gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All entangled pure quantum states violate the bilocality inequality (2017)

The nature of quantum correlations in networks featuring independent sources of entanglement remains poorly understood. Here, focusing on the simplest network of entanglement swapping, we start a systematic characterization of the set of quantum states leading to violation of the so-called "bilocality" inequality. First, we show that all possible pairs of entangled pure states can violate the inequality. Next, we derive a general criterion for violation for arbitrary pairs of mixed two-qubit states. Notably, this reveals a strong connection between the CHSH Bell inequality and the bilocality inequality, namely that any entangled state violating CHSH also violates the bilocality inequality. We conclude with a list of open questions.
Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Dysfunction after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (2002)

ED associated with TURP is most likely of neurogenic origin due to capsular perforation, or of psychogenic nature as suggested by the significant association with diminished libido.
In Silico Pathway Analysis Predicts Metabolites that are Potential Antimicrobial Targets (2011)

Antibiotic discovery aimed at conventional targets such as proteins and nucleic acids faces challenges from mutations and antibiotic resistance. Small molecule metabolites, however, can be considered resistant to change, as they do not undergo rapid mutations. Developing analogs or scavengers of essential microbial metabolites as antibiotics is a promising strategy that can delay drug resistance. The objective of this work was to identify microbial metabolites that are most suitable targets for antimicrobial discovery. We performed extensive literature mining and systems level pathway analysis to identify bacterial metabolites that fulfill the criteria for drug targets. The BioCyc interactive metabolic pathway maps and Pathway Tools software were used to corroborate our finding. We identified ten metabolites as potential candidates for developing novel antibiotics. These metabolites are Lipid II, meso-diaminopimelate, pantothenate, shikimate, biotin, L-aspartyl-4-phosphate, dTDP--L-rhamnose, UDP-Dgalacto-1,4-furanose, des-N-acetyl mycothiol, and Siroheme. The article describes the selection criteria, analysis of metabolic pathways, and the potential role of each of the ten metabolites in therapeutic intervention as broadspectrum antibiotics with emphasis on M. tuberculosis. Our study revealed previously unexplored targets along with metabolites that are well established in antibiotic discovery. Identification of established metabolites strengthen our analyses while the newly discovered metabolites could lead to novel antimicrobials.
Semantic Motion Segmentation Using Dense CRF Formulation (2014)

While the literature has been fairly dense in the areas of scene understanding and semantic labeling there have been few works that make use of motion cues to embellish semantic performance and vice versa. In this paper, we address the problem of semantic motion segmentation, and show how semantic and motion priors augments performance. We propose an algorithm that jointly infers the semantic class and motion labels of an object. Integrating semantic, geometric and optical flow based constraints into a dense CRF-model we infer both the object class as well as motion class, for each pixel. We found improvement in performance using a fully connected CRF as compared to a standard clique-based CRFs. For inference, we use a Mean Field approximation based algorithm. Our method outperforms recently proposed motion detection algorithms and also improves the semantic labeling compared to the state-of-the-art Automatic Labeling Environment algorithm on the challenging KITTI dataset especially for object classes such as pedestrians and cars that are critical to an outdoor robotic navigation scenario.
On the coarsening of immiscible polymer blends with cocontinuous morphologies (2009)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. December 2009. major: Chemical Engineering. Advisor: Chris Macosko. 1 computer file (PDF); xiv, 225 pages, appendices A-D, + 2 computer files ((JPEG); red-green separation 3-D images titled 25-75Blend and 50-50Blend, + 1 computer file (MOV); 28 sec. col. computer animation, titled 3DImage
Solute Orientational Dynamics and Surface Roughness of Water/Hydrocarbon Interfaces (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolute Orientational Dynamics and Surface Roughness of Water/Hydrocarbon InterfacesDavid Michael and Ilan BenjaminCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 5, 1530–1536Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100005a025https://doi.org/10.1021/j100005a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optical Imaging of Cell Fusion and Fusion Proteins in C aenorhabditis elegans (2008)

