gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIORATIONAL CHEMICAL EVALUATIONS FOR CONTROL OF JAPANESE BEETLE ON GRAPES, 1999 (2000)

GRAPES, 1999: Treatments were evaluated for efficacy against the Japanese beetle in an experimental 'Concord' vineyard at Wooster, Ohio.Plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 5 replications per treatment in a randomized block design.Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gpa (935 liter/ha) on 12 Jul.A hand-held CO 2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm 2 ) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle was used to apply treatments.No phytotoxicity was observed in these studies.Sevin XLR was included as a standard in this biorational study for comparison purposes.On 0, 1 and 4 days after treatment a reading was taken of the number of live beetles within the grape canopy.
Small signal RF performance of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (2002)

Small signal RF characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN HBT are presented. The devices had a short circuit current gain cutoff frequency of 2 GHz. The roll off of the short-circuit current gain (H21) of the device was less than 20 dB/decade. We propose that this is due to the distributed nature of the base-collector parasitic resistance-capacitance network caused by a high sheet resistance in the base (100 kΩ/□) and high base contact resistances. Finite element small signal equivalent circuit simulations support this explanation.
Formation of radiophotoluminescence centers at room temperature in Ag-doped alkali halides (2019)

Abstract Radiophotoluminescence (RPL) is an emission phenomenon resulting from the light excitation of RPL centers formed by hole and electron transfer upon irradiation with γ - or X-rays. The RPL intensity is proportional to the absorption dose, and therefore, RPL is applied in dosimetry. Many materials showing RPL have been investigated. Amongst them, Ag-doped alkali halides are the earliest known compounds with RPL, but the mechanism underlying RPL center formation has not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the RPL center formation in Ag-doped alkali halides by combining fluorescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. An emission peak attributed to Ag 0 and an ESR signal attributed to the holes trapped at the Cl − sites were observed in the spectrum of the irradiated Ag-doped NaCl sample. Therefore, we suggest that in Ag-doped NaCl, electrons are trapped at the Ag + sites and form Ag 0 , while holes are trapped at the localization centers of Cl − and are expected to form V K centers. Conversely, an emission peak attributed to Ag 0 was observed in the spectrum of the irradiated Ag-doped KCl sample. In addition, ESR signals related to Ag 0 and Ag 2+ were observed in the spectrum of the non-irradiated Ag-doped KCl sample. These results suggest that electrons and holes are trapped at the Ag + sites to form Ag 0 and Ag 2+ .
Decontamination of soil containing plutonium and americium (1982)

A primary process has been developed to reduce the volume of soil contaminated with plutonium and americium. The process consists of wet screening methods which reduce the volume of contaminated soil by approximately 65%. Investigations of secondary and tertiary processes were initiated. The processes consist of attrition scrubbing and wet screening with various dispersing agents, and calcination. The attrition scrubbing-screening yields additional soil volume reduction. Final volume reduction was obtained by calcining the contaminated fraction of the processed soil.
A synthetic pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in vitro (2016)

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is an important carbon feedstock for a future green economy. This requires the development of efficient strategies for its conversion into multicarbon compounds. We describe a synthetic cycle for the continuous fixation of CO<sub>2</sub> in vitro. The crotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA (CETCH) cycle is a reaction network of 17 enzymes that converts CO<sub>2</sub> into organic molecules at a rate of 5 nanomoles of CO<sub>2</sub> per minute per milligram of protein. The CETCH cycle was drafted by metabolic retrosynthesis, established with enzymes originating from nine different organisms of all three domains of life, and optimized in several rounds by enzyme engineering and metabolic proofreading. The CETCH cycle adds a seventh, synthetic alternative to the six naturally evolved CO<sub>2</sub> fixation pathways, thereby opening the way for in vitro and in vivo applications.
The effect of trunk flexion angle on lower limb mechanics during running (2021)

