gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding plant-pathogen interactions in Septoria tritici blotch infection of cereals (2021)

Zymoseptoria is a major fungal pathogen of wheat, responsible for the Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) disease. Recently, STB has been the subject of intensive molecular studies. Notably, massive transcriptomic analyses have helped to explore this particular bi-phasic (asymptomatic/necrotrophic) infection process. Cytological analyses have also improved our understanding of the asymptomatic phase. These advances suggest that Zymoseptoria behaves as a hemi-biotrophic fungus, acting like an endophyte during its asymptomatic phase. STB is still difficult to control. The emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates has reduced the efficacy of many fungicides requiring the development of novel fungicides and methods to counteract/reduce fungicide resistance. Likewise, because Stb-resistant wheat cultivars have all been successively defeated by virulent isolates, there is a need to identify new resistance genes in wheat, and to develop better disease resistance management methods (pyramiding, mixture/alternation) to sustainably control this pathogen.
Theory of the field-effect mobility in amorphous organic transistors (1998)

The field-effect mobility in an organic thin-film transistor is studied theoretically. From a percolation model of hopping between localized states and a transistor model an analytic expression for the field-effect mobility is obtained. The theory is applied to describe the experiments by Brown et al. [Synth. Met. 88, 37 (1997)] on solution-processed amorphous organic transistors, made from a polymer (polythienylene vinylene) and from a small molecule (pentacene). Good agreement is obtained, with respect to both the gate voltage and the temperature dependence of the mobility.
A cell-based approach to performance optimization of fanout-free circuits (1992)

The following optimization problem is considered. Assume that each gate of a given circuit can be realized by one of several implementations which have different physical properties. Given this assumption, realizations of the circuit with optimal area delay tradeoff are sought. The formal model used is a discrete version of the transistor sizing problem on one hand and a special case of the library mapping problem on the other hand. It is independent of technology and applicable to even very restrictive design styles, as, for example, gate arrays or sea of gates. Since sizing of general combinational circuits is NP-complete, it is proposed to use heuristics on the base of optimal solutions for subcircuits. With this in mind, an efficient dynamic programming algorithm for minimizing the delay of a fanout-free circuit (tree) under an area constraint is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantitative Influence of ABO Blood Groups on Factor VIII and Its Ratio to von Willebrand Factor, Novel Observations from an ARIC Study of 11,673 Subjects (2020)

ABO blood groups are known to influence the plasma level of von Willebrand factor (VWF), but little is known about the relationship between ABO and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). We analyzed the influence of ABO genotypes on VWF antigen, FVIII activity, and their quantitative relationship in 11,673 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. VWF, FVIII, and FVIII/VWF levels varied significantly among O, A (A1 and A2), B and AB subjects, and the extent of which varied between Americans of European (EA) and African (AA) descent. We validated a strong influence of ABO blood type on VWF levels (15.2%), but also detected a direct ABO influence on FVIII activity (0.6%) and FVIII/VWF ratio (3.8%) after adjustment for VWF. We determined that FVIII activity changed 0.54% for every 1% change in VWF antigen level. This VWF-FVIII relationship differed between subjects with O and B blood types in EA, AA, and in male, but not female subjects. Variations in FVIII activity were primarily detected at low VWF levels. These new quantitative influences on VWF, FVIII and the FVIII/VWF ratio help understand how ABO genotypes differentially influence VWF, FVIII and their ratio, particularly in racial and gender specific manners.
Rapid methods to extract DNA and RNA fromCryptococcus neoformans (2001)

