gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One‐Component Bimolecular Photoinitiating Systems, 2 (2003)

Abstract The compounds 2‐thioxanthone‐thioacetic acid and 2‐(carboxymethoxy)thioxanthone, bimolecular photoinitiators for free radical polymerization, are synthesized and characterized. Their capability to act as initiators for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate was examined. The postulated mechanism is based on the intermolecular electron‐transfer reaction of the excited photoinitiator with the sulfur or oxygen atom of the ground state of the respective photoinitiator followed by decarboxylation. The resulting alkyl radicals initiate the polymerization. Structures of the photoinitiators. magnified image Structures of the photoinitiators.
Dynamic Range Limitation of Analog External Modulation Links with Complementary Distortion (1999)

Article Dynamic Range Limitation of Analog External Modulation Links with Complementary Distortion was published on August 1, 1999 in the journal Journal of Optical Communications (volume 20, issue 4).
Hapten-sandwich labeling. III. Bifunctional reagents for immunospecific labeling of cell surface antigens. (1976)

Bifunctional reagents have been prepared which permit extensive coupling of haptens to antibodies with retention of antibody-binding capacity. This modification procedure increases the sensitivity with which cell-surface antigens can be labeled for fluorescent or electron microscopy by the hapten-sandwich method to a level comparable to or greater than may usually be achieved by conventional indirect techniques. With two different haptens, and amplifying with anti-hapten antibodies bearing fluorescent or other markers, different antigens can be distinguished readily on a single cell or on separate cells. Mouse alloantigens detected only with difficulty by conventional fluorescence can be discerned clearly and with high specificity. The reagent, either methyl hydroxybenzimidate (HB) or methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzimidate (DHB), is first reacted with a diazonium phenyl hapten. Since the resulting azo-derivative retains the imido ester function, the reaction solution can be used directly to amidinate antibodies. Both HB and DHB are easily prepared and may be stored for use as needed. With these reagents, the hapten-sandwich procedure may be applied to proteins other than immunoglobulins, e.g., hormones and mitogens. In addition to labeling antigens for fluorescent or electron microscopy, haptenamidinated antibodies or other ligands may be used in conjunction with appropriately modified antihapten amplifiers for a variety of purposes in cell biology, such as radioisotope studies, selective cell killing or suppression, and isolation of membrane antigens.
Real-time monitoring of metabolic function in liver-on-chip microdevices tracks the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction (2016)

Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology aims to replace animal toxicity testing, but thus far has demonstrated few advantages over traditional methods. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of chemical and pharmaceutical toxicity, as well as pluripotency and disease processes. However, current methods to evaluate mitochondrial activity still rely on end-point assays, resulting in limited kinetic and prognostic information. Here, we present a liver-on-chip device capable of maintaining human tissue for over a month in vitro under physiological conditions. Mitochondrial respiration was monitored in real time using two-frequency phase modulation of tissue-embedded phosphorescent microprobes. A computer-controlled microfluidic switchboard allowed contiguous electrochemical measurements of glucose and lactate, providing real-time analysis of minute shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis, an early indication of mitochondrial stress. We quantify the dynamics of cellular adaptation to mitochondrial damage and the resulting redistribution of ATP production during rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and troglitazone (Rezulin)-induced mitochondrial stress. We show troglitazone shifts metabolic fluxes at concentrations previously regarded as safe, suggesting a mechanism for its observed idiosyncratic effect. Our microfluidic platform reveals the dynamics and strategies of cellular adaptation to mitochondrial damage, a unique advantage of organ-on-chip technology.
Circular Polarized Square Slot Antenna Based on Slow-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide (2020)

The design of a compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed circular-polarized antenna using a slow wave structure is proposed in PCB technology. Based on a multilayer substrate, this topology includes internal metallized blind via holes connected to the bottom conductive plane, inducing the physical separation of electric and magnetic fields in the SIW cavity. Hence, a slow wave effect is obtained, allowing a 47% reduction of the antenna cavity in comparison with its classic SIW antenna counterpart. Moreover, by asymmetrically inserting an inductive via into the patch region, a degenerated mode allows both a circular polarization and an enlargement of impedance bandwidth. Measurements and simulations are in good agreement in terms of radiation pattern and circular polarization with a return loss of 15 dB and a gain of 4.8 dBic.
Resumable Load Data Compression in Smart Grids (2014)

We propose a compression approach for load profile data, which addresses practical requirements of smart metering. By providing linear time complexity with respect to the input data size, our compression approach is suitable for low-complexity encoding and decoding for storage and transmission of load profile data in smart grids. Furthermore, it allows for resumability with very low overhead on error-prone transmission lines, which is an important feature not available for standard time series compression schemes. In terms of compression efficiency, our approach outperforms transmission encodings that are currently used for electricity metering by an order of magnitude.
Casein kinase 1δ functions at the centrosome and Golgi to promote ciliogenesis (2014)

Inhibition of casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) blocks primary ciliogenesis in human telomerase reverse transcriptase immortalized retinal pigmented epithelial and mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells-3. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and retinal cells from Csnk1d (CK1δ)-null mice also exhibit ciliogenesis defects. CK1δ catalytic activity and centrosomal localization signal (CLS) are required to rescue cilia formation in MEFs(Csnk1d null). Furthermore, expression of a truncated derivative containing the CLS displaces full-length CK1δ from the centrosome and decreases ciliary length in control MEFs, suggesting that centrosomal CK1δ has a role in ciliogenesis. CK1δ inhibition also alters pericentrosomal or ciliary distribution of several proteins involved in ciliary transport, including Ras-like in rat brain-11A, Ras-like in rat brain-8A, centrosomal protein of 290 kDa, pericentriolar material protein 1, and polycystin-2, as well as the Golgi distribution of its binding partner, A-kinase anchor protein 450 (AKAP450). As reported for AKAP450, CK1δ was required for microtubule nucleation at the Golgi and maintenance of Golgi integrity. Overexpression of an AKAP450 fragment containing the CK1δ-binding site inhibits Golgi-derived microtubule nucleation, Golgi distribution of intraflagellar transport protein 20 homologue, and ciliogenesis. Our results suggest that CK1δ mediates primary ciliogenesis by multiple mechanisms, one involving its centrosomal function and another dependent on its interaction with AKAP450 at the Golgi, where it is important for maintaining Golgi organization and polarized trafficking of multiple factors that mediate ciliary transport.
A review and comparison of midwifery management and education in five representative countries (2018)

Midwives play an important role in guaranteeing mothers and babies' good health. However, standardisation and systematic management of midwifery are insufficient in China. This study reviews and compares the present situation of midwifery management and education in five representative countries located in North America, Europe and Oceania. Based on the experience of these countries, Midwifery development in China should continue to explore and develop midwifery university education, form a midwife professional title system, standardize midwife certification and management. And a quality midwifery environment should be created in order to enhance career attractiveness.
Diorama construction simplified (2017)

The decade preceding the 1960's was an age when the interests of students' and adults' were many and varied. Because of this diversification of interests, ideas to be presented had to be short, to the point, and interesting for effective communication. Each year history was being made, studied, and forgotten by students trying to keep up with the fast-changing pace of events. It was the opinion of the writer that there was a way in which important events could be recorded which would enable students not only to understand an event, but to gain an understanding of the forces or actions which led up to the event. It was the writer's contention that the preparation for and the construction of a diorama, a three dimensional scene incorporating three-dimensional objects with backgrounds in perspective, could stimulate and vitalize history courses at the high school level. The purpose of this investigation was three-fold: to construct a diorama, to produce a slide film set and guide, and to record the various steps in the construction of the diorama.
Rendering conventional liposomes sensitive to mild acidity (2015)

Purpose: Liposomes were among the earliest nano drug carriers to gain wide acceptance in the clinic. This was mostly attributed to advances in liposome technology for active drug loading and being able to modify the vesicle size to suit tumour accumulation while evading rapid in vivo clearance through surface coating. The formidable challenge that still remains is to target their action in response to specific stimuli or disease state. Purpose of this study was to show proof of concept that membrane active peptides can be engineered and inserted (post vesicle formation) into conventional unilamellar liposomes for achieving specific release of payload with superior pH sensitivity than traditional approaches.Methods: Lipopeptides were made by solid phase synthesis combining t-Boc and Fmoc chemistries. SUVs were prepared by drying a lipid film, hydration with payload (dyes or enzymes) and extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. The release of payload in vitro was followed fluorometrically for dyes or colourimetrically for the enzymes. Antimicrobial assays were conducted by colony counting.Results: Peptide quality was confirmed by HPLC (&gt;95%) and mass spectrometry. Once integrated with liposomes pH dependent release of payload was evident in response to as little as 1.0 unit change in pH. Quantitative measurements using intracellular infection model and tumour xenograft models revealed significantly higher unloading for peptide treated liposomes and against controls. We were able to observe peptide dependent intracellular release (corresponding to endosomal pH) of an antibiotic which resulted in almost 10 fold reduction in CFU when recovered from macrophage borne infection. In extension of this study pH change could be detected from growth of as few as 100 microorganisms. Conclusion: Conventional liposomes can be rendered bioresponsive by mixing with modified membrane active peptides. However a careful design to fine tune the pH triggering window is essential.
Autofluorescence‐based optical biopsy: An effective diagnostic tool in hepatology (2018)

