gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the TCRζ Expression, Polyclonal Expansion, and Activation of T Cells from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia After IL-2, IL-7, and IL-12 Induction (2015)

Defective T cell receptor (TCR) signaling resulting in lower T cell function plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T cell immunodeficiency in leukemia. Previous studies have indicated that lower TCRζ levels are a common characteristic of patients with leukemia, and upregulating TCRζ could partially recover T cell function. In this study, we characterized the effect of the stimulating factor induction on the TCRζ, Zap-70, and FcɛRIγ levels, IFN-γ secretion, and the distribution and clonal expansion of TCR Vβ subfamilies in CD3(+) T cells sorted from peripheral blood from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The induction included single stimulating factor or a combination with different cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-2+IL-7, IL-7+IL-12, CD3, CD3+CD28 antibody, CD3+CD28 antibody+IL-2, and CD3+CD28 antibody+IL-7) at 72 h. The results showed that increased TCRζ and Zap-70 levels with deceased FcɛRIγ in T cells after induction, and different responses to cytokine in T cell from different cases may indicate the heterogeneity of T cells and different immune statuses in different AML cases. Increased IFN-γ levels in T cells from AML patients were detected after induction in the IL-12+IL-7, CD3+CD28+IL-2, and CD3+CD28+IL-7 groups. Moreover, the number of TCR Vβ subfamily T cells expressed was increased; however, all of the TCR Vβ subfamily T cells in the AML patients could not be completely recovered after induction. In conclusion, the cytotoxicity and activation function of T cells could be enhanced after induction by different stimuli accompanied by an increase in TCRζ and Zap-70 and recovery of the TCR Vβ repertoire in AML patients.
Synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives. XXX. Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazepines. (1977)

A novel bicyclic ring, pyrazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 4] oxazepine was synthesized. The Mannich reaction of 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-phenyl pyrazole (I) with p-substituted aniline gave 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-phenyl-4-(p-substituted anilino) methyl pyrazoles (II, III, IV, V), which were reacted with chloroacetyl chloride to give 3-methyl-2-phenyl-5-(p-substituted)-phenyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 4] oxazepin-6-ones (VI, VII, VIII, IX). The reduction of VI, VII, and VIII with lithium aluminum hydride gave 3-methyl-2-phenyl-5-(p-substituted) phenyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 4] oxazepines (X, XI, XII) and ring-opened products (XIII, XIV, XV).
Investigation of biasing conditions and energy dissipation in electrochemically controlled capillarity liquid metal electronics (2020)

This Letter investigates the trade‐off between the biasing conditions (biasing current and electrolyte concentration) and energy dissipation in high‐frequency liquid metal electronics using electrochemically controlled capillarity (ECC). ECC can control the interfacial tension of liquid metal via DC current as a method to move the metal in capillaries. It requires a conductive electrolyte to facilitate the electrochemical reactions. Here, the authors measure the withdrawal rate of liquid metal under different biasing currents and electrolyte concentrations. The results indicate that a larger biasing current and a more concentrated electrolyte induce a faster withdrawal motion of liquid metal. This Letter also explores the change of antenna efficiency when different electrolyte concentrations are chosen. The selection of electrolyte concentration for high‐antenna efficiency conflicts with the need for fast withdrawal speed and low‐DC power consumption of the liquid metal system, therefore requiring a balance among the various parameters when ECC is applied in practical liquid metal electronics.
Service-oriented heterogeneous resource sharing for optimizing service latency in mobile cloud (2013)

Fog computing is expected to be an enabler of mobile cloud computing, which extends the cloud computing paradigm to the edge of the network. In the mobile cloud, not only central data centers but also pervasive mobile devices share their heterogeneous resources (e. g. CPUs, bandwidth, content) and support services. The mobile cloud based on such resource sharing is expected to be a powerful platform for mobile cloud applications and services. In this paper, we propose an architecture and mathematical framework for heterogeneous resource sharing based on the key idea of service-oriented utility functions. Since heterogeneous resources are often measured/quantified in disparate scales/units (e.g. power, bandwidth, latency), we present a unified framework where all these quantities are equivalently mapped to "time" resources. We formulate optimization problems for maximizing (i) the sum of the utility functions, and (ii) the product of the utility functions, and solve them via convex optimization approaches. Our numerical results show that service-oriented heterogeneous resource sharing reduces service latencies effectively and achieves high energy efficiency, making it attractive for use in the mobile cloud.
Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the US Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as an important etiologic agent of liver injury and failure in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The prevalence and characteristics of HCV in a representative cohort of HIV-infected patients have not been described. Therefore, a representative sample of 1687 HIV-infected patients was studied; a 213-sample subcohort was selected by use of risk-based sampling from 2 large prospective US Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group clinical trials. HCV prevalence, HCV RNA level, and genotype were determined. The weighted overall estimate of HCV prevalence in the study cohort was 16.1% (95% weighted confidence interval, 14.3%-17.8%), with significant variability depending on risk factors and HIV RNA levels. Among patients defined as being "at risk", 72.7% were HCV positive, whereas, among low-risk patients, the positivity rate was 3.5%. Genotype 1 was found in 83.3% of infected patients. Median HCV RNA level was 6.08x106 IU/mL. High virus loads and genotype 1 prevalence may be important to interferon-based antiviral response rates among coinfected patients.
CryptoManiac: a fast flexible architecture for secure communication (2002)

The growth of the Internet as a vehicle for secure communication and electronic commerce has brought cryptographic processing performance to the forefront of high throughput system design. This trend will be further underscored with the widespread adoption of secure protocols such as secure IP (IPSEC) and virtual private networks (VPNs). In this paper, we introduce the CryptoManiac processor, a fast and flexible co-processor for cryptographic workloads. Our design is extremely efficient; we present analysis of a 0.25 um physical design that runs the standard Rijndael cipher algorithm 2.25 times faster than a 600 MHz Alpha 21264 processor. Moreover, our implementation requires 1/100/sup th/ the area and power in the same technology. We demonstrate that the performance of our design rivals a state-of-the-art dedicated hardware implementation of the 3DES (triple DES) algorithm, while retaining the flexibility to simultaneously support multiple cipher algorithms. Finally, we define a scalable system architecture that combines CryptoManiac processing elements to exploit inter-session and inter-packet parallelism available in many communication protocols. Using I/O traces and detailed timing simulation, we show that chip multiprocessor configurations can effectively service high throughput applications including secure web and disk I/O processing.
The Same But Different? Codevelopment policies in France, Germany, Spain and the institutions of the European Union from a comparative perspective (2010)

En terminos generales, el co-desarrollo se ha entendido como la combinacion de las politicas de migracion y cooperacion al desarrollo, y la promocion de los emigrantes como agentes para el desarrollo de su pais de origen. Nacido en los anos 90 en Francia, el concepto fue ganando un rapido reconocimiento internacional, y se ha entendido como una estrategia �win-win-win� que proporciona efectos positivos a los paises de origen, a los de destino y a los propios inmigrantes. Aun asi, en la actualidad el termino corre el riesgo de estar siendo utilizado de manera abusiva, y existe la preocupacion porque acciones denominadas de co-desarrollo sirvan para frenar la inmigracion y disminuir la ayuda oficial al desarrollo. Este Documento examina el uso que diferentes paises europeos y la propia Union Europea hacen del concepto de codesarrollo, y analiza criticamente las politicas y resultados derivados.
<title>Multiple simulated waterdrop impact damage in zinc sulfide at supersonic velocities</title> (1992)

The effects of supersonic waterdrop impacts on infrared-transmitting materials are relatively unknown. This is due to the general lack of testing capabilities for these impact conditions, however current flight requirements are placing an increased emphasis on this velocity regime. The GRC Multiparticle Impact Facility was used to obtain multiple nylon bead simulations of waterdrop impacts on zinc sulfide specimens. Nylon bead impact damage on zinc sulfide is shown to be quite similar to that due to waterdrop collisions for several of the impact conditions. The validity of the nylon bead/waterdrop impact correlation is being more fully developed as the range of comparable impact conditions is increased. The nylon bead impact data base for zinc sulfide includes three impact angles (90 degree(s), 45 degree(s), and 30 degree(s)) and three bead diameters (1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, and 3.2 mm) for a range of impact velocities.
Disulfide-Rearranged Molten Globule State of .alpha.-Lactalbumin (1994)

A three-disulfide form of human alpha-lactalbumin, with free thiols on Cys6 and Cys120, can adopt the molten globule conformation. It then spontaneously rearranges its three disulfide bonds to many isomers that tend to maintain the molten globule conformation. The distribution of free thiol groups within the rearranged species has been determined quantitatively by chemical modification and peptide mapping. The protein's eight cysteine residues were modified with nearly equal frequencies, although there were significant departures from randomness. The results confirm that the molten globule state of alpha-lactalbumin does not maintain the native-like topology of the polypeptide backbone but is more like a collapsed form of an unfolded protein.
Phase 1 dose‐finding study of metformin in combination with concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (2019)

To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first phase 1 trial combining metformin with chemoradiotherapy. Rates of overall survival and progression-free survival were encouraging in this limited patient population, and warrant further investigation in a phase 2 trial.
Investigation of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of fibrotic and granulomatous disorders: a bronchoalveolar lavage study (2010)

We observed distinct profiles of TLR expression in fibrotic and granulomatous disorders. It is likely that they could play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and represent future therapeutic targets.
Current Role of Emergency US in Patients with Major Trauma (2008)

In patients with major trauma, focused abdominal ultrasonography (US) often is the initial imaging examination. US is readily available, requires minimal preparation time, and may be performed with mobile equipment that allows greater flexibility in patient positioning than is possible with other modalities. It also is effective in depicting abnormally large intraperitoneal collections of free fluid, which are indirect evidence of a solid organ injury that requires immediate surgery. However, because US has poor sensitivity for the detection of most solid organ injuries, an initial survey with US often is followed by a more thorough examination with multidetector computed tomography (CT). The initial US examination is generally performed with a FAST (focused assessment with sonography in trauma) protocol. Speed is important because if intraabdominal bleeding is present, the probability of death increases by about 1% for every 3 minutes that elapses before intervention. Typical sites of fluid accumulation in the presence of a solid organ injury are the Morison pouch (liver laceration), the pouch of Douglas (intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder), and the splenorenal fossa (splenic and renal injuries). FAST may be used also to exclude injuries to the heart and pericardium but not those to the bowel, mesentery, and urinary bladder, a purpose for which multidetector CT is better suited. If there is time after the initial FAST survey, the US examination may be extended to extra-abdominal regions to rule out pneumothorax or to guide endotracheal intubation, vascular puncture, or other interventional procedures.
Doses of 6-hydroxydopamine sufficient to deplete norepinephrine are not sufficient to decrease plasticity in the visual cortex (1986)

These experiments were designed to test Kasamatsu and Pettigrew's (1979, 1983, and see below) hypothesis that plasticity in the visual cortex requires cortical norepinephrine (NE). Kittens were treated with various doses of intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle solution. Cortical NE content was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. We sutured the right eyes of some kittens approximately 6 weeks of age for 1 week and recorded from the left visual cortex of these kittens at the end of the week of suture. We measured the ability of the deprived eye to drive cortical cells in animals that received either 0.2 or 4.8 mg of 6-OHDA, and also in control animals that received only vehicle solution. We concluded that a particular dose of 6-OHDA decreased plasticity if it increased (relative to controls) the ability of the deprived eye to drive cortical cells. Doses of 6-OHDA as small as 0.2 mg were sufficient to produce approximately maximal depletion of NE but did not decrease cortical plasticity. Doses of 4.8 mg or more did decrease cortical plasticity, although not as much as was reported by Kasamatsu and Pettigrew. We conclude that 6-OHDA can alter cortical plasticity but the decrease in plasticity does not result from NE depletion.
Evaluation of the sustainability of contrasted pig farming systems: the procedure, the evaluated systems and the evaluation tools (2014)

Although a few studies consider the sustainability of animal farming systems along the three classical main pillars (economy, environment and society), most studies on pig farming systems address only one of these pillars. The present paper is the introduction to a series of companion papers presenting the results of a study undertaken within the EU-supported project Q-PorkChains, aiming at building a comprehensive tool for the evaluation of pig farming systems, which is robust to accommodate the large variability of systems existing in Europe. The tool is mostly based on questions to farmers and comprises a total of 37 dimensions distributed along eight themes: Animal Welfare, Animal Health, Breeding Programmes, Environmental Sustainability, Meat Safety, Market Conformity, Economy and Working Conditions. The paper describes the procedure that was used for building the tool, using it on 15 contrasted pig farming systems and analysing the results. The evaluated systems are briefly described and a short overview of the dimensions is provided. Detailed descriptions of the theme-wise tools and results, as well as the results of an integrated evaluation, are available in the companion papers.
Chemical modification of E. coli glutamine synthetase (1986)

Thiourea trioxide partially inactivates E. coli glutamine synthetase (GS) (approx.25%) by reacting only with lysine residues, producing homoarginine. Thiourea dioxide totally inactivates GS by reacting with both lysine and histidine residues. The K/sub m/ values for thiourea trioxide modified enzyme are 0.21 mM for ATP and 10 mM for glutamate which are about threefold higher than for native GS. Using (/sup 14/C) thiourea trioxide, 2.3 +/- 0.2 moles of reagent were incorporated per monomer. The same number of homoarginine residues were found by amino acid analysis. Modification of GS with hydroxylamine results in total inactivation resulting from reaction with histidine. Fluorescence titrations indicate that substrate binding to the modified enzyme is weaker than to the native enzyme. EPR spectra of bound Mn/sup 2 +/ indicate that metal ion binding is unaffected by hydroxylamine modification. However, metal ion binding is weaker to the modified enzyme. Protection from hydroxylamine inactivation is observed with ATP + Glutamate, AMPPNP + Glutamate, and MgCl/sub 2/.
Design of a low-crosstalk half-wavelength pitch nano-structured silicon waveguide array (2019)

An ultra-compact half-wavelength pitch silicon waveguide array with very low crosstalk is proposed and analyzed in this work. We first show the design of a pair of low-crosstalk silicon waveguides with only half-wavelength spacing, where the placement of two thin silicon strips asymmetrically in between the waveguides is key to having very low crosstalk. We next extend this nano-structured two-waveguide design to form a low-crosstalk half-wavelength pitch silicon waveguide array. Coupled-mode theory shows that, for an array length of 1 mm, the insertion loss of the input waveguide is as low as -0.13 dB for the TE-like mode at 1550 nm, and the crosstalk in all other waveguides remains below about -18 dB. This half-wavelength pitch waveguide array also exhibits a favorable fabrication error tolerance when taking into account the waveguide width variations in practice. It offers a promising platform for realization of integrated optical phased arrays for solid-state lidars with a large field of view.
Use of Spanish Broom (Spartium junceumL.) Fibers for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions (2015)

In this work, potential use of Spanish broom fibers for removing from aqueous solutions heavy metal ions such as copper Cu(II) and lead Pb(II) was investigated. The fibers were extracted by DiCoDe (Digestion-Compression-Decompression) process changing experimental conditions. Morphology of fibers was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition, as well as the carboxylic group content, was determined by conventional methods. Various initial concentrations of heavy metal ions were studied to explore potential sorption on cellulose fibers. The results suggest that cellulose fibers, extracted by different conditions of DiCoDe process, are capable of sorbing metal ions.
Engineered affinity proteins for tumour‐targeting applications (2009)

Targeting of tumour-associated antigens is an expanding treatment modality in clinical oncology as an alternative to, or in combination with, conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, external-radiation therapy and surgery. Targeting of antigens that are unique or more highly expressed in tumours than in normal tissues can be used to increase the specificity and reduce the cytotoxic effect on normal tissues. Several targeting agents have been studied for clinical use, where monoclonal antibodies have been the ones most widely used. More than 20 monoclonal antibodies are approved for therapy today and the largest field is oncology. Advances in genetic engineering and in vitro selection technology has enabled the feasible high-throughput generation of monoclonal antibodies, antibody derivatives [e.g. scFvs, Fab molecules, dAbs (single-domain antibodies), diabodies and minibodies] and more recently also non-immunoglobulin scaffold proteins. Several of these affinity proteins have been investigated for both in vivo diagnostics and therapy. Affinity proteins in tumour-targeted therapy can affect tumour progression by altering signal transduction or by delivering a payload of toxin, drug or radionuclide. The ErbB receptor family has been extensively studied as biomarkers in tumour targeting, primarily for therapy using monoclonal antibodies. Two receptors in the ErbB family, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and HER2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2), are overexpressed in various malignancies and associated with poor patient prognosis and are therefore interesting targets for solid tumours. In the present review, strategies are described for tumour targeting of solid tumours using affinity proteins to deliver radionuclides, either for molecular imaging or radiotherapy. Antibodies, antibody derivatives and non-immunoglobulin scaffold proteins are discussed with a certain focus on the affibody (Affibody) molecule.
GeneReader NGS System Is a Useful Sequencing Platform for Clinical Testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2. (2020)

Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used for <i>BRCA1/2</i> sequencing analysis, it involves a fragmented workflow along with complex bioinformatic analysis and interpretation. In this study, the performance characteristics and workflow of the GeneReader NGS System (QIAGEN), including <i>BRCA1/2</i> sequencing, were evaluated. For <i>BRCA1/2</i> genetic testing, we conducted library preparation, emulsion PCR, and sequencing. QCI Analyze software was used for read alignment, quality control, variant calling, and clinical report generation. GeneReader and Sanger sequencing utilized 63 patients with breast or ovarian cancer for comparison. Reproducibility, precision, variant calling, turnaround time, and hands-on time were evaluated. The read percentage in the on-target regions was 90.5%. More than 99.99% of target regions showed read depths ≥100x. Variants generated from GeneReader showed 100% accuracy compared to the Sanger sequencing results. Annotation with GeneReader showed >99.8% concordance with HGVS nomenclature. Single-nucleotide variations and indel variants showed 100% calling reproducibility; the precision for variant frequency showed a 0.3-3.6% coefficient of variation. Most processes involved hands-off time (3714 min, 88.6% of total run time). The GeneReader NGS System for <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> testing showed good analytical performance and a short hands-on time. Because of its integrated sample preparation for bioinformatic interpretation, this system is practical for clinical laboratories.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Amines Involving Biocatalysis and in Situ Free Radical Mediated Racemization (2007)

[reaction: see text] The association of lipase-catalyzed enzymatic resolution with in situ racemization mediated with the thiyl radical enables the dynamic kinetic resolution of non-benzylic amines. It leads to (R)-amides with high enantioselectivities. It can be applied either to the conversion of racemic mixtures or to the inversion of (S)-enantiomers.