gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Performances of Boron-Doped Diamond Metal–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2020)

In this article, we report the fabrication and characterization of boron-doped diamond (B-diamond) Schottky diodes and MESFETs. Effects of annealing at 573- 973 K on the electrical properties of these devices are investigated. Current density maximum for the as-fabricated Schottky diode is 0.05 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a gate voltage of -10.0 V. Annealing at 673 and 973 K makes it increase first to 0.70 A/cm2 and decrease lately to 0.07 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. ON/OFF ratios for the as-fabricated B-diamond Schottky diode exceed 4.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> at the OFF-voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ) of 0 V and 3.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> = 42.0 V. For the annealed Schottky diode, the ON/OFF ratios are higher than 1.7 × 106 at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> <; 6.0 V. Ideality factor and barrier height for Au/Pt bilayer gates on the B-diamond channel layer range from 1.05 to 1.78 and from 1.24 to 1.56 eV, respectively. All three B-diamond MESFETs with the gate lengths of 12.0, 7.0, and 4.3 μm, respectively, operate with p-type channel characteristics. The drain current maxima for the as-fabricated MESFETs are -0.11, -0.16, and -0.39 mA/mm. After annealing at 773 K, these values increase to -0.17, -0.24, and -0.55 mA/mm. Annealing at 773 K also increases the extrinsic transconductance maxima for the three MESFETs from 11.1, 11.0, and 10.4 μS/mm to 18.6, 16.2, and 14.4 μS/mm, respectively.
Preparation and Characterization of the Cu+/ZSM-5 Catalyst and Its Reaction with NO under UV Irradiation at 275 K. In situ Photoluminescence, EPR, and FT-IR Investigations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of the Cu+/ZSM-5 Catalyst and Its Reaction with NO under UV Irradiation at 275 K. In situ Photoluminescence, EPR, and FT-IR InvestigationsMasakazu Anpo, Yasushi Shioya, Hiromi Yamashita, Elio Giamello, Claudio Morterra, Michel Che, Howard H. Patterson, Steven Webber, Stephen Ouellette, and Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 22, 5744–5750Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100073a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100073a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Copy Number Variation and Incomplete Linkage Disequilibrium Interfere with the HCP5 Genotyping Assay for Abacavir Hypersensitivity (2012)

Carriers of HLA-B*57:01 are at risk for Abacavir hypersensitivity reaction (ABC-HSR). In Caucasians, a SNP (rs2395029) in the HCP5 gene is reported to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-B*57:01. Genotyping the HCP5 SNP has increasingly been adopted as a simple method to screen for susceptibility to ABC-HSR. We genotyped both the HCP5 SNP and HLA-B*57:01 in a set of 1888 samples and found a good correlation; significantly, however, one HLA-B*57:01-positive sample tested negative for the HCP5 SNP. In addition, HCP5 could not be amplified in two samples, both negative for HLA-B*57:01. Further investigation demonstrated both samples were homozygous for deletion of the HCP5 gene. The fact HCP5 occurs within a region of copy number variation and the fact LD is incomplete and may vary between ethnicities should be considered when using the HCP5 SNP as a surrogate marker for HLA-B*57:01.
Aflatoxin B1 8,9-Epoxide Hydrolysis in the Presence of Rat and Human Epoxide Hydrolase (1997)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) must be activated to the electrophilic AFB1 exo-8,9-epoxide to be genotoxic and carcinogenic. A role for epoxide hydrolase in detoxication has been suggested but never directly addressed. In light of recent studies determining the instability of AFB1 exo-8,9-epoxide in H2O, a role for epoxide hydrolase appears dubious. Rat liver or recombinant rat epoxide hydrolase provided an enhancement to the already fast hydrolysis rate of up to 22%. Purified human epoxide hydrolase provided no detectable enhancement to the rate of chemical hydrolysis. Some reduction in the genotoxicity of AFB1 was observed when the ratio of rat epoxide hydrolase to cytochrome P450 was high (approximately 50-fold). An 80-fold excess of human epoxide hydrolase over cytochrome P450 only produced an effect of approximately 25% inhibition. It appears, therefore, that there is little evidence to support a role for epoxide hydrolase in the detoxication of AFB1.
Association between Midface Fractures and Cervical Spine Injury (2018)

Farkkila, Esa M. MD, DDS; Peacock, Zachary S. MD, DMD, FACS; Petrovick, Laurie BS, MSc; Gervasini, Alice A. RN, PhD; Velmahos, George C. MD, PhD; Kaban, Leonard B. MD, FACS Author Information
Abstract IA17: Development of a therapeutic peptide for the treatment of metastatic cancer (2013)

