gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of aggregating ability in cells of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 grown under glucose‐limiting conditions in continuous culture (1982)

Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 grown under glucose-limiting conditions in continuous culture did not aggregate upon incubation in 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5--7 unless a metabolizable sugar was added. Aggregation started 45--60 min after the addition of glucose or sucrose whereas slowly metabolized sugars as galactose and lactose required several hours to cause aggregation. Active metabolism of the carbohydrate was a prerequisite for aggregation as indicated by acid formation. Chloramphenicol inhibited the development of aggregating ability in the presence of glucose or sucrose. The addition of a source of nitrogen (peptides and amino acids) enhanced aggregation and shortened the time for development of aggregating ability. No aggregation occurred at at 0 degrees C and the ability to aggregate was markedly delayed at 20 degrees C as compared to 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Trypsin treatment of the bacteria abolished aggregation, indicating that surface components of protein or glycoprotein nature contributed to the capacity to aggregate.
Fusion d'Informations Bi-modales pour la Reconnaissance d'Expressions Mathématiques : Cas des modalités audio et écriture manuscrite en ligne (2012)

National audience
SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS FOR STARING SINGLE PIXEL HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS (2008)

Remote sensing of chemical warfare agents (CWA) with stand-off hyperspectral sensors has a wide range of civilian and military applications. These sensors exploit the spectral changes in the ambient photon flux produced thermal emission or absorption after passage through a region containing the CWA cloud. In this work we focus on (a) staring single-pixel sensors that sample their field of view at regular intervals of time to produce a time series of spectra and (b) scanning single or multiple pixel sensors that sample their FOV as they scan. The main objective of signal processing algorithms is to determine if and when a CWA enters the FOV of the sensor. We shall first develop and evaluate algorithms for staring sensors following two different approaches. First, we will assume that no threat information is available and we design an adaptive anomaly detection algorithm to detect a statistically-significant change in the observed spectrum. The algorithm processes the observed spectra sequentially-in-time, estimates adaptively the background, and checks whether the next spectrum differs significantly from the background based on the Mahalanobis distance or the distance from the background subspace. In the second approach, we will assume that we know the spectral signature of the CWA and develop sequential-in-time adaptive matched filter detectors. In both cases, we assume that the sensor starts its operation before the release of the CWA; otherwise, staring at a nearby CWA-free area is required for background estimation. Experimental evaluation and comparison of the proposed algorithms is accomplished using data from a long-wave infrared (LWIR) Fourier transform spectrometer.
Must Browning in Relation to the Behavior of Phenolic Compounds During Oxidation (1990)

White musts prepared from 24 <i>Vitis vinifera</i> varieties were supplied with oxygen by diffusion through silicone tubing. The oxygen consumption was followed by means of an oxymeter, the initial glutathione content was determined, and the concentration of hydroxycinnamic acids monitored by HPLC. Tristimulus color values were measured using the CIE 1976 L*a*b* Scale on the crude and filtered oxidized musts. A principal component analysis was performed on the analytical data and tristimulus parameters. The first axis contrasted b*F (yellowness of the filtered musts), a*C (redness of the crude musts), initial concentration of hydroxycinnamic acids, maximum levels of caftaric and GRP <i>o</i>-quinones, and oxygen consumption with b*C (yellowness of the crude musts), L*C and L*F (lightness of the crude and filtered musts). It differentiated light (resistant to oxidation), colored (sensitive to oxidation), and intermediate musts. Must browning susceptibility appeared essentially related to their initial hydroxycinnamic acid content. Yet, each of these three classes showed a characteristic behavior of caftaric acid derivatives during must oxidation, itself depending on the hydroxycinnamic acid to glutathione molar ratio. It seems, however, that other grape components compete with glutathione to trap caftaric acid quinones.
Effects of IGF-I bioavailability on bovine preantral follicular development in vitro (2007)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regulation of IGF-I bioavailability on preantral follicle development in vitro. Bovine preantral follicles were cultured for 6 days in serum-free medium with increasing doses of Long R3 (LR3) IGF-I (an analog with low affinity for IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)), or human recombinant IGF-I (hrIGF-I). Follicle diameter and estradiol production were measured every second day. On day 6, ratios of oocyte/follicle diameter and oocyte morphology were assessed by histological examination, and IGFBP-2 and -3 were detected by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. Both types of IGF-I increased follicle diameter in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) and increased estradiol production over control levels (P < 0.05). However, follicles treated with LR3 IGF-I and the highest concentration of hrIGF-I (1000 ng/ml) had smaller oocyte/follicle ratios, and increased oocyte degeneration, compared with controls or follicles treated with physiological concentrations of hrIGF-I (P < 0.05). IGFBPs were detected in cultured preantral follicles, indicating a requirement for regulation of IGF bioavailability during the early stages of follicular development. Specifically, IGFBP-3 mRNA was found to be expressed in oocytes, and IGFBP-2 immunoreactivity was detected in oocytes and granulosa cells of cultured follicles. In summary, the regulation of IGF-I bioavailability by IGFBPs is necessary for the co-ordination of oocyte and follicle development in vitro.
Rapid and efficient formation of propagation invariant shaped laser beams (2018)

