gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REDUCTION BEHAVIOUR OF TUNGSTEN DIOXIDE BY VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE (2016)

The reduction behaviour of tungsten dioxide (WO 2 ) under both non-isothermal and isothermal conditions in various concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated by using temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) techniques. The influences of carbon monoxide concentration (20 and 40% v/v CO in N 2 ) on the reducibility of WO 2 to tungsten metal W have been investigated in the temperature range 40 -900 C. The TPR profile shows that reduction using 40% CO produce higher thermal conductivity detector (TCD) signal in comparison by using 20 % CO. XRD results show that, by increasing the concentration of CO, the intensity of WO 2 decreases and tungsten carbide (WC) peak appeared. Moreover, holding the reduction time for 30 min in 20 and 40% of CO resulted in the formation of new peak of tungsten hemi carbide (W 2 C) and WC, respectively. It can be concluded that by using CO, reduction steps comprise of WO 2 W W 2 C WC. The reduction behaviour of WO 2 is strongly dependent on the concentration of CO and hold time of reaction. Furthermore, excess of CO by isothermal reduction results in the formation of WC.
Vascular Surgery Pain Outcomes Improved by Implementing Hospitalist Comanagement Service (2016)

This preliminary study aims to investigate the impact of introducing a hospitalist comanagement service on inpatient vascular surgery pain outcomes.
Effect of speech coders on speech recognition performance (1996)

Speech coders with bitrates as low as 2.4 kbits/s are now being developed for speech transmission in the telecommunications industry. For speech coders to work at this reduced bitrate, some speech information has to be removed and it is only natural to expect that the performance of speech recognition systems will deteriorate when coded speech is applied as input to a recognition system. The results of a study to examine the effects speech coders have on speech recognition am presented. Six different speech coders ranging from 4.8 kbits/s to 40 kbits/s are used with two different speech recognition systems: (1) isolated word recognition and (2) phoneme recognition from continuous speech. The effects on speech recognition performance by tandeming each of the speech coders are also presented.
Forty Years of Erratic Insecticide Resistance Evolution in the Mosquito Culex pipiens (2007)

One view of adaptation is that it proceeds by the slow and steady accumulation of beneficial mutations with small effects. It is difficult to test this model, since in most cases the genetic basis of adaptation can only be studied a posteriori with traits that have evolved for a long period of time through an unknown sequence of steps. In this paper, we show how ace-1, a gene involved in resistance to organophosphorous insecticide in the mosquito Culex pipiens, has evolved during 40 years of an insecticide control program. Initially, a major resistance allele with strong deleterious side effects spread through the population. Later, a duplication combining a susceptible and a resistance ace-1 allele began to spread but did not replace the original resistance allele, as it is sublethal when homozygous. Last, a second duplication, (also sublethal when homozygous) began to spread because heterozygotes for the two duplications do not exhibit deleterious pleiotropic effects. Double overdominance now maintains these four alleles across treated and nontreated areas. Thus, ace-1 evolution does not proceed via the steady accumulation of beneficial mutations. Instead, resistance evolution has been an erratic combination of mutation, positive selection, and the rearrangement of existing variation leading to complex genetic architecture.
Fc receptors and the diversity of antibody responses to HIV infection and vaccination (2022)

The development of an effective vaccine against HIV is desperately needed. The successive failures of HIV vaccine efficacy trials in recent decades have shown the difficulty of inducing an appropriate protective immune response to fight HIV. Different correlates of antibody parameters associated with a decreased risk of HIV-1 acquisition have been identified. However, these parameters are difficult to reproduce and improve, possibly because they have an intricate and combined action. Here, we describe the numerous antibody (Ab) functions associated with HIV-1 protection and report the interrelated parameters regulating their complex functions. Indeed, besides neutralizing and Fc-mediated activity, additional factors such as Ab type, concentration and kinetics of induction, and Fc-receptor expression and binding capacity also influence the protective effect conferred by Abs. As these parameters were described to be associated with ethnicity, age and sex, these additional factors must be considered for the development of an effective immune response. Therefore, future vaccine designs need to consider these multifaceted Ab functions together with the demographic attributes of the patient populations.
Nucleoside analogues. 9. Seco-nucleoside analogues of some 5-fluorouracil/nitrosourea molecular combinations having uracil as base: synthesis and anti-tumour activity. (1989)

The synthesis of representative seco-nucleoside analogues of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/nitrosourea molecular combinations having uracil (U) as base instead of 5-FU is described. The anti-tumour activity of corresponding pairs of drugs is compared in experimental tumours of the mouse colon, lung and breast. These studies have demonstrated that the presence of a hydrogen or fluorine atom at pyrimidine C-5 is unimportant for the activity shown against most of the experimental tumours employed, rather that the pyrimidine cyclic urea and/or alkylthio functionalities may constitute the critical factors. One exception is the prototypical compound B.3839 and its U analogue B.3912. B.3839 is highly active against colon 38 adenocarcinoma, a tumour which is highly responsive to 5-FU, whereas most of the activity is lost in B.3912. The 5-FU release profile of some of these molecular combinations could be adequate or effective in treatment of slow-growing clinical tumours.
PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL DALAM NEGERI, PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, DAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA: PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL DALAM NEGERI, PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, DAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA (2021)

Pembangunan ekonomi adalah suatu proses kenaikan pendapatan total dan pendapatan perkapita dengan memperhitungkan adanya pertambahan penduduk dan disertai dengan perubahan fundamental dalam struktur ekonomi suatu negara dan pemerataan pendapatan bagi penduduk suatu negara. Proses pembangunan ekonomi biasanya tidak hanya ditandai dengan terjadinya perubahan pada struktur permintaan serta penawaran barang dan jasa yang diproduksi (Ro’yati, 2017).
Pembangunan daerah dimaksudkan untuk mendorong, memberdayakan masyarakat, menumbuhkan prakarsa serta meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam rangka membangun daerahnya, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pembangunan yang dilaksanakan daerah meliputi berbagai bidang, salah satunya pembangunan ekonomi (Agustini dan Panca Kurniasih, 2017).
Penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Menurut Sugiyono, (2014) penelitian kuantitatif adalah penelitian yang menitikberatkan analisis dengan menggunakan alat uji statistik.
Role of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in growth control and carcinogenesis (2000)

Interest in the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in growth control and carcinogenesis has recently been increased by the finding of elevated serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in association with three of the most prevalent cancers in the United States: prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. IGFs serve as endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine stimulators of mitogenesis, survival, and cellular transformation. These actions are mediated through the type 1 IGF-receptor (IGF-1R), a tyrosine kinase that resembles the insulin receptor. The availability of free IGF for interaction with the IGF-1R is modulated by the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBPs, especially IGFBP-3, also have IGF-independent effects on cell growth. IGF-independent growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 is believed to occur through IGFBP-3-specific cell surface association proteins or receptors and involves nuclear translocation. IGFBP-3-mediated apoptosis is controlled by numerous cell cycle regulators in both normal and disease processes. IGFBP activity is also regulated by IGFBP proteases, which affect the relative affinities of IGFBPs, IGFs and IGF-1R. Perturbations in each level of the IGF axis have been implicated in cancer formation and progression in various cell types.
Transport Properties of Monolayer MoS2 Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2014)

Recent success in the growth of monolayer MoS2 via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has opened up prospects for the implementation of these materials into thin film electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we investigate the electronic transport properties of individual crystallites of high quality CVD-grown monolayer MoS2. The devices show low temperature mobilities up to 500 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and a clear signature of metallic conduction at high doping densities. These characteristics are comparable to the electronic properties of the best mechanically exfoliated monolayers in literature, verifying the high electronic quality of the CVD-grown materials. We analyze the different scattering mechanisms and show that the short-range scattering plays a dominant role in the highly conducting regime at low temperatures. Additionally, the influence of optical phonons as a limiting factor is discussed.
Food insecurity is associated with dietary intake and diet quality of low‐income adults (2013)

Food insecurity has been linked with poor physical health among adults. Using 1999–2008 NHANES data, we examined associations between food insecurity and dietary intake and diet quality among 8,098 low‐income nonelderly adults with household incomes ≤300% of the federal poverty level. Usual dietary intake was estimated with 1–2 24‐hour recalls using the National Cancer Institute method. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, very low food security was associated with consuming fewer servings of fruits (Relative Difference (RD)=0.93, 95% CI 0.87, 1.00), vegetables (RD=0.93, 95% CI 0.90, 0.97, P‐trend=0.004), and white potatoes (RD=0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.97, P‐trend&lt;0.001), and more servings of red and processed meat (RD=1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10, P‐trend=0.01), high‐fat dairy (RD=1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.20, P‐trend&lt;0.001), and sugar‐sweetened beverages (RD=1.12, 95% CI 1.04, 1.21, P‐trend= 0.006). No differences were observed for total energy and macronutrients; few differences were observed for micronutrients. Very low food security was also associated with a 4% lower Healthy Eating Index‐2005 scores (95% CI −4%, −4%, P‐trend&lt; 0.001) and a 5% lower Alternate Healthy Eating Index‐2010 scores (95% CI −5%, −5%, P‐trend&lt;0.001). These results suggest that food insecurity is adversely associated with diet quality among low‐income adults.
PEN Film Surface Development Using High-Frequency - Low Pressure Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition System (2014)

Solar cell converts sunlight into electricity with no moving parts and environmental friendly. Although silicon based solar cell is currently more efficient, the dye-sensitized solar cell is considerably cheaper to manufacture because of its low cost materials and simplicity process of fabrication. In this paper, the development of plasma formed equipment for thin film material on flexible solar cell using low-pressure high frequency Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition method on the surface of Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) with the mixture of Ar gas and N 2 gas is presented. The results indicate that using this method can be possible for surface modification.
Hint1 Inhibits Growth and Activator Protein-1 Activity in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2007)

There is accumulating evidence that histidine triad (HIT) nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), a member of the evolutionary highly conserved HIT protein super family, is a novel tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism of action of HINT1 with respect to tumor suppression is not known. In the present study, we found that a series of human colon cancer cell lines displayed various levels of expression of HINT1, with a very low level in SW480 cells. This cell line also displayed partial methylation of the promoter region of the Hint1 gene, and treatment of these cells with 5-azadeoxycitidine increased expression of Hint1 mRNA and protein. Therefore, the decreased expression of HINT1 in SW480 cells seems to be due to epigenetic silencing. Increased expression of HINT1 in these cells, using a retrovirus vector (pLNCX2) that encodes either wild-type (WT) Hint1 or a point mutant (His(112)/Asn(112)) of Hint1, inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells. Because of the important role of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor in cancer cells, we examined possible effects of HINT1 on AP-1 transcription factor activity in SW480 cells transfected with an AP-1-luciferase reporter. We found that cotransfection with a pHA-Hint1 plasmid DNA significantly inhibited this activity. Studies with inhibitors indicated that AP-1 activity in SW480 cells requires the activity of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) 2 and not JNK1. Cotransfection with the Hint1 plasmid DNA also inhibited AP-1-luciferase reporter activity in WT mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) studies, and studies with JNK1 deleted or JNK2 deleted MEFs confirmed the essential role for JNK2, but not JNK1, in mediating AP-1 activity. Recent studies indicate that the protein plenty of SH3 (POSH) provides a scaffold that enhances JNK activity. We found that cotransfection of a plasmid DNA encoding POSH stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun and also AP-1 reporter activity, and cotransfection with Hint1 inhibited both of these activities. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation studies provided evidence that HINT1 forms an in vivo complex with POSH and JNK. These results suggest that HINT1 inhibits AP-1 activity by binding to a POSH-JNK2 complex, thus inhibiting the phosphorylation of c-Jun. This effect could contribute to the tumor suppressor activity of HINT1.
Macromolecular bioactivity: is it resonant interaction between macromolecules?-theory and applications (1994)

Biological processes in any living organism are based on selective interactions between particular biomolecules. In most cases, these interactions involve and are driven by proteins which are the main conductors of any living process within the organism. The physical nature of these interactions is still not well known. This paper represents a whole new view to biomolecular interactions, in particular protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, based on the assumption that these interactions are electromagnetic in their nature. This new approach is incorporated in the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which was developed over the last 10 years. It has been shown initially that certain periodicities within the distribution of energies of delocalized electrons along a protein molecule are critical for protein biological function, i.e., interaction with its target. If protein conductivity was introduced, then a charge moving through protein backbone can produce electromagnetic irradiation or absorption with spectral characteristics corresponding to energy distribution along the protein. The RRM enables these spectral characteristics, which were found to be in the range of infrared and visible light, to be calculated. These theoretically calculated spectra were proved using experimentally obtained frequency characteristics of some light-induced biological processes. Furthermore, completely new peptides with desired spectral characteristics, and consequently corresponding biological activities, were designed.
Spacecraft Jitter Prediction using 6-DOF Disturbance (2009)

Recent trends in spacecraft development favor optical payloads with good resolution on low mass platforms with agile pointing capability. For a payload with good resolution, pointing stability is a key performance metric. However, as spacecraft inertia decreases, the payload line-of-sight stability becomes increasingly susceptible to disturbance inputs. In addition, as spacecraft agility increases there is a corresponding increase in disturbances from attitude control actuators. SpaceDev has developed a 6-DOF measurement platform, known as the Hexapod Reaction Balance, to accurately measure disturbance inputs from attitude actuators. It is based on 6 force transducers that are mapped to force and moment measurements at 10 kHz. In addition, we have created a technique for reducing the data in the frequency domain and applying it to spacecraft structural models to predict system jitter. This paper discusses the system wide issues of creating a jitter prediction in the context of the SpaceDev Trailblazer satellite, which includes 4 reaction wheels as disturbance inputs and a finite element model of the structure. Data collection, data reduction, system modeling, and typical results are presented. 12
Anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2017)

The current disclosure relates to an anode material with the general formula MySb-M′Ox—C, where M and M′ are metals and M′Ox—C forms a matrix containing MySb. It also relates to an anode material with the general formula MySn-M′Cx—C, where M and M′ are metals and M′Cx—C forms a matrix containing MySn. It further relates to an anode material with the general formula Mo3Sb7—C, where —C forms a matrix containing Mo3Sb7. The disclosure also relates to an anode material with the general formula MySb-M′Cx—C, where M and M′ are metals and M′Cx—C forms a matrix containing MySb. Other embodiments of this disclosure relate to anodes or rechargeable batteries containing these materials as well as methods of making these materials using ball-milling techniques and furnace heating.
Wear of D2 Tool Steel Dies during Trimming DP980-type Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) for Automotive Parts (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Automobile body panels made from advanced high strength steel (AHSS) provide high strength-to-mass ratio and thus AHSS are important for automotive light-weighting strategy. However, in order to increase their use, the significant wear damage that AHSS sheets cause to the trim dies should be reduced. The wear of dies has undesirable consequences including deterioration of trimmed parts' edges. In this research, die wear measurement techniques that consisted of white-light optical interferometry methods supported by large depth-of-field optical microscopy were developed. 1.4 mm-thick DP980-type AHSS sheets were trimmed using dies made from AISI D2 steel. A clearance of 10% of the thickness of the sheets was maintained between the upper and lower dies. The wear of the upper and lower dies was evaluated and material abrasion and chipping were identified as the main damage features at the trim edges. This paper quantifies the wear on the upper and lower dies between 20,000 - 230,000 trimming cycles and notes the observed differences between the wear characteristics in the upper and lower dies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Proteomic Approach for the Discovery of Early Detection Markers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2001)

Individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B or C virus (HBV, HCV) are at high risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with disease progression occurring relentlessly over many years. The diagnosis of HCC usually occurs at late stages in the disease when there are few effective treatment options and the prognosis for patients with HCC is very poor. The long latency period, together with clearly identified at risk populations, provide opportunities for earlier detection that will allow more timely and effective treatment of this devastating cancer. We are using a proteomic approach to test the hypothesis that changes in the amount of certain serum polypeptides, or changes in their post-translational modifications, can be used to predict the onset of HCC. Advances in the standardization of two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled with computerized image analysis now permit the reproducible resolution of thousands of polypeptides per run. Serum polypeptides from individuals at different stages in the disease continuum are being resolved by 2DE to identify those that change with disease progression. Polypeptides found by this method can be further characterized by mass spectrometry. In addition, the potential for changes in the glycan structure of certain polypeptides to serve as a marker for disease progression can be explored. The proteomic approach is expected to liberate us from the need to "cherry pick" or guess the best biomarkers and let the data tell us which are the best indicators of disease. Information may also be gleaned about the pathobiology of the disease process.
A Miniaturized 4 : 1 Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider Using Artificial Transmission Lines and Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Lines (2017)

A 4 : 1 unequal Wilkinson power divider using microstrip artificial transmission lines (ATLs) is proposed. For the ATL, a series of meandered-line inductors, parallel-plate capacitors, and interdigital capacitors are employed. The designed power divider is composed of three ATLs, and a method has been proposed using technology of ATLs and double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSLs) to design line of high characteristic impedance. Microstrip line with very high characteristic impedance of over 150 Ω has been achieved by this method, which cannot be easily achieved by conventional transmission lines because of comparably thin conductor width. The fabricated 4 : 1 unequal power divider has good operational performance and occupies<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">55.3</mml:mn><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">37.8</mml:mn></mml:math> mm, which is only about 40% of area compared to a conventional one at 0.9 GHz.
Gene Identification in Asthma and Allergy (1998)

Asthma and atopy are due to the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The genetic basis of asthma and atopy is becoming more certain, with the promise of improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. A combination of candidate gene and positional cloning studies has already identified several genes which influence allergic disease. These genes predispose in general to atopy, or influence the specific IgE response to individual allergens, or enhance inflammation independently of atopic mechanisms. In addition to these known factors, the chromosomal localisation of other putative genes is becoming clear.
PRiMeUM: A Model for Predicting Risk of Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma (2017)

PRiMeUM provides a tool for predicting an individual's personal risk of metastasis based on their individual and tumor characteristics. It will aid physicians with decisions concerning frequency of systemic surveillance and can be used as a criterion for entering clinical trials for adjuvant therapies.