gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of volatile metabolites emitted by various species to reveal their roles in chemical ecology and healthcare (2015)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or volatile metabolites are small molecules and comprise a chemically diverse group of organic compounds, with a low molecular weight in the range of approximately 500 Daltons. They have low boiling points and high vapor pressure under ambient conditions. VOCs contribute only a small proportion of the metabolites produced by living organisms, however because of their important roles in chemical ecology and human healthcare, determining and analyzing the roles of these compounds is crucial for understanding of living systems. In the present study, we have developed a database of VOCs emitted by various living organisms and analyzed their roles in the aspect of chemical ecology and healthcare. Hierarchical and graph-clustering methods were used to cluster 517 microorganism species based on their emitting VOCs. From the clustering results, we found consistency between VOC and pathogenicity-based classification of microorganisms. In addition, we also performed the heatmap clustering and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) based on Tanimoto coefficient as the similarity index of the chemical structure to cluster all 236 VOCs emitted by various biological species. Clustering results show that similar chemical structure may exhibit similar biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINES. IX. SYNTHESIS OF 5‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐FLUOROPYRIMIDINES (1977)

Abstract Pyrimidine. 60. Mitt. Darstellung S‐substituierter 2‐Fluor‐pyrimidine.
CAVIAR, a serial ECG processing and management system for pharmacological drug trials (2002)

The authors present a specific implementation of the CAVIAR serial analysis program which is intended to support the processing and the management of serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) from pharmacological drug studies. This system includes bedside, PC-based ECG data acquisition units, computerized unitary and serial ECG analysis software, and a ECG database management system which partly implements the conceptual reference model for ECG data storage developed in the SCP-ECG European project. Several system architectures have been considered, from bedside integration of the complete data processing sequence up to networked distributed data processing, automatically performed either in real time or in batch mode. The serial ECGs are processed following the CAVIAR method, based on an optimal comparison of successive space-time ECG images. Emphasis is put on both ECG-related data-flow management and on the request functions which are supported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Revisiting the role of neurons in neurovascular coupling (2010)

In this article, we will review molecular, anatomical, physiological and pharmacological data in an attempt to better understand how excitatory and inhibitory neurons recruited by distinct afferent inputs to the cerebral cortex contribute to the coupled hemodynamic response, and how astrocytes can act as intermediaries to these neuronal populations. We aim at providing the pros and cons to the following statements that, depending on the nature of the afferent input to the neocortex, (i) different neuronal or astroglial messengers, likely acting in sequence, mediate the hemodynamic changes, (ii) some recruited neurons release messengers that directly alter blood vessel tone, (iii) others act by modulating neuronal and astroglial activity, and (iv) astrocytes act as intermediaries for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. We will stress that a given afferent signal activates a precise neuronal circuitry that determines the mediators of the hemodynamic response as well as the level of interaction with surrounding astrocytes.
Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Selectivity of Ion Exchange-Based Polymer Membrane Sensing Layers (2016)

The applicability of ion exchange membranes is mainly defined by their permselectivity towards specific ions. For instance, the needed selectivity can be sought by modifying some of the components required for the preparation of such membranes. In this study, a new class of materials -trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium based ionic liquids (ILs) were used to modify the properties of ion exchange membranes. We determined selectivity coefficients for iodide as model ion utilizing six phosphonium-based ILs and compared the selectivity with two classical plasticizers. The dielectric properties of membranes plasticized with ionic liquids and their response characteristics towards ten different anions were investigated using potentiometric and impedance measurements. In this large set of data, deviations of obtained selectivity coefficients from the well-established Hofmeister series were observed on many occasions thus indicating a multitude of applications for these ion-exchanging systems.
Design of a comb generator for high capacity coherent-WDM systems (2011)

We present a theoretical model developed for estimating the power, the optical signal to noise ratio and the number of generated carriers in a comb generator, having as a reference the minimum optical signal do noise ratio at the receiver input, for a given fiber link. Based on the recirculating frequency shifting technique, the generator relies on the use of coherent and orthogonal multi-carriers (Coherent WDM) that makes use of a single laser source (seed) for feeding high capacity (above 100 Gb/s) systems. The theoretical model has been validated by an experimental demonstration, where 23 comb lines with an optical signal to noise ratio ranging from 25 to 33 dB, in a spectral window of ~ 3.5 nm, are obtained.
Suppression of the Mitogenic Response to Phytohemagglutinin in Malignant Neoplasia: Correlation With Clinical Stage and Therapy 2 (1974)

Journal Article Suppression of the Mitogenic Response to Phytohemagglutinin in Malignant Neoplasia: Correlation With Clinical Stage and Therapy Get access Tamar Mekori, Tamar Mekori Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shulamith Sher, Shulamith Sher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eliezer Robinson Eliezer Robinson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 9–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.1.9 Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Received: 02 February 1973 Revision received: 10 August 1973 Accepted: 30 August 1973 Published: 01 January 1974
The theoretical prediction of current chopping ability of vacuum contact materials (2002)

Up to now, a theoretical model has not been established which shows the relationship between chopping current and material parameters and has direct significance for materials selection and manufacture. In this paper, based on the heat conduction equation and energy balance principle on the cathode surface, a new criterion, which can predict the current chopping ability and determine the chopping current sequence of different contact materials, is developed and verified by experiment. The new criterion clearly indicates: increasing the electrical resistivity, ionization potential, or decreasing the boiling point, specific heat, work function of material, atom weight, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of evaporation, will make the vacuum material's chopping current low.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotide Chemistry. Part 16. Amidine Protecting Groups for Oligonucleotide Synthesis. (1986)

Abstract Amidines have been investigated for protection of deoxyadenosine, de‐ oxycytidine, 5‐methyldeoxycytidine, cytidine,and deoxyguanosine.
Assessing the Impact of Features on Probabilistic Modeling of Photovoltaic Power Generation (2022)

Photovoltaic power generation has high variability and uncertainty because it is affected by uncertain factors such as weather conditions. Therefore, probabilistic forecasting is useful for optimal operation and risk hedging in power systems with large amounts of photovoltaic power generation. However, deterministic forecasting is the mainstay of photovoltaic generation forecasting; there are few studies on probabilistic forecasting and feature selection from weather or time-oriented features in such forecasting. In this study, prediction intervals were generated by the lower upper bound estimation (LUBE) using neural networks with two outputs to make probabilistic modeling for predictions. The objective was to improve prediction interval coverage probability (PICP), mean prediction interval width (MPIW), continuous ranked probability score (CRPS), and loss, which is the integration of PICP and MPIW, by removing unnecessary features through feature selection. When features with high gain were selected by random forest (RF), in the modeling of 14.7 kW PV systems, loss improved by 1.57 kW, CRPS by 0.03 kW, PICP by 0.057 kW, and MPIW by 0.12 kW on average over two weeks compared to the case where all features were used without feature selection. Therefore, the low gain features from RF act as noise and reduce the modeling accuracy.
[Hurdles to HIV cure. Part 1 : the latent reservoirs]. (2020)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS, is a major public health problem. In Belgium, 2 to 3 new cases are diagnosed every day. Since the advent of combined antiretroviral treatments in 1996, the life expectancy and quality of life of infected patients have greatly improved. However, to date there is no cure for HIV. Individuals infected with HIV must remain on antiretroviral treatment for life. One of the reasons for the difficulty in finding a cure for HIV is that the virus can remain in a latent form, i.e. dormant, in some of the cells it infects. These latent reservoirs are not recognized by the immune system and can reactivate and thus restart the infection if the patient stops the treatment. These latent reservoirs are therefore a major obstacle to cure HIV and a great deal of research is being conducted by the scientific community to find an eradication strategy. In this article, we will present the different characteristics of these latent reservoirs and the different strategies put in place to identify and eliminate them.
<title>Free-space optoelectronic data distributor for fully connected massively parallel processors</title> (1998)

A Code V simulation of a free-space optoelectronic data distributor, commonly known as the Kaleidoscope, is presented. The device is designed to interconnect processing elements in massively parallel processors, and the simulation results indicate that the device is capable of interconnecting 64 processing elements with a 64-bit word in a fully connected topology. The results further suggest that the number of processing elements, in the future improved version of the device, may be increased to 1024 and beyond.
Interaction of laser-generated polarization singularities in a nonlinear isotropic gyrotropic medium (2014)

The interaction of polarization singularities (C-points) of a light field in collinearly propagating beams in an isotropic gyrotropic medium with nonlocal nonlinear cubic optical response was studied numerically. The nonlinear self-action significantly affects the transversal polarization and intensity distribution in the propagating beams, while the nonlocality can change the relative weights or the polarization states of the intense peaks in the transversal section. The sum of the topological charges of all of the singularities in the propagating field remains unchanged. The scenario of their interaction is, in general, the same, as in the linear medium, but depending on the nonlinearity character it can either be quickened or slowed down by the increase of the intensity of the incident waves. In the case of very large values of the initial intensity the interaction between the C-points (pairwise creation and annihilation) ceases due to the strong separate self-focusing of circularly polarized components of the field.
Identification of Novel Chemical Scaffolds Inhibiting Trypanothione Synthetase from Pathogenic Trypanosomatids (2016)

