gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the distinction between entangled and separable states of quantum registers (2003)

Quantum computing operates in three stages: (i) preparation of the initial states of the n qubits of a register, (ii) step by step transformation of the state of this register by unitary operators which compose the quantum program, and (iii), measurement of all or some of the qubits of the register. The existence of quantum algorithms which are exponentially less complex than their classical counterparts for some classes of problems, stems from entangled states established by multi-qubit unitary operators within the quantum program. A register of n qubits is a quantum system composed of n quantum subsystems. The state |/spl psi/> of a quantum system composed of two quantum subsystems A and B is said to be entangled when |/spl psi/> is not reducible to a pair composed of a state |/spl psi/> of A and a state |/spl psi//sub B/> of B: such situations have no counterpart in the classical world. In quantum theory, such a pair of states is denoted by a tensor product: |/spl psi/> is entangled if it cannot be factorized into the tensor product |/spl psi//sub A/>/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub B/>. This paper establishes conditions according to which it is possible to tell whether or not the state of a register of n qubits is entangled. The state of a single qubit is a vector /spl alpha/|0>+/spl beta/|1> of unit norm in a 2-dimensional vector space, where |0> and |1> are the two basis states and where a and are complex amplitudes. Then, if both A and B are qubits, the most general form of the state of a register composed of the 2 qubits A and B is also a vector of unit norm, but now in a 4-dimensional space: |/spl psi/>=/spl alpha/|00>+/spl beta/|01+/spl gamma/|10>+/spl sigma/|11>. It is straightforward to prove that |/spl psi/> can be factorized into |/spl psi//sub A/>/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub B/> if and only if /spl alpha//spl delta/=/spl beta//spl gamma/. In such a case, |/spl psi/> is said to be separable, i.e. not entangled. This paper generalizes this form of condition to registers of n qubits. If |/spl psi/> is the state of a register of n qubits, two different questions about the separability of |/spl psi/> are answered: (i) is |/spl psi/> separable into a product |/spl psi//sub 1/>/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub 2/>/spl ominus/L/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub n/> of n single qubit states? and (ii), is |/spl psi/> separable into a product |/spl psi//sub A/>/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub B/> of the states of two subregisters A and B, respectively containing p and q adjacent qubits with p+q=n? For both questions, necessary and sufficient conditions are given.
Feminism with men: bridging the gender gap (2005)

Chapter 1 The Stalled Revolution Chapter 2 Why Men Should be Feminists: Steve's Story Chapter 3 How Patriarchy Wounds Us All: Doris's Story Chapter 4 The Crumbling of Patriarchy: Equality as the Wave of the Future Chapter 5 Envisioning Alternatives to the Contemporary Manhood-Making Machine Chapter 6 Becoming a (Pro)Feminist Chapter 7 Being a (Pro)Feminist Chapter 8 (Pro)Feminist Parenting: Learning How to Mother and be a Positive Feminist Role Model Chapter 9 Feminist Women and (Pro)Feminist Men: Moving From an Uneasy to Radical Alliance Chapter 10 Undoing the Original Phallic Sin: Envisioning A Fourth Wave of Feminism
Signal Alignment for Humanoid Skeletons via the Globally Optimal\n Reparameterization Algorithm (2018)

The general ability to analyze and classify the 3D kinematics of the human\nform is an essential step in the development of socially adept humanoid robots.\nA variety of different types of signals can be used by machines to represent\nand characterize actions such as RGB videos, infrared maps, and optical flow.\nIn particular, skeleton sequences provide a natural 3D kinematic description of\nhuman motions and can be acquired in real time using RGB+D cameras. Moreover,\nskeleton sequences are generalizable to characterize the motions of both humans\nand humanoid robots. The Globally Optimal Reparameterization Algorithm (GORA)\nis a novel, recently proposed algorithm for signal alignment in which signals\nare reparameterized to a globally optimal universal standard timescale (UST).\nHere, we introduce a variant of GORA for humanoid action recognition with\nskeleton sequences, which we call GORA-S. We briefly review the algorithm's\nmathematical foundations and contextualize them in the problem of action\nrecognition with skeleton sequences. Subsequently, we introduce GORA-S and\ndiscuss parameters and numerical techniques for its effective implementation.\nWe then compare its performance with that of the DTW and FastDTW algorithms, in\nterms of computational efficiency and accuracy in matching skeletons. Our\nresults show that GORA-S attains a complexity that is significantly less than\nthat of any tested DTW method. In addition, it displays a favorable balance\nbetween speed and accuracy that remains invariant under changes in skeleton\nsampling frequency, lending it a degree of versatility that could make it\nwell-suited for a variety of action recognition tasks.\n
Design of a Versatile pH-Responsive Hydrogel for Potential Oral Delivery of Gastric-Sensitive Bioactives (2017)

