gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pig-a Mutation: Kinetics in Rat Erythrocytes Following Exposure to Five Prototypical Mutagens (2009)

An in vivo mutation assay has been developed based on flow cytometric enumeration of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor-deficient rat erythrocytes. With this method, blood is incubated with anti-CD59-PE and SYTO 13 dye, and flow cytometry is used to score the frequency of CD59-negative erythrocytes. The experiments described herein were designed to define the kinetics of mutant erythrocyte appearance and disappearance from peripheral blood to support appropriate treatment and sampling designs for the assay. Wistar Han rats were treated with one of five prototypical mutagens: N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU); 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA); 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; benzo[a]pyrene; and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. ENU and DMBA were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were treated on three consecutive days (days 1-3) via oral gavage, and blood specimens were obtained on days -1, 4, 15, 30, 45, and 90 (and day 180 for ENU). A second endpoint of genotoxicity, the frequency of peripheral blood micronucleated reticulocytes, was measured on day 4. Each chemical induced micronuclei and the GPI anchor-deficient phenotype. Increased mutant cell frequencies were evident at day 15. Mutant reticulocyte frequencies remained relatively stable for some chemicals, but others peaked and then dropped significantly. The differences in kinetics observed are presumably related to the degree to which mutation occurs in hematopoietic stem cells versus more committed cells with limited self-renewal capacity. Collectively, the results suggest that enumerating GPI anchor-deficient erythrocytes is an efficient means of evaluating the in vivo mutagenic potential of chemicals. The kinetics and ease of scoring this blood-based endpoint suggest that integration into routine toxicology studies will be feasible.
Field Widened Michelson Spectrometer with No Moving Parts (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Joseph G. Hirschberg, "Field Widened Michelson Spectrometer with No Moving Parts," Appl. Opt. 13, 233-234 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Enhancement of Growth, Lipid, and Carbohydrate Production of the Egyptian isolate Dunaliella salina SA20 Using Mozzarella Cheese Whey as a Growth Supplement (2022)

THE growth of Dunaliella salina SA20 (Dunal) Teodoresco Egyptian isolate (from El-Bardawil Lake, Sinai, Egypt) in wastewater is a more cost-effective cultivation method. Wastewater, such as mozzarella cheese whey (MCW), is produced in massive quantities as a dairy industry byproduct, and growing D. salina in such waste could be used safely in biotechnological applications. Applying different organic MCW ratios to inorganic Loeblich nutrient medium (20, 50, 75% v/v MCW/Loeblich) as growth supplement allowed mixotrophic nutrition, while growth in completely inorganic medium (100% Loeblich medium) allowed for autotrophic nutrition. The optimum growth performance of D. salina cells was observed in 20% MCW and was indicated by measured values of chlorophyll a (10.51mg/L), dry weight (405mg/L), cell count (6.92 x 106cell/ml), and optical density (1.12). Using 20% MCW, different pH values were applied to explore the pH effect on nutrient availability, and pH 7.5 was found to be optimal for growth. Additionally, a growth curve experiment comparing the mix- and autotrophic conditions presented higher values of the relative mean and maximum growth rates in mixotrophic conditions (0.19, 0.21 day−1, respectively) than in the autotrophic conditions (0.16, 0.18 day−1, respectively).
Abnormal Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity After Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction (2000)

After RVOTR, postsynaptic ss-sensitivity is maintained and is important in DeltaHR during exercise, as is PSNA, although ventricular sympathetic denervation is common. Impaired PSNA immediately after RVOTR improves with improved DeltaHR and results in future amelioration of aerobic capacity, whereas ventricular sympathetic reinnervation is uncertain.
Natural Genetic Variation Influences Protein Abundances in C. elegans Developmental Signalling Pathways (2016)

Complex traits, including common disease-related traits, are affected by many different genes that function in multiple pathways and networks. The apoptosis, MAPK, Notch, and Wnt signalling pathways play important roles in development and disease progression. At the moment we have a poor understanding of how allelic variation affects gene expression in these pathways at the level of translation. Here we report the effect of natural genetic variation on transcript and protein abundance involved in developmental signalling pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. We used selected reaction monitoring to analyse proteins from the abovementioned four pathways in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from the wild-type strains N2 (Bristol) and CB4856 (Hawaii) to enable quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. About half of the cases from the 44 genes tested showed a statistically significant change in protein abundance between various strains, most of these were however very weak (below 1.3-fold change). We detected a distant QTL on the left arm of chromosome II that affected protein abundance of the phosphatidylserine receptor protein PSR-1, and two separate QTLs that influenced embryonic and ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis on chromosome IV. Our results demonstrate that natural variation in C. elegans is sufficient to cause significant changes in signalling pathways both at the gene expression (transcript and protein abundance) and phenotypic levels.
AT-10 * SURGERY (S) AND PERMANENT INTRAOPERATIVE BRACHYTHERAPY (BT) IMPROVES TIME TO PROGRESSION OF RECURRENT INTRACRANIAL NEOPLASMS: A REPORT OF 27 CASES USING A MODULAR, BIOCOMPATIBLE CARRIER AND REAL-TIME DOSIMETRIC PLANNING (2014)

BACKGROUND: We report our experience using surgery (S) and permanent brachytherapy (BT) implants in the treatment of 27 separate recurrent/progressive intracranial neoplasms in 20 adult patients, all of whom had progressed despite prior standard of care treatment. Tumors treated: Grade II meningioma (9), Grade III meningioma (5), metastases (7), high grade glioma (4), craniopharyngioma (1) and dural sarcoma (1). Prior same site surgeries: mean 2, range 0-4. Prior same site RT courses: mean 2, range 1-3. Prior cumulative radiation dose: mean 70.5 Gy, range 50-89 Gy. METHODS: All patients underwent resection and intraoperative BT utilizing a modular-design biocompatible radiation-source carrier and Cs-131 in seed form. The modular geometry of the carrier, with placement under direct visualization, enabled real-time dosimetry with 60 Gy at 5 mm depth utilized for all cases. Cox's proportional-hazards model was used to model the effect of BT, with each tumor serving as its own control. RESULTS: Median progression-free survival (PFS) for prior treatment was 5.8 months (range 1-27 months). Following S + BT, only one patient, with chondrosarcoma, has progressed in the treated area (after 5 months). Thus, median PFS has not been reached for S + BT (follow-up range 0.13-21.5 months; hazard ratio 0.05, p < 0.0001, log-rank test). Time added to surgery averaged 20 min. Mean number of seed sources used was 21 (range 4-41); mean implanted mCi 101 (range 9-228). One tumor bed had clinically silent, biopsy proven radiation necrosis. No other patient has had symptomatic or asymptomatic necrosis. 8 patients have died: 5 of intracranial progression away from the treated area(s), 2 from extracranial causes, and 1 post-op death unrelated to the implant. CONCLUSION: Resection and precise intraoperative BT made possible by the carrier design demonstrate excellent early results in this ongoing, IRB approved trial for patients with recurrent intracranial neoplasms.
Clear-Cut Detection in Swedish Boreal Forest Using Multi-Temporal ALOS PALSAR Backscatter Data (2010)

An extensive dataset of images acquired by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) is investigated for clear-cut detection in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. Strong forest/non-forest contrast and temporal consistency were found for the Fine Beam Dual HV-polarized backscatter in summer/fall. In consequence of a clear-cut between image acquisitions, the HV-backscatter dropped in most cases between 2 and 3 dB. Thus, a simple thresholding algorithm that exploits the temporal consistency of time series of HV-backscatter measurements has been developed for clear-cut detection. The detection algorithm was applied at pixel level to ALOS PALSAR strip images with a pixel size of 50 m. The performance of the detection algorithm was tested with three different threshold values (2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 dB). The classification accuracy increased from 57.4% to 78.2% for decreasing value of the threshold. Conversely, the classification error increased from 3.0% to 9.7%. For about 90% of the clear-felled polygons used for accuracy assessment the proportion of pixels correctly detected as clear-felled was above 50% when using a threshold value of 2.0 dB. For the threshold values of 2.5 and 3.0 dB the corresponding figures were 80% and 65%, respectively. The total area classified as clear-felled during the time frame of the ALOS PALSAR data differed by 5% compared to an estimate of notified fellings for the same period of time when using a detection threshold of 2.5 dB. The performance of the simple detection algorithm is reasonable when aiming at detecting clear-cuts, whereas there are shortcomings in terms of delineation.
Genomic prediction models trained with historical records enable populating the German ex situ genebank bio-digital resource center of barley (Hordeum sp.) with information on resistances to soilborne barley mosaic viruses (2021)

Genomic prediction with special weight of major genes is a valuable tool to populate bio-digital resource centers. Phenotypic information of crop genetic resources is a prerequisite for an informed selection that aims to broaden the genetic base of the elite breeding pools. We investigated the potential of genomic prediction based on historical screening data of plant responses against the Barley yellow mosaic viruses for populating the bio-digital resource center of barley. Our study includes dense marker data for 3838 accessions of winter barley, and historical screening data of 1751 accessions for Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and of 1771 accessions for Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Linear mixed models were fitted by considering combinations for the effects of genotypes, years, and locations. The best linear unbiased estimations displayed a broad spectrum of plant responses against BaYMV and BaMMV. Prediction abilities, computed as correlations between predictions and observed phenotypes of accessions, were low for the marker-assisted selection approach amounting to 0.42. In contrast, prediction abilities of genomic best linear unbiased predictions were high, with values of 0.62 for BaYMV and 0.64 for BaMMV. Prediction abilities of genomic prediction were improved by up to ~ 5% using W-BLUP, in which more weight is given to markers with significant major effects found by association mapping. Our results outline the utility of historical screening data and W-BLUP model to predict the performance of the non-phenotyped individuals in genebank collections. The presented strategy can be considered as part of the different approaches used in genebank genomics to valorize genetic resources for their usage in disease resistance breeding and research.
The renoprotective effects of naringin and trimetazidine on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibition of apoptosis and downregulation of micoRNA-10a (2019)

Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) injury occurs due to circulatory shock and renal transplantation, leading to mortality and morbidity worldwide. The primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of the naringin (NAR) and trimetazidine (TMZ) on IR injury, renal hemodynamics, antioxidant capacity, microRNA-10a, and expression of apoptosis factors. Forty rats were divided into five groups randomly: Sham, IR injury, (TMZ, 5 mg/kg), (NAR pretreatment, 100 mg/kg), and TMZ plus NAR. The sham group underwent the identical surgical procedure as the other groups, except for the application of clamps. After anesthesia, IR injury was induced by 45 min of ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Tissue and blood samples were collected for evaluation of renal function, antioxidant activity and, biochemical and molecular parameters. Administration of the NAR, TMZ, and their combination decreased the plasma level of microRNA-10a, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax) mRNA expression, but increased the B- cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression in the kidney tissue. In addition, antioxidant activity, renal blood flow, creatinine clearance (C<sub>Cr</sub>), and fractional excretion of sodium (FE<sub>Na</sub>) were improved. The NAR, TMZ, and their combination can prevent renal I/R injury through promotion of the level of antioxidant enzymes, as well as decrease of microRNA-10a and anti-apoptosis properties. Our data also suggest that NAR, TMZ, or their combination might be beneficial as potent therapeutic factors against renal IR injury.
Tunneling, resistive and structural study of NbN and other superconducting nitrides (1985)

A straightforward method for producing metal nitrides, which we call Thin Film Diffusion (TFD), has been developed. With this technique we produced films of cubic nitrides (NbN, ZrN, VN, TiN) with superconducting transition temperatures up to 17.25K in NbN (equal to the highest known in this material), and up to 9.4K in VN (0.6K higher than the highest previously reported value). Resistive transitions are less than 0.1K in width, indicating, together with x-rays, that the samples are homogeneous and essentially single BI phase. In NbN the relatively low resistivity ρ(20K) = 65 μΩcm and metallic resistance ratio ρ(300K)/ρ(20K) - 1.2 were found. TFD films open up new possibilities in tunneling and other experiments on cubic nitrides. Our present results include determination of the strong coupling parameter 2Δ(0)kT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> = 4.31 and of the electron-phonon coupling function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha^{2} F(\omega)</tex> in NbN. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha^{2} F(\omega)</tex> is found to have a peak at ∼13 meV, which explains the strong-coupling nature of NbN. In resistive studies we found an interesting similarity between the low temperature resistivity behavior of cubic nitrides and A-15 superconductors.
Localization of N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate Receptors in the Rat Striatum: Effects of Specific Lesions on the [3H]3‐(2‐Carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propyl‐1‐Phosphonic Acid Binding (1990)

Abstract: The binding of [ 3 H]3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid ([ 3 H]CPP), a rigid analogue of 2‐amino‐7‐phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7) and reported to be a selective N ‐methyl d ‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, was studied in rat striatal membranes using a centrifugation procedure to separate bound and free radioligand. [ 3 H]CPP bound with high affinity ( K d = 272 n M ) in a saturable, reversible, and protein concentration‐dependent manner, Specific binding was suggested to involve a single class of noninteracting binding sites. The most potent [[ 3 H]CPP binding inhibitors tested were CPP, l ‐glutamate, 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate, and AP7, NMDA, l ‐aspartate, and α‐aminoadipate were also shown to be efficient in inhibiting the binding, whereas quisqualate, d,l ‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate, kainate, l ‐glutamate diethylester, and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid were found to be essentially inactive. These data are therefore consistent with the view that [ 3 H]CPP selectively binds to NMDA receptors in the rat striatum. Lesions of intrastriatal neurons using local injections of kainic acid revealed a marked decrease in [ 3 H]CPP binding, suggesting an almost exclusively postsynaptic location of binding sites in the striatum. Conversely, bilateral lesion of corticostriatal glutamatergic fibers resulted in an increased number of [ 3 H]CPP striatal binding sites, providing evidence for a putative supersensitivity response to this striatal deafferentation. Interestingly, lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons using intranigral 6‐hydroxydopamine injections resulted, 2–3 weeks later, in a similar increase in the number of [ 3 H]CPP striatal binding sites. These data suggest the occurrence of functional receptor‐receptor interregulations at the postsynaptic level between dopaminergic and NMDA receptors in complement with the interactions occurring at the presynaptic level between glutamatergic and dopaminergic nerve terminals.
Effect of Y content and equal channel angular pressing on the microstructure, texture and mechanical property of extruded Mg-Y alloys (2020)

The microstructure, texture and mechanical property evolution of the extruded Mg-xY (x = 1, 5 wt.%) alloys during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were systematically investigated using an optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and uniaxial tensile test. The Mg-Y alloys exhibited a weakened basal texture before the ECAP, and the texture was further weakened with the max basal poles dispersed along ∼45° between the extrusion direction and the transverse direction after the ECAP. The Mg-5Y alloys always exhibited a finer grain size comparing to that of Mg-1Y for the same ECAP process. With a proper ECAP process, both the strength and elongation of Mg-5Y alloy could be improved simultaneously after the ECAP, i.e., the yield strength (273.9 ± 1.2 MPa), ultimate strength (306.4 ± 3.0 MPa), and elongation (23.9 ± 1.0%) were increased by 10%, 6%, and 72%, respectively, comparing to that before the ECAP. This was considered to be arose from the combined effects of grain refinement, significant improved microstructure homogeneity and solid solution hardening. In addition, it was found that Mg-Y alloy with better comprehensive properties could be obtained by the decreasing-temperature ECAP processes. The yield strength-grain size relationship could be well described by the Hall-Petch relation for all the ECAPed Mg-Y alloys, which was consistent with that the texture changes did not significantly affect the average Schmid factors of basal, prismatic and pyramidal slips for both Mg-Y alloys.
Content editing (2019)

Content editing is checking and amending a text for its ideas—what it says about the subject matter. As with structural editing, content editing takes place both on the large scale (the macro-level) and the small scale (the micro-level). This chapter will be principally concerned with those micro-level tasks which translators are most commonly called upon to perform, namely the correction of factual, logical and mathematical errors. No hard and fast boundary can be drawn between outright errors of fact on the one hand and problems such as obscure passages or confused theoretical notions on the other; these will all be discussed together under the heading ‘factual errors’.
NFA decomposition and multiprocessing architecture for parallel regular expression processing (2009)

This work presents a novel algorithm for decomposing NFA automata into one-state-active modules for parallel execution on multiprocessor systems on chip (MP-SoC). Furthermore, performance related studies based on a 16-PE system for Snort, Bro and Linux-L7 regular expressions are presented.
Beacon Placement for Indoor Localization using Bluetooth (2008)

We describe a method for determining the location of a mobile device, such as a handheld computer or mobile phone, in an indoor environment using Bluetooth beacons. Since it uses inexpensive commodity devices, this method is inexpensive to deploy. The limited range of Bluetooth reception is used to advantage. Another important advantage of this method is that it allows the mobile device to determine its location while remaining anonymous, unidentified to the beacons or other nearby devices. In such a deployment, an important design task is the placement of beacons. Signal propagation in indoor environments is complex, affected by factors such as floor-plans and duct-work, varying transmission and reflection properties of building materials and furniture, and interference from other devices. Therefore, the area from which a beacon is visible is very irregular and not well approximated by simple models such as ellipsoids. Our solution permits complex reception characteristics to be accurately modeled and provides a simple method for choosing beacon locations.
Carbon Mass Balance Evaluation of Cellulase Production on Soluble and Insoluble Substrates (2002)

A methodology is described and applied for performing carbon mass balances across cellulase enzyme production processes using both soluble sugar and insoluble cellulose substrates. The fungus Trichoderma reesei was grown on either glucose, lactose, or cellulose in aerobic batch mode, and the evolution of the main carbonaceous components (cell mass, cellulose, soluble protein, adsorbed protein, sugars, and carbon dioxide) was followed. A variety of analytical techniques were utilized to measure these components, including (i) gravimetric analysis, (ii) near-infrared spectroscopy, (iii) bicinchoninic acid based soluble protein measurement, (iv) gas mass spectrometry and flow rate, (v) CHNS/O elemental analyses, and (vi) high-performance liquid chromatography. The combined set of measurements allowed carbon mass balances across the cellulase production process to be assessed to determine the consistency of the underlying kinetic data. Results demonstrate the capability to determine the levels and distribution of all major carbonaceous components during the cellulase production process on both soluble and insoluble substrates. Average carbon mass balance closures were near 100% during early stages (<72 h) of the cultivations using glucose, lactose, or cellulose as the substrates, but carbon mass closures trended high later in the cultivation. Analysis of carbon allocation results suggests that an error in the gas mass flow rate measurement was the primary cause for carbon mass balance closures to exceed 110% late in the process.