gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid Metabolism in Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans (1969)

The lipid composition of the chemoautotroph Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans has been examined. Fatty acids represent 2% of the dry weight of the cells and 86% of the total are extractable with organic solvents. About 25% of the total fatty acids are associated with diacyl phospholipids. Polar carotenoids, the benzoquinone coenzyme Q-8, and most of the fatty acids are present in the neutral lipids. The phospholipids have been identified as phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine (42%), phosphatidyl glycerol (23%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (20%), cardiolipin (13%), phosphatidyl choline (1.5%), and phosphatidyl dimethylethanolamine (1%) by chromatography of the diacyl lipids, by chromatography in four systems of the glycerol phosphate esters derived from the lipids by mild alkaline methanolysis, and by chromatographic identification of the products of acid hydrolysis of the esters. No trace of phosphatidylserine (PS), glycerolphosphorylserine, or serine could be detected in the lipid extract or in derivatives of that extract. This casts some doubt on the postulated involvement of PS in iron metabolism. After growth in the presence of (14)C and (32)P, there was essentially no difference in the turnover of either isotope in the glycerolphosphate ester derived from each lipid in cells grown at pH 1.5 or 3.5.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Structure, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Ba4Ru2FeO10 and Ba4Ru2CoO10. (2013)

Abstract Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO 3 , RuO 2 , and Fe 2 O 3 or Co 3 O 4 (alumina crucible, 1300 °C, 60 h).
UWB Channel Measurements and Results for Office and Industrial Environments (2006)

This paper presents the results of ultra wide band (UWB) channel measurements carried out at the campus of Delft University of Technology. The measurements were conducted in an indoor office and industrial environment using a time domain setup which allows measurements from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Results on large scale path-loss exponent, shadowing, small scale fading and rms delay spread (RDS) for indoor office and industrial area propagation are presented
Testing of a Liquid Nitrogen Cooled 5-meter, 3000 A Tri-Axial High Temperature Superconducting Cable System (2006)

The tri‐axial HTS cable design uses three concentric superconducting layers for the phase conductors separated by a cold dielectric material. It offers an efficient HTS cable configuration by reducing the amount of superconductor needed, and placing all three phases in a single cryostat. Ultera and ORNL tested a 5‐meter long tri‐axial HTS cable and terminations designed to operate at 3 kA ac and 13.2 kV. Test results, including the thermal loads on the system, will be reported. An existing liquid nitrogen skid that circulates subcooled liquid nitrogen through the cable was initially designed for the heat loads on single phase cables at lower current ratings. The refrigeration needed for the 3 kA tri‐axial cable configuration made it necessary to upgrade the nitrogen system to increase the cooling capacity. A description of the upgrades and performance of the system is provided.
Differentially Private Mechanisms for Count Queries (2020)

In this paper, we consider the problem of responding to a count query (or any other integer-valued queries) evaluated on a dataset containing sensitive attributes. To protect the privacy of individuals in the dataset, a standard practice is to add continuous noise to the true count. We design a differentially-private mechanism which adds integer-valued noise allowing the released output to remain integer. As a trade-off between utility and privacy, we derive privacy parameters $\eps$ and $δ$ in terms of the the probability of releasing an erroneous count under the assumption that the true count is no smaller than half the support size of the noise. We then numerically demonstrate that our mechanism provides higher privacy guarantee compared to the discrete Gaussian mechanism that is recently proposed in the literature.
Multi-functional interconnect co-optimization for fast and reliable 3D stacked ICs (2009)

Heat removal and power delivery have become two major reliability concerns in 3D stacked IC technology. For thermal problem, two possible solutions exist: thermal-through-silicon-vias (T-TSVs) and micro-fluidic channel (MFC) based liquid cooling. In case of power delivery, a highly complex power distribution network is required to deliver currents reliably to all parts of the 3D stacked IC while suppressing the power supply noise to an acceptable level. However, these thermal and power networks pose major challenges in signal routability and congestion. This is because the signal, power, and thermal interconnects are all competing for routing space. In this paper, we present a co-optimization methodology for the signal, power, and thermal interconnects for 3D stacked ICs based on design of experiments (DOE) and response surface method (RSM). The goal is to improve performance, thermal, noise, and congestion metrics with our holistic approach. We also provide in-depth comparison between T-TSV and MFC based cooling method and discuss how to employ DOE and RSM to best co-optimize the multi-functional interconnects simultaneously.
Application of Geographically Weighted Regression to Improve Grain Yield Prediction from Unmanned Aerial System Imagery (2017)

Phenological data are important ratings of the in‐season growth of crops, though this assessment is generally limited at both spatial and temporal levels during the crop cycle for large breeding nurseries. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have the potential to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for phenotyping tens of thousands of small field plots without requiring substantial investments in time, cost, and labor. The objective of this research was to determine whether an accurate remote sensing‐based method could be developed to estimate grain yield using aerial imagery in small‐plot wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield evaluation trials. The UAS consisted of a modified consumer‐grade camera mounted on a low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicle and was deployed multiple times throughout the growing season in yield trials of advanced breeding lines with irrigated and drought‐stressed environments at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. We assessed data quality and evaluated the potential to predict grain yield on a plot level by examining the relationships between information derived from UAS imagery and the grain yield. Using geographically weighted (GW) models, we predicted grain yield for both environments. The relationship between measured phenotypic traits derived from imagery and grain yield was highly correlated ( r = 0.74 and r = 0.46 [ p &lt; 0.001] for drought and irrigated environments, respectively). Residuals from GW models were lower and less spatially dependent than methods using principal component regression, suggesting the superiority of spatially corrected models. These results show that vegetation indices collected from high‐throughput UAS imagery can be used to predict grain and for selection decisions, as well as to enhance genomic selection models.
Investigating solvent effects on the magnetic properties of molybdate ions (MoO42-) with relativistic embedding (2020)

We investigate the ability of mechanical and electronic density functional theory‐based embedding approaches to describe the solvent effects on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shielding constants of the <sup>95</sup>Mo nucleus in the molybdate ion in aqueous solution. From the description obtained from calculations with two‐ and four‐component relativistic Hamiltonians, we find that, for such systems, spin‐orbit coupling effects are clearly important for absolute shielding values, but for relative quantities, a scalar relativistic treatment provides sufficient estimation of the solvent effects. We find that the electronic contributions to the solvent effects are relatively modest yet decisive to provide a more accurate magnetic response of the system when compared to reference supermolecular calculations. We analyze the errors in the embedding calculations by statistical methods, as well as through a real‐space representation of NMR shielding densities, which are shown to provide a clear picture of the physical processes at play.
New fluorescent tracers for use in geothermal reservoirs (1997)

A family of fluorescent compounds, the polycyclic aromatic sulfonates, was evaluated for application in intermediate- and high-temperature geothermal reservoirs. Among the two-, three-, and four-ringed aromatic sulfonates that we investigated, only the naphthalene sulfonates were found to possess the desired qualities of thermal stability, delectability, and affordability. The unsubstituted naphthalene sulfonates were found to possess excellent thermal stability, qualifying them for use in geothermal reservoirs exceeding 300{degrees}C. The amino-substituted naphthalene sulfonates were found to be somewhat less thermally stable, but much more detectable and much more affordable.
Determination of Material Characteristics for Optimizing WLAN Radio (2007)

The experiment described in the following paper was performed to investigate RF propagation through different common building materials over a wide band of frequencies. The characterization is based on transmission power measurement. Results for the complex dielectric constant of each material over a frequency range of 2 to 16 GHz are presented. An internal multireflection model is used to compare experimental and theoretical transmission coefficients. A propagation loss model is developed using the attenuation induced by various walls. Finally, this path loss model is used to estimate coverage prediction of an indoor WLAN network at different frequencies.
Intra-articular Damage and Patient Outcome Comparison Between Athletes and Nonathletes After Hip Arthroscopy (2022)

