gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BlankIt library debloating: getting what you want instead of cutting what you don’t (2020)

Modern software systems make extensive use of libraries derived from C and C++. Because of the lack of memory safety in these languages, however, the libraries may suffer from vulnerabilities, which can expose the applications to potential attacks. For example, a very large number of return-oriented programming gadgets exist in glibc that allow stitching together semantically valid but malicious Turing-complete and -incomplete programs. While CVEs get discovered and often patched and remedied, such gadgets serve as building blocks of future undiscovered attacks, opening an ever-growing set of possibilities for generating malicious programs. Thus, significant reduction in the quantity and expressiveness (utility) of such gadgets for libraries is an important problem.
Upregulation of CHOP/GADD153 during Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection Modulates Apoptosis by Restricting Activation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway (2013)

Induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that allows a cell to reestablish ER homeostasis. However, under severe and persistent ER stress, prolonged UPR may activate unique pathways that lead to cell death. In this study, we investigated the activation of the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway of UPR in cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and its relationship with IBV-induced apoptosis. The results showed moderate induction of PERK phosphorylation in IBV-infected cells. Meanwhile, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was upregulated at the protein level in the infected cells, resulting in the induction in trans of the transcription factor ATF3 and the proapoptotic growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD153. Knockdown of PERK by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed the activation of GADD153 and the IBV-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, knockdown of protein kinase R (PKR) by siRNA and inhibition of the PKR kinase activity by 2-aminopurine (2-AP) also reduced the IBV-induced upregulation of GADD153 and apoptosis induction. In GADD153-knockdown cells, IBV-induced apoptosis was suppressed and virus replication inhibited, revealing a key role of GADD153 in IBV-induced cell death and virus replication. Analysis of the pathways downstream of GADD153 revealed much more activation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway in GADD153-knockdown cells during IBV infection, indicating that GADD153 may modulate apoptosis through suppression of the pathway. This study provides solid evidence that induction of GADD153 by PERK and PKR plays an important regulatory role in the apoptotic process triggered by IBV infection.
Fixation of buried and surface-mounted magnets in high-speed permanent-magnet synchronous machines (2006)

High-speed applications involve technical and economical advantages because, as direct drives, they avoid the gear as an additional mechanical drive component. Permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are attracting growing attention for high-speed drives. Surface-mounted PMSMs request a glass- or carbon-fiber bandage to fasten the magnets to the rotor surface at high speed. At rotors with "buried" magnets, the rotor iron itself fixes the magnets. This paper presents simple calculation strategies and discusses their limits for the mechanical design of high-speed machines with either surface-mounted or buried magnets. The results of the calculations are compared with finite-element calculations
Characterizing Neuronal Network Burst Synchrony by Using Burst Signal (2016)

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Angiotensin II-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Alivec Regulates Chondrogenesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2021)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in Angiotensin II (AngII) signaling but their role in chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. We describe a novel AngII-induced lncRNA <i>Alivec</i> (Angiotensin II-induced lncRNA in VSMCs eliciting chondrogenic phenotype) implicated in VSMC chondrogenesis. In rat VSMCs, <i>Alivec</i> and the nearby gene <i>Acan</i>, a chondrogenic marker, were induced by growth factors AngII and PDGF and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. AngII co-regulated <i>Alivec</i> and <i>Acan</i> through the activation of AngII type1 receptor signaling and Sox9, a master transcriptional regulator of chondrogenesis. <i>Alivec</i> knockdown with GapmeR antisense-oligonucleotides attenuated the expression of AngII-induced chondrogenic marker genes, including <i>Acan</i>, and inhibited the chondrogenic phenotype of VSMCs. Conversely, <i>Alivec</i> overexpression upregulated these genes and promoted chondrogenic transformation. RNA-pulldown coupled to mass-spectrometry identified Tropomyosin-3-alpha and hnRNPA2B1 proteins as <i>Alivec</i>-binding proteins in VSMCs. Furthermore, male rats with AngII-driven hypertension showed increased aortic expression of <i>Alivec</i> and <i>Acan</i>. A putative human ortholog <i>ALIVEC</i>, was induced by AngII in human VSMCs, and this locus was found to harbor the quantitative trait loci affecting blood pressure. Together, these findings suggest that AngII-regulated lncRNA <i>Alivec</i> functions, at least in part, to mediate the AngII-induced chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs implicated in vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
Analysis of Product Hot Electron Problems by Gated Emission Microscopy (1986)

A new tool to analyze the hot electron problems at the product level is introduced. The method combines the latest night vision technology and computer image processing techniques to precisely locate the transistors most vulnerable to hot electron degradation. A dual microchannel intensifier is coupled to a solid state camera to detect and amplify the extremely faint light emitted by the transistors in saturation. Computer image processing techniques are then employed to boost the sensitivity. Time resolution of hot electron events is achieved by `gating' the intensifier. To date, we have achieved a time resolution of l5ns, spatial resolution of lμm with a sensitivity of 10nA per m of substrate current. At the sensitivity level of our instrument we can even detect hot electron events which cause no degradation.
Control of Nonlocal Magnon Spin Transport via Magnon Drift Currents (2021)

Spin transport via magnon diffusion in magnetic insulators is important for a broad range of spin-based phenomena and devices. However, the absence of the magnon equivalent of an electric force is a bottleneck. In this Letter, we demonstrate the controlled generation of magnon drift currents in heterostructures of yttrium iron garnet and platinum. By performing electrical injection and detection of incoherent magnons, we find magnon drift currents that stem from the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We can further control the magnon drift by the orientation of the magnetic field. The drift current changes the magnon propagation length by up to ±6% relative to diffusion. We generalize the magnonic spin transport theory to include a finite drift velocity resulting from any inversion asymmetric interaction and obtain results consistent with our experiments.
Strength enhancement in thin-layered Al-Cu laminates (1978)

Multilayered Al-Cu laminates were prepared by vapor deposition in vacuum onto NaCl substrates. The 25 °C stress-strain characteristics were measured for laminates having total thicknesses of 1.0 and 2.0 μm and layer thicknesses ranging from 20 to 1000 nm. For layer thicknesses ≲70 nm, the yield stress of the laminates is 4.2 times larger and the tensile fracture stress is 2.4–3.4 times larger than the values given by the rule of mixtures for Al and Cu. These strength increases are related to the basic physical properties of the metals and are in good agreement with Koehler’s theoretical predictions.
Generation of continuous and pulsed diagnostic imaging x-ray radiation using a carbon-nanotube-based field-emission cathode (2021)

X-ray radiation is widely used in medical and industrial applications. The basic design of the x-ray tube has not changed significantly in the last century. In this paper, we demonstrate that medical diagnostic x-ray radiation can be generated using a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field-emission cathode. The device can readily produce both continuous and pulsed x-rays with a programmable wave form and repetition rate. A total emission current of 28 mA was obtained from a 0.2 cm2 area CNT cathode. The x-ray intensity is sufficient to image a human extremity at 14 kVp and 180 mAs. Pulsed x-ray with a repetition rate greater than 100 kHz was readily achieved by programming the gate voltage. The CNT-based cold-cathode x-ray technology can potentially lead to portable and miniature x-ray sources for industrial and medical applications.
Border Gas Hydrate System Having Quadruple Point of Hydrate + Two Liquids + Gas Phases. (2000)

Four three-phase coexisting curves for the trifluoromethane hydrate system were obtained over a pressure range up to 72 MPa and temperature range from 283 to 302 K. Two invariant points determined in the present study are the critical end point of 299.44 K and 4.85 MPa, and the quadruple point of 292.25 K and 4.07 MPa. The former, where the gas and liquid are critically identical in the presence of water phase, is located very close to the critical point of the trifluoromethane fluid. The latter is the terminal point of four three-phase coexisting curves. The overall enthalpy change of hydration is estimated over the whole temperature region. The important finding is that trifluoromethane hydrate is the border system having a quadruple point (hydrate + two liquids + gas) in a series of critical temperatures of known guest species. It is also identified that xenon hydrate is the opposite border system having no quadruple point.
The effect of growth temperature on gelatinization properties of barley starch (1998)

