gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory hazard assessment of combined exposure to complete gasoline exhaust and respirable volcanic ash in a multicellular human lung model at the air-liquid interface (2018)

Communities resident in urban areas located near active volcanoes can experience volcanic ash exposures during, and following, an eruption, in addition to sustained exposures to high concentrations of anthropogenic air pollutants (e.g., vehicle exhaust emissions). Inhalation of anthropogenic pollution is known to cause the onset of, or exacerbate, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. It is further postulated similar exposure to volcanic ash can also affect such disease states. Understanding of the impact of combined exposure of volcanic ash and anthropogenic pollution to human health, however, remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess the biological impact of combined exposure to respirable volcanic ash (from Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV), Montserrat and Chaitén volcano (ChV), Chile; representing different magmatic compositions and eruption styles) and freshly-generated complete exhaust from a gasoline vehicle. A multicellular human lung model (an epithelial cell-layer composed of A549 alveolar type II-like cells complemented with human blood monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells cultured at the air-liquid interface) was exposed to diluted exhaust (1:10) continuously for 6 h, followed by immediate exposure to the ash as a dry powder (0.54 ± 0.19 μg/cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.39 ± 0.09 μg/cm<sup>2</sup> for SHV and ChV ash, respectively). After an 18 h incubation, cells were exposed again for 6 h to diluted exhaust, and a final 18 h incubation (at 37 °C and 5% CO<sub>2</sub>). Cell cultures were then assessed for cytotoxic, oxidative stress and (pro-)inflammatory responses. Results indicate that, at all tested (sub-lethal) concentrations, co-exposures with both ash samples induced no significant expression of genes associated with oxidative stress (HMOX1, NQO1) or production of (pro-)inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α) at the gene and protein levels. In summary, considering the employed experimental conditions, combined exposure of volcanic ash and gasoline vehicle exhaust has a limited short-term biological impact to an advanced lung cell in vitro model.
Outcome of using the histological pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule in Cushing disease (2009)

Because of their small size, adenomas can be challenging to identify in patients with Cushing disease. Use of the histological pseudocapsule of an adenoma allows accurate identification of the tumor and helps guide its complete excision. With this approach the overall remission rate is high and the rate of complications is low.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of Novel 2′,4′‐ or 3′,4′‐Doubly Branched Carbocyclic Nucleosides as Potential Antiviral Agents. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Abstract 5715: Monitoring immune cells-mediated cytolysis through impedance technology allows kinetic analysis of reagent efficacy (2018)

Abstract In vitro characterization of immunotherapy reagents efficacy and combination synergies is necessary before moving to expensive animal models and clinical studies. Current standard assays like Chromium-51 release, ATP-based luminescence cell monitoring or flow cytometry are difficult to implement in a high throughput environment and are based on end point methodologies that are unable to capture the full dynamic of the immune response. Here we validate an impedance-based platform for monitoring cytotoxic activity of immune cells in the context of cancer immunotherapy assays. The technology detects cell death and proliferation of adherent cells by measuring changes in conductance of microelectrodes embedded in 96 and 384-wells cell culture plates, without the use of labeling or cell modification. We present a large set of validation including CD19 Car T models, EpCAM/CD3 BiTE antibodies and checkpoint combination therapies with anti PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 antibodies. Data comparison with Annexin V staining/Flow Cytometry shows perfect correlation between the drop in impedance signal and % of apoptotic cells. Long time monitoring (&amp;gt; 7 days) in combination with low effector:target ratios reveal the occurrence of resistance mechanisms in target cells and exhaustion in effector cells. Such dynamic response has been observed in animal models and patient clinical trials, but it is difficult to monitor in short time assays. Overall, our results demonstrate the value of such label-free approach in measuring the cytotoxic response across the temporal scale, an aspect that is otherwise very difficult to assess with more canonical end point assays but that is highly relevant when testing combinations. Thanks to the availability of 384-wells format and minimal sample handling, the technology is ideally suited for applications in large reagent validation screening or therapeutic protocol validation directly on patient samples. Citation Format: Fabio Cerignoli, Biao Xi, Garret Guenther, Lincoln Muir, Brandon Lamarche, Jason Shields, Yama Abassi. Monitoring immune cells-mediated cytolysis through impedance technology allows kinetic analysis of reagent efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5715.
Sources, suppliers and property data (1997)

Manufacturers of foams produce data-sheets, listing their properties. We have assembled a database of available foams and their suppliers, and illustrate it here. The foams and their suppliers are cataloged in the Appendix 13 A, as Tables 13.A1 and 13.A2. The first lists foams by chemistry and trade name, attaching a manufacturer or supplier code to each. The second relates this code to a company, an address, and, where possible, a telephone and fax number. The contents of the tables are based on information obtained from suppliers in 1995. Products, of course, evolve and develop, and new manufacturers and materials appear, so a completely up-to-date compilation is not possible. But this catalogue gives a starting point.
New Applications of the Human Whole Blood Pyrogen Assay (PyroCheck). (1999)

