gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of postcompressional textural tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of medicated chewing gum tablets with high drug loadings (2017)

There is a growing interest in utilizing medicated chewing gums for drug delivery, especially those made using directly compressible gum bases, such as Health in gum. Directly compressing a gum base with high amounts of solid drug powder, however, poses a challenge as it may result in compressed compacts with hybrid properties between a chewing gum and a hard tablet. Currently, official Pharmacopeias do not specify a testing procedure for the estimation of the mechanical and textural properties of chewing gum tablets. To fill in the knowledge gap, we demonstrated in the present study how complementing a single-bite (knife) test with a modified two-bite test could be used to discriminate between chewing gums and hard tablets that were prepared by directly compressing Health in gum base with increasing concentration of curcumin powder in the blend. By utilizing these two tests, it was possible to identify clear demarcations between conventional tablets and chewing gums. In this study, we found that a 10% load by weight is the upper limit for curcumin loading in a binary blend with Health in gum to maintain the mastication properties of the compacts, which become brittle tablets at 30% load.
Intranasal Mupirocin to Prevent PostoperativeStaphylococcus aureusInfections (2002)

Prophylactic intranasal application of mupirocin did not significantly reduce the rate of S. aureus surgical-site infections overall, but it did significantly decrease the rate of all nosocomial S. aureus infections among the patients who were S. aureus carriers.
Plasma troponins in the critically ill patient. -letter- (2005)

The author draws attention to significant and sustained rises in troponin levels in patients with anaphylactic shock. Echocardiography rather than coronary angiography may be the more appropriate investigation in patients with raised plasma troponins. (non-author abstract)
Temporal Encoding of Spectral Modulations in Chirped Pulses (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. H. Matlis, A. Maksimchuk, V. Yanovsky, and M. C. Downer, "Temporal Encoding of Spectral Modulations in Chirped Pulses," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper ATu1J.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides and Synergy with Enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis (2006)

We showed in a previous study that associations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are key components of the innate immune systems of all living species, with the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin can successfully cure HeLa cell cultures of Mycoplasma fermentans and M. hyorhinis contamination. In the present work, the in vitro susceptibility of M. pulmonis, a murine pathogen, to enrofloxacin and four AMPs (alamethicin, globomycin, gramicidin S, and surfactin) was investigated, with special reference to synergistic associations and the effect of the mycoplasma cell concentration. Enrofloxacin and globomycin displayed the lowest MICs (0.4 microM), followed by gramicidin S (3.12 microM), alamethicin (6.25 microM), and surfactin (25 microM). When the mycoplasma cell concentration was varied from 10(4) to 10(8) CFU/ml, the MICs of enrofloxacin and globomycin increased while those of the three other molecules remained essentially constant. The minimal bactericidal concentration of enrofloxacin (0.8 microM) was also lower than those of the peptides (6.25 to 100 microM), but the latter killed the mycoplasma cells much faster than enrofloxacin (2 h versus 1 day). The use of the AMPs in association with enrofloxacin revealed synergistic effects with alamethicin and surfactin. Interestingly, the mycoplasma-killing activities of the two combinations enrofloxacin (MIC/2) plus alamethicin (MIC/4) and enrofloxacin (MIC/2) plus surfactin (MIC/16) were about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the three molecules used separately. These results support the interest devoted to AMPs as a novel class of antimicrobial agents and pinpoint their ability to potentiate the activities of conventional antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones.
Fetal Growth Restriction (2023)

A 29-year-old G2P1 at seven weeks’ gestation is referred to your tertiary center for consultation and prenatal care. Obstetric history is significant for fetal growth restriction (FGR) requiring preterm delivery at 33 weeks’ gestation. Her son’s birthweight was 1400 g. The patient’s prenatal care and delivery were at another center, and her medical chart is unavailable at the time of initial consultation.
NEUTRAL CUTOUTS IN LAMINATED PLATES (1995)

SUMMARY The problem of designing a cutout in a load-bearing structural member in the form of a plate, such that the cut structure maintains its stress state with a minimal departure from the stress state of the uncut structure, is addressed herein. This problem in the context of isotropic plane sheets was addressed earlier,1for certain types of planar loading. In the present work, laminated composite plates are considered within classical lamination theory, where in addition to planar loading, remote moment loading is also addressed. The original (uncut) stiffness of the plate structures restored by appropriately designing an edge reinforcement around the cutout. The stress field (and also the strain and displacement fields) is maintained unchanged compared to that of the uncut structures. In the work presented, the reinforcement is modelled as a one-dimensional rod/type structural element.
Fusion of Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Data (2005)

