gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Both hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stromal-derived factor-1 regulate the metastatic behavior of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, but only HGF enhances their resistance to radiochemotherapy. (2003)

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are frequently characterized by bone marrow involvement. Recently, we reported that human RMS cells express the CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and postulated a role for the CXCR4 stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1 axis in the metastasis of RMS cells to bone marrow. Because RMS cells also express the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET, the specific ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) that is secreted in bone marrow and lymph node stroma, we hypothesized that the c-MET-HGF axis modulates the metastatic behavior of RMS cells as well. Supporting this concept is our observation that conditioned media harvested from expanded ex vivo human bone marrow fibroblasts chemoattracted RMS cells in an HGF- and SDF-1-dependent manner. Six human alveolar and three embryonal RMS cell lines were examined. We found that although HGF, similar to SDF-1, did not affect the proliferation of RMS cells, it induced in several of them: (a) locomotion; (b) stress fiber formation; (c) chemotaxis; (d) adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells; (e) trans-Matrigel invasion and matrix metalloproteinase secretion; and (f) phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44 and AKT. Moreover HGF, but not SDF-1, increased the survival of RMS cells exposed to radio- and chemotherapy. We also found that the more aggressive alveolar RMS cells express higher levels of c-MET than embryonal RMS cell lines and "home/seed" better into bone marrow after i.v. injection into immunocompromised mice. Because we could not find any activating mutations in the kinase region of c-MET or any evidence for HGF autocrine stimulation, we suggest that the increased response of RMS cell lines depends on overexpression of functional c-MET. We conclude that HGF regulates the metastatic behavior of c-MET-positive RMS cells, directing them to the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Signaling from the c-MET receptor may also contribute to the resistance of RMS cells to conventional treatment modalities.
Stress-based prediction of dislocation generation in GaN during lateral epitaxial overgrowth (2002)

Finite element models were developed to simulate the stress history during an entire gallium nitride lateral epitaxial overgrowth process, from seed layer deposition on a substrate to GaN overgrowth above an SiO2 mask at 1100 °C and then cooldown to 20 °C. Lattice and thermal expansion mismatches between GaN and sapphire were considered simultaneously. Shearing stresses on a series of crystal planes were transiently analyzed. Based on the computational results, it is possible to predict the locations of high-density dislocations and when they develop, as well as Burgers vectors, dislocation types and their directions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial, Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Ester and Hydrazide Derivatives of 3(2H)‐Pyridazinone. (2010)

Abstract All the ester and hydrazide derivatives exhibit poor antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities.
Laser Electro-optic Phased Array Devices (LEOPARD) (1988)

A new concept for a high-speed (~ MHz), wide angle( ±20°), two dimensional laser beam scanner has been developed. LEOPARD is an optical analogue of the microwave phased array radar and is based on the electro-optic effect in epitaxially grown semiconductor AlGaAs layers. Beam steering has been demonstrated using a three element LEOPARD.
Henry De la Beche and the plesiosaur's neck (2000)

There was a close relationship, as neighbours, friends and colleagues, between the triumvirate of Henry Thomas De la Beche, William Daniel Conybeare and William Buckland, who were among the most important and influential members of the Geological Society of London during the decades immediately following its foundation in 1807. Their mutually supportive work on, and interest in, the geology and fossils of their local Dorset coast, meant that each had a great familiarity with the Lias (Lower Jurassic) and its fossil flora and fauna. Henry De la Beche was, however, also blessed with artistic flair, combined with a witty and satirical eye; this has been revealed in his renowned cartoons and caricatures. Much has been made of the originality (both scientific and artistic) of De la Beche's Duria Antiquior, a wonderful image of prehistoric life in the Liassic Seas of Dorset that was sketched during 1830. Re-examination of Duria reveals an attention to detail that is remarkable – though perfectly understandable in the light of his friends' and his own geological survey work in Dorset. The dominant central image, of a plesiosaur (Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus) being bitten across the neck by an ichthyosaur (Temnodontosaurus platyodon), has been attributed to a word picture created by William Conybeare during an exchange of letters with Henry De la Beche in 1824. In fact the evocative image may have much more to do with the nature of preservation of a remarkable skeleton, representing the first complete plesiosaur skeleton and discovered by Mary Anning in 1823, than has been recognised previously.
DNA Slot Blot Repair Assay (2015)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces helix distorting photolesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP) which threaten genomic integrity if unrepaired. In mammals, nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the only pathway that removes UV-induced DNA damages. Here we describe DNA slot blot repair assay for quantitative detection of NER activity using DNA damage specific antibodies such as anti-CPD and anti-6-4PP. Briefly, genomic DNA irradiated with UV was isolated from cells, and the genomic DNA was vacuum-transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using a Bio-Dot SF microfiltration apparatus (Bio-Rad). A monoclonal antibody that recognizes CPD or 6-4PP was applied to detect the remaining amount of photolesions in the genomic DNA. For loading control of even loading, DNA onto the membrane can be further analyzed by SYBR-gold staining.
Postnatal Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficiency Is Associated With Retinopathy of Prematurity and Other Complications of Premature Birth (2003)

