gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of environmental sulfate concentration on the synthesis of low and high sulfated chondroitin sulfates by chick embryo cartilage. (1978)

Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis was studied in embryonic chicken sternum, with particular attention paid to the effect of environmental sulfate (SOd2-) concentration on the structure of newly formed chondroitin sulfate. Sternal cartilages were labeled in vitro with [3H]glucosamine in the presence of varying concentrations of inorganic sulfate, and the structure of labeled chondroitin sulfates was studied. At sulfate concentrations higher than 30 pM, the labeled product was found in a peak centered in the position of standard (fully sulfated) chondroitin sulfate when fractionated on a DEAE-cellulose column by elution with a linear gradient of NaCl. At sulfate concentrations lower than 0.3 PM, however, the highest radioactivity appeared in an area expected for essentially unsulfated chondroitin. At intermediate sulfate concentrations, 3 to 10 PM, the product was found in essentially two separate peaks rather than in a peak at intermediate position; the first peak appeared in the area for unsulfated chondroitin and the second just before but overlapping fully sulfated chondroitin sulfate. Analyses by digestion with chondroitinase indicated that the degree of sulfation is a principal parameter involved in the elution profiles of DEAE-cellulose chromatogram. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]sulfate did not demonstrate any precursor-product relationships between the fractions of different sulfation degree. Fractionation of a [3H]glucosamine-labeled cartilage showed that the low sulfated [3H]chondroitin is present almost exclusively in the extracellular matrix. The results are compatible with the hypothesis (provided by DeLuca, S., Richmond, M. E., and Silbert, J. E. (1973) Biochemistry 12,3911-3915) that sulfation during polymerization of chondroitin occurs in an “all or nothing” rather than a random fashion, and further suggest that the relative proportion of low and high sulfated chondroitin chains attached to core protein of proteoglycan may be regulated, in part at least, by environmental sulfate concentration.
Effect of coke bed on the electrical performance of HVDC ground electrode (2015)

To prevent the high voltage direct current (HVDC) ground electrode from eroding, it is usually wrapped by a coke bed, which may affect the electrical performance of the electrode, such as current distribution and step voltage. In this paper, the effect is analyzed by a numerical method. The method couples moment method with circuit theory by regarding the coke bed as several resistors connecting the ground electrode with soil, which is simple and efficient. The current distribution, ground resistance and step voltage of several typical electrodes with and without coke beds are calculated. The effect of the coke bed on the above parameters is summed up.
An approach to the demand of durable and differentiated products (2004)

The objective of this paper is to analise the demand in markets with durable and differentiated products, and in addition, with a high number of product varieties. The methodology to develop this study draws on dynamic discrete choice models. This work is a theoretical approach that gives the structural expressions for a nested dynamic model. These expressions can be a suitable support to discuss and develop further empirical work on durable and differentiated product markets.
Synthesis and Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Olivacine and Oxygenated Derivatives (2018)

The tetracyclic pyrido[4,3-<i>b</i>]carbazole olivacine and four of its oxygenated derivatives have been synthesized by a late-stage palladium-catalyzed Heck-type cyclization of the pyrrole ring as a key step. In a test for the inhibition of the growth of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, 9-methoxyolivacine showed the most significant inhibitory activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis,</i> with an MIC<sub>90</sub> value of 1.5 μM.
A New Wind Turbine Interface to MVdc Collection Grid With High-Frequency Isolation and Input Current Shaping (2015)

A new power electronic interface suitable for the integration of the next-generation offshore wind turbines with medium voltage dc collection grids is introduced in this paper. A practical design case study provides guidance for further development of the proposed interface. The detailed simulations show acceptable operation of the proposed approach from 25% to 100% rated power, including step changes in the wind turbine generator (WTG) input power. Simulation results demonstrate 0.95 displacement power factor magnitude, near-sinusoidal WTG current, continuous output current, stiff dc link voltages, and inverter zero-current switching. Preliminary hardware results from a 250 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dc</sub> , 700-W lab-scale prototype are introduced, demonstrating an input rectifier boost characteristic with a dominant input current fundamental and 0.95 displacement power factor magnitude. The dc link current has a large peak-to-average ratio as expected, and dc link capacitor voltage balance is achieved via adjustment of relative duty cycles between high- and low-side active rectifier switches.
Heritability of metabolic traits associated with equine metabolic syndrome in Welsh ponies and Morgan horses (2018)

This study provides the first concrete evidence of a genetic contribution to key phenotypes associated with EMS. Eight of these nine traits had moderate to high h<sup>2</sup> <sub>SNP</sub> estimates in this cohort. These data demonstrate that continued research for identification of the genetic risk factors for EMS phenotypes within and across breeds is warranted.
Effect of Reactive Power Limit Modeling on Maximum System Loading and Active and Reactive Power Markets (2010)

