gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 1,3-dimethoxytrimethylene bridge as two latent carboxyl groups: synthesis of cis-isoaposantenic and cis-apocamphoric acids (1981)

The syntheses of cis-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cis-cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cis-isoaposantenic acid, and cis-apocamphoric acid are described. The key step of each synthesis is the bromine oxidation of an appropriate bicyclic compound in which a 1,3-dimethoxytrimethylene bridge is converted into two cis-carboxyl groups.
Purification and identification of novel antioxidant peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein concentrate (2014)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of chickpea protein concentrate (CP) by Alcalase® and some physiochemical and antioxidant properties of the resulting hydrolysate (CPH) were characterised. CPH displayed higher antioxidant activity than CP. This hydrolysate was fractionated by size exclusion chromatography on a Sephadex G-25 into four major fractions (Fra.I, Fra.II, Fra.III, and Fra.IV). Fraction III, which exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (54% at 1 mg/ml), was then fractionated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Eleven antioxidant fractions were isolated and two peptide sub-fractions show antioxidant activity (P3 and P8). The P8 displayed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (67%; at 200 µg/ml) among these peptides subfractions. The molecular masses and amino acids sequences of the purified peptides were determined using ESI-MS and ESIMS/MS, respectively. Their structures were identified as Asp-His-Gly and Val-Gly-Asp-Ile. These peptides did not show haemolytic activity towards bovine erythrocytes. The results suggest that CPH are good source of natural antioxidants.
Velocity measurement in a fluid using LDV: low-cost sensor and signal processing design (2003)

Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) has been widely used for many years in fluid mechanics to measure particle velocity. However in most applications, in industrial processes for example, such a system is often too expensive. This paper discusses a technique based on the use of an analog phased-locked loop and an analog integrator system for processing LDV data to infer particle velocity. This method appears to be suitable for designing low-cost integrated LDV sensors. A SIMULINK/sup /spl reg// program has been written in order to validate the method for velocities in the 10 mm/s to 80 mm/s range. Finally, the performance of the estimator is illustrated by Monte-Carlo simulations obtained from a synthesized Doppler signal.
Early T-helper cell defects in HIV infection (1991)

From the Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Obstetric outcomes after transfer of vitrified blastocysts (2010)

No adverse neonatal outcomes were observed in children born after transfer of vitrified, as compared with fresh blastocysts or after transfer of slow-frozen early cleavage stage embryos.
7-Hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-4a,9,10,10a-tetrahydro-phenanthren-2(1H)-one (2011)

The title compound, C20H26O2, was isolated from a chloro­form extract of Tetra­clinis articulata wood. The mol­ecule contains three fused rings which exhibit different conformations. The non-aromatic oxo-substituted ring has a screw-boat conformation, while the central ring has a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked to each other by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carbonyl and hy­droxy groups.
Dissecting the mechanisms and molecules underlying the potential carcinogenicity of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer (CRC): an overview on the current state of knowledge (2018)

Meat is a crucial nutrient for human health since it represents a giant supply of proteins, minerals, and vitamins. On the opposite hand, the intake of red and processed meat is taken into account dangerous due to its potential of carcinogenesis and cancer risk improvement, particularly for colorectal cancer (CRC), although it has been reported that also the contaminations of beef infected by oncogenic bovine viruses could increase colorectal cancer's risk. Regarding the mechanisms underlying the potential carcinogenicity of red and processed meat, different hypotheses have been proposed. A suggested mechanism describes the potential role of the heterocyclic amines (HACs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAs) in carcinogenesis induced by DNA mutation. Another hypothesis states that heme, through the lipid peroxidation process and therefore the formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), produces cytotoxic and genotoxic aldehydes, resulting in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a recent proposed hypothesis, is based on the combined actions between the N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and genotoxic compounds. The purpose of this narrative review is to shed a light on the mechanisms underlying the potential carcinogenicity of red and processed meat, by summarizing the data reported in literature on this topic.
In the network (2011)

