gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ADSL theoretical models with a practical scenario (2006)

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is becoming a relatively matured technology as many telecommunication service providers offer this technology to customers. The actual throughput of ADSL is highly dependent on the number of simultaneous users within a cable grouping. In order to guarantee throughput to any user at any time, one must be able to predict the circumstances under which throughput cannot be guaranteed any more. To guarantee high reliability of these predictions, a reliable theoretical model of the system is required. In this paper a comparison is made between the theoretical model and the practical scenario to determine the accuracy of the theoretical model. It was found that the theoretical model closely resembles the practical scenario, which makes QoS estimation possible using a theoretical model, rather than a trial-and-error method.
Clinical significance of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in drug disposition: their roles in hepatic clearance and intestinal absorption (2012)

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family transporters accept a number of drugs and are increasingly being recognized as important factors in governing drug and metabolite pharmacokinetics. OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 play an important role in hepatic drug uptake while OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 might be key players in intestinal absorption and transport across blood-brain barrier of drugs, respectively. To understand the importance of OATPs in the hepatic clearance of drugs, the rate-determining process for elimination should be considered; for some drugs, hepatic uptake clearance rather than metabolic intrinsic clearance is the more important determinant of hepatic clearances. The importance of the unbound concentration ratio (liver/blood), K(p,uu) , of drugs, which is partly governed by OATPs, is exemplified in interpreting the difference in the IC(50) of statins between the hepatocyte and microsome systems for the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. The intrinsic activity and/or expression level of OATPs are affected by genetic polymorphisms and drug-drug interactions. Their effects on the elimination rate or intestinal absorption rate of drugs may sometimes depend on the substrate drug. This is partly because of the different contribution of OATP isoforms to clearance or intestinal absorption. When the contribution of the OATP-mediated pathway is substantial, the pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs should be greatly affected. This review describes the estimation of the contribution of OATP1B1 to the total hepatic uptake of drugs from the data of fold-increases in the plasma concentration of substrate drugs by the genetic polymorphism of this transporter. To understand the importance of the OATP family transporters, modeling and simulation with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model are helpful.
Supplemental Figures 1-3 from UCP2 Knockout Suppresses Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1-3. Supplementary Figure 1. Ki-67 (to detect cell proliferation) and TUNEL (to detect apoptosis) staining of skin epidermal tissues at the end of the skin carcinogenesis study (amplification: 20x). Supplementary Figure 2. Detection of the protein levels of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2) in mouse skin epidermal tissues at the end of the carcinogenesis study. Supplementary Figure 3. Histological examination of invaded tumor (arrow) and surrounding neutrophils (arrow head). A tumor section from a DMBA/TPA treated wild-type mouse was chosen (amplification: 40x).&lt;/p&gt;
Phase I study of the pharmacokinetics of a radioimmunoconjugate, 90Y-T101, in patients with CD5-expressing leukemia and lymphoma. (1998)

Ten patients with advanced or refractory CD5-expressing hematologic neoplasms [two with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and eight with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)] were treated in a Phase I study with the radioimmunoconjugate 90Y-T101, which targets CD5+ lymphocytes. Prior imaging studies using 111In-T101 demonstrated uptake in involved lymph nodes and skin in patients with CTCL, and Phase I studies with unmodified T101 demonstrated transient responses. In this study, patients were treated with 5 or 10 mCi of 90Y chelated to T101 via isothiocyanatobenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, along with tracer doses of 111In-T101 for imaging. The biodistribution of the radioimmunoconjugate was determined by measuring 90Y and 111In blood clearance, urine excretion, and accumulation in bone marrow and in involved skin lesions. The intravascular pharmacokinetics of 90Y were predicted by 111In-labeled T101. The greatest differences in biodistribution between 111In and 90Y were in the higher bone accumulation of 90Y and its lower urinary excretion. Imaging studies demonstrated targeting of skin lesions and involved lymph nodes in CTCL patients. The predominant toxicity was bone marrow suppression. Rapid antigenic modulation of CD5 on circulating T and B cells was observed. Recovery of T-cell populations occurred within 2-3 weeks; however, suppression of B-cell populations persisted after 5+ weeks. All CTCL patients developed human antimouse antibody after one cycle and thus were not retreated; one patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia received a second cycle of therapy. Partial responses occurred in five patients, two with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and three with CTCL. The median response duration was 23 weeks. One CTCL patient who subsequently received electron beam irradiation to a residual lesion is disease-free after 6 years.
The effect of sharing on the cache and bus performance of parallel programs (1989)

