gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N–H Activation by Rh(I) via Metal–Ligand Cooperation (2012)

In continuation of our studies on bond activation and catalysis by pincer complexes, based on metal–ligand cooperation, we present here a rare example of amine N–H activation by Rh(I) complexes. The novel dearomatized pincer complexes [(PNN*)RhL′] (PNN = 2-(CH2-PtBu2)-6-(CH2-NEt2)C5H3N, PNN* = deprotonated PNN, L′ = N2 (5), C2H4 (6)) and [(iPrPNP*)RhL′] (iPrPNP = 2,6-(CH2-PiPr2)2C5H3N, iPrPNP* = deprotonated iPrPNP, L′ = C2H4 (7), cyclooctene (9)) were prepared and fully characterized by NMR and X-ray analysis. Complexes 5–7 and 9 undergo facile N–H activation of anilines involving aromatization of the pincer ligand without a change in the formal oxidation state of the metal center to form stable anilide complexes [(PNN)Rh(NHAr)] and [(iPrPNP)Rh(NHAr)] (Ar = C6H5, o-Br-C6H4, m-Cl-p-Cl-C6H3, p-NO2-C6H4). Anilines possessing electron-withdrawing groups accelerate the N–H activation and yield more stable anilide complexes. The pincer and the ancillary ligands also affect the activation rate, which supports an associative mechanism. Spin saturation transfer experiments show chemical exchange between the pyridylic arm of the pincer ligand and the NH– protons of anilines prior to and after the N–H activation. The reverse N–H formation by metal–ligand cooperation from the anilide complexes was observed to give free anilines and dearomatized Rh(I) complexes upon addition of CO or PEt3. Deprotonation of complexes [(PNL)Rh(p-NO2-NH2C6H4)] (13, P = PtBu2, L = NEt2; 15, P = L = PiPr2) yields the dearomatized anionic complexes [(PNL*)Rh(p-NO2-NH2C6H4)]. An associative mechanism, involving N–H activation of an apically coordinated aniline in a pentacoordinated Rh(I) complex, is suggested.
The Synthesis of Blood Group Antigenic A Trisaccharide and Its Biotinylated Derivative (2021)

Blood group antigenic A trisaccharide represents the terminal residue of all A blood group antigens and plays a key role in blood cell recognition and blood group compatibility. Herein, we describe the synthesis of the spacered A trisaccharide by means of an assembly scheme that employs in its most complex step the recently proposed glycosyl donor of the 2-azido-2-deoxy-selenogalactoside type, bearing stereocontrolling 3-O-benzoyl and 4,6-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-protecting groups. Its application provided efficient and stereoselective formation of the required α-glycosylation product, which was then deprotected and subjected to spacer biotinylation to give both target products, which are in demand for biochemical studies.
Violence at work: the experience of general practice receptionists. (2006)

Receptionists act as intermediaries between the General Practitioner and the public, and are often involved in conflicts between the GP and a demanding patient. However there is a paucity of research in this area. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent of violence directed towards GP receptionists and to categorise the type, frequency and impact of such aggression in two health board areas. A postal questionnaire was designed, piloted and sent to 400 randomly selected receptionists in the former Northern Area Health Board and the Western Health Board. We found that 62% (n= 168) of receptionists experienced violence in the past. 99% (n=166) had experienced verbal abuse while 31% (n=52) had experienced threats of physical abuse. 6% (n= 10) experienced physical abuse. In most cases the perpetrator was the patient 98% (n= 160). 28% (n=75) of practices had a practice policy for dealing with violence while only 13% (n=34) of receptionists received education on dealing with violence. This study shows that violence is a major problem among GP receptionists in Ireland. Aggression during the day is a regular feature for a GP receptionist. There is a higher reporting of violence in the Northern Area Health Board compared to the Western Health Board. We suggest that further education, research and practice policy development is needed to help target this problem and improve the overall quality of healthcare.
HIV Infection Rates in a Trauma Center Treating Predominantly Rural Blunt Trauma Victims (1990)