A general method is presented for combining mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data. Such data are becoming more and more abundant, and proper tools for fusing these types of data sets are needed. Fusion of metabolomics data leads to a comprehensive view on the metabolome of an organism or biological system. The ideas presented draw upon established techniques in data analysis. Hence, they are also widely applicable to other types of X-omics data provided there is a proper pretreatment of the data. These issues are discussed using a real-life metabolomics data set from a microbial fermentation process.
Oxidation Effects during High Temperature Deformation of CP Ti Alloy (2007)

This work reports the influence of oxidation on the superplasticity of commercially pure titanium at high temperatures. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at temperatures in the range 600-800°C with an initial strain rate of 10s-1 to 10s-3. This study shows that oxidization at the surface of the alloy causes oxide film on the surface of commercially pure titanium alloy, and the thickness of oxide film increase with increasing exposure time and temperature. XRD analysis shows that the oxide film consists of TiO2. Because this oxide film is very brittle, it can induce clefts and degrade the ductility of the titanium at high temperatures. The mechanism of the initial clefts was investigated and a model for the cleft initiation and propagation during high temperature tensile test was proposed.
An Efficient Holographic Huygens? Metasurface based on Dielectric Resonant Meta-Atoms. (2018)

Subwavelength-thin metasurfaces have shown great promises for the control of optical wavefronts, thus opening new pathways for the development of efficient flat optics. In particular, Huygens’ metasurfaces based on all-dielectric resonant meta-atoms have already shown a huge potential for practical applications with their polarization insensitivity and high transmittance efficiency. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a holographic Huygens’ metasurface based on dielectric resonant meta-atoms capable of complex wavefront control at telecom wavelengths. Our metasurface produces a hologram image in the far-field with 82% transmittance efficiency and 40% imaging efficiency. Such efficient complex wavefront control shows that Huygens’ metasurfaces based on resonant dielectric meta-atoms are a big step towards practical applications of metasurfaces in wavefront design related technologies, including computer-generated holograms, ultra-thin optics, security and data storage devices.
Chronicles of Nanoerythrosomes: An Erythrocyte-Based Biomimetic Smart Drug Delivery System as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tool in Cancer Therapy (2021)

Recently, drug delivery using natural biological carriers has emerged as one of the most widely investigated topics of research. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, can act as potential carriers for a wide variety of drugs, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, along with various proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other macromolecules. The red blood cell-based nanocarrier systems, also called nanoerythrosomes, are nanovesicles poised with extraordinary features such as long blood circulation times, the ability to escape immune system, the ability to release the drug gradually, the protection of drugs from various endogenous factors, targeted and specified delivery of drugs, as well as possessing both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in various fields of biomedical sciences. Their journey over the last two decades is escalating with fast pace, ranging from in vivo to preclinical and clinical studies by encapsulating a number of drugs into these carriers. Being biomimetic nanoparticles, they have enhanced the stability profile of drugs and their excellent site-specific targeting ability makes them potential carrier systems in the diagnosis and therapy of wide variety of tumors including gliomas, lung cancers, breast cancers, colon cancers, gastric cancers, and other solid tumors. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in the field of nanoerythrosomes, as an excellent and promising nanoplatform for the novel drug delivery of various drugs particularly antineoplastic drugs along with their potential as a promising diagnostic tool for the identification of different tumors.
Tetraphenylphosphonium Hexaazidoarsenate(V): The First Structurally Characterized Binary AsV-Azide Species (2000)

A six-fold coordinated As atom was shown to be the first structurally characterized AsV azide [PPh4]+[As(N3)6]−. The anion (see picture) has idealized S2 symmetry.
Electron tunneling in protein crystals (2001)

The current understanding of electron tunneling through proteins has come from work on systems where donors and acceptors are held at fixed distances and orientations. The factors that control electron flow between proteins are less well understood, owing to uncertainties in the relative orientations and structures of the reactants during the very short time that tunneling occurs. As we report here, the way around such structural ambiguity is to examine oxidation-reduction reactions in protein crystals. Accordingly, we have measured and analyzed the kinetics of electron transfer between native and Zn-substituted tuna cytochrome c (cyt c) molecules in crystals of known structure. Electron transfer rates [(320 s(-1) for *Zn-cyt c --> Fe(III)-cyt c; 2000 s(-1) for Fe(II)-cyt c --> Zn-cyt c(+))] over a Zn-Fe distance of 24.1 A closely match those for intraprotein electron tunneling over similar donor-acceptor separations. Our results indicate that van der Waals interactions and water-mediated hydrogen bonds are effective coupling elements for tunneling across a protein-protein interface.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 limits and receptor 1 accelerates tumorigenicity of prostate epithelial cells. (1997)

