gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Pupil Segmentation and Localization in Micro Operation (2015)

In this paper, a fast pupil segmentation and localization algorithm is proposed owing to the characteristics that the operator's eyeball deflects slightly and the gray level of eye image changes a little. Firstly, in order to segment high quality pupil region, we segment the specific interest region, use down sampling method to reduce the calculated pixels, apply the 8-connected components to the binary image denoising and use line scanning method to amend the light spot. Then, the canny operator is applied to detect the edge of pupil region. Finally, we take Hough transform to locate pupil center. The experimental results show that the new algorithm can segment high quality pupil region, locate the pupil center and is applicable to pupil image captured by head-mounted device.
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (1990)

This volume contains a well-balanced set of applications and theory papers in artificial intelligence advances. The applications papers each discuss a system that is (or is close to being) a fielded system that solves real problems using one or more AI techniques. They cover areas such as education, physics, energy, control, medicine and mechanical engineering.The theory papers, representing recent advances in various theoretical aspects of AI technology, concern themselves with “building block” issues, i.e. theories, algorithms, architectures, and software tools that can or will be used for modules within future systems. The topics covered are: clustering, natural language, adaptive algorithms, distributed processing, knowledge acquisition, and systems programming.
Green Tea Consumption and Stomach Cancer Risk (2010)

OBJECTIVES: Green tea has been suggested to have a chemopreventive effect against various cancers including
stomach cancer. The aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between green tea consumption and stomach cancer risk by meta-analysis. METHODS: Eighteen observational studies were identified using MEDLINE, THE COCHRANE LIBRARY, RISS, and a manual search. Summary relative risks/odds ratios (RR/ORs) for the highest versus non/lowest green tea consumption levels were calculated on the basis of fixed and random effect models. Subgroup analyses were used to examine heterogeneity across the studies. RESULTS: The combined results indicate a reduced risk of stomach cancer with intake of green tea (RR/OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-1.00). Subgroup analysis with six studies that reported differences between the highest and lowest consumption levels equal to or greater than five cups/day revealed a statistically significant protective effect (RR/OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.87). CONCLUSION: Green tea appears to play a protective role against the development of stomach cancer. The results also suggest that a higher level of green tea consumption might be needed for a clear preventive effect to appear. This conclusion, however, should be interpreted with caution because various biases can affect the results of a meta-analysis.
Radiation hardness evaluation and phase shift enhancement through ionizing radiation in silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators (2016)

Data acquisition systems in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments rely on tens of thousands of radiation hard optical links based on high data rate, low power transmitters which also have to be able to withstand high levels of different types of radiation. Radiation hardness is one of the requirements that becomes more demanding with every new generation of experiment. Previous studies have shown that there is currently no qualified technology for optical transmitters able to withstand operation in the innermost regions of upgraded LHC experiments at CERN. Silicon photonic Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZMs) are being investigated as one of the promising technologies to address this challenge. We designed MZMs with different design parameters and exposed them to ionizing radiation in order to assess how their performance changes. We demonstrate that the etch depth of the MZM waveguides and the doping concentration in the waveguides strongly impact the response of the MZMs. In particular, a shallow etch depth and increased doping concentrations help to mitigate the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation. MZMs fabricated with these design parameters are found to show a post-irradiation phase shift enhancement compared to the pre-irradiation values. The improved radiation resistance is high enough that such devices could potentially be installed in future HEP experiments or in other fields of application sensitive to radiation.
Evaluation of Optimal Urban Structure Minimizing the Energy Consumption in Automobile Transportation (1995)

After the oil shock, industrial sector made an effort and succeeded in energy conservation. However, in trans-portation sector, effective means for energy conservation was not sufficiently developed yet. Especially, the road traffic in urban areas is not still efficient because of its heavy traffic jam. Since fuels for automobiles are one of main sources of CO2 emission, reducing fuel consumption in transportation sector is certainly effective to avoid global warming. To make remarkable improvement in energy conservation in transportation sector, not only improvement of the efficiency of engine but also arrangement of land use in urban areas to reduce trip length is effective. The purpose of this paper is to suggest an appropriate urban structure minimizing necessary transportation energy consumption. To simplify the problem, we concentrated on the city model with commuting and business trip by automobiles. We developed an optimization model in which the fuel consumption is minimized by adjusting the distribution of living area, business area, and street area. Simulation results demonstrate some features of optimal structure; Optimized urban structure changes depending on poulation density; it has the optimal point of the density to minimize fuel consumption per person. These results are compared with schematic distribution of population density in real cities.
Determination of D003 by capillary gas chromatography (2002)

