gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The gut microbiome as mediator between diet and its impact on immune function (2022)

Dietary habits may affect inflammatory status in humans. Here we explore this interaction as well as the potential mediating role of the gut microbiome (GM), given that the GM is both involved in processing of dietary components and influences the immune system. A cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 482 healthy participants (207 males and 275 females) was performed. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food questionnaire. Adipokines and soluble inflammatory mediators were assayed with multiple immunoassays and ELISA. Microbial DNA was extracted from frozen stool samples of 471 participants. Polychoric correlation analysis was used to establish dietary patterns, and joint multivariate associations between these dietary patterns and immune biomarkers were studied using regression analyses with adjustment for sex, age, BMI, smoking, education levels and physical exercise and other dietary patterns. Non-parametric entropy mediation was applied to investigate whether diet-immune relationships are mediated by abundance of microbial species. In this cohort, we identified three dietary patterns, characterized as "high-meat" (meat and sweetened drink), "prudent diet" (fish, fruit, legumes and vegetables) and "high alcohol" (higher alcohol consumption). Higher adherence to prudent diet was associated with a higher adiponectin level. The high alcohol pattern was associated with high concentrations of circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, VEGF). Dialister invisus was found to mediate the relationship between a prudent dietary pattern and adiponectin, AAT, CRP, IL-6, and VEGF. In conclusion, a meat-based diet and a diet with high alcohol consumption were associated with high concentrations of biomarkers of chronic low-grade inflammation, and conversely, a prudent diet was associated with anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Diet-inflammation regulation may differ between sexes. Mediation analyses revealed that the association between prudent diet and immune function was partially mediated by the GM. The study adds to our understanding of the associations between diet, the immune system and the GM in a healthy population.
The Use of an Injectable, Biodegradable Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitute for the Prophylactic Augmentation of Osteoporotic Vertebrae and the Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures (1999)

This study demonstrated that the injection of a biodegradable calcium phosphate bone substitute to strengthen osteoporotic vertebral bodies or improve vertebral compression fractures might provide an alternative to the use of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement.
An afocal beam relay for laser XY scanning systems (2012)

Two-dimensional beam steering is often required in medical laser scanning systems such as OCT or confocal microscopy. Usually two linear galvo mirrors are used for their large apertures and large scan angles. The galvos are placed at the vicinity of the scan lens entrance pupil and separated by a "displacement distance." This distance limits the scan fields and/or reduces the effective aperture of the scan lens. Another option is to use a beam relay to relay one galvo on to the other. However, beam (or pupil) relays are usually complicated, expensive and can add significant aberrations. This paper discusses a simple, all reflective, diffraction limited, color corrected, beam relay, capable of large scan angles and large deflecting mirrors. The design is based on a unique combination of an Offner configuration with a Schmidt aspheric corrector, which allows a significantly larger scan field than scanners using galvos separated by the displacement distance. Design example for 12 mm diameter pupil and 30 degrees optical field are shown. The design details and performance are presented as well as different possible configurations for use in high performance microscopic systems and laser projection systems.
Organic radical reactions confined to containers in supramolecular systems (2022)

Radical chemistry and host-guest chemistry have each developed rapidly over the past decades and their intersection offers an attractive opportunity for modern applications. Radicals can be introduced into the frameworks of supramolecular hosts or radicals can be guests, generated in and confined to host containers. In this highlight we outline research achievements in both approaches, photoinduced and external reagent-initiated radicals in the host. Specific topics include rearrangement and fragmentation reactions, hydrocarbon oxidation and alkyl halide reductions of molecules confined to various supramolecular complexes. Applications to challenging problems in chemical synthesis are suggested.
Triazole-Based Monophosphine Ligands for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides (2006)

A variety of triazole-based monophosphines (ClickPhos) have been prepared via efficient 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of readily available azides and acetylenes. Their palladium complexes provided excellent yields in the amination reactions and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of unactivated aryl chlorides. Ligand 7i, which has a 2,6-dimethoxybenzene moiety, provided good results in Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to form hindered biaryls. A CAChe model for the Pd/7i complex shows that the likelihood of a Pd-arene interaction might be a rationale for its high catalytic reactivity.
Современные физико-химические подходы к моделированию и управлению процессами ковшовой обработки стали (2009)

На основании многолетних детальных лабораторных и промышленных исследований, выполненных на высоком методическом и теоретическом уровне, разработан комплекс физико-химических моделей процессов ковшовой обработки, непрерывной разливки стали. Его использование для решения практически важных прикладных задач разработки и управления технологиями ковшовой металлургии дает большой технический и экономический эффект.
Table S1. Subject characteristics for pyrosequencing from Targeted, Deep Sequencing Reveals Full Methylation Profiles of Multiple HPV Types and Potential Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relevant clinical information on subject used for pyrosequencing validation.&lt;/p&gt;
Small round cell tumors of bone and soft tissue. A morphometric and stereometric comparative analysis of 119 cases. (1995)

Morphometric characterization of nuclear features reveals differences between the distinct groups of SRCTs. Although overlapping occurred between all these groups at the individual case level, this study provides new support for the existence of morphologic links within the family of ES and PNET.
The concept of privileged structures in rational drug design: focus on acridine and quinoline scaffolds in neurodegenerative and protozoan diseases (2011)

As privileged structures, quinolines and acridines could improve the productivity of drug discovery projects in the field of neurodegenerative and protozoan diseases. They could be particularly relevant for protozoan diseases because of the importance of cost-effective strategies and less stringent intellectual property concerns. Furthermore, because of their inherent affinity for various targets, privileged structures could offer a viable starting point in the search for novel multi-target ligands. Finally, from a broader perspective, they can serve as effective probes for investigating unknown but interrelated mechanisms of action.
Progress on PRISM, an advanced liquid metal reactor power plant concept for the future (2003)

The US program for development of an advanced liquid metal reactor (ALMR) is discussed. The PRISM reactor concept originated by General Electric, in conjunction with the metal fuel cycle under development by Argonne National Laboratory, has been selected as the reference concept for the ALMR. The design emphasizes passive safety features, modular construction, factory fabrication, capability (when needed) to breed substantially more fissionable material than it consumes, recycle and burning of actinides to reduce the storage time requirements for long-life, high-level radioactive wastes, and testing of a full-size reactor prototype for design certification and licensing. The plant design is described, and shutdown heat removal, reactivity control and shutdown, fuel cycle and waste management, and economics are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Teallach: a model-based user interface development environment for object databases (2001)

Model-based user interface development environments show promise for improving the productivity of user interface developers, and possibly for improving the quality of developed interfaces. While model-based techniques have previously been applied to the area of database interfaces, they have not been specifically targeted at the important area of object database applications. Such applications make use of models that are semantically richer than their relational counterparts in terms of both data structures and application functionality. In general, model-based techniques have not addressed how the information referenced in such applications is manifested within the described models, and is utilised within the generated interface itself. This lack of experience with such systems has led to many model-based projects providing minimal support for certain features that are essential to such data intensive applications, and has prevented object database interface developers in particular from benefiting from model-based techniques. This paper presents the Teallach model-based user interface development environment for object databases, describing the models it supports, the relationships between these models, the tool used to construct interfaces using the models and the generation of Java programs from the declarative models. Distinctive features of Teallach include comprehensive facilities for linking models, a flexible development method, an open architecture, and the generation of running applications based on the models constructed by designers. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Long‐Believed Sc2@C2v(17)‐C84 is Actually Sc2C2@C2v(9)‐C82: Unambiguous Structure Assignment and Chemical Functionalization (2012)

It's a carbide! The long-believed Sc2@C2v(17)-C84 is unambiguously identified as Sc2C2@C2v(9)-C82. Its chemical properties were investigated by reaction with a 1,3-dipolar reagent. X-ray analyses of the major adduct (see image) reveal a [5,6]-closed structure. The addition pattern can be reasonably explained by frontier molecular orbital theory.
<title>All-optical packet-switched networks: a study of contention-resolution schemes in an irregular mesh network with variable-sized packets</title> (2000)

This paper presents a comparative study of contention-resolution schemes based on wavelength, time, and space domains in an unslotted optical packet-switched network with a large irregular mesh topology consisted of 15 nodes. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we investigated the effect of selective deflection and limited wavelength conversion. Features and performances of different combinational schemes are listed and compared. While simulation results show the effectiveness of wavelength conversion for resolving contentions over optical buffering and space deflection, physical explanations of the different effectiveness in resolving contentions of these schemes are also discussed.
SAPSAM - Sparsely Annotated Pathological Sign Activation Maps - A Novel Approach To Train Convolutional Neural Networks On Lung CT Scans Using Binary Labels Only (2019)

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is a complex lung disease caused by infection with Aspergillus. Computed tomography (CT) images are frequently requested in patients with suspected and established disease, but the radiological signs on CT are difficult to quantify making accurate follow-up challenging. We propose a novel method to train Convolutional Neural Networks using only regional labels on the presence of pathological signs, to not only detect CPA, but also spatially localize pathological signs. We use average intensity projections within different ranges of Hounsfield-unit (HU) values, transforming input 3D CT scans into 2D RGB-like images. CNN architectures are trained for hierarchical tasks, leading to precise activation maps of pathological patterns. Results on a cohort of 352 subjects demonstrate high classification accuracy, localization precision and predictive power of 2 year survival. Such tool opens the way to CPA patient stratification and quantitative follow-up of CPA pathological signs, for patients under drug therapy.
Dyebath reuse saves money and reduces pollution (1984)

The article discusses an evaluation of the potential for wastewater recycle or reuse in textile finishing mills. Over a dozen recycle technologies were evaluated in six separate mills. Results of these preliminary studies showed that most of the recycle technologies were technically feasible, but only a few were cost effective: synthetic size recovery and reuse, caustic recovery and reuse, direct wastewater reuse (e.g., countercurrent washing), and direct dyebath reuse. The last-mentioned was singled out for further study because it was seen as having several advantages: low capital cost for implementation, substantial processing cost savings, significant environmental benefits, and the potential for widespread use in the industry. It is estimated that about half of all textile dyeing is performed by batch operations, including most knit fabric, hosiery, and yarn, along with substantial amounts of carpet and some woven fabric. Dyebath reuse technology was first developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology about 10 years ago, but few mills have adopted it to date.
Pulmonary Embolus of Benign Liver Tissue Following Partial Hepatectomy (2020)

Abstract We report the case of a 55-year-old man with metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor involving the liver and lung. He underwent a left hepatectomy to resect a large mass in the liver followed by a right lung lower lobectomy 4 months later to resect a smaller mass in the lung. The histologic evaluation of the lung specimen revealed a 0.1-cm nodule of ectopic benign liver tissue within a lumen of a small pulmonary artery. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were consistent with benign liver and did not provide support for metastatic well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of pulmonary arterial embolization by benign liver tissue as a complication of hepatectomy.
Presence and Influence of Cholinergic Nerves in the Mouse Thyroid* (1979)

The presence and influence of cholinergic nerves in the mouse thyroid was studied by histochemistry and measurements of changes in blood radioiodine (BRI) levels. Numerous nerve fibers displaying specific acetyl choline esterase activity were found, not only as a dense network around vessesl but also as single fibers running around and between thyroid follicles. In stress-adapted normal mice, injection of carbamyl choline (CCh) reduced the BRI levels. In mice whose TSH secretion was suppressed by L-T4, neither CCh nor atropine had any measurable influence on the BRI levels when given alone. However, CCh pretreatment reduced and atropine pretreatment enhanced the TSH-induced BRI increase in such animals. It is concluded that the murine thyroid contains numerous cholinergic nerves that may influence not only thyroid blood flow but also thyroid hormone secretion directly. This direct influence appears to be an inhibitory one, mediated via muscarinic receptors in the follicle cells.
Solid Oxide Cell and Stack Manufacturing Cost Tool (2022)

This is the user manual for the SOC Manufacturing Cost Tool spreadsheet. The manual details the use and meaning of each tab, color scheme, and spreadsheet operation. Also detailed are specific instructions for end-user modification and inputs to tailor the tool to their specific technology.
Numerical Simulation of Combustion and Nongray Radiative Heat Transfer in a Furnace and Its Comparison with Experiments. (1999)

Numerical simulations of heat transfer in a furnace of practical scale were carried out, coupled with a prediction of the flame. Radiative heat transfer was computed taking its nongray characteristic into account. Convective heat transfer to the furnace wall was incorporated as well. The numerical computations were conducted based upon the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species together with the k-ε turbulence model and the eddy dissipation model for estimating the combustion rate and the effective viscosity. Radiative heat transfer was computed using the radiant heat ray method in combination with a weighted-sum-of-gray-gas model or a wide-band model. Predicted results were compared with experimental data. Comparisons showed that the profiles of temperature and species concentration can be predicted fairly well and that the weighted-sum-of-gray-gas model as well as the wide-band model gives a good prediction of heat flux to the furnace wall. The influence of soot on furnace heat transfer was also estimated.
Rep on the block: A next generation reputation system based on the blockchain (2015)

This paper presents the first generalized reputation system that can be applied to multiple networks that is based on the blockchain. We first discuss current reputation systems, conducting a critical analysis of their current security vulnerabilities, before looking at how new blockchain based technologies are used. We propose an innovative new reputation system that is based on blockchain technologies which aims to solve many unanswered questions in today's current generation reputation systems. We then consider the limitations of such a system, before using simulations and analyses to demonstrate methods of overcoming these limitations. We conclude by suggesting areas for future studies, and summarizing our findings.
Children with moderate acute malnutrition have inflammation not explained by maternal reports of illness and clinical symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso (2016)

Morbidity plays an important role in the development of and recovery from malnutrition. Morbidity in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) has not been described in detail and it is unclear how morbidity compares to serum levels of acute phase proteins (APPs) which indicate systemic inflammation and which can impede response to therapeutic nutritional interventions. The objective of this study was to describe morbidity in children with MAM and to assess to what extent maternally reported and clinically diagnosed morbidity explain the variation in APPs. A cross-sectional sub study was conducted as part of a nutrition intervention trial among 6–23 months old children with MAM residing in Burkina Faso. Morbidity data collection at baseline included 2 week maternal recalls and physical examinations. Multivariate ANCOVA models were used to explore the associations between morbidity and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). These models were also used to determine to what extent morbidity explains variation in APPs. In the 2 weeks prior to the study inclusion visit, 38 % of children were ill according to mothers. Furthermore, 71.8 % of children had a symptom or infection identified during the physical examination and 24.2 and 66.4 % of children had elevated CRP and AGP, respectively. Among children without any identified symptom or illness at the inclusion visit, 10.7 and 46.5 % had elevated CRP and AGP, respectively. History of fever as well as nurse-documented fever, malaria, respiratory tract infections and skin infections were associated with higher levels of both APPs. History of cough and diarrhoea at the inclusion visit was associated with higher α1-acid glycoprotein only. Overall, morbidity data only explained a small amount of the variation in APP levels (adjusted R2 below 0.2 in all tested models). Morbidity among children with MAM in this setting is common, but maternal reports and clinical examination explained only a small proportion of the variation in APPs, indicating a presence of subclinical inflammation. We recommend further research into the causes of this subclinical inflammation as it could affect nutritional status and success of MAM treatment. The trial was registered in the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ( ISRCTN42569496 ).
Accuracy of generalized gradient approximation functionals for density-functional perturbation theory calculations (2014)

We assess the validity of various exchange-correlation functionals for computing the structural, vibrational, dielectric, and thermodynamical properties of materials in the framework of density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT). We consider five generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) functionals (PBE, PBEsol, WC, AM05, and HTBS) as well as the local density approximation (LDA) functional. We investigate a wide variety of materials including a semiconductor (silicon), a metal (copper), and various insulators (SiO${}_{2}$ $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz and stishovite, ZrSiO${}_{4}$ zircon, and MgO periclase). For the structural properties, we find that PBEsol and WC are the closest to the experiments and AM05 performs only slightly worse. All three functionals actually improve over LDA and PBE in contrast with HTBS, which is shown to fail dramatically for $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz. For the vibrational and thermodynamical properties, LDA performs surprisingly very well. In the majority of the test cases, it outperforms PBE significantly and also the WC, PBEsol and AM05 functionals though by a smaller margin (and to the detriment of structural parameters). On the other hand, HTBS performs also poorly for vibrational quantities. For the dielectric properties, none of the functionals can be put forward. They all (i) fail to reproduce the electronic dielectric constant due to the well-known band gap problem and (ii) tend to overestimate the oscillator strengths (and hence the static dielectric constant).
Neural stimulation with optical radiation (2010)

This paper reviews the existing research on infrared neural stimulation, a means of artificially stimulating neurons that has been proposed as an alternative to electrical stimulation. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is defined as the direct induction of an evoked potential in response to a transient targeted deposition of optical energy. The foremost advantage of using optical radiation for neural stimulation is its spatial resolution. Exogenously applied or trans-genetically synthesized fluorophores are not used to achieve stimulation. Here, current work on INS is presented for motor nerves, sensory nerves, central nervous system, and in vitro preparations. A discussion follows addressing the mechanism of INS and its potential use in neuroprostheses. A brief review of neural depolarization involving other optical methods is also presented. Topics covered include optical stimulation concurrent with electrical stimulation, optical stimulation using exogenous fluorophores, and optical stimulation by transgenic induction of light-gated ion channels.