gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic measurement of bubble size distributions: Theory and experiments (1996)

Among methods of measurement of bubble size distributions, a successful acoustic method has advantages in that bubbles are very responsive to sound, large volumes may be sampled, and the method can be inexpensive. However, inversion of the data to recover the bubble density is difficult. In the present work a model for sound propagation in bubbly liquids is used to develop two Fredholm integral equations of the first kind relating the attenuation and phase velocity to the bubble density. These equations are ill-posed, and require special solution. New solution algorithms based on a constrained minimization method were developed. These were first tested on analytical data with added noise, and were successful in recovering the bubble density. Bubble populations were then generated using electrolysis and air injection. Short bursts of sound at different frequencies were generated at a source, and received at a hydrophone after passage through the medium. The attenuation and phase velocity were obtained, along with other information, that are used to develop constraints on the solution. Results obtained for the bubble population are compared with microphotography and show that the method is accurate. In ongoing work an integrated PC-based instrument is being developed. [Work supported by NSF.]
Joint bit allocation and dimensions optimization for vector transform quantization (1993)

In vector transform quantization (VTQ), vectors consisting of M consecutive samples of a waveform are transformed into a set of M coefficients that are quantized by m<<M vector quantizers. The bit allocation problem in the transform domain is considered for a memoryless stationary vector source encoded by a VTQ system. It is assumed that the vector quantizer parameters (dimension, codebook size) are subject to a complexity constraint. The vector quantization lower bound on the attainable distortion at a given (high) rate is used for deriving the bit allocation algorithm for given vector dimensions. Then, the joint optimization of vector dimensions and bit allocations is considered. Given a complexity constraint, the optimal dimensions depend on the bit allocation, which, in turn, depends on the dimensions. An iterative algorithm is proposed for solving this problem.<<ETX>>
Bayesian probability analysis: a prospective demonstration of its clinical utility in diagnosing coronary disease. (1984)

One hundred fifty-four patients referred for coronary arteriography were prospectively studied with stress electrocardiography, stress thallium scintigraphy, cine fluoroscopy (for coronary calcifications), and coronary angiography. Pretest probabilities of coronary disease were determined based on age, sex, and type of chest pain. These and pooled literature values for the conditional probabilities of test results based on disease state were used in Bayes' theorem to calculate posttest probabilities of disease. The results of the three noninvasive tests were compared for statistical independence, a necessary condition for their simultaneous use in Bayes' theorem. The test results were found to demonstrate pairwise independence in patients with and those without disease. Some dependencies that were observed between the test results and the clinical variables of age and sex were not sufficient to invalidate application of the theorem. Sixty-eight of the study patients had at least one major coronary artery obstruction of greater than 50%. When these patients were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-probability subgroups according to their pretest probabilities, noninvasive test results analyzed by Bayesian probability analysis appropriately advanced 17 of them by at least one probability subgroup while only seven were moved backward. Of the 76 patients without disease, 34 were appropriately moved into a lower probability subgroup while 10 were incorrectly moved up. We conclude that posttest probabilities calculated from Bayes' theorem more accurately classified patients with and without disease than did pretest probabilities, thus demonstrating the utility of the theorem in this application.
Salicylic acid activates a 48-kD MAP kinase in tobacco. (1997)

The involvement of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction pathway leading to pathogenesis-related gene induction has previously been demonstrated using kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. Here, we show that in tobacco suspension cells, SA induced a rapid and transient activation of a 48-kD kinase that uses myelin basic protein as a substrate. This kinase is called the p48 SIP kinase (for SA-Induced Protein kinase). Biologically active analogs of SA, which induce pathogenesis-related genes and enhanced resistance, also activated this kinase, whereas inactive analogs did not. Phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue(s) in the SIP kinase was associated with its activation. The SIP kinase was purified to homogeneity from SA-treated tobacco suspension culture cells. The purified SIP kinase is strongly phosphorylated on a tyrosine residue(s), and treatment with either protein tyrosine or serine/threonine phosphatases abolished its activity. Using primers corresponding to the sequences of internal tryptic peptides, we cloned the SIP kinase gene. Analysis of the SIP kinase sequence indicates that it belongs to the MAP kinase family and that it is distinct from the other plant MAP kinases previously implicated in stress responses, suggesting that different members of the MAP kinase family are activated by different stresses.
High resolution optical images (2015)

