gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusarium culmorum produces NX-2 toxin simultaneously with deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol or nivalenol (submitted to Toxins) (2022)

Abstract Fusarium culmorum is a major pathogen of grain crops. Infected plants accumulate deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), or nivalenol (NIV), which are mycotox-ins of the trichothecene B group. These toxins are also produced by F. graminearum species complex. New trichothecenes structurally similar to trichothecenes B but lacking the carbonyl group on C-8, designated NX toxins, were recently discovered in atypical isolates of F. graminearum from North America. Only these isolates and a few strains of a yet to be characterized Fusarium species from South Africa are known to produce NX-2 and other NX toxins. Here we report that among 20 F. culmorum strains isolated from maize, wheat, and oat in Europe and Asia over a period of 70 years, 18 strains produced NX-2 simultaneously with 3-ADON and DON or NIV. Rice cultures of strains producing 3-ADON accumulated NX-2 in amounts corresponding to 2-8% of 3-ADON (1.2 - 36 mg/kg). A strain producing NIV accumulated NX-2 and NIV at comparable amounts (13.6 and 10.3 mg/kg, respectively). In F. graminearum , producers of NX-2 possess a special variant of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase encoded by TRI1 that is unable to oxidize C-8. In F. culmorum , producers and non-producers of NX-2 possess identical TRI1 ; the reason for the production of NX-2 is unknown. Our results indicate that production of NX-2 simultaneously with trichothecenes B is a common feature of F. culmorum . Key result Isolates of Fusarium culmorum obtained from different hosts at different locations over several dec-ades produced NX-2, which is a type A trichothecene structurally related to 3-ADON.
Optical and system performance of SPEXone, a multi-angle channeled spectropolarimeter for the NASA PACE mission (2021)

SPEXone is a multi-angle channeled spectropolarimeter that is developed by a Dutch consortium consisting of SRON and Airbus Defence and Space Netherlands with support from TNO. SPEXone will fly together with the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) and the Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter-2 (HARP-2) on the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, which has a notional launch in 2023. SPEXone will deliver high quality hyperspectral multi-angle radiance and polarization products that, together with products from OCI and HARP2, enable unprecedented aerosol and cloud characterization from space. SPEXone employs dual beam spectral polarization modulation, in which the state of linear polarization is encoded in a spectrum as a periodic variation of the intensity. This technique enables high polarimetric accuracies in operational environments, since it provides snapshot acquisition of both radiance and polarization without moving parts. SPEXone has five viewing angles that are realized using a novel three-mirror segmented telescope assembly. The telescope focuses light captured by the five viewing angles onto a single image plane consisting of five stacked sub-slits. This multi-slit forms the entrance slit of a reflective grating spectrometer that consists of freeform mirrors and an order-sorting filter close to the focal plane, yielding an intrinsic spectral resolution of 2 nm and 5.4 km spatial resolution across the 100 km swath. The spectrometer re-images two spectral images per viewing angle following a dual beam spectral polarization modulation implementation. In this contribution, the optical performance of the telescope and spectrometer will be presented by means of star stimulus measurements at the slit plane and at the spectrometer focal plane. Measurements of the optical spot quality and preliminary measurements of stray light are compared with the optical design and with stray light simulations. We find that the measured optical performance of the telescope and spectrometer is better than modelled, showing higher resolution and lower slit keystone, thereby meeting all spatial and spectral resolution requirements. Also, preliminary stray light results indicate a higher diffuse but lower ghost contribution to the total stray light, which is in general beneficial for implementing stray light correction, which will enhance the polarimetric accuracy in inhomogeneous scenes.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Determines Sensitivity to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor–Induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells (2006)

Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibit malignant cell growth and induce apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that the expression status of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein determines the relative sensitivity of colon cancer cells to HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis. HCA-7 cells (expressing wild-type beta-catenin and APC proteins) are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by HDAC inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid than SW620 or HT-29 cells (both expressing mutant APC). When wild-type APC protein was expressed using an inducible expression system, HT-29 cells became sensitive to apoptosis in response to VPA. Conversely, knocking down of endogenous APC protein by small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked VPA-induced apoptosis in HCA-7 cells. APC mediated VPA-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of survivin. The level of survivin protein decreased in HCA-7 and HT-29/APC cells, but not in SW620 and HT-29/beta-Gal cells after VPA treatment. Whereas knocking down of survivin by siRNA sensitized SW620 cells to VPA-induced apoptosis, overexpression of survivin blocked VPA-induced apoptosis in HCA-7 cells. Down-regulation of survivin transcription occurred through changes in GSK-3beta/beta-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling molecules. VPA also induced proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin protein in HCA-7 cells. Furthermore, we have shown that APC mutation-mediated resistance to apoptosis can be overcome by cotreatment with Flavopiridol, which promotes survivin degradation. These results suggest that APC is a critical determinant of HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells and survivin is a potential target to enhance apoptotic response to HDAC inhibitors.
Beckett et Lévinas (2019)

