gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FoxO3a Inhibits Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Integrin α5 Expression (2022)

Resistance to endocrine therapy is still a major clinical challenge in the management of estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer (BC). Here, the role of the Forkhead box class O (FoxO)3a transcription factor in tumor progression has been evaluated in tamoxifen-resistant BC cells (TamR), expressing lower levels of FoxO3a compared to sensitive ones. FoxO3a re-expression reduces TamR motility (wound-healing and transmigration assays) and invasiveness (matrigel transwell invasion assays) through the mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein (Western blot) induction of the integrin α5 subunit of the α5β1 fibronectin receptor, a well-known membrane heterodimer controlling cell adhesion and signaling. The induction occurs through FoxO3a binding to a specific Forkhead responsive core sequence located on the integrin α5 promoter (cloning, luciferase, and ChIP assays). Moreover, FoxO3a failed to inhibit migration and invasion in integrin α5 silenced (siRNA) cells, demonstrating integrin α5 involvement in both processes. Finally, using large-scale gene expression data sets, a strong positive correlation between FoxO3a and integrin α5 in ERα+, but not in ER-negative (ERα-), BC patients emerged. Altogether, our data show how the oncosuppressor FoxO3a, by increasing the expression of its novel transcriptional target integrin α5, reverts the phenotype of endocrine-resistant BC toward a lower aggressiveness.
Adoption as an Alternative Family System for Childless Couples in Kerala (2016)

Adoption is a process in which the adopted child is separated from his/herown family and parents, and is placed in a new family of the adoptiveparents. It involves a major shift in the life of all those who are involved init. Both the parents and the adopted child need to do a great deal ofadjustments throughout their life. For parents, adjustment to adoptionbegins with infertility and the consideration of adoption as a means ofachieving parenthood. It continues throughout the early family life cycleas they integrate their child fully into the family and begin a process ofsharing adoption information with him/her. The adoptive parents need tomake the child their own, accepting him/her entirely both in the presentand in the past and finally integrating him/her into the new family. Oncechildren know that they are adopted, they begin the process of adjustmentthat involves the integration of the meaning of their unique family statusand their dual connection to the two families into an emerging sense ofself. There are many factors that contribute to the successful creation of anew family through adoption. This article is intended to reflect on thepractice of adoption and the intentions/motivations/reasons for adoptionamong a sample of couples. The paper presents a study conducted amongthe adoptive parents in Kerala. A total of 356 adoptive parents from sixdistricts of the state were interviewed for the study. One of the major findingsof the study is that among the majority of the parents, the primary motivefor adoption was to have a child and thus completing their family, as theydo not have a child of their own. It is hoped that the findings anddescriptions will be helpful and that practitioners will find it useful fortheir professional interventions with those adoptive families who are in need of support.
Artificial Cell Membrane-Covered Nanoparticles Embedding Quantum Dots as Stable and Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Bioimaging Probes (2008)

To obtain a stable and highly sensitive bioimaging fluorescence probe, polymer nanoparticles with embedded quantum dots were covered with an artificial cell membrane. These nanoparticles were designed by assembling phospholipid polar groups as a platform, and oligopeptide was immobilized as a bioaffinity moiety on the surface of the nanoparticles. The polymer nanoparticles showed resistance to cellular uptake from HeLa cells owing to the nature of the phosphorylcholine groups. When arginine octapeptide was immobilized at the surface of the nanoparticles, they were able to penetrate the membrane of HeLa cells effectively. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was not observed even after immobilization of oligopeptide. Thus, we obtained stable fluorescent polymer nanoparticles covered with an artificial cell membrane, which are useful as an excellent bioimaging probe and as a novel evaluation tool for oligopeptide functions in the target cells.
A Phase Vocoder Model of the Glottis for Expressive Voice Synthesis (2000)

In this paper we explain how we are improving the source component of a source-filter vocal synthesis system. Our strategy for this improvement involves the replacement of the pulse generator by a phase vocoder module whose coefficients are derived from the analysis of speech signals. Firstly, we introduce the context of our research and then indicate the problem; finally, we present our solution followed by our conclusions and suggestions for further work.
Effects of 12-month, 2000IU/day vitamin D supplementation on treatment naïve and vitamin D deficient Saudi type 2 diabetic patients (2015)

Twelve-month vitamin D supplementation of 2000IU per day in a cohort of treatment naïve Saudi patients with T2DM resulted in improvement of several cardiometabolic parameters including systolic blood pressure, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Further studies that include a placebo group are suggested to reinforce findings.
Epikeratoplasty for adult and pediatric aphakia, myopia, and keratoconus: the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary experience (1989)

