gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colposcopic Accuracy of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents (2007)

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a frequent finding in cervical cancer screening programs, but little is known about how accurately colposcopy is performed by obstetrics/gynecology residents. The investigators sought to evaluate training in colposcopy in a retrospective review of 456 women having both colposcopy and directed cervical biopsy over a 6-year period ending in 2003. Residents in their second through fourth years of training took part in the study, along with nurse practitioners specially trained in colposcopy. Junior residents were supervised, but no formal colposcopy curriculum was in place during the period under study. The most common Pap test cytology leading to referral was low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, found in 52% of patients. Another 31% of women had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, while 17% had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. The colposcopic impression was CIN 1 in 52% of cases, CIN 2 in 24%, and CIN 3 in 22%; 2% of women had negative findings. The final histology was benign in 37% of women, CIN 1 in 30%, CIN 2 in 17%, and CIN 3 in 16%. Agreement within one step between cervical histology and colposcopy was documented in 77% of cases. The proportion of procedures yielding diagnostic agreement was 92% for nurse practitioners, 73% for fourth-year residents, 75% for third-year residents, and 77% for second-year residents. The overall association between coloscopy and cervical biopsy was highly significant at the level of P < 0.000, but only a slight degree of correlation was apparent. Correlation was strongest for nurse practitioners and weakest for third-year residents. The positive predictive value (PPV) for an association of any colposcopic abnormality with any histological abnormality was 64%. Overall PPV was highest for nurse practitioners and lowest for second-year residents. CIN 2 or CIN 3 was missed least often (23.5%) by second-year residents. Third-year residents under-called nearly half (48.6%) of cases of biopsy-confirmed high-grade CIN. These findings suggest that obstetrics/gynecology residents are, in general, able to accurately identify and classify cervical dysplasia by colposcopy. Little evidence was found in this study that accuracy is a function of the level of resident training. Nevertheless, the investigators believe that residents should be formally trained in colposcopy and the assessment of preinvasive cervical disease.
5. Viren machen nicht krank (2015)

Ihre Entwicklung begann vor mehr als 3,5 Milliarden Jahren in der Morgenstunde des Lebens, als es noch nicht einmal Zellen gab. Viren sind, wie Karin Mölling, die große Dame der Virenforschung, zeigt, keineswegs nur Feinde: Sie leisten zu unserer Entwicklung und Gesundheit wesentliche Beiträge. Selbst unser Erbgut besteht zur Hälfte aus – Viren.
Trends in Diet Quality and Increasing Inadequacies of Micronutrients Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, Iron and Potassium in US Type 2 Diabetic Adults (2023)

Diet quality generally worsened for US type 2 diabetic adults between 1999 and 2018. Declining consumptions of fruits, vegetables, and non-poultry meat may have contributed to the increasing inadequacies of VC, VB12, iron, and potassium in the US type 2 diabetic adults.
Optical Processing Techniques for Simultaneous Pulse Compression and Beam Sharpening (1968)

A technique is described in which the separate techniques of beam sharpening (by synthetic antenna methods) and pulse compression are converted into a single two-dimensional operation, which is carried out with a coherent optical processor.
Acquisition of aluminum tolerance inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby expression of theBCBorNtGDI1gene derived from plants (1999)

Eleven aluminum stress-induced genes derived from plants (wheat, Arabidopsis and tobacco) were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to test if expression of these genes confers Al tolerance. Al sensitivity tests showed that expression of two genes, either an Arabidopsis gene for blue copper binding protein (BCB), or a tobacco gene for the GDP dissociation inhibitor (NtGDI1), conferred Al tolerance. Determinations of total content and localization of Al ions in these transformants suggested that the BCB gene product functions in restricting Al uptake, while expression of the NtGDI1 gene promotes release of Al ions after uptake.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT FLUORINATION OF HEXAMETHYLDIGERMANE AND HEXAMETHYLDISILANE (1982)

Abstract Die direkte Fluorierung der Titelverbindungen (I) und (VII) bei tiefen Temp. führt bei beiden Verbindungen zur Spaltung der Metall‐Metall‐Bindung.
Molecular recognition of carbohydrates by acyclic receptors employing noncovalent interactions (2009)

Artificial carbohydrate receptors using noncovalent interactions for sugar binding provide valuable model systems to study the underlying principles of carbohydrate-based molecular recognition processes. In addition, well-designed artificial receptors may serve as a basis for the development of saccharide sensors or therapeutics that intervene in biologically important carbohydrate recognitions. Several different strategies have been employed for the design of such synthetic systems. The main focus of this tutorial review is on the carbohydrate binding capabilities of receptors possessing an acyclic structure and employing noncovalent interactions for sugar binding. The acyclic scaffold provides simplicity in the synthetic plan for many modifications of the receptor structure, supplying a base for systematic studies toward recognition motifs for carbohydrates. The review covers both some earlier examples and newer developments in this field.
Characterization of Multienzyme-Antibody-Carbon Nanotube Bioconjugates for Immunosensors (2009)

