gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
0467 A Combination Index of Low Frequency Cardio-Pulmonary-Coupling and Oxygen Desaturation has a Strong Correlation with the Apnea Hypopnea Index (2019)

Deriving an AHI from limited measurements enables simple sleep apnea diagnosis. Cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) is an ECG-based analysis incorporating cyclic variation in heart rate (CVHR) typical of apnea, and ECG-derived respiration, to generate sleep apnea metrics. Elevated Low Frequency Coupling (e-LFC) is a CPC pattern that has been associated with fragmented sleep. Narrow spectral band e-LFC (e-LFC-NB) associates with sustained central apnea, classic periodic breathing, and high loop gain obstructive sleep apnea OSA). Broad spectral band e-LFC (e-LFC-BB) associates with OSA. We combined e-LFC with oxygen desaturations to generate a SleepImage-AHI (SAHI) index and examined its correlation with the conventional 3%/arousal AHI using polysomnograms in 38 subjects. CPC analysis was done on the ECG from the PSG, generating a narrow-band index (NBI) and broad-band index (BBI). The PSG pulse oximeter trace was processed to calculate the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) defined as events lasting 10 seconds or longer of 3% or more within each CPC LFC periods. The SAHI-Adult = (NBI + ODI), and the SAHI-Pediatric = (BBI + NBI + ODI), per hour of sleep. Pearson coefficient was calculated to estimate correlation between SAHI and 3% AHI, and Bland-Altman (BA) for agreement between the two methods. There were 20 adults age 42-90 (median: 69.5, SD 14.5). There were 18 children age 5-10 years. Females were 52.6%. Pearson coefficient was 0.7649. One adult PSG had short cycle non-hypoxic periodic breathing events without desaturations which were not scored leading to AHI of 13.1 vs. SAHI of 76.2. Removal of this outlier study resulted in a correlation coefficient 0.92. The BA analysis mean difference = -2.28 (CI -6.25 to 1.70) for the whole set and -0.637 (CI -2.87 to 1.59) with the outlier remove, 0.599 (CI -1.23 to 2.43) for the pediatric, -4.87 (CI -12.38 to 2.64) for adults with, and -1.81 (CI -5.94 to 2.32) with the outlier removed. Combining CPC and ODI yields a metric comparable to AHI3%/arousal on PSGs. MyCardio, LLC
Evidence for 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in three halophilic black yeasts grown under saline and non-saline conditions (2004)

The ascomycetous black yeasts Hortaea werneckii, Phaeotheca triangularis, and Trimmatostroma salinum are halophilic fungi that inhabit hypersaline water of solar salterns. They are characterized by slow, meristematic growth and very thick, darkly pigmented cell walls. The dark pigment, generally thought to be melanin, is consistently present in their cell walls when they grow under saline and non-saline conditions. We used the inhibitor tricyclazole to test the fungi in this study for the presence of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis, since fungal melanins reportedly are derived either from DHN, tyrosine via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, gamma-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene, or catechol. Tricyclazole-treated cultures of the fungi were reddish-brown in color and contained typical intermediates of the DHN-melanin pathway, as demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography. This investigation showed that the three fungi synthesized DHN-melanin under saline and non-saline growth conditions.
Processing and chemorheology of epoxy resins and their blends with dendritic hyperbranched polymers (2004)

Abstract Toughened epoxy systems have found increasing applications in automotive, aerospace, and electronic packaging industries. The present article reported work done for elucidation of gelation and vitrification for various epoxy systems and their blends with dendritic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) having epoxy and hydroxyl functionality. Gel time was found to increase with increasing functionality from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM). The vitrification point was clearly identified from rheological experiments for triglycidyl p ‐amino phenol (TGAP) and TGDDM. In the case of DGEBA a clear display of vitrification was not observed. TGDDM underwent vitrification sooner than did TGAP. Hydroxyl‐functionalized HBP reduced the gel time of the blends because of the accelerating effect of –OH groups to the epoxy curing reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1604–1610, 2004
Anisotropic excitons inMgB2from orientation-dependent electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (2002)

