gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2 Mineralization Using Brine Discharged from a Seawater Desalination Plant (2017)

CO2 mineralization is a method of sequestering CO2 in the form of carbonated minerals. Brine discharged from seawater desalination is a potential source of Mg and Ca, which can precipitate CO2 as forms of their carbonate minerals. The concentration of Mg and Ca in brine are twice those in the seawater influent to desalination process. This study used a cycle for CO2 mineralization that involves an increase in the pH of the brine, followed by CO2 bubbling, and, finally, filtration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that non-synthesized brine from a seawater desalination plant has been used for CO2 mineralization. The resulting precipitates were CaCO3 (calcite), Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O (hydromagnesite), and NaCl (halite) with these materials being identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric-differentail thermal Analysis (TGA)-DTA. Despite the presence of Ca with Mg in brine being unfavorable for the precipitation of Mg carbonate, Mg reacted with CO2 to form hydromagnesite at a yield of 86%. Most of the Ca formed calcite, at 99% yield. This study empirically demonstrates that brine from seawater desalination plants can be used for CO2 mineralization.
SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, SERONEGATIVE ARTHROPATHIES, OSTEOARTHRITIS, SLE AND NORMAL SUBJECTS (1987)

Most arthritic conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation, resulting in secondary changes in serum biochemistry. In an attempt to profile different mechanisms of inflammation which might account for the clinical diversity of rheumatic diseases, we have measured C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma viscosity, serum histidine and total serum sulphydryl in 259 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 84 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 76 with osteoarthritis, 69 with psoriatic arthritis, 34 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 36 with Reiter's syndrome and 121 normal controls. The most extreme abnormalities were seen in rheumatoid arthritis and the least in osteoarthritis. The seronegative spondarthritides and SLE occupied a midway position, emphasizing a correlation between biochemical abnormality and severity of inflammation. A low serum histidine characterized both RA and SLE. The former was more likely to be associated with a raised CRP. Plasma viscosity was characteristically raised in psoriatic arthritis and CRP in AS.
Intent inference for free flight aircraft (2000)

In today's air traffic control system, a level of intent of an aircraft is revealed in it's flight plan and a pilot's adherence to published navigation routes. In the future Free Flight environment, aircraft may be allowed to fly any route they choose. Intent will likely be broadcast in the form of Trajectory Change Points (TCPs), for instance, the next two TCPs called TCP and TCP+1 in an Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) message. However, if TCPs do not accurately represent intent, do not get received, or do not exist, then an aircraft has a need to infer the intent of another aircraft. In this paper, a method of inferring intent is investigated which is based on artificial intelligence models of actions and a process for best fitting an intent model to observed actions of an aircraft. With such an intent inference algorithm, the TCPs for an aircraft can be inferred and used when the TCP data in a datalink message cannot be validated. While intent inference may not be needed in a normal situation, its use may enrich the presentation of data to the flight crew in a Free Flight environment.
Flight Weight Design Nickel-Hydrogen Cells Using Lightweight Nickel Fiber Electrodes (2003)

The goal of this program is to develop a lightweight nickel electrode for advanced aerospace nickel-hydrogen cells and batteries with improved specific energy and specific volume. The lightweight nickel electrode will improve the specific energy of a nickel-hydrogen cell by >50%. These near-term advanced batteries will reduce power system mass and volume, while decreasing the cost, thus increasing mission capabilities and enabling small spacecraft missions. This development also offers a cost savings over the traditional sinter development methods for fabrication. The technology has been transferred to Eagle-Picher, a major aerospace battery manufacturer, who has scaled up the process developed at NASA GRC and fabricated electrodes for incorporation into flight-weight nickel-hydrogen cells.
Radiation-Induced Xerostomia (2012)

ABSTRACT Xerostomia is a common complication following radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. This has long-term implications on the quality of life of these patients. The better understanding of salivary function and the interaction of radiotherapy dose-volume and fractionation with salivary function has allowed us to intervene with various modalities to prevent or treat this common complication. Thus we present a review of published literature describing the factors affecting xerostomia, its prevention and treatment. How to cite this article Baijal G, Kar R, Agarwal JP. Radiation-Induced Xerostomia. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2): 82-86.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Data processing and data usage in decision‐making (2023)

Abstract Industrial facilities collect large volumes of data, store them according to prescribed protocols, and then interpret them for process decision‐making. Several sources and types of error contaminate these data for various reasons, but especially because they come from unreliable or unpredictable instruments. Data (or signal) processing corrects measurement errors to improve fidelity. Here, we highlight decision‐making applications and signal processing methods. To fully appreciate the state‐of‐the‐art, we interviewed plant data experts and software developers in the pulp and paper industry to examine how they apply signal processing methods in the context of decision‐making, including the value of process data, how these data are used, and the major barriers that prevent plants from using data. Process experts clean data thoroughly with basic approaches compared to the advanced techniques available in the recent literature. The interviews demonstrate that decisions in industry are primarily based on steady‐state process operating data. Challenges and barriers that prevent the use of process data to their full potential relate to resource limitations (people, time, and money), an entrenched culture, and access to recent technology. In practice, experts consider, implicitly or explicitly, data that represent the process operating under steady‐state conditions. A plant model that represents steady‐state operations is easier to interpret, is presented in a form that is usable by plant operators, and in this way, better enables decision‐making.
Inhibition of the G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint and of Protein Kinases Chk1 and Chk2 by the Marine Sponge Alkaloid Debromohymenialdisine (2001)

Cells can respond to DNA damage by activating checkpoints that delay cell cycle progression and allow time for DNA repair. Chemical inhibitors of the G(2) phase DNA damage checkpoint may be used as tools to understand better how the checkpoint is regulated and may be used to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging therapies. However, few inhibitors are known. We used a cell-based assay to screen natural extracts for G(2) checkpoint inhibitors and identified debromohymenialdisine (DBH) from a marine sponge. DBH is distinct structurally from previously known G(2) checkpoint inhibitors. It inhibited the G(2) checkpoint with an IC(50) of 8 micrometer and showed moderate cytotoxicity (IC(50) = 25 micrometer) toward MCF-7 cells. DBH inhibited the checkpoint kinases Chk1 (IC(50) = 3 micrometer) and Chk2 (IC(50) = 3.5 micrometer) but not ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM-Rad3-related protein, or DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro, indicating that it blocks two major branches of the checkpoint pathway downstream of ATM. It did not cause the activation or inhibition of different signal transduction proteins, as determined by mobility shift analysis in Western blots, suggesting that it inhibits a narrow range of protein kinases in vivo.
Phase-only incoherent correlator (1992)

Spatially incoherent correlators 1 are advantageous compared with coherent correlators because diffuse or self-luminous objects can be used directly as inputs without converting them to coherent light inputs. In addition, incoherent light systems are less sensitive to the lateral positioning of the filter. For the coherent correlator, it has been shown 2 that in certain cases a phase-only filter can provide better correlation results, i.e., narrower correlation peaks and higher signal to noise ratio. We are investigating in this work ways for implementing the effect of a phase-only filter in incoherently illuminated set-up. Although two different filters will be needed for implementing equivalent complex functions, the final behavior of the system will be like that obtainable from coherent phase-only filters. In addition, we might optimize the light efficiency by using phase-only aperture masks as matched filters. Computer simulations and experimental results were performed.
Untersuchungen explantierter kugelgestrahlter Osteosyntheseplatten (2008)

Shot peening is a cold-working process to increase the fatigue life of osteosynthesis plates. Using ceramic particles for this process we observed no change in the corrosive properties of the plates. Up to now we implanted 37 shot peened osteosynthesis plates for fixation of intertrochanteric osteotomies. 13 plates were explanted after an average time of 14,2 months. We investigated the plates as well as the tissue surrounding the implants. Metallurgic specimens showed not so many pittings at the shot peened plates in the region of the screw hole as were seen at the polished plates after the same period of implantation. By histological investigation corrosive products or fretting particles were detected mostly in the region of the screws. Only a few metal particles were found in the region between the screw holes. Analysing the elements which were black or red-brown coloured in histological specimens by scanning electron microscopy we identified these particles as metal components. But there was a great difference in the relation of the particles found in the tissue compared to the components forming the plates alloy. This is due to the difference of distribution of the metal components at the surface of the implant in comparison with the central part of the plate. These austenitic stainless steels are protected by an enrichment of Cr in the surface layer. This could be shown in the shot peened plates as well as in the polished plates. The results of our investigations show a corrosive behaviour which is at least equal at both plates types in laboratory investigations as well as after implantations in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gesture-World Environment Technology for Mobile Manipulation – Remote Control System of a Robot with Hand Pose Estimation – (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to propose a remotecontrolled robot system capable of accurate highspeed performance of the same operation strictly conforming to human operator movement without sensors or special control means. We specifically intend to implement high-precision high-speed 3D hand pose estimation enabling a remote-controlled robot to be operated using two cameras installed loosely orthogonally using one ordinary PC. The two cameras have their own database. Once sequential hand images are shot at high speed, the system starts selecting one database with bigger size of hand region in each recorded image. Coarse screening then proceeds based on proportional hand image information roughly corresponding to wrist rotation or thumb or finger extension. Finally, a detailed search is done for similarity among selected candidates. Experiments show that mean and standard deviation scores of errors in estimated angles at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) index are 0.45 ± 14.57 and at the carpometacarpal (CM) thumb 4.7 ± 10.82, respectively, indicating it as a high-precision 3D hand pose estimation. Remote control of a robot with the proposed vision system shows high performance as well.
[Role of probiotics in obesity management]. (2015)

Obesity is a major public health issue as it is related to several chronic disorders, including type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipemia, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, among others. Novel research shows that the gut microbiota is involved in obesity and metabolic disorders, revealing that obese animal and human subjects have alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota compared to their lean counterparts. Moreover, it has been observed in germ-free mice that transplantation of the microbiota of either obese or lean mice influences body weight, suggesting that the gut ecosystem is a relevant target for weight management. Certain strains of probiotics may regulate body weight by influencing the host's metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune functions. Taken together, our knowledge about the influence of gut microbiota on obesity is progressing. Therefore, modulation of its composition through probiotics may provide new opportunities to manage overweight and obesity.
Effect of alcohol on elevated aggressive behavior in male transgenic TGFα mice (1993)

The effect of alcohol on aggressive behavior was studied in the highly aggressive transgenic TGF alpha male mouse. In contrast to findings obtained in other aggressive animals, low and moderate doses of alcohol failed to reduce this behavior in the TGF alpha mice; only a high dose reduced aggression. The plasma levels of alcohol were similar in the TGF alpha mice and non-transgenic control mice. However, the loss of righting reflex following an alcohol administration was significantly lengthened in the TGF alpha mice. These results suggest that the male TGF alpha mice can be used to investigate the mechanisms determining the physiological sensitivity to alcohol. Furthermore, these mice represent the first animal model supporting the findings obtained in humans that alcohol maintains pathological aggression.
Application of Time Series Methods on Long-Term Structural Monitoring Data for Fatigue Analysis (2019)

ABSTRACT: Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be employed to reduce uncertainties in<br> different aspects of structural analysis such as: load modeling, crack development, corrosion<br> rates, etc. Fatigue is one of the main degradation processes of structures that causes failure<br> before the end of their design life. Fatigue loading is among those variables that have a great<br> influence on uncertainty in fatigue damage assessment.<br> Conventional load models such as Rain-flow counting and Markov chains work under<br> stationarity assumption, and they are unable to deal with the seasonality effect in fatigue<br> loading. Time series methods, such as ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average),<br> are able to deal with this effect in the data; hence, they can be helpful for fatigue load<br> modelling. The goal of this study is to implement seasonal ARIMA to prepare a load model for<br> long-term fatigue loading that can capture more details of the loading scenario regarding the<br> seasonal effects in traffic loading.
Studies on Cyclic α-Aminoalkanephosphonate Compounds: A Novel Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-1,4,2-Benzoxaza (or diaza)phosphorin 2-Oxides (1999)

Numerous cyclic α-aminoalkanephosphonates, 2-phenyl-1,3,2-benzoxaza (or diaza) phosphorin 2-oxides 6a-o and 8 have been prepared by a Mannich-type reaction of o-aminophenol or o-phenylenediamine with phenyldichlorophosphine and aldehydes or ketones. The cis and trans-geometric isomers of the title compounds were stereoselectively generated, depending upon the aldehyde or ketone substrates used. The synthetic methods provide an easy access to the organophosphorus heterocycles with the ring system mentioned above.
Joint condition of sales: The French Competition Council opposes to common sales condition dedicated to reduce payment delays (Opinion N° 05-A-17) (2005)

Le Conseil de la concurrence emet un avis defavorable concernant la negociation collective de delai de paiement Cons. conc., avis n° 05-A-17 du 22 septembre 2005 relatif a la negociation collective…
Computer Simulation of Bioprocess (2017)

Bioprocess optimization is important in order to make the bioproduction process more efficient and economic. The conventional optimization methods are costly and less efficient. On the other hand, modeling and computer simulation can reveal the mechanisms behind the phenomenon to some extent, to assist the deep analysis and efficient optimization of bioprocesses. In this chapter, modeling and computer simulation of microbial growth and metabolism kinetics, bioreactor dynamics, bioreactor feedback control will be made to show the application methods and the usefulness of modeling and computer simulation methods in optimization of the bioprocess technology.
Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Peptide Thioesters Containing Modified Seryl Residues as Probes of Antibiotic Biosynthesis (2013)

Methods have been developed to synthesize tri- and pentapeptide thioesters containing one or more p-(hydroxyphenyl)glycine (pHPG) residues and L-serine, some where the latter is O-phosphorylated, O-acetylated, or exists as a β-lactam. Selection of orthogonal protection strategies and development of conditions to achieve seryl O-phosphorylation without β-elimination and to maintain stereochemical control, especially simultaneously at exceptionally base-labile pHPG α-carbons, are described. Intramolecular closure of a seryl peptide to a β-lactam-containing peptide and the syntheses of corresponding thioester analogues are also reported. Modification of classical Mitsunobu conditions is described in the synthesis of the β-lactam-containing products, and in a broadly useful observation, it was found that simple exclusion of light from the P(OEt)3-mediated Mitsunobu ring closure afforded yields of >95%, presumably owing to reduced photodegradation of the azodicarboxylate used. These sensitive potential substrates and products will be used in mechanistic studies of the two nonribosomal peptide synthetases NocA and NocB that lie at the heart of nocardicin biosynthesis, a family of monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics.
Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pancreatic carcinomas and cell lines: growth inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (1999)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein expression were found to be frequently elevated in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas and cell lines derived from such tumors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated cytoplasmic COX-2 expression in 14 of 21 (67%) pancreatic carcinomas. The level of COX-2 mRNA was found to be elevated in carcinomas, relative to histologically normal pancreas from a healthy individual, as assessed by reverse transcription-PCR. COX-2 protein expression was detected by the Western blot assay in three of five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (BxPC-3, Capan-1, and MDAPanc-3), whereas COX-1 protein was detected in two of the five cell lines (BxPC-3 and Capan-1). Increased levels of COX-2 mRNA were found in four of five cell lines, and only in PANC-1 cells was the low level of transcript comparable to that in the normal pancreas. The level of COX-2 mRNA was positively correlated with the differentiation status of the tumor of origin for each cell line, COX-2 protein expression was up-regulated by epidermal growth factor when the cells were grown in absence of serum. Finally, two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sulindac sulfide and NS398, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in all pancreatic cell lines tested. No correlation was found between the level of COX-2 or COX-1 expression and the extent of growth inhibition. Treatment of BxPC-3 cells with sulindac sulfide and NS398 resulted in an induction of COX-2 expression. Our findings indicate that COX-2 up-regulation is a frequent event in pancreatic cancers and suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be useful in the chemoprevention and therapy of pancreatic carcinoma.
Aminotroponate/Aminotroponiminate Zinc Complexes Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Catalysts for Intramolecular Hydroamination of Non-Activated Alkenes with Varied Steric and Electronic Properties (2011)

Various aminotroponiminate-/aminotroponate-zinc complexes functionalized mesoporous silica catalysts were synthesized. These included [N-propyl-2-(propylamino)troponiminato] zinc methyl (ZnDPRT), [N-propyl-2-(phenylamino)troponiminato] zinc methyl (ZnDPHT), and [2-(propylamino)troponato] zinc methyl (ZnPRT) functionalized mesoporous silica catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by various structural (small angle XRD and gas sorption) and compositional (solid-state NMR, XPS, FTIR, and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses) techniques. Their catalytic activities for intramolecular hydroamination of nonactivated alkenes with varied steric and electronic properties were investigated. The catalysts’ properties were generally found to differ from one another. This is mainly attributed to (1) fluorosilicate formation during the synthesis of the aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligands on the mesoporous silica, (2) the higher reaction efficiency of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of aminopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica (API) with tropolone p-toluenesulfonate forming 2-(propylamino)troponato- [or aminotroponate (ATO) ligand]-functionalized sample (PRT), compared to that of the ATI ligands, where 2-(alkylamino)tropones or 2-(arylamino)tropones are activated with Et3OBF4 forming corresponding vinylgous ethers which then undergo aminolysis with the API precursor, and (3) the different compositional and structural characteristics of the amine/imine (ATI) or amine/carbonyl (ATO) chelation sites. To better understand the catalytic capabilities of the synthesized catalysts, a broader functional group compatibility study was also performed. It was found that decreased bite angles (Thorpe–Ingold effect) and increased electron donation of the p-substituted benzylic side arm of the substrates resulted in slightly increased conversion efficiencies in the hydroamination reaction. Overall, the 2,2-diphenyl cyclizing agents formed their corresponding N-containing 5-membered heterocycles at 74–94% conversion in 8 h under reflux conditions while the 2,2-dimethyl species exhibited 59–81% conversion of 12 h.
Ethics and Responsible Conduct of Research: Workshop Report (2020)

The Center for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria , with support from its NIH Planning Grant organized a two Day workshop on “Ethics and Responsible Conduct of Research” at the University of Ibadan Centre for Sustainable Development (CESDEV). There were 8 facilitators and 78 participants. The workshop concluded that responsible conduct of research (RCR) is the practice of scientific investigation or research with integrity involving but not limited to the awareness and application of established professional norms and ethical principles in the performance of all activities related to scientific research.