The effects of growth conditions on the properties of barley starch were studied with the two‐rowed malting barley cultivars “Kustaa”; and “Kymppi”; field‐grown in Finland during a cold summer and a normal summer. In both cultivars, the growth conditions had an effect on the composition and gelatinization behaviour of both small and large granules. In the starches from the cold summer, the lipid content and gelatinization peak temperatures were lower, the gelatinized starch also being more easily hydrolysed by alpha‐amylase.
评萨特的《辩证理性评论》(II) (1987)

萨特是一位知名度高、理论敏感性强和具有独立见解的马克思主义者,他积十几年政治写作和实践的丰富经验,自1957年起开始从事辩证理性评论方面的研究.1965年和1985年,在巴黎先后发表了本书的第一卷和第二卷,深入分析和评述斯大林统治的各种现象,研究和探索斯大林何以成为有争议的人物这一举世嘱目的大问题.萨特在这一卷里提到,在斯大林时代,苏联发生的每一件大事,都被解释为与最高
Dielectric and ferrite phase shifters (1991)

Introduction to phase shifters mechanical phase shifters ferrite-microwave interaction nonreciprocal ferrite phase shifters reciprocal ferrite phase shifters strip-line and microstrip ferrite phase shifters slot-line, coplanar-line and fin-line ferrite phase shifters.
Detection of SLA Violation for Big Data Analytics Applications in Cloud (2020)

SLA violations do happen in real world. An SLA violation represents the failure of guaranteeing a service, which leads to unwanted consequences such as penalty payments, profit margin reduction, reputation degradation, customer churn and service interruptions. Hence, in the context of cloud-hosted big data analytics applications (BDAAs), it is paramount for providers to predict and prevent SLA violations. While machine learning-based techniques have been applied to detect SLA violations for web service or general cloud service, the study on detecting SLA violations dedicated for cloud-hosted BDAAs is still lacking. In this article, we propose four machine learning techniques and integrate 12 resampling methods to detect SLA violations for batch-based BDAAs in the cloud. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed techniques in comparison with ideal and baseline classifiers based on a real-world trace dataset (Alibaba). Our work not only helps providers to choose the best performing prediction technique, but also provides them capabilities to uncover the hidden pattern of multiple configurations of BDAAs across layers.
Identifying Personal Information in Internet Traffic (2015)

Users today access a multitude of online services---among the most popular of which are online social networks (OSNs)---via both web sites and dedicated mobile applications (apps), using a range of devices (traditional PCs, tablets, and smartphones) that are connected via a variety of networks. The resulting infrastructure makes these services conveniently available anytime and anywhere, enabling them to become an integral part of daily life. As a consequence, users explicitly and implicitly provide a wealth of Personal Information (PI) that reflects several aspects of their life. Service providers monetize this information by selling to third parties (e.g., advertisers). Unfortunately, today, it remains difficult for end users to fully understand the amount and nature of the collected data.
Synthesis of novel hydrophilic polymers (2003)

Two novel hydrophilic polymers have been synthesized through the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of poly(nobornene) derivatives. These two polymers are the first in a series of polymers for which we develop structure-property relationships.
CUNI System for WMT16 Automatic Post-Editing and Multimodal Translation\n Tasks (2016)

Neural sequence to sequence learning recently became a very promising\nparadigm in machine translation, achieving competitive results with statistical\nphrase-based systems. In this system description paper, we attempt to utilize\nseveral recently published methods used for neural sequential learning in order\nto build systems for WMT 2016 shared tasks of Automatic Post-Editing and\nMultimodal Machine Translation.\n
New Insights into Dielectric Breakdown of MgO in STT-MRAM Devices (2019)

In a comprehensive analytical study of dielectric breakdown (BD) of ultra-thin MgO in 28 nm embedded MRAM (eMRAM) test chips, it was observed that breakdown in MgO is polarity dependent, and that device lifetime is reduced for bipolar (AC) stress. Furthermore, it was found that the breakdown trend substantially deviates from the Poisson area scaling law; this deviation can be attributed to self-heating in larger area devices. Further investigation of BD also reveals that self-heating effects are predominantly observed at lower frequencies; percolation paths exhibit fast transient (thermal runaway) temperatures; and that BD statistics are poorly represented by the standard Weibull model.
Snap-Through of Shallow Elastic Arches Under End Moments (2008)

Snap-through of buckled beams or shallow arches may be utilized in some MEMS devices. Such behavior can be induced by applied moments at the ends. A simply-supported uniform shallow elastic arch is analyzed. For equal end moments, the critical value is compared for arches with a sinusoidal shape, a circular shape, and a shape that maximizes the critical moment. For unequal moments, the effect of the amount of loading asymmetry on the critical value is determined for sinusoidal arches.
EFEITO DO REFINO DO TAMANHO DE GRÃO AUSTENÍTICO PELA ADIÇÃO DE HÁFNIO (Hf) NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DE TRAÇÃO DO AÇO HADFIELD (2017)

Estudou-se o efeito do tamanho de grão austenítico nas propriedades de tração do aço Hadfield refinado com Hf.Estas propriedades foram comparadas com as de um aço Hadfield sem refino, ambos com a composição química de acordo com a norma ASTM A128grau B2.Adicionalmente, foram usadas técnicas de caracterização macroestrutural, microestrutural e fractográfica.A caracterização macroestrutural mostrou que o aço Hadfield com adição de Hf apresentou tamanho do grão austenítico (600 m) aproximadamente cinco vezes menor do que o do aço Hadfield sem refino (3000 m).Os resultados do ensaio de tração mostraram um pequeno aumento (~6%) no valor do limite de escoamento com o refino do grão, em acordo com a Equação de Hall-Petch para materiais austeníticos.No entanto, os resultados dos ensaios de tração do aço Hadfield refinado mostraram aumentos que não foram previstos para as propriedades de resistência à tração (~37%), alongamento (~53%) e tenacidade (~88%).O exame fractográfico dos corpos de prova de tração indicou predominância do mecanismo de
Space Shuttle Main Engine Turbopump Bearing Testing at Marshall Space Flight Center (2010)

The Space Shuttle has three main engines that are used for lift off into orbit. These engines are fed propellants by low and high pressure turbopumps on each engine. A main element of the pumps are the bearings supporting the main shaft that spins the turbine and pumps. These bearings must spin at high speeds, support the radial and axial thrust loads, and have high wear resistance without the benefit of lubrication. This paper describes the bearing testing that was done at the Marshall Space Flight Center and the results that were obtained to provide the best bearing design possible for safe and reliable engine performance.
Analysis of productive binding modes in the human chitotriosidase (2013)

Human chitotriosidase (HCHT) is a family 18 chitinase that is an innate part of the immune system. We have mapped preferred productive binding modes of chito-oligosaccharide substrates to HCHT and the data show that HCHT has strong binding affinity in the +3 subsite. Moreover, HCHT shows anomer-specific binding affinities in subsites +2 and +3. These features could endorse HCHT with higher endo-activity and a higher transglycosylation potential.
Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) Bioimaging via Off-Peak NIR-I Fluorescence Emission (2018)

