gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Matched Filters for Optical Receivers (1987)

The problem of designing optical receivers that are robust against uncertainty in the statistics of the observation process in photodetection is investigated. In particular, a modification in the design of the postdetection matched filter is proposed to account for possible uncertainty in the rate function of the incident light, the rate of the dark current, and in the statistics of the additive noise present at the input to the optical receiver. This design is based on a game-theoretic approach in which a filter is sought that has the maximum worst case output signal-to-noise ratio possible over the class of allowable statistics; that is, the design criterion is maximin signal-to-noise ratio. A general characterization of maximin robust matched filters for observed Poisson processes is presented in this context, and specific solutions for several useful uncertainty models are obtained. Numerical results are presented for a specific example to illustrate the performance of the proposed technique.
Radiosensitivity of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Disease (1985)

The proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, cultured with Con A, can be inhibited by ionizing radiation. Lymphocytes from patients with conditions associated with autoimmunity, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis, are more radiosensitive than those from healthy volunteers or patients with conditions not associated with autoimmunity. The nuclear material isolated from the lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune diseases is, on average, lighter in density than the nuclear material from most healthy controls. This difference in density is not related to increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation but the degree of post-irradiation change in density (lightening) is proportional to the initial density, i.e. more dense nuclear material always shows a greater upward shift after radiation. The recovery of preirradiation density of nuclear material, 1 h after radiation exposure, taken as an indication of DNA repair, correlates with the radiosensitivity of lymphocyte proliferation (Con A response); failure to return to pre-irradiation density being associated with increased sensitivity of proliferative response. These results require extension but, taken with previously reported studies of the effects of DNA methylating agents, support the idea that DNA damage and its defective repair could be important in the aetio-pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
Calorimetric Determination of Enthalpy of Formation of Natural Gas Hydrates (2003)

This paper reports the measurements of enthalpies of natural gas hydrates in typical natural gas mixture containing methane, ethane, propane and iso-butane at pressure in the vicinity of 2000 kPa (300 psi) and 6900 kPa (1000psi). The measurements were made in a multi-cell differential scanning calorimeter using modified high pressure cells. The enthalpy of water and the enthalpy of dissociation of the gas hydrate were determined from the calorimeter response during slow temperature scanning at constant pressure. The amount of gas released from the dissociation of hydrate was determined from the pumped volume of the high pressure pump. The occupation ratio (mole ratio) of the water to gas and the enthalpy of hydrate formation are subject to uncertainty of 1.5%. The results show that the enthalpy of hydrate formation and the occupation ratio are essentially independent of pressure.
SamE: Sampling-based Embedding for Learning Representations of the Internet (2021)

We have developed SamE, a novel sampling-based embedding technique for learning representations of the Internet. SamE can classify Internet hosts in a scalable and cost effective manner without sacrificing the classification performance. Machine learning has been applied to Internet traffic analysis for a variety of purposes, including botnet detection and application identification. For example, as a major threat on the Internet, a botnet is a group of computers that collaborate together to launch cyberattacks. To analyze related hosts such as the collaborating constituents of a botnet, graph embedding techniques seem to be promising. However, when applying existing graph embedding techniques to Internet-scale traffic data, the time and space complexities become prohibitively high for practical use. To make graph embedding applicable to Internet-scale problems, SamE only samples a subset of nodes to learn elemental representations and aggregates learned elemental representations to generate synthetic representations for all nodes. We have applied SamE to real-world Internet-scale traffic data, and the experimental results show that SamE outperforms existing methods by reducing the data samples required for representation learning by 99% while achieving the same level of classification performance in botnet detection and application identification.
Revisiting Epigraphic Evidence of the Oldest Synagogue in Morocco in Volubilis (2019)

Volubilis was a Roman city located at the southwest extremity of the Roman Empire in modern-day Morocco. Several Jewish gravestone inscriptions in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, likely from the 3rd century CE, have been found there. One of them belongs to “Protopolites Kaikilianos, the head of a Jewish congregation (synagogue)”, and it indicates the presence of a relatively big Jewish community in the city. The Hebrew inscription of “Matrona, daughter of Rabbi Yehuda” is unique occurrence of using the Hebrew language in such a remote region. The Latin inscription belongs to “Antonii Sabbatrai”, likely a Jew. In addition, two lamps decorated with menorahs, one from bronze and one from clay, were found in Volubilis. In nearby Chellah, a Jewish inscription in Greek was also discovered. We revisit these inscriptions including their language, spelling mistakes, and their interpretations. We relate epigraphic sources to archaeological evidence and discuss a possible location of the synagogue in this remote city, which was the first synagogue in Morocco.
Solar Energy to Hydrogen Fuel via Highly Efficient III-V Semiconductors (2015)

