gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction between pre‐activity and stretch reflex in human triceps brachii during landing from forward falls. (1981)

1. Electromyographic (e.m.g.) profiles of proximal arm muscles were studied in human subjects falling forward onto a platform. 2. The stretching of the triceps lasted 200-300 msec for deep falls, and immediately after impact angular velocities of the elbow joint up to 1000 degrees sec-1 were reached. 3. For angles of fall between 50 and 90 degrees, more than half of the subjects exhibited marked short-latency e.m.g. responses of the triceps brachii. Such responses began 20-30 msec after touchdown, arising from a more or less plateau-like activity which started about 130 msec before impact. In some cases distinct later responses were found, the second peak having a latency of 60-80 msec after touchdown. 4. The early e.m.g. response even appeared when the subject was blindfolded and when the depth of the fall was randomly varied. 5. It is concluded that both the pre-existing activity and the spinal stretch reflex contribute significantly to the over-all activity of the triceps during stretch after impact.
A Longitudinal Study of Operant Responding in RatsIrradiated when 2 Months Old (2005)

Two-month-old rats were exposed to 56Fe particles (1, 1.5, 2 Gy; 1 GeV/nucleon). They were tested on the performance of an ascending fixed-ratio operant task (bar pressing for food reward) at 7, 11 and 15 months after irradiation. Previous research had shown that for the same rats tested at 3 months after exposure, only the rats exposed to 2 Gy of 56Fe particles showed a significant disruption of performance compared to control (0 Gy) rats. When these rats were tested 7, 11 and 15 months after exposure, all irradiated groups showed significantly poorer performance than the controls. These results suggest that there is an interaction between irradiation and age such that 56Fe-particle-induced performance deficits can develop several months after exposure.
Toxicokinetics of the plasticizer, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, in plasma and brain following oral exposure in rodents: Route, species, and sex comparison (2020)

N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) is a widely used plasticizer and hence there is potential for human exposure via oral routes. This work investigates the toxicokinetic behavior of NBBS in rodents following a single gavage (20, 60, and 200 mg/kg body weight) or multi-day feed administration (500, 1000, and 2000 ppm). In male and female rats following gavage administration, maximum plasma NBBS concentration, C<sub>max</sub>, was reached at ≤0.539 h. C<sub>max</sub> increased proportionally to the dose. Area under the curve (AUC) increased more than proportionally to the dose and was 4- to 5-fold higher in females than in males. In mice, plasma C<sub>max</sub> was reached at ≤0.136 h and increased proportionally to the dose in female mice and more than proportionally to the dose in males. AUC increased more than proportionally to the dose with no apparent sex difference. Elimination of NBBS in plasma was faster in mice (half-life (h); mice ≤0.432, rat ≤3.55). Oral bioavailability was higher in female rats (≥60%) than males (23-52%) with apparent saturation of clearance at ∼200 mg/kg body weight in females. In mice, bioavailability (5-14%) was lower with no apparent sex difference. NBBS was detected in brains of rats and mice but with low brain:plasma ratios (rats, ≤5; mice, ≤1) suggesting low potential to cross the blood brain barrier. Systemic exposure in male rats and mice following a single gavage administration was ≥48-fold higher than multi-day feed exposure. These data demonstrate potential species, sex, dose- and route-related difference in toxicokinetics of NBBS in rodents.
A single nasal allergen challenge increases induced sputum inflammatory markers in non‐asthmatic subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis: correlation with plasma interleukin‐5 (2003)

A single nasal allergen challenge in SAR patients increased markers of allergic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, possibly via pronounced activation of inflammatory cells through circulating immediate-type reaction cytokines like IL-5. These findings may provide additional explanatory data for the high susceptibility of SAR patients to incident asthma.
Two stage turbine for rockets (1993)

The aerodynamic design and rig test evaluation of a small counter-rotating turbine system is described. The advanced turbine airfoils were designed and tested by Pratt &amp; Whitney. The technology represented by this turbine is being developed for a turbopump to be used in an advanced upper stage rocket engine. The advanced engine will use a hydrogen expander cycle and achieve high performance through efficient combustion of hydrogen/oxygen propellants, high combustion pressure, and high area ratio exhaust nozzle expansion. Engine performance goals require that the turbopump drive turbines achieve high efficiency at low gas flow rates. The low mass flow rates and high operating pressures result in very small airfoil heights and diameters. The high efficiency and small size requirements present a challenging turbine design problem. The shrouded axial turbine blades are 50 percent reaction with a maximum thickness to chord ratio near 1. At 6 deg from the tangential direction, the nozzle and blade exit flow angles are well below the traditional design minimum limits. The blade turning angle of 160 deg also exceeds the maximum limits used in traditional turbine designs.
Automatic Identification and Quantification of Metabolites in H-NMR Measurements (2008)

