gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal modification of wax-impregnated wood to enhance its physical, mechanical, and biological properties (2016)

Abstract Thermal modification is the most important commercial modification procedure. Thermally modified (TM) wood has improved durability, but its performance does not meet expectations predominately under moist conditions. To reduce water uptake of TM wood, Norway spruce specimens were treated with suspensions of a natural wax by dipping impregnation (DipI) or by vacuum-pressure impregnation (VPI). Wax-treated specimens were subsequently TM at 185, 200, 215, and 230°C. Control specimens were heated up to 100°C only. Contact angle (CA), short-term and long-term water uptake, bending strength, and performance against wood decay fungi of the resulting material were determined. The results show that a combination of wax treatment and thermal modification have a synergistic effect that considerably improves hydrophobicity, reduces liquid water uptake, slows down water vapor uptake, and improves the resistance against fungal decay of the treated material.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CEPHALOSPORINS WITH SUBSTITUTED THIADIAZOLES DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO THE C3‐POSITION. I. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐(5‐SUBSTITUTED‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOL‐2‐YL)CEPH‐3‐EM DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Der Formylbenzhydrylester (I) ergibt die Kondensationsprodukte (II), die direkt oder in Form ihrer Acetylderivate mit 2,3‐Dichlor‐5,6‐dicy‐ ano‐benzochinon zu den Thiadiazolen (III) cyclisiert werden.
Flow control over delta wings at high angles of attack (1993)

The possibility of delaying vortex breakdown to higher angles of attack by employing control surfaces is studied experimentally. The effect of control surfaces is tested for fixed and dynamically pitching delta wings. Flow visualization, surface pressure measurements and laser-Doppler ~elocimet~ry are employed to map out pressure, velocity and vorticity fields. It is found that a drooping apex flap can delay vortex hr~ali~! .-.:. n by an angle of 8 beyond the steady flow brcs:ihclown angle. The apex flap cffect is equally pronounced in dynamic manelivers.
Pathogenic analysis and treatment methods for iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula (2006)

Objective To investigate the causes and outcome of different treatment methods of iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula. Methods Clinical data of 52 patients with iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula were analyzed retrospectively. Results Twenty-two fistulae occurred after gynecological operation (42.3%), fourteen after obstetric injury (26.9%), thirteen after colorectal operation (25.0%) and three due to miscellaneous causes (5.8%). The fistulae were located in the lower rectum in 27 cases(51.9%), mid rectum in 10 cases(19.2%) and upper rectum in 15 cases(28.9%). They were treated by non-surgical treatment in 9 cases(17.3%), permanent diverting stoma(loop transverse colostomy) in 8 cases(15.4%), and surgical repair by various approaches in 35 cases(67.3%). The fistulae of all nine patients who received non-surgical treatment failed to heal. Eight patients who received permanent diverting stoma had symptomatic improvement without fistula healing. The overall cure rate of surgical repairs in 35 cases was 77.1%(27/35). The cure rates of trans-sphincteric (Mason′s operation), transanal, transabdominal, transperineal and transvaginal approaches were 100%(8/8), 100%(2/2), 83.3%(5/6), 0%(0/1) and 66.7%(12/18), respectively. The cure rate of Mason′s operation for the mid and lower rectovaginal fistulae was higher than that of transvaginal approach (100% vs 66.7%). Conclusions Iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula is caused by obstetric injury or injury of rectovaginal septum due to surgical mismanagement. Surgical repair is the only method that can cure rectovaginal fistulae. Mason′s operation is a favorable treatment method for the mid and lower (especially mid) rectovaginal fistulae.
From Quantum Transitions to Electronic Motions (2018)

Abstract Laser spectroscopy and chronoscopy permit precision measurement of quantum transitions and captures atomic-scale dynamics, respectively. Frequency- and time-domain metrology ranks among the supreme laser disciplines in fundamental science. For decades, these fields evolved independently, without interaction and synergy between them. This has changed profoundly with controlling the position of the equidistant frequency spikes of a mode-locked laser oscillator. By the self-referencing technique invented by Theodor Hänsch, the comb can be coherently linked to microwaves and used for precision measurements of energy differences between quantum states. The resultant optical frequency synthesis has revolutionized precision spectroscopy. Locking the comb lines to the resonator round-trip frequency by the same approach has given rise to laser pulses with controlled field oscillations. This article reviews, from a personal perspective, how the bridge between frequency- and time-resolved metrology emerged on the turn of the millennium and how synthesized several-cycle laser fields have been instrumental in establishing the basic tools and techniques for attosecond science.
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of chiral rhenium carboxylic and carbonic acid ester complexes of the formula [(.eta.5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(.eta.1-O:C(X)X')]+ X''- (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structure, and reactivity of chiral rhenium carboxylic and carbonic acid ester complexes of the formula [(.eta.5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(.eta.1-O:C(X)X')]+ X''-Isabel Saura-Llamas, Dennis M. Dalton, Atta M. Arif, and J. A. GladyszCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 2, 683–693Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00038a028https://doi.org/10.1021/om00038a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A generic time driven fractional wavelength OCS (2009)

In current optical switches, an entire wavelength is switched from a source node to a single destination node, thereby precluding fractional wavelength allocation. This limitation results in two major problems: (i) N(N-1) wavelengths are required to fully connect a network with N edge nodes; and (ii) traffic arriving at the core switch from multiple optical links cannot be groomed in the optical domain. Whereas wavelength switching is feasible at a very fine time granularity, forwarding decisions are based on frame processing which is infeasible in the optical domain. However, the newly proposed time-driven optical switch based on a universal time clock (UTC) facilitates frame switching of a given wavelength without requiring frame content processing. In a previous paper, we presented and analysed a deterministic frame scheduler with optimal delays, based on the uniformity properties of the golden ratio (GR). The scheduler of resolves the N(N-1) problem; however it leaves the traffic grooming open. In this study, we extend our GR scheduler to cope with the problem of traffic grooming. We further propose a model to analyse its performance and simulate it with Poissonian frame arrival processes. Surprisingly, the simulation demonstrates that our restricted GR scheduler performs as well as the strict GR and the idealized schedulers.
Voltage Stability Analysis of Wind Power Integrated System Based on Flexible HVDC (2013)

With the scale of integration of wind power increases gradually, the voltage stability and the fluctuation problem of the system caused by integration have become more and more prominent. Traditional AC power transmission mode cannot alleviate the adverse effects of integration of wind power, Flexible DC power transmission has many advantages due to the use of voltage source converters self-commutated characteristics, Flexible DC power provides a new technical method and also provides a solution for the integration. This paper introduces the basic structure and the basic control principle of Flexible DC power transmission technology. Then, through comparing the transient stability level and voltage supporting ability of AC power transmission with that of Flexible DC power transmission, an isolated system is used as an example to elaborate the beneficial contribution that the new integration of wind power make to the voltage stability, which indicates that Flexible DC power transmission technology has broad application prospect in the transmission area of wind power, and gives very good reference value for the Flexible DC power used in integration in the future.
Highly stable hexitol based XNA aptamers targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (2019)

Biomedical applications of nucleic acid aptamers are limited by their rapid degradation in biological fluids and generally demand tedious post-selection modifications that might compromise binding. One possible solution to warrant biostability is to directly evolve chemically modified aptamers from xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNAs). We have isolated fully modified 2'-O-methyl-ribose-1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleic acid (MeORNA-HNA) aptamers targeting the rat vascular endothelial growth factor 164 (rVEGF164). Three sequences have been identified that interact with the target protein with affinities in the low-nanomolar range and HNA modifications appeared to be mandatory for their tight binding. The evolution of these XNA aptamers was accomplished using an in vitro selection procedure starting from a fully sugar-modified library containing a 20mer 2'-OMe-ribonucleotide region followed by a 47mer HNA sequence. The high binding affinity and selectivity of the selected aptamers were confirmed by several methods including gel-shift, fluorescence polarisation, and enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assays. The isolated HNA ligands exhibited higher specificity to the rVEGF164 and human VEGF165 isoforms compared to rat VEGF120, while very low binding efficiencies were observed to streptavidin and thrombin. Furthermore, it was clearly demonstrated that the resulting aptamers possessed a superior stability to degradation in human serum and DNase I solutions.
A naturally occurring Leu33Val mutation in β3‐integrin impairs the HPA‐1a epitope: the third allele of HPA‐1 (2006)

Our results demonstrate that the naturally occurring Leu33Val mutation in the beta3-integrin can disrupt some HPA-1a epitopes. These findings provide evidence for a heterogeneous humoral response against HPA-1a that may have potential clinical implications for alloimmune thrombocytopenia disorders.
PHASE TWO OF AN INTERLABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE QUANTIFICATION OF RAT SPLENIC LYMPHOCYTE SUBTYPES USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING AND FLOW CYTOMETRY (1998)

In phase one of an interlaboratory study, baseline values for rat splenic lymphocyte populations were established. In phase two, rat splenic lymphocyte populations were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry following exposure to the immunosuppressive agent cyclophosphamide (CY). The study involved four independent facilities employing a common protocol. All laboratories purchased animals and reagents from the same sources. The objective of phase two was to determine whether each laboratory could detect a significant change in the same splenic lymphocyte population(s) at the same or similar CY dose levels. Crl:CD R BR male rats were dosed by the intraperitoneal route with 1, 3, or 10 mg / kg CY for 4 days. On day 5, spleen cell number and weights were obtained and splenic lymphocytes were evaluated following the lysis of red blood cells with ammonium chloride. Splenic lymphocyte populations were enumerated with monoclonal antibodies using the dual labeling of T-cell subpopulations and quadrant analysis procedures. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for spleen weight was 1 mg / kg for two laboratories and 3 mg / kg for the remaining two laboratories. For spleen cell number, the NOAEL was 1 mg / kg for three of the laboratories and between 3 and 10 mg / kg for the fourth. For the relative percentages of each splenic lymphocyte population, three of the four laboratories were within one dose level of each other for the NOAEL. The NOAEL for the W3/25+OX19+/OX8+OX19+ ratio was 3 mg/kg for three of the laboratories and < 1 mg / kg for the remaining laboratory. With the exception of the absolute numbers of OX8+OX19+ cells, the NOAELs for each absolute lymphocyte population were within one dose level for three of the laboratories. The fourth laboratory had NOAELs for each absolute population of > 10 mg/kg. Using flow cytometry, each of the laboratories identified CY as an immunotoxic agent.
Técnica de Sinterizado + fresado de estructuras de Cad-cam para lograr un mejor ajuste pasivo y asentamiento del tornillo. (2020)

espanolEl proceso de Cad-Cam nos permite la confeccion de protesis con cambios de angulacion. El proceso de elaboracion puede ser principalmente por dos metodos: adicion y sustraccion. La sustraccion o fresado, presenta ventajas sobre la adicion (sinterizado e impresion), en cuanto a ajustes y hermetismo. La union de las tecnicas de sinterizado y fresado puede hacer confluir las ventajas de ambas, lograndose un equilibrio entre el coste y las prestaciones. EnglishThe Cad-Cam process allows us to make prostheses with changes in angulation. The manufacturing process can be mainly by two methods: addition and subtraction. Subtraction or milling, has advantages over addition (sintering and impression), in terms of adjustments and tightness. The combination of sintering and milling techniques can bring together the advantages of both, achieving a balance between cost and performance.
Ex vivo synergy of arachidonate-enriched serum with ceftazidime and amikacin on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2003)

Three multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were incubated ex vivo with sera sampled after a 10 min intravenous infusion of 25 mg/kg of arachidonic acid (AA) in 10 rabbits in the presence of ceftazidime and amikacin. Lipid peroxidation was assessed during bacterial growth. A statistically significant decrease in bacterial cells was found by the interaction of antimicrobials and serum sampled in the middle of infusion and 15 and 30 min after infusion of AA and was accompanied by elevated levels of malonodialdehyde. This effect of AA is probably attributed to lipid peroxidation and raises the possibility of its application in experimental infections.
Noninvasive optical imaging of the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid pathways based on near-infrared fluorescence (1997)

The authors have developed a noninvasive optical method to image the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in vivo based on the near-infrared fluorescence of indocyanine green (ICG). The ICG was bound to purified lipoproteins (ICG-lipoprotein) and injected into the subarachnoid space of neonatal and adult rats. The ICG fluorescence was detected by a cooled charge-coupled device camera. After injection of ICG-lipoprotein into the cerebral subarachnoid space of the neonatal rat, ICG fluorescence was clearly detected at the injection site through the skull and skin. The ICG fluorescence was observed in the cerebellum and the lumbar spinal cord 1 and 8 hours postinjection, respectively. After injection of ICG-lipoprotein into the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space of an adult rat, ICG fluorescence was observed from the injection site to the thoracic levels along the spinal subarachnoid space. In addition, with the rat's head tilted downward, ICG fluorescence had extended to the cerebral subarachnoid space by 1 hour postinjection. The ICG fluorescence imaging of the cerebral subarachnoid space demonstrated an increase in fluorescence intensity around the lambdoid suture and the forebrain. On dissection of the rat brain the former location was identified as the supracerebellar cistern and the latter as the olfactory cistern. The results of this study are the first to demonstrate that an optical technique is applicable to imaging of the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in vivo. In addition, ICG-lipoprotein provides a sensitive optical tracer for imaging extravascular biological structures. Finally, ICG fluorescence imaging does not require an intricate imaging system because ICG is localized near the surface of the body.
Russian people in the D.S. Lvov`s concept of national economic growth (2019)

The conditions for ensuring national economic growth, as reflected in the works of D. S. Lvov has been considered. Three groups of relevant conditions, namely: basic (determining the existence of a people and allowing generally to speak about economic activity), dynamic (determining the intensity of economic growth), and targeted (concerning the formation of the future economic order) have been described. The main scientific and ideological position of D. S. Lvov has been disclosed − the Russian people are a strategic factor of national economic growth.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Antiproliferative Sulfated Alkene from the Mediterranean Tunicate Microcosmus vulgaris. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Basal Bioenergetic Abnormalities in Skeletal Muscle from Ryanodine Receptor Malignant Hyperthermia-susceptible R163C Knock-in Mice (2010)

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease in humans have been associated with mutations in the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RyR1). Heterozygous mice expressing the human MH/central core disease RyR1 R163C mutation exhibit MH when exposed to halothane or heat stress. Considering that many MH symptoms resemble those that could ensue from a mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g. metabolic acidosis and hyperthermia) and that MH-susceptible mice or humans have a higher than normal cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration at rest, we evaluated the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle from R163C compared with wild type mice under basal (untriggered) conditions. R163C skeletal muscle exhibited a significant increase in matrix Ca(2+), increased reactive oxygen species production, lower expression of mitochondrial proteins, and higher mtDNA copy number. These changes, in conjunction with lower myoglobin and glycogen contents, Myh4 and GAPDH transcript levels, GAPDH activity, and lower glucose utilization suggested a switch to a compromised bioenergetic state characterized by both low oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. The shift in bioenergetic state was accompanied by a dysregulation of Ca(2+)-responsive signaling pathways regulated by calcineurin and ERK1/2. Chronically elevated resting Ca(2+) in R163C skeletal muscle elicited the maintenance of a fast-twitch fiber program and the development of insulin resistance-like phenotype as part of a metabolic adaptation to the R163C RyR1 mutation.
Tumor Necrosis Factor–Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis Stimulation of Glioma Cell Survival Is Dependent on Akt2 Function (2009)

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Despite intensive clinical investigation and significant technical advances in surgical and radiation treatment, the impact on clinical outcome for patients with malignant gliomas is disappointing. We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, can stimulate glioma cell survival via binding to the Fn14 receptor, activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, and upregulation of BCL-X(L) gene expression. Here, we show that TWEAK treatment of glioma cells leads to phosphorylation of Akt and BAD. TWEAK stimulation results in the phosphorylation of both Akt1 and Akt2. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of either Akt1 or Akt2 showed that BAD serine 136 phosphorylation is dependent specifically on Akt2 function. Depletion of Akt2 expression by siRNA also abrogates TWEAK-stimulated glioma cell survival, whereas no effect on glioma cell survival was observed after siRNA-mediated depletion of Akt1 expression. Surprisingly, although siRNA-mediated depletion of BAD in glioma cells abrogates cytotoxic- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, TWEAK still displays a strong protective effect, suggesting that BAD serine 136 phosphorylation plays a minor role in TWEAK-Akt2-induced glioma cell survival. We also report here that AKT2 gene expression levels increased with glioma grade and inversely correlate with patient survival. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis showed that Akt2 expression positively correlates with Fn14 expression in glioblastoma multiforme specimens. We hypothesize that the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling axis functions, in part, to enhance glioblastoma cell survival by activation of the Akt2 serine/threonine protein kinase.
Bootstrap Protocol (1985)

This RFC suggests a proposed protocol for the ARPA-Internet community, and requests discussion
Rowing Force and its Simulation on Training Facility (2009)

The paper presents results of experimental measurements of the parameters of rowing process when rowing in a river, on the pool-type training facility and on “Concept II” rowing machine. The comparison of results of measurements showed the significant difference of rowing force generated by rowing in the machine and in the boat, thus the novel training facility is proposed having the hydrodynamic loading unit equipped with proportional flow control valve controlled by computer evaluating parameters of rowing, which is able to ensure loading on the oars more adequate to the real rowing conditions.
A novel miniature cell retainer for correlative high-content analysis of individual untethered non-adherent cells (2006)

The importance of research involving non-adherent cell lines, primary cells and blood cells is generally undisputed. However, the task of investigating the complexity and heterogeneity of these cells calls for their long-run monitoring at a single-cell resolution. Such a capability is currently unavailable without having to use disruptive cell tethering. The present Cell Retainer (CR) concept enables high-content correlative multi-parametric measurements, from the functional to molecular level, of the same living individual non-adherent cells within a population. Thereby, despite extensive long-term bio-manipulations, the cells preserve their identity without tethering. Several exemplary experiments, using a microscope-slide-based version of the CR, are presented, which could not be performed by other state of the art methods.