gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of prostate specific membrane antigen targeted ultrasound microbubbles using bioorthogonal chemistry (2017)

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted microbubbles (MBs) were developed using bioorthogonal chemistry. Streptavidin-labeled MBs were treated with a biotinylated tetrazine (MBTz) and targeted to PSMA expressing cells using trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized anti-PSMA antibodies (TCO-anti-PSMA). The extent of MB binding to PSMA positive cells for two different targeting strategies was determined using an in vitro flow chamber. The initial approach involved pretargeting, where TCO-anti-PSMA was first incubated with PSMA expressing cells and followed by MBTz, which subsequently showed a 2.8 fold increase in the number of bound MBs compared to experiments performed in the absence of TCO-anti-PSMA. Using direct targeting, where TCO-anti-PSMA was linked to MBTz prior to initiation of the assay, a 5-fold increase in binding compared to controls was observed. The direct targeting approach was subsequently evaluated in vivo using a human xenograft tumor model and two different PSMA-targeting antibodies. The US signal enhancements observed were 1.6- and 5.9-fold greater than that for non-targeted MBs. The lead construct was also evaluated in a head-to-head study using mice bearing both PSMA positive or negative tumors in separate limbs. The human PSMA expressing tumors exhibited a 2-fold higher US signal compared to those tumors deficient in human PSMA. The results demonstrate both the feasibility of preparing PSMA-targeted MBs and the benefits of using bioorthogonal chemistry to create targeted US probes.
Impact of sapphire nitridation on formation of Al-polar inversion domains in N-polar AlN epitaxial layers (2017)

In this work, we study the basic processes during the initial stages of growth which control polarity in N-polar AlN films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. More specifically, we study the morphology and atomic structure of the films as dependent on nitridation conditions, i.e., duration and temperature, by atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy ,and high resolution high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our experimental results show that beyond a critical temperature of 1000 °C in addition to an omnipresent two-dimensional aluminum-oxynitride layer, three-dimensional Al-polar AlN islands form. While the aluminum-oxynitride layer is unstable under high temperature growth conditions and results in N-polar films, Al-polar islands are stable and induce Al-polar columnar inversion domains in the N-polar AlN films. Appropriate nitridation conditions (approximately 10 minutes at T = 850 °C–950 °C) and adjustment of growth parameters (reactor pressure, NH3 flux, etc.) prevent the formation of Al-polar islands, which is essential for achieving N-polar films free of inversion domains.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft Drugs. Part 12. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Soft Bufuralol Analogues. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigation of air-infiltration characteristics and mechanisms for a townhouse. Final report (1979)

Air infiltration measurements using a tracer-gas technique and the pressurization technique were performed on a three-bedroom townhouse having a gas-fired, forced-air furnace system, in order to quantify the amount of air infiltration due to various mechanisms. These mechanisms include combustion and draft-diverter air requirements, air leakage from supply-air ducts, and air leakage through the solid parts of the building envelope as well as air leakage through cracks around windows and doors. A thermographic survey was also performed in conjunction with pressurization of the structure, in an attempt to identify specific leaks. An apparatus for measuring the air permeability of building materials was used to analyze the significance of air permeation through solid building elements. Based on the findings of the study, general guidelines are presented for reducing air infiltration in residences.
Crystal Growth of Aragonite Precipitated Calcium Carbonate by Seeded Method (2007)

Characteristics of nucleation and crystal growth of aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate in Ca(OH)2 – MgCl2 – CO2 system via a carbonation process is investigated. Aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate with high aspect ratio was synthesized at high reaction temperature and concentration of Ca(OH)2 slurry. The increase in crystal size with decreased in CO2 gas flow rate can be explained by a decrease in the nucleation rate and an increase in the crystal growth rate caused by a decrease in the dissolution rate to CO3 2- ion. In this study, crystal growth of aragonite was investigated by adding aragonite seed. It was found that crystal growth of aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate could be controlled by three-step carbonation process using reactants as the Ca(OH)2. Aragonite with an aspect ratio from 5 to 27 and diameter from 3μm to 24μm was thereby grown at a reaction temperature of 80°C and a CO2 flow rate of 50ml/min. It was also found that MgCl2 aqueous solution can be used again in the carbonation process for the synthesis of aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate.
Classical Swine Fever Virus Strain ‘C’. How Long is it Detectable After Oral Vaccination? (2004)

To determine the persistence period of C-strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). Tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of C-strain virus. From domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected. During the investigation period (2-12 dpv) vaccine virus could never be detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of vaccinated domestic pigs. In contrast, C-strain virus was found in organs until day 8 pv in domestic pigs and until day 9 pv in wild boars. Whereas in domestic pigs virus was detected in tonsils, Ln. mandibularis or in spleen, in wild boar it only was found in tonsils. We conclude that C-strain vaccine virus is not detectable in wild boars longer than 10-12 days after intake of the vaccine baits.
On the Ground Deformation and Phenomena Forerunning Natural Disasters (Earthquake, Rock-falling and Landslide) (1965)

By observing crustal deformation in underground galleries and ground deformation at the landslide zone using extensometers and tiltmeters, before the occurrence of an earthquake, rock-falling or landslide, some peculiar changes of ground-strain and ground-tilt which may be regarded as these forerunning phenomena were observed. When sufficient data for these forerunning phenomena are detected and any pattern between the forerunning phenomena and the occurrence of the disasters is found, it will be of definite help in predicting such disasters. In this paper some examples of peculiar changes in ground-strain and ground-tilt observed before the occurrence of a great earthquake, a rock-falling and a landslide are examined along with some geophysical investigations on landslide.
Central venous pressure estimation with force-coupled ultrasound of the internal jugular vein (2023)

We estimate central venous pressure (CVP) with force-coupled ultrasound imaging of the internal jugular vein (IJV). We acquire ultrasound images while measuring force applied over the IJV by the ultrasound probe imaging surface. We record collapse force, the force required to completely occlude the vein, in 27 healthy subjects. We find supine collapse force and jugular venous pulsation height (JVP), the clinical noninvasive standard, have a linear correlation coefficient of r<sup>2</sup> = 0.89 and an average absolute difference of 0.23 mmHg when estimating CVP. We perturb our estimate negatively by tilting 16 degrees above supine and observe decreases in collapse force for every subject which are predictable from our CVP estimates. We perturb venous pressure positively to values experienced in decompensated heart failure by having subjects perform the Valsalva maneuver while the IJV is being collapsed and observe an increase in collapse force for every subject. Finally, we derive a CVP waveform with an inverse three-dimensional finite element optimization that uses supine collapse force and segmented force-coupled ultrasound data at approximately constant force.
MAINTAINING DIGITAL CLOCKS IN STEP (1991)

A system of simultaneously triggered clocks is designed to be stabilizing: if the clock values ever differ, the system is guaranteed to converge to a state where all clock values are identical, and are subsequently maintained to be identical. For an N-clock system, the design uses N registers of 2 log N bits each and guarantees convergence to identical values within N 2 "triggers".
Time-domain and morphological descriptors of paced and spontaneous P-waves in patients prone to atrial fibrillation (2006)

Aim of this study was to compare time-domain and morphological descriptors of paced and unpaced P-wave in patients prone to atrial fibrillation (AF). 17 patients (8 females, aged 73±8) affected by paroxysmal AF and implanted with dual chamber pacemakers (PM) were studied. Two 5-minute recordings were performed: during spontaneous and paced rhythm. ECG signals were acquired using a 32-lead mapping system. Patients were grouped into two classes: 8 patients without (low risk, LR) and 9 patients with (high risk, HR) AF episodes in the 6 months before the analysis. We found that all Timedomain and morphological descriptors of the P-wave but one succeed in discriminating LR and HR patients in spontaneous rhythm, while no significant difference has been observed during pacing for any parameters. However atrial pacing determines a significant increase in time-domain parameters and a more complex morphology. 1.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound for the assessment of in-stent tissue coverage after stent implantation (2009)

At present there exists no direct comparative data for the detection of in-stent tissue coverage as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in clinical settings. To explore this subject, we investigated the correlation between the IVUS and OCT measurements derived from a contemporary population.The present study includes 20 patients who had stents imaged at a six months follow-up with both IVUS and OCT, acquired with an automated pull-back. Off-line analyses were done by an independent validated Core-Lab (RHR, Rome, Italy). Measurements of stent length obtained by IVUS and OCT were 16.3+/-3.0 mm and 16.2+/-3.8 mm respectively (p=0.82) and were similar to nominal length (16.3+/-3.3 mm). Luminal area in the OCT image set was lower than that obtained in the corresponding IVUS image set (3.83+/-1.60 mm2 vs 4.05+/-1.44 mm2, p<0.001), while stent area was significantly higher when measured by OCT (6.61+/-1.39 mm2 vs 6.17+/-1.07 mm2, p<0.001). The percentage of tissue coverage measured by IVUS was lower than that measured in the corresponding OCT image sets (35.5+/-16.4% vs 43.4+/-16.1%, p<0.001). Correlation coefficients were high for repeated OCT measurements by two different observers (r=0.99).OCT can quantify in-stent coverage and detect strut healing with high reproducibility. IVUS tends to underestimate the percentage of in-stent tissue coverage as compared to OCT.
Reversible CO2 Capture and On-Demand Release by an Acidity-Matched Organic Photoswitch (2023)

Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources or directly from the atmosphere can contribute crucially to climate-change mitigation plans for the coming decades. A fundamental practical limitation for current strategies is the considerable energy cost required to regenerate the sorbent and release the captured CO2 for storage or utilization. The feasibility of these approaches, including thermal stripping, pressure swing desorption, and electrochemical switching, can only be justified by the availability of affordable, storable, and widely distributable renewable energy. A photochemically driven system that demonstrates efficient passive capture and on-demand CO2 release triggered by sunlight as the sole external stimulus would provide an attractive alternative. However, little is known about the thermodynamic requirements for such a process, nor mechanisms for modulating changes in CO2 affinity with photoinduced metastable states. Here, we show that an organic photoswitchable molecule of precisely matched effective acidity can repeatedly capture and release a near-stoichiometric quantity of CO2 according to dark–light cycles. We show that the CO2-derived species rests as a solvent-separated ion pair, and key aspects of its excited-state dynamics that regulate photorelease efficiency are characterized by transient absorption spectroscopy. The thermodynamic and kinetic concepts established herein will serve as guiding principles for the development of viable solar-powered negative emissions technologies.
Orthogonal Patterning of PEDOT:PSS for Organic Electronics using Hydrofluoroether Solvents (2009)

By employing benign process solvents and specially tailored photopolymers, organic electronic materials can be lithographically patterned. Furthermore, because the process is acid stable, this is an ideal candidate for patterning acidic PEDOT:PSS, an important material for organic electronics. Fabrication of a multilayer OTFT demonstrates the potential of this orthogonal patterning process. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Increased Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Variant Cross-Recognition and Functional Avidity Are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Clearance (2008)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance has been associated with reduced viral evolution in targeted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, suggesting that HCV clearers may mount CTL responses with a superior ability to recognize epitope variants and prevent viral immune escape. Here, 40 HCV-infected subjects were tested with 406 10-mer peptides covering the vast majority of the sequence diversity spanning a 197-residue region of the NS3 protein. HCV clearers mounted significantly broader CTL responses of higher functional avidity and with wider variant cross-recognition capacity than nonclearers. These observations have important implications for vaccine approaches that may need to induce high-avidity responses in vivo.
Effects of Oral Domoic Acid Exposure on Maternal Reproduction and Infant Birth Characteristics in a Preclinical Nonhuman Primate Model (2018)

Abstract Domoic Acid (DA) is a naturally-occurring excitotoxin, produced by marine algae, which can bioaccumulate in shellfish and finfish. The consumption of seafood contaminated with DA is associated with gastrointestinal illness that, in the case of high DA exposure, can evolve into a spectrum of responses ranging from agitation to hallucinations, memory loss, seizures and coma. Because algal blooms that produce DA are becoming more widespread and very little is known about the dangers of chronic, low-dose exposure, we initiated a preclinical study focused on the reproductive and developmental effects of DA in a nonhuman primate model. To this end, 32 adult female Macaca fascicularis monkeys were orally exposed to 0, 0.075 or 0.15 mg/kg/day DA on a daily basis, prior to and during pregnancy. Females were bred to non-exposed males and infants were evaluated at birth. Results from this study provided no evidence of changes in DA plasma concentrations with chronic exposure. DA exposure was not associated with reproductive toxicity or adverse changes in the physical characteristics of newborns. However, in an unanticipated finding, our clinical observations battery revealed the presence of subtle neurological effects in the form of intentional tremors in the exposed adult females. While females in both dose groups displayed increased tremoring, the effect was dose-dependent and observed at a higher frequency in females exposed to 0.15 mg/kg/day. These results demonstrate that chronic, low-level exposure to DA is associated with injury to the adult CNS and suggest that current regulatory guidelines designed to protect human health may not be adequate for high-frequency shellfish consumers. Highlights 1) Domoic acid acts as a tremoragen after chronic, low-dose oral exposure in adults. 2) Exposure across pregnancy does not result in maternal reproductive toxicity. 3) In-utero exposure does not adversely impact physical characteristics of exposed newborns. 4) Current regulatory guidelines may not adequately protect high-frequency shellfish consumers from DA-induced neurological injury.
A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments (2019)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an effective analysis method of personalized ventilation (PV) in indoor built environments. As an increasingly important supplement to experimental and theoretical methods, the quality of CFD simulations must be maintained through an adequately controlled numerical modeling process. CFD numerical data can explain PV performance in terms of inhaled air quality, occupants’ thermal comfort, and building energy savings. Therefore, this paper presents state-of-the-art CFD analyses of PV systems in indoor built environments. The results emphasize the importance of accurate thermal boundary conditions for computational thermal manikins (CTMs) to properly analyze the heat exchange between human body and the microenvironment, including both convective and radiative heat exchange. CFD modeling performance is examined in terms of effectiveness of computational grids, convergence criteria, and validation methods. Additionally, indices of PV performance are suggested as system-performance evaluation criteria. A specific utilization of realistic PV air supply diffuser configurations remains a challenging task for further study. Overall, the adaptable airflow characteristics of a PV air supply provide an opportunity to achieve better thermal comfort with lower energy use based on CFD numerical analyses.
Design and testing of a nonreactive, fingertip, tactile display for interaction with remote environments (1991)

During interaction with remote environments, the operator may benefit from the addition of force feedback to the ubiquitous visual feedback. However, the apparatus required for reactive force feedback (feedback which imposes the remote environment's motion-constraints on the user by applying joint torques) is cumbersome and expensive, especially when implemented in conjunction with high degree-offreedom precision joint motion sensing. Non-reactive, tactile feedback can provide similar information, and can be implemented at much lower cost. The purposes of this research were (1)todesign and demonstrate an inexpensive tactile feedback system, and (2) to determine the extent to which such a system could aid in the performance of a simple teleoperation task. After some experimentation with some different display technologies, and preliminary design, a vibrotactile display was chosen because of its low weight, size, and low cost. The final design consisted of two voice-coils, one each for the thumb and the index finger, which were driven by a 250 Hz variableamplitude signal produced by an analog electronics unit which was controlled by a PC. Experimental results are provided to show that the addition of the tactile display provides a small but significant improvement in manual tracking performance over the use of the visual display alone, and that the tracking task may be performed with only the tactile display. In further experiments the tactile display is compared with reactive force-feedback and is shown to confer most of the reactive display's performance improvement over tracking with only a visual display.
Sustainable and Convenient Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries by a One-Pot Extraction Process (2021)

Spent Li-ion battery (LIB) recovery has become the hot research area due to its surge in quantity and release of heavy metals and toxic substances harmful to the environment. Green and efficient recovery methods are of great significance for the recovery of valuable metals. Herein, an oxalic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) with the weak acidic character and reducibility of oxalic acid was designed for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs via a sustainable and convenient process. Nearly 96.1% of Li and 96.3% of Co can be extracted from lithium cobalt oxide at 120 °C. The DES can extract valuable metals from cathode materials and separate metal ions by itself after extraction without destroying its own structure in a one-pot extraction process. The composition and the structure of DES have been maximum retained and could be intact recycled for another recovery process. After five cycles, the Li and Co extraction efficiencies were maintained above 92.9 and 74.5%, respectively. This work provides a sustainable one-pot recovery process with inexpensive and simple operations for valuable metal recovery from spent LIBs.
SPINOL-Derived Phosphoric Acids: Synthesis and Application in Enantioselective Friedel−Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Imines (2010)

A new class of chiral phosphoric acids with spirobiindane as scaffold were conveniently synthesized from (S)-1,1'-spirobiindane-7,7'-diol ((S)-SPINOL) and employed to catalyze the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with imines to afford 3-indolyl methanamines. High yields (68-97%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) were obtained.
Effect of Clomiphene on the Functional Morphology of Oviductal and Uterine Mucosaa (1985)

The effect of clomiphene on the functional morphology of the uterine and oviductal mucosa was studied in rabbits by means of light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Tissues were obtained from mature nulliparous animals receiving subcutaneous doses ranging from 0.01-10 mg/kg per day. In all cases the effects were evaluated 2 days after termination of treatment. With 2 and 10 mg, effects were studied up to 12 and 7 days, respectively. Normally appearing oviductal and endometrial tissues, corresponding to various stages of the cycle, were observed with doses up to 5 mg. However, a burst of cellular secretory activity becomes evident with the administration of higher doses. Apical protrusions or cytoplasmic portions seem to be extruded, and draw attention. These cytologic events are concentrated near gland openings in the endometrium and can be seen abundantly among cilia of oviductal cells. Other ultrastructural changes are evident as well. These histologic changes may reflect nonsynchronous cellular activities which in turn interfere with oviductal and endometrial functions before implantation.