gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation localization imaging-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (fliFISH) for accurate detection and counting of RNA copies in single cells (2017)

Quantitative gene expression analysis in intact single cells can be achieved using single molecule-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). This approach relies on fluorescence intensity to distinguish between true signals, emitted from an RNA copy hybridized with multiple oligonucleotide probes, and background noise. Thus, the precision in smFISH is often compromised by partial or nonspecific probe binding and tissue autofluorescence, especially when only a small number of probes can be fitted to the target transcript. Here we provide an accurate approach for setting quantitative thresholds between true and false signals, which relies on on-off duty cycles of photoswitchable dyes. This fluctuation localization imaging-based FISH (fliFISH) uses on-time fractions (measured over a series of exposures) collected from transcripts bound to as low as 8 probes, which are distinct from on-time fractions collected from nonspecifically bound probes or autofluorescence. Using multicolor fliFISH, we identified radial gene expression patterns in mouse pancreatic islets for insulin, the transcription factor, NKX2-2 and their ratio (Nkx2-2/Ins2). These radial patterns, showing higher values in β cells at the islet core and lower values in peripheral cells, were lost in diabetic mouse islets. In summary, fliFISH provides an accurate, quantitative approach for detecting and counting true RNA copies and rejecting false signals by their distinct on-time fractions, laying the foundation for reliable single-cell transcriptomics.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanowire and Nanobelt Platform for Nanotechnology (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hepatic and extra-hepatic stimulation of glutathione release into plasma by norepinephrine in vivo (2000)

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) export from hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues in vivo. Anesthetized Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) males were implanted with cannulae in the carotid artery, hepatic vein (HV) and hepatic portal veins (PV), and the left bile duct. In Experiment 1, GSH and GSSG in hepatic and portal venous plasma and bile were determined prior to, during, and following two 20-min infusions of NE (2 and 10 microg/min per kg BW) into the hepatic PV. The lower NE infusion rate increased hepatic venous GSH (indicative of increased GSH export into liver sinusoids) without affecting systemic or hepatic vascular pressures; however, it had no affect on portal venous GSH. The higher NE infusion rate increased GSH in the HV and hepatic PV (indicative of extra hepatic export of glutathione) as well as systemic pressure, hepatic and portal venous pressures, and the transhepatic pressure gradient. Biliary secretion of GSH and GSSG was unaffected by either rate of NE infusion in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, pretreatment of birds with phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (alpha-block), abolished sinusoidal export GSH as well as the ability of NE to stimulate GSH release from hepatic and extra-hepatic tissue. Although HV and PV pressures were lower in alpha-block birds compared with controls, there were no differences in the transhepatic pressure gradient between groups. Plasma GSSG was below the limits of detection in Experiments 1 and 2. The combined results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that hepatic export of GSH was independent of changes in systemic or hepatic vascular pressures or changes in the transhepatic pressure gradient. The results of these studies are the first to demonstrate that export of GSH into plasma in vivo is mediated by an alpha-receptor-mediated mechanism in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. The findings may be particularly important with regard to antioxidant homeostasis of animals during periods of stress.
Therapy of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. (1986)

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an under-recognized yet sometimes fatal complication of antipsychotic drug therapy. NMS is comprised of hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic disturbances, and altered consciousness. Until recently, there was no specific therapy for NMS other than discontinuing the offending neuroleptic and providing symptomatic treatment. However, 4 drugs (dantrolene and the dopamine agonists amantadine, bromocriptine, and carbidopa/levodopa) have clearly emerged to merit consideration in the therapy of NMS. The literature on their use in this disorder, either alone or in combination, is reviewed. The combination of dantrolene (a peripheral muscle relaxant) and post-synaptic dopamine agonists may prove the most effective in this condition.
“Reverse” Carbocyclic Fleximers: Synthesis of a New Class of Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors (2013)

A series of flexible carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleosides has been designed and synthesized. In contrast to previously reported "fleximers" from our laboratory, these analogues have the connectivity of the heterocyclic base system "reversed", where the pyrimidine ring is attached to the sugar moiety, rather than the five membered imidazole ring. As was previously seen with the ribose fleximers, their inherent flexibility should allow them to adjust to enzyme binding site mutations, as well as increase the affinity for atypical enzymes. Preliminary biological screening has revealed surprising inhibition of adenosine deaminase, despite their lack of resemblance to adenosine.
A clinical role of staging laparoscopy in patients with radiographically defined locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2015)

