gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of chiral and racemic functional polymers from glycidol and thioglycidol (1994)

Abstract Racemic and optically active protected glycidols (as 1‐ethoxyethyl ethers) are readily polymerized with anionic initiators (e.g., CsOH). Polymers with molecular weights up to 30 000 are obtained without cleavage of the protective group. Oligomers (degree of polymerization [ DP n ] 5 to 10) are prepared using an aluminium complex derived from a Schiff's base. The protected thioglycidol (synthesized from the protected glycidol) leads to very high‐molecular‐weight polymers (150 000–320 000) using anionic or anionic coordinated initiators. Copolymers of protected glycidol with ethylene oxide are obtained with KOH as initiator. Regeneration of hydroxyl groups in polymers is carried out with acidic cleavage. Treatment of protected polyglycidol with formic acid leads first to the formate of polyglycidol. Then, after saponification, pure polyglycidol is obtained. The use of aqueous hydrochloric acid leads directly to the free polymer.
Specialty Chemicals from Selective Direct Fluorination (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wet Electrostatic Precipitators (2013)

The wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) is a mechanical device that uses primarily electrostatic forces to separate particulate from gas streams. The collecting surfaces are periodically cleaned using water or other suitable conductive flushing liquid, thus the name wet electrostatic precipitator.
Vocalization characteristics of North Atlantic right whale surface active groups in the calving habitat, southeastern United States (2013)

Passive acoustic surveys were conducted to assess the vocal behavior of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the designated critical calving habitat along the shallow coastal waters of southeastern United States. Underwater vocalizations were recorded using autonomous buoys deployed in close proximity to surface active groups (SAGs). Nine main vocalization types were identified with manual inspection of spectrograms, and standard acoustic descriptors were extracted. Classification trees were used to examine the distinguishing characteristics of calls and quantify their variability within the SAG vocal repertoire. The results show that descriptors of frequency, bandwidth, and spectral disorder are the most important parameters for partitioning the SAG repertoire, contrary to duration-related measures. The reported source levels and vocalization statistics provide sound production data vital to inform regional passive acoustic monitoring and conservation for this endangered species.
Robust spectral unmixing for anomaly detection (2014)

This paper is concerned with a joint Bayesian formulation for determining the endmembers and abundances of hyperspectral images along with sparse outliers which can lead to estimation errors unless accounted for. We present an inference method that generalizes previous work and provides a MCMC estimate of the posterior distribution. The proposed method is compared empirically to state-of-the-art algorithms, showing lower reconstruction and detection errors.
The Extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from Aqueous Ammonium Thiocyanate by Dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate and Related Compounds (1982)

Abstract The extraction behavior and separation factors of Am(III) and Eu(III) from low acid ammonium thiocyanate solutions were studied using dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP) and related compounds. It was found that very dilute (<0.1 M) solutions of ammonium thiocyanate were sufficient to allow quantitative extraction of Am(III) with DHDECMP. Significant differences between DHDECMP and dibutylbutylphosphonate (DB[BP]) in the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from thiocyanate were found and indicate chelation is occurring with DHDECMP, unlike the situation in the low acid lithium nitrate system. Infrared spectroscopy of the extracted complexes of La(III) and extraction studies with dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoylethylphosphonate (DHDECEP), dihexyl-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDIBCMP), and di-(2-ethylbutyl)-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DEBDECMP) confirm that chelation occurs with thiocyanate complexes of Am(III) and Eu(III). Separation factors, α, for Am(III) and Eu(III) were the lowest with DB[BP] (α = 5.84) and the highest with DHDIBCMP (α = 10.8).
[Nephrotoxicity of ritonavir]. (1998)

A RECOGNIZED COMPLICATION: Ritonavir is an antiprotease used in the treatment of HIV-positive patients. Among the known side effects, nephrotoxicity can be severe. We have observed acute renal failure in 8 patients. CIRCUMSTANCES: Renal failure occurs early after introducing ritonavir (3-21 days). It is often severe with major creatinine elevation. One patient was dialyzed for 16 days. In these patients, saquinavir was usually associated with ritonavir. RITONAVIR ALONE: We retrospectively analyzed creatinine levels in 87 patients treated with ritonavir without saquinavir. Twelve of these 87 patients (13.7%) developed renal failure. Creatinine clearance (Cockcroft) was reduced 116 to 71 ml/min in 12 patients. Finally, it was demonstrated in 6 patients that ritonavir can reduce creatinine clearance by 25% after only 3 days of treatment. VIGILANCE: Ritonavir has a known nephrotoxic potential. Acute renal failure may be severe and can occur with ritonavir alone or in combination with saquinavir. The pathogenic mechanism has not been demonstrated from renal biopsies or experimental studies. Renal function should be followed in these patients and risk factors controlled.
Myopathic changes in murine skeletal muscle lacking synemin (2015)

