gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EARLY CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE TO LEISHMANIA MAJOR USING PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM LEISHMANIA-NAIVE HUMANS (2004)

While the response to Leishmania major is well characterized in mice, there is much less known about the human immune response, particularly early after exposure to the parasite. Therefore, we developed a primary in vitro (PIV) system that allowed us to address these questions. We co-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Leishmania-naive donors with L. major parasites and found that the responding PIV cells produced interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 (IL-12). When restimulated, these PIV cells also occasionally produced IL-5. Both CD4 and CD8 cells and both HLA class I and II cell activation pathways appeared to play a role in the PIV system, and cell activation was dependent upon the presence of antigen-presenting cells. Moreover, PIV cells generated with L. major showed considerable cross-reactivity with other species of Leishmania. Finally, the PIV cells augmented intracellular killing of L. major when they were co-cultured with macrophages infected with the parasite.
QC-LDPC Gear-Like Decoder Architecture with Multi-domain Quantization (2016)

This paper proposes multi-domain quantization for a partially-parallel QC-LDPC decoder, which allows efficient memory bandwidth utilization. The change of quantization during decoding is dynamic. In addition to this, the proposed decoder targets speedup and energy efficient processing, with negligible error correction capability degradation. From the message storage perspective, it uses 2 quantization modes: a high resolution based q-bit messages, and a low resolution q/2-bit messages. Regarding the lower quantization domain, the variable node units operate on q/2+1 resolution, while check node units process q/2-bit messages. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this approach, we have analyzed the decoding performance for both AWGN and BSC channel models. In addition to this, we have implemented the proposed units and evaluated the overhead with respect to the baseline.
Characteristics of Bronchiectasis Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2022)

The diagnosis of bronchiectasis should be more efficient in patients with COPD with a severe respiratory deficit, purulent sputum, accelerated CRP, and deterioration in the quality of life.
Epigenetic regulation in pluripotent stem cells: a key to breaking the epigenetic barrier (2012)

The differentiation and reprogramming of cells are accompanied by drastic changes in the epigenetic profiles of cells. Waddington's classical model clearly describes how differentiating cells acquire their cell identity as the developmental potential of an individual cell population declines towards the terminally differentiated state. The recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells as well as of somatic cell nuclear transfer provided evidence that the process of differentiation can be reversed. The identity of somatic cells is strictly protected by an epigenetic barrier, and these cells acquire pluripotency by breaking the epigenetic barrier by reprogramming factors such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, Myc and LIN28. This review covers the current understanding of the spatio-temporal regulation of epigenetics in pluripotent and differentiated cells, and discusses how cells determine their identity and overcome the epigenetic barrier during the reprogramming process.
Recycled content sign blanks. Final research report, December 1994-September 1996 (1996)

Single stage combination of dorsal OMG with ventral fasciocutaneous penile flap showed good results for selected patients affected with obliterative urethral stenosis.
The Tongue Drive System: Testing Novel Assistive Technology that Uses Magnetic Signals Derived from Tongue Movements (2012)

E. J. Roth, No Disclosures. This study tested the Tongue Drive System (TDS), a novel, wearable, wireless, and useful technology for people with severe impairments. TDS uses a magnet attached to the tongue, using piercing to ensure long-term stable and reliable magnet locations. Magnet position, and therefore tongue location, is detected by sensors in a user-worn headset. Signals generated by these positions are sent wirelessly to a computer, smart-phone, or power wheelchair. The user “teaches” TDS to associate specific tongue positions with user-defined commands to operate devices. After consent, 11 persons with limited upper limb and hand function were tested by fixing the magnet to the tongue with adhesive to enable them to learn to use TDS. Each participant then underwent tongue piercing by our physician-investigators. Four weeks later, each participant completed 12 weekly testing sessions. In 6 sessions, they used TDS to perform increasingly difficult computer tasks, including cursor navigation through a maze. These sessions were alternated with 6 weekly sessions using TDS to operate a power wheelchair through an obstacle course in unlatched, latched and semi-proportional control modes. Course completion time and number of errors traveling outside the designated path were recorded. Ability to tilt the wheelchair using TDS was measured. They also operated a smart-phone using tongue movements. Measures were: “throughput” (average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel), “error rate” (in percentage), and “task completion time” (in minutes). Performance data were compared across testing sessions. Rehabilitation research laboratory. There were no serious complications of tongue piercing or TDS testing procedures. All participants were able to use TDS to perform all tasks, with improvement in performance across testing sessions. Throughput (bits per second) increased in vertical tapping, horizontal tapping, center-out tapping, multi-directional tapping, and information transfer rate. Error rate and completion time decreased across sessions in all of the same measures, and in maze navigation and obstacle course performance. Preliminary evidence suggests that TDS is a safe and effective way to control wheelchairs, computers, and smart-phones using tongue motion.
Foundations of numerical multilinear algebra: decomposition and approximation of tensors (2007)

