gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Deterministic Propagation Models Approach and Comparison With Calibrated Empirical Models (2015)

Since the development of wireless cellular networks in the early 1970s, their unpredictable success has led to particular interest in developing accurate propagation models, particularly for indoor environments where small cells are deployed. Many propagation models have been proposed in literature, and they are classified into three major categories, i.e., empirical, semiempirical, and deterministic models. Deterministic models such as ray tracing and radiosity are very attractive due to their accuracy, but their 3-D formulation makes them tedious to use, and their migration to a 2-D representation becomes a necessity. In this paper, we propose to develop and implement a 2-D approach for ray tracing and radiosity that allows saving memory and processing time while maintaining prediction accuracy. The performance of the two methods is evaluated using measurements taken in the CITI laboratory building. It is shown that 2-D radiosity meets the ITU accuracy statistics recommendations for a 2.4-GHz indoor test environment with a mean error near to zero and a standard deviation of 5.98 dB. The comparison to 2-D ray tracing and an empirical calibrated model such as log-normal shadowing and the Cheung model shows that 2-D radiosity is the most accurate and saves more than 70% of the processing time compared with 2-D ray tracing while using almost the same memory load.
Mixed quantum classical rate theory for dissipative systems (2002)

Numerically exact solutions for the quantum rate of potential barrier crossing in dissipative systems are only possible for highly idealized systems. It is, therefore, of interest to develop approximate theories of more general applicability. In this paper we formulate a mixed quantum classical thermodynamical rate theory for dissipative systems. The theory consists of two parts. The evaluation of a thermal flux and the computation of the classically evolved product projection operator. Since the dividing surface is perpendicular to the unstable normal mode of the dissipative system, we reformulate the theory in terms of the unstable normal mode and a collective bath mode. The influence functional for the thermal flux matrix elements in this representation is derived. The classical mechanics are reformulated in terms of the same two degrees of freedom. The one-dimensional Langevin equation for the system coordinate is replaced by a coupled set of Langevin equations for the unstable normal mode and the collective bath mode. The resulting rate expression is given in the continuum limit, so that computation of the rate does not necessitate a discretization of the bath modes. To overcome the necessity of computing a multidimensional Fourier transform of the matrix elements of the thermal flux operator, we adapt, as in previous studies, a method of Creswick [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 9, 693 (1995)], by which only a one-dimensional Fourier transform is needed. This transform is computed by quadrature. The resulting theory is tested against the landmark numerical results of Topaler and Makri [J. Chem. Phys. 101, 7500 (1994)] obtained for barrier crossing in a symmetric double well potential. We find that mixed quantum classical rate theory (MQCLT) provides a substantial improvement over our previous quantum transition state theory as well as centroid transition state theory computations and is in overall good agreement with the exact results.
Fullerene‐like WS2 Nanoparticles: Superior Lubricants for Harsh Conditions (2003)

Abstract WS 2 nanoparticles with closed‐cage structure (fullerene‐like IF) are already being synthesized in macroscopic amounts from the respective oxide nanoparticles. They have been studied as superior solid lubricants under harsh conditions in recent years. Under severe contact conditions both fluids and greases are squeezed out from the contact area and consequently do not provide adequate lubrication conditions. Addition of even a small amount of IF nanoparticles to the oil was found to reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate, and increase the load‐bearing capacity of the friction pairs. Furthermore, IF nanoparticles were impregnated into polymer and metal coatings and into self‐lubricating porous metal parts, and were found to alleviate both friction and wear remarkably well. In another set of experiments, IF nanoparticles were shown to provide excellent tribological behavior for the contact between a ceramic alumina block and silicon nitride ball.The mechanism for the impro ved tribological behavior of the IF nanoparticles is being investigated. In addition to the rolling friction, gradual exfoliation of the IF onions and transfer of monomolecular WS 2 sheets onto the metal surface (third body transfer) is shown to play a major role in alleviating friction and wear. This work suggests numerous applications for this new solid‐state nanolubricant.
Supplementary Table 1 from EZH2-Regulated DAB2IP Is a Medulloblastoma Tumor Suppressor and a Positive Marker for Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 79KB, (A) Microarray datasets characteristics. (B) List of tumor suppressor genes, established by interrogating the Amigo and NCBI Gene Ontology (GO) databases.&lt;/p&gt;
Improving Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers through Silica-Based Surface Nanoengineering (2020)

