gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customizing User Interaction in Smart Phones (2006)

Emerging input modalities could facilitate more efficient user interactions with mobile devices. An end-user customization tool based on user-defined context-action rules lets users specify personal, multimodal interaction with smart phones and external appliances. The tool's input modalities include sensor-based, user-trainable free-form gestures; pointing with radio frequency tags; and implicit inputs based on such things as sensors, the Bluetooth environment, and phone platform events. The tool enables user-defined functionality through a blackboard-based context framework enhanced to manage the rule-based application control. Test results on a prototype implemented on a smart phone with real context sources show that rule-based customization helps end users efficiently customize their smart phones and use novel input modalities.
Reviewing Microbial Behaviors in Ecosystems Leading to a Natural Quorum Quenching Occurrence (2017)

Quorum sensing is considered one of the most important discoveries in cell-to-cell communication. Although revealed in Bacteria, it has been identified as well as a mechanism present in the other two domains, Eukaryota and Archaea. This phenomenon consists mainly of an exchange and sensing of "words" produced by each cell: chemical signals known as autoinducers. The process takes places at high cell densities and confined environments, triggering the expression of specific genes that manifest in a determined phenotype. Quorum sensing has a fundamental importance in the organisms' fitness in natural ecosystems since it activates many of the traits needed by cells to survive under specific conditions, and thus a wide variety of chemical signals, which are detailed throughout the review, have evolved in response to the needs of an organism in the ecosystem it inhabits. As a counterpart, derived from the natural occurrence of quorum sensing, comes it's antagonistic process named quorum quenching. Acting in the exact opposite way, quorum quenching interferes or degrades the autoinducers confusing and stopping communication, hence affecting transcriptional regulation and expression of a specific phenotype. The main reasons for stopping this mechanism go from fading their own signals when perceiving scarce nutrients conditions, to degrading competitors' signals to take advantage in the ecosystem. Some of the most studied purposes and means known up to date to be used by cells for making quorum quenching in their ecosystems is what will be discussed along this review, offering information for future works on quorum quencher molecules bioprospection.
Enhancement of lung nodules through stereo image processing (2002)

The lack of sensitivity of chest radiographs to cancer nodules of the lung is in part due to lung parenchyma and bone obscuring nodule features. A stereo image processing technique, the cut-plane procedure, is designed to eliminate voxels in planes perpendicular to the line of sight. However, this procedure does not perform adequately when applied to medical images. The authors present some modifications which improve the performance of this procedure; examples are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Project Argus and the Challenge of Real-Time All-Sky Seti (1997)

Abstract Project Argus, a global effort of the non-profit SETI League, Inc., seeks to achieve continuous microwave monitoring of all four pi steradians of space, in real time. This most ambitious SETI project ever undertaken without benefit of Government support will ultimately involve 5,000 small radiotelescopes worldwide, built, maintained and operated by private individuals (primarily radio amateurs and microwave experimenters), coordinated so as to miss no likely candidate signals, and providing independent verification of any interesting signals detected. Prototype stations went into operation in 1996; full sky coverage is planned for 2001. Sensitivity and range are assessed by comparison of current capabilities to those in place at the Ohio State Radio Observatory nineteen years ago, when the so-called «Wow!» signal was detected. The «Wow!» signal serves as a convenient benchmark, even though its exact nature remains unknown. Should a similar candidate signal appear during the fully deployed phase of Project Argus, it will not evade detection. Though utilizing just a small satellite TV dish as its antenna, each station achieves range and sensitivity on a par with the Ohio State Big Ear radio telescope, circa 1977. This paper explores the technological breakthroughs which have made this level of performance possible.
NASty effects on fibrillin pre-mRNA splicing: another case of ESE does it, but proposals for translation-dependent splice site choice live on (2002)

It is clear that steps in the pathway from gene transcription to protein synthesis are connected mechanistically even when they occur in distinct cellular compartments (Maniatis and Reed 2002). Mechanistic connections were initially evident when factors governing pre-mRNA capping, splicing and 3-end formation were found to associate with the carboxyl-terminal domain of transcriptionally active RNA polymerase II. More recently, splicing factors have been shown to associate with the transcription elongation factor TAT-SF1, forming a complex that can stimulate both transcription and splicing (Fong and Zhou 2001). Furthermore, a conserved transcription/export (TREX) complex has been shown to couple transcription and mRNA export (Strasser et al. 2002), and pre-mRNA splicing is now known to influence both mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (Reed and Hurt 2002).
Central Core Laboratory versus Site Interpretation of Coronary CT Angiography: Agreement and Association with Cardiovascular Events in the PROMISE Trial (2017)

Purpose To assess concordance and relative prognostic utility between central core laboratory and local site interpretation for significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods In the Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain (PROMISE) trial, readers at 193 North American sites interpreted coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography as part of the clinical evaluation of stable chest pain. Readers at a central core laboratory also interpreted CT angiography blinded to clinical data, site interpretation, and outcomes. Significant CAD was defined as stenosis greater than or equal to 50%; cardiovascular events were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction. Results In 4347 patients (51.8% women; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.4 years ± 8.2), core laboratory and site interpretations were discordant in 16% (683 of 4347), most commonly because of a finding of significant CAD by site but not by core laboratory interpretation (80%, 544 of 683). Overall, core laboratory interpretation resulted in 41% fewer patients being reported as having significant CAD (14%, 595 of 4347 vs 23%, 1000 of 4347; P < .001). Over a median follow-up period of 25 months, 1.3% (57 of 4347) sustained myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death. The C statistic for future myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.68) for the core laboratory and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.70) for the sites. Conclusion Compared with interpretation by readers at 193 North American sites, standardized core laboratory interpretation classified 41% fewer patients as having significant CAD. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article. Clinical trial registration no. NCT01174550.
Electron beam test of the large area Mu2e calorimeter prototype (2019)

The Mu2e calorimeter consists of 1348 pure CsI crystals coupled to two large area UV-extended Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) organized in two separate annular disks. An intense R&amp;D phase has been pursued to check if this configuration satisfies the Mu2e requirements. In May 2017, a dedicated test has been performed at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) in Frascati (Italy) where the large calorimeter prototype (Module-0) has been exposed to an electron beam in the energy range between 60 and 120 MeV. The prototype consists of 51 crystals, each one readout by two Mu2e SiPMs. We present results for timing and energy resolution both for electrons at normal incidence (0°) and at a grazing impact angle (50°) more similar to the experiment configuration. At 100 MeV, an energy resolution of 5.4% (7.4%) at normal (grazing) incidence has been achieved in good agreement with Monte Carlo expectation. In the same energy range, a time resolution of ~ XX ps (~ YY ps) has been measured at normal incidence with 1 GHz (250 MHz) sampling rate. Dependence of time and energy resolutions as a function of beam energy and impinging angle are also presented.
Infrared Beacons for Robust Localization. (2021)

This paper presents a localization system that uses infrared beacons and a camera equipped with an optical band-pass filter. Our system can reliably detect and identify individual beacons at 100m distance regardless of lighting conditions. We describe the camera and beacon design as well as the image processing pipeline in detail. In our experiments, we investigate and demonstrate the ability of the system to recognize our beacons in both daytime and nighttime conditions. High precision localization is a key enabler for automated vehicles but remains unsolved, despite strong recent improvements. Our low-cost, infrastructure-based approach helps solve the localization problem. All datasets are made available.
Comparison of the amyloid pore forming properties of rat and human Alzheimer’s beta-amyloid peptide 1-42: Calcium imaging data (2016)

The data here consists of calcium imaging of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with the calcium-sensitive dye Fluo-4AM and then incubated with nanomolar concentrations of either human or rat Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide Aβ1-42. These data are both of a qualitative (fluorescence micrographs) and semi-quantitative nature (estimation of intracellular calcium concentrations of cells probed by Aβ1-42 peptides vs. control untreated cells). Since rat Aβ1-42 differs from its human counterpart at only three amino acid positions, this comparative study is a good assessment of the specificity of the amyloid pore forming assay. The interpretation of this dataset is presented in the accompanying study "Broad neutralization of calcium-permeable amyloid pore channels with a chimeric Alzheimer/Parkinson peptide targeting brain gangliosides" [1].
Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID using Recombinant Human α-N-Acetylglucosamine-6-Sulfatase in Neonatal Mice (2020)

There is currently no cure or effective treatment available for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (MPS IIID, Sanfilippo syndrome type D), a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by the deficiency of α-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (GNS). The clinical symptoms of MPS IIID, like other subtypes of Sanfilippo syndrome, are largely localized to the central nervous system (CNS), and any treatments aiming to ameliorate or reverse the catastrophic and fatal neurologic decline caused by this disease need to be delivered across the blood-brain barrier. Here, we report a proof-of-concept enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for MPS IIID using recombinant human α-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (rhGNS) <i>via</i> intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery in a neonatal MPS IIID mouse model. We overexpressed and purified rhGNS from CHO cells with a specific activity of 3.9 × 10<sup>4</sup> units/mg protein and a maximal enzymatic activity at lysosomal pH (pH 5.6), which was stable for over one month at 4 °C in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We demonstrated that rhGNS was taken up by MPS IIID patient fibroblasts <i>via</i> the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor and reduced intracellular glycosaminoglycans to normal levels. The delivery of 5 μg of rhGNS into the lateral cerebral ventricle of neonatal MPS IIID mice resulted in normalization of the enzymatic activity in brain tissues; rhGNS was found to be enriched in lysosomes in MPS IIID-treated mice relative to the control. Furthermore, a single dose of rhGNS was able to reduce the accumulated heparan sulfate and β-hexosaminidase. Our results demonstrate that rhGNS delivered into CSF is a potential therapeutic option for MPS IIID that is worthy of further development.
Advances on the Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Atmospheric CO2 and Global Climate Change (2006)

对提高的大气的 CO2 集中，增加的温度和改变的降水的植物根动力学回答能在土壤有机物和生态系统碳平衡是在植物生长和长期的变化之间的一个关键连接。这篇论文考察在这个区域开发的一些实验和假设，它主要包括对提高的 CO2 和全球气候的动力学回答改变的植物罚款根生长，根周转，根呼吸和另外的根。学习根系的一些最近的新方法也被讨论并且总结。它此处认为到提高的大气的 CO2 和全球气候变迁的根周转模式，根呼吸和另外的动态回答的信息的集合能帮助更好理解并且探索一些新研究区域。在这篇论文，一些在全球气候期间在对提高的 CO2 和另外的环境因素的植物根回答研究挑战变化也被表明。
From amalgam to composite: selection of restorative materials and restoration longevity in Finland (2001)

The aim of this study was to obtain information on restorative dental care in Finland and to analyze the changes in treatment over a 5-year period. A random sample of dentists was drawn from the registers of the health authorities and the dental association in Finland, and in the spring of 1997 a questionnaire was sent requesting the dentists to record information for each restoration placed during a given period. A total of 1,229 dentists were contacted, and 659 responded. The dentists treated 5,305 adults during the study period and placed 6,322 restorations. The most common restorative material was composite resin, which was used in 74.9% of the restorations, whereas amalgam was used in 4.8% and glass ionomers in 9.4% of the restorations. The median ages of failed restorations were nearly 12 years for amalgam, slightly less than 5 years for composite, and slightly more than 4 years for glass ionomer. The results indicate that clinical dentistry in Finland has made a definite step towards the post-amalgam era. However, the functional periods of the failed tooth-colored restorations were disappointingly short and warrant some serious consideration.
Gallamine triethiodide selectively blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in Ranvier nodes. (2001)

The effects of gallamine on ionic currents in single intact Ranvier nodes of the toad Xenopus were investigated. The following fully reversible effects were observed: 1. With a test concentration of 1 mmol/l the current-voltage relation of steady-state potassium currents, IK ss exhibited a complete block of IK ss up to about V = 110 mV; with stronger depolarisations the block was incomplete. The peak sodium currents, in contrast, were not affected. 2. At the same test concentration the potassium permeability constant PK was reduced by 92% from its normal value, while the sodium permeability constant PNa decreased by only 8%. 3. Concentration-response relations of the block of PK yielded an apparent dissociation constant of 30 micromol/l and a steepness parameter of unity. Patch-clamp experiments on cloned Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3 and Kv3.1 channels yielded apparent dissociation constants of 86, 19, >>100 and 121 micromol/l, respectively. Our findings show that gallamine is particularly well suited for separating potassium and sodium currents in axonal current ensembles. They also strongly suggest that potassium currents in Ranvier nodes of Xenopus are mainly carried by an ensemble of Kv1.1 and 1.2 channels.
Topologic Equivalents of Coronands, Cryptands and Their Inclusion Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of {2}‐Metallacryptands and {2}‐Metallacryptates (1997)

Abstract The synthesis and structural characterisation of two dinuclear iron(III) complexes are reported. The compounds of general structure [Fe 2 L ] [ 8 ; L 1 = dianion of 2,2′‐dicyano‐2,2′‐isophthaloyldi(isopropyldicarboxylate)] and [K ⊂ Fe 2 L ] + (PF 6 ) ‐ [ 10 ; L 2 = dianion of 1,1′‐(2,6‐pyridylene)bis‐1,3‐(4‐dimethyl)‐pentanedione] are formed by the deprotonation of ligands 7 and 9 with triethylamine and potassium hydride respectively, followed by addition of iron(III) chloride and work up with water or aqueous potassium hexafluorophosphate. X‐ray crystallographic studies reveal that 8 is a racemic mixture composed of triple helicates with (Δ,Δ)‐ fac and (Δ,Δ)‐ fac configuration at the two iron bridgeheads. In contrast to racemic 8 , the two iron centres in the meso ‐ 10 [(Δ,Δ)‐ fac ] have opposite configuration. Investigations of the redox‐active iron centres in {2}‐metallacryptand 8 and {2}‐metallacryptate 10 by cyclic voltammetry show slightly different behaviour. The peaks for the two consecutive reductions of the two iron centres of 8 can hardly be resolved, whereas 10 shows two well‐separated peaks. Mössbauer measurements were performed on 8 and 10 between 4.2 and 300 K, with and without a field applied perpendicular or parallel to the γ‐beam. All zero‐field and 20 mT spectra exhibit a broad and unresolved absorption pattern. Application of 5.3 T at 4.2 K results in well‐resolved magnetic hyperfine patterns which are practically the same for 8 and 10.
Low power logic synthesis for XOR based circuits (1997)

An abundance of research efforts in low power logic synthesis have so far been focused on AND/OR or NAND/NOR based logic. A typical approach is to first generate an initial multi- level AND/OR or NAND/NOR representation of a boolean function. Next, the representation is optimized in terms of power. However, there are major classes of circuits such as arithmetic functions which have sizable AND/OR representations but have very compact AND/XOR representations. For these functions AND/OR based optimization approach often yields poor results. In this paper, we put forth a paradigm for low power logic synthesis based on AND/XOR representations of boolean functions. Specifically, we propose transforming a boolean function into a Fixed Polarity Reed Muller form that allows us to efficiently synthesize XOR trees and AND trees with provably minimum switching activity. Preliminary experimental results show that we attain good power savings with negligible area overhead and often area reduction when compared to conventional AND/XOR based synthesis methods and the Berkeley SIS system.
Adhesive RAFT agents for controlled polymerization of acrylamide: effect of catechol-end R groups (2015)

Synthesizing polyacrylamide (PAM) inorganic nanocomposites with stable tethering and controlled polymer length has been elusive.
Entering the Fray: The role of outdoor education in providing nature-based experiences that matter (2012)

This article draws on different bodies of knowledge in order to review the potential role of outdoor education in providing nature-based experiences that might contribute to sustainable living A pragmatic perspective is adopted to critique what outdoor education is,and then what it might be. Phenomenology is used to challenge the belief that there is a causal relationship between activities and learning outcomes but foremost to consider what it is to be in nature in the first place. Aspects of both realism and social constructionism are presented as essential to environmental philosophy and the concomitant, but contested, relationship between people and planet. Through these multiple realities the moral significance of nature emerges not only as a theoretical consideration but as a practical one too. In this way I challenge dualisms that provide stumbling blocks to practice and celebrate instead pluralistic thinking where starting points are based on real-life work settings where theory and practice can emerge together through place-specific solutions.
Effectiveness of a Facial Forensic Training Course (2018)

Forensic facial examiners are professionals trained to identify faces in images. They have extensive training, and their identity comparisons involve a rigorous process. Part of their training includes completion of courses that teach them methods for identifying faces. The goal of this study was to determine if a course improved the face matching accuracy of the students. The course was 10 days in length and took place over two consecutive business weeks. Ten students in the class volunteered to participate in the study. To be able to compare face matching ability with published results in the literature, the Glasgow Face Matching Test was administered on the morning of the first day of class. To measure the change in face matching ability over the course, two tests of equal difficulty were created. The image-pairs in the two tests (n1=30 and n2=29) were from White et al 2015 Proceedings of the Royal Society. Accuracy for each subject was measured by area under the ROC (AUC). Results: Half of the students' accuracies increased between the first and second tests; the other decreased. The accuracies of all the students were comparable to the super-recognizers in Robertson et al, 2016, PLoS One; the students were comparable to the forensic facial examiners in White et al 2015. Conclusions: The test results did not show an increase in performance over the course. The students already had superior face matching ability. The distributions of students' AUCs on the before and after tests were comparable; however, there was a high within subject variability. Recommendations: Future tests are designed for students with superior face matching ability. The tests allow students sufficient time to use the tools and methods taught in the class. The within subject variability on face matching and recognition tasks needs to be quantified. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Radiotoxicity of Bismuth-213 Bound to Membranes of Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures of Tumor Cells (1999)

Monoclonal antibody 13A to murine CD44 was used to bind the alpha-particle emitter 213Bi to cell surfaces of cultured EMT-6 or Line 1 tumor cells. Data on kinetics and saturation of binding, cell shape and nuclear size were used to calculate the absorbed dose to the nuclei. Treatment of monolayer cells with [213Bi]MAb 13A produced a classical exponential survival curve with no apparent shoulder. Microdosimetry analyses indicated that 1.4-1.7 Gy produced a 37% surviving fraction (D0). Multicellular spheroids were shown to bind [213Bi]MAb 13A mainly on the outer cell layer. Relatively small amounts of activity added to the spheroids resulted in relatively large absorbed doses. The result was that 3-6-fold less added radioisotope was necessary to kill similar fractions of cells in spheroids than in monolayer cells. These data are consistent with the interpretation that the alpha particles from a single 213Bi atom bound to one cell can penetrate and kill adjacent cells. Flow cytometry was used to sort cells originating from the periphery or from the interior of spheroids. Cells from the outside of the [213Bi]MAb 13A exposed spheroids had a lower surviving fraction per administered activity than cells from the interior. Cells were killed efficiently in spheroids up to 20-30 cells in diameter. The data support the hypothesis that alpha-particle emitters should be very efficient at killing cells in micrometastases of solid tumors.
The Mitchell Camera: The Machine and its Makers (1982)

A concise history of one of the world's pioneer professional motion-picture camera makers, including a review of its products from 1920 to the present day. In addition to the company's standard 35-mm and 16-mm models, the discussion includes specialized models in the wide-film gauges of 55-mm, 65-mm, and 70-mm, as well as horizontal-travel 35-mm and multiple-panel 35-mm models. Also included are process projectors (front and rear screen), and less well known Mitchell products such as the 16-mm and 35-mm theater projectors and 8-mm and 16-mm amateur projectors. The concept and use of various types of Mitchell movements and their importance to the film industry are also covered.