gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of immunogold labeling indicates low levels and non-vesicular localization ofL-aspartate in rat primary afferent terminals (2000)

The role of L-aspartate as an excitatory neurotransmitter in primary afferent synapses in the spinal cord dorsal horn is disputed. To further investigate this issue, we examined the presence of aspartate-like immunoreactivity in primary afferent nerve terminals and other tissue components of the dorsal horn. We also examined the relationship between aspartate and glutamate immunogold labeling density and the density of synaptic vesicles in primary afferent terminals and presumed inhibitory terminals forming symmetric synapses. Weak aspartate immunosignals, similar to or lower than those displayed by presumed inhibitory terminals, were detected in both C-fiber primary afferent terminals in lamina II (dense sinusoid axon terminals, identified by morphological criteria) and in A-fiber primary afferent terminals in laminae III-IV (identified with anterograde transport of choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase conjugate). The aspartate immunogold signal in primary afferent terminals was only about one-fourth of that in deep dorsal horn neuronal cell bodies. Further, whereas significant positive correlations were evident between synaptic vesicle density and glutamate immunogold labeling density in both A- and C-fiber primary afferent terminals, none of the examined terminal populations displayed a significant correlation between synaptic vesicle density and aspartate immunogold labeling density. Thus, our results indicate relatively low levels and a non-vesicular localization of aspartate in primary afferent terminals. It is therefore suggested that aspartate, rather than being a primary afferent neurotransmitter, serves a role in the intermediary metabolism in primary afferent terminals.
Modeling, simulation and hardware implementation of a bond graph-maximum power point tracker for a photovoltaic panel under partially shaded conditions (2016)

The electric power generated by a photovoltaic module can be greatly reduced compared with optimal production due to weather conditions and factors such as partial shade. The main defect of a conventional maximum power point tracking control algorithm is its misinterpretation of the location of the maximum power point during a sudden change in climatic conditions because of the existence of several local maxima on the power–voltage characteristic curve. This work presents a preliminary study on the modeling, simulation and implementation of a new algorithm for power output maximization of photovoltaic generators under partially shaded conditions using a bond graph approach. The idea is to use a buck-boost converter and to test experimentally the performance of the proposed algorithm on a real photovoltaic panel. We imposed ten patterns of irradiance on the photovoltaic panel, of which more than half were patterns of partial shading. The proposed controller performed excellently under all shading conditions compared with the classical direct duty cycle technique. The control part and the proposed algorithm were implemented on a microcontroller, and the efficiency of the developed algorithm was demonstrated as a function of the real position of the maximum power point through the results of a simulation performed using Symbols (SYstem Modeling by BOnd graph Language and Simulation) software. The results obtained from the simulation were compared with experimental results obtained from real measurements using a Photowatt PW1650 photovoltaic panel under the same operating conditions and climatic environment.
Localized Electrochemical Analyses on Electrodes Using by Nano-Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (2016)

Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy with a single barrel nanopipette (nanoSECCM), which is one of scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) families, is a powerful tool for analyzing electrochemical activities (e.g. redox reaction and lithium-ion (de) intercalation processes) at localized area. A glass nano-pipette is used as a probe of nanoSECCM filled with electrolyte and a reference electrode. As the pipette is in proximity of sample surface, a meniscus is created. Through the meniscus, electrochemical activities can be obtained at localized area on the sample. Further, as the pipette scans the sample surface, electrochemical activities can be also visualized. Our experiments demonstrate that nanoSECCM is applicable to investigation of current response related to lithium-ion transport, redox cycling on various types of electrodes.
Simultaneous en-face imaging of two layers in the human retina by low-coherence reflectometry (1997)

We show that with a fiberized multiple Michelson-interferometer-type configuration, transverse images from several layers in the human eye can be simultaneously obtained. We demonstrate the principle by producing simultaneous 100x100 pixel en-face images of a 4 mmx4 mm region on a postmortem retina for two depth positions 250 mum apart.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples by two-step polymerase chain reaction and nonisotopic hybridization methods (1993)

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was compared with detection by culture. A 317-bp segment within the M. tuberculosis-specific insertion sequence IS6110 was amplified. The detection limit of the PCR assay for cultured mycobacteria was 50 cells per reaction by ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel electrophoresis and 5 cells per reaction by hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe conjugated with either digoxigenin or alkaline phosphatase (AP). This sensitivity was reduced fivefold in sputum specimens seeded with M. tuberculosis. Seventy-six clinical specimens were amplified and examined by the three detection methods. Both the digoxigenin and AP procedures were found to be more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis, but they were occasionally associated with a high background. An additional 308 specimens were examined only by agarose gel electrophoresis and the AP procedure. Of 71 specimens found to contain M. tuberculosis, amplified products were detected from 56 (79%) samples by agarose gel electrophoresis and/or the AP procedure. Of the additional 313 specimens that were culture negative for M. tuberculosis, 19 (6%) had amplified products detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis and/or the AP procedure. Compared with culture, PCR showed sensitivities and specificities of 55 and 98%, respectively, for agarose gel electrophoresis and 74 and 95%, respectively, for the AP procedure. Despite this low sensitivity, a rapid positive PCR result was accurate and clinically useful.
Rat heart fatty acid-binding protein is highly homologous to the murine adipocyte 422 protein and the P2 protein of peripheral nerve myelin. (1986)

