gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soldered contact and current risetime effects on negative polarity wire array Z pinches (2009)

The experimental results described in this paper were motivated by earlier, low current, single wire experiments. In these experiments, single 10–25 μm diameter wires were driven by 1–5 kA current pulses with variable dI/dt from 5 to 60 A/ns. The amount of energy deposited in the wires, the expansion rate, and expansion uniformity that occurred before a plasma induced voltage collapse were found to depend on the polarity, dI/dt, and the quality of the contacts between the wires and the electrodes. This paper reports the results of experiments with cylindrical wire arrays driven by Cornell Beam Research Accelerator (COBRA) [J. B. Greenly, J. D. Douglas, D. A. Hammer et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073501 (2008)] current pulses that reached 1 MA. The pulse lengths were varied from 100 to 200 ns. These larger current pulses drove the wires of the array through the initiation phase studied in the single wire experiments and through ablation and Z-pinch implosion to stagnation on the cylindrical axis of the array. Regardless of the current pulse length, the COBRA dI/dt per wire during initiation reached approximately 175 A/ns and resistive voltage breakdown occurred at ∼13 ns. Wire-electrode contacts were modified by soldering the cathode ends of the wires to the brass electrode. With the 100 ns COBRA pulse, voltage monitor data suggested that soldering produced a smaller radius pinch, but bolometer data showed that this did not affect the total energy emitted from the array compared to nonsoldered contacts. With the 200 ns COBRA pulse and soldered contacts, the bolometer data showed an average of 69% increase in time integrated x-ray emission and the photoconducting detector data showed an increase in x-ray power and yield compared with nonsoldered contacts. Under these same conditions the four-frame extreme ultraviolet images showed a more pronounced “Christmas tree” effect at the cathode.
Construction of Human Genetic Linkage Maps: I. Progress and Perspectives (1986)

Human genetics offers opportunities to the molecular biologist through the thousands of subtle genetic variants that have been detailed by thoughtful clinicians. These variants, called mutants in other systems, can provide important insights into the workings of complex biochemical and developmental systems. Some of these insights are reflected in the dramatic progress now taking place in the analysis of developmental mutants in Drosophila; in the human, a good example is the light shed on cell receptor and uptake systems by Brown and Goldstein in their analysis of mutations affecting the LDL receptor pathway (Goldstein et al. 1985). The use of mutational variants to provide insight into the workings of complex biochemical and developmental pathways is a classic theme in genetics.
Rare Earth Nickel Oxides (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRare Earth Nickel OxidesAaron Wold, Benjamin Post, and Ephraim BanksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 18, 4911–4913Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01575a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01575a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1190Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimizing Irrigation of Fresh Market Tomato Grown in the Mid-Atlantic United States (2013)

Determining irrigation requirements for fresh market tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) production is essential to obtain optimum yields, cost-effective water use, and minimize nitrate leaching. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate irrigation rate for polyethylene-mulched fresh market tomato grown in Virginia. This study investigated irrigation regimes by applying water based on evapotranspiration (ET) calculations in three spring and three fall seasons. Plants were grown using 0.0 × ET, 0.5 × ET, 1.0 × ET, 1.5 × ET, and 2.0 × ET. Additional irrigation treatments involved tensiometers installed at 12-inch depth in the bed, programmed to irrigate at soil moisture set points of −20, −40, and −60 kPa. Tensiometer treatments were able to irrigate up to nine times per day if soil moisture fell below the designated moisture set point. Measurements included fruit yield, plant and fruit nitrogen (N) uptake, and inorganic soil nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) at 0 to 10-, 10 to 20-, and 20 to 30-inch depths. Overall, the 0.5 × ET treatment provided optimum yields in all growing seasons except Spring 2010, which was unseasonably hot and dry. A tensiometer treatment (−40 kPa) provided optimum yields in all growing seasons, and was able to adjust irrigation in a hot and dry season. Residual soil NO 3 -N at 0 to 10 inches generally exhibited an inverse relationship with yield; greater yields resulted in less residual soil NO 3 -N. In most treatments throughout the duration of this study, plant N uptake + fruit N uptake accounted for most of the N fertilizer applied (68% to 151%). In conclusion, an irrigation rate of 0.5 × ET and a tensiometer treatment (−40 kPa) provided minimal irrigation inputs to obtain optimum marketable yields while also minimizing residual soil nitrate that may be prone to leaching after the season.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (2009)

We aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (n=75) strains, to study their antibiotic resistance genes with microarray, and to assess the microbiological cut-off values of tested antimicrobial agents. L. rhamnosus strains were tested with agar dilution, broth microdilution and Etest methods for ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline using specific LSM medium. Most of the L. rhamnosus strains were found phenotypically susceptible to all six antibiotics tested. Four of the strains were phenotypically multiresistant, three strains to clindamycin, erythromycin and streptomycin and one strain to streptomycin and tetracycline. Some of the resistant (n=8) and susceptible (n=5) strains were further studied with a microarray method to reveal the antibiotic resistance genes behind the phenotypic resistances. From our experience, we recommend that microbiological cut-off values should be proposed according to the method used.
Development of Optical Measuring Equipment for Diameter of Small and Deep Hole. (1996)

The equipment which measures a diameter of small and deep hole whose aspect ratio is about 80 has been developed. The light projected to a specimen makes a small spot in a small hole. The position of wall in a hole is recognized by detecting an image of small spot reflected at the wall. Taking a ferrule (the hole diameter=125.0-126.0μm, the length=10mm) which is used for optical connector as a specimen, the hole diameter at a height of 5 mm from the end is measured using this equipment. The measured diameters are in the region of 125.8-126.1μm. The true value of diameters are in the region of 125.9-126.0μm. Therefore, the measuring errors are within ±0.2μm.
L'accélérateur d'électrons picoseconde ELYSE à Orsay (2003)

Avec le projet ELYSE, un groupe de physico-chimistes de l'Universit d'Orsay Paris-Sud a propos la communaut scientifique franaise de se doter d'une nouvelle plate-forme permettant des tudes de cintiques rapides au moyen des techniques complmentaires de radiolyse pulse et de photolyse laser. L'acclrateur d'lectrons, de type photodclench, est prvu pour dlivrer des impulsions d'lectrons de moins de 5 picosecondes avec une nergie comprise entre 5 et 9 MeV. Les photoelectrons sont gnrs au moyen d'un laser picoseconde synchronis. On dcrit les diffrentes performances de l'appareil, aprs l'obtention du premier faisceau d'lectrons le 15 mars 2002, ainsi que les applications envisages, plus particulirement en radiolyse pulse.
Tumor Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer: What Do We Know So Far? (2018)

Colorectal cancer is not one disease but rather a collection of neoplastic diseases. Due to heterogeneity in the disease biology, therapy response, and prognosis, extensive disease stratification is required. Therefore, TNM stage, microsatellite status, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and other parameters are assessed in the pathology report to indicate the extent and prognosis of the disease. The mutation status of KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS is also investigated in a metastatic context to predict the response to anti-EGFR therapy. Recently, 4 distinct molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer have been described that have both prognostic and therapeutic relevance. In addition, characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate revealed major differences in the amount and location of inflammatory cells in distinct colorectal tumor types. Together, all of these parameters help to stratify patients into different therapeutic and prognostic subgroups. However, this stratification is not unambiguous since tumors often display intratumoral heterogeneity, whereby several subpopulations within one tumor show differences in morphology, inflammatory infiltrate, mutational status, or gene expression profile. This article gives an overview of all of the current known data with regard to tumor heterogeneity at both inter- and intratumoral levels.
Laser Systems for Livermore's Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray Source (2011)

A Mono-energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGa-Ray) source, based on Compton scattering of a high-intensity laser beam off a highly relativistic electron beam, requires highly specialized laser systems. To minimize the bandwidth of the gamma-ray beam, the scattering laser must have minimal bandwidth, but also match the electron beam depth of focus in length. This requires a ~1 J, 10 ps, fourier-transform-limited laser system. Also required is a high-brightness electron beam, best provided by a photoinjecto r. This electron source in turn requires a second laser system with stringent requirements on the beam including flat transverse and longitudinal profiles and fast rise times. Furthermore, these systems must be synchronized to each other with ps-scale acc uracy. Using a novel hyper-dispersion compressor configuration, advanced fiber amplifiers, and diode-pumped Nd:YAG amplifiers, we have designed laser systems that meet these challenges for the x-band photoinjector and Compton-scattering source being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Development and Evaluation of a Landmark‐Based Method to Estimate Displacements and Strains in Soft Tissues Imaged During an Impact Using Ultrafast Ultrasound (2016)

