gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a meter for measuring return line fluid flow rates during drilling (1992)

The most costly problem routinely encountered in geothermal drilling is lost circulation, which occurs when drilling fluid is lost to the formation rather than circulating back to the surface. The successful and economical treatment of lost circulation requires the accurate measurement of drilling fluid flow rate both into and out of the well. This report documents the development of a meter for measuring drilling fluid outflow rates in the return line of a drilling rig. The meter employs a rolling counterbalanced float that rides on the surface of the fluid in the return line. The angle of the float pivot arm is sensed with a pendulum potentiometer, and the height of the float is calculated from this measurement. The float height is closely related to the fluid height and, therefore, the flow rate in the line. The prototype rolling float meter was extensively tested under laboratory conditions in the Wellbore Hydraulics Flow Facility; results from these tests were used in the design of the field prototype rolling float meter. The field prototype meter was tested under actual drilling conditions in August and September 1991 at the Long Valley Exploratory Well near Mammoth Lakes, Ca. In addition, the performance of several other commercially available inflow and outflow meters was evaluated in the field. The tested inflow meters included conventional pump stroke counters, rotary pump speed counters, magnetic flowmeters, and an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. On the return flow line, a standard paddlemeter, an acoustic level meter, and the prototype rolling float meter were evaluated for measuring drilling fluid outflow rates.
Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples during Professor Deryugin cruise 90PD5860 (2000)

Matishov, Gennady G; Zuyev, Aleksey N; Golubev, Valery A; Adrov, Nikolai M; Timofeev, Sergey F; Karamusko, O; Pavlova, L; Fadyakin, O; Buzan, A; Braunstein, A; Moiseev, Denis; Smolyar, I V; Locarnini, Ricardo A; Tatusko, R; Boyer, Timothy P; Levitus, Sydney (2000): Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples during Professor Deryugin cruise 90PD5860 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.825202, In supplement to: Matishov, Gennady G; Makarevich, Pavel R; Timofeev, Sergey F; Kuznetsov, Leonid L; Druzhkov, Nikolay V; Larionov, Viktor V; Golubev, Valery A; Zuyev, Aleksey N; Denisov, V I; Adrov, Nikolai M; Iliyn, G; Kuznetsov, A; Denisenko, Stanislav G; Savinov, Vladimir M; Shavikyn, A; Smolyar, I V; Levitus, Sydney; O'Brien, Todd; Baranova, Olga K (2000): Biological Atlas of the Arctic Seas 2000: Plankton of the Barents and Kara Seas (in english). International Ocean Atlas Series, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russia; Ocean Climate Laboratory, NODC/NOAA, USA, 2, 348 pp, hdl:10013/epic.42580.d025
Design of a non-magnetic high-accuracy linear translator for use in vacuum systems (2005)

A linear translator which employs no bearing lubricant and which can be used inside vacuum systems is described. The translator has been designed to accurately position an electron energy analyser within a new low-energy electron spectrometer, and so is constructed completely from non-magnetic components which are also UHV compatible. The translator uses a novel design combining a two-wedge displacement bearing which drives a translator constrained by a linear bearing. As such, the design is easily modified to provide very high translational accuracy by varying the wedge angle. In the present design, the deviation from linearity as a function of displacement has been determined to be less than ±4 νm mm-1 using laser interferometric techniques. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A partnership with Poland (2004)

This month, Poland will be one of ten accession countries added to the European union (EU). By far the largest country to join, Poland has the biggest nursing workforce. However, a recent review by the European commission identified serious deficiencies in the training and education of Polish nurses with respect to EU standards. Efforts are now underway to raise the level of Polish nursing through political negotiation and bridging courses. Here, community staff nurse Christine Verity, describes a project that aims to build links between nurses here and in Poland
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR‐WIRKUNGS‐BEZIEHUNGEN BEI HISTAMINANALOGA 7. MITT. PYRIDYL‐ UND PIPERIDYLHISTAMINE (1975)

