gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and quantification of mitochondrial DNA deletions in individual cells by real-time PCR (2002)

Defects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are an important cause of disease and play a role in the ageing process. There are multiple copies of the mitochondrial genome in a single cell. In many patients with acquired or inherited mtDNA mutations, there exists a mixture of mutated and wild type genomes (termed heteroplasmy) within individual cells. As a biochemical and clinical defect is only observed when there are high levels of mutated mtDNA, a crucial investigation is to determine the level of heteroplasmic mutations within tissues and individual cells. We have developed an assay to determine the relative amount of deleted mtDNA using real-time fluorescence PCR. This assay detects the vast majority of deleted molecules, thus eliminating the need to develop specific probes. We have demonstrated an excellent correlation with other techniques (Southern blotting and three- primer competitive PCR), and have shown this technique to be sensitive to quantify the level of deleted mtDNA molecules in individual cells. Finally, we have used this assay to investigate patients with mitochondrial disease and shown in individual skeletal muscle fibres that there exist different patterns of abnormalities between patients with single or multiple mtDNA deletions. We believe that this technique has significant advantages over other methods to quantify deleted mtDNA and, employed alongside our method to sequence the mitochondrial genome from single cells, will further our understanding of the role of mtDNA mutations in human disease and ageing.
Microscope-Integrated OCT Feasibility and Utility With the EnFocus System in the DISCOVER Study (2017)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and utility of a novel microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The DISCOVER study is an investigational device study evaluating microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT systems for ophthalmic surgery. This report focuses on subjects imaged with the EnFocus prototype system (Leica Microsystems/Bioptigen, Morrisville, NC). OCT was performed at surgeon-directed milestones. Surgeons completed a questionnaire after each case to evaluate the impact of OCT on intraoperative management. RESULTS: Fifty eyes underwent imaging with the EnFocus system. Successful imaging was obtained in 46 of 50 eyes (92%). In eight cases (16%), surgical management was changed based on intraoperative OCT findings. In membrane peeling procedures, intraoperative OCT findings were discordant from the surgeon's initial impression in seven of 20 cases (35%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT using the Bioptigen EnFocus system. Intraoperative OCT may provide surgeons with additional information that may influence surgical decision-making. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:216–222.]
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS ON (η12‐(3.3)PARACYCLOPHANE)CHROMIUM(0) AND ITS CATION IN (η12‐(3.3)PARACYCLOPHANE)CHROMIUM(I) TRIODIDE (1980)

Abstract Mittels dynamischer 1 H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie und Röntgenstrukturanalyse werden die Strukturen des durch Cokondensation von [3.3]Paracyclophan und Chrom im Metallverdampfer erhaltenen Komplexes (I) sowie seinem Triiodid (II) (erhalten durch Luftoxidation von (I) in Toluol/Wasser und Ausfällen mit KI) untersucht.
Nonlinear Optical Effects In Langmuir-Blodgett Films (1989)

Molecular assemblies prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique provide useful structures to probe structure-property relationships for nonlinear optical processes. In this paper we present selected results of a comprehensive research program in which we study the Langmuir-Blodgett films of optically nonlinear organic structures. The films are carefully characterized by a variety of surface and spectroscopic techniques. Both second and third order processes have been investigated. A detailed study of third-order resonant nonlinearity in a Si-phthalocyanine using femtosecond degenerate four wave mixing is presented. Using a new approach of simultaneously monitoring signals corresponding to first and second order diffractions and their power dependence, important information on excitation dynamics is derived. The theoretical analysis shows that both first order and bimolecular exciton-exciton annihilation processes in the studied Si-phthalocyanine contribute to the decay of resonant third-order optical nonlinearity.
A Novel Approach for Preparation and In Situ Tensile Testing of Silica Glass Membranes in the Transmission Electron Microscope (2017)

