gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Longitudinal Study Comparing the Results of RNA and Antibody Assays (1993)

We longitudinally studied 51 patients from two hemodialysis centers to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients. Serum samples were tested for antibody to HCV by first- and second-generation enzyme immunoassays and for hepatitis C virus RNA by nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in the initial serum samples by first-generation enzyme immunoassay and second-generation enzyme immunoassay in 6 (11.8%) and 11 (21.6%) patients, respectively. First-generation enzyme immunoassay had a false-positive rate of 33.3% and a false-negative rate of 63.6%. Hepatitis C virus RNA was found in eight second-generation enzyme immunoassay-positive patients (72.7%) and in one patient negative for antibody to hepatitis C virus (2.5%) giving an overall positivity rate of 17.6%. After 19 mo, antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 15 patients (29.4%) on second-generation enzyme immunoassay; hepatitis C virus RNA was found in 13 patients (25.5%). Hepatitis C virus markers persisted in all 12 patients with initial evidence of hepatitis C virus infection. Three patients acquired hepatitis C virus infection during the interim, giving a new infection rate of 4.9% per patient-year. Antibody to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis C virus RNA or both was detected in 55.6% of patients with biochemical changes suggestive of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Of the 15 antibody to hepatitis C virus, second-generation enzyme immunoassay-positive patients, 66.7% had persistently normal serum transaminase levels. In summary, hepatitis C virus infection is common among hemodialysis patients. First-generation enzyme immunoassay is an unreliable assay for antibody to hepatitis C virus in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heat pipe radiator technology for space power systems (1986)

High-reliability high-performance deployable monogroove and dual-slot heat pipe radiator systems to meet the requirements for electric power in future space missions, such as the 300-kW(e) electric powder demand projected for NASA's Space Station, are discussed. Analytical model trade studies of various configurations show the advantages of the dual-slot heat pipe radiator for high temperature applications as well as its weight reduction potential over the 50-350 F temperature range. The ammonia-aluminum monogroove heat pipe, limited to below-180 F operating temperatures, is under development, and can employ methanol-stainless steel heat pipes to achieve operating temperatures in excess of 300 F. Dual-slot heat pipe configuration proof-of-concept testing was begun in 1985.
Single and repetitive surge current events of 3.3 kV-20 A 4H-SiC JBS rectifiers: the impact of the anode layout (2020)

Commercially available high voltage Silicon Carbide (SiC) Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) are typically designed with advanced anode topography depending on the manufacturer and the specific current-voltage rating. The anode layout of JBS rectifiers affects a wide range of electro-thermal parameters such as the leakage current and the response of the diode to over-current events (surge current capability). In this paper, the effect of 3D anode geometries for the active area of 3.3 kV-20 A SiC JBS diodes is investigated in detail for both single and repetitive surge current events. By means of advanced 3D electro-thermal finite element simulations, a trade-off between the main factors which are contributing to the bipolar behavior activation is identified.
Zaleplon improves sleep without producing rebound effects in outpatients with insomnia (2000)

The efficacy and safety of three doses of zaleplon, a novel non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, were compared with those of placebo in outpatients with insomnia in this 4-week study, using zolpidem 10 mg as active comparator. Postsleep questionnaires were used to determine treatment effects on the patient's perception of sleep, as well as any development of pharmacological tolerance during therapy or rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation of therapy. During week 1, sleep latency was significantly shorter with zaleplon 5, 10, and 20 mg compared to placebo. The significant decrease in sleep latency persisted through week 4 with zaleplon 20 mg, and was again evident with zaleplon 10 mg at week 3. Zaleplon 20 mg also had significant effects on sleep duration, number of awakenings, and sleep quality compared to placebo. No pharmacological tolerance developed during treatment with zaleplon and there were no indications of rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms after treatment discontinuation. Zolpidem 10 mg had significant effects on sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep quality compared to placebo. However, a significantly greater incidence of withdrawal symptoms and a suggestion of sleep difficulty after treatment discontinuation (rebound insomnia) for all sleep measures was seen with zolpidem compared to placebo. There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse events with active treatment compared to placebo. These results show that zaleplon provides effective treatment of insomnia with a favourable safety profile.
Mapas da opereta no Brasil (2009)

Um mapa da opereta no teatro brasileiro do Segundo Reinado as primeiras decadas da Republica significa antes de tudo reconstituir um determinado “genero” a partir de um conjunto de informacoes sobre a producao e recepcao, abrindo mao de uma analise centrada em autores e obras. A pesquisa propoe um duplo movimento: mapa da producao, estrutura teatral-musical, por meio da observacao dos dados coletados em partituras e libretos e demais materiais, e da identificacao de determinados padroes estruturais, de composicao, temas, recursos, matrizes principais, que iluminem a constituicao de um tipo ideal. Para isso, e fundamental pensar na relacao entre o teatro e musica no processo de formacao do teatro brasileiro. Num segundo momento, o mapa da recepcao a ser elaborado para dar conta de questoes relativas ao publico, criterios de julgamento, a partir de revistas, jornais, cartas. Trata-se de uma geografia de seus significados, na literatura, na imprensa, nas cartas, e de seus aspectos sociais, politicos e culturais, em dialogo com as suas geografias ligeiras. Desta maneira, as nocoes de genero e mapa sao aqui antes ferramentas de trabalho que algo relativo ao objeto, pois depende da pesquisa a sua consistencia, nao esta determinado a priori num exemplo, como a opera-bufa francesa = opereta. Numa perspectiva comparativa menos normativa, ela nao passaria de um caso ou ocorrencia, ja que, mesmo sendo imprescindivel para definir a particularidade do genero do outro lado do Atlântico, nao esgota ou determina seu significado em geral. A comunicacao neste sentido e uma apresentacao de topicos iniciais do projeto de pesquisa que serao testados ao longo do seu desenvolvimento. Sobre sua relacao com o tema proposto para o perfil da Reuniao Cientifica e a sobreposicao de aspectos e instâncias que, presentes no objeto e na abordagem da pesquisa, parecem tratar de teatralidades contemporâneas.
V-shaped micro-structure optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and temperature (2019)

We propose and demonstrate a novel and compact optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index (RI) and temperature. The sensor is fabricated by employing the eccentric-core fiber (ECF), which is polished to a V-shaped micro-structure optical fiber (MOF). One side of the MOF is used as the RI sensing channel, and the other side is used as the temperature sensing channel. Two sensing channels are independent without crosstalk. The sensor has high RI sensitivity up to the maximum of 3376 nm/RIU from 1.333 to 1.385 RIU, and high-temperature sensitivity up to -2.65 nm/°C from 20°C to 60°C. In addition, owing to the few-mode light in the ECF, the full width at half-maximum is smaller than other SPR sensors based on multimode fiber. This sensor will be extremely helpful to improve the RI measurement uncertainty caused by temperature disturbance.
Fluorescence standards: Classification, terminology, and recommendations on their selection, use, and production (IUPAC Technical Report) (2010)

Chromophore-based fluorescence standards for the characterization of photo-luminescence measuring systems and the determination of relevant fluorometric quantities are classified according to their scope and area of application. General and type-specific requirements for suitable standards are derived for each class of standards. Metrological requirements linked to the realization of comparable measurements are addressed and recommendations on selecting, using, and developing fluorescence standards are given.
Neptune (2011)

This paper describes Neptune, a mobile manipulator designed as an assistive device for the rehabilitation of children with special needs, such as those suffering from Cerebral-Palsy. Neptune consists of a mobile robot base and a 6DOF robotic arm, and it is interfaced to users via Wii Remote, iPad, Neural Headset, a camera, and pressure sensors. These interfaces allow patients, therapists and operators to interact with the robot in multiple ways, as may be appropriate in assistive scenarios such as: direct physical interaction with the iPad, arm positioning exercises through WiiMote, remote navigation and object retrieval through the environment via the Neural Headset, etc. In this paper we present an overview of the system and discuss its future uses in rehabilitation of CP children.
Design and Fabrication of Acousto-Optic Devices (2021)

Principles of acousto-optics design of acousto-optic deflectors design of acoustic-optic modulators acousto-optic tunable filters transducer design acousto-optic device manufacturing testing of acousto-optic devices.
New directions in X-ray microscopy (2011)

The development of high brightness X-ray sources and high resolution X-ray optics has led to rapid advances in X-ray microscopy. Scanning microscopes and full-field instruments are in operation at synchrotron light sources worldwide, and provide spatial resolution routinely in the 25–50 nm range using zone plate focusing elements. X-ray microscopes can provide elemental maps and/or chemical sensitivity in samples that are too thick for electron microscopy. Lensless techniques, such as diffraction microscopy, holography and ptychography are also being developed. In high resolution imaging of radiation-sensitive material the effects of radiation damage needs to be carefully considered. This article is designed to provide an introduction to the current state and future prospects of X-ray microscopy for the non-expert.
Room temperature concurrent formation of ultra-dense arrays of ferroelectric domain walls (2015)

Properties of ferroelectric domain walls are attractive for future nano- and optoelectronics. An important element is the potential to electrically erase/rewrite domain walls inside working devices. Dense domain wall patterns, formed upon cooling through the ferroelectric phase transition, were demonstrated. However, room temperature domain wall writing is done with a cantilever tip, one domain stripe at a time, and reduction of the inter-wall distance is limited by the tip diameter. Here, we show, at room temperature, controlled formation of arrays of domain walls with sub-tip-diameter spacing (i.e., inter-wall distance down to ≈10 nm). Each array contains 100–200 concurrently formed walls. Array rewriting is confirmed. The method is demonstrated in several materials. Dense domain pattern formation through a continuous electrode, practical for potential device applications, is also demonstrated. A quantitative theory of the phenomenon is provided.
A Photo-Favorskii Ring Contraction Reaction: The Effect of Ring Size (2012)

The effect of ring size on the photo-Favorskii induced ring-contraction reaction of the hydroxybenzocycloalkanonyl acetate and mesylate esters (7a-d, 8a-c) has provided new insight into the mechanism of the rearrangement. By monotonically decreasing the ring size in these cyclic derivatives, the increasing ring strain imposed on the formation of the elusive bicyclic spirocyclopropanone 20 results in a divergence away from rearrangement and toward solvolysis. Cycloalkanones of seven or eight carbons undergo a highly efficient photo-Favorskii rearrangement with ring contraction paralleling the photochemistry of p-hydroxyphenacyl esters. In contrast, the five-carbon ring does not rearrange but is diverted to the photosolvolysis channel avoiding the increased strain energy that would accompany the formation of the spirobicyclic ketone, the "Favorskii intermediate 20". The six-carbon analogue demonstrates the bifurcation in reaction channels, yielding a solvent-sensitive mixture of both. Employing a combination of time-resolved absorption measurements, quantum yield determinations, isotopic labeling, and solvent variation studies coupled with theoretical treatment, a more comprehensive mechanistic description of the rearrangement has emerged.
In This Issue, Volume 8, Issue 9 (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEIn This IssueNEXTIn This Issue, Volume 8, Issue 9Robert B. KargboCite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 9, 892Publication Date (Web):September 14, 2017Publication History Published online14 September 2017Published inissue 14 September 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00348https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00348in-briefACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views472Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (767 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cancer therapy,Cell signaling,Diabetes,Organophosphorus compounds,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Transformateur rotatif de données à 125Mbits/s : Tests sur un système réel (1998)

Keywords: transformateur rotatif ; test ; systeme reel Reference EPFL-REPORT-166533 Record created on 2011-06-06, modified on 2017-05-10
Acetate causes endothelium-independent increases in cyclic AMP in rat caudal artery (1988)

The mechanism of the vasorelaxant action of acetate is unknown. Because cyclic nucleotides have been linked to vasorelaxation in vascular smooth muscle, we studied the effects of acetate on tissue adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in rat caudal artery. Acetate (4 mM) induced an increase in tissue cAMP levels (control: 5.1 +/- 0.67, acetate: 7.1 +/- 0.97 pmol/mg protein, P less than 0.05), with the increase noted as early as 15-30 s after acetate exposure, and peaking at 60 s. The time course of the cAMP response was compatible with the vasorelaxant effect of acetate against an arginine vasopressin (AVP, 2 X 10(-9) M) contraction. Both the increase in cAMP and the vasorelaxant effect were completely blocked by 10(-3) M 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Acetate increased cAMP levels in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-treated tissue with an effective concentration producing 50% of the maximum response (EC50) of 1.5 mM, similar to the relaxant EC50 (without IBMX) of 2.2 mM against an AVP contraction. In other experiments, the effect of acetate on cAMP was shown to be independent of endothelium. In contrast, acetate had no effect on tissue cGMP levels, whether the endothelium was present or absent. The results suggest that acetate causes an increase in tissue cAMP levels that is not dependent on presence of a functioning endothelium. The changes in cAMP may be contributory to the vasorelaxant effect of acetate in the caudal artery.
Effect of propeptide mutations on post-translational processing of factor IX. Evidence that beta-hydroxylation and gamma-carboxylation are independent events. (1987)

Post-translational processing of Factor IX includes glycosylation, cleavage of the signal peptide and propeptide, vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, and beta-hydroxylation of aspartic acid at residue 64 to form beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. The human Factor IX cDNA coding sequence was modified in the propeptide region (residue -18 to -1) using oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis, and the altered Factor IX cDNA was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The effects of the mutations on proteolytic processing, gamma-carboxylation, and beta-hydroxylation were assessed by direct structural analysis. After purification, the molecular weight of each of the recombinant Factor IX species and its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence were shown to be identical to those of plasma Factor IX. gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid and beta-hydroxyaspartic acid analyses revealed that recombinant wild-type Factor IX contained 9.2 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and 0.3 beta-hydroxyaspartic acid residues/molecule compared with 11.4 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and 0.39 beta-hydroxyaspartic acid residues in plasma Factor IX. When the 18-residue propeptide was deleted or when the cells were grown in the presence of sodium warfarin, secreted Factor IX contained no detectable gamma-carboxyglutamic acid but 0.36 and 0.40 residues of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid, respectively. Point mutations leading to substitution of alanine for phenylalanine at residue -16 or glutamic acid for alanine at residue -10 contained 0.2 and 1.7 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, respectively, and 0.2 residues of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. These data confirm that the propeptide mutations made do not interfere with proteolytic processing and that the Factor IX propeptide contains a recognition site that designates the adjacent glutamic acid-rich domain for gamma-carboxylation. In contrast, beta-hydroxylation of aspartic acid 64 is an independent process which does not require vitamin K and is mediated through a hydroxylation recognition site in the mature Factor IX, not in the propeptide.
The impact of virtual reality simulation training on operative performance in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (2022)

Meta-analysis suggests that performance measured by OSATS and time to completion of task is improved with VRT compared with NAT for junior trainee in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, conclusions are limited by methodological heterogeneity and more research is needed to quantify the potential benefit to surgical training.
Major aspects of the epidemiology of breast cancer (1980)

Current understanding of the major aspects of breast cancer epidemiology is reviewed. These include exogenous factors such as viruses, and the use of oral contraceptives and of estrogens. Endogenous factors are also described, especially those relating to reproductive experience. Current endocrine hypotheses relating to breast cancer etiology are described, and the estrogen balance hypothesis is presented in detail. A new area of epidemiologic research is now developing rapidly. This relates to the value of the parenchymal pattern as a marker of risk in young women. The role of this factor per se and in relation to other risk factors is described. Current approaches to breast cancer control are inadequate but will be discussed.
Horizontal Well Drill-In Fluid Utilising Alcohol Ethoxylate (1995)

Abstract The drilling of horizontal wells in the last 6 years has significantly improved the economics of oil and gas production from depleted reservoirs or tight sands. This paper illustrates the application of an alcohol ethoxylate into a drill-in fluid designed to minimise formation damage in low permeability sandstones while drilling horizontal sections as long as 1,617 metres (5,306 ft) at depths approaching 6,580 metres (21,600 ft) and to facilitate formation cleanup. The chemistry of alcohol ethoxylates/alkoxylates are described and the more popular names used within the industry will be discussed. Laboratory results are presented which illustrate colloidal phenomena not previously reported with these systems, the routes taken for successful application into a drill-in fluid and how complex these particular colloidal systems are from a physical chemical viewpoint, along with the inevitable "learning curve" required to fully optimise these systems. Generalised case histories from the UK Southern North Sea will be described, along with field observations which back up the colloidal phenomena seen in the laboratory.
Distance Coding in 3D Sound Fields (2002)

This investigation proposes a possibility to synthesise 3D sound fields over loudspeakers taking distance coding into account. The system can be divided into two parts combining the benefits both using the Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) and the Ambisonic approach. In order to code the virtual source distances the driving functions using a derivative of the WFS approach are primarily calculated. In the second step the apparent solid angle of the sources are coded using the extended Ambisonic approach.
Effect of Spirulina platensis extract on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression in corneal inflammation in rat ( Rattus novergicus ) strain wistar (2019)

Background: Spirulina is a microalga known as has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial and radioprotective properties. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences in VEGF expression in response to various dosages of Spirulina platensis (SP) topical treatment in normal and corneal inflammation in the rat. 
Material and Methods: This was an experimental study. SP powdered extract was obtained by maceration method using water as a solvent. Effect on VEGF expression was analyzed after SP aqueous extract topical treatment in corneal inflammation rat model for four times a day, over seven days. Corneal inflammation was induced by basic chemical trauma using 1N NaOH. VEGF expression was analyzed by histopathology: cornea samples were made into microscope slides and stained with immunofluorescent stain. Quantification was aided with confocal laser microscopy. 
Results: Significant differences of VEGF expression were observed after topical treatment with 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL dosages. A significant correlation was also observed between SP treatment dosages and VEGF expression. 
Conclusion: Topical SP treatments at 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL concentrations have anti-angiogenic effects by reducing VEGF expression in the cornea inflammation model in rats.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum KACC 91563 (2011)

Bifidobacterium longum strains predominate in the colonic microbiota of breast-fed infants. Here we report the complete genome sequence of B. longum subsp. longum KACC 91563, isolated from feces of neonates. A single circular chromosome of 2,385,301 bp contains 1,980 protein-coding genes, 56 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA operons.