gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure and Mutational Analysis of the Lactococcin A Immunity Protein (2016)

The class IId bacteriocin lactococcin A and the pediocin-like bacteriocins induce membrane leakage and cell death by specifically binding the mannose phophotransferase system (man-PTS) on their target cells. The bacteriocins' cognate immunity proteins that protect the producer cell from its own bacteriocin recognize and bind to the bacteriocin-man-PTS complex and thereby block membrane leakage. In this study, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the lactococcin A immunity protein (LciA) by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LciA forms a four-helix bundle structure with a flexible C-terminal tail. Despite the low degree of sequence similarity between LciA and the pediocin-like immunity proteins, they share the same fold. However, there are certain differences between the structures. The C-terminal helix in LciA is considerably shorter than that observed in the pediocin-like immunity proteins, and the surface potentials of the immunity proteins differ. Truncated variants of LciA in which 6 or 10 of the C-terminal residues were removed yielded a reduced degree of protection, indicating that the unstructured C-terminal tail is important for the functionality of the immunity proteins.
The ambiguity function of a linear signal space and its application to maximum-likelihood range/Doppler estimation (2003)

The concept of the ambiguity function (AF) is extended to linear signal spaces. Some properties of the AF of a linear signal space, its relations with other space representations, and the results obtained for some specific signal spaces are discussed. It is shown that the AF of a signal space describes the performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) range/Doppler estimator for a slowly fluctuating point target when a series of orthogonal signal pulses are transmitted. This multipulse estimator is more accurate than a conventional signal-pulse estimator since the AF of a linear signal space may have arbitrarily good thumbtack shape.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
INTRODUCING INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: PARADIGM FOR 21ST CENTURY TRANSPORTATION (2002)

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) offer the opportunity to integrate the transportation through advanced traffic management systems, advanced traveler information systems, advanced vehicle control and safety systems, and other applications. Advocating system thinking, the author outlines promising directions for ITS research and development, which should proceed in tandem with deployment and operations.
Comparison of Dapivirine Vaginal Gel and Film Formulation Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (FAME 02B) (2016)

While preexposure prophylaxis with oral tenofovir/emtricitabine reduces HIV acquisition rates, poor adherence to and acceptability of vaginal gels and the potential for evolving drug resistance have led to development of vaginal film formulations and other antiretroviral drugs, respectively, including the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor dapivirine. In this two-arm crossover study of a novel fast-dissolving dapivirine film and a previously studied semisolid dapivirine gel, 10 healthy women received a single 1.25 mg vaginal dose of each study product; one withdrew after the first dose. Clinical, pharmacokinetic, and antiviral pharmacodynamic assessments (ex vivo HIV-BaL challenge of tissue explants) were performed over 168 h postdose. Six of ten participants experienced mild to moderate adverse effects, similar between products, with no severe adverse events or adverse events attributed to study products. There were no statistically significant differences in plasma, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF), or cervical tissue dapivirine concentrations between the gel and film (all p > .05). CVF dapivirine concentrations were 1.5 and 6 log<sub>10</sub> greater than tissue and plasma concentrations, respectively (p < .001). Both film and gel demonstrated reduced cervical tissue infectivity after ex vivo HIV challenge 5 h postdose, compared to baseline and 72-h postdose biopsies (p < .05 for gel, p = .06 for film). There was no difference in ex vivo explant HIV challenge between gel and film. The dapivirine film and gel performed similarly in terms of tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effect. Dapivirine film may provide an alternative to pharmacokinetically comparable dapivirine gel formulations. Effectiveness remains to be tested.
Interaction of Ba Atoms and Ba(+) Ions with Inert Gases (1991)

Abstract : This report describes four different experiments. The majority of the experiments involve the interaction of Barium and Barium + with each other, with noble gas atoms, with electrons, and with electromagnetic fields.
System architecture of modern control centers (2008)