At the time of hip arthroscopy, athletes demonstrate similar intra-articular damage to their nonathlete counterparts. Given their higher preoperative scores, it is possible that athletes better tolerate the damage to the hip joint. Despite their strenuous activities and potentially higher tolerance to pain, athletes should not necessarily be expected to have greater severity of intra-articular pathology.
Nonlinear Roll Motion of a Flooded Ship in Regular Waves (1997)

This paper describes dynamic effects of flooded water on nonlinear roll motion of a ship in regular beam waves. Experiments using a ferry model demonstrate nonlinear roll response of a flooded ship in waves. It is found that two kinds of roll motion with different amplitudes and periods coexist and that one of them is particularly irregular and complicated even in regular waves of relatively moderate amplitude. The reconstructed attractor of the roll motion in a delay-coordinate state space shows that it is not simple harmonic motion. In order to further study this complicated roll motion, we derived model equations which include both the nonlinear effects of the restoring moment and the coupling effects of roll and flooded water. The dynamic motion of flooded water produces the coupling effects which have been neglected in most previous works. Numerical solutions of the model equations show that this coupled system yields nonlinear phenomena similar to the experimental results. In addition, we also experimentally studied motion of a box-shaped model with flooded water in regular waves. The experimental results show that the roll response varies with changing the wave height in a complicated manner which also depends on the amount of flooded water, and that some of complicated roll motion have typical properties of low-dimensional deterministic chaos. These results suggest that the nonlinearly coupled dynamics of a ship and flooded water is a key to solve this problem.
The chemistry of fungi. Part 76. The synthesis and transformations of three stereoisomeric 2-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-3-methoxycarbonyl-7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptanes (1980)

Condensation of 1-lithio-2,6-dimethoxybenzene with the anhydride (10) of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2β,3β-dicarboxylic acid and subsequent esterification of the product gave 2β-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-3β-methoxycarbonyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (8; R1= H, R2= Me). The isomeric 2α-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-3amethoxycarbonyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (11; R = Me) was prepared similarly using the anhydride (9) from 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2α,3α-dicarboxylic acid. Epimerisation of (11; R = Me) or of (8; R1 H, R2= Me) gave 2α-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-3β-methoxycarbonyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (12).Treatment with boron trichloride of (11; R = Me) gave 1 α-chloro-4β-hydroxy-2α-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoyl)-3α-methoxycarbonylcyclohexane (13; R = H) and 1,7α-dihydroxy-8β-methoxycarbonyl-5aα,5,6,7,8,8aα-hexahydroxanthone (23; R = H); similarly (8; R1= H, R2= Me) gave 4β-hydroxy-2β-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoyl)cyclohexane-1β,3β-carbolactone (24; R = H) and 1,7α-dihydroxy-8α-methoxycarbonyl-5aα,5,6,7,8,8aβ-hexahydroxanthone (25; R = H). The third isomer (12) formed 4α-chloro-1β-hydroxy-2α-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoyl)-3β-methoxycarbonylcyclohexane (31; R = H) together with 1,7α-dihydroxy-8αmethoxycarbonyl-5aα,5,6,7,8,8aα-hexahydroxanthone (32; R = H).Hydrogenolysis of (1; R1= R2= Me) or treatment of (11; R = Me) with acid yielded 2-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-4β-hydroxy-3α-methoxycarbonylcyclohexene (15; R = H); the corresponding acetate (15; R = Ac) was hydroxylated to form 4β-acetoxy-2α-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1β,2β-dihydroxy-3α-methoxycarbonylcyclohexane (18) as the major product. The stereoisomeric cyclohexene (34; R = H) was similarly obtained.Bromination of the ketone (11; R = Me) gave the α-bromjketone (33) : similarly the α-bromoketone (8; R1= Br, R2= Me) was obtained from (8; R1= H, R2= Me) and (12). Dehydrobromination of each of these bromoketones formed 2-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-3-methoxycarbonyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (1; R1= R2= Me).Various further transformations of these products are described.
Synthesis of spiro[2H‐indole‐2,1′‐1H‐isoindole]‐3,3′‐diones, spiro[1H‐isobenzofuran‐1,2′‐2H‐indole]‐3,3′‐diones and spiro[benzofuran‐2,1′‐isobenzofuran]‐3,3′‐diones via transannular reactions of eight membered ring intermediates (1998)