SODERSTROM, C. A.; FURTH, P. A.; GLASSER, D.; DUNNING, R. W.; GROSECLOSE, S. L.; COWLEY, R. A. Author Information
The Impact of Hearing Protection on Sound Localization and Orienting Behavior (2005)

The effect of hearing protection devices (HPDs) on sound localization was examined in the context of an auditory-cued visual search task. Participants were required to locate and identify a visual target in a field of 5, 20, or 50 visual distractors randomly distributed on the interior surface of a sphere. Four HPD conditions were examined: earplugs, earmuffs, both earplugs and earmuffs simultaneously (double hearing protection), and no hearing protection. In addition, there was a control condition in which no auditory cue was provided. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant main effects of HPD for both search time and head motion data (p < .05), indicating that the degree to which localization is disrupted by HPDs varies with the type of device worn. When both earplugs and earmuffs are worn simultaneously, search times and head motion are more similar to those found when no auditory cue is provided than when either earplugs or earmuffs alone are worn, suggesting that sound localization cues are so severely disrupted by double hearing protection the listener can recover little or no information regarding the direction of sound source origin. Potential applications of this research include high-noise military, aerospace, and industrial settings in which HPDs are necessary but wearing double protection may compromise safety and/or performance.
Cp2TiCl-Mediated Selective Reduction of α,β-Epoxy Ketones (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCp2TiCl-Mediated Selective Reduction of α,β-Epoxy KetonesChristophe Hardouin, Floris Chevallier, Bernard Rousseau, and Eric DorisView Author Information CEA/Saclay, Service des Molécules Marquées, Bât. 547, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 3, 1046–1048Publication Date (Web):January 11, 2001Publication History Received13 September 2000Published online11 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo001358ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo001358gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2048Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ethers,Ketones,Reaction mechanisms,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Resolution of a Metastable Racemic Compound of Anhydrous Phencyphos by Hydrate Formation (2021)

The resolution of 2-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan 2-oxide (phencyphos) was achieved by dissolution of anhydrous racemic phencyphos, a racemic compound, accompanied by simultaneous secondary nucleation of the dissolved racemate on to enantiopure seeds of phencyphos hydrate, a conglomerate. The seeds were placed in separate compartments and the pure enantiomers could be conveniently collected from these compartments after the dissolution of the anhydrous racemate.
A New Type of Low Blood Flow ECCO2R Using a Hemodialysis System in Apneic States (1989)

To perform low blood flow extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R), the authors developed a device for extracorporeal circulation (ECC) equipped with a dialyzer for the elimination of CO2 as bicarbonate. The major problem with this method was the decrease in blood pH. To control blood pH and clarify the limit of CO2 elimination using this method, a study with apneic dogs was performed. Six anesthetized mongrel dogs were intubated and paralyzed with a muscle relaxant. Vascular access was achieved with a venovenous bypass. ECC was initiated under apneic oxygenation (100% O2, 10 cm H2O continuous airway pressure), and the CO2 concentration in the airway outlet was measured. The CO2 was converted to bicarbonate using systemic infusion of trihydroxy-methylamino methane (THAM), and the generated bicarbonate was removed by hemodialysis. Blood flow rate in the ECC was 15 ml/kg/min, and the duration of ECC was 5 hr. During ECC, the hemodynamic parameters of the dogs were stable, and the PaCO2 remained at about 90 mmHg with a PaO2 above 350 mmHg; CO2 elimination from the airway was negligible.
Histological and biochemical analysis of the fibrous tissue induced by implantation of synthetic ligament (Dacron): An experimental study in a rat model (1992)

