gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of DNA Repair and Apoptosis by p53 and Its Impact on Alkylating Drug Resistance of Tumor Cells (2004)

Eukarytotic cells have developed a highly conserved network of processes to ensure that the damaged genome is repaired before replication or mitotic segregation. This protective mechanism is essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, cell viability, and prevention of mutations. The drugs used in the treatment of human malignancies are invariably genotoxic, and their effectiveness is limited by a variety of factors. The most important factor is the tumor cells’ resistance to drugs. Most tumor cells could develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, whereas some malignant cells, including prostate carcinomas, melanomas, and gliomas, are intrinsically resistant to most antitumor drugs. For instance, ovarian and small-cell lung cancers are known to respond well to drug treatment initially, only to relapse with the appearance of drug-resistant cells. This acquired drug resistance resulting from genomic instability and consequent plasticity of the genome is encountered in approx 40% of all cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
The p factor of psychopathology and personality in middle childhood: Genetic and gestational risk factors – Corrigendum (2023)

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Directions in propulsion control (1987)

Discussed here is research at NASA Lewis in the area of propulsion controls as driven by trends in advanced aircraft. The objective of the Lewis program is to develop the technology for advanced reliable propulsion control systems and to integrate the propulsion control with the flight control for optimal full-system control.
A Unique Relative of Rotifer Birnavirus Isolated from Australian Mosquitoes (2020)

The family <i>Birnaviridae</i> are a group of non-enveloped double-stranded RNA viruses which infect poultry, aquatic animals and insects. This family includes agriculturally important pathogens of poultry and fish. Recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have identified closely related birnaviruses in <i>Culex, Aedes</i> and <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes. Using a broad-spectrum system based on detection of long double-stranded RNA, we have discovered and isolated a birnavirus from <i>Aedes notoscriptus</i> mosquitoes collected in northern New South Wales, Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of Aedes birnavirus (ABV) showed that it is related to Rotifer birnavirus, a pathogen of microscopic aquatic animals. In vitro cell infection assays revealed that while ABV can replicate in <i>Aedes</i>-derived cell lines, the virus does not replicate in vertebrate cells and displays only limited replication in <i>Culex</i>- and <i>Anopheles</i>-derived cells. A combination of SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the ABV capsid precursor protein (pVP2) is larger than that of other birnaviruses and is partially resistant to trypsin digestion. Reactivity patterns of ABV-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies indicate that the neutralizing epitopes of ABV are SDS sensitive. Our characterization shows that ABV displays a number of properties making it a unique member of the <i>Birnaviridae</i> and represents the first birnavirus to be isolated from Australian mosquitoes.
Turbomolecular pump with an ultimate pressure of 10−12 Torr (1994)

An ultimate pressure of the order of 10−12 Torr using a turbomolecular pump was realized. The ultimate pressure of a turbomolecular pump with magnetic bearings is mainly limited by outgassing from heat generation of the rotor. The rotor temperature in operation is about 60 °C due to eddy-current loss in the magnetic suspensions. The rotor temperature was measured by thermovideo camera through an optical window. To reduce thermal outgassing of the rotor, the rotor must be cooled by radiation. The lower half of the rotor and the opposite stators were coated with SiO2 to a thickness of about 10 μm. This ceramic surface has high emissivity and good thermal heat exchange. The suspended rotor temperature during operation then dropped to about 25 °C. Also, the SiO2 coating enabled the rotor to be baked with more efficiency. The upper half of the rotor and the stators, and aluminum alloy housing were finished using a clean machining method known as the EL process, which helped reduce outgassing. These processes were applied by Seiko–Seik and Osaka Vacuum. Ultimate pressure of the turbomolecular pumps with turbobacking were of the order of 10−12 Torr, measured by a Leybold extractor gauge; best pressure was less than 2×10−12 Torr.
Carbohydrate and oxygen metabolism during hepatocellular proliferation: A study in perfused livers from mirex-treated rats (1991)

