gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underdetermined DOA Estimation Method for Wideband Signals Using Joint Nonnegative Sparse Bayesian Learning (2017)

Underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for wideband signals by sparse arrays is discussed in the framework of sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). The problem is transformed to recovering multiple nonnegative sparse vectors, which share the same sparse support but correspond to distinct overcomplete basis matrices, from their noise contaminated linear combination vectors. A two-layer Bayesian model is established, and a hyperparameter vector, which reveals the true DOAs, is set to control this common sparsity in the model. The expectation-maximization algorithm is employed to realize this joint nonnegative SBL procedure, which can give the DOA estimation in a few iterations. The proposed method manifests mild computational complexity, and numerical simulation results show that compared with the existing underdetermined DOA estimation methods, it yields superior estimation accuracy, without the prior knowledge of number of sources.
Thermal-Hydraulic and Neutronic Analysis of a Re-Entrant Fuel Channel Design for Pressure-Channel Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (2014)

To address the need to develop new nuclear reactors with higher thermal efficiency, a group of countries, including Canada, have initiated an international collaboration to develop the next generation of nuclear reactors called Generation IV. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Program has narrowed design options of the nuclear reactors to six concepts one of which is the SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR). Among the Generation IV nuclear-reactor concepts, only SCWRs use water as the coolant. The SCWR concept is considered to be an evolution of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs), which comprise 81% of the current fleet of operating nuclear reactors and are categorized under Generation II nuclear reactors. The latter water-cooled reactors have thermal efficiencies in the range of 30–35% while the evolutionary SCWR will have a thermal efficiency of about 40–45%. In terms of a pressure boundary SCWRs are classified into two categories, namely, Pressure Vessel (PV) SCWRs and Pressure Channel (PCh) SCWRs. A generic pressure channel SCWR, which is the focus of this paper, operates at a pressure of 25 MPa with inlet and outlet coolant temperatures of 350 and 625°C, respectively. The high outlet temperature and pressure of the coolant make it possible to improve the thermal efficiency. On the other hand, high operating temperature and pressure of the coolant introduce a challenge for material selection and core design. In this view, there are two major issues that need to be addressed for further development of SCWR. First, the reactor core should be designed, which depends on a fuel channel design (for PCh SCWR). Second, a nuclear fuel and fuel cycle should be selected. Third, materials for core components and other key components should be selected based on material testing and experimental results. Several fuel-channel designs have been proposed for SCWRs. These fuel-channel designs can be classified into two categories: direct-flow and re-entrant channel concepts. The objective of this paper is to study thermal-hydraulic and Neutronic aspects of a re-entrant fuel channel design. With this objective, a thermal-hydraulic code has been developed in MATLAB which calculates the fuel centerline temperature, sheath temperature, coolant temperature and heat transfer coefficient profiles. A lattice code and a diffusion code were used in order to determine the power distribution inside the core. Then, the heat flux in a channel with the maximum thermal power was used as an input into the thermal-hydraulic code. This paper presents the fuel centerline temperature of a newly designed fuel bundle with UO2 as a reference fuel. The results show that the maximum fuel centerline temperature and the sheath temperature exceed the temperature limits of 1850°C and 850°C for fuel and sheath, respectively.
Bioreducible polyethylenimine nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of nucleic acids (2015)

Recently, non-viral vectors for nucleic acid delivery have received considerable attention. Among the various non-viral vectors, branched polyethylenimine (bPEI, 25 kDa) has been one of the most widely used carrier systems due to its high transfection efficiency, however, it imparts high cytotoxicity. In this study, we have crosslinked bPEI with a bioreducible linker, 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (DTPA), via electrostatic interactions to obtain DTPA crosslinked bPEI (DP) nanoparticles. The crosslinking significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles. To arrive at the best formulation in terms of nucleic acid transfection, a series of DP nanoparticles were prepared by varying the percentage of crosslinking. The dual action of DTPA, i.e. partial blocking of the charge density as well as crosslinking to convert bPEI into its nanoparticles, did not alter the pDNA condensation ability of the so-formed nanoparticles, rather the strategy favoured the unpackaging of the complexes inside the cells improving the release of pDNA, which resulted in a higher transfection efficiency. All the formulations carried nucleic acids inside the cells and exhibited significantly higher transfection efficiencies than native bPEI and the commercial transfection reagent, Lipofectamine™. Sequential siRNA delivery displayed significant suppression in the target gene expression. All together, the evaluation of the delivery systems demonstrates that the newly synthesized DP NPs are quite promising as non-viral gene carriers.
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in rural Matlab, Bangladesh (2012)

Our results suggest that TB in rural Bangladesh is caused primarily by reactivation of latent infections involving TbD1 intact strains, overlaid with the recent emergence of Beijing strain clusters that include multidrug-resistant isolates.
The Role of Supercritical Water in Pyrolysis of Carbonaceous Compounds (2013)

Supercritical water (SCW) has been studied widely for upgrading complex and low-value carbonaceous materials due to its ability to depress coke formation and improve product quality. Many researchers attributed these effects to SCW’s hydrogen donation ability, including H• and H+, while others to physical effects, such as the cage effect or the solvent effect. To clarify the role of SCW, three probe compounds, naphthalene, p-benzoquinone, and azobenzene, are treated individually in SCW at 400 °C and 25.3 MPa, and their products are analyzed and compared with the products obtained under other conditions, including hot compressed water, SCW with tetralin, and an inert atmosphere with or without tetralin. The products from reaction of the compounds with HO• or HO– are used as the key indicators to identify the hydrogen donation ability of SCW. Results indicate that SCW cannot donate H• radicals and condensation of carbonaceous materials is responsible for generation of H• in the temperature range of SCW. H+ may play a role at a higher extent of water ionization. The different product distribution under the SCW conditions from the inert atmosphere can be attributed mainly to the increased dispersion of radicals due to the solvent effect of SCW.
Surgical approaches to the petrous apex (2020)

The petrous apex is a difficult to reach surgical area due to its deep position in the skull base and many vital surrounding structures. Petrous apex pathology ranges from extradural cholesterol granulomas, cholesteatomas, asymmetric pneumatization, and osteomyelitis to intradural meningiomas and schwannomas. Certain lesions, such as cholesterol granulomas, can be managed with drainage while neoplastic lesions must be completely resected. Surgical options use open, endoscopic, and combined techniques and are categorized into anterior, lateral, and posterior approaches. The choice of approach is determined by the nature of the pathology and location relative to vital structures and extension into surrounding structures and requires thorough preoperative evaluation and discussion of surgical goals with the patient. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to discuss the most commonly used surgical approaches to the petrous apex, and the anatomy on which these approaches are based.
Superconductivity and Phase Transitions in Compressed Si to 45 GPa (1986)

A diamond-anvil cell is used to measure the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ in both primitive hexagonal and hexagonal-close-packed Si up to 45 GPa. The experimental results verify the prediction of superconductivity in hcp Si and the measured curve of ${T}_{c}$ versus pressure is found to be in good qualitative agreement with theory, in contrast to a recent experiment by Lin et al. who claim complete disagreement with theory.
Gaseous abundances in M82 (2005)

We present the preliminary analysis of a deep (100ks) XMM-Newton observation of M82. The spatial distribution of the abundances of chemical elements (Fe, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S) is investigated through narrow-band imaging analisys and spatially-resolved spectroscopy. We find that the abundances of alpha-elements follow a bipolar distribution, these elements being more abundant in the gaseous outflow than in the galaxy centre. This behaviour is found to be more marked for lighter elements (O, Ne) than for heavier elements.
Lesion defined by Multiparametric MRI ISODATA correlates well with neurological deficit and PWI (2001)

P59 OBJECTIVE: To show that the lesion defined by ISODATA (Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique) has a greater correlation with the deficit on perfusion weighted image (PWI) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) compared to the lesion defined by diffusion weighted image (DWI) or T2 weighted image (T2WI). BACKGROUND: Early in the course of acute ischemic stroke, the PWI lesion area is usually larger than the DWI or T2WI lesion areas, and correlates best with clinical neurological deficit. The computer segmentation algorithm ISODATA integrates different MRI parameters (DWI, T2WI, T1WI) and provides complimentary information about status of the tissue. METHODS: We obtained MRI parameters of DWI, T2WI and T1WI from 11 patients at two time points after stroke, the acute (&lt;12 hrs) and chronic (3 months). The clinical neurological deficit was graded by the NIHSS at each time point. PWI was obtained at the acute time point. Relative mean transit time images (rMTT) were used to define the perfusion deficit. We compared PWI deficit area with DWI, ISODATA and T2WI lesion of the same location. The lesion areas were also correlated with NIHSS at acute time point. At chronic time point T2WI and ISODATA lesion volumes were compared with NIHSS. RESULTS: In acute phase PWI lesion area correlated best with NIHSS (r=0.72, p&lt;0.05), followed by ISODATA (r=0.62, p&lt;0.05), DWI (r =0.51, p&lt;0.05) &amp; T2WI (r=0.21, p&lt;0.05) lesion areas. ISODATA correlated best with PWI lesion (r=0.90, p&lt;0.05), and outperformed DWI (r=0.63, p&lt;0.05) and T2WI (r= 0.48, p&lt;0.05). We also noticed at chronic time point that there is a good correlation between ISODATA and T2WI(r= 0.97, p&lt;0.05), ISODATA and NIHSS (r= 0.70, p&lt;0.0.5), T2WI and NIHSS (r=0.68, p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: This preliminary study shows that the integrated ISODATA approach to tissue segmentation discriminates abnormal from normal tissue at each time point after stroke. The area of the ISODATA defined lesion correlates well with PWI at the acute and T2WI at the chronic time point and the clinical neurological status of the patient.
Estimating DNAPL Composition and VOC Dilution from Extraction Well Data (1995)

Abstract Field data from a large‐scale ground‐water extraction system at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina indicate that considerable dilution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs at extraction wells when compared with the effective solubilities of the VOC components (TCE and PCE) in the dense, nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone. This dilution is believed to be due to the convergence of both contaminated and uncontaminated streamtubes on the extraction wells studied. Thus, the measured concentrations of dissolved VOCs in extraction wells appear to be principally functions of (1) the effective solubilities of the DNAPL components, and (2) the dilution due to streamtube convergence on the extraction wells. A simple method for computing DNAPL composition and the dilution factor from extraction well data is presented for the case when dilution is the dominant mechanism that causes the measured ground‐water concentrations of dissolved VOC components to be significantly less than their respective effective solubilities relative to the DNAPL mixture. This method successfully computes the molar composition of a PCE/ TCE DNAPL, bailed from a pair of monitor wells at the Savannah River Site, using the measured concentrations of PCE and TCE in ground waters from the same pair of wells. The method is then used to predict the variation of DNAPL composition within the aquifer from VOC data sampled at all 11 extraction wells. Such information is of considerable use in choosing solvent‐specific surfactants for enhanced remediation operations.
Repression of Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-4 Promoters by Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 (1996)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) secreted by activated but not by resting mature T cells are pleiotropic cytokines affecting growth and differentiation of diverse cell types, such as T cells, B cells, and mast cells. There is little information about the molecular basis for the constitutive repression of IL-2 and IL-4 gene expression in unstimulated T cells. We investigated the possibility that wild-type (wt) p53, a nuclear tumor suppressor protein, might serve to repress IL-2 and IL-4 gene expression in murine E14 T lymphoma and in human Jurkat cells. We transiently cotransfected these cells with constitutive simian virus 40 (SV 40) early promoter expression plasmids overproducing wt or mutant murine p53 and with appropriate luciferase (luc) reporter plasmids containing the promoter elements of murine IL-2 and IL-4 genes to evaluate the effect of various p53 species on these promoters. Murine wt p53 derived from pSG5p53cD strongly repressed the IL-2 and IL-4 promoters in both cell lines induced by the phorbol ester TPA and the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin but not, however, in uninduced cells. In similar transient transfection experiments with lymphoma cells, overexpression of deletion mutant species of murine p53 revealed that the N-terminal and C-terminal domains are crucial for inhibition of both IL-2 and IL-4 gene expression. These parts of p53 comprise the transactivation domain at the amino terminal side, which has previously also been shown to interact with the TATA-box binding-protein TBP and the carboxy-terminal oligomerization domain. Additionally, it was shown that a previously described inhibitory protein, the high-mobility-group protein HMG-I/Y, does not functionally interact with p53. Cotransfection of expression plasmids for both p53 and HMG-I/Y did not alter the extent of inhibition by the individual proteins. These data suggest that p53 can downmodulate both IL-2 and IL-4 gene expression and that both the transactivation and oligomerization domains of the tumor suppressor protein are essential for this transcriptional repression.
Stroke patients ready for discharge from acute care- a multi-dimensional assessment of functions and further care (1999)

It is important to secure continuing adequate care and rehabilitation for elderly severely impaired stroke patients being discharged early from acute care hospitals.
Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Hemosiderosis Among Infants—Cleveland, January 1993-November 1994 (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Practical management of ibrutinib in the real life: Focus on atrial fibrillation and bleeding (2018)

The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (IB) has attained an important role in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia, significantly improving clinical outcomes. However, IB therapy has been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and bleeding. We report on the expert opinion that a group of Italian haematologists, cardiologists, and pharmacologists jointly released to improve the practical management of patients at risk for AF and bleeding during treatment with IB. A proper pretreatment assessment to identify patients who are at a higher risk, careful choice of concomitant drugs, regular monitoring, and multispecialist approach were characterized as the main principles of clinical management of these patients. For patients developing AF, anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy must be guided by considerations about efficacy, safety, and risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with IB. For patients experiencing bleeding or requiring procedures that increase the risk of bleeding, considerations about platelet turnover, IB-related platelet dysfunctions, and bleeding worsening by concomitant anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents provide clues to manage bleeding. Overall, AF and bleeding are manageable clinical events in patients receiving IB, not requiring drug interruption in most cases. Preexisting AF should not represent an absolute contraindication to IB therapy. For each patient candidate for IB, strategies of risk assessment and mitigation may allow to exploit the life-saving effects of in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma.
The complete sequence of the human intermediate filament chain keratin 10. Subdomainal divisions and model for folding of end domain sequences. (1988)

We present the complete amino acid sequence of the human keratin 10 (type I) intermediate filament chain expressed in terminally differentiated epidermal cells. Comparisons of this sequence with its mouse and bovine counterparts allow us to describe structural features of the functional end domains. First, sections of their respective end domains are highly conserved and permit a redefinition of earlier models for their subdomainal organization. The amino-terminal end domain consists of El, the first 57-58 residues that are basic, glycine-rich, and have been highly conserved among the three species; V1, a region of well-defined quasi repeats of the motif aliphatic-serine/glycinen; and H1, a newly recognized short acidic sequence that has been conserved among the type I keratin family. The carboxyl-terminal end consists of V2 and E2 whose properties but not sequence resemble V1 and E1, respectively. Second, since the E1, H1, and E2 sequences have been highly conserved between the three species, we suggest they are critical elements in defining intermediate filament function. Third, we note that the E and V sequences of the keratin 10 (and other keratin) chains share many properties in common with protein chain turns found in globular proteins. We therefore propose a model in which these sequences form omega loop-like structures (Leszczynski, J. N. & Rose, G. D. (1986) Science 234, 849-855) on the surface of keratin intermediate filaments. This represents the first specific proposal for the end domain structure of any intermediate filament chain.
Approximate Nonlinear Filters and Deterministic Filter Gains (1972)

A simple nonlinear filter construction and performance evaluation method is described and illustrated on several examples by comparing it to more complex nonlinear filter schemes. In the new method, the filter gain is a precomputed, deterministic quantity (possibly a constant) and, the filter’s performance is (approximately) described by deterministic differential equations which can be solved off-line.
Identifying Gene Expression Programs of Cell-type Identity and Cellular Activity with Single-Cell RNA-Seq (2018)

Abstract Identifying gene expression programs underlying both cell-type identity and cellular activities (e.g. life-cycle processes, responses to environmental cues) is crucial for understanding the organization of cells and tissues. Although single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) can quantify transcripts in individual cells, each cell’s expression profile may be a mixture of both types of programs, making them difficult to disentangle. Here we illustrate and enhance the use of matrix factorization as a solution to this problem. We show with simulations that a method that we call consensus non-negative matrix factorization (cNMF) accurately infers identity and activity programs, including the relative contribution of programs in each cell. Applied to published brain organoid and visual cortex scRNA-Seq datasets, cNMF refines the hierarchy of cell types and identifies both expected (e.g. cell cycle and hypoxia) and intriguing novel activity programs. We propose that one of the novel programs may reflect a neurosecretory phenotype and a second may underlie the formation of neuronal synapses. We make cNMF available to the community and illustrate how this approach can provide key insights into gene expression variation within and between cell types.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Chapecoderin A: Absolute Configuration of the Natural Product. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Hydroxyenol Ethers into Spiroacetals. Evidence for the Position of the Transition State and Its Implication on the Stereoelectronic Effects in Acetal Formation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ratio of 8-Hydroxyguanine in Intact DNA to Free 8-Hydroxyguanine Is Increased in Alzheimer Disease Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid (2001)

Although the data for each individual measurement demonstrates overlap between patients with AD and control subjects, the ratio of 8-OHG intact in DNA to free 8-OHG demonstrates a delineation between patients with AD and control 8-OHG subjects and may be useful as a marker of disease progression or the efficacy of therapeutic antioxidant intervention.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chirally Deuteriatedsn-Glycerols (1989)

(1S)-[1-2H]-.sn-Glycerol (la) was obtained in three steps from (6S)-2H]-1,6-anhydro-β-d-galactopyranose and converted to the (lR)-isomer (lb) via an SN2 reaction of a 1-O-methane- sulfonylated derivative. The 1H and 13C-NMR spectra well characterized their structure and stereo-chemistry.