gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Horizon sealed lead acid battery in electric vehicle application (2002)

Electrosource is now in production with an electric vehicle battery based on fundamental advances in materials design, manufacturing processes and well understood lead-acid electrochemistry. A production twelve-volt module has been independently tested at 44 Wh/kg, 300 W/kg and 280 DST cycles. Chrysler has chosen the Electrosource Horizon Battery for their EV Minivan that will be produced by 1998. The Horizon battery is being successfully tested in other markets, including SLI, UPS and portable power.
An improved key management scheme for large dynamic groups using one-way function trees (2003)

To achieve secure multicast communications, key management is one of the most critical problems that should be solved. So far, many multicast key management schemes have been proposed. In 1999, Balenson, McGrew, and Sherman proposed an efficient multicast key management scheme, the BMS scheme, based on one-way function trees. The number of broadcasts for a key updating operation is roughly proportional to the logarithm of group size. Recently, Horng showed that the BMS scheme is vulnerable to the collusion attack under a certain situation. In this paper, we further analyze the necessary conditions for mounting a collusion attack on the BMS scheme. Additionally, we describe an improved version of the BMS scheme. The improved scheme ensures none of the evictee and the new member can collude to get the group key that they should not know without incurring much additional computational overhead to the system.
Preparation and Characterization of the Argentates: Ag?P(CF3)2!2(-), Ag?(mu-P(CF3)2)M(CO)5!2(-) (M = Cr, W) and Ag?mu-P(C6F5)2)W(CO)5!2(-): X-Ray Crystal Structure of K(18-Crown-6)Ag?mu-P(CF3)2)Cr(CO)5!2 (2003)

The novel bis?bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphanido !argentate, Ag(P(CF3)2!2(-), is obtained via the reaction of HP(CF3)2 with Ag(CN)2(-) and isolated as its K(18-crown-6) salt. If the cyclic phosphane (PCF3)4 is reacted with a slight excess of K(18-crown-6)Ag?P(CF3)2!2 a selective insertion of one PCF3 unit into each silver phosphorus bond is observed, giving NMR spectroscopic evidence for the Ag?P(CF3)P(CF3)2!2(-) ion. On treatment of the phosphane complexes M(CO)5PH(CF3)2 (M= Cr, W) with K(18- crown-6)Ag(CN)2 the formation of the comparable trinuclear argentates, Ag?(mu P(CF3)2)M(CO)5!2(-) is achieved. The chromium compound K( 18-crown-6) Ag((mu P(CF3)2)Cr(CO)5!2 crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 2970.2(6) pm, b = 1584.5(3) pm, C = 1787.0(4), V = 8.410(3)cu nm, Z= 8. The C2 symmetric anion, Ag?(mu-P(CF3)2)Cr(CO)5!2(-), shows a nearly linear arrangement of the P-Ag-P unit and represents the first example of a structurally characterized perfluorinated phosphanido-metal complex. Although, the bis(pentafluorophenyl)phosphanido compound Ag?P(C6F5)2!2(-) could not be obtained so far, the synthesis of its trinuclear counterpart, K(18-crown-6) Ag ? (mu-P(C6F5)2)W(CO)5! 2! was successful.
Six Lignans from Phyllanthus myrtifolius (1996)

Six lignans comprising phyllamyricins D (1), E (2), and F (3) and phyllamyricosides A (4), B (5), and C (6) were isolated in a continuing study of Phyllanthus myrtifolius. Compounds 1 and 2 are 2a-methoxy-4-aryl-2,3-naphthalides. Compounds 3-6 belong to the 4-arylnaphthalene class, with compounds 4-6 being O-beta-glucosides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. Compound 4 increased the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by 65% at a concentration of 1.89 microM.
Optimized homomorphic unsharp masking for MR grayscale inhomogeneity correction (1998)

Grayscale inhomogeneities in magnetic resonance (MR) images confound quantitative analysis of these images. Homomorphic unsharp masking and its variations have been commonly used as a post-processing method to remove inhomogeneities in MR images. However, little data is available in the literature assessing the relative effectiveness of these algorithms to remove inhomogeneities, or describing how these algorithms can affect image data. In this study, we address these questions quantitatively using simulated images with artificially constructed and empirically measured bias fields. Our results show that mean-based filtering is consistently more effective than median-based algorithms for removing inhomogeneities in MR images, and that artifacts are frequently introduced into images at the most commonly used window sizes. Our results demonstrate dramatic improvement in the effectiveness of the algorithms with significantly larger windows than are commonly used.
P-TRANS: A Monte Carlo ray-tracing software to simulate phonon transport in arbitrary nanostructures (2022)

