gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular permeability in cancer and infection as related to macromolecular drug delivery, with emphasis on the EPR effect for tumor-selective drug targeting (2012)

Tumor and inflammation have many common features. One hallmark of both is enhanced vascular permeability, which is mediated by various factors including bradykinin, nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite, prostaglandins etc. A unique characteristic of tumors, however, is defective vascular anatomy. The enhanced vascular permeability in tumors is also distinctive in that extravasated macromolecules are not readily cleared. We utilized the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of tumors for tumor selective delivery of macromolecular drugs. Consequently, such drugs, nanoparticles or lipid particles, when injected intravenously, selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and remain there for long periods. The EPR effect of tumor tissue is frequently inhomogeneous and the heterogeneity of the EPR effect may reduce the tumor delivery of macromolecular drugs. Therefore, we developed methods to augment the EPR effect without inducing adverse effects for instance raising the systemic blood pressure by infusing angiotensin II during arterial injection of SMANCS/Lipiodol. This method was validated in clinical setting. Further, benefits of utilization of NO-releasing agent such as nitroglycerin or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were demonstrated. The EPR effect is thus now widely accepted as the most basic mechanism for tumor-selective targeting of macromolecular drugs, or so-called nanomedicine.
Elevados niveles séricos de lipoproteína (a) en una población afro-venezolana (2005)

Resumen es: Altas concentraciones de Lipoproteina (a) [Lp(a)] son consideradas un factor de riesgo independiente para la enfermedad cardiovascular, sin embargo su de...
Happily together forever: temporal variation in spatial patterns and complete lack of territoriality in a promiscuous rodent (2013)

Abstract The availability of resources, their effect on population density and territoriality, and the ways in which these factors are interwoven with mating systems are important determinants of small mammal space use. It is often difficult to study these patterns in an integrated way, however, especially because long‐term data are needed but not readily available. In this paper, we investigate effects of population density, season and breeding status on home range patterns of the promiscuous rodent Mastomys natalensis using monthly capture‐mark‐recapture data collected over 17 years in a 3‐ha grid. Home ranges were estimated using minimum convex polygons bounded by trap locations, and home range overlap and visitation rates were calculated as a measure of territoriality. As higher population densities coincide with increased resource availability, we predicted that home range sizes would correlate negatively with density. Furthermore, as M. natalensis is promiscuous and population densities are generally high, we predicted that territoriality would be low, and home range overlap would therefore be high. Contrary to expectations the home ranges of female adults increased with population density, although those of male adults and subadults followed the expected decrease. Home range overlap and visitation rates were generally high, and increased significantly with population density. More importantly, they were never lower than those of simulated datasets consisting of randomly moved home ranges. These results therefore suggest that M. natalensis displays a complete lack of territoriality that is rarely seen in small mammals but still meets predictions based on knowledge of density and mating system.
Less-invasive non-embedded cell cutting by nanomanipulation and vibrating nanoknife (2017)

The less-invasive non-embedded cell cutting or slicing technique provides opportunities for a bio-study at subcellular scale, but there are few effective solutions available at the current stage. This paper reports a robot-aided vibrating system for less-invasive non-embedded cell cutting and investigates the role of key vibrating parameters in the cell cutting process. First, a nanoknife with sharp angle 5° is fabricated from a commercial atomic force microscope cantilever by focused ion beam etching and a vibrating system is constructed from a piezo actuator. Then, they are integrated with a self-developed nanorobotic manipulation system inside an environment scanning electron microscope. After that, we choose yeast cells as the sample to implement the vibrating cutting and investigate the effect of vibrating parameters (frequency and amplitude) on cell cutting quality. The results clearly indicate that the vibrating nanoknife is able to reduce the cutting force and improve the cutting quality. It is also suggested that the repeated load-unload (impact) cycle is the main reason for the better performance of vibrating cutting. The effect of vibrating parameters at small scale benefits our fundamental understanding on cell mechanics, and this research paves a way for the low-destructive non-embedded cell cutting and promotes the practical cell cutting techniques.
[The antiacidotic and cardioprotective effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and dehydroascorbic acid]. (1992)