A sustainable energy economy depends critically on the conversion of renewable energy resources, whose inherent variability requires a storage mechanism. Pathways for conversion of solar energy, being the most abundant, to fuel represent crucial areas of research. Hydrogen as a chemical energy carrier is storable and transportable, while being a feedstock for ammonia fertilizer that is essential to global food supply. Direct photoelectrochemical conversion of sunlight via water splitting is a prominent concept for clean, scalable, cost-effective, and locally produced hydrogen, but the technology is not yet commercially viable. Here, we address the technical challenges of realizing economical solar hydrogen production using III-V semiconductor-based devices: high conversion efficiency and extended lifetime in aqueous electrolyte.\nSolar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency is a fundamental metric for evaluating progress that will impact introduction of commercial solar water-splitting systems. Its definition is generally agreed upon, but measurement technique standards are not well defined. We demonstrate common practices, show how they can lead to significant error, and introduce methodology and cross-validation practices for improved accuracy. The advanced techniques are relevant to device configurations based on tandem absorbers, necessary for achieving maximum conversion efficiency.\nWe outline the development pathway for III-V tandem devices to reach maximum efficiency, demonstrate progress toward 15% enabled by a new architecture allowing lower bandgaps, and investigate alternative p-i and p-n PEC junction doping profiles that enhance photovoltage. We identify reflection as the primary loss and model anti-reflective TiO2 coatings that demonstrate improved photocurrent.\nWe present findings on the intrinsic stability of III-V photocathodes and the development of stabilizing surface modifications. We show that water vapor reversibly passivates p-GaInP2 surfaces and derive a model describing the behavior. Bare p-GaAs photocathodes etch ~100x slower than other III-V photocathodes due to residual surface As. Bare p-GaInP2 is unstable, but surface modification involving nitridation and/or PtRu alloy co-catalyst deposition offers corrosion resistance. We show that sputtered PtRu consistently provides better initial performance than other treatment variations, making it preferable for device development. Department of Energy progress milestones are exceeded for STH efficiency and approached for durability, while considerable reduction of device processing cost remains to be addressed.
Computation of Energy Release Rates for Kinking Cracks based on Virtual Crack Closure Technique (2004)

A numerical method based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) (Rybicki and Kanni- nen (1977)) and in conjunction with the finite element (FE) method is presented to compute strain energy re- leaserates forcracks that kink. Themethod partitionsthe strain energy release rate and provides an efficient means to compute values of the mode I (GI) and mode II (GII ) energy release rate at the tip of a kinking crack. The solution procedure is shown to be computationally effi- cient and operationally simple, involving only the nodal forces and displacements near the crack tip. Example problems with kinking cracks in a homogeneous mate- rial, and a layered two constituent material are presented to illustratethe current approach. keyword: kinking crack, virtual crack closure tech- nique, energy release rate
Escherichia coli EC93 deploys two plasmid-encoded class I contact-dependent growth inhibition systems for antagonistic bacterial interactions (2021)

The phenomenon of contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) and the genes required for CDI (<i>cdiBAI</i>) were identified and isolated in 2005 from an <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolate (EC93) from rats. Although the <i>cdiBAI</i><sup>EC93</sup> locus has been the focus of extensive research during the past 15 years, little is known about the EC93 isolate from which it originates. Here we sequenced the EC93 genome and find two complete and functional <i>cdiBAI</i> loci (including the previously identified <i>cdi</i> locus), both carried on a large 127 kb plasmid. These <i>cdiBAI</i> systems are differentially expressed in laboratory media, enabling EC93 to outcompete <i>E. coli</i> cells lacking cognate <i>cdiI</i> immunity genes. The two CDI systems deliver distinct effector peptides that each dissipate the membrane potential of target cells, although the two toxins display different toxic potencies. Despite the differential expression and toxic potencies of these CDI systems, both yielded similar competitive advantages against <i>E. coli</i> cells lacking immunity. This can be explained by the fact that the less expressed <i>cdiBAI</i> system (<i>cdiBAIEC93-2</i>) delivers a more potent toxin than the highly expressed <i>cdiBAIEC93-1</i> system. Moreover, our results indicate that unlike most sequenced CDI<sup>+</sup> bacterial isolates, the two <i>cdi</i> loci of <i>E. coli</i> EC93 are located on a plasmid and are expressed in laboratory media.
Effect of bar-code technology on the incidence of medication dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events in a hospital pharmacy. (2005)

