gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematein Inhibits Atherosclerosis by Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Generation and NF-κB–Dependent Inflammatory Mediators in Hyperlipidemic Mice (2003)

Hematein, a natural compound, is a known anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic agent in the rabbit model. The authors investigated the effects of this compound on atherogenesis and possible mechanisms of the actions in the hyperlipidemic mice. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice fed a high-cholesterol diet alone for 8 weeks developed the fatty streak lesion in the aortic sinus, whereas this lesion was significantly reduced by hematein treatment without a change in plasma lipid levels compared with control mice. Hematein treatment reduced plasma levels of lipid peroxide and superoxide generation in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage. Hematein treatment inhibited NF-kappaB-DNA binding activity in peritoneal macrophages from Ldlr-/- mice and the activation of NF-kappaB in RAW264.7 macrophages. This compound suppressed plasma nitrite/nitrate levels in Ldlr-/- mice and NO production and iNOS expression in LPS+IFNgamma-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Hematein treatment also suppressed the activity of iNOS promoters in RAW264.7 macrophages, and reduced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and the production of these cytokines in LPS+IFNgamma-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that hematein inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation, possibly by reducing proinflammatory mediators through a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation and NF-kappaB activation.
Human spermatogenic cell marker proteins detected by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (1983)

Abstract Highly homogeneous populations of human pachytene spetmatocytes and round spermatids have been obtained from normal adult testis using unit gravity (STA‐PUT) sedimentation. Contaminating Leydig cells have been removed by density centrifugation in discontinuous Percoll gradients to yield resultant germ cell purities of 90–95% for pachytene spermatocytes and 89–96% for round spermatids. The total cellular polypeptide composition of separated human germ cells has been analyzed by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to compare 1) human and mouse pachytene spermatocytes (species specificity), 2) samples of human spermatocytes obtained from different individuals (allo specificity), and 3) pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids from the same patients (stage specificity). Mouse and human germ cells have been found to exhibit extensive homology, but identified marker proteins limited to human spermatocytes include a group of polypeptides at p45/5.9 as well as a protein at p67/5.2. Proteins unique to mouse germ cells include component p65/5.5. Comparisons between different preparations of human pachytene spermatocytes have revealed about 90% electrophoretic homology, but some striking allotypic variations have been noted including the proteins at p45/5.9. Finally, presumptive stage‐specific spermatogenic cell markers have been identified including the p45/5.9 polypeptides that are present only in human spermatocytes. Although the physiological roles of particular marker proteins have not yet been determined, the present findings indicate that purified spermatogenic cell populations may be analyzed biochemically to identify constituents important in the regulation of sperm development in man.
Inter-turn fault modeling of a variable speed pm wind generator using physics-based approach (2011)

Model-based approaches to the inter-turn fault diagnosis of electrical machinery cover three main categories: fault modeling, feature extraction, and classification. In this paper, the modeling of a PM generator with the internal permanent short circuit fault under speed variation is presented. For this purpose, the geometrical dimensions, winding arrangement, material, and phase resistance of a typical PM machine are designed. The designed values are used to create a physics-based phase variable model of the PM generator. The Physics-based phase variable model of the machine is created using the back emf's and inductances obtained from a nonlinear transient FE analysis of the machine. The permanent fault is modeled as a parallel resistance with some turns in one of the phases. The physics-based model of the machine includes information about the fault location and the number of turns which are shorted. The Physics- based phase variable generator model is then placed in a network consisting of a rectifier, dc bus, DC/AC converter, and a balanced AC load. The effects of variation in the number of shorted-turns, fault resistance, and speed on the voltages terminals of generator were studied. The simulated results show promising information for the identification of inter-turn faults and their classification for the diagnostic studies of a variable speed wind PM machine.
Tracking of Nonstationary Noise Based on Data-Driven Recursive Noise Power Estimation (2008)

This paper considers estimation of the noise spectral variance from speech signals contaminated by highly nonstationary noise sources. The method can accurately track fast changes in noise power level (up to about 10 dB/s). In each time frame, for each frequency bin, the noise variance estimate is updated recursively with the minimum mean-square error (mmse) estimate of the current noise power. A time- and frequency-dependent smoothing parameter is used, which is varied according to an estimate of speech presence probability. In this way, the amount of speech power leaking into the noise estimates is kept low. For the estimation of the noise power, a spectral gain function is used, which is found by an iterative data-driven training method. The proposed noise tracking method is tested on various stationary and nonstationary noise sources, for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios, and compared with two state-of-the-art methods. When used in a speech enhancement system, improvements in segmental signal-to-noise ratio of more than 1 dB can be obtained for the most nonstationary noise sources at high noise levels.
Limiting Defects in n‐Type Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2019)

