gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated switchable cascode RF power amplifier in GaN technology (2013)

In this paper an integrated switchable cascode RF power amplifier (PA) will be presented. Modern communication standards use coding schemes with high peak to average power ratios (PAPR) therefore PA efficiency in back off is key to efficient transmitters. The proposed switchable cascode PA, which is based on a modified cascode structure, is capable of providing such an efficiency peak in back off. The operational principle is explained and a possible circuit implementation in GaN technology at 2.65 GHz is presented. At a maximum power of 2.74 W the circuit has a power added efficiency (PAE) of 65.4 % and at 0.57 W (6.7 dB backoff) a PAE of 60.2 %. In addition the combination with other efficiency enhancement methods such as baseband PWM or direct filter connection are covered.
Combined temporal and spectral measurement of infrared supercontinuum performed by up-conversion in a non-linear crystal (2013)

Up-converting infrared supercontinuum allows a direct measurement of its temporal and spectral properties. The resulting spectrogram reveals that higher order spatial modes play an important role in supercontinuum generation in step index fibres.
Long-Lived 1H Singlet Spin States Originating from Para-Hydrogen in Cs-Symmetric Molecules Stored for Minutes in High Magnetic Fields (2012)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a very powerful tool in physics, chemistry, and life sciences, although limited by low sensitivity. This problem can be overcome by hyperpolarization techniques dramatically enhancing the NMR signal. However, this approach is restricted to relatively short time scales depending on the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T(1) in the range of seconds. This makes long-lived singlet states very useful as a way to extend the hyperpolarization lifetimes. Para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is particularly suitable, because para-H(2) possesses singlet symmetry. Most PHIP experiments, however, are performed on asymmetric molecules, and the initial singlet state is directly converted to a NMR observable triplet state decaying with T(1), in the order of seconds. We demonstrate that in symmetric molecules, a long-lived singlet state created by PHIP can be stored for several minutes on protons in high magnetic fields. Subsequently, it is converted into observable high nonthermal magnetization by controlled singlet-triplet conversion via level anticrossing.
Toward Accurate Sensing with Knitted Fabric: Applications and Technical Considerations (2020)

Fabric sensors have been introduced to enable flexible touch-based interaction. We advance the technical capabilities of a scalable and low-profile knitted capacitive touch sensing system by introducing methods to improve its touch localization accuracy. The sensor hardware design tends toward minimalism by using a single conductive yarn and two external connections located at each endpoint. Fewer connectors simplify the textile system integration, but this comes at the expense of reduced signal information output from the system. The electrical continuity of the sensing element, essential to the process of knitting, also increases the uncertainty of localizing touch. We propose using Bode analysis to measure changes in signal due to capacitive touch, as well as design a new algorithm, MSD, which retains the most significant aspects of the signal in terms of touch location identification. We do not classify location of touch, but focus on an invariant signal representation. To evaluate our methods, we introduce ELD, a distance metric to compute the similarity of pairs of key-presses, generalizable to computing distances of tensors of varying lengths. Our experiments show that the proposed sensing method results in high-fidelity signals. Furthermore, the sparse representation of key-presses produced by MSD significantly increases separability between different touch locations. Possible applications based on these sensors are also illustrated through prototypes and use case descriptions.
Public Sector Audit of Programmes and Management in Australia (1987)

Pressures and demands for accountability and efficiency in the public sector in Australia have given rise to changes and reforms in government administration at both federal and state levels. Developments and experimentation with “techniques” such as programme budgeting, new forms of financial management, annual reporting, efficiency and comprehensive audits, have added their impact. A concept of “new audits” has emerged. The approaches and practices of Commonwealth — at the federal level — and New South Wales — at the state level — are compared. The way in which “new audit” differs from traditional audit is illustrated and then assessed within a framework of accountability.
Prototype system for microwave breast imaging: Experimental results from tissue phantoms (2018)

This paper presents an UWB microwave breast imaging prototype system that operates in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 9 GHz. In contrast to other microwave breast imaging systems we propose a two-dimensional scanning of the compressed breast based on UWB bowtie antennas. This approach enables a direct comparison with measurements obtained from X-ray mammography. In this work, we will describe the setup of the breast imaging system including its main components and basic signal processing steps. Qualitative imaging results are presented for a tissue mimicking phantom containing four inclusions with a small dielectric contrast. Finally, spectroscopic measurements up to 20 GHz are presented at the end of this study to characterize the material properties of the inclusions and the surrounding material.
Combinatorial Auction-Based Dynamic VM Provisioning and Allocation in Clouds (2011)

Efficient Virtual Machine (VM) provisioning and allocation allows the cloud providers to effectively utilize their available resources and obtain higher profits. Existing combinatorial auction-based mechanisms assume that the VM instances are already provisioned, that is they assume static VM provisioning. A better solution would be to take into account the users' demand when provisioning VM instances. We design an auction-based mechanism for dynamic VM provisioning and allocation that takes into account the user demand for VMs when making VM provisioning decisions. We perform extensive simulation experiments using real workload traces and show that the proposed mechanism can improve the utilization, increase the efficiency of allocation, and yield higher revenue for the cloud provider.
Micromechanics in indium phosphide for opto electrical applications (2002)

Indium phosphide based micro opto electro mechanics (MOEMs) hold promises of micromechanical applications in the longer wavelength region, and in particular for applications in telecommunication networks. Recent work on indium phosphide micromechanics is presented: the mechanics, the micromachining and fabrication, and possible future devices and applications.
Field and Experimental Evidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as the Causative Agent of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease of Cultured Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Northwestern Mexico (2014)

Moribund shrimp affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) from farms in northwestern Mexico were sampled for bacteriological and histological analysis. Bacterial isolates were molecularly identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the presence of the tlh gene. The tdh-negative, trh-negative, and tlh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were further characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic element-PCR (rep-PCR), and primers AP1, AP2, AP3, and AP and an ems2 IQ2000 detection kit (GeneReach, Taiwan) were used in the diagnostic tests for AHPND. The V. parahaemolyticus strains were used in immersion challenges with shrimp, and farmed and challenged shrimp presented the same clinical and pathological symptoms: lethargy, empty gut, pale and aqueous hepatopancreas, and expanded chromatophores. Using histological analysis and bacterial density count, three stages of AHNPD (initial, acute, and terminal) were identified in the affected shrimp. The pathognomonic lesions indicating severe desquamation of tubular epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas were observed in both challenged and pond-infected shrimp. The results showed that different V. parahaemolyticus strains have different virulences; some of the less virulent strains do not induce 100% mortality, and mortality rates also rise more slowly than they do for the more virulent strains. The virulence of V. parahaemolyticus strains was dose dependent, where the threshold infective density was 10(4) CFU ml(-1); below that density, no mortality was observed. The AP3 primer set had the best sensitivity and specificity. Field and experimental results showed that the V. parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND acts as a primary pathogen for shrimp in Mexico compared with the V. parahaemolyticus strains reported to date.
Myths and reality of HPbI3 in halide perovskite solar cells (2018)

All-inorganic perovskites have a special place in halide perovskite family because of their potential for better stability. However, the representative cesium lead iodide (CsPbI<sub>3</sub>) is metastable and spontaneously converts to the non-perovskite structure at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate that what appears to be all-inorganic CsPbI<sub>3</sub> stabilized in its perovskite form using the purported intermediate known as hydrogen lead iodide (HPbI<sub>3</sub>) is, in fact, the hybrid perovskite cesium dimethylammonium lead iodide (Cs<sub>1-x</sub>DMA<sub>x</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>, x = 0.2 to 0.5). Thus, many of the reported all-inorganic perovskites are actually still hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, as strongly evidenced by a wide battery of experimental techniques presented here. Solar cells based on the representative composition Cs<sub>0.7</sub>DMA<sub>0.3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> can achieve an average power conversion efficiency of 9.27 ± 1.28% (max 12.62%). These results provide an alternative angle to look at previous results pertaining all-inorganic CsPbI<sub>3</sub> while the DMA cation is now revealed as an alternative A site cation.
Co-overexpression of Met and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Promotes Systemic Metastasis in NCI-H460 Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells (2009)

Complete resection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is potentially curative, yet approximately 50% of patients are at risk for developing metastatic recurrence. Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with demonstrated roles in regulating cellular proliferation, motility, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Met receptor and its ligand, HGF, are commonly overexpressed in NSCLC, and their overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis, which could potentially involve a paracrine and/or autocrine activation loop. However, there is as yet no direct evidence that HGF-Met signaling directly promotes metastasis in NSCLC cells. Using retroviral transduction, we overexpressed the human c-met and hgf complementary DNA, alone or in combination in the NCI-H460 human large cell carcinoma cell line. The HGF/Met co-overexpressing (H460-HGF/Met) cells demonstrated enhanced tumorigenicity in xenograft SCID mice. When these cells are implanted orthotopically into the lungs of nude rats, only the H460-HGF/Met cells showed higher spontaneous metastases to distant organs including bone, brain, and kidney. These results provide evidence that autocrine overactivation of the Met- HGF loop enhances systemic metastases in NSCLC. Targeted interference of this loop may potentially be an effective adjuvant therapy to improve survival of early-stage NSCLC patients.
Longitudinal assessment of comorbidities and co‐occurring conditions in adolescents with migraine: A secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (2023)

Consistent with the existing headache literature, results showed that adolescent migraine was associated with other medical and psychological conditions and visual plots suggested that there may be developmental patterns in the occurrence of migraine with other related conditions.
Capacitance Spectroscopy Study of High Energy Electron Irradiated and Annealed 4H-SiC (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B Induces Myocardium-Specific Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1– and Neuropilin Receptor-1–Dependent Mechanisms (2009)

VEGF-B186 displayed strikingly distinct effects compared with other VEGFs. These effects may be mediated at least in part via a G-protein signaling pathway. Tissue-specificity, high efficiency in ischemic myocardium, and induction of arteriogenesis and antiapoptotic and metabolic effects make AdVEGF-B186 a promising candidate for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE SYNTH. VON 2′,6′‐DIHYDROXY‐4′‐METHOXY‐ UND 2′,4′‐DIHYDROXY‐6′‐METHOXY‐CHALKONEN (1970)

Abstract Die Belichtung (Ä = 253,7 nm) des Carbonsäureesters (I) führt in Methanol zu den Chalkonen (IIa) und (IIb).
An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part II: limit of detection and follow-up of patients with small M-proteins (2020)

Background Electrophoretic methods to detect, characterize and quantify M-proteins play an important role in the management of patients with monoclonal gammopathies (MGs). Significant uncertainty in the quantification and limit of detection (LOD) is documented when M-proteins are <10 g/L. Using spiked sera, we aimed to assess the variability in intact M-protein quantification and LOD across 16 laboratories. Methods Sera with normal, hypo- or hyper-gammaglobulinemia were spiked with daratumumab or elotuzumab, with concentrations from 0.125 to 10 g/L (n = 62) along with a beta-migrating sample (n = 9). Laboratories blindly analyzed samples according to their serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)/isotyping standard operating procedures. LOD and intra-laboratory percent coefficient of variation (%CV) were calculated and further specified with regard to the method (gel/capillary electrophoresis [CZE]), gating strategy (perpendicular drop [PD]/tangent skimming [TS]), isotyping (immunofixation/immunosubtraction [ISUB]) and manufacturer (Helena/Sebia). Results All M-proteins ≥1 g/L were detected by SPEP. With isotyping the LOD was moderately more sensitive than with SPEP. The intensity of polyclonal background had the biggest negative impact on LOD. Independent of the method used, the intra-laboratory imprecision of M-protein quantification was small (mean CV = 5.0%). Low M-protein concentration and high polyclonal background had the strongest negative impact on intra-laboratory precision. All laboratories were able to follow trend of M-protein concentrations down to 1 g/L. Conclusions In this study, we describe a large variation in the reported LOD for both SPEP and isotyping; overall LOD is most affected by the polyclonal immunoglobulin background. Satisfactory intra-laboratory precision was demonstrated. This indicates that the quantification of small M-proteins to monitor patients over time is appropriate, when subsequent testing is performed within the same laboratory.
Unicast UDP Usage Guidelines for Application Designers (2008)

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides a minimal message-passing transport that has no inherent congestion control mechanisms.Because congestion control is critical to the stable operation of the Internet, applications and upper-layer protocols that choose to use UDP as an Internet transport must employ mechanisms to prevent congestion collapse and to establish some degree of fairness with concurrent traffic.This document provides guidelines on the use of UDP for the designers of unicast applications and upper-layer protocols.Congestion control guidelines are a primary focus, but the document also provides guidance on other topics, including message sizes, reliability, checksums, and middlebox traversal.
Where mother and child are both children (1993)

Where mother and child are both children MICHAEL FREEMAN Legislation in many countries directs courts to regards a child's welfare as paramount so that the furtherance of a child's best interests should be the decisive consideration. But what happens when the parent is also a child? Are her interests also paramount? And, if so, suppose what is best for her is not also best for her child? This problem must have arisen many times but it is rare for a court to have to pronounce on the conflict. For this reason, the recent English case of Re H (The Independent,
New Developments in 2001 Chinese Criminal Procedure Law (2001)

On March 17,1996, the 8th National People's Congress passed a new criminal procedure law during its 4th conference, based on an earlier code promulgated on January 1, 1980. In general, the new Criminal Procedure Code introduced significant developments in connection with the following aspects of the law: presumption of innocence, coercive measures, abolition of exemption from prosecution, criminal defenses, and the reformation of judicial proceedings.
Delta‐Tocotrienol Dose‐Dependently Decreased Adiposity and Inflammation and Increased Markers of Lipid Oxidation in High Fat Fed Mice (2016)

Obesity is a disease that affects one in three American adults. Inflammation has been established as a major underlying basis for obesity and related chronic disorders. Several plant bioactive compounds with anti‐inflammatory properties have been used to reduce obesity and associated metabolic complications. Hence we are investigating the effect of delta‐tocotrienol (δT3), a member of the vitamin E family as an anti‐obesity agent. We hypothesize that δT3 will reduce obesity and insulin resistance through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties. To test our hypothesis, we used C57BL/6J male mice that were fed a high fat diet (HF) with and without supplementation of increasing levels of delta‐tocotrienol (HF+δT3) up to 1,600mg/kg for 14 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were administered two weeks prior to the end of treatments. Serum and tissues including adipose tissue were collected at the end of the study. Our results show significant improvements in glucose clearance in the δT3‐supplemented groups compared to the HF group. Fat pad weights were reduced dose‐dependently by δT3. These changes were also associated with smaller fat cell size and reduced crown like structures macrophages in adipose tissue histology sections from HF+δT3 compared to HF‐ fed mice. We also performed mechanistic analyses that revealed reduction of mRNA and protein expression of pro‐inflammatory adipokines (e.g. resistin, leptin, and MCP‐1) and increased expression of anti‐inflammatory adipokines (e.g. adiponectin and IL‐10 in HF+δT3 compared to HF‐fed mice. Moreover, δT3 dose‐dependently increase fatty acid oxidizing gene. In summary, dietary delta‐tocotrienol exerted promising anti‐obesity and anti‐inflammatory effects that may be mediated in part by adipose tissue. Support or Funding Information Supported by a research grant from American River Nutrition, Inc.
Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on inflammatory and immune function in postoperative patients with gastrointestinal malignancy (2018)

This meta-kanalysis confirmed that early intervention with Omega -3 fatty acid emulsion in gastrointestinal cancer can not only improve the postoperative indicators of immune function, reduce inflammatory reaction, and improve the postoperative curative effect but also improve the immune suppression induced by conventional PN or tumor. Therefore, postoperative patients with gastrointestinal cancer should add omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids in their PN formula. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to verify its efficacy.
Challenges of Immunogenicity Assays For Vaccines (2012)

Clinical development of vaccines requires a specific set of specialized assays to demonstrate the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Ideally, these assays should measure immune responses that correlate with protection against disease. Antibody responses usually correlates to protection for existing vaccines, but for vaccines currently in development it is not always clear which immune responses confer protection. Developing assays for new-generation vaccines usually requires working with cells, pathogens, antigens or assay controls that are not readily available, or are hazardous materials. Validation of these assays involves many challenges, and validation requirements are not yet fully specified in regulatory guidelines or White Papers. The different requirements for clinical vaccine assays and the related challenges in developing and validating these assays are described in this article. We provide our opinion on how to approach these challenges and how to apply the existing guidelines.
Targeting breast cancer stem cells (2010)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that tumors are maintained by a self-renewing CSC population that is also capable of differentiating into non-self-renewing cell populations that constitute the bulk of the tumor. Although, the CSC hypothesis does not directly address the cell of origin of cancer, it is postulated that tissue-resident stem or progenitor cells are the most common targets of transformation. Clinically, CSCs are predicted to mediate tumor recurrence after chemo- and radiation-therapy due to the relative inability of these modalities to effectively target CSCs. If this is the case, then CSC must be efficiently targeted to achieve a true cure. Similarities between normal and malignant stem cells, at the levels of cell-surface proteins, molecular pathways, cell cycle quiescence, and microRNA signaling present challenges in developing CSC-specific therapeutics. Approaches to targeting CSCs include the development of agents targeting known stem cell regulatory pathways as well as unbiased high-throughput siRNA or small molecule screening. Based on studies of pathways present in normal stem cells, recent work has identified potential "Achilles heals" of CSC, whereas unbiased screening provides opportunities to identify new pathways utilized by CSC as well as develop potential therapeutic agents. Here, we review both approaches and their potential to effectively target breast CSC.