gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trickle-based interference cancellation schemes for CDMA systems (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to interference cancellation (IC) for code division multiple access (CDMA) uplink transmission. Several models combining principles of serial (SIC) and parallel (PIC) interference cancellation are discussed. The proposed scheme is derived from the analysis of these hybrid models and applies a user configuration algorithm (termed ldquotricklerdquo) in order to provide improved bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The algorithm utilizes an adaptive matrix to compute the required configuration to be used for the subsequent interference cancellation stage. We demonstrate that significant performance improvements can be achieved over various hybrid schemes. A reduced-complexity version of the trickle algorithm is also introduced where the processing delay is greatly reduced while maintaining similar performance. We present several numerical examples through which we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms relative to existing interference cancellation algorithms.
Automated detection of the left ventricular region in gated nuclear cardiac imaging (1996)

An approach to automated outlining the left ventricular contour and its bounded area in gated isotopic ventriculography is proposed. Its purpose is to determine the ejection fraction (EF), an important parameter for measuring cardiac function. The method uses a modified version of the fuzzy C-means (MFCM) algorithm and a labeling technique. The MFCM algorithm is applied to the end diastolic (ED) frame and then the (FCM) is applied to the remaining images in a "box" of interest. The MFCM generates a number of fuzzy clusters. Each cluster is a substructure of the heart (left ventricle,...). A cluster validity index to estimate the optimum clusters number present in image data point is used. This index takes account of the homogeneity in each cluster and is connected to the geometrical property of data set. The labeling is only performed to achieve the detection process in the ED frame. Since the left ventricle (LV) cluster has the greatest area of the cardiac images sequence in ED phase, a framing operation is performed to obtain, automatically, the "box" enclosing the LV cluster. THe EF assessed in 50 patients by the proposed method and a semi-automatic one, routinely used, are presented. A good correlation between the two methods EF values is obtained (R = 0.93). The LV contour found has been judged very satisfactory by a team of trained clinicians.
Noninvasive Ultrasound Imaging of Inflammation Using Microbubbles Targeted to Activated Leukocytes (2000)

-We conclude that noninvasive assessment of inflammation is possible by ultrasound imaging of microbubbles targeted to activated leukocytes by the presence of PS in the lipid shell.
Plasticity and hydrolytic weakening of quartz single crystals (1984)

The historical record and experimental data on the plasticity of quartz crystals are reviewed, including the discovery of the important phenomenon of hydrolytic weakening. Quartz deforms by slip on numerous planes, generally with Burgers vectors 1/3&lt; &gt; and [0001]; &lt; c + a &gt; slip may be activated when resolved shear stresses on a and c slip systems are low. Dry natural crystals deformed in an anhydrous environment are very strong, with strengths approaching the intrinsic “theoretical” values, at temperatures up to 1000°C. Synthetic crystals with high OH concentrations and dry crystals heat‐treated in a hydrous environment are anomalously weak above a critical temperature (T c ) that varies inversely with OH content. There is a transition in the preferred slip system in crystals equally stressed for a and c slip that coincides with the hydrolytic weakening temperature (T c ). Yielding and flow in all crystals below their respective critical weakening temperatures appear to be controlled by a lattice resistance mechanism, characterized by a low activation energy and very small activation area. Above the critical temperatures, it appears that crystal flow is facilitated by diffusion of “water,” or some related hydroxy defect, to the dislocations, causing hydrolysis of the strong Si‐O‐Si bonds and aiding bond exchange. This process may assist glide or climb of dislocations–or both–and appears to be rate‐limiting. There is evidence that hydrolytic weakening is strongly influenced by confining pressure, possibly through the solubility or diffusivity of H 2 O or its components in quartz. The change in slip systems at the weakening temperature is attributable to anisotropy of the diffusivity. Similarly, a discontinuity in the creep rates of synthetic crystals, with a concomitant change of activation energy, at the α‐β transition is consistent with observed changes in diffusivity at the transition temperature. The experimental data are not yet complete enough to construct an adequate microdynamical model of the flow mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Indolyl N‐Substituted Glycines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Ultrasonic Surface Waves in the Determination of Residual Stress in Metals (1960)

In some early experiments in ultrasonic reflectoscopy [F. A. Firestone and J. R. Frederick, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 18, 204 (1946)] it was observed that residual stresses in metals cause a change in the velocity of surface (Rayleigh) waves by a few tenths of a percent. This work has been extended and the measurement techniques improved. Results obtained on various aluminum and steel alloys under different states of stress will be presented.
A 1.3-Mbit Annealing System Composed of Fully-Synchronized 9-board x 9-chip x 16-kbit Annealing Processor Chips for Large-Scale Combinatorial Optimization Problems (2021)

