gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OmniXtend: Direct to Caches Over Commodity Fabric (2019)

There is a dearth of interfaces for efficient attachment of new kinds of non-volatile memory and purpose-built compute accelerators to processor pipelines. Early integrated microprocessors exposed an off-chip front-side bus to which discrete memory and peripheral controllers could attach in a standardized fashion. With the advent of symmetric multiprocessing and deep caches, this direct connection, together with memory controllers, has been implemented primarily using proprietary on-die technology. Proprietary interconnects and protocols hinder architectural innovation and are at odds with the open nature of the rapidly growing RISC-V movement. In this paper we introduce OmniXtend, a fully open coherence protocol meant to restore unrestricted interoperability of heterogeneous compute engines with a wide variety of memory and storage technologies. OmniXtend supports a four-hop MESI protocol and is designed to take advantage of a new wave of Ethernet switches with stateful and programmable data planes to facilitate system scalability. Ethernet transport was selected as a starting point for its ubiquity and historic resilience to reduce barriers to entry at modern bandwidths and latencies. Moreover, it allows us to build upon a vibrant ecosystem of hardware and IP, and to provide a boost to architectural innovation through the use of field-reconfigurable networking hardware. We briefly discuss the protocol operation and show performance measurements of the first ever NUMA RISC-V system prototype.
The Effect of the Thermal Boundary Condition on Transient Method Heat Transfer Measurements on a Flat Plate With a Laminar Boundary Layer (1996)

The heat transfer coefficient distribution on a flat plate with a laminar boundary layer is investigated for the case of a transient thermal boundary condition (such as that produced with the transient measurement method). The conjugate problem of boundary layer convection with simultaneous wall conduction is solved numerically, and the predicted transient local heat transfer coefficients at several locations are determined. The numerical solutions for the surface temperature are used to determine the Nusselt number that would be measured in a transient method experiment for a range of (nondimensionalized) surface measurement temperatures (liquid crystal temperatures when they are used as the surface sensor). These predicted transient method results are compared to the well-known results for uniform temperature and uniform heat flux thermal boundary conditions. Measurements are made and compared to the numerical predictions using a shroud (transient) experimental technique for a range of nondimensional surface temperatures. The numerical predictions and measurements compare well and both demonstrate the strong effect of the (nondimensional) surface temperature on transient method measurements. Transient method measurements will give heat transfer coefficients that range from as low as that of the uniform temperature case to higher than that of the uniform heat flux case (a 36 percent difference). These results demonstrate the importance of the temperatures used with the transient method.
Satellite VHF transponder time synchronization (1968)

This paper describes an experiment designed to transfer accurate time between two widely separated clocks using a VHF satellite transponder. The satellite used was the NASA Applications Technology Satellite, ATS-1. The experiment used atomic oscillators to maintain accurate time at each station, and the synchronization was accomplished by measuring the round-trip delay times between the stations. The goal of the experiment was to evaluate a VHF system, because of the low-cost ground equipment involved, in contrast to microwave systems. The paper discusses the results and the various factors that contributed to the timing errors.
Three-Dimensional Structure of TspO by Electron Cryomicroscopy of Helical Crystals (2010)

The 18 kDa TSPO protein is a polytopic mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in a wide range of physiological functions and pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer. The pharmacology of TSPO has been extensively studied, but little is known about its biochemistry, oligomeric state, and structure. We have expressed, purified, and characterized a homologous protein, TspO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and reconstituted it as helical crystals. Using electron cryomicroscopy and single-particle helical reconstruction, we have determined a three-dimensional structure of TspO at 10 A resolution. The structure suggests that monomeric TspO comprises five transmembrane alpha helices that form a homodimer, which is consistent with the dimeric state observed in detergent solution. Furthermore, the arrangement of transmembrane domains of individual TspO subunits indicates a possibility of two substrate translocation pathways per dimer. The structure provides the first insight into the molecular architecture of TSPO/PBR protein family that will serve as a framework for future studies.
Structure and magnetic properties of SmCo thin films on Cr/Ag/Si templates (1999)

SmCo thin films were grown onto highly oriented Cr/Ag/Si templates of various orientations and their properties compared to those of SmCo/Cr/glass thin film structures. No conclusive evidence of local crystalline order in SmCo films was observed by microscopy techniques. However, in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was observed for SmCo films grown onto Si(111) and (110) templates, indicating interfacial effects, while no anisotropy was observed for SmCo on Si(100). It is hypothesized that epitaxial growth of SmCo takes place on Cr(112) surfaces, but local crystalline order disappears with increasing SmCo thickness. Uniaxial SmCo films on Si(110) exhibit magnetic properties superior to those of SmCo on other Si templates. Process optimization could lead to SmCo media largely improved with respect to current SmCo films on glass.
Collage Steganography (2006)

Establishing hidden communication is an important subject of discussion that has gained increasing importance nowadays with the development of the Internet. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is steganography. Methods of steganography have been mostly applied on images while the major characteristic of these methods is the change in the structure and features of the images so as not to be identifiable by human users. However, on the other hand, many methods have been proposed for breaking and extracting information (steganalysis) for these methods. This paper presents a method for hiding information in images by changing the appearance of the picture instead of changing its features. In this method, images of a number of relevant objects are put on a scene together in a way that is not noticeable. Then, by changing the place and type of each object, information is hidden in the image because the place and type of each object indicates a special figure and, by putting the digits figures together, the information in question is hidden in the picture. Considering that in this method information has been hidden in the appearance of the picture, then by using the present methods of identification of stegano images one cannot identify the steganography images in this method or extract data from them. The proposed method has been implemented by using the Java programming language.
Combining source code and test coverage changes in pull requests (2015)

With the increasing popularity of open-source version control platforms like GitHub, developers get more feedback on the changes they make. A common tool in version control systems is the highlighted difference view of the source code. This enables reviewers to quickly view the changes made. A missing feature is comparison of the test coverage. Since more and more projects develop a test suite to ensure quality, it is worth looking into how a change affects the test coverage of the project. In this thesis, a tool called Operias is proposed and implemented. Operias is a tool which accepts two versions of a project and calculates the difference in both source code and in statement coverage. The tool generates a HTML site, which developers can use to quickly review the changes. It is possible to run Operias as a service and to connect it to GitHub. This way, a report is automatically generated for every pull request that is opened. This helps reviewers to determine whether to accept the pull request or not. The main contributions of this thesis is the generic description of how the tool Operias works and the actual implementation of the tool. The tool is available on GitHub, and with the tool we conducted a real life evaluation with three open-source projects on GitHub to determine the usefulness of the tool. We found that in many cases Operias can help developers and reviewers during the review process.
Small-signal gain measurements in an electron beam pumped F2 laser (1993)

The net-small-signal gain of a molecular fluorine F2* laser pumped by a coaxial electron beam has been measured in gas mixtures of He/F2 and He/Ne/F2. A peak net-small-signal gain of 0.63 cm−1 has been measured in a mixture of He/Ne/F2 at a pressure of 8 bar and a pumping power density of 13 MW/cm3.
Simultaneous Coke Reduction with Improved Syngas Production during Propane Steam Reforming using Forced CO 2 Cycling (2009)

Carbon deposition during hydrocarbon steam reforming is often a major cause of pathological reactor performance and catalyst deactivation. In this paper, we report the effect of forced periodic cycling between propane-steam reforming feed and a carbon gasifying agent (CO2) as a novel reactor strategy to both improve product yield (H2 and CO) and catalyst longevity. Experiments were carried out over Co-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor. Cycle period, ?, was varied between 5 to 20 mins at 5 different cycle splits, (0.1 ? s ? 0.9). Both H2 and CO formation rates were higher (up to 5-fold and more than 10-fold, respectively) than that attainable under steady-state operation at all periods investigated. In particular, the time-average H2:CO ratio was lower (&lt; 3.0) than the steady-state equivalent for the pure propane steam reforming (14.0), although it increased monotonically with cycle split. Composition cycling with CO2 also improved catalyst stability and longevity compared to steady-state performance at the cycle periods examined. This strategic reactor operation is therefore a potentially useful key to green process engineering in the overall petrochemical plant design to effect greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Entrainment and Deposition of Fine Particles in Porous Media (1982)

Abstract Entrainment and redeposition of naturally occurring fine particles in porous media has been suggested as a mechanism leading to abnormal decline in productivity of producing wells. This paper describes the results of studies conducted to determine factors affecting this phenomenon. Experimental work done as part of this study provides the basis for a proposed phenomenological theory of entrainment and deposition. The central concept of this theory is representation of both particle and pore size distributions by partitioning the porous medium at any cross section into parallel plugging and nonplugging pathways. This simple model appears to be completely adequate for describing a broad class of filtration and entrainment phenomena. We have shown that fines entrainment and redeposition are mechanisms that can cause abnormal productivity decline and are phenomena restricted to the near-wellbore region.
Debugging the data plane with anteater (2011)

