gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structurally Dissimilar Antimanic Agents Modulate Synaptic Plasticity by Regulating AMPA Glutamate Receptor Subunit GluR1 Synaptic Expression (2003)

A growing body of data from clinical and preclinical studies suggests that the glutamatergic system may represent a novel therapeutic target for severe recurrent mood disorders. Since synapse-specific glutamate receptor expression/localization is known to play critical roles in synaptic plasticity, we investigated the effects of mood stabilizers on AMPA receptor expression. Rats were treated chronically with lithium or valproate, hippocampal synaptosomes were isolated, and GluR1 levels were determined. Additionally, hippocampal neurons were prepared from E18 rat embryos and treated with lithium or valproate. Surface expression of GluR1 was determined using a biotinylation assay, and double-immunostaining with anti-GluR1 and anti-synaptotagmin antibodies was used to determine synaptic GluR1 levels. The AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 expression in hippocampal synaptosomes was significantly reduced by both chronic lithium and valproate. Overall, these studies show that AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 is a common target for two structurally highly dissimilar, but highly efficacious, mood stabilizers, lithium and valproate. These studies suggest that regulation of glutamatergically mediated synaptic plasticity may play a role in the treatment of mood disorders, and raise the possibility that agents more directly affecting synaptic GluR1 may represent novel therapies for this devastating illness.
Multi-frequency Model Fusion for Robust Breathing Rate Estimation (2019)

Breathing rate (BR) is an important physiological indicator monitored for a variety of chronic diseases. Since direct measurement devices are often cumbersome to wear, we hence aim to obtain an accurate estimation of BR using other monitored signals, such as PPG or ECG. However, derived modulations from these signals are highly dependent on patient and activity type, making the task difficult as to switching among the modulations. We have previously proposed respiration quality index(RQI) based selection method to update the optimal modulation in a realtime manner. A fusion strategy has also been proposed by coupling the RQI with a Kalman smoother to further exploit the sinusoidal waveforms observed from different modulations. In the current study, we further investigate the enhancement of model complexity of the Kalman smoother by introducing multiple frequency dynamics. Performances are compared to reference methods (Pi-mentel2016, Karlen2013) on the Capnobase Benchmark dataset. In particular, our enhanced KS method achieves a median absolute error and 25-75 percentile range of 0.22(0.16 -0.64) bpm, as compared with 0.35(0.28 0.89) bpm from our previous KS fusion method and 1.1(0.3 2.6) bpm from the best reference method in the literature
Engineering Light at the Nanoscale: Structural Color Filters and Broadband Perfect Absorbers (2017)

Abstract Recent advances in fabrication and processing methods have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of nanostructures that provide novel ways of manipulating light interaction on a well controllable manner, thereby enabling a wide variety of innovative applications. Structural colors have shown great promise as an alternative for existing colorant‐based filters due to their noticeable advantages, which open up diverse potential applications such as energy‐efficient displays, ultrahigh‐resolution imaging, ultrahigh‐sensitivity biosensors, and building‐integrated photovoltaics. Broadband perfect absorbers, which exploit extraordinary optical phenomena at subwavelength scale, have also received increasing attention due to their capability of improving efficiency and performance characteristics of various applications including thermoelectrics, invisibility, solar‐thermal‐energy harvesting, and imaging. This review highlights some recent progress in these two related fields. The structural colors based on optical resonances in thin‐film structures, guided‐mode resonances in slab waveguide gratings, and surface plasmon resonances in plasmonic nanoresonators are described. Representative achievements associated with the broadband perfect absorbers, which include schemes employing highly absorbing media, multi‐cavity resonances, and broadband impedance matching are investigated.
Polysulfones with Phenylalanine Derivatives as Chiral Selectors – Membranes for Chiral Separation (2012)

