gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of HIV-1 latency by basal transcription (2013)

HIV/AIDS is undoubtedly one of mankind’s most pressing health concerns. Currently, there are ~34 million people infected worldwide, with ~3 million new infections and ~2 million deaths every year. Despite 30 years of research and the development of potent antiretroviral drugs, a cure for HIV-1 remains elusive. This is largely due to viral latency, a phenomenon that makes lifelong HAART therapy essential. While proviral DNA is usually transcribed, the integrated HIV-1 LTR promoter may also exist in a transcriptionally inactive latent state. Current models indicate that latency results primarily from the progressive epigenetic silencing of otherwise active infections. However, the majority of latency models utilize single reporters and selection/culturing to establish latency; therefore, they cannot differentiate between direct and progressive silencing. We hypothesize that direct LTR-silent infections are underappreciated because current models may poorly represent the entire spectrum of HIV-1 latency. In this thesis we aim to characterize a novel double-labeled Red-Green-HIV-1 vector (RGH) to comprehensively study latency. Our results show that, contrary to current dogma, the majority of RGH infections in Jurkat T cells are directly silenced. Moreover, direct silent infections are observed in several cell types and are transcriptionally competent, as known HIV-1 agonists can efficiently reactivate them. We observe that direct silencing occurs at all sites of viral integration and that cellular NFκB levels at the time of infection mediate direct LTR-silencing. Additionally, we aim to characterize the cellular transcription factor RBF-2 with respect to RGH latency and basal transcription. Our results show that RBF-2 binds two conserved sites on the HIV-1 LTR, and that this organization is necessary for mediating proper transcriptional activation. Consequently, this interaction also modulates RGH latency, as RBF-2 mutants displayed higher levels of latency relative to wild type. Collectively, our results shed new light on the previously underappreciated and immeasurable contribution of direct silent infections to HIV-1 latency. Considering these infections make up the majority of total infections in vitro, direct silencing is likely a major component of the latent reservoir in vivo. Fully understanding the entire spectrum of latency, including both direct and progressive mechanisms, will undoubtedly aid HIV-1 eradication strategies.
Designing and Building Parallel Programs: Concepts and Tools for Parallel Software Engineering (1995)

From the Publisher:
At last, a practitioner's guide to parallel programming! Students and professionals who use parallel or distributed computer systems will be able to solve real problems with Designing and Building Parallel Programs. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to parallel algorithm design, performance analysis, and program construction. It describes the tools needed to write parallel programs and provides numerous examples. A unique feature is the companion on-line version, accessible via the World Wide Web using browsers such as Mosaic. This provides a convenient hypertext version of the text with pointers to programming tools, example programs, and other resources on parallel and distributed computing.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANO‐SILICIUMVERBINDUNGEN 16. MITT. HERST. VERSCHIEDENER 2‐(5‐TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐THIENYL‐ARYL‐KETIMINE UND ‐KETONE (1972)

Abstract 5‐Trimethylsilyl‐thienyl‐lithium (I) reagiert mit den Nitrilen (II) zu den Iminen (III), die zu den Ketonen (IV) verseift werden.
Diels-alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and 1,3-pentadiene. (1982)

The reaction between cyclopentadiene and commercially available 1, 3-pentadiene was studied to yield principally 1:1 adducts; moreover, the stereochemistry of each component separated from the adducts was investigated with 13C-NMR spectroscopy, The norbornenetype adducts were predominantly formed under mild reaction conditions, since 1, 3-pentadiene served as a dienophile, The tetrahydroindene-type adduct gradually increased as reaction progressed owing partly to the Cope rearrangement of the norbornene-type adducts.
Array processing for wireless communications (2002)

By equipping the base stations of a wireless network with antenna arrays, it is possible to more fully exploit the spatial dimension in a wireless communication system. Multiple antennas can provide a processing gain to increase the base station range and improve coverage. Also, by exploiting the spatial selectivity of an antenna array, interference may be reduced which in turn can be traded for increased capacity of the system. A wide range of wireless communication systems may benefit from spatial processing including high mobility cellular systems, low mobility short range systems, wireless local loop applications, satellite communications and wireless LAN. By employing an array of antennas, it is possible to multiplex channels in the spatial dimension just as in the frequency and time dimension. This is often referred to as spatial division multiple access (SDMA). To increase system capacity, spatially selective reception as well as spatially selective transmission must be achieved. Herein, we present some different approaches and techniques for spatial/temporal processing. Critical aspects of SDMA for both high mobility cellular systems and low mobility or movable systems are reviewed and the potential benefits examined.
John Dryden makes Shakespeare monarch over Fletcher and Jonson (2010)

The Critical Heritage gathers together a large body of critical sources on major figures in literature. Each volume presents contemporary responses to a writer's work, enabling students and researchers to read the material themselves.
Netzhaut-OCT: vitreoretinale Grenzfläche (2016)

The gold standard for the assessment of the vitreoretinal interface (VRI) is high resolution OCT. It is therefore essential to select the appropriate scan modalities to detect all morphological changes in different diseases, not only at the VRI, but also in all layers of the retina and in the foveal and parafoveal areas. These can be raster scans, radial scans or "en face" scans. Morphological changes at the VRI and especially in the outer retinal layers are good prognostic factors in high resolution OCT for the success of surgery for vitreomacular interface disorders. The following article gives an overview of current OCT procedures as well as correlations between morphological and functional findings.
Material identification employing a grating spectrometer (2023)

Multi-ordered spectral data is obtained from various known substances and is stored in a spectral library. The identification of an unknown material is accomplished by correlating the sample's multi-ordered spectrum against all or a portion of the spectrum in the library, and finding the closest match.
Thermo and pH sensitive fluorescent polymer sensor for metal cations in aqueous solution (2007)

Abstract A new monomeric fluorophore N ‐acryl‐ N' ‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)thiourea (AQT) was synthesized. Free radical copolymerization was carried out in order to prepare a water‐soluble fluorescent copolymer, based on N ‐isopropylacrylamide. The fluorescent characteristic of the aqueous solutions of copolymers was investigated both in varied pH and in the presence of metal cations. The polymer‐ contained AQT was found to be a selective chemosensor for Ni, Pb, Co ions especially for Co ion. The obtained copolymers show thermo‐sensitive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) ranging from 32.5 to 37.5°C with varied ratios of AQT, N, N ‐dimethylacrylamide and N ‐isopropylamide. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Two genetic arrangements determining flagellar antigen specificities in two diphasic Escherichia coli strains (1985)

Two diphasic Escherichia coli strains, Bi7327-41 and P12b, which spontaneously change their flagellar antigenic characters from H3 to H16, and from H17 to H4, respectively, were investigated. New features of the genetic control of flagellar phase variation in Bi7327-41 and Salmonella were found. Two genes responsible for the alternative flagellar phases H17 and H4 were demonstrated in P12b. They differed from hagA(H16) and hagB(H3), the two flagellin genes of Bi7327-41, in not being alleles of hagB(H3) or sensitive to the hagA(H16)-specific repressor.
Nimrod/K: towards massively parallel dynamic grid workflows (2008)

A challenge for Grid computing is the difficulty in developing software that is parallel, distributed and highly dynamic. Whilst there have been many general purpose mechanisms developed over the years, Grid programming still remains a low level, error prone task. Scientific workflow engines can double as programming environments, and allow a user to compose dasiavirtualpsila Grid applications from pre-existing components. Whilst existing workflow engines can specify arbitrary parallel programs, (where components use message passing) they are typically not effective with large and variable parallelism. Here we discuss dynamic dataflow, originally developed for parallel tagged dataflow architectures (TDAs), and show that these can be used for implementing Grid workflows. TDAs spawn parallel threads dynamically without additional programming. We have added TDAs to Kepler, and show that the system can orchestrate workflows that have large amounts of variable parallelism. We demonstrate the system using case studies in chemistry and in cardiac modelling.
Rate Dependence of Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Interlayer-Toughened Carbon-Fiber/Epoxy Laminates. (1998)

Rate dependence of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of interlayer-toughened carbonfiber/epoxy laminates (T800H/3900-2, Toray) was investigated over a wide range of loading rate from quasi-static to impact (displacement rate, δ=0.01 mm/min-15m/sec). The fracture toughness was measured by using the ENF (End Notched Flexure) specimen with a universal testing machine at quasi-static loading rates and with a SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) system at impact loading rates. The load-displacement relation was non-linear below the maximum load point at all loading rates. Hence, the fracture toughness was calculated with considering the microscale crack growth preceding the macroscale unstable crack growth, which was enabled both by using a ramped incident stress wave and by estimating the equivalent load from the surface strain of the specimen at impact loading rates. The fracture toughness, wholly, showed positive rate dependence (i. e. the fracture toughness increased with loading rate). However, it, partly, showed negative rate dependence. The crack path was near the boundary region between the base lamina and the interlayer at quasi-static loading rates. This type of fracture was characteized mainly as the interface debonding between the carbon fiber and the epoxy resin, resulting a rough fracture surface. However, the crack path was inside the interlayer at impact loading rates. This type of fracture was characterized as the failure of the interlayer resin, resulting a smooth fracture surface. It was supposed that the transition of the frature characteristics might cause the rise of the fracture toughness at impact loading rates.
Formation of silica-supported platinum nanoparticles as a function of preparation conditions and boron impregnation (2020)

Preparation of supported metal nanoparticles for catalytic applications often relies on an assumption that the initially prepared wet-impregnated support material is covered with approximately a monolayer of adsorbed species that are shaped into the target nanoparticulate material with a desired size distribution by utilizing appropriate post-treatments that often include calcination and reduction schemes. Here, the formation and evolution of surface nanoparticles were investigated for wet-chemistry deposition of platinum from trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum (IV) precursor onto flat silica supports to interrogate the factors influencing the initial stages of nanoparticle formation. The deposition was performed on silicon-based substrates, including hydroxylated silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) and boron-impregnated hydroxylated silica (B/SiO<sub>2</sub>) surfaces. The deposition resulted in the immediate formation of Pt-containing nanoparticles, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared substrates were later reduced at 550 °C under H<sub>2</sub> gas environment. This reduction procedure resulted in the formation of metallic Pt particles. The reactivity of the precursor and dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the OH-terminated silica surface were compared to those on the B-impregnated surface. The size distribution of the resulting nanoparticles as a function of surface preparation was evaluated, and density functional theory calculations were used to explain the differences between the two types of surfaces investigated.
Reaction of aquopentaammineruthenium(II) cation with hydrazoic acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of aquopentaammineruthenium(II) cation with hydrazoic acidPeter S. Sheridan and Fred BasoloCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 11, 2721–2724Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50117a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (507 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
An ID-Based Linearly Homomorphic Signature Scheme and Its Application in Blockchain (2018)

Identity-based cryptosystems mean that public keys can be directly derived from user identifiers, such as telephone numbers, email addresses, and social insurance number, and so on. So they can simplify key management procedures of certificate-based public key infrastructures and can be used to realize authentication in blockchain. Linearly homomorphic signature schemes allow to perform linear computations on authenticated data. And the correctness of the computation can be publicly verified. Although a series of homomorphic signature schemes have been designed recently, there are few homomorphic signature schemes designed in identity-based cryptography. In this paper, we construct a new ID-based linear homomorphic signature scheme, which avoids the shortcomings of the use of public-key certificates. The scheme is proved secure against existential forgery on adaptively chosen message and ID attack under the random oracle model. The ID-based linearly homomorphic signature schemes can be applied in e-business and cloud computing. Finally, we show how to apply it to realize authentication in blockchain.
Rich variety in the ground states of [Pd(dmit)2]2 salts, and the methodology for analysing intra‐dimer interactions, inter‐dimer interactions and MO levels (2012)

Abstract A group of [Pd(dmit) 2 ] 2 salts, whose two‐dimensional structures take (pesudo‐) triangular lattice, has a diversity in the ground states. In order to investigate the ground states, we have developed the methodology for analysing subtle changes in the inter‐molecular interactions and MO level using the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. This methodology is applied to several [Pd(dmit) 2 ] 2 salts. We have found some relationships between the ground states and the inter‐dimer and intra‐dimer interactions under HOMO–LUMO inversion.
An important role of a “probable ATP‐binding component of ABC transporter” during the process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to fluoroquinolone (2006)

In order to find new drug target to eliminate the fluoroquinolone resistance, the in vitro progress of Pseudomonas aeruginosa fluoroquinolone resistance was mimicked, and then proteomic analysis was applied to comparing different protein profiles during the resistant process. The results show that the expression of a "probable ATP-binding component of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter" existed in ciprofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant strains, but not in sensitive strain. In addition, the ciprofloxacin concentrations in P. aeruginosa strains, which were obtained from the progress of P. aeruginosa fluoroquinolone resistance, were determined by means of HPLC; the results show that the decrease of the intracellular concentration of drug and the expression of this new protein nearly take place simultaneously. The changes of mRNA levels of the probable ATP-binding component of ABC transporter were detected by virtue of RT-PCR and showed that this protein did not express in the sensitive strains but expressed increasingly in the intermediate and resistant strains. In order to determine the relationships between the development of antibiotic resistance and this protein further, a DNAzyme was designed to aim at the mRNA of the probable ATP-binding component of ABC transporter directly; the ciprofloxacin resistance of P. aeruginosa was partially reduced in vivo by inhibiting the expression of this protein. This DNAzyme has no effect on sensitive strain. And the comparison of drug intracellular concentrations between DNAzyme-treated strains and its control strains shows that this protein may be included in the course of active drug efflux.
Establishment of an in vitro culture system to study the developmental biology of Onchocerca volvulus with implications for anti-Onchocerca drug discovery and screening (2021)

The present study describes an in vitro system in which O. volvulus L3 larvae can be maintained in culture leading to the development of adult stages. Thus, this in vitro system may provide a platform to investigate mating behaviour and early stage of nodulogenesis of O. volvulus adult worms that can be used as additional targets for macrofilaricidal drug screening.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MUC1 Drives c-Met–Dependent Migration and Scattering (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.9MB, A c-Met kinase inhibitor does not affect the viability of MDA-MB-231-MUC1 or MDA-MB-231-control cells: MTT proliferation assay comparing MDA-MB-231-MUC1 or MDA-MB-231-control cells that are untreated, treated with DMSO vehicle, or treated with SU11274, a selective c-Met kinase inhibitor&lt;/p&gt;
Application of a dielectric electro-active polymer actuator for active vibration isolation (2011)

A novel nanobiopolymer film was electrodeposited on the surface of glassy carbon through cyclic voltammetry from dopamine, β-cyclodextrin, and phosphate buffer solution in physiological pH (7.40). The electrochemical behavior of polydopamine-Beta-cyclodextrin modified glassy carbon electrode was investigated for electro-oxidation and determination of some amino acids (l-Cysteine, l-Tyrosine, l-Glycine, and l-Phenylalanine). The modified electrode was applied for selected amino acid detection at physiological pH using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry, chronocoulometery. The linear concentration range of the proposed sensor for the l-Glycine, l-Cysteine, l-Tyrosine, and l-Phenylalanine were 0.2-70, 0.06-0.2, 0.01-0.1, and 0.2-10μM, while low limit of quantifications were 0.2, 0.06, 0.01, and 0.2μM, respectively. The modified electrode shows many advantages as an amino acid sensor such as simple preparation method without using any specific electron transfer mediator or specific reagent, good sensitivity, short response time, and long term stability.
The design and performance of mobile TCP for wireless networks (2000)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reduce the wireless communication overhead associated with the transport layer. Portability is a key element of mobile computing. As mobile devices shrink in terms of size and weight, their computing capabilities are also reduced, constrained by battery capacity. To sustain a good performance level of mobile applications, we devise a solution that reduces the processing complexity on computing-limited mobile devices. Additionally, we aim to minimize the use of wireless resources to further improve performance. Specifically, we develop a streamlined protocol architecture, Mobile TCP (MTCP), that achieves the elimination of IP processing on the wireless segment of the TCP connection. MTCP operates over a single hop wireless link, and, consequently, it eliminates the unnecessary overhead placed on mobile devices, such as the TCP congestion control mechanisms. In addition, we investigate the impact of streamlining the socket layer on offloading the processing overhead. Our experimental results indicate a substantial improvement in the efficiency of protocol processing. For instance, results show that the MTCP processing time per packet is approximately only one fourth that of TCP and the use of CPU resources is reduced by up to 50p. Furthermore, the protocol incorporates various robust, yet simple, loss recovery techniques to considerably improve the throughput in lossy wireless conditions.
Development of patterned carbon nanotubes on a 3D polymer substrate for the flexible tactile sensor application (2011)

This study reports an improved approach to implement a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based flexible tactile sensor, which is integrated with a flexible print circuit (FPC) connector and is capable of detecting normal and shear forces. The merits of the presented tactile sensor by the integration process are as follows: (1) 3D polymer tactile bump structures are naturally formed by the use of an anisotropically etched silicon mold; (2) planar and 3D distributed CNTs are adopted as piezoresistive sensing elements to enable the detection of shear and normal forces; (3) the processes of patterning CNTs and metal routing can be easily batch fabricated on rigid silicon instead of flexible polymer; (4) robust electrical routing is realized using parylene encapsulation to avoid delamination; (5) patterned CNTs, electrical routing and FPC connector are integrated and transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate by a molding process. In application, the CNT-based flexible tactile sensor and its integration with the FPC connector are implemented. Preliminary tests show the feasibility of detecting both normal and shear forces using the presented flexible sensor.