gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contact stimulation of cell migration (1992)

Mass migrations of dense cell populations occur periodically during embryonic development. It is known that extracellular matrices, through which the cells migrate, facilitate locomotion. However, this does not explain how cells, such as neural crest, can migrate as a dense cohort of cells in essentially continuous contact with one another. We report here that unique behavioral characteristics of the migrating cells may contribute to cohesive migration. We used time-lapse video microscopy to analyze the migration of quail neural crest cells and of two crest derivatives, human melanoma cells and melanocytes. These cells migrated poorly, if at all, when isolated, but could be stimulated up to 200-fold to travel following contact with migrating cells. This phenomenon, which we have termed "contact-stimulated migration," appeared to activate and sustain migration of the mass of cells. Cells that became dissociated from the others ceased directional migration, thereby limiting aberrant cell dispersion. Fibroblasts were minimally responsive to this novel phenomenon, which may be crucial for major, mass cell migrations.
Introductory Overview: Soil, Water, and Civilization (1994)

The Middle East is a particularly interesting region in which to study the environmental history of civilization. Judicious management of soil and water is exemplified in some of the arid regions of the Middle East and the American Southwest. In an even more profound sense, both soil and water belong to the biosphere, to the order of nature, and as one species among many, humans have no right to use them up. The global impact of human activities on the biosphere can be considered in terms of the fraction of net primary productivity (NPP) humans have appropriated. According to some estimates humanity is already using close to 40% of terrestrial NPP. The history of humanity has always been a race between learning and disaster. The form of disaster threatening human welfare seems to change from time to time like a many-headed dragon.
How to grasp micro transparent object with integrated vision (2004)

This paper describes the technique to grasp the micro transparent objects, such as crystal and cell, using the integrated vision system. At first, several 3D modeling techniques for transparent object are surveyed, which were mainly applied to use the polarization technique. Secondly, polarization characteristics on micro transparent object are evaluated. Thirdly, integrated vision system for micro objects is briefly reviewed. Then, to solve the problem of the transparent object with this integrated vision system, several new methods based on the volume rendering and edge methods information using the integrated vision system is proposed. Finally, the modeling and handling technique are proposed.
A Combined Electrocoagulation-Electrooxidation Process for Carwash Wastewater Reclamation (2015)

Wastewater from a carwash was treated by a combined electrocoagulation and electrooxidation process. Electrocoagulation is effective at reducing organics, but even more so when coupled with electrooxidation. Electrocoagulation with iron and aluminum produced similar results, but iron imparted color to the solution, so aluminum was used. Aluminum electrocoagulation at pH 7 with a current density of 150 A/m2 for 60 min reduced turbidity by 98%, color by 96%, oils by 92%, chemical oxygen demand by 76%, biochemical oxygen demand by 74%, and methylene blue active substances by 56%. The electrooxidation process with BDD electrodes at 210 A/m2 for 120 min was effective in reducing chemical oxygen demand 82%, color 81%, methylene blue active substances 81%, biochemical oxygen demand 73%, and chlorides 72%. The combined process was very effective in reducing oils 100%, color 99.3%, turbidity 98.4%, chemical oxygen demand 96%, biochemical oxygen demand 93% and methylene blue active substances 92%. Finally, the organic characteristics of the wastewater are well below the limits set by the governments of Mexico and the US. However, it could also be reused as wash water in the carwash.
Coupled Metallic Thin-Film/Nanoparticle-Array Systems for Far-Field Engineering of Quantum-Well Luminescence (2012)

Metal nanostructures consisting of coupled Ag films and nanoparticle arrays are fabricated, characterized via measurements of their plasmonic dispersion curves, and used to demonstrate collimation of the emitted light from nitride quantum wells.
The mean-square Friedel intensity difference inP1 with a centrosymmetric substructure (2007)

For non-centrosymmetric structures in space group P1 containing a centrosymmetric substructure, analytical expressions have been obtained for various functions of the diffraction intensity of Friedel opposites. These functions are the average intensity of Friedel opposites, the mean difference in intensity of Friedel opposites and the mean-square difference in intensity of Friedel opposites. A Bijvoet intensity ratio is defined for the evaluation of resonant-scattering effects in non-centrosymmetric and pseudo-centrosymmetric structures. Analysis of these expressions confirms that both resonant and non-resonant atoms are necessary to produce differences in intensity between Friedel opposites and also shows that in some circumstances atoms may lie on a centrosymmetric substructure without diminishing the Bijvoet intensity ratio. The effects of the real component of resonant scattering, of the variation of the scattering factors with sin theta/lambda, of isotropic atomic displacement parameters, of a crystal twinned by inversion, of atoms in special positions and of weak reflections are considered. Software is available for the evaluation of the Bijvoet intensity ratio.
Chronopharmacology of intravenous and oral modified release verapamil (1999)

