gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of inducible nitric oxide synthase in synovium and cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (1997)

Nitric oxide has been implicated as a mediator of inflammatory arthritis, and recent work has shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate NO production in vitro by activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway. In order to identify the cellular sources of NO production within the joint, we have used immunohistochemical techniques to study the distribution of iNOS in synovium and cartilage from normal and diseased joints. iNOS was most strongly expressed in the synovial lining layer, subsynovium, vascular smooth muscle and chondrocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Analysis of serial sections, coupled with double immunofluorescent staining, showed that the CD68+ macrophages in the synovial lining layer and, to a lesser extent, fibroblasts were the predominant source of iNOS within synovium, whereas T cells, B cells and neutrophils were negative. A similar pattern of iNOS staining was seen in osteoarthritis, but fewer cells were iNOS positive and the intensity of staining, particularly in cartilage, was much weaker than in RA. In contrast, no evidence of iNOS was detected in non-inflammatory synovium or in cartilage derived from normal joints (fractured neck of femur). In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that synovium and cartilage are important sources of increased NO production in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Localization of iNOS at these sites within the inflamed joint raises the possibility that increased local production of NO may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis by increasing synovial blood flow and by modulating cellular function within synovium and articular cartilage.
Critical exponent for viscosity (1990)

We have measured the critical exponent y characterizing the divergence of the viscosity \ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\Vert}T-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ for carbon dioxide and xenon. The values of y for both fluids fall within the range y=0.041\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 and are consistent with the range y=0.042\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 spanned by our earlier data for four binary liquid mixtures. This agreement is the strongest evidence that pure fluids and binary liquids are in the same dynamic universality class; however, the results for y are inconsistent with the recent theoretical value of 0.032.
Screening For Depression With Retrospectively Harvested Private Versus Public Text (2020)

Depression is the leading cause of disability, often undiagnosed, and one of the most treatable mood disorders. As such, unobtrusively diagnosing depression is important. Many studies are starting to utilize machine learning for depression sensing from social media and Smartphone data to replace the survey instruments currently employed to screen for depression. In this study, we compare the ability of a privately versus a publicly available modality to screen for depression. Specifically, we leverage between two weeks and a year of text messages and tweets to predict scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a prevalent depression screening instrument. This is the first study to leverage the retrospectively-harvested crowd-sourced texts and tweets within the combined Moodable and EMU datasets. Our approach involves comprehensive feature engineering, feature selection, and machine learning. Our 245 features encompass word category frequencies, part of speech tag frequencies, sentiment, and volume. The best model is Logistic Regression built on the top ten features from two weeks of text data. This model achieves an average F1 score of 0.806, AUC of 0.832, and recall of 0.925. We discuss the implications of the selected features, temporal quantity of data, and modality.
Optimal ECG monitoring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery (1987)

During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) frontal ECG leads are routinely monitored. The detection of ST segment deviation during the procedure is important for decisions regarding guiding catheter seating and the timing of balloon inflation and deflation. ST segment deviation appears on intracoronary electrograms in the absence of changes on the surface ECG in many patients, while the reverse is true in some individuals. When a precordial lead is employed, V5 or V6 is most commonly selected. The surface ECG leads most sensitive for monitoring ischemia during left anterior descending angioplasty are not known. In nine lead surface ECGs recorded during balloon inflation, a small degree of ST segment elevation occurred in leads I, aVL, and V5. Lead V2 demonstrated an increase in ST displacement from 0.0 +/- 0.03 mV to 0.29 +/- 0.25 mV during coronary occlusion (p less than 0.01). We conclude that if V5 or V6 is used as a single precordial lead, surface ECG alterations are easily overlooked. During left anterior descending occlusion the most sensitive surface lead is V2. Optimal ECG monitoring during PTCA in some cases should involve surface lead V2 or the intracoronary lead.
Regeneration of soft and hard tissue periodontal defects. (2002)

Periodontitis is characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets and bone loss. Although the basic treatment emphasizes the control of bacterial plaque, the clinician is confronted with the need to correct soft and/or hard tissue defects that develop as a consequence of the disease. This article reviews the current status of regenerative approaches in treating soft and hard tissue defects (based mainly on findings from our own laboratory) and assessed the global applicability of these procedures. Many different techniques have been suggested to treat those defects with, in general, a high degree of success. From the present knowledge it can be concluded that periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration is possible. Treatment of areas with localized gingival recession or insufficient keratinized gingiva can be achieved with soft tissue grafts or pedicle flaps, as well as with the use of dermal allografts. The treatment of hard tissue defects around teeth and implants can be approached using different types of bone grafts, guided tissue or bone regeneration, or a combination of these. The predictability of many of these therapies, however, still needs to be improved. Since most of these techniques are sensitive, specific, and expensive, their present universal application is limited.
A cyclic hydrogen-bonded system with collective proton motion in bis(2,2'-dihydroxy-3-biphenylyl)methane (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA cyclic hydrogen-bonded system with collective proton motion in bis(2,2'-dihydroxy-3-biphenylyl)methaneBogumil Brzezinski, Piotr Radziejewski, Jerzy Olejnik, and Georg ZundelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 25, 6590–6591Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100127a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100127a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Exploring the Relation between Amplification and Binding in Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries of Macrocyclic Synthetic Receptors in Water (2007)

Herein we describe an extensive study of the response of a set of closely related dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) of macrocyclic receptors to the introduction of a focused range of guest molecules. We have determined the amplification of two sets of diastereomeric receptors induced by a series of neutral and cationic guests, including biologically relevant compounds such as acetylcholine and morphine. The host-guest binding affinities were investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry. The resulting dataset enabled a detailed analysis of the relationship between the amplification of selected receptors and host-guest Gibbs binding energies, giving insight into the factors affecting the design, simulation and interpretation of DCL experiments. In particular, two questions were addressed: Is amplification by a given guest selective for the best receptor? And does the best guest induce the largest amplification of a given receptor? Our experimental results and computer simulations showed that the relative levels of amplification of hosts by a guest are well-correlated with their relative affinities, and simulations have confirmed previous observations that amplification can be selective for the best receptor when only modest amounts of guest are used. In contrast, the correlation between guest binding and the extent of amplification of a given receptor across a wide range of guests tends to be poorer, because every guest has its own unique set of affinities for competing receptors in the DCL. This implies that the results of screening a DCL for selective receptors by comparing the response of the mixture to two different guests should be interpreted with caution. DCLs are complex mixtures in which all compounds are connected through a set of equilibria. Obtaining quantitative information about all host-guest binding constants from such systems will require the explicit and simultaneous consideration of all of the main equilibria within a DCL.
The Unusual 1,4‐Chelation‐Controlled Nucleophilic Addition to Aldehydes with High Stereoselectivity. A Systematic Study of Stereoselectivity in the Addition Reaction of Carbon Nucleophiles to cis‐Substituted Cyclopropanecarbaldehydes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3-D Gaussian–Gabor Feature Extraction and Selection for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification (2019)

Hyperspectral remote sensing imagery provides valuable and rich information to distinguish the characteristics of materials. However, this advantage of hyperspectral imagery often encounters the problem of a limited amount of training samples, which is caused by the difficulty of manually labeling. Fortunately, the spatial distribution of surface objects can be integrated with the spectral signature to improve the discriminative ability. In this paper, a 3-D Gaussian-Gabor feature extraction and selection framework has been proposed for hyperspectral image classification. First, a bank of 3-D Gaussian-Gabor filters are convolved with the concatenated data of both extended multi-attribute profile (EMAP) features and raw hyperspectral data. Second, an improved fast density peak clustering (IFDPC) method is introduced to select the most representative features from each extracted 3-D Gaussian-Gabor feature cube. Finally, the retained features are combined together to accomplish the classification task. The proposed method is thus named as GG-IFDPC. Three real hyperspectral imagery data sets have been utilized, and the experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed GG-IFDPC approach over the compared ones.
Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Clinical Examination and Patient Self-Report Measures for Cervical Radiculopathy (2003)

