gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Immunocharacterization of Lactobacillus salivarius from the Intestine of Wakame-Fed Pigs to Develop Novel “Immunosynbiotics” (2019)

Emerging threats of antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of effective alternatives for healthy livestock growth strategies. 'Immunosynbiotics', a combination of immunoregulatory probiotics and prebiotics with synergistic effects when used together in feed, would be one of the most promising candidates. Lactobacilli are normal residents of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, and many of them are able to exert beneficial immunoregulatory properties. On the other hand, wakame (<i>Undaria pinnafida</i>), an edible seaweed, has the potential to be used as an immunoregulatory prebiotic when added to livestock feed. Therefore, in order to develop a novel immunosynbiotic, we isolated and characterized immunoregulatory lactobacilli with the ability to utilize wakame. Following a month-long in vivo wakame feeding trial in 8-week-old Landrace pigs (<i>n</i> = 6), sections of intestinal mucous membrane were processed for bacteriological culture and followed by identification of pure colonies by 16S rRNA sequence. Each isolate was characterized in vitro in terms of their ability to assimilate to the wakame and to differentially modulate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon beta (IFN-β) in the porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-3 activation, respectively. We demonstrated that feeding wakame to pigs significantly increased the lactobacilli population in the small intestine. We established a wakame-component adjusted culture media that allowed the isolation and characterization of a total of 128 <i>Lactobacilli salivarius</i> colonies from the gut of wakame-fed pigs. Interestingly, several <i>L. salivarius</i> isolates showed both high wakame assimilation ability and immunomodulatory capacities. Among the wakame assimilating isolates, <i>L. salivarius</i> FFIG71 showed a significantly higher capacity to upregulate the IL-6 expression, and <i>L. salivarius</i> FFIG131 showed significantly higher capacity to upregulate the IFN-β expression; these could be used as immunobiotic strains in combination with wakame for the development of novel immunologically active feeds for pigs.
Entretenimiento iPhon: CrystalWar (2010)

Dentro del grupo de juegos englobados bajo la clasificacion defender la torre uno de los que mas se adaptan a este apelativo es CrystalWar.
Locata: A Positioning System for Indoor and Outdoor Applications Where GNSS Does Not Work (2013)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a reliable, versatile, generally available and comparatively accurate positioning technology, able to operate anywhere across the globe. In the coming decade, a number of other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and regional systems will be launched. Nevertheless, the most severe limitation of GPS performance will still remain – the accuracy of positioning deteriorates very rapidly when the user receiver loses direct view of the satellites, which typically occurs indoors or in severely obstructed urban environments. In such environments, the majority of receivers do not function at all, and even the high-sensitivity receivers have difficulty in providing coordinates with sub-decametre level accuracies. A new terrestrial radio frequency (RF)-based distance measurement technology, known as ‘Locata’, has now overcome the technical challenges required to create “a localised autonomous terrestrial replica of GPS”. This paper describes some of the technical aspects of this Australian technology and discusses the possible role Locata can play as part of the National Positioning Infrastructure. Locata can complement, and even replace, GNSS for difficult signal environments. For example, a recent news release
Using extreme phenotype sampling to identify the rare causal variants of quantitative traits in association studies (2011)

Variants identified in recent genome-wide association studies based on the common-disease common-variant hypothesis are far from fully explaining the hereditability of complex traits. Rare variants may, in part, explain some of the missing hereditability. Here, we explored the advantage of the extreme phenotype sampling in rare-variant analysis and refined this design framework for future large-scale association studies on quantitative traits. We first proposed a power calculation approach for a likelihood-based analysis method. We then used this approach to demonstrate the potential advantages of extreme phenotype sampling for rare variants. Next, we discussed how this design can influence future sequencing-based association studies from a cost-efficiency (with the phenotyping cost included) perspective. Moreover, we discussed the potential of a two-stage design with the extreme sample as the first stage and the remaining nonextreme subjects as the second stage. We demonstrated that this two-stage design is a cost-efficient alternative to the one-stage cross-sectional design or traditional two-stage design. We then discussed the analysis strategies for this extreme two-stage design and proposed a corresponding design optimization procedure. To address many practical concerns, for example measurement error or phenotypic heterogeneity at the very extremes, we examined an approach in which individuals with very extreme phenotypes are discarded. We demonstrated that even with a substantial proportion of these extreme individuals discarded, an extreme-based sampling can still be more efficient. Finally, we expanded the current analysis and design framework to accommodate the CMC approach where multiple rare-variants in the same gene region are analyzed jointly.
Short notices (1993)

