gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining neurodegenerative diseases (2002)

Defining neurodegenerative diseases is like defining the continent of Europe: part history, part science, part politics, and to cap it, both could have an effect on health and prosperity.

A big advantage of the term is that it is a concept that patients can relate to from parallels in everyday life. Wearing out in time of certain components—sometimes replaceable, sometimes not—encompasses principles of selective neuronal death as a primary event with age as a major risk factor and good remedies patchy.

Paradoxes abound. Neurodegeneration is a major element and is often the cause of the disability in many diseases not usually classified as degenerative—for example, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, some inborn errors of metabolism, schizophrenia, and even tumours. Conversely, inflammatory processes are activated and vascular compromise occurs in some degenerative diseases. A Napoleonic view could encompass most brain diseases under the rubric of neurodegenerative, but this would lack focus.

Few health authorities run services for neurodegenerative disease as a whole because they can cut across several subspecialties. Core members are the dementias, Parkinson's disease, motor neurone disease, cerebellar degenerations, Huntington's disease, and prion diseases. Subclassification is clearly of importance for …
Delay-Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence-Layer Protocol (2014)

This document describes the protocol for the TCP-based convergence layer for Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN). It is the product of the IRTF's DTN Research Group (DTNRG).
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: A review (2002)

Dementia and its associated diseases are important causes of disability and morbidity in developed countries, especially in the aged population. As the babyboomers arrive at retirement and individuals over 100 are one of the fastest growing segments of our nation's population, we may realize the substantial cost these diseases bring to society. Dementia is characterized by a significant loss of cognitive function and should be clinically distinguished from an acute delirium or decreased arousal. Its manifestations cause anguish to millions of caregivers and family members, who are pressed to cope with their loved one's unfortunate decline in multiple cognitive domains, functioning, and behavior. Early detection and management may prevent overuse of costly medical resources and allow patients and family members time to prepare for future medical, financial, and emotional challenges. Diagnostic clues to the etiology of the patient's dementia can be found in a medical workup in which the neurologic history and examination (including mental status examination) are essential and neuroimaging is indicated. Herein, the concept of central nervous system (CNS) degenerative diseases as disorders of specific proteins is introduced. This review is intended to summarize clinical, biological, and genetic features of the common subtypes of dementia, and bring light to potential benefits of early and accurate diagnoses to optimize treatment. Details of the various diseases remain only partially uncovered, raising extensive prospects for future research and therapy for patients with dementia.
Dynamic tiling display (2012)

Table display surfaces, like Microsoft PixelSense, can display multimedia content to a group of users simultaneously, but it is expensive and lacks mobility. On the contrary, mobile devices are more easily available, but due to limited screen size and resolution, they are not suitable for sharing multimedia data interactively. In this paper we present a "Dynamic Tiling Display", an interactive display surface built from mobile devices. Our framework utilizes the integrated front facing camera of mobile devices to estimate the relative pose of multiple mobile screens arbitrarily placed on a table. Using this framework, users can create a large virtual display where multiple users can explore multimedia data interactively through separate windows (mobile screens). The major technical challenge is the calibration of individual displays, which is solved by visual object recognition using front facing camera inputs.
A New Amino Acid Reagent, 2,4-Dinitro-5-fluoroaniline (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Amino Acid Reagent, 2,4-Dinitro-5-fluoroanilineERNST D. BERGMANN and MICHAEL BENTOVCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 5, 1480–1482Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01064a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01064a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symbolical images of the EAR, GRAIN, RYE and BREAD as the embodiment of the poetic concept of the being of Byelorussians (2010)

The article reveals the attempt of the comparative analysis of symbolical images of an ear, grain, rye and bread in literary texts of Russian authors and texts of the Belarusian bilingual authors in the Russian language. As a result, it has worked out common and different features in comprehension of the given images by representatives of two closely related language cultures.
Design development and experimental validation of an EBG matrix antenna for tracking application (2015)

Today's increase of functions, improvement of performances, and cost reductions required on an agile electronically scanned antenna, drive researchers to develop an innovative antennas’ concept in order to deal with the proposed challenge. In this context, this article describes and demonstrates an experimental prototype to show the reliability and efficiency of the electromagnetic band gap ( EBG ) matrix antenna theoretical aspect, for beam forming and beam steering applications. The originality of this work is the antenna itself which constitutes the subject of an accepted national and international patent. In fact, the proposed antenna is based on the equivalent radiating surface approach and used special EBG antennas called “pixels” to overcome some of the array approach defects. The antenna has demonstrated different electromagnetic behaviors, such as low mutual coupling, high gain preservation for high scanning angles values, etc.
Development and Application of PCR Primers for Monitoring Alkane-Degrading Bacteria in Seawater Microcosm during Crude Oil Degradation Process (2003)