Abstract Durch. Kondensation der Pyridyliminoester (I) mit 1,4‐Dihydroxybutan‐2‐on (II) in flüssigem Ammoniak werden die Hydroxyäthyl‐pyridyl‐imidazole (III) erhalten, aus denen mit Thionylbromid die Bromäthylderivate (IV) entstehen, die sich in flüssigem Ammoniak unter Druck zu den Pyridylhistaminen (V) aminieren lassen.
Scanning near-field optical nanotomography: a new method of multiparametric 3D investigation of nanostructural materials (2016)

A new experimental approach to multiparametric three-dimensional (3D) investigation of a broad class of composite nanostructural materials is developed on the basis of scanning near-field optical nanotomography (SNONT). Using this method, it is possible to simultaneously study the optical properties, 3D morphology, and distribution of the mechanical and electrical properties of the same region of a sample. The proposed method combines features of the confocal and near-field optical microspectroscopy (fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy) with a lateral resolution of up to 50 nm and scanning-probe microscopy. The possibility of studying the volume distribution of optical, morphological, electrical, and mechanical characteristics of a material with nanoscale resolution is related to the probing of sequential layers at a step of up to 20 nm and a total Z-scan depth of up to 3 mm. In particular, the SNONT method has been used to study a liquid-crystalline polymer doped with fluorescent nanocrystals.
Ectopic spinal calcification associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): A quantitative micro‐ct analysis (2019)

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a non-inflammatory spondyloarthropathy identified radiographically by calcification of the ligaments and/or entheses along the anterolateral aspect of the vertebral column. The etiology and pathogenesis of calcifications are unknown, and the diagnosis of DISH is currently based on radiographic criteria associated with advanced disease. To characterize the features of calcifications associated with DISH, we used micro-computed tomographic imaging to evaluate a cohort of 19 human cadaveric vertebral columns. Fifty-three percent of the cohort (n = 10; 3 females, 7 males, mean age of death = 81 years, range 67-94) met the radiographic criteria for DISH, with calcification of four or more contiguous vertebral segments. In almost all cases, the lower thoracic regions (T8-12) were affected by calcifications, consisting primarily of large, horizontal outgrowths of bony material. In contrast, calcifications localized to the upper thoracic regions demonstrated variability in their presentation and were categorized as either "continuous vertical bands" or "discontinuous-patchy" lesions. In addition to the variable morphology of the calcifications, our analysis demonstrated remarkable heterogeneity in the densities of calcifications, ranging from internal components below the density of cortical bone to regions of hyper-dense material that exceeded cortical bone. These findings establish that the current radiographic criteria for DISH capture heterogeneous presentations of ectopic spine calcification that can be differentiated based on morphology and density. These findings may indicate a naturally heterogenous disease, potential stage(s) in the natural progression of DISH, or distinct pathologies of ectopic calcifications. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Synthesis of a Novel Macrocyclic System: 1,3,5-Tri[2.6]pyridacyclohexaphane-2,4,6-trione (1978)

TRI[2,6]PYRIDACYCLOHEXAPHANE-~,~,~-TRIONE Trione (I), which possesses an unusual 6N-electron-rich cavity, has been synthesized and is the first reported member of this heterocyclic class.The structure and chemistry of porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and related compounds have been extensively studied over the past 2 seventy years.Substitution of one or more of the pyrrole subunits by another clectron-rich rinq, such as furan and/or thiophcnc has been 3accomplished; however, the substitution or incorporation of a pyridine rinq has not yet been reported.We herein communicate the syn-
Interaction of reconstituted high density lipoprotein discs containing human apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) variants with murine adipocytes and macrophages. Evidence for reduced cholesterol efflux promotion by apoA-I(Pro165–>Arg). (1993)