These results indicate that persistent low serum concentrations of IGF-I after premature birth are associated with later development of ROP and other complications of prematurity. IGF-I is at least as strong a determinant of risk for ROP as postmenstrual age at birth and birth weight.
Empirical Methods to Predict Takeoff Field Requirements for Single-Engine Aircraft (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0548.vid This paper develops new empirical methods to estimate the takeoff critical field length performance of a single-engine aircraft. We use extensive numerical simulations of candidate designs to support a new equation which may simply and reliably estimate takeoff performance of single-engine 14 CFR § 23 and/or MIL 3013 rules aircraft during conceptual design.
A time-domain algorithm for the analysis of second-harmonic generation in nonlinear optical structures (2000)

A time-domain simulator of integrated optical structures containing second-order nonlinearities is presented. The simulation algorithm is based on nonlinear wave equations representing the propagating fields and is solved using the finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results for a continuous-wave operation are compared with beam propagation method simulations showing excellent agreement for the particular examples considered. Because the proposed algorithm does not suffer from the inaccuracies associated with the paraxial approximation, it should find application in a wide range of device structures and in the analysis of short-pulse propagation in second-order nonlinear devices.
Going Hemp Wild: Understanding the Challenges and Opportunities for FDA Regulation of CBD in Food Products (2019)

After the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, champions of hemp began to tout opportunities for farmers and businesses involved with the crop. The industry has rallied around one of hemp’s major byproducts, cannabidiol, or CBD. However, the demand for CBD has left the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) playing catch-up. This article explains what CBD is, how it is derived, current FDA-approved uses, and a current path forward for the FDA in creating guidance for industry and consumers.
Reply (1993)

Journal Article Reply Get access Tim V. Hulbert, Tim V. Hulbert Pulmonary Division, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Correspondence: Dr. Tim V. Hulbert, Pulmonary Division, UCI Medical Center, 101 City Drive South, Building 53, Room 119, Orange, California 92668. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert A. Larsen, Robert A. Larsen Pulmonary Division, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. T. Chandrasoma P. T. Chandrasoma Pulmonary Division, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 2, February 1993, Pages 333–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/clind/16.2.333 Published: 01 February 1993
Lipid Emulsion Combined with Epinephrine and Vasopressin Does Not Improve Survival in a Swine Model of Bupivacaine-induced Cardiac Arrest (2009)

In this swine model, lipid emulsion did not improve rates of return of spontaneous circulation after bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular collapse.
The Rights and Wrongs of Natural Regularity (1994)

Philosophers of a broadly realist persuasion, among whom the authors number themselves, frequently appeal to in addressing a wide variety of problems. In the philosophy of mind, they are called on to support naturalistic theories of the relationship between a person's intentional states and the world. In epistemology, they are marshalled against skepticism: it is the regularity of our connections to the natural world that underwrites our claim to knowledge about it. In the philosophy of language they, or rather their cousins, conventional regularities, are required to relate speech acts to their subject matter. And in logic, they provide justification for much of our (otherwise unsound) commonsense reasoning about the world. No analysis of natural regularity is widely accepted across these different areas of application (or within any one of them, for that matter), so there is no prima facie reason to suppose there is a single notion being employed. But their uses have two important common features: in each, regularities are required to be both reliable and fallible. Reliability is needed to explain successful representation, knowledge, truth, and correct inference; and fallibility is needed to account for misrepresentation, error, false statements, and defeasible inference. This paper is concerned with providing a homogeneous account of natural regularity: one which reconciles the opposing properties of reliability and fallibility-the rights and wrongs of the title. First, the notion of natural regularity is discussed in the context of its application to the philosophy of mind. Here the importance of the reliability and fallibility of regularities is argued for at greater length. Candidate reductions of the notion to less problematic ones are rejected, and a framework for the structural analysis of regularity is proposed. Key features of the proposal are the embracing of a degree of relativism towards classification, and the careful observance of type/token distinctions. The framework is expounded through a number of examples
First tests of a 1 megapixel near-infrared avalanche photodiode array for ultra-low background space astronomy (2022)

One of the primary goals of HgCdTe linear-mode avalanche photodiode arrays is to provide a 1kx1k pixels format, @15 μm pitch, near-infrared (0.9 to 2.5 μm) detector suitable for ultra-low background astronomical applications and long integration times. Such science goals impose very strict detector requirements, namely a dark current &lt;0.001 [e<sup>−</sup>/pix/sec] and a sub-electron read noise. The Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Hawaii has partnered with Leonardo Company to develop such devices, using fine control of the photodiode process to enable noise-free amplification of the charge carriers and a readout circuit optimized for minimal glow. We discuss the first results of the tests conducted at the IfA on this new device operated in our cryogenic testbed. We report the values of dark current, read noise and conversion gain, as well as its cosmetic qualities that we have measured at a temperature of 50K. The measured dark current of these devices at low bias voltages is of ∼3 [e-/pix/ksec] (ksec=1000 seconds). We show that this dark current is dominated by the glow emitted by the ROIC of the detector when it is being read out. The intrinsic dark current of these devices is consistent with zero, with a best estimate of ∼0.1 [e-/pix/ksec]. The glow coming from the ROIC is measured to be ∼0.08 [e-/pix/frame], or 1 [e-/pix] every ∼12 frames. The read noise of these devices starts around ∼10 [e-/pix/frame] at a bias voltage of 3V, and decreases by a factor of 1.3 with each +1V increment of the bias voltage, in agreement with theory. It is reduced to ∼2 [e-/pix/frame] at a bias voltage of 8V.
Running Microsoft Word 2000 (1999)

From the Publisher:
A reference that takes readers through the most used tasks and functions of the latest version of Word. It's a comprehensive book packed with examples and loaded with tips from the software experts on how to get the most from Microsoft Word 2000.
Optimizing the Mapping of Reversible Circuits to Four-Valued Quantum Gate Circuits (2012)

This paper considers the optimization of reversible circuits composed of multiple-control Toffoli gates to quantum circuits using the well-known NCV-1 (NCV) library and the recently introduced NCV-v1 library which both use a four-valued model for the quantum gates. The techniques introduced handle positive and negative controls which are central to many reversible circuit synthesis procedures. Experimental results confirm the methods are applicable to circuits obtained by diverse synthesis methods. The results also show the significant advantage of the NCV-v1 library.
ChemInform Abstract: AUSTAUSCH DES VINYLISCHEN HALOGENS VON 1,2‐DIHALOGENPERFLUORCYCLOALKENEN (1972)

Abstract Leitet man ein Gemisch aus 1,2‐Dichlorperfluorcycloalken (I) und Bromwasserstoff (dreifacher Überschuß) bei 220 ‐ 280°C über einen aus 75 Gew.% aktivierter Tierkohle und 25 Gew.% CaSO 4 bestehenden Katalysator, so entsteht unter Austausch von Chlor gegen Brom ein Gemisch aus 22 ‐ 30% der Monobrom‐ (II) und 15 ‐ 39% der Dibromcycloalkene (III).
Acoustic-surface-wave convolver using nonlinear interaction in a coupled PZT-Si system (1972)

Efficient acoustic-surface-wave convolution, using 14.5-MHz Bleustein-Gulyaev waves, has been observed in a coupled PZT-Si system. It has been found that the magnitude of the phenomenological nonlinear coupling constant of the convolver was four times as large as that of the basal plane of PZT-8. The convolution output was controlled by the application of a voltage of several tens of volts.
Safety and Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Hereditary Spinocerebellar Ataxia (2013)

Hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a devastating, incurable disease. Stem-cell-based therapies represent new promise for clinical research in neurology. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and potential toxicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) therapy in patients with SCA. Sixteen genomically diagnosed SCA patients were enrolled and received intravenous and intrathecal infusion of UCMSCs. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evaluations were conducted to assess the safety of UCMSC therapy. Efficacy was evaluated by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) scores. Among the 16 cases, there were no serious transplant-related adverse events happened in 12 months follow-up. The majority of patients showed improved BBS and ICARS scores continuing for at least 6 months which indicated UCMSC therapy could alleviate SCA symptoms. This study suggested that UCMSC transplantation was safe and might delay the progression of SCA. This may represent a new therapeutic strategy for SCA and other genetic neurological diseases.
Optical wireless communication for backhaul and access (2015)

We highlight new applications for optical wireless communication (OWC) as a mobile backhaul for WiFi, LTE and 5G and as a new access technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) where it enables secure and reliable communications at low latency.
Jump-starting neural network training for seismic problems (2018)

Deep learning algorithms are immensely data-hungry and rely on large amounts of labeled data to achieve good performance. However the earth is intrinsically unlabeled and we are often confronted to fuzzy boundaries, uncertain labels, and absence of ground truth. Moreover, deep learning models do not always generalize well to conditions that are different from the ones encountered during training. In this context, it can be difficult to leverage deep learning algorithms for seismic problems. Herein we introduce strategies for overcoming these limitations, using synthetic data generation and transfer learning to jump-start the training of neural networks. We present this methodology through two case studies: earthquake detection using the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN); and targeted noise filtering for ambient seismic noise recorded by a fiber optic array underneath Stanford campus. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 16, 2018 Start Time: 9:20:00 AM Location: Poster Station 3 Presentation Type: Poster
NF-κB-dependent inhibition of apoptosis is essential for host cell survival during Rickettsia rickettsii infection (1998)

The possibility that bacteria may have evolved strategies to overcome host cell apoptosis was explored by using Rickettsia rickettsii , an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that is the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The vascular endothelial cell, the primary target cell during in vivo infection, exhibits no evidence of apoptosis during natural infection and is maintained for a sufficient time to allow replication and cell-to-cell spread prior to eventual death due to necrotic damage. Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated that R. rickettsii infection activates the transcription factor NF-κB and alters expression of several genes under its control. However, when R. rickettsii- induced activation of NF-κB was inhibited, apoptosis of infected but not uninfected endothelial cells rapidly ensued. In addition, human embryonic fibroblasts stably transfected with a superrepressor mutant inhibitory subunit IκB that rendered NF-κB inactivatable also underwent apoptosis when infected, whereas infected wild-type human embryonic fibroblasts survived. R. rickettsii , therefore, appeared to inhibit host cell apoptosis via a mechanism dependent on NF-κB activation. Apoptotic nuclear changes correlated with presence of intracellular organisms and thus this previously unrecognized proapoptotic signal, masked by concomitant NF-κB activation, likely required intracellular infection. Our studies demonstrate that a bacterial organism can exert an antiapoptotic effect, thus modulating the host cell’s apoptotic response to its own advantage by potentially allowing the host cell to remain as a site of infection.
Parametric performance analysis of a Passive House building (2017)

Passive House standard is a rigorous voluntary scheme for high energy efficiency buildings. Passive behaviour implies that solar heat gains and internal heat gains due to people, lighting and appliances are able to nearly balance the heat losses due to transmission and ventilation in heating mode. This standard is mostly applied in Northern European countries, where heating represents, in most of the cases, the predominant part of energy consumption. However, the adoption of these strategies in the Mediterranean area has to be carefully evaluated to prevent overheating in intermediate seasons an increase of cooling loads in summer. In other words, the use of this standard in the Mediterranean area, characterized by a mild climate, can be debatable. Further, optimistic assumptions are often considered in the design phase and semi-stationary calculation methodologies are still commonly used. Additionally, occupants’ comfort preferences and behavior can determine a high variability in terms of energy performance, in particular with respect to the cost of energy services and the interaction with infrastructures. The research presented concentrates on the analysis of the potential performance variability due to occupants’ behaviour and envelope quality, starting from a real case study building constructed following Passive House standard in Italy. The research compares the initial design hypothesis, obtained with a semi-stationary calculation tool, with a larger spectrum of data generated by means of a parametric simulation, following a Design of Experiment (DOE) approach. The approach aims to detect potentially critical assumptions already from the preliminary design phase, making a proper use of available simulation methodologies to ensure the robustness of energy performance evaluation in the design phase and the possibility to monitor performance transparently and easily in the operation phase.
Monocyte-derived macrophages promote breast cancer bone metastasis outgrowth (2020)

Bone metastasis is the major cause of death in breast cancer. The lack of effective treatment suggests that disease mechanisms are still largely unknown. As a key component of the tumor microenvironment, macrophages promote tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, we found that macrophages are abundant in human and mouse breast cancer bone metastases. Macrophage ablation significantly inhibited bone metastasis growth. Lineage tracking experiments indicated that these macrophages largely derive from Ly6C+CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes. Ablation of the chemokine receptor, CCR2, significantly inhibited bone metastasis outgrowth and prolonged survival. Immunophenotyping identified that bone metastasis-associated macrophages express high levels of CD204 and IL4R. Furthermore, monocyte/macrophage-restricted IL4R ablation significantly inhibited bone metastasis growth, and IL4R null mutant monocytes failed to promote bone metastasis outgrowth. Together, this study identified a subset of monocyte-derived macrophages that promote breast cancer bone metastasis in an IL4R-dependent manner. This suggests that IL4R and macrophage inhibition can have potential therapeutic benefit against breast cancer bone disease.