gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted gene expression in Drosophila dopaminergic cells using regulatory sequences from tyrosine hydroxylase (2003)

Dopamine (DA) is the only catecholaminergic neurotransmitter in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Dopaminergic neurons have been identified in the larval and adult central nervous system (CNS) in Drosophila and other insects, but no specific genetic tool was available to study their development, function, and degeneration in vivo. In Drosophila as in vertebrates, the rate-limiting step in DA biosynthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The Drosophila TH gene (DTH) is specifically expressed in all dopaminergic cells and the corresponding mutant, pale (ple), is embryonic lethal. We have performed ple rescue experiments with modified DTH transgenes. Our results indicate that partially redundant regulatory elements located in DTH introns are required for proper expression of this gene in the CNS. Based on this study, we generated a GAL4 driver transgene, TH-GAL4, containing regulatory sequences from the DTH 5' flanking and downstream coding regions. TH-GAL4 specifically expresses in dopaminergic cells in embryos, larval CNS, and adult brain when introduced into the Drosophila genome. As a first application of this driver, we observed that in vivo inhibition of DA release induces a striking hyperexcitability behavior in adult flies. We propose that TH-GAL4 will be useful for studies of the role of DA in behavior and disease models in Drosophila.
Studies on Herbicidal Activities of Four Solvent Extracts from the Root of Cichorium intybus L. (2010)

In order to study the herbicidal activity of root extracts of chicory(Cichorium intybus L.),the herbicidal activities of three solvent extracts from chicory root were tested on Trifolium repens L.,Lolium perenne L,C.intybus,and Abutilon theophrasti Medic.using seed germination method.The results show that ethanol extract had the highest herbicidal activity on the three species except T.repens,acetate extract the second place,and petroleum ether extract the lowest one to the four species.The sensitivities of seedling roots and tillers of the four species were different to the same extract.Tiller and root of A.theophrasti seedling were very sensitive to ethanol extract and the inhibition rates were 99.51% and 98.09%,respectively,when treated with 2.5 g·L-1 ethanol extract.
Synthese von Bisheterocyclen der Phrazolreihe (1961)

Abstract Durch Einwirkung von α‐Halogenketonen auf Pyrazol‐carbonsäure‐(1)‐thioamide (I) entstehen in Abhängigkeit von der Struktur der reagierenden Komponenten entweder die erwarteten 2‐[Pyrazolyl‐(1)]‐thiazole oder Rhodanketone, die mit Säuren in 2‐Hydroxy‐thiazole übergehen. — Die Entschwefelung von I mit Quecksilbersalzen in Gegenwart von primären Aminen führt zu Pyrazolcarbonsäure‐(1)‐[ N ‐alkyl‐amidinen], im Beisein von Ammoniak zu den entsprechenden N ‐Cyan‐amidinen oder zu 2.4‐Bis‐[pyrazolyl‐(1)]‐diformamidinen. Letztere liefern mit Acetanhydrid 6‐Methyl‐2.4‐bis‐[pyrazolyl‐(1)]‐1.3.5‐triazine.
Determination of solid-state fungal growth by Fourier transform infrared-photoacoustic spectroscopy (1988)

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) does not require optically transparent samples and is, therefore, well suited for analysis of solid-state samples. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-PAS of solid materials containing protein exhibited strong absorption in the amide I and amide II regions of the IR spectrum. Growth of a filamentous fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, on cellulose discs was quantitatively determined by monitoring amide I absorption with FTIR-PAS.
Wave field decomposition of full-polarimetric data based on the two-way wave equation (2004)

For imaging and characterization of the shallow subsurface quite a few electromagnetic methods are used. The development of migration and characterization techniques for these methods is still in a preliminary state. Most use single component data and assume scalar wave behavior. In many situations, the direct waves and return signals from above surface objects are disturbing the true subsurface response signals. In addition, there are many signals coming from sources in the air at GPR bandwidths, masking true subsurface response signals. The signals that originate from above the measurement surface can be separated from signals that come from below the measurement surface by wave field splitting. Here such a procedure is developed based on the two-way wave equations. The reciprocity theorem for electromagnetic waves is used to split up the wave field into up- and down going wave fields. Preliminary numerical tests of the representations are promising and are ready to be tested on field data.
Plants adapted to arid areas: specialized metabolites (2019)

