gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Family DNA Binding in Mouse Epidermis Prevents and Regresses Papillomas (2007)

The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP) are a family of B-ZIP DNA binding proteins that act as transcription factors to regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, including keratinocytes. To examine the consequences of inhibiting the C/EBP family of transcription factors in skin, we generated transgenic mice that use the tetracycline system to conditionally express A-C/EBP, a dominant negative that inhibits the DNA binding of C/EBP family members. We expressed A-C/EBP in the basal layer of the skin epidermis during a two-step skin carcinogenesis protocol. A-C/EBP expression caused hyperplasia of the basal epidermis and increased apoptosis in the suprabasal epidermis. The mice developed fewer papillomas and had systemic hair loss. A-C/EBP expression caused C/EBPbeta protein to disappear whereas C/EBPalpha, p53, Bax, and caspase-3 protein levels were dramatically up-regulated in the suprabasal layer. Primary keratinocytes recapitulate the A-C/EBP induction of cell growth and increase in p53 protein. A-C/EBP expression after papilloma development caused the papillomas to regress with an associated increase in apoptosis and up-regulation of p53 protein. Furthermore, A-C/EBP-expressing mice heterozygous for p53 were more susceptible to papilloma formation, suggesting that the suppression of papilloma formation has a p53-dependent mechanism. These results implicate DNA binding of C/EBP family members as a potential molecular therapeutic target.
A new high performance copper based alloy for electro‐mechanical connectors (2007)

Abstract The precipitation hardened high‐copper alloy CuNi1Co1Si (UNS design. C70350) was developed in two tempers in a high strength spring material for small connector devices. The combination of high strength, moderate conductivity, excellent thermal stability and good formability is explained by the microstructure of the strip material. In comparison to the nickel silicide hardened connector material CuNi3Si (C70250) the cobalt containing mixed silicides improve significantly strength. The weak anisotropy of the spring characteristics is explained by a process‐dependent texture. The good formability is calculated by FEM and proven by standardized bend test, as well as by manufacturing a demonstration part which is similar to a connector.
Protein-RNA linkage and post-translational modifications of two sobemovirus VPgs (2010)

Sobemoviruses possess a viral genome-linked protein (VPg) attached to the 5' end of viral RNA. VPg is processed from the viral polyprotein. In the current study, Cocksfoot mottle virus (CfMV) and Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) VPgs were purified from virions and analysed by mass spectrometry. The cleavage sites in the polyprotein and thereof the termini of VPg were experimentally proven. The lengths of the mature VPgs were determined to be 78 and 79 aa residues, respectively. The amino acid residues covalently linked to RNA in the two VPgs were, surprisingly, not conserved; it is a tyrosine at position 5 of CfMV VPg and serine at position 1 of RYMV VPg. Phosphorylations were identified in CfMV and RYMV VPgs with two positionally similar locations T20/S14 and S71/S72, respectively. RYMV VPg contains an additional phosphorylation site at S41.
Electric field-induced layer deformations in the subphases of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal device (2000)

The layer structure in the antiferroelectric, ferrielectric, and ferroelectric phases of a liquid crystal device is reported, together with its electric field-induced deformation. The field-free chevron angle is comparable to the steric tilt angle, but differs significantly from the optical tilt angle. A sharp field threshold is observed for the chevron to bookshelf transition in the antiferroelectric phase at 1.3 V/μm, while layer deformations occur at much lower fields (0.3 V/μm) in the other subphases. Models are proposed for the layer deformations.
Pathways of Evolution of Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses from 1977 to 1986 as Determined by Oligonucleotide Mapping and Sequencing Studies (1989)

