gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical geodesy (1978)

Motivated largely by the needs of the navigation community, engineers have become increasingly involved in understanding and Modeling the fine structure of the earth's gravity field. In this endeavor, the engineer has augmented the applied mathematical tools of the "geodesistscientist" with those of modern estimation and control theory, state-space mathematics, and random process theory. One of the outputs of this involvement has been the development of "statistical geodesy". In this paper, the mathematical structure and applications of statistical geodesy are reviewed, with an emphasis on the engineer's contribution. The chronology and accomplishments of statistical geodesy are outlined. Statistical gravity models are presented that are suitable along a line (e.g., ship track), over the surface of the earth, and above the earth's surface. A distinction is drawn between global and local models, and the assumptions of stationarity and isotropy are reviewed in light of known geophysical properties of the earth's crust and mantle. Several applications of statistical gravity models are presented" estimation of gravimetric uncertainties, error analysis of inertial navigation systems, gravity gradiometry, and satellite altimetry. A new algorithm is presented- frequency-domain collocationsuitable for the efficient processing of large amounts of gravimetric data. Finally, opportunities for further research are suggested. This paper appeared in the Proceedings of the IEEE, May 1978, under the title, "Statistical Geodesy- An Engineering Perspective". Therefore, only the abstract is included in the Conference Proceedings.
An abbreviated food table using food groups for the calculation of energy, protein and fat intake. (1985)

A method of estimating the energy, protein and fat composition of diets is described, based on 84 food groups. Data from 3 dietary studies are used to compare intake calculated using the food groups and detailed food composition tables, with analyses of duplicate diets. For even small groups of people the mean differences and correlation coefficients between calculated and analysed results are similar for both methods of calculation. This approach could be used as a rapid coding method, or where skilled manpower is not available.
A few considerations for ascribing statistical significance to earthquake predictions (1996)

There are many potential pitfalls in assigning statistical significance to “successful” earthquake predictions, including sensitivity to the stochastic model for earthquake occurrence, dependence among the parameters used to specify an earthquake, and the stochastic alternative model for the predictions. There is no simple resolution to these difficulties, but it is clear that assuming earthquake location and size variables are independent can lead to the erroneous impression that predictions are statistically significant when they are not, and that assuming that main shocks follow a Poisson process in time (and space) can make chance predictions appear statistically significant, and can make sound predictions appear statistically insignificant. It is possible to avoid assuming any probability distribution for the occurrence of earthquakes, treating the seismicity history as fixed (conditioning on the observed seismicity) and testing the performance of the prediction algorithm against various random predictors; this “conditional” approach seems preferable.
Stability of the EasyOne ultrasonic spirometer for use in general practice (2006)

This study supports the manufacturer's claim that the EasyOne spirometer maintains its calibration during routine clinical use in general practice and does not require daily calibration as specified in international spirometry guidelines.
Supplementary Figure from Tucatinib has Selective Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers and Significant Combined Activity with Approved and Novel Breast Cancer–Targeted Therapies (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Tucatinib has Selective Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers and Significant Combined Activity with Approved and Novel Breast Cancer–Targeted Therapies
Cross-linguistic differences in the associations between morphological awareness and reading in Spanish and English in young simultaneous bilinguals (2022)

This study aimed to clarify the relations between morphological awareness and literacy skills in Spanish and English in young simultaneous bilingual learners. Guided by theoretical perspectives on the associations between morphological awareness and word- versus sentence-level literacy skills, and their transfer between bilinguals' two languages, we asked bilingual children (<i>N</i> = 90; <i>M</i> = 8.07 years old) to complete dual-language literacy assessments. First, we observed cross-linguistic differences in the associations between morphology and reading. In English, morphological awareness was directly related to word reading and reading comprehension, whereas in Spanish, the association with reading comprehension was fully mediated by vocabulary and single word reading. Second, we observed cross-linguistic associations from English word reading to Spanish reading comprehension, and from Spanish reading comprehension to English reading comprehension. Our findings inform bilingual literacy theory by revealing both cross-linguistic differences and bidirectional associations between literacy skills across typologically-distinct orthographies. In particular, children's word-level skills transferred from the language of schooling (English) into their heritage language (Spanish), and their broader reading comprehension skills transferred from the heritage language to support English. Taken together, these findings support the value of bilingual heritage language maintenance for reading achievement in children's dominant language of literacy instruction.
Primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects in the decomposition of a tertiary alkoxide (1992)

Kinetic isotope effects have been determined for the elimination of toluene from the alkoxide of 1,2,3-triphenylpropan-2-ol (1a). In DMSO, the rate measurements on 1a and [1,1,3,3-2H4] 1,2,3-triphenylpropanol (1b) at 30°C give kH4/kC4= 1.68. For the enolate products of reactions of [1,3-2H2]- and [1,1-2H2]-1,2,3-triphenylpropanol (1c and 1d), isolated as enol ethers, the ratio of deuteriated to undeuteriated products was 2.67 and 1.37, respectively. The ratio of undeuteriated to deuteriated toluenes from 1d was 1.46. In the reaction of [1-13C]-1,2,3-triphenylpropanol (1e) the ratio of 13C-labelled product to unlabelled was 1.064. The data are shown to be consistent with rate-limiting expulsion of a benzyl anion from the alkoxide, followed by fast proton transfers involving a solvent molecule to yield the observed products. The negative chemical ionization spectrum of 1a shows ions corresponding to deprotonated alcohol and the enolate of 1,2-diphenylethanone. The ratios of deuteriated to undeuteriated enolates in the B/E linked spectra of 1c and 1d were 2.47 and 0.72, respectively, and the ratio of 13C-enolate to unlabelled enolate in the fragmentation of 1e was 1.083. These data are rationalized in terms of an ionic fragmentation to an ion–dipole complex of 1,2-diphenylethanone and benzyl anion followed by a proton transfer which is at least partially rate limiting within the complex to yield the enolate.
Attenuation by dexamethasone of endotoxin protection against ischaemia‐induced ventricular arrhythmias (1994)

Ventricular arrhythmias from a 30 min occlusion of the left coronary artery were assessed in Langendorff perfused isolated hearts removed from rats administered either saline, or endotoxin derived from Escherichia coli (2.5 mg kg-1 i.p.) given either 2, 4, 8, 24 or 48 h previously. Arrhythmia severity was markedly reduced in those hearts removed from rats administered endotoxin with a maximum protection at 8h; there was a marked reduction in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (from 54% to 4%) and in the number of ventricular premature beats during the occlusion period (e.g. from 1165 +/- 144 to 37 +/- 19; P < 0.01). Dexamethasone (3 mg kg-1, given 1 h prior to endotoxin or saline) markedly attenuated the protection afforded by endotoxin.
El derecho al olvido tiene límites, también territoriales…aunque no todo está dicho: Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) de 24 de septiembre de 2019 en el caso Google vs CNIL (C-517/17) (2019)

espanolCuando se dicto la Sentencia del caso Costeja en la que el TJUE construyo el derecho al olvido, algunos aspectos de su aplicacion practica quedaron por definir. Uno de los mas relevantes era el de los efectos territoriales y, mas concretamente, extracomunitarios, de dicho derecho. En la Sentencia dictada el pasado 24 de septiembre de 2019, el TJUE arroja luz sobre esta importante cuestion, limitando los efectos a los Estados de la Union Europea. No obstante, algunos matices que se introducen al final de la Sentencia hacen prever que no sera la ultima vez que esta materia plantee dificultades. EnglishWhen the Costeja ruling, in which the ECJ constructed the right to be forgottent, was issued, some aspects of its practical application remained to be defined. One of the most relevant was that of territorial effects and, more specifically, the extracommunity effects of this right. In a Judgment handed down on 24 September 2019, the ECJ sheds light on this important issue, limiting the effects to the States of the European Union. However, some nuances introduced at the end of the Judgment suggest that this will not be the last time that this issue raises difficulties.
The highly conductive nonstoicheiometric tetrathiafulvalene nitrate: composition, conductivity, and structure (1982)

The nonstoicheiometric tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) salt, TTF(NO3)0.55, has been prepared as single crystals by electrocrystallisation. At 291 K it has unidimensionally metallic properties, with a (four-probe) conductivity of 1.2 × 103Ω–1 cm–1 at 291 K, along the needle axis; at < 291 K it is semiconducting. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a= 10.976, b= 11.868, c= 3.607 Å, and β= 90.79°, the nitrates are completely disordered around the centre of symmetry at (½, 0, ½) with electron density smeared along the c axis, as in other TTF adducts. Disorder of the sulphur atoms gives electron density displacements above and below the TTF plane. Electronic motion associated with TTF stacks, comprising TTFO–TTF+ mixed charge entities, underlies the high c-axis conductivity.
Characteristics of pressure-based input for mobile devices (2010)

We conducted a series of user studies to understand and clarify the fundamental characteristics of pressure in user interfaces for mobile devices. We seek to provide insight to clarify a longstanding discussion on mapping functions for pressure input. Previous literature is conflicted about the correct transfer function to optimize user performance. Our study results suggest that the discrepancy can be explained by different signal conditioning circuitry and with improved signal conditioning the user-performed precision relationship is linear. We also explore the effects of hand pose when applying pressure to a mobile device from the front, the back, or simultaneously from both sides in a pinching movement. Our results indicate that grasping type input outperforms single-sided input and is competitive with pressure input against solid surfaces. Finally we provide an initial exploration of non-visual multimodal feedback, motivated by the desire for eyes-free use of mobile devices. The findings suggest that non-visual pressure input can be executed without degradation in selection time but suffers from accuracy problems.
Surface Origin of High Conductivities in UndopedIn2O3Thin Films (2012)

The microscopic cause of conductivity in transparent conducting oxides like ZnO, In{2}O{3}, and SnO{2} is generally considered to be a point defect mechanism in the bulk, involving intrinsic lattice defects, extrinsic dopants, or unintentional impurities like hydrogen. We confirm here that the defect theory for O-vacancies can quantitatively account for the rather moderate conductivity and off-stoichiometry observed in bulk In{2}O{3} samples under high-temperature equilibrium conditions. However, nominally undoped thin-films of In{2}O{3} can exhibit surprisingly high conductivities exceeding by 4-5 orders of magnitude that of bulk samples under identical conditions (temperature and O{2} partial pressure). Employing surface calculations and thickness-dependent Hall measurements, we demonstrate that surface donors rather than bulk defects dominate the conductivity of In{2}O{3} thin films.
Direct adaptive disturbance rejection and control for a deployable space telescope, theory and application (2001)

Discrete time direct adaptive control with disturbance rejection is derived using the command tracker generator (CGT) design. A proof of stability for this controller is provided and the special case of adaptive disturbance rejection using a fixed gain controller is considered Preliminary results of the simplified adaptive controller performance on the Deployable Optical Telescope (DOT) prove promising, but overall reduction of observed motion in the multi-input, multi-output system is not easily achieved.
A perspective on modeling and simulation of complex dynamical systems (2011)

There has been an amazing development of modeling and simulation from its beginning in the 1920s, when the technology was available only at a handful of University groups who had access to a mechanical differential analyzer. Today, tools for modeling and simulation are available for every student and engineer. his paper gives a perspective on the development with particular emphasis on technology and paradigm shifts. Modeling is increasingly important for design and operation of complex natural and man-made systems. Because of the increased use of model based control such as Kalman filters and model predictive control, models are also appearing as components of feedback systems. Modeling and simulation are multidisciplinary, it is used in a wide variety of fields and their development have been strongly influenced by mathematics, numerics, computer science and computer technology.
Etude des conditions d'accés aux 6H‐, 7H‐ et 11H‐pyrimidino‐[4,5‐a], [4,5‐b], [5,4‐a] [5,4‐b] et [5,4‐c]carbazoles. 1 (1989)

Abstract Les dihydropyrimidinocarbazoles 12,15 et 18 sont accessibles par cyclisation des tétrahydrocarbazolones 11, 14 et 17 au moyen du triformamidométhane dans le formamide. Leur oxydation par le permanganate conduit aux pyrimidinocarbazoles 13, 16 et 19. Les aminocyanocarbazoles 1 et 7 constituent des intermédiaires permettant l'accés aux oxo 6 H ‐pyrimidinocarbazoles 2 et 8 . La quinazolinylhydrazone 9 , par chauffage en milieu acide permet, après cyclisation, d'accéder au tétrahydro 6 H ‐pyrimidinocarbazole 10. Les spectres de rmn confirment la structure des dérivés obtenus.
Synthesis of 3-Substituted 1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-ones (1998)

The preparation of 3-substituted 1,4-benzodiazepines by benzodiazepine enolate alkylation has been explored. Employing this approach, multigram quantities of benzodiazepine 1 have been prepared for animal studies to evaluate a new approach for the treatment of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Immunofluorescence of NADPH-Cytochrome c (P450) Reductase in Rat and Minipig Tissues Injected with Phenobarbital (1980)

The enzyme NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase was identified by indirect immunofluorescence in hepatocytes, bronchioles, and proximal tubules of liver, lung, and kidney, respectively, of rats and minipigs that had been injected with phenobarbital or saline. The distribution of this component of the cytochrome P-450-mediated microsomal system may be relevant to sites of drug toxicity and carcinogenesis.
On-line 3-dimensional confocal imaging in vivo. (2000)

This is the first full-featured software package designed for in vivo TSCM imaging of the cornea, which performs both 2-D and 3-D image acquisition, display, and processing as well as CMTF analysis. The use of a PC platform and incorporation of easy to use, on line, and interactive features should help to improve the clinical utility of this technology.
The relative contribution of DNA methylation and genetic variants on protein biomarkers for human diseases (2017)

Associations between epigenetic alterations and disease status have been identified for many diseases. However, there is no strong evidence that epigenetic alterations are directly causal for disease pathogenesis. In this study, we combined SNP and DNA methylation data with measurements of protein biomarkers for cancer, inflammation or cardiovascular disease, to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and epigenetic variation on biomarker levels. A total of 121 protein biomarkers were measured and analyzed in relation to DNA methylation at 470,000 genomic positions and to over 10 million SNPs. We performed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses, and integrated biomarker, DNA methylation and SNP data using between 698 and 1033 samples depending on data availability for the different analyses. We identified 124 and 45 loci (Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.05) with effect sizes up to 0.22 standard units' change per 1% change in DNA methylation levels and up to four standard units' change per copy of the effective allele in the EWAS and GWAS respectively. Most GWAS loci were cis-regulatory whereas most EWAS loci were located in trans. Eleven EWAS loci were associated with multiple biomarkers, including one in NLRC5 associated with CXCL11, CXCL9, IL-12, and IL-18 levels. All EWAS signals that overlapped with a GWAS locus were driven by underlying genetic variants and three EWAS signals were confounded by smoking. While some cis-regulatory SNPs for biomarkers appeared to have an effect also on DNA methylation levels, cis-regulatory SNPs for DNA methylation were not observed to affect biomarker levels. We present associations between protein biomarker and DNA methylation levels at numerous loci in the genome. The associations are likely to reflect the underlying pattern of genetic variants, specific environmental exposures, or represent secondary effects to the pathogenesis of disease.
Synthesis of Silica Nanotube Using Myelin Figure as Template and their Formation Mechanism (2015)

Silica nanotubes are synthesized through a sol-gel reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using myelin figures of Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent. The simultaneous progression of the formation of molecular assemblies that act as templates and the formation of silica frameworks though a sol-gel reaction of the silica precursor is a characteristic of this reaction system. The synthesized silica nanotubes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The silica nanotubes were unilamellar with diameters of approximately 30 nm, membrane thicknesses of approximately 10 nm, and lengths exceeding a few hundred nanometers. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was 589.46 m(2)/g. Silica nanotubes can also be obtained using other Pluronic surfactants that can form myelin figures. In this work, we also investigated the formation mechanism of the silica nanotubes. The typical diameter of a myelin figure is a few tens of micrometers. However, myelin figures with diameters of approximately 10 µm can form in systems with TEOS because bifurcation is induced by minute silica nuclei that form during the initial reaction between TEOS and water. Freeze fracture TEM (FF-TEM) observations revealed the existence of myelin figures with diameters of 20 to 30 nm, which are the same size and shape as the synthesized silica nanotubes. These results indicate that bifurcation of the myelin figures is induced by the silica nuclei that form via the initial reaction of TEOS, which result in the formation of bifurcated myelin figures with diameters of ~10 µm. Myelin figures with diameters of 20 to 30 nm form on the surface, and they become templates where the reaction of TEOS progresses to form silica nanotubes with diameters of approximately 30 nm.
Oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) arrests Cryptosporidium parvum growth in vitro and prevents lethal infection in interferon gamma receptor knock-out mice (2015)

Cryptosporidium parvum is a species of protozoa that causes cryptosporidiosis, an intestinal disease affecting many mammals including humans. Typically, in healthy individuals, cryptosporidiosis is a self-limiting disease. However, C. parvum can cause a severe and persistent infection that can be life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients. As there are no available treatments for these patients that can cure the disease, there is an urgent need to identify treatment options. We tested the anti-parasitic activity of the alkylphosphocholine oleylphosphocholine (OlPC), an analog of miltefosine, against C. parvum in in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro experiments using C. parvum infected human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8 cells) showed that OlPC has an EC50 of 18.84 nM. Moreover, no cell toxicity has been seen at concentrations ≤50 μM. C57BL/6 interferon gamma receptor knock-out mice, were infected by gavage with 4000 C. parvum oocysts on Day 0. Oral treatments, with OlPC, miltefosine, paromomycin or PBS, began on Day 3 post-infection for 10 days. Treatment with OlPC, at 40 mg/kg/day resulted in 100% survival, complete clearance of parasite in stools and a 99.9% parasite burden reduction in the intestines at Day 30. Doses of 30 and 20 mg/kg/day also demonstrated an increased survival rate and a dose-dependent parasite burden reduction. Mice treated with 10 mg/kg/day of miltefosine resulted in 50% survival at Day 30. In contrast, control mice, treated with PBS or 100 mg/kg/day of paromomycin, died or had to be euthanized between Days 6 and 13 due to severe illness. Results of parasite burden were obtained by qPCR and cross-validated by both flow cytometry of stool oocysts and histological sections of the ileum. Together, our results strongly support that OlPC represents a potential candidate for the treatment of C. parvum infections in immunocompromised patients.
One-Step, Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridines and 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Manifold Medicinal Utility (2006)

Privileged medicinal scaffolds based on the structures of 2-amino-3,5-dicyano-6-sulfanylpyridines and the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines have been prepared via a single-step, three-component reaction of structurally diverse aldehydes with various thiols and malononitrile. Mechanistic studies revealed that 1,4-dyhidropyridines undergo oxidation by the intermediate Knoevenagel adducts rather than by air oxygen. Although the latter process undermines the yields of pyridines, it results in the formation of substituted enaminonitriles, promising antiinflammatory agents.
1110. The structure of lambertellin (1965)

J. J. Armstrong and W. B. Turner, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 5927 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650005927
Tomographic Calibration of the New ESA Tomosense Campaign (2021)

The new ESA TomoSense campaign aims to explore the retrieval of biophysical quantities over forests for different acquisition geometries and radar parameters. Tomographic SAR acquisitions are currently being carried out using different wavelengths, both monostatic and bistatic systems and opposite views. This work presents the current advances in the analyses and calibration of the TomoSense data stacks to make them suited for scientific analyses. Airborne monostatic P-band acquisitions as received by MetaSensing presented artifacts connected to the acquisition geometry. Coherence and phase fluctuations were compensated thus obtaining clean tomographic reconstructions and a clear identification of the terrain level. Bistatic L-band data are expected to be available in short time as well.