gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simplified, One-Pot Preparation of Acetobromosugars from Reducing Sugars (1990)

ABSTRACT Acetobromoglycoses continue to be important as glycosyl donors in the synthesis of simple glycosides as well as complex oligosaccharides. From reducing sugars they are usually prepared via their peracetates in two steps. In the first step, sugars are converted to their peracetates using pyridine and acetic anhydride1,2 and the acetates are then converted in a second step to acetobromosugars using a solution of hydrogen bromide in glacial acetic acid(HBr/HOAc).2 Although not in use very often Redemann and Niemann3 as well as Lemieux4 have described one-pot methods for the preparation of acetobromoglucose wherein the reducing sugar is first treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid3 or perchloric acid4 respectively to afford the peracetate. Direct conversion of the peracetate to its 1-bromo-derivative, in yields ranging from 80-87%, was then achieved by either treating the solution of the peracetate with gaseous HBr3 or with bromine in the presence of red phosphorus.4 In another approach to a one-pot method Humoller5 prepared tri-O-acetyl-β-L-arabinopyranosyl bromide in 40% yield by passing anhydrous HBr gas through a suspension of L-arabinose in acetic anhydride. By an essentially similar method Dale6 obtained acetobromosugars in yields ranging from 26-77% depending upon the sugar. Because acetobromosugars are the compounds most frequently used for synthesizing numerous other sugar derivatives, we thought it would be worthwhile to report our recent observation that acetic anhydride and HBr/HOAc can be used with advantage for the preparation of acetobromosugars.
Surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia with Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation. (1992)

Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation of myocardial VT using a sequential approach is a viable method that permits an ongoing study of this entity. Operative mortality remains high in patients with diffusely poor left ventricular function. Epicardial VT is frequent in patients with inferior infarcts and may account for inferior results in these patients when conventional endocardial approaches are used alone.
Refractive Effect of Epithelial Remodelling in Myopia after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (2022)

(1) Introduction: We analysed epithelial changes after the treatment of moderate myopia with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy. (2) Materials and Methods: We used optical coherence tomography data and analysed changes in the stroma and epithelium after ablation. We aimed to ascertain how much epithelium hyperplasia occurred after TransPRK; for this, we used data from 50 eyes treated with TransPRK with the AMARIS 1050 Hz, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. (3) Results: The measured epithelial changes corresponded to a less than 0.1 ± 0.2D of spherical effect, less than 0.2 ± 0.2D of astigmatic effect, and less than 0.5 ± 0.2D of comatic effect. (4) Conclusions: The changes in epithelial thickness after aberration-neutral transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for moderate myopia were very small, indicating a low level of epithelial hyperplasia without resembling a regression-inducing lentoid.
A Selective Medium for the Isolation and Differentiation of Gluconobacter and Acetobacter (1982)

ABSTRACT A new medium permits selective isolation of acetic acid bacteria within 3 days and differentiation between Gluconobacter and Acetobacter within 48 hr. Dextrose Sorbitol Mannitol (DSM) Agar was devised to provide differentiation of Gluconobacter and Acetobacter based on the preferential oxidation of carbon sources. Selectivity is achieved by acidification and the incorporation of cycloheximide to inhibit yeast and mold growth. To minimize interference by other acid tolerant gram positive bacteria, best results were obtained with the addition of 29.5 micrograms of brilliant green or 0.1g of sodium desoxycholate per liter of medium. D.S.M. has been used in our laboratory as both a selective and differential medium in beverage and fermentation quality control procedures.
Supplementary Table 1 from Gender-Specific Molecular and Clinical Features Underlie Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Whole genome sequencing data analysis of 10 MPM tumor and matched DNA generated by Complete Genomics platform&lt;/p&gt;
Do aggregates of multiple questions better capture overall fish consumption than summary questions (2006)

Objective: To compare intake estimates, validity and reliability of two summary questions to measure fish consumption with information from a detailed semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on fish consumption. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants completed an FFQ and provided blood samples for erythrocyte membrane eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) analysis. Aggregate measures of consumption of fresh/frozen/canned fish (fresh fish) and smoked/salted/dried fish (preserved fish) were generated from the FFQ and were compared with responses to the summary questions regarding intakes of similar items. Both methods were tested for validity, using correlation and linear regression techniques with EPA, and retest reliability. Setting: Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia. Subjects: One hundred and nine healthy volunteers of both sexes, aged 21‐75 years. Results: The summary fresh fish measure underestimated frequency and grams per week given by the aggregate question by about 50%, while estimates from the summary preserved fish measure were approximately three times that of the aggregate measure. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that the aggregates accounted for more of the variation in EPA levels, but the difference was minimal. Intra-class correlations confirmed that both methods were reliable. Conclusions: Our study indicates that extensive questioning results in different absolute intakes of fish compared with brief questioning, but does not add any information if ranking individuals according to overall consumption of fish.
A Voltage Integrator (1948)

