gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Reductants in N2O Reduction and Analysis of Active Sites Over Fe-MFI Catalysts (2005)

We investigated the effect of reductants over Fe-MFI catalysts (Fe-MFI) based on the catalytic performance in N2O reduction in the absence of oxygen. The TOFs of N2O decomposition and N2O reduction by various reductants (H2,CO, CH4)increased with increasing Fe/Al ratio (Fe/Al≥0.15). As the result of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis, only mononuclear Fe species were observed over Fe(0.10)-MFI after N2O or O2 treatment. On the other hand, binuclear Fe species were also observed over Fe(0.40)-MFI after treatment with N2O. More reducible Fe species, which gave lower-temperature O2 desorption, can be due to Fe binuclear species. Since the N2O reduction with reductants proceeds via a redox mechanism, the reducible binuclear Fe species can exhibit higher activity than the mononuclear one. Furthermore, CH4 can be oxidized under the presence of N2O more easily than can H2 and CO, although it is generally known that the reactivity of methane is very low.
Code Design for Noncoherent Detection in Satellite Communication Systems (2020)

In this paper, we propose a waveform design that is robust to noncoherent detection for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes. Our proposed complex constellation waveforms are based on the quaternary complex Hadamard matrices. The advantage of the proposed waveforms is that they have the largest noncoherent minimum distance in the complex domain and meet the maximum Hamming distance in their equivalent binary domain.
Intent-Driven Similarity in E-Commerce Listings (2020)

Discovering similarities between online listings is a common backend task being used across different downstream experiences in eBay. Our baseline unstructured listing similarity method relies on measuring the semantic textual similarity between the embedding vectors of listing titles. However, we discovered that even with the latest contextualized embedding methods, our similarity fails to give the proper weight to the key tokens in the title that matter. This often results in identifying listing similarities that are not sufficient, which later hurts the downstream experiences. In this paper we present a method we call "Listing2Query", or "L2Q", which uses a Sequence Labeling approach to learn token importance from our users? search queries and on-site behaviour. We used pairs of listing titles and their matching search queries, and leveraged a contextualized character language model, to train L2Q as a bidirectional recurrent neural network to produce token importance weights. We demonstrate that plugging these weights into relatively straightforward listing similarity methods is a simple way to significantly improve the similarity results, even to the extent that it consistently outperforms those created by popular representations such as BERT. Notably, this approach is not reserved to only large online marketplaces but can be generalized to other cases that include a search-driven experience and a recall set of short documents.
Habitable-zone observatory (HabEx) baseline 4-m telescope design and predicted performance (2020)

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory Mission (HabEx) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planets in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like stars. Additionally, HabEx will perform a broad range of general astrophysics science enabled by 115 to 1700 nm spectral range and 3x3 arc-minute FOV instruments. Critical to achieving its science goals is a large, ultra-stable UV/Optical/Near-IR (UVOIR) telescope. The baseline HabEx telescope is a 4-meter off-axis unobscured three-mirroranastigmatic, diffraction limited at 400 nm with wavefront stability on the order of a few 10s of picometers. This paper summarizes the opto-mechanical design of the HabEx baseline optical telescope assembly, including a discussion of how science requirements drive the telescope’s specifications, and presents analysis that the baseline telescope structure meets its specified tolerances.
Ferromagnetic-resonance studies of epitaxial Ni, Co, and Fe films grown on Cu(100)/Si(100) (1993)

Epitaxial films of Ni, Co, and Fe of thickness (10--500 \AA{}) have been studied on Cu(100) seed layers grown at room temperature on Si(100) substrates freshly etched in a hydrofluoric acid solution. X-ray diffraction and reflection high-energy electron-diffraction measurements confirm the epitaxial growth of Ni and Co on Cu(100) with a fcc(100) structure, whereas Fe grows with a bcc(110) Pitsch orientation relationship. Ferromagnetic-resonance measurements have been used to study the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies of these films. Experimental data were fitted by using energy-density expressions that include uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy and bulk cubic anisotropy terms. Ni films with thicknesses 100 \AA{} show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which is attributed to a tetragonal deformation of the Ni lattice.
Degradation-induced low frequency noise and deep traps in GaN/InGaN near-UV LEDs (2017)

