gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inconsistency in Graft Outcome of Bilayered Bioresorbable Supramolecular Arterial Scaffolds in Rats (2020)

There is a continuous search for the ideal bioresorbable material to develop scaffolds for <i>in situ</i> vascular tissue engineering. As these scaffolds are exposed to the harsh hemodynamic environment during the entire transformation process from scaffold to neotissue, it is of crucial importance to maintain mechanical integrity and stability at all times. Bilayered scaffolds made of supramolecular polycarbonate-ester-bisurea were manufactured using dual electrospinning. These scaffolds contained a porous inner layer to allow for cellular infiltration and a dense outer layer to provide strength. Scaffolds (<i>n</i> = 21) were implanted as an interposition graft into the abdominal aorta of male Lewis rats and explanted after 1, 3, and 5 months <i>in vivo</i> to assess mechanical functionality and neotissue formation upon scaffold resorption. Results demonstrated conflicting graft outcomes despite homogeneity in the experimental group and scaffold production. Most grafts exhibited adverse remodeling, resulting in aneurysmal dilatation and calcification. However, a few grafts did not demonstrate such features, but instead were characterized by graft extension and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the absence of endothelium, while remaining patent throughout the study. We conclude that it remains extremely difficult to anticipate graft development and performance <i>in vivo</i>. Next to rational mechanical design and good performance <i>in vitro</i>, a thorough understanding of the mechanobiological mechanisms governing scaffold-driven arterial regeneration as well as potential influences of surgical procedures is warranted to further optimize scaffold designs. Careful analysis of the differences between preclinical successes and failures, as is done in this study, may provide initial handles for scaffold optimization and standardized surgical procedures to improve graft performance <i>in vivo</i>. Impact statement <i>In situ</i> vascular tissue engineering using cell-free bioresorbable scaffolds is investigated as an off-the-shelf option to grow small caliber arteries inside the body. In this study, we developed a bilayered electrospun supramolecular scaffold with a dense outer layer to provide mechanical integrity and a porous inner layer for cell recruitment and tissue formation. Despite homogenous scaffold properties and mechanical performance <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i> testing as rat aorta interposition grafts revealed distinct graft outcomes, ranging from aneurysms to functional arteries. Careful analysis of this variability provided valuable insights into materials-driven <i>in situ</i> artery formation relevant for scaffold design and implantation procedures.
High open-circuit voltage, high fill factor single-junction organic solar cells (2014)

We demonstrate a high open circuit voltage (Voc), high fill factor, single-junction organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell consisting of tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) as the donor and pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole- 1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2, 5-dihydro (DPP) as the acceptor in a vapor-deposited, fullerene free organic solar cell. Under one sun illumination, the DBP/DPP based planar heterojunction solar cell exhibits a Voc of 1.19 V with a fill factor of 0.67, leading to a final power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.2%. Our achieved Voc is the highest value reported thus far for a single-junction, high fill factor organic solar cell. A planar-mixed device architecture allows for high exciton generation while maintaining high exciton dissociation, leading to a PCE of 3.2%. The DBP and DPP interface creates a high interface energy gap (ΔEDA) and relatively low saturation current (JS) due to poor coupling across the donor-acceptor interface. These results support earlier theories that high Voc values are dependent on large ΔΕDA and low JS for a given donor-acceptor combination in OPVs.
Synthese und Struktur eines ultradünnen Alumosilicatfilms (2006)

Die atomare Struktur eines geordneten Alumosilicatfilms auf einem Mo(112)-Substrat wurde durch hochauflösende Messungen bestimmt und mithilfe der Dichtefunktionaltheorie berechnet. Bei einem niedrigen Al/Si-Verhältnis wird die Struktur dadurch gebildet, dass Al-Atome (blau) die Si-Atome (orange) im Siliciumoxidfilm ersetzen. Der Alumosilicatfilm besteht aus einer Schicht von eckenverknüpften {SiO4}- und {AlO3}-Einheiten.
Coherent electron interference of satellite reflections (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Camera characterization for color research (2002)

Abstract In this article we introduce a new method for estimating camera sensitivity functions from spectral power input and camera response data. We also show how the procedure can be extended to deal with camera nonlinearities. Linearization is an important part of camera characterization, and we argue that it is best to jointly fit the linearization and the sensor response functions. We compare our method with a number of others, both on synthetic data and for the characterization of a real camera. All data used in this study is available online at www.cs.sfu.ca/∼colour/data . © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 152–163, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10050
Two-Player Games for Efficient Non-Convex Constrained Optimization (2018)

