gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminating the heavy jet production mechanisms in associated Z + heavy flavor events at the LHC (2022)

Abstract We reconsider the associated Z boson and charm or beauty jet production at the LHC by paying special attention to the formation dynamics of heavy jets. Two different approaches are studied: first one, where heavy quarks are produced in the hard scattering subprocesses, implemented in the Monte-Carlo generator pegasus , and another method, where the hard scattering is calculated at NLO with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and TMD parton shower is included (implemented in the Monte-Carlo generator Cascade3 ). We compare the predictions obtained in both schemes with latest experimental data for associated $$Z + b$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> production cross sections and the relative production rate $$\sigma (Z + c)/\sigma (Z + b)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collected by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV. We introduce two kinematic observables (denoted as $$z_b$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and $$p_T^\mathrm{rel}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>rel</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ) which can be used to discriminate between the heavy jet production mechanisms. Using these variables we trace the shape of the simulated b -jet events and recommend that these observables be taken into consideration in the forthcoming experimental analyses.
Electrical Properties of Selected Rare Earth Compounds and Alloys (1964)

Rare earth elements, neodymium, gadolinium, samarium, cerium, erbium, and ytterbium, in compounds and alloys with Group V elements arsenic and antimony and Group VI elements selenium and tellurium have been studied. The properties discussed include carrier concentration and carrier mobility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric power as functions of temperature and composition. Several suggested applications utilizing these materials are presented.
Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation (2017)

The purpose of this study is to show the methodology for the examination of the white matter connections of the supplementary motor area (SMA) complex (pre-SMA and SMA proper) using a combination of fiber dissection techniques on cadaveric specimens and magnetic resonance (MR) tractography. The protocol will also describe the procedure for a white matter dissection of a human brain, diffusion tensor tractography imaging, and three-dimensional documentation. The fiber dissections on human brains and the 3D documentation were performed at the University of Minnesota, Microsurgery and Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery. Five postmortem human brain specimens and two whole heads were prepared in accordance with Klingler's method. Brain hemispheres were dissected step by step from lateral to medial and medial to lateral under an operating microscope, and 3D images were captured at every stage. All dissection results were supported by diffusion tensor imaging. Investigations on the connections in line with Meynert's fiber tract classification, including association fibers (short, superior longitudinal fasciculus I and frontal aslant tracts), projection fibers (corticospinal, claustrocortical, cingulum, and frontostriatal tracts), and commissural fibers (callosal fibers) were also conducted.
A Serendipitous Discovery: Nickel Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of Diynes with Unactivated Nitriles (2011)

Glückliche Kombination: Das Katalysatorsystem aus [Ni(cod)2] (cod=1,5-Cyclooctadien) und dem Liganden 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-9,9-dimethylxanthen (Xantphos) wurde zur Synthese von Pyridinen genutzt (siehe Schema). Die Reaktionen gelingen unter Umgebungsbedingungen mit ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Emulation of muscle tone of upper limb spasticity and rigidity (2013)

Stretching the elbow of patients with upper limb disorder elicits diverse muscle tone responses, for instance, in an increased, uniform or jerky manner. This work addresses the emulation of muscle tone of the symptoms of spasticity, lead-pipe rigidity and cogwheel rigidity in the upper limb. A hybrid actuation strategy capable of emulating dynamic muscle tone has been proposed. In such strategy, a Magneto-Rheological brake is used to produce the resistance for a constant stiffness, and supported by a DC servo motor to assist the time delay of the fluid particle settling rate of the magneto-rheological fluid. The outcome is a consistent replication of the motion characteristics where the resistance torque emulated at the elbow joint is in close resemblance with the simulated data of upper limb spasticity and rigidity.
High-yield synthesis of brookite TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles (2023)

A method for forming non-agglomerated brookite TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles without the use of expensive organic surfactants or high temperature processing. Embodiments of this invention use titanium isopropoxide as the titanium precursor and isopropanol as both the solvent and ligand for ligand-stabilized brookite-phase titania. Isopropanol molecules serve as the ligands interacting with the titania surfaces that stabilize the titania nanoparticles. The isopropanol ligands can be exchanged with other alcohols and other ligands during or after the nanoparticle formation reaction.
Coexistence of Contention-Based General Authorized Access Networks in 3.5 GHz CBRS Band (2018)

The opening up of the 3550-3700 MHz band in the US for Citizen's Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) represents a new opportunity for deploying spectrum-sharing cellular networks. The three-tier structure of the CBRS sharing regime with different interference protection constraints per tier imposes a coexistence challenge for networks based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE). As a result, contention-based channel access mechanisms can be incorporated into LTE networks as a method of sharing frequency channels assigned by the Spectrum Access System (SAS). In this work, we examine the design and implications of contention- based channel access for the lowest CBRS tier that comprises opportunistic users known as General Authorized Access (GAA) devices. In particular, we assess the suitability of Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) for GAA channel access. Performance evaluations for an outdoor deployment scenario show that LBT- based coexistence is effective for low-power GAA users or symmetric power situations, while a combination of LBT and channel allocation is preferred for asymmetric power situations with a mix of low and high-power GAA transmitters.
Protocol-based data-race detection (1998)

Distributed Shared-Memory (DSM) computers, which partition physical memory among a collection of workstationlike computing nodes, are now a common way to implement parallel machines. Recently, there has been much interest in DSM machines that use software, instead of hardware, to implement coherence protocols to manage data replication and cache coherence. Software offers many advantages, not the least of which is the possibility of adding significant functionality - such as race detection -to a protocol. This paper describes a new, transparent, protocol-based technique for automatically detecting data races on-the-fly. An implementation of this approach in a DSM system running on a Thinking Machines CM-5 found data races in two of a set of five shared-memory benchmarks. Monitored applications had slowdowns ranging from O-3 on 32 nodes.
Preparation of Ethylenedioxy Derivatives of Ketosteroids by Exchange Dioxolanation. An Improved Synthesis of Testosterone from Δ4-Androstene-3,17-dione1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Ethylenedioxy Derivatives of Ketosteroids by Exchange Dioxolanation. An Improved Synthesis of Testosterone from Δ4-Androstene-3,17-dione1Hyp J. Dauben Jr., Bjarte Löken, and Howard J. RingoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 5, 1359–1363Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01634a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01634a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views951Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-order dispersion mapping of an optical fiber (2019)

We report on measurements of high-order dispersion maps of an optical fiber, showing how the ratio between the third and fourth-order dispersion (β<sub>3</sub>/β<sub>4</sub>) and the zero-dispersion wavelength (λ<sub>0</sub>) vary along the length of the fiber. Our method is based on Four-Wave Mixing between short pulses derived from an incoherent pump and a weak laser. We find that the variations in the ratio β<sub>3</sub>/β<sub>4</sub> are correlated to those in λ<sub>0</sub>. We present also numerical calculations to illustrate the limits on the spatial resolution of the method. Due to the good accuracy in measuring λ<sub>0</sub> and β<sub>3</sub>/β<sub>4</sub> (10 <sup>-3</sup>% and 5% relative error, respectively), and its simplicity, the method can be used to identify fiber segments of good uniformity, suitable to build nonlinear optical devices such as parametric amplifiers and frequency comb generators.
Analysis of Functional Groups of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiation Treatment (2007)

Chao, A., Wang, T. H., Lee, Y. S., Hong, J. H., Tsai, C. N., Chen, C. K., Tsai, C. S., Chao, A. S. and Lai, C. H. Analysis of Functional Groups Differentially Expressed Genes in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiation Treatment. Radiat. Res. 169, 76-86 (2008). We prospectively investigated the gene expression profiles of cervical cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation treatment. Up-regulated genes associated with anemia were analyzed. Peripheral blood of 20 patients (bulky stage IB-IVA cervical squamous cell carcinomas) undergoing concurrent chemoradiation treatment at four times was collected. Total RNA extracted by the PAXgene Blood RNA System was analyzed with microarrays and MetaCoretrade mark functional network analyses. Fifty-three genes were significantly differentially expressed during concurrent chemoradiation treatment. Fetal and embryonic hemoglobin genes were up-regulated when patients had been severely myelosuppressed. Twenty-eight genes correlated significantly with the hemoglobin genes are involved in responses to hypoxia and oxygenation, TGF-beta signaling, cell cycle suppression, G-protein signaling, and transcriptional regulation. c-Myc has the highest rank in transcriptional co-regulation. In addition, IGKV1D-13 was significantly down-regulated in patients with severe hematological toxicity. These approaches identified biological processes in peripheral blood modulated by concurrent chemoradiation treatment and subsequent anemia.
Strafing Gain: Redirecting Users One Diagonal Step at a Time (2022)

Redirected walking can effectively utilize a user’s physical space when traversing larger virtual environments by using virtual self-motion gains for a user’s physical motions. In particular, curvature gain presents unique advantages in redirection but can lead to suboptimal orientations. To prevent this and add additional utility in redirected walking, we formally present strafing gain. Strafing gain seeks to add incremental lateral movements to a user’s position causing the user to walk along a diagonal trajectory while maintaining the original orientation of the user. In a study with 27 participants, we tested 11 values to determine the detection thresholds of strafing gain. The study, which was modeled on prior detection threshold studies, found that strafing gain could successfully redirect participants to walk along a 5.57° diagonal to the right and a 4.68° diagonal to the left. Furthermore, a supplementary study with 10 participants was conducted, verifying that orientation was maintained throughout redirection and validating the obtained detection thresholds. We discuss the implications of these findings and potential ways of improving these quantities in real-world applications.
Modulation of the thermoresponsive behavior of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) via cyclodextrin host/guest interactions (2013)

Author: Schmidt, Bernhard V. K. J. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Issued: 2013-08; Title: Modulation of the Thermoresponsive Behavior of<br/> Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) via Cyclodextrin Host/Guest Interactions
Internal distances in short polyelectrolytes: A Monte Carlo study (1993)

The new critical phenomenon of a coil-rod transition that was studied in our previous papers [J. Chem. Phys. 92, 4468 (1990); 93, 2736 (1990); 94, 3213 (1991); 97, 2119 (1992); J. Phys. Chem. 96, 5553 (1992)] is investigated further. The family of physical statistical bonds is expanded. An important additional bond, the linear statistical bond, is introduced. Parameters based on internal distance investigations are proposed and these are used to analyze the Monte Carlo data. One of the most important parameters is the average probability for a linear statistical bond at a site on the chain, ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{l}}$. Indications are reported that scaling behavior in polyelectrolyte chains exists only for chain lengths having the same kink fraction g. An important relation is shown between the average number of kinks, 〈${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{kink}}$〉, and D(2), the mean-square distance between the end beads of three adjacent beads in a cubic lattice: g=〈${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{kink}}$〉/N-2=1-[D(2)-2]/2=1-${\mathit{P}}_{1}$. In a previous article [J. Chem. Phys. 97, 2119 (1992)] we found that for a self-avoiding-walk chain, g is constant and equal to 0.77. This relation leads to new constants, ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$=0.23 and D(2)=2.46 squared cell units in addition to the constant mean straight length 〈${\mathit{l}}_{\mathit{s}}$〉=1.29 cell units, found in the above reference, to be connected to g.The large size effect that was found in this reference is also demonstrated here, i.e., segments of a small chain tend to expand less than segments of a long chain. The blob concept is examined and it is shown that all interior segments of the chain are stretched by repulsive interactions. This is inconsistent with the basic assumption of the blob concept. Howver, because the change in short segments of a chain is small when compared to the large change in long segments, the continued use of the blob concept remains valid for analytic estimations of the whole chain length. The polyelectrolyte expansion is extended to describe polymer expansion in general. An empirical relation is proposed between the mean-square radius of gyration 〈${\mathit{S}}^{2}$〉 and the mean-square internal distance between the ends of a half chain D(N/2), and is expressed by D(N/2)=3〈${\mathit{S}}^{2}$〉. An additional empirical relation is shown: ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$=D(N/3)/(N/3${)}^{2}$ where D(N/3) is the mean-square internal distance between the ends of one-third of the chain. Verification is found for the existence of the physical statistical bonds that vary with internal distance. The existence of these bonds is extended to various internal distances and to systems with various types of charge.
In vivo performance of pentaestergum-coated aspirin microcapsules (1987)

The in vivo study of the pentaestergum-coated aspirin microcapsules was carried out in two healthy female dogs. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and analysed for total salicylate content. The results were compared with plain aspirin granules. A delayed release of drug was observed from pentaestergumcoated drug microcapsules. Various pharmacokinetic parameters have been calculated and reported. The drug is absorbed from the dosage form and is made available for further therapeutic action at a particular receptor site. This is known as the bioavailability of the drug. The extent of drug absorbed and the rate of absorption are affected by a number of factors dependent upon the physicochemical properties of the drug, its biological properties and patient’s factors. The extent of drug absorption also depends upon the variable nature of the chemical environment throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. The extent of bioavailability is usually determined either by measuring the area under the blood concentration-time curve or from cumulative amounts of drug excreted in the urine. These are three parameters describing a blood level curve that are considered to be important in evaluating the bioequivalence of two formulations. These are (1) the peak height concentration, (2) the time of peak concentration and (3) the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. Although many in vitro methods are available and useful, there is no totally satisfactory in vitro substitute for the in viwo determination of drug availability in the evaluation of various dosage forms. We have reported the effect of pH on release characteristics of pentaestergum microcapsules (Pentaerythritol rosin ester) and the dissolution kinetics (Pathak and Dorle 1986). This communication deals with the in vivo evaluation of pentaestergum aspirin microcapsules in bitches. The drug was fed orally to the experimental animals. Blood samples were withdrawn at specified time intervals and analysed for total salicylates in the plasma. On the basis of plasma drug concentration various pharmacokinetic parameters have been studied and are discussed. Pentaestergum aspirin microcapsules were prepared by encapsulating aspirin I .I’. granules using a standard coating technique (Pathak et al. 1985). To study the in vivo performance two healthy bitches (A, 15 kg and B, 16kg) were used as experimental animals. They were fasted for 12 h before drug administration. Pentaestergum aspirin microcapsules were suspended in 20 ml of 5 per cent acacia solution, and 20 mg/kg aspirin dose equivalent microcapsules were administered through a stomach tube. An additional 50 ml of purified water was also given at the
AC power electronic systems: Stability and power quality (2008)

This paper presents an overview of ac power electronic system modeling and analysis methods. Characteristics of such systems are first discussed, and their applications and significance in renewable energy and distributed generation (DG), transportation, and other mobile and autonomous power systems are highlighted. Typical stability and power quality problems encountered in these systems are demonstrated by measurements from several practical systems. Small-signal analysis methods, such as phasor-based analysis, transformation into dq reference frame, reduced-order modeling, and harmonic linearization that are applicable to ac power electronic systems, are then reviewed and compared in terms of their applicability and limitations. Small-signal impedance modeling of rectifiers and inverters by harmonic linearization is reviewed in some detail. Limitation of the existing impedance-based system criterion when applied to current-source systems is identified and an extension of the theory is presented for application to grid-parallel inverters.
Influence of Seed Moisture on Lima Bean Stand Establishment and Growth (1984)

Abstract Field studies were conducted to examine the effect of increasing the moisture content of lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus ‘Kingston 098’) seed prior to planting. Seed moisture was adjusted by combining seed, vermiculite, and varying amounts of water in plastic packets which were then sealed and incubated at 22°C for 3 days. Initial seed moisture ranged from 8% to 56%. Trials were planted at 2 locations in 1981 (Becker and Rochester, Minn.), and at 3 locations in 1982 (Becker, St. Paul and Waseca, Minn.). Seed moisture above the normal 8% to 10% range increased emergence and stand establishment at all locations. As a general trend, increased seed moisture up to about 40% improved percentage of emergence and stand establishment. Harvest data varied between locations. Results from one location in both years showed elevated seed moisture to increase pods per plant, total pod dry weight, and total plant dry weight. Results from harvest (yield) data did not show consistent increases in the variables measured.
[Salvinorin A and related diterpenes--biological activity and potential therapeutic uses]. (2012)

Salvinorin A (SA) is the main active ingredient of Salvia divinorum, a naturally occurring hallucinogen plant from Mexico. Traditionally, herbal preparations obtained from Salvia were used by the Mazatec Indians for their divination rites and the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. SA is a selective K-opioid receptor agonist, producing antinociception in animals and humans and displaying regulatory effect on colonic function. Studies in humans demonstrated potent hallucinogenic effect of SA. The extensive research on SA and related neoclerodane diterpenes over the past few years resulted in a number of reports on their isolation, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization. In this review we try to summarize, from the pharmacological and synthetic point of view, the structure-activity relationship studies of SA and discuss the possible use of SA and its derivatives as therapeutics.