gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of cancer in dogs and humans: A consequence of recent extension of lifespan beyond evolutionarily determined limitations? (2022)

Cancer is among the most common causes of death for dogs (and cats) and humans in the developed world, even though it is uncommon in wildlife and other domestic animals. We provide a rationale for this observation based on recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary basis of cancer. Over the course of evolutionary time, species have acquired and fine-tuned adaptive cancer protective mechanisms that are intrinsically related to their energy demands, reproductive strategies, and expected lifespan. These cancer protective mechanisms are general across species and/or specific to each species and their niche, and they do not seem to be limited in diversity. The evolutionarily acquired cancer-free longevity that defines a species' life history can explain why the relative cancer risk, rate, and incidence are largely similar across most species in the animal kingdom despite differences in body size and life expectancy. The molecular, cellular, and metabolic events that promote malignant transformation and cancerous growth can overcome these adaptive, species-specific protective mechanisms in a small proportion of individuals, while independently, some individuals in the population might achieve exceptional longevity. In dogs and humans, recent dramatic alterations in healthcare and social structures have allowed increasing numbers of individuals in both species to far exceed their species-adapted longevities (by 2-4 times) without allowing the time necessary for compensatory natural selection. In other words, the cancer protective mechanisms that restrain risk at comparable levels to other species for their adapted lifespan are incapable of providing cancer protection over this recent, drastic and widespread increase in longevity.
Localization of Au Nanoclusters on Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets: Confinement‐Induced Emission Enhancement and Temperature‐Responsive Luminescence (2015)

Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) stand for a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties due to their discrete electronic energy and direct electron transition. However, relative low quantum yield (QY) of Au NCs in aqueous or solid state has limited their photofunctional applications. To improve the fluorescent performances of Au NCs and find an effective approach for the fabrication of Au NCs‐based films, in this work, Au NCs are localized onto 2D layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanosheets via a layer‐by‐layer assembly process; the as‐fabricated (Au NCs/LDH) n ultrathin films (UTFs) show an ordered and dense immobilization of Au NCs. The localization and confinement effects imposed by LDH nanosheets induce significantly increased emissive Au(I) units as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and periodic density functional theoretical simulation, which further results in promoted QY (from 2.69% to 14.11%) and prolonged fluorescence lifetime (from 1.84 µs to 14.67 µs). Moreover, the ordered (Au NCs/LDH) n UTFs exhibit well‐defined temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) responses. Therefore, this work supplies a facile strategy to achieve the immobilization of Au NCs and obtain Au NCs‐based thin films with high luminescent properties, which have potential applications in PL and ECL temperature sensors.
Is the glycine site half saturated or half unsaturated? Effects of glutamatergic drugs in schizophrenia patients (2006)

The present findings continue to support the use of N-methyl-D-aspartate/glycine site agonists as potential new treatments for persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Ongoing work with novel compounds and new formulations may assist in the translation of these advances into clinic-ready pharmacotherapies.
Monospecific Polyclonal Anti‐Anti‐Idiotypic Antibodies to the Carboxyterminal Undecapeptide of the SV40 Large Tumour Antigen (1995)

The murine monoclonal antibody PAb1605 defines an epitope, peptide Lys(698)-Thr(708) (KT), on the carboxyterminus of the tumour(T)antigen of SV40-transformed cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments had shown that this sequence represents an epitope for both humoral and cellular immune responses. When injected into rabbits PAb1605 induces anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab-2). Ab-2 beta (internal image type) was purified by adsorption chromatography and characterized by the ability of KT to compete with the binding of ab-2 with ab-1. Murine anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (ab-3) were obtained by immunization of mice with ab-2 beta. Both ab-1 and ab-3 JgG showed affinities to immunoprecipitated SV40 T antigen by immunoblot analysis and to nuclear SV40 T antigen by the immunofluorescence assay. The binding of ab-3 to SV40 T antigen was completely inhibited by competition with KT. We conclude that the polyclonal ab-3 is of the ab-3 subtype and specific for only one epitope which is represented by KT and defined by ab-1. The results demonstrate that the specificity for a defined peptide epitope of an antibody was conserved even after two consecutive steps of anti-idiotypic-antibody formation in two host species. Since this postulate of network theory could be verified for a sequence of a tumour-associated antigen which represents a B- and T cell epitope, this model is of great interest for further tumour immunological studies.
Retransmission scheme for MPEG streams in mission critical multimedia applications (2002)