Stem cells therapy is currently at the frontier of biomedical research. A better understanding of the metabolism of stem cells is necessary to improve and extend initial promising results. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) allows for a precise measurement of metabolites in cell extracts. The identification and quantification of these metabolites is essential to model cellular metabolic network activity. To meet clinical standards and high throughput demands a full automatic evaluation is required. A NMR signal processing system is presented and initial results for the identification and quantification of metabolites from murine hematopoietic progenitor cell extracts (FDCPmix cells) and simulated spectra are given. 1.
Derivation of ecological standards for risk assessment of molybdate in soil (2015)

Environmental context In order to assess the potential risks of elevated molybdenum concentrations in soil due to anthropogenic activities, toxicity thresholds must be known and environmental criteria defined. Setting such criteria for metals is not straightforward because of varying natural background concentrations and differences in toxicity between typical laboratory and field conditions and across soil types. Toxicity data and models were derived that account for these parameters so that soil quality criteria can be derived based on total molybdenum concentrations in soil. Abstract An extensive testing programme on the toxicity of sodium molybdate dihydrate in soil was initiated to comply with the European REACH Regulation. The molybdate toxicity was assayed with 11 different bioassays, 10 different soils, soil chemical studies on aging reactions, and toxicity tests before and after 1-year equilibration in field conditions. Differences in molybdate toxicity among soils were best explained by soil pH and clay content. A correction factor of 2.0 was selected to account for the difference in molybdate toxicity between laboratory and field conditions due to leaching and aging processes. Toxicity thresholds were determined as the HC5–50 (median hazardous concentration for 5 % of the species, i.e. median 95 % protection level) derived from the species sensitivity distribution of ecotoxicity data after bioavailability corrections. Uncertainty analysis illustrated that the HC5–50 provides a robust and ecologically relevant predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for risk characterisation. The 10th and 90th percentiles for site-specific PNEC values in European agricultural soil are 10.7 and 168 mg Mo kg–1 dry weight respectively based on a large survey of metal concentrations and soil properties in arable land soils. Total soil Mo concentrations in these soils are below corresponding PNEC values at most locations, suggesting no regional risks of molybdate to soil organisms at this scale. The information presented can be used in the EU risk-assessment framework as well as for national and international regulatory purposes for the setting of soil quality criteria based on total molybdenum concentrations, soil pH and clay content.
Full-polarized Tomographic Diffraction Microscopy Achieves a Resolution about One-Fourth of the Wavelength (2013)

We present a marker-free microscope that records the phase, amplitude, and polarization state of the field diffracted by the sample for different illumination directions. The data are processed with an appropriate inversion method to yield the sample permittivity map. We observe that the full-polarized information ameliorates significantly the three-dimensional image of weakly scattering subdiffraction objects. A resolution about one-fourth of the illumination wavelength is experimentally demonstrated on complex samples.
By reason and authority: a system for authorization of proof-carrying code (2004)

We present a system, BLF, that combines an authorization logic based on the Binder language with a logical framework, LF, able to express semantic properties of programs. BLF is a general system for specifying and enforcing policies that rely on both reason and trust. In particular, BLF supports extensible software systems that employ both digitally signed code and language-based security, especially proof-carrying code. We describe BLF, establish some of its fundamental properties, and explain its use.
The effect of cavity-filling mutations on the thermostability of Bacillus stearothermophilus neutral protease (1992)

Cavities in the hydrophobic core of the neutral protease of Bacillus stearothermophilus were analyzed using a three-dimensional model that was inferred from the crystal structure of thermolysin, the highly homologous neutral protease of B. thermoproteolyticus (85% sequence identity). Site-directed mutagenesis was used to fill some of these cavities, thereby improving hydrophobic packing in the protein interior. The mutations had small effects on the thermostability, even after drastic changes, such as Leu284----Trp and Met168----Trp. The effects on T50, the temperature at which 50% of the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated in 30 min, ranged from 0.0 to +0.4 degrees C. These results can be explained by assuming that the mutations have positive and negative structural effects of approximately the same magnitude. Alternatively, it could be envisaged that the local unfolding steps, which render the enzyme susceptible towards autolysis and which are rate limiting in the process of thermal inactivation, are only slightly affected by alterations in the hydrophobic core.
Data from Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Luminal B-like Breast Cancer: Results of the Phase II GIADA Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The role of immunotherapy in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer is underexplored.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;The neoadjuvant phase II GIADA trial (NCT04659551, EUDRACT 2016-004665-10) enrolled stage II–IIIA premenopausal patients with Luminal B (LumB)-like breast cancer (HR-positive/HER2-negative, Ki67 ≥ 20%, and/or histologic grade 3). Patients received: three 21-day cycles of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by eight 14-day cycles of nivolumab, triptorelin started concomitantly to chemotherapy, and exemestane started concomitantly to nivolumab. Primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0/is, ypN0).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;A pCR was achieved by 7/43 patients [16.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4–34.9]; the rate of residual cancer burden class 0–I was 25.6%. pCR rate was significantly higher for patients with PAM50 Basal breast cancer (4/8, 50%) as compared with other subtypes (LumA 9.1%; LumB 8.3%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), immune-related gene-expression signatures, and specific immune cell subpopulations by multiplex immunofluorescence were significantly associated with pCR. A combined score of Basal subtype and TILs had an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89–1.00) for pCR prediction. According to multiplex immunofluorescence, a switch to a more immune-activated tumor microenvironment occurred following exposure to anthracyclines. Most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (AE) during nivolumab were γ-glutamyltransferase (16.7%), alanine aminotransferase (16.7%), and aspartate aminotransferase (9.5%) increase. Most common immune-related AEs were endocrinopathies (all grades 1–2; including adrenal insufficiency, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Luminal B-like breast cancers with a Basal molecular subtype and/or a state of immune activation may respond to sequential anthracyclines and anti–PD-1. Our data generate hypotheses that, if validated, could guide immunotherapy development in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Acousto-optic processors for real-time generation of time–frequency representations (1983)

Acousto-optic processors for calculating different two-dimensional (2-D) time-frequency representations for one dimensional temporal signals in real time are described. The various 2-D representations discussed in the literature, such as the Wigner distribution and the ambiguity function, are shown to be obtainable through minor variations in an acousto-optic processor consisting of two Bragg cells in a parallel configuration. Also obtained and discussed are two new time-frequency representations that, for amplitude-modulated signals, correspond to mean-frequency-selective correlation and Doppler-frequency-selective convolution. Experimental results are presented to highlight the special features of the different time-frequency representation.
PSDM Uncertainty Characterization And Calibration Using A Fast Marching Algorithm (2018)

PSDM provides very good imaging results but is often not optimal for time to depth conversion. PSDM model uncertainties quantification and calibration to well data may benefit from geostatistics. Complexity in the geological structures (presence of a salt dome for example) can be very challenging for spatializing data and requires therefore the use of innovative geostatistical techniques such as kriging with a fast marching algorithm.
Role of γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid in the Calcium-Induced Structural Transition of Conantokin G, a Conotoxin from the Marine Snail Conus geographus, (1997)

Conantokin G is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid- (Gla-) containing conotoxin isolated from the venom of the marine cone snail Conus geographus. This 17-residue polypeptide, which contains five gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, is a N-methyl-d-aspartate- (NMDA-) type glutamate receptor antagonist. To investigate the role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the calcium-induced structural transition of conantokin G, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the conantokin G/Ca2+ complex by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared it to the high-resolution structure of conantokin G in the absence of metal ions [Rigby et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 6906]. Complete resonance assignments were made by two dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy at pH 5.6 in the presence of saturating amounts of Ca2+. Distance geometry and simulated annealing methods were used to derive 23 convergent structures from a set of 302 interproton distance restraints and two torsion angle measurements. A high-resolution structure, with the backbone root mean square deviation to the geometric average of the 23 structures of 0.6 +/- 0.1 A, contains a linear alpha-helix from Gla 3 to Lys 15. Gla residues 3, 7, 10, and 14 are aligned in a linear array on one face of the helix. A genetic algorithm was applied to determine the calcium positions in conantokin G, and the conantokin G/Ca2+ complex refined by molecular simulation. Upon binding of Ca2+ to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, conantokin G undergoes a conformational transition from a distorted curvilinear 310 helix to a linear alpha-helix. Occupancy of the metal binding sites, defined by gamma-carboxyglutamic acids, results in formation of a calcium-carboxylate network that linearizes the helix and exposes the hydrophobic amino acids on the opposite face of the helix.
Rapid detection of Mycoplasma synoviae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2014)

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) remains a serious concern in production of poultry and affects world production of chickens and turkeys. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of DNA has been recently used for the identification of different economically important avian pathogens. The aim of this study was to develop LAMP for simple and inexpensive detection of MS strains in poultry using specifically designed primers targeting hemagglutin A (vlh) gene. The assay was conducted in a water bath for 1 h at 63 °C. The results were visualized after addition of SYBR Green(®) fluorescent dye. LAMP was specific exclusively for MS without cross-reactivity with other Mycoplasma species. The sensitivity of LAMP was determined as 10(-1) CFU/ml and was 1,000 times higher than MS-specific polymerase chain reaction. LAMP assay was conducted on 18 MS field strains to ensure its reliability and usefulness. This is the first report on LAMP development and application for the rapid detection of MS isolated from chickens. This simple method may be applied by diagnostic laboratories without access to expensive equipment.
Alabama Department of Environmental Management Temporary Abandonment Report [Well Names/ID: D4-13] (2019)

Two temporarily abandoned Citronelle Oil Field wells (D 4-13 and D 4-14) located up-dip from the D 9- 7#2 injection well (approximately 3,500 feet away) and outside of the area of review (Figure 1) were designated to be used for the monitoring activities associated with the SECARB Anthropogenic Test. Both wells were recompleted prior to the project, which included perforating the D 4-14 within the injection zone and the D 4-13 above the proposed confining unit. The D-4-13 well provides above-zone pressure monitoring in a perforated interval from 9,186 feet to 9,188 feet, with the gauge landing nipple at 9,111 feet. In-zone pressure monitoring occurs in the D-4- 14, perforated from 9,420 feet to 9,422 feet. The gauge landing nipple was set at 9,375 ft. Following the completion of the project These wells were converted back to their original condition for oilfield operations.
Separation, real-time migration monitoring and selective zone retrieval using a computer controlled system for automated analysis. (1995)

High throughput routine analysis of dsDNA fragments or molecular weight determination of proteins via electrophoresis still require significant efforts to obtain results of high reproducibility and accuracy. This paper analyses the use of a fully automated multi-purpose real-time gel electrophoresis system in these applications and evaluates the benefits of this new concept for routine and research. By comparing currently used systems with this new approach, it also addresses the analytical use of information resulting from real-time dynamic migration monitoring via fluorescence photometry over commonly obtained results from post-run fixation, visualization and evaluation at a single time of the separation. The simultaneous separation of components in multi-gel systems, pre-concentration of sample components, and the ability to perform in-gel assays for biological activity are discussed on basis of routine gel separations of restriction enzyme digested DNA fragments, native and denaturing protein separations and enzyme activity determination. Interactive, selective retrieval of separated components in the nano- to microgram range is carried out for real-time isolation of proteins or dsDNA fragments. Results are compared to blotting in respect to ease of use and transfer efficiency and for immediate availability of macromolecules for sequencing or mass spectroscopy. The Windows-based operating software is critically reviewed for functionality, user-friendliness, graphical data representation and GLP compliance for LIMS oriented forensic or certified laboratories. A statistical evaluation of lane-to-lane and gel-to-gel reproducibility of mobility data, quantification and molecular weight determination concludes the paper.
Evaluation of diazepam nasal spray in patients with epilepsy concomitantly using maintenance benzodiazepines: An interim subgroup analysis from a phase 3, long‐term, open‐label safety study (2021)

This analysis of patients from a long-term study shows a similar safety profile of diazepam nasal spray in patients with and without concomitant benzodiazepines, and consistent with the established profile for diazepam. Use of a single dose of diazepam nasal spray and high study retention rates suggest the effectiveness of diazepam nasal spray in patients irrespective of chronic daily benzodiazepine use. Results were similar in the clobazam sub-analysis. These results support the safety and effectiveness of diazepam nasal spray in patients with concomitant benzodiazepine use.
Emerging Opportunities and Concerns for Drug Discovery at Serotonin 5-5-HT2B Receptors (2010)

5-HT(2B) receptors have been reported to play an important role at cardiac, intestinal and central levels, as well as in bone marrow formation and growth. In the last decade, 5-HT(2B) receptors have also gained much attention as new targets in therapeutics, but also as off-targets because their activation along with the inhibition of serotonin transporters plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of 5-HT induced valvulopathy. Taking this into account, the present review focuses on the new therapeutic applications of 5-HT(2B) receptor ligands as well as on the potential concerns.
Association of serum bilirubin levels with risk of cancer development and total death (2021)

Serum levels of bilirubin, a strong antioxidant, may influence cancer risk. We aimed to assess the association between serum bilirubin levels and cancer risk. Data were retrieved from 10-year electronic medical records at Kyushu University Hospital (Japan) for patients aged 20 to 69 years old. The associations of baseline bilirubin levels with cancer risk (lung, colon, breast, prostate, and cervical) were evaluated using a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model, a machine learning algorithm, and Cox proportional hazard regression model, adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, and diabetes. The number of study subjects was 29,080. Median follow-up time was 4.7 years. GBDT models illustrated that baseline bilirubin levels were negatively and non-linearly associated with the risk of lung (men), colon, and cervical cancer. In contrast, a U-shaped association was observed for breast and prostate cancer. Cox hazard regression analyses confirmed that baseline bilirubin levels (< 1.2 mg/dL) were negatively associated with lung cancer risk in men (HR = 0.474, 95% CI 0.271-0.828, P = 0.009) and cervical cancer risk (HR = 0.365, 95% CI 0.136-0.977, P = 0.045). Additionally, low bilirubin levels (< 0.6 mg/dL) were associated with total death (HR = 1.744, 95% CI 1.369-2.222, P < 0.001). Serum bilirubin may have a beneficial effect on the risk of some types of cancers.