gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 3 &#x03BC;W, 400 MHz divide-by-5 injection-locked frequency divider with 56% lock range in 90nm CMOS (2008)

An ultra-low power injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented and demonstrated. Based on a 5-stage single ended ring oscillator, the ILFD achieves a lock range of 56% at a division ratio of 5 in the medical implant communications service (MICS) and the 433 MHz ISM frequency bands. The ILFD is implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. It consumes 3 muW of power from a 1.0 V supply and 100 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of area. The circuit achieves a frequency divider figure-of-merit of 134 GHz/mW.
An Adaptive Hybrid Control Algorithm for Sender-Receiver Clock Synchronization (2022)

This paper presents an innovative hybrid systems approach to the sender-receiver synchronization of timers. Via the hybrid systems framework, we unite the traditional sender-receiver algorithm for clock synchronization with an online, adaptive strategy to achieve synchronization of the clock rates to exponentially synchronize a pair of clocks connected over a network. Following the conventions of the algorithm, clock measurements of the nodes are given at periodic time instants, and each node uses these measurements to achieve synchronization. For this purpose, we introduce a hybrid system model of a network with continuous and impulsive dynamics that captures the sender-receiver algorithm as a state-feedback controller to synchronize the network clocks. Moreover, we provide sufficient design conditions that ensure attractivity of the synchronization set.
Antisense‐mediated depletion of potato leaf ω3 fatty acid desaturase lowers linolenic acid content and reduces gene activation in response to wounding (1999)

Fatty acid omega3 desaturases act on membrane lipids to catalyse the formation of trienoic fatty acids, the most abundant in plant tissues being alpha-linolenic acid. This fatty acid is a precursor of jasmonic acid, a plant growth regulator involved in the control of wound-induced gene activation in plants and in the induction of tuberization in potato. We isolated a potato omega3 desaturase cDNA, possibly encoding a plastidial isoform, and used it to investigate its expression pattern throughout plant development and in response to wounding. Plastidial omega3 desaturase gene transcripts accumulate rapidly upon wounding, preceding the jasmonate-dependent induction of the wound-responsive proteinase inhibitor II gene. We generated transgenic potato plants constitutively expressing an antisense RNA to this plastidial omega3 desaturase. Selected transgenic lines in which the cognate omega3 desaturase mRNA is largely depleted show a marked reduction, of up to 60%, in trienoic acids in leaves and tubers. In these lines, a corresponding reduction in jasmonate content and proteinase inhibitor II expression is observed upon wounding. Our results indicate that a reduction in omega3 desaturase mRNA levels compromises the wound-induced activation of proteinase inhibitor II, suggesting that wound-induced synthesis of linolenic acid is required for jasmonic acid production. The antisense-mediated depletion of fatty acid omega3 desaturases is a viable alternative for reducing trienoic fatty acid content in plant species in which a mutant screening approach is not applicable.
Active control in three-dimensional enclosures using multiple secondary sources and error sensors (1994)

The use of multiple secondary sources and multiple error sensors can significantly improve global attenuation whether one employs a control method based on the squared pressure or energy density. A single source positioned close to a pressure node will be inefficient at exciting the corresponding mode, therefore the secondary modes will dominate the pressure field, and attenuation is unlikely at the related frequency. Increasing the number of secondary sources improves the probability that at least one source will not lie close to a pressure node, thereby mitigating this problem. Problems also arise when error sensors are close to nodes. Adding multiple error sensors increases the probability that the sensors will be able to observe the dominant modes, which will yield improved attenuation. Using a greater number of error sensors than secondary sources will yield a determined control system, with a unique optimal solution. If more sources are used than sensors, an underdetermined control system will result which can be uniquely solved by adding more constraints to the system, such as minimum effort. The performance of the energy density versus squared pressure control methods are compared as they relate to the use of multiple secondary sources and multiple error sensors.
Nocardia Keratitis: A Case Report (2006)

Nocardia keratitis may not respond to 2% topical amikacin and fortified topical 5% amikacin may cause a strong toxic-allergic reaction. A commercially available combination of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and colistin, with ofloxacin, may be effective but the treatment must be continued for several months. Topical steroids should only be used with considerable caution since they can lead to relapse of the infection.
SIMD Vectorization of Histogram Functions (2007)

Existing SIMD extensions cannot efficiently vectorize the histogram function due to memory collisions. We propose two techniques to avoid this problem. In the first, a hierarchical structure of three levels is proposed. In order to provide n-way parallelism, auxiliary arrays that have n and n/2 subarrays are used in the first and second level, respectively. The last level has the primary histogram array. Indirect SIMD load and store instructions are designed in order to access different elements of different subarrays. The different subarrays in the lower levels are merged and finally at the end, the calculated results are stored in the primary histogram array. In the second method, parallel comparators are used in order to count the number of subwords within a media register that are the same. Thereafter, these numbers are added to the values of the histogram array simultaneously. Experimental results obtained by extending the SimpleScalar toolset show that proposed techniques improve the performance compared to the fastest scalar version by a factor of 7.37 and 5.52, respectively.
Genetic comorbidity between major depression and cardio-metabolic disease, stratified by age at onset of major depression (2019)

Abstract Introduction It’s imperative to understand the specific and shared aetiologies of major depression and cardio-metabolic disease, as both traits are frequently comorbid and each represents a major burden to society. This study examined whether there is a genetic association between major depression and cardio-metabolic traits and if this association is stratified by age at onset for major depression. Methods Polygenic risk scores analysis and linkage disequilibrium score regression was performed to examine whether differences in shared genetic aetiology exist between depression case control status (N cases = 40,940, N controls = 67,532), earlier (N = 15,844), and later onset depression (N = 15,800) with body mass index, coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in eleven data sets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Generation Scotland, and UK Biobank. Results All cardio-metabolic polygenic risk scores were associated with depression status. Significant genetic correlations were found between depression and body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Higher polygenic risk for body mass index, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes was associated with both early and later onset depression, while higher polygenic risk for stroke was associated with later onset depression only. Significant genetic correlations were found between body mass index and later onset depression, and between coronary artery disease and both early and late onset depression. Conclusions The phenotypic associations between major depression and cardio-metabolic traits may partly reflect their overlapping genetic aetiology irrespective of the age depression first presents.
Supplementary material from "Electrochemical mapping of oxygenation in the three-dimensional multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid" (2019)

Blood capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to surrounding micro-regions of tissue and carry away metabolic waste. In normal tissue, capillaries are close enough to keep all the cells viable. In solid tumours, the capillary system is chaotic and typical inter-capillary distances are larger than in normal tissue. Therefore, hypoxic regions develop. Drug molecules may not reach these areas at concentrations above the lethal level. The combined effect of low drug concentrations and local hypoxia, often exacerbated by acidity, leads to therapy failure. To better understand the interplay between hypoxia and poor drug penetration, oxygenation needs to be assessed in different areas of inter-capillary tissue. The multicellular tumour spheroid is a well-established three-dimensional (3D) <i>in vitro</i> model of the capillary microenvironment. It is used to mimic nascent tumours and micro-metastases as well. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that dynamic intra-spheroidal oxygen maps can be obtained at the 3D multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid (MCH) using a non-invasive microelectrode array. The same oxygen distributions exist inside the equivalent but less accessible full spheroid. The MCH makes high throughput—high content analysis of spheroids feasible and thus can assist studies on basic cancer biology, drug development and personalized medicine.
Secure matching of dutch car license plates (2016)

License plate matching plays an important role in applications like law enforcement, traffic management and road pricing, where the plate is first recognized and then compared to a database of authorized vehicle registration plates. Unfortunately, there are several privacy related issues that should be taken care of before deploying plate recognition systems. As a scientific solution to privacy concerns, we propose a simple and accurate character recognition scheme combined with an integer matching scheme that is designed to work with encrypted license plates. Our analysis and experimental results show that the deployment of such a system can be deemed possible.
On auxiliary latitudes (2022)

The auxiliary latitudes are essential tools in cartography. This paper summarizes methods for converting between them with an emphasis on providing full double-precision accuracy. This includes series expansions in the third flattening, where the truncation error is precisely measured and where estimates of the radii of convergence are given. Also new formulas are given for computing the rectifying and authalic latitudes with minimal roundoff error.
An efficient schedulability analysis policing technique for periodic, dynamic real-time applications (2002)

Schedulability Analysis (SA) approaches that are based on a priori information and use fixed execution times with constant workloads work well in many application domains and allow pre-deployment guarantees of real-time performance such as Rate Monotonic Analysis (RMA). However, certain realtime applications must operate in highly dynamic environments, thereby precluding accurate characterization of workloads by static models. This leads to the notion that a new SA trigger for dynamic environments, in which applications experience large variations in the workload, needs to guarantee real-time performance during run-time. This paper examines the case of periodic, dynamic real-time systems, and describes an efficient SA policing technique which can trigger SA appropriately, and uses a dynamic threshold which becomes sensitive when the quality of service (QoS) of the dynamic real-time application approaches its deadline.
16 Loosening of Total Hip Replacements with Cement Fixation (1970)

