gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RobustPPG: camera-based robust heart rate estimation using motion cancellation (2022)

Camera-based heart rate measurement is becoming an attractive option as a non-contact modality for continuous remote health and engagement monitoring. However, reliable heart rate extraction from camera-based measurement is challenging in realistic scenarios, especially when the subject is moving. In this work, we develop a motion-robust algorithm, labeled RobustPPG, for extracting photoplethysmography signals (PPG) from face video and estimating the heart rate. Our key innovation is to explicitly model and generate motion distortions due to the movements of the person's face. We use inverse rendering to obtain the 3D shape and albedo of the face and environment lighting from video frames and then render the human face for each frame. The rendered face is similar to the original face but does not contain the heart rate signal; facial movements alone cause pixel intensity variation in the generated video frames. Finally, we use the generated motion distortion to filter the motion-induced measurements. We demonstrate that our approach performs better than the state-of-the-art methods in extracting a clean blood volume signal with over 2 dB signal quality improvement and 30% improvement in RMSE of estimated heart rate in intense motion scenarios.
Spatial compounding with tissue harmonic images and monostatic synthetic aperture reconstruction (2006)

A high precision mechanical add-on module was realized to implement a transmission tomography system around a commercial analog ultrasound system. The modular nature of the add-on lets it be used, however, more universally. Without enormous effort the module could be programmed to be coupled to a fully digital high end commercial ultrasound system. A Siemens Antares was used for this work, which allows the acquisition of RF data of high quality B-scans and tissue harmonic imaging (THI) over the Axius Direct Ultrasound Research Interface (URI). This possibility was exploited to explore some more intricate processing options for image compounding in addition to the conventional spatial compounding approach. Several compounding schemes were implemented. One of the two new strategies for compounding consists of calculation of a compound image from the THI data, as the latter is known to possess a better contrast and lateral resolution. While the RF data acquired from various transducer positions provides all the essential input for monostatic synthetic aperture focusing (SAFT), the other strategy was to implement SAFT imaging. The effect of inhomogeneous speed of sound was studies carefully and two different schemes were implemented to overcome the problems of image registration arising from it. The algorithms were tested on polypropylene fiber phantoms in water and ethylene glycol. While the monostatic synthetic aperture reconstruction technique was found to be best in enhancing signal to noise ratio, the speckle reduction was notably better for the THI compounding scheme than that of the conventional compounding strategy. The resulting spatial resolution of the compound images was comparable for the latter two cases and the former technique outperformed the other ones in this respect.
Cyclic ADP-ribose and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate as Alternate Second Messengers for Intracellular Ca2+ Mobilization in Normal and Diabetic β-Cells (1998)

Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization occurs in a variety of cellular processes and is mediated by two major systems, the inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) systems. cADPR has been proposed to be a second messenger for insulin secretion induced by glucose in pancreatic beta-cells (Takasawa, S., Nata, K., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) Science 259, 370-373). Here we show that the cADPR signal system for insulin secretion is replaced by the IP3 system in diabetic beta-cells such as ob/ob mouse islets and RINm5F cells. We measured the cADPR content in these beta-cells by radioimmunoassay and found that the increase of the cADPR content by glucose did not occur in ob/ob mouse islets and RINm5F cells, whereas the increased cADPR level by glucose was observed in normal rat and mouse islets. Microsomes of these diabetic beta-cells released Ca2+ in response to IP3 but not to cADPR. In the diabetic beta-cells, CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cADPR hydrolase) and type 2 ryanodine receptor mRNAs were scarcely detected and, in contrast, an increased expression of IP3 receptor mRNAs was observed. The diabetic beta-cells secreted insulin rather by carbamylcholine than by glucose.
Superfluorescence Limitations on the Inversion Process in Large-Aperture Laser Amplifiers (1969)

A Monte Carlo computation procedure has been used to study the effect of superfluorescence losses upon the design of a large-aperture disk laser system in terms of the enhanced photon flux density. This parameter is indicative of the maximum attainable population inversion. It was found that laser disks up to 6 in. in diam are capable of useful optical energy storage. The technique can also be applied to other laser geometries to estimate superfluorescence effects more readily than previous numerical integration methods.
Elbow (2001)

Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Correspondence to Michael R. Hausman, MD, Leni & Peter W. May, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 5 East 98 th Street, 9 th Floor, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Sensing of Salivary Glucose Using Nano-Structured Biosensors (2016)

The anxiety and pain associated with frequent finger pricking has always been troublesome for diabetics measuring blood glucose (BG) in their daily lives. For this reason, a reliable glucose monitoring system that allows noninvasive measurements is highly desirable. Our main objective is to develop a biosensor that can detect low-level glucose in saliva (physiological range 0.5-20 mg/dL). Salivary glucose (SG) sensors were built using a layer-by-layer self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes, chitosan, gold nanoparticles, and glucose oxidase onto a screen-printed platinum electrode. An electrochemical method was utilized for the quantitative detection of glucose in both buffer solution and saliva samples. A standard spectrophotometric technique was used as a reference method to validate the glucose content of each sample. The disposable glucose sensors have a detection limit of 0.41 mg/dL, a sensitivity of 0.24 μA·s·dL·mg(-1), a linear range of 0.5-20 mg/dL in buffer solution, and a response time of 30 s. A study of 10 healthy subjects was conducted, and SG levels between 1.1 to 10.1 mg/dL were successfully detected. The results revealed that the noninvasive SG monitoring could be an alternative for diabetes self-management at home. This paper is not intended to replace regular BG tests, but to study SG itself as an indicator for the quality of diabetes care. It can potentially help patients control and monitor their health conditions, enabling them to comply with prescribed treatments for diabetes.
An efficient algorithm for defect reconstruction from 3D point cloud (2019)

Defect reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) surface is a challenging task in various industry applications for its speed and accuracy. This paper puts forward a fast, robust and automatic approach which is capable of defect reconstruction by establishing a defect profile model with RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) and Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The method mainly contains three steps: defect profile establishment, profile optimization and surface reconstruction. Employed with the 3D data obtained by a structured light scanner, we have tested on surface with different types of concave defects, the results show the effectiveness of our new technique in practical applications for defect reconstruction.
A Method to Check whether Human Understands Contents of Learning Using Electroencephalogram (2018)

This paper proposes a method to check whether human understands contents of learning using electroencephalogram (EEG). The proposed method consists of three stages; EEG measurement, EEG feature extraction and EEG pattern classification. The EEG feature extraction method (stage) consists of three phases; frequency analysis, band division based on rhythm of brain activities and principal component extraction. The frequency analysis converts an original waveform of EEG into frequency components (bands). In the band division, frequency components were divided into five rhythms (θ , Low-α , High-α , Low-β and High-β waves). In the principal component extraction, we calculate the first and the second principal components using the principal component analysis (PCA). In the EEG pattern classification, support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify EEG patterns based on PCA results. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct experiments using real EEG data. The experimental results suggest that the most important sensing position to record EEG is F7 when checking whether he/she understands contents of learning using EEG.
Importance Driven Environment Map Sampling (2014)

In this paper we present an efficient method for supporting image based lighting (IBL) for bidirectional methods. This improves both sampling of the environment, and the detection and sampling of important regions of the scene, such as windows and doors. These parts of the scene often have a small area proportional to that of the entire scene, so paths which pass through them are generated with a low probability. The method proposed in this paper improves sampling efficiency, by taking into account view importance, and modifies the lighting distribution to use light transport information from the camera. This method automatically constructs a sampling distribution in locations which are relevant to the camera position, thereby improving sampling of light paths. This approach can be applied to several bidirectional rendering methods, and results are shown for bidirectional path tracing, metropolis light transport and progressive photon mapping. When compared to other methods, efficiency results demonstrate speed ups of orders of magnitude.
Conservation of the endemic vascular plant species of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands (1998)

The Bonin Islands, consisting of about 20 small islands, are located in the western Pacific Ocean about 1000 km south of the Japanese mainland. The flora of the Bonin Islands is characterized by a high proportion of endemism: 30.4% of indigenous angiosperms, or c. 43% of trees and shrubs. Although humans have inhabited the Bonin Islands for less than 200 years, their impact on the flora has been substantial. Because each island is so small and the diversity of available habitats low, plant species have few options for survival. In addition to the negative effects of human impact, climatic disasters such as droughts or typhoons have exerted considerable damage on certain species. After World War II, the Bonin Islands were left almost uninhabited during more than 20 years of military occupation. During this period many crops and cultivated species escaped and outcompeted original vegetation. Feral goats also contributed to the damage. Of the approximately 460 taxa of flowering plants now found native to the Bonin Islands (including c. 140 endemic taxa), about 80 taxa are considered endangered. Recent efforts toward conservation of selected endangered endemic taxa are discussed.
Devising an Affordable Sonar System for Underwater 3-D Vision (2008)

In this paper, the preliminary design and assessment of a high-resolution 3-D acoustic imaging system based on a sparse planar array of sensors, which is particularly intended for underwater applications, are presented. Critical issues in the development of high-resolution 3-D sonar systems are 1) the cost of hardware, which is associated with the huge number of sensors that compose the planar array, and 2) the computational burden of processing the signals that were gathered. Here, such problems are overcome by the optimized synthesis of an aperiodic sparse array that allows the device to operate at different frequencies, yielding an acceptable sidelobe level and a good tradeoff between the field of view and the resolution. The array optimization is performed using an efficient stochastic method, in which the number of sensors is minimized, whereas their positions and weights are simultaneously optimized. To test the validity of the designed system, the signals that the sparse array received in response to the insonification of a scene with a wideband pulse are simulated, and voxel-based beamforming is applied to generate the 3-D image. The obtained images show high fidelity to the geometrical characteristics of the scene, in accordance with the expected performance of the 3-D sonar system.
Does wavelet compression technique affect a diagnostic performance of digital mammograms? (2012)