The evolutionary relationships of epidemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses isolated between 1982 and 1986 have been examined by oligonucleotide mapping and partial DNA sequencing. The T1 mapping studies confirmed our previous report that the evolution of the influenza virus genome generally results in an average of four to six oligonucleotide changes per year. Between 1982 and 1986, however, two apparent exceptions to this finding occurred. H1N1 antigenic variants (including the A/Chile/83 and A/Victoria/83 reference strains) that caused influenza outbreaks and epidemics from 1983 to 1984 differed by 20 to 30 oligonucleotides from viruses isolated during the previous influenza season. T1 mapping of individual RNA segments and sequencing revealed that all six internal genes of a representative 1983 A/Chile-like virus were more closely related to genes of non-reassortant H1N1 viruses that circulated from 1977 to 1982 than to genes of H3N2 viruses. Therefore, the 1983 variant viruses were not H1N1-H3N2 reassortants. The A/Taiwan/86-like H1N1 antigenic variants that emerged in south-east Asia in the spring of 1986 and caused epidemic activity the following winter also exhibited changes of 20 to 30 oligonucleotides from the A/Chile/83-like or A/Victoria/83-like H1N1 viruses that circulated during the previous influenza season. Fewer oligonucleotide changes were observed between the 1986 A/Taiwan/86-like and H1N1 viruses isolated before 1983, however, suggesting that the former evolved from viruses that circulated before the 1983 antigenic variants became the predominant H1N1 epidemic virus strains. This was confirmed by sequencing the HA1 domain of the haemagglutinin genes of three A/Taiwan/86-like viruses. These studies provide evidence that other genes of influenza A viruses, in addition to the haemagglutinin gene, may evolve concurrently along two or more separate pathways.
Forestry in Staffordshire (1973)

A brief survey of the woods and forests of Staffordshire, their past history, their extent and composition, and their present day problems and potential.
Oxidation of tervalent organic compounds of phosphorus (1962)

J. I. G. Cadogan, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1962, 16, 208 DOI: 10.1039/QR9621600208
Recycle Dynamics During Centrifugal Compressor ESD, Start-Up and Surge Control (1996)

Recycle systems are important components in the operation of centrifugal compressor stations. They are essential during a start-up operation, for surge protection and for emergency shutdown (ESD). These operations are inherently dynamic where interactions between equipment, control and gas flow occur in a complex manner with the associated risk of compressor surge. Of particular importance are the effects of recycle system capacity, the recycle valve characteristics, check valve dynamic behavior, piping geometry and capacitance around the compressor unit, and the performance characteristics of the centrifugal compressor itself. This paper presents numerical results of the effects of some of these parameters on surge control, ESD and unit startup. These parameters are: i) The effects of damping the surge control flow signal in an attempt to suppress the signal noise, on the integrity of the surge control system, ii) The effects of recycle valve characteristics, stroke time and valve capacity on ESD, iii) The effects of recycle line size on ESD and iv) The effects of the recycle valve closing time (or rate) on the startup operation, with the intent of shortening this time to minimum for environmental reasons. Results were obtained from the solution of the pertinent dynamic equations describing the gas and equipment dynamics which has been verified against field and laboratory measurements. The examples presented in this paper were applied to a 24 MW natural gas compressor station on the NOVA Gas Transmission system, and to a scale-down laboratory model. Influence of other parameters from this investigation were published elsewhere and are cited in the reference section.
Salicylate increases fitness cost associated with MarA-mediated antibiotic resistance (2018)

Abstract Antibiotic resistance is generally associated with a fitness deficit resulting from the burden of producing and maintaining resistance machinery. This additional cost suggests that resistant bacteria will be outcompeted by susceptible bacteria in conditions without antibiotics. However, in practice this process is slow due in part to regulation that minimizes expression of these genes in the absence of antibiotics. This suggests that if it were possible to turn on their expression, the cost would increase, thereby accelerating removal of resistant strains. Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that environmental chemicals can change the fitness cost associated with resistance and therefore have a significant impact on population dynamics. MarA (multiple antibiotic resistance activator) is a clinically important regulator in Escherichia coli which activates downstream genes to increase resistance against multiple classes of antibiotics. Salicylate is an inducer of MarA which can be found in the environment and de-represses marA ’s expression. In this study, we sought to unravel the interplay between salicylate and the fitness cost of MarA-mediated antibiotic resistance. Using salicylate as a natural inducer of MarA, we found that a wide spectrum of concentrations can increase burden in resistant strains compared to susceptible strains. Induction resulted in rapid exclusion of resistant bacteria from mixed populations of antibiotic resistant and susceptible cells. A mathematical model captures the process and predicts its effect in various environmental conditions. Our work provides a quantitative understanding of salicylate exposure on the fitness of different MarA variants, and suggests that salicylate can lead to selection against MarA-mediated resistant strains. More generally, our findings show that natural inducers may serve to bias population membership and could impact antibiotic resistance and other important phenotypes.
Flexible N-Way MIMO Detector on GPU (2012)

This paper proposes a flexible Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) detector on graphics processing units (GPU). MIMO detection is a key technology in broadband wireless system such as LTE, WiMAX, and 802.11n. Existing detectors either use costly sorting for better performance or sacrifice sorting for higher throughput. To achieve good performance with high though put, our detector runs multiple search passes in parallel, where each search pass detects the transmit stream with a different permuted detection order. We show that this flexible detector, including QR decomposition preprocessing, outperforms existing GPU MIMO detectors while maintaining good bit error rate (BER) performance. In addition, this detector can achieve different tradeoffs between throughput and accuracy by changing the number of parallel search passes.
Probing protein conformational changes in living cells by using designer binding proteins: Application to the estrogen receptor (2002)

A challenge in understanding the mechanism of protein function in biology is to establish the correlation between functional form in the intracellular environment and high-resolution structures obtained with in vitro techniques. Here we present a strategy to probe conformational changes of proteins inside cells. Our method involves: (i) engineering binding proteins to different conformations of a target protein, and (ii) using them to sense changes in the surface property of the target in cells. We probed ligand-induced conformational changes of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) ligand-binding domain (LBD). By using yeast two-hybrid techniques, we first performed combinatorial library screening of "monobodies" (small antibody mimics using the scaffold of a fibronectin type III domain) for clones that bind to ER alpha and then characterized their interactions with ER alpha in the nucleus, the native environment of ER alpha, in the presence of various ligands. A library using a highly flexible loop yielded monobodies that specifically recognize a particular ligand complex of ER alpha, and the pattern of monobody specificity was consistent with the structural differences found in known crystal structures of ER alpha-LBD. A more restrained loop library yielded clones that bind both agonist- and antagonist-bound ER alpha. Furthermore, we found that a deletion of the ER alpha F domain that is C-terminally adjacent to the LBD increased the crossreactivity of monobodies to the apo-ER alpha-LBD, suggesting a dynamic nature of the ER alpha-LBD conformation and a role of the F domain in restraining the LBD in an inactive conformation.
Full wave finite-difference time-domain study of lossless acoustic bipolar cylindrical cloak with compressed geometry and complementary media (2015)

Full-wave finite-difference time-domain analysis of a lossless acoustic cloak with complementary media is studied for bipolar cylindrical geometry. The material parameters for the acoustic cloak are obtained by comparing two-dimensional Maxwell's equations in the transverse magnetic polarization and acoustic field equations for general curvilinear coordinates. The permittivity and permeability tensors for the corresponding electromagnetic fields are then obtained by using an effective medium approach in general relativity. The complementary media cancels the phase vectors across the boundaries of the illuminated acoustic waves. It is shown that for the lossless cloak the broadband and illumination direction independent cloaking can be achieved with the proposed structure.
(RP)‐cAMPS inhibits the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase by blocking the cAMP‐induced conformational transition (1995)

