gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cinética de degradación y mineralización del colorante Rojo Amaranto por medio de la fotocatálisis con luz solar (2005)

Introduction: Oxidation sensitized with TiO2 and sunlight, is a technique that can be used as a water purification†system, especially on the treatment of liquid industrial wastes in which the content of synthetic toxic compounds are difficult to be eliminated by other conventional ways. Objective: To determine the kinetics of degradation and mineralization of the amaranth red dye contained in water during the photocatalysis process with titanium dioxide, using a parabolic cylinder sunlight collector. Materials and Methods: To determine the kinetics of degradation and mineralization of the
A Major Facilitator Superfamily Peptide Transporter From Fusarium oxysporum Influences Bioethanol Production From Lignocellulosic Material (2019)

<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> is a leading microbial agent in the emerging consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) industry owing to its capability to infiltrate the plant's lignin barrier and degrade complex carbohydrates to value-added chemicals such as bioethanol in a single step. Membrane transport of nutrients is a key factor in successful microbial colonization of host tissue. This study assessed the impact of a peptide transporter on <i>F. oxysporum's</i> ability to convert lignocellulosic straw to ethanol. We characterized a novel <i>F. oxysporum</i> peptide transporter (<i>FoPTR2</i>) of the dipeptide/tripeptide transporter (PTR) class. <i>FoPTR2</i> represents a novel transporter with high homology to the <i>Trichoderma sp.</i> peptide transporters <i>ThPTR2</i> and <i>TrEST-AO793</i>. Its expression level was highly activated in nitrogen-poor environments, which is a characteristic of PTR class peptide transporters. Overexpression and post-translational gene silencing of the <i>FoPTR2</i> in <i>F. oxysporum</i> affected the peptide transport capacity and ethanol yielded from a both a wheat straw/bran mix and glucose. Thus, we conclude that it <i>FoPTR2</i> plays a role in the nutrient acquisition system of <i>F. oxysporum</i> which serves to not only enhance fungal fitness but also CBP efficacy.
Self‐Powered Trace Memorization by Conjunction of Contact‐Electrification and Ferroelectricity (2014)

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a newly invented technology that can effectively harvest ambient mechanical energy from various motions with promising applications in portable electronics, self‐powered sensor networks, etc. Here, by coupling TENG and a thin film of ferroelectric polymer, a new application is designed for TENG as a self‐powered memory system for recording a mechanical displacement/trace. The output voltage produced by the TENG during motion can polarize the dipole moments in the ferroelectric thin film. Later, by applying a displacement current measurement to detect the polarization density in the ferroelectric film, the motion information of the TENG can be directly read. The sliding TENG and the single‐electrode TENG matrix are both utilized for realizing the memorization of the motion trace in one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional space, respectively. Currently, the ferroelectric thin film with a size of 3.1 mm 2 can record a minimum area changing of 30 mm 2 and such resolution can still be possibly improved. These results prove that the ferroelectric polymer is an effective memory material to work together with TENG and thereby the fabricated memory system can potentially be used as a self‐powered displacement monitor.
Insight into crystallization process of rubrene by binary solvent mixtures (2015)

Rubrene crystals have been prepared by properly tuning the blend ratio and evaporation rate of the high-boiling-point solvent.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Detection of Carriers with DNA Probes in Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (1987)

We performed genetic analyses for the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and detection of the carrier state in five families with seven pregnancies at risk for the disease. As genetic markers for the disorder, we used DNA-sequence polymorphisms detected with 12 different DNA probes derived from the vicinity of the Duchenne's muscular dystrophy locus or from within the gene, on the X chromosome. One male fetus of a proved carrier mother was predicted to be unaffected, and this was confirmed after birth. Another male fetus was predicted to be unaffected (probability, 95 percent or greater), although a crossover event had been identified in a region of the X chromosome thought to be distal to the Duchenne gene. Unfortunately, an elevated serum creatine kinase level after birth indicated that the infant had inherited the Duchenne mutation. Three male fetuses predicted to be affected with 66 percent or 95 percent probabilities were aborted, and the presence of the DNA-marker alleles was confirmed in fetal tissues. In one family, in which the maternal grandparents were unavailable, the initial genetic interpretation had to be revised after a second male fetus was analyzed with intragenic probes. Our experience suggests that despite the large number of intragenic and flanking DNA polymorphisms available, uncertainties often remain in the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Pitfalls are presented by the large size of the region in which Duchenne's mutations can occur. Crossover events in this region, which result in an exchange of DNA between two X chromosomes, can render DNA-marker studies inaccurate. Also, an autosomal recessive mutation can produce the same clinical picture.
Indications for Open Surgical Removal of Airway Foreign Bodies (1993)