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely used materials in structural and transport applications owing to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. In GFRPs, mechanical properties are mainly governed by the filler-to-matrix interphase region, which need to be rationally designed and carefully engineered to optimize the composite performance. However, the structural and chemical parameters that optimize mechanical performance are partially unknown. Here, we report on different surface nanoengineering strategies and their effect on the mechanical properties of GFRPs. Commercial woven glass fibers (wGFs) are modified with several distinct silica-based nanostructured coatings that provide different pore sizes, surface areas, and adhesion energies. To study their mechanical properties, epoxy–wGF laminated composites are manufactured and characterized using sliding contact, tensile, and three-point bending tests. Composites based on coated wGFs generally show improved mechanical performance over those based on bare wGFs. In particular, wGFs coated with mesoporous silica films display the highest specific surface areas, pore sizes and adhesion energies and provide the highest Young’s and flexural modulus, with up to 31% improvement with respect to composites based on bare wGFs. The improvement of the composite’s mechanical properties with the wGFs coating is related to a better stress distribution and a homogeneous loading transfer at the polymer–GF interphase. Overall, this study provides insights on how GFRP’s mechanical properties can be boosted beyond the current state-of-the-art by the rational design of its interphase.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally‐Constrained Peptides. Chirospecific Synthesis of 4‐Alkyl‐Substituted γ‐Lactam‐Bridged Dipeptides from L‐Aspartic Acid. (1989)

Abstract Starting with the N‐protected amino diester (II), prepared from L‐aspartic acid (I), the synthesis of dipeptide analogues is described.
Wot the L (2018)

The NP-hard Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree (RSMT) problem has been studied in the VLSI physical design literature for well over three decades. Fast estimators of RSMT cost (which reflects routed wirelength) are a required ingredient of modern physical planning and global placement methods. Constructive estimators build heuristic RSMTs whose costs are used as wirelength estimates; notably, these include FLUTE[8]. Analytic and lookup table-based estimators include the methods of Cheng[7] and Caldwell et al. [3]; the latter is based on both the number of points and the aspect ratio of the pointset in the RSMT instance. We observe that the physical design literature has numerous evaluations of RSMT heuristics and estimators on random pointsets, and that the relative merits of heuristics and estimators have been determined based on this use of random pointsets. In this paper, we show that a pointset attribute which we call L-ness highlights the difference between real placements and random placements of net pins. We explain why placements of netlists in practice result in pointsets with much higher L-ness than random pointsets, and we confirm this difference empirically for both academic and commercial placement tools. We further present an improved lookup table-based RSMT cost estimator that includes an L-ness parameter. Last, we illustrate how differences between Steiner tree heuristics can change depending on whether real or random pointsets are used in the evaluation.
Using GC-FID to Quantify the Removal of 4-sec-Butylphenol from NGS Solvent by NaOH (2014)

A caustic wash of the solvent used in the Next-Generation Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (NG-CSSX) process was found to remove the modifier breakdown product 4-sec-butylphenol (SBP) with varying efficiency depending on the aqueous NaOH concentration. Recent efforts at ORNL have aimed at characterizing the flowsheet chemistry and reducing the technical uncertainties of the NG-CSSX process. One technical uncertainty has been the efficacy of caustic washing of the solvent for the removal of lipophilic anions, in particular, the efficient removal of SBP, an important degradation product of the solvent modifier, Cs-7SB. In order to make this determination, it was necessary to develop a sensitive and reliable analytical technique for the detection and quantitation of SBP. This report recounts the development of a GC-FID-based (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection) technique for analyzing SBP and the utilization of the technique to subsequently confirm the ability of the caustic wash to efficiently remove SBP from the Next Generation Solvent (NGS) used in NG-CSSX. In particular, the developed technique was used to monitor the amount of SBP removed from a simple solvent and the full NGS by contact with sodium hydroxide wash solutions over a range of concentrations. The results show that caustic washing removes SBP with effectively the same efficiency as it did in the original Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process.
Purification and production of Plasmodium falciparum zygotes from in vitro culture using magnetic column and Percoll density gradient (2020)

