gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of solar cells on RST-ribbons (2009)

When considering the cost of a photovoltaic module, still a large part consists of silicon wafer material. One solution is the usage of ribbon material, which provides moderate quality material at a low cost due to low kerf losses. Here we present the use of Ribbon on a Sacrificial Template (RST) wafers in a classic solar cell process. The quality of this material is determined by Quasi Steady State Photo Conductance (QSSPC) lifetime measurements indicating a minority carrier diffusion length up to 100¿m. The classic solar cell processing combining various metallization techniques like screenprinting and evaporation leads to energy conversion efficiencies up to 11.5% on 11.44cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> large ribbons. A big boost in efficiency is related to the use of plasma texturing, developed at IMEC, which proofs to be a good technique for texturing poly-crystalline material. The results presented in this paper show that RST material can become a cost competitive ribbon technology for solar cell applications.
TumbleScore: Run and Tumble Analysis for Low Frame-Rate Motility Videos (2017)

Scientists often exploit the motility of peritrichously flagellated bacteria for various applications. A common alteration is modifying the frequency of mid-movement changes in direction, known as tumbles. Such differences in bacterial swimming patterns can prove difficult to quantify, especially for those without access to high-speed optical equipment. Traditionally, scientists have resorted to less accurate techniques, such as soft agar plate assays, or have been forced to invest in costly equipment. Here, we present TumbleScore, software designed to track and quantify bacterial movies with slow, as well as fast, frame-rates. Developed and fully contained within MATLAB, TumbleScore processes motility videos and returns pertinent tumbling metrics, including: (<i>i</i>) linear speed, (<i>ii</i>) rotational speed, (<i>iii</i>) percentage of angle changes below a given threshold, and (<i>iv</i>) ratio of total path length to Euclidian distance, or arc-chord ratio (ACR). In addition, TumbleScore produces a "rose graph" visualization of bacterial paths. The software was validated using both fabricated and experimental motility videos.
Volume Holographic Optical Elements (2004)

Optical engineering continues to impact more and more modern devices for communication, color display, data storage, illumination, and remote sensing in the new millenium. The amalgamation of modern optics and associated microelectronic technologies has paved the road to greatly enhance new optoelectronic devices with practical applications. Modern optical technologies based on volume holography, both static and dynamic, have been developed over the past decade. Applications including high-density data storage, interconnections, spatial and temporal filters, beam shapers and combiners, gyros, and three-dimensional displays have been proposed and demonstrated. Simultaneously, more sensitive, efficient, and durable holographic materials have been developed. Novel optical elements based on volume holography perform unique functions, which have attracted much attention in modern science and engineering. Owing to the fast growth of the development of volume holographic optical elements, we dedicate this special section to expose researchers to the state of the art and to exchange ideas. There are fourteen papers published in this special section. The subjects of the published papers cover material investigation, theoretical development, novel concepts, and applications based on holographic schemes. The first two papers present various state-of-the-art volume holographic elements. The first paper by Sinha et al. presents an overview of novel imaging systems that incorporate a volume hologram as one of the optical elements. A threedimensional volume holographic imaging element is proposed and analyzed. The second paper by Escuti et al. presents holographic fabrication of photonic crystals by providing a unified framework of design principles for the creation of twoand three-dimensional optical lattices, with an emphasis on how all five two-dimensional and all fourteen three-dimensional Bravais lattices may be formed with three and four coherent laser beams, respec-
Elimination of human onchocerciasis: History of progress and current feasibility using ivermectin (Mectizan®) monotherapy (2010)

We review and analyze approaches over a 65 year period that have proven successful for onchocerciasis control in several different epidemiological settings. These include vector control with the goal of transmission interruption versus the use of mass drug administration using ivermectin (Mectizan(®)) monotherapy. Ivermectin has proven exceedingly effective because it is highly efficacious against Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae, the etiological agent of onchocercal skin and ocular disease and the infective stage for the vector. For these reasons, the drug was donated by the Merck Company for regional control programs in Africa and the Americas. Recurrent treatment with ivermectin at semi-annual intervals also impacts adult worms and result in loss of fecundity and increased mortality. Using a strategy of 6-monthly treatments with high coverage rates, the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas has interrupted transmission in seven of the thirteen foci in the Americas and is on track to eliminate onchocerciasis in the region by 2015. Treatments given annually or semi-annually for 15-17 years in three hyperendemic onchocerciasis foci in Mali and Senegal also have resulted in a few infections in the human population with transmission levels below thresholds postulated for elimination. Follow-up evaluations did not detect any recrudescence of infection or transmission, suggesting that onchocerciasis elimination could be feasible with Mectizan(®) treatment in some endemic foci in Africa.
TECHNIQUE FOR SEPARATION AND ESTIMATION OF ANDROSTERONE, AETIOCHOLANOLONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE BY USE OF THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (1966)

ABSTRACT A method is described for the quantitative estimation of urinary androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydro epi androsterone which employs enzymatic hydrolysis for glucuronide conjugates, solvolysis for sulphate esters, ascending thin-layer chromatography, elution and spectrophotometric quantitation of the eluted steroids as Zimmermann chromogens. The reliability of the method was established by recovery experiments and by duplicate assays. Its specificity was confirmed by u. v. and i. r. spectral analysis of the urinary components eluted from the thin-layer chromatograms and by gas-liquid chromatography of these components and their trimethyl-silyl derivatives. Since the method is relatively rapid and requires small samples of urine it has the advantage of being suitable for large-scale clinical determinations.
To determine the tolerability and efficacy of merino base layers in the treatment of mild, moderate or severe dermatitis in a garment occluded area in children, adolescents and young adults aged 6 to 25 years of age. v1 (2018)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease affecting both children and adults. The use of ‘atopic’ in dermatitis describes the scenario where the skin can be demonstrated to react readily to environmental irritants and allergens.A blinded, repeated measures, self-controlled experimental design study with Super Fine Merino Base Layer Garments (SMWBG) intervention worn in 29 Atopic Dermatitis AD patients between the ages of 6 to 25 years was conducted over a 15 week period. Results indicated improvement in AD symptoms and signs. This Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) approved study was conducted in Brisbane, Australia between July 2014 and October 2015. Our study aim was to look at the use of SMWBG as a sustainable adjunct treatment option for participants with AD. This study assessed the tolerability and potential therapeutic effect of SMWBG (garments worn directly against the skin) in children and young adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). We assessed the severity of AD looking at SCORAD1, EASI2, POEM3 and DSA4.
Designing antibodies against LRRK2-targeted tau epitopes (2018)

Phosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein tau is an important modulator of its normal physiological functioning; however, it may also contribute to tau mis-folding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases, which are collectively termed tauopathies. As such, the investigations of tau phosphorylation and kinases that modify tau are important in trying to elucidate tau function and the mechanisms involved in the development of tauopathies. We have recently demonstrated that the putative tau kinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is capable of phosphorylating tau at threonines 169 and 175 in vitro, and it has been previously shown that hyperphosphorylation at threonine 175 occurs in filamentous tau species from Alzheimer's brain tissue. These prior findings suggest that further studies of phosphorylation of tau at these epitopes may shed light on the pathogenesis of tauopathies. There is, however, a lack of tools available to analyze phosphorylation of tau at these sites. This study aimed to bridge that resource gap by generating monoclonal antibodies against tau phosphorylated at either threonine 169 or 175. While we did not succeed in generating a phospho-specific antibody, we did generate an antibody, MHT2, which is specific for human tau encompassing the threonine 169/175 epitope region. Immunostaining of transgenic rTg4510 mouse tissue as well as human tauopathy cases with MHT2 indicates that this antibody selectively detects cytoplasmic tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, and that it may have a further specificity pertaining to severity of disease progression, either because of phosphorylation or conformational bias.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Starburst Carbazoles Based on 9-Phenylcarbazole Core (2006)

New well-defined starburst carbazole derivatives, which contain N-phenylcarbazole as the central core joining 9-hexylcarbazole or 9-phenylcarbazole as arms, are presented. All these compounds were obtained via Suzuki cross-coupling in moderate yields. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and elementary analysis. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra showed that these compounds exhibited good blue fluorescence with the maximum wavelengths ranging from 410 nm to 430 nm.
Modelling the mechano-biological interface changes around transfemoral osseointegrated implants using physical models and detecting the changes with vibration analysis (2013)

This study investigated the ability of non-invasive vibration analysis to monitor the healing progression of implants in transfemoral amputees. This is an advancement of its application in monitoring dental implant stability. Studies of physical femur-implant models have used vibration to detect interface alterations that only represent gross changes at the interface in vivo. This study describes the development of a series of physical models which simulate incremental interface changes during the progression of osseointegration and the investigation of vibration analysis in detecting the changing conditions. Models were developed to simulate the mechanical characteristics of the femur-implant interface during discrete stages of osseointegration. Forced excitation was applied to the models while their response was measured and used to calculate the dynamic properties of resonant frequency and mode shape. These parameters were compared to ascertain if they uniquely represented each stage. The six resonant frequencies changed depending on the modelled stage of osseointegration. All modes detected fibrous tissue formation. The second bending mode was consistently more sensitive to interface changes than bone mass changes. The first mode shape was similar across all models. In contrast, the second and third mode shapes revealed differences between the stages. The first bending mode was not detectable when the model boundary condition stiffness was decreased. The results indicate that the higher resonant frequencies may be more useful than the first frequency in detecting osseointegration progression. The insensitivity of the second resonant frequency to bone mass changes has important clinical implications; it is essential that in vivo measurements can only be attributed to remodelling at the interface. The mode shapes can be used in conjunction with the resonant frequencies to help identify changes at the interface. The findings demonstrate the potential of vibration analysis for this application and the technique warrants further investigation.
The human cytomegalovirus UL97 protein is a protein kinase that autophosphorylates on serines and threonines (1997)

The product of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL97 gene, which controls ganciclovir phosphorylation in virus-infected cells, is homologous to known protein kinases but diverges from them at a number of positions that are functionally important. To investigate UL97, we raised an antibody against it and overexpressed it in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Recombinant baculovirus expressing full-length UL97 directed the phosphorylation of ganciclovir in insect cells, which was abolished by a four-codon deletion that confers ganciclovir resistance to CMV. When incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, full-length UL97 was phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation was severely impaired by a point mutation that alters lysine-355 in a motif that aligns with subdomain II of protein kinases. However, phosphorylation was impaired much less severely by the four-codon deletion. A UL97 fusion protein expressed from recombinant baculovirus was purified to near homogeneity. It too was phosphorylated upon incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP in vitro. This phosphorylation, which was abolished by the lysine 355 mutation, was optimal at high NaCl and high pH. The activity required either Mn2+ or Mg2+, with a preference for Mn2+, and utilized either ATP or GTP as a phosphate donor, with Kms of 2 and 4 microM, respectively. The phosphorylation rate was first order with protein concentration, consistent with autophosphorylation. These data strongly argue that UL97 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that autophosphorylates and suggest that the four-codon deletion affects its substrate specificity.
Binet’s Staging System and VH Genes Are Independent but Complementary Prognostic Indicators in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2003)

The significant survival differences observed between the VH mutational groups, among stage A and stage B and C patients, indicate that Binet's classification and VH genes are independent prognostic variables and are most likely complementary.
Thin-film transistors with sputtered CdSe as semiconductor (1989)

Thin-film transistors have been fabricated on a CdSe stoichiometric semiconductor film deposited by using RF magnetron sputtering from a CdSe target. The main features and the characteristic data of such transitions realized are presented. The threshold voltage V/sub t/=4 V, the field-effect mobility mu =45 cm/sup 2//V-s, and the switching current ratio I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/=5*10/sup 7/. These values are comparable to those obtained for similar devices fabricated on evaporated CdSe films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measurement of theB0→K2*(1430)0γandB+→K2*(1430)+γbranching fractions (2004)

We have investigated the exclusive, radiative $B$ meson decays to ${K}_{2}^{*}(1430)$ in $89\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ events with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring. We measure the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma})=(1.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma})=(1.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. In addition, we measure the $CP$-violating asymmetry ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}]=\ensuremath{-}0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$.
The HC calculus, quaternion derivatives and caylay-hamilton form of quaternion adaptive filters and learning systems (2014)

We introduce a novel and unifying framework for the calculation of gradients of both quaternion holomorphic functions and nonholomorphic real functions of quaternion variables. This is achieved by considering the isomorphism between the quaternion domain H and the bivariate complex domain C×C, and by exploiting complex calculus to simplify the quaternion gradient calculation. The validation of the proposed HC calculus is performed against the existing HR calculus, and its convenience is illustrated in the context of gradient-based quaternion optimisation as well as in adaptive learning systems. Quaternion adaptive filtering algorithms and a dynamical perceptron update are next derived based on the bivariate complex representation of quaternions and the HC calculus. Simulations on both synthetic and real-world multidimensional signals support the analysis.
Simulation of two-phase viscous oil flow (2015)

Multiphase flows of heavy oils and other fluids with high apparent viscosity is a particular industrial challenge. Main challenges here is that interfacial waves, atomization at the large scale gas–liquid interface as well as bubble entrainment and separation all are significantly modified by high fluid viscosity. In addition the viscous liquid may behave as laminar while gas and other low viscosity liquids show turbulent behaviour. Accordingly, correct modelling of the turbulence, including correct transitional behaviour between turbulent and laminar flow becomes of great importance. In this paper we have investigated two phase flows of gas at a rather high density and viscous oil. Experiments have been performed at the SINTEF Multiphase Flow Laboratory at Tiller, Trondheim. The experimental section was horizontal, with a pipe inner diameter of 69 mm. Pressure drop - and liquid hold-up time series, as well as video-documentation of the flow, were recorded. The experiments have been analysed and simulated by the Quasi-3D flow model which has been developed in the LedaFlow development project. The results show that flow regimes are well predicted, as well as liquid fractions (hold-up) and pressure drops. Furthermore, some cases have been identified where the Quasi-3D concept is challenged and where the full 3D effects need special attention and modelling. In the paper we describe the experiments in more details, discuss the general challenges on viscous flow modelling, present the special features of our Quasi-3D flow model and compare predictions to the experimental results. Finally we discuss the perspectives of multidimensional modelling as a virtual laboratory for multiphase pipe flows comprising viscous liquids.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Low-Dose Etoposide with Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Xenografts (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 62KB&lt;/p&gt;
A Cleaved Form of MAGE-A4 Binds to Miz-1 and Induces Apoptosis in Human Cells (2004)

Gankyrin, a recently discovered oncoprotein, is a promising target for drug therapy because it is overexpressed in most hepatocellular carcinomas. Since gankyrin interacts with MAGE-A4, we made several MAGE-A4 mutants and assessed their effects on cell growth. We found that the C-terminal 107 amino acids of MAGE-A4 (MAGE-A4DeltaN1) induced p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis. MAGE-A4DeltaN1 increased the p53 protein level, but decreased the p21(Cip1) transcript and protein levels. During apoptosis Bcl-xL was down-regulated and mitochondrial integrity was disrupted. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified Miz-1 as a MAGE-A4DeltaN1-binding protein. MAGE-A4DeltaN1 was recruited through association with Miz-1 to the p21(Cip1) promoter and down-regulated transcription of p21(Cip1). In 293T cells and U-2 OS cells, full-length MAGE-A4 was processed to generate a C-terminal fragment of 104 amino acids with activities similar to MAGE-A4DeltaN1. Processing was inhibited with a broad range caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, but not by site-directed mutagenesis of aspartic acids in MAGE-A4, suggesting an indirect involvement of caspase(s) in the processing. The amount of the processed form was increased by exposure of cells to adriamycin. Transduction with a HIV Tat-MAGE-A4DeltaN1 fusion protein suppressed anchorage-independent growth of gankyrin-overexpressing cells in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal fragment of MAGE-A4 induces apoptosis at least partly by binding to Miz-1, and that the fragment may be exploited as an anticancer agent. Furthermore, the finding that a C-terminal fragment with pro-apoptotic activity is generated from full-length MAGE-A4 after genotoxic stress in human cells suggests a novel function for MAGE-A4.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Lung Transplantation (2010)

Heart-lung transplantation (HLT) and lung transplantation (LT) remain important therapies for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), but recent advances in medical therapy can substantially delay or even obviate the need for transplantation, especially in certain PAH populations. By the early 1990s, the advent of epoprostenol, initially introduced as a bridge therapy to transplantation, in fact resulted in a survival advantage for IPAH. These benefits were comparable to those of HLT, and many patients who were thought to be destined for HLT were subsequently removed from active listing. Since 2005, however, the impact of the new lung allocation score (LAS) on IPAH has increased waiting list mortality. In the new millennium, the balance between the role of available medical therapies for PAH, the existing issues of the current LAS regarding the PAH patient, and the inherent morbidity associated with transplantation of PAH, will be critical to optimizing patient outcomes. The following discussion mainly focuses on adult IPAH, with some reference to congenital heart disease (CHD) and secondary PAH.
Cyanoside Chloride and Chromocarbe Diethylamine are More Effective than Vitamin C against Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress (2001)

Exercise generates free radicals only when it is exhaustive. Free radicals are involved in tissue damage caused by exercise. Antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C and E) and other antioxidants such as coenzyme Q, and N-acetyl cysteine prevent muscle damage and decrease muscle fatigue. The main aim of this paper was to test the possible protective effect of two new antioxidants, cyanoside chloride and chromocarbe diethylamine, on the oxidative stress generated by exhaustive exercise. The antioxidants were given to rats daily (50 mg/kg) in drinking water for 30 days. Blood oxidized glutathione/ reduced glutathione ratio, and plasma malondialdehyde levels were determined as indexes of oxidative stress. Plasma creatine kinase, alanine-aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were used as markers of muscle damage. Both cyanoside chloride and chromocarbe diethylamine were more effective than vitamin C in the prevention of glutathione oxidation in blood. Furthermore, cyanoside chloride and chromocarbe diethylamine partially prevented muscle damage. Chromocarbe diethylamine was the most effective compound in the prevention of exercise-induced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in plasma.