A pH-responsive hydrogel system was prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylamide and methyl acrylic acid in the presence of <i>N</i>-<i>N</i>'-methylene bisacrylamide. Sodium bicarbonate was further applied as a blowing agent, which afforded a porous hydrogel structure. The hydrogel system achieved a constant super swelling rate within simulated intestinal buffer (~4%/min) and remained relatively static within simulated gastric buffer (~0.8%/min). The hydrogel system was able to achieve matrix resilience greater than 30% under a relatively high strain of 40%. In addition, the hydrogel system demonstrated significant swelling properties in response to simulated intestinal environmental over 24 h, with contrasting characteristics in simulated gastric buffer. The hydrogel demonstrated type IV isotherm porosity characteristics, with remarkable MRI and SEM variations in gastric and intestinal simulated fluids. Drug loading was observed to be greater than 98% using theophylline as a prototype drug, evaluating its controlled release kinetics over 24 h. The hydrogel exhibited substantial pH-responsive activity, which could be used as a versatile platform for targeted release of gastric-sensitive therapeutics to the small intestine.
A Micro-Scale Swimmer Propelled by Traveling Surface Waves (2011)

Micro-scale slender swimmers are frequently encountered in nature and recently in micro-robotic applications. The swimming mechanism examined in this article is based on small transverse axi-symmetrical travelling wave deformations of a cylindrical long shell. In very small scale, inertia forces become negligible and viscous forces dominate most propulsion mechanisms being used by micro-organisms and robotic devices. The present paper proposes a compact design principle that provides efficient power to propel and maneuver a micro-scale device. Shown in this paper is a numerical analysis which couples the MEMS structure to the surrounding fluid. Analytical results compare the proposed mechanism to commonly found tail (flagella) driven devices, and a parametric comparison is shown suggesting it has superior performance. Numerical studies are preformed to verify the analytical model. Finally, a macro-scale demonstrator swimming in an environment with similar Reynolds numbers to the ones found in small scale is shown and its behavior in the laboratory is compared to the theory.
Graph-based Approaches for Organization Entity Resolution in MapReduce (2013)

Entity Resolution is the task of identifying which records in a database refer to the same entity.A standard machine learning pipeline for the entity resolution problem consists of three major components: blocking, pairwise linkage, and clustering.The blocking step groups records by shared properties to determine which pairs of records should be examined by the pairwise linker as potential duplicates.Next, the linkage step assigns a probability score to pairs of records inside each block.If a pair scores above a user-defined threshold, the records are presumed to represent the same entity.Finally, the clustering step turns the input records into clusters of records (or profiles), where each cluster is uniquely associated with a single real-world entity.This paper describes the blocking and clustering strategies used to deploy a massive database of organization entities to power a major commercial People Search Engine.We demonstrate the viability of these algorithms for large data sets on a 50-node hadoop cluster.
Oxidation sharpening of silicon tips in the atmospheric environment (2017)

Sharp tips are essential for high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and high-performance electron emitters in vacuum microelectronic devices. Thermal oxidation at high temperature followed by oxide removal is widely used in the nanofabrication of sharp silicon AFM/emitter tips. This method relies on the fact that oxide grows slower on areas with a smaller radius of curvature. Thermal oxidation is commonly carried out in a dedicated oxidation furnace that is costly, and the tips or wafer of tips must be cleaned thoroughly using Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning. Here, the authors report that oxidation sharpening can also be attained using a very low-cost generic box furnace in the atmospheric environment that does not require the tips to go through an RCA cleaning process. As is apparent, such cleaning is not convenient for millimeter-scale AFM probes. The minimum tip apex radius of 2.5 nm was obtained by oxidation at 950 °C in the atmospheric environment. The obvious application of this approach is the regeneration of sharp tips out of worn out and thus blunt AFM probes at very low cost.
Activity-Dependent and Activity-Independent Development of the Axon Initial Segment (2014)

The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of spike initiation in neurons. Previous studies revealed that spatial distribution of the AIS varies greatly among neurons to meet their specific needs. However, when and how this differentiation arises is unknown. Neurons in the avian nucleus laminaris (NL) are binaural coincidence detectors for sound localization and show differentiation in the distribution of the AIS, with shorter length and a more distal position from the soma with an increase in tuning frequency. We studied these characteristics of the AIS in NL neurons of the chicken during development and found that the AIS differentiates in its distribution after initial formation, and this is driven by activity-dependent and activity-independent mechanisms that differentially regulate distal and proximal boundaries of the AIS. Before hearing onset, the ankyrinG-positive AIS existed at a wide stretch of proximal axon regardless of tuning frequency, but Na+ channels were only partially distributed within the AIS. Shortly after hearing onset, Na+ channels accumulated along the entire AIS, which started shortening and relocating distally to a larger extent in neurons with higher tuning frequencies. Ablation of inner ears abolished the shortening of the AIS without affecting the position of its proximal boundary, indicating that both distal and proximal AIS boundaries are disassembled during development, and the former is dependent on afferent activity. Thus, interaction of these activity-dependent and activity-independent mechanisms determines the cell-specific distribution of the AIS in NL neurons and plays a critical role in establishing the function of sound localization circuit.
Use of Genetics in the Clinical Evaluation of Cardiomyopathy (2009)

Inherited forms of cardiomyopathy are frequently responsible for heart failure that is otherwise unexplained. Evaluation of familial cardiomyopathy should include not only the individual patient, but also the pattern of inheritance within the family and assessment for the presence of syndromic features. The last 10 years have seen remarkable advances in genetics. Improvements in technology have lowered costs, such that clinical use of genetic testing is rapidly expanding. Genetic counseling about the potential risks and benefits of such testing is an important part of the care of individuals and families with inherited heart disease. Among inherited types of cardiomyopathy, the likelihood of finding a responsible gene mutation varies. Both hypertrophic and right ventricular forms of cardiomyopathy have a relatively high likelihood of finding a responsible gene mutation when testing is properly applied. Because of prominent genetic heterogeneity in familial dilated cardiomyopathy, recognition of pathogenic mutations is more challenging. With or without genetic testing, screening of family members who are at risk for an inherited form of cardiomyopathy leads to earlier identification, earlier treatment, and improved outcomes.
Minor chromosomal variants and major chromosomal anomalies in couples with recurrent abortion. (1982)

One hundred three women with prior histories of recurrent spontaneous abortion and 81 of their mates were karyotyped with Q-banding during 1976-1980. Recurrent abortion was defined as two or more spontaneous pregnancy losses; no couple with a previous malformed fetus or child was included. These cases were reviewed in order to examine the possible contributions of minor polymorphic chromosomal variants and major chromosomal abnormalities to recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss. Balanced translocations were detected in four women and two men in the study; mosaic X aneuploidy was noted in one woman. Quantitative (1 qh, 9qh, 16qh, Yqh) and qualitative (3c, 4c, 13p, 13s, 14p, 14s, 15p, 15s, 21p, 21s, 22p, 22s) heterochromatic polymorphisms were blindly assessed and compared with a control group. Cases and controls did not differ in the frequency of any qualitative polymorphisms or in the length of any quantitative polymorphism. Thus, while major parental cytogenetic aberrations are significantly associated with fetal wastage, these data suggest that minor polymorphic chromosomal variants do not play an important role in the etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Effects of Assembly Local Power Distribution on Storage Rack Criticality (1985)

Fuel storage rack criticality calculations have been performed for a set of 8 x 8 BWR k<sub>∞</sub>-equivalent fuel bundles. The results of these calculations indicate that the storage rack multiplication factor is not determined solely by the k<sub>∞</sub>'s of the individual fuel assemblies, but is also sensitive to the local power, and underlying enrichment, burnable poison, water hole and burnup distributions. Furthermore, in order to insure a true conservative upper bound on the storage rack multiplication factor, reference assemblies with the most centrally peaked power distributions should be selected.
The preparation and properties of the boranocarbonates (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe preparation and properties of the boranocarbonatesLeo J. Malone Jr. and Robert W. ParryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 4, 817–822Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50050a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (745 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of a Swirl-stabilized Conical Burner (2014)

Experimental study has been carried out to understand combustion characteristics of a swirl-stabilized premixed gas turbine combustor for power generation. <TEX>$NO_x$</TEX> and CO emissions, extinction limit, pressure loss, and temperature distribution were measured for various operating conditions. Results show that, with increasing inlet air temperature, <TEX>$NO_x$</TEX> is increased due to a higher adiabatic flame temperature while CO is increased or decreased for low or high A/F ratio regime, respectively. depending on the flame location. With decreasing load from the design condition, <TEX>$NO_x$</TEX> is decreased as thermal load is reduced. With further decreasing load, however, <TEX>$NO_x$</TEX> is increased due to a longer residence time. CO is decreased and then increased with decreasing load. Flame extinction limit is extended with increasing inlet air temperature as the recirculation strength is enhanced.
Storage Service Orchestration with Container Elasticity (2018)

