gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified transnasal endoscopic lothrop procedure: Further considerations (1995)

The Lothrop procedure resects the medial frontal sinus floor, superior nasal septum, and intersinus septum to create a large frontonasal communication. However, the external approach often allowed medial collapse of soft tissue and stenosis of the nasofrontal communication. We describe a modified transnasal endoscopic Lothrop procedure in which drills are used for cases in which frontal recess exploration fails to relieve obstruction of the frontal sinus. The lateral bony walls are preserved, and medial collapse does not occur. The mucosa of the posterior table and posterior nasofrontal duct is preserved, and a single common frontal opening is created. We have found this approach to be safe and reliable. Fourteen patients have undergone this procedure without complication, achieving resolution or improvement of their symptoms and maintaining wide patency of the frontonasal opening. We recognize that long-term follow-up will be required but remain encouraged with our favorable results to date.
Water Soluble Polymers. 76. Electrolyte Responsive Cyclocopolymers with Sulfobetaine Units Exhibiting Polyelectrolyte or Polyampholyte Behavior in Aqueous Media (1999)

Copolymers of N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and the zwitterionic monomer 3-(N,N-diallyl-N-methylammonio)propanesulfonate (DAMAPS) have been prepared in a 0.5 M NaCl aqueous solution using 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone (Irgacure 2959) as the free-radical photoinitiator. The feed ratio of DADMAC:DAMAPS was varied from 100:0 to 0:100 mol % with the total monomer concentration held constant at 2.5 M. 13C NMR data indicate that the resulting polymers maintain the five-membered ring structure in the cis conformation common to diallylammonium salts. Reactivity ratio studies indicate that the sulfobetaine monomer is incorporated randomly along the polymer backbone. Laser light scattering provided molecular weights and second virial coefficients, which varied from 5.16 × 104 to 8.42 × 104 and 5.54 × 10-4 to 1.89 × 10-4 mL mol g-2, respectively. Solution behavior is dependent upon ionic strength as determined by low shear viscosity and dynamic light scattering experiments. For cyclocopolymers containing <40 mol % sulfobetaine, classical polyelectrolyte behavior is shown by viscosity decreases with increasing ionic strength. However, for polymers containing ≥ 40 mol % sulfobetaine, chain expansion occurs as the ionic strength is increased above that required for the Donnan equilibrium.
Repetitive BOP coupling (REBOP) in solid phase peptide synthesis (1990)

The coupling reagent (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium (BOP) hexafluorophosphate was tested in the synthesis of luliberin (LH-RH) with inexpensive classically protected Boc-amino acids, in slight excess, and benzhydryl amino resin, without any other additive. The good solubility of this reagent and its by-products is of particular interest for automated peptide synthesis. [D-His2]LH-RH was also synthesized and compared with LH-RH by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As shown by the biological tests and the high performance liquid chromatography study, unprotected pyroGlu and Boc-His can be used without any significant racemization but Boc-His(Boc) was found to be preferable since it gave no detectable racemization and no by-products. The difficult isolation of the minority D-derivative from the crude preparation of LH-RH was resolved by a recycling procedure in reversed phase HPLC.
Antitumor activity of dichloroacetate on C6 glioma cell: in vitro and in vivo evaluation (2013)

Dichloroacetate (DCA), a small molecule mitochondria-targeting agent, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, showing potential therapeutic effects on brain tumors. Considering the effects of DCA on tumor cellular metabolism, penetrating across the blood-brain barrier, as well as having potential antitumor activity on brain tumors, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of DCA on C6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. DCA inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation, induced C6 cell apoptosis, and arrested C6 cells in S phase. DCA can inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70) in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Our in vivo antitumor effect results indicated that DCA markedly inhibited the growth of C6 glioma tumors in both C6 brain tumor-bearing rats and C6 tumor-bearing nude mice (P < 0.01). DCA significantly induced the ROS production and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in tumor tissues. Our in vivo antitumor effect results also indicated that DCA has potential antiangiogenic effects. In conclusion, DCA may be a viable therapeutic agent in the treatment of gliomas.
NK cell-mediated lysis is essential to kill Epstein–Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid B cells when using rituximab (2008)

Rituximab is a humanized chimeric monoclonal antibody, targeted against the pan B cell marker CD20. It is frequently used to treat a variety of B cell lymphomas and immunosuppression associated lymphoproliferations such as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The response rate of rituximab treatment is 65%, but the exact in vivo mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, although antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and direct induction of apoptosis have been suggested as effector mechanism. Rituximab may affect different types of lymphomas through different mechanisms. As lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) are well-established in vitro models of PTLD, we investigated the effect of rituximab on these cells using a custom built automated laser confocal fluorescent microscope. We found that rituximab alone was not effective at inducing cell death of EBV-transformed B cells. The antibody was effective in the complement-mediated CDC. Rituximab could induce NK cell-mediated ADCC but it was more effective in the presence of untreated fresh human plasma compared to heat-inactivated human plasma. Our data suggest that complement-enhanced NK-mediated ADCC is required for effective rituximab mediated killing of EBV-transformed B cells. Determining and monitoring of serum complement levels and in vitro killing efficacy of NK cells of PTLD patients might help to predict resistant cases to rituximab therapy. On the other hand our results suggest a possibility that rituximab should be combined only with cytotoxic drugs that spare NK function when treating PTLD patients.
Strain determination in semiconductors by convergent-beam electron diffraction (1996)

First mechanochemical synthesis (synthesis induced by a highenergy ball-milling process) of zinc fenite from zinc oxide and iron oxide powders at room temperature is presented. Structure of the formed zinc ferrite with a large amount of strain and defects introduced dming the mechanical treatment is characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The ball-milling of the Zn0/Fe 2 0 3 mixture in a planetary mill results in the formation of zinc fenire with non-equilibrium distribution of cations between tetrahedral and octalredral positions [1,2]. Subsequent thermal treatment of the disordered zinc fenite leads to its crystallization at temperatures, which are by about 300 K lower than those at which the crystalline zinc ferrite is formed by a conventional thermal method commonly involving solid-state reactions.
Tronox-Cristal merger faces further regulatory scrutiny (2018)

The merger between titanium dioxide producers Tronox and Cristal faces further regulatory hurdles - the European Commission has initiated a review of the deal following an investigation in the United States. ” “The market is already concentrated and Tronox and Cristal are close competitors,” the commission said, adding that the transaction could lead to higher prices, particularly in specialized markets such as building paints and pigments for plastics and paper.
A Mobile Application for Smart House Remote Control System (2010)

At the start of the second decade of 21th century, the time has come to make the Smart Houses a reality for regular use. The different parts of a Smart House are researched but there are still distances from an applicable system, using the modern technology. In this paper we present an overview of the Smart House subsystems necessary for controlling the house using a mobile application efficiently and securely. The sequence diagram of the mobile application connecting to the server application and also the use-cases possible are presented. The challenges faced in designing the mobile application and illustrating the updated house top plane view in that application, are discussed and solutions are adapted for it. Finally the designed mobile application was implemented and the important sections of it were described, such as the interactive house top view map which indicates the status of the devices using predefined icons. The facilities to manage the scheduled tasks and defined rules are also implemented in this mobile application that was developed for use in Windows Mobile platform. This application has the capability of connecting to the main server using GPRS mobile internet and SMS. This system is expected to be an important step towards a unified system structure that can be used efficiently in near future regular houses.
Detection method for ring-shape agglomerations formed by drying nanoparticle-dispersed droplet (2019)

The detection method for the ring-shaped agglomerations of nanoparticles (NPs) on a microgrid surface is described. The ring distribution of NPs is typically formed by naturally drying the droplet of nanoparticle-dispersed water. Fluorescent (FL) NPs dispersed in water and an FL microscope were used for the identification of the ring formation. With this method, the reduction of the ring formation was observed by a freeze-drying specimen preparation. The comparison with the transmission electron microscope image showed that this method gives not only for ring-shape detection but also for the evaluation of the particle-density homogeneity.
Effect of Mass Damping and Stiffness Damping in Micromachined Air Coupled Capacitance Transducer (2007)

Performance of MEMS devices relies largely on the interaction between structural actuation membranes and fluids surrounding them. When optimizing these MEMS design it is importent to consider the general characteristics of this fluid‐structure interaction. Finite Element approach is used to study the effect of mass damping and stiffness damping arising due to micro fluid layers in Micro‐machined Air‐coupled Capacitance transducer. Transient dynamics of these systems are completely driven by this fluid‐structure interaction. The aim of this paper is to understand the variations in mass and stiffness damping with frequency of operation. Furthermore, the effect of the mass and stiffness damping with geometrical parameters and transient behavior of the system are discussed.
A novel retention-enhanced structure and a reset transient model for energy-efficient electrochemical conducting bridge resistive memory (2011)

A novel electrochemical conducting bridge structure with an ion buffer layer and a model of the reset transient behavior are proposed. The addition of the ion-buffer layer to the device retards the Cu-atom diffusing toward the Cu-ion supply layer, thus greatly increases the stability and produces excellent electrical properties. An analytical model is proposed to help understand the entire reset process. Three different types of current are investigated during the reset process: (i) ionic current (ii) tunneling current, and (iii) Ohmic current. Results from simulation and experiments show that the tunneling and the Ohmic currents consume most of the RESET power. To improve the operation efficiency and reduce the RESET current, a new device structure with a high work function tunneling layer is proposed to suppress the tunneling current.
Syndrome-Based Min-Sum vs OSD-0 Decoders: FPGA Implementation and Analysis for Quantum LDPC Codes (2021)

Quantum processors need to improve their reliability to scale up the number of qubits and increase the number of algorithms that can execute. To reduce the logical error rate of the quantum systems, the use of error correction codes and decoders has been established as a low-cost and feasible approach, with good results from a theoretical perspective, for mid and long-term architectures. While most of the authors are focused on the algorithms to improve the correction capability of quantum computers, without taking into account a fundamental implementation aspect for their deployment in a real system, i.e., their latency must be bounded to avoid the qubit decoherence, only a few propose hardware architectures and they just include time estimations of their decoding latency. However, a real implementation has not been shown yet. In this work, we analyze from the point of view of hardware implementation two algorithmic options based on quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes: a) belief propagation min-sum decoders combined with codes with good error-floor behavior and b) belief propagation min-sum decoders concatenated with ordered statistics decoders (OSDs) for codes with early error-floor. The bounds for the maximum clock frequency required by the decoders to decode within the qubit coherence time are established as a parameter to show if a practical implementation is possible with the present or near future FPGA technology. Furthermore, real implementation results for a Xilinx FPGA device are provided, showing that some solutions can meet the timing constraints set up by the state-of-the-art quantum processors.
Demonstration of a CMOS Static RAM Chip with High-Speed Optical Read and Write (1997)

In the last three decades, random access memory (RAM) densities have progressed at an incredible rate, from the early 1 Kilobit chips to the 1 Gigabit DRAMs that have recently been produced [1]. Similar progress has been made in the development of micro-processors, with 64-bit RISC processors now operating at 450MHz, and GHz processors on the horizon [2]. Data transfer rates from high-density memories to processors have not, however, followed this growth curve, producing an increasing gap between memory and processor bandwidths. This has created an opportunity for new techniques for high-speed data transfer from main memory.
Microbiome Genomics and Functional Traits for Agricultural Sustainability (2020)

A sustainable approach to agriculture is required to meet the ever increasing demands in food supply caused by the growth of the human population. One area of interest in sustainable agriculture is the use of microorganisms’ abilities to increase plant yields. The use of metagenomics approaches have been crucial to understand the composition and the function of the plant microbiome. This chapter focuses on known microbiome gene-function links involved in: production/improved availability of plant nutrients; and plant disease suppression leading to improved plant growth. Genome sequencing of strain collections might provide a better screening tool for sets of plant growth promoting traits that could be readily detected in genomes. Future research should thus focus on further characterizing microbiome metagenomes, metatranscriptomes, metaproteomes, and community-scale metabolomes. This information will allow the construction of a holistic scheme of the microbiome functions in relation to its metagenome.
Rain erosion protection of IR materials using boron phosphide coatings (1990)

Boron phosphide is shown to be an excellent component of coatings which protect infra-red substrate materials from harsh military environments. Substrate materials used in the 8-l2j.m band tend to be brittle, weak and susceptible to various forms of damage. Erosion due to rain impact during high speed flight is one important type of such damage. Results are presented which demonstrate that coatings containing boron phosphide can be used to protect substrate materials such as ZnS and Ge from the effects of rain impact. Anti-reflection properties of the coatings are also considered and results presented for both single and multilayer coatings. The other materials used in the multilayers are, like boron phosphide, deposited by plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) which results in a very durable coating system.
Surface Binding of TOTAPOL Assists Structural Investigations of Amyloid Fibrils by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy (2016)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR can enhance sensitivity but often comes at the price of a substantial loss of resolution. Two major factors affect spectral quality: low-temperature heterogeneous line broadening and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effects. Investigations by NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and EPR revealed a new substantial affinity of TOTAPOL to amyloid surfaces, very similar to that shown by the fluorescent dye thioflavin-T (ThT). As a consequence, DNP spectra with remarkably good resolution and still reasonable enhancement could be obtained at very low TOTAPOL concentrations, typically 400 times lower than commonly employed. These spectra yielded several long-range constraints that were difficult to obtain without DNP. Our findings open up new strategies for structural studies with DNP NMR spectroscopy on amyloids that can bind the biradical with affinity similar to that shown towards ThT.
Local mesh operators: extrusions revisited (2006)

In this paper, we present a set of generalized "local" mesh operators. Local operators are those that operate on a single face without affecting the rest of the mesh. Boundary edges of the chosen face also stay the same. We have identified two types of local operators: (1) Extrusions that create generalized pipes in which bottom and top polygons have the same number of sides, and (2) Stellations that create generalized pyramids, where there is a top vertex instead of top polygon. Our operators can create extrusions that are regular polyhedra including dodecahedron, icosa-hedron, octahedron and tetrahedron. The tetrahedron is created using the stellation operator, which is also useful to create generalized versions of Kepler and Poinsot solids.
Degradation of Granular Starch by the Bacterium Microbacterium aurum Strain B8.A Involves a Modular α-Amylase Enzyme System with FNIII and CBM25 Domains (2015)

