gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translocon closure to Ca2+leak in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (2009)

Vascular smooth muscle cells have a proliferative phenotype that is important in vascular development, adaptation, and disease. Intracellular calcium handling is thought to play pivotal roles in determining the properties of these cells, and thus previously unrecognized mechanisms for transmembrane calcium movement are of potential interest. An unsolved question is the mechanism of constitutive (passive) calcium leak from the intracellular stores. Studies of other cell types have suggested that the translocon is a calcium leak pathway. Here we investigated the contribution of the translocon in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells. Calcium leak into the cytoplasm was measured using fura-2, and protein synthesis was measured using radioactive methionine. Puromycin, emetine, and anisomycin are chemicals that inhibit protein synthesis, acting via the translocon; all three agents strongly inhibited protein synthesis in the smooth muscle cells within 1 h. Puromycin, which opens the translocon, evoked a transient increase in cytoplasmic calcium that was similar in amplitude to the calcium rise evoked by thapsigargin. The puromycin effect was abolished by thapsigargin. The treatment of cells for 1 h with emetine or anisomycin, which close the translocon, inhibited the calcium release evoked by puromycin but not the calcium release evoked by extracellular ATP, endothelin-1, or the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Thapsigargin-evoked calcium rises were slightly suppressed by emetine but unaffected by puromycin or anisomycin. The data suggest that the translocon has the capacity to act as a calcium leak pathway in the ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum but that it is normally closed and lacks relevance to physiological calcium leak mechanisms.
Role of iNOS and eNOS in modulating proximal tubule transport and acid-base balance (2002)

Our laboratory has previously shown that mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are defective in fluid absorption (J(v)) and HCO absorption (J(HCO3)) in the proximal tubule and develop metabolic acidosis. The present study examined the transport of fluid and HCO in the proximal tubule and acid-base status in mice lacking two other isoforms of NOS, inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). Proximal tubules were microperfused in situ in wild-type and NOS knockout mice by methods previously described (Wang T, Yang C-L, Abbiati T, Schultheis PJ, Shull GE, Giebisch G, and Aronson PS. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 277: F298-F302, 1999). [(3)H]inulin and total CO(2) concentrations were measured in the perfusate and collected fluid, and net J(v) and J(HCO3) were analyzed. These data show that J(HCO3) was 35% lower (71.7 +/- 6.4 vs. 109.9 +/- 7.3 pmol x min(-1) x mm(-1), n = 13, P < 0.01) and J(v) was 38% lower (0.95 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.54 +/- 0.17 nl. min(-1) x mm(-1), n = 13, P < 0.05) in iNOS knockout mice compared with their wild-type controls. Addition of the iNOS-selective inhibitor L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine, reduced both J(v) and J(HCO3) significantly in wild-type, but not in iNOS knockout, mice. In contrast, both J(HCO3) (93.3 +/- 7.9 vs. 110.6 +/- 6.18 pmol x min(-1) x mm(-1)) and J(v) (1.56 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.16 nl. min(-1) x mm(-1)) did not change significantly in eNOS knockout mice. These results indicated that iNOS upregulates Na(+) and HCO transport, whereas eNOS does not directly modulate Na(+) and HCO transport in the kidney proximal tubules.
The effects of electrical stimulation on glial cell behaviour (2022)

Neural interface devices interact with the central nervous system (CNS) to substitute for some sort of functional deficit and improve quality of life for persons with disabilities. Design of safe, biocompatible neural interface devices is a fast-emerging field of neuroscience research. Development of invasive implant materials designed to directly interface with brain or spinal cord tissue has focussed on mitigation of glial scar reactivity toward the implant itself, but little exists in the literature that directly documents the effects of electrical stimulation on glial cells. In this review, a survey of studies documenting such effects has been compiled and categorized based on the various types of stimulation paradigms used and their observed effects on glia. A hybrid neuroscience cell biology-engineering perspective is offered to highlight considerations that must be made in both disciplines in the development of a safe implant. To advance knowledge on how electrical stimulation affects glia, we also suggest experiments elucidating electrochemical reactions that may occur as a result of electrical stimulation and how such reactions may affect glia. Designing a biocompatible stimulation paradigm should be a forefront consideration in the development of a device with improved safety and longevity.
Validation of 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in TIPS stent grafts using a 3D-printed flow phantom (2023)

The in vitro accuracy and precision of 4D flow CMR is unaffected by the presence of TIPS stent grafts, suggesting that 4D flow CMR may be used to monitor TIPS patency in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Crystallographic Orientation-Dependent Dynamics in Individual Silicon Nanowires (2017)

Ultrafast optical microscopy was used to study carrier dynamics in individual Si nanowires with different crystallographic orientations. We found that the carrier lifetime in 〈h110〉-oriented nanowires increased with decreasing diameter, in contrast with previous observations.
Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with Parkinson's disease (2018)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that frequently results in memory disorders, cognitive decline and dementia. Previous studies have reported that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) serves an important role in cardiovascular disease risk, adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the role of PAI-1 in diagnosis and prognosis of patients with Parkinson's disease following deep brain stimulation (DBS) has not reported, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of PAI-1 in patients with Parkinson's disease. Plasma PAI-1 levels were measured in 102 patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent DBS. It was demonstrated that plasma PAI-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with Parkinson's disease compared with healthy individuals (P<0.01). Patients with Parkinson's disease received DBS presented significantly improved cognitive competence compared with controls (P<0.01). DBS significantly decreased plasma PAI-1 levels in patients with Parkinson's disease compared with controls (P<0.05). It was also observed that plasma PAI-1 levels were significantly negatively associated with cognitive function for patients with Parkinson's disease (P<0.01). In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the degree of Parkinson's disease severity is positively associated with circulating levels of plasma PAI-1 levels, which suggests that PAI-1 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for patients with Parkinson's disease.
SIMPLE-RC: Group Network Inference with Non-Sharp Nulls and Weak Signals (2022)

Large-scale network inference with uncertainty quantification has important applications in natural, social, and medical sciences. The recent work of Fan, Fan, Han and Lv (2022) introduced a general framework of statistical inference on membership profiles in large networks (SIMPLE) for testing the sharp null hypothesis that a pair of given nodes share the same membership profiles. In real applications, there are often groups of nodes under investigation that may share similar membership profiles at the presence of relatively weaker signals than the setting considered in SIMPLE. To address these practical challenges, in this paper we propose a SIMPLE method with random coupling (SIMPLE-RC) for testing the non-sharp null hypothesis that a group of given nodes share similar (not necessarily identical) membership profiles under weaker signals. Utilizing the idea of random coupling, we construct our test as the maximum of the SIMPLE tests for subsampled node pairs from the group. Such technique reduces significantly the correlation among individual SIMPLE tests while largely maintaining the power, enabling delicate analysis on the asymptotic distributions of the SIMPLE-RC test. Our method and theory cover both the cases with and without node degree heterogeneity. These new theoretical developments are empowered by a second-order expansion of spiked eigenvectors under the $\ell_\infty$-norm, built upon our work for random matrices with weak spikes. Our theoretical results and the practical advantages of the newly suggested method are demonstrated through several simulation and real data examples.
Upper esophageal sphincter during transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation: effects of reflux content and posture (2010)

Although some studies show that the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) contracts during transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR), others show that it relaxes. We hypothesized that the posture of the subject and constituents of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may determine the type of UES response during the TLESR. High-resolution manometry and esophageal pH/impedance recording were performed in 10 healthy volunteers in the right recumbent (1 h) and upright (1 h) positions following the ingestion of a 1,000-Kcal meal. The UES pressure response during TLESR and constituents of GER (liquid, air, and pH) were determined. 109 TLESRs (58 upright and 51 recumbent) were analyzed. The majority of TLESRs were associated with GER (91% upright and 88% recumbent) events. UES relaxation was the predominant response during upright position (81% of TLESRs), and it was characteristically associated with presence of air in the reflux (92%). On the other hand, UES contraction was the predominant response during recumbent position (82% of TLESRs), and it was mainly associated with liquid reflux (71%). The rate of esophageal pressure increase (dP/dt) during the GER, but not the pH, had major influence on the type of UES response during TLESR. The dP/dt during air reflux (127 +/- 39 mmHg/s) was significantly higher than liquid reflux (31 +/- 6 mmHg/s, P < 0.0001). We concluded that the nature of UES response during TLESR, relaxation or contraction, is related to the posture and the constituents of GER. We propose that the rapid rate of esophageal pressure increase associated with air reflux determines the UES relaxation response to GER.
Titanium-added praseodymium silicate high-k layers on Si(001) (2005)

Titanium-added praseodymium silicate layers on Si(001) are promising high-k insulators for silicon-based nanoelectronic devices. Synchrotron radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied to study the effect of titanium additives on the praseodymium silicate/Si system. Nondestructive depth profiling by variation of the photon energy shows that thermal annealing activates the diffusion of deposited titanium into the praseodymium silicate. A homogeneous praseodymium titanium silicate layer is formed that shows high-quality electrical properties.
High-Throughput and Site-Specific N-Glycosylation Analysis of Human Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Offers a Great Potential for New Biomarker Discovery (2020)

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute phase glycoprotein in blood, which is primarily synthetized in the liver and whose biological role is not completely understood. It consists of 45% carbohydrates that are present in the form of five N-linked complex glycans. AGP N-glycosylation was shown to be changed in many different diseases, and some changes appear to be disease-specific; thus, it has a great diagnostic and prognostic potential. However, AGP glycosylation was mainly analyzed in small cohorts and without detailed site-specific glycan information. Here, we developed a cost-effective method for a high-throughput and site-specific N-glycosylation LC-MS analysis of AGP which can be applied on large cohorts, aid in search for novel disease biomarkers, and enable better understanding of AGP's role and function in health and disease. The method does not require isolation of AGP with antibodies and affinity chromatography, but AGP is enriched by acid precipitation from 5 μl of bloodplasma in a 96-well format. After trypsinization, AGP glycopeptides are purified using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid-phase extraction and analyzed by reversed-phase-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS. We used our method to show for the first time that AGP N-glycan profile is stable in healthy individuals (14 individuals in three time points), which is a requirement for evaluation of its diagnostic potential. Furthermore, we tested our method on a population including individuals with registered hyperglycemia in critical illness (59 cases and 49 controls), which represents a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Individuals at higher risk of diabetes presented increased N-glycan branching on AGP's second glycosylation site and lower sialylation of N-glycans on AGP's third and AGP1's fourth glycosylation site. Although this should be confirmed on a larger prospective cohort, it indicates that site-specific AGP N-glycan profile could help distinguish individuals who are at risk of type 2 diabetes.
New transmission-decoding schemes based on Reed-Solomon codes (2010)

A novel transmission-decoding scheme for Reed-Solomon codes is proposed that can be used for reducing the power requirements in digital communication systems. We take advantage of the erasure correction capability of RS codes and propose a new step by step erasure decoding method based on Berlekamp-Massey (BM) algorithm for them. In this scenario, only one part of the symbols of each RS codeword is sent from the transmitter and the rest are considered as erasures. If the decoding was not successful, the receiver asks for more symbols to be sent. Since the number of required symbols for successful decoding is different for different signal to noise ratios (SNRs), the rate of the equivalent RS code is not constant and depends on the SNR. Our method results in considerable improvement of the performance of the system compared to the standard transmission and hard decision decoding.
Evidence for a GABAergic projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the brainstem of the macaque monkey: a combined retrograde tracing andin situhybridization study (1998)

The central nucleus of the amygdala is interconnected with a variety of visceral and autonomic nuclei of the brainstem. These include the parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the nucleus ambiguus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Despite repeated attempts, neurochemical characterization of the major subcortical connections of the central nucleus has not yet been accomplished. Based on earlier immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization evidence indicating the presence of numerous GABAergic neurons in the macaque monkey central nucleus, we predicted that a sizeable portion of the descending projections may be GABAergic. We tested this hypothesis using a novel double labelling method with gold conjugated WGA-apoHRP as a retrograde tracer and in situ hybridization for detecting the mRNA that encodes the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) as a marker for GABAergic cells. Following WGA-apoHRP-gold injections into the brainstem, a large number of retrogradely labelled cells was observed in the medial and lateral divisions of the central nucleus. Of the retrogradely labelled cells observed in the medial division of the central nucleus, approximately half were double-labelled for GAD67 mRNA; about 30% double labelling was observed in the lateral division. These data support the view that a sizeable component of the central nucleus projection to the brainstem is GABAergic.
Defective thrombus formation in mice lacking endogenous factor VII activating protease (FSAP) (2014)

Factor VII (FVII) activating protease (FSAP) is a circulating protease with a putative function in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Genetic epidemiological studies have implied a role for FSAP in carotid stenosis, stroke and thrombosis. To date, no in vivo evidence is available to support these claims. We have, for the first time, used FSAP-/- mice to define its role in thrombosis and haemostasis in vivo and to characterise the molecular mechanisms involved. FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis in carotid and mesenteric artery revealed that the occlusion time was significantly increased in FSAP-/- mice (p< 0.01) and that some FSAP-/- mice did not occlude at all. FSAP-/- mice were protected from lethal pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen/ epinephrine infusion (p< 0.01). Although no spontaneous bleeding was evident, in the tail bleeding assay a re-bleeding pattern was observed in FSAP-/- mice. To explain these observations at a mechanistic level we then determined how haemostasis factors and putative FSAP substrates were altered in FSAP-/- mice. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) levels were higher in FSAP-/- mice compared to WT mice whereas FVIIa levels were unchanged. Other coagulation factors as well as markers of platelet activation and function revealed no significant differences between WT and FSAP-/- mice. This phenotype of FSAP-/- mice could be reversed by application of exogenous FSAP. In conclusion, a lack of endogenous FSAP impaired the formation of stable, occlusive thrombi in mice. The underlying in vivo effect of FSAP is more likely to be related to the modulation of TFPI rather than FVIIa.
Recognizing Emotion from Facial Expressions: Psychological and Neurological Mechanisms (2002)

Recognizing emotion from facial expressions draws on diverse psychological processes implemented in a large array of neural structures. Studies using evoked potentials, lesions, and functional imaging have begun to elucidate some of the mechanisms. Early perceptual processing of faces draws on cortices in occipital and temporal lobes that construct detailed representations from the configuration of facial features. Subsequent recognition requires a set of structures, including amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, that links perceptual representations of the face to the generation of knowledge about the emotion signaled, a complex set of mechanisms using multiple strategies. Although recent studies have provided a wealth of detail regarding these mechanisms in the adult human brain, investigations are also being extended to nonhuman primates, to infants, and to patients with psychiatric disorders.
Electro‐Deoxidation of Solid Chromium Oxide in Molten Chloride Salts (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anterior cervical plating update (2007)

Purpose of review: Anterior cervical plating has gained wider acceptance and undergone significant evolution over the last decade. A variety of plating options are available including static, semi-constrained rotational, and dynamic translational plates. In this review we will summarize the literature supporting these technologies along with recent developments in anterior cervical plating. Recent findings: There are no definitive studies to suggest that one type of anterior cervical plate is superior to another. Many retrospective case series have been published, but most of these studies are not well designed to address superiority of one type of plating technology over another. New technologies, including bioresorbable plates, extension plates for adjacent segment surgeries, and single screw per level plates, are now available. Biomechanical studies have been published on these new technologies, but clinical studies have not been reported. Summary: New technologies continue to be developed and marketed, although significant clinical data showing superiority of these technologies are lacking.
Digital Libraries and World Wide Web Sites and Page Persistence (1999)

Web pages and Web sites, some argue, can either be collected as elements of digital or hybrid libraries, or, as others would have it, the WWW is itself a library. We begin with the assumption that Web pages and Web sites can be collected and categorized. The paper explores the proposition that the WWW constitutes a library. We conclude that the Web is not a digital library. However, its component parts can be aggregated and included as parts of digital library collections. These, in turn, can be incorporated into "hybrid libraries." These are libraries with both traditional and digital collections. Material on the Web can be organized and managed. Native documents can be collected <i>in situ, </i>disseminated, distributed, catalogueed, indexed, controlled, in traditional library fashion. The Web therefore is not a library, but material for library collections is selected from the Web. That said, the Web and its component parts are dynamic. Web documents undergo two kinds of change. The first type, the type addressed in this paper, is &quot;persistence&quot; or the existence or disappearance of Web pages and sites, or in a word the lifecycle of Web documents. &quot;Intermittence&quot; is a variant of persistence, and is defined as the disappearance but reappearance of Web documents. At any given time, about five percent of Web pages are intermittent, which is to say they are gone but will return. Over time a Web collection erodes. Based on a 120-week longitudinal study of a sample of Web documents, it appears that the half-life of a Web page is somewhat less than two years and the half-life of a Web site is somewhat more than two years. That is to say, an unweeded Web document collection created two years ago would contain the same number of URLs, but only half of those URLs point to content. The second type of change Web documents experience is change in Web page or Web site content. Again based on the Web document samples, very nearly all Web pages and sites undergo some form of content within the period of a year. Some change content very rapidly while others do so infrequently (Koehler, 1999a). This paper examines how Web documents can be efficiently and effectively incorporated into library collections. This paper focuses on Web document lifecycles: persistence, attrition, and intermittence. While the frequency of content change has been reported (Koehler, 1999a), the degree to which those changes effect meaning and therefore the integrity of bibliographic representation is yet not fully understood. The dynamics of change sets Web libraries apart from the traditional library as well as many digital libraries. This paper seeks then to further our understanding of the Web page and Web site lifecycle. These patterns challenge the integrity and the usefulness of libraries with Web content. However, if these dynamics are understood, they can be controlled for or managed.