gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of 60 GHz Phased Antenna Arrays Using Liquid Crystal Phase-shifters (2013)

Liquid crystal based antenna arrays with beam steering capability in one dimension for 60 GHz band is presented. Two array designs are discussed. First design uses slotted patch antenna as an array element. For this array a compact, planar, liquid crystal based meander line phase shifter is designed which have a maximum differential phase shift of 47°. The array comprises of a 4×1 slotted patch array, which is able to scan up to 14° in the E-plane. Second design uses patch antenna as an array element. In this array the phase shifters are liquid crystal based meander lines, each providing a maximum differential phase shift of 38°. The array elements (the patch antennas) are coupled to the microstrip feed line through coupling gaps. These gaps are adjusted in order to uniformly excite the antenna patches. The designed array comprises of a 4 × 1 patch array, which is able to scan up to 9° in the E-plane as the bias on the liquid crystal changes from zero to saturation voltage.
The Role of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Receptor-Dependent and Receptor-Independent Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Experimental Pancreatitis (2007)

Our study demonstrated that TEA improves pancreatitis-associated impairment of pulmonary vasoreactivity and gas exchange.
Towards the use of inferred cognitive states in language modeling (2009)

In spoken dialog, speakers are simultaneously engaged in various mental processes, and it seems likely that the word that will be said next depends, to some extent, on the states of these mental processes. Further, these states can be inferred, to some extent, from properties of the speaker's voice as they change from moment to moment. As a illustration of how to apply these ideas in language modeling, we examine volume and speaking rate as predictors of the upcoming word. Combining the information which these provide with a trigram model gave a 2.6% improvement in perplexity.
Synergistic inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by metformin and mito-metformin in the presence of iron chelators (2019)

We demonstrate that combined treatment with metformin (Met) or its mitochondria-targeted analog, mito-metformin (Mito-Met), and various iron chelators synergistically inhibits proliferation of pancreatic and triple-negative breast cancer cells. Previously, we reported that Met (at millimolar levels) and Mito-Met (at micromolar levels) inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through stimulation of mitochondrial redox signaling was proposed as a key mechanism for decreased cancer cell proliferation. Because of its poor bioavailability, the use of Met as a "stand-alone" antitumor drug has been questioned. Iron chelators such as deferasirox (DFX) and dexrazoxane (DXR) exhibit antiproliferative effects in cancer cells. The potency of Met and Mito-Met was synergistically enhanced in the presence of iron chelators, DFX, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylendiamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED), and deferoxamine (DFO). Met, DXR (also ICRF-187), and DFO are FDA-approved drugs for treating diabetes, decreasing the incidence and severity of cardiotoxicity following chemotherapy, and mitigating iron toxicity, respectively. Thus, the synergistic antiproliferative effects of Met and Met analogs and iron chelators may have significant clinical relevance in cancer treatment. These findings may have implications in other OXPHOS-mediated cancer therapies.
Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin (2019)

This review details the structure of lignin and curates information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for each specific use. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are produced worldwide annually, of which 98% to 99% is incinerated to produce steam, process energy. Just 1% to 2% of the lignin, derived from the sulfite pulp industry, is used in chemical conversion to produce lignosulfonates. Biorefining is a promising approach to promote the wider use of kraft lignin. However, using kraft lignin to produce high value-added products is a great challenge, due to its complex structure, low reactivity, and low solubility, which are factors that limit the lignin’s large-scale use in biorefineries. Recent studies show that kraft lignin can be used as lignosulfonates and dispersants, technical carbons, transportation fuels, bioplastics, and adhesives, but some technological hurdles must be overcome and several industrial tests must be developed to make these uses viable.
Low profile wire antennas on EBG ground plane (2008)

In the preceding chapter, the surface wave band gap of EBG structures was used to enhance the performance of microstrip patch antennas. Another important property of EBG structures is the phase response to the plane wave illumination, where the reflection phase changes from 180° to −180° as the frequency increases. In this chapter, we utilize this property to improve the radiation efficiency of wire antennas near a ground plane. Consequently, a novel type of low profile antennas referred to as wire-EBG antennas is proposed [1–2]. A series of design examples are illustrated with diverse radiation characteristics.
Promoting interdisciplinary education − the Vienna Doctoral Programme on Water Resource Systems (2012)

Abstract. The Vienna Doctoral Programme on Water Resource Systems (DK-WRS) is a programme that aims to educate students in interdisciplinary water science through cutting edge research at an international level. It is funded by the Austrian Science Fund and designed to run over a period of 12 yr during which 80 doctoral students are anticipated to graduate. This paper reports on our experiences of setting up and implementing the Programme. We identify three challenges: integrating the disciplines, maintaining depth in an interdisciplinary programme, and teaching subjects remote to each student's core expertise. To address these challenges we adopt a number of approaches. We use three levels of instruments to foster integration across the disciplines: joint groups (e.g. a joint study programme), joint science questions (e.g. developed in annual symposia), and joint study sites. To maintain depth we apply a system of quality control including regular feedback sessions, theses by journal publications and international study exchange. For simultaneously teaching students from civil and environmental engineering, biology, geology, chemistry, mathematics we use visually explicit teaching, learning by doing, extra mentoring and by cross relating associated subjects. Our initial assessment of the Programme shows some very positive outcomes. Joint science questions formed between students from various disciplines indicate integration is being achieved. The number of successful publications in top journals suggests that depth is maintained. Positive feedback from the students on the variety and clarity of the courses indicates the teaching strategy is working well. Our experiences have shown that implementing and running an interdisciplinary doctoral programme has its challenges and is demanding in terms of time and human resources but seeing interactions progress and watching people grow and develop their way of thinking in an interdisciplinary environment is a valuable reward.
Breast cancer profile in patients (pts) seen at two Community Hospitals of Buenos Aires,Argentina, born between 1900 and 1970 (2004)

9685 Background: It is known that envirommental and life style changes may play a role in the development of breast cancer.In our country,the patients originally seen with this pathology were Spanish and Italian immigrants who came to Argentina until 1950.We analized the changes that took place with respect tothe age of breast cancer onset and menopause in this population along the last century. Methods: Two thousand and eleven female pts with breast cancer diagnosis (dx),seen at Hospital Rawson (1962–1978) and Hospital Durand (1979–2oo3), were retrospectively analyzed.All of them were born between 1900 and 1970.The following variables were taken into account: date of birth, age and menopausal status at dx.The whole population was divided into three groups based on age : Born between 1900 and 1930 Group A (GA),between 1931 and 1960 Group B (GB) and from 1961 on,Group C(GC). Results: The overall mean age was 55 +/−13 years (yrs).GA 63+/−11 yrs;GB 50+/−9 yrs; GC 35+/−4 yrs.(GA vs.GB p=0.001).As regards the menopausal status at dx,the relation between pre and postmenopausal women was GA:92/620 pts,GB:550/496 pts and GC:95/4 pts.(GA vs GB p=0.001).The age at dx for premenopausal women was GA:46+/− 6yrs,GB:44+/−6 yrs and GC 35+/− 4yrs.(GA vs. GB p=0.001) and in postmenopausal women :GA 66+/−9 yrs,GB56+/−7 yrs and GC 38 +/−3 yrs (GA vs. GB p=0.001).The time between menopause and dx was 18 yrs for GA and 10 yrs for GB.The number of women with childbearing potential under 40 years old who constituted the High Risk Premenopausal Group (HRPG) were 19,176 and 98 for Groups A,B and C respectively.This HRPG correspondedf to 13% of the total number of cases. Conclusions: In our country,the tnedency clearly shows that women are younger at the time of diagnosis (diferences between age Groups A,B and C) and that there is a predominant increase in the number of women who are premenopausal at diagnosis.The differences among Groups A,B and C are more than 10 years.This not only may reflect the early diagnosis and consultation but also other factors that need yet to be determined.The creation of a National Tumor Database could be the only means to confirm these findings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Efficacy of a Very-low-dose Combination of Perindopril and Indapamide—Preterax Compared with Cilazapril Monotherapy in Patients with Inadequate Blood Pressure Control—A Randomized, Double-blind, Add-on Study (2008)

Though similar in safety, combined regimen preterax was more effective than cilazapril to facilitate adequate BP control in already-treated hypertensives. It can be added on to other antihypertensives for better BP control in clinical hypertension.
Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications (1996)

Preface 1. Principles of chemical neurotransmission 2. Receptors and enzymes as the targets of drug action 3. Special properties of receptors 4. Chemical neurotransmission as the mediator of disease actions 5. Depression and bipolar disorders 6. Classical antidepressants, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors 7. Newer antidepressants and mood stabilizers 8. Anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics 9. Drug treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and phobic disorders 10. Psychosis and schizophrenia 11. Antipsychotic agents 12. Cognitive enhancers 13. Psychopharmacology of reward and drugs of abuse 14. Gender and sexual psychopharmacology References Index.
Contribution of diacylglycerol lipase &beta; to pain after surgery (2018)

DAGLβ is not the principal enzyme that controls 2-AG derived AA and PGE<sub>2</sub> production after surgery, and inhibitors targeting this enzyme are unlikely to be efficacious analgesics superior to those already approved to treat acute postoperative pain.
Field-Cycle-Resolved Photoionization in Solids (2014)

The Keldysh theory of photoionization in a solid dielectric is generalized to the case of arbitrarily short driving pulses of arbitrary pulse shape. We derive a closed-form solution for the nonadiabatic ionization rate in a transparent solid with a periodic dispersion relation, which reveals ultrafast ionization dynamics within the field cycle and recovers the key results of the Keldysh theory in the appropriate limiting regimes.
Metal-Ligand Cooperative Bond Cleavage/Formation and Their Catalytic Applications with Cyclopentadienone Metal Complexes (2022)

Metal-ligand cooperation, in which both metal and ligand participate in bond cleavage and formation, is gathering great attention in recent years. While many types of complexes have been employed in metal-ligand cooperative heterolytic cleavage of H-H bond, a cyclopentadienone-hydroxycyclopentadienyl-based metal complex, originally reported by Shvo, has a unique character, that is, red/ox activity of the metal center along with the heterolytic bond cleavage. To date, various transition-metal complexes (M＝Ru, Fe, Re, Mo, Ir, Rh, Pt, etc.) having cyclopentadienone/hydroxycyclopentadienyl ligands are reported to show catalytic reactions utilizing the heterolytic cleavage/formation of H-H bond. On the other hand, there are substantial efforts to expand the scope of the bond to be cleaved other than the H-H bond. This article summarizes our recent progress in the metal-ligand cooperative cleavage reactions of C-H and B-H bonds by cyclopentadienone metal complexes with introduction of the historical background.
[Generation of Dendritic Cells from Human Cord Blood CD34(+) Cells and Their Activation of T Cell-Dependent Antitumor Immune Response In Vitro] (2001)

To induce the growth and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) from human cord blood, CD34(+) cells isolated from human cord blood by mini-MACS were cultured in a liquid culture system with rhSCF, rhGM-CSF, rhTNF-alpha and rhFL for 10 days. Then the induced cells were characterized by DC's morphological and phenotypic properties. In addition, they stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic T cells and possessed an efficient capacity for initiating T cell-dependent antitumor immune responses in vitro. It is concluded that mature DCs could be obtained from human cord blood CD34(+) cells.
Bright white-light electroluminescence based on nonradiative energy transfer in Ce- and Eu-doped SrS thin films (1987)

A bright white-light electroluminescence (EL) is obtained in a thin-film EL device with Ce- and Eu-doped SrS phosphors. The device shows a luminance level of 1500 cd/m2 with 5 kHz drive (500 cd/m2 at 1 kHz). The dominant excitation process of the Eu2+ centers is found to be due to an efficient nonradiative energy transfer from the Ce3+ to the Eu2+ centers.
The nitrogen of the acetamido group of colchicine modulates P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (1993)

The substituents of drug molecules and the specific amino acid residues of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) implicated in drug/protein interactions are largely unknown. We have used a series of colchicine analogs modified on the A, B, and C rings to identify the discrete chemical groups on the colchicine molecule that are required for recognition by P-gp. For this, the toxicity of these analogs was tested on independent cell clones expressing either of the two mouse mdr genes, mdr1 and mdr3, known to confer multidrug resistance. Modifications of the methoxy groups on the A and C rings modulated cellular toxicity but had no effect on P-gp recognition; however, modifications at the C7 position of the B ring, in particular the removal of the nitrogen atom of the acetamido group, had a dramatic effect. Analogs bearing a hydrogen at that position were not substrates for P-gp. The importance of the nitrogen at C7 was independently verified in thiocolchicine and allocolchicine analogs similarly modified, although overall levels of resistance to these compounds were somewhat reduced compared to their colchicine counterparts. The study of allocolchicine congeners bearing a six-carbon C ring and of two other analogs completely lacking a B ring suggested that intact B and C rings were important for interaction with P-gp. These results suggest that the structural determinants for cytotoxicity (tubulin binding) and P-gp recognition map to nonoverlapping sites in the colchicine analogs analyzed. Examination of calculated molar refractivities (CMR) revealed that only compounds showing CMR values greater than 9.7 were P-gp substrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Power, High Linearity and Low-Noise Hybrid RF Amplifiers Based on GaN HEMTs (2009)

This paper details the potential of GaN HEMT technology for RF high power amplifiers (HPA), low noise amplifiers (LNA) and high linearity amplifiers with practical application examples. Large GaN HEMT powerbars are measured in a 50-iquest-system at 2 GHz. Measurements show excellent characteristics in terms of power, linearity and noise. This combination of high power and low noise performance allows the realization of highly linear LNAs, which could significantly reduce protection and filter efforts at receiver inputs.
Comparison of Cultures from Rectoanal-Junction Mucosal Swabs and Feces for Detection of Escherichia coli O157 in Dairy Heifers (2006)

Fecal culture for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was compared to rectoanal mucosal swab (RAMS) culture in dairy heifers over a 1-year period. RAMS enrichment culture was as sensitive as fecal culture using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) (P = 0.98, as determined by a chi-square test). RAMS culture is less costly than fecal IMS culture and can yield quantitative data.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: Serving Our Missions While Maintaining Excellence (2018)

Kochanek, Patrick M. MD, MCCM; Kissoon, Niranjan MD, FRCPC, CPE, FAAP, MCCM, FACPE; Kudchadkar, Sapna R. MD, PhD Author Information
Advances in real time spectral tracking (2009)

Advanced multispectral, or hyperspectral, camera systems are being used to identify objects of interest on the
basis of spectral characteristics. In previous papers we have described the development of a hyperspectral real
time tracking system using matched filtering. This paper will discuss alternative methods of gathering
hyperspectral imagery and consider how they should be adapted to suit the various applications. It will also
present some recent improvements made to the design and operation of our fast visible hyperspectral imaging
system. These improvements are allowing objects of interest to be successfully tracked in lower light levels with
reduced false alarm levels. Aerial applications of hyperspectral imagers will also be discussed.
Fibrillation vs. random noise: a comparison using dimensionality calculations (2003)

Application of techniques derived from the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems to calculate a fractal dimension which characterizes a signal and can be used to gauge to what extent the signal is due to noise or arises from a deterministic dynamical system is discussed. These techniques are applied to surface ECGs from ventricular fibrillation. The results suggest that fibrillation is not significantly different from spectrally colored random noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrastructural Aspects of Early Stages in Cotton Fiber Elongation (1976)

Fine structural alterations associated with early stages of cotton fiber elongation in Gossypium hirsutum L. var. dunn 56 C occur rapidly following anthesis and appear to be correlated with the formation of the central vacuole, plasma membrane, and primary cell wall as well as with increased protein synthesis necessary for cell elongation. Association of dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum with the tonoplast suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the formation of the central vacuole. Dictyosome involvement in both plasma membrane and primary cell wall formation was suggested from observations of similarities between dictyosome associated vesicles, containing fibrils appearing similar in morphology to fibrils found in the primary cell wall, and plasma membrane associated vesicles. The single nucleolus found in cotton fibers enlarges following anthesis, shows segregation of granular and fibrillar components by 1 day postanthesis, develops a large “vacuole,” thus appearing ring-shaped, and occupies much of the nuclear volume by 2 days postanthesis. Prominent nucleoli were not observed in nuclei after 10 days postanthesis.
The Performance Evaluation of Surge Absorber Contained Low Voltage Distribution Equipments by Lightning Impulse Test (2004)

In these days, integrated circuits have been increasingly used for Low Voltage (hereinafter LV) distribution equipments for the purpose of making more multi-functional and downsizing. However insulation of the circuits is easily broken by lightning surge from the power line, so the number of troubles is also getting increased. On the other hand, there is no authorized standard value of the lightning withstand performance for LV distribution equipments. Here, we implemented Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage (hereinafter LIWV) test and Lightning Impulse Withstand Current (hereinafter LIWC) test in order to verify the value. As a result, we made it clear that if LV distribution equipments’ integrated circuits are protected by surge absorber, the lightning withstand performance is determined not only by LIWV performance but also by the performance of surge absorber, i.e. LIWC test should be implemented for the performance evaluation.
Effect of Topical Rapamycin 1% on Multiple Trichoepitheliomas (2019)

International audience
Polymer Stabilization Enhances the Orientational Optical Nonlinearity of Oligothiophene‐Doped Nematic Liquid Crystals (2013)

A highly efficient nonlinear optical response in terms of both low threshold intensity and high stability is achieved in polymer-stabilized liquid crystals doped with a small amount of oligothiophene. Polymer stabilization decreases the threshold intensity by a factor of 6, and a large refractive index change of 0.14 is stably maintained up to high (>110 W cm-2) pump intensities.
Pulmonary Arterial Stiffness: An Early and Pervasive Driver of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2018)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a historically neglected and highly morbid vascular disease that leads to right heart failure and, in some cases, death. The molecular origins of this disease have been poorly defined, and as such, current pulmonary vasodilator therapies do not cure or reverse this disease. Although extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and pulmonary arterial stiffening have long been associated with end-stage PAH, recent studies have reported that such vascular stiffening can occur early in pathogenesis. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that ECM stiffening may represent a key first step in pathogenic reprogramming and molecular crosstalk among endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells in the remodeled pulmonary vessel. Such processes represent the convergence of activation of a number of specific mechanoactivated signaling pathways, microRNAs, and metabolic pathways in pulmonary vasculature. In this review, we summarize the contemporary understanding of vascular stiffening as a driver of PAH, its mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets and clinical perspectives. Of note, early intervention targeting arterial stiffness may break the vicious cycle of PAH progression, leading to outcome improvement which has not been demonstrated by current vasodilator therapy.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals (2010)

There is increasing recognition that low-cost, high capacity processes for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are essential for expanding the utilization of carbon neutral processes, reducing dependency on fossil fuel resources, and increasing rural income. While much attention has focused on the use of biomass to produce ethanol via fermentation, high capacity processes are also required for the production of hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. In this context, this book provides an up-to-date overview of the thermochemical methods available for biomass conversion to liquid fuels and chemicals. In addition to traditional conversion technologies such as fast pyrolysis, new developments are considered, including catalytic routes for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrates and the use of ionic liquids for lignocellulose utilization. The individual chapters, written by experts in the field, provide an introduction to each topic, as well as describing recent research developments.