A rapid and efficient all-optical method for forming propagation invariant shaped beams by exploiting the optical feedback of a laser cavity is presented. The method is based on the modified degenerate cavity laser (MDCL), which is a highly incoherent cavity laser. The MDCL has a very large number of degrees of freedom (320,000 modes in our system) that can be coupled and controlled, and allows direct access to both the real space and Fourier space of the laser beam. By inserting amplitude masks into the cavity, constraints can be imposed on the laser in order to obtain minimal loss solutions that would optimally lead to a superposition of Bessel-Gauss beams forming a desired shaped beam. The resulting beam maintains its transverse intensity distribution for relatively long propagation distances.
A NOVEL VISION SYSTEM FOR CRT PANEL AUTO-INSPECTION (2007)

ABSTRACT We devised two sets of vision systems which can automatically inspect defects in CRT panels. One system inspects the front surface defects while the other system inspects the CRT panels' side-wall defects. The defects of a 3-D translucent hull CRT panel may include scratches, blemishes, cracks, bubbles, or collapsed portions which may occur on the inside surface, outside surface, or interior of the glass. Two different kinds of lighting environments were developed to highlight the CRT panels and to simplify the image-capturing process. Meanwhile, two sets of methods were devised which can reliably find all the defects within the expected processing time. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed vision systems can be used to effectively and efficiently auto-inspect CRT panels in the production line.
Akt Inhibition Enhances Expansion of Potent Tumor-Specific Lymphocytes with Memory Cell Characteristics (2014)

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) results in complete regression of advanced cancer in some patients, but the efficacy of this potentially curative therapy may be limited by poor persistence of TIL after adoptive transfer. Pharmacologic inhibition of the serine/threonine kinase Akt has recently been shown to promote immunologic memory in virus-specific murine models, but whether this approach enhances features of memory (e.g., long-term persistence) in TIL that are characteristically exhausted and senescent is not established. Here, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of Akt enables expansion of TIL with the transcriptional, metabolic, and functional properties characteristic of memory T cells. Consequently, Akt inhibition results in enhanced persistence of TIL after adoptive transfer into an immunodeficient animal model and augments antitumor immunity of CD8 T cells in a mouse model of cell-based immunotherapy. Pharmacologic inhibition of Akt represents a novel immunometabolomic approach to enhance the persistence of antitumor T cells and improve the efficacy of cell-based immunotherapy for metastatic cancer.
Targeting angiogenesis: Structural characterization and biological properties of a de novo engineered VEGF mimicking peptide (2005)

