gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Checking up on the neighbors: Quantifying uncertainty in relative event location (2012)

With high-permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs exhausting their potential, developing low-permeability reservoirs is becoming of increasing importance. In order to be produced economically, these reservoirs need to be stimulated to increase their permeability. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to do this. A mixture of water, additives, and proppants is injected under high pressure into the subsurface; this fluid fractures the rock, creating additional pathways for the oil or gas. Understanding the nature of the resulting fracture system, including the geometry, size, and orientation of individual fractures, as well as the distance from one fracture to the next, is key to answering important practical questions such as: What is the affected reservoir volume? Where should we fracture next? What are the optimal locations for future production wells?
Spatial prediction of monthly wind speeds in complex terrain with adaptive general regression neural networks (2012)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the general regression neural networks ( GRNN ) as a nonlinear regression method for the interpolation of monthly wind speeds in complex Alpine orography. GRNN is trained using data coming from Swiss meteorological networks to learn the statistical relationship between topographic features and wind speed. The terrain convexity, slope and exposure are considered by extracting features from the digital elevation model at different spatial scales using specialised convolution filters. A database of gridded monthly wind speeds is then constructed by applying GRNN in prediction mode during the period 1968–2008. This study demonstrates that using topographic features as inputs in GRNN significantly reduces cross‐validation errors with respect to low‐dimensional models integrating only geographical coordinates and terrain height for the interpolation of wind speed. The spatial predictability of wind speed is found to be lower in summer than in winter due to more complex and weaker wind‐topography relationships. The relevance of these relationships is studied using an adaptive version of the GRNN algorithm which allows to select the useful terrain features by eliminating the noisy ones. This research provides a framework for extending the low‐dimensional interpolation models to high‐dimensional spaces by integrating additional features accounting for the topographic conditions at multiple spatial scales. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Laser Polishing (2012)

A new approach to polish metallic freeform surfaces is polishing by means of laser radiation. In this technology a thin surface layer is molten and the surface tension leads to a material flow from the peaks to the valleys. No material is removed but reallocated while molten. As the typical processing time is 1 min/cm<sup>2</sup> laser polishing is up to 30 times faster than manual polishing. Reducing the roughness by laser polishing is achieved for several different materials such as hot work steels for the die and molding industries or titanium alloys for medical engineering. Enhancing the appearance of design surfaces is achieved by creating a dual-gloss effect by selective laser polishing (SLP). In comparison to conventional polishing processes laser polishing opens up the possibility of selective processing of small areas (&lt; 0.1 mm<sup>2</sup>). A dual-gloss effect is based on a space-resolved change in surface roughness. In comparison to the initial surface the roughness of the laser polished surface is reduced significantly up to spatial wavelengths of 80 microns and therefore the gloss is raised considerably. The surface roughness is investigated by a spectral analysis which is achieved by a discrete convolution of the surface profile with a Gaussian loaded function. The surfaces roughness is split into discrete wavelength intervals and can be evaluated and optimized. Laser polishing is carried out by using a special tailored five-axis mechanical handling system, combined with a three axis laser scanning system and a fibre laser.
Beyond IaaS and PaaS: An Extended Cloud Taxonomy for Computation, Storage and Networking (2013)

