gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Collaborative Forecasting on Supply Chain Performance (2001)

We consider a cooperative, two-stage supply chain consisting of two members: a retailer and a supplier. In our first model, called local forecasting, each member updates the forecasts of future demands periodically, and is able to integrate the adjusted forecasts into his replenishment process. Forecast adjustments made at both levels of the supply chain can be correlated. The supply chain has a decentralized information structure, so that day-to-day inventory and forecast information are known locally only. In our second model, named collaborative forecasting, the supply chain members jointly maintain and update a single forecasting process in the system. Hence, forecasting information becomes centralized. Finally, we consider as a benchmark the special case in which forecasts are not integrated into the replenishment processes at all. We propose a unified framework that allows us to study and compare the three types of settings. This study comes at a time when various types of collaborative forecasting partnerships are being experimented within industry, and when the drivers for success or failure of such initiatives are not yet fully understood. In addition to providing some managerial insights into questions that arise in this context, our set of models is tailored to serve as building blocks for future work in this emerging area of research.
Plasmon‐Assisted Directional Infrared Photoluminescence of HgTe Nanocrystals (2023)

Abstract HgTe nanocrystals offer a unique spectral tunability with both absorption and emission covering the near and mid‐infrared as well as the THz window. Nevertheless, a very limited amount of work is dedicated to electroluminescence from this material. An efficient diode not only requires designing a structure that achieves a high electrical efficiency (i.e., efficient electron and hole injections), but also finding a way to efficiently extract the emitted photons. The shift from visible to infrared certainly demands revisiting the strategies proposed for shorter wavelengths (microlens arrays). Here, a metallic grating is used to enhance the photoluminscence signal up to a factor of 4 while enabling directionality in the emission, which is driven by the grating period.
13.4-Tb/s WDM Transmission over 1,280 km Repeated only with PPLN-based Optical Parametric Inline Amplifier (2021)

Inline-amplified 2.1-THz WDM transmission with the longest transmission distance of 1,280 km using OPA-based repeater only is demonstrated. Two-stage PPLN-based OPA offers sufficient gain to compensate losses of standard 80-km fibre span and optical gain equalizer for 640-Gb/s PDM-PS36QAM signals with 100-GHz-spaced 21-ch WDM configuration.
The QR Transformation--Part 2 (1962)

The QR transformation is an analogue to the LR transformation (Rutishauser, 1958) based on unitary transformations. Both these transformations are global iterative methods for finding the eigenvalues of a matrix, the matrix converging in general to triangular form. In Par t1 of this paper the QR transformation was briefly described and we were then principally concerned with proving convergence, the main result being expressed in theorem 3. We also showed that if the matrix is first reduced to almost triangular form important advantages are gained (further advantages will become apparent) and we gave in outline a way in which convergence could be improved. In this part of the paper we consider the practical application of the QR transformation. Two versions of the algorithm have been programmed for the Pegasus computer; these are described and an attempt is made to evaluate the method. Some results and detailed algorithms are given in appendices. Part 1 was published on pp. 265–71 of this volume (Oct. 61).
An Author's Response (1980)

Research Article| July 01 1980 An Author's Response Michael E. Robinson Michael E. Robinson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1980) 2 (4): 4. https://doi.org/10.2307/3377638 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Michael E. Robinson; An Author's Response. The Public Historian 1 July 1980; 2 (4): 4. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3377638 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1980 The Public Historian Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Phosphororganische Verbindungen, XVI. Wege zur Darstellung primärer, sekundärer und tertiärer Phosphine (1958)

