gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passively mode-locked single-polarization microstructure fiber laser (2008)

The generation of high-power and stable ultra-short pulses from a passively mode-locked purely normal dispersion fiber laser is reported using the unique combination of a photonic crystal fiber featuring single-polarization, single-mode, and low nonlinearity with a high modulation depth semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The environmentally-stable, self-starting fiber laser generates 1.6 W of average power at a repetition rate of 63 MHz, corresponding to a pulse energy of 25 nJ. The emitted pulses are positively chirped with a pulse duration of 3.7 ps. They are compressible down to a near transform-limited duration of 750 fs. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium linkage analysis (LDLA) of body fat traits in an F2 porcine model for human obesity (2014)

ABSTRACT: Purebred Duroc and Yorkshire sows were<br/>crossed with Göttingen minipig boars to obtain two separate<br/>F2 intercross resource populations (n=287 and 279<br/>respectively). Several obesity, metabolic and slaughter<br/>measurements were recorded from birth to slaughter (220 ±<br/>45 days). In addition, body composition was determined at<br/>about two months of age (64 ± 11 days) via dual-energy xray<br/>absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. All pigs were<br/>genotyped using Illumina Porcine 60k SNP Beadchip and a<br/>combined LDLA approach was used to perform genomewide<br/>linkage and association analysis for body fat traits.<br/>Subsequently bioinformatic analysis was performed to<br/>identify genes in close proximity of chromosomal positions<br/>where statistically significant QTLs were identified. Several<br/>important genes previously linked to obesity (e.g. BBS4,<br/>CHRNA2, DLK1), along with other novel genes were<br/>identified, that together provide novel insights that may<br/>further the current understanding of the molecular<br/>mechanisms underlying human obesity.
Pulsed LIDAR-assisted controllers for turbine power capture enhancement and fatigue load mitigation below rated (2012)

Both turbine power capture enhancement and fatigue load mitigation are investigated in this paper using a previewed wind measurement provided by a pulsed light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system. When the wind turbine is operating below rated wind speed, three LIDAR-assisted control strategies are proposed: the disturbance tracking control (DTC) augmented with LIDAR, the preview control, and the optimally tracking rotor (OTR) control augmented with LIDAR. The DTC with LIDAR and preview controller are combined with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) in the feedback path, while OTR is a strategy adapted from the baseline quadratic k 2 torque law feedback. These control strategies are simulated in 93 turbulent wind les and their performance is compared against with the baseline control k 2 .
Hematological status in healthy and discarded bulls. (2012)

A study was undertaken on hematological status in healthy and discarded bulls. Hb level, TEC in discarded bulls were found to be less as compared to healthy bulls, whereas TLC was found to be significantely higher in discarded bulls. Eosinophilia may be one of the factor responsible for producing poor quality of semen in discarded bulls.
A study of the incorporation of inorganic phosphate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2012)

The oxidation of glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to follow the sequence: glucose → gluconic acid → 2 ketogluconic acid ↛ pyruvic acid and thence into the Krebs' cycle. Two aspects of this picture which arouse interest are, the missing steps in the pathway and the fact that the initial steps of this pathway do not involve phosphorylated intermediates. Phosphate undoubtedly plays an important part in the metabolism of this organism hence the question is immediately asked as to where phosphorous does become involved. These two questions yield two possible routes of investigation for their own solution; one to follow the fate of glucose as it is metabolized past the 2 ketogluconate level, or two, to follow the fate of inorganic phosphate as it is incorporated. The hope in each case is that the information gleaned will help elucidate how the two phenomena of glucose breakdown and utilization of phosphorous are correlated. Both these routes of investigation were attempted. The investigations along either line are, however, fraught with difficulties. To study the breakdown of glucose, attempts were made to find a cell preparation, or an inhibitor, or a combination of both, which would allow the breakdown of glucose past the 2 ketogluconate level, but not allow its complete oxidation to CO₂ and H₂O, thus accumulating a heretofore unknown intermediate which could be identified. It appears, however, that the system acting on 2 ketogluconate as a substrate is the most labile in this chain, for if inhibition was obtained, it occurred at the 2 ketogluconate level, regardless of the technique employed. The investigation then moved to an attempt to follow the incorporation of inorganic phosphate. Cell free preparations were found to incorporate inorganic phosphate when incubated with glucose and to a lesser extent when incubated with succinate, such incorporation being partially sensitive to dinitrophenol. The curve obtained on measurement of loss of inorganic phosphate indicated that this was not a simple reaction with resultant accumulation of the organic acceptor or a single product of this acceptor, but rather was a complex procedure involving several steps. The fact that cell free preparations took up inorganic phosphate in the absence of added substrate, coupled with the growing opinion that the endogenous respiration in this organism is not a simple reaction, independent of added substrate, showed the necessity of ascertaining first what this organism does with inorganic phosphate in the absence of added substrate, so that when substrate is added, it will be possible to know what phenomena are and what are not, a result of its presence. The addition of inorganic phosphate labelled with P³² to a cell free system in the absence of added substrate resulted in the accumulation of two alkaline labile, acid stable fractions with ultraviolet absorption peaks at 258 - 262 mμ and 263 mμ respectively. Their acid-alkaline behaviour leads to the suggestion that they may be nucleoside-polyphosphate-sugar complexes.
Experimental and Numerical Evidence of the Clustering Effect of Structures on Their Response during an Earthquake: A Case Study of Three Identical Towers in the City of Grenoble, France (2016)

In this article, interpretation of an equivalent to a macroseismic intensity survey, performed in three identical stand-alone buildings located in Grenoble, France, after an M L 4.1 earthquake, reveals a clustering effect, resulting in different levels of perception of seismic loading by inhabitants. The clustering effect is confirmed using numerical simulation; the variation of the seismic response of the building in the middle of the cluster depends on the azimuth of the seismic source relative to the building cluster. The major effect is the splitting of its resonance frequency, accompanied by a decrease in vibration amplitude. We conclude that clustering has an impact on urban effects, calling into question the validity of seismic design, which considers buildings in urban areas as stand-alone constructions, and the interpretation of macroseismic inten- sity surveys conducted in dense urban areas.
Quantification of Histologic Regression of Rectal Cancer After Irradiation (2002)

Significant tumor regression was seen in 86 percent of cases after chemoradiotherapy, with 19 patients showing a "good" responsiveness. We propose a modified pathologic staging system for irradiated rectal cancer, the Rectal Cancer Regression Grade, which includes a measurement of tumor regression. The utility of the proposed Rectal Cancer Regression Grade must be tested against long-term outcomes before its value in predicting prognosis and survival can be determined.
Plant Lipid Droplets and Their Associated Proteins: Potential for Rapid Advances (2017)

Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) of neutral lipids (triacylglycerols [TAGs], sterylesters, etc.) are reserves of high-energy metabolites and other constituents for future needs. They are present in diverse cells of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. An LD has a core of neutral lipids enclosed with a monolayer of phospholipids and proteins, which play structural and/or metabolic roles. During the past 3 decades, studies of LDs in diverse organisms have blossomed after they were found to be involved in prevalent human diseases and industrial uses. LDs in plant seeds were studied before those in mammals and microbes, and the latter studies have since moved forward. Plant LDs carry a hallmark protein called oleosin, which has a long hydrophobic hairpin penetrating the TAG core and stabilizing the LD. The oleosin gene first appeared in green algae and has evolved in enhancing promoter strength, tandem repeats, and/or expression specificity, leading to the appearance of new LD organelles, such as tapetosomes in Brassicaceae. The synthesis of LDs occurs with TAG-synthesizing enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and nascent TAGs are sequestered in the acyl moiety region between the bilayers of phospholipids, which results in ER-LD swelling. Oleosin is synthesized on the cytosol side of the ER and extracts the LD from the ER-LD to cytosol. This extraction of LD to the cytosol is controlled solely by the innate properties of oleosin, and modified oleosin can redirect the LD to the ER lumen and then vacuoles. The breakdown of LDs requires lipase associating with core retromer and binding to peroxisomes, which then send the enzyme to LDs via tubular extensions. Two groups of LD-associated proteins, caleosin/dioxygenase/steroleosin and LD/oil body-associated proteins, participate in cellular stress defenses via enzymic activities and binding, respectively. The surface of LDs in all plant cells may be an inert refuge for these and other proteins, which exert functions on diverse cell components. Oleosin-LDs have been explored for commercial applications; successes in their uses will rely on overcoming conceptual and technical difficulties.
Melatonin Targets Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Structure and Function (2021)

