gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dietary Alginate on the Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolic Activity in Humans (1995)

The effects of alginate consumption on the faecal microbiota and faecal metabolic activity were studied in eight healthy male volunteers who consumed a mixed free choice diet (control diet) for 1 wk before and after alginate consumption, and the diet with additional 10 g alginate once a day for 2 wks. During alginate consumption, the levels of bifidobacteria increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the levels of Enterobacteriaceae and the frequency of occurrence of lecithinase-negative clostridia showed tendencies to decrease. No detectable change occurred in the levels or the incidence of other microorganisms throughout the experimental period. Faecal sulphide, phenol, p-cresol, and indole were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) during alginate consumption. After 2 wks of alginate consumption, faecal concentrations of ammonia and skatole were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas the values of acetic and propionic acids were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The water content and weight of the faeces were slightly increased to some extent during the consumption. The odour of the faeces decreased markedly during alginate consumption.
Duration of etomidate-induced adrenocortical suppression during surgery in dogs (1990)

Plasma cortisol concentrations were compared in canine surgical patients given etomidate (2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) or thiopental sodium (12 mg/kg, IV) for anesthetic induction. Blood samples to determine plasma concentrations of etomidate were obtained at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after induction. Adrenocortical function was evaluated before surgery by use of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests. Dogs in both induction groups had high plasma cortisol concentrations after induction. Dogs given thiopental had a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in plasma cortisol concentration from baseline at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 hours after induction. Dogs given etomidate had a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in plasma cortisol concentration from baseline at 5, 6, and 8 hours after induction. A comparison of plasma cortisol concentrations determined at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after induction with thiopental or etomidate revealed a higher (P less than 0.05) concentration in dogs given thiopental. The disposition of etomidate was best described by a 2-compartment model, with a redistribution half-life of 0.12 +/- 0.04 minute and a terminal half-life of 1.70 +/- 0.27 minute. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not correlate with plasma etomidate concentrations. We conclude that, compared with thiopental, a single bolus injection of etomidate reduces the adrenocortical response to anesthesia and surgery from 2 to 6 hours after induction. Because cortisol concentrations were significantly higher than baseline, and because cardiopulmonary function is maintained after a single bolus injection of etomidate, it can be considered a safe induction agent in dogs.
Increased AGE-RAGE ratio in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2016)

All of these findings suggest a possible role of the increased ratio AGEs-RAGEs in IPF, which could be a relevant accelerating aging tissue reaction in the abnormal wound healing of the lung fibrotic process.
Structural Investigation of 5-Hydrazono-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones and 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoline-2,5(1H)-diones (1997)

Substituted 2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones are useful synthons and have potential as biologically active compounds. In order to characterize the transformation of benzopyran-2,5 diones with a heterocyclic hydrazine to 2H-1-quinoline-2,5-diones and 5-hydrazono-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones we have studied structural parameters of the products using 2D NMR techniques in solution combined with computational tools. Molecular modeling based on experimentally determined NOE distance restraints enabled determination of solution structures of two compounds: N-[1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-[(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)amino]-7-methyl-2,5-dioxo-3-quinolinyl]benzamide and N-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-[(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)hydrazono]-7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]benzamide.
Biologically Active Cannabinoids from High-Potency Cannabis sativa (2009)

Nine new cannabinoids (1-9) were isolated from a high-potency variety of Cannabis sativa. Their structures were identified as (+/-)-4-acetoxycannabichromene (1), (+/-)-3''-hydroxy-Delta((4'',5''))-cannabichromene (2), (-)-7-hydroxycannabichromane (3), (-)-7R-cannabicoumarononic acid A (4), 5-acetyl-4-hydroxycannabigerol (5), 4-acetoxy-2-geranyl-5-hydroxy-3-n-pentylphenol (6), 8-hydroxycannabinol (7), 8-hydroxycannabinolic acid A (8), and 2-geranyl-5-hydroxy-3-n-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone (9) through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and HRESIMS. The known sterol beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-6'-acetate was isolated for the first time from cannabis. Compounds 6 and 7 displayed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively, while 5 displayed strong antileishmanial activity.
Normal Neurodevelopment and Fertility in Juvenile Male Rats Exposed to Polyethylene Glycol Following Dosing With PEGylated rFIX (Nonacog Beta Pegol, N9-GP): Evidence from a 10-Week Repeat-Dose Toxicity Study (2022)

N9-GP/Rebinyn<sup>®</sup>/Refixia<sup>®</sup> is an approved PEGylated (polyethylene glycol-conjugated) recombinant human factor IX intended for prophylactic and/or on-demand treatment in adults and children with haemophilia B. A juvenile neurotoxicity study was conducted in male rats to evaluate effects on neurodevelopment, sexual maturation, and fertility following repeat-dosing of N9-GP. Male rats were dosed twice weekly from Day 21 of age with N9-GP or vehicle for 10 weeks, followed by a dosing-free recovery period for 13 weeks and terminated throughout the dosing and recovery periods. Overall, dosing N9-GP to juvenile rats did not result in any functional or pathological effects, as measured by neurobehavioural/neurocognitive tests, including motor activity, sensory function, learning and memory as well as growth, sexual maturation, and fertility. This was further supported by the extensive histopathologic evaluation of brain tissue. Exposure and distribution of polyethylene glycol was investigated in plasma, choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain sections. PEG did not cross the blood brain barrier and PEG exposure did not result in any effects on neurodevelopment. In conclusion, dosing of N9-GP to juvenile rats did not identify any effects on growth, sexual maturation and fertility, clinical and histological pathology, or neurodevelopment related to PEG exposure and supports the prophylactic use of N9-GP in children.
Histological fixation by microwave heating. (1970)

Heat can effect the partial denaturation of protein that is the basis of histological fixation. An objection to conventional forms of heating is that only small specimens can be used, as heat conduction is poor in biological materials.
Immunoglobulin G Subclass Antibodies against Excretory/Secretory Antigens of Ancylostoma caninum in Human Enteric Infections (1996)

Most patients with proven or suspected enteric infection with the common hookworm of dogs, Ancylostoma caninum, produce immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE antibodies to an immunodominant excretory/secretory antigen (Ac68) of the parasite. These antibodies were detected in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blots; the Western blot to detect IgG antibodies to Ac68 was the most specific and sensitive. The subclasses of IgG of the antibody response to the parasite were analyzed using Western blots with anti-IgG subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies as marker systems in an attempt to further improve the specificity of the assay. Eight patients with confirmed enteric infections with A. caninum (positive controls) were tested; six had antibodies in all IgG subclasses against Ac68. Twenty sera from patients with suspected enteric infection with A. caninum (manifested as eosinophilic enteritis or unexplained abdominal pain with peripheral eosinophilia) were tested; 16 had total IgG antibodies to Ac68, while IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 responses were found in 11, 10, 9, and 12 of these sera, respectively. Small numbers of sera from groups of patients infected with other helminths and from healthy blood donors had various combinations of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies to Ac68, but none of these sera had IgG4 antibodies to Ac68. Sera from all nine patients with human hookworm infection had IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies to Ac68 and eight of the nine were also positive for IgG4 antibodies. These results indicate the Western blot to detect IgG4 antibodies to Ac68 is the most reliable immunodiagnostic test yet described for enteric infection with A. caninum, although this test does not discriminate between infections with human and canine hookworms.
A Combinatory Ferroelectric Compound Bridging Simple ABO3 and A-site-Ordered Qudruple Perovskite (2020)

Abstract The simple ABO 3 and A-site-ordered AA′ 3 B 4 O 12 perovskites represent two types of the most classical perovskite-based functional materials. While there are well-known simple perovskites with ferroelectric properties, so far there is no report of ferrolectricity due to symmetry breaking transition in A-site-ordered quadruple perovskites, AA′ 3 B 4 O 12 . Here we report the synthesis at high pressure and temperature of a new A-site-ordered perovskite, PbHg 3 Ti 4 O 12 . Remarkably, PbHg 3 Ti 4 O 12 is the only known quadruple perovskite that transforms from a high-temperature centrosymmetric ( Im-3 ), paraelectric phase to a low-temperature, non-centrosymmetric ( Imm2 ) ferroelectric phase. Moreover, the average ionic radius of A-site cations for PbHg 3 Ti 4 O 12 is large~ 1.1 Å and the tolerance factor t is about 0.88. Surprisingly the coordination chemistry of Hg 2+ is changed from the usual square planar as in typical A-site-ordered quadruple perovskite to a rare stereo type with 8 ligands in PbHg 3 Ti 4 O 12 driven via pressures. Thus PbHg 3 Ti 4 O 12 appears to be a combinatory link from simple ATiO 3 perovskite to AA′ 3 B 4 O 12 type A-site-ordered perovskites, sharing both displacive ferroelectricity with the former and the structure coordination with the latter. This is the first example of ferroelectricity due to a symmetry breaking phase transition in AA′ 3 B 4 O 12 -type A-site-ordered perovskite, and opens a new direction to search for ferroelectric materials in combinatory perovskites.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of closo- and exo-nido-Lanthanacarboranes (1997)

Treatment of anhydrous LaCl3 with 1 equiv of Na2[7,8-R2-nido-7,8-R2C2B9H9] in THF afforded sandwich complexes closo-{(THF)2Na}{(R2C2B9H9)2La(THF)2} (R = H (1), R = C6H5CH2 (2)) in good yield. Reaction of SmI2 with an equimolar amount of Na2[7,8-nido-7,8-(C6H5CH2)2C2B9H9] in THF, followed by the addition of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), generated the dimeric exo-nido-[((C6H5CH2)2C2B9H9)Sm(DME)2]2·DME (3) in 70% yield. All complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 11B NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as complexometric metal analyses. The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 3 were further confirmed by X-ray analyses. The coordination geometry of complex 1 is best described as distorted tetrahedral with two η5-bonded C2B9H11 ligands and two coordinated THF molecules. In the centrosymmetric dimer 3, each of the two dibenzyldicarbollide ligands serves as a bridging ligand for two Sm atoms while bonding to one via upper belt B−H bonds (containing two carbon atoms) and the other through lower belt B−H bonds.
Conessine as a novel inhibitor of multidrug efflux pump systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2017)

The results suggested that conessine could be applied as a novel efflux pump inhibitor to restore antibiotic activity by inhibiting efflux pump systems in P. aeruginosa. The findings speculated that conessine may also have a potential to be active against homologous resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family in other Gram-negative pathogens.
Temporal-DCT-based compression of 3D dynamic meshes (2006)

This paper introduces a new compression scheme for 3D dynamic meshes with constant connectivity and time-varying geometry. The proposed approach, referred to as Temporal-CT encoder (TDCT), combines a piecewise affine prediction scheme with a temporal DCT-based compression of the prediction errors. Experiments show that TDCT achieves up to 70% and 54% lower compression distortions than the GV and MCGV approaches, while outperforming (47% to 95% lower distortions) RT, MPEG-4/AFX-IC, D3DMC and Dynapack techniques.
Architecture of full-mesh WDM-PON with protection (2008)

WDM-PON is a powerful candidate for the future access network. This paper introduces an architecture for a full-mesh WDM-PON with protection route and verifies its feasibility by the WTM method.
Magnetic properties and microstructure of the granular films processed by annealing FePt-based multilayers (2005)

To explore the possibility of FePt-based soft/hard nanocomposite magnets, granular films were prepared by annealing Pt/Fe, FePt/Fe, and FePt/Fe/sub 3/Pt multilayers. Although a high coercivity of 12 kOe was obtained by annealing the Fe/sub 3/Pt/FePt multilayers, only a small remanence was obtained due to random orientation of L1/sub 0/ FePt grains. By introducing oxygen during the film deposition, a few nanometer oxide particles were observed within the FePt grains and H/sub c/ increased at the expense of M/sub r/. A possible way to achieve a higher value of (BH)/sub max/ is discussed based on the relationship between the microstructure and magnetic properties.
Asymmetric Synthesis with the EnzymeCoprinusPeroxidase:  Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Hydroperoxides and Enantioselective Sulfoxidation (1999)

The enzyme Coprinus peroxidase (CiP) was employed for the kinetic resolution of racemic hydroperoxides 1 and the asymmetric sulfoxidation of prochiral sulfides 4. Eleven hydroperoxides 1a-k were reduced by CiP and guaiacol as reductant under conditions of kinetic resolution with enantioselectivities of up to >98% for the (S)-hydroperoxide 1 and 90% for the (R)-alcohol 2. In the absence of a reductant, the hydroperoxide 1a afforded with CiP enantiomerically enriched hydroperoxide 1a (ee up to 54%) and alcohol 2a (ee up to 40%), as well as ketone 3a (which is also formed simultaneously in all other reactions) and molecular oxygen. Catalase activity was established for CiP with hydrogen peroxide. When aryl alkyl sulfides 4 were used as oxygen acceptors, three products, sulfoxides 5, alcohols 2, and hydroperoxides 1, were obtained, all in enantiomerically enriched form. The highest ee value (89%) was achieved for the sulfoxide derived from naphthyl methyl sulfide (4f). Thus, CiP may be utilized for the asymmetric synthesis of optically active hydroperoxides 1, alcohols 2, and sulfoxides 5.
Structural characterization of epitaxial γ-Ta2N thin films and AlN/γ-Ta2N heterostructures on SiC substrates (2023)

Tantalum nitride (γ-Ta2N) thin films were grown by radiofrequency plasma molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on 3 in. diameter 6H- or 4H-SiC substrates. Epitaxial characteristics of these MBE grown layers were determined using high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. HRXRD, TEM, and XRD reciprocal space map measurements show that γ-Ta2N on SiC grows pseudomorphically and stabilizes to a nearly pure γ-Ta2N phase. Structural properties of these layers are uniform across the 3 in. wafer diameter. Measured a and c lattice parameter values of a 43 nm thick γ-Ta2N film on 6H-SiC are 3.079 and 4.898 Å, respectively, and the film has an in-plane tensile strain of 1.03%. MBE growth of AlN/ γ-Ta2N /SiC heterostructures has also been demonstrated. Measured lattice a and c constants of AlN on γ-Ta2N /SiC are 3.120 and 4.974 Å, respectively. TEM and XRD show that SiC substrate and γ-Ta2N films have parallel epitaxial relation.
Curcumin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via Inhibition of PI3-Kinase/AKT Pathway in B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2019)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a significant cancer of children resulting from the clonal proliferation of lymphoid precursors with arrested maturation. Although chemotherapeutic approaches have been achieving successful remission for the majority of cases of childhood ALL, development of resistance to chemotherapy has been observed. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are required to improve patient's prognosis. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer potential of curcumin in ALL. We tested a panel of B-precursor ALL (B-Pre-ALL) cell lines with various translocations after treatment with different doses of curcumin. Curcumin suppresses the viability in a concentration-dependent manner in 697, REH, SupB15, and RS4;11 cells (doses from 0 to 80 μM). Curcumin induces apoptosis in B-Pre-ALL cell lines via activation of caspase-8 and truncation of BID. Curcumin treatment increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and resulted in a leaky mitochondrial membrane that led to the discharge of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, the activation of caspase 3 and the cleavage of PARP. Curcumin treatment of B-Pre-ALL cell lines induced a dephosphorylation of the constitutive phosphorylated AKT/PKB and a down-regulation of the expression of cIAP1, and XIAP. Moreover, curcumin mediates its anticancer activity by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Finally, the suboptimal doses of curcumin potentiated the anticancer activity of cisplatin. Altogether, these results suggest an important therapeutic role of curcumin, acting as a growth suppressor of B-Pre-ALL by apoptosis via inactivation of AKT/PKB and down-regulation of IAPs and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway via generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Our interesting findings raise the possibility of considering curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of B-Pre-ALL.
Fast on-line learning for multilingual categorization (2012)

Multiview learning has been shown to be a natural and efficient framework for supervised or semi-supervised learning of multilingual document categorizers. The state-of-the-art co-regularization approach relies on alternate minimizations of a combination of language-specific categorization errors and a disagreement between the outputs of the monolingual text categorizers. This is typically solved by repeatedly training categorizers on each language with the appropriate regularizer. We extend and improve this approach by introducing an on-line learning scheme, where language-specific updates are interleaved in order to iteratively optimize the global cost in one pass. Our experimental results show that this produces similar performance as the batch approach, at a fraction of the computational cost.
Effect of microtextured surfaces on the performance of percutaneous devices (2005)

Along the percutaneous part of implantable devices, like (semi-)permanent catheters, epithelial downgrowth can occur. This process can eventually lead to implant loss. Various treatments for the catheter surface have been proposed, to improve their performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of a microgroove pattern on the tube surface, on epithelial downgrowth. Catheterlike implants were made of silicone tubes, with anchoring cuffs made of titanium-fiber mesh. A thin sheet of silicone with microgrooves was applied on the tubes. Two types of texturing were used, a square groove of 10 microm wide and 1 microm deep; or a V-shaped groove of 40 microm wide. The grooves were directed either along the long axis of the catheter tube (grooves perpendicular to the skin surface) or circling around the catheter (grooves directed parallel to the skin surface). As controls, catheters with a smooth outer surface were used. Implants were placed in 30 rats, with a follow-up period of 9 weeks. During this time, animals were inspected biweekly, and catheter exit sites were evaluated using a scoring system. At the end of the 9-week period the implants and surrounding tissues were processed for histological evaluation. For the clinical evaluation of the exit sites, no statistical differences were found between the study groups. Histologically, epithelial downgrowth was observed for all samples. The histomorphometrical measurements showed that there were no differences in downgrowth between the smooth and parallel-grooved catheters. However, there was increased epithelial downgrowth along the catheters with grooves perpendicular to the skin. In conclusion, a grooved microtexture can direct epithelial tissue ingrowth, but this study found no beneficial effects of the guidance phenomenon.
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnWO4:Er3+Crystals (2013)

Erbium ion- (Er 3+ -) doped ZnWO 4 crystals were synthesized via a hydrothermal method with different erbium concentrations. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. For ZnWO 4 :Er 3+ crystals, a pure phase of ZnWO 4 was obtained without any evidence of impurity present. The SEM images show that the grain size and morphology of ZnWO 4 :Er 3+ material depends on the Er 3+ -dopant concentration. The UV-Vis spectra of ZnWO 4 :Er 3+ compounds exhibited an absorption band at about 323 nm (3.83 eV) stemming from the [WO 4 ] 2− . Other absorption bands centered at 367, 379, 408, 490, and 522 nm are related to Er 3+ -ion transitions. Room temperature PL spectra of the ZnWO 4 :Er 3+ compounds exhibited visible emission at 515–540 and 545–565 nm corresponding to the 2 H 11/2 − 4 I 15/2 and 4 S 3/2 − 4 I 15/2 transitions of Er 3+ ions, respectively.
1503 Development of a Local Active Tactile Sensor with Fluid (2008)

This paper presents a local active tactile sensor with fluid for measuring hardness and surface conditions such as slimy, smooth, and others. This sensor is made of a silicone balloon catheter. The balloon is contacted with a soft object and expanded by using liquid. In the process of the expansion, the balloon pushes the object and the contact surface slips or fixes. This phenomenon depends on hardness and surface conditions of the object. The expansion can be evaluated by measuring the flow of the liquid. Experiments using the sensor are carried out on soft samples with various hardness and surface conditions. Results show that the sensor has a potential to measure these tactile information. Furthermore, the balloon that is the sensing element is very soft and flexible and does not need electricity. This sensor is available as a medical sensor since it provides safety for tissues.
Power Efficient Approaches to Redundant Multithreading (2007)

Noise and radiation-induced soft errors (transient faults) in computer systems have increased significantly over the last few years and are expected to increase even more as we move towards smaller transistor sizes and lower supply voltages. Fault detection and recovery can be achieved through redundancy. The emergence of chip multiprocessors (CMPs) makes it possible to execute redundant threads on a chip and provide relatively low-cost reliability. State-of-the-art implementations execute two copies of the same program as two threads (redundant multithreading), either on the same or on separate processor cores in a CMP, and periodically check results. While this solution has favorable performance and reliability properties, every redundant instruction flows through a high-frequency complex outof- order pipeline, thereby incurring a high power consumption penalty. This paper proposes mechanisms that attempt to provide reliability at a modest power and complexity cost. When executing a redundant thread, the trailing thread benefits from the information produced by the leading thread. We take advantage of this property and comprehensively study different strategies to reduce the power overhead of the trailing core in a CMP. These strategies include dynamic frequency scaling, in-order execution, and parallelization of the trailing thread.