gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GMM-free DNN acoustic model training (2014)

While deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the dominant acoustic model (AM) for speech recognition systems, they are still dependent on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) for alignments both for supervised training and for context dependent (CD) tree building. Here we explore bootstrapping DNN AM training without GMM AMs and show that CD trees can be built with DNN alignments which are better matched to the DNN model and its features. We show that these trees and alignments result in better models than from the GMM alignments and trees. By removing the GMM acoustic model altogether we simplify the system required to train a DNN from scratch.
Effect of a quasicrystalline filler on the tribological properties of a composite based on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (2015)

We prepare composites in which ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used as a matrix and quasicrystalline Al–Cu–Fe powder is used as a filler with concentrations of 1, 10, 30, and 50 vol %. The mechanical and tribological properties of the samples are measured, and electron microscopic studies of fractured regions are performed. It is shown that with increasing concentrations of the filler, the nature of fracturing of the samples changes. The minimum value of the friction coefficient is 0.07. It is assumed that the limiting factor in improving the tribological properties of UHMWPE–quasicrystal composites is the chipping of filler particles from the polymer matrix.
Hyperpolarization of Frozen Hydrocarbon Gases by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 1.2 K (2016)

We report a simple and general method for the hyperpolarization of condensed gases by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The gases are adsorbed in the pores of structured mesoporous silica matrices known as HYPSOs (HYper Polarizing SOlids) that have paramagnetic polarizing agents covalently bound to the surface of the mesopores. DNP is performed at low temperatures and moderate magnetic fields (T = 1.2 K and B0 = 6.7 T). Frequency-modulated microwave irradiation is applied close to the electron spin resonance frequency (f = 188.3 GHz), and the electron spin polarization of the polarizing agents of HYPSO is transferred to the nuclear spins of the frozen gas. A proton polarization as high as P((1)H) = 70% can be obtained, which can be subsequently transferred to (13)C in natural abundance by cross-polarization, yielding up to P((13)C) = 27% for ethylene.
Nd:YAG Laser Extended to >2 μm by Stimulated Raman Scattering (1991)

We present an approach which efficiently generates 2.148 μm energy through Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of a 1.064 μm Nd:YAG laser. This approach uses the mature Nd:YAG technology to generate a 2 μm source with efficiencies greater than or equal to other solid state 2 μm sources. Using rotational Raman scattering, an energy conversion efficiency of 61% to the 1.135 μm line was obtained. With vibrational Raman scattering a conversion efficiency of 50% to 1.91 μm was measured. This is equivalent to a quantum conversion efficiency of 90%. The two techniques were combined to generate 2.15 μm from the 1.06 μm pump by sequentially performing a rotational Raman shift followed by a vibrational Raman shift. We have experimentally achieved 11.5% conversion efficiency from 1.064 μm to 2.148 μm, equivalent to a quantum efficiency of 23%. Our experimental results indicate that, with an optimized configuration, between 30 and 40% conversion efficiency to the 2.15 μm should be achievable. With the advent of diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers with wallplug efficiencies up to 10%, this corresponds to wallplug efficiencies of 3-4% at 2.15 μm. This result compares favorably with holmium and thulium sources currently available which are at a much less mature level of engineering development. The 2.15 μm output will provide a suitable source for generation of 3-5 μm energy through OPO or further Raman conversion.
Spatial distribution of soil moisture obtained from gravimetric and TDR methods for SMOS validation, at the Polesie test site SVRT 3275, in Poland (2009)

(1) Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland (usowicz@demeter.ipan.lublin.pl, +48 81 7445067), (2) Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland, (3) Torun Centre of Astronomy of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland, (4) University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bernardynska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
A NOVEL ENZYME IN RAT BRAIN CONVERTING β‐ENDORPHIN INTO METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN: AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SPECIFICITY (1979)

Abstract— Methionine enkephalin (met‐enk), an endogenous opioid, commonly occurs in sequences of lipotropins (LPH) and endorphins, implying a possible biosynthetic pathway for this pentapeptide. In search of the enzyme which generates met‐enk from human β‐endorphin [LPH(61‐91), β‐end], it was found that the soluble fraction of rat brain contained such activity. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation (50‐80% saturation), ion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50, and affinity chromatography for which LPH(64‐67) functioned as affinity ligand and eluant. The final preparation was essentially free of other peptidases, such as kininase, met‐enk degrading and post‐proline cleaving activities. Studies on specificity revealed that the enzyme selectively cleaved the Met‐Thr bond in both LPH(64‐67) and β‐end. It is possible that this enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of met‐enk in vivo .
Getting there: the ten top problems left [computer graphics] (2000)

