gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High precision PCB Soldering With Pin Springback Compensation by Robotic Micromanipulation (2022)

Through-hole components (THCs) soldering is widely reserved in electronic industry. Although recent progress in soldering robot has greatly improved the productivity, how to deal with metal pins' misalignment with the through-hole center remains a big issue, which may affect the soldering quality, reduce the product reliability, or even result in failure. To address this challenge, this article presents a robotic micromanipulation system and a hybrid visual servoing control strategy with springback compensation. First, we analyze the deformation and recovery phenomenal of the metal pin during alignment and then establish its elastoplastic model and springback model accordingly. In view of high precision and efficiency in electronics assembly, we propose a hybrid control strategy by combining the position-based and image-based visual servoing control, where the former is for approaching the target region efficiently and the latter is for high precision pin alignment. With the developed model and control strategy, the robotic micromanipulation system can automatically detect the pin's position and posture by a microscope camera (magnification 15 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\times }$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) and control the end-effector to align the pin to the through-hole center based on a predicted overshoot. The experimental results verify that our approach can confine the maximum alignment error in three pixels ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 37 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula> m) with 100% success rate, which substantially improves the soldering accuracy of current techniques. This article paves a new path for high precision THCs soldering, which will not only directly improve the quality and reliability of PCBs in industry, but also inspire the application of robotics in micromanufacturing and microfabrication.
Antiproliferative Effect of pHLIP-Amanitin (2013)

Toxins could be effective anticancer drugs, if their selective delivery into cancer cells could be achieved. We have shown that the energy of membrane-associated folding of water-soluble membrane peptides of the pHLIP (pH low insertion peptide) family could be used to move cell-impermeable cargo across the lipid bilayer into the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Here we present the results of a study of pHLIP-mediated cellular delivery of a polar cell-impermeable toxin, α-amanitin, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II. We show that pHLIP can deliver α-amanitin into cells in a pH-dependent fashion and induce cell death within 48 h. Translocation capability could be tuned by conjugating amanitin to the C-terminus of pHLIP via linkers of different hydrophobicities that could be cleaved in the cytoplasm. pHLIP-SPDP-amanitin, which exhibits 4-5 times higher antiproliferative ability at pH 6 than at pH 7.4, was selected as the best construct. The major mechanism of amanitin delivery is direct translocation (flip) across a membrane by pHLIP and cleavage of the S-S bond in the cytoplasm. The antiproliferative effect was monitored on four different human cancer cell lines. pHLIP-mediated cytoplasmic delivery of amanitin could create great opportunities to use the toxin as a potent pH-selective anticancer agent, which predominantly targets highly proliferative cancer cells at low extracellular pH values.
Botulinum toxin type A: Exploring new indications (2010)

The use of botulinum toxin has expanded in the last five years to include traditional neurological use against dystonia and spasticity, as well as the emerging use for headache, pain, neuropathy, myofascial pain, joint arthritis, otolaryngology, gastroenterology and genitourinary disorders. This review will focus on these emerging uses of botulinum toxin as reported in recent literature. The exploratory use of botulinum toxin for cervical dystonia, blepharospasm and spasticity in small trials and case reports, has led to its detailed study in larger placebo-controlled clinical trials. Although the use of botulinum toxin for new indications may benefit a specific subset of patients with refractory pain and disability, the reader must realize that this is an emerging area, generally limited by a lack of large, placebo-controlled studies.
Resonant energy transfer in praseodymium–thulium codoped ZBLAN fibre (2004)

The authors have designed a thulium and praseodymium codoped ZBLAN fluoride fibre to investigate energy transfer processes between Tm3+ (donor) and Pr3+ (acceptor) ions. The concentrations (3000 ppm Tm3+ and 500 ppm Pr3+) were selected to maximise the absorption of the Tm3+ and energy transfer while minimising self-quenching. To characterise the codoped system, they measured the visible fluorescence emissions and their radiative lifetimes at 540 nm in both preform and fibre materials and compared the values obtained with those expected from single dopants. The energy-transfer processes have been further investigated by comparison with a rate equation model. The transfer rate obtained from the measurements is 300 s−1, and the predicted and observed fluorescence from the fibre are in good agreement.
Vom „geplanten Wunder‟ zur „Pleite der Praxis‟. Wahmehmungen der DDR-Planwirtschaft in der westdeutschen Wirtschaftspresse während des Jahrzehnts der Entspannung (2013)

