gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of sudden strain‐rate change on the yield behavior of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (1974)

Abstract We wish to investigate the path dependence of yield processes in glassy polymers and to understand this dependence, if any, in terms of molecular mechanisms. To this end the effect of sudden strain‐rate change on the yield behavior of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate has been investigated. In the experiment, a specimen was initially deformed at a constant elongation rate R 1 ; at an elongation Δ l c the rate was suddenly changed to another constant elongation rate R 2 . R 1 was either lower or higher than R 2 . The yield stress subsequent to the rate change was found to be lower than if the entire deformation was at R 1 . These results can be satisfactorily explained in terms of Robertson's theory of the yielding of glassy polymers if it is assumed that the “bond flexing” in his theory manifests itself in anelastic deformation.
Clarifying the role of human SARM1, and its NADase activity, in monocytes (2021)

Exploring the intricacies of host-pathogen communication is vital in order to understand why some microbes persist within a host, while others are effectively cleared. As such, host-pathogen communication is an urgent area of research underpinning human health and disease, especially given the emerging concerns of antibiotic resistance. Understanding host-pathogen pathways requires intricate knowledge in the fields of both microbiology and immunology. Living in a world of specialists, where scientists sometimes invest their whole career studying one organism, a specific pathway or a protein, multidisciplinary discussions of host-pathogen interactions are highly needed. This international conference will provide such a forum for scientific exchange at the highest level, between scientists from different research areas related to host-pathogen interactions, with the aim to trigger fruitful collaborations addressing the urgent questions in the field. This meeting has an additional special focus of bringing researchers from Ireland, Denmark and Israel together to learn about cutting edge biology and form new collaborations. Thus, the conference will be a showcase for the exciting and original research emanating from these three small but innovative countries.
Risk of erectile dysfunction associated with use of 5-α reductase inhibitors for benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia: population based studies using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2016)

5-α reductase inhibitors do not seem to significantly increase the risk of incident erectile dysfunction, regardless of indication for use. Risk of erectile dysfunction increased with longer duration of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Applying Bayesian belief networks in approximate string matching for robust keyword-based retrieval (2005)

We present a novel approach towards robust keyword-based retrieval. Bayesian belief networks are applied in a word-model based approximate string matching algorithm. Apart from a proven reliable performance in a working implementation on standard sources like digital text, wholly probabilistic modeling allows for integration of confidence measures and hypotheses obtained from preprocessing stages, like handwriting recognition or optical character recognition, respecting uncertainties on the lower levels. Furthermore, a flexible method to include the modeling of specific error types derived from humans and various input sources is provided. The remarkable performance of the algorithms presented was tested during extensive evaluation with respect to the Levenstein distance, which can be seen as the basis of state-of-the-art methods in this research field. The tests ran on a 14 K database containing common international music titles and four 10 K databases consisting of the most frequently used words in English, German, French and Dutch.
Solvent Extraction Using Microchannel System for High Purification of Silica (2013)

We present solvent extraction using a microchannel device for purification of silica, focusing upon boron extraction with 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD). Boron was successfully eliminated from the samples, which consists of silica and boric acid as well as refined diatomaceous earth. The residual boron content after the extraction using a microchannel device was lower than that using a conventional separatory funnel, although the contact reaction period was much shorter. It is suggested microchannel device is an attractive method to produce high-purified silica for solar grade silicon.
Orphan nuclear receptors, PXR and LXR: new ligands and therapeutic potential (2004)

Found in almost all animal species, orphan nuclear receptors (NRs) represent a unique and pivotal resource to uncover new regulatory systems that impact on both health and human diseases. Some of the current marketed drugs are known to target orphan NRs. Examples include the anticancer and retinoic X receptor (RXR)-targeting bexarotene (Targretin, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and the antidiabetic and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma-targeting thiaozolidinediones. Several studies presented at a recent conference (Orphan and Nuclear Receptors - New Therapeutic Developments) have provided new insights into several orphan NRs, including the pregnane X receptor (PXR), the liver X receptor (LXR), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), PPAR and the RXR. This paper will focus on PXR and LXR, whose recent target gene analysis and ligand identification have raised both promises and practical concerns as to whether or not these receptors can be used as therapeutic targets.
Expression levels of <i>S. aureus</i> A170 and A172 virulence factors. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Acquisition of phage-resistance by A172 is accompanied by extensive alterations in virulence gene expression levels. Out of the 14 ORFs examined, 13 are significantly under-expressed, compared to the phage-sensitive strain A170. Bacteria were collected for transcriptional analysis during the exponential growth phase. SA0107 (&lt;i&gt;spa&lt;/i&gt;, IgG binding protein A precursor); SA0112 (hypothetical protein, similar to cysteine synthase); SA0184 (hypothetical protein); SA039 (&lt;i&gt;geh&lt;/i&gt;; glycerol ester hydrolase); SA1007 (α-haemolysin); SA1160 (&lt;i&gt;nuc&lt;/i&gt;; thermonuclease); SA1898 (hypothetical protein, similar to SceD precursor); SA2097 (hypothetical protein, similar to secretory antigen precursor SsaA); SA2206 (&lt;i&gt;sbi&lt;/i&gt;; IgG-binding protein SBI); SA2255 (oligopeptide transporter substrate binding protein); SA2406 (&lt;i&gt;gbsA&lt;/i&gt;; glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gbsA); SA2459 (&lt;i&gt;ica&lt;/i&gt;; N-glycosyltransferase); SAR216 (&lt;i&gt;groEL&lt;/i&gt;; chaperonin GROEL); SAR2117 (&lt;i&gt;groES&lt;/i&gt;; co-chaperonin GRES). ORFs numbers correspond to the &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; N315 genome sequence. Gene designations (when known) and proteins function are shown in parentheses.&lt;/p&gt;
Mononuclear and Dendritic Nickel(II) Complexes ContainingN,N‘-Iminopyridine Chelating Ligands:  Generation Effects on the Catalytic Oligomerization and Polymerization of Ethylene (2006)

A series of carbosilane dendritic compounds Gn-ONNMem, containing one (n = 0), four (n = 1), eight (n = 2), or 16 (n = 3) terminal pyridylimine ligands, substituted with m methyl groups (m = 0, 2, 3), and nickel complexes Gn-ONNMemNiBr2, comprising monometallic to metallodendritic structures, have been synthesized. The nickel complexes, in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO), are active catalysts for the concurrent transformation of ethylene into mixtures of toluene-insoluble polyethylene and oily oligomers. Oligomers consist of mixtures of olefins that follow a Schulz−Flory distribution, and polymers are found to be highly branched low molecular weight polyethylene. The variation of the pyridylimine ligand framework by methyl substituents has a decisive influence on the activities of the nickel compounds. Also, the size (i.e., generation n) of the dendritic precursor acutely affects the catalyst performance and the microstructure of the insertion products. Thus, higher generation catalysts show superior oligomerization activities and produce less branched polyethylene polymers with higher molecular weights.
Phosphorylated immunoreceptor signaling motifs (ITAMs) exhibit unique abilities to bind and activate Lyn and Syk tyrosine kinases (1995)

Signal transduction by T and B cell Ag receptors and certain receptors for Ig Fc regions (Fc gamma RI, hFc gamma RIIA, Fc gamma RIII, Fc alpha R, and Fc epsilon RI) involves a conserved sequence motif, termed an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and found in multiple receptor chains. Phosphorylation of the two ITAM tyrosines is a critical event in signal transduction. To address the function of this phosphorylation, we assessed the ability of nonphosphorylated and biphosphorylated ((p)2ITAM) ITAM peptides to bind and modify the activity of src and syk family kinases in vivo and in vitro. All (p)2ITAMs, but not their nonphosphorylated counterparts, induced extensive protein tyrosine phosphorylation in permeabilized cells. However, the patterns of proteins phosphorylated differed among (p)2ITAMs. This phosphorylation was found to reflect activation of the src family kinase Lyn, but not Syk. In vitro studies using purified Lyn showed that src family kinase activation resulted from a direct interaction with (p)2ITAM. Binding studies demonstrated clear differences in binding specificity of (p)2ITAMs. Most strikingly, Ig alpha (p)2ITAM and TCR-zeta c and CD3 epsilon (p)2ITAMs exhibit inverse binding preferences for src and syk family kinases. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which src family tyrosine kinases are activated, and are consistent with the possibility that different ITAMs may preferentially activate distinct signaling pathways as a consequence of distinct effector Src homology 2 domain (SH2) binding preference.
The GLM-Spectrum: A multilevel framework for spectrum analysis with covariate and confound modelling (2022)

Abstract The frequency spectrum is a central method for representing the dynamics within electrophysiological data. Some widely used spectrum estimators make use of averaging across time segments to reduce noise in the final spectrum. The core of this approach has not changed substantially since the 1960s, though many advances in the field of regression modelling and statistics have been made during this time. Here, we propose a new approach, the General Linear Model (GLM) Spectrum, which reframes time averaged spectral estimation as multiple regression. This brings several benefits, including the ability to do confound modelling, hierarchical modelling and significance testing via non-parametric statistics. We apply the approach to a dataset of EEG recordings of participants who alternate between eyes-open and eyes-closed resting state. The GLM-Spectrum can model both conditions, quantify their differences, and perform denoising through confound regression in a single step. This application is scaled up from a single channel to a whole head recording and, finally, applied to quantify age differences across a large group-level dataset. We show that the GLM-Spectrum lends itself to rigorous modelling of within- and between-subject contrasts as well as their interactions, and that the use of model-projected spectra provides an intuitive visualisation. The GLM-Spectrum is a flexible framework for robust multi-level analysis of power spectra, with adaptive covariance and confound modelling.
Graphene Quantum Dots Coated VO2 Arrays for Highly Durable Electrodes for Li and Na Ion Batteries (2014)

Nanoscale surface engineering is playing important role in enhancing the performance of battery electrode. VO2 is one of high-capacity but less-stable materials and has been used mostly in the form of powders for Li-ion battery cathode with mediocre performance. In this work, we design a new type of binder-free cathode by bottom-up growth of biface VO2 arrays directly on a graphene network for both high-performance Li-ion and Na-ion battery cathodes. More importantly, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are coated onto the VO2 surfaces as a highly efficient surface "sensitizer" and protection to further boost the electrochemical properties. The integrated electrodes deliver a Na storage capacity of 306 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, and a capacity of more than 110 mAh/g after 1500 cycles at 18 A/g. Our result on Na-ion battery may pave the way to next generation postlithium batteries.
Enhanced adsorptive removal of anionic and cationic dyes from single or mixed dye solutions using MOF PCN-222 (2017)

MOF PCN-222 exhibits excellent adsorption/removal capacities for numerous anionic and cationic dyes individually and together in solutions.
Periprocedural imaging and outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (2014)

Periprocedural imaging for AF ablation is increasingly used, although practice patterns vary widely. Our data suggest that periprocedural imaging is associated with better outcomes after catheter ablation; however, prospective studies of periprocedural imaging strategies are warranted.
Thickness decrease of a grafted polyelectrolyte membrane exposed to shear flow (2003)

Abstract The effect of the shear flow on the thickness change of a polyelectrolyte membrane grafted onto a glass substrate was directly investigated with a flow cell combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The membrane thickness decreased proportionally to an increase in the shear stress of the flow when the shear rate exceeded a critical value of 1 s −1 . The higher the ionic strength was of the fluid, the greater the thinning effect was. The correlation between the critical shear rate and the relaxation of the polymer in the gel membrane was examined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2808–2815, 2003
Genetic heterogeneity in Pakistani microcephaly families (2012)

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is caused by mutations in at least eight different genes involved either in cell division or DNA repair. Most mutations are identified in consanguine families from Pakistan, Iran and India. To further assess their genetic heterogeneity and mutational spectra, we have analyzed 57 consanguine Pakistani MCPH families. In 34 MCPH families, we detected linkage to five out of the eight well-characterized disease loci and identified mutations in 27 families, leaving seven families without mutations in the coding exons of the presumably underlying MCPH genes. In the MCPH cohort 23 families could not be linked to any of the known loci, pointing to remarkable locus heterogeneity. The majority of mutations were found in ASPM followed by WDR62, CENPJ, CEP152 and MCPH1. One ASPM mutation (p.Trp1326*) was found in as many as eight families suggesting a Pakistani founder mutation. One third of the families were linked to ASPM followed by WDR62 confirming previous data. We identified three novel ASPM mutations, four novel WDR62 mutations, one novel MCPH1 mutation and two novel CEP152 mutations. CEP152 mutations have not been described before in the Pakistani population.
Amperometric sensing of urea using edge activated graphene nanoplatelets (2015)

In this study, we demonstrate efficient amperometric sensing of urea using graphene nanoplatelets.
Protein kinase B/Akt at a glance (2005)

Among the signalling proteins that respond to a large variety of signals, protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) appears to be a central player in regulation of metabolism, cell survival, motility, transcription and cell-cycle progression. Conserved from primitive metazoans to humans, PKB belongs
Influence des conditions d'ambiance dans les batiments de sevrage sur les performances du porcelet (1990)

National audience
Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing (2013)

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The dosage of UV light is prescribed according to an individual's skin sensitivity. Thus, to establish the proper dosage of UV light to administer to a patient, the patient is sometimes screened to determine a minimal erythema dose (MED), which is the amount of UV radiation that will produce minimal erythema (sunburn or redness caused by engorgement of capillaries) of an individual's skin within a few hours following exposure. This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. There is currently no easy way to determine an appropriate UV dose for clinical or research purposes without conducting formal MED testing, requiring observation hours after testing, or informal trial and error testing with the risks of under- or over-dosing. However, some alternative methods are discussed.
Plant-Sediment Interactions in Salt Marshes – An Optode Imaging Study of O2, pH, and CO2 Gradients in the Rhizosphere (2018)

In many wetland plants, belowground transport of O<sub>2</sub> via aerenchyma tissue and subsequent O<sub>2</sub> loss across root surfaces generates small oxic root zones at depth in the rhizosphere with important consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling. This study demonstrates how roots of the intertidal salt-marsh plant <i>Spartina anglica</i> affect not only O<sub>2</sub>, but also pH and CO<sub>2</sub> dynamics, resulting in distinct gradients of O<sub>2</sub>, pH, and CO<sub>2</sub> in the rhizosphere. A novel planar optode system (VisiSens TD<sup>®</sup>, PreSens GmbH) was used for taking high-resolution 2D-images of the O<sub>2</sub>, pH, and CO<sub>2</sub> distribution around roots during alternating light-dark cycles. Belowground sediment oxygenation was detected in the immediate vicinity of the roots, resulting in oxic root zones with a 1.7 mm radius from the root surface. CO<sub>2</sub> accumulated around the roots, reaching a concentration up to threefold higher than the background concentration, and generally affected a larger area within a radius of 12.6 mm from the root surface. This contributed to a lowering of pH by 0.6 units around the roots. The O<sub>2</sub>, pH, and CO<sub>2</sub> distribution was recorded on the same individual roots over diurnal light cycles in order to investigate the interlinkage between sediment oxygenation and CO<sub>2</sub> and pH patterns. In the rhizosphere, oxic root zones showed higher oxygen concentrations during illumination of the aboveground biomass. In darkness, intraspecific differences were observed, where some plants maintained oxic root zones in darkness, while others did not. However, the temporal variation in sediment oxygenation was not reflected in the temporal variations of pH and CO<sub>2</sub> around the roots, which were unaffected by changing light conditions at all times. This demonstrates that plant-mediated sediment oxygenation fueling microbial decomposition and chemical oxidation has limited impact on the dynamics of pH and CO<sub>2</sub> in <i>S. anglica</i> rhizospheres, which may in turn be controlled by other processes such as root respiration and root exudation.
Hemicallotasis open-wedge osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee (1999)

We studied the complications after open-wedge osteotomy by hemicallotasis in 308 consecutive patients, most of whom had osteoarthritis of the knee. The participating surgeons, who worked at 17 hospitals, used their discretion in selecting patients, operating techniques and external fixators. The general complications included 11 cases of deep-vein thrombosis (4%), six of nonunion (2%) and one of septic arthritis of the knee. There were technical complications in 13 patients (4%). In 157 patients (51%) pin-site infections were recorded; of these, 96% were minor and responded to wound toilet and antibiotic treatment. A total of 18 revision procedures was carried out.
Estimation of Urban Imperviousness and its Impacts on Flashfloods in Gazipaşa, Turkey (2021)

The paper examines flooding issues under rapid urbanization in Gazipasa city during the past seven years 2013-2019. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) integrated with the satellite images representing temporal variation in the land use and land cover (LULC) characteristics of the city were used to determine the variation in the runoff generation capacity, flood volume, and associated risks. The Google Earth software together with GIS technology were utilized to create and handle spatial data required for SWMM simulation. Standard design storm intensity derived from the local intensity-duration-frequency curves was used as the stationary input parameter for SWMM simulation in both the past and current LULC conditions. The comparison between LULC maps showed that the extent of urban imperviousness area has been approximately increased by 80% in average. The SWMM simulations showed the peak flood value of 51.3 m3/sec and 61.4 m³/sec for the year 2013 and 2019, respectively. Moreover, under the same design storm, Rational Method has been applied and 39 m3/sec of peak flow rate has been calculated by disregarding the urbanization activity. The results indicate that the LULC variation during the past seven years resulted in almost 20% (18%) increase in peak flow (flood volume).
Spontaneous penetration of a non-wetting drop into an exposed pore (2013)

We consider the penetration process of a liquid drop approaching an exposed pore along the axis of symmetry, which is intended to model the penetration of non-wetting drops into a porous medium. Inertia and gravity are neglected at the current stage. In addition to the penetration into a capillary tube in the literature, the drop may spread on the outer surface of the porous medium. Based on the mechanical equilibrium states, we find the critical drop radius, below which the drop penetration is spontaneous. We further identify five penetration regimes based on the drop radius and the static contact angle, all of which are exemplified by phase-field simulations. The free energy as a function of penetration depth reveals only two stable equilibrium states: the drop either enters the pore completely (maximum penetration) or stays at the pore inlet (zero penetration). For a non-penetrating drop radius, the free energy has a local maximum which constitutes an energy barrier that prevents spontaneous penetration. Finally, we modify the Lucas-Washburn equation to describe the dynamic process of penetration. Due to the neglect of dissipation from moving contact lines and entry flow, the modified Lucas-Washburn equation greatly overestimates the penetration rate, especially at the initial stage.
In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR) Technologies: Significance of Low Eh Reactions (2007)

Zero valent iron (ZVI; Fe(0)) has been successfully employed for the transformation and subsequent detoxification of a wide range of environmental contaminants, including chlorinated organics, heavy metals, nitroaromatics and, to some degree, perchlorate. The combined use of ZVI plus controlled release carbon has been shown to generate environmental conditions defined herein as in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) that facilitate the microbiological, chemical and/or physical destruction of various contaminants. In this context, the salient features of ISCR are: (i) its low redox potential; and (ii) its propensity to produce H2. In this paper we discuss the thermodynamics of these characteristics (with special emphasis on ZVI reactions) and provide representative case studies documenting the safe and effective use of ISCR technology to rapidly remove halogenated organics from impacted subsurface environments.