The author discusses the ten top problems of computer graphics, including topics such as geometric modeling, computer animation, creative information visualization and pixels.
Loma Linda Medical Accelerator Project (2003)

The status of the Loma Linda Medical Accelerator Project is reviewed. In late December 1988, the first 2.0-MeV beam was injected into and accelerated in the synchrotron. By January 10, 1989, protons had been accelerated to the design maximum energy of 250 MeV. This operation was accomplished in a temporary shielding enclosure within a Fermilab shop building using an entire complement of borrowed power supplies adapted for this purpose. The medical applications of this facility are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Subapical Localization of the Dopamine D3 Receptor in Proximal Tubules of the Rat Kidney (2004)

The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), intensively studied in neuroscience, also plays an important role in the regulation of renal and cardiovascular function. In contrast to functional findings, less information is available on its localization in the kidney. Neither RT-PCR studies nor radioligand binding assays are suitable to selectively determine the distribution of renal D3R at the level of cellular or even subcellular structures. We studied the renal D3R distribution in Sprague-Dawley rats by a polyclonal antiserum directed against an epitope in the third intracytoplasmic loop. D3R immunoreactivity was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. D3R staining was confined to the renal cortex and occurred in proximal convoluted tubules near or in direct connection with the urinary pole of the glomeruli. The fluorescent spots were restricted to the subapical portion of the proximal tubular cells. Double staining with the F-actin marker phalloidin revealed a localization of the D3R below the brush border region. However, staining by anti-beta1/beta2-adaptins, recognizing clathrin-coated compartments, did not correspond to the distribution of the D3R signal. This is the first description of a D3R accumulation in a cytoplasmic pool in the kidney, probably corresponding to a recycling mechanism or storage compartment.
Regulation of Metabolism by Mitochondrial MUL1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase (2022)

MUL1 is a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in various pathophysiological processes including apoptosis, mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and innate immune response. We uncovered a new function for MUL1 in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. We characterized the metabolic phenotype of MUL1(-/-) cells using metabolomic, lipidomic, gene expression profiling, metabolic flux, and mitochondrial respiration analyses. In addition, the mechanism by which MUL1 regulates metabolism was investigated, and the transcription factor HIF-1α, as well as the serine/threonine kinase Akt2, were identified as the mediators of the MUL1 function. MUL1 ligase, through K48-specific polyubiquitination, regulates both Akt2 and HIF-1α protein level, and the absence of MUL1 leads to the accumulation and activation of both substrates. We used specific chemical inhibitors and activators of HIF-1α and Akt2 proteins, as well as Akt2(-/-) cells, to investigate the individual contribution of HIF-1α and Akt2 proteins to the MUL1-specific phenotype. This study describes a new function of MUL1 in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and reveals how its downregulation/inactivation can affect mitochondrial respiration and cause a shift to a new metabolic and lipidomic state.
Distributed cognition (2000)

We are quickly passing through the historical moment when people work in front of a single computer, dominated by a small CRT and focused on tasks involving only local information. Networked computers are becoming ubiquitous and are playing increasingly significant roles in our lives and in the basic infrastructures of science, business, and social interaction. For human-computer interaction to advance in the new millennium we need to better understand the emerging dynamic of interaction in which the focus task is no longer confined to the desktop but reaches into a complex networked world of information and computer-mediated interactions. We think the theory of distributed cognition has a special role to play in understanding interactions between people and technologies, for its focus has always been on whole environments: what we really do in them and how we coordinate our activity in them. Distributed cognition provides a radical reorientation of how to think about designing and supporting human-computer interaction. As a theory it is specifically tailored to understanding interactions among people and technologies. In this article we propose distributed cognition as a new foundation for human-computer interaction, sketch an integrated research framework, and use selections from our earlier work to suggest how this framework can provide new opportunities in the design of digital work materials.
Solvent effect on the size of platinum nanoparticle synthesized in microemulsion systems (2012)

In this research work, the effect of solvent on the size of paltinum nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method was investigated. Platinum nanoparticles have been prepared by the reduction of H2PtCl6 with hydrazine in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions consisting of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfo-succinate (AOT) and solvents n-hexane, cyclohexane and n-nonane. The size of the platinum nanoparticles was measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was verified that, for reduction of H2PtCl6 by hydrazine in microemulsion with different organic solvents, the solvents are arranged by their influence on nanoparticle sizes as follows: n-nonane > cyclohexane > n-hexane.
Antiviral Mechanism of Action of Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and Its Fatty Acid Esters (2018)

