gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight Evaluation of a Basic C/A Code Differential GPS for Category I Precision Approach (1992)

Flight tests are being conducted by Wilcox Electric to evaluate the capability of local area C/A Code DGPS to provide accuracy suitable for precision approach operations under Category I conditions 200 ft. decision height (DH), 2600 ft. runway visual range (RVR). The Wilcox King Air 300 aircraft which is instrumented for flight inspection of ILS and MLS Landing Systems is equipped with DGPS receiving equipment and additional computing capability which derives GPS based instrument approach paths. converts DGPS latitude/longitude/altitude position information to lateral/vertical deviations from the approach path and drives the appropriate aircraft flight instruments. A mobile ground station using identical DGPS receiving equipment and a VHF data transmitter is employed to send differential corrections to the aircraft system. Other than the differential corrections no other augmentation of the airborne data is employed. Approximately 50 ILS-like approaches have been flown under various I-IDOP and VDOP conditions using the DGPS derived path deviations as guidance to the aircraft. Data is taken simultaneously on aircraft position relative to the desired approach path as determined by a conventional ground based radio telemetering theodolite (RTT), by the DGPS system and by the ILS system installed at the site. In addition to collecting information on the guidance accuracy of the basic DGPS system during landing approaches as well as comparative performance data with respect to ICAO standard ILS the tests are designed to provide information on a number of other factors which are important to the landing requirement. These include the following: l The data is characterized in terms of path following noise (PFN). path following error (PFE) and control motion noise (CMN). This is required in order to define the ability of any system to provide guidance inputs suitable for precision approach. l Data is collected at position update rates of 4 to 5 Hz which is more suitable for precision approach than the conventional 1 Hz update rate common to most GPS receivers today. l The data represents what can be achieved by a minimally equipped aircraft using DGPS alone. The aircraft is flown manually without benefit of augmentation from radar altimeter. inertial reference system or flight management system. This would be typical of most of the general aviation fleet. air taxi and commuter operations as well as older air transport aircraft and helicopters. l The impact on performance of improved receiver signal processing which reduces receiver noise errors and multipath effects over that achieved by most current GPS receivers is evaluated. These are the principal residual errors after local area differential corrections are applied and any improvement will reflect directly into improved accuracy on approach.
Comparison of a prepCheck‐supported self‐assessment concept with conventional faculty supervision in a pre‐clinical simulation environment (2018)

The implemented interactive digitally based, self-assessment learning tool for undergraduates appears to be equivalent to the conventional form of supervision. Therefore, such digital learning tools could significantly address the ever-increasing student to faculty ratio.
Antibody Responses in Bursa-Deficient Chickens (1966)

Summary Normal and bursa-deficient chickens (obtained by surgery or 19-nortestosterone treatment) were immunized at 6 weeks with killed Brucella abortis. Antibody responses were assayed by a sensitive microagglutination test. Chickens with bursa weight &amp;gt; 1000 mg showed a rapid increase in mean log2 total antibody titer from 7 to a maximum of 21 at day 5 after immunization. Bursaless animals showed an increase from 3 to a maximum of 15 at day 7. The antibodies were chiefly mercaptoethanol-sensitive (IgM). By day 9 the total antibody titers in the bursaless and normal animals were almost the same—14 and 16. Bursaless chickens showed a very low ME-resistant (IgG) antibody titer (2) at day 9 when the normal chickens had IgG titers of 9. The IgG titers at day 9 of all animals, normal and bursa-deficient, were strongly correlated with the IgM titers at the time (day 2) of the first clearly detectable response. The log2 antibody titer on day 2 in turn was linearly related to log bursa weight from 6000 mg down to about 200 mg. When the bursa weight was below about 100 mg, the day 2 response was not different from that of bursaless animals. The observed subnormalities of bursa-deficient animals are consistent with a decrease in a largely bursa-dependent early immune response (and IgM antibody level) which determines the later, more severe impairment of IgG antibody synthesis.
Formamidinesulfinic acid reduction of dihydrocodeinone derivatives (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormamidinesulfinic acid reduction of dihydrocodeinone derivativesGeorge A. Brine, Karl G. Boldt, Michael L. Coleman, David J. Bradley, and F. Ivy CarrollCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 8, 1555–1557Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00402a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00402a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patient-reported outcomes in a multicenter randomized study of in-person versus telephone disclosure of genetic test results for cancer susceptibility. (2016)