The combined approach of using two MACS columns and two Percoll density gradients yielded zygotes with very high purity (45-fold enrichment and a pure population of zygotes [approximately 100%]) that was devoid of contamination by other parasite stages and uninfected RBCs. These enriched zygotes, free from earlier parasites stages and mosquito-derived macromolecules, can be used to further elucidate the biology and developmental processes of Plasmodium.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the chemistry involved in tin oxide film growth during chemical vapor deposition processes (2012)

The chemistry of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) processes is believed to be complex, and detailed reports on reaction mechanisms are scarce. Here, the authors investigated the reaction mechanism of monobutyl tinchloride (MBTC) and water during SnO2 thin film growth using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XPS results indicate an acid–base hydrolysis reaction mechanism, which is tested with multilayer experiments, demonstrating self-terminating growth. In-house developed TEM wafers are used to visualize nucleation during these multilayer experiments, and results are compared with TEM results of APCVD samples. Results show almost identical nucleation behavior implying that their growth mechanism is identical. Our experiments suggest that in APCVD, when using MBTC and water, SnO2 film growth occurs via a heterolytic bond splitting of the Sn-Cl bonds without the need to invoke gas-phase radical or coordination chemistry of the MBTC precursor.
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor augments the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor. (1990)

Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that neuroendocrine hormones may participate in immunologic processes. In our study we have determined that UK-14304 (UK) and norepinephrine (NE), both alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, can augment LPS-stimulated TNF from elicited macrophages (MO). The increase in TNF production was concentration dependent with an EC50 for UK and NE of 8.1 +/- 2.6 and 0.52 +/- 0.17 nM, respectively. The concentration-effect curve for UK and NE was shifted to the right by the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine (10(-6) M), with new EC50 of 49.7 +/- 12.2 (p less than 0.001) nM and 10.3 +/- 22 nM. The augmenting effect of UK on MO TNF production was assessed over a 7 log LPS response curve. Within a single population of MO 10 nM UK shifted the LPS-induced TNF curve eightfold to the left with the greatest increase in TNF production at lower LPS concentrations. At the transcriptional level, Northern blot analysis demonstrated that UK increased LPS-induced TNF mRNA accumulation. This augmentation in TNF mRNA accumulation was blocked by yohimbine. The presence of a MO alpha-adrenergic receptor was established by demonstrating binding of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist 3H-yohimbine to membranes prepared from MO. This binding was rapid, saturable, reversible, and blocked by UK, clonidine, and phentolamine. These investigations support the role of alpha 2 adrenergic agonists as immunostaining compounds that may regulate cytokine production during an inflammatory response.
Electromigration study of copper lines on steps prepared by a plasma-based etch process (2012)

The electromigration phenomenon of the copper line etched with a plasma-based process over the SiNx step has been investigated. Two important factors, i.e., the dielectric topography and the stress temperature, were examined using the accelerated isothermal electromigration method. The activation energy of 0.73 eV to 0.89 eV indicates two possible mass transport pathways: interfacial and copper surface diffusions. The copper line on the SiNx step has a shorter lifetime and a smaller activation energy than the copper line on the flat surface has. For the former, voids were formed at the cusp region and perpendicular to the current flow direction. For the latter, voids were formed in series and parallel to the current flow direction. The “neck” structure at the cusp region, which is a result of the inappropriate etching condition, further decreased the lifetime and the activation energy. The lifetime of the “neck-free” copper line over the SiNx step was estimated to be 7.1 × 109 s under the high-speed IC operation condition. The thermal stress mismatch between the copper layer and TiW barrier layer as well as the underneath dielectric layer facilitated the void formation. The step effect on the lifetime was reduced when the test temperature was high because of the change of the local stress. In summary, the topography and the test temperature are critical factors for the copper line’s lifetime.
Effect of Temperature on the Transmission of Western Equine Encephalomyelitis and St. Louis Encephalitis Viruses by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) (1993)

