gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Quantum Dot Optoelectronics and Photovoltaics (2013)

Capturing the most up-to-date research in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) devices, this book is written in an accessible style by the world's leading experts. The application of CQDs in solar cells, photodetectors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has developed rapidly over recent years, promising to transform the future of clean energy, communications, and displays. This complete guide to the field provides researchers, students and practitioners alike with everything they need to understand these developments and begin contributing to future applications. Introductory chapters summarise the fundamental physics and chemistry, whilst later chapters review the developments that have propelled the field forwards, systematically working through key device advances. The science of CQD films is explained through the latest physical models of semiconductor transport, trapping and recombination, whilst the engineering of organic and inorganic multilayered materials is shown to have enabled major advances in the brightness and efficiency of CQD LEDs.
Two-electron transfer reactions in polar solvents (1996)

Chemical, biological, and electrode based electron transfer (ET) processes involve multielectron events. However, an adequate framework in which to describe these complex reactions does not yet exist. A theory for two-electron transfer reactions in Debye solvents is developed. The theory is formulated by generalizing Zusman’s model of ET reactions [L. D. Zusman, Chem. Phys. 49, 295 (1980)] to those involving three parabolic wells: One for the doubly reduced donor, one for the singly reduced donor/singly reduced acceptor, and one for the doubly reduced acceptor. The ET processes are described in terms of diffusional motion along a one-dimensional reaction coordinate with tunneling transitions at the intersection points of the parabolas. Two competing mechanisms of two-electron transfer arise. One is a process with two sequential single electron steps D=A→D−A−→DA=. The other involves ET in one concerted two-electron step (D=A→DA=). The general rate expressions for two-electron transfer are obtained. When the stepwise mechanism dominates, the free energy of activation is predicted to depend upon the driving forces of the two sequential steps but is independent of the overall driving force of the reaction. When concerted two-electron transfer dominates, the Marcus relation is obtained with a reorganization energy associated with the shift of two electrons. The dynamical solvent effect in two-electron ET processes is predicted to be unusual. Two distinct regimes exist, each with essentially linear 1/τL dependence (with τL the solvent longitudinal relaxation time): one for slow solvents and one for fast solvents. A combination of solvent and free energy studies could be used to elucidate the mechanism of multielectron processes in chemical and biological systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Magic Angle Spinning 17O NMR of Aluminum Oxides and Hydroxides. (1989)

Abstract The results of MAS 17 O NMR spectra of the 17 O‐labeled, well defined phases α‐Al 2 O 3 , boehmite (AlO(OH)), and bayerite (Al(OH) 3 ) are used to interpret the spectra of the more ill‐defined transition aluminas, including γ‐, η‐, δ‐, and ϑ‐Al 2 O 3 .
Functional expression of a cDNA encoding a human ecto-ATPase (2020)

1 The metabolism of extracellular nucleotides plays an important role in nucleotide signalling mediated by P2 receptors. The nucleotide sequence encoding a putative human ecto-ATPase named CD39L1 was reported recently. However, the biological activity of this protein has not been established. 2 Based on the sequence of CD39L1 we isolated from mRNA from human ECV-304 cells a sequence encoding a 495 amino acid protein that is identical to CD39L1, with the exception that this sequence contains a 23 amino acid stretch in the putative extracellular loop that is missing in CD39L1. Partial sequence of a genomic DNA clone indicates that the CD39L1 gene corresponds to an alternative spliced form of the human ecto-ATPase. 3 Stable expression of isolated sequence in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts conferred a marked nucleotide hydrolytic activity consistent with the activity of an ecto-ATPase. 4 The human ecto-ATPase hydrolyzed all naturally occurring nucleoside triphosphates in a Ca(2+)- or Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Nucleoside diphosphates were hydrolyzed at a rate approximately 5% of that of the corresponding triphosphates. The apparent Km and Vmax values were: 394+/-62 microM and 107+/-7 nmol Pi min-1 10(6) cells-1 for the hydrolysis of ATP, and 102+/-33 microM and 4+/-0.4 nmol Pi min-1 10(6) cells-1 for the hydrolysis of ADP, respectively. 5 In conclusion, we report here the cloning and functional expression of a human ecto-ATPase. The study of the biochemical properties and the regulatory mechanisms of ecto-ATPases of defined sequence will be valuable in the definition of their role in nucleotide signalling.
INCB84344-201: Ponatinib and steroids in frontline therapy for unfit patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2021)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have improved survival for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, prognosis for old or unfit patients remains poor. In the INCB84344-201 (formerly GIMEMA LAL 1811) prospective, multicenter, phase 2 trial, we tested the efficacy and safety of ponatinib plus prednisone in newly diagnosed patients with Ph+ ALL ≥60 years, or unfit for intensive chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Forty-four patients received oral ponatinib 45 mg/d for 48 weeks (core phase), with prednisone tapered to 60 mg/m2/d from days-14-29. Prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy was administered monthly. Median age was 66.5 years (range, 26-85). The primary endpoint (complete hematologic response [CHR] at 24 weeks) was reached in 38/44 patients (86.4%); complete molecular response (CMR) in 18/44 patients (40.9%) at 24 weeks. 61.4% of patients completed the core phase. As of 24 April 2020, median event-free survival was 14.31 months (95% CI 9.30-22.31). Median overall survival and duration of CHR were not reached; median duration of CMR was 11.6 months. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were rash (36.4%), asthenia (22.7%), alanine transaminase increase (15.9%), erythema (15.9%), and γ-glutamyltransferase increase (15.9%). Cardiac and vascular TEAEs occurred in 29.5% (grade ≥3, 18.2%) and 27.3% (grade ≥3, 15.9%), respectively. Dose reductions, interruptions, and discontinuations due to TEAEs occurred in 43.2%, 43.2%, and 27.3% of patients, respectively; 5 patients had fatal TEAEs. Ponatinib and prednisone showed efficacy in unfit patients with Ph+ ALL; however, a lower ponatinib dose may be more appropriate in this population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01641107.
Automated Sound Quality Evaluation of Push-Button Sounds Using Triangular Biorthogonal Wavelets (2012)

