gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The origins of planar magnetic structures in the solar wind (1993)

The term “planar magnetic structure” (PMS) refers to distinctive features in the solar wind characterized by a series of abrupt changes in the direction of the interplanetary field, with the field remaining nearly parallel to a single plane. Previous suggestions concerning the origin of PMS are (1) closed magnetic field loops arising from newly emerging, nearly parallel magnetic structures in the photosphere, (2) compression and draping of the field around a high‐speed coronal mass ejection (CME), and (3) extended current sheets and/or loops from multiple helmet streamers in the corona. Four years of ISEE 3 data have been examined to establish a larger data base of PMS events and to allow a search for common features that may reveal the causes of these structures. A total of 33 PMS events were found and analyzed. The loop theory of PMS origins was tested by searching for a correlation between the PMSs and the electron or proton counterstreaming characteristic of closed loops or CMEs. It was found that the PMSs tended to precede rather than coincide with the CMEs. Fourteen of the PMS events (42%) were in the sheath between an interplanetary shock and a CME. Other PMS events were found to be related to crossings of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Sorting the events according to their association with either HCS or compression/draping ahead of fast streams (of which postshock sheaths are a subset) yields 19 events (58%) associated with compression/draping but not with HCS, 8 events (24%) associated with both compression/draping and HCS, 5 events (15%) associated with HCS but not with compression/draping, and 1 event (3%) associated with neither compression/draping nor the HCS. The conclusion is that planar magnetic structures are not closed loops of plasma from coronal mass ejections or helmet streamers. Instead, a process is postulated in which coronal mass ejections lead to the amplification and alignment of preexisting discontinuities in the ambient wind compressed by the CMEs. A possible cause of the alignment of discontinuities in the vicinity of the heliospheric current sheet is compression by lateral expansion of CMEs in the lower corona.
A fully monolithic integrated anisotropic magnetoresistance based angle sensor for automotive (2013)

This paper presents an automotive qualified, fully integrated AMR based sensor to enable contactless angle/position detection by means of rotating magnetic fields. The sensor provides amplified, as well as amplitude and offset compensated sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal components of the angle as differential analog voltages. The sensor allows achieving an angle error of 0.1° at room temperature as well as an overall angle error over temperature of less than 0.9° - representing a step ahead in performance of AMR angle sensors. The architecture of the sensor IC and its measurements are shown.
A self-calibrating hall sensor ic with direction detection (2003)

A monolithic wheel speed sensor integrated circuit based on Hall effect is presented. Speed and motion direction of magnetic encoder wheels or ferromagnetic target wheels are detected. Two specific amplitudes of the magnetic input signal are detected as well. A two-wire current output directly linked to the input signal frequency indicates speed. Direction information and detection of specific amplitudes of the magnetic input signal are encoded in its output pulsewidth. It features a strictly differential sensing principle, a new direction detection algorithm, and a dynamic self-calibrated offset compensation. The integrated circuit is manufactured in a 0.6-/spl mu/m BiCMOS process, enhanced by bipolar transistors with increased breakthrough voltage.
Endovascular aneurysm repair: results and exploration of new frontiers (2005)

Although the initial results of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms were promising, current evidence from controlled studies does not convincingly show a reduction of 30-day mortality relative to that achieved with open repair. ... Zie: Summary
Mismatch handling for COTS selection: a case study (2011)

Abstract Using Commercial Off‐The‐Shelf (COTS) products to build software systems requires the evaluation of existing COTS products, the selection of the COTS that best fit system requirements, and the integration of the selected COTS into the system. During this process, it is inevitable to encounter two types of mismatches: (1) COTS mismatches , which are encountered during COTS selection between requirements and COTS features, due to an excess or shortage of COTS features, and (2) architectural mismatches , which arise when integrating multiple COTS products that do not fit well together. This paper focuses on the ‘ COTS mismatch ’ problem. The paper describes a real‐world case study of a single COTS selection with the aid of a method called MiHOS (Mismatch Handling for COTS Selection) to handle the COTS mismatches. MiHOS runs on top of existing COTS selection models in order to properly address COTS mismatches with limited resources. The case study was conducted in the e‐service domain. The goal was to validate MiHOS and to answer two key questions: (1) How useful is decision support during different phases in the process mismatch handling? And (2) what is the effort vs benefit of using MiHOS? The results are promising and illustrate the potential benefits of using MiHOS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
2-Mercaptothioxanthone as a Novel Photoinitiator for Free Radical Polymerization (2003)

2-Mercaptothioxanthone (TX-SH), a hydrogen abstraction type photoinitiator for free radical polymerization, is synthesized and characterized. Its capability to act as an initiator for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), and multifunctional monomers is examined. The relative efficiencies of TX-SH, the parent thioxanthone (TX), and their combination with an amine synergist such as N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are compared in the photopolymerization. The postulated mechanism is based on the intermolecular reaction of triplet, 3TX-SH*, with the thiol moiety of ground-state TX-SH. Thus, when TX-SH is irradiated in the presence of a monomer, it can serve as both a triplet photosensitizer and a hydrogen donor. The resulting thiyl radicals initiate the polymerization. Incorporation of TX-S groups into polymers was demonstrated by spectroscopic methods.
Electro-deposition current density effect on Ni/PZT layered magnetoelectric composites performance (2008)

This paper considers the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in Ni/PZT layered ME composites that is related to the preferred crystallographic orientation of electro-deposited Ni layers. The Ni electro-deposition rate increases with applied cathodic current density. High (1 0 0) texture in the Ni layer was obtained at either low or high current densities, which improves the ME composite's performance. It is advantageous to increase the current density, while trying to avoid hydrogen evolution during electro-deposition to reduce the number of pinhole defects.
A randomized study of temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2211). (2015)

TPS4145 Background: Patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have few treatment options that yield objective radiographic tumor regression. Somatostatin analogues and biologics yield prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) but minimal overall response rates (RRs). Historical studies reporting the highest RRs and longest PFS intervals include regimens with cytotoxic chemotherapy, such as streptozocin. Recent retrospective and small, prospective studies, suggest that temozolomide is similarly active but less toxic than streptozocin-based therapy. The proposed study will provide prospective data on response rates and progression-free survival associated with temozolomide or temozolomide in combination with capecitabine, and will also assess the relative efficacy of these two regimens. Methods: E2211 is a two-arm, multi-center, randomized phase II trial comparing temozolomide (200 mg/m2 PO QD days 1-5) vs. capecitabine (750 mg/m2 PO BID days 1-14) and temozolomide (200 mg/m2 PO QD days 10-14) in patients with advanced pancreatic NETs. Eligibility criteria include: metastatic or unresectable, low or intermediate grade pancreatic NETs, progression within preceeding 12 months, and no prior temozolomide, DTIC, capecitabine, or 5-FU therapy. Primary endpoint is PFS; secondary endpoints are Overall Survival (OS), RR, safety, and MGMT status as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and promoter methylation status. This study will require a minimum of 138 patients (or a maximum of 145 patients to allow for 5% ineligibility) to be accrued at the rate of 6 patients per month. With 23 months of accrual time and 13 months of follow-up (3 years total study time), this trial will have at least 81% power to detect a difference in median PFS between the treatment arms of 9 versus 14 months (hazard ratio of 0.64) using a two-sided log-rank test at the overall 0.20 significance level. First patient entered onto the study in August 2013. As of January 2015 a total of 67 (46% of target) patients have been recruited. Clinical trial information: NCT01824875. Clinical trial information: NCT01824875.
An advanced receiver with interference cancellation for broadband cable networks (2003)

We present an advanced receiver with adaptive equalization and narrowband interference cancellation for the upstream channel in broadband cable networks. The interference canceller is based on noise prediction. The simulation results indicate that the presented receiver makes it possible to transmit a QPSK signal in the presence of 3 interferers with an individual power of -10 dBc with a SNR degradation of 1.8 dB only. For 16-QAM, the SNR degradation is 2.1 dB with 3 interferers at -15 dBc. We study the problems associated with the joint adaptation of the equalizer and the interference canceller and we describe an efficient algorithm that ensures both stability and fast convergence.
Low Prevalence of Mutations in Known Loci for Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia in a Multiethnic Patient Cohort (2012)

Our findings suggest that additional loci may contribute to ADH, especially in understudied populations such as blacks.
Immunological determination of serum m-AST activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (1978)

Serum m-AST (mitochondrial isoenzyme of AST) activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction was determined quantitatively by a new immunological technique which is sensitive and easily available. All 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction showed abnormally high levels of serum m-AST (more than 5 KU/ml); the mean serum m-AST activity attained its peak (42.0 +/- 4.9 KU/ml) on the first day after the onset of infarction 5 hours later than that of serum t-AST (total AST) activity in 15 patients whose peak m- and t-AST activities were identified clearly. The individual peak m-AST activity correlated with the total CK released (r = 0.83, n = 15), indicating that the release of m-AST also reflects the infarct size. The ratio of serum m-AST/t-AST increased following myocardial infarction and showed the maximal value (average 25.7%) on the third to seventh day after onset. This ratio in the patients with acute myocardial ifarction was also greater than that in patients with liver disease or with heart failure from causes other than acute myocardial infarction. In the patients who had the additional complication of heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock the ratio was also greater than that is the patients without these hazards. These results indicate that the ratio of serum m-AST/t-AST reflects the severity of the myocardial cellular damage in acute myocardial infarction.
Family of Diazapentalene Chromophores and Narrow-Band-Gap Polymers: Synthesis, Halochromism, Halofluorism, and Visible–Near Infrared Photodetectivity (2012)