The momentum transfer in electron-energy-loss spectra (EELS) recorded in an electron microscope can be controlled in a manner akin to polarization-dependent soft-x-ray absorption spectroscopy, however with much greater spatial resolution. Here we report orientation-dependent EELS from fine-grained ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ for both B K and Mg ${L}_{2,3}$ edges. Calculations based on an excited final state are used to suggest an anisotropic exciton for the peak at 55 eV at the Mg ${L}_{23}$ edge.
Improvement of the accuracy in FDTD analysis of printed rectangular antennas by using quasi-static approximation (2004)

A method of improving FDTD calculation accuracy for printed antennas is proposed. The quasi-static approximation of an electromagnetic field is incorporated into the FDTD update equation by using the integral form of Faraday's law. A few examples of printed antennas are analyzed using the proposed method. Significant improvement has been achieved in calculation accuracy, even if the same cell size as the original FDTD is used.
CRENEGON Project and its impact on magnetic observations in NIS countries (2011)

Critical changes in magnetic observations in Russia were connected with the project initiated by Russian, Ukrainian, and West European magnetologists in the late 1990ties. This project named CRENEGON (Creation of a Renewed Network of basic Geomagnetic Observatories of NIS countries) allowed to five NIS observatories to join INTERMAGNET. This presentation gives a short historical sketch of the Earth's magnetic field measurements in the Soviet Union and NIS countries since the IGY-1957. A role of cooperation with European magnetologist community in recovering observations is discussed. Problems of providing high-quality magnetic measurements at modern observatories are considered. Final part of the report presents proposals for deployment of national network of magnetic monitoring. The work was supported by RFBR grants 10-05-00661 and 11-05-00906.
Electronically tunable MOSFET-based resistor used in a variable gain amplifier or filter (2016)

We present a new design of an electronically tunable linear MOS resistor circuit that operates in the subthreshold saturation region, supported with mathematical derivations and simulation results using CSM0.13μm technology. For a given potential difference across the MOS resistor, its gate voltage will be automatically biased through feedback to provide the correct amount of current based on the desired resistance set through the bias current. In comparison with an existing design [1], the proposed design offers equal tunabilty with 36 less transistors for unidirectional current and 28 less transistors with one more bias current transistor for bidirectional current. A bias current ranging between 10nA to 100nA offers a tunable linear resistance between 20MΩ to 140MΩ.
CHAPTER 7: Cassava Viruses: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Management (2020)

Emerging viruses threaten sustainable cassava production in Africa and beyond. Scientists have developed a strategic 20-year plan for management and eradication of cassava viruses in Africa. To ensure the plan’s success, further research is needed, particularly regarding the biology and epidemiology of the fast-evolving viruses. These efforts will require an integrated management approach from farmers, scientists, and policy makers.
DCE: a guide to developing portable applications (1995)

Distributed computer concepts intro to the DCE the DCE directory service multithreaded programming the remote procedure call - parts one and two the distributed database access application DCE frequently asked questions database client access source database server source DCE build environment for UNIX and NT.
Infinity Optical Systems (2016)

Abstract Infinity optics refers to the concept of a beam path with parallel rays between the objective and the tube lens of a microscope. Flat optical components can be brought into this infinity space without influencing image formation, which is critical for the utilization of contrast methods such as DIC or fluorescence. Modern microscopy techniques require the addition of multiple optical instruments, such as light sources or laser devices, into the infinite light path. Different approaches to fulfill this need have emerged and are described here.
Integrated laser Doppler velocimeter for wall friction measurements : new prototypes and performance (1998)

International audience
Haftfestigkeitsbestimmung an Keramik‐Metall‐Verbindungen mit Hilfe von Schichtverbundbiegeproben – Teil 1 (1985)