Autofluorescence emission of liver tissue depends on the presence of endogenous biomolecules able to fluoresce under suitable light excitation. Overall autofluorescence emission contains much information of diagnostic value because it is the sum of individual autofluorescence contributions from fluorophores involved in metabolism, for example, NAD(P)H, flavins, lipofuscins, retinoids, porphyrins, bilirubin and lipids, or in structural architecture, for example, fibrous proteins, in close relationship with normal, altered or diseased conditions of the liver. Since the 1950s, hepatocytes and liver have been historical models to study NAD(P)H and flavins as in situ, real-time autofluorescence biomarkers of energy metabolism and redox state. Later investigations designed to monitor organ responses to ischaemia/reperfusion were able to predict the risk of dysfunction in surgery and transplantation or support the development of procedures to ameliorate the liver outcome. Subsequently, fluorescent fatty acids, lipofuscin-like lipopigments and collagen were characterized as optical biomarkers of liver steatosis, oxidative stress damage, fibrosis and disease progression. Currently, serum AF is being investigated to improve non-invasive optical diagnosis of liver disease. Validation of endogenous fluorophores and in situ discrimination of cancerous from non-cancerous tissue belong to the few studies on liver in human subjects. These reports along with other optical techniques and the huge work performed on animal models suggest many optically based applications in hepatology. Optical diagnosis is currently offering beneficial outcomes in clinical fields ranging from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, to dermatology and ophthalmology. Accordingly, this review aims to promote an effective bench to bedside transfer in hepatology.
Privacy-Protected Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme in VANET (2019)

We propose a certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) scheme for privacy protection based on the certificateless public key cryptosystem and aggregate signature aiming at the common problems of communication security and efficiency in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The scheme can resist two different types of adversary attacks under the random oracle model and satisfy the unforgeability of communication messages as well as traceability and anonymity of vehicles. The scheme avoids the key escrow problem and certificate management. Based on the bilinear pairing operations, the aggregation verification of multiple messages is realized through aggregation signature. We quantitatively analyze the computational overhead of the scheme and define a new variable of computational efficiency. Our scheme is proved to be more efficient when V2I communication is carried out in urban roads compared with other schemes.
Monitoring stress levels in postgraduate medical training (2008)

The MBI-HSS is an established and validated tool for identifying burnout in resident physicians. Residency PDs may find the MBI-HSS useful as an aid in monitoring resident well-being and stress. In our own department, we found levels of burnout comparable to those previously reported for residents and faculty in this specialty.
Semantic Mask for Transformer Based End-to-End Speech Recognition (2020)

Attention-based encoder-decoder model has achieved impressive results for both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) tasks.This approach takes advantage of the memorization capacity of neural networks to learn the mapping from the input sequence to the output sequence from scratch, without the assumption of prior knowledge such as the alignments.However, this model is prone to overfitting, especially when the amount of training data is limited.Inspired by SpecAugment and BERT, in this paper, we propose a semantic mask based regularization for training such kind of end-toend (E2E) model.The idea is to mask the input features corresponding to a particular output token, e.g., a word or a wordpiece, in order to encourage the model to fill the token based on the contextual information.While this approach is applicable to the encoder-decoder framework with any type of neural network architecture, we study the transformer-based model for ASR in this work.We perform experiments on Librispeech 960h and TedLium2 data sets, and achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the test set in the scope of E2E models.
The impact of ZIF-8 particle size and heat treatment on CO2/CH4separation using asymmetric mixed matrix membrane (2014)

