gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An independent-gate FinFET SRAM cell for high data stability and enhanced integration density (2007)

Data stability of SRAM cells has become an important issue with the scaling of CMOS technology. SRAM arrays are also an important source of leakage in today’s high performance microprocessors. A new six transistor (6T) SRAM cell based on independent-gate (IG) FinFET technology is presented in this paper for simultaneously reducing the active and standby mode power consumption while enhancing the data stability and the integration density. The new IG-FinFET SRAM cell activates only one gate of the data access transistors during a read operation. The disturbance caused by the direct data access mechanism of the standard 6T SRAM cell topology is significantly reduced by dynamically increasing the threshold voltage of the access transistors. All the transistors in the IG-FinFET SRAM cell are sized minimum without producing any data stability concerns. The read static-noise-margin (SNM) of the new circuit is enhanced by up to 2× as compared to the standard tied-gate FinFET SRAM cells. Alternatively, the IG-FinFET SRAM circuit reduces the leakage power and area by up to 51.7% and 10%, respectively, as compared to the standard tied-gate FinFET SRAM circuits sized for comparable data stability in a 32nm FinFET technology.
Performance Optimization for Overloaded MIMO Systems with Virtual Channel Approach (2018)

In this letter, we propose a virtual channel (VC) optimization approach with a closed‐loop and adaptive scheme for overloaded MIMO systems. With this approach, each input data stream goes through a VC which is generated at the transmitter; then it is transmitted to a receiver through the actual wireless channels. The VCs are concatenated with the actual wireless channels. Through VC optimization, the values of which can be adjusted to reduce the channel correlation, leading to a much improved system performance. Compared to the conventional overloaded MIMO systems, the overloaded MIMO systems with this approach can achieve significantly better performances in terms of the system capacity and symbol error rate (SER). The method that uses genetic algorithm (GA) for finding the optimal VC vector is described. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Deletion analysis of minimal sequence requirements for autonomous replication of ors8, a monkey early‐replicating DNA sequence (1995)

We have generated a panel of deletion mutants of ors8 (483 bp), a mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence, previously isolated by extrusion of nascent monkey (CV-1) DNA from replication bubbles active at the onset of S phase. The deletion mutants were tested for replication function by the DpnI resistance assay, in vivo, after transfection into HeLa cells, and in vitro. An internal fragment of 186-bp that is required for autonomous replication function of ors8 was identified. This fragment, when subcloned into pBR322 and similarly tested, was capable of autonomous replication in vivo and in vitro. The 186-bp fragment contains several repeated sequence motifs, such as the ATTA and ATTTAT motifs, occurring three and five times, respectively, the sequences TAGG and TAGA, occurring three and seven times, respectively, two 5'-ATT-3' repeats, a 44-bp imperfect inverted repeat (IR) sequence, and an imperfect consensus binding element for the transcription factor Oct-1. A measurable sequence-directed DNA curvature was also detected, coinciding with the AT-rich regions of the 186-bp fragment.
Multi-shelled CeO2 hollow microspheres as superior photocatalysts for water oxidation (2014)

A general self-templating method is introduced to construct triple-shelled CeO₂ hollow microspheres, which are composed of tiny CeO₂ nanoparticles. When the triple-shelled CeO₂ hollow microspheres are used as photocatalysts for direct water oxidation with AgNO₃ as the electron scavenger, excellent activity and enhanced stability for O₂ evolution are achieved, in contrast with commercial CeO₂ nanoparticles, single-shelled CeO₂ hollow microspheres and double-shelled CeO₂ hollow microspheres. Such an outstanding performance is attributed to the unique properties of the triple-shelled CeO₂ hollow microspheres including more efficient multiple reflections of the incident light by the inner shells, the larger surface area and more active sites for improving separation of electron-hole pairs, and the more curved surfaces unfavorable for deposition of in situ generated Ag nanoparticles.
Antiviral Effects of Virazole in Chronic Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Seropositive Chimpanzees (1976)

Virazole (Ribavirin, ICN 1229), a broad-spectrum, antiviral chemotherapeutic agent was used to treat two adult chronically hepatitis B surface antigen (HB(s) Ag)-seropositive chimpanzees. No significant change in serum hepatitis B surface antigen was noted and no adverse reactions were observed. The role of viral replication in the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B is discussed.
CICE output from Navy Earth System Model (NESM) for 2018050612 (2018)