Electrical stressing of near-UV (peak wavelength 390–395 nm) multi-quantum-well GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes at a high drive current of 650 mA and elevated temperature of 110 °C causes a significant degradation in external quantum efficiency (EQE), correlated with the formation of nitrogen interstitial-related electron traps at Ec − 0.8 eV. The dependence of the spectral density of current noise SI on forward current If showed two regions prior to accelerated aging, with SI ∼ If due to the current flow via localized leakage channels (presumably dislocations) and SI ∼ If2 related to the generation-recombination noise caused by the Ec − 0.8 eV states and Ev + 0.75 eV hole traps in the space charge region. Electrical stress for &amp;lt;922 h did not change the EQE but gradually increased both reverse and forward leakage current. This was accompanied by a gradual increase in the density of the hole traps, but not the electron traps. The mechanism appears to be the displacement of Ga and In atoms, with the interstitials decorating dislocations and forming local leakage channels. For stress times &amp;gt;922 h, the peak EQE decreased from 26% to 15% and was accompanied by a further increase in the leakage current and density of both types of traps. One of the 20 studied diodes showed an anomalously high forward leakage current, and the noise spectrum in it was dominated by the SI ∼ If4 region typical for the presence of local overheated areas (presumably local In composition fluctuations). The EQE of this sample began to degrade after a much shorter stress time of 258 h.
Models of Neuroendocrine Regulation: Use of Monosodium Glutamate as an Investigational Tool (1978)

The administration of monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) during the neonatal period is known to result in central nervous system lesions in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the retina. Rodents so treated exhibit behavioral deficits and endocrinopathies including obesity, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, pituitary atrophy, tail automutilation and diminished locomotor activity. Assessment of endocrine status revealed normal serum levels of glucagon, thyroid-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and diminished levels of thyroid hormones and growth hormone in MSG-treated rats. Prolactin levels were elevated in the glutamate-treated male rats. Within the brain hypothalamic levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and somatostatin were unchanged. Measurement of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related enzymes in individual hypothalamic nuclei derived from MSG-treated rats revealed normal levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, but reduced levels of choline acetyltransferase and dopamine in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. Histochemical methods for visualization of dopamine and acetylcholinesterase in the mediobasal hypothalamus confirmed these findings. The MSG-treated animals exhibited a normal diurnal rhythm of pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity. These data indicate that the MSG-induced endocrine deficiency syndrome results at least partly from destruction of cholinergic and dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular systems in the hypothalamus.
A review of data-driven prognostic for IGBT remaining useful life (2018)

Power converters with insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT) are widely used in diverse industrial applications such as traction systems. As the IGBT is one of the most fragile components in power electronics converter, remaining useful life(RUL) prognostic of IGBT is important to guarantee system reliability. This paper presents a review of data-driven prognostic for IGBT RUL. In this paper, common data-driven prognostic methods are summarized. Features of data-driven prognostic approaches of IGBT are discussed, and main approaches are compared to each other. Four common problems of these schemes are presented and discussed. In addition, some other desirable studies to improve IGBT RUL estimation are proposed.
‘The last few weeks have been strange and exciting’ (2021)

The last few weeks have been strange and exciting'In April 1954, Theodore Schwartz wrote to Margaret Mead in New York City from Bunai village, Manus District, Territory of Papua and New Guinea.He was reporting on the remarkable events Lenora Shargo (his wife at the time) and he were witnessing.He began his letter: 'The last few weeks have been strange and exciting', and he was not exaggerating.He and Shargo were Mead's research assistants on her second trip to the Admiralty Islands, which today comprise the Manus Province of the independent country of Papua New Guinea (PNG).Mead had conducted research there in 1928 with New Zealand-born anthropologist Reo Fortune, her
Diagnostic Cytology and Its Histopathologic Bases. (1968)

Diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases , Diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Novel Electrochemical Pretreatment for Preferential Removal of Nonylphenol in Industrial Wastewater: Biodegradability Improvement and Toxicity Reduction (2019)

Preferential pretreatment of nonylphenol (NP) before biological treatment is of great significance due to its horizontal gene transfer effect and endocrine disruption activity. A novel molecular imprinting high-index facet SnO<sub>2</sub> (MI-SnO<sub>2, HIF</sub>) electrode is designed. NP was effectively removed from industrial wastewater at 1.8 V with totally suppressing human estrogen activity. The ratio of 5 day biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD<sub>Cr</sub>) was enhanced to 0.412 from 0.186 after preferential pretreatment. The effluent concentration of NP was 6.4 μg L<sup>-1</sup> after further simulating anaerobic-anoxic-oxic treatment, which was about 1/10 of that without pretreatment. This preferential electrochemical pretreatment is interpreted as prior adsorption and enrichment of target pollutants on the MI-SnO<sub>2, HIF</sub> surface. The reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidation products were investigated by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance and electrochemical infrared spectroscopy. The degradation pathway of NP was further analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This unique pretreatment method for a complex tannery wastewater system has irreplaceable status because no methods with similar advantages have been reported, expecting to be widely used in preferential pretreatment of toxic contaminants blended with highly concentrated nontoxic organics.
Replicative Acinetobacter baumannii strains interfere with phagosomal maturation by modulating the vacuolar pH (2023)

Bacterial pneumonia is a common infection of the lower respiratory tract that can afflict patients of all ages. Multidrug-resistant strains of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> are increasingly responsible for causing nosocomial pneumonias, thus posing an urgent threat. Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in overcoming respiratory infections caused by this pathogen. Recently, we and others have shown that new clinical isolates of <i>A. baumannii</i> , but not the common lab strain ATCC 19606 (19606), can persist and replicate in macrophages within spacious vacuoles that we called <i>A cinetobacter</i> C ontaining V acuoles (ACV). In this work, we demonstrate that the modern <i>A. baumannii</i> clinical isolate 398, but not the lab strain 19606, can infect alveolar macrophages and produce ACVs <i>in vivo</i> in a murine pneumonia model. Both strains initially interact with the alveolar macrophage endocytic pathway, as indicated by EEA1 and LAMP1 markers; however, the fate of these strains diverges at a later stage. While 19606 is eliminated in an autophagy pathway, 398 replicates in ACVs and are not degraded. We show that 398 reverts the natural acidification of the phagosome by secreting large amounts of ammonia, a by-product of amino acid catabolism. We propose that this ability to survive within macrophages may be critical for the persistence of clinical <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates in the lung during a respiratory infection.
Influence of Voltage-sensitive Ca++Channel Drugs on Bupivacaine Infiltration Anesthesia in Mice (2001)

These results indicate that heat nociception stimulates Ca(++) influx through L-type channels on nociceptors in skin. Although other voltage-sensitive Ca(++) channels may be located on skin nociceptors, only the L-type channel drugs affected bupivacaine in the radiant heat test.
Nonlinear Analysis Of Gait Kinematics To Track Changes In Oxygen Consumption In Prolonged Load Carriage (2009)

