gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure-induced changes in the electronic structure of americium metal (2011)

We have conducted electronic-structure calculations for Am metal under pressure to investigate the behavior of the 5$f$-electron states. Density-functional theory (DFT) does not reproduce the experimental photoemission spectra for the ground-state phase where the 5$f$ electrons are localized, but the theory is expected to be correct when 5$f$ delocalization occurs under pressure. The DFT prediction is that peak structures of the 5$f$ valence band will merge closer to the Fermi level during compression indicating the presence of itinerant 5$f$ electrons. Existence of such 5$f$ bands is argued to be a prerequisite for the phase transitions, particularly to the primitive orthorhombic AmIV phase, but does not agree with modern dynamical-mean-field theory (DMFT) results. Our DFT model further suggests insignificant changes of the 5$f$ valence under pressure in agreement with recent resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy, but in contradiction to the DMFT predictions. The influence of pressure on the 5$f$ valency in the actinides is discussed and is shown to depend in a nontrivial fashion on 5$f$-band position and occupation relative to the $spd$ valence bands.
Final Report and Documentation for the Optical Backplane/Interconnect for High Speed Communication LDRD (2001)

Current copper backplane technology has reached the technical limits of clock speed and width for systems requiring multiple boards. Currently, bus technology such as VME and PCI (types of buses) will face severe limitations are the bus speed approaches 100 MHz. At this speed, the physical length limit of an unterminated bus is barely three inches. Terminating the bus enables much higher clock rates but at drastically higher power cost. Sandia has developed high bandwidth parallel optical interconnects that can provide over 40 Gbps throughput between circuit boards in a system. Based on Sandia's unique VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) technology, these devices are compatible with CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) chips and have single channel bandwidth in excess of 20 GHz. In this project, we are researching the use of this interconnect scheme as the physical layer of a greater ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) based backplane. There are several advantages to this technology including small board space, lower power and non-contact communication. This technology is also easily expandable to meet future bandwidth requirements in excess of 160 Gbps sometimes referred to as UTOPIA 6. ATM over optical backplane will enable automatic switching of wide high-speed circuits between boards in a system. In the first year we developed integrated VCSELs and receivers, identified fiber ribbon based interconnect scheme and a high level architecture. In the second year, we implemented the physical layer in the form of a PCI computer peripheral card. A description of future work including super computer networking deployment and protocol processing is included.
Evaluating Molecular Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer: When Is a Biomarker Ready for Clinical Use? An Official American Thoracic Society Policy Statement (2017)

The application of molecular biomarkers to assist with the early detection of lung cancer has the potential to substantially improve our ability to select patients for lung cancer screening, and to assist with the characterization of indeterminate lung nodules. We have described relevant considerations and have suggested standards to apply when determining whether a molecular biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer is ready for clinical use.
Macrophage-Rich Reaction in Lymph Nodes as a Mimic of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma on Fine Needle Aspiration (2001)

Immunohistochemistry is a valuable adjunct in avoiding a false diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in macrophage-rich nodal reactions in patients with a history of renal cell carcinoma.
Advanced Estimation for Aircraft Engines (2007)

This paper reviews recent industrial applications of estimation techniques to aircraft engines. Estimation is considered here in a broad sense. An estimator is any algorithm that processes engine measurements to compute engine signals, or parameters of interest, that are not directly measured. The paper begins with a summary of aircraft engines fundamentals, followed by brief descriptions of basic concepts in the areas of engine controls, engine fault detection and isolation, and engine health management. Practical estimation-based approaches in these areas are covered in some detail. These approaches include: control schemes that regulate estimated thrust, fault detection and classification algorithms based on estimator residuals, and health monitoring procedures that track deterioration of key engine model parameters. Several case studies, based on recent programs at GE Global Research and GE Aviation, are described in detail. These case studies contain validations of the proposed solutions via implementations using high-fidelity engine models. The paper concludes with a review of some open problems. This paper intends to be a starting point for researchers in academia and industry looking for an overview of estimation methods used in industrial jet engine applications.
The σ‐Hole Interaction Between Sulfur Hexafluoride and Ammonia Characterised by Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy (2015)

A weakly-bound complex of SF6 and NH3 is generated within an expanding gas jet and characterised by broadband rotational spectroscopy. The spectra of isotopologues (32) SF6 ⋅⋅⋅(14) NH3 , (32) SF6 ⋅⋅⋅(14) ND3 , (32) SF6 ⋅⋅⋅(15) NH3 and (34) SF6 ⋅⋅⋅(15) NH3 are observed and assigned to determine the spectroscopic parameters. These parameters are consistent with the complex having a C3v symmetric rotor geometry, in which the nitrogen atom of NH3 coordinates to SF6 such that the C3v axis of the NH3 sub-unit is aligned with a local C3 axis on the SF6 sub-unit. The geometry of the complex is rationalized in terms of a σ-hole interaction. The observed spectra and ab initio calculations also reveal evidence of internal dynamics involving internal rotation of one monomer sub-unit with respect to the other about the symmetry axis of the complex.
Makeup, an essential tool to manage social expectations surrounding femininity? (2017)

De nombreuses etudes rapportent de l’utilisation du maquillage par les femmes, et notamment les sportives, pour donner d’elles une image compatible avec les normes sociales de la feminite. Deux etudes visant a approfondir nos connaissances concernant les relations entre maquillage et feminite dans une population francaise serontmenees. Dans l’etude 1, les participants devaient associer de maniere spontanee les mots « maquillage » ou « feminite ». Les resultats ont montre que pour les hommes, le maquillage etait associe au charme et a la beaute de la femme, mais pour les femmes, le maquillage etait associe a la beaute, mais egalement au bien-etre et au camouflage. Dans l’etude 2, l’existence d’une norme sociale associant la feminite avec le maquillage a ete examinee a l’aide du « paradigme d’identification » (Jellison, J.M., & Green, J. (1981). A self-presentation approach to the fundamental attribution error : the norm of internality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40 (4), 643–649. Available on : https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.4.643). Les resultats ont montre que l’utilisation d’un nombre plus eleve de produits demaquillage etait plutot associee aux personnes feminines qu’aux personnes non-feminines. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces resultats suggerent que le maquillage est un outil efficace pour etre percue feminine et devrait permettre aux femmes sportives de gerer leurs multiples identites sociales.
An Integrated Approach to Teaching Biotechnology and Bioengineering to an Interdisciplinary Audience (1999)

Locomotor adaptation is commonly studied using split-belt treadmill walking, in which each foot is placed on a belt moving at a different speed. As subjects adapt to split-belt walking, they reduce metabolic power, but the biomechanical mechanism behind this improved efficiency is unknown. Analyzing mechanical work performed by the legs and joints during split-belt adaptation could reveal this mechanism. Because ankle work in the step-to-step transition is more efficient than hip work, we hypothesized that control subjects would reduce hip work on the fast belt and increase ankle work during the step-to-step transition as they adapted. We further hypothesized that subjects with unilateral, trans-tibial amputation would instead increase propulsive work from their intact leg on the slow belt. Control subjects reduced hip work and shifted more ankle work to the step-to-step transition, supporting our hypothesis. Contrary to our second hypothesis, intact leg work, ankle work and hip work in amputees were unchanged during adaptation. Furthermore, all subjects increased collisional energy loss on the fast belt, but did not increase propulsive work. This was possible because subjects moved further backward during fast leg single support in late adaptation than in early adaptation, compensating by reducing backward movement in slow leg single support. In summary, subjects used two strategies to improve mechanical efficiency in split-belt walking adaptation: a CoM displacement strategy that allows for less forward propulsion on the fast belt; and, an ankle timing strategy that allows efficient ankle work in the step-to-step transition to increase while reducing inefficient hip work.
Geomancy (2017)

Geomancy, or fengshui (meaning “wind and water” in Chinese), is “the unique and highly systemized ancient Chinese art of selecting auspicious sites and arranging harmonious structures on them by evaluating the surrounding landscape and cosmological directions.” It has played a key role in the site selection and landscape design of cities and rural settlements, temples and monuments, as well as graves and houses in East Asia.
[Clinical and laboratory studies with typhoid fever 178 patients]. (1997)

One hundred and seventy-eight cases of typhoid patients were studied on clinical and bacteriological aspects. The main clinical findings were as follows: (1) Most of the cases had sustained fever (66.3%). (2) Gastroenterial symptoms developed as the disesase progressed. (3) Rose spots were found in 32.6% of them. (4) Liver and spleen were enlarged in 69.5% of the cases. (5) Blood eosinophil disappeared in most of the patients and leukopenia was noted in 94.3%. (6) There were toxic hepatitis (47.1%), toxic myocarditis (22.4%) and intestinal hemorrhage (19.7%) as complications. In the drug sensitivity test, the number of ampicillin-resistant and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of salmonella typhi was increased more than that seen 5 years ago (P < 0.05), however 100% of the strains were sensitive to amikacin, tobramycin, norflexacin, oflexacin and the third generation of the cephalosporin. For the time being, norflexacin and oflexacin were good and suitable drugs for the treatment of typhoid fever.
What Determines Human Sodium Intake: Policy or Physiology? (2014)

