gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Networked Control Systems With Random Delays (2010)

In this paper, an observer-based stabilizing controller has been designed for networked systems involving both random measurement and actuation delays. The developed control algorithm is suitable for networked systems with any type of delays. By the simultaneous presence of binary random delays and making full use of the delay information in the measurement model and controller design, new and less conservative stabilization conditions for networked control systems are derived. The criterion is formulated in the form of a nonconvex matrix inequality of which a feasible solution can be obtained by solving a minimization problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities. An illustrative example is presented to show the applicability of the proposed design technique.
[Fuzzy logic and postoperative pain]. (1997)

It is possible to use fuzzy logic to obtain adequate treatment of postoperative pain.
Pneumonie beim Menschen (2019)

Die Pneumonie ist die am häufigsten zum Tode führende Infektionskrankheit. In Deutschland wird etwa ein Drittel der Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie (community acquired penumonia, CAP) stationär behandelt. Mit 289.000 Krankenhauseinweisung (2018) führt die CAP häufiger zur stationären Behandlung als Myokardinfarkt oder Schlaganfall [1]. Bakterielle Infektionen stehen als Ursache einer CAP im Vordergrund, dabei ist Streptococcus pneumoniae weltweit der häufigste Erreger [2]. Die Symptome einer Pneumonie sind vielseitig und unspezifisch. Neben allgemeinem Krankheitsgefühl treten u.a. Husten, putrides Sputum, Fieber, pleuritischer Schmerz und Rasselgeräusche auf, oft – jedoch nicht immer – assoziiert mit pulmonalen flächigen Verdichtungen mit Aerobronchogramm in der konventionellen Röntgenaufnahme. Obwohl hochwirksame Antibiotika gegen die meisten bakteriellen Erreger der CAP zur Verfügung stehen, ist die Mortalität bei hospitalisierten Patienten mit etwa 12% weiterhin hoch [1;3]. Für schwere Pneumonieverläufe ist u.a. eine inadäquate Pathogen-Wirts-Interaktion verantwortlich, die in ein akutes Lungenversagen mit Ödem, pulmonalarterieller Hypertonie und hoher Mortalität münden kann. Kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse stellen eine weitere Ursache für die hohe Mortalität der Pneumonie dar.
Generalization Properties of Stochastic Optimizers via Trajectory Analysis. (2021)

Despite the ubiquitous use of stochastic optimization algorithms in machine learning, the precise impact of these algorithms on generalization performance in realistic non-convex settings is still poorly understood. In this paper, we provide an encompassing theoretical framework for investigating the generalization properties of stochastic optimizers, which is based on their dynamics. We first prove a generalization bound attributable to the optimizer dynamics in terms of the celebrated Fernique-Talagrand functional applied to the trajectory of the optimizer. This data- and algorithm-dependent bound is shown to be the sharpest possible in the absence of further assumptions. We then specialize this result by exploiting the Markovian structure of stochastic optimizers, deriving generalization bounds in terms of the (data-dependent) transition kernels associated with the optimization algorithms. In line with recent work that has revealed connections between generalization and heavy-tailed behavior in stochastic optimization, we link the generalization error to the local tail behavior of the transition kernels. We illustrate that the local power-law exponent of the kernel acts as an effective dimension, which decreases as the transitions become less Gaussian. We support our theory with empirical results from a variety of neural networks, and we show that both the Fernique-Talagrand functional and the local power-law exponent are predictive of generalization performance.
Integrating new digital technology into the humanities: 3D modeling for archaeology, art history and urban planning (2008)

As the computing revolution moves on, more and more disciplines outside of science and engineering are turning to digital methods of research and teaching. This is especially true in Art History, Archaeology, and Urban Planning where new 3D scanning technology is being used to create large-scale site models that can be used for preservation, documentation, visualization and research.
Light-Driven Proton Reduction in Aqueous Medium Catalyzed by a Family of Cobalt Complexes with Tetradentate Polypyridine-Type Ligands (2015)

