gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Circadian Rhythms on Radiosensitivity: Single and Fractionated Dose Studies in Mouse Skin (1991)

In rodent skin significant increases in labelling and mitotic indices have been reported during the period of maximum nocturnal activity. It has been suggested that sparing of radiation damage in fast-proliferating normal tissues could be achieved if treatments were given at the time of day when the maximum number of normal cells were most radioresistant. If changes in radiosensitivity do occur in tissues with circadian fluctuations in the cell kinetic parameters, then the magnitude of these changes should be dependent on the size of dose per fraction. Because of the implications for clinical radiotherapy, especially in regimes where multiple fractions per day are given (MFD), possible diurnal variations in radiosensitivity were investigated using single dose and fractionated X-ray regimens (5F/5 days, 8F/8 days), in rodent skin. Treatments were delivered at 1, 3, 5 a.m. (time of highest DNA synthetic activity in mouse epidermis), 6 and 7 a.m. (highest mitotic activity) and at 5 p.m. (minimum labelling and mitotic indices). To investigate a large range of doses per fraction, fractionated X-rays were given alone or followed by neutron top-up doses. Using a range of doses per fraction of 30 Gy down to 1 Gy, we did not detect any change in radiosensitivity with any of the schedules. Our results suggest that a decrease in normal tissue tolerance is unlikely to be observed in patients even if irradiated at a time of day at which a maximum increase in radiosensitivity might be predicted on the basis of a high mitotic index.
Reducing exception management overhead with software restart markers (2008)

Modern processors rely on exception handling mechanisms to detect errors and to implement various features such as virtual memory. However, these mechanisms are typically hardware-intensive because of the need to buffer partially-completed instructions to implement precise exceptions and enforce in-order instruction commit, often leading to issues with performance and energy efficiency. The situation is exacerbated in highly parallel machines with large quantities of programmer-visible state, such as VLIW or vector processors. As architects increasingly rely on parallel architectures to achieve higher performance, the problem of exception handling is becoming critical. 
In this thesis, I present software restart markers as the foundation of an exception handling mechanism for explicitly parallel architectures. With this model, the compiler is responsible for delimiting regions of idempotent code. If an exception occurs, the operating system will resume execution from the beginning of the region. One advantage of this approach is that instruction results can be committed to architectural state in any order within a region, eliminating the need to buffer those values. Enabling out-of-order commit can substantially reduce the exception management overhead found in precise exception implementations, and enable the use of new architectural features that might be prohibitively costly with conventional precise exception implementations. Additionally, software restart markers can be used to reduce context switch overhead in a multiprogrammed environment. 
This thesis demonstrates the applicability of software restart markers to vector, VLIW, and multithreaded architectures. It also contains an implementation of this exception handling approach that uses the Trimaran compiler infrastructure to target the Scale vector-thread architecture. I show that using software restart markers incurs very little performance overhead for vector-style execution on Scale. Finally, I describe the Scale compiler flow developed as part of this work and discuss how it targets certain features facilitated by the use of software restart markers. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Temporal changes in the skinMalasseziamicrobiota of members of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE): A case study in Antarctica as a pseudo-space environment (2015)

The International Space Station (ISS) is located approximately 400 km above the Earth. Astronauts staying at the ISS are under microgravity and are thus unable to bathe or shower; instead, they wash their bodies using wet tissues. For astronauts, skin hygiene management is important to maintain the quality of life during long-term stays on the ISS. In Antarctica, members of a Japanese geological investigation team negotiate their way over land using snowmobiles. During their 3-month stay, they are subject to a "pseudo-space" environment similar to that experienced by ISS astronauts, including the inability to bathe or shower. In this study, temporal changes in the colonization levels of skin lipophilic fungi, Malassezia were investigated in 16 team members. Compared to the levels before their trip to Antarctica, the fold changes in Malassezia colonization levels during the researchers' stay in Antarctica were in the range of 3.0 ± 1.9 to 5.3 ± 7.5 in cheek samples, 8.9 ± 10.6 to 22.2 ± 40.0 in anterior chest samples, 6.2 ± 5.4 to 16.9 ± 25.5 in behind-the-ear samples, and 1.7 ± 0.9 to 17.4 ± 33.4 in sole-of-the-foot samples. On the scalp, the level of Malassezia colonization increased dramatically, by 96.7 ± 113.8 to 916.9 ± 1251.5 fold. During their stay in Antarctica, the team members experienced itchy scalps and produced a large number of scales. The relative proportions of Malassezia globosa and M. restricta shifted to seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff types. These results provide useful information for the development of skin hygiene management plans for astronauts staying at the ISS.
CGRP Receptor Antagonists and 5-HT1F Receptor Agonist in the Treatment of Migraine (2021)

