gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meningococcal Meningitis: Unprecedented Incidence of Serogroup X--Related Cases in 2006 in Niger (2007)

This is, to our knowledge, the first report of such a high incidence of NmX meningitis, although an unusually high incidence of NmX meningitis was also observed in the 1990s in Niamey. The increasing incidence of NmX meningitis is worrisome, because no vaccine has been developed against this serogroup. Countries in the African meningitis belt must prepare to face this potential new challenge.
Correspondence between rates of host plant consumption and responses to the Acalymma vittatum male‐produced aggregation pheromone (2002)

Abstract In field studies, wind‐directed traps were used to investigate the resource‐based properties of the male‐produced aggregation pheromone of Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Responses to early season overwintered field‐collected male A. vittatum without food were compared with those feeding on pollen, and in turn these were compared with those feeding on cucurbit seedlings. These comparisons were modelled after transitions as they would occur at the initiation of A. vittatum host plant colonization. In another experiment, colony‐reared male A. vittatum that had been fed only near isogenic lines of potted cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) seedlings that either lacked or contained cucurbitacin were placed as bait in the traps. Using the inverse relationship, which is understood for A. vittatum , between previous exposure and the phagostimulant response to cucurbitacin, rates of foliage consumption could be manipulated. The interaction between relative rates of host plant consumption of the males used as lures and responses to the pheromone could thus be tested. The use of A. vittatum reared entirely without dietary cucurbitacin as bait also enabled evaluation of the potential role of cucurbitacin in pheromone biosynthesis. Trap responses were closely correlated with the rates of feeding of the beetles in the trap lures, but cucurbitacin was neither a precursor nor a prerequisite for the pheromone. Implications for early season field colonization and the adaptive significance of this pheromone are discussed.
Synthesis of High Density and Transparent Forsterite Ceramics Using Nano‐Sized Precursors and Their Dielectric Properties (2005)

Forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) ceramics were prepared using Mg(OH) 2 and SiO 2 as precursors, and the effect of powder characteristics of Mg(OH) 2 on calcination and sintering was investigated. The use of highly dispersed Mg(OH) 2 powder (HD powder) resulted in a lower calcination temperature. Forsterite powder of high homogeneity and small particle size prepared from the HD powder enabled synthesis of high‐density forsterite ceramics by ordinary sintering without applying external pressure. Moreover, transparent forsterite ceramics were successfully synthesized through addition of excess Mg to the precursors to compensate for Mg evaporated during the sintering process. Subsequent dielectric measurements revealed that the transparent forsterite ceramics had a very low dielectric loss (tan δ&lt;10 −4 ).
Radio-frequency power distribution measurement system using thin metamaterial absorber (2016)

A radio-frequency (RF) power distribution measurement system is developed. The 2-d distribution of an incident RF power is measured on the surface of a finite size metamaterial absorbers, which is designed to suppress undesired edge scattering. The system is evaluated by the measurement of an RF wave transmitted from a dipole antenna. The measured distributions of incident RF power are consistent with those obtained by EM simulations, demonstrating practical effectiveness of the technique to measure RF power distributions.
Four‐dimensional (4D) PET/CT imaging of the thorax (2004)

We have reported in our previous studies on the methodology, and feasibility of 4D-PET (Gated PET) acquisition, to reduce respiratory motion artifact in PET imaging of the thorax. In this study, we expand our investigation to address the problem of respiration motion in PET/CT imaging. The respiratory motion of four lung cancer patients were monitored by tracking external markers placed on the thorax. A 4D-CT acquisition was performed using a "step-and-shoot" technique, in which computed tomography (CT) projection data were acquired over a complete respiratory cycle at each couch position. The period of each CT acquisition segment was time stamped with an "x-ray ON" signal, which was recorded by the tracking system. 4D-CT data were then sorted into 10 groups, according to their corresponding phase of the breathing cycle. 4D-PET data were acquired in the gated mode, where each breathing cycle was divided into ten 0.5 s bins. For both CT and PET acquisitions, patients received audio prompting to regularize breathing. The 4D-CT and 4D-PET data were then correlated according to respiratory phase. The effect of 4D acquisition on improving the co-registration of PET and CT images, reducing motion smearing, and consequently increase the quantitation of the SUV, were investigated. Also, quantitation of the tumor motions in PET, and CT, were studied and compared. 4D-PET with matching phase 4D-CTAC showed an improved accuracy in PET-CT image co-registration of up to 41%, compared to measurements from 4D-PET with clinical-CTAC. Gating PET data in correlation with respiratory motion reduced motion-induced smearing, thereby decreasing the observed tumor volume, by as much as 43%. 4D-PET lesions volumes showed a maximum deviation of 19% between clinical CT and phase- matched 4D-CT attenuation corrected PET images. In CT, 4D acquisition resulted in increasing the tumor volume in two patients by up to 79%, and decreasing it in the other two by up to 35%. Consequently, these corrections have yielded an increase in the measured SUV by up to 16% over the clinical measured SUV, and 36% over SUV's measured in 4D-PET with clinical-CT Attenuation Correction (CTAC) SUV's. Quantitation of the maximum tumor motion amplitude, using 4D-PET and 4D-CT, showed up to 30% discrepancy between the two modalities. We have shown that 4D PET/CT is clinically a feasible method, to correct for respiratory motion artifacts in PET/CT imaging of the thorax. 4D PET/CT acquisition can reduce smearing, improve the accuracy in PET-CT co-registration, and increase the measured SUV. This should result in an improved tumor assessment for patients with lung malignancies.
Glycosaminoglycan Content of Small Intestinal Submucosa: A Bioscaffold for Tissue Replacement (1996)

Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a resorbable biomaterial that induces tissue remodeling when used as a xenogeneic tissue graft in animal models of vascular, urologic, dermatologic, neurologic, and orthopedic injury. Determination of the composition and structure of naturally occurring biomaterials such as SIS that promote tissue remodeling is necessary for the greater understanding of their role in wound healing. Since glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of extracellular matrix (ECM) and SIS is primarily an ECM-based material, studies were performed to identify the species of glycosaminoglycans present in SIS. Porcine SIS was chemically extracted and the extracts were analyzed for uronic acid. The extractable uronic acid content was determined to be 47.7 micromol/g (approximately 21 microg GAG/mg) of the dry weight of the SIS tissue. Using electrophoretic separation of GAGs on cellulose acetate membranes, hyaluronic acid, heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A, and dermatan sulfate were identified. Digestion of specific GAGs with selective enzymes confirmed the presence of these GAG species. Two GAGs common to other tissues with large basement membrane ECM components, keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate C, were not detected in the SIS extracts. Identification of specific GAGs in the composition of the ECM-rich SIS provides a starting point toward a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of this naturally occurring biomaterial with favorable in vivo tissue remodeling properties.
Néel and Brownian rotations in ferronematics (2010)

The magnetic Freedericksz transition was studied in the liquid crystal 4-(trans-4’-n-hexylcyclohexyl)-isothiocyanatobenzene (6CHBT) doped with spherical magnetite nanoparticles of different size (4.2 nm, 11.4 nm, 31.4 nm and 112.7 nm). The volume concentration of magnetic particles in prepared ferronematics was ϕ=2×10−4. The obtained results showed that doping with the magnetic particles with size smaller than the Shliomis size increases the threshold of the magnetic Freedericksz transition while in the case of doping with the magnetic particles with size larger than the Shliomis size a decrease of the threshold of the magnetic Freedericksz transition was observed. In the case of doping with magnetic particles with size comparable with the Shliomis size, both Néel and Brownian rotations are present, however, the Brownian rotation is dominant.
Planar array applicator for the non-invasive local hyperthermia system (2013)

The planar array applicator for the non-invasive local hyperthermia system is proposed. The 915 MHz modified dipole element is used for planar array. The phase of the E-field is calculated and provided for input phase of the each element of the planar array to deliver the electromagnetic energy to target depth. The SAR ratio between surface and target depth is enhanced from the single element and eqi-phase array. The SAR distribution is synthesized to have 43 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and 47 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C at target depth on temperature distribution.
Designing Efficient Reconfigurable Control Systems Using IEC61499 and Symbolic Model Checking (2018)

IEC 61499 provides a standardized approach for the development of distributed control systems. The standard introduces a component architecture, based on function blocks that are event-triggered components processing data and signals. However, it gives only limited support for the design of reconfigurable architectures. In particular, handling of several reconfiguration scenarios is quite heavy on this level since a scenario changes the execution model of the system due to requirements. To this end, a new IEC 61499-based model named reconfigurable function blocks (RFBs) is proposed. An RFB processes the reconfiguration events and switches directly to the suitable configuration using a hierarchical state machine model. The latter represents the reconfiguration model which reacts on changes in the environment in order to find an adequate reconfiguration scenario to be executed. Each scenario presents a particular sequence of algorithms, encapsulated in another execution control chart slave which represents the control model of an RFB. This hierarchy simplifies the design and separates the reconfiguration logic from control models. To verify its correctness and alleviate its state space explosion problem in model checking, this paper translates an RFB system automatically into a generalized model of reconfigurable timed net condition/event systems (GR-TNCES), a Petri net class that preserves the semantics of an RFB system. In this paper, along with verification of deterministic properties, we also propose to quantify and analyze some probabilistic properties. As a case study, we consider a smart-grid system, interpreting permanent faults in it as reconfiguration events, and we characterize them with the expected occurrence probability and the corresponding repair time. A tool chain ZiZo is developed to support the proposed approach.
Cystoid Macular Edema with Docetaxel Chemotherapy and the Fluid Retention Syndrome (2007)

Docetaxel (Taxotere) is an anticancer agent used to treat a wide range of malignancies including breast, lung, and prostate cancer. In this report, we describe a patient with bilateral vision loss due to cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with docetaxel therapy. This report documents for the first time the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of CME despite the lack of leakage with flourescein angiography and its association with the Fluid Retention Syndrome (FRS). Successful management of CME with oral acetazolamide is also discussed.
Monolithic Disk‐Supported Metathesis Catalysts for Use in Combinatorial Chemistry (2005)

Abstract Two metathesis catalysts, RuCl 2 (PCy 3 )(NHC)(CHPh) ( 1 ) [NHC=1‐(2,4,5‐trimethylphenyl)‐3‐(6‐hydroxyhexyl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene] and Mo(N‐2,6‐ i‐ Pr 2 ‐C 6 H 3 )(CHCMe 2 Ph)(BIPHEN) ( 2 ) [BIPHEN=( R )‐3,3′‐di‐ t‐ butyl‐5,5′,6,6′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′‐biphenolate) have been immobilized on polymeric, monolithic discs using a “grafting from” protocol. Monolithic discs were prepared via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) from norborn‐2‐ene (NBE), tris(norborn‐5‐ene‐2‐ylmethyleneoxy)methylsilane [(NBE‐CH 2 O) 3 ‐SiCH 3 ], 2‐propanol, toluene and RuCl 2 (PCy 3 ) 2 (CHPh). Catalyst loadings of 0.55 and 0.7 wt %, respectively, were obtained. Monolithic disc‐immobilized 1 was used in various metathesis‐based reactions including ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), ring‐opening cross metathesis and enyne metathesis. Using 0.23–0.59 mol % of supported 1 , turnover numbers (TONs) up to 330 were achieved. Monolithic disc‐immobilized 2 was used in various enantioselective RCM and desymmetrization reactions. Using 9–13 mol % of supported catalyst, excellent yields up to 100% and high enantiomeric excess (ee≤88%) were observed. In both cases, metal leaching was low (≤3 and ≤2%, respectively). In addition, 1 catalyzed the cyclopolymerization of diethyl dipropargylmalonate (DEDPM) to yield poly(ene)s consisting of 5‐membered rings, i.e., cyclopent‐1‐ene‐1‐vinylene units. The polymerization proceeded via non‐stoichiometric initiation yielding polymers with unimodal molecular weight distribution. Using a catalyst to monomer ratio of 1 : 170, molecular weights of M w =16,400 and M n =11,700 g/mol, PDI=1.40 were obtained.
Scribble is required for normal epithelial cell–cell contacts and lumen morphogenesis in the mammalian lung (2012)

