gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Organizations and Government (2000)

The social organization that holds men together is an important form of human adaptation to the environment. Its discrete structure is dependent on moral codes and legal systems as well as on man’s capacity to deal with nature. Social organization ensures that individuals perform their proper functions. It is the basis for the division of labour and the division of consumption. Man is a social as well as knowledge-equipped animal. The social organization of any highly evolved civilization is not a mere consequence of ‘natural’ evolution. Its structure is largely a result of conscious efforts, built on the basis of philosophies. Democratic institutions are built on the philosophy of liberty rather than a consequence of ‘naturally-formed habits’. In China, traditional social organization was largely framed by Confucianism.
Development of GaAs JFETs for cryogenic electronic circuits (1998)

GaAs JFET with various gate sizes, which ranges from 0.5 to 200 micrometers in gate length and from 2 to 200 micrometers in gate width, are fabricated and their DC characteristics and low- frequency noise spectra are measured at low temperatures in order to develop cryogenic electronic circuits for a far-IR detector array on board a satellite such as the Japanese IR satellite. We obtained the following results from the noise measurements: (1) Noise spectra of GaAs JFETs are dominated by a 1/f noise and include some generation-recombination noises in low-frequencies. (2) The 1/f noise voltage is found to remarkably depend on both the gate length and the drain-source voltage, but the gate width and the gate-source voltage have not almost concern with the 1/f noise voltage. Therefore, we suppose that the electric field in the channel of the GaAs JFET mainly contributes to the 1/f noise. By using these characteristics, the GaAs JFET having very low power dissipation and very low noise will be designed for cryogenic readout circuits at low temperatures.
Assessment of the ovarian volume, number and volume of follicles and ovarian vascularity by three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler angiography on the HCG day to predict the outcome in IVF/ICSI cycles (2006)

3D ultrasonography and PDA allow for an easier ovarian assessment in IVF cycles. The predictive value of IVF outcome suggests a high clinical usefulness of this new technique.
Accuracy of protein hydropathy predictions (2010)

Hydropathy is a dominant force in protein folding. Sequence-based hydropathy predictions are widely used, without knowledge about their accuracy and reliability. We investigated the prediction accuracy of 56 hydropathy scales by correlating predicted values with the accessible surface area in known protein structures. Results for different amino acids vary greatly within each scale. We also investigated prediction accuracies of amino acids separately in secondary structural elements and in protein fold families. Despite very low overall correlation, hydropathy predictions can still be used if the shape of the plot is important instead of the prediction values.
Home stimulation, development, and nutritional status of children under 2 years of age in the highlands of Madagascar (2023)

The very high stunting rates and very low performance on cognitive, motor, language, and socioemotional development assessments of children in the Vakinankaratra region require urgent attention.
Lentzea (2015)

Abstract Lent'ze.a. N.L. fem. n. Lentzea named after Friedrich A. Lentze, a German microbiologist who devoted a considerable part of his life to studying pathogenic actinomycetes. Branched vegetative mycelia ( diameter approx . 0 . 5 to 0 . 7 μ m ); aerial mycelium is produced and fragments into rod‐shaped elements . Gram‐stain‐positive. Resistant to lysozyme. Catalase‐positive. Aerobic. The cell wall contains meso ‐diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid . The characteristic whole‐cell sugars are galactose , mannose , and ribose . The phospholipid pattern consists of significant amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine along with diphosphatidylglycerol , phophatidylglycerol , and phosphatidylinositol . The principal menaquinone is MK‐9 ( H 4 ). The fatty acid profile consists of straight‐chain saturated, unsaturated, and branched‐chain saturated fatty acids of the iso and anteiso types, in addition to tuberculostearic acid. Phylogenetically , the genus Lentzea represents a line of descent adjacent to the genus Actinosynnema and close to the genera Lechevalieria , Saccharothrix , and Umezawaea . The 16S rRNA gene sequence contains genus‐specific diagnostic nucleotide signature patterns of TCAA ( 617–620 ) and GCC ( 843–845 ). DNA G + C content ( mol %): 68.6–79.6 (HPLC, T m ) Type species : Lentzea albidocapillata Yassin, Rainey, Brzezinka, Jahnke, Weissbrodt, Budzikiewicz, Stackebrandt and Schaal 1995, 362 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Lentzea is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Actinomycetota / Actinomycetes / Pseudonocardiales / Pseudonocardiaceae / Lentzea The genus Lentzea can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Lentzea (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Actinomycetota / c__Actinomycetes / o__Mycobacteriales / f__Pseudonocardiaceae / g__Lentzea * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022
Sonar inside your body: Prototyping ultrasonic intra-body sensor networks (2014)

