gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements on IP Header Compression (2003)

Due to bandwidth constraints on the wireless link in an IP network, it is useful to compress the headers so as to maximize the utilization of the link. Different Header Compression schemes have been proposed. Some make use of the similarity in consecutive headers in a packet flow to compress these headers. These are called here time compression, as they acquire the compression information over the time length of a flow. Another scheme introduced recently makes use of the similarity in consecutive flows from or to a given mobile terminal to compress these headers. This we call a space compression, as it uses information about the distribution of flows over the destination address space. We present here a comparison of these two classes of header compression algorithm-time and space- and of a third one that combines them. The combined algorithm significantly outperforms traditional header compression algorithm. We evaluate the compression scheme with respect to actual internet data traces.
Human α 1-Proteinase Inhibitor Binds to Extracellular Matrix In Vitro (1993)

alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) is the major endogenous inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). We have employed two different methods to quantitate the binding of alpha 1-PI to extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of 51% glycoproteins and proteoglycans, 37% types I and III collagen, and 12% elastin, derived from rat heart smooth muscle cells. alpha 1-PI is tightly bound to ECM via a saturable adsorption process; the bound protein fails to dissociate from the matrix after repeated washing. Binding of alpha 1-PI is unaffected by the prior removal of ECM glycoproteins with trypsin. Binding to ECM is not decreased in the presence of high salt but is decreased at low pH. A 40-fold excess of unlabeled alpha 1-PI displaces only 50% of [125I]alpha 1-PI prebound to ECM. A 30% decrease in the levels of alpha 1-PI bound to ECM is observed after DTT washes of ECM preincubated with alpha 1-PI or when alpha 1-PI is modified with iodoacetamide prior to incubation with ECM, implying that a fraction of bound alpha 1-PI is covalently linked to ECM via disulfide bond formation. Moreover, high molecular weight complexes between [125I]alpha 1-PI and ECM components can be visualized by SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions but disappear upon reduction. Approximately 50% of the total alpha 1-PI bound covalently or noncovalently to ECM retains the ability to inhibit HLE-mediated ECM proteolysis. alpha 1-PI-HLE complexes bound to ECM can be visualized by SDS-PAGE following the addition of HLE to ECM that was pretreated with [125I]alpha 1-PI. alpha 1-PI from normal plasma or serum also binds to ECM with retention of immunoreactivity and partial retention of inhibitory activity. However, ECM pretreated with alpha 1-PI-deficient serum retains no HLE-inhibitory activity.
Enhancing software reliability with speculative threads (2002)

This paper advocates the use of a monitor-and-recover programming paradigm to enhance the reliability of software, and proposes an architectural design that allows software and hardware to cooperate in making this paradigm more efficient and easier to program.We propose that programmers write monitoring functions assuming simple sequential execution semantics. Our architecture speeds up the computation by executing the monitoring functions speculatively in parallel with the main computation. For recovery, programmers can define fine-grain transactions whose side effects, including all register modifications and memory writes, can either be committed or aborted under program control. Transactions are implemented efficiently by treating them as speculative threads.Our experimental results suggest that monitored execution is more amenable to parallelization than regular program execution. Code monitoring is sped up by a factor of 1.5 by exploiting single-thread instruction-level parallelism, and by an additional factor of 1.6 using thread-level speculation. This results in an overall improvement of 2.5 times and a sustained 5.4 instructions-per-cycle performance. A monitored execution that used to be 2.5 times slower executes with a degradation of only 12% when compared to the performance on the baseline machine. We also show that the concept of fine-grain transactional programming is useful in catching buffer overrun errors through a number of real-life examples.
Identification and Characterization of a Non-retinoid Ligand for Retinol-binding Protein 4 Which Lowers Serum Retinol-binding Protein 4 Levels in Vivo (2009)

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice. We have identified A1120, a high affinity (K(i) = 8.3 nm) non-retinoid ligand for RBP4, which disrupts the interaction between RBP4 and its binding partner transthyretin. Analysis of the RBP4-A1120 co-crystal structure reveals that A1120 induces critical conformational changes at the RBP4-transthyretin interface. Administration of A1120 to mice lowers serum RBP4 and retinol levels but, unexpectedly, does not improve insulin sensitivity. In addition, we show that Rpb4(-/-) mice display normal insulin sensitivity and are not protected from high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. We conclude that lowering RBP4 levels does not improve insulin sensitivity in mice. Therefore, RBP4 lowering may not be an effective strategy for treating diabetes.
Convolutional Neural Network for the Detection of End-Diastole and End-Systole Frames in Free-Breathing Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2017)

Free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has short examination time with high reproducibility. Detection of the end-diastole and the end-systole frames of the free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance, supplemented by visual identification, is time consuming and laborious. We propose a novel method for automatic identification of both the end-diastole and the end-systole frames, in the free-breathing CMR imaging. The proposed technique utilizes the convolutional neural network to locate the left ventricle and to obtain the end-diastole and the end-systole frames from the respiratory motion signal. The proposed procedure works successfully on our free-breathing CMR data, and the results demonstrate a high degree of accuracy and stability. Convolutional neural network improves the postprocessing efficiency greatly and facilitates the clinical application of the free-breathing CMR imaging.
Prescription profiles for pharmacological treatment of Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia: comparison between 2007 and 2009 (2012)

The rate of use of antipsychotic monotherapy has gradually increased, although the total dose has not changed significantly. The increase in the concomitant use of two or more second-generation antipsychotics is a recent trend in Japan, despite the lack of information on the efficacy and safety of this treatment strategy.
Inhibition of calbindin D28K expression by cyclosporin A in rat kidney (1998)

A recent study by Steiner et al. (Biochem Pharmacol 51: 253-258, 1996) demonstrated a decreased calbindin D28K expression in the kidneys of cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated rats. To evaluate the association of renal calcium handling with calbindin D28K expression in CsA-treated rats, two separate experiments (vehicle [VH] versus CsA groups, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [VitD] versus VitD + CsA groups) were done simultaneously. CsA (25 mg/kg per d, subcutaneously) and VitD (0.5 microg/kg per d, subcutaneously) were given for 7 d. The CsA group showed decreased serum calcium, increased urine calcium excretion, and decreased calbindin D28K protein level and immunoreactivity compared with the VH group. The VitD + CsA treatment decreased serum calcium, increased urine calcium excretion, and decreased calbindin D28K protein level and immunoreactivity compared with the VitD alone. CsA treatment did not affect the serum parathyroid hormone and VitD levels. This study demonstrates an association of calbindin D28K expression with the urinary calcium excretion in CsA-treated rats, and suggests that decreased calbindin D28K expression may play a role in renal calcium wasting.
Cost-constrained selection of strand diameter and number in a litz-wire transformer winding (2002)

The design of litz-wire windings subject to cost constraints is analyzed. An approximation of normalized cost is combined with analysis of proximity effect losses to find combinations of strand number and diameter that optimally trade off cost and loss. The relationship between wire size, normalized cost and normalized loss is shown to have a general form that applies to a wide range of designs. A practical design procedure is provided, and applied to an example design, for which it leads to less than half the original loss at lower than the original cost, or under one fifth the original cost with the same loss as the original design.
Zur Reaktion von [η5-CpMCl4] (M = Nb, Ta) mit E(SiMe3)2 (E = S, Se) Die Kristallstrukturen von [Cp8Ta6S10], [Cp3Ta3S7Cl2], [Cp4Ta4S13] und [Cp3Nb3Se5Cl2] / Reaction of [η5-CpMCl4] (M = Nb, Ta) with E(SiMe3)2 (E = S, Se) The Crystal Structures of [Cp8Ta6S10][TaSCl5], [Cp3Ta3S7Cl2], [Cp4Ta4S13] and [Cp3Nb3Se5Cl2] (1989)

[η 5 -CpMCl 4 ] (M = Nb, Ta) reacts with E(SiMe 3 ) 2 (E = S, Se) to form different multinuclear clusters. The cation [Cp 8 Ta 6 S 10 ] 2+ (1) consists of a planar Ta 2 S 2 -ring of which each Ta is coordi-nated to two Cp 2 TaS 2 -fragments. [Cp 4 Ta 4 S 13 ] (3) can be derived from [Cp 3 Ta 3 S 7 Cl 2 ] (2) by addition of a CpTaS 6 -unit to a triangle of Ta-atoms bridged by S- and S 2 -ligands. The niobium atoms in [Cp 3 Nb 3 Se 5 Cl 2 ] (4) arrange in a chain structure with Nb coordination numbers varying from 4-6.
The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure for posttraumatic disorders of the distal radioulnar joint. (2004)

The authors report their experience with the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure for the management of posttraumatic disorders of the distal radioulnar joint in 20 patients. The mean age was 39 years (range, 19 to 62 years), the mean duration of follow-up was 76 months (range, 60-97 months) and the mean time interval between initial injury and the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure was 24 months (range, 6-120 months). Postoperatively all patients experienced relief of pain. Rotation of the forearm increased to near normal values. The patients scored an average of 77 points on the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (range, 65-95 points). Three patients had an excellent result, six had a good result, seven had a fair result and one had a poor result. There were no major complications. Fifteen of seventeen employed patients had returned to work. Eighteen of nineteen patients were very satisfied or satisfied by the result of surgery. The procedure performed satisfactorily in addressing posttraumatic problems of the distal radioulnar joint, but must still be considered a salvage procedure.
Polymorphisms of human nuclear receptors that control expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (2005)

Phenotypic variation in human drug metabolism frequently can be attributed to polymorphisms in genes that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). However, levels of Phase I and Phase II DMEs also vary because many of these enzymes are induced by a myriad of xenobiotic chemicals. Individual differences in the capacity for induction contribute to variation in drug metabolism in human populations. Induction is mediated by intracellular receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors, including several members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Genetic variations (SNPs and others) exist in genes that encode these human receptors but few of the known polymorphisms have any significant effect on enzyme induction. We suggest that the current scarcity of SNPs that are able to alter function in the DME-regulating NRs reflects considerable evolutionary selective pressures that conserve the key functional domains in these receptors.
Effects of Tip Clearance Gap and Exit Mach Number on Turbine Blade Tip and Near-Tip Heat Transfer (2013)

This study focuses on local heat transfer characteristics on the tip and near-tip regions of a turbine blade with a flat tip, tested under transonic conditions in a stationary, 2-D linear cascade with high freestream turbulence. The experiments were conducted at the Virginia Tech transonic blow-down wind tunnel facility. The effects of tip clearance and exit Mach number on heat transfer distribution were investigated on the tip surface using a transient infrared thermography technique. In addition, thin film gages were used to study similar effects in heat transfer on the near-tip regions at 94% height based on engine blade span of the pressure and suction sides. Surface oil flow visualizations on the blade tip region were carried-out to shed some light on the leakage flow structure. Experiments were performed at three exit Mach numbers of 0.7, 0.85, and 1.05 for two different tip clearances of 0.9% and 1.8% based on turbine blade span. The exit Mach numbers tested correspond to exit Reynolds numbers of 7.6 × 105, 9.0 × 105, and 1.1 × 106 based on blade true chord. The tests were performed with a high freestream turbulence intensity of 12% at the cascade inlet. Results at 0.85 exit Mach showed that an increase in the tip gap clearance from 0.9% to 1.8% translates into a 3% increase in the average heat transfer coefficients on the blade tip surface. At 0.9% tip clearance, an increase in exit Mach number from 0.85 to 1.05 led to a 39% increase in average heat transfer on the tip. High heat transfer was observed on the blade tip surface near the leading edge, and an increase in the tip clearance gap and exit Mach number augmented this near-leading edge tip heat transfer. At 94% of engine blade height on the suction side near the tip, a peak in heat transfer was observed in all test cases at s/C = 0.66, due to the onset of a downstream leakage vortex, originating from the pressure side. An increase in both the tip gap and exit Mach number resulted in an increase, followed by a decrease in the near-tip suction side heat transfer. On the near-tip pressure side, a slight increase in heat transfer was observed with increased tip gap and exit Mach number. In general, the suction side heat transfer is greater than the pressure side heat transfer, as a result of the suction side leakage vortices.
In Situ Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Carboxylate-Bearing, Siloxane-Anchored, Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Study of Carboxylate Reactivity and Acid-Base Properties (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn Situ Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Carboxylate-Bearing, Siloxane-Anchored, Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Study of Carboxylate Reactivity and Acid-Base PropertiesShih Song Cheng, Daniel A. Scherson, and Chaim N. SukenikCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 4, 1190–1195Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/la00004a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) directly enhances osteoclastic bone resorption and survival of mature osteoclasts (2000)

In bone development and regeneration, angiogenesis and bone/cartilage resorption are essential processes and are closely associated with each other, suggesting a common mediator for these two biological events. To address this interrelationship, we examined the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most critical growth factor for angiogenesis, on osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity in a culture of highly purified rabbit mature osteoclasts. VEGF caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in the area of bone resorption pits excavated by the isolated osteoclasts, partially by enhancing the survival of the cells. Two distinct VEGF receptors, KDR/Flk-1 and Flt-1, were detectable in osteoclasts at the gene and protein levels, and VEGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in osteoclasts. Thus, osteoclastic function and angiogenesis are up-regulated by a common mediator such as VEGF.
Electrical characteristics of highly reliable ultrathin hafnium oxide gate dielectric (2000)

Electrical and reliability properties of ultrathin HfO/sub 2/ have been investigated. Pt electroded MOS capacitors with HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric (physical thickness /spl sim/45-135 /spl Aring/ and equivalent oxide thickness /spl sim/13.5-25 /spl Aring/) were fabricated. HfO/sub 2/ was deposited using reactive sputtering of a Hf target with O/sub 2/ modulation technique. The leakage current of the 45 /spl Aring/ HfO/sub 2/ sample was about 1/spl times/10/sup -4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at +1.0 V with a breakdown field /spl sim/8.5 MV/cm. Hysteresis was <100 mV after 500/spl deg/C annealing in N/sub 2/ ambient and there was no significant frequency dispersion of capacitance (<1%/dec.). It was also found that HfO/sub 2/ exhibits negligible charge trapping and excellent TDDB characteristics with more than ten years lifetime even at V/sub DD/=2.0 V.
An expert system for analyzing firewall rules (2001)

When deploying firewalls in an organization, it is essential to verify that the firewalls are configured properly. The problem of finding out what a given firewall configuration does occurs, for instance, when a new network administrator takes over, or a third party performs a technical security audit for the organization. While the problem can be approached via testing, non-intrusive techniques are often preferred. Existing tools for analyzing firewall configurations usually rely on hard-coded algorithms for analyzing access lists. In this paper we present a tool based on constraint logic programming (CLP) which allows the user to write higher level operations for, e.g., detecting common configuration mistakes. Our tool understands Cisco router access lists, and it is implemented using Eclipse, a constraint logic programming language. The problem of analyzing firewall configurations lends itself quite naturally to be solved by an expert system. We found it surprisingly easy to use logic statements to express knowledge on networking, firewalls, and common configuration mistakes, for instance. Using an existing generic inference engine allowed us to focus on defining the core concepts and relationships in the knowledge base. 1
Stripping Voltammetric Detection of Mercury(II) Based on a Bimetallic Au−Pt Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2009)

A new, highly sensitive and selective sensor for the electrochemical assay of Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry has been developed, whereby a glassy carbon electrode is modified with a novel inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite, namely, bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles/organic nanofibers (labeled as Au-PtNPs/NFs). The sensor possesses a three-dimensional (3D) porous network nanoarchitecture, in which the bimetallic Au-Pt NPs serving as metal NP-based microelectrode ensembles are homogenously distributed in the matrix of interlaced organic NFs. The surface structure and composition of the sensor were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Its electrochemical performance was systematically investigated. Our results show that such a newly designed, Au-PtNPs/NF nanohybrid modified electrode provides remarkably improved sensitivity and selectivity for the stripping assay of Hg(II). The detection limit is found to be as low as 0.008 ppb (S/N = 3) that is much below the guideline value from the World Health Organization (WHO). Interferences from other heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) ions associated with mercury analysis are effectively inhibited. Toward the goal for practical applications, the sensor was further evaluated by monitoring Hg(II) in tap and river water specimens.
Urine composition in rats with adenine-induced renal failure during treatment with rhubarb extract. (1984)

The effect of rhubarb extract on the urinary constituents was examined in rats with renal failure induced by adenine. Administration of the rhubarb extract markedly increased the urinary excretion of both urea and creatinine, indicating an improvement of renal clearance in the uremic state. Furthermore, a number of significant differences in the amino acid levels in the urine were observed. Among the essential amino acids, the urinary outputs of threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, and methionine were remarkably lower in the rhubarb extract-treated group than in the control group. Outputs of inessential amino acids (alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and cysteine) were also strikingly reduced after the treatment. In addition. the amount of urinary Ca was significantly reduced in the rhubarb extract-treated rats. while urinary inorganic phosphate was significantly elevated. A marked decrease of 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine excretion in the urine was noticed. However, no changes were seen in the urinary excretions of protein, glucose, Na, and K throughout the experimental period.
Measurement of compensatory arterial remodelling over time with serial coronary computed tomography angiography and 3D metrics (2021)

Over time, atherosclerotic coronary plaque reveals prominent outward arterial remodelling that co-occurs with modest luminal narrowing. These findings provide additional insight into the compensatory mechanisms involved in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Antibodies against a short region of PfRipr inhibit Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion and PfRipr interaction with Rh5 and SEMA7A (2020)

Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion into erythrocytes is an essential step of the blood-stage cycle, survival of parasites, and malaria pathogenesis. P. falciparum merozoite Rh5 interacting protein (PfRipr) forms a complex with Rh5 and CyRPA in sequential molecular events leading to erythrocyte invasion. Recently we described PfRipr as a conserved protein that induces strain-transcending growth inhibitory antibodies in in vitro assays. However, being a large and complex protein of 1086 amino acids (aa) with 87 cysteine residues, PfRipr is difficult to express in conventional expression systems towards vaccine development. In this study we sought to identify the most potent region of PfRipr that could be developed to overcome difficulties related to protein expression, as well as to elucidate the invasion inhibitory mechanism of anti-PfRipr antibodies. Using the wheat germ cell-free system, Ecto- PfRipr and truncates of approximately 200 aa were expressed as soluble proteins. We demonstrate that antibodies against PfRipr truncate 5 (PfRipr_5: C<sub>720</sub>-D<sub>934</sub>), a region within the PfRipr C-terminal EGF-like domains, potently inhibit merozoite invasion. Furthermore, the antibodies strongly block PfRipr/Rh5 interaction, as well as that between PfRipr and its erythrocyte-surface receptor, SEMA7A. Taken together, PfRipr_5 is a potential candidate for further development as a blood-stage malaria vaccine.