gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Teaching Machines and Aesthetic Values (1962)

Whatever may be said of the status of aesthetic values in everyday life in America, perhaps the most fascinating and most controversial cultural phenomenon in this country is the so-called New York School of painting, Abstract Expressionism. Springing partly from European roots, this uniquely American art style has proven of such vigor that it now has a widespread following among the avant-garde in Tokyo, London, Rome, and Munich. Even Paris itself, the old capital of modern art, has fallen under its spell. Evidence of this world-wide influence and prestige is readily available. One need only compare the production of younger artists at work in these cities with the work of such established New York painters as deKooning, Kline, Hofmann, Gottlieb, Motherwell, and Pollack. Or one may note the demand for their art by collectors and museums. Or compare price-tags. But no matter what one chooses to accept as evidence, it would be hard to deny what is now an obvious fact: Abstract Expressionism represents a range of aesthetic values of major cultural importance. It seems paradoxical, however, that Abstract Expressionist art flourishes as an aesthetic value in a society so thoroughly technological as ours. The paradox is apparent when it is noted that the ethical values these artists advance as necessary conditions for their creative production are in profound conflict with those of modern communal living. They appear to be defending highly individualistic, anti-intellectual, and even anti-social ethical values; yet these values run counter to those which are necessary conditions for modern society. I refer to the values of organization and mechanization which are now-or rapidly becoming-essential in our mass systems of communication, transportation, production and distribution, entertainment, and education. The strangeness is heightened by the fact that these societal values are responsible, in part, for the high esteem which Abstract Expressionism now enjoys. It has become a familiar part of our mass culture, mainly as a result of the distribution and saturation sales of reproductions and art books across the land. Since 1944, its official birth date, this art style has moved from the category of things judged to be grotesque, unwholesome, and outlandish to the status of a popular commodity. Sophisticated Americans buy reproductions of Abstract Expressionist work. Their more affluent friends buy the originals. But neither class of aesthetic consumer will accept along with this art the ethical commitments of the artists who produced it. Because of the publicity given their work, the stated and implied ethical positions of these artists have thereby been made to stand in sharp relief against the prevailing values of conformity in thought and action.
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of beta zeolite–bentonite composite materials for shaped catalysts (2018)

Composite materials for shaped catalysts were prepared from three commercial beta zeolites using bentonite as an aluminosilicate clay binder.
Methods of assessment celery leaf spot (Septoria apiicola) in relation to fungicide evaluation (1971)

SUMMARY Six criteria for evaluating fungicides for control of celery leaf spot ( Septoria apiicola ) were compared. Two of these criteria consisted of yield measurements, of which marketable yield gave better statistical separation of the fungicides than gross yield. Of the other four criteria, assessment of leaf spot on a whole‐plot basis was the most valuable. Overall disease rating on individual intact plants, rating of each petiole and numbers of diseased petioles per plant were less useful assessment criteria.
The Fiber Specificity of the Cotton FSltp4 Gene Promoter is Regulated by an AT-Rich Promoter Region and the AT-Hook Transcription Factor GhAT1 (2007)

Fiber-specific genes are expressed preferentially or exclusively in cotton (Gossypium spp.) fiber and are thought to have important functions in fiber development. The promoters of these genes are of interest because they control transcription in the fiber cell and may be used in the genetic manipulation of fiber quality. The promoter of a cotton lipid transfer protein gene, FSltp4, was isolated and shown to direct fiber-specific transcription of an abundant mRNA in cotton. In transgenic tobacco, this promoter was strongly active in leaf trichomes. Deletion analysis of the promoter identified an AT-rich 84 bp fiber specificity region (FSR) necessary for activity exclusively in the fiber cells. Cotton fiber proteins that bind the FSR were isolated using a yeast one-hybrid assay. One of these was a putative AT-hook transcription factor (GhAT1) containing two AT-hook motifs. GhAT1 was shown to be nuclear localized, and GhAT1 transcripts were found to be preferentially expressed in ovules and non-fiber tissues. Overexpression of GhAT1 strongly repressed the activity of the FSltp4 promoter in the trichomes of transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that GhAT1 assists in the specification of fiber cells by repressing FSltp4 in the non-fiber tissues of the cotton plant.
A Simplified Method for the Isolation and Estimation of Cell Wall Bound Glycogen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

