gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of Llgl1 in retinal neuroepithelia reveals links between apical domain size, Notch activity and neurogenesis (2012)

To gain insights into the cellular mechanisms of neurogenesis, we analyzed retinal neuroepithelia deficient for Llgl1, a protein implicated in apicobasal cell polarity, asymmetric cell division, cell shape and cell cycle exit. We found that vertebrate retinal neuroepithelia deficient for Llgl1 retained overt apicobasal polarity, but had expanded apical domains. Llgl1 retinal progenitors also had increased Notch activity and reduced rates of neurogenesis. Blocking Notch function by depleting Rbpj restored normal neurogenesis. Experimental expansion of the apical domain, through inhibition of Shroom3, also increased Notch activity and reduced neurogenesis. Significantly, in wild-type retina, neurogenic retinal progenitors had smaller apical domains compared with proliferative neuroepithelia. As nuclear position during interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM) has been previously linked with cell cycle exit, we analyzed this phenomenon in cells depleted of Llgl1. We found that although IKNM was normal, the relationship between nuclear position and neurogenesis was shifted away from the apical surface, consistent with increased pro-proliferative and/or anti-neurogenic signals associated with the apical domain. These data, in conjunction with other findings, suggest that, in retinal neuroepithelia, the size of the apical domain modulates the strength of polarized signals that influence neurogenesis.
Security Engineering of Patient-Centered Health Care Information Systems in Peer-to-Peer Environments: Systematic Review (2021)

Despite the clear advantages of P2P PHSs, the absence of centralized controls and inconsistent views of the network on some P2P systems have profound adverse impacts in terms of security. The security issues identified in this study need to be addressed to increase patients' intention to use PHSs on P2P networks by making them safe to use.
The MRL-Ipr/Ipr Mouse. A Model for the Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis (1988)

Autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop a spontaneous destructive arthropathy sharing some features with rheumatoid arthritis including synovial cell proliferation, pannus formation, rheumatoid nodule-like lesions and circulating rheumatoid factors. Rheumatoid factors elaborated by MRL-lpr/lpr mice exhibit binding characteristics similar to those found in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis; however, these autoantibodies do not appear to be essential for the induction of arthritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Molecular studies, indicating that VH genes from several VH families are capable of encoding these rheumatoid factors, argue against the existence of unique "autoantibody genes" in the germline of MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Although the mechanisms underlying cartilage injury in MRL-lpr/lpr mice have not been elucidated, available evidence suggests that invading synovial cells play an important role. Delineation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for articular destruction in MRL-lpr/lpr mice may provide important insights concerning the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Citizens’ Rights (2021)

Abstract This chapter provides a detailed evaluation of one of the key separation challenges raised by Brexit and addressed in Part Two of the EU–UK Withdrawal Agreement: protecting the rights of EU citizens and UK nationals who had already exercised their free movement rights under EU law before the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020. EU free movement law provides the general baseline for calculating entitlement to protection and the content of future rights in fields such as residency, employment, and social security. However, the Withdrawal Agreement also contains various deviations from that EU law baseline, e.g. the UK’s EU Settlement Scheme is based on compulsory registration by EU citizens; e.g. the ‘golden cage’ whereby UK nationals are protected only in their state of residence, not across the whole EU. The Withdrawal Agreement also contains special rules on enforcement and interpretation of citizens’ rights—but they will not be sufficient to protect against the full effects of social exclusion or discrimination.
Cross-polarized wave generation by effective cubic nonlinear optical interaction (2001)

A new cubic nonlinear optical effect in which a linearly polarized wave propagating in a single quadratic medium is converted into a wave that is cross polarized to the input wave is observed in BBO crystal. The effect is explained by cascading of two different second-order processes: second-harmonic generation and difference frequency mixing.
Fungus diseases. Treatment of fungus diseases. (1888)

Inasmuch as the subject of the treatment of fungus diseases of bur cultivated plants has not received attention in previous bulletins issued by the station some practical suggestions in regard to a few diseases some of which have been experimented with on the college grounds during the season of 1890 will not be out of place. The loss to Iowa farmers and horticulturists from such diseases as rusts, smuts, mildews, apple scab, leaf-spot disease of the cherry, strawberry leaf blight, spot disease of currants and many others, caused by fungi, amounts to thousands of dollars every y ea r ; fortunately some of them are amenable to treatment with substances known as fungicides, which, when applied at the proper time, check the growth of the fungus. It is unfortunate, however, that the most serious pests of the farmer can as yet not be reached by these fungicides. Such diseases as rust of wheat and forage plants still continue to destroy the crops of the farmer, making it in some cases almost impossible to successfully grow some of the grains, of when grown there is great loss. To successfully treat such disease is a great problem, which can only be solved by carefully conducted experiments carried over a long series of years.\nIt will be well to briefly explain some terms in connection with fungi to make what I have to say more intelligible. Most of these enemies cannot be made out unless greatly magnified.
Structure and thermal stability of aliphatic polyoxamides (1973)