Cell fusion is a very dynamic process in which the entire membrane and cellular contents of two or more cells merge into one. Strategies developed to understand the component processes that make up a full fusion event require imaging to be performed over a range of space and time scales. These strategies must cover detection of nanometer-sized pores, monitoring cytoplasmic diffusion and the dynamic localization of proteins that induce fusion competence, and three-dimensional reconstruction of multinucleated cells. Caenorhabditis elegans' small size, predictable development, and transparent body make this organism optimal for microscopic investigations. In this chapter, focus is placed on light microscopy techniques that have been used thus far to study developmental fusion events in C. elegans and the insights that have been gained from them. There is also a general overview of the developmental timing of the cell fusion events. Additionally, several protocols are described for preparing both fixed and live specimens at various developmental stages of C. elegans for examination via optical microscopy.
Effects of extracellular calcium and vitamin D3 on seborrhea and acne (2017)

Effects of extracellular calcium and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on seborrhea and acneC.C. Zouboulis,1 H. Seltmann,1 M.B. Abdel-Naser1, A.M. Hossini1, G.K. Menon2 and R. Kubba31Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Theodore Fontane Medical University of Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany; 2ASI corporation, Bridgewater, NJ, U.S.A.;3Delhi Dermatology Group, Kubba Clinic, New Delhi, IndiaCalcium (Ca) and vitamin D3 (VitD) activity on the sebaceous gland is not yet elucidated. The in vitro part of the study evaluated extracellular Ca (eCa) and VitD effects on human sebocytes. The clinical part measured Ca and VitD levels in acne patients. In vitro morphology/ultrastructure, proliferation, lipogenesis and apoptosis of SZ95 sebocytes were assessed under eCa (0.05-1.4mM) with/without VitD (10-9,10-7M) at 24 and 72h. Serum Ca and VitD levels were measured in 104 acne patients (47f/57m; 53%&lt;25y). SZ95 sebocytes maintained at low eCa (0.05mM) exhibited rounded morphology, formed few loose colonies and tended to detach. Numerous mitochondria, highly developed Golgi complex and several small-large lipid droplets indicated active metabolism and lipogenesis. In contrast, SZ95 sebocytes maintained at high extracellular Ca (1.4mM) were polygonal, readily expanded and formed large compact firmly adherent colonies, whereas lipid droplets were barely detected. Increasing eCa levels significantly enhanced SZ95 sebocyte numbers and reduced lipogenesis. Reducing eCa enhanced SZ95 sebocyte caspase 3/7 activity and Ca chelation by EGTA resulted in enhanced lipogenesis. VitD decreased sebaceous lipogenesis as shown by functional and ultrastructure studies. The latter also detected signs of autophagy in VitD-treated sebocytes. All patients tested exhibited serum Ca levels inside the normal limits. In contrast, 81% patients presented at least VitD insufficiency, whereas 47% patients were even deficient. More young acne patients presented VitD deficiency (60%) in comparison to older ones (33%, Yates`p=0.01). In conclusion, eCa and VitD3 regulate sebocyte morphology and increase cell growth but decrease sebaceous lipogenesis and induce cell autophagy in vitro. The majority of acne patients presented VitD insufficiency and high rates of deficiency, especially the younger ones.
Safety of Modern Starches Used During Surgery (2012)

Various hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparations have been used for decades to augment blood volume. There has been concern recently regarding possible adverse outcomes when using HES in the intensive care setting, especially in patients with septic shock. However, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of HES preparations depend on their chemical composition and source material. Thus, different clinical conditions could result in differing effectiveness and safety for these preparations. Consequently, we assessed the safety of tetrastarches when used during surgery, using a formal search, that yielded 59 primary full publications of studies that met a priori inclusion criteria and randomly allocated 4529 patients with 2139 patients treated with tetrastarch compared with 2390 patients treated with a comparator. There were no indications that the use of tetrastarches during surgery induces adverse renal effects as assessed by change or absolute concentrations of serum creatinine or need for renal replacement therapy (39 trials, 3389 patients), increased blood loss (38 trials, 3280 patients), allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion (20 trials, 2151 patients; odds ratio for HES transfusion 0.73 [95% confidence interval = 0.61-0.87], P = 0.0005), or increased mortality (odds ratio for HES mortality = 0.51 [0.24-1.05], P = 0.079).
Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus (2012)

The movement of proteins between the cytoplasm and nucleus mediated by the importin superfamily of proteins is essential to many cellular processes, including differentiation and development, and is critical to disease states such as viral disease and oncogenesis. We recently developed a high-throughput screen to identify specific and general inhibitors of protein nuclear import, from which ivermectin was identified as a potential inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated transport. In the present study, we characterized in detail the nuclear transport inhibitory properties of ivermectin, demonstrating that it is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of importin α/β nuclear import, with no effect on a range of other nuclear import pathways, including that mediated by importin β1 alone. Importantly, we establish for the first time that ivermectin has potent antiviral activity towards both HIV-1 and dengue virus, both of which are strongly reliant on importin α/β nuclear import, with respect to the HIV-1 integrase and NS5 (non-structural protein 5) polymerase proteins respectively. Ivermectin would appear to be an invaluable tool for the study of protein nuclear import, as well as the basis for future development of antiviral agents.
Synthesis, Structure‐Activity Relationship and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Methyl‐Substituted Tetrazoloquinoline‐Based Pyrazolinethioamides (2016)

Abstract A new series of pyrazolinethioamide and intermediate chalcone were synthesized from the tetrazoloqunoline molecule and the effect of these compounds on in‐vitro growth of microorganisms is studied. In‐vitro anti‐microbial activity was performed against S.aureus, S.epidermidis, P.mirabilis and E.coli . A number of analogues exhibited potent activity against all the bacterial strains. The SAR results indicate that the thioamide, methoxy group at C‐4 of phenyl ring and tetrazole unit play key roles for their bacterial inhibitory effect. This is further supported by the molecular modeling study of the crystal structure of PDB: 4Z7 M with compounds 5 b and 5 g . Compound 5 b showed potent antibacterial activity against S.aureus, S.epidermidis and moderate activity against E.coli with MIC values 6.25, 3.125, and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 5 g showed potent antibacterial activity against S.epidermidis with MIC value 3.125 μg/mL but moderate activity against P.mirabilis and E. coli . Most promising compounds were tested for cytotoxic study by MTT assay on HepG2 cell line and the results showed that all the compounds offered remarkable &gt;70 % viability up to the concentration of 100 μg/mL.
Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 have Opposing Roles in the Pathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke-induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2017)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of morbidity and death and imposes major socioeconomic burdens globally. It is a progressive and disabling condition that severely impairs breathing and lung function. There is a lack of effective treatments for COPD, which is a direct consequence of the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in driving the pathogenesis of the disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are implicated in chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of COPD are controversial and conflicting evidence exists. In the current study, we investigated the role of TLR2 and TLR4 using a model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD that recapitulates the hallmark features of human disease. TLR2, TLR4, and associated coreceptor mRNA expression was increased in the airways in both experimental and human COPD. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, CS-induced pulmonary inflammation was unaltered in TLR2-deficient ( Tlr2<sup>-/-</sup>) and TLR4-deficient ( Tlr4<sup>-/-</sup>) mice. CS-induced airway fibrosis, characterized by increased collagen deposition around small airways, was not altered in Tlr2<sup>-/-</sup> mice but was attenuated in Tlr4<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with CS-exposed WT controls. However, Tlr2<sup>-/-</sup> mice had increased CS-induced emphysema-like alveolar enlargement, apoptosis, and impaired lung function, while these features were reduced in Tlr4<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with CS-exposed WT controls. Taken together, these data highlight the complex roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest that activation of TLR2 and/or inhibition of TLR4 may be novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COPD.
Pulmonary embolism. A hazard of air travel. (1981)

A case of near fatal pulmonary embolism following a long air flight is descriptionbed. The implications, complications and some solutions are discussed.
Menopause, central body fatness, and insulin resistance (1998)

In addition to being associated with termination of reproductive life in women, the menopause coincides with an increase in several comorbidities including cardiovascular disease. This increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the postmenopausal years has been partially attributed to adverse effects of estrogen deficiency on plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels and on the cardiovascular system, although other factors are contributing. Central body fatness and insulin resistance are components of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities which also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes studies that have examined the effects of the menopause transition and of estrogen-replacement therapy on central body fatness and insulin resistance. Review of cross-sectional studies suggests that the menopause transition is associated with an increase in abdominal and visceral adipose tissue accumulation, as measured either with dual X-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography. These results appear to be independent of the aging process and total body fatness. In general, cross-sectional studies using circumference measurements did not find any significant effect of the menopause. Longitudinal studies also support that accumulation of central body fatness accelerates with menopause. The effects of the menopause on insulin resistance appear to be moderate, if any, although available studies are clearly insufficient to draw firm conclusions. The majority of interventional studies support the notion that hormone-replacement therapy attenuates the accumulation of central fat in postmenopausal women, compared with control or placebo-treated women. Retrospective comparisons of hormone users and nonusers also support a protective effect of hormone replacement on fat distribution. Moderate effects of estrogen therapy were found on insulin resistance in postmenopausal women, although long-term, controlled trials using accurate measurements of insulin sensitivity are lacking. Treatment with progestins exerts moderate deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity, which may be attributable to the partial androgenicity of progestins used. It is concluded that part of the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women may be attributable to increased central body fatness. Therapies aiming at preventing these changes in fat distribution such as hormone-replacement therapy, diet or exercise are likely to provide long-term cardiovascular and metabolic benefits for women's health.
NEBNext Direct: A Novel, Rapid, Hybridization‐Based Approach for the Capture and Library Conversion of Genomic Regions of Interest (2017)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool for genomic studies, translational research, and clinical diagnostics that enables the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, copy number variations, and other genetic variations. Target enrichment technologies improve the efficiency of NGS by only sequencing regions of interest, which reduces sequencing costs while increasing coverage of the selected targets. Here we present NEBNext Direct<sup>®</sup> , a hybridization-based, target-enrichment approach that addresses many of the shortcomings of traditional target-enrichment methods. This approach features a simple, 7-hr workflow that uses enzymatic removal of off-target sequences to achieve a high specificity for regions of interest. Additionally, unique molecular identifiers are incorporated for the identification and filtering of PCR duplicates. The same protocol can be used across a wide range of input amounts, input types, and panel sizes, enabling NEBNext Direct to be broadly applicable across a wide variety of research and diagnostic needs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long range nanostructuring of silicon surfaces by photonic nanojets from microsphere Langmuir films (2013)

International audience
Analysis of the Cognition Involved in Spreadsheet Software Interaction (Abstract Only) (1989)

This paper analyzes details of the cognition involved when people use spreadsheet software, a task that is both a major microcomputer application and a cognitively intense task. This task is analyzed in terms of the GOMS model (Card, Moran, and Newell, 1983), both to test the generality of the model and to extend its set of parameters. We found that people using two seemingly similar spreadsheet applications, Lotus 1-2-3 and Multiplan, require very different amounts of time to accomplish the same tasks. Experienced users of Lotus 1-2-3 took far longer to complete the same four tasks than experienced Multiplan users did. Some of that additional time was found to be caused by the fact that Lotus 1-2-3 offers a choice to users of two general methods to use to enter formulas. Lotus requires that the user decide which to use. This decision takes time. And, when the users type in the values of the formula instead of using the cursor to point to the cell in which the values reside, they pause a long time before each such typing entry. Presumably they are scanning the screen and calculating the coordinates to type in during the pause. Again, these cognitive processes take time. In an analysis of a second task, that of adjusting the column width, there was substantial evidence that the performance changes when a method is repeated in close succession. This repetition affects the parameters that reflect the time it takes to retrieve command parts from memory. When the parameters for scanning decision and repetition were added to the keystroke analysis of our task, we found remarkable correspondence with the basic parameters from Card, Moran, and Newell's original work: the keystroke times and mental preparation times from their original experiments were very close to the estimates of those same parameters in our tasks. However, in our analysis of the spreadsheet task, we expanded the parameter set in the keystroke model to account for performance in tasks that require substantial planning, scanning, and repetition.
Photografting of polymers onto nanosized silica surface initiated by eosin moieties immobilized onto the surface (2004)

Abstract The photograft polymerization of various vinyl monomers onto nanosized silica surfaces was investigated. It was initiated by eosin moieties introduced onto the silica surface. The preparation of the silica with eosin moieties was achieved by the reaction of eosin with benzyl chloride groups on the silica surface.These were introduced by the reaction of surface silanol groups with 4‐(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of t ‐butyl ammonium bromide as a phase‐transfer catalyst. The photopolymerization of various vinyl monomers, such as styrene, acrylamide, acrylic acid, and acrylonitrile was successfully initiated by eosin moieties on the silica surface in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and by oxygen. The corresponding polymers were grafted from the silica surface. The grafting efficiency (percentage of grafted polymer to total polymer formed) in the photoinitiation system was much larger than that in the radical polymerization initiated by surface radicals; these radicals were formed by the thermal decomposition of azo groups introduced onto the silica surface. It was found that the polymer‐grafted silica gave stable dispersions in good solvents of grafted polymer and the wettability of the surfaces can be easily controlled by grafting of polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 600–606, 2005