Combinatorial optimization problems, which are categorized into NP-hard problems, are emerging in ever-growing social systems, such as logistics, traffic, and so on. A new computer architecture, called an annealing processor (AP) [1–4], has advanced to solve such difficult problems efficiently as an accelerator in the computing systems. A specific type of AP discovers the ground state (optimal combination of variables, spins) of an Ising model in a short time by highly parallelizing the spin state update process based on simulated annealing (SA) [2–4]. We have built boards with nine AP chips connected to each other [5]. To lunch the annealing systems for real usage, it is necessary to provide a larger-scale annealing system. We built a multiple-board annealing system (AS) with a simple multi-board control beyond the multi-chip AS for the increasing amount of data in the real-world optimization problems. In order to realize such system, it is necessary to adopt a method in which the host board connected to the PC controls the other slave boards, rather than controlling each board individually. Our CMOS-AS consists of three technologies: (i) a routing table to control communication between boards, (ii) a technology to synchronize the annealing process on each chip, and (iii) a compression technology for efficient propagation of spin information in inter-board communication where data transmission amount is limited. The CMOS-AS demonstrated noise reduction as an example of combinatorial optimization problems and multi-board operation of the 9x9x16k spin system with an annealing speed at least three orders of magnitude faster and higher accuracy than running the SG3 and SA on a CPU, conventional technologies to solve optimization problems.
Lane detection based on random hough transform on region of interesting (2010)

In order to improve computational speed of the lane detection, we proposes a new road edge algorithm. The innovation of this algorithm is that it combined with ideas region of interesting (ROI) and random Hough transform (RHT). In this paper we proposed some constraints on the road model, making the algorithm with a high anti-interference performance. The algorithm consists of the initial road edge detection and the follow-up tracking of road borders. In the initial edge detection we used the Hough transform; in the path tracking we used RHT on the ROI to improve computing speed.
A proposal for the reclassification of Bdellovibrio stolpii and Bdellovibrio starrii into a new genus, Bacteriovorax gen. nov. as Bacteriovorax stolpii comb. nov. and Bacteriovorax starrii comb. nov., respectively. (2000)

Bdellovibrios are unique bacteria with the ability to prey upon a wide variety of susceptible Gram-negative bacteria. Micro-organisms exhibiting this trait have been included in the genus Bdellovibrio despite their isolation from diverse habitats and relatively unstudied taxonomic relatedness. In this study, 16S rDNA sequences were compared from known terrestrial Bdellovibrio species, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 100T, Bdellovibrio stolpii Uki2T and Bdellovibrio starrii A3.12T in order to study their phylogenetic relationship. The two sequences from B. stolpii Uki2T and B. starrii A3.12T were 90.0% similar to each other but exhibited only 81.7% and 81.2% similarity, respectively to B. bacteriovorus 100T. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. bacteriovorus 100T clustered in a separate clade from B. starrii A3.12T and B. stolpii Uki2T, demonstrating only a distant relationship between B. bacteriovorus 100T and the other two recognized type species. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments also demonstrated <4% hybridization between these three species. On the basis of the results obtained from the phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization studies, it is proposed that B. stolpii Uki2T and B. starrii A3.12T should be transferred to a new genus, Bacteriovorax gen. nov. as Bacteriovorax stolpii comb. nov. and Bacteriovorax starrii comb. nov., respectively. It is also proposed that the type species for the new genus Bacteriovorax should be Bacteriovorax stolpii comb. nov.
Sustaining Ad-driven P2P streaming ecosystems: A market-based approach (2015)