A series of tetradentate 2,2':6',2″:6″,2‴-quaterpyridine-type ligands related to ppq (ppq = 8-(1″,10″-phenanthrol-2″-yl)-2-(pyrid-2'-yl)quinoline) have been synthesized. One ligand replaces the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) moiety of ppq with 2,2'-bipyridine and the other two ligands have a 3,3'-polymethylene subunit bridging the quinoline and pyridine. The structural result is that both the planarity and flexibility of the ligand are modified. Co(II) complexes are prepared and characterized by ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) and mass spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray analysis. The light-driven H2-evolving activity of these Co complexes was evaluated under homogeneous aqueous conditions using [Ru(bpy)3](2+) as the photosensitizer, ascorbic acid as a sacrificial electron donor, and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source. At pH 4.5, all three complexes plus [Co(ppq)Cl2] showed the fastest rate, with the dimethylene-bridged system giving the highest turnover frequency (2125 h(-1)). Cyclic voltammograms showed a significant catalytic current for H2 production in both aqueous buffer and H2O/DMF medium. Combined experimental and theoretical study suggest a formal Co(II)-hydride species as a key intermediate that triggers H2 generation. Spin density analysis shows involvement of the tetradentate ligand in the redox sequence from the initial Co(II) state to the Co(II)-hydride intermediate. How the ligand scaffold influences the catalytic activity and stability of catalysts is discussed, in terms of the rigidity and differences in conjugation for this series of ligands.
Online multi-view clustering with incomplete views (2016)

In this paper, we propose an online multi-view clustering algorithm, OMVC, which deals with large-scale incomplete views. We model the multi-view clustering problem as a joint weighted NMF problem and process the multi-view data chunk by chunk to reduce the memory requirement. OMVC learns the latent feature matrices for all the views and pushes them towards a consensus. We further increase the robustness of the learned latent feature matrices in OMVC via lasso regularization. To minimize the influence of incompleteness, dynamic weight setting is introduced to give lower weights to the incoming missing instances in different views. More importantly, to reduce the computational time, we incorporate a faster projected gradient descent by utilizing the Hessian matrices in OMVC. Extensive experiments conducted on four real data demonstrate the effectiveness of OMVC.
Development of a Speech Analysis Protocol for Accident Investigation (1994)

This paper describes an initial attempt to develop a protocol for speech analysis techniques that might lead to a better understanding of the cognitive and emotional states that underlie the behavior of people involved in accidents. A tape recording of radio transmissions made by a pilot during both routine and emergency flight conditions was analyzed. Five primary speech measures were made for each statement: mean fundamental frequency (f 0 ), range of fundamental frequencies (Δf 0 ), duration, mean amplitude and syllable count. Speaking rate (syllables per second) and two other derived measures were computed later. During routine flight, the pilot's f 0 averaged 123.9 Hz, but this increased to an average of 200.1 Hz during emergency conditions. Range of f 0 also increased significantly, while syllable count decreased. These changes may provide a profile of a response to extreme stress that may be useful for gaining insight into situations in which such stress is not otherwise apparent.
Heterologous production, purification, and immunodetection of Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence protein AVR-Pia (2014)

The avirulence gene AVR-Pia of Magnaporthe oryzae, which induces a hypersensitive reaction in rice cultivars containing the resistance gene Pia, was expressed in Escherichia coli. AVR-Pia protein was collected as inclusion bodies, denatured, and refolded. Finally, recombinant AVR-Pia (rAVR-Pia) protein was purified by column chromatography. Infiltration of rAVR-Pia triggered cell browning in the leaves of rice cultivar Aichiasahi (Pia), with accumulation of H2O2 and induction of PR1a expression in rice. On the other hand, these reactions were not observed in Shin-2 (pia) leaves after the same treatment. This observation indicated that rAVR-Pia had the function of an avirulence protein. rAVR-Pia was used for immunization of a rabbit, and anti-AVR-Pia antiserum was prepared. The specificity of this antibody was appraised by detecting native AVR-Pia in the inoculated leaf sheath extract using Western blotting in combination with immunoprecipitation. Native AVR-Pia was successfully detected, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 7.4 kDa, indicating signal peptide cleavage. Additionally, secreted native AVR-Pia was quantified as 3.7 ng/g rice sheath.
8-element linear array monolithic p-i-n MODFET photoreceivers using molecular beam epitaxial regrowth (1993)

An 8-element linear array of single-stage integrating front-end photoreceivers using molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) regrowth was investigated. Each element consisted of a p-i-n In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As photodiode integrated with a selectively regrown pseudomorphic In/sub 0.65/Ga/sub 0.35/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As MODFET. Cutoff frequencies of 1.0- mu m discrete regrown MODFETs were f/sub t/=24 GHz and f/sub max/=50 GHz. Transconductance of the regrown MODFETs was as high as 495 mS/mm with a current density (I/sub ds/) of 250 mA/mm. The 3-dB bandwidth of the photoreceiver was measured to be 1 GHz. The bit rate sensitivity at 1 Gb/s was -31.8 dBm for BER 10/sup -9/ using 1.55 mu m excitation for a photoreceiver with an anti-reflection coating. The single-stage amplifier exhibited up to 25 dB flatband gain of the photocurrent, and a two-stage amplifier was up to 31 dB of gain. Good uniformity between each photoreceiver element in the array was achieved. Electrical crosstalk between photoreceiver elements was estimated to be approximately -34 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Turning up the heat on dynamic proteins: observing molecular motion in real time with temperature-jump X-ray crystallography (2019)

The importance of dynamics for protein function is widely appreciated; however, it remains challenging to understand, in atomic detail, how a molecule's biological activity
Cloning of a Cysteine Protease Required for the Molting of Onchocerca volvulus Third Stage Larvae (1996)

We have investigated the involvement of a cysteine protease in the development of Onchocerca volvulus fourth stage larvae (L4) by testing the effect of cysteine protease inhibitors on the survival of third stage larvae (L3), and the molting of L3 to L4 in vitro. When larvae were cultured in the presence of specific inhibitors, the peptidyl monofluoromethylketones, viability of either L3 or L4 was not affected. However, the inhibitors reduced the number of L3 that molted to L4 in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Molting was completely inhibited in the presence of 50-250 microM inhibitor. Ultrastructural examination of L3 that did not molt in the presence of inhibitors indicated that new L4 cuticle was synthesized, but there was no separation between the L3 and the L4 cuticles. The endogenous cysteine protease was detected in molting larvae after binding to labeled inhibitors, and by antibodies directed against a recombinant O. volvulus L3 cysteine protease that was cloned and expressed. The enzyme was detected in cuticle regions where the separation between the cuticles occurs in molting larvae. These studies suggest that molting and successful development of L4 depends on the expression and release of a cysteine protease.
FcgammaR cross-linking mediates NF-kappaB activation, reduced antigen presentation capacity, and decreased IL-12 production in monocytes without modulation of myeloid dendritic cell development. (2002)

Stimulation of monocytes (MO) through receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (FcgammaR) activates a variety of responses, including phagocytosis, antibody (Ab)-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and production of cytokines. We previously reported that the MO subpopulation that expresses FcgammaR in high density produces high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) compared with FcgammaR-negative MO. Here, we show that cross-linking MO via FcgammaRI or FcgammaRII but not via FcgammaRIII activates nuclear regulatory factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor involved in regulation of TNF-alpha. NF-kappaB activation peaked at 2.75 h after FcgammaRI cross-linking, involved p65 and p50 (heterodimer) and not c-rel-containing NF-kappaB complexes, and was mediated via IkappaB degradation. Cross-linking FcgammaRI, -II, as well as -III inhibited interleukin (IL)-12 (p70) production in MO, whether stimulated with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (P<0.02) or lipopolysaccharide (P<0.02). Inhibition of IL-12 by FcgammaR cross-linking was not mediated by TNF-alpha, as the presence of an anti-TNF-alpha Ab could not restore the reduced IL-12 production. Decreased IL-12 production correlated with reduced antigen presentation capacity (P<0.01) in the FcgammaR-cross-linked MO. Blood MO can give rise to myeloid dendritic cells (DC). FcgammaR cross-linking did not modulate in vitro maturation of MO to fully functional myeloid DC. Allostimulatory capacity in mixed leukocyte reaction and DC marker expression (CDla, CD80, CD86) was not different between control and FcgammaRI cross-linked DC. These results suggest that signals mediated via FcgammaRI, -II, and -III have overlapping yet distinct effects on MO, which are likely to be involved in the fine-tuning of the immune responses to various stimuli.
Enabling MPEG‐7 structural and semantic descriptions in retrieval applications (2007)