Many items of the clinical examination were found to be reliable and to have acceptable diagnostic properties, but the test item cluster identified was more useful for indicating cervical radiculopathy than any single test item. Upper limb tension Test A was the most useful test for ruling out cervical radiculopathy. Further investigation is required both to validate the test item cluster and to improve point estimate precision.
Analysis of haemophilia B database and strategies for identification of common point mutations in the factor IX gene (2003)

Haemophilia B is an X-linked recessively inherited bleeding disorder caused by heterogeneous mutations spanning the entire factor IX gene. As spontaneous germ-line mutations are known to occur mostly at CpG dinucleotides in the FIX gene, control of the disease would require continuous carrier detection and mutation screening. Identification of point mutations, the most common type of mutation in FIX gene, is more challenging compared with deletion and insertion mutations. We examined the haemophilia B database to identify specific nucleotides in the FIX gene that are mutated in relatively large number of patients and the variability (if any) in the mutational hotspots at CpG dinucleotides. It was found that while mutations responsible to account for all 2348 haemophilia B patients covered 20% of the FIX cDNA, only 1% of the cDNA involving mostly CpG dinucleotides accounted for mutation in 42.41% of the patient pool. Thus, only 27 nucleotides need to be investigated to identify the common point mutations, among which 15 are predicted to undergo change in restriction sites on mutation. It is interesting to note that seven nucleotides occurring in CpG dinucleotides do not have any reported mutation despite each of those being predicted to harbour mutation as a result of transition and having mutations recorded in the database for the neighbouring nucleotides. Strikingly large number of mutation in codon 296 causing T to M change in catalytic domain originally proposed to be the result of the founder effect also contains largest number of haplotype suggesting recurrence of de novo mutation.
Processing or Exports: Which Path for U.S. Grain? (2015)

I owa is the center of the world’s most productive corn and soybean region. Along with Illinois and Indiana to the east, Minnesota and South Dakota to the north, Nebraska to the west, and Missouri to the south, this region produces an abundance of low-cost feed that when used by the highly efficient U.S. meat and dairy sectors provides consumers with low-cost food. The traditional view of agriculture in this region is one in which domestically produced grain is fed to domestically produced livestock that is slaughtered for domestic consumption. The surplus grain is then exported to support domestic livestock sectors in other countries.
Gryphon: An Information Flow Based Approach to Message Brokering (1998)

Gryphon is a distributed computing paradigm for message brokering, which is the transferring of information in the form of streams of events from information providers to information consumers. This extended abstract outlines the major problems in message brokering and Gryphon's approach to solving them.
GenGIS: A geospatial information system for genomic data (2009)

The increasing availability of genetic sequence data associated with explicit geographic and ecological information is offering new opportunities to study the processes that shape biodiversity. The generation and testing of hypotheses using these data sets requires effective tools for mathematical and visual analysis that can integrate digital maps, ecological data, and large genetic, genomic, or metagenomic data sets. GenGIS is a free and open-source software package that supports the integration of digital map data with genetic sequences and environmental information from multiple sample sites. Essential bioinformatic and statistical tools are integrated into the software, allowing the user a wide range of analysis options for their sequence data. Data visualizations are combined with the cartographic display to yield a clear view of the relationship between geography and genomic diversity, with a particular focus on the hierarchical clustering of sites based on their similarity or phylogenetic proximity. Here we outline the features of GenGIS and demonstrate its application to georeferenced microbial metagenomic, HIV-1, and human mitochondrial DNA data sets.
Cryogenic etching of deep narrow trenches in silicon (2000)

Deep and narrow anisotropic etching of silicon structures has been investigated in a low-pressure high density plasma reactor working with a cryogenic chuck. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of this technique on such structures. Improvement of etch rate and profiles has been studied and new results show 2 μm wide trenches etched to a depth of 50 μm at an average etch rate of 5 μm/min with highly anisotropic profiles and very high selectivity (&amp;gt;500:1) toward the SiO2 mask. An evaluation of a commercially available reactor from Alcatel has been carried out and similar results are obtained. A phosphosilicate glass mask has been used to study the effect on profiles. It is shown that undercut is reduced while bowing is independent of the mask material. Since surface temperature strongly affects the profiles, wafer deformations in our cryogenic chuck have been measured and temperature evolution across the wafer has been estimated. A significant temperature difference of 10 °C between the chuck and the wafer is expected for thin wafers (210 μm).
High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in electroencephalography: Review and case study (2013)

This article presents a review focusing technological aspects of EEG recordings considering the frequency band 40–500 Hz. This includes the “Gamma” (40–80 Hz) and “Supergamma” (80–100 Hz) rhythms, which has been extensively analysed for animal models since the 80's. On the other hand, the band 100–500 Hz, abbreviated by “High-Frequency Oscillations”-HFO, has been studied since 1995, focusing epilepsy in both human and rat models. Current challenges are highlighted from the literature, leading to guidelines for those starting in the field, so that at the end we present two examples of HF0 recorded (1–100 Hz) in normal individual and in a patient from our local university hospital.
Primary Input Vectors to Avoid in Random Test Sequences for Synchronous Sequential Circuits (2007)

Random test sequences may be used for manufacturing testing as well as for simulation-based design verification. This paper studies one of the reasons for the fact that random primary input sequences achieve very low fault coverage for synchronous sequential circuits. It is shown that a synchronous sequential circuit may have input cubes, or incompletely specified input vectors, that synchronize a subset of its state variables, i.e., it forces them to certain specified values. When an input cube c that synchronizes the subset of state variables S(c) has a small number of specified inputs, the input vectors covered by it may appear often in a random primary input sequence. As a result, the sequence will force the same values on the state variables in S(c) repeatedly. This may limit the fault coverage that the sequence can obtain. To address this issue, a procedure is described for modifying a random primary input sequence to eliminate the appearance of input vectors that synchronize subsets of state variables. It is demonstrated that this procedure has a significant effect on the fault coverage that can be achieved by random primary input sequences.
Supplemental Movie 1 from The FOXM1 Inhibitor RCM-1 Decreases Carcinogenesis and Nuclear β-Catenin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental movie 1 shows live imaging to measure the cell cycle and mitotic duration in Vehicle-treated Rd76-9 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Comparison of reticle placement performance using two-point and multipoint fitting algorithms</title> (1996)

Two of the key performance parameters in the manufacture of photomasks and reticles are composite placement and composite overlay. Multipoint fitting of the placement and overlay errors is typically used in specifying the performance of the printing tool, whereas two-point fitting is more commonly used in the mask-production environment. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to compare the placement results that may be expected using the two methods. Mask yields are evaluated sing the maximum observed error as the primary metric, because this criterion is prevalent in the industry. The influence of several factors is examined, including number of sample points, size of test pattern, and the presence of systematic printing errors. The baseline test case consists of a 7 X 7 grid of points with an extent of 132-nm square with two additional alignment marks separated in the x direction by 144 mm, and random normally distributed errors with standard deviation (sigma) . For this case, the expected maximum error at 95% mask yield from a two-point alignment is approximately 4.5 (sigma) , and (tau) equals 1.3, where (tau) is defined as the ratio of the maximum error for two-point versus multipoint fitting. The expected maximum error depends logarithmically on the number of sample points, and (tau) decreases as the number of points increases. A sinusoidal systematic error in the printing system greatly degrades the yield using two-point alignment but has relatively little effect upon the yield using multipoint alignment. Similarly, an orthogonality mismatch between the printing and metrology tool causes (tau) to increase significantly, whereas a scale mismatch decreases (tau) . It is also demonstrated that the result from two-point alignment has more statistical uncertainty than that from the multipoint methodology, and thus multipoint alignment is more accurate in determining the expected performance of a given printing system from a limited set of sample masks.
Test structures of LASCR device for RF ESD protection in nanoscale CMOS process (2016)

The test structures of inductor-assisted silicon-controlled rectifier (LASCR) are investigated in this work to protect the radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damages. Verified in silicon chip, the LASCR with the assistance of inductor can provide both good ESD robustness and RF performances. With the better performances, the LASCR is very suitable for gigahertz RF applications.