gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidirectional Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polystyrene Surface (2009)

The dipole–dipole interaction between liquid crystals (LCs) and a polystyrene (PS) surface induced by ion beam (IB) irradiation was successfully studied. The LC molecular orientation follows the IB alignment direction on the PS surface, upon IB irradiation or rubbing. The LC orientation on the PS surface is fixed by IB irradiation and is not affected by rubbing. Also, the LC alignment direction depends strongly on the C=O bonds formed from the C=C and C–C bonds on the PS surface that are broken by the IB irradiation. The LC alignment induced by IB irradiation on the PS surface using dipole–dipole interaction between the LCs and the PS surface is more strongly affected by the chemical bonding of broken chains than by physical processes such as the microgroove effect and π–π interaction. Furthermore, the anchoring strength of LCs on the PS surface upon IB irradiation is stronger than that of the PS surface upon rubbing as indicated by the LC orientation direction.
Gluten-Free Diet and Lipid Profile in Children with Celiac Disease (2014)

Introduction: Gluten-free products may carry a high energy and fat load. We verified lipid profile, growth, and dietary parameters cross-sectionally in children and adolescents on gluten-free diet (GFD) and prospectively during the first year of GFD. Methods: Any consecutive child on GFD (group 1) or newly-diagnosed (group 2) was evaluated for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood pressure, anthropometric data, activity, and a 24-hour food diary during follow-up. Results: In group 1 (132 females and 73 males, 10.7±4.2 years), TC (p=0.006), TG (p=0.014), and HDL (p=0.019) were significantly higher in females than in males. Comparing values with those in the population, TC, TG, and LDL were higher in females and lower in males, while HDL was higher in both across ages. Age (p=0.044), sex (p=0.000), and time on GFD (p=0.007) positively impacted TC; BMI (p=0.004), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001), and sex (p=0.012) impacted HDL, while diastolic blood pressure (p=0.048) negatively impacted TG. Celiac disease children introduced less calories, iron, and calcium, one-third more sodium, appropriate fiber intake, and doubled proteins. In group 2 (20 females and 10 males, 8.6±3.55 years), TC did not change, TG diminished, and HDL and BMI (p=0.014) increased. During the year, HDL (p=0.04), blood sugar (p=0.038), and saturated fat intake (p=0.016) significantly changed; saturated fats and caloric intake (below recommendations) diminished, proteins doubled (p=0.0000). Fibers were optimal. HDL was inversely related to calorie intake and saturated fat (R280; p=0.011). Conclusion: CD females and males have different lipid profiles with higher HDL than reference population. Fibers and unsaturated fats are adequate.
Regional Distribution of Type 2 Thyroxine Deiodinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Hypothalamus and Pituitary and Its Regulation by Thyroid Hormone* (1997)

To identify the specific locations of type 2 deiodinase (D2) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and determine its regulation by thyroid hormone, we performed in situ hybridization histochemistry, Northern analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats. By in situ hybridization histochemistry, silver grains were concentrated over ependymal cells lining the floor and infralateral walls of the third ventricle extending from the rostral tip of the median eminence (ME) to the infundibular recess, surrounding blood vessels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and in the ME adjacent to the portal vessels and overlying the tuberoinfundibular sulci. Silver grains also accumulated over distinct cells in the midportion of the anterior pituitary. In hypothyroid animals, an increase in signal intensity was observed in the caudal hypothalamus, and a marked increase in the number of positive cells occurred in the anterior pituitary. Microdissection of the hypothalamus for Northern and PCR analysis established the authenticity of D2 mRNA in the caudal hypothalamus, and confirmed that the majority of D2 mRNA is concentrated in this region. The distribution of D2 mRNA suggests its expression in specialized ependymal cells, termed tanycytes, originating from the third ventricle. Thus, the tanycyte is the source of the high D2 activity previously found in the ARC-ME region of the hypothalamus. The results indicate that tanycytes may have a previously unrecognized integral role in feedback regulation of TSH secretion by T4.
Electronic Data Interchange and Small Organizations: Adoption and Impact of Technology (1995)

