gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DPSK Modulation Using a Microring Modulator (2011)

We present the first experimental demonstration of DPSK modulation using a microring modulator. A 250-Mb/s electro-optic silicon microring modulator is shown with a measured 2-dB power penalty in comparison to a commercial LiNbO3 phase modulator.
Performance Verification of the Three-Gorges - Shanghai HVDC Thyristor Modules (2006)

The design of three-Gorges - Shanghai (3GS) HVDC thyristor valves is identical to those used in previous two HVDC transmission projects from three-Gorges hydroelectric power plant. Operational type tests and sample tests of 3GS thyristor valves / modules were re-performed in the synthetic test circuit. The same test parameters are used in test of thyristor modules in all (three-Gorges) 3G HVDC projects. These parameters stress the test object equal to or greater than those that are foreseen to appear in service. Fifteen and seven 3GS thyristor modules successfully passed the operational type test and sample test respectively.
All-solid-state Kerr lens mode-locked Cr 4+ :forsteritelaser (1996)

We describe a compact, self-mode-locked, tunable (in the second telecommunications window) all-solid-state, Cr4+:forsterite laser generating transform limited sub 70 fs pulses.
Podands (2012)

Abstract The term podand, originally applied to alkali metal cation‐binding ligands with two or more pendant polyether arms, has expanded in usage and concept to encompass a vast range of cation‐ and anion‐binding receptors as well as hosts for molecular guests based on a multibinding‐site, acyclic structure. The multiarmed podands lead naturally into the key concept of multivalency and they are the conceptual precursors of dendrimers. This chapter covers the core concepts behind classical alkali metal cation‐binding podands and surveys the basics of a range of cation‐binding podands as well as highlights the huge diversity of anion‐binding podands that has arisen in recent years. A flavor of the state of the art and future direction of podands for molecular guests is also noted.
Variable structure extremum seeking control based on sliding mode gradient estimation for a class of nonlinear systems (2009)

This paper presents a new approach to extremum seeking control for a class of single-input-single-output nonlinear systems. With the analytic form of the performance function unknown a priori, a sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the gradient of the performance map. Based on the estimated gradient, a variable structure controller is proposed to search for the optimal operating point. We establish the conditions for the system states to enter a neighborhood of the optimal operating point, and obtain an ultimate bound on the size of the neighborhood. The robustness of the proposed controller is also discussed with respect to unmodeled fast dynamics and measurement noise.
The single-step synthesis of a DNA tetrahedronElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: stoichiometry control. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b402293a/ (2004)

A tetrahedral nanostructure whose edges are DNA double helices self-assembles spontaneously when four appropriately designed oligonucleotides are annealed together in solution; the ease of synthesis, rigidity, and adaptability of this construct make it a promising candidate as a cage for other large molecules and as a building block for more complicated nanostructures.
Learning Driving Models with a Surround-View Camera System and a Route Planner. (2018)

For people, having a rear-view mirror and side-view mirrors is vital for safe driving. They deliver a better view of what happens around the car. Human drivers also heavily exploit their mental map for navigation. Nonetheless, several methods have been published that learn driving models with only a front-facing camera and without a route planner. This lack of information renders the self-driving task quite intractable. Hence, we investigate the problem with a more realistic setting, which consists of a surround-view camera system with eight cameras, a route planner, and a CAN bus reader. In particular, we develop a sensor setup that provides data for a 360-degree view of the area surrounding the vehicle, the driving route to the destination, and the low-level driving maneuvers (e.g. steering angle and speed) by human drivers. With such sensor setup we collect a new driving dataset, covering diverse driving scenarios and varying weather/illumination conditions. Finally, we learn a novel driving model by integrating information from the surround-view cameras and the route planner. Two route planners are exploited: one based on OpenStreetMap and the other on TomTom Maps. The route planners are exploited in two ways: 1) by representing the planned routes as a stack of GPS coordinates, and 2) by rendering the planned routes on a map and recording the progression into a video. Our experiments show that: 1) 360-degree surround-view cameras help avoid failures made with a single front-view camera for the driving task; and 2) a route planner helps the driving task significantly. We acknowledge that our method is not the best-ever driving model, but that is not our focus. Rather, it provides a strong basis for further academic research, especially on driving relevant tasks by integrating information from street-view images and the planned driving routes. Code and data will be made available.
Construction of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of swine vesicular disease virus strain NET/1/92 and analysis of new antigenic variants derived from it (2000)