Polysulfone with a derivative of phenylalanyl residue as a chiral selector (PSf-Ac-D-Phe or PSf-Ac-L-Phe) were prepared by polymer reaction of benzylamine-modified polysulfones with N-a-acetyl-D-phenylalanine or N-a-acetyl-L-phenylalanine. Both polysulfones having a chiral selector gave durable self-standing membranes. The specific rotations of those polymers revealed that the chiral selectors were successfully introduced into the polysulfone. PSf-Ac-D-Phe membrane incorporated L-Glu in preference to D-Glu and vice versa. The chiral separation ability was studied by applying a concentration gradient as a driving force for membrane transport. Permselectivities for those two types of membrane reflected their adsorption selectivities. PSf-Ac-D-Phe membrane selectively transported L-Glu and vice versa. Predicted permselectivities by adopting membrane resistance coincided with the observed ones.
The Taming of the Shrew: Tailoring Freak Wave Sequences for Seakeeping Tests (2008)

If you want to build a ship, don't drum up people together to collect woodand don't assign them tasks and work but rather teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea.___Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1900–1944)___The basic law of the seaway is the apparent lack of any law.___Lord Rayleigh___Based on the wave focusing technique for the generation of task-related wave packets, a new technique is proposed for the synthesization of tailored design wave sequences in extreme seas. The physical wave field is fitted to predetermined global and local target characteristics designed in terms of significant wave height, peak period, as well as wave height, crest height, and period of individual waves. The generation procedure is based on two steps: First, a linear approximation of the desired wave train is computed by a sequential quadratic programming method that optimizes an initially random phase spectrum for a given variance spectrum. The wave board motion derived from this initial guess serves as a starting point for directly fitting the physical wave train to the target parameters. The subplex method is applied to improve systematically a certain time frame of the wave board motion, which is responsible for the evolution of the response-related design wave sequence. The discrete wavelet transform is introduced to reduce significantly the number of free variables to be considered in the fitting process. Wavelet analysis allows the efficient localization of the relevant information on the electrical control signal of the wave maker in time and frequency domain. As the presented technique permits the deterministic generation of design rogue wave sequences in extreme seas, it is well suited for investigating the mechanism of arbitrary wave-structure interactions, including capsizing, slamming, and green water as well as other survivability design aspects. Even worst case wave sequences, such as the Draupner New Year wave, can be modeled in the wave tank to analyze the evolution of these events and to evaluate the response of offshore structures under abnormal conditions. This procedure is illustrated by investigations of an offshore lift operation, of the behavior of a semisubmersible and an FPSO in tailored freak waves as well as the analysis of ship capsizing in deterministic wave sequences at selected target positions.
Cytomegalovirus infection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (1999)

There is a wealth of clinical and experimental evidence indicating the interaction of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and rejection in cardiac and other solid organ allografts. A plausible explanation for this association comes from data showing that therapy with biologicals, sepsis, and rejection, all lead to the release of TNF-alpha which, upon binding to its receptor, activates NF-kB. TNF-alpha is also able to stimulate the activity of the CMV-IE enhancer/promoter region. CMV infection of several cell lines leads to NF-kB activation. NF-kB binding sites are present in regulatory regions of various cellular and viral genes, including the IE enhancer region of CMV. In a reciprocal situation, CMV infection, most likely via gamma-interferon, leads to upregulation of MHC antigens in the transplant and, thereby, to increased transplant immunogenicity. Thus, a vicious circle is induced. We have investigated in detail the pathobiology of CMV and allograft vasculopathy (chronic rejection) in experimental animals, using aortic and cardiac allografts as well as a trachea model. The results may be summarized as follows: Infection of the recipient with rat CMV results in an early inflammatory response in the aortic and cardiac allograft vascular adventitia and intima (endothelialitis) and in the airway wall of tracheal allografts. This early inflammatory response leads to enhanced intimal thickness in aortic and cardiac allografts and enhanced luminal occlusion of tracheal allografts. Timewise, this coincides with early activation of intragraft inflammatory leukocytes and increased mRNA of various growth factors and cytokines. When the recipients receive gancyclovir, the enhanced intimal response in aortic and cardiac allografts and luminal occlusion in tracheal allografts is entirely abolished. Gancyclovir treatment dramatically reduces the inflammatory response in the allograft, and thereby growth factor synthesis in response to injury. However, gancyclovir does not prevent the expression of IE antigen of CMV, suggested to inactivate tumor suppressor protein p53 predisposing smooth muscle cells to increased growth. Taken together, the effect of CMV infection on cardiac allograft dysfunction is bidirectional and biphasic. The bidirectional nature emerges from the observations that acute CMV infection may accelerate acute rejection, and, on the other hand, acute alloimmune response-associated cytokine response may activate latent CMV infection. The biphasic effect of CMV on allograft dysfunction refers to its early and late detrimental effects, i.e. during the time of acute and chronic rejection. These two effects of CMV on allograft dysfunction emphasize the need for precise diagnosis of CMV infection in transplant recipients and pre-emptive or prophylactic anti-viral therapy. The benefits of this strategy may not be evident during the early post-transplant period, but 5-10 years after transplantation they manifest as better graft survival.
Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Approach to 3-(Diarylmethylene)oxindoles from Propiolamidoaryl Triflate (2015)

3-(Diarylmethylene)oxindoles have been synthesized from propiolamidoaryl triflate utilizing a palladium-catalyzed one-pot reaction consisting of three successive reactions: Sonogashira, Heck, and Suzuki-Miyaura. This method allows for the production of a complex skeleton of 3-(diarylmethylene)oxindole from propiolamidoaryl triflate using a commercially available aryl iodide and arylboronic acid in a simple and efficient way with moderate yield and stereoselectivity.
Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Cardiac Remodeling and Contractile Function: Results From Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) (2015)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00271154.
An All-Digital PLL for Cellular Mobile Phones in 28-nm CMOS with −55 dBc Fractional and −91 dBc Reference Spurs (2018)

We propose a time-predictive architecture of an all-digital PLL (ADPLL) for cellular radios, which is optimized for advanced CMOS. It is based on a 1/8-length time-to-digital converter (TDC) of stabilized 7-ps resolution, as well as wide tuning range, and fine-resolution class-F digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with only switchable metal capacitors. The 0.4-mW TDC clocked at 40 MHz maintains 7-ps resolution for <;-107 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise while the 7.3-mW DCO emits -157 dBc/Hz at 20 MHz offset at 2 GHz. Reference spurs are <;-91 dBc, while fractional spurs are <;-55 dBc. The ADPLL supports a 2-point modulation and consumes 11.5-mW while occupying 0.22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Resolutions with families of resolving agents : principles and practice (2002)

Om de inhoud van dit proefschrift en de relevantie ervan te kunnen begrijpen, is het nodig eerst iets uit te leggen over de ruimtelijke structuur van moleculen. Veel moleculen kunnen voorkomen in zogenaamde spiegelbeeldvormen. Dit komt doordat deze moleculen een koolstofatoom (C-atoom) hebben waaraan vier verschillende groepen gebonden zijn. De spiegelbeeldvormen zijn gelijk in eigenschappen, afgezien van het feit dat ze elkaars spiegelbeeld zijn. Je zou dit kunnen vergelijken met onze handen. Leg ze maar eens naast elkaar; ze zijn hetzelfde, maar elkaars spiegelbeeld. Dit fenomeen noemen we chiraliteit, naar het Griekse woord voor hand. In het Engels heet chiraliteit ook wel handedness (Figuur 1). ... Zie: Samenvatting
Nucleation, propagation, electronic levels and elimination of misfit dislocations in III-V semiconductor interfaces. Final report, September 1, 1986--August 31, 1993 (1995)