Metabolic reprogramming, which is characteristic of cancer cells that rapidly adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment and is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis, is recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. Mitochondria, which are directly involved in metabolic reprogramming, are used to design novel mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. Despite being targeted by melatonin, the functional role of mitochondria in melatonin's oncostatic activity remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of melatonin in mitochondrial metabolism and its functional consequences in head and neck cancer. We analyzed the effects of melatonin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (Cal-27 and SCC-9), which were treated with 100, 500, and 1500 µM of melatonin for 1, 3, and 5 days, and found a connection between a change of metabolism following melatonin treatment and its effects on mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that melatonin induces a shift to an aerobic mitochondrial metabolism that is associated with changes in mitochondrial morphology, function, fusion, and fission in HNSCC. We found that melatonin increases oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and inhibits glycolysis in HNSCC, resulting in increased ROS production, apoptosis, and mitophagy, and decreased cell proliferation. Our findings highlight new molecular pathways involved in melatonin's oncostatic activity, suggesting that it could act as an adjuvant agent in a potential therapy for cancer patients. We also found that high doses of melatonin, such as those used in this study for its cytotoxic impact on HNSCC cells, might lead to additional effects through melatonin receptors.
Host–Guest Exchange of Viologen Guests in Porphyrin Cage Compounds as Studied by Selective Exchange Spectroscopy (1D EXSY) NMR (2020)

Abstract Dynamics in complexes of porphyrin cage compounds and viologen‐derived guest molecules are investigated by selective exchange NMR spectroscopy (1D EXSY). Exchange rates were found to be independent of excess guest concentration, revealing a dissociative exchange mechanism, which is accompanied by negative activation entropies, indicating significant reorganization of the host–guest complex during dissociation. Nonsymmetric viologen guests with bulky head groups had more unidirectional binding and slower exchange rates than guests with less‐bulky head groups. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies revealed that the exchange process is primarily driven by the thermodynamics of binding and that guest binding can be influenced by introducing steric and electronic groups on the host . Exchange studies with guests bearing a polymer chain revealed that both slippage and full dissociation takes place and the rate constants for both processes were determined. The slippage rate constant revealed that for smaller guests exchange takes place nearly exclusively under thermodynamic control.
Tetrazine s-TCO ligation: A simple approach to improve probe’s blood circulation? (2016)

1090 Objectives During the last decade, numerous peptide-based agents have been developed and evaluated as PET imaging agents. However, one of the limitations associated with peptide probes is the short half-life in vivo. In this study, we introduce conformationally strained trans-cyclooctene-tetrazine-PEG (sTCO-Tz-PEG) system to increase probe’s circulation half-life in vivo. Methods 18F-labeled sTCO was synthesized from a tosylate precursor. Tetrazine ligation was carried out with a cyclic RGD-tetrazine or NT-tetrazine analogue. The resulting imaging probe was subjected to micro PET studies in human U87MG and AsPC1 tumor bearing mice. Results 18F-sTCO was synthesized with an isolation yield of 9.3+/- 2.4%. The sTCO tetrazine ligation can be done with good radiochemical yield and high purity. The tumor uptake of 18F-sTCO-Tz-PEG-RGD probe increased from 5.3+/- 0.2%ID/g at 1 h p.i. to 8.9+/- 0.5%ID/g at 4h p.i. The 18F-sTCO-Tz-PEG-NT agents have a tumor uptake of 4.3+/- 0.1%ID/g at 1 h p.i. and maintained at 4.4+/- 0.2% ID/g even at 6.5 h p.i. (compared with ~0.63%ID/g tumor uptake at 2h p.i. for our previously reported 18F-NT analog). Conclusions A sTCO-Tz-PEG system was developed that demonstrated significantly increased in vivo blood circulation. The new platform hold the great potential to convert fast clearing peptides into PET probes with relatively long circulation time in vivo, which may improve the absolute tumor uptake.
Proteasome inhibition induces reversible impairments in protein synthesis (2006)

Proteasome inhibition occurs during normal aging and in a variety of age-related diseases, with inhibition of proteasome function sufficient to induce physiological and pathological alterations observed in each of these conditions. It is presumed that proteasome inhibition induces cellular alterations by promoting rapid protein accumulation, as the direct result of impairments in protein removal, which assumes protein synthesis remains relatively unchanged during proteasome inhibition. We conducted experimentation using established proteasome inhibitors and primary rat neuron cultures in order to elucidate whether proteasome inhibition had any effect on neuronal protein synthesis. Proteasome inhibition impaired neuronal protein synthesis, with concentrations of inhibitor necessary to significantly inhibit protein synthesis similar to the concentrations necessary to induce subsequent neuron death. The inhibition of protein synthesis was reversible during the first 6 h of treatment, with the neurotoxicity of proteasome inhibition reversible during the first 12 h of treatment. These studies are the first to demonstrate a potentially important interplay between the proteasome and protein synthesis in neurons, and the first to identify that some effects of proteasome inhibition are reversible in neurons. Together these findings have important implications for understanding proteasome inhibition as a potential contributor to aging and age-related disease.
Influence of the substrate on the lifetime of capacitive RF MEMS switches (2008)

We show for the first time that the substrate can influence the lifetime of capacitive RF MEMS switches. We demonstrate that the influence of the substrate should not be ignored. The influence of the environment on the lifetime of a switch is different when it is fabricated on two different substrates. We also present that a switch actuated with a DC voltage lower than the pull-in voltage can pull-in after some time. The goal of the performed experiment was to emphasize the charging of the substrate. The presented results help to understand the substrate charging problem.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: genetic aspects of etiology (2013)

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS; recurrent aphthous ulcers - RAU; canker sores) is a chronic inflammatory, ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa. Its prevalence in the general population ranges between 5% and 20%, depending on the method and group studied. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is considered to be multifactorial, but remains still not fully understood. In patients with RAS, an enhanced immunologic response occurs to some trigger factors that may include: mechanical injury, stress or bacterial and viral antigens. Higher prevalence of aphthae in relatives may also indicate the genetic background of the condition. The inheritance of some specific gene polymorphisms, especially those encoding proinflammatory cytokines, which play a role in the formation of aphthous ulcer, may predispose family members to RAS. The purpose of this paper was to present the main clinical features of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, epidemiologic data and crucial etiopathogenetic factors with a special emphasis on genetic background of the condition.
Infrared Imaging of z = 2.43 Radio Galaxy B3 0731+438 with the Subaru Telescope — Detection of Hα a Ionization Cones of a Powerful Radio Galaxy (2000)

We report on infrared imaging observations of the z = 2.429 radio galaxy B3 0731+438 with the Subaru telescope. The images were taken with the K′-band filter and the 2.25 μm narrow-band filter to examine the structure and properties of the Hα+[NII] λλ 6548, 6583 emission-line components. The Hα+[NII] emission-line image shows biconical lobes with an extent of 40 kpc, which are aligned with the radio axis. The rest-frame equivalent widths of the emission lines at these cones are as large as 1100 Å, and can be well explained by a gas-cloud model photoionized by power-law continuum radiation. The isotropic ionizing photon luminosity necessary to ionize the hydrogen gas in these cones amounts to 1057 (photons s−1), which is larger than that in the majority of radio-loud QSOs. From these results, we propose that the Hα alignment effect in this object is produced by biconical gas clouds, which are swept up by the passage of radio jets, and are ionized by strong UV radiation from a hidden AGN. The continuum image consists of two components, a stellar-like point source and an extended diffuse galaxy. These are supposed to be a type-2 AGN and its host galaxy. The SED is fitted by a combination of spectra of a reddened dust-scattered AGN and an instantaneous starburst population of 500 Myr old. The stellar mass of the galaxy is estimated to be 3 × 1011M⊙, which is as large as that of typical 3C radio galaxies at z = 1.
Survival and cause of death in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia (1986)

Survival and causes of death of 218 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of 115 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) were examined. The patients were originally found in a community-based epidemiological survey of dementia, and all patients with AD or MID alive on the prevalence day were included. The 6-years survival rate for AD was 21.1% vs. the expected rate 48.5%, that for MID 11.9% vs. 45.2% expected. A comparison of relative survival rates suggested that MID carries a less favorable survival prognosis than AD. The mean durations were: AD 5.7 years and MID 5.2 years; median duration being 5 years in both diseases. The excess mortality in both AD and MID was independent of age. In AD, the survival rate decreased with increasing severity of dementia, while in MID the mortality was the same regardless of the severity of the dementia. The dementia disorder was the underlying cause of death in 68% of AD patients, and in 38% of MID patients, bronchopneumonia being the most frequent immediate cause of death in both groups. As a cause of death, acute cerebrovascular accidents occurred more often in MID patients than in the general population of comparable age. Malignant diseases were less frequent as a cause of death in both dementia groups than in the general population.
Abstract 260: Aortic Pulse Wave Characteristics and Coronary Blood Flow Responses to Plantar Flexion in Peripheral Arterial Diseases Patients (2020)

Peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) is an atherosclerotic occlusive disease in the periphery affecting 8-12 million U.S.adults. It has been reported that the PAD patients have attenuated coronary blood flow response to stress, however how the diseases influence aortic arterial pulse wave properties during exercise, and its relationship with coronary perfusion in this patient population is unknown. Accordingly, the primary aim of this study was to examine myocardial supply and demand relationship by investigating aortic pulse wave properties and their relationship with coronary perfusion during exercise in PAD. Methods: 13 PADpatients and 13 healthy (age, sex, BMI-matched) control subjects performed rhythmic plantar flexion for 14 minutes or until fatigue (30 contractions per minute). The workload started at 2 kg and increased by 1 kg every minute up to12 kg. Brachial (oscillometric cuff) and aortic (SphygmoCor, utilizing transfer function and brachial blood pressures) blood pressures were measured during supine rest and plantar flexion exercise as well as aortic pulse wave properties from derived-aortic pulse waveforms. On a separate visit, coronary blood flow velocity was measured non-invasively during rest and exercise. Results: Due to earlier arrival of reflected wave (140.9± 2.3 vs. 150.5± 3.4 ms; P =0.0289), baseline augmented pressure (15.9± 2.4 vs. 9.3± 1.7 mmHg; AP, P =0.0380), augmentation index (27.2± 2.7 vs. 19.1± 2.2 %; AI, P =0.0263), and cardiac wasted energy (4625± 590 vs. 2875± 491 s· dyne· cm 2 ; E w , P =0.0321) were greater compared to healthy control. During exercise, changes in aortic mean arterial pressure(21.90± 5.04 vs. 9.36± 2.20 mmHg; ΔaMAP, P =0.0041), end-systolic pressure (133.38± 4.85 vs. 111.46± 4.97 mmHg; ΔESP, P =0.0043), and the tension time index (1027± 216 vs. 504± 117 mmHg· S -1 · min -1 ; ΔTTI, P =0.0035) were significantly greater in PAD while ΔAI was not different. Intriguingly, despite the augmented TTI, the first and second peaks of CBV during exercise were not different between the groups leading to significantly attenuated subendocardial viability ratio responses to exercise (-34.66± 4.19 vs. -23.03± 3.37 %; ΔSEVR, P =0.0164). Conclusions: At this peak workload for PAD patients, the patients had a greater myocardial demand compared to healthy control. However, despite the increase in the myocardial demand and the accompanying increase in initial coronary perfusion pressure (ESP), CBV of PAD patients was not different from that seen in healthy control indicating limited myocardial supply during exercise in PAD. Consequently, PAD exhibited a greater mismatch of myocardial demand and supply at the peak workload. This suggests that, in PAD patients, there are mechanisms aside from changes in coronary perfusion pressure that limit myocardial supply during exercise (i.e. a greater coronary vascular tone and diastolic dysfunction).