Abstract A homologous series of aliphatic polyoxamides, nylon 122, 102, 82, and 62, were prepared by the bulk polycondensation of dialkyl oxalates with diamines. Infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas chromatography were used to study the structure and thermal stability of these polyoxamides. From the fiber pattern of nylon 122, a structural repeat distance of 19.5 Å was measured. This was in close agreement with the expected value for an extended planar, zigzag chain conformation. With the exception of the expected decrease in the structural repeat distance along the chain axis resulting from the different number of methylene groups, nylons 122, 102, and 82 were isostructural. Nylon 62 appeared to pack in a similar manner to the other materials studied. However, there were differences in the diffraction pattern of this polymer; these may be indicative of a different chain conformation or of strain in the crystalline regions of the polymer. The infrared spectra indicate the presence of strong hydrogen bonding in all the polymers. Thermal analysis and pyrolysis data revealed catastrophic polymer degradation between 400 and 500°C in nitrogen, with appreciable homolytic cleavage of the oxamide group.
Hoplites and Ancient Greek Battle Fair. From Experimental Archaeology to Experiential Learning. An Insight View of Popularization Methods (2013)

Bakas -Hoplites and ancient greek battle
Reproducible Textures (1982)

The orientation distribution function of a textured polycrystalline material may be split into an even and odd part; the latter is not reproducible from pole figure measurements as has been recently shown. The class of textures containing only a reproducible part is considered. In the case of axially symmetric textures (fibre textures), these take on a very simple form. They are, however, not the only type of reproducible textures as has been assumed. A sample having a reproducible texture is centrosymmetric, even in the most general case of non‐centrosymmetric, enantiomorphic crystals of one crystal form only. Symmetry elements of this kind have been called non‐conventional ones. They may be described by black‐and‐white or Shubnikov groups. Reproducible textures correspond to a non‐conventional centre of inversion as an element of sample symmetry and vice versa.
Design and Optimal Research of a Non-Contact Adjustable Magnetic Adhesion Mechanism for a Wall-Climbing Welding Robot (2013)

Wall-climbing welding robots (WCWRs) can replace workers in manufacturing and maintaining large unstructured equipment, such as ships. The adhesion mechanism is the key component of WCWRs. As it is directly related to the robot's ability in relation to adsorbing, moving flexibly and obstacle-passing. In this paper, a novel non-contact adjustably magnetic adhesion mechanism is proposed. The magnet suckers are mounted under the robot's axils and the sucker and wall are in non-contact. In order to pass obstacles, the sucker and the wheel unit can be pulled up and pushed down by a lifting mechanism. The magnetic adhesion force can be adjusted by changing the height of the gap between the sucker and the wall by the lifting mechanism. In order to increase the adhesion force, the value of the sucker's magnetic energy density (MED) is maximized by optimizing the magnet sucker's structure parameters with a finite element method. Experiments prove that the magnetic adhesion mechanism has enough adhesion force and that the WCWR can complete wall-climbing work within a large unstructured environment.
Der Merkel-Zell-Tumor der Haut (2008)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Tube-type active scope camera with high mobility and practical functionality (2012)

An active scope camera (ASC) is a special type of videoscope for search and rescue operations; the ASC has a self-propelled mechanism with a ciliary vibration drive. From an analysis of the problems encountered with the conventional ASC during applications to practical disaster environments, we propose a new tube-type ASC with enhanced mobility and practical functionality for rescue activities. We designed a smart structure to mount vibration motors on a long tubular cable without any rigid projections. A suitable tubular cable material was also selected experimentally to propagate the vibration efficiently. We integrated several practical functions such as a head bending structure, an auditory communication system, and a gravity indicator for the head orientation. We conducted several fundamental performance experiments. Finally, the enhanced performance of the tube-type ASC for practical use was demonstrated at a training site for first responders.
Simultaneous Data Regeneration and Digital Label Swapping in an SOA-MZI Device (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We demonstrate all-optical regeneration of a 10-Gb/s data stream, with bit-error-rate improvement, simultaneously with digital label swapping, in a monolithically integrated semiconductor optical amplifier Mach–Zehnder interferometer device. </para>
[The effect of NAD kinase homologues on the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with the double bond at an even position in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. (2006)

