gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development with green productivity in manufacturing (2005)

This paper provides insight of many aspects of journey of green factories and beyond 'go green' approaches geared towards assembly and test factories. With the management supports to take environment excellence to the next level, the chemical and waste management team working together with factory floor employees has embarked on a journey to practice the three key sustainable development initiatives: 1) chemical waste reduction; 2) total chemical safety and environmental management and; 3) 5R pollution prevention practices.
Cooperative binding of the outer arm-docking complex underlies the regular arrangement of outer arm dynein in the axoneme (2014)

Outer arm dynein (OAD) in cilia and flagella is bound to the outer doublet microtubules every 24 nm. Periodic binding of OADs at specific sites is important for efficient cilia/flagella beating; however, the molecular mechanism that specifies OAD arrangement remains elusive. Studies using the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have shown that the OAD-docking complex (ODA-DC), a heterotrimeric complex present at the OAD base, functions as the OAD docking site on the doublet. We find that the ODA-DC has an ellipsoidal shape ∼24 nm in length. In mutant axonemes that lack OAD but retain the ODA-DC, ODA-DC molecules are aligned in an end-to-end manner along the outer doublets. When flagella of a mutant lacking ODA-DCs are supplied with ODA-DCs upon gamete fusion, ODA-DC molecules first bind to the mutant axonemes in the proximal region, and the occupied region gradually extends toward the tip, followed by binding of OADs. This and other results indicate that a cooperative association of the ODA-DC underlies its function as the OAD-docking site and is the determinant of the 24-nm periodicity.
Detection of arsenosugars from kelp extracts via IC-electrospray ionization-MS-MS and IC membrane hydride generation ICP-MS (1999)

The selectivity and the ability to obtain structural information from detection schemes used in arsenic speciation research are growing analytical requirements driven by the growing number of arsenicals extracted from natural products and the need to minimize misidentification in exposure assessments. Three arsenosugars were extracted from ribbon kelp utilizing accelerated solvent extraction. The three arsenosugars were separated from other arsenicals with near baseline resolution using a PRP-X100 column and a 20 mM (NH4)2CO3 mobile phase at a pH of 9 with IC-ICP-MS detection. Utilizing these chromatographic conditions, the molecular weight was determined for each arsenosugar utilizing ion chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS) in the positive ion mode. The molecular weight and retention times for the three arsenicals are 328 u (4.6 min), 482 u (8.2 min) and 392 u (14.2 min). The IC-ESI-MS-MS spectra from each of the arsenosugars were compared to the spectra reported in the literature, which were obtained via direct infusion of standard materials. All three MS-MS spectra contain m/z 237, 195 and 97, which are fragments of the base dimethylarsinylriboside common to all the arsenosugars. Adequate sensitivity for each arsenical was achieved using a 6.1 ng and a 22 ng injection for IC-ESI-MS and IC-ESI-MS-MS, respectively. Given the unavailability of standards, the arsenosugar distribution was determined via relative chromatographic areas using IC-ICP-MS. The IC-ICP-MS indicated the presence of an arsenic heteroatom within the same retention windows in which the arsenosugars were detected via IC-ESI-MS. The IC-ESI-MS and IC-ESI-MS-MS detection scheme provided structural information but at reduced sensitivity. In an attempt to preserve sensitivity and improve selectivity of the IC-ICP-MS, an on-line membrane hydride generation detection scheme was evaluated. The hydride system indicated that the three unknown peaks (arsenosugars) were not hydride active, thereby simplifying the chromatographic resolution needed to quantitate the more toxicologically important arsenicals, such as MMA, DMA, As(III) and As(V), while minimizing the potential for misidentification.
Nondestructive cellular-level 3D observation of mouse kidney using laboratory-based X-ray microscopy with paraffin-mediated contrast enhancement (2022)

