gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Radiochemical Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]3F4AP: A Novel PET Tracer for Imaging Demyelinating Diseases (2017)

3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-4-aminopyridine, [<sup>18</sup>F]3F4AP, is a radiofluorinated analog of the FDA-approved drug for multiple sclerosis 4-aminopyridine (4AP). This compound is currently under investigation as a PET tracer for demyelination. We recently described a novel chemical reaction to produce metafluorinated pyridines consisting of direct fluorination of a pyridine N-oxide and the utilization of this reaction for the radiochemical synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]3F4AP. In this article, we demonstrate how to produce this tracer using an automated synthesizer and an in-house made flow hydrogenation reactor. We also show the standard quality control procedures performed before releasing the radiotracer for preclinical animal imaging studies. This semi-automated procedure may serve as the basis for future production of [<sup>18</sup>F]3F4AP for clinical studies.
Status Epilepticus Causes Long‐Term NMDA Receptor‐Dependent Behavioral Changes and Cognitive Deficits (1998)

The results indicate that behavioral and cognitive changes occur soon after SE, are permanent, and are dependent on NMDA-receptor activation during SE. NMDA-receptor activation may play an important role in causing cognitive and behavioral morbidity after recovery from SE.
Induction-based gate-level verification of multipliers (2001)

We propose a method based on unrolling the inductive definition of binary number multiplication to verify gate-level implementations of multipliers. The induction steps successively reduce the size of the multiplier under verification. Through induction, the verification of an n-bit multiplier is decomposed into n equivalence checking problems. The resulting equivalence checking problems could be significantly sped up by simple structural analysis. This method could be generalized to the verification of more general arithmetic circuits and the equivalence checking of complex data-path.
Comparing stimulus-evoked and spontaneous response of the face-selective multi-units in the human posterior fusiform gyrus (2021)

The stimulus-evoked neural response is a widely explored phenomenon. Conscious awareness is associated in many cases with the corresponding selective stimulus-evoked response. For example, conscious awareness of a face stimulus is associated with or accompanied by stimulus-evoked activity in the fusiform face area (FFA). In addition to the stimulus-evoked response, spontaneous (i.e. task-unrelated) activity in the brain is also abundant. Notably, spontaneous activity is considered unconscious. For example, spontaneous activity in the FFA is not associated with conscious awareness of a face. The question is: what is the difference at the neural level between stimulus-evoked activity in a case that this activity is associated with conscious awareness of some content (e.g. activity in the FFA in response to fully visible face stimuli) and spontaneous activity in that same region of the brain? To answer this question, in the present study, we had a rare opportunity to record two face-selective multi-units in the vicinity of the FFA in a human patient. We compared multi-unit face-selective task-evoked activity with spontaneous prestimulus and a resting-state activity. We found that when activity was examined over relatively long temporal windows (e.g. 100-200 ms), face-selective stimulus-evoked firing in the recorded multi-units was much higher than the spontaneous activity. In contrast, when activity was examined over relatively short windows, we found many cases of high firing rates within the spontaneous activity that were comparable to stimulus-evoked activity. Our results thus indicate that the sustained activity is what might differentiate between stimulus-evoked activity that is associated with conscious awareness and spontaneous activity.
Adjuvant Use of Ivabradine in Acute Heart Failure due to Myocarditis (2011)

We report two cases of young men in whom acute heart failure due to myocarditis was diagnosed. The patients had been transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) with commencing symptoms of acute heart failure and consecutive multiorgan failure for further treatment and to evaluate the indication for implantation of a ventricular assist device or for high urgent orthotopic heart transplantation. In both patients, the I(f)-channel inhibitor ivabradine was administered off-label to provide selective heart rate reduction, and thus support hemodynamic stabilization. Though currently considered off-label use in patients suffering from severe hypotension and acute heart failure, the use of ivabradine may beneficially influence outcome by allowing optimization of the patient's heart rate concomitant to initial measures of clinical stabilization.
Closed Ecological Systems (1974)