The bacterium Microbacterium aurum strain B8.A, originally isolated from a potato plant wastewater facility, is able to degrade different types of starch granules. Here we report the characterization of an unusually large, multidomain M. aurum B8.A α-amylase enzyme (MaAmyA). MaAmyA is a 1,417-amino-acid (aa) protein with a predicted molecular mass of 148 kDa. Sequence analysis of MaAmyA showed that its catalytic core is a family GH13_32 α-amylase with the typical ABC domain structure, followed by a fibronectin (FNIII) domain, two carbohydrate binding modules (CBM25), and another three FNIII domains. Recombinant expression and purification yielded an enzyme with the ability to degrade wheat and potato starch granules by introducing pores. Characterization of various truncated mutants of MaAmyA revealed a direct relationship between the presence of CBM25 domains and the ability of MaAmyA to form pores in starch granules, while the FNIII domains most likely function as stable linkers. At the C terminus, MaAmyA carries a 300-aa domain which is uniquely associated with large multidomain amylases; its function remains to be elucidated. We concluded that M. aurum B8.A employs a multidomain enzyme system to initiate degradation of starch granules via pore formation.
An Improved Update Rate CDR for Interference Robust Broadband Human Body Communication Receiver (2019)

Broadband Human Body Communication (HBC) enables energy efficient communication between body area network devices by utilizing the electrical conductivity property of the human body. However, environmental interference remains a primary bottleneck in its implementation. An integrating front-end receiver with resettable integration followed by periodic sampling can be utilized to enable interference robust broadband HBC. However, as required in all broadband communication systems, a Clock Data Recovery (CDR) loop is necessary to correctly sample the received data at the appropriate instant. The CDR is required to be sensitive to the clock-data phase mismatch at the receiver end and take corrective action for reducing it, similar to the CDR of a traditional receiver. In addition to that, the CDR for a broadband HBC receiver also requires to be tolerant to environmental interference. This paper analyzes the traditional Baud Rate CDR for an integrating front-end receiver and proposes a modified integrating CDR architecture with a higher update rate. Simulation results show 2.5X higher clock data frequency offset tolerance of the proposed CDR compared to the traditional Baud Rate CDR, >1.25X higher clock data frequency offset tolerance in presence of interference and >10% interference frequency offset tolerance with respect to the integration clock. The proposed CDR is also implemented in a Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA board to validate its closed loop functionality in real time.
How well do self-interaction corrections repair the overestimation of static polarizabilities in density functional calculations? (2021)

We examine the effect of removing self-interaction error (SIE) on the calculation of molecular polarizabilities in the local spin density (LSDA) and generalized gradient approximations (GGA). To this end, we utilize a database of 132 molecules taken from a recent benchmark study [Hait and Head-Gordon, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 19800] to assess the influence of SIE on polarizabilities by comparing results with accurate reference data. Our results confirm that the general overestimation of molecular polarizabilities by these density functional approximations can be attributed to SIE. However, removing SIE using the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction-correction (PZ-SIC) method, implemented using the Fermi-Löwdin Orbital SIC approach, leads to an underestimation of molecular polarizabilities, showing that PZ-SIC overcorrects when combined with LSDA or GGA. Application of a recently proposed locally scaled SIC [Zope, et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2019, 151, 214108] is found to provide more accurate polarizabilities. We attribute this to the ability of the local scaling scheme to selectively correct for SIE in the regions of space where the correction is needed most.
Metabolism of Benzoate and the Methylbenzoates by Pseudomonas putida ( arvilla ) mt-2: Evidence for the Existence of a TOL Plasmid (1974)

Mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2 which have lost the ability to grow at the expense of m- or p-toluate (methylbenzoate) but retain the ability to grow with benzoate arise spontaneously during growth on benzoate; this genetic loss occurs to a lesser extent during growth on nonaromatic carbon sources in the presence of mitomycin C. The mutants have totally lost the activity of the enzymes of the divergent meta pathway with the possible exception of 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase and 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase; unlike the wild type they utilize benzoate by the ortho pathway. Evidence is presented that these mutants have lost a plasmid coding for the enzymes of the meta pathway, which may be transmitted back to them or into other P. putida strains. Preliminary results from these mutants and from a mutant defective in the regulation of the plasmid-carried pathway suggest that the wild type contains two benzoate oxidase systems, one on the plasmid which is nonspecific in both its catalysis and its induction and one on the chromosome which is more specific to benzoate as substrate and is specifically induced by benzoate.