gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive energy conservation solution for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Multiple energy conserving approaches have been proposed for wireless networks that are exploited by the link layer and network layer protocols. Unfortunately, integrating these approaches in ad hoc networks is difficult. Due to the temporally random nature of access protocols, methods based on entering low energy states cause severe degradation of network capacity and also degrade the performance of routing protocols. Meanwhile, methods used by routing protocols that give preference to shorter links or attempt to balance load to prolong the longevity of the plurality of nodes require commitment to one or the other of these metrics without regard to link layer approaches. We show that through the integrated use of our access and routing protocols, synchronous collision resolution (SCR) and node state routing (NSR), that these types of energy conservation mechanisms can be managed simultaneously. We conclude with a simple simulation of the integrated use of these protocols. The simulations demonstrate that these protocols reduce the rate of energy consumption by the network but that in determining their effectiveness, the end-to-end throughput of the network must be considered.
Development of novel anisotropic conductive film (ACF) (2003)

Developments on flip chip connections are ongoing for high density packaging in the electronics industry. Anisotropic conducting adhesive is an interconnecting material for one of the flip chip packaging methods. Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ) forecasts, in the roadmap of Semiconductor Packaging Technology, that such an adhesive material will be used for connecting bump-less chips and printed circuit boards in a pitch of 0.040 mm in the year 2000. The development on the novel structure of anisotropic conductive film (ACF), started to achieve the ultimate IC-packaging system, in which bump-less chips can be electrically connected and encapsulated on circuit boards through this ACF. Optimizing the structure and material can improve a variety of operational conditions, such as bonding time, pressure and temperature. These improvements can contribute to better throughput, when the ACF connects chips and circuit boards in the assembly process, and allow one to remove the defective chips from the board after connecting chips and boards with the ACF. This development is extended to wafer level packaging from the die level, for more effective IC-packaging. The enlarged ACF successfully and reliably bonds to wafers. This paper is an overview of the novel ACF in the packaging application, including its wafer level handling.
Impact of patient, surgical, and implant design factors on predicted tray–bone interface micromotions in cementless total knee arthroplasty (2022)

Micromotion magnitudes exceeding 150 µm may prevent bone formation and limit fixation after cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Many factors influence the tray-bone interface micromotion but the critical parameters and sensitivities are less clear. In this study, we assessed the impacts of surgical (tray alignment, tibial coverage, and resection surface preparation), patient (bone properties and tibiofemoral kinematics), and implant design (tray feature and surface friction) factors on tray-bone interface micromotions during a series of activities of daily living. Micromotion was estimated via three previously validated implant-bone finite element models and tested under gait, deep knee bending, and stair descent loads. Overall, the average micromotion across the tray-bone cementless contact interface ranged from 9.3 to 111.4 µm, and peak micromotion was consistently found along the anterior tray edge. Maximizing tibial coverage above a properly sized tibial tray (an average of 12.3% additional area) had minimal impact on micromotion. A 1 mm anterior tray alignment change reduced the average micromotion by an average of 16.1%. Two-degree tibial angular resection errors reduced the area for bone ingrowth up to 48.1%. Differences on average micromotion from ±25% changes in bone moduli were up to 75.5%. A more posterior tibiofemoral contact due to additional 100 N posterior force resulted in an average of 79.3% increase on average micromotion. Overall, careful surgical technique, patient selection, and controlling kinematics through articular design all contribute meaningfully to minimizing micromotion in cementless TKA, with centralizing the load transfer to minimize the resulting moment at the anterior tray perimeter a consistent theme.
Clinical dosimetry in the treatment of bone tumors: old and new agents. (2011)

Treatment of multisite, sclerotic bone metastases is successfully performed by radionuclide therapy. Pain palliation is the most common aim for the treatment. Two radiopharmaceuticals are currently approved by the European Medicines Agency ((153)Sm-EDTMP and (89)Sr-Cl₂) whilst other radiopharmaceuticals are at different stages of development, or are approved in some European countries ((186)Re-HEDP, (117)Snm-DTPA and (223)Ra-Cl₂). The tissues at risk for the treatment are bone marrow and normal bone. A review of the methods applied for dosimetry for these tissues and for tumours is performed, including the calculation of S values (the absorbed dose per decay) and optimal procedures on how to obtain biodistribution data for each radiopharmaceutical. The dosimetry data can be used to individualise and further improve the treatment for each patient. Dosimetry for radionuclide therapy of bone metastases is feasible and can be performed in a routine clinical practice.
Global observations of substorm injection region evolution: 27 August 2001 (2009)

Abstract. We present riometer and in situ observations of a substorm electron injection on 27 August 2001. The event is seen at more than 20 separate locations (including ground stations and 6 satellites: Cluster, Polar, Chandra, and 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) spacecraft). The injection is observed to be dispersionless at 12 of these locations. Combining these observations with information from the GOES-8 geosynchronous satellite we argue that the injection initiated near geosynchronous orbit and expanded poleward (tailward) and equatorward (earthward) afterward. Further, the injection began several minutes after the reconnection identified in the Cluster data, thus providing concrete evidence that, in at least some events, near-Earth reconnection has little if any ionospheric signature.
Algorithms for derivative-free optimization (2009)

Fueled by a growing number of applications in science and engineering, the development of derivative-free optimization algorithms has long been studied and found renewed interest. The problem addressed is the optimization of a deterministic function f : Rn→ R over a domain of interest that possibly includes constraints g(x) ≤ 0, with g : Rn→ Rm . We assume that the derivatives of f and g are neither symbolically available nor numerically computable, and that bounds, such as Lipschitz constants, for the derivatives of f and g are also unavailable. 
In this thesis, we begin by presenting a comprehensive list of available methods and software and performing an extensive computational study that compares the solvers over a publicly available problem set. Then, we develop Model and Search (M&S), a new local search algorithm for derivative-free optimization. M&S performs a local search from a given point. The search is guided by identifying descent directions from a quadratic model fitted around the best known point, while using information from other evaluated points. We prove that M&S enjoys global convergence to a stationary point. We also propose a new global search algorithm for derivative-free optimization problems, in particular the Branch and Model (B&M) algorithm that is based on modeling the function of interest around each evaluated point by using information from other nearby evaluated points. Algorithm B&M is shown to perform a dense search and thus converge to a global minimum. While oriented towards a global search, B&M relies on the M&S algorithm for occasional local searches. Finally, we present an application of derivative-free solvers, including B&M, to the protein-ligand docking problem. Results show that B&M delivers satisfactory ligand conformations, even outperforming the state-of-the-art protein docking software AutoDock.
Replicating Parvoviruses That Target Colon Cancer Cells (2003)

The wnt signaling pathway is constitutively activated in colon tumors by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli and beta-catenin genes. We have modified the minute virus of mice (MVM) P4 promoter to make it responsive to wnt signaling by inserting binding sites for the heterodimeric beta-catenin/Tcf transcription factor. In luciferase assays we can see up to 20-fold selectivity of Tcf mutant P4 promoters for cells with activated wnt signaling. Hybrid MVM/H-1 viruses containing Tcf mutant promoters were tested for NS1 expression, viral DNA replication, virus replication, and cytopathic effect on colon, lung, kidney, and cervical cancer cell lines. Activation of the wnt pathway by expression of Delta N-beta-catenin increased NS1 expression and viral burst size in 293T and H1299 lung cancer cells, showing that the Tcf mutant P4 promoter can respond to wnt signals in the context of the virus. Compared to the parental virus, the burst size of the Tcf mutant viruses was reduced at least 1,000-fold in H1299, 293T, NB324K, and HeLa cells, which have inactive wnt signaling pathways. The burst size and cytopathic effect of the Tcf viruses was near wild-type levels in SW480 and Isreco1 colon cancer cell lines, which have high Tcf activity. The high specificity of these viruses should permit the development of H-1 virus-based vectors which combine high safety and greater efficacy in cancer therapy.
Reconfigurable gate array architectures for real time digital signal processing (2002)

The number of usable gates in field programmable gate array (FPGA) logic has recently reached a level which allows their use as computational structures in digital signal processing (DSP) applications. This paper reports on the development of a scalable computing architecture based on Xilinx (CMOS) XC4010 FPGAs for real-time digital signal processing. The architecture requirements for efficient implementation of common DSP algorithms on FPGA platforms are considered. An analysis of the implementation and performance of a high-bandwidth finite impulse response (FIR) filter is presented. A second design using data requantization and spectral shaping to achieve higher order filters is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Heat Effects on Egg Yolk Properties (1970)

(1970). Heat Effects on Egg Yolk Properties. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 781-783.
Modified contra-wound helix circuits for high-power traveling-wave tubes (1956)

Experiments performed on modified forms of the Chodorow-Chu contra-wound helix circuit are presented with emphasis on those properties useful in the design of high voltage, high power traveling-wave tubes. Velocity and impedance measurements are shown for a fair range of pitches, crossover angles, wire widths, and wire thicknesses. Impedances are compared with those of a circuit having ideal fields (and the same phase and group velocities) and are found to be very good. Loading effects of glass and metal cylinders (envelopes), current paths, a second mode, and transitions from helix to waveguide are described. It is shown that periodic supports (stubs), used to make the structure much more rugged mechanically and capable of large heat dissipation, also increase the (already high) impedance almost as much as they decrease the group velocity, implying that the stubs add but little stored energy.
Isolation and characterization of the murine lymphoma L5178Y cell line highly resistant to 5-fluorouracil. (1980)

5-Fluorouracil-resistant cell line designated as L5178Y/FU was established in this experiment. This is one of the colonies derived from the subculture which acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil by passing the L5178Y cells through ten successive episodes of culture in Fischer's medium containing 5-fluorouracil, in which each 5-fluorouracil treatment was followed by recovery intervals. The resistance of this line is about 80-fold that of the IC99 of 5-fluorouracil, and also shows a cross resistance to both 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine resistant subline designated as L5178Y/FUdR was also isolated from the subculture which acquired resistance to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine by using the same selection procedure. The resistance of this line is about 650-fold that of the IC99 of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, and shows a partial cross-resistance to 5-fluorouridine, but not to 5-fluorouracil.
Connectivity and cortical architecture (2016)

Brain regions of the cerebral cortex differ in their cytoarchitecture as well as in the intrinsic connectivity within an area and the organization of macroscopic connections between different cortical areas. Nonetheless, it is not clear which rules underlie the relationship of cellular and fiber architecture, and how the characteristic cortical micro- and macro-connectivity are related to each other. In order to identify principles of cortical connectivity, we systematically investigate various parameters of cortical architecture and their relation to the organization of anatomical connections among cortical areas. Characteristic parameters of cortical architecture include the differential density and distribution of neurons and neuron types across the layers of cortical areas, as well as the regional distribution of different receptors of neurotransmitter systems. The cytoarchitectonic characterization of the brain is a classic approach of neuroanatomy, which recently has been supplemented by new techniques for labeling specific neural components as well as novel optical and analytical approaches. However, the systematic quantitative acquisition of architectonic and morphological parameters of the human brain has only just begun. It is a fundamental challenge to gather and quantify the extremely extensive and detailed histological data (“big data”) by novel image processing techniques. This challenge is taken up in the BigBrain project. Extensive anatomical data already exist for a number of animal models, for example, the brains of nonhuman primates, the cat or the mouse. However, for each single parameter it has to be demonstrated how far these data can be generalized across species. Previous analyses support the notion that the regionally specific cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex is closely linked to the existence and the laminar projection patterns of cortico-cortical connections. These results imply systematic relationships between the patterns of macroscopic connections among cortical areas and the regionally specific intrinsic circuitry within cortical areas. Such relations are the basis of generic models of multiscale cortical connectivity, which reflect essential anatomical and functional properties of mammalian cortical organization.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Regulation of Prostate Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis,and Integrin Signal Transduction (2012)

Abstract : PSMA has been shown to be significantly and universally up-regulated on the vasculature of solid tumors, while it is absent in normal, quiescent vessels suggesting it may play a role in pathologic angiogenesis. Inhibiting the enzymatic activity of PSMA leads to a decrease in endothelial cell adhesion, invasion and migration in vitro, processes which are necessary for angiogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that PSMA may play a role in angiogenesis in vivo. We examined tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in a transgenic model of tumor progression in wild-type and PSMA-null animals. We also investigated the relative contribution of tumor vs. endothelial PSMA expression using PSMA positive tumor allografts into wild type or PSMA null mice, and show that PSMA expression on endothelial cells is necessary for tumor angiogenesis. We also showed that PSMA contribution to pathologic angiogenesis was not restricted to tumor angiogenesis, using a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity to show that PSMA function changes outcome in this model. Understanding the contribution of PSMA to angiogenesis progression will further understanding of diseases involving pathologic blood vessel growth. Better understanding of the molecules regulating this process may lead to new therapies for tumor metastasis and for diseases involving detrimental angiogenesis.
Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in cancer patients (1983)

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime were determined in 25 patients with neoplastic diseases. A group of 13 patients each received 1 g of ceftazidime over 15 min as a single intravenous dose. The mean peak drug concentration in serum was 77.4 micrograms/ml, and the serum half-life was 144 min. Urinary excretion at 12 h was 64.5%. These 13 patients also received 2 g of ceftazidime over 15 min at 8-h intervals for 7 or 8 days. The mean peak drug concentrations in serum were 103.6 micrograms/ml on day 1 and 87 micrograms/ml on day 7 or 8. A second group of 12 patients received 1 g of ceftazidime over 30 min, followed by 1 g over 2 h and every 4 h thereafter. The mean peak drug concentration in serum at 30 min was 57.5 micrograms/ml. Average peak and trough levels obtained on day 2 or 3 were 65 and 34.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and remained in this range thereafter. The above-mentioned dose schedules produced high and adequate ceftazidime concentrations in serum.
Water Confined in Films of Sulphonated Phthalocyanines (2011)

The role played by peripheral substituents and the effects of hydration on vibrational and photochemical properties of aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) and aluminum tetrasulphonated phthalocyanine (AlPcS4) films have been studied by IR, Raman, emission, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The O–H (O–D) stretching modes of water (deuterated water) have been used as a probe of H-bond interactions between water and the phthalocyanine macrocycles. It has been shown that the substituent and humidity have a tremendous influence on water properties confined in restricted environments of the film surface. We have identified the O–H stretching vibrations of water involved in the H-bond interactions with the sulphonyl groups (O–H···O) and with the central aluminum atom (H–O···Al).
Kinetics of esterification of succinic anhydride with methanol by homogeneous catalysis (1994)

Abstract Kinetic data on the esterification of succinic anhydride with methanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid have been obtained using a stirred batch reactor. In addition to get a precise ascertainment of the parameters the esterification of monomethyl succinate with methanol has been studied separately. Several experiments have been carried out with different initial molar ratios and different amounts of sulfuric acid at various temperatures. The conversion to dimethyl succinate at 30–65°C follows a first‐order rate expression with respect to each component. A theoretical rate equation is derived by the following reaction mechanism: (1) succinic anhydride is protonated by sulfuric acid to form a reaction intermediate, (2) irreversible esterification to monomethyl succinate, (3) protonation of the monoester, and (4) the esterification to dimethyl succinate proceeds reversibly. The resultant kinetic equation fitted the experimental data quite well and is given by the expression: © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Design of high-sensitivity photoelastic optical fiber pressure sensor: a differential approach (1997)

A differential method is described for an optical fiber photoelastic pressure sensor to implement high sensitivity and low drift optically. The method relies on importing two orthogonal polarization light beams into the system alternately in time to produce two differential output signals that are derived from conventional compensation methods. The difference of the two output signals can reduce the long-term drift significantly. The measurement range of 0/spl sim/0.15 MPa has been demonstrated with an accuracy of 0.1% within the temperature range of -20/spl deg/C/spl sim/50/spl deg/C. The practical application proves its efficiency.
Class Generative Models Based on Feature Regression for Pose Estimation of Object Categories (2013)

In this paper, we propose a method for learning a class representation that can return a continuous value for the pose of an unknown class instance using only 2D data and weak 3D labeling information. Our method is based on generative feature models, i.e., regression functions learned from local descriptors of the same patch collected under different viewpoints. The individual generative models are then clustered in order to create class generative models which form the class representation. At run-time, the pose of the query image is estimated in a maximum a posteriori fashion by combining the regression functions belonging to the matching clusters. We evaluate our approach on the EPFL car dataset and the Pointing'04 face dataset. Experimental results show that our method outperforms by 10% the state-of-the-art in the first dataset and by 9% in the second.
Semi-automatic extraction and vectorisation of multicoloured cartographic objects (2005)

We describe a semi-automatic cartographic image interpretation system in which techniques previously applied to monochrome images are generalised to colour and extended to support digitization of the full range of multi-coloured cartographic objects. A snapping tool eases the selection of seed points, speeding interpretation. Line and area objects are identified automatically and a suitable target representation (skeleton or contour) produced for each. This simplifies interaction as the user does not have to vary his/her behaviour with object type. Multi-coloured objects can be constructed from their components with ease and correction tools such as snapping and undo both save time and decrease error rates.
Development Of Composite Panels For Telescope Mirrors (1991)

Report describes continuing program for development of lightweight hexagonal graphite/epoxy composite panels intended to support precisely curved mirror surfaces assembled into large telescope mirror. Discusses development requirements, technical decisions, fabrication methods, measurements of properties of materials, analytical simulation, and thermal vacuum testing. Telescope flown in orbit around Earth to observe at wavelengths down to 30 micrometers.
ES-ENAS: Efficient Evolutionary Optimization for Large Hybrid Search Spaces (2021)

In this paper, we approach the problem of optimizing blackbox functions over large hybrid search spaces consisting of both combinatorial and continuous parameters. We demonstrate that previous evolutionary algorithms which rely on mutation-based approaches, while flexible over combinatorial spaces, suffer from a curse of dimensionality in high dimensional continuous spaces both theoretically and empirically, which thus limits their scope over hybrid search spaces as well. In order to combat this curse, we propose ES-ENAS, a simple and modular joint optimization procedure combining the class of sample-efficient smoothed gradient techniques, commonly known as Evolutionary Strategies (ES), with combinatorial optimizers in a highly scalable and intuitive way, inspired by the one-shot or supernet paradigm introduced in Efficient Neural Architecture Search (ENAS). By doing so, we achieve significantly more sample efficiency, which we empirically demonstrate over synthetic benchmarks, and are further able to apply ES-ENAS for architecture search over popular RL benchmarks.
An FPGA Implementation of High-Precision STR-based Time-to-Digital Converter (2019)

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