gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Order-Disorder Transformation and Sintering Behavior of Water-Atomized Fe-Si Alloy Powders (1976)

Fe-Si alloy powders containing 3∼13 wt% T.Si (total silicon) were prepared by water atomization. These powders as water-quenched were annealed at 900°C for 3 hr in H2 gas. Their phase transformation and sintering behavior were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and dilatometric measurement.The results are summarized as follows;(1) The oxygen content of the powders decreases with increasing Si content. When T.Si content is less than 5 wt%, the oxidized surface layer of the powders is abundant with Fe2SiO4.(2) When alloyed Si content is less than 5 wt%, the structure of both quenched and annealed powders is exclusively a disordered α-phase. When alloyed Si content exceeds 5 wt%, the ordered α1-phase begins to appear. The average degree of order of the quenched powders with 5∼7 wt% alloying Si is lower than that of the annealed ones. When alloyed Si content is more than 7 wt%, only α1-phase can be recognized.(3) The lattice constant of the quenched powders with less than 5 wt% alloyed Si is smaller than that of the annealed powders. When alloyed Si content is more than 7 wt%, almost the same lattice constants of the quenched and annealed powders are obtained.(4) The order-disorder transformation temperature obtained by the measurement of lattice constant corresponds to that of the phase transitions of α1↔α+α1 or α1↔α2. In this experiment, however, the ordered α2-phase (B2 type) cannot be observed.(5) The compacts from powders with a rich α1-phase present a liquid phase during the sintering process at a comparatively low temperature below 1200°C. When alloyed Si content is above 4.5 wt%, abnormal behavior of dilatation is observed at a temperature corresponding to the order-disorder transformation of α1→α+α1 or α1→α2.
Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic. Subacute toxicity study in rats. (1986)

(2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin X HCl (THP), a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally for 13 weeks. In rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg/day, piloerection, emaciation, loose feces and thickening of the injection site were evident, and 7 males and 2 females died after week 12. Inferior body weight gain was observed in both sexes starting week 4 approximately 6. The food consumption also decreased. Hematological examination revealed lower counts of total leucocyte and lymphocyte. At termination there were lower spleen, thymus and testes weights, thickening of the walls of the intestine and stomach, gastric ulceration, presence of ascitic fluid, and congestion and thickening at the injection site. Decreases in the lymphocyte populations of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were observed microscopically. A decrease in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and a degeneration of the germinal epithelium in the testes were also seen, as were gastrointestinal disturbances. These treatment-related effects were mainly confined to rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg/day and to a lesser extent, to rats receiving 0.1 mg/kg/day. The effects on rats receiving 0.025 mg/kg/day were only at the microscopic level. No rats receiving 0.006 mg/kg/day were toxicologically affected.
Mitigation of radar range ambiguities via waveform diversity (2009)

The USAF is considering a number of radar systems as a method to achieve persistent intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) over the Earth's surface. A comprehensive approach must be taken that identifies feasible radar system parameters, geometry, area coverage and processing approaches that will provide needed moving target indication MTI (both ground and air) performance. From the signal processing perspective, there are a number of unique technical challenges facing this concept. Issues which will need to be addressed include the restriction of antenna aperture and the need to locate and detect targets at shallow grazing angles These and other phenomenology will impact the ability of algorithms implemented by the system to perform image formation, target detection and parameter estimation. This paper presents a new approach to the problem of radar range ambiguities in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and surface moving target indication (SMTI). By using a combination a priori knowledge of the collection geometry, orthogonal waveforms and an alternative approach to traditional matched filter processing, it can be shown that the effects of the ambiguities can be mitigated and provide image quality and SMTI performance with little degradation as compared to the non-ambiguous case.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Properties and Structures of Binary and Ternary Se‐N and Te‐N Species: Application of X‐Ray and ab initio Methods (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Light Point Defects on Hydrogen Annealed Silicon Wafer (1997)

