gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatic components in copolyesters: Model structures help to understand biodegradability (1998)

Abstract Copolyesters build of aliphatic and aromatic components have been shown to be degraded by microorganisms in a certain range of composition. While aliphatic polyesters of diol and dicarbonic acid often are hydrolyzed e.g. by lipases, pure aromatic polyesters like polyethylene terephthalate are not biodegradable. To understand the degradation mechanism of complex aliphatic/aromatic copolymers, we performed degradation experiments with different enzymatic systems and also especially screened highly active microorganisms. Several polymers and monomeric esters representing distinct structure elements within the polymer‐chain have been synthesized. These model structures were investigated in terms to understand the correlation of the stereo selectivity of the tested enzymes and the biodegradability of the polymer structure.
1,2,4-Thiadiazolylureas. A postcript to the oxidative cyclisation of thionoamidines (1985)

The identity of authentic 5-phenyl-3-ureido-1,2,4-thiadiazole synthesized from the pre-formed heterocycle, and of the product of the oxidative cyclisation of N1-carbamoyl-N3-thiobenzoylguanidine, confirms the structure of 5-substituted-3-ureido-1,2,4-thiadiazoles obtained by either route.
No Clinical Association of Live Attenuated Influenza Virus with Nasal Carriage of Bacteria or Acute Otitis Media (2014)

We write this note to clarify the article “Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Enhances Colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in Mice” by Mina et al. (1) in order that patients or clinicians not misinterpret the study’s clinical relevance.

Mina et al. described interactions between a novel live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) strain and pathogenic bacteria at the murine respiratory mucosa. Mina et al. demonstrated that their novel attenuated virus could promote colonization of the upper respiratory tract of mice with S. pneumoniae and S. aureus but had no effect on severe bacterial disease or mortality within the lower respiratory tract. Based on that finding, the authors speculated …
Simultaneous determination of phenolic metabolites in Chinese citrus and grape cultivars (2020)

A thorough separation of the 17 compounds was achieved within 100 min. The tested method exhibited good linearity (the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.03-1.83 µg/mL and 0.09-5.55 µg/mL, respectively), precision (the relative standard deviations of repeatability were 1.02-1.97%), and recovery (92.2-102.82%) for all the compounds, which could be used for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in citrus and grape. Hesperidin (12.93-26,160.98 µg/g DW) and salicylic acid (5.35-751.02 µg/g DW) were the main flavonoids and phenolic acids in 15 citrus varieties, respectively. Besides, the hesperidin (ND to 605.48 µg/g DW) and salicylic acid (ND to 1,461.79 µg/g DW) were found as the highest flavonoid and the most abundant phenolic acid in grapes, respectively. A total of 15 citrus and 12 grape samples were classified into two main groups by PCA and HCA with strong consistency.
Development of a fieldable real-time mercuric chloride monitor using laser photofragment emission. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
A case of multiple hepatocellular carcinomas effectively treated with modified low-dose FP therapy (2006)

症例は76歳男性. アルコール性肝硬変, 多発性肝細胞癌 (stage III) に対し動注リザーバーを留置し, CDDP静注併用5-FU持続動注化学療法 (CDDP 10 mg×2/week静注および5-FU 1000 mg/5 days動注, 4投1休を1クール) を施行した. 3クールで副作用にて投薬中止するも, AFPが160 ng/ml から9.4 ng/ml と著明な減少を認め, 画像上も多発性肝細胞癌の縮小, 一部消失し長期生存が得られている. CDDP静注併用5-FU持続動注化学療法が, 多発性肝細胞癌に対して有用であった1例を報告する.
The performance impact of I/O optimizations and disk improvements (2004)

In this paper, we use real server and personal computer workloads to systematically analyze the true performance impact of various I/O optimization techniques, including read caching, sequential prefetching, opportunistic prefetching, write buffering, request scheduling, striping, and short-stroking. We also break down disk technology improvement into four basic effects—faster seeks, higher RPM, linear density improvement, and increase in track density—and analyze each separately to determine its actual benefit. In addition, we examine the historical rates of improvement and use the trends to project the effect of disk technology scaling. As part of this study, we develop a methodology for replaying real workloads that more accurately models I/O arrivals and that allows the I/O rate to be more realistically scaled than previously. We find that optimization techniques that reduce the number of physical I/Os are generally more effective than those that improve the efficiency in performing the I/Os. Sequential prefetching and write buffering are particularly effective, reducing the average read and write response time by about 50% and 90%, respectively. Our results suggest that a reliable method for improving performance is to use larger caches up to and even beyond 1% of the storage used. For a given workload, our analysis shows that disk technology improvement at the historical rate increases performance by about 8% per year if the disk occupancy rate is kept constant, and by about 15% per year if the same number of disks are used. We discover that the actual average seek time and rotational latency are, respectively, only about 35% and 60% of the specified values. We also observe that the disk head positioning time far dominates the data transfer time, suggesting that to effectively utilize the available disk bandwidth, data should be reorganized such that accesses become more sequential.
Crossover between three- and two-dimensional conduction in granular films (1984)

NRC publication: Yes
Decomposition of 2-naphthol in water and its antibacterial and antiviral activities by LaMnO<sub>3</sub> and LaCoO<sub>3</sub> in the dark (2023)

Single-phase powders of LaMnO3 and LaCoO3, lanthanum-based perovskites, were synthesized using the citric acid combustion method. The surface concentration of La in the obtained powder was higher in LaCoO3 than in LaMnO3. These samples decomposed 2-naphthol in water in the dark. The decomposition reaction is attributed to the Mars–van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism because of the temperature dependence, activation energy, valence change during the reaction, and the amount of ion elution into water. A disproportionation reaction was confirmed for Mn in LaMnO3. Both samples exhibited antibacterial and antiviral activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, bacteriophage Qβ, and bacteriophage Φ6. The antibacterial activity was higher than the antiviral activity. LaCoO3 tended to have higher antibacterial and antiviral activity than LaMnO3 had. Results show that these materials had less ion leakage than that reported earlier for La2Mo2O9.
Development of a bathroom watching system based on breath detection and silhouette extraction (2005)

Sudden death in bathrooms is an important social problem in Japan. This paper proposes a bathroom watching system with the aim of detecting bathing people who are drowning. This system employs a fiber grating vision system and a color camera to detect breathing and the position of a bather, as well as to perform a self-diagnosis of the system operational state. The effectiveness of these functions was verified through experiments.
High-density Stark profiles of two neutral helium lines and their forbidden components (1974)

Measured and calculated profiles are compared for the two neutral helium lines, He I ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=4471$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}=6678$ \AA{}) and their forbidden components at electron densities between 1.6 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ and 4.4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The partially ionized helium plasma was created in the reflected shock of an electromagnetically driven $T$ tube. The electron temperature was measured as \ensuremath{\sim} 25 000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The calculated profiles include a random-phase approximation for the electrons to second-order in the frequency-dependent shift and width operators, and the quasistatic approximation for the ions. Calculations were done at the measured plasma conditions and are compared directly with the experimental profiles. Agreement between theory and experiment is good even though in this density range the line He I ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=6678$ \AA{}) passes from the "isolated-line" to the "overlapping-line" regime, while the line He I ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=4471$ \AA{}) passes from the "overlapping-line" to the "degenerate-hydrogenic" regime.
Shear Strength Prediction of Compacted Silty Sand at Peak/Critical State Failure over Wider Suction Range (2018)

Several models/equations that use the information obtained from tests such as soil water retention curves and shear strength on saturated soil, had been proposed and validated in past to predict the shear strength of unsaturated soils. However, the accuracy of these models is rather limitedly confirmed over narrow range of soil suction. In this research axis-translation and relative-humidity techniques were used to apply and control matric and total soil suction, respectively within test specimens. Two models proposed by past researchers were selected and used in predicting the non-linear increase in shear strength with increasing values of soil suction and then compared with experimental values that were obtained from current research. It was observed that the experimental data and model predictions at critical state failure fit decently well and gave a good correlation value using both models. In addition, there was a smooth transition of suction strength prediction beyond residual suction.
Estimating tensors for matching over multiple views (1998)

In this paper we give purely geometric derivations of the constraints between point and line correspondences in multiple views of a static field. The analysis is carried out using geometric algebra, a system which provides a useful tool in many computer vision applications. It is shown that with a straightforward geometric interpretation it is simple to derive the degrees of freedom of such tensors and to understand their structure. Given such information, minimal parametrizations of the tensors are possible. Such parametrizations may be useful for estimation of the tensors and subsequent matching of points.
A Convenient One-Pot Preparation of 2-Methyl-3-(phenylthio- methyl)quinolines from Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts and Their Oxidation to the Corresponding Sulfones (2012)

A convenient one-pot preparation of 2-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)quinolines from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts via conjugate addition of thiols followed by reductive cyclization with Fe/AcOH was developed. The 2-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)quinolines were transformed into 2-methyl-3-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)quinolines via m-CPBA-mediated oxidation.
A method for reducing multipath interference noise (1994)

One source of noise in optical communication systems is multipath interference (MPI)-intensity noise caused by multiple discrete reflections or double Rayleigh backscatter (DRB). MPI converts phase noise to intensity noise, which can cause significant impairments in analog lightwave systems transmitting CATV signals. We have found that by dithering the laser frequency by several gigahertz at kilohertz frequencies this noise can be reduced. We have demonstrated this technique using a DFB laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evidence that Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus RNA is a Positive Strand (1982)

SUMMARY RNA of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was analysed by gel electrophoresis on methylmercury-agarose gels. Three segments were detected with mol. wt. of 2.7 × 106, 1.7 × 106 and 1.1 × 106. The behaviour on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns indicated that TSWV RNA does not contain poly(A) sequences. TSWV RNA directed the synthesis of several proteins in a wheatgerm cell-free system and a messenger-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Analysis of the translation products by gel electrophoresis revealed that two major polypeptides were synthesized in both systems. One could be identified by immunoprecipitation as the nucleocapsid protein; the identity of the other, having a mol. wt. of 60000, is unknown. The above results demonstrate that TSWV contains a positive-stranded RNA and this conclusion was confirmed by other experiments. TSWV RNA labelled with 125I did not hybridize with polyribosomal RNA from infected leaves and transcriptase activity could not be detected in purified preparations of TSWV or in nucleocapsid extracts from infected leaves. This study supports the view that TSWV is a unique membrane-bounded plant virus whose genome consists of three RNA segments which act as mRNA.
Characterization of Two NMN Deamidase Mutants as Possible Probes for an NMN Biosensor (2021)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a key intermediate in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Its supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects on several diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize NMN deamidase (PncC) inactive mutants to use as possible molecular recognition elements (MREs) for an NMN-specific biosensor. Thermal stability assays and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were used to study the binding of NMN and related metabolites (NaMN, Na, Nam, NR, NAD, NADP, and NaAD) to the PncC mutated variants. In particular, the S29A PncC and K61Q PncC variant forms were selected since they still preserve the ability to bind NMN in the micromolar range, but they are not able to catalyze the enzymatic reaction. While S29A PncC shows a similar affinity also for NaMN (the product of the PncC catalyzed reaction), K61Q PncC does not interact significantly with it. Thus, PncC K61Q mutant seems to be a promising candidate to use as specific probe for an NMN biosensor.
Soluble neutral metallopeptidases: physiological regulators of peptide action (2000)

Classically, the pre- and post-secretory processing of peptide signals appears to be mediated primarily by subtilisin-like peptidases in secretory vesicles and/or membrane-associated neutral endopeptidases in the extracellular environment. This article presents both biochemical and physiological evidence to support a role for soluble neutral metallopeptidases in the mediation of cell-to-cell communication by the selective generation and termination of peptide signals. These soluble peptidases have been implicated in the normal and disease-state processing of peptides involved in neurological, endocrine and cardiovascular functions. In this context, specific inhibitors of these enzymes could selectively modulate peptide levels and thus have considerable therapeutic potential. The aim of this review is to discuss the design and development of specific inhibitors of soluble neutral metallopeptidases that have been instrumental in identifying the roles of these enzymes. It will also review the evidence and present a case for the involvement of soluble neutral metallopeptidases in the regulation of peptide signalling in both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues.
Optimization in Active Vibration Control: Virtual Experimentation Using COMSOL Multiphysics - MATLAB Integration (2014)

This paper demonstrates optimization of collocated sensor-actuator location and the controller gains of active vibration control system. Ant colony optimization algorithm is employed for this purpose. Instead of using equation-based modeling for the system, the plant is a finite element model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software, which later interfaced with the MATLAB-coded optimization algorithm using the Live link for MATLAB feature. The benchmark model is a simply supported thin plate excited and attenuated by two piezoelectric patches. The optimization is based on the average energy reduction across a frequency range between 11 Hz to 50 Hz, which covers the first three modes. It is found that the maximum attenuation achieved is 68.31% using optimal values of sensor-actuator location and controller gains.
Establishing a national sickle cell disease program in the Republic of Congo (2018)

The Republic of Congo (RC) ([Figure 1][1]) has one of highest prevalence rates of sickle cell trait (SCT) in the world. The prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) is estimated to be at least 1.5% with an expected nationwide SCD patient population of 70 000. RC has no established national newborn
Low cost low profile dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) fed by planar waveguide technology for millimeter- wave frequency applications (2009)

A low cost, and low profile rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) structure fed by planar waveguide based on substrate integrated waveguide technology is proposed for millimeter wave applications. The proposed design concept has high radiation efficiency.
Prevalence and Spread of Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species in Mice Reared in a Specific-Pathogen-Free Animal Facility (2006)