Discovering that calcitonin-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the complex pathophysiology of migraine has allowed us to make great strides in the development of new approaches for acute and preventive treatment. This evidence has led to the development of small molecules antagonist molecules of the CGRP receptor ("gepants") and of a new class of medications called "Ditans". This review presents the data from clinical trials reporting the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the new drugs used in the treatment of migraines. Evidences show that therapeutic approaches targeted to CGRP have the potential to transform the clinical management of migraine, even though its appropriate place has yet to be determined with accuracy.
Aircraft conflict resolution: Lie-Poisson reduction for game on SE(2) (2003)

In this paper, the problem of conflict resolution for two non-cooperative aircraft at a fixed altitude is considered. We formulate the problem into a differential game, and then apply the Lie-Poisson reduction on the dual of the Lie algebra of the special Euclidean group. The reduced Hamiltonian dynamics is thus derived and can be integrated explicitly, backwards in time. We use hybrid automata to describe the solution to the reduced dynamics as well as the aircraft maneuvers in the game. The safe portion of the target-set frontier is calculated, and the solution to the boundary of the safe portion is also derived.
Induction of a reversible cardiac lipidosis by a dietary long-chain fatty acid (erucic acid). Relationship to lipid accumulation in border zones of myocardial infarcts. (1983)

Previous studies have demonstrated that cardiac myocytes in the border zone of acute myocardial infarction become markedly overloaded with neutral lipid during the transition from reversible to irreversible injury. To examine directly the role of these changes in neutral lipid metabolism in the development of irreversible cellular injury and associated increases in tissue Ca2+ content, the authors fed rats large amounts of a fatty acid (erucic acid) that is poorly oxidized by the heart and that subsequently accumulates as neutral lipid. Rats fed a high erucic acid (C22:1) diet in the form of 20% rapeseed oil for 3-5 days had a fourfold increase in triglyceride (49.5 +/- 3.8 SEM mg/g wet wt versus 13.6 +/- 13, n = 4) and a 60% increase in long-chain acyl CoA content (166.0 +/- 21.9 versus 91.5 +/- 9.0 nM/g wet wt, n = 4), compared with controls. However, there was no change in long-chain acyl carnitine or total phospholipid content. Histochemical studies showed accumulation of numerous lipid droplets in the myocytes, and electron microscopy revealed localization of lipid vesicles in direct contact with mitochondria, thus mimicking the lipid-laden cells in the border zone regions of acute myocardial infarcts. The acute lipidosis was reversible with either continued feeding of erucic acid for several weeks or conversion to a normal diet. It was not associated with an increased tissue Ca2+ content, nor with cell necrosis. However, continued erucic acid intake for 3 months was associated with focal myocardial degeneration and loss of myocytes. These results suggest that acute increases in neutral lipids, as found in the border zone of acute myocardial infarction, may not be the cause of progression to irreversible damage during acute myocardial injury, but that the persistent presence of similar lipid material over months may result in focal myocardial degeneration.
”Pop-Up Alerts are the Bane of My Existence”: Designing Alerts for Cognitive Aids Used in Time-Critical Medical Settings (2022)

Decision support alerts have the potential to assist clinicians in determining appropriate interventions for critically injured patients. The design of these alerts is critical because it can impact their adoption and effectiveness. In this late-breaking work, we explore how decision support alerts should be designed for cognitive aids used in time- and safety-critical medical events. We conducted interviews with 11 trauma team leaders to elicit their thoughts and reactions to potential alert designs. From the findings, we contribute three implications for designing alerts for cognitive aids that support team-based, time-critical decision making and discuss how these implications can be further explored in future work.
Experimental Observation of RF Radiation Generated by an Explosively Driven Voltage Generator (2005)

Abstract : In April of 2005, several pulsed-power experiments were performed using explosively driven voltage generation systems at Loki Inc. located in Rolla, Missouri. A pulse-forming network and transmitting antenna were constructed and attached to the voltage-pulse generator, and a matched receiving antenna was located approximately 3 m from the transmitting antenna. Three RF generation test shots were performed during the experiment. Each test shot produced two separate RF bursts. The first RF burst induced a maximum peak-to-peak signal on the receiving antenna. The total pulse length was about 2 microseconds. The effective radiated power (ERP) of the system was roughly estimated to be 2 MW in a narrow-band-pulse centered around 22 MHz. After test measurements indicate that the total power generated by the RF generator was 4.5 MW.
Characteristics of molecular-beam epitaxially grown pair-groove-substrate GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum-well lasers (1987)