Cet article se propose de montrer que l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett et la pensée d’Emmanuel Levinas se rencontrent dans « l’au-delà de l’être », et comment la langue et la pensée continuent à fonctionner en dépit de leur incapacité. Cet argument se fonde sur les idées d’expression telles que « l’obligation d’exprimer » chez Beckett et « la responsabilité pour autrui » chez Levinas. En ce qui concerne la question de l’expression, l’espace et la respiration font particulièrement sens.
Block Copolymerization of Tetrahydrofuran and tert-Butyl Methacrylate. Polarity Inversion of Cationic Propagation Ends into Anionic Ones via Two-Electron Reduction by Samarium Iodide (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlock Copolymerization of Tetrahydrofuran and tert-Butyl Methacrylate. Polarity Inversion of Cationic Propagation Ends into Anionic Ones via Two-Electron Reduction by Samarium IodideRyoji Nomura, Mamiko Narita, and Takeshi EndoCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 17, 4853–4854Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00095a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00095a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 262: Circulating Exosomes from PAD Patients Modulate Vascular Repair and Inflammation (2018)

Objectives: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation. Recent work suggests that circulating exosomes may contribute to vascular injury and remodeling. We hypothesize that exosomes from PAD subjects negatively modulate vascular repair via miRNA and bioactive lipid mediators (LM). Methods: Exosomes (particle size 30-100nm) were isolated from plasma of healthy (n=6) and PAD (n=6) subjects. Exosome miRNA was isolated and assessed by qPCR. Targeted metabolo-lipidomics was performed by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. VSMC and EC migration were assessed via scratch assay. Monocyte-derived macrophage gene expression after exposure to exosomes was assessed via RT-qPCR. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, exosomes from PAD subjects contained lower levels of pro-angiogenic miR-126 and miR-210 (25.2±6.4 vs 8.3±1.7, p&lt;0.05 and 0.29±0.07 vs 0.08±0.02, p&lt;0.05, respectively). Exosomes contained arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentanoic acid, as well as both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving bioactive LMs and their pathway markers, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, resolvins (D- and E-series) and maresins. By principle component analysis, exosome LM profiles differed significantly between healthy and PAD subjects. Exosomes from PAD subjects increased VSMC migration (1.5±.09-fold vs 1.0±.09-fold wound closure, p&lt;0.005) and decreased EC migration (1.5±.04-fold vs. 1.8±.06-fold wound closure, p&lt;0.005) compared to healthy controls. Both PAD and healthy exosomes increased MDM expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α and MCP-1. Conclusion: Plasma-derived exosomes from PAD patients contain an altered profile of vascular-active miRNA and LMs and confer effects on VSMCs and ECs that may impair vessel remodeling. We describe the first known evidence that plasma exosomes contain pro-resolving LMs. Collectively these data suggest that circulating exosome-based signaling may modulate vascular inflammation and repair in PAD patients.
Coordinating Computation and I/O in Massively Parallel Sequence Search (2010)

With the explosive growth of genomic information, the searching of sequence databases has emerged as one of the most computation and data-intensive scientific applications. Our previous studies suggested that parallel genomic sequence-search possesses highly irregular computation and I/O patterns. Effectively addressing these runtime irregularities is thus the key to designing scalable sequence-search tools on massively parallel computers. While the computation scheduling for irregular scientific applications and the optimization of noncontiguous file accesses have been well-studied independently, little attention has been paid to the interplay between the two. In this paper, we systematically investigate the computation and I/O scheduling for data-intensive, irregular scientific applications within the context of genomic sequence search. Our study reveals that the lack of coordination between computation scheduling and I/O optimization could result in severe performance issues. We then propose an integrated scheduling approach that effectively improves sequence-search throughput by gracefully coordinating the dynamic load balancing of computation and high-performance noncontiguous I/O.
SELECTIVE TRANCUTANEOUS DELIVERY OF ENERGY TO FACIAL SUBDERMAL TISSUES USING THE ULTRASOUND THERAPY SYSTEM (2006)

