gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Geochemical Characterization of a Fuel-Contaminated Fractured Bedrock in a Permafrost Environment (2012)

Remediation of a contaminated site to site-specific cleanup standard requires a good understanding of the geochemical characteristics of the site. In this study, the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics of a fuel-contaminated mine site in the Northwest Territories (Canada) was evaluated to understand the active geochemical processes and assess the groundwater quality in comparison to guidelines for the protection of freshwater aquatic life. Groundwater samples were taken from installed monitoring wells across the site and analyzed by field and laboratory methods for dissolved metals; ions; and benzene, toulene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) organic constituents. The results showed that the groundwater is Ca-SO4 type because of ubiquitous occurrence of gypsum dissolution and carbonate weathering. The last sampling at the site showed that the BTEX constituents of interest were above the guideline limits in some locations, but other geochemical indicators showed biodegradation is occurring at the site. The inorganic parameters of interest were generally less than the limits studied with few outliers except iron, aluminum, and nickel. Iron and aluminum have background concentrations above the studied limits. This study underscores the importance of mineralogical composition of the native bedrock on groundwater geochemical processes.
Prevention Better than Cure. Avoiding Steal Syndrome with Proximal Radial or Ulnar Arteriovenous Fistulae (2011)

It is suggested that arterio-venous fistulae using proximal radial or ulnar arteries can be performed before brachio-cephalic fistulae since they offer long-term patency and reduced incidence of steal syndrome. Brachio-cephalic AVF can be performed subsequently if necessary.
Laser methods of detecting vapor explosives in the open atmosphere: Analytical possibilities for counteracting terrorist acts (2011)

Analytical possibilities of methods for recording vapor-phase explosives in the atmosphere, based on diode lasers, laser optics-acoustic spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are considered. At present, these methods are the most sensitive and informative among laser-optical methods of recording trace amounts of vapor-phase matters in the atmosphere. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of building a complex system for detection and identification of explosives in the open atmosphere, located on a telecontrol platform, and including laser gas-analyzers of different types.
Biochemistry and the Central Nervous System (1956)

This textbook on the chemical structure and changes of the nervous system is directed to the advanced student of biochemistry who is interested particularly in the difficult and specialized field of neurochemistry. Unlike the recent monumental symposium, "Neurochemistry: The Chemical Basis of Brain and Nerve," edited by Elliott, Page, and Quastel, and reviewed inThe Journal, Nov. 12, 1955, page 1169, it is a well-integrated volume, written from the viewpoint of a single author. It opens with a competent and succinct general discussion of the metabolism of the intact brain, passes on to a description of the chemical composition of the brain, of the energy transformations taking place in the animal with degradation of high energy compounds during activity and their resynthesis during rest, of chemical and enzymatic events during development of the nervous system, and of the important roles of acetylcholine, sympathin, serotonin, and histamine phosphate and closes with
Measurements of craze velocities in polystyrene‐polybutadiene blends (1993)

Abstract Normally brittle polystyrene (PS) can be toughened effectively by the inclusion of a few weight percent of low molecular weight polybutadiene (PB). The PB, which can be made to phase separate into submicron sized, randomly dispersed pools, locally plasticizes the glassy phase in the vicinity of a growing craze; the resulting reduction in craze flow stress and increased craze velocity lead to significant enhancement of toughness when strain rates are below approximately 10 −1 s −1 . Craze velocities were measured in PS containing 1 to 5 wt % of a low molecular weight PB (2300 g/mol). The results were compared to a version of the interface convolution mechanism for craze growth that has been modified to account for the localized plasticization effect of the low molecular weight diluent. Addition of 5 wt % PB led to craze velocities that are three orders of magnitude larger than observed for pure PS. The model deviated significantly from the experimental data at the higher and of the PB concentration range studied here, but it did exhibit the general form of the observed dependence of craze velocity on PB content. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Retinol binding protein in plasma to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of rats treated with CCl4. (2001)

Retinol binding protein (RBP) in plasma of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was monitored to clarify if RBP is available for the evaluation of the drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Blood was withdrawn by heart puncture at 0 hr and 12 hr after i.p. administration of CCl4 (0.2 ml/kg) to rats. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in plasma significantly increased at 12 hr after CCl4 administration, compared with the control, while RBP in plasma significantly decreased. On the other hand, albumin in plasma was unaffected at 12 hr after CCl4 administration. Thus RBP seems to monitor the different aspects in the drug-induced hepatotoxicity from LDH and ALT, and from the viewpoint of protein synthesis in the liver, to be more sensitively affected by the drug-induced hepatotoxicity than albumin.
Single- and Repeated-dose Local Toxicity in the Nasal Cavity of Rabbits after Intranasal Administration of Different Glycols for Formulations Containing Benzodiazepines (1999)

To furnish a systemic effect after intranasal administration, a formulation must contain the therapeutic dose in no more than 150 L, the maximum volume that can be applied as a single administration in one nostril in man. The objectives of these studies were to examine the local toxicity of formulations containing benzodiazepines and to document the effects to support clinical trials in man. After stability, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of several benzodiazepine formulations, we studied nasal toxicity after single and repeated administration to rabbits of poly(ethylene glycol) 200, tetra(ethylene glycol), glycofurolum and mixtures of these vehicles both with and without benzodiazepines. Single-dose studies with examinations 5 or 10min after application were undertaken with poly(ethylene glycol), tetra(ethylene glycol), glycofurolum and tetra(ethylene glycol)-glycofurolum in the ratio 95:5; the reactions were similar to that after physiological saline. A 14-day repeated-dose study was conducted with diazepam, lorazepam and flunitrazepam formulations in poly(ethylene glycol), and flunitrazepam in poly(ethylene glycol)-glycofurolum in the ratio 70:30; the two vehicles without any benzodiazepine were also examined. Microscopic study revealed mild changes only in the treated groups. A final four-week study was conducted with repeated administration of clonazepam formulated in tetra(ethylene glycol)-glycofurolum in the ratio 95:5; microscopy revealed mild changes after three 150-microL doses daily, but no abnormalities after one or three 100-microL doses daily. It was concluded that these three solvents individually or as mixtures resulted in only mild local toxicity and might be acceptable as vehicles in nasal preparations of benzodiazepines and other non-irritating drugs for short-term use in man.
Multimedia multimodal geocoding (2012)

This work is developed in the context of the placing task of the MediaEval 2011 initiative. The objective is to geocode (or geotag) a set of videos, i.e., automatically assign geographical coordinates to them. This paper presents an architecture for multimodal geocoding that exploits both visual and textual descriptions associated with videos. This work also describes our efforts regarding the implementation of this architecture to demonstrate its applicability. Conducted experiments show how our multimodal approach enhances the results compared to relying on a single modality.
Gloss control in rigid PVC—Part I. Techniques for gloss assessment of rigid PVC profiles (2000)

Abstract This paper describes various techniques for assessing the gloss of PVC extrudates. It discusses the effect of the incident light angle on measured gloss values and the test sensitivity. It also describes the relationship between surface gloss and extrudate roughness, as analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Finally, this paper provides recommendations on the most suitable methods for assessing the gloss of PVC extrudates.
AdCD40L Immunogene Therapy for Bladder Carcinoma—The First Phase I/IIa Trial (2010)

To our knowledge, this is the first report on immunogene therapy in bladder cancer and the first using AdCD40L in vivo. Local AdCD40L gene therapy was safe, boosted immune activation, and should be further evaluated as a single or an adjuvant therapy for urothelial malignancies.
A synthetic peptide containing loop 4 of nerve growth factor for targeted gene delivery (2004)

The chimeric peptide reported will be useful in gene delivery to and gene therapy of the nervous system and other tissues/organs with cells expressing TrkA.
Separation of Epoxy-Embedded Cell Cultures from Plastic Flasks for Electron Microscopy (1980)

Monolayers of cells grown in ordinary plastic flasks are fixed and embedded "in situ" into Epon. When polymerized at 40 C for 4 days instead of the usual 60 C, the Epon sheet containing the cells is easily detached from the bottom of the plastic container. The Epon sheet is observed by light microscopy as a histological preparation. Ultrathin sectioning of preselected areas can then be carried out in a horizontal plane.
Metal−Olefin Bond Energies in M(CO)5(C2H4-nCln) M = Cr, Mo, W; n = 0−4: Electron-Withdrawing Olefins Do Not Increase the Bond Strength (2009)

Metal-olefin bond dissociation enthalpies have been calculated for the series of complexes M(CO)5(C2H(4-n)Cln), M = Cr, Mo, W; n = 0-4 using density functional theory. Experimental values of the bond enthalpies have been measured for M(CO)5(C2H(4-n)Cln) M = Cr, Mo, W; n = 2 (vinyl chloride), 3, and 4 using laser photoacoustic calorimetry in n-hexane solution. Experimental and calculated values indicate that the trend in metal-olefin bond energies is opposite to the electron-withdrawing ability of the olefin, which is counter to expectations based on the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model for metal-olefin bonding. An in-depth analysis of the metal-olefin interaction using a bond energy decomposition scheme implies that the observed and calculated decreasing trend is influenced by the increase in steric interactions and olefin reorganizational energy which is concomitant to the increase of the number of electron-withdrawing halogen atoms.
Flexible Ultra Low Power Successive Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter with Asynchronous Clock Generator (2007)

