gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Total disc prosthesis for painful degenerative lumbar disc disease]. (2008)

Lumbar disc prosthesis offers significant advantages in terms of functional improvement and increased quality of life in the surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease.
Primary Pleural Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Free-Ranging River Otter (Lontra canadensis) (2019)

An adult female North American river otter (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>) presented with multiple intrathoracic masses identified histologically as squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining patterns for high- molecular-weight keratin, p40, p63, calretinin, and TTF-1, along with the gross and histologic findings, indicated a primary pleural squamous cell carcinoma as the most likely diagnosis.
PI3K p110β Positively Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-12 Production in Human Macrophages and Dendritic Cells and JNK1 Plays a Novel Role (2009)

The PI3K family is thought to participate in TLR signaling, and it has been reported to be a negative regulator of TLR-mediated production of IL-12, a key inducer of Th1 responses. However, the role of individual PI3K subtypes in IL-12 production remains obscure. We defined the distinct regulation of LPS-mediated IL-12 production by p110alpha and p110beta catalytic subunits of PI3K in human APCs. We observed that knockdown of PI3K p110beta by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed both LPS-induced IL-12 protein production and mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Knockdown of PI3K p110alpha by siRNA reduced LPS-induced IL-12 protein production in both cell types. Conversely, knockdown of PI3K p110alpha suppressed LPS-induced IL-12 mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but minimally affected monocyte-derived DCs. PI3K p110beta siRNA inhibited JNK activation, but not p38 MAPK or ERK activation, stimulated by LPS, while PI3K p110alpha siRNA did not affect LPS-induced JNK, p38 MAPK, or ERK activation in both cell types. Transfection of siRNA against JNK1, JNK2, and both decreased LPS-induced IL-12 production. Furthermore, PI3K p110beta siRNA attenuated LPS-induced JNK1 phosphorylation, while not affecting JNK2 phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that PI3K p110beta positively controls LPS-induced IL-12 production through the JNK1-dependent pathway in human macrophages and DCs.
Synthetic biology in the analysis and engineering of signaling processes (2009)

Synthetic biology as the discipline of reconstructing natural and designing novel biological systems is gaining increasing impact in signaling science. This review article provides insight into synthetic approaches for analyzing and synthesizing signaling processes starting with strategies into how natural and pathological signaling pathways can be reconstructed in an evolutionary distant host to study their topology and function while avoiding interference with the original host background. In the second part we integrate synthetic strategies in the rewiring of signaling systems at the nucleic acid and protein level to reprogram cellular functions for biotechnological applications. The last part focuses on synthetic inter-cell and inter-species signaling devices and their integration into synthetic ecosystems to study fundamental mechanisms governing the co-existence of species. We finally address current bottlenecks in the (re-)design of signaling pathways and discuss future directions in signaling-related synthetic biology.
theta (logN) architectures for RNS arithmetic decoding (2003)

Decoding in residue-number-system (RNS)-based architectures can be a bottleneck. A high-speed, flexible modulo decoder is an essential computational element to maintain the advantages of RNS. A fast and flexible modulo decoder, based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT), is presented. It decodes a set of residues into its equivalent representation in either unsigned magnitude or two's-complement binary number system. Two different architectures are analyzed: the first one uses carry-save adders, and the other uses modified structure carry-save adders. Both architectures are modular and are based on simple cells, which leads to efficient VLSI implementation. The decoder has a time complexity of theta (log N).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Applying the Affinity Research Group model to computer science research projects (2002)

The Affinity Research Group model provides students with opportunities to learn, use, and integrate the knowledge and skills required for research with the knowledge and skills required for cooperative work. Although a conceptually attractive vehicle with which to involve undergraduates in research, retain them, and foster their interest in higher education, an often posed question relates to the feasibility of applying the model in a field like computer science, in which it is often the case that a solid academic foundation is required in order for a student to be involved in research. This paper addresses this question by describing how the model has been applied to computer science research projects that involve students with different skill levels and experience. In particular, it presents example structured tasks and related activities that illustrate how students develop domain expertise, gain an understanding and appreciation of the research process and its practice, and acquire team, communication, problem-solving, and higher-level thinking skills.
Psychoacoustically Optimal Sigma-Delta Modulation (1997)