1502 Background: Genetic testing for cancer predisposition traditionally includes in-person pre- and post-test genetic counseling. Outcomes of telephone delivery of a range of cancer genetic test results, including multi-gene panel testing, are unknown. Methods: 984 patients at 5 centers undergoing cancer genetic testing (after in-person pre-test counseling) enrolled. 819 were randomly assigned to in-person (IPD; n=418) or telephone disclosure (TD; n=401) of results. 17% (n=165) declined randomization given a preference for IPD. Primary outcomes were knowledge, state anxiety and general anxiety. We used non-inferiority tests for primary analyses, and T-tests for secondary analyses. Results: TD was not worse than IPD for general and state anxiety, but did not reach the non-inferiority threshold for knowledge. In secondary analyses examining change scores between arms, there were no significant differences in knowledge, anxiety, depression, or cancer worry between arms. Those in the TD arm had greater increases in satisfaction (+3.26 v. -0.26, p=0.008), greater reductions in access burdens (-1.5 v. 0.10, p<0.001) and less increase in uncertainty (-0.26 v. + 0.76, p=0.04) compared to IPD. Among several subgroups (169 participants who had multi-gene testing; 88 who received a positive result, 54 who received a variant of uncertain significance), there were no significant differences between randomized arms in knowledge, depression, cancer worry or uncertainty, and TD was associated with greater increases in satisfaction and decreases in access burdens compared to IPD. Among those with a positive result, those in the TD arm had less increase in general anxiety compared to IPD (5.85 v. 6.77, p=0.02). Conclusions: Short-term patient reported distress is not worse in telephone communication of results than in-person disclosure, but knowledge failed the test for non-inferiority. Although there are patient reported advantages to phone disclosure, longitudinal data and evaluation of the impact on health behaviors is needed before widespread adoption of phone communication for disclosure of genetic test results, particularly in the era of multi-gene testing. Clinical trial information: NCT01736345.
Low Molecular Weight Heparins: Differences and Similarities in Approved Preparations in the United States (1999)

There is adequate preclinical data to support the differential biochemical and pharmacological behavior of the currently approved low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) in the United States. Initial studies on the anti-Xa, anti-IIa, and U.S. Pharmacopoeial (USP) potencies have clearly demonstrated differences among these products. Furthermore, the ratios between the anti-X and anti-IIa activities vary from one product to another. This is primarily due to the composition of each product manufactured by using different patented methods. Studies in pharmacologic animal models, using gravimetric dosages or adjusted anti-Xa dosages of the LMWHs, produce product-specific results. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of each product also vary markedly and are not predictable on the basis of any pharmacopoeial potency designation. These agents are capable of releasing tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), an inhibitor of the coagulation process. Its release is also dependent on the type of LMWH. In the United States enoxaprin, dalteparin, and ardeparin have been approved for DVT prophylaxis. Only enoxaparin and dalteparin have been approved for the acute coronary syndrome. Recently the clinical differentiation among these LMWHs has been demonstrated in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Similarly, when these drugs are used at high dosages, they are expected to produce product-specific pharmacodynamic effects. It must be noted that while these drugs may be interchangeable at clinically optimized/approved dosages, these drugs are not interchangeable at equivalent anti-Xa dosages. Even at optimized dosages, the clinical provile of each drug may be different. Thus, each of the LMWHs should be considered a distinct entity and their use in a given clinical situation should be validated in proper clinical trials.
Metagenomics reveals contrasting energy utilization efficiencies of captive and wild camels (Camelus ferus) (2021)

Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals. In this study, we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) between wild and captive populations, as well as their different host energy utilization performances through metagenomics. The results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids, fewer methanogens, and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis, leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living camels. These findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field environment. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.
Speech distortion measures for hearing aids. (1987)

