gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Angular Resolution Digital Beamforming Method for Coherent FMCW MIMO Radar Networks (2021)

In this work, we investigate the feasibility of a high angular resolution digital beamforming method for coherent frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar networks. The proposed coherent radar network system consists of two separate FMCW radars, where each radar unit comprises <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N$</tex> <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TX</inf> transmit and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N$</tex> <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RX</inf> receive antennas. The proposed method will combine two separate FMCW radars to an FMCW radar network with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2 N$</tex> <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TX</inf> × <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2 N$</tex> <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RX</inf> virtual antennas for MIMO applications. Compared to existing work, the proposed method does not depend on the distance between two separate radars. The distance is arbitrary and this will enable us to increase the number of radars in coherent FMCW MIMO radar networks in the future.
Analysis of the decrease in the tropical mean outgoing shortwave radiation at the top of atmosphere for the period 1984-2000 (2005)

Abstract. A decadal-scale trend in the tropical radiative energy budget has been observed recently by satellites, which however is not reproduced by climate models. In the present study, we have computed the outgoing shortwave radiation (OSR) at the top of atmosphere (TOA) at 2.5° longitude-latitude resolution and on a mean monthly basis for the 17-year period 1984-2000, by using a deterministic solar radiative transfer model and cloud climatological data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D2 database. Anomaly time series for the mean monthly pixel-level OSR fluxes, as well as for the key physical parameters, were constructed. A significant decreasing trend in OSR anomalies, starting mainly from the late 1980s, was found in tropical and subtropical regions (30° S-30° N), indicating a decadal increase in solar planetary heating equal to 1.9±0.3Wm-2/decade, reproducing well the features recorded by satellite observations, in contrast to climate model results. This increase in solar planetary heating, however, is accompanied by a similar increase in planetary cooling, due to increased outgoing longwave radiation, so that there is no change in net radiation. The model computed OSR trend is in good agreement with the corresponding linear decadal decrease of 2.5±0.4Wm-2/decade in tropical mean OSR anomalies derived from ERBE S-10N non-scanner data (edition 2). An attempt was made to identify the physical processes responsible for the decreasing trend in tropical mean OSR. A detailed correlation analysis using pixel-level anomalies of model computed OSR flux and ISCCP cloud cover over the entire tropical and subtropical region (30° S-30° N), gave a correlation coefficient of 0.79, indicating that decreasing cloud cover is the main reason for the tropical OSR trend. According to the ISCCP-D2 data derived from the combined visible/infrared (VIS/IR) analysis, the tropical cloud cover has decreased by 6.6±0.2% per decade, in relative terms. A detailed analysis of the inter-annual and long-term variability of the various parameters determining the OSR at TOA, has shown that the most important contribution to the observed OSR trend comes from a decrease in low-level cloud cover over the period 1984-2000, followed by decreases in middle and high-level cloud cover. Note, however, that there still remain some uncertainties associated with the existence and magnitude of trends in ISCCP-D2 cloud amounts. Opposite but small trends are introduced by increases in cloud scattering optical depth of low and middle clouds.
Comparative analysis of class I, II and III epitope-detecting CD34 monoclonal antibodies by quantitative flow cytometry. (1998)

class II and III MAbs appear preferable for flow cytometric quantification of CD34+ cells; for CD34+ cell subsets determination class III MAbs should be suitable.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of 64Cu-ATSM Dynamic PET in Human Xenograft Tumors in Mice (2015)

This study shows the feasibility to extract relevant parameters from voxel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis to be used for preclinical validation of (64)Cu-ATSM as a hypoxia-specific PET tracer.
Canine Mast Cell Activation via Human IgG1 and IgG4 (2004)

Canine FcgammaRI possesses a significant binding activity with human IgG1 or IgG4, while IgG2 or IgG3 did not significantly react with canine FcgammaRI on CM-MC cells.
THE PRODUCTION OF PERSISTENT ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION BY CELLOPHANE PERINEPHRITIS (1939)

Perinephritis apparently has not been recognized as a possible cause of arterial hypertension. Occasionally hypertension has been recorded for patients whose renal parenchyma from one cause or another has been chronically compressed. Any genetic relationship seems, however, to have been ignored. During the course of experiments designed to prevent the development of renal cortical collateral circulation, cellophane was tried because it was believed that it would cause little damage to the tissues. It was soon apparent that arterial hypertension had developed in the animals in which cellophane had been wrapped around the kidneys. Examination showed them to be enclosed within a fibrocollagenous hull from 3 to 4 mm. thick. The cellophane had been fragmented and taken up, chiefly by the omentum. The kidney bulged from the hull when it was cut, indicating that the parenchyma was held fast under tension. The reaction of tissue to cellophane is extraordinary. Contact for relatively short periods (three to thirty days) is enough to evoke a proliferative reaction which continues for a time, at least, after the cellophane has been dispersed by the omentum.
Perissodactyla: Die Primärstruktur der Hämoglobine eines Flachlandtapirs(Tapirus terrestris):Glutaminsäure in Position 2 der β-Ketten (1984)