For three-dimensional observation of unstained bio-specimens using X-ray microscopy with computed tomography (CT), one main problem has been low contrast in X-ray absorption. Here we introduce paraffin-mediated contrast enhancement to visualize biopsy samples of mouse kidney using a laboratory-based X-tray microscope. Unlike conventional heavy-atom staining, paraffin-mediated contrast enhancement uses solid paraffin as a negative contrast medium to replace water in the sample. The medium replacement from water to paraffin effectively lowers the absorption of low-energy X-rays by the medium, which eventually enhances the absorption contrast between the medium and tissue. In this work, paraffin-mediated contrast enhancement with 8 keV laboratory X-rays was used to visualize cylindrical renal biopsies with diameters of about 0.5 mm. As a result, reconstructed CT images from 19.4 h of data collection achieved cellular-level resolutions in all directions, which provided 3D structures of renal corpuscles from a normal mouse and from a disease model mouse. These two structures with and without disease allowed a volumetric analysis showing substantial volume differences in glomerular subregions. Notably, this nondestructive method presents CT opacities reflecting elemental composition and density of unstained tissues, thereby allowing more unbiased interpretation on their biological structures.
Histoire de la médecine (2012)

Programme de l’année 2010-2011 : I. Observation et narration médicale à l’époque moderne. Les recueils de conseils, consultations et « observations » (vers 1550-vers 1850) [suite]. — II. Autour de Guillaume de Baillou (1538-1616), préparation d’une édition critique des « Épidémies et Éphémérides » (ca 1570‑1580) [suite].
Transorbital therapy delivery: phantom testing (2011)

We have developed a combined image-guided and minimally invasive system for the delivery of therapy to the back of the eye. It is composed of a short 4.5 mm diameter endoscope with a magnetic tracker embedded in the tip. In previous work we have defined an optimized fiducial placement for accurate guidance to the back of the eye and are now moving to system testing. The fundamental difficulty in testing performance is establishing a target in a manner which closely mimics the physiological task. We have to have a penetrable material which obscures line of sight, similar to the orbital fat. In addition we need to have some independent measure of knowing when a target has been reached to compare to the ideal performance. Lastly, the target cannot be rigidly attached to the skull phantom since the optic nerve lies buried in the orbital fat. We have developed a skull phantom with white cloth stellate balls supporting a correctly sized globe. Placed in the white balls are red, blue, orange and yellow balls. One of the colored balls has been soaked in barium to make it bright on CT. The user guides the tracked endoscope to the target as defined by the images and tells us its color. We record task accuracy and time to target. We have tested this with 28 residents, fellows and attending physicians. Each physician performs the task twice guided and twice unguided. Results will be presented.
An Emotional Response to the Value of Visualization (2019)

When assessing the value of visualizations, researchers traditionally focus on efficiency, comprehension, or insight. However, analyzing successful data physicalizations leads to a deep appreciation for hedonic qualities. Informed by the role of emotion in psychology, art, design, marketing, and HCI, we argue for an expanded definition of value, applicable to all forms of data visualization.
Formation of bimetallic nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation of multicomponent thin films in water (2015)

This study presents results on pulsed laser ablation of metallic and bimetallic thin films immersed in liquids. The thin films are deposited by classical on-axis pulsed laser deposition technology by using targets consisted of one or two sections composed of different metals. Using this technique gold, silver and gold/silver thin films are deposited on quartz substrate. By changing the area of the different sections of the target, thin films with different concentrations of the two metals are obtained. The as prepared films are then placed on the bottom of glass vessel filled with double distilled water and irradiated by nanosecond laser pulses delivered by Nd:YAG laser system operated at λ = 1064 nm. This results in fabrication of colloids composed by metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. The performed TEM analyses revealed spherical and spherical-like shape of the particles produced. The optical extinction spectra of the obtained colloidal nanoparticles show plasmon excitations as the resonance wavelength can be efficiently tuned in a wide range by changing the ratio of the basic metals in the films.
Characterization and Properties of Hydrogels Made from Neutral Soluble Chitosans (2015)

The current paper focuses on the preparation and some characteristics of viscoelastic hydrogels, ViscoGels™, made from chitosans having a random acylation pattern. Three different chitosan batches with a high fraction of acetylation were selected based on their Mw, and the impact of degree of cross-linking on these chitosan samples has been studied with respect to the properties of the final hydrogels. Rheological long term (12 month) stability and gelling kinetics data are presented together with results from swelling studies at different pH. Finally, an example illustrating these gels potential as drug delivery vehicles is presented and discussed.
Posterior tilting of the tibial component decreases femoral rollback in posterior‐substituting knee replacement: A computer simulation study (1998)

Posterior tilting of the tibial component is thought to increase the range of motion in posterior cruciate-retaining total knee replacement, but its effect on implant motion in posterior cruciate-substituting total knee replacement is unknown. This issue has become of interest recently because manufacturers have introduced instrumentation that produces a posteriorly tilted tibial cut for both implant types. The purpose of this study was to investigate how motion of posterior cruciate-substituting total knee replacement is affected when the tibial component is installed with posterior tilt. Sagittal plane implant motions were predicted from prosthesis geometry with use of a computer simulation in which the femoral condyles were assumed to sit in the bottoms of the tibial condylar wells when the knee was in extension. Rollback of the femoral component was produced by a cam-spine mechanism at higher angles of flexion. The simulations revealed that even small degrees of posterior tilt reduced rollback by limiting the interaction between the cam and spine. Tilting the component posteriorly by 5 degrees caused the cam to contact the spine at a knee flexion angle that was 18 degrees higher than with the untilted component. The results suggest that posterior tilting of the tibial component in posterior cruciate-substituting knee replacement may not produce the same beneficial effects that have been reported for the tilting of tibial components in posterior cruciate-retaining knee replacement.
A transceiver module for automotive radar sensors using W‐band monolithic microwave‐integrated circuit one‐chip set (2008)

Abstract A 77‐GHz transceiver module has been developed for automotive radar sensors by using an monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) one‐chip set. An MMIC one‐chip set consists of a transmitter, an eight‐stage low noise amplifier and a mixer. The chip set was fabricated using a 0.15‐μm gate‐length InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs metamorphic high‐electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) process based on a four‐inch substrate. The transceiver module's total size, including the 38.25 GHz VCO, 76.5 GHz transmitter, 76.5 GHz receiver, 78 GHz LO circuit, IF and BB circuit, and bias circuit, is 80 × 95 × 23 mm 3 . This MMIC transceiver module is suitable for the 77‐GHz automotive radar sensors and related applications in a W‐band. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2371–2376, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23651
Dimethyl 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate (2001)

[2166-14-5] C6H6N4O4 (MW 198.138) (reactive heteroaromatic azadiene for inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions with a wide range of dienophiles and heterodienophiles; used to prepare substituted 1,2-diazines, 1,2,4-triazines, pyrroles, pyridines, indolines, and related condensed heterocycles) Alternate Name: bis(methoxycarbonyl)-s-tetrazine. Physical Data: mp 175–177 °C. Solubility: sol dioxane, CH2Cl2, THF, C6H6; insol H2O. Form Supplied in: bright red crystalline solid. Preparative Method: Ethyl Diazoacetate (0.90 mol) is added dropwise to a stirred solution of NaOH (4.0 mol) in 250 mL of H2O at such a rate so as to maintain the temperature of the reaction between 60 and 80 °C. After cooling to 25 °C, the reaction slurry is poured onto 1 L of 95% EtOH, mixed well, and the liquid decanted. This washing procedure is repeated 5 times before the precipitate is collected by filtration, washed with absolute EtOH (0.5 L) and Et2O (0.5 L) sequentially, and air-dried to afford disodium dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate (2) (85–97%). A stirred slurry of (2) (0.39 mol) in 200 mL of ice-water at 0 °C is treated dropwise with 1.95 equiv of concentrated HCl. The yellow solid formed is immediately collected by suction filtration, washed with cold H2O (50 mL) and Et2O (50 mL) sequentially, and dried at 60 °C overnight to afford dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylic acid (3) (72–74%). The solid (3) (0.16 mol) is added in small portions over 20 min to a stirred solution of SOCl2 (27.5 mL) in dry MeOH (375 mL) at −30 °C. After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to 25 °C over 2 h, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Extraction of the residue with CH2Cl2 (400 mL × 5) from H2O (400 mL) followed by removal of the solvent from the organic phase in vacuo affords dimethyl dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate (4) (44–51%). Nitrous gases generated by dropwise addition of a 6 N NaNO2 solution (200 mL) to 125 mL of concentrated HCl are bubbled into a stirred slurry of (4) (0.1 mol) in CH2Cl2 (800 mL) at 0 °C using a N2 stream until the addition of NaNO2 solution is complete. The solvent and excess nitrous gases are removed in vacuo to afford dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate 1 (99%).2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate is a very reactive diene which is unstable to acid, base, H2O, or protic solvents and should be stored moisture-free and refrigerated.
A novel block equalization design for wireless communication with ISI and Rayleigh fading channels (2003)

