gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Strains of Borrelia Isolated from Ixodes Tick Vectors in Belarus (2012–2019) (2021)

<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato (s.l.) is the most common pathogen of medical significance transmitted by ticks of the family Ixodidae in Belarus. Human infection with <i>B. burgdorferi</i> causes Lyme borreliosis, most commonly referred to as Lyme disease. Currently, 20 species of Lyme disease-associated <i>Borrelia</i> and more than 20 relapsing fever-associated <i>Borrelia</i> species have been identified. These etiologic agents belong to the genus <i>Borrelia</i> in the family Spirochaetaceae. Genetically characterized isolates with specific sequences have proven that these pathogens are endemically transmitted in many European and Asian countries. In addition, joinpoint regression analysis is often applied to characterize infection trends over time and to identify the time point(s) at which the trend significantly changes. In this epidemiological investigation, joinpoint analysis was applied to investigate the temporal trend of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> s.l. infections in 4070 ticks collected between April and October 2012-2019. Detection of <i>Borrelia</i> species in ticks is an important tool to determine temporal and geographic distribution and abundance, and to predict the risk of Lyme disease to people in different regions. Our data provide a basis for further studies to determine the distribution and abundance of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> s.l. species in Belarus.
Three-dimensionally layered ceramic blocks. (2010)

With the aid of an innovatively structured ceramic block, it is possible to achieve results at a high esthetic level with relatively simple means. In the three-dimensionally structured Vitablocs RealLife, translucent enamel ceramic is arranged around a conically structured, opaque dentin core. The virtual restoration can be positioned freely in all three dimensions with the aid of the Cerec/inLab software. The restorations are milled fully anatomically and only minimally glazed or characterized with stains. Results that otherwise can be achieved only with much more complex layering processes are possible.
Azygos Arch Cannulation by Central Venous Catheters (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of radiographically evident central venous catheter misplacement in the azygos arch and to analyze whether the frequency of azygos arch cannulation is dependent on the anatomical site of catheter insertion. We reviewed 1,287 postprocedural examinations and 3,441 follow-up examinations. Catheters had been inserted through the left (6%) or right (15%) internal jugular veins and through the left (32%) or right (46%) subclavin veins. Radiographs were analyzed for possible catheter malposition in the azygos arch and for complications related to this malposition. Catheter malposition in the azygos arch was seen on 16/1,287 (1.2%) postprocedural radiographic examinations. Of the 16 malpositioned catheters, 11 (69%) had been inserted in the left subclavian vein, three (19%) in the left jugular vein, two (12%) in the right subclavian vein, and none (0%) in the right jugular vein. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of azygos arch cannulation between left- and right-sided catheters (p = 0.001). All complications consisted of venous perforations and were seen in three of 16 cases (19%). Azygos arch cannulation is a rare but hazardous central venous catheter malposition that occurs early after catheter insertion and carries a substantial risk for complication. The risk for azygos arch cannulation is substantially increased if catheters are inserted in left-sided veins. Because of the severity of subsequent complications, radiologists should be vigilant in the detection of this rare malposition.
Correction to Multivalence Charge Transfer in Doped and Codoped Photocatalytic TiO2 (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Multivalence Charge Transfer in Doped and Codoped Photocatalytic TiO2Hangjuan Ren*Hangjuan RenMore by Hangjuan Renhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-3219, Pramod KoshyPramod KoshyMore by Pramod Koshy, Fuyang CaoFuyang CaoMore by Fuyang Cao, and Charles Christopher SorrellCharles Christopher SorrellMore by Charles Christopher SorrellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 2020, 59, 1, 956Publication Date (Web):December 23, 2019Publication History Published online23 December 2019Published inissue 6 January 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03573https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03573correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1013 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Release of 14‐kDa group‐II phospholipase A2 from activated mast cells and its possible involvement in the regulation of the degranulation process (1992)

Group II phospholipase A2 was detected in appreciable amounts in rat peritoneal mast cells. The effect of several inhibitors specific to 14-kDa group-II phospholipase A2, including two proteinaceous inhibitors and a product of microorganisms with a low molecular mass, on mast-cell activation was examined. When rat peritoneal mast cells were sensitized with IgE and then challenged with antigen, the specific phospholipase-A2 inhibitors suppressed histamine release in a concentration-dependent manner. By contrast, these inhibitors showed no effect on prostaglandin generation under the same conditions. Histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells subjected to non-immunochemical stimuli, such as concanavalin A, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, compound 48/80 and substance P was also suppressed. When rat peritoneal mast cells were treated with 14-kDa-group-II-phospholipase-A2-specific inhibitors, washed and stimulated, histamine release was not affected appreciably. Similar suppressive effects of the inhibitors on histamine release were observed with mouse cultured bone-marrow-derived mast cells. When bone-marrow-derived mast cells were activated, they secreted both a soluble and an ecto-enzyme form of 14-kDa group-II phospholipase A2, although appearance of the enzyme associated with the external surface of cells was observed transiently. An appreciable amount of membrane phospholipids was degraded during activation of mast cells, which was decreased by treatment with 14-kDa-group-II-phospholipase-A2 inhibitor. These observations suggest that degranulation and eicosanoid generation in mast cells are regulated independently by discrete phospholipases A2 and that the 14-kDa group-II phospholipase A2 released from mast cells during activation may play an essential role in the progression of the degranulation process.
TRU waste processing comparison: slagging pyrolysis versus modified glassmaker (1980)

