gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep and dreaming (1990)

With its increasing emphasis upon functional questions, sleep research has entered a new and exciting third phase. Since sleep had never been objectively studied in any detail prior to the beginning of its first phase in about 1950, it was to be expected that much of the early work in the field would be descriptive. (For reviews ofthe early work, see Jouvet, 1972; Moruzzi, 1972.) Sleep proved a more complex behavior than such distinguished physiologists as In the second phase of sleep research, beginning about 1960, specific mechanistic theories began to be enunciated and tested. New cellular and molecular research techniques produced a spate of findings that have gained conceptual and empirical coherence While incomplete, the mechanistic approach is still going strong, promising to inform-and be informed by-the third phase research on sleep function that has recently been initiated (see reviews, Hobson, 1988Hobson, , 1989)).
The Reactions of Unsaturated Ketones and Derivatives with Amino Compounds. Amino Ketones. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Unsaturated Ketones and Derivatives with Amino Compounds. Amino Ketones.Norman H. CromwellCite this: Chem. Rev. 1946, 38, 1, 83–137Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60119a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60119a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views936Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Active Trachoma Cases in the Solomon Islands Have Varied Polymicrobial Community Structures but Do Not Associate with Individual Non-Chlamydial Pathogens of the Eye (2018)

It is unlikely that the prevalent trachoma-like follicular conjunctivitis in this region of the Solomon Islands has a dominant bacterial etiology. Before implementing community-wide azithromycin distribution for trachoma, policy makers should consider that clinical signs of trachoma can be observed in the absence of any detectable azithromycin-susceptible organism.
Hydration-induced spin-glass state in a frustrated Na-Mn-O triangular lattice (2016)

Birnessite compounds are stable across a wide range of compositions that produces a remarkable diversity in their physical, electrochemical, and functional properties. These are hydrated analogs of the magnetically frustrated, mixed-valent manganese oxide structures, with general formula, $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. Here we demonstrate that the direct hydration of layered rock-salt type \ensuremath{\alpha}-$\mathrm{NaMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, with the geometrically frustrated triangular lattice topology, yields the birnessite type oxide, $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.36}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}0.2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, transforming its magnetic properties. This compound has a much-expanded interlayer spacing compared to its parent \ensuremath{\alpha}-$\mathrm{NaMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ compound. We show that while the parent \ensuremath{\alpha}-$\mathrm{NaMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ possesses a N\'eel temperature of 45 K as a result of broken symmetry in the $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}^{3+}$ sublattice, the hydrated derivative undergoes collective spin freezing at 29 K within the $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}^{3+}/\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}^{4+}$ sublattice. Scaling-law analysis of the frequency dispersion of the ac susceptibility, as well as the temperature-dependent, low-field dc magnetization confirm a cooperative spin-glass state of strongly interacting spins. This is supported by complementary spectroscopic analysis [high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy] as well as by a structural investigation (high-resolution TEM, x-ray, and neutron powder diffraction) that yield insights into the chemical and atomic structure modifications. We conclude that the spin-glass state in birnessite is driven by the spin frustration imposed by the underlying triangular lattice topology that is further enhanced by the in-plane bond-disorder generated by the mixed-valent character of manganese in the layers.
Modeling and removing spatially-varying optical blur (2011)

Photo deblurring has been a major research topic in the past few years. So far, existing methods have focused on removing the blur due to camera shake and object motion. In this paper, we show that the optical system of the camera also generates significant blur, even with professional lenses. We introduce a method to estimate the blur kernel densely over the image and across multiple aperture and zoom settings. Our measures show that the blur kernel can have a non-negligible spread, even with top-of-the-line equipment, and that it varies nontrivially over this domain. In particular, the spatial variations are not radially symmetric and not even left-right symmetric. We develop and compare two models of the optical blur, each of them having its own advantages. We show that our models predict accurate blur kernels that can be used to restore photos. We demonstrate that we can produce images that are more uniformly sharp unlike those produced with spatially-invariant deblurring techniques.
CvT-ASSD: Convolutional vision-Transformer Based Attentive Single Shot MultiBox Detector (2021)

Due to the success of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) in natural language process (NLP), the multi-head attention transformer has been more and more prevalent in computer-vision researches (CV). However, it still remains a challenge for researchers to put forward complex tasks such as vision detection and semantic segmentation. Although multiple Transformer-Based architectures like DETR and ViT-FRCNN have been proposed to complete object detection task, they inevitably decreases discrimination accuracy and brings down computational efficiency caused by the enormous learning parameters and heavy computational complexity incurred by the traditional self-attention operation. In order to alleviate these issues, we present a novel object detection architecture, named Convolutional vision Transformer-Based Attentive Single Shot MultiBox Detector (CvT-ASSD), that built on the top of Convolutional vision Transormer (CvT) with the efficient Attentive Single Shot MultiBox Detector (ASSD). We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that our model CvT-ASSD can leads to good system efficiency and performance while being pretrained on large-scale detection datasets such as PASCAL VOC and MS COCO. Code has been released on public github repository at https://github.com/albert-jin/CvT-ASSD.
A long journey to effective obesity treatments: is there light at the end of the tunnel? (2013)

