gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Distinguishing Features of Hepatocellular Adenoma and Focal Nodular Hyperplasia on Gadoxetate Disodium–Enhanced MRI (2011)

Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI had high accuracy in diagnosis of FNH and hepatocellular adenoma, and the hepatocyte phase improved their distinction. FNH enhances significantly more than hepatocellular adenoma. An enhancement ratio, particularly in the hepatocyte phase, can be potentially used as an additional distinguishing feature.
Single-photon quantum hardware: towards scalable photonic quantum technology with a quantum advantage (2021)

The scaling up of quantum hardware is the fundamental challenge ahead in order to realize the disruptive potential of quantum technology in information science. Among the plethora of hardware platforms, photonics stands out by offering a modular approach, where the main challenge is to construct sufficiently high-quality building blocks and develop methods to efficiently interface them. Importantly, the subsequent scaling-up will make full use of the mature integrated photonic technology provided by photonic foundry infrastructure to produce small foot-print quantum processors of immense complexity. A fully coherent and deterministic photon-emitter interface is a key enabler of quantum photonics, and can today be realized with solid-state quantum emitters with specifications reaching the quantitative benchmark referred to as Quantum Advantage. This light-matter interaction primer realizes a range of quantum photonic resources and functionalities, including on-demand single-photon and multi-photon entanglement sources, and photon-photon nonlinear quantum gates. We will present the current state-of-the-art in single-photon quantum hardware and the main photonic building blocks required in order to scale up. Furthermore, we will point out specific promising applications of the hardware building blocks within quantum communication and photonic quantum computing, laying out the road ahead for quantum photonics applications that could offer a genuine quantum advantage.
Reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on rare earth metal oxide catalysts (1983)

R. Kieffer, J. Varela and A. Deluzarche, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 763 DOI: 10.1039/C39830000763
Dynamic graph cuts for colon segmentation in functional cine-MRI (2012)

A major limitation of graph cuts for the segmentation of large 2D image sequences is its interactive nature. The user has to provide seeds for almost every image frame to get an accurate segmentation. Straightforward approaches like direct copying of seeds provided in the first frame to other frames of the sequence fail in cases of great contrast or topo-logical changes that occur when there is a large temporal distance between frames. In this work, we propose a dynamic seed propagation technique which can automatically adjust to any contrast or topological changes in a sequence. To this end, distance transform and skeleton extraction methods are employed to initialize the segmentation of the current frame using the result of the previous one. The proposed methods were used for the segmentation of functional cine-MRI sequences of colon which is especially challenging due to the large temporal distance between its frames. Both quantitative and qualitative results show good performance of the proposed method.
State-to-state photochemistry of glyoxal using a tunable VUV laser for product detection (1984)

The predissociation of glyoxal has been studied by laser excitation of glyoxal molecules in a supersonic beam, followed by VUV laser‐induced fluorescene (LIF) detection of the photofragments. Preliminary results on the time evolution of the photodissociation, as well as the internal energy distribution of the CO photoproduct will be discussed.
The reactions of 4-substituted-7-aminothieno-[3,4-d]pyridazines and 2-methyl-6-aminothienopyridine-5-thione with electron-poor olefins and acetylenes (1997)

Cycloadditions of thienopyridazines and a thienopyridine with electron-poor olefins and acetylenes as dienophiles are described. The nonisolable adducts undergo subsequent loss of hydrogen sulfide to give substituted phthalazines and substituted isoquinolines, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interactions of Nitrovasodilators, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide (1996)

Nitroglycerin (NTG), endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) dilate vessels by a common pathway (cyclic guanosine monophosphate- dependent mechanism). Thus, these vasodilators may potentially influence the vasodilator properties of each other. We examined whether tolerance to NTG influences vasorelaxation to ANP, EDRF and other nitrovasodilators, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Concentration-response curves for various vasodilators during stable contraction to PGF2alpha were examined before and after the induction of NTG tolerance. Rings exposed to NTG (100 microM) for 60 min showed marked impairment of vasorelaxation to NTG itself. This NTG tolerance significantly attenuated vasorelaxation to either ISDN, SNP or EDRF stimulated by bradykinin. In contrast, the NTG tolerance did not alter vasorelaxation to either ANP or isoproterenol. The attenuated responses to NTG, ISDN, SNP and bradykinin recovered in a time-dependent manner during the subsequent washout period, suggesting this inhibition is reversible. The denudation of the endothelium significantly sensitized relaxation to NTG but did not change relaxation to ANP. These results suggest that (1) vasorelaxations to nitrovasodilators and EDRF are significantly attenuated by NTG tolerance and (2) ANP-induced vasorelaxation is not affected by exposure to either exogenous nitrovasodilator or endogenous endothelium-derived nitric oxide. ANP may be a potentially beneficial vasodilator in arteries which have developed tolerance to nitrovasodilators.
Formation of Fe- and Mg-Rich Smectite under Hyperalkaline Conditions at Narra in Palawan, the Philippines (2018)