In observing 0.1 µ m in size light point defects (LPDs) in Czochralski-grown silicon wafers in hydrogen annealing by scatterometer (Surfscan \circR SP1 and Surfscan 6200 from Tencor Instrument), we have found that the hydrogen annealed wafer has fewer defects on the surface, compared with a polished wafer. Assuming that LPDs are equal to Crystal Originated Particles (COPs) which are oxygen precipitates and/or vacancy-type defects, LPDs can therefore be reduced by evaporating oxygen from the surface, and migrating silicon-atoms onto the surface during hydrogen annealing at 1200° C for 1 h.
Abstract 48: Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in Regression of Diabetic Atherosclerosis (2017)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Both progression and regression of atherosclerosis are adversely affected by diabetes. A key player in these processes is Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE). RAGE is a multiligand cell surface macromolecule, which binds ligands enriched in atherosclerotic plaques, such as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). RAGE is expressed on a wide array of cell types implicated in cardiovascular disease, such as endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells such as macrophages. The cytoplasmic domain of RAGE binds to the formin molecule DIAPH1 and DIAPH1 is required for RAGE ligands to activate cell signaling responses. RAGE acts as a key mediator of oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways that are involved in atherosclerosis. We tested mechanisms of impaired regression of atherosclerosis in a murine model of aorta transplantation and found that deletion of Ager or Diaph1 in diabetic mice recipients of Ldlr null mice atherosclerotic aortas accelerates atherosclerosis regression and significantly reduces the lesional macrophage content when compared to diabetic wild-type recipient mice. The antiatherosclerotic effects in diabetic Ager null mice and diabetic Diaph1 null mice include reduced RAGE ligand AGEs in transplanted aortas, with reduced expression of a range of proatherogenic factors, including reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines implicated in leukocyte recruitment and activation. We employed RNA sequencing to identify the key transcriptional events by which RAGE mediates its effects in donor or recipient macrophages in diabetic regressing plaques. Our results suggest that critical gene expression profiles, including those genes involved in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, monocyte/macrophage fate (recruitment, differentiation, proliferation), signal transduction and lipid metabolism, are beneficially modulated, at least in part, via Ager deletion in atherosclerosis regression. Taken together, these data increase our understanding of the role of RAGE in diabetic atherosclerosis, particularly in macrophages, and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies to accelerate regression of atherosclerosis in diabetes.
Optimization of Phase-Engineered a-Si:H-Based Multi-Junction Solar Cells: Second Annual Technical Status Report, January 2003--January 2004 (2004)

This subcontract report entails investigation of engineering improvements in the performance and stability of solar cells in a systematic way. It consists of the following four tasks: Task 1-Materials research and device development; Task 2-Process improvement directed by real-time diagnostics; Task 3-Device loss mechanisms; and Task 4-Characterization strategies for advanced materials. The real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) multichamber is near completion, and trial depositions with a-Si:H will begin shortly. Construction of the new dual beam photoconductivity (DBP) apparatus has been completed, and the new capabilities are being used in studies on a-Si:H thin films. A new apparatus is being constructed for in-depth studies on the mechanisms limiting the performance of a-Si:H solar cells and the two track studies (cells and films) of the Staebler-Wronski Effect. The capabilities include the ability to integrate the cell characteristics including the quantum efficiency, at different temperatures on both p-i-n and n-i-p solar cells.
Attempts at Forming an Economic and Monetary Union (1995)

The Future of Europe focuses on the main policy areas where European leaders must take decisions over the coming years. The issues discussed include the EC’s policies for enlargement, greater depth, economic and monetary integration, foreign affairs, defence and citizenship rights. The author, Peter Coffey, offers a considered assessment of the move towards European integration, praising the achievements but also expressing concern about the lack of democratic control in the EC and its inability to co-ordinate its economic, monetary and foreign policies. European union, he argues, must be a selective coming together – a Europe à la carte – if the rights of the individual are to be reconciled with the necessity of creating a common front in selected critically important areas. Written in an accessible and informative style, this key policy book introduces students, teachers and others to the central economic, social and political issues facing present-day Europe.
25.6-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency using 16-QAM signals over pol-muxed multiple orbital-angular-momentum modes (2011)

We demonstrate generation/multiplexing/demultiplexing of polarization-multiplexed (pol-muxed) multiple orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes. High spectral efficiency of 25.6-bit/s/Hz is implemented using 10.7-Gbaud 16-QAM signals over pol-muxed four OAM modes. An OSNR penalty less than 3.5 dB is observed.
A Recursive Partitioning Decision Rule for Nonparametric Classification (1977)

A new criterion for deriving a recursive partitioning decision rule for nonparametric classification is presented. The criterion is both conceptually and computationally simple, and can be shown to have strong statistical merit. The resulting decision rule is asymptotically Bayes' risk efficient. The notion of adaptively generated features is introduced and methods are presented for dealing with missing features in both training and test vectors.
Ca2+ Signaling Occurs via Second Messenger Release from Intraorganelle Synthesis Sites (2008)

Cyclic ADP-ribose is an important Ca(2+)-mobilizing cytosolic messenger synthesized from beta-NAD(+) by ADP-ribosyl cyclases (ARCs). However, the focus upon ectocellular mammalian ARCs (CD38 and CD157) has led to confusion as to how extracellular enzymes generate intracellular messengers in response to stimuli. We have cloned and characterized three ARCs in the sea urchin egg and found that endogenous ARCbeta and ARCgamma are intracellular and located within the lumen of acidic, exocytotic vesicles, where they are optimally active. Intraorganelle ARCs are shielded from cytosolic substrate and targets by the organelle membrane, but this barrier is circumvented by nucleotide transport. We show that a beta-NAD(+) transporter provides ARC substrate that is converted luminally to cADPR, which, in turn, is shuttled out to the cytosol via a separate cADPR transporter. Moreover, nucleotide transport is integral to ARC activity physiologically because three transport inhibitors all inhibited the fertilization-induced Ca(2+) wave that is dependent upon cADPR. This represents a novel signaling mechanism whereby an extracellular stimulus increases the concentration of a second messenger by promoting messenger transport from intraorganelle synthesis sites to the cytosol.
Broad bandwidth of perceptual learning in the visual system of adults with anisometropic amblyopia (2008)

Recent studies have demonstrated that training adult amblyopes in simple visual tasks leads to significant improvements of their spatial vision. One critical question is: How much can training with one particular stimulus and task generalize to other stimuli and tasks? In this study, we estimated the bandwidth of perceptual learning in teenage and adult observers with anisometropic amblyopia and compared it to that of normal observers. We measured and compared contrast sensitivity functions-i.e., sensitivity to sine-wave gratings of various spatial frequencies-before and after training at a single spatial frequency in teenagers and adults with and without amblyopia. We found that the bandwidth of perceptual learning in the amblyopic visual system is much broader than that of the normal visual system. The broader bandwidth, suggesting more plasticity and wider generalization in the amblyopic visual system, provides a strong empirical and theoretical basis for perceptual learning as a potential treatment for amblyopia.
An App for Classifying Personal Mental Illness at Workplace Using Fit Statistics and Convolutional Neural Networks: Survey-Based Quantitative Study (2020)

The 44-item model with 108 parameters was estimated by using CNN to improve the accuracy of mental health for RTs. An MI app developed to help RTs self-detect work-related MI at an early stage should be made more available and viable in the future.
E-032 Arteriovenous malformation management via endovascular embolization: Onyx versus n-butyl cyanoacrylate (2010)

Introduction Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) is achieved by embolization, surgery, radiosurgery or any combination of these modalities. The aim of endovascular management of BAVMs before surgical resection is to minimize intraoperative blood loss, to occlude the entire BAVM or at least minimize the size of the nidus. Endovascular treatment is achieved by using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) or Onyx embolic agent. Methods 14 Onyx and 15 n-BCA cases who were treated via endovascular procedures were randomly selected from 2003 to 2009 and were retrospectively analyzed. We began by comparing patient demographics, complication rates, Spetzler–Martin grading scale, BAVM volumes, pre- and post-embolization volumes, contrast loads, radiation times, as well as the number of feeder arteries. Volume of the nidus was calculated after three angiographic diameters of the lesion were obtained. The horizontal and vertical diameters were obtained from the anteroposterior projection and the longitudinal diameter from the lateral projection. We considered the BAVM to take an ellipsoid shape and we used Pasqualin method in calculating the volume of the BAVM: V= (wxhxl)/2 Results The mean pre-embolization nidal volume for Onyx and n-BCA cases were 5.59±4.84 cm 3 and 4.11±4.30 cm 3 , respectively. No significant statistical difference between Onyx and n-BCA pre-embolization volumes was observed. The mean post-embolization volume for Onyx and n-BCA were 2.68±2.72 cm 3 and 1.68±1.38 cm 3 , respectively. The per cent of obliteration of the BAVM was observed to be 71% in Onyx cases compared with n-BCA cases, which was 62.5% (p=0.2). Contrast load was observed to be higher in n-BCA cases compared with Onyx cases (p=0.8). However, fluoroscopy time was observed to be significantly higher in Onyx cases compared with n-BCA cases (P=0.0009). On the other hand, patients treated with Onyx as the sole embolic agent had fewer staged embolizations compared with n-BCA patients. Conclusion The purpose of our study is to report our experience in using Onyx versus n-BCA and report our anatomic and clinical results accomplished using these two forms of treatment. Both modalities of treatment are comparable with regard to percentage of obliteration of the BAVM. However, Onyx requires a fewer number of staged embolizations to achieve the same degree of obliteration as one would achieve with n-BCA.
Direct NMR Observation of the Thioredoxin-mediated Reduction of the Chloroplast NADP-malate Dehydrogenase Provides a Structural Basis for the Relief of Autoinhibition (1999)

The chloroplastic NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) catalyzing the reduction of oxaloacetate into L-malate is regulated by light. Its activation results from the thioredoxin-mediated reduction of two disulfides, located, respectively, in N- and C-terminal sequence extensions typical of all NADP-dependent light-regulated forms. Site-directed mutagenesis studies and the resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the oxidized (inactive) Sorghum vulgare enzyme showed that the C-terminal Cys(365)-Cys(377) disulfide constrains the C-terminal extension to fold into the active site where it acts as an internal inhibitor. In the present study, two-dimensional proton NMR spectra of an engineered NADP-MDH rendered monomeric by a 33-amino acid deletion at the N terminus (38 kDa) revealed that a 15-amino acid-long C-terminal peptide (Ala(375) to C-terminal Val(389)) acquired an increased mobility upon reduction, allowing its direct sequence-specific NMR assignment. The location of the flexible peptide in the sequence suggests that the first part of the C-terminal peptide is still folded near the core of the enzyme, so that cysteines 365 and 377 remain in proximity to allow for an efficient reoxidation/inactivation of the enzyme.
Differential effect of alpha-latrotoxin on exocytosis from small synaptic vesicles and from large dense-core vesicles containing calcitonin gene-related peptide at the frog neuromuscular junction. (1988)

The regulatory peptide called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was detected by immunofluorescence in frog motor neurons and motor nerve terminals. In motor nerve terminals, CGRP-like immunoreactivity was found to be segregated within large dense-core vesicles. To determine whether exocytosis from acetylcholine-containing small synaptic vesicles and from CGRP-containing large dense-core vesicles can be independently stimulated, nerve-muscle preparations were exposed to alpha-latrotoxin. This toxin induced complete depletion of acetylcholine-containing small synaptic vesicles but did not induce a parallel depletion of CGRP-like immunoreactivity and of large dense-core vesicles. These effects were independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and occurred both at room temperature and at low temperature (1-3 degrees C). These findings suggest that exocytosis from the two vesicle populations is mediated by distinct biochemical mechanisms, which might be differentially regulated by physiological stimuli.
Self-maintained distributed tuples for field-based coordination in dynamic networks (2004)

Field-based coordination is a very promising approach for a wide range of application scenarios in modern dynamic networks. To implement such an approach, one can rely on distributed tuples injected in a network and propagated to form a distributed data structure to be sensed by application agents. However, to gain the full benefits from such a coordination approach, it is important to enable the distributed tuples to preserve their structures despite the dynamics of the network. In this paper, we show how a variety of self-maintained distributed tuple structures for field-based coordination can be easily programmed in the TOTA middleware. Several examples clarify the approach, and performance data is presented to verify its effectiveness.
Efficacy and safety of hypofractionated preoperative radiotherapy in treatment of localized extremity/trunk wall soft tissue sarcoma (STS): Final results of the study. (2013)

10564 Background: The primary treatment of STS is surgical resection combined with pre- or postoperative radiotherapy. Conventional fractionation in neoadjuvant radiotherapy is 50Gy (fractions: 2Gy/day). Radiobiological studies shown that alpha/beta ratios of some sarcoma cells are below 10Gy, what is rationale for hypofractionation. Aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy in preoperative setting in patients with STS treated in one institution. Methods: 220 patients (median age 54years) participated in this prospective study (2006-2010). Median follow up is 34 months. 140 patients (64%) had high grade (G3) tumors, median size -9cm (45% ≥10cm), 68% on lower limb. 137 patients (62.2%) had primary tumors. Preoperative radiotherapy 5x5 Gy per 5 consecutive days was applied, with immediate tumor resection. Results: R0 resection was possible in 79%. 61 patients died (3-year overall survival OS 72%), 91 (41%) had disease relapse. Local recurrence (LR) was found in 20% of the patients (3-year LR-free survival 80%). Negative prognostic factors for LR were: tumor size ≥10cm (p=0.037), grade 3 (p=0.0041) and primary vs. recurrent tumor with borderline significance. LRs had significant impact on OS (p=0.0001). 101 patients (46%) had any kind of complications, majority on lower limb (early: 17.2% prolonged healing of the wound &gt;1month, 12.7% -wound dehiscence, 4% -prolonged punctures of lymph fluid, 2.7% -acute skin toxicity; late: 0.9% -severe fibrosis with contracture, 11% -prolonged edema. 2.7% -bone fracture), but only 6.3% required additional surgery. Conclusions: In this non-selected group of advanced STS use of hypofractionated preoperative radiotherapy was associated with similar local control (80%) when compared to previously published studies. The early toxicity is tolerable, with small rate of late complications. Presented results warrants evaluation in randomized trial.
A system architecture for decision-making support on ISR missions with stochastic needs and profit (2013)

In this paper, we propose a system architecture for decision-making support on ISR (i.e., Intelligence, Surveil­lance, Reconnaissance) missions via optimizing resource allocation. We model a mission as a graph of tasks, each of which often requires exclusive access to some resources. Our system guides users through refinement of their needs through an interactive interface. To maximize the chances of executing new missions, the system searches for pre-existent information collected on the field that best fit the needs. If this search fails, a set of new requests representing users' requirements is considered to maximize the overall benefit constrained by limited resources. If an ISR request cannot be satisfied, feedback is generated to help the commander further refine or adjust their information requests in order to still provide support to the mission. In our work, we model both demands for resources and the importance of the information retrieved realistically in that they are not fully known at the time a mission is submitted and may change overtime during execution. The amount of resources consumed by a mission may not be deterministic; e.g., a mission may last slightly longer or shorter than expected, or more of a resource may be required to complete a task. Furthermore, the benefits received from the mission, which we call profits, may also be non-deterministic; e.g., successfully localizing a vehicle might be more important than expected for accomplishing the entire operation. Therefore, when satisfying ISR requirements we take into account both constraints on the underlying resources and uncertainty of demands and profits.