gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubility of CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, O2, and N2 in 1-Hexyl-3-methylpyridinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide: Comparison to Other Ionic Liquids (2007)

The solubilities of gases in ionic liquids are important in evaluating ionic liquids as solvents for reactions involving permanent gases, as gas storage media, and as solvents for gas separations. Gas solubilities are also important in developing methods to separate solutes from ionic liquid solutions. Here we describe our measurements of the solubilities of CO2, CH4, C2H 6, C2H 4, O2, and N2 in 1-hexyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and compare these results to our previous investigations. In addition, focus is placed on efforts to tailor ionic liquids to enhance the solubilities of some gases, with particular emphasis on carbon dioxide.
Acute fetal asphyxia and permanent brain injury: a retrospective analysis of current indicators (1999)

Our retrospective study suggests that currently used indicators to define permanent fetal brain injury are not valid.
Molecular dynamics simulations on HiPIP from Chromatium vinosum and comparison with NMR data (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular dynamics simulations on HiPIP from Chromatium vinosum and comparison with NMR dataLucia Banci, Ivano Bertini, Paolo Carloni, Claudio Luchinat, and Pier Luigi OrioliCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10683–10689Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00053a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collagen synthesis by bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture (1979)

Endothelial cells isolated from bovine aorta synthesize and secrete type III procollagen in culture. The procollagen, which represents the major collagenous protein in culture medium, was specifically precipitated by antibodies to bovine type III procollagen and was purified by diethyl-aminoethylcellulose chromatography. Unequivocal identification of the pepsin-treated collagen was made by direct comparison with type III collagen isolated by pepsin digestion of bovine skin, utilizing peptide cleavage patterns generated by vertebrate collagenase, CNBr, and mast cell protease. The type III collagen was hydroxylated to a high degree, having a hydroxyproline/proline ratio of 1.5:1.0. Pulse-chase studies indicated that the procollagen was not processed to procollagen intermediates or to collagen. Pepsin treatment of cell layers, followed by salt fractionation at acidic and neutral pH, produced several components which were sensitive to bacterial collagenase and which comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with alpha A, alpha B, and type IV collagen chains purified from human placenta by similar techniques. Bovine aortic endothelial cells also secreted fibronectin and a bacterial collagenase-insensitive glycoprotein which, after reduction, had a molecular weight of 135,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (using procollagen molecular weight standards) and which was not precipitable by antibodies to cold-insoluble globulin or to alpha 2-macroglobulin. Collagen biosynthesis by these cells provides an interesting model system for studying the polarity of protein secretion and the attachment of cells to an extracellular matrix. The presence of type III collagen in the subendothelium and the specific interaction of this protein with fibronectin and platelets suggest the involvement of this collagen in thrombus formation following endothelial cell injury.
ODIN: A prototype luminescence reader for in situ dating of Martian regolith (2011)

We describe the design and construction of a prototype robotic, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) instrument for in-situ dating of Martian regolith. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> We discuss the methodological constraints on the design of an in-situ instrument and the handling of the sample material. The goal is to use our Optical Dating Instrument (ODIN) to provide a chronological context for Martian climatic processes that have occurred during the last 1 million years. ODIN is equipped for basic regolith preparation procedures and luminescence measurements. A sample preparation system allows separation of non-magnetic particles smaller than 250 μm and dispensing of 2mg aliquots. Blue and infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) provide light for stimulation of the samples; the emitted luminescence is detected with a photomultiplier. A PID-heater allows control of the measurement temperature. A rotating disk with 20 sample positions serves as a sample transport system. ODIN fits into a shoe-box and the peak power of the system in operation is 5-6 W. The ODIN system has the ability to carry out OSL measurements with high reproducibility. When combined with a robotic arm (not part of the system), ODIN is intended to date a wide variety of minerals expected in the Martian regolith with minimal sample preparation.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS WITH BENZENESULFENYL CHLORIDE. ON THE STRUCTURE OF A C12H18 HYDROCARBON FROM EAST INDIAN SANDALWOOD OIL (1981)

Abstract Aus dem Methylen‐norbornen‐aldehyd (I) entsteht über die Zwischenstufe (II) der homologe Aldehyd (III), der auch bei der Diisobutylalanat‐Reduktion des Nitrils (IV) erhalten wird.
Transcription Factors of Lotus: Regulation of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis Requires Coordinated Changes in Transcription Factor Activity (2012)

Isoflavonoids are a class of phenylpropanoids made by legumes, and consumption of dietary isoflavonoids confers benefits to human health. Our aim is to understand the regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis. Many studies have shown the importance of transcription factors in regulating the transcription of one or more genes encoding enzymes in phenylpropanoid metabolism. In this study, we coupled bioinformatics and coexpression analysis to identify candidate genes encoding transcription factors involved in regulating isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Lotus (Lotus japonicus). Genes encoding proteins belonging to 39 of the main transcription factor families were examined by microarray analysis of RNA from leaf tissue that had been elicited with glutathione. Phylogenetic analyses of each transcription factor family were used to identify subgroups of proteins that were specific to L. japonicus or closely related to known regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in other species. R2R3MYB subgroup 2 genes showed increased expression after treatment with glutathione. One member of this subgroup, LjMYB14, was constitutively overexpressed in L. japonicus and induced the expression of at least 12 genes that encoded enzymes in the general phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid pathways. A distinct set of six R2R3MYB subgroup 2-like genes was identified. We suggest that these subgroup 2 sister group proteins and those belonging to the main subgroup 2 have roles in inducing isoflavonoid biosynthesis. The induction of isoflavonoid production in L. japonicus also involves the coordinated down-regulation of competing biosynthetic pathways by changing the expression of other transcription factors.
Anti-CCP Antibody Detection Facilitates Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence of about 1% worldwide [1]. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the classification of RA [2] are not very well suited to diagnose RA at an early stage of the disease [3, 4], because these criteria rely heavily on the expression of clinical symptoms of RA. In early RA these clinical parameters are often not (yet) manifest. Therefore, a specific and sensitive (serological) marker, which is present very early in the disease, is needed. A good marker should ideally not only indicate the development of the disease, but also be able to predict its erosive or non-erosive progression. The serological parameter that meets these requirements for a good and useful marker for early RA is the anti-citrullinated protein antibody. The sensitivity of this antibody is comparable to that of the rheumatoid factor (RF) (approximately 80%), but its specificity is much higher, about 98%. Several assays have been developed to detect this class of autoantibodies, which are termed anti-CCP because the most sensitive test is based upon cyclic citrullinated peptides. This review will discuss the potential of this autoantibody system for the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. Keywords: anti-ccp antibodies, diagnosis, prognosis, rheumatoid arthritis, serological marker
Figure S1 from Circulating Protein Biomarkers for Use in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Identification (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure S1 shows ROC curves for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) vs. healthy and PDAC vs. non-malignant pancreatic diseases (chronic pancreatitis, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and benign pancreatic diseases), a-f: Index I, g-l: Index II&lt;/p&gt;
Origin and Evolution of Rickettsial Plasmids (2016)

Rickettsial plasmids had a complex evolution, starting with a vertical inheritance followed by a reductive evolution associated with increased complexity via horizontal gene transfer as well as gene duplication and genesis. The plasmids are plastic and mosaic structures that may play biological roles similar to or distinct from their co-residing chromosomes in an obligate intracellular lifestyle.
A competitive enzyme hybridization assay for plasma determination of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (1997)

An enzyme competitive hybridization assay was developed and validated for determination of mouse plasma concentrations of a 15mer antisense phosphodiester oligodeoxyribonucleotide and of two phosphorothioate analogs. Assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates. The phosphodiester sense sequence was covalently bound to the microwells. The 5'-biotinylated antisense sequence was used as tracer. The principle of the assay involves competitive hybridization of tracer and antisense nucleotide to the solid phase-immobilized sense oligonucleotide. Solid phase- bound tracer oligonucleotide was assayed after reaction with a streptavidin-acetylcholinesterase conjugate, using the colorimetric method of Ellman. As in competitive enzyme immunoassays, coloration was inversely related to the amount of analyte initially present in the sample. The limit of quantification was 900 pM for phosphodiester antisense oligonucleotide using a 100 microl volume of plasma without extraction. Cross-reactivity was negligible after a four base deletion in either the 3'or 5'position. The assay was simple and sensitive, suitable for in vitro screening of oligonucleotide hybridization potency in biological fluids and for measuring the plasma pharmacokinetics of phosphorothioate and phosphodiester sequences.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of a diporphyrin–fullerene triad (1999)

K. Tamaki, H. Imahori, Y. Sakata, Y. Nishimura and I. Yamazaki, Chem. Commun., 1999, 625 DOI: 10.1039/A900176J
MANAGEMENT OF UNCONTROLLED GLAUCOMA WITH THE MOLTENO SYSTEM (1987)

In glaucomatous eyes refractory to medication, laser techniques and conventional drainage surgery, intraocular pressure is often high, and visual loss rapid. In this situation a reliable, robust artificial outflow system is required. Molteno has evolved a plastic tube and plate device combined with a fibrosis suppression medication regimen. Thirty-eight eyes of 32 patients with uncontrolled glaucoma were treated with the Molteno system. Six months after operation mean intraocular pressure had been reduced from 41.0 +/- 13.6 to 16.2 +/- 5.6 mmHg. Eighteen eyes had pressures of 20 mmHg or less on no hypotensive therapy, 17 on reduced treatment. Three eyes had a pressure of 21 to 35 mmHg on treatment at six months. The 13 aphakic eyes responded as well as 25 phakic eyes. Five eyes with rubeotic glaucoma demonstrated pressures of less than 20 mmHg without therapy, four eyes with traumatic glaucoma required continuing medication with three having pressures below 22 mmHg. Of the seven eyes with uveitic glaucoma, one was lost, two required maintenance therapy; five of six surviving eyes had pressures below 20 mmHg. Fifteen eyes with congenital or juvenile glaucoma achieved pressures below 20 mmHg, three of these with timolol drops, three with timolol and acetazolamide, and nine with no treatment. While seven of seven eyes with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma attained pressures below 20 mmHg, all seven needed continuing mild hypotensive therapy. Eleven eyes underwent a one-stage procedure, while 27 eyes required a two-stage operation. Twenty-eight eyes received fibrosis suppression medication after the second stage, and 24 maintained or improved their preoperative visual acuity. Results have been encouraging: in general the Molteno system is recommended as the second drainage operation in all glaucomatous eyes in which conventional therapy has failed, and as the primary surgical procedure (after laser techniques) in eyes with rubeotic and uveitic glaucoma. Ciliary body destructive procedures should be restricted to control of symptoms in blind eyes.
Design considerations for high performance traction machines: Aiming for the FreedomCar 2020 targets (2015)

This paper presents considerations for the design of high performance, interior permanent magnet machines for traction applications. These machines will be designed to reach the FreedomCar 2020 targets set by the US Department of Energy for the year 2020 for traction machines, considering both concentrated and distributed wound designs. The paper presents a trade-off study of a wide range of motor designs with the main focus on the number of rotor poles and stator slots. The results from this investigation are then used to achieve an optimal design in terms of the target requirements, as these are introduced in a logical sequence.
2D-IR spectroscopy: ultrafast insights into biomolecule structure and function (2009)

Ultrafast 2D-IR spectroscopy is rapidly becoming a valuable tool for examining the relationship between structure and function of biomolecules. The unique combination of molecular-level structural information and ultrafast time resolution gives previously inaccessible insights relating to the rapid structural fluctuations, vibrational dynamics and solvent-solute interactions of proteins, all of which have important implications for the biological function of these species. In this tutorial review, the method and development of ultrafast 2D-IR spectroscopy is discussed, including an introduction to the two main experimental approaches, double resonance and photon echo 2D-IR, and the extension of the technique to non-equilibrium or transient 2D-IR measurements. The scope of the new information available through 2D-IR spectroscopy is then demonstrated by reference to the current state of the art of 2D-IR studies of molecules of biological interest.
Improving Retrieval-Based Question Answering with Deep Inference Models (2019)

Question answering is one of the most important and difficult applications at the border of information retrieval and natural language processing, especially when we talk about complex questions which require some form of inference to determine the correct answer. In this paper, we present a two-step method that combines information retrieval techniques optimized for question answering with deep learning models for natural language inference in order to tackle the multiple-choice question answering problem. In the first stage, each question-answer pair is fed into an information retrieval engine to find relevant candidate contexts that serve as the underlying knowledge for the inference models. In the second stage, deep learning architectures are used to predict if a candidate answer can be inferred from the context extracted in the first stage. We deploy multiple deep learning architectures pre-trained on different datasets in order to capture semantic features and to enlarge the scope of the questions we can answer correctly. As it will be described, each dataset used for training the inference models has particular characteristics that can be exploited. In the end, all these solvers are combined in an ensemble model to predict the correct answer. This proposed two-step model outperforms the best retrieval-based solver by over 3% in absolute accuracy. Moreover, the model can answer both simple, factoid questions and more complex questions that require reasoning or inference.
Modelling of mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu cast alloys using the neural network (2007)

Purpose: The paper presents some results of the research connected with the development of new approach based on the neural network to predict the chemical composition and cooling rate to the mechanical properties of Al– Si–Cu cast alloys. The independent variables in the model are chemical composition of Al–Si–Cu cast alloys and cooling rate. The dependent parameters are hardness, microhardess, yield strength and apparent elastic limit. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental alloy used for training of neural network was prepared at the University of Windsor (Canada) in the Light Metals Casting Laboratory, in a 10 kg capacity ceramic crucible. Thermal analysis tests were conducted using the UMSA Technology Platform. Compression tests were conducted at room temperature using a Zwick universal testing machine. Prior to testing, an extensometer was used to minimize frame bending strains. Compression specimens were tested corresponding to each of the three cooling rate. Rockwell F–scale hardness tests were conducted at room temperature using a Zwick HR hardness testing machine. Vickers microhardness tests were conducted using a DUH 202 microhardness testing machine. Findings: The results of this investigation show that there is a good correlation between experimental and predicted dates and the neural network has a great potential in mechanical behavior modeling of Al–Si–Cu castings. Practical implications: The worked out model can be applied in computer system of Al–Si–Cu casting alloys selection and designing for Al-Si-Cu casting parts. Originality/value: Original value of the work is applied the artificial intelligence as a tools for designing the required mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu castings.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction with an Oblique Shock Wave (2010)

Large eddy simulations (LES) of an incident shockwave interacting with a supersonic turbulent boundary layer have been performed via a new high-order Monotonicity-Preserving scheme. The LES results with four subgrid-scale (SGS) models, namely, the modified Smagorinksy model, the hybrid scale-similarity model, the modified kinetic energy viscosity model and the dynamic Smagorinsky model, are compared with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. The shock strength is strong enough to induce a small separation region in the vicinity of shock impingement location. However, all SGS models are shown to overpredict the length of separation region and LES and DNS predictions of flow statistics are shown to differ more near this region. Overall, LES with the dynamic Smagorinsky model is in agreement with DNS and is able to reproduce main features of the flow.
Synthesis, Properties, and Oxidizing Ability of Areno-Annulated 1,3-Dimethyl-10-phenylcyclohepta[4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine- 2,4(1,3H)-dionylium Ions (2005)

[structures: see text] Novel areno-annulated 1,3-dimethyl-10-phenylcyclohepta[4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3H)-dionylium ions 12a,b+ x BF4(-) and 16a+ x BF4(-) were synthesized by three-step reactions, starting from the reactions of benzo[b]tropone and naphtho[2,3-d]tropone with 6-anilino-1,3-dimethyluracil. Structural characteristics of 12a,b+ and 16a+ were clarified on inspection of the UV-vis and NMR spectral data as well as by X-ray crystal analyses. The stability of cations 12a,b+ and 16a+ is expressed by the pK(R+) values which were determined spectrophotometrically as the values of ca. 0.5-9.0. The pK(R+) value of the naphtho[b]tropylium ion 4+ was clarified to be much lower, at <0. The electrochemical reduction of 12a,b+ and 16a+ exhibited reduction potentials at -0.46 to -0.67 (V vs Ag/AgNO3) upon cyclic voltammetry (CV). The reduction potentials of the benzotropylium ion and cation 4+ were -0.26 and -0.09 V, respectively. In a search for reactivity, reactions of 12a,b+ x BF4(-) with some nucleophiles, hydride and diethylamine, were carried out. Although the reactions of 12a+ x BF4(-) afforded C11 adduct 19 as a single product, the addition reactions of 12b+ x BF4(-) proceeded at both C9 and C11. The attempted reduction of methyl benzoylformate by using 21 was carried out unsuccessfully. The photoinduced oxidation reaction of 12a,b+ x BF4(-) and 16a+ x BF4(-) toward some amines under aerobic conditions was carried out to give the corresponding imines (isolated by converting to the corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones) with the recycling number of 3.6-21.7.
Interactive effects between carbon allotropes on the mechanical reinforcement of nanocomposites based on poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) (2014)

Interactive effects of carbon allotropes on the mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites were investigated by using, as the polymer matrix, poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) (PI) samples from industrial synthesis and from natural sources. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nano-graphite with high shape anisotropy (nanoG) were melt blended with PI, as the only fillers or in combination with carbon black (CB), measuring the shear modulus at low strain amplitudes. The nanofiller was found to increase the low amplitude storage modulus of the matrix, with or without CB, by a factor depending on nanofiller type and content. The filler-polymer interfacial area was able to correlate modulus data of composites with CNT, CB and with the hybrid filler system, leading to the construction of a common master curve. The filler networking phenomenon was found to be affected by type and amount of low molecular mass products of PI from natural sources. The correlation between chemical composition, dynamic mechanical and ultimate properties of nanocomposites was investigated. In particular, it was found that low molecular mass components control the ability of elastomeric nano-composites to store or dissipate energy. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Detection of Arrhythmogenic Substrates in Prior Myocardial Infarction Patients with Complete Right Bundle Branch Block QRS Using Wavelet-Transformed ECG (2009)

WTECG might be a novel non-invasive method to detect arrhythmogenic substrates in MI patients with CRBBB.
Jefferson and King: Changes for America (2008)

Both Thomas Jefferson in The Declaration of Independence and Martin Luther King Jr