Cloud computing is currently classified by the generally accepted terms IaaS, PaaS and SaaS. These are not precise enough to give users and providers a common terminology to differentiate between existing cloud offers. Furthermore, there is no common and accepted terminology for storage and network cloud services. Terms like StaaS and NaaS have been coined but lack a clear definition. This paper contributes a fine-grained taxonomy for computation, storage and network services which is still compliant with existing terminology. Our taxonomy is based on abstractions cloud services provide to tenants, it does not consider implementation aspects. In addition to our taxonomy, we provide a classification of many existing services and simple decision trees that allow an easy classification of any cloud offer of interest. Our comprehensive and fine-grained taxonomy is a new basis for the determination of existing and future cloud offerings.
Evidence that rodent epididymal sperm contain the Mr approximately 94,000 glucocorticoid receptor but lack the Mr approximately 90,000 heat shock protein. (1992)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against four different polypeptide epitopes on the Mr approximately 94,000 steroid-binding subunit of the rat liver cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (GcR) were used to probe Western blots of epididymal spermatozoa from rats and mice. Two sperm polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 94,000 (indistinguishable in size from the liver GcR subunit) and 150,000 reacted with these antibodies. Other polypeptides that are present in a wide variety of somatic cells [lamin-A, -B, and -C; topoisomerase-I; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; the 62-kilodalton internal nuclear matrix protein; the nucleolar protein B23; and histone H1] could not be detected in these preparations of spermatozoa, thus appearing to rule out contamination by somatic cells. Rat and mouse pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids contained much lower amounts of the Mr approximately 94,000 and 150,000 polypeptides. These results suggested that the steroid-binding subunit of the GcR might be accumulated late in spermatogenesis. Consistent with this view, a 6-kilobase mRNA (identical in size to a mRNA detected in mouse somatic cell lines) was detected when Northern blots of mouse round spermatid RNA were probed with a cDNA to the steroid-binding GcR subunit. Although the results described above suggest the presence of GcR in rodent sperm, high affinity binding of glucocorticoids to epididymal sperm could not be detected in a whole cell binding assay. Further analysis revealed that the Mr approximately 90,000 heat shock protein (hsp90), a component reportedly required for high affinity ligand binding to the GcR, was present in early germ cells, but absent from rodent epididymal sperm. These results suggest that the Mr approximately 94,000 steroid-binding subunit of the GcR and an immunologically related Mr approximately 150,000 polypeptide are specifically accumulated during the later stages of rodent spermatogenesis, but are not assembled into receptor complexes capable of binding steroid. In addition, these results support the view that hsp90 is required for high affinity binding of glucocorticoids to the Mr approximately 94,000 GcR subunit in intact cells.
Serum Calcium and Incident and Fatal Prostate Cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008)

We examined the association between serum calcium levels and the risk for prostate cancer using a prospective cohort, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the NHANES Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Eighty-five incident cases of prostate cancer and 25 prostate cancer deaths occurred over 46,188 person-years of follow-up. Serum calcium was determined an average of 9.9 years before the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Comparing men in the top with men in the bottom tertile of serum calcium, the multivariable-adjusted relative hazard for fatal prostate cancer was 2.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-6.99; P(trend) = 0.04). For incident prostate cancer, the relative risk for the same comparison was 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-2.20; P(trend) = 0.34). These results support the hypothesis that high serum calcium or a factor strongly associated with it (e.g., high serum parathyroid hormone) increases the risk for fatal prostate cancer. Our finding of a >2.5-fold increased risk for men in the highest tertile of serum calcium is comparable in magnitude with the risk associated with family history and could add significantly to our ability to identify men at increased risk for fatal prostate cancer.
Effect of Transient and Permanent Permeability Transition Pore Opening on NAD(P)H Localization in Intact Cells (2009)

To study the effect of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening on NAD(P)H localization, intact cells were exposed to the Ca(2+) ionophore A23187. PTP opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial volume, and NAD(P)H localization were assessed by time-lapse laser confocal microscopy using the calcein-cobalt technique, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, MitoTracker, and NAD(P)H autofluorescence, respectively. Concomitant with PTP opening, NAD(P)H fluorescence increased outside mitochondria. These events occurred in all cells and were prevented by cyclosporin A. Mitochondrial membrane potential was not systematically collapsed, whereas mitochondrial volume did not change, confirming that A23187 induced transient PTP opening in a subpopulation of cells and suggesting that mitochondrial swelling did not immediately occur after PTP opening in intact cells. NAD(P)H autofluorescence remained elevated after PTP opening, particularly after membrane potential had been collapsed by an uncoupler. Extraction of nucleotide for NAD(P)H quantification confirmed that PTP opening led to an increase in NAD(P)H content. Because the oxygen consumption rate decreased, whereas the lactate/pyruvate ratio increased after PTP opening in intact cells, we conclude that PTP opening inhibits respiration and dramatically affects the cytosolic redox potential in intact cells.
DNA mit hydrophobem Basen‐Ersatz: ein stabiles reißverschlussartiges Erkennungsmuster durch Interstrang‐Basen‐Stapelwechselwirkungen (2003)