The absence of pyrogens in injectable drugs is an indispensable safety control because contaminants causing fever pose a life-threatening risk to the patient resulting in the worst case in death by shock. When fever- inducing agents, i.e.pyrogens, come into contact with the immunocompetent cells in blood, these cells release mediators which transmit the fever signal to the thermoregulatory centre of the brain. The Phamocopoeia lists currently two test systems for pyrogenicity: 1. The in vivo rabbit pyrogen test which measures the fever reaction following injection of the sample to the animals. 2. The in vitro Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay (LAL) which measures the coagulation in a lysate prepared from the blood of the horseshoe crab specifically initiated by endotoxins, i.e. cell wall components from Gram-negative bacteria. The new test presented here (PyroCheck) exploits the reaction of monocytes/macrophages for the detection of pyrogens: human whole blood taken from healthy volunteers is incubated in the presence of the test sample in any form, be it a solution, a powder or even solid material. Pyrogenic contaminations initiate the release of the "endogenous pyrogen" Interleukin-1beta determined by ELISA after a fixed incubation time. The technology presently listed in the Pharmacopoeia is limited to parenteralia (rabbit test: biologicals and pharmaceuticals, LAL: predominantly pharmaceuticals). In the EU Medical Devices Directive from 1995 the rabbit pyrogen test for medical products is in some cases requested. (in some cases LAL of an eluate from the device). However, pyrogen-testing needs to cover also innovative high-tech products such as medical devices (implants, medical plastic materials, dialysis machines), cellular therapies and species-specific agents (e.g. recombinant proteins). Here we report that the human blood test PyroCheck is suitable for testing filters in air quality control as well as for assessing medical devices and biocompatibility (dialysate fluid), i.e. that it can be extended to a wide spectrum of applications.
Ride acceptance behaviour of ride-sourcing drivers (2022)

&lt;p&gt;The performance of ride-sourcing services such as Uber and Lyft is determined by the collective choices of individual drivers who are not only chauffeurs but private fleet providers. In such a context, ride-sourcing drivers are free to decide whether to accept or decline ride requests assigned by the ride-hailing platform. Drivers’ ride acceptance behaviour can significantly influence system performance in terms of riders’ waiting time (associated with the level of service), drivers’ occupation rate and idle time (related to drivers’ income), and platform revenue and reputation. Hence, it is of great importance to identify the underlying determinants of the ride acceptance behaviour of drivers. To this end, we collected a unique dataset from ride-sourcing drivers working in the United States and the Netherlands through a cross-sectional stated preference experiment designed based upon disparate information conveyed to the respondents. Using a choice modelling approach, we estimated the effects of various existing and hypothetical attributes influencing the ride acceptance choice. Employment status, experience level with the platform, and working shift are found to be the key individual-specific determinants. Part-time and beginning drivers who work on midweek days (Monday-Thursday) have a higher tendency to accept ride offers. Results also reveal that pickup time, which is the travel time between the driver's location and the rider's waiting spot, has a negative impact on ride acceptance. Moreover, the findings suggest that a guaranteed tip (i.e., the minimum amount of tip that is indicated upfront by the prospective rider, a feature that is currently not available) and an additional income due to surge pricing are valued noticeably higher than trip fare. The provided insights can be used to develop customised matching and pricing strategies to improve system efficiency. Since the study has been conducted during the COVID-19 crisis, the potential implications of the pandemic on ride acceptance behaviour have been examined using an Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) model. The results show that drivers with a higher sensitivity to the COVID-19 effects tend to have a lower acceptance rate.&lt;/p&gt;
p53 expression in colorectal adenomas. (1993)

To assess the expression of p53 in premalignant lesions, we examined by immunohistochemistry benign colorectal adenomas (n = 72, measuring more than 6 mm and less than 95 mm in diameter) from patients without (group I, n = 23) or with (group II, n = 49) concurrent sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Using a panel of three monoclonal antibodies (PAb 240, PAb 421, PAb 1801) and two polyclonal antibodies (CM1, C19) immunohistological staining was demonstrated in 26% of the cases (19 of 72 adenomas, 7 of 23 from group I and 12 of 49 from group II). In the majority of the cases, p53 positive foci in the adenomas occurred in the most dysplastic areas, although focal positivity was detected in glands that were histologically normal. Expression of p53 protein was also detected in 21 of 30 (70%) colorectal carcinomas of group II. In two cases focal positive staining was observed in the polyps but not in the concurrent carcinomas. Non-neoplastic colonic mucosa and stromal lymphoid cells were negative in all cases examined. Over-expression of p53 in neoplastic tissues detected by immunocytochemistry is generally believed to correlate with the presence of mutation in the gene. This may not be an absolute rule, because in some hemopoietic malignancies, there is evidence that p53 protein may be detectable in the absence of an underlying mutation. These findings therefore represent the highest incidence in colorectal adenomas of abnormalities in the p53 protein expression, probably largely due to underlying mutations. This study also suggests that immunocytochemical demonstration of p53 protein may be a suitable method for the routine detection of subpopulations of cells which, by clonal expansion, could acquire a growth advantage within an adenoma during the neoplastic process.
Computational analysis and eye movement experiments of white space in Chinese paintings (2015)

