gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel modeling concept for multi-coupling core structures (2002)

Coupling inductors between two channels can improve both the steady state and dynamic performances of multi-channel interleaving voltage regulator modules (VRMs). However, the complicated electrical circuit model for the multi-coupling core structures prevents the coupling concept from being extended to integrated multi-channel core structures. This paper presents a novel circuit modeling concept that can be easily applied to different complicated multi-coupling core structures. Compared to conventional modeling methods, the proposed method involves fewer inductors. It is more directly related to the physical core structures and is easier to converge in computer simulation. Simulation results are presented to verify the validity of this modeling concept.
A low power constant-Gm rail-to-rail operational transconductance amplifier by recycling current (2011)

A modification to the conventional constant-g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> rail-to-rail operational transconductance amplifier is presented. The proposed amplifier has the benefit of delivering the same performance while consuming a fraction of the power compared to the conventional rail-to-rail amplifier. This is achieved by recycling the bias current of idle devices, which results in an enhanced transconductance, gain and slew rate. The proposed amplifier was implemented in SMIC standard 65nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the proposed amplifier achieves 168.1MHz unity-gain bandwidth, 63.8dB DC gain, 23.4V/us slew rate and less than 8% deviation in transconductance, but the power consumption reduced by 50% compared to the conventional rail-to-rail amplifier with the same design specifications.
Alteration in bone marrow adherent layer growth factor expression: a novel mechanism of chronic myelogenous leukemia progression (1991)

Philadelphia chromosome1 positive (Ph1) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by metamorphosis of the chronic phase to blastic crisis. However, cellular events associated with this transition are poorly understood. To examine the possible participation of hematopoietic growth factors in this process, we studied growth factor expression in adherent layers of bone marrows derived from CML Ph1 patients in various stages of the disease. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 mRNA were expressed in five of six patients, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in one of six patients with myeloid/undifferentiated blast crisis. In addition, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression was increased in four of six patients with myeloid/undifferentiated blast crisis phase of the disease. IL-1 beta was also detected in bone marrow adherent layer conditioned medium from two of these patients. These results were in sharp contrast to the lack of detectable levels of uninduced IL-1 beta, IL-6, and GM-CSF mRNA, in samples derived from 4 patients in lymphoid blastic crisis, 3 in accelerated, and 11 in chronic phases of the disease, or from normal controls. The possibility of a paracrine loop formation, whereby the adherent layers representing the bone marrow stroma are induced to express hematopoietic growth factors, was supported by our finding IL-1 beta mRNA expression in the leukemic blast cells in three of four studied patients in blast crisis and IL-1 beta protein production in seven of eight patients studied. Finally, coculturing CML blast crisis cells onto pre-established adherent layers induced the expression of both IL-1 beta and IL-6 genes. From this preliminary study, it appears that abnormal expression of growth factors is a common event with CML Ph1 progression. We hypothesize that IL-1 beta generated by the transformed malignant clone stimulates the marrow stroma to produce various growth factors, and that this process may play a role in disease progression.
Patient‐Specific 3‐Dimensional–Bioprinted Model for In Vitro Analysis and Treatment Planning of Pulmonary Artery Atresia in Tetralogy of Fallot and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (2019)

Background Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a heterogeneous form of pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis that requires multiple forms of intervention. We present a patient-specific in vitro platform capable of sustained flow that can be used to train proceduralists and surgical teams in current interventions, as well as in developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat various vascular anomalies. Our objective is to develop an in vitro model of PA stenosis based on patient data that can be used as an in vitro phantom to model cardiovascular disease and explore potential interventions. Methods and Results From patient-specific scans obtained via computer tomography or 3-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography, we generated digital 3D models of the arteries. Subsequently, in vitro models of tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were first 3D printed using biocompatible resins and next bioprinted using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel to simulate neonatal vasculature or second-order branches of an older patient with tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Printed models were used to study creation of extraluminal connection between an atretic PA and a major aortopulmonary collateral artery using a catheter-based interventional method. Following the recanalization, engineered PA constructs were perfused and flow was visualized using contrast agents and x-ray angiography. Further, computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to analyze flow in the recanalized model. Conclusions New 3D-printed and computational fluid dynamics models for vascular atresia were successfully created. We demonstrated the unique capability of a printed model to develop a novel technique for establishing blood flow in atretic vessels using clinical imaging, together with 3D bioprinting-based tissue engineering techniques. Additive biomanufacturing technologies can enable fabrication of functional vascular phantoms to model PA stenosis conditions that can help develop novel clinical applications.
Musical Desegregation of Acoustic Space (2003)