Background/Objectives: The Ultrasound Therapy System is a novel modality capable of delivering controlled thermal ablative zones at various depths while sparing the overlying epidermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate how varying source conditions affected the depth of lesions within facial skin tissue. Design/Materials and Methods: Skin from five nonfixed, human cadaver heads was used in this experiment. Two probes were utilized: a 7.5MHz probe (3.0mm depth) and a 4.5MHz probe (5.0mm depth). Treatments were performed at four different exposure times, each at two unique power settings (energy 1–10 J). Skin was excised, examined grossly for thermal lesions using LDH stain, and then submitted for histopathology. Lesion depth was measured using image analysis software (Scion Image). Results: The Ultrasound Therapy System reliably delivered discrete, thermal coagulative lesions at the pre-set focus depths. Histologic images revealed no damage to deep structures including the parotid gland and facial nerve, as well as the overlying epidermis. Conclusion: The Ultrasound Therapy System is capable of accurately delivering controlled, thermal lesions at predictable depths within the facial soft tissues. Further study will allow us to understand the utility of this modality in treating the aging face.
Chronic progressive myelopathy: Investigation with CSF electrophoresis, evoked potentials, and CT scan (1979)

Chronic progressive myelopathy (CPM) is a difficult clinical problem. Many patients who present with CPM turn out to have a spinal form of multiple sclerosis (MS), but until there is clear lesion dissemination, a definite clinical diagnosis cannot be made. We have looked for MS-related abnormalities in 72 patients with CPM. The mean age of onset was 42 years, mean duration was ten years, and mean Kurtzke disability rating was 4.5. Studies performed were cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis for oligoclonal banding, pattern-reversal visual evoked responses, blink reflex latencies, and computerized axial tomography. Oligoclonal banding was found in 32 patients (44%), patterned visual evoked responses were abnormal in 32 (44%), and blink latencies were abnormal in 40 (56%). A least one of these studies was abnormal in 61 patients (85%) and at least two in 48 (66%). The CT scan was abnormal in 38 )53%), 36 with atrophy and 3 with low-density or enhancing lesions. These results suggest that at least 44% of patients with CPM may have MS that could be diagnosed by oligoclonal bands. Other physiological tests suggesting diffuse or disseminated disease bring the total to 85%. Only autopsy follow-up will tell us the exact diagnostic accuracy of these studies in this complex syndrome.
Antitumor plants. 12. Further sesquiterpenoid constituents of Lychnophora affinis Gardn. (Compositae). X-ray structure analysis of lychnophorolide A (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntitumor plants. 12. Further sesquiterpenoid constituents of Lychnophora affinis Gardn. (Compositae). X-ray structure analysis of lychnophorolide APhilip W. Le Quesne, Mary D. Menachery, Mary P. Pastore, Charles J. Kelley, Thomas F. Brennan, Kay D. Onan, Robert F. Raffauf, and Charles M. WeeksCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1519–1521Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Convergence in Law, Selection Theorems (2012)

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Metabolic activity in the areas of new fill-in after thallium-201 reinjection: comparison with positron emission tomography using fluorine-18-deoxyglucose. (1991)

Reinjection of thallium-201 after recording the 3-hr delayed scan often demonstrates improvement in areas of persistent abnormalities. To determine the metabolic activity of these areas, the changes seen on stress/redistribution/reinjection thallium SPECT were compared with PET using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in 18 patients with coronary artery disease. Of 48 segments showing no redistribution on the delayed scan, the reinjection scan identified new fill-in in 20 segments (42%), all of which demonstrated FDG uptake. In contrast, only 7 of the 28 segments (25%) showing no fill-in after reinjection were PET viable (p less than 0.01). Eleven patients had coronary bypass graft surgery after the radionuclide study. The majority of the segments showing redistribution (87%) and new fill-in after reinjection (65%) improved in wall motion, whereas only eight segments (25%) without new fill-in improved after surgery. Of those without new fill-in, two segments showing PET ischemia improved in wall motion, whereas the remaining six segments showing PET scar did not improve after surgery. Thus, the segments showing new fill-in after reinjection are PET viable myocardium. However, reinjection thallium imaging still underestimates the extent of tissue viability compared to PET imaging.
Role of autophagy in liver physiology and pathophysiology (2010)

