gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Enables Automatic Classification of Emphysema Pattern at CT (2019)

BackgroundPattern of emphysema at chest CT, scored visually by using the Fleischner Society system, is associated with physiologic impairment and mortality risk.PurposeTo determine whether participant-level emphysema pattern could predict impairment and mortality when classified by using a deep learning method.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective analysis of Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study participants enrolled between 2007 and 2011 included those with baseline CT, visual emphysema scores, and survival data through 2018. Participants were partitioned into nonoverlapping sets of 2407 for algorithm training, 100 for validation and parameter tuning, and 7143 for testing. A deep learning algorithm using convolutional neural network and long short-term memory architectures was trained to classify pattern of emphysema according to Fleischner criteria. Deep learning scores were compared with visual scores and clinical parameters including pulmonary function tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate relationships between emphysema scores and survival. The algorithm was also tested by using CT and clinical data in 1962 participants enrolled in the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE) study.ResultsA total of 7143 COPDGene participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 59.8 years ± 8.9; 3734 men and 3409 women) were evaluated. Deep learning emphysema classifications were associated with impaired pulmonary function tests, 6-minute walk distance, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire at univariate analysis (<i>P</i> < .001 for each). Testing in the ECLIPSE cohort showed similar associations (<i>P</i> < .001). In the COPDGene test cohort, deep learning emphysema classification improved the fit of linear mixed models in the prediction of these clinical parameters compared with visual scoring (<i>P</i> < .001). Compared with participants without emphysema, mortality was greater in participants classified by the deep learning algorithm as having any grade of emphysema (adjusted hazard ratios were 1.5, 1.7, 2.9, 5.3, and 9.7, respectively, for trace, mild, moderate, confluent, and advanced destructive emphysema; <i>P</i> < .05).ConclusionDeep learning automation of the Fleischner grade of emphysema at chest CT is associated with clinical measures of pulmonary insufficiency and the risk of mortality.© RSNA, 2019<i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
A modular plate for the optimization of protein crystallization conditions (2002)

A modular crystallization plate that simplifies the optimization of crystallization conditions after a preliminary screening procedure has been designed and manufactured.
Ultralight electric vehicle for urban mass transportation (2008)

A two-seat electric vehicle weighing only 65 kg is possible through a unique structure consisting of a sandwich plate with the 4 wheels and a cabin similar to a safety helmet. Instead of doors the whole cabin is lifted up and swings back. Energy consumption and battery size are reduced to a minimum. A mechanical joystickrdquo is used for steering, power control and braking.
On box-operations for L-Values and their applicability to soft-decision algorithms (2016)

S.221-225
Síntese das Teorias de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Econômico: Dualidade e Restrições Externas e Internas (2021)

O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar as visoes sobre o desenvolvimento economico, focando alem do debate quantitativo e qualitativo. Para atender este objetivo, o trabalho apresenta as analises gerais sobre os conceitos e evolucao da teoria do desenvolvimento economico, focando as visoes ideologicas. Outra questao, diz respeito a dualidade, partindo conceito basico (ligado a oposicao de um setor capitalista e outro pre-capitalista) e as e as restricoes externas e internas. Como conclusao, conforme abordado por este trabalho, observa-se que a discussao acerca da teoria do desenvolvimento e mais antiga do que sua sofisticacao matematica nos anos de 1930 e 50. Ja, em relacao ao comercio internacional e os ganhos desproporcionais entre paises desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento (em parte explicada pelas trocas desiguais e o proprio dualismo) o que ficou foi a necessidades de novas estrategias. Onde, a aliancas Sul-Sul emerge como um contraponto ou visao alternativa a estruturacao estrategico-militar Leste-Oeste.
Distortion invariant object recognition in the dynamic link architecture (1993)

An object recognition system based on the dynamic link architecture, an extension to classical artificial neural networks (ANNs), is presented. The dynamic link architecture exploits correlations in the fine-scale temporal structure of cellular signals to group neurons dynamically into higher-order entities. These entities represent a rich structure and can code for high-level objects. To demonstrate the capabilities of the dynamic link architecture, a program was implemented that can recognize human faces and other objects from video images. Memorized objects are represented by sparse graphs, whose vertices are labeled by a multiresolution description in terms of a local power spectrum, and whose edges are labeled by geometrical distance vectors. Object recognition can be formulated as elastic graph matching, which is performed here by stochastic optimization of a matching cost function. The implementation on a transputer network achieved recognition of human faces and office objects from gray-level camera images. The performance of the program is evaluated by a statistical analysis of recognition results from a portrait gallery comprising images of 87 persons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anisotropy in exploration seismics (1984)