Bus bandwidth ultimately limits the performance, and therefore the scale, of bus-based, shared memory multiprocessors. Previous studies have extrapolated from uniprocessor measurements and simulations to estimate the performance of these machines. In this study, we use traces of parallel programs to evaluate the cache and bus performance of shared memory multiprocessors, in which coherency is maintained by a write-invalidate protocol. In particular, we analyze the effect of sharing overhead on cache miss ratio and bus utilization. Our studies show that parallel programs incur substantially higher miss ratios and bus utilization than comparable uniprocessor programs. The sharing component of these metrics proportionally increases with both cache and block size, and for some cache configurations determines both their magnitude and trend. The amount of overhead depends on the memory reference pattern to the shared data. Programs that exhibit good per-processor-locality perform better than those with fine-grain-sharing. This suggests that parallel software writers and better compiler technology can improve program performance through better memory organization of shared data.
Dry-Land Strength Training vs. Electrical Stimulation in Sprint Swimming Performance (2012)

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of dry-land strength training vs. an electrical stimulation program on swimmers. Twenty-four national-level swimmers were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the dry-land strength training program (S), the electrical stimulation training program (ES), and the control (C) group. The training program lasted 4 weeks. The subjects were evaluated before the training, at the end of the training program, and 4 weeks later. The outcome values ascertained were peak torque during arm extension at different velocities (from -60 to 180°·s(-1)) using an isokinetic dynamometer and performance, stroke rate, and stroke length during a 50-m front crawl. A significant increase in swimming velocity and peak torque was observed for both S and ES at the end of the training and 4 weeks later. Stroke length increased in the S group but not in the ES group. However, no significant differences in swimming velocity between S and ES groups were observed. No significant changes occurred in the C group. Programs combining swimming training with dry-land strength or electrical stimulation programs led to a similar gain in sprint performance and were more efficient than swimming alone.
R410a냉매를 사용한 신형 가정용 열펌프의 성능실험 (1999)

System performance test of the state-of-the art R410a heat pump system was conducted to got baseline performances for a next generation air conditioning system. Separate environmental chambers have been constructed for each heat exchanger. The environmental chamber contains each wind tunnels for the heat pump mode. Three energy balances are obtained for indoor and outdoor heat exchanger: air-side, refrigerant-side and room calorimetry. The test facility consists of two environmental chambers that can maintain outdoor and indoor temperature within ±0.5℃ and absolute humidity ±2%. This paper is comment on the development of the analysis strategy for R410a residential heat pump system. The first objective requires identification of representative operating conditions, and yields a matrix that is based on empirical assumptions of realistic operating conditions. The second group of objectives (design analysis and model verification) requires a larger (more data points and test regimes), meticulously designed test matrix.
IL‐4 depletion enhances host resistance and passive IgA protection against tuberculosis infection in BALB/c mice (2007)