Multicrystalline (mc) solar cells made from n‐type silicon feedstock have shown record efficiencies of 22.3% in a tunnel‐oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) cell structure. Still, material‐related carrier recombination limits the attainable efficiency. Herein, the findings of metallic impurity and structural defect concentration present in n‐type mc silicon are summarized, and their limiting properties on carrier lifetime and cell performance are elaborated. Applying a dedicated model for carrier recombination at precipitate–silicon interfaces, it is demonstrated that carrier recombination at metallic precipitates may dominate in the analyzed material. Direct evidence of the recombination activity of iron precipitates in n‐type silicon is given by an analysis of intentionally grown iron precipitates: From a comparison of micro X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF) analyses of differently sized iron precipitates and local carrier recombination from micro‐photoluminescence (μPL), a direct correlation with enhanced carrier recombination is found. From these results, it is concluded that the high‐performance n‐type mc silicon is limited by recombination at (decorated) structural defects, namely, dislocation clusters and grain boundaries, whereas defects in the inner grains are not limiting the efficiency potential. Finally, cell degradation under illumination and elevated temperature for n‐type mc‐silicon solar cells are discussed.
Effects of resistance spot welding parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar material joints of galvanised high strength steel and aluminium alloy (2011)

Intermediate frequency resistance spot welding has been adopted to join dissimilar materials of H220YD galvanised high strength steel and 6008 aluminium alloy. The effects of welding current and welding time on microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. A thin intermetallic compound layer composed of Fe 2 Al 5 phase and Fe 4 Al 13 phase formed at the steel/aluminium interface. The interfacial intermetallic compound layer has higher nanohardness compared with the aluminium alloy nugget and galvanised steel. With increasing welding current (4–11 kA) and welding time (50–300 ms), the nugget diameter increased, the interfacial layer structure became coarser and the tensile shear load of the welded joints had an increased tendency. The maximum tensile shear load reached 3309 N at 9 kA for 250 ms. Crack initiated at the interfacial intermetallic compound layer of the tensile shear specimens, then propagated through the interfacial layer principally, and meantime through the aluminium alloy fusion zone near the interface partially.
Transposons: a blessing curse (2018)

The genomes of most plant species are dominated by transposable elements (TEs). Once considered as 'junk DNA', TEs are now known to have a major role in driving genome evolution. Over the last decade, it has become apparent that some stress conditions and other environmental stimuli can drive bursts of activity of certain TE families and consequently new TE insertions. These can give rise to altered gene expression patterns and phenotypes, with new TE insertions sometimes causing flanking genes to become transcriptionally responsive to the same stress conditions that activated the TE in the first place. Such connections between TE-mediated increases in diversity and an accelerated rate of genome evolution provide powerful mechanisms for plants to adapt more rapidly to new environmental conditions. This review will focus on environmentally induced transposition, the mechanisms by which it alters gene expression, and the consequences for plant genome evolution and breeding.
Contour-integral equation formulation of complex gyrator admittance of junction circulators using triangular resonators (1985)

The contour-integral formulation has been demonstrated to be well suited for the description of planar junction circulators. It is employed in the paper to investigate the complex-gyrator admittance of planar circulators using side-coupled triangular resonators. As the field of solutions exhibited by this resonator is as rich and varied as that employing the classic disc, one computer-orientated practice is essential for everyday design. Circulation solutions using wide coupling angles are more readily realised using this resonator shape, without destroying its character, than is the case with other configurations.
Superchiral near fields detect virus structure (2020)

Optical spectroscopy can be used to quickly characterise the structural properties of individual molecules. However, it cannot be applied to biological assemblies because light is generally blind to the spatial distribution of the component molecules. This insensitivity arises from the mismatch in length scales between the assemblies (a few tens of nm) and the wavelength of light required to excite chromophores (≥150 nm). Consequently, with conventional spectroscopy, ordered assemblies, such as the icosahedral capsids of viruses, appear to be indistinguishable isotropic spherical objects. This limits potential routes to rapid high-throughput portable detection appropriate for point-of-care diagnostics. Here, we demonstrate that chiral electromagnetic (EM) near fields, which have both enhanced chiral asymmetry (referred to as superchirality) and subwavelength spatial localisation (∼10 nm), can detect the icosahedral structure of virus capsids. Thus, they can detect both the presence and relative orientation of a bound virus capsid. To illustrate the potential uses of the exquisite structural sensitivity of subwavelength superchiral fields, we have used them to successfully detect virus particles in the complex milieu of blood serum.
Downregulation of T cell responses by antibodies to the T cell receptor. (1987)

We have derived a T cell clone that recognizes and responds to three different types of antigen: self + X (fowl gamma globulin + H-2d), allo-H-2p,b, and minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mlsa,d) determinants. Anti-TcR mAb and their F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were tested for their capacity to block the response of this clone. When responses were assayed on day 4 or later, addition of KJ16 or F23.1 mAb caused a marked inhibition of the response to each of the three antigens recognized by the clone. Responses measured at earlier time points however were unaffected or enhanced. This finding suggested that the inhibitory effects of anti-TcR mAb that followed the phase of enhancement might have reflected downregulation of the cells rather than simple blockade of TcR. In support of this possibility it was found that addition of anti-TcR mAb caused marked inhibition of the response of the clone to IL-2, i.e., a response that is not known to involve the TcR.
Nonlinear Rolling Motion Analysis of a Canard-Controlled Missile Configuration at Angles of Attack from 0 to 30 deg in Incompressible Flow (1978)

Dynamic subsonic wind tunnel test data are presented for four canard- controlled missile configurations at angles of attack from 0 to 30 deg. The configurations included three body build-up configurations (canard plus body, body plus tail, and canard plus body plus tail) with zero fin deflections. A canard plus body plus tail configuration with a 15 deg canard pitch control deflection was also tested. Nonlinear static and dynamic roll moment coefficients were extracted from the test data by fitting a differential equation of rolling motion to the test data using a global nonlinear least- squares procedure. The results indicated that the equation of motion was adequate to describe the canard-controlled configurations' rolling motion. Extracted linear roll damping coefficients showed that the roll damping moment is a nonlinear function of angle of attack for all the configurations. Roll damping was also found to vary with the missiles' roll angle at angles of attack above 20 deg. The results for the body build-up configurations show that there is a significant canard/tail interference present on the canard plus body plus tail configuration. The canard contribution to the induced roll moment is small. The results for the canard plus body plus tail configuration with the 15 deg pitch control deflection on the canards show that the canard deflection generally increases the roll damping moment. (Author)
Supplementary Data from Identification of the Targets of T-cell Receptor Therapeutic Agents and Cells by Use of a High-Throughput Genetic Platform (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables and Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Elevated expression of BAFF receptor, BR3, on monocytes correlates with B cell activation and clinical features of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (2020)

Our data suggest that elevated BR3 expression in monocytes is associated with clinical features in pSS patients and that enhanced production of IL-6 by BAFF-stimulated monocytes plays a part in the overproduction of IgG by B cells in pSS. These results suggest that BAFF signaling pathways through BR3 in monocytes are possible therapeutic targets for pSS.
Decomposable and Template Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications (2016)

Polymers can be used as temporary place holders in the fabrication of embedded air gaps in a variety of electronic devices. Embedded air cavities can provide the lowest dielectric constant and loss for electrical insulation, mechanical compliance in devices where low-force deformations are desirable, and can temporarily protect movable parts during processing. Several families of polymers have been used as sacrificial, templating polymers including polycarbonates, polynorbornenes (PNBs), and polyaldehydes. The families can be distinguished by chemical structure and decomposition temperature. The decomposition temperature ranges from over 400 °C to below room temperature in the case of low ceiling temperature polymers. Overcoat materials include silicon dioxide, polyimides, epoxy, and bis-benzocyclobutene (BCB). The methods of air-gap fabrication are discussed. Finally, the use of photoactive compounds in the patterning of the sacrificial polymers is reviewed.
Orientierende Untersuchungen zur elektrokinetischen Sicherung kontaminierter Standorte (1995)

Forschungsprojekte aus den USA und den Niederlanden haben die vielseitige Einsetzbarkeit der Elektrokinetik bereits bewiesen. Erfolgreich eingesetzt wurde die Methode z. B. in den USA als Präventivmaßnahme zum Schutz des Grundwassers im An- und Abstrombereich von Deponien. Beprobungen von Boden und Grundwasser auf dem Gelände der TFH Wildau ergaben Schadstoffkonzentrationen, die die Grenz-/Richtwerte zum Teil um mehr als das 1000-fache übersteigen. Die größten bisher festgestellten Arsenkonzentrationen betragen 51.000 µg/l (Grenzwert 60 µg/l); an dieser Stelle ist die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Grundwassers größer als 20.000 µS/cm (Normalwerte liegen zwischen 500 und 1.33 µS/cm). Da insbesondere Arsen in Boden und Grundwasser sehr mobil ist, ist davon auszugehen, daß das Grundwasser in einem größeren Bereich kontaminiert ist. Die Quellorte des Schadstoffeintrags sind z. Z. noch nicht hinreichend erfaßt. Dazu wären z. B. flächendeckende geophysikalische Kartierungen erforderlich. Vorbereitend dazu wurde im Rahmen des beantragten Projekts eine geophysikalische Untersuchung des Flurstücks 480/2 (ehemaliges Sportplatzgelände) auf dem Gelände der TFH Wildau durchgeführt. Aus den Untersuchungen geht ein unmittelbarer Handlungsbedarf hervor.
Binocular Benefit Following Monocular Subretinal AAV Injection in a Mouse Model of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP) (2021)

Abstract Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) is frequently caused by mutations in RHO , the gene for rhodopsin. In previous experiments in dogs with the T4R mutation in RHO , an AAV2/5 vector expressing both an shRNA directed to human and dog RHO mRNA and an shRNA-resistant human RHO cDNA (AAV- RHO820-shRNA820 ) prevented retinal degeneration for more than 8 months following injection. To confirm that this same vector could protect the retinas of a different species and bearing a different RHO mutation, we injected mice transgenic for human P23H RHO at postnatal day 30 in one eye. For nine months, we monitored their retinal structure using spectral- domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and retinal function using electroretinography (ERG). We compared these to P23H RHO transgenic mice injected with AAV-GFP. Though retinas continued to thin over time, compared to control injected eyes, AAV-RHO820-shRNA820 slowed the loss of photoreceptor cells and decreased ERG amplitudes in AAV- RHO820-shRNA820 eyes during the nine-month study period. Unexpectedly, we also observed preservation of retinal structure and function in the untreated contralateral eyes of AAV- RHO820-shRNA820 treated mice. PCR analysis and western blots provided evidence that a low amount of vector from injected eyes was present in uninjected eyes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Convenient Synthesis of Heterocyclic Triphenylphosphine Imines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Two‐Dimensional Lamellar Membrane: MXene Nanosheet Stacks (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for advanced water purification membranes. A new kind of lamellar membrane is based on a stack of 2D MXene nanosheets. Starting from compact Ti<sub>3</sub> AlC<sub>2</sub> , delaminated nanosheets of the composition Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> with the functional groups T (O, OH, and/or F) can be produced by etching and ultrasonication and stapled on a porous support by vacuum filtration. The MXene membrane supported on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate shows excellent water permeance (more than 1000 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup> ) and favorable rejection rate (over 90 %) for molecules with sizes larger than 2.5 nm. The water permeance through the MXene membrane is much higher than that of the most membranes with similar rejections. Long-time operation also reveals the outstanding stability of the MXene membrane for water purification.
A Feedback Descent Method for Solving Constrained LQG Control Problems (1992)

This paper presents a new method for the numerical solution of LQG optimal control problems subject to constraints. In general, solutions to these problems necessarily satisfy a set of coupled Lyapunov and/or Riccati equations. These equations are solved in an iterative manner based on a quasi-Newton type algorithm. Key features of the method are the simplicity afforded in developing iterative algorithms satisfying the necessary conditions for solution of such problems, and the speed and efficiency of these algorithms. The technique is illustrated for the optimal static output feedback problem and the optimal LQG problem with an H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ÝE;</sub> norm bound on a closed-loop transfer function.
Thermal Comfort and Ventilation Criteria for low Energy Residential Buildings in Building Codes (2012)

Indoor environmental quality and energy performance of buildings are becoming more and more important in the design and construction of low energy, passive and zero energy buildings. At the same time, improved insulation and air tightness have the potential to resulting in a deterioration of the indoor air quality in such buildings. Currently, there are no global guidelines for specifying the indoor thermal environment in such low-energy buildings. The objective of this paper is to analyse the classification of indoor thermal comfort levels and recommended ventilation rates for different low energy buildings, and propose a set of indices that would enable better quantification and comparison among low energy buildings. In this study, the building codes and voluntary guidelines have been reviewed on the basis of experience of Finland, UK, Denmark, USA and Germany. The analysis in this paper will be based on the international standard ISO 7730 and EN 15251 in comparisons with other national building codes or standards.