gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Biological and Pathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients at the Taleghani University Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran (2005)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common of all malignant neoplasms in women worldwide. This study aims to demonstrate certain biological, clinical and pathological characteristics of patients treated at the university hospital oncology unit. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted during a period of 2 years, from October 2003 through September of 2005 in Kermanshah, Iran. 555 patients were selected to participate, representing all the cases diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. Data was gathered according to questionnaires and pa-tients’ records. Results: The mean age at which breast cancer was first diagnosed was 46.5±11.6 year of age with 89% of tumors being infiltrating intraductal carcinoma. The majority of the patient population had tumors stage II and grade II. Mean tumor size was 2.14±0.57 centimeters. 58% of the tumors were localized to the upper outer quadrant of the affected breast and 89% of the patients received modified radical mastectomies with almost a 92% two year survival. Conclusion: Highest prevalence of breast cancer was recorded in the 40-49 (mean 46) years of age group which compares favorably with studies done under similar circumstances. Tumor size, grade, stage, tumor marker analysis, metastasis and other disease characteristics portray patient population tendencies for breast cancer patients in Kermanshah, Iran.
FFT-based methods for simulating flicker FM (2002)

Abstract : Four algorithms for simulating flicker FM phase noise (f(-3) spectrum) are given, two old and two new. Their Allan deviation and mean square time interval error (MSTIE) are examined. The MSTIE shows that one of the old algorithms has deficient long-term phase deviations on average. The Allan deviation does not reveal this deficiency.
Contribution of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 to mitogenic activity in bovine mammary extracts and serum (1999)

Peripubertal development of the mammary gland is probably mediated by locally produced growth factors acting in concert with circulating mitogens. Our objective was to investigate the effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3) or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) antibodies on the IGF-I-related mitogenic activity of bovine serum and of mammary tissue extracts in primary mammary epithelial cell cultures. Cells were obtained from prepubertal female calf mammary tissue and cultured in three-dimensional collagen gels. An aqueous mammary parenchymal tissue extract (pooled from 20 prepubertal heifers) or serum (pooled from 3 heifers) at a concentration of 5% was added to the medium containing either rhIGFBP-3 or monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to human IGF-I. Cell proliferation was evaluated using [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation as a measure of DNA synthesis. Addition of mammary extracts stimulated DNA synthesis 545% compared with basal medium. Addition of serum stimulated DNA synthesis by 28%. Mitogenic activity of serum and added IGF-I was abolished by addition of rhIGFBP-3 in equimolar concentrations with IGF-I. For mammary extracts, mitogenic activity was inhibited by 35%, 50%, and 82% by the addition of rhIGFBP-3 at, respectively, 1, 2 and 4 times the molar IGF-I concentration in the extract. Addition of rhIGFBP-3 to basal medium reduced DNA synthesis by 26%, whereas IGF-I antibodies had no consistent effect. These results indicate that circulating and mammary-synthesized IGF-I and IGFBPs probably play a critical role in prepubertal development of the bovine mammary gland.
Strategies for Utilizing Over processed Soybean Meal: I. Amino Acid Supplementation, Choline Content, and Metabolizable Energy (1998)

The overheating of soybean meal (SBM) is known to reduce its nutritional quality by damaging one or more amino acids. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine, methionine, and threonine supplementation on the performance of broiler chicks fed severely over-processed SBM as determined by protein solubility (PS) in 0.2% KOH. Feeding heat-damaged SBM (PS 35%) sharply reduced 15-day body weight and increased feed:gain ratio. However, the addition of 0.3% lysine largely overcame the effects of feeding over-processed SBM. Methionine and threonine alone, in combination, or in addition to lysine had no statistically significant effect. Over processing of SBM did not affect its choline content. The Amen of extremely heat-damaged SBM (PS 39%) was significantly reduced, but this effect was not seen in moderately over-processed SBM (≥53% PS).
Compact snapshot real-time imaging spectrometer (2011)

The described spectral imaging system, referred to as a Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging Fourier Transform (SHIFT) spectrometer, is capable of acquiring spectral image data of a scene in a single integration of a camera, is ultra-compact, inexpensive (commercial off-the-shelf), has no moving parts, and can produce datacubes (x, y, &lambda;) in real time. Based on the multiple-image FTS originally developed by A. Hirai [1], the presented device offers significant advantages over his original implementation. Namely, its birefringent nature results in a common-path interferometer which makes the spectrometer insensitive to vibration. Furthermore, it enables the potential of making the instrument ultra-compact, thereby improving the portability of the sensor. By combining a birefringent interferometer with a lenslet array, the entire spectrometer consumes approximately 15&times;15&times;20 mm<sup>3</sup>, excluding the imaging camera. The theory of the birefringent FTS is provided, followed by details of its specific embodiment and a laboratory proof of concept of the sensor. Post-processing is currently accomplished in Matlab, but progress is underway in developing real-time reconstruction capabilities with software programmed on a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is anticipated that processing of &gt;30 datacubes per second can be achieved with modest GPU hardware, with spatial/spectral data of or exceeding 256&times;256 spatial resolution elements and 60 spectral bands over the visible (400-800 nm) spectrum. Data were collected outdoors, demonstrating the sensor's ability to resolve spectral signatures in standard outdoor lighting and environmental conditions as well as retinal imaging.
Angiogenesis-Related Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Cancer (2013)

Ovarian Cancer represents the most fatal type of gynecological malignancies. A number of processes are involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, especially within the tumor microenvironment. Angiogenesis represents a hallmark phenomenon in cancer, and it is responsible for tumor spread and metastasis in ovarian cancer, among other tumor types, as it leads to new blood vessel formation. In recent years angiogenesis has been given considerable attention in order to identify targets for developing effective anti-tumor therapies. Growth factors have been identified to play key roles in driving angiogenesis and, thus, the formation of new blood vessels that assist in "feeding" cancer. Such molecules include the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), the fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and the angiopoietin/Tie2 receptor complex. These proteins are key players in complex molecular pathways within the tumor cell and they have been in the spotlight of the development of anti-angiogenic molecules that may act as stand-alone therapeutics, or in concert with standard treatment regimes such as chemotherapy. The pathways involved in angiogenesis and molecules that have been developed in order to combat angiogenesis are described in this paper.
The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in Breast Carcinoma Progression Diagnosis and Screening (2001)

Abstract : In glandular organs, a precancerous state precedes invasive carcinoma. In the breast, this state is recognized as DCIS and consist of an epithelial cell proliferation confined by myoepithelial cells. Our laboratory has established cell lines/xenografts of myoepithelial cells. Our myoepithelial cell lines inhibit invasion and motility of breast carcinoma line in vitro largely through maspin. The overall hypothesis of this proposal was how does myoepithelial maspin regulate breast (DCIS) carcinoma progression and can its detection in fine needle aspirates (FNA) and in ductal fluid abet diagnosis and screening? The first aim addressed the mechanism of maspin's inhibition of breast carcinoma invasion: We have shown that myoepithelial maspin does bind to plasma membranes of carcinoma cells and inhibit a pathway involved in cellular locomotion. Using mRNA expression profiling we have further characterized the pathway(s) involved. Furthermore we have shown that myoepithelial cells exhibit by mRNA expression profiling a common tumor-suppressor phenotype. The second aim utilized maspin antibodies on FNA to identify the myoepithelial component and we have further demonstrated prospectively with larger number of samples that this approach is successful. The third aim investigated the levels of maspin in nipple aspirates, in ductal lavage fluid and saliva. We have shown that maspin is both a tumor marker as well as a surrogate intermediate end point marker.
Sparing the ortho‐position in nucleophilic aromatic substitution‐specific displacement of the 4‐SePh group in 2,4‐bis(phenylseleno)nitrobenzene (2009)

Abstract Upon treatment of o ‐ and p ‐(phenylseleno)nitrobenzenes with sodium methoxide quantitative exchange reactions took place, affording the corresponding methoxynitrobenzenes. Upon reaction between 2,4‐bis(phenylseleno)nitrobenzene 2 and sodium methoxide, an unusual regiopure formation of 4‐methoxy‐2‐(phenylseleno)nitrobenzene 3 was observed. This product remained unreactive toward an excess of sodium methoxide, thus preventing the formation of 2,4‐dimethoxynitrobenzene 6 . The nature of the reactants and of the intermediate Meisenheimer complexes was examined by synthetic investigations, x‐ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. We found that the observed selectivity can be understood in terms of traditional resonance considerations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:101–108, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20519
CD83 influences cell-surface MHC class II expression on B cells and other antigen-presenting cells (2007)

CD83 is a member of the Ig superfamily expressed primarily by mature dendritic cells (DCs). In mice, CD83 expression by thymic stromal cells regulates CD4(+) T cell development, with CD83(-/-) mice demonstrating dramatic reductions in both thymus and peripheral CD4(+) T cells. In this study, CD83 expression was also found to affect MHC class II antigen expression within the thymus and periphery. CD83 deficiency reduced cell-surface class II antigen expression by 25-50% on splenic B cells and DCs, thymic epithelial cells and peritoneal macrophages. Reduced class II expression was a stable and intrinsic property that resulted from increased internalization of class II from the surface of CD83(-/-) B cells. Otherwise, class II antigen transcription, intracellular expression, heterodimer structure, antigen processing and antigen presentation were normal. Reduced class II antigen expression was not the primary cause of the CD83(-/-) phenotype since thymocyte and peripheral T cell development was normal in class II(+/-) mice. Comparable blocks in CD4(+) thymocyte development were also observed in CD83(-/-) and CD83(-/-)class II(+/-) littermates. TCR and CD69 expression patterns in CD83(-/-) mice further suggested that double-positive thymocytes proceed through the class II-dependent stages of positive selection in the absence of CD83. These studies further emphasize a role for CD83 in lymphocyte development and immune regulation and reveal an unexpected role for CD83 expression in influencing cell-surface MHC class II turnover.
Effect of Incentive Spirometry on Oxygenation in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2014)

Introduction: Arterial hypoxemia is one of the main pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Therefore, several proceedings have been recommended to reduce the complications, and to improve arterial hypoxemia as well as arterial blood gas parameters such as incentive spirometry. This study intended to investigate the effect of incentive spirometry on patients´ oxygenation. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a sample size of 70 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft was chosen. Incentive spirometry was applied in the experimental group, whereas no special intervention was taken in the control group. Arterial blood gas samples were measured in three stages: Preoperation, the first and second day after surgery. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In terms of gender, 70% were males and 30% were females whose mean age was 61±9.7. Moreover, the duration of mechanical ventilation was 6.4±1.67. The study results indicated that no significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups in terms of parameters of arterial blood gases in preoperation, first and second postoperative days (P> 0.05). Conclusions: Utilizing incentive spirometry did not have any effects on improving oxygenation in patients in the first and second days after surgery, compared with routine hospital treatment .
Investigating the Binding Mode of an Inhibitor of the MBNL1⋅RNA Complex in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) Leads to the Unexpected Discovery of a DNA‐Selective Binder (2012)

Recognition made easy: The selectivity of a small-molecule inhibitor that binds CTG and CUG sites with similar affinity can be shifted toward exclusive CTG recognition by a single N-methylation. Biophysical studies and MD simulations provide insights into the DNA and RNA recognition. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High STAT5 levels mediate imatinib resistance and indicate disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia (2011)

In BCR-ABL1(+) leukemia, drug resistance is often associated with up-regulation of BCR-ABL1 or multidrug transporters as well as BCR-ABL1 mutations. Here we show that the expression level of the transcription factor STAT5 is another parameter that determines the sensitivity of BCR-ABL1(+) cells against tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, nilotinib, or dasatinib. Abelson-transformed cells, expressing high levels of STAT5, were found to be significantly less sensitive to TKI-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo but not to other cytotoxic drugs, such as hydroxyurea, interferon-β, or Aca-dC. The STAT5-mediated protection requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 independent of JAK2 and transcriptional activity. In support of this concept, under imatinib treatment and with disease progression, STAT5 mRNA and protein levels increased in patients with Ph(+) chronic myeloid leukemia. Based on our data, we propose a model in which disease progression in BCR-ABL1(+) leukemia leads to up-regulated STAT5 expression. This may be in part the result of clonal selection of cells with high STAT5 levels. STAT5 then accounts for the resistance against TKIs, thereby explaining the dose escalation frequently required in patients reaching accelerated phase. It also suggests that STAT5 may serve as an attractive target to overcome imatinib resistance in BCR-ABL1(+) leukemia.
Woodenboxspring - sommeil en harmonie avec la nature (2017)

Le projet Ressobois a pour but de développer un système de ressorts en bois pour la literie afin de répondre à la demande de la clientèle cherchant des lits 100% naturels. Au-delà du challenge fonctionnel, le projet ouvre de nouvelles portes sur la compréhension du comportement mécanique du bois sous des sollicitations hygro-thermomécaniques peu communes et explore des techniques d’usinage tridimensionnelles.
Long-Term Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Patients with Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Study (2014)

The patients who had CMV-reactivated UC showed poor outcomes at the long-term follow-up, and the long-term efficacy of ganciclovir therapy was marginal. Careful assessment is necessary for patients who exhibit evidence of CMV reactivation.
Speech Artifact Removal from Eeg Recordings of Spoken Word Production with Tensor Decomposition (2019)

Research about brain activities involving spoken word production is considerably underdeveloped because of the undiscovered characteristics of speech artifacts, which contaminate electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and prevent the inspection of the underlying cognitive processes. To fuel further EEG research with speech production, a method using three-mode tensor decomposition (time x space x frequency) is proposed to perform speech artifact removal. Tensor decomposition enables simultaneous inspection of multiple modes, which suits the multi-way nature of EEG data. In a picture-naming task, we collected raw data with speech artifacts by placing two electrodes near the mouth to record lip EMG. Based on our evaluation, which calculated the correlation values between grand-averaged speech artifacts and the lip EMG, tensor decomposition outperformed the former methods that were based on independent component analysis (ICA) and blind source separation (BSS), both in detecting speech artifact (0.985) and producing clean data (0.101). Our proposed method correctly preserved the components unrelated to speech, which was validated by computing the correlation value between the grand-averaged raw data without EOG and cleaned data before the speech onset (0.92-0.94).
Currently used criteria for active surveillance in men with low‐risk prostate cancer (2008)

The currently available AS criteria are limited by a high rate of misclassification. The use of more selective AS criteria may reduce the rate of misclassification but also may reduce significantly the percentage of patients who may be considered for AS.
Biologically Inspired QuadTree Color Detection in Dermoscopy Images of Melanoma (2018)

This paper presents a QuadTree-based melanoma detection system inspired by dermatologists' color perception. Clinical color assessment in dermoscopy images is challenging because of subtle differences in shades, location-dependent color information, poor color contrast, and wide variation among images of the same class. To overcome these challenges, color enhancement and automatic color identification techniques, based on QuadTree segmentation and modeled after expert color assessments, are developed. The approach presented in this paper is shown to provide an accurate model of expert color assessment. Specifically, the proposed model is shown to: 1) identify significantly more colors in melanomas than in benign skin lesions; 2) identify a higher frequency in melanomas of three colors: blue-gray, black, and pink; and 3) delineate locations of melanoma colors by quintiles, specifically predilection for blue-gray and pink in the periphery and a trend for white and black in the lesion center. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated using four classifiers. The kernel support vector machine classifier is found to achieve the best results, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.93, compared to average area under the ROC curve of 0.82 achieved by the dermatologists in this study. The results indicate that the biologically inspired method of automatic color detection proposed in this paper has the potential to play an important role in melanoma diagnosis in the clinic.
Combining radiotherapy with MEK1/2, STAT5 or STAT6 inhibition reduces survival of head and neck cancer lines (2013)

Kinases of the AKT, MAPK, STAT and SFK pathways correlated with radiosensitivity in a panel of HNSCC lines. Particularly inhibitors against MEK1/2, STAT5 and STAT6 were able to decrease survival in combination with radiotherapy. Hence, inhibitors against these kinases have the potential to improve radiotherapy outcome in HNSCC patients and further research is warranted to confirm this in vivo.
A Unified Trajectory Tiling Approach to High Quality Speech Rendering (2012)

It is technically challenging to make a machine talk as naturally as a human so as to facilitate “frictionless” interactions between machine and human. We propose a trajectory tiling-based approach to high-quality speech rendering, where speech parameter trajectories, extracted from natural, processed, or synthesized speech, are used to guide the search for the best sequence of waveform “tiles” stored in a pre-recorded speech database. We test the proposed unified algorithm in both Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis and cross-lingual voice transformation applications. Experimental results show that the proposed trajectory tiling approach can render speech which is both natural and highly intelligible. The perceived high quality of rendered speech is also confirmed in both objective and subjective evaluations.
The Internet as a tool with application to agile manufacturing: A web-based engineering approach and its implementation issues (2000)

This paper presents a novel approach to implementing agile design and manufacturing concepts by using Internet-based technology. The underlying philosophy of the approach is to use web-based design and manufacturing support systems as smart tools from which design and manufacturing customers can rapidly and responsively access the system's built-in design and manufacturing expertise. The approach is described in detail with application examples. The major issues in implementing the approach are discussed with particular reference to using Java programming, client-server technology and open computing of design and manufacturing requirements. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of the proposed approach.