gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Coupled Flexural-Torsional Vibrations of Rotating Beams (2018)

In this paper, the flexural-torsional vibrations of a segmented cantilever beam are considered both theoretically and experimentally under steady-state base rotation. While operating in this steady-state, a piezoelectric actuator is used to excite the beam at various test frequencies. Further, through preliminary investigations, it is demonstrated that accelerometer measurements are not suitable for such a testing apparatus, as these sensors add complex unmodeled dynamics and change the natural frequencies of vibration. The resulting unmodeled dynamics appear to be caused by a large initial deflection due to the added sensor mass, contradicting the conventional assumption that the beam is initially undeformed. This initial bending results in a Coriolis acceleration, and consequently produces a substantial deviation from the anticipated tip response. To further investigate the effect of base rotation on flexural vibrations, experiments were performed in the absence of piezoelectric excitation, both with and without the tip mass. For these conditions, the theory uniformly predicts no flexural or torsional vibrations, while the experimental results demonstrate significant vibrations in both cases. These discrepancies illuminate the presence of significant unmodeled dynamics that are neglected in the conventional mathematical modeling, potentially invalidating the classical simplifications when considering rotating beams.
Evaluation of operational environmental performance: an engineering-based approach (2009)

The corporate sector is increasingly required to understand and manage the environmental consequences of their activities by the use of Environmental Management Systems (EMSs). A diverse range of EMSs have been proposed in the literature. These methods have been reviewed and assessed in this paper according to their suitability for evaluation of operational environmental performance. Existing methods present limitations in accommodating changes in environmental performance, and do not incorporate fundamental process analysis to assess how the actual performance varies from what is theoretically achievable. A novel engineering-based risk evaluation framework is proposed to overcome some of the identified issues.
Dispersant Effectiveness: Studies into the Causes of Effectiveness Variations (1995)

Effectiveness, a key issue of using dispersants, is affected by many interrelated factors. The principal factors involved are the oil composition, dispersant formulation, sea surface turbulence and dispersant quantity. Oil composition is a very strong determinant. Current dispersant formulation effectiveness correlates strongly with the amount of saturate component in the oil. The other components of the oil, the asphaltenes, resins or polars and aromatic fractions show a negative correlation with the dispersant effectiveness. Viscosity is also a predictor of dispersant effectiveness and may have an effect because it is in turn determined by oil composition. Dispersant composition is significant and interacts with oil composition. Dispersants show high effectiveness at HLB values near 10. Sea turbulence strongly affects dispersant effectiveness. Effectiveness rises with increasing turbulence to a maximum value. Effectiveness for current commercial dispersants is gaussian around a peak salinity value. Peak effectiveness is achieved at very high dispersant quantities - at a ratio of 1:5, dispersant-to-oil volume. Dispersant effectiveness for those oils tested and under the conditions measured, is approximately logarithmic with dispersant quantity and will reach about 50% of its peak value at a dispersant to oil ratio of about 1:20 and near zero at a ratio of about 1:50.
Corrosion Behavior of Lightweight MgO in High Basicity Tundish Slag (2021)

Demand for energy saving in steelmaking process, lightweight refractories have attracted great attentions for the excellent thermal insulation. Herein, the corrosion behavior of the lightweight magnesia in the high basicity tundish slag is explored, and compared with that of fused magnesia. The results show that the impurities in the fused magnesia cause more dissolution of magnesia into slag after 60 min. Different from fused magnesia, the penetration layer is found in the lightweight magnesia, where the intercrystalline CaZrO 3 –ZrO 2 phases are dissolved by the slag. The micropores in the lightweight magnesia provide passages for slag infiltration, but also accelerate the supersaturation of slag in refractory and impede the mass transfer. Furthermore, the residual CaZrO 3 –ZrO 2 phases in transition layer hinder the further slag infiltration. After 60 min holding, the MgO content in molten slag contacted with lightweight magnesia is lower, implying that the lightweight magnesia is the promising refractory for tundish lining.
Advantages of an Orychophragmus violaceus-maize rotation in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen losses and increasing net ecosystem economic benefits on the North China Plain (2021)

Introducing cover crops into crop rotation systems is widely practiced to enhance the sustainability of agricultural production, but comprehensive evaluations of farmlands in cover crop-maize rotations on the North China Plain (NCP) from environmental, economic and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) perspectives have rarely been performed. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to compare economic benefits (EB), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses, soil nutrient cycling values (SNV) and NEEB in three farming systems. The farming systems included a conventional wheat-maize (WM) rotation system, a government-promoted monoculture maize (MM) system and an innovative Orychophragmus violaceus (O. violaceus)-maize (OvM) rotation system. The OvM rotation system achieved more EBs from the maize season but lower annual profits than the WM system, with 68.29% lower GHG emissions and 39.33% lower Nr losses. In addition, the highest SNV was achieved in the OvM rotation system, which was 700.18% and 116.97% higher than those in the WM and MM systems, respectively. Furthermore, the NEEB of the OvM rotation system was 61.92% and 29.31% higher than those of the WM and MM systems, respectively. In conclusion, the OvM rotation is recommended as a sustainable and cleaner maize production farming system for the NCP and other regions with similar ecological conditions because it led to lower annual GHG emissions and Nr losses, as well as higher SNV and NEEB than the other farming systems.
<title>Advanced software system for yield improvement on manufacturing fab</title> (1996)

How can we optimize the data collection and data processing to provide us with the most significant information to drive the yield enhancement in a fast and efficient way? With the aim of facing this question this paper describes a software- system which is a part of the global yield enhancement strategy at our factory. The software developed correlates data gathered both in-line and at the end of the fabrication process. The description of the system is accompanied with descriptions of historical cases trying to show the capabilities of the type of correlation. The paper also discusses the natural expansion of the software-system to convert it into a more 'knowledge-based' tool.
COMBINED PERCUTANEOUS RETROGRADE AORTIC AND TRANSSEPTAL LEFT HEART CATHETERIZATION (1964)

Left heart catheterization in man has assumed increasing importance with the rapid advances in cardiac surgery for lesions of the left side of the heart. Zimmerman, Scott, and Becker (1950) were the first to perform left ventricular catheterization, passing a catheter in retrograde fashion from aorta to left ventricle. Subsequently the transbronchial (Facquet et al., 1952; Allison and Linden, 1953), transthoracic (Bjork, Malmstrom, and Uggla, 1953), suprasternal (Radner, 1954), and direct ventricular puncture (Brock, Milstein, and Ross, 1956) techniques have been used widely; but each has certain disadvantages (Morrow, Braunwald, and Ross, 1960). Ross (1959) and Cope (1959) almost simultaneously described the transseptal technique of left heart catheterization. Cope (1959) was the first to apply this technique in man. Ross, Braunwald, and Morrow (1960) have described the original transseptal technique in detail. Subsequently the improved and modified transseptal technique of Brockenbrough, Braunwald, and Ross (1962) has been described and has gained wide acceptance. This report describes our experience in combining this improved trans- septal technique with the retrograde technique of left ventricular catheterization. This represents a combination of the newest and oldest methods of left heart catheterization, a combination that permits a complete assessment of both stenosis and regurgitation at aortic and mitral valves, in- cluding hemodynamic, angiographic, and dye dilution studies, and overcomes some of the limita- tions encountered using either technique alone. Right heart catheterization may be combined easily with this procedure. One of the distinct advantages is the fact that both the transseptal and retrograde catheters can be introduced percutaneously from the right groin. McIntosh et al. (1961) have previously reported the combination of retrograde left ventricular catheterization with the original Ross technique of transseptal left atrial catheterization for the assessment of mitral valve disease. The combination of techniques described here is particularly suited for the assessment of lesions obstructing left ventricular outflow, as well as for the assessment of mitral valve disease.
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on α5 integrin binding peptide hydrogels is dependent on substrate elasticity (2013)

The extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in controlling human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) biology including differentiation, and α5β1 integrin signaling plays an important role during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Here, peptide-functionalized hydrogels were used to examine the role of α5β1 integrin signaling in inducing osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs. Further, the role of substrate elasticity was also studied. A thiolene chemistry was used to functionalize poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with a pendant peptide moieity, c(RRETAWA), as previous studies have shown that RRETAWA containing peptides bind to the α5β1 integrin with very high specificity. Notably, hMSC attachment to c(RRETAWA)-functionalized hydrogels was found to occur primarily through α5 integrins, as the number of attached cells was significantly reduced to ~20% upon blocking the α5 integrin during culture. To investigate the interplay between stiffness and c(RRETAWA) concentration, hydrogels were formulated with Young's moduli of ~2 kPa (soft) and ~25 kPa (stiff) and c(RRETAWA) concentrations of 0.1 mM and 1 mM. Stiff substrates led to ~3.5 fold higher hMSC attachment and ~3 fold higher cell area in comparison to soft substrates. hMSCs formed robust and larger focal adhesions on stiff substrates at 1 mM c(RRETAWA) compared to soft substrates. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in hMSCs cultured on stiff gels at 0.1 mM and 1 mM c(RRETAWA) was increased 2.5 and 3.5 fold, respectively after 14 days in growth media. hMSCs did not show an increase in ALP activity when cultured on soft gels. Further, gene expression of osteogenic related genes, core binding factor-1, osteopontin and Collagen-1a at day 14 in hMSCs cultured on stiff gels at 1 mM c(RRETAWA) were increased 10, 7 and 4 fold, respectively, while on soft gels, gene expression was at basal levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the combination of high substrate stiffness and α5β1 integrin signaling stimulated by c(RRETAWA) is sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs without requiring the addition of soluble factors.
Implementation of a multiplexed structured illumination method to achieve snapshot multispectral imaging (2017)

An instantaneous multispectral imaging setup based on frequency recognition algorithm for multiple exposures (FRAME) is presented and demonstrated experimentally. With this implementation of FRAME, each light source is uniquely encoded with a spatial modulation and the corresponding fluorescent responses pertaining to each maintain the same unique encoding. This allows the extraction of each source response from a single captured image by filtering in the Fourier domain. As a result, a multispectral imaging system based on FRAME can perform all the illumination and corresponding fluorescence detection simultaneously, where the latter is recorded in a single exposure and on a single detector and is thus capable of recording true 'snapshot' multispectral images. The results presented here demonstrate that the technique is capable of distinguishing source responses for well separated and co-localized fluorophores as well as providing z-sectioning capabilities. This implementation of FRAME demonstrates its viability as a tool for multispectral imaging of dynamic samples. Additionally, since all the spectral images are captured simultaneously, the method has potential for studying samples prone to photobleaching. Finally, this application of FRAME makes it possible to discriminate between signals due to infinitely spectrally close sources which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has not been possible in snapshot multispectral imaging schemes before.
Sequence and Mutational Analysis of the CommonnodBCIJ Region ofRhizobiumsp. (Oxytropis arctobia)Strain N33, a Nitrogen-Fixing Microsymbiont of Both Arctic and Temperate Legumes (1996)

By heterologous hybridization, we have identified the common nodulation genes nodBCIJ of Rhizobium sp. strain N33 within a 8.2-kb PstI fragment. The nodBCIJ genes are located within a 4,620-bp region which also included a consensus nod box promoter. The four open reading frames coding for the nodBCIJ genes contain 657, 1,353, 915, and 789 nucleotides, respectively. We found that the nodA gene was not adjacent to the nodB gene, unlike the situation in many rhizobia. The DNA of the nodBCIJ genes of Rhizobium sp. strain N33 were found to be homologous to the corresponding genes of other rhizobia except for the 3'-coding region of the nodC gene. The deduced NodC protein was the longest of the rhizobia except Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Tn5 mutagenesis of the common nod region of strain N33 revealed that the nodBC genes were essential for nodulation on their temperate hosts Onobrychis viciifolia and Astragalus cicer. By contrast, mutations in the nodI and nodJ genes produced a Nod+ phenotype with a reduced number of nodules on the temperate hosts. Nodules formed on Onobrychis viciifolia by either nodI or nodJ mutants were approximately 10 times smaller than nodules formed by the wild type strain: this reduction in nodule size was not observed on Astragalus cicer.
Silk fibroin/poly (vinyl alcohol) blend scaffolds for controlled delivery of curcumin (2015)

A silk fibroin/poly (vinyl alcohol) porous scaffold with a water vapor transmission rate of 2125 ± 464 g/m(2)/day has been developed via thermally induced phase separation (gelation) and freeze-drying process. A hierarchical architecture of micropores and nanofibers was observed inside the scaffolds, and the related structures were analyzed. The viability and proliferation of 3T3 fibroblasts were examined, which indicated that the scaffolds exerted low cytotoxicity. After loading curcumin, the scaffolds can suppress the growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. The release behavior of curcumin from the scaffolds was investigated. At pH = 7.2, the release profiles showed no significant difference for the loading amounts of 0.5 mg and 0.25 mg per sample. Meanwhile, the cumulative amount of released drug at pH = 5.7 was significantly more than that in neutral solution due to more degradation of the scaffolds. It was suggested that the silk fibroin/poly (vinyl alcohol) blend scaffolds could be potentially used as wound dressing materials.
Apoptosis induced by a HIPK2 full-length-specific siRNA is due to off-target effects rather than prevalence of HIPK2-Δe8 isoform (2015)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used to study gene function and extensively exploited for their potential therapeutic applications. HIPK2 is an evolutionary conserved kinase that binds and phosphorylates several proteins directly or indirectly related to apoptosis. Recently, an alternatively spliced isoform skipping 81 nucleotides of exon 8 (Hipk2-Δe8) has been described. Selective depletion of Hipk2 full-length (Hipk2-FL) with a specific siRNA that spares the Hipk2-Δe8 isoform has been shown to strongly induce apoptosis, suggesting an unpredicted dominant-negative effect of Hipk2-FL over the Δe8 isoform. From this observation, we sought to take advantage and assessed the therapeutic potential of generating Hipk2 isoform unbalance in tumor-initiating cells derived from colorectal cancer patients. Strong reduction of cell viability was induced in vitro and in vivo by the originally described exon 8-specific siRNA, supporting a potential therapeutic application. However, validation analyses performed with additional exon8-specific siRNAs with different stabilities showed that all exon8-targeting siRNAs can induce comparable Hipk2 isoform unbalance but only the originally reported e8-siRNA promotes cell death. These data show that loss of viability does not depend on the prevalence of Hipk2-Δe8 isoform but it is rather due to microRNA-like off-target effects.
Self-assembly of nanocrystals into strongly electronically coupled all-inorganic supercrystals (2022)

Colloidal nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors, and other functional materials can self-assemble into long-range ordered crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, but insulating organic surface ligands prevent the development of collective electronic states in ordered nanocrystal assemblies. We reversibly self-assembled colloidal nanocrystals of gold, platinum, nickel, lead sulfide, and lead selenide with conductive inorganic ligands into supercrystals exhibiting optical and electronic properties consistent with strong electronic coupling between the constituent nanocrystals. The phase behavior of charge-stabilized nanocrystals can be rationalized and navigated with phase diagrams computed for particles interacting through short-range attractive potentials. By finely tuning interparticle interactions, the assembly was directed either through one-step nucleation or nonclassical two-step nucleation pathways. In the latter case, the nucleation was preceded by the formation of two metastable colloidal fluids.
Modelling Flexible Manipulators With Motors at the Joints (2002)

A computationally efficient recursive model of a flexible manipulator with motors at the joints is described in this paper. The model adopts a mixed Eulerian and Lagrangian formulation of the equations of a flexible body and exploits the chained structure of the equations for a serial manipulator. The dynamic effects of the motors at the joints, including gyroscopic terms, are fully taken into account. Symbolic manipulation is used&#13;\nin a newly developed package, whose performance in detailed reproduction of the dynamic effects due to the interplay between the motors and the flexible links is assessed through simulation. A comparison between the complete model and a simplified one, where the motors are considered as simple inertias rotating around their own axis, has been carried out, using both a time domain analysis and a frequency domain analysis, in order to show the relevance of gyroscopic effects in modelling flexible robots.
Identification of small-molecule inducers of pancreatic β-cell expansion (2009)

To identify small molecules that can induce beta-cell replication, a large chemical library was screened for proliferation of growth-arrested, reversibly immortalized mouse beta cells by using an automated high-throughput screening platform. A number of structurally diverse, active compounds were identified, including phorbol esters, which likely act through protein kinase C, and a group of thiophene-pyrimidines that stimulate beta-cell proliferation by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. A group of dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives was also shown to reversibly induce beta-cell replication in vitro by activating L-type calcium channels (LTCCs). Our data suggest that the LTCC agonist 2a affects the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. Furthermore, treatment of beta cells with both LTCC agonist 2a and the Glp-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 showed an additive effect on beta-cell replication. The identification of small molecules that induce beta-cell proliferation suggests that it may be possible to reversibly expand other quiescent cells to overcome deficits associated with degenerative and/or autoimmune diseases.
Orthotopic forelimb allotransplantation in the rat model (2015)

In this report, we present a rat orthotopic forelimb allotransplantation model. Eight forelimbs were transplanted from Brown Norway rats to Lewis rats. Axillary vessels of transplant were used as the vascular pedicles, which were anastomosed to the external jugular vein and common carotid artery of the recipient rat. The ulnar, radial, and median nerves were also repaired. Among rats, a tapered dose of cyclosporine was administered in five rats. In other three rats, no immunosuppressive therapy was given. The viability and signs of rejection of transplanted forelimbs, sensation recovery, bone healing, and histology were assessed up to the 90<sup>th</sup> postoperative day. All of rats but one survived surgery. All of transplanted forelimbs survived. In the rats treated with cyclosporine the transplanted forelimbs achieved long-term survival with motion and sensation recovery. On 90<sup>th</sup> day after surgery, bone healing was achieved. There was no sign of rejection in histology. In the rats without cyclosporine treatment, the transplanted forelimbs experienced tissue necrosis started from day 12 postoperatively. This experimental study showed the feasibility of orthotopic forelimb allotransplantation in the rat model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:672-675, 2016.
Principles and characteristics of an ultralightweight electromagnetic resonance coupling machine with a cage rotor (2017)

To produce an ultralightweight machine for electric aircrafts, we propose a machine in which electrical energy is converted between the stator and the rotor via magnetic resonance coupling (MRC). This action causes electromagnetic resonance between the multiphase windings of the stator and the cage bars of the rotor. Electromagnetic resonance coupling technology allows electrical machines to convert energy without a magnetic core, thereby allowing the production of ultralightweight machines. In this study, we propose a machine with a cage rotor based on MRC, and we describe its operating principles and characteristics induced by MRC. A model of the proposed cage-type MRC motor is subjected to magnetic analysis to assess its rotational energy conversion in a rotating machine and to understand its essential characteristics. Our results confirm that the proposed cage-type MRC motor without a magnetic core can convert electromagnetic energy between the stator and the rotor and produce sufficient operating torque. This motor operates with a slip-torque curve similar to that of an induction motor, and its torque increases with resonant frequency.