The antiacidotic and cardioprotective effects of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and fructose-1,6-diphosphate were compared in experiments of rats. It was found that the both compounds exhibit the antiacidotic effect on the model of metabolic acidosis in the isolated hypoxic heart, decrease the excess-lactate degree, increase ATP level in the myocardium and reduce the size of the necrosis area 4 hours after the modelling of myocardial infarction. The significance of the antiacidotic component in the mechanism of the cardioprotective action of the energy-supplying agents is concluded.
Respiratory dynamics during laughter (2001)

Lung and chest wall mechanics were studied during fits of laughter in 11 normal subjects. Laughing was naturally induced by showing clips of the funniest scenes from a movie by Roberto Benigni. Chest wall volume was measured by using a three-dimensional optoelectronic plethysmography and was partitioned into upper thorax, lower thorax, and abdominal compartments. Esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pga) pressures were measured in seven subjects. All fits of laughter were characterized by a sudden occurrence of repetitive expiratory efforts at an average frequency of 4.6 +/- 1.1 Hz, which led to a final drop in functional residual capacity (FRC) by 1.55 +/- 0.40 liter (P < 0.001). All compartments similarly contributed to the decrease of lung volumes. The average duration of the fits of laughter was 3.7 +/- 2.2 s. Most of the events were associated with sudden increase in Pes well beyond the critical pressure necessary to generate maximum expiratory flow at a given lung volume. Pga increased more than Pes at the end of the expiratory efforts by an average of 27 +/- 7 cmH2O. Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) at FRC and at 10% and 20% control forced vital capacity below FRC was significantly higher than Pdi at the same absolute lung volumes during a relaxed maneuver at rest (P < 0.001). We conclude that fits of laughter consistently lead to sudden and substantial decrease in lung volume in all respiratory compartments and remarkable dynamic compression of the airways. Further mechanical stress would have applied to all the organs located in the thoracic cavity if the diaphragm had not actively prevented part of the increase in abdominal pressure from being transmitted to the chest wall cavity.
Implications of Genetic Findings for Understanding Schizophrenia (2012)

From the perspective of those of us working on the genetics of schizophrenia, recent progress in identifying specific genetic risk factors at highly robust levels of statistical significance has been striking. However, the prevailing response among other schizophrenia researchers and some funders, families, and sufferers is often one of disappointment. In particular, it is often claimed that these discoveries explain only a small proportion of the genetic risk and hence tell us little about the nature of schizophrenia. The purpose of this article is to persuade you that recent genetic findings, while only revealing the tip of a complex genetic iceberg, already have profound implications for our general understanding of the classification and pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related disorders and that these have implications for schizophrenia research of all kinds.
A novel approach to interpenetrating networks of epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane (2007)

Abstract A novel methodology for preparing interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) between an epoxy resin, diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was proposed. The vinyl‐terminated PDMS (vinyl‐PDMS) was partially crosslinked with hydrogen‐containing PDMS (H‐PDMS) and was mixed with DGEBA, modified silica ( m ‐silica), and a methyl tetrahydrophtalic anhydride (MTHPA) curing agent. Subsequently, the curing reactions of the DGEBA/ m ‐silica and PDMS were allowed to occur separately and simultaneously leading to an IPN. The m ‐silica played a double‐fold role: Cocuring with DGEBA and H‐bonding with the oxygen atoms on the PDMS segments, and thus acted as a compatibilizer between DGEBA and PDMS and promoted the generation of the IPN structure. The resulted partially miscible structure was characterized through the dispersion of silica particles and the glass transition behavior of the samples. The mechanical properties of the IPNs were also investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Reaction of Some 4,6‐Dimethoxyindoles with Nitric Acid: Nitration and Oxidative Dimerization. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Further Insights into the Spectroscopic Properties, Electronic Structure, and Kinetics of Formation of the Heme−Peroxo−Copper Complex [(F8TPP)FeIII−(O22-)−CuII(TMPA)]+ (2007)

