gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder”? Aspects of beauty and attractiveness (2010)

Summary Discussing aesthetic issues and their management with patients is a growing area of dermatologic practice. Sometimes treatment options within one's own discipline are rapidly discussed, without a clear idea of the various aspects of the face which all combine to produce beauty and attractiveness. We review various features leading to the impression of beauty and attractiveness. Familiarity with these concepts should facilitate a broader discussion with the patient on the aspects of beauty and attractiveness beyond the borders of one's own discipline and also lead to multidisciplinary treatment options. We also examine the question how much the personality of the beholder himself is involved in the perception of attractiveness and beauty (of the person sitting opposite to him). The “ideal” face has an average profile with slightly protrusive and full lips. Attractiveness increases with average features and symmetry. Moreover, particular features such as the scheme of childlike characteristics combined with aspects of maturity and expression make a female face appear especially beautiful. Which attributes contribute to attractiveness of a man's face are controversial. Clear male signals such as a strong chin are likely not to increase attractiveness.
Fiat–Shamir Bulletproofs are Non-Malleable (in the Algebraic Group Model) (2022)

Bulletproofs (Bünz et al. IEEE S&P 2018) are a celebrated ZK proof system that allows for short and efficient proofs, and have been implemented and deployed in several real-world systems. In practice, they are most often implemented in their non-interactive version obtained using the Fiat-Shamir transform, despite the lack of a formal proof of security for this setting. Prior to this work, there was no evidence that malleability attacks were not possible against Fiat-Shamir Bulletproofs. Malleability attacks can lead to very severe vulnerabilities, as they allow an adversary to forge proofs re-using or modifying parts of the proofs provided by the honest parties. In this paper, we show for the first time that Bulletproofs (or any other similar multi-round proof system satisfying some form of weak unique response property) achieve simulation-extractability in the algebraic group model. This implies that Fiat-Shamir Bulletproofs are non-malleable.
PbTiO3 Thin Film Ultrasonic Micro-Sensor Fabricated on Si Wafer (1984)

A Si-monolithic ultrasonic sensor has been developed by sputtering of PbTiO 3 thin film on a micro-membrane cantilever on a Si wafer. This device has a dimension of several tens to several hundred microns in length and a few tens to a few hundred microns in width. Its ultrasonic response in the frequency region up to 150 kHz has been confirmed. A series of technical data on resonant frequency, sensitivity and quality factors are presented with some design parameters such as the kind of film and size. Typical sensitivity and quality factors are -102 dB and 290 at 35 kHz, respectively. This three element linear array sensor shows sharper directivity than that with a single element.
Abstract 398: Mice Containing the Human Gilbert’S Syndrome Mutation (UGT1A1*28) Are Resistant to the Development of Type II Diabetes and Deposition of Body Fat on a High Fat Diet (2013)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction has been previously demonstrated to reduce body weight and prevent type II diabetes in obese mice. However, the role of increased bilirubin production in this response is unknown. Gilbert’s syndrome is derived from a mutation in the hepatic UGT1A1 gene which results in decreased conjugation and increased levels of plasma biliribin independent of changes in HO-1. In order to determine the role of increased plasma bilirubin on the development of type II diabetes and obesity, we placed mice whose only functioning UGT1A1 gene contained the human Gilbert’s syndrome mutation (UGT1A1*28, n=4) as well as C57BL/6J control mice (n=5) on a high fat (60%) diet for 35 weeks. Plasma bilirubin levels were significantly increased in the UGT*28 mice as compared to controls and averaged 1.65 ± 0.2 vs. 1.18 ± 0.1 mg/dL (P&lt;0.05). UGT*28 mice exhibited significantly decreased body weights (14-17%, P&lt;0.05) early (4-8 weeks) and late (29-32) after high fat feeding as compared to control mice. Fat mass as measured by Echo-MRI was significantly decreased by 15-20% on weeks 18,24,30,35 as compared to control mice (P&lt;0.05). Lean mass was significantly increased by 7-10% in UGT*28 mice as compared to control mice at 18, 24, and 35 weeks (P&lt;0.05). Fasting blood glucose levels in UGT*28 mice over the entire study were significantly lower as compared to control and averaged 94 ± 3 vs. 138 ± 9 mg/dL (P&lt;0.05). Plasma insulin levels were also significantly decreased in UGT*28 mice over the study averaging 1.8 ± 0.1 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2 ng/mL (P&lt;0.05). No differences in food intake or oxygen consumption were observed in UGT*28 mice as compared to control mice. These results suggest that moderate increases in plasma bilirubin can attenuate the increase in fat mass accumulation and normalize insulin sensitivity in response to a high fat diet.
Dibenzo[b,h][1,4,7]thiadiazonines:  Examples of a Novel Ring System (2001)

Acetanilides 1a-e react with 1,1'-sulfinylbis(benzotriazole)/trimethylchlorosilane at 45-65 degrees C to form 1,2-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-arylimino-1-ethanethiones 3a-e, while heating the same reagents at 110 degrees C results in dibenzo[b,h][1,4,7]thiadiazonines 5a,c,d, and 6. X-ray crystal structures are reported for three representative examples.
Manic Symptoms and Behavioral Dysregulation in Youth with Velocardiofacial Syndrome (22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome) (2007)

Mania and bipolar disorder have been reported in adolescents and adults with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS; also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome). Children with VCFS have a high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which may constitute a risk factor for the eventual development of bipolar disorder in this population. Therefore, we sought to determine whether children with VCFS exhibit more manic symptoms than community controls that also may have learning disorders and ADHD. The study population consisted of 86 children with VCFS and 36 community controls from ages 9 to 15 years, using measures of Young Mania Rating Scale-Parent Version, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd edition (WISC-III). The results indicate that manic symptoms were not more prevalent in VCFS than in a community sample of children with learning disorders and ADHD. However, after accounting for symptoms of depression and ADHD, we found that manic symptoms in VCFS predicted uniquely to scores on four Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) subscales, including anxiety, somatization, thought, and conduct problems. In contrast, manic symptoms in controls predicted uniquely to conduct problems only. Accordingly, our findings of severe behavioral impairment in youth with VCFS and manic symptoms suggest that these children may warrant more intensive monitoring and treatment relative to youth with VCFS and ADHD only.
A Design of PWM Inverter Passive Filter Based on CM Transformer (2020)

The negative effects of the PWM inverter are mainly as follows: the high dv/dt value of the DM(differential mode) and the CM(common mode) voltage will cause an impact on the insulation layer of the motor winding; the current generated by the CM voltage on the motor bearing will corrode the bearing and reduce motor life; electromagnetic interference caused by high frequency CM leakage current will affect the stability of the system. Based on the CM transformer, a new passive filter topology is proposed, this filter uses the coupling function of the CM transformer to suppress the CM voltage and the leakage inductance of the CM transformer as the DM filter inductor, which can effectively suppress the dv/dt values of the DM and CM voltages, it can also effectively reduce the RMS value of the CM voltage. In this paper, the winding method of CM transformer windings is improved, each winding is divided into two parts in series and distributed symmetrically on the iron core, which makes the leakage inductance and coupling coefficient between the windings of the transformer more symmetrical, which enhances the filtering effect. The effectiveness of the filter is verified by simulation and experiment.
Provably secure and high-rate quantum key distribution with time-bin qudits (2017)

The security of conventional cryptography systems is threatened in the forthcoming era of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution (QKD) features fundamentally proven security and offers a promising option for quantum-proof cryptography solution. Although prototype QKD systems over optical fiber have been demonstrated over the years, the key generation rates remain several orders of magnitude lower than current classical communication systems. In an effort toward a commercially viable QKD system with improved key generation rates, we developed a discrete-variable QKD system based on time-bin quantum photonic states that can generate provably secure cryptographic keys at megabit-per-second rates over metropolitan distances. We use high-dimensional quantum states that transmit more than one secret bit per received photon, alleviating detector saturation effects in the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors used in our system that feature very high detection efficiency (of more than 70%) and low timing jitter (of less than 40 ps). Our system is constructed using commercial off-the-shelf components, and the adopted protocol can be readily extended to free-space quantum channels. The security analysis adopted to distill the keys ensures that the demonstrated protocol is robust against coherent attacks, finite-size effects, and a broad class of experimental imperfections identified in our system.
Full-color active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display on human skin based on a large-area MoS 2 backplane (2020)

Electronic applications are continuously developing and taking new forms. Foldable, rollable, and wearable displays are applicable for human health care monitoring or robotics, and their operation relies on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Yet, the development of semiconducting materials with high mechanical flexibility has remained a challenge and restricted their use in unusual format electronics. This study presents a wearable full-color OLED display using a two-dimensional (2D) material-based backplane transistor. The 18-by-18 thin-film transistor array was fabricated on a thin MoS<sub>2</sub> film that was transferred to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (30 nm)/polyethylene terephthalate (6 μm). Red, green, and blue OLED pixels were deposited on the device surface. This 2D material offered excellent mechanical and electrical properties and proved to be capable of driving circuits for the control of OLED pixels. The ultrathin device substrate allowed for integration of the display on an unusual substrate, namely, a human hand.
Dissimilarity Measures for Detecting Hepatotoxicity in Clinical Trial Data (2006)