Resumen en: D003 is a mixture of saturated very long-chain fatty acids ranging from 24 to 36 carbon atoms,obtained from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) wax, wi...
Disseminating Location Privacy Threats and Protection Techniques through Capture-the-Flag Games (Vision Paper) (2015)

Recent years witnessed a tremendous growth in the area of mobile computing. Users with mobile devices are able to access services customized to their geographical coordinates, and to engage in complex interactions with other users in their proximity. However, in addition to its many benefits, sharing location with service providers and other users also introduces serious privacy threats. If not properly addressed, the loss of location privacy can bring significant harm to mobile users. Currently, there is a low level of awareness among mobile users, and even among computer professionals, with respect to the contingent threats on location privacy, and to the approaches available to mitigate such threats. We envision GeoCTF, an educational capture-the-flag (CTF) - style game designed to raise the level of awareness about the dangers of uncontrolled sharing of location data, and to illustrate prominent location protection techniques. The game-based approach of GeoCTF makes it an effective and engaging educational tool, suitable for high-school and University students, as well as computer-literate general population mobile users.
Materials Experiment Carrier - An approach to expanded space processing capability (1980)

Conceptual design studies and mission analyses within the NASA Materials Processing in Space (MPS) program of the Materials Experiment Carrier (MEC) approach to conducting near-term as well as future free-flying experiments in materials processing in space are discussed. The experimental background of the MPS program is reviewed, and it is pointed out that the use of the MEC coupled with the 25-kW power system can provide an order-of-magnitude cost savings over conventional Shuttle-based systems, as well as increased orbital stay time and microgravity stability. The determination of the physical and engineering requirements for future MEC scientific/commercial candidate payloads is then discussed, and two proposed candidates for the MEC configuration, which is intended to be a self-contained, general-purpose, versatile and reusable carrier, are illustrated. Possible MEC operations are considered, including mission profiles, deployment sequences, on-orbit payload/sample change-out, optimal power system utilization, the use of real-time, ground-based control and advanced automatic payload operation. Areas in which technology development could benefit the MEC project are also identified.
DNA Methylation Density Influences the Stability of an Epigenetic Imprint and Dnmt3a/b-Independent De Novo Methylation (2002)

DNA methylation plays an important role in transcriptional repression. To gain insight into the dynamics of demethylation and de novo methylation, we introduced a proviral reporter, premethylated at different densities, into a defined chromosomal site in murine erythroleukemia cells and monitored the stability of the introduced methylation and reporter gene expression. A high density of methylation was faithfully propagated in vivo. In contrast, a low level of methylation was not stable, with complete demethylation and associated transcriptional activation or maintenance-coupled de novo methylation and associated silencing occurring with equal probability. Deletion of the proviral enhancer increased the probability of maintenance-coupled de novo methylation, suggesting that this enhancer functions in part to antagonize such methylation. The DNA methyltransferases (MTases) Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are thought to be the sole de novo MTases in the mammalian genome. To determine whether these enzymes are responsible for maintenance-coupled de novo methylation, the unmethylated or premethylated proviral reporter was introduced into DNA MTase-deficient embryonic stem cells. These studies revealed the presence of a Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b-independent de novo methyltransferase activity that is stimulated by the presence of preexisting methylation.
Application of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for Diagnosis of Caries, Cracks, and Defects of Restorations (2015)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive technique providing cross-sectional images of a tooth structure. This review describes the use of OCT for detecting dental caries, tooth fractures, and interfacial gaps in intraoral restorations. OCT can be a reliable and an accurate method and a safer alternative to X-ray radiography.
Methodology for Assessment of Surface Defects in Undermatched Pipeline Girth Welds (2014)

The demand for subsea transport of highly corrosive constituents has noticeably increased in recent years. This has driven the requirement for high strength pipelines with enhanced corrosion resistance such as chromium stainless steel or bimetal pipes. The latter are carbon steel pipes with a corrosion resistant alloy lining. Reeling is a cost effective installation method for small to medium size subsea pipelines, up to 457.2 mm (18 in.) in diameter. However, plastic straining associated with reeling has an effect on weld defect acceptance criteria. The maximum acceptable defect sizes are typically developed using engineering critical assessment (ECA), based on the reference stress method, which requires that the weld metal is equal to or stronger than the parent metal in terms of the stress–strain curve. However, evenmatch/overmatch cannot always be achieved in the case of subsea stainless or bimetal pipelines. In this work, a parametric finite-element (FE) study was performed to assess the effect of weld metal undermatch on the crack driving force, expressed in terms of the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). Subsequently, the fracture assessment methodology for reeled pipes was proposed, where the ECA as per BS7910 is first carried out. These acceptable defect sizes are then reduced, using an analytical formula developed in this work, to account for weld undermatch.
Further studies of the human platelet receptor for quinine- and quinine-dependent antibodies. (1981)