The subject of this thesis is best described as the study of a few new problems in multilinear algebra that are analogous to important classical problems in numerical linear algebra. Among other things, we will study the problem of finding a best low rank approximation to a tensor, a symmetric tensor, and a nonnegative tensor; define a notion of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for symmetric tensors and a notion of singular values and singular vectors for general tensors; we apply our multilinear spectral theory to hypergraphs in a way that parallels spectral graph theory, and to nonnegative tensors in a way that parallels the results of Perron-Robenius; we will also study an extension of nonnegative matrix factorization to nonnegative tensors.
Finite Element Modeling of an Energy-Absorbing Guardrail End Terminal (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Guardrail end terminals are specifically designed to decelerate vehicles during impact and protect vehicle occupants from severe injuries. The main objective of this research was to develop and validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the ET-Plus, a commonly used energy-absorbing guardrail end terminal. The ET-Plus FE model was created based on publicly available data on ET-Plus dimensions and material properties. The model was validated against the NCHRP-350 crash tests 27-30 and 31-30 by performing crash simulations with a vehicle model at 100 km/h (62 mph) pre-impact velocity. To check the model robustness, crash simulations with vehicle pre-impact velocities from 97 km/h (60 mph) to 113 km/h (70 mph) were also performed. The developed ET-Plus FE model has a high-quality mesh and can replicate the energy-absorbing mechanism. The time histories of the vehicle yaw angle predicted in the FE simulations of the two NCHRP 350 crash tests showed good agreement with the corresponding test data. Additionally, the model was stable in crash simulations with the investigated range of pre-impact velocities, and both post-impact velocities and peak acceleration showed increasing trends with increasing impact velocities. This model could be used by safety researchers to investigate the performance of the ET-Plus end terminal in various crash scenarios and to investigate various possible design improvements of the end terminal and/or the front end of new vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Establishing trust in remotely reprogrammable systems (2016)

Remote reprogrammability can serve as a powerful and enabling tool, allowing widespread and rapid evolution of cyber-physical systems. Together with the effects of ever increasing automation, this tool is redefining the relationship between the designer, user, and their methods of interaction with the system. The cost of these advancements is a series of new challenges in terms of safety and security. This paper describes the need for a formal framework in which safety, performance, and all operational modes of the system can be described and analyzed efficiently. An approach to establishing trustworthiness of cyber-physical systems that allows for automated and efficient verification of the system is considered in the context of a concrete implementation.
Techniques for reliable calibration of lidar systems (1985)

Calibration of lidar measurements has often been done by comparing them with measurements made by local sampling devices such as glass-bulb thermometers, hygrothermographs, and radiosonde balloons. All these instruments have their own calibration problems and cannot be considered as absolutely reliable sources of data when attempting to evaluate other measurements.
Gene expression analysis of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells from irradiated mice and humans provides a molecular profile of radiation injury (2006)

The risk for terrorist-mediated nuclear or radiological attack has been identified as a major threat to the United States in the coming decade. Radiation exposure can cause a spectrum of hematological toxicities, from mild immunosuppression to myeloablation with concordant life threatening complications. Accurate biological dosimetry will be critical, therefore, for caregivers to triage individuals to the appropriate medical management. Currently, biodosimetric tools include lymphocyte depletion kinetic and cytogenetic analysis, both of which require several days for results to be obtained. We propose that high throughput genomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs) can sensitively identify patterns of molecular changes which occur following different levels of radiation exposure. In this study, we collected primary PB MNCs from 10 week old C57Bl6 mice at 6 hours following 4 different levels of radiation exposure: normal (non-irradiated), 50 cGy (trivial exposure), 200 cGy (myelosuppressive) and 1000 cGy (lethal). RNA was extracted and used for synthesis of probes for hybridization to spotted arrays. We performed a binary regression analysis to elucidate patterns of gene expression to distinguish between a normal animal and one that had been exposed to various levels of radiation. Distinct gene expression patterns were evident within PB MNCs at each of the 4 exposure levels, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. We found that the selected metagene pattern for “normal” was able to distinguish normal from 50 cGy, 200 cGy and 1000 cGy exposure with 100% predictive capacity. The predictors selected for 50 cGy, 200 cGy and 1000 cGy were equally powerful at distinguishing these levels of exposure from all others. These data demonstrate the power of this approach to correctly distinguish clinically relevant levels of radiation exposure. In order to validate these molecular predictors generated in mice as profiles of human radiation response, we are currently testing, in a blinded manner, whether these predictors can distinguish different levels of radiation exposure in human PB samples collected from patients who have undergone 200 cGy or 1000 cGy total body irradiation. These validated biomarkers of radiation response can serve as templates for rapid screening tests for radiation exposure and, more broadly, are potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
SOOT PARTICULATE FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION IN COMBUSTION (1999)

The subject of soot formation in combustion is being extensively studied to decipher the relevant mechanisms. Despite considerable progress made in understanding some to the features of soot formation, we still do not have sufficient details of the formation mechanisms to be able to calculate soot in the flame of a given hydrocarbon fuel from first principles. This paper first gives and overview of the soot particulate formation in combustion and its contribution to ambient particulate matter. The experimental burner types that are commonly used for soot research are then reviewed and basic features of the most commonly used laminar diffusion burners are summarized. Soot particulate formation and emissions in diesel and gasoline engines, and their relative contributions to ambient particulate matter, are discussed. Methods based on physical sampling and non-intrusive laxer-based soot diagnostic techniques are briefly reviewed and their capabilities and limitations are discussed.
Simcluster: clustering enumeration gene expression data on the simplex space (2007)

Simcluster is designed in accordance with a well-established mathematical framework for compositional data analysis, which provides principled procedures for dealing with the simplex space, and is thus applicable in a number of contexts, including enumeration-based gene expression data.
Accurate force field for molybdenum by machine learning large materials data (2017)

In this work, we present a highly accurate spectral neighbor analysis potential (SNAP) model for molybdenum (Mo) developed through the rigorous application of machine learning techniques on large materials data sets. Despite Mo's importance as a structural metal, existing force fields for Mo based on the embedded atom and modified embedded atom methods do not provide satisfactory accuracy on many properties. We will show that by fitting to the energies, forces, and stress tensors of a large density functional theory (DFT)-computed dataset on a diverse set of Mo structures, a Mo SNAP model can be developed that achieves close to DFT accuracy in the prediction of a broad range of properties, including elastic constants, melting point, phonon spectra, surface energies, grain boundary energies, etc. We will outline a systematic model development process, which includes a rigorous approach to structural selection based on principal component analysis, as well as a differential evolution algorithm for optimizing the hyperparameters in the model fitting so that both the model error and the property prediction error can be simultaneously lowered. We expect that this newly developed Mo SNAP model will find broad applications in large and long-time scale simulations.
Robust Visual Localization for Hopping Rovers on Small Bodies (2018)

We present a collaborative visual localization method for rovers designed to hop and tumble across the surface of small Solar System bodies, such as comets and asteroids. In a two-phase approach, an orbiting primary spacecraft first maps the surface of a body by capturing images from various poses and illumination angles; these images are processed to create a prior map of 3D landmarks. In the second phase, a hopping rover is deployed to the surface where it uses a camera to relocalize to the prior map and to perform onboard visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Small bodies present several unique challenges to existing visual SLAM algorithms, such as high-contrast shadows that move quickly over the surface due to the short (e.g. 1-12 hour) rotational periods, and large changes in visual appearance between orbit and the surface, where image scale varies by many orders of magnitude (kilometers to centimeters). In this work, we describe how to augment ORB-SLAM2-a state of the art visual SLAM implementation-to handle large variations in illumination by fusing prior images with varying illumination angles. We demonstrate how a hopping rover can use a wide field of view (FOV) camera to relocalize to prior maps captured by an orbiting spacecraft with a narrow FOV camera, and how the growth of pose and scale errors can be bounded by periodic loop closures during large hops. The proposed method is evaluated with sequences of images captured around a mock asteroid; it is shown to be robust to varying illumination angles, scene scale changes, and off-nadir camera pointing angles.
TRANSMISSION-LINE MISSILE ANTENNAS (1958)

Protruding rocket antennas of low silhouette are examined using transmission-line concepts. The theory was developed specifically for nondissipative terminations and line sections; however, the formulas are readily generalized to include ohmic losses in the lines and terminations. Adaptive computations may be made for conductors other than circular and the theory may be used to analyze antennas of other missiles. (J.R.D.)
Becoming a More Sustainable Craft Brewer – Nice to do or business imperative? (2018)

John Stier - Sustainability Mentor, Brewers Association.&#13;\n&#13;\nJohn Stier, Sustainability Mentor for the Brewers Association, will share over 35 years of brewery experience to explore the topic of sustainability in the craft brewing sector. The presentation will walk through the potential paths of making a craft brewer more sustainable and answer the question “I am so busy, why should I care?”&#13;\n&#13;\n &#13;\nIs sustainability a “green marketing” approach that should be done as time allows or is it a business imperative that should be integrated from day one? We will examine some common misconceptions about sustainability, review a metric based scenario planning approach built upon sound business principles, walk through a fictitious craft brewery trying to become more sustainable, identify helpful tools available through the Brewers Association website and provide insights into how to use the power of data to drive financial profitability and environmental/community responsibility. &#13;\n&#13;\nAt the completion of this session, you will have a better understanding of why sustainable brewing is not only good for your business, the environment and the local community, but is a basic expectation of most consumers in the age demographic you are trying to attract.
Domain Decomposition with Local Mesh Refinement (1992)

A preconditioned Krylov iterative algorithm based on domain decomposition for linear systems arising from implicit finite-difference or finite-element discretizations of partial differential equation problems requiring local mesh refinement is described. To keep data structures as simple as possible for parallel computing applications, the fundamental computational unit in the algorithm is defined as a subregion of the domain spanned by a locally uniform tensor-product grid, called a tile. In the tile-based domain decomposition approach, two levels of discretization are considered at each point of the domain: a global coarse grid defined by tile vertices only, and a local fine grid where the degree of resolution can vary from tile to tile. One global level and one local level provide the flexibility required to adaptively discretize a diverse collection of problems on irregular regions and solve them at convergence rates that deteriorate only logarithmically in the finest mesh parameter, with the coarse tessellation held fixed. A logarithmic departure from optimality seems to be a reasonable compromise for the simplicity of the composite grid data structure and concomitant regular data exchange patterns in a multiprocessor environment. Some experiments with up to 1024 tiles are reported, and the evolution of the algorithm is commented on and contrasted with optimal nonrefining two-level algorithms and optimal refining multilevel algorithms. Computational comparisons with some other popular methods are presented.
Induction of Chloramphenicol Metabolism by Phenobarbital (1972)

The induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes leading to more rapid metabolism of antibiotics has been demonstrated in only a few prior studies. We have studied the induction of chloramphenicol metabolism in an isolated rat liver perfusion model and in intact dogs. Using these methods, we have demonstrated that the clearance of chloramphenicol from serum is markedly increased after treatment of animals with phenobarbital. This was demonstrated to be a function of increased clearance of the drug by the liver, accompanied but not paralleled by increases in liver weight and biliary excretion by the rat liver. In intact dogs, small doses of chloramphenicol were not sufficient to demonstrate this fact, whereas a large test dose of 100 mg/kg showed markedly enhanced clearance after 1 week of oral phenobarbital administration. Prolongation of phenobarbital treatment or increased dose did not further increase the clearance, and chloramphenicol could not be demonstrated to enhance its own clearance. Human data on induction of enzymes is to date inconclusive.
Evaluation of a rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria in dogs (2023)

The RIA was easy to perform and had good sensitivity and excellent specificity in this group of dogs. The RIA might be a useful screening test for decision-making regarding antimicrobial therapy in dogs with a clinical indication for urine culture. Consideration could be given to amending the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Disease definition of bacterial cystitis as the presence of signs of lower urinary tract disease together with positive culture or a positive RIA.
Morphology of encapsulated iron nanoparticles obtained by co-sputtering and implantation: a GISAXS study (2000)

A grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) study is presented on the morphology of iron nanoparticles buried in carbon matrices, obtained either by ion-beam sputtering co-deposition or by ion-implantation. It is shown that, depending on the experimental synthesis conditions, the shape of the iron nanoparticles is either spherical or elongated perpendicularly to the substrate. The possible growth mechanisms are examined in terms of volume and surface diffusion, defect density, interfacial energy and residual stress.
Publisher Correction: Single-cell RNA-sequencing of differentiating iPS cells reveals dynamic genetic effects on gene expression (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Giant magnetoresistance and oscillatory exchange coupling in disordered Co/Cu multilayers (1999)

We measured the exchange coupling strength and magnetoresistance for multilayers of Co/Cu grown by sputtering. The samples have (111) texture with a grain size of about 140 Å. Their mosaic spread, determined by high-angle x-ray rocking curves in triple-axis geometry, is as large as , suggesting the description disordered. The magnetoresistance oscillates as a function of the Cu thickness and reaches 70% at room temperature with near zero remanence at the first antiferromagnetic peak. These results indicate that a sufficient condition for oscillatory exchange coupling with a period of Å is a well defined separation between the magnetic layers. We also measured the exchange coupling strength as a function of the magnetic layer thickness and found no oscillations. The measured saturating magnetic field is accurately described by the `orange-peel' coupling effect.