In clinical trials, pharmaceutical companies test the efficacy and safety of a new drug for the treatment of a disease by comparing the results from a large number of diseased and healthy patients exposed to either the new drug, an existing drug that treats the disease, or a placebo. One primary concern is liver toxicity, which is usually diagnosed by blood analyte tests. Often, such signals of toxicity lead to the discontinuation of drug development or the withdrawal of the drug from the market. Early detection of liver toxicity can save lives and also save such companies billions of dollars. Existing approaches for detecting liver toxicity typically ignore correlations between blood analyte values, but in this work we present novel dissimilarity measures based on principal component analysis which can be used for detecting liver toxicity and identifying subpopulations who may be susceptible by taking into account the correlations structure of the data. Experimental results on real clinical trial data validate our approach.
A 64-Tile 2.4-Mb In-Memory-Computing CNN Accelerator Employing Charge-Domain Compute (2019)

Large-scale matrix-vector multiplications, which dominate in deep neural networks (DNNs), are limited by data movement in modern VLSI technologies. This paper addresses data movement via an in-memory-computing accelerator that employs charged-domain mixed-signal operation for enhancing compute SNR and, thus, scalability. The architecture supports analog/binary input activation (IA)/weight first layer (FL) and binary/binary IA/weight hidden layers (HLs), with batch normalization and input-output (IO) (buffering) circuitry to enable cascading, if desired, for realizing different DNN layers. The architecture is arranged as 8 × 8 = 64 in-memory-computing neuron tiles, supporting up to 512, 3 × 3 × 512-input HL neurons and 64, 3 × 3 × 3-input FL neurons, configurable via tile-level clock gating. In-memory computing is achieved using an 8T bit cell with overlaying metal-oxide-metal (MOM) capacitor, yielding a structure having 1.8 × the area of a standard 6T bit cell. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS, the design achieves HLs/FL energy efficiency of 866/1.25 TOPS/W and throughput of 18876/43.2 GOPS (1498/3.43 GOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), when implementing convolution layers; and 658/0.95 TOPS/W, 9438/10.47 GOPS (749/0.83 GOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), when implementing convolution followed by batch normalization layers. Several large-scale neural networks are demonstrated, showing performance on standard benchmarks (MNIST, CIFAR-10, and SVHN) equivalent to ideal digital computing.
Efficient Fabrication Process for Superconducting Integrated Circuits Using Photosensitive Polyimide Insulation Layers (2005)

Photosensitive polyimide insulation layers have been introduced to fabricate superconducting integrated circuits. It is shown to simplify the fabrication process, because the photosensitive polyimide insulation layer can be patterned by conventional photolithography process, resulting in the etching process unnecessary in the present new fabrication process. Three kinds of contact hole (junction top electrode contact, junction base electrode contact, and resistor contact) are simultaneously formed in the photolithography process of the polyimide. A minimum contact hole size is designed to be 1.5 /spl mu/m square for a 3 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 3 /spl mu/m squared junction. Superconducting current density of 2.4/spl times/10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ of the contact hole was measured. Palladium resistors were successfully made with through hole contacts of the photosensitive polyimide insulation layer. We demonstrated superconducting integrated circuits using this new fabrication process including the minimum 3 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 3 /spl mu/m squared Nb/Al-AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson tunnel junction. The circuit operation is also demonstrated in the fabricated superconducting integrated circuits with the photosensitive polyimide insulation layers.
Long-term neural recordings using MEMS based moveable microelectrodes in the brain (2010)

