gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Electrochemical Fluorination of Triphenylmethane and Bis(phenylthio)diphenylmethane Derivatives in a U-shaped Cell (2021)

Electrochemical fluorination of triphenylmethane derivatives and bis(phenylthio)diphenylmethane derivatives by using a split bipolar electrode is described. The reaction conditions for the fluorination of triphenylmethane were further optimized from the previous report to obtain the desired product in quantitative yields. Fluorination reaction cleanly proceeded under a wide range of voltage applied between the driving electrodes, from 25 to 100 V. Use of lower voltage is preferable in terms of energy efficiency, whereas higher voltage shortened the reaction time. The optimized conditions were applicable to the fluorination of other triphenylmethane derivatives and bis(phenylthio)diphenylmethane derivatives to give the corresponding fluorinated products.
Suppression of Tumor-related Glycosylation of Cell Surface Receptors by the 16-kDa Membrane Subunit of Vacuolar H+-ATPase (2001)

The glycosylation of integrins and other cell surface receptors is altered in many transformed cells. Notably, an increase in the number of beta1,6-branched N-linked oligosaccharides correlates strongly with invasive growth of cells. An ectopic expression of the Golgi enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GlcNAc-TV), which forms beta1,6 linkages, promotes metastasis of a number of cell types. It is shown here that the 16-kDa transmembrane subunit (16K) of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase suppresses beta1,6 branching of beta(1) integrin and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Overexpression of 16K inhibits cell adhesion and invasion. 16K contains four hydrophobic membrane-spanning alpha-helices, and its ability to influence glycosylation is localized primarily within the second and fourth membrane-spanning alpha-helices. 16K also interacts directly with the transmembrane domain of beta(1) integrin, but its effects on glycosylation were independent of its binding to beta(1) integrin. These data link cell surface tumor-related glycosylation to a component of the enzyme responsible for acidification of the exocytic pathway.
Long-term effects of bosentan in patients with HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (2008)

Bosentan has proven 4-month efficacy in patients with HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-HIV). Herein, the long-term outcome of unselected PAH-HIV patients treated with first-line bosentan is described. Data for 59 consecutive World Health Organization (WHO) functional class II-IV PAH-HIV patients treated with first-line bosentan between May 2002 and July 2007 were analysed. HIV status, 6-min walk distance and haemodynamics were assessed at baseline, after 4 months and every 6-12 months thereafter. After 4 months, 6-min walk distance increased from 358+/-98 to 435+/-89 m and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 737+/-328 to 476+/-302 dyn x s x cm(-5). At the final evaluation (29+/-15 months), 6-min walk distance remained stable and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased further to 444+/-356 dyn x s x cm(-5). Haemodynamics normalised in 10 patients. At their last evaluation, these 10 patients were in WHO functional class I, with a 6-min walk distance of 532+/-52 m. Overall survival estimates were 93, 86 and 66% at 1, 2 and 3 yrs, respectively. Bosentan was safe when combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy, with no negative impact on HIV infection control. The present data confirm the long-term benefits of bosentan therapy in HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with improvements in symptoms, 6-min walk distance and haemodynamics, and with favourable overall survival.
The water-soluble β-cyclodextrin–[60]fullerene complex (2001)

A stable inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with [60]fullerene is reported for the first time, synthesized by using a novel synthetic procedure; radical scavenging studies of the water-soluble complex indicate that it has potential for a number of medical applications.
Stick-slip dynamics as a probe of frictional forces (1997)

In this letter we investigate the nature of relaxation in a model system which consists of a chain of particles that interact with two periodic potentials which represent two confining plates, one of which is externally driven. We find that the relaxation of the "slip" part between two "stick" events in the stick-slip time series may display more than one characteristic time scale. Similar relaxation patterns are observed also in the case of a single particle located between the plates. The different relaxation times are shown to be related to a velocity-dependent effective frictional force felt by the driven plate, and their actual observation is dictated by the experimental conditions.
Feasibility study on application of power transmission using magnetic coupling to body area network (2012)

Presented is a feasibility study on power transmission using magnetic coupling between devices in a body area network. The effects of transmission distance and body movement on transmission efficiency were investigated. The measurement results show a maximum transmission efficiency of 46.2% at a distance of 10 cm, and this result presents the possibility of transmitting power in a body area network with high efficiency.
Bandwidth reservation for multimedia traffic over micro cellular network (2002)

Supporting multimedia traffic over wireless channels in a cellular network requires effective control of the channel's limited capacity. The challenge is to guarantee different quality of service (QoS) parameters for different types of traffic while achieving high throughput. The performance of a bandwidth reservation multiple access (BRMA) protocol is studied for multimedia traffic. BRMA reserves a minimum bandwidth for each mobile station (MS) during the call setup. Admission control rejects any connection request from any MS for which QoS is not guaranteed. Inside any uplink time frame, mini slots are assigned deterministically to each MS whereas data slots are assigned by the base station (BS). These guarantee the efficient operation of the protocol.
Dusty plasmas in a dc glow discharge (2002)

The striations proved to be a very useful tool to study various phenomena taking place in complex plasmas. In this work we present results of observations within a wide range of formations from an ordinary chain of several charged dust grains up to complex structures consisting of regions with different dusty plasma states. Plasma crystals, liquid‐like structures with a short‐range order and with a convective motion of dust particles, a development of dust waves have been studied at different plasma conditions and with spherical dust particles varying in size from 1.9 μm up to 63 μm. Experiments with 300 μm long cylindrical dust grains discovered the formation of the ordered structure similar to the liquid crystal.
Intensity-based masking: A tool to improve functional connectivity results of resting-state fMRI (2016)

Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) of resting-state functional MRI data is a widely used methodology, enabling the identification of functional brain networks in health and disease. Based on signal correlations across the brain, FC measures are highly sensitive to noise. A somewhat neglected source of noise is the fMRI signal attenuation found in cortical regions in close vicinity to sinuses and air cavities, mainly in the orbitofrontal, anterior frontal and inferior temporal cortices. BOLD signal recorded at these regions suffers from dropout due to susceptibility artifacts, resulting in an attenuated signal with reduced signal-to-noise ratio in as many as 10% of cortical voxels. Nevertheless, signal attenuation is largely overlooked during FC analysis. Here we first demonstrate that signal attenuation can significantly influence FC measures by introducing false functional correlations and diminishing existing correlations between brain regions. We then propose a method for the detection and removal of the attenuated signal ("intensity-based masking") by fitting a Gaussian-based model to the signal intensity distribution and calculating an intensity threshold tailored per subject. Finally, we apply our method on real-world data, showing that it diminishes false correlations caused by signal dropout, and significantly improves the ability to detect functional networks in single subjects. Furthermore, we show that our method increases inter-subject similarity in FC, enabling reliable distinction of different functional networks. We propose to include the intensity-based masking method as a common practice in the pre-processing of seed-based functional connectivity analysis, and provide software tools for the computation of intensity-based masks on fMRI data. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2407-2418, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Web-Based Knowledge Management (2011)

The importance of knowledge management has been recognized both in academia and in practice. Meanwhile, the web technology is being used as a new and common medium to support the collective nature of knowledge management. In this chapter, 4 types of web-based knowledge management models are identified and discussed. It is believed that more models exist and could be identified. Nonetheless, these 4 models are believed to be able to reflect the current level of web-based knowledge management, which can be basically described as content-based information retrieval and topic-oriented information association and organization. This chapter concludes that the current web-based knowledge management is at a lower level, and, the potential of the web technology based knowledge management has just started to be realized. The study of the models identified in this paper would provide insights on leveled knowledge management, what should be contained in a higher level of knowledge management system, and how knowledge management support systems can be technically implemented.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Sonic-tensor completion and applications (2018)

Sonic slowness measurements from a vertical well are augmented with auxiliary data to provide plausible logs of fractured VTI (FVTI) moduli. The auxiliary data come from published core measurements, described by a data base mean vector containing five VTI parameters and an associated covariance matrix. A Bayesian formalism is used to bring in the auxiliary data. The inversion seeks an FVTI medium that fits the sonic measurements while honoring the data base, exploiting correlations between the in situ and auxiliary measurements. The data base is used to constrain VTI tensor components for the background medium and in both symmetry planes. A seven-parameter model vector (VP, VS, E, A, G, δV, δN) is found through nonlinear optimization; posterior uncertainties are determined using MCMC. Together with the shear sonic fast azimuth, a depth-dependent monoclinic medium can be constructed and upscaled to seismic frequencies. Applications include models for seismic and geomechanical simulation, and background priors for orthorhombic tomography and AVA vs. azimuth inversion. Presentation Date: Monday, October 15, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 212A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-3-yl)ethanone (2008)

In the title compound, C(11)H(11)NO(4)S, the thia-zine ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The enolic H atom is involved in an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a six-membered ring. Mol-ecules are linked through weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in chains lying along the b axis.
NRF2 in dermatological disorders: Pharmacological activation for protection against cutaneous photodamage and photodermatosis (2022)

The skin barrier and its endogenous protective mechanisms cope daily with exogenous stressors, of which ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses an imminent danger. Although the skin is able to reduce the potential damage, there is a need for comprehensive strategies for protection. This is particularly important when developing pharmacological approaches to protect against photocarcinogenesis. Activation of NRF2 has the potential to provide comprehensive and long-lasting protection due to the upregulation of numerous cytoprotective downstream effector proteins that can counteract the damaging effects of UVR. This is also applicable to photodermatosis conditions that exacerbate the damage caused by UVR. This review describes the alterations caused by UVR in normal skin and photosensitive disorders, and provides evidence to support the development of NRF2 activators as pharmacological treatments. Key natural and synthetic activators with photoprotective properties are summarized. Lastly, the gap in knowledge in research associated with photodermatosis conditions is highlighted.
LENTIVIRUS-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER TO THE OVINE AND HUMAN CORNEA (2008)

Parker, D; Klebe, S; Brereton, H M.; Coster, D J.; Anson, D S.; Williams, K A. Author Information
Electrochemical actuator from conductive electroactive polymer polypyrrole deposited on gold (2007)

Electrochemical bilayer actuators were fabricated from conductive electroactive polymer polypyrrole deposited by electrochemical polymerization. Films of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzene sulphonate (PPy-DBS) and with gold coating on one side were prepared by galvanostatic electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. Polystyrene sheet (used for over-head-projector) with thermally deposited gold film, was used as working electrode. The strong interaction of pyrrole with gold was made use of to get a freestanding polypyrrole film with gold coating on one side (PPy-DBS/Au). Bilayer actuators, were fabricated from these freestanding films and tested in 1 M LiClO 4 solution. The actuator showed bending of up to 90° on both sides on electrochemical reduction/oxidation under an applied potential of 2-3 V. The applied voltage determined the response time, which was 2 to 3 s. The actuator action was also observed with low frequency ac signal.
Three‐Dimensional Sequential Self‐Assembly of Microscale Objects (2007)

Assembly line: Hydrophobic, repulsive double-layer, and van der Waals interactions have been employed in the sequential self-assembly of microfabricated silicon parts in aqueous solution. Control of the assembly sequence is realized by simply changing the pH of the solution. The fabrication of column- and barrel-shaped microstructures and closed-link microchain structures is demonstrated through a two-step self-assembly process (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2007/z600721_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Green and sustainable metrics: Charting the course for green-by-design small molecule API synthesis (2022)

Sustainable small molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing starts at the onset of route development by employing a Green-by-Design strategy. Reliable metrics are imperative for setting targets and measuring process improvements throughout the development cycle. This article reviews some of the many tools and methods established to analyze and assess the greenness and sustainability of a process, each of which highlights different aspects of process efficiency, waste formation or overall environmental impact reduction. Most calculations, such as process mass intensity (PMI), are mass-based and do not consider the types of raw materials used. In contrast, a full life cycle assessment (LCA) offers detailed information about the “cradle to grave” environmental impact of a manufacturing route and its specific resources, but the high data requirements and long timelines are not conducive for multiple processes or repeated assessments during process optimization. To address these challenges, we introduce a Streamlined PMI-LCA Tool, developed in collaboration with the ACS Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACS GCIPR), that combines PMI with a “cradle to gate” approach to include the environmental footprint of the synthesis’ raw materials. The frequent re-evaluation of a process continuously highlights areas for improvement and guides the prioritization of process development activities to effectively and rapidly achieve a Green-by-Design commercial synthetic route. The utility of this approach to Green-by-Design is demonstrated with the reduction of PMI for MK-7264 from 366 to 88 over the course of process development.
Study of Viscoelastic Rubber Mounts on Vehicle Suspensions with In-Wheel Electric Motors (2021)

Rubber bushings and mounts are vastly used in automotive applications as support and interface elements. In suspension systems, they are commonly employed to interconnect the damping structure to the chassis. Therein, the viscoelastic nature of the material introduces a desirable filtering effect to reduce mechanical vibrations. When designing a suspension system, available literature often deals with viscoelastic mounts by introducing a linear or nonlinear stiffness behavior. In this context, the present paper aims at representing the rubber material using a proper viscoelastic model with the selection of different in-wheels motors. Thus, the mount dynamic behavior's influence in a suspension is studied and discussed thoroughly through numerical simulations and sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, guidelines are proposed to orient the designer when selecting these elements.
Electronic trigger for capacitive touchscreen and extension of ISO 15781 standard time lag measurements to smartphones (2014)

We present in this paper a novel capacitive device that stimulates the touchscreen interface of a smartphone (or of any imaging device equipped with a capacitive touchscreen) and synchronizes triggering with the DxO LED Universal Timer to measure shooting time lag and shutter lag according to ISO 15781:2013. The device and protocol extend the time lag measurement beyond the standard by including negative shutter lag, a phenomenon that is more and more commonly found in smartphones. The device is computer-controlled, and this feature, combined with measurement algorithms, makes it possible to automatize a large series of captures so as to provide more refined statistical analyses when, for example, the shutter lag of “zero shutter lag” devices is limited by the frame time as our measurements confirm.
Three‐Component Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzene Derivatives via Diels—Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadienone Acetal with Alkyne. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improved Pattern Learning for Bootstrapped Entity Extraction (2014)

Bootstrapped pattern learning for entity extraction usually starts with seed entities and iteratively learns patterns and entities from unlabeled text. Patterns are scored by their ability to extract more positive entities and less negative entities. A problem is that due to the lack of labeled data, unlabeled entities are either assumed to be negative or are ignored by the existing pattern scoring measures. In this paper, we improve pattern scoring by predicting the labels of unlabeled entities. We use various unsupervised features based on contrasting domain-specific and general text, and exploiting distributional similarity and edit distances to learned entities. Our system outperforms existing pattern scoring algorithms for extracting drug-andtreatment entities from four medical forums.
Three-dimensional Structural and Chemical Characterization via STEM of a Candidate Standard Reference Material for Atom Probe Tomography (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
A longitudinal study of pre-pregnancy antioxidant levels and subsequent perinatal outcomes in black and white women: The CARDIA Study (2020)

Higher preconception antioxidant levels are not associated with better birth outcomes.
Development of the first demonstration CFB boiler for gas and steam cogeneration (1997)

To solve the shortage of gas and steam supply in the small towns of the country, a new gas steam cogeneration system has been developed. On the basis of the fundamental research on the system, a demonstration gas steam cogeneration system has been designed. As the phase 1 of the project, a 75t/h demonstration CFB boiler for gas steam cogeneration has been erected and operated at Yangzhong Thermal Power Plant of China. This paper introduces the first 75t/h demonstration CFB boiler for gas steam cogeneration. Due to the need of gas steam cogeneration process, the boiler has the features of high temperature cyclone separation, high solid recycle ratio, staged combustion and an external heat exchanger adjusting bed temperature and heat load. The operation results show that the boiler has wide fuel adaptability and the heating value of the coal changes from 14MJ/Kg to 25MJ/Kg. The heat load changes from 85t/h to 28t/h while steam parameter is maintained at the normal conditions. The combustion efficiency of the boiler attain 98%. The boiler design and operation experiences may be a guide to the design and operation of larger CFB units in the future.
Behavior of Mineral Matters in Chinese Coal Ash Melting during char-CO2/H2O Gasification Reaction (2009)

The typical Chinese coal ash melting behavior during char-CO2/H2O gasification reaction was studied by using TGA, XRD, and SEM-EDX analysis. It was found that ash melting behavior during char gasification reaction is quite different from that during coal combustion process. Far from the simultaneously ash melting behavior during coal combustion, the initial melting behavior of ash usually occurs at a middle or later stage of char-CO2/H2O reaction because of endothermic reaction and more reactivity of char gasification reaction as compared with that of mineral melting reactions in ash. In general, the initial melting temperature of ash is as low as 200−300 K below the deformation temperature (Tdef) of ash with ASTM test. The initial molten parts in ash are mainly caused by iron bearing minerals such as wustite and iron-rich ferrite phases under gasification condition. Along with the proceeding of ash melting, the melting behavior appears to be accelerated by the presence of calcium to form eutectic mixtures in the FeO—SiO2—Al2O3 and CaO—SiO2—Al2O3 system. The different states of iron are the dominant reason for different melting behaviors under gasification and combustion conditions. Even under both reducing conditions, the ash fusion temperature (AFT) of coal under char-CO2 reaction is about 50−100 K lower than that under char-H2O reaction condition. The main reason of that is the higher content of CO under char-CO2 reaction, which can get a lower ratio of Fe3+/∑Fe in NaO—Al2O3—SiO2—Fe—O melts.