Poster: ECR 2012 / C-2312 / Does wavelet compression technique affect a diagnostic performance of digital mammograms? by: Y. Takane 1, Y. Kawasumi1, T. Yamada1, T. Horie2, M. Sato1, T. Ishibashi1; 1Sendai/JP, 2Sendai, Miyagi/JP
Thermolysin: Kinetic Study with Oligopeptides (1970)

Thermolysin is a well‐known protease which exhibits its specificity against hydrophobic amino acid residues such as l ‐leucine, l ‐phenylalanine, etc. whose amino groups donate the susceptible peptide bonds (amino‐endopeptidase). The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of neighboring residues surrounding the sensitive amino acid residues at the amino‐side in peptide substrates. For the purpose, a kinetic study was made using various synthetic oligopeptides such as Z‐A‐(Gly) n↑ –Leu‐Ala or Z‐Gly– ↑ Leu‐(Gly) n ‐B (A or B = various d ‐ or l ‐amino acid residues; n = 0, 1 and/or 2; the arrow shows the bond split) as substrates. Other kinetic or inhibition studies were also made. These studies indicated that the specificity is affected by at least three amino acid residues on the N‐terminal side and by two amino acid residues on C‐terminal side from the sensitive amino acid residue (at amino‐side) in peptide substrates. The effect of each of the five neighboring amino acid residues for appearance of the specificity was similar with that of the corresponding one which had been observed in a neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis , but that was not completely the same.
Targeted and Nontargeted Effects of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on Delayed Genomic Instability in Human Cells (2007)

All humans receive some radiation exposure and the risk for radiation-induced cancer at low doses is based on the assumption that there is a linear non-threshold relationship between dose and subsequent effect. Consequently, risk is extrapolated linearly from high radiation doses to very low doses. However, adaptive responses, bystander effects, and death-inducing effect may influence health effects associated with low-dose radiation exposure. Adaptive response is the phenomenon by which cells irradiated with a sublethal radiation dose can become less susceptible to subsequent high-dose radiation exposure. Bystander effects are nontargeted effects observed in cells that were not irradiated but were either in contact with or received soluble signals from irradiated cells. These non-hit bystander cells can exhibit damage typically associated with direct radiation exposure. Death-inducing effect is a phenomenon whereby medium from human-hamster hybrid cells displaying radiation-induced chromosomal instability is toxic to unirradiated parental cells. In this study, we show that human RKO cells do not exhibit adaptive response, bystander effect, or death-inducing effect, as measured by cell killing, or delayed genomic instability in a stably transfected plasmid-based green fluorescent protein assay measuring homologous recombination and delayed mutation/deletion events. However, growth medium conditioned by some chromosomally unstable RKO derivatives induced genomic instability, indicating that these cells can secrete factor(s) that elicit responses in nonirradiated cells. Furthermore, low radiation doses suppressed the induction of delayed genomic instability by a subsequent high dose, indicative of an adaptive response for radiation-induced genomic instability. These results highlight the inherent variability in cellular responses to low-dose radiation exposure and add to the uncertainties associated with evaluating potential hazards at these low doses.
Microwave Dielectric Properties and Low‐Temperature Sintering of Cerium Oxide for LTCC Applications (2009)

The effect of glass additives on the microstructure, densification, and microwave dielectric properties of cerium oxide for low‐temperature co‐fired applications was investigated. Different weight percentages of quenched glass such as B 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , ZnO–B 2 O 3 , BaO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , MgO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , PbO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , ZnO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , 2MgO–Al 2 O 3 –5SiO 2 , LiO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , and LiO–MgO–ZnO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 were added to CeO 2 powder. The crystal structure of the ceramic–glass composites was studied by X‐ray diffraction, microstructure by scanning electron microscopy, and phase composition using the energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis technique. The microwave dielectric properties such as relative permittivity (ɛ r ), quality factor ( Q u xf ), and coefficient of temperature variation of resonant frequency (τ f ) of the ceramics have been measured in the frequency range 4–6 GHz. Addition of B 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 lowered the sintering temperature of ceria to about 900°C. The 20 wt% B 2 O 3 and 10 wt% Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 ‐added CeO 2 and sintered at 900° and 950°C showed: Q u xf =24 200 and 12 000 GHz, ɛ r = 13.2 and 22.4, and τ f =−46 and –57.2 ppm/°C, respectively.
Resistivity and Induced Polarization characteristics of sediments from modern submarine hydrothermal system in Okinawa Trough, Japan (CHIKYU CK16-01 cruise) (2019)

