gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of shock-wave loading on transformation temperatures, elastic and anelastic properties of β1Cu-Al-Ni martensitic single crystals (2002)

Abstract The effect of high-velocity impact loading on the structure, transformation temperatures, elastic and anelastic properties has been studied for a Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy in the β′1 martensitic phase. The impact loading of crystals has been performed by means of a light gas gun, producing compressive plane-strain wave pulses with a duration of about 2 × 10−6 s. The normal component of stress in the direction of the strain wave propagation ranged from 0.5 to 5 GPa and was used as a characteristic of the impact magnitude. The influence of the impact loading on the transformation temperatures and the structure of martenistic variants cannot be discerned in the present experimental results. In contrast with the macroscopic properties of crystals, the elastic and anelastic properties, studied at a frequency of about 100 kHz, are found to be strongly influenced by the impact loading. The difference between the effects of the impact on elastic and anelastic properties and on the macroscopic performance of crystals is interpreted on the assumption that these properties are related to different structural entities. Changes in the system of partial dislocations in the faulted martensite and variations in internal stresses are considered as basic contributors to the observed elastic and anelastic effects. The stability of the temperature range and hysteresis of the martensitic transformation are ascribed to the rather stable (under the present impact conditions) martensitic variant structure.
Erythrocyte Complement Receptors (1995)

Primate erythrocytes express complement receptors (E-CR), which can extrinsically bind C3b and Cb4. This interaction allows primate erythrocytes to bind complement opsonized particles and immune complexes, a phenomenon historically referred to as immune adherence. The binding of C3b and C4b by E-CR also leads to inhibition of complement activation. The human E-Cr is the complement activation. The human E-CR is the complement receptor type 1, or CR1, which is codominantly expressed as four polymorphic allotypes, ranging in size from 190,000 to 280,000 M(r). Non-human primate E-CR are similar to CR1 in function and antigenicity and are likely homologous to CR1 in structure; however, they are one third to one half the size of CR1. The physiological role of E-CR, determined from studies in monkeys and humans, is to allow erythrocytes to perform as inert shuttles for circulating immune complexes (IC), safely directing IC to the organs of the monocyte phagocytic system, thus preventing indiscriminate IC deposition in vulnerable tissue. In IC-mediated diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), detectable erythrocyte CR1 levels are reduced, an abnormality that in part is acquired during disease activity. The loss of erythrocyte CR1 may be an important pathogenic factor in the development and severity of SLE.
19세기 지방관아의 교방정책과 관기의 경제현실 -강계부(江界府)의 「교방절목(敎坊節目)」을 중심으로- (2009)

본고는 평안도 江界府에서 작성한 『江州節目摠錄』(1864년 작성추정) 內의 「敎坊節目」을 주 자료로 지방관아의 교방정책과 관기의 삶을 보다 구체적으로 이해하고자 하였다. 본고의 연구 대상인 「敎坊節目」은 1864년 강계부에서 작성한 『강주절목총록』안에 수록된 관찬 문건이다. 「교방절목」은 조선후기의 지방 관아에서 國役體系에 편제된 소속 公賤인 관기들을 어떻게 관리했으며, 또한 어떻게 교방을 운영하였는지, 그 정책 전반을 보여준다. 그 과정에서 강계부 소속 관기의 役의 실태와 경제적 처지 등이 자연스럽게 드러난다. 「교방절목」은 지방 관아의 교방정책을 밝힐 수 있는 가장 대표적인 자료이며 공적·제도적 존재로서의 관기의 삶을 구체적으로 밝힐 수 있는 중요한 자료이다. 그런데 아직까지 학계에는 「교방절목」에 대한 연구가 보고된 적이 없다. 본고는 19세기 지방관아의 교방운영과 관기의 삶을 보다 구체적으로 밝히기 위해 「敎坊節目」뿐만 아니라 「妓生房節目」 등의 절목류를 활용하였다. 「妓生房節目」 역시 본고에서 처음 소개하고 연구하는 자료로서 교방에서의 관기의 삶의 한 양상을 밝힐 수 있는 중요한 관찬문건이다. 지금까지의 교방과 관기 연구는 교방과 관기에 관한 전문적이고 독립적인 관찬 자료를 거의 찾지 못하였다. 이에 본고에서는 그동안 밝혀지지 않았던 교방과 관기에 관한 독립적이고 전문적인 관찬자료를 연구함과 동시에 「義州府尹解由」 등의 해유류, 「江界府事例」 등의 사례류, 「各司謄錄」 등의 등록류, 奴婢案 등 이제까지 교방 및 관기 연구에서 거의 접근하지 않았던 관찬 자료를 새로이 활용하여 교방과 관기 연구의 새로운 시각과 깊이를 확보하고자 하였다. 그 결과 19세기 강계지역 지방관아의 교방운영 정책과 교방의 체계가 구체적으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 교방소속 官妓의 役과 老除妓의 처지 그리고 관기의 수당과 경제현실 등이 밝혀졌다. 강계부의 「교방절목」은 지방관아에서 교방과 관기의 형편을 살피고 문제점, 해결방안, 시행 세칙 등을 상세하게 기록하여 교방에서의 관기의 삶에 대한 전반적인 내용을 풍부하게 담고 있다. 따라서 교방과 관기에 대한 지방 관아의 공적시선이 생생하게 드러났다. 관기와 교방에 대한 연민, 공감 등을 보내는 지방관아의 공적시선은 관기를 존폐의 대상으로 논의하는 중앙정부의 공적시선과 비교가 된다.
In Remembrance of Hiroshi Takeshita, MD, Pioneering Neuroanesthesiologist (2019)

*Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN †Yamaguchi University School of Medicine Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture ‡Emergency Department, Kokura Memorial Hospital Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Language as a Foundation of the Semantic Web (2008)

This paper aims to show how language-related knowledge may serve as a \nfundamental\nbuilding block for the Semantic Web. We present a system of URIs for terms, \nlanguages, scripts, and characters, which are not only highly interconnected but\nalso linked to a great variety of resources on the Web. Additional mapping\nheuristics may then be used to derive new links.
Anestesia espinal parte V. Efectos fisiológicos (2021)

Spinal anesthesia is a widely used technique in the intraoperative setting. It produces characteristic physiological effects on different body systems, which are essential to consider when using this anesthetic method. These effects may be particularly relevant in certain patients depending on their needs, comorbidities and the procedure they will be subjected to. This review highlights the major effects that spinal anesthesia has on the main body systems. In the autonomic nervous system, the effects will depend on the balance and regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, secondary to the block level achieved, which can be estimated through temperature discrimination. The sympathetic blockade produced leads to systemic arterial and venous vasodilation, causing a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, venous return, heart rate and myocardial contractility. Spinal anesthesia also affects the central nervous system in many ways, resulting in a sedative effect. In normal conditions, ventilatory function is not significantly affected, but may become insufficient or unsatisfactory in certain patient groups. Due to blood flow redistribution, thermoregulation may become compromised, decreasing the patient's body temperature according to the degree of the effect. Other organs which may become affected by nervous system regulations are the ones on the gastrointestinal and urinary systems. In addition to this, eventual adrenal blockade could result in lower metabolic and stress responses to stimuli.
Breathing through a Straw (2023)

Abstract This chapter reviews a selection of imaging modalities (plain films and CT) to evaluate the child with stridor and details the signs that can be expected in different etiologies, including croup, foreign body aspiration, epiglottitis, and retropharyngeal abscess. It reviews when you may need to obtain imaging in a child originally suspected to have croup. It describes radiographic signs associated with stridor, including steeple sign, thumb sign, and prevertebral widening. Finally, it details the potential advantages of CT scan over plain films when evaluating retropharyngeal abscess.
A Low-Cost Library Construction Protocol and Data Analysis Pipeline for Illumina-Based Strand-Specific Multiplex RNA-Seq (2011)