"Vom „geplanten Wunder‟ zur „Pleite der Praxis‟. Wahmehmungen der DDR-Planwirtschaft in der westdeutschen Wirtschaftspresse während des Jahrzehnts der Entspannung" published on 01 Jan 2013 by Brill | Schöningh.
Complete blood count alterations in disseminated histoplasmosis (2015)

Classical histoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum.1 H. capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus found in nature in its filamentous form, consisting of branched hyphae, which produce tuberculate macroconidia, the infective form of the fungus. When cultivated at 37 ◦C and in the tissues of infected people, it presents as budding yeast cells.1 Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis that may affect previously healthy individuals. This disease may also be a disseminated opportunistic mycosis in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, those with hematologic malignancies, and in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.1 In immunocompromised patients, disseminated histoplasmosis usually affects the lymphatic tissues, liver, spleen, kidneys, meninges, and heart. H. capsulatum
Low-energy electron beam focusing in self-organized porous alumina vacuum windows (2000)

Micromachined, micron-thick porous alumina membranes with closed pore endings show high electron transparency above an energy of 5 keV. This is due to the channeling of electrons along the negatively charged insulating pores after surmounting the thin entrance layer. We also find a sharp hightransparency energy window at energies as low as 2 keV which may be the result of a local maximum of channeling, as predicted by simulations, and positive charge up of the entrance layer causing electron electrostatic focusing. Applications for these membranes range from atmospheric electron spectroscopy to self-assembled, nanoscale, large-area electron collimators.
Team effort (1992)

The recognition of wound care as an interesting and important aspect of clinical medicine is still in its infancy. For many years, physicians and surgeons have adopted the attitude that a wound will heal whatever treatment is offered, but that when no progress is achieved someone else is at fault - usually the nurse. Times are changing, albeit slowly, and we have recently seen articles on pressure sores and growth factors appearing in the Lancet1 and editorials on Eusol in the British Medical Journal<sup>2</sup>. The medical establishment is not known for moving rapidly in response to demands for change and we must not delude ourselves that the battle has been won, but the first steps have been taken and are welcomed.
Generation of Stilbene Glycoside with Promising Cell Rejuvenation Activity through Biotransformation by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (2021)

A stilbene glycoside (resvebassianol A) (<b>1</b>) with a unique sugar unit, 4-<i>O</i>-methyl-D-glucopyranose, was identified through biotransformation of resveratrol (RSV) by the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> to obtain a superior RSV metabolite with enhanced safety. Its structure, including its absolute configurations, was determined using spectroscopic data, HRESIMS, and chemical reactions. Microarray analysis showed that the expression levels of filaggrin, HAS2-AS1, and CERS3 were higher, while those of IL23A, IL1A, and CXCL8 were lower in the resvebassianol A-treated group than in the RSV-treated group, as confirmed by qRT-PCR. Compound <b>1</b> exhibited the same regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects as RSV with no cytotoxicity in skin keratinocytes and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HIEC-6 cells, suggesting that compound <b>1</b> is a safe and stable methylglycosylated RSV. Our findings suggest that our biotransformation method can be an efficient biosynthetic platform for producing a broad range of natural glycosides with enhanced safety.
Debugging as a Science, that too, when your Program is Changing (2010)

Program debugging is an extremely time-consuming process, and it takes up a large portion of software development time. In practice, debugging is still very much of an art, with the developer painstakingly going through volumes of execution traces to locate the actual cause of an observable error. In this work, we discuss recent advances in debugging which makes it systematic scientific activity in its own right. We explore the delicate connections between debugging and formal methods (such as model checking) in the overall task of validating software. Moreover, since any deployed software undergoes changes in its lifetime, we need debugging methods which can take the software evolution into account. We show how symbolic execution and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers can be gainfully employed to greatly automate software debugging of evolving programs.
Viscous Flow through Particle Assemblages at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers. Steady-State Solutions for Flow through Assemblages of Spheres (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTViscous Flow through Particle Assemblages at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers. Steady-State Solutions for Flow through Assemblages of SpheresB. P. LeClair and A. E. HamielecCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1968, 7, 4, 542–549Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/i160028a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (619 KB) Get e-Alerts
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) modulation of striatal dopamine measured with [11C]‐raclopride and positron emission tomography (2008)

The effect of a pharmacologic increase in serotonin concentrations on striatal dopamine (D2) receptor availability has been measured in several studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and the radiotracer [11C]-raclopride as a method for the in vivo imaging of serotonin modulation of striatal dopamine in human subjects. These studies have shown that an acute increase in serotonin concentrations produced a decrease in striatal D2 receptor availability. The current study was undertaken to measure the effects of a more pharmacologically selective serotonergic agent compared to previous studies, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, on striatal D2 receptor availability. Twelve healthy control subjects underwent two PET scans performed on the same day following i.v. administration of saline (Scan 1) and citalopram (Scan 2, 40 mg, i.v.). The [11C]-raclopride data were analyzed with a graphical analysis method using the cerebellum as the input function. Plasma levels of citalopram, cortisol, and prolactin were measured. The citalopram concentrations peaked at the end of infusion (EOI) and remained relatively consistent from 30 min to 3 h postinfusion. An increase in cortisol and prolactin concentrations was observed from the EOI until 60 min after the EOI. A significant decrease in striatal D2 receptor availability was observed after citalopram infusion (-5%), presumably due to an increase in endogenous dopamine concentrations. In summary, i.v. administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, produced modest reductions in striatal D2 receptor availability, consistent with other human [11C]-raclopride studies using less pharmacologically selective serotonergic agents.
Mobiliųjų aplikacijų ir žaidimų verslo plėtrosgalimybės (2013)

\nŠio magistrinio darbo tikslas – analizuojant literatūros šaltinius bei naudojant empirinius tyrimo metodus išanalizuoti ir įvertinti mobiliųjų aplikacijų ir žaidimų išmaniesiems įrenginiams plėtros galimybes Lietuvos rinkoje.\nLiteratūros šaltinių analizė atskleidė, jog mobilusis verslas gali būti apibūdinamas kaip mobiliųjų informacinių technologijų ir telekomunikacijų panaudojimas siekiant išlikti, gerinti ir plėtoti egzistuojančius verslo procesus ir ryšius arba vystyti naujus verslo segmentus. Programėlių rinkoje vyksta sparti plėtra ir augimas. Vyksta arši kova dėl išmaniųjų telefonų rinkos dalies tarp technologinių kompanijų. Palyginus su pasaulinėmis tendencijomis, Lietuva dar yra pačioje pradžioje, turi labai ribotą lietuviškų programėlių skaičių. Lietuvoje yra pakankamai IT specialistų, tik nedidelė jų dalis specializuojasi mokomųjų žaidimų ir stimuliatorių kūrime.\nBuvo atliktas struktūrizuotas interviu apklausus šešis žinomų programinės įrangos gamintojų IT specialistus. Magistrinio darbo tyrimo pagrindą sudarė kiekybinis tyrimas, naudojant anketinę apklausą Internetu. Anketinio tyrimo metu buvo apklausta 113 respondentų iš Lietuvos. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo apklausti gyventojus, išanalizuoti Lietuvos mobiliųjų aplikacijų ir žaidimų išmaniesiems telefonams vartotojų poreikius ir požiūrius į Lietuvoje sukurtų produktų plėtros galimybes Lietuvos ir pasaulio mobiliųjų aplikacijų rinkose. Tyrimo metu gauti rezultatai parodė, kokiais išmaniaisiais mobiliais įrenginiais ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Apoptolidinone (I). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydrothermal Crystallization of Uranyl Coordination Polymers Involving an Imidazolium Dicarboxylate Ligand: Effect of pH on the Nuclearity of Uranyl-Centered Subunits (2016)

Four uranyl-bearing coordination polymers (1-4) have been hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of the zwitterionic 1,3-bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium (= imdc) anion as organic linkers after reaction at 150 °C. At low pH (0.8-3.1), the form 1 ((UO2)2(imdc)2(ox)·3H2O; ox stands for oxalate group) has been identified. Its crystal structure (XRD analysis) consists of the 8-fold-coordinated uranyl centers linked to each other through the imdc ligand together with oxalate species coming from the partial decomposition of the imdc molecule. The resulting structure is based on one-dimensional infinite ribbons intercalated by free water molecules. By adding NaOH solution, a second form 2 is observed for pH 1.9-3.9 but in a mixture with phase 1. The pure phase of 2 is obtained after a hydrothermal treatment at 120 °C. It corresponds to a double-layered network (UO2(imdc)2) composed of 7-fold-coordinated uranyl cations linked via the imdc ligands. In the same pH range, a third phase ((UO2)3O2(H2O)(imdc)·H2O, 3) is formed: it is composed of hexanuclear units of 7-fold- and 8-fold-coordinated uranyl cations, connected via the imdc molecules in a layered assembly. At higher pH, the chain-like solid (UO2)3O(OH)3(imdc)·2H2O (4) is observed and composed of the infinite edge-sharing uranyl-centered pentagonal bipyramidal polyhedra. As a function of pH, uranyl nuclearity increases from discrete 8- or 7-fold uranyl centers (1, 2) to hexanuclear bricks (3) and then infinite chains in 4 (built up from the hexameric fragments found in 3). This observation emphasized the influence of the hydrolysis reaction occurring between uranyl centers. The compounds have been further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared, and luminescence spectroscopy.
Studies on the mechanical stretchability of transparent conductive film based on graphene-metal nanowire structures (2015)

Transparent electrodes with superior flexibility and stretchability as well as good electrical and optical properties are required for applications in wearable electronics with comfort designs and high performances. Here, we present hybrid nanostructures as stretchable and transparent electrodes based on graphene and networks of metal nanowires, and investigate their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. High electrical and optical characteristics, superb bendability (folded in half), excellent stretchability (10,000 times in stretching cycles with 100% in tensile strain toward a uniaxial direction and 30% in tensile strain toward a multi-axial direction), strong robustness against electrical breakdown and thermal oxidation were obtained through comprehensive study. We believe that these results suggest a substantial promise application in future electronics.
ChemInform Abstract: Rationally Designed “Dipeptoid” Analogues of CCK. α‐Methyltryptophan Derivatives as Highly Selective and Orally Active Gastrin and CCK‐B Antagonists with Potent Anxiolytic Properties. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discrete Modeling of a String and Analysis of a Loop Soliton (1998)

A discrete model for an extensible string is proposed and analyzed by a discrete soliton theory and computer simulations. The relation between tension of the string and the size of a loop propagating on the string is obtained analytically by using the soliton theory. We use this relation to investigate dynamics and stability of loops, and it is found that one loop is stable against various kinds of perturbation. It is confirmed numerically that the loop can be formed by moving a boundary along a semicircle. If the moment of the string is introduced, behaviors of the formation are drastically changed and there is a critical value of stiffness of the string beyond which the loop cannot be formed. As for collision of two loops, we, found that two loops do not break after collision if the two are similar. This result of collision can be well explained by our former analysis of a continuous string theory (Nishinari, 1997).
Safety and efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL (Lactobacillus acidophilus CECT 4529) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening (2017)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> D2/CSL when used in feed for chickens for fattening at a minimum dose of 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> colony-forming units (CFU)/kg complete feedingstuffs. The additive is a preparation of viable cells of <i>L. acidophilus</i>. This species is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to establish safety for the target species, consumers and the environment. The safety of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> CECT 4529 was assessed by EFSA in 2014. Following the QPS approach to safety assessment, <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> CECT 4529 is assumed to be safe for the target species, the consumer and the environment without the need for further studies. No concerns are expected from other excipients present in the product, so <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> D2/CSL is also considered safe for target animals, including chickens for fattening, consumers and the environment. The safety of the additive for the user was also considered in that opinion. The FEEDAP Panel is unaware of any new data that would lead it to revise its conclusions that the additive should be considered to be an eye/skin irritant and a skin/respiratory sensitiser. There is insufficient evidence to conclude on the efficacy of the additive when used in diets for chickens for fattening.
[Bone-marrow involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (author's transl)]. (1978)

Rotational coronary angiography and subsequent automatic modeling or reconstruction can result in clinically valuable three-dimensional (3D) representations of the coronaries. From these 3D representations information can be derived for specific coronary segments, such as lesion length, vessel diameter, bifurcation angles, and optimal viewing angles. In this case report, we highlight the characterization of a left coronary artery thrombus by a fully automatic 3D gated reconstruction. This case also shows that detailed 3D morphology of a lesion can be assessed during percutaneous coronary interventions using rotational coronary angiography and subsequent automated image processing.
Laser Cooling Assisted Thermal Management of Lightsails (2022)

A lightsail can be accelerated to relativistic speed by the radiation pressure of a laser having an intensity of the order of GW/m2. Such an extreme light intensity presents a critical challenge in the thermal management of lightsails. In this Article, we propose to use solid-state laser cooling for dissipating heat from such a lightsail. Our approach uses the same laser that is accelerating the sail and can be used in addition to the previously explored radiative cooling. With our approach, we show that the cooling rate of a sail composed of a micron-thick layer doped with ytterbium ions can exceed that of blackbody thermal emission. This allows illumination by higher intensity lasers and, consequently, shortens the acceleration distance to reach relativistic speed. Due to the Doppler shift, the performance of our approach is impacted by the limited bandwidth of the laser cooling dopant. When a constant-frequency pumping laser is used, laser cooling is particularly helpful for target velocities ≲0.05c for room-temperature operations.
Vulnerable roadway users struck by motor vehicles at the center of the safest, large US city (2013)

Prospective epidemiologic study, level II.