gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling Mechanical Properties of Cell‐Laden Hydrogels by Covalent Incorporation of Graphene Oxide (2013)

Graphene-based materials are useful reinforcing agents to modify the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Here, an approach is presented to covalently incorporate graphene oxide (GO) into hydrogels via radical copolymerization to enhance the dispersion and conjugation of GO sheets within the hydrogels. GO is chemically modified to present surface-grafted methacrylate groups (MeGO). In comparison to GO, higher concentrations of MeGO can be stably dispersed in a pre-gel solution containing methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) without aggregation or significant increase in viscosity. In addition, the resulting MeGO-GelMA hydrogels demonstrate a significant increase in fracture strength with increasing MeGO concentration. Interestingly, the rigidity of the hydrogels is not significantly affected by the covalently incorporated GO. Therefore, this approach can be used to enhance the structural integrity and resistance to fracture of the hydrogels without inadvertently affecting their rigidity, which is known to affect the behavior of encapsulated cells. The biocompatibility of MeGO-GelMA hydrogels is confirmed by measuring the viability and proliferation of the encapsulated fibroblasts. Overall, this study highlights the advantage of covalently incorporating GO into a hydrogel system, and improves the quality of cell-laden hydrogels.
Buffer and Bandwidth Allocation for Diffserv Classes (2000)

This paper proposes an optimal method for allocating buffer and bandwidth to different classes of a forwarding engine within a Differentiated Services domain in the Internet. The optimality criterion is based on the cost of the buffer and bandwidth. Based on this criterion, the best class that matches a certain traffic with a certain statistical characteristics and the maximum packet delay corresponding to this class is found. The results are general and can be applied to other networks such as ATM.
Myoferlin depletion elevates focal adhesion kinase and paxillin phosphorylation and enhances cell-matrix adhesion in breast cancer cells (2015)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of malignant death among women. A crucial feature of metastatic cancers is their propensity to lose adhesion to the underlying basement membrane as they transition to a motile phenotype and invade surrounding tissue. Attachment to the extracellular matrix is mediated by a complex of adhesion proteins, including integrins, signaling molecules, actin and actin-binding proteins, and scaffolding proteins. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is pivotal for the organization of focal contacts and maturation into focal adhesions, and disruption of this process is a hallmark of early cancer invasive potential. Our recent work has revealed that myoferlin (MYOF) mediates breast tumor cell motility and invasive phenotype. In this study we demonstrate that noninvasive breast cancer cell lines exhibit increased cell-substrate adhesion and that silencing of MYOF using RNAi in the highly invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 also enhances cell-substrate adhesion. In addition, we detected elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK (FAK(Y397)) and paxillin (PAX(Y118)), markers of focal adhesion protein activation. Morphometric analysis of PAX expression revealed that RNAi-mediated depletion of MYOF resulted in larger, more elongated focal adhesions, in contrast to cells transduced with a control virus (MDA-231(LVC) cells), which exhibited smaller focal contacts. Finally, MYOF silencing in MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a more elaborate ventral cytoskeletal structure near focal adhesions, typified by pronounced actin stress fibers. These data support the hypothesis that MYOF regulates cell adhesions and cell-substrate adhesion strength and may account for the high degree of motility in invasive breast cancer cells.
Guidelines for performing cavitation tests (1990)

For Francis turbines, outlet cavitation is a major critical phenomenon in determining the prototype setting level. To predict the full-scale cavitation characteristics, it is technically interesting to provide reliable model cavitation tests. This can be done by a similar cavitation development on the model and on the prototype. In this paper, previous results obtained during systematic cavitation tests using nuclei injection and counting techniques are recalled. An alternative procedure to nuclei injection is then investigated with a high gas content in the water. The unique feature of the IMHEF test facility to perform cavitation tests either with a closed loop (low dissolved air content) or with an open loop (high dissolved air content), whatever the nuclei content, means that the difference between the influences of the dissolved gas content and of the cavitation nuclei content can be studied, independently. Moreover, the determination of the water active nuclei content leads to predicting the cavitation inception, provided the pressure distribution in the runner can be estimated. Based on the results of all our investigations guidelines for performing cavitation tests on Francis model are suggested.
Efficiency of Noncoherent Photon Upconversion by Triplet–Triplet Annihilation: The C60 Plus Anthanthrene System and the Importance of Tuning the Triplet Energies (2013)