Past and current U.S. sodium and health policy focused on population-wide reductions in sodium intake. Underlying that policy are a number of assumptions that recent scientific publications challenged. The assumptions include the following: 1) that current intakes are excessive; 2) that the “healthy range” must be below current intakes; 3) that sodium intake can be substantially reduced by public policy; 4) that human intake is dictated by the sodium content of the food supply; and 5) that, unlike all other essential nutrients in which a healthy range is defined by a Gaussian distribution, lower sodium intake is always better. Drawing on the most current published evidence, this review addresses each of these long-standing assumptions. Based on worldwide surveys that assessed sodium intake by 24-h urinary sodium measurements, it is now evident that, across 45 societies and 5 decades, humans consume a reproducible, narrow range of sodium: ∼2600–4800 mg/d. This range is independent of the food supply, verifiable in randomized controlled trials, consistent with the physiologic regulators of sodium intake and is not modifiable by public policy interventions. These findings indicate that human sodium intake is controlled by physiology and cannot be modified by public health policies.
An assessment of the effects of radiation on permanent magnet material in the ALS (Advanced Light Source) insertion devices (1989)

Electrons that are lost from the beam during normal operation of a synchrotron radiation source and during a beam dump at the end of a run produce both ionizing radiation and neutrons. This radiation has the potential for damaging sensitive materials, in particular those that need to be very close to the beam. The wigglers and undulators for the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at LBL will use magnetic materials such as the very high performance neodymium-iron-boron, which will be as close as 1 cm away from the electron beam during operation. This material, which is preferred because of its high remanence, is known to be more sensitive to radiation than some other magnetic materials. Simple energy loss estimates and the EGS4 code were used to estimate the radiation levels in the ALS insertion devices in the regions of the magnetic materials. The radiation levels were estimated for both aluminum and stainless steel vacuum chambers to determine if one would provide significantly better shielding. We conclude that Nd-Fe-B can be used in the ALS insertion devices and that there is little difference in the radiation levels for aluminum and stainless vacuum vessels. 8 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Transducer transient suppression: Generalized methods of analysis (1996)

Generalized methods for determining the required waveshape for the driving-voltage waveform that produces no transients in the sound field radiated from an electroacoustic projector are presented. The methods described yield exact analytical expressions for the transient-suppressing drive for any equivalent circuit composed exclusively of lumped elements, although their practical numerical realization requires approximations to be made. However, the approximate drive so obtained can be chosen to approach the exact drive arbitrarily closely. An approximate method for transient suppression, based on z-plane analysis, is also presented. Although only approximate, the method does not require an equivalent circuit for the transducer of interest, but only an approximate z-plane representation. The method also has the advantage of producing no undesirable ramps or pedestals in the transient-suppressing drive.
Responding to the Language of Violence: A Voluntary Organisation’s Assays in Development (2022)

the ant is a voluntary organisation working in Bodoland Territorial areas since the year 2000, with an aim to professionally hasten the speed of development by working at the grassroots with communities by developing models to learn from and to try and influence such changes elsewhere in the northeast region. The people of the region, who were neglected for decades, comprise more than 200 linguistic communities that have often clashed violently against each other. The region has also been known for repeated and widespread sub-nationalist movements arising out of discontent and erupting in violence when their demands are not met. As a small grassroots non-governmental organisation (NGO), it has worked with women to form collectives and to counter domestic violence, with children to improve their learning levels and to get their rights and set up sustainable models of income generation—through tribal women weaver-led collective; healthcare—providing consultation, counselling and a full month’s medicines to almost 2500 mentally ill patients every month in 14 districts; and support other NGOs in Assam with capacity-building initiatives and funds. More importantly, it has been able to utilise its credibility in getting different ethnic communities to interact with each other in order to build mutual respect and understanding and to help a local Student’s Union—a northeast Indian speciality, wherein each community has its own Student’s Union comprising youth who carry out activities to further the socio-political aspirations of the community—to choose other non-violent methods of protest instead of the language of violence and to further a society that believes in good governance and a peaceful environment as an essential to attain development.
Leptospirosis as a Cause of Uveitis-Reply (1990)

(Continued from p 1130.) <i>In Reply</i>. —Watt has called attention to leptospirosis as a potential cause of uveitis. Many subsets of uveitis, such as leptospirosis, Behçet's disease, leprosy, or onchocerciasis, are geographically or genetically restricted. A survey of 2608 patients with uveitis in the United States found none with serologic evidence for exposure to leptospirosis.<sup>1</sup>The major epidemiologic survey cited by Watt2 utilized data from two major reference laboratories, and identified only nine patients with leptospirosis and uveitis between 1949 and 1961 in the continental United States. It is unlikely, therefore, that I have greatly underestimated the prevalence of leptospirosis in my clinic population; nor do I recommend serologic studies for leptospirosis infection in the evaluation of patients with uveitis, unless a history of travel, exposure, or antecedent systemic illness suggests this diagnosis.
Synthesis of desacetamidopyrimidoblamic acid and deglycodesacetamidobleomycin A2. [Erratum to document cited in CA117(11):112035f] (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of desacetamidopyrimidoblamic acid and deglycodesacetamidobleomycin A2. [Erratum to document cited in CA117(11):112035f]Dale L. Boger, Royce F. Menezes, and Qun DangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 19, 5276Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00045a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00045a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Affinity of Sulfamates and Sulfamides to Carbonic Anhydrase II Isoform: Experimental and Molecular Modeling Approaches (2010)

Sixteen aromatic and aliphatic sulfamides and sulfamates were synthesized and tested in their inhibition to carbonic anhydrase CAII activity. The weaker inhibition pattern shown by sulfamides as compared to sulfamates is interpreted in this research by means of molecular modeling techniques, including known inhibitors (topiramate and its sulfamide cognate) in the analysis. The results nicely explain the origin of the inhibitory activity, which is not only related to positive interactions of the ligand with the active site residues but also to the solvation pattern characteristic of each ligand.
Disease resistance gene homologs correlate with disease resistance loci of Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)

The disease resistance genes RPS2 of Arabidopsis and N of tobacco, among other recently cloned resistance genes, share several conserved sequences. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on conserved sequences in the nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a weak hydrophobic domain of RPS2 and N, were used to amplify homologous sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana. Amplification products were obtained that were similar in sequence to the disease resistance genes RPS2, RPM1, N and L6. The Arabidopsis CIC-YAC library was used to identify the position of the disease resistance homologs on the Arabidopsis genome. Their map positions could be correlated with the disease resistance loci RPS5, RAC1, RPP9, CAR1, RPP7, RPW2, RPP1, RPP10, RPP14, RPP5, RPP4, RPS2, RPW6, HRT, RPS4, RPP8, RPP21, RPP22, RPP23, RPP24 and TTR1. This method was therefore not only successful in the identification of sequences located within gene clusters that are involved in disease resistance, but could also contribute to the cloning of disease resistance genes from Arabidopsis.
<i>In Silico</i>, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Assessment of Safety and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Curcumin (2012)

Problem statement: Curcumin the active component of turmeric is known for its wide biological actions. Extensive studies on curcumin highlighted its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic and anti-coagulant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Though curcumin and its anti-inflammatory properties are well documented, the exact mechanism of action and effective in vivo dosage required for potential anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin are yet to be determined. The current work reflects in identfying the the role curcumin in the inflmmatory cascade and arriving at an optimal effective dose (ED 50 ). Approach: The objective of the current study is to understand and establish the role of curcumin in the treatment of inflammatory condition, through in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The specificity and binding affinity of curcumin to major inflammatory mediators such as, cytokines/chemokines, signaling proteins and transcription factors were evaluated using molecular docking. Subsequently, in-vitro experiments were conducted to establish the role of curcumin in reducing the release of histamine and -hexosaminidase form U937 human monocytes cell lines. Further, the Effective Dose (ED 50 ) of curcumin was established for its potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Results: Our study confirmed a strong affinity of curcumin to various inflammatory mediators (ERK, PKC, P38 MAP Kinase, NFkB and Lipoxygenase). Curcumin when studied for its affinity towards chemokines/cytokines and TNF- was found to be ineffective. Proportionate reduction in histamine and -hexosaminidase release in U937 cells in vitro and inhibition of paw edema in carrageenan induced inflammation in rats affirmed the dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin. This in vivo study elucidated the ED 50 value to be 570.6 mg kg -1 body weight for curcumin, which apparently shall be the potent dose to screen its anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: Overall results suggest that, curcumin mediates its anti-inflammatory activity by its direct effect on multitarget inflammatory mediators while others were mediated by the downstream effects of curcumin. Curcumin can be a potent molecule in treatment of various diseases associated with inflammation, with its multi-target potency and high safety profile.
Intelligent Modeling of Human Driver: A Survey (2007)

The control strategy of human operator is naturally dynamic, stochastic and nonlinear. It also changes gradually through the time. Therefore, human driver modeling is a very difficult task. The driver model must be accurate and robust enough to give valid human behaviours under varying conditions, otherwise the model will most probably fail. This means the model has to have some intelligence similar to the human driver. In this paper, human driver modeling was analyzed from an intelligent control perspective.