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across landscapes, ...Read More
Low RF noise and power loss for ion-implanted Si having an improved implantation process (2003)

Very-low-transmission line noise of <0.25 dB at 18 GHz and low power loss /spl les/0.6 dB at 110 GHz have been measured on transmission lines fabricated on proton-implanted Si. In contrast, a standard Si substrate gave much higher noise of 2.5 dB and worse power loss of 5 dB. The good RF integrity of proton-implanted Si results from the high isolation impedance to ground, as analyzed by an equivalent circuit model. The proton implantation is also done after forming the transmission lines at a reduced implantation energy of /spl sim/4 MeV. This enables easier process integration into current VLSI technology.
Predictors of Late-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Following Isolated Mitral Valve Repairs in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2016)

LOAF occurs in about 13% of preserved ejection fraction patients undergoing MVR by five years. Increasing left atrial diameter is an independent predictor of LOAF. Concomitant anti-arrhythmic procedures may warrant further investigation in patients with preserved ejection fraction and enlarged left atria undergoing MVR. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12774 (J Card Surg 2016;31:486-492).
The Impact of Device Innovation on Clinical Outcomes in Expander-based Breast Reconstruction (2019)

The unique feature of the AlloX2 provides surgeons easy access to the peri-prosthetic space without altering any of the other characteristics of a tissue expander. This resulted in a reduced time to drain removal and facilitated management of postoperative seroma and infection.
The Diversity of Volatile Compounds in Australia’s Semi-Desert Genus Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae) (2021)

Australia's endemic desert shrubs are commonly aromatic, with chemically diverse terpenes and phenylpropanoids in their headspace profiles. Species from the genus <i>Eremophila</i> (Scrophulariaceae ex. Myoporaceae) are the most common, with 215 recognised taxa and many more that have not yet been described, widely spread across the arid parts of the Australian continent. Over the years, our research team has collected multiple specimens as part of a survey to investigate the chemical diversity of the genus and create leads for further scientific enquiry. In the current study, the diversity of volatile compounds is studied using hydrodistilled essential oils and leaf solvent extracts from 30 taxa. Several rare terpenes and iridoids were detected in chemical profiles widely across the genus, and three previously undescribed sesquiterpenes were isolated and are assigned by 2D NMR-<i>E</i>-11(12)-dehydroisodendrolasin, <i>Z</i>-11-hydroxyisodendrolasin and 10-hydroxydihydro-α-humulene acetate. Multiple sampling from <i>Eremophila longifolia</i>, <i>Eremophila arbuscular</i>, <i>Eremophila latrobei</i>, <i>Eremophila deserti</i>, <i>Eremophila sturtii</i>, <i>Eremophila oppositifolia</i> and <i>Eremophila alternifolia</i> coneys that species in <i>Eremophila</i> are highly chemovariable. However, taxa are generally grouped according to the expression of (1) furanosesquiterpenes, (2) iridoids or oxides, (3) mixtures of 1 and 2, (4) phenylpropanoids, (5) non-furanoid terpenes, (6) mixtures of 4 and 5, and less commonly (7) mixtures of 1 and 5. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of solvent-extracted leaves taken from cultivated specimens conveys that many heavier 'volatiles' with lower vapour pressure are not detected in hydrodistilled essential oils and have therefore been neglected in past chemical studies. Hence, our data reiterate that chemical studies of the genus <i>Eremophila</i> will continue to describe new metabolites and that taxon determination has limited predictive value for the chemical composition.
Rubella virus. Isolation, characterization, and laboratory diagnosis. (1969)

THE observations of Dr. N. McAlister Gregg in 1941, 1 linking the occurrence of rubella in early pregnancy and the congenital defects resulting in the newborn, stimulated renewed interest in the disease and in measures which might lead to its control. It was not until 1962, however, that recovery of the virus was accomplished by Weller and Neva 2 at the Harvard School of Public Health and by Parkman et al 3 at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Each group worked independently and used different techniques. At Harvard, the presence of rubella virus was recognized in human amnion cell cultures by the appearance of a subtle cytopathic effect (CPE). At Walter Reed, it was found that rubella virus infected African green monkey kidney (GMK) cells were resistant to the CPE induced by echovirus type 11. These findings were rapidly confirmed by other investigators. 4-7 In this report these
Cryo-CARE: Content-Aware Image Restoration for Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy Data (2019)

Multiple approaches to use deep learning for image restoration have recently been proposed. Training such approaches requires well registered pairs of high and low quality images. While this is easily achievable for many imaging modalities, e.g. fluorescence light microscopy, for others it is not. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) could profoundly benefit from improved denoising methods, unfortunately it is one of the latter. Here we show how recent advances in network training for image restoration tasks, i.e. denoising, can be applied to cryo-TEM data. We describe our proposed method and show how it can be applied to single cryo-TEM projections and whole cryo-tomographic image volumes. Our proposed restoration method dramatically increases contrast in cryo-TEM images, which improves the interpretability of the acquired data. Furthermore we show that automated downstream processing on restored image data, demonstrated on a dense segmentation task, leads to improved results.
Stability and safety key factors of the oncolytic protoparvovirus H-1 from manufacturing to human application (2023)

The oncolytic rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV has been successfully used in phase I/II clinical trials to treat recurrent glioblastoma multiforme and pancreatic cancer. The present work focuses on the stability and environmental safety of the H-1PV drug product from production up to its use in patients. We identified hold-steps in manufacturing for up to 3 months and showed 7-years stability for the optimal product formulation. Stress testing via UV, temperature, and pH also determined that the drug product is stable. De- and rehydration for lyophilization simulation are possible without infectious virus loss. Furthermore, we prove in-use stability for 4 days at room temperature and show no virus adsorption to injection devices, guaranteeing the correct administration dose. Iodixanol in the formulation, resulting in high viscosity, protects H-1PV against UV and some disinfectants. Nonetheless, H-1PV is depleted with rapid heat deactivation, autoclavation, and nanofiltration. Assessment of chemical disinfectants that are currently recommended by the Robert Koch-Institute demonstrated that ethanol-based hand disinfectants are not effective; however, aldehyde-based disinfectants for surfaces and instruments demonstrate sufficient H-1PV deactivation in aqueous formulations by 4 to 6 log<sub>10</sub>. With these results, we could establish a specific hygiene plan for all involved facilities from manufacturing to patient application. Overall, using 48% Iodixanol in Visipaque/Ringer as a drug formulation stabilizes H-1PV infectivity over years and protects against virus loss from short-term UV, low pH, and temperature exposure. KEY POINTS: • Optimal formulation of drug product protects the H-1PV protoparvovirus against UV, temperatures up to 50 °C, and low pH (> 1.25), stabilizing the virus during manufacturing, storage, transport, and application. • H-1PV is stable during in-use and does not adsorb to injection devices during patient administration. • Hygiene plan for H-1PV with physicochemical methods has been established.
Access Structures for Moving Points (2003)

Several applications require management of data which is spatially dynamic, e.g., tracking of battle ships or moving cells in a blood sample. The capability of handling the temporal aspect, i.e., the history of such type of data, is also important. This paper presents and evaluates three temporal extensions of the R-tree, the 3D R-tree, the 2+3 R-tree and the HR-tree, which are capable of indexing spatiotemporal data. Our experiments have shown that the while the HR-tree was the larger structure, its query processing cost was over 50% smaller than the ones yielded by the 3D R-tree and the 2+3 R-tree. Also compared to the (non-practical) approach of storing one R-tree for each of the spatial database states it offered the same query processing cost, saving around one third of storage space. 1 Introduction The primary goal of a spatiotemporal database is the accurate modeling of the real world; that is a dynamic world, which involves objects whose position, shape and size change over ti...
Non-convulsive status epilepticus causing focal neurological deficits in CADASIL (2009)

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary small vessel disease caused by mutations of the <i>Notch3</i> gene. Clinical manifestations include migraine with or without aura, psychiatric disorders, recurrent ischaemic strokes and cognitive decline. Brain MRI shows confluent hyperintense signal alterations involving characteristically the anterior part of the temporal lobes and widespread areas of the deep and periventricular white matter. Focal or generalised seizures represent a rare neurological manifestation in CADASIL with a frequency of 6-10% in two large series.1<sup>,</sup>2 Status epilepticus, however, has not been reported so far. Herein we describe a patient with CADASIL with an acute focal neurological deficit following a prolonged migraine attack. The symptoms were first interpreted as an ischaemic stroke but subsequently diagnosed to be due to a non-convulsive status epilepticus.
Regional Brain Abnormalities in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Association With Cognitive Abilities and Behavioral Symptoms (2004)

Children with 22q11.2 microdeletions (Velocardiofacial Syndrome; VCFS) have previously been shown to exhibit learning deficits and elevated rates of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to assess regional brain abnormalities in children with 22q11DS, and to determine the relationship of these measures to neurocognitive and behavioral function. Thirteen children with confirmed deletions and 9 demographically matched comparison subjects were assessed with a neurocognitive battery, behavioral measures, and high-resolution MRI. Twenty-two qllDS children showed a nonsignificant 4.3% global decrease in total brain volume as compared to healthy controls,with differential reduction in white matter, and significantly increased sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in temporal and posterior brain regions. In 22q11 DS subjects, but not controls, bilateral temporal gray and white matter volumes were significant predictors of overall cognitive performance. Further, reduced temporal gray matter was associated with elevated Thought Problems score on the CBCL. Results indicate that global alterations in brain volume are common in children with 22q deletions, particularly those with low IQ and/or behavioral disturbance. Although preliminary,these findings suggest a possible underlying pathophysiology of the cognitive deficits seen in this syndrome,and provide insight into complex gene-brain-behavior relationships.
An improved depth map estimation for coding and view synthesis (2011)

Inaccuracy depth estimation may influence on depth coding and virtual view rendering in the free-viewpoint television (FTV) system, an improved depth map estimation is proposed to solve the problem for coding and view synthesis. Firstly, check the consistency of initial depth, and the influence of initial miss-matches is minimized by introduction of an additional adaptive matching error selection that penalizes the unreliable matches. Then according to certain criteria, the multi-reference depth maps are merged into one disparity map to improve the quality of disparity map. Finally, a multilateral filtering is used to preserve details in the depth map and simultaneously smooth the depths in occluded areas at object boundary, less texture and discontinuity regions. Experimental results show a significant improvement of the initial input depth maps and coding efficiency, as well as a reduction of view synthesis artifacts.
Damping of Mechanical Vibrations with Piezoelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composites (1994)

The piezoelectric ceramic (piezo-ceramic) component of a polymer / piezoelectric ceramic composite converts mechanical energy to electrical energy is dissipated as heat in a load resistance Rx provided by the conductive polymer matrix. Damping in the composite is therefore provided by a piezo-damping in addition to the conventional viscoelastic damping provided by the polymer. New models have been developed to characterize the damping behaviour of the composites. The maximum damping ratio of composites can be as high as 46%. A two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) experimental setup was used to test the validity of the models. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
The Function and Regulation of Senescent Stromal-Derived Osteopontin (2010)

Our understanding of tumors as complex organs has increased our appreciation for each component of the tumor microenvironment and its respective contribution to tumorigenesis. Fibroblasts found within a tumor actively participate in the growth, progression and metastasis of cancer cells. Senescent fibroblasts, which are permanently arrested yet metabolically active, accumulate in tissue over time where they may promote the proliferation and malignant conversion of preneoplastic cells in older individuals. I have examined the relationship between senescent fibroblasts and preneoplastic keratinocytes and identified the secreted multifunctional protein osteopontin: OPN) as a critical stromal mediating factor. RNAi-directed reduction of stromal OPN leads to decreased growth of preneoplastic keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, I have demonstrated the presence of senescent stroma and associated OPN expression in the early stages of a chemical carcinogenesis mouse model, suggesting that it plays a role early in tumor formation. OPN is part of a unique transcriptional profile activated upon senescence induction. Given the significance of senescent stromal-derived factors in tumorigenesis, I have investigated the regulation of OPN and other members of the senescence-associated secretory profile: SASP). I demonstrate that SASP is coordinately upregulated in response to multiple stimuli inducing senescence namely DNA damage, chromatin modulation and ectopic expression of p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. However, my work on the transcriptional activation of OPN reveals that SASP contains distinct subsets governed by unique transcriptional mechanisms. To this end, I demonstrate that OPN, unlike IL6 and IL8 - two well characterized SASP members - does not require the activity of ATM or NfκB for its expression in senescence. To uncover specific activators of OPN transcription, I examined OPN's promoter and I identified a fragment that is responsive in senescent fibroblasts. Furthermore, I demonstrate that OPN transcription requires chromatin modulators. Together my work presents a model where chromatin modifications in senescence play a central role in dictating transcriptional responses that ultimately impact the tumor microenvironment.
Conversion of biosynthetic human proinsulin to partially cleaved intermediates by collagenase proteinases adsorbed to isolated rat adipocytes. (1988)

Studies of the biological activity of proinsulin have resulted in widely varying conclusions. Relative to insulin, the biological activity of proinsulin has been reported from less than 1% to almost 20%. Many of the assays in vitro for the biological potency of proinsulin have utilized isolated rat adipocytes. To examine further the interaction of proinsulin with rat adipocytes, we prepared specifically-labelled proinsulin isomers that were iodinated on tyrosine residues corresponding to the A14, A19, B16 or B26 residue of insulin. These were incubated with rat adipocytes and their metabolism was examined by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, by Sephadex G-50 chromatography, and by h.p.l.c. chromatography. By trichloroacetic acid-precipitation assay, there was little or no proinsulin degradation. By G-50 chromatography and subsequent h.p.l.c. analysis, however, we found that the labelled proinsulin isomers were converted rapidly and almost completely to materials which eluted differently on h.p.l.c. from intact proinsulin. This conversion was due primarily to proteolytic activity which adsorbed to the fat cells from the crude collagenase used to isolate the cells. Two primary conversion intermediates were found: one with a cleavage at residues 23-24 of proinsulin (the B-chain region of insulin), and one at residues 55-56 in the connecting peptide region. These intermediates had receptor binding properties equivalent to or less than intact proinsulin. These findings show that isolated fat cells can degrade proinsulin to intermediates due to their contamination with proteolytic activity from the collagenase used in their preparation. Thus the previously reported range in biological activities of proinsulin in fat cells may have arisen from such protease contamination. Finally, the present findings demonstrate that a sensitive assay for degradation of hormones is required to examine biological activities in isolated cells.
<title>Use of force feedback to enhance graphical user interfaces</title> (1996)

This project focuses on the use of force feedback sensations to enhance user interaction with standard graphical user interface paradigms. While typical joystick and mouse devices are input-only, force feedback controllers allow physical sensations to be reflected to a user. Tasks that require users to position a cursor on a given target can be enhanced by applying physical forces to the user that aid in targeting. For example, an attractive force field implemented at the location of a graphical icon can greatly facilitate target acquisition and selection of the icon. It has been shown that force feedback can enhance a users ability to perform basic functions within graphical user interfaces.