gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial solar radiation driven photodecomposition of ciprofloxacin in clinical wastewater applying mesostructured iron(III) oxide (2020)

Cationic cylindrical polymer brushes based on polybutadiene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) were applied as structure-directing agent for mesostructuring Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles into nanotubes. After temperature-controlled template removal, the obtained non-woven catalysts were tested for the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin under terrestrial solar radiation. At a slightly basic pH value, as typically encountered in clinical wastewaters, the mesostructured Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> shows a 4.5 times faster degradation of ciprofloxacin than commercial Aeroxide® TiO<sub>2</sub> P25. Even wide-bandgap ZnO, mesostructured in the same way, is 1.6 times slower. Moreover, the non-woven-like structure of the catalyst allows for easy recovery of the catalyst and operation in a continuous flow reactor. Graphical abstract.
A flexible system to capture sample vials in a storage box &#x2013; the box vial scanner (2009)

Tracking sample vials in a research environment is a critical task and doing so efficiently can have a large impact on productivity, especially in high volume laboratories. There are several challenges to automating the capture process, including the variety of containers used to store samples. We developed a fast and robust system to capture the location of sample vials being placed in storage that allows the laboratories the flexibility to use sample containers of varying dimensions. With a single scan, this device captures the box identifier, the vial identifier and the location of each vial within a freezer storage box. The sample vials are tracked through a barcode label affixed to the cap while the boxes are tracked by a barcode label on the side of the box. Scanning units are placed at the point of use and forward data to a sever application for processing the scanned data. Scanning units consist of an industrial barcode reader mounted in a fixture positioning the box for scanning and providing lighting during the scan. The server application transforms the scan data into a list of storage locations holding vial identifiers. The list is then transferred to the laboratory database. The box vial scanner captures the IDs and location information for an entire box of sample vials into the laboratory database in a single scan. The system accommodates a wide variety of vials sizes by inserting risers under the sample box and a variety of storage box layouts are supported via the processing algorithm on the server.
Crystal Structure of 3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic Acid (AHBA) Synthase, (1999)

The biosynthesis of ansamycin antibiotics, including rifamycin B, involves the synthesis of an aromatic precursor, 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), which serves as starter for the assembly of the antibiotics' polyketide backbone. The terminal enzyme of AHBA formation, AHBA synthase, is a dimeric, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme with pronounced sequence homology to a number of PLP enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotic sugar moieties. The structure of AHBA synthase from Amycolatopsis mediterranei has been determined to 2.0 A resolution, with bound cofactor, PLP, and in a complex with PLP and an inhibitor (gabaculine). The overall fold of AHBA synthase is similar to that of the aspartate aminotransferase family of PLP-dependent enzymes, with a large domain containing a seven-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by alpha-helices and a smaller domain consisting of a four-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet and four alpha-helices. The uninhibited form of the enzyme shows the cofactor covalently linked to Lys188 in an internal aldimine linkage. On binding the inhibitor, gabaculine, the internal aldimine linkage is broken, and a covalent bond is observed between the cofactor and inhibitor. The active site is composed of residues from two subunits of AHBA synthase, indicating that AHBA synthase is active as a dimer.
An End-To-End Explainable AI System for Analyzing Breast Cancer Prediction Models (2022)

Deep learning-based predictive models, for identifying malign tumor data in various cancer types, emerged as a hot research topic in the Internet of Medical Things (IoT). Such models can be deployed onto biomedical machines acting as IoMT devices to provide highly accurate breast cancer screening. While there has been a significant advancement in deep learning models for classifying cancer imaging data, a key shortcoming exists in terms of their use as blackbox algorithms rendering them unexplainable or non-interpretable. Caregivers, such as oncologists and radiologists, however, need to understand the nature of the model outcome. We address this in this paper by providing an end-to-end explainable AI framework for analyzing breast cancer prediction models based on a publicly available mammography dataset. In addition, we demonstrate how the various methods in such an end-to-end system can be effectively evaluated with appropriate performance measures.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopy of NaGdF4:  Ce3+, Tb3+/NaYF4 Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2007)

Cerium- and terbium-doped NaGdF4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized with monodisperse particle sizes and uniform shapes. The cubic NaGdF4 NCs are colloidally stable in nonpolar organic solvents and exhibit green luminescence under mercury lamp excitation. Core/shell NPs were also synthesized as a way of increasing the luminescence efficiencies of the NPs.
13C-NMR measurements of muscle glycogen during low-intensity exercise (1991)

Glycogen metabolism in exercising gastrocnemius muscles was examined by natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Five-minute 13C-NMR measurement of muscle glycogen had a reproducibility of +/- 6.5% (+/- 4.8 mM). Experiments were performed on healthy fed male and female subjects. Two protocols were followed. 1) Subjects performed plantar flexion from rest at 15, 20, or 25% of maximum voluntary contraction for up to 9 h. 2) Subjects predepleted gastrocnemius glycogen with heavy exercise and then either performed low-intensity exercise as before or rested. Gastrocnemius glycogen was measured by NMR at rest and after each hour of exercise. In some sessions, both the exercised leg and the nonexercised leg were monitored with 13C-NMR. In protocol 1, blood velocity in the femoral artery was similarly assessed with ultrasonography. During low-intensity exercise from rest (protocol 1) muscle glycogen fell to a new steady-state value after several hours and then remained constant despite continued exercise. Mean blood velocity increased ninefold within 2 min of onset of exercise and remained constant thereafter. After predepletion (protocol 2), muscle glycogen was repleted both during low-intensity exercise and at rest. After 1 h the amount of glycogen repletion was greater when coupled with light exercise [48.5 +/- 2.8 mM after 1 h of exercise, 39.7 +/- 1.1 mM after 1 h of rest (P less than 0.05)]. During subsequent light exercise, glycogen reached a steady-state value similar to that obtained in protocol 1, while in resting, recovery glycogen levels continued to increase (+2.7 mM/h) over a 7-h period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recognition and Binding of the PF2 Lectin to α-Amylase From Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) Larval Midgut (2014)

Amylases are an important family of enzymes involved in insect carbohydrate metabolism that are required for the survival of insect larvae. For this reason, enzymes from starch-dependent insects are targets for insecticidal control. PF2 (Olneya tesota) is a lectin that is toxic to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) larvae. In this study, we evaluated recognition of the PF2 lectin to α-amylases from Z. subfasciatus midgut and the effect of PF2 on α-amylase activity. PF2 caused a decrease of total amylase activity in vitro. Subsequently, several α-amylase isoforms were isolated from insect midgut tissues using ion exchange chromatography. Three enzyme isoforms were verified by an in-gel assay for amylase activity; however, only one isoform was recognized by antiamylase serum and PF2. The identity of this Z. subfasciatus α-amylase was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The findings strongly suggest that a glycosylated α-amylase isoform from larval Z. subfasciatus midgut interacts with PF2, which interferes with starch digestion.
Transforming binary code for low-power embedded processors (2004)

Two program code transformation methodologies reduce the power consumption of instruction communication buses in embedded processors. Aimed at deep-submicron process technologies, these techniques offer an efficient solution for applications in which low power consumption is the key quality factor. We have developed two techniques for power minimization on the instruction bus of embedded processors. The first is compiler-driven register name adjustment (RNA), with the main goal of power minimization on instruction fetch and register file access. The second technique, more general in nature, incorporates transformations into the binary program code and necessitates hardware support on the processor side to efficiently restore the power-optimized program code.
Moisturizers: The slippery road (2016)

Moisturizers are an important part of a dermatologist's armamentarium although little is written and well, a less is truly known about them. There is a cornucopia of projected skin products in the market whose real scientific role is not proven. These products although at times are regarded as mere cosmetics but have a well-known role in many skin disorders. Adequate knowledge about their mechanism of action, dosage, usage, and adverse effects is must for a dermatologist in this era. This article aims to bring forth the ever hidden facts of the much-hyped moisturizers. It is probably the first of its kind covering all aspects of moisturizers ranging from basic science to clinical usage, a subject that receives a short shrift in the current dermatological text.
Hypoxia and angiogenesis in experimental tumor models: Therapeutic implications (1997)

W.C. Röntgen’s discovery of X-rays (1895) was followed almost immediately by considerations of the possible medical uses of ionizing radiation. These included the use of “Röntgentherapie” in the treatment of human malignancies. By 1904, it had been found that the effects of X-rays were influenced by the presence or absence of oxygen, and the implications of this fact for Röntgentherapie were being discussed (Hahn, 1904). Tumor oxygenation was therefore a matter of interest and concern even at the dawn of modern cancer therapy. Interest in this problem continues today, and has even increased, because technology now becoming available allows us to explore the mechanisms by which oxygen modulates the efficacy of cancer therapy and may allow us to alter tumor oxygenation and angiogenesis and thereby improve the treatment of malignant diseases.
An allosteric antibody to the leptin receptor reduces body weight and reverses the diabetic phenotype in the Lepob/Lepob mouse (2016)

Agonist allosteric monoclonal antibodies to the LEPR can correct metabolic effects associated with LEP deficiency in vivo and thereby have the potential to treat conditions of LEP deficiency.
Vergleich funktioneller Ergebnisse bei der Implantation von Natural-Knee Knieendoprothesen mit und ohne Patellarückflächenersatz (2008)

Summing our results up we cannot give a general advise towards the use of patella resurfacing in knee replacements. In patients with severe arthrosis of the femoro-patellar joint and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, however, the patella replacement is considered to be the therapy of choice at our department.
Variation in the development of stem nematodes, Ditylenchus dipsaci, in susceptible and resistant crop plants (1987)

SUMMARY Dicotyledonous plants were reliably inoculated with stem nematodes by placing drops of 1.3% carboxymethylcellulose containing the surface sterilised worms between the cotyledons or in the leaf axils of recently emerged seedlings raised in pots of cool, moist soil. Inoculating onion leaves, bean stems and potato tubers or potato leaves gave variable results and inoculating onion, tulip and narcissus bulbs and lucerne and red clover stems was usually unsuccessful. An attempt to characterise 67 stem nematode populations by the reactions of a number of different plants failed for lack of useful differential hosts. Lucerne was, however, resistant to all but lucerne populations. Multiplication of stem nematode populations varied greatly between cultivars of lucerne or red clover. Some cultivars were resistant to some populations of lucerne or red clover stem nematodes and susceptible to others. These differences could not be ascribed to differences in viability of the nematodes or to differences in success of the inoculations. They indicate the presence of different pathotypes or biotypes in different populations of a so‐called ‘host race’ and indicate the need for new resistant cultivars to be tested against a range of populations before they are released for general use. Amongst lucerne cultivars tested, Vertus was resistant to some lucerne stem nematode populations and susceptible to others. The supposedly resistant lucerne cultivars Euver and Lifeuil were as susceptible as was Europe. Amongst red clover cultivars tested, Redhead, Kühn, Changins and Mt Calme were susceptible, Britta, Lucrum and Temara were the least resistant, Renova, Rittinova and Quin were intermediate and susceptible to one or more of the populations tested but Norseman and especially Sabtoron were very resistant.
Total Syntheses of Favolasins A, E, G and K, Polyketides Isolated from Cultures of the Basidiomycetes Fungi Favolaschia sp. BCC 18686 and Favolaschia caloceraBCC 36684 (2023)

Comprehensive Summary The structures assigned to all four members, 1 — 4 , of the recently reported favolasin class of natural product have been prepared for the first time by chemical synthesis. Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling chemistry was used to establish the associated biaryl substructures. The key step used in preparing the 1,5‐benzodioxepin ring system associated with compounds 3 and 4 was the acid‐catalyzed 7‐ exo ‐tet cyclization of an appropriately substituted 2‐(oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)phenol while a base‐promoted 6‐ exo ‐tet cyclization of the same substrate was used to construct the 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[ b ][1,4]dioxine core of target 2 . The spectral data derived from the four synthetically‐produced favolasins matched those reported for the corresponding natural products. Preliminary biological screening of compounds 1 — 3 as well as a suite of fourteen precursors reveal that they display no notable anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal or anti‐tumor activities but congener K ( 4 ) is active, in the mM range, against Plasmodium falciparum .
INFLUENCE OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN POWER CONSUMPTION ON A NOVEL GROUND FAULT IDENTIFICATION METHOD FOR 2 × 25 KV RAILWAY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS (2016)

Nowadays, the most commonly used configuration to supply high-speed trains is 2 25 kV power supply system. The location of ground faults in 2 25 kV power supply systems is a difficult task, since the use of distance protection relays to localize ground faults positions doesn't work properly as the relation between the distance and the impedance seen by the distance protection relays is not linear and therefore the location is not accurate enough. A new simple and economical method to identify the subsection between autotransformers (ATS) and the conductor (positive or negative) where the ground fault is happening, based on the comparison of the angle between the current and the voltage of the positive terminal in each autotransformer, was developed recently. Consequently, after the identification of the subsection and the conductor with the ground fault, only this subsection where the ground fault is present, will be quickly removed from service, with the minimum effect on rail traffic. The high-speed trains demand a power about 12-16 MW, hence a significant current flow through the conductors of the 2 25 kV power system. This paper presents a study about the influence of the current consumed by the high-speed trains on this novel ground fault identification method. The operation of the method is correct even with the high-speed train currents in the section with a ground fault. This fact has been validated through numerous computer simulations, obtaining excellent results.
Regioselective synthesis of .DELTA.6-, .DELTA.7-, and .DELTA.8-14.alpha.-cyanosterol derivatives: versatile precursors to 14.alpha.-demethylase inhibitors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective synthesis of .DELTA.6-, .DELTA.7-, and .DELTA.8-14.alpha.-cyanosterol derivatives: versatile precursors to 14.alpha.-demethylase inhibitorsTimothy F. Gallagher and Jerry L. AdamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 12, 3347–3353Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00038a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GNSS Spoofing and Detection (2016)

Global navigation satellite signals can be spoofed by false signals, but special receivers can provide defenses against such attacks. The development of good spoofing defenses requires an understanding of the possible attack modes of a spoofer and the properties of those modes that can be exploited for defense purposes. Sets of attack methods and defense methods are described in detail. An attack/defense matrix is developed that documents which defense techniques are effective against the various attack techniques. Recommendations are generated to improve the offerings of commercial off-the-shelf receivers from the current situation, a complete lack of spoofing defenses, to a situation in which various levels of defense are present, some that add significant security for relatively little additional cost and others that add more security at costs that start to become appreciable.
118 DEEP SEQUENCING OF THE PORCINE ENDOMETRIAL TRANSCRIPTOME ON DAYS 12 AND 14 OF PREGNANCY (2012)

Establishment of pregnancy in mammals requires prolongation of luteal life span for sustained progesterone (P4) production. P4 stimulates secretory functions of the endometrium required for conceptus growth and development and is essential for endometrial receptivity. The porcine conceptus undergoes rapid differentiation and expansion of its trophoblastic membranes between Day 11 and Day 12 of gestation. With trophoblast elongation production of estrogen, the porcine embryonic pregnancy recognition signal, by the conceptus increases. A complex interplay of estrogen signaling and prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in the endometrium finally results in prevention of luteolysis. Conceptus attachment to the uterine surface epithelium starts around Day 14 of pregnancy, preceded by a pronounced vascularization at the implantation zones, initiating the epitheliochorial placentation. To characterize the complex transcriptome changes in the endometrium in the course of maternal recognition of pregnancy and initial placentation, deep sequencing of endometrial RNA samples of pregnant animals (n = 4) and corresponding non-pregnant controls (n = 4) was performed on Day 12 and Day 14 after ovulation using Illumina RNA-Seq (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Between 21 and 36 million 76-bp single-end reads were produced per sample. Reads were mapped with TopHat to the porcine genome assembly Sscrofa10.2 and relative expression values were calculated based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s gene annotation for the analysis of differential gene expression. Statistical analysis revealed more than 3500 differentially expressed genes (DEG) for Day 12 and almost 2500 DEG for Day 14 of pregnancy (DESeq, FDR 1%). Differential expression of selected genes was validated by the use of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Comparison of the RNA-Seq data from Day 12 and Day 14 of pregnancy based on a comparison of the DEGs and of overrepresented functional categories revealed distinct differences in gene regulation, reflecting the different functions of the endometrium during these stages; that is, recognition of pregnancy on Day 12 and preparation for conceptus implantation on Day 14. The data from Day 14 was also compared to the published microarray data set from Day 14 of pregnancy (Østrup et al. 2010 Biol. Reprod.) and other sets of DEG by the use of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Overall, a very good agreement with the results of the previous microarray study was found. Furthermore, a significant overlap with genes upregulated in bovine endometrium on Day 18 of pregnancy was found for the genes upregulated in porcine endometrium on Day 14. More than half of these genes were known interferon-regulated genes. In conclusion, RNA-Seq revealed distinct transcriptome changes on Day 12 and Day 14 of pregnancy in porcine endometrium associated with MRP and initiation of implantation.
(Invited) Atomic Layer Deposition of Tungsten-Rich Tungsten Carbide Films Using WCl6 and AlH2(tBuNCH2CH2NMe2) as Precursors (2018)

The thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of tungsten-rich tungsten carbide thin films is described using WCl6 and the aluminum dihydride co-reactant AlH2(tBuNCH2CH2NMe2). Smooth and stable films were grown at temperatures >200 °C. An ALD window was observed between 275-350 °C with a growth rate of 1.6 Å/cycle, according to SEM and XRR. Self-limiting growth was demonstrated at 300 °C for both precursors. XPS analysis showed that high purity tungsten-rich tungsten carbide (WxC, x = 2.8-3.7) films were deposited at 300 °C, with low levels of nitrogen (< 4 at.%), oxygen (< 4 at.%), chlorine (< 3 at.%), and aluminum (< 1 at.%). The as-deposited films were nanocrystalline and converted to the non-stoichiometric β-WC1-x phase above 600 °C. Film densities of the as-deposited films according to XRR were 50-60% of bulk values, which may explain the relatively high film resistivities (1140 mΩ·cm at 300 °C) despite the high film purity.
Towards Propagation and Channel Models for the Simulation and Planning of 300 GHz Backhaul/Fronthaul Links (2020)

The need for high data rates of several Gbit/s in 5G and beyond wireless networks will require capacities of 100 Gbit/s in the backhaul and fronthaul links. 300 GHz wireless links are promising candidates to provide these links. The paper describes the ongoing activities in the EUJapan project ThoR towards suitable propagation and channel models applicable for the simulation and planning of such links. The corresponding modelling activities are based on ray tracing models, which are enhanced by taking into account atmospheric propagation effects, measured characteristic of building materials and the effect of wind to the poles, where the antennas are mounted. First results applied to realistic simulation scenarios are presented.