Since multimedia data are characterized by continuity and massive volume, compression techniques such as MPEG are used for efficient transmission. However, transmission error occurring at a frame tends to be propagated to other frames because MPEG frames cross-reference one another upon presentation. Due to time constraints, it is usual to discard without retransmission the data which have transmission errors or which cause serious delay. But in cases of multimedia applications where retransmission is required (for example, mission critical applications), the QoS may be severely deteriorated by the continuous loss caused by propagation if damaged frames are simply discarded. We propose a selective retransmission method where the number of retransmissions can be reduced without losing QoS and data continuity. Since the proposed method keeps track of error propagation ranges using virtual buffers which have information about the sizes and types of frames before transmission, the number of retransmissions from the transmitter to the receiver can be minimized by selecting and retransmitting the recoverable data only. Simulation results show the proposed method reduces retransmission cost considerably while maintaining QoS similar to the case of unconditionally retransmitting all the damaged data.
The NusA and NusG proteins of Escherichia coli increase the in vitro readthrough frequency of a transcriptional attenuator preceding the gene for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. (1992)

The genes for the beta (rpoB) and beta' (rpoC) subunits of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase are the distal members of a complex transcriptional unit that contains four upstream ribosomal protein genes. The RNA polymerase subunit genes are transcribed at a lower frequency than the ribosomal protein genes as a result of termination at an attenuator preceding rpoB. A purified in vitro transcription system was developed using linear DNA templates that carry the attenuator. The ability of known termination and antitermination proteins to modulate termination at the attenuator was tested. Both NusA and NusG increase the frequency of transcriptional readthrough at the attenuator whereas NusB, S10, and Rho had no significant effect in this system.
Charge storage mechanism in nanoporous carbons and its consequence for electrical double layer capacitors (2010)

Electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are energy storage devices that fill the gap between batteries and dielectric capacitors. Thanks to their unique features, they have a key role to play in energy storage and harvesting, acting as a complement to or even a replacement of batteries which has already been achieved in various applications. One of the challenges in the supercapacitor area is to increase their energy density. Some recent discoveries regarding ion adsorption in microporous carbon exhibiting pores in the nanometre range can help in designing the next generation of high-energy-density supercapacitors.
Volumetric analysis of lung nodules using a hybrid algorithm (2004)

Helical computed tomography (CT) is the premier modality for chest imaging and is increasingly used to detect lung nodules and quantify their size. Several automated methods have been developed to maximize the precision of volume measurement of a nodule once it is identified. Binary variable threshold (VT) and the partial volume (PV) are two commonly used techniques for estimating nodule volume. We present and validate on a phantom an algorithm that combines the benefits of VT and PV techniques. The process begins by defining an initial binary approximation, Wi, The hybrid algorithm then constructs a hollow shell dW around the edges. The shell dW is designed to maximize the likelihood of containing the lung-nodule interface, while minimizing the containment of both the core of nodule and the surrounding lung. Finally, the PV method is applied to dW and the resulting volume is added to the interior volume to obtain the volume of the entire nodule. We have implemented the hybrid method and validated it on a realistic chest phantom that contained 40 simulated nodules. The absolute error of VT and PV was 2.3 mm<sup>3</sup>, with a standard deviation of 2.0 mm<sup>3</sup>. The hybrid method performed better, with an absolute error of 2.2 mm<sup>3</sup> and a standard deviation of 1.9 mm<sup>3</sup>. The algorithm appears to be a promising tool in evaluating the growth of lung nodule.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Clinical Response of Carcinomas Harboring the BRD4–NUT Oncoprotein to the Targeted Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015/MK-8628 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MYC and beta-catenin expression patterns in Patient 2 biopsies.&lt;/p&gt;
Multimedia building blocks for distributed applications (2002)

Building blocks for multimedia integration into distributed applications are special components decorated with three types of interfaces: first, the management interface for access to application management, resource reservation and so on; second, the data interface as data sink or data source for multimedia data communication; third, the user control interface to connect the building block to control the multimedia functions by the application. The object oriented approach to interface specification leads to an interface hierarchy. Only the top levels of the hierarchy are predefined. Interfaces for any special application can be build by refinement and multiple inheritance. The multimedia application definition using the building blocks defined as components is a general approach that can easily integrate existing development tools.
Training Effect in an Exchange Bias System: The Role of Interfacial Domain Walls (2006)

Polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) is used to obtain the magnetic depth profile of an antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnetic/ferrimagnetic bilayer, Gd40Fe60/Tb12Fe88. This system shows a transition from positive to negative exchange bias field H(E) as the cooling field H(cf) is increased from small to large positive value. It also exhibits training behavior upon field cycling which affects H(E) and the coercive field H(C). From the PNR measurements at room temperature and at 15 K, we confirm that the magnetic configuration inside the TbFe layer is frozen when the sample is cooled in various H(cf). The thickness and pitch of the magnetic twist inside the TbFe layer depend on H(cf) and give rise to the observed differences in the bias field. Irreversible reorganization of the TbFe magnetization at the interface occurs upon GdFe magnetization reversal and is found to explain the training effect as well as the overall reduction in coercivity.
FOPE II Report Summary and Pediatric Subspecialists (2002)

To the Editor —

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from the members of the FOPE II Committee. We would like to clarify that the FOPE II commentary was written by members of the Council of Sections Management Committee as representing the opinion of the numerous medical and surgical subspecialty sections of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

The concerns we expressed related to the summary of the FOPE II report, not the full report. We formulated our concern and wrote the commentary before the full report …
The ESPRI Project: differential delay lines for PRIMA (2008)

ESPRI is a project which aims at searching for and characterizing extra-solar planets by dual-beam astrometry with PRIMA@VLTI. Differential Delay Lines (DDL) are fundamental for achieving the micro-arcseconds accuracy required by the scientific objective. Our Consortium, consisting of the Geneva Observatory, the Max-Planck Institut for Astronomy Heidelberg, and the Landessternwarte Heidelberg, in collaboration with ESO, has built and tested these DDLs successfully and will install them in summer 2008 at the VLTI. These DDLs consist of high quality cat's eyes displaced on a parallel beam-mechanics and by means of a two-stage actuation with a precision of 5 nm over a stroke length of 70 mm. Over the full range, a bandwidth of about 400 Hz is achieved. The DDLs are operated in vacuum. We shall present, in this paper, their design and their exceptional performances.
ComEB protein is dispensable for transformation but must be translated for optimal synthesis of ComEC (2020)

Summary We show that the ComEB protein is not required for transformation in Bacillus subtilis, despite its expression from within the comE operon under competence control. We show further that the synthesis of the putative channel protein ComEC is translationally coupled to the upstream comEB open reading frame, so that translation of comEB and a suboptimal ribosomal binding site embedded in its sequence are needed for proper comEC expression. Translational coupling appears to be a common mechanism in three major competence operons for the adjustment of protein amounts independent of transcriptional control, probably ensuring the correct stoichiometries for assembly of the transformation machinery. comEB and comFC respectively encode cytidine deaminase and a protein resembling type 1 phosphoribosyl transferases and we speculate that nucleotide scavenging proteins are produced under competence control for efficient reutilization of the products of degradation of the non-transforming strand during DNA uptake.
ICT convergence-based application service development to support the re-configurability of door trim assembly line (2016)

In this paper, We propose the ICT convergence-based application service to support the re-configurability of door trim assembly line. There is a need for a scheme capable of producing a variety of product models in an assembly line because recent car market has been converted from massive production massive consumption to small production small consumption. So, we develop an application service for reconfiguration considering the complexity and recyclability of assembly line.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Class I HDACs Are Mediators of Smoke Carcinogen–Induced Stabilization of DNMT1 and Serve as Promising Targets for Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 41K&lt;/p&gt;
Correction of Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity by a Modified Chevron Shaft Osteotomy (2006)

Based on radiographic correction and clinical outcomes, this procedure is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities.
Discovering and representing systematic code changes (2009)

Software engineers often inspect program differences when reviewing others' code changes, when writing check-in comments, or when determining why a program behaves differently from expected behavior after modification. Program differencing tools that support these tasks are limited in their ability to group related code changes or to detect potential inconsistencies in those changes. To overcome these limitations and to complement existing approaches, we built Logical Structural Diff (LSdiff), a tool that infers systematic structural differences as logic rules. LSdiff notes anomalies from systematic changes as exceptions to the logic rules. We conducted a focus group study with professional software engineers in a large E-commerce company; we also compared LSdiff's results with textual differences and with structural differences without rules. Our evaluation suggests that LSdiff complements existing differencing tools by grouping code changes that form systematic change patterns regardless of their distribution throughout the code, and its ability to discover anomalies shows promise in detecting inconsistent changes.
Results Following Three Modalities of Periodontal Therapy (1975)

Three methods for treatment of periodontal pockets (subgingival curettage, modified Widman flap surgery, and pocket elimination) were applied as a clinical trial to 82 patients. Follow up results over one to five years after the initial treatment are reported. The variations in attachment levels and pocket depth were analyzed statistically as related to methods of treatment and yearly time intervals following the initial treatment. The most favorable results regarding gain or maintenance of attachment levels and reduction of pocket depth were observed interproximally. Subgingival curettage provided the greatest gain in attachment level up to three years postoperatively, but after four to five years there was no significant difference in results following the three methods. The most significant loss of attachment and return of pocket depth occurred on the buccal aspects of the teeth, and the results were not significantly different for the three methods except at the first year of follow up when the attachment level was maintained best after curettage.
Improving Availability of SBAS Ionospheric Corrections (2005)

