gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the human mitochondrial aconitase gene (ACO2) (1998)

We have cloned and characterized the ACO2 gene on human chromosome 22q13, which encodes the essential iron-dependent metabolic enzyme mitochondrial aconitase. We determined that the ACO2 gene comprises 18 translated exons distributed over approximately 35 kilobasepairs (kbp) of DNA. We have shown that the ACO2 mRNA is 2.7kb in length and is expressed ubiquitously, and we can detect multiple isoforms of the ACO2 protein. As others had reported the existence of biochemically active electrophoretic variants of mitochondrial aconitase, we wished to find common ACO2 gene allozymes, functional polymorphisms that might be associated with susceptibility to human genetic diseases. We looked for ACO2 allozymes by DNA sequencing and genotyping in a population of 217 subjects, many of which had idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). We studied patients with IPD because this movement disorder is thought to arise from defects in neuronal iron and energy metabolism, two properties with which aconitase is involved. Furthermore, reports of associations between alleles of the CYP2D6 locus (nearby on 22q13) and IPD, although inconsistent, indicated that an IPD susceptibility locus might be in strong linkage disequilibrium with CYP2D6. We found three functionally silent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in transcribed sequences that exist in similar frequencies in IPD patients and healthy controls. These ACO2 SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with each other, providing evidence for distinct ACO2 haplotypes. We have, as yet, not detected polymorphisms that would lead to ACO2 allozymes, nor have we observed differences in ACO2 isoform prevalence or distribution in our population of IPD patients and controls. We conclude it is unlikely that polymorphism in the ACO2 gene or post-translational modification of the enzyme predispose to IPD.
Luminescence characteristics of K2Ca2(SO4)3:Eu,Tb micro- and nanocrystalline phosphor (2004)

K2Ca2(SO4)3 microcrystalline pure, doped with Eu, Tb and co-doped with Eu, Tb was prepared by solid-state diffusion method. Nanoparticles of these phosphors were also prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method. The formation of the compounds was confirmed by XRD. The particle size was calculated by broadening of the XRD peaks using Scherrer's formula. The particle size of nanocrystalline powder material was approximately found to be around 20 nm. Thermoluminescence and photoluminescence were studied to see the effect of co-doping and particle size. Tb3+ co-doping decreases the intensity in the Eu2+ doped phosphor due to the energy transfer and multiple de-excitations through various radiative and non-radiative processes. The sensitivity of K2Ca2(SO4)3:Eu,Tb microcrystalline phosphor was around 15 times more than LiF-TLD 100 and 7 times more than CaSO4:Dy. A high temperature peak (615 K) was observed in case of the nanoparticles, which was attributed to a particle size induced phase transition. This was confirmed by differential scanning calormetry measurements. The decrease in the sensitivity in case of nanoparticles is attributed to the particle size effect i.e. volume to surface ratio. Theoretical analysis of the glow curves was done by glow curve convolution deconvolution method to calculate trapping parameters of various peaks.
High Power and Contamination Properties of All-Silica High Reflectivity Multilayers (2021)

Optical multilayers created from a single material have been demonstrated to have lower stress and lower thermal expansion mismatch than standard two-material coatings; however, questions of high power operation and vulnerability to environmental contamination remain. This study examines the particle-induced laser damage properties of all-silica high reflectivity multilayers, specifically those for high average power illumination. All-silica infrared reflectors were deposited by oblique angle deposition (OAD). All-silica mirrors showed low overall stress and had smaller stress changes with temperature. Their laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) under high-power continuous wave (CW) laser illumination with carbon particulate contamination are significantly higher than corresponding high reflectivity multilayers composed of two materials.
Structure and faulting above a thick Messinian salt layer in the Levant basin (offshore Israel) (2017)

espanolSe analiza la estructura e historia de deformacion en la sucesion suprasalina en un sector de la Cuenca de Levante (Israel) en el Mediterraneo Oriental. A traves de la interpretacion de un cubo sismico migrado en profundidad se han establecido las principales discontinuidades sismicas en la sucesion pliocuaternaria, asi como las reflexiones de techo y base de una potente lamina de sal de edad Messiniense (~1 km de espesor). Con una seismo-estratigrafia detallada se han analizado la distribucion de las fallas normales supra-sal, asi como los pulsos de fallamiento sin-sedimentario. A la par que un flujo ductil hacia el NO de la sal, la cobertera se deforma y hunde mediante fallas sin-sedimentarias SO-NE. En esta deformacion se han reconstruido tres pulsos principales de fallamiento (≤3,7; ~3,7-2,6 y ≤0,9 Ma). EnglishThe structure and deformation history of the supra-salt succession in a sector of the Levant Basin (offshore Israel) in the Eastern Mediterranean have been analysed. Through the interpretation of seismic cube migrated in depth, the main seismic discontinuities have been established in the Plio-Quaternary sequence, as well as the top and base of a thick salt layer of Messinian age (~1 km of thickness). A detailed seismic-stratigraphy has let to analyse the distribution of the supra-salt normal faults, as well as the pulses of syn-sedimentary faulting. At the same time as a ductile flow of the salt towards the NW, the cover was deformed and sank by means of SW-NE trending syn-sedimentary faults. During this deformation three main faulting pulses have been reconstructed (≤3.7, ~3.7-2.6, and ≤0.9 Ma).
The detection and treatment of post insemination progesterone insufficiency in dairy cows (2001)

Abstract An analysis on the outcome of 124 inseminations monitored using daily milk progesterone concentration data revealed that those cows in which pregnancy did not occur experienced a 1.7day delay in post-ovulatory luteal progesterone rise when compared to the pregnant group (P&lt;0.001). This suggests that luteal progesterone secretion needs to be initiated prior to day 5 post-ovulation. A comparison between the milk progesterone concentration on day 5 post-ovulation and the pregnancy rate for 1451 inseminations showed the maximum pregnancy rate to occur when the milk progesterone concentration was between 3-9ng/ml. Pregnancy rate fell significantly (P&lt;0.01) when progesterone concentrations were below 3ng/ml, identifying cows that may benefit from progesterone supplementation. The supplementation of progesterone in cows with a day 5 milk progesterone concentration of less than 3ng/ml, using an intra-vaginal progesterone releasing device, only provided benefit for those cows with a day 5 progesterone concentration of between 1-2ng/ml, resulting in a doubling of the pregnancy rate. This data shows that a delay in post-ovulatory progesterone secretion has a detrimental effect on pregnancy but that not all cows with a deficient progesterone concentration benefit from progesterone supplementation.
New high performance magneto-optic media: Tb/Bi/FeCo and Tb/Pb/FeCo superlattices (invited) (1997)

Tb/Bi/FeCo and Tb/Pb/FeCo superlattices are demonstrated to offer Kerr rotation and figure of merit (reflectivity times Kerr rotation) substantially exceeding that offered by conventional TbFeCo recording materials, particularly at blue wavelengths. Superlattices such as 4.4 Å Tb/2.0 Å Bi/5.0 Å Fe0.6Co0.4 exhibit squarenesses suitable for magneto-optical recording and figure of merits of 0.20, 0.18, and 0.14 at wavelengths of 780, 650, and 430 nm, respectively. Dynamic testing with 780 and 490 nm light demonstrates that the high figures of merit translate to carriers several dB above those produced by TbFeCo alloys. Furthermore, very high carrier-to-noise ratios such as 54 dB at a mark length of 0.75 μm (4 MHz) and 60 dB at long mark lengths (1 MHz) are obtained using 490 nm light and a bandwidth of 30 kHz.
Supplementary Table from CIC-Mediated Modulation of MAPK Signaling Opposes Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response in Kinase-Addicted Sarcoma (2023)

Supplementary Table from CIC-Mediated Modulation of MAPK Signaling Opposes Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response in Kinase-Addicted Sarcoma
Electrochemical generation of oxygen. 1: The effects of anions and cations on hydrogen chemisorption and anodic oxide film formation on platinum electrode. 2: The effects of anions and cations on oxygen generation on platinum electrode (1975)

The effects were studied of anions and cations on hydrogen chemisorption and anodic oxide film formation on Pt by linear sweep voltammetry, and on oxygen generation on Pt by potentiostatic overpotential measurement. The hydrogen chemisorption and anodic oxide film formation regions are greatly influenced by anion adsorption. In acids, the strongly bound hydrogen occurs at more cathodic potential when chloride and sulfate are present. Sulfate affects the initial phase of oxide film formation by produced fine structure while chloride retards the oxide-film formation. In alkaline solutions, both strongly and weakly bound hydrogen are influenced by iodide, cyanide, and barium and calcium cations. These ions also influence the oxide film formation. Factors considered to explain these effects are discussed. The Tafel slope for oxygen generation was found to be independent on the oxide thickness and the presence of cations or anions. The catalytic activity indicated by the exchange current density was observed decreasing with increasing oxide layer thickness, only a minor dependence on the addition of certain cations and anions was found.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Decarboxybetalaines by Photochemical Ring Opening of 3‐(4‐Pyridyl)alanine. (1985)

Abstract Das Racemat der Aminosäure (I) wird zunächst durch Photolyse in das gelbbraune Zwitterion (II) übergeführt, das bei ‐20°C etwa zwei Wochen haltbar ist.
Advanced environmental control technology for flue gas cleanup (1987)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) oversees a substantial research and development effort to develop advanced environmental control technology for coal-fired sources. This Flue Gas Cleanup Program is currently divided into five areas: combined SO/sub 2//NO/sub x/ control, SO/sub 2/ control, particulate control, NO/sub x/ control, and small-scale boiler emission control. Projects in these areas range from basic research studies to proof-of-concept-scale evaluations. Projects in the DOE program are conducted by universities, national laboratories, industrial organizations, and in-house research at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center. An overview of the program, together with brief descriptions of the status of individual projects are given.
Shale Gas-in-Place Calculations Part II — Multi-component Gas Adsorption Effects (2011)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that shale gas industry is incorrectly determining gas-in-place volumes in reservoirs with a large sorption capacity by not properly accounting for the volume occupied by the adsorbed phase. Scanning electron microscopy has discovered nanopores in organic-rich shale with sizes typically in 3–100 nm range; adsorption data show presence of smaller pores and micropores (&amp;lt; 2 nm) as part of the predicted pore size distributions. At pore diameters of this scale the adsorption potential is high and thus the fractional pore volume occupied by adsorbed gas is often substantial. Hence a portion of the total pore volume would be occupied by the adsorbed gas and not available for the free gas molecules. In SPE 131772 a volumetric method, which accounts for the pore volumes occupied by the adsorbed and free gases, has been proposed based on single-component Langmuir adsorption model. In SPE 141416 we recognized the importance and impact of multi-component gas adsorption potential and adsorbed gas density when calculating gas-in-place estimates. We combined the widely used yet thermodynamically inconsistent Extended Langmuir model with volumetrics and free gas composition to formulate a new gas-in-place equation that accounts for the pore space taken up by a multi-component adsorbed gas phase. This paper extends the discussions on the adsorption layer effect of multi-component natural gases. The approach is based on thermodynamically-consistent ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) model to accurately predict adsorbed gas storage capacity for gas mixtures. We expanded on our previous work, where we calculated single-component adsorbed-phase density using molecular modeling and Monte Carlo simulation methods, and propose a new equation-of-state-based analytical approach to predict the adsorbed-phase density of a mixture. In concert, the model improves accuracy of the gas-in-place equations needed to account for the pore space taken up by a multi-component adsorbed phase. The new method yields total gas-in-place predictions, which suggest that an adjustment is necessary in volume calculations, especially for gas shales with high C2+ composition and high in total organic content. The new method is therefore recommended for shale gas-in-place calculations.
Identification of a novel transthyretin Thr59Lys/Arg104His. A case of compound heterozygosity in a Chinese patient diagnosed with familial transthyretin amyloidosis (2002)

Transthyretin (TTR) is a 127-amino acid residue protein synthesized mainly in the liver and in several minor sites, including the choroid plexus and the eye. In plasma, TTR circulates as a homotetramer and transports the hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex. It is hypothesized that amino acid substitutions in TTR destabilize the tetramer by causing each subunit toform intermediates that may self-associate into amyloid fibrils. Deposition of wild type TTR, its variants and/or fragments as amyloid fibrils in tissues and organs is associated with familial transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Reported herein is the characterization of a novel TTR Thr59Lys/Arg104His in a patient of Chinese ancestry, who was diagnosed with ATTR. The two variant proteins and the double gene mutations in this compound heterozygous case were detected and identified using a multifaceted approach consisting of isoelectric focusing, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS in combination with enzymatic digestion, and direct DNA sequence analysis. Previous studies have shown that the TTR Arg104His variant is non-pathologic. It appeared to provide a protective effect in another compound heterozygous case (TTR Val30Met/Arg104His). However, the TTR Arg104His variant when presented with the TTR Thr59Lys variant did not seem to have any protective role.
Chemotherapy Delays Progression of Motor Neuron Disease in the SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mouse (2004)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A significant proliferation of glial cells occurs in the spinal cord and brainstem of SOD1 G93A transgenic mice with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since activated glia may contribute to motor neuron degeneration, we tested whether inhibition of gliosis using low-dose chemotherapy is beneficial in this mouse model. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Mice were administered fortnightly intraperitoneal injections of 0.1 mg/kg vincristine (VIN) or saline commencing at postnatal day 68 before disease onset. Mice were sacrificed at end-stage disease, and spinal cords were examined for histology. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Survival of VIN-treated mice was significantly increased at 132.0 ± 4.1 days compared to control animals at 117.8 ± 2.1 days (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of microglia and astrocyte populations suggests a reduction in the former following VIN therapy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study suggests that chemotherapy may offer an alternative therapy or co-therapy for ALS.
A Nonparametric Approach for Multiple Change Point Analysis of Multivariate Data (2013)

Change point analysis has applications in a wide variety of fields. The general problem concerns the inference of a change in distribution for a set of time-ordered observations. Sequential detection is an online version in which new data is continually arriving and is analyzed adaptively. We are concerned with the related, but distinct, offline version, in which retrospective analysis of an entire sequence is performed. For a set of multivariate observations of arbitrary dimension, we consider nonparametric estimation of both the number of change points and the positions at which they occur. We do not make any assumptions regarding the nature of the change in distribution or any distribution assumptions beyond the existence of the alpha-th absolute moment, for some alpha in (0,2). Estimation is based on hierarchical clustering and we propose both divisive and agglomerative algorithms. The divisive method is shown to provide consistent estimates of both the number and location of change points under standard regularity assumptions. We compare the proposed approach with competing methods in a simulation study. Methods from cluster analysis are applied to assess performance and to allow simple comparisons of location estimates, even when the estimated number differs. We conclude with applications in genetics, finance and spatio-temporal analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 5‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐1‐phenacylimidazoles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using the EM Algorithm for Weight Computation in the Fellegi-Sunter Model of Record Linkage (2000)

Let AxB be the product space of two sets A and B which is divided into a (pairs representing the same entity) and nonmatches (pairs representing different entities). Linkage rules are those that divide AxB into links (designated matches), possible links (pairs for which we delay a decision), and nonlinks (designated nonmatches). Under fixed bounds on the error rates, Fellegi and Sunter (1969) provided a linkage rule that is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the set of possible links. The optimality is dependent on knowledge of certain joint inclusion probabilities that are used in a crucial likelihood ratio. In applying the record linkage model, assumptions are often made that allow estimation of weights that are a function of the joint inclusion probabilities. If the assumptions are not met, then the linkage procedure using estimates computed under the assumptions may not be optimal. This paper describes a method for estimating weights using the EM Algorithm under less restrictive assumptions. The weight computation automatically incorporates a Bayesian adjustment based on file characteristics.
Optimal Policies of Advanced Sleep Modes for Energy-Efficient 5G\n networks (2019)

We study in this paper optimal control strategy for Advanced Sleep Modes\n(ASM) in 5G networks. ASM correspond to different levels of sleep modes ranging\nfrom deactivation of some components of the base station for several\nmicro-seconds to switching off of almost all of them for one second or more.\nASMs are made possible in 5G networks thanks to the definition of so-called\nlean carrier radio access which allows for configurable signaling\nperiodicities. We model such a system using Markov Decision Processes (MDP) and\nfind optimal sleep policy in terms of a trade-off between saved power\nconsumption versus additional incurred delay for user traffic which has to wait\nfor the network components to be woken-up and serve it. Eventually, for the\nsystem not to oscillate between sleep levels, we add a switching component in\nthe cost function and show its impact on the energy reduction versus delay\ntrade-off.\n
Promoting motions in enzyme catalysis probed by pressure studies of kinetic isotope effects (2007)

Use of the pressure dependence of kinetic isotope effects, coupled with a study of their temperature dependence, as a probe for promoting motions in enzymatic hydrogen-tunneling reactions is reported. Employing morphinone reductase as our model system and by using stopped-flow methods, we measured the hydride transfer rate (a tunneling reaction) as a function of hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Increasing the pressure from 1 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) to 2 kbar accelerates the hydride transfer reaction when both protium (from 50 to 161 s(-1) at 25 degrees C) and deuterium (12 to 31 s(-1) at 25 degrees C) are transferred. We found that the observed primary kinetic isotope effect increases with pressure (from 4.0 to 5.2 at 25 degrees C), an observation incompatible with the Bell correction model for hydrogen tunneling but consistent with a full tunneling model. By numerical modeling, we show that both the pressure and temperature dependencies of the reaction rates are consistent with the framework of the environmentally coupled tunneling model of Kuznetsov and Ulstrup [Kuznetsov AM, Ulstrup J (1999) Can J Chem 77:1085-1096], providing additional support for the role of a promoting motion in the hydride tunneling reaction in morphinone reductase. Our study demonstrates the utility of "barrier engineering" by using hydrostatic pressure as a probe for tunneling regimes in enzyme systems and provides added and independent support for the requirement of promoting motions in such tunneling reactions.
Diel variability of heterotrophic bacterial production and underwater UV doses in the eastern South Pacific (2009)

Diel variability of heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) was investigated in the eastern South Pacific from October to December 2004. Three sites differing by their trophic status were studied: Marquesas Islands, the center (GYR) and the eastern South Pacific Gyre. By using a Lagrangian approach and high frequency measurements, an important increase (2-to 4-fold) in BP was observed at the 3 sites during the afternoon-sunset period within surface layers. To evaluate the impact of solar UV radiation on this variability, we determined, from in situ optical measurements, the mean UV-B (at 305 nm) and UV-A (at 380 nm) doses received within the mixed layer at a daily scale. At GYR, the doses were as high as 0.3 and 11 kJ m -2 nm -1 for the whole day, respectively due to high surface irradiances and very low light attenuations in the water column. The UV-B/UV-A tri-hourly dose ratios (Q) displayed substantial variations during the daytime, with highest values recorded during the periods 9:00 to 12:00 h or 12:00 to 15:00 h. The negative linear correlation observed between Q and BP in the surface waters of GYR suggests that changes in the balance between DNA damages and photorepairs (reflected by changes in the Q-ratio) could have a significant influence on the diel variability of BP in open oceans. However, assessing the effects of UV radiation on diel variability of BP through an in situ measurement approach, independently from other causes like availability of resources, is not so evident, even in these clearest waters of the world ocean.