Diseases of striated muscle linked to intermediate filament (IF) proteins are associated with defects in the organization of the contractile apparatus and its links to costameres, which connect the sarcomeres to the cell membrane. Here we study the role in skeletal muscle of synemin, a type IV IF protein, by examining mice null for synemin (synm-null). Synm-null mice have a mild skeletal muscle phenotype. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles show a significant decrease in mean fiber diameter, a decrease in twitch and tetanic force, and an increase in susceptibility to injury caused by lengthening contractions. Organization of proteins associated with the contractile apparatus and costameres is not significantly altered in the synm-null. Elastimetry of the sarcolemma and associated contractile apparatus in extensor digitorum longus myofibers reveals a reduction in tension consistent with an increase in sarcolemmal deformability. Although fatigue after repeated isometric contractions is more marked in TA muscles of synm-null mice, the ability of the mice to run uphill on a treadmill is similar to controls. Our results suggest that synemin contributes to linkage between costameres and the contractile apparatus and that the absence of synemin results in decreased fiber size and increased sarcolemmal deformability and susceptibility to injury. Thus synemin plays a moderate but distinct role in fast twitch skeletal muscle.
Adult care for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the UK (2014)

Survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has increased in recent years due to iterative improvements in care. We describe the results of the CARE-NMD survey of care practices for adults with DMD in the UK in light of international consensus care guidelines. We also compare the UK experience of adult care with the care available to pediatric patients and adults in other European countries (Germany, Denmark, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland). UK adults experience less comprehensive care compared to children in their access to specialized clinics, frequency of cardiac and respiratory assessments, and access to professional physiotherapy. Access to the latter is especially poor when compared to other European adult cohorts. Although the total number of nights in hospital (planned and unplanned admissions) is lower among UK adults than elsewhere in Western Europe, social inclusion lags behind other Western European countries. We observe that attendance at specialized clinic is associated with more frequent cardiac and respiratory assessments among adults, in line with international best practice. Attendance at such clinics in the UK, though comparable to other countries, is still far from universal. With an increasing adult population living with DMD, and cardiac and respiratory failure the leading causes of death in this population, we suggest the need for an urgent improvement in adult access to specialized clinics and to consistent, comprehensive best practice care.
3,3-Bis(halomethylstannyl)propyl ethyl sulfoxides. The nature of intramolecular coordination in the crystals and in solution (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3,3-Bis(halomethylstannyl)propyl ethyl sulfoxides. The nature of intramolecular coordination in the crystals and in solutionKamal Swami, John P. Hutchinson, Henry G. Kuivila, and Jon A. ZubietaCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 11, 1687–1694Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00089a016https://doi.org/10.1021/om00089a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparative Analysis of Korean and American Body Sizes & Shapes using 3D Scanned Anthropometric Data (2007)

본 연구는 한미 성인여성복의 산업계에서 상호적용이 가능한 신체 치수 호환표의 작성에 필요한 기초연구로, 본 연구에 사용된 인체 치수는 모두 3차원 스캐너를 통해 수집된 것이다. 분석대상인 한국인의 인체 치수는 Size Korea사업에 의해 수집된 1,988명의 인체 치수 자료이고, 미국인의 인체 치수는 SizeUSA사업에 의해 확보된 6,306명의 성인여성 인체 치수 자료이다. 의류제작에 관련이 높다고 사료되는 34개 측정 항목이 분석에 사용되었으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어깨경사각을 제외한 전체 측정항목에서 미국 여성이 한국 여성의 인체치수에 비해 그 값이 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연령집단간 각 측정항목의 평균치를 차이를 검증한 결과, 한국 여성의 경우 엉덩이둘레를 제외한 모든 측정항목에서 연령집단간 유의차가 검증되었으며, 미국 여성의 경우 팔 길이를 제외한 모든 측정 항목에서 연령집단간 유의차가 검증되었다. 셋째, 양국 여성의 연령집단간 차이를 비교 분석한 결과, 몇몇 측정치의 경우 연령집단에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였으나, 대부분의 항목에서는 연령집단간 유의차를 나타내지 않았다. 넷째, 양국 성인여성의 동일 연령집단간 t-test결과, 샅앞뒤길이, 어깨경사각, 엉덩이둘레-젖가슴둘레, 엉덩이둘레-허리둘레를 제외한 모든 항목에서 미국 성인여성 측정치가 한국 성인여성 측정치보다 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. This research is the initial step for establishing a convertible body sizing table applicable to the Korean and American female apparel industry. All 3D female measurement data of the two countries were obtained from Size Korea Project and SizeUSA Project. The sample subjects used in this study were 1,988 Korean and 6,306 American females. Thirty-four(34) variables were chosen as the principal measurements in making garments. The conclusion of this research was as follow: First, it was determined that American women were larger and longer than Korean women in all measurement except shoulder slope measurement. Second, according to the differences analysis of the each age group in Korean Females, all measurements except hip girth had significant differences among the age groups. In case of American females, all measurements except arm length(shoulder to wrist) had significant differences among the age groups. Third, in the comparison of differences between the age groups of the two countries' women, some dimensions varied significantly with age, while others did not show any statistical significance among the age groups. Fourth, according to the t-tests of same age groups between Korean & American female measurements, American female measurements were larger and longer than Korean in all measurements except crotch length total, shoulder slope, hip girth-bust girth and hip girth-waist girth.
Coexistence of multiple anomalies in the celiac‐mesenteric arterial system (2002)