Interoperability, resilience, security, scalability, and flexibility are key requirements of modern control centers for transmission and/or distribution networks. These characteristics mean that the architecture is capable of seamless integration of multi-vendor solutions, easy integration of third-party or self-developed applications, meets the needs of small and large users alike, uses a common set of components and products, and - last but not least - enables the easy addition, removal, replacement, or upgrade of its components, without a wholesale change of the system. The paper presents both the solution concepts of an innovative control center architecture that meets these requirements and the description of real projects that are currently under implementation.
Evaluation of homoarginine as a marker for the determination of endogenous amino acid concentrations in poultry excreta (1997)

1. Endogenous amino acid losses in ileal digesta and excreta of adults cockerels fed on diets containing guanidinated forms of casein, soyabean meal and cottonseed meal were determined using homoarginine as a marker. 2. The ileal endogenous amino acid losses were markedly higher (P < 0.001) in birds given the cottonseed meal diet compared to those given the other two diets. The ileal endogenous protein was rich in aspartic acid, serine and glutamic acid. 3. Negative values were obtained for endogenous amino acid output in excreta. These aberrant values were caused by high concentrations of homoarginine in the excreta. A subsequent study with broiler chickens showed that the homoarginine in excreta was of urinary origin. 4. These results indicate that the homoarginine technique is not suitable for determining endogenous amino acid losses in excreta, but applicable when determinations are made in the terminal ileum.
Gas transport controlled synthesis of graphene by employing a micro-meter scale gap jig (2013)

The effect of gas transport inside a micrometer-scale jig gap on the growth of graphene on Cu foil located in the gap is reported. Due to the small size of the gap, a boundary layer is fully developed inside the gap, and the gas molecule transport is controlled by the molecular flow. Moreover, the conductance of the gas molecules can be tuned by decreasing the gap spacing from 1 mm to 100 μm. First, the Cu surface is protected from the sublimation and re-deposition of Cu during pre-annealing, which results from the relatively static gas environment of the molecular gas flow. Second, suppression of the gas conductance resulted in strongly reduced overall graphene coverage with a smaller average grain size but with almost the same density as that of the graphene nuclei. Furthermore, the suppression of gas conductance leads to the formation of well-bounded graphene morphology instead of a dendritic morphology. We will describe how these results contribute to the overall understanding of the mechanism of graphene growth on Cu foil.
Astemizole Synergizes Calcitriol Antiproliferative Activity by Inhibiting CYP24A1 and Upregulating VDR: A Novel Approach for Breast Cancer Therapy (2012)

Astemizole synergized calcitriol antiproliferative effects by downregulating CYP24A1, upregulating VDR and targeting Eag1. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in astemizole-calcitriol combined antineoplastic effect, offering scientific support to test both compounds in combination in further preclinical and clinical studies of neoplasms expressing VDR and Eag1. VDR-negative tumors might also be sensitized to calcitriol antineoplastic effects by the use of astemizole. Herein we suggest a novel combined adjuvant therapy for the management of VDR/Eag1-expressing breast cancer tumors. Since astemizole improves calcitriol bioavailability and activity, decreased calcitriol dosing is advised for conjoint administration.
Manipulation of the unfolded protein response: A pharmacological strategy against coronavirus infection (2021)

Coronavirus infection induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular signalling pathway composed of three branches, triggered by unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to high ER load. We have used RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling to investigate holistically the transcriptional and translational response to cellular infection by murine hepatitis virus (MHV), often used as a model for the Betacoronavirus genus to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 also belongs. We found the UPR to be amongst the most significantly up-regulated pathways in response to MHV infection. To confirm and extend these observations, we show experimentally the induction of all three branches of the UPR in both MHV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Over-expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 or S proteins alone is itself sufficient to induce the UPR. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of the UPR greatly reduced the replication of both MHV and SARS-CoV-2, revealing the importance of this pathway for successful coronavirus replication. This was particularly striking when both IRE1α and ATF6 branches of the UPR were inhibited, reducing SARS-CoV-2 virion release (~1,000-fold). Together, these data highlight the UPR as a promising antiviral target to combat coronavirus infection.
Design of nanostructurated PA12/polydimethylsiloxane blends by reactive extrusion (2004)

