gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometry of planetary exospheres at high relative velocity: direct comparison of open- and closed-source measurements (2017)

Abstract. The exploration of habitable environments on or inside icy moons around the gas giants in the solar system is of major interest in upcoming planetary missions. Exactly this theme is addressed by the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission of ESA, which will characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats. We developed a prototype of the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass spectrometer (NIM) of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) for the JUICE mission intended for composition measurements of neutral gas and thermal plasma. NIM/PEP will be used to measure the chemical composition of the exospheres of the icy Jovian moons. Besides direct ion measurement, the NIM instrument is able to measure the inflowing neutral gas in two different modes: in neutral mode, where the gas enters directly the ion source (open source), and in thermal mode, where the gas gets thermally accommodated to the wall temperature by several collisions inside an equilibrium sphere, called antechamber, before entering the ion source (closed source). We performed measurements with the prototype NIM using a neutral gas beam of 1 up to 4.5 km s−1 velocity in the neutral and thermal mode. The current trajectory of JUICE foresees a flyby velocity of 4 km s−1 at Europa; other flybys are in the range of 1 up to 7 km s−1 and orbital velocity in Ganymede orbits is around 2 km s−1. Different species are used for the gas beam, such as noble gases Ne, Ar, Kr as well as molecules like H2, methane, ethane, propane and more complex ones. The NIM prototype was successfully tested under realistic JUICE mission conditions. In addition, we find that the antechamber (closed source) behaves as expected with predictable density enhancement over the specified mass range and within the JUICE mission phase velocities. Furthermore, with the open source and the closed source we measure almost the same composition for noble gases, as well as for molecules, indicating no additional fragmentation of the species recorded with the antechamber for the investigated parameter range.
Stability properties of slotted Aloha with multipacket reception capability (1988)

The stability of the Aloha random-access algorithm in an infinite-user slotted channel with multipacket-reception capability is considered. This channel is a generalization of the usual collision channel, in that it allows the correct reception of one or more packets involved in a collision. The number of successfully received packets in each slot is modeled as a random variable which depends exclusively on the number of simultaneously attempted transmissions. This general model includes as special cases channels with capture, noise, and code-division multiplexing. It is shown by drift analysis that the channel backlog Markov chain is ergodic if the packet-arrival rate is less than the expected number of packets successfully received in a collision of n as n goes to infinity. The properties of the backlog in the nonergodicity region are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reduced order, passive models for liquid transmission lines (2005)

Models for the dynamic behaviour of transmission lines are essential for the understanding of wave propagation phenomena in hydraulic pipelines and hoses. If the Reynolds numbers are low enough to justify the assumption of laminar flow and if convective terms are negligible, the governing equations are linear and a very compact description of the input-output behaviour of a transmission line exists in the frequency domain. For a coupled simulation of networks of transmission lines interacting with other, possibly nonlinear components such as valves, there are numerous approaches for the approximation of the transcendental transfer functions arising from the transmission line modelling by finite dimensional models in the time domain. Discrete-time approaches such as the method of characteristics with a fixed grid are known to be very accurate but computationally ineffec- tive due to the high number of state variables involved. This paper shows a method for the derivation of reduced order models with a trade-off between the degree of accuracy and the system order and with the additional feature that important properties like the passivity of the transmission line model is guaranteed.
Dose accuracy of the redesigned follitropin alfa pen injector for infertility treatment (2016)

These studies demonstrate that the redesigned pen injector functions reliably, dispensing accurate doses under the range of conditions studied.
Effects of different treatment bio-medium on seeds germination and growth of petunia hybrida (2014)

The germination rate and growth condition of petunia hybrida were studied by using the industrial breeding cultivation substrates for the petunia hybrida which mixed with bio-medium of corn straw and different proportions of peanut shells and vermiculite.The results show that:compared with other treatments,the treatment of 60%corn stalk bio-medium+40% peanut shells was the highest germination rate in the stipulated time;During the seedling growth period,plant fresh matter weight,dry matter weight and the root matter weight were all higher than other treatments,and the number of branch was the most and the branch length was longer than the other treatments..Conclusion:the bio-medium of 60%corn stalk bio-medium +40%peanut shells was the best substrate to culture seeding offor the petunia hybrida(violet).
Gaussian Processes for Regression: A Quick Introduction (2008)