Progressive loss of the differentiated phenotype and communication with stroma accompanies the transition of nonmalignant rat prostate epithelial cells to anaplastic, malignant tumors. Here we show that cell surface expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) tyrosine kinase is reduced in malignant tumor cell populations (type II) and undetectable at the mRNA level in 30% of cells. This is in addition to the irreversible loss by splice switching of the FGFR2 ectodomain that abrogates response to FGF-7 and homologues from the stroma. One hundred % of type II malignant cells express FGFR1, which is normally expressed in the stroma. Expression of the FGFR1 kinase in premalignant type I tumor epithelial cells by transfection accelerated progression to the malignant phenotype. In contrast to the FGFR2 kinase fused to the ectodomain of FGFR1, the FGFR1 kinase failed initially to support a mitogenic response to FGF-2 in type I tumor cells. However, the FGFR1-transfected cells acquired a mitogenic response after extensive proliferation of the cell population. Resident FGFR2 and ectopic FGFR1 appeared to be partitioned in the type I cells, because neither full-length nor truncated isoforms of FGFR1 affected the mitogenic response of the other. Restoration of the FGFR2IIIb kinase to malignant cells expressing FGFR1 depressed tumor growth rates, restored responsiveness to stromal cells, and restored epithelial cell differentiation. These observations reveal that homologous FGFR1 and FGFR2 kinases play very different roles in cell growth and differentiation and in development and support of the malignant phenotype.
[Treatment of critical lower limb ischemia]. (2014)

Critical limb ischemia is a major public health problem in our western countries due to the epidemia of (diabesity). The outcome of patients suffering from critical limb ischemia reains poor with an amputation free survival rate at one year of about 50%. The treatment should be multidiciplinary and done in emergency in specialized centers to ensure the limb salvage: this management should be centered aroud 3 axis: the screening of the cardiovascular risk factors, the best medical treatment and the invasive approaches. Due to multiple endovascular technical innovations, more frail patients with com plex diseases can be treated with good results. Therefore, the endovascular treatment is essential in the management of such patients by vascular surgeons.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL BROMINATIONS OF SOME CHLOROALKANES. EVIDENCE FOR ANCHIMERIC ASSISTANCE BY NEIGHBORING CHLORINE (1978)

Abstract Die Bromierung des Chlorbutans (I) in CCl 4 bei 32°C ergibt in einer Reaktion pseudo‐erster Ordnung zunächst die Produkte (II) und (III), die mit überschüssigem Brom zu Buten (IV) und dem Chlordibrombutan (V) weiterreagieren.
Sodium Butyrate Protects Against High Fat Diet-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Metabolic Disorders in Type II Diabetic Mice (2017)

Histone deacetylases are recently identified to act as key regulators for cardiac pathophysiology and metabolic disorders. However, the function of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in controlling cardiac performance in Type II diabetes and obesity remains unknown. Here, we determine whether HDAC inhibition attenuates high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac dysfunction and improves metabolic features. Adult mice were fed with either HFD or standard chow food for 24 weeks. Starting at 12 weeks, mice were divided into four groups randomly, in which sodium butyrate (1%), a potent HDAC inhibitor, was provided to chow and HFD-fed mice in drinking water, respectively. Glucose intolerance, metabolic parameters, cardiac function, and remodeling were assessed. Histological analysis and cellular signaling were examined at 24 weeks following euthanization of mice. HFD-fed mice demonstrated myocardial dysfunction and profound interstitial fibrosis, which were attenuated by HDAC inhibition. HFD-induced metabolic syndrome features insulin resistance, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, lipid accumulations, and cardiac hypertrophy, these effects were prevented by HDAC inhibition. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition attenuated myocyte apoptosis, reduced production of reactive oxygen species, and increased angiogenesis in the HFD-fed myocardium. Notably, HFD induced decreases in MKK3, p38, p38 regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK), and Akt-1, but not p44/42 phosphorylation, which were prevented by HDAC inhibition. These results suggest that HDAC inhibition plays a critical role to preserve cardiac performance and mitigate metabolic disorders in obesity and diabetes, which is associated with MKK3/p38/PRAK pathway. The study holds promise in developing a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Type II diabetic-induced heart failure and metabolic disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2395-2408, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Machine learning based search space optimisation for drug discovery (2013)

Drug discovery research has progressed to a place where it essentially counts on high performance computer systems and huge databases for its victory. As such, Virtual Screening (VS), a computationally intensive process, plays a major role in the systematic drug designing process for pressing diseases. Therefore, it is imperative that the VS process has to be made as fast as possible in order to efficiently dock the ligands from huge databases to a selected protein receptor, targeting a drug. The extremely high rate of increase of the number of ligands in the databases makes it impossible to tackle this problem only by improving the computing resources. Therefore, researchers work on an orthogonal technique, where they use soft computing to reduce the search space through identifying the ligands that are non-dockable, hence improving the throughput as a whole. Machine Learning (ML) can be used to train a binary classifier that can classify the ligands into two known classes: dockable and non-dockable ligands. In this paper, for the first time, we use three ML techniques (Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forest) on a single problem domain (a Protease receptor of HIV) and evaluate the performance rendered by the respective models. We show that such classification improves the throughput by two folds with around 90% accuracy. In addition, we propose and use a technique for constructing a training set to be used for ML in VS applications in the instance of a non-synthesised receptor.
Strain Variation in Mycobacterium marinum Fish Isolates (2002)

A molecular characterization of two Mycobacterium marinum genes, 16S rRNA and hsp65, was carried out with a total of 21 isolates from various species of fish from both marine and freshwater environments of Israel, Europe, and the Far East. The nucleotide sequences of both genes revealed that all M. marinum isolates from fish in Israel belonged to two different strains, one infecting marine (cultured and wild) fish and the other infecting freshwater (cultured) fish. A restriction enzyme map based on the nucleotide sequences of both genes confirmed the divergence of the Israeli marine isolates from the freshwater isolates and differentiated the Israeli isolates from the foreign isolates, with the exception of one of three Greek isolates from marine fish which was identical to the Israeli marine isolates. The second isolate from Greece exhibited a single base alteration in the 16S rRNA sequence, whereas the third isolate was most likely a new Mycobacterium species. Isolates from Denmark and Thailand shared high sequence homology to complete identity with reference strain ATCC 927. Combined analysis of the two gene sequences increased the detection of intraspecific variations and was thus of importance in studying the taxonomy and epidemiology of this aquatic pathogen. Whether the Israeli M. marinum strain infecting marine fish is endemic to the Red Sea and found extremely susceptible hosts in the exotic species imported for aquaculture or rather was accidentally introduced with occasional imports of fingerlings from the Mediterranean Sea could not be determined.
Efficacy of rifabutin-based triple therapy as second-line treatment to eradicate helicobacter pylori infection (2007)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN81058036.
Less Is More: Substrate Reduction Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Disorders (2016)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare, life-threatening genetic disorders, usually caused by a dysfunction in one of the many enzymes responsible for intralysosomal digestion. Even though no cure is available for any LSD, a few treatment strategies do exist. Traditionally, efforts have been mainly targeting the functional loss of the enzyme, by injection of a recombinant formulation, in a process called enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), with no impact on neuropathology. This ineffectiveness, together with its high cost and lifelong dependence is amongst the main reasons why additional therapeutic approaches are being (and have to be) investigated: chaperone therapy; gene enhancement; gene therapy; and, alternatively, substrate reduction therapy (SRT), whose aim is to prevent storage not by correcting the original enzymatic defect but, instead, by decreasing the levels of biosynthesis of the accumulating substrate(s). Here we review the concept of substrate reduction, highlighting the major breakthroughs in the field and discussing the future of SRT, not only as a monotherapy but also, especially, as complementary approach for LSDs.
Molecular study of CYP21A2 gene for prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Report of a family Utilidad del estudio molecular de CYP21A2 en el manejo prenatal de hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita: Detección de dos nuevas mutaciones en Chile (2019)

Prenatal treatment of pregnancies at risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) may prevent ambiguous genitalia in female fetuses. We present the prenatal treatment performed in an extended family with two mutations. The proband, a boy with CAH-salt losing form, and his relatives were studied. The proband's paternal uncles/aunts were married to the maternal aunts/uncles, respectively. The relatives had normal basal and stimulated 170HProgesterone levels, which did not clarify their carrier status. The CYP21A2 gene was sequenced. The proband and the paternal relatives harbored a Q318X, R483W mutation in one alíele. The maternal relatives and the proband exhibited an R483 frameshift mutation. Early dexametasone treatment was given during two pregnancies and stopped when male gender was confirmed by early ultrasonography Both newborns were healthy and had normal 170HProgesterone levels. This family had three mutations which abolish the 21-hydroxilase activity. Two mutations were detecte
Column flotation shows higher recovery with less ash (1986)

Why column flotation. It can effectively clean fines and yield a saleable low-ash coal from what would otherwise be the waste stream. Not only does the coal recovery improve, but the waste tonnage is reduced, thereby prolonging the life of waste storage facilities. Although regular froth flotation has proven to be an effective method for recovering fine coal (-28 mesh), flotation efficiency often drops for the finest fractions, particularly when an excessive amount of fine clays are present. Because of their small mass and momentum, these fine particles wind up in the froth and get physically entrained with particles that float. Countercurrent column flotation solves this problem by providing a stream of wash water flowing against the bubble/particle aggregates. This action allows the sticky ash to be washed from the bubble as well as from the froth. Column flotation is not new to the mining industry; it has been used to separate fine graphite from clay, and such sulfide mineral separations as molybdenum and copper. The big advantage provided by countercurrent column flotation was it required only a single step to do what cleaner flotation did in several stages.