gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific, High Affinity Binding Sites for an Antifungal Plant Defensin on Neurospora crassa Hyphae and Microsomal Membranes (1997)

Hs-AFP1, an antifungal plant defensin from seed of the plant Heuchera sanguinea, was radioactively labeled using t-butoxycarbonyl-[35S]L-methionine N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, resulting in a 35S-labeled peptide with unaltered antifungal activity. [35S]Hs-AFP1 was used to assess binding on living hyphae of the fungus Neurospora crassa. Binding of [35S]Hs-AFP1 was found to be competitive, reversible, and saturable with an apparent Kd of 29 nM and a Bmax of 1.4 pmol/mg protein. [35S]Hs-AFP1 also bound specifically and reversibly to microsomal membranes derived from N. crassa hyphae with a Kd of 27 nM and a Bmax of 102 pmol/mg protein. The similarity in Kd value between binding sites on hyphae and microsomes indicates that Hs-AFP1 binding sites reside on the plasma membrane. Binding of [35S]Hs-AFP1 to both hyphae and microsomal membranes could be competed to some extent by four different structurally related plant defensins but not by various structurally unrelated antimicrobial peptides. In addition, an inactive single amino acid substitution variant of the antifungal plant defensin Rs-AFP2 from Raphanus sativus seed was also unable to displace [35S]Hs-AFP1 from its binding sites, whereas Rs-AFP2 itself was able to compete with [35S]Hs-AFP1.
The CB1 cannabinoid receptor regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in mice (2023)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates energy metabolism, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and exerts its actions mainly through the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1). Likewise, autophagy is involved in several cellular processes. It is required for the normal development of muscle mass and metabolism, and its deregulation is associated with diseases. It is known that the CB1 regulates signaling pathways that control autophagy, however, it is currently unknown whether the ECS could regulate autophagy in the skeletal muscle of obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the role of the CB1 in regulating autophagy in skeletal muscle. We found concomitant deregulation in the ECS and autophagy markers in high-fat diet-induced obesity. In obese CB1-KO mice, the autophagy-associated protein LC3 II does not accumulate when mTOR and AMPK phosphorylation levels do not change. Acute inhibition of the CB1 with JD-5037 decreased LC3 II protein accumulation and autophagic flux. Our results suggest that the CB1 regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in both lean and obese mice.
Standard cell design with resolution-enhancement-technique-driven regularly placed contacts and gates (2005)

The practicability and methodology of applying resolution-enhancement-technique-driven regularly placed contacts and gates on standard cell layout design are studied. The regular placement enables more effective use of resolution enhancement techniques (RETs), which in turn enables a reduction of critical dimensions. Although regular placement of contacts and gates adds restrictions during cell layout, the overall circuit area can be made smaller and the number of extra masks and exposures can be kept to the lowest by careful selection of the grid pitch, using template-trim chromeless phase-shifting lithography approaches, enabling unrestricted contact placement in one direction, and using rectangular rather than square contacts. Four different fabrication-friendly layouts are compared. The average area change of 64 standard cells in a 130-nm library range from -4.2 to -15.8% with the four fabrication-friendly layout approaches. The area change of five test circuits using the four approaches range from -16.2 to +2.6%. Dynamic power consumption and intrinsic delay also improve with the decrease in circuits area, which is verified with the examination results.
Design of a 16-bit ultra-low cost fully printable slot-loaded dual-polarized chipless RFID tag (2011)

A novel design of an ultra-low cost fully printable slot-loaded dual-polarized 16-bit chipless RFID tag is presented. The tag consists of four rectangular patches loaded with 16 slot resonators. Slots of same polarization for adjacent frequencies are placed alternately into two patches to reduce the mutual coupling between the slots. Then two similar sets are placed in horizontal and vertical polarization to double the number of bits within the same frequency bandwidth. The tag can be detected using a dual-polarized waveguide or dual-polarized antennas. This compact tag occupied only 15mm×15mm area, hence can be printed cheaply on one side of plastic or paper substrates. It has the potential to replace barcodes which are printed in billions.
Dissecting the Mechanisms of Spatiotemporal Mode-Locking (2020)

We uncover the mechanisms behind a range of new 3D solitons in multimode lasers using an approach called attractor dissection. Experimental measurements allow us to decompose multimode states containing up to 30 million locked modes.
High-power stable chemical oxygen iodine laser (1991)