In the further development and understanding of heme-copper O2-reduction chemistry inspired by the active-site chemistry in cytochrome c oxidase, we describe a dioxygen adduct, [(F8TPP)FeIII-(O22-)-CuII(TMPA)](ClO4) (3), formed by addition of O2 to a 1:1 mixture of the porphyrinate-iron(II) complex (F8TPP)FeII (1a) {F8TPP = tetrakis(2,6-difluorophenyl)porphyrinate dianion} and the copper(I) complex [(TMPA)CuI(MeCN)](ClO4) (1b) {TMPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine}. Complex 3 forms in preference to heme-only or copper-only binuclear products, is remarkably stable {t1/2 (RT; MeCN) approximately 20 min; lambda max = 412 (Soret), 558 nm; EPR silent}, and is formulated as a peroxo complex on the basis of manometry {1a/1b/O2 = 1:1:1}, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry {16O2, m/z 1239 [(3 + MeCN)+]; 18O2, m/z 1243}, and resonance Raman spectroscopy {nu(O-O) = 808 cm-1; Delta16O2/18O2 = 46 cm-1; Delta16O2/16/18O2 = 23 cm-1}. Consistent with a mu-eta2:eta1 bridging peroxide ligand, two metal-O stretching frequencies are observed {nu(Fe-O) = 533 cm-1, nu(Fe-O-Cu) = 511 cm-1}, and supporting normal coordinate analysis is presented. 2H and 19F NMR spectroscopies reveal that 3 is high-spin {also muB = 5.1 +/- 0.2, Evans method} with downfield-shifted pyrrole and upfield-shifted TMPA resonances, similar to the pattern observed for the structurally characterized mu-oxo complex [(F8TPP)FeIII-O-CuII(TMPA)]+ (4) (known S = 2 system, antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin FeIII and CuII). Mössbauer spectroscopy exhibits a sharp quadrupole doublet (zero field; delta = 0.57 mm/s, |DeltaEQ| = 1.14 mm/s) for 3, with isomer shift and magnetic field dependence data indicative of a peroxide ligand and S = 2 formulation. Both UV-visible-monitored stopped-flow kinetics and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies reveal the formation of heme-only superoxide complex (S)(F8TPP)FeIII-(O2-) (2a) (S = solvent molecule) prior to 3. Thermal decomposition of mu-peroxo complex 3 yields mu-oxo complex 4 with concomitant release of approximately 0.5 mol O2 per mol 3. Characterization of the reaction 1a/1b + O2 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4, presented here, advances our understanding and provides new insights to heme/Cu dioxygen-binding and reduction.
Iron-Catalyzed 2-Arylbenzoxazole Formation from o-Nitrophenols and Benzylic Alcohols (2012)

The iron-catalyzed 2-arylbenzoxazole formation from o-nitrophenols and benzylic alcohols using hydrogen transfer is described. Various 2-arylbenzoxazoles were selectively obtained in good to excellent yields. The reaction tolerated a wide range of functionalities. The alcohol oxidation, nitro reduction, condensation, and dehydrogenation were realized in a cascade without external reducing reagent and oxidant.
In Situ Optical Quantification of Adsorbates and Surface Charges on Copper Crystals and Their Impact on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Hydrochloric Electrolytes (2018)

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is combined with cyclic voltammetry to discover and quantify potential-dependent surface adsorbates and the electronic charge on copper single crystals in HCl solution. In comparison with electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy, it is demonstrated that ellipsometry provides not only an extremely high finger print sensitivity to sub-monolayer surface modifications but that it is furthermore possible to determine qualified values with an appropriate optical model. As a critical bench mark we use the amount of adsorbed Cl– at the Cu(111) surface. In this context, we found clear optical evidence for a densified water layer at the Cu(111) surface. Particular attention is drawn to the potential range of the hydrogen evolution reaction and the catalytic efficiency of the relatively stable Cu(111) and the more open corrugated (110) surface. With the introduced ellipsometric method, we disclose a steplike increase of the surface electron excess and a decreasing lateral surface electron mobility at the onset of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Both are explained by protonation of the surface or the adsorbed water layer and demonstrate an unexpected inhibiting effect to the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Association Tests for Rare Variants (2016)

