gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunocompatibility of Bacteriophages as Nanomedicines (2012)

Bacteriophage-based medical research provides the opportunity to develop targeted nanomedicines with heightened efficiency and safety profiles. Filamentous phages also can and have been formulated as targeted drug-delivery nanomedicines, and phage may also serve as promising alternatives/complements to antibiotics. Over the past decade the use of phage for both the prophylaxis and the treatment of bacterial infection, has gained special significance in view of a dramatic rise in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. Two potential medical applications of phages are the treatment of bacterial infections and their use as immunizing agents in diagnosis and monitoring patients with immunodeficiencies. Recently, phages have been employed as gene-delivery vectors (phage nanomedicine), for nearly half a century as tools in genetic research, for about two decades as tools for the discovery of specific target-binding proteins and peptides, and for almost a decade as tools for vaccine development. As phage applications to human therapeutic development grow at an exponential rate, it will become essential to evaluate host immune responses to initial and repetitive challenges by therapeutic phage in order to develop phage therapies that offer suitable utility. This paper examines and discusses phage nanomedicine applications and the immunomodulatory effects of bacteriophage exposure and treatment modalities.
Ferroelectric liquid crystal materials synthesized from 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutyloxy]propanol (1993)

Abstract A new chiral alcohol, 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutyloxy]propanol (3), containing two chiral centres has been synthesized from ethyl lactate and (S)-1-iodo-2-methylbutane. It was used as a chiral building block for the preparation of ferroelectric liquid crystal materials. Several of the new materials exhibit an enantiotropic S*c phase with a wide temperature range. The results indicate that the molecular structure of 3 is useful for synthesizing ferroelectric liquid crystal materials.
Bulk Incorporation of Molecular Dopants into Ruddlesden–Popper Organic Metal–Halide Perovskites for Charge Transfer Doping (2023)

Abstract Organic metal‐halide perovskites (OHPs) have recently attracted much attention as next‐generation semiconducting materials due to their outstanding opto‐electrical properties. However, OHPs currently suffer from the lack of efficient doping methods, while the traditional method of atomistic doping having clear limitations in the achievable doping range. While doping with molecular dopants, has been suggested as a solution to this problem, the action of these dopants is typically restricted to perovskite surfaces, therefore significantly reducing their doping potential. In this study, successful bulk inclusion of “magic blue”, a molecular dopant, into 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites is reported. This doping strategy of immersing the perovskite film in dopant solution increases the electrical current up to ≈60 times while maintaining clean film surface. A full mechanistic picture of such immersion doping is provided, in which the solvent molecule facilitates bulk diffusion of dopant molecule inside the organic spacer layer. Physical criteria for judicious choice of solvents in immersion doping are developed based on readily available solvent properties. The immersion doping method developed in this study that enables bulk molecular doping in OHPs will provide a strategic doping methodology for controlling electrical properties of OHPs for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
The Desire for Sexual Transformation: A Psychiatric Evaluation of Transsexualism (1969)

In this author's view, an individual's wish for sexual transformation (transsexualism) does not constitute an independent diagnostic category. It is found in association with several clinical conditions and is a consequence of the inability to develop appropriate gender identity in accordance with anatomy. The transsexual desperately seeks radical surgical procedures and endocrinological treatment. In this author's opinion, however, such surgical intervention constitutes a sanctioning of the transsexual's pathological view of reality and cannot resolve the underlying conflict.
14-3-3 zeta protein secreted by tumor associated monocytes/macrophages from ascites of epithelial ovarian cancer patients (2008)

Tumor associated monocytes/macrophages (MO/MA) are known contributors to the immune-inflammatory cell environment of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). The secreted proteome of ascitic MO/MA was examined as an aid to the discovery of novel proteins in EOC that are likely to have biological relevance in the inflammatory pathways of EOC. Ascitic fluid MO/MA were isolated from EOC patients, grown short-term in serum-free media. MO/MA supernatants were analyzed for secreted proteins by HPLC fractionation followed by LC-tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The 14-3-3 zeta adaptor protein was identified in supernatants of three of three EOC patients but not in supernatants of buffy coat monocytes isolated from normal donors or the established monocyte cell line THP1. Moreover, 14-3-3 zeta was identified in ascitic fluids in eight of eight chemotherapy-naïve patients by both immunoblot and mass spectrometric analysis. Immunofluorescent staining for 14-3-3 zeta demonstrated expression of the protein on ascitic and peritumoral macrophages in EOC patients. 14-3-3 zeta was also expressed on endothelial cells in the peritumoral stroma and partially on tumor cells. Uptake of 14-3-3 zeta was observed in EOC cell lines co-cultured with the recombinant protein expressed in E. coli. It is demonstrated for the first time that the important adaptor protein 14-3-3 zeta is common to the secretome of ascitic MO/MA and the ascites of advanced EOC patients.
Combined Haploinsufficiency for ATM and RAD9 as a Factor in Cell Transformation, Apoptosis, and DNA Lesion Repair Dynamics (2005)

Loss of function of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA damage processing genes has been implicated in the development of many types of cancer, but for the vast majority of cases, there is no link to specific germ line mutations. In the last several years, heterozygosity leading to haploinsufficiency for proteins involved in DNA repair pathways was shown to play a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis after DNA damage is induced. Because the effect of haploinsufficiency for one protein is relatively small, we hypothesize that predisposition to cancer could be a result of the additive effect of heterozygosity for two or more genes, critical for pathways that control DNA damage signaling, repair or apoptosis. To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range.
New Trends for the Processing of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Biomaterial for Dental Prosthodontics (2017)

Rehabilitation of masticatory function in patients with absent teeth with removable dentures is an established form of treating partial or complete dentition in edentulous patients. The developments in recent decades with dental implants dominate current dental research. However, medical contraindications, a negative attitude toward implants, or financial limitations on the part of the patients limit their universal applicability, so the rehabilitation with dental prostheses still makes up a significant portion of everyday clinical practice. Conversely, removable dentures are used in the critical conditions of the oral cavity. There are about 500 strains of microorganisms in the mouth, which form the biofilm in an acidic environment causing several issues, such as denture stomatitis, deterioration of the periodontal status of the remaining teeth, or carious lesions in the supporting teeth. Therefore, it is very important to choose a suitable material for the prosthesis. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is an acrylic resin usually used with a long tradition for prosthetic purposes. The aim of this chapter is to present the trends for the processing of PMMA. It includes the chemical synthesis, conventional thermal processing of this acrylic resin, the new processing technique assisted with ultrasound, the antibacterial effect on PMMA with nanoparticles, and the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenesis of this material.
Study of neural network control method in DC/DC converter (2004)

The neural network control method is a novel type of control strategy. It has outstanding advantages in knowledge extracting and learning, and strong robustness in control. This paper is mainly to study the feasibility of introducing the neural network technique into the control of DC/DC converters. A new control strategy based on the BP neural network for DC/DC converter is proposed, and a neural network controller for the Buck type DC/DC converter is designed. The simulation results indicate that in the situation of input voltage and load with quick fluctuations , compared with the DC/DC converter which is based on the traditional PI control, the one based on the neural network control has a much better dynamic response characteristic.
Phase-contrast imaging with a compact x-ray light source: system design (2017)

X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) overcomes the problem of low contrast between different soft tissues achieved in conventional x-ray imaging by introducing x-ray phase as an additional contrast mechanism. This work describes a compact x-ray light source (CXLS) and compares, via simulations, the high quality XPCI results that can be produced from this source to those produced using a microfocus x-ray source. The simulation framework is first validated using an image acquired with a microfocus-source, propagation-based XPCI (PB-XPCI) system. The phase contrast for a water sphere simulating a simple cyst submersed in muscle is evaluated and the evolution of PB-XPCI signal as the object to detector distance is increased is demonstrated. The proposed design of a PB-XPCI system using the CXLS is described and simulated images of a coronary artery compared between CXLS and microfocus source PB-XPCI systems. To generate images with similar noise levels, a microfocus source would require a 3000 times longer exposure than would the CXLS. We conclude that CXLS technology has the potential to provide high-quality XPCI in a medical environment using extremely short exposure times relative to microfocus source approaches.
High-Density Redox Amplified Coulostatic Discharge-Based Biosensor Array (2018)

High-density biosensor arrays are essential for many cutting-edge biomedical applications including point-of-care vaccination screening to detect multiple highly-contagious diseases. Typical electrochemical biosensing techniques are based on the measurement of sub-pA currents for micron-sized sensors requiring highly-sensitive readout circuits. Such circuits are often too complex to scale down for high-density arrays. In this paper, a high-density 4,096-pixel electrochemical biosensor array in 180 nm CMOS is presented. It uses a coulostatic discharge sensing technique and interdigitated electrode geometry to reduce both the complexity and size of the readout circuitry. Each biopixel contains an interdigitated microelectrode with a 13 aA low-leakage readout circuit directly underneath. Compared to standard planar electrodes, the implemented interdigitated electrodes achieve a maximum amplification factor of 10.5× from redox cycling. The array's sensor density is comparable to state-of-the-art arrays, all without augmenting the sensors with complex post-processing. The detection of anti-Rubella and anti-Mumps antibodies in human serum is demonstrated.
Provider Referral Patterns and Surgical Utilization Among New Patients Seen in Spine Clinic (2023)