We present a method for automated sound quality evaluation of push-button sounds based on wavelet analysis. Push-button sounds are represented in the time-frequency plane using the continuous wavelet transform. For each sound, multiscale features identifying sound characteristics in terms of sound pressure and reverberation are compactly represented with triangular biorthogonal wavelets that are two-dimensional nonseparable wavelets defined on a triangular lattice. Together with an auditory impression of the sounds extracted by the semantic differential method, a preliminary experiment is then performed to evaluate automated recognition of push-button sounds using their features.
The Complexities of Air Pollution Regulation: the Need for an Integrated Research and Regulatory Perspective (2007)

The Clean Air Act mandates the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to periodically reassess existing and new science that underlie the regulation of major ambient pollutants -- particulate matter (PM) and tropospheric ozone being most notable. While toxic effects have been ascribed individually to these and other pollutants in the air, it is clear that mixtures of these contaminants have the potential to interact and thereby influence their overall toxic outcomes. It follows that a more comprehensive assessment of the potential health effects of the air pollution complex might better protect human health; however, traditional regulatory drivers and funding constraints have impeded progress to such a goal. Despite difficulties in empirically conducting studies of complex mixtures of air pollutants and acquiring relevant exposure data, there remains a need to develop integrated, interdisciplinary research and analytical strategies to provide more comprehensive (and relevant) assessments of associated health outcomes and risks. The research and assessment communities are endeavoring to dissect this complexity using varied approaches Here we present five interdisciplinary perspectives of this evolving line of thought among researchers and those who use such data in assessment: (1) analyses that coordinate air quality-health analyses utilizing representative polluted U.S. air sheds to apportion source and component-specific health risks; (2) novel approaches to characterize air quality in terms of emission sources and how emission reduction strategies might effectively impact pollutant levels; (3) insights from present-day studies of effects of single ambient pollutants in animal and controlled clinical toxicology studies and how these are evolving to address air pollution; (4) refinements in epidemiologic health assessments that take advantage of the complexities of existent air quality conditions; and (5) new approaches to integrative analyses to establish the criteria for regulation of PM and other criteria pollutants. As these examples illustrate, implementing multidisciplined and integrative strategies offer the promise of more realistic and relevant science, greater reductions in uncertainty, and improved overall air pollution assessment. The regulatory mandate may lag behind the science, but real gains both in public health benefit and the science to dissect complex problems will result.
College-Based Managerial and Technical Assistance for Small Business (1984)

