gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Object-Based Approach to Image/Video-Based Synthesis and Processing for 3-D and Multiview Televisions (2009)

This paper proposes an object-based approach to a class of dynamic image-based representations called ldquoplenoptic videos,rdquo where the plenoptic video sequences are segmented into image-based rendering (IBR) objects each with its image sequence, depth map, and other relevant information such as shape and alpha information. This allows desirable functionalities such as scalability of contents, error resilience, and interactivity with individual IBR objects to be supported. Moreover, the rendering quality in scenes with large depth variations can also be improved considerably. A portable capturing system consisting of two linear camera arrays was developed to verify the proposed approach. An important step in the object-based approach is to segment the objects in video streams into layers or IBR objects. To reduce the time for segmenting plenoptic videos under the semiautomatic technique, a new object tracking method based on the level-set method is proposed. Due to possible segmentation errors around object boundaries, natural matting with Bayesian approach is also incorporated into our system. Furthermore, extensions of conventional image processing algorithms to these IBR objects are studied and illustrated with examples. Experimental results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the tracking, matting, rendering, and processing algorithms under the proposed object-based framework.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Copper(II) and Manganese(II) Compounds Constructed from 5‐Sulfoisophthalic Acid (H3SIP) and 2,2′‐Bipyridine (bpy) Ligands (2008)

Abstract The compounds [Cu 2 (SIP‐O)(bpy) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] · 7H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Mn(HSIP)(bpy)] n ( 2 ) were synthesized by the hydrothermal reactions of Cu(OH) 2 or MnCl 2 , 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH 2 SIP), and 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the unprecedented hydroxylation of SIP 3– catalyzed by Cu 2+ occurs and produces the discrete SIP‐O 4– ‐bridged dicopper(II) compound 1 . The hydrogen‐bonding association of the seven lattice water molecules of 1 leads to the formation of an unusual 2D‐layered water consisting of fused four‐ and sixteen‐membered water rings and a discrete water octamer consisting of a cyclic tetramer and four dangling water molecules. Compound 2 is a 3D coordination polymer and has two kinds of topologically equivalent 4‐connected nodes based on Mn 2+ and HSIP 2– with a rare (4.6 5 ) topology.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
RETINAL PROCESSING NEAR ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD: From Behavior to Mechanism (2004)

Vision at absolute threshold is based on signals produced in a tiny fraction of the rod photoreceptors. This requires that the rods signal the absorption of single photons, and that the resulting signals are transmitted across the retina and encoded in the activity sent from the retina to the brain. Behavioral and ganglion cell sensitivity has often been interpreted to indicate that these biophysical events occur noiselessly, i.e., that vision reaches limits to sensitivity imposed by the division of light into discrete photons and occasional photon-like noise events generated in the rod photoreceptors. We argue that this interpretation is not unique and provide a more conservative view of the constraints behavior and ganglion cell experiments impose on phototransduction and retinal processing. We summarize what is known about how these constraints are met and identify some of the outstanding open issues.
Ray tracing Jell-O ® Brand Gelatin (1987)

Ray tracing has established itself in recent years as the most general image synthesis algorithm. Researchers have investigated ray-surface intersection calculations for a number of surface primitives, including checkerboards, glass balls, green fractal hills, mandrills, abstract blue surfaces, more glass balls, robot arms, pool balls, low-resolution clouds, morphine molecules, aquatic blobby things making strange noises, fantastic cities, and running skeletons. Unfortunately, nobody has ray traced any food. The Dessert Realism Project here at Pixar is addressing this problem. This paper presents new technology for ray tracing Jell-O&reg; brand gelatin. We believe the method may have application to other brands of gelatin and perhaps pudding as well.
The launch of Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (JEV), the official journal of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles – about microvesicles, exosomes, ectosomes and other extracellular vesicles (2012)

(2012). The launch of Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (JEV), the official journal of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles – about microvesicles, exosomes, ectosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles: Vol. 1, No. 1, 18514.
Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium in a boy with a novel chromosome 8p23.1 deletion (2011)

Interstitial deletion of chromosome 8p23.1 has been reported in patients with congenital heart defects, including atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonary stenosis, and complex cyanotic heart defects. GATA4, a zinc-finger transcription factor gene, has been localized to this region. GATA4 interacts with additional transcription factors in the embryogenesis of the primitive heart tube. Mutations in GATA4 are thought to be responsible for the congenital heart defects reported in association with this chromosomal deletion, and several familial point mutations leading to amino acid substitutions have also been identified. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by LV myocardial trabeculations and intertrabecular recesses that communicate with the LV cavity. Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with evidence of severely depressed LV systolic and diastolic function. The LV may be dilated or hypertrophied, and clinical expression may be undulating. Several genetic causes of LVNC have been reported, with variable modes of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and X-linked inheritance, but relatively few responsible genes have been identified. A 12-year-old boy with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, dysmorphic features, and LVNC with preserved LV systolic function was referred to the Cardiovascular Genetics Clinic at our institution. The patient was asymptomatic in terms of cardiovascular function. Chromosome microarray testing revealed an interstitial deletion in the region of 8p23.1 containing GATA4. LVNC has not been reported previously in association with this chromosome deletion. Further investigation into the role of GATA4 in patients with LVNC is warranted.
Agents that Buy and Sell: Transforming Commerce as we Know It (1999)

Software agents have become very popular in the last six or so years. They have been used successfully to filter information, match people with similar interests and automate repetitive behavior. More recently, the capabilities of agents have been applied to electronic commerce, promising a revolution in the way we conduct transactions, whether business-to-business, business-to-consumer, or consumer-to-consumer. This article surveys the technologies involved in buying and selling agents and discusses several agent-mediated electronic commerce systems in the context of a general model of the buying process.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transannulation of 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Nitriles. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correlated effects of exotic pollen‐fertility restorer genes on agronomic and quality traits of hybrid rye (2017)

Abstract In CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility)‐based hybrid rye ( Secale cereale L.) breeding, effective pollen‐fertility restoration is an essential prerequisite for achieving maximum grain yield on the one hand and for minimizing ergot ( Claviceps purpurea ) infestation on the other. Restorer genes for the CMS ‐inducing ‘Pampa’ cytoplasm derived from landraces collected in Iran and Argentina are used by breeders for achieving this goal. Here, restorer genes from four germplasm sources (‘Altevogt 14160’, ‘ IRAN III ’, ‘Trenelense’ and ‘Pico Gentario’) were analysed by producing three‐way cross hybrids between an elite CMS single cross and pollinators with and without a given restorer gene. Materials were evaluated on large drilled plots for restorer index ( RI ), grain yield, plant height and other traits in six environments. In experiment 1, a restorer gene from ‘Altevogt 14160’ was used. Seven pairs of marker‐selected carrier and non‐carrier backcross lines served as pollinators. In experiment 2, the pollinators were 17 backcross line pairs from the other three germplasm sources. These lines were grouped as high ( RI &gt; 67%) and low restorers ( RI &lt; 30%), respectively, using testcrosses with a highly diagnostic CMS tester. Hybrids carrying an exotic restorer gene suffered from a significant grain yield reduction by 4.4% and 9.4% and were 9.3 and 4.8 cm taller in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Thousand‐kernel weight was reduced, whereas quality traits were only slightly affected. For all traits, significant genetic variance existed among the testcrosses to the presence vs. absence of a given exotic restorer gene. This offers a chance for the breeder to reduce or ultimately overcome the presently observed performance reductions brought about by exotic restorer genes.
Collective revelation (2009)

Decision makers can benefit from the subjective judgment of experts. For example, estimates of disease prevalence are quite valuable, yet can be difficult to measure objectively. Useful features of mechanisms for aggregating expert opinions include the ability to: (1) incentivize participants to be truthful; (2) adjust for the fact that some experts are better informed than others; and (3) circumvent the need for objective, "ground truth" observations. Subsets of these properties are attainable by previous elicitation methods, including proper scoring rules, prediction markets, and the Bayesian truth serum. Our mechanism of collective revelation, however, is the first to simultaneously achieve all three. Furthermore, we introduce a general technique for constructing budget-balanced mechanisms-where no net payments are made to participants--that applies both to collective revelation and to past peer-prediction methods.
Identification of circulating microRNAs for the diagnosis of early-stage gastric cancer. (2017)

33 Background: The development of gastric cancer (GC) is a stepwise progression from non-active gastritis (NAG), chronic active gastritis (CAG) and precursor lesions of GC (PLGC: atrophy, metaplasia). Early detection of GC improves survival rates. Recent evidence has proposed circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) as biomarkers. The aim was to explore the c-miRNA profile of a cohort of non-GC and GC patients in order to identify early biomarkers of GC. Methods: Thirty-eight patients were enrolled: ten with NAG, nine with H. pylori infected with CAG, eight with PLGC, and ten with GC. GC patients were at TNM stages I and II. As quality controls, synthetic RNA was added during the isolation, cDNA synthesis, and PCR steps. MiRNA profiling was performed using Exiqon Human Panel I. Exploratory significance was set at P&lt;0.05 with fold change (FC)≥1.6. Results: Of the total of 372 miRNAs analyzed, 154 miRNAs were detected in all samples. miR-185-5p was used to normalize. Compared to NAG individuals, GC patients showed downregulation of three miRNAs. GC patients also showed reduced expression of miR-205 compared to H.pylori-infected patients with CAG. Five miRNAs were upregulated in GC patients compared to PLGC patients (miR-134, miR-204, miR-224, miR-409, miR-877). Finally, in comparison with non-GC, seven miRNAs were found to be deregulated in GC patients (miR-130b, miR-144, miR-205, miR-219a, miR-224, miR-451a, miR-501). Specificities calculated at 90% sensitivity were low and significant FC ranged from -3.2 to 2.8. Conclusions: Using miRNA qPCR quantification, we found a deregulation of c-miRNAs in early GC. However, our results also show low diagnostic accuracy for early GC due to the small FC observed and the overlap in the miRNA levels between non-GC and GC patients. Further validation in a larger cohort and a prospective study is needed to determine conclusively whether these miRNAs serve as biomarkers. In our opinion, new methods need to be developed in order to quantify c-miRNAs and improve their diagnostic accuracy. [Table: see text]
Performance of Containerized Database Management Systems (2018)

Cloud computing is heavily used by enterprises. Business applications are loaded into containers and executed in private, public or hybrid clouds. In contrast to commonly found stateless containerized services, database management systems need persistent storage and precise control over available resources. This paper describes the resource management and resulting performance properties of containerized databases.
Robust optimization of oil reservoir flooding (2006)

Over the recent years a variety of new developments have been introduced within the field of oil recovery, with the aim to maximize production of oil and gas from petroleum reservoirs. One of these new developments is the introduction of so-called &#x201C;smart wells&#x201D;, which are equipped with control valves to actively control the oil production. The optimal operational strategy of these control valves can be found using a dynamic optimization procedure. However, due to geological uncertainty inherent to reservoir modelling, the mismatch between the reservoir model and the real reservoir may become considerable. As a result, a model-based optimal solution may seize to be the optimal, but will yield sub-optimal or even worse results. Within this work a robust optimization approach is presented that takes the possibly large impact of the mismatch between model and reservoir into account using a set of multiple reservoir realizations.
Study Design and Interventions (2015)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;(A) Daily PrEP. Macaques were drug-treated 7–9 d before the first virus inoculation. Treated animals that remained negative during the 14 challenges received drug for an additional 28 d. Treated animals that became infected continued treatment to monitor plasma viremia and drug resistance emergence.&lt;/p&gt;\n &lt;p&gt;(B) Intermittent PrEP. Macaques received FTC and tenofovir only 2 h before and 24 h after each weekly rectal challenge.&lt;/p&gt;\n &lt;p&gt;(C) Untreated control macaques.&lt;/p&gt;\n &lt;p&gt;Infection of macaques was monitored weekly by PCR and serologic testing. The treatment groups were staggered; four of 33 macaques were used in two separate arms (see &lt;a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050028#st2" target="_blank"&gt;Methods&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050028#pmed-0050028-sd003" target="_blank"&gt;Text S1&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050028#pmed-0050028-st001" target="_blank"&gt;Table S1&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Laser Interferometer Measurement of Changes in Crayfish Axon Diameter Concurrent with Action Potential (1977)

Small rapid changes in the diameter of an axon takes place when an action potential progresses along the axon. In the giant axon of the crayfish these occur within a period of about 1 millisecond and are typically about 18 angstroms in total amplitude.
Chlor(trifluorphosphan)gold(I): [Au(PF3)Cl] (2006)

Abstract Chloro(trifluorophosphane)gold(I): [Au(PF 3 )Cl] X‐ray quality crystals of [Au(PF 3 )Cl] (orthorhombic, Pnma ) are obtained from a toluene / pentane solution at 6 °C. According to the result of the X‐ray structural analysis, [Au(PF 3 )Cl] contains an almost linear F 3 P‐Au‐Cl unit. The shortest Au‐Au contacts between two of these units are 3.3495(9) Å.
Cluster-Based Ranging for Accurate Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

A novel ranging technique based on received signal strength (RSS) and suitable to indoor scenarios is illustrated. In the proposed technique, multiple power measurements, associated with the signals radiated by a cluster of nodes surrounding a given target, are jointly processed to improve the quality of RSS-based estimation of the distance between the target and an anchor. Specific algorithms for the generation of a cluster and for the acquisition of power measurements are described. Simulation results show that, when used in indoor positioning systems, the proposed ranging technique is substantially more accurate than noncooperative strategies. In addition, it allows to concentrate significant processing tasks in a limited number of fixed anchors, so reducing maintenance costs and making it possible to adopt cheap and simple portable wireless nodes.
Unraveling Excitonic Effects for the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Chromophore Aggregates (2019)

Excitonic interactions often significantly affect the optoelectronic properties of molecular materials. However, their role in determining the nonlinear optical response of organic electro-optic materials remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the effects of excitonic interactions on the first hyperpolarizability for aggregates of donor–acceptor chromophores. We show that calculations of the first hyperpolarizabilty of chromophore aggregates based on a two-state model agree well with the more rigorous coupled perturbed Hartree–Fock method. We then use both time-dependent density functional theory calculations and the molecular exciton approximation to parametrize the two-state model. Use of the molecular exciton approximation to the two-state model (i) is appropriate for disordered aggregates (unlike band theory), (ii) is computationally efficient enough for calculating the first hyperpolarizability of materials that consist of thousands of interacting chromophores, and (iii) allows the unraveling of the effects of both excitonic interactions and electrostatic polarization of the chromophore electron density by its environment on the first hyperpolarizability of molecular materials. We find that use of the molecular exciton approximation to the two-state model does not introduce significant additional errors compared to those introduced by applying the two-state model alone. We determine that the absolute change to the first hyperpolarizability of chromophore aggregates due to excitonic interactions increases with the size of the aggregate. For all sizes of disordered aggregates of chromophores considered in this paper, the inclusion of excitonic interactions on average decreases the magnitude of the first hyperpolarizability by 12–14% compared to the case of non-interacting chromophores. Finally, we present a method for analytically calculating the first hyperpolarizability of a one-dimensional periodic array of chromophores within the molecular exciton approximation to the two-state model. This technique can be used to include an approximate correction for excitonic effects when simulating the electro-optic response of disordered and ordered organic materials.
Weakly Supervised Summarization of Web Videos (2017)

Most of the prior works summarize videos by either exploring different heuristically designed criteria in an unsupervised way or developing fully supervised algorithms by leveraging human-crafted training data in form of video-summary pairs or importance annotations. However, unsupervised methods are blind to the video category and often fail to produce semantically meaningful video summaries. On the other hand, acquisition of large amount of training data in supervised approaches is non-trivial and may lead to a biased model. Different from existing methods, we introduce a weakly supervised approach that requires only video-level annotation for summarizing web videos. Casting the problem as a weakly supervised learning problem, we propose a flexible deep 3D CNN architecture to learn the notion of importance using only video-level annotation, and without any human-crafted training data. Specifically, our main idea is to leverage multiple videos of a category to automatically learn a parametric model for categorizing videos and then adopt the model to find important segments from a given video as the ones which have maximum influence to the model output. Furthermore, to unleash the full potential of our 3D CNN architecture, we also explored a series of good practices to reduce the influence of limited training data while summarizing videos. Experiments on two challenging and diverse datasets well demonstrate that our approach produces superior quality video summaries compared to several recently proposed approaches.
Adaptive classification in a self-paced hybrid brain-computer interface system (2012)

As the characteristics of EEG signals change over time, updating the classifier of a brain computer interface, BCI, (over time) would improve the performance of the system. Developing an adaptive classifier for a self-paced BCI however is not easy because the user's intention (and therefore the true labels of the EEG signals) are not known during the operation of the system. For certain applications, it may be possible to predict the labels of some of the EEG segments using some information about the user's state (e.g., the error potentials or gaze information). This study proposes a method that adaptively updates the classifier of a self-paced BCI in a supervised or semi-supervised manner, using those EEG segments whose labels can be predicted. We employ the eye position information obtained from an eye-tracker to predict the EEG labels. This eye-tracker is also used along with a self-paced BCI to form a hybrid BCI system. The results obtained from seven individuals show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the non-adaptive and other unsupervised adaptive classifiers. It achieves a true positive rate of 49.7% and lowers the number of false positives significantly to only 2.2 FPs/minute.
Building Project Scope Definition Using Project Definition Rating Index (2001)

Poor scope definition is recognized by industry practitioners as one of the leading causes of project failure, adversely affecting projects in the areas of cost, schedule, and operational characteristics. Unfortunately, many owner and contractor organizations do a poor job of adequately defining a project's scope leading to a poor design basis. A research team constituted by the Construction Industry Institute (CII) has developed the Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) to address scope definition in the building sector. The PDRI for buildings is a comprehensive, weighted checklist of 64 scope definition elements presented in a score sheet format. It provides a tool for an individual or project team to objectively evaluate the status of a building project during preproject planning. This paper will discuss the PDRI development process, including input from over 100 industry professionals. Key project scope definition elements will be identified. The PDRI validation procedure, involving over 50 projects, will be discussed. A description of the potential uses of the PDRI and a summary of its benefits to the building construction industry will be outlined.