A family of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1(2H)-one (PPO) and 2,5-diazapentalene (DAP) chromophores and DAP-containing polymers were synthesized, and their optical and electrochemical properties were studied. PPO and DAP chromophores are readily obtained by chemical transformation of the lactam unit in diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes and can be used as versatile building blocks for construction of a variety of conjugated low-band-gap compounds and polymers. In comparison with the DPP chromophores, PPO and DAP chromophores have narrower energy gaps and low-lying HOMO levels in the order DPP > PPO > DAP. Interestingly, the PPO and DAP chromophores exhibit unique visible and near-infrared halochromic and halofluoric properties. The emission spectrum of DAP-containing polymer 6d covers the telecommunication window including the wavelength of 1310 nm. The photodetector with a device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS (35 nm)/active layer (100 nm)/Al (100 nm) was fabricated using a blend of polymer 6d and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) in a weight ratio of 1:3 as the active layer and exhibited photocurrent spectral response from 400 to 1000 nm and the detectivity in an order of 1011 Jones at 800 nm.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor and N-Methyl- D -Aspartic Acid Receptor Antagonist Use among Hospice Enrollees with a Primary Diagnosis of Dementia (2008)

A notable number of hospice enrollees with a primary diagnosis of dementia were prescribed AChEI and/or NMDA receptor antagonist therapy. Studies are needed to better define the role of these agents as well as the impact of medication discontinuation in persons with end-stage dementia.
A9612 The combination therapy of Xa inhibitor and antihypertensive therapy improved anticoagulant activity and hypertensive target organ damage in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients. (2018)

Objectives: The anticoagulant activity and blood pressure increase in morning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of anticoagulant activity, blood pressure and target organ damage in combination therapy of Xa inhibitor and antihypertensive therapy in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients. Methods: We enrolled 72 NVAF patients. Rivaroxaban (10–15 mg) was continuously administered once daily over 8 weeks (study period I). To subjects who have shown early-morning hypertension in the study period I (N = 50), nifedipine was additionally administered at bedtime, and the rivaroxaban administration was continued for additional 8 weeks. We assessed prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, optimal range of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 was defined 69–229pmol/L, D-Dimer, positive D-dimer measurement (≥1.0 μg/mL), and evaluated urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) as hypertensive target organ damage. Results: The percentage of optimal range of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 was significantly increased from baseline at 4 weeks (70.8 vs. 86.1%, p = 0.033). Clinic systolic blood pressure was reduced at 12 weeks (134.7 ± 9.6 vs. 118.7 ± 9.6mmHg, p < 0.003) and 16weeks (134.7 ± 9.6 vs. 118.7 ± 9.6mmHg, p < 0.003)). UACR was significantly reduced from 8 weeks at 12 weeks (median UACR: 13.7 vs. 8.8 mg/gCR, p = 0.006). The percentage of positive D-dimer reduced from baseline to 8 weeks (8% vs. 0%, p = 0.044), and remained 0% at 16 weeks. Conclusion: The combination therapy of Xa inhibitor and antihypertensive therapy improved anticoagulant activity and hypertensive target organ damage in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients.
The first pollution investigation of road sediment in Gary, Indiana: Anthropogenic metals and possible health implications for a socioeconomically disadvantaged area (2019)

An investigation of road sediment in Gary, Indiana revealed high levels of various trace metals such as Zn, Mn, and Cr, often exceeding those of background reference concentrations as shown through geoaccumulation indices and contamination factors. The hazard index (HI) value for Mn in children was >1 (1.7), suggesting possible long-term non-carcinogenic health risk. Mn HI for children is even higher for the five samples closest to a US Steel facility, with an HI of 2.8. Through SEM-EDS analysis, the prevalence of small particulates (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>) containing potentially harmful elements such as Mn and Pb illustrate a health risk through direct inhalation or ingestion. The small nature of particulates in general may also pose an increased health risk for respiratory diseases such as asthma. Mn concentrations in the road sediment were particularly high, with 30 out of 32 samples exceeding 1800 ppm. Mn and V concentrations show a strong spatial trend of decreasing concentration away from a US Steel facility. These spatial trends along with correlation plots of the bulk chemistry suggest that industrial steel manufacturing, particularly US Steel in Gary, is a major contributing source of Mn and V. Fe and Cr show a moderate decrease in concentrations away from the US Steel facility, which suggests some sourcing from the steel facility when coupled with bulk chemistry plots. Zn and Cu do not show much evidence of sourcing from the US Steel facility, likely due to increased mixing from other sources. Further work constraining anthropogenic sources, the bioaccessible fraction of metals, and analysis of direct atmospheric particulates can help with remedial activity and risk assessment.
Geminin, a neuralizing molecule that demarcates the future neural plate at the onset of gastrulation (1998)

In an expression cloning screen in Xenopus embryos, we identified a gene that when overexpressed expanded the neural plate at the expense of adjacent neural crest and epidermis. This gene, which we named geminin, had no sequence similarity to known gene families. We later discovered that geminin's neuralizing domain was part of a bifunctional protein whose C-terminal coiled-coil domain may play a role in regulating DNA replication. We report here on the neuralizing function of geminin. The localization, effect of misexpression and activity of a dominant negative geminin suggest that the product of this gene has an essential early role in specifying neural cell fate in vertebrates. Maternal geminin mRNA is found throughout the animal hemisphere from oocyte through late blastula. At the early gastrula, however, expression is restricted to a dorsal ectodermal territory that prefigures the neural plate. Misexpression of geminin in gastrula ectoderm suppresses BMP4 expression and converts prospective epidermis into neural tissue. In ectodermal explants, geminin induces expression of the early proneural gene neurogenin-related 1 although not itself being induced by that gene. Later, embryos expressing geminin have an expanded dorsal neural territory and ventral ectoderm is converted to neurons. A putative dominant negative geminin lacking the neuralizing domain suppresses neural differentiation and, when misexpressed dorsally, produces islands of epidermal gene expression within the neurectodermal territory, effects that are rescued by coexpression of the full-length molecule. Taken together, these data indicate that geminin plays an early role in establishing a neural domain during gastrulation.
Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation (2022)

A model of the human blastocyst formed from stem cells (blastoid) would support scientific and medical advances. However, its predictive power will depend on its ability to efficiently, timely, and faithfully recapitulate the sequences of blastocyst development (morphogenesis, specification, patterning), and to form cells reflecting the blastocyst stage. Here we show that naïve human pluripotent stem cells cultured in PXGL conditions and then triply inhibited for the Hippo, transforming growth factor- β, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways efficiently undergo morphogenesis to form blastoids (>70%). Matching with developmental timing (~4 days), blastoids unroll the blastocyst sequence of specification by producing analogs of the trophoblast and epiblast, followed by the formation of analogs of the primitive endoderm and the polar trophoblasts. This results in the formation of cells transcriptionally similar to the blastocyst (>96%) and a minority of post-implantation analogs. Blastoids efficiently pattern by forming the embryonic-abembryonic axis marked by the maturation of the polar region (NR2F2+), which acquires the specific potential to directionally attach to hormonally stimulated endometrial cells, as in utero. Such a human blastoid is a scalable, versatile, and ethical model to study human development and implantation in vitro.
[Lignan: an important natural estrogen from plants]. (2006)

Lignan is an important phytoestrogen with weakly estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties, and possesses diverse bioactivities, including antioxidation, antitumor and antivirus etc. In particular, it may prevent hormone-dependent diseases, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, many important scientific problems have not been constrained, whether do the metabolites of lignans from foods have their potential genic toxicity? What are the anticancer mechanisms of lignans? What is the dosage of lignans to achieve the desired biological effect? In this paper, the references on lignans have systematically been reviewed in the following aspects: classification, distribution, metabolism, pharmacological activities and analytical methods, and a prospective of future studies on lignans is also elucidated.
Active Adaptive Battery Aging Management for Electric Vehicles (2019)

The battery pack accounts for a large share of an electric vehicle cost. In this context, making sure that the battery pack life matches the lifetime of the vehicle is critical. The present work proposes a battery aging management framework which is capable of controlling the battery capacity degradation while guaranteeing acceptable vehicle performance in terms of driving range, recharge time, and drivability. The strategy acts on the maximum battery current, and on the depth of discharge. The formalization of the battery management issue leads to a multi-objective, multi-input optimization problem for which we propose an online solution. The algorithm, given the current battery residual capacity and a prediction of the driver's behavior, iteratively selects the best control variables over a suitable control discretization step. We show that the best aging strategy depends on the driving style. The strategy is thus made adaptive by including a self-learnt, Markov-chain-based driving style model in the optimization routine. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed strategy against a trivial strategy and an offline benchmark policy over a life of 200 000 (km).
A comparative study of gallstones from children and adults using FTIR spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy (2002)

Analysis based on FTIR suggest that the composition of black and brown stones from both children and adults are similar. Various layers of the brown stone from adults differ by having varying quantities of cholesterol and calcium carbonate. Ring patterns observed mainly in the green stone using fluorescence microscopy have relevance to the mechanism of the stone formation. Our preliminary study suggests that bilirubin and cholesterol are the main risk factors of gallstone disease.