The majority of PDAC patients with RD-LA had occult distant organ metastasis. Clinical features and survival curves were different depending on the site of occult distant organ metastasis. Administration of second-line chemotherapy and responsiveness to chemotherapy were associated with favorable prognosis. Staging laparoscopy should be routinely performed in patients with RD-LA PDAC (UMIN000019936).
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Sugar‐Substituted Bipyridine Complexes of Rhenium and 99m‐Technetium (2007)

Novel ligands have been obtained from the reaction of 4,4'-dibromomethyl-2,2'-bipyridine with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylthiol, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosylthiol or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-thioacetylmannopyranoside in which the sugar residues are thioglycosidically linked to the bipyridine in the 4,4'-position. Cleavage of the acetyl groups affords hydrophilic symmetric ligands with free hydroxyl groups. Reaction of the new glycoconjugated ligands (L) with [Re(CO)(5)Cl] yields fluorescent complexes of general formula [Re(L)(CO)(3)Cl], which were characterised by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR, IR, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. These complexes exhibit excellent solubility and stability in organic solvents or water, depending on the residues of the sugar. One complex, namely tricarbonyl-4,4'-bis[(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glycopyranosyl)thiomethyl]-2,2'-bipyridinerheniumtricarbonylo chloride, has been characterised by X-ray crystallography. A non-symmetric structure of the complexes could be assigned. Radiolabelling of the unprotected ligands with [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) affords the corresponding water-soluble technetium complexes (in quantitative yields), which were characterised by their HPLC radiation traces. The formed complexes are stable for several hours in the presence of histidine but show partial ligand-exchange after one day.
Additions and Corrections - Assignments of the Carbon Resonances in tert-Butylated 2-Naphthols by the Two-Dimensional C-Relayed H,C-COSY Technique. (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Assignments of the Carbon Resonances in tert-Butylated 2-Naphthols by the Two-Dimensional C-Relayed H,C-COSY Technique.Horst Kessler, Wolfgang Bermel, Christian Griesinger, Peter Hertl, Edgar Streich, and Anton RiekerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 22, 4326Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online15 October 2003Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00372a612https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00372a612research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein–Ligand Interaction Detection with a Novel Method of Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES): Experimental and Theoretical Studies (2016)

Protein-ligand interaction detection without disturbances (e.g., surface immobilization, fluorescent labeling, and crystallization) presents a key question in protein chemistry and drug discovery. The emergent technology of transient induced molecular electronic spectroscopy (TIMES), which incorporates a unique design of microfluidic platform and integrated sensing electrodes, is designed to operate in a label-free and immobilization-free manner to provide crucial information for protein-ligand interactions in relevant physiological conditions. Through experiments and theoretical simulations, we demonstrate that the TIMES technique actually detects protein-ligand binding through signals generated by surface electric polarization. The accuracy and sensitivity of experiments were demonstrated by precise measurements of dissociation constant of lysozyme and <i>N</i>-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) ligand and its trimer, NAG<sub>3</sub>. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computation is performed to demonstrate that the surface's electric polarization signal originates from the induced image charges during the transition state of surface mass transport, which is governed by the overall effects of protein concentration, hydraulic forces, and surface fouling due to protein adsorption. Hybrid atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy computation show that ligand binding affects lysozyme structure and stability, producing different adsorption orientation and surface polarization to give the characteristic TIMES signals. Although the current work is focused on protein-ligand interactions, the TIMES method is a general technique that can be applied to study signals from reactions between many kinds of molecules.
Comparative Review of MPPT Algorithms (2021)

The research on renewable energies was accelerated due to the speed-up of the global warming, caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) released largely by the burning of fossil fuels. Photovoltaic energy is environment friendly, however it can present adverse effects like electrical non-linearity. To mitigate such effects, the most efficient solution is the implementation of a maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT). The aim of this work is to carry out a review on the latest five years (2015 to 2020), regarding the conventional and novel methods of MPPT. In order to fulfill this objective a bibliographic research was carried out in the Scopus database. The analysis of the selected articles pointed out to 67 MPPT algorithms and show that although there are many algorithms being proposed today, yet still exists a lack of a deeper cost approach which lead to a reduction in the inverter’s final prices.
Efficient, Stereoselective Synthesis of 24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol (1998)

Efficient, stereoselective syntheses of 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol (1) have been developed starting from cholenic acid (4) or stigmasterol (8), both featuring as the key step Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of desmosterol acetate (2). This work permits preparation of gram quantities of 1 for further evaluation as a natural regulator of cholesterol metabolism, specifically, e.g., as a ligand for the LXRα nuclear receptor.
Coordinated research in robotics and manufacturing : Annual report; August 1, 1983 - July 31, 1984. (1983)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/3314/5/bab0498.0002.001.pdf
128x128-element IrSi Schottky-barrier focal plane arrays for long-wavelength infrared imaging (1989)

The fabrication and initial laboratory test of 128x128-element focal plane arrays integrating IrSi detectors with a cutoff wavelength of approximately 9.4 μm and surface-channel CCD readout circuitry are presented. This extends thermal imaging with silicide Schottky-barrier detector arrays into the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral band (8 to 14 μm) for the first time. High-quality imagery with a minimum resolvable temperature of approximately 0.3 K is obtained.
Decreased Polysaccharide Feruloylation Compromises Plant Cell Wall Integrity and Increases Susceptibility to Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens (2016)

The complexity of cell wall composition and structure determines the strength, flexibility, and function of the primary cell wall in plants. However, the contribution of the various components to cell wall integrity (CWI) and function remains unclear. Modifications of cell wall composition can induce plant responses known as CWI control. In this study, we used transgenic expression of the fungal feruloyl esterase AnFAE to examine the effect of post-synthetic modification of Arabidopsis and Brachypodium cell walls. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing AnFAE showed a significant reduction of monomeric ferulic acid, decreased amounts of wall-associated extensins, and increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, compared with wild type. Transgenic Brachypodium showed reductions in monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids and increased susceptibility to Bipolaris sorokiniana. Upon infection, transgenic Arabidopsis and Brachypodium plants also showed increased expression of several defense-related genes compared with wild type. These results demonstrate a role, in both monocot and dicot plants, of polysaccharide feruloylation in plant CWI, which contributes to plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens.
Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in humans (1996)

The vasopressin-sensitive water channel (aquaporin 2; AQP-2) mediates water transport across the apical plasma membrane of the renal collecting ducts and is excreted in human urine. This study presents the hypothesis that measurements of the AQP-2 excretion rate might be used as a marker of collecting-duct responsiveness to vasopressin, and therefore could be useful in the clinical evaluation of various water-balance disorders. This study presents information about the development of an antibody to human AQP-2, and measures the urinary excretion of AQP-2 by quantitative Western analysis. A standard curve of band densities was generated by using known quantities of the modified immunizing peptide to derive the amount of AQP-2 contained in aliquots of urine. AQP-2 urinary excretion changed with short-term alterations in hydration status produced either by water loading (76% decrease, P < 0.01) or by 3% sodium chloride (760% increase, P < 0.01). Steady-state 24-h urinary excretion of AQP-2 was 43 +/- 10 nmol/24 h (or 28.5 +/- 6.9 pmol/mg creatinine), and 20 +/- 6 nmol/24 h (or 18.3 +/- 7.9 pmol/mg creatinine) in men and women, respectively. Therefore, urinary AQP-2 excretion can be quantified by using Western analysis, and may serve as a marker of collecting-duct responsiveness to vasopressin in different physiologic settings.
From zero- to second-level packaging of RF-MEMS devices (2005)

This paper reports the full packaging and assembly of RF-MEMS devices for operation below 6GHz, comprising 0-level, 1-level and 2-level packaging. The fabrication process for the RF-MEMS devices is based on the Philips PASSI/spl trade/ process, which is adapted to accommodate the packaging. The 0-level assembly is based on solder bonding, and is realized on a flip-chip aligner/bonder under atmospheric pressure, at 240/spl deg/C. The 1-level package comprises a chip-scale-package (CSP) in which the 0-level packaged device is directly equipped with solder balls for the interconnect. The individual 1-level assemblies are then flip-chip mounted on a RF-board at 240/spl deg/C, completing the 2-level packaging. RF measurements of a 2nd-level packaged series switch showed an increase of the insertion loss of about 0.1 dB after 0-level packaging, increasing to about 0.5dB after 2nd-level packaging. Preliminary evaluation of the 0-level package hermeticity using switches configured as mechanical resonators indicates an hermetic seal.
Polyether Polyurethanes: Biostable or Not? (1988)

Certain polyether polyurethanes have been shown to be biostable in long-term implant studies. Others retain good bulk properties, but have been shown to develop cracks on their tissue contacting surfaces. Two cracking mechanisms have been identified, in vivo stress cracking and metal ion oxidation. Stress cracking is the result of an interaction between the in vivo mammalian environment and residual stress (strain) in the implanted polymer. Mild autooxidation can be initiated by stress cracking. More extensive autooxidation can be initiated and propagated by corrosion of metallic device components, especially the corrosion products of cobalt. Both mechanisms are controllable, thus, do not necessarily preclude the use of polyether polyurethanes in implantable devices.
A 2.5- to 3.5-Gb/s Adaptive FIR Equalizer With Continuous-Time Wide-Bandwidth Delay Line in 0.25-μm CMOS (2006)

Abstract—This paper presents an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer with continuous-time wide-bandwidth delay line in CMOS 0.25- m process for 2.5-Gb/s to 3.5-Gb/s data communications. To achieve wide bandwidth, fractionally spaced structure is used and an inverter with active-inductor load design is proposed as the delay cell of the tap delay line. Close loop adaptation of the fractionally spaced FIR equalizer is demonstrated using a low-power and area-efficient pulse extraction method as on-chip error detector. Measurement results show that the proposed adaptive equalizer achieves over 75 % horizontal eye opening when the channel loss at the half-data-rate frequency varies from 4 dB to 21 dB at 2.5-Gb/s data rate. At 3.5-Gb/s data rate, the equalizer achieves 68 % horizontal eye opening when the channel loss is about 9.3 dB at the half-data-rate frequency. The adaptive equalizer including the FIR filter and the error detector occupies 0.095 mmP die area and dissipates 95 mW at 2.5-Gb/s data rate from 2.5-V voltage supply. Index Terms—Adaptive equalizers, CMOS analog integrated circuits, continuous time filters, data communication. I.
Kinetic Retardation in the Quaternization of Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) (1963)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation C. B. Arends; Kinetic Retardation in the Quaternization of Poly(4‐Vinylpyridine). J. Chem. Phys. 1 October 1963; 39 (7): 1903–1904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1734557 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Multifunctional Lipoic Acid Conjugates (2009)

Several hundreds of studies published the last decade have reported that alpha-lipoic acid (LA) possess the potential to intervene in various therapeutically interesting pathways. However, it should be noted that LA reportedly exerts most of its effects at high micromolar concentrations; that amides of LA exhibit higher biological activity than the parent compound; and that molecular combinations (hybrids) obtained by coupling LA with an amino-substituted bioactive moiety, possess multifunctional activity. The design and synthesis of hybrid molecules encompassing two pharmacophores in one molecular scaffold is a well established approach to the synthesis of more potent drugs with dual activity. Using this approach, various research groups have recently designed and synthesized hybrid compounds with antioxidant activity hyphenated with a wide variety of other activities such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer activity as well as enzyme inhibition. Moreover, LA represents an ideal chemical entity for the development of biologically interesting functionalized nanoparticles. Many recent publications describe the use of LA: i) as component of nanospheres and nanoprodrugs, ii) as a linker for the attachment of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and oligonucleotides on gold nanoparticles to form Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and iii) as surface ligand for cap exchange reactions to prepare water-soluble semiconducting nanocrystal Quantum Dots (QDs). This review is focused on the growing field of the design and synthesis of LA conjugates, for the development of novel molecules with a dual mode of action and the construction of nanosized antioxidants, Self Assembled Monolayers and Quantum Dots.
Sessile Serrated Adenoma (2008)

Sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) is the proposed precursor for microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinomas and some authorities recommend that SSAs should be managed similar to adenomas. The aim of our study was to determine whether serrated polyps can be classified with sufficient consistency to support current treatment recommendations. One hundred eighty-five serrated polyps were classified as hyperplastic polyp (HP), SSA, or traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) by 5 pathologists blinded to clinical data. The observers documented which histologic features they considered most helpful in reaching their diagnosis in each case. In a second round, the observers were provided with polyp site and size. After reaching a consensus on minimum criteria for SSA and TSA, the pathologists classified another set of 50 polyps. The interobserver concordance was calculated using κ statistics. In the first round, the overall interobserver agreement was moderate (κ=0.55). Concordance for HP and SSA was moderate whereas it was nearly perfect for TSA. In the second round, there was no improvement in the concordance. All observers relied more often on architectural features than on cytologic ones to distinguish SSA from HP and agreement was reached that architectural features should provide the basis for the diagnosis of SSA. Subsequently, interobserver concordance was slightly improved but remained moderate (κ=0.58). Interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of serrated polyps is moderate. However, this level of variability is acceptable because the presence of SSA indicates increased risk of developing additional serrated polyps and carcinoma, and surveillance is appropriate.