Drought stress affects growth, morphological and biochemical properties in plants. To develop resistance and adapt to drought, plants need metabolic changes. Adaptations to stress involve changes to gene expression that activate metabolic processes that promote drought resistance and that may include biosynthesis and accumulation of specialized metabolites. Such adaptations in specialized metabolism may be important mechanisms leading to plant stress resistance and involve production of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoid and nitrogen containing compounds that are species and genotype specific. Most plants having special metabolites to adapt to drought stress belong to different botanical families. C3, C4 and CAM plants, apply both morphological and metabolic mechanisms to adapt to drought as well as to accumulate specialized metabolites. Generally, medicinal plants increase their functional metabolites content, when exposed to drought stress. During drought stress, transcription factors and related pathways for biosynthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins as well as for stress jasmonate and abscisic acid stress hormones are activated.
Homogeneous Polymerization of Butadiene Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complex-Tertiary Phosphine System (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Polymerization of Butadiene Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complex-Tertiary Phosphine SystemKatsuma Hiraki and Hidefumi HiraiCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 4, 382–387Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60016a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60016a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sirolimus inhibits growth of human hepatoma cells alone or combined with tacrolimus, while tacrolimus promotes cell growth (2005)

Sirolimus appears to inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells alone and in combination with tacrolimus. Sirolimus seems to inhibit the growth stimulation of tacrolimus.
Integrative Computational Design Methodology for Composite Spacer Fabric Architecture (2014)

Spacer fabrics are 3D warp-knitted fabrics, which have a volumetric structure. Together with the capacity to differentially stretch and contract, these materials allow three dimensional which is specific to spacer fabrics. The authors present a computational design methodology which enables the generation of form based on these material characteristics and local, regional and global material manipulations. Such a process can not only generate functional surface articulations, but also control the forming of spatial textile geometries. As a resin infused composite structure the spacer fabric can serve as architectural construction and building envelope. This new methodology to develop fibrous and textile morphology is contrary to a traditional hierarchical design process, which is based on a linear strategy from design to implementation. The investigation methods are based on analogue material experimentation and integration of the materials behaviour into a computational design process. Such a feedback process can unfold potential material morphologies and performances of spacer fabric as an architectural material.
Antiderivative Antialiasing Techniques in Nonlinear Wave Digital Structures (2021)

The Wave Digital Filter (WDF) formalism is becoming a popular approach for the digital emulation of audio circuits. Nonlinear WDFs, like other kinds of discrete-time nonlinear filters used in Virtual Analog modeling applications, are often affected by aliasing distortion. Recently formalized Antiderivative Antialiasing (ADAA) methods are capable of significant aliasing reduction even with low oversampling factors. This paper discusses different strategies to integrate pth-order ADAA methods into stateful WDFs with a single one-port or multiport nonlinearity while preserving the modularity property typical of traditional WDFs. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by applying the discussed ADAA techniques to three nonlinear audio circuits containing diode-based nonlinearities and a BJT transistor.
Fibrosi cistica e terapia antibiotica. Odi et amo (2015)

Nei pazienti affetti da fibrosi cistica (FC) le riacutizzaziomi polmonari di infezicni&#13;\ncroniche sono la principale causa di morbilità e mortalità. La terapia antibiotica è&#13;\nvolta a prevenire, eradicare e controllare ie infezioni respiratorie.&#13;\nL.M.L., maschio di 21 anni, affetto da FC ad espressività completa, infezione&#13;\npolmonare cronica da Burkholderia cepacia complex (genomovar li) e&#13;\nStaphylococcus aureus meticillino-resistente (MRSA), negli ultimi anni necessita di&#13;\nnumerosi cicli di antibiotico-terapia, spesso in regime cli ricovero per instabilità&#13;\npolmonare, rimanendo comunque in terapia continuativa con azitromicina per os e&#13;\naztreonam per via aerosolica.&#13;\nA dicembre 2012 viene ricoverato per sepsi correlata a catetere venoso centrale&#13;\n(CVC) da stafilococchi coagulasi-negativi (S.hominis e S.epidermidis), trattata con&#13;\nlinezolid per via endovenosa e con daptomicina in lock-therapy.&#13;\nA rnarzo 2015 si manifesta sepsi CVC-correlata da Burkholderia multivorans&#13;\nmultiresistente (MDR), trattata con successo con la combinazione multiantibiotica&#13;\ndi meropenem, cotrimossazolo, amikacina, ceftazidime e minociclina.&#13;\nA settembre 2015 si ha un nuovo ricovero per comparsa di escreato scuro e&#13;\npeggioramento degli indici di funzionalità respiratoria, nonostante 20 giorni di terapia&#13;\nantibiotica orale con linezoiid e cotrimossazolo. Viene quindi trattato con&#13;\nmeropenem 2 g x 3, tobramicina 400 mg/die, sulfametossazolo/trimetoprim&#13;\n1200/240 mg x 3, con soddisfacente risposta clinica. L'esame colturale su escreato&#13;\nha condotto all'isolamento di B.multivorans e MRSA, che per la prima volta ha&#13;\nmostrato resistenza in vitro anche al linezolid (MlC, 16 mg/L). Il ceppo di MRSA è&#13;\nrisultato portatore del gene di resistenza trasferibile cfr, che conferisce un fenotipo&#13;\ndi multiresistenza a svariate classi di farmaci anti-ribosoma (fenicoli, lincosamidi,&#13;\noxazolidinoni, pleuromutiline e streptogramina A) e rappresenta il primo isolato&#13;\nitaliano con questa caratteristica.&#13;\nLa scelta dei regimi di terapia antibiotica dei pazienti con FC non può prescindere&#13;\ndal considerare, oltre ai patterns di suscettibilità dei vari patogeni isolati, le peculiarità&#13;\nfarmacocinetiche indotte dalla malattia di base, la presenza di popolazioni batteriche&#13;\nmiste e di stipiti produttori di biofilm. L'utilizzo massivo e costante di farmaci&#13;\nantibiotici ha da una parte contribuito all'aumento dell'aspettativa di vita, dall'altra&#13;\nespone alla progressiva selezione di microrganismi colonizzanti e/o infettanti MDR&#13;\nsempre più difficili da trattare.
An Engraved Surface Induces Weak Adherence and High Proliferation of Nonadherent Cells and Microorganisms During Culture (2020)

When cells are cultured in a Petri dish, the adherent cells attach to the bottom of the dish; whereas, the nonadherent cells float in the culture medium. It was observed that nonadherent cells could be induced to adherent-like cells when cultured in an engraved plastic dish (biosimulator). The adherence of these cells to the engraved surface could be prevented with inhibitors specific for adhesion. It was also observed that culturing microorganisms of the environment in a biosimulator induced weak adhesion and high proliferation. Analysis of the microbiome using 16S rRNA profiling demonstrated that the biosimulator was more efficient in inducing proliferation of several phyla of microorganisms compared with culture by conventional techniques.
Data from Impact of EGFR-TKI Treatment on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in <i>EGFR</i> Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The impact of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We retrospectively identified 138 patients with &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutated NSCLC who underwent rebiopsy after progression during EGFR-TKI treatment. PD-L1 and CD73 expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density at baseline and after progression were determined by IHC. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was determined by next-generation sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;The proportion of patients with a PD-L1 expression level of ≥50% (high) increased from 14% before to 28% after EGFR-TKI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0010). Whereas CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TIL densities were significantly lower after EGFR-TKI treatment than before, CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TIL density was maintained in tumors with a high PD-L1 expression level. Expression of CD73 in tumor cells after EGFR-TKI treatment was higher than that before in patients with a high PD-L1 expression level. TMB tended to be higher after EGFR-TKI treatment than before (3.3→4.1 mutations/Mbp, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0508). Median progression-free survival for subsequent treatment with antibodies to PD-1 was longer for patients with a high than for those with a low PD-L1 expression after EGFR-TKI (7.1 vs. 1.7 months, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0033), and two of five patients whose PD-L1 expression level changed from low to high after EGFR-TKI treatment achieved a PFS of &gt;6 months.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;EGFR-TKI treatment was associated with changes in the TME of &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutated NSCLC, and such changes may provide clues for optimization of subsequent PD-1 inhibitor treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Choroid plexus protects cerebrospinal fluid against toxic metals (1991)

Although heavy metal ions are known to be toxic to the central nervous system (CNS), the mechanisms by which the CNS may protect itself from initial challenges of such toxic ions is unknown. The choroid plexus is the principal site of formation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes the brain. We have determined in rats and rabbits that after intraperitoneal administration of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic compounds, these toxic metal ions accumulated in the lateral choroid plexus at concentrations of Pb, Hg, and As that were 70-, 95-, and 40-fold higher, respectively, than those found in the CSF. Cd was not detected in the CSF. In addition, concentrations of these heavy metal ions were found to be many fold greater in the choroid plexus than in the brain or blood. The accumulation of Pb in the choroid plexus was dose-dependent and time-related. When the choroid plexus was preincubated, in vitro, with ouabain (1.5 mM), the uptake of Cd from the CSF side of the choroid plexus was inhibited 57%. Cadmium metallothionein was not found in the choroid plexus. Whereas the concentration of reduced glutathione in the choroid plexus was less than that in the brain cortex, the concentration of cystine was fourfold greater. The lateral choroid plexus sequesters Pb, Cd, As, and Hg. It appears to be one of the important mechanisms that protects the CSF and the brain from the fluxes of toxic heavy metals in the blood.
High-Power Hydrogen Arcjet Thrusters (1998)

A radiation-cooled thermal arcjet thruster named HIPARC-R has been developed and investigated. It has been designed for the 100-kW power level and is operated with hydrogen as its propellant. A specie c impulse of 1970 s was obtained with a mass e ow rate of 150 mg/s at the 100-kW power level and at a thruster efe ciency of about 28%. This equals a specie c input power value of 670 MJ/kg. Parallel to the experiments a numerical code system was developed to further optimize the next generation of hydrogen arcjet thrusters. This code system consists of a e nite volume e ow code coupled with program modules for the calculation of thermal, chemical, and electronical properties. In addition, a program module for the calculation of the heat e ow inside the thruster, including heat exchange, has been applied to model the heat transfer processes during thruster operation. The thruster has been operated over a wide power range and has been intensively investigated for the qualie cation of the numerical code system. Within this paper the experimental setup and the code system are described, the performance data are presented, and experimental and numerical results are compared.
Prediction of estrogenicity: validation of a classification model (2006)

(Q)SAR models can be used to reduce animal testing as well as to minimise the testing costs. In particular, classification models have been widely used for estimating endpoints with binary activity. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a classification-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for endocrine disruption, based on interpretable mechanistic descriptors related to estrogenic gene activation. The model predicts the presence or absence of estrogenic activity according to a pre-defined cut-off in activity as determined in a recombinant yeast assay. The experimental data was obtained from the literature. A two-descriptor classification model was developed that has the form of a decision tree. The predictivity of the model was evaluated by using an external test set and by taking into account the limitations associated with the applicability domain (AD) of the model. The AD was determined as coverage of the model descriptor space. After removing the compounds present in the training set and the compounds outside of the AD, the overall accuracy of classification of the test chemicals was used to assess the predictivity of the model. In addition, the model was shown to meet the OECD Principles for (Q)SAR Validation, making it potentially useful for regulatory purposes.
The benign prostate hyperplasia medication WS®1541 positively influences sexual behavior in a stress-induced model in rats (2019)

WS®1541, a phytopharmaceutical combination of extracts from Sabal serrulata fruits (WS®1473) and Urtica dioica roots (WS®1031), used for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in men. This process is frequently accompanied by a disturbance of the sexual function, which can also be caused by stress from the clinical picture and the associated fear of sexual failure.To investigate if WS®1541 has a positive effect on the sexual behavior in rats, we used a stress-induced sexual behavior model, which leads to a reduction of libido. In this experiment male rats were exposed once daily for 3 days to a 30 minutes interruption of the light/dark cycle, 60 minutes after treatment. The animals were treated daily with WS®1541 (100, 300, 900 mg/kg) or vehicle over three consecutive days one hour before stress. For the measurement of sexual behavior males were placed for 12 minutes together with estrus synchronized ovarectomized females. The total number of mounts and of licking the penis was counted. In the stressed group treated with vehicle a significant decrease of the total number of mounts and of licking the penis in comparison with the vehicle treated unstressed group was observed. The treatment with WS®1541 significantly antagonized the sexual dysfunction in a dose dependent manner in comparison with the vehicle treated stressed group.
Cionni endocapsular ring implantation in Marfan's Syndrome (2007)

Cionni ring implantation is an effective procedure to correct partial lens subluxation and has few complications (during 14 months of follow-up) in patients with Marfan's Syndrome.
Methylation of indazoles and related reactions (1973)

When methylated under neutral conditions, 4-, 6- and 7-nitroindazole gave the 2-methyl derivatives as the main products, whereas 5-nitroindazole formed mainly the 1-methyl derivative. On methylation under acidic conditions, 6-nitroindazole yielded only the 1-methyl derivative and 5-nitroindazole solely the 2-methyl derivative. 6-Hydroxyindazole was methylated to give 6-methoxyindazole and 6-hydroxy-2-methylindazole. 1,2-Dimethylindazoline was conveniently synthesised in high yield from 3-chloroindazole. Treatment of 6-nitroindazole with formalin in methanolic hydrochloric acid at 60° gave solely 1-methoxymethyl-6-nitroindazole.
Are surfaces of silicon hardmasks adaptive? (2020)

Silicon hardmask (Si-HM) materials used in lithography processes play a critical role in transferring patterns to desired substrates. In addition, these materials allow for the tuning of optical properties such as reflectivity and optical distribution for better lithography. Si-HM materials also need to possess good compatibility with photoresists before and after optical exposure, during which the photoresist in the exposed area may change polarity. Therefore, Si-HM materials may benefit from adaptive or amphiphilic capabilities to keep both exposed and unexposed photoresist compatible with the substrate. In this work, we will demonstrate that Si-HM surfaces may be adaptive or amphiphilic through both experiments and computer simulation. Specifically, we will demonstrate that the functional groups (polar and nonpolar) at the Si-HM surface may be switchable, and the surface will be dictated by the environment to which the Si-HM is exposed. Knowing the adaptive capability of Si-HM materials will greatly facilitate the development of better underlayer materials for improved lithography.