gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of visibly photoluminescent Si microstructures by focused ion beam implantation and wet etching (1994)

A technique is reported for the fabrication of optically active Si microstructures embedded in a crystalline Si (c-Si) substrate. The process combines Si microstructure fabrication by localized high dose Ga+ (1016/cm2) focused ion beam (FIB) implantation at 30 kV into n-type (100) Si followed by anisotropic etching in KOH:H2O (1:5 by volume). Self-selective porous Si (PoSi) formation of the microstructures is obtained by stain etching in HF:HNO3:H2O (1:3:5 by volume). Upon UV 365 nm or Ar+ 488 nm excitation, selective visible room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) was observed from the Si microstructures only. The PL, peaked at ∼670 nm with a full width at half-magnitude (FWHM) of ∼130 nm, is similar to that of PoSi obtained from c-Si substrate.
Effects of electrode configuration on polymer carbon-black composite chemical vapor sensor performance (2002)

The performance of polymer carbon-black composite chemical vapor sensors as a function of underlying electrode size and geometry has been studied. The sensor performance parameters investigated were sensor response magnitude to a toluene analyte (100, 500, and 1000 ppm), fundamental sensor noise in the presence of air, and two concentrations of toluene (100 and 500 ppm), and signal-to-noise ratio (100 and 500 ppm). An array of sensors with 42 different circular electrode configurations were designed, fabricated, and tested where electrode gap was varied from 10 to 500 /spl mu/m and the diameter of the sensors was varied from 30 to 2000 /spl mu/m. Each array of electrodes was coated with an approximately 1 /spl mu/m-thick layer of conducting polymer carbon-black composite with an insulating poly(alkylacrylate) polymer. The response magnitude, fundamental noise, and signal-to-noise ratio of each sensor was measured and compared to electrode geometry, such as electrode gap, aspect ratio, and overall size. No significant dependence of sensor response magnitude and noise to electrode configuration has been observed to be larger than the variation from sensor to sensor. However, the signal-to-noise ratio tended to decrease for sensors with the smallest scales.
Parametric approach to the decoupling of linear distributed-parameter systems (2010)

In this study the input–output decoupling of linear distributed-parameter systems with distributed control and distributed measurement is considered. The decoupling problem is formulated as an eigenstructure assignment problem for distributed-parameter systems, which is solved using the parametric approach. The resulting static state feedback controller exponentially stabilises the closed-loop system and decouples the reference transfer behaviour with respect to the first p dominant closed-loop modal states. The residual dynamics are taken into account by compensating further dominant eigenvalues with transmission zeros, so that they do not influence the reference transfer behaviour. A heat conductor is used to demonstrate the design procedure which is also compared with an early lumping approach.
Supplementary Table 3 from Nanoparticle-Delivered Suicide Gene Therapy Effectively Reduces Ovarian Tumor Burden in Mice (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Nanoparticle-Delivered Suicide Gene Therapy Effectively Reduces Ovarian Tumor Burden in Mice
Synthese und pharmakologische Wirkung von substituierten Sulfonalen (1959)

Abstract Wir stellten eine Reihe von substituierten Sulfonalen mit Hydroxy‐, Alkoxy‐ und Dialkylamino‐Gruppen her. Ihre pharmakologische Prüfung liess weder spasmolytische, noch hypnotische Eigenschaften erkennen. Nur zwei Derivate sind etwas analgetisch wirksam.
PATH-40. SPORADIC NF2 WILD-TYPE MULTIPLE MENINGIOMAS HARBOR DISTINCT DRIVER MUTATIONS (2021)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Multiple meningiomas (MM) are rare and present a unique management challenge. While the mutational landscape of single meningiomas has been extensively studied, understanding the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic MM remains incomplete. The objective of this study is to elucidate the genetic features of sporadic MM. METHODS We identified nine patients with MM (n=19) defined as ≥2 spatially separated synchronous or metachronous meningiomas. We profiled genetic changes in these tumors using next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay that covers a large number of targetable and frequently mutated genes in meningiomas including AKT1, KLF4, NF2, PIK3CA/PIK3R1, POLR2A, SMARCB1, SMO, SUFU, TRAF7, and the TERT promoter. RESULTS Most of MM were WHO grade 1 (n= 16, 84.2%). Within individual patients, no driver mutation was shared between separate tumors. All but two cases harbored different hot spot mutations in known meningioma-driver genes like TRAF7 (n= 5), PIK3CA (n= 4), AKT1 (n= 3), POLR2A (n=1) and SMO (n= 1). Moreover, individual tumors differed in histologic subtype in 8/9 patients. The low frequency of NF2 mutations in our series stands in contrast to previous studies that included hereditary cases arising in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for genomic inter-tumor heterogeneity and an independent molecular origin of sporadic NF2 wild-type MM. Furthermore, these findings suggest that genetic characterization of each lesion is warranted in sporadic MM.
Downscaling Extreme Rainfall Using Physical-Statistical Generative Adversarial Learning (2022)

