gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of short‐term ozone exposure on the carbon economy of mature and juvenile Douglas firs [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] (1995)

Effects of short-term ozone exposure of mature trees were compared with those of seedlings. Both 25-yr-old Douglas firs [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and 3-yr-old Douglas fir seedlings were exposed to 0, 200 and 400 μgm<sup>-1</sup> ozone for about 1.5 wk and then labelled with <sup>14</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> to study the effect on net photosynthesis, translocation and partitioning of assimilates. In the seedling experiment, two identical growth cabinets with separated shoot and root compartments were used for ozone fumigation and <sup>14</sup> C-labelling. Seedlings were harvested and <sup>H</sup> C contents in the needles (subdivided into starch, ethanol-soluble and residue fractions), branches, roots, root/soil respiration and soil residue were determined, together with the total starch content of the needles. Ozone increased the retention of <sup>14</sup> C-photosynthates in the needles. Translocation of carbon to the branches and roots seemed to be inhibited by the highest ozone treatment. The increased <sup>14</sup> C-retention was mainly recovered in the residue fraction of the needles. Total starch content of the needles decreased in the highest ozone treatment. In the experiment with mature trees, terminal shoots were fumigated with ozone and labelled with <sup>14</sup> C using three small branch chambers. Carbon distribution was studied after harvest of the branches. Total <sup>14</sup> C contents in the needle fractions and the branches were determined, together with the total starch content of the needles. Ozone was found to inhibit net <sup>14</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation as well as translocation of <sup>14</sup> C-labelled assimilates from exposed needles to the branch. No effects of ozone were found on the partitioning of <sup>14</sup> C among the starch, ethanol-soluble, and residue fractions of the needles, although amounts in the ethanol-soluble fraction tended to increase after exposure to ozone. The results indicate that mature and juvenile Douglas firs respond in a similar way to short-term ozone exposure with regard to carbon translocation. If this similarity also applies to other species, then results from phytotron experiments on ozone and translocation of carbon might gain importance with respect to extrapolation to forest ecosystems.
A twenty year journey to understand how ATP activates guanylyl cyclase A and B (2013)

Results Recent studies have determined how ATP allosterically activates GC-A and GC-B [10]. In the absence of ATP, NPs activated these enzymes > 10-fold in a positive cooperative manner. In the absence of NP, ATP shifted the substrate-velocity profiles from cooperative to linear but did not change the Km. In the presence of NPs, ATP competed with GTP for binding to an allosteric site, which enhanced the activation of GCs by decreasing the Km. Thus, NP binding was required for communication of the allosteric activation signal to the catalytic site. Concentration-response assays determined that the ability of ATP to activate GCs decreased and enzyme potency increased with increasing GTP concentrations, consistent with reciprocal regulation of the allosteric and catalytic sites. Point mutations in the purine-binding site of the catalytic domain abolished GC activity but not allosteric activation. Co-expression of inactive mutants produced half the activity expected for symmetric catalytic dimers. 2’deoxy-ATP and 2’deoxy-GTP were poor allosteric activators, but 2’-deoxy-GTP was an effective substrate, consistent with distinct binding requirements for the allosteric and catalytic sites. Conclusion
The Duct‐Occlud Device: Design, Clinical Results, and Future Directions (2001)

The successful employment of embolization coils for transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has resulted in acceptance of transcatheter occlusion as the treatment of choice for small to medium-sized PDAs. The Duct-Occlud device was developed to further improve the technique by utilizing a controlled release mechanism and coil shape specifically designed for the geometry of the ductus arteriosus. Clinical studies have demonstrated excellent efficacy with low embolization rates and low incidences of complications. Newer modifications have been designed for occlusion of larger PDAs and subaortic ventricular septal defects, and preliminary clinical results have been promising.
Truncated Hexa-Octahedral Magnetites: Biosignatures in Terrestrial Samples and Martian Meteorite ALH84001 (2001)

We suggest that the observation of truncated hexa-octahedral magnetites in ALH84001 are both consistent with, and in the absence of terrestrial inorganic analogs, likely formed by biogenic processes. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Design of InGaN-GaN-AlGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using electrical-thermal-optical simulation (2001)

A three-dimensional electrical-thermal-optical numerical simulator is developed and applied to model group-III-nitride-based intracavity-contacted vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with InGaN multiquantum-well active region. The optical model based on the effective frequency method is combined with an electrical-thermal simulator using the control volume method. Isothermal (pulsed regime imitation) and continuous-wave modes of operation are calculated over a range of voltages, covering subthreshold spontaneous emission and lasing emission. Effects of current crowding at the active region periphery are examined, and in particular, an impact on mode profiles of spatial hole burning superimposed on nonuniform gain distribution is studied. In order to reduce the current crowding and provide more uniform gain distribution within the active region, a semitransparent p-side contact design is proposed.
Digital simulation of human temperature control (1970)

