gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significance of Necrosis in Grading of Oligodendroglial Neoplasms: A Clinicopathologic and Genetic Study of Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Gliomas (2006)

Stratification of AOA, but not of pure AO, into grades 3 and 4 on the basis of necrosis is prognostically justified and is more powerful than the current approach. Both routine histology and genetic testing provide independent, prognostically useful information.
Secreted adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis: calmodulin requirements and partial purification of two forms (1986)

The extracellular adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis was partially purified and found to contain high- and low-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight form had a variable molecular weight with a peak at about 700,000. The smaller species had a molecular weight of 60 to 70,000 as determined by gel filtration. The low-molecular-weight form could be derived from the high-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight complex purified from the cellular supernatant was highly stimulated by calmodulin, while the low-molecular-weight enzyme was much less stimulated. Active enzyme could be recovered from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels at positions corresponding to molecular weights of about 50,000 and 65,000. Active low-molecular-weight enzyme recovered from SDS gels migrated with a molecular weight of about 50,000, which coincides with a coomassie blue-stained band. However, when both high- and low-molecular weight preparations were analyzed in 8 M urea isoelectrofocusing gels, the enzyme activity recovered did not comigrate with stained protein bands. The enzyme recovered from denaturing isoelectrofocusing or SDS gels was activated by calmodulin, indicating a direct interaction of calmodulin and enzyme. The high-molecular-weight form of the enzyme showed increasing activity with calmodulin concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 500 nM, while the low-molecular-weight form was fully activated by calmodulin at 20 nM. Adenylate cyclase on the surface of living cells was activated by calmodulin in a manner which resembled that found for the high-molecular-weight form.
High-resolution ac specific-heat and x-ray investigations of the smectic-F—smectic-Htransition of HBHA (1982)

High-resolution ac specific-heat measurements of the smectic-$F$---smectic-$H$ transition of $\mathrm{N}\ensuremath{-}(4\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{heptyloxybenzylidene})\ensuremath{-}4\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{hexylaniline}$ (HBHA) are reported. A hysteresis of 160 mK in the transition temperature is measured for the first time for transformations in thermotropic liquid crystals. The specific heat, obtained during heating, is larger and changes more rapidly at the transition than during the cooling cycle. This behavior of the specific heat may be explained by assuming that dislocations and defects play an important role at this transition. High-resolution x-ray measurements of the smectic layer thickness were made with an accuracy of better than 250 ppm. The temperature dependence of the smectic-$F$ layer thickness of HBHA is qualitatively different from that of TB5A and its homologs.
Epithelial Coculture and l -Lactate Promote Growth of Helicobacter cinaedi under H 2 -Free Aerobic Conditions (2016)

H. cinaedi is an increasingly recognized pathogen in people with compromised immune systems. Atypical among other members of its bacterial class, H. cinaedi has been associated with infections of diverse anatomic sites. Growing H. cineadi in the laboratory is quite difficult, due in large part to the need for a specialized atmosphere. The suboptimal growth of H. cinaedi is an obstacle to clinical diagnosis, and it also limits investigation into the organism's biology. The current work shows that H. cinaedi has more flexible atmospheric requirements in the presence of host cells and a common host-derived molecule. This nutritional interplay raises new questions about how the organism behaves during human infections and provides insights for how to optimize its laboratory cultivation.
Deep hole penetration of rock for oil production using ytterbium fiber laser (2004)

This study provides experimental results in investigating the use of a 5.34 kW ytterbium-doped multiclad fiber laser with an emission wavelength of 1.07 microns for creating deep hole configurations in different types of rock for production applications in oil and gas wells. Recent developments in high power fiber lasers offer technical advantages when compared to other industrial lasers that may now allow economic subsurface applications to rock formations, delivering the beam through optical fiber from the surface via the wellbore. Successful applications in this manner would provide an alternative to conventional methods that employ rotary drilling and shaped charge explosives. Various parameters affecting laser penetration into samples of sandstone and limestone were studied and optimized. A maximum penetration depth of 30 cm for 8.9-mm hole diameter was achieved in limestone, while 15 cm penetration depth was achieved in sandstone with the same hole diameter. In all cases, the hole diameter was no greater than the beam diameter applied.
Estimation of Future Glucose Concentrations with Subject-Specific Recursive Linear Models (2009)

Subject-specific glucose prediction strategy has been developed. Including a change detection method to the recursive algorithm improves the prediction accuracy. The proposed modeling algorithm with small number of parameters is a good candidate for installation in portable devices for early hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic alarms and for closing the glucose regulation loop with an insulin pump.
Soil pH Dynamics and Nitrogen Transformations Under Long-Term Chemical Fertilization in Four Typical Chinese Croplands (2013)

