gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Horizontal/Slanted Well Production by Mathematical Modeling (1989)

ABSTRACT A horizontal and slanted well model was developed and incorporated into BOAST, a black oil simulator, to predict potential production rates for such wells. The slanted/horizontal well model can be used to calculate the productivity index, based on the length and location of the wellbore within the block, for each reservoir grid block penetrated by the slanted/horizontal wellbore. The well model can be run under either pressure or rate constraints in which wellbore pressures can be calculated as an option of infinite-conductivity. The model is easy to use and can simulate the performance of multiple horizontal/slanted wells in any geometric combination within reservoirs. The model was checked against the analytical formulas of transient wellbore pressure in an infinite slab reservoir. A close match having an average deviation of only ±4% was found between the analytical formula and the fully penetrating slanted well model after a production period of early radial flow. A good agreement was also obtained between the simulation results of the horizontal well model and published analytical curves. This is the first reported mathematical model that has been validated for slanted well simulation. Production rates from vertical wells, horizontal wells, and slanted wells of variable well lengths in a field of 40-acre well spacing were compared. During the pressure-depletion phase, about the same improvements in production rates over those of vertical wells were observed for horizontal and slanted wells which extended the same length from the plan view. Horizontal/slanted wells showed more advantage over vertical wells at lower formation permeability (≤ 1 md) than at higher permeability (≥ 100 md). The effects of eccentricity on horizontal well performance were examined. The effects of vertical permeability on the production rates of horizontal and slanted wells were also studied. As expected, the vertical discontinuity of reservoirs showed insignificant effects on the production from slanted wells. Field simulations of a horizontal well and of multiple slanted/horizontal wells demonstrated the application of the developed well model.
Semantic translation error rate for evaluating translation systems (2007)

In this paper, we introduce a new metric which we call the semantic translation error rate, or STER, for evaluating the performance of machine translation systems. STER is based on the previously published translation error rate (TER) (Snover et al., 2006) and METEOR (Banerjee and Lavie, 2005) metrics. Specifically, STER extends TER in two ways: first, by incorporating word equivalence measures (WordNet and Porter stemming) standardly used by METEOR, and second, by disallowing alignments of concept words to non-concept words (aka stop words). We show how these features make STER alignments better suited for human-driven analysis than standard TER. We also present experimental results that show that STER is better correlated to human judgments than TER. Finally, we compare STER to METEOR, and illustrate that METEOR scores computed using the STER alignments have similar statistical properties to METEOR scores computed using METEOR alignments.
Subnanometer‐Resolved Patterning of Bicomponent Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) (2008)

Controlled confinement: A supramolecular approach for the design of multicomponent self-assembled monolayers on Au(111) is employed to obtain subnanometer-resolved patterns on the solid substrate (see picture). The formation of crystalline bicomponent domains is discussed in view of their potential applications in the development of new electronic devices. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704731_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interactive animation of cloth‐like objects in virtual reality (2001)

Abstract Modeling and animation of cloth have experienced important developments in recent years. As a consequence, complex textile models can be used to realistically drape objects or human characters in a fairly efficient way. However, real‐time realistic simulation remains a major challenge, even if applications are numerous, from rapid prototyping to e‐commerce. In this paper, we present a stable, real‐time algorithm for animating cloth‐like materials. Using a hybrid explicit/implicit algorithm, we perform fast and stable time integration of a physically based model with rapid collision detection and response, as well as wind or liquid drag effects to enhance realism. We demonstrate our approach through a series of examples in virtual reality environments, proving that real‐time animation of cloth, even on low‐end computers, is now achievable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Modified Key-Sentence Extraction by RICOH at NTCIR-2 TSC. (2001)

We participated at NTCIR-2 in the TSC subtask A1 and A-2 using the output of QJR/KSE, a function of key-sentence extraction. Through examining the evaluation results and the human-extracted sentence data of the dryrun subtask A-1, we tried to make an experimental hybrid system incorporating the lead method into the original. In the formal run, the evaluation results of the hybrid system in the subtask A-1 and A-2 were in the top class among the twelve systems, much better than the results obtained in the dryrun. Especially in the F-measures of the 30% summarization rate, our submitted two systems got the top and second rankings. As a result of our participating in TSC, we have examined some internal scores to study the effectiveness of their results and had a chance to make some improvements and tuned up the hybrid system to increase its performance.
Fretting Fatigue Analysis of Strength Improvement Models with Grooving or Knurling on a Contact Surface (1992)