In this study, zeolitic imidazole framework 8 (ZIF-8) particles of different sizes were synthesized in aqueous media by varying the concentration of the base-type additive, triethylamine (TEA). ZIF-8 with particle sizes of ∼134 nm and ∼288 nm with surface areas of 418.44 m2 g−1 and 491.54 m2 g−1 were obtained without altering the crystalline structure. Synthesized ZIF-8 was further heat treated at 100 °C for a minimum of 12 hours, which led to an enhancement of its phase crystallinity and a surface area of 981.1 m2 g−1. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared via the dry–wet phase inversion method by dispersing as-synthesized ZIF-8s, heat-treated ZIF-8s and commercial ZIF-8 (∼493 nm) into a polysulfone (PSf) matrix. The thermal stability and mechanical strength of the membranes showed significant improvement after the incorporation of ZIF-8s. The MMMs were further subjected to the permeation experiments of CO2 and CH4. Although the majority of MMMs showed less selectivity than the neat PSf membrane, the incorporation of heat-treated ZIF-8 of the smallest size, exhibited CO2/CH4 selectivity of 28.5, which is significantly higher than the 19.43 obtained for the neat PSf membrane. Therefore, different ZIF-8 treatment protocols and particle sizes affect the MMMs performance significantly.
3404 Development of Cooperative Distributed Design Support System : Part II: Satisfaction Methodologies for Distributed Design Support System (2005)

Recently, we have some requirements which can be designed the large-scale structure or the complex shape without a special techniques or considerations. The purpose of this study is constructing a Cooperative Distributed Design Support System which can solve the large-scale and complex design problem efficiently in a short time. The proposed system enables an effective design by analyzing trends in objective functions from the information of sensibility analysis.
Patient Selection and End Point Definitions for Decongestion Studies in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Part 1 (2023)

Despite recent advances in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure, acute decompensated heart failure remains associated with significant mortality and morbidity because many novel therapies have failed to demonstrate meaningful benefit. Persistent congestion in the setting of escalating diuretic therapy has been repeatedly shown to be a marker of poor prognosis and is currently being targeted by various emerging device-based therapies. Because these therapies inherently carry procedural risk, patient selection is key in the future trial design. However, it remains unclear which patients are at a higher risk of residual congestion or adverse outcomes despite maximally tolerated decongestive therapy. In the first part of this 2-part review, we aimed to outline patient risk factors and summarize current evidence for early recognition of high-risk profile for residual congestion and adverse outcomes. These factors are classified as relating to the following: (1) previous clinical course, (2) severity of congestion, (3) diuretic response, and (4) degree of renal impairment. We also aimed to provide an overview of key inclusion criteria in recent acute decompensated heart failure trials and investigational device studies and propose potential criteria for selection of high-risk patients in future trials.
Cow and termite digestion mimicking: from animal digestive tracts to lab-scale pilots (2013)

International audience
HPLC, LC-MS and GC Method Development and Validation (2012)

The coherent body of research described in published work is concerned with new assay method development and validation using novel systematic approaches for pharmaceutical and diagnostic compounds. The first stage of the research was to study how analytical method development and validation are typically carried out at present and to formulate this into a simple step-by-step approach. Such a template and protocol was not only used as the foundation of this research programme but could also serve as a simple systematic guide for other practitioners and those new to the field. Furthermore, it was recognised that this protocol should satisfy the requirements of the most strategically important regulatory agencies. The second stage of this research involved evaluation and application of the above validation approach to new methods that were developed for a diverse range of analytes using HPLC, LC-MS and GC. In essence, the critical review of the requirements for method validation for various agencies and the subsequent preparation of guidelines on how to go about method validation have had a significant impact on analytical practitioners worldwide.
Action recognition based on depth image sequence (2017)

Human action recognition is the process of labeling image sequences with action labels. Robust solutions to this problem have applications in domains such as medical care, human-computer interaction and virtual training. The task is challenging for feature extraction due to variations in motion performance, recording settings and inter-personal differences. To meet these challenges, we propose two types of feature extraction methods based on the Kinect depth image sequences in this paper. One is assuming that there exists even distribute position lines in the three-dimensional space of frame difference, it will be active when the moving object touches them. The other is mapping the 16 successive frame sequences to a single image by Speed Time Mapping (STM) or Time Depth Mapping (STDM), obtaining 36-dimensiona spatial-temporal features in this image. These features are fed into Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify the action categories. The experiments compare their performance and demonstrate the effectiveness of STDM.