ATP-NAD kinase phosphorylates NAD to produce NADP by using ATP, whereas ATP-NADH kinase phosphorylates both NAD and NADH. Three NAD kinase homologues, namely, Utr1p, Pos5p and Utr1p, exist in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which were all confirmed as ATP-NADH kinases and found to be important to supply NADP(H) for yeast cells. In S. cerevisiae, fatty acid beta-oxidation is restricted to peroxisomes and peroxisomal NADPH is required for beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with the double bonds at even positions. Single and double gene disruption strains of NAD kinase genes, i.e., utr1, pos5, yef1, utr1yef1, utr1pos5 and yef1pos5 were constructed by PCR-targeting method. The utilization ability of these mutants for unsaturated fatty acids with the double bonds at even or uneven positions was examined, with wild type BY4742 as positive control cell, and fatty-acyl-CoA oxidase gene deletion mutant (fox1) and peroxisomal NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isoenzymes gene deletion mutant (idp3) as negative control cells. The results indicated that the NAD kinase homologues, especially Pos5p, were critical for supplying NADP and then NADPH in peroxisomal matrix. NADP, which was supplied mainly by Utr1p, Pos5p and Yef1p, particularly by Pos5p, was proposed to be able to transfer from outside of peroxisome into peroxisomal matrix and then converted to NADPH by Idp3p.
Data from S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a &lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt; model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant Ras&lt;sup&gt;Val12&lt;/sup&gt; and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(3); 780–9. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Analysis of voltage overscaled computer arithmetics in low power signal processing systems (2008)

This work concerns the design of low power signal processing systems at overscaled supply voltage, in which the behavior of computer arithmetic units in response to overscaled voltage plays an importance role. We show that different hardware implementations of the same computer arithmetic function may respond to overscaled voltage very differently and result in different energy saving potential. Therefore, we develop an analytical approach to estimate the statistics of computer arithmetic computation errors due to supply voltages overscaling. Compared with computation intensive circuit simulations, this analytical approach can be several orders of magnitude faster and meanwhile achieve a reasonable accuracy.
MxB Is Not Responsible for the Blocking of HIV-1 Infection Observed in Alpha Interferon-Treated Cells (2015)

MxB is a restriction factor that blocks HIV-1 infection in human cells. Although it has been postulated that MxB is the factor that blocks HIV-1 infection in IFN-α-treated cells, this is a hard concept to grasp due to the great number of genes that are induced by IFN-α in cells from the immune system. The work presented here elegantly demonstrates that MxB has minimal or no contribution to the ability of IFN-α-treated human cells to block HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, this work suggests the presence of novel restriction factors in IFN-α-treated human cells that block HIV-1 infection.
Calcification and ossification in goiter (2021)

There is little literature on calcification and ossification in goiter. We found the most complete description of this pathology in the work of V.N. Shubin (1931), who met calcification 19 times on 112 operated goiters.
Application of lipase to reduce ONP flotation rejects Part 1. Changes in hydrophobicity (2008)

Cleaner and cheaper deinking of old newspaper (ONP) is possible under neutral or low alkaline conditions. Yet excessive reject from froth-flotation is unavoidable under these conditions; reduction of alkali dosage sacrifices the yield of ONP recycling. Instead of alkali, deinking operations could use lipase as a biocatalyst for the selective hydration of some hydrophobic particles in deinking stock, such as cellulose fines and inorganic fillers covered by hydrophobic sizing agents, binders, or contaminants. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus significantly affects ester linkage break down, which causes desizing of cellulose, deacetylation of PVAc, and dealcohol of SB latex films. We suggest that lipase is a better choice to change the hydrophobicity of ONP than conventional inorganic alkali.
Blood Transcriptomic Meta-analysis Identifies Dysregulation of Hemoglobin and Iron Metabolism in Parkinson’ Disease (2017)

