gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Atroposelective Synthesis of MRTX1719: An Inhibitor of the PRMT5/MTA Complex (2023)

MRTX1719 was identified as a potent inhibitor of the PRMT5/MTA complex, designed to selectively target MTAP-deleted cancers. A scalable synthesis of this atropisomeric compound and an efficient isolation of the desired isomer were required to support Phase 1 clinical trials, and this was established through further development of the racemic medicinal chemistry route. In the key step, the desired (M)-atropisomer of MRTX1719 was amplified from racemic API by combining crystallization (20 °C) and racemization (160 °C, 4 min). Concurrent execution of these, ostensibly incompatible, operations was enabled by a continuous flow setup (SPACE = Simultaneous Processing of Antagonistic Chemical Events) providing 98.4% e.e. of (M)-atropisomer in 75% yield from racemic API on 12 kg scale. Process development targeting earlier steps of the API synthesis led to several impactful revisions including desymmetrization of 4-chlorobenzamide to access the 6-substituted-4-(aminomethyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one ring system, improved borylation conditions (Suzuki–Miyaura or photocatalytic), and demonstration of an economically viable route to the challenging pentasubstituted benzene from 1,4-difluorobenzene and cyclopropyl methyl ketone.
Electrochemical Properties of Dopants and the D‐C Dynamic Scattering of a Nematic Liquid Crystal (1977)

Flow of liquid crystal from one electrode to the other was observed during dynamic scattering of a phenyl benzoate nematic liquid crystal. The direction of the flow depended upon the electrochemical properties of dopants. The flow was from cathode to anode when the dopant was an electron acceptor, and vice versa when the dopant was a donor. A redox dopant gave distinctively different d‐c dynamic scattering patterns from a salt dopant, and did not give the Williams domain pattern which was observed with a salt dopant. Charge conduction mechanisms through the liquid crystal are discussed in terms of the electrode reactions of the liquid crystal components and the dopants.
Hydex Glass: a CMOS Compatible Platform for Integrated Waveguide Structures for Nonlinear Optics (2015)

Integrated photonic technologies are rapidly becoming an important and fundamental milestone for wideband optical telecommunications. Future optical networks have several critical requirements, including low energy consumption, high efficiency, greater bandwidth and flexibility, which must be addressed in a compact form factor.
Cleaved but not endogenous secretory RAGE is associated with outcome in acute ischemic stroke (2015)

The plasma level of cRAGE at <48 hours after IS, rather than esRAGE, is a significant predictor of acute IS outcome.
Thermal annealing of Si/SiO2 materials: Modification of structural and photoluminescence emission properties (2002)

We comparatively study two conventional types of Si/SiO2 materials, Si/SiO2 superlattices (SLs) and Si-rich silica (SiOx) films, prepared with a molecular beam deposition method. Raman scattering, photoluminescence (PL), ultraviolet-visible-infrared absorption, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies are employed to characterize the samples. The results show clear parallelism in microstructure and emitting properties of Si/SiO2 SLs and SiOx films. The as-grown material is amorphous, and disordered Si areas are seen in Raman spectra for samples with higher Si contents. Annealing at 1150 °C in nitrogen atmosphere leads to ordering of the Si grains and the typical crystalline size is estimated to be 3–4 nm. For all samples, an annealing-induced increase of PL at ∼1.6 eV is observed, and its resulting position is quite independent of the initial sample architecture. Furthermore, this PL is practically identical for continuous wave and pulsed excitation at 488 nm as well as for pulsed excitation at various wavelengths (266–488 nm), and the order of PL lifetimes is 1–10 μs. No correlation between the crystallite concentration and the PL intensity for the annealed samples is found, and the strongest PL was obtained for two samples with less defined crystallization. The origin of the annealing-induced 1.6 eV PL band is discussed.
Challenges in Preparation of Albumin Nanoparticle-Based Radiopharmaceuticals (2022)

Albumin nanocolloids have been used as radiopharmaceuticals for more than 40 years. Their main use is in lymphoscintigraphy and the detection of the sentinel lymph node as part of the surgical treatment of a variety of solid tumours. The main licensed products are labelled with the gamma emitter technetium-99m. Recently, two analogues labelled with positron emitters have been reported, using gallium-68 and zirconium-89. For about 10 years, there has been interest in dual-modal agents with both radioactive and fluorescent labels to improve the localisation of the sentinel lymph node. Indocyanine green (ICG) has been the most widely used fluorescent label, largely due to its availability as a licensed agent and its ease of application. The further development of alternative radiolabels or improved fluorescent tags will require investment in the development and licensing. There is also a vast potential for the targeting of albumin nanocolloids using existing strategies, which could be promising for the development of both diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Field modulation of Rydberg-state populations of NO studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging (2010)

Femtosecond time-resolved velocity map imaging combined with multiphoton ionization was applied to study the optical field modulation of NO Rydberg-state populations. The $A {}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$($\ensuremath{\upsilon}=2$) state is populated by absorption of one $271$-nm photon. Two peaks in the photoelectron kinetic energy spectra, centered at $0.82$ and $2.35$ eV, are caused by ionization from the $A {}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$($\ensuremath{\upsilon}=2$) state by time-delayed one-color and two-color multiphoton ionization, respectively. In the overlap region of the pump and probe light, the $C {}^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$($\ensuremath{\upsilon}=4$) state is populated by a $1+{1}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ excitation. When the pump laser intensity is increased, other Rydberg states ($E {}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$, $F {}^{2}\ensuremath{\Delta}$, and $D {}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$) are moved into resonance by a laser-induced Stark shift. These states can be populated only within the temporal overlap region of the pump and probe light. When the intensity of the pump laser is higher than $2.9$ $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ ${10}^{12}$ W/cm${}^{2}$, Rydberg-valence coupling between the $A {}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$($\ensuremath{\upsilon}=2$) and $B {}^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$($\ensuremath{\upsilon}=4$) states may play a key role, resulting in photoelectrons with kinetic energy of $0.37$ eV. The coupling strength increases with increasing pump laser intensity.
New security notions and relations for public-key encryption (2012)

Since their introduction, the notions of indistinguishability and non-malleability have been changed and extended by different authors to support different goals. In this paper, we propose new flavors of these notions, investigate their relative strengths with respect to previous notions, and provide the full picture of relationships (i.e., implications and separations) among the security notions for public-key encryption schemes. We take into account the two general security goals of indistinguishability and non-malleability, each in the message space, key space, and hybrid message-key space to find six specific goals, a couple of them, namely complete indistinguishability and key non-malleability, are new. Then for each pair of goals, coming from the indistinguishability or non-malleability classes, we prove either an implication or a separation, completing the full picture of relationships among all these security notions. The implications and separations are respectively supported by formal proofs (i.e., reductions) in the concrete-security framework and by counterexamples.
Low temperature thermoelectric properties of p-type doped single-crystalline SnSe (2018)

SnSe single crystals have been widely studied lately as a result of their record high ZT and controversial low thermal conductivity. Much research has focused on the high-temperature properties of single crystals and polycrystalline SnSe, but few studies were carried out on the low-temperature properties of doped single-crystalline SnSe. To study the mechanism of the charge carrier and phonon scattering, and to eliminate the ambiguity of the high temperature thermal conductivity measurement, we performed low temperature transport characterization of Na-doped and Ag-doped single-crystalline SnSe by a longitudinal steady-state technique. The electronic transport property measurements suggest that Na is a more efficient p-type dopant in SnSe than Ag. In the thermal conductivity data, we observe pronounced dielectric peak around 10 K with magnitude dependent on the doping level. In the p-type doped samples, we found that our room temperature lattice thermal conductivities (&amp;gt;1.74 W m−1 K−1) are in general higher than those previously reported. Based on these findings, our study implies that the lattice thermal conductivity values of doped and pure single-crystalline SnSe were underestimated.
Nonlocal temporal correlation identification of entangled photon pairs for quantum clock synchronization (2019)

The ability to identify the correlation in the remotely departed entangled photon pairs is critical to measure the time difference for subsequent synchronization between independent time scales. The first remote correlation detection was reported in 2009, which extracts the time difference via the algorithm of iterative fast Fourier transformations (FFTs) and their inverse. Based on this algorithm, the resolution is restricted due to the pre-processing program of the time sequences. In this paper an improved algorithm is proposed both in the resolution and time difference precision, which realizes well-performed coincidence identification with a flexible resolution down to 1 ps. With a common time scale reference, the measured time offset between two timing signals detected nonlocally has achieved a standard deviation of 0.72 ps. This implementation provides a solid basis for the applications of entanglement-based quantum technologies in the systems of high-precision clock synchronization, ranging system and quantum communications.
Fluid Dynamics (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluid DynamicsA. K. Oppenheim and Thomas BaronCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 5, 922–931Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50533a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50533a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Clinical, biochemical, and genetic features in familial disorders of high density lipoprotein deficiency. (1984)

This review assesses current knowledge of the clinical, genetic, and biochemical features of familial high density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency syndromes. The focus is on HDL deficiency states occurring in the absence of severe hypertriglyceridemia or lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. Specific entities falling within this category include Tangier disease, familial HDL deficiency with planar xanthomas, familial apolipoprotein A-I and C-III deficiency (formerly known as apolipoprotein A-I absence), familial deficiency of apolipoprotein A-I and C-III, fish-eye disease, familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and apolipoprotein A-I variants (apo A-I Milano, apo A-I Marburg, apo A-I Giessen, and apo A-I Munster 1-3). Diffuse corneal opacification and premature coronary artery disease are common features in many of these kindreds. No striking clinical abnormalities have been noted in patients with currently known apolipoprotein A-I variants, possibly because these subjects are heterozygotes for their respective defects. The HDL deficiency in many of these disorders has been associated with abnormalities or deficiencies of apolipoprotein A-I. Further research will undoubtedly define the defects in all the disorders that have been described, uncover new mutations, as well as provide additional insights into the precise relationship between HDL deficiency and atherosclerosis.
Tunable green upconversion erbium fibre laser (1992)

50mW of green power and slope efficiency against launched pump power of 15% have been obtained at room temperature in an erbium doped fluorozirconate fibre pumped at 0.97μm. Lasing tunability domain, pump wavelength tunability and the role of colasing at 1.55μm are described.
A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data (2021)

We studied whether inhibition of testosterone could diminish COVID-19 symptoms. We found no evidence of an effect in a clinical study or in epidemiological or experimental investigations. We conclude that androgen inhibition should not be used for prevention or treatment of COVID-19.
Effects of TKX ‐50 on the Performance of Solid Propellants and Explosives (2023)

The development of high-energy materials, which are insensitive, is a goal of many researchers. Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50), is an example of a promising energetic material (EM) with good thermal stability, performance, and insensitivity, and has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers all over the world. The physicochemical performance of TKX-50 is summarized, and compared with those of other EMs. The compatibilities of TKX-50/CL-20, TKX-50/HMX, and TKX-50/pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) co-crystals, as well as of TKX-50/glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), TKX-50/ammonium perchlorate (AP) and TKX-50/graphene oxide (GO) mixtures are reviewed, and the stabilities intensively analyzed using thermal decomposition techniques. Furthermore, the energetic properties of solid propellants containing different mass fractions of TKX-50 particles are evaluated, and in addition, several analytical techniques have been used to monitor the stability of nitrate ester-based EMs as well. The aim of this work is predominantly to provide a current review on the influence of TKX-50 on the combustion, stability, and detonation performance of solid propellants and explosives. In addition, the current and future prospects for TKX-50 are discussed and summarized, and a critical and analytical examination of its advantages and drawbacks is made.
Direct monitoring of the conformational equilibria of the activation loop in the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38α (2018)

Conformational transitions in protein kinases are crucial for the biological function of these enzymes. Here, we characterize and assess conformational equilibria of the activation loop and the effect of small molecule inhibitors in the MAP kinase p38α. Our work experimentally revealed the existence of a two-state equilibrium for p38α while the addition of inhibitors shifts the equilibrium between these two states.
Mechanisms classification for glycoside hydrolases by sequence and structure features using computational methods (2014)

Glycoside Hydrolases (GHs) have played key roles in the development of biofuels as well as many other industries. Research aimed at accurate classification of catalytic mechanisms to increase the catalytic activity of GHs is receiving extensive attention. The traditional theories or methods used in the study of catalytic mechanisms of GHs are limited by reaction conditions. They are not suitable for the study of various GHs because different enzymes would show devious physicochemical properties. In this paper, a new method is proposed to classify and predict the catalytic mechanism of a certain glycoside hydrolase according to their sequence and structure features using k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB) Classifier and the Multilayer Perception (MLP) Classifier. The classification performance of the four computational methods used were evaluated and compared. Experimental results show that each classifier has its own advantages, but the kNN classifier is more accurate at the overall level. This research also helps us to gain a better understanding of the catalytic mechanisms in different GHs.
The Application of MIMO to Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (2015)

This paper considers the application of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. A new design of precoding and detection matrices for MIMO-NOMA is proposed and its performance is analyzed for the case with a fixed set of power allocation coefficients. To further improve the performance gap between MIMO-NOMA and conventional orthogonal multiple access schemes, user pairing is applied to NOMA and its impact on the system performance is characterized. More sophisticated choices of power allocation coefficients are also proposed to meet various quality of service requirements. Finally computer simulation results are provided to facilitate the performance evaluation of MIMO-NOMA and also demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical results.
Affinity chromatography of brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase using 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionyl-substituted calmodulin linked to thiol-Sepharose (1983)

[3-(2-Pyridylthio)propionyl]calmodulin (PDP-CaM), an activated thiol derivative of calmodulin (CaM), was synthesized. Preparations of this derivative containing an average of 2.8 mol of substituent/mol of protein activated purified cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in a manner indistinguishable from that of native CaM. PDP-CaM was covalently coupled to free thiol-Sepharose 4B through formation of a stable mixed disulfide bond for use in affinity chromatography. The binding capacity of the disulfide-linked CaM-Sepharose for phosphodiesterase activity was proportional to substituent level up to 4 mg of CaM/mL of gel; the total capacity of the gel for binding phosphodiesterase was 4 times that of CNBr-coupled CaM-Sepharose. Quantitative recovery was achieved by desorption of both ligand and bound proteins with a reducing agent. The thiolated CaM derivative was then separated from phosphodiesterase by rapid gel filtration; the overall recovery of phosphodiesterase activity was greater than 70%. Preparations of homogeneous enzyme in good yield were obtained after a second chromatography step on CaM-Sepharose. Binding and recovery of phosphodiesterase activity were entirely reproducible, since each preparation of affinity gel was used only once. As it permits separation of interacting species in free solution, this general method may be useful with other ligands for increasing yields from affinity chromatography, particularly when dissociation of molecules in their matrix-bound conformation may be difficult to achieve.
Exploring Diversification In Non-factoid Question Answering (2018)

Retrieving short, precise answers to non-factoid queries is an increasingly important task, especially for mobile and voice search. Many of these questions may have multiple or alternative answers. In an environment where answers are presented incrementally, this raises the question of how to generate a diverse ranking to cover these alternatives. Existing search diversification algorithms generate diverse document rankings using explicit or implicit methods based on topical similarity. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of applying these existing document diversification frameworks to the problem of answer diversification to determine if topical diversity is related to answer diversity. Using two common diversification algorithms, xQUAD and PM-2, and three question answering test collections, we show that topic diversification can help to generate more effective rankings but is not consistent across different queries and test collections.
What can quantum theory bring to information retrieval (2010)

The probabilistic formalism of quantum physics is said to provide a sound basis for building a principled information retrieval framework. Such a framework can be based on the notion of information need vector spaces where events, such as document relevance or observed user interactions, correspond to subspaces. As in quantum theory, a probability distribution over these subspaces is defined through weighted sets of state vectors (density operators), and used to represent the current view of the retrieval system on the user information need. Tensor spaces can be used to capture different aspects of information needs. Our evaluation shows that the framework can lead to acceptable performance in an ad-hoc retrieval task. Going beyond this, we discuss the potential of the framework for three active challenges in information retrieval, namely, interaction, novelty and diversity.
Optical ranging and time transfer calibration on the CubeSat Laser Infrared CrosslinK mission (2023)

This work presents a novel calibration method for time transfer and ranging systems.The CLICK-B/C design uses a shared aperture for transmit and receive, and optical isolation is achieved using free-space dichroics and band-pass filters.During calibration, the transmitter is tuned close to the receiver assigned wavelength, bypassing filtering during calibration.The receiver is able to measure the outgoing signal due to internal reflections on the telescope lenses.The transmitter and receiver delays can then be subtracted from time of flight, eliminating delay uncertainties arising from all components of the transmitter and receiver, with minimal change in their operating conditions.Thanks to the high repetition rates of communication links, more than 10 MHz, this method could lead to millimeter-level absolute ranging, as well as time transfer accuracy in the low picoseconds, enabling new applications and advances in space radio interferometry, GPS-denied navigation, and time synchronization for synthetic aperture telescopes.