As the obesity epidemic continues, more Americans are getting fatter, having more weight-related problems such as cardiovascular disease, and are experiencing new metabolic dysfunctions. For over 50 years, the adipose tissue (AT), commonly referred to as fat, has been of interest to academic and clinical scientists, public health officials and individuals interested in body composition and image including much of the average public, athletes, parents, etc. On one hand, efforts to alter body shape, weight and body fat percentage still include bizarre and scientifically unfounded methods. On the other hand, significant new scientific strides have been made in understanding the growth, function and regulation of anatomical and systemic AT. Markers of transition/conversion of precursor cells that mature to form lipid assimilating adipocytes have been identified. Molecular 'master' regulators such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins were uncovered and regulatory mechanisms behind variables of adiposity defined and refined. Interventions including pharmaceutical compounds, surgical, psychosocial interventions have also been tested. Has all of the preceding research helped alleviate the adverse physiologies of overweight and/or obese people? Does research to date point to new modalities that should be the focus of efforts to rid the world of obesity-related problems in the 21st century? This review provides a general overview of scientific efforts to date and a provocative view of the future for adiposity.
"To exist is to survive unfair choices": "Tribal Ontology" in the Netflix Originals Series The OA (2020)

In 2017, Vox journalist David Robert used the term 'tribal epistemology' – borrowed from anthropology – to describe a tendency for certain groups, in our current 'post-truth' environment, to trust information which is 'evaluated based not on conformity to common standards of evidence or correspondence to a common understanding of the world, but on whether it supports the tribe’s values and goals and is vouchsafed by tribal leaders'. In the Netflix Original series The OA (2016 -), Prairie Johnson – played by series co-creator and writer Brit Marling - is such a leader, however the knowledge she gives her tribe, that the universe is in fact a multiverse and that inter-dimensional travel is possible, emancipates them, even from her own leadership. Convinced of Prairie's claims, the tribe becomes focused on what Brian McHale calls 'problems of modes of being' (10) as does the series: Prairie may be an unreliable narrator. McHale identifies this preoccupation as a characteristic of postmodernist fiction which is distinguished from its modernist predecessor by a shift from 'an epistemological dominant to an ontological one' (10). Where tribal epistemology of the type Roberts identifies resolves problems of being and knowing by uniting them in a subjectivity guaranteed by what Max Weber termed 'charismatic authority', Prairie's tribe, each of whom has been disenfranchised from normative society, are given agency by the knowledge they acquire which empowers them to become more than mere followers, particularly when they start to doubt her. In Nietzsche's terms, they become who they are; as the series is set in a multiverse, this becoming involves engaging with multiple modes of being: a tribal ontology rather than epistemology.&#13;\nIn this paper, drawing on the aforementioned sources, as well as the work of theorists including Deleuze and Guattari, Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Jodi Dean and Shoshanna Zuboff, I will discuss the 'tribal ontology' of The OA in the context of current debates pertaining to the social construction of both knowledge and identity. Significantly, a member of Prairie's tribe, Buck, is transgender as is the actor who plays him, Ian Alexander, who also plays himself in the second season finale where the previous events of both seasons are implied to have all been a 'series within a series'. I argue that this episode's deployment of metafictional techniques and the series' use of the trope of the multiverse are ultimately utopian in motivation, calling for a corresponding social multiplicity in the actual world which overflows 'tribal' boundaries and removes the need for an epistemology guaranteed by charismatic authority.&#13;\nWorks Cited&#13;\n&#13;\nMcHale, Brian, Postmodernist Fiction. London: Methuen, 1987.&#13;\n&#13;\nRoberts, David, 'Donald Trump and the rise of Tribal Epistemology', Vox [online], May 19th, 2017. &#13;\nAvailable at: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/3/22/14762030/donald-trump-tribal-epistemology &#13;\nLast accessed: March 29th, 2019.
Imported Lassa fever: a report of 2 cases in Ghana (2015)

Healthcare providers at all levels of care should thus have a high index of suspicion for these infectious diseases and adopt standard infection control measures when treating patients in endemic regions or returning travelers from an endemic region with a febrile illness even of a known etiology.
Reducing dynamic power consumption in next generation DS-CDMA mobile communication receivers (2008)

Reduction of the power consumption in portable wireless receivers is important for cellular systems, including UMTS and IMT2000. This paper explores the architectural design-space and methodologies for reducing the dynamic power dissipation in the Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) downlink RAKE receiver. At the algorithm level, we investigate the tradeoffs of reduced precision and arithmetic complexity on the receiver performance. We then present and analyse two architectures for implementing the reference and reduced complexity receivers, with respect to dynamic power dissipation. The combined effect of reduced precision and complexity reduction leads to a 37.44% power savings.
Glomerular Filtration Response to Acute Ureteral Obstruction in the Dog (1985)

In order to assess the glomerular filtration responses to acute ureteral obstruction in the dog we employed an established method that does not require timed urine collections. Our results show a 57 per cent increase in renal blood flow (baseline: 203.8 +/- 50.9 vs. 319 +/- 69.4 ml./min. at 105 minutes; no. = 7) that was associated with a monophasic decrease in filtration fraction to -70 per cent at 120 minutes (0.26 +/- 0.025 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.007) and an increase in ureteral pressure to 63.1 +/- 6.1 mm. Hg at 120 minutes. A biphasic GFR response was noted with an initial small increase (baseline: 32.5 +/- 7.5 vs. 36.3 +/- 11.0 ml./min. at 2 minutes) followed by a continual decline to -55 per cent at 120 minutes (to 14.5 +/- 2.6 ml./min.). This investigation has confirmed the results of micropuncture studies showing maintenance of GFR early after complete ureteral ligation.
Interior tomography: theory, algorithms and applications (2008)

The conventional wisdom states that the interior problem (reconstruction of an interior region from projection data along lines only through that region) is NOT uniquely solvable. While it remains correct, our recent theoretical and numerical results demonstrated that this interior problem CAN be solved in a theoretically exact and numerically stable fashion if a sub-region within the interior region is known. In contrast to the well-established lambda tomography, the studies on this type of exact interior reconstruction are referred to as "interior tomography". In this paper, we will overview the development of interior tomography, involving theory, algorithms and applications. The essence of interior tomography is to find the unique solution from highly truncated projection data via analytic continuation. Such an extension can be done either in the filtered backprojection or backprojection filtration formats. The key issue for the exact interior reconstruction is how to invert the truncated Hilbert transform. We have developed a projection onto convex set (POCS) algorithm and a singular value decomposition (SVD) method and produced excellent results in numerical simulations and practical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylated 2,6‐Bis(dicyanomethylene)‐2,6‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophenes: New Soluble n‐Channel Organic Semiconductors for Air‐Stable OFETs. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
E1A06: A phase III trial comparing melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide (MPT) versus melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide (MPR) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). (2014)

8511 Background: Melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) is an accepted regimen in newly diagnosed MM. Early studies suggested that lenalidomide (R) might be substituted for thalidomide (T) with equal efficacy and less toxicity. We present E1A06, a randomized, multicenter phase 3 trial comparing MPT vs. MPR in pts with untreated, symptomatic, transplant ineligible MM. Methods: The primary objective was PFS differences between pts receiving MPT: M 9 mg/m2 and P 100 mg p.o. each on days 1-4 with T 100 mg daily vs. MPR: M 5 mg/m2and P 100 mg p.o. each on days 1-4 with R 10 mg p.o. on days 1-21. MPT or MPR therapy was continued for twelve 28 day cycles followed by T 100mg or R 10mg daily until relapse. Aspirin prophylaxis was required. Pts were stratified by ISS stage (I-II vs. III) and age (<65 vs. ≥65). Inferiority of MPR was defined as a PFS treatment hazard ratio (HR) of MPT/MPR ≤ 0.82. Secondary objectives included OS between the arms, toxicities, response rates, depth of response and quality of life (QoL) change. Results: 306 pts were enrolled. Treatment arms were balanced for age, ISS stage and other major prognostic factors. Median age was 75.7y. The median follow-up was 40.7 months (m). Median time on therapy was 12m, and 23m for the 46% of pts on maintenance therapy, with no differences by arm. Per protocol partial response rate was 62% (MPT) vs. 61% (MPR) with no difference in VGPR/CR rates (18.8% vs. 23%). Grade ≥3 toxicity was 71.6% (MPT) vs. 56.7% (MPR); p=0.008. By ITT, the median PFS was 21m on MPT and 18.7m on MPR; HR 0.84 [95%CI: 0.64, 1.09]. The null hypothesis of inferiority of MPR was not rejected. Three year OS was identical by arm at 63% and median OS was not significantly different; p=0.476. Second primary malignancies were observed in 17 (MPT) vs. 14 (MPR) pts with incidence rates of 3.47 and 2.01 (/100 person years). DVT/PE occurred in 8.8% vs. 6.7% of pts. QoL analysis favored MPR by induction end; p=0.007. Conclusions: This phase III trial compares the efficacy of MPT and MPR in elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM. Response rates, PFS and OS were similar between the two arms; however, there was significantly better QOL at 12m and lower toxicity with MPR. Clinical trial information: NCT00602641.
Cardiovascular Tests: Use & Limits of Biochemical Markers - Therapeutic Measurements of ADMA Involved in Cardiovascular Disorders (2005)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenously occurring methylarginine that inhibits nitric oxide synthesis. Plasma levels of methylarginines increase in renal failure and certain cardiovascular pathologies, and in patients with end stage renal failure the level of ADMA predicts the risk of cardiovascular events and overall mortality. The object of this review is to describe the mechanisms of ADMA synthesis, metabolism and uptake and to outline techniques for measuring ADMA and the pathological states in which ADMA levels are altered.
Acoustic Stapedius Reflex Function in Man Revisited (2013)

The stapedius reflex appears to offer some protection from the upward spread of masking of speech by background low-frequency noise at moderate levels, but not at high levels.
Immunostimulatory virotherapy using recombinant Sendai virus as a new cancer therapeutic regimen (2007)

The utility of recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) has been considerably examined over the last decade as a potent gene transfer candidate in a cytoplasmic gene expression system. Such risks as excessive immune responses associated with this virus administration in vivo however have limited its applicability in clinical settings as is the case with other viral vectors including adenoviruses. In consequence of extensive assessment on the mechanisms of immune responses against SeV, we found that ex vivo infection of immature dendritic cells (DCs) with SeV demonstrates their spontaneous maturation and activation. We applied this result to create a unique, representative, and powerful agent to activate DCs, namely rSeV-modified DCs (rSeV/DCs), for use in cancer immunotherapy. Use of this system in vivo resulted in the induction of efficient antitumor immunity against vascularized rodent tumors, including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and prostatic cancer, and it even frequently associated with elimination of those tumors. These results indicate that rSeV could be a powerful immune booster for DC-based cancer immunotherapy that is worth investigating further. We propose a conceptual term "immunostimulatory virotherapy" to describe this new method of cancer therapy using the rSeV/DCs system.
Turbocharging Ford's 2.3 Liter Spark Ignition Engine (1979)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Ford's new 2.3 Litre I-4 Turbocharged Engine and Powertrain was specifically developed to match the new 1979 Mustang/ Capri. This engine/vehicle combination was developed to provide the customer excellent vehicle performance, good fuel economy and driveability.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Extensive vehicle and dynamometer work was done to match the turbocharger to the engine and optimize in-vehicle mid-range to high end performance. The relatively high compression ratio (9.0:1) was retained from the naturally aspirated engine to preserve low end manual transmission vehicle performance before turbocharger boost. Revisions to basic engine components and structures to insure durability will be discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
An Extremely Stable Interprotein Tetrahedral Hg(Cys)4 Core Forms in the Zinc Hook Domain of Rad50 Protein at Physiological pH (2022)

In nature, thiolate-based systems are the primary targets of divalent mercury (Hg<sup>II</sup> ) toxicity. The formation of Hg(Cys)<sub>x</sub> cores in catalytic and structural protein centers mediates mercury's toxic effects and ultimately leads to cellular damage. Multiple studies have revealed distinct Hg<sup>II</sup> -thiolate coordination preferences, among which linear Hg<sup>II</sup> complexes are the most commonly observed in solution at physiological pH. Trigonal or tetrahedral geometries are formed at basic pH or in tight intraprotein Cys-rich metal sites. So far, no interprotein tetrahedral Hg<sup>II</sup> complex formed at neutral pH has been reported. Rad50 protein is a part of the multiprotein MRN complex, a major player in DNA damage-repair processes. Its central region consists of a conserved CXXC motif that enables dimerization of two Rad50 molecules by coordinating Zn<sup>II</sup> . Dimerized motifs form a unique interprotein zinc hook domain (Hk) that is critical for the biological activity of the MRN. Using a series of length-differentiated peptide models of the Pyrococcus furiosus zinc hook domain, we investigated its interaction with Hg<sup>II</sup> . Using UV-Vis, CD, PAC, and <sup>199</sup> Hg NMR spectroscopies as well as anisotropy decay, we discovered that all Rad50 fragments preferentially form homodimeric Hg(Hk)<sub>2</sub> species with a distorted tetrahedral HgS<sub>4</sub> coordination environment at physiological pH; this is the first example of an interprotein mercury site displaying tetrahedral geometry in solution. At higher Hg<sup>II</sup> content, monomeric HgHk complexes with linear geometry are formed. The Hg(Cys)<sub>4</sub> core of Rad50 is extremely stable and does not compete with cyanides, NAC, or DTT. Applying ITC, we found that the stability constant of the Rad50 Hg(Hk)<sub>2</sub> complex is approximately three orders of magnitude higher than those of the strongest Hg<sup>II</sup> complexes known to date.