Disrupted iron metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects movement and coordination, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. To this end, we performed a transcriptomic meta-analysis of four blood microarrays in PD. We observed a significant downregulation of genes related to hemoglobin including, hemoglobin delta (<i>HBD</i>), alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein (<i>ASHP</i>), genes implicated in iron metabolism including, solute carrier family 11 member 2 (<i>SLC11A2</i>), ferrochelatase (<i>FECH</i>), and erythrocyte-specific genes including erythrocyte membrane protein (<i>EPB42</i>), and 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (<i>ALAS2</i>). Pathway and network analysis identified enrichment in processes related to mitochondrial membrane, oxygen transport, oxygen and heme binding, hemoglobin complex, erythrocyte development, tetrapyrrole metabolism and the spliceosome. Collectively, we identified a subnetwork of genes in blood that may provide a molecular explanation for the disrupted hemoglobin and iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of PD.
Transformation of a transposon construct into tomato for functional genomics studies (2013)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the Solanaceae family. In this research project tomato, more specifically the M82 cultivar was chosen as a model plant for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer by cotyledon inoculation. Our objective was to transform tomato with a T-DNA construct bearing a transposon from maize that can be used for mutagenesis when it transposes or moves around the genome of the tomato. The vector used is a two-component in-cis Ac-Ds system which needs a single transformation event. It was proved that it worked in Arabidopsis and rice according to Trijatmiko (2005). The construct consists of the BAR gene conferring resistance to herbicide Basta, hygromycin (HYG) gene conferring resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, which are driven by specific plant promoters. The selectable marker genes such as HYG and BAR were used to select the rare transformation events by making the transformed tomato tissue resistant to the toxic chemicals (antibiotic and herbicide) compared to the untransformed tissue in which growth was inhibited. The results described consist of developing a transformation protocol which enabled the production of transgenic tomato lines by the help of the antibiotic augmetin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). The transgenic lines were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and herbicide bioassays.
MRI dynamics of brain and spinal cord in progressive multiple sclerosis. (1996)

Although the detection of new lesions by frequent cord imaging using current technology has little role in the monitoring of disease activity in progressive multiple sclerosis, the serial measurement of cord cross sectional area may be important. There is also evidence to suggest that the mechanism underlying irreversible disability in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis may be different in patients who continue to relapse than in those who do not.
Metathesis Catalysts with Fluorinated Unsymmetrical NHC Ligands (2015)

The synthesis of new fluorinated ruthenium(II) carbene second-generation precatalysts with unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene ligands has been developed. The reaction profiles of these complexes have been studied in RCM with model substrates such as diethyl diallyl- and allylmethallyl-malonate, and CM model reaction of allylbenzene with 1,4-diacetoxybut-2-ene. In olefin metathesis reactions, the new fluorinated second-generation Grubbs complexes exhibit comparable activity with respect to commercially available Grubbs catalysts. On the other hand, in RCM reactions, the Hoveyda-type catalysts present a latent character, which is not present in the classical second-generation Hoveyda catalyst.
Theory for the anomalous electron transport in Hall effect thrusters. I. Insights from particle-in-cell simulations (2016)

Using a 1D particle-in-cell simulation with perpendicular electric, E0, and magnetic, B0, fields, and modelling the azimuthal direction (i.e., the E0 × B0 direction), we study the cross-field electron transport in Hall effect thrusters (HETs). For low plasma densities, the electron transport is found to be well described by classical electron-neutral collision theory, but at sufficiently high densities (representative of typical HETs), a strong instability is observed to significantly enhance the electron mobility, even in the absence of electron-neutral collisions. This instability is associated with correlated high-frequency (of the order of MHz) and short-wavelength (of the order of mm) fluctuations in both the electric field and the plasma density, which are shown to be the cause of the anomalous transport. Saturation of the instability is observed to occur due to a combination of ion-wave trapping in the E0 × B0 direction, and convection in the E0 direction.
Improving GPU NoC Power Efficiency through Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (2019)

High throughput in data communication is of great significance for GPU accelerated systems in order to fully exploit thread level parallelism. Different traffic patterns between GPU NoCs and CPU NoCs lead to suboptimal performance in GPU NoCs that directly adapt from CPU NoCs. Moreover, for GPU NoCs, two networks are usually employed to avoid deadlocks between requests and reply messages. Another important feature of GPU NoCs is the unbalanced traffic load between request network and reply network. This feature often causes the reply network to be congested while the request network is idle. Based on these features of GPU NoCs, this paper proposes a technique called Stop Request Network (SRN). SRN works by stopping request network to reduce energy cost when congestion occurs in the reply network. Our evaluation results show that SRN can save power by 10% with negligible performance degradation.