The rat heart contains an abundant cytosolic protein which binds long chain fatty acids. We have determined its primary structure by Edman degradation of peptides generated from chymotryptic, tryptic, and elastase digestions. This polypeptide (Mr = 14,992) contains 134 amino acids and has a blocked (acetylated) NH2 terminus. The sequence of rat heart fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is remarkably similar to the murine adipocyte 422 protein and the P2 protein of peripheral nerve myelin. Computer-assisted alignment of heart FABP and 422 revealed that 82 of 132 comparable residues are identical (62%). There are 77 identities out of 131 possible matches between this protein and the human myelin P2 protein (59%). Similar comparisons demonstrate that heart FABP has significant homology to several other proteins which bind hydrophobic ligands. The rank of order of similarity to heart FABP is: 422 greater than myelin P2 greater than cellular retinoic acid-binding protein greater than cellular retinol-binding protein II greater than cellular retinol-binding protein greater than intestinal FABP greater than liver FABP. These eight sequences form a family of paralogous homologues. Heart FABP has a region of internal homology involving tandemly arrayed oligopeptides spanning residues 71-100 and 101-131. This feature is not found in the 422 and P2 sequences. The endogenous ligands bound by the 422, P2, and heart FABP sequences have not been defined. Interpretation of the biological significance of their structural similarities and differences will require information about their ligand specificities and affinities.
Phenobarbitone enhances [35S]TBPS binding to extensively washed rat cortical membranes (1985)

Abstract Pentobarbitone and phenobarbitone enhance [35S]TBPS binding to extensively washed rat cortical membranes with ED50 values of 15 and 120 μM, respectively, indicative of an interaction with the chloride ionophore part of the GABA-receptor different from the TBPS binding site, but allos-terically coupled to this site.
Stand density management in rainforest plantations (2005)

Fertilization is an intricate cascade of events that irreversibly alter the participating male and female gamete and ultimately lead to the union of paternal and maternal genomes in the zygote. Fertilization starts with sperm capacitation within the oviductal sperm reservoir, followed by gamete recognition, sperm-zona pellucida interactions and sperm-oolemma adhesion and fusion, followed by sperm incorporation, oocyte activation, pronuclear development and embryo cleavage. At fertilization, bull spermatozoon loses its acrosome and plasma membrane components and contributes chromosomes, centriole, perinuclear theca proteins and regulatory RNAs to the zygote. While also incorporated in oocyte cytoplasm, structures of the sperm tail, including mitochondrial sheath, axoneme, fibrous sheath and outer dense fibers are degraded and recycled. The ability of some of these sperm contributed components to give rise to functional zygotic structures and properly induce embryonic development may vary between bulls, bearing on their reproductive performance, and on the fitness, health, fertility and production traits of their offspring. Proper functioning, recycling and remodeling of gamete structures at fertilization is aided by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the universal substrate-specific protein recycling pathway present in bovine and other mammalian oocytes and spermatozoa. This review is focused on the aspects of UPS relevant to bovine fertilization and bull fertility.
Example Based Image Analysis and Synthesis (1993)

Image analysis and graphics synthesis can be achieved with learning techniques using directly image examples without physically-based, 3D models. We describe here novel techniques for the analysis and the synthesis of new grey-level (and color) images. With the first technique, ffl the mapping from novel images to a vector of &amp;quot;pose&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;expression&amp;quot; parameters can be learned from a small set of example images using a function approximation technique that we call an analysis network; ffl the inverse mapping from input &amp;quot;pose&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;expression&amp;quot; parameters to output grey-level images can be synthesized from a small set of example images and used to produce new images under real-time control using a similar learning network, called in this case a synthesis network. This technique relies on (i) using a correspondence algorithm that matches corresponding pixels among pairs of grey-level images and effectively &amp;quot;vectorizes&amp;quot; them, and (ii) exploiting a class of multidimensional interpolation n...
Changes in Myofibrillar Protein and Collagen Content of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Due to Washing and Screening (1992)

Mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) was subjected to an aqueous washing process with a .5% sodium bicarbonate solution. A screen sieving (.85-mm mesh) separation procedure was incorporated, and two fractions of the washed meat were obtained. One fraction of the washed meat captured by the screen yielded 18.7% of original MDCM on a dry weight basis, and contained 2.8 times more myofibrillar protein and 3.0 times more connective tissue than that of the unwashed MDCM when expressed on a dry weight basis. The fraction of washed meat that passed through the screen sieve device yielded 20.7% of original MDCM on a dry weight basis, and contained 9.2 times more myofibrillar protein than unwashed MDCM. Furthermore, it had 3.0 times less connective tissue than the unwashed MDCM when expressed on a dry weight basis. Thus, the subsequent washed meat fraction would have a composition closely analogous to that of fish surimi.
Cytokine-based modulation of immune function in HIV infection (2006)

Recent clinical data showed that this effect is sustained over years. Most recent studies support the notion that IL-2 therapy induces a peripheral expansion of T cells as a consequence of the prolonged survival of T cells and decreased immune activation. These effects suggest that a cytokine therapy may impact critical factors of HIV disease. Recent data provide arguments that IL-2 therapy combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy improves immune functions. Whether these effects may be translated into clinical benefits is under evaluation in ongoing phase III studies. The potential interest in IL-7 for the treatment of HIV infection is based on its crucial role on T-cell homeostasis, both in thymic output and peripheral T-cell proliferation and survival. Although no data in humans are yet available, recent studies have provided arguments in favour of evaluating the potential interest in this cytokine for treatment of HIV infection. Phase I studies are ongoing or planned.
Simultaneous Coke Reduction with Improved Syngas Production during Propane Steam Reforming using Forced CO2 Cycling (2018)

Carbon deposition during hydrocarbon steam reforming is often a major cause of pathological reactor performance and catalyst deactivation. In this paper, we report the effect of forced periodic cycling between propane-steam reforming feed and a carbon gasifying agent (CO2) as a novel reactor strategy to both improve product yield (H2 and CO) and catalyst longevity. Experiments were carried out over Co-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor. Cycle period, ?, was varied between 5 to 20 mins at 5 different cycle splits, (0.1 ? s ? 0.9). Both H2 and CO formation rates were higher (up to 5-fold and more than 10-fold, respectively) than that attainable under steady-state operation at all periods investigated. In particular, the time-average H2:CO ratio was lower (&lt; 3.0) than the steady-state equivalent for the pure propane steam reforming (14.0), although it increased monotonically with cycle split. Composition cycling with CO2 also improved catalyst stability and longevity compared to steady-state performance at the cycle periods examined. This strategic reactor operation is therefore a potentially useful key to green process engineering in the overall petrochemical plant design to effect greenhouse gas emission reduction.
New insights into renal transport of urate (2007)

Although our knowledge of renal urate handling has been increased by the molecular identification of urate transport proteins and by results of genetic studies on patients with serum urate disorders, current evidence is insufficient to fully understand the precise mechanism governing the bi-directional transport of urate. Further studies are still necessary.
Look-up table error correcting multiple pulse PPM codes for wireless optical communication channels (2008)

Performance of optical wireless communication (OWC) systems can be optimised using constant optical power transmission in conjunction with forward error control coding. A new family of constant power error correcting codes using multiple pulse position modulation optical transmission are introduced. This doubly featured technique may extend the capability of many difficult wireless optical links beyond their existing barriers and may enable a higher error performance for OWC networks. The potential and design of look-up table codes are investigated. The Monte Carlo methods provide supportive data for the performance and code word search.
Informatic Tools for Proteome Profiling (2002)

In recent years, the practice of proteomics research has experienced a dramatic shift within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry with the widespread implementation of novel applications. The areas of interest extend all the way from discovery of novel drug, vaccine, and diagnostic targets, characterization of protein-based products, toxicology, and identification of surrogate markers of activity in clinical research, to the ability to provide information on the mechanisms of drug action. The power of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as well as advances in mass spectrometric techniques combined with sequence database correlation have enabled speed and accuracy in identification of proteins in complex mixtures. This article surveys currently available software and informatic tools related to these methods for proteome profiling. The broad acceptance of these technologies, however, has not been accompanied by significant advances in the informatics and software tools necessary to support the analysis and management of the massive amounts of data generated in the process. In this context, this article also discusses the importance of relational databases for protein identification data management.
Relationship of Cigarette Smoking With Inflammation and Subclinical Vascular Disease (2015)

These findings expand our understanding of the harmful effects of smoking and help explain the cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation.
Supplementary Figures, Tables and Methods from Individualized Systems Medicine Strategy to Tailor Treatments for Patients with Chemorefractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 400K, Supplementary Figures 1-9; Supplementary Tables 4-9 and Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Involvement of Escherichia coli Mismatch Repair in DNA Replication and Recombination (1984)

The idea that there might be a process capable of recognizing and repairing incorrect base pairs in double-stranded DNA (mismatch repair) was originally proposed to account for results obtained from the study of genetic recombination. In particular, it was suggested that the repair of mismatched bases in heteroduplex regions of DNA (i.e., regions formed by strand exchange between DNA molecules with similar but not identical sequences) could be involved in gene conversion (Holliday 1964) and could account for the phenomenon of high negative interference (White and Fox 1974). That mismatch repair in E. coli might be involved in correcting replication errors was suggested by the finding that mutants deficient in mismatch repair have a mutator phenotype (Nevers and Spatz 1975; Rydberg 1978; Glickman and Radman 1980). Perhaps to a large extent because of its apparent involvement in mutation avoidance, mismatch repair has recently been widely studied. We will describe here...
Functional characterization of the postulated intramolecular sphingolipid activator protein domain of human acid sphingomyelinase (2004)

Degradation of membrane-bound sphingomyelin to phosphorylcholine and ceramide is catalyzed by the water-soluble lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase). The presence of sphingolipid activator proteins (Saps: saposins A-D; GM2 activator) is not essential to mediate this reaction at the water-lipid interface in vivo . A hypothesis based on amino acid sequence alignments suggests that the enzyme possesses an N-terminal saposin-homologous domain, which may facilitate the enzymatic reaction at the interface. We mutated one homologous and three conserved amino acid residues of this domain and studied the activity of the variant enzymes using different sphingomyelin degradation assays. A variant with an exchange of a conserved amino acid residue, Pro153Ala, still exhibited enzyme activity of approximately 52% of normal in a detergent-containing micellar assay, but only 13% of normal in a detergent-free liposomal assay system, which suggests that the Sap-homologous domain fulfills membrane-disturbing functions. Addition of saposin C to the liposomal assay mixtures increased the Pro153Ala variant sphingomyelinase activity to 46% of normal, indicating that the variant saposin-like domain can be substituted by the presence of the sphingolipid activator protein. On the other hand, the addition of saposin C did not result in complete restoration of the variant activity. Thus, the Sap-like domain may also have another role, e.g., to stabilize the fold of acid sphingomyelinase, which cannot be compensated by the presence of saposin C or a detergent. Such an essential second function of the saposin-like domain as an integral part of acid sphingomyelinase is confirmed by our observation that the Lys118Glu, Cys120Ser and Cys131Ser variants were almost completely devoid of activity in the detergent-containing micellar assay system as well as in the liposomal assay system in the presence of saposin C.
Radioactive Nuclei Induced Soft Errors at Ground Level (2009)

International audience
On the possibility to improve mixed uranium-plutonium fuel in fast reactors (2020)

Accumulation of plutonium extracted from the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of light water reactors is one of the central problems in nuclear power. To reduce out-of-the-reactor Pu inventory, leading nuclear power countries (France, Japan) use plutonium in light water power reactors in the form of MOX fuel, with half of Pu fissioning in this fuel. The rest of Pu cannot be reused easily and efficiently in light water reactors because of the high content of even isotopes. Plutonium for which there are no potential consumers is accumulated. Unlike thermal reactors, fast reactors take plutonium of any isotopic composition. That makes it possible to improve plutonium isotopic composition and to reduce the fraction of even isotopes to the level that allows reuse of such plutonium in thermal reactors. The idea of changing the isotopic composition of Pu in fast reactors is well-known. The originality of the research lies in applying this idea to combine the fuel cycles of fast and thermal reactors. Pu isotopic composition can be improved by combining certain operational activities in order to supply fuel to thermal and fast reactors. Scientific and technological justification of the possibility will let Russian BN technologies and French MOX fuel technologies work in synergy with thermal reactors.
Synthesis of stable and low-CO 2 selective ε-iron carbide Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (2018)

The Fe-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction constitutes the core of the coal-to-liquids (CTL) process, which converts coal into liquid fuels. Conventional Fe-based catalysts typically convert 30% of the CO feed to CO<sub>2</sub> in the FT unit. Decreasing the CO<sub>2</sub> release in the FT step will reduce costs and enhance productivity of the overall process. In this context, we synthesize phase-pure ε(')-Fe<sub>2</sub>C catalysts exhibiting low CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity by carefully controlling the pretreatment and carburization conditions. Kinetic data reveal that liquid fuels can be obtained free from primary CO<sub>2</sub>. These catalysts displayed stable FT performance at 23 bar and 235°C for at least 150 hours. Notably, in situ characterization emphasizes the high durability of pure ε(')-Fe<sub>2</sub>C in an industrial pilot test. These findings contribute to the development of new Fe-based FT catalysts for next-generation CTL processes.