The review paper reprinted above (Crampin, Chesnokov and Hipkin 1984) is the introduction to the Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy, held in Suzdal, U.S.S.R. in May 1982 (Geophysical Journalof the Royal Astronomical Society 76, 1984). The development of seismic anisotropy is rapidly evolving and this note brings the review up to date with reference to exploration seismics, the main new development being the recognition of the possibility of widespread crack-induced anisotropy in the crust.
Dendritic cell maturation with CpG for tumor immunotherapy. (2006)

The current study suggests that specific anti tumor immune responses can be induced by DCs matured with CpG and proposes CpG usage in DCs targeted clinical strategies.
Local-heterogeneous responses and transient dynamics of cage breaking and formation in colloidal fluids (2014)

Quantifying the interactions in dense colloidal fluids requires a properly designed order parameter. We present a modified bond-orientational order parameter, ψ̄6, to avoid problems of the original definition of bond-orientational order parameter. The original bond-orientational order parameter can change discontinuously in time but our modified order parameter is free from the discontinuity and, thus, it is a suitable measure to quantify the dynamics of the bond-orientational ordering of the local surroundings. Here we analyze ψ̄6 in a dense driven monodisperse quasi-two-dimensional colloidal fluids where a single particle is optically trapped at the center. The perturbation by the trapped and driven particle alters the structure and dynamics of the neighboring particles. This perturbation disturbs the flow and causes spatial and temporal distortion of the bond-orientational configuration surrounding each particle. We investigate spatio-temporal behavior of ψ̄6 by a Wavelet transform that provides a time-frequency representation of the time series of ψ̄6. It is found that particles that have high power in frequencies corresponding to the inverse of the timescale of perturbation undergo distortions of their packing configurations that result in cage breaking and formation dynamics. To gain insight into the dynamic structure of cage breaking and formation of bond-orientational ordering, we compare the cage breaking and formation dynamics with the underlying dynamical structure identified by Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) estimated from the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) field. The LCSs are moving separatrices that effectively divide the flow into distinct regions with different dynamical behavior. It is shown that the spatial distribution of the FTLE field and the power of particles in the wavelet transform have positive correlation, implying that LCSs provide a dynamic structure that dominates the dynamics of cage breaking and formation of the colloidal fluids.
Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation? (2016)

Abstract Muscle mass is the major deposit of protein molecules with dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. In human subjects, invasive and non-invasive techniques have been applied to determine their skeletal muscle catabolism of amino acids at rest, during and after different forms of physical exercise and training. The aim of this review is to analyse the turnover flux and the relative oxidation rate of different types of muscle proteins after one bout of exercise as well as after resistance and endurance condition of training. Protein feeding in athletes appears to be a crucial nutrition necessity to promote the maintenance of muscle mass and its adaptation to the need imposed by the imposed technical requirements. In resting human individuals, the recommended protein daily allowance is about 0.8 g (dry weight) kg −1 body weight per 24 h knowing that humans are unable to accumulate protein stores in muscle tissues. Nevertheless, practical feeding recommendations related to regular exercise practice are proposed to athletes by different bodies in order to foster their skills and performance. This review will examine the results obtained under endurance and resistance type of exercise while consuming single or repeated doses of various ingestions of protein products (full meat, essential amino acids, specific amino acids and derivatives, vegetarian food). From the scientific literature, it appears that healthy athletes (and heavy workers) should have a common diet of 1.25 g kg −1 24 h to compensate the exercise training muscle protein degradation and their resynthesis within the following hours. A nitrogen-balance assay would be recommended to avoid any excessive intake of protein. Eventually, a daily equilibrated food intake would be of primer importance versus inadequate absorption of some specific by-products.
Autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and LY294002 repress osteoclastogenesis and titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis (2021)

Aseptic loosening caused by peri-implant osteolysis (PIO) is a common complication after joint replacement, and there is still no better treatment than revision surgery. The wear particle-induced inflammation response, especially subsequent osteoclastic bone resorption, is responsible for PIO. As the importance of wear particles in inducing autophagy in cells around the prosthesis in PIO has been discovered, this might be a central process underlying aseptic loosening. However, the role of autophagy induced by wear particles in osteoclastogenesis during PIO remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in osteoclastogenesis and verified it in a mouse calvarial osteolysis model. We found that osteoclasts were increased in the interface membranes of patients with aseptic loosening. In vitro, knocking down the Atg5 gene or using autophagy inhibitors (3-MA, LY294002) to inhibit autophagy was found to repress osteoclastogenesis and decrease expression of the osteoclast-related genes TRAP, cathepsin K, and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) with or without titanium (Ti) particles. In vivo, 3-MA and LY294002 repressed Ti particle-stimulated osteolysis and osteoclastogenesis and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our results suggest that 3-MA and LY294002 might be the potential medicines to prevent and treat PIO and aseptic loosening.
Methylammonium‐Mediated Evolution of Mixed‐Organic‐Cation Perovskite Thin Films: A Dynamic Composition‐Tuning Process (2017)