Linking human mechanical work to physiological work for the purpose of developing a model of physical fatigue is a complex problem that cannot be easily solved by conventional biomechanical analysis. Nonlinear analysis may make it possible to identify and track shifts in the variability of biomechanical variables that reflect the underlying processes of physiological fatigue. PURPOSE: We evaluated the effectiveness of dynamical systems and fractal analysis, to track physiological fatigue, as defined by an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) at a constant work rate. METHODS: Three male U.S. Army Soldier volunteers (means: 23.3 yrs; 1.80 m; 77.3 kg) each walked for 120 min with a 40-kg load on a level treadmill set at 1.34 m/s. We collected gait kinematic data (knee angle) across 21-22 bins, each 5 minutes in length, over the 120-min walking period. VO2 data were collected over the entire 120-min period as well. For the dynamical systems analysis, gait kinematics were used to identify fatigue: phase space warping (PSW) based feature vectors were estimated from kinematic time series; smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD) were used to extract fatigue related trends from these features; and smooth orthogonal coordinates (SOCs), a function of SOD, helped describe the trends. The trends were verified against the VO2 data. For the fractal analysis, stride interval data, defined by knee angle, were used to identify self-similarity. We calculated fractal dimension as a function of determining relative dispersion (standard deviation divided by the mean) across varied time scales. RESULTS: Volunteers, on average, demonstrated an increase in VO2 while walking 120 min with the load. Inter-individual difference existed in the VO2 data: Regardless, the SOCs tracked and correlated with the VO2 for all three volunteers. While VO2 increased over time for the three volunteers on average and the fractal dimension decreased over time, no significant correlation was found for the two measures. CONCLUSIONS: While fractal analysis demonstrated that stride interval data had self-similar characteristics that changed over time, only the dynamical systems analysis using knee angle data demonstrated the ability to track changes in VO2. Dynamical systems analysis may be useful in developing a prediction model for physical fatigue.
Carrier Lifetime Analysis by Photoconductance Decay and Free Carrier Absorption Measurements (2001)

High-power devices require a thick silicon layer with high resistivity to achieve high breakdown voltages. In order to optimize the turn-on and turn-off behavior of these devices, precise adjustment of the carrier lifetime is necessary, together with knowledge of its dependence on process parameters and operation conditions (e.g., temperature and injection level). We have therefore analyzed the carrier lifetime of the starting material (float-zone silicon) as well as processed devices that have both been either doped with transition metals (Pt, Au, Fe) or irradiated with electrons, using two different measurement techniques based on photoconductivity decay and free carrier absorption measurements. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Actuation Response of Polyacrylate Dielectric Elastomers (2003)

Polyacrylate dielectric elastomers have yielded extremely large strain and elastic energy density suggesting that they are useful for many actuator applications. A thorough understanding of the physics underlying the mechanism of the observed response to an electric field can help develop improved actuators. The response is believed to be due to Maxwell stress, a quadratic dependence of the stress upon applied electric field. Based on this supposition, an equation relating the applied voltage to the measured force from an actuator was derived. Experimental data fit with the expected behavior, though there are discrepancies. Further analysis suggests that these arise mostly from imperfect manufacture of the actuators, though there is a small contribution from an explicitly electrostrictive behavior of the acrylic adhesive. Measurements of the dielectric constant of stretched polymer reveal that the dielectric constant drops, when the polymer is strained, indicating the existence of a small electrostrictive effect. Finally, measurements of the electric breakdown field were made. These also show a dependence upon the strain. In the unstrained state the breakdown field is 20 MV/m, which grows to 218 MV/m at 500 500% strain. This large increase could prove to be of importance in actuator design.
THE REGULATION OF PINOCYTOSIS IN MOUSE MACROPHAGES (1967)