Article Perissodactyla: Die Primärstruktur der Hämoglobine eines Flachlandtapirs (Tapirus terrestris): Glutaminsäure in Position 2 der β-Ketten was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 365, issue 2).
Estrogen and the blood vessel wall (1994)

This article reviews historical studies and recent advances regarding the direct effects of estrogen on the blood vessel wall. It is organized into two sections that summarize effects of estrogen on vasomotor tone and on vascular cell growth and atherogenesis, based on two recognized actions of estrogen on the vasculature: a rapid vasodilatory effect, and an atheroprotective effect involving inhibition of smooth-muscle cell proliferation. These effects are likely mediated by different mechanisms. The rapid vasodilatory effects of estrogen are probably nongenomic, whereas the antiproliferative effects of estrogen are likely due to estrogen receptor-dependent alterations in gene expression. Overlap between these two mechanisms also exists, in that genes regulating the production of two important vasodilators synthesized by the vessel wall (prostacyclin and nitric oxide) can be up-regulated by estrogen. Potential molecular mechanisms by which estrogen exerts its effects are discussed, and future directions in this rapidly evolving area of research are considered.
Preparation and Structures of Metal Cyanide-Lewis Acid Bridge Compounds (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Structures of Metal Cyanide-Lewis Acid Bridge CompoundsD. F. ShriverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 10, 1405–1408Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00893a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00893a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Survey of the Research on Human Factors Related to Lethal Force Encounters: Implications for Law Enforcement Training, Tactics, and Testimony (2008)

To effectively train and fairly evaluate the performance of an officer in a tactical environment, we must first fully understand how the brain perceives and processes information. This article will begin with an exploration of how the brain/mind processes routine information, followed by a discussion of the research on the effects of stress on perception. The brain refers to the actual organ contained in the skull that coordinates sensation and intellect, while the mind refers to consciousness/thought or intellect/memory. For our purposes, however, the terms will be used interchangeably. Common perceptual distortions and mistakes of fact will be identified, and their effect on reaction time will be discussed, taking into consideration the scientific and practical limitations governing human performance. Training recommendations designed to reduce both the rate and range of perceptual and processing errors while decreasing response lag time, or the time it takes to initiate a response, will also be proposed. Finally, improved methods for mining memory will be offered with the goal of increasing the accuracy of incident recall. The information will be presented as objectively as possible. It will be up to the reader to weigh the research, including potential organizational and/or political ramifications, and the pros and cons of any proposed changes to policies or practices.
TatD Is a Cytoplasmic Protein with DNase Activity (2000)

The Escherichia coli Tat system mediates Sec-independent export of protein precursors bearing twin arginine signal peptides. Genes known to be involved in this process include tatA, tatB, and tatC that form an operon with a fourth gene, tatD. The tatD gene product has two homologues in E. coli coded by the unlinked ycfH and yjjV genes. An E. coli strain with in-frame chromosomal deletions in all three of tatD, ycfH, and yjjV exhibits no significant defect in the cellular location of five cofactor-containing enzymes that are synthesized with twin arginine signal peptides. Neither these mutations nor overproduction of the TatD protein cause any discernible effect on the export kinetics of an additional E. coli Tat pathway substrate. It is concluded that proteins of the TatD family have no obligate involvement in protein export by the Tat system. TatD is shown to be a cytoplasmic protein. TatD binds to immobilized Ni(2+) or Zn(2+) affinity columns and exhibits magnesium-dependent DNase activity. Features of the tatA operon that may control TatD expression are discussed.
The Virtual Anemia Trial: An Assessment of Model‐Based In Silico Clinical Trials of Anemia Treatment Algorithms in Patients With Hemodialysis (2018)

In silico approaches have been proposed as a novel strategy to increase the repertoire of clinical trial designs. Realistic simulations of clinical trials can provide valuable information regarding safety and limitations of treatment protocols and have been shown to assist in the cost-effective planning of clinical studies. In this report, we present a blueprint for the stepwise integration of internal, external, and ecological validity considerations in virtual clinical trials (VCTs). We exemplify this approach in the context of a model-based in silico clinical trial aimed at anemia treatment in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Hemoglobin levels and subsequent anemia treatment were simulated on a per patient level over the course of a year and compared to real-life clinical data of 79,426 patients undergoing HD. The novel strategies presented here, aimed to improve external and ecological validity of a VCT, significantly increased the predictive power of the discussed in silico trial.
Intracorneal stromal hemorrhage in dogs and its associations with ocular and systemic disease: 39 cases (2016)

Intracorneal hemorrhage is an uncommon condition in dogs that occurs in association with corneal vascularization. The risk of ICH may be increased due to certain ocular and systemic diseases. Although uncommon, ICH may also be an ocular manifestation of severe immune-mediated, infectious, and neoplastic systemic diseases in dogs.
Visbreaking reaction of atmospheric residue. Part 4. Structural analysis and reaction mechanism for taching atmospheric residue. (1985)

Atmospheric residue from Taching crude was subjected to thermal cracking at 420-460°C in the presence of a diluent, namely, nitrogen, hydrogen, or tetralin as a hydrogen donor. A significant decrease in the molecular weight of the product residue was observed. The feed and the product residues were separated into six fractions. The distribution of the fractions was dependent on the diluent used, whereas the distillate yield was but slightly affected. Taching crude is essentially paraflins, saturates, and monoaromatics with long alkyl side chains comprising about 70% of the residue. Although the residue contained no asphaltenes (n-pentane insolubles), a considerable amount of asphaltenes was formed by visbreaking. The yield and structural change in the fractions were accounted for by the mechanism consisting of unimolecular decomposition and radical chain reaction.
Increased power of broad-area lasers (808nm/980nm) and applicability to 10-mm bars with up to 1000Watt QCW (2007)

The new packaging technology from JENOPTIK Laserdiode GmbH and the new chip technology from JENOPTIK Diode Lab GmbH increases the output power, the quality and durability of new broad area lasers. Tests with different pulse widths and duty cycles have been conducted. A maximum linear power density of 213mW/&mgr;m has been found for 808nm and 980nm laser, limited by thermal rollover. The tests were performed for duty cycles from 0.1% to 5% and pulse widths of 50&mgr;s and 100&mgr;m. Over 32W output power was reached for 150&mgr;m emitter at a 0.1 % duty cycle and 50&mgr;s pulse length. With the new diode laser technology 10mm bars with a 44% filling factor were produced. These laser bars, mounted on micro channel coolers, reached a maximum output power of 1000W. To our knowledge this is the highest power reported up to now for 980nm material with 100&mgr;s pulses and 0.1% duty cycle.
Test complement exclusion: guarantees from dynamic analysis (2015)

Modern test generation techniques allow to generate as many executions as needed, combined with dynamic analysis, they allow for understanding program behavior in situations where static analysis is challenged or impossible. However, all these dynamic techniques would still suffer from the incompleteness of testing: If some behavior has not been observed so far, there is no guarantee that it may not occur in the future. In this talk, I introduce a method called Test Complement Exclusion that combines test generation and sand boxing to provide such a guarantee. Test Complement Exclusion will have significant impact in the security domain, as it effectively detects and protects against unexpected changes of program behavior, however, guarantees would also strengthen findings in dynamic software comprehension. First experiments on real-world ANDROID programs demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Orientation Adaptive Discrete Packet Wavelet Decomposition via Shifting Operators for Image Compression (2007)

In this paper we present novel techniques to adapt conventional wavelet transforms to follow locally oriented features found in images. We introduce a shift operator before each step in a lifting implementation of the DWT. The best shifts are estimated by minimizing the high-pass coefficient energy and then used in both the prediction and update lifting steps. To approximate the asymptotically optimal rate-distortion performance of a piece-wise regular function more closely, we adopt a packet wavelet decomposition. Experimental results obtained integrating the proposed transform into the JPEG2000 codec show improvements in both visual and objective tests, allowing for a better representation of the edges at very-low rates. Very recently, some related ideas have been presented by other authors. The most distinctive features of this paper include a more flexible packet wavelet decomposition structure and a comparison between subband- and image-domain shifting operators.
Smooth muscle tumor arising de novo in a liver allograft: A case report. (1991)

The development of de novo malignancies is a well-recognized complication of the immunosuppressed state that follows organ transplantation (1-6). In the cyclosporine era, lymphomas, skin cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma account for more than half of the reported cases (6). Other tumors of mesenchymal origin are uncommon.

We describe a case of a primary smooth muscle tumor arising in a liver allograft. The tumor was of donor origin. To our knowledge this complication has not been seen before.
Release of Fluorescent Peroxidized Lipids from Membranes in Senescing Tissue by Blebbing of Lipid–Protein Particles (1995)

Lurie, S., J. Klein, and R. Ben-Arie. 1989. Physiological changes in diphenylamine-treated ‘Granny Smith’ apples. Israel J. Bot. 38:199–207. Parkin, K.L. and S.J. Kuo. 1989. Chilling-induced lipid degradation in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L. cv Hybrid C) fruit. Plant Physiol. 90:1049–1056. Parkin, K.L., A. Marangoni, R.L. Jackman, R.Y. Yada, and D.W. Stanley. 1989. Chilling injury, a review of possible mechanisms. J. Food Biochem. 13:127–153. Thompson, J.E., J.H. Brown, G. Paliyath, J.F. Todd, and K. Yao. 1991. Membrane phospholipid catabolism primes the production of activated oxygen in senescing tissues, p. 57–66. In: E.J. Pell and K.L. Steffen (eds.). Active oxygen/oxidative stress and plant metabolism. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Rockville, Md. Winston, G.W. 1990. Physiological basis for free radical formation in cells: Production and defenses, p. 57–86. In: R.G. Alscher and J.R. Cumming (eds.). Stress responses in plant: Adaptation and acclimation mechanisms. Wiley-Liss, New York.
Market access : agricultural policy reform and developing countries (2003)

The conversion of all non-tariff measures into bound tariffs with reduction commitments and the introduction of minimum access commitments in the form of import quotas (as a share of domestic consumption) are two of the most important achievements of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA). Nevertheless, import protection for agriculture remains very high and nontransparent, especially in rich countries. The average agricultural bound tariff worldwide is estimated to be 62 percent, with a large variation of import protection rates among commodities and countries. In addition, about 28 percent of domestic production in countries belonging to the OECD is protected by import quotas with high out-of-quota tariffs. Tariff peaks remain very high-500 percent or more in some cases-and tariffs in many countries increase by degree of processing, creating an escalating tariff structure that limits imports of processed food products.
Alterations in basal and glucose-stimulated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activities in pancreatic beta cells of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus GK rats. (1996)

In genetically occurring non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) model rats (GK rats), the activities of L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic beta cells are found to be augmented, by measuring the Ba2+ currents via these channels using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, while the patterns of the current-voltage curves are indistinguishable. The hyper-responsiveness of insulin secretion to nonglucose depolarizing stimuli observed in NIDDM beta cells could be the result, therefore, of increased voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity. Perforated patch-clamp recordings reveal that the augmentation of L-type Ca2+ channel activity by glucose is markedly less pronounced in GK beta cells than in control beta cells, while glucose-induced augmentation of T-type Ca2+ channel activity is observed neither in the control nor in the GK beta cells. This lack of glucose-induced augmentation of L-type Ca2+ channel activity in GK beta cells might be causatively related to the selective impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in NIDDM beta cells, in conjunction with an insufficient plasma membrane depolarization due to impaired closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels caused by the disturbed intracellular glucose metabolism in NIDDM beta cells.
Continuous joint measurement and entanglement of qubits in remote cavities (2015)

We present a first-principles theoretical analysis of the entanglement of two superconducting qubits in spatially separated microwave cavities by a sequential (cascaded) probe of the two cavities with a coherent mode, that provides a full characterization of both the continuous measurement induced dynamics and the entanglement generation. We use the SLH formalism to derive the full quantum master equation for the coupled qubits and cavities system, within the rotating wave and dispersive approximations, and conditioned equations for the cavity fields. We then develop effective stochastic master equations for the dynamics of the qubit system in both a polaronic reference frame and a reduced representation within the laboratory frame. We compare simulations with and analyze tradeoffs between these two representations, including the onset of a non-Markovian regime for simulations in the reduced representation. We provide conditions for ensuring persistence of entanglement and show that using shaped pulses enables these conditions to be met at all times under general experimental conditions. The resulting entanglement is shown to be robust with respect to measurement imperfections and loss channels. We also study the effects of qubit driving and relaxation dynamics during a weak measurement, as a prelude to modeling measurement-based feedback control in this cascaded system.
An 8mW 10b 50MS/s pipelined ADC using 25dB opamp (2008)

In 10-bit 50MS/s pipelined ADC is presented. A 25dB open loop dc gain amplifier is employed in the MDAC operation. The low opamp dc gain in the extreme is tolerated due to the use of a reference scaling scheme in conjunction with a background offset calibration. An intermediate gain stage is inserted into the pipeline to compensate for the accumulated reduction of reference and signal swing. The prototype IC implemented in a 90nm CMOS process achieves −63.2dB THD, 48.8dB SNR, and 48.6dB SNDR, while consuming 8mW from a 1V supply.