During lung development, proper epithelial cell arrangements are critical for the formation of an arborized network of tubes. Each tube requires a lumen, the diameter of which must be tightly regulated to enable optimal lung function. Lung branching and lumen morphogenesis require close epithelial cell-cell contacts that are maintained as a result of adherens junctions, tight junctions and by intact apical-basal (A/B) polarity. However, the molecular mechanisms that maintain epithelial cohesion and lumen diameter in the mammalian lung are unknown. Here we show that Scribble, a protein implicated in planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling, is necessary for normal lung morphogenesis. Lungs of the Scrib mouse mutant Circletail (Crc) are abnormally shaped with fewer airways, and these airways often lack a visible, 'open' lumen. Mechanistically we show that Scrib genetically interacts with the core PCP gene Vangl2 in the developing lung and that the distribution of PCP pathway proteins and Rho mediated cytoskeletal modification is perturbed in Scrib(Crc/Crc) lungs. However A/B polarity, which is disrupted in Drosophila Scrib mutants, is largely unaffected. Notably, we find that Scrib mediates functions not attributed to other PCP proteins in the lung. Specifically, Scrib localises to both adherens and tight junctions of lung epithelia and knockdown of Scrib in lung explants and organotypic cultures leads to reduced cohesion of lung epithelial cells. Live imaging of Scrib knockdown lungs shows that Scrib does not affect bud bifurcation, as previously shown for the PCP protein Celsr1, but is required to maintain epithelial cohesion. To understand the mechanism leading to reduced cell-cell association, we show that Scrib associates with β-catenin in embryonic lung and the sub-cellular distribution of adherens and tight junction proteins is perturbed in mutant lung epithelia. Our data reveal that Scrib is required for normal lung epithelial organisation and lumen morphogenesis by maintaining cell-cell contacts. Thus we reveal novel and important roles for Scrib in lung development operating via the PCP pathway, and in regulating junctional complexes and cell cohesion.
Nonlinear Evolution of the Ion-Weibel Instability in Interpenetrating Plasmas of CH, Al, and Cu (2021)

The ion-Weibel instability is a leading candidate mechanism for the formation of collisionless shocks observed in may astrophysical systems. Experimental and computational studies have shown that the ion-Weibel instability drives current filamentation in interpenetrating plasma flows 1 , 2 with the capability to mediate collisionless shock formation and subsequent particle acceleration 3 in the lab. The present work focuses on the study of nonlinear ion-Weibel evolution under various plasma conditions through utilization of different ion species and experimental geometries. Temporally varying plasma condition are determined using benchmarked FLASH simulations. Path-integrated B-field distributions are retrieved from experimental proton images in all cases and Fourier analyzed to quantify the dominant filament scale-size and estimate the B-field strength. This new analysis methodology demonstrates that the first ~400ps of plasma interpenetration sets the spectral characteristics of ion-Weibel filamentation, and that underlying plasma conditions later in time do not significantly alter nonlinear filament evolution.
<title>Multiterawatt amplification of ultrabroadband optical pulses: breaking the 100 fs limit</title> (1994)

A first of its kind, multiterawatt, ultrashort pulse laser system is described. The system is capable of producing 125 mJ, 35 fs, 800 nm pulsed with near diffraction limited beam quality at a 10 Hz repetition rate. Methods for control of phase and amplitude distortion during sub- 100 fs amplification are presented.
Self-calibration in high speed current steering CMOS D/A converters (1994)

This paper describes a novel approach to self-calibration applied to current steering CMOS DACs. The basic idea is to use regulated cascode current sources with degenerated resistances. The drop voltage across the degenerated resistance measures the current, thereby allowing calibration. A suitable architecture for achieving continuous calibration is described. The paper also discusses some design problems and proposes a new differential switch current cell which alleviates the glitches deriving from the clock-feedthrough effect.
Cannabidiol Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (2020)