Novel molecular scaffolds with on-target mode of action were identified as hit candidates for TryS inhibition. Due to the remarkable species-specificity exhibited by tri-tryp TryS towards the compounds, future optimization and screening campaigns should aim at designing and detecting, respectively, more potent and broad-range TryS inhibitors.
Optical Injection-Locking-Based Pump Recovery for Phase-Sensitively Amplified Links (2012)

An injection-locking-based pump recovery system for phase-sensitively amplified links is proposed and studied experimentally. Measurements with 10 Gbaud DQPSK signals show penalty-free recovery of 0.8 GHz FWHM bandwidth pump with 63 dB overall amplification.
Blind Deconvolution: Convex Geometry and Noise Robustness (2018)

Blind deconvolution problems arise in many areas in science and engineering such as communications and astronomy. For this reason, this problem has been a subject of intense study for many decades. Recently, motivated by the success of randomization in compressed sensing and low-rank matrix recovery, a new viewpoint has been introduced. Namely one assumes that the convolved signals are contained in known subspaces, which possess a certain degree of randomness. Such a scenario appears, for example, in wireless communications. Here the idea is to randomly embed the signal into a higher dimensional space before transmission through an unknown channel. The resulting redundancy can then be used for recovery. The first approach for this subspace model, proposed by Ahmed, Recht, and Romberg, was to lift the problem into the space of matrix representation and use the nuclear norm as a regularizer. Their recovery guarantees also apply for noisy measurements, but the error bounds involve seemingly suboptimal dimensional scaling factors. In this paper we will introduce a new geometric analysis based on the conic singular value of the descent cone, which explains these factors. Furthermore, we show that for O(1) noise-levels, these factors can be avoided and one can obtain near-optimal error bounds.
Synthesis and characterization of a low band gap quinoxaline based D–A copolymer and its application as a donor for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (2013)

A new alternating copolymer P comprising of benzo[1,2-b;4,5,b′]dithiophene (BDT) derivative and 4,9-bis-(5-bromothiophene-2-yl)-6,7-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (DTQx) derivative electron, donating and electron withdrawing units, respectively, has been synthesized by Stille reaction. The copolymer was characterized by TGA, UV-visible absorption and cyclic voltammetry. The optical band gap of P was calculated from the onset wavelength of absorption to be about 1.38 eV. The copolymer P was used as electron donor along with PC60BM or PC70BM as electron acceptors for the fabrication of bulk heterojunction solar cells with configurations of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P:PC60BM or PC70BM/Al. The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of the copolymer solar cells blended with PC60BM and PC70BM as electron acceptors, spin cast from THF solvent, were 2.10% and 3.26%, respectively. The PCE device based on the P:PC70BM blend processed from DIO/THF was enhanced up to 4.47%. After optimizing the device parameters, such as blend ratio of P to PCBM and the choice of processing solvent, power conversion efficiency reaches as high as 5.12% for P:PC70BM blend, when processed from DIO/THF solvent, a blend ratio of 1 : 2 w/w and DMSO doped PEDOT:PSS buffer layer is used.
A Silver-Free, Single-Sheet Imaging Medium Based on Acid Amplification (2002)

We describe a photographic medium that uses acid-amplified imaging (AAI) rather than silver halide development to amplify a latent image. The latent image is captured when small amounts of superacid are generated by the photolysis of iodonium salts sensitized by cationic dyes. During thermal processing, the quantity of acid is multiplied in a process catalyzed by strong acid, resulting in a much larger amount of a weaker acid. Acid-sensitive indicator dyes that diffuse into regions where acid has been produced form a colored image. The AAI system is not sufficiently sensitive for direct use in cameras but is suitable for many printing applications.
INHIBITION OF POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE PRESERVES BIOENERGETICS IN ISOLATED MITOCHONDRIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS. (2005)

Lai, Yi-Chen; Nathaniel, Paula D; Du, Lina; Kochanek, Patrick M; Clark, Robert S Author Information
A method for deriving displacement data during cyclical movement using an inertial sensor (2005)

Biomechanical studies often employ optical motion capture systems for the determination of the position of an object in a room-based coordinate system. This is not ideal for many types of study in locomotion since only a few strides may be collected per ;trial', and outdoor experiments are difficult with some systems. Here, we report and evaluate a novel approach that enables the user to determine linear displacements of a proprietary orientation sensor during cyclical movement. This makes experiments outside the constraints of the laboratory possible, for example to measure mechanical energy fluctuations of the centre of mass during over-ground locomotion. Commercial orientation sensors based on inertial sensing are small and lightweight and provide a theoretical framework for determining position from acceleration. In practice, the integration process is difficult to implement because of integration errors, integration constants and the necessity to determine the orientation of the measured accelerations. Here, by working within the constraints of cyclical movements, we report and evaluate a method for determining orientation and relative position using a modified version of a commercial inertial orientation sensor that combines accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, thus giving a full set of movement parameters (displacement, velocity and acceleration in three dimensions). The 35 g sensor was attached over the spine of a horse exercising on a treadmill. During canter locomotion (9.0 m s-1), the amplitudes of trunk movement in the x (craniocaudal), y (mediolateral) and z (dorsoventral) directions were 99.6, 57.9 and 140.2 mm, respectively. Comparing sensor displacement values with optical motion capture values for individual strides, the sensor had a median error (25th, 75th percentile) in the x, y and z directions of 0.1 (-9.7, +10.8), -3.8 (-15.5, +13.7) and -0.1 (-6.3, +7.1) mm, respectively. High-pass filtering of the displacement data effectively separated non-cyclical from cyclical components of the movement and reduced the interquartile ranges of the errors considerably to (-3.6, 6.2), (-4.0, 3.8) and (-4.5, 5.1) for x, y and z displacement, respectively, during canter locomotion. This corresponds to (-3.2, 5.5)%, (-6.7, 6.3)% and (-3.3, 3.7)% of the range of motion.
Stable Cadence Tracking of Admitting Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycle (2018)

Rehabilitation robotics and functional electrical stimulation (FES) are two promising methods of rehabilitation for people with neurological disorders. In motorized FES cycling, both the rider and the motorized cycle must be controlled for cooperative human-machine interaction. While rehabilitation goals vary widely, FES cycling traditionally rejects rider disturbances to accomplish cadence and power tracking; however, this paper ensures that the cycle accommodates the rider without rejecting rider disturbances as a means to promote function and strength recovery while ensuring rider safety. A cadence and admittance controller are developed to activate the cycle’s electric motor and the rider’s leg muscles through FES when kinematically efficient. Using a single set of combined cycle-rider dynamics, a Lyapunov-like switched systems analysis is conducted to conclude global exponential cadence tracking. A subsequent passivity analysis is conducted to show the admittance controller is passive with respect to the rider. For a desired cadence of 50 RPM, preliminary experiments on one able-bodied participant and one participant with spina bifida demonstrate tracking errors of −0.07±2.59 RPM and −0.20±3.86 RPM, respectively.
A linear chemical‐physical theory model for liquid metal solution thermodynamics (1988)

Abstract The simplified chemical‐physical theory (SCPT) for compound‐forming liquid metal solutions is improved by a reduction in the number of modeling parameters using an adaptation of the group contribution approach. A group contribution technique is applied to linearize the Gibbs energy (and enthalpy) of formation of intermetallic compounds. As a result, the activities or Gibbs energies of many binary liquid alloy systems are represented successfully with only a single parameter for the chemical interactions and another for the physical interactions. Similarly, the enthalpies of mixing are modeled well using only the temperature derivatives of these two parameters.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Integrated Molecular and Immune Phenotype of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer and Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy: A NeoALTTO Exploratory Analysis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Patient-level heatmap of the 27 putative biomarkers assessed in the paper with annotation showing pCR (No; Yes), Event (No; Yes), TRT, Treatment (Combination; Single agent ), ER status (Negative; Positive), TRAR (Low; High), PAM50 subtype (HER2; Other)&lt;/p&gt;
Determining chromatin structure by computer-aided image analysis (1993)

In the present research, we address the problem of how chromatin fibers are ordered in band and interband regions along the length of a Drosophila polytene chromosome. Our approach employs image processing as a preliminary step to amplify the image contrast. Then, computerized pattern recognition methods are used to study how the chromatin is arranged. Polytene chromosomes were isolated from salivary glands and squashed on glass microscope slides. The slides were immersed in liquid nitrogen and the coverslips were removed with a razor blade. Small droplets of a polymer developed in our laboratory called HACH (a mixture of 2- hydroxyhexanedial, carbohydrazide and hydrazine) were then placed over individual chromosome spreads and the slides were left at 26°C overnight to allow for HACH polymerization. HACHembedded samples were removed from the slides, mounted on resin blocks, trimmed and thinsectioned at a thickness of approximately 100 nm. Sections were floated onto formvar-coated gold grids and viewed with a Zeiss 10C transmission electron microscope operated at 80kV.