International audience
Alloantigen-enhanced accumulation of CCR5+‘effector’ regulatory T cells in the gravid uterus (2006)

Regulatory T cells play an essential role in preventing fetal rejection by the maternal immune system. Here we show that, based on the expression of CCR5, regulatory T cells can be divided into a highly suppressive CCR5+ and a far less suppressive CCR5- subpopulation, suggesting that the former represent the effector arm of regulatory T cells. Although regulatory T cells from CCR5-/- gene deletion mutants still suppress, they are less effective mediators of maternal-fetal tolerance. The accumulation of CCR5+ regulatory T cells at this site appears to be enhanced by alloantigen. This finding is in stark contrast to the systemic expansion of regulatory T cells during pregnancy, which appears to be alloantigen-independent. The fact that CCR5+ regulatory T cells preferentially accumulate in the gravid uterus and that expression of CCR5 on regulatory T cells can be induced by activation lead us to propose that CCR5 is responsible for the accumulation of those regulatory T cells that have been activated by paternal antigens.
Ischemic damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain favors opening of the permeability transition pore (2008)

Myocardial ischemia (ISC) damages the electron transport chain (ETC). Blockade of the ETC during ISC at complex I with amobarbital (AMO) protects against ETC damage during ISC and decreases necrosis measured after reperfusion (REP). Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a key mechanism of REP injury. We hypothesized that ischemic ETC damage leads to MPTP opening as a mechanism of REP injury. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused for 15 min. followed by 30 min. stop‐flow ISC at 37°C (ISC alone) or given 2.5 mM AMO for 1 min. immediately before ISC. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) were isolated after ISC. AMO treatment protected respiration (nAO/mg/min) with glutamate (complex I) and TMPD‐ascorbate (complex IV) as substrates. MPTP opening was assessed by detecting mitochondrial swelling by 200 uM calcium (% change of AU/mg/min). AMO inhibition of ETC during ISC attenuated swelling of SSM. Protection of the ETC during ISC significantly decreased MPTP opening. Ischemic damage to ETC promotes MPTP opening as a mechanism of mitochondrial‐dependent cardiac injury during REP, translating ischemic ETC damage into REP injury. SSM Glutamate TMPD‐asc Swelling ISC (n=5) 110±9 360±21 15.1±3.4 AMO (n=4) 185±29* 554±17* 4.0±1.8* ±SEM; *p&lt;0.05 vs. ISC
Productive efficiency and growth policies for the Caribbean (2000)

Productive (economic) efficiency and factors affecting it was evaluated in the Caribbean between 1983 to 1992. Results from non-parametric programming indicated that efficiency (i.e. pure technical, allocative and economic) measures were lower and more variable in Caribbean than in other Western Hemisphere countries (i.e. North America and Latin America). Tobit regression analysis indicated higher levels of private and foreign investments, productive infrastructure, credit availability, education level, and consumption of domestically produced goods had positive impacts on the efficiency measures. On the other hand, higher levels of public expenditure, income tax, and export taxes, and higher inflation rates had negative effects. These results support the current trend towards advocating more open economies (i.e. letting the free market work) and encouraging governments to confine their functions to facilitative/regulatory type roles and to undertaking tasks that are not generally undertaken by the private sector (e.g. developing infrastructure, providing education). Although, generally, the same factors were associated with efficiency in the Caribbean and Latin America, their relative impacts differed. Consequently, in order to improve efficiency in the Caribbean countries, relatively greater emphasis should be placed on encouraging foreign and private investment and developing infrastructure than would be the case in Latin American countries.
Loss of function of KIAA2022 causes mild to severe intellectual disability with an autism spectrum disorder and impairs neurite outgrowth (2013)

Existence of a discrete new X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndrome due to KIAA2022 deficiency was questioned by disruption of KIAA2022 by an X-chromosome pericentric inversion in a XLID family we reported in 2004. Three additional families with likely pathogenic KIAA2022 mutations were discovered within the frame of systematic parallel sequencing of familial cases of XLID or in the context of routine array-CGH evaluation of sporadic intellectual deficiency (ID) cases. The c.186delC and c.3597dupA KIAA2022 truncating mutations were identified by X-chromosome exome sequencing, while array CGH discovered a 70 kb microduplication encompassing KIAA2022 exon 1 in the third family. This duplication decreased KIAA2022 mRNA level in patients' lymphocytes by 60%. Detailed clinical examination of all patients, including the two initially reported, indicated moderate-to-severe ID with autistic features, strabismus in all patients, with no specific dysmorphic features other than a round face in infancy and no structural brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interestingly, the patient with decreased KIAA2022 expression had only mild ID with severe language delay and repetitive behaviors falling in the range of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Since little is known about KIAA2022 function, we conducted morphometric studies in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We found that siRNA-mediated KIAA2022 knockdown resulted in marked impairment in neurite outgrowth including both the dendrites and the axons, suggesting a major role for KIAA2022 in neuron development and brain function.
Mechanistic Insights into Molecular Crystalline Organometallic Heterogeneous Catalysis through Parahydrogen-Based Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies (2023)

The heterogeneous solid-gas reactions of crystals of [Rh(L<sub>2</sub>)(propene)][BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub>] (<b>1</b>, L<sub>2</sub> = <sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>P<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>) with H<sub>2</sub> and propene, 1-butene, propyne, or 1-butyne are explored by gas-phase nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy under batch conditions at 25 °C. The temporal evolution of the resulting parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects measures catalytic flux and thus interrogates the efficiency of catalytic pairwise <i>para</i>-H<sub>2</sub> transfer, speciation changes in the crystalline catalyst at the molecular level, and allows for high-quality single-scan <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C NMR gas-phase spectra for the products to be obtained, as well as 2D-measurements. Complex <b>1</b> reacts with H<sub>2</sub> to form dimeric [Rh(L<sub>2</sub>)(H)(μ-H)]<sub>2</sub>[BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (<b>4</b>), as probed using EXAFS; meanwhile, a single-crystal of <b>1</b> equilibrates NMR silent <i>para</i>-H<sub>2</sub> with its NMR active ortho isomer, contemporaneously converting into <b>4</b>, and <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> each convert <i>para</i>-H<sub>2</sub> into <i>ortho</i>-H<sub>2</sub> at different rates. Hydrogenation of propene using <b>1</b> and <i>para</i>-H<sub>2</sub> results in very high initial polarization levels in propane (>85%). Strong PHIP was also detected in the hydrogenation products of 1-butene, propyne, and 1-butyne. With propyne, a competing cyclotrimerization deactivation process occurs to afford [Rh(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>P<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>)(1,3,4-Me<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)][BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub>], while with 1-butyne, rapid isomerization of 1-butyne occurs to give a butadiene complex, which then reacts with H<sub>2</sub> more slowly to form catalytically active <b>4</b>. Surprisingly, the high PHIP hydrogenation efficiencies allow hyperpolarization effects to be seen when H<sub>2</sub> is taken directly from a regular cylinder at 25 °C. Finally, changing the chelating phosphine to Cy<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PCy<sub>2</sub> results in initial high polarization efficiencies for propene hydrogenation, but rapid quenching of the catalyst competes to form the zwitterion [Rh(Cy<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PCy<sub>2</sub>){η<sup>6</sup>-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)}BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>3</sub>].
Influence of Surrounding Tissues on Biomechanics of Aortic Wall: A Feasibility Study of Mechanical Homeostasis (2010)