Figure 1 illustrates a typical example of a prediction problem: given some noisy observations of a dependent variable at certain values of the independent variable , what is our best estimate of the dependent variable at a new value, ? If we expect the underlying function to be linear, and can make some assumptions about the input data, we might use a least-squares method to fit a straight line (linear regression). Moreover, if we suspect may also be quadratic, cubic, or even nonpolynomial, we can use the principles of model selection to choose among the various possibilities. Gaussian process regression (GPR) is an even finer approach than this. Rather than claiming relates to some specific models (e.g. ), a Gaussian process can represent obliquely, but rigorously, by letting the data ‘speak’ more clearly for themselves. GPR is still a form of supervised learning, but the training data are harnessed in a subtler way. As such, GPR is a less ‘parametric’ tool. However, it’s not completely free-form, and if we’re unwilling to make even basic assumptions about , then more general techniques should be considered, including those underpinned by the principle of maximum entropy; Chapter 6 of Sivia and Skilling (2006) offers an introduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Isopropenyl‐o‐carborane and o‐Carborane Under High Pressures and at High Temperatures. (1987)

ChemInformVolume 18, Issue 15 Organoelement Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Isopropenyl-o-carborane and o-Carborane Under High Pressures and at High Temperatures. V. V. GAVRILOV, V. V. GAVRILOV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorO. A. VORONOV, O. A. VORONOV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorV. S. BOGDANOV, V. S. BOGDANOV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorL. S. KASHEVAROVA, L. S. KASHEVAROVA Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorV. M. ZHULIN, V. M. ZHULIN Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorE. N. YAKOVLEV, E. N. YAKOVLEV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorI. P. YAKOVLEV, I. P. YAKOVLEV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this author V. V. GAVRILOV, V. V. GAVRILOV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorO. A. VORONOV, O. A. VORONOV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorV. S. BOGDANOV, V. S. BOGDANOV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorL. S. KASHEVAROVA, L. S. KASHEVAROVA Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorV. M. ZHULIN, V. M. ZHULIN Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorE. N. YAKOVLEV, E. N. YAKOVLEV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this authorI. P. YAKOVLEV, I. P. YAKOVLEV Inst. org. khim. im. Zelinskogo AN SSSR, MoskvaSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 14, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198715246AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue15April 14, 1987 RelatedInformation
The recombinant GABA transporter GAT1 is downregulated upon activation of protein kinase C (1995)

Treatment of human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing the rat gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1) with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was found to decrease the velocity of specific [3H]GABA uptake. This downregulation varied with extracellular GABA concentration and was blocked by the PKC inhibitors 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) and staurosporine. An about 50% reduction of uptake velocity by PMA treatment was observed at GABA concentrations > 1 microM, whereas only a minor effect was seen at low substrate concentrations. These data indicate that GAT1 activity is downregulated by PKC activation.
Interactive design of 2D car profiles with aerodynamic feedback (2023)

Abstract The design of car shapes requires a delicate balance between aesthetic and performance. While fluid simulation provides the means to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of a given shape, its computational cost hinders its usage during the early explorative phases of design, when aesthetic is decided upon. We present an interactive system to assist designers in creating aerodynamic car profiles. Our system relies on a neural surrogate model to predict fluid flow around car shapes, providing fluid visualization and shape optimization feedback to designers as soon as they sketch a car profile. Compared to prior work that focused on time‐averaged fluid flows, we describe how to train our model on instantaneous, synchronized observations extracted from multiple pre‐computed simulations, such that we can visualize and optimize for dynamic flow features, such as vortices. Furthermore, we architectured our model to support gradient‐based shape optimization within a learned latent space of car profiles. In addition to regularizing the optimization process, this latent space and an associated encoder‐decoder allows us to input and output car profiles in a bitmap form, without any explicit parameterization of the car boundary. Finally, we designed our model to support pointwise queries of fluid properties around car shapes, allowing us to adapt computational cost to application needs. As an illustration, we only query our model along streamlines for flow visualization, we query it in the vicinity of the car for drag optimization, and we query it behind the car for vortex attenuation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Pseudo‐Sugars Related to Allosamizoline. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 6/3 (2009)

Abstract These proceedings contain the contributions of the 3rd Sino–German Symposium “The Silicon Age: Silicon for Microelectronics, Photonics and Photovoltaics”, which was held from 9 to 14 June 2008 in the HNA Hotel, Hangzhou, P.R. China. Nearly 30 scientists from Germany and China were invited to present their views about different aspects of silicon. In the silicon age, microelectronics has driven the high‐speed development of economy, science and technology in the world during the last century and affects now every aspect of our life. Solar cells based on crystalline Si are expected to cover more than 10% of the worldwide energy consumption in a few decades. Furthermore, there are intensive research activities regarding Si‐based photonics, including on‐chip integration of photonics in CMOS IC technology. In addition, new areas being connected with silicon are starting to appear, such as electrical biochips, micro‐opto‐electro‐mechanics or nanotechnology and nanoelectronics. Silicon, one can reasonably argue, is the most intensively studied solid element of all materials in the world. However, there is still a need for continuation of research and development regarding numerous aspects of Si, which are the field of work of many laboratories all over the world. Examples for such ‘hot’ areas are larger Si crystals/wafers, SiGe hetrostructures for high speed devices, Si‐based light emitters, application of Si in new micro‐opto‐electro‐mechanic devices etc. During the 3rd Sino–German symposium, the progress regarding crystalline silicon materials in different areas has been discussed. German and Chinese scientists from universities and research institutes presented their views about the various facets of silicon materials. The symposium provided a forum for a fruitful, intensive and open communication allowing the participants to build up or intensify relationships for a close cooperation in future. We would like to thank all participants of the symposium for their contributions and the Sino–German Science Centre in Beijing for the financial support of the symposium. October 2008
A spiking network for body size learning inspired by the fruit fly (2013)

The concept of peripersonal space is an interesting research topics for psychologists, neurobiologists and for robotic applications. A living being can learn the representation of its own body to take the correct behavioral decision when interacting with the world. To transfer these important learning mechanisms on bio-robots, simple and efficient solutions can be found in the insect world. In this paper a neural-based model for body-size learning is proposed taking into account the results obtained in experiments with fruit flies. Simulations and experimental results on a roving platform are reported and compared with the biological counterpart.
ACTION OF OXYGEN ON THE CARBOHYDRATES OF A KRAFT PULP. THE INFLUENCE OF A SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE PRE-TREATMENT (2001)

Abstract A fully bleached softwood kraft pulp was chosen as a model for pulp carbohydrates. The pulp was submitted to oxygen bleaching stages, to study the action of oxygen upon carbohydrates in the absence of lignin. The pulp was not degraded under mild conditions. In the presence of several metal ions, the carbohydrates were severely degraded by oxygen. Under these conditions, intermediate HO· radicals were detected. The results suggested an additional pathway to the classical mechanism proposed in the literature. The influence of a pulp pre-treatment with sodium borohydride was studied, and the origin of its protective effect during oxygen bleaching was demonstrated. Acknowledgments
A subthreshold down converter optimized for super-low-power applications in MICS Band (2011)

This paper presents a super low power MICS band receiver front-end down converter on 65 nm CMOS for Bionic Eye or other implantable biomedical devices. This down converter, including a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a quadratrue mixer, consumes a mere 500-μA DC current under 1-V supply. With a small differential local oscillation (LO) swing of 300 mV, it provides a voltage conversion gain of 34 dB with a noise figure of 7 dB, while a -27.5-dBm IIP3 is obtained. In order to achieve super low power, current-reuse structure is adopted and all transistors are operated in subthreshold region. A noise figure optimization technique is developed for optimal on-chip power matching for the subthreshold cascode LNA. Circuits level issues and techniques are also discussed.
Humic substances act as electron acceptor and redox mediator for microbial dissimilatory azoreduction by Shewanella decolorationis S12. (2007)

The potential for humic substances to serve as terminal electron acceptors in microbial respiration and the effects of humic substances on microbial azoreduction were investigated. The dissimilatory azoreducing microorganism Shewanella decolorationis S12 was able to conserve energy to support growth from electron transport to humics coupled to the oxidation of various organic substances or H2. Batch experiments suggested that when the concentration of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS), a humics analog, was lower than 3 mmol/l, azoreduction of strain S12 was accelerated under anaerobic condition. However, there was obvious inhibition to azoreduction when the concentration of the AQS was higher than 5 mmol/l. Another humics analog, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQDS), could still prominently accelerate azoreduction, even when the concentration was up to 12 mmol/l, but the rate of acceleration gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of the AQDS. Toxic experiments revealed that AQS can inhibit growth of strain S12 if the concentration past a critical one, but AQDS had no effect on the metabolism and growth of strain S12 although the concentration was up to 20 mmol/l. These results demonstrated that a low concentration of humic substances not only could serve as the terminal electron acceptors for conserving energy for growth, but also act as redox mediator shuttling electrons for the anaerobic azoreduction by S. decolorationis S12. However, a high concentration of humic substances could inhibit the bacterial azoreduction, resulting on the one hand from the toxic effect on cell metabolism and growth, and on the other hand from competion with azo dyes for electrons as electron acceptor.
Improved robustness of reinforcement learning policies upon conversion to spiking neuronal network platforms applied to ATARI games (2019)

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) demonstrates excellent performance on tasks that can be solved by trained policy. It plays a dominant role among cutting-edge machine learning approaches using multi-layer Neural networks (NNs). At the same time, Deep RL suffers from high sensitivity to noisy, incomplete, and misleading input data. Following biological intuition, we involve Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to address some deficiencies of deep RL solutions. Previous studies in image classification domain demonstrated that standard NNs (with ReLU nonlinearity) trained using supervised learning can be converted to SNNs with negligible deterioration in performance. In this paper, we extend those conversion results to the domain of Q-Learning NNs trained using RL. We provide a proof of principle of the conversion of standard NN to SNN. In addition, we show that the SNN has improved robustness to occlusion in the input image. Finally, we introduce results with converting full-scale Deep Q-network to SNN, paving the way for future research to robust Deep RL applications.
Investigation of Ligand-Stabilized Gold Clusters on Defect-Rich Titania (2017)

Chemically synthesized atomically precise gold clusters stabilized by triphenylphosphine ligands [Au₉(PPh₃)₈](NO₃)₃] were deposited onto the surface of titania fabricated via atomic layer deposition. The titania surface was pretreated by heating and sputtering. After deposition of the clusters onto pretreated titania, the samples were heated at 200 °C for 20 min under ultrahigh vacuum and subsequently investigated using metastableinduced electron spectroscopy to study the electronic structure of the outermost layer of the sample and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the surface of the sample. The former study revealed that two reference spectra are needed to explain the electronic structure of the sample. One reference spectrum is related to the titania substrate, while the second spectrum is related to the presence of the Au cluster cores and the ligands removed from the cluster cores. The latter study found that the Au 4f peak is shifted to lower binding energy and the P 2p peak to higher binding energy after heating. These are interpreted in the light of ligand removal and size evolution of Au particles upon heating of the clusters on titania. The important outcome of the present work is that defects introduced at the ALD titania surface via sputtering and heating strongly reduce the agglomeration of the Au clusters adsorbed to the surface.
ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response (2007)

ABCG2 was discovered in multi-drug-resistant cancer cells, with the identification of chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitoxantrone, flavopiridol, methotrexate and irinotecan as substrates. Later, drugs from other therapeutic groups were also described as substrates, including antibiotics, antivirals, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and flavonoids. An expanding list of compounds inhibiting ABCG2 has also been generated. The wide variety of drugs transported by ABCG2 and its normal tissue distribution with highest levels in the placenta, intestine and liver, suggest a role in protection against xenobiotics. ABCG2 also has an important role in the pharmacokinetics of its substrates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene were shown to alter either plasma concentrations of substrate drugs or levels of resistance against chemotherapeutic agents in cell lines. ABCG2 was also described as the determinant of the side population of stem cells. All these aspects of the transporter warrant further research aimed at understanding ABCG2's structure, function and regulation of expression.
Structured light methods for underwater imaging: light stripe scanning and photometric stereo (2005)

Virtually all structured light methods in computer vision assume that the scene and the sources are immersed in pure air and that light is neither scattered nor absorbed. Recently, however, structured lighting has found growing application in underwater and aerial imaging, where scattering effects cannot be ignored. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of two representative methods - light stripe range scanning and photometric stereo - in the presence of scattering. For both methods, we derive physical models for the appearances of a surface immersed in a scattering medium. Based on these models, we present results on (a) the condition for object detectability in light striping and (b) the number of sources required for photometric stereo. In both cases, we demonstrate that while traditional methods fail when scattering is significant, our methods accurately recover the scene (depths, normals, albedos) as well as the properties of the medium. These results are in turn used to restore the appearances of scenes as if they were captured in clear air. Although we have focused on light striping and photometric stereo, our approach can also be extended to other methods such as grid coding, gated and active polarization imaging.