Over the past few years, interest in the identification of rare variants that influence human phenotype has led to the development of many statistical methods for testing for association between sets of rare variants and binary or quantitative traits. Here, I review some of the most important ideas that underlie these methods and the most relevant issues when choosing a method for analysis. In addition to the tests for association, I review crucial issues in performing a rare variant study, from experimental design to interpretation and validation. I also discuss the many challenges of these studies, some of their limitations, and future research directions.
Squeezing and superposition states (1987)

We present a new class of radiation field states which exhibit squeezed fluctuations. This new class of states are formed by a simple implementation of the superposition principle and are fundamentally different from the conventional two-photon coherent squeezed states. We demonstrate the importance of these states as the natural product of the resonant interaction of suitably prepared atoms with the radiation field. We establish a general relationship between reduced quantum fluctuations of these field states and the dipole fluctuations of the atoms which produce them.
One-electron donor sites and their strength distribution on some hydrotalcite and MgO surfaces as studied by EPR spectroscopy (1994)

The one-electron donor (reducing) sites and their strength distribution on hydrotalcite, MgO and Al2O3 surfaces have been measured with a series of electron acceptor molecules (nitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, sym-trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, tetracyanoethene), whose electron affinity (Eea) values are different. The resulting radical anions adsorbed on the surface have been characterized by their EPR parameters and the radical concentrations have been measured. Attempts have been made to assign the reducing sites on the hydrotalcite surface with respect to the already known assignments of the reducing sites on the MgO and Al2O3 surfaces. The concentration of the sites on the hydrotalcite and Al2O3 surfaces correlates with the Eea values of the corresponding acceptor compounds. In the case of the MgO surface this correlation no longer holds, an experimental fact previously found by other authors. Using successive adsorption of pairs from the above series of acceptor compounds in increasing order of their Eea values (substitution experiments), this lack of correlation could be elucidated: on the very strong reducing sites of the MgO surface the acceptor compounds with very high Eea values (TNB and especially TCNE) yield non-paramagnetic, di-anion species.
Roles of Formin Nodes and Myosin Motor Activity in Mid1p-dependent Contractile-Ring Assembly during Fission Yeast Cytokinesis (2009)

Two prevailing models have emerged to explain the mechanism of contractile-ring assembly during cytokinesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: the spot/leading cable model and the search, capture, pull, and release (SCPR) model. We tested some of the basic assumptions of the two models. Monte Carlo simulations of the SCPR model require that the formin Cdc12p is present in >30 nodes from which actin filaments are nucleated and captured by myosin-II in neighboring nodes. The force produced by myosin motors pulls the nodes together to form a compact contractile ring. Live microscopy of cells expressing Cdc12p fluorescent fusion proteins shows for the first time that Cdc12p localizes to a broad band of 30-50 dynamic nodes, where actin filaments are nucleated in random directions. The proposed progenitor spot, essential for the spot/leading cable model, usually disappears without nucleating actin filaments. alpha-Actinin ain1 deletion cells form a normal contractile ring through nodes in the absence of the spot. Myosin motor activity is required to condense the nodes into a contractile ring, based on slower or absent node condensation in myo2-E1 and UCS rng3-65 mutants. Taken together, these data provide strong support for the SCPR model of contractile-ring formation in cytokinesis.
특집 : 부산해관 개청과 초대해관장 W. N. Lovatt (2003)

