gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between the Acute Hemodynamic Effects and Brain Penetration of Atenolol and Metoprolol (1979)

Atenolol and metoprolol are beta 1-selective adrenergic receptor blockers, devoid of local anesthetic and intrinsic sympathomimetic properties. Their antihypertensive and hypotensive activities are equivalent. They differ with respect to their lipophilic character, as is apparent from their octanol/buffer (pH, 7.4 at 37 degrees C) partition coefficients: metoprolol, 1.084; atenolol, 0.012. We compared the two agents with regard to their acute hemodynamic effects and degree of penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and into the brain. For this purpose [3H]-metoprolol and [14C]-atenolol were injected either intravenously or into the left vertebral artery of chloralose-anesthetized cats. With both routes of administration, metoprolol, the more lipophilic of the two compounds, achieved much higher concentrations in the CSF and in the pontomedullary region than did atenolol. One hour after completion of an intravenous injection, the concentration of metoprolol in the CSF was about 6.5 times higher than that of atenolol; after administration into the vertebral artery, the difference was about ninefold. In spite of these considerable differences, the hypotensive and bradycardic activities of both drugs, administered intravenously or into the left vertebral artery, were virtually the same. These results suggest that the acute hemodynamic effects of metoprolol and atenolol are probably not due to an action within the central nervous system, but rather to a peripheral mechanism.
Ventilatory responses to subsystolic cuffing during submaximal exercise in heart failure (2019)

<b>Aims:</b> Heart failure patients with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF) exhibit an augmented ventilatory (V<sub>E</sub>) response during exercise; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if venous distention in the lower limb (via bilateral subsystolic cuffing) influences exercise V<sub>E</sub> in HF. We hypothesized that subsystolic cuffing during submaximal exercise will increase V<sub>E</sub> greater in HFrEF and HFpEF patients than healthy adults. <b>Methods:</b> HFpEF (n=10) and HFrEF (n=10) patients and age-matched healthy adults (n=10) performed 15 min of cycling exercise at 20 watts. The first 6 min consisted of no cuffing (CTL) followed by intermittent subsystolic bilateral thigh cuffing at 40 and 80 mmHg for 3 min (randomized) with 3 min deflation between occlusions. V<sub>E</sub>, tidal volume (V<sub>T</sub>), breathing frequency (<i>f</i><sub>B</sub>), and other variables were measured continuously via breath-by-breath open circuit spirometry. <b>Results:</b> During CTL exercise, there were no differences in V<sub>E</sub> among groups (HFpEF: 23.8±3.5 vs. HFrEF: 23.0±6.2 vs. Healthy: 20.6±3.5 L/min) (all, p&gt;0.05). Further, V<sub>E</sub> did not increase at 40 mmHg (HFpEF: 24.3±3.1 vs. HFrEF: 23.6±7.0 vs. Healthy: 21.3±2.9 L/min) or 80 mmHg (HFpEF: 24.1±3.2 vs. HFrEF: 24.7±7.0 vs. Healthy: 21.2±3.1 L/min) compared to CTL (all, p&gt;0.05). V<sub>T</sub> or <i>f</i><sub>B</sub> were not different among groups during CTL, 40 or 80 mmHg (all, p&gt;0.05). Dyspnea increased during 80 mmHg compared to CTL for HFrEF (p&lt;0.01), but not HFpEF or healthy (both, p&gt;0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that venous distension of the lower limb does not augment the ventilatory response to low-level exercise in HFpEF, HFrEF, or healthy adults.
A Method for Determining Normal Mode Number in Shallow Water Waveguide Based on Dispersion Curves (2021)

In order to determine the normal mode numbers from the received signal of broadband pulse sound source in shallow water waveguide, a method for determining normal mode numbers in shallow water waveguide based on Bayesian estimation theory is proposed in this paper. The dispersion curves extracted from the measured data is used as the input signal of Bayesian inversion theory, and the replica is calculated by dispersion formula, which is composed of bottom reflection phase shift parameter, depth, propagation range and average sound velocity in water. The bottom reflection phase shift parameter is used to describe the bottom geoacoustic parameters, which can reduce the number of inversion parameters and prevent interference between parameters. Then a double cost function for normal mode number and marine environmental inversion parameters is established, the determination of normal mode number takes precedence over parameters inversion. Finally, the normal mode number is determined accurately by comparing the dispersion curves calculated from the inversion results with the measured results. The method is not only simple and easy to operate, but also Significantly improve the calculation speed and inversion efficiency. The experimental data processing results prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.
Novel Hantavirus in the Flat-Skulled Shrew ( Sorex roboratus ) (2010)

Genetically distinct hantaviruses have been identified recently in multiple species of shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae) in Eurasia and North America. To corroborate decades-old reports of hantaviral antigens in shrews from Russia, archival liver and lung tissues from 4 Siberian large-toothed shrews (Sorex daphaenodon), 5 Eurasian least shrews (Sorex minutissimus), 12 flat-skulled shrews (Sorex roboratus), and 18 tundra shrews (Sorex tundrensis), captured in the Sakha Republic in northeastern Siberia during July and August 2006, were analyzed for hantavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A novel hantavirus, named Kenkeme virus, was detected in a flat-skulled shrew. Sequence analysis of the full-length S and partial M and L segments indicated that Kenkeme virus was genetically and phylogenetically distinct from Seewis virus harbored by the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), as well as all other rodent-, soricid-, and talpid-borne hantaviruses.
Time-Resolved SAXS Studies of the Kinetics of Thermally Triggered Release of Encapsulated Silica Nanoparticles from Block Copolymer Vesicles (2017)

Silica-loaded poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer vesicles are prepared in the form of concentrated aqueous dispersions via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). As the concentration of silica nanoparticles present during the PISA synthesis is increased up to 35% w/w, higher degrees of encapsulation of this component within the vesicles can be achieved. After centrifugal purification to remove excess non-encapsulated silica nanoparticles, SAXS, DCP, and TGA analysis indicates encapsulation of up to hundreds of silica nanoparticles per vesicle. In the present study, the thermally triggered release of these encapsulated silica nanoparticles is examined by cooling to 0 °C for 30 min, which causes <i>in situ</i> vesicle dissociation. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirm the change in diblock copolymer morphology and also enable direct visualization of the released silica nanoparticles. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering is used to quantify the extent of silica release over time. For an initial silica concentration of 5% w/w, cooling induces a vesicle-to-sphere transition with subsequent nanoparticle release. For higher silica concentrations (20 or 30% w/w) cooling only leads to perforation of the vesicle membranes, but silica nanoparticles are nevertheless released through the pores. For vesicles prepared in the presence of 30% w/w silica, the purified silica-loaded vesicles were cooled to 0 °C for 30 min, and SAXS patterns were collected every 15 s. A new SAXS model has been developed to determine both the mean volume fraction of encapsulated silica within the vesicles and the scattering length density. Satisfactory data fits to the experimental SAXS patterns were obtained using this model.
Supplementary Table 3 from Identification of Inhibitors of ABCG2 by a Bioluminescence Imaging–Based High-Throughput Assay (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Identification of Inhibitors of ABCG2 by a Bioluminescence Imaging–Based High-Throughput Assay
An Eulerian approach to the simulation of deformable solids: Application to finite-strain elasticity (2009)

We develop a computational method based on an Eulerian field called the "reference map", which relates the current location of a material point to its initial. The reference map can be discretized to permit finite-difference simulation of large solid-like deformations, in any dimension, of the type that might otherwise require the finite element method. The generality of the method stems from its ability to easily compute kinematic quantities essential to solid mechanics, that are elusive outside of Lagrangian frame. This introductory work focuses on large-strain, hyperelastic materials. After a brief review of hyperelasticity, a discretization of the method is presented and some non-trivial elastic deformations are simulated, both static and dynamic. The method's accuracy is directly verified against known analytical solutions.
Clarithromycin–Rifampin-Based Treatment for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Immunocompromised Patients who Require Concomitant CYP-Metabolized Medications (2021)

