gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning (2015)

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been maintaining the behavior. There is close correspondence between fear and human anxiety, and therefore studies of extinction learning might provide insight into the biological nature of anxiety-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, and they might help to develop strategies to treat them. Preclinical research aims to aid extinction learning and to induce targeted plasticity in extinction circuits to consolidate the newly formed memory. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a powerful approach that provides tight temporal and circuit-specific release of neurotransmitters, resulting in modulation of neuronal networks engaged in an ongoing task. VNS enhances memory consolidation in both rats and humans, and pairing VNS with exposure to conditioned cues enhances the consolidation of extinction learning in rats. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the preparation of custom-made parts and the surgical procedures required for VNS in rats. Using this protocol we show how VNS can facilitate the extinction of conditioned fear responses in an auditory fear conditioning task. In addition, we provide evidence that VNS modulates synaptic plasticity in the pathway between the infralimbic (IL) medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), which is involved in the expression and modulation of extinction memory.
Preventing neutrophil from oxygen exposure allows their basal state maintenance (2020)

Abstract Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cells and are central players of the innate immune response. During their lifecycle, neutrophils mainly evolve under low oxygen conditions (0.1 - 4% O 2 ) to which they are well adapted. Neutrophils are atypical cells since they are mainly glycolytic, and highly susceptible to oxygen-exposure, which induces their activation and death, through mechanisms which remain currently elusive. Nevertheless, nearly all studies conducted on neutrophils are carried out under atmospheric oxygen (21%), corresponding to hyperoxic conditions. Here we investigated the impact of hyperoxia during neutrophil purification and culture on neutrophil viability, activation and cytosolic protein content. Neutrophil hyper-activation (CD62L shedding) is induced during culture under hyperoxic conditions (24h), compared to neutrophils cultured under anoxic conditions. In addition, we show that maintaining neutrophils in autologous plasma is the most suitable strategy to maintain their basal state. Our results show that manipulating neutrophils under hyperoxic conditions leads to the loss of ~100 cytosolic proteins during purification, while it does not lead to an immediate impact on neutrophils activation (CD11b high , CD54 high , CD62L low ) or viability (DAPI + ). We identified two clusters of proteins belonging to the cholesterol metabolism and to the complement and coagulation cascade pathways, which are highly susceptible to neutrophil oxygen-exposure during their purification. In conclusion, preserving neutrophil from oxygen-exposure during their manipulation – purification and culture- is recommended to avoid their experimental activation and for preserving a large set of cytosolic proteins from alteration.
Humble Self-Enhancement (2013)

Prior research has linked religiosity to certain forms of self-enhancement. We extend this literature by three studies linking religiosity to the well-established better-than-average effect (BAE). First, a reanalysis of self-judgments of desirable characteristics in 15 nations showed that the BAE was stronger in more religious countries, even taking into account gross domestic product, interdependence, and economic inequality. Second, in two online surveys totaling 1,000 Americans, the BAE was stronger among more religious individuals. Several observations indicated that this relation was due to individuals self-stereotyping with respect to their religious in-groups. In particular, the relation was restricted to characteristics on the warmth dimension, consistent with the religious stereotype, and the average religious in-group member tended to be judged even more favorably than self. The latter phenomenon, which we term humble self-enhancement, is consistent with other studies linking stronger religiosity to greater favoritism of the religious in-group and greater derogation of religious out-groups.
Frequency‐Resolved Admittance Measurements on InAlAs / InGaAs / InAlAs Single‐Quantum Wells to Determine the Conduction Band Offset and the Capture Coefficient (1993)

Frequency‐resolved admittance measurements have been used to determine the conduction band offset and the capture time constant of single‐quantum well (SQW) structures. A theoretical analysis of the SQW admittance taking into account nonparabolicity of the conduction band is reported. Analytical expressions for both capacitance and conductance as a function of both bias and frequency have been deduced and used to fit the experimental data. As a result the conduction band offset and the capture time constant have been obtained. Two different well compositions, lattice‐matched and strained, have been studied. In both cases the well width was 5 nm. The obtained conduction band offset at room temperature is for and for . The capture coefficient of the carriers in the first subband in the well is in the range for and in the range for .
Cryoablation: physical and molecular basis with putative immunological consequences (2019)