The mechanical behavior of glasses in the micro- and/or nanometer regime increasingly gains importance in nowadays modern technology. However, suitable small scale preparation and mechanical testing approaches for a reliable assessment of the mechanical properties of glasses still remain a big challenge. In the present work, a novel approach for site-specific preparation and quantitative in situ tensile testing of thin silica glass membranes in the transmission electron microscope is presented. Thereby, advanced focused ion beam techniques are used for the preparation of nanoscale dog bone shaped silica glass specimens suitable for in situ tensile testing. Small amounts of gallium are detected on the surface of the membranes resulting from redeposition effects during the focused ion beam preparation procedure. Possible structural changes of silica glass upon irradiation with electrons and gallium ions are investigated by controlled irradiation experiments, followed by a structural analysis using Raman spectroscopy. While moderate electron beam irradiation does not alter the structure of silica glass, ion beam irradiation results in minor densification of the silica glass membranes. In situ tensile testing of membranes under electron beam irradiation results in distinctive elongations without fracture confirming the phenomenon of superplasticity. In contrast, in situ tensile testing in the absence of the electron beam reveals an elastic/plastic deformation behavior, and finally leads to fracture of the membranes. The Young’s moduli of the glass membranes pulled at beam off conditions in the TEM are comparable with values known for bulk fused silica, while the tensile strength is in the range of values reported for silica glass fibers with comparable dimensions. The impact of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical properties of silica glass membranes is further discussed. The results of the present work open new avenues for dedicated preparation and nanomechanical characterization of silica glasses, and further contribute to a fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of such glasses when being scaled down to the nanometer regime.
High pressure processing of apple juice: the most effective parameters to inactivate pathogens of reference (2020)

Purpose High-acid liquid foods are a substrate in which foodborne pathogens can maintain their viability. In this research an experimental design was conducted to optimize the parameters for high pressure processing (HPP) of apple juice (pH 3.76). Design/methodology/approach Juice was inoculated with cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes . Pressures ranging from 139 to 561 MPa and dwell times between 39 and 181 s were challenged. Findings Pressures above 400 MPa achieved a greater than 5-log reduction in all pathogen cocktails regardless of the dwell time. L. monocytogenes was more sensitive to HPP at a pressure of 350 MPa and dwell times equal to or beyond 110 s. E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica exhibited similar resistance; the number of log reductions in the central point (350 MPa/110 s) ranged from 2.2 to 3.7. The first-order mathematical model better fitted experimental data for E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica . In regard to L. monocytogenes , the second-order model better fitted this pathogen's reduction. Practical implications Fruit juices are usually high pressure processed at approximately 600 MPa. For pathogenic reduction, the use of milder parameters may save energy and maintenance costs. The results herein exhibited could assist the apple juice industry with more effective applications of HPP. Originality/value The findings of this study demonstrate that relatively moderate pressures can be successfully used to assure the safety of apple juice.
<title>Photodynamic therapy using aminolevulinic acid (ALA)</title> (1994)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality for a variety of cancers. Since no ideal photosensitizer is available yet, new photosensitizers are being sought. A new concept of PDT is the use of endogenous photosensitizers. ALA is a metabolite in heme synthesis. It is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX, a potent photosensitizer. After administration of ALA it is transformed by the cells to protoporphyrin IX. The goal of our study was to examine dark toxicity of ALA and its phototoxic potential in two different human cell lines.
Eine neue Polonovski‐Umlagerung am Uleingerüst (1985)

Abstract Das Alkaloid Ulein ( 3 ) ist unter den Bedingungen der modifizierten Polonovski‐Reaktion und Behandlung mit Luftsauerstoff mit 65% Ausbeute in Dasycarpidon ( 8 ) überführbar. 1,13‐Dihydroulein liefert durch die Polonovski‐Reaktion Ulein. 3 und 10a führen nach Bildung der N ‐Oxide durch Umsetzung mit Säurehalogeniden zu halogenierten Uleinderivaten. Die Bildung aller Produkte ist nicht mit den bekannten Mechanismen der Polonovski‐Reaktion erklärbar.
Reply to Z.S. Lalmahomed et al (2010)