A psychoacoustically optimal sigma-delta modulator (SDM) possesses a noise floor with a power spectral density that is invariant with input signal characteristics, and which is also minimally audible. While SDM idle tones and noise modulation can be efficiently eliminated using dither, the noise floor can be made minimally audible by forcing the noise-shaping characteristic to follow the threshold of hearing. Such an action is possible by appropriate control of noise-shaping zero locations, and has the benefit of increasing the perceived resolution of a given modulator design. Alternatively, for a given perceived resolution, psychoacoustically optimal zero locations allow a reduction in oversampling factor or modulator order, or both. Optimal zero locations and associated enhancements in perceived resolution are determined for SDM orders ranging between 1 and 8.
Table S1 from Dynamic Mutational Landscape of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulating Tumor DNA and Predictors of Survival after Proton Craniospinal Irradiation for Leptomeningeal Metastases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Read sequencing depth by sample&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: PYRYLOCYANINES. 12. UNSYMMETRICAL PYRYLO‐2‐CYANINES (1980)

Abstract Unsymmetrische Pyrylocarbocyanine (IIIa) und (IIIb) erhält man aus dem Pyryliumsalz (I) und den Formylmethylenverbindungen (II).
Optimal Control of Interplanetary Trajectories Using Electrical Propulsion with Discrete Thrust Levels (2002)

This work proposes a solution to the optimal closed-loop trajectory control of interplanetary missions, with solar-electric propulsion system that provides discrete thrust levels. The solution is either suitable to the case of discrete multi-level electrical engine, or a cluster of several unidirectional engines. The objective is to guide the spacecraft from an initial state to a final state (position and velocity) at an exact given time, with minimum fuel expenditure. The optimization is based on the approach of optimal trajectory: given a nominal trajectory (close to, but not necessarily the optimal one), the objective is to control the spacecraft along an optimal neighboring trajectory. In this approach, when a deviation from the planned trajectory is developed, a new neighboring optimal trajectory is calculated to obtain the required end-condition, while beginning at the current point. Using this approach, we assure lower fuel consumption, comparing to another control policy that tries to maintain uncompromisingly a nominal optimal trajectory. The paper presents the development of the control law for this problem. An efficient algorithm for the numerical solution of the optimal controller is proposed and demonstrated for two examples: correction of satellite orbit around the moon, and an interplanetary rendezvous mission to Mercury.
Isolation and developmental expression of male reproductive organ‐specific genes in a dioecious campion, Melandrium album (Silene latifolia) (1996)

The dioecious campion Melandrium album (Silene latifolia) has sex chromosomes, and male and female plants form different unisexual flowers. The very youngest buds have both sex organs but the development of either a gynoecium in the male bud or stamens in the female bud is arrested as the bud matures. To examine the molecular mechanism of male-specific differentiation, a cDNA library from male buds was differentially screened with cDNA from male and female buds. Four male reproductive organspecific cDNAs (corresponding to genes designated MROS1, MROS2, MROS3 and MROS4, respectively) were isolated. Northern blot analysis showed that the transcripts of MROS genes were expressed only in male reproductive organs. The transcripts of MROS3 and MROS4 accumulated in the early buds, while transcripts of MROS1 and MROS2 accumulated in the late buds and in the anthers of open flowers. The putative MROS2 protein has glycine-rich regions, while the putative MROS3 protein exhibits no similarity to known proteins. Genomic Southern blot analysis showed that male and female genomes included MROS2 and MROS3 genes. Non-radioactive in situ hybridization revealed the localization of the transcripts of MROS2 and MROS3 in male buds. MROS3 mRNA was distributed throughout the tapetum. After MROS2 mRNA had accumulated in the epidermis and the endothecium near the stomium, the accumulation of the mRNA increased significantly in the mature pollen. MROS2 seems to be a novel anther-specific gene that functions in dehiscence of anthers and the maturation of pollen.
Arrhythmogenic Action of Thrombin During Myocardial Reperfusion via Release of Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate (1996)

