gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber-Optic Distributed-Temperature-Sensing Technology Used for Reservoir Monitoring in an Indonesia Steam Flood (2007)

Summary The world's largest steamflood operation is conducted on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. Fiber-optic distributed-temperaturesensing (DTS) surveys are used in the Sumatra fields to provide valuable data for reservoir management. The DTS profile data can determine the temperature and extent of a "steam chest," a phenomenon that occurs when steam injected into a steam-injection well moves away from the perforations until it encounters an impermeable barrier in the formation. The steam then extends laterally until breakthrough occurs at the producing well. Because oil is produced by gravity drainage, the steam chest (also known as a steam-saturated volume) grows downward. DTS surveys also have the capacity to determine the temperature gradient for either overburden or underburden reservoirs. This information is vital for properly setting steam-injection target rates. The information is also used to mitigate steam breakthroughs and eruptions, as well as to identify bypass oil. Steamflood operations experience many types of problems, including inefficient injection rates, wasted heat to the casing, sanding in producers, liner failures, and pump failures. There is also an ongoing need to improve the efficiencies of vapor collection systems, well-test stations, and central gathering stations. Based on these challenging problems, periodic wellbore temperature surveys are required to improve heat management and, ultimately, profitability. Conventional temperature logs cannot be run in these wells without first pulling the pumps from the completion. Therefore, a fiber-optic DTS system attached to the production tubing was suggested. This paper will present case histories of successful applications of fiber-optic DTS surveys that improved steamflood management in this steamflood field in Indonesia. The benefits from fiber-optic DTS monitoring were Significant improvement in the understanding of steam breakthrough zones along the pay-zone interval of production wells Improved understanding of the steam path in steam-injector wells Improvement of the real-time temperature profile in observation wells to identify steam-zone development and unswept or bypassed oil zones in the steamflood patterns
Potentiometric (Bioselective Electrodes) Assay Systems: Utility and Limitations (1989)

Numerous potentiometric assays utilizing bioselective electrodes are fast revolutionizing many areas of biotechnology. Adequately discussing the utility and limitations of these electrochemical systems is the purpose of this review. A general overview introduces bioselective potentiometry by presenting basic concepts, historical background, and current developments. Essentially, the review consists of several sections describing electrode architecture, operational concepts, different biosensors, assay systems, applications, and future trends. Advantages and disadvantages of the different bioselective assay systems discussed are included throughout each section. Electrode design discussion covers conventional liquid probes and the newer solid-state transitor biosensors. Limitations and advantages of different chemoreceptors, biocatalysts, and potentiometric transducers are presented. Operational characteristics include: linear behavior, sensitivity, stability, specificity, response, recovery, and the influence of interfering factors. Enzyme, organelle, tissue, and microbial biocatalytic sensors are discussed. Bioligand systems include: affinity, immunoselective enzyme, and liposome sensors. Potentiometric bioselective drug, microbial, and immunoassay systems are also included.
Modified Hausdorff Fractal Dimension (MHFD) (2015)

The Hausdorff fractal dimension has been a fast-to-calculate method to estimate complexity of fractal shapes. In this work, a modified version of this fractal dimension is presented in order to make it more robust when applied in estimating complexity of non-fractal images. The modified Hausdorff fractal dimension stands on two features that weaken the requirement of presence of a shape and also reduce the impact of the noise possibly presented in the input image. The new algorithm has been evaluated on a set of images of different character with promising performance.
Variations of Acoustic Velocity as Function of Brine and Oil Saturation in Carbonates (2017)