Abstract Ultrafast ultrasound imaging allows observing the internal response of soft tissues subjected to impacts. However, the limited image quality and the large deformations associated with such loading make the generation of displacement and strain maps difficult. This study describes a new automatic method to estimate the 2D displacements and strains based on an existing tracking algorithm combined with filtering, regression and integration steps. The predictions were assessed using four test cases: (1) Predicted displacements were compared with expert tracking from past tests, (2) predicted displacements and strains were compared with the known field used to deform numerically an image, (3) internal strains predicted based on ultrafast ultrasound were compared with strains provided by digital image correlation on nearby external surfaces, and (4) for almost noise‐free images that contain random patterns, predicted strains were compared with results provided by a commercial digital image correlation software package. The results are promising, in particular for 2D displacements and, to some extent, for filtered strain. This suggests that the method could be useful to interpret ultrafast ultrasound data collected for application in impact biomechanics.
Fabrication of perfusable vasculatures by using micromolding and electrochemical cell transfer (2013)

Fabrication of vascular networks for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients is a critical issue when engineering 3-dimensional tissues and organs. This study describes an approach that involves micromolding and electrochemical cell transfer and can be employed to fabricate endothelial cell-lined vascular-like structures that are precisely aligned at micrometer intervals in a photocrosslinkable gelatin hydrogel. Subsequent perfusion culture induces the migration and sprouting of endothelial cells in the hydrogel and facilitates luminal structure formation.
The role of electron affinity in advancing the electrical performance of n-type semiconducting polymers (Conference Presentation) (2022)

Three n-type semiconducting polymers, P-0, P-50, and P-75 are investigated, in which the lactone group density were maximized by increasing the benzene content from 0% benzene (P-0), to 50% (P-50), and 75% (P-75), to enable co-planar polymers with deep-lying LUMO energy level. As a result, the polymer of P-75 exhibits a good polaron stability in air, allowing a high performing organic thermoelectrics with electrical conductivities (σ) of up to 12 S cm−1 and high power factor (PF) up to 13.2 μWm−1 K−2. These results suggest the significance of chemical design and provide new guidelines towards high performing n-type OTE devices.
Mimics of ganglioside GM1 as cholera toxin ligands: replacement of the GalNAc residueElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthetic details, product characterisations and full NOE contact list. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b2/b210503a/ (2003)

Two new cholera toxin (CT) ligands (4 and 5) are described. The new ligands were designed starting from the known GM1 mimics 2 and 3 by replacement of their GalNAc residue with the C4 isomer GlcNAc. As predicted by molecular modelling, the conformational properties of the equivalent pairs 2-4 and 3-5 are very similar and their affinity for CT is of the same order of magnitude. NMR experiments have also proved that 5 occupies the GM1-binding site of the toxin and have revealed its bound conformation.
I/O virtualization (2011)

Decoupling a logical device from its physical implementation offers many compelling advantages.
Pocket computers ignite OS battle (1998)

Not content with dominating the market for desktop computer operating systems, Microsoft is now involved in a struggle for what could be an even bigger business-the real-time system software required by handhelds, set-top devices, and car PCs. In future, access to information over the Internet will be basic to most if not all applications. Adding support for Web access into the operating system is logical when it is viewed as a basic input/output function, and the size of the operating system is not an issue. But the general-purpose operating system, although bound to assimilate the naturally related browser technology, is not itself assimilable into some up-and-coming consumer areas. The technology of desktop Windows is inadequate for such new devices as hand-held and palm computers, Web-telephones, Web-to-TV set-top boxes, and automobile PCs. Accordingly, Microsoft's latest target is the need of these novel consumer electronic items for a real-time operating system (RTOS)-its home-grown Windows CE. The author discusses the competition between Microsoft and others in this new market.
A Sensor Array for the Measurement of Relative Motion in Lower Limb Prosthetic Sockets (2019)

The relative motion between residual limb and prosthetic socket could be a relevant factor in quantifying socket fit. The measurement of these movements, particularly in dynamic gait situations, poses a challenging task. This paper presents the realization of a measurement concept based on multiple optical 2D-motion sensors. The performance of the system was evaluated on a test rig considering accuracy and precision as well as accomplished measurement frequency and reliability of the system. Additionally, results of a pilot study measuring the relative motion between residual limb and prosthetic socket at seven specific locations of one individual with transtibial amputation during straight level walking are presented. The sensor functionality of the array was confirmed and the test rig experiments were comparable to the previously tested functional model ( e r r rel = 0.52 ± 1.87 %). With a sampling frequency of 1.3 kHz to be distributed among the number of sensor units, the developed system is suitable for investigating the relative movement between residual limb and prosthetic socket in dynamic gait situations. Results of the pilot study show the majority of relative motion occurring during the second half of the gait cycle. The measured relative motions show the residual limb sinking deeper into the socket, extending in the Sagittal plane and rotating internally in the Transverse plane during stance phase. Data captured during swing phase indicate a lower limb extension in the Sagittal plane as well as an external rotation in the Transverse plane.
On the role of electronic and steric factors upon the formation of Meisenheimer-type adducts (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the role of electronic and steric factors upon the formation of Meisenheimer-type adductsGiuliano Baldini, Giancarlo Doddi, Gabriello Illuminati, and Franco StegelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 12, 2153–2157Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00874a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00874a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wireless Light-emitting Marker Using Magnetic Field Resonance for Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery (2021)

We have developed an innovative, radiation-free and reliable light-emitting marker system that uses a magnetic field resonance mechanism that emits four colors of light during laparoscopic surgery.
ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL - AN INDUSTRY OUTLOOK ON PRODUCT FEATURES AND MARKETING (1997)

Transportation Department, Washington, D.C.
Metadata enrichment for news video retrieval (2013)

This paper summarizes our contribution to the Technicolor Rich Multimedia Retrieval from Input Videos Grand Challenge. We hold the view that semantic analysis of a given news video is best performed in the text domain. Starting with a noisy text obtained from applying Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), a graph-based approach is then used to enrich the text by propagating labels from visually similar videos culled from parallel (YouTube) News sources. From the enriched text, we next extract salient keywords to form a query to a news video search engine, retrieving a larger corpus of related news video. Compared to a baseline method that only uses the ASR text, significant improvement in precision has been obtained, indicating that retrieval has benefited from the ingestion of the external labels. Capitalizing on the enriched metadata, we find that videos are more amenable to the Wikipedia-based Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), resulting in better support for subtopic news video retrieval. We apply our methods to an in-house live news search portal, and report on several best practices.
Cellular Communication with Randomly Placed Distributed Antennas (2007)

A cellular distributed antenna system with randomly located distributed antenna elements (AEs) and mobile users is considered. The AEs are connected to the base station via an offline dedicated link (such as fiber optics or line-of- sight RF). A user is served by selecting the AE with the best channel to it (often the closest one). The outage probability is derived for both AE selection and user selection individually for an isolated cell, and shown to decrease exponentially with the number of AEs and users. Due to selection diversity, fading and shadowing typically are desirable effects that decrease the likelihood of outage. In a more general setup - with multiple distributed antennas and both AE selection and user selection - the outage probability decreases exponentially with the number of users but not with the number of AEs. Due to diminishing returns, there is no need to deploy more AEs than a certain extent, which is determined by the transmit power of AEs. With a sufficient number of AEs, randomly deployed AEs can provide nearly the same performance as regularly deployed AEs, and both have a common outage probability floor which is determined by user density.
Cross-VM side channels and their use to extract private keys (2012)

This paper details the construction of an access-driven side-channel attack by which a malicious virtual machine (VM) extracts fine-grained information from a victim VM running on the same physical computer. This attack is the first such attack demonstrated on a symmetric multiprocessing system virtualized using a modern VMM (Xen). Such systems are very common today, ranging from desktops that use virtualization to sandbox application or OS compromises, to clouds that co-locate the workloads of mutually distrustful customers. Constructing such a side-channel requires overcoming challenges including core migration, numerous sources of channel noise, and the difficulty of preempting the victim with sufficient frequency to extract fine-grained information from it. This paper addresses these challenges and demonstrates the attack in a lab setting by extracting an ElGamal decryption key from a victim using the most recent version of the libgcrypt cryptographic library.