gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beta Titanium Alloy Processed for High Strength Orthopedic Applications (2005)

Abstract The general material requirements for Ti-15Mo have been standardized for surgical implant applications in ASTM F 2066 [1]. This particular standard is currently limited to one microstructural condition that is produced by beta solution treating and rapidly quenching the material to avoid the formation of alpha phase. When the alloy is processed in this way, it maintains a very high level of ductility but relatively low tensile and bending fatigue strengths. Since beta titanium alloys can be strengthened substantially by thermal processes that introduce alpha phase, it may be possible to adjust the microstructure to achieve a balance of properties that will meet the requirements for more highly stressed applications. Tensile and rotating beam fatigue data for several dual phase material conditions of Ti-15Mo indicate that the alloy can be strengthened substantially without introducing tensile notch sensitivity. However, it was necessary to use an alpha/beta annealing process and avoid beta solution treatment prior to aging at 480 °C to achieve this balance of properties. The potential benefits of alpha/beta processing appear to warrant expansion of ASTM F 2066 beyond the current beta solution treated and quenched condition.
Characterization of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Recombinants That Express and Incorporate High Levels of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins (2002)

We generated recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV) expressing genes encoding hybrid proteins consisting of the extracellular domains of hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoproteins fused at different positions to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the VSV G glycoprotein (E1G and E2G). We show that these chimeric proteins are transported to the cell surface and incorporated into VSV virions efficiently. We also generated VSV recombinants in which the gene encoding the VSV G protein was deleted and replaced by one or both of the E1G and E2G genes, together with a green fluorescent protein gene. These DeltaG viruses incorporated E1G and E2G proteins at levels approximately equivalent to the normal level of VSV G itself, or about 1,200 molecules of each protein per virion. Given the potency of VSV recombinants as vaccines in other studies, this high-level expression and incorporation of HCV proteins into virions could be very important for development of an HCV vaccine. Despite the presence of E1G and E2G proteins at high levels in the virions, these virions did not infect cell lines that have been reported to support at least a low level of HCV infection and replication.
InN Growth by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy with Indium Monolayer Insertion (2008)

An etching effect of N-plasma on a GaN buffer layer was found in the initial stage of InN growth by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We proposed to predeposit 1–2 monolayers (ML) of In (referred to as “In insertion”) on the GaN buffer layer to protect it from etching, thus preserving the flat buffer surface for InN growth. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) were carried out to evaluate the GaN buffers and InN films and compare the effect of the In insertion. It has been shown that the In insertion significantly improves the structural quality and optical property of InN. A flatter InN surface, narrower XRD full-width at half-maximum, sharper InN/GaN interface, and stronger PL were observed in optimal samples with 1.8 ML In insertion. The effect of In insertion is discussed in terms of buffer surface protection and enhancement of surface migration of In adatoms.
Electrical Defects in Silicon Introduced by Sputtering and Sputter‐Etching (1980)

Sputtering a gold contact on n‐silicon or sputter‐etching the silicon surface prior to deposition of gold results in a Schottky barrier which shows a barrier height which depends on the sputtering voltage and time, and is lower than a corresponding barrier obtained by evaporation of a gold contact. On p‐silicon a sputtered gold contact also shows a barrier height influenced by the sputtering conditions. The modifications of the barrier height are caused by a thin positively charged layer formed in the semiconductor near the metal‐semiconductor junction. During sputter etching the silicon surface is subject to bombardment by Ar ions with energies of about the sputtering voltage. If this voltage is high enough charged centers will be introduced. These centers are also observed after sputter deposition at high voltage. We found that damage is caused by etching at 500V but not at 100V. This indicates that the damage found after sputter deposition was caused by rebounded Ar atoms.
Studies of Human Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene (1986)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease due to abnormality of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and is characterized by hypercholesterolemia and premature coronary sclerosis.In order to clarify the gene abnormalities of FH, we tried to identify some restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human genomic LDL-R gene with a cDNA (pLDLR-2HH 1) probe (a kind gift from Dr. Russell).The results were as follows:1) After XbaI digestion, the pattern of fragments of LDL-R gene was same (10 kb and 7 kb length) in two homozygous patients with FH and one normolipidemic subject.2) After PvuII digestion, we found two fragments (19 kb and 3.5 kb length) in one of the homozygous patients. While, in the normolipidemic subject, four fragments (19 kb, 7.5 kb, 6.3 kb and 3.5 kb length) were detected. This polymorphism of the LDL-R gene is different from those reported by Humphries et al.
Asynchronous IC interconnect network design and implementation using a standard ASIC flow (2006)