John K. Brackett, Criminal Justice and Crime in Late Renaissance Florence, 1537–1609 (1992), ix + 160 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £24.95). Beverley Lemire, Fashion's Favourite. The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain, 1660–1800 (1992), xii + 244 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £30.00). Bridget Hill, The Republican Virago. The Life and Times of Catherine Macaulay, Historian (1992), xiv + 263 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £30.00). Charles F. Foster, Four Cheshire Townships in the 18th Century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992), 88 (Arley Hall Place, Northwich, Cheshire, £6.95). Marianne McLean, The People of Glengarry. Highlanders in Transition, 1745–1820 (1991), xxiv + 285 (McGill‐Queen's University Press, £29.95). David Turley, The Culture of English Antislavery, 1780–1860 (1991), xii + 284 (Routledge, £35.00). Pauline M. H. Mazumdar, Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failures. The Eugenics Society, Its Sources and Its Critics in Britain (1992), x + 373 (Routledge, £40.00). Richard Vogler, Reading the Riot Act. The Magistracy, the Police and the Army in Civil Disorder (1991), xii + 206 (Open University Press, Milton Keynes, £32.50, paperback £14.99).
A Word Alignment Algorithm of Laos-Chinese Based on Language Feature (2018)

Lao and Chinese are an isolated language, and Laotian words have no morphological changes, and word order and imaginary words are important means of expressing grammatical meaning, There is no natural interval between words and words, and there is no change in the word itself. If you change the order of words, the order of sentences will be different. In order to solve the problem of the difficulty of Laos-Chinese bilingual automatic word alignment, this paper makes an analysis and comparison of the language features of Laos-Chinese, pick out the useful features to build some language features, through the usage of the numerals and adverbial of Lao, put forward using the Lao language features to restrict Laos-Chinese bilingual alignment algorithm, under the word alignment method of discriminative model, and select IBM Model 3 as the base model. Experimental results show that adding some language features can effectively improve the quality of Laos-Chinese bilingual word alignment.
Study of interactions at the atomic scale (2005)

A combined ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope, atomic force microscope, and field ion microscope UHV (STM/AFM/FIM) system was used to study mechanical and electronic interactions at the atomic scale. A surface science system, consisting of an Auger electron spectrometer, UHV evaporators, ion sputter gun and annealing capabilities, was designed and constructed. A new force sensor preparation method was developed suitable for high stability imaging. Using this improved system, we studied W tip- Au(111) sample interactions in the regimes from weak coupling to strong interaction and simultaneously measured current changes from pA to muA. Close correlation between conductance and interaction forces in a STM configuration was observed. In particular, the electrical and mechanical points of contact were determined based on the simultaneously observed mechanical and electrical response. These points of contact as defined by force and current measurements coincide within measurement error. Ab initio calculations of the current and force as a function of distance in the tunneling regime are in quantitative agreement with experimental results. Simultaneous force-distance and current-distance curves are proven to be essential in understanding processes occurring in scanning tunneling and force microscopies. Finally, the observed contact phenomena and energy dissipation are discussed in the context of nanoelectronics and noncontact atomic force microscopy.
Regulation and expression of chemokines: potential role in glomerulonephritis (1996)

Glomerular disease represent the major cause of renal failure. Despite decades of research or understanding of the mechanism(s) associated with immune-mediated glomerular injury remains poor. Consequently most of the therapies that are used are nonspecific with major side effects and offer minimal therapeutic benefits for the patient. The need for new strategies for therapy is clear. The drawing of leukocytes from the circulation into the inflamed glomerulus, accompanied by proliferation of resident mesangial cells and expansion of the mesangial matrix are key processes in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (GN). The migration of inflammatory cells into an extravascular site requires a series of coordinated signals including the generation of a chemotactic gradient by the cells of extravascular compartment. The nature of the stimulus and the subsequent spectrum of chemotactic factors produced determine the specific leukocyte population recruited to the inflammatory site. Members of the chemokine family play a central role in this process by attracting and stimulating specific subsets of leukocytes. Our hypothesis is that mesangial cell-derived chemokines are responsible for the initiation and maintenance of glomerular inflammation; in this review we discuss our recent findings supporting this theory. Increasing our understanding of the intracellular pathway that regulate chemokine production in human mesangial cells may provide leads to the design of more effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of glomerular inflammation.
Investigations of the defect structure of CdS single crystals and explanation of the exciton lines shift (1975)

Abstract In this paper an influence of the defect structure of CdS crystal on the exciton line shift has been investigated. It was proved that the exciton line shift towards higher energies is connected with variations of the lattice constant caused by zinc impurities. CdS crystals after Zn ions implantation do not reveal the exciton line shift and only broadening of these lines occurs due to the strain field existing in crystal lattice.
WebChild 2.0 : Fine-Grained Commonsense Knowledge Distillation (2017)