The origins and distribution of arteries of the celiac-mesenteric system were examined by dissection of 52 formalin-fixed human cadavers. Seventy-five percent of the cadavers exhibited the classic Michels' Type I hepatolienogastric pattern; 25% had different branching patterns. Multiple anomalies of the celiac-mesenteric arterial system were observed in one Caucasian female cadaver: a short lienogastric trunk; a common hepatic artery arising directly from the abdominal aorta; an anomalous course of the hepatic arteries; an accessory left hepatic artery arising from the left and right gastric arterial anastomosis along the lesser curvature of the stomach; a double cystic artery; a common inferior phrenic trunk arising from the celiac trunk; and an aberrant arterial channel connecting the proximal segments of the splenic and gastroduodenal arteries. A patent ductus venosus and an anomalous formation of the portal vein by the confluence of the splenic and superior and inferior mesenteric veins was also observed. Although single anomalies of the celiac-mesenteric arterial system are common, complex combinations, such as were observed in the present case, represent a significant deviation from the normal developmental pattern. There seems to be no report in the literature of such a combination of anomalies coexisting in one individual. The developmental and clinical significance of these anomalous vessels is discussed.
Standard quantum limits for broadband position measurement (1998)

I utilize the Caves-Milburn model for continuous position measurements to formulate a broadband version of the standard quantum limit (SQL) for monitoring the position of a free mass and illustrate the use of Kalman filtering to recover the SQL for estimating a weak classical force that acts on a quantum-mechanical test particle under continuous observation. These derivations are intended to clarify the interpretation of SQL's in the context of broadband quantum measurement, with particular attention paid to the question of how it might be possible to verify that a given laboratory measurement does indeed achieve backaction-limited sensitivity. The method used to analyze force detection may be extended to the case of weak classical forces with arbitrary time dependence, including nonstationary and impulsive signals.
Multifactorial pharmacogenetic analysis in colorectal cancer patients receiving 5‐fluorouracil‐based therapy together with cetuximab–irinotecan (2011)

Present data suggest the importance of FCGR3A 158Phe>Val and TYMS 5' UTR polymorphisms in responsiveness and survival of patients receiving cetuximab-fluoropyrimidine-based therapy.
Micromotion-induced peri-prosthetic fluid flow around a cementless femoral stem (2017)

Micromotion-induced interstitial fluid flow at the bone-implant interface has been proposed to play an important role in aseptic loosening of cementless implants. High fluid velocities are thought to promote aseptic loosening through activation of osteoclasts, shear stress induced control of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, or transport of molecules. In this study, our objectives were to characterize and quantify micromotion-induced fluid flow around a cementless femoral stem using finite element modeling. With a 2D model of the bone-implant interface and full-factorial design, we first evaluated the relative influence of material properties, and bone-implant micromotion and gap on fluid velocity. Transverse sections around a femoral stem were built from computed tomography images, while boundary conditions were obtained from experimental measurements on the same femur. In a second step, a 3D model was built from the same data-set to estimate the shear stress experienced by cells hosted in the peri-implant tissues. The full-factorial design analysis showed that local micromotion had the most influence on peak fluid velocity at the interface. Remarkable variations in fluid velocity were observed in the macrostructures at the surface of the implant in the 2D transverse sections of the stem. The 3D model predicted peak fluid velocities extending up to 2.2 mm/s in the granulation tissue and to 3.9 mm/s in the trabecular bone. Peak shear stresses on the cells hosted in these tissues ranged from 0.1 to 12.5 Pa. These results offer insight into mechanical stimuli encountered at the bone-implant interface.
Eosinophilic Cystitis: The Relationship of Allergy in the Urinary Tract to Eosinophilic Cystitis and the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilia (1974)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1974Eosinophilic Cystitis: The Relationship of Allergy in the Urinary Tract to Eosinophilic Cystitis and the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilia Lewis Rubin and Murray B. Pincus Lewis RubinLewis Rubin and Murray B. PincusMurray B. Pincus View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59761-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byITANO N and MALEK R (2018) EOSINOPHILIC CYSTITIS IN ADULTSJournal of Urology, VOL. 165, NO. 3, (805-807), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2001.NETTO J, PÉREZ L, KELLY D and JOSEPH D (2018) PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BLADDER TUMORS: MYOFIBROBLASTIC AND EOSINOPHILIC SUBTYPESJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 4, (1424-1429), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1999.Motzkin D (2018) Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Eosinophilic CystitisJournal of Urology, VOL. 144, NO. 6, (1464-1466), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1990.Thijssen A and Gerridzen R (2018) Eosinophilic Cystitis Presenting as Invasive Bladder Cancer: Comments on Pathogenesis and ManagementJournal of Urology, VOL. 144, NO. 4, (977-979), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1990.Sutphin M and Middleton A (2018) Eosinophilic Cystitis in Children: A Self-Limited ProcessJournal of Urology, VOL. 132, NO. 1, (117-119), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1984. Volume 112Issue 4October 1974Page: 457-460 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Lewis Rubin More articles by this author Murray B. Pincus More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrical Resistivity of Chromium in the Vicinity of the Néel Temperature (1961)

Previous work by other investigators has shown that a sharply cusped minimum occurs in the resistivity-temperature relationship for fully recrystallized chromium at the Néel temperature, i.e., 35°C. Plastic deformation, on the other hand, eliminates this minimum, and in addition gives rise to a pronounced change in the resistivity-temperature relationship over a wide range of temperatures centered about the Néel temperature. These results have been corroborated in the present paper. Furthermore, this behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in terms of the strong dependence of the Néel temperature on hydrostatic stresses which are thought to arise from the presence of dislocations in the deformed material.
Interferometric modulation: MOEMS as an enabling technology for high-performance reflective displays (2003)

Iridigm has produced the first color MOEMS based reflective display. The display relies on a family of MOEM devices that are called Interferometric Modulators or iMoDs. With dimensions of 240 &times; 160 pixels at 100 dpi, it exhibits contrast and brightness that is comparable or superior to existing LCD based solutions. The particular combination of characteristics within these devices is what provides for the improved performance, and facilitates the manufacture of such displays as well. These characteristics, their impact on display performance as well as the overall display system will be described and discussed.
Fault management in electrical distribution networks (2001)

The management of electricity distribution has to cope with rapid changes in the business environment, due to the liberalization in the electrical energy market. The main goal for the utilities is to reduce their operating costs to get ahead of the competition. One popular strategy is to increase the degree of automation of the network control system. The handling of network failures (e.g. short circuits, earth faults) offers a lot of possibilities for automation. The main tasks are fault localization, fault isolation and system restoration. The network operator needs excellent knowledge about the controlled network area to perform these tasks efficiently. Without efficient aids by automation, the operator has to achieve and to keep these skills by spending a lot of time with a dispatcher training simulator. In this paper a fault management system is described which automates the fault localization and the determination of isolation and restoration measures to relieve the operator from these demanding tasks during network failures.
The Human Genome Project (1994)

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a coordinated&#13;\nworldwide effort to precisely map the human genome&#13;\nand the genomes of selected model organisms. The&#13;\nfirst explicit proposal for this project dates from 1985&#13;\nalthough its foundations (both conceptual and technological)&#13;\ncan be traced back many years in genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology The HGP has matured rapidly and is producing results of great significance.
NUTRITION OF LEPTOSPIRA POMONA II (1963)

Johnson, R. C. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and N. D. Gary. Nutrition of Leptospira pomona. II. Fatty acid requirements. J. Bacteriol. 85:976-982. 1963.-The albumin fraction of rabbit serum, obtained by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation, supported good growth of Leptospira pomona Wickard when added to a medium containing phosphate buffer, NH(4)Cl, and thiamine. Extraction of the albumin fraction with ethanol and ether (3:1) resulted in a loss of its growth-supporting activity, which could be restored upon the addition of the extract or various fatty acids. The growth-supporting activity of fatty acids containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms was investigated with the extracted albumin medium. The activity of the fatty acid was found to be related to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Maximal growth was obtained with palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic, and oleic acids. The amount of growth of L. pomona increased at a fixed concentration of albumin as the molecular ratio of extracted albumin to the long-chain fatty acids increased from 1:1 to 1:6. At higher ratios, growth decreased sharply. Direct utilization of fatty acids during growth of L. pomona was shown by the incorporation of palmitic acid-1-C(14) or -2-C(14) into cellular material. A medium composed of 0.02 m Na(2)HPO(4)-KH(2)PO(4) buffer (pH 7.4), 0.8% extracted albumin, 4 x 10(-4)m palmitic acid, 10(-3)m NH(4)Cl, and 5 mug/ml of thiamine supported good growth. L. pomona was transferred ten times, and seven other serotypes were transferred five times, in this medium without any decrease in the amount of growth. Growth of L. pomona was initiated with approximately four organisms per ml.