Abstract Für die Darstellung von Phosphinen auf reduktivem Wege ergeben sich die folgenden Möglichkeiten: Tertiäre phosphine: aus phosphinoxyden und Phosphinchloriden (R 3 PCI 2 ) mit LiAIH 4 bzw. Na, aus phosphinsulfiden mit Na, NaH, LiAlH 4 und Raney‐Nickel. — Sekundäre phosphine:aus sek. Chlorphosphinen (R 2 PCI), Trichlorphosphoranen (R 2 PCI 3 ), phosphinsäurechloriden (R 2 POCI) Phosphinsäuren bzw. deren Estern (R 2 PO.OR), Phosphinigsäuren (R 2 POH) mit LiAIH 4 (evtl. Na). — Primäre Phosphine:aus primären Chlorphosphinen (RPCI 2 ), Phosphonsäurechloriden (RPOCI 2 ), Phosphonsäureestern (RPO(OR) 2 ) und Phosphonigsäuren (RP(OH) 2) mit LiAIH 4 , LiH und Natrium.
Security Assessment of Time Synchronization Mechanisms for the Smart Grid (2016)

The need to dynamically monitor the modern power grid, react to its disturbances, control, and protect its operations requires the availability of globally synchronized measurement devices. Accurate time synchronization across these devices is as essential as the services they provide. The secure operation of the time supplying mechanisms soar among the main concerns on the path towards the smart grid. In this paper, we overview the mechanisms serving time synchronization for the smart grid. We analyze their security aspects and review their pitfalls. The standardization efforts to meet the grid's timing needs are also presented. Finally, gaps revealed through the analysis are disclosed and mitigation strategies are proposed.
Cascade Adversarial Machine Learning Regularized with a Unified Embedding (2017)

Injecting adversarial examples during training, known as adversarial training, can improve robustness against one-step attacks, but not for unknown iterative attacks. To address this challenge, we first show iteratively generated adversarial images easily transfer between networks trained with the same strategy. Inspired by this observation, we propose cascade adversarial training, which transfers the knowledge of the end results of adversarial training. We train a network from scratch by injecting iteratively generated adversarial images crafted from already defended networks in addition to one-step adversarial images from the network being trained. We also propose to utilize embedding space for both classification and low-level (pixel-level) similarity learning to ignore unknown pixel level perturbation. During training, we inject adversarial images without replacing their corresponding clean images and penalize the distance between the two embeddings (clean and adversarial). Experimental results show that cascade adversarial training together with our proposed low-level similarity learning efficiently enhances the robustness against iterative attacks, but at the expense of decreased robustness against one-step attacks. We show that combining those two techniques can also improve robustness under the worst case black box attack scenario.
Searches for neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions in the Sun using seven years of IceCube data (2021)

Cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere are expected to produce particle showers which in turn produce neutrinos from weak decays of mesons. These solar atmospheric neutrinos (SAs) have never been observed experimentally. A detection would be an important step in understanding cosmic-ray propagation in the inner solar system and the dynamics of solar magnetic fields. SAs also represent an irreducible background to solar dark matter searches and a detection would allow precise characterization of this background.
Quantitative intravital two-photon excitation microscopy reveals absence of pulmonary vaso-occlusion in unchallenged Sickle Cell Disease mice (2014)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that leads to red blood cell (RBC) sickling, hemolysis and the upregulation of adhesion molecules on sickle RBCs. Chronic hemolysis in SCD results in a hyper-inflammatory state characterized by activation of circulating leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells even in the absence of a crisis. A crisis in SCD is often triggered by an inflammatory stimulus and can lead to the acute chest syndrome (ACS), which is a type of lung injury and a leading cause of mortality among SCD patients. Although it is believed that pulmonary vaso-occlusion could be the phenomenon contributing to the development of ACS, the role of vaso-occlusion in ACS remains elusive. Intravital imaging of the cremaster microcirculation in SCD mice has been instrumental in establishing the role of neutrophil-RBC-endothelium interactions in systemic vaso-occlusion; however, such studies, although warranted, have never been done in the pulmonary microcirculation of SCD mice. Here, we show that two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy can be used to perform quantitative analysis of neutrophil and RBC trafficking in the pulmonary microcirculation of SCD mice. We provide the experimental approach that enables microscopic observations under physiological conditions and use it to show that RBC and neutrophil trafficking is comparable in SCD and control mice in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus. The intravital imaging scheme proposed in this study can be useful in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanism of pulmonary vaso-occlusion in SCD mice following an inflammatory stimulus.
In Situ Measurement of Dissolved Hydrogen during the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of DinitrilesMethod and Case Study (2005)