The formation of Fe- and Mg-rich smectite and zeolite under alkaline conditions, as secondary minerals after the alkaline alteration of bentonite in repositories for radioactive waste, is of major concern. It is crucial for safety assessments to know whether smectite is formed as a secondary mineral after the alkaline alteration of bentonite. In the present paper, Fe- and Mg-rich smectite, which interacted with the hyperalkaline groundwater at Narra in Palawan, Philippines, was used. Mineralogical and geochemical investigation was conducted to understand the formation process of the smectite and the factors determining the formation of secondary mineral species. The results suggest that a certain amount of smectite may be generated under hyperalkaline conditions, by alteration from amorphous or poorly crystalline components such as M-S-H and F-S-H. Therefore, the controlling factor determining whether smectite or zeolite will be generated as secondary minerals after alkaline alteration of bentonite could be whether nuclei of M-S-H and/or F-S-H are formed. Whether such formation takes place may be determined by the presence of dissolved Mg2+ and Fe2+ in the environment. The formation process of smectite under alkaline conditions, suggested by the results here, is analogous to the generally accepted model of smectite formation as it may have occurred on early Mars.
Energy Harvesting-Aided Spectrum Sensing and Data Transmission in Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Sensor Network (2016)

The incorporation of Cognitive Radio (CR) and Energy Harvesting (EH) capabilities in wireless sensor networks enables spectrum and energy efficient heterogeneous cognitive radio sensor networks (HCRSNs). The new networking paradigm of HCRSNs consists of EH-enabled spectrum sensors and battery powered data sensors. Spectrum sensors can cooperatively scan the licensed spectrum for available channels, while data sensors monitor an area of interest and transmit sensed data to the sink over those channels. In this work, we propose a resource allocation solution for the HCRSN to achieve the sustainability of spectrum sensors and conserve energy of data sensors. The proposed solution is achieved by two algorithms that operate in tandem, a spectrum sensor scheduling algorithm and a data sensor resource allocation algorithm. The spectrum sensor scheduling algorithm allocates channels to spectrum sensors such that the average detected available time for the channels is maximized, while the EH dynamics are considered and PU transmissions are protected. The data sensor resource allocation algorithm allocates the transmission time, power and channels such that the energy consumption of the data sensors is minimized. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the energy consumption of the data sensors can be significantly reduced while maintaining the sustainability of the spectrum sensors.
Regiocontrolled synthesis of hydroxyphthalides. Synthesis of (.+-.)-isoochracinic acid and a zealeranone intermediate (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiocontrolled synthesis of hydroxyphthalides. Synthesis of (.+-.)-isoochracinic acid and a zealeranone intermediateBarry M. Trost, Gordon T. Rivers, and Jeffrey M. GoldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 10, 1835–1838Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01298a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01298a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views716Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of Diamonds on Iridium by Patterned Nucleation and Growth Method (2012)

Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of diamond on Ir(001)/MgO(001) substrates was demonstrated by using a patterned nucleation and growth method. Epitaxial nucleation areas of fine line shape aligned with various crystal orientations were prepared on an Ir(001) surface before diamond growth. The growth rate of the diamonds in the lateral direction markedly changed depending on both the crystal orientation and the growth conditions. A lateral/vertical growth rate ratio of approximately 4.9 was obtained. The full widths at half maximum of the diamond Raman peak observed at the laterally grown areas were approximately threefold better than that of the vertically grown areas on the nucleation sites.
Photoenhanced wet oxidation of gallium nitride (2000)

We investigate the photo-oxidation process and the corresponding passivation effects on the optical properties of unintentionally doped n-type gallium nitride (GaN). When illuminated with a 253.7 nm mercury line source, oxidation of GaN is found to take place in aqueous phosphorus acid solutions with pH values ranging from 3 to 4. At room temperature, the photo-oxidation process is found reaction-rate limited and has a peak value of 224 nm/h at pH=3.5. Compared with the as-grown GaN layers, threefold enhancement in the photocurrent and photoluminescence response are observed on the oxidized GaN surfaces. These results are attributed to the surface passivation effects due to the deep ultraviolet-enhanced wet oxidation on GaN.
Comprehensive loop testing of a broadly graded (4-component) slurry (2017)

A 4-component model for settling slurry pipeline friction loss has been previously described by Wilson and Sellgren. The goal of the present work was to collect a comprehensive and accurate data se ...
A Novel Inhibitor of the LolCDE ABC Transporter Essential for Lipoprotein Trafficking in Gram-Negative Bacteria (2018)