The advent, popularity and widespread adoption of Cloud-Native architectures and platforms have revolutionized the way in which applications are being built and deployed in the Cloud. Applications designed for Cloud-Native architectures are being migrated from traditional monolithic approach to a Microservices architecture, in which an application is broken down into a collection of small, independent and collaborative services. These applications are dynamically scheduled and managed by Cloud Native platforms. Container Orchestrators (CO), such as Docker, Kubernetes, Cloud Foundry, enable the deployment and management of stateless and scalable microservices. However, as more and more stateful applications and workloads are being deployed in Cloud-Native platforms, these platforms must support the workloads by providing persistent storage to the microservices so that data can be protected and accessed beyond the lifecycle of an ephemeral container. In this paper, we present the design and development of a Cloud-Native storage service orchestration platform by leveraging capabilities of the IBM Ubiquity framework. Our ultimate goal is to provide persistent storage across different container orchestrators and supporting multi-protocol access for Volume management within the storage systems, such as SSH, REST, GPFS native protocol using CLI, NFS and Object. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the storage service orchestration development vision by providing a prototype implementation using Docker and General Parallel Filesystem (GPFS), aiming to provide shared storage volumes to containers orchestrated by Docker. As the volume and variety of microservices continue to grow and to dominate the development and deployments of Cloud applications, we conjecture that the proposed storage service orchestration framework will be a critical enabling building block for supporting elastic, reliable and effective microservice architectures in Cloud datacenters.
Family Matter (2007)

Decisions about limiting or stopping driving are among the most difficult that older adults face. There is little research related to this decision making of older drivers, family members, and other trusted individuals who contribute to the decision. To report on the preferences that older drivers have for conversations with others with concerns about their driving, this paper draws on a series of focus groups and a U.S. survey of drivers age 50 and older. A majority of survey respondents indicated that they engaged in some degree of voluntary self-regulation of their driving. People generally preferred to be approached by individual family members as opposed to those outside the family for conversations about their driving. In terms of preferences for who should speak with the older driver, differences emerged on the basis of household status. Most older adults who were married preferred to hear first from a spouse, although the choice was not universal. Doctors and adult children were also preferred choices for conversations. The paper concludes with a discussion of pragmatic implications of the research for conducting conversations with older adults about concerns with their driving.
Association between AMPD1 Gene Polymorphism and Coagulation Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease (2006)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the C34T and G468T variations in the adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) gene were associated with intima-media thickness of the carotid and brachial artery, endothelial function of the brachial artery, glucose metabolism, haemostatic variables and cardiac hypertrophy in patients (n = 109) with coronary heart disease. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and the von Willebrand factor were higher in the CC homozygote group compared to the CT/TT group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups regarding intima-media complex of the carotid and brachial artery, presence of plaque in the carotid region, flow-mediated dilatation, ejection fraction or dimensions of the heart. In conclusion, there were no differences between the mutant AMPD1 allele carriers and CC homozygotes regarding surrogate values for atherosclerosis, endothelial function, dimensions and ejection fraction of the heart, glucose tolerance and other well-known cardiovascular risk factors, whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and von Willebrand levels were lower in the mutant AMPD1 allele carriers.
Fused azole-thiazolines via one-pot cyclization of functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene precursors (2020)

A one-pot two-step methodology was exploited to synthesize fused thiazoline-azolium salts via reactions of bromoalkyl-azolium salts with KSCN and NaOH. The synthetic feasibility and versatility was demonstrated by the high yield (>80%) preparation of 13 salts with different backbones, linkers and substituents. Using methylpropionato as an N-protecting group, the resulting salts could be further derivatized to their neutral azole-thiazolines. The reaction sequence proceeds via (i) Br → SCN substitution, (ii) N-heterocyclic carbene formation, (iii) carbene attack of the S atom and CN<sup>-</sup> displacement in the alkyl-S-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N unit, and (iv) methyl acrylate elimination.
Calpains and cytokines in fibrillating human atria (2002)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is accompanied by intracellular calcium overload. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of calcium-dependent calpains and cytokines during AF. Atrial tissue samples from 32 patients [16 with chronic AF and 16 in sinus rhythm (SR)] undergoing open heart surgery were studied. Atrial expression of calpain I and II, calpastatin, troponin T (TnT), troponin C (TnC), and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tumor necrosis factor-α] were determined. Expression of calpain I was increased during AF (461 ± 201% vs. 100 ± 34%, P &lt; 0.05). Amounts of calpain II and calpastatin were unchanged. Total calpain enzymatic activity was more than doubled during AF (35.2 ± 17.7 vs. 12.4 ± 9.2 units, P &lt; 0.05). In contrast to TnC, TnT levels were reduced in fibrillating atria by 26% ( P &lt; 0.05), corresponding to the myofilament disintegration seen by electron microscopy. Small amounts of only IL-2 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were detected regardless of the underlying cardiac rhythm. In conclusion, atria of patients with permanent AF show evidence of calpain I activation that might contribute to structural remodeling and contractile dysfunction, whereas there is no evidence of activation of tissue cytokines.