gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Investigation of heat transfer in micromirrors</title> (1999)

Heat transfer mechanisms in electrostatically actuated torsion mirrors are dominated by heat conduction in the torsion springs and the air gap between mirror plate and driving electrodes and by convection above the mirror. The maximum optical power rate capability of micromirrors strongly depends on the reflectivity of the mirror surface and of the heat transfer out of the mirror plate. The results provide important knowledge since increased mirror temperature influences its optical parameters like flatness and roughness, the dynamical system behavior or even damages the reflective layer. This paper deals with investigations of the heat transfer by conduction and convection. The cumulative heat resistance of micromirrors is calculated using analytical formulas and by means of finite element modeling. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data. A thermographic imaging system and electrical heating is used to measure the thermal decay function which evaluates the resistance at known capacitance. It can be deduced that an optical power of several Watt can be steered by micromirrors.
Prolonged neutropenia resulting from antibodies to neutrophil‐specific antigen NB1 following marrow transplantation (1993)

Marrow graft failure is a significant cause of morbidity following bone marrow transplantation. A case is reported of marrow graft failure due to neutrophil antibodies. A 13-year-old girl with a large granular lymphocytosis and chronic neutropenia was treated with granulocyte transfusions prior to undergoing a transplant with bone marrow from a partially matched, unrelated donor. Following the transplant, a bone marrow biopsy showed engraftment of donor myeloid cells, but the recipient remained neutropenic. Testing of the serum for neutrophil antibodies found that the recipient's serum had a high-titer neutrophil antibody. Immunoprecipitation studies using the marrow recipient's serum and 125I surface-labeled neutrophils showed that the antibody reacted to the neutrophil-specific antigen NB1. Phenotyping of neutrophils from the marrow donor found that they expressed NB1 antigen, and, in a crossmatch assay, the recipient's serum reacted with donor neutrophils. Despite treatment with granulocyte-macrophage--colony-stimulating factor, the marrow transplant recipient remained neutropenic and died of polymicrobial sepsis and aspergillosis 38 days after the transplant. The presence of high-titer antibodies to neutrophil-specific antigen NB1 in this patient following transplant likely prevented the recovery of her peripheral blood neutrophils and contributed to her death.
Representational efficiency outweighs action efficiency in human program induction. (2018)

The importance of hierarchically structured representations for tractable planning has long been acknowledged. However, the questions of how people discover such abstractions and how to define a set of optimal abstractions remain open. This problem has been explored in cognitive science in the problem solving literature and in computer science in hierarchical reinforcement learning. Here, we emphasize an algorithmic perspective on learning hierarchical representations in which the objective is to efficiently encode the structure of the problem, or, equivalently, to learn an algorithm with minimal length. We introduce a novel problem-solving paradigm that links problem solving and program induction under the Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework. Using this task, we target the question of whether humans discover hierarchical solutions by maximizing efficiency in number of actions they generate or by minimizing the complexity of the resulting representation and find evidence for the primacy of representational efficiency.
UV‐Curable Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Film Coatings Based on Epoxidized Cyclohexene Derivatized Linseed Oil (2004)

Abstract Summary: Organic‐inorganic hybrid films based on epoxidized cyclohexene derivatized linseed oil (ECLO) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) oligomers were prepared via a UV‐curing process. The kinetics of the hybrid materials were studied by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition to the kinetics, the tensile properties, pencil hardness, pull‐off adhesion, reverse impact resistance, solvent resistance and abrasion resistance of the hybrid coatings were evaluated. Both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the viscoelastic and thermal properties of the hybrid films. The morphology of the hybrid film was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Based on the results from the aforementioned evaluation of the coatings, the hybrid films exhibited higher pencil hardness, tensile strength, tensile modulus, fracture toughness, abrasion resistance, cross‐link density and thermal stability compared to the ECLO organic film. The Photo‐DSC data showed that the photo‐curing speed of the hybrid materials increased with TEOS oligomers content. It was postulated that the TEOS oligomers were reactive diluents. Structure of ECLO. magnified image Structure of ECLO.
Mechanics of actin networks crosslinked with mutant human $\alpha$-actinin-4 (2007)

We investigated whether low mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in peripheral blood leukocytes at diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of the aggressive form of the tumor and disease progression among localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We recruited 1,751 non-Hispanic white men with previously untreated PCa from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. mtDNAcn was categorized into three groups according to tertiles. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of mtDNAcn with the risk of having aggressive PCa at diagnosis. We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for disease progression. We observed an inverse association between aggressiveness of PCa and mtDNAcn (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, compared to patients in the highest tertile of mtDNAcn, those in the second and lowest tertiles had significantly increased risks of presenting with the high-risk form of PCa, as defined by the D'Amico criteria, with ORs of 1.33 (95% CI, 0.89-1.98; P = 0.17) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.02-2.30; P = 0.04), respectively. Furthermore, PCa patients in the lowest and second tertiles combined relative to those in the highest tertile had a 56% increased risk of disease progression (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.96-2.54; P = 0.07). In summary, our results suggested that low mtDNAcn in peripheral blood leukocytes was associated with aggressive PCa at diagnosis and might further predict poor progression-free survival among localized PCa patients.
Correction of the contrast transfer function to determine the radial density distribution of frozen-hydrated tobacco mosaic virus (1992)

The purpose of image reconstruction is to determine the mass densities within molecules by analysis of the intensities within images. Cryo-EM offers this possibility by virtue of the excellent preservation of internal structure without heavy atom staining. Cryo-EM images, however, have low contrast because of the similarity between the density of biological material and the density of vitreous ice. The images also contain a high background of inelastic scattering. To overcome the low signal and high background, cryo-images are typically recorded 1-3 μm underfocus to maximize phase contrast. Under those conditions the image intensities bear little resemblance to the object, due to the dependence of the contrast transfer function (CTF) upon spatial frequency. Compensation ( i.e. , correction) for the CTF is theoretically possible, but implementation has been rare. Despite numerous studies of molecules in ice, there has never been a quantitative evaluation of compensated images of biological molecules of known structure.
Fiber optic microcellular radio (1991)

A distributed antenna system consisting of optical fiber connected canisters is proposed to replace or supplement the base station antennas required for cell splitting of growing cellular mobile radio systems. The end-to-end linear transmission of RF signal voltage can be maintained over the wide dynamic range of mobile radio. The technical feasibility of multiplexed subcarrier transmission using available lightwave components has been verified by signal-to-noise ratio and intermodulation distortion measurements. Measurements of a two-way audio link over both simulated and real radio paths have demonstrated the compatibility of a prototype lightwave transceiver, designed for the canister, with the existing base station and mobile equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Properties and reactions of 4-thioxo-2-azetidinones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties and reactions of 4-thioxo-2-azetidinonesMario D. Bachi, Ora Goldberg, Akiva Gross, and Jacob VayaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 8, 1481–1485Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01296a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01296a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peptides and Proteins (1993)

Peptides are short chains of amino acids containing, usually, less than 50–100 residues linked by peptide bonds. A number of peptides have been shown to exist in the cell bodies, as well as in the axons and nerve terminals, of the central nervous system and, by definition, these are called brain peptides or neuropeptides. Neuropeptides have been identified in different brain regions, and neuronal peptidergic pathways have been visualized and characterized in the central nervous system by means of different immunocytochemical, immunofluorescence and radioreceptor assay techniques. For most brain peptides, the localization of their neuronal pathways has been one of the most powerful tools in the understanding of their functions.
Ultra-high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor utilizing a multimode interference structure (2014)

An ultra-high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor has been developed by utilizing a multimode interference structure with phenyl rubber coated onto the multimode fiber. The large refractive index and strong temperature dependence yielded excellent sensor characteristics.
Measurement of Forces at the Tip of a Cochlear Implant During Insertion (2014)

An optical fiber-based sensor has been developed to measure the forces at the tip of an electrode array during insertion into the cochlea. The sensor, utilizing optical fiber Bragg grating technology, was incorporated into a custom-designed Pt-banded electrode array for guinea pigs. In vivo experiments were undertaken in which forces at the tip of the array were measured in real time during the insertion. Data were obtained for maximum insertion forces of up to 254 mN. Histology was performed on the excised cochleae with the sensors fixed in position to evaluate the level of insertion trauma. The insertion experiments demonstrated a clear correlation between the applied force and collateral tissue damage.
Taurolidine and oxidative stress: a rationale for local treatment of mesothelioma (2009)

Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-related, aggressive tumour, resistant to most anticancer therapies. Akt is a key mediator of mesothelioma cell survival and chemoresistance. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism by which taurolidine (TN), a known synthetic compound with antimicrobial and antineoplastic properties, leads to mesothelioma cell death. Apoptosis was studied by annexin V binding, cell cycle analysis, caspase-8 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Oxidative stress was measured by nitrite production and DNA oxidative damage. Protein expression and phosphorylation were evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. TN induces cell death of mesothelioma cells, but not of non-neoplastic human mesothelial cells. After TN treatment of mesothelioma cells, Akt but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 activity is inhibited a in time- and dose-dependent manner. Protein phosphatase (PP)1alpha and PP2A are activated several hours after drug addition. Apoptosis induced by TN is driven by oxidative stress and cell exposure to sulfydryl donors, such as glutathione monoethylester and l-N-acetylcysteine, significantly reduced pro-apoptotic effects and Akt inhibition. Conversely, expression of constitutively activated Akt did not affect cytoxicity elicited by TN, which retained its ability to inhibit the kinase. TN induces mesothelioma cell death via oxidative stress, accompanied by inhibition of Akt signalling. This provides a promising molecular rationale for TN as local treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
New Triterpenoid Saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (1996)

Three new triterpenoidal saponins (1-3), together with the known compound 4, were isolated from a MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral methods, such as 1H-1H DQFCOSY, HMQC, HMBC, and TOCSY NMR spectra. The aglycon moiety of 1 and 2 is a new dammarane-type triterpene 12-oxo-2 alpha, 3 beta, 20 (S)-trihydroxydammar- 24-ene.
Elemental Fluorine to 8-Fluoropurines in One Step (1996)

An efficient regiocontrolled approach to the synthesis of 8-fluoropurines by direct fluorination of purines with dilute elemental fluorine is described. The one-step procedure produced regiospecific substitution of the C(8)-hydrogen of purine derivatives in isolated yields close to 30% with protected purines in CHCl3. Fluorination yields with unprotected purines in EtOH were reduced to less than 10%. The electrophilic fluorination procedure has a broad scope of applicability and permits a ready and easy access to 8-fluoropurine derivatives, for the first time, for evaluation of their biochemical and pharmacological properties.
Dynamic cache management in multi-core architectures through run-time adaptation (2012)

Non-Uniform Cache Access (NUCA) architectures provide a potential solution to reduce the average latency for the last-level-cache (LLC), where the cache is organized into per-core local and remote partitions. Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of cooperative cache sharing among local and remote partitions. However, ignoring cache access patterns of concurrently executing applications sharing the local and remote partitions can cause inter-partition contention that reduces the overall instruction throughput. We propose a dynamic cache management scheme for LLC in NUCA-based architectures, which reduces inter-partition contention. Our proposed scheme provides efficient cache sharing by adapting migration, insertion, and promotion policies in response to the dynamic requirements of the individual applications with different cache access behaviors. Our adaptive cache management scheme allows individual cores to steal cache capacity from remote partitions to achieve better resource utilization. On average, our proposed scheme increases the performance (instructions per cycle) by 28% (minimum 8.4%, maximum 75%) compared to a private LLC organization.
Closed‐loop stimulation as a physiological rate‐modulated pacing approach based on intracardiac impedance to lower the atrial tachyarrhythmia burden in patients with sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation (2020)

CLS was associated with lower AF/AT burden after pacemaker implantation in patients with sinus node dysfunction and AF history.
Study on the operating range in solar blind ultraviolet detecting system (2007)

When solar radiation transmits in the atmosphere, radiation wave band from 240nm to 280nm is strongly absorbed by the ozone layer, which makes the ultraviolet radiation in this wave band difficult to reach the near earth surface. It forms the solar radiation blind region on the near earth surface that is usually called solar blind region. Because of the strong absorption, the solar blind ultraviolet detecting system works in wee background noise condition. In this paper, we design a set of ultraviolet detecting experiment system. From the radiometry, we establish an improved estimate of the operating range model based on the target signal, background signal difference and noise of detector. Using the improved model, we can calculate the operating range for point target in solar blind ultraviolet detecting system. For the special ultraviolet target, the calculated values are consistent with the practically measured values in the experiment system designed in the paper.
Red Bus Lane Treatment Evaluation (2014)

Since 2008, New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) has implemented red-colored bus lanes as part of its Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) program with New York City Transit (NYCT), and both agencies found that red treatment is effective at reducing unauthorized bus lane usage. DOT is seeking to improve the durability and cost-effectiveness of its preferred red lane treatment, and in 2010, began to research high performance red lane products and installation processes for different road surfaces. This paper presents the methods and findings from field and lab tests to evaluate red bus lane treatments for DOT. Field evaluations included long-term observations of various products used on bus-only lanes, as well as durability and skid resistance testing. Indoor tests assessed durability and skid resistance. Results indicate that a red epoxy-based paint, an epoxy with red aggregate product, and a red asphalt concrete-based micro surface performed well across all field and lab tests.
MEMS meander harvester with tungsten proof-mass (2019)

Abstract Using current battery technology the life-time of a leadless pacemaker is approximately 6-10 years, with a large portion of the pacemaker occupied by the battery. This paper investigates the possibility to use a MEMS piezoelectric harvester as a complementary energy source in leadless pacemakers. The challenge is to combine the low resonance frequency required to harvest energy from a heartbeat with the small volume of 20 × 4 × 3 mm 3 available, with the corresponding harvester displacement restricted to 2 mm. Due to the displacement restriction the selected structure was a double clamped bridge in order to reduce the mass displacement, with various meander-type designs simulated to reduce resonance frequency. To further reduce resonance frequency large proof-masses of tungsten were attached by gluing. Two types of tungsten proof-masses were added to four different harvesters, 16.4 mg and 16.6 mg on sample 1 and 2 and 502 mg and 492 mg proof-mass on sample 3 and 4. The structures have 2 µm patterned PZT (deposited by sol-gel technique) and Pt metal electrodes for d 31 mode harvesting. The power output measured from one of the two PZT/electrodes was 0.13 nW with 50 µm deflection at 100 k Ω optimal load resistance and 9.1 mV pp at 232 Hz.
Channel Optimization for the Design of High Speed I/O links (2010)

The continuous increase in microprocessor performance demands an equal order of increase in the bandwidth requirements on the memory and I/O interfaces. Providing the required bandwidth at an acceptable cost is a challenge to the system packaging engineer. This paper discusseshow a passive channel can be optimized in a cost effective way to provide the maximum bandwidth. The paper focuses on the design methodology including modeling the channel, identifying the channel bottle-necks, optimizing around the bottle-necks and verifying the conclusions through simulation. Finally the simulation results are verified through hardware measurements.
Droplet radiator systems for spacecraft thermal control (1986)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
3D printed drug products: Non-destructive dose verification using a rapid point-and-shoot approach (2018)

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has the potential to cause a paradigm shift in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, enabling personalised medicines to be produced on-demand. To facilitate integration into healthcare, non-destructive characterisation techniques are required to ensure final product quality. Here, the use of process analytical technologies (PAT), including near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman confocal microscopy, were evaluated on paracetamol-loaded 3D printed cylindrical tablets composed of an acrylic polymer (Eudragit L100-55). Using a portable NIR spectrometer, a calibration model was developed, which predicted successfully drug concentration across the range of 4-40% w/w. The model demonstrated excellent linearity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996) and accuracy (RMSEP = 0.63%) and results were confirmed with conventional HPLC analysis. The model maintained high accuracy for tablets of a different geometry (torus shapes), a different formulation type (oral films) and when the polymer was changed from acrylic to cellulosic (hypromellose, HPMC). Raman confocal microscopy showed a homogenous drug distribution, with paracetamol predominantly present in the amorphous form as a solid dispersion. Overall, this article is the first to report the use of a rapid 'point-and-shoot' approach as a non-destructive quality control method, supporting the integration of 3DP for medicine production into clinical practice.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect mouse heart from myocardial infarction injury via interleukin 5, eosinophils, and dendritic cells (2022)

This study revealed an indirect cardiac reparative role of ILC2 in post-MI hearts via the IL5, EOS, and DC mechanism.