gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Reaction of NO2on Hexane Soot:  A Knudsen Cell and FT-IR Study (2000)

In this study, the reaction of NO2 on freshly prepared hexane soot has been studied using a Knudsen cell reactor and FT-IR spectroscopy. Initial uptake coefficients were determined using gas-diffusion models that account for the surface area of the top layer of soot particles as well as the accessible underlying layers of soot particles. Under dry conditions, the initial uptake coefficient was found to be near 5 × 10-5 at a gas concentration of 2.5 × 1011 molecules cm-3 and a temperature of 295 K. In addition to reporting an initial uptake coefficient, uptake coefficients averaged over time and/or coverage are reported so as to compare to other values in the literature. Accounting for the increased surface area due to the underlying layers of soot particles, there is better agreement between the value of the uptake coefficient reported here using a Knudsen cell reactor and values determined from other experimental methods. The total amount of NO2 reacted per unit surface area of soot and the conversion of NO2 to HONO have been quantified. From these data, the atmospheric implication of the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on soot particles to form HONO is discussed.
Spray‐Cast Multilayer Organometal Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in Air (2016)

Spray‐coating is a versatile coating technique that can be used to deposit functional films over large areas at speed. Here, spray‐coating is used to fabricate inverted perovskite solar cell devices in which all of the solution‐processible layers (PEDOT:PSS, perovskite, and PCBM) are deposited by ultrasonic spray‐casting in air. Using such techniques, all‐spray‐cast devices having a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.9% are fabricated. Such performance compares favorably with reference devices spin‐cast under a nitrogen atmosphere that has a champion PCE of 12.8%. Losses in device efficiency are ascribed to lower surface coverage and reduced uniformity of the spray‐cast perovskite layer.
Yttria-Fully Stabilized Zirconia Environmental Barrier Coatings for All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites Fabricated by RF-Magnetron Sputtering (2005)

All-oxide ceramic matrix composites are developed at DLR for various high-temperature applications, with special focus on thermal protection systems for advanced gas turbines. These alumina/mullite-based composites (“WHIPOX”, wound highly porous oxide) are inherently oxidation resistant, however high-temperature corrosion by combustion products, mainly water vapor and molten salts, must be prevented by employing additional environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). Zirconia (ZrO2) exhibits a superior stability against such high-temperature corrosion as compared to most refractory oxides. Therefore, in conjunction with its thermodynamic stability to alumina and mullite, zirconia is one of the most promising EBC materials for WHIPOX-type CMCs. &#13;\nYttria-fully stabilized zirconia (Y-FSZ) coatings were deposited on WHIPOX-type CMCs by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. As-sputtered Y-FSZ coatings are characterized by very fine-grained, narrow-standing columns which are the result of a high nucleation density in the early stages of deposition and a low deposition velocity. Upon subsequent heat-treatment, this microstructure is transformed to a homogeneous and virtually dense Y-FSZ layer. For successful deposition of thin and uniform FSZ-coatings on WHIPOX-type CMCs the application of suitable bond-coats is mandatory. Performance of magnetron-sputtered Y-FSZ EBCs in combustion environments is discussed in comparison to zirconia coatings produced by thermal spraying and electron-beam physical vapour deposition.&#13;\n
Learning about individuals' health from aggregate data (2017)

There is growing awareness that user-generated social media content contains valuable health-related information and is more convenient to collect than typical health data. For example, Twitter has been employed to predict aggregate-level outcomes, such as regional rates of diabetes and child poverty, and to identify individual cases of depression and food poisoning. Models which make aggregate-level inferences can be induced from aggregate data, and consequently are straightforward to build. In contrast, learning models that produce individual-level (IL) predictions, which are more informative, usually requires a large number of difficult-to-acquire labeled IL examples. This paper presents a new machine learning method which achieves the best of both worlds, enabling IL models to be learned from aggregate labels. The algorithm makes predictions by combining unsupervised feature extraction, aggregate-based modeling, and optimal integration of aggregate-level and IL information. Two case studies illustrate how to learn health-relevant IL prediction models using only aggregate labels, and show that these models perform as well as state-of-the-art models trained on hundreds or thousands of labeled individuals.
Motor control theories and their applications. (2010)

