gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Citrate and the Conversion of Carbohydrate into Fat (1970)

A cell-free system, consisting of particle-free cytoplasm and mitochondria prepared from rat liver, has been used to study the transfer of acetyl groups from the intramitochondrial to the extramitochondrial space during fatty acid synthesis. 14C-Pyruvate, generated from 14C-alanine, was used to generate intramitochondrial 14C-acetyl-CoA. Fatty acid synthesis was followed by measuring the incorporation of 3H2O and 14C. Pool dilution experiments showed that the acetyl group of intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA leaves the mitochondria in the form of citrate, or of a closely related tricarboxylate. (-)-Hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of citrate cleavage enzyme, strongly inhibits fatty acid synthesis from 14C-alanine. On the other hand, (-)-hydroxycitrate has little or no effect on respiration, phosphorylation, and citrate accumulation during the course of the experiments. n-Butylmalonate, an inhibitor of malate permease, also inhibits fatty acid synthesis. This inhibition is reversed by malate. n-Butylmalonate probably exerts its effect by preventing the activation of α-ketoglutarate and tricarboxylate permeases by malate. It is concluded that citrate is the major carrier in the transfer of acetyl groups from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm.
Chirality induction in cyclopolymerization. VI. Enantioselective cationic cyclopolymerization of divinyl ethers with chiral 10‐camphorsulfonic acid/zinc chloride initiating system (1997)

Cyclopolymerization of benzaldehyde divinyl acetal (1) and 1,2-divinyloxybenzene (4) was carried out using (+)- or (−)-camphorsulfonic acid [(+)- or (−)-2]/ZnCl2 initiating system. Polymer 3 obtained from monomer 1 consisted essentially of cyclic repeating units, whereas polymer 5 from 4 possessed a small amount of residual vinyloxy groups. Both polymers 3 and 5 using (+)-2/ZnCl2 showed optical activity with a negative sign of optical rotation. The molar optical rotation values of polymer 3 using ZnCl2 · OEt2 were larger than those using ZnCl2. The CD spectra of the polymer with [Φ] = −30.1° ((−)-3) and (4S,6S)-4,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane showed a negative Cotton effect at 210 nm, whereas the polymer with [Φ] = +24.1° ((+)-3) and (4R,6R)-4,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane had mirror image CD curves with a positive Cotton effect at 210 nm. The absolute configurations of the major chiral cyclic units in (−)- and (+)-3 were the SS- and RR-forms, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Specific Cross-talk between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>5</sub> Promotes Carcinoma Cell Invasion and Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Specific Cross-talk between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Integrin α&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; Promotes Carcinoma Cell Invasion and Metastasis
Fiber Bragg grating extensometers for reliable health monitoring applications in civil engineering (2004)

This paper describes the laboratory tests and field trial on the Saint-Jean bridge (Bordeaux, France) of both FBG extensometers (long and short-gage) and associated instrumentation, in the context of its industrial transfer.
Comparison of new ultrasonic and hot wire thermo-anemometer gas flow meters (2011)

This paper reviews the comparison of a newly developed ultrasonic gas flow meter with a standard hot wire thermo-anemometer flow meter. The flow meters are compared utilizing a wind tunnel to induce flow through the meters. The ultrasonic gas flow was been developed and demonstrated under a NAVAIR-sponsored program. The ultrasonic meter uses acoustic pulse trains to measure gas flows through pipes or tubes in a wide range of configurations and conditions while maintaining a useable large dynamic. The demonstrated performance in the wind tunnel testing is over a large magnitude of flow and shows an extremely linear output measurement. The ultrasonic gas flow meter is bidirectional, and non-intrusive. The demonstrated performance of the ultrasonic meter is very promising to the other commercially compared flow meters.
Вычисление положения искусственного спутника земли при ограничениях на ошибки измерений (2012)

The application of the least squares and minimax methods for near-earth space object position identification under known restrictions on the measurement errors is considered in this article. The computational schemes being used for a space object trajectories parameters evaluating under different measurement errors are studied. The given algorithms accuracy characteristics under different measurement errors distributions are determined. The results of the computations are presented.
Epigenetic markers for newborn congenital heart defect (CHD) (2015)

Profound differences in cytosine methylation were observed in hundreds of genes in newborns with different types of CHD. There appears to be the potential for development of accurate genetic biomarkers for CHD detection in newborns.
ANALYSIS OF DRIVING FORCE OF CULTIVATED LAND CHANGE (2007)

There are many complicated factors influencing the quantity of cultivated land,so a simple regression analysis can not achieve a satisfactory model.This paper analyzes quantitatively the factors influencing the quantity of cultivated land in District B,City A,and concludes that two main factors influencing the quantity of cultivated land lies in two aspects: economy and population.To protect the cultivated lands shall involve many approaches in economy,policy,science and technology.
Antimicrobial Effects and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts of Psoralea corylifolia Seeds Against Listeria monocytogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2019)

<i>Psoralea corylifolia</i> seeds contain many bioactive compounds commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the antibacterial activity and possible mechanism of <i>P. corylifolia</i> seed ethanol extract (PCEE) against foodborne pathogens were investigated. Both methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> had similar minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of PCEE at 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, elevated OD<sub>260</sub>, protein concentration, and electric conductivity indicated irreversible damage to the cytoplasmic membranes of PCEE-treated cells. Indeed, the treated cells displayed disrupted membranes, incomplete and deformed shapes, and rupture as visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Multidrug-resistance efflux pump gene expression was also analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Although the <i>mdrL</i>, <i>mdrT</i>, and <i>lde</i> genes of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and the <i>mepA</i> gene of MRSA were upregulated, there was no significant difference that indicated an attempt by the efflux pumps to discharge PCEE. MRSA <i>norA</i> expression and <i>abcA</i> expression were significantly downregulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A possible mechanism for PCEE may be to cause an energy depletion, either by inhibiting adenosine triphosphate binding or by disturbing the proton gradient, resulting in membrane damage.
Imaging insights from the bifurcated Y-graft Fontan procedure (2016)

Results From August, 2010 to July, 2015, 45 children (median age 3.6 years, range 1.5 18.9 years) have undergone a Y-graft Fontan. In all 45 patients, echocardiography was unable to visualize the Y-arm connections to the branch PA’s. Thirty-nine patients underwent CMR a median of 9 days after Fontan (range 4-295 days), and 6 patients with pacemakers underwent CTA. Early in the experience, time resolved contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiogram (CEMRA) provided the best spatial resolution for baffle evaluation (Figure 1a). In late 2013, our CMR protocol changed to include a blood pool Gadolinium contrast agent, Gadofosveset Trisodium. Subsequently, postcontrast, 3D, respiratory navigated, inversion recovery gradient echo imaging (3D IR GRE) provided superior spatial resolution for the final 19 children (Figure 1b). In one patient, thrombosis in the baffle was found. In 40 patients, some degree of stenosis was found in a Fontan baffle or branch PA, though most were mild (n = 27). Among those with moderate or severe stenosis, most occurred in the central PA, between the insertion of the bidirectional Glenn (BDG) and a Y-arm (n = 7). Phase contrast imaging and the time resolved CEMRA provided insights into Fontan hemodynamics. In 14 patients, inferior systemic venous return was affected by the BDG position and angulation, with competitive flow in either the left or right Y-arm resulting in asymmetric inferior systemic venous return to the branch PA’s (Figure 2). This finding was more pronounced in patients with central PA stenosis.
Gastric Polyps (1982)

We suggest an approach to patients with gastric polyps, based on a study of 73 patients seen at this institution over a 5-year period. There were 40 cases of adenomatous and 20 cases of hamartomatous polyps. Differentiation between these two groups of polyps was not possible on the basis of clinical presentation, laboratory data, radiological, or endoscopic appearance. Differentiation was possible only on histologic examination of a totally resected specimen. In this series, only the adenomatous polyps were associated with gastric cancers in five patients. Since the malignancy either preceded or followed the recognition of adenomatous polyps, it is important to establish an early definite histological diagnosis. Patients with known adenomatous polyps should be followed closely for the development of gastric carcinoma, even after the polyps have been removed.
Brevetoxin-6 (PbTx-6), a Nonaromatic Marine Neurotoxin, Is a Ligand of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (1997)

Brevetoxins (PbTx) are a family of marine polyether toxins that exert their toxic action by activating voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Two forms of brevetoxin, PbTx-2 and -3, induce hepatic cytochrome P4501A1, measured as ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in redfish and striped bass. P4501A1 induction is transcriptionally regulated through the binding of a ligand, typically a planar aromatic compound, to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and subsequent complex formation with the dioxin response element (DRE), an upstream regulatory region of the CYP1A1 gene. To determine if PbTx, a nonaromatic compound, induced EROD by this mechanism, two sets of experiments were performed. Initially, saturation binding assays with PbTx-2, -3, and -6 were carried out to determine if PbTx-2, -3, or -6 was an AhR ligand. Results showed that PbTx-6 inhibited specific binding of dioxin to the AhR, whereas PbTx-2 and -3 had no effect. Subsequently, gel retardation assays showed that PbTx-6 caused a concentration-dependent increase in AhR-DRE complex formation. The most abundant and neurotoxic forms of brevetoxin, PbTx-2 and -3, did not appear to be involved in this process. However, PbTx-6, the epoxide which is a likely biotransformation product, is at least one of the forms of PbTx involved in EROD induction.
Stabilization of a Triplet Diradical on a Binuclear palladium(II) Dipyrrindione (2021)

Porphyrins and other macrocyclic oligopyrroles form a versatile class of redox-active ligands and electron reservoirs. The stabilization of unpaired electrons within oligopyrrolic π systems adds to the available reactivity pathways and spin states of metal complexes for applications in catalysis and functional materials. In this context, bidentate dipyrrindiones are emerging as compact platforms for one-electron redox chemistry in transition metal complexes. We report the synthesis of a bis(aqua) palladium(II) dipyrrindione complex and its deprotonation-driven dimerization to form a hydroxo-bridged dinuclear complex. Electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and computational analyses indicate the accessibility of two reduction processes on the dipyrrindione frameworks of the dinuclear complex. The product of a two-electron reduction by cobaltocene was isolated and characterized. In the solid state, this cobaltoceni- um salt features a folded dianionic complex maintaining the hydroxo bridges between the divalent palladium centers. X- band and Q-band EPR spectroscopic experiments and DFT computational analysis allow assignment of the dianionic species as a triplet diradical supported by the dipyrrindione ligands. These dipyrroles, which are also known as propentdyopents and were initially isolated as urinary pigments and heme metabolites, extend the rich chemistry of bidentate dipyrrin ligands to include the stabilization of ligand-centered radicals.
Various Electrochemical Approaches for Corrosion Engineering (2010)

筆者らによって試みられた種々の電気化学的手法による腐食現象や腐食機構の解明，腐食速度のモニタリングなどについて紹介した．特に，電気化学インピーダンス法とそれに基づく腐食速度のモニタリング法の考え方，大気腐食のシミュレーションと計測に関する電気化学的方法の適用，チャンネルフロー電極法によるアノード溶解機構の解析法の考え方について解説した．また，亜鉛系めっき鋼板の腐食生成物から溶出したZnイオンが下地鉄の腐食を抑制することを紹介した．鋼板の新しい表面処理として筆者らが提案したAl-Mg-Si合金の溶融めっきは，犠牲防食作用時の電位が亜鉛系めっきの－1.0 Vより高いことから，高張力鋼の水素脆化の懸念が小さくなる．
Assessing the phase retardation in corneal tissues using a femtosecond laser (2013)

We developed and validated a versatile test method for precise quantification of phase retardation in corneal tissues using a femtosecond laser. It is based on an experimental system for direct measurement of corneal phase rotation due to corneal birefringence effects using a dual-polarizer, computer-controlled, femtosecond laser design. It also includes a comprehensive analytical model using Jones matrices. The test method presented is used for quantification of phase retardation in corneal tissues by employing the experimental data obtained from corneal phase rotation measurements and using analytical model assessments. The experimental and theoretical results obtained, and thus, the system's high accuracy and repeatability potential for assessing the corneal phase retardation are validated using control phase retardation evaluation.
Tissue vascularization through 3D printing: Will technology bring us flow? (2015)

As bioprinting technologies improve with regards to resolution, printing speed, available materials, and automation, 3D printing could be used to generate highly controlled vascularized tissues in a high throughput manner for use in regenerative medicine and the development of in vitro tissue models for research in developmental biology and vascular diseases.
Application of proteins in burst delivery systems (2010)

Biological proteins embedded in either a biological or an engineered membrane will actively maintain electrochemical balance across that membrane. In this study two applications will be examined. First a system of governing equations will be calibrated for a biological endosome. The endocytosis predictions presented then serve to validate the model. In addition, these predictions introduce new insights into endosome burst, which is of interest for advancing DNA vaccine delivery. The calibrated model is subsequently adapted to an analogous engineering scenario for targeted payload delivery. In the presence of a specific external stimulus, burst release of an arbitrary payload encased in a vesicle akin to an endosome is explored. Control of the process through manipulation of vesicle size, stimulus, and transporters is presented. A case is made for application of proteins as building blocks in the design of targeted response materials.
Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Based on Serotype 3b Use Components of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Complex for Efficient Transduction (2012)

Adeno-associated virus type 3b (AAV3b) has been largely ignored by gene therapists because of the inability of vectors based on this serotype to transduce target tissues efficiently. Here we describe a phenomenon unique to AAV3b in that vectors based on this serotype mediate enhanced transduction in the presence of heparin. Among the many biological functions attributed to heparin, its interaction with, and ability to regulate, several growth factors (GFs) and growth factor receptors (GFRs) has been well characterized. Using GFR-overexpressing cell lines, soluble GFs and heparins, as well as specific GFR inhibitors, we have demonstrated a requirement for fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) and FGF1 in the heparin-mediated augmentation of AAV3b vector transduction. In contrast to AAV2, we establish that heparin can be used as an adjunct with AAV3b to further increase transduction in a variety of cells and target tissues, additionally suggesting that AAV3b may be an attractive viral vector for clinical use during procedures in which heparin is used. In summary, AAV3b exhibits FGFR2-dependent, markedly enhanced transduction efficiency in the presence of heparin and FGFs, which could make it a useful vector for gene therapy in a variety of human diseases.
AXIN2 expression predicts prostate cancer recurrence and regulates invasion and tumor growth. (2015)

e16092 Background: Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) may be improved by identifying biological mechanisms of tumor growth and renewal that directly impact clinical disease progression. We investigated whether genes associated with a highly tumorigenic, drug resistant, progenitor phenotype impact PCa biology and disease recurrence. Methods: Radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens (+/- disease recurrence) were analyzed by qRT-PCR to quantify expression of genes associated with self-renewal, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity in prior studies. Univariable and multivariable associations between gene expression and PCa recurrence were confirmed by bootstrap internal validation and by external validation in independent cohorts and in-silico. siRNA knockdown and lentiviral overexpression were used to determine the effect of gene expression on PCa proliferation, invasion and tumor growth. Results: Four candidate genes were differentially expressed in PCa recurrence, and of these, low AXIN2 expression was internally validated. In external cohorts and in silico, low AXIN2 was independently associated with more aggressive PCa, biochemical recurrence, and metastasis-free survival after RP. In vitro and in vivo, low AXIN2 expression was associated with a cancer stem-like cell-surface signature and significantly greater invasiveness, proliferative, and tumor growth. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of AXIN2 significantly reduced invasiveness, proliferation, and tumor growth. Conclusions: Low AXIN2 expression was associated with PCa recurrence after RP in our test population as well as in external validation cohorts, and its expression levels in PCa cells significantly impacted invasiveness, proliferation and tumor growth. Given these novel roles, further study of AXIN2 in PCa may yield promising new predictive and therapeutic strategies.
NON-STATIONARY CONDITION MONITORING WITH THE AEWATT TOOLBOX (2005)

We are developing a specialized toolbox for non-stationary condition monitoring of large 2-stroke diesel engines based on acoustic emission measurements. The main contribution of this toolbox has so far been the utilization of adaptive linear models such as Principal and Independent Component Analysis, as combined modeling and feature reduction methods. These models describe the, say 1024 or 2048, acoustic emission samples per engine revolution, i.e. data are in the crank angle domain. In this framework we have applied unsupervised learning using only one feature - the log- likelihood of an example given the trained linear model. The setup is semi unsupervised, as model parameters are learnt from normal condition data only, thus the system is not directly capable of error identification. However, it should be noticed that the adaptive linear models allow for some diagnosis based on the angular location of residual energy. Also, the framework can be extended, for instance by post modeling of repeated faults. Furthermore, we have investigated the problem of non-stationary condition monitoring when operational changes induce angular timing changes in the observed signals. Our contribution, the inversion of those angular timing changes called event alignment, has allowed for condition monitoring across operation load settings, successfully enabling a single model to be used with realistic data under varying operational conditions.
Barriers and solutions to diabetes management: An Indian perspective (2013)

India, with one of the largest and most diverse populations of people living with diabetes, experiences significant barriers in successful diabetes care. Limitations in appropriate and timely use of insulin impede the achievement of good glycemic control. The current article aims to identify solutions to barriers in the effective use of insulin therapy viz. its efficacy and safety, impact on convenience and life-style and lack of awareness and education. Therapeutic modalities, which avoid placing an undue burden on patients' life-style, must be built. These should incorporate patient-centric paradigms of diabetes care, team-based approach for life-style modification and monitoring of patients' adherence to therapy. To address the issues in efficacy and safety, long-acting, flat profile basal insulin, which mimics physiological insulin and show fewer hypoglycemic events is needed. In addition, therapy must be linked to monitoring of blood glucose to enable effective use of insulin therapy. In conjunction, wide-ranging efforts must be made to remove negative perception of insulin therapy in the community. Patient- and physician - targeted programs to enhance awareness in various aspects of diabetes care must be initiated across all levels of health-care ensuring uniformity of information. To successfully address the challenges in facing diabetes care, partnerships between various stakeholders in the care process must be explored.
Control simultáneo de helmintos y de hemoparásitos en bovinos (1971)

A group of 50 male Holstein-Friesian calves, 3 to 4 months old were used to evaluate a control program for gastrointestinal and hemotropic parasites. The experiment was conducted at the ICA Experimental Station in Palmira, Cauca Valley at an elevation of 1.000 m. The animals were divided into 3 groups.Twenty animals were premunized simultaneously against babesiosis and anaplasmosis; 8 days later they were treated against babesiosis using the compound 4A65 at a dosage of 1 mg./kg., of body weight, and 21 and 56 days after premunition they were treated intravenously with the compound 356-C-61 (5 mg./kg. IV) against anaplasmosis.Twenty animals were premunized against anaplasmosis as it was done with the animals in Group I. Animals in this group were vaccinated with AGS plus adjuvant vaccine against babesiosis. The vaccine was repeated 14 days later. Animals in Group I and II were treated twice during the experiment with Ripercol (Tetramisol) against gastrointestinal parasites. Ten animals were not treated and were used as controls. All three groups of calves were kept under the same environmental conditions and the same management. The experiment was carried out during a period of 8 months. Blood samples were collected to evaluate anemia and parasitemia. The antibody titer was determined by the complement fixation test. The body weights were measured and the fecal samples were examined for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Animals in Groups I and II had a high degree of resistance to babesiosis and anaplasmosis infections as a result of effective premunition and vaccination techniques. However, the animals in the control group had clinical babesiosis and anaplasmosis and high infestation with gastrointestinal parasites.The importance of simultaneous control of gastrointestinal and hemotropic parasites is pointed out and methods to control these parasites are given.