gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependencies of ternary ion–molecule association reactions yielding N+3, N+4, and (CO)+2 (1991)

The temperature dependencies of four ternary positive ion–molecule association reactions yielding the products N+3, N+4, and (CO)+2 have been studied using a high pressure pulsed source. The pressure range 0.5 to 4.0 Torr and the temperature range 220 to 500 K were examined. When the experiments were conducted in a pure gas, the third-order rate coefficients were found to follow an overall T−n dependence with 2.1≤n≤2.4. For the case of N+4 formation in a mixture of helium and nitrogen, a power law dependence was not found. The measured pressure and temperature dependencies indicate that the low-pressure limit for all of the reactions extends to neutral number densities as high as 1017 cm−3 throughout the experimental temperature range. The measurements support the existence of a temperature dependence in the stabilization of the intermediate complex for both molecular and atomic third bodies. The results are discussed in light of current models of the ternary association process.
Pressure induced changes in liquid alkane chain conformation (1979)

Conformations of n-alkane molecules in the liquid state have been studied as a function of temperature and pressure using Raman scattering. Observations of conformationally sensitive Raman bands in hexane, heptane, octane, and hexadecane reveal no sign of the pressure-induced effects in polyethylene. Instead the Raman intensities indicate chain kinking as a function of pressure—a dramatic effect in the shorter chains, a slight effect for hexadecane. A theory based on considerations of conformational energy and translational entropy is presented which explains these effects qualitatively.
TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Decision Modeling Approach for Biolubricant Selection for Two-Stroke Petrol Engines (2015)

Exhaust pollutants from two-stroke petrol engines are a problem for the environment. Biolubricants are a new generation of renewable and eco-friendly vegetable-based lubricants, which have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this paper, the applicability of the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to support the process of building the scoring system for selecting an appropriate two-stroke lubricant has been analyzed. For this purpose, biolubricants (TMP-triesters) based on castor oil, palm oil, and waste cooking oil were produced and then utilized in a 200 cc two-stroke gasoline engine to investigate their effects on its performance and exhaust emissions. The results obtained from the use of the entropy technique in the TOPSIS algorithm showed that palm oil-based lubricant took up the greatest distance from the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS) and was selected as the most optimal lubricant for these types of engines.
Investigation on the Initial Hot-Carrier Injection in P-LDMOS Transistors With Shallow Trench Isolation Structure (2008)

In this paper, early-stage hot-electron generation is shown to inject electrons into the shallow trench isolation (STI) edge above the drift region that causes the linear-region drain current to increase abruptly in the first moment of the stress for P-LDMOS transistors. After this early-stage carrier trapping, the transistor exhibits normal hot-carrier degradation during the following stress period. To further study this phenomenon, the geometry and the doping profile of the drift region near the STI edge and the polysilicon gate doping area are changed to investigate the initial I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DLIN</sub> increase. Two-dimensional device simulator is used to analyze the experimental results. It is proven that the amount of current increase strongly depends on the distance from the maximum impact ionization generation rate point to the STI.
Iron Deficiency Promotes the Lack of Photosynthetic Cytochrome c550 and Affects the Binding of the Luminal Extrinsic Subunits to Photosystem II in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (2022)

In the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>, iron limitation promotes a decrease in the content of photosystem II, as determined by measurements of oxygen-evolving activity, thermoluminescence, chlorophyll fluorescence analyses and protein quantification methods. Thermoluminescence experiments also indicate that iron limitation induces subtle changes in the energetics of the recombination reaction between reduced Q<sub>B</sub> and the S<sub>2</sub>/S<sub>3</sub> states of the water-splitting machinery. However, electron transfer from Q<sub>A</sub> to Q<sub>B</sub>, involving non-heme iron, seems not to be significantly inhibited. Moreover, iron deficiency promotes a severe decrease in the content of the extrinsic PsbV/cytochrome <i>c</i><sub>550</sub> subunit of photosystem II, which appears in eukaryotic algae from the red photosynthetic lineage (including diatoms) but is absent in green algae and plants. The decline in the content of cytochrome <i>c</i><sub>550</sub> under iron-limiting conditions is accompanied by a decrease in the binding of this protein to photosystem II, and also of the extrinsic PsbO subunit. We propose that the lack of cytochrome <i>c</i><sub>550</sub>, induced by iron deficiency, specifically affects the binding of other extrinsic subunits of photosystem II, as previously described in cyanobacterial PsbV mutants.
Driving performance improvement of the interferometric display device (IDD) (2002)

Performance of the IDD, which is one kind of display device, has been improved. The IDD consists of a driving half mirror and a substrate mirror, which construct an interferometer. It is possible for the IDD to create all the colors of the rainbow in only one pixel. To realize the device, a parallel driving and a precise flatness are required for the driving mirror. To solve those problems, a new structure is proposed in this paper. With respect to the new structure, light interference in the pixel is caused by an optical path difference between the driving half mirror suspended by leaf-springs and a floating half mirror isolated electrically by SiO2 layers. The driving mirror can be moved by the voltage applied between the driving mirror and a transparent electrode which is located under the floating mirror. This structure contributes to the removal of the hysteresis mirror movement, realization of stable driving and higher display contrast. By experiments using fabricated IDDs, improvements of interferometric characteristics and hysteresis property are confirmed.
Application of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty to Coronary Arterial Stenosis in Kawasaki Disease (1996)

In cases in which patients show significant localized stenosis as a result of Kawasaki disease, PTCA should be attempted within 6 to 8 years of the onset of the disease. Additionally, intravascular ultrasound imaging was found to be a useful tool for evaluating internal morphology before and after PTCA. In older patients with coronary calcification, other alternatives to PTCA, such as the use of a rotablator or an atherectomy catheter, should be considered.
Constrained Capacities for Faster-Than-Nyquist Signaling (2009)

This paper deals with capacity computations of faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. It shows that the capacity of FTN is higher than the orthogonal pulse linear modulation capacity for all pulse shapes except the sinc. FTN signals can in fact achieve the ultimate capacity for the signal power spectral density (PSD). The paper lower- and upper-bounds the FTN capacity under the constraint of finite input alphabet. It is often higher than the capacity for comparable orthogonal pulse systems; sometimes it is superior to all forms of orthogonal signaling with the same PSD.
Conformational variation of the central CG site in d(ATGACGTCAT)2 and d(GAAAACGTTTTC)2 (1999)

The determination of the solution structure of two self-complementary oligomers d(ATGACGTCAT)2 (CG10) and d(GAAAACGTTTTC)2 (CG12), both containing the 5'-pur-ACGT-pyr-3' sequence, is reported. The impact of the base context on the conformation of the central CpG site has been examined by a combined approach of: (a) 2D 1H-NMR and 31P-NMR; (b) molecular mechanics under experimental constraints; (c) back-calculations of NOESY spectra and iterative refinements of distances; and (d) 3D-homology search of the central tetrad ACGT within the complete oligonucleotides. A full NMR study of each fragment is achieved by means of standard 2D experiments: NOESY, 2D homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy, double-quantum-filtered COSY and heteronuclear 1H-31P correlation. Sugar phase angle, epsilon-zeta difference angle and NOE-derived distances are input as experimental constraints to generate molecular models by energy minimization with the help of jumna. The morass program is used to iteratively refine the structures obtained. The similarity of the two ACGTs within the whole oligonucleotides is investigated. Both the decamer and the dodecamer adopt a B-like DNA conformation. However, the helical parameters within this conformational type are significantly different in CG12 and CG10. The central CpG step conformation is not locked by its nearest environment (5'A and 3'T) as seen from the structural analysis of ACGT in the two molecules. In CG12, despite the presence of runs of A-T pairs, CpG presents a high twist of 43 degrees and a sugar phase at the guanine of about 180 degrees, previously observed in other ACGT-containing-oligomers. Conversely, ACGT in CG10 exhibits strong inclinations, positive rolls, a flat profile of sugar phase, twist and glycosidic angles, as a result of the nucleotide sequence extending beyond the tetrad. The structural specificity of CG10 and its flexibility (as reflected by its energy) are tentatively related to the process of recognition of the cyclic AMP response element by its cognate protein.
Development of a full‐length human protein production pipeline (2014)

There are many proteomic applications that require large collections of purified protein, but parallel production of large numbers of different proteins remains a very challenging task. To help meet the needs of the scientific community, we have developed a human protein production pipeline. Using high-throughput (HT) methods, we transferred the genes of 31 full-length proteins into three expression vectors, and expressed the collection as N-terminal HaloTag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and two commercial cell-free (CF) systems, wheat germ extract (WGE) and HeLa cell extract (HCE). Expression was assessed by labeling the fusion proteins specifically and covalently with a fluorescent HaloTag ligand and detecting its fluorescence on a LabChip(®) GX microfluidic capillary gel electrophoresis instrument. This automated, HT assay provided both qualitative and quantitative assessment of recombinant protein. E. coli was only capable of expressing 20% of the test collection in the supernatant fraction with ≥20 μg yields, whereas CF systems had ≥83% success rates. We purified expressed proteins using an automated HaloTag purification method. We purified 20, 33, and 42% of the test collection from E. coli, WGE, and HCE, respectively, with yields ≥1 μg and ≥90% purity. Based on these observations, we have developed a triage strategy for producing full-length human proteins in these three expression systems.
Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared via Pretreatment Based on Oxone® Oxidation (2017)

Softwood sulfite bleached cellulose pulp was oxidized with Oxone<sup>®</sup> and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were produced after mechanical treatment with a high-shear homogenizer. UV-vis transmittance of dispersions of oxidized cellulose with different degrees of mechanical treatment was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of samples prepared from the translucent dispersions showed individualized cellulose nanofibers with a width of about 10 nm and lengths of a few hundred nm. All results demonstrated that more translucent CNF dispersions could be obtained after the pretreatment of cellulose pulp by Oxone<sup>®</sup> oxidation compared with the samples produced without pretreatment. The intrinsic viscosity of the cellulose decreased after oxidation and was further reduced after mechanical treatment. Almost translucent cellulose films were prepared from the dispersions of individualized cellulose nanofibers. The procedure described herein constitutes a green, novel, and efficient route to access CNF.
A modified Oldershaw column for distillation efficiency measurements (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA modified Oldershaw column for distillation efficiency measurementsMohammad A. Kalbassi and Michael W. BiddulphCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 6, 1127–1132Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00066a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00066a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microstructure and High Temperature Deformation of Grain Refined Al Alloy Foil Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering (2005)

The present paper describes microstructure and mechanical properties of a grain refined Al alloy foils fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering method utilizing a commercial 7475Al alloy as a sputtering target. Microstructure of deposited foils was evaluated by means of SEM, TEM, SEM-EPMA and X-ray diffraction methods. Mechanical properties were analyzed by the Vickers hardness test and by tensile test at various temperatures. Columnar grains having a mixed grain size ranging from some hundreds microns to 1 micron on the planar section was obtained, and the foils were super-saturated solid solution with FCC structure. The foils contained less Mg content than the sputtering target. Superplastic deformation was observed for the foils at elevated temperature and the maximum elongation of 370% was obtained when deformed at 863K with the initial strain rate of 1.4 x 10-1s-1.
PPARs in Cellular and Whole Body Energy Metabolism (2019)

<p class="MDPI31text" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;">At no other time in its history has humankind been as concerned about good health. Lifestyle habits are promoted as indispensable allies for the daily prevention against so-called metabolic diseases. Paradoxically, the world has never been so obese, while the beauty canons have never been so skinny! However, there is more to energy balance than alterations in body weight. In the 1990s, it was found that fatty acids not only function as fuel molecules only, but also serve as signaling molecules. They bind nuclear hormone receptors, the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, commonly referred to by the acronym PPARs. PPARs are transcription factors that directly control the expression of genes of metabolism, thereby impacting a multitude of pathways crucial for whole body physiology. PPARs are also activated by synthetic agonists, which are drugs used for lowering triglycerides and blood sugar. This book features articles that address tools for the identification of novel PPAR ligands, as well as the roles of the receptors in several organs, such as the brain, heart, liver, adipose tissue, gut, and muscle. As such, this book documents the multifaceted roles of these nuclear receptors that continue to attract significant attention, not least because of their still not fully realized potential to treat several health conditions.</span>
Structural Characterization of Atomic Layer Deposited Vanadium Dioxide (2017)

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a promising smart material particularly appealing for added functionality in both electronic and optical applications. We investigate the structure of VO2 films fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on c-Al2O3 substrates and the structure of the same VO2 films after an optimized anneal for 2 h at 585 °C in 10–5 Torr O2. Synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements revealed that the as-deposited ALD VO2 contains small crystalline inclusions of both V2O5 and VO. Ex situ annealing of the ALD VO2 film results in formation of mixed phase VO2 (predominantly M1 with indications of a small amount of M2), with a twinned monoclinic structure that is highly oriented and lattice matched to the c-Al2O3 substrate. Using in situ temperature-dependent measurements, the M1 and M2 components were shown to transition across different temperature ranges, which could account for the hysteretic behavior seen in these VO2 thin films. Additionally, these high-quality crystalline VO2 films exhibit a 50% transmission modulation at a wavelength of 2 μm, with only a 35 nm thick VO2 film.
Genetic Fusion of Thermoresponsive Polypeptides with UCST‐type Behavior Mediates 1D Assembly of Coiled‐Coil Bundlemers (2023)

Abstract Thermoresponsive resilin‐like polypeptides (RLPs) of various lengths were genetically fused to two different computationally designed coiled coil‐forming peptides with distinct thermal stability, to develop new strategies to assemble coiled coil peptides via temperature‐triggered phase separation of the RLP units. Their successful production in bacterial expression hosts was verified via gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and amino acid analysis. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible (UV/Vis) turbidimetry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements confirmed the stability of the coiled coils and showed that the thermosensitive phase behavior of the RLPs was preserved in the genetically fused hybrid polypeptides. Cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy and coarse‐grained modeling revealed that functionalizing the coiled coils with thermoresponsive RLPs leads to their thermally triggered noncovalent assembly into nanofibrillar assemblies.
Estimation of Functional Values of Field-Resistance Genes to Blast Disease in Some Rice Varieties. (1994)

F3 Iines of the hybrids of some varieties and Japanese susceptible varieties were tested with two Japanese blast fungus strains, Ken 54-20 (race number, 003.0) and Ao 14-20 (337.3), to learn the mode of inheritance of blast resistance. Varieties used were as follows : Chinese varieties (Sifeng 43, Quan-wei-ai and Nan Jing 11), Korean varieties (Milyang 23, Raekyeong, Ir 338), IRRI's varieties (IR 24, IR 36 and IR 2061), Indian varieties (RP 9-3 and CR 44), and Hokuriku 129 (Habataki). Analyses after tests were carried out by cumulative frequency distribution curve method by Kiyosawa. In this study, plants were divided into three groups, r, m and s, based on the degree of resistance, and resistance genes were divided into two. One was the major gene which had a functional value of 1 and the other was the minor gene which had a functional value lower than 1 in a segregation of r : (m+s). The functional value of 1 means that plants which had its genotype show resistant reaction in 100 % of plants. The resistance of these varieties was explained by assuming some major genes and minor genes. Sifeng 43 has one major gene and one minor gene. Quan-wei-ai and Nan Jing 11 have two minor genes with their additive (or complementary) effect. It was suggested that there are minor genes controlling resistance in intermediate type (m) in Milyang 23, Raekyeong, Iri 338. IR 24 and IR 36. IR 2061 has two or more major genes and some minor genes. Resistance of Hokuriku 129 was explained by two major genes. At the least, Milyang 23, Raekyeong, Iri 338, IR 24, IR 36 and CR 44 were suggested to have Pi-b.
Comprehensive Quality Investigations of Wire-feed Additive Manufacturing based on Machine Learning of Experimental Data (2021)

Wire-feed Laser-based Additive Manufacturing has gained attention for years with its promises of high-level automation, reducing materials waste, overall costs, and large-scale volume production. However, comprehensive quality quantification and control are difficult to implement due to the limitation of dimensionality and cost of experimental data that traditional trial and error methods and computational methods can handle. To enable quality control of desired part geometry and microstructural properties of the part, this study proposes a comprehensive quality investigation framework based on learning from experimental data. Specifically, experimental data across various process variables and output properties in terms of bead overall quality, geometry (i.g. bead height, fusion zone depth, etc.), and microstructural properties are collected. The predictive process-property relations are then modeled with data-driven ML classification and regression models. The multiple properties of the printed bead are predicted on processing space based on a 3-dimensional contour map. The insights and impacts of process variables on bead morphology, geometric and microstructural properties are comprehensively investigated. The processing parameters leaned by the models can rapidly designing materials with desired functional properties.
High performance mixed-logic asynchronous datapaths with overlapped execution circuits (2000)

Abstract This paper deals with a new approach to the design of high-performance asynchronous pipelined datapaths. A novel methodology to implement the self-timed stages of a data-path is demonstrated. It is based on the use of both static and dynamic CMOS modules. The former act as overlapped execution circuits and anticipate their computation with respect to the dynamic blocks. An appropriate four-phase protocol able to orchestrate the proposed architecture and a new efficient handshake circuit are described. The above method, applied to a 32-bit addition stage, allows a performance gain to be obtained of up to about 40% and a reduction in power dissipation of about 33%, with a reasonable area overhead compared with conventional designs.
High‐field conduction and carrier traps in polyethylene copolymerized with various monomers (1992)

Abstract The electrical breakdown and electrical conduction of ethylene copolymers have been studied. The electric strength of ethylene copolymers containing an optimum content of halogen moieties such as bromophenyl and fluoroethylene groups was found to be higher than that of LDPE over the wide temperature range from −196°C to 90°C. Also, conduction currents in the copolymers were suppressed at high electric fields. X‐ray‐induced thermally stimulated currents (TSC) revealed that halogen comonomers act as carrier traps with a depth of about 0.4 eV. Consequently, the introduction of comonomer‐containing halogen groups into polyethylene suppresses electron acceleration as a result of an increase in trapping and scattering of conduction electrons. This leads to an increase in electric strength which is determined by the electron avalanche breakdown.