(RP)-cAMPS is known to inhibit competitively the cAMP-induced activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The molecular nature of this inhibition, however, is unknown. By monitoring the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of recombinant type I regulatory subunit of PKA under unfolding conditions, a free energy value (delta GDH2O) of 8.23 +/- 0.22 kcal/mol was calculated. The cAMP-free form of the regulatory subunit was less stable with delta GDH2O = 6.04 +/- 0.05 kcal/mol. Native stability was recovered by treatment of the cAMP-free protein with either cAMP or (SP)-cAMPS but not with (RP)-cAMPS. Thus, (RP)-cAMPS binding to the regulatory subunit keeps the protein in a locked conformation, unable to release the catalytic subunit. This finding was further supported by demonstrating that holoenzyme formation was greatly accelerated only when bound cAMP was replaced with (RP)-cAMPS but not with cAMP or (SP)-cAMPS.
Iron Nanoparticles Coated with Amphiphilic Polysiloxane Graft Copolymers: Dispersibility and Contaminant Treatability (2012)

Amphiphilic polysiloxane graft copolymers (APGCs) were used as a delivery vehicle for nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI). The APGCs were designed to enable adsorption onto NZVI surfaces via carboxylic acid anchoring groups and polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafts were used to provide dispersibility in water. Degradation studies were conducted with trichloroethylene (TCE) as the model contaminant. TCE degradation rate with APGC-coated NZVI (CNZVI) was determined to be higher as compared to bare NZVI. The surface normalized degradation rate constants, k(SA) (Lm(2-) h(-1)), for TCE removal by CNZVI and bare NZVI ranged from 0.008 to 0.0760 to 007-0.016, respectively. Shelf life studies conducted over 12 months to access colloidal stability and 6 months to access TCE degradation indicated that colloidal stability and chemical reactivity of CNZVI remained more or less unchanged. The sedimentation characteristics of CNZVI under different ionic strength conditions (0-10 mM) did not change significantly. The steric nature of particle stabilization is expected to improve aquifer injection efficiency of the coated NZVI for groundwater remediation.
Evaluation of Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Function in Children by Human Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (MCI-028) Test. (1993)

A dose of 1.5 micrograms/kg of MCI-028, human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH), was administered intravenously to 38 children with non-endocrine short stature with normal function in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and to 71 children with a disorder in the same axis. Blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were determined to evaluate the axis. The 95% confidence limits of peak responses of ACTH and cortisol in non-endocrine short stature were between 17.2 and 135.3 pg/ml, and between 13.1 and 35.6 micrograms/dl, respectively, and were used as standards for children. When compared with these standards, the hormonal responses in children with various disorders in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis were as follows: in two children with Cushing's syndrome caused by adrenal tumor, ACTH values were decreased and were not responsive to hCRH, while cortisol values, though within the normal limit, were not responsive; in children with primary adrenal insufficiency or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cortisol values were decreased and not responsive, whereas ACTH values tended to be increased and ACTH response high except for 21 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In two cases of pituitary dwarfism complicated with ACTH deficiency, both ACTH and cortisol values were decreased and poorly responsive; and in children who were receiving glucocorticoid, both ACTH and cortisol values tended to be decreased and to respond poorly to hCRH. As for side effects, hot flushing was observed among 8.0% of the subjects after administration of hCRH. But this symptom was not severe and no other side effects of clinical importance were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Primary microcephaly: do all roads lead to Rome? (2009)

The relatively large brain and expanded cerebral cortex of humans is unusual in the animal kingdom and is thought to have promoted our adaptability and success as a species. One approach for investigating neurogenesis is the study of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), in which prenatal brain growth is significantly reduced without an effect on brain structure. To date, eight MCPH loci and five genes have been identified. Unexpectedly, all MCPH proteins are ubiquitous and localise to centrosomes for at least part of the cell cycle. Here, we focus on recent functional studies of MCPH proteins that reveal the centrosome as a final integration point for many regulatory pathways affecting prenatal neurogenesis in mammals.
Kruskal-Katona for convex sets, with applications (2019)

The well-known Kruskal-Katona theorem in combinatorics says that (under mild conditions) every monotone Boolean function $f: \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$ has a nontrivial "density increment." This means that the fraction of inputs of Hamming weight $k+1$ for which $f=1$ is significantly larger than the fraction of inputs of Hamming weight $k$ for which $f=1.$ We prove an analogous statement for convex sets. Informally, our main result says that (under mild conditions) every convex set $K \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ has a nontrivial density increment. This means that the fraction of the radius-$r$ sphere that lies within $K$ is significantly larger than the fraction of the radius-$r'$ sphere that lies within $K$, for $r'$ suitably larger than $r$. For centrally symmetric convex sets we show that our density increment result is essentially optimal. As a consequence of our Kruskal-Katona type theorem, we obtain the first efficient weak learning algorithm for convex sets under the Gaussian distribution. We show that any convex set can be weak learned to advantage $Ω(1/n)$ in $\mathsf{poly}(n)$ time under any Gaussian distribution and that any centrally symmetric convex set can be weak learned to advantage $Ω(1/\sqrt{n})$ in $\mathsf{poly}(n)$ time. We also give an information-theoretic lower bound showing that the latter advantage is essentially optimal for $\mathsf{poly}(n)$ time weak learning algorithms. As another consequence of our Kruskal-Katona theorem, we give the first nontrivial Gaussian noise stability bounds for convex sets at high noise rates. Our results extend the known correspondence between monotone Boolean functions over $ \{0,1\}^n$ and convex bodies in Gaussian space.
Magnetic properties of MnBi1−xRx (R=rare earth) systems (2000)

MnBi crystallizes in a NiAs-type hexagonal crystal structure, exhibits a high uniaxial anisotropy, and is potentially useful as a permanent magnet material. We have examined the effect of partial substitution of Bi with rare earth elements on the magnetic properties of MnBi. MnBi1−xRx (R=Nd, Dy) were prepared by mechanically alloying powders of the constituent elements at liquid nitrogen temperature followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements were performed on powder samples to characterize the samples. We found that in MnBi1−xNdx, coercivity (at room temperature) increases from 0.7 kOe to 6.6 kOe for x=0.0 and 0.3, respectively. In MnBi1−xDyx the coercivity increases from 0.7 kOe to 7.9 kOe for x=0.0 and 0.3. The increase in coercivity may be in part due to the increase in the crystal field anisotropy as Nd or Dy is introduced and in part due to the finer particle size. A magnet made from MnBi shows coercivity of ∼17 kOe. A very fine particle size is considered to be the reason for this high coercivity.
Pain Assessment Using Virtual Reality Facemask During Bone Marrow Aspiration: Prospective Study Including Propensity-Matched Analysis (2022)

Our study did not prove the efficacy of VRF to reduce pain during BMA.
Cloning and Expression of the Chlamydia trachomatis Gene for CTP Synthetase (1995)

A HindIII partial digest Chlamydia trachomatis L2 library in pUC19 was screened for the CTP synthetase gene by functional complementation in CTP synthetase-deficient Escherichia coli JF646. A complementing clone was isolated and contained a recombinant plasmid (pH-1) with a 2.7-kilobase C. trachomatis DNA insert. The entire insert was sequenced and found to encode two complete open reading frames (ORFs) that overlapped by 25 bases and the start of a third ORF that overlapped with ORF2 by 14 bases. The derived amino acid sequence of ORFs 1 and 2 shows 37% identity to kdsB, an E. coli gene that codes for CMP-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid synthetase and 48% identity to pyrG, an E. coli gene that codes for CTP synthetase, respectively. To obtain downstream sequence data for ORF3, colony hybridization screening of the HindIII chlamydial DNA library was used to isolate a second recombinant plasmid (pH-11) that contained a 1.7-kilobase chlamydial DNA insert. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF3 is not significantly homologous to any protein in the translated GenBank data base. Recombinant chlamydial CTP synthetase appears to be similar to the E. coli enzyme in that it is sensitive to inhibition by CTP, requires UTP, ATP, Mg2+, GTP, and glutamine for activity, and can also utilize ammonia as an amidogroup donor.