Epigallocatechin-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (EGCG) is the major catechin component of green tea (<i>Cameria sinensis</i>), and is known to possess antiviral activities against a wide range of DNA viruses and RNA viruses. However, few studies have examined chemical modifications of EGCG in terms of enhanced antiviral efficacy. This paper discusses which steps of virus infection EGCG interferes with, citing previous reports. EGCG appears most likely to inhibits the early stage of infections, such as attachment, entry, and membrane fusion, by interfering with viral membrane proteins. According to the relationships between structure and antiviral activity of catechin derivatives, the 3-galloyl and 5'-OH group of catechin derivatives appear critical to antiviral activities. Enhancing the binding affinity of EGCG to virus particles would thus be important to increase virucidal activity. We propose a newly developed EGCG-fatty acid derivative in which the fatty acid on the phenolic hydroxyl group would be expected to increase viral and cellular membrane permeability. EGCG-fatty acid monoesters showed improved antiviral activities against different types of viruses, probably due to their increased affinity for virus and cellular membranes. Our study promotes the application of EGCG-fatty acid derivatives for the prevention and treatment of viral infections.
Hybrid image segmentation using watersheds and fast region merging (1998)

A hybrid multidimensional image segmentation algorithm is proposed, which combines edge and region-based techniques through the morphological algorithm of watersheds. An edge-preserving statistical noise reduction approach is used as a preprocessing stage in order to compute an accurate estimate of the image gradient. Then, an initial partitioning of the image into primitive regions is produced by applying the watershed transform on the image gradient magnitude. This initial segmentation is the input to a computationally efficient hierarchical (bottom-up) region merging process that produces the final segmentation. The latter process uses the region adjacency graph (RAG) representation of the image regions. At each step, the most similar pair of regions is determined (minimum cost RAG edge), the regions are merged and the RAG is updated. Traditionally, the above is implemented by storing all RAG edges in a priority queue. We propose a significantly faster algorithm, which additionally maintains the so-called nearest neighbor graph, due to which the priority queue size and processing time are drastically reduced. The final segmentation provides, due to the RAG, one-pixel wide, closed, and accurately localized contours/surfaces. Experimental results obtained with two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2-D/3-D) magnetic resonance images are presented.
Optimal CUR matrix decompositions (2014)

The CUR decomposition of an m×n matrix A finds an m×c matrix C with a small subset of c < n columns of A, together with an r×n matrix R with a small subset of r < m rows of A, as well as a c×r low rank matrix U such that the matrix CUR approximates the input matrix A, that is, ||A --- CUR||2F ≤ (1 + ε)||A --- Ak||2F, where ||.||F denotes the Frobenius norm, 0 < ε < 1 is an accuracy parameter, and Ak is the best m × n matrix of rank k constructed via the SVD of A. We present input-sparsity-time and deterministic algorithms for constructing such a CUR matrix decomposition of A where c = O(k/ε) and r = O(k/ε) and rank(U) = k. Up to constant factors, our construction is simultaneously optimal in c, r, and rank(U).
Ruxolitinib is more effective than other JAK inhibitors to treat VEXAS syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study (2022)

VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles in myeloid progenitors, E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory manifestations and somatic) is an autoinflammatory condition caused by somatically acquired UBA1 mutations. Heiblig et al report on an international retrospective analysis of 30 patients with VEXAS syndrome treated with different Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, finding encouraging evidence supporting the use of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib with clinical remissions and reductions in steroid use seen in the majority of patients.
Long Term Exercise Capacity in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treated with Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation (2008)

In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and symptoms of heart failure, PTSMA leads to stable long term improvement of objectively measured exercise capacity.
Modeling the Kinetics of Integrin Receptor Binding to Hepatic Extracellular Matrix Proteins (2017)

