gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Studies in the Different Types of Normal and Leukemic Human White Cells (1961)

Abstract The development of microanalytical methods and the use of technics resulting in leukocyte preparations of satisfactory purity have allowed us to estimate several metabolic functions and to calculate their relative values in different classes of cells. These different categories were analyzed mathematically in the attempt to determine the total enzyme activity of different types of leukocytes. We have ascertained that the monocyte, derived directly from the reticuloendothelial system, has glycolytic and proteolytic activity, respiration, reducing power, and esterase activity markedly greater than that of the neutrophilic polynuclear. The lymphocyte shows, with exception of the reducing power, low active enzymatic functions in comparison to the neutrophil. The eosinophil, in two pathologic cases, resembles the neutrophil in glycolytic activity, but possesses very low proteolytic capacity and oxygen consumption. The enzymatic behavior of the leukemic cell shows that the proteolytic power of the myeloblast is diminished while glycolysis and, occasionally, esterase activity, are raised; in the lymphoblast, glycolysis is low, with a slight Pasteur effect. Synthesis of porphobilinogen is intense in the leukocytes, but formation of the porphyrin ring has been observed only in certain cases of leukemia. A greater number of cases must be examined in order to confirm these preliminary observations on the enzymatic behavior of leukocytes.
Changes in Consumers Behavior at Fitness Clubs among Chinese Urban Residents—Dalian as an Example (2009)

Consumer behavior at fitness clubs has always been a focus of research in the area of leisure and sports, but few attention has given to changes in consumer behavior in the domestic research cycle. since its appearance in 1990s in China, body building clubs have been playing more important roles in the sporting and exercising consumption of the urban residents. The behaviors of the exercisers are also changing with the social development. To precisely grasp the changes and trends of their behavior is very important whether for the management of the body building clubs or the organization of the national fitness movement. Using Dalian as an example, and through two market researches spanning 8 years, the paper carries out a comparative analysis of the changes in the consumers’ behavior at fitness clubs, and discusses the trends of consumers’ demands. The results could be beneficial for the clubs operation and organizing of sporting and exercising activities.
Increased permeability to sugar following muscle contraction. Inhibitors of protein synthesis prevent reversal of the increase in 3-methylglucose transport rate. (1982)

Contractile activity is followed by an increase in the permeability of muscle to sugar. The increase in sugar transport rate persists unchanged for hours before gradually returning to base-line (Holloszy, J. O., and Narahara, H. T. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 3493-3500). This prolonged delay suggested that the recovery process might involve protein synthesis. We have investigated this possibility. A large increase in permeability to [3-3H]methylglucose occurred in frog sartorius muscles stimulated to contract 60 times/min for 30 min. Cycloheximide or puromycin at concentrations that inhibited protein synthesis completely blocked reversal of the increase in permeability to 3-methylglucose. The recovery process was not irreversibly impaired, as permeability returned to base-line in muscles that were washed and incubated without protein synthesis inhibitors for a second 24-h period. Reversal of the increase in permeability to 3-methylglucose induced by a high concentration of epinephrine was also prevented by cycloheximide. In contrast, cycloheximide did not prevent reversal of the increases in sugar transport rate induced by either insulin or trypsin. These results provide evidence that exercise and catecholamines activate sugar transport by a process that requires protein synthesis for its reversal, while the increases in permeability induced by insulin and trypsin involve a different mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN ACCEPTOR‐DOPED TANTALUM OXIDE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (1982)

Abstract Die Messungen an polykristallinem Ta 2 O 5 mit Al‐ oder Cr‐Dotierung bei O 2 ‐Partialdrücken von 10 ‐18 bis 10 ‐10 at und Temp. von 1000 und 1050°C zeigen eine Abnahme der Leitfähigkeit mit steigender Akzeptorkonzentration, wobei Cr und Al nahezu gleiche Wirkungen zeigen.
Effects of FUT-175, a New Synthetic Protease Inhibitor on Endotoxin-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rats (1983)