Inconsistent quality of service is a significant problem in P2P-based video streaming systems. Pauses in playback are common for low capacity peers as they often upload relatively little compared to high capacity peers, and thus suffer from the `lack of reciprocity' problem. In this work, we propose an Ad-driven Streaming P2p ECosysTem (ASPECT) that aims to eliminate the problem of playback pauses by adopting `reduced advertisement viewing duration' as a positive incentive for peers to provide high upload rates. ASPECT rewards high capacity peers by reducing their advertisement viewing duration, when they provide more opportunities for lower capacity peers to download data. We build our research problem on a utility-theoretic market-based model, where the market stakeholders consist of a content provider, an advertisement provider, and network peers. Using concepts from game theory, we determine the system parameters to reach market efficiency, and study the practical implications of equilibria on the satisfaction of stakeholders' interests. From a system design perspective, one of our primary goals is to compute the equilibria advertisement viewing durations, that offer sufficient incentives for network peers to continue contributing. We evaluate ASPECT through an extensive simulation-based study. The results demonstrate that ASPECT mitigates the `playback pause' problem for peers by at least 80% compared to existing approaches, results in appropriate advertisement viewing durations for all peers based on their contributions, and at the same time generates sufficient profit for the advertiser to be part of the market.
Um caso de Construção Colaborativa de Conhecimento e Desenvolvimento Educacional Interdisciplinar com Mediação das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (2005)

Este trabalho apresenta uma experiência colaborativa interdisciplinar apoiada por computador, cuja implementação contribuiu para ampliar e convergir conhecimentotécnico, intelectual e pedagógico dos indivíduos. Através da construção da experiência, houve investigação e reflexão sobre a conservação da memória cultural de um lugar queé patrimônio histórico brasileiro. A sinergia entre o processo de estilização da pintura de Alfredo Volpi, seus aspectos histórico e cultural, e a criação de um ambiente interativo de visualização em três dimensões (3D) com base em visualização de informação e nas técnicas de realidade virtual foram os instrumentos usados para construir o projeto. Como resultados da experiência envolvendo a convergência entre Educação, Artes, Cultura e Ciências com suporte das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TICs), vivenciamos formas mais dinâmicas e interativas de “aprender a aprender”, “aprender a pensar”, comunicar e de representar saberes com baixo custo, criatividade e alta qualidade.
Reactivity of Nucleophilic Reagents toward Esters (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of Nucleophilic Reagents toward EstersWilliam P. Jencks and Joan CarriuoloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 7, 1778–1786Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01492a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01492a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2320Altmetric-Citations320LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
O‐(Triazolyl)methyl Carbamates as a Novel and Potent Class of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors (2014)

Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity is under investigation as a valuable strategy for the treatment of several disorders, including pain and drug addiction. A number of potent FAAH inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes have been disclosed to date; O-aryl carbamates are one of the most representative families. In the search for novel FAAH inhibitors, a series of O-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized exploiting a copper- catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes (click chemistry). Exploration of the structure-activity relationships within this new class of compounds identified potent inhibitors of both rat and human FAAH with IC50 values in the single-digit nanomolar range. In addition, these derivatives showed improved stability in rat plasma and kinetic solubility in buffer with respect to the lead compound. Based on the results of the study, the novel analogues identified can be considered to be promising starting point for the development of new FAAH inhibitors with improved drug-like properties.
A hyaluronan preparation (500-730 kDa) in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a review of clinical trials with Hyalgan. (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to review the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with the hyaluronan preparation 500-730 kDa (Hyalgan). Reviewing the results of 24 clinical trials, it can be concluded that 3-5 weekly injections of Hyalgan significantly improve the pain and functional status of patients with OA. Although the onset of improvement is delayed by 3-4 weeks, the effect can last at least six months and up to one year after treatment cessation. The benefits of Hyalgan compared with intra-articular corticosteroids are also addressed. The potential for Hyalgan to have a structure-modifying action by retarding stuctural progression in OA of the knee is considered. However, further studies of Hyalgan in OA in other joints, and in damaged joints in rheumatoid arthritis, are needed.
METHOD OF DETERMINING RADON CONTENT IN THE AIR EXHALED BY MEN. (1967)

The aim of this paper was to investigate whether rotenone, a pesticide causing experimental parkinsonism, causes direct damage to dopaminergic structure when injected intracerebrally and whether this action may be prevented by peripheral administration of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), an endogenous compound with anti-dopaminergic activity. Male Wistar rats were injected unilaterally into the median forebrain bundle with 2 microg rotenone, and received 1MeTIQ, 50 mg/kg i.p. 1 h before and then daily for 21 d. To compare the effect of intracerebral and peripheral treatment, rotenone was also given once or for 7 d in a dose of 10 mg/kg s.c. Dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites were assessed by HPLC in the substantia nigra and striatum. While a single subcutaneous rotenone dose did not produce any change in striatal dopamine metabolism, the multiple treatments resulted in changes suggesting a shift in the metabolism towards oxidative desamination and reduction of O-methylation. In contrast to systemic injections, intracerebral-administered rotenone produced a decrease in dopamine and its metabolites content in the striatum (dopamine decrease by 70%) and substantia nigra (dopamine decrease by 35%), without affecting the serotonin system. As those changes were observed 21 d after the injection of rotenone, they suggest a durable neurotoxic effect. The treatment with 1MeTIQ strongly reduced the fall of striatal dopamine concentration. The data suggest that rotenone given peripherally affects metabolic processes in dopaminergic neurons, and this seems to result from its neurotoxic action, which may be observed after an intracerebral injection. 1MeTIQ is able to counteract the damaging action of rotenone and seems to be a potential neuroprotective agent.
Smart Sensors for Environmental and Medical Applications (2020)