Integration, with respect to time, of a varying voltage is accomplished by counting the revolutions of the output shaft of a rate servomechanism. Accuracy of the order of ±0.1 percent over a 100-fold range of input voltage is obtained, with speed of response ample for many purposes.
Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers (2016)

Adsorptive membranes have many applications in removal of contaminants, such as heavy metals and organic contaminants from water. Recently, increasing concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds, especially antibiotics, such as chlortetracycline in water and wastewater sources has raised concerns about their potentially adverse impacts on environment and human health. In this study, a series of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/activated biochar nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with different loadings of biochar (0-2%, w/w) were fabricated using electrospinning. The morphology and structure of fabricated membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that at 1.5% of biochar loading, the surface area reached the maximum value of 12.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g and beyond this loading value, agglomeration of particles inhibited fine interaction with nanofibrous matrix. Also, the adsorption tests using chlortetracycline showed that, under environmentally relevant concentrations, the fabricated adsorptive NFMs had a potential for removal of these types of emerging contaminants from water and wastewaters.
Data from Antitumor Activity of BIBF 1120, a Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor, and Use of VEGFR2<sup>+</sup>pTyr<sup>+</sup> Peripheral Blood Leukocytes as a Pharmacodynamic Biomarker <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; BIBF 1120 is a potent, orally available triple angiokinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGF receptors (VEGFR) 1, 2, and 3, fibroblast growth factor receptors, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. This study examined the antitumor effects of BIBF 1120 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and attempted to identify a pharmacodynamic biomarker for use in early clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We evaluated the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of BIBF 1120 against HCC cell line both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. For the pharmacodynamic study, the phosphorylation levels of VEGFR2 in VEGF-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were evaluated in mice inoculated with HCC cells and treated with BIBF 1120.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; BIBF 1120 (0.01 μmol/L) clearly inhibited the VEGFR2 signaling &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. The direct growth inhibitory effects of BIBF 1120 on four HCC cell lines were relatively mild &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values: 2–5 μmol/L); however, the oral administration of BIBF 1120 (50 or 100 mg/kg/d) significantly inhibited the tumor growth and angiogenesis in a HepG2 xenograft model. A flow cytometric analysis revealed that BIBF 1120 significantly decreased the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) levels of VEGFR2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD45&lt;sup&gt;dim&lt;/sup&gt; PBLs and the percentage of VEGFR2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;pTyr&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; PBLs &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;; the latter parameter seemed to be a more feasible pharmacodynamic biomarker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We found that BIBF 1120 exhibited potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity against HCC and identified VEGFR2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;pTyr&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; PBLs as a feasible and noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarker &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1373–81. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) fletcheri (Acari: Trombiculidae) as a Potential Vector of Ehrlichia sennetsu (1987)

Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) fletcheri (Womersley & Heaslip), whether naturally infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Nagayo et al.) or from a R. tsutsugamushi-free colony, failed to acquire or transmit Ehrlichia sennetsu (Misao & Kobayashi) after feeding on Institute of Cancer Research strain of mice experimentally infected with E. sennetsu by intraperitoneal injection. Presence of R. tsutsugamushi organisms in potential vector mites does not enhance establishment of E. sennetsu in mite tissues.
Structure, Formation, and Dynamics of Mo12 and Mo16 Oxothiomolybdenum Rings Containing Terephtalate Derivatives (2007)

The influence of rigid or semirigid dicarboxylate anions, terephtalate (TerP(2-)), isophtalate (IsoP(2-)), and phenylenediacetate (PDA(2-)) on the self-condensation process of the [Mo(2)O(2)S(2)](2+) dioxothio cation has been investigated. Three new molybdenum rings, [Mo(12)O(12)S(12)(OH)(12)(TerP)](2-) ([Mo(12)TerP](2-)), [Mo(16)O(16)S(16)(OH)(16)(H(2)O)(4)(PDA)(2)](4-) ([Mo(16)(PDA)(2)](4-)), and [Mo(16)O(16)S(16)(OH)(16)(H(2)O)(2)(IsoP)(2)](4-) ([Mo(16)(IsoP)(2)](4-)) have been isolated and unambiguously characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray studies and in solution by various NMR methods and especially by diffusion-correlated NMR ((1)H DOSY) spectroscopy, which was shown to be a powerful tool for the characterization and speciation of templated molybdenum ring systems in solution. Characterization by FT-IR and elemental analysis are also reported. The dynamic and thermodynamic properties of both the sixteen-membered rings were studied in aqueous medium. Specific and distinct behaviors were revealed for each system. The IsoP(2-)/[Mo(2)O(2)S(2)](2+) system gave rise to equilibrium, involving mono-templated [Mo(12)IsoP](2-) and bis-templated [Mo(16)(IsoP)(2)](4-) ions. Thermodynamic parameters have been determined and showed that the driving-force for the formation of the [Mo(16)(IsoP)(2)](4-) is entropically governed. However, whatever the conditions (temperature, proportion of reactants), the PDA(2-)/[Mo(2)O(2)S(2)](2+) system led only to a single compound, the [Mo(16)(PDA)(2)](4-) ion. The latter exhibits dynamic behavior, consistent with the gliding of both the stacked aromatic groups. Stability and dynamics of both Mo(16) rings was related to weak hydrophobic or pi-pi stacking inter-template interactions and inner hydrogen-bond network occurring within the [Mo(16)(IsoP)(2)](4-) and [Mo(16)(PDA)(2)](4-) ions.
Recombinant Lipases and Phospholipases and Their Use as Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications (2015)

Lipases and phospholipases are interfacial enzymes that hydrolyze hydrophobic ester linkages of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. In addition to their role as esterases, these enzymes catalyze a plethora of other reactions; indeed, lipases also catalyze esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions, and phospholipases also show acyltransferase, transacylase and transphosphatidylation activities. Thus, lipases and phospholipases represent versatile biocatalysts that are widely used in various industrial applications, such as for biodiesels, food, nutraceuticals, oil degumming and detergents; minor applications also include bioremediation, agriculture, cosmetics, leather and paper industries. These enzymes are ubiquitous in most living organisms, across animals, plants, yeasts, fungi and bacteria. For their greater availability and their ease of production, microbial lipases and phospholipases are preferred to those derived from animals and plants. Nevertheless, traditional purification strategies from microbe cultures have a number of disadvantages, which include non-reproducibility and low yields. Moreover, native microbial enzymes are not always suitable for biocatalytic processes. The development of molecular techniques for the production of recombinant heterologous proteins in a host system has overcome these constraints, as this allows high-level protein expression and production of new redesigned enzymes with improved catalytic properties. These can meet the requirements of specific industrial process better than the native enzymes. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structural and functional features of lipases and phospholipases, to describe the recent advances in optimization of the production of recombinant lipases and phospholipases, and to summarize the information available relating to their major applications in industrial processes.
Chiral synthesis of a useful intermediate for (+)-isocarbacyclin (1987)

A useful intermediate (–)-(4) for (+)-isocarbacyclin (2) ahs been efficiently synthesised via extremely regio-controlled mono-esterfication of the dicarboxylic compound (5) starting from optically active diol (3).
Ultrathin nanosheets of CrSiTe3: a semiconducting two-dimensional ferromagnetic material (2015)

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic monolayer and few-layer CrSiTe<sub>3</sub>crystals are prepared for the first time from the bulk crystals by a simple mechanical exfoliation method.
Extraction of intrinsic contact resistance in organic thin-film transistors with single channel length and high capacitance density (2021)

Accurate characterization of the intrinsic contact resistance is important for the optimization of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), especially in devices with high gate capacitance density. This study reports on a method for the extraction of the intrinsic, or gate-voltage independent, contact resistance from OTFTs. In contrast to the transfer length method (TLM), this method can be applied to devices with single geometry. The method is an extension of the previously reported Y-function method and combines the model proposed by Luan and Neudeck to analyze the effect of the gate voltage on the contact resistance. This method is first applied to OTFTs with a bottom-gate top-contact geometry having varying gate capacitance density values. The intrinsic contact resistance is found to decrease with increased gate capacitance density with values ranging between 4 kΩ cm and under 1 kΩ cm when the gate capacitance is changed from 36.6 to 231.7 nF/cm2, respectively. These values are in good agreement with those obtained using TLM experiments. This method is also shown to be applicable to OTFTs with top-gate bottom-contact geometry.
Effect of Carbazolyl Groups on Photophysical Properties of Cyanuric Chloride (2019)

Long-lived room temperature organic phosphorescence is highly useful in biological imaging, electroluminescent devices, information security, and security protection on account of its unique photophysical process and long-lived luminescence. In recent years, pure organic phosphorescent materials that do not contain rare precious metals have received increasing attention. Carbazole and its derivatives have been used to develop room temperature organic phosphorescent materials. However, the effect of carbazolyl groups on the photophysical properties of pure organic phosphors has rarely been reported. In this work, three cyanuric chloride phosphors (CzDCIT, BiCzDT, and TCzT) modified with different numbers of carbazolyl groups were synthesized. Several characterization techniques were employed to reveal distinct crystal forms of CzDCIT, BiCzDT, and TCzT. The single crystal diffraction of CzDCIT and BiCzDT showed not only different crystal packing modes, but also the formation of internal <i>H</i>-aggregation. These three phosphor powders exhibited dual emissions of blue fluorescence and yellow phosphorescence at room temperature, with luminescence lifetimes of 0.16-0.34 s. Theoretical calculations indicated that different numbers of effective intersystem crossing channels between CzDCIT, BiCzDT, or TCzT were responsible for the luminescence lifetimes. After doping the phosphors into the polymer matrix, they exhibited good persistent phosphorescence and high recoverability in multiple compression-grinding cycles.
Funnel: Choking Polluters in BitTorrent File Sharing Communities (2011)

BitTorrent-based file sharing communities are very popular nowadays. Anecdotal evidence hints that such communities are exposed to content pollution attacks (i.e., publication of "false" files, viruses, or other malware), requiring a moderation effort from their administrators. The size of such a cumbersome task increases with content publishing rate. To tackle this problem, we propose a generic pollution control strategy and instantiate it as a mechanism for BitTorrent communities. The strategy follows a conservative approach: it regards newly published content as polluted, and allows the dissemination rate to increase according to the proportion of positive feedback issued about the content. In contrast to related approaches, the strategy and mechanism avoid the problem of pollution dissemination at the initial stages of a swarm, when insufficient feedback is available to form a reputation about the content. To evaluate the proposed solution, we conducted a set of experiments using a popular BitTorrent agent and an implementation of our mechanism. Results indicate that the proposed approach mitigates the dissemination of polluted content in BitTorrent, imposing a low overhead in the distribution of non-polluted ones.
Ultrathin Cu-TCPP MOF nanosheets: a new theragnostic nanoplatform with magnetic resonance/near-infrared thermal imaging for synergistic phototherapy of cancers (2018)

Nanostructures based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have promising potential as theragnostic nanoplatforms for phototherapy of cancer cells. However, the MOFs alone are seldom reported to be used as photothermal agents mainly due to their poor near-infrared (NIR) light absorption. <b>Methods:</b> Ultrathin copper-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (Cu-TCPP) MOF nanosheets were prepared by a facile solvothermal route. The photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and <i>T<sub>1</sub></i> -weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging capabilities and the high biocompatibility of these composite nanosheets were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i> in a mouse tumor model. <b>Results:</b> The ultrathin Cu-TCPP MOF nanosheets exhibited 1) strong NIR absorption because of the d-d energy band transition of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and the ultrathin characteristic translating into excellent photothermal performance, 2) ability to produce singlet oxygen because of the inherent characteristic of TCPP, and 3) capability for MR imaging because of the unpaired 3<i>d</i> electrons of copper. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study demonstrated that the Cu-TCPP MOF nanosheets are a promising phototherapy nanoplatform with the synergistic ability for PTT and PDT of cancer, guided by MR and infrared thermal imaging.
Status Of The Development Of A Thin Foil High Throughput X-Ray Telescope For The Soviet Spectrum X-Gamma Mission (1989)

The first satellite in a planned series of Soviet X- and gamma ray satellites will be equipped with two high throughput telescopes to be delivered by the Danish Space Research Institute. The thin foil tech-nology was originally developed by P. Serlemitsos at Goddard Space Flight Center, U.S.A. Our modification of this design is optimized with respect to high energy throughput of the telescope. The mechanical design and the status of the surface preparation technologies are described. Various X-ray and optical test facilities for the measurement of surface roughness, &quot;orange peel&quot;, and figure errors are described. An optical parallel beam has been established and results from the first mounted mirrors are discussed. The design goal is an angular resolution of 2 arcminutes (HEW). The first results seem to indicate that this is feasible and the possibility of going down to 1.5 arcminutes exits.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (R)-(-)-Citramalic Acid (1992)

Dimethyl (R)-(-)-citramalate (dimethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylsuccinate, 4) was prepared in ≍ 50% overall yield in four steps from ethyl chloro(hydroxyimino)acetate and ethyl methacrylate. The key transformation involved a regio- and enantiospecific hydrolysis of diethyl (RS)-5-methyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylate (1a) using a protease from Aspergillus oryzae.