gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Donor leukocyte infusions after unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2006)

This review summarizes recent data on the use of unrelated-donor leukocyte infusion. We discuss anticipated outcomes and identify areas under active investigation in both ablative and nonmyeloablative unrelated-donor stem cell transplantation.
Effect of Humic Acids on Coal Flotation Part I. Coal Flotation Selectivity in the Presence of Humic Acids (1986)

Humic acids, products of profound coal oxidation, were shown to strongly affect coal floatability. These anionic polyelectrolytes make the zeta potential values of kerosene droplets as well as coal particles much more negative. Coal flotation selectivity in the presence of a humic acid has been shown to depend upon the time of conditioning with the humic acid and an oily collector (kerosene or fuel oil). After conditioning both humic acid and kerosene (or fuel oil) with coal for a few minutes, subsequent smaller additions of kerosene (or fuel oil) leads to a drastic increase in recovery at much better selectivity.
Lensfree on-chip high-resolution imaging using two-way lighting, and its limitations (2016)

A high-magnification image of a biological sample can generally be obtained by an optical microscope with an objective lens, moving the image sensor with a sub-pixel shift and the subsequent image processing for super-resolution. However, to obtain a high-resolution image, a large number of images will be required for the super-resolution, and thus it is difficult to achieve real-time operation, and the field-of-view (FOV) is not sufficiently wide. The currently proposed digital holography technique places a sample on the image sensor and captures the interference fringe (hologram) to reconstruct a 3D high-resolution image in a computer. This technique ensures the features of a wide FOV, whereas the high resolution obtained by image processing cannot ensure real-time operation, because it requires recursive calculations of light propagation and adequate computer resources. To realize wide FOV and the real-time operation at the same time, we have developed a new technique: Lensfree on-chip high-resolution imaging using two-way lighting. High-resolution image is immediately obtained by image processing of the low-resolution images of the samples. This makes it possible to ensure a wide FOV, a deep depth of focus without the need for focus adjustment, and a continuously expanding operation. We also discuss the limitations of the high resolution.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND PARATHYROID HORMONE* (1963)

Over three decades ago, it was established that deficiency of either vitamin D or parathyroid hor- mone may lead to tetany and hypocalcemia (1, 2). Since then, there has been continued interest in the relationship between the biologic effects of these two agents. At one time it was believed that the D vitamins exerted their effects by stimulating the parathyroid glands, but this concept be- came untenable after it was established that vita- min D could induce hypercalcemia in hypopara- thyroid organisms. More recently it has been proposed that the hormone exerts its characteristic effects only in vitamin D-fed animals (3), and that the basis of this action depends upon a chemical interaction between the two (4). These proposals are not satisfactory because there is considerable clinical and pathological evidence (5) suggesting that parathyroid hyperfunction exists in vitamin D deficiency. Certainly complete synergism of action seems most unlikely because of the well-established difference in the syndromes produced by their separate deficiencies (5). On the other hand, there is no satisfactory explana- tion for the persistent hypocalcemia in D-deficient animals, in spite of apparent parathyroid over- function, nor for the observations of Harrison, Harrison, and Park (3) that the administration of a standard dose of parathyroid hormone to a D-deficient rat results in little or no change in the concentration of either calcium or phosphate in the plasma.
A Small-Footprint Accelerator for Large-Scale Neural Networks (2015)

Machine-learning tasks are becoming pervasive in a broad range of domains, and in a broad range of systems (from embedded systems to data centers). At the same time, a small set of machine-learning algorithms (especially Convolutional and Deep Neural Networks, i.e., CNNs and DNNs) are proving to be state-of-the-art across many applications. As architectures evolve toward heterogeneous multicores composed of a mix of cores and accelerators, a machine-learning accelerator can achieve the rare combination of efficiency (due to the small number of target algorithms) and broad application scope. Until now, most machine-learning accelerator designs have been focusing on efficiently implementing the computational part of the algorithms. However, recent state-of-the-art CNNs and DNNs are characterized by their large size. In this study, we design an accelerator for large-scale CNNs and DNNs, with a special emphasis on the impact of memory on accelerator design, performance, and energy. We show that it is possible to design an accelerator with a high throughput, capable of performing 452 GOP/s (key NN operations such as synaptic weight multiplications and neurons outputs additions) in a small footprint of 3.02mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and 485mW; compared to a 128-bit 2GHz SIMD processor, the accelerator is 117.87 × faster, and it can reduce the total energy by 21.08 ×. The accelerator characteristics are obtained after layout at 65nm. Such a high throughput in a small footprint can open up the usage of state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms in a broad set of systems and for a broad set of applications.
Gender differences in externalizing and internalizing problems in Singaporean children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (2020)

Abstract Background : Studies on gender differences in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidities in the Asian populations have been limited and previous studies have shown inconclusive findings. Singapore is a city-state country in Southeast Asia with a population of 5.7 million. This study examined gender differences in internalizing and externalizing problems in Singaporean children and adolescents with ADHD. The plausible social factors underlying the gender differences were discussed. Methods : A total of 773 participants (aged 6 to 18, 88% males) newly diagnosed with ADHD were recruited from the largest public child and adolescent psychiatric center in Singapore. Their internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed using the Child Behavioral Checklist and Teacher’s Report Form by parents and teachers respectively. Demographics and relevant social factors were collected using parent questionnaires. Results : Females with ADHD were reported to have less delinquent and aggressive behavior but more depressive symptoms than their male counterparts, similar to findings in the Western literature. Older age, lower socioeconomic status and parental use of physical punishment were associated with higher internalizing and externalizing problems after controlling for other factors. Conclusions: Gender differences in ADHD comorbidities do exist in the Asian clinical population. The lack of externalizing symptoms in females with ADHD has made timely referral and diagnosis challenging. More research is needed in understanding the gender differences in ADHD and the biopsychosocial mechanism underlying the differences in order to improve the detection of ADHD in females.
Estrogen Receptor α Signaling in T Lymphocytes Is Required for Estradiol-Mediated Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 Cell Differentiation and Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2011)

Estrogen treatment exerts a protective effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and is under clinical trial for multiple sclerosis therapy. Estrogens have been suspected to protect from CNS autoimmunity through their capacity to exert anti-inflammatory as well as neuroprotective effects. Despite the obvious impacts of estrogens on the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and EAE, the dominant cellular target that orchestrates the anti-inflammatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) in EAE is still ill defined. Using conditional estrogen receptor (ER) α-deficient mice and bone marrow chimera experiments, we show that expression of ERα is critical in hematopoietic cells but not in endothelial ones to mediate the E2 inhibitory effect on Th1 and Th17 cell priming, resulting in EAE protection. Furthermore, using newly created cell type-specific ERα-deficient mice, we demonstrate that ERα is required in T lymphocytes, but neither in macrophages nor dendritic cells, for E2-mediated inhibition of Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and protection from EAE. Lastly, in absence of ERα in host nonhematopoietic tissues, we further show that ERα signaling in T cells is necessary and sufficient to mediate the inhibitory effect of E2 on EAE development. These data uncover T lymphocytes as a major and nonredundant cellular target responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of E2 in Th17 cell-driven CNS autoimmunity.
Anticancer activity of cardiac glycosides (2012)

Retrospective clinical data indicate that cardiac glycosides (CGs), notably digoxin, prolong the survival of carcinoma patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. CGs are known to influence the immune response at multiple levels. In addition, recent results suggest that CGs trigger the immunogenic demise of cancer cells, an effect that most likely contributes to their clinical anticancer activity.
Microdroplets Accelerate Ring Opening of Epoxides (2018)

The nucleophilic opening of an epoxide is a classic organic reaction that has widespread utility in both academic and industrial applications. We have studied the reaction of limonene oxide with morpholine to form 1-methyl-2-morpholino-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohexan-1-ol in bulk solution and in electrosprayed microdroplets with a 1:1 v/v water/methanol solvent system. We find that even after 90 min at room temperature, there is no product detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in bulk solution whereas in room-temperature microdroplets (2-3 μm in diameter), the yield is already 0.5% in a flight time of 1 ms as observed by mass spectrometry. This constitutes a rate acceleration of ~ 10<sup>5</sup> in the microdroplet environment, if we assume that as much as 5% of product is formed in bulk after 90 min of reaction time. We examine how the reaction rate depends on droplet size, solvent composition, sheath gas pressure, and applied voltage. These factors profoundly influence the extent of reaction. This dramatic acceleration is not limited to just one system. We have also found that the nucleophilic opening of cis-stilbene oxide by morpholine is similarly accelerated. Such large acceleration factors in reaction rates suggest the use of microdroplets for ring opening of epoxides in other systems, which may have practical significance if such a procedure could be scaled. Graphical Abstract This graphical image is distorted. It is too extended in the vertical direction. Please fix.ᅟ.
Detecting robust time-delayed regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2009)