부산해관의 개청일자는 이제까지 1883년 11월 3일로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 이번에 초대 해관장 William Nelson Lovatt의 개인자료가 미국에 있는 후손에 의해 공개되어 Allen의 Chronological Index에 기록된 개청일자 7월 3일이 다시 입증되었다. 그러므로 필자는 일제치하에서 일본인들이 식민지 史觀으로 기술한 11월 3일 개청설이 부당함을 밝힌다. 아울러 본고는 부산에 거주한 최초의 서양인 가정으로서는 1884년 7월경 Lovatt가 미국에서 불러 온 그의 가족임을 밝히고, 釜山稅關史와 釜山港史에서 未濟로 남아있던 부분을 추적했다.
Effects of Frequency and Temperature on Partial Discharge Characterization of Stator Windings (2020)

This paper presents results from laboratory measurements of partial discharge (PD) activity in stator bars taken from a 13-kV/95-MVA hydro generator, after 50 years in service. The main purpose of this work is to characterize the stator mainwall insulation by PD testing with the emphasis on the dependencies on the test voltage frequency and temperature. The tested epoxy-mica based stator bars were taken from the high voltage side of the winding. Non-energized (unused) backup bars were also tested to study the effect of aging on the PD characteristics and to set as a point of reference. The PD characterization was conducted at different frequencies (0.1, 1, and 50 Hz) and temperatures (30, 70, and 130°C) at 8.9 kV (1.2 U <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> ). The observed frequency and temperature dependencies were discussed using theoretical findings regarding the mechanisms of void degradation and surface conductivity. Also, classification using supervised machine learning was briefly applied to discover patterns in the data as a function of frequency and temperature.
Effect of a Soluble Factor Secreted From Cultured Human Trophoblast Cells on In Vitro Lymphocyte Reactions (1987)

The immunoregulatory role of trophoblast cells in cell-mediated immunity was investigated. Trophoblast cells were obtained from 8-10-week human placentae by treatment with collagenase followed by differential centrifugation. The cells were cultured for 48 hr, and the culture supernatant was examined for immunosuppressive activity in vitro. The supernatant when added to cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors suppressed both their reactivity to different lectins (PHA and PWM) and their activity in one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. The degree of suppression was dose-dependent. Furthermore, the supernatant was able to reduce the natural killer cell activity against K562 target cells. On the other hand, the supernatant had no inhibitory effect on the effector phase of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity activity against tumor cell lines RPMI 8866 and Daudi. In all cases, the suppression observed was not due to lymphocytotoxicity or tumor cell mortality. The results indicate that trophoblast cells release a soluble suppressive factor that is a potent inhibitor of cell-mediated immunity.
Towards a Global Mobile Payment Service (2004)

Abstract: Mobile payment’s promise is that users will be able to pay via their mobile phones any time anywhere in whatever currency easily. However the real world mobile payment efforts are still far away from materializing this vision. In this paper we take a view of where we are today and why mobile payments are not there where most experts had predicted some years ago. We also lay our views on how this interesting area will proceed and what are the underlying pros and cons for each actor. Finally we present shortly SEMOPS (www.semops.com), a mobile payment service that has been realized with the aim of satisfying a next generation global mobile payment service.
Phase Coherent Link of an Atomic Clock to a Self-Referenced Microresonator Frequency Comb (2015)

The counting and control of optical cycles of light has become common with modelocked laser frequency combs. But even with advances in laser technology, modelocked laser combs remain bulk-component devices that are hand-assembled. In contrast, a frequency comb based on the Kerr-nonlinearity in a dielectric microresonator will enable frequency comb functionality in a micro-fabricated and chip-integrated package suitable for use in a wide-range of environments. Such an advance will significantly impact fields ranging from spectroscopy and trace gas sensing, to astronomy, communications, atomic time keeping and photonic data processing. Yet in spite of the remarkable progress shown over the past years, microresonator frequency combs ("microcombs") have still been without the key function of direct f-2f self-referencing and phase-coherent frequency control that will be critical for enabling their full potential. Here we realize these missing elements using a low-noise 16.4 GHz silicon chip microcomb that is coherently broadened from its initial 1550 nm wavelength and subsequently f-2f self-referenced and phase-stabilized to an atomic clock. With this advance, we not only realize the highest repetition rate octave-span frequency comb ever achieved, but we highlight the low-noise microcomb properties that support highest atomic clock limited frequency stability.