gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from industry funded trials are reliable enough to be published (2014)

The question whether medical journals should stop publishing drug industry sponsored research is absurd.1 During the past decade the need for transparency and disclosure of all clinical trial data has been universally recognised. However, more than half of all drug trials are sponsored by drug companies. How can the industry be transparent about its trials if journals refuse to …
A review of state procurement and contracting (2003)

Are states effectively managing contracting and procurement activities? Are they striking the right balance between central administrative control and empowerment through delegation? How effective is training and monitoring? How do these practices compare to the principles of best practice? What role will information technology play in the future for procurement and contracting? As part of the Government Performance Project, budget, procurement, and contracting managers in 48 states were surveyed, providing descriptions of their procurement and contracting practices. There are numerous developments that speak to the practical details of contemporary public management. Five key findings are (1) information technology needs are challenging states, with some responding well, but others struggling, (2) in most states staff training needs to be improved, (3) restrictions prohibiting “best value” purchasing need to be removed, (4) states can learn from and improve practices by partnering with other governments and private organizations, and (5) most states use a hybrid of both centralized and decentralized management structures when it comes to contracting and procurement.
A High Yield Rate MEMS Gyroscope with a Packaged SiOG Process (2005)

MEMS devices such as a vibratory gyroscope often suffer from a lower yield rate due to fabrication errors and the external stress. In the decoupled vibratory gyroscope, the main factor that determines the yield rate is the frequency difference between the sensing and driving modes. The gyroscope, fabricated with SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) wafer and packaged using the anodic bonding, has a large wafer bowing caused by thermal expansion mismatch as well as non-uniform surfaces of the structures caused by the notching effect. These effects result in large distribution in the frequency difference, and thereby a lower yield rate. To improve the yield rate we propose a packaged SiOG (Silicon On Glass) technology. It uses a silicon wafer and two glass wafers to minimize the wafer bowing and a metallic membrane to avoid the notching. In the packaged SiOG gyroscope, the notching effect is eliminated and the warpage of the wafer is greatly reduced. Consequently the frequency difference is more uniformly distributed and its variation is greatly improved. Therefore we can achieve a more robust vibratory MEMS gyroscope with a higher yield rate.
Respiratory Compensated Robot for Liver Cancer Treatment: Design, Fabrication, and Benchtop Characterization (2021)

Hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective method for treating tumors less than 5 cm. However, manually placing the RFA needle at the site of the tumor is challenging due to the complicated respiratory induced motion of the liver. This article presents the design, fabrication, and benchtop characterization of a patient mounted, respiratory compensated robotic needle insertion platform to perform percutaneous needle interventions. The robotic platform consists of a four degrees of freedom (DoF) dual-stage Cartesian platform used to control the pose of a one-DoF needle insertion module. The active needle insertion module consists of a 3-D printed flexible fluidic actuator capable of providing a steplike, grasp&#x2013;insert&#x2013;release actuation that mimics the manual insertion procedure. Force characterization of the needle insertion module indicates that the device is capable of producing 22.6 &#x00B1; 0.40 N before the needle slips between the grippers. Static phantom targeting experiments indicate a positional error of 1.14 &#x00B1; 0.30 mm and orientational error of 0.99&#x00B0; &#x00B1; 0.36&#x00B0;. Static <i>ex vivo</i> porcine liver targeting experiments indicate a positional error of 1.22 &#x00B1; 0.31 mm and orientational error of 1.16&#x00B0; &#x00B1; 0.44&#x00B0;. Dynamic targeting experiments with the proposed active motion compensation in dynamic phantom and <i>ex vivo</i> porcine liver show 66.3&#x0025; and 69.6&#x0025; positional accuracy improvement, respectively. Future work will continue to develop this platform with the long-term goal of applying the system to RFA for HCC.
Photoinduced carbon dioxide fixation forming malic and isocitric acid (1986)

I. Willner, D. Mandler and A. Riklin, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1022 DOI: 10.1039/C39860001022
N,N′-Bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)thiourea (2003)

The title compound, C11H20O4N2S, has a planar skeleton and its crystal structure is stabilized by extensive intermolecular (N—H⋯S) and intramolecular (N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O) hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of 2-Substituted 1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones (2000)

2-(1-Hydroxyiminoalkyl)-1,4-dimethoxy-9,10-anthraquinones were demethylated to produce 2-(1-hydroxyiminoalkyl)-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones (1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, DHAQ), oxime hydroxyl groups were in turn acylated to give the corresponding 2-(1-acyloxyiminoalkyl)-DHAQ derivatives. The anti-proliferative activity of 2-(1-hydroxyiminoalkyl)-DHAQ derivatives was found to be dependent on the size of an alkyl chain. Thus, DHAQ analogues with alkyl chains longer than heptyl had negligible anti-proliferative activity, whilst those compounds possessing shorter chains demonstrated moderate anti-proliferative activity (ED50, 2.73-19.21 microM). However, the antitumor activity as expressed by T/C values did not correlate with the anti-proliferative activity; 2-(1-hydroxyiminononyl)-DHAQ with an ED50 value of more than 20 microM exhibited potent antitumor activity (T/C, 166%). Only four of the 2-(1-hydroxyiminoalkyl)-DHAQ analogues showed good antitumor activity (T/C, > 150%); 2-(1-hydroxyiminobutyl)-DHAQ (T/C, 163%), 2-(1-hydroxyiminopentyl)-DHAQ (T/C, 180%) and 2-(1-hydroxyiminononyl)-DHAQ (T/C, 166%). Acylation of the hydroxyl group of these oximes enhanced the anti-proliferative activity and antitumor effects; 2-(1-propanoyloxyiminopropyl)-DHAQ (ED50, 4.41 microM; T/C, 221%) vs. 2-(1-hydroxyiminopropyl)-DHAQ (ED50, 14.64 microM; T/C, 100%) and 2-(1-propanoyloxyiminobutyl)-DHAQ (ED50, 2.65 microM; T/C, 202%) vs. 2-(1-hydroxyiminobutyl)-DHAQ (ED50, 16.43 microM; T/C, 163%).
DNase γ Is the Effector Endonuclease for Internucleosomal DNA Fragmentation in Necrosis (2013)

Apoptosis and necrosis, two major forms of cell death, can be distinguished morphologically and biochemically. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) is a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, and caspase-activated DNase (CAD), also known as DNA fragmentation factor 40 kDa (DFF40), is one of the major effector endonucleases. DNase γ, a Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-dependent endonuclease, is also known to generate INDF but its role among other apoptosis-associated endonucleases in cell death is unclear. Here we show that (i) INDF occurs even during necrosis in cell lines, primary cells, and in tissues of mice in vivo, and (ii) DNase γ, but not CAD, is the effector endonuclease for INDF in cells undergoing necrosis. These results document a previously unappreciated role for INDF in necrosis and define its molecular basis.
DNA CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS OF DR52 ASSOCIATED HLA-DR ANTIGENS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION: A SIMPLE, ECONOMICAL AND RAPID EXAMINATION FOR HLA MATCHING IN TRANSPLANTATION (1993)

HLA-DRB1 and -DRB3 alleles of DR52-associated (DR52ass) HLA-DR antigens were genotyped by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - based simple and practical method. Genomic DNAs from two hundred Japanese panels were subjected to PCR with two pairs of primers to separately amplify the DR52ass-DRB1 (DR3, 5, 6, and 8) alleles and DRB3 (DR52) alleles. The specific amplification revealed that 128 and 76 panels possessed DR52ass alleles and DRB3 alleles, respectively. PCR products from these panels were heat-denatured, electrophoresed in a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel, and visualized by silver staining. Electrophoretic mobilities of the DNA samples were compared with those of the typing standards with known genotypes of DR52ass-DRB1 and DRB3 alleles. This method, designated PCR-DNA conformation polymorphism (DCP) analysis, allowed genotyping of the DR52ass-DRB1 and DRB3 alleles of panels without any sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) or restriction endonuclease, and the entire process after PCR could be completed within a few hours. Because the DR52ass-DRB1 and DRB3 alleles assigned by this method were shown to be identical to those determined by the PCR-SSOP method, PCR-DCP analysis was suggested to be a simple and practical HLA genotyping method.
Cardiac stroke volume predicts progressive central hypovolemia by three different non‐invasive methods (2013)

Background Cardiac stroke volume (SV) has been proposed as a clinical tool to predict the magnitude of acute hemorrhage. Multiple non‐invasive measurement methods of SV exist, without a standard method. We aimed to investigate the development of SV during simulated hemorrhage, and examine differences between three non‐invasive methods of SV measurements. Methods 10 healthy subjects underwent experimental central hypovolemia through lower body negative pressure (LBNP) until −60 mmHg or onset of presyncope (7/10 subjects). SV beat‐to‐beat was calculated by Ultrasound Doppler (SV_usd, SD 100), finger arterial blood pressure curve (SV_bpc, Finometer) and cardiothoracic impedance (SV_imp, Task Force). The non‐parametric median and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from epochs of 60 or 120 seconds for SV in 5 different LBNP levels. Results Baseline absolute values for the three methods were different: SV_usd 78 ml (95% CI: 68,93), SV_bpc 88 ml (77,99), SV_imp 103 ml (89,151). SV_usd decreased with 45% (52%, 37%), SV_bpc decreased with 39% (45%, 27%), while SV_imp decreased with 33% (48%, 21%). Differences between methods were not significant. Conclusion SV clearly reflects the development of a simulated hemorrhage. The three methods for non‐invasive SV measurements provide different absolute values of SV during LBNP, but they decrease in a comparable way. Financial support: University of Oslo.
Digital strategies for structured and architected materials design (2021)

Designing materials with tailored structural or functional properties is a fundamental goal of materials science and engineering. A vast research activity is currently devoted to achieving metamaterials with superior properties and optimized functionalities by carefully fine tuning both the microstructure and geometry of the material. Here, we discuss the impact of digital technologies in this research field by providing fast and cost effective tools to explore a large array of possibilities for materials and metamaterials. We report on recent progress obtained by combining numerical simulations, optimization techniques, artificial intelligence, and additive manufacturing methods and highlight promising research lines. The exploration of the space of possible material microstructures and geometries is reminiscent of the process of biological evolution in which traits are explored and selected according to their fitness. Biomimetic materials have long profited from adapting features of biological systems to the design of new materials and structures. Combining biomimetic approaches with digital simulation and optimization and with high throughput fabrication and characterization techniques may provide a step change in the evolutionary development of new materials.
Implementation of a real-time, frequency selective, RF channel simulator using a hybrid DSP-FPGA architecture (2002)

A low cost, frequency selective, RF channel simulator architecture is explored. The system is implemented almost entirely in the digital domain by use of IF sampling with the signal processing performed in a high-end floating point DSP and an FPGA. The prototype system costs less than $3900 and is capable of simulating three delay taps. It is believed that a system capable of simulating 12 delay taps with a bandwidth of 5 MHz could be built at a cost less than $2000, at least an order of magnitude cheaper than commercially available channel simulators of comparable performance.
Electromagnetic behaviour of bulk textured YBaCuO (1992)

Electrical and magnetic results obtained on bulk YBaCuO samples manufactured by the melt textured growth process are reported. These studies are important for understanding the limitation mechanisms of transport current. Transport critical current densities in excess of 2.5*10/sup 8/ A/m/sup 2/ have been measured in a field of 2 T at 77 K in oriented YBaCuO. The critical state concept for the calculation of internal flux profiles is used to model the magnetization behavior of textured materials. Magnetization measurements are compared with theoretical curves for different orientations of the magnetic field with respect to crystallographic axes. This study makes it possible to determine inductive critical current densities which are strongly influenced by the current path geometry. The results are compared to transport J/sub ct/ values. Self-field loss values are also presented. >
The role of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase in ovariectomy-induced obesity in rats (2010)

Increased hypothalamic pAMPKα expression may contribute to hyperphagia during the development of Ovx-induced obesity in rats.
Anti-α4 integrin monoclonal antibody inhibits multiple myeloma growth in a murine model (2005)

Abstract In a syngeneic murine model of multiple myeloma with many of the characteristics of the human disease, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), given after the myeloma has already homed to and begun to establish itself within the bone marrow compartment, produces statistically significant effects on multiple disease variables. These include reductions in circulating levels of IgG2b; percentage of IgG2b-positive myeloma cells circulating in blood; spleen weight; and myeloma cell burden in spleen, bone marrow, and liver. mAb therapy had no effect on nonmalignant hematopoietic cells. An acute 6-day regimen of mAb treatment, initiated very late in disease to avoid mAb elimination in the immunocompetent animals, still significantly reduced spleen and blood myeloma cell burden. The ability of the (VLA-4) mAb to affect multiple variables in this model, even as monotherapy, suggests this pathway plays a central role in disease progression.
Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Non-Saturated DCF (2006)

In the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer protocol, the basic access method is the Distributed Coordination Function which is based on the CSMA/CA. In this paper, we investigate the performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF in the non-saturation condition. We assume that there is a fixed number n of competing stations and packet arrival process to a station is a poisson process. We model IEEE 802.11 DCF in non-saturation mode by 3-dimensional Markov chain and derive the stationary distribution of the Markov chain by applying matrix analytic method. We obtain the probability generating function of packet service time and access delay, and throughput.
Prehospital Emergency Ultrasound: A Review of Current Clinical Applications, Challenges, and Future Implications (2013)

Imaging modalities in the prehospital setting are helpful in the evaluation and management of time-sensitive emergency conditions. Ultrasound is the main modality that has been applied by emergency medical services (EMS) providers in the field. This paper examines the clinical applications of ultrasound in the prehospital setting. Specific focus is on applications that provide essential information to guide triage and management of critical patients. Challenges of this modality are also described in terms of cost impact on EMS agencies, provider training, and skill maintenance in addition to challenges related to the technical aspect of ultrasound.
Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multi-Way Relay Networks with Massive MIMO (2015)

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer for multi-way relay networks with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is investigated. By using two practically viable relay receiver designs, namely (i) the power splitting receiver and (ii) the time switching receiver, asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expressions are derived for an unlimited number of antennas at the relay. These asymptotic SINRs are then used to derive asymptotic symmetric sum rate expressions in closed-form. Notably, these asymptotic SINRs and sum rates become independent of radio frequency-to-direct current (RF-to-DC) conversion efficiency in the limit of infinitely many relay antennas. Moreover, the fundamental trade-off between the harvested energy and the achievable sum rate is quantified for both relay receiver structures. This analysis reveals that the transmit power of each user node can be scaled down inversely proportional to the number of relay antennas, and the corresponding asymptotic SINR and sum rate expressions become independent of the fast fading effects of the wireless channels. The presence of co-channel interference (CCI) can be exploited to be beneficial for energy harvesting at the relay, and consequently, the asymptotic harvested energy is an increasing function of the number of co-channel interferers. Nevertheless, the detrimental impact of CCI for signal decoding can be cancelled completely whenever the number of relay antennas grows without bound.
New Phenylethanoid Glycosides and Sugar Esters from Ku‐Ding‐Cha, a Herbal Tea Produced from Ligustrum purpurascens (2008)

Ku-Ding-Cha is a kind of herbal tea used commonly in China for its effects on hypertension, fatness, inflammation, and diuresis. The chlorophyll removal fraction from 60% aqueous acetone extract of Ku-Ding-Cha produced from the leaves of Ligustrum purpurascens (Oleaceae) exhibited observable antioxidant activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay (SC50 = 45 microg/mL). Further detailed phytochemical investigation on this fraction led to the isolation of 2 new phenylethanoid glycosides, ligupurpurosides C-D (1 and 2), and 2 new sugar esters, ligupurpurosides E-F (3 and 4), together with 15 known compounds (5 to 19). All of them, except for 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12, were isolated from Ku-Ding-Cha and its original plants for the first time. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D, 2D NMR, and FABMS. In addition, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by DPPH assay.
Clinical Significance of Wt1 mRNA Levels in Japanese Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients (2017)

This study enrolled 49 patients with de novo childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 19 adult patients with ALL. WT1 mRNA showed high positive expression rates of 90% or more in ALL patients, and fusion gene transcripts were detected in 22.4% of childhood ALL cases prior to treatment. During follow-up at 4-6 months, WT1 mRNA levels in childhood ALL cases were observed to be lower in patients undergoing hematological remission after treatment when compared to the initial stages. We also assessed hematological remission via ROC analysis. The upper cut-off values were calculated to be 220 and 1,820 copies/μg RNA in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples, respectively. Since 50 copies/μg RNA was determined to be both, the limit of detection (LOD) and minimal residual disease (MRD) threshold, WT1 mRNA regions below the upper cut-off values indicated remission depth. The detection of high WT1 mRNA levels, even in patients without fusion gene transcripts, reflected the treatment effects and remission depth, demonstrating its capacity to be a useful MRD monitoring marker in ALL.
Imidazolylsulfonates: Electrophilic Partners in Cross-Coupling Reactions (2009)

Aryl imidazolylsulfonates participate as electrophilic coupling partners in palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. The aryl imidazolylsulfonates display good stability while maintaining good reactivity in a variety of palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Imidazolylsulfonates are a practical and economic alternative to triflates.
VR&amp;amp;AR Combined Manual Operation Instruction System on Industry Products: A Case Study (2014)

Currently, manual operations done by human forces are widely performed and repeated on various industrial products during manufacturing process. In recent years, AR technology has been researched as an intuitive and efficient way to assist manual operations including assembly, disassembly and maintenance. This paper presented a VR&AR combined manual operation instruction system (VAMOIS) to assist technicians take manual operation instructions under mixed reality scene, both work site and virtual instruction contents are displayed synchronously and in real-time. The system developed virtual hands tutor in VR based instruction planning subsystem to guide the trainee move parts and use tools in correct pose. Dynamic position registration and natural occlusion method are proposed to improve the visual effect of the AR instruction system. Experimental results show that our system improves manual operation efficiency with better user experience compared with traditional training methods.
Vibrotactile evaluation: Osseointegrated versus socket-suspended transfemoral prostheses (2013)

This study investigated detection thresholds of vibrometric stimuli in patients with transfemoral amputation supplied with osseointegrated (OI) and socket-suspended prostheses. It included 17 patients tested preoperatively with socket-suspended prostheses and after 2 yr with OI prostheses and a control group (n = 17) using socket-suspended prostheses, evaluated once. Assessments on the prosthetic and intact feet were conducted at six frequencies (8, 16, 32, 64, 125, and 250 Hz). Furthermore, measurements were conducted to investigate how vibrometric signals are transmitted through a test prosthesis. The results showed that the OI group had improved ability to detect vibrations through the prosthesis at 125 Hz (p = 0.01) at follow-up compared with the preoperative measurement. Compared with the control group, the OI group at follow-up had better ability to detect high frequency vibrations through the prosthesis (125 Hz, p = 0.02; 250 Hz, p = 0.03). The vibrometric signal transmitted through the test prosthesis was reduced at 8, 125, and 250 Hz but was amplified at 16, 32, and 64 Hz. Differences between the OI and the control groups were found in the highest frequencies in which the test prosthesis showed reduction of the vibrometric signal. The study provides insight into the mechanisms of vibration transmission between the exterior and bone-anchored as well as socket-suspended amputation prostheses.