Characterization studies of a multi-enzyme-antibody-carbon nanotube bioconjugate designed for the amplification of electrochemical immunosensing are described. Secondary antibodies for prostate specific antigen (PSA) were covalently linked to highly carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) along with multiple horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme labels. These bioconjugates provide ultra-sensitive amperometric detection of PSA on a single-wall carbon nanotube forest sandwich immunosensor platform. A single layer of HRP on the surface of the CNT was suggested by images from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HRP on the bioconjugate surface was visualized by confocal microscopy using in-situ HRP-catalyzed polymerization yielding a fluorescent product, and HRP activity was estimated in a conventional assay. Binding of quantum-dot labeled PSA to antibodies on the bioconjugate was used for visualization by TEM. Combining TEM and enzyme activity results gave estimates of approximately 82 HRPs and 30 +/- 15 secondary antibodies per 100 nm of antibody-HRP-CNT bioconjugate.
A speed control strategy for an autonomous ship model for towing tank testing (2015)

This paper presents the strategies used to develop a speed control system for a ship model. This speed control is a part of a larger control and data acquisition system on board of an autonomous ship model that is being specifically developed to perform towing tank testing. Taking into account the requirements for this speed control system, and that the speeds to be measured are about one meter per second, a Laser Rangefinder is used as mean for measuring the speed of the model. This is quite unusual because these devices are just intended to measure distances between motionless objects. Various approaches used for setting up the controller are also presented.
Critical Assessment of PVDF Multilayer Barriers in Unbonded Flexible Risers: Applications and Benefits (2013)

The polymer barrier is the key component in a flexible pipe structure that is specifically designed to contain hydrocarbon media within the pipe. Maintaining the integrity of the barrier for the total service life of the pipe is therefore an essential requirement to prevent any leaking or spilling of the hydrocarbon into the external environment. For high temperature (&gt; 100°C) service PVDF is commonly used as a barrier material, and the barrier designs are based on either single layer or multilayer (two or three layers) structures depending on design strategy, manufacturing constraints and service application. This paper presents a critical review of the barrier design strategies, considering both single and multilayer structures. The main parameters in deciding a reliable barrier structure are discussed and the advantages/disadvantages of multilayers over single layers are highlighted. The different pipe failure modes/mechanisms that may be related to different barrier structures, the analyses and test requirements to evaluate and overcome these failures are discussed.
Microstructured Surfaces for Single-Phase Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement (2013)

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the use of microstructured surfaces to enhance jet impingement heat transfer. Three microstructured surfaces were evaluated: a microfinned surface, a microporous coating, and a spray pyrolysis coating. The performance of these surface coatings/structures was compared to the performance of simple surface roughening techniques and millimeter-scale finned surfaces. Experiments were conducted using water in both the free- and submerged-jet configurations at Reynolds numbers ranging from 3300 to 18,700. At higher Reynolds numbers, the microstructured surfaces were found to increase Nusselt numbers by 130% and 100% in the free- and submerged-jet configurations, respectively. Potential enhancement mechanisms due to the microstructured surfaces are discussed for each configuration. Finally, an analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of cooling a power electronic module via a jet impingement scheme utilizing microfinned surfaces.
A Heuristic Algorithm for Agent-Based Grid Resource Discovery (2005)

This paper introduces an agent-based resource management model, agent structure and its function. On the basis of local resources adopting the strategy "first come first served" to the task, we put forward a resource management heuristic algorithm using a technique of resource advertisement and discovery. Agents are organized into a graph and the heuristic algorithm is based on multi-agent cooperation, to ensure this methodology achieves the goal of task scheduling.
Small cell lung cancer cells: Stimulation by multiple neuropeptides and inhibition by broad spectrum antagonists (1993)

Human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) constitutes 25[percent] of lung cancers and follows an aggressive clinical course. SCLC is characterised by the presence of intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules and by its ability to secrete many hormones and neuropeptides. Only bombesin-like peptides, which include gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), have been shown to act as autocrine growth factors for certain SCLC cell lines. This thesis focused on other neuropeptides and particularly their ability to mediate SCLC growth. The neuropeptides bradykinin, cholecystokinin (CCK), GRP, neurotensin and vasopressin at nanomolar concentrations stimulated an increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca2+]i), inositol phosphate hydrolysis, and increased colony formation in semi-solid medium in responsive SCLC cell lines. These results suggest that multiple Ca2+-mobilising neuropeptides stimulate SCLC growth by an extensive network of autocrine and paracrine interactions. With tumour progression these neuropeptides have increased potency. Galanin a 29 amino-acid peptide opposes Ca2+ signals and modulates the action of other neuropeptides in various cellular systems. Thus the effect of galanin in SCLC cell lines was investigated. Surprisingly, galanin increased rather than decreased [Ca2+]i, and stimulates the production of inositol phosphates in certain SCLC cell lines. In view of the Ca2+-mobilizing actions of galanin, the effect on SCLC growth was tested. Galanin stimulates clonal growth in SCLC cells, further supporting the proposition that SCLC growth is stimulated by multiple autocrine/paracrine interactions involving Ca2+ mobilizing neuropeptides. This is the first time that galanin is shown to evoke inositol phosphate, Ca2+ mobilisation and growth responses in any cell type. Gastrin, CCK and CCK-related peptides have identical carboxy-terminal amino-acid structure. SCLC cells are shown to express two distinct functional CCK receptor subtypes, CCKA and gastrin/CCKB receptors, both of which increase [Ca2+]i and stimulate clonal growth. The cDNA of the gastrin/CCKB receptor was cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses revealed a single transcript of 2.4 kb in SCLC. The levels of RNA expression match directly with the ability of these SCLC cells to respond to gastrin. This is the first time that CCKA and gastrin/CCKB receptors are shown to stimulate growth outside the gastointestinal system. The broad-spectrum neuropeptide antagonists [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D- Trp7,9,Leu11] substance P and [Arg6,D-Trp7,9,MePhe8] substance P (6-11) block bradykinin, CCK, galanin, gastrin, GRP, neurotensin and vasopressin mediated signals and growth in SCLC cell lines, and inhibit SCLC growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, broad spectrum neuropeptide antagonists constitute potential anticancer agents.
Four Tough Reforms to Revive the Manufacturing Sector in India (2014)

For the past four years, India's economy has seen a dispiriting collapse of growth. This issue brief identifies the four main reforms that new Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government must undertake to revive the manufacturing sector in India.
Neoplasms Derived From Plasmacytoid Monocytes/Interferon-Producing Cells: Variability of CD56 and Granzyme B Expression (2003)

Facchetti, Fabio MD; Vermi, William MD; Santoro, Amerigo MD; Vergoni, Federica MD; Chilosi, Marco MD; Doglioni, Claudio MD Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF NITROGENOUS HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. NOTE XI. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3H‐BENZ(E)INDOLE AND ITS DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Naphthyl‐aminomalonester (I) und Propiolester (II) entsteht das Addukt (III), das zum Benzindol‐carbonester (IVa) cyclisiert wird.
<title>Intraoperative determination and display of cortical function</title> (1997)

One of the most important issues in neurosurgical lesion resection is margin definition. And while there is still some effort required to exactly determine lesion boundaries from tomographic images, the lesions are at least perceptible on the scans. What is not visible is the location of function. Functional imaging such as PET and fMRI hold some promise for cortical function localization; however, intraoperative cortical mapping can provide exact localization of function without ambiguity. Since tomographic images can provide lesion margin definition and cortical mapping can provide functional information we have developed a system for combining the two in our Interactive, Image-Guided system. For cortical surface mapping we need a surface description. Brain contours are extracted from a MRI volume using a deformable model approach and rendered from multiple angular positions. As the surgeon moves a probe, its position is displayed on the view closes to the angular position of the probe. During functional mapping, positive response to stimulation result in a color overlay 'dot' added to the cortical surface display. Different colored dots are used to distinguish between motor function and language function. And a third color is used to display overlapping functionality. This information is used to guide the resection around functionally eloquent areas of the cortex.
Aspirin locally disrupts the liquid-ordered phase (2018)

Local structure and dynamics of lipid membranes play an important role in membrane function. The diffusion of small molecules, the curvature of lipids around a protein and the existence of cholesterol-rich lipid domains (rafts) are examples for the membrane to serve as a functional interface. The collective fluctuations of lipid tails, in particular, are relevant for diffusion of membrane constituents and small molecules in and across membranes, and for structure and formation of membrane domains. We studied the effect of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) on local structure and dynamics of membranes composed of dimyristoylphosphocholine (DMPC) and cholesterol. Aspirin is a common analgesic, but is also used in the treatment of cholesterol. Using coherent inelastic neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we present evidence that ASA binds to liquid-ordered, raft-like domains and disturbs domain organization and dampens collective fluctuations. By hydrogen-bonding to lipid molecules, ASA forms 'superfluid' complexes with lipid molecules that can organize laterally in superlattices and suppress cholesterol's ordering effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Spiroacetals from Enol‐Esters. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MATADOR: AN EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT FOR SYSTEM-DESIGN (2002)

We present a modular platform simulation environment to estimate the energy consumption and performance of distributed systems in a Systems-on-Chip context. We use the simulation environment to support the development of our high-level design methodologies. More in particular, we steer and verify the development of a task-level data transfer and storage methodology, the development of a task-level scheduling methodology and the development of an instruction memory management methodology. All of these methodologies are focussed on reducing the overall energy consumption of the complex dynamic system on a heterogeneous platform architecture. Compared to research in the academic and industrial context, our contribution is to integrate in a scalable way existing energy and performance simulators of the components of a heterogeneous multiprocessor SoC. Also a novel instruction memory hierarchy is included. The simulation environment consists of multiple processing nodes connected to a distributed memory hierarchy. To reduce the energy consumption of the system, both the processing nodes as well as the memory architecture can be varied: the processing voltage of each node can be tuned and the memory hierarchy can be fully customized. The integration of dynamic real-time applications on this platform is simplified by the availability of a multi-processor RTOS. The use of the simulator to develop our high-level design methodologies is illustrated on real-life multimedia applications.
Effects of mood stabilizers on the inhibition of adenylate cyclase via dopamine D2‐like receptors (2007)

It was shown that each of these drugs affects basal- and forskolin-evoked cAMP levels in a distinct way, resulting in differential responses to dopamine D(2)-like receptors activation.
Surface chemistry of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystallites (1997)

The rational modification of porous and single‐crystalline silico surfaces is of particular interest for technologies based on silicon. Porous silicon, such as the layer shown in the Figure, has many potential technological applications. In this review of chemical reactions developed for Si surface modification, both extensions of the chemistry of molecular Si compounds to surfaces and new surface chemistry are treated. magnified image
ATP-Driven Remodeling of the Linker Domain in the Dynein Motor (2012)

Dynein ATPases are the largest known cytoskeletal motors and perform critical functions in cells: carrying cargo along microtubules in the cytoplasm and powering flagellar beating. Dyneins are members of the AAA+ superfamily of ring-shaped enzymes, but how they harness this architecture to produce movement is poorly understood. Here, we have used cryo-EM to determine 3D maps of native flagellar dynein-c and a cytoplasmic dynein motor domain in different nucleotide states. The structures show key sites of conformational change within the AAA+ ring and a large rearrangement of the "linker" domain, involving a hinge near its middle. Analysis of a mutant in which the linker "undocks" from the ring indicates that linker remodeling requires energy that is supplied by interactions with the AAA+ modules. Fitting the dynein-c structures into flagellar tomograms suggests how this mechanism could drive sliding between microtubules, and also has implications for cytoplasmic cargo transport.
Vertical ultrathin‐channel multi‐gate MOSFETs (MuGFETs): technological challenges and future developments (2009)

Abstract One of the biggest challenges for the VLSI circuits with 32‐nm‐technology nodes and beyond is to prevent catastrophic increases in power consumption due to short‐channel effects. Vertical ultrathin‐channel (UTC) multi‐gate MOSFETs (MuGFETs) have a promising potential to overcome this issue thanks to their superior SCE immunity due to extremely high electrostatic control of the channel. Before we put vertical UTC MuGFETs to practical use, however, we have to solve several technological problems due to the vertical configuration of the channel. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of vertical UTC MuGFETs and speculates about their future development. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
<title>Geoscientific data visualization on the interactive workbench</title> (2000)

This paper describes the development of applications for the interactive investigation of 3D geological and geophysical data, using an Interactive Workbench. The Interactive Workbench is essentially a large light table, on which stereo images are back-projected. The position of the user's head and hands are determined by a magnetic tracking system. The user interacts via a 3D mouse with geoscientific data objects that appear to be placed on or above the table. A high-end Silicon Graphics Workstation renders the stereo images 30 times a second for the users current eye position. We have implemented a pen-driven user interface as well as virtual tools for positioning, picking and cutting in order to visualize and, in some instances, edit geological objects like horizons, faults, seismic data, well bores, etc. This approach enables geoscientists to more fully exploit 3D geoscientific data by providing them with a truly 3D display that can be shared with others. In addition, the 3D interactivity that this technology provides can support more productive modeling of geoscientific data and more efficient verification of the resulting interpretations.
Epinephrine application via an endotracheal airway and via the Combitube in esophageal position (2000)

Epinephrine applied via the esophageal lumen of the Combitube in a ten-fold higher dosage has similar effects on plasma epinephrine levels and hemodynamic variables compared to endotracheal administration.