A high-power chemical oxygen iodine laser system has been developed with industrial applications in mind. The present system shows fairly high efficiency, good stability, and reasonably good beam quality applicable to practical applications. Highly efficient power transmission through optical fibers has been demonstrated.
Synthetic Data Generation for Deep Learning-Based Inversion for Velocity Model Building (2023)

Recent years have seen deep learning (DL) architectures being leveraged for learning the nonlinear relationships across the parameters in seismic inversion problems in order to better analyse the subsurface, such as improved velocity model building (VMB). In this study, we focus on deep-learning-based inversion (DLI) for velocity model building, leveraging on a conditional generative adversarial network (PIX2PIX) with ResNet-9 as generator, as well as a comprehensive mathematical methodology for generating samples of multi-stratified heterogeneous velocity models for training the DLI architecture. We demonstrate that the proposed architecture can achieve state-of-the-art performance in reconstructing velocity models using only one seismic shot, thus reducing cost and computational complexity. We also demonstrate that the proposed solution is generalisable across linear multi-layer models, curved or folded structures, structures with salt bodies as well as higher-resolution structures built from geological images through quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
Differential expression of the mouse cholecystokinin gene during brain and gut development. (1985)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide found in brain and intestine. In this report, we have isolated a cDNA clone that encodes CCK from a mouse brain cDNA library. This cDNA clone has extensive homology to CCK precursors that have been sequenced previously. Southern blots of genomic DNA probed with this cDNA clone revealed single bands for each of eight different restriction enzymes, all of which could be accounted for by a single genomic clone, suggesting that the CCK gene is present as a single-copy gene in mice. RNA blots, primer extensions, and S1 nuclease protection assays have suggested that the same RNA start site is utilized in brain and in gut. Finally, we have shown, by using RNA blots and a radioimmunoassay specific for CCK, that CCK is expressed at maximum adult levels in intestine at birth but that adult concentrations of CCK and its mRNA are not reached in brain until much later in development.
Expression of caspase-3 and -9 relevant to cartilage destruction and chondrocyte apoptosis in human osteoarthritic cartilage. (2001)

To clarify the involvement of the caspase family in the pathway of NO-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage obtained from 8 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were used for histopathological study. Cartilage samples taken from non-fibrillated areas of femoral head resected during surgery for femoral neck fracture were used for comparison. DNA fragmentation of chondrocytes was detected by the nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. Apoptosis was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The distributions of nitrotyrosine (NT), caspase-3, and -9 were examined immunohistochemically. The populations of apoptotic as well as NT-, caspase-3-, and -9-positive cells were quantified by counting the number of cells in the superficial, middle, and deep layers, respectively. The TUNEL-positive cells were observed primarily in superficial proliferating chondrocytes, clustering chondrocytes, and deep-layer chondrocytes of OA cartilage. Few positive cells were seen in the proliferating chondrocytes in the middle layer. Positive reactions for caspase-3 and -9 were observed in chondrocytes in similar areas. Histological OA grade showed significant correlations with the mean populations of apoptotic chondrocytes (% apoptosis) over the 3 areas. The populations of NT-positive cells (% NT) over the same areas also showed significant correlation with OA grade. Positivity for caspase-3 closely correlated with the OA grade, % apoptosis and %NT. It was concluded that caspase-3 and -9 could play a role in NO-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in OA cartilage.
The importance of growth factors for preimplantation embryo development and in-vitro culture (2008)

Embryos are naturally exposed to a complex mixture of growth factors that play an important role in preimplantation embryo development and that are likely to be of substantial benefit if added to in-vitro culture media.
CCDC 794276: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2012)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Preparation and antitumor activity of 4'-thio analogs of 2,2'-anhydro-1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and antitumor activity of 4'-thio analogs of 2,2'-anhydro-1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosylcytosineN. Ototani and Roy L. WhistlerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 5, 535–537Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00251a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00251a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early repolarization in the inferolateral leads of the electrocardiogram : prevalence, prognosis and characteristics (2013)