As part of a continuing effort to find noncoherent photon upconversion (NCPU) systems with improved energy conversion efficiencies, the photophysics of the blue emitter, anthanthrene (An), and the fullerene absorber-sensitizer, C60, have been examined by both steady-state and pulsed laser techniques. An is a promising candidate for NCPU by homomolecular triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) because its triplet state lies ∼800 cm(-1) below the triplet energy of the C60 donor (thereby improving efficiency by reducing back triplet energy transfer), and its fluorescent singlet state lies in near resonance with double its triplet energy (thus minimizing thermal energy losses in the annihilation process). In fluid solution, efficient triplet-triplet donor-acceptor energy transfer is observed, and rate constants for homomolecular TTA in the An acceptor are estimated to approach the diffusion limit. NCPU is also observed in An + C60 in poly(methylmethacrylate) thin films.
121 Functional Implications γδ T Cell Depletion in HIV Disease (2011)

Acute HIV infection is characterized by uncontrolled viremia and rapid depletion of CD4+ and CD4- cell subsets. Cell depletion is a cascade of direct virus cytopathicity, immune activation and FasL-dependent cell death that remodels the immune system and allows the establishment of persistent infection. Among the cell subsets that are impacted during acute infection are the γδ T and NK cells. These subsets have overlapping functions for secreting Type 1 cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ), direct cytolysis of infected cells and indirect cell killing through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Effector cells from both subsets are characterized by expression of CD56 and NKG2D. The acute loss of CD56+ γδ T and NK cells may be linked through cell regulatory networks controlled by costimulatory molecules including 4-1BB, and it is possible that a single event leads to changes in both lymphocyte populations. We also noted a strong correlation between HIV acquisition and high activity alleles of the FCGR3A genes (Fc receptor γIIIa), suggesting that natural antibody may have a role in signaling these innate immune cells and triggering the events of cell depletion. The loss of potent ADCC effector subsets during acute HIV disease, will prevent nascent, HIV-specific antibodies from attacking infected cells and slowing virus spread. Decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ, will lower the effectiveness of cellular immunity. The impact of HIV infection to debilitate innate immune responses and blunt the effectiveness of virus-specific acquired immunity, reveals a complex mechanism for immune evasion and the establishment of persistent infection. Persons with natural control of viremia do not have γδ T or NK cell defects and this difference accounts in part, for their ability to avoid progressing disease.
Position estimation in magnetic bearings using inductance measurements (1995)

A signal processing technique is presented by which the position of a rotor supported in magnetic bearings may be deduced from the bearing current waveform. The bearing currents are presumed to be developed with a bi-state switching amplifier which produces a substantial high frequency switching ripple. The amplitude of this ripple is a function of the power supply voltage, switching duty cycle, and bearing inductance. The inductance is predominantly a function of bearing air gap or, equivalently, rotor position while the duty cycle is primarily a function of developed bearing force. Ideally, the sensor signal processor should exactly extract the rotor position information while perfectly reflecting the bearing force information. When the bearing is a perfect inductor, these functional relationships are easily established and the gap dependence is monotonic. Since the voltage and duty cycle are both easily measured, the relationships can be inverted with a non-linear parameter estimator to extract the rotor position. One method of implementing this estimator is presented and its performance is evaluated by simulation. The method is demonstrated to produce a fairly wide bandwidth sensor with acceptably low feed-through of the bearing force.
The its Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA: A Valuable Source of Evidence on Angiosperm Phylogeny (1995)

Bruce G. Baldwin, Michael J. Sanderson, J. Mark Porter, Martin F. Wojciechowski, Christopher S. Campbell, Michael J. Donoghue, The its Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA: A Valuable Source of Evidence on Angiosperm Phylogeny, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 82, No. 2 (1995), pp. 247-277
Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) Multiple EUV Grating Spectrographs (MEGS): Radiometric Calibrations and Results (2010)

Abstract The NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), scheduled for launch in early 2010, incorporates a suite of instruments including the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE). EVE has multiple instruments including the Multiple Extreme ultraviolet Grating Spectrographs (MEGS) A, B, and P instruments, the Solar Aspect Monitor (SAM), and the Extreme ultraviolet SpectroPhotometer (ESP). The radiometric calibration of EVE, necessary to convert the instrument counts to physical units, was performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III) located in Gaithersburg, Maryland. This paper presents the results and derived accuracy of this radiometric calibration for the MEGS A, B, P, and SAM instruments, while the calibration of the ESP instrument is addressed by Didkovsky et al. ( Solar Phys. , 2010, doi: 10.1007/s11207-009-9485-8 ). In addition, solar measurements that were taken on 14 April 2008, during the NASA 36.240 sounding-rocket flight, are shown for the prototype EVE instruments.
Reconfigurable and simultaneous dual band Galileo/GPS front-end receiver in 0.13&#x03BC;m RFCMOS (2008)

A reconfigurable and simultaneous dual band Galileo/GPS front-end receiver has been realized on 0.13-mum RFCMOS technology. The front-end uses only one fixed frequency PLL and VCO on a superheterodyne architecture to down-convert two RF (radio frequency) signals into two IF (intermediate frequency) signals in the range of 50 MHz to 150 Mhz. L1 and E1 signals are directly converted on one channel with one mixing stage. L2, E6, E5, E5a, E5b signals are down-converted with a double stage (two mixers) conversion. The two IF down-converted channels are filtered and then undersampled by two on chip ADC (analog to digital converter). The satellite channels can be selected and reconfigured only by changing the ADC sampling frequency according to the frequency plan and the off chip RF/IF filters. No PLL and VCO reconfiguration is need.
High Sensitivity Fiber-optic Liquid Level Sensor Using Biconical Tapered Fibers (2018)

A liquid level sensor is presented using a biconical tapered standard single-mode fiber, being its main characteristic an outstanding sensitivity for a low cost transducer. Temperature compensation is enabled with the same interrogation equipment.
COMBINATION THERAPY THAT TARGETS SECONDARY PULMONARY CHANGES AFTER ABDOMINAL TRAUMA (2001)

After abdominal trauma, the lung is susceptible to secondary injury caused by acute neutrophil (PMN) sequestration and alveolar capillary membrane disruption. Adenosine is an endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolite that decreases PMN activation. AICAR ([5-amino-1-[beta-D-ribofuranosyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide]riboside) is the prototype of a novel class of anti-inflammatory drugs that increase endogenous adenosine. After trauma, AICAR administration has been shown to decrease secondary lung injury in models of hemorrhagic shock with delayed lipopolysaccharide challenge and pulmonary contusion. However, early suppression of PMN activation could worsen outcomes after penetrating abdominal trauma. We hypothesized that, after penetrating abdominal trauma, the ideal resuscitation strategy would involve early, short-lived suppression of PMN activation to minimize secondary lung injury, followed by later enhancement of PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis [using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)] to lessen late septic complications. G-CSF has not been shown to potentiate PMN mediated pulmonary reperfusion injury. Swine were subjected to cecal ligation/incision and hemorrhagic shock (trauma), followed by resuscitation with shed blood, crystalloid, and either G-CSF, a combination of G-CSF and AICAR, or 0.9% normal saline. At 72 h, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocyte counts and protein concentration were determined, and lung tissue analysed for myeloperoxidase (MPO, a measure of PMN infiltration) and microscopic pathology. Analysis of BALs revealed a significant increase protein concentrations and in white blood cell and PMN infiltration (P< 0.05) following trauma. These acute changes were not exacerbated by G-CSF, but were reversed by combined AICAR + G-CSF, which implicates a physiologic role for adenosine. This suggests that combination therapy may have beneficial effects on the lung after trauma.
Enzyme‐Responsive Controlled Release of Covalently Bound Prodrug from Functional Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres (2012)

I want to break free: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are functionalized with sulfasalazine (SZ; see scheme), a prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine, to generate enzyme-responsive nanocarriers. In the presence of the colon-specific enzyme azo-reductase (orange), 5-ASA and sulfapyridine are efficiently released.
Rb4Sn2Ag4(P2Se6)3:  First Example of a Quinary Selenophosphate and an Unusual Sn−Ag s2−d10 Interaction (1998)

The flux synthesis of the layered compound Rb4Sn2Ag4P6Se18 is reported. Multiply bonded [P2Se6]4- ligands hold together Sn2+ and Ag+ atoms, stabilizing a novel Sn−Ag s2−d10 bonding interaction at 2.866(2) Å.
Electron spin resonance detection of radicals RS, RO, and R1S–R2+in irradiated solids (1976)

The tensors describing the proton hyperfine couplings in thiodiglycolic acid cation were deduced from ENDOR measurements on single crystals X-irradiated at 4·2 K. The g tensors for R1–S–R2+, RS, and RO radicals are compared.
Attachment of Gold Nanoparticles to Glassy Carbon Electrodes via a Mercaptobenzene Film (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAttachment of Gold Nanoparticles to Glassy Carbon Electrodes via a Mercaptobenzene FilmJennifer A. Harnisch, Andrew D. Pris, and Marc D. PorterView Author Information Microanalytical Instrumentation Center Ames Laboratory-USDOE, and Department of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 24, 5829–5830Publication Date (Web):May 25, 2001Publication History Received2 March 2001Published online25 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010564ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010564irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1534Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Gold,Metal nanoparticles,Monolayers,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Critical Analysis of Machine Learning Based Approaches for Fraud Detection in Financial Transactions (2018)

Fraud has become a trillion-dollar industry today. Some finance companies have separate domain expert teams and data scientists who are working on identifying fraudulent activities. Data Scientists often use complex statistical models to identify frauds. However, there are many disadvantages to this approach. Fraud detection is not real-time and therefore, in many cases fraudulent activities are identified only after the actual fraud has happened. These methodologies are prone to human errors. In addition, it requires expensive, highly skilled domain expert teams and data scientists. Nevertheless, the accuracy of manual fraud detection methodologies are low and due to that, it is very difficult to handle large volumes of data. More often, it requires time-consuming investigations into the other transactions related to the fraudulent activity in order to identify fraudulent activity patterns. Finance companies are not getting adequate return of interest (ROI) despite the resources and money spent on these traditional methodologies. Most of the traditional fraud detection methodologies focused on discrete data points. (User accounts, IP addresses devices, etc...) However, these methodologies are no longer sufficient for today's needs. As fraudsters and hackers are using more advanced and cutting edge techniques to mask their fraudulent activities even from the sharpest eyes. These methodologies can only detect known types of attacks, therefore an analytical approach is required to address these drawbacks of the traditional methodologies.
Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of amorphous TbCo films prepared by two target magnetron Co-sputtering. (1986)

Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of amorphous TbCo films prepared by two target magnetron Co-sputtering have been investigated. Coercive force (Hc), perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Ku) and Kerr rotation angle (θk) have been measured as a function of sputtering parameters such as Ar gas pressure (PA), substrate bias voltage (VB), target input current (ITb, ICo) and rotation speed of substrate (Rs). Hc and Ku of amorphous TbCo films change considerably with increasing negative VB from 0 V to −660 V and PA from 2 mTorr to 20 mTorr. The VB dependence of Ku shows minimum (Ku<0) and maximum (Ku>0) values around the VB of −200 V and −400 V, respectively. TbCo films deposited at zero substrate bias voltage (VB=0V) and low Ar gas pressure (PA=2∼5 mTorr) show a positive perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 3∼4×106erg/cm3 in the range of 13-31 at. % Tb.
Structural features of self-action of laser radiation in the electromagnetic induced transparency mode (2007)

Structural features of the laser radiation self-focusing dynamics in the electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) band are studied for an atomic system with a Λ-type energy level diagram. Effective nonlinearity of an EIT medium is manifested primarily as nonlinear dispersion (dependence of the group velocity on the wave amplitude). Qualitative analysis of the dynamics of self-action of laser pulses, which is confirmed by numerical simulation, shows that nonlinear evolution of a 3D wave packet follows the scenario of self-focusing, which serves as the background on which the envelope profile turnover and the formation of a shock wave occur at an advanced rate.
Novel multiplex allele-specific PCR assays for the detection of resistance to second-line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2010)

Rapid genotypic assays designed to detect GyrA D94G and A90V mutations and rrs A1401G mutations could detect up to 90.0% of extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB in the Western Cape region. The use of these assays in the clinical setting would significantly reduce the time to diagnosis of XDR-TB, enabling the administration of appropriate treatment regimens at the outset of therapy.
Organocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic sp3 C–H Bonds of Ethers and Alkylarenes Promoted by a Recyclable TEMPO Catalyst (2015)

An entirely metal-free catalyst system consisting of an easily prepared recyclable new TEMPO derived sulfonic salt catalyst, and mineral acids (NaNO2 and HCl) has been developed for selective aerobic oxidation of structurally diverse benzylic sp(3) C-H bonds of ethers and alkylarenes. The mild reaction conditions allow for the generation of synthetically and biologically valued isochromanones and xanthones from readily accessible alkyl aromatic precursors in good yields.
A Glycolipid Adjuvant, 7DW8-5, Enhances the Protective Immune Response to the Current Split Influenza Vaccine in Mice (2019)

Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza disease. Adjuvants enhance the efficacy of vaccines, but few adjuvants are approved for human use, so novel, safe, and effective adjuvants are urgently needed. The glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 has shown adjuvanticity to malaria vaccine; however, its adjuvant effect for seasonal influenza vaccine remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of 7DW8-5 to a quadrivalent split influenza vaccine in a mouse model. 7DW8-5 significantly enhanced virus-specific antibody production when administrated with influenza vaccine compared with that of vaccine alone; 10 μg of 7DW8-5 induced similar antibody levels to those induced by alum. Mouse body weight loss was reduced and, notably, the survival rate was increased in the vaccine plus 7DW8-5 group compared with that in the vaccine plus alum group. Our results indicate that the glycolipid 7DW8-5 is a promising adjuvant for influenza vaccine.
Optimized interface conditions for domain decomposition methods in fluid dynamics (2002)

Abstract Interface conditions (IC) between subdomains have an important impact on the convergence rate of domain decomposition algorithms. We first recall the Schwarz method which is based on the use of Dirichlet conditions on the boundaries of the subdomains and overlapping subdomains. We explain how it is possible to replace them by more efficient ICs with normal and tangential derivatives so that overlapping is not necessary. It is possible to optimize the coefficients of the IC in order to achieve the best convergence rate. Results are given for the convection—diffusion equation. Then we consider the compressible Euler equations which form a system of equations. We present a new analysis of the use of interface conditions based on the flux splitting. We compute the convergence rate in the Fourier space. We find a dependence of their effectiveness on the Mach number M . For M =⅓, the convergence rate tends to zero as the wavenumber of the error goes to infinity. We stress the differences with the scalar equations. We present numerical results in agreement with the theoretical results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.