gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends and spatial patterns of fine-resolution aerosol optical depth–derived PM2.5 emissions in the Northeast United States from 2002 to 2013 (2016)

Emission trend analysis provides crucial information for evaluating and enhancing the efficacies of emission control strategies as well as studying air pollution associated health risks. In this study, the patterns and trends of year-round and seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission over the Northeast United States are presented at a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km for the period of 2002-2012.
Effects of cueing on the tuning function for orientation (2010)

Several studies suggest that attentional modulation can act very early on the visual system by changing the properties of units tuned to targets and/or distractors. If attention acts as early as in V1, either by enhancing the gain of the units seeing the target or by reducing the spread of the tuning function of such units, or both, then the signature of the responsible mechanism(s) can be revealed by using a masking paradigm. We devised a task that mixes the classical Posner and masking paradigms. The test was a vertical Gabor patch varying in contrast displayed in one of two intervals (2IFC) and in one of two locations on either side of fixation. The mask, a ‘barcode’ patch varying in contrast and orientation, was presented in both locations and overlapped the test. Attention was summoned through peripheral cues signaling the location of the test patch in the signal interval, and a random location in the noise interval. Comparing thresholds for parallel, orthogonal and no mask in the two attentional conditions showed a significant difference only with a parallel mask, which disrupted performance strongly. When the mask is orthogonal or absent, there was no difference between cued and uncued conditions. We then measured a tuning function by systematically varying the orientation of the mask. Interestingly, the width of the tuning function is unaffected by the attentional condition, whereas sensitivity increased by 50% when the cue signaled the test location. The results indicate that uncertainty plays little or no role in our task, as the cue is effective only under particular angle relationships between test and mask. Comparing the tuning functions under the two attentional conditions suggests that attention produces a pure signal enhancement. In fact, the width of the tuning function does not differ in the two conditions, showing a spread of about 40°, similar to previous physiological estimates. This work was made possible by a NEI grant R01EY12038 to PV.
Studies on the Vital Staining of Cells in the Fluid obtained by Puncture from Animals, mainly by Means of Tissue Culture (1958)

The author performed basic-dye vital staining of ascites cells, especially phagocytes, of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and chickens or acidic-dye vital staining by injecting dyes into the peritoneal cavity of these animals, by means of tissue culture in both cases, and obtained the following results:1. In the cases of basic-dye vital staining phagocytes present a neutral red rosette formation as their basic picture; and mitochondria are distributed around the nucleus, revealing an appearance much like a moncyte; and the higher the animal is the more pronounced is this tendency.2. In the acidic-dye vital staining as applied to mice, at each additional injection of the dye the degree and percentage of staining cells increase step by step as if it indicated an increase in the degeneration of cells with each injection. Although these cells do not demonstrate characteristics in so high a degree as in the case of basic dyes, they, nevertheless, present essentially a staining picture resembling the findings on monocytes, considering these cells prior to degeneratiou.From these findings it may be said that the picture of vital staining in the ascites cells resembles that of monocytes.
Nodule on the Left Thumb in an Elderly Man: Challenge (2023)

Bartley, Brooke R. BS*; Prieto, Victor G. MD, PhD†,‡; Cho, Woo Cheal MD‡ Author Information
A theoretical study of the hyperfine fields in BCC FexCr1-xand FexCo1-xalloys (1990)

The hyperfine fields in the substitutionally disordered BCC alloy systems FexCr1-x and FexCo1-x have been studied by means of charge self-consistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR CPA) electronic structure calculations. For the various components, the contribution to the Fermi contact hyperfine field due to core polarisation was found to be proportional to the corresponding local spin moment. The contributions of the conduction band, however, did not show such a simple behaviour and turned out to be dominated by the occupation of the s bands for spin up and down. To study the influence of relativistic effects on the hyperfine fields the corresponding matrix elements for the Fermi contact interaction have been calculated nonrelativistically as well as fully relativistically. The importance of contributions to the hyperfine fields coming from non-s electrons have been investigated by performing spin-polarised relativistic linear muffin tin orbital method (SPRLMTO) band structure calculations for hypothetically ordered alloys.
Procedimiento de detección de un tipo seleccionado de moléculas en una muestra (2013)

Procedimiento de detección de un tipo seleccionado de moléculas o sustancia en una muestra quecomprende las etapas de:&#13;\n&#13;\na) poner en contacto la superficie receptora de un elemento micromecánico con la muestra, estandodispuesta dicha superficie receptora para interactuar con dichas moléculas o sustancia cuando dichasmoléculas o sustancia están presentes en dicha muestra, estando dispuesto el elemento micromecánico demodo que al menos una característica mecánica detectable de dicho elemento cambia cuando dichasuperficie receptora interactúa con dichas moléculas o sustancia;&#13;\n&#13;\nb) medir dicha característica mecánica para obtener datos referidos a dicha característica mecánica;&#13;\n&#13;\nc) determinar, en base a dichos datos, si la muestra contiene dicho tipo de moléculas o sustancia;&#13;\n&#13;\nen el queal menos una condición a la que al menos la superficie receptora del elemento micromecánico está sometida, sevaría, con lo que dicha característica mecánica se mide una pluralidad de veces, de modo que los datos referidos adicha característica mecánica se obtienen para diferentes valores de dicha condición, con lo que la relación entredichos datos y dichos valores de la condición son usados para determinar si la muestra contiene dicho tipo demoléculas o sustancia o para determinar si existen fenómenos asociativos entre la superficie receptora y lasmoléculas o sustancia detectadas,&#13;\n&#13;\nen el que dicha característica mecánica es seleccionada de entre la curvatura de una porción del elementomicromecánico, la posición de una porción del elemento micromecánico, al menos una característica de vibracióndel elemento micromecánico o tensión superficial en una porción del elemento mecánico, en el que dichas moléculasson moléculas de ácidos nucleicos y proteínas o péptidos y dichas sustancias son células eucariotas, bacterias, viruso viroides,&#13;\n&#13;\ny en el que&#13;\n&#13;\ndicha condición es al menos humedad o humedad relativa.
Seaside story (2000)

It isn't all winding lanes and holidaymakers, Brighton has a large population of homeless people. Norma House is helping to ensure they get the help they need
Instrumental analysis of Aircraft Paints for Improved Corrosion Protection (2009)

Aircraft coatings are designed primarily to offer corrosion resistance to the underlying metallic structure. Typically, for military aircraft coatings, the chromate converted aluminum substrate is coated with an epoxy polyamide primer and a two-part polyurethane topcoat. The proper stoichiometry of base resin with the curing solution plays an important role in controlling the chemical and mechanical properties of the cured aircraft coating. Generally, under-cured paints leave traces of monomer in the coating which may act as initiation points for coating degradation during the service lifetime. In this study, the effect of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric ratios of resin and the curing solution will be monitored during paint cure at ambient temperature. The effect of resin and curing solution ratio on the cured coating's degradation will also be studied. An aircraft topcoat, specifically a two-part 459-line anzothane polyurethane was chosen for this study. Curing and degradation studies of the polyurethane coating were monitored with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
Feasibility of linear GSM blind channel equalization (2002)

We focus on the design of a blind equalization receiver for phase-modulated GSM systems without relying on additional antennas. We derive an equivalent baseband PAM model for the GMSK signal used in GSM systems. More importantly, we are able to use a de-rotation scheme to create two sub-channels for each GMSK signal even though the GMSK signal has almost zero excess bandwidth. The significance of the first discovery is that traditional QAM blind equalization algorithms can now be applied to GSM systems. The significance of the second discovery reduces the necessary RF receivers (sensors) by half without increasing the hardware or computational costs. Simulation results are presented for several second-order statistical (SOS) and higher order statistical (HOS) methods.
Web Services Wind Tunnel: On Performance Testing Large-Scale Stateful Web Services (2007)

New versions of existing large-scale web services such as Passport.com© have to go through rigorous performance evaluations in order to ensure a high degree of availability. Performance testing (such as benchmarking, scalability, and capacity tests) of large-scale stateful systems in managed test environments has many different challenges, mainly related to the reproducibility of production conditions in live data centers. One of these challenges is creating a dataset in a test environment that mimics the actual dataset in production. Other challenges involve the characterization of load patterns in production based on log analysis and proper load simulation via reutilization of data from the existing dataset. The intent of this paper is to describe practical approaches to address some of the aforementioned challenges through the use of various novel techniques. For example, this paper discusses data sanitization, which is the alteration of large datasets in a controlled manner to obfuscate sensitive information, preserving data integrity, relationships, and data equivalence classes. This paper also provides techniques for load pattern characterization via the application of Markov Chains to custom and generic logs, as well as general guidelines for the development of cache-based load simulation tools tailored for the performance evaluation of stateful systems.
Identification of the functional region on the superantigen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis‐derived mitogen responsible for induction of lymphocyte proliferation by using synthetic peptides (1996)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM) is the unique Gram-negative bacillary superantigen known. In order to identify the regions on the YPM molecule involved in its superantigenic activity, seven overlapping peptides of the entire YPM molecule were synthesized and tested to evaluate their effects on the YPM-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A peptide corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid sequence (1-23) was found to inhibit YPM-induced lymphocyte proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The N-terminal peptide was found to show no inhibition of the proliferation induced by the other superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) or the other T-cell mitogen pertussis toxin, indicating that the inhibition is specific to YPM-induced proliferation. Thus, we have identified the N-terminal region (1-23) of the YPM as one of the functional regions responsible for its superantigenic activity.
Liquid lithium divertor characteristics and plasma–material interactions in NSTX high-performance plasmas (2013)