The outer membrane is an essential structural component of Gram-negative bacteria that is composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids, and integral β-barrel membrane proteins. A dedicated machinery, called the Lol system, ensures proper trafficking of lipoproteins from the inner to the outer membrane. The LolCDE ABC transporter is the inner membrane component, which is essential for bacterial viability. Here, we report a novel pyrrolopyrimidinedione compound, G0507, which was identified in a phenotypic screen for inhibitors of <i>Escherichia coli</i> growth followed by selection of compounds that induced the extracytoplasmic σ<sup>E</sup> stress response. Mutations in <i>lolC</i>, <i>lolD</i>, and <i>lolE</i> conferred resistance to G0507, suggesting LolCDE as its molecular target. Treatment of <i>E. coli</i> cells with G0507 resulted in accumulation of fully processed Lpp, an outer membrane lipoprotein, in the inner membrane. Using purified protein complexes, we found that G0507 binds to LolCDE and stimulates its ATPase activity. G0507 still binds to LolCDE harboring a Q258K substitution in LolC (LolC<sub>Q258K</sub>), which confers high-level resistance to G0507 <i>in vivo</i> but no longer stimulates ATPase activity. Our work demonstrates that G0507 has significant promise as a chemical probe to dissect lipoprotein trafficking in Gram-negative bacteria.
F and G grades ignored again in the pay round (2000)

I was pleased to see the government continues to recognise the importance of nurses, with the pay award of 3.4 per cent average and experienced E grade nurses receiving 7.8 per cent.
Supplementary Table 1 from Origins and Prevalence of the American Founder Mutation of <i>MSH2</i> (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Origins and Prevalence of the American Founder Mutation of &lt;i&gt;MSH2&lt;/i&gt;
<title>Detection of high-amplitude vibrations on rough surfaces using a photorefractive velocimeter</title> (2000)

We present a characterize theoretically and experimentally a photorefractive velocimeter. This device, based on two wave mixing in a rapid photorefractive crystal, measures the instantaneous velocity of a vibrating target. It is particularly adapted to the measurement of high amplitude (as high as some mm) low frequency (until some kHz) vibrations. Instantaneous velocity as high as 25 mm.s<SUP>-1</SUP> are expected to be measured with common photorefractive semiconductors and CW lasers.
Insulin-like Growth Factors and Fish Reproduction (2009)

Knowledge of fish reproduction is of high relevance to basic fish biology and comparative evolution. Furthermore, fish are excellent biomedical models, and the impact of aquaculture on worldwide food production is steadily increasing. Consequently, research on fish reproduction and the potential modes of its manipulation has become more and more important. Reproduction in fish is regulated by the integration of endogenous neuroendocrine (gonadotropins), endocrine, and autocrine/paracrine signals with exogenous (environmental) factors. The main endocrine regulators of gonadal sex differentiation and function are steroid hormones. However, recent studies suggest that other hormones are also involved. Most prominent among these hormones are the insulin-like growth factors (Igfs), i.e., Igf1, Igf2, and, most recently, Igf3. Thus, the present review deals with the expression patterns and potential physiological functions of Igf1 and Igf2 in male and female gonads. It further considers the potential involvement of growth hormone (Gh) and balances the reasons for endocrine vs. autocrine/paracrine action of the Igfs on the gonads of fish. Finally, this review discusses the early and late development of gonadal Igf1 and Igf2 and whether they are targets of endocrine-disrupting compounds. Future topics for novel research investigation on Igfs and fish reproduction are presented.
Development of a Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Squash Mosaic Virus Useful for Broad Spectrum Detection of Various Serotypes and its Incorporation into a Multiplex Seed Health Assay (2011)

Seed-borne pathogens pose a serious threat to modern agricultural cropping systems, as they can be disseminated to many geographical regions around the world. With trends of increasing global seed production and trade, seed-health testing is an important quality control step to prevent the introduction of harmful pathogens into agricultural production systems. An effective seed-health assay depends on a test that can provide timely, sensitive and broad-spectrum detection of all genetic variants of a pathogen, or in some cases, of several different pathogens. Previously, we developed a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay that would permit the simultaneous detection of two major seed-borne pathogens of cucurbits, the bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (AAC, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch) and a fungus Didymella bryoniae (DB, the causal agent of gummy stem blight). The objective of the present study was to develop a sensitive, reverse transcriptase (RT)-based, qRT-PCR for broad spectrum detection of both serotypes of Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), that could be incorporated into a simultaneous detection of three pathogen types in a single PCR reaction. Converting SqMV RNA to cDNA prior to multiplexing stabilized the viral template that was then mixed with two other DNA templates (AAC and DB). To facilitate seed health testing, a generic plant nucleic acid extraction method was developed for cucurbit seeds. Using this method, nucleic acids extracted from seeds yielded strong signals for each target pathogen in multiplex qPCR. The ability to use a general nucleic acid extraction technique with subsequent PCR to detect bacterial, fungal and viral plant pathogens lends itself to a universal system for cucurbit seed health testing.
Privacy modeling for video data publication (2010)