A study has been conducted on the influence of nucleosides and nucleotides to induce the formation of pinocytic vesicles in cultured mouse macrophages. Extremely high levels of cytoplasmic vesicles were found after exposure of macrophages to adenosine 5'-phosphate, ADP, and ATP. A limited vesicle response was obtained with adenosine 2'-. and 3'-phosphate, 3',5'-adenosine-phosphate, and deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate. The di- and triphosphates of guanosine, inosine, cytidine, and uridine were stimulatory but much less active than the adenosine derivatives. Adenosine administration resulted in high levels of pinocytic activity whereas other nucleosides, including inosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine, yielded little or no stimulatory effect. Adenosine and its 5'-phosphates produced morphological effects on macrophages characterized by increased spreading, a thin, peripheral cytoplasmic veil with denser cores of oriented mitochondria and contraction of the centre-sphere region. Large numbers of pinosomes were seen in association with mitochondria-containing portions of the cytoplasm. The stimulatory effects of adenosine and ATP were rapid and involved the majority of cells in the culture. Adenosine was unable to reverse the pinocytosis inhibition produced by 2,4-DNP, whereas ATP raised vesicle counts to high levels. Possible mechanisms for these effects are discussed.
Multiscale segmentation and anomaly enhancement of SAR imagery (1997)

We present efficient multiscale approaches to the segmentation of natural clutter, specifically grass and forest, and to the enhancement of anomalies in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The methods we propose exploit the coherent nature of SAR sensors. In particular, they take advantage of the characteristic statistical differences in imagery of different terrain types, as a function of scale, due to radar speckle. We employ a class of multiscale stochastic processes that provide a powerful framework for describing random processes and fields that evolve in scale. We build models representative of each category of terrain of interest (i.e., grass and forest) and employ them in directing decisions on pixel classification, segmentation, and anomalous behaviour. The scale-autoregressive nature of our models allows extremely efficient calculation of likelihoods for different terrain classifications over windows of SAR imagery. We subsequently use these likelihoods as the basis for both image pixel classification and grass-forest boundary estimation. In addition, anomaly enhancement is possible with minimal additional computation. Specifically, the residuals produced by our models in predicting SAR imagery from coarser scale images are theoretically uncorrelated. As a result, potentially anomalous pixels and regions are enhanced and pinpointed by noting regions whose residuals display a high level of correlation throughout scale. We evaluate the performance of our techniques through testing on 0.3-m resolution SAR data gathered with Lincoln Laboratory's millimeter-wave SAR.
Studies on Heart. XXII. Inhibitory Effect of an Atrial Peptide (AAP) on Several Drug-induced Arrhythmias in Vivo (1983)

The effect of an atrial peptide, Gly-Pro-4Hyp-Gly-Ala-Gly (AAP), on several druginduced arrhythmias in anesthetized dogs, rats and mice was investigated together with its effect on the related functions. AAP (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reversed the persistent arrhythmias consisting of atrio-ventricular (A-V) block, ectopic beat and/or ventricular tachycardia induced by aconitine pretreatment, to normal sinus rhythm for a while, and evidently prevented development of ventricular fibrillation in dogs and rats. AAP (10, 25 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly prolonged the time until onset of A-V block or ectopic beat and the time until onset of ventricular tachycardia induced by aconitine infusion in mice. This peptide (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly prolonged the onset time of A-V block or ectopic beat induced by CaCl2 infusion and the time until ventricular fibrillation induced by ouabain infusion in mice, and significantly shortened the duration of arrhythmia induced by ADP in rats, but did not affect the mouse epinephrine-induced arrhythmia. The peptide (25 mg/kg, i.v.) was found to prolong significantly the QTc interval and to have no effect on the PQ interval, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure in dogs. AAP (1 g/kg. i.v., i.p. and p.o.) did not show the acute toxicity in mice. AAP was a chemically new type of antiarrhythmic substance with very little side effect and low toxicity, possessing the action intensity almost equal to quinidine.
Enhancing the BOADICEA cancer risk prediction model to incorporate new data on RAD51C , RAD51D , BARD1 updates to tumour pathology and cancer incidence (2022)

These extensions will allow for better personalised risks for <i>BARD1</i>, <i>RAD51C</i>, <i>RAD51D</i> and <i>PALB2</i> pathogenic variant carriers and more informed choices on screening, prevention, risk factor modification or other risk-reducing options.