We performed a direct observation prepost study to evaluate the impact of barcode technology on medication dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events in the pharmacy of a tertiary-academic medical center. We found that barcode technology significantly reduced the rate of target dispensing errors leaving the pharmacy by 85%, from 0.37% to 0.06%. The rate of potential adverse drug events (ADEs) due to dispensing errors was also significantly reduced by 63%, from 0.19%to 0.069%. In a 735-bed hospital where 6 million doses of medications are dispensed per year, this technology is expected to prevent about 13,000 dispensing errors and 6,000 potential ADEs per year.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC CONJUGATED ACETYLENES: THEIR UTILITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROPHANES (1978)

Abstract Aus LIS‐Hexadeeadiin (I) erhält man mit Cu(II)‐acetat das Cyclisierungsprodukt (II), das zu dem Dion (III) hydratisiert wird.
Single-layer multi-periods? A Case Study of the Enclosure Site of Khirbet el Mastarah, Jordan Valley&#160; (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Dating of desert enclosure sites is challenging, as they have minimal diagnostic elements. Moreover, these sites are composed primarily of a single layer, which raises the question of whether they are of single or multi-period settlements.&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The current research aims to answer this question by assessing a group of enclosures in the Jordan Valley. The sites were previously surveyed and dated to the early Iron Age (ca. 1200&amp;amp;#8211;1000 BCE), and linked to tribes of Israelite settlement in the region. We present new excavations and OSL ages from Khirbet el Mastarah that indicate several periods of usage, and the possible construction and occupation of the enclosures during the following periods:&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Iron Age II (2570&amp;amp;#177;220 yr), Late Hellenistic or Early Roman periods (2090&amp;amp;#177;150 yr and 2120&amp;amp;#177;160 yr), Late Byzantine (1410&amp;amp;#177;200 yr, 1370&amp;amp;#177;150 yr), Early Islamic and Islamic/Abassid periods (1000&amp;amp;#177;90 yr and&amp;amp;#160; 1080&amp;amp;#177;110 yr). Another indication that emerges from the results is that different enclosures were used at various locations during various periods, and are still used by local herders. Therefore, the site has horizontal chronology rather than vertical stratigraphy, and is characterized by a single-layer with multi periods of spatial usage.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Bacteremia and meningitis caused by OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii – molecular characterization and susceptibility testing for alternative antibiotics (2018)

Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections mortality is high. Alternative antimicrobial therapy (doxycycline) for selected patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection should be considered.
Effect of calf age and Salmonella bacterin type on ability to produce immunoglobulins directed against Salmonella whole cells or lipopolysaccharide (1992)

A commercially available Salmonella bacterin was administered to Holstein calves starting at 1 to 19 weeks of age. Serum samples were obtained before administering bacterin and at 2-week intervals thereafter. An ELISA with Salmonella dublin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or S dublin whole cells as antigen, was used to measure specific IgG and IgM responses. Antibody responses to LPS were not detected from calves < 12 weeks old inoculated with killed bacterin. Immunoglobulin responses to whole-cell antigen were detected from all age groups of calves inoculated with the same killed Salmonella bacterin. Calves < 11 weeks old are able to produce immunoglobulins to some whole-cell antigens, but are unable to produce anti-LPS immunoglobulins when inoculated with killed Salmonella bacterin. This age-related response to killed Salmonella antigens may account, in part, for increased susceptibility to salmonellosis in calves < 12 weeks old. In comparison to the response for killed antigen, 8 calves given modified-live aromatic-dependent S dublin bacterin at 1 to 3 weeks of age had detectable anti-LPS immunoglobulins after immunization, although the response was not as rapid and was of a lesser magnitude than that of older calves given killed Salmonella bacterin.
Simplified Prognostic Criteria in Acute Pancreatitis (1986)

Simplified prognostic criteria (SPC) have been developed for evaluating patients with acute pancreatitis. The criteria based on easily measured biologic and clinical variables were evaluated on all 76 patients with acute pancreatitis treated over a 2-year period. Results were compared with Ranson's early objective sings. All the SPC within 48 h of admission correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with increased incidence of complications. Of the 11 early objective signs only four--fall in hematocrit, serum calcium, PO2, and fluid sequestrations--were associated with significantly increased complications. The incidence of complications, 48%, seen in patients with one or more SPC was comparable to the 50% seen in patients with three or more Ranson's early objective signs. The results suggest that SPC is a simple, easily applicable gauge that gives valuable assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis.
From Heterocoagulation to Biorecognition: Preparation of Surfaces for Direct Measurement of Their Interactions in a Surface Force Apparatus (2014)

Summary Due to the atomic resolution in surface separation accessible the Surface Force Apparatus technique provides an avenue for investigating the interactions in real systems, provided the model surfaces chosen for study have both equivalent intricate surface chemistry and structural properties. To overcome the difficulty of surface‐altering treatments when preparing suitable surfaces for the SFA and to realize interfaces fully representative of real systems immersed in solvents we have developed different experimental procedures. In particular, adsorption of nanoparticles from bulk colloidal dispersions, controlled solvent flow for coating substrates with polyelectrolytes multilayers, Langmuir Blodgett deposition of phospholipids membranes inserting ligands/receptors, all illustrate how one can get insights into subtle phenomena revealed by the force‐distance profiles when the true colloidal state is maintained, biomaterials are built and molecular recognition is involved.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Promoted Wohl—Ziegler Functionalization of Organic Molecules with N‐Bromosuccinimide under Solvent‐Free Reaction Conditions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Programação em R utilizando multicores: um estudo de caso envolvendo dados de modelos climáticos. (2012)

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o uso de multiprocessamento em R. Para isso, apresenta um estudo de caso envolvendo o cálculo da média móvel de séries de chuva mensal, utilizando dados de modelos de projeção climática.
Specific Expression of Bax-ω in Pancreatic β-Cells Is Down-Regulated by Cytokines before the Onset of Apoptosis (2002)

Cytokines have been implicated in the process of pancreatic beta-cell destruction that leads to type 1 diabetes. This study investigates the beta-cell expression of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family and their variation during cytokine-mediated apoptosis. Exposure of rat beta-cells to the combination of IL-1beta plus interferon-gamma causes a time-dependent increase in apoptotic cells starting after 3 d (<10% on d 3 and 28 +/- 2% on d 7). This effect was preceded by a marked down-regulation of two antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax-omega (respectively reduced by 60% and 80% after 3 d), whereas no changes occurred in the expression of Bcl-x(L) and the proapoptotic protein Bax-alpha. No apoptosis or down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax-omega proteins was observed with individual cytokines or in the presence of N-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The lowered Bcl-2 protein content was associated with a decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA, which was initiated after 24 h of exposure. In MIN6 cells, the cytokine-induced suppression of Bcl-2- and Bax-omega, and apoptosis, occurred within 24 h. Primary rat beta-cells exhibited a higher expression of Bax-omega than MIN6 cells or than other rat cell types. These data suggest that suppression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bax-omega mediates cytokine-induced apoptosis of beta-cells. The beta-cell-specific expression of Bax-omega makes this protein a possible effector in the protection of this cell type against apoptosis.
Multi-Task Learning with Compressible Features for Collaborative Intelligence (2019)

A promising way to deploy Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based services on mobile devices is to run a part of the AI model (a deep neural network) on the mobile itself, and the rest in the cloud. This is sometimes referred to as collaborative intelligence. In this framework, intermediate features from the deep network need to be transmitted to the cloud for further processing. We study the case where such features are used for multiple purposes in the cloud (multi-tasking) and where they need to be compressible in order to allow efficient transmission to the cloud. To this end, we introduce a new loss function that encourages feature compressibility while improving system performance on multiple tasks. Experimental results show that with the compression-friendly loss, one can achieve around 20% bitrate reduction without sacrificing the performance on several vision-related tasks.
Time Synchronized State Estimation for Incompletely Observed Distribution Systems Using Deep Learning Considering Realistic Measurement Noise (2020)

Time-synchronized state estimation is a challenge for distribution systems because of limited real-time observability. This paper addresses this challenge by formulating a deep learning (DL)-based approach to perform unbalanced three-phase distribution system state estimation (DSSE). Initially, a data-driven approach for judicious measurement selection to facilitate reliable state estimation is provided. Then, a deep neural network (DNN) is trained to perform DSSE for systems that are incompletely observed by synchrophasor measurement devices (SMDs). Robustness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by considering realistic measurement error models for SMDs. A comparative study of the DNN-based DSSE with classical linear state estimation indicates that the DL-based approach gives better accuracy with a significantly smaller number of SMDs.