gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TangleCV (2019)

Connected vehicles are designed to make informed safety-related decisions based on data/information they receive from various on-board sensors and other vehicles in the vicinity. However, attacks directed towards on-board sensors and network attacks on the wireless communication channels can adversely impact the correctness and integrity of this information and present a grave security and safety challenge to connected vehicles. Current centralized security solutions are not a good fit as they do not scale well and are unable to validate the correctness of the shared data. Decentralizing security provisioning in connected vehicles by means of the upcoming blockchain technology is an interesting alternative for overcoming these limitations. However, current permission-less linear hash-chain based blockchain solutions have low transaction throughput, high computational cost and are resource intensive, thereby making their adoption for designing a security solution for resource constrained connected cars difficult. In this paper, we present TangleCV, a decentralized technique for secure message sharing and recording for connected vehicles using an approach like Tangle, a directed acyclic graph based blockchain architecture. We introduce an initial design of TangleCV and describe how it provides improved efficiency and scalability against information correctness and information integrity attacks in connected vehicle networks.
Use of thermal cycling to reduce adhesion of OTS coated coated MEMS cantilevers (2003)

&deg;Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have enormous potential to contribute in diverse fields such as automotive, health care, aerospace, consumer products, and biotechnology, but successful commercial applications of MEMS are still small in number. Reliability of MEMS is a major impediment to the commercialization of laboratory prototypes. Due to the multitude of MEMS applications and the numerous processing and packaging steps, MEMS are exposed to a variety of environmental conditions, making the prediction of operational reliability difficult. In this paper, we investigate the effects of operating temperature on the in-use adhesive failure of electrostatically actuated MEMS microcantilevers coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) films. The cantilevers are subjected to repeated temperature cycles and electrostatically actuated at temperatures between 25&deg;C and 300&deg;C in ambient air. The experimental results indicate that temperature cycling of the OTS coated cantilevers in air reduces the sticking probability of the microcantilevers. The sticking probability of OTS coated cantilevers was highest during heating, which decreased during cooling, and was lowest during reheating. Modifications to the OTS release method to increase its yield are also discussed.
Effect of Microstructure and Impurity Content on Microcrack Initiation and Extension Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys (1989)

Effect of microstructure, impurity content and testing temperature on crack initiation (δi) and crack extension (slope of R curve) properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys was examined. δi values and R curves were obtained by accurate measurement of microcrack length at a notch tip of unloaded specimens. At 0°C, microcracks of 10 -1 800μm in length preceded unstable fracture at a notch tip irrespective of microstructures examined. Specimens with a variety of microstructures had almost the same δi values, but showed a remarkable defference in the slope of R curves. A specimen with acicular microstructure, which have a higher fracture toughness (δc) at a given strength, showed a greater crack extension resistance than one with equiaxed microstructure. At -196°C, little difference in the crack initiation was obtained among the specimens with different kinds of microstructures and differnce in the crack extension resistance was also greatly reduced. But specimens with lower impurity contents, ELI grade, which had a higher δc, showed a greater crack extension resistance than specimens with standard impurity contents. It is concluded that the difference in fracture toughness at a given strength for Ti-6Al-4V alloy was largely dependent on crack extension resistance of microcracks preceding unstable fracture rather than crack initiation property.
Fractionation of Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes in Biosynthetic Processes (2001)

Research Article| January 01, 2001 Fractionation of Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes in Biosynthetic Processes* John M. Hayes John M. Hayes National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility and Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information John M. Hayes National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility and Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2001) 43 (1): 225–277. https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.43.1.225 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation John M. Hayes; Fractionation of Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes in Biosynthetic Processes. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2001;; 43 (1): 225–277. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.43.1.225 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search This review is concerned with the isotopic relationships between organic compounds produced by a single organism, specifically their enrichments or depletions in 13C relative to total-biomass carbon. These relationships are biogeochemically significant because My approach is pedagogic. The coverage is meant to be thorough, but the emphases and presentation have been chosen for readers approaching this subject as students rather than as research specialists. In common with the geochemists in my classes, many readers of this paper may not be very familiar with biochemistry and microbiology. I have not tried to explain every concept from those subjects and I... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Direct detection of evanescent electromagnetic waves at a planar dielectric surface by laser atomic spectroscopy (1997)

The penetration depth and pseudomomentum (wave vector) of evanescent electromagnetic waves are measured at a planar dielectric surface by means of laser spectroscopy using the Cs ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ line with a wavelength of 852.1 nm. The same experimental setup is employed in all the experiments. The first result shows a sharp, asymmetric absorption profile, which is explained in terms of the thin penetration depth, and the second shows an actual transfer of the pseudomomentum of the surface electromagnetic mode to atoms via a resonance interaction. The measured penetration depth and pseudomomentum agree with the natural interpretation of the complex wave number characterizing evanescent waves at a planar dielectric-vapor interface. Direct excitation of evanescent waves by excited Cs atoms has also been observed as atomic fluorescence emitted into the dielectric material at the angle of total internal reflection. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and exhibit the characteristics of excitation transfer or tunneling from Cs atoms into the surface mode.
IgM anti-ACE2 autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 activate complement and perturb vascular endothelial function (2022)

BackgroundSome clinical features of severe COVID-19 represent blood vessel damage induced by activation of host immune responses initiated by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized autoantibodies against angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor expressed on vascular endothelium, are generated during COVID-19 and are of mechanistic importance.MethodsIn an opportunity sample of 118 COVID-19 inpatients, autoantibodies recognizing ACE2 were detected by ELISA. Binding properties of anti-ACE2 IgM were analyzed via biolayer interferometry. Effects of anti-ACE2 IgM on complement activation and endothelial function were demonstrated in a tissue-engineered pulmonary microvessel model.ResultsAnti-ACE2 IgM (not IgG) autoantibodies were associated with severe COVID-19 and found in 18/66 (27.2%) patients with severe disease compared with 2/52 (3.8%) of patients with moderate disease (OR 9.38, 95% CI 2.38-42.0; P = 0.0009). Anti-ACE2 IgM autoantibodies were rare (2/50) in non-COVID-19 ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Unexpectedly, ACE2-reactive IgM autoantibodies in COVID-19 did not undergo class-switching to IgG and had apparent KD values of 5.6-21.7 nM, indicating they are T cell independent. Anti-ACE2 IgMs activated complement and initiated complement-binding and functional changes in endothelial cells in microvessels, suggesting they contribute to the angiocentric pathology of COVID-19.ConclusionWe identify anti-ACE2 IgM as a mechanism-based biomarker strongly associated with severe clinical outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has therapeutic implications.FUNDINGBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Gates Philanthropy Partners, Donald B. and Dorothy L. Stabler Foundation, and Jerome L. Greene Foundation; NIH R01 AR073208, R01 AR069569, Institutional Research and Academic Career Development Award (5K12GM123914-03), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R21HL145216, and Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE1746891).
Molten-Salt Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report: October 1957 (1958)

Report issued by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory discussing quarterly progress made by the Molten-Salt Reactor Program. Descriptions of the progress and studies conducted is presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Color opponency with a single kind of bistable opsin in the zebrafish pineal organ (2018)

Lower vertebrate pineal organs discriminate UV and visible light. Such color discrimination is typically considered to arise from antagonism between two or more spectrally distinct opsins, as, e.g., human cone-based color vision relies on antagonistic relationships between signals produced by red-, green-, and blue-cone opsins. Photosensitive pineal organs contain a bistable opsin (parapinopsin) that forms a signaling-active photoproduct upon UV exposure that may itself be returned to the signaling-inactive "dark" state by longer-wavelength light. Here we show the spectrally distinct parapinopsin states (with antagonistic impacts on signaling) allow this opsin alone to provide the color sensitivity of this organ. By using calcium imaging, we show that single zebrafish pineal photoreceptors held under a background light show responses of opposite signs to UV and visible light. Both such responses are deficient in zebrafish lacking parapinopsin. Expressing a UV-sensitive cone opsin in place of parapinopsin recovers UV responses but not color opponency. Changes in the spectral composition of white light toward enhanced UV or visible wavelengths respectively increased vs. decreased calcium signal in parapinopsin-sufficient but not parapinopsin-deficient photoreceptors. These data reveal color opponency from a single kind of bistable opsin establishing an equilibrium-like mixture of the two states with different signaling abilities whose fractional concentrations are defined by the spectral composition of incident light. As vertebrate visual color opsins evolved from a bistable opsin, these findings suggest that color opponency involving a single kind of bistable opsin might have been a prototype of vertebrate color opponency.
Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Single Intramuscular Doses of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Pethidine for Post-Operative Analgesia (1990)

The analgesic efficacy and safety of single doses of 10 mg and 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine and 100 mg pethidine were evaluated in a double-blind, parallel-group study. The drugs were administered intramuscularly to patients experiencing moderate, severe or very severe pain immediately following major abdominal surgery. A total of 129 patients were randomly assigned to receive either active drug (n = 32 for each treatment group) or placebo (n = 33), and the patients assessed pain intensity and pain relief on a visual analogue scale at regular intervals over the following 8 h. During the first 2 h, pethidine had a more rapid onset of action than ketorolac or placebo, and thereafter 100 mg pethidine and 30 mg ketorolac were equally effective. Ketorolac, at a dose of 10 or 30 mg, and 100 mg pethidine were clinically and statistically more effective than placebo, with 30 mg ketorolac having a similar efficacy to 100 mg pethidine over the 8-h study period and 10 mg ketorolac being slightly less effective than 30 mg ketorolac. No serious adverse events were reported.
Hierarchical cache/bus architecture for shared memory multiprocessors (1987)

A new, large scale multiprocessor architecture is presented in this paper. The architecture consists of hierarchies of shared buses and caches. Extended versions of shared bus multicache coherency protocols are used to maintain coherency among all caches in the system. After explaining the basic operation of the strict hierarchical approach, a clustered system is introduced which distributes the memory among groups of processors. Results of simulations are presented which demonstrate that the additional coherency protocol overhead introduced by the clustered approach is small. The simulations also show that a 128 processor multiprocessor can be constructed using this architecture which will achieve a substantial fraction of its peak performance. Finally, an analytic model is used to explore systems too large to simulate (with available hardware). The model indicates that a system of over 1000 usable MIPS can be constructed using high performance microprocessors.
An autophosphorylating but not transphosphorylating activity is associated with the unique N terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (1992)

We report on a protein kinase function encoded by the unique N terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (R1). R1 expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited autophosphorylation activity in a reaction which depended on the presence of the unique N terminus. When the N terminus was separately expressed in E. coli and partially purified, a similar autophosphorylation reaction was observed. Importantly, transphosphorylation of histones and of proteins in HSV-1-infected cell extracts was also observed with purified R1 and with truncated R1 mutants in which most of the N terminus was deleted. Ion-exchange chromatography was used to separate the autophosphorylating activity of the N terminus from the transphosphorylating activity of an E. coli contaminant protein kinase. We propose a putative function for this activity of the HSV-1 R1 N terminus during the immediate-early phase of virus replication.
Enhancement of the low‐voltage efficiency in zinc‐gallate phosphors by oxygen vacancy (1998)

Abstract— ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn powder phosphors were synthesized by a conventional combustion method. Synthesis conditions such as heat‐treatment temperature, heat‐treatment time, reduction conditions, and activator concentrations were optimized to obtain the maximum intensity of photoluminescence (PL). Then, ZnGa 2 O 4 Mn powder phosphors were mixed with metal oxides WO 3 or V 2 O 5 , which may modify the surface properties of the phosphors. It was observed that the cathodoluminescence of the phosphor screen was increased up to 20% compared to untreated phosphors. Possible mechanisms are discussed based on the electron‐transport phenomena in the phosphor. Also, a method to enhance the low‐voltage efficiency of ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn phosphors will be proposed based on the aforementioned mechanism.
Scheimpflug Densitometry in Keratoconus: A New Method of Visualizing the Cone (2020)

The densitometry mark seems to correspond with the zone most affected by KC and could be a supplementary tool for documenting KC stage, alongside conventional parameters. Further studies are required to ascertain whether it could prove useful in KC detection, to determine progression, and to relate it to corneal biomechanical behavior.
Incorporating process knowledge into object recognition for assemblies (2002)

In this paper we present an object recognition framework integrating several recognition paradigms and context information from the scene history to recognize elementary parts contained in assemblies. We use a symbolic approach to detect actions based on the object changes in the scene to monitor the construction process. The information about the elements used to construct a new assembly serves as additional source of information for recognition. Process knowledge is exploited also for selecting the best interpretation out of several alternatives for a single scene which result from contradictions and uncertainties during integration of the different cues.
CYP2D6 worldwide genetic variation shows high frequency of altered activity variants and no continental structure (2007)

Our study shows that (i) CYP2D6 diversity is far greater within than between populations and groups thereof, (ii) null or low-activity variants occur at high frequencies in various areas of the world, (iii) linkage disequilibrium is lowest in Africa and highest in the Americas. Patterns of variation, within and among populations, are similar to those observed for other autosomal markers (e.g. microsatellites and protein polymorphisms), suggesting that the diversity observed at the CYP2D6 locus reflects the same factors affecting variation at random genome markers.
New design method for low-loss Y-branch waveguides (2001)

We propose a new method to design low-loss Y-branch waveguides. In conventional design methods, a specific geometry of branching structure is given first, and then structural parameters describing the details of the proposed geometry (for example, location, sizes, and refractive index of microprisms or phase-adjusting elements) are determined by ray optics or other means. In this paper, we take quite a different approach. Given a complex field distribution, one complex refractive index distribution that supports it is determined uniquely, according to the scalar Helmholtz equation. Using this relation, we first make up an ideal field distribution for dividing optical waves smoothly in the branching region. Next, we calculate the refractive index distribution corresponding to the ideal field. Finally, the imaginary part of the refractive index is set to be zero and its real part is discretized into three levels from the practical viewpoint. Numerical simulations show that the present design method offers extremely low-loss Y-branch waveguides.
Effect of Microwave Curing to the Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar (2016)

With the advancement of technology and the economic crisis in Malaysia, has been promoting the development of infrastructure in the use of new structural materials but overall is unsatisfactory in terms of cost savings. One of the alternatives that can be used is to use fly ash as a cement replacement in manufacturing mortar. Replacement of cement with geopolymerization mortar can reduce manufacturing costs and could reduce global warming arising from the production of cement for the production of Portland cement for the release of CO 2 into the atmosphere, where CO 2 gas gives the largest contribution to global warming . The study will be focused on the effect of microwave curing with various durations and temperature to the mechanical and physical properties of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. For the conventional heating technique, heat is distributed in the specimen from the exterior to the interior leading to the non-uniform and long heating period to attain the required temperature. Application of microwave to the fresh concrete results in removal of water, collapse of capillary pore and densification of sample. Heat curing has been applied to construction materials especially for the precast concrete to improve the strength development process. This concrete attains sufficient strength in short curing time, so the molds can be reused, and the final products can be rapidly delivered to the site. The effect of curing temperature together with their aging days of the cured product will also be investigated. Mechanical properties of the product will be tested using compressive test, and density of the samples.
The antigenic structure of the acetylcholine receptor from torpedo californica (1982)

The immunological structure of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from the electric organ of Torpedo californica was studied using a large number of monoclonal antibodies which were initially selected for their abilities to bind to intact AChRs. The monoclonal antibodies were tested for their ability to bind to denatured AChR subunits labeled with 125I. Antibodies derived from rats immunized with individual denatured subunits or a mixture of subunits of Torpedo AChR reacted well in the assay. A much smaller proportion of antibodies derived from rats immunized with native Torpedo AChR or native AChR from Electrophorus electricus electric organ, bovine muscle, or human muscle reacted with denatured subunits of Torpedo AChR. Many monoclonal antibodies reacted with more than one subunit, but they always reacted best with the subunit used for immunization. Those monoclonal antibodies that bound to intact subunits were mapped more precisely by their ability to bind characteristic fragments of each subunit generated by proteolysis with Staphylococcal V8 protease. These fragments were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and monoclonal antibodies that precipitated the same fragment pattern were placed in groups. By this method, we define a minimum of 28 determinants on Torpedo AChR.
Digital Phased Arrays: Challenges and Opportunities (2016)

Digital beamforming (DBF) has long been heralded as the next frontier in phased array technology, and not without reason. The digitization of transmit and receive signals at the element level opens the door to new processing and beamforming schemes and promises to deliver maximum flexibility and unprecedented dynamic range in large systems. However, it is not without inherent technological risks and practical challenges associated with the amount of data to process and the use of less sophisticated transceivers. This paper provides broad overviews of several interrelated aspects of the resulting DBF trade spaces for these systems. In particular, emerging concepts are highlighted for the roles and interconnection of distributed beamforming/processing for fixed and adaptive beamforming. These are then related to digital array calibration mechanisms that can potentially reduce the need for data- and processing-intensive beamforming algorithms.
A performance evaluation of biometric identification devices (1990)

A biometric identification device is an automatic device that can verify a person's identity from a measurement of a physical feature or repeatable action of the individual. A reference measurement of the biometric is obtained when the individual is enrolled on the device. Subsequent verifications are made by comparing the submitted biometric feature against the reference sample. Sandia Laboratories has been evaluating the relative performance of several identity verifiers, using volunteer test subjects. Sandia testing methods and results are discussed.