We appreciate the comments of Lalmahomed et al regarding our recent article, including the observation that low numbers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are observed in the peripheral circulation of patients with metastatic colon cancer, compared with the hepatic macrocirculation. Recently published data have also shown that in the setting of primary lung cancer, CTCs were positive in the peripheral blood of some patients at low numbers and in the pulmonary vein of most patients at high numbers. It is interesting to note that patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancer have higher numbers of CTCs in their peripheral blood, and liver resections in these individuals are generally unsuccessful, unlike the situation now in colon cancer. Furthermore, the presence of CTCs, even a single CTC in the peripheral blood of individuals with colorectal cancer, may indicate a poorer prognosis or those patients who are not suitable for hepatic resections. To investigate the clinical significance of low numbers of CTCs in the periphery, outcome probabilities in our series were examined (Fig 1). Although no statistically significant differences were observed, individuals with zero peripheral CTCs had numerically superior survival and progression-free survival probabilities at 12 months. This suggests that the presence of a single peripheral CTC in certain settings may have prognostic relevance. We agree that use of larger volumes of blood will lead to the discovery of more cells and thereby more material for cell characterization at the protein, RNA, and DNA levels. If the goal is to obtain more cells, then their method will work. This technique has been in practice at Munich for the SUCCESS A, B, and C trials in adjuvant breast cancer follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, in all primary cancers, investigators are routinely using more blood, 20 to 30 mLs, for analyses. Preanalytic error may, however, be introduced when layering blood over Ficoll, and a proportion of cells will inevitably be lost in doing so, although this has not been formally compared in the published abstracts thus far. Furthermore, the cutoff claimed by the manufacturer for metastatic breast cancer is no longer valid for clinical use if larger volumes of blood are used. For fairness, we are also compelled to mention that drawing three tubes and running three tubes, without concentration, is proportionately more expensive.
Synthesis of isothiocyanates from non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles (1986)

Investigation of the reaction of thiophosgene with Δ 2 -oxazolines I , Δ 3 -thiazolines II , 4 H -benzo[ d ][1,3]thiazines III , 2-methoxypentahydro-Δ 1 -azepine IV , theophylline and caffeine showed that only compounds I and IV reacted to give 2-acyloxyethyl isothiocyanates and methyl 6-isothiocyanatohexanoate. The structure of these products was corroborated by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and mass spectral methods. The suitability of the above-mentioned compounds to react is discussed.
Coils for the Production of High-Intensity Pulsed Magnetic Fields (1957)

The problem of producing extremely high magnetic fields is briefly reviewed in the light of modern technique. The design, performance, and application of a pulsed-field system capable of more than 750 000 gauss at room temperature is described. The coil comprises a suitably supported, machined, beryllium-copper, helix having an inside diameter of 316 in. and a length of about ½ in.; it is connected directly to a 2000 μf, 3 kv bank of surge capacitors by means of a triggered-spark gap. The discharge is oscillatory with a half-period of 120 μsec. Detailed design data and performance characteristics are presented for a large range of similarly constructed coils which afford increased volume and field uniformity at a sacrifice in field intensity. A coil providing transverse access to the field and one suitable for operation in liquid helium are also described. Characteristics of less durable coils constructed of a single strip of conductor are discussed. Brief comments on applications to a broad range of solid-state experiments and some inherent limitations are presented. Finally, the production of modulated pulsed fields, unidirectional fields, and the feasibility of extending the pulse duration are discussed.
Sparse Bayesian learning-based channel estimation in millimeter wave hybrid MIMO systems (2017)