Summary This study aims to improve our understanding of the seismic signature (i.e., variations in acoustic velocity) as a result of variations in the brine and oil saturation. To this scope, we utilized a customized core flooding system and measured P- and S-wave velocity (Vp and Vs respectively) under reservoir pressure and as function of brine and oil saturation during drainage and imbibition, in three carbonate samples. Our results show that both Vp and Vs decrease as oil displaces brine (imbibition) and then increase as brine displaces oil (drainage). The Vp-saturation trend during imbibition followed the lower bound predicted by Gassmann theory assuming uniform fluid distribution, while drainage data followed the upper bound assuming patchy fluid distribution. Since oil production or EOR processes can be represented by the drainage process (i.e., gas or brine displacing oil), patchy fluid distribution should be considered in Gassmann theory when performing feasibility studies to predict changes in Vp as function of saturation changes. Despite the success of Gassmann theory in predicting Vp here, the results obtained for Vs show that Gassmann theory fails significantly to predict Vs as function of saturation. This suggests that the constant-shear-modulus condition in Gassmann is violated as fluid saturation changes.
Mortality and Causes of Death in Families With the Factor V Leiden Mutation (Resistance to Activated Protein C) (1997)

To investigate whether resistance to activated protein C (APC resistance) because of a mutation in the factor V gene (factor V Leiden) leads to a decrease in life expectancy, we analyzed overall and cause-specific mortality in 171 parents whose offspring carried this mutation. Compared with the Dutch general population, and after adjustment for age, sex, and calendar period, we found no excess deaths in the parents (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 1.2). The cause-specific SMR for malignant neoplasms (1.0; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.4), diseases of the circulatory system (1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4), and cerebrovascular disease (1.0; 95% CI, 0.4 to 1.9) also did not differ from unity. The SMRs for diseases of the respiratory system (1.4; 95% CI, 0.6 to 2.6) and for ischemic heart diseases (1.1; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.7) were slightly increased. Under the age of 45 years, there was a ninefold increase of dying from ischemic heart disease. Thromboembolic complications were mentioned only once (venous embolism or thrombosis) as an underlying ("primary") cause of death (SMR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 13.0) and three times (pulmonary embolisms) as a contributing ("secondary") cause of death (SMR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 4.4). We conclude that there is no major effect of APC resistance on life expectancy. Therefore, long-term anticoagulation in carriers of factor V Leiden, on the basis of the carrier state alone, is not indicated.
Recurrent Symptoms after Ventricular Pacing in Unexplained Syncope (1990)

We report clinical and hemodynamic data in two cases of recurrent syncope. Both patients received permanent demand ventricular pacing (VVI) for unexplained syncope. Both patients experienced recurrent syncope after pacemaker implantation. They later underwent 60 degrees head-up tilt testing, initially noninvasively and then with hemodynamic profile. A vasovagal response to tilt occurred with bradycardia and was complicated by the onset of ventricular pacing and retrograde atrioventricular conduction (RAVC) with hemodynamic deterioration and rapid reproduction of syncope. Limited intracardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) excluded atrioventricular (AV) conduction disease, sinus node disease, and carotid sinus syndrome, and confirmed RAVC. Both patients were upgraded to dual chamber pacing, DDI mode, with 50/80 rate hysteresis. One patient was asymptomatic at repeat tilt testing; the other experienced continued symptoms due to the vasodepressor component of vasovagal syncope. Cardiac pacing alone is ineffective treatment for this phenomenon, and no proven therapy is presently available. Ventricular pacing applied to patients with unexplained syncope may lead to an increase in or continuation of symptoms rather than an amelioration. There is a need for full investigation of such patients, which must include tilt testing, to allow for the most accurate diagnosis possible and guide the most appropriate therapy.
Evaluating Search Engines by Modeling the Relationship Between Relevance and Clicks (2007)

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Investigation of a Domino Heck Reaction for the Rapid Synthesis of Bicyclic Natural Products (2010)

Unexpected Heck: During efforts toward the synthesis of FR900482, an unexpected domino Heck product was isolated (see scheme). Although this pathway was ultimately not productive for the aforementioned natural product synthesis, efforts were made to extend the methodology to the synthesis of amurensinine. To our knowledge this domino reaction was the first such tandem Heck-alkylation pathway in the presence of a geometrically favorable β-hydrogen elimination.
Continuity properties of vectors realizing points in the classical field of values (2012)

Abstract For an n-by-n matrix A, let f A be its ‘field of values generating function’ defined as f A : x ↦ x*Ax. We consider two natural versions of the continuity, which we call strong and weak, of (which is of course multi-valued) on the field of values F(A). The strong continuity holds, in particular, on the interior of F(A), and at such points z ∈ ∂F(A) which are either corner points, belong to the relative interior of flat portions of ∂F(A), or whose preimage under f A is contained in a one-dimensional set. Consequently, is continuous in this sense on the whole F(A) for all normal, 2-by-2, and unitarily irreducible 3-by-3 matrices. Nevertheless, we show by example that the strong continuity of fails at certain points of ∂F(A) for some (unitarily reducible) 3-by-3 and (unitarily irreducible) 4-by-4 matrices. The weak continuity, in its turn, fails for some unitarily reducible 4-by-4 and untiarily irreducible 6-by-6 matrices. Keywords: field of valuesnumerical rangeinverse continuityweak continuityAMS Subject Classifications:: Primary: 15A6047A12Secondary: 54C08 Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0751964.
Development of YBa2Cu3O7−xsuperconducting films on (100) SrTiO3and (110) Ag substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis (2013)

YBa2Cu3O7−x films have been deposited using spray pyrolysis on (100) SrTiO3, (110) Ag single crystals and {110}<011> textured Ag tapes. An extended and systematic study on the optimization of composition, carrying gas flow, deposition temperature as well as annealing time was performed. It was found that these parameters are strongly correlated and affect the morphology, orientation and superconducting properties of the YBCO films. For the Y-123 film deposited on Ag single crystals, the Tc onset was at 90 K and a transport Jc value of around 104 A cm−2 (at 77 K) was observed. On SrTiO3 substrates, an in-plane orientation FWHM value of 0.70° was measured for the (102) pole figure. As-grown films already exhibit Jc values of 104 A cm−2, thus indicating that the correct structure is already formed during deposition. It was found that the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis zone played a fundamental role during the deposition. After modification of this heat gradient by adding a metallic susceptor, a noticeable improvement in the properties of the films was obtained. The films exhibited a Tc onset of 91 K (ΔTc = 1.5 K), while the Jc value at 77 K in self-field approached 105 A cm−2. According to our analysis, we find a 40 × 40 μm area in our best film where the critical current density reaches 5 × 106 A cm−2.
Synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy of single living cells in microfluidic devices: advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives (2012)

The possibility to fully exploit the diagnostic capabilities of SR-IRMS for studying single living cells under physiological conditions is limited by several constrains. First of all, the technology for manufacturing materials transparent to both IR and visible light is quite immature, limiting the design of fluidic devices to simple demountable liquid cells. In addition, the water spectral features become prominent in the Mid IR, hiding several cellular bands and therefore limiting the diagnostic capabilities of SR-IRMS. The overcoming of the so called "water absorption barrier" requires the improvement of the protocols for the compensation of buffer spectral contributions, a goal that can be achieved also advancing the quality of IR-suitable fluidic devices. In this paper, the technical solutions employed for microfabricating completely sealed IR-visible transparent fluidic devices for living cell analysis will be presented. Several examples of the results obtained in the study of living U937 monocytes subjected to different stimuli will be selected for highlighting both the advantages and the disadvantages offered by our approach for cellular biologyThe possibility to fully exploit the diagnostic capabilities of SR-IRMS for studying single living cells under physiological conditions is limited by several constrains. First of all, the technology for manufacturing materials transparent to both IR and visible light is quite immature, limiting the design of fluidic devices to simple demountable liquid cells. In addition, the water spectral features become prominent in the Mid IR, hiding several cellular bands and therefore limiting the diagnostic capabilities of SR-IRMS. The overcoming of the so called "water absorption barrier" requires the improvement of the protocols for the compensation of buffer spectral contributions, a goal that can be achieved also advancing the quality of IR-suitable fluidic devices. In this paper, the technical solutions employed for microfabricating completely sealed IR-visible transparent fluidic devices for living cell analysis will be presented. Several examples of the results obtained in the study of living U937 monocytes subjected to different stimuli will be selected for highlighting both the advantages and the disadvantages offered by our approach for cellular biology
Stark-tuned, far-infrared laser for high-frequency plasma diagnostics (1992)

A Stark-tuned optically pumped far-infrared CH(3)OH laser operating at 119 microm has been built. The laser is designed to operate at high power while exhibiting a well-separated Stark doublet. At a pump power of 65 W and an electric field of 1 kV/cm the laser has delivered over 100 mW cw while exhibiting a frequency splitting of 34 MHz. These parameters indicate that this laser would be suitable for use in the present generation of modulated interferometers on large thermonuclear plasma devices. The achieved modulation frequency is more than an order of magnitude higher than could be achieved by using standard techniques.
Novel Micro-Tubular High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (2011)

NiO-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) supported micro-tubular LSM ((La0.75Sr0.25)0.95MnO3)-YSZ/YSZ/NiO-YSZ solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have been prepared by a phase-inversion method. SEM results show that a novel asymmetric microstructure was obtained, with large finger-like pores on inner wall which can be used as gas delivery layer and small finger-like pores adjacent to the electrolyte thin film which can be used as electrochemical functional layer. High temperature steam electrolysis was carried out with H2 as gas carrier and maximum 80 vol. % absolute humidity (AH) steam fed to the micro-tubular cell. The electrolysis cell resistance increased with increase in the fed steam concentration under open circuit voltage conditions. An encouraging H2 generation rate of 3.8 ml min-1 cm-2 was obtained with 60 Vol. % AH steam under an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V at 850 oC.
Inhibition of transcription factor Stat5 induces cell death of human prostate cancer cells. (2003)

Vol. 278 (2003) 27287-27292 Page 27289, Fig. 1A : Fig. 1A should have been printed in color.
Synthesis of fused [1,2,6]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides as potential transition-state analog inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and guanase (1979)

Ring closure of ethyl 3-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate with sulfamoyl chloride gave 1,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide. The corresponding 4-amino analogue of this new heterocyclic ring system was similarly prepared from 3-aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile. Treatment of 4,5,6-triamino-2H-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide with N-thionylaniline gave a derivative of another new ring system, 7-amino-4H-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 5,5-dioxide. These compounds and the corresponding 4-amino- and 4-hydroxyimidazol[4,5-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxides were examined as potential transition-state analogue inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and guanine aminohydrolase. Two of the compounds possessed Ki values of about 2x 10(-4) M with guanine aminohydrolase, but no inhibition of xanthine oxidase was observed by any at 5 x 10(-4) M.
Wearable Sensors Based Automatic Box and Block Test System (2019)

Objective manual dexterity assessment is useful for early detection of age-related functional decline and for prediction of cognitive decline. Such assessments are carried out by clinicians using traditional tests and scales. The Box and Blocks Test (BBT) is one of such scale, focusing on the measurement of unilateral gross manual dexterity. Subjects are scored based on the number of blocks transferred from one compartment to the other compartment in a time window. Currently, most works on automatic BBT take advantage of the data captured by deep camera. However, these kind of solutions are limited by computational complexity and the accuracy of color segmentation. Based on recent success of wearable equipments, in this paper, we research multimodal wearable sensors based Box and Block Test system (wBBT). wBBT takes advantage of 5 kinds of time series signal, including Electromyographic, Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Orientation and Orientation Euler for automatic manual dexterity assessment. In addition, we research 9 deep neural network structures (3 multimodal signal fusion methods × 3 network cells) for multimodal signal based blocks moving motion recognition. To evaluate the feasibility of wBBT, we collect the data of 37 subjects, including 25 subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 12 normal subjects. Experimental results show that wBBT is a useful tool for automatic assessment of unilateral gross manual dexterity.
Quality and Content of Internet-Based Information for Ten Common Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Diagnoses (2010)

The quality and content of health information on the Internet is highly variable for common sports medicine topics. Patients should be encouraged to exercise caution and to utilize only well-known sites and those that display the HONcode seal of compliance with transparency and accountability practices.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2′-Dihalopyrimidine Ribonucleoside Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication (2021)

We present a newly developed synthetic route to 2-bromo-2-fluoro ribolactone based on our published 2-chloro-2-fluoro ribolactone synthesis. Stereoselective fluorination is key to controlling the 2-diastereoselectivity. We also report a substantially improved glycosylation reaction with both the 2-bromo-2-fluoro and 2-chloro-2-fluoro sugars. These improvements allowed us to prepare 2'-dihalo nucleosides <b>13</b> and <b>14</b> in an overall 15-20% yield.
Giant phototransistor response in dithienyltetrathiafulvalene derivatives (2013)

Thienyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalene (DTh-TTF, 1a) and a t-butyl derivative (1b) are prepared, and the remarkable photoresponse and memory effect in the transistors are investigated. Upon irradiation of light with a wavelength shorter than the absorption edge (535 nm), the threshold voltage of 1b shifts by as large as 57 V, and the drain current increases by 103 times. The photo generated conducting state is maintained for several tens of minutes but erased by the application of a large negative gate voltage.
ADAR1 Is Essential For Erythroid Development (2013)

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms controlling erythroid differentiation may allow therapeutic regulation of erythropoiesis. Focus so far has concentrated on the roles of transcription factors in determining erythroid fate, however one mechanism of gene regulation that has been poorly explored is that of direct modification of RNA. It is now becoming apparent that RNA sequences can be widely modified by RNA editing. Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process resulting in sequence alterations to RNA transcripts, which is catalyzed by members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes. We have previously reported that targeted disruption of ADAR1 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) resulted in a global upregulation of type I and II interferon-inducible transcripts and rapid apoptosis (Hartner et al., Nature Immunology 2009). This study identified that ADAR1 is essential for maintenance of both the fetal and adult HSC compartment in a cell-autonomous fashion. Although ADAR1 is dispensable for myeloid development and B-lymphopoiesis, investigation of its role in erythropoiesis is granted owing to the severe loss erythrocytes in ADAR1 null mice. To determine the role of ADAR1 in erythropoiesis, we generated mice with an erythroid-restricted deletion of ADAR1 (EpoR-Cre Adar1fl/-). These animals were found to die in utero at ∼E14.5. The fetal liver (FL) was small and had significantly lower cellularity than in control littermates. Analysis of FL erythropoiesis demonstrated increased apoptosis and a loss of cells after the phenotypic polychromatic erythroblast stage of erythroid differentiation. When transplantation studies were done with EpoR-Cre Adar1fl/- FL and control EpoR-Cre Adar1fl/+ FL, recipients of EpoR-Cre Adar1fl/- FL could not restore erythropoiesis and were anemic in contrast to the controls. They also developed splenomegaly suggestive of extramedullary hemopoiesis occurring as a compensatory mechanism. To understand the mechanism through which ADAR1 regulates erythroid development, gene expression arrays and miRNA profiling were performed. As with HSCs, loss of ADAR1 caused a significant upregulation of IFN signatures in EpoR-Cre Adar1fl/- FL. Interestingly, despite evidence related to regulation of miRNA function by ADARs, there were only subtle changes to the expression pattern and levels of miRNAs in Adar1-deficient erythroid cells. These results demonstrate that ADAR1 is an essential in vivo mediator of erythroid cell fate and a critical negative regulator of the IFN response in cells specifically committed to erythropoiesis. Disclosures: Hartner: TaconicArtemis: Employment.