gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subtypes of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor in human hematopoietic cell lines: Dynamic aspects of their cell‐type specific expression (1994)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ signaling plays important roles in cellular responses to extracellular stimuli. We recently succeeded in cloning human counterparts of the three subtypes derived from separate genes. Using the cDNA sequences type-specific to these subtype receptors, we here analyzed the expression profile of IP3R subtypes in stimulated and unstimulated human hematopoietic cell lines representing T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Northern and dot blot analysis showed that each IP3R subtype is expressed differently in these cells and that the expression profile in each cell is dynamically changed upon stimuli which induce differentiation. Moreover, most of these cells were found to simultaneously express at least two different subtype receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Quaternary Ammonium Salt on the Addition of α‐ Cyanocarbanions to Mesityl Oxide, Methyl Crotonate and Cinnamate, and Methyl Sorbate under Phase Transfer Catalysis. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The endocannabinoid anandamide inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth via activation of the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway (2008)

Cholangiocarcinomas are cancers that have poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The noncanonical Wnt pathway is mediated predominantly by Wnt 5a, which activates a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway involving protein kinase C, or a Ca(2+)-independent pathway involving the orphan receptor Ror2 and subsequent activation of Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). This pathway is associated with growth-suppressing effects in numerous cell types. We have shown that anandamide decreases cholangiocarcinoma growth in vitro. Therefore, we determined the effects of anandamide on cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth in vivo using a xenograft model and evaluated the effects of anandamide on the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. Chronic administration of anandamide decreased tumor growth and was associated with increased Wnt 5a expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of cholangiocarcinoma cells with recombinant Wnt 5a decreased cell proliferation in vitro. Neither anandamide nor Wnt 5a affected intracellular calcium release, but both increased the JNK phosphorylation. Stable knockdown of Wnt 5a or Ror2 expression in cholangiocarcinoma cells abolished the effects of anandamide on cell proliferation and JNK activation. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system may be important in cholangiocarcinoma treatment. The antiproliferative actions of the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway warrants further investigation to dissect the mechanism by which this may occur.
Emission Control of Two-Stroke Motorcycle Engines by the Butterfly Exhaust Valve (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The 1979 U.S. EPA emission standards on larger-sized two-stroke cycle engine motorcycles were very strict. This paper discusses the butterfly exhaust valve system installed on the YAMAHA RD400 Daytona Special which is the only two-stroke cycle engine motorcycle in the controlled 400cc class.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper also refers to the structure of the valve system and the principle of valve operation as well as its effects on reducing exhaust emissions, improving brake specific fuel consumption, and increasing engine power at part-throttle.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In addition, the butterfly exhaust valve system has a great effect on reducing engine surge due to the cyclic variations in combustion inherent in two-stroke cycle engines. The reduction ratio of engine surge is expressed quantitatively in our unique method. The above effects were investigated by means of exhaust gas velocity measurements and by analysis of combustion pressure.&lt;/div&gt;
Corrigendum: `` Lower Bounds and Reductions Between Grammar Problems'' (1978)

No abstract available.
Improving Separability of Eeg Signals During Motor Imagery With An Efficient Circular Laplacian (2006)

This paper reports on a new EEG re-referencing scheme, known as the circular Laplacian, for processing multichannel EEG signals. The new reference signals are derived from the average potentials on the circles around the electrodes. The radii of the circles can be adjusted to achieve spatial filtering of EEG at different frequencies. Evaluation with motor imagery recordings suggests that the circular Laplacian leads to a maximum of 5% improvement over the traditional discrete Laplacian in a motor imagery classification task.
Oncolytic vaccinia virus induces a novel phenotype of CD8+ effector T cells characterized by high ICOS expression (2021)

Characterization of the intratumoral immune status is important for developing immunotherapies and evaluating their antitumor effectiveness. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are one of the most important cell types that directly and indirectly contribute to antitumor efficacy by releasing cytolytic molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we engineered a tumor-selective oncolytic vaccinia virus that encodes interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-12 and demonstrated its usefulness as an agent for <i>in situ</i> vaccination against tumors, with data showing that antitumor efficacy was reliant upon CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells recruited by viral treatment. Here, we investigated the phenotypic changes in intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells caused by this oncolytic virus and found increased expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) in PD-1<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Unlike previously reported ICOS<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, a subset of ICOS<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells showed effector function characterized by granzyme B expression. ICOS expression was induced by the backbone virus, which did not encode any immune transgenes and was independent of upregulation of the type I interferon pathway. Not only did we identify a novel effector cell subset characterized by ICOS expression, but our findings also shed light on a potential unknown aspect of the mechanism of oncolytic vaccinia virotherapy.
Block Copolymer Directed Nanostructured Surfaces as Templates for Confined Surface Reactions (2017)

Despite advances in nanomaterials synthesis, the bottom-up preparation of nanopatterned films as templates for spatially confined surface reactions remains a challenge. We report an approach to fabricating nanoscale thin film surface structures with periodicities on the order of 20 nm and with the capacity to localize reactions with small molecules and nanoparticles. A block copolymer (BCP) of polystyrene-block-poly[(allyl glycidyl ether)-co-(ethylene oxide)] (PS-b-P(AGE-co-EO)) is used to prepare periodically ordered, reactive thin films. As proof-of-principle demonstrations of the versatility of the chemical functionalization, a small organic molecule, an amino acid, and ultrasmall silica nanoparticles are selectively attached via thiol–ene click chemistry to the exposed P(AGE-co-EO) domains of the BCP thin film. Our approach employing click chemistry on the spatially confined reactive surfaces of a BCP thin film overcomes solvent incompatibilities typically encountered when synthetic polymers are functionalized with water-soluble molecules. Moreover, this post-assembly functionalization of a reactive thin film surface preserves the original patterning reduces the amount of required reactant, and leads to short reaction times. The demonstrated approach is expected to provide a new materials platform in applications including sensing, catalysis, pattern recognition, or microelectronics.
Serial demodulation of an OQPSK direct sequence spread signal (2003)

A general equation is derived for modulation waveforms which can be serially demodulated. This equation is used to define the modulation structure for SOQPSK (serial offset quadrature phase shift keying). Coherent serial demodulation is shown to perform with the same BER (bit error rate) peeeance as a parallel demodulator for the condition of optimum correlation detection. Serial noncoherent detection is shown to provide intersymbol interference which increases the false correlation level if the spreading codes are not chosen properly. A computer simulation was developed which allowed the performance of coherent and noncoherent SOQPSK detection to be studied. The simulation results verified the analytical calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical Transmission of Epitaxial Graphene Layers on SiC in the Visible Spectral Range (2010)

Optical transmission and transmission electron microscopy studies of epitaxial graphene structures grown on the carbon terminated face of 4H-SiC(000-1) on-axis substrates are presented. Several samples obtained using different growth conditions were studied. Optical microscope showed regions of micrometer size with different layer number. The exact number of layers was obtained from transmission electron microscope studies. Optical transmission spectra showed no wavelength dependence and allowed us to obtain the average number of graphene layers.
Electrical Properties of Custom Standards (2022)

The increasing demand for more content, services, and security drives the development of high-speed wireless technologies, optical communication, automotive radar, imaging and sensing systems and many other mm-wave and THz applications. S-parameter measurement at mm-wave and sub-mm wave frequencies plays a crucial role in the modern IC design debug. Most importantly, however, is the step of device characterization for development and optimization of device model parameters for new technologies. Accurate characterization of the intrinsic device in its entire operation frequency range becomes extremely important and this task is very challenging. This book presents solutions for accurate mm-wave characterization of advanced semiconductor devices. It guides through the process of development, implementation and verification of the in-situ calibration methods optimized for high-performance silicon technologies. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Specifics of S-parameter measurements of planar structures • Complete mathematical solution for lumped-standard based calibration methods, including the transfer Thru-Match-Reflect (TMR) algorithms • Design guideline and examples for the on-wafer calibration standards realized in both advanced SiGe BiCMOS and RF CMOS processes • Methods for verification of electrical characteristics of calibration standards and accuracy of the in-situ calibration results • Comparison of the new technique vs. conventional approaches: the probe-tip calibration and the pad parasitic de-embedding for various device types, geometries and model parameters • New aspects of the on-wafer RF measurements at mmWave frequency range and calibration assurance.
Who the FOAF knows Alice? RDF Revocation in DBin 2.0 ? (2007)

Abstract. In this paper we take a view from the bottom to RDF(S) reasoning. We discuss some issues and requirements on reasoning towards effectively building Semantic Web Pipes, aggregating and patching RDF data from various distributed sources. Even if we leave out complex description logics reasoning and restrict ourselves to the RDF world, it turns out that some problems, in particular how to deal with contradicting RDF statements and patching RDF graphs, do not yet find their proper solutions within the current Semantic Web Stack. Besides theoretical solutions which involve full DL reasoning, we believe that more practical and probably more scalable solutions are conceivable one of which we discuss in this paper. Namely, we provide means to express revocations in RDF and resolve such revocations by means of a specialized RDF merge procedure. We have implemented this conflict-resolving merge procedure in the DBin 2.0 system. 1
Single-Step 3D Printing of Bio-Inspired Printable Joints Applied to a Prosthetic Hand (2022)

Single-step 3D printing, which can manufacture complicated designs without assembly, has the potential to completely change our design perspective, and how 3D printing products, rather than printing static components, ready-to-use movable mechanisms become a reality. Existing 3D printing solutions are challenged by precision limitations, and cannot directly produce tightly mated moving surfaces. Therefore, joints must be designed with a sufficient gap between the components, resulting in joints and other mechanisms with imprecise motion. In this study, we propose a bio-inspired printable joint and apply it to a Single sTep 3D-printed Prosthetic hand (ST3P hand). We simulate the anatomical structure of the human finger joint and implement a cam effect that changed the distance between the contact surfaces through the elastic bending of the ligaments as the joint flexed. This bio-inspired design allows the joint to be single-step 3D printed and provides precise motion. The bio-inspired printable joint makes it possible for the ST3P hand to be designed as a lightweight (∼255 g), low-cost (∼$500) monolithic structure with nine finger joints and manufactured via single-step 3D printing. The ST3P hand takes ∼6 min to assemble, which is approximately one-tenth the assembly time of open-source 3D printed prostheses. The hand can perform basic hand tasks of activities of daily living by providing a pulling force of 48 N and grasp strength of 20 N. The simple manufacturing of the ST3P hand could help us take one step closer to realizing fully customized robotic prosthetic hands at low cost and effort.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective 5′‐O‐Acetylation of 2′‐Deoxynucleosides and Nucleosides by a Modified Mitsunobu Procedure. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of surface exchange reactions used to grow compound films (1981)

Sequential surface exchange reations have been provoked by means of an atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) method to grow Ta2O5 and ZnS films from vapor phases of TaCl5 (ZnCl2) and H2O (H2S) reactants. The growth mechanism has been explained. The films were studied by using Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction.
Design of a Novel SS (Spread Spectrum) System based on Cooperative Communications (2006)

In this paper, we first propose a novel system that combines multi-code spread spectrum modulation (McM) technique with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). This system provides high data transmission rate without reducing spectral efficiency and overcomes the adverse effects of frequency-selective Rayleigh fading by applying a minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer at the receiver. Then we deploy the decode-and-forward cooperative communications protocol in the novel system to allow single-antenna users to obtain the powerful benefits of multi-antenna systems. Monte-Carlo simulations are also performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system
A fast projection scheme for the direct numerical simulation of rigid particulate flows (2005)

A formulation is presented for the direct numerical simulation of freely moving rigid particles in fluids. This approach is an improvement upon an earlier formulation (Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2000; 26: 1509–1524) and does not rely on any model for fluid–particle interaction. The idea is to assume that the entire fluid–particle domain is a fluid and to constrain the particle domain to move with a rigid motion. The fluid–particle motion is treated implicitly so that the mutual forces of interaction cancel because they are internal to the combined system. The formulation can be implemented by an immersed boundary and a fractional time stepping technique. It can be conveniently employed within finite volume, finite element or other techniques. Due to its ability for fast projection of rigid motion this method has been used for animations and its application to turbulent particulate flows merits investigation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractal Behavior of Functionalized Fullerene Aggregates. I. Aggregation of Two-Handed Tetraaminofullerene with DNA (2005)

In tris-buffered saline (TBS) with a trace of dimethylformamide (DMF), the homoaggregation process of a functionalized fullerene, the two-handed tetraaminofullerene (TH), and the heteroaggregation process (complex formation) of TH with DNA (pGL3-control plasmid) were studied dynamically by using a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering measurements. Fractal behavior was investigated in the aggregation process of both TH homoaggregates and TH-DNA heteroaggregates. The stability of aggregates in solution depends on the molar concentration ratio R(M), defined as the molar ratio of moles of TH to moles of the DNA base pair. Higher R(M) values resulted in lower aggregate stability. The transition of the fractal dimension (Df) in TH homoaggregation by rapidly mixing 3.78 microM TH with an equal volume of the blank buffer was found to vary from a value of 1.46 to 2.02. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that, in the aggregation process, the change in the size distribution of aggregates with time could be related to a Df transition. In the Df transition region, the size distribution of homoaggregates displayed a drastic change from a single-mode distribution to a bimodal distribution, which clearly suggested a restructuring process with the formation of large aggregates. When the aggregation process finally reached equilibrium, Df = 2.02, the size of the homoaggregates had a single mode but a broad distribution. However, TH-DNA heteroaggregation showed a Df transition from 1.58 to 1.7, but over a shorter time range of less than 5 min. Then, the Df value fluctuated in the range of 1.7 and finally reached an equilibrium value of Df approximately 1.78, which was independent of molar concentration. There are two main action forces involved in the heteroaggregation process: van der Waals forces and attractive electrostatic forces, with the latter one being stronger and faster than that of the former. Therefore, a two-step action could occur in the heteroaggregation process. In the beginning of mixing, the attractive electrostatic forces dictated the aggregation process, and then van der Waals forces also got involved in the entire aggregation process. By using an initial concentration of 3.78 microM each and R(M) = 1, TH-DNA heteroaggregates showed more stable solution behavior than the homoaggregates. The lower Df value of the heteroaggregates could be related to a looser compact structure. Results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also disclosed the different textures between TH homoaggregates and TH-DNA heteroaggregates; the former had a more dense packing than the latter one.
Evaluation of Energy Heterogeneity in Metal−Organic Frameworks: Absence of Henry’s Region in MIL-53 and MIL-68 Materials? (2010)

We present in this study a detailed thermodynamic analysis of N2 adsorption at 77.4 K and low pressures in a series of metal−organic framework materials displaying different structures, pore textures, and framework flexibility. The energy heterogeneity of these materials has been quantified using a thermodynamic isotherm model developed in previous studies through two characteristic parameters. This formulation also allows the generation of an equation differing from the Dubinin−Astakhov isotherm that allows a proper description of gas adsorption at low pressures. Unlike zeolites or rigid coordination polymers, highly flexible MIL-53(Al) and MIL-68(In) materials are characterized by N2 adsorption isotherms lacking of a characteristic Henry’s region (linear trend) at low relative pressures. We argue about an unexpected promotion of energy heterogeneity on these materials due to sorbate-induced elastic deformation ascribed to compression tensions to explain this observation.
Deep Ensemble Bayesian Active Learning : Addressing the Mode Collapse issue in Monte Carlo dropout via Ensembles (2018)

In image classification tasks, the ability of deep CNNs to deal with complex image data has proven to be unrivalled. However, they require large amounts of labeled training data to reach their full potential. In specialised domains such as healthcare, labeled data can be difficult and expensive to obtain. Active Learning aims to alleviate this problem, by reducing the amount of labelled data needed for a specific task while delivering satisfactory performance. We propose DEBAL, a new active learning strategy designed for deep neural networks. This method improves upon the current state-of-the-art deep Bayesian active learning method, which suffers from the mode collapse problem. We correct for this deficiency by making use of the expressive power and statistical properties of model ensembles. Our proposed method manages to capture superior data uncertainty, which translates into improved classification performance. We demonstrate empirically that our ensemble method yields faster convergence of CNNs trained on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets.
Race/Ethnicity Moderates the Association Between Psychosocial Resilience and Movement‐Evoked Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis (2019)

Our findings underscore the importance of psychosocial resilience on OA-related pain and function and highlight the influence of race/ethnicity on the resilience-pain relationship. Treatments aimed at targeting resilience may help mitigate racial/ethnic disparities in pain.
Bunched phase encoding (BPE): A new fast data acquisition method in MRI (2006)

A new fast data acquisition method, "Bunched Phase Encoding" (BPE), is presented. In conventional rectilinear data acquisition, only a readout gradient (and no phase encoding gradient) is applied when k-space data are acquired. Reduction of the number of phase encoding lines by increasing the phase encoding step size often leads to aliasing artifacts. Papoulis's generalized sampling theory asserts that in some cases aliasing artifact-free signals can be reconstructed even if the Nyquist criterion is violated in some regions of the Fourier domain. In this study, Papoulis's theoretical construct is exploited to reduce the number of acquired phase encoding lines. To achieve this, k-space data are sampled along a "zigzag" trajectory during each readout; samples are acquired at a sampling frequency higher than that of the normal rectilinear acquisition. The total number of TR cycles and, hence, the total scan time can be reduced. The resultant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) often varies across the reconstructed image when using the BPE technique, and the image SNR depends on the reconstruction method. This work is comparable to a gradient based version of parallel imaging. Evidence suggests it may serve as the basis for new opportunities for fast data acquisition in MRI.
Optimality conditions for a dynamic traffic assignment model (1978)

We consider a dynamic traffic assignment model formulated as a nonlinear and noneonvex mathematical program. Necessary optimality conditions require equalization of certain marginal costs for all the paths that are being used, and these optimality conditions are shown to be a generalization of the optimality conditions of a conventional static traffic assignment problem. We also examine the behavior of the dynamic model under static demand conditions and show that in this case our model is a generalized version of a standard static model. Our model suggests a promising refinement of the objective function for the static case.