Abstract Methylammonium‐mediated phase‐evolution behavior of FA 1−x MA x PbI 3 mixed‐organic‐cation perovskite (MOCP) is studied. It is found that by simply enriching the MOCP precursor solutions with excess methylammonium cations, the MOCPs form via a dynamic composition‐tuning process that is key to obtaining MOCP thin films with superior properties. This simple chemical approach addresses several key challenges, such as control over phase purity, uniformity, grain size, composition, etc., associated with the solution‐growth of MOCP thin films with targeted compositions.
Simultaneous maximum a posteriori reconstruction of attenuation and activity distributions from emission sinograms (1999)

In order to perform attenuation correction in emission tomography an attenuation map is required. We propose a new method to compute this map directly from the emission sinogram, eliminating the transmission scan from the acquisition protocol. The problem is formulated as an optimization task where the objective function is a combination of the likelihood and an a priori probability. The latter uses a Gibbs prior distribution to encourage local smoothness and a multimodal distribution for the attenuation coefficients. Since the attenuation process is different in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT), a separate algorithm for each case is derived. The method has been tested on mathematical phantoms and on a few clinical studies. For PET, good agreement was found between the images obtained with transmission measurements and those produced by the new algorithm in an abdominal study. For SPECT, promising simulation results have been obtained for nonhomogeneous attenuation due to the presence of the lungs.
LA CERÁMICA CELTIBÉRICA GRIS DE IMITACIÓN DE VASOS METÁLICOS EN EL VALLE DEL DUERO: PROPUESTA DE SISTEMATIZACIÓN Y PROBLEMÁTICA EN TORNO A SU ORIGEN (2001)

Entre los años 130/125 y 75/70 antes de Cristo se estuvo fabricando en el centro de la Cuenca del Duero un tipo de cerámica celtibérica en pastas grises, de superficies lustrosas y tacto céreo que imitan prototipos metálicos pero en la que convergen influencias de familias y grupos cerámicos diversos. En este trabajo hemos querido centrarnos en dos aspectos básicos de estas producciones: su ordenación tipológica y la compleja problemática existente en torno a su origen.Palabras clave: Cerámica gris. Celtibérico. Valle del Duero.Abstract Among the years 130/125 and 75/70 B.C. it was fabricated on central territories of the Duero Valley, in Spain, a type of celtiberian wheel-turned pottery characterized by the grey coloration of the clay, the polish surfaces and the smooth touch. This speciality constituted an imitation of metallic vessels, but we can to observe that another ceramic groups and families prevailed on it. In this paper we are going to analysed two basic aspects: the seriation and the problems about the origins.Key words: Grey pottery. Celtiberian culture. Duero Valley.
Pharmacological modulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion by the H1‐antagonist decarboethoxy‐loratadine and dexamethasone by human mast and basophilic cell lines (1995)

Mast cells and basophils are central effector cells of allergic reactions and are involved in inflammatory diseases. These cell types produce an array of mediators including a broad spectrum of cytokines. In order to examine whether antiallergic drugs modulate the release of these mediators, we have investigated the influence of dexamethasone and decarboethoxy-loratadine (DEL), the active metabolite of the H1-blocking agent loratadine, on the release of IL-6 and IL-8 by the human mast cell line HMC-1 and the human basophilic cell line KU812 by ELISA. Dexamethasone (10(-6)-10(-11) M) or Del (10(-5)-10(-14) M) were added to the cells either 1 h prior to or simultaneously with PMA and Ca-ionophore A23187. When preincubated with the cells, DEL dose-dependently suppressed IL-6 release by up to 40% and IL-8 release by up to 50%. Dexamethasone potently suppressed secretion of both cytokines if simultaneously added to the cells with the stimuli by up to 60% and after preincubation by up to 80%. Since both antihistamines and glucocorticoids are used for treatment of allergic diseases, the findings reported here indicate that these drugs may modulate allergic reactions via inhibition of cytokine release from mast cells and basophils.
Rôle de la nutrition sur le vieillissement des yeux (2005)

