gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
External lightning protection system for wind turbine blades - aerodynamics (2017)

Many wind turbine blade manufacturers have installed lightning protection systems (particularly the down conductor) internally. Having the down conductor internally within the blades would indeed preserve their aerodynamic performance. However, the blades are, as a consequence, vulnerable to damage and burn resulting from lightning strikes. Owing to this, the authors believe that by having the down conductor on the external surface of the blade, the incidence of blade damage would be reduced. The authors have not found any literature in the public domain that quantifies the effect of having an external down conductor on the aerodynamic performance. Hence, in this paper, a study of the effects of an externally mounted lightning conductor has been undertaken. Simulation studies were carried out using the computational fluid dynamics numerical method available in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. The results of studies on single conductor arrangement have shown that the degradation on aerodynamic performance is least at the trailing edges of the blade. However, it may not be adequate for lightning protection. Therefore, using a similar numerical modelling methodology, simulations were extended and investigated on multiple conductor arrangements where conductors? locations were varied on an aerofoil surfaces. The results of the aerodynamic modelling suggested that a four conductor arrangement may be the best option as it gives more coverage for lightning protection of the wind turbine blades while still having the least reduction (of around 25%) on lift to drag ratio.
Overview of Flywheel Systems for Renewable Energy Storage with a Design Study for High-speed Axial-flux Permanent-magnet Machines (2019)

Flywheel energy storage is considered in this paper for grid integration of renewable energy sources due to its inherent advantages of fast response, long cycle life and flexibility in providing ancillary services to the grid, such as frequency regulation, voltage support, etc. The fundamentals of the technology and recent developments are reviewed, firstly with an emphasis on the design considerations and performance metrics. Then the progress and development trends in electric motor/generators employed in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) are summarized, showing the potential of axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines in such applications. Design examples of high-speed AFPM machines are provided and evaluated in terms of specific power, efficiency, and open-circuit losses in order to validate their suitability in FESS.
Chemical modification of high-quality large-pore M41S materials (2002)

M41S materials with a pore diameter of 80 Å and MCM-41 materials with a pore diameter of 30 Å were grafted with a variety of trimethoxysilanes and chlorosilanes. The obtained hybrid materials were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption measurements and multi nuclear MAS NMR. A comparison of grafting in the liquid and in the gas phase proved that the former method was more efficient: the amount of grafted material was about 20% higher. Of the 80 Å M41S and the 30 Å MCM-41 material, the former resulted in a higher loading of grafted species and a much larger free pore diameter after grafting. It is, therefore, the better starting material for grafting reactions. By optimising the liquid-phase synthesis the loading of grafted material could be increased by 30% compared to the standard method described in the literature. Furthermore, the degree of condensation of the grafted species was higher with the optimised method, as proven by 29Si MAS NMR.
Phy layer abstraction for SU-MIMO LTE system employing parallel interference-aware detection (2016)

Maximum-likelihood (ML) receivers are optimum receivers for MIMO systems, but their complexity grows exponentially with the modulation order of the codeword and the number of spatial layers. The Reduced Complexity ML (R-ML) receivers based on low complexity adaptation of the max-log MAP detector and reduction of searching space are a good compromise to satisfy complexity-performance trade-off. In this paper we investigate physical layer abstraction for singleuser MIMO system with a R-ML receiver performing Parallel Interference Aware (PIA) detection. We develop a light-weight extended Mutual Information Effective SINR Mapping (MIESM) methodology based on look-up tables (LUT), which take the special non-linear nature of the PIA receiver into account. The results show that the proposed LUT-based MIESM abstraction method is as accurate as the direct MIESM abstraction, but at the same time has significantly less computational complexity. It can thus be easily used in performance prediction devices as well as system level simulators.
Ion‐Beam Etching on Nanostructured La 2 Ti 2 O 7 Piezoelectric Thin Films (2013)

The impact of generated Ga + ion beams on the functional properties of crystallized lanthanum dititanate oxide ( La 2 Ti 2 O 7 ) ferroelectric thin films has been investigated at the nanometer scale by means of the scanning probe microscopy. Both the surface and the electrical response are shown to undergo sensitive modifications for areas exposed to ion irradiation. These are revealed through dynamic force mode, Kelvin force, and piezoresponse force ( PFM ) microscopies. Despite the nanometer film‐dimensions, local piezoactivity is still detected, thus confirming the high resistance of the material to ion‐beam exposures. In addition, crystallized La 2 Ti 2 O 7 film, with a Pt electrode on top, is successfully patterned by focused ion beam ( FIB ) process. This allows the achieving of localized islands with lateral sizes ranging from 500 to 300 nm. Nanoscale electromechanical response is measured inside these nanostructures with the help of the PFM technique. In this case, the local piezosignal exhibits a level similar to the one obtained for the unetched film. The measures evidence no obvious sidewall effect in spite of not using the usual postannealing treatment that leads to functional properties recovery. This study demonstrates that the use of La 2 Ti 2 O 7 materials combined with the FIB technique constitute a suitable and promising test‐bench to pattern low‐dimensional nanostructures. These investigations bear significant implications in view of the development of lead‐free piezoelectric thin films for nanoelectromechanical systems applications.
The Role of Infection in Acute Pancreatitis (1994)

Bacterial infection is without any doubt the most important risk factor in patients suffering from acute necrotizing pancreatitis determining the course of the disease, its therapeutic management and outcome. The infection route by which the bacteria enter the necroses is very likely via the colon as demonstrated by animal studies. Infection occurs very early and the frequency of infected pancreatic necrosis is about 40-70% in unselected patients. The spectrum of bacteria most frequently found are germs from the intestine, like Eschericha coli, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus faecalis, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Screening for infected pancreatic necrosis is of outermost importance. In this respect fine needle aspiration by ultrasound or CT guidance with gram staining and culture is the most reliable and harmless procedure to search for infected pancreatic necrosis. Especially patients with suspected infection should undergo fine needle puncture. There is evidence that patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis will profit by an early and appropriate antibiotic therapy. In 5/15 (33%) patients with proven acute necrotizing pancreatitis infected pancreatic necroses were found by fine needle aspiration analysis after a mean of 21 ± 3.3 days after the onset of the disease. In these patients antibiotic treatment with imipenem was started immediately after hospital admission for at least 14 days. This new concept and therapeutic approach resulted in a lower infection rate as well as delayed infection of pancreatic necrosis in the 3rd week of the disease with optimal surgical conditions in our preliminary study.
Mitochondrial fission and mitophagy are independent mechanisms regulating ischemia/reperfusion injury in primary neurons (2021)

Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are constitutive and complex systems that ensure a healthy mitochondrial network through the segregation and subsequent degradation of damaged mitochondria. Disruption of these systems can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and has been established as a central mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are integrated systems; however, the role of this relationship in the context of I/R injury remains unclear. To investigate this concept, we utilized primary cortical neurons isolated from the novel dual-reporter mitochondrial quality control knockin mice (C57BL/6-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(CAG-mCherry/GFP)Ganl/J) with conditional knockout (KO) of Drp1 to investigate changes in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagic flux during in vitro I/R injury. Mitochondrial dynamics was quantitatively measured in an unbiased manner using a machine learning mitochondrial morphology classification system, which consisted of four different classifications: network, unbranched, swollen, and punctate. Evaluation of mitochondrial morphology and mitophagic flux in primary neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (OGD/R) revealed extensive mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling, together with a significant upregulation in mitophagic flux. Furthermore, the primary morphology of mitochondria undergoing mitophagy was classified as punctate. Colocalization using immunofluorescence as well as western blot analysis revealed that the PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy was activated following OGD/R. Conditional KO of Drp1 prevented mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling following OGD/R but did not alter mitophagic flux. These data provide novel evidence that Drp1 plays a causal role in the progression of I/R injury, but mitophagy does not require Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.
The Performance of Multistage Interconnection Networks for Multiprocessors (1983)

This paper studies the performance of unbuffered and buffered, packet-switching, multistage interconnection networks. We begin by reviewing the definition of banyan networks and introducing some generalizations of them. We then present an asymptotic analysis of the performance of unbuffered banyan networks, thereby solving a problem left open by Patel. We analyze the performance of the unbuffered generalized banyan networks, and compare networks with approximately equivalent hardware complexity. Finally, we analyze the performance of buffered banyan networks and again compare networks with approximately equivalent hardware complexity.
Theoretical study of the optical properties of low voltage stacked cholesteric liquid-crystal displays (2004)

Theoretical study of the optical properties of low voltage stacked cholesteric liquid-crystal displays
Dielectric breakdown of PDMS thin films (2013)

This note presents the data on the dielectric breakdown of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films with thicknesses from 2 to 14 μm between the silicon electrodes. The results demonstrate that there is a strong dependence of the breakdown field on both the electrode gap and shape. The breakdown fields range from 250 to 635 V μm−1, depending on the electrode geometry and gap, approaching 10× the breakdown fields for air gaps of the same size. The results are critical for understanding the performance limits of PDMS thin films used in the electromechanical microsystems.
A Closer Look into MPEG-4 High Efficiency AAC (2003)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be
A Comparison of Maximum-Seeking Methods (1959)

The steepest ascent, univariate, factorial, and random methods for seeking maxima were compared by trying versions of them in several two-factor situations, with and without experimental error. Of the two sequential methods, the steepest ascent was better than the univariate. Of the nonsequential methods, the factorial was better than the random. The sequential methods were superior to the nonsequential.
Fabrication of ultralow-loss Si/SiO_2 waveguides by roughness reduction (2001)

We demonstrate 0.8-dB/cm transmission loss for a single-mode, strip Si/SiO(2) waveguide with submicrometer cross-sectional dimensions. We compare the conventional waveguide-fabrication method with two smoothing technologies that we have developed, oxidation smoothing and anisotropic etching. We observe significant reduction of sidewall roughness with our smoothing technologies, which directly results in reduced scattering losses. The rapid increase in the scattering losses as the waveguide dimension is miniaturized, as seen in conventionally fabricated waveguides, is effectively suppressed in the waveguides made with our smoothing technologies. In the oxidation smoothing case, the loss is reduced from 32 dB/cm for the conventional fabrication method to 0.8 dB/cm for the single-mode waveguide width of 0.5 microm . This is to our knowledge the smallest reported loss for a high-index-difference system such as a Si/SiO(2) strip waveguide.
Novel α4-integrin ligands on an endothelial cell line (2000)

The unique combination of adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells is thought to mediate the specificity of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. In this study, murine endothelial cell lines were used as a model to identify novel adhesion molecules that participate in these cellular interactions. Lymphocyte adhesion to the continuous endothelial cell lines mHEVa and mHEVc required alpha 4-integrin. Interestingly, lymphocyte alpha 4-integrin bound to VCAM-1 as well as an unknown ligand on the mHEVa cell line. We have demonstrated that this VCAM-1-independent adhesion to the mHEVa cells was not mediated by other known alpha 4-integrin ligands (fibronectin, alpha 4-integrin itself, or MAdCAM-1). Two novel alpha 4-integrin ligands (p50 and p10) were isolated from the mHEVa cell line but not the mHEVc cell line by B cell alpha 4-integrin-specific ligand binding of radiolabeled mHEV cell membrane proteins. These results provide the first direct evidence that novel ligands for alpha 4-integrin exist on membranes from endothelial cells. Key words: B cell, T cell, endothelial cells, integrin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1.
An improved synthesis of β-hydroxysulfones via α-sulfonylcarbanions in liquid ammonia. The direct metalation of dialkyl and aryl alkyl sulfones (1967)

Dimethyl sulfone, methyl p-tolyl sulfone, ethyl p-tolyl sulfone, benzyl p-tolyl sulfone, and tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide were rapidly and quantitatively metalated by lithium amide (or potassium amide) in liquid ammonia, and the resulting organometallic compounds were added to a variety of carbonyl compounds to form the corresponding β-hydroxysulfones in good to excellent yields. The advantages of this method are speed, convenience, and versatility. Possible reasons for the failure of 1-phenyl-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)methyllithium (XVIII) to form β-hydroxysulfones are discussed.
WDM Recirculation Buffer-Based Optical Fabric for Scalable Cloud Computing (2014)

Optical packet switching is the next-generation disruptive technology for massive cloud data centers. All-optical routers, supporting wavelength parallelism, accelerate the execution of applications and facilitate server virtualization. Despite the recent advances in optical technologies, the greatest challenge in the realization of optical routers is the lack of a mature solution for buffering optical signals. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) have been proposed to emulate electronic buffering by delaying contending optical packets for a fixed amount of time. However, the practical limitation on the number of FDLs in a router requires its ports to be run at low utilization, sacrificing a significant portion of network capacity. In this paper, we introduce a novel modular router architecture based on wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) recirculation buffers as a solution to the problem of limited buffering capacity. We propose a load-balancing scheduler to maximize throughput. Our mathematical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations show that the consolidation of optical buffers in WDM FDLs accompanied with internal load balancing leads to a virtually lossless router, resilient to data center traffic anomalies. The load balancing further minimizes the number of packet recirculations, leading to negligible queueing latency. Our design supports physical layer scalability and is amenable to large-scale optical integration.
Asymmetric Synthesis with the Robust and Versatile 10‐Substituted 9‐Borabicyclo[3.3.2]decanes: Homoallylic Amines from Aldimines (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Update in the medical therapy of Cushing's disease (2013)

These novel approaches provide options for treatment of patients in whom surgery has failed or is not possible, and those who decline adrenalectomy or radiation therapy.
The role of calcium and calmodulin in mediating release of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone by cultured hypothalamic cells (1987)