Previous studies have shown that the receptor for quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies is not expressed on the surface of platelets from patients with the Bernard-Soulier (B-S) syndrome. We now report data to suggest that these platelets lack the receptor for these antibodies. Since B-S platelets are also missing 2 related components of the GP I complex, GP lb and glycocalicin, our findings suggest that the receptor for quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies may be associated with this complex on normal platelets. An antibody previously shown to be directed against a surface antigen that migrated in the GP I position on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis specifically blocked the reaction of the receptor with quinine- or quinidine-dependent antibodies. Purified glycocalicin, however, lacked detectable receptor activity. In contrast, a mixture of GP lb and a putative structural analog of this glycoprotein (Mr 210,000) eluted from wheat germ affinity columns after chromatography of Triton X soluble preparations of platelets or membranes was shown to contain at least 80% of the total receptor activity. Our results strongly suggest that the receptor is associated with GP lb and/or its high m.w. structural analog(s).
Effect of Hot Burnishing Aided by Infrared Radiation on the Modification of Surface and Subsurface of AISI 1045 Steel (2017)

The burnishing occurs by plastic deformation by rearranging the excess of material on the surface peaks to its valleys. In order to improve the process, a laser can be used as a heating source to reduce the material yield stress. However, this technique is expensive and the heating apparatus requires space around the machine tool. In this context, this work proposes the study of a low cost heating source made of quartz electrical resistance. The quartz electrical resistance emits infrared radiation and produces temperatures around 210 Celsius Degrees on the workpiece surface. To verify the applicability of this technique, the results were compared with the conventional burnishing process using AISI 1045 steel with a burnishing tool that was specially designed for the test. The surface roughness, circularity, microhardness and residual stress were analyzed as output variables for different values of force, rotational speed, and number of passes. Results showed that the thickness of the workpieces subsurface layer under hot burnishing was larger and with more strain hardening characteristics when compared with the conventional burnishing. After the turning process, the workpieces presented tensile residual stress. Using the hot burnishing, the workpieces start presenting compressive stress just after the first pass, while in conventional burnishing compressive stress was only observed after the second pass and with lower values, about the half. Both surface roughness and circularity deviation were not improved by hot burnishing.
Growth of carbon nanostructures on carbonized electrospun nanofibers with palladium nanoparticles (2008)

This paper studies the mechanism of the formation of carbon nanostructures on carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles by using different carbon sources. The carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles were produced by carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers including Pd(Ac)(2). Such PAN-based carbon nanofibers were then used as substrates to grow hierarchical carbon nanostructures. Toluene, pyridine and chlorobenzine were employed as carbon sources for the carbon nanostructures. With the Pd nanoparticles embedded in the carbonized PAN nanofibers acting as catalysts, molecules of toluene, pyridine or chlorobenzine were decomposed into carbon species which were dissolved into the Pd nanoparticles and consequently grew into straight carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes or carbon nano-ribbons on the carbon nanofiber substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to capture the mechanism of formation of Pd nanoparticles, regular carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons. It was observed that the Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons were formed on carbonized PAN nanofibers containing Pd-nanoparticle catalyst, and the carbon sources played a crucial role in the formation of different hierarchical carbon nanostructures.
Adaptive compressed photon counting 3D imaging based on wavelet trees and Hadamard multiplexing (2017)

A photon counting 3D imaging system with short-pulsed structured illumination and a single-pixel photon counting detector is built. The proposed multiresolution photon counting 3D imaging technique acquires a high-resolution 3D image from a coarse image and details at successfully finer resolution sampled by Hadamard multiplexing along with the wavelet trees. The detected power is significant increased thanks to the Hadamard multiplexing. Both the required measurements and the reconstruction time can be significant reduced, which makes the proposed technique suitable for scenes with high spatial resolution. Since the depth map is retrieved through a linear inverse Hadamard transform instead of the computational intensive optimization problems performed in CS, the time consumed to retrieve the depth map can be also reduced, and thus it will be suitable for applications of real-time compressed 3D imaging such as object tracking. Even though the resolution of the final 3D image can be high, the number of measurements remains small due to the adaptivity of the wavelet-trees-based sampling strategy. The adaptive sampling technique is quality oriented, allowing more control over the image quality. The experimental results indicate that both the intensity image and depth map of a scene at resolutions up to 512×512 pixels can be acquired and retrieved with practical times as low as 17 seconds.
Structure of a legume lectin from the bark of Robinia pseudoacacia and its complex with N‐acetylgalactosamine (2001)