For extensive detection and monitoring of alkane-degrading bacteria, three combinations of PCR primer sets and gene probes were designed based on the homologous regions within a variety of alkane hydroxylase genes (alk genes) registered in the GenBank and examined their availability. PCR using the designed primers amplified DNA fragments with the expected sizes from all the tested bacterial strains used for primer design, and all of the amplified fragments gave positive results by Southern hybridization with the designed probes. The primers amplified DNA fragments with expected sizes from all the 76 wild-type newly isolated strains, while the probes gave positive results against the amplified fragments from 60 strains. Thus, the primer/probe system established in the present study can detect most of the alkane-degrading bacteria, and can be applied to evaluate alkane-degradation potential in the environments.Applying the designed primers, behavior of microbial populations responsible for the degradation of n-alkanes, a major component of crude oil, was monitored in seawater microcosm during the crude oil degradation process to clarify the degradation mechanisms of n-alkanes. It revealed that the alkane-degrading bacteria altered according to the fates of n-alkanes with different carbon chain lengths, so that shorter alkanes were degraded first by alkane-degrading bacteria possessing alk genes of Group I (Group I alkane-degrading bacteria) and longer ones afterwards by Group II alkane-degrading bacteria.
Direct evidence of a zigzag spin-chain structure in the honeycomb lattice: A neutron and x-ray diffraction investigation of single-crystal Na2IrO3 (2012)

We have combined single-crystal neutron and x-ray diffractions to investigate the magnetic and crystal structures of the honeycomb lattice Na${}_{2}$IrO${}_{3}$. The system orders magnetically below $18.1(2)$ K with Ir${}^{4+}$ ions forming zigzag spin chains within the layered honeycomb network with an ordered moment of $0.22(1){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{B}}/\text{Ir}$ site. Such a configuration sharply contrasts with the N\'eel or stripe states proposed in the Kitaev-Heisenberg model. The structure refinement reveals that the Ir atoms form a nearly ideal two-dimensional honeycomb lattice while the IrO${}_{6}$ octahedra experience a trigonal distortion that is critical to the ground state. The results of this study provide much needed experimental insights into the magnetic and crystal structure that are crucial to the understanding of the exotic magnetic order and possible topological characteristics in the $5d$-electron-based honeycomb lattice.
Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. Case report and review of literature concerning teen-agers and adults. (1977)

An adult with angina was found to have anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). Review of the literature regarding this anomaly in teen-agers and adults disclosed only 25 cases diagnosed during life. Eighteen additional cases of ALCAPA in this age group have been diagnosed post mortem. In this report, we will review the management of teen-agers and adults in whom ALCAPA was correctly diagnosed during life. We shall also describe the eighth case of successful aorta-left coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein in this age group. This case brings the total in the literature to 44. Of those patients offered surgical therapy, 13 underwent successful ligation of the anomalous artery. Saphenous vein grafts were employed in 8. Five did not undergo ligation or saphenous vein grafting. There was one death. It would appear that saphenous vein grafting is the definitive means of surgically correcting ALCAPA, because it restores the dual coronary circulation.
Root cause analysis for crystal growth at ArF excimer laser lithography (2004)

We investigated that the root cause of the crystal growth on the reticles at 193nm excimer laser lithography. We confirmed that crystal growth consisted of ammonia sulfate. We investigated the relationship between crystal growth and 3 factors; reticle cleaning condition, exposure environment, and storage environment. We reduced the residual sulfate ion on mask surface by optimizing cleaning condition. On the evaluation of the wafer fab, total exposure energy until crystal growth occurred were increased as residual sulfate ion is reduced by the cleaning condition optimization. In order to evaluate influence of exposure environment, we carried out an irradiation test under mixture of oxygen and nitrogen up to 10kJ/cm2. We did not observe crystal growth up to 10kJ/cm2. We suppose that crystal growth might be prevented by controlling chemical environment. Regarding storage environment, amount of sulfate ion on the mask surface was increased when it was stored in certain kind of box. Out-gas from storage box is one of sulfuric ion source.
Networking lessons in delivering ‘Software as a Service’—Part II (2002)

Abstract In part I of this paper, we described the origins and evolution of Software as a Service (SaaS) and its value proposition to Corporate IT, Service Providers, Independent Software Vendors and End Users. SaaS is a model in which software applications are deployed, managed, updated and supported on demand—like a utility—and are served to users centrally using servers that are internal or external to the enterprise. Applications are no longer installed locally on a user's desktop PC; instead, upgrades, licensing and version control, metering, support and provisioning are all managed at the server level. In part we examine the lessons learned in researching, building and running an SaaS service. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Up-regulation of GLI1 in vincristine-resistant rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma (2020)

These experiments demonstrate that GLI1 up-regulation contributes to VCR resistance in RMS and EWS cell lines and suggest that targeting GLI1 may benefit patients with RMS or EWS by reducing multidrug resistance.
DeepC-MVS: Deep Confidence Prediction for Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction (2020)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have the potential to improve the quality of image-based 3D reconstructions. However, the use of DNNs in the context of 3D reconstruction from large and high-resolution image datasets is still an open challenge, due to memory and computational constraints. We propose a pipeline which takes advantage of DNNs to improve the quality of 3D reconstructions while being able to handle large and high-resolution datasets. In particular, we propose a confidence prediction network explicitly tailored for Multi-View Stereo (MVS) and we use it for both depth map outlier filtering and depth map refinement within our pipeline, in order to improve the quality of the final 3D reconstructions. We train our confidence prediction network on (semi-)dense ground truth depth maps from publicly available real world MVS datasets. With extensive experiments on popular benchmarks, we show that our overall pipeline can produce state-of-the-art 3D reconstructions, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Influence of filler treatment on the behavior of blast furnace slag filled polypropylene compounds (2018)

ABSTRACT Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a byproduct of the blast furnace in iron industry. Due to its composition and structure, BFS is suggested as a promising functional filler that can potentially improve the property profile of polypropylene. To overcome the lack of compatibility between BFS and polypropylene (PP), two coupling agents, vinylethoxysiloxane homopolymer silicon and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, are utilized for treating the BFS surface. The influence of each coupling agent on the BFS–PP compound properties is investigated in this work. It is observed that both coupling agents equally increase the complex shear viscosity and thermal conductivity of the modified BFS compounds by 10% and 12%, respectively, compared to their unmodified counterparts. The degree of crystallinity of the modified compounds also increased by more than 25%. While the tensile stiffness and yield strength levels are found to be comparable for all compounds, the strain at break of some modified BFS compounds is doubled. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46535.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Transcription Factor NFATc2 Controls the Emergence of Colon Cancer Associated with IL-6–Dependent Colitis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 547K, DSS Colitis&lt;/p&gt;
Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis Is Dependent on Induced Alternatively Spliced CAT-2 Encoding L-Arginine Transport in Brain Astrocytes (1996)

The inducible isoform II of nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) was recently cloned from brain and identified in astroglial cells. Induced nitric oxide biosynthesis occurs in brain cells only if extracellular cerebrospinal fluid contains -arginine. This study demonstrates for the first time that induced iNOS activity is strictly dependent on concomitant induction of an alternatively spliced transcript of the cat-2 gene encoding high affinity -arginine transporter System y+ in cultured rat astrocytes. Inhibition profiles of radiolabeled -arginine and -leucine uptake identified the dominance of Na+-independent transport System y+ serving cationic amino acids, with insignificant activities of Systems y+L, bo,+, or Bo,+. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/sequencing/cloning strategy was used to identify a single 123-base nucleotide sequence coding the high affinity domain of alternatively spliced CAT-2 (not CAT-2a) in astrocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma. Using this sequence as a cDNA probe, it was determined that CAT-2 mRNA, iNOS mRNA, and System y+ activity were concomitantly and strongly induced in astrocytes. Constitutive CAT-1 mRNA was weakly present in neurons and astrocytes, was not inducible in either cell type, and contributed <3% to total System y+ activity. Although astroglial iNOS Km approximately 10 microM L-arginine for intracellular substrate, hyperbolic kinetics of inducible iNOS activity measured as a function of extracellular L-arginine concentration gave Km approximately 50 microM L-arginine with intact cells. The same Km approximately 50 microM was obtained for induced membrane transport System y+ activity. iNOS activity was reduced to zero in the absence of extracellular L-arginine uptake via System y+. These findings expand the current understanding of NO biosynthesis modulation and implicate a coordinated regulation of intracellular iNOS enzyme activity with membrane L-arginine transport in brain.
Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I (2011)

No drug treatment for SMA type I has been proven to have significant efficacy.
Sterically and Polarity‐Controlled Reactions of tBuLi with PCH‐NR Heterocycles: Novel Heterocyclic P‐ and P,O‐Ligands and Preliminary Tests in Transition‐Metal Catalysis (2008)

(1R)-1,3-Benzazaphospholes 1 a-c, P=CH-NR heterocycles of the indole type, react with tBuLi in two ways, depending on the steric demand of the N-substituent and the polarity of the medium. The presence of small N-alkyl groups induces CH-deprotonation in the 2-position to give hetaryllithium reagents 2 a and 2 b, whereas bulky N-substituents and nonpolar solvents change the reactivity towards addition at the P=C bond. The preferred regioselectivity is tert-butylation at phosphorus, occurring with excellent diastereoselectivity for trans-adducts 3 b and 3 c, but the inverse tert-butylation at C2 to 5 b was also observed. N-Neopentyl groups, with intermediate steric demand, give rise to formation of mixtures in ethers but allow switching either to selective CH lithiation in THF/KOtBu or to addition in pentane. Bulkier N-adamantyl groups always cause preferred addition. Protonation, silylation, and carboxylation were used to convert the P=CLi-NR, (E)-tBuP-CHLi-NR, and LiP-CH(tBu)-NR species into the corresponding sigma(2)-P or sigma(3)-P compounds 4 b and 6 a,b, 7 b,c, or 8 b-10 b with additional N and/or O donor sites. Slow diffusion-controlled air oxidation of 10 b led to the meso-diphosphine 11 b. Preferred eta(1)-P coordination was shown for an [Rh(cod)Cl] complex 12 b, and the potential of the new ligands 4 b and 7 b in catalysis was demonstrated by examples of Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling and Ni-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization (TON>6300). Crystal structures of 6 b, 11 b, and 12 b are presented.
Abrogation of Notch Signaling in Embryonic TECs Impacts Postnatal mTEC Homeostasis and Thymic Involution (2022)

Notch signaling is crucial for fate specification and maturation of thymus-seeding progenitors along the T-cell lineage. Recent studies have extended the role of Notch signaling to thymic epithelial cells (TECs), showing that Notch regulates TEC progenitor maintenance and emergence of medullary TECs (mTECs) in fetal thymopoiesis. Based on immunohistochemistry studies of spatiotemporal regulation of Notch activation in the postnatal thymus, we show that <i>in vivo</i> Notch activation is not confined to fetal TECs. Rather, Notch signaling, likely mediated through the Notch1 receptor, is induced in postnatal cortical and medullary TECs, and increases significantly with age in the latter, in both humans and mice, suggesting a conserved role for Notch signaling in TEC homeostasis during thymus aging. To investigate the functional impact of Notch activation in postnatal TEC biology, we used a mouse model in which RPBJκ, the transcriptional effector of canonical Notch signaling, is deleted in epithelial cells, including TECs, under the control of the transcription factor Foxn1. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses revealed no significant differences in TEC composition in mutant (RPBJκ-KO<sup>TEC</sup>) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice at early postnatal ages. However, a significant reduction of the medullary region was observed in mutant compared to WT older thymi, which was accompanied by an accelerated decrease of postnatal mTEC numbers. Also, we found that organization and integrity of the postnatal thymic medulla critically depends on activation of the canonical Notch signaling pathway, as abrogation of Notch signaling in TECs led to the disruption of the medullary thymic microenvironment and to an accelerated thymus atrophy. These features paralleled a significant increase in the proportion of intrathymic non-T lineage cells, mostly B cells, and a slight decrease of DP thymocyte numbers compatible with a compromised thymic function in mutant mice. Therefore, impaired Notch signaling induced in embryonic development impacts postnatal TECs and leads to an accelerated mTEC degeneration and a premature thymus involution. Collectively, our data have uncovered a new role for Notch1 signaling in the control of adult mTEC homeostasis, and point toward Notch signaling manipulation as a novel strategy for thymus regeneration and functional recovery from immunosenescence.