The Dutch swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) isolate NET/1/92 was one of the first isolates belonging to a new SVDV antigenic group. This strain was completely sequenced and was shown to have 93% similarity with the UKG/27/72 isolate. To enable antigenicity, replication, maturation and pathogenicity studies of NET/1/92, an infectious full-length cDNA clone, designated pSVD146, was prepared. The in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the virus derived from pSVD146 were studied by analysing antigenicity, plaque morphology, growth curves and virulence in pigs. The epitopes of newly prepared monoclonal antibodies were roughly mapped by fusion-PCR. Fine mapping of epitopes at the amino acid level was achieved by introducing single amino acid mutations in pSVD146. Two new amino acids important in epitope formation were located in VP1; one was mapped in the C-terminal end and the second is thought to be located in the H-I loop. Growth curve and plaque sizes in vitro were similar between virus derived from pSVD146 and the parent wild-type virus. In virulence studies in pigs, the lesions score, neutralization titres and the seroconversion rates were comparable between virus derived from pSVD146 and the parent strain. Since virus derived from pSVD146 had the same biological properties as the parent strain NET/1/92, the full-length infectious cDNA clone pSVD146 will be very useful in studies of the antigenicity, virulence, pathogenesis, maturation and replication of SVDV.
A Unifying Computational Framework for Teaching and Active Learning (2019)

Traditionally, learning has been modeled as passively obtaining information or actively exploring the environment. Recent research has introduced models of learning from teachers that involve reasoning about why they have selected particular evidence. We introduce a computational framework that takes a critical step toward unifying active learning and teaching by recognizing that meta-reasoning underlying reasoning about others can be applied to reasoning about oneself. The resulting Self-Teaching model captures much of the behavior of information-gain-based active learning with elements of hypothesis-testing-based active learning and can thus be considered as a formalization of active learning within the broader teaching framework. We present simulation experiments that characterize the behavior of the model within three simple and well-investigated learning problems. We conclude by discussing such theory-of-mind-based learning in the context of core cognition and cognitive development.
A new optical method for characterizing single molecule interactions based on dark field microscopy (2007)

Single-molecule techniques continue to gain in popularity in research disciplines such as the study of intermolecular interactions. These techniques provide information that otherwise would be lost by using bulk measurements that deal with a large number of molecules. We describe in this report the motion of tethered DNA molecules that have been tagged with gold nanobeads and observed under dark field microscopy to study single molecular interactions (SMI). We further report on the derivation and use of several physical parameters and how these parameters change under differing experimental conditions.
Absolute Konfiguration von Picrocrocin (1973)

Abstract By correlation with (−)‐3‐methoxy‐β‐jonone picrocrocin has been shown to have R ‐configuration.
Carbohydrate-response Element-binding Protein Deletion Alters Substrate Utilization Producing an Energy-deficient Liver (2007)

Livers from mice lacking the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) were compared with wild type (WT) mice to determine the effect of this transcription factor on hepatic energy metabolism. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was considerably more active in ChREBP(-/-) mice because of diminished pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity. Greater pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity caused a stimulation of lactate and pyruvate oxidation, and it significantly impaired fatty acid oxidation in perfused livers from ChREBP(-/-) mice. This shift in mitochondrial substrate utilization led to a 3-fold reduction of the free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio, a 1.7-fold increase in the free mitochondrial [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio, and a 2-fold decrease in the free cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP][P(i)] ratio in the ChREBP(-/-) liver compared with control. Hepatic pyruvate carboxylase flux was impaired with ChREBP deletion secondary to decreased fatty acid oxidation, increased pyruvate oxidation, and limited pyruvate availability because of reduced activity of liver pyruvate kinase and malic enzyme, which replenish pyruvate via glycolysis and pyruvate cycling. Overall, the shift from fat utilization to pyruvate and lactate utilization resulted in a decrease in the energy of ATP hydrolysis and a hypo-energetic state in the livers of ChREBP(-/-) mice.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline, Poly(3-fluoroaniline), and Poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) Derivatives Obtained by Chemical Oxidative Polymerization Methods (2017)

The syntheses of thermally stable, conducting polyaniline, poly(3-fluoroaniline), and poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives by chemical oxidative polymerization methods are described. By varying the mol% of 3-fluoroaniline in the monomer feed, a series of new poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives with different chemical compositions were prepared by chemical oxidative copolymerization methods using ammonium persulfate as oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid as the dopant. The chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline with 3-fluoroaniline affords poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives with increased solubility properties, greater thermal stability, improved morphological control, and enhanced electrical characteristics, which promotes the processibility of the different fluorine-functionalized polyaniline derivatives when compared with the parent polyaniline homopolymer.Poly(3-fluoroaniline) and the different poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives show better solubility and thermal stability than the polyaniline homopolymer, due to the incorporation of the F atoms along the fluorine-functionalized polyaniline backbone. Furthermore, the poly(3-fluoroaniline) homopolymer is thermally more stable than the polyaniline homopolymer due to the presence of the C–F bonds of the 3-fluoroaniline units along the polymer backbone. The electrical conductivity of the different poly(3-fluoroaniline) derivatives is dependent on the 3-fluoroaniline content in the polymer derivative and the morphology of the specific copolymer. The poly(3-fluoroaniline) homopolymer exhibits the lowest electrical conductivity. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the different poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) derivatives decreases with increasing 3-fluoroaniline content in the copolymer. The different polymer derivatives were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements.
Learning to Generalize Unseen Domains via Memory-based Multi-Source Meta-Learning for Person Re-Identification (2021)