Time of dosing has no significant influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this new modified release formulation of verapamil. Circadian variation in presystemic metabolism of verapamil was not observed.
Elemental Impurities in Pediatric Calcium Carbonate Preparations-High Throughput Quantification and Risk Assessment (2021)

Calcium carbonate which is extracted from the Earth in combination with other mineral impurities, is largely used in preparations for pediatric supplements. Elemental impurities in drug products pose toxicological concerns without therapeutic benefits. Thus, it is very urgent to assess the safety of chronic exposure to elements that may be present in trace amounts. In the present study, we developed high throughput ICP-MS method for the quantitative determination of 62 elemental impurities in high matric calcium carbonate samples and validated according to USP 233. Calcium carbonate preparations which state clearly used for child (including neonates, infants, toddlers and children) from 9 manufactures and two types of raw materials (light calcium carbonate and ground calcium carbonate) were investigated in terms of the content and variability of 62 elemental impurities. According to the results, ground calcium carbonate was more suitable to be used in pediatric preparations concerning elemental impurities. Parts of elemental impurities in CaCO<sub>3</sub> preparations which are derived from the raw materials and the preparation process, may cause potential risks for children. These results indicate that it is necessary to establish a modern instrumental analysis method to evaluate and control elemental impurities in CaCO<sub>3</sub> raw materials and preparations.
Expression of G(alpha)(s) proteins and TSH receptor signalling in hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules with TSH receptor mutations (2002)

The reduced expression of G(alpha)(s) protein subunits in HTNs with TSHR mutations could act as a feedback mechanism to desensitise the chronically stimulated cAMP cascade. As G(alpha) protein expression was not significantly increased in the majority of CTNs and HTNs an influence of G(alpha) overexpression on TSH signalling could be excluded in these nodules.
Human glycophorin A and B are encoded by separate, single copy genes coordinately regulated by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester. (1986)

Human glycophorin A belongs to a family of structurally related cell surface glycoproteins which are expressed in erythroid cells. We have recently isolated several human glycophorin A-specific cDNA clones and have determined their nucleotide sequence (Siebert, P. D., and Fukuda, M. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 1665-1669). In this report by using cDNA and exact sequence synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as hybridization probes, we provide evidence that human glycophorin A and B are encoded by separate and distinct genes present as single copies in the human genome. Furthermore, we show that the expression of the glycophorin A and B genes are coordinately regulated by tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
An Overview of Production of Titanium and an Attempt to Titanium Production with Ferro-Titanium (2010)

Article An Overview of Production of Titanium and an Attempt to Titanium Production with Ferro-Titanium was published on December 1, 2010 in the journal High Temperature Materials and Processes (volume 29, issue 5-6).
Photodynamic therapy selectively eradicates ultraviolet B‐induced squamous cell carcinoma lesion through rapid apoptosis to restore normal epidermis in a mouse model (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Enhanced Handoff Control Scheme for Multimedia Traffic in Cellular Networks (2004)

This letter presents an enhanced handoff control scheme allowing dynamic bandwidth sharing between different types of traffic for improving bandwidth utilization in multimedia mobile cellular networks. Performance results for the proposed scheme are obtained analytically and by simulation. The results demonstrate superior efficiency achieved by the proposed scheme.
Perceptual properties of English fricatives (1999)

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the properties that contribute to fricative perception. Listeners’ identification of English fricatives based on fricative-vowel syllables and on isolated fricative noise portions reveals the perceptual salience of each fricative and the extent to which fricative-to-vowel transitions contribute to identification. Two further experiments specifically address perception of the nonsibilant fricatives, which, it has been claimed, may be based more on semantic or facial factors. One experiment investigates how a semantically matching or mismatching precursor affects perception of minimal pairs (e.g., fin-thin). A second experiment determines the extent to which auditory and/or visual information each contribute to fricative perception. Moreover, regression of these perceptual data on acoustic measurements, including noise duration, amplitude, relative amplitude, spectral peak location, spectral moments, and locus equations [see Jongman et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3086A (1998)], indicates which acoustic properties play a significant role in fricative perception. [Work supported by NIH.]
Effect of particle size on the photocatalytic activity of BiNbO4under visible light irradiation (2016)