A task force was assembled to make a technical comparison of the expected performance of two processing systems potentially applicable for treating TRU waste at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. One system contained a slagging pyrolysis incinerator; the other a modified Penberthy Electromelt glassmaker. Although the glassmaker technology is essentially undeveloped, it was assumed that the glassmaker could eventually be modified to operate as a combined waste incinerator and melter; that is, to perform the same functions as a slagger. Using a decision analysis methodology to evaluate figures-of-merit, the task force found no significant difference in the performance of the two systems. Some areas for future R and D efforts are recommended for both types of incinerators.
Optical Studies of Soot‐Formation Processes in Premixed Flames (1980)

Abstract Soot formation in flat, premixed flames of ethylene, benzene, and pyridine with air is investigated using laser light scattering and fluorescence and extinction measurements. — In the earliest stages of the soot formation process in all of the flames examined, a fluorescent emission is excited by the laser (extending from 450 nm to beyond 700 nm when excited at 488 nm). In pyridine and ethylene flames their intensity increases downstream or remains constant. In benzene flames, it passes through a sharp maximum just as the first particles are detected by light scattering. Measurements of optical extinction by soot particles are complicated by broad‐spectrum gas‐phase absorption which may dominate the soot absorption early in the flame. This absorption is stronger at shorter wavelengths and appears to be related to the molecules responsible for the fluorescence observed in these flames. The continuum fluorescence is also responsible for the apparently high degree of depolarization of the elastically scattered light early in the flame. The actual depolarization of the light scattered from the soot particles is of the order of 1% for ethylene and pyridine, 0.2% for benzene flames. — Combination of the corrected particle extinction and scatter measurements yields values for the particle size and number density. Soot particles grow by surface growth which depends on the nature of the parent fuel, the mixture C/O ratio, and the temperature and by coagulation. The measured coagulation rated are largely independent of these parameters and in agreement with the rates predicted from kinetic theory.
Tetraethylphosphorodiamidate-Directed Metalation Group: Directed Ortho and Remote Metalation, Cross Coupling, and Remote Phospha Anionic Fries Rearrangement Reactions (2020)

The linked directed <i>ortho</i> and remote metalation (D<i>o</i>M and D<i>re</i>M) and cross-coupling reactions of aryl phosphorodiamidates (Ar-<i>O</i>P(O)(NEt<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) is reported. The <i>o</i>-iodo and <i>o</i>-boronato aryl tetraethylphosphorodiamidates <b>3</b>, prepared by D<i>o</i>M, undergo orthogonal Ni- and Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling to furnish biaryls <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> in good to excellent yields. Silicon group protection of biaryl <b>4</b> via D<i>o</i>M followed by previously unobserved D<i>re</i>M phospha anionic Fries rearrangement affords biaryls <b>11</b> which, under acidic conditions, furnish oxaphosphorine oxides <b>12</b>.
Highly lipophilic phorbol esters as inhibitors of specific [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding. (1985)

We examined the ability of a series of highly lipophilic phorbol esters to inhibit [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding to the cytosolic aporeceptor from mouse brain. If added in the usual fashion directly into the aqueous phase of the assay mixture, phorbol 12,13-distearate, phorbol 12,13-dioleate, and phorbol 12,13-dimyristate showed very weak inhibitory activities, with apparent inhibitor equilibrium dissociation constant values above 4 microM. In contrast, if incorporated directly into the liposomes used to reconstitute the aporeceptor, all three derivatives inhibited binding with high apparent affinities, 7.4 to 34 nM. The less lipophilic derivative phorbol 12,13-didecanoate showed a similar high affinity, 2.4 to 3.2 nM, by either route of addition. Consistent with the activity of the lipophilic derivatives being masked by an inability to transfer from the aqueous to the lipid phase, phorbol 12,13-distearate added to the aqueous phase inhibited efficiently (apparent inhibitor equilibrium dissociation constant, 14 nM) in the presence of 0.03% Triton X-100. The results suggest that the phorbol ester receptor recognizes phorbol esters which are inserted into the lipid bilayer. They indicate, moreover, that the apparent low activity of the more lipophilic phorbol esters is strongly influenced by factors other than equilibrium binding affinities.
Multimodal Metric Study for Human-Robot Collaboration (2008)

The aim of our research is to create a system whereby human members of a team can collaborate in a natural way with robots. In this paper we describe a Wizard of Oz (WOZ) study conducted to find the natural speech and gestures people would use when interacting with a mobile robot as a team member. Results of the study show that in the beginning participants used simple speech, but once the users learned that the system understood more complicated speech, they began to use more spatially descriptive language. User responses indicate that gestures aided in spatial communication. The input mode that combined the use of speech and gestures was found to be best. We first discuss previous work and detail how our study contributes to this body of knowledge. Then we describe the design of our WOZ study and discuss the results and issues encountered during the completion of the experiment.
The 41-kDa Protein of Human Herpesvirus 6 Specifically Binds to Viral DNA Polymerase and Greatly Increases DNA Synthesis (1998)

We previously isolated a 41-kDa early antigen of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), which exhibited nuclear localization and DNA-binding activity (Agulnick et al., 1993). In this study, we observed that a 110-kDa protein was coimmunoprecipitated with p41 from HHV-6-infected cells by an anti-p41 antibody. This 110-kDa protein was identified as the HHV-6 DNA polymerase (Pol-6) by an antibody raised against the N terminus of Pol-6. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses confirmed that p41 complexes with Pol-6 in HHV-6-infected cells. In addition, both p41 and Pol-6 were expressed in vitro and shown to form a specific complex. An in vitro DNA synthesis assay using primed M13 single-stranded DNA template demonstrated that p41 not only increased the DNA synthesis activity of Pol-6 but also allowed Pol-6 to synthesize DNA products corresponding to full-length M13 template (7249 nucleotides). By contrast, Pol-6 alone could only synthesize DNA of <100 nucleotides. The functional interaction between Pol-6 and p41 appears to be specific because they could not be physically or functionally substituted in vitro by their herpes simplex virus 1 homologues. Moreover, as revealed by mutational analysis, both the N and C termini of Pol-6 contribute to its binding to p41. In the case of p41, the N terminus is required for increasing DNA synthesis but not binding to Pol-6, whereas the C terminus is totally dispensable.
A mitochondrial switch promotes tumor metastasis (2015)

Cancers evolve a subpopulation of tumor cells that metabolically rely on glycolysis uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation irrespectively of oxygen availability (aerobic glycolysis). Given that most metastases are abnormally avid for glucose (which is the rationale for their clinical detection using FDG-PET) and because clinical data show a positive correlation between lactate production and tumor metastasis, we reasoned that cells performing aerobic glycolysis could constitute a population of metastatic progenitor cells that would remain glycolytic in the blood stream. We found a different metabolic phenotype, though. Indeed, using serial rounds of in vitro selection of highly invasive tumor cells (starting from wild-type SiHa human cervix adenocarcinoma cells) and in vivo selection of supermetastatic tumor cells (starting from B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells), we identified a mitochondrial switch corresponding to an overload of the TCA cycle with preserved mitochondrial functions (including ATP production) but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. The switch provided a metastatic advantage which was phenocopied by moderate OXPHOS inhibition associated with mild mitochondrial superoxide increase. Thus, two different events, OXPHOS overload or moderate OXPHOS inhibition, promote superoxide-dependent tumor cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and metastasis; demonstrating the central role of mitochondrial superoxide generation in the pathogenesis of metastasis. Consequently, we report that mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenging (using mitoTEMPO or mitoQ) inhibits metastatic dissemination from primary mouse and human tumors, which opens a new avenue for the therapeutic prevention of tumor metastasis. Study supported by ERC starting grant #243188-TUMETABO
Dietary Antioxidants for the Athlete (2006)

Physical exercise induces oxidative stress and tissue damage. Although a basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required to drive redox signaling and numerous physiologic processes, excess ROS during exercise may have adverse implications on health and performance. Antioxidant nutrients may be helpful in that regard. Caution should be exercised against excess antioxidant supplements, however. This article presents a digest for sports practitioners. The following three recommendations are made: 1) it is important to determine the individual antioxidant need of each athlete performing a specific sport; 2) multinutrient preparations, as opposed to megadoses of any single form of nutrient, seem to be a more prudent path to choose; and 3) for outcomes of antioxidant supplementation, performance should not be the only criteria. Overall well being of the athlete, faster recovery, and minimization of injury time could all be affected by antioxidant therapy.
Real-time vision, tracking and control (2002)

Provides a broad sketch of visual servoing, and the application of real-time vision, tracking and control for robot guidance. It outlines the basic theoretical approaches to the problem, describes a typical architecture, and discusses major milestones, applications and the significant vision sub-problems that must be solved.
Transcatheter Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Coagulation of Canine Ventricle Using a BalIoon-Tipped Cardioscope (1997)

The feasibility of transcatheter laser ablation of the canine left ventricle (LV) was tested using a newly developed cardioscope. In 17 anesthetized dogs, a combined laser-endoscope catheter, consisting of an endoscope encased in a 7-French flexible catheter with an inflatable and transparent balloon at the distal end, was introduced into the LV via the carotid artery. A 1064-nm neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was delivered by laser optic fiber, which was introduced through the transport channel and positioned inside the saline-filled balloon. In 16 of 17 dogs, the endocardial surface of the LV was clearly observed. Laser energy totaling 500-5,000 J was applied sequentially in 13 dogs and laser irradiation was completed in all but 2 of the dogs. The excised hearts revealed well-demarcated oval-shaped lesions 2.5-9.5 mm deep in 7 of 11 dogs. Histologic sections revealed coagulation necrosis surrounded by a rim of contraction band necrosis. Thus, transballoon laser photocoagulation of the beating LV is feasible. The newly combined laser-endoscope catheter, which is still in its preliminary stages and needs to be improved to increase the success rate of photocoagulation, appears to be a promising alternative modality for catheter ablative therapy for ventricular tachycardia.
Optimal perturbation for two-dimensional vortex systems: route to non-axisymmetric state (2018)

We investigate perturbations that maximize the gain of disturbance energy in a two-dimensional isolated vortex and a counter-rotating vortex pair. The optimization is carried out using the method of Lagrange multipliers. For low initial energy of the perturbation ( $E(0)$ ), the nonlinear optimal perturbation/gain is found to be the same as the linear optimal perturbation/gain. Beyond a certain threshold $E(0)$ , the optimal perturbation/gain obtained from linear and nonlinear computations are different. There exists a range of $E(0)$ for which the nonlinear optimal gain is higher than the linear optimal gain. For an isolated vortex, the higher value of nonlinear optimal gain is attributed to interaction among different azimuthal components, which is otherwise absent in a linearized system. Spiral dislocations are found in the nonlinear optimal perturbation at the radial location where the most dominant wavenumber changes. Long-time nonlinear evolution of linear and nonlinear optimal perturbations is studied. The evolution shows that, after the initial increment of perturbation energy, the vortex attains a quasi-steady state where the mean perturbation energy decreases on a slow time scale. The quasi-steady vortex state is non-axisymmetric and its shape depends on the initial perturbation. It is observed that the lifetime of a quasi-steady vortex state obtained using the nonlinear optimal perturbation is longer than that obtained using the linear optimal perturbation. For a counter-rotating vortex pair, the mechanism that maximizes the energy gain is found to be similar to that of the isolated vortex. Within the linear framework, the optimal perturbation for a vortex pair can be either symmetric or antisymmetric, whereas the structure of the nonlinear optimal perturbation, beyond the threshold $E(0)$ , is always asymmetric. No quasi-steady state for a counter-rotating vortex pair is observed.
Biochemical characterization of avirulent exoC mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1990)

The synthesis of periplasmic beta(1-2)glucan is required for crown gall tumor formation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and for effective nodulation of alfalfa by Rhizobium meliloti. The exoC (pscA) gene is required for this synthesis by both bacteria as well as for the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide and normal lipopolysaccharide. We tested the possibility that the pleiotropic ExoC phenotype is due to a defect in the synthesis of an intermediate common to several polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. Cytoplasmic extracts from wild-type A. tumefaciens and from exoC mutants of A. tumefaciens containing a cloned wild-type exoC gene synthesized in vitro UDP-glucose from glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, and glucose 6-phosphate. Extracts from exoC mutants synthesized UDP-glucose from glucose 1-phosphate but not from glucose or glucose 6-phosphate. Membranes from exoC mutant cells synthesized beta(1-2)glucan in vitro when exogenous UDP-glucose was added and contained the 235-kilodalton protein, which has been shown to carry out this synthesis in wild-type cells. We conclude that the inability of exoC mutants to synthesize beta(1-2)glucan is due to a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), which in wild-type bacteria converts glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate, an intermediate in the synthesis of UDP-glucose. This interpretation can account for all of the deficiencies in polysaccharide synthesis which have been observed in these mutants.
Role of LKB1-CRTC1 on Glycosylated COX-2 and Response to COX-2 Inhibition in Lung Cancer (2020)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) directs the synthesis of prostaglandins including PGE-2 linking inflammation with mitogenic signaling. COX-2 is also an anticancer target, however, treatment strategies have been limited by unreliable expression assays and by inconsistent tumor responses to COX-2 inhibition.