gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudo Conditional Random Fields: Joint Training Approach to Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data (2010)

Cascaded approach has been used for a long time to conduct sub-tasks in order to accomplish a major task. We put cascaded approach in a probabilistic framework and analyze possible reasons for cascaded errors. To reduce the occurrence of cascaded errors, we need to add a constraint when performing joint training. We suggest a pseudo Conditional Random Field (pseudo-CRF) approach that models two sub-tasks as two Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). We then present the formulation in the context of a linear chain CRF for solving problems on sequence data. In conducting joint training for a pseudo-CRF, we reuse all existing well-developed efficient inference algorithms for a linear chain CRF, which would otherwise require the use of approximate inference algorithms or simulations that involve long computational time. Our experimental results show an interesting fact that a jointly trained CRF model in a pseudo-CRF may perform worse than a separately trained CRF on a sub-task. However the overall system performance of a pseudo-CRF would outperform that of a cascaded approach. We implement the implicit constraint in the form of a soft constraint such that users can define the penalty cost for violating the constraint. In order to work on large-scale datasets, we further suggest a parallel implementation of the pseudo-CRF approach, which can be implemented on a multi-core CPU or GPU on a graphics card that supports multi-threading. Our experimental results show that it can achieve a 12 times increase in speedup.
Learning reliable information for dependency parsing adaptation (2008)

In this paper, we focus on the adaptation problem that has a large labeled data in the source domain and a large but unlabeled data in the target domain. Our aim is to learn reliable information from unlabeled target domain data for dependency parsing adaptation. Current state-of-the-art statistical parsers perform much better for shorter dependencies than for longer ones. Thus we propose an adaptation approach by learning reliable information on shorter dependencies in an unlabeled target data to help parse longer distance words. The unlabeled data is parsed by a dependency parser trained on labeled source domain data. The experimental results indicate that our proposed approach outperforms the baseline system, and is better than current state-of-the-art adaptation techniques.
Thin compound-eye camera (2005)

An artificial compound-eye objective fabricated by micro-optics technology is adapted and attached to a CMOS sensor array. The novel optical sensor system with an optics thickness of only 0.2 mm is examined with respect to resolution and sensitivity. An optical resolution of 60 x 60 pixels is determined from captured images. The scaling behavior of artificial compound-eye imaging systems is analyzed. Cross talk between channels fabricated by different technologies is evaluated, and the influence on an extension of the field of view by addition of a (Fresnel) diverging lens is discussed. The lithographic generation of opaque walls between channels for optical isolation is experimentally demonstrated.
Reactivity of adrenaline toward alkoxyl radicals and carbonyl triplet states (2008)

The reactivities of adrenaline toward hydrogen abstraction by the tert-butoxyl radical and the excited triplet state of benzophenone have been examined in solution using laser flash photolysis techniques. The rate constants obtained in acetonitrile-rich solvents are 13 and 1.5 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) for benzophenone triplet and the tert-butoxyl radical, respectively. Adrenaline is a better hydrogen donor than phenol, but not as efficient as alpha-tocopherol.
Improved optical design for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) (2002)

This paper presents an improved optical design for the LSST, an f/1.25 three-mirror telescope covering 3.0 degrees full field angle, with 6.9 m effective aperture diameter. The telescope operates at five wavelength bands spanning 386.5 nm to 1040 nm (B, V, R, I and Z). For all bands, 80% of the polychromatic diffracted energy is collected within 0.20 arc-seconds diameter. The reflective telescope uses an 8.4 m f/1.06 concave primary, a 3.4 m convex secondary and a 5.2 m concave tertiary in a Paul geometry. The system length is 9.2 m. A refractive corrector near the detector uses three fused silica lenses, rather than the two lenses of previous designs. Earlier designs required that one element be a vacuum barrier, but now the detector sits in an inert gas at ambient pressure, with the last lens serving as the gas barrier. Small adjustments lead to optimal correction at each band. Each filter has a different axial thickness, and the primary and tertiary mirrors are repositioned for each wavelength band. Features that simplify manufacturing include a flat detector, a far less aspheric convex secondary (10 &mu;m from best fit sphere) and reduced aspheric departures on the lenses and tertiary mirror. Five aspheric surfaces, on all three mirrors and on two lenses, are used. The primary is nearly parabolic. The telescope is fully baffled so that no specularly reflected light from any field angle, inside or outside of the full field angle of 3.0 degrees, can reach the detector.
Pitch Detection Algorithm Based on Teager Energy Operator and Spatial Correlation Function (2007)

