gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Combustion Control for Calibration Purposes in a GDI Turbocharged Engine (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion phasing is crucial to achieve high performance and efficiency: for gasoline engines control variables such as Spark Advance (SA), Air-to-Fuel Ratio (AFR), Variable Valve Timing (VVT), Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), Tumble Flaps (TF) can influence the way heat is released. The optimal control setting can be chosen taking into account performance indicators, such as Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), pollutant emissions, or other indexes inherent to reliability issues, such as exhaust gas temperature, or knock intensity. Given the high number of actuations, the calibration of control parameters is becoming challenging.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many different approaches can be used to reach the best calibration settings: Design Of Experiment (DOE) is a common option when many parameters influence the results, but other methodologies are in use: some of them are based on the knowledge of the controlled system behavior, by means of models that are identified during the calibration process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper shows how the calibration can be managed using a different concept, based on the Extremum Seeking (ES) approach. The main idea consists in changing the values of each control parameter at the same time, identifying its effect on a cost or merit function (target function), allowing to shift automatically the control setting towards the optimum solution throughout the calibration procedure. The function is evaluated cycle by cycle, based on combustion analysis. Due to the control parameters continuous variations the target function values change: the ES objective is to drive the variations towards the setting minimizing the cost function.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The methodology has been applied to data referring to a GDI turbocharged engine, trying to maximize IMEP or minimize BSFC, while limiting the knock intensity and exhaust gas temperature, using SA, AFR and VVT as control variables. Experimental data referring to the considered engine have been used to feed a combustion model, allowing to test the calibration approach: results show that the ES-based calibration is able to automatically change SA, lambda and VVT values, taking into account all the constraints, and finally reaching the optimal control setting, independently of the starting setting.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
From Multivalent Dendrons to Self‐asssembled Multivalent Dendrimers: a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach (2013)

By using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we have gained new insights into multivalent binding. We have elucidated a novel 'sacrifice and screening’ effect in which flexible multivalent arrays optimise their interactions with DNA, and dissected the thermodynamic parameters leading us to conclude that multivalent charge‐display is crucial. By modifying the dendron focal point we achieved the self‐assembly of supramolecular dendrimers with multivalent ligand arrays which were demonstrated to bind DNA much more effectively than non‐assembling analogues. The self‐organising hydrophobic units tune the overall surface charge of the self‐assembled nanostructures and hence control the multivalent interactions with the binding partner. We have also shown how degradability can be built into these systems – important for biological applications. Finally, we have studied different biological targets. This has allowed us to generate self‐assembling multivalent systems with high affinity for heparin, and our work with RGD peptides has demonstrated that the self‐assembly approach to multivalency is competitive in terms of binding affinity with a full dendritic approach. This chapter demonstrates that the combination of experiment and theory is powerful for providing fundamental insight into nanoscale recognition and will underpin potential future applications in nanomedicine.
ROCK AS THERAPEUTICAL TARGET FOR MORGANA LOW CML (2016)

Background:Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is an haematological neoplasm characterized by a median overall survival of 12.4 months. The standard treatments for aCML patients are chemotherapeutic drugs. However, these treatments result inefficient in inducing remission from the pathology. Recently we demonstrated that the haploinsufficiency of Morgana, an Hsp90 co-chaperone, in vivo is sufficient to induce a lethal and transplantable CML-like myeloid neoplasm characterized by non recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone marrow. Morgana is able to bind to and inhibit Rho-kinases, which are emerging as key oncogenic players in haematological disorders Aims: Identify fundamental altered pathways in aCML to uncover the biological basis of the disease and find new therapeutical targets. Methods: The bone marrow of morgana heterozygous mice and chronic myeloid leukemia patients has been analyzed extensively by flow cytometry and immunoistochemestry. Murine and human CML bone marrow cells and in vitro cellular models (K562 and THP-1 cells) have been tested for sensitivity to the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil. Results: We demonstrated that diseased morgana heterozygous mice show ROCK hyperactivation in the bone marrow and that inhibition of these kinases results in apoptosis of morganalow bone marrow leukemic cells without affecting normal cells survival. Moreover, in THP-1 cells Morgana downregulation enhances ROCK activity promoting cell proliferation while ROCK inhibition significantly reduces the proliferation of these cells. Interestingly, we found that the Morgana-ROCK pathway is altered in the 16% of Philadelphia-positive CML patients where ROCK hyperactivation, cooperating with BCR-ABL signalling, leads to imatinib resistance. In this context, treatment with a ROCK inhibitor restores the efficacy of imatinib to induce apoptosis. In addition, we found Morgana downregulation and ROCK hyperactivation in the bone marrow of all aCML patients we tested. Summary/Conclusions: Taken together these results point out Morgana as an oncosuppressor and ROCK as potential therapeutical target for Morganalow CML patients.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Synergistic Interaction between the HDAC Inhibitor, MPT0E028, and Sorafenib in Liver Cancer Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1056KB, Investigation of the mechanism underlying sorafenibcaused p21 attenuation.&lt;/p&gt;
New designs of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries for rack mounted telecommunications applications (2002)

A new type of monobloc battery was launched onto the telecommunications market in 1993 for 24" deep, 23" telecomms racks as the first of a series of second generation products designed from the authors' experience and user experience of earlier types originally launched in 1982. This paper describes the advantages compared with more conventional products. These include a long narrow footprint for cabinet applications and front terminals for ease of connection and voltage monitoring. The lid is bonded to the box with a specially developed epoxy adhesive which is also used to provide intercell seals and encapsulation of the group bars; intercell welds are unnecessary. This gives advantages of improved energy density and elimination of negative group bar corrosion as a failure mode. The long thin style of battery case, together with outside facing plates, give improved heat transfer which reduces the chance of thermal runaway. Thermal imaging data from this type of battery and more conventional shaped blocs will be used to illustrate this point. The battery element was designed to give a high capacity and a long life. Bell NWT 000766 test results are presented to confirm a 12 year life at 25/spl deg/C. This design philosophy has now been extended into 19" rack systems with 18" deep cabinets through the VJ series of products.
Keke AI Competition: Solving puzzle levels in a dynamically changing mechanic space (2022)

The Keke AI Competition introduces an artificial agent competition for the game Baba is You - a Sokoban-like puzzle game where players can create rules that influence the mechanics of the game. Altering a rule can cause temporary or permanent effects for the rest of the level that could be part of the solution space. The nature of these dynamic rules and the deterministic aspect of the game creates a challenge for AI to adapt to a variety of mechanic combinations in order to solve a level. This paper describes the framework and evaluation metrics used to rank submitted agents and baseline results from sample tree search agents.
Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) Analysis of Human Activities Using Through-Wall Noise Radar (2007)

Various parts of the human body have different movements when a person is performing different physical activities. There is a need to remotely detect human heartbeat and breathing for applications involving anti-terrorism and search-and-rescue. Ultrawideband noise radar systems are attractive because they are covert and immune from interference. The conventional time-frequency analyses of human activity are not generally applicable to nonlinear and nonstationary signals. If one can decompose the noisy baseband reflected signal and extract only the human-induced Doppler from it, the identification of various human activities becomes easier. We propose a nonstationary model to describe human motion and apply the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), which is adaptive to nonlinear and nonstationary signals, in order to analyze frequency characteristics of the baseband signal. When used with noise-like radar data, it is useful covertly identify specific human movement.
Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis Revisited (2005)

Dialysis-related amyloidosis is characterized by various imaging appearances. In evaluating amyloidosis, MRI provides considerably more information than that obtained from conventional radiographic, CT, and sonographic studies.
Comparative efficacy of tandem autologous versus autologous followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2013)

Despite higher complete remission rates, there is no improvement in OS with auto-allo HCT; but this approach results in higher NRM in patients with newly diagnosed MM. At present, totality of evidence suggests that an auto-allo HCT approach for patients with newly diagnosed myeloma should not be offered outside the setting of a clinical trial.
Flow Control in an Aggressive Interturbine Transition Duct Using Low Profile Vortex Generators (2014)

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the flow mechanisms in an aggressive interturbine transition duct with and without low-profile vortex generators flow control. The interturbine duct had an area ratio of 1.53 and a mean rise angle of 35 deg. Measurements were made inside the annulus at a Reynolds number of 150,000. At the duct inlet, the background turbulence intensity was raised to 2.3% and a uniform swirl angle of 20 deg was established with a 48-airfoil vane ring. Results for the baseline case (no vortex generators) showed the flow structures within the duct were dominated by counter-rotating vortices and boundary layer separation in both the casing and hub regions. The combination of the adverse pressure gradient at the casing's first bend and upstream low momentum wakes caused the boundary layer to separate on the casing. The separated flow on the casing appears to reattach at the second bend. Counter-rotating and corotating vortex generators were installed on the casing. While both vortex generators significantly decreased the casing boundary layer separation with consequential reduction of overall pressure losses, the corotating configuration was found to be more effective.
Thirty-Day Postdischarge Mortality Among Black and White Patients 65 Years and Older in the Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (2019)

In this study of patients 65 years and older, short-term postdischarge mortality did not appear to increase for black patients under the HRRP, suggesting that certain value-based payment policies can be implemented without harming black populations. However, mortality seemed to increase for white patients with HF and this situation warrants investigation.
Optimization of Injection Strategies to Reduce Emission for 2-cycle Engine (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Starting 2015 all new diesel locomotive have to meet stringent emission requirements of 95% lower particulate and 75% lower NOx. Various approaches [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] and strategies have been implemented by the smaller diesel engine manufacturers to address this requirement. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), high pressure injection, multiple injection [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] e.t.c are few examples of reducing emissions inside the cylinder. Although this approach is tried by many heavy duty engine manufactures but not the optimal choice at this moment. On the other hand use of controlled after-treatment device has gained huge popularity in the heavy-duty diesel engine world. Most of the in cylinder NOx reduction strategies applied in 4-stroke engine does not translate very well for 2-cycle engine especially due to the scavenging process. Hence advanced simulation tools were used to understand the scavenging process to predict the optimal combustion characteristics to meet future emission standard.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper explores a wide range of injection strategies with advanced analytical optimization tools to lower emission for a 2-cycle engine. Analytical simulations were conducted for a calibrated Electro Motive Diesel 710 Tier-2 Engine. Sets of injection parameter where carefully chosen based on prior test and simulation data. Gradient based optimization technique method of moving asymptotes is used to find the optimal injection parameter and piston bowl shape. Simulations were done for the scavenging process to calculate the residual EGR and ensure the accuracy of combustion model. Results will be shown as compared to the baseline calibrated model. Optimal strategies developed in this work will be tested in single cylinder test cell and will be presented later.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A measurement procedure for the optimization of a distributed indoor localization system (2019)

Location-based services and indoor navigation are just two examples of applications that can draw big advantages from indoor localization systems. Although there are different mature technology for the outdoor scenarios, a single accepted and reliable solution for the indoor case still lacks. Many technology have been investigated but the one promising the best accuracy in the position estimation is based on ultrasound. A solution developed in this context in introduced is this paper. A localization system is briefly discussed and, an assessment procedure, aimed at determining the optimal choice in designing a specific node of a Wireless Sensor Network composing the localization system, is addressed. In particular, the experimental assessment, was aimed at finding the optimal circuit parameter maximizing both the operative range and the noise rejection of an anchor node by investigating the maximum reading range variation and the accuracy of the reading itself as functions of a threshold value of a comparator stage. Results show that, if the application of interest requires to optimize the operating range of the localization system, the optimal working condition could be defined as the one assuring the maximum system specificity guaranteeing the largest operating range.
THE REACTION OF SMALL RING COMPOUND WITH CARBON MONOXIDE THE CARBONYLATION OF OXIRANE (1980)

Abstract The carbonylation of oxiranes catalyzed by rhodium complex afforded β-lactones. Various factors which control the above reaction are presented.
A game theoretic framework for incentives in P2P systems (2004)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are self-organizing, distributed systems, with no centralized authority or infrastructure. Because of the voluntary participation, the availability of resources in a P2P system can be highly variable and unpredictable. We use ideas from game theory to study the interaction of strategic and rational peers, and propose a differential service-based incentive scheme to improve the system's performance.
Variational-based approach to investigate Fano resonant plasmonic metasurfaces (2023)

Considering the widespread applications of resonant phenomena in metasurfaces to bend, slow, concentrate, guide and manipulate lights, it is important to gain deep analytical insight into different types of resonances. Fano resonance and its special case electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) which are realized in coupled resonators, have been the subject of many studies due to their high-quality factor and strong field confinement. In this paper, an efficient approach based on Floquet modal expansion is presented to accurately predict the electromagnetic response of two-dimensional/one-dimensional Fano resonant plasmonic metasurfaces. Unlike the previously reported methods, this method is valid over a wide frequency range for different types of coupled resonators and can be applied to practical structures where the array is placed on one or more dielectric layers. Given that the formulation is written in a comprehensive and flexible way, both metal-based and graphene-based plasmonic metasurfaces under normal/oblique incident waves are investigated, and it is demonstrated that this method can be posed as an accurate tool for the design of diverse practical tunable/untunable metasurfaces.
Cationic Polysaccharides in Gene Delivery (2014)

Approval of Glybera®, a gene therapy to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency, by the European Union Marketing Authorization, and more than 1800 clinical trials in over 31 countries for the treatment of many incurable diseases, narrates the successful journey of gene therapy in the biomedical field. However, the undesired side effects of gene therapy using viral and other vectors have overshadowed the success story of gene therapy. Non-viral vectors, and more particularly cationic polysaccharides due to their non-toxicity, water solubility, biodegradability and excellent compatibility with body systems, provide an excellent alternative for gene delivery. This chapter highlights significant contributions made by cationic polysaccharides in gene delivery.
Use of a CT statistical deformation model for multi-modal pelvic bone segmentation (2008)

We present a segmentation algorithm using a statistical deformation model constructed from CT data of adult male pelves coupled to MRI appearance data. The algorithm allows the semi-automatic segmentation of bone for a limited population of MRI data sets. Our application is pelvic bone delineation from pre-operative MRI for image guided pelvic surgery. Specifically, we are developing image guidance for prostatectomies using the daVinci telemanipulator. Hence the use of male pelves only. The algorithm takes advantage of the high contrast of bone in CT data, allowing a robust shape model to be constructed relatively easily. This shape model can then be applied to a population of MRI data sets using a single data set that contains both CT and MRI data. The model is constructed automatically using fluid based non-rigid registration between a set of CT training images, followed by principal component analysis. MRI appearance data is imported using CT and MRI data from the same patient. Registration optimisation is performed using differential evolution. Based on our limited validation to date, the algorithm may outperform segmentation using non-rigid registration between MRI images without the use of shape data. The mean surface registration error achieved was 1.74 mm. The algorithm shows promise for use in segmentation of pelvic bone from MRI, though further refinement and validation is required. We envisage that the algorithm presented could be extended to allow the rapid creation of application specific models in various imaging modalities using a shape model based on CT data.
Comparison of AC losses, magnetic field/current distributions and critical currents of superconducting circular pancake coils and infinitely long stacks using coated conductors (2010)

A model is presented for calculating the AC losses, magnetic field/current density distribution and critical currents of a circular superconducting pancake coil. The assumption is that the magnetic flux lines will lie parallel to the wide faces of tapes in the unpenetrated area of the coil. Instead of using an infinitely long stack to approximate the circular coil, this paper gives an exact circular coil model using elliptic integrals. A new efficient numerical method is introduced to yield more accurate and fast computation. The computation results are in good agreement with the assumptions. For a small value of the coil radius, there is an asymmetry along the coil radius direction. As the coil radius increases, this asymmetry will gradually decrease, and the AC losses and penetration depth will increase, but the critical current will decrease. We find that if the internal radius is equal to the winding thickness, the infinitely long stack approximation overestimates the loss by 10% and even if the internal radius is reduced to zero, the error is still only 60%. The infinitely long stack approximation is therefore adequate for most practical purposes. In addition, the comparison result shows that the infinitely long stack approximation saves computation time significantly.
Relationship of clusterin with renal inflammation and fibrosis after the recovery phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury (2016)

Our data suggest that CLU deficiency worsens renal inflammation and tissue fibrosis after IRI in the kidney, which may be mediated through multiple pathways.
Accuracy of CPT evaluation and management coding by family physicians. (2001)

The error rate for physician CPT coding is substantial and occurs more commonly with new patients. The complexity of the CPT coding guidelines, along with limited physician training in CPT coding, likely account for these results.
Capture of benzotriazole-based Mannich electrophiles by CH-acidic compounds (2013)

The Mannich-type capture reaction of aminoalkylbenzotriazoles by CH acidic compounds is documented. The pKa of the benzotriazole counteranion is key to the success of such reactions, whereas the global electrophilicity of the reactive iminium moiety is secondary.
Storage mite allergy is common in a farming population (1985)

The prevalence of storage mite allergy was investigated in an epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms in farmers on Gotland, an island in the Baltic Sea. A questionnaire concerning work-related and chronic symptoms from the airways and eyes was completed by 2578 farmers. A sample of 440 farmers subsequently underwent examination comprising skin-prick tests (animal danders, pollens, moulds and house dust mite), blood sampling for RAST against four storage mites (Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Glycyphagus domesticus) and total IgE analyses. Immediate onset hypersensitivity reactions in the airways and eyes were very common among active farmers on Gotland, the prevalence being as high as 40.0%. The prevalence of atopic allergy was 15.6%. Allergy to storage mites was diagnosed, from the case history and a positive RAST to at least one of the four storage mites, in fifty-two of 440 studied farmers (12%), corresponding to a calculated prevalence of storage mite allergy in the whole farming population of Gotland of 6.2%. The corresponding prevalence among farmers with hypersensitivity symptoms was 15.4% and among those with possibly IgE-mediated symptoms it was as high as 37.8%. The present study clearly demonstrates a high prevalence of allergy to storage mites among farmers with respiratory symptoms.