Despite the importance of gas/liquid/solid multiphase systems in the production of chemicals on an industrial scale, measuring the concentration of gases dissolved in the liquid phasea prerequisite for determining basic reaction data such as rate and adsorption constantsremains challenging. Recently, a new permeation probe became available, which allows in situ measurement of gas concentrations in liquids. To evaluate potential applications, the probe was used to follow the concentration of dissolved hydrogen during the cobalt-catalyzed reduction of an aliphatic dinitrile to the corresponding diamine. The changes in the hydrogen saturation level during the reaction were compared to the gas−liquid (G−L) mass transfer characteristics of the reactor as determined by kLa measurements. Under the reaction conditions used, G−L mass transfer became the rate-determining step when the stirring speed was decreased. The permeation probe allowed for evaluating the significance of G−L mass transfer in a straightforward manner.
Experimental and simulated M-shell nickel spectra in the 14.4–18.0 nm region from magnetic fusion devices (2003)

Experimental M-shell nickel spectra in the 14.4-16.5 nm region from the JET tokamak (from both divertor and limiter configurations) and from the reversed field pinch RFX have been simulated. These spectra include lines from five ionization states, namely from K-like N-i9+ to P-like Ni13+ ions. For the JET limiter configuration the spectrum upper wavelength limit was higher (18.0 nm) and lines from Si-like Ni14+ ions were also observed. Collisional-radiative (CR) models have been built for these six Ni ions, considering electron collisional excitation and radiative decay as the main populating processes for the excited states. These models give photon emission coefficients (PECs) for the emitted tines at electron density (n(e)) and temperature (T-e) values corresponding to the experimental situations. Impurity modelling is performed using a 1D impurity transport code, calculating the steady state radial distribution of the Ni ions. The Ni line brightnesses are evaluated in a post-processing subroutine and simulated spectra are obtained. The spectrum from a single ion, in the absence of blendings, depends only on the T-e and n(e) values in the emitting shell of the ionization state considered. On the other hand, the superposition of these spectra depends on the experimental conditions, as a consequence of the fact that the ion charge distribution depends not only on the radial profiles of T-e and n(e) but also on the chosen ionization and recombination rate coefficients and on the radial profiles of the impurity transport coefficients in the region of the emitting shells. Since the aim of the paper is the investigation of the atomic physics of the M-shell ions, the section discussing the plasma physics phenomena is purposely limited. For each experimental spectrum a few simulations are presented, since a unique choice has not been found by selecting the input parameters of the transport code. The effect of the T-e and n(e) values on the emitting shells as well as the influence of line blendings on the single-ionization-degree spectra are stressed. These, in turn, are then compared with the predictions. For the n(e) range considered the PECs are practically independent of n(e). The T-e dependence is much reduced due to the fact that the spectral fits performed are actually comparisons of line ratios. The agreement found between experimental and simulated single-ionization-degree spectra gives confidence in the atomic data used in the CR models.
SELECTION BIASES THE PREVALENCE AND TYPE OF EPISTASIS ALONG ADAPTIVE TRAJECTORIES (2013)

The contribution to an organism's phenotype from one genetic locus may depend upon the status of other loci. Such epistatic interactions among loci are now recognized as fundamental to shaping the process of adaptation in evolving populations. Although little is known about the structure of epistasis in most organisms, recent experiments with bacterial populations have concluded that antagonistic interactions abound and tend to deaccelerate the pace of adaptation over time. Here, we use the NK model of fitness landscapes to examine how natural selection biases the mutations that substitute during evolution based on their epistatic interactions. We find that, even when beneficial mutations are rare, these biases are strong and change substantially throughout the course of adaptation. In particular, epistasis is less prevalent than the neutral expectation early in adaptation and much more prevalent later, with a concomitant shift from predominantly antagonistic interactions early in adaptation to synergistic and sign epistasis later in adaptation. We observe the same patterns when reanalyzing data from a recent microbial evolution experiment. These results show that when the order of substitutions is not known, standard methods of analysis may suggest that epistasis retards adaptation when in fact it accelerates it.
Principle of minimum description length as a method of improving discriminant methods of recognition (2006)

This paper discusses a theoretic-informational approach to the problem of pattern recognition. Using methods of generalized decision functions, support vectors, and finite mixtures as an example, it is shown that the existing quality criteria of the decision rules can be represented as particular implementations of the principle of minimum description length. This makes it possible to refine the available criteria and thereby improves the discriminant properties of the indicated recognition methods and allows recognition systems to be constructed with automatic selection between particular recognition methods based on a general quality criterion. The indicated ideas are successfully verified experimentally, using as an example the problem of recognizing small targets.
The Reaction of Nitrogen Monoxide and of Nitrite with Deoxyhaemocyanin and Methaemocyanin of Helix pomatia (1979)

Deoxyhaemocyanin, treated with NO under strictly anaerobic conditions, yielded methaemocyanin and N 2 O in a fast reaction. In a further slow reaction this methaemocyanin lost its triplet electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal at g = 4 and yielded a nitrosyl derivative with a characteristic g = 2 Cu(II) EPR signal, indicating the binding of a single NO per copper pair. Thus under strictly anaerobic conditions deoxyhaemocyanin and methaemocyanin, treated with NO, gave the same derivative as shown by circular dichroism and EPR spectra. Methaemocyanin yielded, moreover, reversibly a nitrite derivative, characterized by a triplet signal at g = 4 with 7 hyperfine lines.
Radical ring-opening polymerization of novel azlactone-functionalized vinyl cyclopropanes (2020)

Synthesis of new azlactone-functionalized vinyl cyclopropane monomers, corresponding (co)polymers and their reactivity with an amine compound.
Second-order distortion and electronic compensation in analog links containing fiber amplifiers (1992)

A detailed, wide-frequency-range analysis of the second-order distortions in optically amplified subcarrier-multiplexed lightwave video transport systems is presented. It is found that the three major system distortions are from the DFB laser's intrinsic dynamic nonlinearity, the fiber amplifier's nonuniform gain profile, and the fiber's chromatic dispersion. A generic electronic circuit is proposed to compensate the distortions from all three mechanisms simultaneously. A low-distortion, amplified, 1.55- mu m system in which the fiber amplifier and dispersive distortions are suppressed using the proposed circuitry is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New cementum formation induced by cyclosporin A: a histological, ultrastructural and histomorphometric study in the rat (1997)

Cyclosporin A (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressive agent, is known to induce gingival overgrowth; 30 mg/kg/d of CsA were administrated orally in young and adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The same number of rats received oil-based vehicle solution. After 4, 9, 14 and 19 wk of CsA or vehicle administration 3 control and 3 experimental rats were anaesthetized and tissues fixed by an intracardiac perfusion of fixative solution. Upper and lower jaws were dissected, demineralized and processed for Epon inclusion. Histological examination revealed the presence of large amounts of new cementum (NC) covering extensive areas of the acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) in all the root surfaces. NC was particularly abundant at the cervical third of the roots facing the gingival connective tissue, where it occurred as layers, spurs or in both configurations. NC was characterized by its irregular outline, globular body content and infrequent presence of incremental lines. Histomorphometric evaluation by semi-automatic image analysis indicated that the volume and the external surface of NC spurs were 2.86-6.49 and 1.29-1.97-fold increased comparative to those of the AEFC covering the same root areas. Electron microscopy revealed that NC was a functional tissue with insertion of collagen fibres perpendicularly to the long axis of the root. It can be concluded that under some experimental conditions formation of abundant amounts of NC can be achieved and that these results must be taken into account for a new approach in the treatment of periodontal disease.
P010 Upregulation of gut homing markers on dendritic cells in the functioning and inflamed ileo-anal pouch (2012)

P010 Upregulation of gut homing markers on dendritic cells in the functioning and inflamed ileo-anal pouch J. Landy1 *, H.O. Al-Hassi2, E. Ronde2, S. Peake1, N. English2, E. Mann2, D. Bernardo2, C.T. Tee2, R.J. Nicholls3, P.J. Ciclitira4, S.K. Clark5, S. Knight2, A.L. Hart1. 1St Mark’s Hospital, IBD Unit, London, United Kingdom, 2Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, 3Imperial College, Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, London, United Kingdom, 4St Thomas’ Hospital, Gastroenterology, London, United Kingdom, 5St Mark’s Hospital, Colorectal Surgery, London, United Kingdom
Combustion of coal-gas fuels in a staged combustor (1982)

Gaseous fuels produced from coal resources have been considered for use in industrial gas turbines. Such fuels generally have heating values much lower than the typical gaseous fuel, natural gas; the low heating value could result in unstable or inefficient combustion. Additionally, coal gas fuels may contain ammonia which if oxidized in an uncontrolled manner could result in unacceptable NO/sub x/ exhaust emission levels. Previous investigations have indicated that staged, rich-lean combustion represents a desirable approach to achieve stable, efficient, low NO/sub x/ emission operation for coal-derived liquid fuels containing up to 0.8-wt % nitrogen. An experimental program has been conducted to determine whether this fuel tolerance can be extended to include coal-derived gaseous fuels. The results of tests with three nitrogen-free fuels having heating values of 100, 250, and 350 Btu/scf and a 250 Btu/scf heating value doped to contain 0.7% ammonia are presented. The test results permit the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) Staged, rich-lean combustion represents the desirable approach to achieve ultra-low NO/sub x/ and CO emissions for coal gas fuels with heating values of 210 kJ/mol (238 Btu/scf) or higher. (2) Lean combustion represents the desirable approach to achieve ultra-low NO/sub x/ and CO emissions for coal gas fuels with low heating values (84 kJ/mol (95 Btu/scf)). (3) Staged combustion has the ability to limit NH/sub 3/ to NO/sub x/ conversion rates to less than 5%. NO/sub x/ emissions below the EPA limit can readily be achieved.
Terahertz Devices with Reconfigurable Metamaterials by Surface Micromachining Technique (2015)

We propose an approach to build tunable terahertz (THz) devices by using the concept of reconfigurable metamaterials developed by surface MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) technique. The implemented metamaterial is composed of an array of unit cells based on the inductor-capacitor (LC) resonators. By using the MEMS technique to reconfigure the structure of the unit cell, thus the capacitance of the resonator, we demonstrated the tunable transmission of the metamaterial device controlled by applied voltage (around 40 V). The device can be used as a tunable THz band-stop filter and an amplitude modulator with double frequency bands. By engineering the arrayed configuration for the unit cells, we propose a method to constitute a programmable THz spatial modulator, such as a THz lens, which has wide range of applications in THz spectroscopy and THz communication.
Responsible time shorting of flexible thermal flow sensor for medical applications (2015)

A flexible flow sensor, based on a copper-on-polyimide (COP) substrate, for medical applications was fabricated and experimentally shown to have a shorter response time (by about half) than that of a previously reported sensor. Heat generated around the heater formed on a polyimide thin membrane was successfully isolated, and the response time of the sensor was shortened to a half by enlarging the cavity in the under the heater and widening the gap between the heater and the contact hole for the electrical feed-through. To evaluate the characteristic of the fabricated sensor under reciprocating-flow conditions, it was applied to measurements of air flow in an artificial ventilator. The evaluation results show that the sensor output periodically changed with a time interval of 910 ms, which corresponds to the output frequency of the ventilator.