The effects of FUT-175 (6-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidino benzoate-dimethanesulfonate), a new synthetic protease inhibitor, on endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were studied in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by a 4-hour sustained infusion of endotoxin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats were infused continuously with FUT-175 at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg into a femoral vein for 4 h. Simultaneously with the agent infusion, endotoxin (100 mg/kg/4 h) was administered into the contralateral femoral vein. A protective effect against DIC was noted in the rats treated with 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg of FUT-175 in the following parameters: fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and the number of renal glomeruli with fibrin thrombi. These results demonstrated that FUT-175 reduces the extent of changes of the coagulation parameters caused by DIC.
The effect of supercritical water on the hydroconversion of Tahe Residue (2010)

Abstract The effect of supercritical water (SCW) on the hydroconversion of Tahe residue has been investigated at different temperatures and hydrogen pressures. It was demonstrated that introduction of water into the reaction could reduce the amount of coke formed and increased the yield of liquid product. The isotopic tracer method was used to determine quantitatively the extent of hydrogen exchange between water and the liquid product. The results indicated that the degree of hydrogen exchange of the liquid product with water decreased slightly with increasing hydrogen pressure. About 40% of the water molecules involved in hydrogen exchange with the oil residue as the concentration of water in the reaction mixture was 10 wt %. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Adaptive Linearization of Power Amplifiers in Digital Radio Systems (1983)

High-frequency power amplifiers operate most efficiently at saturation, i.e., in the nonlinear range of their input/output characteristics. This phenomenon has traditionally dictated the use of constant envelope modulation methods for data transmission, resulting in circular signal constellations. This approach has inherently limited the admissible data rates in digital radio. In this paper we present a method for solving this problem without sacrificing amplifier power efficiency. We describe and analyze an adaptive linearizer that can automatically compensate for amplifier nonlinearity and thus make it possible to transmit multilevel quadrature amplitude modulated signals without incurring intolerable constellation distortions. The linearizer utilizes a real-time, data-directed, recursive algorithm for predistorting the signal constellation. Our analysis and computer simulations indicate that the algorithm is robust and converges rapidly from a blind start. Furthermore, the signal constellation and the average transmitted power can both be changed through software.
Vibrational Energy Distribution in the Dichloroethylene Photoelimination Chemical Lasers (1970)

The HCl laser emission caused by photolysis of the three dichloroethylenes has been examined in detail. All three emit in 3 → 2, 2 → 1, and 1 → 0 vibrational transitions, and 1,1-dichloroethylene also emits in the 4 → 3 transition. The highest-gain transition at 15°C is P3→2(5) for 1,1-dichloroethylene, P2→1(5) for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, and P2→1(6) for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (100 torr total pressure with 200 to 1 ratio of argon to dichloroethylene). Equal-gain temperature measurements give population ratios N3 / N2 = 0.87 ± 0.02 for the 1,1 isomer, N2 / N1 = 0.81 ± 0.02 for the cis-1,2 isomer, and N2 / N1 = 0.70 ± 0.02 for the trans-1,2 isomer. These ratios are all below unity, as was found in the chemically activated trifluoroethane HF elimination laser. Further, the data show that the HCl vibrational mode is decreasingly significant in the sequence 1,1 &amp;gt; cis-1,2 &amp;gt; trans-1,2. The results might be attributable, in part, to competition between α, α and α, β elimination. Even so, the differing HCl excitation may indicate, by microscopic reversibility, a stereospecific influence of HCl vibration in the reverse, addition reaction between HCl and chloroacetylene.
Response of Glufosinate-Resistant Rice (Oryza sativa) to Glufosinate Application Timings1 (2003)