Abstract The MPEG‐7 standard supports the description of both the structure and the semantics of multimedia; however, the generation and consumption of MPEG‐7 structural and semantic descriptions are outside the scope of the standard. This article presents two research prototype systems that demonstrate the generation and consumption of MPEG‐7 structural and semantic descriptions in retrieval applications. The active system for MPEG‐4 video object simulation (AMOS) is a video object segmentation and retrieval system that segments, tracks, and models objects in videos (e.g., person, car) as a set of regions with corresponding visual features and spatiotemporal relations. The region‐based model provides an effective base for similarity retrieval of video objects. The second system, the Intelligent Multimedia Knowledge Application (IMKA), uses the novel MediaNet framework for representing semantic and perceptual information about the world using multimedia. MediaNet knowledge bases can be constructed automatically from annotated collections of multimedia data and used to enhance the retrieval of multimedia.
Balancing biofunctional and biomechanical properties using porous titanium reinforced by carbon nanotubes (2018)

Despite the well-known advantages of the titanium-based implant systems, they still lack an optimal balance between biofunctionality and mechanical strength, especially regarding the modulation of cellular response and a desired implant osseointegration. In this work, we fabricated a nanocomposite based on porous commercially pure grade 4 titanium (c.p. Ti) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) at 5% and 10% w/w, with the aim of obtaining a nanocomposite with lower stiffness compared to traditional titanium-based implants and with the mechanical strength and bioactivity owed by the CNT. Results obtained by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy characterization showed that the CNT dispersed and incorporated into the porous c.p. Ti matrix. Interestingly, CNT were associated with a higher twining within neighbor Ti grains, which was indeed consistent with an increased in nano-hardness. Biological evaluation by MTT and Comet assay revealed that the nanocomposites did not induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on two different cells lines despite the presence of nickel at the surface. Accordingly, a purification step would be required before these CNT can be used for biomedical applications. Our results indicate that incorporation of CNT into porous c.p. Ti is a promising avenue to achieve an adequate balance between biofunctionality and mechanical strength in Ti-based scaffolds for tissue replacement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 719-731, 2019.
The eutT Gene of Salmonella enterica Encodes an Oxygen-Labile, Metal-Containing ATP:Corrinoid Adenosyltransferase Enzyme (2004)

The eutT gene of Salmonella enterica was cloned and overexpressed, and the function of its product was established in vivo and in vitro. The EutT protein has an oxygen-labile, metal-containing ATP:co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase activity associated with it. Functional redundancy between EutT and the housekeeping ATP:co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase CobA enzyme was demonstrated through phenotypic analyses of mutant strains. Lack of CobA and EutT blocked ethanolamine utilization. EutT was necessary and sufficient for growth of an S. enterica cobA eutT strain on ethanolamine as a carbon and energy or nitrogen source. A eutT+ gene provided in trans corrected the adenosylcobalamin-dependent transcription of a eut-lacZ operon fusion in a cobA strain. Cell extracts enriched for EutT protein contained strong, readily detectable ATP:co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase activity. The activity was only detected in extracts maintained under anoxic conditions, with complete loss of activity upon exposure to air or treatment with the Fe2+ ion chelator bathophenanthroline. While the involvement of another metal ion cannot be ruled out, the observed sensitivity to air and bathophenanthroline suggests involvement of Fe2+. We propose that the EutT protein is a unique metal-containing ATP:co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase. It is unclear whether the metal ion plays a structural or catalytic role.
Performance of a Novel Fluorogenic Assay for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Bacterial Colonies and Directly from Positive Blood Cultures (2019)

Rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CPE) is critical for appropriate treatment and infection control. We compared a rapid fluorogenic assay using a carbapenem-based fluorogenic probe with other phenotypic assays: modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNP), and carbapenemase inhibition test (CIT). A total of 217 characterized isolates of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were included as follows: 63 CPE; 48 non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (non-CP-CRE); 53 extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers; and 53 third-generation-cephalosporin-susceptible isolates. The fluorogenic assay using bacterial colonies (Fluore-C) was conducted by lysing the isolates followed by centrifugation and mixing the supernatant with fluorogenic probe. In addition, for the fluorogenic assay using spiked blood culture bottles (Fluore-Direct), pellets were obtained via the saponin preparation method, which can directly identify the pathogens using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The fluorescence signal was measured over 50 min using a fluorometer. The fluorescent signal of CPE was significantly higher than that of non-CPE in both Fluore-C (median relative fluorescence units [RFU] [range], 5,814 [240 to 32,009] versus 804 [36 to 2,480], respectively; <i>P < </i>0.0001) and Fluore-Direct (median RFU [range], 10,355 [1,689 to 31,463] versus 1,068 [428 to 2,155], respectively; <i>P < </i>0.0001) tests. Overall, positive and negative percent agreements of Fluore-C, mCIM, CNP, CIT, and Fluore-Direct were 100% and 98.7%, 98.3% and 97.5%, 88.1% and 100%, 96.4% and 98.7%, and 98.3% and 98.1%, respectively. The relatively lower positive percent agreement (PPA) of CNP was mainly observed in OXA-type CPE. The fluorogenic assay showed excellent performance with bacterial colonies and also directly from positive blood cultures. We included many non-CP-CRE isolates for strict evaluation. The fluorogenic assay will be a useful tool for clinical microbiology laboratories.
First evidence of unhindered silanimines obtained by flash vacuum thermolysis and vacuum gas‐solid reaction (1992)

Abstract The unhindered silanimines 1,1‐dimethyl‐ N ‐phenylsilanimine ( 2 ) and N ‐isopropyl‐1,1‐dimethylsilanimine ( 10 ) have been generated by flash vacuum thermolysis of the N ‐allylsilanamine 1 and vacuum gas‐solid reaction of the 1‐chlorosilanamine 9 , respectively. The silanimines 2 and 10 have been characterized by MS as well as by chemical trapping to yield 3 or dimerization to the cyclodisilazane 11 .
Stability of Foam in Sclerotherapy (2005)

BACKGROUND Foam sclerotherapy is an increasingly popular modality in the treatment of varicose veins. Worldwide, the most popular agents used are sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) and polidocanol (POL). The double-syringe system technique to make foam out of a sclerosing solution and air has received wide attention for its ease and reproducibility. This study examined the possibility that the relative silicone content of various disposable connectors may affect overall foam stability. We also evaluated the differences in the stability of foam between STS and POL. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first part of the study, one nondisposable stainless steel connector and five disposable plastic connectors were used to create foam from STS 0.50% and air. The procedure was then repeated to produce foam from POL 0.50% and air from each of the six different connector types. As a measure of foam stability, once foam was created with each type of connector, the time required for half of the original volume of sclerosing solution to settle was recorded. In the second part of the study, foam was created with a nondisposable stainless steel connector only and various concentrations of STS and POL. Foam stability was then measured for these different concentrations of sclerosants. RESULTS The time for sclerosing solution to settle to half of its initial volume was found to vary according to the specific sclerosant and concentration used, with no statistically significant variation based on connector type. CONCLUSIONS The type of connector used in the double-syringe system technique to produce foam for sclerotherapy is not a factor in foam stability. Sclerosing solutions differ in their foaming stability.