INITIALIZATION: 2018050612\n\nFORECASTS:\ndaily at 00Z out to 45 days (t1068)\n\nGRIDS:\nARCu0.08 -- poleward of 40N\nANTu0.08 -- poleward of 49.52S\n\nPARAMETERS:\nhi:standard_name = "sea_ice_thickness" ;\nhs:standard_name = "surface_snow_thickness" ;\nTsfc:standard_name = "surface_temperature_where_sea_ice" ;\naice:standard_name = "sea_ice_area_fraction" ;\nuvel:standard_name = "eastward_sea_ice_velocity" ;\nvvel:standard_name = "northward_sea_ice_velocity" ;\nsst:standard_name = "sea_water_temperature" ;\nuocn:standard_name = "eastward_sea_water_velocity" ;\nvocn:standard_name = "northward_sea_water_velocity" ;\nTair:standard_name = "air_temperature" ;\nstrength:standard_name = "compressive_strength_of_sea_ice" ;
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Potential Therapeutic Use of Pegaptanib (Macugen&reg;) in Diabetic Retinopathy (2007)

Both clinical and preclinical findings have implicated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema (DME). VEGF is both a potent enhancer of vascular permeability and a key inducer of angiogenesis. VEGF levels are elevated in the eyes of patients with DME, and in animal models of diabetes this elevation coincides with the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Moreover, injection of VEGF (the VEGF165 isoform in particular) into healthy eyes of animals can induce diabetes-associated ocular pathologies.Pegaptanib, a novel RNA aptamer currently used in the treatment of agerelated macular degeneration, binds and inactivates VEGF165 and has been shown in animal models to reverse the blood-retinal barrier breakdown associated with diabetes. These findings formed the basis of a phase II trial involving 172 patients with DME, in which intravitreous pegaptanib (0.3 mg, 1 mg, 3 mg) or sham injections were administered every 6 weeks for 12 weeks, with the option of continuing for 18 more weeks or undergoing laser treatment. Compared to sham, patients receiving 0.3 mg displayed superior visual acuity (p = 0.04) as well as a reduction in retinal thickness of 68 micrometers compared to a slight increase under sham treatment (p = 0.021). These data support the use of pegaptanib in the treatment of DME.
25 second cocaine sensing by membrane protein channel integrated in a microfluidic device (2011)

This paper describes a cocaine sensing using a membrane protein channel integrated in a microfluidic device (Figure 1). Protein channel (1.5 nm dia.) was reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers (BLMs) spanning at nanometer-sized parylene nanopore (400 nm dia., Figure 1b). DNA dissolved in solution can be driven through an alpha-hemolysin (αHL) channel by an applied electric field (Figure 1c left), and it was recognized as single molecular level by monitoring the channel currents. It was revealed in this study that a cocaine was discriminated by the protein channel as changing the structure from a cocaine molecule to a cocaine aptamer complex as shown Figure 1c right. We demonstrated that the cocaine aptamer can be sensed for only 25 second in the 3D microfluidic device.
Small Great Nation: Sammenhængskraften i Danmark (2018)

Hvis Danmark skal realisere de potentialer vi fandt i Small Great Nations rapport 1 omkring udfordringer og muligheder for Danmark, er det væsentligt at kigge nærmere på sammenhængskraften på tværs af landet. Den er nemlig afgørende for, om vi mennesker og erhvervslivet har de bedste rammer at operere inden for.
New Application Technique for Gold Deposited Mylar Film (2021)

Gold deposited Mylar film is commonly used to establish a constant heat flux convective boundary condition for wind-tunnel test surfaces. To minimize conduction through the test plate and promote a constant flux boundary, the accepted technique for mounting Mylar film to a surface is to apply the film oriented as gold-side up. However, the accepted mounting technique causes problems if the films are used to explore convective heat transfer from surfaces with high thermal conductivity protuberances and surface roughness. If high thermal conductivity elements are attached to the side with the gold layer, the local resistance of the film is lowered and hotspots with local increases in heat generation are created. To overcome the problems with roughness-element attachment, a new technique for mounting gold-deposition Mylar film in a gold-side down orientation was developed. This new application technique allows for the roughness elements to be mounted to the plastic side of the film while ensuring that the heat generation from the gold-deposition side is not disrupted. However, with this inverted mounting orientation, conduction into the test plate and conduction through the Mylar film must be considered when determining local convection coefficients. To validate measurements of convection coefficients made using the Mylar film and the new application technique, a series of test measurements has been performed using spherical segment roughness elements applied to a heated vertical test plate in natural convection. The temperature distributions of both sides of the test plate were measured using an infrared camera. The resulting unperturbed convection coefficients and the protuberance fin efficiencies are in general agreement with classical correlations for the test situations.
Manufacturing Influences on Pressure Losses of Channel Fed Holes (2013)

Variations from manufacturing can influence the overall pressure drop and subsequent flow rates through supply holes in such applications as film-cooling, transpiration cooling, and impingement cooling that are supplied by microchannels, pipe-flow systems, or secondary air systems. The inability to accurately predict flow rates has profound effects on engine operations. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of several relevant manufacturing features that might occur for a cooling supply hole being fed by a range of channel configurations. The manufacturing variances included the ratio of the hole diameter to the channel width, the number of channel feeds (segments), the effect of hole overlap with respect to the channel sidewalls, and the channel Reynolds number. The results showed that the friction factors for the typically long channels in this study were independent of the tested inlet and exit hole configurations. The results also showed that the nondimensional pressure loss coefficients for the flow passing through the channel inlet holes and through the channel exit holes were found to be independent of the channel flow Reynolds number over the tested range. The geometric scaling ratio of the hole cross-sectional area to the channel cross-sectional area collapsed the pressure loss coefficients the best for both one and two flow segments for both the channel inlet and channel exit hole.
Capacity and Energy-Efficiency of Delayed Access Scheme for Small Cell\n Networks (2019)

Data applications may typically tolerate a moderate delay before packet\ntransmission between user equipment (UE) and cell begins. This delay can be\ntaken advantage to reduce the communication distance, improve coverage\nprobability, and increase overall energy-efficiency of the small cell network.\nTo demonstrate such merits, we suggest a simple access scheme and analyze the\ndistribution of coverage probability and throughput as a function of delay and\ntransmit distance. Sufficient number of small base stations (SBSs) handle the\npeak traffic load. To improve energy-efficiency of the network, a number of\nSBSs are switched off at low traffic periods. Energy-efficiency can be further\nimproved by turning all of the SBSs on and off, rather than selecting a subset\nand leaving them off. By doing so, coverage probability and bit-rate can be\nimproved by delaying their transmissions and waiting for a closer SBS to become\navailable. Results show that by turning SBSs on and off continuously and taking\nadvantage of initial delay to connect a SBS yield an order of magnitude\nimprovement in energy-efficiency, improves the coverage probability\nsignificantly at low signal to interference and noise (SINR) regime.\n
From Reliability to Resilience: Planning the Grid Against the Extremes (2020)

Although extreme events, mainly natural disasters and climate change-driven severe weather, are the result of naturally occurring processes, power system planners, regulators, and policy makers do not usually recognize them within network reliability standards. Instead, planners have historically designed the electric power infrastructure accounting for the so-called credible (or "average") outages that usually represent single or (some kind of) simultaneous faults (e.g., faults on double circuits).
Effect of an Increase of Dietary Linseed Oil on Fatty Acid Composition and .ALPHA.-tocopherol in Hen's Egg Yolk. (1994)