Abstract Voltage-gated sodium channels are targets for a range of pharmaceutical drugs developed for treatment of neurological diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive compound isolated from cannabis plants, was recently approved for treatment of two types of epilepsy associated with sodium channel mutations. This study used high resolution X-ray crystallography to demonstrate the detailed nature of the interactions between CBD and the NavMs voltage-gated sodium channel, showing CBD binds at a novel site at the interface of the fenestrations and the central hydrophobic cavity of the channel. Binding at this site blocks the transmembrane-spanning sodium ion translocation pathway, providing a molecular mechanism for channel inhibition. Modelling studies illuminate why the closely-related psychoactive compound THC may not bind to these channels. Finally, comparisons are made with the TRPV2 channel, also recently proposed as a target site for CBD. In summary, this study provides novel insight into a possible mechanism for CBD with sodium channels.
Field Investigations on Performance of T-Shaped Deep Mixed Soil Cement Column–Supported Embankments over Soft Ground (2011)

The soil cement deep mixing method has been used to improve soft clayey soils under embankment loading conditions. A compacted granular fill layer or geosynthetic reinforcement layer is placed over the top of soil cement deep mixed (DM) columns to reduce differential settlement between DM soil and the surrounding untreated soil, which, in turn, increases embankment stability. Typically, in conventional deep mixing methodology, the soil cement columns are closely spaced, indicating large area replacement ratios in the construction projects. Such practice could increase construction costs substantially. In this research, a new type of DM column, called a T-shaped DM (TDM) column, was designed and used as an alternative to the large-area-replacement-ratio DM columns employed in the field. Unlike in the conventional column, the cross section of the new column varies along the installation depth. Large amounts of cement slurry are injected and thoroughly mixed with the native shallow soil using specially designed mixing blades. At greater depths, deep mixing methodology is applied only to smaller-diameter columns, resulting in large-diameter columns near the surface and smaller-diameter columns deeper. Field trials were conducted to investigate the performance of TDM column–supported soft ground under embankment loading. For comparison, performance of conventional DM column–supported soft ground under similar embankment loading is presented. Differences in quality control studies and in situ plate loading tests on TDM and conventional DM columns are discussed. Under field embankment loading conditions, stress concentration ratio, excess pore water pressures generated in the soft clays, total monitored settlement, and lateral soil displacement near embankment toes are analyzed and discussed for both treatments. It is concluded that TDM columns have considerable advantages over conventional DM because they both mitigate settlement and enhance the performance of the embankments while reducing construction costs.
Supplementary Data from Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors with Late Cardiotoxicity and Survival in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Survivors (2023)

Supplementary Data from Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors with Late Cardiotoxicity and Survival in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Survivors
Polygonal Simplification: An Overview (1996)

Polygonal simplification is a very active research topic, demonstrated by the recent explosion of papers in the field. The goal of this paper is to give a foundation and overview of this rapidly growing research area. The paper provides a foundation by explaining what polygonal simplification is, describing why it is useful, and defining some terminology of the field. The bulk of the paper classifies and overviews various simplification algorithms. Finally, since polygonal simplification is by no means a solved problem, the paper discusses possible future work.
A novel β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity in hog gastric mucosal microsomes: Preferential hydrolysis of terminal GlcNAcß1‐3 linkages in GlcNAcß1‐3(GlcNAcß1‐6)Galß1‐GlcNAc, but GlcNAcß1‐6 linkages in GlcNAcß1‐3(GlcNAcß1‐6)Gal (1993)

Hog gastric mucosal microsomes contain beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity which cleaves GlcNAc beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc at the terminal GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal linkage faster than at the GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal bond, producing mainly GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. In a marked contrast, GlcNAc beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)Gal is cleaved primarily at the GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal bond, while partial hydrolysis of GlcNAc beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)Gal beta 1-4Glc reveals similar rates of cleavage for the (1-3) and (1-6) linkages. Our data support the notion that the terminal beta 1,6-linked GlcNAc unit of GlcNAc beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc may interact with the reducing end GlcNAc unit intramolecularly in water solution.