gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Intra Prediction Mode Decision using Most Probable Mode for H.264/AVC (2010)

가장 최근에 표준화가 완료된 동영상 압축 코덱인 H.264/AVC는 율-왜곡 최적화를 사용하여 압축률이 상당히 향상되었다. 율-왜곡 최적화는 다수의 후보 모드들 중에서 최적의 모드를 결정하기 위한 수단이며, 모든 모드에 대하여 라그랑지안 비용을 계산하여 그 비용이 가장 적은 모드를 최적의 모드로 결정한다. 하지만 이 방법의 사용으로 인하여 H.264/AVC 부호기의 계산 복잡도가 상당히 증가하였다. 본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC의 화면 내 예측 부호화의 율-왜곡 최적화의 사용으로 인한 계산 복잡도를 감소시키는 고속 화면 내 예측 모드 결정 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 Intra<TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX>와 Chroma Intra의 부호화 속도를 향상시키기 위하여 최고 확률 모드(MPM)가 가장 최적의 예측 모드인 경우를 미리 판단하여, 이 경우에는 율-왜곡 최적화 과정을 생략하고 최고 확률 모드를 사용하여 부호화한다. 또한 이 방법을 색차 화면 내 예측 모드에 유사하게 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 제안된 방법은 PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 손실이 거의 없이 평균 약 63%의 부호화 시간을 절약하였다. The most recent standard video codec, H.264/AVC achieves significant coding efficiency by using a rate-distortion optimization(RDO). The RDO is a measurement for selecting the best mode which minimizes the Lagrangian cost among several modes. As a result, the computational complexity is increased drastically in encoder. In this paper, a method for fast intra prediction mode decision is proposed to reduce the RDO complexity. To speed up Intra<TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX> and Chroma Intra encoding, the proposed method decides the case that MPM (Most Probable Mode) is the best prediction mode. In this case, the RDO process is skipped, and only MPM is used for encoding the block in Intra<TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX>. And the proposed method is also applied to the chroma Intra prediction mode in a similar way to the Intra<TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX>. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average encoding time saving of about 63% with negligible loss of PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio).
Optical detection and grading of lung neoplasia by Raman microspectroscopy (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Raman spectroscopy could be used to identify and potentially grade lung neoplasia in cell samples. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and compared with (i) HBEpCs expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7 or CDK4; (ii) the immortalized bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D and (iii) its asbestos-transformed derivative AsbTB2A. Overall, Raman spectroscopy, in combination with a linear discriminant analysis algorithm, was able to identify abnormal cells with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 75%. Subdivision of the cell types into 3 groups, representing normal cells (HBEpCs), cells with extended lifespan (HBEpCs expressing HPV 16 E7 or CDK4) and immortalized/transformed cells (BEP2D and AsbTB2A) showed that Raman spectroscopy identifies cells in these categories correctly with sensitivities of 75, 79 and 87%, and specificities of 91, 85 and 96%, respectively. In conclusion, Raman spectroscopy can, with high sensitivity, detect the presence of neoplastic development in lung cells and identify the stage of this development accurately, suggesting that this minimally invasive optical technology has potential for lung cancer diagnosis.
Breathe to stay cool (2010)

Reducing the energy consumption of a wireless cellular network is an important and urgent problem. This paper studies the effect of cell sizes on the energy consumed by the network, assuming base station technologies of today and the future. Making cell sizes too small or too large can significantly increase energy consumption. We show that the optimal cell size from an energy perspective depends on a number of factors, including base station technology, data rates, and traffic demands. Given that traffic varies significantly during a day, dynamically adjusting cell sizes can help reduce energy consumption. We propose a practical, 2-level scheme that adjusts cell sizes between two fixed values, and show an energy saving of up to 40%. The paper also proposes some self-organizing techniques to allow this dynamic cell size adjustment.
Integrated RF Front-End in 0.13 ¿m CMOS for Automotive and Industrial Applications beyond 20 GHz (2006)