An effective pitch period detection method combining Teager energy operator (TEO) with spatial correlation function is proposed. A voiced regions detection (VRD) algorithm based on lifting wavelet transform and Teager energy operator is proposed firstly. Then, an algorithm based on spatial correlation function for estimating pitch frequency only in voiced regions is presented. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a better robustness and more precision compared with the classical wavelet-based methods and auto-correlated function (ACF).
Rab6 is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain and correlates with endoplasmic reticulum stress (2007)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposits of aggregated proteins. Accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins activates protein quality control mechanisms, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We previously reported upregulation of the UPR marker BiP in AD brain. In this study, we investigated the small GTPase Rab6, which is involved in retrograde Golgi-ER trafficking and may function as a post-ER quality control system. Using immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative Western blotting, the expression of Rab6 was analysed in hippocampus, entorhinal and temporal cortex of 10 AD patients and six nondemented control subjects. Rab6 is upregulated in AD temporal cortex from Braak stage 3/4, the same stage that UPR activation is found. We observe increased neuronal Rab6 immunoreactivity in all brain areas examined. Although some neurones show colocalization of immunoreactivity for Rab6 and hyperphosphorylated tau, strong Rab6 staining does not colocalize with tangles. We find a highly significant correlation between the Rab6 and BiP levels. In vitro data show that Rab6 is not upregulated as a result of UPR activation or proteasome inhibition indicating an independent regulatory mechanism. Our data suggest that ER and post-ER protein quality control mechanisms are activated early in the pathology of AD.
BioSFQ Circuit Family for Neuromorphic Computing: Bridging Digital and Analog Domains of Superconductor Technologies (2023)

Superconductor single flux quantum (SFQ) technology is attractive for neuromorphic computing due to low energy dissipation and high, potentially up to 100 GHz, clock rates. We have recently suggested a new family of bioSFQ circuits (V.K. Semenov et al., <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE TAS</i> , vol. 32, no. 4, 1400105, 2022) where information is stored as a value of current in a superconducting loop and transferred as a rate of SFQ pulses propagating between the loops. This approach, in the simplest case dealing with positive numbers, requires single-line transfer channels. In the more general case of bipolar numbers, it requires dual-rail transfer channels. To address this need, we have developed a new comparator with a dual-rail output. This comparator is an essential part of a bipolar multiplier performing an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{X}} \cdot {\bm{Y}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> operation on two analog currents <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{X}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{Y}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . The multiplier has been designed, fabricated, and tested. We also present bioSFQ circuits for implementing an analog bipolar divide operation <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{Y}}/{\bm{X}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and a square root operation <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd {\bm{X}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . We discuss strategic advantages of the suggested bioSFQ approach, e.g., an inherently asynchronous character of bioSFQ cells which do not require explicit clock signals. As a result, bioSFQ circuits are free of racing errors and tolerant to occasional collision of propagating SFQ pulses. This tolerance is due to stochastic nature of data signals generated by comparators operating within their gray zone. The circuits were fabricated in the eight-niobium-layer fabrication process SFQ5ee developed for superconductor electronics at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Depressed mood during pregnancy and the puerperium: clinical recognition and implications for clinical practice (1985)

Mild to moderate depression is common among women during the first 3 months postpartum. The authors studied 20 normal pregnant women in the hope of finding valid predictors of postpartum mood disorder. The subjects rated their level of emotions and various depressive symptoms at 26 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and filled out a brief questionnaire about the emotional circumstances of their pregnancy. The mood scales were repeated at 2 days and 6 weeks postpartum, along with a clinical interview. The antepartum mood scale identified women with postpartum depression and differentiated this condition from the more common, transient postpartum blues. Certain psychosocial variables also predicted postpartum distress. The authors discuss the implications of these findings, emphasizing the feasibility and necessity of routine screening for mood disturbances in prenatal and puerperal women.
Embodiment of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs in Virtual Reality (2022)

Abstract The supernumerary robotic limb system expands the motor function of human users by adding extra artificially designed limbs. It is important for us to embody the system as if it is a part of one’s own body and to maintain cognitive transparency in which the cognitive load is suppressed. Embodiment studies have been conducted with an expansion of bodily functions through a “substitution” and “extension.” However, there have been few studies on the “addition” of supernumerary body parts. In this study, we developed a supernumerary robotic limb system that operates in a virtual environment, and then evaluated whether the extra limb can be regarded as a part of one’s own body using a questionnaire and whether the perception of peripersonal space change with a visuotactile crossmodal congruency task. We found that the participants can embody the extra-limbs after using the supernumerary robotic limb system. We also found a positive correlation between the perceptual change in the crossmodal congruency task and the subjective feeling that the number of one’s arms had increased (supernumerary limb sensation). These results suggest that the addition of an extra body part may cause the participants to feel that they had acquired a new body part that differs from their original body part through a functional expansion.
Anti-Inflammatory Cembranoids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum (2017)

<b>Abstract</b><b>:</b> Cembrane-type diterpenoids are among the most frequently encountered natural products from the soft corals of the genus <i>Lobophytum</i>. In the course of our investigation to identify anti-inflammatory constituents from a wild-type soft coral <i>Lobophytum</i><i>crassum</i>, two new cembranoids, lobophyolide A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), along with five known compounds (<b>3</b>-<b>7</b>), were isolated. The structures of these natural products were identified using NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compound <b>1</b> was found to possess the first identified <i>α</i>-epoxylactone group among all cembrane-type diterpenoids. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of compounds 1-<b>5</b> was evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1-<b>5</b> not only reduced IL-12 release, but also attenuated NO production in LPS-activated dendritic cells. Our data indicated that the isolated series of cembrane-type diterpenoids demonstrated interesting structural features and anti-inflammatory activity which could be further developed into therapeutic entities.
A Detection Method for DeepFake Hard Compressed Videos based on Super-resolution Reconstruction Using CNN (2020)

The DeepFake video detection method based on convolutional neural networks has a poor performance in the dataset of hard compressed DeepFake video. And a large number of false tests will occur to the real data. To solve this problem, a networks model detection method for super-resolution reconstruction of DeepFake video is proposed. First of all, the face area of real data is processed by Gaussian blur, which is converted into negative data, and the real data and processing data are input into neural network for training. Then the residual network is used for super-resolution reconstruction of test data. Finally, the trained model is used to test the video after super-resolution reconstruction. Experiments show that the proposed method can reduce the false detection rate and improve the accuracy in detection of single frames.
Validation and Initial Application of a Semiautomatic Aneurysm Measurement Software: A Tool for Assessing Volumetric Packing Attenuation (2013)

The NeuroVision software provided accurate aneurysm volume measurements and may be a useful standardized tool to measure aneurysm size and volume, especially for multicenter clinical studies. Volume embolization ratio may be a valuable predictor of aneurysm occlusion changes.
Power flow in complex one-dimensional structures using Green's functions (1984)

The measurement of power flow in one-dimensional structures using two-point intensity methods becomes difficult when the structures consist of finite components with different loss factors. If the loss factors are large, the power flow is more easily measured; however, for structural components with small loss factors, the nearfield effects of attachments and ends, high-energy densities, and measurement bias errors hamper the measurement and interpretation of the power flow. The existence of closed-form Green's functions for one-dimensional systems and the ability to construct closed-form Green's functions for systems with inhomogeneities and mutual coupling allow one to calculate closed-form exact solutions for the power flow. From these solutions one can interpret and gain physical insight into the parameters controlling the power flow. Also these solutions permit one to simulate experimental measurement techniques and to assess the aforementioned difficulties. Examples will be illustrated for complex coupled systems consisting of strings with localized and distributed damping. Extensions to other types of structures will be indicated.
Globalized computing education: Europe and the United States (2008)

As computing makes the world a smaller place there will be an increase in the mobility of information technology workers and companies. The European Union has recognized the need for mobility and is instituting educational reforms to provide recognition of worker qualifications. Within computing there have been a number of model curricula proposed in Europe and in the United States. This analysis of these curriculum models and example computing programs finds that in computing worker mobility is also possible across the Atlantic.
Fermentation products of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Cordyceps militaris fermentation products (CMF) on growth performance and immunocompetence of piglets. The study involved three groups of animals, which were supplemented with CMF (500, 1000 and 1500 μg/kg feed), and a control group. CMF supplementation significantly increased growth performance in weaned piglets. Bodyweight gain, average daily gain and feed intake in animals supplemented with 1000 μg CMF/kg feed were significantly higher in comparison with the control group. In addition, CMF supplementation only significantly increased the synthesis of Th1 cytokines, as indicated by the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ. The piglets fed with the CMF supplement displayed an increased cellular immune response. Indeed, alveolar macrophages isolated from piglets supplemented with 1000 and 1500 μg CMF/kg feed had significantly higher chemotactic and phagocytic indices than those isolated from piglets that received the control feed or feed supplemented with 500 μg CMF/kg. In relation to the absence of effect on Th2 cytokines, the CMF supplement had no effect on hog cholera antibody titre. In summary, feed supplementation with CMF improves growth performance and enhances cell-mediated immunity. CMF supplementation may thus be useful at weaning to counteract physiological and immunological stress during this period.Keywords: Cellular immunity, growth performance, humoral immunity, Th1/Th2 cytokines
A qualitative study of smartwatch usage and its usability (2018)

Abstract This study aims to explore usability issues of watch‐type wearable devices and to suggest guidelines for improved operation of smartwatches. To do so, we conducted a series of surveys, interviews, and task performance experiments. Thirty smartwatch users from ages 20 to 43 years were recruited. Users’ experiences of smartwatches were collected via a weeklong, online‐based diary study, which consisted of various tasks to be completed while smartwatches were in use. Our study assessed usability problems associated with those tasks, concurrent tasks conducted while interacting with smartwatches, pain points/discomfort that users had while interacting with their devices, and requirements/requests of the smartwatch users. During the week of tracking, participants were asked to complete the usability evaluation three times a day using usability principles we designed for the study: information display, control, learnability, interoperability, and preference. In addition, task performance tests were conducted for the tasks most frequently conducted on touch‐based displays: number entry, swiping, and scrolling. Specific usability issues of smartwatches were identified and summarized for each usability principle by triangulating survey, interview, and task performance evaluation results. Based on the insights from the results of the study, we conclude by suggesting guidelines for further enhancing users’ experience of future smartwatches.
<title>Resonant bimorph-driven high-torque piezoelectric rotary motor</title> (2001)

A compact high-torque rotary motor was developed for use in large-displacement structural shape control applications. The main principle underlying its operation is rectification and accumulation of small resonant displacement of piezoelectric bimorphs using roller clutches as mechanical diodes. On the driving half of each cycle, the forward motion of the bimorph is converted to rotation of the shaft when the hub drive torque exceeds that of the load. On the recovery half of each cycle, a second, fixed, roller clutch prevents the load from backdriving the shaft. This approach substantially increased the output mechanical power relative to that of previous inchworm-type motor designs. Experiments to date, conducted under conditions of continuous operation at a 90 Vrms drive level, have demonstrated a stall torque of about 0.4 N-m, a no-load speed of about 750 RPM, peak power output greater than 1 W, and power density of about 5 W/kg. While not yet competitive with conventional motor technologies, this motor may also be fabricated in unusual (i.e., non-cylindrical) form factors, enabling greater geometric conformability than that of typical motors. The use of commercial roller clutches, piezoelectric bimorphs, and single frequency drive signals also results in a simple, inexpensive design.
Temperature Data on Mk 82 Bombs Used in CASS Mini-Deck Tests (1970)

Abstract : Thermal characteristics were determined on inert Mk 82 bombs subjected to elevated temperatures during the CASS Mini-Deck Test Series Nos. 2 through 11. Theoretical cook-off predictions on the bombs were made on the assumption that the bombs contained H-6 explosive and that the inside and outside surfaces were not insulated or protected in any manner.
Investigation of the mechanical performance and weathering of hemp concrete (2020)

Lime hemp concrete is a sustainable building material that combines hemp shiv and building limes. The construction industry is responsible of the use of non-renewable materials, fossil, fuels, and cement, which produce high emission of carbon dioxide. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect mix composition and the size of specimen on the mechanical performance and weathering of hemp concrete. The compressive strength 7 days and 28 days of hemp concrete were measured. The results demonstrated that binder content, size of specimens and densities had a significant influence on the compressive strength at both ages. Additionally, the wetting and drying cycles had highlighted the influence of weathering experiments after 10 cycles of testing on mechanical and physical properties of hemp concrete.
Daphne striata Tratt. and D. mezereum L.: a study of anti-proliferative activity towards human cancer cells and antioxidant properties (2018)

In this study, we investigated for the first time the anti-proliferative and antioxidant properties of <i>D. mezereum</i> and <i>D. striata</i>. The aerial parts were extracted by maceration with <i>n</i>-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. MPLC, GC, and GC-MS were used for the phytochemical study. The anti-proliferative activity was tested against MCF-7, A549, LNCaP, ACHN, and C32 cancer human cells. The antioxidant activity was measured by employing β-carotene bleaching, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP tests. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was applied from the perspective of statistics. <i>D. mezereum</i> dichloromethane extract showed a remarkable anti-proliferative with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 6.08 μg/mL against LNCaP cells. Experimental data indicate that <i>Daphne</i> species have interesting anti-proliferative and antioxidant properties that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs.