gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of chondrocyte maturation by fibroblast growth factor‐2 and parathyroid hormone (1995)

Fibroblast growth factor-2 and parathyroid hormone are strong modulators of the maturation process of chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. To clarify whether and how these agents may exert stage-specific effects during this process, we analyzed the responsiveness and phenotypic consequences of treatment with fibroblast growth factor-2 or parathyroid hormone on chondrocytes at different stages of maturation. Populations of immature lower sternal, maturing upper sternal, and hypertrophic tibial growth plate chondrocytes were isolated from day 18-20 chick embryos and were allowed to resume the maturation process by growth in standard monolayer cultures. Treatment of immature lower sternal cultures with as little as 0.1 ng/ml of fibroblast growth factor-2 or 10(-10) M parathyroid hormone prevented both the emergence of mature type-X collagen-synthesizing chondrocytes and the ensuing enlargement of cells that occurred in control (untreated) cultures. Similarly, the treatment of cultured early maturing upper sternal cells with these factors severely reduced the synthesis of type-X collagen and alkaline phosphatase activity and the levels of their respective mRNAs. In sharp contrast, when the cultured upper sternal cells were allowed to grow and mature further before treatment, the responsiveness to fibroblast growth factor-2 was markedly reduced and the responsiveness to parathyroid hormone remained strong and largely unchanged. Cultures of hypertrophic tibial growth plate cells displayed a similar reduced sensitivity to fibroblast growth factor-2, as also indicated by the lack of mitogenic effects, and strong sensitivity to parathyroid hormone. The phenotypic changes induced by treatment with either of these factors were fully reversible when cultures that had been treated were placed in control medium. The results demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor-2 and parathyroid hormone are equally potent in affecting the early stages of maturation but exert differential effects as the cells progress along the maturation pathway. The factors appear to be part of sequentially acting mechanisms to ensure normal progression of chondrocyte maturation during endochondral ossification.
Formaldehyde crosslinks daunorubicin and DNA efficiently: HPLC and x-ray diffraction studies (1991)

Formaldehyde (HCHO) cross-links the anticancer drug daunorubicin (DAU) to DNA efficiently. When DAU is mixed with DNA hexamers, d(CGCGCG) and d(CGTDCG), in the presence of HCHO, stable covalent adducts of DNA are formed, as shown by the HPLC analyses. The major adducts are identical with the materials in the respective crystals which can be readily obtained from the 1:1 mixture of DAU-d(CGCGCG) and DAU-d(CGTDCG) plus HCHO, but not from the solution without HCHO. The high-resolution (1.5 A) X-ray crystal structure of those adducts shows unambiguously that they contain a covalent methylene bridge between the N3' of daunosamine and the N2 of the guanine or 2-aminoadenine. The perfect juxtaposition of the two amino groups in the minor groove of the complex provides a template for an efficient addition of HCHO. The methylene bridge does not perturb the conformation of the drug-DNA complex, when compared to the structure of DAU-d(CGTACG). The results suggest new approaches for synthesizing a new type of potential anticancer drug by attaching a reactive (e.g., alkylating) functional group at the N3' amino position of daunorubicin/doxorubicin. The stable drug-DNA adduct may be useful as probes for other biological studies.
Recovery of a chromaticity image free from shadows via illumination invariance (2003)

A recent method for recovering a greyscale image that is free from shadow effects is extended such that the recovered image is a colour image, in the sense that 2-dimensional chromaticity information is recovered. First, the effect of lighting change, and thus to a large degree shadowing, is removed by projecting logarithms of 2D colour band-ratio chromaticities into a direction that is independent of lighting change. The resulting 2-vector colour does not contain the contribution of the original lighting in the input image, so this is restored by considering the chromaticity for bright pixels. The resulting image is improved by regression of the chromaticity onto the original image, with promising results. 1.
Active modification of host inflammation bySalmonella (2013)

The dampening of host immune responses is a critical aspect of pathogenesis for the enteropathogen Salmonella enterica. Our laboratory has recently described a role for the secreted effector GogB in disruption of NFκB activation and limitation of the host inflammatory response to infection. GogB alters the NFκB pathway by preventing IκB degradation by the host SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase, through an interaction with Skp1 and FBXO22. The prevention of NFκB activation through this interaction dampens the host inflammatory response in the gut, which in turn limits the damage to host tissues during chronic infection. In this addendum, we summarize these recent findings and discuss their implications and impact in the area of host-pathogen interactions.
Selected Biomarkers Revealed Potential Skin Toxicity Caused by Certain Copper Compounds (2016)

Copper is an essential mineral and plays important roles in skin growth and activity. Copper delivery through skin can provide beneficial effects but its potential to induce skin irritation reactions is often overlooked. Data on dermal toxicity caused by copper compounds is scant. Some recognized in vitro skin toxicity methods are unsuitable for all metal compounds. Here, we employ a keratinocyte-based model and evaluated the skin irritation potential of copper compounds at cellular, genomic and proteomic levels. We determined cell viability and cytotoxicity by using tetrazolium reduction assay and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, performed real-time PCR and protein quantification to assess the expression of biomarkers after treating cells with copper peptide (GHK-Cu), copper chloride (CuCl<sub>2</sub>) and copper acetate (Cu(OAc)<sub>2</sub>). These copper compounds exhibited different irritancy potentials at the same treatment concentrations. GHK-Cu was not cytotoxic and did not induce any significant change in the expression levels of various skin irritation-related biomarkers. IL-1α and IL-8, HSPA1A and FOSL1 were significantly upregulated following 24-h treatment with CuCl<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OAc)<sub>2</sub> at 58 and 580 μM without concomitant inhibition in cell viability. GHK-Cu has a low potential of inducing skin irritation and therefore provides a safer alternative for the delivery of copper through skin.
In vivo bronchial epithelial interferon responses are augmented in asthma on day 4 following experimental rhinovirus infection (2022)

Despite good evidence of impaired innate antiviral responses in asthma, trials of inhaled interferon-β given during exacerbations showed only modest benefits in moderate/severe asthma. Using human experimental rhinovirus infection, we observe robust in vivo induction of bronchial epithelial interferon response genes 4 days after virus inoculation in 25 subjects with asthma but not 11 control subjects. This signature correlated with virus loads and lower respiratory symptoms. Our data indicate that the in vivo innate antiviral response is dysregulated in asthma and open up the potential that prophylactic rather than therapeutic interferon therapy may have greater clinical benefit.
Impact of Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Betel Leaf (2017)

The experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during kharif season 2013-14 and continued in 2014-15 to determine optimum dose of N, P and K in combination with organic & inorganic source and to assess the effect of N, P and K on the yield and quality of betel leaf. The land was medium high and the soil was silty loam in texture. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Different fertilizer doses viz. N = 0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1, P = 0, 22, 44 kg ha-1 and K= 0, 21, 42 kg ha-1 were considered as treatment. The treatment combinations were T1 = N0P0K0, T2 = N0P22K21, T3 = N50P22K21, T4 = N100P22K21, T5 = N150P22K21, T6 = N150P44K21, T7 = N150P44K42, T8 = N100P0K21, T9 = N100P44K21, T10 = N100P22K0 and T11 = N100P22K42. The total amount of N as per treatment was top dressed in 8 equal splits at 45 days’ interval. The sources of N were 50% from Urea and 50% from mustard oil cake. Betel leaf advanced line BL-018 was used as a test crop. The highest leaf yield (59000 bira ha-1 in 2013-14 & 142200 bira ha-1 in 2014-15) was obtained from the treatment T11 = N100P22K42 which was identical to T9 = N100P44K21 (55370 bira ha-1 in 2013-14 & 123500 bira ha-1 in 2014-15) and T4 = N100P22K21 (51590 bira ha-1 in 2013-14 & 120600 bira ha-1 in 2014-15). The lowest leaf yield (26030 bira ha-1 in 2013-14 & 57090 bira ha-1 in 2014-15) was recorded from T1 = N0P0K0 (1 bira= 80 leaves). It was concluded that N100P22K42, N100P44K21 and N100P22K21 kg ha-1may be the good alternative for betel leaf cultivation where 50% N was supplied from urea and 50% from mustard oil cake. Among them N100P22K42 kg ha-1would be the best due to less disease infestation, higher productivity and higher economic return.
Charge-transfer efficiency in a buried-channel charge-coupled device at very low signal levels (1976)

A measurement of charge-transfer efficiency (CTE) is described for a 256-element charge-coupled linear imaging device operated below room temperature and at a very low total charge level per charge packet, that is, at a level of approximately 1/20 000th of saturation. This measurement was carried out at a register frequency near 15.75 kHz, the standard television-line frequency. CTE was measured by noting the dependence of the size of the principal charge packet upon the number of transfers. It was observed that at a dark current level of 4 electrons per packet and a photosignal level of 15 electrons the signal loss through approximately 250 transfers was 1 ± 5 electrons at the 50 percent confidence level. A signal-averaging technique was used to obtain this small probable error in the measurement. An analysis has been performed which assumes bulk trapping as the limiting mechanism and from which it may be concluded that to the same probable error the bulk-trap concentration in the CCD channel region is less than 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for trap energies in the range between 0.23 and 0.32 eV below the conduction band. This result demonstrates the possibility of developing a 500 × 500 element charge-coupled imaging device which would have satisfactory CTE for signal levels as low as approximately 10 electrons per picture element.
Formal Theory (2011)