Despite important progress in the area of intelligent systems, most such systems still lack commonsense knowledge that appears crucial for enabling smarter, more human-like decisions. In this paper, we present a system based on a series of algorithms to distill fine-grained disambiguated commonsense knowledge from massive amounts of text. Our WebChild 2.0 knowledge base is one of the largest commonsense knowledge bases available, describing over 2 million disambiguated concepts and activities, connected by over 18 million assertions.
CIVIL LAW JURISDICTIONS AND THE ENGLISH TRUST IDEA: LOST IN TRANSLATION? (2012)

This piece is a short discussion on the English; and more widely the common law concept of the trust and its traditional exclusion from civil law systems. It seeks to unearth that the apparent distaste civil law systems have for the common law trust is rooted in each system’s respective attitude to rights in property and at least some degree of mistranslation. This apparent gulf in understanding can be bridged by incorporating the trust into the more ancient Roman law concept of the patrimony, thereby making the trust sit more comfortably in civil law jurisdictions. In bridging the divide, this new appreciation for the trust challenges us as common lawyers to reconsider the traditional common law premise of the trust as being less about proprietary interest as it is about personal rights and obligations.
NH2-terminal hydrophobic region of influenza virus neuraminidase provides the signal function in translocation. (1984)

Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA), unlike the majority of integral membrane proteins, does not contain a cleavable signal sequence. It contains an NH2-terminal hydrophobic domain that functions as an anchor. We have investigated the signal function for translocation of this NH2-terminal hydrophobic domain of NA by constructing chimeric cDNA clones in which the DNA coding for the first 40 NH2-terminal hydrophobic amino acids of NA was joined to the DNA coding for the signal-minus hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus. The chimeric HA (N4OH) containing the NH2 terminus of NA was expressed in CV1 cells by using a simian virus 40 late-expression vector. The chimeric HA is synthesized, translocated into the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and glycosylated, whereas HA lacking the signal sequence is present only in small amounts and is unglycosylated. These results clearly show that the NH2 terminus of NA, in addition to its anchor function, also provides the signal function in translocation. However, the acquisition of complex oligosaccharides and the transport of N4OH to the cell surface are greatly retarded. To determine if the presence of two anchor sequences, one provided by NA at the NH2 terminus and the other provided by HA at the COOH terminus of N4OH, was responsible for the slow transport, the NH2 terminus of NA was fused to an "anchorless" HA. The resulting chimeric HA (N4OH482) contains the hydrophobic domain of NA at the NH2 terminus but lacks the HA anchor at the COOH terminus. N4OH482 was synthesized and glycosylated; however, as with N4OH, the acquisition of complex oligosaccharides and the migration to the cell surface are greatly retarded. Immunofluorescence data also support that, compared to the native HA, only a small amount of chimeric HA proteins is transported to the cell surface. Thus, the hydrophobic NH2 terminus of NA, although capable of providing the signal function in translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum, interferes with the transport of the chimeric HA to the cell surface.
A 3-bit RF-MEMS aperture tunable PIFA antenna (2015)

This paper presents simulation, fabrication and measurement of a small aperture tunable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The proposed PIFA antenna uses RF MEMS switches to modify the electrical length and the behavior of the antenna. Measurements show a tuning range from 1.34 GHz to 0.99 GHz depending on the state of the MEMS switches. Matching better than -9 dB down to -16 dB was obtained over the entire tuning range. The antenna has also been tested versus power handling, through an original ACPR measurement setup, showing excellent linearity up to 20 dBm input power.
Enzyme‐Degradable Self‐Assembled Hydrogels From Polyalanine‐Modified Poly(ethylene glycol) Star Polymers (2013)

The generation of a range of star-shaped block copolymers composed of a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) core tethered to a polyalanine (PAla) shell that possesses the capability to (reversibly) self-assemble in water is described. The hydrogels formed offer a hydrophilic environment ideal for biological processes involving proteins and are able to withhold albumin for prolonged periods before its triggered release following the targeted material degradation by the proteolytic enzyme elastase. Consequently, the materials formed offer significant promise for the delivery of proteins, and possibly inhibitors, in response to a proteolytic enzyme overexpressed in chronic wounds.
Negative Refraction at Optical Frequencies in Nonmagnetic Two-Component Molecular Media (2005)

There is significant motivation to develop media with negative refractive indices at optical frequencies, but efforts in this direction are hampered by the weakness of the magnetic response at such frequencies. We show theoretically that a nonmagnetic medium with two atomic or molecular constituents can exhibit a negative refractive index. A negative index is possible even when the real parts of both the permittivity and permeability are positive. This surprising result provides a route to isotropic negative-index media at optical frequencies.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of α-Lipoic Acid on Early Glomerular Injury in Diabetes Mellitus (2001)

Antioxidants, in particular vitamin E (VE), have been reported to protect against diabetic renal injury. alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) has been found to attenuate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but its effects on nephropathy have not been examined. In the present study, parameters of glomerular injury were examined in streptozotocin diabetic rats after 2 mo on unsupplemented diets and in diabetic rats that received the lowest daily dose of dietary LA (30 mg/kg body wt), VE (100 IU/kg body wt), or vitamin C (VC; 1 g/kg body wt), which detectably increased the renal cortical content of each antioxidant. Blood glucose values did not differ among the diabetic groups. At 2 mo, inulin clearance, urinary albumin excretion, fractional albumin clearance, glomerular volume, and glomerular content of immunoreactive transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen alpha1 (IV) all were significantly increased in unsupplemented D compared with age-matched nondiabetic controls. With the exception of inulin clearance, LA prevented or significantly attenuated the increase in all of these glomerular parameters in D, as well as the increases in renal tubular cell TGF-beta seen in D. At the dose used, VE reduced inulin clearance in D to control levels but failed to alter any of the other indices of glomerular injury or to suppress renal tubular cell TGF-beta in D. VC suppressed urinary albumin excretion, fractional albumin clearance, and glomerular volume but not glomerular or tubular TGF-beta or glomerular collagen alpha1 (IV) content. LA but not VE or VC significantly increased renal cortical glutathione content in D. These data indicate that LA is effective in the prevention of early diabetic glomerular injury and suggest that this agent may have advantages over high doses of either VE or VC.
Use of Computed Tomographic Reconstruction in Planning Osteotomies of the Hip (1992)

Certain deformities of the hip joint seem to predispose the hip to the development of osteoarthrosis. Successful surgical correction of these deformities before the onset of osteoarthrosis requires accurate characterization of the anatomic deviations from normal as the first step in planning corrective osteotomy. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction in planning reconstructive hip osteotomy has most often been employed in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Computed tomography scanning with three-dimensional reconstruction can characterize the often complex deviations from normal in shape and attitude of acetabulum and femoral head in cases with residual hip dysplasia. Three-dimensional reconstruction also allows simulation of redirectional femoral or pelvic osteotomies to facilitate precise application of newer powerful surgical techniques for reorienting the acetabulum.
A Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting from a Rotating Tire and its Application as a Self‐Powered Pressure/Speed Sensor (2011)

A nanogenerator is integrated onto a tire's inner surface and scavenges mechanical energy from deformation of the tire during its motion. A liquid crystal display (LCD) screen is lit directly by the nanogenerator. The possibility of scale-up is demonstrated and the potential to use the nanogenerator a self-powered tire pressure sensor and speed detector in mobile vehicles is shown.
An asymmetric watermarking method (2003)

This paper presents an asymmetric watermarking method as an alternative to classical direct sequence spread spectrum and watermarking Costa (1983) schemes techniques. This new method provides a higher security level against malicious attacks threatening watermarking techniques used for a copy protection purpose. This application, which is quite different from the classical copyright enforcement issue, is extremely challenging as no public algorithm is yet known to be secure enough, and some proposed proprietary techniques have been already hacked. Our method is thus an attempt toward the proof that the Kerckhoff's (1883) principle can be stated in the copy protection framework.
E103 HIV-1 Vaccine Elicited IgA and IgG Antibody Specificities (2013)

Measurement of the full repertoire of HIV-1 vaccine elicited epitope specificities (of different antibody isotypes/subclasses) both systemically and at mucosal sites enables a better understanding of the breadth and diversity of humoral responses that are possible with current vaccine candidates. The results from the RV144 correlates analysis have significantly informed our understanding of how to analytically probe the HIV-1 vaccine elicited antibody repertoire. Several leading hypotheses were generated that are critical to test in future HIV-1 vaccine candidates. Measurements of the response rates and magnitudes of V1V2 IgG antibodies and Env IgA binding antibodies elicited by different vaccine regimens (different vector, adjuvant and Env immunogen formulations) are important for understanding whether these correlates can be confirmed with other regimens. Additionally, non-neutralizing antibody functions (FcR mediated antiviral functions, virion capture etc.) and specificities, like gp41 antibodies, elicited by HIV-1 vaccines are important to profile and test for protective functions. Determining the diversity of responses by different HIV-1 vaccine regimens can help guide further immunogen design and vaccine strategies for specifically targeting the elicitation of protective antibodies.
Code compression based on operand factorization (1998)

This paper proposes a code compression technique called operand factorization. The central idea of operand factorization is the separation of program expression trees into sequences of tree-patterns (opcodes) and operand patterns (registers and immediates). Using this technique, we show that tree and operand patterns have exponential frequency distributions. A set of experiments were designed to explore this feature. They reveal an average compression ratio of 43% for SPECInt95 programs. A decompression engine is proposed, which assembles tree and operand patterns into uncompressed instruction sequences. An encoding that improves the design of the decompression engine results in a 48% compression ratio. Compression ratio numbers take into consideration an estimate of the decompression engine size.