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is accompanied by altered hepatic intermediary metabolism. Because the organochlorine compound mirex also causes liver cell growth, the purpose of this study was to investigate hepatic carbohydrate and oxygen metabolism in perfused livers from mirex-treated rats and to localize cell proliferation in this model. Pretreatment with mirex (100 mg/kg, intragastrically) increased liver/body weight ratios and DNA synthesis in livers of fed rats, effects that were markedly diminished in livers of fasted rats. This finding shows that liver growth caused by mirex, as is the case after partial hepatectomy, is hindered when animals are deprived of food. Furthermore, perfused livers from mirex-treated rats had depleted glycogen stores but significantly elevated oxygen uptake compared with livers from control rats. Increases in oxygen uptake and hepatocellular proliferation were observed mostly in periportal regions of the liver lobule. In regenerating livers, most DNA synthesis was reported to also occur in these regions of the liver lobule. Taken together, these data show that liver cell growth caused by mirex is accompanied by changes in hepatic intermediary metabolism and sublobular proliferation similar to those observed after partial hepatectomy.
Current practices and research updates on diabetes mellitus in canine (2014)

Diabetes has evidence in ancient literatures, though recently is being considered as one amongst the most emerging disease condition in both human and companion animals. Diabetes mellitus is one of the common endocrinopathy of dog characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria and weight loss. Reports suggests high fraction of canine population suffer with diabetes world over. Studies in different veterinary hospitals of United States suggest increase in cases of canine diabetes and decrease in case fatality rate over time. Increase in cases of canine diabetes worldwide is attributed to awareness amongst pet owners, better veterinary health facilities, breed preferences by dog owners, increase dependence on commercial feeds, obesity, etc. Diabetes in most dogs is immune mediated and insulin dependent. Breed predisposition in canine is attributed to dog leukocyte antigen gene pool encoding form major histocompatibility complex-II molecules, however research is still underway. Diagnosis of diabetes still relies on blood sugar evaluation for screening of canine population, though many other diagnostic methods have shown promising benefits including measurement of fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin. Management of diabetes in dog is based on insulin therapy, diet modification and exercise. Use of oral anti-diabetics drugs in canine is limited though experimental studies have shown promising results. Alternative therapies have been explored, but only a few approaches have shown promise for clinical application.
CASES keynote: Automatic generation of hardware/software interfaces (2011)

Specialized hardware is necessary to reduce power consumption in mobile devices. Current design methodologies require an early partitioning of the application, allowing the hardware and software to be developed simultaneously, each adhering to a rigid interface contract. Early specification of detailed interface contracts is difficult and prevents the later migration of functionality across the interface. We address this problem using the Bluespec Codesign Language∼(BCL) which permits the designer to specify the hardware-software partition in the source code, allowing the compiler to synthesize efficient software and hardware along with transactors for communication between the partitions. We will present preliminary results generated using our compiler for various hardware-software decompositions of several applications. Categories and Subject Descriptors
<title>Scalable DSP architecture for high-speed color document compression</title> (2000)

The processing of colored documents with Document Management Systems (DMS) is possible with the modern document scanning systems today. Because of the enormous amount of image data generated scanning a typical A4 document with a 300 dpi resolution, image compression is used. The JPEG compression scheme is widely used for such image data. The lack of image quality caused by necessary lossy compression, can significantly reduce the recognition quality of a subsequent optical character recognition (OCR) process, which is essential to any DMS system. LuraDocument, a high performance system for compressing and archiving scanned documents, particularly those containing text and image, is overcoming the gap between high compression and legibility of documents suitable to be managed inside DMS systems. The utilization of LuraDocument results in substantially higher image quality in comparison to standard compression techniques. This high quality is achieved by combining automatic text detection with bitonal compression of text and color/grayscale wavelet compression of images. Since the innovative LuraDocument compression scheme is a complex image processing system, allocating some computational performance, a scalable DSP system has been designed to meet the throughput of high- performance document scanners.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of individual contrast agent behavior (2003)

An improved understanding of contrast agent behavior may yield more sophisticated bubble detection techniques. In this study, the optical measurements of single bubble oscillations during insonation are compared directly to theoretical predictions. These results are then used to aid in the understanding of the effects of transmission and bubble parameters on the bubble oscillations and resulting received echoes. A Rayleigh-Plesset-like bubble equation with additional shell terms is solved for the time dependent bubble radius and wall velocity, and these outputs are also used to formulate the predicted echo from a single encapsulated bubble. The experimental and theoretical radius-time curves are in good agreement; with a consistent, predictable response from the lipid-shelled agent with varying amplitude, phase and length of the transmission pulses. The radius-time curves of the albumin-shelled agent Optison/sup TM/ are less predictable due to its asymmetric oscillations. Observations of the effects of transmitted phase and the corresponding predicted echoes are consistent with previous experimental results. These results demonstrate that the transmission of two pulses with opposite phases will yield similar time domain echoes with the echo from the pulse with rarefaction first (180/spl deg/) having a mean frequency that is higher than the compression first response (0/spl deg/).
Down-regulation of Sp1 suppresses cell proliferation, clonogenicity and the expressions of stem cell markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2014)

Sp1 was enriched in advanced NPC tissues and silencing of Sp1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, anchorage-independent growth and the stem-cell like phenotype of NPC cells, suggesting Sp1 may serve as an appealing drug target for NPC.
Histamine receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3 (2021)

Histamine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Histamine Receptors [80, 173]) are activated by the endogenous ligand histamine. Marked species differences exist between histamine receptor orthologues [80]. The human and rat H3 receptor genes are subject to significant splice variance [12]. The potency order of histamine at histamine receptor subtypes is H3 = H4 &gt; H2 &gt; H1 [173]. Some agonists at the human H3 receptor display significant ligand bias [182]. Antagonists of all 4 histamine receptors have clinical uses: H1 antagonists for allergies (e.g. cetirizine), H2 antagonists for acid-reflux diseases (e.g. ranitidine), H3 antagonists for narcolepsy (e.g. pitolisant/WAKIX; Registered) and H4 antagonists for atopic dermatitis (e.g. adriforant; Phase IIa) [173] and vestibular neuritis (AUV) (SENS-111 (Seliforant, previously UR-63325), entered and completed vestibular neuritis (AUV) Phase IIa efficacy and safety trials, respectively) [216, 8].
Using Cell Membranes as Recognition Layers to Construct Ultrasensitive and Selective Bioelectronic Affinity Sensors (2022)

Conventional sandwich immunosensors rely on antibody recognition layers to selectively capture and detect target antigen analytes. However, the fabrication of these traditional affinity sensors is typically associated with lengthy and multistep surface modifications of electrodes and faces the challenge of nonspecific adsorption from complex sample matrices. Here, we report on a unique design of bioelectronic affinity sensors by using natural cell membranes as recognition layers for protein detection and prevention of biofouling. Specifically, we employ the human macrophage (MΦ) membrane together with the human red blood cell (RBC) membrane to coat electrochemical transducers through a one-step process. The natural protein receptors on the MΦ membrane are used to capture target antigens, while the RBC membrane effectively prevents nonspecific surface binding. In an attempt to detect tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine using the bioelectronic affinity sensor, it demonstrates a remarkable limit of detection of 150 pM. This new sensor design integrates natural cell membranes and electronic transduction, which offers synergistic functionalities toward a broad range of biosensing applications.
Recommendations for the improvement of bladder cancer quality of care in Canada: A consensus document reviewed and endorsed by Bladder Cancer Canada (BCC), Canadian Urologic Oncology Group (CUOG), and Canadian Urological Association (CUA), December 2015 (2016)

This initiative was undertaken in response to concerns regarding the variation in management and in outcomes of patients with bladder cancer throughout centres and geographical areas in Canada. Population-based data have also revealed that real-life survival is lower than expected based on data from clinical trials and/or academic centres. To address these perceived shortcomings and attempt to streamline and unify treatment approaches to bladder cancer in Canada, a multidisciplinary panel of expert clinicians was convened last fall for a two-day working group consensus meeting. The panelists included urologic oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, patient representatives, a genitourinary pathologist, and an enterostomal therapy nurse. The following recommendations and summaries of supporting evidence represent the results of the presentations, debates, and discussions. Methodology
SAR raw data simulation for multiple‐input multiple‐output video synthetic aperture radar using beat frequency division frequency modulated continuous wave (2019)

Abstract Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw data simulation, operating under various scenarios, and realistic environments, are necessary for analyzing and verifying the performance aspects of SAR systems and the various algorithms used in them. In this article, we propose a method to simulate the raw data generated by multiple‐input multiple‐output video synthetic aperture radar (MIMO ViSAR) from a speckled scene, using beat frequency division (BFD) frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW). Using an optical image as a reflectivity map for a realistic scene, we first multiply a speckle noise with this image to generate a speckled reflectivity map. We then compute the two‐dimensional convolutions of a SAR point spread function of a MIMO ViSAR system with the speckled reflectivity map to generate a complex SAR image. Finally, the SAR raw data is generated through inverse processing of the MIMO ViSAR system. We use the synthesized raw data to reconstruct SAR images, based on our previously proposed MIMO ViSAR signal‐processing algorithm, to demonstrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
P882Comparison of epicardial coronary artery spasm during intracoronary acetylcholine testing between German and Japanese patients with unobstructed coronaries (2017)

one major coronary artery with >70% stenosis compared to other CAD patients. Likewise, sCD36 levels were significantly higher in 3 vessel CAD compared to milder vessel involvement (7.820.5 vs 4.11.9 pg/ml). Moreover, sCD36 was found to be correlated with number of diseased coronary arteries, as well as age and serum creatinine levels r=0.367, r=0.301 and r=0.294, respectively; all p values <0.001). Conclusion: Extent of coronary involvement is known to be associated with future cardiovascular event risk in patients with stable CAD. In this study, sCD36 was found to be higher in patients with CAD compared to patients with normal coronary angiograms. sCD36 was also correlated with extent of CAD, which may be an indicator of its potential as risk predictor for stable CAD in the future.
Periacetabular reconstruction following limb-salvage surgery for pelvic sarcomas (2021)

Limb-salvage surgery for pelvic sarcomas remains one of the most challenging surgical procedures for musculoskeletal oncologists. In the past several decades, various surgical techniques have been developed for periacetabular reconstruction following pelvic tumor resection. These methods include endoprosthetic reconstruction, allograft or autograft reconstruction, arthrodesis, and hip transposition. Each of these procedures has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no consensus or gold standard for periacetabular reconstruction. Consequently, this review provides an overview of the clinical outcomes for each of these reconstructive options following pelvic tumor resections. Overall, high complication rates are associated with the use of massive implants/grafts, and deep infection is generally the most common cause of reconstruction failure. Functional outcomes decline with the occurrence of severe complications. Further efforts to avoid complications using innovative techniques, such as antibiotic-laden devices, computer navigation, custom cutting jigs, and reduced use of implants/grafts, are crucial to improve outcomes, especially in patients at a high risk of complications.
Ancient DNA reveals the origins, colonization histories, and evolutionary pathways of two recently extinct species of giant scops owl from Mauritius and Rodrigues Islands (Mascarene Islands, south‐western Indian Ocean) (2018)

Abstract Aim The islands of the south‐western Indian Ocean region are home to many endemic bird species, with their closest relatives occurring in Africa and Madagascar, Eurasia, the Sunda Islands, and the Australasian region. Among owls, the extant endemic scops owls (genus Otus ) from Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles, and Socotra are related to the Southeast Asian species, O. sunia , the Oriental scops owl. Three owl species, presumably Otus derivatives, twice the size of standard scops owls and now extinct, once inhabited the Mascarene Islands, and have been placed in a separate genus, Mascarenotus . Insular apomorphies have made their precise relationships difficult to determine. Here we investigate the phylogenetic position of these enigmatic owls. Location The Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) in the south‐western Indian Ocean. Methods Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using ancient DNA extracted from subfossil remains. Fragments of cytochrome b gene were amplified and sequenced. The ancient sequences were analysed with modern sequences of 19 ingroup Otus taxa using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Results The Mauritian extinct species M. sauzieri was reconstructed as the sister to both O. pauliani (Grand Comoro) and O. rutilus (Madagascar). The Rodrigues extinct species M. murivorus was the sister, in a star‐like differentiation, to the preceding clade as well as the remaining Comorian species and a clade formed by O. insularis (Seychelles) and O. sunia . Main conclusions The ancestor of O. sunia simultaneously colonized Rodrigues Island (evolving into Otus murivorus ), Madagascar, and part of the Comoros Islands around 3 million years ago. Later, presumably from Madagascar, new lineages colonized Grand Comoro and Mauritius ( O. sauzieri ). Independently, a more recent O. sunia ancestor colonized the Seychelles Islands and Socotra. These colonizations were probably favoured by Pliocene cyclonic events, stronger and more frequent than today. Several features, including giantism, wing reduction, and a relative decrease in skull and orbit size evolved convergently in the polyphyletic species O. sauzieri and O. murivorus .
Foveated image watermarking (2003)

The spatial resolution of the human visual system (HVS) decreases rapidly away from the point of fixation (foveation point). By exploiting this fact, we propose a watermarking approach that embeds the watermark energy into the image periphery according to foveation-based HVS contrast thresholds. Compared to other HVS-based watermarking methods, the simulation results demonstrate an improvement in the robustness of the proposed approach against image degradations, such as JPEG compression, cropping and additive Gaussian noise, in terms of subjective measures, based on foveation. In addition, the method proposed for still images is adapted for video and the robustness of the adapted method is tested against ITU H.263+ coding.
Effect of processing on the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) milled fractions (2018)

The purpose of this study was to promote utility of proso millet by the use of milling. Proso millet grains obtained from the farmer’s field of Gosaigaon, Kokrajhar district of Assam were milled to obtain dehusked and polished grains. The flours from these milled fractions along with whole grain flour were evaluated for total phenol, flavonoid, phytate and total antioxidant capacity. A considerable variation in the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity was found among the milling fractions. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were found to be highest in whole and dehusked grain flours than polished grain flours while phytate content was highest in dehusked (682.50 mg/100g) grain flours than whole (574.74 mg/100g) and polished (194.00 mg/100g) grain flours. Whole grain flour possessed significantly highest total antioxidant capacity (281.79 mg TE/100g) than dehusked (156.93 mg TE/100g) and polished (144.94 mg TE/100g) flours. Depending on technological or nutritional demands, appropriate milled fractions may be chosen based on these results to achieve the desired product.
Local Spin Moment Distribution in Antiferromagnetic Molecular Rings Probed by NMR (2006)

The NMR spectra of 19F and 53Cr have been obtained at low temperatures in a heterometallic substituted antiferromagnetic (AF) ring Cr7Cd with an S=3/2 ground state and compared with the spectra in a homometallic Cr8 AF ring with an S=0 ground state. From the analysis of the spectra one can derive directly model independent values of the staggered nonuniform distribution of the local moment in the heterometallic ring Cr7Cd. The experimental values are found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical values calculated on the basis of an effective spin Hamiltonian which includes crystal field effects.