Modulating angiogenesis is an attractive goal because many pathological conditions depend on the growth of new vessels. Angiogenesis is mainly regulated by the VEGF, a mitogen specific for endothelial cells. In the last years, many efforts have been pursued to modulate the angiogenic response targeting VEGF and its receptors. Based on the x-ray structure of VEGF bound to the receptor, we designed a peptide, QK, reproducing a region of the VEGF binding interface: the helix region 17-25. NMR conformation analysis of QK revealed that it adopts a helical conformation in water, whereas the peptide corresponding to the alpha-helix region of VEGF, VEGF15, is unstructured. Biological assays in vitro and on bovine aorta endothelial cells suggested that QK binds to the VEGF receptors and competes with VEGF. VEGF15 did not bind to the receptors indicating that the helical structure is necessary for the biological activity. Furthermore, QK induced endothelial cells proliferation, activated cell signaling dependent on VEGF, and increased the VEGF biological response. QK promoted capillary formation and organization in an in vitro assay on matrigel. These results suggested that the helix region 17-25 of VEGF is involved in VEGF receptor activation. The peptide designed to resemble this region shares numerous biological properties of VEGF, thus suggesting that this region is of potential interest for biomedical applications, and molecules mimicking it could be attractive for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Characterization of CD40 signaling determinants regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation in B lymphocytes (1997)

CD40 signaling to B cells is important for generating an effective humoral immune response. CD40 ligation leads to B cell activation events such as proliferation, Ig secretion, isotype switching, and up-regulation of cell surface molecules, as well as the generation of memory B cells. Many of these events are dependent upon the ability of CD40 to activate the transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-kappa B). To define the CD40 signaling components upstream of NF-kappa B activation and the functional consequences downstream of NF-kappa B activation, we examined mouse B cell transfectants expressing wild-type or mutant human CD40. Analysis of CD40 cytoplasmic domain truncation and point mutants defined a 10-amino acid CD40 cytoplasmic signaling determinant required for NF-kappa B activation. A threonine residue at position 234, previously shown to be important for CD40 association with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), TRAF3, and TRAF5, was not required for NF-kappa B activation. This suggests that in B cells, CD40-induced NF-kappa B activation can occur independently of TRAF2 and TRAF5 association. NF-kappa B activation was independent of the transmembrane domain of CD40, suggesting that it is independent of p23, a molecule that associates with CD40 in a region other than the cytoplasmic domain. Proteasome-dependent inhibitory kappa B alpha (I kappa B alpha) and I kappa B beta degradation occurred downstream of CD40 ligation and preceded CD40-mediated NF-kappa B nuclear translocation. CD40- or pervanadate-mediated I kappa B tyrosine phosphorylation was not detected. NF-kappa B activation correlated with the ability of CD40 to induce Ab secretion and the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-1. However, NF-kappa B activation was insufficient for CD40-mediated up-regulation of B7-1, Fas, and CD23.
Application of AdaTree Algorithm to Remote Sensing Image Classification (2013)

As one of main classification methods used in data mining,the decision tree algorithm is widely used in remote sensing image classification.However,in current studies of remote sensing image classification,the building of decision trees was found to be dependent on existing data mining software,with little research work focused on decision tree algorithms.Based on the BoostTree algorithm,we propose a new algorithm of decision tree ensembles for remote sensing image classification-AdaTree which is a combination of C4.5and AdaBoost.M1algorithms.In AdaTree,the structure of C4.5 and the final hypothesis of AdaBoost.M1were modified.With the AdaTree classifier algorithm,apiece of software was developed for cell-based and object-oriented remote sensing image classification.An experiment with Landsat7ETM+ and Wordview2images showed accuracy and efficient improvements of the AdaTree classifier when compared with BoostTree and SVM,either in cellsbased or object-oriented classification.Its average Kappa coefficients reached 0.905 2 and 0.939 8.
Transconductance with capacitances feedback compensation for multistage amplifiers (2005)

A new performance-boosting frequency compensation technique is presented, named Transconductance with Capacitances Feedback Compensation (TCFC). A transconductance stage and two capacitors introduce negative feedback to a three-stage amplifier, which significantly improves the performance such as gain-bandwidth product, slew rate, stability and sensitivity. An optimized TCFC amplifier has been implemented, and fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The TCFC amplifier driving a 150-pF load capacitor achieved 2.9-MHz gain-bandwidth product dissipating only 45-/spl mu/W power with a 1.5 V supply, which shows a significant improvement in MHz/spl middot/pF/mA performance.
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances amyloid β peptide production in cultured neuronal cells: ApoE structure as a potential therapeutic target (2005)

Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, and many studies have suggested that apoE has isoform-specific effects on the deposition or clearance of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides. We examined the effects of apoE isoforms on the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and on Abeta production in rat neuroblastoma B103 cells stably transfected with human wild-type APP695 (B103-APP). Lipid-poor apoE4 increased Abeta production in B103-APP cells to a greater extent than lipid-poor apoE3 (60% vs. 30%) due to more pronounced stimulation of APP recycling by apoE4 than apoE3. The difference in Abeta production was abolished by preincubating the cells with the receptor-associated protein (25 nM), which blocks the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) pathway, or by reducing LRP expression by small interference RNA. The differences were also attenuated by replacing Arg-61 with threonine in apoE4 or pretreating apoE4 with small molecules, both of which abolish apoE4 intramolecular domain interaction. Thus, apoE4 appears to modulate APP processing and Abeta production through both the LRP pathway and domain interaction. These findings provide insights into why apoE4 is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and may represent a potential target for drug development.
Soundcomber: A Stealthy and Context-Aware Sound Trojan for Smartphones. (2011)

We explore the threat of smartphone malware with access to on-board sensors, which opens new avenues for illicit collection of private information. While existing work shows that such “sensory malware” can convey raw sensor data (e.g., video and audio) to a remote server, these approaches lack stealthiness, incur significant communication and computation overhead during data transmission and processing, and can easily be defeated by existing protections like denying installation of applications with access to both sensitive sensors and the network. We present Soundcomber, a Trojan with few and innocuous permissions, that can extract a small amount of targeted private information from the audio sensor of the phone. Using targeted profiles for context-aware analysis, Soundcomber intelligently “pulls out” sensitive data such as credit card and PIN numbers from both toneand speech-based interaction with phone menu systems. Soundcomber performs efficient, stealthy local extraction, thereby greatly reducing the communication cost for delivering stolen data. Soundcomber automatically infers the destination phone number by analyzing audio, circumvents known security defenses, and conveys information remotely without direct network access. We also design and implement a defensive architecture that foils Soundcomber, identify new covert channels specific to smartphones, and provide a video demonstration
The function of cattle sweat glands. (1955)

Evidence is presented that the apocrine sweat glands of cattle have a temperature-regulating function. Under the stereo microscope, sweat droplets could be observed forming at the openings of the sweat gland ducts in response to intradermal injections of adrenaline, and during exposure to hot conditions. The sweat spots could be stained macroscopically, and prints showing the location of the spots were obtained with bromothymol blue papers pressed onto the skin surface. Quantitative measurements indicate that the evaporation of this sweat is the main source of heat loss in hot environments.
Antigenic Modulation and Turnover in Human Neutrophils (1979)

Turnover of membrane constituents appears important in many biologic processes. We studied this process in neutrophils by immunologic methods. The capacity of neutrophils to recognize other neutrophils coated with antibodies against membrane antigens was used to determine the changes that occur after attachment of the antibody to the neutrophil membrane. Neutrophils were sensitized for 30 min at 22 degrees C with antibodies from three patients with antineutrophil autoantibodies. The sensitized neutrophils were recognized by normal neutrophils, which responded with an increase in glucose oxidation. If, after sensitization, the sensitized neutrophils were not immediately exposed to normal neutrophils, but instead were incubated at 37 degrees C for varying times, the capacity to elicit a recognition response decayed and was gone by 30 min. Additionally, the capacity of the cells to be resensitized by reexposure to antibody also decayed during this period. However, after further incubation at 37 degrees C, the neutrophils recovered the capacity to become sensitized; and this recovery was not inhibited by the addition of cycloheximide. Control incubations with normal immunoglobulin (Ig)G did not elicit a recognition response. The decay in recognition response was temperature dependent. Direct immunofluorescent studies with fluorescein-conjugated antineutrophil IgG revealed that the antibodies were cleared by aggregation and endocytosis. We conclude that: (a) neutrophils clear antibody from the cell surface by a temperature-dependent mechanism; (b) antigenicity is cleared concomitantly; (c) the mechanism of clearance involves internalization; and (d) with time, antigenicity reappears on the cell surface.
Polynomials that Sign Represent Parity and Descartes' Rule of Signs (2007)

A real polynomial $P(X_1,..., X_n)$ sign represents $f: A^n \to \{0,1\}$ if for every $(a_1, ..., a_n) \in A^n$, the sign of $P(a_1,...,a_n)$ equals $(-1)^{f(a_1,...,a_n)}$. Such sign representations are well-studied in computer science and have applications to computational complexity and computational learning theory. In this work, we present a systematic study of tradeoffs between degree and sparsity of sign representations through the lens of the parity function. We attempt to prove bounds that hold for any choice of set $A$. We show that sign representing parity over $\{0,...,m-1\}^n$ with the degree in each variable at most $m-1$ requires sparsity at least $m^n$. We show that a tradeoff exists between sparsity and degree, by exhibiting a sign representation that has higher degree but lower sparsity. We show a lower bound of $n(m -2) + 1$ on the sparsity of polynomials of any degree representing parity over $\{0,..., m-1\}^n$. We prove exact bounds on the sparsity of such polynomials for any two element subset $A$. The main tool used is Descartes' Rule of Signs, a classical result in algebra, relating the sparsity of a polynomial to its number of real roots. As an application, we use bounds on sparsity to derive circuit lower bounds for depth-two AND-OR-NOT circuits with a Threshold Gate at the top. We use this to give a simple proof that such circuits need size $1.5^n$ to compute parity, which improves the previous bound of ${4/3}^{n/2}$ due to Goldmann (1997). We show a tight lower bound of $2^n$ for the inner product function over $\{0,1\}^n \times \{0, 1\}^n$.
Development and Synthesis of an Arylboronic Acid-based Solid-Phase Amidation Catalyst (2001)

A polystyrene-bound pyridineboronic acid was synthesized and shown to be an efficient, easily recoverable and reusable amidation catalyst.
Effects of Ischemia–Reperfusion on Physiological Properties of Müller Glial Cells in the Porcine Retina (2011)

The alterations of reactive Müller cells after transient ischemia of the pig eye were similar to those found in rat and rabbit models, demonstrating that the porcine retina is a suitable model for the investigation of ischemic injury.
Structure–function analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DltE reveals D-alanylated lipoteichoic acids as direct cues supporting Drosophila juvenile growth (2023)

Metazoans establish mutually beneficial interactions with their resident microorganisms. However, our understanding of the microbial cues contributing to host physiology remains elusive. Previously, we identified a bacterial machinery encoded by the <i>dlt</i> operon involved in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>'s juvenile growth promotion by <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>. Here, using crystallography combined with biochemical and cellular approaches, we investigate the physiological role of an uncharacterized protein (DltE) encoded by this operon. We show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) but not wall teichoic acids are D-alanylated in <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<sup>NC8</sup></i> cell envelope and demonstrate that DltE is a D-Ala carboxyesterase removing D-Ala from LTA. Using the mutualistic association of <i>L. plantarum<sup>NC8</sup></i> and <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as a symbiosis model, we establish that D-alanylated LTAs (D-Ala-LTAs) are direct cues supporting intestinal peptidase expression and juvenile growth in <i>Drosophila</i>. Our results pave the way to probing the contribution of D-Ala-LTAs to host physiology in other symbiotic models.