Many EDI researchers and practitioners have recognized the importance of high penetration levels for the success of EDI. Unfortunately, such penetration is partly impeded by the resistance of small companies to become EDI capable. To investigate this issue, three major factors are identified that influence the EDI adoption practices of small firms. These factors are: organizational readiness (because of the low levels of IT sophistication and resource availability of small firms), external pressures to adopt (because of the weak market positions of small firms and the network nature of the technology), and perceived benefits (because of the limited impact that IT has on small firms due to under-utilization and lack of integration). By combining the anticipated effects of these factors, we developed a framework of EDI adoption by small businesses. The applicability of this framework is empirically demonstrated using the results of seven case studies. Finally, recommendations are made for the development of successful EDI partner expansion plans. These include the development of a long-term EDI partner expansion plan from the very beginning, the individual assessment of each partner’s EDI preparedness level, and the selection of appropriate influence tactics to expedite adoption by small partners. Specifically, it is suggested that EDI initiators pursue promotional efforts to improve partners’ perceptions of EDI benefits, provide financial and technological assistance to partners with low organizational readiness, and carefully select and enact influence strategies to reduce resistance.
Quantitative evaluation of spatial distribution of line structure in the lung for computer‐aided diagnosis of pulmonary nodules (2003)

Abstract In the discrimination of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, it is considered very important to evaluate the spatial distribution of the line structure around the nodule. For quantitative evaluation, a computer must be used. This paper proposes a method in which line structures, such as vessels, in the chest CT image are extracted, and their spatial distribution is quantitatively evaluated. First, the line structures in the three‐dimensional CT image are extracted, and the direction of the central line is estimated from the eigenvector of the Hessian matrix. The angle between the direction vector of a point on the central line and the vector directed from that point to the nodule center is defined as the “centripetal angle.” By a statistical analysis of the distribution of the centripetal angle, the spatial distribution of the line structure is estimated. In the proposed method, only the variation of the nodule center can affect the result. Consequently, stable operation is expected with a simple manipulation. The method is applied to 20 clinical cases, and satisfactory classification results are obtained. The effects of the image reconstruction algorithm and of parameter values such as the threshold of line structure extraction on the results of the proposed method are examined, and its robustness and range of application are determined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(9): 58–70, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10222
The Initial Phenomena in the Freezing Process of the Supercooled Water Flow. (2001)

In relation to the transportation of supercooled water, physical phenomena at the intial stage of solidification of supercooled water were studied, experimentally. In order to observe the inward growth phenomenon, a duct having a rectangular cross section was used. The cold copper plates with a constant temperature were placed at the top and bottom of the duct. Two side walls of the duct were made of acrylic material in order to observe the ice growth. It was found that ice grew on the inner surface towards the upstream direction at a constant speed. It related to the surface temperature and the type of the material. On the other hand, ice growth towards inside related to the inlet water temperature, surface temperature and flow rate. Type of the ice was dendrite ice. Time lag of inward ice growth and its melting at various locations were also investigated. The mechanism of the phenomenon was suggested that the existence of dendrite ice prevent a smooth laminar flow and the supercooled water near the cooling surface is mixed with the inner flow having relatively high temperature. It causes the ice to melt at downstream faster than that of upstream.
The Production of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Graded Porosity by Sequential Freeze-Casting (2017)

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with porosity-graded structures were fabricated by sequential freeze-casting. The pore structures, compressive strengths, and biocompatibilities of the fabricated porous HA scaffolds were evaluated. The porosities of the inner and outer layers of the graded HA scaffolds were controlled by adjusting the initial HA contents of the casting slurries. The interface between the dense and porous parts was compact and tightly adherent. The porosity and compressive strengths of the scaffold were controlled by the relative thicknesses of the dense/porous parts. In addition, the porous HA scaffolds showed good biocompatibility in terms of preosteoblast cell attachment and proliferation. The results suggest that porous HA scaffolds with load-bearing parts have potential as bone grafts in hard-tissue engineering.
The New Woman, the Hysteric... and Freud (1996)

The article discusses the concept of 'New woman', a term that came up in Western societies in the 19th century. Feminist historiography in relation to Lacanian psychoanalysis is highlighted.
Interaction of aggregated native and mutant IgE receptors with the cellular skeleton. (1992)

When aggregated, cell surface proteins become resistant to solubilization by detergents, presumably because of aggregation-induced or -stabilized interactions between the membrane protein and the cytoskeleton or plasma membrane skeleton. We genetically engineered variants of the tetrameric high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) to identify a site on its alpha, beta, or gamma chains that mediates such putative interactions. Using flow cytofluorometry, we studied rat basophilic leukemia cells, transiently transfected COS cells, and stably transfected P815 cells bearing wild-type and mutated receptors. We observed that (i) solubilization was markedly dependent on the degree of aggregation, the extent varying somewhat with the cell type and, particularly at lower levels of aggregation, with the time after addition of detergent; (ii) truncation of no single cytoplasmic domain of the alpha, beta, or gamma chains ablated the insolubilization effect; and (iii) incomplete receptors were also efficiently insolubilized by aggregation. Thus receptors consisting only of alpha and gamma chains, a "receptor" consisting of only the ectodomain of the alpha chain attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol anchor, and "receptors" consisting only of minimally modified gamma chains were resistant to solubilization after aggregation. We conclude that no unique subunit or domain of Fc epsilon RI mediates the insolubilization phenomenon. Our results support a model in which the bridging of membrane proteins leads to their becoming nonspecifically enmeshed in a network of membrane skeletal proteins on either the outside and/or the inside of the membrane so that dissolution of the lipid bilayer becomes irrelevant.
DEADLOCK PREDICTION IN THE CASE OF DYNAMIC ROUTING (1990)

One of the main issues in flow control problems is deadlock of messages caused by a limited amount of resources. In this paper, the problem of predicting whether a deadlock will necessarily occur in a Store-and-Forward Network is analyzed. We show that, in the case of dynamic routing, the deadlock prediction problem can be decided in polynomial time if tokens are allowed to transit more than once through the same vertex, in contrast with an NP-completeness result in the case where they are allowed to transit at most once.
Optimal location of vertical wells: Decomposition approach (1999)

Abstract The generation of a reservoir development plan with well locations, given a reservoir property map and a set of infrastructure constraints, represents a very challenging problem. The problem of selecting the optimal vertical well locations was formulated with 3‐D information as a MILP problem where the binary variables correspond to the decisions of well locations and vertical well completions. A novel decomposition‐based solution procedure is proposed to address real fields characterized by 60,000 grid points. The approach is based on the ideas of refining the feasible set of candidate well locations by applying quality cut constraints. For the solution of the subproblems required at each iteration, a model reformulation was then suggested that enables the efficient determination of the optimal well locations. Two industrial case studies are considered to illustrate the applicability of the proposed procedure to realistic large‐scale problems.
Combination of solid‐phase affinity capture on magnetic beads and mass spectrometry to study non‐covalent interactions: example of minor groove binding drugs (2005)

A simple and novel approach was developed to detect non-covalent interactions. It is based on combination of solid-phase affinity capture with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). One of the interacting molecules is bound to magnetic beads and is incubated with the target molecules in solution. The complex bound on the solid support is removed from the solution and transferred for MALDI analysis. Mass spectrometry is used only to detect the target compound, which is far more straightforward than detecting the intact non-covalent complex. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, an AT-rich oligonucleotide (5'-CCCCCAATTCCCCC-3') and its complementary biotinylated sequence (5'-biotin-GGGGGAATTGGGGG-3') were hybridized and immobilized to paramagnetic particles by streptavidin-biotin interaction. The immobilized duplex oligonucleotide was reacted with minor groove binding drugs, Netropsin, Distamycin A, Hoechst 33258 and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The resulting DNA-drug complex bound to the particles was separated and analyzed by linear MALDI-TOFMS after washing. Drugs were selectively detected in the spectra. Relative binding strengths were also estimated using competitive complexation.
Non-orthogonal waveforms for machine type communication (2017)

Machine type communication (MTC) is a typical scenario in 5G communication systems, and massive machine type communication (MMTC) is a main type of MTC. One prominent characteristic of MMTC is massive connections and sporadic transmission with short packets. To embrace the new challenge in 5G emerging scenarios, flexible filter-based waveforms have been widely studied recently. In this paper, we evaluate three candidate waveforms, i.e., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) and filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM) in MMTC. We conclude that UFMC and F-OFDM significantly reduce the out of band emission (OOBE) compared to OFDM. On the other hand, OFDM performs better than the other two non-orthogonal waveforms in terms of error performance for both frequency synchronous and asynchronous cases.
1341: FLUID ADMINISTRATION IN SEPSIS/SEPTIC SHOCK, PATTERNS AND OUTCOMES: LARGE NATIONAL DATABASE ANALYSIS (2016)

Copyright © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Perspectives on This Article from A Framework for Evaluating Biomarkers for Early Detection: Validation of Biomarker Panels for Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Perspectives on This Article from A Framework for Evaluating Biomarkers for Early Detection: Validation of Biomarker Panels for Ovarian Cancer
Separability and entanglement of two qubits density matrices using Lorentz transformations (2017)

Explicit separability of general two qubits density matrices is related to Lorentz transformations. We use the 4-dimensional form [Formula: see text] of the Hilbert–Schmidt (HS) decomposition of the density matrix. For the generic case, in which Lorentz transformations diagonalize [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text], we give relations between the [Formula: see text] and the [Formula: see text]. In particular, we consider two cases: (a) Two qubits density matrices with one pair of linear terms in the HS decomposition. (b) Two qubits density matrices with two or three symmetric pairs of linear terms. Some of the theoretical results are demonstrated by numerical calculations. The four non-generic cases (which may be reduced to case (a) are analyzed and the non-generic property is related explicitly to Lorentz velocity [Formula: see text] which is not reachable physically.
Validated Quantitation of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARA-II) in Human Plasma by Liquid-Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Minimum Sample Clean-up and Investigation of Ion Suppression (2007)

For the quantitation of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA-II) in human plasma, a method using liquid-chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been developed with respect to simple sample clean-up and investigation of ion suppression effects. For sample preparation, protein precipitation using zinc sulphate and methanol showed advantages in speed, recovery, and reproducibility over solid-phase extraction. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Sciex API 365) with turbo ionspray source was used for detection of compounds with multireaction monitoring (MRM) of two transitions per compound. Suppression effects caused by endogenous matrix compounds were investigated by post-column infusion of analytes and LC analysis of precipitates of blank plasma samples and could be excluded. A validation was performed for the ARA-II drugs (valsartan, irbesartan, losartan and its active metabolite EXP 3174, eprosartan, candesartan, and telmisartan). The developed method showed good intra- and interday precision (<12% relative standard deviation) and accuracy (<11.5% bias) at different concentrations for all the studied compounds. The calculated lower limits of quantitation were between 7 and 13 ng/mL, and the compounds were stable during the analytical process. These rather expensive drugs against hypertension are prescribed with increasing numbers in Europe and the industrialized nations. Complications might arise from overdosage or metabolic disorders. However, drug monitoring is not usually performed. Because the therapeutic concentrations range from a few nanograms to hundreds of nanograms per milliliter for the different drugs, and they are not amenable to gas chromatography/MS analysis because of their high molecular weight and polarity, the LC-MS/MS method is the golden standard for therapeutic drug monitoring and for clinical and forensic toxicology of ARA-II drugs.
Benefits of Digital Phased Array Radars (2016)

In this paper, an overview is given of the radar benefits of digital arrays in comparison with conventional phased arrays. Considered are passive and active phased arrays as well as subarray- and element-level digital arrays; their key differences are highlighted. A discussion of several radar attributes and performance measures follows to show the advantages and promise of element-level digital arrays as the newest generation architecture for radar and other electronic systems. Radar attributes considered are antenna patterns and beam control (including adaptive interference cancellation), dynamic range, in-band linearity, system phase noise, and angle measurement accuracy.
RECOGNITION OF TEMPORAL PATTERNS USING STATE TRANSITIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS (1988)

We propose a new neural network model for the recognition of spatio-temporal patterns. The ope­ ration of this model is based on the voluntarily or externally leaded state transition of activity patterns on mutually connected neurons. The model is composed of three layers of neurons. After the presentation of some spatio-temporal patterns there appear some specific activation patterns in the second layer of the model. The third layer watches the outputs of the second layer and classifies the spatial patterns. In this paper we demonstrate that the model has some interesting chacteristics related to the ability to recogn ize time-warped sequences, sequences that has not been isolated (segmented) to words, sequences that includes some dropping out of the constituent patterns, and sequences that includes some noise patterns. In other words the model can be interpreted to have the primitive functions of segmentat ion, top-down processing, and selective attention.
Efficient net extraction for restricted orientation designs [VLSI layout] (1996)

Net extraction is crucial in VLSI design verification. Current algorithms for net extraction do not exploit the fact that the number, c, of different orientations of the line segments or polygons in a practical VLSI mask design is small relative to the number, n, of segments or polygon edges. Instead they rely on computing all intersections in the input and hence take time that is at least proportional to the number of intersections. In this paper we develop and implement a practical algorithm for net extraction that runs in O(cn log n) time and O(n) space, which is optimal for fixed c. The algorithm uses only integer operations and is, as a result, numerically stable. Experiments indicate that the algorithm will outperform existing algorithms on practical VLSI designs. We expect that the techniques presented will be useful in other VLSI/CAD problems that operate with restricted orientation geometries.
[Factors regulating growth processes in the ovary]. (1992)

This paper summarizes the recent knowledge on the factors stimulating or inhibiting the ovarian growth. In the present review the following factors influencing growth processes in the ovary are discussed: gonadotropins, sex steroids, prolactin, renin, angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), growth hormone, insulin, prostaglandins, pineal indoleamines, tissue growth factors and others. The role of nervous system is also described in the study. Not only gonadotropins and other stimulatory factors but also inhibitory agents, e.g., melatonin should be considered in the ovarian growth regulation. The hypertrophic and/or hyperplastic processes in the ovary seem to be dependent on either the excess of stimulatory agents or the deficit of the growth inhibitors.