Video cameras are being extensively used in many applications. Huge amounts of video are being recorded and stored everyday by surveillance systems. Any proposed application of this data raises severe privacy concerns. An assessment of privacy loss is necessary before any potential application of the data. In traditional methods of privacy modeling, researchers have focused on explicit means of identity leakage like facial information, etc. However, other implicit inference channels through which individual's an identity can be learned have not been considered. For example, an adversary can observe the behavior, look at the places visited and combine that with the temporal information to infer the identity of the person in the video. In this work, we thoroughly investigate privacy issues involved with the video data considering both implicit and explicit channels. We first establish an analogy with the statistical databases and then propose a model to calculate the privacy loss that might occur due to publication of the video data. The experimental results demonstrate the utility of the proposed model.
Molecular Imaging of Cancer Cells Using a Bacteriophage‐Based 129Xe NMR Biosensor (2013)

NMR-Bildgebung: Der fadenförmige Bakteriophage fd, der Antikörper exprimiert und den epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor (EGFR) erkennt, wurde mit käfigartigen Xenon-bindenden Molekülen (CryA) modifiziert. Das resultierende Kontrastmittel bindet an EGFR-positive Zelllinien und wurde mit einer Kombination aus hyperpolarisierter 129Xe-NMR-Spektroskopie und CEST (hyperCEST, siehe Bild) detektiert. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Apoptotic cell death of proliferating neuroepithelial cells in the embryonic retina is prevented by insulin (1999)

The role of programmed cell death is well established for connecting neurons. Conversely, much less is known about apoptosis affecting proliferating neuroepithelial cells. Chick retina from day 4 to day 6 of embryonic development (E), essentially proliferative, presented a defined distribution of apoptotic cells during normal in vivo development, as visualized by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Insulin, expressed in the early chick embryonic retina as proinsulin, attenuated apoptosis in growth factor-deprived organotypic culture of E5 retina. This effect was demonstrated both by TUNEL and by staining of pyknotic nuclei, as well as by release of nucleosomes. Application of a 1 h [methyl-3H]thymidine pulse in ovo at E5, followed by organotypic culture in the presence or absence of insulin, showed that this factor alone decreased the degradation of labelled DNA to nucleosomes by 40%, as well as the proportion of labelled pyknotic nuclei. Both features are a consequence of apoptosis affecting neuroepithelial cells, which were in S-phase or shortly after. In addition, when the E5 embryos were maintained in ovo after the application of [methyl-3H]thymidine, 70% of the apoptotic retinal cells were labelled, indicating the in vivo prevalence of cell death among actively proliferating neuroepithelial cells. Apoptotic cell death is thus temporally and spatially regulated during proliferative stages of retinal neurogenesis, and embryonic proinsulin is presumably an endogenous protective factor.
Congestive heart failure and endocardial fibroelastosis caused by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1980)

Endocardial fibroelastosis developed in the heart of a patient who had chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemic infiltrates were found in the endocardial scar tissue, myocardium, coronary arteries, and other viscera. In view of the absence of any other known cause of endocardial fibroelastosis, it is postulated that endocardial fibroelastosis was caused by myocardial leukemic infiltration. This is the first reported case of endocardial fibroelastosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Synthesis and characterization of inorganic solid electrolytes of Li2O-SiO2-P2O5 and Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 systems (2007)

The lithium-ion-conducting inorganic solid electrolytes in the oxide systems Li2O-SiO2-P2O5 and Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 were prepared by the solid-state reaction, and the electrolyte pellet made by cold-pressing method had diameter of 13 mm and was about 1 mm thick. Phase identification and surface morphology of the products were carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Ionic conductivity of the pellets was investigated through ac impedance. The results show that the adding of other cations can improve the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, and the sintering temperature and duration can influence the ionic conductivity. The maximum ionic conductivity in the samples is 9.9 × 10−4 S/cm in the Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 system.
Design and Automation for Quantum Computation and Quantum Technologies (2022)

Quantum computation is a promising field of research that will shift the computation paradigm for data and information processing with quantum parallelism. This Special Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL ON EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (JETCAS) is dedicated to showcasing the latest research progress on the design and automation for quantum computation and quantum technologies.