Electrical property of sediments composing modern submarine hydrothermal deposits offers essential constraints on interpreting field-derived geophysical data and their inverted models, and could also provide an important guide to improve survey instruments. The present study conducted complex resistivity (spectral IP) measurements during the drilling cruise, using sediments and rocks taken from active submarine hydrothermal systems in Okinawa Trough, Japan. Spectral IP is sensitive with proportional change of sulfide mineral abundances. In particular, fine-grained sulfidic sediments has a peak of phase at a high frequency range, whereas the massive sulfide rock has the peak at a low frequency range. Resistivity of most of the hydrothermal sediments containing fine-grained pyrite and the silicified rocks is negatively correlated with porosity, whereas the massive sulfide sample exhibits low resistivity in spite of low porosity. This suggests electrical conductivity of the sediment and that of the massive sulfide rock are controlled primarily by connectivity of interstitial fluids and by sulfidic minerals, respectively. These results suggest that it could be possible to discriminate between disseminated sulfidic sediments and massive sulfide rocks by using the optimal frequency in IP-based seabed electromagnetic surveys.
Characterization and first results from LACIS-T: a moist-air wind tunnel to study aerosol–cloud–turbulence interactions (2020)

Abstract. The interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes have been investigated primarily through numerical simulation and field measurements over the last 10 years. However, only in the laboratory we can be confident in our knowledge of initial and boundary conditions and are able to measure under statistically stationary and repeatable conditions. In the scope of this paper, we present a unique turbulent moist-air wind tunnel, called the Turbulent Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS-T) which has been developed at TROPOS in order to study cloud physical processes in general and interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes in particular. The investigations take place under well-defined and reproducible turbulent and thermodynamic conditions covering the temperature range of warm, mixed-phase and cold clouds (25∘C&gt;T&gt;-40∘C). The continuous-flow design of the facility allows for the investigation of processes occurring on small temporal (up to a few seconds) and spatial scales (micrometer to meter scale) and with a Lagrangian perspective. The here-presented experimental studies using LACIS-T are accompanied and complemented by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations which help us to design experiments as well as to interpret experimental results. In this paper, we will present the fundamental operating principle of LACIS-T, the numerical model, and results concerning the thermodynamic and flow conditions prevailing inside the wind tunnel, combining both characterization measurements and numerical simulations. Finally, the first results are depicted from deliquescence and hygroscopic growth as well as droplet activation and growth experiments. We observe clear indications of the effect of turbulence on the investigated microphysical processes.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS PART 81, 1‐(4‐ALKANESULFONYLPHENACYL)‐4‐ARYLPIPERAZINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS, A NEW SERIES OF CENTRAL DEPRESSANTS (1975)

Abstract Kondensation der Phenacylbromide (I) mit entsprechenden Piperazinen (II) liefert die Verbindungen (III), aus denen die Reduktionsprodukte (IV) erhältlich sind.
Partial page buffering for consumer devices with flash storage (2013)

As the capacity of the NAND flash memory increases rapidly, flash storage device needs to maintain larger amount of storage metadata (e.g., mapping information), which necessitates larger amount of hardware resources such as DRAM. Therefore, for storage manufacturers, it is needed to develop a novel scheme that minimizes the amount of storage metadata while preserving the storage performance. One of the effective approaches to cope with the increased storage capacity is enlarging the mapping unit to decrease the amount of mapping information. However, larger mapping unit can greatly increase the number of internal Read-Modify-Write operations which is very costly. In this paper, we propose the `Partial Page Buffering' scheme, in which only partial page write requests are buffered, to reduce the Read-Modify-Write operations in storage devices. The proposed scheme enables us to increase the mapping unit size while preserving the storage performance.
Comparación de dos algoritmos para hallar ternas pitagóricas usando dos paradigmas de programación diferentes (2015)

in this article we analyze the algorithmic characteristics of two solutions for the problem to find Pythagorean triples in a specific range from 1 to n to a defined value of n as an integer. We also make a comparison between the solution implemented with functional paradigm in Scheme language environment Dr. Racket version 6.1 and the solution implemented with imperative paradigm in C++ language environment Dev C++ version 5.8.0. The comparison of these solutions is made from the perspective of two different programming paradigms. We analyze the pure codification, the logic used in the implementation and the performance and efficiency using the computer timer. Both programs present two formats to show the results in the display. These comparisons not only permit to establish possible relations between the programming computer paradigms (functional and imperative) but also let us to think about a hybrid solution from the best of each solution implemented. Each implementation is absolutely original product of the research and the initiative and experience of the author of this article.