This chapter presents proof of Theorem 2.9 for n &gt; 2. It further notes that similar arguments using the form of the perturbation formulae (3.32) for the Ricci curvature show that the metrics constructed in Theorems 3.7, 3.9 and 3.10 are the only formal expansions of metrics for ρ‎ &gt; 0 or ρ‎ &lt; 0 involving positive powers of ¦ ρ‎ r ρ‎ and log ¦ ρ‎ r ρ‎, which are homogeneous of degree 2, Ricci-flat to infinite order, and in normal form. Convergence of formal series determined by Fuchsian problems such as these in the case of real-analytic data has been considered by several authors. In particular, results of [BaoG] can be applied to establish the convergence of the series occurring in Theorems 3.7 and 3.9 (and also in Theorem 3.10 if the obstruction tensor vanishes) if g and h are real-analytic. Convergence results including also the case when log terms occur in Theorem 3.10 are contained in [K].
Effect of forcing function on nonlinear acoustic standing waves (2003)

Nonlinear acoustic standing waves of high amplitude have been demonstrated by utilizing the effects of resonator shape to prevent the pressure waves from entering saturation. Experimentally, nonlinear acoustic standing waves have been generated by shaking an entire resonating cavity. While this promotes more efficient energy transfer than a piston-driven resonator, it also introduces complicated structural dynamics into the system. Experiments have shown that these dynamics result in resonator forcing functions comprised of a sum of several Fourier modes. However, previous numerical studies of the acoustics generated within the resonator assumed simple sinusoidal waves as the driving force. Using a previously developed numerical code, this paper demonstrates the effects of using a forcing function constructed with a series of harmonic sinusoidal waves on resonating cavities. From these results, a method will be demonstrated which allows the direct numerical analysis of experimentally generated nonlinear acoustic waves in resonators driven by harmonic forcing functions.
The Future of Personal Genomics (2007)

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Hyperkeratosis of palms and soles : clinical study. (1997)

Typical lesions of hyperkeratosis of palms and soles do not create any problem but when slight variation is there it becomes difficult to diagnose and that changes the line of treatment. For that we have studied 300 fresh cases of hyperkeratosis of palms and soles which included 110 cases of hyperkeratotic eczema. 42 cases of hyperkeratotic tinea, 64 cases of psoriasis of palms and soles and 84 cases of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP). To reach the final diagnosis alongwith the detailed history, general physical examination and routine investigations, help was taken of special investigations like pus for culture and sensitivity, KOH smear examination of skin scrapings and nail cutting and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium.
A Concrete Chinese NLP Pipeline (2015)

Nanyun Peng, Francis Ferraro, Mo Yu, Nicholas Andrews, Jay DeYoung, Max Thomas, Matthew R. Gormley, Travis Wolfe, Craig Harman, Benjamin Van Durme, Mark Dredze. Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations. 2015.
Ultrasmall Li2S Nanoparticles Anchored in Graphene Nanosheets for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

Li2S has a high theoretical capacity of 1166 mAh g(-1), but it suffers from limited rate and cycling performance. Herein we reported in-situ synthesis of thermally exfoliated graphene-Li2S (in-situ TG-Li2S) nanocomposite and its application as a superior cathode material alternative to sulfur. Li2S nanoparticles with the size of ~8.5 nm homogeneously anchored in graphene nanosheets were prepared via chemical reduction of pre-sublimed sulfur by lithium triethylborohydride (LiEt3BH). The in-situ TG-Li2S nanocomposite exhibited an initial capacity of 1119 mAh g(-1) Li2S (1609 mAh g(-1) S) with a negligible charged potential barrier in the first cycle. The discharge capacity retained 791 mAh g(-1) Li2S (1137 mAh g(-1) S) after 100 cycles at 0.1C and exceeded 560 mAh g(-1) Li2S (805 mAh g(-1) S) at a high rate of 2C. Moreover, coupling the composite with Si thin film anode, a Li2S/Si full cell was produced, delivering a high specific capacity of ~900 mAh g(-1) Li2S (1294 mAh g(-1) S). The outstanding electrode performance of in-situ TG-Li2S composite was attributed to the well dispersed small Li2S nanoparticles and highly conductive graphene nanosheets, which provided merits of facile ionic and electronic transport, efficient utilization of the active material, and flexible accommodation of volume change.
Learning discriminative models with incomplete data (2006)

Many practical problems in pattern recognition require making inferences using multiple modalities, e.g. sensor data from video, audio; physiological changes etc. Often in real-world scenarios there can be incompleteness in the training data. There can be missing channels due to sensor failures in multi-sensory data and many data points in the training set might be unlabeled. Further; instead of having exact labels we might have easy to obtain auxiliary labels that correlate with the task. Also, there can be labeling errors, for example human annotation can lead to incorrect labels in the training data. 
The discriminative paradigm of classification aims to model the classification boundary directly by conditioning on the data points; however, discriminative models cannot easily handle incompleteness since the distribution of the observations is never explicitly modeled. We present a unified Bayesian framework that extends the discriminative paradigm to handle four different kinds of incompleteness. First, a solution based on a mixture of Gaussian processes is proposed for achieving sensor fusion under the problematic conditions of missing channels. Second, the framework addresses incompleteness resulting from partially labeled data using input dependent regularization. Third, we introduce the located hidden random field (LHRF) that learns finer level labels when only some easy to obtain auxiliary information is available. Finally the proposed framework can handle incorrect labels, the fourth case of incompleteness. One of the advantages of the framework is that we can use different models for different kinds of label errors, providing a way to encode prior knowledge about the process. 
The proposed extensions are built on top of Gaussian process classification and result in a modular framework where each component is capable of handling different kinds of incompleteness. These modules can be combined in many different ways, resulting in many different algorithms within one unified framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework on a variety of problems such as multi-sensor affect recognition, image classification and object detection and segmentation. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
A new hardware design and FPGA implementation for Internet routing towards IP over WDM and terabit routers (2000)

With the advent of the World Wide Web and the services on it, there is a strong demand for the nodes that make Internet routing with guaranteed speed and throughput. Current 40-channel WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) has boosted a single 2.5 Gbps OC-48 link to 100 Gbps, so the requirement to make IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) routing table lookup is 100 MLPS (million lookups per second.) The emerging 96-channel WDM and 10 Gbps OC-192 fibers certainly demand much more. Previous works on fast IPv4 routing table lookup used indirect RAM indexing to CPU caching or CAM (Content Addressable Memory) to achieve a few or tens MLPS. Their theoretical best performances depend on the memory access speed and some of them are not extensible to accommodate the forthcoming IPv6. In this paper we describe a novel way to do this work with only a FPGA, and this approach, which utilizes the logic modeling and minimization techniques, promises a capability to make IPv4 and (IPv6) routing decisions in a pipelined fashion within only a FPGA CLB delay time.
Stroke prevention and atrial fibrillation: reasons leading to an inappropriate management. Main results of the SAFE II study (2004)

An important reason for not prescribing OAC was the lack of knowledge about trials and guidelines. Medical education about OAC in NVAF should therefore be improved.
Risk Factors for Blood Product Usage Following Sibling Allogeneic Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT). (2007)

Abstract Red cell and platelet transfusion requirements have been reported to be lower following reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIC allo-HCT) when compared to myeloablative (MA) allo-HCT. However, previous studies examined RIC regimens with lower haemopoietic toxicity than many of the regimens in use today. We investigated risk factors for red cell and platelet transfusion in patients enrolled prospectively in an Australian study investigating the non-HLA immunogenetics of sibling allo-HCT. The transfusion requirements in the first year post transplant were reviewed for 122 patients transplanted between 2002 and 2006 in three Australian transplant centres. Seventy-one patients received MA and 51 RIC regimens. Using regression analysis, the outcome variables of total red cell and platelet units transfused were analysed. The factors age, transplant centre, disease, transplant type (RIC v MA), days of neutropenia, death within 12 months, disease risk (high risk (HR) v standard risk (SR)) and ABO mismatch underwent univariate analysis. Associated variables with p&lt;0.2 were included in a multivariable analysis. Duration of neutropenia, disease risk, death within 12 months and transplant centre were significantly associated with higher red cell and platelet usage (p&lt;0.0001). Transplant type was not associated with transfusion requirement. Each additional day of neutropenia resulted in a 9% increase in number of red cell units transfused and 11% of platelet units. HR MA patients used an estimated 17 units of red cells compared to 12 units for SR. HR RIC patients used an estimated 26 units compared to 10 for SR RIC patients. HR patients used an estimated 16.9 platelet units compared to 8.5 for low risk. These data highlight the importance of disease risk and degree of myelosuppression as key risk factors for blood product usage following allo-HSCT.