A statistically significant association with undergoing surgery was observed with a referral by an MSK provider, older age, male sex, high BMI, and a high-income quartile home zip code. Understanding these factors and patterns is critical for optimizing practice efficiency and reducing the burdens of inappropriate referrals.
Retroactive Data Structures (2011)

We may need to alter the historical sequence of transactions. •Dynamization. Some static algorithms require a dynamic data structure to process the input. These algorithms can be made dynamic by using a retroactive data structure instead. •Bad Data. Data is either missing, was entered incorrectly, or comes from a tainted source (e.g. a sensor has malfunctioned). •Efficient Adaptation. We may want to undo an error made early on without redoing all the work since then. Goal: Maintain a large amount of data which changes over time such that we can efficiently update and query the data. Support updates and queries on current and past versions of the data structure.
ENTERYX® (2004)

Purpose: We investigated safety and effectiveness of Enteryx, a biocompatible copolymer designed for endoscopic injection into the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), in two prospective, open-label, international, multicenter clinical trials that followed an identical study protocol. Methods: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-dependent patients with GERD (N = 237) underwent endoscopic Enteryx implantation under fluoroscopic guidance using moderate sedation. PPI usage, GERD health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) score, and esophageal pH were recorded during the 12 mo follow-up. Results: At 12 mo, PPI use was eliminated in 69.8% (CI, 62.8-76.2%) and was reduced by >50% in an additional 15.1 % (CI, 10.4-21.0%) of 192 evalu-able patients. A GERD-HRQL total score of <11 was attained by 73.2% (CI, 66.3-79.3%) of 190 evaluable patients. GERD-HRQL component heartburn score improved by a median of 61.4% (CI, 55.4-67.1%) and regurgitation score by 78.6% (CI, 73.3-85.7%). Esophageal acid exposure (total time pH <4) was improved from baseline in 54.2% (CI, 46.0-62.3%) of 156 evaluable patients. Morbidity was transient and mild. Retrosternal chest pain was the most frequent (71.7%) device-related adverse event. Conclusions: These data extend past findings that Enteryx is safe and effective in the treatment of GERD symptoms. At 12 mo post-implantation, there was significant improvement in PPI use and GERD-HRQL scores, along with reduction in esophageal acid exposure. The safety profile for Enteryx remains excellent. Enteryx provides patients with an alternative to chronic PPI treatment.
Thermal modulation and instability of newtonian liquid microjets (2005)

Liquid microjets are inherently unstable and can be broken into droplets by various means including modulation of pressure, velocity, and/or fluid properties. In this presentation, we discuss the controlled breakup of viscous microjets via thermal modulation of surface tension. Such modulation has been implemented using CMOS/MEMS technology by integrating resistive heating elements around each orifice of a manifold as depicted in Fig. 1. When the heating elements are electrically pulsed, the thermal energy they produce penetrates the surface of the microjet, and is carried downstream to produce a spatial variation of surface tension along the length of the jet, which ultimately causes breakup and drop formation (Figs. 1 and 2). Using this process, microfluidic devices have been fabricated with thousands of individually modulated microjets that can produce steady steams of picoliter-sized droplets at kilohertz frequency rates [1]. In this presentation we review methods for analyzing such devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 4‐Acetoxy‐1‐oxyazetidin‐2‐ones. (1990)

Abstract Title compounds such as (V) are prepared by a simple and general synthesis.
Multicast bearer selection in heterogeneous wireless networks (2005)

Network scenarios beyond 3G assume the cooperation of operators with wireless access networks of different technologies in order to improve scalability and provide enhanced services to their mobile customers. While the selection of an optimised delivery path in such scenarios with multiple access networks is already a challenging task for unicast delivery, the problem becomes more severe for multicast services, where a potentially large group of heterogeneous receivers has to be served simultaneously via shared resources. In this paper we study the problem of selecting the optimal bearer paths for multicast services with groups of heterogeneous receivers in wireless networks with overlapping coverage. We propose an algorithm for bearer selection with different optimisation goals, demonstrating the existing tradeoff between user preference and resource efficiency.
Intraocular lens power calculation with an improved anterior chamber depth prediction algorithm (1995)

The accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation was evaluated in a multicenter study of 822 IOL implantations using the Binkhorst II, Sanders/Retzlaff/Kraff (SRK I, SRK II, SRK/T), Holladay, and Olsen formulas. All but the first of these were optimized in retrospect with calculation of the SRK A-constant, the Holladay surgeon factor, and the Olsen pseudophakic anterior chamber depth (ACD) for each lens style. The ACD prediction of the Olsen formula was based on a previously described regression formula incorporating preoperative ACD, corneal height, axial length, and lens thickness. Among the optical IOL power calculation formulas, the highest IOL power prediction error was found with Binkhorst's and the lowest with Olsen's, which was more accurate than the SRK/T and the Holladay formulas (P < .05). The SRK/T formula was significantly more accurate than the original SRK regression formulas (P < .001). When analyzed for axial length dependence, all formulas showed the least error in the normal range. Error of the Olsen formula was lower than that of the others in the axial length interval 20 mm to 26 mm. No differences in accuracy were found between the optical IOL calculation formulas in eyes with an axial length above 26 mm (P < .05). The accuracy of IOL power calculation can be improved with optical formulas using newer-generation ACD-prediction algorithms.
Voice of the customers: mining online customer reviews for product feature-based ranking (2010)

Increasingly large numbers of customers are choosing online shopping because of its convenience, reliability, and cost. As the number of products being sold online increases, it is becoming increasingly difficult for customers to make purchasing decisions based on only pictures and short product descriptions. On the other hand, customer reviews, particularly the text describing the features, comparisons and experiences of using a particular product provide a rich source of information to compare products and make purchasing decisions. Online retailers like Amazon.com 1 allow customers to add reviews of products they have purchased. These reviews have become a diverse and reliable source to aid other customers. Traditionally, many customers have used expert rankings which rate limited a number of products. Existing automated ranking mechanisms typically rank products based on their overall quality. However, a product usually has multiple product features, each of which plays a different role. Different customers may be interested in different features of a product, and their preferences may vary accordingly. In this paper, we present a feature-based product ranking technique that mines thousands of customer reviews. We first identify product features within a product category and analyze their frequencies and relative usage. For each feature, we identify subjective and comparative sentences in reviews. We then assign sentiment orientations to these sentences. By using the information obtained from customer reviews, we model the relationships among products by constructing a weighted and directed graph. We then mine this graph to determine the relative quality of products. Experiments on Digital Camera and Television reviews from real-world data on Amazon.com are presented to demonstrate the results of the proposed techniques. 1
Design and Analysis of a Reusable N2O-Cooled Aerospike Nozzle for Labscale Hybrid Rocket Motor Testing (2012)

A reusable oxidizer-cooled annular aerospike nozzle was designed for testing on a labscale PMMA-N20[1] hybrid rocket motor at Cal Poly-SLO.[2] The detailed design was based on the results of previous research involving cold-flow testing of annular aerospike nozzles and hot-flow testing of oxidizer-cooled converging-diverging nozzles. In the design, nitrous oxide is routed to the aerospike through a tube that runs up the middle of the combustion chamber. The solid fuel is arranged in an annular configuration, with a solid cylinder of fuel in the center of the combustion chamber and a hollow cylinder of fuel lining the circumference of the combustion chamber. The center fuel grain insulates the coolant from the heat of the combustion chamber. The two-phase mixture of nitrous oxide then is routed through channels that cool the copper surface of the aerospike. The outer copper shell is brazed to a stainless steel core that provides structural rigidity. The gaseous N2O flows from the end of aerospike to provide base bleed, compensating for the necessary truncation of the spike. Sequential and fully-coupled thermal-mechanical finite element models developed in Abaqus CAE were used to analyze the design of the cooled aerospike. The stress and temperature distributions in the aerospike were predicted for a 10-sec burn time of the hybrid rocket motor. [1] PMMA stands for polymethyl methacrylate, a thermoplastic commonly known by the brand name Plexiglas®. N2O is the molecular formula for nitrous oxide. [2] California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
C-B3-05: Help for Parents of Children with Cancer: a Web-based Intervention (2011)

proportion of patients not adherent and not at goal. Targeted interventions based on LDL-c goal attainment should be undertaken to ensure that adherence to statin therapy is maintained in this high-risk population of CAD patients.