gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using TRINET for simulating flow and transport in porous media (1998)

The finite element model TRINET calculates transient or steady-state fluid flow and solute transport on a lattice composed of one-dimensional finite elements (i.e., pipes) of porous medium. TRINET incorporates an adaptive gridding algorithm to minimize numerical dispersion for transport calculations. Although TRINET was originally developed to study fracture networks, the primary interest here is in applying TRINET more generally to simulate transport in porous media (or a fractured medium being treated as an effective continuum). This requires developing expressions to relate TRINET inputs to equivalent parameters used to describe flow and transport in homogeneous porous media. In this report, the authors briefly describe the basic TRINET formulation for flow and transport, present TRINET equivalences for porous medium parameters, and compare TRINET to analytical solutions using the proposed porous medium equivalents.
Polymorphisms contribute to differences in the effect of rocuronium in Chinese patients (2021)

Rocuronium is widely utilized in clinical general anaesthesia, and individual differences in pharmacology and clearance have been observed. Two hundred thirty-six Chinese patients undergoing selective thyroid/breast mass resection were studied. Total intravenous anaesthesia was induced with a single dose of propofol (2 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ), sufentanil (0.5 μg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ), and rocuronium (0.6 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ) and maintained with propofol (3-5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ·h<sup>-1</sup> ) and remifentanil (0.2-0.4 μg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ·min<sup>-1</sup> ). Intubation conditions and a train-of-four index of patients were utilized to assess the effects and duration of rocuronium. The data from 228 patients were analysed and reported. Genotypes NR1I2 rs2472677 C > T, NR1I2 rs6785049 G > A, SLCO1B1 rs4363657 T > C, SLCO1A2 rs4762699 T > C, and UGT1A1 rs4148323 G > A contributed to individual variation in rocuronium. Of the clinical variables tested, age, BMI, total dose of propofol, NR1I2 rs2472677, and SLCO1A2 rs4762699 correlated significantly (P < 0.05 for all) with the clinical duration or total clinical action time of rocuronium in a multiple linear regression model. No significant interactions were observed in intubation conditions. Genetic variations in NR1I2 rs2472677, NR1I2 rs6785049, SLCO1B1 rs4363657, SLCO1A2 rs4762699, and UGT1A1 rs4148323 were related to extensive interindividual variability in the clinical duration and total clinical action time of rocuronium.
Dynamic properties of photonic crystals and their effective refractive index (2005)

The reflection and refraction properties of light at an interface between two media are usually classified as kinematic and dynamic. Both are determined by the refractive indices of the media. The kinematic properties refer to the direction of light propagation, whereas the dynamic properties refer to the polarization, magnitude, and phase changes of the reflected and refracted waves. Metamaterials and photonic crystals are often assigned an effective refractive index defined by their dispersion curves. This work shows for the first time, to our knowledge, that although the kinematic properties are consistent with this index definition, in some cases the dynamic properties are not. This observation has important implications for photonic crystal understanding and design because it shows that their rich physical phenomena cannot always be simplified to a description in terms of an effective refractive index.
Design and Evaluation of a Quasi-Passive Knee Exoskeleton for Investigation of Motor Adaptation in Lower Extremity Joints (2014)

In this study, we describe the mechanical design and control scheme of a quasi-passive knee exoskeleton intended to investigate the biomechanical behavior of the knee joint during interaction with externally applied impedances. As the human knee behaves much like a linear spring during the stance phase of normal walking gait, the exoskeleton implements a spring across the knee in the weight acceptance (WA) phase of the gait while allowing free motion throughout the rest of the gait cycle, accomplished via an electromechanical clutch. The stiffness of the device is able to be varied by swapping springs, and the timing of engagement/disengagement changed to accommodate different loading profiles. After describing the design and control, we validate the mechanical performance and reliability of the exoskeleton through cyclic testing on a mechanical knee simulator. We then describe a preliminary experiment on three healthy adults to evaluate the functionality of the device on both left and right legs. The kinetic and kinematic analyses of these subjects show that the exoskeleton assistance can partially/fully replace the function of the knee joint and obtain nearly invariant moment and angle profiles for the hip and ankle joints, and the overall knee joint and exoskeleton complex under the applied moments of the exoskeleton versus the control condition, implying that the subjects undergo a considerable amount of motor adaptation in their lower extremities to the exoskeletal impedances, and encouraging more in-depth future experiments with the device.
Antidepressants in Chronic Neuropathic Pain (2003)