The implementation of interconnect is becoming a significant challenge in modern IC design. Both synchronous and asynchronous strategies have been suggested to manage this problem. Creating a low skew clock tree for synchronous inter-block pipeline stages is a significant challenge. Asynchronous interconnect does not require a global clock, and therefore, it has a potential advantage in terms of design effort. This paper presents an asynchronous interconnect design that can be implemented using a standard ASIC flow. This design is considered in the context of a simple interconnect network. The results demonstrate that there is a region of the design space where the implementation provides an advantage over a synchronous interconnect. A detailed comparison of power, area and latency of the two strategies is also provided for a range of IC scenarios.
Responses of the Respiratory Pumps to Hypoxia in the Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnert) (1970)

ABSTRACT Unanaesthetized rainbow trout, when subjected to a lowered Po2 of the inspired water, show an increase in amplitude of pressures recorded from the buccal and opercular cavities. Pressure amplitudes were commonly found to be 0·5 cm of water in resting trout and increased 4-or 5-fold as inspired Po2 was reduced. Differential pressures across the gills also increased with hypoxia. Typically the minute volume in a 400–600 g trout increased from about 0·2 to 0·6 1/kg/min when the inspired was lowered from 150 to 80 mm Hg, but rose to 1–5 1/kg/min at lower Po2. Increased minute volumes are mainly due to increases in stroke volume; respiratory frequency remains fairly constant at Po2’ s above about 80 mm Hg. The relation between differential pressure and minute volume is fairly linear over much of the range, but minute volume increases more rapidly than differentia] pressure. Oxygen consumption of the non-swimming fish increases during hypoxia and is related to the increased ventilation and differential pressure across the gills. Estimates of the oxygen cost of breathing were made from the increased oxygen consumption during hyperventilation. Comparison of these estimates with estimates of the work done, using the pressure and volume measurements, gave figures for the overall efficiency of the pumping mechanism of about 10%.
Contact Hypersensitivity Responses Following Ribavirin Treatment In Vivo Are Influenced by Type 1 Cytokine Polarization, Regulation of IL-10 Expression, and Costimulatory Signaling (1999)

We previously described the promotion of type 1 cytokine responses by the nucleoside analogue, ribavirin, in human T cells in vitro. In this study, we examined whether type 1 cytokine polarization by ribavirin in vivo could promote contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses to dinitrofluorobenzene, a type 1 cytokine-mediated immune response. Unexpectedly, although type 1 cytokine responses were enhanced following ribavirin treatment in vitro and in vivo, the magnitude of CHS responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice was influenced more by a second ribavirin-regulated pathway. The key regulatory molecule in this pathway was IL-10. Ribavirin-mediated suppression of IL-10 in BALB/c mice was associated with increased B7-2 expression and enhanced CHS responses, whereas enhanced IL-10 levels, following ribavirin administration, led to increased B7-1 expression and impaired CHS responses in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of ribavirin on the expression of B7 molecules and on CHS responses was neutralized by IL-10 administration in BALB/c and by anti-IL-10 Ab in C57BL/6. Thus, ribavirin controlled CHS responses directly through the modulation of IL-10 expression, and in vivo outcome was dictated by the preferential expression of either B7-1, an inappropriate costimulatory molecule in CHS, or B7-2, the predominant costimulatory molecule in CHS. Replacing dinitrofluorobenzene priming with IFN-alpha stimulation, we showed that the ribavirin-regulated pathway could function independent of Ag priming. Altogether, these data showed that, although ribavirin treatment induced a type 1 cytokine bias in contact allergen-primed BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, in vivo CHS responses were dependent on ribavirin-mediated regulation of both IL-10 and preferential costimulatory signaling.
Histology Slide (2003)