Human body temperature regulation feedback control system model by electric circuit analog, discussing digital simulation for static and dynamic responses
Spatial fluctuations of optical solitons due to long-range correlated dielectric perturbations in liquid crystals (2017)

Starting from the de Gennes theory of director fluctuations in nematics, we report on a model of the spatial fluctuations in nematicon propagation. We demonstrate that, when the long-range correlation that characterizes nematic liquid crystals is taken into account in the thermal noise, it is possible to account for the spatial oscillations and propagation losses experienced by nematicons. Increasing the power of the nematicon, the oscillation amplitudes increase and the propagation losses decrease. The nematicon is then more strongly confined and deviates more, but is less scattered by the thermally induced perturbations of the refractive index. All the results are in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Blinded clinical evaluation of a new manual toothbrush. (2006)

The Curvex toothbrush is as effective as the Oral-B Indicator 40 toothbrush in removing plaque. Additionally, there was no evidence of any soft tissue abrasion from either brush.
Risk factors for primary central nervous system lymphoma (1998)

The findings of this study warrant further investigation of tonsillectomy and oral contraceptives as possible factors for PCNSL.
Monitoring GFP‐operon fusion protein expression during high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli using an on‐line optical sensor (1999)

Synthesis of an operon fusion protein was investigated in batch and fed-batch cultures at high cell densities of recombinant Escherichia coli JM105 [pBAD-GFP::CAT]. Glucose-limited growth was achieved without accumulation of inhibitory byproducts allowing high cell densities (110 g L−1 DCW) to be attained. This was believed to be the highest reported value for dry cell mass of E. coli strain JM105 expressing two recombinant proteins. Transcription of the two reporter genes, green fluorescent protein (GFP) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), was under the control of the pBAD promoter of the araBAD (arabinose) operon. Each protein was independently translated via separate ribosome binding sites. CAT served as a model recombinant protein product to illustrate the noninvasive quantitative reporting ability of GFP during high cell density fermentations. Expression of GFP was monitored on-line using an intensity-based optical sensor. A linear correlation between the on-line GFP intensity and the enzymatic activity of CAT allowed for in vivo real-time quantitative monitoring of a fermentation product under conditions of high biomass concentration and high productivity. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 54–64, 1999.
Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Lattice Constants in a Rondom Mixture of Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric; Rb1-x(NH4)xH2PO4 (1986)

The measurements of thermal expansion in a random mixture of ferroelectric RbH 2 PO 4 (RDP) and antiferroelectric NH 4 H 2 PO 4 (ADP), (RDP) 1- x (ADP) x , were made by X-ray diffraction. Anomalous expansion of lattice constants was observed in glassy (RDP) 1- x (ADP) x (0.22< x <0.75) at low temperatures, while the crystal symmetry was still tetragonal. Temperature dependence of the anomalous expansion can be related to the idea of cluster condensation. The NH 4 -concentration dependence of the anomalous expansion implies that the glass is the mixture of two kinds of local strains at low temperatures.
The Background Oriented Schlieren method (BOS) for the measurement of density gradients (2005)

Some examples of Measurements with the BOS technique are shown. Results of investigations regarding the accuracy, sensitivity and resolution of the BOS-System are illustrated. The development of the BOS technique towards a quantitative measurement method is briefly described and some Results of thomographic BOS-measurements at an underexpanded, free jet of air are shown.
Underwater near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of muscle oxygenation: laboratory validation and preliminary observations in swimmers and triathletes (2014)

The purpose of this research was to waterproof a near-infrared spectroscopy device (PortaMon, Artinis Medical Systems) to enable NIR measurement during swim exercise. Candidate materials were initially tested for waterproof suitability by comparing light intensity values during phantom-based tissue assessment. Secondary assessment involved repeated isokinetic exercises ensuring reliability of the results obtained from the modified device. Tertiary assessment required analysis of the effect of water immersion and temperature upon device function. Initial testing revealed that merely covering the PortaMon light sources with waterproof materials considerably affected the NIR light intensities. Modifying a commercially available silicone covering through the addition of a polyvinyl chloride material (impermeable to NIR light transmission) produces an acceptable compromise. Bland–Altman analysis indicated that exercise-induced changes in tissue saturation index (TSI %) were within acceptable limits during laboratory exercise. Although water immersion had a small but significant effect upon NIR light intensity, this resulted in a negligible change in the measured TSI (%). We then tested the waterproof device in vivo illustrating oxygenation changes during a 100 m freestyle swim case study. Finally, a full study compared club level swimmers and triathletes. Significant changes in oxygenation profiles when comparing upper and lower extremities for the two groups were revealed, reflecting differences in swim biomechanics.
Lateral monolayer MoS 2 homojunction devices prepared by nitrogen plasma doping (2020)

Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> possesses good electron mobility, structural flexibility and a direct band gap, enabling it to be a promising candidate for flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices. In this article, the lateral monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> homojunctions were prepared by a nitrogen plasma selective doping technique. The monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> thin films were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and characterized by photoluminescence, atom force microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The electronic and photoelectric properties of the lateral pn and npn homojunctions were discussed. The results showed that the rectifying ratio of the pn homojunction diode is ∼10<sup>3</sup>. As a photodetector of pn homojunction, the optical responsivity is up to 48.5 A W<sup>-1</sup>, the external quantum efficiency is 11 301%, the detectivity is ∼10<sup>9</sup> Jones and the response time is 20 ms with the laser of 532 nm and the reverse bias voltage of 10 V. As a bipolar junction transistor of npn homojunction, the amplification coefficient reached ∼10<sup>2</sup>. A controllable plasma doping technique, compatible with traditional CMOS process, is utilized to realize the monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> based pn and npn homojunctions, and it propels the potential applications of 2D materials in the electronic, optoelectronic devices and circuits.
Avance de las telecomunicaciones. A pesar de la crisis en México durante el 2001. (2002)

El tono que podria caracterizar a las telecomunicaciones en Mexico durante el 2001 es el de un progreso notable, aun en tiempos de crisis economica. Si la economia mexicana tuvo un crecimiento nulo durante el primer ano del gobierno foxista, este sector se mostro una vez mas como el de mayor impulso a pesar de las cifras rojas.
7-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine and 3-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine replacing dA within d(A6-tracts: differential bending at 3′- and 5′-junctions of d(A6d(T6) and B-DNA (1992)

The publishers wish to apologize for the inadvertant omission of the formulae for oligonucleotides 10–35 reported in this article. The article with complete formulae is reprinted on the following pages.
Piezoelectric Properties and Acoustic Wave Detection of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Thin Films for Microelectromechanical Systems Sensor (1999)

Ferroelectric Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrates by the sol-gel technique. It was found that above 550°C the film transforms completely to the perovskite and forms a typical ferroelectric polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loop. The effective d 33 of piezoelectric PZT films was measured using a Michelson interferometer. The piezoelectric hysteresis loop was measured according to dc bias voltage and the maximum piezoelectric coefficient for the 0.48-µm-thick poled film was about 130 pm/V at -3 V. Acoustic emission (AE) wave propagation through PZT films connected to a charge amplifier was observed. These properties suggested that PZT film is a very promising material for integrated AE sensor applications, with promise for improved reliability.
Generation of Pseudo-CT using Two Sets of MRI Scans for MRI-only Radiation Therapy (2019)

WWith increasing interests in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-only radiation therapy (RT) and the emergence of MRI system integrated with the linear accelerator, a method substituting the computed tomography (CT) in radiation therapy is required. The method to substitute the CT is by generating a pseudo-CT (pCT). A CT is necessary to provide the electron density information and to calculate the simulated dose distribution in treatment plans. In this thesis, a voxel-based method is developed to generate the pCT image using two sets of MRI data. The method is trained with the CT data and two different sets of MRI data of multiple patients, where the anatomical structures in the images are segmented into several regions. A regression analysis is used to determine the two-variable polynomial function for each region to relate a voxel's two MRI intensity values to its CT number. This method is validated by applying a leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV) and the accuracy of the pCT is evaluated by determining the mean absolute error (MAE) comparing the pseudo-CT to the reference-CT. The average MAE across all patients is 40.3 Â± 3.0 Hounsfield Unit (HU). Our proposed method shows promising results in using a multi-variable polynomial prediction model to predict CT numbers from MRI images. The generated pCT images closely match the reference-CT image and the MAE results are comparable to other studies using more complicated methods.
A simulation model of pedestrian flow based on geographical cellular automata (2011)

In this paper, a simulation model of pedestrian flow based on geographical cellular automata, GCAP Model, is established. The GCAP Model takes the walking suitability of the roads into consideration, and uses six dynamic parameters to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians in their movements. The simulation results show that the model is quite sensitive to different road conditions and can produce emergent self-organization phenomena in pedestrian crowds.
Evidence for a Role of Protein Kinase C in the Stimulation of Lipolysis by Growth Hormone and Isoproterenol* (1990)

The mechanism that underlies activation of lipolysis by GH is not yet understood. Although cAMP is thought to be involved, the biochemical linkages between GH and cAMP are unknown, and lipolysis produced by GH differs from that produced by such typical activators of adenylate cyclase as the catecholamines with regard to time course, maximum response, and dependence on other factors such as glucocorticoids or theophylline. The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the possibility that activation of protein kinase C by GH may play an important role in the production of the delayed increase in lipolysis. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a known activator of protein kinase C, increased lipolysis in segments of adipose tissue of hypophysectomized rats, and, as with GH, this effect was potentiated by theophylline. The lipolytic effects of PMA were concentration-dependent, required a shorter lag period than those of human GH, increased as the concentration of PMA was raised from 0.1 to 10 microM, and were additive at all concentrations with lipolysis produced by saturating concentrations of GH. The lipolytic actions of GH, but not PMA, were potentiated by dexamethasone in adipose tissue of normal rats. Sphingosine and staurosporine, which are known to inhibit protein kinase C, blocked the lipolytic effects of PMA and severely reduced lipolysis in response to GH in tissues of both normal and hypophysectomized rats. Although higher concentrations of sphingosine interfered with the specific binding of 125I-labeled human GH to isolated adipocytes, the inhibitory effects of sphingosine cannot be attributed to interference with GH binding, since it decreased lipolysis by at least 50% when used at concentrations that were too low to reduce binding significantly. Staurosporine produced little (approximately 20%) or no decrease in binding. At concentrations that severely reduced lipolysis in response to GH and dexamethasone, sphingosine had little or no effect on lipolysis in response to dibutyryl cAMP or forskolin. Staurosporine and sphingosine, however, severely inhibited lipolysis in response to isoproterenol. We conclude that protein kinase C activity plays an important role in hormone-stimulated lipolysis probably by an action exerted on the transduction pathway proximal to cAMP. The present data are equally consistent with the possibilities that GH and/or isoproterenol activate protein kinase C, or that protein kinase C is constitutively active to some extent. It is likely that protein kinase C activity is permissive for, rather than a mediator of, the lipolytic actions of GH and isoproterenol.
Full-Scale Wrinkling Tests and Analyses of Large Diameter Corroded Pipes (1998)

The aging of pipeline infrastructures has increased concern for the integrity of pipelines exhibiting non-perforating wall loss and settlement induced bending. While pressure based guidelines exist which allow pipeline operators to define operational margins of safety against rupture (e.g.; ANSI/ASME B31-G and RSTRENG (Battelle, 1989)), reliable procedures for the prediction of wrinkling in degraded pipes subjected to combined loading are virtually non-existent. This paper describes full-scale testing and finite element investigations performed in support of the development of accurate wrinkling prediction procedures for the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. The procedures are applicable to corroded pipes subjected to combined loading such as longitudinal bending, internal pressure, and axial compression. During the test program, full-scale 48-inch diameter sections of the trans-Alaska pipeline were subjected to internal pressure and loads designed to simulate longitudinal bending from settlement, axial compression from the transport of hot oil, and the axial restraint present in buried pipe. Load magnitudes were designed based on normal and maximum operating conditions. Corrosion in the pipe section is simulated by mechanically reducing the wall thickness of the pipe. The size and depth of the thinned region is defined prior to each test, and attempts to bound the dimensions of depth, axial length, and hoop length for the general corrosion observed in-service. The analytical program utilizes finite element analyses that include the nonlinear anisotropic material behavior of the pipe steel through use of a multilinear kinematic hardening plasticity model. As in the tests, corrosion is simulated in the analyses by a section of reduced wall thickness, and loads and boundary constraints applied to the numerical model exactly emulate those applied in the full-scale tests. Verification of the model accuracy is established through a critical comparison of the simulated pipe structural behavior and the full-scale tests. Results of the comparisons show good correlation with measurements of the pipe curvature, deflections, and moment capacity at wrinkling. The validated analysis procedure is subsequently used to conduct parameter studies, the results of which complete a database of wrinkling conditions for a variety of corrosion sizes and loading conditions.
Advice for Safe Handling of Malformed Messages (2014)

Although Internet message formats have been precisely defined since
the 1970s, authoring and handling software often shows only mild
conformance to the specifications. The malformed messages that result
are non-standard. Nonetheless, decades of experience have shown that
using some tolerance in the handling of the malformations that result
is often an acceptable approach and is better than rejecting the
messages outright as nonconformant. This document includes a
collection of the best advice available regarding a variety of common
malformed mail situations; it is to be used as implementation
guidance.
Spectral estimation techniques for the spectral calibration of a color image scanner (1976)

Several methods of spectral sensitivity estimation for color image scanners are developed and evaluated. The estimation procedure involves response measurements of the scanner through a set of spectrally selective filters. These measurements form the observations for generalized inverse, smoothing, and Wiener estimation processes. Wiener estimation is found to provide the best results.
Efficacy and Safety of Leuprolide Acetate 3-Month Depot 11.25 Milligrams or 30 Milligrams for the Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty (2012)

Treatment with leuprolide acetate 3-month depot formulations (11.25 and 30 mg) effectively suppressed the GnRH axis, was well tolerated, and may positively impact patient convenience and compliance.