The structure of the bark lectin RPbAI (isoform A4) from Robinia pseudoacacia has been determined by protein crystallography both in the free form and complexed with N-acetylgalactosamine. The free form is refined at 1.80 A resolution to an R-factor of 18.9% whereas the complexed structure has an R-factor of 19.7% at 2.05 A resolution. Both structures are compared to each other and to other available legume lectin structures. The polypeptide chains of the two structures exhibit the characteristic legume lectin tertiary fold. The quaternary structure resembles that of the Phaseolus vulgaris lectin, the soybean agglutinin, and the Dolichos biflorus lectin, but displays some unique features leading to the extreme stability of this lectin.
RTP payload format for H.264/SVC scalable video coding (2006)

The scalable extension of H.264/AVC, known as scalable video coding or SVC, is currently the main focus of the Joint Video Team’s work. In its present working draft, the higher level syntax of SVC follows the design principles of H.264/AVC. Self-contained network abstraction layer units (NAL units) form natural entities for packetization. The SVC specification is by no means finalized yet, but nevertheless the work towards an optimized RTP payload format has already started. RFC 3984, the RTP payload specification for H.264/AVC has been taken as a starting point, but it became quickly clear that the scalable features of SVC require adaptation in at least the areas of capability/operation point signaling and documentation of the extended NAL unit header. This paper first gives an overview of the history of scalable video coding, and then reviews the video coding layer (VCL) and NAL of the latest SVC draft specification. Finally, it discusses different aspects of the draft SVC RTP payload format, including the design criteria, use cases, signaling and payload structure.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Low Dosage Clathrate Hydrate Inhibitors (2013)

Abstract Review: 134 refs.
Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery from wheat next-generation sequence data (2012)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant type of molecular genetic marker and can be used for producing high-resolution genetic maps, marker-trait association studies and marker-assisted breeding. Large polyploid genomes such as wheat present a challenge for SNP discovery because of the potential presence of multiple homoeologs for each gene. AutoSNPdb has been successfully applied to identify SNPs from Sanger sequence data for several species, including barley, rice and Brassica, but the volume of data required to accurately call SNPs in the complex genome of wheat has prevented its application to this important crop. DNA sequencing technology has been revolutionized by the introduction of next-generation sequencing, and it is now possible to generate several million sequence reads in a timely and cost-effective manner. We have produced wheat transcriptome sequence data using 454 sequencing technology and applied this for SNP discovery using a modified autoSNPdb method, which integrates SNP and gene annotation information with a graphical viewer. A total of 4 694 141 sequence reads from three bread wheat varieties were assembled to identify a total of 38 928 candidate SNPs. Each SNP is within an assembly complete with annotation, enabling the selection of polymorphism within genes of interest.
Sox6 regulation of cardiac myocyte development (2003)

A mouse mutation (p100H/p100H) has been identified that is associated with cardioskeletal myopathy, heart block, delayed growth and early postnatal death. The gene that is disrupted in this mutation encodes the transcription factor Sox6. P19CL6 cells were used as an in vitro cardiomyocyte differentiation system and revealed that Sox6 is expressed exclusively when the cells are committed to differentiate to beating cardiac myocytes. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the Prtb (Proline-rich transcript of the brain) protein as a Sox6 interactor, and subsequently confirmed the interaction by co-immunoprecipitation. Prtb expression in P19CL6 cells increased with differentiation to beating cardiomyocytes. Using the P19CL6 cells stably transfected with noggin, an antagonist of BMP (Bone Morphogenic Protein), we found that BMP expression is required for Sox6 expression in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Surprisingly, the expression of the alpha1c-subunit gene of the L-type Ca2+ channel decreased in P19CL6 cells as they differentiated to beating cardiac cells. Ectopic expression of Sox6 or Prtb alone in P19CL6 cells caused down-regulation of L-type Ca2+ alpha1c expression, but when Sox6 and Prtb were co-transfected to the cells, L-type Ca2+ alpha1c remained at basal levels. A similar relationship of Sox6 and L-type Ca2+ alpha1c expression was seen in vivo (comparing wild-type and p(100H)/p(100H) mutant mice). Thus, Sox6 is within the BMP pathway in cardiac differentiation, interacts with Prtb and may play a critical role in the regulation of a cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel.