gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decontamination and Detoxification of Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents Using Polyurethane Sponges (2003)

Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents are some of the most potent toxic agents conceived by mankind, are specific inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE), and therefore are a serious threat to military and civilian personnel. OP nerve agents can exist as a liquid and contaminate skin, penetrate, resulting in deleterious systemic effects including a cholinergic crisis. Another serious problem that may be encountered while caring for personnel contaminated with organophosphorus chemical warfare nerve agents is the possibility that there will be cross-contamination to the medical personnel. In addition, during combat or terrorist acts, individuals might be exposed to chemical toxins before they don their protective gear. We have been developing enzyme immobilized polyurethane foams that can effectively decontaminate the skin and other such exposed surfaces of the organophosphorus toxins in a wide variety of environmental conditions. With additives, the sponges provided increased protection for guinea pigs exposed to neat soman and VX compared to currently fielded kits, and reduces methylene blue uptake in mustard-exposed animals. Sponges have several criteria to meet to be effective personal decontaminants and detoxifiers of chemical warfare agents. The sponges must be lightweight for individual use, yet be shelf-stable under environmental conditions found in the field. In this manner, the sponges would provide immediate use for either the individual or a buddy in a field.
Triflic acid‐Mediated Expedient Synthesis of Benzo[a]fluorenes and Fluorescent Benzo[a]fluorenones (2018)

Abstract Fluorene‐based polyaromatic hydrocarbons are renowned compounds for materials applications. Herein, a straightforward route via in situ acetal formation has been presented to access benzo[ a ]fluorenes by a triflic acid promoted cationic cycloisomerization of enynones in presence of trimethyl orthoformate under metal‐free conditions. In the absence of trimethyl orthoformate, the same reaction results in benzo[ a ]fluorenones. All the synthesized benzo[ a ]fluorenones are highly fluorescent in solution phase with high Stokes shift while the corresponding benzo[ a ]fluorenes are not fluorescent. magnified image
Room temperature oxidation of methyl orange and methanol over Pt–HCa2Nb3O10and Pt–WO3catalysts without light (2010)

The layered semiconductor Pt-HCa(2)Nb(3)O(10) can catalyze room temperature air oxidation of methyl orange. It is also more effective than Pt-WO(3) in catalyzing reaction of methanol with air. Pt-HCa(2)Nb(3)O(10) could find wide application as a mild oxidizing catalyst.
Chiral response of Oryzeae and Paniceae plants in α‐methylbenzyl‐3‐p‐tolyl urea agar medium (2003)

The results presented here support the hypothesis that plants of the tribe Oryzeae respond enantioselectively and homogeneously to optically active 1-alpha-methylbenzyl-3-p-tolylurea (MBTU) in root growth inhibition, in contrast to Echinochloa species. The Oryzeae plants tested in this study belong to different genera (Oryza, Leersia, Chikusichloa and Zizania), to different species (O sativa, O glaberrima, O alta, O coarctata, O latifolia, O minuta, O rufipogon), to various ecospecies of Oryza (japonica, indica, japonica x indica, javanica) and to different levels of evolution [cultivated rice (O sativa and O glaberrima) and ancestral wild rice species]. In spite of their different phylogenic status and diverse sensitivity, the root growth of all members of the genus Oryza was inhibited more by R-MBTU than by S-MBTU. Zizania palustris, Z latifolia, Leersia oryzoides and Chikusichloa aquatica belonging to the tribe Oryzeae exhibited similar chiral recognition to the Oryza plants, suggesting that Oryzeae have a common chiral recognition mechanism in their response to optically active MBTUs. In contrast, Echinochloa plants (E crus-galli (L) Beauv var crus-galli and E colonum (L) Link), belonging into subfamily Panicoideae tribe Paniceae, responded in a different way, where their root growth was more sensitive to S-MBTU than to the antipodal R-MBTU. A reverse chiral response between the tribe Oryzeae and the genus Echinochloa was clearly indicated in this study. This diverse response may be relevant to Gramineae classification.
Federated learning in medicine: facilitating multi-institutional collaborations without sharing patient data (2020)