Abstract The progression of human cancer to the metastatic stage is a major contributing factor to its lethality. In order for a tumor to form lethal metastases it must gain access to the vasculature or lymphatic system (intravasation), survive during transit, exit the vascular or lymphatic channels (extravasation), and proliferate at the metastatic site. Upon colonization of a distant tissue, tumor cells must, once again, induce neovascularization in order to grow beyond a microscopic size. In this process, heterotypic tumor-stromal signaling can affect tumor growth by regulating the production and secretion of growth-promoting and growth-inhibitory proteins by the surrounding stromal fibroblasts and endothelial cells. For example, it has been previously demonstrated that tumor cells can stimulate expression of the pro-angiogenic protein VEGF in the surrounding stroma. Conversely, the regulation of thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1) expression, one of the most potent endogenous anti-angiogenic proteins, in the tumor-associated stroma, has not been as well studied. Through a functional proteomic screen, designed to identify secreted proteins that stimulate Tsp-1 in tumor stroma and in the parenchyma of distant tissues, we identified the protein, prosaposin (1). With respect to the role of the tumor micro-environment in metastasis, it has been demonstrated that metastatic tumors establish bone marrow (BM)-derived pre-metastatic niches in distant organs that serve as permissive hubs for supporting future metastases. It is not known, conversely, whether tumors that lack metastatic potential fail to establish such niches, or generate niches which inhibit metastasis. Here, we show that metastasis-incompetent tumors are also capable of generating BM-derived niches at distant sites. However, by secreting prosaposin (psap) these tumors systemically stimulate expression of an antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin1 (Tsp-1) in myeloid progenitor cells in the niche, converting them into metastasis-inhibitory cells. We found that the Tsp-1-inducing activity of psap was contained in a short peptide. Importantly this peptide is able to suppress metastatic outgrowth and regress existing metastases. These results provide mechanistic insights into why certain tumors are deficient in metastatic potential, and unexpectedly implicate recruited Gr1+ myeloid progenitor cells as the main source of Tsp-1 in the metastatic lung. Clinically, psap expression was significantly decreased in skeletal metastases in prostate cancer patients, suggesting that the psap peptide may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastatic cancer. Citation Format: Randolph S. Watnick, Vivek Mittal, Raul Catena, Suming Wang, Tina El Reyes, Lars Akslen. Development of a therapeutic peptide for the treatment of metastatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
Nanotechnology for hydrometallurgy (2018)

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are a group of 17 chemically similar metals that have gained an increasing importance over the past decades, due to their unique properties that make them crucial for many applications, especially in high-tech products. The term “rare” is rather historical than descriptive, since they are quite abundant in the Earth’s crust. However, their extraction and separation can be challenging. This thesis aims to develop a competitive technology, based on functional nanoadsorbents, for extraction and separation of REE in solution that can be industrially applied.

Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with an iron oxide core were selected as the base for the nanoadsorbents. Nanoscale SiO2 exhibits a large surface area that is very advantageous for adsorption purposes. Furthermore, they can be surface functionalized with different organic molecules (ligands). The iron oxide core allows the solid nanoadsorbents to be easily removed magnetically from solution. 

First, the synthesis of the nanoadsorbents was optimized and three different organosilanes were synthesized, grafted onto SiO2 NPs and tested for REE uptake. One of the three organosilanes showed to be reasonably efficient and was further tested with magnetic NP for selective uptake of REE. Structural studies of molecular model compounds gave molecular insights into the observed selectivity.

Next, adsorption conditions were carefully modified to, presumably, double the obtained REE uptake. Unexpectedly, the uptake increased up to 30 times, which suggested that a different uptake mechanism was involved. The mechanism was investigated and revealed the induced seeding of a crystalline phase of REE(OH)3 on the surface. Preliminary tests on REE carbonate from REE ores gave very encouraging results.