In this paper, a novel block channel equalization design for wireless communication over mobile radio channels with both inter-symbol interference (ISI) and Rayleigh fading is presented. The proposed design consists of a matched filter, a channel estimator and a block decision feedback equalizer (BDFE). The channel estimator, which is based on a revised RLS algorithm, adopts a semi-blind approach. The estimated channel impulse response h(n) is used later in both matched filtering and the BDFE update. The BDFE actually consists of a noise whitener and a maximum-likelihood block detector followed by a symbol detector. The filter coefficients of the BDFE are calculated subject to the Cholesky factorization and are updated once for each data block. Various wireless channel models, covering ISI and Rayleigh fading, have been simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed equalization scheme. Based on this scheme, a novel systolic array design is next developed. The derived equalizer design features a highly parallel, hardware efficient and scalable design. Implementation results on a Xilinx XCV600 FPGA indicate an up-to-3-million symbols per second processing rate at 35 MHz working frequency.
Single-chain human gonadotropin analogs induce follicle development in sheep (2007)

The biopotency of single-chain analogs of human hFSH, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and a dually active gonadotropin construct (FcCGbetaalpha) was examined. Sheep (bwt=61.4+/-1.1 kg; n=6 ewes/treatment) received a single injection (5 IU/kg, i.v.) of the hFSH analog (Fcalpha), the hCG analog (CGbetaalpha), FcCGbetaalpha, or Fcalpha and CGbetaalpha. Control animals received conditioned media. Ovulation was induced 3 days after analog administration using hCG (1000 IU, i.v.). Basal serum concentrations of estradiol (E(2)) were maintained in control animals. Neither Fcalpha nor CGbetaalpha alone induced significant E(2) production during the pre-hCG period. Conversely, serum concentrations of E(2) were increased (P<0.05) 2 days after administration of FcCGbetaalpha or Fcalpha+ CGbetaalpha. Although P(4) concentrations were maintained at basal levels in control animals, significant increase was noted in all other treatment groups during the post-hCG period. Final ovarian weight was significantly increased (P<0.05) in animals receiving Fcalpha, Fcalpha+ CGbetaalpha, or FcCGbetaalpha, but not CGbetaalpha alone. Most of the ovarian enlargement was attributed to the formation of corpora lutea. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that the single-chain analogs of the human gonadotropins are active in sheep. The construct with singular FSH activity supports follicle development but not E(2) production. Conversely, the construct that incorporates beta-domains from both CG and FSH has dual activity. The long-lived nature of the single-chain constructs suggests that these recombinant gonadotropins may be effective alternatives to pituitary- or placenta-derived gonadotropins in out-of-season breeding and/or superovulation protocols.
Kinetic Mechanism of the p38-α MAP Kinase:  Phosphoryl Transfer to Synthetic Peptides (2000)

p38 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family. Activation (phosphorylation) of p38 acts as a switch for the transcriptional and translational regulation of a number of proteins, including the proinflammatory cytokines. Investigation of a set of small peptides revealed that, as with protein substrates, p38-alpha behaves as a proline-directed Ser/Thr MAP kinase for a peptide substrate, peptide 4 (IPTSPITTTYFFFKKK). We investigated the steady-state kinetic mechanism of the p38-alpha-catalyzed kinase reaction with EGF receptor peptide, peptide 1, as a substrate. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the substrate kinetics yielded a family of lines intersecting to the left of the ordinate, with either ATP or peptide 1 as the varied substrate. Kinetic analysis in the presence of ADP yielded a competitive inhibition pattern when ATP was the varied substrate and a noncompetitive pattern if peptide 1 was the varied substrate. At saturating peptide substrate concentrations, inhibition by phosphopeptide product yielded an uncompetitive pattern when ATP was the varied substrate. These data are consistent with ordered binding with ATP as the initial substrate. We provide further evidence of the existence of a productive p38.ATP binary complex in that (a) activated p38-alpha has intrinsic ATPase activity, (b) ATPase and kinase activities are coupled, and (c) inhibitors of ATPase activity also inhibit the kinase activity with a similar inhibition constant. The k(cat) for the kinase reaction was lowered by 1.8-fold when ATP-gamma-S was used. Microviscosity linearly affected the k(cat) values of both the ATP and ATP-gamma-S reactions with a slope of about 0.8. These observations were interpreted to mean that the phosphoryl transfer step is not rate-limiting and that the release of product and/or enzyme isomerization is a possible rate-limiting step(s).
Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the lumbar spine (2001)

Although percutaneous lumbar pedicle screw placement has been described previously, longitudinal connector (rod or plate) insertion has been more problematic. The device used in this study allows for straightforward placement of lumbar pedicle screws and rods through percutaneous stab wounds. Paraspinous tissue trauma is minimized without compromising the quality of spinal fixation. Preliminary experience with this device has been promising.
Reifying variants in configuration management (1999)

Using a solid software configuration management (SCM) is mandatory to establish and maintain the integrity of the products of a software project throughout the project's software life cycle. Even with the help of sophisticated tools, handling the various dimensions of SCM can be a daunting (and costly) task for many projects. The contribution of this article is to (1)propose a method (based on the use creational design patterns) to simplify SCM by reifying the variants of an object-oriented software system into language-level objects and (2)show that newly available compilation technology makes this proposal attractive with respect to performance (memory footprint and execution time) by inferring which classes are needed for a specific configuration and optimizing the generated code accordingly.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Innocuous IFNgamma induced by adjuvant-free antigen restores normoglycemia in NOD mice through inhibition of IL-17 production. (2008)

The role of Th17 cells in type I diabetes (TID) remains largely unknown. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) sequence 206 -220 (designated GAD2) represents a late-stage epitope, but GAD2-specifi c T cell receptor transgenic T cells producing interferon (IFN ) protect against passive TID. Because IFN is known to inhibit Th17 cells, effective presentation of GAD2 peptide under noninfl ammatory conditions may protect against TID at advanced disease stages. To test this premise, GAD2 was genetically incorporated into an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule to magnify tolerance, and the resulting Ig-GAD2 was tested against TID at different stages of the disease. The fi ndings indicated that Ig-GAD2 could not prevent TID at the preinsulitis phase, but delayed TID at the insulitis stage. More importantly, Ig-GAD2 sustained both clearance of pancreatic cell infi ltration and -cell division and restored normoglycemia when given to hyperglycemic mice at the prediabetic stage. This was dependent on the induction of splenic IFN that inhibited interleukin (IL)-17 production. In fact, neutralization of IFN led to a signifi cant increase in the frequency of Th17 cells, and the treatment became nonprotective. Thus, IFN induced by an adjuvant free antigen, contrary to its usual infl ammatory function, restores normoglycemia, most likely by localized bystander suppression of pathogenic IL-17 -producing cells.
Very-Small-Satellite Design for Distributed Space Missions (2007)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.