"This book presents a comprehensive overview of chemical sensors, ranging from the choice of material to the sensor validation and through their modeling and simulation and manufacturing technology processes, which have been developed so far. It addresses the process of data collection by intelligent techniques such as deep learning, multivariate analysis, etc. The book incorporates different types of smart chemical sensors and discusses each under a common set of sub-sections. In this way readers are educated on the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant transducers depending on the design, transduction mode and final applications. The book covers all major aspects of the primary constituents of the field of smart chemical sensors including working principle and related theory, sensor materials, classification of respective transducer type, relevant fabrication processes, methods for data analysis and suitable application"--
Representation of second-order polarisation modedispersion (1999)

A new expansion for the Jones matrix of a transmission medium is used to describe high-order polarisation dispersion. Each term in the expansion is characterised by a pair of principal states and the corresponding dispersion parameters. With these descriptors, a new expression for pulse deformation is derived and confirmed by simulation.
Objective evaluation of the changes in the crystalline lens during accommodation in young and presbyopic populations using Pentacam HR system. (2011)

Our data showed that the shallowing of anterior chamber during accommodation was caused by the forward bulging of the anterior lens surface, rather than by anterior shifting of lens position in either young or presbyopic subjects.
Abstract S1-6: Results of a randomized phase 2 study of PD 0332991, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, in combination with letrozole vs letrozole alone for first-line treatment of ER+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (BC) (2012)

Abstract Background: PD 0332991, a selective inhibitor of CDK 4/6, prevents cellular DNA synthesis by blocking cell cycle progression. Preclinical studies in a BC cell line panel identified the luminal ER subtype, elevated expression of cyclin D1 and Rb protein, and reduced p16 expression as being associated with sensitivity to PD 0332991 (Finn et al. 2009). Synergistic activity was also observed in vitro when combined with tamoxifen. After determination of the recommended phase 2 dose in combination with letrozole (letrozole 2.5 mg QD plus PD 0332991 125 mg QD on Schedule 3/1), a randomized phase 2 study comparing letrozole alone (L) to letrozole plus PD 0332991 (L+P) was initiated. Methods: The phase 2 portion of the study was designed as a two-part study; Part 1 enrolled post- menopausal women with ER+/HER2− advanced BC; Part 2 in addition to ER+/HER2− as eligibility criteria, screened for CCND1 amplification and/or loss of p16 by FISH. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints include response rate, overall survival, safety, and correlative biomarker studies. In both parts, post-menopausal women with ER+/HER2− advanced BC were randomized 1:1 to receive letrozole either with or without PD 0332991. Pts continue on assigned study treatment until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal, and are followed for tumor assessments every 2 months. Results: 66 pts were randomized in Part 1 and 99 pts in Part 2. Preliminary results from Part 1 of this study have been previously reported (IMPAKT Breast Cancer Conference, Abstract #292, Finn et al. May 2012) demonstrating a significant improvement in median PFS in the L+P vs. L arm (HR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.72; p = 0.006). With the additional 99 pts randomized in Part 2 (N = 165), the statistically significant improvement in median PFS (26.2 vs. 7.5 months, respectively) continues to be observed with a HR=0.32 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.56) with p &amp;lt;0.001. The response rate for the L+P arm (n = 84) was 31% vs. 26% for the L arm (n = 81) and the clinical benefit rate was 68% vs. 44%, respectively. The most commonly reported treatment-related AEs in the combination arm were neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, and fatigue. The updated results from the combined Part 1 and Part 2 group will be presented in December 2012. Conclusions: The combination of PD 0332991 and letrozole is well tolerated and shows encouraging clinical benefit, confirming the sensitivity of ER+ BC to PD 0332991 observed in preclinical models. A phase 3 trial in this setting will commence in 2013. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S1-6.