P-TRANS is a software to simulate phonon transport in arbitrary nanostructures based on the Boltzmann transport theory. The core part of the software is a Monte Carlo ray-tracing solver that uses the stochastic method to sample phonon transport in various nanostructures. The solver is written in FORTRAN with well-organized modules and utilizing the OpenMP and MPI parallelization to achieve high performance. The software can handle a typical calculation of nanostructures with a feature size of ∼1000 nm on a normal PC within seconds, which is useful when exploring the wide variety of structures, for instance for structural optimization or high-throughput screening in material informatics. The software takes the bulk phonon properties obtained from the first-principles anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations as inputs. The database of bulk phonon properties is available on the software webpage, which currently contains more than 60 materials and will increase in the future. We also provide a graphical user interface to design the nanostructures and to run the simulation for non-expert users. In this paper, we introduce the theoretical background, the technical details and implementation, and the applications of the software. Program title: P-TRANS CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/n76jpj3fnz.1 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/TEEL-UTokyo/P-TRANS Code Ocean capsule: https://codeocean.com/capsule/9387119 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: Fortran Supplementary material: http://www.phonon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/p-trans/ Nature of problem: Knowing the effective thermal conductivity of nanostructures is important for numerous applications. Phonons are the dominate heat carriers in dielectrics and their transport is influenced by the voids, grain boundaries, and free surfaces in the nanostructure. Here we are focusing on the effective thermal conductivities of nanostructures with complex geometries and boundaries. Solution method: Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations.
Face presentation attack detection across spectrum using time-frequency descriptors of maximal response in Laplacian scale-space (2016)

Multi-spectral face recognition has been an active area of research over the past few decades. However, the vulnerability of multi-spectral face recognition systems is a growing concern that argues the need for Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) (or countermeasure or anti-spoofing) schemes to successfully detect targeted attacks. In this work, we present a novel feature descriptor L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</inf> MT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> F that can effectively capture time-frequency features from the maximum response obtained on the high pass band image, which is obtained from the scale-space decomposition of the presented image. The proposed feature descriptor can effectively capture the micro-texture patterns that can be effectively used describe the variation from the presented image. We then propose a new framework using the proposed L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</inf> MT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> F features that process the input multi-spectral face image independently. These extracted features are then classified using a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) to obtain the binary decision. Finally, we carry out a decision fusion using the And rule to obtain the final decision. Extensive experiments are carried out on publicly available multi-spectral face datasets that have indicated the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Fast Scan-Chain Ordering for 3-D-IC Designs Under Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) Constraints (2012)

This brief addresses the problem of scan-chain ordering under a limited number of through-silicon vias (TSVs), and proposes a fast two-stage algorithm to compute a final order of scan flip-flops. To enable 3-D optimization, a greedy algorithm, multiple fragment heuristic, is modified and combined with a dynamic closest-pair data structure, FastPair, to derive a good initial solution in stage one. Stage two initiates two local refinement techniques, 3-D planarization and 3-D relaxation, to reduce the wire (and/or power) cost and to relax the number of TSVs in use to meet TSV constraints, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm results in comparable performance (in terms of wire cost only, power cost only, and both wire-and-power cost) to a genetic-algorithm method but runs two-order faster, which makes it practical for TSV-constrained scan-chain ordering for 3-D-IC designs.
Supplementary Data from Selective Inhibition of ADAM28 Suppresses Lung Carcinoma Cell Growth and Metastasis (2023)

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Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Applications to Advanced Concepts for Solar Photon Conversion to Electricity and Solar Fuels (2017)

There are several approaches to increase the theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells by using the high photon energies in the solar spectrum more efficiently or by recovering the energy of sub-bandgap photons. For the former, the multi-junction or tandem junction solar cell is the most successful approach which employs multiple p–n junctions of different bandgap (Eg) operating in tandem, where the Eg layers are designed to each absorb a different portion of the total incident sunlight. For an infinite number of junctions in the stack, the PCE reaches 66% at 1-sun intensity. Previous work demonstrates that high PCE is also possible in a single bandgap cell by utilizing the total excess kinetic energy of hot photogenerated carriers in several ways, such as where hot carriers are transported and collected at energy-selective contacts (max PCE = 66%), or by utilizing the excess energy of absorbed photons above the Eg to create additional electron-hole pairs and photocurrent (a process called Multiple Exciton Generation (MEG) in quantized semiconductors and impact ionization in bulk semiconductors.)
MŰKÖDŐ DEBRECZENI MAGYAR KIRÁLYI TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM ÉS TISZA ISTVÁN (2021)

A tanulmány a működését 1914-ben elkezdő Debreczeni Magyar Királyi Tudományegyetem és gróf Tisza István magyar politikus kapcsolatának feltűnően csekély számú és tartalmú dokumentumát mutatja be az egyetem működésének kezdetétől a politikus 1918. október 31-én bekövetkezett haláláig. Említi a négy éves időszak előtti és utáni kapcsolat releváns elemeit is.
P23 A three dimensional (3D) human in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) (2016)

