gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Previously uncharacterized roles of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b complex in mouse spermatogenesis (2003)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to affect sperm motility and acrosomal function, thereby altering fertility. PAF acetylhydrolase 1b (PAFAH1B) hydrolyzes PAF and is composed of three subunits [the lissencephaly (LIS1) protein and alpha1 and alpha2 subunits] and structurally resembles a GTP-hydrolyzing protein. Besides the brain, transcripts for Lis1, alpha1, and alpha2 are localized to meiotic and early haploid germ cells. Here, we report disruptions of the alpha2 (Pafah1b2) and alpha1 (Pafah1b3) genes in mice. Male mice homozygous null for alpha2(alpha2-/-) are infertile, and spermatogenesis is disrupted at mid- or late pachytene stages of meiosis or early spermiogenesis. Whereas mice homozygous mutant for alpha1(alpha1-/-) have normal fertility and normal spermatogenesis, those with disruptions of both alpha1 and alpha2 (alpha1-/-alpha2-/-) manifest an earlier disturbance of spermatogenesis with an onset at preleptotene or leptotene stages of meiosis. Testicular Lis1 protein levels are up-regulated in the alpha2-/- and alpha1-/-alpha2-/- mice. Lowering Lis1 levels by inactivating one allele of Lis1 in alpha2 null or alpha1/alpha 2 null genetic backgrounds (i.e., alpha2-/-Lis1+/- or alpha1-/-alpha2-/-Lis1+/- mice) restored spermatogenesis and male fertility. Our data provide evidence for unique roles of the PAFAH1B complex and, particularly, the lissencephaly protein Lis1 in spermatogenesis.
Lithium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Intermolecular Hydroamination Reactions of Vinylarenes and Simple Secondary Amines (2017)

Abstract Various β‐arylethylamine derivatives were straightforwardly obtained by the lithium‐catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov selective intermolecular hydroamination reaction of secondary aliphatic amines with vinylarenes. The use of only 1.5 mol % LiCH 2 TMS as a solid base in THF proved to be efficient to deliver the target products at room temperature with up to complete conversions. Both reaction partners were, moreover, used in equivalent amounts; thus, this protocol best respects the concepts of sustainable chemistry for the easy preparation of lead structures for pharmaceutically active compounds.
L-Type amino acid transporter 1 as a target for drug delivery (2020)

Our growing understanding of membrane transporters and their substrate specificity has opened a new avenue in the field of targeted drug delivery. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been one of the most extensively investigated transporters for delivering drugs across biological barriers. The transporter is predominantly expressed in cerebral cortex, blood-brain barrier, blood-retina barrier, testis, placenta, bone marrow and several types of cancer. Its physiological function is to mediate Na<sup>+</sup> and pH independent exchange of essential amino acids: leucine, phenylalanine, etc. Several drugs and prodrugs designed as LAT1 substrates have been developed to improve targeted delivery into the brain and cancer cells. Thus, the anti-parkinsonian drug, L-Dopa, the anti-cancer drug, melphalan and the anti-epileptic drug gabapentin, all used in clinical practice, utilize LAT1 to reach their target site. These examples provide supporting evidence for the utility of the LAT1-mediated targeted delivery of the (pro)drug. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in LAT1-mediated targeted drug delivery. In addition, the use of LAT1 is critically evaluated and limitations of the approach are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Atisine via Intramolecular Double Michael Reaction. (1988)

Abstract Intramolecular double Michael reaction of the intermediate (XI) yields the pentacyclic ketone (XII) (space group P2 1 /c; Z=4).
Design of low impedance busbar for 10 kV, 100A 4H-SiC MOSFET short-circuit tester using axial capacitors (2015)