Glycogen is an important storage reserve in yeast. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycogen is present in two pools, an intracellular soluble pool and a cell wall bound, insoluble extra-cellular pool. The present method uses a 20% KOH treatment to separate the two pools, which are then estimated using amyloglucosidase. The amount of soluble glycogen was found to be 6.5 mg/g of wet weight of yeast while that of cell wall bound glycogen was found to be almost three times that of the soluble, viz., 18 mg/g of wet weight of yeast. The data is compared with two earlier commonly used methods of yeast carbohydrate fractionation, which reported glycogen in totality. Reviewing these methods in the light of finding two pools of glycogen revealed that both the methods can be demonstrated to yield soluble glycogen in the range of 6–9 mg/g of yeast and 18–21 mg/g of wet weight of yeast of cell wall bound glycogen.
Structural Characterization of a Flavonoid-Inducible Pseudomonas aeruginosa A-Band-Like O Antigen of Rhizobium sp. Strain NGR234, Required for the Formation of Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules (2005)

Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) sp. strain NGR234 contains three replicons, the smallest of which (pNGR234a) carries most symbiotic genes, including those required for nodulation and lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (Nod factor) biosynthesis. Activation of nod gene expression depends on plant-derived flavonoids, NodD transcriptional activators, and nod box promoter elements. Nod boxes NB6 and NB7 delimit six different types of genes, one of which (fixF) is essential for the formation of effective nodules on Vigna unguiculata. In vegetative culture, wild-type NGR234 produces a distinct, flavonoid-inducible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is not produced by the mutant (NGRomegafixF); this LPS is also found in nitrogen-fixing bacteroids isolated from V. unguiculata infected with NGR234. Electron microscopy showed that peribacteroid membrane formation is perturbed in nodule cells infected by the fixF mutant. LPSs were purified from free-living NGR234 cultured in the presence of apigenin. Structural analyses showed that the polysaccharide portions of these LPSs are specialized, rhamnose-containing O antigens attached to a modified core-lipid A carrier. The primary sequence of the O antigen is [-3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1,3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1,2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-]n, and the LPS core region lacks the acidic sugars commonly associated with the antigenic outer core of LPS from noninduced cells. This rhamnan O antigen, which is absent from noninduced cells, has the same primary sequence as the A-band O antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except that it is composed of L-rhamnose rather than the D-rhamnose characteristic of the latter. It is noteworthy that A-band LPS is selectively maintained on the P. aeruginosa cell surface during chronic cystic fibrosis lung infection, where it is associated with an increased duration of infection.
Estimation of Growth Rates of Escherichia coli BJ4 in Streptomycin-Treated and Previously Germfree Mice by In Situ rRNA Hybridization (1999)

The growth physiology of Escherichia coli during colonization of the intestinal tract was studied with four animal models: the streptomycin-treated mouse carrying a reduced microflora, the monoassociated mouse with no other microflora than the introduced strain, the conventionalized streptomycin-treated mouse, and the conventionalized monoassociated mouse harboring a full microflora. A 23S rRNA fluorescent oligonucleotide probe was used for hybridization to whole E. coli cells fixed directly after being taken from the animals, and the respective growth rates of E. coli BJ4 in the four animal models were estimated by correlating the cellular concentrations of ribosomes with the growth rate of the strain. The growth rates thus estimated from the ribosomal content of E. coli BJ4 in vivo did not differ in the streptomycin-treated and the monoassociated mice. After conventionalization there was a slight decrease of the bacterial growth rates in both animal models.
Compact Filtering Antennas Based On Dual-Mode SIW Cavity (2021)