“Early repolarization” (ER), consisting of J waves and ST-segment elevation in the standard 12lead electrocardiogram (ECG), has been considered a benign finding for over 60 years until 2008 an over-presentation of ER ECG pattern in infero-lateral leads was described in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the prevalence and prognostic significance, and to characterize the clinical features of this ECG pattern primarily in the general population. This thesis investigated the electrocardiographic features of a total of 20,308 general population individuals, 565 athletes, 432 victims of sudden cardiac death and 532 survivors of an acute coronary event. The overall prevalence of infero-lateral ER ECG pattern in the general population samples was in range between 3.3 and 6.1 percent. ER seemed to have a heritable basis as siblings of individuals displaying the ER pattern had significantly increased odds for presenting this ECG pattern. Several strong associations between ER pattern and clinical factors were observed in all populations. The ER patterns with horizontal or descending ST-segments were associated with significantly increased arrhythmic mortality during a follow-up of 30±11 years, and high amplitude (>0.2mV) J waves in the inferior leads were associated with a high risk of arrhythmic death (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio 3.13 (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 6.32). The ER ECG pattern was also independently associated with sudden cardiac death during an acute coronary event, with an odds ratio of 2.02 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.61) for suffering sudden death. The ER patterns with rapidly ascending ST-segments, the dominant type of ER ECG in young, healthy individuals, were not associated with any adverse outcomes. A multicentre meta-analysis of genome wide association study of ER ECG pattern performed in a total of 14,633 individuals pointed to an associated locus in KCND3 (Kv4.3) gene, which encodes a subunit of the Ito channel, but the association did not reach genome-wide significance and could not be replicated in all study populations. In conclusion, the results of these studies demonstrated that the ER ECG pattern with horizontal or descending ST-segments, especially in the inferior leads, is associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death in the general population, and that individuals carrying this ECG pattern are at increased risk of suffering fatal arrhythmia during an acute coronary event. The ER pattern with rapidly ascending ST-segments is common in young healthy athletes and is not associated with any increased risk of fatal events. Although the ER ECG pattern increases the relative risk of arrhythmic events, the absolute risk in an individual is low and therefore this ECG pattern should not be interpreted as a high-risk marker of mortality. The genetic background of this ECG pattern remains to be clarified.
Ubiquitous Zone (U-Zone) based Community Networking Technologies (2006)

This work introduces ubiquitous zone (u-zone) based community networking technologies project aimed at providing ubiquitous computing environment for community networking. A u-zone network architecture with ubiquitous zone master (u-ZM), which manages u-zone, is proposed. These u-ZMs form a mesh network via wireless backbone (WBB). Thus, u-zone network can be considered as a hybrid network of MANET between u-ZM and nodes and mesh network between u-ZMs. Either proactive or reactive routing protocol can be used in intrazone routing and inter-zone routing in the u-zone network. Thus, four routing modes are proposed and the detailed operations of them are illustrated. Then, the pros and cons of the four routing modes are discussed. Also, the proposed u-zone network supports routing between nodes operating with heterogeneous routing protocols in the same u-zone by heterogeneous routing protocol coordinator (HRPC). Our u-zone network with u-ZMs will serve as a new network infrastructure for future community networking for ubiquitous computing
Overview of the Innovative Space-Based Radar Antenna Technology Program (2011)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Correlation Between Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Volume in Taiwanese Men With Biopsy Proven Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2006)

In Taiwanese men with biopsy proven benign prostatic hyperplasia the volume of each prostate zone has significantly correlates with serum prostate specific antigen. The prostate specific antigen-total prostate volume relationship in Taiwanese men is different from that in white men. However, the prostate specific antigen-total prostate volume relationship between Taiwanese and Japanese men is similar.
The genealogy of SEREX. (2012)

The first time I met Lloyd Old was in late 1976, several weeks after I had started a fellowship at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in New York City. With the adventure of experiencing life in New York City as my major goal, I had come to MSKCC without clearly defined plans, only with a vague idea to study immunology in the context of the pathogenesis and therapy of cancer. The idea to employ immunology for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer was not widespread at that time in clinical medicine when density-gradient isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Ficoll-Hypaque was just introduced and T lymphocytes were defined by forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. As an M.D., I wanted to study human tumor immunology and, to this end, the lab of Bob Good, who at that time was president of MSKCC, seemed to be the appropriate place. Meanwhile, the lab of MSKCC’s vice president Lloyd Old had the reputation to be not very profitable for foreign fellows because it was well known that a publication (without which you would not dare return to Europe) with Dr. Old would take years and was not achievable without the sacrifice of late hours and work during the weekends. While the latter did not deter me, it was the fact that Dr. Old’s reputation was based on his excellent work on tumor immunology in the mouse that made me hesitate when Herbert Oettgen invited me to join Dr. Old’s group. I eventually accepted when Dr. Oettgen told me that I could work on a project on human tumor immunology without any “mouse work.”
Unsupervised tokenization for machine translation (2009)

Training a statistical machine translation starts with tokenizing a parallel corpus. Some languages such as Chinese do not incorporate spacing in their writing system, which creates a challenge for tokenization. Moreover, morphologically rich languages such as Korean present an even bigger challenge, since optimal token boundaries for machine translation in these languages are often unclear. Both rule-based solutions and statistical solutions are currently used. In this paper, we present unsupervised methods to solve tokenization problem. Our methods incorporate information available from parallel corpus to determine a good tokenization for machine translation.
Preparation and Evaluation of Beads Made of Different Calcium Alginate Compositions for Oral Sustained Release of Tiaramide (1998)

This study was undertaken to develop a sustained-release formulation of tiaramide (TAM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a short half-life, using alginate of different chemical compositions. Alginate gel beads containing TAM were prepared using a gelation of alginate with calcium cations. Bead performance was evaluated in vitro for different dissolution media and beads were also subjected to coating. TAM release was dependent both on its solubility in dissolution medium and the guluronate residue content of the alginate used. The release rate was in the following order: in pH 1.2 > pH 6.8 > water. The fast release rate in pH 1.2 is the result of the high solubility of TAM in acidic medium. Beads based on alginate rich in guluronate residue had the lowest release rate, which can be attributed to the compact structure formed by guluronate residues through cooperative interaction with calcium ions. Alginate beads were administered to beagle dogs, and pharmacokinetic parameters (mean residence time [MRT], tmax, Cmax, and AUC) were calculated. In vivo results were in good agreement with in vitro dissolution characteristics. Beads with high guluronate content gave the best controlled results. In addition, coated beads showed a more satisfactory sustained-release pattern. Calcium alginate appears to be a potential carrier for controlling drug release rate, even for water-soluble drugs such as TAM.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Emission from Sodalite Derivatives (2006)

The use of nanoporous host materials for luminescent guests has been extended into the near-infrared (NIR) regime using sodalite derivatives containing rare earth ions and the tungstate group (see Figure). The emission intensities obtained for Nd3+ meet or even surpass commercial Nd glasses. While Nd3+-tungstate-modified zeolites do not yield significant luminescence, NIR emission occurs in the sodalites due to the low phonon frequencies involved and the exclusion of water in particular.
Electrokinetics for Sample Preparation of Biological Molecules in Biological Samples Using Microfluidic Systems (2014)

Sample preparation is the first part of every analytical method, but is often considered only after the optimization of the method. It is traditionally performed using a range of techniques requiring extensive manual handling, with solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, protein precipitation and ultracentrfiguation, among others, being used depending on the targets and the application. In this article, we will focus on alternatives based on electrokinetics for applications including sample clean-up, concentration and derivatization of large biological molecules (DNA, peptides and proteins) of diagnostic importance, as well as small molecules as a tool for therapeutic drug monitoring. This article describes these approaches in terms of mechanisms, applicability and potential to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device for directly processing biological samples. Examples dealing with treated or clean samples have been excluded except where they show exceptionally high value.
Interrelationship of Alcohol and Lipid Metabolism in the Liver (1966)

Alcohol ingestion produces changes in blood lipids as well as changes in liver lipids. The administration of alcohol to human subjects as well as to the experimental animal produces increases in plasma triglycerides, followed at later stages by increases in serum fatty acids which seem to be derived primarily from adipose tissue. In the liver, a lipid accumulation develops which involves the participation of four reactions: (1.) an increased supply of fatty acids; (2.) decreased oxidation of fatty acids; (3.) an increased esterification of fatty acids to triglycerides; and (4.) a decreased release of triglycerides into the plasma at very high alcohol concentrations. These various mechanisms are discussed in some detail.
Design of nonrecursive filters by specification of frequency-domain zeros (1970)

The problem of designing nonrecursive digital filters in the frequency domain consists of specifying a finite trigonometric polynomial which has "good" characteristics in the context of some application or criterion. Some current design procedures are indirect, in that the polynomial is specified via weighted time-domain sample values. In others, the polynomial is specified directly through its regular complex-amplitude samples. The method proposed here takes the zeros of the polynomial as its defining parameters. It is shown that the asymptotic attenuation rate of the filter can be controlled by adjusting the densities of the pass-band and stopband zeros, and that the "shape" of the filter can be adjusted through placement of specific zeros.