gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 0.13 μm logic-based embedded DRAM technology with electrical fuses, Cu interconnect in SiLK/sup TM/, sub-7 ns random access time and its extension to the 0.10 μm generation (2002)

Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) has been fabricated successfully with 0.13 /spl mu/m technology for the first time using Cu interconnects and low-/spl kappa/ SiLK/sup TM/ dielectric. Sub-7 ns random access time has been achieved. Extension of the technology to 0.10 /spl mu/m and electrical fuse (eFuse) implementation for flexible redundancy are also described.
Data from Activated Platelets Provide a Functional Microenvironment for the Antiangiogenic Fragment of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The angiogenesis inhibitor histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) constitutes one of several examples of molecules regulating both angiogenesis and hemostasis. The antiangiogenic properties of HRG are mediated via its proteolytically released histidine- and proline-rich (His/Pro-rich) domain. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, we here provide biochemical evidence for the presence of a proteolytic peptide, corresponding to the antiangiogenic domain of HRG, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in human tissue. This finding supports a role for HRG as an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis. Interestingly, the His/Pro-rich peptide bound to the vessel wall in tissue from cancer patients but not to the vasculature in tissue from healthy persons. Moreover, the His/Pro-rich peptide was found in close association with platelets. Relesate from &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;–activated platelets promoted binding of the His/Pro-rich domain of HRG to endothelial cells, an effect mediated by Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;. Previous studies have shown that zinc-dependent binding of the His/Pro-rich domain of HRG to heparan sulfate on endothelial cells is required for inhibition of angiogenesis. We describe a novel mechanism to increase the local concentration and activity of an angiogenesis inhibitor, which may reflect a host response to counteract angiogenesis during pathologic conditions. Our finding that tumor angiogenesis is elevated in HRG-deficient mice supports this conclusion. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(11):1792–802)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Surface charge distribution on DC basin-type insulator (2019)

Surface charge accumulation on insulators is one of the bottlenecks for the development of DC electric power system. This paper studies a ±200 kV DC basin-type insulator designed for GIL (Gas-insulated Transmission Line). A surface charge measurement device is made consisting of a 3-dimension, 4-axes manipulating device, a HV shielding conductor installation system and data acquisition system. A new scaling method of the probe with an inversion algorithm using Cholesky decomposition method is proposed to obtain charge density distribution. The dynamic process of surface charge accumulation and dissipation are studied under DC voltages with different polarities, amplitudes and time durations. Charge distributions are obtained and theoretically analyzed. A novel gas-side normal electric field model is proposed for regular charge distribution and methods of suppressing surface charge are suggested, including a recommended ratio of surface and volume electric conductivity of the insulator at 1~10, structure design, and direct fluorination of the surface.
Epoxidation of polyesters of tetrahydrophthalic acid and unsaturated alkyd resins (1957)

Summary New polyepoxides are reported which are epoxidation products of unsaturated polyesters. These polyepoxides are unique in that they may be formulated to have a large number of epoxide groups per molecule; 10 or more may be practically obtained. An in situ process for the formation of peracetic acid, using dehydrated cation exchange resin of the styrene‐divinyl benzene sulfonic acid type, has been described for the efficient epoxisation of the unsaturated polyesters reported. A dehydrated strong base anion exchange resin will remove free acid, the major impurity resulting from the peracid epoxidation reaction, without contaminating the polyepoxide polyester with appreciable water and without appreciable loss in epoxide content during the purification. Alternatively co‐distillation of the free acid with aromatic solvent in vacuo may be used as a method of purification but with some loss in epoxide content. These techniques are desirable in preparations of compositions of the type described wherein the usual washing techniques cannot be employed.
Red and yellow solvates of chloro(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)platinum(II) chloride and Pt...Pt interactions (2006)

Crystallization of chloro­(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)platinum(II) chloride from dimethyl sulfoxide yields a red polymorph, [PtCl(C15H11N3)]Cl·C2H6OS, (I), which exhibits stacking along the a axis through pairs of Pt⋯Pt(−x, −y, −z) inter­actions of 3.3155 (8) Å. The cations are further associated through close Pt⋯Pt(1 − x, −y, −z) distances of 3.4360 (8) Å. Recrystallization from water gives a mero­hedrally twinned yellow–orange dihydrate form, [PtCl(C15H11N3)]Cl·2H2O, (II), with pairwise short Pt⋯Pt(1 − x, 2 − y, −z) contacts of 3.3903 (5) Å but no long-range stacking through the crystals. Inter­pair Pt⋯Pt(−x, 2 − y, −z) distances between cation pairs in the hydrate are 4.3269 (5) Å.
Is surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy feasible for elderly patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> Background The benefit and safety of pancreas resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for elderly patients, especially after preoperative adjuvant therapy, is still unknown. This study attempted to evaluate perioperative and long-term outcomes after pancreas resection in elderly patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to detect the potential impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods One hundred and thirty-four consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between March 2008 and February 2018 at our institution were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: patients older than or equal to 75 years (the elderly group, n=46) and those younger than 75 years (the younger group, n= 88). Results There were no significant differences both in overall survival and relapse free survival between the two groups (P=0.270, P=0.699). Although the induction rate of adjuvant chemotherapy was not significantly different (P=0.458), the completion rate was significantly lower in elderly group than that in younger group (35% and 56%; P=0.022). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was performed for 82 patients (61%), and the induction and completion rates were not significantly different (P=0.668, P=0.794) between the two groups. The elderly patients with completion of adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly better overall survival than those without it (P=0.032). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy did not significantly affect overall survival in elderly patients, however, there was a trend toward longer overall survival in patients who had neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=0.072). Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could be introduced and completed even for elderly patients without serious complications and might lead to improved prognosis for those who are difficult to complete postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Wide-area cooperative storage with CFS (2001)

The Cooperative File System (CFS) is a new peer-to-peer read-only storage system that provides provable guarantees for the efficiency, robustness, and load-balance of file storage and retrieval. CFS does this with a completely decentralized architecture that can scale to large systems. CFS servers provide a distributed hash table (DHash) for block storage. CFS clients interpret DHash blocks as a file system. DHash distributes and caches blocks at a fine granularity to achieve load balance, uses replication for robustness, and decreases latency with server selection. DHash finds blocks using the Chord location protocol, which operates in time logarithmic in the number of servers.CFS is implemented using the SFS file system toolkit and runs on Linux, OpenBSD, and FreeBSD. Experience on a globally deployed prototype shows that CFS delivers data to clients as fast as FTP. Controlled tests show that CFS is scalable: with 4,096 servers, looking up a block of data involves contacting only seven servers. The tests also demonstrate nearly perfect robustness and unimpaired performance even when as many as half the servers fail.
Transcriptional Analysis of Chromatin Assembled with Purified ACF and dNAP1 Reveals That Acetyl-CoA Is Required for Preinitiation Complex Assembly (2000)

To investigate the role of chromatin structure in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, we developed a chromatin transcription system in which periodic nucleosome arrays are assembled with purified recombinant ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF), purified recombinant nucleosome assembly protein 1 (dNAP1), purified native core histones, plasmid DNA, and ATP. With this chromatin, we observed robust activation of transcription with three different transcription factor sets (nuclear factor κB p65 + Sp1, estrogen receptor, and Gal4-VP16) added either before or after chromatin assembly. In fact, the efficiency of activated transcription from the ACF + dNAP1-assembled chromatin was observed to be comparable with that from naked DNA templates or chromatin assembled with a crude<i>Drosophila</i> extract (S190). With ACF + dNAP1-assembled chromatin, we found that transcriptional activation is dependent upon acetyl-CoA. This effect was not seen with naked DNA templates or with crude S190-assembled chromatin. We further determined that acetyl-CoA is required at the time of preinitiation complex assembly but not during assembly of the chromatin template. These findings suggest that there is at least one key acetylation event that is needed to assemble a functional transcription preinitiation complex with a chromatin template.
Glypican-4 Enhances Insulin Signaling via Interaction With the Insulin Receptor and Serves as a Novel Adipokine (2012)

Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. We previously identified the cell surface proteoglycan glypican-4 as differentially expressed in subcutaneous versus visceral white fat depots. Here we show that glypican-4 is released from cells and adipose tissue explants of mice, and that circulating glypican-4 levels correlate with BMI and insulin sensitivity in humans. Furthermore, glypican-4 interacts with the insulin receptor, enhances insulin receptor signaling, and enhances adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, depletion of glypican-4 results in reduced activation of the insulin receptor and prevents adipocyte differentiation in vitro by inhibiting insulin-mediated C/EBPβ phosphorylation. These functions of glypican-4 are independent of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchorage, as a nonmembrane-bound mutant of glypican-4 phenocopies the effects of native glypican-4 overexpression. In summary, glypican-4 is a novel circulating insulin sensitizing adipose-derived factor that, unlike other insulin sensitizers, acts directly on the insulin receptor to enhance signaling.
Action-reaction learning : analysis and synthesis of human behaviour (1998)

I propose Action-Reaction Learning as an approach for analyzing and synthesizing human behaviour. This paradigm uncovers causal mappings between past and future events or between an action and its reaction by observing time sequences. I apply this method to analyze human interaction and to subsequently synthesize human behaviour. Using a time series of perceptual measurements, a system automatically uncovers a mapping between past gestures from one human participant (an action) and a subsequent gesture (a reaction) from another participant. A probabilistic model is trained from data of the human interaction using a novel estimation technique, Conditional Expectation Maximization (CEM). The estimation uses general bounding and maximization to find the maximum conditional likelihood solution. The learning system drives a graphical interactive character which probabilistically predicts the most likely response to a user&amp;apos;s behaviour and performs it interactively. Thus, after analyzing human interaction in a pair of participants, the system is able to replace one of them and interact with a single remaining user.
Knowledge acquisition from input-output data by fuzzy-neural systems (2002)

We attempt to model the operation of a nonlinear system with a set of input-output data. First, we use the method of fuzzy partitions to cluster the data into several groups and give each group a fuzzy rule to describe the distribution of associated data. A rough fuzzy rule based model can be constructed by combining these generated rules. Next, for the purpose of higher precision, we use a fuzzy-neural network to improve the rules obtained previously by tuning the shapes of membership functions. We adopt the trapezoidal membership functions instead of Gaussian ones as proposed by Lin et al. (1997), and show that the trapezoidal model is better than the Gaussian one. Finally, we can easily extract the improved rules from the network to give more precise inference of the fuzzy rule based model. There are two advantages of this method: 1) the fuzzy-neural network can be trained rapidly; and 2) one can extract symbolic rules from the numerical weights of the fuzzy-neural network. Such a method is very simple and the simulated results are satisfactory.
Adenoviruses as Gene-Delivery Vehicles (1996)

For gene therapy to realize its clinical potential, there must be efficient and safe strategies of delivering therapeutic genes to somatic cells in vivo. Perhaps this problem simply represents a special case of drug delivery in which the therapeutic gene constitutes the drug. But the relevance of traditional drug development to technological developments in gene therapy is questionable. Recombinant genes that can independently express a therapeutic RNA or protein are extraordinarily large and polar molecules — 10,000 times larger than traditional pharmaceutical agents. Moreover, the administration of genes as therapy requires vehicles —so-called vectors — that encapsulate the gene and . . .
Adaptive laser resonator control with deformable MOEMS mirrors (2006)

Adaptive laser resonators with deformable MOEMS mirrors under closed-loop control are discussed and experimental results are presented. The requirements for deformable mirrors and for closed-loop control systems of these mirrors are analyzed. Several deformable mirrors have been characterized and the results are presented. Currently available membrane mirrors deform under laser load and need further development before they can be used for aberration correction of solid state lasers above some tens of Watts. Nevertheless, the results are encouraging and the requirements are within reach of currently available technology. Finally, we demonstrate an Nd.YVO<sub>4</sub>-laser with a closed-loop adaptive resonator and more than 6 W of output power. The closed-loop system was able to compensate artificially introduced aberrations from a phase plate.
Mapping of six epitopes on haemocyanin subunit Aa6 by immunoelectron microscopy (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the haemocyanin of the scorpion Androctonus australis were raised in order to map antigenic determinants (epitopes). The method of mapping employed in this study is molecular immunoelectron microscopy. It consists of a direct electron microscopic observation of antigenic molecules labelled with monoclonal antibodies. The epitopes are then localized in a small region of the external surface of the antigenic molecule whose architecture and quaternary structure are well known. Six monoclonal antibodies have been selected and epitopes have been circumscribed within a small area of one subunit among the 24 subunits composing the whole antigenic molecule.
Economic and Market Analysis of CO2 Utilization Technologies – Focus on CO2 derived from North Dakota lignite (2013)

Based on information obtained about the technical aspects of the technologies, several challenges are expected to be faced by any potential CO2 utilization technologies intended for North Dakota lignite plants. The weather, alkaline content of lignite fly ash, and space limitations in the immediate vicinity of existing power plants are challenging hurdles to overcome. Currently, no CO2 utilization option is ready for implementation or integration with North Dakota power plants. Mineralization technologies suffer from the lack of a well-defined product and insufficient alkalinity in lignite fly ash. Algae and microalgae technologies are not economically feasible and will have weather- related challenges.
Molecular Network Development of a Thermosetting Epoxy-Amine Polymer (2012)

i ABSTRACT MOLECULAR NETWORK DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMOSETTING EPOXY-AMINE POLYMER by Christopher Michael Sahagun May 2012 Epoxy-amine resins find wide application as the matrix material of high performance polymer composites due to their favorable mechanical properties, thermal properties and solvent stability. These properties are derived from the complicated, highly crosslinked molecular network that is characteristic of these thermoset polymers. The connectivity of the molecular network has a strong influence on the physical performance of the finished part. Non-homogeneity in the network structure can degrade these favorable properties through the introduction of low-energy pathways for solvent penetration or fracture propagation. This work examines nanoscale variation in the crosslink density of the epoxy-amine network. Specific attention is paid to the influence of cure temperature on the network-building reaction and the subsequent effect on the architecture of the crosslinked molecular network. Thermal, rheological and spectroscopic techniques are used to monitor key chemical and structural changes during network growth. Atomic force microscopy is used to understand nanoscale fracture behavior in terms of the low energy pathways that result from a non-homogeneous distribution of crosslink density. The influence of processing-induced changes in molecular connectivity is discussed in terms of observed nanoscale morphology and fracture properties of the cured material.
Q switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with GaAs (1996)

We investigated the properties of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser that is passively Q switched by a thin, singlecrystal GaAs wafer. At 3 W of incident pump power, the laser produced stable 7-ns pulses with 20 microJ of energy at a 6-kHz repetition rate. For pump powers up to 2.2 W, which resulted in 13.2-microJ pulses, the output mode was TEM(00). The shortest pulses that we observed were 3 ns in duration. In addition to saturable absorption, we find that two-photon absorption and free-carrier effects determine pulse formation.
Fine Pore Aeration Technology (1989)

This paper presents a summary of the work performed to date under a USEPA grant to develop a substantial data base on fine pore aeration technology. Fine bubble aeration systems have generally proven to be an excellent technology resulting in significant cost savings to municipalities. Although transfer efficiencies are not as high in process waters as perhaps earlier anticipated, fouling does not appear to be a serious problem in the majority of municipal facilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Considered as Reagent and Synthetic Methods. Part 68. An Extension of Barret′s Procedure for the Preparation of Potentially Valuable Carbapenem Intermediates. (1988)

Abstract The acetoxyazetidonones (I) are coupled with the silyl enol ethers (II) to give the ketones (III).
Simultaneous determination of temozolomide acid and its hexyl ester in plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to the first pharmacokinetic study of temozolomide hexyl ester in rats (2014)

Temozolomide acid (TMZA) is a metabolite of temozolomide (TMZ) with demonstrable anticancer activity in vitro. As a part of preclinical development, its hexyl ester (TMZE) has been synthesized for a potential topical delivery system. In this study, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneously determining TMZE and TMZA in rat plasma was developed and applied to a pharmacokinetic study after intravaginal administration of a suppository (0.3 g) containing TMZE (30 mg). The assay involved sample preparation by liquid–liquid extraction from acidified plasma followed by reversed phase chromatography and detection by electrospray positive ionization followed by multiple reaction monitoring. The lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng mL−1 for both analytes. In the pharmacokinetic study, TMZE could not be detected in plasma whereas TMZA appeared rapidly and was slowly eliminated with an elimination half-life of 5.6 h. In all, the assay strategy could be further applied in the study of other TMZE and TMZA formulations for the treatment of cancer.
A New Approach to Reduce DC-Bus Capacitance in Regenerative CHB Motor Drives (2023)

The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters with diode-front-end (DFE) structure have been widely adopted in non-regenerative high-power medium-voltage motor drives. In order to allow regenerative capability, the diode-front end (DFE) in each power cell can be replaced by an IGBT-based active-front-end (AFE) operating as a PWM rectifier. Due to the inherent instantaneous power unbalance in the AFE-based CHB power cells, the DC-bus capacitance needs to be increased to reduce DC-bus voltage ripples. To reduce the DC-bus capacitance, control degrees of freedom provided by the PWM rectifiers can be exploited to mitigate the DC-bus voltage ripples. This paper proposes a new controller for regenerative CHB converters to perform DC-bus voltage control and ripple mitigation while maintaining high dynamic performance and canceling low order harmonics at the grid side to meet the grid standards. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated experimentally on a seven-level regenerative CHB drive.
Protein disorder prediction at multiple levels of sensitivity and specificity (2008)

The evaluation and extension of DISpro make it a more valuable and useful tool for structural and functional genomics.
An Evaluation of the Asynchronous Island Parallel GA (1999)

There are two typical problems in Genetic Algorithms (GAs). First, GAs require huge calculation time for the genetic operations, such as selection, crossover, mutation, and individuals' fitness evaluations. Secondly, maintenance of the diversity of the population is necessary to avoid the premature convergence which spreads local optimum solution and stagnates the evolution. Island Parallel GAs divide a population into subpopulations and assign them to processing elements on a parallel computer in order to improve the processing speed. Each subpopulation searches for the optimal solution independently, and exchanges individuals periodically in order to maintain the diversity of each subpopulation. This exchange operation is called migration. In this research, we propose a new migration scheme. Individuals are exchanged among subpopulations asynchronously according to each subpopulation's search situation. The effect of the new migration scheme on the combinational optimization problems was verified by applying our algorithm to Knapsack Problems and Royal Road Functions using a parallel computer CRAY-T3E. Through these experiments, the following results were obtained. The migration scheme proposed in this research is effective for the combinational optimization problems. Especially, when our algorithm is applyed to the problem which has strong tendency of building block hypothesis, our algorithm performs effectively by the parallel search of the building blocks.