gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticalcification effects of decellularization, solvent, and detoxification treatment for genipin and glutaraldehyde fixation of bovine pericardium (2011)

Genipin fixation is a novel alternative to conventional GA fixation in vitro material assessment and in vivo anticalcification effect. The addition of decellularization, organic solvent treatment, and detoxification prevented calcification of GA/genipin-fixed bovine pericardium in the rabbit intramuscular implantation model, irrespective of the type of organic solvent and amino acids.
Right submammary minithoractomy for repair of congenital heart defects (2000)

(1) This approach for repair of selected congenital cardiac malformations is technically feasible, safe and effective; (2) younger age is a facilitating factor; (3) hospital stays are effectively reduced.
Examination of VRLA battery cells sampled from the Metlakatla battery energy storage system (2002)

One of the principal concerns when a battery energy storage system (BESS) is being considered for utility applications is the ability of the battery to provide the anticipated lifetime on which the project was justified. The reason for this is that the battery is a significant cost element in the overall system; and, in the past, the batteries deployed have not been fully able to demonstrate their projected lifetime in these applications. Even though most of the past demonstrations have utilized flooded lead-acid technology which was considered to be matured, unexpected failure modes were often cited for the reduced lifetime of the battery. Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries are becoming more widely utilized and are displacing flooded lead-acid technology in applications ranging from typical standby usage such as emergency lighting, telecommunications backup and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to more cyclic usage in photovoltaics and other renewable energy systems and even in electric vehicles. Hence, there is a high probability that future BESS projects will utilize VRLA technology. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the surveillance studies conducted by GNB and Sandia National Laboratories on VRLA cells in a BESS installation to assess their progress, after almost three years of operation, in meeting their projected lifetime.
Microscopic and biochemical analysis of the viability and permeability of guinea pig amnion and chorion laeve in vitro (1996)

Tissue viability and permeability of guinea pig amnion and chorion laeve were analyzed microscopically and biochemically. The vital dyes T1111 and fluorescein diacetate were used to locate and determine the integrity of cell plasma membranes in early and late tissue in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Early amnion and chorion laeve were each found to contain a single epithelial cell layer, composed of membrane-intact cells. In contrast, plasma membrane lesions were present throughout the epithelium of late amnion. Late chorion laeve contained both regions of intact and damaged epithelial cells on its maternal side. There was also a layer of membrane-intact squamous cells on the fetal side of late chorion laeve. ATP measurements confirmed that early fetal membranes were viable after incubation in isotonic salt solutions at physiological pH. Late amnion was depleted of ATP stores while late chorion laeve retained its capacity for generating energy. These viability markers indicate that late guinea pig amnion is not a viable tissue in vitro, while late chorion laeve is a viable but probably degenerating tissue. Confocal X–Z scans were used to trace the movement of T1111 through the tissue as an indication of permeability to free solutes. Whereas dye will permeate across the main thickness of early amnion and chorion laeve, it did not pass between cells, but was blocked, presumably by a line of tight junctions. Late amnion was characterized by the complete permeability to T1111. Late chorion laeve contained regions where solute migration was blocked, but overall was a permeable tissue. These results provide an important context for the interpretation of molecular movement across fetal membranes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Covalent Modification of Glassy Carbon Surfaces by Electrochemical Grafting of Aryl Iodides (2017)

The reduction of an aryl iodide is generally believed to involve a clean-cut two-electron reduction to produce an aryl anion and iodide. This is in contradiction to what is observed if a highly efficient grafting agent, such as an aryldiazonium salt, is employed. The difference in behavior is explained by the much more extreme potentials required for reducing an aryl iodide, which facilitates the further reduction of the aryl radical formed as an intermediate. However, in this study we disclose that electrografting of aryl iodides is indeed possible upon extended voltammetric cycling. This implies that even if the number of aryl radicals left unreduced at the electrode surface is exceedingly small, a functionalization of the surface may still be promoted. In fact, the grafting efficiency is found to increase during the grafting process, which may be explained by the inhibiting effect the growing film exerts on the competing reduction of the aryl radical. The slow buildup of the organic film results in a well-ordered structure as shown by the well-defined electrochemical response from a grafted film containing ferrocenylmethyl groups. Hence, the reduction of aryl iodides allows a precisely controlled, albeit slow, growth of thin organic films.
Hydrolysis of Triclosan Monophosphate by Dental Plaque and Selected Species of Oral Micro-organisms (1996)

Triclosan monophosphate is a phosphorylated derivative of the antimicrobial agent, triclosan. In comparison with triclosan, it is highly soluble in aqueous solutions. It is hypothesized that, within the oral environment, triclosan monophosphate (which may be devoid of antimicrobial activity) will be hydrolyzed into triclosan by the action of microbial phosphatases. The liberated triclosan may then exert antimicrobial activity. To test this hypothesis, we designed experiments to measure the phosphatase activity of plaque and selected species of oral micro-organisms and to demonstrate hydrolysis of triclosan monophosphate. Tests comparing the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of triclosan and triclosan monophosphate were also undertaken. Dental plaque and the majority of the bacterial strains tested showed phosphatase activity against p-nitrophenyl phosphate which peaked below neutral pH (acid phosphatases) or above neutral pH (alkaline phosphatases). Dental plaque showed the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase (optimum at pH 9.0) and relatively high levels of acid phosphatase (optimum at pH 6.0 to 6.5). Dental plaque and selected species of micro-organisms were all capable of hydrolyzing triclosan monophosphate, albeit at different rates. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values for triclosan monophosphate against eight bacterial strains were always considerably higher than the corresponding values for triclosan. Addition of triclosan monophosphate to an established culture (ca. 10(9) cfu/mL) of Capnocytophaga gingivalis growing continuously showed that triclosan monophosphate was rapidly hydrolyzed into triclosan with concomitant loss of total bacterial viability. It is therefore likely that triclosan monophosphate will be broken down into triclosan within the oral environment with concomitant antimicrobial activity.
Deep Drawing of One-Sided, Stiffness Increasing Sheet Metal Composites (2016)

Hybrid sheet metal composites do show advantages compared to monolithic materials when strength, stiffness, and damping characteristics are set to a global optimum. Even though the mechanical properties of hybrid sheet metal composites have been improved in recent years, the application of such hybrid materials in the automotive industry is not well-established due to insufficient knowledge about their forming characteristics (e.g. in deep drawing process). Stiffness increasing composites consist of two metal sheets and a viscoelastic damping layer in-between: the outer sheet reveals stamped beads which increases stiffness of composite while the inner sheet serves as cover sheet. This paper deals with challenges of formability of stiffness increasing composites in industrial deep-drawing processes. The main concern is dimensional stability and accuracy of those layered materials after finishing the forming process. In order to ensure accuracy of formed parts, a methodology was developed for increased quality of sheet metal composites. Depending on the drawing limit ratios and blankholder forces, which evaluate the drawability of component in general, the drawing limit ratio is influenced for profound or insufficient residual bead heights and widths. Besides insufficient bead height, which causes a reduction in moment of inertia, inner marks on the visible outer sheet hamper a broad application in practical use. Finally, paper provides detailed recipies for manufacturing and tool layout for deep drawing objectives of such composite material.
DEPTH ESTIMATION USING MULTIWAVELET ANALYSIS BASED STEREO VISION APPROACH (2008)

The problem of dimensional defects in aluminum die-casting is widespread throughout the foundry industry and their detection is of paramount importance in maintaining product quality. Due to the unpredictable factory environment and metallic, with highly reflective, nature of aluminum die-castings, it is extremely hard to estimate true dimensionality of the die-casting, autonomously. In this work, we propose a novel robust 3D reconstruction algorithm capable of reconstructing dimensionally accurate 3D depth models of the aluminum die-castings. The developed system is very simple and cost effective as it consists of only a stereo camera pair and a simple fluorescent light. The developed system is capable of estimating surface depths within the tolerance of 1.5 mm. Moreover, the system is invariant to illuminative variations and orientation of the objects in the input image space, which makes the developed system highly robust. Due to its hardware simplicity and robustness, it can be implemented in different factory environments without a significant change in the setup.
Kir3-Based Inward Rectifier Potassium Current (2006)

AT remodeling increases IKH, and a highly selective Kir3 current antagonist, tertiapin-Q, increases APD and suppresses atrial tachyarrhythmias in AT-remodeled preparations without affecting ventricular electrophysiology. Constitutive acetylcholine-related K+ current contributes to AT-remodeling effects in dogs and is a potentially interesting antiarrhythmic target.
A Convenient Method for Olefination of vic-Diols by Lithium Iodide via Cyclic Sulfates (1997)

Reaction of cyclic sulfates of vic-diols with lithium iodide in acetone produced the corresponding olefins in excellent isolated yields at low temperature. Cyclic sulfates of trans-diols gave trans-alkenes exclusively. Cyclic sulfates of cis-diols gave a mixture of cis- and trans-alkenes. The reaction offers mild conditions and easy work-up procedures.
Does H.265 based peri and para-foveal quality flicker disrupt natural viewing patterns? (2015)

Region of interest based coders and also those coders that extensively use the Intra coding mode tend to produce flickering artefacts due to the inherent quality fluctuations they produce in the non-salient or homogeneously textured intra coded regions of a scene respectively. These non-salient areas are in turn incident on the para, peri and extra-peri foveal retinal regions that are especially sensitive to temporal artefacts. To study the perceptual effects of such a quality based flicker in the retinal periphery, in this experiment gaze data was collected from 48 observers in a free viewing scenario using a regulated flicker stimulus. The video stimulus in the mentioned peripheral regions were flickered with a predetermined frequency and amplitude by adaptively combining the streams produced using a H.265 video coder, and presenting them in a Gaze Contingent Display(GCD) setup. Utilizing statistical gaze analysis techniques, we observe that, temporal quality flicker in the visual periphery plays a major role in disturbing the natural viewing patterns of an observer. Further, this effect was found to be maximum in the 7.5Hz temporal band thus showing that, encoders that affect temporal quality smoothness must aim to avoid such distraction effects.
On-off Regulation of 3' Exonuclease Excision to DNA Polymerization by Exo+ Polymerase (2003)

The role of 3' exonuclease excision in DNA polymerization was evaluated in primer extensions using 3' allele-specific primers that had exonuclease-digestible and exonuclease-resistant 3' termini. With exonuclease-digestible unmodified 3' mismatched primers, the exo+ polymerase yielded template-dependent products. Using exonuclease-resistant 3' mismatched primers, no primer-extended product resulted from exo+ polymerase. As a control, polymerase without proofreading activity yielded primer-dependent products from 3' mismatched primers. These data indicated that a successful removal of the mismatch is required for DNA polymerization from the 3' mismatched primers by exo+ polymerase. In addition to the well-known proofreading from this mismatch removal, the premature termination in DNA polymerization, due to the failure of the efficient removal of the mismatched nucleotides, worked as an off-switch in maintaining the high fidelity in DNA replication from exo+ polymerase.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Strongly Depleted in Human Cancers but Its Levels Do Not Correlate with IDH1 Mutations (2011)

The base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was recently identified as an oxidation product of 5-methylcytosine in mammalian DNA. Here, using sensitive and quantitative methods to assess levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5hmdC) and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) in genomic DNA, we investigated whether levels of 5hmC can distinguish normal tissue from tumor tissue. In squamous cell lung cancers, levels of 5hmdC were depleted substantially with up to 5-fold reduction compared with normal lung tissue. In brain tumors, 5hmdC showed an even more drastic reduction with levels up to more than 30-fold lower than in normal brain, but 5hmdC levels were independent of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase-1. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis indicated that 5hmC is remarkably depleted in many types of human cancer. Importantly, an inverse relationship between 5hmC levels and cell proliferation was observed with lack of 5hmC in proliferating cells. The data therefore suggest that 5hmdC is strongly depleted in human malignant tumors, a finding that adds another layer of complexity to the aberrant epigenome found in cancer tissue. In addition, a lack of 5hmC may become a useful biomarker for cancer diagnosis.
X-Ray Analysis of a Thrombin Inhibitor-Trypsin Complex1 (1989)

The three-dimensional structure of a thrombin inhibitor-trypsin complex has been determined by an X-ray analysis at 2.5 A resolution. The result has given experimental support to the mechanisms previously proposed by the authors for the selective inhibition of trypsin, thrombin, factor Xa, and plasmin by inhibitors with an arginine or lysine backbone. The differences in the amino acid sequences at the positions corresponding to Ilc63, Leu99, and Ser190 of trypsin give each enzyme different binding affinities toward inhibitors and result in the selective inhibition. Furthermore, the X-ray analysis has revealed a novel type of interaction between the inhibitor and trypsin. The hydrogen bonds between the inhibitor main chain and trypsin Gly216 play an essential role in the complex formation.
Spatially-Adaptive Reconstruction in Computed Tomography Based on\n Statistical Learning (2010)

We propose a direct reconstruction algorithm for Computed Tomography, based\non a local fusion of a few preliminary image estimates by means of a non-linear\nfusion rule. One such rule is based on a signal denoising technique which is\nspatially adaptive to the unknown local smoothness. Another, more powerful\nfusion rule, is based on a neural network trained off-line with a high-quality\ntraining set of images. Two types of linear reconstruction algorithms for the\npreliminary images are employed for two different reconstruction tasks. For an\nentire image reconstruction from full projection data, the proposed scheme uses\na sequence of Filtered Back-Projection algorithms with a gradually growing\ncut-off frequency. To recover a Region Of Interest only from local projections,\nstatistically-trained linear reconstruction algorithms are employed. Numerical\nexperiments display the improvement in reconstruction quality when compared to\nlinear reconstruction algorithms.\n
Pairwise Balanced Designs with Block Sizes Three and Four (1991)

Abstract Given integers ν, a and b, when does a pairwise balanced design on ν elements with a triples and b quadruples exist? Necessary conditions are developed, and shown to be sufficient for all v ≥ 96. An extensive set of constructions for pairwise balanced designs is used to obtain the result.
Machine Recognition as Representation and Search (1989)

This paper describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the Laboratory&amp;apos;s artificial intelligence research is provided in part by the the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-89-J-3202
Better Mini-Batch Algorithms via Accelerated Gradient Methods (2011)

Mini-batch algorithms have been proposed as a way to speed-up stochastic convex optimization problems. We study how such algorithms can be improved using accelerated gradient methods. We provide a novel analysis, which shows how standard gradient methods may sometimes be insufficient to obtain a significant speed-up and propose a novel accelerated gradient algorithm, which deals with this deficiency, enjoys a uniformly superior guarantee and works well in practice.
Survival After Alcohol Septal Ablation for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2012)

In this nonrandomized study of carefully selected patients undergoing septal ablation by experienced operators in a tertiary referral HCM center, long-term survival was favorable and similar to that of an age- and sex-matched general population, and to patients undergoing surgical myectomy, as well, without an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from p53 Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of MYCN in Neuroblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from p53 Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of MYCN in Neuroblastoma
Model-Driven Development of Mobile Personal Health Care Applications (2008)

Personal health care applications on mobile devices allow patients to enhance their health via reminders, monitoring and feedback to health care providers. Engineering such applications is challenging with a need for health care plan meta-models, per-patient instantiation of care plans, and development and deployment of supporting Web and mobile device applications. We describe a novel prototype environment for visually modelling health care plans and automated plan and mobile device application code generation.
Limits for short-pulse laser processing of high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells on thin wafers (2012)

We show that laser processing on one side of a silicon wafer can lead to a significant damaging of the opposite side, dependent on the wafer thickness and the topography of the surface that is opposed to the laser-processed side. We find that laser pulse energies in the range of the ablation threshold of dielectric layers can result in a degradation of the front side of wafers thinner than 120 µm. Increasing the laser pulse energy density beyond values that we typically use for dielectric layer ablation results for thin wafers in optically visible removal of the front side passivation.
Organ preservation: Experience with University of Wisconsin solution and plans for the future (1990)

Transplantation of organs continues to be a primary therapeutic modality for treatment of end-stage organ disease, and 1-year graft survival rates show increasing improvements for most organs. A number of transplant centers show 1-yr graft survival rates approaching 90% or more for the kidney, liver and pancreas. Rejection continues to be the major cause for loss of organs and there is still a major shortage of organs for transplantation. Additionally, many organs showed delayed graft function (or primary nonfunction) which may be related to either donor factors or preservation factors. The University of Wisconsin solution for organ preservation has increased the safe time of preservation for the liver, kidney, and pancreas and helped to increase the quality and number of organs available for transplantation. However, the long-range goal of organ preservation (unlimited preservation) is still far from being reached. In the past, preservation could accurately be categorized as an art and preservation solutions were developed based upon theoretical rationales about the mechanisms of organ injury at hypothermia and what agents would suppress injury. The utility and success of this approach is exemplified by the developments of Collins solution and the UW solution. However, further developments in methods to increase the quality and duration of preservation of all transplantable organs would appear to be dependent upon defining, systematically, how organs are injured and what can be done to suppress the injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Planar Dual Linear-Polarized Antenna With Integrated Balun (2010)

This letter presents a miniature <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> -band (770-1700 MHz) crossed bowtie antenna with integrated microstrip matching network and balun. Curved bowtie edges are employed for miniaturization and maintain nearly constant input impedance. The antenna provides dual linear polarization with greater than 5 dBi gain and exhibits a return loss greater than 10 dB when placed 1.5 in (λ/10 at 770 MHz) above a ground plane.
Two-Step Excitation Transient Lens (2016)

This paper presents quantities, terminology, and symbols of terms related to photothermal phenomena and used in photothermal and related spectroscopies. The terms used in the literature to describe photothermal phenomena and methods are reviewed, and a glossary of terms is given. The origins of photothermal phenomena, as well as the relations among various photothermal effects, are summarized. The listed terms cover the terminology in transient grating, transient lens, photoacoustic spectroscopy, photothermal radiometry, calorimetry, interferometry, deflection, reflection, and other related spectroscopies, which use or are related to photothermal effects.