gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling Heterogeneous Precipitation in 7xxx Aluminium Alloys during Complex Processing (2006)

A numerical model based on the Kampmann and Wagner method was developed to predict the evolution of precipitate distribution in 7xxx aluminium alloy during non-isothermal heat treatments. The model considers the nucleation, growth and coarsening/dissolution of the metastable and equilibrium precipitate phases, η' and η with their stochiometric composition, MgZn2. Constitutive model equations for nucleation were based on the classical theory of nucleation whilst growth and coarsening were treated using classical phase transformation theory. The transition between η' and η, where η' acts as a precursor for η was also accounted for in the model. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to calibrate the homogeneous precipitation kinetics. The model also predicts the evolution of grain boundary precipitates and their effect on precipitate free zone size. Jominy end quench tests were performed to calibrate grain boundary precipitation kinetics. Precipitation on dislocations and dispersoids was considered. The dislocation and dispersoid densities were varied to represent different regions of a grain and therefore account for the spatial distribution of preferential heterogeneous precipitation sites. Comparison between the model prediction and experimental characterisation of the microstructure evolution of a friction stir welded 7449 aluminium alloy was found to be reasonably consistent.
Indoor Navigation of Emergency Agents (2007)

Existing indoor navigation solutions usually rely on pre-installed sensor networks, whereas emergency agents are interested in fully auto-deployable sys-tems. In this paper, an almost self-deployable solution based on Radio-frequency identification tags and in-ertial Micro Electro Mechanical Sensors is presented. The benefits of the solution are evaluated and com-pared with the pure inertial positioning system.
CS-11 * AN RNAi KINOME SCREEN OF GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS UNDER NORMOXIA AND HYPOXIA (2014)

Glioblastoma stem like cells are known to have phenotypes and gene expression patterns distinct from traditional glioma cell lines grown in serum. They also may have increased resistance to drugs and radiation and are likely to be responsible for tumor recurrence following therapy. As a result, it is important to identify therapeutic targets for these cells. To do this, we have conducted RNAi screens in glioblastoma stem cells against the human kinome since kinases are druggable targets and many kinase inhibitors are known. In addition, glioblastomas often have significant regions of hypoxia and glioblastoma stem cells tend to be resistant to hypoxia. We have therefore conducted shRNA screens in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We have screened 2 independent cell lines to date and are working on others. Defining a hit as a gene that has at least 2 independent shRNAs that give at least 50% growth inhibition as compared to controls, we found that 79 and 84 of (501 kinase genes) are hits under either normoxia or hypoxia for the GS6-22 and GS7-2 stem-like cell lines, respectively. We found that 56 and 63 kinases were hits under both conditions. 15 and 16 genes gave preferential inhibition under normoxia and 8 and 4 genes preferentially inhibited under hypoxia. 31 kinases were inhibitory in both cell lines. Thus, there is considerable variation between cell lines. Several of the identified hits are well known to have a role in glioblastoma such as EGFR and CDK4, and were inhibitory in both cell lines. About a third of the hits have previously been implicated in glioblastoma. One of the hits we have independently validated is the SMG1 kinase is preferentially inhibitory in hypoxia in only one of the cell lines. Together, these data give support to the idea of developing personalized therapies for glioblastoma.
Architectures and Performance of High-Voltage, Microscale Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks (2007)

In this study, we describe multi-cell SC-SOFC architectures with multiple different electrode/electrolyte systems. These SC-SOFCs are fabricated using thin-film techniques and patterned via photolithography. Micro SC-SOFCs with feature dimensions ranging from 5μm to 200μm are successfully constructed and repeatable. An OCV of approximately 380mV at 400{degree sign}C was found when using methane and air gases. OCV values were found to decrease with increasing temperature and a sign change in voltage was observed around 575{degree sign}C. Future studies will include the results from changing the sizes and spacing between electrodes to create a mechanistic study for SC-SOFCs to understand the rate limiting reactions and electrode selectivity. Additionally various SC-SOFC 'stacked' configurations of up to ten cells will be created. SC-SOFC variables will include changes in length, thickness, area and electrode/electrolyte material to observe the fuel cell stack performance as a result of the altered parameter.
Cancer stem cells: small subpopulation or evolving fraction? (2014)

Central to the debate about cancer stem cells in solid tumors is the proportion of cells that can initiate, propagate, and re-initiate tumors. An initially assumed minor subpopulation is confronted with recent data suggesting as many as 30% of primary tumor cells have stem cell characteristics. This review discusses quantitative modeling studies that augment our understanding of stem and non-stem cancer cell interactions during tumor progression and the resulting fraction of cancer stem cells. A discussion of how these findings can be carefully evaluated in novel, integrated interdisciplinary studies is offered.
Eina interactiva per a l'autoaprenentatge del formigó estructural (2008)

L’objectiu principal de l’assignatura Estructures de Formigo, que s’imparteix a quart curs d‘Enginyeria de Camins, Canals i Ports, es que l’estudiant sigui capac de dissenyar les estructures de formigo, amb el seu ampli ventall de condicions funcionals i ambientals, de forma competent. Per aquesta rao cal que l’estudiant pugui veure l’aplicacio dels coneixements de Formigo Estructural en els diferents ambits on es troben estructures d’aquest material, a traves d’exercicis que permetin aplicar els conceptes generals, podriem dir mes teorics, a multiples casos concrets i, si es possible, extrets de la practica professional. Amb la intencio de donar a l’estudiant eines que li permetin aprendre l’aplicacio real dels coneixements a casos diversos, s’ha desenvolupat una eina d’autoaprenentatge interactiva del formigo estructural, utilitzant les tecnologies de la informacio (TIC). Com a resultat de les enquestes fetes entre els estudiants, es va detectar la necessitat de produir tambe una versio en paper de l’eina.
Clinical Value of Thymidine Kinase in Patients with Cervical Carcinoma (2001)

TK may play an important role in influencing the malignant behavior of cervical carcinoma, and measurement of the serum TK level may be useful in predicting survival in patients with cervical carcinoma.
The Valuation of Credit Default Swap Options (2003)

One of the major financial market developments of the last few years has been extending derivatives technology to the realm of credit risk, with the “plain vanilla” product being the credit default swap (CDS). And as with earlier derivative innovations, more exotic flavors are rapidly being created. In this article, Hull and White present the basic valuation theory for forwards and options on credit default swaps. The two key aspects of risk in a CDS are the probability of a default and the recovery rate given a default. Interestingly, in calibrating the CDS forward and option models to market CDS spreads, the trade-off between the two risk elements makes model valuations quite insensitive to the specific assumption about recovery.
Down-regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors by Nerve Growth Factor in PC12 Cells Is p140 -, Ras-, and Src-dependent (1997)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment causes a profound down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors during the differentiation of PC12 cells. This process is characterized by a progressive decrease in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor level measured by 125I-EGF binding, tyrosine phosphorylation, and Western blotting. Treatment of the cells with NGF for 5 days produces a 95% reduction in the amount of [35S]methionine-labeled EGF receptors. This down-regulation does not occur in PC12nnr5 cells, which lack the p140(trk) NGF receptor. However, in PC12nnr5 cells stably transfected with p140(trk), the NGF-induced heterologous down-regulation of EGF receptors is reconstituted in part. NGF-induced heterologous down-regulation, but not EGF-induced homologous down-regulation of EGF receptors, is blocked in Ras- and Src-dominant-negative PC12 cells. Treatment with either pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) or staurosporine stimulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cell variants, but neither induces down-regulation of EGF receptors. NGF treatment of PC12 cells in suspension induces down-regulation of EGF receptors in the absence of neurite outgrowth. These results strongly suggest a p140(trk)-, Ras- and Src-dependent mechanism of NGF-induced down-regulation of EGF receptors and separate this process from NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
Supplementary Table 6 from Transcriptional Pathway Signatures Predict MEK Addiction and Response to Selumetinib (AZD6244) (2023)

Supplementary Table 6 from Transcriptional Pathway Signatures Predict MEK Addiction and Response to Selumetinib (AZD6244)
Gravel Packing Wells Drilled With Oil-Based Fluids: A Critical Review of Current Practices and Recommendations for Future Applications (2004)

Abstract Many of the recently discovered reservoirs in deep-water/subsea environments are prime candidates for horizontal open-hole gravel packs. Presence of multiple reactive shale breaks and penetration of different sand bodies along these holes introduce a formidable challenge for selection of proper carrier fluids, considering that most of these wells require oil-based (OB) drilling fluids. Various procedures were practiced for gravel-packing wells drilled with OB fluids, most utilizing water-based (WB) carrier fluids. Primary concern in using WB carrier fluids is the destabilization of the shales. If the displacements to WB fluids are performed prior to running in hole with the sandface completion assembly, inability to run the screen assembly to target zone is the risk. Consequently, operators were forced to use a two-step process, whereby a predrilled liner is run in hole in OB fluid environment, followed by displacements to WB fluids and gravel-packing with WB fluids. This approach introduces additional rig time and increases completion costs. If the displacements to WB fluids are performed after running in hole with completion assembly, primary challenge is the prevention of screen plugging. This necessitates a comparison of the benefits and risks of displacements to solids-free oil-based fluids and conditioning of the OB drilling fluid, considering logistics. An additional consideration in gravel packing with WB fluids in reactive-shale environments is the risk of intermixing of gravel with shales, thus reduced gravel-pack permeability. Various approaches may be taken to minimize this risk. The type of carrier fluid must also be kept in mind from a formation and gravel pack damage standpoints, should losses be experienced during gravel packing. Another approach in reactive shale environments is to use an oil-based carrier fluid and avoid exposure of the open hole to WB fluids both prior to and during gravel packing. This approach, practiced in two applications, also has its limitations. In this paper, a critical review of gravel-packing practices in oil-based drilling environments is provided, along with some of the recent developments and recommendations for future applications based on lessons learned from earlier practices.
Suppressing Interfacial Dipoles to Minimize Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss in Quantum Dot Photovoltaics (2019)

Abstract Quantum‐dot (QD) photovoltaics (PVs) offer promise as energy‐conversion devices; however, their open‐circuit‐voltage ( V OC ) deficit is excessively large. Previous work has identified factors related to the QD active layer that contribute to V OC loss, including sub‐bandgap trap states and polydispersity in QD films. This work focuses instead on layer interfaces, and reveals a critical source of V OC loss: electron leakage at the QD/hole‐transport layer (HTL) interface. Although large‐bandgap organic materials in HTL are potentially suited to minimizing leakage current, dipoles that form at an organic/metal interface impede control over optimal band alignments. To overcome the challenge, a bilayer HTL configuration, which consists of semiconducting alpha‐sexithiophene (α‐6T) and metallic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is introduced. The introduction of the PEDOT:PSS layer between α‐6T and Au electrode suppresses the formation of undesired interfacial dipoles and a Schottky barrier for holes, and the bilayer HTL provides a high electron barrier of 1.35 eV. Using bilayer HTLs enhances the V OC by 74 mV without compromising the J SC compared to conventional MoO 3 control devices, leading to a best power conversion efficiency of 9.2% (&gt;40% improvement relative to relevant controls). Wider applicability of the bilayer strategy is demonstrated by a similar structure based on shallow lowest‐unoccupied‐molecular‐orbital (LUMO) levels.
Spectrum Management: The Key Lever for Achieving Universality (2015)

This study examines the experiences of spectrum management in four countries with a high percentage of wireless broadband penetration (Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States). What actions have they undertaken to achieve an efficient management of spectrum? How have they have shifted toward more modern management approaches? These answers can be used as a benchmark for good regulatory governance. Governance is a key issue in decisions related to spectrum management in the LAC region. Sound policy and regulatory frameworks should be able to address issues such as the allocation of the digital dividend bands, the refarming of frequencies, the availability of unlicensed spectrum, and the adoption of new technologies. These decisions will ultimately have an impact on the quality and cost of future broadband services. The occasion for this publication is opportune, and the knowledge gained from it will ultimately contribute to a proactive agenda by the decision makers in the region.
Equivalent Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Model and Fast Recovery Control of Overhead VSC-HVDC Based on SB-MMC (2016)

Self-blocking modular multilevel converter (SB-MMC) is able to block dc fault current with relatively lower number of power semiconductors and lower valve power loss compared to other dc fault tolerant MMC topologies. Operating principle, design, reliability, and redundancy analysis of SB-MMC have been studied while the equivalent modeling and application of SB-MMC at overhead VSC-HVDC have not been fully investigated. Since operating principle of SB-MMC is different from half-bridge MMC, the existing equivalent modeling method of half-bridge MMC cannot be directly applied to modeling of SB-MMC. As dc fault at overhead VSC-HVDC are typically temporary, how to securely and quickly restart a VSC-HVDC after isolating dc fault also needs detailed studies. To solve the above two challenges, an equivalent model (EM) and a fast recovery control of overhead VSC-HVDC based on SB-MMC are proposed. Accuracy of the proposed model is verified by extensive simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC. The proposed fast recovery control further exploits the control capability of SB-MMC and enables fast and secure recovery of overhead VSC-HVDC based on SB-MMC. The proposed model and controllers also provide guidance for the modeling and application of other MMC topologies that are able to block dc fault current.
TransgenicPm3multilines of wheat show increased powdery mildew resistance in the field (2011)

Resistance (R) genes protect plants very effectively from disease, but many of them are rapidly overcome when present in widely grown cultivars. To overcome this lack of durability, strategies that increase host resistance diversity have been proposed. Among them is the use of multilines composed of near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing different disease resistance genes. In contrast to classical R-gene introgression by recurrent backcrossing, a transgenic approach allows the development of lines with identical genetic background, differing only in a single R gene. We have used alleles of the resistance locus Pm3 in wheat, conferring race-specific resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici), to develop transgenic wheat lines overexpressing Pm3a, Pm3c, Pm3d, Pm3f or Pm3g. In field experiments, all tested transgenic lines were significantly more resistant than their respective nontransformed sister lines. The resistance level of the transgenic Pm3 lines was determined mainly by the frequency of virulence to the particular Pm3 allele in the powdery mildew population, Pm3 expression levels and most likely also allele-specific properties. We created six two-way multilines by mixing seeds of the parental line Bobwhite and transgenic Pm3a, Pm3b and Pm3d lines. The Pm3 multilines were more resistant than their components when tested in the field. This demonstrates that the difference in a single R gene is sufficient to cause host-diversity effects and that multilines of transgenic Pm3 wheat lines represent a promising strategy for an effective and sustainable use of Pm3 alleles.
X-ray diagnostics for the single shot laboratory gun (1993)

The projectile packages being fired out of the 90-mm single shot gun at the Center for Electromechanics at the University of Texas at Austin (CEM-UT) have evolved into designs consisting of rods capable of penetrating armor. Throughout the evolution of these penetrating projectiles, high-speed flash X-rays of the package in flight have proven invaluable in determining the integrity of the entire launch package. The flash X-ray system installed in the vertical gun range at CEM-UT consists of two pairs of orthogonal view X-ray heads and a single head station. One pair, located at the muzzle, of the gun is used to verify package integrity as the projectile exits the gun. The other pair is located in the target chamber at the bottom of the vertical gun range and is used to determine the projectile entry angle. The single head will be located below the target and used to determine the debris pattern associated with the penetration. The two pairs of X-rays are very useful in determining an accurate velocity of the projectile. Data from both the muzzle and target X-ray systems as well as a method for reliably triggering these systems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A texture tensor to quantify deformations (2003)