Cryoablation (CA) is unique as the <i>singular energy deprivation therapy</i> that impacts all cellular processes. CA is independent of cell cycle stage and degree of cellular stemness. Importantly, CA is typically applied as a non-repetitive (single session) treatment that does not support adaptative mutagenesis as do many repetitive therapies. CA is characterized by the launch of multiple forms of cell death including (a) ice-related physical damage, (b) initiation of cellular stress responses (kill switch activation) and launch of necrosis and apoptosis, (c) vascular stasis, and (d) likely activation of ablative immune responses. CA is not without limitation related to the thermal gradient formed between cryoprobe surface (∼-185°C) and the distal surface of the freeze zone (∼0°C) requiring freeze margin extension beyond the tumor boundary (up to ∼1 cm). This limitation is mitigated in part by commonly applied dual freeze thaw cycles and the use of freeze sensitizing adjuvants. This review will (1) identify the cascade of damaging effects of the freeze-thaw process, its physical and molecular-based relationships, (2) a likely immunological involvement (abscopic effect), and (3) explore the use of freeze-sensitizing adjuvants necessary to limit freezing beyond the tumor margin.
Achieving stability in remote holography using flexible multimode image bundles (1983)

Commercial flexible image bundles (boroscopes, endoscopes, etc.) are made up of tens of thousands of coherently arrayed multimode optical fibers whose modal propagation characteristics are unavoidably affected by bending losses. Consequently, light wave fronts transmitted through such bundles are subject to significant changes whenever the bundle is flexed anywhere along its length. For this reason images transmitted through such multimode image bundles cannot normally be used to generate holograms unless the bundle is rigidly fixed at every point. This requirement represents a substantial limitation on the use of fiber optics to generate and record holograms of remote subjects. However, this study demonstrates an original technique using ultralow frequency in situ holograms that can be transmitted through a multimode image bundle and recorded remotely even while the bundle is being moved.
Pelletized organo-mineral fertilizer product as a nitrogen source for potato production (2005)

Replacement of mineral fertilizer with organo-mineral fertilizer products made with animal manures is one strategy for reducing the environmental impact of agricultural production. This study evaluated a pelletized organo-mineral fertilizer product with a nutrient analysis of approximately 7-4-4 produced from composted solid poultry, solid dairy and liquid hog manure as a N source for processing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Atlantic Canada. The availability of N in the organo-mineral fertilizer product was estimated, and tuber yield, size distribution and quality parameters and soil NO 3 -N content at harvest were compared at similar application rates of N as mineral or organo-mineral fertilizer. Field trials were conducted in 2000 to 2002 to compare different rates of mineral (0–200 kg N ha -1 as NH 4 NO 3 ) or organo-mineral (0–3 t product ha -1 ) fertilizer band-applied at planting, followed by split applications of variable rates of mineral fertilizer. Apparent recovery of N from the mineral fertilizer, estimated as the slope of the regression of plant N accumulation against the rate of N applied and expressed as a percentage, was 65, 33 and 78% in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Apparent recovery of total N in the organo-mineral fertilizer was 6 0 , 26 and 57% in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Fertilizer N equivalency of the total N in the organo-mineral fertilizer, estimated as the apparent recovery of organo-mineral fertilizer N divided by apparent recovery of mineral fertilizer N and expressed as a percentage, was 92, 79 and 73% in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Application of equivalent rates of N as mineral or organo-mineral fertilizer at planting generally resulted in comparable values of tuber yield, size distribution and quality parameters and soil NO 3 -N content at tuber harvest. We recommend application of 1.5 t ha -1 of organo-mineral fertilizer at planting, with additional mineral fertilizer applied as a split application if warranted, as a suitable N source for processing potato production. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, yield, tuber size, tuber nitrate, tuber specific gravity, soil nitrate
Cross-lingual text alignment for fine-grained plagiarism detection (2018)

Fast and easy access to a wide range of documents in various languages, in conjunction with the wide availability of translation and editing tools, has led to the need to develop effective tools for detecting cross-lingual plagiarism. Given a suspicious document, cross-lingual plagiarism detection comprises two main subtasks: retrieving documents that are candidate sources for that document and analysing those candidates one by one to determine their similarity to the suspicious document. In this article, we examine the second subtask, also called the detailed analysis subtask, where the goal is to align plagiarised fragments from source and suspicious documents in different languages. Our proposed approach has two main steps: the first step tries to find candidate plagiarised fragments and focuses on high recall, followed by a more precise similarity analysis based on dynamic text alignment that will filter the results by finding alignments between the identified fragments. With these two steps, the proximity of the terms will be considered in different levels of granularity. In both steps, our approach uses a dictionary to obtain translations of individual terms instead of using a machine translation system to convert longer passages from one language to another. We used a weighting scheme to distinct multiple translations of the terms. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the methods used by the systems that achieved the best results in the PAN-2012 and PAN-2014 competitions.
Enhanced gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance in the era of ceftriaxone resistance: a real-time PCR assay for direct detection of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae H041 strain (2011)

The H041-PCR2 assay is suitable for direct detection of the N. gonorrhoeae H041 ceftriaxone-resistant strain in cultured and non-cultured samples.
Transcriptome Analysis in Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis) and RNA Interference in Insect Pests (2013)

Cotton plants are subjected to the attack of several insect pests. In Brazil, the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, is the most important cotton pest. The use of insecticidal proteins and gene silencing by interference RNA (RNAi) as techniques for insect control are promising strategies, which has been applied in the last few years. For this insect, there are not much available molecular information on databases. Using 454-pyrosequencing methodology, the transcriptome of all developmental stages of the insect pest, A. grandis, was analyzed. The A. grandis transcriptome analysis resulted in more than 500.000 reads and a data set of high quality 20,841 contigs. After sequence assembly and annotation, around 10,600 contigs had at least one BLAST hit against NCBI non-redundant protein database and 65.7% was similar to Tribolium castaneum sequences. A comparison of A. grandis, Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori protein families' data showed higher similarity to dipteran than to lepidopteran sequences. Several contigs of genes encoding proteins involved in RNAi mechanism were found. PAZ Domains sequences extracted from the transcriptome showed high similarity and conservation for the most important functional and structural motifs when compared to PAZ Domains from 5 species. Two SID-like contigs were phylogenetically analyzed and grouped with T. castaneum SID-like proteins. No RdRP gene was found. A contig matching chitin synthase 1 was mined from the transcriptome. dsRNA microinjection of a chitin synthase gene to A. grandis female adults resulted in normal oviposition of unviable eggs and malformed alive larvae that were unable to develop in artificial diet. This is the first study that characterizes the transcriptome of the coleopteran, A. grandis. A new and representative transcriptome database for this insect pest is now available. All data support the state of the art of RNAi mechanism in insects.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclo[5.5.0.02,8]dodecatetraene. (1986)

Abstract The synthesis of the title compound (VI) has been realized starting from the dibromide (Ib), which in turn is obtainable from dimethyl e‐truxillate (Ia).
Bile Acids and Steroids. XVI. Thiosteroisteroids. (5). Ring-opening Reaction of Steroidal 5α, 6α- and 5β, 6β-Epoxide by Thiocy anic Acid. (1960)

Ring-opening of steroidal 5β, 6β-epoxide by thiocyanic acid gave 5α-thiocyanato-6β-hydroxy compound, which was further converted to the 5α, 6α-episulfide via the 5α-thio-cyanato-6β-mesyloxy compound. Reduction of this episulfide with lithium aluminium hydride mainly gave cholesterol and a small amount of 5α-mercapto-3β-ol. Acetylation and saponification reaction of the latter proceeded in a different manner from those of 3β, 5α-diol. Treatment of the 5α, 6α-epoxide with thiocyanic acid or thiolacetic acid gave the 5α-hydroxy-6β-thiocyanato or 5α-hydroxy-6β-acetylthio compound, respectively.
MRTD modeling of nonlinear pulse propagation (2002)

The nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fiber filters is modeled by a multiresolution time domain (MRTD) scheme based on the expansion in scaling functions. As for the case of the linear modeling of microwave structures, the MRTD scheme exhibits advantages over Yee's FDTD scheme, since it allows one to reduce the mesh size by a factor of five per dimension. This is demonstrated by modeling the pulse compression with both MRTD and FDTD schemes.
Bone morphogenetic proteins for tendon injuries: an orthopedic primer. (2005)

Throughout the world, tendon injuries are a significant source of pain and disability. Most research on treating tendon injuries has been focused on developing new surgical techniques and perfecting existing ones. Recently, attention has turned to the biology of tendon healing as a means to improve the outcome of such injuries. If the biological milieu of the healing tendon can be altered to produce a stronger tendon, then clinical outcome can be improved. Use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is one proposed method for improving the biology of tendon healing. BMPs 12, 13, and 14 have each been shown to improve tendon healing in animal models. In this article, I review BMP history, current research and future directions, and potential application in treating tendon injuries.
Harmonic noise removal in united time-frequency domain via sparse promotion (2015)

Summary In slip-sweep acquisition, seismic records are usually interfered by severe harmonic noise, which reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of shot gathers greatly and easily leaks into the stacked data as well. a. Based on the different time-frequency distributions of useful signals and harmonic noise, this paper presents a novel method to separate harmonic noise from seismic records. Its basic concept is firstly to construct the redundant waveform dictionaries which can provide the sparse representation of the signal and harmonic noise using different dictionary components respectively. Then the signal and harmonic noise are separated by using the block coordinate relaxation algorithm (BCR). One of the main advantages is that the proposed method directly estimates harmonic noise from the current target shot gather, compared with the conventional prediction of harmonic noise from the following gather. Moreover, the Ground Force signal is unnecessary in our method and hence the acquisition cost can be reduced. The experimental result of a field data shows that our method can suppress harmonic noise effectively.
Unpowered Wireless Ultrasound Generation and Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring of Composites (2018)

Composite structures are strong and light weight, and have great potential in enhancing the structural strength of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). In this research, we present some preliminary results of structural health monitoring (SHM) for composite structures using an unpowered wireless ultrasound system. First, we have built a testbed, which consists of ultrasonic sensors, composite specimens, and data acquisition electronics. Second, we have performed extensive experiments to collect data. An 8-sensor array was used to detect and localize defects in composite plates. Third, we have implemented defect detection and localization algorithms. We have shown that, with an 8-sensor array, we can detect and localize small defects. Fourth, we have performed an experiment to demonstrate that wired and wireless data matched well both in time domain and in frequency domain.
A 17.5-fJ/bit Energy-Efficient Analog SRAM for Mixed-Signal Processing (2017)

An energy-efficient analog SRAM (A-SRAM) is proposed to eliminate redundant analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion in mixed-signal systems, such as neuromorphic chips and neural networks. D/A conversion is integrated into the SRAM readout by charge sharing of the proposed split bitline (BL). Also, A/D conversion is integrated into the SRAM write operation with the successive approximation method in the proposed input-output block. Also, a configurable SRAM bitcell array is proposed to allocate the converted digital data without unfilled bitcells. The multirow access decoder selects multiple bitcells in a single column and configures the bitcell array by controlling the BL switches to split BLs. The proposed A-SRAM is implemented using the 65-nm CMOS technology. It achieves 17.5-fJ/bit energy-efficiency and 21-Gbit/s throughput for the analog readout, which are 64% and 1.3 times better than those of the conventional SRAM followed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Also, the area is reduced by 91% compared with the conventional SRAM with analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and DAC.
Characterization of Shielding Efficiency for Power Electronics Frequency Domain (2012)

Today, new applications of power electronics systems appear in many domains like transport: more electric aircrafts or electric cars. In order to combine power and electronic systems in the same environment or to take into account norma- tive constraints in term of electromagnetic field exposure for humans, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) has to be integrated early in the design flow of the complete system (aircraft or car). The shielding is one of the most used solu- tions to avoid unwanted couplings between power systems and their environment. This paper presents a new experi- mental solution to determine the shielding efficiency of new material (composite material or association of different materials) in the frequency range of power electronic systems.
Conductive Polymers as Bioelectronic Materials (2013)

SUMMARY Fibroblast L929 and myoblast C2C12 cells of mouse connective tissue origin were sown on the surface of conductive polymer films [polypyrrole ( PPy ) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) ( PEDOT )] in a cell culture medium, and the proliferative process of these cells was observed. Without changing form, fibroblast L929 and myoblast C2C12 cells were observed to proliferate similarly to cells cultured in commercially available dishes and to maintain compatibility. It is inferred that the two conductive polymers used in this study, PPy and PEDOT films, maintain the secretion functions of cells cultured on their surfaces. Therefore, PPy ‐ and PEDOT ‐coated electrodes are possibly usable as nerve stimulation electrodes with biocompatibility, because they have been effective in cell culturing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(12): 24–31, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11557
Position-Based Multiple-Play Bandits with Thompson Sampling (2020)

Multiple-play bandits aim at displaying relevant items at relevant positions on a web page. We introduce a new bandit-based algorithm, PB-MHB, for online recommender systems which uses the Thompson sampling framework. This algorithm handles a display setting governed by the position-based model. Our sampling method does not require as input the probability of a user to look at a given position in the web page which is, in practice, very difficult to obtain. Experiments on simulated and real datasets show that our method, with fewer prior information, deliver better recommendations than state-of-the-art algorithms.
An implicit system for predicting interests (2004)

We demonstrate an adaptive search system that works proactively to help searchers find relevant information. The system observes searcher interaction, uses what it sees to model information needs and chooses additional query terms. The system watches for changes in the topic of the search and selects retrieval strategies that reflect the extent to which the topic is seen to change.