Significantly reduced photon scattering and minimal tissue autofluorescence levels in the second biological transparency window (NIR-II; 1000-1700 nm) facilitate higher resolution <i>in vivo</i> biological imaging compared to tradition NIR fluorophores (~700-900 nm). However, the existing palette of NIR-II fluorescent agents including semiconducting inorganic nanomaterials and recently introduced small-molecule organic dyes face significant technical and regulatory hurdles prior to clinical translation. Fortunately, recent spectroscopic characterization of NIR-I dyes (e.g., indocyanine green (ICG), IRDye800CW and IR-12N3) revealed long non-negligible emission tails reaching past 1500 nm. Repurposing the most widely used NIR dye in medicine, in addition to those in the midst of clinical trials creates an accelerated pathway for NIR-II clinical translation. This review focuses on the significant advantage of imaging past 1000 nm with NIR-I fluorophores from both a basic and clinical viewpoint. We further discuss optimizing NIR-I dyes around their NIR-II/shortwave infrared (SWIR) emission, NIR-II emission tail characteristics and prospects of NIR-II imaging with clinically available and commercially available dyes.
AU-APSD: Adaptive IEEE 802.11e Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery (2006)

The integration of the wireless LAN technology in mobile devices such as cellular phones or PDAs has become a user need due to its popularity for providing high speed wireless Internet access at a low cost. Such devices though should meet users' expectations with regard to QoS, e.g., guarantee a reasonable voice quality when VoIP is used, and power saving efficiency, e.g., standby and calling times should be similar to the ones of cellular phones. IEEE 802.11e defines QoS and power saving enhancements that should allow the wireless LAN technology address users' wishes in such specific devices. Our focus is the study of the distributed power saving mechanism of 802.11e, i.e., U-APSD, as compared to the legacy 802.11 power saving mode in order to assess its suitability for solving the challenges of the upcoming mobile devices requirements. Our contributions are as follows. We provide first an overview of the U-APSD functionality. Then, we describe in detail our proposed implementation of the U-APSD mechanism, Adaptive U-APSD (AU-APSD), a generic solution that requires only information available at the MAC layer. Finally, we quantify the performance improvements that are obtained with our proposed AU-APSD implementation as compared to the legacy 802.11 power save mode.
Inspiratory flow in the nose: a model coupling flow and vasoerectile tissue distensibility (2004)

We have developed a discrete multisegmental model describing the coupling between inspiratory flow and nasal wall distensibility. This model is composed of 14 individualized compliant elements, each with its own relationship between cross-sectional area and transmural pressure. Conceptually, this model is based on flow limitation induced by the narrowing of duct due to collapsing pressure. For a given inspiratory pressure and for a given compliance distribution, this model predicts the area profile and inspiratory flow. Acoustic rhinometry and posterior rhinomanometry were used to determine the initial geometric area and mechanical characteristics of each element. The proposed model, used under steady-state conditions, is able to simulate the pressure-flow relationship observed in vivo under normal conditions (4 subjects) and under pathological conditions (4 vasomotor rhinitis and 3 valve syndrome subjects). Our results suggest that nasal wall compliance is an essential parameter to understand the nasal inspiratory flow limitation phenomenon and the associated increase of resistance that is well known to physiologists. By predicting the functional pressure-flow relationship, this model could be a useful tool for the clinician to evaluate the potential effects of treatments.
Search for natural supersymmetry in events with top quark pairs and photons in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract Results are presented from a search for natural gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) in a scenario in which the top squark is the lightest squark, the next-to-lightest SUSY particle is a bino-like neutralino, and the lightest SUSY particle is the gravitino. The strong production of top squark pairs can produce events with pairs of top quarks and neutralinos, with each bino-like neutralino decaying to a photon and a gravitino. The search is performed using a sample of pp collision data accumulated by the CMS experiment at $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1 . The final state consists of a lepton (electron or muon), jets, and one or two photons. The imbalance in transverse momentum in the events is compared with the expected spectrum from standard model processes. No excess event yield is observed beyond the expected background, and the result is interpreted in the context of a general model of gauge-mediated SUSY breaking that leads to exclusion of top squark masses below 650–730 GeV.