This paper presents a comparative investigation of various representations of reactive power limits in maximum loadability and active and reactive power market studies. Previously proposed optimal power flow (OPF) models for these types of analyses are first reviewed and briefly discussed. Different models for representing reactive power limits in these optimization problems are then presented, concentrating in particular on the proper modeling of the generators' capability curves as terminal voltages change, which has been identified as a shortcoming of previous studies. Comparative numerical analyses of the effect of various reactive power limit models in maximum loading and active and reactive power dispatch and pricing levels are presented and discussed, to thus quantify the effect these various limit representations have on the corresponding results. Two test systems, namely, the CIGRE-32 benchmark system and a 1211-bus dispatch model of a European network, are used for numerical studies. The presented results show that in most OPF applications, the improvement on the reactive power limits representation lead to subtle differences at the cost of increased computational complexity, which in some cases may be difficult to justify in practice.
Influences of doping and thermal stability on the catalytic performance of CuO/Ce20M1Ox (M = Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Sn) catalysts for NO reduction by CO (2016)

The doping of variable valence metal cations into CeO<sub>2</sub> is beneficial for catalytic NO reduction by CO.
Survivability in Object Service Architectures (OSA) (1999)

Abstract : The military of the future will increasingly rely upon information superiority to dominate the battlespace. The size and complexity of the software systems necessary to achieve this goal makes them highly vulnerable to the loss or degradation of hosts, networks, or processed due to physical and information warfare attacks, hardware and infrastructure failures, and software errors. This report summaries the goals and results of a project that developed an architecture and software mechanisms to make military and commercial software applications based on the popular Object Services Architecture (e.g., OMG's CORBA) model far more survivable than is currently possible, while at the same time maintaining the flexibility and ease of construction that characterizes OSA based applications.
Field Experimental Results on E-UTRA Downlink Throughput Using Polarization Diversity Antennas (2009)

This paper investigates the effect of the antenna (polarization diversity (PD) or space diversity (SD)) configuration at evolved Node B and antenna angle of user equipment (UE) on the throughput performance of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) field experimental system. The results show that the throughput performance as a function of the measured signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) per antenna for the PD configuration is degraded by approximately 1 dB and 3-6 dB in a 2times2 MIMO case for non-line of sight (NLOS) and line of sight (LOS) environments, respectively, and 1-2 dB in a 4times4 MIMO case for a NLOS environment, when the angle of the receiver antenna is 0 degrees due to variation in the average received power gap between vertically-polarized and horizontally-polarized waves. On the other hand, when the receiver antenna angles are 45 or 90 degrees, the throughput performance for the PD configuration is almost the same as those for the NLOS environment and is improved compared to those for the LOS environment, respectively, due to a smaller average received power gap and lower fading correlation. It is also shown that the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the throughput performance when using the PD configuration is nearly identical to those for the 2times2 and 4times4 MIMO cases irrespective of the UE antenna angle for the NLOS environment. The CDF in this case is also better than those for the SD configuration when the UE antenna angle is 90 degrees for the NLOS environment and 45 and 90 degrees for the LOS environment.
Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes Based on AB3-Type Miktoarm Star Copolymers (2018)

Miktoarm star copolymers composed of three poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arms connected to one polystyrene (PS) chain, i.e., PS-(PEO)<sub>3</sub>, demonstrated synergistic improvements in the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength by factors of 2-30 compared to those shown by PS-PEO diblock copolymers. Entropic constraints for the chain stretching of (PEO)<sub>3</sub> gave rise to notably reduced domain sizes of PS-(PEO)<sub>3</sub> electrolytes, compared with the values of PS-PEO analogues. Further, the melting transition of PS-(PEO)<sub>3</sub> with PEO molecular weight of <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 2 kg mol<sup>-1</sup> was vanished with lithium salt doping at [Li]/[EO] = 0.06 under such confinements, resulting in an order of magnitude increase in the room temperature conductivity. The fact that lithium ion transport in PEO-based copolymers can be tunable by the way PEO chains are connected to hard polymers can lead to innovative designs for solid-state polymer electrolytes.
Ring Contraction Reaction of 4H-1,3-Oxazin-4-ones under Electrospray Ionization Conditions (2004)

Ring contraction reactions of heterocyclic compounds under mass ionization conditions are important and interesting phenomenon.[1] It should be very useful to elucidate the fragmentation of some novel heterocyclic compounds and to identify the structures of some effective compounds in a screened library by mass spectrometric method, which is an easy and available method for identification of effective members in a library due to development of LC-MS. Recently several ring contraction reactions have been reported in literatures.……
Improvement of template matching for distance measurement system based on image sensors (2012)

This paper describes an improved template matching for a distance measurement system based on image sensors using a target. Authors have developed the distance measurement system that consists of two movable image sensors for automatic berthing of ships. The measurement system measures a distance by detecting and tracking the target. We aim at applying the distance measurement system for automatic relative positioning system between a ship and a FPSO. In this application, the shape of the target captured in images is deformed by their relative positions and attitudes and then measurements error is increased due to the target deformation. For solving the deformation, we propose an improved template matching robust to target deformation. Improved template matching is able to detect the deformed target with template database which is created by image conversion with perspective projection of a reference template. By using improved template matching, the distance measurement error is decreased. From the experimental results performed in miniature and indoor environments, we confirmed that the measurement error of the relative distance is decreased by using the database.
Air trench bends and splitters for dense optical integration in low index contrast (2005)

Low-loss air trench structures that permit reduced-size bends in low (/spl Delta/ = 0.7-7%) and medium (/spl Delta/ = 7-20%) index contrast waveguides are demonstrated. Local high index contrast at bends is achieved by introducing air trenches with "cladding tapers" that provide an adiabatic mode transition between low and high index contrast regions. We have fabricated and measured the performance of bends and T-splitters in silica low index contrast waveguides. Complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes are effective in processing, and measured losses are low and consistent with theoretical simulations.
Site-specific protein modification using immobilized sortase in batch and continuous-flow systems (2015)

Transpeptidation catalyzed by ​sortase A allows the preparation of proteins that are site-specifically and homogeneously modified with a wide variety of functional groups, such as fluorophores, PEG moieties, lipids, glycans, bio-orthogonal reactive groups and affinity handles. This protocol describes immobilization of ​sortase A on a solid support (Sepharose beads). Immobilization of ​sortase A simplifies downstream purification of a protein of interest after labeling of its N or C terminus. Smaller batch and larger-scale continuous-flow reactions require only a limited amount of enzyme. The immobilized enzyme can be reused for multiple cycles of protein modification reactions. The described protocol also works with a Ca²⁺-independent variant of ​sortase A with increased catalytic activity. This heptamutant variant of ​sortase A (7M) was generated by combining previously published mutations, and this immobilized enzyme can be used for the modification of calcium-senstive substrates or in instances in which low temperatures are needed. Preparation of immobilized ​sortase A takes 1–2 d. Batch reactions take 3–12 h and flow reactions proceed at 0.5 ml h⁻¹, depending on the geometry of the reactor used.
Integrated Circuit SNR Improvement Using Dielectric Altering Compound, Laser Trim and FIB System (2000)

Abstract Communication Signal Processors (CSP) did not have the Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance expected. Significant differences were noticed between SNR values at wafer level and package testing. The analog section of the chip was suspected to be the culprit as the problem existed at the analog to digital conversion level. A Dielectric Altering Compound (DiAC) was chosen to simulate the packaged environment in decapsulated parts[1]. The DiAC was applied in and around the analog section, after application in other areas did not show the SNR degradation. The sampling capacitors in the A to D Converter section (ADC) were selectively coated with DiAC and laser trimmed to identify the offending circuit element. A signal trace running adjacent to the sampling caps, was isolated and suspected of coupling noise to the sampling caps. A FIB system was used to deposit a grounded metal shield that covered the suspect runner on a packaged part - subsequent testing showed no degradation. The above procedure was successful in isolating, verifying, and rectifying the SNR degradation. The SNR degradation was found on more than one code. The same procedure was used repeatedly on subsequent errant codes. Finally, a mask level fix on silicon achieved the desired SNR performance for all the codes.
On Outage Performance of Spectrum-Sharing Communication over M-Block Fading (2014)

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio system in which a block-fading channel is assumed. Each transmission frame consists of M blocks and each block undergoes a different channel gain. Instantaneous channel state information about the interference links remains unknown to the primary and secondary users. We minimize the secondary user's targeted outage probability over the block-fading channels. To protect the primary user, a statistical constraint on its targeted outage probability is enforced. The secondary user's targeted outage region and the corresponding optimal power are derived. We also propose two sub-optimal power strategies and derive compact expressions for the corresponding outage probabilities. These probabilities are shown to be asymptotic lower and upper bounds on the outage probability. Utilizing these bounds, we derive the exact diversity order of the secondary user outage probability. Selected numerical results are presented to characterize the system's behavior.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydrocyanation of Alkynes. (1986)

Abstract Die Hydrocyanierung von Alkinen wie (I) liefert ogß‐ungesättigte Nitrile (II) und (III).
Can we understand how developmental stress enhances performance under future threat with the Yerkes-Dodson law? (2015)

Recently we have shown that adult rats exposed to chronic stress during adolescence increase foraging performance in high-threat conditions by 43% compared to rats reared without stress. Our findings suggest that stress during adolescence can prepare rats to better function under future threat, which supports hypotheses describing an adaptive role for the long-term consequences of early stress (e.g. the thrifty phenotype and maternal mismatch hypotheses). These hypotheses often predict that early stress will impair performance in low-threat conditions later in life. However, we did not find any difference in performance under low-threat conditions between adolescent-stressed and unstressed adult animals. To understand why stress during adolescence may affect performance in high-threat but not in low-threat conditions, we discuss our findings in the framework of the Yerkes-Dodson law, a key precept of psychology that has been used for over a century to describe how stress affects performance.
Correcting lens distortion in 3D measuring systems using fringe projection (2005)

In this paper several techniques are described to perform the determination and correction of lens distortion in fringe projection systems for 3D object measurement. A new method to realise distortion determination for projection systems is introduced. It uses a plane surface and the projected fringe pattern as calibration tools and determines simultaneously the distortion of both projector and camera lens within an iterative procedure. The lens distortion calibration is performed in the state of the device "ready for measurement" which avoids errors by a later adjustment. A reduction of distortion errors up to 0.02 pixels in the projector chip and also in the camera chip is possible and leads to considerable improvements in the 3D measurements.
The working principle of resistive tactile sensor cells (2006)

Tactile sensors systems are very important for today's service robotics. Designed as a holohedral cover for a robot, they are suitable for collision detection when working in unstructured environments, for human-machine interaction or, with a high resolution, as object sensors enabling dexterous hands for reactive gripping. In this paper, we explain construction and working principle of resistive tactile sensor cells. The latter is based on the change of the electrical resistance between a conductive polymer and at least two electrodes. For this effect, we formulate a model to describe the dependence between the sensor's electrical resistance and the applied load. The model enables further improvements of resistive tactile sensor cells.
Propagation characteristics of coaxial cable with a helically wound ground shield (2002)

Many coaxial cables depart from the 'ideal' geometry of a coaxial cable due to manufacturing constraints. In the case considered here, the role of the ground return is fulfilled by a drain wire. The ground shield is made of a plastic backed metal strip that is wound around the center conductor, dielectric core, and drain wire. This differs from the ideal case in which the ground return is entirely fulfilled by the ground shield, which is continuous. In the case studied here, the drain wire and the ground shield only make contact periodically, so there are two distinct current paths on the ground side of the circuit. Because of the plastic backing on the ground shield, the shield is not electrically continuous where it overlaps, and this results in a helical break in the ground shield. The combination of the the helical break in the ground shield and the existence of multiple signal paths results in signal dispersion. The helical break also makes the resulting electromagnetic fields non-TEM and thus precludes the use of two-dimensional solution methods normally used to characterize the coaxial problem. The characteristics of the electromagnetic waves propagating in this structure are analyzed with the use of a finite-difference time-domain solver under development at the Ultrahigh Speed Digital Electronics Laboratory at the University of Illinois. This solver uses a time-split Lax-Wendroff finite-difference time-domain scheme in conjunction with Maxwell's equations expressed in generalized coordinates in order to support the use of non-orthogonal meshing. The use of non-orthogonal meshing is required for a reasonable treatment of the problem under consideration. The results of this analysis are used to develop a circuit model of the cable behavior. This model is used to estimate the frequency ranges over which dispersion takes place.
Wide electrochemical window solvents for use in electrochemical devices and electrolyte solutions incorporating such solvents (2023)

The present invention relates to electrolyte solvents for use in liquid or rubbery electrolyte solutions. Specifically, this invention is directed to boron-containing electrolyte solvents and boron-containing electrolyte solutions.
Knowledge sharing and cooperation of autonomous robots by intelligent data carrier system (2002)

In this paper, we propose a device for cooperation of multiple autonomous mobile robots. A device which enables local communication, named "intelligent data carrier (IDC)", is proposed. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve efficiency of iterative transportation tasks by autonomous mobile robots. An autonomous mobile robot gives name of its latest visited destination to an IDC which is located on a junction in a work area. An IDC summarizes the information from robots and tells a direction that it effects best way to a destination which a robot wants to go. By the proposed algorithm and system, mobile robots construct information of navigation and improve the efficiency of a task automatically. We verified the effect of the proposed algorithm by simulations and experiments.