Diagnosing problems in networks is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Existing tools to assist operators primarily focus on analyzing control plane configuration. Configuration analysis is limited in that it cannot find bugs in router software, and is harder to generalize across protocols since it must model complex configuration languages and dynamic protocol behavior.
4D-4 Fabrication of FBAR for GHz Band Pass Filter with AlN Film Grown Using MOCVD (2006)

Film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) using AlN film was fabricated. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was used to obtain high oriented AlN (0002) film. The unloaded Q factor (Qscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) of fabricated FBAR was improved by reduction of Mo electrode resistance and optimization of cavity etching process. Since Mo nitridation degraded Mo resistance, reaction time between Mo and NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> became shorter than conventional process to suppress the nitridation during AlN deposition. As a result, Mo resistance was improved to be 12.3 muOmegacm from 26.4 muOmegacm. In conventional process using Bosch process to fabricate cavities, insufficient etching selection ratio between Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> of 200 brought incomplete structure of cavities. The etching selection ratio between Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> was improved to be 650 by change of the etching process. The evaluated Qscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> of the fabricated FBAR was as high as 1557 at 3.698 GHz. We achieved the high Qscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> value FBAR using high oriented AlN (0002) film by the MOCVD method
Dendritic cells have the option to express IDO-mediated suppression or not (2005)

In their recent article,[1][1] Terness et al contrast their findings with ours (D.H.M. and A.L.M.) regarding indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)–mediated suppression by certain human monocyte–derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro.[2][2],[3][3] We used this model to make the point that there can
The Effect ofElephantopus scaber L.on Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy (2013)

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is a physiological response for maintaining homeostasis. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of Elephantopus scaber L.- (ESL-) induced liver regeneration on growth factors (HGF and IGF-1), cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis suppressed. In this study, we fed five Chinese medicinal herbs (1 g/kg/day), Codonopsis pilosula (CP, Dangshen), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB, Danshen,), Bupleurum kasi (BK, Chaihu), Elephantopus scaber L. (ESL, Teng-Khia-U), and Silymarin (Sm, 25 mg/kg) for 7 days to male Spraue-Dawley rats. Then surgical 2/3 PHx was conducted and liver regeneration mechanisms were estimated on the following 24 hrs and 72 hrs. The activities of growth factors (HGF and IGF-I) and cell cycle proteins were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR. Histological analysis and apoptosis were detected by H&E stain and TUNEL. The results showed that extraction of Elephantopus scaber L. (ESL) and Silymarin (Sm, positive control) were increased protein expression levels of HGF and IGF-1 which leads into cell cycle. These results suggest that the ESL plays a crucial role in cell cycle-induced liver regeneration and apoptosis. These results suggested that the ESL plays a crucial role in cell cycle-induced liver regeneration and suppressed hepatocytes apoptosis.
Evaluation of starch retrogradation by X-ray diffraction using a water-addition method (2022)

The X-ray diffraction patterns of dry samples of starch often contain broad, unresolved peaks. When starch samples contain water, the diffraction peak of recrystallized starch becomes clear, although the peak intensity depends on the water content. Therefore, in this study, the water content of starch was controlled by adding a certain amount of water to the freeze-dried sample to reduce the measurement error. By adding water to the freeze-dried samples of cooked rice, the diffraction peak became clear and the increase in starch retrogradation with time could be measured more accurately. Accordingly, this water-addition method was confirmed to be effective in improving the measurement accuracy of starch retrogradation. Furthermore, with water addition, the tiny difference in retrogradation caused by the addition of α-glucosidase and a branching enzyme could be evaluated. The increased retrogradation of A-type, B-type, and C-type starches over time was also evaluated.
An enhanced stochastic operating cycle description including weather and traffic models (2021)

The present paper extends the concept of a stochastic operating cycle (sOC) by introducing additional models for weather and traffic. In regard to the weather parameters, dynamic models for air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction are included. The traffic models is instead based on a macroscopic approach which describes the density dynamically by means of a simple autoregressive process. The enhanced format is structured in a hierarchical fashion, allowing for ease of implementation and modularity. The novel models are parametrised starting from data available from external databases. The possibility of generating synthetic data using the statistical descriptors introduced in the paper is also discussed. To investigate the impact of the novel parameters over energy efficiency, a sensitivity analysis is conducted with a combinatorial test design. Simulation results show that both seasonality and traffic conditions are responsible for introducing major variations in the CO2 emissions.
Evaluation of Target Preparation Methods for Single‐Feature Polymorphism Detection in Large Complex Plant Genomes (2007)