Interaction of cells with both native and reconstituted high density lipoproteins (rHDL) containing apolipoprotein (apo) A-I mediates efflux of cellular cholesterol. To characterize structural requirements for this activity in apoA-I, six different genetic apoA-I variants and the corresponding normal allele products were isolated from heterozygous carriers, reconstituted with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) into discoidal HDL and compared with regard to their ability to release intracellular cholesterol from murine adipocytes and peritoneal macrophages. In previous studies we determined the amino acid changes of these variants: Pro3-->Arg, Pro4-->Arg, Lys107-->0, Lys107-->Met, Pro165-->Arg, and Glu198-->Lys (von Eckardstein, A., Funke, H., Walter, M., Altland, K., Benninghoven, A., and Assmann, G. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8610-8617) and demonstrated that all apoA-I variants except apoA-I(Lys107-->0) form discoidal HDL particles with phosphatidylcholine analogues indistinguishable from normal apoA-I (Jonas, A., von Eckardstein, A., Kezdy, K. E., Steinmetz, A., and Assmann, G. (1991) J. Lipid Res. 32, 95-106). In the present study, all apoA-I.DMPC complexes except those containing apoA-I(Pro165-->Arg) promoted cholesterol efflux as effectively as those containing normal apoA-I. Cholesterol efflux from adipocytes obtained after 180 min of incubation with apoA-I(Pro165-->Arg).DMPC complexes was decreased by 30% although this variant was bound to adipocytes with normal affinity. By contrast, apoA-I(Lys107-->Met).DMPC complexes were decreased in their binding affinity compared to normal apoA-I.DMPC complexes but normally promoted cholesterol efflux. Incubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with apoA-I(Pro165-->Arg).DMPC complexes did also result in a 30% decreased efflux of radiolabeled cholesterol if compared to rHDL with the normal allele product from the same donor. Together the observations suggest that the substitution of proline at residue 165 interferes with the formation of a structural domain in apoA-I that is crucial for cellular cholesterol efflux stimulation. Furthermore, our results suggest that binding of HDL to adipocytes and cholesterol efflux promotion by HDL requires different structural domains.
The sniffing bead system, an olfactory dysfunction screening tool for geriatric subjects: A cross-sectional study (2020)

Abstract Background: This study aimed to develop a simple and one-off olfactory screening test, the sniffing bead system, for general clinical use in older adults . Methods: In this cross-sectional study, geriatric subjects (aged &gt; 50 years) who underwent neurocognitive and olfactory function tests were included. Overall, 137 subjects were enrolled, and the study was conducted at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea. Olfactory function was measured by obtaining the scores of the sniffing bead system using 2-phenylethyl alcohol, n-butanol, and the YSK olfactory function test. Time taken for each olfactory function test was also measured. Results: The score of the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead test was 2.58 ± 1.52, which was significantly associated with the YSK_threshold (2.41 ± 1.79) (p &lt; 0.001, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.429), YSK_identification (8.93 ± 3.25) (p = 0.014, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.208) and YSK_threshold-discrimination-identification (17.46 ± 5.49) (p &lt; 0.001, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.316) test scores. In the normal cognitive function group, YSK_threshold ( p &lt; 0.001, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.479 ) , YSK_identification ( p = 0.003, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.316 ), and YSK_threshold-discrimination-identification (p &lt; 0.001, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.429) were significantly correlated with the scores of the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead system. In the impaired cognitive function group, the YSK_threshold (p = 0.002, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.415 ) and YSK_ threshold-discrimination-identification (p = 0.004, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.385 ) were significantly correlated with the scores of the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead system. Time taken for the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead system was 5.00 ± 1.51 min, which was significantly lower than that for the YSK_threshold-discrimination-identification (20.43 ± 5.29 min) (p &lt; 0.001). The scores of the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead system were significantly correlated with those of the n-butanol sniffing bead system (3.50 ± 1.21) (p &lt; 0.001, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.315). Conclusions: This sniffing bead system was specifically designed for screening olfactory function in older adults, and it may allow for the rapid and accurate assessment of olfactory dysfunction.
LITHIUM-CONDUCTING IONIC MELT ELECTROLYTES FROM OLIGOMERIC ETHYLENE GLYCOLS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION (2007)