We describe several influential hypotheses in the field of motor control including the equilibrium-point (referent configuration) hypothesis, the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis, and the idea of synergies based on the principle of motor abundance. The equilibrium-point hypothesis is based on the idea of control with thresholds for activation of neuronal pools; it provides a framework for analysis of both voluntary and involuntary movements. In particular, control of a single muscle can be adequately described with changes in the threshold of motor unit recruitment during slow muscle stretch (threshold of the tonic stretch reflex). Unlike the ideas of internal models, the equilibrium-point hypothesis does not assume neural computations of mechanical variables. The uncontrolled manifold hypothesis is based on the dynamic system approach to movements; it offers a toolbox to analyze synergic changes within redundant sets of elements related to stabilization of potentially important performance variables. The referent configuration hypothesis and the principle of abundance can be naturally combined into a single coherent scheme of control of multi-element systems. A body of experimental data on healthy persons and patients with movement disorders are reviewed in support of the mentioned hypotheses. In particular, movement disorders associated with spasticity are considered as consequences of an impaired ability to shift threshold of the tonic stretch reflex within the whole normal range. Technical details and applications of the mentioned hypo-theses to studies of motor learning are described. We view the mentioned hypotheses as the most promising ones in the field of motor control, based on a solid physical and neurophysiological foundation.
Femtosecond harmonic mode-locking of a fiber laser at 327 GHz using a bulk-like, MoSe_2-based saturable absorber (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate the use of a bulk-like, MoSe<sub>2</sub>-based saturable absorber (SA) as a passive harmonic mode-locker for the production of femtosecond pulses from a fiber laser at a repetition rate of 3.27 GHz. By incorporating a bulk-like, MoSe<sub>2</sub>/PVA-composite-deposited side-polished fiber as an SA within an erbium-doped-fiber-ring cavity, mode-locked pulses with a temporal width of 737 fs to 798 fs can be readily obtained at various harmonic frequencies. The fundamental resonance frequency and the maximum harmonic-resonance frequency are 15.38 MHz and 3.27 GHz (212th harmonic), respectively. The temporal and spectral characteristics of the output pulses are systematically investigated as a function of the pump power. The output pulses exhibited Gaussian-temporal shapes irrespective of the harmonic order, and even when their spectra possessed hyperbolic-secant shapes. The saturable absorption and harmonic-mode-locking performance of our prepared SA are compared with those of previously demonstrated SAs that are based on other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To the best of the authors' knowledge, the repetition rate of 3.27 GHz is the highest frequency that has ever been demonstrated regarding the production of femtosecond pulses from a fiber laser that is based on SA-induced passive harmonic mode-locking.
A new single asymmetric error correcting code of length 19 (2002)

A new code capable of correcting a single asymmetric error is proposed. This code is of length 19 and has 28142 codewords, improving the best known code by 110 code words.
What Racial Equality Means to the Negro (1924)

Journal Article What Racial Equality Means to the Negro Get access Andrew Ralston Andrew Ralston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 2, Issue 5, September 1924, Pages 706–712, https://doi.org/10.2307/3006216 Published: 01 September 1924
Reproducibility of quantitative analysis of aortic 4D flow data (2013)

Background 3D cine phase-contrast CMR (4D Flow”) permits quantitative assessment of anomalous alterations of aortic blood flow. Two hemodynamic parameters that have been used for this purpose is the wall shear stress (WSS), which is known to regulate endothelial cell function, and the normalized flow displacement from the vessel center, which was recently shown to correlate with increased growth rates of ascending aortic dilation [1,2]. Analysis of these hemodynamic parameters requires that a user 1) positions a 2D plane of interest in the volumetric 4D Flow dataset and 2) delineates the contour of the vascular lumen in this 2D plane. We set out to assess the reproducibility of 4D Flow-based estimation of WSS and normalized flow displacement at these two critical levels of user-interaction. Furthermore, we assessed which of the parameters correlate best with aortic growth.
Transported Enzymes in Sciatic Nerve and Sensory Ganglia of Rats Exposed to Maternal Antibodies Against Nerve Growth Factor (1981)

The accumulations by axoplasmic transport of selected enzyme activities proximal and distal to a ligature placed on the sciatic nerve were monitored in rats exposed in utero to maternal antibodies to nerve growth factor (NGF) and in control rats. Littermates of the animals exposed to anti-NGF were shown elsewhere to have had a 70% reduction in the number of sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and a 90% reduction in number of neurons in superior cervical (sympathetic) ganglion. The accumulation of F(-)-sensitive acid phosphatase activity was depressed 75% both proximal and distal to the tie. Accumulation of F(-)-resistant acid phosphatase activity was depressed nearly 50% proximal to the tie. Distal accumulation of this activity did not occur in either group of rats. Accumulation of acetylcholinesterase activity was depressed 30%. Distal accumulation of the activities of beta-glucuronidase and hexokinase was depressed 50%. In the lumbar dorsal root ganglia, dry weight was reduced 40%, and the activities of peroxide-sensitive, F(-)-resistant acid phosphatase and of the mitochondrial enzymes hexokinase, glutamic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and NAD-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase were all reduced a little more, 45--50% per ganglion. However, the activities of the lysosomal enzymes, F(-)-sensitive acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, of the peroxide-resistant, F(-)-resistant acid phosphatase, and of the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase were all reduced about 60% per ganglion. The results of these measurements were interpreted to suggest that much, and perhaps all, of the F(-)-sensitive acid phosphatase activity in motion in peripheral nerve in rat is confined to sensory axons.
Periodical plasma structures controlled by external magnetic field (2016)