Misfit dislocations in gallium arsenides, indium arsenides, and zinc selenides are discussed. The growth of strained epitaxial layers, isolation and nucleation, thermal stability, and electronic and structural characteristics of misfit dislocations are described.
Monte Carlo simulation of film morphology of carbon overcoat (2004)

In this paper, we describe carbon film morphology under different deposition conditions using Monte Carlo simulation.
Modification of the conformational equilibria in the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase with glutaraldehyde (1983)

Glutaraldehyde treatment of electroplax membrane preparations of Na,K-ATPase leads to irreversible changes in the enzymic behavior of the protein, which are not due to modification of the active site. When the glutaraldehyde treatment is carried out in a medium containing K+ and without Na+, the "K+-modified enzyme" so produced shows the following changes in enzymic properties: The steady-state phosphorylation by ATP and the rate of ATP-ADP exchange are decreased to approximately 40% of control, while Na,K-ATPase activity decreases to approximately 15% of control. Phosphatase activity is decreased very little, but the potassium activation parameters of the reaction are changed, from K0.5 approximately equal to 5 mM and nH = 1.9 in control to K0.5 approximately equal to 0.5 mM and nH = 1 in K+-modified enzyme. KI(app) for nucleotide inhibition of phosphatase activity is increased significantly. Changes in the cation dependence of the ATPase reaction are also observed. All of these effects can be explained by assuming that the cross-linking of surface groups in protein subunits when they are in conformation E2 shifts the intrinsic conformational equilibrium of the enzyme toward E2. We considered the simplest mathematical model for the coupling between K+ binding and the conformational equilibrium, with equivalent potassium sites that must be simultaneously in the same state. If one assumes that the potassium activation of phosphatase activity in the K+-modified enzyme reflects the affinity for K+ of E2, the behavior of the phosphatase activity in the native enzyme can be fit if there are only two potassium sites, whose affinity is 80-fold higher in E2 than in E1, and the equilibrium constant for E2 in equilibrium E1 is about 250. The same sites can explain the activation of dephosphorylation during ATP hydrolysis. Independent of the model chosen, potassium ions must be required for the catalytic action of form E2 and cannot be merely "allosteric activators". The enzyme modified with glutaraldehyde in a medium containing Na+ also has interesting properties, but their rationalization is less straightforward. The Na,K-ATPase activity is inhibited more than the "partial reactions", as in the K+-modified enzyme. We suggest that this is a generally expected result of modifications of the enzyme.
Hot Spinning Test for Ceramic Moving Blades. (1993)

The inlet temperature of a gas turbine has been increased to improve its thermal efficiency. Accordingly, the technique of applying ceramics to the hot parts of a gas turbine has been studied recently. Among them, moving blades are rotating parts and used under severe thermal and vibrating conditions. Toshiba has developed ceramic moving blades for a 1300°C-level gas turbine, and is planning to mount them on a pilot experimental gas turbine in the near future. Hot spinning test equipment has been developed, and these ceramic blades were tested under conditions similar to those of the pilot machine. Furthermore, limitation tests for overtemperature and 110 percent overspeed were carried out. In consequence, the reliability of ceramic moving blades was ascertained. In this paper, the results of a hot spinning test for the ceramic blades are described, and the process and some problems in the development of the test equipment are also discussed.
Authorizer's Assistant: a knowledge-based system for credit authorization (2002)

In 1988, American Express deployed the Authorizer's Assistant (AA), a knowledge-based expert system for credit authorization. The AA went through two distinct phases: the pilot and the rollout. The goal of the pilot was to determine whether artificial intelligence could apply at American Express. For the pilot, expertise for handling credit authorization requests was developed and evaluated. The result was a sound business case for implementation. For rollout, the system was made robust and stable. A fault tolerant architecture was designed to provide round-the-clock service. The resulting system has been expanded and has evolved with company credit policy.
DroidDolphin (2014)