This paper discusses the design of a setup for short-circuit (SC) testing of 10 kV 10A 4H-SiC MOSFETs. The setup can achieve voltages up to 10 kV and currents in excess of 100A. The main objective during the design was to obtain low parasitic inductance throughout the setup, while at the same time, reduce the complexity and size of the setup by avoiding series connection of DC-link capacitor and by employing capacitors with voltage ratings above 10 kV. Obtaining a low inductance at such voltage levels is challenging, considering the required clearance distances, the lack of radial style capacitor rated for 10 kV on the market, the package design of CREE 10 kV 10 A 4H-SiC MOSFETs and the required space for the device heater. Ansys Q3D is used in order to extract the parasitic components from the design. Custom designed aluminum cans for 15 kV axial capacitors are used in order to minimize the inductance, with a symmetrical arrangement in order to provide optimal current sharing distribution. Busbar measurements verify the low inductive design of the DC-link. The measured inductance is also validated by means of Finite Element Method analysis and by experimental validation.
Vlsi Design Curriculum (2020)

The Intel Foundation has funded a project at the University of Michigan to develop, document, and disseminate a world-class VLSI curriculum. This paper, which is the first presentation of the project, describes
Copper(I)-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization under Fluorous Biphasic Conditions (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCopper(I)-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization under Fluorous Biphasic ConditionsDavid M. Haddleton, Stuart G. Jackson, and Stefan A. F. BonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry, CV4 7AL U.K. Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7, 1542–1543Publication Date (Web):February 3, 2000Publication History Received27 September 1999Published online3 February 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993478fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993478frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views828Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Copolymers,Hydrocarbons,Living polymerization Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Various Vortex Generator Configurations on a Normal Shock Wave / Boundary Layer Interaction (2013)

A number of VG configurations have been examined in a inlet relevant fiow-fleld which includes a terminal shock wave and subsequent subsonic diffuser. The flow-fleld was found to be highly sensitive to VG configuration. While the performance of one vane VG configuration was good over a wide range of streamwise positions, another quite similar vane configuration tended to perforin less well-especially when positioned further from the separation-and work is ongoing to determine the reasons behind tliis behavior. In addition, it was found that vane-type VG configurations were appreciably better at reducing separation than their micro-ramp counterparts. When combined with bleed in the centre-span region upstream of the VGs, the performance of vane type VGs was further enhanced and was the best of any configuration. © 2013 by Neil Titchener, Holger Babinsky and Eric Loth.
Permeability and Thermal Conductivity of Compact Adsorbent of Salts for Sorption Refrigeration (2012)

Properties, such as thermal conductivity and permeability, are important for the heat and mass transfer performance in sorption refrigeration. This Technical Brief investigates the thermal conductivity and permeability of eight types of chlorides, which are consolidated with expanded natural graphite (ENG) for the heat transfer intensification.
Gravity-dependent phenomena in lung ventilation determined by functional EIT (1996)

Gravity exerts an effect on the distribution of intrapulmonary ventilation. A study on the detection of gravity-dependent inhomogeneity of ventilation by a functional EIT technique is presented. The study was performed on five human subjects, whose ventilation distribution was modified by changes in body position. The subjects were studied during spontaneous tidal breathing. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the functional EIT images revealed that the ventilation is higher in the dependent lung regions when compared with the non-dependent ones. These EIT findings correspond to current knowledge of the physiological behaviour of the lungs as derived from the radioactive-gas methods and raise the possibility of applying the less complicated functional EIT in future studies on ventilation distribution in the lungs. This may be of major interest in the monitoring of intensive care patients with severe pulmonary disorders.
Collagenofibrotic Glomerulonephropathy with Fibronectin Deposition in a Dog (2009)

We report herein a case of collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy in a 3-year-old Shiba Inu with severe proteinuria. Histologically, renal glomeruli were enlarged with massive deposition of a homogeneous eosinophilic substance within the mesangium and capillary walls. The deposits reacted weakly with periodic acid-Schiff, stained deep blue with Masson's trichrome, and were positive by immunofluorescence for type III collagen and fibronectin. Ultrastructurally, the deposits consisted of fibrils and amorphous material in the mesangial matrix and beneath the glomerular capillary endothelium. The fibrils had transverse bands analogous to those of collagen fibrils. Electron microscopy also revealed focal detachment of podocytes and foot process effacement in glomerular tufts, which suggested that podocyte injury had contributed to the development of proteinuria in this dog. The current case resembles collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy (CFGN) in humans in histopathologic, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic findings. This is the first report of CFGN in a nonhuman species with glomerular deposition of fibronectin and type III collagen.
SISTEMA MODULAR DE AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM VIA WEB: WEBTEST (1999)

The goal of this paper is to describe the WebTest, a system to compose tests in the World Wide Web that has been developed at Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo as part of the Distance Learning System Architeture of LARC. With the WebTest, the teacher is able to compose tests that can be done by the students in the Web. The paper presents the WebTest's modules: TestBuider, RemoteTestBuilder and TestTaker, describing their features and architetures.
X-Ray determination of the structure and conformation of an oxide from helenalin (1975)

The crystal and molecular structure of the oxide (II) produced by the reaction of helenalin (I) with hydrogen chloride–chloroform and deactivated neutral alumina has been established by X-ray analysis from photographic data. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with a= 8·57(1), b= 15·79(2), c= 9·95(1)Å, Z= 4. The structure was solved by direct phase-determining methods and the molecular parameters refined by full-matrix least-squares calculations to R 0·117 over 1303 independent observed reflections. The cycloheptane ring adopts a conformation intermediate between the twist-chair and chair forms.
Multimodal information integration and visualization: optical imaging and MRI (2005)

We have developed a software platform for multimodal integration and visualization of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of breast cancer. The image visualization platform allows multimodality 3D image visualization and manipulation of datasets, such as a variety of 3D rendering technique, and the ability to simultaneously control multiple fields of view. This platform enables quantitative and qualitative analysis of structural and functional diagnostic data, using both conventional & molecular imaging. The functional parameters, together with morphological parameters from MR can be suitably combined and correlated to the absolute diagnosis from histopathology. Fusion of the multimodal datasets will eventually lead to a significant improvement in the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection. Fusion may also allow a priori structural information derived from MRI to be incorporated into the reconstruction of diffuse optical tomography images. We will present the early results of image visualization and registration on multimodal breast cancer data, DOT and MRI.
Traffic Intersection Detection Using Floating Car Data (2020)

The autonomous vehicle navigation system and the intelligent traffic system need real-time routing planning in traffic engineering and management. Urban road intersections play bottlenecks of urban roads, contributing a great deal to the loss of travel time due to traffic interference, management and control. The detection of the traffic intersection is important for obtaining real-time road regulation information. This paper proposes a method to detect the traffic intersection based on floating car data that is typically timestamped geo-localization, direction and speed data directly collected by moving vehicles. The angle of the direction difference can be used as the features for detecting the traffic intersection. The identification of the traffic intersections algorithm is developed based on the data density clustering algorithm. The floating car data is collected by about 15,000 cars using an onboard with the Global Positioning System receiver and sensors that providing positions (latitude, longitude) instantaneous speed, drive direction and time etc. The assessment results show the approach has excellent performance with high accuracy for traffic intersection detection.
Long-term potentiation of glycinergic inhibitory synaptic transmission (1995)

1. Tetanizing protocols were used to test whether glycinergic inhibition undergoes long-term plasticity in vivo. For this purpose we studied the inhibition evoked disynaptically in the teleost Mauthner (M) cell by stimulation of the posterior branch of the contralateral VIIIth nerve. The advantage of this experimental design is that the inhibition, which is mediated by identified second-order commissural interneurons, is not contaminated by parallel excitation. 2. The VIIIth-nerve-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), which are generated at the level of the soma, are depolarizing in Cl(-)-loaded M cells. After VIIIth nerve tetanization, these IPSPs exhibited potentiation lasting > 30 min in 23 of 31 cells. The maximum enhancement measured 5-10 min after the onset of the tetanization averaged 100 +/- 19% (mean +/- SE). In contrast, the non-"tetanized" collateral IPSP induced by antidromic stimulation of the M axon did not increase significantly suggesting synaptic specificity of the potentiation. 3. Single-electrode voltage-clamp studies of Cl(-)-loaded M cells indicated that this plasticity is due to an increased synaptic conductance that occurs without obvious modifications of the kinetics or voltage dependence of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents. 4. The synaptic conductance and its changes during potentiation were quantified by measuring the inhibitory shunt of the antidromic spike while recording with potassium-acetate-filled electrodes. For this purpose the ratio, r', of the inhibitory to resting membrane conductances, was calculated using the expression (V/V')--1, where V and V' are the amplitudes of the control and the test antidromic spikes, respectively. This ratio was called fractional conductance. Measured at the peak of the expected VIIIth-nerve-evoked IPSP, r' increased by 114 +/- 18% (n = 46). Again the collateral inhibitory conductance was not modified. 5. Because there are two synapses in the inhibitory pathway, it became important to determine whether modifications of the second-order inhibitory junctions contribute to the overall potentiation. Several experimental procedures were used for this purpose. 6. The input-output relationship at the inhibitory synapses was determined by comparing the size of the presynaptic volley and r'. The former was recorded intra- or extracellularly as a monophasic positive potential, the so-called extrinsic hyperpolarizing potential, which increases in parallel with the strength of VIIIth nerve stimulation. In 12 experiments where the presynaptic volley was unaffected by the tetanization, suggesting lack of involvement of the first relay, r' nevertheless increased in amplitude by 79 +/- 14%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Extraction of Lipids from Chlorella Alga by Supercritical Hexane and Demonstration of Their Subsequent Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation (2016)

Extraction of lipids from Chlorella algae with supercritical hexane resulted in the high lipids yield of approximately 10% obtained at optimum conditions in terms of extraction time and agitation compared to the total content of lipids being 12%. Furthermore, an easiness of hexane recovery may be considered as economically and ecologically attractive. For the first time, in the current work catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of Chlorella algal lipids was studied over 5 wt % Ni/SiO2 at 300 °C and under 30 bar total pressure in H2. The conversion of lipids was about 15% as the catalyst was totally deactivated after 60 min. The transformation of lipids proceeded mostly via hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis with formation of free fatty acid (FFA). Lower activity might be attributed to deactivation of catalysts caused by chlorophylls and carotenoids. Even though the conversion is low, future studies in HDO of lipids extracted from other algae species having higher lipid content could be proposed. A coke resistant catalyst might be considered to improve catalytic activity.
Inactivation of Zeb1 in GRHL2-deficient mouse embryos rescues mid-gestation viability and secondary palate closure (2020)

Cleft lip and palate are common birth defects resulting from failure of the facial processes to fuse during development. The mammalian grainyhead-like (<i>Grhl1-3</i>) genes play key roles in a number of tissue fusion processes including neurulation, epidermal wound healing and eyelid fusion. One family member, <i>Grhl2</i>, is expressed in the epithelial lining of the first pharyngeal arch in mice at embryonic day (E)10.5, prompting analysis of the role of this factor in palatogenesis. <i>Grhl2</i>-null mice die at E11.5 with neural tube defects and a cleft face phenotype, precluding analysis of palatal fusion at a later stage of development. However, in the first pharyngeal arch of <i>Grhl2</i>-null embryos, dysregulation of transcription factors that drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with a shift in RNA-splicing patterns that favours the generation of mesenchymal isoforms of numerous regulators. Driving the EMT perturbation is loss of expression of the EMT-suppressing transcription factors <i>Ovol1</i> and <i>Ovol2</i>, which are direct GRHL2 targets. The expression of the miR-200 family of microRNAs, also GRHL2 targets, is similarly reduced, resulting in a 56-fold upregulation of <i>Zeb1</i> expression, a major driver of mesenchymal cellular identity. The critical role of GRHL2 in mediating cleft palate in <i>Zeb1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice is evident, with rescue of both palatal and facial fusion seen in <i>Grhl2<sup>-/-</sup>;Zeb1<sup>-/-</sup></i> embryos. These findings highlight the delicate balance between GRHL2/ZEB1 and epithelial/mesenchymal cellular identity that is essential for normal closure of the palate and face. Perturbation of this pathway may underlie cleft palate in some patients.
The cost model of moving objects communication with GPS (2003)

The development of spatio-temporal database systems is primarily motivated by applications which track and present mobile objects. In the typical application of moving object, we obtain the position of moving object from GPS or some other mobile devices. In this paper, we propose the model of a moving object, analyse the components of the information cost of a trip, discuss the deviation cost, update cost and uncertainty cost and how to calculate them. Finally, we describe the update policy of the moving object, and develop a simulation environment of our model.
Networked Waveform System for Range Velocity Ambiguity Mitigation (2008)

A networked waveform system is developed to overcome the fundamental limitation of a single pulsed Doppler radar in resolving ambiguities. The networked radar system uses the principle that the underlying intrinsic properties of the precipitation medium remain consistent in a network. The ambiguity in range and velocity is resolved by jointly processing the measurements from all the radars in the network. In this paper results for networked waveform system are shown for simulated data as well as data collected with first generation CASA (The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere, an engineering research center established by the National Science Foundation) radars deployed in Oklahoma.
Silicon–transition metal compounds. Part II. Preparation and properties of silylpentacarbonylmanganese (1969)

Silylpentacarbonylmanganese, SiH3Mn(CO)5, has been prepared from NaMn(CO)5 and iodosilane. Its physical properties, including u.v., mass, n.m.r., i.r., and Raman spectra are reported and discussed. It decomposes on heating above about 115° to give H2, CO, SiH4, and HMn(CO)5 as chief volatile products, together with a dark solid that probably has a cross-linked skeleton of Si–Mn bonds. The Si–Mn bond in SiH3Mn(CO)5 is essentially unaffected by HCl and by HgX2(X = Cl or I) and is cleaved slowly by water. On heating, HCl gives the chlorosilyl derivatives SiH3–xClxMn(CO)5(X= 1–3). Attempts at insertion reactions with CO or SO2 were unsuccessful.
Dual stimuli-responsive nano-structure transition of three-arm branched amphiphilic polymers containing ferrocene (Fc) and azobenzene (Azo) moieties in aqueous solution (2019)

Amphiphilic polymers can self-assemble into various nanostructures in solution, which can find applications in many fields such as nanotechnology, drug delivery, and template synthesis. Herein, we report the controlled self-assembly and dual stimuli-responsive nanostructure transition of a class of three-arm branched amphiphilic polymers (AzoFcPEO) containing ferrocene (Fc) and azobenzene (Azo) moieties in aqueous solution. These amphiphilic polymers were synthesized by an esterification reaction of a variety of polyethylene oxide methyl ethers (Me-PEO) with 3-(6-ferrocenyhexyloxyl)-5-(6-azobenzenehexyloxy) benzoic acid. Both the isomerization of Azo and redox of Fc moieties can respectively change the amphiphilicity of these polymers to different degrees. Consequently, these amphiphilic polymers in aqueous solution can self-assemble into various nanostructures, such as spherical micelle, worm-like micelle, spherical compound micelle, rod-like compound micelle and vesicle dependent on the PEO molecular weight, applied stimuli, and polymer concentration. This work can offer tremendous possibilities not only for the fundamental science of the controlled self-assembly but also for establishing a suitable method for regulating the nanostructures of amphiphilic polymers in aqueous solution.