At 14 d after treatment (DAT), glufosinate-resistant CPRS PB-13 rice was injured with early- and late-season glufosinate applications in 1998 and 1999. At 35 DAT, injury was less than 5%. Glufosinate delayed CPRS PB-13 heading by 7 to 15 d and reduced plant height at harvest but did not affect grain moisture and yield compared with the nontreated CPRS PB-13. But yield was reduced compared with conventional Cypress. At 14 DAT, glufosinate-resistant BNGL HC-11/62 rice was injured with early- and late-season applications. Treated BNGL HC-11/62 reached 50% heading 3 to 5 d later than did the nontreated. An application of glufosinate reduced plant height and increased grain moisture compared with the nontreated. Rice treated at the three- to five-leaf, preboot, and boot timings resulted in reduced yields compared with the nontreated BNGL HC-11/62.Nomenclature: Glufosinate; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘BNGL HC-11/62’, ‘Cypress’, ‘CPRS PB-13’.Additional index words: Application intervals, injury, tolerance.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; POST, postemergence.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Zirconocene η2‐Imine Complexes by Rearrangement of Cyclic Iminoacyl Complexes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of cancer stem cell-associated inflammation in creating pro-inflammatory tumorigenic microenvironments (2014)

We identify novel mechanisms whereby chemoresistance enables cancer stem cells to create pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironments. Chemoresistant cancer stem cells promote M2 macrophage differentiation through interferon-regulatory factor-5 (IRF5)- and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent mechanisms and produce various other cell-signaling factors that together fuel inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. These findings clarify a molecular pathway linking cancer "stemness" and pro-tumor inflammation in an immunosuppressive niche.
Enhanced unidirectional anisotropy of the Co90Fe10/CrMnPt system by the NiO capping layer (1997)

The effect of a capping layer on the exchange coupled Co90Fe10/CrMnPt system was investigated. The NiO capping layer is able to enhance the unidirectional anisotropy Ke of the Co90Fe10/CrMnPt system to ∼0.302–0.345 erg/cm2. This strong Ke is thought to be caused by large stress emancipation of the NiO film through thermal annealing, which assists spreading of the CrMnPt lattice distortion in a desirable direction. This lattice distortion, in turn, leads to the enhancement of the CrMnPt magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The NiO capped Co90Fe10/CrMnPt system exhibits the same high blocking temperature TB of ∼300 °C as the noncapped one, i.e., there is no TB reduction due to the amplification of the CrMnPt lattice distortion.
Cellular side of acquired immunity (T cells) (2013)

The adaptive T-cell response represents the most sophisticated component of the immune response. Foreign invaders are recognized first by cells of the innate immune system. This leads to a rapid and non-specific inflammatory response, followed by induction of the adaptive and specific immune response. Different adaptive responses can be promoted, depending on the predominant effector cells that are involved, which themselves depend on the microbial/antigen stimuli. As examples, Th1 cells contribute to cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens, Th2 cells protect against parasites, and Th17 cells act against extracellular bacteria and fungi that are not cleared by Th1 and Th2 cells. Among the new subsets, Th22 cells protect against disruption of epithelial layers secondary to invading pathogens. Finally these effector subsets are regulated by regulatory T cells. These T helper subsets counteract each other to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system, but this balance can be easily disrupted, leading to chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases. The challenge is to detect early changes in this balance, prior to its clinical expression. New molecular tools such as microarrays could be used to determine the predominant profile of the immune effector cells involved in a disease process. Such understanding should provide better therapeutic tools to counteract deregulated effector cells.
Sputtering by a sum of impulses: The effect of finite track width (1993)

A continuum mechanical model of the effect of the pressure pulse produced by a sudden deposition of energy inside a cylindrical track in a solid (e.g., by an energetic ion) is extended to cases with finite track width.
Non-enumerative generation of statistical path delays for ATPG (2012)

A Monte Carlo based approach capable of identifying the probability distributions that describe the delay of every sensitizable path in a path implicit manner is proposed. It is shown experimentally that the statistical information for all paths is generated as fast as the traditional Monte Carlo simulation that identifies the probability density function for the circuit delay.
In conversation with Lori Passmore (2023)