The influence of Th2 cytokines in tuberculosis has been a matter of dispute. Here we report that IL-4 has a profound regulatory effect on the infection of BALB/c mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Depletion of IL-4 with a neutralizing mAb caused only evanescent reduction of lung infection, but when combined with i.n. inoculations of IgA anti-mycobacterial alpha-crystallin mAb and mouse rIFN-gamma, we observed a 40-fold reduction of the bacterial counts in the lungs at 3 wks following i.n. infection (p<0.001). In genetically deficient IL-4-/- BALB/c mice, infection in both lung and spleen was substantially reduced for up to 8 wks without further treatment. Reconstitution of IL-4-/- mice with rIL-4 increased bacterial counts to wild-type levels and made the mice refractory to protection by IgA/IFN-gamma. Analysis of the lungs showed increased granulomatous infiltration and proinflammatory mediators in anti-IL-4/IgA/IFN-gamma-treated and infected mice. We conclude that the action of IL-4 in tuberculosis is targeted at macrophages and that it may include an antagonistic effect on their IgA/IFN-gamma-induced activation and nitric oxide production. The described novel immunotherapy, combining treatments with anti-IL-4, IgA antibody and IFN-gamma, has potential for translation toward the passive immunoprophylaxis of tuberculosis.
Cytokine and chemokine networks influencing stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and marrow homing (2002)

The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is an attractive target for gene therapy of genetic diseases of the immune and hematopoietic system, and for drug-resistance strategies in which genes conferring resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents can be transduced. Stem cells are relatively easy to obtain; e.g., by marrow aspiration or G-CSF mobilization into the peripheral blood, and can be enriched e.g., by the use of anti-CD34 + monoclonal antibody. For conventional retroviral transduction, normally quiescent HSC must be activated into the cell cycle by priming with appropriate cytokines, and it has been critical to identify cytokine combinations that preserve the self-renewal capacity of long-term repopulating HSC. It has become apparent that strategies designed to optimize HSC cycling and proviral integration can compromise the capacity of transduced HSC to compete in vivo against endogenous HSC or HSC that have not been activated into cell cycle. Lentiviral vectors can integrate genes into non-cycling cells but there is an increased efficiency of transduction if Go HSC are activated into G1-phase of the cell cycle. This reduced efficiency of long-term engraftment of ex vivo cultured HSC may be due to impaired self-renewal capacity or reduced marrow homing efficiency. The latter may be attributed to down modulation of chemokine receptors necessary for chemotactic homing to the marrow. Alternatively, or in addition, there may be down modulation of (1) HSC adhesion molecules necessary for endothelial adhesion and egress from the circulation: (2) metalloproteinases secreted by HSC that facilitate their migration through extracellular matrix and promote release of critical soluble regulatory factors in the marrow microenvironment. A more controversial view is that cell death pathways, for example those involving FasR (CD95) may be activated in cycling HSC, resulting in their selective destruction upon transplantation and localization to sites rich in Fas ligand such as the liver.
Identifying Active Sites of the Water–Gas Shift Reaction over Titania Supported Platinum Catalysts under Uncertainty (2018)

A comprehensive uncertainty quantification framework has been developed for integrating computational and experimental kinetic data and to identify active sites and reaction mechanisms in catalysis. Three hypotheses regarding the active site for the water–gas shift reaction on Pt/TiO2 catalysts, Pt(111), an edge interface site, and a corner interface site, are tested against experimental kinetic data from three research groups. Uncertainties associated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and model errors of microkinetic models of the active sites are informed and verified using Bayesian inference and predictive validation. Significant evidence is found for the role of the oxide support in the mechanism. Positive evidence is found in support of the edge interface active site over the corner interface site. For the edge interface site, the CO-promoted redox mechanism is found to be the dominant pathway and only at temperatures above 573 K does the classical redox mechanism contribute significantly to the overall rate. At all reaction conditions, water and surface O–H bond dissociation steps at the Pt/TiO2 interface are the main rate controlling steps.
Interrupted quenching during the martensite transformation in steels 100CrMn6 and 20NiCrMo7 (2011)

In this work the hypothesis “All quenching of steel components should be interrupted at ~50% martensite formed in order to achieve better fatigue performance” has been tested. The results are very ...
Nouvelle génération de catalyseurs supportés par valorisation d'un résidu d'enrichissement (procédé UGS) d'une scorie de TiO2 : le catalyseur Ni-UGSO appliqué au reformage de méthane (2017)

La société Rio Tinto Fer et Titane (RTFT), filiale à 100 % de Rio Tinto, a développé un procédé appelé UGS (upgraded slag) afin d’enrichir sa scorie de dioxyde de titane de 80% à 94,5% massique. Ce procédé génère une quantité non négligeable de résidu d’oxydes UGS (notés dans ce projet par UGSO), envoyé directement au dépôt des résidus miniers pour finir en enfouissement. Afin d’éviter cette dernière opération, RTFT a essayé sans grand succès différentes solutions.&#13;\nLa composition chimique de ce déchet est considérée par le groupe de recherche développant ce projet (Université de Sherbrooke et Université Laval) comme étant à priori un support idéal pour des catalyseurs à base de nickel destinés au reformage des hydrocarbures car, de par leur nature, ils contiennent déjà les oxydes reconnus par la communauté scientifique pour leur capacité à éviter la formation de carbone, principale cause de désactivation de ces catalyseurs. En utilisant le nickel comme métal actif, un premier catalyseur, Ni-UGSO, est mis en œuvre par calcination à 900°C d’un mélange d’UGSO et d’un précurseur de nickel (du nitrate de nickel hexahydraté : Ni(NO3)2.6H2O). Le mélange est préparé selon un nouveau procédé à l’état solide amélioré développé au laboratoire (demande de brevet en internationale N° PCT/CA2016/050844 déposée le 19 juillet 2016).&#13;\nDans ce travail, une première application du nouveau catalyseur Ni-UGSO à la production d’hydrogène via les procédés de reformage à sec, vaporeformage et reformage mixte du méthane (CH4) a été étudiée. Des conversions de CH4 de l’ordre de 87% avec des rendements de 81% ont été obtenus lors du reformage à sec à 810°C après 4 h de réaction avec un ratio CO2/CH4 stœchiométrique. Par vaporeformage, également avec un ratio H2O/CH4 stœchiométrique, les conversions atteignent les 98% après 4h de réaction à 900°C. Les ratios H2/CO proche de 1 (reformage à sec) et de 3 (vaporeformage) indiquent que les réactions se déroulent proche de l’équilibre thermodynamique. De même, dans les deux cas de figure, les catalyseurs ont montré une stabilité exceptionnelle pendant 7 jours de réaction continue et une facilité de régénération. D’autres performances, également intéressantes, ont été obtenues par reformage mixte du CH4. De surcroît, les différentes techniques de caractérisation n’ont détecté aucune trace de carbone dans les catalyseurs usés. Le reformage à sec du CH4 a également été simulé grâce à un modèle basé sur une cinétique de Langmuir–Hinshelwood.
Residual Viremia in an RT-SHIV Rhesus Macaque HAART Model Marked by the Presence of a Predominant Plasma Clone and a Lack of Viral Evolution (2014)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly reduces HIV-1 replication and prevents progression to AIDS. However, residual low-level viremia (LLV) persists and long-lived viral reservoirs are maintained in anatomical sites. These reservoirs permit a recrudescence of viremia upon cessation of therapy and thus HAART must be maintained indefinitely. HIV-1 reservoirs include latently infected resting memory CD4⁺ T-cells and macrophages which may contribute to residual viremia. It has not been conclusively determined if a component of LLV may also be due to residual replication in cells with sub-therapeutic drug levels and/or long-lived chronically infected cells. In this study, RT-SHIV(mac239) diversity was characterized in five rhesus macaques that received a five-drug HAART regimen [tenofovir, emtricitabine, zidovudine, amdoxovir, (A, C, T, G nucleoside analogs) and the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor efavirenz]. Before maximal viral load suppression, longitudinal plasma viral RNA RT diversity was analyzed using a 454 sequencer. After suppression, LLV RT diversity (amino acids 65-210) was also assessed. LLV samples had viral levels less than our standard detection limit (50 viral RNA copies/mL) and few transient blips <200 RNA copies/mL. HAART was discontinued in three macaques after 42 weeks of therapy resulting in viral rebound. The level of viral divergence and the prevalence of specific alleles in LLV was similar to pre-suppression viremia. While some LLV sequences contained mutations not observed in the pre-suppression profile, LLV was not characterized by temporal viral evolution or apparent selection of drug resistance mutations. Similarly, resistance mutations were not detected in the viral rebound population. Interestingly, one macaque maintained a putative LLV predominant plasma clone sequence. Together, these results suggest that residual replication did not markedly contribute to LLV and that this model mimics the prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics of LLV during human HAART. Therefore, this model may be ideal for testing HIV-1 eradication strategies.
Hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of trichlormethiazide under dietary sodium restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1984)

In order to evaluate both the hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of thiazide diuretics in an animal model with hypertension, the effects of trichlormethiazide were studied using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under dietary sodium restriction. Trichlormethiazide was dosed daily for two weeks at 0.05, 0.5, 3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. All doses caused obvious natriuresis, while an increase of urine volume was observed only at 3 and 10 mg/kg. The hypotensive effect, which was estimated at day 6 and 13, was recognized at doses of more than 0.5 mg/kg. At the end of the dosing, the hematocrit value of all medicated groups rose, and both the uric acid excretory capacity, estimated by the clearance values of inulin and uric acid, and the plasma potassium level clearly decreased at 3 and 10 mg/kg. A detailed study using a dose of 3 mg/kg showed shifts of the cumulative sodium and potassium balances to negative directions against the control group. Thus, trichlormethiazide-treated SHR under dietary sodium restriction showed both a hypotensive effect which might be due to the natriuresis and a tendency toward undesirable side effects such as hypokalemia and hyperuricemia. As there is no practical method in animal studies for simultaneously proving hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of diuretic antihypertensives, the findings of the present study might aid in the evaluation of diuretics more useful than the thiazides.
Effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of low-dose all-trans retinoic acid (25 mg/m2) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (1993)

It has been shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at doses of 45 to 100 mg/m2/d induces complete remission (CR) of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by a differentiation process. To date, ATRA dose-ranging studies have not yet been evaluated. Thus, we initiated in May 1990 a multicenter study with ATRA at a lower dose of 25 mg/m2/d until CR. Thirty patients with APL were treated with ATRA, of whom 12 were previously untreated, 14 were in first relapse, and 4 had failed after conventional first induction chemotherapy. Twenty-four of 30 achieved CR, 3 failed, and 3 died before day 30. Median time to CR was 45 days. Hyperleucocytosis (14 to 43 x 10(9) white blood cells per liter) was observed in 9 patients between days 10 and 23. Clinical complications that may have been related to the retinoic acid syndrome were observed in 8 patients, of whom 3 died. Pharmacokinetics studies were performed in 5 patients. Peak plasma concentrations and mean area under the concentration-time curve were not lower than previous levels obtained under the 45 mg/m2 dose. Overall, our study shows that there is no difference in terms of therapeutic efficacy, triggering of hyperleukocytosis, or retinoic acid syndrome and pharmacokinetic results with ATRA at 25 or 45 mg/m2/d.
Characterization of rare histological subtypes of ovarian cancer based on molecular profiling (2022)

This study revealed some genomic characteristics of rare malignant ovarian tumors, including NETs and CCC.
Design and Implementation of Web-based Course In Music Environment (2008)

Music was an effective approach to awaken the students' happy emotion and was the key to open the students' heart door. It was helpful for the learner to calm down, relieve the worry and enhance the study efficiency. With this, It was widely applied in all kinds of places. The Web-based course had received people's more and more favors because it provided more study opportunities, the richer the learning resources is and the more flexible learning environment. This paper first proposed the hypothesis of introducing music into Web-based course. Then the research about the feasibility of Web-based course was carried out. Finally, the concrete design and implementation of Web-based course in music environment was described in details. As a result, the proposed method could provide a comfortable learning environment for the online learner, and enable the learners to reach the best effect in study.