gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O2‐11‐01: CROSS‐SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CSF BIOMARKERS OF AMYLOID AND TAU WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS: THE MAYO CLINIC STUDY OF AGING (2019)

The association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) derived biomarkers of Alzheimer 's disease (AD) and behavioral measures remains unknown among older adults free of dementia. We conducted a cross-sectional study derived from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, including persons free of dementia aged ≥ 50 years. We measured CSF amyloid (Aβ42), hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-tau) and total Tau (t-tau) using Elecsys® CSF electrochemiluminescence immunoassays platform (Roche Diagnostics). All participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). We conducted linear and logistic regression analyses that were adjusted for age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 carrier status. CSF-derived variables were log-transformed; continuous BDI and BAI had 1 added and were also log-transformed. In all analyses, CSF biomarkers were treated as numeric predictors and NPS were considered as outcomes. The sample was comprised of 784 persons (699 cognitively unimpaired, CU and 85 with mild cognitive impairment, MCI). The mean [SD] age was 71.5 [9.9] years; 56.9% of participants were males; mean [SD] education was 14.6 [2.7] years; and 27% were APOE ε4 carriers. CSF-Aβ42 was associated with BDI (estimate −0.2445; p <0.001) and BAI scores (est. −0.2104; p < 0.01) in linear models. CSF-Aβ42 was also associated with clinical depression as indicated by BDI score ≥ 13 (Odds Ratio 0.508; p = 0.02), clinical anxiety as measured by BAI score ≥ 10 (OR 0.526; p = 0.03), as well as NPI-Q assessed presence of anxiety (OR 0.293; p < 0.001), apathy (OR 0.485; p = 0.04), and nighttime behavior (OR 0.460; p = 0.01) in logistic models. CSF-derived measures of p-tau and t-tau were not associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. CSF amyloid beta but not tau was inversely associated with behavioral measures in community-dwelling older adults free of dementia, i.e. decreased CSF amyloid beta levels were associated with increased neuropsychiatric symptoms, albeit the effect sizes were small. This cross-sectional observation merits further investigation and needs to be confirmed by a prospective cohort study.
An incremental bayesian model for learning syntactic categories (2008)

We present an incremental Bayesian model for the unsupervised learning of syntactic categories from raw text. The model draws information from the distributional cues of words within an utterance, while explicitly bootstrapping its development on its own partially-learned knowledge of syntactic categories. Testing our model on actual child-directed data, we demonstrate that it is robust to noise, learns reasonable categories, manages lexical ambiguity, and in general shows learning behaviours similar to those observed in children.
Benign Bronchopulmonary Tumors: Radiologic and Pathologic Findings (2002)

According to the new World Health Organization classification, benign bronchopulmonary tumors can be classified into epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and tumor-like conditions. Imaging findings of benign tumors of large airways are nonspecific and overlapping. Some benign pulmonary tumors show characteristic imaging findings. On CT, bronchioloalveolar adenomas appear as a small nodular area of ground-glass opacity. Metastasizing leiomyomas are seen as well-circumscribed solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Pulmonary hamartomas or lipomas are recognized specifically when fat deposits of CT number in the -80 HU to -120 HU range are identified. Enhancement of tumor with administration of contrast medium with or without foci of calcification may be seen in sclerosing hemangiomas and hemangiopericytomas. Awareness of the various imaging findings of these tumors can help narrow down the differential diagnosis on daily practice among the long lists of bronchopulmonary tumors.
A Proportional Algorithm for Rotary Motion Blurred Images Restoration (2019)

As for the rotation motion blur, the main reason for its poor recovery is that its blur kernel is difficult to estimate, which poses a new challenge to image restoration. In this paper, we propose a new blur kernel estimation model, which reconstructs the blurred image along the circumference concentric with the center of rotation. A series of blur kernels on the reconstructed image are easy to determine, and the blur kernel on each concentric circle is accurately described. A one-dimensional blur restoration technique such as Wiener filter can obtain the deblurred concentric circle image, and then use the inverse process of the model to refill the concentric circle image back to the Cartesian coordinate system to realize a high-definition rotating motion image restoration. The experimental results show that the proposed method can increase the Peak-Signal-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) of the rotational motion blurred image from 19.72dB to 31.42dB with less computational complexity.
A NiAl layered double hydroxide@carbon nanoparticles hybrid electrode for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors (2013)

A NiAl layered double hydroxide (LDH)@carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) hybrid electrode was fabricated <italic>via</italic> a facile and cost-effective approach and displays excellent pseudocapacitive behavior.
Effects of Breastfeeding on Maternal Health and Well-Being (1996)

Lactation occurs as part of a reproductive and may have different effects on maternal nutritional status, depending on its duration and intensity. Thus, its effect on maternal health will differ with cultural setting and level of development. Lactation helps women to maintain a healthy body weight. Among well-nour-shed women, it may help to prevent obesity. Among poorly pour/shed women, breastfeeding also leads to weight loss, but with adequate birth spacing brought about by lactational anovulation, maternal depletion can be avoided. Lactation is probably not responsible for osteoporosis. Current evidence suggests that breastfeeding helps to prevent pre-menopausal breast cancer and is not associated with post-menopausal disease Furthermore, breastfeeding may also help reduce ovarian cancer. Positive effects of breastfeeding occur at all levels of development and are most likely when biological, political, and sociocultural conditions interact to support its initiation and continuation.
The Productive Structure and Thermoeconomic Theories of System Optimization (1996)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of the Thermoeconomic Theory of System Optimization and the Structural Theory of Cost (Valero et al.,1992, 1993), in order to unify and to take advantage of both theories. As the Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis (Frangopoulos, 1987, von Spakovsky, 1986), the methodology introduced in this paper, establishes that, each unit of the system has a purpose, i.e., a product to obtain, a function. For example, the function of a gas turbine is the work obtained when expanding the gases. This methodology is a general development of the Fuel-Product representation (Torres, 1991), based on the Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics. It gives a systematic and easy way to get a functional diagram from the physical scheme. This diagram represents the units, and the relations among themselves and the environment. Each unit uses a set of functions, or resources, from the environment or other units to obtain its function or product. Using as starting point the functional diagram, it is shown that the Structural Theory and the Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis are equivalent methods and get the same costs result values. Finally, the productive structure (causal diagram) is presented as the key structure to understand the formation of each product and then, to interrelate the whole structure. So, it could be used as a criterion to system disagregation, to obtain more accurate costs.
Letter to the Editor (2003)

Dear Sir: Congratulations to Barry Gainor, MD and Howard Epps, MD for organizing a symposium that salutes volunteers in orthopaedics. The topics selected are those that frequently are cited when we recognize those who volunteer. However, I would suggest another symposium would be worthwhile that salutes the more frequent and mundane orthopaedic volunteers. This would include the countless numbers of orthopaedic surgeons who dedicate many hours to teaching, those who publish, or serve in the stewardship of our profession, the community activists who serve local foundations and not-for-profit organizations, those who willingly accept indigent patients into their practices on a daily basis, and the list goes on. I too have volunteered overseas as a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon in Honduras, Romania, and twice in Nigeria. However, I returned home with an increased awareness of the needs in my own community. It is very interesting to travel to needy countries where the volunteer experience is confined to a few specific weeks and the participant enjoys a sense of self-fulfillment. However, I am convinced that volunteering on a daily or weekly basis as a part of the fabric of one’s practice is equally gratifying. Many orthopaedic surgeons quietly volunteer in this manner. They should be recognized. The opportunities available should be defined and encouraged. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research should be appreciated for spotlighting those who volunteer for the worthwhile efforts, but, we should also recognize those opportunities that incorporate volunteerism into daily life. Charles T. Price, MD
The role of gut microbiota in lupus: what we know in 2018? (2018)

The role of the human intestinal microbiota in the maintenance of a healthy physiological condition, as well as its relation to the development of disease, remains to be clarified. Current evidence suggests that intestinal microbes could be involved in the initiation and amplification of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite recent progress in understanding how these microbes influence the pathophysiology of lupus, studies are still limited. Areas covered: In this review, we have tried to summarize the most relevant findings that have contributed to our understanding of the links between the human intestinal microbiota and the development of lupus. We also describe the potential role of individual microbial players in the physiology of lupus, and how they can shape relevant immune responses. Expert commentary: Culture-independent techniques based on massive sequencing represent a powerful tool to unravel the biological activity of gut microbes. Current data demonstrates that, depending on the pattern of intestinal microorganisms or the presence of specific bacteria, different responses related to lupus physiology can be triggered. Fecal microbiota transplantation, live biotherapeutics, or dietary interventions targeting the microbiota will likely become a treatment for SLE.
Supplementary Table 4 from Androgen Receptor Gene Aberrations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA: Biomarkers of Therapeutic Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 4. Univariate analysis examining association between baseline clinico-pathological factors and PSA response in patients switched onto enzalutamide after collection of circulating cell-free DNA (n = 39)&lt;/p&gt;
DNA methylation subgroups in melanoma are associated with proliferative and immunological processes (2015)

Melanoma consists of divergent methylation groups that are distinguished by promoter methylation, proliferation and content of immunological cells.
Theoretical Determination of Band Edge Alignments at the Water–CuInS2(112) Semiconductor Interface (2017)

Knowledge of a semiconductor electrode's band edge alignment is essential for optimizing processes that occur at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Photocatalytic processes are particularly sensitive to such alignments, as they govern the transfer of photoexcited electrons or holes from the surface to reactants in the electrolyte solution. Reconstructions of a semiconductor surface during operation, as well as its interaction with the electrolyte solution, must be considered when determining band edge alignment. Here, we employ density functional theory + U theory to assess the stability of reconstructed CuInS<sub>2</sub> surfaces, a system which has shown promise for the active and selective photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CH<sub>3</sub>OH. Using many-body Green's function theory combined with calculations of surface work functions, we determine band edge positions of explicitly solvated, reconstructed CuInS<sub>2</sub> surfaces. We find that there is a linear relationship between band edge position and net surface dipole, with the most stable solvent/surface structures tending to minimize this dipole because of generally weak interactions between the surface and solvating water molecules. We predict a conduction band minimum (CBM) of the solvated, reconstructed CuInS<sub>2</sub> surface of -2.44 eV vs vacuum at the zero-dipole intercept of the dipole/CBM trendline, in reasonable agreement with the experimentally reported CBM position at -2.64 eV vs vacuum. This methodology offers a simplified approach for approximating the band edge positions at complex semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces.
Video-based vehicle detection and classification in heterogeneous traffic conditions using a novel kernel classifier (2013)

Vehicle classification in a traffic video is considered a difficult task due to similarity in appearances among different vehicles. This paper presents a real-time algorithm for detection and classification of different categories of vehicles in a heterogeneous traffic video. The processing of the video is done in four steps starting with camera calibration, vehicle detection, speed estimation, and classification. Vehicle detection is achieved by using background subtraction and blob tracking method. Speed of the detected vehicle is estimated by utilizing virtual start and stop line markers and calibration parameters. The vehicle classification is done by extracting multiple features of the detected vehicles which serve as input to a support vector machine based classifier. A histogram-based nonlinear kernel is used in the classifier. A combination of interest point detectors and low-level shape detectors as features was found to produce accurate and consistent results.
An improved extraction for the multicusp-type light ion-ion source apparatus (1998)

A new ion extraction system has been developed for use with the light ion source apparatus (LIISA) of the Accelerator Laboratory. The aim of the new extraction system is to have a more intense and better quality beam. For simulation of the beam behavior at the extraction region a computer code IGUNe has been used. The simulation shows that a simple triode extraction would be efficient enough to extract total beam intensities of around 5 mA at an extraction voltage of 10–15 kV. At the same time, with the carefully designed plasma electrode, the emittance could be decreased significantly from the original design. The new extraction was installed in May 1997 and the results have been encouraging. The transport efficiency of the extracted beam to the first Faraday cup (at a distance of 1.2 m) was 100% and the maximum proton current obtained was 2.0 mA. The maximum proton current in the cyclotron inflector is 1.0 mA, which is eight times larger than the previous record.
Ni-H/sub 2/ improvements by use of fibrous nickel electrodes (2002)

The behavior of fibrous nickel electrodes working in Ni-H/sub 2/ batteries has been studied in order to lighten these cells. The characteristics of the electrodes have been chosen taking into account the fact that a compromise between the swelling of electrodes and their capacity had to be defined. Cycling tests in accelerated geostationary mode are reported with this type of cell; 900 cycles have already been obtained without any decrease in performance. The end of discharge cell voltage is practically constant and a capacity equal to approximately 90% of the nominal capacity is recovered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Facile Synthesis of 2‐Alkoxy‐2‐aryloxiranes (1983)

Abstract Tertiary α‐bromoalkyl aryl ketones 1 were converted into 2‐alkoxy‐2‐aryloxiranes 4 exclusively by reaction with excess potassium carbonate in the corresponding dry alcohol. Silver carbonate in a dry alcohol with these α‐bromo ketones yielded competitively formation of 2‐alkoxyoxiranes and semi‐benzilic Favorskii rearrangement (→ 5 ), while silver hexafluoroantimonate in the same medium afforded the latter rearrangement reaction exclusively.
Adsorption and chromatographic separation of rare earths with EDTA- and DTPA-functionalized chitosan biopolymers (2013)

Dysprosium is enriched in comparison with neodymium at low pH values on EDTA- and DTPA-functionalized chitosan. The observed differences in selectivity are used to separate mixtures of rare earths by column chromatography.
Preparative Purification of Total Flavonoids from Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. by Macroporous Resin Column Chromatography and Comparative Analysis of Flavonoid Profiles by HPLC-PAD (2019)

For the full development and utilization of <i>Sophora tonkinensis</i> Gagnep., this study was primarily intended to established a simple and efficient approach for the preparative purification of total flavonoids from <i>S. tonkinensis</i> by macroporous resin column chromatography (MRCC). The adsorption and desorption characteristics of the total flavonoids on ten macroporous resins were first studied, and AB-8 resin was chosen as the most suitable, and the adsorption data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the technological parameters for the purification of the total flavonoids were optimized using column chromatography. After a sample one-step purification procedure, the content of the total flavonoids increased by about 4.76-fold from 12.14% to 57.82%, with a recovery yield of 84.93%. In addition, the comparative analysis of the flavonoid extracts before and after purification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-PAD). The results showed that the contents of six major flavonoids in the purified product were all higher than before the purification. Therefore, the AB-8 MRCC established in this work was a promising method for the industrial-scale purification of the total flavonoids from <i>S. tonkinensis</i>.
Recent Advances in the Physicochemical Properties and Biotechnological Application of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin (2021)

<i>Vitreoscilla</i> hemoglobin (VHb), the first discovered bacterial hemoglobin, is a soluble heme-binding protein with a faster rate of oxygen dissociation. Since it can enhance cell growth, product synthesis and stress tolerance, VHb has been widely applied in the field of metabolic engineering for microorganisms, plants, and animals. Especially under oxygen-limited conditions, VHb can interact with terminal oxidase to deliver enough oxygen to achieve high-cell-density fermentation. In recent years, with the development of bioinformatics and synthetic biology, several novel physicochemical properties and metabolic regulatory effects of VHb have been discovered and numerous strategies have been utilized to enhance the expression level of VHb in various hosts, which greatly promotes its applications in biotechnology. Thus, in this review, the new information regarding structure, function and expressional tactics for VHb is summarized to understand its latest applications and pave a new way for the future improvement of biosynthesis for other products.
Absolute phase measurements using geometric constraints between multiple cameras and projectors (2007)

The method of phase shift with the projection of multiple cyclic patterns enables 3D measurement that is highly accurate, dense, and fast. However, this measurement is only possible for the wrapped phase value, which has ambiguities in its multiples of cycles. Two particular problems are that conventional methods require additional patterns to be projected to determine the absolute phase and that unwrapping the phase tends to fail where depth varies abruptly. Two methods are proposed: the first is to determine the absolute phase without additional patterns being projected by observing the projected pattern with multiple cameras and applying the geometric constraints between them, and the second is to prevent failure in unwrapping the phase by referring to continuities in the relative phases of multiple projected patterns. The proposed methods were achieved with a 3D scanner that can measure approximately a 180 degrees field of view within 0.5 s, with an accuracy of 0.14 mm in depth.
Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using intense ultrasound (IUS) (2008)

This study demonstrates the response of porcine tissue to various energy dose levels of Intense Ultrasound. Further study, especially on human facial tissue, is necessary in order to understand the utility of this modality in treating the aging face and potentially, other cosmetic applications.
Near-neighbor configuration and impurity-cluster size distribution in a Poisson ensemble of monovalent impurity atoms in semiconductors (1983)

We present some microscopic (atomic scale) structure analysis for Poisson-distributed impurities in semiconductors. Relevant concepts and results, well established in the area of geometrical probability, are employed in the analysis. Monte Carlo results for the distribution of "impurity-cluster" sizes in semiconductor media approximated by their continuum representation are also presented. A closed-form expression for the "impurity-doublet" probability and a general formulation for the impurity-cluster size distribution are also provided.
Third harmonic generation imaging for fast, label-free pathology of human brain tumors (2016)

In brain tumor surgery, recognition of tumor boundaries is key. However, intraoperative assessment of tumor boundaries by the neurosurgeon is difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for tools that provide the neurosurgeon with pathological information during the operation. We show that third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy provides label-free, real-time images of histopathological quality; increased cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and rarefaction of neuropil in fresh, unstained human brain tissue could be clearly recognized. We further demonstrate THG images taken with a GRIN objective, as a step toward in situ THG microendoscopy of tumor boundaries. THG imaging is thus a promising tool for optical biopsies.
Controlled leaky wave radiation from anisotropic epsilon near zero metamaterials (2011)

We investigate the emission of electromagnetic waves from biaxial subwavelength metamaterials. For anisotropic structures that exhibit a vanishing dielectric response along the longitudinal axis and possess a tunable transverse dielectric response, we find remarkable variation in the launch angles of energy associated with the emission of leaky wave radiation. We write closed-form expressions for the energy transport velocity and corresponding radiation angle $\ensuremath{\phi}$, defining the cone of radiation emission, as functions both of frequency and of material and geometrical parameters. Full wave simulations exemplify the broad range of directivity that can be achieved in these structures.