A number of studies have shown that small, young firms (particularly innovative and high technology firms) are capable of creating more jobs and improving productivity to a greater extent than larger, older firms. Yet, all too frequently, small technical companies are unable to bring their innovative ideas to fruition. Various reasons have been given for this, including failure to achieve systematic financial and strategic planning, lack of adequate internal RD (2) technical assistance, which provides access to technological information, state-of-the-art research on product development, and access to laboratory and computer facilities; (3) help with development of an evaluation system for new product ideas; and (4) assistance in identifying sources of risk capital and in communicating ideas to these sources. Colleges and universities with business, science, and engineering faculties could help to meet these needs since they have the expertise to solve innovation-related problems and to help with management training and technological research. Many colleges have the computer facilities required for setting up and accessing data bases, which would permit networking of inventors and investors, and facilitate access to non-proprietary R&D information. However, despite some support for industry-academia cooperation and the recent development of several university-based MTA programs for technology-based companies, few programs exist in smaller academic institutions such as two- and four-years colleges, which could offer such programs. Smaller institutions frequently have faculty with the appropriate skills and may be more flexible administratively than larger institutions. Responsibility for this relatively slow development in a potentially fruitful area lies with both academia and small business. Udell and Pricer have noted that faculty norms in academic institutions may discourage applied research, and innovation requires a more interdisciplinary approach than is customary in academia. Moreover, innovation-related research may not be publishable--a frequent prerequisite for academic research endeavors. Also, academic research endeavors. Also, academic administrators fear that the tradiational commitment of higher education to knowledge and learning could become corrupted by profit-related incentives. In smaller institutions faced with budgeting problems, developing new non-academic programs is especially difficult, since faculty are under additional pressures to protect traditional programs. For its part, the small business sector has inhibited interaction by viewing the research skills and the general theoretical orientation of academics as ivory tower pursuits that do not meet the practical demands of the competitive marketplace. Such skepticism may apply with even greater force to smaller academic institutions, since they lack the reputations in technical fields possessed by many universities. …
3D Wafer Level Packaging Approach Towards Cost Effective Low Loss High Density 3D Stacking (2006)

As silicon semiconductor technologies continue to scale to smaller dimensions (vertical scaling), the realization of true systems-on-chip (SOC) devices with a large variety of functional blocks becomes very difficult to achieve. Technologies need specific optimization for logic, analog, memory etc. to reach the desired performance levels and circuit density. Furthermore, the substrates used to build active devices may vary significantly between technologies, including non-silicon substrates, e.g. compound semiconductors. Also systems may contain other planar components, such as MEMS and integrated passive devices. Besides the 'vertical' scaling there is also a 'horizontal' scaling. Realizing the full system on a single SOC die is becoming increasingly difficult and often not economically justified. If however a high-density 3D technology is available, a "3D-SOC" device could be manufactured, consisting of a stack of heterogeneous devices. This device would be smaller, lower power and higher performance than a monolithical SOC approach. A key feature for realizing true 3D interconnect schemes is the realization of vertical connections through the Si-die. Different applications require different complexities of 3D-interconnectivity. Therefore, different technologies may be used. These can be categorized as (i) a more traditional packaging approach, (ii) a wafer-level-packaging ('above' passivation) approach and (iii) a foundry level ('below' passivation) approach. The authors define these technologies as respectively 3D-system-in-a-package (3D-SIP), 3D-wafer-level-packaging (3D-WLP) and 3D-stacked-IC (3D-SIC) (Beyne, 2005). After a short overview on these three different types, this paper focuses on a 3D-WLP approach with innovative cost efficient through-Si vias for low loss high density 3D-stacking
A submicrometer megabit DRAM process technology using trench capacitors (1985)

This paper describes guidelines for developing a 1-4-Mbit DRAM process, and device/process technologies for fabricating an experimental 1-Mbit DRAM. A single transistor cell combined with a trench capacitor and on-chip ECC technologies has the potential to realize a cell size of 10 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> without degrading soft error immunity. A depletion trench capacitor, submicrometer n-well CMOS process, Mo-poly gate, and submicrometer pattern formation technologies are developed, and an experimental 1-Mbit DRAM with a cell size of 20 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is successfully developed by using these technologies.
Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide supports tumor cell growth and proliferation (2013)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous biological mediator. In the cardiovascular system, it acts as a vasodilator, proangiogenic hormone, and cardioprotectant, while in the nervous system...
Surface acoustic waves in a simple quasiperiodic system (1989)

We present experimental results and their interpretation on the propagation of surface acoustic waves on a particular one-dimensional quasiperiodically corrugated solid surface. This problem has previously been studied theoretically in the limit of a vanishing corrugation. We report precise results about the reflection and transmission frequency dependence, the temporal impulse response, and the spatial structure of the proper modes obtained from an optical diffraction experiment using the Raman-Nath effect (laser-beam diffraction by the surface ultrasonic deformations). The theoretical predictions are well observed experimentally. In particular, a special quasilocalized mode is observed which exhibits an interesting fine scale structure not predicted in the theory, since it falls outside its validity range. In the time domain, our experiments are able to clearly distinguish triple reflections and to count as many as ${10}^{4}$ different paths which contribute coherently to the impulse time reflection signal.
Oral tolerance and Treg cells are induced in BALB/c mice after gavage with bovine β-lactoglobulin (2011)

For the first time, allergen-induced Treg cells that inhibited both the sensitization and the elicitation of the allergic reaction were evidenced in gavaged wild-type mice.
Reducing assembly complexity of microbial genomes with single-molecule sequencing (2013)

Automated assembly of long, single-molecule sequencing data reduces the cost of microbial finishing to $1,000 for most genomes, and future advances in this technology are expected to drive the cost lower. This is expected to increase the number of completed genomes, improve the quality of microbial genome databases, and enable high-fidelity, population-scale studies of pan-genomes and chromosomal organization.
Hierarchical ZnO/zeolite nanostructures: synthesis, growth mechanism and hydrogen detection (2015)

(a–c) Zeolite and ZnO/zeolite hierarchical nanostructures and (d) fabrication of hydrogen sensor using these hierarchical nanostructures.
Dual Mode Sensing with Low-Profile Piezoelectric Thin Wafer Sensors for Steel Bridge Crack Detection and Diagnosis (2011)

Monitoring of fatigue cracking in steel bridges is of high interest to many bridge owners and agencies. Due to the variety of deterioration sources and locations of bridge defects, there is currently no single method that can detect and address the potential sources globally. In this paper, we presented a dual mode sensing methodology integrating acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave inspection based on the use of low-profile piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). After introducing the research background and piezoelectric sensing principles, PWAS crack detection in passive acoustic emission mode is first presented. Their acoustic emission detection capability has been validated through both static and compact tension fatigue tests. With the use of coaxial cable wiring, PWAS AE signal quality has been improved. The active ultrasonic inspection is conducted by the damage index and wave imaging approach. The results in the paper show that such an integration of passive acoustic emission detection with active ultrasonic sensing is a technological leap forward from the current practice of periodic and subjective visual inspection and bridge management based primarily on history of past performance.
Distinguishing Filtration Mechanisms by X-Ray Tomography: Quantification of Simultaneous Internal Deposition and External Filtercake Buildup in Sandstone (2010)

Abstract Many oil-field operations involve the injection of fluids into the formation around a well. In many cases, the fluids contain colloidal particles, either initially present or introduced during the operation through dirt or naturally-occurring particles. Therefore, all injection schemes suffer from injectivity decline. This injectivity decline is caused by clogging of the formation by particles, which form an external filter cake on the surface of the formation and block the pores inside the formation. This article reports on a set of crossflow experiments in which a suspension of particles is flowed over the surface of a sandstone core, with a portion of the suspension entering the core itself. An external filtercake is formed on the surface of the core, and internal deposition occurs inside the core. The experiments are conducted in a CT scanner, allowing measurement of the internal deposition in real time. Thus, although the time-dependent build-up of the external filtercake thickness cannot be measured directly, it can be deduced by mass balance, allowing for the crossflow and permeant effluents. This enables correlation of the external and internal mass deposition with the measured increase in injection pressure. We use the cumulative mass curves of the hematite deposited in the cake, core and in the effluent to model the dependence of the pressure drop on cake and core deposition, and compare the predicted pressures with the actual measured pressures. These results are very relevant to operational issues associated with injection or leak-off, including hydraulic fracture propagation, drilling-mud impairment and produced water matrix re-injection. The results are also relevant to water injection under fracturing conditions, since impairment of the wall of the fracture is one of the mechanisms governing fracture growth, and the implications of the results for this process are discussed.
Newly developed high-power laser diode bars (2012)

High Power Laser Diode (LD) modules are widely used as high-brightness light sources for pumping solid-state lasers and for direct diode laser processing utilizing a compact feature. The LD bars installed in modules are required with higher output power, efficiency and beam quality. We have optimized the LD bar structure for high output power and efficient operation. The water-cooled heat sink has been designed for excellent thermal performance as well as long-term stable cooling performance. We have also developed the thermal expansion controlled assembly technique to suppress the "smile". As a result, we have achieved an output power of over 200 W and a conversion efficiency of 58% from 940 nm LD bars under continuous wave (CW) operation with very low smile of 0.8 &mu;m.
Berichtigung (1961)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Catalytic activity of halohydrin dehalogenases towards spiroepoxides (2012)

A novel activity of halohydrin dehalogenases towards spiroepoxides has been found. The enzyme from Arthrobacter sp. (HheA) catalysed highly regioselective azidolysis of spiroepoxides containing 5, 6 and 7-membered cycloalkane rings, while the enzyme from Agrobacterium radiobacter (HheC), besides high regioselectivity, also displayed moderate to high enantioselectivity (E up to >200) that can be applied for the kinetic resolution of chiral spiroepoxides. The orientations of spiroepoxides in the active site of halohydrin dehalogenases were studied by quantum-chemical calculations and docking simulations. Analyses of the complexes obtained revealed the origins of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity of the investigated biotransformations.