Modeling the risk of extreme weather events in a changing climate is essential for developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although the available low-resolution climate models capture different scenarios, accurate risk assessment for mitigation and adaption often demands detail that they typically cannot resolve. Here, we develop a dynamic data-driven downscaling (super-resolution) method that incorporates physics and statistics in a generative framework to learn the fine-scale spatial details of rainfall. Our method transforms coarse-resolution ($0.25^{\circ} \times 0.25^{\circ}$) climate model outputs into high-resolution ($0.01^{\circ} \times 0.01^{\circ}$) rainfall fields while efficaciously quantifying uncertainty. Results indicate that the downscaled rainfall fields closely match observed spatial fields and their risk distributions.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Machine-Learning Implementation in Clinical Anesthesia: Opportunities and Challenges. (2021)

No abstract available PMID: 31922996 Funding information This work was supported by: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K01 HG008498
Benchmarking of Inkjet Printing Methods for Combined Throughput and Performance (2020)

Digital manufacturing of electrically conductive lines on flexible, soft polymers represents a key step for the 3D integration of electronic devices. Yet, the tradeoff between throughput and performance, once substrate and conducting materials are fixed, is an often‐missing step in the literature. Herein, Ag conductive lines printed on a soft polymer are realized by means of piezoelectric inkjet printing, and three printing methods are compared to benchmark their output: drop on position, print on fly, and shingle method.
A quantitative proteomics analysis of MCF7 breast cancer stem and progenitor cell populations (2015)

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that breast cancers are initiated and develop from a small population of stem-like cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are hypothesized to mediate tumor metastasis and contribute to therapeutic resistance. However, the molecular regulatory networks responsible for maintaining CSCs in an undifferentiated state have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used CSC markers to isolate pure breast CSCs fractions (ALDH+ and CD44+CD24- cell populations) and the mature luminal cells (CD49f-EpCAM+) from the MCF7 cell line. Proteomic analysis was performed on these samples and a total of 3304 proteins were identified. A label-free quantitative method was applied to analyze differentially expressed proteins. Using the criteria of greater than twofold changes and p value <0.05, 305, 322 and 98 proteins were identified as significantly different in three pairwise comparisons of ALDH+ versus CD44+CD24-, ALDH+ versus CD49f-EpCAM+ and CD44+CD24- versus CD49f-EpCAM+, respectively. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed potential molecular regulatory networks that may regulate CSCs. Selected differential proteins were validated by Western blot assay and immunohistochemical staining. The use of proteomics analysis may increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of breast CSCs. This may be of importance in the future development of anti-CSC therapeutics.
Protein adsorption onto nanoparticles induces conformational changes: Particle size dependency, kinetics, and mechanisms (2015)

The use of nanomaterials in bioapplications demands a detailed understanding of protein-nanoparticle interactions. Proteins can undergo conformational changes while adsorbing onto nanoparticles, but studies on the impact of particle size on conformational changes are scarce. We have shown that conformational changes happening upon adsorption of myoglobin and BSA are dependent on the size of the nanoparticle they are adsorbing to. Out of eight initially investigated model proteins, two (BSA and myoglobin) showed conformational changes, and in both cases this conformational change was dependent on the size of the nanoparticle. Nanoparticle sizes ranged from 30 to 1000 nm and, in contrast to previous studies, we attempted to use a continuous progression of sizes in the range found in live viruses, which is an interesting size of nanoparticles for the potential use as drug delivery vehicles. Conformational changes were only visible for particles of 200 nm and bigger. Using an optimized circular dichroism protocol allowed us to follow this conformational change with regard to the nanoparticle size and, thanks to the excellent temporal resolution also in time. We uncovered significant differences between the unfolding kinetics of myoglobin and BSA. In this study, we also evaluated the plausibility of commonly used explanations for the phenomenon of nanoparticle size-dependent conformational change. Currently proposed mechanisms are mostly based on studies done with relatively small particles, and fall short in explaining the behavior seen in our studies.
Precision Measurement of the Mass and Lifetime of theΞb0Baryon (2014)

Using a proton-proton collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1) collected by LHCb at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, about 3800 Ξ(b)(0) → Ξ(c)(+)π(-), Ξ(c)(+)) → pK(-)π(+) signal decays are reconstructed. From this sample, the first measurement of the Ξ(b)(0) baryon lifetime is made, relative to that of the Λ(b)(0) baryon. The mass differences M(Ξ(b)(0))-M(Λ(b)(0)) and M(Ξ(c)(+))-M(Λ(c)(+)) are also measured with precision more than 4 times better than the current world averages. The resulting values are τ(Ξ(b)(0))/τ(Λ)(b)(0)) = 1.006 ± 0.018 ± 0.010,M(Ξ(b)(0))-M(Λ(b)(0)) = 172.44 ± 0.39 ± 0.17 MeV/c(2),M(Ξ(c)(+))-M(Λ(c)(+)) = 181.51 ± 0.14 ± 0.10 MeV/c(2),where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The relative rate of Ξ(b)(0) to Λ(b)(0) baryon production is measured to be f(Ξ)(b)(0))/f(Λ)(b)(0))B(Ξ(b)(0) → Ξ(c)(+)π(-))/B(Λ(b)(0) → Λ(c)(+)π(-))B(Ξ(c)(+) → pK(-)π(+))/B(Λ(c)(+) → pK(-)}π(+)) = (1.88 ± 0.04 ± 0.03) × 10(-2),where the first factor is the ratio of fragmentation fractions, b → Ξ(b)(0) relative to b → Λ(b)(0). Relative production rates as functions of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are also presented.
An Intelligent Battery Controller Using Bias-Corrected Q-learning (2021)

The transition to renewables requires storage to help smooth short-term variations in energy from wind and solar sources, as well as to respond to spikes in electricity spot prices, which can easily exceed 20 times their average. Efficient operation of an energy storage device is a fundamental problem, yet classical algorithms such as $Q$-learning can diverge for millions of iterations, limiting practical applications. We have traced this behavior to the max-operator bias, which is exacerbated by high volatility in the reward function, and high discount factors due to the small time steps. We propose an elegant bias correction procedure and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in humans and animals in the Czech Republic between 2002 and 2004 (2005)

In the period between September 2002 and May 2004, a total of 6023 rectal swabs from humans in the Czech Republic were evaluated and 821 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated. Nine strains (1.1 %) were identified as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Two strains were VanA Enterococcus faecium, one strain was VanB Enterococcus faecalis and six strains were VanC Enterococcus casseliflavus. In total, 527 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from poultry breeds of which 11 (2.1 %) were VRE. Most (54.5 %) were identified as VanA E. faecium. Cluster analysis of SmaI-generated macrorestriction patterns showed high variability in both human and animal VRE strains and no relatedness between strains from the two sources.
Sliding Factor Development on Mechanical Emotion in Mobile Phone of Slide Type (2012)

Objective: The aim of this study is to find the optimal values of sliding factors which influence the mechanical emotion of users when they use sliding type mobile phones. Background: There are various researches that study the emotion of using mobile phones. They focus the correlation between emotion words and design factors and use the commercial products by the subjects in the experiment. However, it has a limit in finding the optimal point of emotional factors because we can search the restricted values in the mass production of the products. Therefore, we will find the optimal points by realizing the full range of the user"s mechanical emotion. Method: First, we need to get the detailed factors which can describe the mechanical emotion in sliding up and down the mobile phone. Next, we find the control factors by considering the correlation between the factors of the sliding emotion and the possibility of quantitative design. To find the optimal points on the control factors, we make a sliding evaluation system which can help users feel the sliding mechanical emotion by realizing control factors. Finally, we find the optimal points by doing the experiment the system being used. Results: The critical values of the factors which are the main variables of this study are Open Max Force and Dead point Ratio. The optimal point of the Open Max Force is 200~250g/f, and the Dead point Ratio is 40~50%. Conclusion: In this study we develop the sliding evaluation system to realize the control factors of the sliding type phone and find the optimal values of the critical factors. Application: The results can be used as the criteria for designing sliding type phone.BR
Active relearning for robust on-road vehicle detection and tracking (2013)

This paper aims to introduce a novel robust real time system capable of rapidly detecting and tracking vehicles in a video stream using a monocular vision system. The framework used for this purpose is an actively relearned implementation of the Haar-like feature based Viola-Jones classifier capable of classifying image frame regions as a vehicle or non-vehicle. A passively trained supervised system (based on Adaboost) is initially built by cascading a set of weak classifiers working with Rectangular Haar-like features. An actively learned model is then generated from the initial passive classifier by querying misclassified instances when the model is evaluated on an independent dataset. This classifier is integrated with a Lucas-Kanade Optical Flow Tracker and an empirical distance estimation algorithm to evolve the system into a complete real-time detection and tracking system. The built model is then evaluated extensively on static as well as real world data and results are presented.
Automated heart wall motion abnormality detection from ultrasound images using Bayesian networks (2007)

Coronary Heart Disease can be diagnosed by measuring and scoring regional motion of the heart wall in ultrasound images of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart. We describe a completely automated and robust technique that detects diseased hearts based on detection and automatic tracking of the endocardium and epicardium of the LV. The local wall regions and the entire heart are then classified as normal or abnormal based on the regional and global LV wall motion. In order to leverage structural information about the heart we applied Bayesian Networks to this problem, and learned the relations among the wall regions off of the data using a structure learning algorithm. We checked the validity of the obtained structure using anatomical knowledge of the heart and medical rules as described by doctors. The resultant Bayesian Network classifier depends only on a small subset of numerical features extracted from dual-contours tracked through time and selected using a filter-based approach. Our numerical results confirm that our system is robust and accurate on echocardiograms collected in routine clinical practice at one hospital; our system is built to be used in real-time.
Search for KS(L)0→μ+μ−μ+μ− decays at LHCb (2023)

A search for ${K}_{\mathrm{S}(\mathrm{L})}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. No evidence for signal is found. The 90% confidence level upper limits are the first set for both decays and are $\mathcal{B}({K}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;5.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ and $\mathcal{B}({K}_{\mathrm{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$.
Hierarchical learning in polynomial Support Vector Machines (2000)

We study the typical properties of polynomial Support Vector Machines within a Statistical Mechanics approach that allows us to analyze the effect of different normalizations of the features. If the normalization is adecuately chosen, there is a hierarchical learning of features of increasing order as a function of the training set size.
Direct monitoring of drug degradation by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry: the case of enalapril (2011)

Using enalapril maleate as a test case, the ability of ambient mass spectrometry, namely, via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), to perform direct monitoring of drug degradation has been tested. Two manufacturing processes were investigated (direct compression and wet granulation), and the formation of degradation products was measured via both EASI-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for a total period of 18 months. Both techniques provide comparable results, which indicate that direct analysis by ambient mass spectrometric techniques presents a viable alternative for drug degradation monitoring with superior simplicity, throughput, and reliability (no sample manipulation), and comparable quantitative results. In terms of qualitative monitoring, the full mass spectra with intact species provided by EASI-MS allow for comprehensive monitoring of known and unknown (or unexpected) degradation products.
Effect of Joint Detection on System Throughput in Distributed Antenna Network (2018)

This paper evaluates the throughput of a distributed antenna network (DAN) with multiple mobile terminal scheduling and the usage of joint maximum-likelihood detection (MLD). Mobile terminals are closer to the desired antennas in the DAN which leads to higher throughput and better frequency utilization efficiency. However, when multiple mobile terminal scheduling is applied to the DAN, interference can occur between transmitted signals from antennas. Therefore, in this research, mobile terminal scheduling along with joint MLD is applied to reduce the effects of interference. A system level simulation shows that the usage of joint MLD in a densely packed DAN provides better system throughput regardless of the numbers of mobile terminals and fading channels.
Impacts of tropical cyclones on U.S. forest tree mortality and carbon flux from 1851 to 2000 (2009)

Tropical cyclones cause extensive tree mortality and damage to forested ecosystems. A number of patterns in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity have been identified. There exist, however, few studies on the dynamic impacts of historical tropical cyclones at a continental scale. Here, we synthesized field measurements, satellite image analyses, and empirical models to evaluate forest and carbon cycle impacts for historical tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2000 over the continental U.S. Results demonstrated an average of 97 million trees affected each year over the entire United States, with a 53-Tg annual biomass loss, and an average carbon release of 25 Tg y(-1). Over the period 1980-1990, released CO(2) potentially offset the carbon sink in forest trees by 9-18% over the entire United States. U.S. forests also experienced twice the impact before 1900 than after 1900 because of more active tropical cyclones and a larger extent of forested areas. Forest impacts were primarily located in Gulf Coast areas, particularly southern Texas and Louisiana and south Florida, while significant impacts also occurred in eastern North Carolina. Results serve as an important baseline for evaluating how potential future changes in hurricane frequency and intensity will impact forest tree mortality and carbon balance.
Mobile Metering: Flexible und flaechendeckende Ladeinfrastruktur (2013)

Mobile Metering basiert auf mobiler Zaehl- und Kommunikationstechnik, die sich nicht mehr in einer stationaeren Ladeinfrastruktur, sondern in einem intelligenten Ladekabel oder direkt im Elektrofahrzeug befindet. Dadurch werden die Ladepunkte fuer Elektrofahrzeuge auf technisch einfache Systemsteckdosen reduziert, die kompakt, guenstig und einfach zu installieren sind. Ladepunkte nach dem Konzept von Ubitricity verusachen nahezu keine laufenden Kosten, machen Ladeinfrastruktur somit bezahlbar und flaechendeckend verfuegbar.