The increasing performance of commodity computer hardware has spawned new use cases for the personal computer. Specialized, cost effective network devices, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems can be implemented with off the shelf components. At the heart of the performance increase is the computer microarchitecture, comprised of the CPU, peripheral buses and the memory interface. Intel has recently unveiled their next generation core microarchitecture called "Sandy Bridge". In this paper, we present some initial network I/O performance results of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture platform. The results are compared to the previous Intel microarchitecture, "Nehalem".
GeoSphereSearch: Context-Aware Geographic Web Search (2006)

This paper presents the GeoSphereSearch engine for context-aware\ngeographic queries on the Web. It facilitates the formulation\nof geographic queries and the visual presentation of\ndiscrete or aggregated query results in an intuitive manner.\nIn contrast to other approaches it does not assign geographic\nfootprints to documents, but considers context-aware geographic\ninformation on the fly, allowing a fine-grained query\nevaluation on the level of document fragments, not complete\ndocuments.
Substrate and inhibitor studies of thermolysin-like neutral metalloendopeptidase from kidney membrane fractions. Comparison with bacterial thermolysin (1986)

The inhibitory constants of a series of synthetic N-carboxymethyl peptide inhibitors and the kinetic parameters (Km, kcat, and kcat/Km) of a series of model synthetic substrates were determined for the membrane-bound kidney metalloendopeptidase isolated from rabbit kidney and compared with those of bacterial thermolysin. The two enzymes show striking similarities with respect to structural requirements for substrate binding to the hydrophobic pocket at the S1' subsite of the active site. Both enzymes showed the highest reaction rates with substrates having leucine residues in this position while phenylalanine residues gave the lowest Km. The two enzymes were also inhibited by the same N-carboxymethyl peptide inhibitors. Although the mammalian enzyme was more susceptible to inhibition than its bacterial counterpart, structural variations in the inhibitor molecules affected the inhibitory constants for both enzymes in a similar manner. The two enzymes differed significantly, however, with respect to the effect of structural changes in the P1 and P2' positions of the substrate on the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The mammalian enzyme showed the highest reaction rates and specificity constants with substrates having the sequence -Phe-Gly-Phe- or -Phe-Ala-Phe- in positions P2, P1, and P1', respectively, while the sequence -Ala-Phe-Phe- was the most favored by the bacterial enzyme. The sequence -Gly-Gly-Phe- as found in enkephalins was not favored by either of the enzymes. Of the substrates having an aminobenzoate group in the P2' position, the mammalian enzyme favored those with the carboxyl group in the meta position while the bacterial enzyme favored those with the carboxyl group in the para position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hommes et objets connectés : un futur déjà bien présent (2014)

Il se passe aujourd'hui rarement une semaine sans qu'on entende parler des objets connectés dans les media grand public. Cette révolution qu'on nous promet a déjà commencé à entrer dans la vie courante, sous des formes diverses et quelquefois extrêmement installées dans le quotidien. Le smartphone en est l'exemple emblématique, dont l'importance va croissante en relation avec les services qu'il propose, les coûts en baisse et l'impact sur les modes de vie qu'il induit. Cependant cet engouement ne doit pas masquer les multiples problématiques et difficultés technologiques, réglementaires et sociétales à résoudre avant que la diversité des objets connectés ait massivement pénétré les sphères professionnelle et privée. Notre histoire des techniques est truffée de promesses non tenues, mais aussi de retournements opérés grâce à des avancées collatérales se révélant finalement essentielles pour que le succès soit au rendez-vous. Il en est ainsi de la domotique, dont les années 80 laissaient entrevoir un avenir radieux qui ne s'est pas produit. C'est l'association de l'informatique, d'internet, des réseaux sans fil et de la disponibilité de capteurs bas coût qui pourrait aujourd'hui en permettre un retour en force. Plus généralement, cette association va permettre une généralisation des dispositifs connectés et leur insertion dans un environnement computationnel capable d'exploiter les données mesurées pour les traduire en décisions et actions, ce que la commission européenne intitulait il y a quelques années "intelligence ambiante". Les applications sont donc extrêmement nombreuses (transports, santé et télémédecine, sport et bien être, jeux et loisirs, tourisme, luxe...). La pratique du virtuel étant déjà bien ancrée dans nos vies, on conçoit aisément que les enjeux économiques sous-jacents rencontrent l'intérêt de multiples acteurs de la chaîne de valeur et génèrent de grands espoirs. Cependant la technologie n'est ni infaillible ni omnipuissante et on ne peut s'exonérer des lois fondamentales de la physique. Miniaturisation, autonomie, capacité de traitement embarqué, sécurité, sobriété énergétique et écologie ne sont pas toujours bien compatibles et de nombreux compromis seront nécessaires. La décennie à venir verra de forts développements en recherche et ingénierie pour les réaliser, dans les domaines électronique, informatique et physico-chimique parmi d'autres. Les articles qui suivent abordent à ce titre plusieurs aspects importants et complémentaires des travaux en cours.
Delayed inhibition of tonic inhibition enhances functional recovery following experimental ischemic stroke (2017)

The current study focuses on the ability to improve cognitive function after stroke with interventions administered at delayed/chronic time points. In light of recent studies demonstrating delayed GABA antagonists improve motor function, we utilized electrophysiology, biochemistry and neurobehavioral methods to investigate the role of α5 GABAA receptors on hippocampal plasticity and functional recovery following ischemic stroke. Male C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to 45 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and analysis of synaptic and functional deficits performed 7 or 30 days after recovery. Our findings indicate that hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is impaired 7 days after stroke and remain impaired for at least 30 days. We demonstrate that ex vivo administration of L655,708 reversed ischemia-induced plasticity deficits and importantly, in vivo administration at delayed time-points reversed stroke-induced memory deficits. Western blot analysis of hippocampal tissue reveals proteins responsible for GABA synthesis are upregulated (GAD65/67 and MAOB), increasing GABA in hippocampal interneurons 30 days after stroke. Thus, our data indicate that both synaptic plasticity and memory impairments observed after stroke are caused by excessive tonic GABA activity, making inhibition of specific GABA activity at delayed timepoints a potential therapeutic approach to improve functional recovery and reverse cognitive impairments after stroke.
Scaling Laws of Flow Rate, Vessel Blood Volume, Lengths, and Transit Times With Number of Capillaries (2018)

The structure-function relation is one of the oldest hypotheses in biology and medicine; i.e., form serves function and function influences form. Here, we derive and validate form-function relations for volume, length, flow, and mean transit time in vascular trees and capillary numbers of various organs and species. We define a vessel segment as a "stem" and the vascular tree supplied by the stem as a "crown." We demonstrate form-function relations between the number of capillaries in a vascular network and the crown volume, crown length, and blood flow that perfuses the network. The scaling laws predict an exponential relationship between crown volume and the number of capillaries with the power, λ, of 4/3 < λ < 3/2. It is also shown that blood flow rate and vessel lengths are proportional to the number of capillaries in the entire stem-crown systems. The integration of the scaling laws then results in a relation between transit time and crown length and volume. The scaling laws are both intra-specific (i.e., within vasculatures of various organs, including heart, lung, mesentery, skeletal muscle and eye) and inter-specific (i.e., across various species, including rats, cats, rabbits, pigs, hamsters, and humans). This study is fundamental to understanding the physiological structure and function of vascular trees to transport blood, with significant implications for organ health and disease.
A heat capacity model of T3/2 dependence for quantum dots (2016)

This article addresses the heat capacity of quantum dots (QDs) using density functional theory (DFT). By analyzing the evolution of phonon density of states and heat capacity as CdSe clusters grow from a molecular cluster into larger quantum confined solids, we have shown that their heat capacity does not fit very well with the Debye T<sup>3</sup> model. We observed that the number of phonon modes, which is discrete, increases as the particles grow, and the dispersion relation shows a quadratic behavior in contrast to the bulk solids whose dispersion relation is linear and equal to the sound velocity. The phonon density of states showed a square root variation with respect to frequency whereas that of the bulk is a quadratic variation of frequency. From the observed variation in the phonon density of states and holding the fact that the atomic vibrations in solids are elastically coupled, we have re-derived the expression for total energy of the QDs and arrive at a T<sup>3/2</sup> model of heat capacity, which fits very well to the observed heat capacity data. These results give promising directions in the understanding of the evolution of the thermophysical properties of solids.
The 5'-flanking region of the mouse vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene contains evolutionarily conserved sequence motifs within a functional promoter. (1990)

The 5'-flanking, 5'-untranslated, and amino-terminal protein coding regions of the single-copy 13-kilobase mouse vascular smooth muscle (VSM) alpha-actin gene have been cloned and sequenced. Respectively, there is 73 and 89% homology from the start of transcription (+1) to a point 206 base pairs upstream when comparing mouse to chicken and mouse to human VSM alpha-actin 5'-flanking region sequences. Two proximal 16-base pair motifs containing putative cis-acting regulatory elements having the configuration CC(A/T)6GG were found to be 100% conserved and present in the same position upstream from the transcription start site in all three species. A third more distal CC(A/T)6GG-like motif was 100% conserved between only the mouse and human genes whereas a fourth motif was unique to the mouse gene. The two upstream motifs may be important in controlling VSM alpha-actin gene transcription in mammals. Cell transfection assays using hGH reporter gene fusion plasmids showed that all four CC(A/T)6GG elements were required for tissue-specific, core promoter activity and were able to direct hGH expression in both mouse BC3H1 myogenic cells and early-passage rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. The core promoter was not active in mouse fibroblasts suggesting that the region between -372 and -143 may mediate tissue-restrictive expression of the VSM alpha-actin gene. A putative "cell density responsive element" may be located between -1074 and -372 since fusion plasmids containing this portion of the VSM alpha-actin 5'-flanking region were significantly more active in promoting hGH expression in inducible, density-activated BC3H1 myoblasts compared to aortic smooth muscle cells which are largely constitutive for VSM alpha-actin expression.
Intradural spinal cord lesions: Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. (1989)

Twenty-five patients with suspected spinal cord neoplasms were studied with high-field-strength magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (1.5 T) before and after administration of gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (gadopentetate dimeglumine). Five patients had enhancing, nonneoplastic lesions, including spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), cord infarction, and chronic arachnoiditis. Fifteen patients had proved spinal cord neoplasms, 13 intramedullary and two extramedullary. Four of the intramedullary tumors were detected only after Gd-DTPA administration; in five others, contrast material enhancement improved observer confidence. Gd-DTPA also demonstrated one dural AVF not detected on precontrast images. Regions of cord ischemia or infarction related to spinal dural AVF also enhanced in three patients. Advantages of Gd-DTPA include the demonstration of small isointense intramedullary tumors and the ability to permit differentiation of tumor from adjacent cord syrinx and solid tumor from postoperative gliosis and arachnoid scarring. Gd-DTPA enhancement is a useful adjunct to high-resolution MR imaging of the spinal cord.
Counting drugs to understand the disease: The case of measuring the diabetes epidemic (2007)

While pharmacoepidemiological databases provide a useful tool for monitoring pharmacologically treated diabetes, a dedicated diabetes database covering all prevalents and incidents is needed for a more detailed analysis of underlying causes and trends.
The Elastic Properties and Thermal Expansion of Invar-Type Mn&ndash;Ge Base Ternary Alloys (1986)

The magnetization, Young’s modulus and thermal expansion at 150–600 K and crystal structures at room temperature were investigated in the Mn–Ge based ternary alloys containing Ti, V or Cr less than 14%, which had various crystal structures i.e., γ (14% Ge), γ+ε(16–20% Ge) and ε(22% Ge) phases.Magnetization values of the ternary alloys attainable are 0.4−0.5×10−6Wb·m·kg−1 in the range of temperatures measured. The temperature dependence of magnetization of the ternary alloys shows a tendency similar to that of the basal binary alloys and distinct variations at Tt, corresponding to the β\ ightleftarrowsγ or the β\ ightleftarrowsε reversible phase transformation and at TN(ε) and/or TN(γ) corresponding to the antiferromagnetic Néel points of the ε phase and the γ phase, respectively. At each point of Tt, TN(ε) and TN(γ), both Young’s modulus and thermal expansion show remarkable variations. The Elinvar properties are observed in the temperature range between Tt and TN(ε) or in the range below TN(γ), and a small thermal expansion coefficient is obtained in a temperature range below TN(ε) in the alloys having the ε or ε-rich phase. A very small temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus in the neighborhood of room temperature is obtained over a wider composition range in the Mn–Ge–Ti system than in the alloys containing V or Cr. Unlike the case of elasticity, Mn–Ge–Cr alloys show a small thermal expansion coefficient over a wider composition range than in the other alloys. In the case of the Mn–Ge–V alloys, there is a certain composition range where both the thermal expansion coefficient and the temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus become very small at room temperature. Therefore, the temperature coefficient of the ultrasonic delay time shows a relatively small value.
The ADP Receptor P2Y1is Necessary for Normal Thermal Sensitivity in Cutaneous Polymodal Nociceptors (2011)

These results strongly suggest that P2Y1 is required for normal thermal signaling in cutaneous sensory afferents. Furthermore, they suggest that nucleotides released from peripheral tissues play a critical role in the transduction of thermal stimuli in some fiber types.
In vitro mycorrhization of micropropagated Helianthemum almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi (desert truffle) (1994)

The mycorrhizal synthesis of Terfezia claveryi with micropropagated plantlets of Helianthemum almeriense was carried out in vitro on modified Modified Melin- Norkrans (MMN) agar medium with pH 8.0. The mycorrhization rate was about 80% after 12 weeks. T. claveryi formed ectendomycorrhizas without hyphal mantle. The effect of the fungus on in vitro rooting was also studied. T. claveryi did not enhance in vitro rooting of microcuttings of H. almeriense. In vitro survival of the plantlets was the limiting step and mycorrhizal inoculation appeared to improve the survival rate of rooted plantlets. The effect of the mineral composition and pH of the medium on survival are discussed.
Strain Sensing Fabric for Hand Posture and Gesture Monitoring (2005)

In this paper, we report on a new technology used to implement strain sensors to be integrated in usual garments. A particular conductive mixture based on commercial products is realized and directly spread over a piece of fabric, which shows, after the treatment, piezoresistive properties, i.e., a change in resistance when it is strained. This property is exploited to realize sensorized garments such as gloves, leotards, and seat covers capable of reconstructing and monitoring body shape, posture, and gesture. In general, this technology is a good candidate for adherent wearable systems with excellent mechanical coupling with body surface. Here, we mainly focused on a sensorized glove able to detect posture and movements of the fingers. It could be used in several fields of application. We report on experimental results of a sensorized glove used as movements recorder for rehabilitation therapies and medicine. Furthermore, we describe a dedicated methodology used to read the output sensors which allowed to avoid using metallic wires for the connections. The price to be paid for all these advantages is a nonlinear electric response of the fabric sensor and a too long settling time, that in principle, make these sensors not suitable for real-time applications. Here we propose a hardware and computational solution to overcome this limitation.
New insights into probiotic mechanisms (2013)

There has been continued and expanding recognition of probiotic approaches for treating gastrointestinal and systemic disease, as well as increased acceptance of probiotic therapies by both the public and the medical community. A parallel development has been the increasing recognition of the diverse roles that the normal gut microbiota plays in the normal biology of the host. This advance has in turn has been fed by implementation of novel investigative technologies and conceptual paradigms focused on understanding the fundamental role of the microbiota and indeed all commensal bacteria, on known and previously unsuspected aspects of host physiology in health and disease. This review discusses current advances in the study of the host-microbiota interaction, especially as it relates to potential mechanisms of probiotics. It is hoped these new approaches will allow more rational selection and validation of probiotic usage in a variety of clinical conditions.