Liquid metal plasma-facing components (PFCs) have been proposed as a means of solving several problems facing the creation of economically viable fusion power reactors. To date, few demonstrations exist of this approach in a diverted tokamak and we here provide an overview of such work on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) was installed and operated for the 2010 run campaign using evaporated coatings as the filling method. The LLD consisted of a copper-backed structure with a porous molybdenum front face. Nominal Li filling levels by the end of the run campaign exceeded the porosity void fraction by 150%. Despite a nominal liquid level exceeding the capillary structure and peak current densities into the PFCs exceeding 100 kA m−2, no macroscopic ejection events were observed. In addition, no substrate line emission was observed after achieving lithium-melt temperatures indicating the lithium wicks and provides a protective coating on the molybdenum porous layer. Impurity emission from the divertor suggests that the plasma is interacting with oxygen-contaminated lithium whether diverted on the LLD or not. A database of LLD discharges is analysed to consider whether there is a net effect on the discharges over the range of total deposited lithium in the machine. Examination of H-97L indicates that performance was constant throughout the run, consistent with the hypothesis that it is the quality of the surface layers of the lithium that impact performance. The accumulation of impurities suggests a fully flowing liquid lithium system to obtain a steady-state PFC on timescales relevant to NSTX.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfones with Tetrapropylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of novel transcription factors regulating secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis (2013)

The presence of lignin in secondary cell walls (SCW) is a major factor preventing hydrolytic enzymes from gaining access to cellulose, thereby limiting the saccharification potential of plant biomass. To understand how lignification is regulated is a prerequisite for selecting plant biomass better adapted to bioethanol production. Because transcriptional regulation is a major mechanism controlling the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, our aim was to identify novel transcription factors (TFs) dictating lignin profiles in the model plant Arabidopsis. To this end, we have developed a post-genomic approach by combining four independent in-house SCW-related transcriptome datasets obtained from (1) the fiber cell wall-deficient wat1 Arabidopsis mutant, (2) Arabidopsis lines over-expressing either the master regulatory activator EgMYB2 or (3) the repressor EgMYB1 and finally (4) Arabidopsis orthologs of Eucalyptus xylem-expressed genes. This allowed us to identify 502 up- or down-regulated TFs. We preferentially selected those present in more than one dataset and further analyzed their in silico expression patterns as an additional selection criteria. This selection process led to 80 candidates. Notably, 16 of them were already proven to regulate SCW formation, thereby validating the overall strategy. Then, we phenotyped 43 corresponding mutant lines focusing on histological observations of xylem and interfascicular fibers. This phenotypic screen revealed six mutant lines exhibiting altered lignification patterns. Two of them [Bel-like HomeoBox6 (blh6) and a zinc finger TF] presented hypolignified SCW. Three others (myb52, myb-like TF, hb5) showed hyperlignified SCW whereas the last one (hb15) showed ectopic lignification. In addition, our meta-analyses highlighted a reservoir of new potential regulators adding to the gene network regulating SCW but also opening new avenues to ultimately improve SCW composition for biofuel production.
Cost semantics for space usage in a parallel language (2007)

We describe a framework for better understanding scheduling policies for fine-grained parallel computations and their effect on space usage. We define a profiling semantics that can be used to determine the asymptotic space taken by any schedule. A nondeterministic parallel transition semantics is used to describe all possible parallel executions. Refinements of that semantics can be used to model the behavior of particular schedulers. We use the framework to show that different schedules can lead to asymptotic differences in space usage.
Anagrelide for thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders (2004)

Anagrelide was an effective and well tolerated treatment modality for reducing platelet counts in both newly diagnosed and pretreated patients with thrombocytosis due to myeloproliferative disorders.
High-speed power system stability simulation using analog computation (2009)