Extraction of nucleic acids from the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is normally hampered by a thick and resistant capsule, accounting for at least 70% of the whole cellular volume. This paper presents procedures based on mechanical cell breakage to extract DNA and RNA from C. neoformans and other capsulated species. The proposed system for DNA extraction involves capsule relaxation by means of a short urea treatment and bead beating. These two steps allow a consistent extraction even from strains resistant to other procedures. Yield and quality of DNA obtained with the proposed method were higher than those obtained with two earlier described methods. This protocol can be extended to every yeast species and particularly to those difficult to handle for the presence of a capsule. RNA purification is accomplished using an original lysing matrix and the FastPrep System (Bio101) after a preliminary bead beating treatment. Yields range around 1 mg RNA from 15 ml overnight culture (10(9) cells), RNA appears undegraded, making it suitable for molecular manipulations.
Eine semi-synthetische S. pneumoniae Serotyp 3 Tetrasaccharid-Konjugatvakzine schützt Mäuse vor Pneumonie (2018)

Die Vakzinierung ist eine weltweit anerkannte Methode zur Prophylaxe invasiver Pneumokokkenerkrankungen. Aktuell verfügbare Polysaccharidimpfstoffe umfassen jedoch nur einen Teil der klinisch relevanten Serotypen. Zudem ist das gegen Serotyp 3 (ST3) Pneumokokken gerichtete Kapselpolysaccharid im aktuell zugelassenen Impfstoff Prevenar13® nur eingeschränkt wirksam. Eine neu verfügbare chemische Methode ermöglicht die kurzfristige Synthese optimierter Impfantigene von S. pneumoniae. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde nun der protektive Effekt eines neuen monovalenten ST3-Glykokonjugatimpfstoffes, der ein solches vollständig synthetisch hergestelltes Kapseltetrasaccharidantigen von S. pneumoniae ST3 enthält, evaluiert.
Alcoholism and Affective Disorder (1985)

From January to November 1980, 421 consecutive new patient admissions to a large alcohol treatment facility were interviewed and diagnosed using the Affective Disorder Section of the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The patient population was divided into two groups based on the presence of an affective disorder diagnosis. The groups identified at the highest risk for concurrent affective disorder among alcoholic inpatients were females ages 20 through 30 and not presently married individuals. Implications of these findings are further discussed.
Relationship of claw form and exoskeleton condition to reproductive system size and methyl farnesoate in the male spider crab,Libinia emarginata (1991)

Summary Methyl farnesoate (MF) expression and reproductive system size were compared in five representative groups of male L. emarginata selected from a sample collected in November. The groups differed from each other with respect to carapace size (small, intermediate and large), relative propodus size (small and large claw forms), and condition of the exoskeleton (abraded and unabraded). Large males with large claws and abraded exoskeletons had reproductive system indices which were significantly larger than any other group. The mandibular organs of these crabs also had significantly higher rates of methyl farnesoate synthesis in vitro. Hemolymph titers of methyl farnesoate were also highest in this group, but were not significantly different from the group with small carapaces, small claws and unabraded exoskeletons. Methyl farnesoate titers were significantly lower in all other groups of unabraded animals with small or large claws. These results suggest that methyl farnesoate may play a role in morphogenesis and reproduction in male L. emarginata. Keywords: morphogenesismethyl farnesoatemale reproductionMajidae
A Murine Model of X-Linked Moesin-Associated Immunodeficiency (X-MAID) Reveals Defects in T Cell Homeostasis and Migration (2022)

X-linked moesin associated immunodeficiency (X-MAID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease in which patients suffer from profound lymphopenia leading to recurrent infections. The disease is caused by a single point mutation leading to a R171W amino acid change in the protein moesin (moesin<sup>R171W</sup>). Moesin is a member of the ERM family of proteins, which reversibly link the cortical actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Here, we describe a novel mouse model with global expression of moesin<sup>R171W</sup> that recapitulates multiple facets of patient disease, including severe lymphopenia. Further analysis reveals that these mice have diminished numbers of thymocytes and bone marrow precursors. X-MAID mice also exhibit systemic inflammation that is ameliorated by elimination of mature lymphocytes through breeding to a Rag1-deficient background. The few T cells in the periphery of X-MAID mice are highly activated and have mostly lost moesin<sup>R171W</sup> expression. In contrast, single-positive (SP) thymocytes do not appear activated and retain high expression levels of moesin<sup>R171W</sup>. Analysis of <i>ex vivo</i> CD4 SP thymocytes reveals defects in chemotactic responses and reduced migration on integrin ligands. While chemokine signaling appears intact, CD4 SP thymocytes from X-MAID mice are unable to polarize and rearrange cytoskeletal elements. This mouse model will be a valuable tool for teasing apart the complexity of the immunodeficiency caused by moesin<sup>R171W</sup>, and will provide new insights into how the actin cortex regulates lymphocyte function.
Articulated Suspension Without Springs (1990)