Advances in digital technology and the associated introduction of new forms of distortion led us to investigate supplementary measures of electroacoustic distortion for hearing aids. Mathematical techniques were used to formulate a working model in which the hearing aid acts as a time varying linear filter. This model embodies an approach to separating distortion into perceptually relevant and irrelevant categories. Digitized speech was converted to analog form, routed through a commercial hearing aid, and the output of the aid was redigitized and stored. For a given input signal, output speech waveforms were then compared to the model output and performance measures were derived. Distortion was plotted in three dimensions to permit interpretation with respect to time, frequency, and amplitude. These results provide a more comprehensive and general format for the analysis of hearing aid distortion.
Association between using medications with anticholinergic properties and short‐term cognitive decline among older men: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan (2017)

Exposure to anticholinergic drugs significantly increased the risk for short-term cognitive decline among older men, and the adverse effects remained similar when antipsychotics were excluded for analysis. A further intervention study is required to evaluate whether reducing anticholinergic burden might improve cognitive function among older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017: 17 (Suppl. 1): 57-64.
RE: EXTENDED RADICAL LYMPHADENECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyLetters to the Editor1 Jul 2004RE: EXTENDED RADICAL LYMPHADENECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY Per-Uno Malmström, Amir Sherif, and Magnus Thörn Per-Uno MalmströmPer-Uno Malmström More articles by this author , Amir SherifAmir Sherif More articles by this author , and Magnus ThörnMagnus Thörn More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000132366.20760.53AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: EXTENDED RADICAL LYMPHADENECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY." The Journal of Urology, 172(1), p. 386 References 1 : Extended lymph-node dissection for gastric cancer. Dutch Gastric Cancer Group. N Engl J Med1999; 340: 908. Google Scholar 2 : Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med2002; 347: 1227. Google Scholar 3 : Lymphatic mapping and detection of sentinel nodes in patients with bladder cancer. J Urol2001; 166: 812. Link, Google Scholar 4 : Observations on a “sentinel node” in cancer of the parotid. Cancer1960; 13: 77. Google Scholar 5 : An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma. Cancer1977; 39: 456. Google Scholar 6 : Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg1992; 127: 392. Google Scholar Department of Urology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden and Department of Surgery, South Stockholm General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 1July 2004Page: 386 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Per-Uno Malmström More articles by this author Amir Sherif More articles by this author Magnus Thörn More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Particle-Based Multidimensional Multispecies Biofilm Model (2004)

In this paper we describe a spatially multidimensional (two-dimensional [2-D] and three-dimensional [3-D]) particle-based approach for modeling the dynamics of multispecies biofilms growing on multiple substrates. The model is based on diffusion-reaction mass balances for chemical species coupled with microbial growth and spreading of biomass represented by hard spherical particles. Effectively, this is a scaled-up version of a previously proposed individual-based biofilm model. Predictions of this new particle-based model were quantitatively compared with those obtained with an established one-dimensional (1-D) multispecies model for equivalent problems. A nitrifying biofilm containing aerobic ammonium and nitrite oxidizers, anaerobic ammonium oxidizers, and inert biomass was chosen as an example. The 2-D and 3-D models generally gave the same results. If only the average flux of nutrients needs to be known, 2-D and 1-D models are very similar. However, the behavior of intermediates, which are produced and consumed in different locations within the biofilm, is better described in 2-D and 3-D models because of the multidirectional concentration gradients. The predictions of 2-D or 3-D models are also different from those of 1-D models for slowly growing or minority species in the biofilm. This aspect is related to the mechanism of biomass spreading or advection implemented in the models and should receive more attention in future experimental studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Chiral 4,4′‐Bipyridyls and Their Metal—Organic Frameworks. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chemical and organoleptic properties of dried emulsions (1975)

Abstract Safflower oil was incorporated into a model emulsion system containing emulsifier, carbohydrates, antioxidants, and protein. Emulsions were spray dried and the dry powders were stored at 60 C. Their oxidation rates were measured by headspace gas analysis (Oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide generation); peroxide and carbonyl values also were run. Although these objective tests all gave good correlation with average flavor scores, results show that oxygen absorption was superior to others as an indicator of flavor deterioration. Stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis showed that oxygen absorption and carbonyl value gave an equation which can predict flavor scores with a high degree of accuracy.
Quantitative in vivo proton MR spectroscopic evaluation of the irradiated rat brain (2007)

These findings indicate that quantitative in vivo MRS may serve as a sensitive imaging tool to noninvasively detect neurochemical changes in the irradiated brain.
Visualization techniques for mining large databases: a comparison (1996)

Visual data mining techniques have proven to be of high value in exploratory data analysis, and they also have a high potential for mining large databases. In this article, we describe and evaluate a new visualization-based approach to mining large databases. The basic idea of our visual data mining techniques is to represent as many data items as possible on the screen at the same time by mapping each data value to a pixel of the screen and arranging the pixels adequately. The major goal of this article is to evaluate our visual data mining techniques and to compare them to other well-known visualization techniques for multidimensional data: the parallel coordinate and stick-figure visualization techniques. For the evaluation of visual data mining techniques, the perception of data properties counts most, while the CPU time and the number of secondary storage accesses are only of secondary importance. In addition to testing the visualization techniques using real data, we developed a testing environment for database visualizations similar to the benchmark approach used for comparing the performance of database systems. The testing environment allows the generation of test data sets with predefined data characteristics which are important for comparing the perceptual abilities of visual data mining techniques.
The effect of the backpack on spine. (2016)

The objective of this work is to study the effect of the backpack on the components of the spine system of a child, know the effect of an eccentric load on the intervertebral discs, the creating a 3D model of the spine of child of 80 kg overall weight under the effect of three eccentric load (P2, P3, P4) plus P1 compression load and calculated by the element method ends, For the boundary conditions we fixed the sacrum (Embedding the sacrum). We propose in this section to draw up a comprehensive study of the distributions of stresses and normal elastic strain of Von Mises in the intervertebral discs based on loads supported. The results show that the stress and strain of Von Mises are highest and concentrated in four intervertebral discs (D1, D15, D16 and D17), which causes a problem that calls (herniated disc). We concluded that the cause of the posterior load, a 350 mm lever arm with a 200N load present maximum Von Mises stresses concentrated in four intervertebral discs (D1, D15, D16, D17), which justifies the distance between the load which is the point of application of the load and the axis of the spine plays a very important role in increasing the solicitation of the latter.
Figure S1 from Vessel-Targeted Chemophototherapy with Cationic Porphyrin-Phospholipid Liposomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Possible structures of oxidized DOTAP matching molecular weights following phototreatment, observed by HPLC-MS.&lt;/p&gt;
Design of Transformable Hinged Ori-Block Dissected from Cylinders and Cones (2021)

Abstract Design strategies for foldable mechanisms have been developed with inspiration from origami. In this study, we investigate a new direction that blocks are folded in a way that origami folds as the ori-blocks to generate a new type of foldable mechanisms consisting of multiple blocks. During the investigation, we propose a design approach to construct ori-blocks dissected from cylinders and cones, where “ori” is derived from the word “origami” in its original meaning as “folding”. In this way, we cut the solids into six portions and assign rotation axes to assemble the portions into movable blocks. Interestingly, this connects the Bricard classical linkages developed in 1897 to these ori-blocks with coincidence of the position and orientation of the axes when the blocks are replaced by links. The study bridges the gap between ori-blocks, origami, and mechanisms, which proposes a set of novel reconfigurable mechanisms as ori-blocks. As spatial linkages have been widely used in a broad range of technical fields, we anticipate that ori-blocks will find several potential applications owing to their kinematics in reconfigurability.
One-Stage and Two-Stage Schemes of High Performance Synchronous PWM with Smooth Pulses-Ratio Changing (2002)

This paper presents detailed description of one-stage and two-stage schemes of a novel method of synchronous, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) for voltage source inverters for ac drive application. The proposed control functions provide accurate realization of different versions of voltage space vector modulation with synchronization of the voltage waveform of the inverter and with smooth pulse-ratio changing. Voltage spectra do not contain even harmonic and sub-harmonics (combined harmonics) during the whole control range including the zone of overmodulation. Examples of determination of the basic control parameters of the inverters with low switching frequency, as wel1 as results of its simulations, are presented.