Smartphones are getting more and more popular nowadays with various kinds of applications to make our lives more convenient. Unfortunately, malicious applications, also known as malware, arises as well. A user is often tempted into install a malware without any awareness, and the malware steals the users' personal information. Some malware would send SMS or make phone calls, which result in additional charges. Thus, detection of malware is critical to protect smartphone users.
Should Rural Gifted Education Be Different? A Survey of Teacher Educators. (1987)

Gifted education is not provided in many rural schools. Some teacher educators believe that one of the reasons for this is that gifted teachers and gifted teacher training programs are oriented to provide education applicable only to urban and suburban settings. This paper presents the results of a survey of representatives of teacher training institutions offering gifted education programs. The group surveyed was derived from the list developed by Parker and Karnes [61. Each respondent was asked to indicate whether or not differentiation of gifted teacher education for rural gifted teachers was necessary. More than 60010 of the respondents believed that differentiation was necessary. All areas surveyed, e.g., teaching methods, program development, guidance counseling, underachievement, identification practices, program administration and evaluation, etc., were candidates for differentiation with the greatest need being in the areas of program development, curriculum development, and identification.
Sizing Subwavelength Defects With Ultrasonic Imagery: An Assessment of Super-Resolution Imaging on Simulated Rough Defects (2019)

There is a constant drive within the nuclear power industry to improve upon the characterization capabilities of current ultrasonic inspection techniques in order to improve safety and reduce costs. Particular emphasis has been placed on the ability to characterize very small defects which could result in extended component lifespan and help reduce the frequency of in-service inspections. Super-resolution (SR) algorithms, also known as sampling methods, have been shown to demonstrate the capability to resolve scatterers separated by less than the diffraction limit when deployed in representative inspections and therefore could be used to tackle this issue. In this paper, the factorization method (FM) and the Time Reversal Multiple-Signal-Classification (TR-MUSIC) algorithms are applied to the simulated ultrasonic array inspection of small rough embedded planar defects to establish their characterization capabilities. Their performance was compared to the conventional total focusing method (TFM). A full 2-D finite-element (FE) Monte Carlo modeling study was conducted for defects with a range of sizes, orientations, and magnitude of surface roughness. The results presented show that for subwavelength defects, both the FM and TR-MUSIC algorithms were able to size and estimate defect orientation accurately for smooth cases and, for rough defects, up to a roughness of 100 [Formula: see text]. This level of roughness is representative of the thermal fatigue defects encountered in the nuclear power sector. This contrasted with the relatively poor performance of TFM in these cases which consistently oversized these defects and could not be used to estimate the defect orientation, making through-wall sizing with this method impossible.
A switch-over method for a long distance fixed wireless access (22 GHz band, 6.3 Mbit/s) link (2004)

While a number of features make fixed wireless access (FWA) technology a candidate for effective high bandwidth network infrastructure solutions, several factors, primarily heavy rainfall, can hamper the availability of a FWA link. To overcome this pitfall, a possible solution is using backup wired routes for most critical/vulnerable segments of the FWA network. In this paper we propose a parameterized configuration model for a switch operating with a primary (FWA) route and secondary (ISDN) backup route. We use data collected during an approx. 3 years experiment to study the impact of the parameter settings and determine optimal configuration in order to maximize the overall system availability.
SAR in Parallel Transmission (2008)

Parallel transmission bears the potential of compensating B1 fleld inhomogeneities induced by wave propagation efiects in (ultra) high fleld whole body MR imaging. However, with increasing fleld strength, the RF power deposition and the associated local speciflc absorption rate (SAR) represent an important attention point with respect to patient safety. This paper presents simulations of a 3T whole body eight-channel transmit/receive body coil loaded with a human bio-mesh model. Phantom SAR simulations were carried out and validated by temperature measurements. A good correlation between SAR simulations and measured temperature was obtained, so that the FDTD method can be considered to be a valuable tool in determining (local) SAR for patient safety in multi-channel transmission MRI systems.