This paper presents a microelectronic emulation approach for high-speed power system computation. First, the problems of existing power system simulators are detailed. This shows that microelectronic emulation is a possible solution for solving the speed problems of existing simulators. Second, this paper presents one specific emulation approach, the so-called AC emulation approach. The ultimate objective of the AC emulation approach is the realization of a power system emulator which reproduces simultaneously a large number of phenomena of different time constants or frequencies with a much higher speed than real time. Frequency dependence of the elements is preserved and the signals propagating in the emulated network are the shrunk or downscaled current and voltage waves of the real power network. The models of the power network components are detailed. Special attention is paid to the generator model which was shown to introduce a systematic error. This systematic error is quantified, analyzed and optimized. Moreover behavioral simulation results confirm the feasibility of this approach which in turn lays the foundation for such an emulator.
Comparison of blood cells of some heterotherm vertebrate species (2008)

To study the morphology and physiology of blood cells from five species of heterotherm vertebrates(carp Cyprinus carpio,crucian Carassius auratus,catfish Silurus asotus,toad Bufo bufo gar-garizans and Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis),three kinds of living cells(thrombocytes,small lymphocytes,erythrocytes)were obtained from the experimental animals.Plasma samples were partly anticoagulated with trisodium citrate,potassium oxalate and magnesium sulphate(MgSO_4)at 23℃ in vitro,and observed in the light microscope and scanning electron microscope.Results showed that:1)small lymphocytes were typically spherical and normally dispersed in oxalate-plasma from all of the experiment animals and in citrated-plasma from carp and crucian.However,they were aggregated in MgSO_4-plasma from all of the experiment animals and in citrated-plasma from catfish,toad and Chinese soft-shelled turtle.2)thrombocytes were dispersive and spindle or elliptical in shape in oxalate-plasma from the five species of experimental animals;in citrated-plasma from carp,crucian and catfish;in MgSO_4-plasma from carp,crucian,catfish and Chinese soft-shelled turtle.However,they were aggregated in citrated-plasma from toad and Chinese soft-shelled turtle,and in the MgSO_4-plasma from toad.3)erythrocytes were typically normal,and not haemolytic in citrated-plasma and in MgSO_4-plasma from five species of experimental animals,but they were completely haemolytic in oxalate-plasma from experimental animals except for toads.Rouleaux formation of erythrocytes,such as occurs in mammalian plasma,was not observed in the experimental animals.We conclude that:1)the same of small lymphocytes or the thrombocytes in heterotherm vertebrate plasma possess the ability to aggregate together in vitro,the process of the aggregation may relate to plasma Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentration;2)the process of erythrocyte sedimentation caused by their specific gravity in plasma of these experimental animals,is different from that caused by rouleaux formation of erythrocytes in mammalian plasma.
Thermodynamic Testing of Equations of State of Dense Simple Liquids (1995)

Abstract The isobaric thermal expansivities (α p ) of n‐hexane and of methane measured over large pressure and temperature ranges have been proposed as a thermodynamic property test for theoretical and semi‐empirical equations of state for simple liquids at high densities. The correlation equations for α p (p, T) and the coordinates of the crossing point of isotherms of α p are given for both substances. A number of selected equations of state with various modifications of the attractive and repulsive contribution to the pressure have been tested with respect to their ability to reproduce the proposed test property. The analysis has revealed that at high densities the equations of state with modified repulsive term reproduce the test property better than the equations with modified attractive term. A reproduction of the most characteristic feature of the test property, the crossing of isotherms of α p can be only obtained with equations in which the repulsion term is made softer than the simple rigid‐sphere term R T/(V m – b ). The best reproduction of the test property was obtained with the soft‐sphere equation constructed on 8–4 Lennard‐Jones intermolecular pair potential. The anisotropy in molecular shape of n‐hexane and methane has only a little influence on the results of testing.
Secure Containers in Android: the Samsung KNOX Case Study (2016)

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is a growing trend among enterprises, aiming to improve workers' mobility and productivity via their smartphones. The threats and dangers posed by the smartphones to the enterprise are also ever-growing. Such dangers can be mitigated by running the enterprise software inside a "secure container" on the smartphone. In our work we present a systematic assessment of security critical areas in design and implementation of a secure container for Android using reverse engineering and attacker-inspired methods. We do this through a case-study of Samsung KNOX, a real-world product deployed on millions of devices. Our research shows how KNOX security features work behind the scenes and lets us compare the vendor's public security claims against reality. Along the way we identified several design weaknesses and a few vulnerabilities that were disclosed to Samsung.