A brief review of compact filtering antennas (or filtennas) based on the dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented in this paper. Three configurations are proposed to realize circularly polarized (CP), dual-polarized and dual-band filtennas, respectively. In these designs, four orthogonal half-mode (HM) patches serving as radiators are employed in conjunction with a dual-mode SIW cavity. Sparse vias are used as coupling windows between the SIW cavity and HM patches, while maintaining the original sharp dual-mode filtering response. Folded structures are applied to reduce the aperture size and form un-splitted radiation beams with small side lobes.
Clonal relationship between infiltrating immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cells in lacrimal glands and circulating IgG4-positive lymphocytes in Mikulicz's disease (2008)

Mikulicz's disease (MD) is gaining acceptance as an immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease characterized by bilateral lacrimal and salivary gland swelling. The aetiology of MD and other IgG4-related diseases is still unclear. The present work was performed to study the clonality of infiltrating IgG4-positive plasma cells in lacrimal glands and circulating peripheral blood cells in patients with MD, and compare the clonal relationship between infiltrating and circulating IgG4 positive cells. Total cellular RNA was extracted from the lacrimal glands and peripheral blood in five MD patients. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed with primers specific for activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and for Ig VH and IgG4. Sequences of Ig VH were compared with the structure of Ig VH of the lacrimal glands and the peripheral blood cells. AID was expressed to varying degrees in lacrimal glands of all MD patients. Most IgG4-positive cells infiltrating lacrimal glands and in peripheral blood were polyclonal, although several clonally related pairs were detected. In one patient, two of the circulating IgG4 VH4-59 clones shared identical CDR3 sequences with the clones within the lacrimal glands. In conclusion, while most tissue-infiltrating and circulating IgG4-positive cells in MD are polyclonal, some clonally related IgG4 positive cells exist between lacrimal gland and peripheral blood, accounting for the clinical features of MD as an IgG4-related disease involving multiple organs.
Fabrication of Sputtered Low-strain, Low-loss SiN Waveguide for Optical Phased Array Device (2020)

We fabricated sputtered SiN-waveguides with film stress-free, low-loss waveguide at room temperature for optical phased array devices. The beam steering performance was also estimated using the sputtered thick SiN waveguide.
Changes in mammary caveolin-1 signaling pathways are associated with breast cancer risk in rats exposed to estradiol in utero or during prepuberty (2010)

Developmental stage of rat mammary gland at the time of estrogen exposure determines whether the exposure increases or reduces later breast cancer risk. For example, in utero exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) increases, whereas prepubertal exposure to this hormone decreases susceptibility of developing carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. E2 mediates its actions by interacting with caveolin-1 (CAV1), a putative tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Mammary tissues from 2-month-old rats exposed to E2 in utero contained decreased levels of CAV1, whereas prepubertal E2 exposure increased the levels, when compared to vehicle controls. Low CAV1 expression was associated with increased cell proliferation and estrogen receptor α expression, and reduced apoptosis in the mammary glands of rats exposed to E2 in utero. In contrast, high CAV1 expression correlated with reduced cell proliferation and cyclin D1 and phospho-Akt levels, and increased apoptosis in the mammary glands of rats exposed to E2 during prepuberty. In support of the role of CAV1 as a negative regulator of a variety of pro-growth signaling proteins, we detected decreased levels of <i>Src</i> and ErbB2 in rats exposed to E2 during prepuberty. Thus, estrogen exposure during mammary gland development affects the expression and function of CAV1 in a manner consistent with observed changes in susceptibility to mammary tumorigenesis.
Effect of the Roll Surface Profile on Centerline Segregation in Soft Reduction Process (2012)

