gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Film Formation from Mixed Solutions of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-dithione and Phosphate onto Au, Ag, and Cu Substrates (2008)

Molecular structures of organic films generated from mixed solutions of a 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivative (VBATDT) and a phosphate derivative (M10P) onto Au, Ag, and Cu substrates were examined by IR and Raman spectroscopy. The molecular structure varies according to the concentration, the molarity ratio of the mixed solution, the substrate, and the method of film preparation. When VBATDT is adsorbed on the metals, the 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol (heterocyclic) group acts as the adsorption site and changes the ring structure from the thione form to the thiol form. If VBATDT coexists with M10P near the substrate surface, the two kinds of monomers can build, at least, four kinds of chemisorbed layers on the metals. One is the monolayer of VBATDT adsorbed onto Au with two sulfurs in the heterocyclic group, in which the axis of symmetry of the ring is perpendicular to the surface. The second is the monolayer mainly consisting of VBATDT formed on the Ag or Cu substrate with the heterocyclic group tilted. The third is the thick film consisting of the polymer derived from VBATDT; this polymer can be generated on the Ag and Cu substrates from the concentrated mixture. The fourth is the thick film consisting of the polymer made mainly from M10P; this polymer can be prepared on the Cu substrate from the concentrated solution containing a high molarity ratio of M10P. The reasons for these various chemisorbed layers were discussed.
<title>Initial stage of Al<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>O<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> -TiC laser processing: numerical investigation with axisymmetric finite-volume scheme</title> (2001)

We produced a totally conservative finite-volume scheme for modeling of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-TiC ceramics processing with excimer laser radiation. Evolution of a cylindrical TiC grain at the surface of an alumina matrix is traced for a few nanaoseconds. Its melting causes a small surface swelling - a possible nucleator for the experimentally observed TiC globules.
Host guest chemistry and supramolecular doping in triphenylamine-based covalent frameworks on Au(111) (2021)

The post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via host-guest chemistry is an important method to tailor their electronic properties for applications. Due to the limited structural control in the assembly of two-dimensional surface-supported COFs, supramolecular networks are traditionally used at present for host-guest experiments on surfaces, which lack structural and thermal stability, however. Here, we present a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study to understand the host-guest interaction in triphenylamine-based covalently-linked macrocycles and networks on Au(111). These triphenylamine-based structures feature carbonyl and hydrogen functionalized pores that create preferred adsorption sites for trimesic acid (TMA) and halogen atoms. The binding of the TMA through optimized hydrogen-bond interactions is corroborated by selective adsorption positions within the pores. Band structure calculations reveal that the strong intermolecular charge transfer through the TMA bonding reduces the band gap in the triphenylamine COFs, demonstrating the concept of supramolecular doping by host-guest interactions in surface-supported COFs. Halogen atoms selectively adsorb between two carbonyl groups at Au hollow sites. The mainly dispersive interaction of the halogens with the triphenylamine COF leads to a small downshift of the bands. Most of the halogens change their adsorption position selectively upon annealing near the desorption temperature. In conclusion, we demonstrate evidence for supramolecular doping via post-synthetic modification and to track chemical reactions in confined space.
Acetabular Rim Ossification Variants Are Found in Almost 20% of Patients Presenting With Hip Pain (2023)

This study aims to identify, quantify, and categorize periacetabular calcifications about the hip. Their clinical relationships and relevance have been discussed, but no study has distinctly categorized the various types and their prevalence. This study provides a framework for identification and categorization.
Arabidopsis Transcriptome Analysis under Drought, Cold, High-Salinity and ABA Treatment Conditions using a Tiling Array (2008)

Plants respond and adapt to drought, cold and high-salinity stresses in order to survive. In this study, we applied Arabidopsis Affymetrix tiling arrays to study the whole genome transcriptome under drought, cold, high-salinity and ABA treatment conditions. The bioinformatic analysis using the tiling array data showed that 7,719 non-AGI transcriptional units (TUs) exist in the unannotated "intergenic" regions of Arabidopsis genome. These include 1,275 and 181 TUs that are induced and downregulated, respectively, by the stress or ABA treatments. Most of the non-AGI TUs are hypothetical non-protein-coding RNAs. About 80% of the non-AGI TUs belong to pairs of the fully overlapping sense-antisense transcripts (fSATs). Significant linear correlation between the expression ratios (treated/untreated) of the sense TUs and the ratios of the antisense TUs was observed in the SATs of AGI code/non-AGI TU. We studied the biogenesis mechanisms of the stress- or ABA-inducible antisense RNAs and found that the expression of sense TUs is necessary for the stress- or ABA-inducible expression of the antisense TUs in the fSATs (AGI code/non-AGI TU).
Immunonephelometric determination of apolipoprotein A-1 in hyperlipoproteinemic serum. (1983)

The intensity of scattered light varies with the size of the scattering particles. Studying the quantitative immunonephelometric determination of apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1), we observed that the different particle sizes of lipoproteins must be taken into account in immunonephelometry if apo A-1 is a constituent of the lipoprotein particles. Because interaction between large lipoproteins and immunocomplexes of high-density lipoproteins increases light scattering nonspecifically, false estimations may be obtained in serum with excessive hyperlipoproteinemia. Furthermore, the accessibility of antigenic sites of apo A-1 in intact high-density lipoproteins is limited. Immunonephelometry of apo A-1 in serum necessitates therefore the elimination of various interferents, which we have achieved by a single one-step extraction of lipids in a two-phase liquid system. With n-hexanol/polyfluoro-polychloro-polyethylene, about 90% of the serum lipids are extracted and only apolipoprotein B is precipitated at the interphase. This pretreatment eliminates the interferences caused by excessive hypertriglyceridemia and therefore greatly facilitates the endpoint immunonephelometry of apo A-1 in normal and pathological serum samples.
Bu-2313, a new antibiotic complex active against anaerobes. I. Production, isolation and properties of Bu-2313 A and B. (1980)

An unidentified oligosporic actinomycete strain, No. E864-61, produced two new antibiotics, Bu-2313 A (C27H35NO9) and Bu-2313 B (C26H33NO9). Bu-2313 A and B each exhibited a broad antibiotic spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and showed in vivo activity against experimental infections produced by B. fragilis and C. perfringens. Bu-2313 also inhibited some aerobic bacteria such as streptococci. Bu-2313 B was approximately two-fold more active than Bu-2313 A.
Perylenequinone Natural Products: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Oxidized Pentacyclic Core (2009)

An enantioselective approach to the perylenequinone core found in the mold perylenequinone natural products is outlined. Specifically, the first asymmetric syntheses of helical chiral perylenequinones absent any additional stereogenic centers are described. Key elements of the synthetic venture include a catalytic enantioselective biaryl coupling, a PIFA-induced naphthalene hydroxylation, and a palladium-mediated aromatic decarboxylation. Transfer of the binaphthalene axial stereochemistry to the perylenequinone helical stereochemistry proceeded with good fidelity. Furthermore, the resultant perylenequinones were shown to possess sufficient atropisomeric stability to be viable intermediates in the biogenesis of the perylenequinone natural products. This stability supports the use of the helical axis as a stereochemical relay in synthesis of the natural products containing additional stereochemical centers.
Concentrator multijunction solar cell characteristics under variable intensity and temperature (2008)

Abstract The performance of multijunction solar cells has been measured over a range of temperatures and illumination intensities. Temperature coefficients have been extracted for three‐junction cell designs that are in production and under development. A simple diode model is applied to the three‐junction performance as a means to predict performance under operating conditions outside the test range. These data may be useful in guiding the future optimization of concentrator solar cells and systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate using benzoin isopropyl ether as photoinitiator: Effect of thiophenol compounds (1993)

Abstract Effects of a series of thiophenols R ArSH with substituting groups R in the para ‐position and 2‐mercaptobenzoic acid on the kinetics of polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) photoinitiated by benzoin isopropyl ether (BIPE) were investigated using an autorecording dilatometer. Thiophenols were found to have a dual effect on polymerization: reducing induction time and accelerating rate of polymerization. A mechanism was proposed suggesting that this increased rate of polymerization and reduced induction time with addition of a thiophenol is due to the fact that, instead of consuming radicals, the dissolved oxygen in the MMA/BIPE system can be converted into active radicals through effective photooxidation of the thiophenol. Although the maximum increase in rate of polymerization is of a minor difference between various thiophenol compounds, reduction in induction time is strongly dependent on the nature of substituting groups in the following order: CH 3 &gt; CH(CH 3 ) 2 &gt; OCH 3 or Cl &gt; H. 2‐Mercaptobenzoic acid, on the other hand, increases induction time and decreases rate of polymerization. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Control of 5′,5′-Dinucleoside Triphosphate Catabolism by APH1 , a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Analog of Human FHIT (1998)

The putative human tumor suppressor gene FHIT (fragile histidine triad) (M. Ohta et al., Cell 84:587-597, 1996) encodes a protein behaving in vitro as a dinucleoside 5',5"'-P1,P3-triphosphate (Ap3A) hydrolase. In this report, we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae APH1 gene product, which resembles human Fhit protein, also hydrolyzes dinucleoside 5',5'-polyphosphates, with Ap3A being the preferred substrate. Accordingly, disruption of the APH1 gene produced viable S. cerevisiae cells containing reduced Ap3A-hydrolyzing activity and a 30-fold-elevated Ap3N concentration.
Momentarily-Energized Pilot Valves for Irrigation Systems (1983)

ABSTRACT MOMENTARILY-ENERGIZED solenoid valves were developed in both 3- and 4-way configurations. The 3-way model is used as a pilot valve primarily for water-operated valves in surface irrigation systems. The 4-way model can be used with pneumatic operators such as air cylinders. The valves are powered by capacitor discharge with energy supplied from batteries and do not require continuous energization to maintain valve position.
SalSi: A new seismic attribute for salt dome detection (2016)

In this paper, we propose a saliency-based attribute, SalSi, to detect salt dome bodies within seismic volumes. SalSi is based on the saliency theory and modeling of the human vision system (HVS). In this work, we aim to highlight the parts of the seismic volume that receive highest attention from the human interpreter, and based on the salient features of a seismic image, we detect the salt domes. Experimental results show the effectiveness of SalSi on the real seismic dataset acquired from the North Sea, F3 block. Subjectively, we have used the ground truth and the output of different salt dome delineation algorithms to validate the results of SalSi. For the objective evaluation of results, we have used the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and area under the curves (AUC) to demonstrate SalSi is a promising and an effective attribute for seismic interpretation.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Myeloid Cells during Graft-versus-Host Disease (2018)

The successful treatment of various hematologic diseases with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is often limited by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Several microRNAs (miRs) have recently been shown to impact the biology of GvHD by regulating pro- as well as anti-inflammatory target genes. There is increasing evidence that a single miR can have different effects by preferentially targeting certain genes depending on the cell type that the miR is analyzed in. This review will focus on the role of miRs in myeloid cells during the development of acute and chronic GvHD and autoimmune diseases. Because miRs act on the expression of multiple target genes and may thereby influence the immune system at different functional levels, they are potentially attractive targets for the modification of allogeneic immune responses using miR mimics and inhibitors.
Modular ambient temperature functionalization of carbon nanotubes with stimuli-responsive polymer strands (2012)

Cyclopentadienyl end-capped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM-Cp, Mn = 5400 g mol−1, PDI = 1.13) was synthesized via a combination of RAFT (Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer) polymerization and modular conjugation (characterized via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)), and reacted with untreated Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as dienophiles in a Diels–Alder reaction with PNIPAM-Cp (diene) at ambient temperature in the absence of any catalyst. The obtained stimuli-responsive hybrid materials display thermo-responsive behaviour evidenced via UV-VIS-spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The grafting density of the PNIPAM chains at the surface of the SWCNTs was determined via Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Elemental Analysis (EA) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), to be close to 0.0288 chains per nm2.
Chronic Elevation of Calmodulin in the Ventricles of Transgenic Mice Increases the Autonomous Activity of Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II, Which Regulates Atrial Natriuretic Factor Gene Expression (2000)

Although isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in cultured cells, this issue has yet to be addressed in vivo. We report that the overexpression of calmodulin in ventricular myocytes of transgenic mice results in an increase in the Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of endogenous CaMKII. The calmodulin transgene is regulated by a 500-bp fragment of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene promoter which, based on cell transfection studies, is itself known to be regulated by CaMKII. The increased autonomous activity of CaMKII maintains the activity of the transgene and establishes a positive feedforward loop, which also extends the temporal expression of the endogenous ANF promoter in ventricular myocytes. Both the increased activity of CaMKII and transcriptional activation of ANF are highly selective responses to the chronic overexpression of calmodulin. These results indicate that CaMKII can regulate gene expression in vivo and suggest that this enzyme may represent the Ca2+-dependent target responsible for reactivation of the ANF gene during ventricular hypertrophy.
A low-voltage, low-power CMOS fifth-order elliptic GM-C filter for baseband mobile, wireless communication (1997)

The design and performance of a rail-to-rail low-voltage CMOS fifth-order elliptic low-pass GM-C filter for baseband mobile communication are presented. The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) used in this filter is a low-voltage rail-to-rail voltage-to-current converter (V-I converter). In this V-I converter, an N-type V-I converter cell is connected in parallel with its counterpart, a P-type V-I converter cell, to achieve common-mode (CM) rail-to-rail operation. Two maximum-current selecting circuits and an output current subtraction circuit are utilized to generate constant-g/sub m/ output currents for this OTA. This fifth-order elliptic low-pass GM-C filter operates at a supply voltage of 3 V and has a cutoff frequency of 280 to 405 kHz. It provides up to 700 mV/sub pp/ output with 1% total harmonic distortion (THD), dissipates 2.48 mW at V/sub cm/=1.5 V, and occupies 1.62 mm/sup 2/ in a 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2020)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis. Lemon balm and its major constituent, rosmarinic acid (RA), effectively improve the liver injury and obesity; however, their therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of RA and a lemon balm extract (LBE) on NAFLD and liver fibrosis and elucidated their mechanisms. Palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HepG2 cells and db/db mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet were utilized to exhibit symptoms of human NASH. LBE and RA treatments alleviated the oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and modulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression by the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vitro and in vivo. LBE and RA treatments inhibited the expression of genes involved in hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Together, LBE and RA could improve liver damage by non-alcoholic lipid accumulation and may be promising medications to treat NASH.
[Low molecular weight heparin in pregnancy. Report of three cases with pure mitral stenosis]. (1999)

Three pregnant women with 5 +/- 1.7 weeks of pregnancy and mitral stenosis are described. Their valve area were < 1.0 cm2. They received medical treatment with little improvement and were included in our valvotomy percutaneous mitral (VPM) program with Inoue technique before their 30th week of pregnancy. Before they were treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), Enoxiparin) as prophylaxis of intracavitary thrombus formation transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated the absence of thrombus. We used 40 mgs. subcutaneous injection once a day during 16 weeks. Repeated transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram during VPM showed no evidence of intracavitary thrombus. Complete blood count and coagulation parameters remained within normal limits. The three cases delivered a healthy products. In conclusion, although this series is small, we show that the LMWH can be used in the first trimester of pregnancy as prophylactic treatment instead of oral anticoagulant treatment.
Evidence for Two New Solution States of Ubiquitin by IMS–MS Analysis (2014)

ABSTRACT: Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (IMS−MS) is used to investigate the populations of different states for ubiquitin in water:methanol solutions. In these experiments, ubiquitin is electrosprayed from 20 water:methanol (100:0 to 5:95, pH = 2) solutions, ranging from native to denaturing conditions. With an increased percentage of methanol in solution, ubiquitin ions ([M + 7H]7+ to [M + 12H]12+) show substantial variations in both charge state distributions and ion mobility distributions. Analysis of these data provides evidence for the existence of five ubiquitin states in solution: the native N state, favored in solutions of 100:0 to 70:30 water:methanol for the +7 and +8 charge states; the more helical A state and a new closely related A ′ state, favored in solutions of 70:30 to 5:95 water:methanol for the +9 to +12 charge states; the unfolded U state, populated in 40:60 to 5:95 water:methanol solutions for the +8 to +10 and +12 charge states; and a new low-abundance state termed the B state, observed for 100:0 to 70:30 water:methanol solutions in the +8 to +10 and +12 charge states. The relative abundances for different states in different solutions are determined. The analysis presented here provides insight into how solution structures evolve into anhydrous conformations and demonstrates the utility of
Site-specific Protease Activity of the Carboxyl-terminal Domain of Semliki Forest Virus Replicase Protein nsP2 (2001)

The virus-specific components (nsP1-nsP4) of Semliki Forest virus RNA polymerase are synthesized as a large polyprotein (P1234), which is cleaved by a virus-encoded protease. Based on mutagenesis studies, nsP2 has been implicated as the protease moiety of P1234. Here, we show that purified nsP2 (799 amino acids) and its C-terminal domain Pro39 (amino acids 459-799) specifically process P1234 and its cleavage intermediates. Analysis of cleavage products of in vitro synthesized P12, P23, and P34 revealed cleavages at sites 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. The cleavage regions of P1/2, P2/3, and P3/4 were expressed as thioredoxin fusion proteins (Trx12, Trx23, and Trx34), containing approximately 20 amino acids on each side of the cleavage sites. After exposure of these purified fusion proteins to nsP2 or Pro39, the reaction products were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and amino-terminal sequencing. The expected amino termini of nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4 were detected. The cleavage at 3/4 site was most efficient, whereas cleavage at 1/2 site required 5000-fold more of Pro39, and 2/3 site was almost resistant to cleavage. The activity of Pro39 was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, Zn(2+), and Cu(2+), but not by EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, or pepstatin, in accordance with the thiol proteinase nature of nsP2.
Decimated Photonic Crystal Defect Cavity Lasers (2011)

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of decimated lattice photonic crystal membrane lasers. Based on our simulated designs, decimated photonic crystal lattices have reduced number of holes, which enhance the current and heat conductive paths from the optical cavity with a minimal impact on the cavity quality factor and resonance. Our calculations indicate lower operating temperature using the decimation lattice designs. Two decimated cavity designs are demonstrated and compared to conventional photonic crystal defect cavity lasers in InP-based membranes. The decimated designs show improved laser performance with a small reduction of measured cavity quality factor. Reduction of the photonic crystal holes around the defect cavity to as few as two periods still enables photopumped operation of photonic crystal defect lasers. The improvement in the thermal properties is characterized by varying the photopumping duty cycle.
Inhibition of MicroRNA-92a Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Mice (2013)

Upregulation of miR-92a by oxLDL in atheroprone areas promotes endothelial activation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, miR-92a antagomir seems as a new atheroprotective therapeutic strategy.