gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open : Lymphoma Risk and Overall Safety Profile of Adalimumab in Patients With Crohn's Disease With up to 6 Years of Follow-up in the PYRAMID Registry (2018)

PYRAMID is the longest prospective adalimumab study in routine clinical practice, with up to 6 years of follow-up. No new safety signals were reported. The pre-specified registry objective of ruling out a doubling of lymphoma risk with adalimumab was met.
Involvement of CD166 in the Activation of Human γδT Cells by Tumor Cells Sensitized with Nonpeptide Antigens (2006)

We previously reported that human Vgamma2Vdelta2-gammadelta T cells were activated by many human tumor cell lines treated with pamidronate (PAM) in a gammadelta TCR-dependent manner. In the present study, we indicated that a synthetic pyrophosphomonoester Ag, 2-methy-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate, could directly "sensitize" the tumor cells to activate gammadelta T cells independently of the host metabolism, while the sensitizing effect of PAM was reported to be dependent on the pharmacological activity. Some exceptional tumor cells that failed to be sensitized by PAM were incapable of activating gammadelta T cells by the treatment with 2-methy-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate either, suggesting a requirement of host factor(s) for the effective gammadelta T cell activation in addition to the nonpeptide Ags. By screening mAbs against a large panel of tumor cell lines, we found that the expression of CD166 closely paralleled the capacity of activating gammadelta T cells upon PAM treatment. The transfection of a CD166-negative tumor cell line with CD166 cDNA caused a marked enhancement of the capacity to activate gammadelta T cells following PAM treatment. On the contrary, down-regulation of the CD166 expression in a CD166-bearing tumor cell line by short hairpin RNA resulted in a significant reduction of PAM-induced gammadelta T cell-stimulatory activity. gammadelta T cells expressed CD6, a receptor of CD166, and CD6 and CD166 were recruited together to the center of synapse between gammadelta T cells and PAM-treated tumor cells, colocalizing with gammadelta TCR/CD3. The results suggested that the engagement of CD6 with CD166 on tumor cells played an important role in the gammadelta T cell activation by the tumor cells loaded with nonpeptide Ags either endogenously or exogenously.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin versus Etoposide Plus Cisplatin in Chemotherapy-Naïve Korean Patients with Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer (2018)

The IP chemotherapy did not significantly improve the survival compared with EP chemotherapy in Korean patients with extensive-disease SCLC.
Pivotal Advance: Eosinophil infiltration of solid tumors is an early and persistent inflammatory host response (2006)

Tumor-associated eosinophilia has been observed in numerous human cancers and several tumor models in animals; however, the details surrounding this eosinophilia remain largely undefined and anecdotal. We used a B16-F10 melanoma cell injection model to demonstrate that eosinophil infiltration of tumors occurred from the earliest palpable stages with significant accumulations only in the necrotic and capsule regions. Furthermore, the presence of diffuse extracellular matrix staining for eosinophil major basic protein was restricted to the necrotic areas of tumors, indicating that eosinophil degranulation was limited to this region. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells and adoptive transfer of eosinophils suggested, respectively, that the accumulation of eosinophils is not associated with T helper cell type 2-dependent immune responses and that recruitment is a dynamic, ongoing process, occurring throughout tumor growth. Ex vivo migration studies have identified what appears to be a novel chemotactic factor(s) released by stressed/dying melanoma cells, suggesting that the accumulation of eosinophils in tumors occurs, in part, through a unique mechanism dependent on a signal(s) released from areas of necrosis. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the infiltration of tumors by eosinophils is an early and persistent response that is spatial-restricted. It is more important that these data also show that the mechanism(s) that elicit this host response occur, independent of immune surveillance, suggesting that eosinophils are part of an early inflammatory reaction at the site of tumorigenesis.
Integrating quantum photonics and microwaves in a rare-earth ion on-chip architecture (2018)

Quantum interconnects allow disparate quantum systems to be entangled, leading to more powerful integrated quantum technology and increases in scalability. The foundation for such technology, including photonic quantum memories and coherent microwave-to-optical (M2O) transducers, have already been developed in rare-earth ion (REI) crystals. Here we demonstrate improved REI quantum device functionality in an on-chip platform that dramatically strengthens the ions’ interactions with optical fields and integrates with planar microwave technology. Using a photonic crystal nanobeam fabricated in a Nd-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO) crystal, we harness the enhanced ion-photon interactions that create single photon Rabi frequencies as large as 60 MHz. In particular, the large AC Stark shift is used to control an ensemble of approximately 4000 ions for photonic quantum memory applications. We demonstrate AC Stark shift control of the storage time in the atomic frequency comb protocol as well as the possibility of memories based on an all-optical variation of the hybrid photon echo rephasing protocol. The spin state of the REIs can also be addressed directly through the integration of microwave striplines and coplanar waveguide cavities. The achievement of optically detected magnetic resonance in on-chip waveguides and nanophotonic cavities in Nd:YVO will be presented along with the initial progress of achieving coherent M2O conversion using Raman heterodyne spectroscopy. With photonic quantum memories and sources, single ion qubits, and quantum M2O all feasible in the one integrated platform, REI technology is a promising platform for enabling large scale integration of diverse quantum resources.
Study of the Hydrates of H2SO4 Using Density Functional Theory (1998)

Density functional molecular orbital theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory to study the hydrates of sulfuric acid (H2SO4·nH2O) for n = 0−7 and the dimer of the trihydrate of sulfuric acid, (H2SO4·3H2O)2. Six neutrals of the first six H2SO4·nH2O clusters (n = 1−6) were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of H2SO4 and H2O and contain no H3O+ ions. An H3O+ ion and HSO4- formed in clusters of H2SO4·nH2O for n = 3−7. This is in contrast to the bulk phase where H2SO4 and two H2O's have been converted to two H3O+ ions and a free SO42- ion. The energetics of the hydration reactions also were obtained. The free energy of formation from free H2SO4 and H2O had a minimum at n = 3−4 at room temperature. However, the free energy of formation of H2SO4·nH2O from free H2SO4 and H2O decreased rapidly with temperature with the minimum becoming less pronounced and disappearing completely by 248 K. Below 248 K there is no free energy barrier to the formation of larger hydrates.
Induction and regulation of mRNA encoding 26-kDa protein in human cell lines treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. (1987)

A 26-kDa protein, originally described in human fibroblasts superinduced for interferon beta (IFN-beta) production, and termed IFN-beta 2 by other investigators, is induced by cycloheximide and by a 22-kDa, interleukin 1 (IL-1)-related factor. Although the structure and sequence of the corresponding gene show nonhomology with the IFN-beta gene, the gene is identical to that of B-cell stimulatory factor 2, a human interleukin, and displays a very potent growth and differentiation factor activity for B lymphocytes. In this work we show that IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) strongly induce the 26-kDa protein in FS-4 fibroblasts and in some transformed cell lines. Addition of cycloheximide to recombinant (r)IL-1 beta and rTNF further enhances the level of 26-kDa-protein mRNA. We determined the kinetics of induction and the amounts of rTNF and rIL-1 beta required for optimal induction of this mRNA in FS-4 cells and in HeLa H21 cells and found that rIL-1 beta is a more efficient inducer of 26-kDa protein mRNA than is TNF. By analyzing the inducibility of the 26-kDa protein gene by rTNF and rIL-1 beta in a series of transformed cell lines that differ in their sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of TNF, we report a direct correlation between the 26-kDa protein mRNA expression and the resistance of these cells to the cytotoxic effect of TNF.
3-D frequency-domain seismic wave modelling in heterogeneous, anisotropic media using a Gaussian quadrature grid approach (2010)

We present an extension of the 3-D spectral element method (SEM), called the Gaussian quadrature grid (GQG) approach, to simulate in the frequency-domain seismic waves in 3-D heterogeneous anisotropic media involving a complex free-surface topography and/or sub-surface geometry. It differs from the conventional SEM in two ways. The first is the replacement of the hexahedral element mesh with 3-D Gaussian quadrature abscissae to directly sample the physical properties or model parameters. This gives a point-gridded model which more exactly and easily matches the free-surface topography and/or any sub-surface interfaces. It does not require that the topography be highly smooth, a condition required in the curved finite difference method and the spectral method. The second is the derivation of a complex-valued elastic tensor expression for the perfectly matched layer (PML) model parameters for a general anisotropic medium, whose imaginary parts are determined by the PML formulation rather than having to choose a specific class of viscoelastic material. Furthermore, the new formulation is much simpler than the time-domain-oriented PML implementation. The specified imaginary parts of the density and elastic moduli are valid for arbitrary anisotropic media. We give two numerical solutions in full-space homogeneous, isotropic and anisotropic media, respectively, and compare them with the analytical solutions, as well as show the excellent effectiveness of the PML model parameters. In addition, we perform numerical simulations for 3-D seismic waves in a heterogeneous, anisotropic model incorporating a free-surface ridge topography and validate the results against the 2.5-D modelling solution, and demonstrate the capability of the approach to handle realistic situations.
Optimization of Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuraides L.seeds by Response Surface Analysis (2010)

This paper describes the optimization of extraction process of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuraides L.seeds by response surface analysis(RSA),where the effects of extraction temperature,length of extraction time and material-to-water ratio and their interactions on polysaccharide yield were dealt with.The optimal conditions for the extraction of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuraides L.seeds were obtained to be:e the optimization of extraction process temperature 75 ℃,length of extraction time 3 h and material-to-water ratio 1:25,and the maximum polysaccharide yield was 70.25% under these conditions.
Hybrid Detectors for Subpixel Targets (2007)

Subpixel detection is a challenging problem in hyperspectral imagery analysis. Since the target size is smaller than the size of a pixel, detection algorithms must rely solely on spectral information. A number of different algorithms have been developed over the years to accomplish this task, but most detectors have taken either a purely statistical or a physics-based approach to the problem. We present two new hybrid detectors that take advantage of these approaches by modeling the background using both physics and statistics. Results demonstrate improved performance over the well known AMSD and ACE subpixel algorithms in experiments that include multiple targets, images, and area types--especially when dealing with weak targets in complex backgrounds.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves survival rate and reduces concentrations of bacteria, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats (1996)

G-CSF improves host defense and survival rate in experimentally induced fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis. Clearance of bacteria and endotoxin is improved, concentrations of TNF and endothelin-1 are suppressed, and microvascular flow is improved. G-CSF does not induce neutrophil-mediated tissue damage.
Risk of Influenza A (H5N1) Infection among Health Care Workers Exposed to Patients with Influenza A (H5N1), Hong Kong (2000)

The first outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) occurred among humans in Hong Kong in 1997. To estimate the risk of person-to-person transmission, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the prevalence of H5N1 antibody among health care workers (HCWs) exposed to H5N1 case-patients with the prevalence among nonexposed HCWs. Information on H5N1 case-patient and poultry exposures and blood samples for H5N1-specific antibody testing were collected. Eight (3.7%) of 217 exposed and 2 (0.7%) of 309 nonexposed HCWs were H5N1 seropositive (P=.01). The difference remained significant after controlling for poultry exposure (P=.01). This study presents the first epidemiologic evidence that H5N1 viruses were transmitted from patients to HCWs. Human-to-human transmission of avian influenza may increase the chances for the emergence of a novel influenza virus with pandemic potential.
Refraction and Change in Refraction Over a 20-Year Period in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (2018)

Nuclear cataract is the primary contributor to the myopic shift among older individuals. Birth cohort effects on baseline refraction but not change in refraction were observed.
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Heterogeneity of individual lesions (1994)

