gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive multiscale model for simulating cardiac conduction (2010)

We present a multiscale model and an adaptive numerical scheme for simulating cardiac action potential propagation along a linear strand of heart muscle cells. This model couples macroscale partial differential equations posed over the tissue to microscale equations posed over discrete cellular geometry. The microscopic equations are used only near action potential wave fronts, and the macroscopic equations are used everywhere else. We study the effects of gap-junctional and ephaptic coupling on conduction in the multiscale model and its fully macroscale and fully microscale analogues. Our simulations reveal that the adaptive multiscale model accurately reproduces the action potential wave forms and wave speeds of the fully microscale model. They also demonstrate that, at low gap-junctional conductivities, the accuracy of fully macroscale simulations is sensitive to numerical grid spacing. Moreover, adaptive multiscale simulations capture the effect of ephaptic coupling, whereas fully macroscale simulations do not. We propose two ways of generalizing our multiscale model to higher dimensions, and we argue that such generalizations may be necessary to obtain accurate three-dimensional simulations of cardiac conduction in certain pathophysiological parameter regimes.
The evaluation of graft irradiation as a method of preventing hemolysis after ABO-mismatched renal transplantation (2002)

Abstract Hemolysis may occur after organ transplantation. In most cases, hemolysis is drug-related, such as to cyclosporin, etc. However, it is important to consider graft-versus-host antibody formation as one of the causes of hemolysis. We evaluated the effect of local graft irradiation as a method of preventing hemolysis arising from ABO antibody formation after ABO-mismatched renal transplantations. The participants in this study were 44 patients who had undergone ABO-mismatched renal transplantation. Of these patients, 23 were subjected to postoperative local irradiation, and 21 were not. We examined the characteristics of anti-blood-type antibodies, and we also compared the frequency of the development of antibody formation and hemolysis development between the groups. The development rates of anti-ABO-antibody formation and hemolysis were significantly higher in the patients without local irradiation (15/21, 71%; 6/21, 29%) than in those with local irradiation (1/23, 4%; 0/23, 0%). The elevated antibodies mainly belonged to the IgG class, not the IgM class. The hemolysis- and antibody formation observed in the patients originally without postoperative local irradiation was dramatically improved by graft irradiation. Local graft irradiation after ABO-mismatched renal transplantations may be needed to prevent the formation of anti-ABO antibodies and to impede the development of hemolysis.
Partial trisomy 3q and the mild Cornelia de Lange syndrome phenotype. (1995)

Table 2 Combinations of mutant alleles in patients with glycogen storage disease type II Infantile J7uvenile Adult o( glucosidase activity* IVS 1(-1 3T-.G)/IVS 1(-1 3T_*G)
Perylene bisbenzimidazole nonlinear dielectric material for energy storage (2019)

A novel perylene bisbenzimidazole comprising both donor and acceptor functional groups was designed, synthesized, and characterized. This structure exhibits potentially useful physical properties, including a nonlinear dielectric response to an increasing electric field. This material can be used in energy storage devices as the dielectric part of a capacitor. Energy storage devices based on film capacitors are targeting applications in a wide range of industrial, residential and transportation systems.
Using urls and table layout for web classification tasks (2004)

We propose new features and algorithms for automating Web-page classification tasks such as content recommendation and ad blocking. We show that the automated classification of Web pages can be much improved if, instead of looking at their textual content, we consider each links's URL and the visual placement of those links on a referring page. These features are unusual: rather than being scalar measurements like word counts they are tree structured---describing the position of the item in a tree. We develop a model and algorithm for machine learning using such tree-structured features. We apply our methods in automated tools for recognizing and blocking Web advertisements and for recommending "interesting" news stories to a reader. Experiments show that our algorithms are both faster and more accurate than those based on the text content of Web documents.
Towards asynchronous metacomputing in MPI (2003)

Metacomputing so far has been done mostly in more or less static configurations. However, applications with dynamic irregular behavior are increasing in significance and the computing platforms more often are time-sharing environments with varying system load. Thus, possibilities for dynamic connection and dynamic workload migration are becoming important. The paper discusses an approach to perform asynchronous workload balancing using the standard parallel library MPI. MPI and threads typically live in more or less separated worlds and the thread extension of MPI-2 is mainly meant to exploit more efficiently per SMP node within a model which is still mostly SPMD. We have extended MPI by dynamic mechanisms to automatically balance workload on the basis of threads and dynamic status/resource monitoring. Our extended library TeMPI is designed to run with in a minimum version with MPICH and thus MPICH-G2 in the Globus grid environment.
Ambient Conditions Prior to Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Considerations for Acclimation or Acclimatization Strategies (2019)

The Tokyo Olympics and Paralympic games in 2020 will be held in hot and humid conditions. Heat acclimation (in a climatic chamber) or heat acclimatization (natural environment) is essential to prepare the (endurance) athletes and reduce the performance loss associated with work in the heat. Based on the 1990-2018 hourly meteorological data of Tokyo and the derived wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (Liljegren method), Heat Index and Humidex, it is shown that the circumstances prior to the games are likely not sufficiently hot to fully adapt to the heat. For instance, the WBGT 2 weeks prior to the games at the hottest moment of the day (13:00 h) is 26.4 ± 2.9°C and 28.6 ± 2.8°C during the games. These values include correction for global warming. The daily variation in thermal strain indices during the Tokyo Olympics (WBGT varying by 4°C between the early morning and the early afternoon) implies that the time of day of the event has a considerable impact on heat strain. The Paralympics heat strain is about 1.5°C WBGT lower than the Olympics, but may still impose considerable heat strain since the Paralympic athletes often have a reduced ability to thermoregulate. It is therefore recommended to acclimate about 1 month prior to the Olympics under controlled conditions set to the worst-case Tokyo climate and re-acclimatize in Japan or surroundings just prior to the Olympics.
Met-HGF/SF mediates growth arrest and differentiation in T47D breast cancer cells. (1999)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a pluripotent growth factor that exerts mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic effects. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the pluripotent function of this growth factor, T47D human breast cancer cells were transfected with human hgf/sf. The hgf/sf-positive clones exhibited different levels of biologically functional HGF/SF expression and up-regulation of endogenous Met (HGF/SF receptor) expression. In addition, a constitutive phosphorylation of the receptor on tyrosine residues was detected, establishing a Met-HGF/SF autocrine loop. The autocrine activation of Met caused marked inhibition in cell growth accompanied by cell accumulation at G0/G1. These cells underwent terminal cell differentiation as determined by morphological changes, synthesis of milk proteins such as beta-casein and alpha-lactalbumin, and production of lipid vesicles. Our results demonstrate that Met-HGF/SF, an oncogenic signal transduction pathway, is capable of inducing growth arrest and differentiation in certain breast cancer cells and, thus, may have potential as therapeutic and/or prognostic tools in breast cancer treatment.
Production of isobutyric acid from methanol by Clostridium luticellarii (2020)

<italic>Clostridium luticellarii</italic> can produce up to 5.0 g L<sup>−1</sup> isobutyric acid from methanol with acetic and butyric acid supplementation.
Object-oriented design of adaptive multicast communications (2003)

Multicast (group) communications have been widely recognized by current research and industry. Multicast is very useful for various network applications such as distributed (replicated) database, video/audio conference, information distribution and server locations etc. But design and implementation of such multicast communication systems in networks are complicated tasks, especially when quality of service (QoS) of applications such as real time and reliability are desired. In order to quickly design and implement multicast communication, good tools are crucial and must be facilitated. The paper presents a novel object oriented (OO) QoS driven approach for the quick design and prototyping of multicast communication systems under certain QoS requirements, for multicast message transmission and receptions such as real time, total ordering, atomicity and fault tolerance etc.
A Wide Range Spatial Frequency Analysis of Intra-Die Variations with 4-mm 4000 × 1 Transistor Arrays in 90nm CMOS (2007)

In order to investigate the systematic intra-die variations, the intra-die threshold voltage and on-current variations are measured thanks to 4-mm 4000 × 1 transistor arrays with 1 μm transistor-pitch in a 90 nm CMOS technology, achieving the widest spatial distribution range. The spatial frequency analysis of the variations indicates that both variations are random across 4 mm. The dependence of both variations on body bias is also measured and the relationships between threshold voltage variations and on-current variations are analyzed by using the alpha-power law model.
Protease Catalyzed In Situ C-Terminal Modification of Oligoglutamate (2010)

One-pot biotransformations gave oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu) decorated with selected amine-functionalized end-groups at C-termini. Motivations for this work were to (i) control the end group structure of peptides synthesized by protease-catalyzed peptide synthesis and (ii) incorporate end-groups that can be used directly or after further modification as polymerizable entities. Papain, bromelain, α-chymotrypsin, Multifect P-3000, and Purafect prime 4000 L were used as catalysts for oligomerization of γ-l-(Et)2-Glu in the presence of monofunctional amines. The series of amine nucleophiles (NH2-R, acyl acceptors) studied mimic phenylalanine in that they possess aromatic rings linked to amine groups by one or more methylenes. Generally, addition of increased quantities of NH2-R from 0 to 30, 50, and 70 mol % with respect to γ-l-(Et)2-Glu results in decreased % yield, but increased mol % of NH2-R end-capped oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu)-NH-R (determined by NMR). Irrespective of the protease used, 2-thiophene methyl amine (TPMA) gave the highest fraction of oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu)-NH-R chains. For example, using Multifect P-3000 and a feed ratio of TPMA-to γ-l-(Et)2-Glu of 7:3, >90 mol % of oligopeptides formed had TPMA C-terminal groups. With all five proteases studied herein, l-phenylalanine and l-histidine did not produce end-capped oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu). In contrast, l-phenylalanine analogs benzylamine (BzA) and l-phenylalaninol (F-OH), both of which lack the α-carboxyl group, gave substantial quantities of oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu)-F-OH or -BzA chains. Hence, the results of this study prove that the promiscuity of proteases used herein can be exploited to create a diverse family of desired end-functionalized oligopeptides. MALDI-TOF spectra recorded of oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu) with amine nucleophiles showed molecular ions that affirmed the formation of corresponding NH2-R functionalized oligo(γ-l-Et-Glu).
A FEM Thermal Analysis on a Novel Designed Air-Gap Insulated Piston (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A novel design of an air-gap insulated piston has been proposed which is expected to give a longer life compared to the past designs and lower heat transfer there by increasing its crown temperature. Also it is light weight. The basic design of the piston, where the crown is separated from the body of the piston through a thick composite gasket. The crown and the piston base are fitted together by an interference fitting and locked by oval shaped rivets. A steady state two dimensional thermal analysis is done on the piston for the following five cases using FEM: Aluminum piston single piece as reference, aluminum crown with thick composite gasket and air-gap with aluminum base, composite crown and air-gap with aluminum base, all composite piston without air-gap and all composite with air-gap. Constant temperatures are assumed at gas, liner and oil boundaries of the piston. Also the film coefficients on the piston boundaries are kept constant for all the cases. The analysis gives a detailed study on the temperature distribution in the piston and heat flux through different surfaces of the piston. Heat loss reduction ranged between 17.4% to 60% in the four cases compared with the reference piston. Similarly, the crown temperature increased in the range of 16.3% to 76.4%.&lt;/div&gt;
EPOCH-F: A salvage regimen for multiple myeloma prior to reduced intensity allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2009)

8592 Background: Variation in baseline host immune status contributes to inconsistent donor engraftment and may impede maximal graft-versus-myeloma effects after reduced intensity allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIHSCT) for advanced multiple myeloma (MM). As no specific salvage regimen has been designed for MM patients being considered for RIHSCT, we evaluated EPOCH-F a novel salvage regimen designed to provide disease control and immune depletion. Methods: EPOCH-F is an infusional chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of etoposide, vincristine and adriamycin, with prednisone, cyclophosphamide and fludarabine given in 21 day cycles prior to RIHSCT. Targeting a CD4+ T cell count, 22 pts were treated &lt;5 cycles of EPOCH-F. Pts proceeded to RIHSCT after adequate lymphodepletion or if there was disease progression during EPOCH-F, regardless of CD4 count. Results: Median age was 53 years (range 36–65); median time from initial therapy to transplant was 12 months (range 2–168). Median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 1–8), 63% had chemotherapy sensitive disease and 68% had received a novel agent. Pts received a median of 3 cycles (range 1–5), with manageable toxicities, mostly hematologic. Grade IV Neutropenia was seen in 77% of the administered cycles with only 6 episodes of neutropenic fever. Median lymphocyte count decreased from 1423/μL (range 335–2788) to 519/μL (range 102–1420); CD4 count decreased from 320/μL (range 130–1366) to 115/μL (30–309). In 21 evaluable pts, the ≥PR rate to EPOCH-F was 22% with 13% CR/nCR. 68% had SD and only 1 pt progressed. 20 pts underwent RIHSCT from HLA matched sibling. Median Day 100 chimerism was 100% (range 60–100, mean 95). 70% of patients achieved ≥VGPR and CR/nCR was seen in 40%. Acute GVHD (grade II-IV) was seen in 47% and chronic GVHD (grade III-IV) was seen in 52% of the pts. TRM at 100 days was 5% and 30% at 60 months. Median overall survival of patients after RIHSCT was 46.1 months. Conclusions: EPOCH-F is an active regimen which provides pre-transplantation lympho-depletion, disease control and allows consistent engraftment in multiple myeloma patients undergoing RIHSCT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Differential T‐cell activation by B7‐1 expression (2003)

T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation requires cosimulation signal, which can be provided by B7-1 molecule. Our previous study demonstrated that the coexpression of a covalent peptide/major histocompatibility complex class II molecule complex and costimulatory molecule B7-1 by recombinant adenovirus leads to synergy in peptide-specific T-cell activation. However, the viral antigen-specific T-cell activation is not enhanced by B7-1 expressed by the adenovirus. To verify the differential T cell activation by B7-1 and investigate its underlying mechanisms, we constructed an adenovirus coexpressing a covalent complex of hen egg lysozyme peptide/I-Ak (HEL46-61/I-Ak) and B7-1 in the present study. In vivo studies revealed that HEL46-61-specific T-cell response, but not viral antigen-specific T-cell response, was enhanced by B7-1 expression mediated by the adenovirus, suggesting that exogenous B7-1 expression may regulate T-cell response to these two different antigens through distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, our results revealed that antigen-presenting cells were not susceptible to adenovirus infection in vivo. Based on these findings, the possible mechanism of differential B7-1 costimulation on peptide-specific and viral antigen-specific T-cell activation is discussed.
Enhanced Light Absorption and Radiative Forcing by Black Carbon Agglomerates (2023)

The climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change list black carbon (BC) as an important contributor to global warming based on its radiative forcing (RF) impact. Examining closely these models, it becomes apparent that they might underpredict significantly the direct&amp;#160;RF&amp;#160;for BC, largely due to their assumed spherical BC morphology. Specifically, the light absorption and direct&amp;#160;RF of BC agglomerates are enhanced by light scattering between their constituent primary particles as determined by the Rayleigh&amp;#8211;Debye&amp;#8211;Gans theory interfaced with discrete dipole approximation and recent relations for the refractive index and lensing effect. The light absorption of BC is enhanced by about 20 % by the multiple light scattering between BC primary particles regardless of the compactness of their agglomerates. The resulting light absorption agrees very well with the observed absorption aerosol optical depth of BC. ECHAM-HAM simulations accounting for the realistic BC morphology and its coatings reveal high direct&amp;#160;RF&amp;#160;= 3&amp;#8211;5 W/m2&amp;#160;in East, South Asia, sub-Sahara, western Africa, and the Arabian peninsula. These results are in agreement with satellite and AERONET observations of&amp;#160;RF&amp;#160;and indicate a regional climate warming contribution by 0.75&amp;#8211;1.25 &amp;#176;C, solely due to BC emissions.
Crosslinking of a 28-Residue N-Terminal Peptide of Actin to Myosin Subfragment 1 (1995)

The N-terminal 28-residue peptide of actin whose Cys10 was labeled with 5-iodoacetamido-fluorescein (F3K peptide) was isolated from the fluorescently labeled thrombin digest of actin. The effect of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) on the fluorescence of F3K peptide was examined in the absence of ATP. With increasing concentration of S1 added, the fluorescence intensity of F3K peptide increased by maximally 7.3% with an apparent dissociation constant of 5.7 microM, suggesting a role of this peptide region of actin in acto-S1 binding in rigor. F3K peptide was crosslinked with S1 at 10 mM NaCl using a zero-length crosslinker by the method of Grabarek and Gergely [Anal. Biochem. 185, 131-135 (1990)]. The crosslinking was greatly inhibited by the presence of either 0.2 M NaCl or 5 mM MgATP. The analyses of amino acid compositions and sequences of the fluorescent peptides isolated from a lysylendopeptidase digest of the crosslinked S1 indicated that F3K peptide was mainly crosslinked to residues 637-642 of the S1 heavy chain. The crosslinked S1 was isolated by selectively pelleting the uncrosslinked S1 with F-actin. ATPase activity of the isolated crosslinked S1 alone was twice as high as that of control S1. The actin-activated ATPase activity of the crosslinked S1 was much lower than that of uncrosslinked S1. The estimated Vm and Km values were 1.72 s-1 and 125 microM, respectively. The Vm decreased to less than 1/8, while Km increased only twofold. The results suggest that the N-terminal 28-residue segment of actin may be implicated in the rigor binding of actomyosin and in the actin-activation of myosin ATPase, but may not be the main determinant of actomyosin binding in the presence of ATP.
CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING OF PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM RECA WITH SINGLE-STRANDED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING 5-FORMYL-2′-DEOXYURIDINE (2001)

We report the first example of chemical cross-linking of 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine containing oligonucleotides with oligopeptides through a Schiff base formation. Twenty amino acid residue peptides investigated here were derived from the DNA binding site of RecA protein. We have demonstrated that the lysine residue placed at the 6th or 8th position from the N-terminus of the peptide directly contacts with DNA.
IDEAS: Immersive Dome Experiences for Accelerating Science (2019)

Astrophysics lies at the crossroads of big datasets (such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and Gaia), open source software to visualize and interpret high dimensional datasets (such as Glue, WorldWide Telescope, and OpenSpace), and uniquely skilled software engineers who bridge data science and research fields. At the same time, more than 4,000 planetariums across the globe immerse millions of visitors in scientific data. We have identified the potential for critical synergy across data, software, hardware, locations, and content that -- if prioritized over the next decade -- will drive discovery in astronomical research. Planetariums can and should be used for the advancement of scientific research. Current facilities such as the Hayden Planetarium in New York City, Adler Planetarium in Chicago, Morrison Planetarium in San Francisco, the Iziko Planetarium and Digital Dome Research Consortium in Cape Town, and Visualization Center C in Norrkoping are already developing software which ingests catalogs of astronomical and multi-disciplinary data critical for exploration research primarily for the purpose of creating scientific storylines for the general public. We propose a transformative model whereby scientists become the audience and explorers in planetariums, utilizing software for their own investigative purposes. In this manner, research benefits from the authentic and unique experience of data immersion contained in an environment bathed in context and equipped for collaboration. Consequently, in this white paper we argue that over the next decade the research astronomy community should partner with planetariums to create visualization-based research opportunities for the field. Realizing this vision will require new investments in software and human capital.
Determination of Nicotine Content and Delivery in Disposable Electronic Cigarettes Available in the United States by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Analyses of unpuffed E-Cigs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicate the nicotine content of these products can be considerably different from manufacture's labeling. Furthermore, a large portion of the nicotine in E-Cigs may not be transferred to the user, and that which is transferred, may often be in the less bioavailable form.