In recent years, constrained optimization has become increasingly relevant to the machine learning community, with applications including Neyman-Pearson classification, robust optimization, and fair machine learning. A natural approach to constrained optimization is to optimize the Lagrangian, but this is not guaranteed to work in the non-convex setting, and, if using a first-order method, cannot cope with non-differentiable constraints (e.g. constraints on rates or proportions). The Lagrangian can be interpreted as a two-player game played between a player who seeks to optimize over the model parameters, and a player who wishes to maximize over the Lagrange multipliers. We propose a non-zero-sum variant of the Lagrangian formulation that can cope with non-differentiable--even discontinuous--constraints, which we call the "proxy-Lagrangian". The first player minimizes external regret in terms of easy-to-optimize "proxy constraints", while the second player enforces the original constraints by minimizing swap regret. For this new formulation, as for the Lagrangian in the non-convex setting, the result is a stochastic classifier. For both the proxy-Lagrangian and Lagrangian formulations, however, we prove that this classifier, instead of having unbounded size, can be taken to be a distribution over no more than m+1 models (where m is the number of constraints). This is a significant improvement in practical terms.
Liquid-Crystal-Based Visible-To-Infrared Dynamic Image Converter (1985)

The development of a liquid-crystal-based visible-to-IR dynamic image converter (VIDIC) is described. Liquid crystal studies in the IR as well as the structure, operation, and preliminary performance results of a 10.6 um VIDIC are reported.
Polymer Composite and Nanocomposite Dielectric Materials for Pulse Power Energy Storage (2009)

This review summarizes the current state of polymer composites used as dielectric materials for energy storage. The particular focus is on materials: polymers serving as the matrix, inorganic fillers used to increase the effective dielectric constant, and various recent investigations of functionalization of metal oxide fillers to improve compatibility with polymers. We review the recent literature focused on the dielectric characterization of composites, specifically the measurement of dielectric permittivity and breakdown field strength. Special attention is given to the analysis of the energy density of polymer composite materials and how the functionalization of the inorganic filler affects the energy density of polymer composite dielectric materials.
Anti-Diabetic and Hepato-Renal Protective Effects of Ziyuglycoside II Methyl Ester in Type 2 Diabetic Mice (2015)

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, and closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and hepato-renal dysfunction. This study investigated the anti-diabetic and hepato-renal protective properties of ziyuglycoside I (ZG01) derivative on type 2 diabetes. ZG01 was isolated from roots of Sanguisorba officinalis and chemically modified by deglycosylation and esterification to obtained ziyuglycoside II methyl ester (ZG02-ME). Here, we showed that ZG02-ME has stronger anti-diabetic activity than the original compound (ZG01) through decreasing blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin levels in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db mice). We further found that ZG02-ME treatment effectively ameliorated serum insulin, leptin and C-peptide levels, which are key metabolic hormones, in db/db mice. In addition, we showed that elevated basal blood lipid levels were decreased by ZG02-ME treatment in db/db mice. Furthermore, treatment of ZG02-ME significantly decreased serum AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine, and liver lipid peroxidation in db/db mice. These results demonstrated that compared to ZG01, chemically modified ZG02-ME possess improved anti-diabetic properties, and has hepato-renal protective activities in type 2 diabetes.
Use of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)-Dependent Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Enzyme Staining Procedures (1980)

Substitution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent enzyme has produced identical results in a number of enzyme-linked electrophoretic staining procedures. This substitution significantly reduces the cost of staining for adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, glucosephosphate isomerase, mannosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and pyruvate kinase activity by utilizing NAD rather than the more expensive NADP.
Lactobacilli isolated from the stomach of conventional mice (1977)

Twenty strains of lactobacilli isolated from the stomach of conventional mice were tested for their ability to ferment or hydrolyze substrates that may be present in the stomach habitat. The lactobacilli could be placed in four groups (A to D) depending on their ability to ferment N-acetylglucosamine, dextrin, cellobiose, gum arabic, and xylan. The majority of the isolates belonged to groups A and D. Group A strains did not resemble previously described Lactobacillus species, but group D strains were identified as L. leichmannii. A representative group A isolate colonized the surface of the nonsecretory epithelium of the stomach of gnotobiotic mice; a group D isolate did not.
4.4 μm Raman Laser Based on Hydrogen-Filled Hollow-Core Silica Fiber (2017)

4.4 μm Raman laser based on silica fiber is realized for the first time. H2-filled hollow-core silica fiber is used as an active medium. Pumped by high-power 1.56 μm Er-doped fiber laser, the Raman laser generates up to 0.6 kW of peak power at 4.4 μm with quantum conversion efficiency up to 15 %.
AIRPORT AND TERMINAL-AREA OPERATIONS OF THE FUTURE, REPORT OF A SPECIAL MEETING, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, OCTOBER 7-8, 1986, WASHINGTON, D.C. - REPORT OF WORKING GROUP 1 (1987)

Working Group 1 concluded that solutions to existing problems are not found and implemented because of limitations of institutions and organizations. Aviation as a whole is often segregated into specialized realms between which there is little interaction. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is inherently a conservative institution, avoiding risks and fearing failure, so has difficulty in pushing programs to success. Industry organizations are fragmented by diverse interests, are indifferent to common problems, and often compete for self-serving narrow objectives. Deregulation has intensified competition so that immediate financial goals are emphasized to the exclusion of medium and long term needs. The FAA and all the diverse industry groups must talk to each other, understand their mutual problems, agree to common goals, and work together toward their realization. It is suggested that the functions of the existing Industry Task Force on Capacity Improvement and Delay Reduction be expanded. The Industry Task Force and its Working Groups will need the support of an established agency with a continuing budget for secretarial assistance and coordination. The support agency must be independent of the FAA. It is suggested that the Transportation Research Board undertake this function. A number of possible areas were nominated for work, including wake vortex, noise, reduction in runway spacing requirements for IFR parallel runway operations, airport task forces, data collection, pursuit of terminal automation, surface surveillance and guidance, optimum airport configurations, IFR converging runway operations to low minimums, IFR triple runway operations, MLS applications, rotorcraft operations, and new airport studies.
Systematic conformational bias in small-molecule crystal structures is rare and explicable (2012)

Analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database, together with DFT and crystal structure prediction calculations, show that the observation of higher-energy planar conformers of biphenyl (BP) and cyclobutane (CB) is possible because of improved intermolecular interactions in their crystal structures. Such intermolecular/intramolecular energy compensation almost always occurs when crystallographic and molecular symmetry elements coincide. For BP and CB, almost exclusively, a crystallographic inversion centre coincides with a centre of symmetry in a Ci-symmetric molecule. We conclude that the observation of higher energy conformers (with the compensation of conformational energies up to ≈8–10 kJ.mol.−1 above the global minimum) together with this symmetry coincidence is rare. The work shows that concerns, expressed by some drug discovery chemists and other scientists, that conformations observed in crystal structures are systematically biased due to ‘crystal packing effects’ is overstated: only 16% of BP and CB fragments are exactly planar in small-molecule crystal structures, while the remaining conformations are close to their gas-phase energy minima. Thus, crystal structure conformations are good guides to conformational preferences in other phases and in other applications, e.g. in conformer generation or in the study of protein–ligand binding.
An Efficient AP Selection Strategy in Wi-Fi based Vechicle-to-Infrastructure Communications (2010)

Wi-Fi based vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is an emerging solution to improve the safety, traffic efficiency, and comfort of passengers. However, due to the high mobility of vehicles and the limited coverage of Wi-Fi APs, the V2I system may suffer from frequent handoffs although roadside APs can support cost effective Internet connectivity. Such problem of V2I systems can be overcome with Mobile AP (MAP) platform. The MAPs yield longer service duration by moving along with vehicles, yet they provide a lower link capacities than the roadside APs. In this paper, we propose a new association control mechanism that effectively determines whether the vehicle will select a fixed roadside-AP or a nearby MAP in mobile vehicular network environments. We consider both the achievable link bandwidth and available connection duration as a selection criterion and provide their run-time estimation method. Extensive simulation using real traces show significant performance improvements.
Evolutionary Machine Learning for Multi-Objective Class Solutions in Medical Deformable Image Registration (2019)

Current state-of-the-art medical deformable image registration (DIR) methods optimize a weighted sum of key objectives of interest. Having a pre-determined weight combination that leads to high-quality results for any instance of a specific DIR problem (i.e., a class solution) would facilitate clinical application of DIR. However, such a combination can vary widely for each instance and is currently often manually determined. A multi-objective optimization approach for DIR removes the need for manual tuning, providing a set of high-quality trade-off solutions. Here, we investigate machine learning for a multi-objective class solution, i.e., not a single weight combination, but a set thereof, that, when used on any instance of a specific DIR problem, approximates such a set of trade-off solutions. To this end, we employed a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to learn sets of weight combinations for three breast DIR problems of increasing difficulty: 10 prone-prone cases, 4 prone-supine cases with limited deformations and 6 prone-supine cases with larger deformations and image artefacts. Clinically-acceptable results were obtained for the first two problems. Therefore, for DIR problems with limited deformations, a multi-objective class solution can be machine learned and used to compute straightforwardly multiple high-quality DIR outcomes, potentially leading to more efficient use of DIR in clinical practice.
Framework for Analyzing Garbage Collection (2002)

While the design of garbage collection algorithms has come of age, the analysis of these algorithms is still in its infancy. Current analyses are limited to merely documenting costs of individual collector executions; conclusive results, measuring across entire programs, require a theoretical foundation from which proofs can be offered. A theoretical foundation also allows abstract examination of garbage collection, enabling new designs without worrying about implementation details. We propose a theoretical framework for analyzing garbage collection algorithms and show how our framework could compute the efficiency (time cost) of garbage collectors. The central novelty of our proposed framework is its capacity to analyze costs of garbage collection over an entire program execution. In work on garbage collection, one frequently uses heap traces, which require determining the exact point in program execution at which each heap allocated object “dies” (becomes unreachable). The framework inspired a new trace generation algorithm, Merlin, which runs more than 800 times faster than previous methods for generating accurate traces [7]. The central new result of this paper is using the framework to prove that Merlin’s asymptotic running time is optimal for trace generation.
Numerical simulation on cementing displacement in different flow patterns (2010)

The efficiency of replacement was the key point of the cementing quality assurance.H-B model was used as the mathematical model for the study,and the calculation of rheological parameters was obtained.The effect of rheological parameters on displacement efficiency in different flow patterns were studied by numerical simulation method.It was shown that the displacement efficiency in stopper and turbulent flow is higher than that in laminar flow,the rule of the fluid influence displacement efficiency is similar in different patterns.The simulated results indicated that it was helpful to increase the displacement efficiency when the flow behavior index and consistency coefficient was greater than 0.5, and increasing the yield stress can not affect the displacement efficiency.And the complex well-type and well deviation would reduce the efficiency of replacement.The foundation of grasping the rheology of slurry,designing the slurry and improving the efficiency of replacement was provided.
The ATP Switch in Apoptosis (2006)

As a result of the work outlined above and other studies, a clear-cut distinction between apoptosis and necrosis no longer exists at the biochemical level. The strongest evidence for overlap comes from studies in models of hypoxia showing that over-expression of Bcl2 or its homolog Bcl-xL can block necrosis. The effects of Bcl2 appear largely due to direct effects on mitochondria, including stabilization of membrane potential, preservation of ATP production, prevention of oxidative stress, and enhanced Ca2+ uptake. In addition, Bcl2 may exert similar effects on the ER and the nucleus by regulating Ca2+ and GSH fluxes. If Bcl2 is not linked solely to suppression of apoptosis, what molecular distinctions between apoptosis and necrosis are we left with? A particularly attractive conclusion is that apoptosis requires caspases whereas necrosis does not (Hirsch et al., 1997). This would explain the ATP requirement for apoptosis, because Apaf-1-mediated activation of caspase-9-requires ATP hydrolysis (Li et al., 1997), and oxidation of the caspase active site cysteine would explain why excessive oxidative stress or thiol depletion inhibit apoptosis and lead to necrosis. It should be noted, however, that viral caspase inhibitors (such as the cowpox virus crmA protein) can partially attenuate necrosis that is due to chemical hypoxia (Shimizu et al., 1996a, 1996b). Further work is needed to directly examine the activation status of particular caspases in additional models of necrosis.
From Text-based Genome, Population Variations, and Transcriptome Datafiles to SQLite Database and Web Application: A Bioinformatical Study on Alfalfa (2021)

Abstract In this study, a web database application with the Flask framework was developed to implement three types of queries and visualize the results over a bioinformatical dataset from Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ). A backend SQLite database was constructed from genome FASTA, population variations, transcriptome, and annotation files with extensions “.fasta”, “.gff”, “vcf”, “.annotate”, etc. Further, a supplementary command-line-based Java application was also developed for faster access to the database without direct SQL programming. Overall, Python, Java, and HTML were the main programming languages used in this application. Those scripts and the development procedures are valuable for bioinformaticians to build online databases from similar raw datasets of other species.
Circulating Heat Shock Protein 60 Levels Are Elevated in HIV Patients and Are Reduced by Anti-Retroviral Therapy (2012)

Circulating heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) and heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10) have been associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. To determine whether these heat shock proteins might be associated with the immune activation seen in HIV-infected patients, the plasma levels of Hsp60 and Hsp10 were determined in a cohort of 20 HIV-infected patients before and after effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). We show for the first time that circulating Hsp60 levels are elevated in HIV-infected patients, with levels significantly reduced after cART, but still higher than those in HIV-negative individuals. Hsp60 levels correlated significantly with viral load, CD4 counts, and circulating soluble CD14 and lipopolysaccharide levels. No differences or correlations were seen for Hsp10 levels. Elevated circulating Hsp60 may contribute to the immune dysfunction and non-AIDS clinical events seen in HIV-infected patients.
RAPD data suggest the Gamkapoort Aloe to be of hybrid origin (1996)

The recent discovery of a population of Aloe with an unusual morphology in the Gamkapoort Nature Reserve has raised some interesting issues concerning its origin. The intermediate morphology of these plants suggested that they were of hybrid origin, the hypothesized parent species being A. ferox and A. claviflora, both of which are found in the region. In this study, the hypothesis that the Gamkapoort population is a hybrid originating from these two species is corroborated by data obtained using the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method.