gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A soliton transmitter using a CW laser and an NRZ driven Mach-Zehnder modulator (1996)

We demonstrate a practical soliton transmitter in which optical pulses are simultaneously generated and encoded in a single external modulator driven by a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) waveform. The soliton system performance of this transmitter compares favorably with more commonly used soliton transmitters while at the same time being less complex. The transmitter was capable of sending pseudorandom data at 2.5 Gb/s through 12 000 km of fiber with a bit error of 10/sup -10/ in a system without frequency-guiding filters.
Effects of Jet Swirl on Mixing of a Light Gas Jet in a Supersonic Airstream (2013)

A non reacting experiment was performed to investigate the effects of jet swirl on mixing of a light gas jet in a supersonic airstream. The experiment consisted of two parts. The first part was an investigation of the effects of jet swirl and skew on the mixing and penetration of a 25 deg. supersonic jet injected from a flat surface (flush wall injection) into a supersonic ducted airflow. Specifically, the objective was to determine whether the jet would mix more rapidly if the jet were swirling, and whether swirl, with and without skew, causes the injectant-air plume to have a net circulation (i.e., a single or dominant vortex). The second part was a preliminary study of the mixing of swirling jets injected from the base of a skewed ramp. The hypothesis was that favorable interactions between vorticity generated by the swirling jet and vortices generated by the ramp could produce mixing enhancements. Both parts of the experiment were conducted at equal injectant mass flow rate and total pressure. The results for the flush wall injection cases indicate that, except relatively close to the injection point, swirl, with or without skew, does not enhance the mixing of the jet, and can in fact reduce penetration. In addition, a plume with significant net circulation is not generated, as had previously been believed. The results for the ramp cases indicated no improvements in mixing in comparison with the baseline (swept ramp injector) case. However, it was not possible to determine the vorticity mechanisms underlying the poor performance, since no measurements of vorticity were made. Thus, since many geometric parameters were chosen arbitrarily, the results are inconclusive for this class of injector.
3D Deep Learning for Anatomical Structure Segmentation in Multiple Imaging Modalities (2021)

Accurate, quantitative segmentation of anatomical structures in radiological scans, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computer Tomography (CT), can produce significant biomarkers and can be integrated into computer-aided assisted diagnosis (CADx) systems to support the interpretation of medical images from multi-protocol scanners. However, there are serious challenges towards developing robust automated segmentation techniques, including high variations in anatomical structure and size, the presence of edge-based artefacts, and heavy un-controlled breathing that can produce blurred motion-based artefacts. This paper presents a novel computing approach for automatic organ and muscle segmentation in medical images from multiple modalities by harnessing the advantages of deep learning techniques in a two-part process. (1) a 3D encoder-decoder, Rb-UNet, builds a localisation model and a 3D Tiramisu network generates a boundary-preserving segmentation model for each target structure; (2) the fully trained Rb-UNet predicts a 3D bounding box encapsulating the target structure of interest, after which the fully trained Tiramisu model performs segmentation to reveal detailed organ or muscle boundaries. The proposed approach is evaluated on six different datasets, including MRI, Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI and CT scans targeting the pancreas, liver, kidneys and psoas-muscle and achieves quantitative measures of mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) that surpass or are comparable with the state-of-the-art. A qualitative evaluation performed by two independent radiologists verified the preservation of detailed organ and muscle boundaries.
Daclatasvir, an efficient inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus replication complex protein NS5A: review of virologic data, treatment rationale and clinical trials (2013)

The treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with pegylated interferon α (PEG-α) and ribavirin (RBV) leads to a sustained virologic response in approximately 50% of patients with HCV genotype 1. A better understanding of the HCV life-cycle has resulted in the development of several potential direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs), targeting viral proteins (NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5B polymerase inhibitors, or NS5A replication complex inhibitors). This review summarizes the clinical data for daclatasvir (DCV; BMS-790052), the first NS5A replication complex inhibitor to enter clinical development, with potent activity, broad genotypic coverage in vitro, and a pharmacokinetic profile supportive of once-daily dosing. DCV, either in combination with PEG-α or in interferon-free regimens with other DAAs, has demonstrated a high level of antiviral efficacy and a generally well-tolerated safety profile in treatment-naive patients, and in prior non-responders to PEG-α/RBV. DCV is likely to become a key com...
Venture capital e investimenti in energie rinnovabili: caso QVC-Fotowatio (2009)

Gli investimenti in energia rinnovabile. Fonti di finanziamento a supporto delle FER. Il processo di intervento dei venture capital. Il venture capital e gli investimenti in energia rinnovabile. Caso: Qualitas venture capital e l’investimento in Fotowatio.
Application of the Mason−Schamp Equation and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry To Identify Structurally Related Compounds in Crude Oil (2010)

The various components of crude oil were structurally resolved using an atmospheric-pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) coupled with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS). An ASAP source was used to broadly fractionate compounds according to their boiling points, thereby simplifying the resulting mass spectra for easier data interpretation. The m/z-mobility plots obtained by IM-MS analysis of crude oil could be used to find the structural relationship between crude oil molecules. That was demonstrated using ion mobility mass spectra from a homologous series of compounds, differing only by the number of alkyl units, found in crude oil. The peaks from this series were linearly aligned in the plot, suggesting a continuous increase of the collisional cross section with an increase of mass values and hence the absence of significant structural differences within the series. In contrast, peaks in a homologous series differing only in the number of pendant hydrogen atoms were not linearly aligned, suggesting a discontinuous increase of the collisional cross section with an increase of mass values and hence significant structural differences due to the addition or removal of hydrogen. Cases in which a slope change was observed at three- or four-peak intervals may be related to the addition of an aromatic ring to existing structures. Overall, ion mobility mass spectrometry demonstrates a useful tool that can be used to elucidate structural relationships between molecules comprising crude oil.
A dominant spinocerebellar ataxia gene (SCA5) in a family descendent from the paternal grandparents of President Lincoln maps to chromosome 11 (1994)

Four different genes that cause spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1, SCA2, Machado Joseph`s Disease (MJD)/SCA3 and SCA4) have been mapped to chromosomes 6p, 12q, 14q, and 16q, respectively. We have examined and collected 170 individuals (56 affected) from a previously unreported 10 generation kindred (the Lincoln Family) with a dominant ataxia that is clinically and genetically distinct from those previously mapped. The family has two major branches from Indiana and Kentucky. Of historical interest is that both branches descend from the paternal grandparents of President Abraham Lincoln. While the ataxia in this kindred is disabling, the most striking clinical distinction from SCA1, SCA2 and MJD/SCA3 is that it is generally not life threatening. This clinical difference is explained by the absence of bulbar paralysis and lower motor neuron degeneration that causes respiratory muscle weakness. We have mapped the gene, SCA5, using microsatellite markers spaced at 20-40 cM intervals throughout the genome. After 75 markers, the first to demonstrate a lod score greater than 3.0 was D11S871 (Zmax=5.05). Four additional markers from the centromeric region of chromosome 11 also gave lod scores greater than 3. The highest lod scores were 12.3 for both D11S905 ({theta}=0.056) and D11S913 ({theta}=0.030). Multipoint linkage and haplotype analysesmore » indicate the most likely location for SCA5 is within the 7 cM interval between GATA2A01 and D11S913. A statistical analysis of the age of onset of parent-offspring pairs within the family supports (p<0.0002) the presence of anticipation. Several dramatic examples of anticipation have been observed in which grandmothers have onsets 10-20 years later in life than their daughters who have onsets 10-20 years later than their children. Interestingly, all four of the juvenile onset cases are maternally inherited, suggesting a maternal bias in anticipation for SCA5 rather than a paternal bias as seen with SCA1.« less
Constrained Multivariate Extrapolation Models With Application to Computer Cache Rates (2007)

In this article we propose an approach to building multivariate regression models for prediction beyond the range of the data. The extrapolation model attempts to accurately estimate the high-level trend of the data, which can be extended in a natural way. The constraints of monotonicity and convexity/concavity play an important role in restricting the choice of the high level-trend, which otherwise would remain rather arbitrary. Our extrapolation model incorporates these constraints in multiple dimensions. We describe the trend as a nonnegative linear combination of twice-integrated multivariate B-splines and their variations. The specific basis functions in our approach are chosen so that any such combination is a plausible a priori model. As a result, basis function coefficients can be optimized to best fit the data without losing control over the high-level trend of the extrapolation model. Our approach also allows the use of standard model selection techniques. We illustrate this by applying cross-validation to roughness penalty parameter selection. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by successfully applying it to modeling computer cache miss rates—a key problem in computer system performance analysis.
Schubfeld-Konstruktionen (1997)

Als ein weiteres Konstruktionselement des Leichtbaus sind Schubfelder /13.1/ anzusehen. Vom Aufbau her werden dabei umlaufend Rahmenprofile durch Blechfelder ausgefacht. Diese Technik findet man heute noch im Nutzfahrzeugbau, wenn ein stützendes Gitterwerk als kraftaufnehmende Struktur verwandt wird. Die Kraftaufteilung erfolgt dabei wieder so, daß die Gurte bzw. Pfosten die Längskräfte und das Blech die Schubkräfte aufnehmen.
INTELLIGENT AGENTS CREATE DUMB USERS (?) (1997)

The mythological ‘Daily Me’. At the recent NetMedia 97 conference at City University I watched a presentation by Steve Yelvington, Editor of the Star Tribune Online in Minneapolis. He was describing the development of an intelligent agent system called MOM (My Own Matrix) that the Star Tribune is developing to serve the needs of its readers.
New Approaches to Lymphatic Imaging (2009)

Accurate imaging of the lymphatic system can aid in cancer staging, optimize surgical procedures to reduce lymphedema, and may one day be a means of delivering intralymphatic therapy. The Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) concept has been pivotal in driving new imaging techniques. Metastasis to a SLN is a critical indicator of advanced disease. However, presently, few tools are available for imaging the lymphatics, and even fewer are available for locating the SLN for biopsy. Recently, new macromolecular agents, including gadolinium-labeled dendrimers, fluorescent quantum dots, and fluorescently-labeled immunoglobins, have been used to image the lymphatics and SLN with MRI and optical techniques, and new fluorescent nanoparticles such as upconverting nanocrystals are potential future agents. Additionally, multi-modality probes combining two modalities such as optical/MR dendrimers have been designed to provide both preoperative imaging, and intraoperative guidance during lymph node resections. These probes can map the lymphatic system for maximal therapeutic benefit while minimizing complications such as lymphedema. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic spread of tumors offer the opportunity for more targeted imaging of the lymphatic system. Additionally, these imaging agents could be used as powerful research tools for tracking immunological cells and monitoring the immune response as well as providing the means to deliver lymphatic-targeted therapies. The future holds great promise for the translation of these methods to the clinic.
The Theoretical Measure of the Ductility of Failure for All Isotropic Materials in All States of Stress1 (2016)

The ductile/brittle failure theory for homogeneous and isotropic materials is extended to give a rational and mathematically rigorous measure for the ductility of failure. This new failure number methodology is completely developed and proved to be valid and general. It applies to all isotropic materials as subjected to any and all states of stress. Not only does the failure theory predict the safety or failure for any given stress state, it then projects the quantitative ductility level for the failure stress state. Many important examples are given with detailed interpretations of the results and with guides for general usage.
Analysis on Adhesion Coefficient of Ice and Snow Pavement (2012)

The number of traffic accidents caused by ice and snow is generally three to four times higher than that in normal condition. In order to improve safety level when driving on ice and snow pavement, adhesion coefficient is a vital parameter need to be analyzed. The relations between adhesion coefficient and temperature, relative humidity, snow’s thickness, snow’s compactness were studied. And their relation models were established. These models may provide the basis for the road administration department to conduct traffic control decision-making according to the weather condition and the state of ice and snow.
Direct cloning by covalent attachment of probe DNA to target DNA (1998)

A novel cloning procedure which makes use of covalent attachment of probe DNA to specific target DNA is reported. We show that specific gene fragments found in complex genomes such as the human genome can be cloned directly from a pool of genomic DNA with very high efficiency. This direct cloning method totally eliminates certain steps in current cloning procedures such as construction of DNA libraries and colony (plaque) hybridization. The resulting process has made cloning methods simpler and more time efficient, while achieving high cloning efficiency due to the stable nature of the probe-target DNA complex through covalent bonding. Most importantly, since clones are directly obtained from a pool of genomic DNA, the isolated clones are considered to be faithful copies of the original genes. This has apparently solved the problem of isolating clones with misincorporated bases or chimeric DNA, both of which are often encountered in cloning processes using PCR or other methods involving in vitro DNA synthesis.
Vibrational spectra and conformations of 1, 4‐dibromobut‐2‐yne and 1,4‐diiodobut‐2‐yne (1992)

Abstract The Raman spectra of 1,4‐dibromobut‐2‐yne (BrBr) as a liquid at various temperatures and as an amorphous and crystalline solid at low temperatures were recorded in the 3200‐10 cm −1 region. IR spectra of the liquid at room temperature and of the amorphous and crystalline solids at low temperatures (4000‐50 cm −1 ) were obtained. Additional IR spectra of the vapour were recorded (4000‐500 cm −1 ). The spectra of the liquid phase showed characteristic, broad bands below 500 cm −1 . No temperature dependence was detected in these, and the spectra of the amorphous solid at 90 K are almost identical with the room temperature spectra of the liquid. A shoulder on the Rayleigh line was observed at ca. 20 cm −1 in the Raman spectrum of the amorphous BrBr at 90 K which tentatively, has been interpreted as the torsional mode. In the crystal an anti conformer was present, while the spectra of the vapour and the liquid were interpreted in terms of large torsional freedom. The Raman and IR spectra of the very unstable 1,4‐diiodobut‐2‐yne (II) as a crystalline solid were recorded in the 4000‐20 cm −1 range at low temperatures. Spectra of carbon disulphide solutions at temperatures 250–260 K were obtained and additional IR spectra of II in Nujol mulls and in KBr pellets were also recorded. In the region below 500 cm −1 , Where other 1,4‐dihalobut‐2‐ynes have characteristic, broad bands, a high irregular background was observed in the Raman spectrum of II in solution. The spectra agree with an anti conformer present in the crystal and nearly free internal rotation in the liquid. The vibrational assignments are supported by force constant calculations and by a correlation diagram for the vibrations of the six skeletal bending modes in 1,4‐dichlorobut‐2‐yne, BrBr and II.
Refinements of Stout’s Procedure for Assessing Latent Trait Unidimensionality (1993)

This article provides a detailed investigation of Stout’s statistical procedure (the computer program DIMTEST) for testing the hypothesis that an essentially unidimensional latent trait model fits observed binary item response data from a psychological test. One finding was that DIMTEST may fail to perform as desired in the presence of guessing when coupled with many high-discriminating items. A revision of DIMTEST is proposed to overcome this limitation. Also, an automatic approach is devised to determine the size of the assessment subtests. Further, an adjustment is made on the estimated standard error of the statistic on which DIMTEST depends. These three refinements have led to an improved procedure that is shown in simulation studies to adhere closely to the nominal level of signficance while achieving considerably greater power. Finally, DIMTEST is validated on a selection of real data sets.
309 Highly Sensitive Detection of the IDH1 R132H Mutation in the Plasma of Glioma Patients (2018)

Balaj, Leonora PhD; Carter, Bob S MD, PhD; Castellanos-Rizaldos, Elena; Peruzzi, Pier Paolo MD; Chan, Dalin; Zhang, Xuan; Skog, Johan Author Information
Using color in the X Window system versus Microsoft Windows. 1 (1998)

The authors explain how to use color under the constraints of a window system for three types of applications, discussing each topic in parallel for the X Window system and Microsoft Windows. They focus on using color in an application for labelling or decorations and displaying images for decorative purposes where color fidelity is not a high priority.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Characteristics of Metastatic Thyroid Cancers with Exceptional Responses to Radioactive Iodine Therapy (2023)

ER tumors have a lower MAPK output and higher TDS than NR, whereas NR have a high frequency of BRAFV600E and 1q-gain. Molecular profiling of thyroid cancers and further functional validation of the key findings discriminating ER from NR may help predict response to RAI therapy.
Strain relaxation and enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in BiFeO3:CoFe2O4 vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films (2014)

Self-assembled BiFeO3:CoFe2O4 (BFO:CFO) vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films have been fabricated on SrTiO3 (001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The strain relaxation mechanism between BFO and CFO with a large lattice mismatch has been studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared nanocomposite films exhibit enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as the BFO composition increases. Different anisotropy sources have been investigated, suggesting that spin-flop coupling between antiferromagnetic BFO and ferrimagnetic CFO plays a dominant role in enhancing the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy.
Thin Films for Advanced Glazing Applications (2016)

Functional thin films provide many opportunities for advanced glazing systems. This can be achieved by adding additional functionalities such as self-cleaning or power generation, or alternately by providing energy demand reduction through the management or modulation of solar heat gain or blackbody radiation using spectrally selective films or chromogenic materials. Self-cleaning materials have been generating increasing interest for the past two decades. They may be based on hydrophobic or hydrophilic systems and are often inspired by nature, for example hydrophobic systems based on mimicking the lotus leaf. These materials help to maintain the aesthetic properties of the building, help to maintain a comfortable working environment and in the case of photocatalytic materials, may provide external pollutant remediation. Power generation through window coatings is a relatively new idea and is based around the use of semi-transparent solar cells as windows. In this fashion, energy can be generated whilst also absorbing some solar heat. There is also the possibility, in the case of dye sensitized solar cells, to tune the coloration of the window that provides unheralded external aesthetic possibilities. Materials and coatings for energy demand reduction is highly desirable in an increasingly energy intensive world. We discuss new developments with low emissivity coatings as the need to replace scarce indium becomes more apparent. We go on to discuss thermochromic systems based on vanadium dioxide films. Such systems are dynamic in nature and present a more sophisticated and potentially more beneficial approach to reducing energy demand than static systems such as low emissivity and solar control coatings. The ability to be able to tune some of the material parameters in order to optimize the film performance for a given climate provides exciting opportunities for future technologies. In this article, we review recent progress and challenges in these areas and provide a perspective for future trends and developments.
Cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries based on sulfur covalently bound to a polymeric backbone (2020)

Polymeric cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries in which the sulfur is covalently bound to the polymer are summarized; differences in electrochemical performance to cathode materials in which the sulfur is physically confined are outlined.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Nano TiO<sub>2</sub> Coated on Fly Ash (2003)

Nano TiO 2 particles coated on fly ash were synthesized by the precipitation dropping method under various hydrolysis conditions in order to develop the low-price photocatalyst. The photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 coated on fly ash have been investigated. About 10 nm anatase TiO 2 particles and homogeneous precipitated layer were produced on the surface of fly ash under the conditions; pH 6 of the solution, 1.0 ml/min of the addition rate of NH 4 HCO 3 and 1000 rpm of the stirring speed. The crystallinity of anatase was increased with raising heating temperature and anatase was changed to rutile by heating at 800°C. The photocatalytic decomposition of acetic acid was affected by both the morphology and the crystallinity of precipitated TiO 2 particles.