gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Two‐Step Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Open Questions on Noise in Metal Lines Subjected to High Current Densities (1999)

Several types of low frequency noise and fluctuations have been reported in literature in the case of metallic interconnections subjected to current densities in the range of a few MA/cm2. Notwithstanding that the investigated samples were very similar to one another, quite different behaviors were reported. In this paper a list of the most debated questions regarding the noise measurements as well as the interpretation of the results is given. The existence of three different phenomena (1/f noise, electromigration noise and thermally induced resistance fluctuations) is assumed in order to justify the discrepancies found in the literature. Moreover, the possible correlation between these phenomena and the degradation of metal lines caused by Electromigration is discussed.
Dostoevsky. The Seeds of Revolt 1821-1849 by Joseph Frank (Princeton University Press; 417 pp.; $16.50) (1977)

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Effects of inhibiting 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on plasma progesterone and other steroids in the pregnant mare near term. (1987)

Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-HSD was administered intravenously to a pregnant mare between 292 and 330 days of gestation at doses of 1-3 mg/kg/min. Plasma progesterone concentrations fell rapidly during epostane infusion in both the artery and uterine vein and remained significantly depressed for 4-5 h after the start of infusion. The venous arterial (V-A) plasma concentration difference in progesterone across the uterus also decreased significantly in response to epostane infusion. There were no significant changes in plasma progesterone or in the V-A concentration difference in control animals infused with vehicle alone. The plasma concentration of total unconjugated oestrogens in the uterine vein was reduced after administration of epostane but remained virtually unchanged in the control experiments. Uterine venous plasma concentrations of PGFM did not change significantly in the control or epostane-treated animals. Arterial plasma cortisol levels fell initially after epostane treatment but then rose to values significantly greater than before infusion. A similar increase in arterial plasma cortisol was observed in the control animals. None of the mares delivered after epostane treatment even at the highest dose. These observations demonstrate that inhibition of 3 beta-HSD alters steroidogenesis but has little effect on the length of gestation in the pregnant mare.
Cardiac denervation evidenced by MIBG occurs earlier than amyloid deposits detection by Diphosphonates scintigraphy in patients with aTTR-FAP (2016)

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A study of the comparative effects of various means of motion cueing during a simulated compensatory tracking task (1980)

NASA's Langley Research Center conducted a simulation experiment to ascertain the comparative effects of motion cues (combinations of platform motion and g-seat normal acceleration cues) on compensatory tracking performance. In the experiment, a full six-degree-of-freedom YF-16 model was used as the simulated pursuit aircraft. The Langley Visual Motion Simulator (with in-house developed wash-out), and a Langley developed g-seat were principal components of the simulation. The results of the experiment were examined utilizing univariate and multivariate techniques.The statistical analyses demonstrate that the platform motion and g-seat cues provide additional information to the pilot that allows substantial reduction of lateral tracking error. Also, the analyses show that the g-seat cue helps reduce vertical error. The differences in pilot control behavior make it impossible to statistically determine if the motion platform and g-seat cues have an additive effect, or whether the motion or g-seat cues can be interchanged. However, it is anticipated that additional data will overcome this problem.
<title>Modular dry-coupled ultrasonic probes for field inspections of multilayered aircraft structures</title> (2005)

Most of the multi-layered aircraft structures including composite structures are still inspected primarily through various visual methods that require removal of multiple structural components to detect flaws in the internal layers of the structure. Some aircraft operators utilize for the multi-layered inspections more advanced NDI techniques such as X-ray. However, application of the X-ray technique still requires access to the bottom layers of the multi-layered structures for proper positioning of films or digital sensors. Additional time is also needed to comply with the safety rules for the X-ray inspection procedures. Hence, current inspection procedures for the multi-layered aircraft structures are fairly cumbersome, time-consuming and costly.

Application of the dry-coupled ultrasonic modules makes it possible to detect and characterize defects in the internal layers from outside aircraft skin without disassembly. The inspection technique is easy to use, and, at the same time, is sensitive enough to identify critical structural degradation caused by the defects. The dry-coupled inspection technique is also sufficiently rapid so that aircraft downtime is minimized. The modules are also suitable for concurrent flaw detection and sealant quality monitoring in the multi-layer aircraft structures. The concept of the dry-coupled transducer modules has already been tested on the DC-10 horizontal stabilizer (crack detection around fasteners).

Several current inspection procedures for aircraft multi-layered composite structures were reviewed to identify the areas for effective implementation of the dry-coupled ultrasonic techniques. Ultrasonic inspection techniques are being developed including flaw detection and characterization protocols for internal defects in various layers of the multi-layered structures. Modular dry-coupled ultrasonic transducers with exchangeable elements and digital encoding systems are being modified for applications on the multi-layered composite structures.
Reaction of Peracids with Δ20(21)-Steroid Enol Acetates (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Peracids with Δ20(21)-Steroid Enol AcetatesRobert Bruce Moffett and George Slomp Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 14, 3678–3682Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01643a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01643a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly(arylene ether ketone)-based bipolar membranes for acid–alkaline water electrolysis applications (2020)

Bipolar membrane is an attractive candidate for water electrolysis application, as it enables hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions to take place under optimal pH conditions, thereby minimizing the overall cell voltage for water splitting.
Ability of Surfactant Micelles to Alter the Partitioning of Phenolic Antioxidants in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2002)

In oil-in-water emulsions, the physical location of antioxidants can be an important determinant in their activity. Surfactants can potentially influence the physical location of antioxidants in oil-in-water emulsions by causing solubilization of lipid-soluble antioxidants into the aqueous phase. Excess Brij micelles in an oil-in-water emulsion were found to increase the partitioning of phenolics into the continuous phase with polar antioxidants (propyl gallate) partitioning more than nonpolar antioxidants (butylated hydroxyltoluene). Solubilization of propyl gallate was rapid coming to equilibrium in less than 5 min. Increasing surfactant micelle concentrations from 0.3 to 2.8% increased the solubilization of propyl gallate by 2.3-fold. Solubilization of phenolic antioxidants into the aqueous phase by Brij micelles did not alter the oxidative stability of salmon oil-in-water emulsions, suggesting that surfactant micelles influenced oxidation rates by mechanisms other than antioxidant solubilization.
The Pharmacist's Role in Controlling Bloodborne Infections with Emphasis on Procuring Safe Injection Systems (1990)

The hospital's department of pharmacy plays an important role in lessening the risk of bloodborne disease transmission through its influences in the coordination and control of the hospital's drug distribution system, intravenous (IV) admixture service and purchasing decisions with regard to injectable drug products. A review of drug distribution systems has shown that the unit-dose system is the most advantageous in terms of accuracy, safety, time savings and overall costs to the institution. Needlestick injuries are an occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Today, the need for safety in medication administration is a priority in injectable medication systems. Pre-filled cartridges offer a number of advantages, one of which is their safety in preventing needlesticks, through facilitating administration of medication quickly and easily and disposal of the needle immediately thereafter.
Protein Kinase C Inhibition of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Protein Kinase Activity is Independent of the Oligomeric State of the Receptor (1989)

Treatment of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) causes an inhibition of the high affinity binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to cell surface receptors and an inhibition of the EGF receptor tyrosine protein kinase activity. The hypothesis that PMA controls EGF receptor function by regulating the oligomeric state of the receptor was tested. Dimeric EGF receptors bound to 125I-EGF were identified by covalent cross-linking analysis using disuccinimidyl suberimidate. Treatment of cells with PMA in the presence of 20 nM 125I-EGF caused no significant change in the level of labeled cross-linked monomeric and dimeric receptor species. Investigation of the in vitro autophosphorylation of receptor monomers and dimers cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide demonstrated that the treatment of cells with PMA caused an inhibition of the tyrosine phosphorylation of both monomeric and dimeric EGF receptors. We conclude that the inhibition of the EGF receptor tyrosine protein kinase activity caused by PMA is not associated with the regulation of the oligomeric state of the EGF receptor.
Synthesis of a Fluorinated Ganciclovir Analog (1996)

Abstract The synthesis of a new ganciclovir analog with a trifluoromethyl group in the acyclic chain is described.
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease (2012)

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid ( ACP ), D iaphorina citri K uwayama ( H emiptera: P syllidae), is an important pest of citrus because it transmits phloem‐limited bacteria [ C andidatus L iberibacter spp., notably C a . L . asiaticus ( LAS )] associated with huanglongbing ( HLB ; citrus greening disease), currently considered the world's most serious disease of citrus. Asian citrus psyllid transmits LAS in a persistent manner and, although the rate of LAS transmission by ACP individuals usually is low, HLB can spread rapidly in a citrus grove and the geographic range of the disease is expanding, threatening citrus industries in new areas. Intensive chemical control of ACP is the primary management strategy currently advocated for HLB , but this strategy is costly, unsustainable, and generally ineffective. The scientific community is searching aggressively for solutions to HLB on many fronts, but it could still be years before solutions are found and implemented. Plant resistance to LAS is one area of research being pursued, whereby traits that confer resistance are identified and incorporated into citrus germplasm through conventional or transgenic methods. It remains to be seen if a solution to HLB can be found that specifically targets ACP , but research on ACP has been stepped up in a number of areas, notably on ACP – LAS –plant interactions, on host plant resistance to ACP , and on molecular methods of silencing ACP genes to induce mortality or to block its ability to transmit HLB ‐causing bacteria. Advancements in these and other research areas may depend greatly on a better understanding of basic ACP biology and vector–pathogen–host plant interactions at the molecular, cellular, and community levels. Here, we present an updated review of ACP and HLB with an emphasis on the problem in Florida.
Stereocontrolled Polymerization of Diene Monomers within a Tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene Tunnel Clathrate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled Polymerization of Diene Monomers within a Tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene Tunnel ClathrateHarry R. Allcock, Gary K. Dudley, and Eric N. SilverbergCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4, 1039–1044Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00082a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00082a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speckle amplitude and phase recovering with bandwidth-extended digital holographic algorithms (2010)

New double FFT convolution algorithms based on the use of spatial spectrum scanning or numerical spherical reconstruction wave allow the full complex amplitude of large objects to be reconstructed. Experimental results in color holography and contact less metrology validate the proposed methods.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetes: the agonist versus antagonist paradox. (1999)

Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes is primarily attributable to sequelae of microvascular and macrovascular disease. Over the past decade, dramatic progress has been achieved in elucidating the fundamental processes underlying the pathogenesis of these complications. Angiogenic factors in particular now appear to play a pivotal role in the development of microvascular complications as well as the response to macrovascular disease. Hyperglycemia, other growth factors, advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and ischemia can increase growth factor expression. In some microvascular tissues, the result is pathologic neovascularization and increased vascular permeability. These responses account for much of the visual loss associated with diabetic retinopathy and may, in addition, serve a significant role in nephropathy and neuropathy. In contrast, recent data suggest that vascular collateralization resulting from ischemia-induced growth factor release in tissues compromised by macrovascular disease may be important in reducing clinical symptoms and tissue damage. This angiogenic response, which may be beneficial in coronary artery and peripheral limb disease, appears to be reduced in patients with diabetes. Thus, two apparently diametrically opposed therapeutic paradigms are arising for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. Indeed, growth factor antagonists have been used successfully in diabetes-related animal models to block angiogenic and permeability complications in the retina and kidney. Conversely, growth factor agonists have been successfully used to stimulate collateral vessel formation and reduce ischemic symptoms from macrovascular disease in the coronary arteries and peripheral limbs. Both of these approaches are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for their respective indications. Thus, as these divergent therapeutic modalities begin to enter the clinical arena, this apparent paradox necessitates careful consideration of the potential risks, benefits, and interactions of the opposing regimens. Using vascular endothelial growth factor as a classic example of growth factor involvement, we discuss the current preclinical and clinical data supporting these approaches and the implications arising from the probable coexistence of these two therapeutic modalities.
Learning-based Sustainable Multi-User Computation Offloading for Mobile Edge-Quantum Computing (2022)

In this paper, a novel paradigm of mobile edge-quantum computing (MEQC) is proposed, which brings quantum computing capacities to mobile edge networks that are closer to mobile users (i.e., edge devices). First, we propose an MEQC system model where mobile users can offload computational tasks to scalable quantum computers via edge servers with cryogenic components and fault-tolerant schemes. Second, we show that it is NP-hard to obtain a centralized solution to the partial offloading problem in MEQC in terms of the optimal latency and energy cost of classical and quantum computing. Third, we propose a multi-agent hybrid discrete-continuous deep reinforcement learning using proximal policy optimization to learn the long-term sustainable offloading strategy without prior knowledge. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce at least 30% of the cost compared with the existing baseline solutions under different system settings.
Design of Life Usage Monitoring System of Aeroengine Critical Part (2000)

It takes very important role that aeroengine load and life monitoring technology in monitoring and assessing operating condition, life consumptiom and remaining life of aeroengine. It can improve the safety and reliability, and reduce direct usage cost of engine. In this paper, the life usage monitoring system is including data condensing processing,LCF counting for every flight and Low Cycle Fatigue, Thermal Fatigue, Creep, and any combination of them can be dealt with. The information obtained by life monitoring system is very useful for the database of part management which will be used to track the life usage of the engine parts.
A Convex Parimutuel Formulation for Contingent Claim Markets (2006)

In this paper we study the problem of centrally organizing a market where the participants submit bids for contingent claims over the outcome of a future event and the market organizer must determine which bids to accept. The bidder will select a set of future states and a price at which he is willing to buy the contingent claims. By accepting a bid, the market organizer agrees to pay the bidder a fixed amount if one of the bidder's selected states is realized. We will specifically study markets which are run as call auctions where the organizer holds the auction open until a certain time and then determines the bids to accept and reject. This type of market has broad usage in financial markets, betting markets and general prediction markets. Lange and Economides (8) have developed a parimutuel mechanism for solving such a market with many positive characteristics. However, one drawback of their formulation is that their mathematical model is not convex and no ef- ficient algorithm is known to solve it. In this paper, we introduce a new mathematical formulation called the Con- vex Parimutuel Call Auction Mechanism (CPCAM). This formulation produces many of the same advantageous prop- erties of the Lange and Economides model but can more easily be solved due to its convexity. In particular, our model yields the first fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for the problem. Moreover, we show that our model actually produces identical state prices as the Lange and Economides model. As a corollary, we show that by first obtaining the state prices from our model, the Lange and Economides model becomes a linear program and hence can be solved in polynomial time.
Host–Guest Chemistry Within Cellulose Nanocrystal Gel Receptors (2020)

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) spontaneously assemble into gels when mixed with a polyionic organic or inorganic salt. Here, we have used this ion-induced gelation strategy to create functional CNC gels with a rigid tetracationic macrocycle, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT<sup>4+</sup> ). Addition of [CBPQT]Cl<sub>4</sub> to CNCs causes gelation and embeds an active host inside the material. The fabricated CNC gels can reversibly absorb guest molecules from solution then undergo molecular recognition processes that create colorful host-guest complexes. These materials have been implemented in gel chromatography (for guest exchange and separation), and as elements to encode 2- and 3-dimensional patterns. We anticipate that this concept might be extended to design a set of responsive and selective gel-like materials functioning as, for instance, water-pollutant scavengers, substrates for chiral separations, or molecular flasks.
Modelling Market Crashes: The Worst Case Scenario (1999)

Jump diffusion models have two weaknesses: they don't allow you to hedge and the parameters are very hard to measure. Nobody likes a model that tells you that hedging is impossible (even though that may correspond to common sense) and in the classical jump-diffusion model of Merton the best that you can do is a kind of average hedging. It may be quite easy to estimate the impact of a rare event such as a crash, but estimating the probability of that rare event is another matter. In this paper we discuss a model for pricing and hedging a portfolio of derivatives that takes into account the effect of an extreme movement in the underlying but we will make no assumptions about the timing of this 'crash' or the probability distribution of its size except that we put an upper bound on the latter. This effectively gets around the difficulty of estimating the likelihood of the rare event. The pricing follows from the assumption that the worst scenario actually happens i.e. the size and time of the crash are such as to give the option its worst value. And hedging, delta and static hedging, will continue to play a key role.