gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro evidence of cell-mediated immunity after exposure of mice to both live and inactivated rabies virus. (1977)

Mice exposed to live or beta-propiolactone-inactivated rabies virus generated a strong, specific cell-mediated cytotoxic response which was generally maximal 6 days after inoculation. Release of 51Cr was apparently a function of immune thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) because it was abrogated by prior incubation of spleen cells with anti-thymus antiserum and complement but was undiminished by passage of spleen cells through nylon-wool columns. Cytotoxicity was always maximal for interactions in which thymus-derived cells and targets shared H-2 genes but, unlike the situation found in other assays of this type, considerable lysis of allogeneic, virus-infected target cells may also occur. Perhaps the most significant finding from these experiments is that an inactivated virus has been shown to stimulate a potent cytotoxic thymus-derived cell response. Manipulation of this experimental model may allow analysis of the antigens required for stimulation of cell-mediated immunity. A more practical consequence may be the development of more rational protocols for postexposure vaccination against rabies. Prior treatment of mice with antirabies antibody severely depressed the generation of cell-mediated immunity.
APPLICATION OF LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY TO FAILURE ANALYSIS IN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (2011)

Lock-in thermography (LT), which is an established technique in non-destructive evaluation, can also be used for failure analysis (FA) in integrated circuits (ICs). In comparison to earlier thermal FA techniques, like liquid crystal imaging or fluorescent microthermal analysis, LT is easier to apply since it does not need a foreign layer at the IC surface, and the sensitivity limit is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The dynamic character of LT reduces thermal blurring, and the problem of inhomogeneous IR emissivity may be overcome by displaying the phase image or the 0°/-90° image. The spatial resolution limit of LT performed in the mid-wave range is about 5 µm, but it may be improved to 1.5 µm by applying a solid immersion lens.
Supplementary Figures and Legends from Interferon-Induced IDO1 Mediates Radiation Resistance and Is a Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Products Liability-Jackson vs. General Motors Corp.: Tennessee Authorized Consumer Expectation Test for All Cases in Which Product Is Alleged to Be Unreasonably Dangerous (2002)

Mounce A. Jackson (Jackson) was injured when the vehicle he was driving, a General Motors Corporation (GM) 1992 Pontiac Grand Prix, crashed into a tree.1 Although Jackson was wearing a seatbelt,2 his head struck the steering wheel, resulting in a broken jaw and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.3 Jackson brought an action against GM in district court, claiming strict products liability and asserting that the seatbelt system was unreasonably dangerous because it failed to pass the consumer expectation test under the Tennessee Products Liability Act of 1978.[4] Jackson argued that the vehicle was unreasonably dangerous because an ordinary consumer would expect a seatbelt system to prevent a driver's head from hitting the steering wheel in a nineteen to twenty-three mile per hour collision.5 Asserting that the consumer expectation test was not applicable to a strict liability claim regarding an unreasonably dangerous seatbelt system, GM moved for summary judgment,6 which was initially denied by U.S. District Judge Thomas Wiseman.7 However, upon reconsideration, the district court granted GM's motion for summary judgment, finding that the ordinary consumer lacked an experiential basis for the formation of an expectation of how a seatbelt system should perform in an accident similar to Jackson's.8 Upon Jackson's appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, the appellate court certified the following dispositive question to the Supreme Court of Tennessee:9 In a products liability action under Tennessee law, may the plaintiff use the `consumer expectation test' to prove that his seatbelt/restraint system was unreasonably dangerous because it failed to conform to the safety standards expected by an ordinary consumer under the circumstances?10 The Tennessee Supreme Court held, answered.11 Any party in a products liability suit seeking to prove under Tennessee law that a product is unreasonably dangerous may use the consumer expectation test. Jackson v. Gen. Motors Corp., 60 S.W.3d 800 (Tenn. 2001).12 Current products liability law originated with MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.,13 in which the New York Court of Appeals struck down the privity requirement previously inherent in negligence actions, thereby expanding the duty of a manufacturer to include all persons injured by a product that was certain to place life and limb in peril when negligently made.14 Almost all courts in the United States adopted MacPherson's groundbreaking holding of a third party's cause of action for negligence against a manufacturer.15 The doctrine of strict liability in the product liability context arose in Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc.,16 when the New Jersey Supreme Court held a manufacturer liable for a defective product on a theory of warranty.17 The Henningsen court enforced an implied warranty of merchantability upon the manufacturer, noting that a manufacturer can reasonably expect a third party to become a user of the product. …
Effect of endurance running on cardiac and skeletal muscle in rats. (2001)

We studied the effect of resistance running on left cardiac ventricle size and rectus femoris muscle fiber composition. Ten male Wistar rats were trained on a treadmill 6 days per week for 12 weeks. Ten rats remained sedentary and served as controls. A higher endurance time (40%) and cardiac hypertrophy in the trained animals were indicators of training efficiency. Morphometric analysis of the left ventricle cross-sectional area, left ventricular wall, and left ventricular cavity were evaluated. The endurance-running group demonstrated a hypertrophy of the ventricular wall (22%) and an increase in the ventricular cavity (25%); (p<0.0001). Semi-quantitative analysis of rectus femoris fiber-type composition and of the oxidative and glycolytic capacity was histochemically performed. Endurance running demonstrated a significant (p<0.01) increase in the relative frequency of Type I (24%), Type IIA (8%) and Type IIX (16%) oxidative fibers, and a decrease in Type IIB (20%) glycolytic fibers. There was a hypertrophy of both oxidative and glycolytic fiber types. The relative cross-sectional area analysis demonstrated an increase in oxidative fibers and a decrease in glycolytic fibers (p<0.0001). Changes were especially evident for Type IIX oxidative-glycolytic fibers. The results of this study indicate that the left ventricle adapts to endurance running by increasing wall thickness and enlargement of the ventricular cavity. Skeletal muscle adapts to training by increasing oxidative fiber Type. This increase may be related to fiber transformation from Type IIB glycolytic to Type IIX oxidative fibers. These results open the possibility for the use of this type of exercise to prevent muscular atrophy associated with age or post-immobilization.
Nonlinear behavior and 1/fnoise near a conductivity threshold: Effects of local microgeometry (1989)

Conductivity fluctuations and the closely related weakly nonlinear conductivity of a composite conductor are examined for a variety of local microgeometries, some of which have been used in the past in models of continuum percolation. A great sensitivity to microgeometric details has been found that had not been previously appreciated. This is invoked to explain the failure of a conventional approach to implementing a self-consistent effective-medium approximation for conductivity fluctuations. It is suggested that measurements of the noise or of weak nonlinearities in electrical or mechanical behavior can be used to get information about microgeometric details of a composite to which the usual conductivity or elastic stiffness moduli are insensitive. In particular, parameters that affect the breakdown properties seem to be accessible to such nondestructive analysis.
Clinical Significance of Combined Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody and Rheumatoid Factor Assays in Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis (2015)

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the value of combined anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody and rheumatoid factor (RF) assays in the clinical diagnosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods: Results of both anti-CCP and RF detection in 70 RA patients (13 males, 57 females; mean age 49.2±12.1 years; range 35 to 61 years) and 112 non-RA patients (35 males, 77 females; mean age 42.5±7.1 years; range 35 to 49 years) were retrospectively and statistically analyzed. Results: In RA patients, positive rates of anti-CCP and RF were 70.0% and 77.1%, respectively. These rates were significantly higher than the rates in non-RA patients (2.7% and 4.5%, respectively; p
Synthesis of thymidine dimers containing internucleoside sulfonate and sulfonamide linkages (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of thymidine dimers containing internucleoside sulfonate and sulfonamide linkagesRobert C. Reynolds, Peter A. Crooks, Joseph A. Maddry, M. Shamim Akhtar, John A. Montgomery, and John A. Secrist IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 11, 2983–2985Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00037a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00037a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
[Glass ionomer cement and dentin: effect of pretreatment with polyacrylic acid]. (1990)

This investigation measured the effect of polyacrylic acid treatment of dentin on adhesion of glass ionomer cement. The dentin was ground on paper No. 220 or No. 500 and treated with a polyacrylic acid solution of 10% or 25% for either 10 s or 30 s. The differences observed in the scanning electron microscope between the differently treated dentin surfaces were not reflected in the bond strength results. Only differences in surface texture due to different coarseness of grinding influenced the adhesion. As to specimens ground on paper No. 220, pretreatment with polyacrylic acid enhanced adhesion of glass ionomer cement. No effect of polyacrylic acid was found on bonding between glass ionomer cement and dentin ground on paper No. 500.
Packaging Trends and New Materials Challenges (2006)

Summary form only given. In this presentation, I will summarize the system, IC and package trends in the microelectronics industry, and the accompanying new material challenges as the IC miniaturizes, more new systems are introduced to the market, and as a greater variety of new packages continues to be churned out at an ever-higher rate. Adding to the complexity are the ever-present low cost pressures, linking everything we do to cost from design to production, as well as the ever-more stringent "green" requirements placed on these new materials. All these translate to the needs to designing and producing the new materials under a new mindset and perhaps a new set of methodologies
Herpes simplex encephalitis in a patient with a distinctive form of inherited IFNAR1 deficiency (2020)

Inborn errors of TLR3-dependent IFN-α/β- and IFN-λ-mediated immunity in the CNS can underlie herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE). The respective contributions of IFN-α/β and IFN-λ are unknown. We report a child homozygous for a genomic deletion of the entire coding sequence and part of the 3'-UTR of the last exon of IFNAR1, who died of HSE at the age of 2 years. An older cousin died following vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella at 12 months of age, and another 17-year-old cousin homozygous for the same variant has had other, less severe, viral illnesses. The encoded IFNAR1 protein is expressed on the cell surface but is truncated and cannot interact with the tyrosine kinase TYK2. The patient's fibroblasts and EBV-B cells did not respond to IFN-α2b or IFN-β, in terms of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 phosphorylation or the genome-wide induction of IFN-stimulated genes. The patient's fibroblasts were susceptible to viruses, including HSV-1, even in the presence of exogenous IFN-α2b or IFN-β. HSE is therefore a consequence of inherited complete IFNAR1 deficiency. This viral disease occurred in natural conditions, unlike those previously reported in other patients with IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 deficiency. This experiment of nature indicates that IFN-α/β are essential for anti-HSV-1 immunity in the CNS.
Integrating security technology and object-oriented technology (panel) (1993)

article Free Access Share on Integrating security technology and object-oriented technology (panel) Authors: Bhavani Thuraisingham The MITRE Corporation The MITRE CorporationView Profile , T. C. Ting University of Connecticut University of ConnecticutView Profile , Peter Sell Department of Defense Department of DefenseView Profile , Ravi Sandhu George Mason University George Mason UniversityView Profile , Thomas Keefe Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania State UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN OOPS MessengerVolume 5Issue 2April 1994 pp 59–61https://doi.org/10.1145/260304.260320Online:01 April 1993Publication History 0citation207DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads207Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Oxidation Mechanism of Phenols by Dicopper−Dioxygen (Cu2/O2) Complexes (2003)

The first systematic studies on the oxidation of neutral phenols (ArOH) by the mu-eta(2):eta(2)-peroxo)dicopper(II) complex (A) and the bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complex (B) supported by the 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine tridentate and didentate ligands L(Py2) and L(Py1), respectively, have been carried out in order to get insight into the phenolic O-H bond activation mechanism by metal-oxo species. In both cases (A and B), the C-C coupling dimer was obtained as a solely isolable product in approximately 50% yield base on the dicopper-dioxygen (Cu(2)/O(2)) complexes, suggesting that both A and B act as electron-transfer oxidants for the phenol oxidation. The rate-dependence in the oxidation of phenols by the Cu(2)/O(2) complexes on the one-electron oxidation potentials of the phenol substrates as well as the kinetic deuterium isotope effects obtained using ArOD have indicated that the reaction involves a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. The reactivity of phenols for net hydrogen atom transfer reactions to cumylperoxyl radical (C) has also been investigated to demonstrate that the rate-dependence of the reaction on the one-electron oxidation potentials of the phenols is significantly smaller than that of the reaction with the Cu(2)O(2) complexes, indicative of the direct hydrogen atom transfer mechanism (HAT). Thus, the results unambiguously confirmed that the oxidation of phenols by the Cu(2)O(2) complex proceeds via the PCET mechanism rather than the HAT mechanism involved in the cumylperoxyl radical system. The reactivity difference between A and B has also been discussed by taking account of the existed fast equilibrium between A and B.
Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Bacillus licheniformis (2012)

Owing to the wide-ranging applications of noble metal nanoparticles in diverse areas of science and technology, different methods have been proposed for their synthesis. Here, we describe the methods for the intracellular biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using the bacterium Bacillus licheniformis KK2 and this same procedure can be followed for other bacteria as well. The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is highly eco-friendly and possesses distinct advantages such as enhanced stability, better control over the size, shape, and monodispersity of the nanoparticles, when compared with the more traditional physical and chemical methods which often involves the use of hazardous chemicals creating environmental concern.
Effects on ink setting in flexographic printing: Coating polarity and dot gain (2006)