Between February, 1985 and February, 1987, 49 eyes of 47 patients underwent epikeratoplasty for one of the following indications: adult aphakia (21 eyes; 20 patients), pediatric aphakia (10 eyes; 10 patients), myopia (7 eyes; 6 patients), and keratoconus (11 eyes; 11 patients). Follow-up at least 12 months (average = 18 months) is available for all 49 eyes. Of 49 eyes, 44 (90%) were anatomically successful with an intact, clear lenticule at least 12 months post-operatively, with no significant difference between the four groups (adult aphakia = 90%, pediatric aphakia = 90%, myopia = 86%, and keratoconus = 91%). The functional success rate, however, was 91% for keratoconus, 81% for adult aphakia, 80% for pediatric aphakia, and only 43% for myopia. We conclude that epikeratoplasty can be an effective tool in the treatment of carefully selected patients with adult or pediatric aphakia and keratoconus, but has only limited applicability in the management of myopia.
Acetonitrile-Mediated Synthesis of 2,4-Dichloroquinoline from 2-Ethynylaniline and 2,4-Dichloroquinazoline from Anthranilonitrile (2005)

2,4-Dichloroquinolines and 2,4-dichloroquinazolines were synthesized from 2-ethynylanilines and anthranilonitriles, respectively, using diphosgene in acetonitrile and heating at 130 °C or 150 °C for 12 hours. This reaction was applied to the synthesis of 4,6-dichloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (dichloro-9H-isopurine). The postulated mechanism is also described.
Design and construction of a 41 kVA Bi/Y transformer (2003)

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials bring to transformers benefits such as weight reduction and improvements in efficiency as well as the electrical behavior in the network. In the context of a European project (READY) we designed and built a 41 kVA single phase transformer that will use the first lengths of YBCO coated conductors for the secondary winding. Project partners are developing this conductor. The primary winding uses a PIT-Bi-2223 tape and we designed the transformer as a complete device with integrated cooling. The refrigerator is a large cooling capacity (100 W at 80 K) single stage coaxial pulse tube cooler developed by Air Liquide. We chose a cold magnetic circuit with low iron loss laminations. The cryostat is then very simple with metallic vessels and only one interface with the refrigerator. The cooling fluid is helium in order to investigate a large temperature range (40-80 K). Thermal simulations were made to minimize heat transfers to the HTS conductors and experiments provided some necessary data. The transformer design and optimization is presented as well as its construction.
Forward looking sonar mosaicing for mine countermeasures (2019)

Abstract Forward looking sonars (FLS) are nowadays popular for many different applications. In particular, they can be used for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) in the context of Mine Countermeasures. Currently, ATR techniques are applied to raw data which generates many false positives and the need for human supervision. Mosaicing FLS data increases target contrast and thus reduces false positive rate. Moreover, it implies a considerable data size reduction which is important if one thinks of exchange of data in real time through an acoustic channel with very limited bandwidth. Results of applying a real-time mosaicing algorithm to FLS data generated during Mine Countermeasures missions are shown and discussed thoroughly in this article.
Machine Vision for UAS Ground Operations (2017)

This paper discusses the machine vision element of a system designed to allow Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) to perform automated taxiing around civil aerodromes, with only a monocular camera. The purpose of the computer vision system is to provide direct sensor data which can be used to validate vehicle position, in addition to detecting potential collision risks. In practice, untrained clustering is used to segment the visual feed before descriptors of each cluster (primarily colour and texture) are used to estimate the class. As the competency of each individual estimate can vary dependent on multiple factors (number of pixels, lighting conditions and even surface type). A Bayesian network is used to perform probabilistic data fusion, in order to improve the classification results. This result is shown to perform accurate image segmentation in real-world conditions, providing information viable for localisation and obstacle detection.
Solids circulation in a spout‐fluid bed with draft tibe (1988)

Abstract A 20 cm diameter semi‐cylindrical spout‐fluid bed with a draft tube has been used to study the effects of operating and geometric parameters on the solids circulation rates at ambient temperature. A new technique has been developed for measuring the solids fluxes with great accuracy. Solids circulation rate data have been found to be strongly influenced by both geometry and relative magnitude of spouting and auxiliary gas flowrates, as they in turn affect the flow of the gas‐solid mixture inside the draft tube. The solids circulation rate was greatly enhanced when an auxiliary flow aerated the annular region and such enhancement has been found to be linearly dependent on the auxiliary flow contribution to the total gas flow and on the distance between the base of the draft tube and the inlet nozzle.
Theoretical analysis of physical limits of energy resolution for detectors of scintillator-photodiode type and ways to improve their spectrometric characteristics (2004)