Trunk flexion is an understudied biomechanical variable that potentially influences running performance and susceptibility to injury. We present and test a theoretical model relating trunk flexion angle to stride parameters, joint moments and ground reaction forces that have been implicated in repetitive stress injuries. Twenty-three participants (12 male, 11 female) ran at preferred trunk flexion and three more flexed trunk positions (moderate, intermediate and high) on a custom built Bertec™ instrumented treadmill while kinematic and kinetic data were simultaneously captured. Markers adhered to bony landmarks tracked the movement of the trunk and lower limb. Stride parameters, moments of force and ground reaction force were calculated using Visual 3D (C-Motion ©) software. From preferred to high trunk flexion, stride length decreased 6% (P < 0.001) and stride frequency increased 7% (P < 0.001). Extensor moments at the hip increased 70% (P < 0.001), but knee extensor (P < 0.001) and ankle plantarflexor moments (P < 0.001) decreased 22% and 14%, respectively. Greater trunk flexion increased rate of loading by 29% (P < 0.01) and vertical ground reaction force impact transients by 20% (P < 0.01). Trunk flexion angle during running has significant effects on stride kinematics, lower extremity joint moments and ground reaction force and should be further investigated in relation to running performance and repetitive stress injuries.
Understanding MHC Class I Presentation of Viral Antigens by Human Dendritic Cells as a Basis for Rational Design of Therapeutic Vaccines (2014)

Effective viral clearance requires the induction of virus-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Since dendritic cells (DC) have a central role in initiating and shaping virus-specific CTL responses, it is important to understand how DC initiate virus-specific CTL responses. Some viruses can directly infect DC, which theoretically allow direct presentation of viral antigens to CTL, but many viruses target other cells than DC and thus the host depends on the cross-presentation of viral antigens by DC to activate virus-specific CTL. Research in mouse models has highly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cross-presentation and the dendritic cells (DC) subsets involved, however, these results cannot be readily translated toward the role of human DC in MHC class I-antigen presentation of human viruses. Here, we summarize the insights gained in the past 20 years on MHC class I presentation of viral antigen by human DC and add to the current debate on the capacities of different human DC subsets herein. Furthermore, possible sources of viral antigens and essential DC characteristics for effective induction of virus-specific CTL are evaluated. We conclude that cross-presentation is not only an efficient mechanism exploited by DC to initiate immunity to viruses that do not infect DC but also to viruses that do infect DC, because cross-presentation has many conceptual advantages and bypasses direct immune modulatory effects of the virus on its infected target cells. Since knowledge on the mechanism of viral antigen presentation and the preferred DC subsets is crucial for rational vaccine design, the obtained insights are very instrumental for the development of effective anti-viral immunotherapy.
Enhanced catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen using a 3D structured catalyst with MnO2 nanosheets on carbon microfibers (2021)

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is an effective approach to degrade refractory organic pollutants in water. However, ozonation catalysts with combined merits of high activity, good reusability and low cost for practical industrial applications are still rare. This study aims to develop an efficient, stable and economic ozonation catalyst for the degradation of Ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound frequently detected as a refractory pollutant in treated wastewaters. The novel three-dimensional network-structured catalyst, comprising of δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets grown on woven carbon microfibers (MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets/carbon microfiber), was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach. Catalytic ozonation performance of Ibuprofen removal in water using the new catalyst proves a significant enhancement, where Ibuprofen removal efficiency of close to 90% was achieved with a catalyst loading of 1% (w/v). In contrast, conventional ozonation was only able to achieve 65% removal efficiency under the same operating condition. The enhanced performance with the new catalyst could be attributed to its significantly increased available surface active sites and improved mass transfer of reaction media, as a result of the special surface and structure properties of this new three-dimensional network-structured catalyst. Moreover, the new catalyst displays excellent stability and reusability for ibuprofen degradation over successive reaction cycles. The facile synthesis method and low-cost materials render the new catalyst high potential for industrial scaling up. With the combined advantages of high efficiency, high stability, and low cost, this study sheds new light for industrial applications of ozonation catalysts.
Regional and developmental characteristics of human embryo mosaicism revealed by single cell sequencing (2022)