This review presents available clinical studies and new insights into mechanisms of analgesic effect and possible new routes of administration of antidepressant drugs. Older TCAs continue to be superior treatments. We focused on recent findings on newer antidepressants as analgesics. Their use should be supported by further controlled trials.
A Family of High Voltage Gain Three-Level Step-Up Converters for Photovoltaic Module Integration Applications (2020)

This paper proposes a family of step-up three-level DC-DC converter topologies suitable for photovoltaic panel integration applications. The proposed family is suitable to convert the 10–30 V from photovoltaic panels to a 150 V direct current distribution bus. The proposed family enhances the three-level topology in terms of the voltage gain, power density, and filtering requirements at the input level. The filtration is reduced by interleaving. The three-level boost converter’s voltage gain is enhanced by utilizing several options such as switched capacitor cells, switched inductor cells, and flyback transformers or coupled inductors. The enhancement techniques are illustrated by providing the circuit diagram and a comparison of the voltage gain and the number of required components. An example converter of a hybrid three-level boost converter with a flyback transformer is presented to convert 20 V from a photovoltaic panel to a 400 V. The theory of operation and steady-state analysis are provided for the example converter operating in the continuous conduction mode. The converter is simulated to extract the power from three PVL-136 photovoltaic (PV) panels by applying a maximum power point tracking algorithm. The theory of operation and simulation are confirmed with an 80 W experimental prototype, which has an efficiency of around 95% at 40 W load power.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Long‐Chain Sugars by Iterative Diastereoselective Homologization of 2,3‐O‐Isopropylidene‐D‐glyceraldehyde with 2‐Trimethylsilylthiazole. (1987)

Abstract A novel method for the preparation of long‐chain sugars is described.
Algae-based biofilm productivity utilizing dairy wastewater: effects of temperature and organic carbon concentration (2016)

A microalgae-based biofilm reactor was successfully used to treat turbid dairy wastewater. Temperature and organic carbon concentration had a statistically significant effect on algae-based biofilm productivity and treatment of dairy wastewater. The relationships between temperature, TOC, and productivity developed in this study may be used in the design and assessment of wastewater remediation systems and biomass production systems utilizing algae-based biofilm reactors for treating dairy wastes.
The Jurisprudence of the Rehnquist Court (1998)

Popular discourse about the Supreme Court often seeks to characterize its direction in political terms. Yet the Rehnquist Court, while it has undoubtedly turned rightward, has never turned as starkly rightward as predicted in such accounts,1 even though Presidents Reagan and Bush between them filled five seats on the current Court.
Mechanics of the Metal Cutting Process. I. Orthogonal Cutting and a Type 2 Chip (1945)

An analysis of the chip geometry and the force system found in the case of orthogonal cutting accompanied by a type 2 chip has yielded a collection of useful equations which make possible the study of actual machining operations in terms of basic mechanical quantities. The shearing strain undergone by the metal during chip formation, and the velocities of shear and of chip flow are among the geometrical quantities which can be quantitatively determined. The force relationships permit calculation of such quantities as the various significant force components, stresses, the coefficient of friction between chip and cutting tool, and the work done in shearing the metal and in overcoming friction on the tool face. The experimental methods by which such analyses can be readily made are described. Observed and calculated values from typical tests are presented.
Exact image reconstruction for a circle and line trajectory with a gantry tilt (2008)

