gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2.6mW 2fps QVGA CMOS One-chip Wireless Camera with Digital Image Transmission Function for Capsule Endoscopes (2006)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a one-chip camera device for capsule endoscopes. A prototype image sensor chip which has 320 times 240 effective pixels was fabricated using 0.25 mum CMOS image sensor process. This experimental chip integrates functional circuits required for capsule endoscopes and digital image transmission function. The integrated functional blocks include an image array, a timing generator, a clock generator, a voltage regulator, a 10b cyclic A/D converter, and a BPSK modulator. It can be operated autonomously with 3 pins (VDD, GND, and DATAOUT). With a 2.0 V power supply, the analog part consumes 950muW and the total power consumption at 2 frames per second (fps) is 2.6mW. Error-free image transmission over a distance of 48cm at 2.5Mbps corresponding to 2fps has been succeeded with inductive coupling
Passive Crowd Speed Estimation and Head Counting Using WiFi (2018)

In this paper, we propose a framework to sense occupancy attributes of an area, such as speed of a crowd traversing through the area, the total number of people in the area, and the rate of arrival of people into the area, using only the received power measurements (RSSI) of two WiFi links, and without relying on people to carry any device. We first show that the cross-correlation between the two WiFi link measurements and the probability of crossing a link implicitly carry key information about the occupancy attributes and develop a mathematical model to relate these parameters to the occupancy attributes of interest. Based on this, we then propose a system to estimate the occupancy attributes and validate it with 51 experiments in both indoor and outdoor areas, where up to (and including) 20 people walk in the area with different possible speeds, and show that our framework can accurately estimate the occupancy attributes. For instance, our framework achieves a Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) of 0.047 (4.7%) when estimating the speed of a crowd, an NMSE of 0.034 (3.4%) when estimating the arrival rate to the area, and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.3 when counting the total number of people. We finally run experiments in an aisle in Costco, showing how we can estimate the key attributes of buyers' motion behaviors.
MetaFed: Population-Based Meta Federated Learning Framework for Edge Intelligence (2022)

&lt;p&gt;The immediate adoption of deep learning models into domain-specific tasks for edge intelligence-based services still poses several challenges to overcome. The first is efficiently constructing the most suitable neural network architecture amongst the numerous types of available architectures. Once addressing this challenge, the second is understanding how to gather knowledge to build efficient neural network models from the user's devices (i.e., smartphone) without affecting the user's privacy. And the third critical issue is minimizing the gap between estimated and actual performance while building models. In this work, we propose a novel framework for deploying deep learning models for domain-specific tasks called MetaFed, which combines population-based meta-learning and federated learning to resolve the three challenges mentioned earlier. MetaFed autonomously constructs the potential domain-specific models with the help of population-based meta-learning by utilizing the model knowledge base. We improve the model knowledge base by using the population's knowledge via federated learning while minimizing the performance estimation gap for model construction. Experimental results show that our proposed framework offers a promising solution for deploying deep learning models at edge devices, with a significant performance gain than the existing alternative approaches.&lt;/p&gt;
High selectivity reconfigurable filters with controlled channel bandwidth (2017)

In this paper, we present the design of a novel class of reconfigurable filters allowing a control of bandwidth and maintaining a high Q in all configured states. The concept can be applied to any type of filters including planar, waveguide as well as FBAR filters. The proposed filters have the potential to replace large numbers of fixed filters by a single tunable design. The key idea is to combine high-Q un-tuned resonators with a set of tunable resonators. The selected bands can be controlled by proper placement of fixed transmission zeros generated by the high-Q resonators. The combination allows a highly selective filter response with flat pass-band for all states. Measurements on a planar microstrip filter verify the concept.
A 21-39.5 GHz Power Amplifier for 5G Wireless Systems in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS (2019)

This paper presents a high-gain broadband power amplifier for 5G wireless systems, which provides a gain above 10 dB from 21 GHz to 39.5 GHz, and is implemented in a 22 nm FD-SOI technology. The circuit is based on two stacked amplifier stages which are connected with lumped-element matching networks. For a power consumption of 228 mW from a 2.4 V voltage supply, the amplifier provides 25 dB of peak gain, maximum saturated output power of 16.8 dBm, output power in 1 dB gain-compression of 13 dBm, and maximum power-added-efficiency of 19.8%. The power amplifier compares well against previously reported designs by showing the highest measured gain and gain-bandwidth product while still having comparable performance in the other figures of merit.
Division of Household Labor and Its Perceived Effects on the Longevity of Cohabitation (2000)

There is a clear gender inequality when it comes to the division of housework. In this study, evidence suggesting that this inequality weighs on the perceived longevity of cohabitative relationships was found. Young adults 70 men and 90 women provided information on these gender roles experiences and attitudes. They also evaluated three hypothesized levels of male-female division of household labor in terms of perceived relationship satisfaction. Results showed that overall, the young adults surveyed were accepting of cohabitation and held relatively nontraditional views of gender roles. Findings also indicated that women perceived a cohabitating couple as high in satisfaction when the male partner was depicted as sharing household chores equally with the female partner. The importance of open communication between young partners is discussed.
Effects of Mlx-8, a phospholipase A2 from Brazilian coralsnake Micrurus lemniscatus venom, on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampus (2020)

The results of the present work show, for the first time, that muscarinic receptors are also affected by the Mlx-8 toxin, a muscarinic ligand with phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> characteristics, obtained from the venom of the Elapidae snake <i>Micrurus lemniscatus</i>, since this toxin was able to compete with muscarinic ligand [<sup>3</sup>H]QNB in hippocampus of rats. In addition, Mlx-8 also blocked the accumulation of total [<sup>3</sup>H]inositol phosphate induced by muscarinic agonist carbachol. Thus, Mlx-8 may be a new pharmacological tool for examining muscarinic cholinergic function.
Quantitative Catalyst−Substrate Association Relationships between Metathesis Molybdenum or Ruthenium Carbene Complexes and Their Substrates (2010)

Herein we present the long-sought quantitative catalyst-substrate association relationships based on experimentally measured quantitative association preferences of diverse metathesis Mo and Ru catalysts (Mo-1, Schrock Mo; Mo-2, Schrock-Hoveyda Mo; Ru-1, Grubbs first generation Ru; Ru-2, Grubbs second generation Ru; Ru-3:, Grubbs-Hoveyda first generation Ru; and Ru-4, Grubbs-Hoveyda second generation Ru) to their substrates (alkenes, alkynes and allenes), determined directly by a general method based on FRET principle. The determined substrate preferences are proved to be dependent on the molecular identity of the catalyst, exhibiting the preference order of alkyne > alkene > allene for Mo-1 and Mo-2, allene > alkene > alkyne for Ru-1 and Ru-3, and alkyne > allene > alkene for Ru-2 and Ru-4. The results enable us to probe metathesis mechanisms by answering issues in metathesis reactions including the controversial reaction initiation in enyne or allenyne metathesis.
Case Report: Whole exome sequencing identifies variation c.2308G>A p.E770K in RAG1 associated with B- T- NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency (2017)

Severe combined immunodeficiency is a large clinically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by a defect in the development of humoral or cellular immune responses. At least 13 genes are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and the mutation spectrum in SCID have been well documented. The widespread application of whole-exome sequencing based on next-generation sequencing has offered a new opportunity to systematically screen these genes in clinical scales. In this report, we describe the application of whole exome sequencing for arriving at a molecular diagnosis in a child suffering from B- T- NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency. Apart from making the accurate molecular diagnosis, we also add a genetic variation c.2308G>A p.E770K to the compendium of variations associated with the disease.
Treatment Facility F: Accelerated Removal and Validation Project (1994)

The Accelerated Removal and Validation (ARV) phase of remediation at the Treatment Facility F (TFF) site at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was designed to accelerate removal of gasoline from the site when compared to normal, single shift, pump-and-treat operations. The intent was to take advantage of the in-place infrastructure plus the increased underground temperatures resulting from the Dynamic Underground Stripping Demonstration Project (DUSDP). Operations continued 24-hours (h) per day between October 4 and December 12, 1993. Three contaminant removal rate enhancement approaches were explored during the period of continuous operation. First, we tried several configurations of the vapor pumping system to maximize the contaminant removal rate. Second, we conducted two brief trials of air injection into the lower steam zone. Results were compared with computer models, and the process was assessed for contaminant removal rate enhancement. Third, we installed equipment to provide additional electrical heating of contaminated low-permeability soil. Four new electrodes were connected into the power system. Diagnostic capabilities at the TFF site were upgraded so that we could safely monitor electrical currents, soil temperatures, and water treatment system processes while approximately 300 kW of electrical energy was being applied to the subsurface.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening and New Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer (PCa). (2014)

PSA screening reduces PCa-mortality but the disadvantages overdiagnosis and overtreatment require multivariable risk-prediction tools to select appropriate treatment or active surveillance. This review explains the differences between the two largest screening trials and discusses the drawbacks of screening and its meta-analysisxs. The current American and European screening strategies are described. Nonetheless, PSA is one of the most widely used tumor markers and strongly correlates with the risk of harboring PCa. However, while PSA has limitations for PCa detection with its low specificity there are several potential biomarkers presented in this review with utility for PCa currently being studied. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers especially to detect clinically significant and aggressive PCa. From all PSA-based markers, the FDA-approved prostate health index (phi) shows improved specificity over percent free and total PSA. Another kallikrein panel, 4K, which includes KLK2 has recently shown promise in clinical research studies but has not yet undergone formal validation studies. In urine, prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) has also been validated and approved by the FDA for its utility to detect PCa. The potential correlation of PCA3 with cancer aggressiveness requires more clinical studies. The detection of the fusion of androgen-regulated genes with genes of the regulatory transcription factors in tissue of (~)50% of all PCa-patients is a milestone in PCa research. A combination of the urinary assays for TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion and PCA3 shows an improved accuracy for PCa detection. Overall, the field of PCa biomarker discovery is very exciting and prospective.
Mutations of a human homologue of the Drosophila eyes absent gene (EYA1) detected in patients with congenital cataracts and ocular anterior segment anomalies (2000)

The Drosophila eyes absent gene ( eya ) is involved in the formation of compound eyes. Flies with loss-of-function mutations of this gene develop no eyes and form the ectopic eye in the antennae and the ventral zone of the head on target expression. A highly conserved homo-logous gene in various invertebrates and vertebrates has been shown to function in the formation of the eye. In contrast, a human homologue, EYA1, has been identified by positional cloning as a candidate gene for branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome, in which phenotypic manifestations are restricted to the areas of branchial arch, ear and kidney, with usually no anomalies in the eye. We have examined genomic DNA isolated from patients with various types of developmental eye anomaly for EYA1 mutations by the use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing. We identified three novel missense mutations in patients who had con-genital cataracts and ocular anterior segment anomalies. One of the patients had clinical features of BOR syndrome as well. This result implies that the human EYA1 gene is also involved in eye morphogenesis, and that a wide variety of clinical manifestations may be caused by EYA1 mutations.
Defending against hitlist worms using network address space randomization (2005)

Worms are self-replicating malicious programs that represent a major security threat for the Internet, as they can infect and damage a large number of vulnerable hosts at timescales where human responses are unlikely to be effective. Sophisticated worms that use precomputed hitlists of vulnerable targets are especially hard to contain, since they are harder to detect, and spread at rates where even automated defenses may not be able to react in a timely fashion.This paper examines a new proactive defense mechanism called Network Address Space Randomization (NASR) whose objective is to harden networks specifically against hitlist worms. The idea behind NASR is that hitlist information could be rendered stale if nodes are forced to frequently change their IP addresses. NASR limits or slows down hitlist worms and forces them to exhibit features that make them easier to contain at the perimeter. We explore the design space for NASR and present a prototype implementation as well as preliminary experiments examining the effectiveness and limitations of the approach.
Analysis of Oligonucleotide DNA Binding and Sedimentation Properties of Montmorillonite Clay Using Ultraviolet Light Spectroscopy (2008)

Smectite clays such as montmorillonite form complexes with a variety of biomolecules, including the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Most previous studies of DNA adsorption onto clay have relied on spectrophotometric analysis after the separation of free nucleic acids from bound complexes by centrifugation. In the current work, we demonstrate that such studies produce a consistent error because of (a) incomplete sedimentation of montmorillonite and (b) strong absorbance of the remaining clay at 260 nm. Clay sedimentation efficiency was strongly dependent on cation concentration (Na+ or Mg2+) and on the level of dispersion of the original suspension. An improved clay-DNA adsorption assay was developed and utilized to assess the impact of metal counterions on the binding of single-stranded DNA to montmorillonite. X-ray diffraction demonstrated, for the first time, the formation of intercalated structures consistent with orientation of the DNA strands parallel to the clay surface. Observed gallery spacings were found to match values calculated using atomistic modeling techniques closely.
Biscotti: A Blockchain System for Private and Secure Federated Learning (2020)

Federated Learning is the current state-of-the-art in supporting secure multi-party machine learning (ML): data is maintained on the owner's device and the updates to the model are aggregated through a secure protocol. However, this process assumes a trusted centralized infrastructure for coordination, and clients must trust that the central service does not use the byproducts of client data. In addition to this, a group of malicious clients could also harm the performance of the model by carrying out a poisoning attack. As a response, we propose Biscotti: a fully decentralized peer to peer (P2P) approach to multi-party ML, which uses blockchain and cryptographic primitives to coordinate a privacy-preserving ML process between peering clients. Our evaluation demonstrates that Biscotti is scalable, fault tolerant, and defends against known attacks. For example, Biscotti is able to both protect the privacy of an individual client's update and maintain the performance of the global model at scale when 30 percent adversaries are present in the system.
Type beta 1 transforming growth factor gene expression. A corrected mRNA structure reveals a downstream phorbol ester responsive element in human cells. (1990)

A combined approach of cDNA cloning and direct oligonucleotide mapping of TGF-beta 1 mRNA from several human cell lines has revealed that the major human TGF-beta 1 transcript is 381 bases shorter than originally reported, and that the reduced mRNA size is due to polyadenylation from an ATTAAA signal at position 2136 rather than use of the expected AATAAA signal at position 2517. Moreover, there is no evidence for a significant amount of structural heterogeneity, as a result of alternative polyadenylation, in the human TGF-beta 1 transcripts. Considering that the 381-base domain is not part of the major human TGF-beta 1 mRNA, we analyzed this sequence for potential transcriptional regulatory elements. We have identified a 16-base pair domain which contains three putative phorbol ester responsive elements (TREs) based on homology to the TRE consensus sequence. We also show that this 16-base pair fragment confers phorbol ester responsiveness to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene after transient transfection of the heterologous construct in NIH-3T3 cells. The identification of a TRE immediately downstream of the last TGF-beta 1 exon suggests that a 3' enhancer may play an important role in human TGF-beta 1 gene transcription, and suggests a basis for growth factor-mediated regulation of TGF-beta 1 expression by activation of protein kinase C.
Extracting graphite sketch of the mural using Hyper-Spectral Imaging method (2015)

Original scientific
Query routing: applying systems thinking to Internet search (2002)

As the Internet continues to grow exponentially, locating desired information becomes more difficult. Centralized approaches to the problem may prove unable to cope with this growth, and existing distributed ones do not scale well either, so it would be wise to investigate alternatives. One alternative is 'query routing', a technology which uses compressed indices from multiple sites to 'route' queries to where they may be able to be fulfilled. By using a referral model for the clients, it should be possible to provide a service which scales for both clients and servers. Server scaling is achieved by index compression along several novel axes. Allowing the generation of false positives permits the use of techniques which have higher compression. We have been able to add techniques from distributed naming systems such as DNS to traditional indexing based on flat sets of attribute value pairs. We have implemented a prototype that incorporates several of these techniques.
A compact power-efficient 3 V CMOS rail-to-rail input/output operational amplifier for VLSI cell libraries (1994)

This paper presents a two-stage, compact, power-efficient 3 V CMOS operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges. Because of its small die area of 0.04 mm/sup 2/, it is very suitable as a VLSI library cell. The floating class-AB control is shifted into the summing circuit, which results in a noise and offset of the amplifier which are comparable to that of a three stage amplifier. A floating current source biases the combined summing circuit and the class-AB control. This current source has the same structure as the class-AB control which provides a power-supply-independent quiescent current. Using the compact architecture, a 2.6 MHz amplifier with Miller compensation and a 6.4 MHz amplifier with cascoded-Miller compensation have been realized. The opamps have, respectively, a bandwidth-to-supply-power ratio of 4 MHz/mW and 11 MHz/mW for a capacitive load of 10 pF.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel multi-bit SONOS type flash memory using a high-k charge trapping layer (2004)

We demonstrated SONOS flash memory with a SiO/sub 2//High-k/SiO/sub 2/ structure based on a 2-bit/cell scheme. We evaluated three kinds of high-k dielectric films which were Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and HfO/sub 2/. Among these films, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ showed superior retention characteristics. The charge loss amount of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ at 150/spl deg/C is almost the same as that of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ at 25/spl deg/C. HfO/sub 2/ showed poor retention characteristics. In addition, we have found that each film has a different charge loss mechanism. We speculate that Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ causes vertical charge migration, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ causes scarcely any leakage, and HfO/sub 2/ causes lateral charge migration. As a consequence, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is very suitable for a charge trapping layer in multi-bit SONOS memory.
Direct Reversible Decarboxylation from Stable Organic Acids in Solution (2020)

Many classical and emerging methodologies in organic chemistry rely on carbon dioxide extrusion to generate reactive intermediates for subsequent bond-­forming events. Synthetic reactions that involve the microscopic reverse, the carboxylation of reactive intermediates such as organometallic nucleophiles, occur under vastly different reaction conditions. We found that under appropriate conditions chemically stable C(sp3) carboxylates undergo rapid, uncatalyzed reversible decarboxylation in solution. The decarboxylation/carboxylation process occurs through the generation and trapping of otherwise undetectable carbanion intermediates that are largely resistant to protodecarboxylation in the presence of Brønsted acids or to trapping by external electrophiles. Isotopically labelled carboxylic acids, including drug molecules and valuable synthetic intermediates, can be prepared in high chemical and isotopic yield by simply supplying an atmosphere of 13CO2 to carboxylate salts in polar aprotic solvents. Our results indicate that the reversibility of decarboxylation from organic acids should be taken into consideration when designing and executing decarboxylative functionalization processes.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Fundamentals and Technological Applications (1991)

The general concern for future energy generation and conservation has seen a rapid growth in research and developments relating to new polymer electrolytes. Intended for materials scientists, electrochemists and solid state physicists, this book provides a comprehensive account of current knowledge in both fundamental and applied aspects of the field. It describes both theoretical methods and experimental techniques relating to microscopic dynamic properties. Other topics discussed include battery research and devices for ion transport, and the significance and interpretation of experimental data regarding charge carriers and modes of transport.