gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Independent estimate of the pH of Dead Sea brine (1977)

The pH of artificial Dead Sea brine was measured by an electrochemical cell without a liquid junction. The cell consisted of a pH sensitive glass electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode. The system was standardized in HCl solutions and pH was calculated from a measurement by this cell after estimating theoretically the activity of Cl in the brine. It is suggested that the pH of artificial Dead Sea brine is 5.86, consistent with pH values obtained by conventional pH measurements.
Multistatic Biomedical Microwave Imaging Using Spatial Interpolator for Extended Virtual Antenna Array (2017)

The accuracy of multistatic microwave imaging is highly dependent on the number of antennas used for data acquisition. The antenna size, available space for antennas, mutual coupling between antennas and acceptable hardware complexity (switching and processing) limit the usable number of antennas. To address this issue, the concept of virtual array is utilized. In this regard, a spatial interpolator is designed to predict the received signals at the location of the virtual elements using the recorded signals by a limited number of real antennas. Consequently, a frequency-based imaging algorithm is used to process the virtual-array signals and produce clear images that enable accurate detection. The presented method is tested via simulations and experiments using a multistatic-radar-based head imaging system operating using the band 1.1-3.2 GHz. The data recorded by eight antennas around the head is used to form equivalent data from an extended virtual array of 12, 16, and 32 elements. Using quantitative metrics, it is shown that the constructed images from the extended virtual array are more accurate than the images created only from the real antennas. It is also shown that a virtual array that has twice the number of elements of the real array, which meet the minimum limit of degree-of-freedom of the problem, is enough to generate an accurate image with optimized computational resources. In comparison with existing correlation-based methods, the presented approach provides more accurate images.
Phase-sensitive correlation optical time-domain reflectometer using quantum phase noise of laser light (2015)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple approach to realize a phase-sensitive correlation optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) suitable for detection and localization of dynamic perturbations along a single-mode optical fiber. It is based on the quantum phase fluctuations of a coherent light emitted by a telecom DFB diode laser. Truly random probe signals are generated by an interferometer with the optical path difference exceeding the coherence length of the laser light. Speckle-like OTDR traces were obtained by calculating cross-correlation functions between the probe light and the light intensity signals returned back from the sensing fiber. Perturbations are detected and localized by monitoring time variations of correlation amplitude along the fiber length. Results of proof-of-concept experimental testing are presented using an array of ultra-low-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings as weak reflectors.
Scaling Laws for Secrecy Capacity in Cooperative Wireless Networks (2013)

We investigate large wireless networks subject to security constraints. In contrast to point-to-point, interference-limited communications considered in prior works, we propose active cooperative relaying based schemes. We consider a network with $n_l$ legitimate nodes, $n_e$ eavesdroppers, and path loss exponent $\alpha\geq 2$. As long as $n_e^2(\log(n_e))^{\gamma}=o(n_l)$, for some positive $\gamma$, we show one can obtain unbounded secure aggregate rate. This means zero-cost secure communication, given fixed total power constraint for the entire network. We achieve this result through (i) the source using Wyner randomized encoder and a serial (multi-stage) block Markov scheme, to cooperate with the relays and (ii) the relays acting as a virtual multi-antenna to apply beamforming against the eavesdroppers. Our simpler parallel (two-stage) relaying scheme can achieve the same unbounded secure aggregate rate when $n_e^{\frac{\alpha}{2}+1}(\log(n_e))^{\gamma+\delta(\frac{\alpha}{2}+1)}=o(n_l)$ holds, for some positive $\gamma,\delta$.
Abstract 14841: Whole-genome microRNA Sequencing Reveals Circulating microRNAs as High-Risk Markers in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (2016)

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as promising circulating biomarkers in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the complex relationship between clinical risk factors and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) outcomes, understanding the relationship of miRs and high-risk factors may help dissect independent versus mediating effects of miRs on NSTE-ACS outcomes. Hypothesis: There are associations between specific circulating miRs and established clinical risk factors in patients with NSTE-ACS. Methods: Whole-genome miR sequencing was performed on total RNA extracted from whole blood of 199 patients with NSTE-ACS from the TRILOGY-ACS trial with similar baseline characteristics. Generalized linear models were used to test associations between 247 identified miRs and 13 high-risk factors CVD risk factors including atrial fibrillation (AF), Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score on presentation and chronic heart failure (HF). A false discovery rate of 0.05 was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: Overall, 205 risk factor-miR associations were nominally significant (p Conclusions: We identified circulating miRs with expression patterns associated with high-risk factors in NSTE-ACS. MiRs 3135b, 126-5p, 142-5p, 144-5p and miR 28-3p are known mediators of CV development or disease, suggesting their potential role in modulating genomic risk in NSTE-ACS. These miRs may serve as prognostic biomarkers for risk stratification to better predict poor outcomes in patients with NSTE-ACS.
Dependent Randomized Rounding for Matroid Polytopes and Applications (2009)

Motivated by several applications, we consider the problem of randomly rounding a fractional solution in a matroid (base) polytope to an integral one. We consider the pipage rounding technique and also present a new technique, randomized swap rounding. Our main technical results are concentration bounds for functions of random variables arising from these rounding techniques. We prove Chernoff-type concentration bounds for linear functions of random variables arising from both techniques, and also a lower-tail exponential bound for monotone submodular functions of variables arising from randomized swap rounding. The following are examples of our applications: (1) We give a (1-1/e-epsilon)-approximation algorithm for the problem of maximizing a monotone submodular function subject to 1 matroid and k linear constraints, for any constant k and epsilon&gt;0. (2) We present a result on minimax packing problems that involve a matroid base constraint. We give an O(log m / log log m)-approximation for the general problem Min {lambda: x \in {0,1}^N, x \in B(M), Ax &lt;= lambda b}, where m is the number of packing constraints. (3) We generalize the continuous greedy algorithm to problems involving multiple submodular functions, and use it to find a (1-1/e-epsilon)-approximate pareto set for the problem of maximizing a constant number of monotone submodular functions subject to a matroid constraint. An example is the Submodular Welfare Problem where we are looking for an approximate pareto set with respect to individual players' utilities.
EMLA Versus Ice as a Topical Anesthetic (2001)

BACKGROUND There are many different topical anesthetics available. Ice is an easy to use and inexpensive topical anesthetic. There are studies comparing different topical anesthetics but none have used ice. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy between EMLA (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream) and ice prior to injection with a 30-gauge needle containing a painful stimuli. METHOD A fingertip amount of EMLA cream was placed on the upper left arm and occluded with a bandage for an average of 52 minutes. Ice in a rubber glove was placed on the right upper arm for 1–2 minutes. The EMLA site, ice site, and a control site without anesthetic were tested for cutaneous analgesia with an injection of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine through a 30-gauge needle using a 3 cc syringe. Discomfort was recorded using a visual acuity scale (VAS). Analysis of data was performed using a t test paired sample of two means. RESULTS Statistically there was a significant difference in pain control between EMLA and ice (P < .05), EMLA and control (P < .01), and ice and control (P < .01). Clinically patients felt that EMLA performed slightly better as an analgesic than ice, and both EMLA and ice were more efficacious than the control. CONCLUSION Both EMLA and ice decreased the discomfort associated with needle injection. Although EMLA performed better in pain control, ice has advantages in ease of use, fast action, and is less expensive than EMLA. Both EMLA and ice were good topical anesthetics, each with advantages and disadvantages in clinical use.
Mutually Beneficial Symbiosis Between Human and Gut-Dominant Bacteroides Species Through Bacterial Assimilation of Host Mucosubstances (2020)

Abstract The composition of gut microbiota is influenced by the quantity and type of nutrients in host. Even with some Bacteroides species being categorized as pathogens, Bacteroides is one of the most dominant gut bacteria. Here we indicate the physiological determinants of the species of Bacteroides for being dominant in human gut microbiota. Each of the host extracellular mucosubstances including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and mucin has grown human gut microbiota. In spite of the differences among initial microbiota profiles, Bacteroides species dominated the community when GAG (e.g., chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronan) was used as a sole carbon source. In fact, GAGs and the Bacteroides genes which are vital for the degradation of GAGs were commonly detected in human feces. Mucin has encouraged the growth of Bacteroides and several other genera. A comprehensive analysis on the degradation and assimilation of mucosubstances by the genus Bacteroides using around 30 species has shown that most species degrade and assimilate GAGs and mucin, showing that Bacteroides species can survive even in the undernutrition condition including the fasting state. In the assimilation of GAG or mucin, Bacteroides species significantly secreted essential amino acids, γ-amino butyrate (GABA), and/or short-chain fatty acids which are needed for human health. This is the first report as regards mutually beneficial interaction between human and Bacteroides species via bacterial assimilation of host mucosubstances and secretion of metabolites for host health promotion. Significance The genus Bacteroides is one of the most dominant gut bacteria, although its beneficial effects on human health have not been well understood. Here, we show modes of action in human- Bacteroides interrelationship. Mucosubstances including GAGs and mucin secreted by human host are abundant in gut for microbiota to grow well. Bacteroides species are dominant in the community in the presence of GAGs, and provide human host with a considerable amount of essential amino acids, γ-amino butyrate, and short-chain fatty acids produced from mucosubstances. These results postulate mutually beneficial symbiosis system between human and Bacteroides through bacterial assimilation of host mucosubstances and secretion of metabolites for human body and mental health promotion even in the undernutrition condition including the fasting state.
Impact of Culture Conditions on the Bioactive Metabolite Production by Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 2001 (2009)

Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 2001 was isolated from soil samples in Tae-Baek Mountain. The taxonomical position of bacterium was investigated using morphological, biochemical and genetic techniques. These results strongly indicated that it was most closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effects of nutrients and influence of environmental parameters on growth and production of bioactive metabolites by Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 2001 were evaluated in submerge culture. Disc diffusion method was employed to study the effect of different culture media, various carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum size, temperature, pH and incubation period on the production of bioactive metabolite in flask cultures by Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 2001. Growth was determined as dry cell weight in a fixed volume of culture broth. Dextrose, maltose, citrate, mannitol, trehalose, fructose and glycerol were found to be the suitable carbon soures. Especially, BCNU 2001 isolated from Tae-baek mountain was highly active to M. luteus, P. mirabilis and S. cereviea. (Acknowledgments; This research was financially supported by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science Technology (MEST) and Korea Industrial Technology Foundation (KOTEF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation)
Virtual Surrounding Face Geocasting in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (2008)

Geocasting in wireless sensor and ad hoc networks means delivering a message from a source node to all the nodes in a given geographical region. The objectives of a geocasting protocol are two-fold: guaranteed message delivery and low transmission cost. Most of the existing protocols do not guarantee message delivery, and those that do, incur high transmission costs. In this study, we propose the concept of Virtual Surrounding Face (VSF), and design a VSF-based geocasting protocol (VSFG). We also design a SKIP method and a local dominating set (DS) based restricted flooding technique to further reduce the cost of VSFG. Through mathematical analysis and comprehensive simulations, we show that VSFG, together with SKIP and local DS based restricted flooding, guarantees message delivery and has a much lower transmission cost than the previous approaches. The reduction of cost can be up to 65 % compared with the most efficient existing approach.
Prevalence of canine distemper antibodies in the pagetic population (1993)

Recent molecular evidence has implicated canine distemper virus (CDV) as a possible aetiologic agent in Paget's disease. However, previous serological studies have shown no differences in levels of anti-CDV antibodies between Paget's patients and controls. In this study, the technique of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure anti-CDV antibodies in a group of Paget's patients from the North West of England. Some patients were undergoing treatment with 3-amino-hydroxypropylidene (APD), and the pre-treatment levels of antibody were compared with those following treatment. With several patients, it was also possible to compare the antibody levels with results from in situ hybridisation studies. No significant difference was found between the levels of anti-CDV antibodies in patients and controls. However, several patients and some of the controls did have markedly elevated levels of anti-CDV antibody. Antibody levels remained fairly constant following treatment with APD, except for two patients who showed marked changes. The patients positive for CDV by in situ hybridisation had significantly lower levels of anti-CDV antibodies when compared with those that were negative by in situ hybridisation. These results suggest that if CDV does cause Paget's disease, anti-CDV antibodies play little or no part in the disease pathogenesis. High levels of anti-CDV antibodies in both Paget's patients and controls suggest that a canine virus can infect humans. The fact that those patients that had CDV transcripts detectable in their bone cells had low levels of anti-CDV antibodies might suggest failure to clear the virus during an initial infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ultrafast imaging with anti-aliasing based on optical time-division multiplexing (2016)

Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy (STEAM) is a novel ultrafast imaging technique that is based on space-to-time-to-wavelength mapping. Nevertheless, the technique requires a high-cost electronic digitizer of several tens of gigahertz sampling rate to read out sufficient image information. To acquire a large amount of image information by using a relatively low-sampling-rate electronic digitizer, an anti-aliasing technique based on optical time-division multiplexing is proposed. A 38.88 MHz line-scan imaging system is demonstrated experimentally. By using the proposed anti-aliasing technique, a 20 GS/s sampling rate is achieved by employing a 10 GS/s electronic digitizer. Defects and scratches on the target that were not identifiable originally can be clearly distinguished after using the proposed technique. Numerical analysis shows that the image quality can be improved by 4.16 dB, compared to that not using the anti-aliasing technique and at least 2.3 dB comparing to those obtained by bilinear, bicubic, and nearest-neighbor interpolation and Lanczos resampling techniques.
Application of Loop Shaping H-infinity Control to Diesel Engine Anti-Oscillation Strategy (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The control of fuel delivery to minimize drivetrain oscillations is a major benefit to vehicle refinement and driveability. This paper describes the application of robust H-infinity loop-shaping control to the speed-fuel control loop. A one-degree-of-freedom controller structure (feedback only) is examined and applied to a small passenger car. Using careful implementation, the control algorithm is of low order and efficient requiring only limited microprocessor resources.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The robust controller gives excellent performance when operated synchronously to engine rotation, where the dynamics become speed-dependent. Alternatively it can be operated satisfactorily at a fixed sample rate, asynchronous to engine rotation. The design is found to be eminently suitable for production.&lt;/div&gt;
Intracellular signaling of osteogenic protein-1 through Smad5 activation (1998)

Smad proteins play pivotal roles in the intracellular signaling of the multifunctional transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members downstream of serine/threonine kinase type I and type II receptors. Smad2 and Smad3 are specific mediators of TGF-beta and activin, while Smadl and Smad5 are involved in bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and BMP-4 signaling. Here we report that osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), also termed BMP-7, binds predominantly to BMPR-IB in the rat osteoprogenitor-like cell line, ROB-C26. Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8, but not Smad2 and Smad3, were found to stably interact with the kinase-deficient BMPR-IB after it was phosphorylated by the BMPR-II kinase. In ROB-C26 cells, which express Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad5, OP-1 was found to stimulate the phosphorylation of Smad5. Whereas transfection of wild-type Smad5 enhanced the OP-1-induced response, transfection of wild-type Smad2 had no effect on OP-1 signaling. A Smad5-2SA mutant, in which the two most carboxy-terminal serine residues were mutated to alanine residues, was found to act as a dominant negative inhibitor of OP-1-induced responses upon its transfection into various cell types, including ROB-C26 cells, in contrast to ectopic expression of a Smad2-2SA mutant which was without effect. Smad5, therefore, is a key component in the intracellular signaling of OP-1.
Quantitative Tumor Apoptosis Imaging Using Technetium-99m–HYNIC Annexin V Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (2003)

In the absence of necrosis, absolute 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake values correlate well with the number of apoptotic cells derived from TUNEL assays.
Accelerating Distributed Matrix Multiplication with 4-Dimensional Polynomial Codes (2023)

A single straggler worker may delay an entire distributed system. The state-of-the-art strategies for mitigating delays in large-scale distributed matrix multiplication are polynomial-based coded computations such as the Polynomial Codes and Entangled Polynomial Codes. While such strategies deal with stragglers efficiently, they discard partial computations performed by stragglers. Hence, they are sub-optimal. Here, we present the Multi Entangled Polynomial Codes, a straggler mitigation strategy that utilizes the computations performed by all workers and significantly reduces the running time. Furthermore, it allows the final output to be decoded before any worker completes its tasks, thereby breaking the lower bound of Yu, Maddah-Ali, and Avestimehr (2020). Previous studies that utilize partial computations performed by stragglers require large Maximal Distance Separable codes, resulting in high overhead costs. In contrast, our strategy requires short codes comparable to Entangled Polynomial Codes. Thus, we preserve efficient encoding and decoding complexity and reduce the arithmetic overhead of previous solutions by a factor of where N and W are the matrices dimension and the number of workers, respectively. We provide experimental results on an Amazon EC2 cluster that demonstrate up to 15% speedup over previous strategies. Moreover, we show that our strategy is optimal up to a factor of (1 + o(l)).
Abstract 17016: T Wave Variability and T Wave Morphology Predict Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Arvc Patients (2016)

Introduction: Predicting episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) and especially fast VT events in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients could be useful for identifica...
Capacity of a Cationic Exchange Resin ("Zeo-Karb 225") in vivo (1953)

CHLOROPHYLL AS A DEODORANT MEDBRTJUH detected in further specimens of urine passed about 12 hours later. It is concluded that, in this observer, chlorophyll in doses at least 25 times greater than those usually recommended was valueless in preventing the characteristic smell of the urine following ingestion of asparagus. It was also noted that the smell of the faeces was unaffected by this large dose of chlorophyll.
A comparison study on the number of wavelength converters needed in synchronous and asynchronous all-optical switching architectures (2003)

The objective of this study is to investigate the performances of packet-switching architectures working in a synchronous and asynchronous way; in such architectures, the packet contention is resolved in the wavelength domain and the used wavelength converters are shared. We investigate on the saving of the number of converters that the sharing technique allows to obtain in the synchronous and asynchronous architectures and compare the obtained results. These ones show that when a packet loss probability is fixed, in the synchronous case a greater number of converters is saved. In some cases, the gain is 40% more than the asynchronous case. Furthermore, in the asynchronous case, a more expensive switching matrix is needed. The analysis is performed by introducing analytical and simulation models, and when both unicast and multicast traffic scenarios are considered.