Commercial lithium ion cells consist of electrolytes that undergo salt concentration polarization which is acute upon high discharge currents. This type of polarization occurs as a result of the mobility of more than one ionic species in the presence of an electric field. One way to overcome it is by employing a material that would allow the mobility of one ionic species. This thesis will describe the synthesis and characterization of several fluorosulfonimide and fluorosulfonate based ionic liquids/melts as electrolytes having lithium as the only mobile ion. These materials were prepared by the nucleophilic addition reaction of a deprotonated polyether onto a perfluorovinyl ether group. Their transport, thermal and rheological properties were studied. Lithium ion cells consisting of LiCO2 cathode and Li4Ti5O12 spinel anode were fabricated and the electrochemical cell performance of the novel electrolytes was investigated under different discharge rates. It was found that the addition of partially fluorinated polyether functionalized with fluorinated lithium imide salt into the cathode composition, and the addition of polyether solvating agent into the electrolyte contributed to improved cell performance in terms of capacity and delivered power.
Efforts estimation of doctors annotating medical image (2019)

Accurate annotation of medical image is the crucial step for image AI clinical application. However, annotating medical image will incur a great deal of annotation effort and expense due to its high complexity and needing experienced doctors. To alleviate annotation cost, some active learning methods are proposed. But such methods just cut the number of annotation candidates and do not study how many efforts the doctor will exactly take, which is not enough since even annotating a small amount of medical data will take a lot of time for the doctor. In this paper, we propose a new criterion to evaluate efforts of doctors annotating medical image. First, by coming active learning and U-shape network, we employ a suggestive annotation strategy to choose the most effective annotation candidates. Then we exploit a fine annotation platform to alleviate annotating efforts on each candidate and first utilize a new criterion to quantitatively calculate the efforts taken by doctors. In our work, we take MR brain tissue segmentation as an example to evaluate the proposed method. Extensive experiments on the well-known IBSR18 dataset and MRBrainS18 Challenge dataset show that, using proposed strategy, state-of-the-art segmentation performance can be achieved by using only 60% annotation candidates and annotation efforts can be alleviated by at least 44%, 44%, 47% on CSF, GM, WM separately.
Adaptive Mutations in Replicase Transmembrane Subunits Can Counteract Inhibition of Equine Arteritis Virus RNA Synthesis by Cyclophilin Inhibitors (2019)

Previously, the cyclophilin inhibitors cyclosporine (CsA) and alisporivir (ALV) were shown to inhibit the replication of diverse RNA viruses, including arteriviruses and coronaviruses, which both belong to the order <i>Nidovirales</i> In this study, we aimed to identify arterivirus proteins involved in the mode of action of cyclophilin inhibitors and to investigate how these compounds inhibit arterivirus RNA synthesis in the infected cell. Repeated passaging of the arterivirus prototype equine arteritis virus (EAV) in the presence of CsA revealed that reduced drug sensitivity is associated with the emergence of adaptive mutations in nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5), one of the transmembrane subunits of the arterivirus replicase polyprotein. Introduction of singular nsp5 mutations (nsp5 Q21R, Y113H, or A134V) led to an ∼2-fold decrease in sensitivity to CsA treatment, whereas combinations of mutations further increased EAV's CsA resistance. The detailed experimental characterization of engineered EAV mutants harboring CsA resistance mutations implicated nsp5 in arterivirus RNA synthesis. Particularly, in an <i>in vitro</i> assay, EAV RNA synthesis was far less sensitive to CsA treatment when nsp5 contained the adaptive mutations mentioned above. Interestingly, for increased sensitivity to the closely related drug ALV, CsA-resistant nsp5 mutants required the incorporation of an additional adaptive mutation, which resided in nsp2 (H114R), another transmembrane subunit of the arterivirus replicase. Our study provides the first evidence for the involvement of nsp2 and nsp5 in the mechanism underlying the inhibition of arterivirus replication by cyclophilin inhibitors.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Currently, no approved treatments are available to combat infections with nidoviruses, a group of positive-stranded RNA viruses, including important zoonotic and veterinary pathogens. Previously, the cyclophilin inhibitors cyclosporine (CsA) and alisporivir (ALV) were shown to inhibit the replication of diverse nidoviruses (both arteriviruses and coronaviruses), and they may thus represent a class of pan-nidovirus inhibitors. In this study, using the arterivirus prototype equine arteritis virus, we have established that resistance to CsA and ALV treatment is associated with adaptive mutations in two transmembrane subunits of the viral replication machinery, nonstructural proteins 2 and 5. This is the first evidence for the involvement of specific replicase subunits of arteriviruses in the mechanism underlying the inhibition of their replication by cyclophilin inhibitors. Understanding this mechanism of action is of major importance to guide future drug design, both for nidoviruses and for other RNA viruses inhibited by these compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF QUINOLINES WITH TRIALKYL PHOSPHATE (1980)