This study demonstrates that the development of reperfusion arrhythmias under these conditions depends on the release of Ins(1,4,5)P3.
An optimization approach to order of magnitude reasoning (1994)

Abstract An approach for transforming the order of magnitude relation between two variables into an algebraic equality or inequality constraint is provided. In order to derive the order of magnitude relation between any two variables, a nonlinear optimization problem is solved for the minimum and maximum values of the ratio between the two variables, subject to two classes of constraints. The first class of constraints corresponds to the quantitative model and the second class of constraints corresponds to the qualitative model. The optimization approach is shown to provide more precise inferences as compared to the conventional constraint satisfaction approaches. Moreover, this approach provides a crucial step in developing unified frameworks that allow the incorporation of qualitative information at various levels of abstraction into numerical frameworks used for reasoning with quantitative models.
Secondary Tracheoesophageal Puncture With In-Office Transnasal Esophagoscopy (2009)

In-office TNE-assisted TEP placement can safely be performed, with excellent speech outcomes. Reconstruction with musculocutaneous or microvascular free-tissue transfer did not limit our ability to place secondary TEPs with TNE.
Intranasal Lidocaine for Treatment of Migraine (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I am concerned that the study by Dr Maizels et al<sup>,</sup>which shows efficacy for intranasal lidocaine in the treatment of migraine headaches, is a demonstration of the ability of therapy to show a positive response rate when the treatment and placebo are not equivalent. This is an important issue regarding this double-blind randomized controlled study, because intranasal lidocaine is highly irritative and can easily be distinguished from the relatively benign and comfortable instillation of saline that was used as a control. It is reasonable to expect that the treatment that causes more irritation might cause a higher placebo response rate, as has been demonstrated in several reviews of placebo pharmacology.<sup>3,4</sup>Patients tend to perceive larger capsules of placebo as being stronger than smaller ones, 2 placebo capsules as producing stronger effects than just 1,<sup>2</sup>and injections as producing larger placebo effects than pills.<sup>3,4</sup> The literature on
THE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF BRUSH-PLATED Ni-W-Co/SiC COMPOSITE LAYER WITH OIL LUBRICATION (2005)

The wear behavior of brush-plating a Ni-W-Co/SiC composite layer on 1045 steel with oil lubrication is investigated. The composite layer is determined by OM, XRD and TEM. The worn surface of the plated layer is observed with SEM and laser profile analysis. The composition and average size of worn debris are analyzed by means of ferrograph and fluid spectrum. The results show that the brush-plated composite layer with added SiC particles reveals high wear resistance compared to the Ni-W-Co brush-plated layer.
Table S2 from Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Preexisting Drug-Resistant Subpopulation in the Luminal Breast Cancer Subtype (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2. Characteristic of clinical samples&lt;/p&gt;
Coordination and valence of europium in [Eu({alpha}-2-As{sub 2}W{sub 17}O{sub 61}){sub 2}]{sup 17{minus}} and [Eu(W{sub 5}O{sub 18}){sub 2}]{sup 9{minus}} (1997)

Europium L{sub 3}-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroelectrochemistry was used to determine the valence of europium in [Eu({alpha}-2-As{sub 2}W{sub 17}O{sub 61}){sub 2}]{sup 17{minus}} and [Eu(w{sub 5}O{sub 18}){sub 2}]{sup 9{minus}}. Dilute solutions of these anions in aqueous supporting electrolytes were examined at ambient temperature and at extreme potentials. In situ XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) data revealed that Eu is trivalent in both [Eu({alpha}-2-As{sub 2}W{sub 17}O{sub 61}){sub 2}]{sup 17{minus}} and [Eu(W{sub 5}O{sub 18}){sub 2}]{sup 9{minus}} at rest potential. Furthermore, it was not reduced to Eu{sup 2+} by constant-potential bulk electrolysis at significantly reducing potentials under the electrochemical conditions used herein. These results stand in obvious contrast to the redox behavior of [EuP{sub 5}W{sub 30}O{sub 110}]{sup 12{minus}}, in which Eu{sup 3+} is reduced to Eu{sup 2+} under similar electrochemical conditions.
EXTRACTION OF PROTEIN FROM CHLOROPLASTS ISOLATED FROM ALFALFA LEAF (1980)

Relatively intact chloroplasts were isolated from alfalfa leaf. It was determined that the chloroplasts accounted for an average of 39.2% of the total nitrogen in the leaf tissue. When extracted with Tris-sucrose buffer, approximately 55% of the chloroplastic nitrogen was insoluble, some 28% was soluble, and approximately 16% was nonprotein nitrogen. Thus approximately 11% of the total crude nitrogen of alfalfa leaf comes from soluble protein of the chloroplasts. During the normal process of tissue disruption to extract leaf proteins this chloroplastic soluble protein, or a good part of it, would be included in the pool of leaf soluble proteins. The distribution of nitrogen between the insoluble and soluble protein fractions and the NPN fractions was determined by extraction into a Tris-sucrose buffer solution after sonication. Triton X-100, sodium desoxy-cholate, sodium trichloracetate, sodium perchlorate, trypsin, and phospholipase A were tested for their efficacy in converting insoluble to soluble nitrogen. All of these agents except phospholipase gave some improvement in the extraction of nitrogen from the chloroplasts. The, greatest increase was given by the chaotropic agent, sodium perchlorate. The perchlorate, however, interfered with the micro-Kjeldahl procedure for nitrogen determination. Therefore, the solution had to be dialyzed before protein could be determined. Considerable amounts of NPN were obtained after dialysis which could have been produced by the action of proteolytic enzymes during the extended period required for the dialysis procedure. Trypsin increased the extraction but produced excessive amounts of NPN.
Gaucher disease: N370S glucocerebrosidase gene frequency in the Portuguese population (1994)

In the Portuguese population the most frequent form of Gaucher disease is type 1. The N370S glucocerebrosidase gene mutation accounts for 63% of mutated alleles. The frequency of this mutation was accurately determined in the Portuguese population, which does not present an Ashkenazi Jewish genetic background. A gene frequency of 0.0043, with 95% confidence limits between 0.0023 and 0.0063, was obtained studying the genomic DNA of 2000 blood cards randomly sampled from the national neonatal screening program. On the basis of this frequency a significantly high number of homozygotes for the N370S mutation should be expected in the Portuguese population. This finding supports the idea that the majority of homozygotes for this mutation present a very mild clinical phenotype and remain undiagnosed.
Universal domain wall dynamics under electric field in Ta/CoFeB/MgO devices with perpendicular anisotropy (2016)

Electric field effects in ferromagnetic metal/dielectric structures provide a new route to control domain wall dynamics with low-power dissipation. However, electric field effects on domain wall velocities have only been observed so far in the creep regime where domain wall velocities are low due to strong interactions with pinning sites. Here we show gate voltage modulation of domain wall velocities ranging from the creep to the flow regime in Ta/Co<sub>40</sub>Fe<sub>40</sub>B<sub>20</sub>/MgO/TiO<sub>2</sub> structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We demonstrate a universal description of the role of applied electric fields in the various pinning-dependent regimes by taking into account an effective magnetic field being linear with the electric field. In addition, the electric field effect is found to change sign in the Walker regime. Our results are consistent with voltage-induced modification of magnetic anisotropy. Our work opens new opportunities for the study and optimization of electric field effect at ferromagnetic metal/insulator interfaces.
Influence of Filter Operating Parameters on Fine Dust Emissions from Pulse‐Cleaned Filter Bags (2015)

Abstract Dust emission and operating behavior of a pilot baghouse filter operated in Δp‐ controlled mode were investigated for a range of tank pressures and different cleaning sequences at filter ages up to 5000 cycles. The emitted mass per cycle decreased by one order of magnitude with filter age and fourfold with decreasing pulse intensity. Cycle times also were reduced with cleaning intensity by one order of magnitude. There was no decisive advantage of increasing or lowering the cleaning intensity with regard to emitted concentration. In the long run, stable operation is crucial to maintain low emissions because a significant shortening of filter cycles would outweigh any decrease in emissions with filter age.
Positive and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra of amino acid carboxy-n-butyl EsterN-Pentafluoropropionate Derivatives (1984)

The positive and negative chemical ionization mass spectra of 29 amino acid carboxy-n-butyl ester N-(O,S)-Pentafluoropropionate derivatives hae been determined. The positive ion (PI) mass spectra conform to the expected fragmentation patterns for this amino acid derivative but their methane negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectra displayed marked differences between various amino acid classes and bvetween positional isomers within the same class. Isomeric butyric acid (α, β and γ) and tyrosine (o, m amd p-hydroxylation) derivatives all had remarkably difterent NICI mass spectra. Aliphatic amino acid CO2-n-butyl-N-PFP derivatives (except glycine) can be readily recognized by a characteristic fragmentation process corresponding to [M–H–C4CO2H]−. Deuterium labellung studies were used to delineate some of the major NICI fragmentation processes. While the PICI mass spectra all gave comparable detection responses differences were observed with various amino acids when operating in the NICI mode. The order of sensitivity of detection for six representative amino acid-carboxy-n-butyl-N-PFP derivatives were: hydroxyproline > lysine > cysteine > glycine=leucine=methionine in the ratio of 100:20:7:1. In PICI mass spectrometry derivatized leucine yielded a response 25 times less than its NICI mass spectrometric value.
An exploration of real-time environmental interventions for care of dementia patients in assistive living (2010)

Patients in the early stages of dementia are often subject to a variety of dangerous symptoms and behaviors including depression, wandering, and aggression. These conditions severely influence both quality of life and the degree of caretaker intervention that is necessary. Non-pharmacological interventions can alleviate these symptoms in some cases and are preferred as an alternative to medication when possible. This paper explores alternatives to the traditional definition of intervention, wherein the involvement of a caregiver is assumed, using a new modality wherein interventions are automatically instigated in response to conditions detected by physiological and behavioral measures. The environment is automatically manipulated in these methods in response to detected symptoms, intervening without the immediate assistance of a caregiver.
Multiscale Mesh Adaptation for Transonic Aeroelastic Flutter Problems (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2700.vid This work applies multiscale mesh adaptation with refine to reduce spatial discretization error of aeroelastic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Benchmark flutter models, such as the pitch and plunge NACA64A-010 airfoil and the benchmark supercritical wing, are studied with both a linearized frequency-domain solver and time-marching CFD coupled to a modal structural solver in FUN3D. The undeformed NASA Common Research Model (CRM), an aeroelastic jig shape variant of the CRM, is also studied with the linearized frequency-domain approach. For these cases, the adaptation process converges to comparable flutter predictions to hand-generated meshes but with smaller node counts. However the additional disciplines of the linearized frequency-domain analysis, the mesh deformation, and the unsteady finite-volume solver create robustness challenges that need to be addressed before it can be applied as a fully automated process for complex transonic aeroelastic problems. In particular, negative volumes are observed to be an issue for FUN3D's linear elasticity mesh deformation solver when moving the adapted meshes.
Field-induced conformational changes in bimetallic oligoaniline junctions (2007)

We report three types of nonplanar conformations, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $\ensuremath{\beta}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, for a neutral isolated oligoaniline molecule as well as for an oligoaniline with Au and Pd atoms attached at its ends. Each type of conformation has several conformers of nearly equal energies. An applied external voltage can be used to switch between conformations, producing in the process a sharp decrease of their energies. These bias voltage-induced conformational changes are a potential switching mechanism for two terminal molecular devices at the nanoscale domain. They cause the conductivity of the molecule to alternate between high and low states, compensating for the behavior of typical three-terminal devices, needed for the development of a gate-less electronics.