Abstract The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the expression of their cognate receptors dictate cell behavior and dynamics. In particular, the interactions of ECM proteins with integrin receptors are key mediators of these cellular processes, playing a crucial role in the progression of several diseases of the liver, including inflammation, fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. This study establishes a modeling approach combining computation and experiments to evaluate the kinetics of integrin receptor binding to hepatic ECM proteins. ECM ligand concentration was derived from LC-MS/MS quantification of the hepatic ECM from mice exposed to chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ); receptor density was derived from published literature. Mathematical models for ECM-integrin binding kinetics that were developed incorporate receptor divalence and an aggregation scheme to represent clustering. The computer simulations reproduced positive cooperativity in the receptor aggregation model when the aggregation equilibrium constant (K a ) was positive and greater than K eq for divalent complex formation. Importantly, the modeling projected an increase in integrin binding for several receptors for which signaling is known to be increased after CCl 4 exposure in the liver. The proposed modeling approach may be of use to elucidate the kinetics of integrin receptor binding to ECM proteins for homeostatic and diseased livers.
The acyltransferase PMAT1 malonylates brassinolide glucoside (2021)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones of plants that coordinate fundamental growth and development processes. Their homeostasis is controlled by diverse means, including glucosylation of the bioactive BR brassinolide (BL), which is catalyzed by the UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) UGT73C5 and UGT73C6 and occurs mainly at the C-23 position. Additional evidence had suggested that the resultant BL-23-O-glucoside (BL-23-O-Glc) can be malonylated, but the physiological significance of and enzyme required for this reaction had remained unknown. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana malonylation of BL-23-O-Glc is catalyzed by the acyltransferase phenolic glucoside malonyl-transferase 1 (PMAT1), which is also known to malonylate phenolic glucosides and lipid amides. Loss of PMAT1 abolished BL-23-O-malonylglucoside formation and enriched BL-23-O-Glc, showing that the enzyme acts on the glucoside. An overexpression of PMAT1 in plants where UGT73C6 was also overexpressed, and thus, BL-23-O-Glc formation was promoted, enhanced the symptoms of BR-deficiency of UGT73C6oe plants, providing evidence that PMAT1 contributes to BL inactivation. Based on these results, a model is proposed in which PMAT1 acts in the conversion of both endogenous and xenobiotic glucosides to adjust metabolic homeostasis in spatial and temporal modes.
Shaped Lens-Like Dome for UWB Antennas With a Gaussian-Like Radiation Pattern (2012)

A multi-shell lens-like dome antenna (LLDA) with an axis-symmetrical Gaussian-like radiation pattern is presented. The dome profile is optimized using in-house software based on the genetic algorithm and Geometrical Optics/Physical Optics technique. Stable radiation characteristics are achieved within the entire V-band (50-75 GHz), thanks to the optimized shape and also the introduction of two matching layers inside and outside of the dome. The dome core and matching layers of the LLDA are fabricated in Rexolite and foam, respectively. A good agreement between the measured and simulated data is obtained. The capability of a multi-shell dome antenna to produce a low-dispersive gain and Gaussian-like radiation pattern is illustrated.
Acquisition of motor skills in isometric conditions through synesthetic illusions of movement (2015)

Interactive technologies can help people acquire movement skills, and one way is by using visual distortions to boost neural adaptation. An extreme version of such approach is to train a movement without moving by creating a synesthetic illusion of movement - displaying virtual motions when there is none. While this approach uses no proprioceptive error to drive adaptation, our results show encouraging evidence that motor skills can be acquired through such illusions of movement.
Epidural analgesia in the critically ill (2007)

In Brief Critical care nurses need to advocate for appropriate pain control for their patients. With advances in pain management approaches and techniques, clinicians need to be aware of comprehensive and contemporary approaches to pain management for the critically ill patient. Epidural analgesia is a pharmacologic approach to pain management that should be considered following an appropriate assessment of a patient's pain.
Long Term Land-Cover Changes on Regional to Global Scales Inferred From Fossil Pollen – How to Meet the Challenges of Climate Research? (2000)

Long Term Land-Cover Changes on Regional to Global Scales Inferred From Fossil Pollen – How to Meet the Challenges of Climate Research?
Biochemistry of the sphingolipids: XII. conversion of cerebrosides to ceramides and sphingosine; structure of Gaucher cerebroside (1961)

An improved procedure for the conversion of cerebroside to ceramide and sphingosine has been devised, consisting of periodate opening of the glycosidic ring, reduction with NaBH4, and hydrolysis under very mild acid conditions to ceramide. The over-all yield is excellent and only the erythro isomer results. Alkaline hydrolysis of ceramide gives erythro-sphingosine in good yield. Application of this procedure to Gaucher cerebroside has shown it to contain the “normal” erythro-sphingosine.
Characterizing, modeling, and improving the QoE of mobile devices with low battery level (2015)

Mobile users always require an excellent user experience which is the top challenge faced by today's mobile device designers and producers. Mobile devices are battery constrained, thus developing energy-saving techniques to extend the battery life is critical in terms of the user experience. Since the discrepancy between the device energy and battery energy consumption is becoming large when the battery is approaching to depleted, the battery energy-savings mechanisms (instead of the previously explored device energy-saving mechanisms) that target at the low battery level are highly desirable. Besides the battery life, mobile users demand a good system responsiveness, which is also an essential component in the user experience.