Recent advances in person re-identification (ReID) obtain impressive accuracy in the supervised and unsupervised learning settings. However, most of the existing methods need to train a new model for a new domain by accessing data. Due to public privacy, the new domain data are not always accessible, leading to a limited applicability of these methods. In this paper, we study the problem of multi-source domain generalization in ReID, which aims to learn a model that can perform well on unseen domains with only several labeled source domains. To address this problem, we propose the Memory-based Multi-Source Meta-Learning (M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> L) framework to train a generalizable model for unseen domains. Specifically, a meta-learning strategy is introduced to simulate the train-test process of domain generalization for learning more generalizable models. To overcome the unstable meta-optimization caused by the parametric classifier, we propose a memory-based identification loss that is non-parametric and harmonizes with meta-learning. We also present a meta batch normalization layer (MetaBN) to diversify meta-test features, further establishing the advantage of meta-learning. Experiments demonstrate that our M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> L can effectively enhance the generalization ability of the model for unseen domains and can outperform the state-of-the-art methods on four large-scale ReID datasets.
Pore-like diffusion barriers in murine cardiac myocytes (2023)

Using both optical and electrical methods, we document that solute diffusion in the cytoplasm of BL6 murine cardiac myocytes becomes restricted >30-fold as molecular weight increases from 30 to 2000, roughly as expected for pores with dimensions of cardiac porin channels. The Bodipy-FL ATP analogue diffuses ∼50-fold slower in BL6 cardiac cytoplasm than in free water. From several fluorophores analyzed, our estimates of bound fluorophore fractions range from 0.1 for a 2 kD FITC-labeled polyethylene glycol to 0.93 for sulforhodamine. We estimate that diffusion coefficients of unbound fluorophores range from 0.5 to 8 x 10 <sup>-7</sup> cm <sup>2</sup> /s. Analysis of Na/K pump and veratridine-modified Na channel currents confirms that Na diffusion is nearly unrestricted (time constant for equilibration with the pipette tip, ∼20 s). Using three different approaches, we estimate that ATP diffuses 8 to 10-times slower in the cytoplasm of BL6 myocytes than in free water. To address whether restrictions are caused more by cytoplasmic protein or membrane networks, we verified first that a protein gel, 10 gram% gelatin, restricts solute diffusion with strong dependence on molecular weight. Solute diffusion in membrane-extracted cardiac myofilaments, confined laterally by suction into large-diameter pipette tips, is however less restricted than in intact myocytes. Notably, myofilaments from equivalently extracted skeletal (diaphragm) myocytes restrict diffusion less than cardiac myofilaments. Solute diffusion in myocytes with sarcolemma permeabilized by β-escin (80 µM) is similarly restricted as in intact myocytes. Diffusion restriction in cardiac myocytes is strain-dependent, being about two-fold greater in BL6 myocytes than in myocytes with a CD1/J6/129svJ background. Furthermore, diffusion is 2.5-fold more restricted in CD1/J6/129svJ myocytes lacking the mitochondrial porin, Vdac1, than in WT CD1/J6/129svJ myocytes. We conclude that both myofilaments and mitochondria networks restrict diffusion in cardiac myocytes. As a result, long-range solute diffusion may preferentially occur via passage through porin channels and intramembrane mitochondrial spaces, where diffusion is less restricted than in myofilament spaces.
Analysis of Regional Scale Risk of Whirling Disease in Populations of Colorado and Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Using a Bayesian Belief Network Model (2014)