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway by which bulk cytoplasm and superfluous or damaged organelles are enveloped by double membrane structures termed autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes for degradation of their contents, and the resulting amino acids can then recycle back to the cytosol. Autophagy is normally activated in response to nutrient deprivation and other stressors and occurs in all eukaryotes. In addition to maintaining energy and nutrient balance in the liver, it is now clear that autophagy plays a role in liver protein aggregates related diseases, hepatocyte cell death, steatohepatitis, hepatitis virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, I discuss the recent findings of autophagy with a focus on its role in liver pathophysiology.
Inflammation-Mediated Cytosine Damage: A Mechanistic Link between Inflammation and the Epigenetic Alterations in Human Cancers (2007)

Aberrant methylation patterns have long been known to exist in the promoter regions of key regulatory genes in the DNA of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms by which these methylation patterns become altered during the transformation of normal cells to tumor cells have remained elusive. We have recently shown in in vitro studies that inflammation-mediated halogenated cytosine damage products can mimic 5-methylcytosine in directing enzymatic DNA methylation and in enhancing the binding of methyl-binding proteins whereas certain oxidative damage products inhibit both. We have therefore proposed that cytosine damage products could potentially interfere with normal epigenetic control by altering DNA-protein interactions critical for gene regulation and the heritable transmission of methylation patterns. These inflammation-mediated cytosine damage products may provide, in some cases, a mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer.
Shifts in detail through temporal zooming (1999)

Spatio-temporal knowledge representation often requires shifting from one level of detail to another so that users can carry out a desired task. Geographic information systems typically treat such alterations in detail with respect to the geometric properties of objects. We extend the theories based on geometrical considerations only to an approach that focuses on shifts between levels of temporal detail. The approach is based on a model of change to identifiable objects and describes temporal zooming that involves expanding or collapsing the transitions between identity states of objects. This work offers promising new directions for spatio-temporal query languages.
Regulation of lysyl oxidase, collagen, and connective tissue growth factor by TGF-beta1 and detection in human gingiva. (1999)

Gingival overgrowth is characterized by excess extracellular matrix accumulation and elevated levels of cytokines, including transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). The functional relationships between altered cytokine levels and extracellular matrix accumulation have not been extensively investigated in gingival cells and tissues. Lysyl oxidase catalyzes the final known enzymatic step required for cross-linking collagen and elastin in the synthesis of a functional extracellular matrix. This study investigated the regulation by TGF-beta1 of lysyl oxidase and its collagen and elastin substrates in early passage human gingival fibroblasts. In addition, TGF-beta1 regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was assessed in human gingival cells and tissues. The results show that TGF-beta1 increases lysyl oxidase enzyme activity and mRNA levels for lysyl oxidase and alpha-1-type I collagen, but not elastin, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Maximal stimulation of lysyl oxidase activity and mRNA levels for both lysyl oxidase and collagen occurs after 48 hours of treatment of gingival fibroblastic cells with 400 pM of TGF-beta1. This study shows for the first time that CTGF mRNA and protein are strongly and rapidly induced by TGF-beta1 in human gingival fibroblasts. Exogenous addition of 1 to 50 ng/ml CTGF to gingival fibroblasts stimulates production of lysyl oxidase enzyme activity up to 1.5-fold after 48 hours, and 50 ng/ml CTGF stimulated insoluble collagen accumulation 1.5- to 2.0-fold after 4, 11, and 18 days of treatment. It is interesting to note that the addition of CTGF-blocking antibodies in the presence of TGF-beta did not block TGF-beta stimulation of collagen mRNA levels. Thus, although CTGF itself contributes to increased insoluble collagenous extracellular matrix accumulation, CTGF does not mediate all of the effects of TGF-beta1 on stimulation of collagen mRNA levels in human gingival fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry studies of gingival overgrowth tissue samples indicate for the first time detectable levels of CTGF protein in Dilantin-induced hyperplasia tissues also positive for TGF-beta1. CTGF was not found in TGF-beta1-negative samples. In addition, extracellular lysyl oxidase protein was detected in vivo. Taken together, these studies support mostly independent roles for TGF-beta1 and CTGF in stimulating collagenous extracellular matrix accumulation in human gingival fibroblasts and tissues.
Expression of Depressed Mood: A Comparative Study among Japanese and Canadian Aged People (1997)

The Canadian sample showed a higher average score in more items compared with the Japanese sample. This indicates that Canadian aged people express their depressed moods more clearly and spontaneously than Japanese aged people.