gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Data Fusion for Distributed Target Detection in Sensor Networks (2010)

In this correspondence, we study different approaches for Bayesian data fusion for distributed target detection in sensor networks. Due to communication and bandwidth constraints, we assume that each sensor can only transmit a local decision to the fusion center (FC), which is in charge to take the final decision about the presence of a target. The optimal Bayesian test statistic at the FC is derived in the case where both the number and locations of the sensors are known. On the other hand, if both the number and the locations of the sensors are unknown, the optimal Bayesian test statistic is computed based on the same observations that the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Scan Statistic</i> test utilizes. The performances of the different approaches are compared through simulation.
A Guide to Water Free Lithium Bis(oxalate) Borate (LiBOB) (2021)

The use of LiBOB is limited due to slight instability issues under ambient conditions that might require extra purification steps and might result in poorer performances in real systems. Here, we address some of these issues and report the high purity water free LiBOB synthesized with fewer processing steps employing lithium carbonate, oxalic acid, and boric acid as low-cost starting materials, and via ceramic processing methods under protective atmosphere. The physical and chemical characterizations of both anhydrous and monohydrate phases are performed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to determine the degree of the purity and the formation of impurities like LiBOB.H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, HBO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;and Li&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; as a result of the aging investigations performed. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is applied to determine the optimum synthesis conditions for anhydrous LiBOB and to analyze the water loss and the decomposition of LiBOB.H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O. Aging experiments with the water free LiBOB are carried out to evaluate the effect of humidity in the phase changes and resulting impurities under various conditions. The detrimental effect of even slightest humidity conditions is shown, and protective measures during and after the synthesis of LiBOB are discussed.
Ultra broadband dual polarized dipole array with metallic reflector (2009)

An ultrawideband (UWB) dual polarized dipole array with high directivity is presented. It operates in the frequency range from 2.7 GHz up to 8.5 GHz. The dipoles are shaped elliptically and are realized on an RF substrate. The two polarizations were created by four dipoles each. A microstrip to slotline transition feeds every single element. Two four-way Wilkinson divider networks split the power for each polarization which results in the same magnitude and phase at each output port. The remaining dipole in the center of the array is not used and terminated. A metallic reflector is placed 10 mm below the antenna structure to increase the directivity and to lower the backward radiation. With this design, a mean gain of 6.4 dBi and a stable main beam direction with a nearly constant 3 dB beam width, both in the E-and H-plane, were achieved. The antenna shows good time domain behavior with a sharp peak as well as low ringing of the impulse response.
Day Ahead Real Time Pricing and Critical Peak Pricing Based Power Scheduling for Smart Homes with Different Duty Cycles (2018)

In this paper, we propose a demand side management (DSM) scheme in the residential area for electricity cost and peak to average ratio (PAR) alleviation with maximum users’ satisfaction. For this purpose, we implement state-of-the-art algorithms: enhanced differential evolution (EDE) and teacher learning-based optimization (TLBO). Furthermore, we propose a hybrid technique (HT) having the best features of both aforementioned algorithms. We consider a system model for single smart home as well as for a community (multiple homes) and each home consists of multiple appliances with different priorities. The priority is assigned (to each appliance) by electricity consumers and then the proposed scheme finds an optimal solution according to the assigned priorities. Day-ahead real time pricing (DA-RTP) and critical peak pricing (CPP) are used for electricity cost calculation. To validate our proposed scheme, simulations are carried out and results show that our proposed scheme efficiently achieves the aforementioned objectives. However, when we perform a comparison with existing schemes, HT outperforms other state-of-the-art schemes (TLBO and EDE) in terms of electricity cost and PAR reduction while minimizing the average waiting time.
On the Synthesis of Monoamides of 18-Crown-6-tetracarboxylic Acid (1997)

The synthesis of monoamides of (R,R,R,R)-18-crown-6-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid via reaction of primary and secondary amines with the crown ether bis-anhydride is explored. One equivalent of benzylamine gave a quantitative yield of a diamide, and the recovered crown ether suffered epimerization. The expected monoamide was prepared via initial partial hydrolysis of the bis-anhydride followed by benzylamine addition. The initial hydrolysis method fails for secondary amines, as nucleophilic attack is not competitive with epimerization. As a consequence, the stereochemical integrity of the starting material is lost and amide ester derivatives of this important framework crown ether are inaccessible by direct refunctionalization.
A Study on the Fire Safety of a Hybrid Composite Train Carbody (2008)

This paper explains fire safety tests of a hybrid composite train carbody with carbon/epoxy sandwich bodyshell and stainless steel underframe. In this study, a large scale mock-up was used to evaluate the fire safety of the composite train carbody. The test was conducted to the bare composite carbody mock-up without interior facilities and the fully equipped one. Tile fire propagation and temperature distribution of the carbon/epoxy bodyshell and the glass phenol interior panels was evaluated under the real fire accident scenario. The test scenario was based on the DaeGu subway fire accident. From the tests, both the surface temperature of the interiors and the composite bodyshell wore lower than tile ignition temperature. In addition, the fire spread along the surface of the interiors and bodyshell was not occurred.
Transistors and tunnel diodes enabled by large-scale MoS2 nanosheets grown on GaN (2017)

We report growth, fabrication, and device results of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based transistors and diodes implemented on a single 2D/3D material platform. The 2D/3D platform consists of a large-area MoS<sub>2</sub> thin film grown on SiO<sub>2</sub>/p-GaN substrates. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the thickness and quality of the as-grown MoS<sub>2</sub> film, showing that the large-area MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheet has a smooth surface morphology constituted by small grains. Starting from the same material, both top-gated MoS<sub>2</sub> field effect transistors and MoS<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>/p-GaN heterojunction diodes were fabricated. The transistors exhibited a high on/off ratio of 10<sup>5</sup>, a subthreshold swing of 74 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>, field effect mobility of 0.17 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, and distinctive current saturation characteristics. For the heterojunction diodes, current-rectifying characteristics were demonstrated with on-state current density of 29 A cm<sup>-2</sup> and a current blocking property up to -25 V without breakdown. The reported transistors and diodes enabled by the same 2D/3D material stack present promising building blocks for constructing future nanoscale electronics.
Role of Microporosity and Nitrogen Functionality on the Surface of Activated Carbon in the Process of Desulfurization of Digester Gas (2008)

Microporous coconut-shell based activated carbon was modified by heating with urea or melamine at 450 and 950 °C. The materials were characterized using adsorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and potentiometric titration to obtain detailed information about surface chemistry and texture. Then they were used as adsorbents of hydrogen sulfide from digester gas where CO2 and CH4 are present in predominant quantities. The experiments were run in dry conditions and with preadsorbed water on the surface. The results revealed the importance of water, which, by its adsorption in small pores, eliminated the adsorption of methane, and thus caused the accessibility of adsorption centers for H2S. That water also helps in H2S dissociation. The introduction of nitrogen groups, which provide basicity needed for hydrogen sulfide dissociation, enhanced significantly the removal process. Since oxygen is not supplied to the system and only that oxygen which is chemisorbed on the surface can be used, elemental sulfur is a predominant product of surface reaction. The importance of nitrogen is in providing basicity, which is not deactivated by the presence of CO2 in the challenge gas.
Batteries: Portable Power for the Future (1995)

Batteries are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. Recent advances in portable electronics, laptop computers, and wireless communications have resulted in a significant growth in the need for small, high energy, reliable power sources.
Imaging Behavior of the Normal Adrenal on Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI: Preliminary Findings (2013)

The normal adrenal loses signal on ferumoxytol-enhanced T2*-weighted MRI. Acute iron deposition within the adrenals has not been previously described. The mechanism of ferumoxytol uptake in the adrenal and potential clinical applications warrant further investigation.
Legionella pneumophila serogroup six: isolation from cases of legionellosis, identification by immunofluorescence staining, and immunological response to infection (1980)

Isolates of Legionella pneumophila that are serologically different from strains of serogroups 1 through 5 were obtained from lung biopsy tissue or pleural fluid from three renal transplant recipients in Chicago, Ill. These strains were placed in a newly designated L. pneumophila serogroup, serogroup 6, on the basis of fluorescent-antibody staining characteristics. An L. pneumophila strain obtained from Bethesda, Md., one from Houston, Tex., and one from Oxford, England, also belong to this new serogroup. L. pneumophila serogroup 6 appears to be widely distributed geographically.
Network Coded Multi-Source Cooperative Communication in BICM-OFDM Networks (2012)

In this paper, we study a cooperative diversity scheme for wireless systems employing network coding and the combination of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The considered system comprises multiple sources, one relay, and one destination. The relay decodes the signal received from all sources and performs network coding before forwarding the signal to the destination. We propose a simple cooperative maximum-ratio combining scheme for the destination which can successfully exploit the full spatial and frequency diversity offered by the channel for arbitrary numbers of sources and arbitrary linear modulation schemes. Furthermore, we propose techniques to reduce the signaling overhead and the decoding complexity at the destination. To gain insight for system design, we derive a closed-form upper bound for the asymptotic worst-case pairwise error probability and the diversity gain of the considered network coded cooperative BICM-OFDM system. These analytical results reveal the influence of various system parameters, including the number of sources, the free distance of the code, and the frequency diversity of the involved links, on performance. Based on the derived analytical results, we develop schemes for optimal relay placement and power allocation. Simulation results corroborate the derived analytical results and confirm the effectiveness of the developed optimization framework.
Abstract 3827: Upregulation of MicroRNA 27a, which Downregulates Retinoid X Receptor{alpha}, Controls Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocyte (2008)

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA that modulates posttranscriptional translation. A growing body of evidence indicates that miRNA is involved in basic cell functions and oncogenesis. To identify a possible functional role of miRNA in the heart, we first suppressed the expression of Dicer, which is required for miRNA biogenesis and function. Lenti-virus-mediated introduction of siRNA against Dicer into neonatal rat cardiomyocytes increased α/β-MHC mRNA expression ratio, in a pattern opposite to that observed in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. To identify miRNAs that regulate α/β-MHC expression in the heart, we performed a miRNA microarray analysis of the heart in a salt-sensitive Dahl rat model. In this model, systemic hypertension caused compensated concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) at the age of 11 weeks, followed by congestive heart failure (CHF) at 17 weeks. We identified several miRNAs that were upregulated at the LVH or CHF stages in the heart of Dahl salt-sensitive rats and overexpressed these miRNAs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by lenti-virus. As a result, miR-27a was found to decrease the α/β-MHC mRNA expression ratio. The computational miRNA target prediction algorithm showed that the target of miR-27a is retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α, which can regulate α/β-MHC transcription. Moreover, when the expression of RXR-α was downregulated by siRNA, the α/β-MHC mRNA expression ratio decreased in the same manner as the overexpression of miR-27a. To study the loss of miR-27a function, we constructed ‘decoy’ genes, which had 3 or 6 tandem complementary sequences of miR-27a at the 3′UTR of luciferase gene under the control of CMV promoter. When miR-27a ‘decoy’ genes were introduced into cardiac myocytes, the α/β-MHC ratio was increased, suggesting that the decoy rescued α/β-MHC mRNA from suppression by miR-27a. These findings demonstrate that upregulation of microRNA-27a, which downregulates retinoid X receptor α, controls α/β-myosin heavy chain gene expression in cardiomyocyte.
Simulating social-ecological systems: the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) consortium (2016)

Systems biology promises to revolutionize medicine, yet human wellbeing is also inherently linked to healthy societies and environments (sustainability). The IDEA Consortium is a systems ecology open science initiative to conduct the basic scientific research needed to build use-oriented simulations (avatars) of entire social-ecological systems. Islands are the most scientifically tractable places for these studies and we begin with one of the best known: Moorea, French Polynesia. The Moorea IDEA will be a sustainability simulator modeling links and feedbacks between climate, environment, biodiversity, and human activities across a coupled marine-terrestrial landscape. As a model system, the resulting knowledge and tools will improve our ability to predict human and natural change on Moorea and elsewhere at scales relevant to management/conservation actions.
Green-adapted spectrophotometric determination of fostemsavir based on selective bromophenol blue extraction; reduction of hazardous consumption using computational calculations (2023)

A computationally-assisted and green spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of fostemsavir, a recently FDA-approved drug used in combination with antiretroviral drugs to treat multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. The method was developed using computational studies and solvent selection based on green chemistry principles. The density functional theory method was employed to identify bromophenol blue as the preferred acid dye for efficient extraction of fostemsavir. The solvent selection process involved a careful evaluation of the green ranking of solvents, which led to the use of water as the solvent. The method involved the extraction of fostemsavir with bromophenol blue to form a yellow ion-pair complex, which exhibited maximally sharp peaks at 418 nm, enabling sensitive visible spectrophotometric determination of fostemsavir in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. The extraction procedures were optimized, and the method was demonstrated to be sensitive over the concentration range of 2-12 μg/mL fostemsavir. Furthermore, the method was evaluated with respect to green chemistry principles using the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical method index, and analytical greenness metric approach, all of which confirmed that the data obtained by the proposed method were environmentally acceptable.
Determination of Optimal Harvest Weight for Mangalica Pigs Using a Serial Harvest Approach to Measure Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics (2022)

Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior pork quality. However, growth and carcass parameters for this breed are poorly documented. To better characterize optimal harvest weights for the Mangalica, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n = 56) were randomly distributed across stratified harvest weights (50, 57, 68, 82, 93, 102, 127 kg) in a completely randomized design. Pigs were fed standard finisher rations with individual daily feed intakes and weekly body weights recorded for all animals. At 24 h postmortem, carcasses were split and ribbed with marbling and loin eye area (LEA) measured at the 10th rib. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. Fat back was separated from the loin and weighed. As expected, live weight significantly increased across the weight class (p < 0.0001). ADG was similar across classes up to 82 kg live weight, before steadily declining with increasing weight class (p < 0.0025). Likewise, feed efficiency did not differ between classes until weights heavier than 82 kg (p < 0.03). LEA significantly increased by class up to 82 kg and then plateaued as harvest weight increased further (p < 0.003). Marbling score significantly increased with increasing weight class up to 102 kg, where they then plateaued (p < 0.04). Fat back dramatically increased across all weight classes (p < 0.0001) despite negligible increases in LEA or marbling after 102 kg. Primal cut weights for the ham (p < 0.0001), loin (p < 0.0001), Boston butt (p < 0.0001), shoulder (p < 0.0001), and belly (p < 0.0001) all significantly increased with increasing live weight though significant fat deposition contributed to this gain. These data suggest an optimal harvest weight occurs between 82 to 102 kg, while offering little objective justification for harvesting Mangalica pigs at heavier live weights.
Ares I-X Post Flight Ignition Overpressure Review (2010)

Ignition Overpressure (IOP) is an unsteady fluid flow and acoustic phenomena caused by the rapid expansion of gas from the rocket nozzle within a ducted launching space resulting in an initially higher amplitude pressure wave. This wave is potentially dangerous to the structural integrity of the vehicle. An in-depth look at the IOP environments resulting from the Ares I-X Solid Rocket Booster configuration showed high correlation between the pre-flight predictions and post-flight analysis results. Correlation between the chamber pressure and IOP transients showed successful acoustic mitigation, containing the strongest IOP waves below the Mobile Launch Pad deck. The flight data allowed subsequent verification and validation of Ares I-X unsteady fluid ducted launcher predictions, computational fluid dynamic models, and strong correlation with historical Shuttle data.
Centralia partial seam CRIP underground coal gasification experiment (1984)

This report describes the result of the partial seam controlled retracting injection point (CRIP) underground coal gasification (UCG) field experiment carried out at the Washington Irrigation and Development Company (WIDCO) Mine near Centralia, Washington, in the fall of 1983. The test was designed to take advantage of the high-wall geometry at the mine and was carried out near the site of the earlier (1981 to 1982) large-block experiments. The primary goals of the experiment were to test the CRIP concept and to further evaluate the site as a potential for the future development of UCG.
Simulation and Interoperability in the Planning Phase of Production Processes (2011)

Interoperability is a progressive issue in the development of holistic production process simulations that are based on stand-alone simulation interconnections. In order to tackle the problem of missing interoperability, the standardization of simulation and model interfaces and transfer protocols can be taken into account. This procedure is endorsed by many organistaions like DIN ISO, IEEE, ASME or SISO and one of the most effective proceedings if a new simulation is developed and if the source code of the used simulations is available as well as changeable. However, as most simulations for a holistic production simulation already exist and as those simulations are usually isolated, high precisely solutions, which have no common interfaces for interconnection, a different approach is needed. The contribution at hand focuses on a framework that provides adaptive interfaces to establish interoperability of stand-alone simulations.
Adhesion of hydroxyapatite crystals to anionic sites on the surface of renal epithelial cells (1997)

Adhesion of microcrystals that nucleate in tubular fluid to the apical surface of renal tubular cells could be a critical step in the formation of kidney stones, 20% of which contain hydroxyapatite (HA). HA crystals bound rapidly to monolayer cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells (BSC-1 line), used to model the surface of the nephron, in a concentration-dependent manner. Adhesion was blocked by diverse polyanions including heparin, pentosan polysulfate, polyaspartate, and polyglutamate, as well as many found in tubular fluid such as chondroitin sulfates A and B, heparan sulfate, citrate, nephrocalcin, and osteopontin. The polycations cetylpyridinium chloride and cationized ferritin, as well as the cationic dyes alcian blue, polyethylenimine, and brilliant blue R, also inhibited adhesion of HA crystals, as did specific lectins including Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ agglutinin). Anions that inhibited adhesion of crystals appeared to act on the crystal surface, whereas cations and lectins exerted their effect on the cell. Treatment of cells with neuraminidase inhibited binding of crystals, suggesting that anionic cell surface sialic acid residues function as HA crystal receptor sites that can be blocked by specific cations or lectins. Adherence of HA crystals to cells of another renal line (MDCK) and, to 3T3 fibroblasts was also inhibited by heparin, polyaspartate, alcian blue, and T vulgaris lectin, suggesting that these crystals bind to analogous molecules on the surface of different types of cells. These results suggests that the structure, quantity, and/or function of soluble anions in tubular fluid, as well as those anchored to the cell surface, could be critical determinants of HA crystal retention in the nephron and the subsequent formation of a renal stone.
Effect of Cephalexin Plus Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole vs Cephalexin Alone on Clinical Cure of Uncomplicated Cellulitis (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00729937.
Clinical Pilot Study of Intense Ultrasound Therapy to Deep Dermal Facial Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues (2007)

In this first clinical study of intense ultrasound therapy to facial tissues, the intense ultrasound system allowed for the safe and well-tolerated placement of targeted, precise, and consistent thermal injury zones in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues with sparing of the epidermis.