Bis zu vier hydrophobe, nicht wasserstoffverbrückende Biaryl-Paare können im Zentrum der Sequenz kurzer DNA-Duplexe eingeschoben werden, ohne die Duplexstabilität zu gefährden. Die Erkennung der Biaryl-Reste erfolgt über Interstrang-Stapelwechselwirkung, die hier schematisch dargestellt ist (X=Biphenyl oder Bipyridyl). Dieses reißverschlussartige Strukturmuster ermöglicht die Einführung neuartiger Funktionen in ein auf dem DNA-Rückgrat beruhendes molekulares Erkennungsystem.
Promoting plasticity in the spinal cord with chondroitinase improves functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair (2007)

Functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair in humans is often disappointing. A major reason for this is the inaccuracy of re-innervation of muscles and sensory structures. We hypothesized that promoting plasticity in the spinal cord, through digestion of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) with chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), might allow the CNS to compensate for inaccurate peripheral re-innervation and improve functional recovery. The median and ulnar nerves were injured and repaired to produce three grades of inaccuracy of peripheral re-innervation by (i) crush of both nerves; (ii) correct repair of median to median and ulnar to ulnar; and (iii) crossover of the median and ulnar nerves. Mapping of the motor neuron pool of the flexor carpi radialis muscle showed precise re-innervation after nerve crush, inaccurate regeneration after correct repair, more inaccurate after crossover repair. Recovery of forelimb function, assessed by skilled paw reaching, grip strength and sensory testing varied with accuracy of re-innervation. This was not due to differences in the number of regenerated axons. Single injections of ChABC into the spinal cord led to long-term changes in the extracellular matrix, with hyaluronan and neurocan being removed and not fully replaced after 8 weeks. ChABC treatment produce increased sprouting visualized by MAP1BP staining and improved functional recovery in skilled paw reaching after correct repair and in grip strength after crossover repair. There was no hyperalgesia. Enhanced plasticity in the spinal cord, therefore, allows the CNS to compensate for inaccurate motor and sensory re-innervation of the periphery, and may be a useful adjunct therapy to peripheral nerve repair.
Tool Path Planning Generation For Finish Machining of Freeform Surfaces in the Cybercut Process Planning Pipeline (2007)

HT associated with bevacizumab therapy is a manageable toxicity with the use of ACE-I.
Identifying Security Vulnerabilities Early in the ECU Software Development Lifecycle (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the past few years, automotive electronic control units (ECUs) have been the focus of many studies regarding the ability to affect the deterministic operation of safety critical cyber-physical systems. Researchers have been able to successfully demonstrate flaws in security design that have considerable, dramatic impacts on the functional safety of a target vehicle. With the rapid increase in data connectivity within a modern automobile, the attack surface has been greatly broadened to allow adversaries remote access to vehicle control system software and networks. This has serious implications, as a vast number of vulnerability disclosures released by security researchers point directly to common programming bugs and software quality issues as the root cause of successful exploits which can compromise the vehicle as a whole. In this paper, we aim to bring to light the most prominent categories of bugs found during the software development life cycle of an automotive ECU. We employ the method of static code analysis using reference coding standards such as MISRA and CERT C secure coding guidelines, to identify categories of software bugs which are most likely to remain in the vehicle, undetected as zero-day security vulnerabilities. We further examine the security issues originating from each category and provide an insight into the systematic elimination of crucial security-related bugs, much earlier in the software development life cycle. In the long term, we expect such an approach to drastically reduce the amount of attack vectors available for exploit in the ECU's software and limit the scope of damage possible by a malicious adversary.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Geologic Controls on Reservoir Properties of Low-Permeability Sandstone, Frontier Formation, Moxa Arch, Southwestern Wyoming (1995)