Auditory stream segregation is vital for understanding the perception of auditory fields and construction of the auditory self in relation to acoustic space is explored using Lacanian psychological theory. This is a review of auditory cues implicated in perception of consonance and other musical devices and purpose that musical efficacy may be partly due to the desegregation of auditory streams, leading to a partial collapse of the subject's sense of acoustic space.
Pulse-Doppler correlation receiver (1994)

We present the architectural and functional details involved in the development of a hybrid optical/digital processor for use in High Resolution Radar applications. Specifically, we describe within the context of a general radar receiver, the use of an advanced analog (optical) front end to perform the computationally intensive correlation processing required for range compression, while providing a requisite set of baseband data containing a phase history of the targets motion to be subsequently doppler filtered digitally in a separate post processing step.
Optimization of Crushing Strength and Disintegration Time of a High-Dose Plant Extract Tablet by Neural Networks (1999)

Optimization of crushing strength and disintegration time of a high-dose plant extract tablet was reached after extensive experimentation. Effects of the processing parameters, like compression force and tooling, and also of the excipients were found to be significant. Best results for both disintegration time and crushing strength were obtained with a plant extract that was granulated by roller compaction before compression. To gain more information about the different effects, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a conventional multivariate method (partial least squares [PLS]) were used for data analysis. The topologies of the neural networks of the feed-forward type were optimized manually and by pruning methods. All methods were tested for contemplated parameters, crushing strength, and disintegration time. In general, ANNs were found to be more successful in characterizing the effects that influence crushing strength and disintegration time than the conventional multivariate methods.
Human Milk Composition and Health Outcomes in Children (2019)

Many studies have investigated the influence of breastfeeding on child health. It is well known that breastfeeding confers short-term benefits for child health by reducing mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases. A WHO report suggests a lower long-term morbidity from gastrointestinal and allergic diseases in infants who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months in comparison to non-breastfed children. Based on these data, UNICEF and WHO current recommendations are
EWRI Task Committee Efforts on Establishing Concentrate Management Guidelines for Desalination and Water Reuse (2005)

At present, there are no industry-wide concentrate management performance standards for the types of desalination and water reuse technologies identified in the recently completed "Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap". Additionally, brackish and sea-water desalination and concentrate management regulations vary significantly from state-to-state, region-to-region, and internationally. For example, the best management practices recommended for concentrate disposal in one state may not be allowed in an adjoining state. In other cases, receiving water quality criteria either do not exist, or may require a concentrate stream's quality to be significantly better than the quality of the receiving water. As desalination and water reuse become an increasingly larger part of our water supply and water use portfolio, improved guidance and standards on environmentally, ecologically, and economically sound management practices for desalination and water reuse concentrate are needed. Several organizations including the American Water Works Association, Ground Water Protection Council, Water Reuse Foundation, and the Environmental Protection Agency are working cooperatively through an American Society of Civil Engineers-Environmental and Water Resources Institute task committee to develop a consensus -based assessment and provide recommendations and guidance on sound concentrate management practices for new and existing desalination and water reuse facilities of all sizes. The task committee was established in early 2004, and this paper provides an overview of the goals, objectives, and progress of the committee.
Ex Sta.Ve.Co.: un laboratorio permanente di ricerca (2011)

Il destino dell’area oggi conosciuta come “ex Sta.Ve.Co” è un tema quasi “classico” per gli studenti di architettura e ingegneria, ormai da più generazioni, forse proprio da quando si pensò che l’area avrebbe potuto essere ristrutturata per ospitare la sede della Facoltà nata da poco, negli anni ‘30.In più di cinquant’anni lo studio dell’area ha sviluppato numerose proposte, progetti e modalità di reintegrazione all’uso urbano, riconoscendone la posizione strategica, in particolare per il rapporto che può garantire tra centro storico e collina. Proprio su quest’ultimo tema si concentra il Piano strutturale del Comune di Bologna, a seguito della dismissione dell’area e della volontà, da parte dello Stato, di valorizzarla trasformandola ad altri usi.
Appropriateness of albumin treatment in noncritical and non-oncohematological hospitalized patient (2018)

Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of albumin treatment in non-critical and non-oncohematological patients according to published evidence. Method: Retrospective multicentric observational study of patients treated with albumin during 2013 in four Spanish university hospitals. Data collected were: demographics, albumin indication, albumin daily dose (ADD; g/day), albumin total dose administered during treatment (ATD; g) or (ATD; g/Kg), serum albumin value (SALB) at the beginning (BSALB; g/L) and at the end of albumin treatment (ESALB; g/L), albumin treatment duration (TD; days) and status at discharge (dead or alive). Median (IQR) of age, ADD, ATD, BSALB, ESALB, serum albumin increase (SALBI) and TD was estimated globally and stratified by albumin indication. BSALB values were stratified in three groups for analyzing their evolution during treatment. Results: 475 patients were included. Albumin prescription was inappropriate in 39.6% of patients. The main inappropriate indication was edema refractory to diuretics in non-hepatic pathology with BSALB ≥20g/L (24.8%, 118 of 475). Overall median ADD was 25g/day (20-30) and presented statistically significant differences between albumin indication (F = 6.779; p = 0). Median TD was 4 days (2-6). Only 61% patients had BSALBV and ESALBV. Median SALB increased from 24 g/L (20-28) to 30 g/L (26-34). BSALB subgroup analysis showed that patients with BSALB ≥25 g/L presented lower increments than patients with BSALB <25 g/L (F = 25.98; p = 0). Conclusions: Albumin prescription profile is not consistent with published recommendations. In this study, more than one third of the prescriptions were inappropriate. It is necessary to promote prospective educational programs to improve adherence to the clinical practice guidelines approved in the hospital in order to achieve cost-effective practice
Evaluation of Image Noise in Prospectively Respiratory Gated PET (2006)

The aim of this study was to quantify image noise and signal recovery in respiratory gated PET. A Jaszczak phantom filled with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F was placed on a platform moving sinusoidally. Two source to background activity ratios were used: 5:1 and 3:1 (sphere:background). An Anzai belt, a surface tension monitoring device, was strapped around the phantom to track the motion and to trigger the gated PET cycle. Data were acquired into 12 bins throughout one gating cycle. The binned data were also summed to produce image sets representing acquisitions with different numbers of gates, including a non-gated image set. The image noise was estimated using the bootstrap method. Images were generated from 100 sinogram replicates, reconstructed using OSEM, and filtered to a final image resolution of 6 mm. From the reconstructed image replicates, mean and standard deviation images were created, from which the average image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of each sphere were calculated. The SNR and CNR were evaluated as a function of the number of gates. The SNR and CNR result in the expected Poisson limited correlation with the number of gates for the larger lesions. Because of the motion, the CNR calculated from the images produced with no or few gates is nearly a factor of 2 less than the expected value for the 3 smallest spheres. As the number of gates increases, the CNR correlates with the expected values. Beyond 4 gates, image noise dominates over any signal improvement, which is reflected in the low CNR values of the smallest spheres. The results of this study show that gating can provide significant improvement in signal recovery with minimal loss of CNR for small, moving lesions
Crack Detection and Monitoring Using Passive Wireless Sensor (2009)

This paper presents an antenna sensor that can detect and monitor crack remotely and passively. Since this antenna sensor does not need electric wires for power supply and data transmission, it has great potential to be implemented as large area sensor skin with high spatial resolution, simple configuration and remote-interrogation capability. The sensor fabrication, the sensor characterization procedure and the non-contact interrogation technique are presented. The experimental results demonstrated that the antenna sensor is sensitive to crack growth and can be interrogated remotely.
Serum Amyloid A Promotes Lung Neutrophilia by Increasing IL-17A Levels in the Mucosa and γδ T Cells (2013)

The SAA-IL-17A axis represents an important innate defense network that may underlie persistent neutrophilic airway inflammation in COPD and modulating the ALX/FPR2 receptor represents a novel approach to targeting aberrant IL-17A-mediated lung immunity.
Binary morphological coding of grayscale images (2003)

One approach to image coding is to segment the original gray-scale image and then encode the boundaries and the interiors of the segments to represent the image. The authors propose a novel image coding method based on this approach, with an important difference. With the proposed coding technique, an alternative representation of the image segments is used; instead of segment boundaries, morphological skeletons are used to represent the segments. The skeleton is a thin-lined caricature of the segment that summarizes its shape and conveys information about its size, orientation, and connectivity. A binary image morphological skeletonization procedure is used to create skeletons of the image segments. In this way, the gray-scale image is represented for coding purposes by the skeletons and the intensities of the segments. Preliminary estimates show a data rate of 0.12 bits per pixel can be obtained with this coding technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Predictive Signs of Discogenic Lumbar Pain on Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Discography Correlation (1998)

Although the lumbar intervertebral discs with posterior combined anular tears are likely to produce pain, the validity of these signs for predicting discogenic lumbar pain is limited.
Magnetic states and structural transformations in Sm(Co,Cu)5and Sm(Co,Fe,Cu)5permanent magnets (2005)

We have studied the stability of RCo5−xCux (R = Y, Sm) compounds with respect to phase separation. First principles density functional calculations imply that (i) decomposition into two phases having different x is energetically favourable and (ii) both the stable x values and the Cu atomic site preferences depend on the magnetic state of the alloys. Guided by this result, we studied the structure and magnetic properties of different Sm(Co,Cu)5 and Sm(Co,Fe,Cu)5 alloys. Separation into two chemically dissimilar Sm(Co,Cu)5 phases is typical for the as-made Sm(Co,Cu)5 alloys. We also observed in different alloys a universal correlation between the room-temperature coercivity and the magnetic state at the temperature of annealing. The coercivity increases significantly if annealed 100–140°C below the Curie temperature; in particular, for SmCo2.25Fe0.75Cu2, the room-temperature coercivity increases from 12.3 to 37.3 kOe. The possibility of different magnetic state-dependent structure transformations is discussed. The experimental results do not support the spinodal decomposition theory, so we suggest that the coercivity increase might be caused by a change in preferred atomic site occupancies.
Mutations within the env gene of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus: effects on protein transport and SU-TM association (1992)

By deletion mutagenesis analyses, we have examined the contribution of the immunosuppressive peptide (ISP) region within the transmembrane (TM) protein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus to viral maturation and infectivity. Deletion of the entire region (mutant D105) results in the production of an Env precursor that is transport defective and therefore unable to be processed to mature glycoproteins. This mutation results in the release of noninfectious virions devoid of surface glycoproteins. A second deletion that removes the most highly conserved 11 amino acids of the ISP (mutant D33) does not affect the production, transport, or processing of the Env precursor yet produces virions that are noninfectious. The mutation was shown to cause the loss of interaction between the surface (SU) and TM proteins and result in the efficient shedding of gp70 into the culture medium. The released gp70 protein was biologically active and could still bind with high specificity to susceptible target cells. Since the ISP domain may represent an area of contact between SU and TM, it could provide an additional explanation for the amino acid sequence homology observed within this region of a variety of retroviruses.
ChemInform Abstract: COPPER‐PROMOTED ARYLATION OF PENTAFLUOROBENZENE (1974)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) mit den Aryljodiden (II) in siedendem Pyridin in Gegenwart von Cu(I)‐ oder Ag(I)‐oxid werden die Biphenyle (III) erhalten.
Acoustic correlates of linguistic stress and accent in Dutch and American English (2002)

In the literature the same acoustic correlates of stress and accent have been established for Dutch and English, i.e. F0 movement, duration, intensity and vowel quality. A.M.C. Sluijter and V.J. Van Heuven (1996) showed that F0 movement and overall intensity in Dutch differentiate only between accented and non-accented syllables, rather than between stressed and unstressed. The most reliable acoustic correlates of stress were duration and high frequency emphasis. Vowel quality differed significantly only in lexical items, but was only a weak correlate in reiterant speech copies. We reconsider the acoustical correlates of stress and accent in American English (AE) and compare the results with the Dutch results. We offer an analysis of the discriminating strength of the parameters in an attempt to optimally distinguish initial and final stressed tokens by machine, using LDA.
Hereditary multiple osteochondromas in Jordanian patients: Mutational and immunohistochemical analysis of EXT1 and EXT2 genes (2020)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) in a subset of Jordanian patients with a focus on the genetic variants of exostosin (<i>EXT1</i>)/(<i>EXT2</i>) and their protein expression. Patients with HMO and their family members were included. Recorded clinical characteristics included age, sex, tumors number and location, joint deformities and associated functional limitations. Mutational analysis of <i>EXT1</i> and <i>EXT2</i> exonic regions was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for EXT1 and EXT2 was performed manually using two different commercially available rabbit anti-human EXT1 and EXT2 antibodies. A total of 16 patients with HMO from nine unrelated families were included, with a mean age of 13.9 years. A total of 75% (12/16) of the patients were male and (69%) (11/16) had a mild disease (class I). <i>EXT</i> mutation analysis revealed only <i>EXT1</i> gene mutations in 13 patients. Seven variants were detected, among which three were novel: c.1019G>A, p. (Arg340His), c.962+1G>A and c.1469del, p. (Leu490Argfs*9). Of the 16 patients, 3 did not harbor any mutations for either <i>EXT1</i> or <i>EXT2</i>. Immunohistochemical examination revealed decreased expression of EXT1 protein in all patients with <i>EXT1</i> mutation. Surprisingly, EXT2 protein was not detected in these patients, although none had <i>EXT2</i> mutations. The majority of Jordanian patients with HMO, who may represent an ethnic group that is infrequently investigated, were males and had a mild clinical disease course; whereas most patients with <i>EXT1</i> gene mutations were not necessarily associated with a severe clinical disease course. The role of <i>EXT2</i> gene remains a subject of debate, since patients with <i>EXT1</i> mutations alone did not express the non-mutated <i>EXT2</i> gene.