Abstract Background Time delays are often found in gene regulation though most techniques of building gene regulatory networks are not capable of capturing such phenomena. Here we look at the delays in the DNA repair system of <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>which is unusually slow in the bacteria. We propose a method based on a skip-chain model to study this phenomena in gene networks. The Viterbi paths of the underlying Markov chains find the most likely regulatory interactions among genes, taking care of very long delays. Using the derived networks, we discuss the delayed regulations and robustness of the DNA damage seen in the bacterium. Results We evaluated our method on time-course gene expressions after DNA damage with Mitocyin C. Several time-delayed interactions were observed with our analysis. The presence of hubs in the networks indicates that a small number of transcriptional factors regulate the rest of the system. We demonstrate the use of priors to overcome over-fitting problem in the generation of networks. We compare our results with the gene networks derived with dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN). Conclusion Different transcription networks are active at different stages, and constant feedback and regulation is maintained throughout the activities of a biological pathway. Skip-chain models are capable of capturing, long distant and the time-delayed regulations. Use of a Dirichlet prior over parameters and Gibbs prior over structure can greatly reduce the over-fitting in the new model.
Synthesis of 2-(1-Oxo-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrrolizin-2-yl)-2-(Aryl)Acetonitrile Derivatives Via Michael Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide (2018)

Several 2-aryl-2-(1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrolizin-2-yl)acetonitrile derivatives were synthesised by Michael addition of ( E)-2-arylidene-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrolizin-1-ones with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in moderate yields. The structures of all of the products were fully characterised by NMR, IR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, together with X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Universal Design for Transition: A Conceptual Framework for Blending Academics and Transition Instruction (2018)

This theoretical paper comprised the development of a conceptual framework for blending academic and transition content to help members of the special education field meet both the academic and transition needs of students with disabilities, including students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The current conceptual framework was used to explain how the components from Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and transition are blended to create the Universal Design for Transition (UDT) framework, which is a guide for implementing and promoting barrier-free transitions. In the current study, the final conceptual framework included multiple components that use the following UDL academic principles: (a) multiple means of representation, (b) multiple means of expression, and (c) multiple means of engagement. The UDL concept of barrier-free learning was combined with the transition-based principles of: (a) multiple life domains, (b) multiple means of assessment, (c) self- determination, and (d) multiple resources and perspectives, to form the UDT conceptual framework. Implications and planning for future research regarding the UDT framework are discussed.
A Design Expert System for Auto-Routing of Ship Pipes (1999)

Finding the optimum route of ship pipes is a complicated and time-consuming process. Experience of designers is the main tool in this process. To reduce design man-hours and human errors an expert system shell and a geometric modeling kernel are integrated to automate the design process. Existing algorithms for routing problems have been analyzed -most of them are to solve 2-D circuit routing problems. Design of the ship piping system, especially within the engine room, is a complicated, large-scale 3-D routing problem. Methods of expert systems have been implemented to find the routes of ship pipes on the main deck of a bulk carrier. A framework of the intelligent CAD system for pipe auto-routing is suggested. The CADDS 5 of Computer vision is used as the overall CAD environment, the Nexpert Object of Neuron Data is used as the expert system shell, and the CADDS 5 ISSM is used to build user interface through which geometric models" of pipes are created and modified.
Traditional and molecular analyses of the genes encoding pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule production (1994)

The pneumococcus constitutes one of the most important human pathogens and is among the most thoroughly studied of all bacteria. Virulence in humans is conferred primarily by the presence of an antiphagocytic extracellular polysaccharide capsule. Perhaps the greatest biological discovery of the twentieth century can be directly linked to investigations of the pneumococcal capsule. Specifically, following earlier work on transformation by Fred Griffith and others, Oswald Avery and colleagues showed that DNA, and not some other cellular component was responsible for the transformation of pneumococci from an unencapsulated to an encapsulated state. This finding led to research demonstrating that genes responsible for encapsulation are closely linked. Almost twenty years elapsed prior to the initiation of work designed to delineate the molecular architecture of the encapsulation genes. The rate of progress in this area is increasing rapidly at present and offers great promise for the complete analysis of Avery's transforming principle.
GRE: Graded Residual Energy Based Lifetime Prolonging Algorithm for Pipeline Monitoring Sensor (2008)

Wireless sensor networks have been applied to monitor pipeline structural health. In these networks, expensive multi-sinks with energy harvesting modules are deployed along the linear pipeline, and battery powered sensor nodes are deployed between the sinks. One of the main problems in such networks is the unbalance of energy consumption of sensor nodes, which makes the whole monitoring system lose its functionality with only a small percentage of sensor nodes depleted of their energy. In this paper, we propose a distributed sensing data propagation algorithm based on graded residual energy (GRE) of the sensor nodes, in order to achieve balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes. The optimum number of energy grades of GRE has been calculated through theoretical analysis in terms of maximizing network lifetime. The simulation results have shown that GRE can achieve balanced energy consumption between the sensor nodes and at the same time prolong the lifetime of the whole monitoring system.
The Karyopherin proteins, Crm1 and Karyopherin β1, are overexpressed in cervical cancer and are critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation (2008)

The Karyopherin proteins are involved in nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking and are critical for protein and RNA subcellular localization. Recent studies suggest they are important in nuclear envelope component assembly, mitosis and replication. Since these are all critical cellular functions, alterations in the expression of the Karyopherins may have an impact on the biology of cancer cells. In this study, we examined the expression of the Karyopherins, Crm1, Karyopherin beta1 (Kpnbeta1) and Karyopherin alpha2 (Kpnalpha2), in cervical tissue and cell lines. The functional significance of these proteins to cancer cells was investigated using individual siRNAs to inhibit their expression. Microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence revealed significantly higher expression of Crm1, Kpnbeta1 and Kpnalpha2 in cervical cancer compared to normal tissue. Expression levels were similarly elevated in cervical cancer cell lines compared to normal cells, and in transformed epithelial and fibroblast cells. Inhibition of Crm1 and Kpnbeta1 in cancer cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, while Kpnalpha2 inhibition had no effect. Noncancer cells were unaffected by the inhibition of Crm1 and Kpnbeta1. The reduction in proliferation of cancer cells was associated with an increase in a subG1 population by cell cycle analysis and Caspase-3/7 assays revealed increased apoptosis. Crm1 and Kpnbeta1 siRNA-induced apoptosis was accompanied by an increase in the levels of growth inhibitory proteins, p53, p27, p21 and p18. Our results demonstrate that Crm1, Kpnbeta1 and Kpnalpha2 are overexpressed in cervical cancer and that inhibiting the expression of Crm1 and Kpnbeta1, not Kpnalpha2, induces cancer cell death, making Crm1 and Kpnbeta1 promising candidates as both biomarkers and potential anticancer therapeutic targets.
Four new lipo-alkaloids from aconiti tuber. (1982)

Four new lipo-alkaloids, named lipoaconitine (10), lipohypaconitine (11), lipomesaconitine (12), and lipodeoxyaconitine (13), have been isolated from Aconiti Tuber ("chuanwu"imported from Si Chuan, China) and their structures elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.
Explicit Shape Encoding for Real-Time Instance Segmentation (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel top-down instance segmentation framework based on explicit shape encoding, named \textbf{ESE-Seg}. It largely reduces the computational consumption of the instance segmentation by explicitly decoding the multiple object shapes with tensor operations, thus performs the instance segmentation at almost the same speed as the object detection. ESE-Seg is based on a novel shape signature Inner-center Radius (IR), Chebyshev polynomial fitting and the strong modern object detectors. ESE-Seg with YOLOv3 outperforms the Mask R-CNN on Pascal VOC 2012 at mAP$^r$@0.5 while 7 times faster.
Use of digital image processing of microscopic images and multivariate analysis for quantitative correlation of morphology, activity and durability of electrocatalysts (2012)

Building structure-to-property relationships is one of the most often attempted research tasks in today's material chemistry. In this report, we present a universal methodology for building structure-to-property relationship models based on statistical correlations between image parameters extracted from microscopic images and the property of interest. The methodology presented consists of conversion of SEM images into useful quantitative morphological descriptors, such as roughness and texture, by digital image processing, separating images into high- and low-frequency components reflecting roughness in meso- and macro- regimes, and applying principal component analysis (PCA) to correlate morphological parameters with other performance characteristics used to evaluate electrocatalysts’ catalytic activity and durability.
Construction of a mathematical model of sulfide sublimation of germanium from middlings (2008)

Based on empirical dependences of the value of a variable Y—the degree of sublimation of germanium (%) in the mode of sulfide melting (T = 1350°C, τ = 1 h)—on the values of the parameters that are characteristic of the content in charge, %, X 1 × 10−2, of the basicity {[CaO] + [MgO])/[SiO2]}; X 2 × 10−3, of germanium; X 3, of the slag-forming components (Σ[CaO], [MgO], [SiO2]); X 4, of carbon; and X 5, of sulfur, by the method of computer mathematics with the use of the standard program packets Excel, Mathcad, and Maple, an adequate mathematical model of the influence of the charge composition on the degree of pyrometallurgical sublimation of germanium has been constructed.