Geologic Controls on Reservoir Properties of Low-Permeability Sandstone, Frontier Formation, Moxa Arch, Southwestern Wyoming, by S. P. Dutton, H. S. Hamlin, and S. E. Laubach. 89 p., 72 figs., 8 tables, 1995. doi.org/10.23867/RI0234D. Digital Version.For a print version: RI0234.
Dual-task Training Reduces Fall Frequency And Increases Physical Activity In Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease (2018)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with motor and non-motor symptoms that increase individuals’ risk of falling, which may contribute to lowered physical activity behavior. Dual-task constructs, or simultaneous performance of a motor-cognitive task, results in an increase in gait dysfunction in PD; however both single-task (separate training of gait and cognition), and dual-task training (i.e., simultaneous training of gait and cognition) have been shown to improve gait function in PD. A comparison of the effects single- and dual-task interventions on physical activity behavior, falls and motor symptoms in PD has yet to be assessed. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of single- and dual-task training on physical activity, falls, and motor symptoms in PD patients with a history of falls. METHODS: Twenty-one PD patients (age 63 ± 9 years) were randomized into single (n = 11) or dual-task (n = 10) training group. Both training groups exercised 40 minutes, three times/ wk for eight weeks. Daily physical activity, 30-day fall frequency, and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were assessed during peak levodopa response (1-hr post antiparkinsonian medication administration) by a single-blinded rater at baseline and post intervention. RESULTS: UPDRS scores significantly (p = 0.007) improved from baseline (34.90 ±11.24) to end of treatment (32.75 ±11.63) for both the single and dual-task groups. Physical activity significantly increased (p = 0.03) from baseline (4,942 ± 4,415 steps/day) to end of treatment (5,914 ± 5,425 steps/day) for both single and dual-task groups combined. Fall frequency decreased significantly (p = 0.02) in the dual-task group from baseline (2.30 ±3.02 falls) to end of treatment (0.80 ± 1.14 falls) with no change (p = 0.32) in falls in the single-task group (0.60 ± 0.84 falls at baseline, 0.80 ± 1.14 falls at end of treatment). CONCLUSION: Both single and dual-task training were successful in increasing physical activity. The improvement in UPDRS scores exceeded the threshold for minimally clinically important difference. Fall frequency was reduced only in the dual-task group, which indicates dual-task training is superior than single-task training at reducing falls in PD.
Assembly proteins of CS1 pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1996)

Some strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with human diarrhoeal disease produce a class of pili represented by those called CS1. For the assembly of the major-pilin subunit, CooA, into pili, each of four linked genes, cooB, A, C, and D, is required. In this study, we have determined the subcellular localization of CooB, C and D, and investigated the molecular interactions of these proteins using specific antisera. CooD appears to be an integral pilus protein because it co-purifies with, and is strongly associated with, CS1 pili. In keeping with its role as an assembly protein, the CooD minor pilin (when overexpressed in CS1-piliated strains) was detected in periplasmic intermolecular complexes with the major-pilin subunit CooA. CooB is an assembly protein found exclusively in the periplasm of CS1-piliated strains. CooB also forms periplasmic intermolecular complexes with CooA, but does not constitute part of the final pilus structure. Immunoblot analysis of cell fractions showed that CooC is an outer membrane protein of CS1-piliated E. coli. Based on this information, we have proposed a model for CS1-pilus assembly which is very similar to the model for polymerization of the PapA pilin of uropathogenic E. coli. As the assembly proteins of Pap and CS1 pili are structurally unrelated, this may represent a case of convergent evolution.
A Numerical Study on the Correlation between Sky View Factor and Summer Microclimate of Local Climate Zones (2019)

In the context of urbanization, research on urban microclimate and thermal comfort has become one of the themes of eco-city design. Sky view factor (SVF), one of the parameters of urban spatial form, combines multiple morphological information, such as plane opening, aspect ratio, and building density and has an important impact on the urban microclimate. However, there is still no clear research conclusion on the correlation between SVF and microclimate. In this paper, nine Local Climate Zone (LCZ) models are used and typical summer meteorological conditions of Nanjing are applied as an attempt to partially fill this gap. The calculated microclimate and thermal comfort indices include air temperature (AT), surface temperature (ST), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), mean radiant temperature (MRT), and predicted mean vote (PMV). Results show that the local effect of urban morphology on thermal comfort can be retrieved from the use of comprehensive parameters such as SVF (which takes into account the building height, layout, and density) whose distribution in the investigated models showed to be correlated with MRT, so did PMV under low wind speed conditions.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for the specific glycoprotein (gp55) of Friend spleen focus-forming virus. (1983)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for the specific glycoprotein (gp55) of the polycythemic strain of Friend spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) was derived from the cloned SFFV DNA intermediate. The gp55 gene is present within 1.4 kilobases of the 5' side of the 3'long terminal repeat sequence. The open reading frame predicts the primary translation product has a total of 409 amino acids with a Mr of 44,752. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence of gp55 with those of the envelope (env) gene products of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) revealed that gp55 is composed of three distinct regions. The amino-terminal 80% of the molecule has a high degree of sequence homology with the amino-terminal portion of the gp70 of the Moloney mink cell focus-forming virus (BALB/Mo-MCFV). This portion of the BALB/Mo-MCFV gp70 is known to be coded for by the acquired xenotropic env-like sequence. The sequence of the following 66 amino acids of gp55 is highly homologous to that of the middle portion of the p15E of Moloney MuLV (Mo-MuLV). The sequence of the Carboxyl-terminal 12 amino acids is specific to gp55 and a comparison of the nucleotide sequence showed that this specific amino acid sequence is due to the presence of seven extra nucleotides compared with the sequence of the Mo-MuLV.
Mutagenesis of Strains of Propionibacterium to Produce Cold-Sensitive Mutants (1983)

A mutagenesis procedure that involved exposures to N-metbyl-N '-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine followed by penicillin counterselection was developed to obtain cold-sensitive mutants of strains of Propionibacterium commonly used for production of Swiss cheese. Optimum conditions for mutagenesis were exposure to 150 gg/ml N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine for 30 min at 32C to kill approximately 99.0% of the cells, followed by exposure to 2000/ag/ml penicillin G at 14C for 48 h to select for those organisms unable to grow at low temperature. Seven cold-sensitive mutants were found that grew at rates similar to that of the parent at 32C but grew much more slowly than the parent 14C. All mutants behaved identically to the parent strain in tests to determine sugar fermentations and nitrate reduction. Three of the cold-sensitive mutants differed from the parent strain in sensitivity to streptomycin, which suggests they may contain altered ribosomes.
The thickness dependence of the flow stress of capped and uncapped polycrystalline Ag thin films (1998)

The flow stress of capped and uncapped polycrystalline silver films on oxidized silicon wafers is reported as a function of Ag film thickness (in the range of 0.2–1.2 μm) and temperature (in the range of −50–500 °C). While the flow stress in capped films increases with decreasing film thickness, the flow stress in uncapped films increases when film thickness is decreased from 1.2 to 0.5 μm, but then decreases with further decreases in film thickness. A high temperature regime of purely plastic strain accommodation extends to lower temperatures in thinner uncapped films than in capped films, with a transition temperature to elastoplastic behavior characterized by an apparent activation energy consistent with diffusive mechanisms of strain relief. These results suggest that surface diffusion to, and down, grain boundaries (whose spacing scale with film thickness) mediates strain accommodation in uncapped films.