Abstract An auto oxidation‐rearrangement product 4 was isolated from a high dilution reaction of ninhydrin with 3,4,5‐trimethoxyaniline in water. A general synthesis of this compound and its derivatives 4–6 was devised by oxidation of tetrahydroindeno[1,2‐ b ]indol‐10‐ones 1–3 with sodium periodate to give isoindolo[2,1‐ a ]‐indole‐6,11‐diones 4–6 in good yield. Compounds 4–6 can be easily transformed into spiro[1 H ‐isobenzofuran‐1,2′‐2 H ‐indole]‐3,3′‐diones 8–10 , spiro[2 H ‐indole‐2,1′‐1 H ‐isoindole]‐3,3′‐diones 11–13 and isoindole[1,2‐ a :2′,1′‐ b ]pyrimidine‐5,15‐diones 15, 16 in high yields. Analogous reactions were performed on 3‐amino‐5a, 10a‐dihydroxybenzo[ b ]indeno[2,1‐ d ]furan‐10‐one ( 17 ) to give a dibenzoxocintrione 18 , spiro‐[benzofuran‐2,1′‐isobenzofuran]‐3,3′‐dione 19 and an isoindol‐1‐one 20 .
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of BaWO_4 and Ba_2CaWO_6 (2014)

XPS reference spectra for Ba_2CaWO_6 and BaWO_4 are presented, including high resolution spectra of the Ba 3d, W 4f, C 1s, Ca 2p, and O 1s lines. The peak locations and full widths at half maximum are also given. The binding energies of the Ba 3d and W 4f lines are 0.7 eV higher for BaWO4 than for Ba_2CaWO_6. The Ca 2p spectrum contains two sets of Ca 2p doublets that were attributed to Ba_2CaWO_6 and CaCO_3.
The Improvement of Digital HF Communication Through Coding: II--Tandem Interleaved Cyclic Coding (1968)

In previous work the technique of error correction of digital data through the use of interleaved cyclic codes and a set of probability functions for the evaluation of error patterns have been presented. In Part I of this paper [1] the performance of a wide range of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> symbol codes was evaluated on representative portions of the data. Here a method (identified as tandem interleaved cyclic coding) will be presented which allows for a significant increase in error-rate improvement at a reduction in the delay time introduced into the channel. It is demonstrated that it is possible to get almost I00 percent error correction for delays under three seconds for all channel conditions measured.
Optical Properties of Anisotropic Carbon (2021)

This chapter presents a theory and reviews experimental data describing the optical properties of the class of materials known as anisotropic carbons. It describes the techniques used in reflection microscopy and presents a phenomenological theory of optical reflectivity. The chapter discusses and reviews the mechanism of formation of anisotropic carbon. The literature describing liquid crystals is totally devoted to systems composed of rodlike molecules. Studies of the molecular species present during the short fluid phase of pyrolysis show that molecular weights of the molecules vary with values between about 500 and 1000 amu. In pyrolyzing systems the onset of formation of liquid crystals can be seen in optical microscopy by the formation of small, optically anisotropic units. It is important to note that graphite is a complicated material on which to study optical properties. In studies of polished surfaces of anisotropic carbon, importance is attached to the technique of using crossed polars in the reflectance microscope.
Ultra-fast Identity by Descent Detection in Biobank-Scale Cohorts using Positional Burrows–Wheeler Transform (2017)

Abstract With the availability of genotyping data of very large samples, there is an increasing need for tools that can efficiently identify genetic relationships among all individuals in the sample. One fundamental measure of genetic relationship of a pair of individuals is identity by descent (IBD), chromosomal segments that are shared among two individuals due to common ancestry. However, the efficient identification of IBD segments among a large number of genotyped individuals is a challenging computational problem. Most existing methods are not feasible for even thousands of individuals because they are based on pairwise comparisons of all individuals and thus scale up quadratically with sample size. Some methods, such as GERMLINE, use fast dictionary lookup of short seed sequence matches to achieve a near-linear time efficiency. However, the number of short seed matches often scales up super-linearly in real population data. In this paper we describe a new approach for IBD detection. We take advantage of an efficient population genotype index, Positional BWT (PBWT), by Richard Durbin. PBWT achieves linear time query of perfectly identical subsequences among all samples. However, the original PBWT is not tolerant to genotyping errors which often interrupt long IBD segments into short fragments. We introduce a randomized strategy by running PBWTs over random projections of the original sequences. To boost the detection power we run PBWT multiple times and merge the identified IBD segments through interval tree algorithms. Given a target IBD segment length, RaPID adjust parameters to optimize detection power and accuracy. Simulation results proved that our tool (RaPID) achieves almost linear scaling up to sample size and is orders of magnitude faster than GERMLINE. At the same time, RaPID maintains a detection power and accuracy comparable to existing mainstream algorithms, GERMLINE and IBDseq. Running multiple times with various target detection lengths over the 1000 Genomes Project data, RaPID can detect population events at different time scales. With our tool, it is feasible to identify IBDs among hundreds of thousands to millions of individuals, a sample size that will become reality in a few years.
The Lithium/Sulfur Rechargeable Cell (2002)

The cycling behavior and electrochemical characteristics of the sulfur electrode in the lithium/sulfur rechargeable cell were investigated using galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The cycling performance of the sulfur electrode was characterized in different solvents (triglyme, PEGDME 250 and 500). The variations of capacity and capacity fade rate were also measured as a function of the content of sulfur, carbon and binder. The capacity fade rate of the sulfur electrode was lower with a higher molecular weight solvent such as PEGDME 250 or 500. The content of carbon in the sulfur electrode plays an important role in capacity improvement. The best cell cycled for 600 deep cycles above 100 mAh/g of electrode, and 400 cycles above 160 mAh/g of electrode (80% of original capacity) at room temperature. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Preparative purification of ochratoxin a by liquid-liquid chromatography (2020)

Ochratoxin A is an important mycotoxin, produced by different Aspergillus and Penicillium species hence there are strict regulations on its level in foods and feeds. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of this compound require relatively high amounts of pure ochratoxin A as a standard. This large amount of pure compound can be obtained by purifying the fermentation medium of the producing microorganisms. Liquid-liquid chromatography (LLC) seems to be a suitable method, which is becoming more common in the purification of natural compounds.
Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances (2018)

If misregulated, macrophage (Mϕ)-T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-Mϕ (GM-CSF)- and Mϕ colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent Mϕs have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent Mϕs show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 Mϕs, M-CSF-dependent Mϕs, marked by folate receptor β (FRβ), adopt an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73. Since we observed a misbalance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory Mϕs in human and murine arthritic joints, we devised a new strategy for RA treatment based on targeted delivery of a novel methotrexate (MTX) formulation to the immunosuppressive FRβ<sup>+</sup>CD39<sup>+</sup>CD73<sup>+</sup> Mϕs, which boosts adenosine production and curtails the dominance of proinflammatory Mϕs. In contrast to untargeted MTX, this approach leads to potent alleviation of inflammation in the murine arthritis model. In conclusion, we define the Mϕ extracellular purine metabolism as a novel checkpoint in Mϕ cell fate decision-making and an attractive target to control pathological Mϕs in immune-mediated diseases.