gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Learning Control of Hydraulic Excavators Based on Echo-State Networks (2016)

In some of recent advances in automation of construction equipment, much research has been conducted on the control of hydraulic excavators in both industry and academia for the benefit of safety and efficiency. However, most relevant works have employed model-based control approaches that require a mathematical representation of the target plant. For hydraulic excavators, obtaining a useful dynamic model for control can be challenging due to the nonlinearity of the hydraulic servo system. With this in mind, this paper investigates the feasibility of an online learning control framework based on echo-state networks (ESNs) to the position control of hydraulic excavators. While ESNs are a class of recurrent neural networks, the training of ESNs corresponds to solving a linear regression problem, thus making it suitable for online implementation. By exploiting the dynamic properties of ESNs, the deployed control framework uses the input and output signals of the plant to learn an inverse model, which is then used to simultaneously generate control inputs to track the desired trajectory. Experiments conducted on a 21-ton class hydraulic excavator show the promising results in that accurate tracking is achieved even in the absence of a dynamic model.
Copper stress response in yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN 5 isolated from sea ice, Antarctic (2018)

Heavy metal pollution in Antarctic is serious by anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric transport. To dissect the heavy metal adaptation mechanisms of sea-ice organisms, a basidiomycetous yeast strain AN5 was isolated and its cellular changes were analyzed. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization indicated that this yeast strain belonged to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5. Heavy metal resistance pattern of Cd > Pb = Mn > Cu > Cr > Hg was observed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) results exhibited altered cell surface morphology under the influence of copper metal compared to that with control. The determination of physiological and biochemical changes manifested that progressive copper treatment significantly increased antioxidative reagents content and enzymes activity in the red yeast, which quench the active oxygen species to maintain the intercellular balance of redox state and ensure the cellular fission and growth. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that, under 2 mM copper stress, 95 protein spots were tested reproducible changes of at least 10-fold in cells. Among 95 protein spots, 43 were elevated and 52 were decreased synthesis. After MALDI TOF MS/MS analysis, 51 differentially expressed proteins were identified successfully and classified into six functional groups, including carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleotide and protein metabolism, protein folding, antioxidant system, signaling, and unknown function proteins. Function analysis indicated that carbohydrate and energy metabolism-, nucleotide and protein metabolism-, and protein folding-related proteins played central role to the heavy metal resistance of Antarctic yeast. Generally, the results revealed that the yeast has a great capability to cope with heavy metal stress and activate the physiological and protein mechanisms, which allow more efficient recovery after copper stress. Our studies increase understanding of the molecular resistance mechanism of polar yeast to heavy metal, which will be benefitted for the sea-ice isolates to be a potential candidate for bioremediation of metal-contaminated environments.
Effect of Fabrication Process on Internal Friction and Elastic Modulus of SiC/SiC Composites † (2005)

Silicon carbide (SiC) based fiber reinforced SiC composites have been fabricated by various methods which are, for example, polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP), hot press (HP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) processes. It is also well known that there are many differences in the density, the elastic modulus and the strength of composites made by those methods. In this paper, the effect of fabrication process on the internal friction and elastic modulus of SiC/SiC composites was studied. From the temperature dependences of internal friction and elastic modulus of composites made by PIP, HP and CVI processes, a suitable method to make the high-damping SiC-based composite with a good elastic property is considered to be the CVI process. In the case of the composite produced by the CVI process at 1323 K, a stable peak of internal friction due to the grain boundary relaxation was obtained at about 1200 K. The temperature of this peak moved to the lower side after heat treatment at 1773 K. Also, it was found that the peak was not affected by the property of the SiC based fiber but by the microstructure of the matrix.
EBV-DNAEMIA AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2004)

P816 Aims: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) carries a significant morbidity and mortality in transplantation. The clinical significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of PTLD is clear, but not all EBV reactivations end-up with PTLD. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed EBV-DNAemia in liver transplant patients by quantitative EBV-PCR from plasma of the blood samples obtained for frequent monitoring of the betaherpesviruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6, HHV-7), during the first post transplant year. The purpose of the study was to investigate the appearance of EBV-DNAemia, the level of viral load and their possible predictive value for the development of PTLD after liver transplantation. Methods: Adult liver transplant patients (LTx) in 1999-2002 were frequently monitored for CMV, HHV-6 and HHV-7 during the first year after LTx. The basic immunosuppression consisted of triple drug therapy with combinations of steroids, azathioprine, cyclosporine or tacrolimus, and biopsy proven acute rejections were treated with high doses of steroids. No routine antiviral prophylaxis was given. CMV infections were diagnosed by the standard pp65-antigenemia assay and by quantitative plasma DNA-PCR. CMV infections were treated with i.v. ganciclovir. HHV-6 and HHV-7 were demonstrated in blood mononuclear cells by immunostaining. A real-time quantitative TaqMan-PCR was used to detect EBV-DNA in the plasma specimens available from 31 patients, obtained weekly during the patient’s hospital stay and thereafter at every visit up to one year after transplantation. Altogether 416 blood specimens were analyzed. Results: Nine patients (29%) demonstrated EBV-DNAemia during the first 12 months (mean 48 days, range 6-274 days for first positive finding) after LTx. In 7/9 cases EBV-DNAemia occurred concurrently with CMV infection; in 7/9 cases together with HHV-6 reactivation and in 3/9 with activation of all three betaherpesviruses. The peak viral loads of 8 patients were relatively low (mean 3469 EBV-DNA copies/ml plasma, range 1050-6600) and the EBV-DNAemia subsided within a few weeks, concomitant with the betaherpesviruses. However, one patient demonstrated a low-level EBV-DNAemia first on day 22 (652 copies/ml), and from day 49 to 70 (775-3022 copies/ml), and again suddenly 175 days after transplantation in a new episode with high copy numbers (16292 copies/ml) continuing for six months (peak viral load 86975 copies/ml). None of the betaherpesviruses were activated during that time. The patient developed PTLD 6 months after transplantation and died 6 months later in spite of treatment with anti-CD20 antibody. Conclusions: EBV reactivation with low viral load in plasma was relatively common and usually associated with CMV and/or other betahepesviruses in liver transplant patients. The low-level of EBV-DNAemia did not progress to PTLD. One patient demonstrated a high viral load before PTLD. The findings demonstrate that the monitoring of EBV viral load by quantitative PCR may help predict the development of PTLD after liver transplantation.
Three-Dimensional Single-Port Labyrinthine Acoustic Metamaterial: Perfect Absorption with Large Bandwidth and Tunability (2016)

Sound absorption is a significant issue in acoustics and relevant to many applications, but current approaches suffer from either bulky dimensions or narrow bandwidth. The authors create an acoustic metamaterial consisting of curled, hollow, dead-end channels, which can totally absorb sound in a band of low frequencies. The position and width of the band can be tuned by adjusting the lengths and number of channels in a unit cell, respectively.
6thAnnual European Antibody Congress 2010 (2011)

The 6th European Antibody Congress (EAC), organized by Terrapinn Ltd., was held in Geneva, Switzerland, which was also the location of the 4th and 5th EAC. As was the case in 2008 and 2009, the EAC was again the largest antibody congress held in Europe, drawing nearly 250 delegates in 2010. Numerous pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies active in the field of therapeutic antibody development were represented, as were start-up and academic organizations and representatives from the US Food and Drug Administration FDA. The global trends in antibody research and development were discussed, including success stories of recent marketing authorizations of golimumab (Simponi®) and canakinumab (Ilaris®) by Johnson & Johnson and Novartis, respectively, updates on antibodies in late clinical development (obinutuzumab/GA101, farletuzumab/MORAb-003 and itolizumab/T1 h, by Glycart/Roche, Morphotek and Biocon, respectively) and success rates for this fast-expanding class of therapeutics (Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development). Case studies covering clinical progress of girentuximab (Wilex), evaluation of panobacumab (Kenta Biotech), characterization of therapeutic antibody candidates by protein microarrays (Protagen), antibody-drug conjugates (sanofi-aventis, ImmunoGen, Seattle Genetics, Wyeth/Pfizer), radio-immunoconjugates (Bayer Schering Pharma, Université de Nantes) and new scaffolds (Ablynx, AdAlta, Domantis/GlaxoSmithKline, Fresenius, Molecular Partners, Pieris, Scil Proteins, Pfizer, University of Zurich) were presented. Major antibody structural improvements were showcased, including the latest selection engineering of the best isotypes (Abbott, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre), hinge domain (Pierre Fabre), dual antibodies (Abbott), IgG-like bispecific antibodies (Biogen Idec), antibody epitope mapping case studies (Eli Lilly), insights in FcγRII receptor (University of Cambridge), as well as novel tools for antibody fragmentation (Genovis). Improvements of antibody druggability (Abbott, Bayer, Pierre Fabre, Merrimack, Pfizer), enhancing IgG pharmacokinetics (Abbott, Chugai), progress in manufacturing (Genmab, Icosagen Cell Factory, Lonza, Pierre Fabre) and the development of biosimilar antibodies (Biocon, Sandoz, Triskel) were also discussed. Last but not least, identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against new therapeutic targets (Genentech, Genmab, Imclone/Lilly, Vaccinex) including Notch, cMet, TGFbRII, SEMA4D, novel development in immunotherapy and prophylaxis against influenza (Crucell), anti-tumor activity of immunostimulatory antibodies (MedImmune/Astra Zeneca) and translations to clinical studies including immunogenicity issues (Amgen, Novartis, University of Debrecen) were presented.
A new type of insulation structure for class H motor (2002)

We propose a design scheme for a new type of insulation structure for a class H shielded motor based on a study of the insulation systems of class H asynchronous motors and DC machines. We describe the choice of main insulation materials, such as Kapton polyimide film, flat copper wires wrapped by common Kapton film-46 composite, and a newly developed corona-resistant (CR) Kapton polyimide film-46, polyimide film glass cloth-reinforced mica paper tape and impregnating varnish, as well as their properties and technical indexes. By estimating the data of the thermally accelerated aging for this new type of insulating structure, we obtain a temperature index (TI) of 187/spl deg/C, and a thermal lifetime of 27 years by extrapolating to 150/spl deg/C. Thus, this new insulation structure not only provides a design basis for class H asynchronous machines, shielded machines and DC motors, but also improves their temperature rise and is a thin, low-cost insulation.
An Instrument for the Measurement of Precipitation Rate by Near-Infrared Extinction (1983)

The design, construction and performance of a near-infrared atmospheric precipitation sensing device is described. An infrared light emitting diode was used to generate a sensing beam of 0.92 μm wavelength. The collimated sensing beam traversed an atmospheric path from the transmitter-receiver unit to a remotely positioned corner retroreflector. A phase sensitive detector was used for demodulation. A reference signal was obtained from the sensing beam using a beam splitter. Refractive optics were used for collimation and signal collection. In field tests, calibration curves for extinction versus the rate of rainfall and the rate of snowfall were obtained for path lengths of 100 and 50 m. Experimental results for the rainfall calibration curve produced smaller extinctions than predicted theoretically, with a maximum difference of 3 dB km−1 occurring at a rain rate of 80 mm h−1. Results for rainfall and snowfall experiments coincided with the findings of other authors to within approximately ±20%.
Feasibility of laser pumping with neutron fluxes from present-day large tokamaks (1987)

The minimum fusion-neutron flux needed to observe nuclear-pumped lasing with tokamaks can be reduced substantially by optimizing neutron scattering into the laser cell, located between adjacent toroidal-field coils. The laser lines most readily pumped are probably the 3He-Ne lines at 0.633 μm and in the infrared, where the 3He-Ne gas is excited by energetic ions produced in the 3He(n,p)T reaction. These lines are expected to lase at the levels of D-T neutron flux foreseen for the TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) in 1990 (≫1012 n/cm2/s), while amplification should be observable at the existing levels of D-D neutron flux (∼1010 n/cm2/s). Lasing on the 1.73 and 2.63 μm transitions of Xe may be feasible at the maximum expected levels of D-T neutron flux in TFTR enhanced by scattering.
Integrated Vivaldi plasmonic antenna for wireless on-chip optical communications (2017)

In this paper we propose a novel hybrid optical plasmonic Vivaldi antenna for operation in the standard C telecommunication band for wavelengths in the 1550 nm range. The antenna is fed by a silicon waveguide and is designed to have high gain and large bandwidth. The shape of the radiation pattern, with a main lobe along the antenna axis, makes this antenna suitable for point-to-point connections for inter- or intra-chip optical communications. Direct port-to-port short links for different connection distances and in a homogeneous environment have also been simulated to verify, by comparing the results of a full-wave simulation with the Friis transmission equation, the correctness of the antenna parameters obtained via near-to-far field transformation.
Changes in the metabolome of associated with evolution in aerobic glucose-limited chemostats (2004)

The effect of culture age on intra- and extracellular metabolite levels as well as on in vitro determined specific activities of enzymes of central carbon metabolism was investigated during evolution for over 90 generations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-7D in an aerobic glucose/ethanol-limited chemostat at a specific dilution rate of 0.052 h(-1). It was found that the fluxes of consumed (O2, glucose/ethanol) and secreted compounds (CO2) did not change significantly during the entire cultivation period. However, morphological changes were observed, leading to an increased cellular surface area. During 90 generations of chemostat growth not only the residual glucose concentration decreased, also the intracellular concentrations of trehalose, glycolytic intermediates, TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids were found to have decreased with a factor 5-10. The only exception was glyoxylate which showed a fivefold increase in concentration. In addition to this the specific activities of most glycolytic enzymes also decreased by a factor 5-10 during long-term cultivation. Exceptions to this were hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of which the activities remained unchanged. Furthermore, the concentrations of the adenylate nucleotides as well as the energy charge of the cells did not change in a significant manner. Surprisingly, the specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL) increased significantly during 90 generations of chemostat cultivation. These changes seem to indicate a pattern where metabolic overcapacities (for reversible reactions) and storage pools (trehalose, high levels of amino acids and excess protein in enzymes) are lost during the evolution period. The driving force is proposed to be a growth advantage in the absence of these metabolic overcapacities.
Understanding solid-state processing of pharmaceutical cocrystals via milling: Role of tablet excipients (2021)

Discovery of novel cocrystal systems and improvement of their physicochemical properties dominates the current literature on cocrystals yet the required end-product formulation is rarely addressed. Drug product manufacturing includes complex API solid state processing steps such as milling, granulation, and tableting. These all require high mechanical stress which can lead to solid-state phase transformations into polymorphs and solvates, or lead to dissociation of cocrystals into their individual components. Here we measured the effect of tablet excipients on solid-state processing of a range of pharmaceutical cocrystal formulations. Our findings were rationalised using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of intermolecular binding energies of cocrystal constituents and co-milling excipients. A 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of API Theophylline (THP) and co-former 4-Aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) was co-milled with five different excipients: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), lactose, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The experiments were carried out in 10 and 25 ml milling jars at 30 Hz for different milling times. Co-milled samples were characterised for formation of cocrystals and phase transformation using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Our data shows that co-milling in the presence of PEG, HMPC or lactose yields purer cocrystals, supported by the calculated stronger excipient interactions for PVP and MCC. We identify a suitably-prepared THP-4ABA pharmaceutical cocrystal formulation that is stable under extended milling conditions.
Sim-to-Real: Learning Agile Locomotion For Quadruped Robots (2018)

Designing agile locomotion for quadruped robots often requires extensive expertise and tedious manual tuning. In this paper, we present a system to automate this process by leveraging deep reinforcement learning techniques. Our system can learn quadruped locomotion from scratch using simple reward signals. In addition, users can provide an open loop reference to guide the learning process when more control over the learned gait is needed. The control policies are learned in a physics simulator and then deployed on real robots. In robotics, policies trained in simulation often do not transfer to the real world. We narrow this reality gap by improving the physics simulator and learning robust policies. We improve the simulation using system identification, developing an accurate actuator model and simulating latency. We learn robust controllers by randomizing the physical environments, adding perturbations and designing a compact observation space. We evaluate our system on two agile locomotion gaits: trotting and galloping. After learning in simulation, a quadruped robot can successfully perform both gaits in the real world.
Engraftment of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in SCID mice: in vivo and in vitro studies. (1996)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease of the elderly which can present in one of three stages; benign, intermediate or advanced. The molecular events governing the progression of CLL are poorly understood. In order to develop model systems for predicting the aggressiveness of leukemic clones in CLL, in vivo transplantation of SCID mice with CLL cells, and the in vitro growth of CLL cells on mouse and human stromal layers, were investigated. Bone marrow or peripheral blood cells from 40 patients at different stages of CLL were transplanted into 172 immune-deficient SCID mice. Thirty-five percent of SCID mice injected with CLL cells were positive for the presence of human DNA by Southern blot or PCR analysis. The most frequently involved sites were the spleen, lung, kidney and bone marrow, at levels corresponding from 0.1 to 10 percent human DNA. Thrice-weekly intraperitoneal injections of IL-2, alone or in combination with IL-7, did not increase the level of human cell engraftment. SCID mice developed endogenous thymic lymphomas at an incidence of 10-33 percent, a rate that was not increased by CLL cell transplantation. In vitro, CLL cells were able to proliferate for 9 weeks on human stromal layers supplemented with CM (conditioned media from a culture of the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637), but failed to thrive on the murine stromal cell line MTE cultured either in CM or autologous serum. FACS analysis revealed that 81 percent of proliferating cells on human stromal layers carried the CD5 cell surface marker, identifying them as CLL cells. Previously EBV-negative CLL cells became EBV-positive after 9 to 12 weeks in culture. The results of this study provide a firm foundation for the development of in vivo and in vitro model systems for the study of human CLL.