gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Redundant Inertial Measurement Unit/Global Positioning System Integration Filter Structure for Fault Tolerant Navigation (2013)

This paper proposes a new adaptive filter structure containing two subfilters, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) filter, and a main-filter for redundant inertial measurement unit (RIMU)/global positioning system (GPS) integrated navigation system tolerant toward faults of inertial sensors. The purpose of subfilters is compensation of sensor level bias (SLB) of the RIMU during in-flight alignment for successful FDI processing. Also, that of the main-filter is providing of error compensated navigation solution based on the good FDI result. To achieve these purposes, two coordinate frames, sub-body frame (SBF) and master-body frame (MBF), are defined first. Then, two different error models for the RIMU are formulated in the SBF for sensor level compensation and in the MBF for module level compensation, respectively. Based on the formulated error models, an adaptive filter structure is designed. Some numerical simulations are performed to validate the performance of the proposed adaptive filter structure.
Deep Captioning with Multimodal Recurrent Neural Networks (m-RNN) (2014)

In this paper, we present a multimodal Recurrent Neural Network (m-RNN) model for generating novel image captions. It directly models the probability distribution of generating a word given previous words and an image. Image captions are generated by sampling from this distribution. The model consists of two sub-networks: a deep recurrent neural network for sentences and a deep convolutional network for images. These two sub-networks interact with each other in a multimodal layer to form the whole m-RNN model. The effectiveness of our model is validated on four benchmark datasets (IAPR TC-12, Flickr 8K, Flickr 30K and MS COCO). Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we apply the m-RNN model to retrieval tasks for retrieving images or sentences, and achieves significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art methods which directly optimize the ranking objective function for retrieval. The project page of this work is: www.stat.ucla.edu/~junhua.mao/m-RNN.html .
Fused 1,3-oxazine derivatives. Synthesis of 2H-1,3-oxazino(5,6-b)quinoxaline-2,4(3H)-diones (1-oxaalloxazines), 2H-1,3-oxazino(6,5-b)quinoline-2,4(3H)-diones (5-deaza-1-oxaalloxazines), and 2H-pyrido(3,2-e)-1,3-oxazine-2,4(3H)-diones. (1984)

Reactions of 6-anilino-3-methyl-2H-1, 3-oxazine-2, 4 (3H)-diones (1) with triethyl orthoformate, N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, diethyl azodicarboxylate, and dimethyl acetylene-dicarboxylate were carried out with the aim of synthesizing fused-ring 1, 3-oxazine derivatives 3-Methyl-2H-1, 3-oxazino [6, 5-b] quinoline-2, 4 (3H)-dione (3-methyl-5-deaza-1-oxaalloxazine) (2) and 3-methyl-2H-1, 3-oxazino [5, 6-b] quinoxaline-2, 4 (3H)-dione (3-methyl-1-oxaalloxazine) (8) were obtained by the reactions of the 6-anilinooxazine (1a) with triethyl orthoformate and diethyl azodicarboxylate, respectively. Treatment of 1a with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave methyl 3-methyl-2, 4, 7-trioxo-8-phenyl-3, 4, 7, 8-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido [3, 2-e]-1, 3-oxazine-5-carboxylate (9a) as well as methyl 1-methyl-2, 5-dioxo-1, 2, 5, 10-tetrahydrobenzo [b] [1, 8] naphthyridine-4-carboxylate (10) as a ring transformation product. The 6-(p-anisidino)-(1b) and the 6-(3, 4-xylidino)-oxazine (1c) also gave the corresponding pyrido [3, 2-e]-1, 3-oxazines (9b) and (9c).
Raman spectroscopic characterization of single cells (2010)

Here we present our latest results concerning the application of Raman microspectroscopy in combination with innovative chemometrics to characterize biological cells. The first part of this manuscript deals with the application of micro-Raman spectroscopy to identify microbial contaminations while the main focus within the second part of this presentation is concerned with Raman studies on eukaryotic cells where we will report about the development of an algorithm to differentiate between breast cancer cells and normal epithelial cells.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Uplink Sparse Code Multiple Access (2021)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered communication (RIS) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) are promising candidates for future generations of wireless networks. The former enhances the transmission environments, whereas the latter provides a high spectral efficiency transmission. This letter proposes, for the first time, a low-cost design for RIS-assisted uplink SCMA (SCMA-RIS) scheme to improve the conventional SCMA spectrum efficiency. The message passing algorithm (MPA) is utilized and modified to decode the SCMA-RIS transmitted signals. Moreover, a low-complexity decoder for the SCMA-RIS scheme is proposed to significantly reduce the MPA decoding complexity and improve the bit error rate performance of the conventional SCMA. Monte Carlo simulations and complexity analysis are presented, which support the findings.
Automatic detection of posterior subcapsular cataract opacity for cataract screening (2010)

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) leads to significant visual impairment. An automatic approach for detecting PSC opacity in retro-illumination images is investigated. The features employed include intensity, edge, size and spatial location. The system was tested using 441 images. The automatic detection was compared with the human expert. The sensitivity and specificity are 82.6% and 80% respectively. The preliminary research indicates it is feasible to apply automatic detection in the clinical screening of PSC in the future.
Allelic loss in clinically and screening‐detected primary hyperparathyroidism (2002)

A high frequency of LOH at 1p and 11q in tumours of screening-detected pHPT patients is intriguing, and may suggest that inactivation of known (the MEN1 gene) and putative tumour suppressor genes at these chromosomal regions is associated with a more benign disease.
Mode of Action of cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase-specific Inhibitors Probed by Photoaffinity Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry (2009)

The inhibitor peptide DT-2 (YGRKKRRQRRRPPLRKKKKKH) is the most potent and selective inhibitor of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) known today. DT-2 is a construct of a PKG tight binding sequence (W45, LRKKKKKH, KI=0.8 microM) and a membrane translocating sequence (DT-6, YGRKKRRQRRRPP, KI=1.1 microM), that combined strongly inhibits PKG catalyzed phosphorylation (KI=12.5 nM) with approximately 1000-fold selectivity toward PKG over protein kinase A, the closest relative of PKG. However, the molecular mechanism behind this inhibition is not entirely understood. Using a combination of photoaffinity labeling, stable isotope labeling, and mass spectrometry, we have located the binding sites of PKG-specific substrate and inhibitor peptides. Covalent linkage of a PKG-specific substrate analogue was localized in the catalytic core on residues 356-372, also known as the glycine-rich loop, essential for ATP binding. By analogy, the individual inhibitor peptides W45 and DT-6 were also found to cross-link near the glycine-rich loop, suggesting these are both substrate competitive inhibitors. A bifunctional photoreactive analogue of DT-2 was found to generate dimers of PKG. This cross-linking induced covalent PKG dimerization was not observed for an N-terminal deletion mutant of PKG, which lacks the dimerization domain. In addition, non-covalent mass spectrometry was used to determine binding stoichiometry and binding order of the inhibitor peptides. Dimeric PKG binds two W45 and DT-6 peptides, whereas only one DT-2 molecule was observed to bind to the dimeric PKG. Taken together, these findings imply that (i) the two individual components making up DT-2 are both targeted against the substrate-binding site and (ii) binding of a single DT-2 molecule inactivates both PKG monomers simultaneously, which is an indication that (iii) in cGMP-activated PKG the catalytic centers of both subunits may be in each other's proximity.
Molecular Characterisation of Fungi from Mycotic Keratitis and Invasive Infections and Comparison with Conventional Methods (2018)

Introduction: Fungi can cause systemic or localised infections in human beings, among which mycotic keratitis and Invasive Fungal Infections (IFIs) are very important, which can lead to severe complications and fatal consequences. In some instances, fungal culture isolates may not be identified accurately on the basis of morphology and microscopy. In those cases, molecular characterisation of isolates becomes more helpful in identification, which is essential for providing appropriate antifungal therapy and avoiding bad prognosis. Aim: To identify the fungi collected from patients of mycotic keratitis and IFIs (diagnosed by conventional methods) using molecular methods and to compare the results with the results of conventional methods of identification. Materials and Methods: In the present prospective study, fungal culture isolates were taken from 24 keratomycosis and seven IFIs patients (diagnosed by conventional methods) reporting to the OPD and wards of AIIMS Hospital, Delhi, India (March 2016 to March 2017). Isolates were further subcultured for DNA isolation and amplification for the variable ITS1 and ITS2 regions, and processed for nucleotide sequencing. The obtained sequences for ITS1 and ITS2 regions were searched for homology with NCBI-BLAST program. Results of molecular diagnosis at species level were compared with the conventional methods. Results: Conventional methods could identify Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Bipolaris spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., up to genus level only, which could be further identified up to species level by molecular methods. Phenotypically identified isolates of Acremonium spp. was identified as Simplicillium spp., Alternaria spp. as Chaetomium globosum, Mucor spp. as Rhizopus oryzae by molecular methods. Conclusion: As prognosis and therapy varies among different genera of fungi and in some cases from species to species, correct species level identification is important; hence, molecular methods may be complemented to traditional methods. Identification of rare fungal isolates is also important in clinical mycology, so that they will not be discarded as contaminants, which is possible using molecular techniques.
P‐Chiral o‐Phosphinophenol as a P/O Hybrid Ligand: Preparation and Use in Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Acyclic Enones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Presidential Quiz (1976)

To honor the bicentennial year, we offer the following double-barreled quiz on American presidents. We are all so used to hearing the surnames of our presidents that we seldom give the matter any thought. To those interested in the field of onomastics, however, it is interesting to consider the basic derivations or etymological roots from which these well-known names have originated. How many of the phrases in the first column can you translate into presidential surnames?
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH NITRILES. XL. REACTION OF 2‐INDANONE WITH MALONONITRILE, ETHYL L CYANOACETATE, AND TETRACYANOETHYLENE (1976)

Abstract Das Indanon (I) reagiert mit den Nitrilen (II) zu den Indenofluorenen (III).
Radiation Proctopathy (2015)

Radiation therapy is a widely utilized treatment modality for pelvic malignancies, including prostate cancer, rectal cancer, and cervical cancer. Given its fixed position in the pelvis, the rectum is at a high risk for injury secondary to ionizing radiation. Despite advances made in radiation science, up to 75% of the patients will suffer from acute radiation proctitis and up to 20% may experience chronic symptoms. Symptoms can be variable and include diarrhea, bleeding, incontinence, and fistulization. A multitude of treatment options exist. This article summarizes the latest knowledge relating to radiation proctopathy focusing on the vast array of treatment options.
Contralateral anterior interhemispheric-transcallosal-transrostral approach to the subcallosal region: a novel surgical technique (2017)

OBJECTIVE The authors report a novel surgical route from a superior anatomical aspect-the contralateral anterior interhemispheric-transcallosal-transrostral approach-to a lesion located in the subcallosal region. The neurosurgical approach to the subcallosal region is challenging due to its deep location and close relationship with important vascular structures. Anterior and inferior routes to the subcallosal region have been described but risk damaging the branches of the anterior cerebral artery. METHODS Three formalin-fixed and silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied to demonstrate the relationships between the transventricular surgical approach and the subcallosal region. The surgical, clinical, and radiological history of a 39-year-old man with a subcallosal cavernous malformation was retrospectively used to document the neurological examination and radiographic parameters of such a case. RESULTS The contralateral anterior interhemispheric-transcallosal-transrostral approach provides access to the subcallosal area that also includes the inferior portion of the pericallosal cistern, lamina terminalis cistern, the paraterminal and paraolfactory gyri, and the anterior surface of the optic chiasm. The approach avoids the neurocritical perforating branches of the anterior communicating artery. CONCLUSIONS The contralateral anterior interhemispheric-transcallosal-transrostral approach may be an alternative route to subcallosal area lesions, with less risk to the branches of the anterior cerebral artery, particularly the anterior communicating artery perforators.
Evaluating age-related variations of gaze behavior for a novel digitized-digit symbol substitution test (2019)

Analysis of cognitive functioning from gaze behavior might serve as an early indicator of age related decline of cognitive functions. Standard psychological tests like the digit-symbol substitution test or the symbol-digit modalities test is used exclusively in this regard. In this paper, we have designed and developed a digitized version of the digit symbol substitution test. Three different versions have been designed in order to derive deeper insights of the user behavior. The test-retest validation of the versions reveals good correlation across sessions. Further, the difference in gaze behavior which might be used as an indicator of cognitive functions is tested for two different age groups (13 participants <30 years and 11 participants >40 years). It is seen that the designed digitized version along with the usage of physiological markers like eye tracking bestows additional information and is sensitive to age related factors which might be used for the assessment as well as for the training purpose in rehabilitation systems. Results show that the performance can be analyzed using gaze and pupillometric features in addition to the conventional test performance metrics. We derived an index to measure the performance related to visuo-spatial functioning on one of the designed versions of the test. Results of this index on the number of fixations for two age groups are found to be separated in a statistically significant (p<0.05) manner. The age related difference (p<0.05) is also evident in the pupillometric responses obtained.
308 Indirect treatment comparison of nivolumab versus placebo as adjuvant treatment for melanoma (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> We have previously performed indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) to demonstrate improvements in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival with nivolumab versus placebo as adjuvant treatment for resected melanoma; however, overall survival (OS) data were not available at the time. Recently, results of the phase 3 CheckMate 238 trial in patients with resected stage IIIB–IIIC/IV melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], 7th edition) showed no statistically significant difference in OS between nivolumab and ipilimumab; however, OS events were fewer than expected. In the phase 3 EORTC 18071 trial in patients with resected stage IIIA–IIIC melanoma (AJCC, 6th edition), OS was improved with ipilimumab versus placebo. Here, we provide an update on RFS and an analysis of OS in ITCs of nivolumab and placebo using data from these 2 trials with a common comparator arm: ipilimumab 10 mg/kg. <h3>Methods</h3> ITCs of nivolumab versus placebo were conducted using 4-year minimum follow-up data from CheckMate 238 (NCT02388906) and 5.3-year median follow-up data from EORTC 18071 (NCT00636168). Bucher ITCs were performed to estimate RFS and OS in the intention-to-treat populations. A sensitivity analysis of OS adjusting for subsequent therapy options was conducted in 2 steps: (1) after controlling for possible confounders and assuming that the only difference was the effect of different subsequent therapies, postrecurrence survival was compared between the 2 ipilimumab arms in each study, and (2) after adjusting for differences in postrecurrence survival, ITCs of nivolumab versus adjusted placebo were performed. <h3>Results</h3> In these ITC analyses, RFS and OS results with nivolumab suggested an improvement compared with placebo. In the intention-to-treat population, nivolumab was associated with a lower risk of recurrence or death (RFS HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43–0.70) and a lower risk of death (OS HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.88) than placebo. In the sensitivity analysis, a 63% average increase in postrecurrence survival benefit was estimated with ipilimumab in CheckMate 238 compared with ipilimumab in EORTC 18071. After adjusting for this increase in both the ipilimumab and placebo arms in EORTC 18071, nivolumab was associated with a lower risk of death than placebo (OS HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.91), similar to the unadjusted analysis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite the changing treatment landscape and the increased number of therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma, these ITCs suggested clinically meaningful improvement in RFS and OS with adjuvant nivolumab compared with a wait-and-watch strategy in high-risk patients with resected melanoma. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Writing and editorial assistance were provided by Kakoli Parai, PhD, and Andrea Lockett of Ashfield Healthcare Communications, funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> NCT02388906 (CheckMate 238), NCT00636168 (EORTC 18071)
The role of the maternal immune system in the regulation of human birthweight (2015)

Human birthweight is subject to stabilizing selection. Large babies are at risk of obstetric complications such as obstructed labour, which endangers both mother and child. Small babies are also at risk with reduced survival. Fetal growth requires remodelling of maternal spiral arteries to provide an adequate maternal blood supply to the placenta. This arterial transformation is achieved by placental trophoblast cells, which invade into the uterine wall. Under-invasion is associated with fetal growth restriction; but if invasion is excessive large babies can result. A growing body of evidence suggests that this process is controlled by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed on maternal uterine natural killer cells (uNK) and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) ligands on invading trophoblast. Mothers with the KIR AA genotype and a fetus with a paternal HLA-C2 allele tend to have small babies, because this combination inhibits cytokine secretion by uNK. Mothers with the activating KIR2DS1 gene and an HLA-C2 fetus are more likely to have large babies. When KIR2DS1 binds to HLA-C2 this increases secretion of cytokines that enhance trophoblast invasion. We conclude that specific combinations of the highly polymorphic gene systems, KIR and HLA-C, contribute to successful reproduction by maintaining birthweight between two extremes.
Construction of carbocycles via oxonium ylides generation and rearrangement : towards the synthesis of taxol (2009)

The diterpenoid natural product Taxol, first discovered in the late 1960’s, is one of the most important current drugs for the treatment of several cancers including breast and ovarian cancers. Although tremendous efforts towards its synthesis have been made in the last two decades, resulting in six elegant total syntheses, Taxol still constitutes a remarkable challenge for organic chemists due to its unique structural framework.

The high level of interest has spilled over to our laboratory, the purpose of this thesis was to develop an approach for the construction of medium-ring fused polycarbocyclic systems, which would then be applied to the synthesis of the sterically hindered eight-membered ring of the tricyclic core system of Taxol. Described herein is the continuation of efforts focused towards the access of fused medium-ring carbocycles by tandem catalytic oxonium ylide generation and rearrangement. The novel method in which intramolecular reaction of metal carbenoids with α-vinyl ethers and subsequent [2,3]-rearrangement of the cyclic oxonium ylide intermediates has been used as a powerful strategy to produce linearly fused bicyclic and tricyclic systems.

Following the success of our methodology, a key diazoketone intermediate was chosen to establish the viability of our strategy, before embarking on the total synthesis of Taxol. The efficient synthesis of the required diazoketone is discussed in detail, after the exploration of many different approaches. Finally, studies concerning the catalytic decomposition of the diazoketone towards the tricyclic core system of Taxol are presented.
Comparison of Fusion Algorithms for ALOS Panchromatic and Multi-spectral Images (2008)

The fusion of multi-source remote sensing images can utilize the multi-source information and obtain richer and more objective information compared with the single source image data. ALOS is a new source of high-resolution satellite data, hence research on the practical methods for ALOS data fusion has great significance in prompting the ALOS data application. Based on the features of ALOS data, some common fusion algorithms are experimented and compared. Results of different fusion methods are analyzed in terms of spatial resolution enhancement and spectral information maintenance. As far as the fusion of AVNIR_4, 3, 2 multi-spectral and PRISM_PAN bands selected are concerned, the experiments show that the Brovey method has the advantage over other fusion methods in the aspect of visual representation and identifying precision.
Application of BagIt-Serialized Research Object Bundles for Packaging and Re-execution of Computational Analyses (2019)

In this paper we describe our experience adopting the Research Object Bundle (RO-Bundle) format with BagIt <br> serialization (BagIt-RO) for the design and implementation of "tales" in the Whole Tale <br> platform. A <em>tale</em> is an executable research object intended for the dissemination of <br> computational scientific findings that captures information needed to facilitate understanding, <br> transparency, and re-execution for review and computational reproducibility at the time of publication. <br> We describe the Whole Tale platform and requirements that led to our adoption of BagIt-RO, specifics <br> of our implementation, and discuss migrating to the emerging Research Object Crate (RO-Crate) <br> standard.