gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE EXISTING STATUS OF SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN UPPER SCHOOL CHEMISTRY OF SRI LANKA (2020)

School Based Assessment (SBA) system at Advanced Level classes of Sri Lanka was implemented since 2009. At the beginning there were fifteen assessments to be completed with five practical assessments to get the eligibility for the final examination. There are five assessments that must be completed to get the eligibility for General Certificate of Education in Advanced Level G.C.E (A/L) examination which is implementing from 2019 onwards. This study is mainly focused on the identification of the current status of SBA regarding Chemistry subject as well investigate the drawbacks and remedial actions that can be taken. Marks of the School based assessment in (G.C.E (A/L)) Chemistry should always be used as the measure of teaching-learning process. It should provide the student as well as teacher to evaluate themselves on the lesson that they taught. Unfortunately, this is not happening in our current system and hence is not a landmark of students’ achievement or success of teaching learning process. Therefore most of the teachers use the same teaching and assessing methodology without any change throughout the assigned time period giving minute attention to the achievement of their students and pay much attention to cover whole syllabus rather than checking the conceptual establishment in them. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 356 students of seven provinces and 170 teachers from nine provinces. Teachers were selected from 1AB and 1C schools from the province. Students’ data were collected from two schools of the province from both male and female students of grade12 and 13 according to the number of students in that class. Further the qualitative data collection was done through focused group discussions and interviews. These discussions were conducted in three districts with the participation of eight teachers and twenty eight students. Forty final codes were identified and they were categorized under ten segments. Then sub themes were identified and according to them, seven themes were identified. 75% of the teachers who were participated in the survey had identified the importance of SBA. About 67% of them suggested the more teacher and student friendly assessment system. They requested more guidance from higher authorities, proper training and well-organized assessment models. According to the student point of view, about 60% of them requested more help from teachers to understand the subject matter, reliable marking system which aims to the final examination. Article visualizations:
Lipoprotein lipases from cow, guinea-pig and man. Structural characterization and identification of protease-sensitive internal regions (1986)

Lipoprotein lipases from human, bovine or guinea-pig milk were purified, judged for domain relationships by characterization of sites sensitive to proteases, and structurally compared. The subunit of human lipoprotein lipase migrated slightly slower than those of bovine or guinea-pig lipoprotein lipases on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bovine lipoprotein lipase is known to be a dimer of two non-covalently linked subunits of equal size, and the lipases from all three sources now yielded homogeneous N-terminal amino acid sequences (followed for 15-27 residues). The results indicate that the two subunits are identical. Bovine lipoprotein lipase had two additional N-terminal residues, Asp-Arg, compared to the human and guinea-pig enzymes, and the next two positions revealed residue differences, but further on homologies were extensive between all three enzymes as far as presently traced. Exposure of bovine lipoprotein lipase to trypsin led to production of three fragments (T1, T2a, and T2b), suggesting cleavage at exposed segments delineating domain borders. Time studies gave no evidence for precursor-product relationships between the fragments, and prolonged digestion did not lead to further cleavage. Fragments T2a and T2b had the same N-terminal sequence as intact lipase. Fragment T1 revealed a new sequence, and represents the C-terminal half of the molecule. Plasmin caused a similar cleavage as trypsin, whereas thrombin, factor Xa, and tissue plasminogen activator did not cleave the enzyme. Chymotrypsin cleaved off a relatively small fragment from the C-terminal of the molecule, after which exposure to trypsin still resulted in cleavage at the same sites as in intact lipase. Tryptic cleavage of guinea-pig lipoprotein lipase yielded two fragments. One had a similar size as bovine fragment T2b; the other had a similar size as bovine fragment T1 and an N-terminal sequence homologous with that of T1. Thus, trypsin recognizes the same unique site in guinea-pig lipoprotein lipase as in the bovine enzyme. This confirms the conclusion that this segment is the border between two domains in the subunit. The binding site for heparin was retained after both tryptic and chymotryptic cleavages and was identified as localized in the C-terminal part of the molecule.
Developing prosthetics to treat cognitive disabilities resulting from acquired brain injuries (2002)

Persistent cognitive disabilities represent the most troublesome consequences of acquired brain injury. Although these problems are widely recognized, few neuroprosthetic efforts have focused on developing therapeutic strategies aimed at improving general cognitive functions such as sustained attention, intention, working memory or awareness. If possible, effective modulation of these neuropsychologic components might improve recovery of interactive behaviors. The emerging field of neuromodulation holds promise that technologies developed to treat other neurological disorders may be adapted to address the cognitive problems of patients suffering from acquired brain injuries. We here discuss initial efforts at neuromodulation in patients in the persistent vegetative state and aspects of recent studies of the underlying neurobiology of PVS and other severe brain injuries. Innovative strategies for open-loop and closed-loop neuromodulation of impaired cognitive function are outlined. We discuss the possibilities of linking neuromodulation techniques to underlying neuronal mechanisms underpinning cognitive rehabilitation maneuvers. Ethical considerations surrounding the development of these strategies are reviewed.
Fast calibration for augmented reality (1999)

Augmented Reality overlays computer generated images over the real world. These images have to be generated using transformations which correctly project a point in virtual space onto its corresponding point in the real world.
ChemInform Abstract: Homologation of Indole‐3‐carboxylic Acids and Amides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NMR-like Control of a Quantum Bit Superconducting Circuit (2004)

Coherent superpositions of quantum states have already been demonstrated in different superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions. These circuits are now considered for implementing quantum bits. We report on experiments in which the state of a qubit circuit, the quantronium, is efficiently manipulated using methods inspired from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): multipulse sequences are used to perform arbitrary operations, to improve their accuracy, and to fight decoherence.
Increased survival after treatments with anticancer agents of Chinese hamster cells expressing the human Mr 27,000 heat shock protein. (1991)

A family of 10 thermoresistant cell lines cloned from Chinese hamster cells transfected with a plasmid containing the structural gene for the small human Mr 27,000 heat shock protein (HSP27) was used to assess the putative role of this heat shock protein in chemoresistance. These cells express varying amounts of human HSP27 in addition to the normal level of endogenous hamster HSP27. As previously observed in the case of thermoresistance, a significant positive linear correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between cell survival in response to doxorubicin and the total amount of HSP27 expressed. Some clones were also examined for resistance to other drugs and chemicals. A statistically significant increased survival relative to the parental cells was observed following treatment with daunorubicin (three clones studied), colchicine, vincristine, actinomycin D, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite (one clone studied). However, the clone which expressed the highest level of HSP27 was as sensitive as control cells to the cytotoxic action of bis-chloronitrosourea and 5-fluorouracil. The relationship between HSP27 overexpression and increased resistance to cytotoxic agents was also evaluated in three independent pooled cell populations stably transformed with both the human HSP27 and the xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene and selected on the basis of resistance to mycophenolic acid and aminopterin. The results indicated that these cells survived significantly better than the control cells transfected with the marker gene only when exposed to doxorubicin. HSP27-mediated cellular protection was not associated either with decreased drug accumulation or with overexpression of P-glycoprotein. It is suggested that HSP27 might be involved in some form of chemoresistance and could participate in the development of clinical resistance to antineoplastic drugs.
Re-annotation of genome microbial CoDing-Sequences: finding new genes and inaccurately annotated genes (2002)

The results described in the present study show that our procedure is very satisfactory in terms of gene finding accuracy. Except in few cases, discrepancies between our results and annotations provided by individual authors can be accounted for by the nature of each annotation process or by specific characteristics of some genomes. This stresses that close cooperation between scientists, regular update and curation of the findings in databases are clearly required to reduce the level of errors in genome annotation (and hence in reducing the unfortunate spreading of errors through centralized data libraries).
Optimal Transmission Power in Self-sustainable Sensor Networks for Pipeline Monitoring (2007)

In this paper, we present a self-sustainable sensor network model for integrity monitoring of pipeline infrastructures. Sensor nodes consist of energy harvesting modules which help them to be always alive and hence monitor the pipeline continuously. These nodes report in a multi-hop fashion to more expensive sink nodes that can broadcast to the base station. The main objective of the paper is to compute the minimal number of sinks required to keep the network connected and satisfy the required constraints. Firstly, we present an algorithm (CON_NET) for determining if a network is connected. We propose a modified bisection algorithm to compute the maximum sampling rate for a given number of sinks nodes. Further, we propose an algorithm for computing the minimal number of sink nodes required. We illustrate the use of algorithms by providing design guidelines for a sensor network on a linear pipeline structure.
Surfactant protein D is a candidate biomarker for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage (2014)

Variation in surfactant protein D (SP-D) is associated with lung function in tobacco smoke-induced chronic respiratory disease. We hypothesized that the same association exists in the general population and could be used to identify individuals sensitive to smoke-induced lung damage. The association between serum SP-D (sSP-D) and expiratory lung function was assessed in a cross-sectional design in a Danish twin population (n = 1,512, 18-72 yr old). The adjusted heritability estimates for expiratory lung function, associations between SP-D gene (SFTPD) single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes, and expiratory lung function were assessed using twin study methodology and mixed-effects models. Significant inverse associations were evident between sSP-D and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in the presence of current tobacco smoking but not in nonsmokers. The two SFTPD single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1923536 and rs721917, and haplotypes, including these single-nucleotide polymorphisms or rs2243539, were inversely associated with expiratory lung function in interaction with smoking. In conclusion, SP-D is phenotypically and genetically associated with lung function measures in interaction with tobacco smoking. The obtained data suggest sSP-D as a candidate biomarker in risk assessments for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage. The data and derived conclusion warrant confirmation in a longitudinal population following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease initiation and development.
Application of the FDTD method and a full time-domain near-field transform to the problem of radiation from a PCB (1993)

The finite-difference time-domain method is combined with a full tinie-domain near-field transform to yield accurately and efficiently the radiated field levels measured at a distance of 3m from a printed circuit board.
Total Synthesis of Kendomycin:  A Macro−C−Glycosidation Approach (2004)

Kendomycin, also known as (-)-TAN 2162, is a novel polyketide-derived ansamycin isolated from Streptomyces sp., which exhibits potent antagonist and agonist activities at the endothelin and calcitonin receptors, respectively. This bacterial metabolite also possesses a strong antibiotic activity against a range of gram-positive and -negative bacteria and cytostatic effects on the growth of human cancer cell lines. When a novel macroglycosidation reaction is employed as the key step, the first enantioselective total synthesis of kendomycin has been accomplished. A Friedel-Crafts-type ring closure of the acyclic precursor containing tetrahydropyran and benzofuran moieties produces the macrocycle as a single stereoisomer in good yield, thus establishing the aryl C-glycosidic linkage of the ansa core. This reaction requires a phenolic glycosyl acceptor and appears to proceed through a rapid O-glycosidation followed by a slow rearrangement to an aryl C-glycoside. The requisite secomacrocycle is prepared by the Pd(0)-catalyzed B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of two subunits, which in turn can be expeditiously assembled from readily available building blocks in a modular fashion.
Conspicuity of moving soldiers (2011)

The construction and validation of soldier combat models requires data on the conspicuity of camouflaged targets in the field, and human targets in particular.So far, this data is lacking.Also, it si currently unknown to what degree luminance contrast and motion contribute to target conspicuity.These data are needed to enable the validation and further development of human visual search performance modules in soldier combat models like SCOPE or IWARS.In this study we measured the conspicuity of a person wearing a Dutch army camouflage uniform, while he was either standing still, walking or running along a forest in the background, both for viewing with the naked eye (NE) and for viewing dynamic thermal scene recordings (IR).We varied the viewing distance (80m and 230 m), the camouflage pattern (woodland and desert), the type of background (pine-tree and deciduous forest), and season (summer and winter), The IR (thermal) conspicuity of the person was much larger than his NE (visual) conspicuity.In both cases the effects of movement were large and saturated as a function of retinal target speed.For NE, we find large effects of shading that can not explained by local luminance contrast variations.Also for NE, conspicuity was reduced in winter, probably as a result of an increase in scene clutter.The results suggest that conspicuity is not only a function of retinal target motion and global luminance contrast, but also depends on the amount of clutter in the scene.
Biological cost of tolerance to heavy metals in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (2010)

The global rate of heavy metal pollution is rapidly increasing in various habitats. Anopheles malaria vector species (Diptera: Culicidae) appear to tolerate many aquatic habitats with metal pollutants, despite their normal proclivity for 'clean' water (i.e. low levels of organic matter). Investigations were conducted to establish whether there are biological costs for tolerance to heavy metals in Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto and to assess the potential impact of heavy metal pollution on mosquito ecology. Anopheles gambiae s.s. were selected for cadmium, copper or lead tolerance through chronic exposure of immature stages to solutions of the metals for three successive generations. Biological costs were assessed in the fourth generation by horizontal life table analysis. Tolerance in larvae to cadmium (as cadmium chloride, CdCl(2)), copper [as copper II nitrate hydrate, Cu(NO(3))(2) 2.5 H(2)O] and lead [as lead II nitrate, Pb(NO(3))(2)], monitored by changes in LC(50) concentrations of the metals, changed from 6.07 microg/L, 12.42 microg/L and 493.32 microg/L to 4.45 microg/L, 25.02 microg/L and 516.69 microg/L, respectively, after three generations of exposure. The metal-selected strains had a significantly lower magnitude of egg viability, larval and pupal survivorship, adult emergence, fecundity and net reproductive rate than the control strain. The population doubling times were significantly longer and the instantaneous birth rates lower in most metal-selected strains relative to the control strain. Our results suggest that although An. gambiae s.s. displays the potential to develop tolerance to heavy metals, particularly copper, this may occur at a significant biological cost, which can adversely affect its ecological fitness.
Induction of Alternatively Activated Macrophages Enhances Pathogenesis during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2012)

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) causes acute lung injury (ALI) that often leads to severe lung disease. A mouse model of acute SARS-CoV infection has been helpful in understanding the host response to infection; however, there are still unanswered questions concerning SARS-CoV pathogenesis. We have shown that STAT1 plays an important role in the severity of SARS-CoV pathogenesis and that it is independent of the role of STAT1 in interferon signaling. Mice lacking STAT1 have greater weight loss, severe lung pathology with pre-pulmonary-fibrosis-like lesions, and an altered immune response following infection with SARS-CoV. We hypothesized that STAT1 plays a role in the polarization of the immune response, specifically in macrophages, resulting in a worsened outcome. To test this, we created bone marrow chimeras and cell-type-specific knockouts of STAT1 to identify which cell type(s) is critical to protection from severe lung disease after SARS-CoV infection. Bone marrow chimera experiments demonstrated that hematopoietic cells are responsible for the pathogenesis in STAT1(-/-) mice, and because of an induction of alternatively activated (AA) macrophages after infection, we hypothesized that the AA macrophages were critical for disease severity. Mice with STAT1 in either monocytes and macrophages (LysM/STAT1) or ciliated lung epithelial cells (FoxJ1/STAT1) deleted were created. Following infection, LysM/STAT1 mice display severe lung pathology, while FoxJ1/STAT1 mice display normal lung pathology. We hypothesized that AA macrophages were responsible for this STAT1-dependent pathology and therefore created STAT1/STAT6(-/-) double-knockout mice. STAT6 is essential for the development of AA macrophages. Infection of the double-knockout mice displayed a lack of lung disease and prefibrotic lesions, suggesting that AA macrophage production may be the cause of STAT1-dependent lung disease. We propose that the control of AA macrophages by STAT1 is critical to regulating immune pathologies and for protection from long-term progression to fibrotic lung disease in a mouse model of SARS-CoV infection.
Genetic exchange between endogenous and exogenous LINE-1 repetitive elements in mouse cells (1990)

The repetitive LINE (L1) elements of the mouse, which are present at about 10(5) copies per genome and share over 80% of sequence homology, were examined for their ability to undergo genetic exchange with exogenous L1 sequences. The exogenous L1 sequences, carried by a shuttle vector, consisted of an internal fragment from L1Md-A2, a previously described member of the L1 family of the mouse. Using an assay that does not require the reconstitution of a selectable marker we found that this vector, in either circular or linear form, acquired DNA sequences from endogenous L1 elements at a frequency of 10(-3) to 10(-4) per rescued vector. Physical analysis of the acquired L1 sequences revealed that distinct endogenous L1 elements acted as donors and that different subfamilies participated. These results demonstrate that L1 elements are readily capable of genetic exchange. Apart from gene conversion events, the acquisition of L1 sequences outside the region of homology suggested that a second mechanism was also involved in the genetic exchange. A model which accounts for this mechanism is presented and its potential implication on the rearrangement of L1 elements is discussed.
Cannabinoids and Memory; Animal Studies (2003)

This review will consider studies concerning the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists on memory in laboratory animals. Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors have been identified to date: the central CB1 subtype and the peripheral CB2 subtype. The receptor which specifically binds Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) and related compounds in rat and human brain has been discovered and cloned by a number of researchers. This cannabinoid receptor is localized with high concentrations in different brain areas, including hippocampus and amygdala, which play an important role in the modulation of memory. In recent years evidence has been obtained that cannabinoids influence memory processes. It has been shown, for example, that Delta9-THC impairs memory in rats, mice and monkeys tested in a variety of experimental conditions (radial maze, instrumental discrimination tasks, Morris water maze, etc.). In some of these researches the effect of Delta9-THC was antagonized by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A, showing the involvement of this subtype of cannabinoid receptor in its effect. Anandamide, arachidonylethanolamide, was recently discovered as the first endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptor. It has been reported to stimulate CB1 receptors and to mimic the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids. Experiments carried out by our group have shown that anandamide impairs memory consolidation in random bred mice (CD1), exerts genotype-dependent influences on memory in inbred strain of mice (C57 BL/6 and DBA/2), and that opioid and dopaminergic systems might be involved in its effects.
Effect of Measurement Conditions on Low-Level Contact Resistance (1984)

The degradation of low-level contacts can be characterized the evaluation of their contact resistance with time. There is no doubt, vever, that the measurement conditions have a definite influence on the faults. This has been shown by tests made in a polluted atmosphere containing 0.5 ppm hydrogen sulfide and 1 ppm sulphur dioxide under controlled temperature and relative humidity Conditions. Contact resistance measurements were made on significant samples at a low-level voltage mV) and with direct currents ranging from 0.1 to 100 mA. This enabled contact resistance distribution to be determined and its evolution followed by day for silver contacts. It was found that a test current of 100 mA, not suitable for characterization of low-level contacts over a period of ee weeks.