gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Fuel-N Release Characteristics During the Combustion of High Pulverized Coal Concentration (2011)

The high pulverized coal concentration combustion was a new clean combustion technology with high efficiency and low pollution emission.The experiments of fuel-N release characteristics under the different coal species and particles diameter as well as furnace temperature were carried out in the one-dimensional drop-tube furnace and the fixed bed reactor,the experimental results show that the release characteristics of fuel-N is very different under the different coal species.The higher the volatile content in the coal is,the lower the pulverized coal concentration for the highest release rate of fuel-N is,and the smaller pulverized coal particles diameter is very helpful for the release of fuel-N under the different pulverized coal concentration.Moreover,the fuel-N is easy to release from the coal under the high furnace temperature,and the fuel-N is mostly released by the volatile-N from the coal.With the increase of the pulverized coal concentration,both the NOx conversion rate and the burnout rate of pulverized coal particles take on the trend of linear decrease,and it is very favorable for the decrease of NOx emission under the high pulverized coal concentration,but it is adverse for the burnout of pulverized coal particles under too high pulverized coal concentration.It is very important for the full blend of pulverized coal particles and air as well as the optimal selection of excess air ratio during the high pulverized coal concentration combustion.
Structure–activity relationships on the odor detectability of homologous carboxylic acids by humans (2010)

We measured concentration detection functions for the odor detectability of the homologs: formic, acetic, butyric, hexanoic, and octanoic acids. Subjects (14 ≤ n ≤ 18) comprised young (19-37 years), healthy, nonsmoker, and normosmic participants from both genders. Vapors were delivered by air dilution olfactometry, using a three-alternative forced-choice procedure against carbon-filtered air, and an ascending concentration approach. Delivered concentrations were established by gas chromatography (flame ionization detector) in parallel with testing. Group and individual olfactory functions were modeled by a sigmoid (logistic) equation from which two parameters are calculated: C, the odor detection threshold (ODT) and D, the steepness of the function. Thresholds declined with carbon chain length along formic, acetic, and butyric acid where they reached a minimum (ODTs = 514, 5.2, and 0.26 ppb by volume, respectively). Then, they increased for hexanoic (1.0 ppb) and octanoic (0.86 ppb) acid. Odor thresholds and interindividual differences in olfactory acuity among these young, normosmic participants were lower than traditionally thought and reported. No significant effects of gender on odor detectability were observed. The finding of an optimum molecular size for odor potency along homologs confirms a prediction made by a model of ODTs based on a solvation equation. We discuss the mechanistic implications of this model for the process of olfactory detection.
Le greffage des légumes : l’intérêt et la pratique (2015)

National audience
Web Service for Tele-Communication (2006)

In this paper, we introduce WNET/WSIP, a web service enabled converged communication infrastructure that is integrated with VoIP SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). WNET/WSIP consists of a network of WSIP node and it is based on two-way, full duplex web service interaction. WSIP is a new class of IP communication endpoints. Each WSIP node is both a SIP endpoint that communicates in the SIP world through SIP signaling, and a web service SOAP node that provides an application protocol layer alternative to SIP and a generic service integration environment for binding SIP based communication in web services. From service perspective, WNET/WSIP is an application layer protocol overlay for resilient and versatile communication services over IP. It allows dynamic service discovery and binding that integrate SIP services as a SOA component in business transactions. It separates service integration/extension environment from SIP signaling. The ubiquitous service integration nature of web service provides a disciplined solution to monitor the WNET/WSIP network. It supports dynamic service monitoring, provisioning, endpoint discovery and update, etc. In particular, we introduce the approach of using WSSecurity [12] to provide end-to-end message level security over IP in WNET/WSIP. These new capabilities are essential to the success of reliable communication services. The proposed approach was implemented in a prototype research system. Advantages of WNET/WSIP were realized and observed.
Soluble Polymer-Supported Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the C21−C27 Fragment of the Bryostatins (2000)

A chemoenzymatic synthesis of the C(21)-C(27) fragment of the marine macrolide family of bryostatin antibiotics is presented. The approach commences from achiral starting materials and has as its crucial step the enzymatic resolution of a racemic mixture of soluble polymer-supported alcohols (syn-10 and syn-11). The immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) catalyzes the enantioselective acetylation of syn-10 (in 40% conversion and >99% ee), allowing isolation of the key intermediate (R)-14 in enantiomerically pure form following its cleavage from the poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) scaffold. The PEG matrix is both compatible with the multipolymer enzymatic transformation and allows for rapid purification and facile NMR characterization of all intermediates throughout the synthesis.
Expression of the c-Met Proteins in Malignant Skin Cancers (2011)

In our study, c-Met is involved in malignant skin cancer development and the level of its expression is thought to be related to the degree of malignancy in melanoma cancers.
Electrical Characteristics of Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 –Li 0.45 La 0.52 □ 0.03 TiO 3 System (2011)

In the present study, the dielectric, ferroelectric, and voltage‐tunable characteristics of the Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 –Li 0.45 La 0.52 □ 0.03 TiO 3 homogeneity range were investigated, together with the associated microstructural properties. The results revealed the polarization characteristics of the investigated samples, which enabled us to propose their possible structure at the microscopic and nanoscopic levels. With increases in the Li 0.45 La 0.52 □ 0.03 TiO 3 concentration, the Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 , which is macroscopically ferroelectric, first changes to a morphotropic composition with ferroelectric regions distributed within the nonpolar matrix. A further increase in the Li 0.45 La 0.52 □ 0.03 TiO 3 concentration reduces the size and the fraction of the polar regions, while at a certain concentration the sample becomes paraelectric. The applicability of the investigated samples for voltage‐tunable and other devices is also discussed.
Recovering colors in an image with chromatic illuminant (1998)

Colors in a scene change under different illuminants. By adopting models that are used to describe human color constancy, the maximum-spectral-value method is proposed to estimate the illuminant from the maximum distribution of reflected lights in an image. From the experimental results, the proposed method recovers colors well with different illuminants.
A hydrodynamic model for chemo-mechanics of poroelastic materials (2023)

Chemical dissolution along interfaces between solid skeleton and pore fluids tends to alter geomaterials and may cause catastrophic failures. Following the hydrodynamic procedure, this work develops a mathematically rigorous and thermodynamically consistent modelling framework to investigate the impact of chemo-mechanical coupling on the constitutive properties of poroelastic geomaterials. The formulation considers the mass fractions of all the ionic species in the pore fluid as independent state variables that quantify chemical processes. The constitutive and transport relationships are systematically derived from thermodynamic principles, symmetry requirements and conservation laws. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the formulation is adopted to study the dissolution process of saturated calcarenites under acidic environments. Simple density-dependent linear elasticity is being considered whereby stiffness degradation is physically captured in terms of density changes. Without chemical reaction, the stiffness is fixed and the response is purely linearly ‘poroelastic’. However, upon reaction the density changes, and thus so also does the stiffness, implying a non-linear response. The model also reveals the connection of densities to chemical potentials and pore fluid pressure, and shows that the latter quantity is governed by both density and osmotic concentration. Simulations of long-term debonding tests of calcarenite samples show good agreement with experimental observations under both uncoupled and coupled testing conditions. Furthermore, considering only a limited number of clearly stated assumptions, the model recovers the form of several empirical laws such as Darcy's law, Fick's law and the law of reaction kinetics. Outside these idealised model assumptions, the newly derived relationships generalise results for field conditions and provide insights into cases where one normally does not have, or technologically cannot reliably obtain experimental data due to challenging loading and boundary conditions.
Data from Atoh1 Inhibits Neuronal Differentiation and Collaborates with Gli1 to Generate Medulloblastoma-Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The morphogen and mitogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) activates a Gli1-dependent transcription program that drives proliferation of granule neuron progenitors (GNP) within the external germinal layer of the postnatally developing cerebellum. Medulloblastomas with mutations activating the Shh signaling pathway preferentially arise within the external germinal layer, and the tumor cells closely resemble GNPs. Atoh1/Math1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for GNP histogenesis, does not induce medulloblastomas when expressed in primary mouse GNPs that are explanted from the early postnatal cerebellum and transplanted back into the brains of naïve mice. However, enforced expression of Atoh1 in primary GNPs enhances the oncogenicity of cells overexpressing Gli1 by almost three orders of magnitude. Unlike Gli1, Atoh1 cannot support GNP proliferation in the absence of Shh signaling and does not govern expression of canonical cell cycle genes. Instead, Atoh1 maintains GNPs in a Shh-responsive state by regulating genes that trigger neuronal differentiation, including many expressed in response to bone morphogenic protein-4. Therefore, by targeting multiple genes regulating the differentiation state of GNPs, Atoh1 collaborates with the pro-proliferative Gli1-dependent transcriptional program to influence medulloblastoma development. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5618–27. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the hamster alpha 1-adrenergic receptor. (1988)

The cDNA for the Syrian hamster alpha 1-adrenergic receptor has been cloned with oligonucleotides corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of the receptor protein purified from DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle cells. The deduced amino acid sequence encodes a 515-residue polypeptide that shows the most sequence identity with the other adrenergic receptors and the putative protein product of the related clone G-21. Similarities with the muscarinic cholinergic receptors are also evident. Expression studies in COS-7 cells confirm that we have cloned the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor that couples to inositol phospholipid metabolism.
The pixon and Bayesian image reconstruction (1993)

The primary purpose of this paper is to present the theory of the pixon, its role in Bayesian image reconstruction, and a new method for selecting a pixon basis using fractal dimension concepts: the Fractal Pixon Basis (FPB). In addition, we review our recent work involving the Maximum Residual Likelihood (MRL) criterion for the goodness of fit (GOF) and the Uniform Pixon Basis (UPB). The MRL GOF statistic is based on the autocorrelation of the residuals and eliminates spatially correlated residuals which commonly occur in image reconstruction methods. The presence of spatially correlated residuals causes photometric inaccuracy. Consequently, photometry is greatly enhanced by using the MRL statistic. We also show that through the use of the UPB image representation, a 'Super-Maximum Entropy' solution can be obtained in which entropy is maximized exactly. We present reconstructions obtained with the above methods and compare them to those obtained with the best Maximum Entropy algorithms and demonstrate that use of UPB/MRL concepts provides consistently superior solutions. Finally, we present reconstructions which demonstrate that the FPB obtains the best results so far, significantly superior to both UPB/MRL and ME-based reconstructions.
Human marrow megakaryocyte differentiation: multiparameter correlative analysis identifies von Willebrand factor as a sensitive and distinctive marker for early (2N and 4N) megakaryocytes (2004)

Human megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation were studied in fresh marrow aspirates by using multiparameter flow cytometric correlative analysis. The expression of glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa, GPIIIa, GPIb, and CD36 correlated directly with cell size and ploidy (r > 0.97); however, GPIb acquisition was relatively slow. von Willebrand factor (VWF) is robustly expressed by early (2N and 4N) megakaryocytes, enabling their complete resolution from the other marrow cells at a level superior to that achieved with GPIIb/IIIa. Expression of myeloid CD45 and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-FcgammaRII receptor (CDw32) increased with megakaryocyte maturation and contrasted with the declining expression of HLA-DR (negative in platelets). Interleukin-6 receptor expression in megakaryocytes was higher than in other marrow cells. By using the time-of-flight technique, the diameter of the megakaryocyte population was 37 +/- 4 microm (mean +/- 1 SD) compared with 14 +/- 2 microm for the total marrow cells, ranging from 21 +/- 4 microm for 2N cells to 56 +/- 8 microm for 64N cells. Cell size directly correlated with cell DNA (r = 0.98). Receptor density of GPIIb/IIIa and GPIb decreased with the transition from 2N to 4N cells, then reached maximum at 32N cells. In conclusion, the present methods are useful for studying in vivo human megakaryocytopoiesis in normal and altered states. The expression of VWF is a sensitive and distinctive marker for the identification of young marrow megakaryocytes.
The Ideal Vegetable Oil-based Biodiesel Composition: A Review of Social, Economical and Technical Implications (2009)

Though a considerable number of publications about biodiesel can be found in literature, several problems remain unsolved, encompassing economical, social, and technical issues. Thus, the biodiesel industry has come under attack by some environmental associations, and subsidies for biofuel production have been condemned by some governments. Yet, biodiesel may represent a truly competitive alternative to diesel fuel, for which fuel tax exemption and subsidies to energetic crops are needed. Biodiesel must increase its popularity among social movements and governments to constitute a valid alternative of energy source. In this sense, the use of nonedible oils to produce biodiesel is proposed in the present review. Moreover, the compromise of noninterference between land for energetic and food purposes must be addressed. Concerning technical issues, it is important to consider a transesterification optimization, which is missing or incomplete for too many vegetable oils already tested. In most cases, a common recipe to produce biodiesel from any raw material has been adopted, which may not represent the best approach. Such strategy may fit multifeedstock biodiesel plant needs but cannot be accepted for oils converted individually into biodiesel, because biodiesel yield will most likely fail, increasing costs. Transesterification optimization results depend on the chemical composition of vegetable oils and fats. Considering “sustainable” vegetable oils, biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum, Azadirachta indica, Terminalia catappa, Madhuca indica, Pongamia pinnata, and Jatropha curcas oils fits both current biodiesel standards: European EN 14214 and US ASTM D 6751 02. However, none of them can be considered to be the “ideal” alternative that matches all the main important fuel properties that ensure the best diesel engine behavior. In search of the ideal biodiesel composition, high presence of monounsaturated fatty acids (as oleic and palmitoleic acids), reduced presence of polyunsaturated acids, and controlled saturated acids content are recommended. In this sense, C18:1 and C16:1 are the best-fitting acids in terms of oxidative stability and cold weather behavior, among many other properties. Furthermore, genetic engineering is an invaluable tool to design oils presenting the most suitable fatty acid profile to provide high quality biodiesel. Finally, most published research related to engine performance and emissions fails in using a standard methodology, which should be implemented to allow the comparison between tests and biofuels from different origin. In conclusion, a compromise between social, economical, and technical agents must be reached.
Self-Steepening without Self-Phase Modulation (2007)

A first optical manifestation of the Chen-Lee-Liu-type derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation results in self-steepening of ultrashort pulses and shock formation without simultaneous self-phase modulation and spectral broadening. Experiments verify theory.
Direct numerical simulations of dense granular suspensions in laminar flow under constant and varying shear rates (2020)

Using an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method, we investigated the response of dense granular suspensions to time-varying shear rates and flow reversals. The apparent viscosity and the evolution of particle clusters were analysed. The solids fractions and particle Reynolds numbers varied over the ranges 5% ≤ φv ≤ 47% and 0.11 ≤ Rep ≤ 0.32. The simulations included sub-grid scale corrections for unresolved lubrication forces. The contribution of the tangential lubrication corrections to the shear stress is dominant when φv surpasses 30%. For φv > 35%, increasing shear-thickening is seen with increasing φv. Following a shear reversal, the number of clusters temporarily increases and then decreases to a stable value over the same time scale as the development of the wall shear stress (and apparent viscosity). Simulations with several step changes in the shear rate show the effects of the previous shear history on the viscosity of the suspension.
The Impact of Mission Performance Requirements on the Development of an Early-Flight Space Fission Reactor (2003)

One of the lessons learned from past space fission reactor programs is that a small first step should be taken to successfully deploy a space fission system. The “size” of the first step is primarily determined by the mission performance requirements, most importantly power, lifetime, and mass. This paper discusses the benefits of keeping these requirements as simple as possible. Several issues are presented that demonstrate how lower‐power, shorter‐lifetime, and higher‐mass requirements can significantly decrease development risk for a fission system.
Evidence that the erythrocyte calcium pump catalyzes a Ca2+:nH+ exchange. (1983)

Treatment of whole erythrocytes with 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) results in inhibition of ATP and phosphate-dependent Ca2+ transport in subsequently prepared inside-out vesicles (IOV). Accumulation of phosphate into IOV in the presence of Ca2+ is virtually abolished by prior DIDS treatment, consistent with the presumed inhibition of the band III anion-exchange protein by this agent. No inhibition of Ca2+-activatable ATP hydrolysis is observed following DIDS treatment when open membranes are used to prevent development of ion gradients. This indicates that DIDS does not affect the inherent ATPase activity of the calcium pump (Waisman, D. M., Smallwood, J., Lafreniere, D., and Rasmussen, H. (1982) FEBS Lett. 145, 337-340). In IOV prepared from untreated cells, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake is stimulated by phosphate, sulfate, or chloride. Rates of Ca2+ uptake into DIDS-IOV are not increased by these anions. Lipid-permeable organic acids such as acetate, however, do promote Ca2+ transport in DIDS-IOV. Lipophilic anions incapable of transporting protons into the vesicle interior (nitrate and thiocyanate) support sustained uptake only when the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone is also added. These results support a model of the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase as a pump exchanging Ca2+ for protons, not transporting Ca2+ alone. Band III protein appears to promote Ca2+ transport in the presence of phosphate, sulfate, or chloride by exchanging external anion for the accumulating OH- (or HCO3-) produced by the calcium pump.
Study on Adsorption and Separation of Matrine by Macroporous Adsorbing Resin (2005)

It deals with adsorption capacity of seven macroporous adsorbing resins for matrine.The SP825 resin has the most absorbing rate,hitting 706.19?mg/g,followed by the NKA-9 resin,arriving at 600.77?mg/g,with the D301R resin being the least absorbing,reaching 461.48?mg/g.SP825 resin can be used to extract and separate the matrine.
Demineralization of Agricultural Residues by Water Leaching (2003)

Agricultural residues (wheat straw, olive husk, sunflower stalk, rice straw, and tobacco stalk), especially wheat straw, may have high contents of chlorine and potassium, elements that are very undesirable in power plant fuels. Chlorine, which is found in certain biomass types, such as straw, may affect operation by corrosion. The high chlorine and alkali content of some biomass fuels raise concerns regarding corrosion. The aim of this study was to determine elemental concentrations of alkalis and chlorine in fresh biomass char and ash and their leaching behavior under a variety of leaching media. A pretreatment process to remove potassium from agricultural residues may be based on pyrolysis followed by char leaching. The residues are pyrolyzed at 798 K, at which point the potassium is retained in the char. Potassium and residual chlorine are leached from the residual char by water. Demineralization of the agricultural residue chars was investigated, and an average of 71, 72, and 98% of the K, Cl, and Na in chars were leached by washing with water at 355 K.
Reaktionen des Cumalinsäure‐methylesters und Cumalinaldehyds mit ambidenten Nucleophilen (1988)

Reactions of Methyl Coumalate and Coumalaldehyde with Ambident Nucleophiles Methyl coumalate and coumalaldehyde show great diversity in their reactions with ambident nucleophiles both depending upon the 2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one derivative and the nature of the ambident nucleophile used. The products are either pyridine or pyrimidine derivatives.