gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Analysis of a Polymer Protecting from Luminal Enzymatic Degradation Caused by α-Chymotrypsin (1997)

We have been developing a modified polymer which protects inserted peptide and protein drugs from chymotrypsinic degradation. A trypsin-chymotiypsin-inhibitor was covalently bound to a bioadhesive polymer (poly (acrylic acid)) by a condensation reaction of the available amino groups of the inhibitor with the carboxyl groups of the polymer. The inhibition of α-chymotrypsin by the isolated conjugate was determined by an enzyme assay using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester as substrate. It had an inhibitory effect of 2.4 CIU (= chymotrypsin inhibiting units) per mg. The protective effect was also evaluated in a drug delivery system containing 5% of this modified polymer. Under physiological α-chymotrypsin concentrations it demonstrated, in lateral parts of the carrier matrix, the remaining of 71.4% ± 14.3% (means of three experiments; ± S.D.) of undigested inserted test-protein (β-galactosidase) afer 7 hr of incubation at 37 ± 0.5°C. Samples from the center of the matrix did not show any digestion of the protein. On the other hand a complete digestion in lateral parts and the remaining of only 67% ± 14.4% of undigested test-protein in the center, could be observed by the same delivery system without the conjugate. Because of this verified protective effect and the possibility to exclude toxic side effects of the inhibitor by immobilization, the system described here seems to be an important step towards a successful peroral (poly)peptide drug administration.
Role of Costimulation in the Induction of the IL-12/IL-12 Receptor Pathway and the Development of Autoimmunity (2000)

Costimulation mediated by the interactions of the B7 Ags (CD80/CD86) on APC with CD28 on the responding T cell regulates the magnitude of the immune response and may influence Th1/Th2 development. The IL-12Rbeta2 subunit plays a critical role in maintaining IL-12 responsiveness and controlling Th1 lineage commitment. We demonstrate that IL-2 and IL-12 resulting from CD28/B7 interactions both play a critical role in the induction of expression of the IL-12Rbeta2 subunit and as a result the differentiation of pathogenic autoreactive effector cells. These findings suggest that targeting IL-2 and IL-12 simultaneously may be effective in the treatment of Th1-mediated autoimmunity.
Ultrasound contrast imaging based on a novel algorithm combined pulse inversion with wavelet transform (2008)

In this paper, a novel ultrasound contrast imaging method which combines the pulse-inversion technique with wavelet transform is proposed in order to enhance the contrast between bubbles and surrounding tissues. Wavelet transform is utilized to analyze the correlation between mother wavelet and received echoes from a pair of inverted transmit pulses respectively. In order to obtain better correlation, a new mother wavelet named ldquoBubble waveletrdquo is constructed according to the modified Herring equation. Radio frequency (RF) data were acquired from a modified digital diagnostic ultrasound system. Experiments were performed on an ultrasonic flow phantom and results showed that the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) was improved by 6.4-16.0 dB depending on types of mother wavelet, scales and depths, compared to that obtained using pulse-inversion-based second-harmonic imaging. Experiments in vivo were also conducted out using kidneys of rabbits and results showed that signals of surrounding tissues can be well suppressed compared to that of bubbles. By using Bubble wavelet, the CTR is improved by up to 9.6 dB relative to Morlet wavelet and Mexican Hat wavelet under the same conditions in experiments. Further improvements might be achieved with optimized bubble wavelet which can describe the scattering echoes of the bubbles more accurately.
The leukotriene receptors as therapeutic targets of inflammatory diseases (2019)

Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid. LTs include the di-hydroxy acid LT (LTB4) and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4), all of which are involved in both acute and chronic inflammation. We and other groups identified a high-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1; the LTC4 and LTD4 receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2; and the LTE4 receptor, GPR99. Pharmacological studies have shown that BLT1 signaling stimulates degranulation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of neutrophils, whereas CysLT1 and CysLT2 signaling induces airway inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Recently, we and other groups suggested that the LTB4-BLT1 axis and the cysteinyl LTs-CysLT1/2 axis are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, obesity, cancer and age-related macular degeneration using animal models for disease and gene knockout mice. This review describes the classical and novel functions of LTs and their receptors in several inflammatory diseases and discusses the potential clinical applications of antagonists for LT receptors and inhibitors of LT biosynthesis.
In-depth quantitative analysis and comparison of the human hepatocyte and hepatoma cell line HepG2 proteomes (2016)

Hepatocytes play a pivotal role in human homeostasis. They are essential in regulation of glucose and lipid levels in blood and play a central role in metabolism of amino acids, lipids, drugs and xenobiotic-compounds. In addition, hepatocytes produce a major portion of proteins circulating in the blood. Hepatocytes were isolated from liver tissue obtained from surgical resections. Proteins were extracted and processed using filter aided sample preparation protocol and were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using high accuracy mass spectrometry. Proteins were quantified by the 'Total Protein Approach' and 'Proteomic Ruler'. We report a comprehensive proteomic analysis of purified human hepatocytes and the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The complete dataset comprises 9400 proteins and provides a comprehensive and quantitative depiction of the proteomes of hepatocytes and HepG2 cells at the protein titer and copy number dimensions. We describe basic cell organization and in detail energy metabolism pathways and metabolite transport. We provide quantitative insights into protein synthesis and drug and xenobiotics catabolism. Our data delineate differences between the native human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells by providing for the first time quantitative data at protein concentrations and copy numbers.
Displacement ofBiomphalaria glabrataby the snailThiara graniferain field habitats in St. Lucia, West Indies (1983)

Thiara granifera is a melaniid snail capable of maintaining very high densities in a variety of habitats. It has been introduced into the New World from the Far East and is now spreading rapidly throughout the Caribbean. In Puerto Rico and Dominica casual observations following natural invasion by T. granifera suggest that it may exert a powerful restraining influence on populations of Biomphalaria glabrata, the major intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in the Caribbean. The potential of T. granifera in biological control is being investigated in St. Lucia. In four field trials, B. glabrata was apparently eliminated from marshes and streams six to 22 months after the introduction of T. granifera. Thiara granifera shows promise as a major factor in the suppression of schistosomiasis in the Caribbean, but it is unsuitable for universal use as it is an intermediate host of the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani.
Comparative Critical Study of Commercial Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes in Terms of Physic-Chemical Properties (2013)

Physico-chemical characteristics impact directly or indirectly the bioactive properties of biomaterials, it is then essential to correlate it with their effect in vivo . A panel of biomaterials available on the market, based on Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is studied in terms of surface area, hydrophilicity, porosity, zeta potential, crystalline phases and density. This study highlights the dispersity of commercial calcium phosphates (CaP) properties, and demonstrates how the quality criteria required for such bone substitute based on biomimicry concept, whose pores distribution is certainly the more relevant, are often incompletely or not respected according to literature.
The Selection of the Monitored-Set for QoS Collection Based on Device-Agent (2010)

The requirement of QoE is gradually increasing currently. Simultaneously, as the intermedium between the users and network, devices support collecting several QoS parameters which could predict expected QoE for users. However, a large quantity of mobile devices will become the obstacle for the QoS collection due to the costs of collection traffic. To solve it, this paper proposes a framework for collecting QoS based on Device-Agent. And the paper focuses on the Monitored-Set selecting from a large quantity of devices. The Clustering Monitored-Set Selection Model integrates the location of devices, the network topology and the relationship between devices into solving the problem of Monitored-Set selection. At last, the model is verified via simulation and the result analysis is given in this paper.
New insight into mechanisms of pruritus from molecular studies on familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (2009)

