gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of estrogen-regulated genes in mouse uterus using cDNA microarray and laser capture microdissection (2004)

The steroid hormone, estrogen, plays an important role in various physiological events which are mediated via its nuclear estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta. However, the molecular mechanisms that are regulated by estrogen in the uterus remain largely unknown. To identify genes that are regulated by estrogen, the ovariectomized mouse uterus was exposed to 17beta-estradiol (E2) for 6 h and 12 h, and the data were analyzed by cDNA microarray. The present study confirms previous findings and identifies several genes with expressions not previously known to be influenced by estrogen. These genes include small proline-rich protein 2A, receptor-activity-modifying protein 3, inhibitor of DNA binding-1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, cystatin B, decorin, secreted frizzled-related protein 2, integral membrane protein 2B and chemokine ligand 12. The expression patterns of several selected genes identified by the microarray analysis were confirmed by RT-PCR. In addition, laser capture microdissection (LCM) was conducted to determine the expression of selected genes in specific uterine cell types. Analysis of early and late responsive genes using LCM and cDNA microarray not only suggests direct and indirect effects of E2 on uterine physiological events, but also demonstrates differential regulation of E2 in specific uterine cell types. These results provide a basic background on global gene alterations or genetic pathways in the uterus during the estrous cycle and the implantation period.
PROPAGATION DELAY IN HIGH SPEED SILICON BIPOLAR AND GaAs HBT DIGITAL CIRCUITS (1990)

The needs for multi-gigabits/second digital electronics in advanced lightwave systems have motivated R &amp; D for the next generation of high speed bipolar technology. The speed of the digital circuit may be estimated from the propagation delay of the logic gate. We discuss physics of the delay and show that it is fundamentally limited by the time needed for turning on (off) a transistor and by the time for charging (discharging) of capacitances in the circuit. We present a large-signal theory based on a charge-control model for the calculation of these limits. The results obtained for emitter coupled logic and current mode logic are used to analyze current technologies of silicon bipolar and GaAs HBTs.
Centralizer Selection and Placement Optimization (2012)

Abstract Casing centralization is one of the key elements to ensure the quality of a cementing job by preventing mud channeling and poor zonal isolation. Centralizers can also assist in running of the casing and prevention of differential sticking. The challenge that both operators and service companies face is to place the right amount of centralizers at the optimum positions on the casing. While operators may be conservative, service companies tend to be liberal, in selecting the number of centralizers for a given application. Casing standoff depends on well path and hole size, casing size, centralizer properties, and many other variables, but most importantly, centralizer placement. Experience plus computer modeling enable both centralizer vendors and operators to conduct centralizer optimization prior to field execution. One approach is to specify spacing using our experience, then let software check if it yields satisfactory standoff profile. Alternatively, we can specify required standoff and let the software tell us how to space centralizers. "Specify spacing" mode gives the simple-to-install centralizer placement because of its constant spacing result. However, this method may compromise the quality of standoff or quantity of centralizers. "Specify standoff" mode ensures the minimum standoff of casing between centralizers, while yielding difficult-to-follow placement program. To get the best elements from both approaches, we have developed an optimum placement solution, which is specifying standoff with incremental spacing requirement. For high impact operations such as deepwater and use on inline bowspring centralizers, once a casing schematic is available, the centralizer placement is re-evaluated to optimize exact placement of each centralizer. With the help of computer modeling, centralizer placement can be evaluated and optimized. This practice will result in better cementing job and cost-effective centralizer placement for directional wells. This paper will report examples of how such optimization can be achieved.
Optical constants of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films in the infrared region and at a wavelength of 633 nm (2000)

The optical constants of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films in the infrared region and at a wavelength of 633 nm were investigated. The ta-C films were prepared by the filtered arc deposition technique under different carbon ion energies of 22–320 eV. The ta-C films contained high sp3 bonding of 82%–93% and had very smooth surfaces. The optical band gap was found to be controlled essentially by the presence and arrangement of the sp2 sites in the ta-C films. The real and imaginary parts, ε1 and ε2, of the dielectric constant, refractive index, n, and extinction coefficient, k, of ta-C films were determined from measurements of infrared reflection and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicated that in our region of investigation ta-C films exhibited a fine transparency at a wavelength of 633 nm, especially in the infrared region. Both n and k, and consequently, ε1 and ε2, showed considerable variation in ion energy, and had minimum values approaching those of diamond for film prepared at an ion energy around 220 eV. The dependence of the optical constants on the sp3 content of ta-C films indicated that with increased sp3 content, ta-C film possessed a dielectric constant, refractive index and extinction coefficient much closer to that of diamond.
Thailandenes, Cryptic Polyene Natural Products Isolated from Burkholderia thailandensis Using Phenotype-Guided Transposon Mutagenesis (2019)

<i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i> has emerged as a model organism for investigating the production and regulation of diverse secondary metabolites. Most of the biosynthetic gene clusters encoded in <i>B. thailandensis</i> are silent, motivating the development of new methods for accessing their products. In the current work, we add to the canon of available approaches using phenotype-guided transposon mutagenesis to characterize a silent biosynthetic gene cluster. Because secondary metabolite biosynthesis is often associated with phenotypic changes, we carried out random transposon mutagenesis followed by phenotypic inspection of the resulting colonies. Several mutants exhibited intense pigmentation and enhanced expression of an iterative type I polyketide synthase cluster that we term <i>org</i>. Disruptions of <i>orgA</i>, <i>orgB</i>, and <i>orgC</i> abolished the biosynthesis of the diffusible pigment, thus linking it to the <i>org</i> operon. Isolation and structural elucidation by HR-MS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy revealed three novel, cryptic metabolites, thailandene A-C. Thailandenes are linear formylated or acidic polyenes containing a combination of <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> double bonds. Variants A and B exhibited potent antibiotic activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> but not against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. One of the transposon mutants that exhibited an enhanced expression of <i>org</i> contained an insertion upstream of a σ54-dependent transcription factor. Closer inspection of the <i>org</i> operon uncovered a σ54 promoter consensus sequence upstream of <i>orgA</i>, providing clues regarding its regulation. Our results showcase the utility of phenotype-guided transposon mutagenesis in uncovering cryptic metabolites encoded in bacterial genomes.
Growth pattern of the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60 (1982)

In order to characterize the growth pattern of the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60, its kinetic parameters were studied. The doubling time was calculated from serial cell counts, the duration of the various cell cycle phases from the analysis of the labelled mitoses curve, and quiescent population from continuous labelling experiments. Proliferation in culture was exponential up to a saturation density of about 3.0 x 10(6) cells/ml, with a doubling time of 34.0 hr. The cell cycle duration was 24.3 +/- 4.1 hr (SD), and that of the cell cycle phases was: G1, 3.8 +/- 2.2 hr; S, 15.1 +/- 3 hr; and G2, 4 +/0 1.2 hr. The growth fraction was 0.85, and cell loss was restricted to the quiescent cells. The HL60 cell line, with fully characterized kinetics, provides a useful tool for the vitro study of substances which may affect human leukaemic myelopoietic proliferation.
Supplementary Table 3 from A Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability Signature in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from A Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability Signature in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Segmentation of goods catalog video based on video caption (2001)

Purpose of this study is to automatically segment goods catalog videos into individual goods section and to make it feasible to retrieve them when inquired. In this paper, we propose utilization of video captions superimposed on the video image to identify the goods names and perform the video segmentation. The video OCR software we propose in this paper is composed is video caption frame extraction, character region extraction, character binarization, character recognition and goods name identification. The individual goods section is segmented when a new name of commercial goods is recognized. Our software focuses on the binarization method that employs a floating adaptive three level threshold method.
Requirements for appropriate evaluation of diagnostic tests in suspected pulmonary embolism. (1999)

In contrast to the development of new drugs, strict guidelines for the development of new diagnostic methods do not exist. A diagnostic test can be made available without proper evaluation of its clinical utility, which can lead to its premature introduction and inappropriate use. In this review suggestions are made regarding the criteria that should be met during the various phases of development of new diagnostic techniques. It is suggested that a new diagnostic test should only be implemented in routine clinical use after all phases of development have been properly performed with good results. Several diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism (pulmonary angiography, ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, D-dimer assays, and spiral computed tomography), and the studies evaluating them, are thereafter reviewed. It is concluded that present pulmonary angiography and ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy are the only properly evaluated diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism. Although new developments, such as D-dimer assays and the spiral computed tomographic scan are certainly promising, further studies are needed to determine their real value and safety in the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of pulmonary embolism.
Radioactive antigen suicide of an anti‐DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenyl) clone. II. Follow‐up of clones relatively resistant to radioactive antigen suicide when initially selected (1975)

After suicide of the anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) clone E21 in a previous experiment (Eur. J. Immunol. 1975. 5:58) several new clones (S clones) appeared promptly in the recipients. There was compelling evidence that they were then resistant to suicide, relative to E21. We now report further studies on these S clones and their antibodies. The antibodies of half of the S clones had affinities ten to one hundred times higher than E21 (3 x 10(-7) M); none was lower. The four tested were also able to bind DNP on the particular conjugate used for the suicide procedure. Three of the S clones were serially propagated, they showed a very great capacity for proliferation, transferring into 510, 85 and 110 recipients each. When their cells were tested at subsequent passages, they recovered early after inhibition by radioactive antigen. Two S clones may still have been somewhat refractory to suicide but, probably in all three, rapid proliferation was largely responsible for the recovery of the few cells escaping suicide, and helped them to appear suicide resistant.
Multivariate Statistical Model for Predicting Occurrence and Location of Broken Rails (2003)

Broken rails are the leading cause of major accidents on U.S. railroads and frequently cause delays. A multivariate statistical model was developed to improve the prediction of broken-rail incidences (i.e., service failures). Improving the prediction of conditions that cause broken rails can assist railroads in allocating inspection, detection, and preventive resources more efficiently, to enhance safety, reduce the risk of hazardous materials transportation, improve service quality, and maximize rail assets. The service failure prediction model (SFPM) uses a combination of engineering and traffic data commonly recorded by major railroads. A Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway database was developed in which the locations of approximately 1,800 service failures over 2 years were recorded. The data on each location were supplemented with information on other engineering and traffic volume parameters. A complementary database with the same parameters was developed for a randomly selected set of locations at which service failures had not occurred. The combined databases were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods to identify the variables and their combinations most strongly correlated with service failures. SFPM accuracy in predicting service failures at specific locations exceeded 85%. Although further validation is necessary, SFPM is promising in the quantitative prediction of broken rails, thereby improving a railroad’s ability to manage its assets and risks.
Robust adaptive controller with zero residual tracking errors (1986)

The adaptive control of a plant whose dominant part has transfer function with relative degree <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n^{\ast} = 1</tex> has been considered in the presence of parasitics and disturbances. A new adaptive law is proposed which guarantees the existence of a large region of attraction from which all signals are bounded and the tracking error converges to a small residual set. In contrast to the adaptive law used in [1], [2] the new adaptive law guarantees a smaller residual set for the tracking error, which reduces to zero when the parasitics and disturbances disappear.
A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (2005)

Full recovery from untreated CFS is rare. The prognosis for an improvement in symptoms is less gloomy. This review looks at the course of CF/CFS without systematic intervention. However, there is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural and graded exercise therapies. Medical retirement should be postponed until a trial of such treatment has been given.
Bistatic scattering from three-dimensional layered rough surfaces (2006)

An analytical method to calculate the bistatic-scattering coefficients of a three-dimensional layered dielectric structure with slightly rough interfaces is presented. The interfaces are allowed to be statistically distinct, but possibly dependent. The waves in each region are represented as a superposition of an infinite number of up- and down-going spectral components whose amplitudes are found by simultaneously matching the boundary conditions at both interfaces. A small-perturbation formulation is used up to the first order, and the scattered fields are derived. The calculation intrinsically takes into account multiple scattering processes between the boundaries. The formulation is then validated against known solutions to special cases. New results are generated for several cases of two- and three-layer media, which will be directly applicable for modeling of the signals from radar systems and subsequent estimation of a layered medium subsurface properties, such as moisture content and layer depths
Projective dictionary pair learning for pattern classification (2014)

Discriminative dictionary learning (DL) has been widely studied in various pattern classification problems. Most of the existing DL methods aim to learn a synthesis dictionary to represent the input signal while enforcing the representation coef-ficients and/or representation residual to be discriminative. However, the `0 or `1-norm sparsity constraint on the representation coefficients adopted in most DL methods makes the training and testing phases time consuming. We propose a new discriminative DL framework, namely projective dictionary pair learning (DPL), which learns a synthesis dictionary and an analysis dictionary jointly to achieve the goal of signal representation and discrimination. Compared with convention-al DL methods, the proposed DPL method can not only greatly reduce the time complexity in the training and testing phases, but also lead to very competitive accuracies in a variety of visual classification tasks. 1
Granulation: A Review on Pharmaceutical Wet-Granulation (1987)

Recent developments in pharmaceutical wet granulation techniques are reviewed with the main emphasis on granulation in fluidized beds and high shear mixers. The following items are dealt with: Fundamentals of granule growth, granulation methods and equipments, granulation variables, scaling-up and end-point control.
FIR filter implementation by efficient sharing of horizontal and vertical common subexpressions (2003)

The vertical common subexpression elimination (CSE) method proposed by Jang et al. does not guarantee hardware reduction over the conventional horizontal CSE method in practical linear phase finite impulse response (LPFIR) filter implementations. A method to implement FIR filters with a minimum number of adders by efficiently combining horizontal and vertical common subexpressions is proposed.
RuO2 Nanowires and RuO2/TiO2 Core/Shell Nanowires: From Synthesis to Mechanical, Optical, Electrical, and Photoconductive Properties (2006)

RuO2 nanowires and RuO2/TiO2 core/shell nanowires are synthesized by reactive sputtering. The core/shell nanowires are obtained by coating RuO2 nanowires with TiO2. The mechanical, optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of the nanowires are characterized, and indicate several potential applications of the nanowires.
Graph mining (2006)

How does the Web look? How could we tell an abnormal social network from a normal one? These and similar questions are important in many fields where the data can intuitively be cast as a graph; examples range from computer networks to sociology to biology and many more. Indeed, any M : N relation in database terminology can be represented as a graph. A lot of these questions boil down to the following: “How can we generate synthetic but realistic graphs?” To answer this, we must first understand what patterns are common in real-world graphs and can thus be considered a mark of normality/realism. This survey give an overview of the incredible variety of work that has been done on these problems. One of our main contributions is the integration of points of view from physics, mathematics, sociology, and computer science. Further, we briefly describe recent advances on some related and interesting graph problems.
99% Efficient Three-Phase Buck-Type SiC MOSFET PFC Rectifier Minimizing Life Cycle Cost in DC Data Centers (2017)

Due to the increasing power consumption of data centers, efficient dc power distribution systems have become an important topic in research and industry over the last years and according standards have been adopted. Furthermore the power consumed by telecommunication equipment and data centers is an economic factor for the equipment operator, which implies that all parts of the distribution system should be designed to minimize the life cycle cost, i.e. the sum of first cost and the cost of the power conversion losses. This paper demonstrates how semiconductor technology, chip area, magnetic component volumes and switching frequency can be selected based on life cycle cost, using analytical and numerical optimizations. A three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier with integrated active filter for 380V dc distribution systems is used as an example system, which shows that a peak efficiency of 99% is technically and economically feasible with state-of-the-art SiC MOSFETs and nanocrystalline or ferrite cores. Measurements taken on an 8 kW, 4 kWdm-3 hardware prototype demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the design.
Mobile IP and cellular IP integration for inter access networks handoff (2002)

In this contribution two solutions for the management of cellular intranet, based on the mobile IP and cellular IP protocols integration are investigated. The first solution adopts a centralized architecture built over the gateway and the home agent. It is most suited for security needs and client/server traffic. The second solution utilizes the mobile IP with routing optimization for macro mobility management. It offers optimized routing, speeds-up the handoff procedures, supports real time traffic and is therefore oriented toward the quality of service.
LAMTOR/Ragulator is a negative regulator of Arl8b- and BORC-dependent late endosomal positioning (2017)

Signaling from lysosomes controls cellular clearance and energy metabolism. Lysosomal malfunction has been implicated in several pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, infection, immunodeficiency, and obesity. Interestingly, many functions are dependent on the organelle position. Lysosomal motility requires the integration of extracellular and intracellular signals that converge on a competition between motor proteins that ultimately control lysosomal movement on microtubules. Here, we identify a novel upstream control mechanism of Arl8b-dependent lysosomal movement toward the periphery of the cell. We show that the C-terminal domain of lyspersin, a subunit of BLOC-1-related complex (BORC), is essential and sufficient for BORC-dependent recruitment of Arl8b to lysosomes. In addition, we establish lyspersin as the linker between BORC and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and mitogen activated protein kinase and mechanistic target of rapamycin activator (LAMTOR) complexes and show that epidermal growth factor stimulation decreases LAMTOR/BORC association, thereby promoting BORC- and Arl8b-dependent lysosomal centrifugal transport.
CYCLENPHOSPHINE SELENIDE: THE STRONGEST N→P INTERACTION IN THE CHALCOGENIDE (O,S,Se) DERIVATIVES (1998)

Abstract The cyclenphosphine selenide is prepared by reaction of molecular selenium on cyclenphos-phorane. Its physicochemical properties are compared to those of oxygen and sulfur analogues.
A Facile Synthesis of Hexa- and Octaethylene Glycols (1987)

One-pot syntheses of hexa- and octaethylene glycol are achieved by the reaction of tri- or tetraethylene glycol with tosyl chloride in the presence of an appropriate base followed by a Williamson-type condensation reaction.