Infections with enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) can change the results of animal experiments. However, there is little information about the prevalence of EHS in noncommercial animal facilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the spread of EHS in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Fecal samples of 40 mouse lines were analyzed for members of the family Helicobacteraceae using a group-specific PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Additional experiments were carried out to evaluate the spread of EHS among mice harbored in different caging systems. Helicobacter species were detected in 87.5% of the mouse lines tested. Five different Helicobacter species were identified: H. ganmani, H. hepaticus, H. typhlonicus, and the putative Helicobacter species represented by the isolates hamster B and MIT 98-5357. Helicobacter infection did not spread between animals in neighboring cages when individually ventilated cages were used; in contrast, when the mice were reared in open-air cages, EHS were found to spread from cage to cage. However, the spread was prevented by adding polycarbonate filter tops to the cages. When Helicobacter-negative and infected mice shared the same cage, transmission of the infection occurred in 100% within 2 weeks. Furthermore, we found that mice from commercial breeding facilities may carry undetected Helicobacter infections. Taken together, we show that infection with EHS may frequently occur and spread easily in mice reared under SPF conditions despite extensive safety precautions. Moreover, there is a high prevalence of rather uncommon Helicobacter species that may be a consequence of the current routine procedures used for health screening of SPF mice.
Light-Induced Metastable Linkage Isomers of Transition Metal Nitrosyls (1999)

Abstract Previously observed long-lived light-induced metastable states of transition metal nitrosyl complexes were identified as η2 nitrosyl and isonitrosyl linkage isomers. A novel technique combining low temperature X-ray crystallography and photochemistry was used to determine the geometry of the new species. Light-induced side-bound nitrosyl ligands were observed in complexes with the electronic configurations {MNO}6 and {MNO}10, using the nomenclature introduced by Enemark and Feltham. The isonitrosyl binding mode was observed only in the {MNO}6 complexes. The influence of the trans ligand, with respect to NO, on thermal stability of the isonitrosyls was studied in a series of complexes of Ru (II). In general, the isonitrosyl species were found to be more stable in complexes with the weak π-donor ligand in the trans position. Results of theoretical calculations based on density functional theory indicate that the new linkage isomers correspond to local minima on the electronic ground state potential energy surface.
Frictional Characteristics of Atomically Thin Sheets (2010)

Using friction force microscopy, we compared the nanoscale frictional characteristics of atomically thin sheets of graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), niobium diselenide, and hexagonal boron nitride exfoliated onto a weakly adherent substrate (silicon oxide) to those of their bulk counterparts. Measurements down to single atomic sheets revealed that friction monotonically increased as the number of layers decreased for all four materials. Suspended graphene membranes showed the same trend, but binding the graphene strongly to a mica surface suppressed the trend. Tip-sample adhesion forces were indistinguishable for all thicknesses and substrate arrangements. Both graphene and MoS2 exhibited atomic lattice stick-slip friction, with the thinnest sheets possessing a sliding-length-dependent increase in static friction. These observations, coupled with finite element modeling, suggest that the trend arises from the thinner sheets' increased susceptibility to out-of-plane elastic deformation. The generality of the results indicates that this may be a universal characteristic of nanoscale friction for atomically thin materials weakly bound to substrates.
REDUCTION IN ELECTRIC-ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR COOLING IN A PLANT FACTORY WITH ARTIFICIAL LIGHT (2014)

ISHS International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory - Greensys 2013 REDUCTION IN ELECTRIC-ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR COOLING IN A PLANT FACTORY WITH ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
A robust adaptive binaural beamformer for hearing devices (2017)

In a hearing aid application, the performance of an adaptive beamformer is sensitive to errors in the acoustic transfer function or noise estimation. The estimation errors can be caused by factors including the head movement of the hearing aid users, non-stationarity of the environment, or imperfect array calibration. With such inaccurate information, the beamformer not only provides less noise reduction, but also causes undesirable speech distortions. To improve the beamformers performance in such conditions, robust beam-forming algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In particular, to minimize the speech distortions caused by imperfect look direction estimation, a robust binaural beam-forming algorithm has been proposed in [1]. This algorithm utilizes constrained optimization to improve the protection of the target speech. The beamforming adaption is based on a low-complexity iteration method called Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). This paper aims for evaluating the proposed binaural beamforming algorithm by comparing its performance with the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamformer in various noisy environments. The benefit of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through both objective and subjective evaluations. In particular, multiple-microphone recordings on a pair of binaural hearing aids on a mannequin are used. Objective perception scores are calculated and compared. In addition, a subjective evaluation of speech intelligibility using normal-hearing listeners is conducted. Both the objective and subjective evaluation results show the robustness of the proposed algorithm.