gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy against larvae ofAedes aegypti: confocal microscopy and fluorescence-lifetime imaging (2014)

Recently a few demonstration on the use of Photodynamic Reaction as possibility to eliminate larvae that transmit diseases for men has been successfully demonstrated. This promising tool cannot be vastly used due to many problems, including the lake of investigation concerning the mechanisms of larvae killing as well as security concerning the use of photosensitizers in open environment. In this study, we investigate some of the mechanisms in which porphyrin (Photogem) is incorporated on the <i>Aedes aegypti</i> larvae previously to illumination and killing. Larvae at second <i>instar</i> were exposed to the photosensitizer and after 30 minutes imaged by a confocal fluorescence microscope. It was observed the presence of photosensitizer in the gut and at the digestive tract of the larva. Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging showed greater photosensitizer concentration in the intestinal wall of the samples, which produces a strong decrease of the Photogem fluorescence lifetime. For Photodynamic Therapy exposition to different light doses and concentrations of porphyrin were employed. Three different light sources (LED, Fluorescent lamp, Sun light) also were tested. Sun light and fluorescent lamp shows close to 100% of mortality after 24 hrs. of illumination. These results indicate the potential use of photodynamic effect against the LARVAE of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>.
Learning to reach by reinforcement learning using a receptive field based function approximation approach with continuous actions (2009)

Reinforcement learning methods can be used in robotics applications especially for specific target-oriented problems, for example the reward-based recalibration of goal directed actions. To this end still relatively large and continuous state-action spaces need to be efficiently handled. The goal of this paper is, thus, to develop a novel, rather simple method which uses reinforcement learning with function approximation in conjunction with different reward-strategies for solving such problems. For the testing of our method, we use a four degree-of-freedom reaching problem in 3D-space simulated by a two-joint robot arm system with two DOF each. Function approximation is based on 4D, overlapping kernels (receptive fields) and the state-action space contains about 10,000 of these. Different types of reward structures are being compared, for example, reward-on- touching-only against reward-on-approach. Furthermore, forbidden joint configurations are punished. A continuous action space is used. In spite of a rather large number of states and the continuous action space these reward/punishment strategies allow the system to find a good solution usually within about 20 trials. The efficiency of our method demonstrated in this test scenario suggests that it might be possible to use it on a real robot for problems where mixed rewards can be defined in situations where other types of learning might be difficult.
Selection of in vivo retrovirally transduced hepatocytes leads to efficient and predictable mouse liver repopulation (2001)

ABSTRACT Stable liver gene transfer is generally limited by the low efficiency of commonly used vectors. One way to circumvent this difficulty is to confer a selective advantage on transduced hepatocytes, allowing them to progressively repopulate the liver. We have used a strategy for in vivo selection and controlled amplification of a small percentage of retrovirally engineered hepatocytes. Using a bicistronic retroviral vector encoding a reporter gene and Bcl2, which confers on liver cells a survival advantage against the Fas apoptotic pathway, we demonstrate that 1.5% of initially transduced hepatocytes repopulate up to 85% of the liver after 10 injections of a Fas agonist antibody. Moreover, we show that the kinetics of liver repopulation is highly predictable. This system provides a general means of expanding at will engineered hepatocytes in vivo and offering the possibility to obtain a genetically modified liver expressing a gene of interest in a desired proportion of hepatocytes.
Risk assessment for Collision Avoidance Systems (2014)

Collision Avoidance Systems need to perform scene analysis and risk assessment in order to react conveniently. Based on the information provided by the perception system, scene analysis has to predict the evolution of the current driving situation for the near future. Thanks to the predicted trajectories of the relevant traffic participants, the risk of collision on the ego vehicle can be calculated. In many cases, a predicted trajectory is not defined with explicit equations but is given as a set of sampled poses, each one corresponding to a different future time instant. A predicted trajectory being always uncertain, confidence has to be estimated on the so predicted poses. We present a method that propagates the known error covariance matrix of the current pose of the ego vehicle by considering local approximations of the predicted trajectory. This allows to estimate the risk of collision of the ego vehicle with a considered target object. The proposed approach uses a Monte Carlo simulation to approximate the probability that the ego vehicle and the object come into collision at a given future time instant. Each sample time of the whole prediction horizon is considered as a potential collision time so that a curve describing the variation of the risk of collision is obtained. This allows the system to have a better comprehension of the scene and to react proportionally to the threat. The overall approach has been tested with simulated data and the consistency of results is shown.
Molecular predictors of long-term response to crizotinib in ALK+ advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. (2018)