Chromosomal mosaicism is common throughout human pre- and post-implantation development. However, the incidence and characteristics of mosaicism in human blastocyst remain unclear. Concerns and confusions still exist regarding the interpretation of chromosomal mosaicism on preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) results and embryo development. Here, we aimed to estimate the genetic concordance between trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM) and the corresponding human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and to explore the characteristics of mosaicism in human blastocyst and hESCs on a single cell level. The single cell sequencing results of TE cells indicated that 65.71% of the blastocysts were mosaic (23 in 35 embryos), while the ICM sequencing results suggested that 60.00% of the blastocysts were mosaic (9 in 15 embryos). The incidence of mosaicism for the corresponding hESCs was 33.33% (2 in 6 embryos). No significant difference was observed between the mosaic rate of TE and that of ICM. However, the mosaic rate of the corresponding hESCs was significantly lower than that of TE and ICM cells, suggesting that the incidence of mosaicism may decline during embryonic development. Upon single cell sequencing, we found several "complementary" copy number variations (CNVs) that were usually not revealed in clinical PGT-A which used multi-cell DNA sequencing (or array analysis). This indicates the potential diagnostic risk of PGT-A based multi-cell analysis routinely in clinical practice. This study provided new insights into the characteristics, and considerable influences, of mosaicism on human embryo development, as well as the clinical risks of PGT-A based on multi-cell biopsies and bulk DNA assays.
Guía de la EAU para el Cáncer de Próstata (2009)

Objetivos: Presentar un resumen de la versión del 2007 de la guía de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU) para el cáncer de próstata (CaP). Métodos: Se realizó por un grupo de trabajo una revisión de los nuevos datos presentes desde 2004 hasta 2007 en la literatura. Las guías han sido actualizadas y el nivel de evidencia/grado de recomendación ha sido añadido al texto basándose en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, que incluía una búsqueda de las bases de datos online y revisiones bibliográficas. Resultados: Una versión completa está disponible en la EAU Office o en www.uroweb.org. El método diagnóstico de elección es la biopsia sistematizada de la próstata bajo control ecográfico. El tratamiento activo es el recomendado en la mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad localizada y una larga esperanza de vida, siendo la prostatectomía radical superior a la vigilancia ("watchful waiting") en un ensayo randomizado prospectivo. La prostatectomía radical con preservación de bandeletas es la técnica de elección en la enfermedad órgano-confinada; el bloqueo androgénico neoadyuvante no ha demostrado una mejoría en las variables de resultados. La radioterapia debe realizarse con al menos 72 Gy en el CaP de bajo riesgo y con 78 Gy en el de intermedio - alto riesgo. El bloqueo androgénico en monoterapia es el estándar del tratamiento en el CaP metastásico; el bloqueo androgénico intermitente podría ser un tratamiento alternativo en pacientes seleccionados. El seguimiento se basa principalmente en los niveles de PSA y en la anamnesis específica de la enfermedad, estando las pruebas de imagen sólo indicadas cuando aparecen los síntomas. La quimioterapia con docetaxel ha surgido como el tratamiento de referencia para el CaP metastásico hormonorefractario. Conclusiones: El conocimiento en el campo del CaP está rápidamente cambiando. Estas guías de la EAU resumen los hallazgos más recientes y los aplican a la práctica clínica.
Tietomallit rakennusten turvallisuuden varmistamisessa : Hankkeen yhteenvetoraportti (2019)

Keväällä 2018 käynnistettiin Tietomallit rakennusten turvallisuuden varmistamisessa –kokeiluhanke, joka toteutettiin osana hallituksen KIRA-digi kärkihanketta. Hankkeen toteuttivat yhteistyössä Saimaan ammattikorkeakoulu, Etelä-Karjalan pelastuslaitos ja Lappeenrannan kaupunki/Lappeenrannan Toimitilat Oy. Hankkeen aktiivinen toteutus työpajoineen ja tilaisuuksineen ajoittui vuoden 2018 elokuun alusta vuoden loppuun. Hankkeen keskeisenä tavoitteena oli mahdollistaa rakennusten suunnittelun yhteydessä luotujen tietomallien saaminen toimivien ja riittävän kevyiden työkalujen avulla käytettäväksi pelastusviranomaisten jokapäiväisessä työssä. Tavoitteena oli myös, että tuloksia hyödynnettäisiin Yleiset tietomallivaatimukset 2012-julkaisusarjan päivityksessä niin, että turvallisuusnäkökulma huomioitaisiin tietomallien ominaisuustietojen määrittelyissä. Tässä julkaisussa esitellään kokeiluhankkeen keskeisimmät tulokset, päätelmät ja ehdotukset jatkotoimiksi tietomallien hyödyntämisessä rakennusten turvallisuuden varmistamisessa. Konkreettisina tuloksina hankkeessa tuotettiin pelastustoimen ja tilaajan prosessikuvaukset, rakennuksen tietomallien sisältövaatimustaulukoiden päivitys turvallisuuden näkökulmasta, turvallisuusnäkökohdat huomioon ottavat IFC- kohdekorttimalli ja IFC-yhdistelmämalli, malliohjelmien vertailu ja käytettävyyden tarkastelu sekä ohjelmien kehitystarpeiden määrittely. Hanke osoitti, että rakennusten tietomalleja voidaan hyödyntää laajasti rakennusten turvallisuuden varmistamisessa pelastustoimen näkökulmasta. Tietomallien laaja-alainen hyödyntäminen kannattaa aloittaa rakennuslupavaiheen viranomaisohjauksessa ja laajentaa niiden käyttöä rakennushankkeen aikana tapahtuvaan pelastustoimen viranomaisvalvontaan. Tietomallien käyttö onnettomuustilanteissa on myös mahdollista, mutta se edellyttää käytettävien tietomallisovellusten, mobiililaitteiden ja virtuaaliympäristöjen jatkokehitystä. Jatkossa on saatava käyttöön myös inframallit ja kaupunkimallit. Tulevissa kokeiluissa kannattaa keskittyä entistä enemmän konkreettisten tietomallien käyttötapausten testaukseen. Hankkeen tulokset antavat hyvän pohjan kehittää tietomallien käyttöä rakennusten ja rakennetun ympäristön turvallisuuden varmistamisessa paikallisella, kansallisella ja kansainvälisellä tasolla. Hankkeen pohjalta kannattaa toteuttaa konkreettinen kansallisen tason jatkokehityshanke, johon osallistuisi mahdollisimman moni alueellinen pelastuslaitos. Hankkeen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää myös kansallisten Yleisten tietomallivaatimusten päivitystyössä niin, että tulevaisuudessa ne ottavat paremmin huomioon myös rakennusten turvallisuusnäkökohdat.
Virtual Reality “exergames”: A promising countermeasure to improve motivation and restorative effects during long duration spaceflight missions (2022)

Long duration spaceflight missions will require novel exercise systems to protect astronaut crew from the detrimental effects of microgravity exposure. The SPRINT protocol is a novel and promising exercise prescription that combines aerobic and resistive training using a flywheel device, and it was successfully employed in a 70-day bed-rest study as well as onboard the International Space Station. Our team created a VR simulation to further augment the SPRINT protocol when using a flywheel ergometer training device (the Multi-Mode Exercise Device or M-MED). The simulation aspired to maximal realism in a virtual river setting while providing real-time biometric feedback on heart rate performance to subjects. In this pilot study, five healthy, male, physically-active subjects aged 35 ± 9.0 years old underwent 2 weeks of SPRINT protocol, either with or without the VR simulation. After a 1-month washout period, subjects returned for a subsequent 2 weeks in the opposite VR condition. We measured physiological and cognitive variables of stress, performance, and well-being. While physiological effects did not suggest much difference with the VR condition over 2 weeks, metrics of motivation, affect, and mood restoration showed detectable differences, or trended toward more positive outcomes than exercise without VR. These results provide evidence that a well-designed VR "exergaming" simulation with biometric feedback could be a beneficial addition to exercise prescriptions, especially if users are exposed to isolation and confinement.
Relative tachycardia in patients with sepsis: an independent risk factor for mortality (2007)

Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that some patients with sepsis experience an excess activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to a fatal outcome.
Triterpene Saponins fromCyclamen trocopteranthum (2010)

Two new triterpene saponins ( 1- 2) together with three known saponins, deglucocyclamin I ( 3), cyclamin ( 4), and mirabilin ( 5), were isolated from the tubers of Cyclamen trocopteranthum. They were elucidated as 3 beta- O-{4- O-[3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl]- beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[ beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16 alpha-hydroxy-13 beta,28-epoxy-oleanan-30-al ( 1) and 3 beta- O-{4- O-[3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl]- beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[ beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[ beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16 alpha-hydroxy-20,30-lactone-olean-12-ene ( 2). Their structures were characterized mainly by a combination of 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques ( (1)H- (1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectroscopy. Saponins 1, 3, and 4 showed a weak cytotoxic activity when tested against HT-29 and HCT 116 tumor colon cancer cells.
Application and Limitations of X‐ray Crystallographic Data in Structure‐Based Ligand and Drug Design (2003)

Structure-based design usually focuses upon the optimization of ligand affinity. However, successful drug design also requires the optimization of many other properties. The primary source of structural information for protein-ligand complexes is X-ray crystallography. The uncertainties introduced during the derivation of an atomic model from the experimentally observed electron density data are not always appreciated. Uncertainties in the atomic model can have significant consequences when this model is subsequently used as the basis of manual design, docking, scoring, and virtual screening efforts. Docking and scoring algorithms are currently imperfect. A good correlation between observed and calculated binding affinities is usually only observed only when very large ranges of affinity are considered. Errors in the correlation often exceed the range of affinities commonly encountered during lead optimization. Some structure-based design approaches now involve screening libraries by using technologies based on NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography to discover small polar templates, which are used for further optimization. Such compounds are defined as leadlike and are also sought by more traditional high-throughput screening technologies. Structure-based design and HTS technologies show important complementarity and a degree of convergence.
Identification of breast cancer margins using intraoperative near‐infrared imaging (2016)

Systemic ICG reliably accumulates in breast cancers in murine models as well as human breast cancer. While NIR imaging is helpful for detection of retained tumor margins in our animal model, intraoperative imaging for precise margin detection will need further refinement before clinical value can be obtained. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:508-514. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SSR markers based DNA fingerprinting and it’s utility in testing purity of eggplant hybrid seeds (2015)

Conventionally, the genetic identity and purity of seeds is assessed by field plot test. However, field plot test method is time consuming, requires large area of land and involves skilled personnel often making subjective decisions. These limitations and the environmental dependency of the entire procedure can be overcome effectively by employing DNA fingerprinting technology. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that could be used to test the genetic identity and purity of six brinjal hybrids and their respective parental lines based on generated DNA fingerprint. In the present study, four markers were found to be polymorphic between parental lines of four respective hybrids (viz. PH-5, PH-9, NDBHL-20 and Kashi Komal) and were found to be suitable for ensuring the genetic identity and purity of these hybrids. Among the identified markers, a set of three markers (emg01B17, emd05F05 and CSM31) could be used for ensuring the identity of the hybrids. Utility of SSR marker based DNA fingerprinting in ensuring the seed purity has been further demonstrated in comparison with that of field plot test.