Growth and device characteristics of an index-guided GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum-well (MQW) laser, called a pair-groove-substrate (PGS) MQW laser, are described in detail. The laser structure is fabricated by using single-step molecular-beam epitaxy on a (001) GaAs substrate with a pair of etched grooves along the 〈11̄0〉 direction. A mesa between a pair of grooves, where the lasing action occurs, becomes narrow during growth, and the narrow mesa offers lateral waveguiding that stabilizes a fundamental transverse mode. The superior crystalline quality of the mesa top, which is examined by a microprobe photoluminescence technique, serves to lower the lasing threshold currents. The lasers with mesa widths below 2 μm show stable transverse mode operation with a low threshold current of 20 mA, as well as a high external differential quantum efficiency of 68%. The low threshold and high characteristic temperature accomplish a high-temperature continuous-wave operation at 153 °C for the lasers mounted on silicon heat sinks.
Collinear grouped items are more distracted for older adults: Behavior and neural imaging evidence on the collinear masking effect (2019)

Aging is known to increase capture effect by salient distractors. Meanwhile, aging also declines the ability of perceptual grouping. Since well-grouped items can also capture attention, older adults may release from distraction if the distractor is well-grouped. This study evaluated this possibility by the collinear masking effect. The collinear masking effect refers to the condition that a collinear distractor can mask a local target in visual search. Thirty-two young adults and 26 normal older adults participated in this experiment. Results showed a larger collinear masking effect for older than young adults. BOLD signal revealed that young adults activated the left superior parietal area to suppress the collinear distractor, while older adults did not. Further, older adults additionally recruited frontal-parietal networks which implied that their attention was captured by the collinear distractor. The collinear masking effect also correlate to bilateral motor cortex and putamen activations in older adults, suggesting a heavy motor demands on older adults. Our data thus showed that older adults are more distracted by well-grouped distractors, which is due to more capture, less suppression, and more complex motor execution. Thus aging does not release older adults from distraction by well-grouped items.
IPv6 Traceback Using Policy Based Management System (2006)

Most of the cyber attacks use spoofed IP packets to cast an attack. The stateless nature of IP makes it nearly impossible to identify the true source(s) of these attacks. With the help of IP traceback techniques, we try to identifying the true source of an IP datagram in Internet. While many IP traceback techniques have been proposed, but most of the previous studies focus and offer solutions for DDoS attacks done on IPv4 environment. IPv4 and IPv6 Networks differ greatly from each other, for instance, absence of the Option field in basic IPv6 header. Thus, the mechanisms of IP Traceback for IPv4 networks may not apply to IPv6 networks. In this paper, we extend our previous work i.e. PPM for IPv6 and remove its drawback by using Policy Based IP Traceback (PBIT) mechanism. We also discuss problems related to previously proposed IPv4 traceback schemes and practical subtleties in implementing traceback techniques for IPv6 networks. * Keywords: IPv6 Traceback, Policy-based Management, PBIT 1.
Efficacy and Safety of Dextromethorphan/Quinidine at Two Dosage Levels for Diabetic Neuropathic Pain: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study (2012)

Throughout a 13-week trial, DMQ was effective, with an acceptable safety profile, for treatment of DPN pain. Other fixed-dose combinations of DMQ should be studied to improve overall tolerability while maintaining significant efficacy.
An Evaluation of Sensing Platforms Used for Sensor Network Research (2008)

Multiple communications, networking, and computer platforms are available for sensor network applications, ranging from motes to complex sensor nodes; which include fully configured computers. Several of these platforms were evaluated for use in a SensorNet architecture with multiple owners. A unique feature of this endeavor is that it goes beyond basic data collection to study the methods of controlling access to sensor network assets. Here, we present the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses of each of the sensing platforms that were evaluated for our effort. The paper concludes by presenting the modifications that were needed to get the platforms to operate in a unified SensorNet architecture, as well as the lessons that were learned from our evaluation. i Table of Contents
Distal Radio-Ulnar Ligament Motion During Supination and Pronation (1993)

The dorsal and palmar distal radio-ulnar ligaments (DRUL) play an important role in the stability of the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ). Various authorities, however, hold opposite opinions regarding DRUL motion during DRUJ pronation and supination, thus implying opposite techniques for reconstruction of the unstable DRUJ. With the hypothesis that relative displacement would increase in the dorsal DRUL during pronation and would increase in the palmar DRUL during supination, measurements were made of the relative DRUL displacement with a Hall-effect displacement transducer during DRUJ pronation and supination in six fresh cadaver wrists. The hypothesis was confirmed that the dorsal radio-ulnar ligament undergoes relative displacement during pronation, while the palmar radio-ulnar ligament undergoes relative displacement during supination.
Isolation based on L-selectin expression of immune effector T cells derived from tumor-draining lymph nodes. (1996)

The ability to generate a large number of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes is the most critical requirement for adoptive immunotherapy. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) are an excellent source of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes. After activation with anti-CD3, these cells readily proliferate in low concentrations of interleukin 2 and acquire effector functions. The adoptive transfer of these cells is capable of mediating the regression of tumors established in the lung as well as in the brain. Here, we analyzed several adhesion molecules on the tumor-draining LN T cells and separated them based on L-selectin expression. The homing receptor L-selectin mediates adhesion to the luminal surface of specialized high endothelial venules, thus regulating lymphocyte recirculation through peripheral LNs. In response to progressive tumor growth, a small population of draining LN T cells down-regulated L-selectin and increased the expression of CD44 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1. In adoptive immunotherapy, purified T cells with low L-selectin (L-selectin-) expression constituted all the in vivo antitumor reactivity, whereas isolated high L-selectin (L-selectin+) cells were ineffective. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that L-selectin- cells expressed interleukin 2, IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA upon in vitro stimulation with specific tumor cells. These results suggest that highly potent immune T cells can be isolated based on their pattern of adhesion molecule expression. The ability of the immune effector cells to transcribe cytokine genes when stimulated with tumor cells provides a basis for identifying similar cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer in humans.
Multi-Hop Relaying Using Energy Harvesting (2015)

In this letter, the performance of multi-hop relaying using energy harvesting is evaluated. Both amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relaying protocols are considered. The evaluation is conducted for time-switching energy harvesting as well as power-splitting energy harvesting. The largest number of hops given an initial amount of energy from the source node is calculated. Numerical results show that, in order to extend the network coverage using multi-hop relaying, time-switching is a better option than power splitting and in some cases, decode-and-forward also supports more hops than amplify-and-forward.
Temperature and pH-Responsive Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions (2007)

Solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using noncovalently interacting polymer surfactants in aqueous media has opened up a new vista of SWNTs in biology and medicine. In many potential applications, it is desirable to control the dispersion or aggregation of SWNTs in solvents with external stimuli. Here we report two "smart" SWNT dispersions that respond to temperature and pH changes in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly-L-lysine solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Six‐Membered P‐Heterocycles with Sterically Demanding Substituent on the Phosphorus Atom. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ampliação da via de saída do ventrículo direito com pericárdio autólogo pediculado na tetralogia de Fallot (2008)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Ion Acceleration in Strong Electromagnetic Interactions with Plasmas. (1975)

Energetic ions of energy up to $7k{T}_{e}$ are detected when an inhomogeneous plasma ($\frac{{T}_{e}}{{T}_{i}}\ensuremath{\cong}10$) is irradiated by microwave pulses ($\frac{{{E}_{0}}^{2}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{nk}{T}_{e}}\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) of short durations ($\ensuremath{\tau}$ approximately twice the ion-plasma period). Time- and space-resolved analyses trace their origin to the generation of density cavitons by ponderomotive forces. The axially directed energetic-ion flux carries a significant fraction of incident electromagnetic energy.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC NITRO GROUPS IN THE PRESENCE OF ACETYLENES. SYNTHESIS OF (3‐AMINOPHENYL)ACETYLENE VIA HYDROGENATION OF (3‐NITROPHENYL)ACETYLENE OVER COBALT POLYSULFIDE AND RUTHENIUM SULFIDE CATALYSTS (1980)

Abstract Die Hydrierung von 3‐Nitro‐phenylacetylen (I) liefert das Amino‐phenyl‐acetylen (II) neben dem Amino‐styrol (III), das z.B. über das Amino‐acetophenon (IV) zu Polymeren führt.
Solvent-free microwave-assisted Bingel reaction in carbon nanohorns (2009)

In this paper we exploit the benefits of microwave-assisted functionalization of carbon nanohorns (CNHs). Using Bingel reaction conditions we have successfully incorporated malonyl moieties in CNHs. The resulting hybrid materials were characterized by diverse and complementary analytical techniques, including Raman, UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, while electrochemistry was employed to determine possible variations in the energy levels when photoactive units were grafted onto the skeleton of CNHs.
The Design of the Saguaro Distributed Operating System (1987)

This paper describes the design of the Saguaro operating system for computers connected by a local-area network. Systems constructed on such an architecture have the potential advantages of concurrency and robustness. In Saguaro, these advantages are made available to the user through several mechanisms. One is channels, an interprocess communication and synchronization facility that allows the input and output of different commands to be connected to form general graphs of communicating processes. Two additional mechanisms are provided to support semitransparent file replication and access: reproduction sets and metafiles. A reproduction set is a collection of files that the system attempts to keep identical on a "best effort" basis. A metafile is a special file that contains symbolic pathnames of other files; when a metafile is opened, the system selects an available constituent file and opens it instead. The advantages of concurrency and robustness are also realized at the system level by the use of pools of server processes and decentralized allocation protocols. Saguaro also makes extensive use of a type system to describe user data such as files and to specify the types of arguments to commands and procedures. This enables the system to assist in type checking and leads to a user interface in which command-specific templates are available to facilitate command invocation.