Lori Passmore is a Group Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC-LMB). She studied Biochemistry at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver (Canada), before moving to the UK in 1999 for a PhD at the Institute of Cancer Research. After completing her PhD, Lori moved to Cambridge, where she became a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the MRC-LMB. In 2009, Lori started her own group at the MRC-LMB and was subsequently awarded an ERC Starting Grant (2011), an ERC Consolidator Grant (2017) and a Wellcome Discovery Award (2023). She was also elected into the EMBO Young Investigator Programme (2015) and EMBO Membership (2018). Lori's research focusses on the determination of the structures of protein complexes that regulate gene expression, using primarily cryo-electron microscopy and in vitro assays. Her work has contributed significantly to our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular processes, giving insights into human physiology and disease. In this interview, Lori provides an overview of her research and discusses current challenges in the field, recalls the key events and collaborations that have helped shape her successful research career and offers advice to early career scientists.
Age‐specific reference ranges of serum anti‐müllerian hormone in healthy women and its application in diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: a population study (2020)

A set of age-specific reference ranges of AMH levels was established in Chinese women. Multiples of median AMH may be used to diagnose PCOS.
Harmonic Circuit Self-Assembly in cTAM Models (2018)

We explore algorithmic self-assembly models for nanomanufacturing of electronic circuits akin to models for DNA self-assembly. Growth is controlled by thresholding of the energy required for attachments of new components to a growing assembly. We introduce two new families of such systems in one dimension (1D) and 2D, the so-called harmonic self-assemblers that generalize the new circuit tile assembly model (cTAM), and answer fundamental questions about the size and energy distribution of the assembly sequences and their steady state. As an application, we fully resolve the 1D electric circuit ladders.
Discovering Highly Potent Molecules from an Initial Set of Inactives Using Iterative Screening (2018)

The versatility of similarity searching and quantitative structure-activity relationships to model the activity of compound sets within given bioactivity ranges (i.e., interpolation) is well established. However, their relative performance in the common scenario in early stage drug discovery where lots of inactive data but no active data points are available (i.e., extrapolation from the low-activity to the high-activity range) has not been thoroughly examined yet. To this aim, we have designed an iterative virtual screening strategy which was evaluated on 25 diverse bioactivity data sets from ChEMBL. We benchmark the efficiency of random forest (RF), multiple linear regression, ridge regression, similarity searching, and random selection of compounds to identify a highly active molecule in the test set among a large number of low-potency compounds. We use the number of iterations required to find this active molecule to evaluate the performance of each experimental setup. We show that linear and ridge regression often outperform RF and similarity searching, reducing the number of iterations to find an active compound by a factor of 2 or more. Even simple regression methods seem better able to extrapolate to high-bioactivity ranges than RF, which only provides output values in the range covered by the training set. In addition, examination of the scaffold diversity in the data sets used shows that in some cases similarity searching and RF require two times as many iterations as random selection depending on the chemical space covered in the initial training data. Lastly, we show using bioactivity data for COX-1 and COX-2 that our framework can be extended to multitarget drug discovery, where compounds are selected by concomitantly considering their activity against multiple targets. Overall, this study provides an approach for iterative screening where only inactive data are present in early stages of drug discovery in order to discover highly potent compounds and the best experimental set up in which to do so.
Pericardium Plug in the Repair of the Corneoscleral Fistula After Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Explantation (2008)

We report four cases in which a pericardium (Tutoplast) plug was used to repair a corneoscleral fistula after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) explantation. In four cases in which the AGV tube had been exposed, AGV explantation was performed using a pericardium (Tutoplast) plug to seal the defect previously occupied by the tube. After debridement of the fistula, a piece of processed pericardium (Tutoplast), measured 1 mm in width, was plugged into the fistula and secured with two interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. To control intraocular pressure, a new AGV was implanted elsewhere in case 1, phaco-trabeculectomy was performed concurrently in case 2, cyclophotocoagulation was performed postoperatively in case 3 and anti-glaucomatous medication was added in case 4. No complication related to the fistula developed at the latest follow-up (range: 12-26 months). The pericardium (Tutoplast) plug seems to be an effective method in the repair of corneoscleral fistulas resulting from explantation of glaucoma drainage implants.
A method for characterizing and matching CT image quality across CT scanners from different manufacturers (2017)

Matching image appearance in terms of resolution, noise magnitude, and noise texture provides a quantitative and reproducible strategy to improve consistency in image quality among different CT scanners and reconstructions.
Adaptive parameter and gain RISE control of a flexure-based dual-drive ‘H’ gantry (2016)

The dual-drive gantry has widespread industrial use. It is mechanically advantageous in terms of ease and cost of manufacture, low use of precision machined parts, power efficiency among the more significant features. However, control of the prototype gantry is not trivial. Inter-axis misalignment, manufacturing imperfections contribute to the difficulty of control. In addition to all the complexities of contemporary dualdrive gantries, our prototype's end-effector is actuated through a force with a fixed line of action. This causes a moment that de-synchronizes the motion of the parallel carriages. Furthermore, contemporary robust control schemes such as sliding mode control can excite hidden modes related to the flexure joints. An output-feedback control scheme that uses both an online parameter adaptation in conjunction with a robust integral signum of error (RISE) gain evolution is proposed. Experimental results show improvement of the proposed controller against a conventional RISE counterpart.
Log-Linear Models for Frequency Tables with Ordered Classifications (1974)

Contingency tables with ordered classifications frequently arise in statistical practice. Various methods for examining such tables are explored by Yates [1948], Armitage [1955], Mantel [1963], Kendall and Stuart ([1967] p.p. 562-78), and Williams and Grizzle [1972]. These techniques generally involve attempts to assign scores to the categories of the table and then analyze the data as if they were continuous. An alternate approach which exploits the actual distributional structure of these tables may be made by use of the general loglinear models discussed by Haberman [1973]. The present paper considers a class of log-linear models appropriate for the analysis of r X c contingency tables with ordered row and column categories. Methods are presented for selection of models, computation of MVL estimates, performance of likelihood ratio or Pearson chi-square tests, and calculation of asymptotic variances. Although the discussion in this paper is confined to two-way contingency tables, no difficulty exists in applying the methods advocated here to m-way contingency tables.
ABSORPTION AND DISPOSITION OF MULTIPLE DOSE FTY720 IN HUMANS. (2000)

Choudhury, Somesh1; Kahan, Barry D.2; Leichtman, Allen B.3; Ferguson, Ronald M.4; Karlix, Janet L.5; Schmouder, Robert L.1; Chodoff, Lawrence1; Sablinski, Tomasz1 Author Information
Mapping of slider-disk interaction (2002)

A novel methodology has been introduced to map slider-disk interactions and, thus, study the potential of magnetic decay caused by such interactions. Investigations are focused on the visualization of such interactions. The methodology is based on a specially prepared disk which is of the same structure as a conventional magnetic disk except a magnetooptical (MO) layer is used, which is of low Curie temperature, to replace the magnetic layer of the magnetic disk media. Interactions that generate a temperature above the Curie temperature of the MO material are recorded, visualized and analyzed by optical and magnetic tools. It is noticed that the signatures of the interactions recorded are mainly line-like. Results also indicate that slider-disk contact during the interaction process is also a contact vibration process and the vibration frequency is not a constant. Results presented in this work also show the unique advantage of the proposed method in visualizing severe slider-disk interaction which cannot be revealed by either atomic force microscopy (AFM) or high-resolution observation of carbon wear or lubricant degradation with optical surface analyzers.