gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diphosphacarbollide Analogues of the C5H5-Anion:  Isolation of thenido-Di- and Triphosphacarboranes 7,8,9-P2CB8H10, [7,8,9-P2CB8H9]-, [7,8,10-P2CB8H9]-, and 7,8,9,10-P3CB7H8 (2005)

Treatment of a solution of excess PCl(3) and PS (PS = "proton sponge" = 1,8-dimethylamino naphthalene) with arachno-4-CB(8)H(14) (1) in CH(2)Cl(2), followed by hydrolysis of the reaction mixture, resulted in the isolation of the eleven-vertex diphosphacarbaborane nido-7,8,9-P(2)CB(8)H(10) (2) (yield 34%) as the main product. Other products isolated from this reaction were the phosphacarboranes nido-7,8,9,10-P(3)CB(7)H(8) (3) (yield 5%) and closo-2,1-PCB(8)H(9) (4) (yield 15%). Compound 2 can be deprotonated by PS in CH(2)Cl(2) or NaH in diethyl ether to give the [nido-7,8,9-P(2)CB(8)H(9)](-) (2(-)()) anion, which gives back the original compound, 2, upon re-protonation. Thermal rearrangement of anion 2(-) (Na(+) salt) at 350 degrees C for 2 h produced the isomeric [nido-7,8,10-P(2)CB(8)H(9)](-) (5(-)()) anion, which was isolated as a PPh(4)(+) salt (yield 86%). Multinuclear ((1)H, (11)B, (31)P, and (13)C), two-dimensional [(11)B-(11)B] COSY, (1)H{(11)B(selective)}, (1)H{(31)P(selective)}, and gradient-enhanced ([(1)H-(13)C] HSQC) magnetic resonance measurements led to complete assignments of all resonances which are in excellent agreement with the structures proposed. Coupling constants, (1)J((31)P,(13)C), (2)J((31)P,C,(1)H), and (1)J((31)P,(31)P), were calculated using the DFT method B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p). The molecular geometries of all compounds were optimized ab initio at a correlated level of theory (RMP2(fc)) using the 6-31G basis set, and their correctness was assessed by comparison of the experimental (11)B and (13)C chemical shifts with those calculated by the GIAO-SCF/II//RMP2(fc)/6-31G method. The computations also include the structures and chemical shieldings of the still unknown isomers [nido-7,10,8-P(2)CB(8)H(9)](-) (6(-)) and [nido-7,9,8-P(2)CB(8)H(9)](-) (7(-)).
Sensory Fibers of the Pelvic Nerve Innervating the Rat's Urinary Bladder (2000)

Much attention has been given to the pelvic nerve afferent innervation of the urinary bladder; however, reports differ considerably in descriptions of afferent receptor types, their conduction velocities, and their potential roles in bladder reflexes and sensation. The present study was undertaken to do a relatively unbiased sampling of bladder afferent fibers of the pelvic nerve in adult female rats. The search stimulus for units to be studied was electrical stimulation of both the bladder nerves and the pelvic nerve. Single-unit activity of 100 L(6) dorsal root fibers, activated by both pelvic and bladder nerve stimulation, was analyzed. Sixty-five units had C-fiber and 35 units had Adelta-fiber conduction velocities. Receptive characteristics were established by direct mechanical stimulation, filling of the bladder with 0.9% NaCl at a physiological speed and by filling the bladder with solutions containing capsaicin, potassium, or turpentine oil. The majority (61) of these fibers were unambiguously excited by bladder filling with 0.9% NaCl and were classified as mechanoreceptors. All mechanoreceptors with receptive fields on the body of the bladder had low pressure thresholds (</=10 mmHg). Receptive fields of units with higher thresholds were near the ureterovesical junction, on the base of the bladder or could not be found. Neither thresholds nor suprathreshold responses could be related to conduction velocity. Bladder compliance and mechanoreceptor thresholds were influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle: both were lowest in proestrous rats and highest in metaestrous rats. Mechanoreceptors innervating the body of the bladder and the region near the ureterovesical junction showed two patterns of responsiveness to slow bladder filling. One group of units exhibited increasing activity with increasing pressure up to 40 mmHg, while the other group showed a peak in activity at pressures below 40 mmHg followed by a plateau or decrease in activity with increasing pressure. It is proposed that differences in stimulus transduction relate to the different response patterns. Thirty-nine units failed to respond to bladder filling. Eight of these were excited by intravesical potassium or capsaicin and were classified as chemoreceptors. The remaining 31 units were not excited by any stimulus tested. Chemoreceptors and unexcited units had both Adelta and C afferent fibers. We conclude that the pelvic nerve sensory innervation of the rat bladder is complex, may be sensitive to hormonal status, and that the properties of individual sensory receptors are not related in an obvious manner to the conduction velocity of their fibers.
Increased oxygen affinity with normal heterotropic effects in hemoglobin Loire [α88(F9)Ala→Ser] (1988)

Increased homotropic allosteric effect, while maintaining normal heterotropic effects, was observed in hemoglobin Loire. The oxygen binding curves, at equilibrium, and the kinetic measurements demonstrated that the substitution of alpha 88(F9) Ala for a Ser results in increased oxygen affinity and decreased n50 value. The function of the residues involved in the Bohr effect or in the regulation by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is not altered. The effects of bezafibrate, which binds specifically to the alpha chains, was similar to that observed in Hb A. The functional properties of Hb Loire may be explained by a slight displacement of some key residues of the C-terminal region of the alpha chain destabilizing the T structure.
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS): A new gene family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least four PRS genes, all of which have been cloned and sequenced. Each of the four derived amino acid sequences have more than 60% similarity to the corresponding polypeptides of man, rat, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The PRS1 gene maps on chromosome XI, PRS2 on chromosome V, PRS3 on chromosome VIII and PRS4 on chromosome II. One member of this gene family, PRS1, contains a region of non-homology (NHR) shown by cDNA cloning and sequencing not to be an intron. The results presented here suggest that the presence of this NHR is not detrimental to the function of the gene. To date the possibility of protein splicing can be neither proven nor disputed.
Investigation of the local superconducting properties at grain boundaries in high-Tc superconductors (1998)

Developing an atomic scale study of the structure-property relationships of grain boundaries in high-{Tc} superconductors is essential to understand their current dissipation mechanism and for incorporating these materials into viable devices. Thin YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on SrTiO{sub 3} symmetric bicrystals. Transport measurements in a magnetic field have been conducted across the grain boundaries through a wide bridge. The data obtained are consistent with microstructural observation in a VG Microscopes HB603 U and a VG HB501 UX dedicated STEM. Of particular interest in the study of high-{Tc} materials is the use of EELS, which can highlight the presence of non-superconducting regions through interpretation of the onset positions and fine-structure (ELNES) of characteristic core-edge features. This preliminary investigation has shown that the study of the grain boundary electronic microstructure in parallel with transport properties study should lead to a better understanding of the transport properties of the superconducting materials. In particular, it has been shown that transport measurements are consistent with a model where the grain boundaries are composed of weak links separated by a very small fraction of much strong links although more boundaries need to be studied to draw definitive conclusions and determine the real nature of these strong links.
Relationship of acetabular dysplasia in females with osteoarthritis of the hip to the distance between both anterior superior iliac spines (2014)

There was a significant relationship between the anterior superior iliac spine distance and the degree of acetabular dysplasia.
Correction: One-step synthesis of a dual-emitting carbon dot-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for the visual assay of Pb2+ and PPi and development of a paper sensor (2019)

Correction for 'One-step synthesis of a dual-emitting carbon dot-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for the visual assay of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and PPi and development of a paper sensor' by Yifang Gao et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 5502-5509.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis for Tissue Regeneration (2005)

Therapeutic angiogenesis/vasculogenesis represents a new approach to treating patients with ischemic disease not curable with conventional treatment. Manipulation of the angiogenesis program and transplantation of progenitor cells is hoped to overcome endogenous liabilities that impede appropriate healing in atherosclerotic or diabetic patients. Viral vectors represent the usual means for delivering curative genes, but new nonviral methods are gaining importance for their safer profile. The number of angiogenic substances suitable for therapeutic purposes is rapidly growing, and combinatory strategies offer distinctive advantages. Combating endothelial death or interfering with vascular destabilization may prevent organ failure. Ex vivo engineered endothelial progenitor cells have been proposed for the treatment of peripheral and myocardial ischemia. The approach eliminates the drawback of immune response against viral vectors and makes repeating the therapeutic procedure in case of injury recurrence feasible. Genetic manipulation of stem cells opens new avenues for regenerative medicine.
Ultrasonic inspection for the detection of debonding in CFRP-reinforced concrete (2017)

Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are extensively used to retrofit civil structures. However, the quality and the characteristics of the bond between the FRP and the structure are critical to ensure the efficacy of the retrofit. For this reason, effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods are often necessary to assess the bonding conditions. This article presents an ultrasonic technique for detecting defects at the FRP-substrate interface. The technique uses the Akaike Information Criterion, to detect automatically the onset of the ultrasonic signals, and the novel Equivalent Time Lenght (ETL) parameter, to quantify the energy of the propagating ultrasonic signals along the interface between FRP and concrete. The uniqueness of the ETL is that it is not affected by the coupling conditions between the ultrasonic probes and the structure. The proposed NDE technique has been tested numerically by performing 2D Finite-Element analysis and experimentally on reinforced concrete samples. The results show that the method is robust and cost-effective.
Regioselective Protection at N-2 and Derivatization at C-3 of Indazoles (2006)

Indazoles are regioselectively protected at N-2 by a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEM) group using novel conditions. The SEM group can efficiently direct regioselective C-3 lithiation, and the resulting nucleophile can react with a wide range of electrophiles to generate novel indazole derivatives. The SEM group can be removed by treatment with TBAF in THF or aqueous HCl in EtOH.
Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Reactivity of VO2+/VO2 + Redox Couple Using Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrodes (2014)

Several surface treatments for flow battery electrodes have been reported in the literature to enhance performance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery (RFB). An increase in carbon-oxygen functional groups has been correlated with an increase in rate of electron transfer for the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction and thus, enhanced performance of the all-vanadium RFB. It is proposed that surface oxide groups act as electron transfer mediators by providing reaction or adsorption sites. Thus far, treatments reported in the literature are difficult to compare, as the evaluation of each treatment varies. The use of carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes, prepared from treated felts, can be used as a definitive basis for comparing treatments and investigating the true effect of surface alterations. Reaction kinetics of the VO 2+ /VO 2 + reaction can then be calculated and compared across treatments. First, fabrication and sample mounting methods for the carbon fibers were verified by comparison to platinum ultramicroelectrodes. Then the role of the surface structure of carbon felts for the aqueous all-vanadium redox flow battery (RFB) was investigated. The graphite felt had undergone thermal, chemical, or electrochemical treatments in order to alter surface structure. The structure and composition of the felts was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), pulse voltammetry (PV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Thermally treated felts (300 o C for 30hrs in air) exhibited a loss of surface functional groups, but an increase in double layer capacitance attributed to an increase in the active surface area (9.9 times that of untreated). This suggests that available surface area plays a larger role than the specific functional groups on the surface of the carbon electrodes in increasing the electrokinetics of the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction.
Social Objects Description and Recommendation in Multidimensional Social Networks: OCSO Ontology and Semantic Spreading Activation (2011)

Two strong tendencies in social networks today are their growing multidimensionality and the key role of social objects around which they crystallize. Growing heterogeneity and amount of social objects start to be an issue for some popular social platforms. Users need more efficient ways to access and navigate information. To achieve this challenge we define OCSO as semantic web schema to describe finely these social objects and their afferent social activity. Then we defend the use of spreading activation algorithms to simulate user interest and perform complex recommendation in multidimensional social networks. A possible approach to what we call semantic spreading activation is introduced in order to exploit, among others, the OCSO model.
Natural history of cognitive decline in the old old (2003)

The old old are at high risk for developing cognitive decline but many will not progress to dementia in the next 2 to 3 years or even beyond. These findings are important for understanding the prognosis of cognitive decline and for the design of treatment trials for AD. APOE genotype is a risk factor for cognitive decline.
The influence of the DX centre C-V and I-V characteristics of Schottky barriers in n-type AlGaAs (1991)

Due to the vanishing of both electron emission and capture rates, the DX centre shows a non-equilibrium occupancy at low temperature. It is shown that this effect results in a non-uniform free-electron density profile that can be controlled by biasing the junction during cooling. Preliminary results are reported showing that the I-V characteristics of Schottky barriers on AlGaAs (x=0.25) are affected by the DX centre occupation.
Generation Z’s Sustainable Volunteering: Motivations, Attitudes and Job Performance (2018)

Generation Z (Gen Z), the future of America’s workforce, is forecasted to represent more than 30 million persons by 2020. Volunteer rates have been declining since 2002. Most compelling is that overall lowest volunteer rates were found to be within the Gen Z segment, with expectations of continued decline. Thus, this study explored motivations associated with sustainable volunteering by Gen Z based upon past research that documented intent to volunteer is strongly associated with age. In doing so, the Volunteer Functions Inventory was adopted to identify Gen Z motivations for volunteering. This study then employed the theory of planned behavior to test the relationships between Gen Z volunteering motivations, their attitudes and job performance using data obtained from 306 Gen Z volunteer special event participants. Among five motives identified to be important to Gen Z, only four motives (“value”, “career”, “learning” and “self-esteem”) were found to significantly influence their attitudes. The ‘social’ motive was found to have no significant effect on their attitudes towards volunteering. This research framework was supported by validating the significant relationships between volunteer motivations, attitudes and job performance specific to the Gen Z volunteer segment. “Job training appropriateness” was found to be an important moderator for improving the relationships between Gen Z volunteer attitudes and job performance.
Selection of alfalfa genotypes for resistance to the foliar pathogen Curvularia geniculata (2017)

Foliar diseases impose severe restrictions on the persistence and productivity of Medicago sativa, both of which may be increased by developing disease resistant and more competitive genotypes that can improve pasture quality. We found Curvularia geniculata as the principal alfalfa foliar pathogen in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Growth chamber experiments evaluated the resistance of alfalfa genotypes 'E1C4', 'CPPSul', 'ABT 805' and 'CUF-101' to C. geniculata as compared the control 'Crioula' genotype. These genotypes were also evaluated in field trials at a sea level site in Eldorado do Sul in central RS and at two sites £200 m above sea level, one in Bagé municipality in south west RS and the other at a farm near the town of Alto Feliz in north east RS. Plants were spray-inoculated with 1.6 x 106 ml-1 of C. geniculata spores and visually evaluated for leaf damage 14 days later. The C. geniculata infection rates varied from zero to 100%. Alfalfa persistence and forage mean dry mass (DM) production at the Eldorado site were measured during different seasons from November 2013 to January 2015 by calculating the incidence of invasive plants and morphologically separating leaves from stems and calculating both leaf and stem DM. Data were analysed using mixed statistical models. The best results for persistence and forage DM were shown by the 'CPPSul' genotypes (DM = 16,600 kg ha-1) and 'Crioula' (DM = 15,750 kg ha-1). These two genotypes will be used for subsequent investigations and selection cycles.
Equivalent Networks for Surface Acoustic Wave Metallic Gratings (1986)

An equivalent network approach is described for the anlysis of surface acoustic wave metallic gratings. Circuit parameters can be theoretically determined by applying the finite-element method to an infinite array. To show the validity and usefulness of this approach, examples are computed for aluminum strips on 128°Y–X LiNbO 3 , ST–X quartz, X–112°Y LiTaO 3 , and 45°X–Z Li 2 B 4 O 7 substrates. Results show that for the Al/45°X–Z Li 2 B 4 O 7 structure, the reflection magnitude per strip is large and the influence of the change of strip-thickness on the center-frequency shift is small.
Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Potential mechanisms and early predictors. (1993)

Almost 26% of patients may develop limited left ventricular dilatation within 4 weeks after first infarction, which helps to restore cardiac index and stroke index at rest and to preserve exercise performance and therefore remains compensatory. A somewhat smaller group (20%) develops progressive structural left ventricular dilatation, which is compensatory at first, then progresses to noncompensatory dilatation, and finally results in severe global left ventricular dysfunction. In these patients, depression of global ejection fraction probably results from impairment of function of initially normally contracting myocardium. Early predictors from multivariate analysis allow identification of patients at high risk for progressive left ventricular dilatation and chronic ventricular dysfunction within 4 weeks after acute infarction.
Distinct roles of GABAB1a‐ and GABAB1b‐containing GABAB receptors in spontaneous and evoked termination of persistent cortical activity (2012)

During slow-wave sleep, cortical neurons display synchronous fluctuations between periods of persistent activity ('UP states') and periods of relative quiescence ('DOWN states'). Such UP and DOWN states are also seen in isolated cortical slices. Recently, we reported that both spontaneous and evoked termination of UP states in slices from the rat medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) involves GABA(B) receptors. Here, in order to dissociate the roles of GABA(B1a)- and GABA(B1b)-containing receptors in terminating UP states, we used mEC slices from mice in which either the GABA(B1a) or the GABA(B1b) subunit had been genetically ablated. Pharmacological blockade of GABA(B) receptors using the antagonist CGP55845 prolonged the UP state duration in both wild-type mice and those lacking the GABA(B1b) subunit, but not in those lacking the GABA(B1a) subunit. Conversely, electrical stimulation of layer 1 could terminate an ongoing UP state in both wild-type mice and those lacking the GABA(B1a) subunit, but not in those lacking the GABA(B1b) subunit. Together with previous reports, indicating a preferential presynaptic location of GABA(B1a)- and postsynaptic location of GABA(B1b)-containing receptors, these results suggest that presynaptic GABA(B) receptors contribute to spontaneous DOWN state transitions, whilst postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors are essential for the afferent termination of the UP state. Inputs to layer 1 from other brain regions could thus provide a powerful mechanism for synchronizing DOWN state transitions across cortical areas via activation of GABAergic interneurons targeting postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors.
Strontium Activated Bioactive Cellulose Scaffolds (2007)

Knits made of cellulose are promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications due to their multi-scale interconnected porosity, biocompatibility and adjustable biodegradability. The approach of this study combines the modification of cellulose with strontium to generate scaffolds capable of forming bone like apatite during exposure to physiological solutions and the release of strontium as an active agent, that might encourage the development of new bone tissue. The Sr-release kinetics during static exposure to simulated body fluid is dominated by an accelerated Sr-release in the initial state followed by a reduced release corresponding to a diffusion controlled rate. Microstructural analyses indicate that initially precipitated SrCO3 transforms to SrxCa1-xCO3 solid solutions that subsequently serve as a template for the precipitation of bone like carbonated hydroxyapatite.
Clinical importance of cross-reactivity in food allergy (2004)

The continued identification and characterization of cross-reactive allergens facilitates the study of factors determining clinical relevance of cross-reactivity and of possible efficacy of immunotherapy in food allergy.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Model for Fish Bypass Studies (1996)

This paper describes a numerical model developed for evaluating different options for fish bypass systems at Wanapum Dam on the Columbia River, WA. The model predicts the complex patterns of secondary flow that are basic to three dimensional mixing and transport. It is validated against detailed measurements in a physical laboratory model. The calculations are in good agreement with the measurements. Presented also are calculations that show the effect on forebay flow pattern of a novel bypass concept, the surface attraction facility, which diverts fish around the turbines without experiencing large pressure variations.