* Part time teacher, Institute of Orthopaedics, University of London; Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stan-more and London, and for the Nationals Hospitals for Nervous Diseases, London. † Reader in Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics, University of London, and Consultant in Biomedical Engineering, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore and London.
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow of Coolant in a Test Blanket Module of Nuclear Fusion Reactor (2011)

Atomic Energy Agency has been performing the research, development and design of a test blanket module with a water-cooled solid breeder for ITER. For our design, the TBM is mainly composed of a first wall, two side walls, a back wall and membrane panels of bulkhead sections for pebbles. The temperature of a coolant pressurized up to 15 MPa is designed as 553 K and 598 K in an inlet and an outlet of the test blanket module, respectively.
Is HOT a Cool Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes? (2012)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells of the islets of Langerhans that results in life-long insulin dependence (1). Given the immunological nature of the disease, numerous antigen-specific as well as nonantigen-specific tolerance induction or immune deviation strategies have been developed as treatments for T1D. Although successful in experimental models, results of studies to translate these strategies to humans have been discouraging (2–5). This has prompted researchers to explore safer, broader, and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches to prevent, treat, and/or revert T1D. In this issue of Diabetes , Faleo et al. (6) show compelling data regarding use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in autoimmune diabetes using nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. This model spontaneously develops T1D, a feature that closely mimics human disease. Faleo et al. (6) show that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) significantly protects from T1D when initiated early in the disease course, but not after its onset, suggesting that this approach could be useful in high-risk individuals.

According to the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, HOT is a process wherein patients breathe 100% oxygen (atmospheric air contains ~21% oxygen) while inside a treatment chamber at a pressure higher than at sea level (usually 2.5 times greater pressure). In 1662, Henshaw, a British clergyman, first used pressurized atmospheric air to treat certain ailments. Since that time, HOT has been used to treat various conditions such as decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism, and carbon monoxide poisoning (with or without …
Frequency weighted linear prediction (2005)

A new spectral distance measure is defined by inserting a multiplicative frequency weighting term into the conventional Itakura-Saito measure. Then the weighting function is a simple one pole function, then the minimization of the distance between a signal spectrum and an arbitrary N-pole filter results in a set of linear equations that is symmetric and solvable by Cholesky decomposition. When the weighting function is a multiple pole function, the resulting spectral distance minimization produces a set of nonlinear algebraic equations, but fortunately a simple method exists for obtaining an approximate solution which can be refined using the Newton- Raphson method. Results of some preliminary trials in applying the technique to LPC vocoding are described.
Adenovirus expressing dual c-Met-specific shRNA exhibits potent antitumor effect through autophagic cell death accompanied by senescence-like phenotypes in glioblastoma cells (2015)

c-Met, a cognate receptor tyrosine kinase of hepatocyte growth factor, is overexpressed and/or mutated in number of tumors. Therefore, abrogation of c-Met signaling may serve as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we generated Ads expressing single shRNA specific to c-Met (shMet) (dl/shMet4 and dl/shMet5) or dual shRNAs specific to c-Met (dl/shMet4+5); and examined the therapeutic potential of these newly engineered Ads in targeting c-Met, and delineated their mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. Ads expressing shMet induced knock-down in c-Met, and phenotypically resulted in autophagy-like features including appearance of membranousvacuoles, formation of acidic vesicular organelles, and cleavage and recruitment of microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 to autophagosomes. Ads expressing shMet also suppressed Akt phosphorylation and increased number of senescence-related gene products including SM22, TGase II, and PAI-1. These changes resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and G2/M arrest of U343 cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection with dl/shMet4+5 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth with corresponding increasing overall survival. Histopathological analysis of these treated tumors revealed that Atg5 was highly up-regulated, indicating the therapeutic induction of autophagy. In sum, these results reveal that autophagic cell death induced by shMet-expressing Ads provide a novel strategy for targeting c-Met-expressing tumors through non-apoptotic mechanism of cell death.
Mixed messages to consumers from Medicare: Hospital Compare grades versus value-based payment penalty. (2018)

Many hospitals with an HF and AMI readmission grade of "no different" than the national rate on Hospital Compare received penalties for excessive readmissions under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. The value signal to consumers and hospitals communicated by grades and penalties is therefore weakened because the methods applied to the same hospital data produce conflicting messages of "average grades" yet "bad enough for penalty."
MICROCRYSTALLINE REFLECTIVITY IN UNIAXIAL CRYSTALS (1975)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Oklahoma
Implementación computacional de un robot móvil con procesamiento distribuido (2014)

Autonomous mobile robots are devices capable of moving and manage themselves
in various environments, known or unknown, with little human supervision. This complex and
inert electromechanic structure gains life when the software properly relates hardware
components to achieve and carry out certain behaviors according to the circumstances. This
software has takes information from sensors and knowledge, both historical and inmediate, and
then produce proper control effects in accordance to the established behavioral and
planification strategy. These tasks are accomplished through adecuate computational
treatment, which turns to be very complex. We will describe the development of distributed
information processment, regarding hardware and software with the aim of achieving most
efficient robot control. In this document we will present the implementation of the computer
architecture of an experimental robotic platform developed in LARMMA2 laboratories. We will
present a novelty in this kind of distributed architecture, as we will work with elemental
processors (microcontrollers) controlling different parts of the robot parallely and concurrently,
and communicating asinchronically with each other in order to accomplish high level objectives,
through dedicated and point to point communication canals, without using a common bus as the
tradicional architectural structure establishes. It is important to indicate that an autonomous
mobile robot was planned and built physically, and significant progress was made on the
establishment of an important variant for the selected navegation system based on the
established mathematical model.
VLSI platform for real-world intelligent integrated systems based on algorithm selection (2013)

A real-world intelligent system consists of three basic modules: environment recognition, prediction (or estimation), and behavior planning. To obtain high quality results in these modules, high speed processing and real time adaptability on a case by case basis are required. In each of the above mentioned modules, many different algorithms and algorithms networks exists and provide various performances on a case by case basis. Thus, a mechanism that for any of the three computational stages selects the best possible algorithm is required. We propose a platform based on the algorithm selection approach to the problem of natural image understanding. This selection mechanism is based on machine learning; a bottom-up algorithm selection from real-world image features and a top-down algorithm selection using information obtained from a high level symbolic world description and algorithm suitability. To accommodate the high-speed processing requirements, the high-frequency of real-time reconfiguration and a low-cost of implementation, we are using present a novel dynamic reconfigurable VLSI processor for real-time adaptation of the algorithm selection. The new architecture includes a finegrain Digital Reconfigurable Processor, a distributed configuration memory to solve the data transfer bottleneck and an intra-chip packet routing scheme to reduce the size of the configuration memory.
pH Dependency in Anode Biofilms of Thermincola ferriacetica Suggests a Proton-Dependent Electrochemical Response (2018)

Monitoring the electrochemical response of anode respiring bacteria (ARB) helps elucidate the fundamental processes of anode respiration and their rate limitations. Understanding these limitations provides insights on how ARB create the complex interfacing of biochemical metabolic processes with insoluble electron acceptors and electronics. In this study, anode biofilms of the thermophilic (60 °C) Gram-positive ARB Thermincola ferriacetica were studied to determine the presence of a proton-dependent electron transfer response. The effects of pH, the presence of an electron donor (acetate), and biofilm growth were varied to determine their influence on the electrochemical midpoint potential ( E<sub>KA</sub>) and formal redox potential ( E°') under nonturnover conditions. The E<sub>KA</sub> and E°' are associated with an enzymatic process within ARB's metabolism that controls the rate and energetic state of their respiration. Results for all conditions indicate that pH was the major contributor to altering the energetics of T. ferriacetica anode biofilms. Electrochemical responses measured in the absence of an electron donor and with a minimal proton gradient within the anode biofilms resulted in a 48 ± 7 mV/pH unit shift in the E°', suggesting a proton-dependent rate-limiting process. Given the limited energy available for anode respiration (<200 mV when using acetate as electron donor), our results provide a new perspective in understanding proton-transport limitations in ARB biofilms, one in which ARB are thermodynamically limited by pH gradients. Since the anode biofilms of all ARB that perform direct extracellular electron transfer (EET) investigated thus far exhibit an n = 1 Nernstian behavior, and because this behavior is affected by changes in pH, we hypothesize that the Nernstian response is associated with membrane proteins responsible for proton translocation. Finally, this study shows that the E<sub>KA</sub> and E°' are a function of pH within the physiological range of ARB, and thus, given the significant effect pH has on this parameter, we recommend reporting the E<sub>KA</sub> and E°' of ARB biofilms at a specific bulk pH.
(Re)Drawing the Line: Australian Regulation of Human-Animal Interspecies Embryos. (2020)

The mixing of human and animal cellular and genetic material is a promising area of science, but inherent societal and safety concerns make such mixing in embryos particularly controversial. The sensitive nature of this research, coupled with science's rapid development, creates problems for policymakers responsible for deciding what practices are and are not permitted in Australia. Australia's regulation in this area, last significantly amended in 2006, is in urgent need of reform. This article investigates what is happening in this fast moving area and the regulatory reforms necessary for Australian scientists to participate.