An ultra low power 8-bit current-mode successive approximation (SAR) analog-to-digital (ADC) converter for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications is presented. The proposed ADC contains a new asynchronous clock generator, which works only during data processing and is turned off afterwards, thus enabling a power saving mode. The clock generator is controlled by a bias current, and can be adjusted for a wide range of sampling frequencies. The proposed ADC with the clock generator occupy a chip area of 3500 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and dissipate 400 nW power from a 0.6 V supply voltage in a CMOS 0.18-mum technology, enabling input data processing with a frequency of 100 kHz.
"Low Dose" Metformin Improves Hyperglycemia Better Than Acarbose in Type 2 Diabetics (2004)

In conclusion, "low dose" metformin therapy improved glycemic control better than acarbose in non-obese diabetics.
Case report: “C-SHAPED MANAGEMENT CON SISTEMA THERMAFIL” (2013)

L’anatomia del secondo molare mandibolare è altamente variabile. I canali C-Shaped rappresentano una sfida per il clinico nella sagomatura, detersione, ma soprattutto durante la fase di otturazione. Lo scopo del seguente lavoro è illustrare la versatilità del sistema Thermafil in questo tipo di anatomie canalari. Viene presentato un case series di 3 secondi molari mandibolari C-Shaped destinati altrattamento endodontico. Glide path e sagomatura sono stati eseguiti con PathFile e ProTaper fino ad F2. EDTA 10% e NaOCl 5% sono stati usati come irriganti. L’otturazione è stata eseguita con sistema Thermafil. I controlli radiografici mostrano un’adeguata distribuzione della guttaperca ed un omogeneo sigillo apicale. A due anni i casi risultano asintomatici e si evidenzia la guarigione periradicolare. La tecnica presentata sembra facilitare la gestione della complessa anatomia canalare C-Shape. The anatomy of mandibular second molar is highly variable. C-Shaped canals rapresent a challenge for the clinician in saping, cleaning, but mainly during obturation. The aim of this study is to illustrate the versatility of Thermafil System in such complex anatomy. A case series of 3 C-shaped mandibular second scheduled for root canal treatment is presented. Glide path and shaping were performed with PathFile e ProTaper up to F2. EDTA 10% and NaOCl 5% solutions were utilised as irrigants. Obturation was accomplished with Thermafil system. Radiographic imaging showed an adequate distribution of thermoplasticised guttapercha with homogeneous apical seal. At 2 years follow up all cases appeared symptoms-free and showed periradicular health. The present technique appeared user-friendly and reliable in managing complex C-Shaped anatomy.
Hardware emulation board based on FPGAs and programmable interconnections (2002)

Describes a hardware emulation board based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and programmable interconnect switches to overcome the limitations of traditional verifications for ASIC designs. Both hardwired buses and programmable buses, via switches, contribute to the interconnection between the FPGAs. With a microprocessor and two EPROMs, the board is designed so that the microprocessor itself can be a part of emulation, in addition to downloading configuration data and testing. Finally presented is the software tool tailored to this board. It automatically partitions the design among multiple FPGAs, programs the switches and facilitates the design and verification process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pose Variant Based Comparative Analysis of PCA and LDA (2009)

Principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher discriminate analysis (FDA) of holistic approach of Information theory have been analyzed. Two steps for recognition are taken: training and testing. In the training phase a set of the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the images used for training. These eigenvectors are also called as eigenfaces. In testing phase when a new input image is given for recognition, this image will be projected into the eigenspace by using the already calculated eigenvectors. Test image will be compared with all the images in the eigenspace and measures the Euclidean distance. The image with the lowest Euclidean distance is the matched image if the distance lies below some threshold value. Both algorithms works in the same manner, the difference lies in the calculation of face space. These two algorithms are evaluated experimentally on two databases each with the moderate subject size. Analysis and experimental results indicates that the PCA works well when the lightening variation is small. LDA works gives better accuracy in facial expression.
Efficient computation of multiple diffracted short-pulses using ray fields (2005)

Author(s): Erricolo, D; Capolino, F; Albani, M | Abstract: Numerically efficient results for short pulse propagation in a complex environment is presented in terms of multiple diffraction. As such, the time domain (TD) diffraction propagators are based on discretization of a generic short-pulse in terms of narrow rectangles, and on closed form representations of diffracted fields when the excitation is a narrow rectangular pulse.
Claudin-10 exists in six alternatively spliced isoforms that exhibit distinct localization and function (2009)

The tight junction protein claudin-10 is known to exist in two isoforms, resulting from two alternative exons, 1a and 1b (Cldn10a, Cldn10b). Here, we identified and characterized another four claudin-10 splice variants in mouse and human. One (Cldn10a_v1) results from an alternative splice donor site, causing a deletion of the last 57 nucleotides of exon 1a. For each of these three variants one further splice variant was identified (Cldn10a_v2, Cldn10a_v3, Cldn10b_v1), lacking exon 4. When transfected into MDCK cells, Cldn10a, Cldn10a_v1 and Cldn10b were inserted into the tight junction, whereas isoforms of splice variants lacking exon 4 were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cldn10a transfection into MDCK cells confirmed the previously described increase in paracellular anion permeability. Cldn10a_v1 transfection had no direct effect, but modulated Cldn10a-induced organic anion permeability. At variance with previous reports in MDCK-II cells, transfection of high-resistance MDCK-C7 cells with Cldn10b dramatically decreased transepithelial resistance, increased cation permeability, and changed monovalent cation selectivity from Eisenman sequence IV to X, indicating the presence of a high field-strength binding site that almost completely removes the hydration shell of the permeating cations. The extent of all these effects strongly depended on the endogenous claudins of the transfected cells.
Immune dysfunction in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (2008)

There is increasing evidence for involvement of the immune system in functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), including onset after acute gastrointestinal infections, genotypes resulting in altered cytokine expression and abnormal presence of immune cells. Our aim was to assess cellular and humoral immune responses in (i) FGIDs, compared to healthy subjects and (ii) acute vs unspecified onset FGIDs. Lymphocytic [interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)] and monocytic [IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] cytokine production was characterized at baseline and after stimulation with phytohemagglutinine and anti-CD28 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in controls (n = 32), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (n = 30), functional dyspepsia (FD) (n = 23) and non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) (n = 15). Serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were compared, and the immunophenotype was assessed using fluorescent-activated cell sorter. Findings were compared for acute vs unspecified onset FGID. Compared to controls, stimulated lymphocyte expression of IL-5 and IL-13 was enhanced in IBS, FD and NCCP (all P < 0.05). Conversely, the stimulated monocytic IL-12 and lymphocytic IL-10 expression were reduced in IBS and FD, while IFN-gamma expression was also reduced in FD patients. Except for an increase in the numbers of CD3(+)CD45RA(+)CD45RO(+) cells, no distinct cellular profile was detected. Patients with a presumed acute onset of their symptoms had higher serum IL-10 levels and more CD3(+)CD45RA(+)CD45RO(+) cells, while TNF-alpha levels following stimulation with LPS were higher in FD patients reporting an acute onset. A shift towards a Th2 cytokine profile is present in FGID, while the cellular immunophenotype remains largely unchanged. Further research is indicated and could provide new therapeutic strategies for these disorders.
Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteremia by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay: Evaluation in a Rat Model of Peritonitis (1985)

A spectrophotometric Limulus amebocyte lysate assay using lysis filtration and centrifugation has been developed for the detection of gram-negative bacteria in blood. The assay is directed at detection of endotoxin in viable and nonviable bacteria present in the blood-stream and not detection of free endotoxin in plasma. The assay was evaluated in a model of peritonitis in which rats were challenged with an inoculum consisting of sterilized human feces, barium sulfate, and one of eight species of bacteria. This assay was able to detect gram-negative bacteremia due to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the rat model when compared with sham-inoculated uninfected rats. The assay failed to detect bacteremia due to Bacteroides fragilis or Staphylococcus aureus, nor was there a significant rise in absorbance when a pellet containing sterilized feces was implanted in the rat.
Design and Evaluation of On-the-Head Spatial Tactile Patterns (2020)

We propose around-the-head spatial vibrotactile patterns for representing different kinds of notifications. The patterns are defined in terms of stimulus location, intensity profile, rhythm, and roughness modulation. A first study evaluates recall and distinguishability of 30 patterns, as well as agreement on meaning without a predetermined context: Agreement is low, yet the recognition rate is surprisingly high. We identify which kinds of patterns users recognize well and which ones they prefer. Static stimulus location patterns have a higher recognition rate than dynamic patterns, which move across the head as they play. Participants preferred dynamic patterns for comfort. A second study shows that participants are able to distinguish substantially more around-the-head spatial patterns than smartphone-based patterns. Spatial location has the highest positive impact on accuracy among the examined features, so this parameter allows for a large number of levels.