Research has been carried out to study the factors that affect ink setting, with particular focus on the effects of coating polarity and the printing pressure in flexographic printing. Different co ...
An efficient manufacturing method for I-shaped cross-sectional CFRP beam with arbitrary arrangement of carbon fiber using electro-activated resin molding (2018)

The I-shaped cross-sectional beam of CFRP (CFRP I-beam) is usually manufactured by the continuous protrusion method. Carbon fibers can only be arranged in the longitudinal direction. The CFRP I-beam with arbitrary arrangement of carbon fiber was manufactured with applying the electro-activated deposition molding method. The carbon fiber fabric was immersed in the deposition solution and energized, epoxy resin precipitated around carbon fiber and impregnated. The resin-impregnated fabric was installed to the mold, and the CFRP I-beam was fabricated. The CFRP I-beam was subjected to three-point bending tests, and the relationship between load-deflection was simulated by finite-element analysis.
Role of reactive radicals in degeneration of the auditory system of mice following cisplatin treatment (2004)

The hydroxyl radical may be a critical target for a strategy aimed at protecting auditory function from cisplatin toxicity.
A global assessment of large scale earthquakes: The impact of mitigation and preparation policies on the loss of human life (2011)

This research examines emergency management mitigation and preparation polices in the hazard area of seismic events. With major earthquakes receiving high profile attention in the media, these events have caused widespread fear, physical damage to buildings and infrastructure and loss of life. This research evaluates the weaknesses that are currently affecting areas where earthquakes remain a constant threat. This study uses cases to provide rich description regarding several events and looks in-depth at six seismic events. Variables are sourced from the United Stated Geological Survey and show the magnitude of the earthquake and the official death and injury count for each event. Data for each event comes from local new reports, geological surveys, and other scholarly sources that examine each local event. Data analysis uncovers specific issues that pertain to mitigation and preparedness efforts in regards to earthquakes. As a result of examining these cases, this research will show several areas where mitigation and preparation efforts and policies could be improved so as to save human lives. In both mitigation and preparation, there exists room for improving methods and this research highlights steps that should be taken by any emergency management organization operating under the threat of earthquakes.
Certificate Pinning Extension for HSTS (2011)

This memo describes an extension to the HTTP Strict Transport Security
specification allowing web host operators to instruct UAs to remember
(pin) hosts' cryptographic identities for a given period of time.
During that time, UAs will require that the host present a certificate
chain including at least one public key whose fingerprint matches one
or more of the pinned fingerprints for that host. By effectively
reducing the scope of authorities who can authenticate the domain
during the lifetime of the pin, we hope pinning reduces the incidence
of man-in-the-middle attacks due to compromised Certification
Authorities and other authentication errors and attacks.
This document will be revisited after the experience in the testbeams of 2004 and also after the experience in the FE and BE crate tests. (2005)

1 At the receivers The receiver/monitor system of the LAr calorimeters is the only place where analog signals from individual trigger towers of the calorimeter can be monitored. Up to 16 individual channels from each crate can be monitored simultaneously. Including the tile calorimeter, the total number of channels that can be simultaneously monitored amounts to 128. The selection of channels to monitor from each crate is determined by USB commands received by the control board in each receiver crate. These commands arrive either from a dedicated VME processor located in the monitoring crate or from a laptop connected to this controller via a USB interface. These control signals can be sent to the system during regular data taking and no interference is caused by this monitoring to the L1 trigger operations and data taking. Originally there were no plans to digitize the signals from the channels being monitored for remote use. The only monitoring foreseen in the past was with an oscilloscope connected to a few channels. This would require a physicist working for some extended period of time down in the cavern.
Joint Scheduling-Offloading policies in NOMA-based Mobile Edge Computing Systems (2023)

We consider a Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-based wireless network where User Equipments (UEs) are connected to a Base Station (BS) equipped with a Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) server. The UEs can process their buffered data packets with strict delay either locally or by offloading them to the base station's MEC server. In order to minimize the dropped packets due to buffer overflow or delay violation, the scheduling-offloading problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and solved using various optimal and Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. The output of each policy is, for each user, the number of packets to be processed and the type of processing (locally or remotely). The decisions rely on the channel state information and the buffers states. The numerical results show the great advantage of using NOMA compared to Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA). We further analyze the scalability capabilities of the used algorithms, which validates the benefits of using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques.