gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigations of a New High-Performance Low-Band-Gap Photovoltaic Polymer Semiconductor (2016)

Application of our newly synthesized low-band-gap polymer, i.e., PDTBT-TT, in organic solar cells (OSCs) has been studied. We have investigated the effects of molecular weight of the PDTBT-TT on the PDTBT-TT:PC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">71</sub> BM-based bulk heterojunction OSCs’ performance. It was found that the OSCs fabricated with higher molecular weight <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(M_{n})$</tex-math></inline-formula> PDTBT-TT polymer have the higher short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency. The better performance of the PDTBT-TT-based OSC with the higher <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula> PDTBT-TT polymer is attributed to the improved charge transfer resistance and the suppressed bimolecular recombination inside the PDTBT-TT:PC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">71 </sub> BM blend active layer of the OSC. Moreover, the increased doping density observed in the higher <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula> PDTBT-TT:PC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">71</sub> BM-based OSCs increases the photocurrent and leads to the cell's higher power conversion efficiency.
The role of water in drug–receptor interactions (2006)

The idea that liquid water is not a uniform and random arrangement of molecules has been taken very seriously by the scientific community. Many experimental and computational investigations show that clathrate- or ice-like structures probably exist at a short time scale in solution. We have designed a new program to simulate water structure around solutes. Our model is based on the geometrical constraints of hydrogen bonding in order to be capable of producing clathrate-like structures. Simulations with small molecules and bio-molecules, using the new software, produce networks of water with specific patterns made of small water rings. The water structures built are consistent with the classification of molecules in terms of structure breaking and making. This approach may give insight into, and a more accurate description of, drug-receptor interactions. The results also suggest that water structure may impart sufficient energy to modify the conformational space of organic molecules through hydrogen bonding.
Probabilistic registration for large-scale mobile participatory sensing (2013)

One of the main benefits of mobile participatory sensing becoming a reality is the increased knowledge it will provide about the real world while relying on a large number of mobile devices. Those devices can host different types of sensors incorporated in every aspect of our lives. However, given the increasing number of capable mobile devices, any participatory sensing approach should be, first and foremost, scalable. To address this challenge, we present an approach to decrease the participation of (sensing) devices in a manner that does not compromise the accuracy of the real-world information while increasing the efficiency of the overall system. To reduce the number of the devices involved, we present a probabilistic registration approach, based on a realistic human mobility model, that allows devices to decide whether or not to register their sensing services depending on the probability of other, equivalent devices being present at the locations of their expected path. We present the design and implementation of a registration middleware based on our techniques, using which mobile devices can base their registration decision. Through experiments performed on real and simulated datasets, we show that our approach scales, while not sacrificing significant amounts of sensing coverage.
Characteristics of multi GUN MgO physical vapor deposition system (2006)

Summary form only given. MgO thin film is used as a protective layer of dielectric layer in plasma display panel. The MgO film is usually coated by physical vapor deposition process, in which plasma gun or electron gun is used as a heating source. To reduce the production cost, most PDP panel makers produce several PDP panel at once by using a large glass. To make uniform MgO film on such a large glass of 100 inches, the MgO PVD evaporator should have multi plasma or electron guns. In the multi gun evaporation system, one could expect symmetric profile of evaporated film with symmetric gun condition. In the electron gun system, evaporation rate shows linear relation with electron gun power, regardless of the gun position. However, there is strong dependence of evaporation rate with gun position in plasma gun evaporation system, i.e. the profile of MgO film is not symmetric even if the plasma gun conditions of geometry, power, magnetic field and others are all symmetric. In this paper, evaporation profiles of the electron and plasma gun evaporator systems will be analyzed based on plasma dynamics. The abnormal evaporation behavior of multi plasma gun evaporation system will be explained by plasma drift motion
Structural and electrical properties of YBa2Cu3O7−x films on SrTiO3(110) substrates (1991)

The structural and electrical properties of in situ laser deposited thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x on SrTiO3(110) substrates were studied as a function of deposition temperature. It was found that at low temperatures, grains with the 〈110〉 axis perpendicular to the substrate surface dominated. At higher temperatures, 〈103〉 perpendicular films were obtained. The Jc was found to be extremely anisotropic. For 〈103〉 perpendicular films at 70 K, the Jc’s were found to be 0.85×106 A/cm2 and 5×102 A/cm2 along the substrate 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions, respectively.
TRAITEMENT D'URGENCE DES LESIONS DUODENALES GRAVES DUES A L'INGESTION DE PRODUITS CAUSTIQUES (1993)

Les auteurs presentent une serie de 58 patients suivis entre 1980 et 1992 dans le Departement Chirurgical de l'Hopital Majeur de Milan, apres ingestion accidentelle ou volontaire de produits caustiques. Ils proposent une attitude therapeutique aggressive avec indications etendues d'une chirurgie precoce, conservatrice ou radicale, basee sur des constations cliniques et endoscopiques precises. la presence chez 4 patients (7%) de lesions grave de 2 e segment du duodenum a oblige a des choix chirurgicaux difficiles et complexes
Reversible boolean networks II: Phase transition, oscillation, and local structures (2000)

We continue our consideration of a class of models describing the reversible dynamics of $N$ Boolean variables, each with $K$ inputs. We investigate in detail the behavior of the Hamming distance as well as of the distribution of orbit lengths as $N$ and $K$ are varied. We present numerical evidence for a phase transition in the behavior of the Hamming distance at a critical value $K_c\approx 1.65$ and also an analytic theory that yields the exact bounds on $1.5 \le K_c \le 2.$ We also discuss the large oscillations that we observe in the Hamming distance for $K
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Inhibition of ADP Ribosylation Prevents and Cures <i>Helicobacter</i>-Induced Gastric Preneoplasia (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Inhibition of ADP Ribosylation Prevents and Cures &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter&lt;/i&gt;-Induced Gastric Preneoplasia
Evaluating dynamic reliability of power MOSFETs in low voltage hard-switched applications (2012)

In this paper, a new method is presented to monitor and analyze the thermal behavior of power MOSFETs as a response to transient and steady-state operational conditions. In the proposed solution, with different DUT-cards, it is possible to investigate different available packages for devices. The proposed method is a powerful tool for research and development activities where selecting the proper device for specific applications has a vital role. Examples of real application scenarios such as power tools are discussed where both current and voltage stresses have major heating impact on power MOSFETs and may cause thermal runaway and failure. In different tests we have compared MOSFETs considering parameters such as RDSon, die size and package type. A simulating tool using MATLAB predicts the transient and steady-state behavior of this system which can be used for further investigation.
A reconstruction of the duct system and secretory tubules of the human bronchial submucosal gland (1969)

A graphic reconstruction has been made of a submucosal gland from a normal human main bronchus, revealing a collecting duct not previously described. Ciliated respiratory epithelium dips into the gland opening to line the first part of the duct, the <i>ciliated duct</i>, and then gives way, in the <i>collecting duct</i>, to an epithelium composed of tall, columnar, eosinophilic cells containing numerous large mitochondria. This cell structure suggests that the collecting duct controls ionic and water concentration. From the collecting duct arise secretory tubules lined by mucous cells—<i>mucous tubules</i>. Tubules lined by serous cells—<i>serous tubules</i>—arise from mucous tubules either terminally or laterally.
Randomized study of filgrastim versus molgramostim after peripheral stem cell transplant in breast cancer. (1998)

This randomized study shows that filgrastrim and molgramostim yield quite similar toxicity and efficacy for early hematopoietic reconstitution after PBSCT in breast cancer patients.
A Fluorescent Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Selective Detection of Nitro Explosives and Metal Ions (2017)

Abstract In this work, a new porous Zr‐based metal‐organic framework ( MOF ) with a large Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller ( BET ) surface area was prepared by the solvothermal method using 4,4’‐(naphthalene‐1,4‐diyl)dibenzoic acid ( NDDA ) as the organic ligand, and the luminescent detection performance was studied systematically. The experiments combing with computations indicate that the as‐synthesized material can sensitively and selectively detect nitro explosives and metal ions, especially for 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol ( TNP ) and Fe 3+ , due to the possible electron transfer from inorganic moieties to organic moieties with naphthalene part. Interestingly, owing to its high porosity and large surface area, this Zr‐ MOF showed quick luminescent response time (in 1 min) for TNP and Fe 3+ . The results obtained may provide useful information for the design of MOFs with the large permanent porosity in sensing applications for large molecules in the future.
Multi-Dimensional, Short-Timescale Quantification of Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Motor Dysfunction (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder characterized by heterogenous motor dysfunction with fluctuations in severity. Objective, short-timescale characterization of this dysfunction is necessary as therapies become increasingly adaptive. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aims to characterize a novel, naturalistic, and goal-directed tablet-based task and complementary analysis protocol designed to characterize the motor features of PD. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 26 patients with PD and without deep brain stimulation (DBS), 20 control subjects, and eight patients with PD and with DBS completed the task. Eight metrics, each designed to capture an aspect of motor dysfunction in PD, were calculated from 1-second, non-overlapping epochs of the raw positional and pressure data captured during task completion. These metrics were used to generate a classifier using a support vector machine (SVM) model to produce a unifying, scalar "motor error score" (MES). The data generated from these patients with PD were compared to same-day standard clinical assessments. Additionally, these data were compared to analogous data generated from a separate group of 12 patients with essential tremor (ET) to assess the task's specificity for different movement disorders. Finally, an SVM model was generated for each of the eight patients with PD and with DBS to differentiate between their motor dysfunction in the "DBS On" and "DBS Off" stimulation states. <b>Results:</b> The eight metrics calculated from the raw positional and force data captured during task completion were non-redundant. MES generated by the SVM analysis protocol showed a strong correlation with MDS-UPDRS-III scores assigned by movement disorder specialists. Analysis of the relative contributions of each of the eight metrics showed a significant difference between the motor dysfunction of PD and ET. Much of this difference was attributable to the homogenous, tremor-dominant phenotype of ET motor dysfunction. Finally, in individual patients with PD with DBS, task performance and subsequent SVM classification effectively differentiated between the "DBS On" and "DBS Off" stimulation states. <b>Conclusion:</b> This tablet-based task and analysis protocol correlated strongly with expert clinical assessments of PD motor dysfunction. Additionally, the task showed specificity for PD when compared to ET, another common movement disorder. This specificity was driven by the relative heterogeneity of motor dysfunction of PD compared to ET. Finally, the task was able to distinguish between the "DBS On" and "DBS Off" states within single patients with PD. This task provides temporally-precise and specific information about motor dysfunction in at least two movement disorders that could feasibly correlate to neural activity.
Back Cover: Sensitivity enhancing injection from a sample reservoir and channel interface in microchip electrophoresis (2017)

J. Sep. Sci. 2017, 40, 927–932 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601064 The Back Cover picture shows a stacking injection for microchip electrophoresis. The cationic analyte is stacked via micelle to solvent stacking at the boundary of the sample reservoir and channel. The micelle-bound analyte is carried to the boundary where the presence of organic solvent causes a release from the micelles and analyte stacking at the channel interface. After stacking, the analyte is injected into the channel by reversing the voltage. This simple injection strategy yielded a 150-fold sensitivity improvement.
First Fully CMOS-Integrated 3D Hall Probe (2005)

We present the first fully CMOS-integrated 3D Hall probe. The microsystem is developed for precise magnetic field measurements in the range from mT up to tens of tesla in the frequency range from DC to 30 kHz and with a spatial resolution of about 150 Î¼m. The microsystem is realized in a conventional CMOS process without any additional processing step and can be manufactured at very low cost. With the electronics circuit applying the so-called spinning-current technique to the Hall sensor block, we obtain low noise (a resolution better than 100 Î¼T) and low cross talk between the channels (less than 0.2% between the channels up to 2 T). The single chip configuration insures a precision of the orthogonality between the measurement axes better than 0.5Â°. A temperature sensor based on a band-gap cell is integrated directly on the chip, which allows a good temperature drift compensation of the system.
Flow-Tagging Velocimetry for Hypersonic Flows Using Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide (2003)

We investigate a new type of flow-tagging velocimetry technique for hypersonic flows. The technique involves exciting a thin line of nitric oxide molecules with a laser beam and then, after some delay, acquiring an image of the displaced line. One component of velocity is determined from the time of flight. This method is applied to measure the velocity profile in a Mach 8.5 laminar, hypersonic boundary layer in the Australian National Universities T2 free-piston shock tunnel. The velocity is measured with an uncertainty of approximately 2%. Comparison with a CFD simulation of the flow shows reasonable agreement.
Effect of toxic cations on copper rhizotoxicity in wheat seedlings (2005)

Copper pollution may occur in acidic soils where the low pH leads to release of Al and Mn in soil solution, which could interact with Cu toxicity. Very little information exists regarding the influence of toxic cations on the phytotoxicity of Cu. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that phytotoxicity of Cu2+ may be overestimated in acidic soils due to synergism between Al or Mn and Cu toxicity. Rhizotoxicity of Al, Mn, and Cu to wheat seedlings was studied in well-defined nutrient solutions, with these elements present singly or in combination. Toxicity was expressed on a solution metal-activity basis, with metal activities calculated using GEOCHEM-PC and verified using Donnan dialysis. Of the three ions, Cu2+ was the most rhizotoxic, with activities of Cu2+, Al3+, and Mn2+ resulting in a 25% reduction in root elongation of 0.12, 1.26, and 211 microM, respectively. Although there was no interaction between Mn2+ and Cu2+ toxicity, Cu2+ was significantly less toxic on a relative basis in the presence of Al3+. Thus, critical thresholds for soil solution Cu2+ activity determined in acidic soils will be underprotective compared to soils that contain low concentrations of soluble Al (e.g., limed or nonacidic soils).
Harvesting multi-qubit entanglement from ultrastrong interactions in circuit QED (2017)

We analyze a multi-qubit circuit QED system in the regime where the qubit-photon coupling dominates over the system's bare energy scales. Under such conditions a manifold of low-energy states with a high degree of entanglement emerges. Here we describe a time-dependent protocol for extracting these quantum correlations and converting them into well-defined multi-partite entangled states of non-interacting qubits. Based on a combination of various ultrastrong-coupling effects the protocol can be operated in a fast and robust manner, while still being consistent with experimental constraints on switching times and typical energy scales encountered in superconducting circuits. Therefore, our scheme can serve as a probe for otherwise inaccessible correlations in strongly-coupled circuit QED systems. It also shows how such correlations can potentially be exploited as a resource for entanglement-based applications.
A volumetric representation for obstacle detection in vegetated terrain (2014)

This paper presents a method for 3-D based obstacle detection on autonomous vehicles navigating in vegetated environments. At its core three different methods processing the surrounding occupancy, taken at separate stages and volumetric resolutions, are combined to a reliable and broad solution. Geometric relationships are evaluated at a coarse, yet robust, volumetric representation to form an initial assessment on obstacles. Then, a more careful evaluation takes place, at finer resolutions, to determine which obstacles are part of the scene's vegetation, thus not real obstacles. Field experiments are shown to validate the method's applicability on two different autonomous vehicles: a water surface robot and a terrestrial four-wheeled one.
Acoustic startle response in young and aging C57BL/6J and CBA/J mice. (1988)

C57BL/6J (C57) mice demonstrate progressive age-related hearing loss during the first year of life, whereas CBA/J (CBA) mice lose little sensitivity through 18 months of age. The acoustic startle response (ASR) was measured in these strains to determine behavioral correlates of aging with and without presbycusis. The stimuli were tone pips (10-ms duration, 1-ms rise-fall) with frequencies of 4, 8, 12, 16, or 24 kHz at intensities of 70, 80, 90, or 100 dB SPL. ASR "thresholds" (the minimum SPL required to elicit ASRs more than 50% of the time) increased with age, and startle amplitudes became smaller in both strains. However, the changes in these startle parameters were much more pronounced in C57 mice, with middle to high frequencies (12-24 kHz) severely affected. The startle latencies at and above ASR "threshold" increased with age in C57 mice, but did not change in CBA mice. The CBA data indicate that aging, per se, has little effect on ASR parameters; the C57 data show that hearing loss is a cogent factor. However, ASR parameters of C57 mice are altered to a greater extent than expected, on the basis of the elevations of absolute sensory thresholds, particularly for middle frequencies (12-16 kHz). Both peripheral and central mechanisms are proposed to account for the discrepancy.
Mutations in the rel-homology domain alter the biochemical properties of v-rel and render it transformation defective in chicken embryo fibroblasts. (1992)

Sequential deletions of approximately 100 base pairs were made in the rel-homology domain of the viral rel protein. Each deletion mutant was cloned into a replication-competent viral vector and assayed in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). The deleted v-rel proteins were analysed for localization, complex formation and ability to induce transformation. In vitro-translated mutant proteins were assayed for binding to a NF-kappa B consensus sequence. All the deletion mutants between nucleotides 37 and 798 in v-rel were transformation defective. Each of the mutants localized predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type v-rel localizes predominantly in the nucleus of CEFs. Any disruption of the rel-homology domain reduced binding of the mutant v-rel proteins to the cellular protein, p36, while the requirements for binding to p68c-rel, p115 and p124 appeared to be more complicated. The binding of these three proteins to v-rel appeared to be linked and mediated through c-rel, suggesting that v-rel disrupts normal c-rel function. None of the deletion mutants in this region were able to bind to the NF-kappa B site. However, mutants which lie outside the rel-homology domain retained the ability to transform CEFs, localize to the nucleus, complex with p36, p115, p124 and p68c-rel and bind to the NK-kappa B site. These results suggest that transformation by v-rel requires an intact rel-homology domain and that the biochemical properties of v-rel are linked and dependent upon higher order protein structure for full function.
RotationNet: Joint Learning of Object Classification and Viewpoint Estimation using Unaligned 3D Object Dataset (2016)

We propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based model which takes multi-view images of an object as input and jointly estimates its pose and object category. Unlike previous approaches that use known viewpoint labels for training, our method treats the viewpoint labels as latent variables, which are learned in an unsupervised manner during the training using an unaligned object dataset. RotationNet is designed to use only a partial set of multi-view images for inference, and this property makes it useful in practical scenarios where only partial views are available. Moreover, our pose alignment strategy enables one to obtain view-specific feature representations shared across classes, which is important to maintain high accuracy in both object categorization and pose estimation. Effectiveness of RotationNet is demonstrated by its superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods of 3D object classification on 10- and 40-class ModelNet datasets. We also show that RotationNet, even trained without known poses, achieves the state-of-the-art performance on an object pose estimation dataset. The code is available on this https URL