The extrinsic incubation rate (inverse of the time in days from infection to median transmission) of western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses by laboratory strains of Culex tarsalis Coquillett increased as a linear function of incubation temperatures from 10 to 30 degrees C. The estimated temperatures for zero transmission thresholds (intercept of the X axis) were 10.9 and 14.9 degrees C, and the number of degree days above these thresholds required for median transmission (inverse of the slope) was 67.6 and 115.2, respectively. Although the bodies of most Cx. tarsalis females remained infected and the WEE viral titer did not decrease significantly throughout the incubation periods at all temperatures, transmission rates by females incubated at 20 to 30 degrees C decreased markedly after peaking at 7-10 d after infection. In contrast, midgut escape and salivary gland infection barriers limited the transmission rates of SLE virus at all temperatures, but these rates did not decrease markedly as a function of incubation time, indicating that virus modulation did not occur. Degree-day models were used to calculate monthly changes in the duration of the extrinsic incubation period for WEE and SLE viruses in the San Joaquin and Coachella valleys based on mosquito temperatures estimated by combining nocturnal air and diurnal resting site temperatures. Temperatures in the San Joaquin Valley averaged 5 degrees C cooler than in the Coachella Valley, proportionately shortening the duration of the potential transmission season for WEE virus from 10 to 8 mo and for SLE virus from 8 to 5 mo, respectively.
Equilibrium optimizer of interswarm interactive learning strategy (2021)

This paper proposes an equilibrium optimiser of interswarm interactive learning strategy to plan the shortest flight path of drones. This paper divide the population into a learning swarm and a learned swarm. When the global best fitness value does not change in consecutive k generations, interswarm interactive learning behaviour is triggered. In addition, this paper also proposes a global optimal disturbance strategy to improve the exploitation capability of particles and balances exploration and exploitation by introducing linearly decreasing inertia weights. The algorithm is tested on 23 benchmark functions, and the test results show that the algorithm has greater advantages.
Synthesis of Optically Active α-Amino Esters via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution:  A Mechanistic Study (1999)

Synthesis of N-protected optically active α-amino esters from racemic α-halo esters via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) will be described. This methodology is general in nature and provides the desired optically active N-protected amino esters in 70−95% yield with diastereomeric excesses in the range of 85 to >98%. Applications and mechanistic aspects will be discussed.
Dynamic sensor planning (2002)

A method of extending the sensor planning abilities of the MVP (machine vision planning) system to plan viewpoints for monitoring a pre-planned robot task is described. The dynamic sensor planning system presented analyzes geometric models of the environment and of the planned motions of the robot, as well as optical models of the vision sensor. Using a combination of swept volumes and a temporal interval search technique, it computes a series of viewpoints, each of which provides a valid viewpoint for a different interval of the task. By mounting a camera on another manipulator, the viewpoints can be executed at appropriate times during the task so that there is always a robust view suitable for monitoring the task. Experimental results monitoring a simulated robot operation are presented, and directions for future research are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cholesterol management of patients with diabetes in a primary care practice-based research network. (2004)

Although LDL-C goal attainment in patients with diabetes plus CHD was significantly better than that in patients with diabetes only, the prevalence of inadequate control in these high-risk populations is of national concern.
Qualitätssicherung mit Routine- oder Primärdaten? QS-AMI Projekt zur Beurteilung der Qualität der stationären Versorgung von Herzinfarkt-PatientInnen in Berlin (laufendes Projekt) (2014)

Fragestellung: Im QS-AMI Projekt werden für PatientInnen mit akutem Myokardinfarkt (AMI) erhobene Qualitätsdaten aus dem Berliner Herzinfarktregister (BHIR) mit Routinedaten der AOK Nordost verglichen.
Comparison of sleep quality and clinical and psychologic characteristics in patients with temporomandibular disorders. (2002)

This study supports the frequent comorbidity of reported sleep disturbance, perceived pain severity, and psychologic distress in patients with TMD.
AIRE-Deficient Patients Harbor Unique High-Affinity Disease-Ameliorating Autoantibodies (2016)

APS1/APECED patients are defined by defects in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) that mediates central T cell tolerance to many self-antigens. AIRE deficiency also affects B cell tolerance, but this is incompletely understood. Here we show that most APS1/APECED patients displayed B cell autoreactivity toward unique sets of approximately 100 self-proteins. Thereby, autoantibodies from 81 patients collectively detected many thousands of human proteins. The loss of B cell tolerance seemingly occurred during antibody affinity maturation, an obligatorily T cell-dependent step. Consistent with this, many APS1/APECED patients harbored extremely high-affinity, neutralizing autoantibodies, particularly against specific cytokines. Such antibodies were biologically active in vitro and in vivo, and those neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) showed a striking inverse correlation with type I diabetes, not shown by other anti-cytokine antibodies. Thus, naturally occurring human autoantibodies may actively limit disease and be of therapeutic utility.