We investigate image reconstruction with a circle and line trajectory with a tilted gantry. We derive new equations for reconstruction from the line data, such as equations of filtering lines, range of filtering lines and range of the line scan. We analyze the detector requirements and show that the line scan does not impose extra requirements on the cylindrical detector size with our algorithm, that is, the axial truncation of the filtering lines does not occur. We discuss full-scan and short-scan versions of the algorithm. Evaluation of our algorithm uses simulated and real 256-slice data.
Coupling the Petasis Condensation to an Iron(III) Chloride-Promoted Cascade Provides a Short Synthesis of Relenza Congeners (2010)

Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate promotes a cascade of transformations on a Petasis condensation product that sets up the right dihydropyran precursors of valuable Relenza congeners.
Does Treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection Reduce Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) Replication in HIV-HBV-HDV-Coinfected Patients? (2008)

Patients undergoing successful anti-HBV therapy with potent nucleos(t)ide analogues seem to indirectly benefit from suppression of HDV replication, albeit not very efficiently. Hypothetically, a significant and sustained reduction in serum HDV RNA might only be seen when a reduction in HBV covalently closed circular DNA or HBV surface antigen is achieved, which may require long periods of successful anti-HBV therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the benefit of potent anti-HBV nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in CDH.
Анализ связывающей способности сигма-1 рецепторов при эмоционально-стрессовом воздействии и введении анксиолитика афобазола (2019)

Специфическое связывание лиганда сигма-1 рецепторов (Sigma1R) [3H](+)-пентазоцина в Р2 и Р3 фракциях гомогенатов головного мозга определяли у инбредных мышей BALB/с и C57Bl/6 после эмоционально-стрессового воздействия в тесте «Открытое поле» (ОП) и аутбредных мышей CD-1 после введения анксиолитика афобазола. Установлено, что экспозиция в ОП увеличивает специфическое связывание [3H](+)-пентазоцина в Р3 фракции гомогенатов головного мозга мышей BALB/с, характеризующихся реакцией замирания в тесте ОП, и не влияет на связывание лиганда у мышей C57Bl/6 с активным поведением в тесте. Афобазол в дозе 5 мг/кг вызывает увеличение специфического связывания [3H](+)-пентазоцина в Р2 фракции гомогенатов головного мозга аутбредных мышей CD-1. Полученные данные свидетельствуют об участии Sigma1R в механизмах формирования реакций на эмоционально-стрессовое воздействие и в фармакодинамике афобазола.
Filling in the Genomic Gaps in the Tree of Life at the Joint Genome Institute (2007)

The US Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute (JGI) is a user facility for high-throughput sequencing that has sequenced a large number of the nearly 1000 microbial genomes completed or nearing completion. This sequence has enabled us to understand the roles of microorganisms in important processes such as bioremediation, energy production, global nutrient lifecycles, pathogenesis, and the diversity of life. However, the currently available genome sequences are heavily biased based upon their phylogenetic distribution when compared to the microbial genome diversity known to exist. To overcome this bias, the JGI has initiated a project known as the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA). The long-term goal of the GEBA project would be to generate reference genomes for every major and minor group of bacteria and archaea. To test the feasibility of the project, JGI has launched a pilot project in collaboration with DSMZ to sequence 100 bacterial and archaeal genomes based on their phylogenetic positions in the tree of life. The pilot project could expand to represent 5,000 genomes. Selection of the microbes was based upon analysis of the rRNA tree of life as well as consultation with a scientific advisory board. Partaking in a project so large will present unique obstacles. The JGI will use this pilot study to understand and establish new processes to deal with the potential number of samples this long-term project might include. GEBA s pilot project progress, challenges, and developments will be presented.
Antitumor efficacy of vaccinia virus-modified tumor cell vaccine. (1990)

The antitumor efficacies of vaccinia virus-modified tumor cell vaccines were examined in murine syngeneic MH134 and X5563 tumor cells. UV-inactivated vaccinia virus was inoculated i.p. into C3H/HeN mice that had received whole body X-irradiation at 150 rads. After 3 weeks, the vaccines were administered i.p. 3 times at weekly intervals. One week after the last injection, mice were challenged i.p. with various doses of syngeneic MH134 or X5563 viable tumor cells. Four methods were used for preparing tumor cell vaccines: X-ray irradiation; fixation with paraformaldehyde for 1 h or 3 months; and purification of the membrane fraction. All four vaccines were effective, but the former two vaccines were the most effective. A mixture of the membrane fraction of untreated tumor cells and UV-inactivated vaccinia virus also had an antitumor effect. These results indicate that vaccine with the complete cell structure is the most effective. The membrane fraction of UV-inactivated vaccinia virus-absorbed tumor cells was also effective. UV-inactivated vaccinia virus can react with not only intact tumor cells but also the purified membrane fraction of tumor cells and augment antitumor activity.
RLIBM-32: High Performance Correctly Rounded Math Libraries for 32-bit Floating Point Representations (2021)

This paper proposes a set of techniques to develop correctly rounded math libraries for 32-bit float and posit types. It enhances our RLibm approach that frames the problem of generating correctly rounded libraries as a linear programming problem in the context of 16-bit types to scale to 32-bit types. Specifically, this paper proposes new algorithms to (1) generate polynomials that produce correctly rounded outputs for all inputs using counterexample guided polynomial generation, (2) generate efficient piecewise polynomials with bit-pattern based domain splitting, and (3) deduce the amount of freedom available to produce correct results when range reduction involves multiple elementary functions. The resultant math library for the 32-bit float type is faster than state-of-the-art math libraries while producing the correct output for all inputs. We have also developed a set of correctly rounded elementary functions for 32-bit posits.
Orthotic bicycle shoe insoles show no effects on leg muscle activation patterns or performance in recreational cyclists (2017)

This study tested the hypothesis that an orthotic insole in cycling shoes would stabilize pedalling mechanics, reduce or alter activity of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, and reduce physiological work while cycling. Nine cyclists were evaluated during four VO2max tests, using four different insole conditions (flat (no insole), low, medium, and high arch supports) in a random order. Wireless electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity, and telemetry-based gas analysis and power output to determine cycling efficiency. The non-flat insole that resulted in the lowest level of lateral knee movement was identified as ‘best fit’. General linear mixed models were run two ways, with the most effective insole for the dominant leg and non-dominant leg identified as the overall ‘best fit’ insoles. There was an interaction for the dominant leg hamstrings EMG ratio among insoles and pedal float type (p = .007). Heart rate at anaerobic threshold was reduced by best fit insoles for the dominant leg (p = .014) and non-dominant leg (p = .017); this may be the result of hydration status or existing fatigue. The results indicate that arch support alone does not have an effect on mediolateral EMG ratios of the quadriceps or hamstrings, or performance. Further investigation of insole effects on muscle activation patterns is warranted.
Self-Organized Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Functionalized by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2009)

Surface functionalization of self-organized TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays produced by electrochemical anodization is implemented by dextrin-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles leading to a composite semiconductor nanostructure. The morphological and structural properties are studied by electron and atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and resonance micro-Raman spectroscopies revealing successful deposition of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles on the nanotube walls. The nanocomposite surface simultaneously exhibits high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of model pollutants under UV irradiation at relatively low loading levels of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and light-independent wetting properties, as the initially superhydrophilic surface is converted to a moderately hydrophilic substrate, while obtaining an additional functionality through the magnetic field response of the iron-oxide component that shows appreciable magnetization anisotropy. Electrochemical impedance investigation including Mott−Schottky analysis attests to a significant improvement of the interfacial electron-transfer kinetics together with a modification of the surface chemistry for the functionalized TiO2 nanotubes, promoting electron−hole separation through the polyhydroxyl dextrin shell that mediates charge transfer between the constituent semiconductor oxides and validating their improved photocatalytic performance. These composite nanotubular materials offer the opportunity of advanced applications, where the unique photoinduced reactivity, the controlled wetting behavior, and the magnetic field response can be effectively combined.
RFID over low cost VCSEL‐based MMF links: experimental demonstration and distortion study (2020)