This study investigates the effect of roll surface profile on the centerline segregation of the molten metal (bloom) being solidified in the soft reduction process, where the molten metal (bloom) thickness is reduced consecutively by a set of rolls. The roll surface profiles are convex and flat. Finite element analysis was performed to examine the variations in solidus line contour, the phase state across the bloom cross-section and stress state of the bloom in the mushy zone to the casting direction when high carbon bloom (400 mm in thickness and 500 mm in width) was solidified and plastically deformed at the same time. To verify the finite element analysis results, soft reduction test with an actual bloom caster was also carried out. Results reveal that a convex roll surface profile is much more effective than a flat roll surface profile in decreasing the centerline segregation and the internal cracks in the bloom. The convex roll surface profile compresses the mushy zone from both directions (bloom thickness and width) and subsequently compensates efficiently the solidification shrinkage of molten metal. In addition, the convex roll can save energy required in deforming the bloom in the soft reduction process.
A high performance liquid chromatographic method of analysis of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin and their metabolites in biological samples. (1983)

A method for measuring 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) and its metabolites in biological samples are described. By reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection, THP and its metabolites were all separated on a single chromatogram within 18 minutes. A linear calibration curve was obtained up to 2,000 ng/ml of THP in plasma. The recovery of THP in the analysis was more than 95% above 5 ng/ml and 87.1% even at 1.25 ng/ml. Thus the lower limit was 1.25 ng/ml in biological samples. Blood levels and urinary excretion in mice and dogs were satisfactory measured by this analytical method.
Wavelet analysis of molecular dynamics: Efficient extraction of time-frequency information in ultrafast optical processes (2013)

New experimental techniques based on nonlinear ultrafast spectroscopies have been developed over the last few years, and have been demonstrated to provide powerful probes of quantum dynamics in different types of molecular aggregates, including both natural and artificial light harvesting complexes. Fourier transform-based spectroscopies have been particularly successful, yet "complete" spectral information normally necessitates the loss of all information on the temporal sequence of events in a signal. This information though is particularly important in transient or multi-stage processes, in which the spectral decomposition of the data evolves in time. By going through several examples of ultrafast quantum dynamics, we demonstrate that the use of wavelets provide an efficient and accurate way to simultaneously acquire both temporal and frequency information about a signal, and argue that this greatly aids the elucidation and interpretation of physical process responsible for non-stationary spectroscopic features, such as those encountered in coherent excitonic energy transport.
An Amidinate Ligand with a Pendant Amine Functionality; Synthesis of a Vanadium(III) Complex and Ethene Polymerization Catalysis[#] (1998)

A new type of amidinate ancillary ligand has been prepared, which incorporates a pendant tertiary amine functionality. The crystal structure of a vanadium(III) derivative, [SiMe3NC(Ph)NCH2CH2NMe2]VCl2(THF) (1), shows that the ligand can adopt a facial geometry, with an unusual distortion of the amidinate nitrogen bearing the pendant functionality. With AlEt2Cl cocatalyst the compound 1 produces a single-site catalytic system for the polymerization of ethene.
Neue Studien zur Hypertonie (2015)