Rationale The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the crucial frontier between the blood and the brain. It has been suggested a relationship between diabetes or stroke and a loss of BBB integrity, although the mechanisms of these BBB changes still unknown. This study aims to develop a novel in vitro BBB model to further investigate the function of the BBB in health and disease. Methodology The three main human primary cell types involved in BBB formation (endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes) were co-cultured using Kirkstall Quasi Vivo system. Tightness of the BBB and permeability were carried out by measuring both transendothelial resistance (TEER) and passage of sodium fluorescein and different molecular weight dextrans, respectively. Single and double Immunohistochemical localization of these tight junctions (zonula occludens, ZO1 and occludin) was also studied to prove the quality of the barrier. Results High TEER values were obtained and permeability of compounds was reduced when compared to control (without cells). Conclusion This system will allow us to explore specific interactions between the brain endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes that may regulate BBB morphology and function. Success of this model could lead to the development of new therapies for vascular and brain diseases We would like to acknowledge the support received by Innovate UK and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBRSC), as well as the collaboration of Kirkstall Ltd.
Effects of Beta-zone Peripapillary Atrophy and Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defects on Peripapillary Vessel Parameters in Young Myopic Eyes (2021)

Development of β-PPA and FLD, which is closely related with axial elongation in myopic eyes, was significantly associated with reduced OCTA vessel parameters in young myopic eyes. OCTA may help to detect vascular changes and assess glaucoma risk in these eyes.
Observer Based Adaptive Backstepping Velocity Controller for a Flexible Mechanism of a PMLSM (2005)

In the paper a nonlinear load control method is developed and implemented for a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). The purpose of the controller is to track a flexible load to the desired velocity reference as fast as possible and without awkward oscillation. The control method is based on an adaptive backstepping algorithm whose stability is analyzed by the Lyapunov stability theorem. The states of the system needed in the controller are estimated by using the Kalman filter. The proposed controller is implemented and tested in a linear motor test drive and responses are presented.
Comparative effectiveness of surgery and radiotherapy for survival of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: A population‑based coarsened exact matching retrospective cohort study (2020)

Radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are currently the main treatment options for localized prostate cancer. However, no large cohort study comparing surgery and radiation has been performed in Japan or Asia. The objective of the current study was to compare the survival outcomes of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and in elderly and young patients receiving surgery and radiotherapy. The survival outcomes of patients with localized prostate cancer (age at diagnosis ≤79 years, clinical T1-3) initially treated with surgery or radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected from the population-based cancer registry of the Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. A 1:1 coarsened exact matching of age at diagnosis, clinical T stage and cancer differentiation was performed between the two treatment groups. Patients were also categorized into two subgroups by age using a cutoff of 70 years for analysis. The cohort comprised 4,810 patients aged 50-79 years. No significant difference in cancer-specific survival (CSS) was observed between the two groups (P=0.612). However, the surgery group had significantly better overall survival (OS; P=0.004). When stratified for age, similar tendencies were observed in the elderly group (aged 70-79 years; CSS, P=0.961 and OS, P=0.007). No significant difference in either CSS or OS was identified in the younger group (P=0.550 and P=0.408, respectively). Intrinsic deaths were more likely to occur in elderly patients treated with radiotherapy than those undergoing surgery (69.3 vs. 78.2%; P=0.128). The results indicated that surgery provided significantly better OS than radiotherapy, particularly among the elderly. However, no significant difference was observed in CSS. These results should be interpreted with caution, given that some important factors were unavailable in the present study, such as prostate-specific antigen values and Gleason scores. Prospective trials evaluating these therapies are warranted.
2-Diazohistidinyl thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) A Photosensitive TRH Analog (1991)

We have synthesized a new thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analog, pGlu-2-diazo-His-Pro-NH2 5, which is a potential photoaffinity label for the TRH receptor. Its precursor, pGlu-2-amino-His-Pro-NH2 4, has been synthesized through successive coupling of a 2-aminohistidine derivative 1 with proline and pyroglutamic acid derivatives. Diazotization of the fully deprotected tripeptide 4 gave the photoactivatable TRH analog 5. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibit IC50 values of 2 and 8 microM respectively, to be compared to the 0.02 microM value for native TRH.
Ten years of research on electrostatics at the University of Grenoble 1942-1952 (1953)

The emphasis is on the practical development and application of electrostatic generators, rather than on theoretical considerations.
TiN@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Plasmon-Enhanced Photosensitizers for Photocatalysis (2020)