Biomedical systems of implanted miniaturized sensors and actuators interconnected into an intra-body area network could enable revolutionary healthcare and clinical applications. Given the well-understood limitations of radio frequency (RF) propagation in the human body, in our previous work we investigated the use of ultrasonic waves as an alternative physical carrier of information [1], and proposed Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB), an ultrasonic multipath-resilient integrated physical and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol [2]. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a software-defined testbed architecture for ultrasonic intra-body area networks, and propose the first experimental demonstration of the feasibility of ultrasonic communications in biological tissues. We first discuss in detail our FPGA-based prototype implementation of UsWB. We then demonstrate how the prototype can flexibly trade performance off for power consumption, and achieve, for bit error rates (BER) no higher than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> , either (i) high-data rate transmissions up to 700 kbit/s at a transmit power of -14 dBm (≈ 40 μW), or (ii) low-data rate and lower-power transmissions down to -21dBm (≈ 8μW) at 70kbit/s. Finally, we show how the UsWB MAC protocol allows multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to coexist and dynamically adapt the transmission rate according to channel and interference conditions to maximize throughput while satisfying predefined reliability constraints.
Phylogeography Takes a Relaxed Random Walk in Continuous Space and Time (2010)

Research aimed at understanding the geographic context of evolutionary histories is burgeoning across biological disciplines. Recent endeavors attempt to interpret contemporaneous genetic variation in the light of increasingly detailed geographical and environmental observations. Such interest has promoted the development of phylogeographic inference techniques that explicitly aim to integrate such heterogeneous data. One promising development involves reconstructing phylogeographic history on a continuous landscape. Here, we present a Bayesian statistical approach to infer continuous phylogeographic diffusion using random walk models while simultaneously reconstructing the evolutionary history in time from molecular sequence data. Moreover, by accommodating branch-specific variation in dispersal rates, we relax the most restrictive assumption of the standard Brownian diffusion process and demonstrate increased statistical efficiency in spatial reconstructions of overdispersed random walks by analyzing both simulated and real viral genetic data. We further illustrate how drawing inference about summary statistics from a fully specified stochastic process over both sequence evolution and spatial movement reveals important characteristics of a rabies epidemic. Together with recent advances in discrete phylogeographic inference, the continuous model developments furnish a flexible statistical framework for biogeographical reconstructions that is easily expanded upon to accommodate various landscape genetic features.
Acute and chronic effects of SGLT2 blockade on glomerular and tubular function in the early diabetic rat (2011)

Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) stabilizes nephron function from minute to minute and adapts to different steady-state inputs to maintain this capability. Such adaptation inherently renders TGF less efficient at buffering long-term disturbances, but the magnitude of loss is unknown. We undertook the present study to measure the compromise between TGF and TGF adaptation in transition from acute to chronic decline in proximal reabsorption (Jprox). As a tool, we blocked proximal tubule sodium-glucose cotransport with the SGLT2 blocker dapagliflozin in hyperglycemic rats with early streptozotocin diabetes, a condition in which a large fraction of proximal fluid reabsorption owes to SGLT2. Dapagliflozin acutely reduced proximal reabsorption leading to a 70% increase in early distal chloride, a saturated TGF response, and a major reduction in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR). Acute and chronic effects on Jprox were indistinguishable. Adaptations to 10-12 days of dapagiflozin included increased reabsorption by Henle's loop, which caused a partial relaxation in the increased tone exerted by TGF that could be explained without desensitization of TGF. In summary, TGF contributes to long-term fluid and salt balance by mediating a persistent decline in SNGFR as the kidney adapts to a sustained decrease in Jprox.
Improvement of toughness and water resistance of bioplastic based on wheat gluten using epoxidized natural rubber (2015)

Novel blends based on wheat gluten (WG) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were fabricated with different ENR contents of 10, 20 and 30 wt% in an internal mixer. Sulfur vulcanization was used to crosslink the ENR phase in the blends. Comparatively, blends of WG and natural rubber (WG/NR) were prepared in the same condition as the WG/ENR blends. Tensile mechanical properties and impact strength of the WG/ENR blends were investigated and compared with the WG/NR blends as well as pure WG. Moreover, water absorption of pure WG and the WG/ENR blends was also tested. As investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the results revealed more compatibility between WG and ENR compared with NR. The elongation at break, impact strength and water resistance of the WG/ENR blends were found to remarkably increase with respect to the pure WG. Thus, incorporation of ENR into WG could improve toughness and water resistance of WG. Furthermore, the effect of adding glycerol acting as a plasticizer on the mechanical properties and impact strength of the WG/ENR blends was also studied. The blends with glycerol-plasticized WG (WG-Gly/ENR) showed more homogeneous morphologies and superior results in the mechanical properties and impact strength compared with the WG/ENR blends.
Handwritten digit recognition based on improved VGG16 network (2019)

This paper presents a new strategy of handwritten digit recognition based on the improved VGG16 model that aims at the lack of texture features, the large differences between handwritings, and the difficulty of extracting effective information. In order to maximize the efficiency of the improved VGG16 model, an automatic drop-based learning rate scheduling is proposed to improve the SGD algorithm in the learning procedure. And automatic adaptation technique of the SGD optimizer's learning rate parameter according to the changes of accuracy rate in the previous training iterations is utilized for the training of the model, which not only apparently improves the learning results, but also speeds up the training convergence. The improved VGG16 model was evaluated on the extended MNIST dataset, achieving a high recognition accuracy rate of 99.97%. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved VGG16 model has obviously higher recognition accuracy than traditional classifiers, has stronger feature extraction ability and can meet the requirements of handwritten digits classification and recognition.
Enhanced Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Reversible Dynamics (2004)

Time-resolved (TR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging provides noninvasively spatial and spectral observations of molecular dynamic processes in heterogeneous environments. The technique, however, is limited by the readout time of the imaging focal plane array detector due to a tradeoff between the multichannel detection advantage and the achievable temporal resolution. We describe a generalized implementation of TR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging that, without affecting data quality, allows potential measurements of up to 2 orders of magnitude greater in time resolution than previously reported; that is, time resolutions of milliseconds to tenths of milliseconds are achievable for reversible dynamic processes. As an example, molecular rotations occurring in embedded liquid crystalline microdomains are monitored with a 2.5 ms time resolution allowing an accurate determination of events inherent in the reorientation and relaxation processes.
Effect of omalizumab for autoimmune progesterone dermatitis refractory to bilateral oophorectomy: a case report (2021)

To our knowledge, this is only the third case of APD which was successfully treated with Omalizumab and the first case where a bilateral oophorectomy failed to resolve symptoms of APD in the literature. This case also demonstrates the complications of vasomotor menopausal symptoms secondary to a bilateral oophorectomy, as well as the adverse effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
Pd-Catalysed carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura cross-couplings using Fe(CO)5under mild conditions: generation of a highly active, recyclable and scalable ‘Pd–Fe’ nanocatalyst (2021)

Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>delivers CO<italic>in situ</italic>for carbonylative-Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, leading to concomitant formation of catalytically competent Pd–Fe nanoparticles.
Enhanced acetylcholine release in striatum after chronic amphetamine is NMDA-dependent (1999)

Behavioral sensitization to chronic amphetamine develops in parallel with an enhancement of amphetamine-stimulated efflux of acetylcholine (ACh) in striatum. The present study investigated the role of NMDA receptors in the latter phenomenon. Rats were treated with either saline (1.0 ml/kg, i.p.) or amphetamine (4.0 mg/kg, i.p., b.i.d.) for 12 days followed by a withdrawal period of 2-3 weeks. In vivo microdialysis was employed to measure striatal ACh efflux. Amphetamine challenge (4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) evoked a significant increase in striatal ACh efflux in rats withdrawn from chronic amphetamine while having no significant effect on ACh efflux in saline-pretreated rats. Inclusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist (+/-)-2-amino-5-phoshonopentanoic acid (APV; 100 microM) in the perfusion solution blocked the amphetamine-induced increase in striatal ACh efflux observed in amphetamine-pretreated rats. In saline-pretreated animals, the presence of APV had no apparent effect on the profile of striatal ACh efflux following amphetamine challenge. Thus, the stimulatory effect of amphetamine challenge on striatal ACh efflux that selectively is observed in animals withdrawn from chronic amphetamine is dependent upon NMDA receptor activation.
Dynamic Programming-Based Column Generation on Time-Expanded Networks: Application to the Dial-a-Flight Problem (2010)

We present a relaxation-based dynamic programming algorithm for solving resource-constrained shortest-path problems (RCSPPs) in the context of column generation for the dial-a-flight problem. The resulting network formulation and pricing problem require solving RCSPPs on extremely large time-expanded networks having a huge number of local resource constraints, i.e., constraints that apply to small subnetworks. The relaxation-based dynamic programming algorithm alternates between a forward and a backward search. Each search employs bounds derived in the previous search to prune the search space. Between consecutive searches, the relaxation is tightened using a set of critical resources and a set of critical arcs over which these resources are consumed. As a result, a relatively small state space is maintained, and many paths can be pruned while guaranteeing that an optimal path is ultimately found.
Decommissioning of Gundremmingen Unit A (1990)

Several nuclear power plants of the first generation in the world have finished their nuclear life and retired into the status of decommissioning. In 1980 this significant milestone was also settled for the nuclear power station KRB A. The reasons for this decision are of general interest and will be explained. The experiences of dismantling, disassembling, decontamination and surveying measurement resulting from the treatment of 3800 tons materials released out of the controlled area is described. The recycling of carbon steel for the production of waste containers made of cast iron is an important technique to reduce waste volume and has been performed with 1500 tons of steel scrap. Finally an outlook towards the intended decommissioning steps in the reactor building is given.
Automatedin situanalysis of volatile sulfur gases using a Sulfur Gas Analyser (SUGAR) based on cryogenic trapping and gas-chromatographic separation (2008)

Based on the technique of cryogenic trapping, gas-chromatographic separation, and flame-photometric detection, we designed an instrument for the analysis of reduced sulfur compounds. The fully automated Sulfur Gas Analyser (SUGAR) consists of a dual sampling system, an electrically cooled cryotrap, and a newly devised small gas chromatograph, which is integrated mechanically and in terms of system control. The system incorporates microprocessor control and provides significant ease of operation. All operational parameters necessary for a complete sampling audit trail are logged on non-volatile memory. SUGAR achieves adequate sensitivity for measuring reduced sulfur gases at typical atmospheric concentrations. Applications under laboratory conditions and in the field demonstrate the versatility of the automated system. Field deployment proved the capability of continuous operation over a period of several weeks. The potential for further improvements of sensitivity and portability by use of different sulfur specific GC detectors is discussed.
Microwave signal processing using dipole-exchange spin waves (2003)

A microwave signal processor using short (wave number k∼104 cm−1) phase-conjugated dipole-exchange spin waves (DESWs) propagating in yttrium–iron–garnet films has been developed. A DESW pulse having low group velocity (νg∼103 cm/s) and low relaxation parameter (effective linewidth ΔH=0.2 Oe) was excited by a narrow (W=10 μm) strip-line transducer, experienced wave front reversal in a parametric interaction with a double-frequency pumping field created by a dielectric resonator, and was received again at the input transducer. As a result, a controlled delay of an input microwave pulse of more than 1 μs with insertion loss of 40 dB/μs was achieved.
A data collection approach for Mobile Botnet analysis and detection (2014)

Recently, MoBots or Mobile Botnets have become one of the most critical challenges in mobile communication and cyber security. The integration of Mobile devices with the Internet along with enhanced features and capabilities has made them an environment of interest for cyber criminals. Therefore, the spread of sophisticated malware such as Botnets has significantly increased in mobile devices and networks. On the other hand, the Bots and Botnets are newly migrated to mobile devices and have not been fully explored yet. Thus, the efficiency of current security solutions is highly limited due to the lack of available Mobile Botnet datasets and samples. As a result providing a valid dataset to analyse and understand the Mobile botnets has become a crucial issue in mobile security and privacy. In this paper we present an overview of the current available data set and samples and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We also propose a model to implement a mobile Botnet test bed to collect data for further analysis.
Transrectal Prostate Biopsy and Fiducial Marker Placement in a Standard 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner (2006)

Purpose:We investigated the accuracy and feasibility of a system that provides transrectal needle access to the prostate concurrent with 1.5 Tesla MRI which previously has not been possible.Materials and Methods: In 5 patients with previously diagnosed prostate cancer, MRI guided intraprostatic placement of gold fiducial markers (4 procedures) and/or prostate biopsy (3 procedures) was performed using local anesthesia.Results: Mean procedure duration was 76 minutes and all patients tolerated the intervention well.Procedure related adverse events included self-limited hematuria and hematochezia following 3 of 8 procedures (all resolved in less than 1 week).Mean needle placement accuracy was 1.9 mm for the fiducial marker placement studies and 1.8 mm for the biopsy procedures.Mean fiducial marker placement accuracy was 4.8 mm and the mean fiducial marker placement accuracy transverse to the needle direction was 2.6 mm.All patients who underwent the procedure were able to complete their course of radiotherapy without delay or complication.Conclusions: While studies of clinical usefulness are warranted, transrectal 1.5 T MRI guided prostate biopsy and fiducial marker placement is feasible using this system, providing new opportunities for image guided diagnostic and therapeutic prostate interventions.
A review of rapid prototyped surgical guides for patient-specific total knee replacement (2012)

Improvements in the surgical technique of total knee replacement (TKR) are continually being sought. There has recently been interest in three-dimensional (3D) pre-operative planning using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT. The 3D images are increasingly used for the production of patient-specific models, surgical guides and custom-made implants for TKR. The users of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) claim that they allow the optimum balance of technology and conventional surgery by reducing the complexity of conventional alignment and sizing tools. In this way the advantages of accuracy and precision claimed by computer navigation techniques are achieved without the disadvantages of additional intra-operative inventory, new skills or surgical time. This review describes the terminology used in this area and debates the advantages and disadvantages of PSI.