Clarithromycin (CYP inhibitor) can be used instead of azithromycin for nontuberculous mycobacteria therapy in patients requiring CYP substrates to mitigate rifampin's CYP induction. We found no differences in adverse events (10/13 vs 14/17; <i>P</i> = .73), drug intolerability (1/5 vs 4/11; <i>P</i> = 1), or 90-day mortality (0/13 vs 1/17; <i>P</i> = 1) in patients receiving clarithromycin vs azithromycin.
Automated pressure probe for measurement of water transport properties of higher plant cells (1986)

A computer-assisted instrument was constructed to measure the fundamental physical properties that regulate water transport at the cell level in plants. With this automated pressure probe, we measure a cell’s hydrostatic pressure by inserting an oil-filled glass capillary into the cell. The capillary is connected to a pressure sensor and to a plunger controlled by a stepper motor. At the capillary tip an interface forms between the cell sap and oil. The image of this interface is directed through a microscope to a video camera. The interface position is detected by a video processor sampling at 60 Hz and is regulated by a microcomputer which advances or retracts the plunger at rates up to 280 steps per second. To determine the hydraulic conductance of cell membranes, the computer carries out pressure-relaxation and pressure-clamp experiments. Pressure is recorded with a resolution of 0.02 bar and is regulated in pressure-clamp experiments at ±0.02 bar. The instrument measures the cell volumetric elastic modulus by injecting or removing small volumes from the cell while simultaneously measuring cell turgor pressure. This system was tested on the cells of pea seedlings and proved superior to the previous techniques, especially for pressure-clamp experiments and volumetric elastic modulus determinations.
Normalized matched filter - a low rank approach (2003)

This paper presents the performance of the normalized matched filter (NMF) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. Specifically, it is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is approximately CFAR. Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates.
Single pulse CARS noise: a comparison between single-mode and multimode pump lasers (1985)

An investigation of single pulse coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) noise, determined by the analysis of broadband nonresonant spectra, is described. It is shown that the use of a single-mode rather than a multimode pump laser leads to a significant reduction of CARS noise (40%), down to the level exhibited by the Stokes spectral profile itself. This reduction in noise is attributed to the minimization of the effects due to random variations in the laser temporal profiles by using temporally smooth single-mode laser pumps. A measurement of detector shot noise is presented and its effect on CARS noise is described. The advantages of using a single-mode pump laser in CARS spectroscopy are discussed.
Molecular beam studies of methyl radical reactions with halogen molecules: Product angular and velocity distributions (1976)

Angular and velocity distributions for the products CH3I from CH3+I2, IBr, and ICl and CH3Br from CH3+Br2 have been measured in a crossed molecular beam apparatus. A thermal (∼1000 °K) methyl beam was obtained by pyrolysis and the halogen beam from a supersonic nozzle source. Center of mass cross sections were derived by applying deconvolution procedures, where necessary, to correct for the resolution of the time-of-flight velocity analysis system and the thermal velocity distributions of the reactant beams. In all four reactions the methyl halide product recoils backward with respect to the incoming methyl radical. Although all reactions release similar fractions (∼0.3) of the total energy into translational motion, the energy distributions of the products from the Br2 and I2 reactions indicate product repulsion, whereas those from the mixed halogen reactions indicate more statistical behavior, as shown by a suprisal analysis.
REMOVAL OF SILICA PARTICLES FROM SILICON SUBSTRATES USING MEGASONIC CLEANING (1997)

ABSTRACT Non-contact surface cleaning is a desirable process in many surface cleaning applications in the semiconductor, hard disk, and flat panel display industries. The effects of power, temperature, and time on the removal efficiency of silica particles from silicon wafers are presented. Results show that removal efficiencies near 100% could be achieved using deionized water and SCI under the right conditions. Megasonic power exerts a greater influence on particle removal efficiency than does temperature, both in water and in SCI solution. Particle removal efficiency decreases when the ammonia content is decreased slightly from the 5:1:1 ratio, but increases again as ammonia content is further decreased. The efficiency then remains high, even for R as low as 0.01.
An Effective Approach to Determine the Dynamic Source Parameters (1996)