A 45 year old Black female without significant past medical history was admitted with insidious cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and progressive weight loss. She suddenly went into respiratory distress and succumbed to death. Autopsy subsequently showed widespread granulomatous disease. This slide of one of the lung lesions shows a noncaseating granulocyte with a fibrotic center surrounded by palisading histiocytes, consistent with a diagnosis of nodular sarcoma.
A Novel, Ultrasensitive Assay for Tau: Potential for Assessing Traumatic Brain Injury in Tissues and Biofluids (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a cause of death and disability and can lead to tauopathy-related dementia at an early age. Pathologically, TBI results in axonal injury that is coupled to tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to microtubule instability and tau-mediated neurodegeneration. This suggests that the forms of this protein might serve as neuroinjury-related biomarkers for diagnosis of injury severity and prognosis of the neurological damage prior to clinical expression. We initially determined whether we could detect tau in body fluids using a highly sensitive assay. We used a novel immunoassay, enhanced immunoassay using multi-arrayed fiberoptics (EIMAF) either alone or in combination with rolling circle amplification (a-EIMAF) for the detection of total (T) and phosphorylated (P) tau proteins from brains and biofluids (blood, CSF) of rodents following controlled cortical impact (CCI) and human patients post severe TBI (sTBI). This assay technology for tau is the most sensitive to date with a detection limit of approximately 100 ag/mL for either T-tau and P-tau. In the rodent models, T-tau and P-tau levels in brain and blood increased following CCI during the acute phase and remained high during the chronic phase (30 d). In human CSF samples, T-tau and P-tau increased during the sampling period (5-6 d). T-tau and P-tau in human serum rose during the acute phase and decreased during the chronic stage but was still detectable beyond six months post sTBI. Thus, EIMAF has the potential for assessing both the severity of the proximal injury and the prognosis using easily accessible samples.
Impact of Change in Iron Status Over Time on Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure According to Ejection Fraction Phenotype (2021)

Iron deficiency is equally prevalent in HFpEF and HFrEF but is negatively prognostic only in HFrEF. The natural history of ID is important; persistent ID is strongly associated with mortality whereas resolution is not. ID<sub>Tsat</sub> is the superior definition of ID and should inform future trials investigating the efficacy of intravenous iron replacement in patients with HFrEF.
Role of Racemization Kinetics in the Deracemization Process via Temperature Cycles (2019)

A suspension of crystals of both enantiomers of a conglomerate forming chiral compound can be deracemized by applying temperature cycles in the presence of a racemizing catalyst that enables in solution the conversion of the undesired enantiomer into the desired one. We aim at showing through experiments that, seemingly paradoxically, accelerating the racemization reaction by increasing the catalyst concentration speeds up the deracemization process if all the other parameters are left unchanged. We prove this by deracemizing, via temperature cycles, crystals of N-(2-methyl-benzylidene)-phenylglycine amide (NMPA) suspended in either pure acetonitrile (ACN) or a mixture of isopropanol/ACN (95:5 w/w) in the presence of different concentrations of the base catalyst 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The applied periodic temperature cycles follow a rather standard protocol. Prior to that, we have fully characterized the racemization reaction rate, as a function of enantiomers’ concentration, catalyst concentration, and temperature, thus proving that the reaction is second order in NMPA and DBU, and estimating the Arrhenius parameters for the two solvent systems.
Unified Hypersphere Embedding for Speaker Recognition (2018)

Incremental improvements in accuracy of Convolutional Neural Networks are usually achieved through use of deeper and more complex models trained on larger datasets. However, enlarging dataset and models increases the computation and storage costs and cannot be done indefinitely. In this work, we seek to improve the identification and verification accuracy of a text-independent speaker recognition system without use of extra data or deeper and more complex models by augmenting the training and testing data, finding the optimal dimensionality of embedding space and use of more discriminative loss functions. Results of experiments on VoxCeleb dataset suggest that: (i) Simple repetition and random time-reversion of utterances can reduce prediction errors by up to 18%. (ii) Lower dimensional embeddings are more suitable for verification. (iii) Use of proposed logistic margin loss function leads to unified embeddings with state-of-the-art identification and competitive verification accuracies.
A 3-gene expression score as prognostic factor in triple negative and basal breast tumors with residual disease. (2015)

1097 Background: Residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents poor prognosis. Identification of genes involved in prognosis could lead to a better stratification of patients and better design of therapeutic strategies. Our aim was to identify gene signatures related to the recurrence free survival (RFS) in this subset of patients. Methods: We quantified expression for 450 genes by Nanostring in 82 triple negative residual tumors after NAC (discovery group). Levels of gene expression were normalized to spike controls then log2 transformed and median centered. The validation group consisted in 117 basal breast tumors with residual disease (from the public dataset GSE25066) profiled with the U133A microarray. Samples in this dataset were evaluated before NAC. Results: An univariate Cox regression identify 7 genes significantly related with the RFS (CCL5, CYBB, DDIT4, GTPBP4, KRT6B, PALMD and POLR1C). A stepwise multivariate analysis selected to CCL5, DDIT4 and POLR1C as independent factors for RFS. Using the regression coefficient for each gene we constructed a score (-0.393*CCL5 + 0.443*DDIT4 + 0.490*POLR1C). The median of score was 0.1494. The CoxPH show an HR = 2.72 per unit of change (P < 0.001; CI95%: 1.72-4.28). The median score in the validation set was -0.036 and the score was significant related with the RFS with an HR = 15.86 per unit of change (P < 0.045; CI95%: 1.06-237.11). Using the logrank test and the median scores as cutoff (for each group), it was possible identifies two subgroups with different RFS (P < 0.001 in the discovery group and P < 0.003 in the validation group). Conclusions: We could identify a prognostic score based in CCL5, DDIT4 and POLR1C expression related with the recurrence free survival. A deep evaluation of the molecular mechanisms of these genes in resistance to chemotherapy should be done.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of N‐Magnesium Derivatives of Pyrroles with N‐Mesylchloromethylpyrroles: A Synthesis of Dipyrrylmethanes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Skeletal Muscle GLUT1 Transporter Protein Expression and Basal Leg Glucose Uptake Are Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

To investigate the role of skeletal muscle tissue expression of the glucose transporter protein GLUT1 in mediating glucose disposal in the basal (fasting) state, skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained from lean and obese nondiabetics and type 2 diabetic subjects. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes were measured. Basal whole body glucose uptake was measured using isotope dilution, and arteriovenous catheterization limb balance was used to determine leg muscle glucose uptake. Basal (noninsulin-stimulated) whole body glucose uptake was higher in the type 2 group compared with the controls (2.26 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.15 mg/kg.min; P < 0.05). However, basal leg muscle glucose uptake was reduced in diabetic subjects (1.53 +/- 0.56 vs. 3.89 +/- 0.83 mg/100 ml.min; P < 0.025) despite basal hyperglycemia (230 +/- 13 vs. 94 +/- 2 mg/dl; P < 0.0005). Skeletal muscle GLUT1 protein expression was lower in the type 2 subjects (57 +/- 12 vs. 91 +/- 11 arbitrary units/10 microg protein; P < 0.05), although GLUT1 mRNA levels did not differ. In summary, 1) skeletal muscle tissue GLUT1 protein expression is reduced in type 2 diabetes and could contribute to impaired basal leg glucose uptake; and 2) elevated rates of basal whole body glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes are due to uptake in tissues other than skeletal muscle.
Mineral Forming and Its Composition Model for Iron Ore Sinter (1987)

The minerals and their composition of iron ore fluxed sinter are important factors on sinter qualities as the constituent of the matrix. The present work was carried out to predict the produced sinter mineral composition (hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite and slag) prior to sintering with the use of material imformation. On the composition of sinter minerals, hematite and magnetite are determined with the iron oxide form and coke content in mix, and calcium ferrite and slag are influenced by SiO2 and Al2O3 in mix. The model prediction was in relatively good agreement with the observed values by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis.
Carbon monoxide poisoning during ice storms: A tale of two cities (1997)

This is a retrospective case series conducted at two university hospital emergency departments of 68 patients with a discharge diagnosis of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning presenting during two different ice storms (March 1991 and February 1994) in two cities (Rochester, NY, and Nashville, TN). Fifty-five patients were seen over 10 d in Rochester and 13 patients over 4 d in Nashville. The main sources of CO exposure were the indoor use of gasoline generators (40 patients), propane or kerosene heaters (9 patients), and charcoal grills (8 patients). Six patients did not speak English fluently (5 Asian patients in Nashville and 1 Greek patient in Rochester). The use of charcoal grills was the most common CO source in Nashville, occurring exclusively in patients of Asian descent, 5 of whom did not speak English. In Rochester, the use of gas generators was the most common CO source. Ice storms represent a significant threat to populations affected by prolonged power outages. Different cities will be affected in different ways. When ice storms occur, the media should distribute information about potential sources of CO exposure. In some cases, the message may need to be distributed by alternative methods to populations who do not speak English or do not have access to mainstream media.
Exporting Type Information for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Information Elements (2009)

This document describes an extension to the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) protocol, which is used to represent and transmit data from IP flow measurement devices for collection, storage, and analysis, to allow the encoding of IPFIX Information Model properties within an IPFIX Message stream.This enables the export of extended type information for enterprise-specific Information Elements and the storage of such information within IPFIX Files, facilitating interoperability and reusability among a wide variety of applications and tools.
P3‐030: Consensus diagnosis: Assessing the impact (2008)

Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of clinical care and research. For diseases lacking a definitive biomarker, expert opinion is the gold standard. Diagnostic agreement among several experts--consensus diagnosis--increases accuracy and reliability. Objective: We assessed the value of a rigorously applied consensus diagnosis process. Patients presenting to the Minneapolis VAMC GRECC Memory Loss Clinic are assigned a diagnosis on three occasions: DX1_physician's diagnosis at the clinic visit (initial impression); DX2_physician's diagnosis after considering information gathered subsequent to the clinic visit (preconsensus diagnosis); and DX3_consensus diagnosis following formal presentation and discussion with voting team members (neurologist, geropsychiatrist, internist, and neuropsychologist). Diagnosis is in two stages: (1) Dementia vs. cognitive impairment (CI)/not demented vs. no CI; (2) Primary and secondary etiologies of CI. Definitions for dementia, MCI, and specific etiologies were operationalized. Complete data were available on 305 unique patients. DX1:DX2 agreement was 86% (180/209) for dementia, 83% (70/84) for CI/not demented and 42% (5/12) for no CI. DX2:DX3 agreement was 96% (203/211) for dementia, 89% (75/84) for CI/ not demented, and 80% (8/10) for no CI=8/10. DX1:DX3 agreement was 84% (177/211) for dementia, 81% (68/84) for CI/ not demented and 60% (6/10) for no CI. Agreement with consensus probable AD was 78% (113/145) and 98% (142/145) for DX1 and DX2, respectively. Agreement with consensus possible AD was 30% (10/33) and 55% (18/33) for DX1 and DX2, respectively. Agreement with consensus probable MCI was 60% (21/35) and 83% (29/35) with DX1 and DX2, respectively. Agreement with consensus possible MCI was 0% (0/9) and 56% (5/9) with DX1 and DX2, respectively. The consensus diagnosis process produced significant changes in diagnoses even among experienced clinicians. Agreement between preconsensus and consensus diagnoses was high for probable AD (98%), but less so for probable MCI (83%), possible AD (55%) and possible MCI (56%). Agreement between the initial impression and consensus diagnoses was lower, including probable AD (78%), probable MCI (60%), possible AD (30%), and possible MCI (0%). This works highlights the importance of a rigorous process of consensus diagnosis for identifying patients for clinical research.