Abstract Die Haftfestigkeit von Keramik‐Metall‐Verbindungen läßt sich mit Hilfe von bruchmechanischen Kenngrößen beschreiben. Zu ihrer Bestimmung bieten sich Schichtverbundbiegeproben mit einem Kerb im Materialübergangsbereich an, deren quasi‐sprödes Bruchverhalten die Anwendung der linear‐elastischen bruchmechanischen Prüftechnik ermöglicht. Die Auswertung des Biegeversuchs liefert als Haftfestigkeitsmaß Werte der kritischen Energiefreisetzungsrate und des kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktors, die Grenzflächenbruchenergie G C und Grenzflächenbruchwiderstand K C genannt werden. Die zur Ermittlung der Haftfestigkeitsparameter erforderlichen Korrekturfunktionen hängen von geometrischen Faktoren wie der Kerbtiefe, der Schichtdicke und dem Abstand des Kerbs zur Grenzfläche ab und werden von den elastischen Eigenschaften der am Verbund beteiligten Werkstoffen bestimmt. Die Abhängigkeit der Korrekturfunktionen wird allgemein dargestellt. Für einige Materialkombinationen wird sie durch Nachgiebigkeitsmessungen und Berechnungen mit Hilfe der Methode der finiten Elemente explizit bestimmt. Es wird ferner eine Näherungsmethode zur Ermittlung der Korrekturfunktion für beliebige Materialpaarungen vorgestellt. Haftfestigkeitsmessungen an Glas‐Epoxid‐Modell‐Verbindungen und festkörperverschweißten Keramik‐Metall‐Verbindungen bestätigen die Notwendigkeit der Korrekturfunktionen zur Bestimmung der Grenzflächenbruchenergie und des Grenzflächenbruchwiderstandes.
Serologic survey for hantavirus infection in domestic animals and coyotes from New Mexico and northeastern Arizona (1998)

Domestic animals, particularly dogs and cats, as well as coyotes do not appear to have a major role in the maintenance and transmission of SNV.
Structure of a heparan sulphate oligosaccharide that binds to basic fibroblast growth factor (1992)

Binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to the extracellular matrix of cultured bovine aorta smooth muscle cells is likely to be mediated via heparan sulphate, since not only exogenous addition of heparan sulphate to the culture medium but also pretreatment of the cells with heparitinase (but not chondroitinase ABC) resulted in loss of binding. Comparison of the affinity of bFGF to various glycosaminoglycan-conjugated gels showed a direct and specific binding of bFGF to heparan sulphate. Heparan sulphate also bound to a bFGF affinity gel. However, the proportion of heparan sulphate bound varied depending on the source of the HS (more than 90% and 45% with pig aorta heparan sulphate and mouse EHS tumour heparan sulphate respectively). The bound heparan sulphate had the ability to protect bFGF from proteolytic digestion, but the unbound heparan sulphate did not. The results suggest the presence in the bound heparan sulphate of a specific structure involved in binding. Limited digestion with heparitinase I of porcine aorta heparan sulphate yielded 13% oligosaccharides bound to the gel, of which the smallest were octasaccharides. Analysis of a hexadecasaccharide fraction which was obtained at the highest yield among the bound oligosaccharides was performed by h.p.l.c. of the deamination products obtained with nitrous acid and the unsaturated disaccharide products formed by heparitinase digestion. Comparison of the disaccharide unit compositions exhibited a marked difference in IdoA(2SO4)GlcNSO3 and IdoA(2SO4)GlcNSO3(6SO4) units between the bound and unbound hexadecasaccharides. The amounts measured were 3 mol and 1 mol per mol of the former and 0.4 mol and 0.6 mol per mol of the latter. It is likely that the binding of bFGF to heparan sulphate may require the domain structure of the heparan sulphate to be composed of clustering IdoA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3 units.
High power factor Z-source resonant wireless charger (2017)

Wireless charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is an off-line application and it needs power factor correction (PFC) function, which usually consists of a front-end boost PFC and a cascaded DC/DC converter. Recently, Z-source resonant converter (ZSRC), a single-stage solution with low cost and high efficiency, was proposed for EV wireless charger. Combining with the Z-source network, the control scheme is more challenged and sophisticated. Traditional phase-shift control can generate arbitrary combination of shoot-through state and active state over one fundamental cycle. However, ZSRC enters discontinuous mode at light loads, and huge current distortion and voltage stress are observed with phase-shift control. This paper presents a PFC control method specific for ZSRC in discontinuous mode. It can pass IEC61000-3-2 Class A criterion with all the double line frequency power absorbed in the Z-source network. Experimental results based on a 1-kW prototype with 20-cm air gap between the primary and secondary side are presented to illustrate the proposed control scheme.
Implementação Paralela em C+CUDA de um Categorizador Multi-Rótulo de Texto Baseado no Algoritmo k-NN (2009)