Airway foreign bodies can usually be extracted by skillful application of endoscopic techniques. We report our experience in the management of 2 infants in whom sharp, pointed objects dictated consideration for an open surgical approach. Clinical presentation and treatment options will be discussed in the successful management of these 2 patients, one with a crab claw in the subglottis and the other with an electronic diode in the lung. Extensive training and a full complement of modern instruments are required, but in highly selected cases, an open surgical procedure entails less risk than endoscopic extraction.
Temperature dependence of AC losses in CVD-prepared Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Ge (1977)

Hysteretic losses have been measured as a function of temperature from 4 to 20 K in bulk samples of CVD prepared Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Ge. The measurements have been performed on samples which contained differing amounts of second phase Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and which have been subjected to various surface treatments. Losses at 50 Hz and 500 rms A/cm have been determined to be as low as 0.2 μW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 4 K and 12.7 μW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 12 K in samples containing a small per cent of second phase and whose surfaces have been both mechanically polished and chemically etched. From measurements of the hysteretic power loss, the temperature dependence of the critical current density J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (T) can be determined by assuming a Bean-London type critical state model in the high current regime. It is found that J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (T) = J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (0)[1-(T/T* <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ] best describes the data over the range 4 K to T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> *. At low values of induced current, substantial surface shielding Δσ is observed in samples which have been polished and etched. Δσ has been measured to be as large as 450 rms A/cm at 4.0 K.
A Transient Current Vector Potential to Consider the Rotor Excitation of Synchronous Machines Under Short Circuit Condition (2015)

This paper presents a method to approximately take account of the rotor excitation field of a synchronous machine under maximum aperiodic short-circuit condition using an impressed current vector potential in a 3-D transient finite-element analysis. The method is applied to compute end-region phenomena like end-winding forces or eddy current losses in conducting machine parts where the effects of the rotor excitation field cannot be neglected. A complex 3-D geometry model, the numerical method, and the computation results like end-winding forces are presented. The transient analysis of the electromagnetic field has been performed using the T, Φ-Φ formulation solved with an in-house software.
Polyester–Polydopamine Copolymers for Intravitreal Drug Delivery: Role of Polydopamine Drug-Binding Properties in Extending Drug Release (2022)

This work reports on a novel polyester copolymer containing poly(dopamine), a synthetic analogue of natural melanin, evaluated in a sustained-release drug delivery system for ocular intravitreal administration of drugs. More specifically, a graft copolymer of poly(ε-caprolactone)-<i>graft</i>-poly(dopamine) (PCL-<i>g</i>-PDA) has been synthesized and was shown to further extend the drug release benefits of state-of-the-art biodegradable intravitreal implants composed of poly(lactide) and poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide). The innovative biomaterial combines the documented drug-binding properties of melanin naturally present in the eye, with the established ocular tolerability and biodegradation of polyester implants. The PCL-<i>g</i>-PDA copolymer was obtained by a two-step modification of PCL with a final PDA content of around 2-3 wt % and was fully characterized by size exclusion chromatography, NMR, and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy. The thermoplastic nature of PCL-<i>g</i>-PDA allowed its simple processing by hot-melt compression molding to prepare small implants. The properties of unmodified PCL and PCL-<i>g</i>-PDA implants were studied and compared in terms of thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry), thermal stability (thermogravimetry analysis), degradability, and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity. PCL and PCL-<i>g</i>-PDA implants exhibited similar degradation properties <i>in vitro</i> and were both stable under physiological conditions over 110 days. Likewise, both materials were non-cytotoxic toward L929 and ARPE-19 cells. The drug loading and <i>in vitro</i> release properties of the new materials were investigated with dexamethasone (DEX) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) as representative drugs featuring low and high melanin-binding affinities, respectively. In comparison to unmodified PCL, PCL-<i>g</i>-PDA implants showed a significant extension of drug release, most likely because of specific drug-catechol interaction with the PDA moieties of the copolymer. The present study confirms the advantages of designing PDA-containing polyesters as a class of biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastics that can modulate and remarkably extend the drug release kinetics thanks to their unique drug-binding properties, especially, but not limited to, for ocular applications.
Harnessing the Power of Infinitely Wide Deep Nets on Small-data Tasks (2019)

Recent research shows that the following two models are equivalent: (a) infinitely wide neural networks (NNs) trained under l2 loss by gradient descent with infinitesimally small learning rate (b) kernel regression with respect to so-called Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) (Jacot et al., 2018). An efficient algorithm to compute the NTK, as well as its convolutional counterparts, appears in Arora et al. (2019a), which allowed studying performance of infinitely wide nets on datasets like CIFAR-10. However, super-quadratic running time of kernel methods makes them best suited for small-data tasks. We report results suggesting neural tangent kernels perform strongly on low-data tasks. 1. On a standard testbed of classification/regression tasks from the UCI database, NTK SVM beats the previous gold standard, Random Forests (RF), and also the corresponding finite nets. 2. On CIFAR-10 with 10 - 640 training samples, Convolutional NTK consistently beats ResNet-34 by 1% - 3%. 3. On VOC07 testbed for few-shot image classification tasks on ImageNet with transfer learning (Goyal et al., 2019), replacing the linear SVM currently used with a Convolutional NTK SVM consistently improves performance. 4. Comparing the performance of NTK with the finite-width net it was derived from, NTK behavior starts at lower net widths than suggested by theoretical analysis(Arora et al., 2019a). NTK's efficacy may trace to lower variance of output.
Ordered Gelation of Chemically Converted Graphene for Next‐Generation Electroconductive Hydrogel Films (2011)

Modifiziertes Graphen kann sich an der Flüssig-fest-Grenzfläche in einen ausgerichteten leitfähigen Hydrogelfilm zusammenlagern. Dieser ungewöhnliche Prozess führt zu neuartigen Hydrogelen mit hoher elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, außergewöhnlicher mechanischer Stärke und Elastizität sowie anisotropem Antwortverhalten. Maßstab: 1 μm.
Mechanical Blood Trauma in Assisted Circulation: Sublethal RBC Damage Preceding Hemolysis (2016)

After many decades of improvements in mechanical circulatory assist devices (CADs), blood damage remains a serious problem during support contributing to variety of adverse events, and consequently affecting patient survival and quality of life. The mechanisms of cumulative cell damage in continuous-flow blood pumps are still not fully understood despite numerous in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies of blood trauma. Previous investigations have almost exclusively focused on lethal blood damage, namely hemolysis, which is typically negligible during normal operation of current generation CADs. The measurement of plasma free hemoglobin (plfHb) concentration to characterize hemolysis is straightforward, however sublethal trauma is more difficult to detect and quantify since no simple direct test exists. Similarly, while multiple studies have focused on thrombosis within blood pumps and accessories, sublethal blood trauma and its sequelae have yet to be adequately documented or characterized. This review summarizes the current understanding of sublethal trauma to red blood cells (RBCs) produced by exposure of blood to flow parameters and conditions similar to those within CADs. It also suggests potential strategies to reduce and/or prevent RBC sublethal damage in a clinically-relevant context, and encourages new research into this relatively uncharted territory.
Blood flow, oxygen tension and capillary density in electrically pre-stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle – evaluations to enhance efficacy of indirect myocard revascularization and muscular blood pumps (2007)

Aims: Applying skeletal muscle in cardiac surgery, enhanced muscular blood flow, oxygen tension and capillary density determines on success of indirect myocardial revascularization and muscular blood pumps. Electrical pre-stimulation is supposed to improve these parameters.
Synergistic inhibition of the intrinsic factor X activation by protein S and C4b-binding protein (1995)

The complement protein C4b-binding protein plays an important role in the regulation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. C4b-binding protein can bind to protein S, thereby inhibiting the cofactor activity of protein S for activated protein C. In this report, we describe a new role for C4b-binding protein in coagulation. We observed inhibition of the intrinsic factor X activating reaction by the complex of C4b-binding protein and protein S. At the plasma concentration of protein S, the factor X activation was inhibited for 50% and addition of C4b-binding protein led to a potentiation of the inhibition to almost 90%. Because C4b-binding protein alone had no effect on the activation of factor X, we hypothesized that binding of C4b-binding protein to protein S was a prerequisite for optimal inhibition of factor X activation. C4b-binding protein lacking the beta-chain, which is unable to bind to protein S, did not potentiate the inhibitory effect of protein S. In an earlier study, we observed that C4b-binding protein increased the binding affinity of protein S for factor VIII. Therefore, a possible interaction of C4b-binding protein with factor VIII was investigated. C4b-binding protein bound to factor VIII and to thrombin activated factor VIII in a saturable and specific way. Also, factor VIII in complex with von Willebrand factor was able to bind C4b-binding protein. The beta-chain of C4b-binding protein was not required for the interaction with factor VIII because C4b-binding protein lacking the beta-chain also bound to factor VIII. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha-chain of C4b-binding protein inhibited the binding to factor VIII, whereas monoclonal antibodies directed against the beta-chain had no effect on the binding to factor VIII. This finding indicates that the binding site for factor VIII on C4b-binding protein is localized on the alpha-chains of C4b-binding protein. The potentiation by C4b-binding protein of the inhibition of the factor X activation by protein S was blocked by a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha-chain of C4b-binding protein. This finding indicates that the potentiation of the inhibitory effect of protein S was mediated via an interaction of C4b-binding protein with factor VIII. C4b-binding protein did not bind to factor V and was not able to potentiate the inhibitory effect of protein S on prothrombinase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Tailored mechanosensitive nanogels release drugs upon exposure to different levels of stenosis (2022)

Owing to the unhealthy lifestyle and genetic susceptibility of today's population, atherosclerosis is one of the global leading causes of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Although a rapid intervention is required for severe blood vessel constrictions, a systemic administration of anticoagulant drugs is not the preferred method of choice as the associated risk of bleeding complications is high. In this study, we present mechanosensitive nanogels that exhibit tunable degrees of disintegration upon exposure to different levels of stenosis. Those nanogels can be further functionalized to encapsulate charged drug molecules such as heparin, and they efficiently release their cargo when passing stenotic constrictions; however, passive drug leakage in the absence of mechanical shear stress is very low. Furthermore, heparin molecules liberated from those mechanosensitive nanogels show a similar blood clot lysis efficiency as the free drug molecules, which demonstrates that drug encapsulation into those nanogels does not interfere with the functionality of the cargo. Thus, the hemocompatible and mechanoresponsive nanogels developed here represent a smart and efficient drug delivery platform that can offer safer solutions for vascular therapy.
Numerical Simulation of Bubble Dynamics in Deformable Vessels (2011)

The growth and collapse of cavitation bubbles has been implicated as a potential damage mechanism leading to the rupture of blood vessels in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) [Bailey et al., in The Fifth International Symposium on Cavitation, Osaka, Japan (2003)]. While this phenomenon has been investigated numerically, the resulting simulations have often assumed some degree of symmetry and have often failed to include a large number of influential physics, such as viscosity, compressibility, surface tension, phase change, and fluid‐structure interactions (FSI). We present here our efforts to explore the role that cavitation bubbles play in the rupture of blood vessels in SWL and to improve upon the current state of the numerical approach. We have developed a 3‐D, high‐order accurate, shock‐ and interface‐capturing, multicomponent flow algorithm that accounts for the effects of surface tension and FSI. The preliminary results for the case of a bubble collapse, induced by a shock wave lithotripter pulse and occurring inside a deformable vessel, are presented.
Design and Application of a Novel HT/HP "Stirred Reactor" Test Rig To Study Scale Formation and Control (2005)

Abstract In several HT/HP production environments severe downhole carbonate scale is often anticipated. Moreover, the high temperature means that reaction kinetics are very rapid and therefore the propensity for scale formation remains high even at moderate levels of oversaturation. However, a number of limitations are recognised when assessing the scale risks associated with such production conditions. This includes; uncertainties regarding the initial FW composition, accuracy of scale prediction tools and the application of conventional laboratory test procedures under these conditions. This paper describes the use of a novel HT/HP stirred reactor test rig (400F &amp; 5,000 psi) designed to conduct in situ scaling experiments and allow equilibrium conditions to be established. The equipment is specially designed for the extraction and stabilisation of samples at or near tested conditions allowing the equilibrium brine composition to be determined under more representative HT/HP conditions. Initial results presented in this paper describe the commissioning and validation of the experimental design including the use of tracers to ensure effective transfer and collection of fluids from the reaction vessel. Results are then presented to determine the equilibrium saturation state of a particular field brine starting from the supplied water composition. In summary equilibrium saturation tests conducted at 340F and pressures between 200 psi and 5,000 psi showed significant quantities of carbonate scale (both barium and calcium carbonate) precipitating from solution, indicating a potential uncertainty in the original brine composition. In summary, the data generated allows equilibrium saturation levels to be determined under HT/HP conditions allowing uncertainties in the water composition to be assessed. The determined saturation levels are also directly correlated with dynamic tube blocking tests and scale prediction tools. The data can therefore be used to further tune predictive modelling capabilities under these more extreme (HT/HP and high salinity) conditions.