Introduction and spread of the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, has contributed to the collapse of wild trout populations throughout the intermountain west. Of concern is the risk the disease may have on conservation and recovery of native cutthroat trout. We employed a Bayesian belief network to assess probability of whirling disease in Colorado River and Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus and Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis, respectively) within their current ranges in the southwest United States. Available habitat (as defined by gradient and elevation) for intermediate oligochaete worm host, Tubifex tubifex, exerted the greatest influence on the likelihood of infection, yet prevalence of stream barriers also affected the risk outcome. Management areas that had the highest likelihood of infected Colorado River cutthroat trout were in the eastern portion of their range, although the probability of infection was highest for populations in the southern, San Juan subbasin. Rio Grande cutthroat trout had a relatively low likelihood of infection, with populations in the southernmost Pecos management area predicted to be at greatest risk. The Bayesian risk assessment model predicted the likelihood of whirling disease infection from its principal transmission vector, fish movement, and suggested that barriers may be effective in reducing risk of exposure to native trout populations. Data gaps, especially with regard to location of spawning, highlighted the importance in developing monitoring plans that support future risk assessments and adaptive management for subspecies of cutthroat trout.
Durable antimicrobial finish of cotton fabrics (2007)

Abstract Cotton fabrics were treated with Biopag, which does not have any functional groups that are reactive toward cellulose, using crosslinking agents or a binder, for the purpose of imparting a durable antimicrobial finish. In this respect, it was found that the crosslinking agents were more effective than the binder. It was confirmed by FT‐IR that the characteristic split peaks of Biopag were still seen even after repeated launderings. The crosslinking agents deteriorated the whiteness and tensile strength of the Biopag‐treated cotton fabrics, while the wrinkle recovery angles (WRAs) were significantly improved. The one‐step padding of Biopag and the crosslinking agent was found to be superior to the two‐step padding method in which Biopag padding was followed by padding of crosslinking agent in respect of WRA, whereas the whiteness and tensile strength were vice versa. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Two modifications of efficient newton-type iterative method and two variants of Super-Halley’s method for solving nonlinear equations (2018)

The root-fnding problem of a univariate nonlinear equation is a fundamental and long-studied problem, and has wide applications in mathematics and engineering computation. In this paper, two modified Newton-type methods and two variants of Super-Halley’s method to solve nonlinear equations are brou ght forward. Analytical discussions are reported and the theoretical efficiency of the methods is studied. Both of Algorithms 1 and 2 require three evaluations of the functions and two evaluations of derivatives at each iteration. Therefore the efficiency indices of Algorithms 1 and 2 are 1.431 and 1.476, respectively. The presented variants of Super-Halley’s methods require two evaluations of the functions and two evaluations of derivatives at each iteration. Therefore the efficiency indices of Algorithms 3 and 4 are 1.565. Hence, all efficiency indices of the proposed algorithms are better than that of classical Newton’s method 1.414. All of the proposed algorithms in this paper are free from second derivatives. Some numerical results are finally provided to support the theoretical discussions of the proposed methods.
Integrated lung ultrasound score for early clinical decision-making in patients with COVID-19: results and implications (2022)

i-LUS could be used as a helpful clinical tool for early decision-making in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Performance measures and Lagrange multiplier methods to two-band PR LP filter bank design (2002)

In this paper, we study performance measures for designing two-band perfect reconstruction (PR) linear phase (LP) filter bank. Based on these performance metrics, we formulate the design problem as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem, where some metrics such as stopband energy have closed form, but the others like transition width do not. Our formulation allows us to search for designs that improve over the existing designs. More important, given user-specified performance bounds such as maximal transition width, we are able to design filter banks if solutions exist, and trade-off among different performance metrics can be easily achieved. Finally, many experimental results show feasibility and efficiency of our filter bank design method.
Simple chemicals can induce maturation and apoptosis of dendritic cells (1999)

As is well known in the case of Langerhans cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the initiation of immunity to simple chemicals such as noted in the contact hypersensitivity. Because DCs are scattered in non-lymphoid organs as immature cells, they must be activated to initiate primary antigen-specific immune reactions. Therefore, we hypothesized that some simple chemicals must affect the function of DCs. In this paper, we first demonstrated that human monocyte-derived DCs responded to such simple chemicals as 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), NiCl2, MnCl2, CoCl2, SnCl2, and CdSO4 by augmenting their expression of CD86 or human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), down-regulating c-Fms expression or increasing their production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In addition, the DCs stimulated with the chemicals demonstrated increased allogeneic T-cell stimulatory function. Next, we found that, among these chemicals, only NiCl2 and CoCl2 induced apoptosis in them. Finally, we examined the effects of these chemicals on CD86 expression by three different macrophage subsets and DCs induced from the cultures of human peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), M-CSF + interleukin-4 (IL-4), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and GM-CSF + IL-4, respectively. Among them, only DCs dramatically augmented their expression of CD86. These observations have revealed unique characteristics of DCs, which convert chemical stimuli to augmentation of their antigen presenting function, although their responses to different chemicals were not necessarily uniform in the phenotypic changes, cytokine production or in the induction of apoptosis.