Em problemas de categorização automática de texto com um grande número de rótulos, as bases de dados de treinamento são grandes, o que pode tornar proibitivo o tempo de categorização para sistemas on-line. Neste trabalho avaliamos a implementação paralela em C+CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) de um categorizador multi-rótulo de texto baseado no algoritmo k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbors). Nós implementamos este algoritmo de duas formas: seqüencial em C e paralela em C+CUDA. Nossos resultados experimentais mostram que, com o uso de GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) e C+CUDA, são possíveis ganhos de desempenho da ordem de 65 vezes o desempenho seqüencial alcançado com CPUs.
Interstitial water and solute recovery by inner medullary vasa recta (2000)

A recent model of volume and solute microvascular exchange in the renal medulla was extended by simulating the deposition of NaCl, urea, and water into the medullary interstitium from the loops of Henle and collecting ducts with generation rates that undergo spatial variation within the inner medullary interstitium. To build an exponential osmolality gradient in the inner medulla, as suggested by Koepsell et al. (H. Koepsell, W. E. A. P. Nicholson, W. Kriz, and H. J. Höhling. Pflügers Arch. 350: 167-184, 1974), the ratio of the interstitial area-weighted generation rate of small solutes to that of water must increase along the corticomedullary axis. We satisfied this condition either by holding the area-weighted generation rate of water constant while increasing that of NaCl and urea or by reducing the input rate of water with medullary depth. The latter case, in particular, yielded higher solute concentrations at the papillary tip. Assuming that the fraction of the filtered load recovered by inner medullary vasa recta for water, NaCl, and urea is 1%, 1%, and 40%, respectively, papillary tip osmolality is 1,470 mosmol/kgH(2)O when urea generation and NaCl generation per unit volume of interstitium increase exponentially and linearly, respectively. The inner medullary osmolar gradient also increases further when 1) medullary blood flow is reduced, 2) hydraulic conductivity of descending vasa recta (DVR) is lowered, and 3) vasa recta permeability to NaCl and urea is maximized. The coupling between water and small solute transport, resulting from aquaporin-1-mediated transcellular flux in DVR, also enhances tip osmolality.
Laughter, communication problems and dementia (2008)

This article investigates how the elderly with dementia and their professional caregivers use laughter as a device to deal with problems related to language production and comprehension. The data consist of two game-playing situations, used to engage the elderly people in memory work. The article shows how the elderly patients recurrently laugh to acknowledge communication difficulties and to show awareness of their potential non-competency. The professional caregivers are shown to use slightly different strategies for responding to laughter segments initiated by the patients, either making the shortcomings part of the conversation or avoiding referring to the lapse explicitly. The laughter strategies used by the patients are compared to those reported in the CA-literature on laughter. It is well known that laughter is used in sequences of trouble and delicacy in both ordinary and institutional contexts, but my study shows that speakers with dementia laugh when they encounter problems related to language production and comprehension. This functional expansion in relation to premorbid occurrence is evidence that laughter fits the definition of compensatory behaviour utilized to overcome communication barriers. Certain conversational skills are preserved in individuals with dementia, but due to their cognitive impairment these resources are utilized in a slightly different way than by healthy speakers.
Microbial Monitoring in the EDEN ISS Greenhouse, a Mobile Test Facility in Antarctica (2020)

The EDEN ISS greenhouse, integrated in two joined containers, is a confined mobile test facility in Antarctica for the development and optimization of new plant cultivation techniques for future space programs. The EDEN ISS greenhouse was used successfully from February to November 2018 for fresh food production for the overwintering crew at the Antarctic Neumayer III station. During the 9 months of operation, samples from the different plants, from the nutrition solution of the aeroponic planting system, and from diverse surfaces within the three different compartments of the container were taken [future exploration greenhouse (FEG), service section (SS), and cold porch (CP)]. Quantity as well as diversity of microorganisms was examined by cultivation. In case of the plant samples, microbial quantities were in a range from 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> colony forming units per gram plant material. Compared to plants purchased from a German grocery, the produce hosted orders of magnitude more microorganisms than the EDEN ISS plants. The EDEN ISS plant samples contained mainly fungi and a few bacteria. No classical food associated pathogenic microorganism, like <i>Escherichia</i> and <i>Salmonella</i>, could be found. Probably due to the used cultivation approach, Archaea were not found in the samples. The bioburden in the nutrition solutions increased constantly over time but never reached critical values like 10<sup>2</sup>-10<sup>3</sup> cfu per 100 mL in irrigation water as it is stated, e.g., for commercial European plant productions. The surface samples revealed high differences in the microbial burden between the greenhouse part of the container and the SS and CP part. However, the numbers of organisms (bacteria and fungi) found in the planted greenhouse were still not critical. The microbial loaded surfaces showed strong temporal as well as spatial fluctuations. In samples of the nutrition solution and the surface, the amount of bacteria exceeded the amount of fungi by many times. For identification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for the isolated prokaryotic organisms. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the most abundant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. These phyla include plant- and human-associated bacterial species. In general, it could be shown that it is possible to produce edible fresh food in a remote environment and this food is safe for consumption from a microbiological point of view.
Accurate estimation of global buffer delay within a floorplan (2005)

Closed formed expressions for buffered interconnect delay approximation have been around for some time. However, previous approaches assume that buffers are free to be placed anywhere. In practice, designs frequently have large blocks that make the ideal buffer insertion solution unrealizable. The theory of Otten (1998) is extended to show how one can model the blocks into a simple delay estimation technique that applies both to two-pin and to multi-pin nets. Even though the formula uses one buffer type, it shows remarkable accuracy in predicting delay when compared to an optimal realizable buffer insertion solution. Potential applications include wire planning, timing analysis during floorplanning or global routing. Our experiments show that our approach accurately predicts delay when compared to constructing a realizable buffer insertion with multiple buffer types.
Near field focusing in large reflectarray antennas using 1-bit digital phase shifters (2009)

The procedure for scanning the beam of a reflectarray antenna in its near field region using 1-bit digital phase shifters will be discussed. Different simulation results will show the performance of the reflectarray in this mode of operation. Effects of parameters such as number of reflecting elements and distance between the illuminating source and the array will be studied. The proposed 77GHz reflectarray antenna is under development as a part of an imaging system in the framework of ARASCOM project (European 7th framework program) and will have a resolution of 1cm at 1m distance from the array with sidelobe levels lower than −10dB in ±2m scanning range.
Identifying Cognitive Radars - Inverse Reinforcement Learning Using Revealed Preferences (2020)

We consider an inverse reinforcement learning problem involving “us” versus an “enemy” radar equipped with a Bayesian tracker. By observing the emissions of the enemy radar, how can we identify if the radar is cognitive (constrained utility maximizer)? Given the observed sequence of actions taken by the enemy's radar, we consider three problems: (i) Are the enemy radar's actions (waveform choice, beam scheduling) consistent with constrained utility maximization? If so how can we estimate the cognitive radar's utility function that is consistent with its actions. We formulate, and solve the problem in terms of the spectra (eigenvalues) of the state, and observation noise covariance matrices, and the algebraic Riccati equation. (ii) How to construct a statistical test for detecting a cognitive radar (constrained utility maximization) when we observe the radar's actions in noise or the radar observes our probe signal in noise? We propose a statistical detector with a tight Type-II error bound. (iii) How can we optimally probe (interrogate) the enemy's radar by choosing our state to minimize the Type-II error of detecting if the radar is deploying an economic rational strategy, subject to a constraint on the Type-I detection error? We present a stochastic optimization algorithm to optimize our probe signal. The main analysis framework used in this paper is that of revealed preferences from microeconomics.