gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New control strategy of variable reluctance direct drive motor for robotic applications (2002)

Dual Stator Variable Reluctance Motors (VRM) are electrically commutated ac machines and can be used as direct drive actuators, but inherent nonlinearity of VRM results in difficulties, when smooth and quiet operation are required. In this paper, a high performance control system for VRM is presented. The whole control algorithms consist of four closed-loop controllers: position, velocity, torque and current controller. In the torque controller, the torque ripple is reduced via the torque-sharing function and current PWM control, and the command current is easily obtained from the shared torque command via the proposed nonlinear model of the motor. The velocity controller is a combination of fuzzy and proportional-integral algorithm. The lead angle algorithm is also introduced to improve the performance of system in high speed. The position controller is intended for velocity trajectory tracking. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the control system.
Polymeric nanoparticles targeting Sialyl-Tn in gastric cancer: A live tracking under flow conditions (2022)

Drug delivery using nanoparticles (NPs) represents a potential approach for therapy in cancer, such gastric cancer (GC) due to their targeting ability and controlled release properties. The use of advanced nanosystems that deliver anti-cancer drugs specifically to tumor cells may strongly rely on the expression of cancer-associated targets. Glycans aberrantly expressed by cancer cells are attractive targets for such delivery strategy. Sialylated glycans, such as Sialyl-Tn (STn) are aberrantly expressed in several epithelial tumors, including GC, being a potential target for a delivery nanosystem. The aim of this study was the development of NPs surface-functionalized with a specific antibody targeting the STn glycan and further evaluate this nanosystem effectiveness regarding its specificity and recognition capacity. Our results showed that the NPs surface-functionalized with anti-STn antibody efficiently are recognized by cells displaying the cancer-associated STn antigen under static and live cell monitoring flow conditions. This uncovers the potential use of such NPs for drug delivery in cancer. However, flow exposure was disclosed as an important biomechanical parameter to be taken into consideration. Here we presented an innovative and successful methodology to live track the NPs targeting STn antigen under shear stress, simulating the physiological flow. We demonstrate that unspecific binding of NPs agglomerates did not occur under flow conditions, in contrast with static assays. This robust approach can be applied for <i>in vitro</i> drug studies, giving valuable insights for <i>in vivo</i> studies.
Automated comparison of scintigraphic images. (1986)

New algorithms for automated comparison of scintigraphic images have been developed and are described here. The first step presented here is the registration of the images, performed by optimizing, with respect to the registration parameters (two translational shifts, one angle of rotation, the two parameters of a linear transformation of the gray levels), the stochastic sign change (SSC) criterion. The optimization of this criterion is demonstrated to be efficiently performed using the adaptative random search strategy; a more limited but less time-consuming method is also presented. The second step described is the point-by-point comparison of the registered images. The pixel-by-pixel application of Poisson variable statistical tests permits the generation of the significant image differences. From such images it is possible to detect modifications which escape visual inspection. Examples of applications are given in controlled and routine conditions. These algorithms are useful for the processing of many investigations and are proposed for implementation on all nuclear medicine data processing systems.
Design and Electrochemical Mechanism of the MgF2 Coating as a Highly Stable and Conductive Interlayer on the Si Anode for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries (2023)

Abstract Silicon (Si) with high specific capacity, abundant reserve, and low cost is a promising replacement for graphite in anodes of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, practical implementation is still hampered by the poor rate performance and short lifespan due to the unstable electrode/electrolyte interface and low ion/electron conductivity. Therefore, design of a stable and high‐conductivity interface for Si anodes is desirable albeit challenging. Herein, a mixed ion/electron conducting interlayer (MIECI) consisting of LiF and Li−Mg alloy is formed in situ from an intermediate MgF 2 layer on the surface of the porous Si electrode in the first lithiation step to produce a robust solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The MIECI formation mechanism is investigated by operando Raman scattering, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. LiF in the MIECI provides high ion conductivity, while the Li−Mg alloy produces fast electron conductivity and high mechanical strength. As a result, the p‐Si@MgF 2 anode shows excellent cycling stability with 90% capacity retention after 200 cycles and a superior rate capacity of 70% when the current density is increased from 0.5 to 5.0 A g −1 . The novel interfacial modification and engineering strategy has large potential in the design and fabrication of Si anodes for LIBs.
Temperature-dependent skyhook control of HMMWV suspension using a fail-safe magnetorheological damper (2003)