Finally, a deeper understanding into the selective REE uptake was achieved via structural studies of different ligands and their interaction with different REE, creating the basis for molecular recognition approach. Four ligands specific to different REE were identified and their interaction with REE explained from a molecular point of view. One of these ligands was chosen for upscaling of the technology, by evaluating its potential as packing material for chromatographic separation of REE. The studies provided very attractive results, with good separation of 6 different REE from a solution.
CAPT: Contrastive Pre-Training for Learning Denoised Sequence Representations (2020)

Pre-trained self-supervised models such as BERT have achieved striking success in learning sequence representations, especially for natural language processing. These models typically corrupt the given sequences with certain types of noise, such as masking, shuffling, or substitution, and then try to recover the original input. However, such pre-training approaches are prone to learning representations that are covariant with the noise, leading to the discrepancy between the pre-training and fine-tuning stage. To remedy this, we present ContrAstive Pre-Training (CAPT) to learn noise invariant sequence representations. The proposed CAPT encourages the consistency between representations of the original sequence and its corrupted version via unsupervised instance-wise training signals. In this way, it not only alleviates the pretrain-finetune discrepancy induced by the noise of pre-training, but also aids the pre-trained model in better capturing global semantics of the input via more effective sentence-level supervision. Different from most prior work that focuses on a particular modality, comprehensive empirical evidence on 11 natural language understanding and cross-modal tasks illustrates that CAPT is applicable for both language and vision-language tasks, and obtains surprisingly consistent improvement, including 0.6\% absolute gain on GLUE benchmarks and 0.8\% absolute increment on $\text{NLVR}^2$.
Investigations for Supersonic Transports at Transonic and Supersonic Conditions (2008)

Several computational studies were conducted as part of NASA s High Speed Research Program. Results of turbulence model comparisons from two studies on supersonic transport configurations performed during the NASA High-Speed Research program are given. The effects of grid topology and the representation of the actual wind tunnel model geometry are also investigated. Results are presented for both transonic conditions at Mach 0.90 and supersonic conditions at Mach 2.48. A feature of these two studies was the availability of higher Reynolds number wind tunnel data with which to compare the computational results. The transonic wind tunnel data was obtained in the National Transonic Facility at NASA Langley, and the supersonic data was obtained in the Boeing Polysonic Wind Tunnel. The computational data was acquired using a state of the art Navier-Stokes flow solver with a wide range of turbulence models implemented. The results show that the computed forces compare reasonably well with the experimental data, with the Baldwin-Lomax with Degani-Schiff modifications and the Baldwin-Barth models showing the best agreement for the transonic conditions and the Spalart-Allmaras model showing the best agreement for the supersonic conditions. The transonic results were more sensitive to the choice of turbulence model than were the supersonic results.
Validation of Spherically Symmetric Inversion by Use of a Tomographic Reconstructed Three-Dimensional Electron Density of the Solar Corona (2014)

Determination of the coronal electron density by the inversion of white-light polarized brightness (pB) measurements by coronagraphs is a classic problem in solar physics. An inversion technique based on the spherically symmetric geometry (Spherically Symmetric Inversion, SSI) was developed in the 1950s, and has been widely applied to interpret various observations. However, to date there is no study about uncertainty estimation of this method. In this study we present the detailed assessment of this method using a three-dimensional (3D) electron density in the corona from 1.5 to 4 Rsun as a model, which is reconstructed by tomography method from STEREO/COR1 observations during solar minimum in February 2008. We first show in theory and observation that the spherically symmetric polynomial approximation (SSPA) method and the Van de Hulst inversion technique are equivalent. Then we assess the SSPA method using synthesized pB images from the 3D density model, and find that the SSPA density values are close to the model inputs for the streamer core near the plane of the sky (POS) with differences generally less than a factor of two or so; the former has the lower peak but more spread in both longitudinal and latitudinal directions than the latter. We estimate that the SSPA method may resolve the coronal density structure near the POS with angular resolution in longitude of about 50 degrees. Our results confirm the suggestion that the SSI method is applicable to the solar minimum streamer (belt) as stated in some previous studies. In addition, we demonstrate that the SSPA method can be used to reconstruct the 3D coronal density, roughly in agreement with that by tomography for a period of low solar activity. We suggest that the SSI method is complementary to the 3D tomographic technique in some cases, given that the development of the latter is still an ongoing research effort.
A hereditary reovirus responsible for the S morphological character in Drosophila simulans. (1987)

*Resume de communication
Using ratchets and sorters to fractionate motile cells of Escherichia coli by length (2008)