Numerous attempts have focused on developing more efficient visible-light active photocatalysts. Bismuth niobate (BiNbO4) was reported as a potential candidate for photocatalytic water splitting and for the degradation of organic molecule under visible-light irradiation because of its small band gap and appropriate band positions. Here, three BiNbO4 samples with different, uniform particle sizes were synthesized. The effect of BiNbO4 particle size on its photocatalytic activity was studied by using the reduction of 4-nitroaniline as model reaction. Results show that the photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitroaniline varies systematically with the change in particle size and surface areas. To better understand the correlation between structure, composition, morphology, and optical properties, the catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL).
Inhibitory effect of cadmium acetate on synaptosomal ATP diphosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.5; apyrase) from adult rat cerebral cortex. (1994)

ATP diphosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.5; apyrase) is an enzyme that can promote ATP and ADP hydrolysis to AMP plus inorganic phosphate and depends on divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mg2+. In previous papers we described this enzyme in the synaptosomal fraction from the central and peripheral nervous system. The present report examines whether cadmium acetate could affect the in vitro activity of the enzyme in the synaptosomal fraction from the cerebral cortex of adult male Wistar rats. Cadmium (Cd2+), a heavy metal with neurotoxic effects, inhibited the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner. All concentrations tested (0.05-1.0 mM) significantly inhibited the hydrolysis of both substrates (ATP and ADP), with the exception of 0.05 mM on ATP hydrolysis. The kinetic data indicate a noncompetitive inhibition between the cations Cd2+ and Ca2+.
Local Immune Response to Upper Urinary Tract Infections in Children (2008)

Vaccines are needed against urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children, as episodes of pyelonephritis (PN) may cause renal scarring. Local immune mechanisms are regarded to confer protection, yet they have been poorly characterized for children. This study explores the local immune response in children by looking for newly activated pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC), expected to appear transiently in the circulation as a response to UTI. Urinary tract-originating ASC specific to each patient's own pathogen or P fimbria were studied in 37 children with PN. The children were examined for recidivism and renal scarring in a 6-month follow-up study. Pathogen-specific ASC were found in 33/37 children, with the magnitude increasing with age. In contrast to the case for adults, with immunoglobulin A (IgA) dominance, in 18/33 cases IgM dominated the response, and this occurred more frequently in infants (63%) than in older children (30%). The most vigorous response was found to whole Escherichia coli bacteria (geometric mean, 63 +/- 2,135 ASC/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]), yet responses were found to P fimbriae (13 +/- 33 ASC/10(6) PBMC), too. The response peaked at 1 to 2 weeks and was low/negligible 3 to 7 weeks after the beginning of symptoms. Recidivism was seen in seven patients, and renal scarring was seen in nine patients. In conclusion, a response of circulating ASC was found in children with UTIs, with the magnitude increasing with age. Since IgM is not present in urine, the IgM dominance of the response suggests that systemic immune mechanisms are more important in the immune defense in children than in adults. In 81% of patients, no recidivism was seen, suggesting a successful immune defense.
Associations between cerebrovascular risk factors and parkinson disease (2019)

Cerebrovascular risk factors are associated with Parkinson disease, an effect comparable to their association with Alzheimer disease. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:572-581.
Experimental Assessment of the Load Distribution in Multi-Dowel Timber Connections (2016)

An integrative, hierarchically organized testing procedure for the quantification of the load distribution in multi-dowel timber connections is presented herein. The use of contactless deformation measurement systems allowed the combination of test data from single dowel and multi-dowel connections, which gave access to the loads acting on each dowel over the full loading history. As a consequence of the anisotropic material behavior of wood, a nonuniform and progressively changing load distribution among the dowels was found.
Manufacturing a chimpanzee adenovirus‐vectored SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine to meet global needs (2021)

Manufacturing has been the key factor limiting rollout of vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring rapid development and large-scale implementation of novel manufacturing technologies. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222, Vaxzevria) is an efficacious vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, based upon an adenovirus vector. We describe the development of a process for the production of this vaccine and others based upon the same platform, including novel features to facilitate very large-scale production. We discuss the process economics and the "distributed manufacturing" approach we have taken to provide the vaccine at globally-relevant scale and with international security of supply. Together, these approaches have enabled the largest viral vector manufacturing campaign to date, providing a substantial proportion of global COVID-19 vaccine supply at low cost.
Changes in the receptor for immunoglobulin E coincident with receptor-mediated stimulation of basophilic leukemia cells (1983)

Aggregation of the receptor for immunoglobulin E on mast cells and related tumor cells initiates exocytosis. We examined tumor cells that had incorporated [3H]leucine and 32P to see if stimulating them produced modifications in the receptors themselves. No changes were observed in the yield of receptors or in the relative proportion and the molecular weights of their alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. In addition, no new "receptor-associated" components were observed. However, after the cells were stimulated, the gamma chains of the receptors showed an average 35% decrease in their associated 32P. Changes in the beta subunits were more variable but on the average showed a similar-sized increase in 32P. Using a novel protocol that permitted examination of aggregated and unaggregated receptors from the same cell, we found that changes in the unaggregated receptors were quantitatively indistinguishable from those exhibited by the aggregated receptors. These findings raise the possibility that the changes are related to one of the inactivation reactions thought to accompany the activation sequence.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Pharmacy Teaching at a Midwestern University (2021)

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic severely impacted higher education institutions. In March 2020, the North Dakota State University School of Pharmacy notified faculty and students that the remainder of the semester would be taught using remote learning. The study objective is to determine how the change from the traditional classroom to remote learning impacted students and faculty. Pharmacy students were surveyed to ascertain how the transition to remote learning have impacted their learning. Additionally, faculty were surveyed using a semi-structured interview to assess their instructional efforts. The student survey findings identify several challenges impacting instruction, including online exam-taking and balancing time constraints. Faculty survey responses collected include themes of decreased student engagement, technology use and access, and transitions in the learning environment. Curriculum areas facing significant challenges during the pandemic include hands-on laboratory skills and experiential education which required multiple changes. Despite the challenges, faculty made the teaching transitions that they might not have otherwise tried. Assessing the impact of remote learning will continue to be important as the pandemic continues.
Chemical Constituents of the Seed Cake of Camellia oleifera and Their Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Activities (2018)

There is a growing interest in the exploitation of agricultural byproducts. This study explored the potential beneficial health effects from the main biowaste, tea seed pomace of Camellia oleifera Abel (Theaceae), produced when tea seed is processed. Eighteen compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of the seed cake of C. oleifera. Their structures were determined by ESI-MS, <sup>1</sup> H- and <sup>13</sup> C-NMR together with literature data. All fractions and compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant and melanogenesis inhibitory activities. As the result, AcOEt fraction has the best in vitro antioxidant and antimelanogenesis activities, compounds 7 - 12 and 15 showed remarkable antioxidant activity, compounds 4, 6, 8, and 15 - 17 exhibited superior inhibitory activities against melanogenesis. Furthermore, tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay suggested that compound 8 could suppress melanogenesis by inhibiting the expression of tyrosinase.
Lipids in Nutrition & Health: A Reappraisal. 1999, Michael I. Gurr, The Oily Press. pp. 200. £49.00, $86.00 including airmail. ISBN 0-9531949-1-4. (2000)

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Chapter 1. Introduction to Green Nanostructured Photocatalysts (2015)

Recently, because of major concerns regarding fossil fuels, research in modern societies has focused on the utilization of alternative renewable energy sources in order to meet future energy demands. Solar energy is recognized as the primary source of renewable energy due to its year-round availability and its applications in various fields, such as heating, water splitting, and electricity generation using photocatalysts. The major drawbacks of solar energy conversion systems are their lower conversion efficiency, higher manufacturing and replacement costs, and health and environmental impacts of the materials employed. In order to eliminate such obstacles, many studies have focused on the energy and cost efficiency of solar cells (particularly dye-sensitized solar cells and thin-film solar cells), water-splitting devices, and CO2-capturing systems using various photocatalytic green nanomaterials, such as binary and ternary metal oxides, microorganisms (bacteria, algae, and viruses), and other catalysts and cocatalysts. These materials have been extensively studied because of their many advantages: chemical stability, tunable band gap structures, and abundance on Earth. In this book, we discuss the fundamentals of solar energy conversion, green synthesis approaches using these photocatalysts, the natural photosynthetic system, water splitting, CO2 capture, and organic and inorganic contaminant removal processes using photo-active green nanomaterials, as well as the theory behind these processes and standard measurements for comparisons. We also provide an update of recent developments in the field for the benefit of readers.