In this paper, a theoretical study is presented to examine the behavior a fail-safe magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) damper based on a temperature compensated skyhook strategy for a quarter car model of a High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). A fail-safe MRF damper is a controllable semi-active device that in the event of power or control system failure behaves as a passive damper with certain viscous damping capacity. The damper's viscous force changes significantly with temperature. Vehicle suspension system is required to operate in a wide range of temperature. The temperature effects on the performance of MRF damper should be considered in the control system design. Displacement and acceleration response of the vehicle sprung mass for the quarter car model are discussed at the operating temperature range of a MRF damper. Simulation results under off-road excitation demonstrated that the compensated skyhook control system improves MRF damper performance in reducing the sprung mass displacement and acceleration compared to the uncompensated skyhook control system.
Visual Attention Models for Scene Text Recognition (2017)

In this paper we propose an approach to lexicon-free recognition of text in scene images. Our approach relies on a LSTM-based soft visual attention model learned from convolutional features. A set of feature vectors are derived from an intermediate convolutional layer corresponding to different areas of the image. This permits encoding of spatial information into the image representation. In this way, the framework is able to learn how to selectively focus on different parts of the image. At every time step the recognizer emits one character using a weighted combination of the convolutional feature vectors according to the learned attention model. Training can be done end-to-end using only word level annotations. In addition, we show that modifying the beam search algorithm by integrating an explicit language model leads to significantly better recognition results. We validate the performance of our approach on standard SVT and ICDAR'03 scene text datasets, showing state-of-the-art performance in unconstrained text recognition.
Novel Monodisperse PEG−Dendrons as New Tools for Targeted Drug Delivery:  Synthesis, Characterization and Cellular Uptake (2005)

Dendrimers, dendrons, and hyperbranched polymers are gaining popularity as novel drugs, imaging agents, and drug delivery systems. They present advantages of well-defined molecular weight, multivalent surfaces, and high drug carrying capacity. Moreover, it is emerging that such architectures can display unique endocytic properties. As poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used for protein and drug conjugation, the aim of this study was for the first time to synthesize novel, branched PEG-based architectures, to define their cytotoxicity and, via preparation of Oregon green (OG) conjugates define the effect of structure on their cellular uptake. Five PEG-based dendrons were synthesized using monodisperse Fmoc-amino PEG propionic acid (M(w) = 840) as a monomer, and cadaverine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine or lysine as the branching moieties. These were diamino,bisPEG (M(w) = 1300); triamino,trisPEG (Mw = 1946); tetraamino,tetraPEG (M(w) = 3956); monocarboxy,diamino,bisPEG (M(w) = 1346); and monocarboxy,tetraamino,tetraPEG (M(w) = 3999). These products had NH(2) or both NH(2) and COOH terminal groups and the identity was verified by amino group analysis and ESI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Purity was determined by HPLC. Representative structures were not toxic towards an endothelial-like cell line (ECV304) at concentrations up to 4 mg/mL (over 72 h). At 37 degrees C, all of the OG-labeled PEG dendrons showed progressive uptake by ECV304 cells, but tetraamino,tetraPEG showed the greatest rate of internalization over the first 20 min. Cellular uptake was inhibited at 4 degrees C, and PEG dendron localization to perinuclear vesicles was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. These well-defined novel architectures have potential for further development as targetable drug delivery systems or tools for construction of structurally defined modified surfaces.
Shield-based microwave on-wafer device measurements (2001)

This paper introduces a shielding technique for use with microwave on-wafer device characterization. This results in a shield-based test fixture, which offers many advantages compared to conventional structures. Among others, the test fixture offers full scalability and very low cost, high measuring accuracy, mitigation of leakage problems associated with lossy substrates, and a large measuring realism. The performance of the shield-based method is demonstrated with measurements on test structures fabricated in low-cost silicon processes.
Effects of Ischemia on P Wave Dispersion and Maximum P Wave Duration During Spontaneous Anginal Episodes (1999)

P wave dispersion (P dispersion), defined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum P wave duration, and maximum P wave duration (P maximum) are electrocardiographic (ECG) markers that have been used to evaluate the discontinuous propagation of sinus impulses and the prolongation of atrial conduction time, respectively. To study the effects of myocardial ischemia on P dispersion and P maximum, 95 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and typical angina pectoris and 15 controls with angina like symptoms underwent 12-lead surface ECG during and after the relief of pain. During pain and during the asymptomatic period, P maximum and P dispersion were calculated from the averaged complexes of all 12 leads. P dispersion increased significantly during spontaneous angina (45+/-17 ms) compared to the asymptomatic period (40+/-15 ms), P < 0.001 only in the patient group. Both P maximum and P dispersion showed higher values during angina in those patients who developed diffuse ischemia, as estimated with ST segment changes in multiple ECG leads. P dispersion showed higher values during the anginal episode in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, independently of the presence of a previous myocardial infarction. Atrial conduction abnormalities, as estimated with P maximum and particularly P dispersion, are significantly influenced by myocardial ischemia in patients with CAD and spontaneous angina.
Quantification of analytes in overlapping peaks from capillary electrophoresis using multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares methods (2003)

Application of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (ALS) methods to second-order data from capillary electrophoresis diode array detector (CE-DAD) is shown. Second-order data are easily obtained by setting individual data matrix of CE run one in top of the other. Initial qualitative solutions obtained by evolving factor analysis can be further optimized by simultaneous analysis of multiple electrophoresis run data with ALS regression. Quantification is achieved by the comparison of the analyte peak areas with that of pure standards. During the ALS regression procedure, the following constraints were applied: (i) both concentrations and unit pure spectra of the resolved components must be positive; (ii) elution profiles have an unimodal shape; (iii) correspondence exists between common species in the different data matrices; (iv) the pure spectrum of each species is the same in all runs where it is present. The above methods were applied for the determination of dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomeric compounds in overlapping peaks from CE.
Computing the feasible configurations of a 7-DOF arm subject to joint limits (1993)

A seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) anthropomorphic arm requires the control of the relative orientation of the elbow to satisfy task, kinematic, and dynamic constraints. While prior work has dealt primarily with iterative repulsive schemes to avoid joint limit stops, a geometric algorithm for explicitly computing the set of feasible configurations of a zero-offset arm at an arbitrary position with respect to the current position is presented. The data facilitates trajectory planning that takes into account a wide range of factors, including the limit stops, rather than reacting to limit stops encountered during trajectory execution. The algorithm was implemented to run on the JIFFE robotics processor. JIFFE computes the feasible configuration set and, mostly for testing, uses the data for inverse kinematics in 10 mu s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Auditing of sampling methods for air toxics at coal-fired power plants (1995)

Advanced Technology Systems, Inc. (ATS) with subcontract assistance from international Technology Corporation (IT) has provided external audit activities for Phase II of the Department of Energy-Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center`s air emission test program. The objective of the audits is to help ensure that the data obtained from the emission tests are precise, accurate, representative, scientifically sound and legally defensible. This paper presents the criteria that were used to perform the external audits of the emission test program. It also describes the approach used by ATS and It in performing their audits. Examples of findings of the audits along with the actions take to correct problems and the subsequent effect of those actions on the test data are presented. The results of audit spikes performed at the Plant 1 test site are also discussed.
Tetrachlorobis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]dirhenium. A rhenium-rhenium triple bond in a staggered conformation (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrachlorobis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]dirhenium. A rhenium-rhenium triple bond in a staggered conformationF. Albert Cotton, George G. Stanley, and Richard A. WaltonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 8, 2099–2102Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50186a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50186a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiple Candida strains in the course of a single systemic infection (1988)

Species and strain variabilities have been monitored during the history of a prolonged Candida infection in a single compromised bone marrow transplant patient by analyzing sugar assimilation patterns, high-frequency switching repertoires, and Southern blot hybridization patterns with two cloned mid-repeat sequences (Ca3 and Ca7) which are species specific for Candida albicans and one cloned mid-repeat sequence (Ct13-8) which is species specific for Candida tropicalis. Evidence is presented that during the course of this infection (i) two strains of C. albicans and three strains of C. tropicalis were distinguished by their switching repertoires, Southern blot hybridization patterns, and sugar assimilation patterns; (ii) the three C. tropicalis strains were in a high-frequency mode of switching; (iii) two C. tropicalis strains coexisted in the blood and three C. tropicalis strains coexisted in the throat at different times during the history of the infection; (iv) amphotericin B treatment selectively removed one of two C. tropicalis strains coexisting in the blood and this strain exhibited greater susceptibility to amphotericin B in vitro (the remaining strain was subsequently removed from the blood by flucytosine treatment); and (v) both the strain removed from the blood by amphotericin B and the strain removed from the blood by flucytosine reappeared several days later at another site of infection. It is demonstrated for the first time that C. tropicalis is capable of high-frequency switching of colony morphology just as C. albicans is, that there is more than one strain-specific switching repertoire in C. tropicalis, and that a C. tropicalis mid-repeat sequence can be used for discriminating species and assessing strain relatedness, as previously demonstrated for C. albicans mid-repeat sequences.
OPTIMIZED FAST HANKEL TRANSFORM FILTERS1 (1990)

A bstract In the linear digital filter theory for calculation of Hankel transforms it is possible to find explicit series expansions for the filter coefficients. A method is presented for optimizing the Hankel filters calculated in this way. For a certain desired accuracy of computation, the sampling density and filter length are minimized by choosing the parameters determining the filter characteristics according to the analytical properties of the input function. A new approach to the calculation of the filter coefficients has been developed for these optimized filters. The length of the filters may be further reduced by introducing a shift in the sampling scheme.
Exploring graphics processing units as parallel coprocessors for online aggregation (2010)

Multidimensional aggregation is one of the most important computational building blocks and hence also a potential performance bottleneck in Online Analytic Processing (OLAP). In order to deliver fast query responses for interactive operations such as slicing, dicing, roll-up and drill-down, it is essential that aggregates along the relevant dimensions of a data cube can be calculated as efficiently as possible. General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is a recent trend used in many computing domains with the potential for tremendous speedups through the massively data-parallel computation available on such devices. We present a GPU-based cube data structure and algorithms for fast multidimensional aggregation, implemented using Nvidia's CUDA framework. Our experimental tests show a substantial speedup over state-of-the-art sequential algorithms. Moreover, the performance gain is particularly high in cases exposing the weaknesses of traditional algorithms, i.e. when the number of base cells involved in an aggregation is large.
Inverse Design of Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Lasers (2022)

The active core (AC) of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a superlattice with hundreds of layers, which embodies stages consisting of 10-12 quantum wells repeating 30 to 50 times. Optimization of these layer thicknesses and compositions yields the desired device performance metrics for a given structure. As part of the device-design processfor these structures, human intervention is needed at multiple steps from identifying relevant wavefunctions to analyzing device-performance metrics. This is a time-consuming process ranging from weeks to months with little to no guarantee of success. We aim to replace this human intervention aspect of the AC design by training deep neural networks (DNNs) and implement an inverse design approach. To train these DNNs, datasets of QCL-AC structure and corresponding performance metrics are used to develop instinctive connections between them. After training is finished, we expect this network to achieve an AC design based on input device performance metrics in a significantly shorter timeframe.
Robust Segmentation Models using an Uncertainty Slice Sampling Based Annotation Workflow (2021)

Semantic segmentation neural networks require pixel-level annotations in large quantities to achieve a good performance. In the medical domain, such annotations are expensive, because they are time-consuming and require expert knowledge. Active learning optimizes the annotation effort by devising strategies to select cases for labeling that are most informative to the model. In this work, we propose an uncertainty slice sampling (USS) strategy for semantic segmentation of 3D medical volumes that selects 2D image slices for annotation and compare it with various other strategies. We demonstrate the efficiency of USS on a CT liver segmentation task using multi-site data. After five iterations, the training data resulting from USS consisted of 2410 slices (4% of all slices in the data pool) compared to 8121 (13%), 8641 (14%), and 3730 (6%) for uncertainty volume (UVS), random volume (RVS), and random slice (RSS) sampling, respectively. Despite being trained on the smallest amount of data, the model based on the USS strategy evaluated on 234 test volumes significantly outperformed models trained according to other strategies and achieved a mean Dice index of 0.964, a relative volume error of 4.2%, a mean surface distance of 1.35 mm, and a Hausdorff distance of 23.4 mm. This was only slightly inferior to 0.967, 3.8%, 1.18 mm, and 22.9 mm achieved by a model trained on all available data, but the robustness analysis using the 5th percentile of Dice and the 95th percentile of the remaining metrics demonstrated that USS resulted not only in the most robust model compared to other sampling schemes, but also outperformed the model trained on all data according to Dice (0.946 vs. 0.945) and mean surface distance (1.92 mm vs. 2.03 mm).
ChemInform Abstract: A Melt Processable Ethynylphenoxy Group Substituted Cyclotriphosphazene: Synthesis and Thermal Polymerization. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.