This paper develops a novel sparse Bayesian learning (SBL)-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation technique for hybrid millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless systems by exploiting spatial sparsity in the wireless channels arising from the highly directional nature of propagation. The spatially sparse MIMO channel is modeled in terms of the basis array response matrices corresponding to the quantized directional cosines at the transmit and receive antenna arrays followed by the development of an expectation maximization (EM)-based sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) channel estimation approach. Subsequently, an enhanced variant of the SBL scheme is proposed based on hard thresholding the associated hyperparameter estimates, which is observed to significantly improve the accuracy of channel estimation. The Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound (BCRB) is also derived to benchmark the accuracy of the proposed SBL-based channel estimation schemes. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance improvement achieved in comparison to the existing state-of-the-art orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)-based sparse mmWave channel estimation scheme.
Domain Adaptation and Privileged Information for Visual Recognition (2019)

The automatic identification of entities like objects, people or their actions in visual data, such as images or video, has significantly improved, and is now being deployed in access control, social media, online retail, autonomous vehicles, and several other applications. This visual recognition capability leverages supervised learning techniques, which require large amounts of labeled training data from the target distribution representative of the particular task at hand. However, collecting such training data might be expensive, require too much time, or even be impossible. In this work, we introduce several novel approaches aiming at compensating for the lack of target training data. Rather than leveraging prior knowledge for building task-specific models, typically easier to train, we focus on developing general visual recognition techniques, where the notion of prior knowledge is better identified by additional information, available during training. Depending on the nature of such information, the learning problem may turn into domain adaptation (DA), domain generalization (DG), leaning using privileged information (LUPI), or domain adaptation with privileged information (DAPI).;When some target data samples are available and additional information in the form of labeled data from a different source is also available, the learning problem becomes domain adaptation. Unlike previous DA work, we introduce two novel approaches for the few-shot learning scenario, which require only very few labeled target samples, and even one can be very effective. The first method exploits a Siamese deep neural network architecture for learning an embedding where visual categories from the source and target distributions are semantically aligned and yet maximally separated. The second approach instead, extends adversarial learning to simultaneously maximize the confusion between source and target domains while achieving semantic alignment.;In complete absence of target data, several cheaply available source datasets related to the target distribution can be leveraged as additional information for learning a task. This is the domain generalization setting. We introduce the first deep learning approach to address the DG problem, by extending a Siamese network architecture for learning a representation of visual categories that is invariant with respect to the sources, while imposing semantic alignment and class separation to maximize generalization performance on unseen target domains.;There are situations in which target data for training might come equipped with additional information that can be modeled as an auxiliary view of the data, and that unfortunately is not available during testing. This is the LUPI scenario. We introduce a novel framework based on
Żabińskiite, ideally Ca(Al0.5Ta0.5)(SiO4)O, a new mineral of the titanite group from the Piława Górna pegmatite, the Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland (2017)

Abstract Żabińskiite, ideally Ca(Al 0.5 Ta 0.5 )(SiO 4 )O, was found in a Variscan granitic pegmatite at Piława Górna, Lower Silesia, SW Poland. The mineral occurs along with (Al,Ta,Nb)- and (Al,F)-bearing titanites, a pyrochlore-supergroupmineral and a K-mica in compositionally inhomogeneous aggregates, ∼120 μm × 70 μm in size, in a fractured crystal of zircon intergrown with polycrase-(Y) and euxenite-(Y). Żabińskiite is transparent, brittle, brownish, with a white streak, vitreous lustre and a Mohs hardness of ∼5. The calculated density for the refined crystal is equal to 3.897 g cm –3 , but depends strongly on composition. The mineral is non-pleochroic, biaxial (–), with mean refractive indices ≥1.89. The (Al,Ta,Nb)-richest żabińskiite crystal,(Ca 0.980 Na 0.015 ) ∑=0.995 (Al 0.340 Fe 3+ 0.029 Ti 0.298 V 0.001 Zr 0.001 Sn 0.005 Ta 0.251 Nb 0.081 ) ∑=1.005 [(Si 0.988 Al 0.012 )O 4.946 F 0.047 (OH) 0.007 ) ∑=5.000 ];60.7 mol.% Ca[Al 0.5 (Ta,Nb) 0.5 ](SiO 4 )O; is close in composition to previously described synthetic material. Żabińskiite is triclinic (space group symmetry A 1) and has unit-cell parameters a = 7.031(2) Å, b = 8.692(2) Å, c = 6.561(2) Å, α = 89.712(11)°, β = 113.830(13)°, γ = 90.352(12)° and V = 366.77 (11) Å 3 . It is isostructural with triclinic titanite and bond-topologically identical with titanite and other minerals of the titanite group.Żabińskiite crystallized along with (Al,Ta,Nb)-bearing titanites at increasing Ti and Nb, and decreasing Ta activities, almost coevally with polycrase-(Y) and euxenite-(Y) from Ca-contaminated fluxed melts or early hydrothermal fluids.
Expression, DNA-binding specificity and transcriptional regulation of nuclear factor 1 family proteins from rat (1999)