This paper describes the fabrication of a composite agar/PDMS device for enriching short cells in a population of motile Escherichia coli. The device incorporated ratcheting microchannels, which directed the motion of swimming cells of E. coli through the device, and three sorting junctions, which isolated successively shorter populations of bacteria. The ratcheting microchannels guided cells through the device with an average rate of displacement of (32 ± 9) μm s−1. Within the device, the average length of the cells decreased from 3.8 μm (Coefficient of Variation, CV: 21%) at the entrance, to 3.4 μm (CV: 16%) after the first sorting junction, to 3.2 μm (CV: 19%) after the second sorting junction, to 3.0 μm (CV: 19%) after the third sorting junction.
Whole-exome sequencing of 79 xenografts as a potential approach for the identification of genetic variants associated with sensitivity to cytotoxic anticancer drugs (2020)

Chemotherapy response remains unpredictable in most patients with cancer. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 79 cancer xenografts derived from human cancer tissues to identify genetic predictors of chemosensitivity to nine cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Xenografts were harvested from 12 organs with cancer and implanted into nude mice. The mice were exposed to one of nine cytotoxic anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, nimustine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, mitomycin C, methotrexate, vincristine, and vinblastine) to assess the correlation between chemosensitivity response and variant allele frequency. We found 162 candidate variants that were possibly associated with chemosensitivity to one or more of the nine anticancer drugs (P < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of breast and gastric cancer xenografts, 78 and 67 variants, respectively, were possibly associated with chemosensitivity. This approach may help to contribute to the development of personalized treatments that may allow for the prescription of optimal chemotherapy regimens among patients with cancer.
Chirped arrays of refractive ellipsoidal microlenses for aberration correction under oblique incidence (2005)

Improvements of the resolution homogeneity of an ultra-thin artificial apposition compound eye objective are accomplished by the use of a chirped array of ellipsoidal micro-lenses. The array contains 130x130 individually shaped ellipsoidal lenses for channel-wise correction of astigmastism and field curvature occurring under oblique incidence. We present an analytical approach for designing anamorphic micro-lenses for such purpose based on Gullstrands equations and experimentally validate the improvement. Considerations for the design of the photolithographical masks for the micro-lens array fabrication by melting of photoresist cylinders with ellipsoidal basis are presented. Measurements of the optically performance are proceed on first realized artificial compound eye prototypes showing a significant improvement of angular resolution homogeneity over the complete field of view of 64.3?.
Curcumin Inhibits Phorbol Ester-Induced Up-Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 by Blocking ERK1/2 Phosphorylation and NF-κB Transcriptional Activity in MCF10A Human Breast Epithelial Cells (2005)

Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are often observed in various types of cancerous and transformed cells, and hence recognized as potential molecular targets for the chemoprevention. In the present study, we investigated the possible inhibitory effects of curcumin on the expression of COX-2 and MMP-9 induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in MCF10A human breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Curcumin inhibited the TPA-induced COX-2 expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and reduced the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2), one of the major products of COX-2. Likewise, curcumin attenuated invasiveness and motility of MCF10A cells stimulated with TPA through suppression of MMP expression. Curcumin blocked TPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcriptional activity. Overexpression of the dominant negative forms of ERK2 abrogated the TPA-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Treatment of MCF10A cells with U0126, which is a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK1/2, reduced TPA-induced up-regulation of COX-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, these findings suggest that curcumin inhibits the TPA-induced up-regulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 by suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB trans-activation in human breast epithelial cells, which may contribute to its chemopreventive potential.
Electron Transport through Early Exponential‐Phase Anode‐Grown Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms (2014)

Abstract Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms were grown to early exponential phase (i.e. the point at which the catalytic current first begins to increase) on interdigitated microelectrode arrays (IDAs), resulting in the formation of sparse cell clusters surrounded by extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Continuous domains of EPS (defined here to include extracellular materials including filaments), but not cell clusters, were observed to bridge the gaps between adjacent electrode bands. Electrochemical gate measurements revealed electrical continuity between adjacent IDA electrode bands, indicating that extracellular electron transport (EET) occurs through the EPS. The dependency of the source‐drain current on the gate potential is peak shaped, which is consistent with EPS acting as a redox conductor. The gate potential at which the maximum source‐drain current occurs is approximately 0.13 V more positive than that for stationary‐phase biofilms, indicating that redox cofactors involved in EET at the early exponential phase are different to those at the stationary phase.
Direct in vivo evidence of a vascular statin: a single dose of cerivastatin rapidly increases vascular endothelial responsiveness in healthy normocholesterolaemic subjects (2002)

A single dose of cerivastatin increased vascular endothelial responsiveness. Our data suggest that cerivastatin has a direct effect on the blood vessels that is independent of its lipid-lowering effect, and thus can be considered as a vascular statin.