For those genomes low in repetitive DNA, hybridizing total genomic DNA to high‐density expression arrays offers an effective strategy for scoring single‐feature polymorphisms (SFPs). Of the ∼2.5 gigabases that constitute the maize ( Zea mays L.) genome, only 10 to 20% are genic sequences, with large amounts of repetitive DNA intermixed throughout. Therefore, a target preparation method engineered to generate a high genic–to–repetitive DNA ratio is essential for SFP detection in maize. To that end, we tested four gene enrichment and complexity reduction target preparation methods for scoring SFPs on the Affymetrix GeneChip Maize Genome Array (“Maize GeneChip”). Methylation filtration (MF), C 0 t filtration (CF), mRNA‐derived cRNA, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methods were applied to three diverse maize inbred lines (B73, Mo17, and CML69) with three replications per line (36 Maize GeneChips). Our results indicate that these particular target preparation methods offer only modest power to detect SFPs with the Maize GeneChip. Most notably, CF and MF are comparable in power, detecting more than 10 000 SFPs at a 20% false discovery rate. Although reducing sample complexity to ∼125 megabase by AFLP improves SFP scoring accuracy over other methods, only a minimal number of SFPs are still detected. Our findings of residual repetitive DNA in labeled targets and other experimental errors call for improved gene‐enrichment methods and custom array designs to more accurately array genotype large, complex crop genomes.
Closed loop momentum transfer maneuvers using multiwheels (1995)

This paper proposes a control law that stabilizes a momentum transfer maneuver using multiwheels, which provides an analytical proof via Lyapunov's direct method. Since an open-loop transfer sometimes causes divergent and large nutation motion, especially when a minor to major axis transfer is attempted, the closed-loop scheme is discussed here. This paper also points out equilibrium which may occur not only in open loop but also in a closed-loop momentum transfer, from which no evasive path can be found. This paper provides sufficient conditions by which both divergent behavior and singular states can be circumvented by appropriately selecting the control law proposed here or by use of inertia properties of the spacecraft. This may be the most distinct feature of a closed-loop transfer utilizing multiwheels vs conventional open-loop schemes. This paper shows that neither the open-loop method nor closed-loop control with a single wheel system avoids these undesirable phenomena. The proposed control scheme with four wheels is numerically demonstrated to improve significantly the transfer behavior and exclude any singular state occurrence.
Parts-Per-Billion Mass Measurement Accuracy Achieved through the Combination of Multiple Linear Regression and Automatic Gain Control in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (2007)

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has the ability to achieve unprecedented mass measurement accuracy (MMA); MMA is one of the most significant attributes of mass spectrometric measurements as it affords extraordinary molecular specificity. However, due to space-charge effects, the achievable MMA significantly depends on the total number of ions trapped in the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell for a particular measurement. Even through the use of automatic gain control (AGC), the total ion population is not constant between spectra. Multiple linear regression calibration in conjunction with AGC is utilized in these experiments to formally account for the differences in total ion population in the ICR cell between the external calibration spectra and experimental spectra. This ability allows for the extension of dynamic range of the instrument and for the mean MMA values to remain less than 1 part-per-million (ppm). In addition, multiple linear regression calibration is used to account for both differences in total ion population in the ICR cell as well as relative ion abundance of a given species, which also affords mean MMA values at the parts-per-billion (ppb) level.
Anti-cancer agents based on N-acyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b] quinoline derivatives and a method of making (2023)

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds that can be used as anti-cancer agents in the prostate cancer therapy. In particular, the invention relates to N-acyl derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolines having the structural Formula (I), ##STR00001## stereoisomers, tautomers, racemics, prodrugs, metabolites thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof. The meaning of R1 is independently selected from H; C1-C6 Alkyl, cyclo-Alkyl or iso-Alkyl substituents; R2 is selected from C1-C6 Alkyl, cyclo-Alkyl or iso-Alkyl; substituted or non-substituted, fused or non-fused to substituted or non-substituted aromatic ring, aryl or heteroaryl groups. The invention also relates to methods for preparing said compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds.