gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Docosahexanoic Acid (DHA) Improved Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in KK-Ay Mice with Genetic Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). (1997)

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22: 6omega-3) ethyl ester was examined in KK-Ay mice and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic (NSZ) which are respectively obese and lean animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and in ddY normal mice. Single administration of DHA (500 mg/kg body weight) to KK-Ay mice significantly reduced (p<0.05) the blood glucose levels (BG) (p<0.05) and plasma free fatty acid levels (FFA) (p<0.05) at 10 h after oral administration when compared with control group. DHA (500 mg/kg body weight)-treated NSZ and normal mice, however, showed no change in these parameters. In addition, repeated administration of DHA (100 mg/kg) to KK-Ay mice significantly suppressed the increment of BG (p<0.05) and plasma triglyceride levels (TG) (p<0.01), and significantly decreased FFA (p<0.05) at 30 d compared with control group. DHA also significantly decreased the blood glucose at 60 and 120 min on insulin tolerance test (ITT). From these findings, it seems likely that DHA exhibits its hypoglycemic effects by increasing insulin sensitivity. It is concluded that DHA would be useful for treatment of obese type NIDDM with insulin resistance.
mRNA metabolism and post-transcriptional gene regulation (1997)

Partial table of contents: RNA Structure (E. Puglisi & J. Puglisi). Transcription and Transcriptional Control: An Overview (I. Olave, et al.). Constitutive and Alternative mRNA Splicing (S. Bernstein & D. Hodges). mRNA Polyadenylation: Functional Implications (E. Baker). RNA Export from the Nucleus (L. Maquat). The Intracellular mRNA Sorting System: Postal Codes, Zip Codes, Mail Bags and Mail Boxes (O. Steward & R. Singer). The Fundamentals of Translation Initiation (H. Huang & T. Donahue). Mechanisms of mRNA Turnover in Eukaryotic Cells (S. Tharun & R. Parker). Control of mRNA Decay in Plants (A. van Hoof & P. Green). mRNA Metabolism and Cancer (M. Korth & M. Katze). Translational Regulation in Animal Virus-Infected Cells (R. Schneider). RNA Decay by the Interferon-Regulated 2-5A System as a Host Defense Against Viruses (R. Silverman & N. Cirino). Control of mRNA Stability During Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (G. Read). Regulation of mRNA Expression in HIV-1 and Other Retroviruses (B. Felber). Index.
Modeling surface deformation of geothermal environments with high-fidelity finite element models (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The geothermal environment is an assembly of heterogeneous geological settings and complex interactions among different phases of rock and fluid medium. The artificial activities of energy production could further interplay with the on-going natural processes within volcanos, hotspots, and other geothermal areas to result in spatiotemporal signatures of displacements near the surface. Here, we study the temporal ground deformation near a geothermal site through processing Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series data obtained over the past decades, as reconciled with the nearby GPS station. To interpret these signals and potentially reveal the reservoir&amp;amp;#8217;s temporal activity, we employ state-of-art finite element models (FEMs) to simulate a more realistic crustal domain near the energy-production zone with irregular reservoir geometry, distributed rock materials, and surface topography. Linear Bayesian geodetic inversion and Green&amp;amp;#8217;s function library area were adopted to quantify the cause of surface subsidence, as compared to the documented production history. Our study demonstrates an unprecedented approach to precisely simulate the elastic deformation caused by geothermal energy extraction and pumping, providing an important platform to further explore the in-depth evolving stress state and its relation to surrounding induced and natural seismicity.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Liver Transplantation for Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease (1991)

This case describes a patient with cholesteryl ester storage disease who underwent liver transplantation for progressive cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and uncontrollable gastrointestinal bleeding. Four and one-half years posttransplant, her growth improved, cholesterol levels have returned to normal, and she is clinically well except for mild hypersplenism and an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Serum triglycerides remain elevated, but there have been no signs of progressive renal, intestinal, vascular, or pulmonary disease.
Isolation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities from Soil (2015)

Rhizosphere bacterial communities have become a major focal point of research in recent years, especially regarding how they affect plants and vice versa (Philippot et al., 2013). Changes in microbial density and diversity within the rhizosphere occur in a spatial temporal manner. The soil zone closest to the plant roots has the most density and diversity of microbes (Clark, 1940). The lack of methods to consistently isolate rhizosphere samples in a spatially defined manner is a major bottleneck in rhizosphere microbiology. We hypothesized that microbes with increasing affinities to and distance from the plant root can be isolated using increasing strengths of physical disruption. Sonication is an excellent choice due to the ability to gently remove rhizosphere soil and bacterial biofilms without damaging plant roots (Doi T et al., 2007; Bulgarelli et al., 2012; Lundberg et al., 2012). In addition, simply increasing the time of sonication can increase the amount of physical force. We used such an approach to consistently isolate microbial communities with different affinities to the soybean roots (White et al., 2014). This article describes the use of successive sonication to isolate distal, middle, and proximal soil from the rhizosphere of soybean roots.
Novel Small Molecule Agonist of TGR5 Possesses Anti-Diabetic Effects but Causes Gallbladder Filling in Mice (2015)

Activation of TGR5 via bile acids or bile acid analogs leads to the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from intestine, increases energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue, and increases gallbladder filling with bile. Here, we present compound 18, a non-bile acid agonist of TGR5 that demonstrates robust GLP-1 secretion in a mouse enteroendocrine cell line yet weak GLP-1 secretion in a human enteroendocrine cell line. Acute administration of compound 18 to mice increased GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) secretion, leading to a lowering of the glucose excursion in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), while chronic administration led to weight loss. In addition, compound 18 showed a dose-dependent increase in gallbladder filling. Lastly, compound 18 failed to show similar pharmacological effects on GLP-1, PYY, and gallbladder filling in Tgr5 knockout mice. Together, these results demonstrate that compound 18 is a mouse-selective TGR5 agonist that induces GLP-1 and PYY secretion, and lowers the glucose excursion in an OGTT, but only at doses that simultaneously induce gallbladder filling. Overall, these data highlight the benefits and potential risks of using TGR5 agonists to treat diabetes and metabolic diseases.
Crystal and molecular structure of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 from barley seeds in complex with subtilisin Novo (1985)

The serine proteinase inhibitor from barley seeds, chymotrypsin inhibitor 2(CI-2), has been crystallized in a molecular complex with subtilisin Novo (EC 3.4.21.14). The crystal structure of this complex has been determined at 2.1-A resolution by the molecular replacement method and partially refined by restrained-parameter least-squares methods. The present crystallographic R factor (SigmaFo[unk] - [unk]Fc/Sigma[unk]Fo[unk]) is 0.193. CI-2 is a member of the potato inhibitor 1 family; it is a serine proteinase inhibitor lacking disulfide bonds. Comparison of the subtilisin molecule in this complex with the native subtilisin shows that the two molecules are very similar in structure. The inhibitor binds in a mode presumably resembling that of a true substrate, but it is not cleaved. This is in accord with the reported structures of other serine proteinase-inhibitor complexes. CI-2 consists of a four-stranded mixed parallel and antiparallel beta-sheet against which an alpha-helix packs to form a hydrophobic core. A wide loop crossover connection between parallel strands 2 and 3 of the beta-sheet contains the reactive-site bond. The conformation of the four residues to either side of the reactive-site bond is similar to that of the analogous residues in the third domain of the turkey ovomucoid inhibitor (Kazal family); the overall polypeptide chain fold of these inhibitors and the location of the reactive site in the respective chains are different.
Adenine nucleotide degradation during energy depletion in human lymphoblasts. Adenosine accumulation and adenylate energy charge correlation. (1979)

Adenine nucleotide breakdown to nucleosides and purine bases was measured in cultures of human lymphoblastoid cells following: 1) the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of glucose or 2) the addition of 2-deoxyglucose. A mutant cell line, deficient in adenosine kinase, in the presence of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor was used to measure utilization of the two pathways of AMP catabolism involving initial action of either purine 5'-nucleotidase or AMP deaminase. In such a system the appearance of adenosine induced by the oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, rotenone, implies that approximately 70% of AMP breakdown occurs via dephosphorylation. By the same method, deamination accounts for 82% of AMP breakdown when 2-deoxyglucose is added. The occurrence of AMP dephosphorylation is not correlated with elevated concentrations of substrate or with decreased concentrations of the inhibitors of 5'-nucleotidase, ATP and ADP. Dephosphorylation occurs if, and only if, the adenylate energy charge decreases to about 0.6 in these experiments. In cultures deprived of glucose and oxygen, adenine nucleotide degradation via dephosphorylation results in recovery of normal energy charge values.
Role of the elastin receptor complex (S‐Gal/Cath‐A/Neu‐1) in skin repair and regeneration (2009)

Impaired elastic fiber assembly constitutes one major problem in skin wound healing. Recent data indicate that a ternary complex involving a splicing form of beta-galactosidase associated with cathepsin-A and neuraminidase-1 directs the transport of tropoelastin to the fibroblast plasma membrane and participates in the deposition of the elastin precursor onto a microfibrillar scaffold. In addition, this elastin receptor complex is ubiquitously expressed and also acts as a true receptor for elastin-derived peptides produced during the initial stage of wound repair following elastase-mediated proteolysis action. Among the peptides generated, those having a x.G.x.x.P.G. motif upregulate (i) keratinocyte migration, (ii) endothelial cell angiogenic phenotype, (iii) fibroblast proliferation, and (iv) induction of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, type I collagen, and tropoelastin. All of these properties could accelerate the different stages of wound repair. Elastin-derived peptides from a chemical or a proteolytic digest of insoluble elastin alone or linked to the collagen scaffold significantly improve skin wound healing and dermal regeneration in vivo in several animal models. Such a beneficial influence has been recently extended to the treatment of burn patients. In this respect, recent investigations have focused on the design of elastin-derived peptides or elastin-building blocks, as obtained from peptide chemistry or by genetic engineering, to elaborate biocompatible elastin peptides, which are considered as ideal biomaterials for "catalyzing" skin repair and regeneration following injury.
Pseudomonas phage inhibition of Candida albicans (2017)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and Candida albicans (Ca) are major bacterial and fungal pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and notably in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. The bacteriophages of Pa physically alter biofilms, and were recently shown to inhibit the biofilms of Aspergillus fumigatus. To understand the range of this viral-fungal interaction, we studied Pa phages Pf4 and Pf1, and their interactions with Ca biofilm formation and preformed Ca biofilm. Both forms of Ca biofilm development, as well as planktonic Ca growth, were inhibited by either phage. The inhibition of biofilm was reversed by the addition of iron, suggesting that the mechanism of phage action on Ca involves denial of iron. Birefringence studies on added phage showed an ordered structure of binding to Ca. Electron microscopic observations indicated phage aggregation in the biofilm extracellular matrix. Bacteriophage-fungal interactions may be a general feature with several pathogens in the fungal kingdom.
Standard method for detection of magnetic defects in aircraft engine discs using a HTS SQUID gradiometer (1999)

We have developed a new high sensitive magnetic method for non-destructive testing (NDT) of small ferrous inclusions in aircraft engine discs. The measuring method is based on a second order gradiometer using three thin film Superconducting Quantum Interferometer Devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic sensors. The high balance of the gradiometer setup with a base length of 60 mm insures that the measuring system is extremely stable against external disturbances without having a magnetic shield. At the same time the resolution of the local magnetic field is high, about 130 fT/Hz/sup 1/2/. The system is suitable for NDT of technical components, especially for tests into large depth of parts with large size. Using this new method, the location, depth and size of magnetic inclusions in non-magnetic alloys can be determined. The method is used as a standard testing procedure in production quality control of aircraft engine discs.
Optimization of aPlasmodium falciparumcircumsporozoite protein repeat vaccine using the tobacco mosaic virus platform (2020)

<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> vaccine RTS,S/AS01 is based on the major NPNA repeat and the C-terminal region of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). RTS,S-induced NPNA-specific antibody titer and avidity have been associated with high-level protection in naïve subjects, but efficacy and longevity in target populations is relatively low. In an effort to improve upon RTS,S, a minimal repeat-only, epitope-focused, protective, malaria vaccine was designed. Repeat antigen copy number and flexibility was optimized using the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) display platform. Comparing antigenicity of TMV displaying 3 to 20 copies of NPNA revealed that low copy number can reduce the abundance of low-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) epitopes while retaining high-affinity mAb epitopes. TMV presentation improved titer and avidity of repeat-specific Abs compared to a nearly full-length protein vaccine (FL-CSP). NPNAx5 antigen displayed as a loop on the TMV particle was found to be most optimal and its efficacy could be further augmented by combination with a human-use adjuvant ALFQ that contains immune-stimulators. These data were confirmed in rhesus macaques where a low dose of TMV-NPNAx5 elicited Abs that persisted at functional levels for up to 11 mo. We show here a complex association between NPNA copy number, flexibility, antigenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of CSP-based vaccines. We hypothesize that designing minimal epitope CSP vaccines could confer better and more durable protection against malaria. Preclinical data presented here supports the evaluation of TMV-NPNAx5/ALFQ in human trials.
Chemical modifications of the antibiotic purpuromycin. (1993)

Purpuromycin, isolated in our laboratories from the culture broth of Actinoplanes ianthinogenes, is very active in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi and shows variable activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Its poor bioavailability, probably due to its insolubility in aqueous media at physiological pH's, and the fact that its activity is antagonized by serum, led us to plan a chemical program with the aim of understanding the relevance of the substituents for the antibiotic activity. The original 7-methoxycarbonyl group was transformed into more hydrophilic groups by hydrolysis, by reduction and by ammonolysis or in esters with different degree of lipophilicity and steric hindrance. Almost all of the derivatives retained activity against Gram-positive bacteria but lost activity against Escherichia coli and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Like purpuromycin, all of the derivatives show a reduced activity in the presence of serum.
Sorption of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in a Batch Reactive Metallic Iron-Water System (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in a Batch Reactive Metallic Iron-Water SystemDavid R. Burris, Timothy J. Campbell, and Valipuram S. ManoranjanCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 11, 2850–2855Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00011a022https://doi.org/10.1021/es00011a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views841Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Obtaining Smooth Hydrographic Profiles from a Buoy Deployed in Sea Ice (1992)

SALARGOS buoys that measure upper-ocean temperature and salinity in ice-covered seas have been collecting data in the Arctic basin for several years. The buoys consist of a 300-m-long string of six temperature-conductivity sensors at fixed depths, with a pressure sensor at the bottom. The electronics housing, including an Argos transmitter, is frozen into the sea ice. The buoy drifts with the sea ice, sampling a region described by the Lagrangian drift of the surrounding ice pack. When the ice is moving slowly, the relative water velocity in the upper ocean is low and the buoy simply produces hydrographic time series at six depths. In periods of rapid drift the buoy cable is displaced upward and the sensors sample other depths. Collecting such data over time can produce plots with relatively high vertical resolution. But to use this information, one needs a reasonable curve fit to these data similar to a smoothed version of a CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) cast. Two methods have been investigated parametric regression analysis and nonparametric smoothing routines. The quality of the parametric fits depends in part on the choice of analytical profile, as is demonstrated here by comparing the efficacy of a common three-parameter model with a more complete five-parameter model. Both share the advantage of containing explicit geophysical quantities (such as mixed-layer depth) as the free parameters of the system. The nonpammetric smoother, on the other hand, assumes no a priori knowledge of the underlying physics. The data are smoothed and interpolated onto a grid of depth values in a procedure that includes both median and mean running fitters, which results in a relatively small standard error. The standard error for the parametric routines is larger by a factor of 2 or 3, but these schemes produce better estimates of geophysical parameters such as mixed-layer depth. Either technique could also be used to gain enhanced vertical resolution with bottom-moored ocean buoys.
Electro-Optical Scanners (2015)

This entry begins with a brief overview of the linear electro-optic effect, including a qualitative description of its physical origins and examples for two of the most common classes of electro-optic materials (KDP and LiNbO3). The basic principles and concepts central to the operation and design of electro-optic scanners, such as scanning sensitivity, resolvable spots, and pivot point will be reviewed. The primary design types that are covered are scanners with rectangular, trapezoidal, and horn-shaped geometries. Examples of the integration of domain-inverted scanners with other components are also described.
Transcriptional silencing of Tyl elements in the RDNl locus of yeast (2011)

We demonstrate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the tandem array of ribosomal RNA genes [RDNl) is a target for integration of the Tyl retrotransposon that resuhs in silencing of Tyl transcription and transposition. Tyl elements transpose into random rDNA repeat units and are mitotically stable. In addition, we have found that mutation of several putative modifiers of RDNl chromatin structure abolishes silencing of Tyl elements in the rDNA array. Disruption of SIR2, which elevates recombination in RDNl, or TOPI, which increases psoralen accessibility in rDNA, or HTAl-HTBl, which reduces histone H2A-H2B levels and causes localized chromatin perturbations, abolishes transcriptional silencing of Tyl elements in RDNl. Furthermore, deletion of the gene for the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc2p, which ubiquitinates histones in vitro, derepresses not only Tyl transcription but also mitotic recombination in RDNl. On the basis of these results, we propose that a specialized chromatin structure exists in RDNl that silences transcription of the Tyl retrotransposon.
Poisoning with the north american jack o'lantern mushroom,Omphalotus illudens (1988)

Ingestion of Jack O'Lantern mushrooms by fourteen people led to vomiting in 8, diarrhea in 5, weakness in 2. Tiredness, the feeling of weakness and being cold occurred in 8. Recovery was complete within 18 hours.
New Experimental Congenital Diabetic Mice (N. S. Y. Mice) (1980)

New experimental congenital diabetic mice were obtained in the descendants of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes was developed by the administration of strepotozotocin in normal adult I.C.R. mice, and then these mice were mated to obtain the F1 mice. The F1 mice with impaired glucose tolerance were mated within the siblings. The same process was repeated over several generations. The diabetic features of the spontaneously diabetic mice thus obtained were as follows: 1) The mice did not show a tendency toward obesity. 2) Glucose tolerance of these mice, especially after the F6 generation, was remarkably impaired. However, the elevation of the fasting blood glucose level was slight throughout the generations. We propose to designate the congenital diabetic mice as the N.S.Y. (Nagoya, Shibata, Yasuda) mice. The N.S.Y. mice are considered to be useful models for human diabetes.