Nuclear factor 1 (NF1) family proteins, which are encoded by four different genes (NF1-A, NF1-B, NF1-C and NF1-X), bind to the palindromic sequence and regulate the expression of many viral and cellular genes. We have previously purified NF1-A and NF1-B from rat liver as factors that bind to the silencer in the glutathione transferase P gene, and have also reported the repression domain of NF1-A. In the present study we cloned five cDNA species (NF1-B1, NF1-B2, NF1-B3, NF1-C2 and NF1-X1) and compared their expression profiles and the affinity and specificity of the DNA binding of these NF1 family members. By Northern blot analysis, we found that the expression profiles of the NF1s are indistinguishable in the various tissues of the rat. The DNA-binding affinities of NF1-A and NF1-X are higher than those of NF1-B and NF1-C, whereas all four NF1 proteins showed the same DNA-binding specificity. Transfection analyses revealed that the function of NF1-B on the transcriptional regulation differed between NF1-B isoforms and was affected by the factor(s) that bind to the promoter regions. In addition, we identified the transcriptional regulatory domain of NF1-B, which is enriched with proline and serine residues.
Polyaddition von Dian‐Diglycidylether mit Butin‐2‐diol‐1,4 (1991)

Abstract Die Polyaddition von niedermolekularem Dian‐Epoxidharz mit Butin‐2‐diol‐1,4 wurde bei 80 bei 130°C mit Triethanolamin als Katalysator durchgeführt. Die Reaktion verläuft ähnlich der Polyaddition der Bisphenole mit Epoxidharz bei Harzüberschuß. Als Endprodukte entstehen Diepoxid‐Oligomere, die in der Kette CC Bindungen enthalten.
Preparation of Poloxamer188-b-PCL and Study on in vitro Radioprotection Activity of Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles (2020)

A novel polymer of poloxamer188-<i>b</i>-PCL was synthesized via a ring-opening polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectra were used to study the structures of obtained poloxamer188-<i>b</i>-PCL. The thermo-stability of poloxamer188 -<i>b</i>-PCL was carried out with a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and cytotoxicity was obtained using the CCK8 method. Cargo-free and curcumin (CUR)-loaded poloxamer188-<i>b</i>-PCL NPs were fabricated via the solvent evaporation method. The morphology, particle size distribution, and stability of cargo-free NPs were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser particle analyzer. The <i>in vitro</i> radioprotection activity of CUR-loaded NPs was performed. FTIR, Raman, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra confirmed that poloxamer188-<i>b</i>-PCL was obtained. TGA curves suggested poloxamer188-<i>b</i>-PCL had better thermo-stability than original poloxamer188. Cell tests suggested that the cargo-free NPs had no cytotoxicity. SEM image showed that the cargo-free NPs were spherical with a diameter of 100 nm. Free radical scavenging experiments proved that CUR-loaded NPs had better antioxidant activity than CUR solutions. CUR-loaded NPs could be detected in all tissues, including liver, kidneys and lung. In summary, this work demonstrated a feasibility of developing an injective formulation of CUR and provided a protection agent in caner radiotherapy.
FULL REFERENCE VIDEO QUALITY MODEL FOR UHD HEVC ENCODED SEQUENCES (2015)

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