gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic and Brain Macrophage Infections in Relation to the Development of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (2008)

The brains of individuals with lentiviral-associated encephalitis contain an abundance of infected and activated macrophages. It has been hypothesized that encephalitis develops when increased numbers of infected monocytes traffic into the central nervous system (CNS) during the end stages of immunosuppression. The relationships between the infection of brain and systemic macrophages and circulating monocytes and the development of lentiviral encephalitis are unknown. We longitudinally examined the extent of monocyte/macrophage infection in blood and lymph nodes of pigtailed macaques that did or did not develop simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (SIVE). Compared to levels in macaques that did not develop SIVE, more ex vivo virus production was detected from monocyte-derived macrophages and nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from macaques that did develop SIVE. Prior to death, there was an increase in the number of circulating PBMCs following a rise in cerebrospinal fluid viral load in macaques that did develop SIVE but not in nonencephalitic macaques. At necropsy, macaques with SIVE had more infected macrophages in peripheral organs, with the exception of lymph nodes. T cells and NK cells with cytotoxic potential were more abundant in brains with encephalitis; however, T-cell and NK-cell infiltration in SIVE and human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis was more modest than that observed in classical acute herpes simplex virus encephalitis. These findings support the hypothesis that inherent differences in host systemic and CNS monocyte/macrophage viral production are associated with the development of encephalitis.
Role based behavior analysis (2009)

Nos nossos dias, o sucesso de uma empresa depende da sua agilidade e capacidade de se adaptar a condições que se alteram rapidamente. Dois requisitos para esse sucesso são trabalhadores pro-activos e uma infra-estrutura ágil de Tecnologias de Informação/Sistemas de Informação (TI/SI) que os consiga suportar. No entanto, isto nem sempre sucede. Os requisitos dos utilizadores ao nível da rede podem não ser completamente conhecidos, o que causa atrasos nas mudanças de local e reorganizações. Além disso, se não houver um conhecimento preciso dos requisitos, a infraestrutura de TI/SI poderá ser utilizada de forma ineficiente, com excessos em algumas áreas e deficiências noutras. Finalmente, incentivar a pro-actividade não implica acesso completo e sem restrições, uma vez que pode deixar os sistemas vulneráveis a ameaças externas e internas. O objectivo do trabalho descrito nesta tese é desenvolver um sistema que consiga caracterizar o comportamento dos utilizadores do ponto de vista da rede. Propomos uma arquitectura de sistema modular para extrair informação de fluxos de rede etiquetados. O processo é iniciado com a criação de perfis de utilizador a partir da sua informação de fluxos de rede. Depois, perfis com características semelhantes são agrupados automaticamente, originando perfis de grupo. Finalmente, os perfis individuais são comprados com os perfis de grupo, e os que diferem significativamente são marcados como anomalias para análise detalhada posterior. Considerando esta arquitectura, propomos um modelo para descrever o comportamento de rede dos utilizadores e dos grupos. Propomos ainda métodos de visualização que permitem inspeccionar rapidamente toda a informação contida no modelo. O sistema e modelo foram avaliados utilizando um conjunto de dados reais obtidos de um operador de telecomunicações. Os resultados confirmam que os grupos projectam com precisão comportamento semelhante. Além disso, as anomalias foram as esperadas, considerando a população subjacente. Com a informação que este sistema consegue extrair dos dados em bruto, as necessidades de rede dos utilizadores podem sem supridas mais eficazmente, os utilizadores suspeitos são assinalados para posterior análise, conferindo uma vantagem competitiva a qualquer empresa que use este sistema.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Chemistry of 2(1H)‐Pyrazinones (2011)

Abstract Review: 101 refs.
Effects of Targeted Replacement of the Tomatinase Gene on the Interaction ofSeptoria lycopersiciwith Tomato Plants (2000)

Many plants produce constitutive antifungal molecules belonging to the saponin family of secondary metabolites, which have been implicated in plant defense. Successful pathogens of these plants must presumably have some means of combating the chemical defenses of their hosts. In the oat root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis, the saponin-detoxifying enzyme avenacinase has been shown to be essential for pathogenicity. A number of other phytopathogenic fungi also produce saponin-degrading enzymes, although the significance of these for saponin resistance and pathogenicity has not yet been established. The tomato leaf spot pathogen Septoria lycopersici secretes the enzyme tomatinase, which degrades the tomato steroidal glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine. Here we report the isolation and characterization of tomatinase-deficient mutants of S. lycopersici following targeted gene disruption. Tomatinase-minus mutants were more sensitive to alpha-tomatine than the wild-type strain. They could, however, still grow in the presence of 1 mM alpha-tomatine, suggesting that nondegradative mechanisms of tolerance are also important. There were no obvious effects of loss of tomatinase on macroscopic lesion formation on tomato leaves, but trypan blue staining of infected tissue during the early stages of infection revealed more dying mesophyll cells in leaves that had been inoculated with tomatinase-minus mutants. Expression of a defense-related basic beta-1,3 glucanase gene was also enhanced in these leaves. These differences in plant response may be associated with subtle differences in the growth of the wild-type and mutant strains during infection. Alternatively, tomatinase may be involved in suppression of plant defense mechanisms.
Sequence-specific gene silencing by alkylating Py-Im polyamide (2005)

We have demonstrated that hairpin pyrrole (Py)-imidazole (Im) polyamide-CPI conjugates selectively induced luciferase gene silencing by sequence-specific alkylation of the coding region. Recently, we developed a new type of Py-Im polyamide CBI conjugate with an indole linker as a stable sequence-specific alkylating agent. In this study, we investigated the gene silencing ability of polyamides A, B and C, which potentially target specific sequences in the promoter region, non-coding strand, and coding strand of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, respectively. The GFP vectors were transfected into human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116), and the cells treated with 100 nM of the polyamides for 24 h. Using direct observation of cell by fluorescence microscopy, a significant GFP-gene silencing effect was only seen with treatment with polyamide C. Polyamides A and B did not show such activity.
Medicaid Payer Status Is Associated With Increased 90-Day Resource Utilization, Reoperation, and Infection Following Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty. (2022)

This study identifies the Medicaid payor status as an independent risk factor for increased resource utilization, reoperation, and infection in the early postoperative period for patients undergoing rTHA. This relationship is likely due to an interplay of multiple variables, including socioeconomic status and access to care. <b>Level of Evidence: IV</b>.
Benchmark measurements for Wi-Fi signal strength-based positioning system (2012)

In this paper, we propose a methodology for recording the signal strength of Wi-Fi signals to provide a benchmark for offline use. The parameters which are studied and seem important are the input data of the recording system. These parameters are classified into three categories, the type of packets transmitted, the propagation context and the environment. From the recorded measurements, comparing similarity functions between the reference map and measurements will be based on the same observed values. The analysis will therefore be reliable and reproducible. Signal measuring is always done with the same hardware to be objective. A set of factors is studied in order to measure the real impact on the received signal strength signal accurately.
Modular logic controllers for machining systems: formal representation and performance analysis using Petri nets (1999)

The machining systems considered are high volume transfer lines which are widely used in automotive manufacturing. In these machining systems, several machines linked together provide complete processing of a part. A logic controller is a discrete event supervisory system which controls parallel and synchronized sequences of elementary operations of each machine to achieve the goal of the machining system. Normal operation is governed by the auto-cycle function of a logic controller. A modular logic controller is introduced and formalized for high volume transfer lines. Its event-based functional properties are verified and its reconfigurability is considered. A live and safe marked graph can be directly transformed into a sequential function chart (which is one of the IEC 1131-3 languages) and, using this SFC representation, a modular logic controller can be implemented. The performance analysis of the modular logic controller is also introduced. The cycle time during normal operation is used as the performance metric of a transfer line. By adding time specifications to the model, a timed modular logic controller is generated. The time-based cyclic behavior of high volume transfer lines is thus characterized using timed Petri nets. Two efficient algorithms to compute the cycle time and critical operations are developed.
Design of quad-band reflector antennas without using frequency selective surfaces (2002)

Two off-axis dual-band feeds may be used with a symmetric or shaped Cassegrain antenna. As an example, a Cassegrain antenna with a main reflector diameter of 300 inches and a focal length of 250 inches is considered. Radiation patterns are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The myelin–axolemmal complex: biochemical dissection and the role of galactosphingolipids (2003)

Myelin-axolemmal interactions regulate many cellular and molecular events, including gene expression, oligodendrocyte survival and ion channel clustering. Here we report the biochemical fractionation and enrichment of distinct subcellular domains from myelinated nerve fibers. Using antibodies against proteins found in compact myelin, non-compact myelin and axolemma, we show that a rigorous procedure designed to purify myelin also results in the isolation of the myelin-axolemmal complex, a high-affinity protein complex consisting of axonal and oligodendroglial components. Further, the isolation of distinct subcellular domains from galactolipid-deficient mice with disrupted axoglial junctions is altered in a manner consistent with the delocalization of axolemmal proteins observed in these animals. These results suggest a paradigm for identification of proteins involved in neuroglial signaling.
Aspirin Reduces Plasma Concentrations of the Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial (2016)

Reduction of the oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate identifies a novel, non-COX-inhibition-mediated mechanism of aspirin.
Security Analytics (2018)

We review the unique needs of the security domain that necessitate adaptation rather than straightforward application of data science techniques to cyber security. Subsequently, we highlight key data science approaches and best practices, which we believe are more appropriate for the security domain. Unfortunately, the uptake of these approaches and practices has not been satisfactory so far. Hence, we present our reasons and then invite more discussion on why these "seemingly better ideas" are not yet so popular as the basic ideas and techniques. We then discuss our experiences with a course on security analytics that we have been teaching for over three years now.
A General Analytical Tool for the Design of Vibration Energy Harvesters (VEHs) Based on the Mechanical (2011)

This paper reports on a new approach for the anal- ysis and design of vibration-to-electricity converters (vibration en- ergy harvesters (VEHs)) operating in the mode of strong electro- mechanical coupling. The underlying concept is that the mechan- ical impedance is defined for a nonlinear electromechanical trans- ducer on the basis of an equivalence between electrical and me- chanical systems. This paper demonstrates how the mechanical impedance of the transducer depends not only on the geometry and the nature of the electromechanical transducer itself but also on the topology and on the operation mode of the conditioning cir- cuit. The analysis is developed for resonant harvesters and is based on the first-harmonic method. It is applied to three electrostatic harvesters using an identical conditioning circuit but employing transducers with different geometries. For each of the three config- urations, the mechanical impedance of the transducer is calculated and then used to determine the optimal electrical operation mode of the conditioning circuit, allowing a desired amplitude of the mo- bile-mass vibration to be obtained. This paper highlights how the parameters of the conditioning circuit and of the transducer im- pact the transducer's mechanical impedance, directly affecting the impedance matching between the energy source (resonator) and the transducer. This technique permits the design of highly effi- cient VEHs whatever the means of transduction.
Biocatalytic approaches to a key building block for the anti-thrombotic agent ticagrelor (2016)

three complementary biocatalytic routes were examined for the synthesis of the cyclopropyl amine (1R,2S)-2, which is a key building block for the anti-thrombotic agent ticagrelor 1. By employing either a ketoreductase, amidase or lipase biocatalyst, the key building blocks for synthesis of the amine 2 were obtained in 99.9, 92.5 and 46.3 ee, respectively.
Enhanced Electromechanical Properties and Temperature Stability of Textured (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 ‐Based Piezoelectric Ceramics (2011)

In this work, we report the electromechanical properties of 〈00 l 〉 C ‐textured (K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.98 Li 0.02 NbO 3 (KNLN) and (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.85 Ta 0.15 )O 3 (KNNT) ceramics produced by templated grain growth. Both materials show high texture quality ( F 00l =98% and full‐width at half‐maximum [FWHM]=8.4° for KNLN, F 00l =99%, and FWHM=7.6° for KNNT) and enhanced piezoelectric response compared with randomly oriented ceramics. However, textured KNLN shows higher piezoelectric properties ( d 33 =192 pC/N, k p =0.63, k 31 =0.39, d 31 =−73 pC/N, d 33 * =208 pC/N) and higher phase transition temperatures ( T o − t =155°C, T c =439°C) than textured KNNT. The enhanced room‐temperature piezoelectric properties are associated with low‐strain hysteresis (4.0%), suggesting that 〈00 l 〉 C textured and poled orthorhombic KNLN may exhibit domain engineering character. The piezoelectric performance of textured KNLN with T o − t =155°C is high and stable over a wide temperature range (−60°–100°C), strongly favoring use of this material in device applications compared with the modified KNN‐based materials with a T o − t near room temperature.
Temporal and frontal lobe contributions to neural synchronization dysfunction and auditory attention in Fragile X Syndrome (2022)

ABSTRACT Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a trinucleotide repeat disorder and the most common hereditary form of intellectual disability. Patients with FXS are commonly impaired by sensory hypersensitivity. Compared to cognition, neural correlates of sensory responses can be studied more objectively and across species. Alterations in auditory processing in FXS measured by scalp electroencephalography (EEG) are well documented. However, the orientation of the auditory cortex in humans introduces significant confounding between temporal and frontal sources. Herein, we conducted EEG source analysis in 36 participants with FXS and 39 matched controls to localize known alterations to the auditory chirp stimulus. The key findings in participants with FXS include 1) distinct contributions of frontal and temporal sources to the onset and intrastimulus neural synchronization, 2) moderation of abnormal neural responses in females with FXS, 3) evidence of deep brain sources contributing to impairments in synchronization, and 4) presence of robust region-specific clinical correlations. The synchronous and asynchronous gamma activity (SA ratio) ratio may further represent a clinically relevant biomarker of the efficiency of auditory processing in FXS. Findings from this study have implications for back translation and relevance for signal-to-noise conceptual frameworks in understanding neural activity in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Adaptive Decontamination of the Training Set: A Unified Formulation for Discriminative Visual Tracking (2016)

Tracking-by-detection methods have demonstrated competitive performance in recent years. In these approaches, the tracking model heavily relies on the quality of the training set. Due to the limited amount of labeled training data, additional samples need to be extracted and labeled by the tracker itself. This often leads to the inclusion of corrupted training samples, due to occlusions, misalignments and other perturbations. Existing tracking-by-detection methods either ignore this problem, or employ a separate component for managing the training set. We propose a novel generic approach for alleviating the problem of corrupted training samples in tracking-by-detection frameworks. Our approach dynamically manages the training set by estimating the quality of the samples. Contrary to existing approaches, we propose a unified formulation by minimizing a single loss over both the target appearance model and the sample quality weights. The joint formulation enables corrupted samples to be down-weighted while increasing the impact of correct ones. Experiments are performed on three benchmarks: OTB-2015 with 100 videos, VOT-2015 with 60 videos, and Temple-Color with 128 videos. On the OTB-2015, our unified formulation significantly improves the baseline, with a gain of 3.8% in mean overlap precision. Finally, our method achieves state-of-the-art results on all three datasets. Code and supplementary material are available at http://www.cvl.isy.liu.se/research/objrec/visualtracking/decontrack/index.html .
Plant Pathology Specificity in Plant Diseases. Series A: Life Sciences Vol. 10 R. K. S. Wood A. Graniti (1978)

Plant Pathology Get access Specificity in Plant Diseases. Series A: Life Sciences Vol. 10 (NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series), edited by Wood R. K. S. Graniti A.. Plenum Press, New York, 1976, 354 p., illus., $35.00 (76-10644). George L. McNew George L. McNew Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc., Yonkers, NY 10701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1978, Page 48, https://doi.org/10.2307/1307488 Published: 01 January 1978
Do the basic crystal chemistry principles agree with a plethora of recent quantum chemistry data? (2018)

The main descriptors of chemical bonding such as bond order (BO) and electron density at the bond critical point, ρ<sub>c</sub>, are customarily used to understand the crystal and electronic structure of materials, as well as to predict their reactivity and stability. They can be obtained in the framework of crystal chemistry and quantum chemistry approaches, which are mostly applied as alternatives to each other. This paper verifies the convergence of the two approaches by analyzing a plethora of quantum chemistry data available in the literature. The exponential correlation between the electron descriptors [BO <i><sub>ij</sub></i> and ρ<sub>c(<i>ij</i>)</sub>] and the length of chemical bonds, <i>R<sub>ij</sub></i> , which is basic in crystal chemistry, was confirmed for 72 atom pairs, regardless of the nature of their interactions (ionic/covalent, metal-metal, <i>etc</i>.). The difference between the BO <i><sub>ij</sub></i> (<i>R<sub>ij</sub></i> ) correlations obtained in this work and those accepted in crystal chemistry for the same atomic pairs does not exceed the dispersion of quantum chemistry data, confirming the qualitative validity of the BO conservation principle. Various examples are presented to show that knowledge of the exponential parameters ensures a surprisingly simple determination of two basic electron descriptors in any complex compound with known interatomic distances. In particular, the BO analysis for 20 Re<sub>6</sub>-cluster complexes illustrates the BO conservation for systems with delocalized electrons. Despite the significant transfer of electron density from the Re-Re to the Re-ligand bonds, the total number of Re valence electrons used in bonding remains close to the formal value of seven electrons.
Components of brain activity - data analysis for fMRI (1999)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising method to determine noninvasively the spatial distribution of brain activity in a given situation, e.g. in response to a stimulus or during task solving. The fMRI signal is very small and often cannot be identified from the anatomical images. Thus data analysis methods are required to localize the activity. We discuss different data analysis methods, a simple correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), in the context of a motor task experiment with predefined stimulus time course. We show how it is possible to detect even weak activity without prior knowledge about the stimulus time course with PCA and ICA. The stimulus time course is extracted and major components of the signal, e.g. head movements are also identified.
Hyperspectral Compressive Sensing Using Manifold-Structured Sparsity Prior (2015)

To reconstruct hyperspectral image (HSI) accurately from a few noisy compressive measurements, we present a novel manifold-structured sparsity prior based hyperspectral compressive sensing (HCS) method in this study. A matrix based hierarchical prior is first proposed to represent the spectral structured sparsity and spatial unknown manifold structure of HSI simultaneously. Then, a latent variable Bayes model is introduced to learn the sparsity prior and estimate the noise jointly from measurements. The learned prior can fully represent the inherent 3D structure of HSI and regulate its shape based on the estimated noise level. Thus, with this learned prior, the proposed method improves the reconstruction accuracy significantly and shows strong robustness to unknown noise in HCS. Experiments on four real hyperspectral datasets show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods on the reconstruction accuracy of HSI.