The development prospects of a scintillator-photodiode type detector with an improved energy resolution attaining few per cent, about 1.5 to 2.5%, are considered. The main resolution components have been analyzed theoretically, their theoretical and physical limits have been established. Empirical data on the properties of novel scintillators have been considered confirming the possibility of the energy resolution improvement. Ways have been proposed to optimize the detector statistical fluctuations and the scintillator intrinsic resolution. A specific importance of the intrinsic resolution is shown as a limiting threshold factor at the ionizing radiation energy values from 662 keV to 10 MeV and over.
Structures of Three Inhibitor Complexes Provide Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of the Human Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/Cyclohydrolase (2000)

Enzymes involved in tetrahydrofolate metabolism are of particular pharmaceutical interest, as their function is crucial for amino acid and DNA biosynthesis. The crystal structure of the human cytosolic methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (DC301) domain of a trifunctional enzyme has been determined previously with a bound NADP cofactor. While the substrate binding site was identified to be localized in a deep and rather hydrophobic cleft at the interface between two protein domains, the unambiguous assignment of catalytic residues was not possible. We succeeded in determining the crystal structures of three ternary DC301/NADP/inhibitor complexes. Investigation of these structures followed by site-directed mutagenesis studies allowed identification of the amino acids involved in catalysis by both enzyme activities. The inhibitors bind close to Lys56 and Tyr52, residues of a strictly conserved motif for active sites in dehydrogenases. While Lys56 is in a good position for chemical interaction with the substrate analogue, Tyr52 was found stacking against the inhibitors' aromatic rings and hence seems to be more important for proper positioning of the ligand than for catalysis. Also, Ser49 and/or Cys147 were found to possibly act as an activator for water in the cyclohydrolase step. These and the other residues (Gln100 and Asp125), with which contacts are made, are strictly conserved in THF dehydrogenases. On the basis of structural and mutagenesis data, we propose a reaction mechanism for both activities, the dehydrogenase and the cyclohydrolase.
Enfuvirtide antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection (2008)

It has been over 25 years since the first diagnosis of what would be known as AIDS. Although great strides in anti-HIV therapeutics have been made, there is still a great need for antiretrovirals that are effective against drug-resistant HIV. Enfuvirtide (ENF) is the first of a new class of fusion inhibitors to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in combination with other antiretroviral agents among HIV-1 infected patients with previous treatment experience. The inclusion of enfuvirtide in an optimized antiretroviral background regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infected (treatment-experienced) patients followed the success of two critical clinical trials (TORO: T20 vs Optimized Regimen Only I and II). Even though injection-site reactions persisted in these trials, improved virological and immunological responses were observed among patients. Challenges associated with ENF treatment include the high cost of the drug, injection-site reactions, determining the optimal time to initiate treatment, and the potential for the selection of drug resistant mutants and viral evolution. ENF is a promising novel treatment for HIV infected individuals whose choices for effective treatment are limited by previous treatment and resistance. Understanding the implications of viral fitness and evolution in the presence of ENF treatment is crucial in determining effective and safe treatment regimens, particularly among treatment-experienced patients.
Stable microRNA expression enhances therapeutic antibody productivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of different target genes and, thus, enable engineered gene networks to achieve complex phenotypic changes in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that exploiting this feature of miRNAs could improve therapeutic protein production processes by increasing viable cell densities and/or productivity of the mammalian cells used for manufacturing. To identify miRNAs that increase the productivity of producer cells, we performed a genome wide functional miRNA screen by transient transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing an IgG1 antibody (CHO-IgG1). Using this approach, we identified nine human miRNAs that improved the productivities not only of the CHO-IgG1 cells but also of CHO cells expressing recombinant human serum albumin (HSA), demonstrating that the miRNAs act in a product-independent manner. We selected two miRNAs (miR-557 and miR-1287) positively impacting the viable cell density and the specific productivity, respectively, and then stably co-expressed them in IgG1 expressing CHO cells. In these cells, higher IgG1 titers were observed in fed-batch cultures whilst product quality was conserved, demonstrating that miRNA-based cell line engineering provides an attractive approach toward the genetic optimization of CHO producer cells for industrial applications.
Atomic layer doping of strained Ge-on-insulator thin films with high electron densities (2013)

We demonstrate that phosphorous atomic layer doping in ultra-high vacuum is a viable method to obtain n-type doping of strained germanium-on-insulator thin films. By engineering single and multiple, closely-spaced P δ-layers, we obtain high active electron concentrations (∼1 × 1020 cm−3) and low electrical resistivity (∼120 Ω/square) whilst keeping control over doping profile, structural integrity, and tensile strain levels (ε = 0.35%). Investigation of magnetotransport over a large temperature range (1.7-290 K) allows observation of two-dimensional electrons' weak localization up to 30 K.
• Wheelchair vibration is commonly linked to rider discomfort and low back pain • Whole-body vibration may create fatigue-decreased proficiency after just one hour • Wheelchair users report that vibration from bumps and cracks trigger tremors and muscle spasms And… (1995)

Low back pain is a common problem among people with disabilities, particularly those who use wheelchairs. The whole body vibration of vehicle operators has been linked to high rates of low -back pain complaints. This paper examines the possibility of similar occurrences in wheelchair operators by measuring actual vibration levels in a wheelchair, and comparing with the ISO 2631 standards. In certain circumstances the vibration levels are found to be too high for long-term exposure and comfort. (Red added)
Collagen cross‐linking by adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells and scar‐derived mesenchymal cells: Are mesenchymal stromal cells involved in scar formation? (2009)

In this work, different fibroblast-like (mesenchymal) cell populations that might be involved in wound healing were characterized and their involvement in scar formation was studied by determining collagen synthesis and processing. Depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the tissues, specific collagen cross-linking routes are followed. In skin the cross-linking of the pyridinium type is normally very low; however, in different forms of fibrosis increased levels of this type of cross-linking have been found. The enzyme lysyl hydroxylase-2b (LH-2b) plays a crucial role in this type of cross-linking. The gene expression levels of LH-2b, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen types I and III were determined in dermis, subcutaneous fat, and (hypertrophic) scar tissue as well as in isolated cultured mesenchymal cells derived from these tissues, by real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction. Cultured mesenchymal cells from fat and scar tissue as well as the tissues itself showed significantly higher expression of LH-2b, alpha-SMA, and collagen type I than dermal mesenchymal cells. LH-2b-dependent pyridinium cross-linking was significantly enhanced in fat and scar tissue compared with dermis. FACS analysis was performed to characterize the fibroblast-like cells from the dermis, fat, and scar tissue. All cell populations express the distinct pattern of CD markers also expressed by mesenchymal stromal cells. Furthermore, parts of these cell populations were able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. We conclude, therefore, that mesenchymal (stem) cells from the subcutaneous fat might be responsible for the accumulation of collagen in these scars.
Evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice (1999)

A rising prevalence of head lice among school children and rising sales of insecticides with anecdotal evidence of their treatment failure, led us to examine whether head lice in Bristol and Bath were resistant to the insecticides available for treating head lice. Ten schools in Bristol and Bath were visited to collect field samples of head lice. A comparison was made of the survival rates of fully sensitive laboratory reared body lice and field samples of head lice on insecticide exposure. To confirm the in vitro relevance of these tests we performed supervised treatments of affected subjects with malathion or permethrin. There were significant differences (P < 10-6 Fishers exact test) between head and body lice survival for malathion and permethrin exposure, but not for carbaryl. There was an 87% failure rate for permethrin and a 64% failure rate for malathion with the topical treatment of a selected number of infested school children. We conclude that there is a high resistance to permethrin and malathion, but head lice remain fully sensitive to carbaryl. This is the first report of doubly resistant head lice. As permethrin, phenothrin (a very similar synthetic pyrethroid) or malathion are the active ingredients in all the over-the-counter head lice treatments in the U.K., then it is likely that head lice prevalence will continue to increase. The resistance against permethrin employed by the head louse is probably the kdr (knockdown resistance) mechanism, and an enzyme-mediated malathion-specific esterase is the likely mechanism against malathion.
Four-injector variability modeling of FinFET predictive technology models (2014)

The usual way of modeling variability using threshold voltage shift and drain current amplification is becoming inaccurate as new sources of variability appear in sub-22nm devices. In this work we apply the four-injector approach for variability modeling to the simulation of SRAMs with predictive technology models from 20nm down to 7nm nodes. We show that the SRAMs, designed following ITRS roadmap, present stability metrics higher by at least 20 % compared to a classical variability modeling approach. Speed estimation is also pessimistic, whereas leakage is underestimated if sub-threshold slope and DIBL mismatch and their correlations with threshold voltage are not considered.
2‐Vinylcyclobutanones by Cycloaddition of Vinylketenes to Simple Olefins (1983)

Abstract Selected [2+2]‐cycloadditions of three alkylvinylketenes 2 to one mono‐ and seven dialkyl‐olefins 3 yielded eleven 2‐alkyl‐2‐vinylcyclobutanones 4 (Tables 1 and 2). Three methods were compared, all involving in situ generation of the ketenes 2 by HCl‐elimination from α,β‐unsaturated acid chlorides 1 ; the most effective employed a large excess of olefin 3 and a high reaction temperature. The [2+2]‐cycloadditions were fully regio‐ and stereoselective with respect to the olefin 3 , but less so with respect to the ketene 2 , so that ‐ where possible ‐ two stereoisomers of 4 resulted, namely A and B , whose configurations were determined from their 1 H‐NMR, spectra, mechanistic considerations and, in one case, 4f , by chemical correlation with a previously known cycloadduct 8 .