An integrated front-end, for automotive and industrial applications beyond 20 GHz, in 0.13μm standard CMOS is presented. The front-end chip includes a low noise amplifier, a transformer-based Gilbert-mixer, an intermediate frequency amplifier and a buffer for the local oscillator input. The differential front-end at 22.5 GHz, measured on test-board, achieves a gain of 25.8 dB, a SSB noise figure of 6.8 dB, an input IP3 of -34.6 dBm and an input 1dB compression point of -41.5 dBm while consuming 112.5 mW at a power supply voltage of 1.5 V.
Modulatory Activity of the Copper Chelate, Copper N-(2-Hydroxy Acetophenone) Glycinate, in ABC-transporter-expressing Cell Lines (2023)

CuNG exerted different modulatory activities towards ABC-transporter-expressing cells. While CuNG-mediated ABC-transporter inhibition may improve tumor chemotherapy (like in HL60AR and MDCKII-hBCRP cells), CuNG-mediated enhanced ABC-transport (like in Caco-2 cells) may be a new strategy to ameliorate inflammatory diseases associated with decreased ABC-transporter expression such as ulcerative colitis.
Attention and Emotion: A Clinical PerspectiveAdrian Wells and Gerald Matthews. Hove, Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994. pp. 402. £15.95 (pb). ISBN: 0-86377-340-0. (1997)

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Electrochemical production of Palladium and its use as indicator electrode (1995)

Abstract The electrodeposition of palladium from electrolytes containing palladium chloride along with potassium‐dihydrogen phosphate, sodium fluoride or oxalic acid was studied under a variety of condition. The conditions used were: 1.0 M palladium chloride, 0.15 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 1.5 at 298 K and current density 0.85 mA cm −2 / The current efficiency was calculated and the crystal structure confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Spectrophotomteric and chemical analysis reveals that the purity of the metal is better than 99%. Palladium electrode can function satisfactorily as indicator electrode for hydrogen ions in acid‐base titrations. Titration of acids with sodium hydroxide and of salts of weak acids with hydrochloric acid showed that palladium can indicate very accurately the end point. The end point coincide to great extent with the visual values with an error not more than ± 2%.
90-Day Risk of Bloodstream Infections with Enteric Pathogens (BSI-EP) in Patients with Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GI-GVHD) (2018)

Background: Acute GVHD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT). GI-GVHD may increase the risk of BSI-EP due to loss of intestinal mucosal integrity. However, the timing and magnitude of this risk has not been characterized in adult allo-HCT recipients. Methods: We evaluated the 90-day risk of BSI-EP in patients with GVHD in a retrospective cohort study of 491 consecutive, adult, allo-HCT recipients between January 2010 and December 2011 at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. We compared the risk of BSI-EP between patients with GI-GVHD and patients with grade II-IV GVHD without GI involvement (Glucksberg score). Only the first BSI-EP per patient was included. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed. The relationship between the severity of GI-GVHD and the likelihood of developing BSI-EP was evaluated using Fisher's Exact Test. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results: Of the 153 (31.2%) patients who developed grade II-IV acute GVHD, 104 (68.0%) patients had GI manifestations, and 49 (32.0%) patients developed cutaneous or hepatic manifestations without GI involvement. Among the 153 patients with grade II-IV acute GVHD, there were 17 episodes of BSI-EP occurring at a median of 37 days (range 1-84) from the diagnosis of GVHD. Enterococcus (6, 35.3%), Pseudomonas (3, 17.6%), Klebsiella (2, 11.8%) and Enterobacter (2, 11.8%) were the most common pathogens isolated. The 90-day incidence of BSI-EP in patients with GI-GVHD increased with stage severity (P < .0001) (Table 1). The IRR of developing BSI-EP was significantly increased among those with stage 4 GI-GVHD versus patients with stages 1-3 GI-GVHD (IRR 16.13; 95% CI 4.44, 58.61; P < .0001). The IRR of BSI-EP was also increased in those with stage 4 GI-GVHD compared with patients with grade II-IV GVHD without GI involvement (IRR 6.76; 95%CI 2.12, 21.5; P = .0007).Table 1BSI-EP Among Patients With Grade II-IV Acute GVHDGVHD typeSeverityN of patientsCases of BSI-EP within 90 days of diagnosisIncidence rate per 1000 patient GVHD-daysGI424107.563712.142221.581521.24Liver or skinAll5041.12 Open table in a new tab Discussion: These results suggest that adults with severe GI-GVHD are at increased risk for BSI-EP within 90 days of GVHD diagnosis. These data support the consideration for enteric pathogen antibiotic prophylaxis for 90 days following the diagnosis of stage 4 GI-GVHD.
Bone turnover in rats treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1993)

Female rats were given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), 0.25 microgram per 100 g body weight (bw), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 1.7 micrograms/100 g bw or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) 1.7 micrograms/100 g bw, subcutaneously three times a week for 12 weeks. Traditional variables pertaining to calcium homeostasis and growth, i.e. blood and urine calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P), serum levels of vitamin D3 metabolites parathyroid hormone, (PTH), calcitonin (CT), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) were measured every four weeks. This data pool was correlated with bone matrix turnover parameters, i.e. serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary hydroxyproline (u-HYP) excretion. After 12 weeks of treatment, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly enhanced serum total and ionized Ca, urine Ca and urine P, and also diminished urine cAMP due to reduced renal function (creatinine clearance). However, 25(OH)D3 administration had no such impact. 24,25(OH)2D3 opposed the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 after 12 weeks by significantly augmenting serum P and diminishing serum levels of total Ca and ionized Ca. Cross sectional group analyses showed that circulating levels of ALP were directly related with serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and inversely related to serum 24,25(OH)2D3 and CT. Total u-HYP and per cent non-dialysable HYP (ndHYP) were reciprocally and positively correlated with serum PRL, respectively. However, no such relations were observed with serum GH. It appears that rats with elevated circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 exhibit increased bone resorption, while augmented 24,25(OH)2D3 is associated with the opposite. Apparently, high bone turnover (i.e. reduced total urinary HYP and enhanced ndHYP) is associated with high serum PRL.
113 On-machine Profile Measuring System with Laser-Probe (2003)

Ultraprecision optical components require ultrafine smooth surface quality of sub-nanometer or sub-angstrom in Ra. To achieve these requirements, ultraprecision on-machine measuring system is very important, by which the profile measurement and evaluation is conducted on the machine, the form accuracy is improved by the compensating machining when the form accuracy is not enough. So, in this paper, ultraprecision on-machine measuring system with laser-probe was developed for measurement with high-accuracy and high-efficiency. The resolution of the auto focus unit is 1nm, the measuring range is 10mm and the repeatability is 5.6nm. The possibility of the on-machine surface roughness and form measurement with laser-probe was confirmed.
Supplementary Table 4 from Exploration of Tumor-Suppressive MicroRNAs Silenced by DNA Hypermethylation in Oral Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Exploration of Tumor-Suppressive MicroRNAs Silenced by DNA Hypermethylation in Oral Cancer
Infectious Complications after Esophagectomy (2012)

The infections in our patient set were of endogenous origin. In cases of pneumonia, it is appropriate to begin with antibiotics effective against enteric bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Operative and Survival Outcomes with Selective Neo-adjuvant Radiotherapy and Conventional Abdomino-Perineal Resection (2014)

Aims: Low rectal cancer treated with abdomino-perineal resection (APR) compared with anterior resection has been shown to have higher rates of local recurrence (LR). It is thought that changes in surgical technique can improve outcomes and increasingly radical operations for tumours not amenable to restoration of bowel continuity are now being practiced. We investigated factors influencing recurrence in patients undergoing APR in our institution. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent APR for rectal adenocarcinoma between August 2000 and August 2005 in a large single centre were retrospectively analysed, with a minimum follow up of 60 months. Results: 68 patients underwent APR, mean age was 65 years. Pre-operative radiotherapy was given in 29 (43%) patients. There was 2.9% in-hospital mortality (n=2). 20.6% (n=14) had a circumferential resection margin (CRM) ?1mm. There were 4 intra-operative rectal perforations (5.9%). Overall there was a 7.3% LR rate (n=5). There was 1.9% LR amongst the CRM -ve group (1/54) and 28.6% LR amongst the CRM +ve group (4/14). Conclusions: Our historical results for operative outcomes using conventional APR do not replicate the very high rates of incomplete resection and intra-operative tumour perforation that have been described in some reports. Our series demonstrates a link between circumferential resection margin positivity and local recurrence particularly in advanced tumours. Radiotherapy may not prevent local recurrence in those who have sub-optimal surgery.
A Potential Contribution to Ethanol Withdrawal Kindling: Reduced GABA Function in the Inferior Collicular Cortex (1993)

Because multiple withdrawals from chronic ethanol treatment facilitate the rate of kindling from the inferior collicular cortex, the following studies sought to identify potential sources of this long-term change in seizure sensitivity. When rats received 6 or 10 withdrawals from a 5-day ethanol liquid diet, a significant decrease was found in the threshold frequency for seizure genesis, 6-7 days post-withdrawal. The magnitude of this change was related to the number of withdrawals (6 withdrawals, -2.0 +/- 0.3 Hz; 10 withdrawals, -3.2 +/- 1.2 Hz). Thus, multiple ethanol withdrawals increased seizure sensitivity within the inferior collicular cortex. On the following day in the same animals, changes in inhibitory or excitatory function were evaluated within the inferior collicular cortex. We found a withdrawal-related increase in the effectiveness of bicuculline to reduce the seizure threshold current within the inferior collicular cortex. Seizure sensitivity to collicular N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) microinjection was decreased after 6 ethanol withdrawals, and increased after 10 withdrawals, but control liquid diet animals exhibited similar responses to collicular NMDA microinjection. Therefore, multiple withdrawals from ethanol alters the seizure sensitivity within the inferior collicular cortex. One possible contribution to this change is a local decrease in GABA inhibitory function.
Modeling of acoustic resonators and resonator arrays with non-ideal geometries (2015)

Acoustic resonators offer stable, cost-effective attenuation for many noise control applications. Due to their widespread use in engineering and physics, analytical expressions with varying degrees of accuracy have been obtained to predict performance. However, most of the existing formulations are limited to ideal geometries with sharp transitions between two regions. Practical applications of these acoustic resonators often involve space limitations that necessitate curved segments and gradual transitions. This research aims to better characterize the response of non-ideal geometry acoustic resonators. Using currently available expressions for duct bends, the acoustic impedance of bends with various angles and lengths is determined, in an effort to develop relatively simple models for incorporating such elements in a resonator. Other non-ideal geometries as they relate to Helmholtz resonators and arrays of resonators are also explored. These calculations are compared to experimental impedance measurements for validation of the model.
Stenting of coronary arteries. Are we the sorcerer's apprentice? (1989)

Journal Article Stenting of coronary arteries. Are we the sorcerer's apprentice? Get access P. W. SERRUYS, P. W. SERRUYS Thoraxcenter, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, The Netherlands Address for correspondence: Patrick W. Serruys, Catheterisation Laboratory, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdan, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. J. BEATT, K. J. BEATT Thoraxcenter, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. J. VAN DER GIESSEN W. J. VAN DER GIESSEN Thoraxcenter, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 10, Issue 9, September 1989, Pages 774–782, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059570 Published: 01 September 1989 Article history Received: 13 June 1989 Accepted: 21 June 1989 Published: 01 September 1989
Investigation of photoplethysmography and Near Infrared Spectroscopy for the assessment of tissue blood perfusion (2014)

Pulse Oximetry (PO) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) are among the most widely adopted optical techniques for the assessment of tissue perfusion. PO estimates arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) by exploiting light attenuations due to pulsatile arterial blood (AC) and constant absorbers (DC) at two different wavelengths. NIRS processes the attenuations of at least two wavelengths to calculate concentrations of Deoxygenated ([HHb]), Oxygenated ([HbO2]), Total Haemoglobin ([tHb]) and Tissue Oxygenation Index (TOI). In this work we present the development and evaluation of a reflectance PPG probe and processing system for the assessment of tissue perfusion. The system adopts both Pulse Oximetry and NIRS principles to calculate SpO2, [HHb], and [HbO2] and [tHb]. The system has been evaluated on the forearm of 10 healthy volunteers during cuff-induced vascular occlusions. The presented system was able to estimate SpO2, [HHb], [HbO2] and [tHb], showing good agreement with state-of-the-art NIRS and conventional PO.
Notes- 1-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- 1-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.N Nelson, K Gelotte, Y Tamura, H Sinclair, J Schuck, V Bauer, and R WhiteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2599–2601Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online5 March 2003Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a645https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a645research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physisorption and Desorption of Diethyl Phthalate and Isopropanol on a Silicon Surface (2007)

Physisorption and desorption of organic compounds on a silicon surface in a two-component system consisting of isopropanol (IPA) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were measured in situ by means of a quartz crystal microbalance and were analyzed based on the rate theory. The surface concentration in a steady state changed corresponding to the gas-phase concentrations of IPA and DEP. The measured surface concentration in a steady state was reproduced by calculation taking into account the larger limit of surface concentration which depended on the rate parameters of the organic compounds. The area occupied by the organic molecules, estimated in this study, indicated that the interaction between DEP molecules and IPA molecules on silicon surface was quite small in a two-component IPA-DEP system.
Slow Feedback Inhibition of Calcium Release-activated Calcium Current by Calcium Entry (1998)

In many nonexcitable cells, depletion of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive store activates Ca 2 influx, a process termed store-operated Ca 2 entry. In rat basophilic leukemia cells, emptying of the stores activates a highly selective Ca 2 release-activated Ca 2 current (CRAC), I CRAC . We have recently found that I CRAC activates in an essentially all-or-none manner when the current is evoked by receptor stimulation, dialysis with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate via the patch pipette, or through the Ca 2 ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (Parekh, A. B., Fleig, A., and Penner, R. (1997) Cell 89, 973-980). Regulatory mechanisms must therefore operate to control the overall amount of Ca 2 that enters through CRAC channels. Such mechanisms include membrane potential and protein kinase C. In the present study, we have investigated additional inhibitory pathways that serve to determine just how much Ca 2 can enter through I CRAC . We have directly measured the current using the whole cell patch clamp technique. We report the presence of a slow Ca 2 -dependent inactivation mechanism that curtails Ca 2 entry through CRAC channels. This inactivation mechanism is switched on by Ca 2 entering through CRAC channels, and therefore constitutes a slow negative feedback process. Although it requires a rise in intracellular Ca 2 for activation, it maintains CRAC channels inactive even under conditions that lower intracellular Ca 2 levels. The inactivation mechanism does not involve store refilling, protein phosphorylation, G proteins, nor Ca 2 -dependent enzymes. It accounts for up to 70% of the total inactivation of I CRAC , and therefore appears to be a dominant inhibitory mechanism. It is likely to be an important factor that shapes the profile of the Ca 2 signal in these nonexcitable cells.
Bis(hydroxyphenyloxazolinato)-titanium(IV) and -zirconium(IV) triflates as novel transition metal-based Lewis acids (1995)

The preparation of novel titanium, 3, and zirconium, 4, organometallic Lewis acids by treatment of the readily available [M(L)2(C1)2] complexes (M = Ti, Zr; L = hydroxyphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole) with AgOSO2CF3 are described. The new homogeneous organometallic Lewis acids, prepared in situ, are active in promoting aldol reactions, additions to imines and catalytic allylations. In addition, some examples of the use of 3 and 4 in other reactions (i.e. Mukaiyama–Michael reaction, addition of Me3SiCN, Diels–Alder, and hetero Diels–Alder reaction) are presented. Some mechanistic studies on the aldol reaction and on the catalytic allylation have been performed in order to show some of the characteristics of the present Lewis acid system.