gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Status of optical coatings for the national ignition facility (2001)

Optical coatings are a crucial part of the pulse trapping and extraction in the NIF multipass amplifiers. Coatings also steer the 192 beams from four linear arrays to four converging cones entering the target chamber. There are a total of 1600 physical vapor deposited coatings on NIF consisting of 576 mirrors within the multipass cavity, 192 polarizers that work in tandem with a Pockels cell to create an optical switch, and 832 transport mirrors. These optics are of sufficient size so that they are not aperture-limiting for the 40-cm × 40 cm beams over an incident range of 0 to 56.4 degrees. These coatings must withstand laser fluences up to 25 J/cm2 at 1053 nm (1ω) and 3-ns pulse length and are the 1m fluence-limiting component on NIF. The coatings must have a minimal impact on the beam wavefront and phase to maintain beam focusability, minimize scattered loss, and minimize nonlinear damage mechanisms. This is achieved by specifications ranging from &lt;50 MPa coating stress, &lt;1% coating nonuniformity, &lt;4Å RMS surface roughness, and a PSD specification to control the amplitude of periodic spatial frequencies. Finally, the primary mission of optical coatings is efficient beam steering so reflection and transmission losses are specified as R&gt;99.5% and &gt;99% for mirrors and polarizers, respectively, and T&gt;98% for polarizers.
Identification of prophage genes expressed in lysogens of the Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage BK5-T (1995)

Bacteriophage BK5-T is a small isometric-headed temperate phage that infects Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. Northern (RNA) analysis of mRNA produced by lysogenic strains containing BK5-T prophage revealed four major BK5-T transcripts that are 0.8, 1.3, 1.8, and 1.8 kb in size and enabled a transcription map of the prophage genome to be prepared. The position and size of each transcript corresponded closely to the position and size of open reading frames predicted from the nucleotide sequence of BK5-T. Analysis of the transcripts suggested that one of them was derived from the gene encoding the BK5-T integrase and another was from the gene encoding the BK5-T homolog of the lambda cI repressor. Computer analysis of the nucleotide sequence upstream of the BK5-T cI homolog predicted the presence of a pair of divergent promoters and three inverted repeat sequences, features characteristic of temperature-phage immunity regions. By analogy with lambda, the three inverted repeat sequences could be binding sites for cI or Cro homologs and the two divergent promoters could initiate transcription through the BK5-T equivalents of cI and cro.
W sub infinity gravity and super- W sub infinity gravity (1991)

In this paper, the authors construct gauge theories of the W {sub {infinity}} algebra and its super-extension, and discuss their relation to earlier results for the gauging of the classical contraction to the w {sub {infinity}} algebra.
Real-time imaging of Arc/Arg3.1 transcription ex vivo reveals input-specific immediate early gene dynamics (2021)

Abstract The ability of neurons to process and store salient environmental features underlies information processing in the brain. Long-term information storage requires synaptic plasticity and regulation of gene expression. While distinct patterns of activity have been linked to synaptic plasticity, their impact on immediate early gene (IEG) expression remains poorly understood. The activity regulated cytoskeleton associated ( Arc ) gene has received wide attention as an IEG implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory. Yet, to date, the transcriptional dynamics of Arc in response to compartment and input-specific activity is unclear. By developing a knock-in mouse to fluorescently tag Arc alleles, we studied real-time transcription dynamics after stimulation of dentate granule cells (GCs) in acute hippocampal slices. To our surprise, we found that Arc transcription displayed distinct temporal kinetics depending on the activation of excitatory inputs that convey functionally distinct information, i.e. medial and lateral perforant paths (MPP and LPP, respectively). Moreover, the transcriptional dynamics of Arc after synaptic stimulation was similar to direct activation of GCs, although the contribution of ionotropic glutamate receptors, L-type voltage gated calcium channel, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differed. Specifically, we observed an ER-mediated synapse-to-nucleus signal that supported elevations in nuclear calcium, and rapid induction of Arc transcription following MPP stimulation. However, activation of LPP inputs displayed lower nuclear calcium rise, which could underlie the delayed transcriptional onset of Arc . Our findings highlight how input-specific activity distinctly impacts transcriptional dynamics of an IEG linked to learning and memory. Significance statement Environmental experiences trigger neuronal activity that elicits gene expression in the nervous system. Rapid induction of specific genes known as immediate early genes (IEGs) supports activity-dependent changes of neuronal circuits to ultimately influence animal behavior. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling how distinct forms of neuronal activity modulate IEG expression remains unclear. The activity regulated cytoskeleton associated ( Arc ) gene is a critical IEG linked to memory. By imaging Arc transcription in real-time after neuronal activity, we identified how different receptors and signaling pathways influence transcriptional induction and dynamics of an IEG. Our findings provide insights into how information received by distinct synaptic inputs could be encoded by modulating IEG dynamics.
(Invited) Single-Molecule Sensor Arrays with Carbon Nanotube Transistors (2018)

Electronic conduction in one dimension is uniquely sensitive to single point perturbations. As quasi-one-dimensional conductors, single-walled carbon nanotubes are ideal examples of this sensitivity, and they can be exploited as single-molecule sensors in air, liquid, or vacuum. Even in complex physiological solutions, dynamic biochemical activity has been monitored with single-bond and microsecond resolution. However, past work along these lines was achieved on individual devices with low success rates of 10-20%. Here, we describe simultaneous progress on three fronts that has produced large-scale arrays of single-molecule devices. First, precise control of catalytic chemical vapor deposition has dramatically increased our yield of usable single-nanotube devices across 4” substrates. Second, contamination control methods have reduced charge-trap fluctuations that previously disqualified many transistors from single-molecule sensing experiments. Thirdly, new surface modification protocols have brought predictability and control to single-molecule biofunctionalization of the nanotube surfaces. When combined, these techniques scale up single-molecule dynamic sensing from single devices to large arrays. New research directions with these arrays include massively parallel sensing applications such as drug discovery and DNA sequencing.
Identity theft, social security numbers, and the Web (2000)

article Free Access Share on Identity theft, social security numbers, and the Web Author: Hal Berghel Univ. of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas Univ. of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las VegasView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 2Feb. 2000 pp 17–21https://doi.org/10.1145/328236.328114Published:01 February 2000Publication History 31citation3,523DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads3,523Last 12 Months121Last 6 weeks23 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Improvement of automatic man-made object detection in underwater videos by using of navigational information (2012)

International audience
Controlling the Growth of Polymer Trees: Concepts and Perspectives For Hyperbranched Polymers (2000)

This article summarizes basic principles and recent progress in the field of cascade-branched polymers. Methods for the preparation of macromolecules with hyperbranched structures are presented and compared concerning the extent of control over molecular weights and polydispersity. Step-growth and recently developed chain-growth strategies as well as enzyme and transition metal catalyzed polymerizations are discussed with respect to mechanism and future potential.
Design of half-bridge piezo-transformer converters in the AC adapter applications (2005)

As a viable alternative to magnetic transformers in the power supply for portable electronics, this paper presents a miniaturized off-line travel adapter or charger for cellular phones using the piezoelectric transformer. Various design considerations in the design of ac PT adapters are investigated before coming up with the proposed pseudo-resonant topology. A prototype hardware design is also presented and verified by simulations and experiments
Electric pelvic floor stimulation. Mechanism of action. (1977)

This canine study delineates two mechanisms of action for electric pelvic floor stimulation. The electric stimulation increases urethral resistance by activating the pelvic floor skeletal muscle. Direct pudendal nerve stimulation is the most effective method for applying the electric stimulus. The two electric devices presently employed clinically, the pelvic floor stimulator and the transrectal stimulator, are less effective methods for increasing pelvic floor skeletal muscle contraction. Electric stimulation also activates a pudendal-to-pelvic nerve reflex that depresses or eliminates uninhibited detrusor contractions.
Semantic trajectories modeling and analysis (2013)

Focus on movement data has increased as a consequence of the larger availability of such data due to current GPS, GSM, RFID, and sensors techniques. In parallel, interest in movement has shifted from raw movement data analysis to more application-oriented ways of analyzing segments of movement suitable for the specific purposes of the application. This trend has promoted semantically rich trajectories, rather than raw movement, as the core object of interest in mobility studies. This survey provides the definitions of the basic concepts about mobility data, an analysis of the issues in mobility data management, and a survey of the approaches and techniques for: (i) constructing trajectories from movement tracks, (ii) enriching trajectories with semantic information to enable the desired interpretations of movements, and (iii) using data mining to analyze semantic trajectories and extract knowledge about their characteristics, in particular the behavioral patterns of the moving objects. Last but not least, the article surveys the new privacy issues that arise due to the semantic aspects of trajectories.
H + D2 Reaction Dynamics in the Limit of Low Product Recoil Energy (2012)

Both experiment and theory recently showed that the H + D2(v = 0, j = 0) → HD(v' = 4, j') + D reactions at a collision energy of 1.97 eV display a seemingly anomalous HD product angular distribution that moves in the backward direction as the value of j' increases and the corresponding energy available for product recoil decreases. This behavior was attributed to the presence of a centrifugal barrier along the reaction path. Here, we show, using fully quantum mechanical calculations, that for low recoil energies, the collision mechanism is nearly independent of the HD internal state and the HD product becomes aligned, with its rotational angular momentum j' pointing perpendicular to the recoil momentum k'. As the kinetic energy to overcome this barrier becomes limited, the three atoms adopt a nearly collinear configuration in the transition-state region to permit reaction, which strongly polarizes the resulting HD product. These results are expected to be general for any chemical reaction in the low recoil energy limit.
[Dangers in the use of gas-sterilized materials]. (1986)

After gas sterilisation of synthetic materials, some traces of the gases employed (ethylene oxide; formaldehyde) can remain in the sterilised material, and, in the case of moist materials, in drops of water. These gases are carcinogenic and, in case of contact to tissue, can lead to fibrinous inflammation and consequently to stenotising scars. Two cases of laryngotracheitis are described, in which insufficiently aired tracheal tubes were used. On contact with material containing chloride ions, e.g. PVC or body fluids, ethylene oxid can be converted to highly toxic ethylene chlorohydrine. For this reason, it is prohibited to sterilise synthetics containing chlorine ions with ethylene oxide.
RFID & Mobile Fusion for Authenticated ATM Transaction (2010)

One technical innovation can provide solution to diverse problems. Money has become plastic these days. The introduction of utility cards, mobile banking and internet banking has revolutionized the way we deal with money. The sophistication they bring into one"s life is commendable. They make our work convenient. But there lies a potential problem, security. The thrust area is that every transaction of the account should be done with the consent of the customer or account holder. This is possible through the wide spread mobile phone technology. Here mobile phone acts as the interactive medium between account holder and bank. Ones hard earned money should not go into the hands of unworthy persons. This noble theme helped us to think of the innovation -"RFID & Mobile Fusion for Authenticated ATM Transaction". The implementation of this takes the help of RFID card, RFID reader housed in ATM, PC, MICRO CONTROLLER, mobile network and software like AT commands, Keil and matlab.
Genetic Cause of Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nephropathy in the English Cocker Spaniel (2007)

Abstract Background:Autosomal recessive hereditary nephropathy (ARHN) in the English Cocker Spaniel is caused by a type IV collagen defect, but the underlying mutation is unknown. Animals: One hundred thirty-four English Cocker Spaniels (12 with ARHN, 8 obligate carriers, and 114 others), 3 mixed breed dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN), and 7 other dogs without hereditary nephropathy were included. Methods: Diagnosis of ARHN was based on transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining of kidney. Quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to compare COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 mRNA concentrations in the renal cortex from ARHN-affected English Cocker Spaniels, XLHN-affected dogs, and dogs without hereditary nephropathy. The entire coding region of COL4A4 was sequenced in 2 ARHN-affected dogs, 2 obligate carriers, 2 English Cocker Spaniels of unknown status, and 2 healthy mixed breed dogs. The exon containing the mutation was sequenced for all 134 English Cocker Spaniels. Results: Quantitative real time RT-PCR implicated COL4A4 as the gene harboring the mutation, and sequencing identified a single nucleotide substitution at base 115 as the cause of ARHN in English Cocker Spaniels. This mutation, which causes a premature stop codon in exon 3 of COL4A4, was segregated with clinical status in all affected dogs and obligate carriers. The mutation also was identified in 39 of 114 other English Cocker Spaniels with previously unknown status. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The cause of this disease has been identified, and use of a test for the mutation will permit eradication of ARHN in the English Cocker Spaniel.
Performance requirements of present-day distribution transformers for Smart Grid (2013)

One of the main objectives of Smart grid is to provide service that is reliable, secure and efficient. As a part of smart grid it is very essential to evaluate each and every element separately in the grid level to ensure reliable operation of the grid. In this paper, distribution transformer (DTR) requirements for smart grid have been considered. Distribution transformer is one of the most important elements of electrical distribution network. For smart grid to operate efficiently there is a need for smartening the transformers, which are the hub for collection and distribution of energy. As part of the distribution network, there are millions of distribution transformers in the national network that do not have any monitoring and communication capabilities. Smartening the transformers will require development and deployment of wide range of technologies. This paper attempts to present the features needed in distribution transformers to realize a smarter grid. Required technologies to transform the present day distribution transformers to smart transformers are discussed. Analysis has been carried out on the performance requirements and evaluation of distribution transformers when they are integrated to grid level. Some applications of wireless sensors and communication to enhance condition monitoring and maintenance practices in the distribution grid are recommended. The paper also studies compliance needed to the existing standards such as IEC 60076-7 [3].
GLIS3 is indispensable for TSH/TSHR-dependent thyroid hormone biosynthesis and follicular cell proliferation (2017)

Deficiency in Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) in humans is associated with the development of congenital hypothyroidism. However, the functions of GLIS3 in the thyroid gland and the mechanism by which GLIS3 dysfunction causes hypothyroidism are unknown. In the current study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 acts downstream of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TSH receptor (TSHR) and is indispensable for TSH/TSHR-mediated proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and biosynthesis of thyroid hormone. Using ChIP-Seq and promoter analysis, we demonstrate that GLIS3 is critical for the transcriptional activation of several genes required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, including the iodide transporters Nis and Pds, both of which showed enhanced GLIS3 binding at their promoters. The repression of cell proliferation of GLIS3-deficient thyroid follicular cells was due to the inhibition of TSH-mediated activation of the mTOR complex 1/ribosomal protein S6 (mTORC1/RPS6) pathway as well as the reduced expression of several cell division-related genes regulated directly by GLIS3. Consequently, GLIS3 deficiency in a murine model prevented the development of goiter as well as the induction of inflammatory and fibrotic genes during chronic elevation of circulating TSH. Our study identifies GLIS3 as a key regulator of TSH/TSHR-mediated thyroid hormone biosynthesis and proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and uncovers a mechanism by which GLIS3 deficiency causes neonatal hypothyroidism and prevents goiter development.
Liposomes for targeting of antigens and drugs: Immunoadjuvant activity and liposome-mediated depletion of macrophages (2008)

Liposomes have proven their use as a tool in various immunological studies. In our own studies, both their application as antigen carriers and as drug carriers appeared to be useful. Immune responses were elicited against free soluble protein antigens and against the same antigens in a liposome-associated (particulate) form, in order to compare both types of response. Since we were especially interested in the role of splenic macrophages in both types of response, we developed a liposome-mediated macrophage suicide approach, based on the liposome-mediated internalization of the small hydrophilic molecule clodronate in macrophages. This molecule has a very short half life when released in the circulation, but does not easily cross phospholipid bilayers of liposomes or cell membranes. As a consequence, once ingested by a macrophage in a liposome-encapsulated form, it will be accumulated within the cell as soon as the liposomes are digested with the help of its lysosomal phospholipases. At a certain intracellular clodronate concentration, the macrophage is eliminated by apoptosis. Given the fact that neither the liposomal phospholipids chosen nor clodronate are toxic to other (non-phagocytic) cells, this method has proven its efficacy for depletion of macrophage subsets in various organs. In several cases, organ-specific depletion can be obtained by choosing the right administration route for the clodronate liposomes.
Non‐word identification or spell checking without a dictionary (2003)

Abstract MEDLINE® is a collection of more than 12 million references and abstracts covering recent life science literature. With its continued growth and cutting‐edge terminology, spell‐checking with a traditional lexicon based approach requires significant additional manual follow‐up. In this work, an internal corpus based context quality rating α, frequency, and simple misspelling transformations are used to rank words from most likely to be misspellings to least likely. Eleven‐point average precisions of 0.891 have been achieved within a class of 42,340 all alphabetic words having an α score less than 10. Our models predict that 16,274 or 38% of these words are misspellings. Based on test data, this result has a recall of 79% and a precision of 86%. In other words, spell checking can be done by statistics instead of with a dictionary. As an application we examine the time history of low α words in MEDLINE® titles and abstracts.
The synergetic effect of sulfonated graphene and silver as co-catalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production of ZnO nanorods (2013)

Hydrogen as a renewable clean energy has attracted much attention, while synthesizing highly efficient materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production remains a great challenge. In this study, we report a new sulfonated graphene (SG)/ZnO/Ag composite as a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production for the first time. SG/ZnO/Ag composites were prepared through a step-wise approach, including growth of ZnO nanorods on SG sheets by the nanocrystal-seed-directed hydrothermal method and deposition of Ag nanoparticles by the polyol-reduction process. The results show that SG/ZnO/Ag composites achieve a significant high hydrogen evolution rate of 2.36 mmol h−1 g−1, which is around 20 times, 3 times and 2.5 times faster than that of pure ZnO rods, ZnO/Ag and SG/ZnO, respectively. The outstanding hydrogen production activity of SG/ZnO/Ag can be attributed to the positive synergetic effects between SG sheets and Ag nanoparticles, which enhance the light absorption ability and facilitate the charge separation activity. Hence, this study highlights that appropriate combination of co-catalysts with photocatalysts can greatly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.
Process Introspection: A Checkpoint Mechanism for High Performance Heterogeneous Distributed Systems (1996)

The Process Introspection project is a design and implementation effort, the main goal of which is to construct a general purpose, flexible, efficient checkpoint/restart mechanism appropriate for use in high performance heterogeneous distributed systems. This checkpoint/restart mechanism has the primary constraint that it must be platform independent; that is, checkpoints produced on one architecture or operating system platform must be restartable on a different architecture or operating system platform. The Process Introspection mechanism is based on a design pattern for constructing interoperable checkpointable modules. Application of the design pattern is automated by two levels of software tools: a library of support routines that facilitate the use of the design pattern, and a source code translator that automatically applies the pattern to platform independent modules. A prototype implementation of library has been constructed and used to demonstrate that the design pattern can be applied effectively to construct platform independent checkpointable programs that operate efficiently.