesis of hundreds of natural products efficiently and with high levels of stereocontrol. Despite over eight decades of development, this reaction is incapable of forming hydrindane ring junctions from alphahydro beta-alkyl cyclopentenones. As such, we used alpha-carboalkoxy cyclopentenones as synergistic dienophiles, but exposed a lack of synthetic tools for assembling strained bicyclic cyclopentenones. We addressed this paucity by developing a ring-opening Knoevenagel reaction for synthesizing these synergistic dienophiles with varying degrees of substitution. The 6 step protecting group free total synthesis of a structurally similar natural product merrekentrone D was achieved to demonstrate the utility of the new method. In addition, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition with these molecules with the Danishefsky-Kitahara diene were studied. The variability of the ring-opening Knoevenagel reaction also led to the development of a decarboxylative Diels-Alder cycloaddition which is degenerate with the alpha-hydro beta-alkyl cyclopentenone Diels- Alder reaction. The hydrindane structures are referred to as iso-Hajos-Parrish ketones which we subsequently demonstrate as powerful building blocks for natural product total synthesis. Chapter 2. Synthetic Studies Towards the Shizukaol Family of Oligomeric Sesquiterpene Natural Products The shizukaol family of oligomeric natural products are one of three oligomeric sesquiterpene families. Three different generations of synthetic strategies towards the unstable and dimeric precursor lindenatriene were studied. The use of the iso-Hajos-Parrish ketone enabled a 10 step, protecting group free, total synthesis of the intermediate. In addition the formation of unnatural dimers was achieved as well as several unexpected results which led to the generalization of our strategy to other natural product families. Chapter 3. Iso-Hajos-Parrish Ketones: Common Intermediates for Sesquiterpene Total Syntheses The three step synthesis of the cyclopropane substituted iso-Hajos-Parrish ketone enabled rapid access to other sesquiterpene families. Through reductase phases the total synthesis of sarcandralactone was achieved in 10 steps without the use of any protecting groups. Studies were also conducted towards achieving the trans-hydrindane ring as a synthetic equivalent to a trans-Diels-Alder paradigm, which was not realized. Additionally, cyclopropane opening of the iso-Hajos-Parrish ketone led to highly oxidized eudesmane skeletons. Our attempts to hydrogenate these molecules in the reductase phase inspired a 6 step total synthesis of des-methyl pinguisone with a strikingly different sesquiterpene framework. Finally, an analysis of redox conservation in total synthesis and the generality of this chemistry to the total synthesis of sesquiterpene natural products will be presented.
Expression and characterization of an active and thermally more stable recombinant antifreeze polypeptide from ocean pout, Macrozoarces americanus, in Escherichia coli improved expression by the modification of the secondary structure of the mRNA (1991)

The cDNA clone coding for the ocean pout antifreeze polypeptide (AFP) was modified to improve translation of its mRNA in Escherichia coli. A recombinant AFP (rAFP), MetLys-AFP-Lys, was expressed successfully using the lambda PL promoter, and constituted 1-2% of total bacterial proteins. The rAFP was purified to homogeneity from the soluble fractions of bacterial extracts. Its identity was confirmed by amino acid analysis, automated Edman degradation, immuno-blot and activity measurements. Although the rAFP is indistinguishable from the authentic AFP in its secondary structure, thermal hysteretic activity and the alteration of ice crystal structure, it is, however, thermally more stable (approximately 4.5 degrees C increase in Tm) and is more effective in inhibiting ice growth along the a-axis. These investigations indicate that the extra amino acids in rAFP significantly improve the thermal stability and ice-binding activity of the polypeptide.
Track Parameter Estimation from Multipath Delay Information (1987)

It is desired to track the location of an underwater acoustic source with range difference measurements from a stationary passive array. Many times, the array has only one or two sensors, and the multipath and intersensor range difference measurements are insufficient to localize and track a source moving along an arbitrary path [1]. Here, we propose to track sources with one- or two-sensur stationary passive arrays by making the simplifying assumption that the source's path can be described by a small set of so-called track parameters. Range difference information can then be used to estimate the track parameter set rather than the source location as a function of time. In this paper, we choose the track parameters to specify a straight-line constant-velocity constant-depth path. Cramer-Rao bounds are presented for estimating these track parameters from the time history of multipath and intersensor range difference measurements. It is shown that this track parameter set cannot be accurately estimated from the time history of a single multipath range difference without side information (an independent velocity estimate, for instance), although multipath and intersensor range difference measurements from a two-sensor array are generally sufficient to estimate the track parameter set. Computationally efficient techniques are presented which estimate track parameters from range difference measurements taken from one- and two-sensor arrays. Monte-Carlo simulations are presented which show that these techniques have sample mean-square error approximately equal to the Cramer-Rao bound when a single multipath range difference and an independent velocity estimate are available. The sample mean-square error is shown to be in the range of two to ten times the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds when these techniques are applied to two-sensor range difference data.
Applications potentielles de Y. lipolytica comme système d'expression de protéines hétérologues (2009)

National audience
Generation of Transducers for Fluorescence-Based Microarrays with Enhanced Sensitivity and Their Application for Gene Expression Profiling (2003)

The present paper describes a novel generation of microchips suitable for fluorescence-based assays, such as cDNA, oligonucleotide, or protein microarrays. The new transducers consist of a fully corrugated surface coated with a thin layer of Ta2O5 as a high refractive index material. Tuning of the incident excitation light beam to abnormal reflection geometry results in a confinement of the energy within the thin metal oxide layer. Consequently, strong evanescent fields are generated at the surface of these microchips and fluorophores located within the fields showed up to a 2 order of magnitude increase in fluorescence intensities relative to the epifluorescence signals. We have attributed this phenomenon as evanescent resonance (ER). Due to the surface architecture, propagation distances of the incident energy and fluorescence photons are in the micrometer range, thus preventing cross talk between adjacent regions. ER microchips offer a significant increase in fluorescence intensities in both "snapshot" fluorescence setups and commercial fluorescence scanners. The underlying principle of the novel chips is explained, and quantitative data on the fluorescence enhancement are provided. To demonstrate their potential, the novel chips are used to investigate the dependence of expression levels from metabolic genes in rat liver on drug treatment. In contrast to competitive hybridization, labeled samples were hybridized to individual ER microchips, and changes were observed by comparing with normalized data from different chips. Results obtained in gene expression profiling experiments with phenobarbital-treated rats are shown.
Increasing Donor Liver Utilization Through Machine Perfusion (2019)

Yeh, Heidi M.D.; Uygun, Korkut Ph.D.Editor(s): Corey, Kathleen E.3; Malhi, Harmeet4 Author Information
Current-to-current converter for mesh-like scientific underwater cable networks - a compact-sized prototype (2005)

Power feeding is the most challenging technical issue to realize mesh-like underwater cable networks of scientific observatories which enable long-term continuous three dimensional and real-time observations. The authors developed a new prototype of the current-to-current converter, which is the key device to realize a constant current power feeding system. The results show that the compact-sized current-to-current converter having good electrical characteristics is feasible
Modern Chromatographic Separation Technologies for Isolation of Dairy Ingredients (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Isolation of Dairy Components Using Resin-Based Chromatography Membrane Adsorption Chromatography (MAC) Conclusions
Device analysis of MBE HgCdTe p-on-n photovoltaic detectors in 5- to 15-μm wavelength range (2004)

An attempt is made to connect the material parameters of Hg<sub>1-x</sub>Cd<sub>x</sub>Te layer growth to the parameters measured following photovoltaic detector fabrication. We found that the Cd composition X value extracted from spectral response measurements on detectors at 78 K are lower than the X values obtained from the room temperature transmission measurements, or the X value used to fit the measured material minority carrier lifetime versus temperature data. The lateral collection length L<sub>c</sub> that determines the thermally generated carriers that contribute to the diffusion current and L<sub>opt</sub> extracted from the "flood-illuminated" to "focused-spot" photocurrent ratio are in excellent agreement. Devices exhibit near theoretical R<sub>o</sub>A uniformity at 77K for MWIR, LWIR and VLWIR. R<sub>o</sub>A<sub>opt</sub> was also found to be uniform throughout the range of detector dimensions measured such as 8 &#956;m diameter circular to 250 &#956;m x 250 &#956;m square. Median R<sub>o</sub>A<sub>opt</sub> values are 1266, 66 and 0.75 ohm-cm<sup>2</sup> for the 9.7, 11.3 and 15.4 &#956;m cutoff wavelengths respectively. The uniformity in R<sub>o</sub>A<sub>opt</sub> confirms that the detector performance is limited by the bulk properties of the material, and not by surface effects.
Trinuclear Cyanines (TNCs) Revisited: A New Class of Electrochromics by Intramolecular π/σ Switching (2006)

The Y-shaped π systems in trinuclear cyanines can, through a formal two-electron transfer, form a core methylenecyclopropane unit with three shorter, isolated π systems (see picture). Studies of the spectroelectrochemistry verify the reversibility of this redox reaction, which has an unusually pronounced electrochromism.
Cross-layer routing on MIMO-OFDM underwater acoustic links (2012)

UnderWater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) are experiencing a rapid growth, due to their high relevance to commercial and military applications such as oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, and tactical surveillance. However, the design of efficient communication protocols for underwater sensor networks is still an open research problem due to the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel such as limited bandwidth, high and variable propagation delays, and significant multipath and scattering. In this paper, we consider multimedia underwater monitoring applications with heterogeneous traffic demands in terms of bandwidth and end-to-end reliability. Distributed routing algorithms are introduced for delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive applications, with the objective of reducing the energy consumption by i) leveraging the tradeoff between multiplexing and diversity gain that characterizes MIMO links, and ii) allocating transmit power on suitable subcarriers according to channel conditions and application requirements. To achieve the objective above, each node jointly i) selects its next hop, ii) chooses a suitable transmission mode, and iii) assigns optimal transmit power on different subcarriers to achieve a target level of Quality of Service (QoS) in a cross-layer fashion. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is adaptive to the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel, and achieves excellent performance through local cooperations between transmitter and receiver.
Neural Network-Based Adaptive Tracking Control for a Class of Nonlinear Singularly Perturbed Systems (2019)

In this paper, the neural network-based adaptive tracking control method is addressed for a class of multi-input affine unknown nonlinear singularly perturbed systems. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem and by utilizing the neural networks to approximate the unknown nonlinear function, an adaptive neural network controller is constructed for the singularly perturbed nonlinear systems. Meanwhile, the proposed design method can avoid ill-conditioned numerical problems that often occur in the feedback design for singularly perturbed systems. It is proved that the proposed controller can ensure that semi-global ultimately uniformly boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop systems while the target signals converge to a small neighborhood of the desired signal. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
MISR Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (2003)

This viewgraph presentation reviews the concept of the Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), a methodology to use the MISR to retrieve aerosols over water and land. The presentation shows some of the results of the use of the MISR in graphs and charts. Multi-angle remote sensing provides unique ways of retrieving aerosol properties over many surface types, including bright deserts which are major source regions.