Several studies underscore the potential of deep learning in identifying complex patterns, leading to diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Identifying sufficiently large and diverse datasets, required for training, is a significant challenge in medicine and can rarely be found in individual institutions. Multi-institutional collaborations based on centrally-shared patient data face privacy and ownership challenges. Federated learning is a novel paradigm for data-private multi-institutional collaborations, where model-learning leverages all available data without sharing data between institutions, by distributing the model-training to the data-owners and aggregating their results. We show that federated learning among 10 institutions results in models reaching 99% of the model quality achieved with centralized data, and evaluate generalizability on data from institutions outside the federation. We further investigate the effects of data distribution across collaborating institutions on model quality and learning patterns, indicating that increased access to data through data private multi-institutional collaborations can benefit model quality more than the errors introduced by the collaborative method. Finally, we compare with other collaborative-learning approaches demonstrating the superiority of federated learning, and discuss practical implementation considerations. Clinical adoption of federated learning is expected to lead to models trained on datasets of unprecedented size, hence have a catalytic impact towards precision/personalized medicine.
Making multi-cores mainstream &ndash; from security to scalability (2010)

In this paper we will introduce work being supported by the EU in the Apple-CORE project (http://www.apple-core.info). This project is pushing the boundaries of programming and systems development in multi-core architectures in an attempt to make multi-core go mainstream, i.e. continuing the current trends in low-power, multi-core architecture to thousands of cores on chip and supporting this in the context of the next generations of PCs. This work supports dataflow principles but with a conventional programming style. The paper describes the underlying execution model, a core design based on this model and its emulation in software. We also consider system issues that impact security. The major benefits of this approach include asynchrony, i.e. the ability to tolerate long latency operations without impacting performance and binary compatibility. We present results that show very high efficiency and good scalability despite the high memory access latency in the proposed chip architecture.
B‐cell development: one problem, multiple solutions (2010)

Interspecies variations in the processes of B-cell development and repertoire generation contrast with the greater consistency of T-cell development. B-cell development in mice and humans, with postnatal B-cell generation of new repertoire in the bone marrow throughout life, is regarded as the 'standard' pattern. In contrast, accounts of B cells in birds, sheep, cattle, rabbits and pigs (the 'other' species) describe cessation of gene diversification in the perinatal period, with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) functioning as the primary lymphoid organ thereafter. It has become customary to regard the developmental pathways of T and B cells within any individual species as being as dissimilar as the functions of the two mature cell types. Reinterpretation of B-cell development patterns in different species is overdue in response to two types of reports. The first of these describe T-B 'crossover', specifically the intrathymic production of B cells and the extrathymic production of T cells. The second attests to the extent of sharing of B-cell developmental features across the two groups of species. We propose that, as is a feature of other haematopoietic cells, a menu of alternative B- and T-cell pathways has been retained and shared across species. A single pathway usually predominates in any species, masking alternatives. The observed predominance of any pathway is determined by factors such as placental permeability, extent of maturation of the immune system by birth and the feasibility of direct experimental intervention in development.
Histamine dihydrochloride: actions and efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection (2006)

The host immune response, in addition to viral factors, is the critical determinant of the pathological consequences of hepatitis C virus infection. Current therapies for genotype 1 are unsuccessful in a substantial number of patients. Histamine dihydrochloride by virtue of its histamine H2 agonistic activity, has the potential to prevent damage induced by oxidative stress in tissues and can protect T and natural killer lymphocytes from oxygen radical-induced functional inhibition and apoptosis, thereby, potentiating interferon-alpha-induced activation of these cells. Coadministration of histamine dihydrochloride and interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection was tested in several clinical trials. However, conflicting data and the relatively small numbers of patients enrolled, suggest that this combination should be the focus of further investigation.
Prevalence and implications of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotides in cancer (2014)

Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotides (EMAST), a variation of microsatellite instability (MSI), has been reported in a variety of malignancies (e.g., neoplasias of the lung, head and neck, colorectal region, skin, urinary tract and reproductive organs). EMAST is more prominent at organ sites with potential external exposure to carcinogens (e.g., head, neck, lung, urinary bladder and colon), although the specific molecular mechanisms leading to EMAST remain elusive. Because it is often associated with advanced stages of malignancy, EMAST may be a consequence of rapid cell proliferation and increased mutagenesis. Moreover, defects in DNA mismatch repair enzyme complexes, TP53 mutation status and peritumoural inflammation involving T cells have been described in EMAST tumours. At various tumour sites, EMAST and high-frequency MSI share no clinicopathological features or molecular mechanisms, suggesting their existence as separate entities. Thus EMAST should be explored, because its presence in human cells may reflect both increased risk and the potential for early detection. In particular, the potential use of EMAST in prognosis and prediction may yield novel types of therapeutic intervention, particularly those involving the immune system. This review will summarise the current information concerning EMAST in cancer to highlight the knowledge gaps that require further research.
Dosimetric characteristics of dual‐layer multileaf collimation for small‐field and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy applications (2008)

The purpose of the present work was to measure the performance characteristics in the penumbra region and on the leaf-end of an innovative dual-layer micro multileaf collimator (DmMLC). The DmMLC consists of two orthogonal (upper and lower) layers of leaves; a standard MLC consists of one layer. The DmMLC provides unique performance characteristics in smoothing dose undulation, reducing leaf-end transmission, and reducing MLC field dependence of the leaf stepping angle. Two standard MLCs (80-leaf and 120-leaf versions: Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), a DmMLC (AccuKnife: Initia Medical Technology, Canton, MA), and a Cerrobend (Cerro Metal Products, Bellefonte, PA) block were used in performance studies involving a triangular field, a cross leaf-end field, and a circular field. Measurements were made with 6-MV X-rays and extended dose range film at a depth of 5 cm in Solid Water (Gammex rmi, Middleton, WI) at a source-axis distance of 100 cm. The field penumbra width measured between the 20% and 80% isodose lines through the MLC-80, MLC-120, DmMLC, and Cerrobend block were 9.0, 5.0, 3.0, and 2.0 mm respectively. The dose undulation amplitude of the 50% isodose line was measured as 5.5, 2.0, and 0.5 mm for the MLC-80, MLC-120, and DmMLC respectively. The planar dose difference between the MLC-80, MLC-120, and DmMLC against Cerrobend block was measured as ranging at +/-52.5%, +/-35.0%, and +/-20.0% respectively. The leaf-end transmission was measured at 22.4% in maximum and 15.4% in average when closing a single layer of the DmMLC, and at 2.4% in maximum and 2.1% in average when closing both layers. The MLC dependence of the leaf stepping angle with the DmMLC ranged from 45 degrees to 90 degrees. The standard MLC leaf stepping angle ranged from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. In conclusion, the dose undulation, leafend transmission, and MLC field dependence of the leaf stepping angle with the DmMLC were remarkably reduced as compared with those of the standard MLCs. And as compared with Cerrobend block, the DmMLC provided very comparable performance in field-edge smoothing and in the shaping of complex fields.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks Probed with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (2018)

Metal-organic frameworks are an important class of porous materials exhibiting a variety of promising properties that are related to the unique atomic-level structural features found in the solids. Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, the relationship between the large-amplitude low-frequency vibrations and the mechanochemical features found in these materials can be elucidated, providing deep insight into the origins of the favourable phenomena.
ProMETheus (2018)

In this paper, we focus on designing and developing ProMETheus, an intelligent system for meeting minutes generated from audio data. The first task in ProMETheus is to recognize the speakers from noisy audio data. Speaker recognition algorithm is used to automatically identify who is speaking according to the speech in an audio data. Naturally, speech recognition will transcribe speakers' audio to text so that ProMETheus can generate the complete meeting text with speakers' name chronologically. In order to show the subject of the meeting and the agreed action, we use text summarization algorithm that can extract meaningful key phrases and summary sentences from the complete meeting text. In addition, sentiment analysis for meeting text of different speakers can make the agreed action more humane due to calculating the relevance score of each course by the sentiment and attitude in text tone. The ProMETheus is capable of accurately summarizing the meeting and analyzing the agreed action. Our robust system is evaluated on a real-world audio meeting dataset that involves multiple speakers in each meeting session.
Alipathic β-nitro alcohols for corneoscleral cross-linking (2010)