In this paper, we report a study examining the effect of white space on perceiving Chinese paintings. Our goal is to investigate whether white space in Chinese paintings is not simply a blank background space but actually meaningful for aesthetic perception. We applied a computational saliency model to analyze the influence of white space on viewers' visual information processing and conducted an eye movement study to confirm significance of white space. Specifically, we analyzed paintings of a well-known artist Wu Guanzhong, and we also collected users' subjective aesthetic rating. Our study results showed that white space is not just a silent background: it is intentionally designed to convey certain information and has a significant effect on viewers' aesthetic experience.
Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: 17th Volume (2014)

Description This STP contains the 40 peer-reviewed papers – two papers were named Kroll winners – that were presented at the 17th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry held in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India in 2013. A dominant theme in these papers is the role of hydrogen on the performance of zirconium alloy components. Issues discussed in this volume where performance was dominated by hydrogen included the following: • Failure of BWR fuel rods was attributed to the localization of hydrides following accelerated corrosion and subsequent cracking of the hydride lenses. Despite an extensive investigation, the cause of the accelerated corrosion was not definitively identified. • The growth of beta-quenched Zircaloy-2 BWR channels was driven late in life by accelerated hydrogen pickup that coincided with the dissolution of second phase particles. • As reorientation of hydrides plays an important role during dry storage, in-situ measurements were performed to gain new insights into the reorientation of hydrides in Zircaloy-4. • Delayed hydride cracking (DHC) growth rate of in-service Zr-2.5Nb CANDU pressure tubes was controlled by thermal and irradiation effects on the microstructure (e.g, decomposition and reconstitution of the beta phase controlling hydrogen diffusion to the crack tip). In addition to papers that highlight the impact of hydrogen, several papers focus on understanding the mechanisms of hydrogen ingress into the metal or understanding the interaction of hydrogen with point defects and dislocation loops in the matrix.
A Community Approach to Improved Prediction and Characterization of Coastal Storm Hazards (2006)

This paper discusses the value of a community approach to characterizing the coastal storm hazard, e.g., hurricane water levels and wave conditions, through field measurements, data analysis, and modeling. Value is illustrated using experiences and results from recent and ongoing projects. One example is recently completed work by the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET), which was commissioned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The IPET was charged with gathering the facts regarding performance of the hurricane protection system in Southeast Louisiana in response to Hurricane Katrina. A second example is ongoing work being lead by the Corps to design projects that can greatly reduce the likelihood and consequences of flooding for coastal Louisiana and Mississippi. These investigations are being closely coordinated with work of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to update flood insurance rate maps for the region. Findings and lessons learned are discussed, and challenges in making accurate surge and wave predictions are identified, including: 1) inaccuracy in coastal and estuarine wind fields, 2) specification of a wind drag law in shallow coastal areas, and 3) problems in treating nearshore wave set-up and coupling into surge models. A new Corps research program that is addressing many of these issues, also a community effort, is described as are results from early progress in selected problem areas. The paper presents advantages to developing open-source, community-based computer software for coastal storm wave and surge predictions, and some problems with today's over-reliance on proprietary software.
Exposure of fetuses to RF - Preliminary results assessed with different realistic 3D numerical models (2011)

International audience
Symptomatic Young Infants with Tetralogy of Fallot: One-stage versus Staged Repair (2010)

Early one-stage total repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be performed safely without increasing the risk for reoperation or reintervention, in the short term. The pulmonary annulus is likely to be preserved when it is repaired at an early age. Early total repair may be better for the pulmonary arterial growth than staged repair.
Dependence of the pullout behaviour of pedicle screws on the screw-hosting material relative deformability (2013)

Indications exist in literature that a screw’s pullout behaviour is among others influenced by the relative deformability of the screw and its hosting material. In addition it is known that the stress field developed in the vicinity of an orthopaedic implant significantly influences bone remodelling. In this context an experimentally validated finite element model of a screw and its hosting material was employed for the study of the pullout phenomenon. The results indicated that the stress distribution within the screw’s hosting material is strongly influenced by the ratio of the screw’s elastic modulus over the respective one of its hosting material. In addition it is concluded that an optimum value of this ratio exists for which the stresses are more uniformly distributed along the length of the screw improving this way the pullout behaviour, and therefore the overall mechanical response, of the ‘screw-hosting material’ complex.
Identification of virus-coded nonstructural polypeptides in bunyavirus-infected cells (1982)

Analyses of bunyavirus-infected cell extracts identified at least two virus-induced nonstructural polypeptides. With snowshoe hare (SSH), La Crosse (LAC), and six SSH-LAC reassortant viruses, it was shown that one of these nonstructural polypeptides (NSs, approximate molecular weight, 7.4 X 10(3)) is coded by the SSH small (S)-size viral RNA species. This nonstructural polypeptide was not detected (at least in the same relative abundancies) in LAC virus-infected cells or in cells infected with reassortants having LAC S RNA. For SSH virus, tryptic peptide analyses of either [3H]leucine- or [3H]arginine-labeled NSs indicated that it contains unique sequences not present in the SSH nucleocapsid (N) polypeptide (also coded by the S RNA; J. R. Gentsch and D. H. L. Bishop, J. Virol. 28:417-419, 1978). Analyses of SSH virus-infected cell extracts and extracts of cells infected with SSH-LAC reassortants having SSH medium (M)-size RNA species indicated that a nonstructural polypeptide (NSM; approximate molecular weight, 12 X 10(3)) is coded by the SSH M RNA species. In extracts of LAC virus-infected cells (or cells infected with SSH-LAC reassortants having LAC M RNA), a polypeptide with an electrophoretic mobility slightly faster than that of the SSH NSM polypeptide was observed (approximate molecular weight, 11 X 10(3)); it has been designated LAC NSM. The relationships of the NSM polypeptides to the other M RNA-coded polypeptides (G1 and G2; J. R. Gentsch and D. H. L. Bishop, J. Virol. 30;767-770, 1979) have not been determined. Two additional polypeptides present in both LAC- and SSH-infected cell extracts also appear to be virus induced (one with an approximate molecular weight of 10 X 10(3), p10; the other with an approximate molecular weight of 18 X 10(3), p18). Whether these polypeptides are virus coded has not been determined.
Involvement of the YIGSR sequence of laminin in protein tyrosine phosphorylation (1998)

We have examined the mechanism of signaling by the 67 kDa YIGSR binding protein of laminin and its properties in neuroblastoma cells. Ligand displacement analysis showed that the interaction with the C(YIGSR)3-NH2 peptide amide is of intermediate affinity (1.5 x 10[-7] M). Cross-linking experiments with sulfo-MBS detected an additional protein with a molecular mass of 116 kDa that binds the YIGSR sequence. Incubation of neuroblastoma cells with C(YIGSR)3-NH2 peptide amide or antibody directed against the 67 kDa laminin binding protein induces tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins with a molecular mass ranging from 115 to 130 kDa and another heterogeneous protein group of 32 kDa.
CD38: a new paradigm in lymphocyte activation and signal transduction (1998)

CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is extensively expressed on cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic lineage. Although the intracellular domain of CD38 is not homologous to any known proteins, the extracellular domain of CD38 is structurally related to enzymes in the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family. The structural homology between CD38 and the cyclase family members extends to functional homology, as the extracellular domain of CD38 can mediate the catalysis of beta-NAD+ into nicotinamide, ADP-ribose (ADPR) and, to a lesser extent, into cyclic ADPR-ribose (cADPR). Extensive investigation in other systems has shown that cADPR is an important regulator of intracellular Ca2+ release. Since engagement of CD38 on hematopoietic cells with anti-CD38 Abs has been shown to have potent effects on a number of in vitro cellular responses, we have speculated that cADPR might control CD38-mediated signal transduction. However, it has been difficult to understand how a mediator which is typically an intracellular signaling molecule could potentiate its effects from an extracellular location, thus posing a dilemma which pertains to all ecto-enzymes and the mechanisms by which they regulate signal transduction and cellular processes. This review describes the biologic properties of murine CD38, its role in humoral immunity, and its signal transduction properties in B lymphocytes. We suggest that signaling through CD38 represents a new paradigm in lymphocyte signal transduction and is predicated upon extracellular, rather than intracellular, crosstalk.
Socioeconomic and race/ethnic disparities in observed park quality (2016)

Patterns of association of neighborhood race/ethnicity and income with park qualities differed between regions. In the Seattle region, "equitable differences" were found, where lower income neighborhoods had better park quality on average. In the Baltimore region, park quality was more consistently negatively associated with income and race/ethnic diversity, and complex interactions of race/ethnicity by income were detected. These findings emphasize the need to explore other factors that may explain variations in park quality, like local policy, citizen involvement in park decision-making, park funding and allocation, sources of funding and park priorities.