Under mechanical deformation, most materials exhibit both elastic and fluid (or plastic) responses. No existing formalism derived from microscopic principles encompasses both their fluid-like and solid-like aspects. We define the {\it statistical texture tensor} to quantify the intuitive notion of stored deformation. This tensor links microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of the material, and extends the definition of elastic strain.
Clinical Performance of a New Magnetic Bone Conduction Hearing Implant System (2015)

The test device provides good hearing performance in patients with a conductive hearing loss or single-sided sensorineural deafness, with good wearing comfort and minimal soft tissue complications.
Improved Interlayer Prediction for Scalable Video Coding (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel technique for efficient compression of enhancement layers in scalable video coding (SVC). First we propose an improved interlayer prediction scheme which exploits the inherent redundancy of the underlying Laplacian pyramid with nonbiorthogonal filters. Secondly we introduce an orthogonal transform in parallel with the current 4×4 transform to improve the coding efficiency of the enhancement layer further. The improved prediction and the transform are implemented in the SVC reference software JSVM 4.0 as additional prediction modes. Experimental results demonstrate coding gains up to 1 dB for I pictures, and up to 0.7 dB for both I and P pictures, over a current implementation.
Temperature course and distribution during plasma heating with a microwave device (2003)

In spite of the much shorter thawing times, the use of microwave devices for heating units of fresh frozen plasma is still being discussed. Concerns about general and localised overheating are the main arguments against the use of microwave devices. We evaluated the warming of fresh frozen plasma using the recently introduced Transfusio-therm 2000(R) microwave blood warmer. Units of fresh frozen plasma were weighed and the heating times were recorded. The surface temperature of the fresh frozen plasma bags during heating was recorded every 10 s. Temperature variation on the surface was examined by measuring the difference between peripheral and centrally placed temperature sensors. After heating, plasma temperature was determined using a calibrated thermometer. There were no signs of overheating during the heating process. The surface temperature of three units of fresh frozen plasma heated simultaneously (n = 45) was 34.0 degrees C (SD, 1.5 degrees C) after a mean heating time of 23.2 min (SD, 1.1 min). The mean (SD) temperature difference was -0.6 (0.5) degrees C and the mean (SD) plasma temperature was 33.6 (0.8) degrees C. Heating one fresh frozen plasma unit at a time (n = 20), the mean (SD) heating time was 6.3 (0.4) min. The surface temperature after heating was 34.3 (0.2) degrees C, the mean (SD) temperature difference was -0.6 (0.4) degrees C and the mean (SD) plasma temperature after heating 33.1 (0.6) degrees C. We conclude that no general or localised overheating of fresh frozen plasma occurs during or after heating with the microwave blood warmer.
Transient Response of the Eardrum Excited by Localized Mechanical Forces (2015)

The Tympanic Membrane (TM, eardrum) is the interface between the middle and outer ear and helps transform the variations in sound pressure in the ear canal into vibrations of the ossicles. However, the transient acoustic response of TM due to the complexity of wave interference, hinders the understanding of the motions. Therefore, to reduce this effect, local (<1 mm2 area) mechanical excitation rather than entire-surface acoustic loading is proposed. To focus on the initial stages of the evolution of motion, we have developed a high-speed digital holographic system based on local phase correlation method, enabling the acquisition of full-field displacements of the TM up to 10 μs temporal and 150 k points spatial resolution. A piezoelectric plunger equipped with a feedback load sensor excites the TM by a 50 μs click and the mechanical contact is guaranteed during the experiment by >100 μm indentation of TM surface towards the camera. The results include characterization of wave travelling speed versus input force and localized mechanical properties, such as damping ratio, modal frequencies, and time constants. We expect that the results will lead to an improved understanding of the TM’s localized material properties and modeling of the eardrum behavior.