We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the quality and true nature of the fibrous tissue formed around synthetic grafts when used in ligament replacement. In one group of Lewis rats, a patellar ligament was replaced with a Dacron prosthesis; the comparison group received a tail tendon isograft. Two-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 24-week comparisons showed histological and biochemical changes in the Dacron group alone that were consistent with foreign-body reaction. Specifically, the Dacron group showed infiltration by large numbers of macrophages and foreign-body, multinucleated giant cells. In addition, the capsule of fibrous tissue that developed around the Dacron ligaments was characterized by lower collagen solubility, a higher content of noncollagenous protein, and a higher proportion of type III collagen than that comprising the isografted tendons. The results of this study call into question the suitability of synthetics for ligament replacement.
Robust Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks against Adversarial Attacks (2022)

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years and achieved outstanding performance in many tasks. However, despite their wide use, there is currently no understanding of their robustness to adversarial attacks. In this work, we first systematically study the robustness of HGNNs and show that they can be easily fooled by adding the adversarial edge between the target node and large-degree node (i.e., hub). Furthermore, we show two key reasons for such vulnerability of HGNNs: one is perturbation enlargement effect, i.e., HGNNs, failing to encode transiting probability, will enlarge the effect of the adversarial hub in comparison of GCNs, and the other is soft attention mechanism, i.e., such mechanism assigns positive attention values to obviously unreliable neighbors. Based on the two facts, we propose a novel robust HGNN framework RoHe against topology adversarial attacks by equipping an attention purifier, which can prune malicious neighbors based on topology and feature. Specifically, to eliminate the perturbation enlargement, we introduce the metapath-based transiting probability as the prior criterion of the purifier, restraining the confidence of malicious neighbors from the adversarial hub. Then the purifier learns to mask out neighbors with low confidence, thus can effectively alleviate the negative effect of malicious neighbors in the soft attention mechanism. Extensive experiments on different benchmark datasets for multiple HGNNs are conducted, where the considerable improvement of HGNNs under adversarial attacks will demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of our defense framework.
Increase in SGLT1-mediated transport explains renal glucose reabsorption during genetic and pharmacological SGLT2 inhibition in euglycemia (2013)

In the kidney, the sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are thought to account for >90 and ∼3% of fractional glucose reabsorption (FGR), respectively. However, euglycemic humans treated with an SGLT2 inhibitor maintain an FGR of 40-50%, mimicking values in Sglt2 knockout mice. Here, we show that oral gavage with a selective SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) dose dependently increased urinary glucose excretion (UGE) in wild-type (WT) mice. The dose-response curve was shifted leftward and the maximum response doubled in Sglt1 knockout (Sglt1-/-) mice. Treatment in diet with the SGLT2-I for 3 wk maintained 1.5- to 2-fold higher urine glucose/creatinine ratios in Sglt1-/- vs. WT mice, associated with a temporarily greater reduction in blood glucose in Sglt1-/- vs. WT after 24 h (-33 vs. -11%). Subsequent inulin clearance studies under anesthesia revealed free plasma concentrations of the SGLT2-I (corresponding to early proximal concentration) close to the reported IC50 for SGLT2 in mice, which were associated with FGR of 64 ± 2% in WT and 17 ± 2% in Sglt1-/-. Additional intraperitoneal application of the SGLT2-I (maximum effective dose in metabolic cages) increased free plasma concentrations ∼10-fold and reduced FGR to 44 ± 3% in WT and to -1 ± 3% in Sglt1-/-. The absence of renal glucose reabsorption was confirmed in male and female Sglt1/Sglt2 double knockout mice. In conclusion, SGLT2 and SGLT1 account for renal glucose reabsorption in euglycemia, with 97 and 3% being reabsorbed by SGLT2 and SGLT1, respectively. When SGLT2 is fully inhibited by SGLT2-I, the increase in SGLT1-mediated glucose reabsorption explains why only 50-60% of filtered glucose is excreted.
A Fast-Warning Method of Financial Risk Behavior Based on BP Neural Network (2023)

With the speedy development of economy, there are many issues in business enterprise finance, and organization finance is going through large risks. With more and more complicated market environment, the uncertainty danger of business enterprise operation intensifies, and economic crises happen frequently. The monetary disaster of a company regularly shows that there can also be a complete crisis. Once the organization is deeply in economic crisis, it can also now not be capable to make certain the ordinary capital chain of the enterprise, and in serious cases, it may also have an effect on the sustainable operation of the agency or even make the employer bankrupt and liquidate. Therefore, we have to set up a best financial catastrophe early warning model to prevent and control the occurrence of economic disaster risk. BP neural network can, quite in shape nonlinear feature relationship, have true gaining knowledge of adaptability, excessive parallel computing and statistics processing ability. In view of the actual state of affairs of commercial enterprise, business enterprise and economic risk, the BP neural community algorithm is used to predict agency financial risk and a hazard prediction model in particular primarily based on BP neural community is established. The simulation consequences exhibit that the accuracy and correctness of economic hazard conduct early warning primarily based on BP neural network are 91.51% and 95.28%, respectively. It is proved that the fast-warning approach of economic threat that is conducted primarily based on BP neural network has excessively taken a look at the accuracy and robust cognizance ability.
A model for enhanced manufacturability of defect tolerant integrated circuits (2002)

Many factors contribute the the cost of manufacturing integrated circuits. These include the yield of the design IC, the complexity of its testing, the packaging cost, etc. and they all must be taken into account when designing a defect tolerant integrated circuit. The authors present a mathematical model which includes all major factors contributing to the cost of manufacturing ICs. This model allows the determination of the design which maximizes the expected profit rather than maximizing the yield. Numerical examples illustrating the proposed model are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth of InAsSb alloys on GaAs and Si substrates for uncooled infrared photodetector applications (1999)

In this paper, we report on the growth and characterization of InAsSb alloys on GaAs and Si substrates for uncooled infrared photodetector applications. The fabrication and characterization of photodetectors from the grown layers are also reported. The photovoltaic and photoconductive devices were grown on (100) GaAs and Si substrates, respectively, using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The composition of InAs<SUB>1-x</SUB>Sb<SUB>x</SUB> layers was 0.95 in both cases and cut-off wavelength of 7 - 8 micrometer has been obtained. At 300 K, the photovoltaic detectors on GaAs substrates resulted in a sharp cut-off wavelength of 7.5 micrometer with a peak responsivity as high as 0.32 V/W at 6.5 micrometer. For the photoconductive detectors on Si substrates, cut-off wavelength of 8 micrometer has been observed with a responsivity of 6.3 X 10<SUP>-2</SUP> V/W at 7 micrometer under an electric field of 420 V/m.
Identification of Robust Terminal-Area Routes in Convective Weather (2011)

Convective weather is responsible for large delays and widespread disruptions in the U.S. National Airspace System, especially during summer. Traffic flow management algorithms require reliable forecasts of route blockage to schedule and route traffic. This paper demonstrates how raw convective weather forecasts, which provide deterministic predictions of the vertically integrated liquid (the precipitation content in a column of airspace) can be translated into probabilistic forecasts of whether or not a terminal area route will be blocked. Given a flight route through the terminal area, we apply techniques from machine learning to determine the likelihood that the route will be open in actual weather. The likelihood is then used to optimize terminal-area operations by dynamically moving arrival and departure routes to maximize the expected capacity of the terminal area. Experiments using real weather scenarios on stormy days show that our algorithms recommend that a terminal-area route be modified 30% of the time, opening up 13% more available routes that were forecast to be blocked during these scenarios. The error rate is low, with only 5% of cases corresponding to a modified route being blocked in reality, whereas the original route is in fact open. In addition, for routes predicted to be open with probability 0.95 or greater by our method, 96% of these routes (on average over time horizon) are indeed open in the weather that materializes.
Methods, tools and standards for the analysis, evaluation and design of modern automotive architectures (2008)

Automotive systems are increasingly distributed and complex. Reduced time-to-market, cost and safety concerns require advance validation of the integrated systems and its components, from the functional, timing, and reliability standpoints. In particular, function correctness and performance may depend on communication and computation delays imposed by the selected architecture platform. Hence, the need for methods and tools capable of predicting the system-level timing behaviour (latencies and jitter), resulting from the HW platform selection, the synchronization between tasks and messages, and also from the synchronization and queuing policies of the middleware and RTOS levels. In this paper, we review methods and tools for the evaluation of the function performance and its timing correctness by simulation or by worst case static analysis.
Data Lineage in Malicious Environments (2015)

Intentional or unintentional leakage of confidential data is undoubtedly one of the most severe security threats that organizations face in the digital era. The threat now extends to our personal lives: a plethora of personal information is available to social networks and smartphone providers and is indirectly transferred to untrustworthy third party and fourth party applications. In this work, we present a generic data lineage framework Lime for data flow across multiple entities that take two characteristic, principal roles (i.e., owner and consumer). We define the exact security guarantees required by such a data lineage mechanism toward identification of a guilty entity, and identify the simplifying non-repudiation and honesty assumptions. We then develop and analyze a novel accountable data transfer protocol between two entities within a malicious environment by building upon oblivious transfer, robust watermarking, and signature primitives. Finally, we perform an experimental evaluation to demonstrate the practicality of our protocol and apply our framework to the important data leakage scenarios of data outsourcing and social networks. In general, we consider Lime, our lineage framework for data transfer, to be an key step towards achieving accountability by design.
Abstract 22: Systemic Nitrite (NO2-) Levels are Depleted in a Mouse Model of Asystolic Cardiac Arrest and Therapeutic Repletion Improves Survival and Functional Neurological Recovery (2007)

Nitrite (NO2) represents a circulating reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) that is reduced to NO during ischemia. In pre-clinical studies, NO2 therapy was cytoprotective following focal heart, brain and liver ischemia-reperfusion. We hypothesized that systemic NO2 is depleted during global ischemia (cardiac arrest) and its early repletion could protect the heart and brain from reperfusion injury. C57BL/6 mice were rendered asystolic using a KCl bolus. After 12 min of warm ischemia (36.5C), paired mice were randomized to IV nitrite (blinded) or saline placebo given just prior to epinephrine, mechanical ventilation and chest compressions. All mice received identical pre- and post-CPR care until euthanasia and had similar physiologic parameters. NO2-treated mice had improved survival 22 hours post-CPR compared to saline-treated controls (HR 2.75 [95% CI:1.1– 6.8]; Table 1 ). Deaths occurred 1– 6 h post-CPR and were associated with worsened cardiac ejection fraction 1.5h post-CPR. Neurologic function and thermoregulation were significantly improved in NO2-treated 22h survivors vs. paired controls. Cardiac arrest depleted whole blood and plasma NO2 (Table 2 ). NO2 therapy restored levels near pre-arrest baseline with associated improvements in post-CPR oxygenation, ventilation and pH, without altering metabolic acidosis. Intravenous NO2 as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine early in CPR shows promise in improving cardiac and neurologic outcomes in a mouse model of cardiac arrest. The ease of NO2 delivery (vs. hypothermia), its approval and known safety profile in humans and its efficacy against reperfusion injury after prolonged asystole make NO2 an excellent drug candidate. Survival, Cardiac and Neurologic Function After Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest Arterial Nitrite Levels and Blood Gases 5 minutes After Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest
Statistical significance of task related deep brain EEG dynamic changes in the time-frequency domain (2013)

We present an off-line analysis procedure for exploring brain activity recorded from intra-cerebral electroencephalographic data (SEEG). The objective is to determine the statistical differences between different types of stimulations in the time-frequency domain. The procedure is based on computing relative signal power change and subsequent statistical analysis. An example of characteristic statistically significant event-related de/synchronization (ERD/ERS) detected across different frequency bands following different oddball stimuli is presented. The method is used for off-line functional classification of different brain areas.