This review provides a summary of the experimental results obtained thus far and includes
information regarding cross-linking effects at physiologic pH and temperature, effects on
corneal light transmission and in vitro cytotoxicity. The majority of discussion will be
directed toward use of these compounds in the cornea (rather than sclera) since corneal collagen
cross-linking has received the most attention to date. Potential drawbacks and future
directions are also described.
Structural Analysis of the Ribosome-associated Complex (RAC) Reveals an Unusual Hsp70/Hsp40 Interaction (2009)

Yeast Zuotin and Ssz are members of the conserved Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone families, respectively, but compared with canonical homologs, they atypically form a stable heterodimer termed ribosome-associated complex (RAC). RAC acts as co-chaperone for another Hsp70 to assist de novo protein folding. In this study, we identified the molecular basis for the unusual Hsp70/Hsp40 pairing using amide hydrogen exchange (HX) coupled with mass spectrometry and mutational analysis. Association of Ssz with Zuotin strongly decreased the conformational dynamics mainly in the C-terminal domain of Ssz, whereas Zuotin acquired strong conformational stabilization in its N-terminal segment. Deletion of the highly flexible N terminus of Zuotin abolished stable association with Ssz in vitro and caused a phenotype resembling the loss of Ssz function in vivo. Thus, the C-terminal domain of Ssz, the N-terminal extension of Zuotin, and their mutual stabilization are the major structural determinants for RAC assembly. We furthermore found dynamic changes in the J-domain of Zuotin upon complex formation that might be crucial for RAC co-chaperone function. Taken together, we present a novel mechanism for converting Zuotin and Ssz chaperones into a functionally active dimer.
Self-starting soliton modelocked Ti-sapphire laserusing athin semiconductor saturable absorber (1995)

Using a 15 nm-thick antireflection-coated GaAs absorber layer on an AlGaAs/AlAs Bragg mirror as a nonlinear reflector, we achieved self-starting passive modelocking of a Ti-sapphire laser with 34 fs pulses without Kerr lens modelocking.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE STEEL AND FUTURE BRIDGES IN THE U.S. (1996)

This paper summarizes some ideas for the advancement of steel bridges. These ideas are being investigated as part of a study funded by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The purpose of this study is to identify the design and construction impediments facing today's steel bridges and to study innovative structural systems for tomorrow's bridges, namely, systems that will maximize the exploitation of high-performance steel (HPS) in bridge construction.
Quadratic Decomposable Submodular Function Minimization: Theory and Practice (Computation and Analysis of PageRank over Hypergraphs) (2019)

We introduce a new convex optimization problem, termed quadratic decomposable submodular function minimization (QDSFM), which allows to model a number of learning tasks on graphs and hypergraphs. The problem exhibits close ties to decomposable submodular function minimization (DSFM), yet is much more challenging to solve. We approach the problem via a new dual strategy and formulate an objective that can be optimized through a number of double-loop algorithms. The outer-loop uses either random coordinate descent (RCD) or alternative projection (AP) methods, for both of which we prove linear convergence rates. The inner-loop computes projections onto cones generated by base polytopes of the submodular functions, via the modified min-norm-point or Frank-Wolfe algorithm. We also describe two new applications of QDSFM: hypergraph-adapted PageRank and semi-supervised learning. The proposed hypergraph-based PageRank algorithm can be used for local hypergraph partitioning, and comes with provable performance guarantees. For hypergraph-adapted semi-supervised learning, we provide numerical experiments demonstrating the efficiency of our QDSFM solvers and their significant improvements on prediction accuracy when compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Move S4 from Measurement of Tumor Antioxidant Capacity and Prediction of Chemotherapy Resistance in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video 4&lt;/p&gt;
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with SRA-negative heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: case report (2023)

It is uncommon for immune-mediated HIT with thrombosis to manifest as CVST. Similarly, false-negative SRA is uncommon in immune-mediated HIT. Take-away lessons from our case report include considering HIT in CVST patients with an elevated 4T score and considering the entire clinical picture and degree of suspicion for HIT when interpreting negative HIT testing results. The PEA, in conjunction with the 4Ts score, may be considered as an alternate diagnostic assay for HIT.
CHARACTERIZATION OF DESIGN PROPERTIES (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND RESILIENTE MODULUS) OF LIME, CEMENT, FLY ASH STABILIZED RECYCLED CONCRETE BASE AS FUNCTION OF CURING TIME (2003)

Taxiway WP is a new parallel taxiway at Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, with an innovative design philosophy. The pavement structure consists of a cement and fly ash stabilized subgrade overlain by 18-inches of lime-cement-fly ash stabilized recycled crushed concrete (LCFRCC) and surfaced with 14-inches of PCC. An asphalt bond breaker is used between the PCC and the LCFRCC. The LCFRCC was designed to provide a resilient modulus of 1,000,000 psi when mature (after approximately one year of field curing). The LCFRCC was designed to develop a long, slow strength which will minimize volume changes due to curing (minimize differential movement between the PCC and the LCFRCC) and maximize and extend damage recovery as a result of autogeneous healing. Long-term laboratory testing demonstrated the slow controlled pozzolanic strength gain provided by the LCFRCC. A stabilizer combination of 10 percent class C fly ash, 3 percent hydrated lime, and 0.5 percent Portland cement was selected from several combinations to provide the desired ultimate level of strength gain and rate of strength gain. The accompanying research demonstrates the success of the mixture in achieving the desired goals. A correlation between compressive strength gain and increase in resilient modulus as a function of time of curing was developed. The correlation between compressive strength and modulus is compared to similar correlations in the literature and represents the importance of developing a unique relationship between these two parameters and the influence of aggregate properties and stabilizer matrix properties.
Charge Transfer at Illuminated Semiconductor-Electrolyte Interfaces (1980)

A new heterojunction model for the semiconductor-electrolyte interface is presented that considers the electrolyte as a doped semiconductor and that predicts that hot photogenerated minority carriers can be infected into the electrolyte. Preliminary calculations are presented in support of the hot carrier injection hypothesis. Recent experimental results on the photoenhanced reduction of N2 on p-GaP cathodes are discussed and they appear to provide experimental evidence for hot electron injection. The importance of hot carrier injection for photoelectrochemical cells is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Pictet—Spengler Reaction (2010)

Abstract Review: 127 refs.
Recurrence risks for schizophrenia in a Swedish National Cohort (2006)

In the largest and most comprehensive sample yet studied, we confirm the accepted estimates of recurrence risks for schizophrenia, and provide more accurate estimates of recurrence risks of schizophrenia in relatives, an estimate of the familial impact of schizophrenia, and the multiplex proportion (essential for gauging the generalizability of findings from multiplex pedigrees). These data may be valuable for planning and interpreting genetic studies of schizophrenia.
GaInAsP/InP quantum-wire lasers (1999)

The advancement in the research of GaInAsP/InP 1.5 /spl mu/m wavelength quantum-wire lasers by 2-step organo-metallic vapor-phase-epitaxy and electron-beam-lithography is presented. By using a wet-chemical etching, higher performance as well as narrower material gain spectrum of single-layer quantum-wire lasers over quantum-film lasers was obtained at a temperature below 200 K. In order to realize a high density multiple-layered quantum-wire structure, a low-damage CH/sub 4//H/sub 2/ reactive-ion-etching followed by a wet-cleaning process was developed and was characterized by PL intensity dependence on the wire width. Using this fabrication process, very low threshold current density operation (330 k/cm/sup 2/: @RT) of 5-quantum-well distributed feedback lasers as well as a double-layered quantum-wire laser with the threshold current density lower than the single-layer quantum-wire laser fabricated by the wet-chemical etching was obtained.