Long-term fertilization experiment provides the platform for understanding the proton budgets in nitrogen transformations of agricultural ecosystems. We analyzed the historical (1990–2005) observations on four agricultural long-term experiments in China (Changping, Chongqing, Gongzhuling and Qiyang) under four different fertilizations, i.e., no-fertilizer (control), sole chemical nitrogen fertilizer (FN), sole chemical phosphorous and potassium fertilizers (FPK) and chemical nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers (FNPK). The significant decline in topsoil pH was caused not only by chemical N fertilization (0.29 and 0.89 ΔpH at Gongzhuling and Qiyang, respectively) but also by chemical PK fertilization (0.59 ΔpH at Gongzhuling). The enhancement of available nutrients in the topsoil due to long-term direct nutrients supply with chemical fertilizers was in the descending order of available P (168–599%)>available K (16–189%)>available N (9–33%). The relative rate of soil pH decline was lower under long-term judicious chemical fertilization (−0.036–0.034 ΔpH yr−1) than that under long-term sole N or PK fertilization (0.016–0.086 ΔpH yr−1). Long-term judicious chemical fertilization with N, P and K elements decreases the nutritional limitation to normal crop growth, under which more N output was distributed in biomass removal rather than the loss via nitrate leaching. We concluded that the N distribution percentage of nitrate leaching to biomass removal might be a suitable indicator to the sensitivity of agricultural ecosystems to acid inputs.
The effects of group and individual animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in residents of long-term care facilities (2005)

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been shown to reduce the loneliness of residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). In this study, we determined the relative contribution of socialization (human–human bonding) and human–animal bonding as mechanisms by which AAT reduces loneliness. Residents in LTCFs volunteering for AAT were randomized to receive AAT as individuals (Individual) or in groups of two to four (Group). Individual AAT was used as a measure of animal–human bonding, and Group AAT was used as a measure of the combination of animal–human bonding and socialization. Any greater effect of Group AAT in comparison to Individual AAT would be ascribed to socialization. Thirty-seven residents of LTCFs, who were cognitively intact, volunteered for AAT, and scored as significantly lonely on the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), were studied. Six weeks of AAT, one 30-minute session per week, in an individual or group setting was performed, with posttesting during week five. Two residents dropped out of each group, giving us group sizes of 17 (Individual) and 16 (Group). A two-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant effect of pretest vs. posttest scores (F(1,31) = 25.3, p < 0.001), with no effect of Group vs. Individual or of interaction. Newman Keuls post-hoc tests showed that the pretest scores for Individual and Group participants did not differ. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores for Individual participants (p < 0.05) but not for Group participants. There was no difference between the posttest values for Individual vs. Group. When the data from all 33 participants were combined, Delta scores (pretest minus posttest), correlated positively (p < 0.01) with pretest scores, showing that lonelier individuals benefited more from AAT. In conclusion, AAT was more effective in improving loneliness in residents of LTCFs when given individually than in a group situation. Therefore, the main effect of AAT was not mediated by socialization.
Towards in-situ quality control of conductive printable electronics: a review of possible pathways (2021)

Abstract Over the past decade, printed electronics (PE) has shown great potential for a wide range of industries, from consumer goods, electronics, aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, biomedical, to textiles and fashion. The rapid development of printing technology has been strongly driven by the growth of the PE market and its many applications. Here, we review the latest trends in PE production quality control, focusing on emerging technologies such as terahertz spectroscopy, which may play a key role in the development of smart manufacturing of PE devices in the near future. We also provide a comparison with conventional quality control technologies or off-line measurements, such as four-point probe measurements, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, etc.
D6.2 - Prototype description and field trial results (2012)

Deliverable D6.2 del projecte FARAMIR
A new physics (2004)

This session considers the application of mathematics from control theory to several persistent mysteries at the foundations of physics where interconnected, multiscale systems issues arise. In addition to the ubiquity of power laws in natural and man-made systems, these include a new view of turbulence in highly sheared flows that results from design for drag minimization, the origin of macroscopic dissipation and thermodynamic irreversibility in microscopically reversible dynamics, the universality of quantum gates for quantum computing, decoherence minimization in quantum systems, and entanglement witnessing. The latter ones are problems at the heart of several important tasks such as quantum computing, teleportation and quantum key distribution. Much of the original motivation for a new science of complexity came from the hope that methods of theoretical physics could contribute to a theory of complex engineering and biological networks and systems. This collection of work shows that apparently exactly the opposite is true. The role that robust control methods play in this research will be the central theme of this paper, around which the other issues will be woven. The aim is not to provide a control-friendly rederivation of known results in physics, but rather to illustrate through representative examples, how exciting new results and important insight, as assessed by physicists themselves, can be obtained through the mathematics and methods that the control community has developed. Since this work is largely being published in the scientific literature, the controls community may be largely unaware of these developments.
Molecular and Morphological Heterogeneity of Neural Precursors in the Mouse Neocortical Proliferative Zones (2006)

The proliferative ventricular zone (VZ) is the main source of projection neurons for the overlying cerebral neocortex. The number and diversity of neocortical neurons is determined, in part, by factors controlling the proliferation and specification of VZ cells during embryonic development. We used a variety of methods, including in utero electroporation with specific cellular markers, computer-assisted serial EM cell reconstruction, and time-lapse multiphoton imaging to characterize the molecular and morphological characteristics of the VZ constituents and to capture their behavior during cell division. Our analyses reveal at least two types of dividing cells in the VZ: (1) radial glial cells (RGCs) that span the entire neocortical wall and maintain contact both at the ventricular and pial surfaces throughout mitotic division, and (2) short neural precursors (SNPs) that possess a ventricular endfoot and a basal process of variable length that is retracted during mitotic division. These two precursor cell classes are present concomitantly in the VZ, but their relative number changes over the course of cortical neurogenesis. Moreover, the SNPs are morphologically, ultrastructurally and molecularly distinct from dividing RGCs. For example, SNPs are marked by their preferential expression of the tubulin alpha-1 promoter whereas RGCs instead express the glutamate-aspartate transporter and brain lipid binding protein promoters. In contrast to recent studies that suggest that RGCs are the sole type of VZ precursor, the present study indicates that the VZ in murine dorsal telencephalon is similar to that in human and nonhuman primates, because it contains multiple types of neuronal precursors.
Patient aggression in a general hospital setting: Do nurses perceive it to be a problem? (1998)

Aggressive incidents in the general hospital setting have been recognised as problematic for health care workers. Despite an awareness of the problem by nursing staff, there is little known about these incidents. A survey was therefore conducted in a metropolitan tertiary hospital to determine the prevalence and extent of patient aggression in order to direct future management strategies. A survey tool elicited information about the aggressor, factors leading to the incident, the nature of the incident, how it was managed and the outcome. Sixty-eight incidents of aggression were reported over a five-month period; all were reported by nursing staff. The majority of incidents occurred after hours when staff resources were limited. Frequent actions taken by staff to manage aggressive patients were chemical and physical restraint. Nurses identified that many of the incidents were unavoidable despite the aggression management training they had received. This paper outlines strategies taken by the hospital to address the issues identified in the survey.
Rapid Adaptive Programming using Image Data (RAPID) (2005)

In many welding applications, programming time has been the biggest obstacle for the widespread acceptance of robots, impeding the advancement of this technology and limiting it to medium or large batch applications. In particular, for repair of worn components where the damage is irregular, reprogramming by skilled personnel is required at added cost and time. This paper outlines a novel offline programming technique which allows robot programming to be automated and completed in a few seconds. This technique is applicable to a wide range of industrial wear applications.
A Current Balancing Scheme With High Luminous Efficacy for High-Power LED Lighting (2014)

The imbalance in the currents of strings of LEDs will cause fast degradation or even failure in some LEDs. Such current imbalance should be avoided. To balance the common average current, a small duty cycle may necessitate a large LED turn-on current amplitude, which may cause temporal overheat and low luminous efficacy of the LEDs. This paper presents a current balancing method based on pulse-width modulation of a common bus voltage to each LED string to achieve the intended average current. An optimal feedback control scheme is proposed to maximize the duty cycles and minimize the bus voltage. As a result, at least one of the LED strings is operating at unity duty cycle. The analysis, implementation, and verification are detailed in this paper.
Recombinant α-interferon 2b in the treatment of HIV-related thrombocytopenia (1993)

alpha-IFN 2b may increase the platelet count in HIV-positive subjects with severe symptomatic thrombocytopenia by prolonging platelet survival. The immunomodulatory and antiviral action of this drug may be responsible for prolonged platelet survival.
Cdk5 promotes DNA replication stress checkpoint activation through RPA-32 phosphorylation, and impacts on metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients (2015)

Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a determinant of PARP inhibitor and ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity. Here we show that Cdk5-depleted (Cdk5-shRNA) HeLa cells show higher sensitivity to S-phase irradiation, chronic hydroxyurea exposure, and 5-fluorouracil and 6-thioguanine treatment, with hydroxyurea and IR sensitivity also seen in Cdk5-depleted U2OS cells. As Cdk5 is not directly implicated in DNA strand break repair we investigated in detail its proposed role in the intra-S checkpoint activation. While Cdk5-shRNA HeLa cells showed altered basal S-phase dynamics with slower replication velocity and fewer active origins per DNA megabase, checkpoint activation was impaired after a hydroxyurea block. Cdk5 depletion was associated with reduced priming phosphorylations of RPA32 serines 29 and 33 and SMC1-Serine 966 phosphorylation, lower levels of RPA serine 4 and 8 phosphorylation and DNA damage measured using the alkaline Comet assay, gamma-H2AX signal intensity, RPA and Rad51 foci, and sister chromatid exchanges resulting in impaired intra-S checkpoint activation and subsequently higher numbers of chromatin bridges. In vitro kinase assays coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated that Cdk5 can carry out the RPA32 priming phosphorylations on serines 23, 29, and 33 necessary for this checkpoint activation. In addition we found an association between lower Cdk5 levels and longer metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients and survival in Cdk5-depleted breast tumor cells after treatment with IR and a PARP inhibitor. Taken together, these results show that Cdk5 is necessary for basal replication and replication stress checkpoint activation and highlight clinical opportunities to enhance tumor cell killing.
Fundamental Structures and Behaviors of Proteins (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Problem of Protein Aggregation Parallels to Protein Folding Views of Protein Stability and Aggregation Models of Aggregation Models of Protein Folding Influences of Chemical Alteration on Aggregation Approaches to Predicting Aggregation Conclusions References
Major adverse cardiovascular events with basal insulin peglispro versus comparator insulins in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis (2016)

Treatment with BIL versus comparator insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes was not associated with increased risk for major CV events in the studies analyzed.
Low-K Interconnect Stack with Thick Metal 9 Redistribution Layer and Cu Die Bump for 45nm High Volume Manufacturing (2008)

Interconnect process features are described for a 45nm high performance logic technology. Through extensive use of highly manufacturable carbon doped oxide low-k dielectric layers and aggressive scaling of the SiCN etch stop film the Metal-1 to Metal-8 interconnect stack demonstrates a 10% average capacitance reduction over the 65nm process. The interconnect stack also features a very thick Metal-9 layer to provide a low resistance path for the power and I/O routing. The combined interconnect stack provides high performance and reliability and supports a Pb-free 45nm process.
Confirmation and Characterization of Lin‐/Sca‐1+/CD45‐ Very Small Embryonic‐Like Cells (VSELs) Purified from Bone Marrow (2015)

Previously published studies have identified the presence of a rare population of very small cells (&lt; 5.0 microns in diameter) in the bone marrow of mice ( Leukemia 2006 May;20(5):857‐69). In addition to size, these cells are characterized by a gene expression profile consistent with pluripotent embryonic stem cells and can differentiate into multiple cell lineages. While the discovery of these cells, termed 'very small embryonic like' (VSEL) cells, generated much enthusiasm in the field, it was not without controversy. Most recently, a failed attempt at repeating the published protocol that was used to isolate VSEL cells from murine bone marrow concluded that “the existence of adult mouse VSELs in the bone marrow remains dubious.” ( Stem Cell Reports 2013 Jul 24;1(2):198‐208). However, close inspection of the methodology employed in this attempt reveals key missteps that may have led to this conclusion. Accordingly, we repeated the protocol as published to determine whether cells with features consistent with VSEL cells could be isolated ( Stem Cells Dev . 2014 Apr 1;23(7):702‐13). Bone marrow was flushed from the tibiae and femurs of 10 5‐week female C57BL/6 mice. Following lysis of red blood cells, the bone marrow preparation was incubated with antibodies targeting the following cell surface markers: stem cell antigen 1 (Sca‐1), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45), and lineage (Lin). The labeled sample was subjected to fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), using a gating strategy that employs both size (2–10µm) and fluorescence to determine the appropriate gates. Putative VSEL cells (Lin ‐ /Sca‐1 + /CD45 ‐ ) and hematopoietic cells (Lin ‐ /Sca‐1 + /CD45 + ) were collected for downstream analysis. Using the FACS gating strategy described above, Lin‐/Sca‐1+/CD45‐ cells approximately 3‐5 µm in diameter were successfully identified, lending further support to the existence of VSEL cells in bone marrow of mice. Source of Research Support: Schafer Co‐op Research Scholarship
Surface figure measurements of radio telescopes with a shearing interferometer (1991)

A new technique for determining the surface figure of large submillimeter wavelength telescopes is presented, which is based on measuring the telescope's focal plane diffraction pattern with a shearing interferometer. In addition to the instrumental theory, results obtained using such an interferometer on the 10.4-m diam telescope of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory are discussed. Using wavelengths near 1 mm, a measurement accuracy of 9 microm, or lambda/115, has been achieved, and the rms surface accuracy has been determined to be just under 30 microm. The distortions of the primary reflector with changing elevation angle have also been measured and agree well with theoretical predictions of the dish deformation.