The emergence of NextGen sequencing technology has generated much interest in the exploration of transcriptomes. Currently, Illumina Inc. (San Diego, CA) provides one of the most widely utilized sequencing platforms for gene expression analysis. While Illumina reagents and protocols perform adequately in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), alternative reagents and protocols promise a higher throughput at a much lower cost. We have developed a low-cost and robust protocol to produce Illumina-compatible (GAIIx and HiSeq2000 platforms) RNA-seq libraries by combining several recent improvements. First, we designed balanced adapter sequences for multiplexing of samples; second, dUTP incorporation in 2(nd) strand synthesis was used to enforce strand-specificity; third, we simplified RNA purification, fragmentation and library size-selection steps thus drastically reducing the time and increasing throughput of library construction; fourth, we included an RNA spike-in control for validation and normalization purposes. To streamline informatics analysis for the community, we established a pipeline within the iPlant Collaborative. These scripts are easily customized to meet specific research needs and improve on existing informatics and statistical treatments of RNA-seq data. In particular, we apply significance tests for determining differential gene expression and intron retention events. To demonstrate the potential of both the library-construction protocol and data-analysis pipeline, we characterized the transcriptome of the rice leaf. Our data supports novel gene models and can be used to improve current rice genome annotation. Additionally, using the rice transcriptome data, we compared different methods of calculating gene expression and discuss the advantages of a strand-specific approach to detect bona-fide anti-sense transcripts and to detect intron retention events. Our results demonstrate the potential of this low cost and robust method for RNA-seq library construction and data analysis.
Production of organometallic polymers by the interfacial technique. II. Kinetic study of the production of polyoxyethyleneoxy(diphenylsilylene) by the interfacial technique (1969)

Abstract The stirred interfacial production of polyoxyethyleneoxy(diphenylsilylene) was found to be five‐thirds order and dependent on the concentrations of both ethylene glycol and diphenyldichlorosilane, indicating that the character of the rate‐determining step involves reaction of the ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol derivative and diphenyldichlorosilane or diphenyldichlorosilane derivative. A model consisting of ethylene glycol droplets residing in the organic phase is proposed which follows the rate expression: This is in agreement with experimental findings. A rate constant of 1.4 × 10 −4 c. 2/3 m 2/3 ‐sec is found. The rates in unstirred interfacial systems are found to be slower than in the stirred systems.
Corneal epithelial permeability after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (1996)

Excimer laser PRK affected the corneal epithelial barrier function at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively even though the corneal epithelium covered the ablated area. Deeper laser ablations showed higher corneal CF uptake for longer periods than shallower ablations.
Correction: Recent Progress on ZnO‐Based Metal‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors and Their Application in Transparent Integrated Circuits (2011)

Due to an oversight the front cover of issue 47 from last year showed an incomplete cover image. The correct front cover image is shown here: The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused.
Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Gene Transfer Rescues a Neonatal Lethal Murine Model of Propionic Acidemia (2010)

Propionic acidemia (PA) is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism caused by a deficiency of propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC). Despite optimal dietary and cofactor therapy, PA patients still suffer from lethal metabolic instability and experience multisystemic complications. A murine model of PA (Pcca(-/-)) of animals that uniformly die within the first 48 hr of life was used to determine the efficacy of adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer as a potential therapy for PA. An AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) vector was engineered to express the human PCCA cDNA and delivered to newborn mice via an intrahepatic injection. Greater than 64% of the Pcca(-/-) mice were rescued after AAV8-mediated gene transfer and survived until day of life 16 or beyond. Western analysis of liver extracts showed that PCC was completely absent from Pcca(-/-) mice but was restored to greater than wild-type levels after AAV gene therapy. The treated Pcca(-/-) mice also exhibited markedly reduced plasma levels of 2-methylcitrate compared with the untreated Pcca(-/-) mice, which indicates significant PCC enzymatic activity was provided by gene transfer. At the time of this report, the oldest treated Pcca(-/-) mice are over 6 months of age. In summary, AAV gene delivery of PCCA effectively rescues Pcca(-/-) mice from neonatal lethality and substantially ameliorates metabolic markers of the disease. These experiments demonstrate a gene transfer approach using AAV8 that might be used as a treatment for PA, a devastating and often lethal disorder desperately in need of new therapeutic options.
Highly Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Isonitramine (2012)

A new efficient enantioselective synthetic method of (+)-isonitramine is reported. (+)-Isonitramine was obtained in 12 steps (98% ee and 43% overall yield) from δ-valerolactam via enantioselective phase-transfer catalytic alkylation, Dieckman condensation, and diastereoselective reduction as key steps.
New Method for Predicting the Electromagnetic Field at a Finite Distance Using Fresnel Field Transformation (2008)

In this letter, we propose a new method to predict the field at the finite distance from a source antenna. The Fresnel fields measured using a far-field measurement system are transformed into the Fresnel or finite-distance far field, after multiplying with a weighting factor. To check the validity of this method, we compared the results with a simulated aperture antenna with uniform current distribution, as well as with an actual horn antenna. The transformed patterns agreed closely with the exact field patterns. The proposed method is very useful for predicting the electromagnetic field located out of chamber range in a far-field measurement system.
Intravenous adenosine in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: a dose‐ranging study and interaction with dipyridamole. (1986)

Increasing doses of adenosine were given by rapid intravenous bolus to seven patients with spontaneous supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine restored sinus rhythm in 10 of 14 episodes of narrow complex tachycardia. In those patients in whom adenosine produced only transient ventricular slowing the underlying rhythm was atrial flutter. Transient dyspnoea occurred in all patients. In two patients taking dipyridamole the mean dose of adenosine which produced an electrophysiologic effect (restoration of sinus rhythm or ventricular slowing to under 100 beats min-1) was 1.0 +/- 0.52 mg, whereas in other patients the mean dose was 8.8 +/- 2.6 mg, suggesting potentiation of the action of adenosine by dipyridamole.
ULTRAVIOLET SOLAR RADIATION MAP IN JAPAN : Durabilities of polymeric building materials (Part 1) (1987)

Ultraviolet solar radiation is known as one of the most serious degradation factors of the polymeric building materials such as plastics, roofings and paints. Authors measured hourly global u. v. solar radiation, U_<hour> (wavelength range of 305 〜 395 nm) in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref. at latitude 36°7'38" N and longitude 140°4'39" E for one year, and expressed as a function of hourly global entire radiation, S_<hour> (305 〜 2800 nm) and solar altitude, Z as follows : U_<hour> = AZ^<β_1> S_<hour> + BZ^<β_2>S<hour>α where A, B, α, β_1, β_2 are constants. Applying this equation to the solar energy calculated from the percentage of sunshine at 141 meteorological observatories in Japan, u. v. solar radiation energy can be estimated. Then contour lines of obtained monthly or yearly data are plotted. We can discuss the regional differeneses of the durabilities of polymeric building materials based on these maps.
Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity in Psoriasis (1987)

Conflicting data concerning the presence of enhanced serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) activity in psoriasis are reported in the literature. In order to verify whether this abnormality is a typical pattern of psoriasis, SACE levels were determined in 27 psoriatics as well as in 18 healthy subjects and in 30 patients with essential hypertension. We found that SACE levels were normal in patients affected by psoriasis independently of the presence or the absence of abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, SACE levels were not related to the severity of the skin lesions. We conclude that an elevated SACE activity is not a typical pattern of psoriasis, whereas, when present in a psoriatic, it might suggest the possibility of a coexisting unknown systemic sarcoidosis.
Electroosmotic Contaminant‐Removal Processes (1992)

Theoretical fluid transport and chemical‐reaction equations are presented for one‐ and two‐dimensional fluid flow induced by an electrical field. Laboratory column and two‐dimensional model studies examine electroosmosis (EO) as a method of contaminant removal from saturated clay. Experimental results are compared with theoretical fluid transport and chemical‐reaction relationships. Nutrient‐transport processes are evaluated as a precursor to potential in situ biological treatment of organic contaminants in fine‐grained soil. Laboratory studies are conducted with clay box models and with glass columns packed with low hydraulic‐conductivity soil, including Kaolin, glacial tills, and mixtures of sand and clay. Experimentation shows that saturated clay behaves as an electrochemical cell. Chemical reactions are driven by induced currents. Average flow rates in three‐dimensional systems can be predicted from soil column studies. Electroosmotic conductivity is proportional to soil porosity. Nutrient‐transport studies show the feasibility of nitrogen transport, and the inability to transport phosphorus through a soil medium. Nitrates are reduced to ammonia and phosphorus precipitated at column anodes.
Detection of Multidrug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)

We developed a DNA sequencing-based method to detect mutations in the genome of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is caused by mutations in restricted regions of the genome. Eight genome regions associated with drug resistance, including rpoB for rifampin (RIF), katG and the mabA (fabG1)-inhA promoter for isoniazid (INH), embB for ethambutol (EMB), pncA for pyrazinamide (PZA), rpsL and rrs for streptomycin (STR), and gyrA for levofloxacin, were amplified simultaneously by PCR, and the DNA sequences were determined. It took 6.5 h to complete all procedures. Among the 138 clinical isolates tested, 55 were resistant to at least one drug. Thirty-four of 38 INH-resistant isolates (89.5%), 28 of 28 RIF-resistant isolates (100%), 15 of 18 EMB-resistant isolates (83.3%), 18 of 30 STR-resistant isolates (60%), and 17 of 17 PZA-resistant isolates (100%) had mutations related to specific drug resistance. Eighteen of these mutations had not been reported previously. These novel mutations include one in rpoB, eight in katG, one in the mabA-inhA regulatory region, two in embB, five in pncA, and one in rrs. Escherichia coli isolates expressing individually five of the eight katG mutations showed loss of catalase and INH oxidation activities, and isolates carrying any of the five pncA mutations showed no pyrazinamidase activity, indicating that these mutations are associated with INH and PZA resistance, respectively. Our sequencing-based method was also useful for testing sputa from tuberculosis patients and for screening of mutations in Mycobacterium bovis. In conclusion, our new method is useful for rapid detection of multiple-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and for identifying novel mutations in drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Testosterone and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Study (2010)

The meta-analysis of the available cross-sectional data suggests that MetS can be considered an independent association of male hypogonadism. Although only few RCTs have been reported, TRT seems to improve metabolic control, as well as central obesity.
Hydraulic characteristics of a rectangular mixed-cell rearing unit (2000)

We describe a fish rearing unit modification that establishes mixed flow reactor (MFR) behavior in a rectangular vessel so as to eliminate metabolite concentration gradients, increase current velocities and improve solids scour at low water exchange rates. A standard raceway section 14.5 m long was modified to create six counter-rotating mixed cells, each 2.4 m wide by 2.4 m long. Cells receive water from vertical pipe sections extending to the tank floor and positioned in the corners of the cells. Vertical pipe sections were fabricated with jet ports that direct water into the cells tangentially to establish rotary circulation. Water exits each cell through a centrally located floor drain. Hydraulic characteristics of the tank are described based on an analysis of residence time distribution, current velocities and cell-to-cell water exchange rates. The latter was calculated based on a proposed hydraulics model and tracer concentrations established at a steady state. Vessel dispersion numbers measured with water exchange rates of 1.0 and 1.3 per hour, indicate tank performance approximates that of a MFR with the active tank volume representing 77.9–100% of total tank volume. Water velocities measured at 216 stations averaged 0.14, 0.12 and 0.12 m/s for the tank surface, mid-depth and near bottom regions. The benthic shear stress calculated given surface velocity was 0.04 N/m2. This was sufficient to scour and purge fecal solids produced by 2010 kg of lake trout that averaged 44.3 cm in total length. Cell interaction was significant with cell-to-cell exchange rates averaging 3.9 times the tank inflow rate. Energy requirements of the rearing unit were kept low (1.32 m water gauge pressure; 6.7 W/m3) through use of a large number of low velocity jets.
The ubiquitin system: an essential component to unlocking the secrets of malaria parasite biology (2014)

Exploration of the ubiquitin system in eukaryotes has shown that the chemical modification of proteins by ubiquitin, known as ubiquitylation, is an incredibly important post-translational event that is crucial to numerous cellular processes. Ubiquitylation is carried out by a series of enzymes that specifically target proteins to either change their activity or their location or earmark them for degradation. Using a wide range of genome-wide approaches, the ubiquitin system has been shown to be of particular importance in the survival and propagation of the human malaria parasites. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the ubiquitin system in Plasmodium, and discuss its possible role in the development of drug resistant malaria strains.
All about STDs. (1995)

In many developing countries, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the five common health problems for which people seek treatment. To combat the spread of STDs, many countries have implemented combined STD and HIV programs. This is practical because transmission of both HIV and other STDs is affected by similar social and economic factors. HIV and STDs also require the same kinds of education and prevention efforts. Several countries, such as Costa Rica, Thailand, and Zimbabwe have reported a reduction in curable STDs through prevention and control efforts, such as community-based and health education programs; effective and early treatment at affordable prices; training of primary level health workers; and reliable drug supplies, surveillance systems, and referral centers with diagnostic facilities. STD control can be achieved through prevention and education programs and early diagnosis and treatment of disease. WHO and other international agencies are now promoting the syndromic management approach, which enables health workers to diagnose and treat most STDs at the primary level.
Table S1- S2 from Circulating Cell-Free miR-375 as Surrogate Marker of Tumor Burden in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Information of MCC (Table S1) and non MCC cell lines (Table S2) used in the experiments.&lt;/p&gt;