Wheels negotiate bumps and holes with minimal tilting of vehicle body. In new suspension, wheel climbs obstacle as high as 1 1/2 times its diameter without excessive tilting of chassis. Provides highly stable ride over rough ground for such vehicles as wheelchairs, military scout cars, and police and fire robots. System of levers distributes weight to wheels. Sized to distribute equal or other desired portions of load among wheels.
<title>Advances in high-resolution distributed sensing using a time-resolved photon counting technique</title> (1996)

A very high resolution distributed optical-fiber temperature sensor system has been demonstrated using a time-resolved photon counting technique. The spatial resolution of the system is 3.5 cm. A temperature sensitivity of 2 degrees Celsius has been achieved with 1 minute integration time when averaging the data points over 10 cm. The system offers a practical solution for life assessment and monitoring of hot spots along the steam pipes in power plants.
Unique Properties of Coactivator Recruitment Caused by Differential Binding of FK614, an Anti-diabetic Agent, to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor .GAMMA. (2006)

FK614 is a structurally novel class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, with the mechanism of its insulin-sensitizing action most likely due to activation of PPARgamma. In this study, properties of FK614 for PPARgamma binding, ability to induce conformational change, and coactivator recruitment were investigated. FK614, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone competed specific binding of [3H]rosiglitazone to PPARgamma with Ki values of 11 nM, 47 nM, and 1.3 microM, respectively. Limited trypsin digestion of PPARgamma with FK614 or rosiglitazone produced distinct patterns of digested polypeptides, suggesting that FK614 directly binds to PPARgamma but induces specific alterations in receptor conformation. FK614 induced interaction of PPARgamma with nuclear receptor coactivator CBP but of lower magnitude than rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. The estimated Kd values of FK614-, rosiglitazone-, and pioglitazone-PPARgamma complex to CBP peptide were 1.8, 0.64, and 0.72 microM, respectively, indicating FK614-PPARgamma complex exhibits a lower affinity for CBP peptide compared to other agonist-PPARgamma complexes. When tested the effect of FK614 on CBP recruitment induced by 9(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, an endogenous ligand, FK614 negatively modulated PPARgamma activation. The unique properties of FK614 may underlie the molecular basis of ligand-dependent transcriptional modulation mediated by PPARgamma.
Formulation of PID control for dc-dc converters based on capacitor current: A geometric context (2010)

The output-voltage-derivative term of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller injects significant noise in a dc-dc converter. This is mainly due to the presence of parasitic resistance and inductance of the output capacitor. Particularly during a large-signal transient, noise injection significantly degrades phase margin. Although noise characteristics can be improved by reducing the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter associated with the voltage derivative, it degrades the closed-loop bandwidth. A new formulation of a PID controller is introduced to replace the output-voltage-derivative with information about the capacitor current, thus reducing noise injection. It is shown this new formulation preserves the fundamental principle of a PID controller and incorporates a load current feed-forward as well as inductor current dynamics. This can be helpful to further improve bandwidth and phase margin. The proposed method is shown to be equivalent to a voltage-mode controlled buck converter and a current-mode controlled boost converter with a PID controller in the voltage feedback loop.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's and vascular disease vary by age, gender, and APOE genotype in cognitively normal adults (2017)

Female APOE-ε4 carriers appear at higher risk for AD after age 50. In contrast, men may experience a relatively higher rate of cerebrovascular injury in middle and early old age.
Inhibitor treatment in haemophilias A and B: summary statement for the 2006 international consensus conference (2006)