We have developed a fetal rat hypothalamic cell culture system for the study of factors controlling the acute release of TRH. Release of TRH by the cells has been characterized by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and about 86% of the total immunoreactivity in the medium co-eluted with synthetic TRH. Release of TRH by the cells in response to 56 mmol K+/l increased between days 5 and 9 of culture but reached a plateau thereafter. Cell contents of TRH did not change significantly between days 5 and 14 of culture. Release of TRH from the cells was stimulated by K+ (56 mmol/l), veratridine (100 mumol/l) and ouabain (100 mumol/l) to 550, 480 and 335% of basal release respectively over a 1-h period. Release of TRH was dependent upon calcium in that it was absent when calcium-free medium was used and could be blocked by verapamil (20 mumol/l); however it could not be blocked by nifedipine (50 mumol/l). The calcium ionophore blocked by nifedipine (50 mumol/l). The calcium ionophore A23187 (1 mumol/l) stimulated TRH release to 340% of basal release. Tetrodotoxin (1 mumol/l) completely abolished the release in response to veratridine but had no effect on the release stimulated by K+ (56 mmol/l). The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and triflupromazine (50 mumol/l) inhibited veratridine-stimulated TRH release. This was at a site after calcium influx as they also inhibited A23187-stimulated TRH release. The highly specific calmodulin antagonist W7 (10 mumol/l) also inhibited both veratridine and A23187-stimulated TRH release whereas, at the same concentration, its inactive analogue W5 did not significantly inhibit TRH release in response to either stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Binding properties of p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene tetra(2-pyridylmethoxy) derivative towards alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal cations (2006)

The binding properties of tetra(2-pyridylmethoxy) (2) derived from p-tert-butyldihomo-oxacalix[4]arene, in the cone conformation, towards alkali, alkaline earth, transition (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) and heavy (Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) metal cations have been assessed by extraction studies of metal picrates from water into dichloromethane and stability constant measurements in methanol and acetonitrile. Results concerning the calorimetric study of K+, Ba2+, Cu2+ and Ag+ complexes in acetonitrile are presented. The affinity of 2 for some cations (K+, Ag+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) has also been investigated by proton NMR spectrometry. The analogous derivative (3) of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene was also studied, and the results of both compounds are compared. Towards the hard alkali and alkaline earth metal cations ligands 2 and 3 display a low efficiency of extraction. The complexation levels are also low in methanol becoming, however, much higher in acetonitrile. The highest stability is found for Ca2+ with ligand 2 in this solvent. Both ligands show a very high affinity for the soft heavy metal ions with preference for Ag+, but other ions such as Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ are also well bound. Proton NMR titrations confirm the formation of 1 : 1 complexes between 2 and all the cations studied, also indicating that they should be located inside the cavity defined by the phenoxy oxygen and the pyridyl nitrogen atoms.
Transition-Metal-Free Reactions Between Boronic Acids and N-Sulfonylhydrazones or Diazo Compounds: Reductive Coupling Processes and Beyond (2017)

The metal-free reaction between diazo compounds and boronic acids has been established in recent years as a powerful C(sp3)–C bond-forming reaction. This account covers the recent advances in this area. First, the various synthetic applications of reactions with N-sulfonylhydrazones as a convenient source of diazo compounds is discussed. These transformations can be regarded as reductive couplings of carbonyl compounds. Also covered is the incorporation of other mild sources of diazo compounds in these reactions: diazotization of amines and oxidation of hydrazones. Finally, the development of sequential and cascade processes is presented. 1 Introduction 2 Early Work: Reactions Between Alkylboranes and Diazo Compounds or N-Sulfonylhydrazones 2.1 Reactions Between Alkylboranes and Diazo Compounds 2.2 Reactions Between Alkylboranes and N-Sulfonylhydrazones 3 Reactions of N-Sulfonylhydrazones and Diazo Compounds with Aryl and Alkylboronic Acids 3.1 Reactions of Arylboroxines with Diazo Compounds 3.2 Reductive Couplings of N-Sulfonylhydrazones with Aryl- and Alkylboronic Acids 3.3 Three-Component Reactions Between α-Halotosylhydrazones, Boronic Acids and Indoles 4 Reactions of N-Tosylhydrazones with Alkenylboronic Acids 5 Synthesis of Allenes by Reactions with Alkynyl N-Nosylhydrazones 6 Reactions with Diazo Compounds Generated by Diazotization of Primary Amines 7 Reactions with Diazo Compounds Generated by Oxidation of ­Hydrazones 8 Reactions with Trimethylsilyldiazomethane 9 Cascade Cyclization Reactions with γ- and δ-Cyano-N-tosylhydrazones 10 Summary and Outlook
Effect of Chemical Modifications on the Gushing-inducing Activity of a Hydrophobic Protein Produced by aNigrosporasp (1977)

Journal Article Effect of Chemical Modifications on the Gushing-inducing Activity of a Hydrophobic Protein Produced by a Nigrospora sp Get access Katsuaki Kitabatake, Katsuaki Kitabatake Central Research Laboratories, Asahi Breweries Ltd., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mikio Amaha Mikio Amaha Central Research Laboratories, Asahi Breweries Ltd., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 6, 1 June 1977, Pages 1011–1019, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862626 Published: 01 June 1977 Article history Received: 13 January 1977 Published: 01 June 1977