Fig.1 (a) The optical image of a NW, sliding on the Si substrate at a constant speed due to the push from a W tip. (b) Mechanical loading model for the sliding NW. Fig.2 The optical images of a NW (a) rest on the Si substrate, (b) being pushed horizontally and bent, (c) being pushed and pressed, and (d) being pulled and pressed by the W tip 1; (e) being pushed and pressed and (f) being pulled and pressed by the W tip 2. The insets in (b)–(e) show the contact configuration between the W tip and the NW, where the arrows describe the direction of the force, F, acted on the NW from the W tip. Fig.3 The bent NW slid on the (a) Si substrate pushed by tip 1, (b) Si substrate pushed by tip 2, and (c) SiN substrate by tip 2. (d) Frictional shear stresses on Si and SiN substrates plotted as a function of the NW length. (e) Roughness of the Si and SiN substrates measured by AFM.
Expression and comparison of recombinant cholesterol oxidases (COD) in Escherichia coli with native cholesterol oxidase expressed in Brevibacterium sp. (2011)

The structure and bio-activity of an endogenous cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium sp. was compared to the same enzyme exogenously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with and without N- or C-terminal his-tags. The different proteins were purified with affinity and subtractive protocols. The specific activity of the natural enzyme from Brevibacterium sp. was 17.5 ± 0.2 U/mg, while the activities of the exogenously expressed forms were 16 ± 0.3 U/mg for non-tagged enzyme from E. coli , 12 ± 0.1 U/mg for the N-terminal his-tagged enzyme, and 4 ± 0.3 U/mg for C-terminal his-tagged enzyme. Circular dichroism revealed that the added histidine residues altered the natural folding of the enzyme. The natural cholesterol oxidase was composed of 39% α-helix, 40% β-sheet, and 20% random coil, while the non-tagged enzyme was composed of 40% α-helix, 35% β-sheet, and 24% random coil. In contrast, the N-terminal his-tagged enzyme was composed of 45% α-helix, 29% β-sheet, and 25% random coil, and the C-terminal his-tagged enzyme was composed of 55% α-helix, 16% β-sheet, and 28% random coil. Hydrophobic fluorescence analysis revealed that the hydrophobicity of the enzyme was reduced by his-tags. Coenzyme-like fluorescent probe binding analysis indicated that the coenzyme binding site should be blocked by his-tags. The his-tag method for protein isolation can disrupt the catalytic activity of the cholesterol oxidase. Key words : Cholesterol oxidase; Brevibacterium sp.; Escherichia coli; structural disruption, His-tags.
Behavioral Therapies for Management of Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review (2015)

There is limited evidence that physical behavioral techniques for PE improve IELT and other outcomes over waitlist and that behavioral therapies combined with drug treatments give better outcomes than drug treatments alone. Further RCTs are required to assess psychotherapeutic approaches to PE.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (2006)

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) is a rare hereditary complex disorder characterized by the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), unilateral or bilateral pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and other hyperplasia and/or neoplasia of different endocrine tissues within a single patient. MEN2 has been reported in approximately 500 to 1000 families worldwide and the prevalence has been estimated at approximately 1:30,000. Two different forms, sporadic and familial, have been described for MEN2. Sporadic form is represented by a case with two of the principal MEN2-related endocrine tumors. The familial form, which is more frequent and with an autosomal pattern of inheritance, consists of a MEN2 case with at least one first degree relative showing one of the characteristic endocrine tumors. Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) is a subtype of MEN2 in which the affected individuals develop only medullary thyroid carcinoma, without other clinical manifestations of MEN2. Predisposition to MEN2 is caused by germline activating mutations of the c-RET proto-oncogene on chromosome 10q11.2. The RET gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is the receptor for glial-derived neurotrophic growth factors. The combination of clinical and genetic investigations, together with the improved understanding of the molecular and clinical genetics of the syndrome, helps the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Currently, DNA testing makes possible the early detection of asymptomatic gene carriers, allowing to identify and treat the neoplastic lesions at an earlier stage. In particular, the identification of a strong genotype-phenotype correlation in MEN2 syndrome may enable a more individualized treatment for the patients, improving their quality of life. At present, surgical treatment offers the only chance of cure and therefore, early clinical and genetic detection and prophylactic surgery in subjects at risk are the main therapeutic goal.
Widely Tunable Wavelength Conversion 10 Gb/s Using a Modulated Grating Y-branch Laser Integrated with an Optical Amplifier (2007)

A simple integrated tunable wavelength converter is presented. 10 Gb/s XGM conversion of signals at wavelength 1530-1560 nm to 1531-1556 nm and transmission at 2.5 Gb/s over 25 km SSMF of the converted signals were achieved.
Genomic Evidence for Complex Domestication History of the Cultivated Tomato in Latin America (2019)

The process of plant domestication is often protracted, involving underexplored intermediate stages with important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of domestication traits. Previously, tomato domestication history has been thought to involve two major transitions: one from wild Solanum pimpinellifolium L. to a semidomesticated intermediate, S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (SLC) in South America, and a second transition from SLC to fully domesticated S. lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum in Mesoamerica. In this study, we employ population genomic methods to reconstruct tomato domestication history, focusing on the evolutionary changes occurring in the intermediate stages. Our results suggest that the origin of SLC may predate domestication, and that many traits considered typical of cultivated tomatoes arose in South American SLC, but were lost or diminished once these partially domesticated forms spread northward. These traits were then likely reselected in a convergent fashion in the common cultivated tomato, prior to its expansion around the world. Based on these findings, we reveal complexities in the intermediate stage of tomato domestication and provide insight on trajectories of genes and phenotypes involved in tomato domestication syndrome. Our results also allow us to identify underexplored germplasm that harbors useful alleles for crop improvement.
The role of the macrophage in Marek's disease: In vitro and in vivo studies (1979)

Macrophages form S- and K-strain Leghorn chickens, susceptible and restant to Marek's disease (MD) respectively, were studied to determine the macrophage contribution to the dynamics of MD infection, tumorigenesis and genetic resistance to this disease. In vitro studies demonstrated that macrophages from bothstrains were similar in their responses toward JM strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and JM-1 tumor cells. Macrophages were observed to phagocytize JM virus, but the interiorized virus was not seen to replicate within the macrophage or induce antigenic changes of the cell membrane. Clearance of JM-1 tumor cells was by both cytolytic and phagocytic mechanism. In vivo selective suppression of macrophage functions by antimacrophage serum or trypan blue inoculations resulted in significantly elevated viral titers and increased tumorigenesis, as compared to infected, non-suppressed or non-infected control groups. Results from this study indicate that genetic susceptibility or resistance to MD, as exhibited by S- and K-strain chickens, respectively, is not controlled at the macrophage level. The role of the macrophage in MD infection appears to be specifically surveillance.
Radiation Exposure in the Follow-Up of Patients with Urolithiasis Comparing Digital Tomosynthesis, Non-Contrast CT, Standard KUB, and IVU (2013)

Among the different imaging modalities for follow-up of patients with urolithiasis, DT was associated with the least radiation exposure (0.83 mSv). This ED corresponds to a fifth of NCCT or IVU studies. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of DT for the follow-up of nephrolithiasis patients.
The Best of Both Worlds: Distributed PCA That is Both Exact and Communication Efficient (2022)

The effectiveness of machine learning algorithms largely depends on the goodness of the representation of data. While the massiveness in dimension and amount of modern day data requires dimension reduction and feature extraction for efficient use of available computational resources, the use of un-correlated features is known to enhance the performance of such machine learning algorithms. Thus, an efficient representation learning approach should focus on dimension reduction as well as uncorrelated feature extraction. Even though Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear autoencoders are fundamental data processing tools largely used for dimension reduction, they can also be used to extract uncorrelated features when engineered properly. At the same time, factors like ever-increasing volume of data or inherently distributed data generation impede the use of existing centralized solutions for representation learning that require availability of data at a single location. This paper proposes two variants of an algorithm called FAST-PCA (Fast and exAct diSTributed PCA) based on a feedforward neural network-based system that learn data representations in a distributed setting such that they are reduced in dimension as well as have uncorrelated features. The proposed variants are meant to curb the communication overheads prevalent in the existing solutions and are shown to converge to the exact solutions at a linear rate. These claims are further supported by extensive numerical experiments.
Techniques and Challenges for Characterizing Metal Thin Films with Applications in Photonics (2016)

The proliferation of laser technologies has profoundly increased the demand for high-quality optical thin films whose physical properties are tunable and well defined. Such films are frequently deposited in thicknesses much shorter than the wavelengths of visible light and consequently present challenges for characterization by traditional microscopy. Metal films in particular exemplify these challenges, due to their broad range of refractive indices, optical absorption and often near-complete reflectivity in the visible spectrum. However, due to their relatively consistent crystalline structure, the bulk optical properties of metal thin films are chiefly dependent on their thickness. This review therefore presents a compendium of viable alternative characterization techniques to highlight their respective utilities, limitations and resolutions, specifically with regard to the characterization of the thickness of metal films. Furthermore, this review explicitly addresses the operating theories, methods and analyses relating to the five most predominantly utilized techniques: X-ray Reflectivity (XRR), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). This work is intended as an introductory guide to thin film characterization modalities and their applicability for metal and optically-absorptive films, while also identifying AFM and SEM/EDS as being amongst the more reliable of the techniques.
Trayectoria de la ciencia y la tecnología en la Amazonía (2013)

El presente documento es una propuesta para formular el plan de Desarrollo del Vaupes y la formulacion de los Planes Estrategicos Departamentales de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion, PEDCTI, y la articulacion de aquellas propuestas regionales y departamentales viables y pertinentes con una iniciativa de fortalecimiento de CTeI.
HYDROGENATION OF 1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE IN A TRICKLE BED REACTOR ACCOMPANIED BY PHASE TRANSITION (1986)

This paper examined the evaporation and condensation of the reaction mixture within the trickle bed reactor during 1,5-cyclooctadiene hydrogenation. The aim of study has been to formulate a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer influenced the exothermic reaction of a volatile reaction mixture apt to evaporation by the reaction heat in the system which is often accompanied by a hot spot temperature formation in the reactor followed by the enhancement of undesirable side reactions and/or catalyst deactivation. The numerical solution of the proposed model agreed quite well with the experimental temperature profiles in the trickle bed reactor.
Helhedssyn på fisk og fiskevarer (2003)

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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND FLOW OF CONCENTRATED DISPERSE MEDIA. II - STEADY AND UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS (1985)

Abstract Experimental study of steady flows of heavy crude oil emulsions in rectilinear ducts provides evidence of a non newtonian behaviour in good agreement with viscometric rheological data. Superimposing an unsteady flow on the mean one, the mean flow rate is shown to be strongly increased under conditions depending on the frequency and the values of the mean and oscillatory components of the pressure gradient. The mean features of such an enhancement are then interpreted in relation to the rheological behaviour of the fluid.
A study of transistor degradation in cyber-physical system control devices (2021)

This work presents a plan for investigating transistor aging and degradation in cyber physical systems under attack. The authors discuss the importance of such concerns, particularly with regard to negative bias temperature instability, and an approach to demonstrate the adverse effects of a cyber-attack resulting in premature aging of transistors within a system's digital controllers.
Dispersion Strengthening of High Temperature Niobium Alloys (1988)

Abstract : Niobium base alloys are very attractive as high temperature materials for advanced gas turbine applications. After many conventional metallurgical approaches, a high temperature creep resistant alloy has yet to be identified which will replace nickel base superalloys. The best chance for obtaining high temperature creep resistance in these alloys is through dispersion strengthening with a stable precipitate that is introduced through rapid solidification. This would result in a very fine dispersion of nonshearable precipitates that would not coarsen upon long term exposure at temperatures in excess of 1200 C. A study has been conducted here to identify such a stable dispersion, fabricate alloys through solidification approach and characterize the coarsening of the resulting precipitates. A thermodynamic argument is presented to select candidate dispersions for evaluation. Arc melted and splat quenched alloys were fabricated and evaluated through micro-hardness measurements. An indirect assessment of particle stability is introduced which resulted in a coarsening parameter determined for each candidate precipitate at 1400 C. Microscopic examination of the more stable alloys were made via optical and thin foil TEM analyses. Tensile and strain-rate sensitivity tests were run on these alloys at 1400 C. Niobium, Dispersion strengthening, High temperature strength, Particle coarsening, Refractory metals, Niobium alloys.
Chairside veneering of composite resin to anterior stainless steel crowns: another look. (1995)

The chairside veneering of stainless steel crowns using the technique described in our original article (J Dent Child, 61: 321-326 September-December 1994) has proven to be a very dependable and successful technique for restoring severely damaged primary anterior teeth. In this article an advancement in the technique is described using new light-cured materials that simplify the veneering process and produce thinner veneers. The resulting veneers maintain the adaptability, strength, and gingival contour benefits of the stainless steel crown in conjunction with the cosmetics of composite facings. The chairside technique can be quickly mastered by a dental auxiliary and results in veneered crowns with very high shear and bond strengths.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION COMPOUNDS WITH POLYMERIC CHROMIUM(II)‐SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Polymeren (I) mit Cr(II)‐acetat führt zu den stabilen Schiffschen‐Basen‐Cr(II)‐ Komplexen (II), die IR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden.
Elucidation of Spirodactylone, a Polycyclic Alkaloid from the Sponge Dactylia sp., and Nonenzymatic Generation from the Co-metabolite Denigrin B (2019)

Spirodactylone (1), a hexacyclic indolizidone alkaloid possessing a novel spiro ring system, was isolated from the marine sponge Dactylia sp. The structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including application of the LR-HSQMBC NMR pulse sequence. Oxidative cyclization of denigrin B (2), an aryl-substituted 2-oxo-pyrroline derivative that was also isolated from the sponge extract, provided material identical to spirodactylone (1). This confirmed the assigned structure and provides insight into the probable biogenesis of 1.