Different patterns of DCIS are frequently present within individual lesions (46 of 100), and the more advanced features of architectural atypia are regularly present centrally. This strongly supports the hypothesis that these lesions develop from a central focus and expand peripherally. Also, those lesions with low-grade DCIS at the periphery may be as amenable to local excision for cure as purely low-grade lesions.
EDS Containment Vessel TNT Equivalence Testing. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
KREAN, a new simulation program for power electronic circuits (2002)

A special-purpose program for long-term digital simulation of power electronic circuits, KREAN, is presented. Particular attention is given to simple device modeling for long-term simulation, solution of stiff power electronic circuits (simultaneously having large and small time constants), solution of large sparse circuit matrices, and handling of discontinuities in switched power electronic circuits. This work has been undertaken to present an attractive alternative to general-purpose programs like SPICE and EMTP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Dinitrogen Dicopper(I) Complex via a Mixed‐Valence Dicopper Hydride (2016)

Abstract Low‐temperature reaction of the tris(pyrazolyl)borate copper(II) hydroxide [ iPr2 TpCu] 2 (μ‐OH) 2 with triphenylsilane under a dinitrogen atmosphere gives the bridging dinitrogen complex [ iPr2 TpCu] 2 (μ‐1,2‐N 2 ) ( 3 ). X‐ray crystallography reveals an only slightly activated N 2 ligand (N‐N: 1.111(6) Å) that bridges between two monovalent iPr2 TpCu fragments. While DFT studies of mono‐ and dinuclear copper dinitrogen complexes suggest weak π‐backbonding between the d 10 Cu I centers and the N 2 ligand, they reveal a degree of cooperativity in the dinuclear Cu‐N 2 ‐Cu interaction. Addition of MeCN, CNAr 2,6‐Me , or O 2 to 3 releases N 2 with formation of iPr2 TpCu(L) (L=NCMe, CNAr 2,6‐Me2 ) or [ iPr2 TpCu] 2 (μ‐η 2 :η 2 ‐O 2 ) ( 1 ). Addition of triphenylsilane to [ iPr2 TpCu] 2 (μ‐OH) 2 in pentane allows isolation of a key intermediate [ iPr2 TpCu] 2 (μ‐H) ( 5 ). Although 5 thermally decays under N 2 to give 3 , it reduces unsaturated substrates, such as CO and HC≡CPh to HC(O)H and H 2 C=CHPh, respectively.
Correlation between Stroboscopy and Electromyography in Laryngeal Paralysis (1993)

Twenty patients with vocal fold motion impairment were reviewed to correlate the findings of electromyography (EMG) and stroboscopy. The causes of motion impairment were idiopathic, previous surgery with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, neck and skull base trauma, and neoplasm. The EMG studies were analyzed to assess the status of innervation of the immobile vocal fold. The presence or absence of the mucosal wave prior to therapeutic intervention was determined with stroboscopic examination. Eight of 10 patients with EMG evidence of reinnervation or partial denervation were found to have mucosal waves, and 3 of 10 patients with EMG evidence of denervation were found to have mucosal waves. Six patients developed mucosal waves after surgical medialization, despite evidence of denervation by EMG criteria. These findings support the premise that tension and subglottic pressure, rather than status of innervation, determine the presence of the mucosal wave.
Toward a Better Diagnosis for Preeclampsia (2016)

In medical school, students learn that the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia are new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. An accurate diagnosis is essential, because preeclampsia is a leading cause of iatrogenic prematurity; the sole known “cure” for preeclampsia is delivery of the placenta. However, in clinical practice, the diagnosis of preeclampsia may be more nuanced than the classic textbook presentation. In a subset of patients, severe preeclampsia and even eclampsia (i.e., the presence of seizures) may present atypically in the absence of either hypertension or proteinuria. Diagnosing preeclampsia is further complicated by the fact that signs and symptoms of preeclampsia overlap with those of other medical conditions seen in pregnancy, such as liver disease, renal disease, chronic hypertension, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Moreover, the standard clinical diagnostic criteria, such as hypertension or proteinuria, are not sufficiently accurate to predict adverse outcomes associated with the disease. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recently released new guidelines modifying the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia that broaden the inclusion criteria to further reflect the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation (1). Current emphasis on overdiagnosis may improve maternal outcomes but may also lead to worse neonatal outcomes, because iatrogenic preterm delivery could result from significant misclassification of the disease. Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality in developed and developing countries, making an improved diagnostic tool that is linked to the pathogenesis of the disease an important goal and a crucial step toward developing new treatments.

Basic research has implicated a major pathogenic role for angiogenic imbalance in the placenta in the onset and progression of preeclampsia. High circulating concentrations of antiangiogenic factors such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1)3 and low concentrations of proangiogenic factors such as placental growth factor (PlGF) released by the placenta contribute to …
Effect of Salt on the Formation and Stability of Water-in-Oil Pickering Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles (2020)

Sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles are prepared in <i>n</i>-dodecane using polymerization-induced self-assembly. Precursor Pickering macroemulsions are then prepared by the addition of water followed by high-shear homogenization. In the absence of any salt, high-pressure microfluidization of such precursor emulsions leads to the formation of relatively large aqueous droplets with DLS measurements indicating a mean diameter of more than 600 nm. However, systemically increasing the salt concentration produces significantly finer droplets after microfluidization, until a limiting diameter of around 250 nm is obtained at 0.11 M NaCl. The mean size of these aqueous droplets can also be tuned by systematically varying the nanoparticle concentration, applied pressure, and the number of passes through the microfluidizer. The mean number of nanoparticles adsorbed onto each aqueous droplet and their packing efficiency are calculated. SAXS studies conducted on a Pickering nanoemulsion prepared using 0.11 M NaCl confirms that the aqueous droplets are coated with a loosely packed monolayer of nanoparticles. The effect of varying the NaCl concentration within the droplets on their initial rate of Ostwald ripening is investigated using DLS. Finally, the long-term stability of these water-in-oil Pickering nanoemulsions is assessed using analytical centrifugation. The rate of droplet ripening can be substantially reduced by using 0.11 M NaCl instead of pure water. However, increasing the salt concentration up to 0.43 M provided no further improvement in the long-term stability of such nanoemulsions.
Molecular Characterization and Expression of Urotensin II and its Receptor in the Flounder (Platichthys flesus): A Hormone System Supporting Body Fluid Homeostasis in Euryhaline Fish (2006)

Urotensin II (UII) is a potent vasoconstrictor in mammals, but the source of circulating UII remains unclear. Investigations of the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS), considered the major source of UII in fish, alongside target tissue expression of UII receptor (UT), can provide valuable insights into this highly conserved regulatory system. We report UII gene characterization, expression of the first fish UT, and responses to salinity challenge in flounder. The 12-aa UII peptide shares 73% sequence identity with pig and human UII. Flounder UT receptor shares 56.7% identity with rat. Although the CNSS is the major site of UII expression, RT-PCR revealed expression of UII and UT in all tissues tested. Around 30-40% of large CNSS Dahlgren cells expressed UII, alone or in combination with urotensin I and/or corticotrophin releasing hormone. Immunolocalization of UT in osmoregulatory tissues (gill, kidney) was associated with vascular elements. There were no consistent differences in CNSS UII expression or plasma UII between seawater (SW)- and freshwater (FW)-adapted fish, although gill and kidney UT expression was lower in FW animals. After acute transfer from SW to FW, plasma UII and kidney and gill UT expression were reduced, whereas UT expression in kidney was increased after reverse transfer. UII appears to be more important to combat dehydration and salt-loading in SW than the hemodilution faced in FW. Potentially, altered target tissue sensitivity through changes in UT expression, is an important physiological controlling mechanism, not only relevant for migratory fish but also likely conserved in mammals.