gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave-Encoded Model-based Deep Learning for Highly Accelerated Imaging with Joint Reconstruction (2022)

Purpose: To propose a wave-encoded model-based deep learning (wave-MoDL) strategy for highly accelerated 3D imaging and joint multi-contrast image reconstruction, and further extend this to enable rapid quantitative imaging using an interleaved look-locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS). Method: Recently introduced MoDL technique successfully incorporates convolutional neural network (CNN)-based regularizers into physics-based parallel imaging reconstruction using a small number of network parameters. Wave-CAIPI is an emerging parallel imaging method that accelerates the imaging speed by employing sinusoidal gradients in the phase- and slice-encoding directions during the readout to take better advantage of 3D coil sensitivity profiles. In wave-MoDL, we propose to combine the wave-encoding strategy with unrolled network constraints to accelerate the acquisition speed while enforcing wave-encoded data consistency. We further extend wave-MoDL to reconstruct multi-contrast data with controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) sampling patterns to leverage similarity between multiple images to improve the reconstruction quality. Result: Wave-MoDL enables a 47-second MPRAGE acquisition at 1 mm resolution at 16-fold acceleration. For quantitative imaging, wave-MoDL permits a 2-minute acquisition for T1, T2, and proton density mapping at 1 mm resolution at 12-fold acceleration, from which contrast weighted images can be synthesized as well. Conclusion: Wave-MoDL allows rapid MR acquisition and high-fidelity image reconstruction and may facilitate clinical and neuroscientific applications by incorporating unrolled neural networks into wave-CAIPI reconstruction.
Facet-Dependent Photoreduction on Single ZnO Crystals (2016)

Photocatalytic reactions occur at the crystal-solution interface, and hence specific crystal facet expression and surface defects can play an important role. Here we investigate the structure-related photoreduction at zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles via integrated light and electron microscopy in combination with silver metal photodeposition. This enables a direct visualization of the photoreduction activity at specific crystallographic features. It is found that silver nanoparticle photodeposition on dumbbell-shaped crystals mainly takes place at the edges of O-terminated (0001̅) polar facets. In contrast, on ZnO microrods photodeposition is more homogeneously distributed with an increased activity at {101̅1̅} facets. Additional time-resolved measurements reveal a direct spatial link between the enhanced photoactivity and increased charge carrier lifetimes. These findings contradict previous observations based on indirect, bulk-scale experiments, assigning the highest photocatalytic activity to polar facets. The presented research demonstrates the need for advanced microscopy techniques to directly probe the location of photocatalytic activity.
Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia (1979)

We studied 21 patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina and hyperornithinemia. Although the patients were not weak, type 2 muscle fibers were almost universally atrophic and had tubular aggregates. Gyrate atrophy is the first disease in which females are shown to have tubular aggregates; the sexes were affected equally. In gyrate atrophy the number of type 2 fibers decreases with age. The muscle and eye changes are probably related to abnormal creatine synthesis, caused, in gyrate atrophy, by the increased body pool of ornithine; muscle abnormalities may also be present in other tapetoretinal dystrophies.
Deep-learning electromagnetic monitoring coupled to fluid flow simulators (2019)

ABSTRACT Reservoir characterization and monitoring represent some of the most ambitious goals for geophysical methods. Several challenges are involved, including sensitivity to the parameter changes and resolution of the obtained results. Electromagnetic (EM) methods are attractive for reservoir applications due to the high sensitivity of the resistivity parameter to oil/water saturations. Crosswell EM and surface-to-borehole EM provide opportunities for reservoir monitoring. The EM inverse problem, however, is highly nonconvex and ill-posed so as to necessitate significant preconditioning in the form of a priori information and regularization that impact resolution. We explore the use of machine-learning (ML) techniques in the form of deep-learning neural networks for implementing EM-based reservoir monitoring coupled with a dynamic fluid flow simulator. A crosswell acquisition setup is modeled in the framework of a realistic water-alternating-gas reservoir simulation scenario for enhanced oil recovery. Several reservoir saturation instances are generated and converted into resistivity, and corresponding crosswell EM data are generated using an electric source and a multicomponent (electric-magnetic) receiver assemblage. The U-Net deep-learning network is modified for the purpose of training and validation in which saturation models and the corresponding EM data are used. We also test the sensitivity of the deep-learning inversion to multiple EM components, noise in the data, generalization problems, and 3D reconstruction ability in which we use 3D convolutional neural network layers. In all cases, ML inversion proves to be robust with good resilience to increased noise levels. Prediction results indicate excellent reconstruction capabilities with resolution comparable to the reservoir models used by the simulator. Our results suggest that ML inversion through deep learning can become an efficient approach to data-driven and physics-constrained reservoir monitoring in which the sensitivity of EM-based techniques to fluid saturations can be fully exploited without compromising the resolution and accuracy of the results.
Kinetics of Three-compound Equilibrations. III. The Isomerization of Ethyltoluene (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Three-compound Equilibrations. III. The Isomerization of EthyltolueneRobert H. Allen, Larry D. Yats, and Duncan S. ErleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 18, 4853–4856Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01503a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01503a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Preliminary study of mitochondrial DNA deletions in age-related macular degeneration]. (1997)

It suggests that there were multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions on the blood cells of ARMD, including an aging-associated 5.0 kb deletion and it requires further studies on relationship between the mitochondrial DNA mutation and the etiology of ARMD.
A QoS packet/burst scheduler for broadband networks (2003)

Prevailing weight-based scheduling algorithms advocate static or coarse-grained simplification of timestamp computation, resulting in performance bottlenecks and unnecessary downgrades under heavy and normal computation loads, respectively. Our goal is to design a scheduler that enables quantitative trade-off balance between performance and complexity. In this paper, we propose a stepwise QoS scheduler (SQS), enabling packet to burst scheduling under normal to heavy computation loads, based on a new notion of window. Window sizes of unity and greater than one correspond to packet and burst scheduling, respectively. SQS exerts simple FIFO service within the window and guarantees stepwise weight-proportional service at the window boundary. As a result, quantitative trade-off balance can be facilitated via the adjustment of the window size. We further formally specify the SQS service guarantee for a flow by a stepwise service curve, which is a function of W and /spl theta//sub min/-the least-upper-bound delay incurred by the first packet of the busy period of the flow. Finally, we demonstrate through experimental results that, by applying a small window (W/spl les/10), SQS outperforms weighted fair queueing (WFQ) and performs as superior as worst-case fair weighted fair queueing (WF/sup 2/Q) with respect to throughput fairness, mean delay, and worst-case delay fairness.
Possible roles of endogenous plant viral sequences and transgenes containing viral sequences in both virus resistance and virus emergence (2007)

One of the communication tools of the EC-funded Biosafenet project is a series of six Biosafenet Seminars that will be held 2007–2009. Their purpose is to convene small groups of scientists to consider emerging issues related to the potential impact of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The first Seminar was organized by the ICGEB at the MasterCampus of the Fondazione Cassamarca in Ca’ Tron di Roncade (Italy) on 6th–8th June 2007, and focused on the potential impact of both naturally occurring and transgenic viral sequences in plant genomes.
A novel Plasmodium vivax vaccine based on recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus ChAd63 and MVA expressing TRAP (2012)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Empirical Mode Decomposition and Blind Source Separation Methods for Antijamming with GPS Signals (2006)

The spread-spectrum structure of GPS signals provides inherent jamming tolerance for GPS receivers. In a hostile environment where jamming sites may be close to GPS users, a larger JSR is possible. How to achieve the desired accuracy for GPS-based systems in the presence of strong jamming is an important but outstanding problem. Here we propose to use the empirical-mode decomposition (EMD) method, originally developed for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary signals, for antijamming. Given a jammed, noisy GPS signal, the EMD method identifies the innate undulations belonging to different time scales and sifts them out to yield a small number of intrinsic modes. We find that the EMD method typically works well when the jamming is stationary in that the GPS signal and jamming components are typically contained in different intrinsic modes. However, when the jamming is nonstationary, the GPS signal and jamming are spread over all the intrinsic modes. Our solution is to use the blind-source separation (BSS) method operating on the set of intrinsic modes from EMD. Simulations indicated that this combined EMD/BSS methodology works reasonably well for extracting the GPS signal in the presence of nonstationary jamming for JSR up 45dB.
Hybrid organic‐inorganic electrodes: The molecular material formed between polypyrrole and the phosphomolybdate anion (1997)

Hybrid molecular electrodes , based on a conducting polymer matrix containing a dispersion of an electroactive inorganic component, are reported. The phosphomolydate anion, [PMo 12 O 40 ] 3⊖ , is dispersed in polypyrrole to investigate cooperative phenomena between the components. The interactions are shown to influence the magnetic, electrical, photochemical and electrochemical properties of these composite materials.
The ant and the elephant: ambient RF harvesting from the uplink (2016)

This work investigates the available ambient radio frequency (RF) power density in dynamic, outdoor environments with a specific focus in the uplink. A spectrum survey was carried out around Bristol, UK between 500 MHz and 3 GHz using a handheld spectrum analyser and an omnidirectional broadband discone antenna. Measurements were performed while walking, travelling in a car and on a train. The results are compared with baseline indoors measurements, and as expected, ambient RF power densities in the outdoor environments were significantly higher. Interestingly, in some cases the power contained in the uplink of cellular communication networks is shown to be a better energy source than the downlink. It was found that in a train during rush hour, there is 17 times the mean power density and 45 times the peak power density in the uplink compared with the downlink. This shows that there is scope for ambient energy harvesting in environments with a large density of user equipment. Finally, by accounting for the rectifier efficiency it is estimated that during the train commute between Bristol and Bath in the UK a total of 27.2 mJ of energy could be collected.
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) landscape and prognostic implications in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEC). (2018)

45 Background: Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and gastric (GC) cancer, together GEA, have a poor prognosis, high molecular heterogeneity, and few targeted therapeutic options. Guardant360 is a clinical gene panel test for next generation sequencing (NGS) of plasma circulating tumor (ct) DNA. Methods: We evaluated a large cohort of ctDNA-derived genomic results (Guardant Health, Inc.), including a subset of pts from the University of Chicago (UC) with clinical data. GEA pts in these 2 cohorts were assessed for genomic alteration (GA) distribution: mutations (mt), indels, amplifications (amp) and fusions. UC survival analyses were performed using log-rank test and select gene-by-gene alteration frequency by pt with chi-square comparisons. Results: The overall ctDNA cohort comprised 1128 pts with median age 64 yrs (range 19-98) and 73% males. At least 1 detectable GA (median 4, range 0-102) was observed in 870 pts (77%). The UC subset of pts (n=171), median age 63 yrs (range 19-87), included 2/10/27/61% stage I/II/III/IV, 77/13/5/5% Caucasian/African American/Asian/Hispanic, 74% male and 63% EGJ. At least 1 detectable GA (median 4, range 1-102) was observed in 157 pts; median GAs per test by stage I vs II/III vs IV was 1.5/3.5/4.5. GA distributions were similar to the larger cohort (Table 1). Stage IV pts tested within 6 weeks of diagnosis/recurrence (n=34) had a median survival of 8.7 months. In these pts, BRAF/ FGFR2 amps and ARAF mts were each prognostic for worse survival ( p&lt;0.05), and MET and KRAS amps trended towards significance. Mt allele frequency (MAF) ctDNA burden inversely correlated with survival ( p=0.01) . In 138 pts with ≥2 serial tests, non-synonymous GAs in MET, PIK3CA, and FGFR1 were more commonly late events (all p&lt;0.05 ). Conclusions: GAs in plasma ctDNA were detected in 77% of GEA pts including numerous actionable targets. ctDNA analysis merits further evaluation as a prognostic biomarker assessing specific genes, overall ctDNA burden, and molecular heterogeneity at baseline and serially. [Table: see text]
Eurocin, a New Fungal Defensin (2012)

Antimicrobial peptides are a new class of antibiotics that are promising for pharmaceutical applications because they have retained efficacy throughout evolution. One class of antimicrobial peptides are the defensins, which have been found in different species. Here we describe a new fungal defensin, eurocin. Eurocin acts against a range of Gram-positive human pathogens but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Eurocin consists of 42 amino acids, forming a cysteine-stabilized α/β-fold. The thermal denaturation data point shows the disulfide bridges being responsible for the stability of the fold. Eurocin does not form pores in cell membranes at physiologically relevant concentrations; it does, however, lead to limited leakage of a fluorophore from small unilamellar vesicles. Eurocin interacts with detergent micelles, and it inhibits the synthesis of cell walls by binding equimolarly to the cell wall precursor lipid II.
Spectral Considerations for Standoff Infrared Detection of RDX on Reflective Aluminum (2021)

This paper examines infrared spectroscopic effects for the standoff detection of an explosive material, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), inkjet printed on an aluminum surface. Results of a spectroscopic study are described, using multiple optical setups. These setups were selected to explore how variations in the angles of incidence and collection from the surface of the material result in corresponding variations in the spectral signatures. The goal of these studies is to provide an understanding of these spectral changes since it affects standoff detection of hazardous materials on a reflective substrate. We demonstrate that variations in spectral effects are dependent on the relative surface concentration of the deposited RDX. We also show that it is reasonable to use spectroscopic data collected in a standard laboratory infrared spectrometer outfitted with a variable angle reflectometer set at 0° as reference spectra for data collected in a standoff configuration. These results are important to provide a systematic approach to understanding infrared (IR) spectra collection using standoff systems in the field, and to allow for comparison between such data, and data collected in the laboratory. Although the precise results are constrained to a specific material system (thin layers on a reflective substrate), the approach and general discussion provided are applicable to a broad range of IR standoff sensing techniques and applications.
Treatment of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. (1990)

Since 1984, we have treated 26 patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors with a combination of bleomycin, etoposide (VP-16), and cisplatin (BEP) at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC). The median age of the patients was 19 years (range, 8 to 32). All patients underwent initial surgery (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 14, unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy plus abdominal hysterectomy in one, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy in 11 patients). Twenty patients had no residual disease, three had less than or equal to 2 cm (one each, dysgerminoma, mixed, and immature teratoma), and three had more than 2 cm lesions (two dysgerminomas, one endodermal sinus tumor). Fourteen patients had pure dysgerminoma (five, stage I; one, stage II; six, stage III; and two, recurrent), and 12 had nondysgerminomatous tumors (five, stage I; two, stage II; three, stage III; and two, recurrent). All four patients with clinically measurable disease had a complete response. All four patients who underwent second-look laparotomy had negative findings. Twenty-five patients (96%) remain in sustained remission 10.4 to 54.4 months from the start of chemotherapy. One patient died of progressive disease 14 months after beginning chemotherapy. We conclude that the BEP regimen has excellent activity and acceptable toxicity in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.
10 W high efficiency 14 V HBT power amplifier for space applications (2004)

This paper presents the first development of a space-borne power amplifier using the recently developed high breakdown, high Power HBT HB20S process of UMS. The inverse F class hybrid power amplifier has been designed using intensive simulation methods developed at Alcatel Space for MMICs, allowing very high performances to be reached without manual tuning. The results of 10 W/PAE>65% obtained with a single chip at 1.5 GHz demonstrate the capability of the process to handle very high power densities and efficiencies.
Expression of trkA, trkB, and trkC in injured and regenerating retinal ganglion cells of adult rats. (2002)

This study provides a kinetic analysis of expression of trk in RGCs and retinas after ON injury and during regeneration.
Variegated transgene expression in mouse mammary gland is determined by the transgene integration locus. (1996)

Mice carrying an ovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) transgene secrete BLG protein into their milk. To explore transgene expression stability, we studied expression levels in three BLG transgenic mouse lines. Unexpectedly, two lines exhibited variable levels of transgene expression. Copy number within lines appeared to be stable and there was no evidence of transgene rearrangement. In the most variable line, BLG production levels were stable within individual mice in two successive lactations. Backcrossing demonstrated that genetic background did not contribute significantly to variable expression. Tissue in situ hybridization revealed mosaicism of transgene expression within individual mammary glands from the two variable lines; in low expressors, discrete patches of cells expressing the transgene were observed. Transgene protein concentrations in milk reflected the proportion of epithelial cells expressing BLG mRNA. Furthermore, chromosomal in situ hybridization revealed that transgene arrays in both lines are situated close to the centromere. We propose that mosaicism of transgene expression is a consequence of the chromosomal location and/or the nature of the primary transgene integration event.
Uterocalin: A mouse acute phase protein expressed in the uterus around birth (1997)

Mouse SIP24/24p3 is a 24 kDa lipocalin expressed in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream during the acute phase response (APR). In this report we show that SIP24/24p3 mRNA and protein are expressed in the uterus around parturition at levels higher than are found in the liver during the APR. Because of the unique expression of this lipocalin in the uterus, we have named this protein uterocalin. Contrary to its expression pattern during the APR, there is little or no expression of uterocalin in the liver during or after pregnancy. Also, unlike the APR, and despite its high level of expression in the uterus, uterocalin was not detected in the blood or amniotic fluid. Day 19 and postpartum uterine samples were examined by immunocytochemistry. Uterocalin was found in the luminal epithelium at day 19 and in the glandular epithelium in postpartum samples. Although some uterocalin remained in the luminal epithelium, most of the uterocalin was found deposited on its luminal surface. The uterus undergoes extensive tissue remodeling during pregnancy and suffers stress and tissue damage around parturition. Uterocalin could be part of the local inflammatory response associated with parturition.