Die gemeinsame Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) und der European Society of Hypertension (ESH) empfiehlt allgemein
Reaction of Trichloroethylene Oxide with Proteins and DNA:  Instability of Adducts and Modulation of Functions (2000)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) shows several types of toxicities, some of which may be the result of bioactivation. Oxidation by P450s yields the electrophile TCE oxide. We previously analyzed N(6)-acyllysine adducts formed from the reaction of TCE oxide with proteins [Cai, H., and Guengerich, F. P. (2000) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 327-335]; however, we had been unable to measure ester adducts under the prolonged conditions of proteolysis and derivatization. Protein amino acid adducts were directly observed by mass spectrometry during the reaction of TCE oxide with the model polypeptides insulin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, residues 1-24). The majority (80%) of the protein adducts were unstable under physiological conditions and had a collective t(1/2) of approximately 1 h, suggesting that they are ester type adducts formed from reactions of Cys, Ser, Tyr, or Thr residues with intermediates formed in TCE oxide hydrolysis. Synthetic O-acetyl-L-Ser and O-acetyl-L-Tyr had half-lives of 1 h and 10 min at pH 8.0, respectively, similar to the stabilities of the protein adducts. The effects of TCE oxide adduct formation on catalytic activities were examined with five model enzymes. No recovery of catalytic activity was observed during the reaction of TCE oxide with two model enzymes for which the literature suggests roles of a Lys, rabbit muscle aldolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. However, in the cases of papain (essential Cys residue in the active site), alpha-chymotrypsin (critical Ser residue), and D-amino acid oxidase (essential Cys and Tyr residues), time-dependent recoveries of enzyme activity were observed following reaction with TCE oxide or either of two model nucleophiles (dichloroacetyl chloride and acetic formic anhydride), paralleling the kinetics of removal of adducts from insulin and ACTH. Formation of adducts ( approximately 2%) was detected in the direct reaction of TCE oxide with 2'-deoxyguanosine, but not with the other three nucleosides found in DNA. During the reaction of TCE oxide with a synthetic 8-mer oligonucleotide, formation of adducts was observed by mass spectrometry. However, the adducts had a t(1/2) of 30 min at pH 8.5. These results indicate the transient nature of the adducts formed from the reaction of TCE oxide with macromolecules and their biological effects.
Autophagy and ATP-induced anti-apoptosis in antigen presenting cells (APC) follows the cytokine storm in patients after major trauma (2011)

Severe trauma and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) occur as a result of a cytokine storm which is in part due to ATP released from damaged tissue. This pathology also leads to increased numbers of immature antigen presenting cells (APC) sharing properties of dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages (MΦ). The occurrence of immature APC appears to coincide with the reactivation of herpes virus infections such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was the comparative analysis of the ultrastructural and functional characteristics of such immature APC. In addition, we investigated EBV infection/ reactivation and whether immature APC might be targets for natural killers (NK). Significant macroautophagy, mitochondrial degradation and multivesicular body formation together with the identification of herpes virus particles were morphological findings associated with immature APC. Exogenous stressors such as ATP further increased morphological signs of autophagy, including LC3 expression. Functional tests using fluorescent bacteria proved impaired phagolysosome fusion. However, immature APC were susceptible to NK-92-mediated cytolysis. We found evidence for EBV latency state II infection by detecting EBV-specific LMP1 and EBNA2 in immature APC and in whole blood of these patients. In summary, trauma-induced cytokine storms may induce maturation arrest of APC, promote ATP-induced autophagy, support EBV persistence and impair the degradation of phagocytozed bacteria through inefficient phagolysosome fusion. The susceptibility to NK-mediated cytolysis supports the hypothesis that NK function is likely to contribute to immune reconstitution after major trauma by regulating immature APC, and ATP-induced autophagy and survival.
Click Multivalent Homogeneous Neoglycoconjugates – Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Binding Affinities (2009)

Abstract Mannose (α‐Man)‐containing neoglycoconjugates possessing aliphatic‐, aromatic‐, and carbohydrate‐centered architectures and differing in structural characteristics such as valency, topology, and nature of the linker have been synthesized using click chemistry that shows its value as an efficient and versatile methodology for accessing tailor‐made multivalent neoglycoconjugates. The binding behaviour of these glycomimics toward Concanavalin A (Con A) has been evaluated to determine the influence of the structural parameters. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bio-organic field effect transistors based on crosslinked deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gate dielectric (2009)

Using DNA-based biopolymers purified from salmon waste, as an insulating layer, bio-organic field effect transistor (BiOFET) devices were fabricated. Such devices exhibit current-voltage characteristics with low operational voltages as compared with using other organic dielectrics. The observed hysteresis in transfer characteristics of such BiOFETs can be reduced using a crosslinking process. Such crosslinked DNA complex is used as a gate dielectric in n-type C60 as well as p-type α-sexithiophene (T6) based BiOFETs.