We demonstrate the effective generation of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) catalyzed by hot electrons obtained from the plasmon decay in TiN@TiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles at 700 nm excitation.
A Centralized Energy Management System for Isolated Microgrids (2014)

This paper presents the mathematical formulation of the microgrid's energy management problem and its implementation in a centralized Energy Management System (EMS) for isolated microgrids. Using the model predictive control technique, the optimal operation of the microgrid is determined using an extended horizon of evaluation and recourse, which allows a proper dispatch of the energy storage units. The energy management problem is decomposed into Unit Commitment (UC) and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems in order to avoid a mixed-integer non-linear formulation. The microgrid is modeled as a three-phase unbalanced system with presence of both dispatchable and non-dispatchable distributed generation. The proposed EMS is tested in an isolated microgrid based on a CIGRE medium-voltage benchmark system. Results justify the need for detailed three-phase models of the microgrid in order to properly account for voltage limits and procure reactive power support.
Optical parametric oscillators (review) (1977)

Fundamentals of the theory of the optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) are reviewed and formulas are presented for the calculation of the main OPO parameters (Secs. 1–6). Experimental results obtained in the development and investigation of various types of OPO and their applications are discussed (Sec. 7). Methods for extending the tuning ranges of OPO's (Sec. 8) and the possibility of realization of four-photon oscillators (Sec. 9) are considered. The review concludes with a comparison of various types of tunable laser (Sec. 10).
Optical Measurement of Paper Moisture Content with Application in Paper Pressing (2023)

Abstract We present a novel non-contact method for measuring the moisture content of paper. In the method, paper is illuminated obliquely by light from an IR LED, and the light reflected from the paper is imaged by a short-wave infrared (SWIR) camera. Owing to the high absorptivity of liquid water to light in the 1400-1500 nm wavelength range, the intensity of light reflected off the paper diminishes sharply with increasing moisture content. We show that for a variety of paper samples (Whatman paper, NBSK, NBHK, tissue paper) and moisture contents of up to 200%, there is a monotonic relationship between reflectivity and moisture content. This relationship is independent of the wood species used to make the paper, but does differ between wood-based papers and cotton-based papers. As this method applies an optical camera, the spatio-temporal distribution of moisture content in paper can be measured. The method was validated by separately measuring moisture content in paper gravimetrically for both uniform and non-uniform moisture distributions. The value of this measurement technique was demonstrated by measuring the moisture distribution in paper during a simulated pressing operation.
Ultrasonic NDE of thick polyurethane flexible riser stiffener material (2016)

Ultrasonic signals at frequencies below 1 MHz have been used for the NDE of thick polymer samples. Coded signals such as chirps and bipolar Golay codes, together with pulse compression and signal processing, have been used to penetrate into thick sections of attenuating polypropylene riser stiffener material, using piezocomposite transducers to provide the required bandwidth. It is shown that this approach can be used to detect manufacturing defects such as air bubbles in flexible riser stiffeners, which might compromise their performance in the offshore oil and gas environments.
FDG-PET/CT of schwannomas arising in the brachial plexus mimicking lymph node metastasis: report of two cases (2014)

Although schwannoma within an axillar or subclavicular lesion is relatively rare, brachial plexus schwannoma should be considered in the diagnosis of masses detected by FDG-PET/CT.
A low-voltage CMOS current squarer circuit (2006)

This paper presents a low-voltage current-mode CMOS squarer circuit. The low voltage operation can be achieved by the simple circuit design of the simple CMOS current mirrors and voltage shifting circuit. The realization method uses the MOS square-law technique in saturation region and require only V/sub Th/+2V/sub DS/. Simulation results show that the proposed circuit works well at supply voltage of 1V for a 0.5 /spl mu/m technology.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on Qnexa (2011)

Qnexa (VI-0521) is an investigational fixed-dose combination drug of phentermine and topiramate currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of obesity. Vivus, Inc. has demonstrated efficacy of their product and are currently addressing FDA safety concerns with the possibility of a New Drug Application (NDA) resubmission.
A ternary content addressable search engine (1989)

The design, implementation, and experimental results for a ternary content addressable search engine chip, known as the Database Accelerator (DBA), are discussed. The DBA chip architecture is presented. It is well suited to serve as a coprocessor for a variety of logic search applications. The core of the DBA system is composed of novel high-density content addressable memory (CAM) cells capable of storing three states. The design of these cells and their support circuitry are described. The CAM cell and support circuitry were fabricated and their operation confirmed. The circuit implementation of the DMA data path is described with particular emphasis on the optimization of the multiple response resolver. The timing and control methodology, which simultaneously satisfies the complexity, speed, and robustness requirements of the DBA chip, are reported. Experimental DBA chip results that verify the full functionality and testability of the design are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>