Previously the authors introduced a fretting fatigue evaluation method using stress analysis and fracture mechanics analysis of the contacting structures. Using this method the fretting fatigue limit can be estimated by comparing the calculated stress intensity factor of the crack which originates at the contact edge with the material's threshold stress intensity factor range. In this paper the authors apply this fretting fatigue strength evaluation method to fretting fatigue strength improvement models with grooving or knurling on a contact surface. These estimated results are compared with the experimental results of a fretting fatigue test using grooving or knurling pad type specimens. The strength improvement of these two models can be confirmed analytically and experimentally. Finally, the optimization of groove shapes such as the radius and depth of a groove are discussed using the above evaluation method.
Evidence of Presynaptic Location and Function of the Prion Protein (1999)

The prion protein (PrP(C)) is a copper-binding protein of unknown function that plays an important role in the etiology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Using morphological techniques and synaptosomal fractionation methods, we show that PrP(C) is predominantly localized to synaptic membranes. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to identify PrP(C)-related changes in the synaptosomal copper concentration in transgenic mouse lines. The synaptic transmission in the presence of H(2)O(2), which is known to be decomposed to highly reactive hydroxyl radicals in the presence of iron or copper and to alter synaptic activity, was studied in these animals. The response of synaptic activity to H(2)O(2) was found to correlate with the amount of PrP(C) expression in the presynaptic neuron in cerebellar slice preparations from wild-type, Prnp(0/0), and PrP gene-reconstituted transgenic mice. Thus, our data gives strong evidence for the predominantly synaptic location of PrP(C), its involvement in the regulation of the presynaptic copper concentration, and synaptic activity in defined conditions.
Biomaterial surface‐dependent neutrophil mobility (2004)

Compromised neutrophil function in the presence of an implanted biomaterial may represent an important mechanism that allows for the development of implant-associated infections. Here, human neutrophil mobility has been investigated on a polyurethane (ChronoFlex AR), a hydrophobic surface consisting of an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer, and a glass reference material. Neutrophil mobility was quantified, based on cell movement speed and persistence time obtained from time-lapse optical microscopy, while neutrophil cytoskeletal structures and morphology were visualized using confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Our results show that material surface properties affect neutrophil-surface interactions, as reflected by morphological changes, and the mobility of neutrophils stimulated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In the absence of adsorbed plasma proteins, the mobility of stimulated neutrophils increased with increasing material hydrophobicity from glass, to polyurethane, to OTS. The opposite trend was observed in the presence of adsorbed plasma proteins, such that neutrophil mobility increased with decreasing material hydrophobicity. Analysis of the results showed that the mobility of fMLP-stimulated neutrophils cells was inversely related to the extent of cell spreading on the materials.
Transient effects in electrolytic cells submitted to an external electric field (2006)

We analyse transient effects in an electrolytic cell submitted to an external voltage and determine the relaxation time of the redistribution of the ions and of the potential. We consider the case in which adsorption effects at the interface with the electrodes are present and show that the typical relaxation time, for applied voltage V 025 mV, is of the order of tens of seconds for commercial nematic liquid crystals. When V 0>25 mV the linearized analysis is no longer valid. In this case, the relaxation time depends on the applied voltage. Increasing V 0, but still remaining in the low amplitude limit, the relaxation time starts increasing. This indicates that the reduction of the actual field in the sample, for moderate values of V 0, plays an important role. For large values of V 0, the relaxation time is a decreasing function of V 0. This result is interpreted in terms of a simple model, according to which the ionic charge is localized in a surface layer whose thickness depends on the amplitude of the applied voltage.
Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology (1993)

The business environment of the 1990s demands significant changes in the way we do business. Simply formulating strategy is no longer sufficient; we must also design the processes to implement it effectively. The key to change is process innovation, a revolutionary new approach that fuses information technology and human resource management to improve business performance. The cornerstone to process innovation's dramatic results is information technology--a largely untapped resource, but a crucial enabler of process innovation. In turn, only a challenge like process innovation affords maximum use of information technology's potential. Davenport provides numerous examples of firms that have succeeded or failed in combining business change and technology initiatives. He also highlights the roles of new organizational structures and human resource programs in developing process innovation. Process innovation is quickly becoming the byword for industries ready to pull their companies out of modest growth patterns and compete effectively in the world marketplace.
Onshore wind farm - Reliability centered cable routing (2021)

Designing an onshore wind farm is a complex planning process that requires various stages to be completed. The prime focus of this work is to assist planners and experts in finding the optimal cable layout of the onshore wind farm. The optimization algorithm is designed using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The MILP algorithm takes into account system reliability, power transfer capacities and power quality issue. The novelty in this optimization algorithm is to simultaneously minimize cable installation cost and the cost of lost energy production and therefore maximize the reliability of the system. Additionally, the algorithm supports the optimal selection among different cable options, with different features, prices and capacities. By calculating voltage increase at the point of connection (POC), power quality issue is considered as well. The designed algorithm provides optimal results for four different wind farm layouts. Every layout is tested for three different case scenarios, where different number and type of cables are considered. The results show that more cable options contribute in lowering the total costs. Moreover, cables with higher capacity can help in improving the power quality issue.
Measurement of B‐domain‐deleted ReFacto AF activity with a product‐specific standard is affected by choice of reagent and patient‐specific factors (2017)

The RAFLS is a suitable calibrator for one-stage FVIII assays carried out with F8DP containing VWF. However, calibration with the RAFLS does not avoid the effect of patient-specific variables that contribute to discrepancies between the measurements of ReFacto AF levels with one-stage and chromogenic FVIII assays.
P1‐417: Cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women (2011)

Menopause is an event that is associated with a several side-effects ranging from mildly uncomfortable to predisposing women to disease. In fact, menopause-related cognitive and mood disturbances are some of the chief complains of menopausal women and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. As such, menopause-related health issues will become a serious public health concern that needs to be addressed in order to provide a better quality of life. Ten postmenopausal women age 54-56 were examined to assess preliminary baseline possible cognitive dysfunction. CNS-Vital Signs, computerized test battery was used. The assessment was based on: Verbal Memory, Finger Tapping, Symbol Digit Modalities, Stroop's, Shifting Attention and Continuous Performance tests . Majority of women scored below 50 percentile on all the domains. Complex Attention and Cognitive flexibility were scored below 25 percentile so evidently lower than average for age and gender. In Shifting Attention Test the number of correct answers correlated negatively with the time from the beginning of menopause and age of the patients (correlation coefficient = cc: -0.8 and -0.77 with p < 0.06; 0.07) so the older or longer after the beginning of menopause process the less correct cognitively patients are. There was noticeable low level in performance on Verbal Memory test. In the rest of the group percentile of Verbal Memory performance correlated negatively with age and length of menopause (cc: -0.77 and -0.075; p < 0.12 and 0.14). The older and longer from the beginning of menopause patients were the lower percentile of scores they achieved which means worse verbal memory. Besides we did notice significant positive correlation between reaction time and length of menopause and age (correlation coefficient 0.864; 0.846 respectively; p < 0.05). The longer menopause last and older the patients, they are cognitively slower. Our preliminary study where CNS instrument was used laid foundation for some ideas and hypotheses about the profile of cognitive disorders in postmenopausal women pointing to cognitive flexibility and complex attention. Verbal Memory disorders although noticed as well were fluctuating in the cognitive profile of the women examined. This phenomenon needs however a further investigation which is one of our goals in this study.
Preliminary investigation into the use of ultrasound elastography during brain tumour resection (2012)

Introduction Differentiation of brain tumours from normal brain, during surgical resection is, in part, based on their differing mechanical properties. Brain tumours have variable stiffness characteristics. Surgical evaluations on stiffness are, at best, subjective. Ultrasound elastography is a non-invasive method for imaging mechanical properties of tissues such as stiffness at depth. It is hypothesized that this technique may assist in differentiating tumour from the brain in an intraoperative setting. Methods This study evaluated the feasibility of the intraoperative use of ultrasound elastography during brain tumour resection. A total of 24 patients were recruited for the study. Surgical findings on tumour stiffness were compared with the elastogram findings. Furthermore, visibility of the brain-tumour interface on ultrasound echography compared with ultrasound elastography was analysed. Results Ultrasound elastography was found to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 75% at detecting that tumour had a different stiffness to the brain when compared with surgical findings. The technique was also found to have a 100% sensitivity and specificity at the detection of intratumoral stiffness heterogeneity compared with surgical findings. The presence of fluid-filled cysts limited the quality of the elastograms. Ultrasound elastography did not detect the brain-tumour interface as accurately as conventional echography. Conclusion These findings suggest that ultrasound elastography in combination with conventional B-mode ultrasound may be a useful adjunct to differentiate tumour from the brain.
Species difference in the in vitro metabolic reduction of acetohexamide. (1988)

Species difference in the in vitro metabolic reduction of acetohexamide, an oral antidiabeticdrug, was investigated using the rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, rat and mouse. The rabbit exhibitedthe highest acetohexamide reductase activity in cytosol of the liver and kidney among the speciestested. The sensitivities to specific inhibitors of cytosolic acetohexamide reductase in the liver andkidney of the rabbit were different from those of the rat. Furthermore, species difference inacetohexamide reductase activity was found in the microsomes of the liver and kidney; only the rat and guinea pig showed significant activity.
A CMOS image sensor with charge domain interlace scan (2010)

This paper presents the first CMOS image sensor which implements a charge domain interlacing principle to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under the same exposure condition (integration time and light intensity). A novel pixel is designed to fit the charge domain interlacing principle, which works in field integration and frame integration mode. This CMOS image sensor also contains a programmable universal image sensor peripheral circuit, thus this sensor can also be used in progressive scan. Comparing the performances of the sensor working in charge domain interlacing and in the progressive scan, the chip measurement results prove that under the same exposure condition, the light response of the charge domain interlacing is the twice that of the progressive scan. The SNR performance can be increased by 6 dB in low light level.
Identification of a novel antimicrobial peptide from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum by in silico and functional analyses (2015)

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes leads to urgent demands for novel antibiotics exploration. We demonstrated a cDNA from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, designated Bjamp1, encoded a protein with features typical of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which is not homologous to any AMPs currently discovered. It was found that Bjamp1 was expressed in distinct tissues, and its expression was remarkably up-regulated following challenge with LPS and LTA. Moreover, the synthesized putative mature AMP, mBjAMP1, underwent a coil-to-helix transition in the presence of TFE or SDS, agreeing well with the expectation that BjAMP1 was a potential AMP. Functional assays showed that mBjAMP1 inhibited the growth of all the bacteria tested, and induced membrane/cytoplasmic damage. ELISA indicated that mBjAMP1 was a pattern recognition molecule capable of identifying LPS and LTA. Importantly, mBjAMP1 disrupted the bacterial membranes by a membranolytic mechanism. Additionally, mBjAMP1 was non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Collectively, these data indicate that mBjAMP1 is a new AMP with a high bacterial membrane selectivity, rendering it a promising template for the design of novel peptide antibiotics against MDR microbes. It also shows for the first time that use of signal conserved sequence of AMPs is effective identifying potential AMPs across different animal classes.
90° Optical Hybrid Front-End Circuit Fabricated by 3D Direct Laser Inscription (2017)

We show the fabrication of a 90° optical hybrid front-end circuit by direct laser inscription. Excess loss of 1.4 dB with maximum phase error of 3.6 degrees were achieved using MMI-based devices and a novel 3-dimensional layout.
Nucleus-specific expression in the multinuclear mushroom-forming fungus Agaricus bisporus reveals different nuclear regulatory programs (2018)

Many fungi are polykaryotic, containing multiple nuclei per cell. In the case of heterokaryons, there are different nuclear types within a single cell. It is unknown what the different nuclear types contribute in terms of mRNA expression levels in fungal heterokaryons. Each cell of the mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> contains two to 25 nuclei of two nuclear types originating from two parental strains. Using RNA-sequencing data, we assess the differential mRNA contribution of individual nuclear types and its functional impact. We studied differential expression between genes of the two nuclear types, P1 and P2, throughout mushroom development in various tissue types. P1 and P2 produced specific mRNA profiles that changed through mushroom development. Differential regulation occurred at the gene level, rather than at the locus, chromosomal, or nuclear level. P1 dominated mRNA production throughout development, and P2 showed more differentially up-regulated genes in important functional groups. In the vegetative mycelium, P2 up-regulated almost threefold more metabolism genes and carbohydrate active enzymes (cazymes) than P1, suggesting phenotypic differences in growth. We identified widespread transcriptomic variation between the nuclear types of <i>A. bisporus</i> Our method enables studying nucleus-specific expression, which likely influences the phenotype of a fungus in a polykaryotic stage. Our findings have a wider impact to better understand gene regulation in fungi in a heterokaryotic state. This work provides insight into the transcriptomic variation introduced by genomic nuclear separation.
Total Elbow Replacement as an Alternative to Severely Comminuted Fractures around the Elbow (2017)

Background: Intra articular elbow fractures are considered to be one of the most complex injuries in orthopedic trauma. Some are too comminuted for open reduction and internal fixation. Recently total elbow replacement (TER) had gained popularity for the treatment of comminuted elbow trauma when other treatment options are not possible. Methods: Since 2007-2013 we treated 18 patients with TER due to comminuted distal humeral fractures. We used the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scoring system (DASH) to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction. In addition, we evaluated the elbow range of motion and collateral stability. Results and Conclusions: Functional range of motion was achieved with high patient’s satisfaction. Based on the results, we conclude that TER is a reasonable option for complex elbow fractures when open reduction and internal fixation is not suitable.