Periodical structures in propulsion type magnetized plasma are detected both in kinetic simulations and laboratory experiment. Stationary two-dimensional double layers with a several potential steps appear both parallel and across (more pronounced) the magnetic field. The double layers are weak with a potential jump much smaller than the electron temperature. The electrical current is found to be stratified and aligned with magnetic field vector. The channels of current flow coincide with the ridges of the plasma density.
THE AFFINITY OF HYDROHALIC ACIDS FOR TRI-n-OCTYLAMINE (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE AFFINITY OF HYDROHALIC ACIDS FOR TRI-n-OCTYLAMINEArchie S. Wilson and Ned A. WogmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 8, 1552–1554Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100814a513https://doi.org/10.1021/j100814a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Likelihood Function for QRM-MLD Suitable for Soft-Decision Turbo Decoding and Its Performance for OFCDM MIMO Multiplexing in Multipath Fading Channel (2005)

This paper proposes likelihood function generation of complexity-reduced Maximum Likelihood Detection with QR Decomposition and M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) suitable for soft-decision Turbo decoding and investigates the throughput performance using QRM-MLD with the proposed likelihood function in multipath Rayleigh fading channels for Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing. Simulation results show that by using the proposed likelihood function generation scheme for soft-decision Turbo decoding following QRM-MLD in 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, the required average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E b /N 0 ) at the average block error rate (BLER) of 10 -2 at a 1-Gbps data rate is significantly reduced compared to that using hard-decision decoding in OFCDM access with 16 QAM modulation, the coding rate of 8/9, and 8-code multiplexing with a spreading factor of 8 assuming a 100-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, we show that by employing QRM-MLD associated with soft-decision Turbo decoding for 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, the throughput values of 500 Mbps and 1 Gbps are achieved at the average received E b /N 0 of approximately 4.5 and 9.3 dB by QPSK with the coding rate of R= 8/9 and 16QAM with R = 8/9, respectively, for OFCDM access assuming a 100-MHz bandwidth in a twelve-path Rayleigh fading channel.
Fecal Transplant in Children With Clostridioides difficile Gives Sustained Reduction in Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Pathogen Burden (2019)

FMT for CDI in children decreases AMR genes and potential pathogens and changes microbiota composition and function. However, acquisition of certain AMR genes post-FMT combined with low levels of potential pathogens found in donors suggests that further study is warranted regarding screening donors using metagenomics sequencing before FMT.
Multilevel Secrecy over 1-2-1 Networks (2021)

This paper studies the problem of secure communication over noiseless 1-2-1 networks, an abstract model for networks with directional communication capabilities such as mmWave networks. A secure transmission scheme is designed and shown to achieve a secure rate that is larger than state-of-the-art lower bounds for a class of 1-2-1 network topologies. The proposed scheme leverages the scheduling nature of 1-2-1 networks, the network topology, as well as storage at intermediate nodes to create shared randomness with the source to improve the secure rate. Finally, a novel outer bound is derived and shown to match the achievability bound under certain network conditions, hence characterizing the secure capacity in such regimes.
A Correlator Chip for Spaceborne Radiometry (2000)

Summary The S2000S128C is a digital correlation spectrometer comprisin g a digitizer and an autocorrelator on a single chip. The digitizer is used in conversion of noise-like signals to 2bit/4-level digital signal. The S2000CS128 is provided with 4 frequency counters which contain information necessary for auto-calibration of the di g itizer. The di g itizer includes 16-bit DACs used to set the threshold voltages for comparators durin g auto-calibration by a computer software. The computer is connected to the di g itizer through a serial interface. The auto-correlator calculates 128 points of the correlation function of tw o digitized signals. The spectrometer employs a 4-level quantization scheme with weighting factors of (-3,-1,4-1,4-3) and a modified 2x2 bit multiplication table to achieve a sensitivity of 87%. The S2000S128C uses parallel processing with a time multiplexing factor of 2 to achieve an effective signal bandwidth of 2 GHz at a clock frequency of only 2 GHz. Each lag comprises a 2x2 bit multiplier, a 4-bit accumulator, a 32-bit counter, and a 32-bit buffer shift register. Several chips can be cascaded to construct spectrometers with more than 128 lags. The chip is powered from a 1.8 V supply and dissipates 4.5 W at a sampling frequency of 2 GHz
Strategies for the Development of Photodynamic Sensitizers (1995)

Abstract: The use of light activated dyes in photomedicine offers the potential to administer to patients an inert compound which can be selectively activated by photoirradiation. Such a process allows for unique control of the photochemotherapeutic process, using techniques to enhance drug targeting and/or selective irradiation of target tissues. Substantial progress has been made iri recent years in developing biologically compatible photosensitizers and in understanding their mechanisms of action. In one field of photcimedicine called Photodynamic Therapy, excitation of the sensitizer leads to the generation of activated oxygen species which then oxidize biological .substrates such as protein and lipids. Since different sensitizers localize in different cell types and in differe-nt subcellular organelles, the mechanisms of cell necrosis may differ. Current research is aimed at better understanding the parameters responsible for these properties of photosensitizers and in expanding the disease indications to which phototherapy can be applied.
Compliance effects on small diameter polyurethane graft patency (1993)

Microporous compliance matched and noncompliant grafts were compared in a dog carotid artery interposition model. We fabricated 4 mm diameter sponge type polyurethane (Biomer) tubes 5 cm in length with a 0.5 mm wall thickness. The luminal surface was covered with a 50 microns coating of cross-linked gelatin. Compliance was measured in vitro and in vivo by volume and vessel diameter changes. Over a mean arterial pressure range of 55-155 mm Hg, the diameter changes of grafts and stump arteries were measured in situ using an ultrasonic Hokanson device. Compliance matched grafts were found to have the same in vitro compliance values as the natural canine carotid at a mean arterial pressure of 100 mm Hg. Compliance matched and noncompliant grafts had values of 10.3 +/- 1.3 and 0.9 +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) mm Hg, respectively. End to end arterial anastomoses were constructed between the graft and the host arteries. The use of synthetic grafts with matched compliance to the adjacent natural vessels has been advocated as the ideal solution to circumvent the problems of graft failure. These studies indicate that compliance values for compliance matched grafts decreased immediately after implantation (from 10.3 to 6.5 x 10(-2) %/mm Hg) and within 6 weeks decreased to 3.6 x 10(-2) %/mm Hg. The compliance values for noncompliant grafts remained constant throughout the test period. At autopsy all grafts showed a tightly adhered tissue capsule. The thickness of the anastomotic hyperplasia at the distal sites of compliance matched grafts was significantly different (P < .05) than that of the adjacent artery. The patency for compliant and noncompliant grafts was 64% and 50%, respectively. Evidence for polyurethane graft degradation was obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography analysis of patent explants. Compliance mismatch alone does not contribute to graft failure, however, material degradation, suture technique and/or capsule formation can play a contributory role although these were not tested directly.
Point: Yes, It Is Necessary to Rely Entirely on Glycemic Values for the Insulin Treatment of All Gestational Diabetic Women (2003)

The goal of therapy for gestational diabetic women is to have the outcome of pregnancy as perfect as possible. Therapeutic decisions should be designed to decrease the morbidity and mortality for the mother and the fetus. Until there is a proven test to identify the pregnancies at risk for untoward outcome, then all women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) need to perform self-blood glucose monitoring to guide the treatment decisions about insulin therapy.

Maternal mortality is no longer an issue given the levels of control achieved in most healthcare settings; however, maternal morbidity is still at a higher rate if the pregnancy is terminated by cesarean section. Thus, our treatment goals also need to be directed toward decreasing the cesarean section rate. Unfortunately, the mere label of “gestational diabetes” has increased the cesarean section rate (2). However, when the criteria for performing a cesarean section have been based solely on fetal size and degree of maternal hyperglycemia (3), the cesarean section rate has been brought down to that seen in the general population.

The literature also supports the opinion that there is a need to rely on maternal glucose levels in order to achieve the best outcome for the infant. Langer et al. (4) tested the hypothesis that stringent glycemic control, verified glucose data, adherence to an established criterion for insulin initiation, and achievement of near normoglycemia resulted in the reduction of adverse outcomes. Their intensified management group had rates of macrosomia, cesarean section, metabolic complications, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit days, and respiratory complications that were lower than the rates in a group of GDM …
Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Structurally Modified Bioactive RNAs (2013)

Methods for the chemical synthesis of RNA have been available for almost half century, and presently, RNA could be chemically synthesized by automated synthesizers, using protected ribonucleosides preactivated as phosphoramidites, which has already been covered by many reviews. In addition to advancement on synthetic methods, a variety of modifications have also been made on the synthesized oligonucleotides, and previous reviews on the general synthesis of RNAs have not covered this area. In this tutorial review, three types of modifications have been summarized standing at the viewpoint of medicinal chemistry: (1) modifications on nucleobase, comprising substituent introduction and replacement with pseudobase; (2) modifications on ribose, consisting of modifications on the 2', 3' or 5'-position, alternation of configuration, and conformational restriction on ribose; (3) modifications on internucleoside linkages, including amide, formacetal, sulfide, sulfone, ether, phosphorothiolate and phosphorothioate linkages. Synthetic methods achieving these modifications along with the functions or values of these modifications have also been discussed and commented on.