Macular and lichen amyloidosis are common variants of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) in which clinical features of pruritus and skin scratching are associated with histological findings of deposits of amyloid staining on keratinous debris in the papillary dermis. Most cases are sporadic, but an autosomal dominant family history may be present in up to 10% of cases, consistent with a genetic predisposition in some individuals. Familial PLCA has been mapped to a locus on 5p13.1-q11.2 and in 2008 pathogenic heterozygous missense mutations were identified in the OSMR gene, which encodes oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRbeta), an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine receptor. OSMRbeta is expressed in various cell types, including keratinocytes, cutaneous nerves and nociceptive neurones in dorsal root ganglia; its ligands are oncostatin M and IL-31. All pathogenic mutations are clustered in the fibronectin-III repeat domains of the extracellular part of OSMRbeta, sites that are critical for receptor dimerization (with either gp130 or IL-31RA), and lead to defective signalling through Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt pathways. Elucidating the molecular pathology of familial PLCA provides new insight into mechanisms of pruritus in human skin, findings that may have relevance to developing novel treatments for skin itching. This review provides a clinicopathological and molecular update on familial PLCA.
Effects of alloying elements on the toughness of carburized case. (1986)

Effects of alloying elements on the toughness of 0.8%C-0.7%Mn-1%Cr steel which simulate the case of widely used carburizing steel SCr 420 were studied. The application of 0.8%C steels is advantageous for evaluating effects of the alloys on the crack initiation resistance without being influenced by core properties.The transition temperature of this steel was proved to be 150°C, and it was lowered by adding Ni, Mo, but raised by Mn adding. With increasing of Ni, Mo and Cr contents, Charpy impact energy and fracture toughness at room temperature increased, on the other hand, Mn addition showed the opposite tendency. Fracture surfaces were composed of intergranular and transgranular modes, and intergranular fracture ratio reduced with improvement of toughness. It seemed, therefore, that the toughness of high carbon layer of carburized case was controlled by the intergranular strength.Each alloying element was found to influence the case toughness through mechanical and metallurgical factors such as hardness, austenite grain size and retained austenite content. Among them, austenite grain size seemed to show the primary effect. Steels with finer grain reduced the intergranular fracture ratio and resulted in high toughness. Furthermore, when transgranular mode was dominant retained austenite was considered to contribute to high toughness.
Determination of cations distribution in Mn[subscript 3]O[subscript 4] by anomalous x-ray powder diffraction (2010)

The oxidation states of Mn at two different crystallographic sites in the distorted spinel structure of Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} were determined by the approach of anomalous synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. The real parts of anomalous scattering factors for the two Mn sites were refined from a series of powder diffraction patterns collected at the vicinity of K absorption edge of Mn. The results of Rietveld refinements showed that the two distinct cation sites can obviously be distinguished from each other and that Mn{sup 2+} ions occupy the tetrahedral site and Mn{sup 3+} ions are located at the octahedral site.
Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules: Life Cycle Assessment of Pre-industrial Production Process (2018)

Photovoltaic devices based on perovskite materials have a great potential to become an exceptional source of energy while preserving the environment. However, to enter the global market, they require further development to achieve the necessary performance requirements. The environmental performance of a pre-industrial process of production of a large-area carbon stack perovskite module is analyzed in this work through life cycle assessment (LCA). From the pre-industrial process an ideal process is simulated to establish a benchmark for pre-industrial and laboratory-scale processes. Perovskite is shown to be the most harmful layer of the carbon stack module because of the energy consumed in the preparation and annealing of the precursor solution, and not because of its Pb content. This work stresses the necessity of decreasing energy consumption during module preparation as the most effective way to reduce environmental impacts of perovskite solar cells.
Intracellular pH measurement using single excitation-dual emission fluorescence ratios (1990)

In the present paper, laser spectroscopy was used to evaluate the utility of a new fluorochrome, carboxyseminaphthorhodafluor-1 (Snarf-1), for single excitation-dual emission ratio measurement of intracellular pH (pHi). The emission spectrum of Snarf-1 showed clear pH-dependent shifts, and emission ratios calculated from the 640 and 587 nm maxima were a sensitive indicator of pH. When irradiated in Cunningham chambers, solutions of Snarf-1 were rapidly bleached, and at pH 7.3 or higher, this bleaching led to a decrease in the 640/587 nm emission ratio. These ratio changes were also observed in intracellular measurements on lens embryonic epithelial cells under conditions in which the entrapped dye was rapidly bleached. As the laser dosage was reduced (by increasing the step size between sample points), bleaching could be reduced to very low levels, and under these conditions, the ratio remained constant. Snarf-1 loaded into lens epithelial explants was calibrated intracellularly using nigericin. Intracellular calibration curves were shifted to more alkaline values than in vitro curves. Intracellular calibration allowed estimates of pHi that were in reasonable agreement with previously published values for lens tissue. Potential artifacts arising from differential photobleaching and intracellular-in vitro calibration are discussed.
Nonlinear Dynamic Effects of Damping Washers on the Performance of Automatic Ball Balancers in Optical Disc Drives (2006)

Article Nonlinear Dynamic Effects of Damping Washers on the Performance of Automatic Ball Balancers in Optical Disc Drives was published on September 1, 2006 in the journal International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation (volume 7, issue 3).
Letter to the Editor Self-organized criticality of wildfires ecologically revisited (2001)

Wildfire cumulative frequency–area distributions of Mediterranean landscapes are examined for agreement with self-similar (fractal) behavior. Our results support landscape-specific restricted scaling regions of 1.5–3.5 orders of magnitude in size, which are delimited by breakpoints or ‘cut-offs’. By identifying the extent of such regions in the fractal frequency–area distribution of wildfires, fractal statistics may give a deeper insight into the scale-invariant dynamics of fire spread, whereas the observed cut-offs may be related to changes in the process–pattern interactions that control wildfire propagation at the landscape scale. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A novel intra prediction framework for H.264/AVC using macroblock-groups with optimized prediction order (2009)

In H.264/AVC, there is only one fixed prediction order, raster scan order, for macroblocks (MBs) to perform intra prediction. In this paper, a novel intra prediction framework for H.264/AVC using macroblock-groups with optimized prediction order is proposed. A 33 MB-group is introduced to be coded as a unit in intra prediction. Eight candidate prediction orders are chosen to perform intra prediction for MBs in one 33 MB-group. To utilize the processing power of many-core hardware platforms, original frame pixels are adopted as intra predictors and SATD (Sum of Absolute Transformed Difference) as criteria when calculating the optimized prediction order for one 33 MB-group. The optimized prediction order with the lowest SATD of 33 MB-group is applied to perform actual intra prediction. Experimental results show an average of 3.2% BD bit-rate reduction in intra frame coding, while complexity is only slightly increased for many-core platforms.
Passive microwave observation of diurnal surface soil moisture (1997)

Microwave radiometers operating at low frequencies are sensitive to surface soil moisture changes. Few studies have been conducted that have involved multifrequency observations at frequencies low enough to measure a significant soil depth and not be attenuated by the vegetation cover. Another unexplored aspect of microwave observations at low frequencies has been the impact of diurnal variations of the soil moisture and temperature on brightness temperature. In this investigation, observations were made using a dual frequency radiometer (1.4 and 2.65 GHz) over bare soil and corn for extended periods in 1994. Comparisons of emissivity and volumetric soil moisture at four depths for bare soils showed that there was a clear correspondence between the 1 cm soil moisture and the 2.65-GHz emissivity and between the 3-5 cm soil moisture and the 1.4-GHz emissivity, which confirms previous studies. Observations during drying and rainfall demonstrate that new and unique information for hydrologic and energy balance studies can be extracted from these data.
Elektrophile aromatische Substitutionsreaktionen mit protonierten 1,3‐Diazinen, II. Darstellung und Eigenschaften 4‐arylsubstituierter 3,4‐Dihydrochinazolin‐Derivate (1979)

Abstract Bei Gegenwart von Trifluoressigsäure (TFE) reagieren Chinazolin und 2‐Methylchinazolin mit einem weiten Spektrum aromatischer Verbindungen zu stabilen 4‐arylsubstituierten 3,4‐Dihydro‐chinazoliniumsalzen, z. B. 2, 3 , aus denen sich die zugrunde liegende Dihydrobase 4 erhalten läßt, die ihrerseits zu 4‐arylsubstituierten Chinazolinen 5, 6 oxidiert werden kann. Im Fall besonders reaktiver Aromaten (z. B. Indol) läßt sich TFE vorteilhaft durch Eisessig oder Ameisensäure ersetzen. Auch eine Reihe CH‐acider Verbindungen reagiert in TFE mit Chinazolin.
Mechanistic Studies of Deoxygenation of Steroidal Ring-D 16,17-Ketols with Trimethylsilyl Iodide. (1999)

Deoxygenation reaction of steroidal 16, 17-ketols 1, 2 and 6 as well as their silyl ethers 3 and 7 and 16- and 17-iodoketone analogs 11, 12, and 14 with trimethylsilyl iodide (TMSI) or HI under various conditions was examined. The results indicate that the deoxygenation producing 16- and 17-ketones 9 and 8 proceeds through multiple reaction pathways; a direct iodination of a siloxy group of the ketol silyl ethers by iodide ion to give the iodoketones (path b), addition of TMSI to a carbonyl group of the ketol silyl ethers to yield diiodo derivatives 22 and 23 through iodo-bis-TMS compounds 20 and 21 (path a), and cleavage of ether bond of dimers 15-18 initially produced are, at least, involved. In these sequences, rearrangement of the 16-ketols 1 and 2 to the 17β-ketol 6 also plays a significant role. The yields of the ketones 9 and 8 and their relative amounts would be dependent on the relative importance of each pathway in the reaction.
2P fluorescence imaging of hippocampal neurons in mice using hollow core fiber based endoscopes (2022)

International audience
Normal content of brain spectrin‐like protein in sph/sph mice (1984)

In the erythrocytes of WBB6F1-sph/sph mice spectrin constitutes only approximately 1% of the total sph/sph membrane protein compared to approximately 23% in WBB6F1-+/+ controls. No increase in proteolytic degradation of spectrin in sph/sph erythrocyte membranes could be detected with antibodies directed against mouse erythrocyte spectrin or mouse brain spectrin-like protein. As attachment of normal spectrin to the erythrocyte membrane of these animals appeared to be normal, and as spectrin is not detected when whole sph/sph erythrocytes are solubilized in SDS for SDS PAGE, the deficient erythrocyte spectrin was probably due to diminished production. Brain spectrin-like protein, a nonerythroid spectrin analogue, is antigenically, morphologically and functionally related to erythrocyte spectrin, but appears by peptide mapping analysis to be a distinct gene product. It was found by protein- and antibody-staining of brain membranes to be present in normal concentrations in sph/sph animals. Indirect immunofluorescence of mouse brain tissue with anti-brain spectrin-like protein IgG or anti-erythrocyte spectrin IgG indicated that the distribution of brain spectrin-like protein was normal in sph/sph brain. Therefore the mutation causing diminished production of sph/sph erythrocyte spectrin does not affect the expression of this nonerythroid spectrin analogue.
Single and dual multi-sensor channel characterization in indoor and campus environments at 5GHz (2001)

International audience
<title>Cold hibernated elastic memory (CHEM) self-deployable structures</title> (1999)

Experiments have confirmed the feasibility of an innovative, new class of very simple, reliable, low mass, low packaging volume, and low-cost self-deployable structures for space and commercial applications. The concept called 'cold hibernated elastic memory' (CHEM) utilizes shape memory polymers (SMP) in open cellular (foam) structures. The SMP foam materials are under development by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). The CHEM structures are described here and their major advantages are identified over other expandable/deployable structures. In preliminary proof- of-concept investigation conducted on SMP foams, all evaluation/test results were very encouraging and confirmed the basic characteristics of CHEM structures. The main objective of this program is to develop and validate the CHEM structure technology for most promising space applications. However, possible terrestrial commercial applications are also anticipated and described in this paper as well.