Abstract Die Alkylierung des 4‐Oxochinohat (II) wird untersucht.
A Randomized, Phase II Study with Biomarker Analysis of Panobinostat with or without Rituximab in Relapsed Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (2015)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Novel therapies which consider the molecular diversity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are needed to salvage patients who fail to respond to standard chemoimmunotherapy. The majority of DLBCL contain mutations in histone modifying enzymes (HME) which suggests that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) should be active. Preclinical data suggest that they also augment the effect of rituximab. METHODS: In this randomized phase II study, we evaluated the response rate and toxicity of panobinostat, a pan-HDI, 30 mg orally 3 times a week, with or without rituximab, in 40 patients with relapsed and refractory DLBCL (median 3 prior regimens, range1-9). Tumors were sequenced for mutations known to be associated with DLBCL, and serial biopsies were analyzed for changes in biomarkers. RESULTS: 21 patients were treated with panobinostat alone and 19 with panobinostat and rituximab. Overall, 12/40 patients (30%) responded to panobinostat (95% confidence interval 16.6%-46.5%) the addition of rituximab did not increase responses. The median duration of response was 14.5 months (95% confidence interval 9.4 to not reached) (Figure). At a median follow up of 17.5 months for responders, 6 of 12 patients have not progressed. Patients with dual expression of MYC and BCL2 (6/27) and those with FAS mutations (5/33) did not respond although responses were seen in 5/10 patients with TP53 mutations. Responses were seen in 8/24 patients with mutations in HME genes. Patients with MEF2B mutations had the greatest odds of response (P&lt;0.05) and a higher number of HME mutations tended to increase the odds of response. Changes in histone H3 acetylation and MYC expression were observed but did not correlate with response. CONCLUSION: Panobinostat induces durable responses in some patients with relapsed DLBCL, and accompanying biomarker analyses identified DLBCL subgroups likely to respond. Figure 1. Progression free survival overall and for responders, N=40 patients. Figure 1. Progression free survival overall and for responders, N=40 patients. Disclosures Assouline: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy. Off Label Use: panobinostat for the treatment of diffuse large B cell lymhpoma. Crump:Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Roche Canada: Consultancy. Tosikyan:Novartis: Consultancy.
Development of Photovoltaics in the EU New Member States - 2009 (2010)

Development of PV technology in the twelve European Union New Member States (NMS) that joined the European Union after 2004 is crucial considering the EU target to raise the share of renewable energy sources in a total energy mix up to 20% by 2020. Data collected through the cooperation of over twelve national institutes and research centers from NMS, furnished, for the 7th time, the report on the status of PV in the new EU member states. It shows diversity of PV NMS markets, conditioned by original energy market profile, territory’s irradiation, legal order, administrative procedures and investment support mechanisms.
Improving the Process of Inclusive Education in Children with ASD in Mainstream Schools (2012)

This article is part of a competitive research project that examines factors promoting the inclusion of students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in mainstream schools. We review a number of publications that make reference to strategies which facilitate the inclusive education of children with ASD in mainstream schools. These publications outline several factors that appear to help the inclusion process for children with ASD in mainstream schools. Several of these factors can be described as being associated with preparing the child with ASD in a pedagogical sense while another set of factors of potential importance is concerned with aspects of individual schools themselves