One of the critical requirements of the emerging class of neural prosthetic devices is to maintain good quality neural recordings over long time periods. We report here a novel MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) based technology that can move microelectrodes in the event of deterioration in neural signal to sample a new set of neurons. Microscale electro-thermal actuators are used to controllably move microelectrodes post-implantation in steps of approximately 9 mum. In this study, a total of 12 movable microelectrode chips were individually implanted in adult rats. Two of the twelve movable microelectrode chips were not moved over a period of 3 weeks and were treated as control experiments. During the first 3 weeks of implantation, moving the microelectrodes led to an improvement in the average signal to noise ratio (SNR) from 14.61 +/- 5.21 dB before movement to 18.13 +/- 4.99 dB after movement across all microelectrodes and all days. However, the average root-mean-square values of noise amplitudes were similar at 2.98 +/- 1.22 muV and 3.01 +/- 1.16 muV before and after microelectrode movement. Beyond 3 weeks, the primary observed failure mode was biological rejection of the PMMA (dental cement) based skull mount resulting in the device loosening and eventually falling from the skull. Additionally, the average SNR for functioning devices beyond 3 weeks was 11.88 +/- 2.02 dB before microelectrode movement and was significantly different (p < 0.01) from the average SNR of 13.34 +/- 0.919 dB after movement. The results of this study demonstrate that MEMS based technologies can move microelectrodes in rodent brains in long-term experiments resulting in improvements in signal quality. Further improvements in packaging and surgical techniques will potentially enable movable microelectrodes to record cortical neuronal activity in chronic experiments.
Scintillation and Optical Properties of ${\rm BaBrI}\!:\!{\rm Eu}^{2+}$ and ${\rm CsBa}_{2}{\rm I}_{5}\!:\!{\rm Eu}^{2+}$ (2011)

This paper reports on the scintillation and optical properties of the recently discovered europium doped BaBrI and CsBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> scintillators. Single crystals of BaBrI and CsBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> were grown from the melt by the vertical Bridgman technique. Crystals were doped with 8% and 4% Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> for BaBrI and CsBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , respectively. These crystals have higher optical quality and present improved scintillation performance compared to the previously reported values. An estimated light yield of 97,000±5,000 and 102,000±6,000 photons per MeV (ph/MeV) of absorbed gamma-ray energy is now measured for BaBrI:8%Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> and CsBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> :4%Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> , respectively. A better energy resolution has also been observed. BaBrI energy resolution for the 662 keV full absorption peak (FWHM over peak position) decreased to 3.4±0.2% and CsBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> :4%Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> energy resolution decreased to 2.55±0.2% . Additional measurements show both scintillators with an excellent light yield proportionality. Finally, based on optical and x-ray excited emission spectra and decay curves, energy transfer mechanisms in BaBrI and CsBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> scintillators are briefly discussed.
Increase of tuberculous infection in the organs of B cell-deficient mice (1996)

Protective immunity against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is imparted by T cells rather than antibodies, but B cells can play a role as antigen-presenting cells and in granuloma formation. We re-evaluated the role of B cells in the course of tuberculous infection in mu-chain knock-out (Ig-) mice. Surprisingly, the organs of M. tuberculosis-infected Ig- mice were found to have three- to eight-fold elevated counts of viable bacilli compared with normal littermates at 3-6 weeks post-infection. Splenic interferon-gamma responses to whole antigen were unimpaired, whilst proliferation to certain mycobacterial peptides was found to be diminished. However, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination significantly reduced the infection in Ig- mice. The mechanisms by which B cells can influence primary tuberculous infection need further study.
Process synthesis for manufacturing microcellular thermoplastic parts : a case study in axiomatic design (1988)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1988.
Symbiose aus Chemie und Biologie zum Studium von Proteinfunktionen (2006)

Chemisch-biologische Techniken zur Modifizierung von Proteinen haben sich als nützliche Hilfsmittel für die Untersuchung von Proteinfunktionen erwiesen. Ein Beispiel ist die Ligation exprimierter Proteine (EPL), mit deren Hilfe z. B. präparative Mengen phosphorylierter Tyrosinphosphatasen erhalten wurden, wodurch der Einfluss von Phosphorylierungen auf die Funktion von Phosphatasen charakterisiert werden konnte (siehe Bild; blau: Phosphatase, orange: synthetisches Peptid).
AN ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING SYSTEM CALLED ACED: DESIGNING FOR LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS AND ACCESSIBILITY (2007)

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a 3‐year, NSF‐funded research and development project called ACED: Adaptive Content with Evidence‐based Diagnosis. The purpose of the project was to design, develop, and evaluate an assessment for learning (AfL) system for diverse students, using Algebra I content related to geometric sequences (i.e., successive numbers linked by a common ratio). A key feature of the project was its dual focus on both learning effectiveness and accessibility. The project consisted of two studies. Study 1 ( N = 268) experimentally evaluated the impact on learning of two ACED features: (a) elaborated task feedback and (b) adaptive sequencing of tasks. Study 2 examined the accessibility of ACED for students with visual disabilities ( N = 4; two blind and two low‐vision)—in a condition involving both adaptive sequencing and elaborated feedback—using a variety of accessibility features. Available features included voicing of test content (via synthesized and prerecorded audio), talking tactile graphics, font enlargement, screen magnification, and so on. Together these studies lay groundwork for the design of AfL systems that can enhance the learning of individuals with and without disabilities.