The current WAAS/MSAS ionospheric correction procedure is based on the algorithm called as 'planar fit.' The availability of ionospheric corrections for MSAS is, so far, predicted as relatively low due to insufficient measurements for performing planar fit. The storm monitor often trips even for non-storm ionosphere conditions. The authors are introducing zeroth order fit to improve availability of ionospheric corrections. It will be used only when the standard planar fit cannot be applied due to trip of the storm monitor or insufficient number of observations. Additionally, quadratic fit is also introduced to improve the performance of estimation process. It needs good geometry of the distribution of observations being used for fit, so the authors have tested three candidate metrics to determine if quadratic fit can be applied or not. It will be shown that HDOP and condition number metrics are functional for this purpose. With performing zeroth fit, 5-6% of IGPs were saved from the unavailable states for a severe storm condition observed in October 2003. Quadratic fit reduced about 12% of residual error in sense of RMS for 70% of IGPs.
Biomaterial adherent macrophage apoptosis is increased by hydrophilic and anionic substratesinvivo (2002)

An in vivo rat cage implant system was used to identify potential surface chemistries that prevent failure of implanted biomedical devices and prostheses by limiting monocyte adhesion and macrophage fusion into foreign-body giant cells while inducing adherent-macrophage apoptosis. Hydrophobic, hydrophilic, anionic, and cationic surfaces were used for implantation. Analysis of the exudate surrounding the materials revealed no differences between surfaces in the types or levels of cells present. Conversely, the proportion of adherent cells undergoing apoptosis was increased significantly on anionic and hydrophilic surfaces (46 +/- 3.7 and 57 +/- 5.0%, respectively) when compared with the polyethylene terephthalate base surface. Additionally, hydrophilic and anionic substrates provided decreased rates of monocyte/macrophage adhesion and fusion. These studies demonstrate that biomaterial-adherent cells undergo material-dependent apoptosis in vivo, rendering potentially harmful macrophages nonfunctional while the surrounding environment of the implant remains unaffected.
Advanced Dicing Technologies for Combination of Wafer to Wafer and Collective Die to Wafer Direct Bonding (2019)

Feasibility study of alternative dicing technologies for collective die to wafer direct bonding combined with wafer to wafer direct bonded dies has been performed. Several dicing technologies such as blade dicing, laser grooving + plasma dicing, laser grooving + stealth dicing and laser grooving from backside were evaluated for this integration scheme. For the case of blade diced dies, the collective die to wafer direct bonding are not succeeded. This was due to particle interruption, caused by remaining particles from dicing. For the case of laser grooving + plasma dicing and laser grooving from backside, successful die to wafer direct bonding were observed. However, the die edge was not bonded for the case of laser grooving + stealth dicing. This was attributed to the occurrence of the laser recast caused during laser grooving. Based on the characterization of dicing techniques for this approach, we have achieved successful integration of collective die to wafer bonding combined with wafer to wafer bonded dies.
Contemporary Advances in Physics, XXVII The Nucleus, Second Part* (1934)

In this Second Part the major subject is Transmutation: that is to say, the alteration or disintegration of a nucleus, the unique and distinctive part of any atom, by impacts of fast-moving corpuscles. For the last year and a half the pace of progress in this field has been increasingly rapid, and in all likelihood is destined to become yet swifter. This is partly because of the discovery — a discovery due largely to theoretical foresight — that transmutation of some elements is practicable with protons of a relatively modest energy which can be produced in laboratories without any serious difficulty. Partly it is due to the discovery of neutrons and of deutons, particles which apparently possess remarkable ability in effecting certain kinds of transmutation. Partly also it is due to advances and refinements in the methods of working with alpha-particles, the first variety of corpuscle with which disintegration of nuclei was ever achieved. People are already beginning to speak of “nuclear chemistry” as a special branch of science, and this is already almost justified by the number of cases known in which two nuclei interact and produce two others which are recognizable.
Simultaneous Measurement of Multichannel Acoustic Systems (2004)

The time involved in measuring the linear characteristics of acoustic systems is a common problem in audio signal processing. Recent years have witnessed a major advance in multiple-channel sound reproduction systems. Using the simple idea of frequency-domain multiplexing, a technique for performing simultaneous multiple-channel impulse response measurements is proposed. A previous technique that uses time-domain multiplexing is also revisited. Several measurements are performed in order to compare the reliability of simultaneous and sequential methods. Experimental results show that both methods have similar accuracy, but the simultaneous measurement case provides measurement versatility and saves time.