gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hospital admissions and deaths due to acute cardiovascular events during the COVID-19 pandemic in residents of long-term care facilities (2022)

Abstract Aims Hospital admissions due to acute cardiovascular events dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population; however, evidence for residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) is sparse. We investigated rates of hospital admissions and deaths due to myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in LTCF residents during the pandemic. Methods and results Our nationwide cohort study used claims data. The sample comprised 1,140,139 LTCF residents over 60 years of age (68.6% women; age 85.3±8.5 years) from Germany. We included MI and stroke admission and compared numbers of in-hospital deaths from January 2020 to end of April 2021 (i.e., during the first three waves of the pandemic) with the number of incidences in 2015-2019. To estimate incidence risk ratios (IRR), adjusted Poisson regression analyses were applied. During the observation period (2015-2021), there were 19,196 MI and 73,953 stroke admissions. MI admissions declined in the pandemic phase by 22.5% (IRR=0.68 [CI 0.65-0.72]) compared to previous years. This decline was slightly more pronounced for NSTEMI than for STEMI. MI fatality risks remained comparable across years (IRR=0.97 [CI95% 0.92-1.02]). Stroke admissions dropped by 15.1% (IRR=0.75 [CI95% 0.72-0.78]) in the pandemic. There was an elevated case fatality risk for haemorrhagic stroke (IRR=1.09 [CI95% 1.03-1.15]) but not for other stroke subtypes compared to previous years. Conclusion This study provides first evidence of declines in MI and stroke admissions and in-hospital deaths among LTCF residents during the pandemic. The figures are alarming given the acute nature of the conditions and the vulnerability of the residents.
Large Field-of-View Thermal Imaging via All-Silicon Meta-Optics (2023)

A broad range of imaging and sensing technologies in the infrared require large Field-of-View (FoV) operation. To achieve this, traditional refractive systems often employ multiple elements to compensate for aberrations, which leads to excess size, weight, and cost. For many applications, including night vision eye-wear, air-borne surveillance, and autonomous navigation for unmanned aerial vehicles, size and weight are highly constrained. Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, also known as meta-optics, can dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost of these imaging systems, as meta-optics are significantly thinner and lighter than traditional refractive lenses. Here, we demonstrate 80$^\circ$ FoV thermal imaging in the long-wavelength infrared regime (8-12 $μ$m) using an all-silicon meta-optic with an entrance aperture and lens focal length of 1 cm.
Image Compression with a Geometrical Entropy Coder (2006)

In this paper we propose a geometrical entropy coder to compress images with geometry. Our proposed scheme works on quantized coefficients of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The geometry inherent in those coefficients is exploited by means of directional, predictive coding. We accomplish directional prediction with the aid of the coefficients of the undecimated wavelet transform (UDWT), which are estimated from the available DWT ones both at the encoder and decoder. Following directional prediction, a simple entropy coder takes care of the remaining redundancy. The resulting codec attains competitive performance.
Looking for mutations in PacBio cancer data: an alignment-free method (2015)

To determine the TP53 mutations present in a patient cohort (~1500 patients), breast tumor TP53 mRNA was sequenced with PacBio technology. However, none of the
existing tools, e.g. VarScan, GATK, has proven to be suitable for this type of data. Indeed, in addition to the high sequencing error rate generated by PacBio (~15%), the
tumor biopsies are contaminated by healthy tissue. This makes it difficult to differentiate real mutations as they are lost within the high background noise. To circumvent
this problem, we have developed a method for detecting mutations using De Bruijn graphs: MICADo for Mutations In Cancer Data.
Temperature effects on polymer-carbon composite sensors (2003)

At JPL we have investigated the effects of temperature on polymer-carbon black composite sensors. While the electrical properties of polymer composites have been studied, with mechanisms of conductivity described by connectivity and tunneling, it is not fully understood how these properties affect sensor characteristics and responses.
Inverse Dynamics of 2UPS-RPU Parallel Mechanism by Newton-Euler Formation (2010)

2UPS-RPU is a new 4-DOF parallel mechanism with serial input limb. In this paper, the inverse dynamic equation of this mechanism is formulated by Newton-Euler formation based on each limb and moving platform as the studying objects. The inverse kinematics of the mechanism is analyzed. The driving force, driving moment and the constraint moment can be obtained. Finally, a computer simulation is carried out to solve the inverse dynamics of the mechanism when the motion of moving platform is given.
ALTERED NEURAL CONTROL OF EPITHELIAL FUNCTION IN DIABETIC RAT SMALL INTESTINE (1998)

83 Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is associated with GI motor dysfunction, however, there is little known about changes in neural control of intestinal epithelial function. Aim: To determine the effects of diabetic hyperglycemia on small intestinal secretion, absorption, and circular smooth muscle contractility. Methods: Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (n= 4-6) received saline or streptozotocin (65 mg/kg i.p., Diabetic). After 8 wks, sections of stripped mucosa were mounted in Ussing Chambers and basal short circuit current (SCC) and resistance were measured. Concentration-dependent changes in SCC were determined in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), neurokinin A (NKA), glucose, alanine, and to acetylcholine (ACH) and substance P (SP) in the presence and absence of nifedipine. In addition, mucosa-free distal colonic muscle strips were attached to isometric transducers in the circular axis. Concentration-dependent changes in tension were determined in response to ACH, NKA and SP. Results: Diabetic rats weighed less(410±8 vs 235±24 gms) and had elevated glucose levels(103±7 vs 270±20 mg/dl). Neither basal SCC nor resistance were significantly different between the two groups. Diabetes, increased peak responses to 5-HT (20±9 vs 48±9 μA/cm2), NKA(3±5 vs 46±20 μA/cm2), glucose, and alanine(table). In contrast, diabetes reduced the response to ACH and had no effect on the response to SP. Responses to ACH were reduced by nifedipine in the saline but not the diabetic group. In contrast, responses to SP were unchanged by nifedipine in saline but increased in diabetics. Smooth muscle responses to ACH, SP and NKA were unaltered in diabetic rats.Conclusions: Diabetic hyperglycemia increases the epithelial cell nutrient absorption and decreased responses to secretagogues yet had no effect on smooth muscle tension. Changes in the dependency of responses to SP and ACH on extracellular calcium (+NIF) suggests that diabetes affects calcium transport mechanisms in response to secretagogues. Thus, the small intestine is a target for diabetic hyperglycemia eliciting changes consistent with a neuropathy affecting the submucosal plexus and cholinergic control of mucosal function.
Enantiodivergent Combination of Natural Product Scaffolds Enabled by Catalytic Enantioselective Cycloaddition (2016)

An efficient strategy has been established for the enantiodivergent synthesis of natural product inspired compounds embodying both tropane and pyrrolidine natural product fragments. This strategy includes the enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic tropanes by means of a copper(I)-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition and allows the preparation of two enantiopure products in a one-pot reaction in high yield and with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity by using one chiral catalyst.
High Throughput Lipidomic Profiling of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Brain Tissue Reveals Alterations of Free Fatty Acids, Phosphatidylcholines, and Ceramides (2008)

A mass spectrometry based high throughput approach was employed to profile white and gray matter lipid levels in the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) of 45 subjects including 15 schizophrenia and 15 bipolar disorder patients as well as 15 controls samples. We found statistically significant alterations in levels of free fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine in gray and white matter of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder samples compared to controls. Also, ceramides were identified to be significantly increased in white matter of both neuropsychiatric disorders as compared to control levels. The patient cohort investigated in this study includes a number of drug naive as well as untreated patients, allowing the assessment of drug effects on lipid levels. Our findings indicate that while gray matter phosphatidylcholine levels were influenced by antipsychotic medication, this was not the case for phosphatidylcholine levels in white matter. Changes in free fatty acids or ceramides in either white or gray matter also did not appear to be influenced by antipsychotic treatment. To assess lipid profiles in the living patient, we also profiled lipids of 40 red blood cell samples, including 7 samples from drug naive first onset patients. We found significant alterations in the concentrations of free fatty acids as well as ceramide. Overall, our findings suggest that lipid abnormalities may be a disease intrinsic feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reflected by significant changes in the central nervous system as well as peripheral tissues.
Anticipatory consent for psychiatric treatment: a potential solution for an ethical problem (1994)

Abstract —they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree and none shall make them afraid—let all people walk every one in the name of his god and we will walk in the name of the Lord our God for ever and ever. (Micah 33–5) The informed consent.of the mentally ill to their hospitaJization and treatment has raised questions and controversy with regard to its validity. This article deals with the different solutions proposed to answer these issues. One possible solution - anticipatory consent for psychiatric treatment - is discussed in depth.
ArF (193-nm) alternating aperture PSM quartz defect repair and printability for 100-nm node (2002)

Repair and printability of 193nm alternating aperture phase shift masks have been studied in detail in an effort to understand the overall production capability of these masks for wafer production at the 100nm node and below.
Population Balance Model-Based Multiobjective Optimization of a Multisegment Multiaddition (MSMA) Continuous Plug-Flow Antisolvent Crystallizer (2014)

Crystallization is a major separation process in the pharmaceutical industry. Most crystallizations are performed batchwise, but there is great incentive for converting them to continuous operations. This paper investigates the modeling, simulation, and optimization of a special antisolvent plug-flow crystallizer: the multisegmented, multiaddition plug-flow crystallizer (MSMA-PFC). The MSMA-PFC accepts multiple antisolvent flows along its length, permitting finer control of supersaturation. A steady-state population balance equation was applied for tracking the crystal size distribution, and a mass balance equation was used to track the depletion of dissolved solute (flufenamic acid). A multiobjective optimization framework was applied to determine the antisolvent flow rates into each segment that simultaneously maximize the average crystal size, and minimize the coefficient of variation. The set of coupled differential equations was solved, depending on circumstance, with either the method-of-moments (MOM), or the high-resolution finite-volume (FV) method. The significant nonconvexity in the objective functions motivated the use of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to calculate the Pareto frontiers for the two competing objectives. It was found that the optimal antisolvent profile provides better product crystals, compared to the cases with equal additions of antisolvent in 1–4 injection points by keeping the total amount of antisolvent the same. The sensitivity of the Pareto frontier to variation in the growth and nucleation kinetic parameters was investigated. In addition, a novel simultaneous design and control (SDC) approach was proposed, based on the optimization of the full crystallizer design, over not only antisolvent profile, but also the number of injections and total crystallizer length, providing the best crystallization design that can allow optimal product performance in conjunction with the multiaddition control approach.
Chemotaxonomic Characters and Classification of Some Nocardioform Bacteria (1972)

SUMMARY: Simple chemical analyses were carried out on 198 nocardioform bacteria by means of paper- and thin-layer chromatography. The strains considered to belong to the genus Nocardia contained the lipid LCN-A, arabinose and meso-diaminopimelic acid. All the representative strains from the 'Mycobacterium' rhodochrous complex possessed this lipid though in certain cases the characteristic spot had a slightly lower R F value than that of the reference lipid LCN-A from the standard strain of Nocardia asteroides. The genera Actinomadura, Mycobacterium, Oerskovia and Streptomyces did not contain lipid LCN-A and the distribution of the other two chemical characters varied. The method used to detect lipid LCN-A is simple and reliable and permits the separation of nocardias and 'M.' rhodochrous strains from allied taxa. These results correlate well with other trends in the taxonomy of nocardioform bacteria and confirm the value of chemotaxonomic characters, especially lipids, in the classification and identification of these organisms.
The structural distribution of cooperative interactions in proteins: Analysis of the native state ensemble (1998)

Cooperative interactions link the behavior of different amino acid residues within a protein molecule. As a result, the effects of chemical or physical perturbations to any given residue are propagated to other residues by an intricate network of interactions. Very often, amino acids "sense" the effects of perturbations occurring at very distant locations in the protein molecule. In these studies, we have investigated by computer simulation the structural distribution of those interactions. We show here that cooperative interactions are not intrinsically bi-directional and that different residues play different roles within the intricate network of interactions existing in a protein. The effect of a perturbation to residue j on residue k is not necessarily equal to the effect of the same perturbation to residue k on residue j. In this paper, we introduce a computer algorithm aimed at mapping the network of cooperative interactions within a protein. This algorithm exhaustively performs single site thermodynamic mutations to each residue in the protein and examines the effects of those mutations on the distribution of conformational states. The algorithm has been applied to three different proteins (lambda repressor fragment 6-85, chymotrypsin inhibitor 2, and barnase). This algorithm accounts well for the observed behavior of these proteins.
Posterior Predictive Assessment of Item Response Theory Models (2006)

Model checking in item response theory (IRT) is an underdeveloped area. There is no universally accepted tool for checking IRT models. The posterior predictive model-checking method is a popular Bayesian model-checking tool because it has intuitive appeal, is simple to apply, has a strong theoretical basis, and can provide graphical or numerical evidence about model misfit. An important issue with the application of the posterior predictive model-checking method is the choice of a discrepancy measure (which plays a role like that of a test statistic in traditional hypothesis tests). This article examines the performance of a number of discrepancy measures for assessing different aspects of fit of the common IRT models and makes specific recommendations about what measures are most useful in assessing model fit. Graphical summaries of model-checking results are demonstrated to provide useful insights about model fit.
Regression-based online situation recognition for vehicular traffic scenarios (2009)

In this paper, we present an approach for learning generalized models for traffic situations. We formulate the problem using a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) from which we learn the characteristic dynamics of a situation from labeled trajectories using kernel regression. For a new and unlabeled trajectory, we can then infer the corresponding situation by evaluating the data likelihood for the individual situation models. In experiments carried out on laser range data gathered on a car in real traffic and in simulation, we show that we can robustly recognize different traffic situations even from trajectories corresponding to partial situation instances.
An Introduction to RFID - Information Security and Privacy Concerns (2004)

This report is written as part of the course TDDC03 Information Security at Linkoping Institute of Technology. It aims to give an introduction to RFID, point out the current and future uses of the technology and to evaluate and discuss the technology from a perspective of information security and privacy with focus on new arising concerns.
Streptococcus iniae sp. nov., a Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus Isolated from an Amazon Freshwater Dolphin, Inia geoffrensis (1976)

Evidence is presented for the recognition of a new species of Streptococcus isolated from abscess foci in an Amazon freshwater dolphin, Inia geoffrensis. The organism appears to be immunologically distinct from members of the recognized Lancefield groups of streptococci. Antigens prepared by five different extraction procedures do not react with antisera to Streptococcus groups A to U, whereas antisera prepared against the new isolate react well with the extracted homologous antigens but not with antigens from groups A to U. Based on cultural, morphological, biochemical, and serological results, it is suggested that this isolate belongs to a new species for which we propose the name Streptococcus iniae. The type strain of this new species is strain PW (=ATCC 29178).
Lypsylehmän kestävyyteen kannattaa panostaa (2008)

Suomalaiset tarkkailulehmät poistetaan karjoista keskimäärin 4,9 vuoden iässä. Tällöin uudistuskustannus muodostaa noin neljänneksen maidontuotannon muuttuvista kustannuksista. Uudistuskustannuksen lisäksi lehmien kestävyydellä on vaikutusta jalostusvalinnan mahdollisuuteen, sukupolvien kiertonopeuteen sekä maitotuottoon ja eläinlääkintäkustannukseen. Uudistaminen vaikuttaa välillisesti myös naudanlihantuotantoon, sillä lypsylehmäkarjoissa ei ole varaa tehdä liharotusiemennyksiä silloin, kun lähes kaikki lehmävasikat tarvitaan uudistuseläimiksi. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli määrittää lypsylehmien optimaalinen uudistuspolitiikka ja vertailla lehmän taloudellista arvoa kahden valtarotumme, ayrshiren ja holstein-friisiläisen, kesken. Tutkimuksessa laadittiin stokastinen optimointimalli, joka ratkaistiin dynaamista ohjelmointia hyväksi käyttäen. Mallin stokastiset elementit liittyivät lehmien tuotostasoon ja terveyteen. Mallissa ratkaistiin lypsykausittain, kannattaako eläintä vielä pitää tuotannossa, vai tulisiko se jo korvata uudella. Optimipäätösten lisäksi mallin tuloksena saatiin lehmästä odotettavissa olevien tuottojen nykyarvo. Lehmien tuotos ja sen vaihtelu lypsykauden mukaan ennustettiin lehmien jalostusarvostelussa käytettävän koelypsymallin perusteella. Eläinlääkinnän tarve ja pakkopoiston riski määriteltiin lypsylehmien terveystarkkailuaineistosta. Sairauksien aiheuttamat tuotosmenetykset arvioitiin aikaisempien tutkimusten perusteella. Panosten ja tuotosten hintoina käytettiin ajankohdan markkinahintoja ja tuotantokustannuksia. Suomalaisten lypsylehmien tuotantoiän pidentäminen on mahdollista, sillä vain noin puolet eläinten poistoista on luokiteltavissa pakollisiksi. Tutkimuksen tulokset antavat viitteitä siitä, että se on myös kannattavaa. Optimaalisella poistopolitiikalla ja oletetuilla pakkopoistoilla mallin karjan keskipoikimakerta vakiintui noin puolitoista poikimista nykyistä tarkkailukarjojen keskiarvoa suuremmaksi. Tilakohtaisesti optimaalinen uudistusnopeus riippuu muun muassa siitä, miten karja jakaantuu tuotoskyvyltään eri luokkiin. Vapaaehtoisesti kannattaa uudistaa vain karjan heikoimmat lehmät. Herkkyysanalyysi osoitti, ettei optimipäätös ole herkkä maidon tai tuotantopanosten hintamuutoksille. Lehmän arvoon hintamuutoksilla on kuitenkin suuri vaikutus. Ennenaikaisiin poistoihin johtavia tapaturmia ja sairauksia tulisi ennaltaehkäistä maidontuotannon taloudellisen tuloksen parantamiseksi. Hoidettavissa olevat sairaudet kannattaa pääsääntöisesti hoitaa sen sijaan, että sairastunut lehmä korvattaisiin ensikolla. Pitkän aikavälin tarkastelussa ayrshirelehmän taloudellinen arvo on hieman suurempi kuin holstein-friisiläisen lehmän, jolla on korkeampi tuotos mutta suurempi riski sairastua tai tulla pakkopoistetuksi. Tulos osoittaa, että lypsylehmien jalostuksessa kannattaa tuotosominaisuuksien lisäksi antaa painoa myös lehmän kestävyysominaisuuksille.
Three-Dimensional Traction Force Microscopy: A New Tool for Quantifying Cell-Matrix Interactions (2011)

The interactions between biochemical processes and mechanical signaling play important roles during various cellular processes such as wound healing, embryogenesis, metastasis, and cell migration. While traditional traction force measurements have provided quantitative information about cell matrix interactions in two dimensions, recent studies have shown significant differences in the behavior and morphology of cells when placed in three-dimensional environments. Hence new quantitative experimental techniques are needed to accurately determine cell traction forces in three dimensions. Recently, two approaches both based on laser scanning confocal microscopy have emerged to address this need. This study highlights the details, implementation and advantages of such a three-dimensional imaging methodology with the capability to compute cellular traction forces dynamically during cell migration and locomotion. An application of this newly developed three-dimensional traction force microscopy (3D TFM) technique to single cell migration studies of 3T3 fibroblasts is presented to show that this methodology offers a new quantitative vantage point to investigate the three-dimensional nature of cell-ECM interactions.
Intramuscular or Intralipomatous Injections? (1982)

VIEWING routine computerized-tomography (CT) scans of the pelvis suggests that in a North American population the majority of injections intended to be intramuscular are actually delivered into fat.To confirm or refute this impression we studied the thickness of gluteal fat in a hospital population. We found that few female patients and under 15 per cent of male patients do in fact receive an intramuscular injection when a needle of the usual size is inserted into the buttocks. The implications of this finding are discussed below.MethodsTo learn where the needle is introduced in intramuscular injections, we observed both . . .
Ultra-compact absolute pressure sensor based on mechanical amplification coupled to a suspended piezoresistive nanogauge (2013)

Numerous pressure sensors have been developed over the last 4 decades using piezoelectric, capacitive or piezoresistive detection. Most of them are based on a direct readout of a membrane deformation, whose area is in the order of 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the concept of an ultra-compact (0.04mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) absolute pressure sensor based on suspended nano-gauges with mechanical amplification and embedded self-test.