Previous research in cardiovascular mechanics has shown that mechanical factors strongly influence the growth and remodeling of blood vessels, thereby leading the hypothesis of mechanical homeostasis as a mechanism of regulating vascular adaptation [1]. Nevertheless, this assumption is mostly based on stress analysis of an idealized blood vessel. However, for the aorta, its motion is considerably limited by the surrounding tissue during the cardiac cycle, with the thickness of the posterior side significantly thinner than the anterior side (Fig. 1). In this work, we test the possibility of the existence of a homeostatic level of stress in the aorta using a linear plane-strain model that accounts for thickness variations and surrounding tissues. The results of this computational study show that the surrounding tissue, together with thickness variations, homogenizes the stress level of blood vessel under a physiological pressure, which implies that the mechanical homeostasis is still feasible even with thickness variations and the influence of the surrounding tissues in the aorta.
Simultaneous Anodic and Cathodic Formate Production in a Paired Electrolyzer by CO2 Reduction and Glycerol Oxidation (2023)

Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> conversion is a key technology to promote the production of carbon-containing molecules, alongside reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions leading to a closed carbon cycle economy. Over the past decade, the interest to develop selective and active electrochemical devices for electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction emerged. However, most reports employ oxygen evolution reaction as an anodic half-cell reaction causing the system to suffer from sluggish kinetics with no production of value-added chemicals. Therefore, this study reports a conceptualized paired electrolyzer for simultaneous anodic and cathodic formate production at high currents. To achieve this, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction was coupled with glycerol oxidation: a BiOBr-modified gas-diffusion cathode and a Ni<sub>x</sub> B on Ni foam anode keep their selectivity for formate in the paired electrolyzer compared to the half-cell measurements. The paired reactor here reaches a combined Faradaic efficiency for formate of 141 % (45 % anode and 96 % cathode) at a current density of 200 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> .
The Roles of Clostridium difficile and Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in Diarrhea in Dogs (2001)

In this prospective study, feces of dogs with diarrhea were compared with feces of normal dogs for the presence of Clostridium difficile, C difficile toxins A and B, C perfringens, and C perfingens enterotoxin (CPE). C difficile toxins A, B, or both were present in feces of 18 of 87 (21%) dogs with diarrhea and 4 of 55 (7%) normal dogs (P = 0.03), whereas CPE was present in the feces of 24 of 87 (28%) dogs with diarrhea and 3 of 55 (5%) normal dogs (P = 0.01). C difficile was isolated from 2 of 87 (2%) dogs with diarrhea but was not isolated from the feces of 55 normal dogs, possibly because of poor survival of the organism in fecal samples. C perfringens was isolated from the feces of 23 of 24 (96%) CPE-positive dogs with diarrhea, 52 of 63 (83%) CPE-negative dogs with diarrhea, and 39 of 55 (71%) CPE-negative dogs with normal feces. No correlation was found between C perfringens spore number and the presence of CPE.
Sex differences in newborn interaction with mother or father during skin‐to‐skin contact after Caesarean section (2011)

Early mother-infant SSC immediately after Caesarean section should be promoted until the occurrence of the first breastfeed. If the mother is unable to provide SSC immediately after birth, the father-infant SSC is a valuable alternative because it enhances paternal interaction.
Lanthanide(III)-Doped Nanoparticles That Emit in the Near-Infrared (2002)

Redispersible near-infrared emitting lanthanide-doped nanoparticles are reported. The emission and excitation spectra have been examined and the luminescence lifetimes of these materials have been determined. High quantum yields and lifetimes in the millisecond region were found. It is furthermore demonstrated that these nanoparticles can easily be incorporated in polymer materials, thus making them of particular interest as the active material in polymer-based telecommunication components, polymer-based lasers, polymer displays, and polymer light-emitting diodes.
Chemical constituents and biological activities of species of Justicia: a review (2011)

The Acanthaceae family is an important source of therapeutic drugs, and the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this family requires urgent documentation as several of its species are near extinction. Justicia is the largest genus of Acanthaceae, with approximately 600 species. The present work provides a review addressing the chemistry and pharmacology of the genus Justicia. In addition, the biological activities of compounds isolated from the genus are also covered. The chemical and pharmacological information in the present work may inspire new biomedical applications for the species of Justicia, considering atom economy, the synthesis of environmentally benign products without producing toxic by-products, the use of renewable sources of raw materials, and the search for processes with maximal efficiency of energy.