Participants in an international conference on the management of haemophilia patients with inhibitors developed a jointly authored summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. Current knowledge of the genetic and immunologic mechanisms underlying inhibitor development was briefly summarized. Concerning the purported treatment-related risk factors, conference participants commented on the limitations of the available evidence and the need for more rigorous prospective research in a fully genotyped population. Other clinical considerations discussed included the unproved utility of routine surveillance, the need for assay standardization, the management of acute bleeding and approaches to joint disease prophylaxis and immune tolerance induction (ITI). A number of issues were identified as needing further investigation in larger prospective studies, ideally through international cooperation. Such studies should enroll cohorts that have been scrupulously defined in terms of mutation status and treatment exposure. Finally, conference participants urged their colleagues to participate in the currently ongoing international trials of ITI.
Trapped ion effect on shielding, current flow, and charging of a small object in a plasma (2003)

The problem of electrostatic shielding around a small spherical collector immersed in nonflowing plasma, and the related problem of electron and ion flow to the collector, date to the origins of plasma physics. Calculations have typically neglected collisions, on the grounds that the mean free path is long compared to the Debye length. However, it has long been suspected that negative-energy trapped ions, created by occasional collisions, could be important. This paper presents self-consistent analytic calculations of the density and distribution function of trapped and untrapped ions, the potential profile, the ion and electron current to the collector, and the floating potential and charge of the collector. Under typical conditions for dust grains immersed in a discharge plasma, trapped ions are found to dominate the shielding near the grain, substantially increase the ion current to the grain, and suppress the floating potential and grain charge, even when the mean free path is much greater than the Debye length.
Rod-Like Structure of Cotton Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tellurium Dioxide (TeO2) Hybrid Nanocomposite and Antimicrobial Properties (2017)

We report on the in situ synthesis through sol-gel processing of a tellurium dioxide (TeO2)–cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid composite. The cellulose–PVA hybrid composite was synthesized through chemical graft in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDX, high-resolution transition microscopy (FE-TEM) revealed that polycrystalline nanorods were uniformly distributed with sizes of 20 nm in the cotton cellulose–PVA–TeO2 hybrid nanocomposite. The average size of TeO2 crystallite was calculated to be 0.292 nm, as shown in the FE-TEM, SAED, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocomposites were studied for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli strains, which was inhibited at a size of 10–12 mm after 24 h of incubation.
Peptide enrichment and protein fractionation using selective electrophoresis (2008)

In recent times, the analysis of the peptidome has become increasingly valuable to gain a better understanding of the critical roles native peptides play in biological processes. Here, we show a technique using a novel electrophoretic device named MF10, for the fractionation of proteins and peptides based on size and also pH in low volume liquid phase under an electric field. A 1 microM, 7-protein and peptide standard mix ranging from 1 to 25 kDa has been used to show peptide migration into a fraction contained by 1-5 kDa membranes. Simultaneous fractionation of the higher mass protein standards to the correct fraction also occurred. To assess the MF10's ability to fractionate more complex samples, human plasma was used to enrich for the peptidome below 5 kDa in the presence of the proteome. Peptide enrichment was achieved while simultaneously fractionating higher mass proteins to three other mass restricted fractions. The utility of this approach is demonstrated with the identification (with at least 2 ppm mass accuracy) of 76 unique peptides, equating to 22 proteins enriched to the 1-5 kDa fraction of the MF10.
Investigation of Tb‐related green emission in group‐III nitrides by time‐resolved photoluminescence measurement (2008)

Abstract Luminescence properties of Tb impurity in AlGaN are investigated various Al composition using time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). When the AlN molar fraction is increased, the luminescence intensity corresponding to inner‐shell transitions in Tb becomes strong. At low‐temperatures, 5 D 3 – 7 F J transitions are dominant in AlN‐rich samples, whereas 5 D 4 – 7 F J transitions are dominant at high‐temperature. Temperature dependence of the transient decay and the luminescence intensity suggest thermally activated energy‐transfer process and suppression of energy‐back‐transfer due to widening of the band‐gap. Therefore, the large improvement of PL capability in AlGaN may be due to increase of energy transfer efficiency and/or increase of active Tb impurity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MP14-17 PREDICTING ERECTILE FUNCTION FOLLOWING RADIATION THERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER AT THE POINT OF CARE (2016)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Animal models using the rabbit bladder have shown that outlet obstruction is associated with bladder fibrosis and diminished aerobic metabolism. Given that genitourinary toxicity in men undergoing radiation therapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is related to ischemia, we set out to correlate the relationship between clinical factors affecting bladder circulation and urinary complications after RT.
Epidural Analgesia in a Preeclamptic Parturient After Normalization of a Prolonged Bleeding Time With DDAVP (1995)

Preeclampsia-induced platelet dysfunction might be corrected with DDAVP: A controlled study is required before its routine use can be advocated.
Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Response to AC 263,222 (1998)

Leafy spurge is an exotic perennial weed that infests more than 1 million ha in North America and reduces rangeland carrying capacity. Experiments were initiated on range sites in Nebraska and North Dakota in 1994 and 1995 to determine the response of leafy spurge and other vegetation to AC 263,222. Herbicide treatments evaluated included AC 263,222 at 0 to 280 g ai/ha, picloram at 560 g ai/ha plus 2,4-D at 1,120 g ae/ha, and quinclorac at 1,120 g ai/ha. In Nebraska, a single application of AC 263,222 in the fall at 140 g/ha provided ≥ 90% leafy spurge control 11 to 12 mo after treatment. At Jamestown, ND, leafy spurge control increased to almost 90% and stem density declined to two shoots/m 2 12 mo after the second consecutive fall application of AC 263,222 at 140 g/ha. At Hankinson, ND, leafy spurge control was ≤ 50% when AC 263,222 was applied in the fall only, but increased to &gt; 80% when AC 263,222 was applied in the fall and again at 70 or 140 g/ha in the spring. There were no differences in herbage biomass of established cool- and warm-season grasses where AC 263,222 at 140 g/ha, picloram plus 2,4-D, quinclorac, or no herbicide was applied in the fall. In contrast, application of AC 263,222 in the fall and again in the spring usually reduced cool-season grass biomass.
Identification of sodium salicylate as an hsp inducer using a simple screening system for stress response modulators in mammalian cells (2003)

As heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in protecting cells and also in the pathophysiology of diseases such as inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, modulators of Hsp expression in mammalian cells would seem to be useful for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we isolated mammalian cell lines for screening of Hsp modulators; mouse C3H10T1/2 cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing the mouse Hsp105 or human Hsp70B promoter upstream of a luciferase or beta-galactosidase reporter gene, respectively. Using these cells, we examined the effect of sodium salicylate (SA), which may induce the transcription of hsp genes, on stress response in mammalian cells. When these cells were treated with SA for 1 h at 37 degrees C, both promoter activities were up-regulated by SA at concentrations of more than 45 mm. The activation of heat shock factor and the subsequent accumulation of Hsp105alpha and Hsp70 were detected in cells treated with SA at concentrations of more than 20 and 45 mm, respectively. Furthermore, SA induced resistance against a subsequent lethal stress. These findings suggested that SA is a potent hsp inducer, and may be used to protect cells against deleterious stressors.
Performance Analysis of Beamforming in Two Hop Amplify and Forward Relay Networks (2008)

The performance of beamforming in a two hop amplify and forward (AF) relay network is analyzed. This network consists of a single relay which is used to amplify and forward the signal from the source to the destination. The source and destination are both equipped with multiple antennas while the relay has a single antenna. In this paper, we derive closed form expressions for the outage probability and probability density function of the received SNR. We also present exact symbol error rate expressions for the two hop AF relay network and show that full spatial diversity order, which corresponds to the minimum number of antennas at the source and destination, can be achieved. Our analytical results are confirmed through comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.