In this study, we present a new and effective method to determine the dynamic source parameters (i.e., stress drop and strength distribution). We first assume that the kinematic source parameters, i.e., the slip and rupture time distributions on the fault plane, are known from the previous source inversion studies. Then, using the seismic source representation theorem we determine the dynamic stress field on a fault plane from known kinematic parameters. Finally, we determine the strength of the fault defined as the peak stress just before the rupture. We have tested the validity of this method by using an illustrative two-dimensional analytical example. To assess the applicability of this method, we have applied it to study the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, and obtained consistent results with those of Miyatake’s (1992) and Quin’s (1990). Compared with previous methods, this new method is simple, straightforward and accurate, and needs much less calculation. Therefore, it is expected to be useful in exploring the seismic source process.
Abstract 376: Limits of [18F]-FLT PET as a predictive imaging biomarker of proliferation in oncology (2012)

Abstract Background: Surrogate, non-invasive imaging biomarkers of cellular proliferation hold great promise for quantifying response to personalized medicine in oncology. An emerging imaging approach to assess tumor proliferation utilizes the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3′-deoxy-3′[18F]-fluorothymidine, [18F]-FLT. Though several studies have associated serial changes in [18F]-FLT-PET with elements of therapeutic response, the degree to which [18F]-FLT uptake quantitatively reflects proliferative index has been continuously debated for more that a decade. The goal of this preclinical study was to elucidate quantitative relationships between [18F]-FLT-PET and cellular, proteomic, and genomic metrics proliferation in treatment naive tumors. Methods and Findings: [18F]-FLT-PET imaging was conducted in mice bearing human colorectal or breast cancer cell line xenografts. Quantitative relationships between PET imaging, thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) protein and RNA levels, and immunostaining for proliferation markers (Ki67, TK1) were evaluated using imaging-matched tumor specimens. Overall, we found that [18F]-FLT-PET reflects TK1 protein levels in tumors. However, the cell cycle specificity of TK1 expression and the variable degree to which tumors utilize thymidine salvage for DNA synthesis tend to decouple [18F]-FLT-PET data from estimates of proliferation by standard, clinically employed means. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate that [18F]-FLT-PET reflects tumor proliferation as a function of thymidine salvage pathway utilization. Therefore, unlike more generalizable proliferation markers, such as Ki67 immunostaining, tumor uptake of [18F]-FLT reflects proliferative indices to variable and potentially unreliable extents. [18F]-FLT-PET can not discriminate moderately proliferative, thymidine salvage driven disease from highly proliferative tumors that rely primarily upon de novo thymidine synthesis. For those reasons, the magnitude of [18F]-FLT uptake in treatment naive tumors should not be considered a surrogate of proliferative index. These data provide rationale for the diversity of correlative results reported, both positive and discordant, comparing [18F]-FLT-PET and tumor proliferation across numerous single-center clinical studies and provide a basis for future clinical best-practices when this imaging biomarker is employed in oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 376. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-376
Abstract 17340: High Fat Diet Exacerbates Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate (Up4A)-Mediated Decrease in Coronary Flow in Atherosclerotic ApoE Knockout Mice: Role of Purinergic P2X1 Receptors (2015)

Introduction: Up4A, a novel endothelium-derived vasoactive agent, is proposed to play a role in cardiovascular disorder via activation of P2 receptors (P2R). Here, we evaluated the vasoactive effect of Up4A on coronary flow (CF) in ApoE knockout mice (KO) with and without high fat diet (HFD). Methods: Functional studies were conducted in isolated mouse hearts using Langendorff and isolated coronary arteries (diameter≈100 μm) using wire Myograph. Immunofluorescence was performed for P2X1R expression in isolated coronary arteries. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline CF (ml/min/g) among wild type (WT, 18.4±0.5), ApoE KO (17.6±1.1) and ApoE KO+HFD (15.9±1.0). Infusion of Up4A (10-9-10-5 M) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in CF in WT (by ~38%), which was similar to ApoE KO (by ~40%). In isolated coronary arteries of WT, Up4A produced a mild contraction up to ~20%, indicating a vasoconstrictor effect of Up4A. Notably, Up4A further decreased CF in ApoE+HFD as compared to ApoE. Moreover, selective P2X1R antagonist MRS2159 (10 μM) restored Up4A-mediated decrease in CF more in ApoE+HFD than ApoE (Figure). Finally, the percentage expression of vasoconstrictor P2X1R on smooth muscle cells (SMC) of coronary arteries was higher in ApoE+HFD than ApoE, which was due to a markedly reduced vasodilator P2X1R expression on EC in ApoE+HFD (8.7±0.6 fluorescence intensity in A.U.) than ApoE (22.1±0.5), while P2X1R expression on SMC was similar between ApoE+HFD (6.3±0.4) and ApoE (8.4±0.3). Conclusion: Up4A exerts a vasoconstrictor influence in mouse coronary microcirculation. Up4A decreases CF in WT to a similar extent in ApoE, whereas HFD exacerbates Up4A-decreased CF in ApoE possibly through downregulation of vasodilator P2X1R on EC. These findings indicate that Up4A alters CF in atherosclerosis and P2X1R may represent a potential therapeutic target.
Figure S1 from Intratumoral STING Activation with T-cell Checkpoint Modulation Generates Systemic Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flow cytometry antibody catalog&lt;/p&gt;
Exploring narrative effects in hearing aid fitting (2012)

Exploring narrative effectsThe clinical meeting is a narrative (‘story’) in itself. To be able to study narrative effects in isolation, the narrative must be separated from the outcome of the hearing-aid fitting. In this study the test persons were given two hearing aids. These were accompanied by different narratives, but had identical amplification/acoustic signal processing. Testing narrative effectsThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the power of the narrative in affecting the client’s perception of the dispensing process. The experimental approach was to implement alternative dispensing processes with divergent narratives but identical acoustical results. Then, in a balanced crossover design, to carry out fittings with these processes on a group of hearing-aid clients. The two carefully rehearsed dispensing processes were: a ‘Diagnostic’ process and an ‘Interactive’ process. Narrative 1: ‘Diagnostic’ process. The client is inactive and the dispenser makes a number of adjustments based on hearing assessments, during which the client is passive. Fitting is based on hearing thresholds only. Narrative 2: ‘Interactive’ process. The client is led to believe that they have adjusted the HA settings to their own preferences. Fitting is based on hearing thresholds only (hearing-aid settings identical for Narratives 1 and 2.) Results20 of the 24 subjects had a clear fitting preference. This is surprising, since the two fittings were acoustically identical. We must suppose that it is the subjects’ perception of the fitting process which determined their preferences. However, all subjects except one gave exclusively sound-related reasons for their preferences (“Sounds more clear” etc.). Thus it seems that clinicians may not always hear the ‘true’ reasons for preferences from their clients.
ADVANTAGES AND THERMODYNAMIC LIMITATIONS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SORPTION ISOSTERIC METHOD (2013)

A review of advantages and thermodynamic limitations present in the sorption isosteric method (SIM) showed that SIM does not guarantee a constant adsorbed amount.Isosteres computed considering ideal gas behavior show that in SIM the mass of gas in the system dead volume increases as equilibrium pressure increases due to desorbed materials.SIM is useful and effective in obtaining highly accurate thermodynamic data for sorption of gases by microporous and nanoporous materials at low temperatures and pressures.At high temperatures and pressures desorption is not negligible, therefore SIM can not be applied.The errors in the calculation of the isosteric heat using SIM can be reduced using traditional experimental procedures such as adsorption isobars and isotherms to generate isosteres at high temperatures and pressures.Alternatively, corrections by pressure and temperature or an experiment that, after each temperature increase, allows gas dosage to compensate for the amount of mass desorbed would guarantee a constant adsorbed amount and, therefore, isosteric behavior by direct measurements.