Radio‐over‐fibre (RoF) distributed antenna system (DAS) technology has been investigated for the distribution of ultra‐high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) signals. RoF DAS allows for reduced number of readers and centralised placement of readers which facilitates easy system maintenance, but it is important to find a low‐cost solution that can achieve comparable performance to a conventional RFID system. In this work, a low‐cost vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL)‐based multimode fibre (MMF) link has been developed and demonstrated for passive UHF RFID applications. The reported results show almost the same performance when compared with a conventional RFID system. In addition, simple spatial antenna diversity schemes are tested, with improved performance reported in comparison with an RFID‐RoF system without diversity. Also, an investigation of RFID over fibre with RoF non‐linearity is carried out showing that phase‐reversal amplitude shift keying (PR‐ASK) RFID modulation allows for higher levels of RF carrier and modulated signal power than the ASK RFID, for low levels of non‐linearity.
Scalable, Modular Feed-Forward Equalizer for Baseband Applications (2022)

This paper presents a modular and scalable fully differential Feed-Forward Equalizer topology suitable for baseband applications. The proposed equalizer topology utilizes Gilbert cell amplifiers as variable gain elements and follows a modular implementation with reuse of identical gain cells. A proof of concept one-tap Feed-Forward Equalizer is designed, characterized in frequency and time domain measurements. The equalizer exhibits a measured single-ended peaking gain control of up to 27 dB at 50 GHz. The equalizer MMIC consumes 370 mW from a -3.3 V supply, measures <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.94\ \mathrm{x}\ 0.76\ \text{mm}^{2}$</tex> , and it was designed in Infineon's 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process with an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{t}$</tex> of 250 GHz and an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{max}$</tex> of 370 GHz.
Caminando entre huellas de Yariguíes : la gente y la ciencia en la gestión temprana de la restauración ecológica del área protegida. (2018)

El Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de los Yariguíes, ubicado en el sur occidente del departamento de Santander, es quizás el último relicto de bosque andino conservado que existe en la región. Si bien, se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de su diversidad biológica, existen limitados estudios sobre su flanco oriental, donde la agricultura y la ganadería han sido históricamente las principales actividades culturales realizadas por las comunidades locales. Debido al avance en la estrategia de conservación del área protegida mediante el saneamiento predial, múltiples áreas del Parque en el que se han abandonado las actividades de uso de la tierra (p. ej.: actividades agropecuarias), representan hoy un nuevo desafío para la conservación en procura de controlar los factores tensionantes y limitantes de estas áreas; y es aquí, donde Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia ha planteado la aplicación de la restauración ecológica como herramienta de conservación de la biodiversidad. ECOPETROL S. A. y la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), han aunado esfuerzos para contribuir con la conservación del PNN Serranía de Los Yariguíes, a través de inversión de recursos de compensación ambiental y presenta los primeros resultados de este trabajo a través del libro: “Caminando entre huellas de Yariguíes: La gente y la ciencia en la gestión temprana de la restauración ecológica del área protegida”, que surge como una propuesta editorial del Convenio 5211740 de 2012, entre la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia y ECOPETROL S.A. El libro está conformado por seis capítulos, escritos por 28 investigadores y expertos locales en cada una de las temáticas, quienes han dedicado sus esfuerzos, tiempo y conocimiento a desarrollar esta idea, con el objetivo de avanzar en el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos y técnicas de restauración más apropiadas para el área protegida, en su flanco oriental, sobre el municipio de Hato. Por lo tanto, se espera que los datos científicos registrados y el conocimiento local valorado para la restauración, aquí expuestos, sean un primer referente en el desarrollo de nuevas iniciativas de restauración en el sector oriental del Parque Nacional y como reconocimiento a su valor intrínseco, a su belleza paisajística, a su biodiversidad, a su gente antigua y a su gente reciente.