La cataracte et la DMLA sont les deux pathologies les plus fréquentes et les plus invalidantes de l’œil. Elles résultent d’un phénomène de vieillissement lent qui s’accompagne de multiples réactions, notamment oxydatives, contribuant à l’altération irréversible de la structure et la fonction du tissu oculaire. Les UV solaires sont des agresseurs directs contre lesquels il convient de se protéger par le port de lunettes de soleil. Le tabagisme est une autre source de radicaux libres dont l’effet semble proportionnel à la durée de l’exposition. Enﬁn, certaines pathologies métaboliques, tout particulièrement le diabète, aggrave le risque en raison d’un stress oxydant accru. Plus généralement, la toxicité des produits de Maillard (appelés AGEs), dont la synthèse est favorisée dans ces conditions d’hyperglycémie, semble jouer un rôle clé dans le déclenchement de l’apoptose qui précède l’opaciﬁcation du cristallin et la rétinopathie. Ces effets sont d’autant plus délétères que l’apport en nutriments antioxydants est faible. De plus, le vieillissement accélère la consommation de ces antioxydants. D’où l’importance de privilégier les aliments riches en antioxydants, et tout particulièrement en vitamine C, E, lutéine et zéaxanthine, antioxydants activement transportés dans les tissus oculaires. S’agissant de la rétine, l’apport en acides gras oméga 3 semble protecteur, mais essentiellement sous forme de fruits oléagineux et de poisson. Les huiles végétales sont plutôt associées à une augmentation du risque. Nous concluons qu’une alimentation riche en fruits et légumes, y compris oléagineux, doivent être au cœur d’une alimentation préventive.
EphB6 regulates TFEB-lysosomal pathway and survival of disseminated quiescent breast cancer cells (2020)

Abstract Late relapse of disseminated cancer cells is a common feature of some types of tumors. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been shown to affect reawakening of disseminated dormant cancer cells (DDCCs); however, the signals and processes sustaining survival of DDCCs in a foreign environment are still poorly understood. We have recently shown that crosstalk with lung epithelial cells promotes persistence of DDCCs from estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors. Here we show that TFEB-lysosomal axis is activated in DDCCs and that it is modulated by the pro-survival ephrin receptor EphB6. TFEB lysosomal direct targets are enriched in DDCCs in vivo and correlate with relapse in ER+ breast cancer patients. Direct contact of DDCCs with alveolar type I-like lung epithelial cells drives lysosomal accumulation and EphB6 induction. EphB6 contributes to TFEB transcriptional activity and lysosome formation in DDCCs in vitro and in vivo , and supports survival of DDCCs in coculture and in vivo . Furthermore, signaling from EphB6 promotes the proliferative response of surrounding lung parenchymal cells in vivo .
CAD/CAE of Jaipur foot for standardized and contemporary manufacturing (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> Despite immense popularity of Jaipur foot as low cost prosthetic, not much work has been reported on its design for manufacturing standardization. Without manufacturing standardization, it cannot be mass produced using contemporary manufacturing technologies. The objective of this work is to carry out its computer aided design (CAD) followed by computer aided engineering (CAE) based on the material properties obtained from the previous work [1] of the authors. This may lead to the possible use of modern manufacturing processes for the Jaipur foot design.<b>Design:</b> After modelling using CAD tool including its organic surfaces, the designed foot was analysed using a CAE tool for balanced standing load conditions to determine maximum stresses and deformation in its various parts. The bending analysis was done to check the dorsiflexion movement so that the strained sections could be identified for more reliable and durable prosthetic foot. For the static load analysis, base of the foot was constrained and 300-500 N load was applied through the bolt whereas for bending, the part near the bolt was fixed and pressure was applied at junction of front foot and toes.<b>Results:</b> The results show that the maximum stress and deformation occur at the bolt, while the skin undergoes maximum strain. CAE analysis also proves the robustness of the Jaipur foot design and a well manufactured Jaipur foot as per standardized design should be able to withstand the real life conditions without failure. The CAD model is also used for FDM based printing for a nonfunctional prototype of Jaipur foot.Implications for rehabilitationThe results of this study will serve as an important guideline for further research regarding equivalent material replacement, material optimization and obtaining an optimized design after studying the foot for dynamic analysis.
Document Liveness Challenge Dataset (DLC-2021) (2022)

Various government and commercial services, including, but not limited to, e-government, fintech, banking, and sharing economy services, widely use smartphones to simplify service access and user authorization. Many organizations involved in these areas use identity document analysis systems in order to improve user personal-data-input processes. The tasks of such systems are not only ID document data recognition and extraction but also fraud prevention by detecting document forgery or by checking whether the document is genuine. Modern systems of this kind are often expected to operate in unconstrained environments. A significant amount of research has been published on the topic of mobile ID document analysis, but the main difficulty for such research is the lack of public datasets due to the fact that the subject is protected by security requirements. In this paper, we present the DLC-2021 dataset, which consists of 1424 video clips captured in a wide range of real-world conditions, focused on tasks relating to ID document forensics. The novelty of the dataset is that it contains shots from video with color laminated mock ID documents, color unlaminated copies, grayscale unlaminated copies, and screen recaptures of the documents. The proposed dataset complies with the GDPR because it contains images of synthetic IDs with generated owner photos and artificial personal information. For the presented dataset, benchmark baselines are provided for tasks such as screen recapture detection and glare detection. The data presented are openly available in Zenodo.