採卵用のニワトリDekalb XL-Lの245日齢, 体重1.9kgを用い飼料に亜麻仁油を0, 1, 2, 4, 5.9%添加し, 35日以上飼育の後, 卵黄の脂肪酸組成とビタミンEに及ぼす影響をみた。1) 飼料中の亜麻仁油を増加させても, 対照群に比べ, 鶏卵重量や卵黄重量には有意な変化はみられなかった。2) 飼料中の亜麻仁油の割合を増加させても対照群に比べ, 卵黄中の総脂質, 中性脂質, 極性脂質量には変化が認められなかった。3) 卵黄総脂質中のパルミチン酸やリノール酸 (LA (18: 2, ω6)) はほぼ一定値を保持した。ステアリン酸はやや上昇し, σ-リノレン酸 (LNA (18: 3, ω3)) やエイコサペンタエン酸 (EPA (20: 5, ω3)) は飼料中の亜麻仁油量の増加にほぼ対応して増加した。4) それに対しオレイン酸は緩やかな減少を示した。ω6系列のアラキドン酸 (AA (20: 4ω6)) は著しく低下し, ドコサヘキサエン酸 (DHA (22: 6, ω3)) は亜麻仁油の1%添加群でほぼプラトーに達しそれ以上添加しても大きな変化はみられなかった。卵黄脂質のω3/ω6系脂肪酸比率は亜麻仁油添加量0, 1, 2, 4, 5.9%に従い, 0.11, 0.31, 0.44, 0.69, 0.92となった。5) 卵黄中のビタミンE量は亜麻仁油1%添加群で減少傾向をみせ, 2%以上になると有意に減少した。亜麻仁油1%添加群の飼料ω3/ω6脂肪酸比率は, 0.43であった。
Presenilin1/γ‐secretase protects neurons from glucose deprivation‐induced death by regulating miR‐212 and PEA15 (2017)

Reduced cerebral glucose utilization is found in aged individuals and often is an early sign of neurodegeneration. Here, we show that under glucose deprivation (GD) conditions, decreased expression of presenilin 1 (PS1) results in decreased neuronal survival, whereas increased PS1 increases neuronal survival. Inhibition of γ-secretase also decreases neuronal survival under GD conditions, which suggests the PS1/γ-secretase system protects neurons from GD-induced death. We also show that neuronal levels of the survival protein, phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes at ∼15 kDa (PEA15), and its mRNA are regulated by PS1/γ-secretase. Furthermore, down-regulation of PEA15 decreases neuronal survival under reduced glucose conditions, whereas exogenous PEA15 increases neuronal survival even in the absence of PS1, which indicates that PEA15 promotes neuronal survival under GD conditions. The absence or reduction of PS1, as well as γ-secretase inhibitors, increases neuronal miR-212, which targets PEA15 mRNA. PS1/γ-secretase activates the transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein, regulating miR-212, which targets PEA15 mRNA. Taken together, our data show that under conditions of reduced glucose, the PS1/γ-secretase system decreases neuronal losses by suppressing miR-212 and increasing its target survival factor, PEA15. These observations have implications for mechanisms of neuronal death under conditions of reduced glucose and may provide targets for intervention in neurodegenerative disorders.-Huang, Q., Voloudakis, G., Ren, Y., Yoon, Y., Zhang, E., Kajiwara, Y., Shao, Z., Xuan, Z., Lebedev, D., Georgakopoulos, A., Robakis, N. K. Presenilin1/γ-secretase protects neurons from glucose deprivation-induced death by regulating miR-212 and PEA15.
The platelet fibrinogen receptor: an immunogold-surface replica study of agonist-induced ligand binding and receptor clustering. (1987)

Platelet aggregation requires the binding of fibrinogen to its receptor, a heterodimer consisting of the plasma-membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa. Although the GPIIb-IIIa complex is present on the surface of unstimulated platelets, it binds fibrinogen only after platelet activation. We have used an immunogold-surface replica technique to study the distribution of GPIIb-IIIa and bound fibrinogen over broad areas of surface membranes in unstimulated, as well as thrombin-activated and ADP-activated human platelets. We found that the immunogold-labeled GPIIb-IIIa was monodispersed over the surface of unstimulated platelets, although the cell surface lacked immunoreactive fibrinogen. On thrombin-stimulated platelets, approximately 65% of the GPIIb-IIIa molecules were in clusters within the plane of the membrane. Fibrinogen, which had been released from the alpha-granules of these cells, bound to GPIIb-IIIa on the cell surface and was similarly clustered. To determine whether the receptors clustered before ligand binding, or as a consequence thereof, we studied the surface distribution of GPIIb-IIIa after stimulation with ADP, which causes activation of the fibrinogen receptor function of GPIIb-IIIa without inducing the release of fibrinogen. In the absence of added fibrinogen, the unoccupied, yet binding-competent receptors on ADP-stimulated platelets were monodispersed. The addition of fibrinogen caused the GPIIb-IIIa molecules to cluster on the cell surface. Clustering was also induced by the addition of the GPIIb-IIIa-binding domains of fibrinogen, namely the tetrapeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser on the alpha-chain or the gamma-chain decapeptide gamma 402-411. These results show that receptor occupancy causes clustering of GPIIb-IIIa in activated platelets.
Electrically Switchable Holograms: Novel PDLC Structures (1997)

Abstract Polymelcdispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films have become the subject of much scientific investigation and commercial development. These systems begin as a homogeneous mixture of liquid crystal (LC) and monomer or oligomer, and possibly some other minor components, and upon curing produce a composite system consisting of a well-defined LC phase embedded in a polymer matrix.
Selection of Efficient Ribozyme Cleavage Sites in Target RNAs (2003)

The identification of cleavage sites for ribozymes within a particular target RNA exclusively on the basis of sequence informatlon often leads to disappointing failures. Even prediction of secondary structures of the target RNA by computer modeling with a more or less exact prediction of single-stranded or loop regions does not guarantee successful cleavage of the target RNA by a synthetic or an expressed ribozyme (1). Expensive screening tests with large numbers of individual ribozymes are the result. As an alternative to this trial-and-error approach, we have recently developed a novel strategy for identification of cleavage sites (2).
Stochastic Block Model and Community Detection in the Sparse Graphs: A spectral algorithm with optimal rate of recovery (2015)

In this paper, we present and analyze a simple and robust spectral algorithm for the stochastic block model with $k$ blocks, for any $k$ fixed. Our algorithm works with graphs having constant edge density, under an optimal condition on the gap between the density inside a block and the density between the blocks. As a co-product, we settle an open question posed by Abbe et. al. concerning censor block models.
Provenance framework in support of data quality estimation (2007)

Among patients with HF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction enrolled in PARAGON-HF, the proportion of cardiovascular and sudden death were higher in those with lower left ventricular EF, and the proportion of noncardiovascular death rose with EF. Regardless of EF, sacubitril/valsartan did not reduce death from any cause compared with valsartan. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01920711.
Biotemplating of Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Applications in Small‐Scale Robotics (2021)

Abstract Biotemplating is a powerful approach for manufacturing small‐scale devices. Here, the assembly of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals onto biotemplated magnetic helical structures on the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is reported. It is demonstrated that the authors’ approach is universal and can be used to equip biotemplated structures with different functional MOF systems. The successful assembly of MOF nanocrystals on magnetically coated helical biotemplates is achieved by decorating the magnetic surface with gelatin, a naturally occurring macromolecule with synthon moieties that allows anchoring of the MOF nanocrystals via electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, as gelatin is a thermally responsive material, it can serve to free the magnetic biotemplates from the MOF nanocrystal cargoes. As such, the systems can be used as highly integrated magnetically driven microrobots with multiple functionalities. To this end, the potential of these composite helical architectures is demonstrated as MOF‐based small‐scale robots with applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Exercise (1998)

In an effort to obtain preventive, diagnostic and therpeutic medical and exercise training information of rheumatoid arthritis as well as to provide pertinent data to be used in development of exercise program for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, this study was conducted by using literature review. Because RA is a disease that involves both joints and muscles, its activity in the different functional classes influences the patient's ability to exercise. A patient in Functional Class 1 may perform any type of exercise because the disease involvement has not yet reached major importance. Exceptions may include hard physical exercise, running, and individual racket sports. In almost all cases, bicycle exercise is possible. Patients in Functional Class 2 and a few in Class 3 can perform most types of exercise (especially cycling, walking, heated pool exercise and even jogging) in low activity phases of RA. Although a few patients in Functional Class 3 can walk, jog, and perform similar types of exercise, most persons in this class can swim or exercise on a bicycle if the type of exercise, its intensity, and its range of motion are modified according to the patient's anatomic and pathologic conditions. Most patients in Functional Class 4 are not able to carry out complicated movements. We conclude that physical training for persons with RA has physical, psychological, and social consequences that are clearly beneficial. We recommend training be one part of the many involved in the complicated treatment of RA.