e21038 Background: While most ALK+ NSCLC patients (pts) initially respond to crizotinib, resistance ultimately develops. The identification of fusion partners and mutations in ALK has led to the development of subsequent generations of TKIs designed to more efficiently bind and inhibit ALK. Although a 60% response rate1 is observed with these newer generation TKIs, pts inevitably relapse. Together these data suggest that factors other than the molecular status of ALK determine the rate and duration of response. 1 Rosenbaum et al. Genomic heterogeneity of ALK fusion breakpoints in non-small-cell lung cancer. Mod Pathol. (2018) 00, 1-18 Methods: Exome sequencing on primary and metastatic tissue was performed to identify genomic aberrations and ALK fusions. RNA sequencing was performed on select samples to confirm fusions. Baseline blood samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify proteomic profiles. Pts were grouped by response and defined as long-term responders (LR) with a PFS ≥24 mos (n=8), responders (R) with a PFS between 3 and 24 mos (n=10), and non-responders (NR) with a PFS <3 mos (n=6). Results: Twenty-four pts with stage III-IV ALK+ NSCLC received crizotinib either as first or second-line treatment. Median duration of therapy was 11.1 mos (range 1-40.3 mos) and median PFS was 13.6 mos at data cut-off. The median PFS in LR, R and NR was 32.6 vs. 11.7 vs. 1.6 mos, respectively. EML4-ALK variant 3, involved in ALK resistance1, was identified at baseline and relapse in 3 NR pts. While we could not confirm their predictive value due to our small cohort, we identified novel ALK gene fusions in both NR and LR. Proteomic analysis revealed that baseline expression levels of TSP1, LUM, SODE and CO6A1 were significantly higher while FRIL and MMP9 were lower in LR versus N or NR. 1 Woo CG et al: Differential protein stability and clinical responses of EML4-ALK fusion variants to various ALK inhibitors in advanced ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2017 Apr 1, 28 (4): 791-797 Conclusions: By comparing the different response subgroup profiles, we identified molecular determinants that may help predict which pts will likely derive a durable response with ALK+ inhibitors. Clinical trial information: NCT02041468.
Definition and Evaluation of Local Path Recovery Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (2009)

In wireless sensor and actuator networks nodes can fail and the link quality can fluctuate rapidly over time. With the start of the pervasive revolution, issues like scalability and mobility must be tackled in these low-power and lossy networks. We propose and evaluate two mechanisms, path resumption and cost based multipath routing, which can help existing or new local path recovery techniques to achieve a higher success rate. With path resumption we turn the network into several virtual mountain landscapes.This will help the search for new paths if necessary. Cost based multipath routing enables the nodes to balance the load over a configured number of paths. The main objective is keeping suboptimal paths alive while keeping the maintenance overhead low. This way local recovery will achieve a higher success rate. The protocols are implemented in and simulated with ns-2 and evaluated by using WiNVis, a new wireless network visualisator. We have defined a new set of failure and mobility scenarios and we have compared the performance of both the protocols. Path resumption has a lower complexity and is less suitable for mobile scenarios whereas Cost Based Multipath Routing offers more adjustable parameters and a better mobility support.
Cross-sectional TEM Observations of Si Wafers Irradiated With Gas Cluster Ion Beams (2006)

Irradiation by a Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB) is a promising technique for precise surface etching and planarization of Si wafers. However, it is very important to understand the crystalline structure of Si wafers after GCIB irradiation. In this study, the near surface structure of a Si (100) wafer was analyzed after GCIB irradiation, using a cross‐sectional transmission electron microscope (XTEM). Ar‐GCIB, that physically sputters Si atoms, and SF6‐GCIB, that chemically etches the Si surface, were both used. After GCIB irradiation, high temperature annealing was performed in a hydrogen atmosphere. From XTEM observations, the surface of a virgin Si wafer exhibited completely crystalline structures, but the existence of an amorphous Si and a transition layer was confirmed after GCIB irradiation. The thickness of amorphous layer was about 30 nm after Ar‐GCIB irradiation at 30 keV. However, a very thin (< 5 nm) layer was observed when 30 keV SF6‐GCIB was used. The thickness of the transition layer was the same both Ar and SF6‐GCIB irradiation. After annealing, the amorphous Si and transition layers had disappeared, and a complete crystalline structure with an atomically smooth surface was observed.
A Modular Differential Dielectric Sensor for Use in Multiphase Separation, Process Measurement, and Control—Part I: Analytical Modeling (2011)

Oil industry increasingly demands accurate and stable continuous measurement of the percent water in crude oil production streams (watercut) over the entire 0 to 100% range. High accuracy and stability are also required for surface measurement to support niche applications such as control of processes which remove trace amounts of oil and particulates from produced water prior to disposal. Differential dielectric sensors (DDS) have been developed by Chevron as independent tools connected with multiphase meters for process management and composition measurement. This paper is a two-part paper—the first part (current paper) deals with analytical modeling of the DDS (configured in a single ended mode) and the second part (accompanying paper) discusses the results of key experimental investigations obtained in a differential mode. The main objective of this paper is to develop appropriate mathematical models for the DDS which characterize the microwave attenuation and phase shift as functions of fluid properties, sensor geometry and operational conditions. Forward models based on the analysis of microwave propagation have been developed for sensors configured as circular waveguides. Results of this project will be useful for optimization and refinement of multiphase meters.
A predator-prey economic system of tax evasion and corrupt behavior (2022)

The goal of this research is to study an economic system characterized by the coexistence of tax evading citizens with corrupt auditors (public officials), that is a system of predators-preys, i.e. corrupts and not, evaders and not. We show that citizens choose non-corrupt behavior when their utility exceeds a threshold level with respect to an optimal progressive tax rate. On the other hand, auditors choose non-corrupt behavior if their utility is higher than a certain threshold level depending on the fines and probabilities of being sanctioned. Being aware of this situation, a government or central authority must study a dynamic evolutionary economic system (a generalized predator-prey model) by analyzing all possible steady states of this economic system. The stability of the steady states depends on the crucial parameters of the model, namely: i) a socially negative impact exerted by corrupt public officials or auditors on the evolution of the economic society, ii) the impact of the social weight of the citizens who pay taxes on corrupt auditors, iii) the behavior of imitation of the agents when perceiving the possibilities of being sanctioned or not, and iv) the inertia and feedback of the corrupt system (dishonest behavior and tax evasion). We conclude by highlighting the importance of bifurcations or qualitative changes in the parameters of this economic system to fight corruption and evasion.
Re: I am Disappointed Obituary to Peter Schmiedek (2021)

We are all used to your style of leaving parties and events quietly, early before they reach their end. You like to take the bill generously and quietly, one-on-one with the waiter in the back, before your guests and team have finished their deserts. We always appreciated this peculiar, restless side of your personality and were waiting for the next opportunity when you would bring us together in an enjoyable setting.
Current Considerations in Surgical Treatment for Adolescents and Young Women with Breast Cancer (2022)

Adolescents and young women (AYA) with breast cancer represent a unique patient population, compared to the general population with breast cancer. We performed a literature review to evaluate the factors that influenced the surgical outcomes in this patient population. Fifty-two studies were identified, which evaluated breast surgery type, axillary surgery, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), surgical timing, psychological factors, disparities, and imaging use. AYA patients had equivalent oncologic outcomes with breast conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. CPM did not improve survival. There are limited data on axillary management in the AYA population, and while more data would be beneficial, this is currently extrapolated from the general breast cancer population. A shorter time to initiate treatment correlated to better outcomes, and disparities need to be overcome for optimal outcomes. AYA patients appreciated involvement in clinical decisions, and shared decision making should be considered whenever possible. Providers must keep these factors in mind when counseling AYA patients, regarding the surgical management of breast cancer.
A Direct Entry to Bicyclic Cyclobutenes via Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Allenynes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Cyanohydrins (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of a fibre optic micro-optrode for intracellular pH measurements (1997)

The authors describe the production and experimental evaluation of a miniaturised fibre optic micro-optrode which has been designed for intracellular measurements. The fabrication process initially involves the controlled tapering of a single-mode optical fibre to yield micron- and submicron-diameter tips. By selectively coating the fibre tips with a thin metal film, it is possible to form a light-transmissive optical aperture at the tip. Such tapered and coated fibres are similar to the probes used in near-field optical microscopy. The probes here are converted to micron and submicron pH sensors by immobilising a fluorescent pH sensitive reagent within a glass film which is deposited on the surface of the fibre tip using a sol-gel process. When appropriate pump radiation is guided to the tip of the sensor, the fluorescence yield of the pH-sensitive reagent is indicative of the pH of the environment of the sensor. The authors have successfully used these sensors to monitor the pH of buffer solutions inside micron-size holes in a polycarbonate membrane and to probe the intracellular environment of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. It was found that the sensors were reversible in the pH range 3–10.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activityin Vitro of Novel 1,5-Benzodiazepines. Part II (2001)

The reaction of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzodiazepine (1) with cinnamoyl chloride leading to the formation of 1-cinnamoyl derivative 2 is described. Two novel benzodiazepines, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepine (3) and 1-cinnamoyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepine (4), were synthesized by the reduction of 1 and 2 using NaBH4 in i-PrOH and two other derivatives 5 and 6 were obtained by reaction of 4 with equimolar and dimolar quantity of cinnamoyl chloride, respectively. The structures of 1-6 were confirmed by analytical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, and MS). 7-Carboxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzodiazepine (7) was synthesized and its crystals were subjected to X-ray analysis. Benzodiazepines 1-6 were evaluated for antiproliferative activity in vitro. Among the compounds tested, 4-6 exhibited cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, namely SW707 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), A549 (lung cancer), and HCV29T (bladder cancer).
Threshold selection using estimates from truncated normal distribution (1989)

Two situations in which the image gray-level histogram cannot be used for threshold determination are: (1) the situation in which the background noise by itself has a multimodal distribution; and (2) the situation in which the object is so small that its contribution to the histogram is overwhelmed by the noise portion even if the noise distribution is unimodal. To alleviate these two undesirable conditions, local average, the central limit theorem, and a statistical theory for truncated data analysis are used to: (1) make the noise part of the histogram appear unimodal; and (2) cut off a large portion of the background so that the object portion in the histogram becomes more prominent. The gray-level distributions for the background and the object are then estimated and used to find an optimum threshold.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DARK BURSTS IN THESWIFTERA: THE PALOMAR 60 INCH-SWIFTEARLY OPTICAL AFTERGLOW CATALOG (2009)

We present multicolor optical observations of long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) made over a three-year period with the robotic Palomar 60 inch telescope (P60). Our sample consists of all 29 events discovered by Swift for which P60 began observations less than 1 hr after the burst trigger. We were able to recover 80% of the optical afterglows from this prompt sample, and we attribute this high efficiency to our red coverage. Like Melandri et al. (2008), we find that a significant fraction (≈50%) of Swift events show a suppression of the optical flux with regard to the X-ray emission (the so-called "dark" bursts). Our multicolor photometry demonstrates this is likely due in large part to extinction in the host galaxy. We argue that previous studies, by selecting only the brightest and best-sampled optical afterglows, have significantly underestimated the amount of dust present in typical GRB environments.&#13;\n
Selected aerothermal CFD analyses of high-pressure turbine topics within the AITEB-2 project (2008)

The AITEB-2 project (Aerothermal Investigations of Turbine Endwalls and Blades) is a running European Frame Work 6 project, now in its 4 th year. The project consortium of 17 partners brings together major European aero engine and gas turbine manufactures as well as leading European experts in the field of Aerothermodynamics to jointly address future challenges associated with the design of high-lift turbine components which are feasible from an aerodynamic, aerothermal, economic and environmental point of view. The project main technical and scientific objectives comprise: a) improved understanding of film cooling and heat transfer in regions of separated flow, b) decreased amount of coolant flow required by establishing advanced cooling concepts in regions of separated flow, as well as in trailing edge, rotor tip and platform regions, c) development of novel techniques to measure heat transfer in rotating systems and in unsteady flow, d) accelerated industrial design by developing CAD-to-Mesh tools for speeding up the CFD with overall significant impacts on turbine design as well as on the aircraft system in the short and mid-term. Giving a brief overview of the project, the presentation to be given will focus on selected topics from all technical work packages in order to document the wide variety of aerodynamic and aerothermal topics investigated within the AITEB-2 project. Figures 1-3 show selected results of CFD application as well as of tool development. Moreover and based on the examples presented, it will point out limitations of modelling approaches using CFD based on steady RANS and draw conclusions on the needs of short and mid-term CFD developments efforts. REFERENCES [1] AITEB-2 project external website: http://www.aiteb-2.eu/ Figure 1: Film-cooling in regions of separated flow Figure 2: CFD for advanced tip-cooling concepts Figure 3: a) Rapid meshing capabilities as part of CFD optimisation process, and b) pin-fin array surface temperature contours resulting from the optimisation process. Flow separation unsteady / steady Re-attachment
Evaluation of relationship between STP-cable grounding and mode conversion taking into account imbalance factor (2012)

In grounding an STP cable, mode conversion occurs depending on how to ground it. For investigating the mode conversion in a four-conductor transmission-line system that consists of three conductors and the system ground such as the STP cable above the system ground, as shown in Fig. 1. we have developed modal equivalent circuit expressed by an imbalance factor of transmission line, a current division factor, in the same way as we developed the one in a three-conductor transmission-line system. The modal equivalent circuit consists of three modal equivalent circuits of normal mode (Fig. 2), primary common mode (Fig. 3), and secondary common mode(Fig. 4). In this paper, mode conversion between normal mode and primary common mode was evaluated using mixed-mode S parameters and the measured data validated the modal equivalent circuit. As a result, it was found that mode conversion depends on the imbalance factor and it was examined how to ground for suppressing mode conversion.