gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and probable mechanism of action of sulphimidazole (2000)

Sulphimidazole (1-methyl-2((4-aminophenyl)-sulphonyl)-amino-5-nitroimidazole) is a new compound in which a p-aminobenzenesulphonamide radical has been attached at position 2 of the 5-nitroimidazole ring. It possesses a useful spectrum of activity in vitro against various anaerobic microorganisms and its action against aerobic and facultative bacteria is synergically enhanced in association with trimethoprim. In the present study, we determined the cytotoxicity in vitro of sulphimidazole and trimethoprim, both alone and in combination, and analysed the viability of Vero cells and the protein content of their cell lysate in the presence of increasing concentrations of these drugs. Also, in order to verify the hypothesis that the action of sulphimidazole against aerobic and facultative bacteria is mediated by the sulphonamide component of the molecule, while that against anaerobic bacteria depends on the action of the nitro group of the 5-nitroimidazole ring, we studied the mechanism of action of the new compound both indirectly, by means of microbiological techniques, and directly, by determining its oxidoreduction potential with respect to that of metronidazole. The results show that sulphimidazole is only slightly toxic in vitro for Vero cells, either alone or in association with trimethoprim, and that the combination of the two functional groups in a single molecule not only maintains its structure-activity relationship intact but also broadens its antibacterial spectrum.
2D Versus 3D Geometric Modelling for Massive Access Networks in 5G-IoT Applications (2018)

With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) more devices are connecting to the network. As such, a robust network is required to properly deal with this huge traffic. The Fifth Generation (5G) technology is anticipated to have capability of handling huge data generated by massive number of devices. In the literature, most of the geometric network models that have been proposed are in two dimensions (2D). This paper focuses on modelling networks that considers massive number of devices (IoT-devices) in three dimensions (3D) using the tools of stochastic modelling. The location of the devices and Base Stations (BS) in terms of third dimension is considered using the distribution of heights of buildings put forth by ITU - R. Additionally, 3D coverage probability of the dense network for Melbourne Central Business District (CBD) is analysed and compared with 2D simulations. Our results show that it is important to model IoT-based networks taking into account heights of nodes, as there is a significant shift in contact distances in 3D as compared to 2D. This sequentially proves to have a considerable effect on the cellular characteristics such as coverage probability.
Efficient Total Synthesis of (S)‐14‐Azacamptothecin (2010)

An efficient total synthesis of (S)-14-azacamptothecin has been accomplished in 10 steps and 56% overall yield from 5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine 8. A mild Hendrickson reagent-triggered intramolecular cascade cyclization, a highly enantioselective dihydroxylation, and an efficient palladium-catalyzed transformation of an O-allyl into N-allyl group are the key steps in the synthesis. This work provides a much higher overall yield than the previous achievement and shows sound flexibility for the further applications that will lead to new bioactive analogues.
Maximum efficiency per torque direct flux vector control of induction motor drives (2014)

In this paper, a loss-minimizing strategy is proposed for induction motor drives to ensure maximum efficiency operation for a given torque demand. The proposed strategy directly regulates the machine stator flux according to the desired torque, using an optimal stator flux reference. Therefore, the proposed strategy is suitable for motor control schemes that are based on direct flux regulation, such as direct torque control or direct flux vector control. The maximum efficiency per torque (MEPT) stator flux map is computed offline using the traditional no-load and short-circuit tests' data. An iron loss model based on the stator flux and frequency is also proposed for the calibration of the machine loss model and also for on-line monitoring of the iron losses during motor operation. The proposed MEPT strategy has been validated on a 2.2 kW induction machine and the motor efficiency has been measured for different speed values and variable load conditions. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Necrobiosis Lipodica Is a Clinical Feature of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (2002)

Necrobiosis lipodica (NL) is a recognized feature of diabetes affecting 0.3–1.2% of patients (1,2). It presents with elevated, erythematous lesions (usually on the shins), which typically become atrophic in the center over time. It is most commonly seen in patients with type 1 diabetes, but 7–30% of diabetic patients with NL have type 2 diabetes (1–3). This gives a prevalence of NL of 6.5% in patients with type 1 diabetes and 0.4% in patients with type 2 diabetes. Numerous underlying mechanisms have been proposed, including vascular dysfunction, autoimmunity, and genetic factors (4).

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a subtype of non-insulin-dependent diabetes characterized by a young age of onset (usually before 25 years), autosomal dominant inheritance, …
Single-agent Capecitabine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory to 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Chemotherapy (2004)

The response rate to capecitabine was low in metastatic colorectal cancers that were refractory to 5-FU/LV-containing chemotherapy. However, disease stabilization was seen in a significant number of patients.
Evaluation of the Bone-Regenerating Effects of Two Anorganic Bovine Bone Grafts in a Critical-Sized Alveolar Ridge Defect Model (2017)

A preclinical trial was conducted to treat 54 mandibular critical-sized alveolar ridge defects in 27 canines. Each hemimandible was randomized to be treated with two different anorganic bovine bone grafts (group A = InterOss [SigmaGraft]; group B = Bio-Oss [Geistlich]) or negative control (group C = empty defect) followed by a 4-, 8-, or 12-week observation period. Microcomputed tomography, histology, histopathology, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these treatments. By all the parameters assessed in this study, the biocompatibility and healing of group A treated defects were indistinguishable from those in group B. Radiographic comparison of graft resorption and bony integration demonstrated similar mean scores for both treatment groups. Likewise, no statistical differences were observed between the two groups with respect to percent mineralized volume and density. When compared to the critical-sized empty controls, both treatment groups showed statistically greater amounts of bone present in the defect sites and appeared to help preserve the mesial and distal alveolar walls of the defect. Histomorphometry also supported the similarity in performance of both tested groups as no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to percent bone, percent residual implant, and percent bone marrow values. While not statistically different, on average group A had more than twice the mean amount of bone present at 8 and 12 weeks compared to group B. Overall, group A had a good biocompatibility response, similar to group B. Clinical studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
Deviations from plastic barriers inBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δthin films (2005)

Resistive transitions of an epitaxial ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ thin film were measured in various magnetic fields $(\mathbf{H}\ensuremath{\Vert}\mathbf{c})$, ranging from 0 to 22.0 T. Rounded curvatures of low resistivity tails are observed in Arrhenius plot and considered to relate to deviations from plastic barriers. In order to characterize these deviations, an empirical barrier form is developed, which is found to be in good agreement with experimental data and coincide with the plastic barrier form in a limited magnetic field range. Using the plastic barrier predictions and the empirical barrier form, we successfully explain the observed deviations.
Investigation of tribological properties of carbide coatings deposited by electrospark at piezoelectric tribocontact (2015)

Investigations presented in this paper were carried out using an originally designed rotary piezoelectric motor of a standing wave tribotester. Test conditions, such as the normal force value in the friction pair, the rotor stop torque value, and the test duration can be programmed and changed in a desirable mode. The rotation speed, covered distance and loading torque of a piezo actuator were measured. Two different coatings (WC-Co8 and TiC15-Co6) were tested as the rotor friction surface and the wear of friction pairs (rotor, counter body) was evaluated after the tests. Investigations reveal an incidental advantage of output parameters of the piezo actuator with the TiC15-Co6 coating on the friction pair. Besides, high hardness of carbide surfaces requires paying more attention to the wear resistance of the frictional material of the counter body.
The neuroprotective K-opioid CI-977 alters glutamate-induced calcium signaling in vitro (1994)

The effect of the neuroprotective kappa opioid agonist CI-977 on glutamate (GLU)-stimulated calcium signaling was studied in individual primary rat cortical neurons. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy and the fluorescent calcium probe fluo-3, both the sustained and biphasic intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i changes induced by GLU (20-40 microM) were altered by CI-977 (25-100 nM), thereby shifting the neuronal population response from unbuffered to buffered patterns of [Ca2+]i flux. This effect was consistent with the previously demonstrated neuroprotective action of CI-977 against glutamate toxicity in vitro. The effect of CI-977 in altering GLU-induced [Ca2+]i signaling was attenuated by naloxone, consistent with a neuroprotective action of CI-977 at opioid receptors, presumably of the kappa subtype.
MRI of focal cortical dysplasia (2021)

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are histopathologically categorized in ILAE type I to III. Mild malformations of cortical development (mMCD) including those with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) are to be integrated into this classification yet. Only FCD type II have distinctive MRI and molecular genetics alterations so far. Subtle FCD including FCD type II located in the depth of a sulcus are often overlooked requiring the use of dedicated sequences (MP2RAGE, FLAWS, EDGE) and/or voxel (VBM)- or surface-based (SBM) postprocessing. The added value of 7 Tesla MRI has to be proven yet.
Organoruthenium‐Containing Heteropoly‐23‐Tungstate Family [{Ru(L)}2(α‐XW11O39)2WO2]m– (L = benzene, p‐cymene; X = GeIV, SiIV, m = 10; BIII, m = 12) (2013)

Abstract A family of {Ru(arene)} 2+ ‐containing heteropolytungstates of general formula [{Ru(L)} 2 (α‐XW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ] m – (L = benzene, p ‐cymene; X = Ge IV , Si IV , m = 10; X = B III , m = 12) has been prepared in aqueous acidic medium (pH ≈ 4). The 1:1 interaction of [Ru(C 6 H 6 )Cl 2 ] 2 or [Ru( p ‐cymene)Cl 2 ] 2 with [β 2 ‐GeW 11 O 39 ] 8– led to the formation of [{Ru(benzene)} 2 (GeW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ] 10– ( 1 ) and [{Ru( p ‐cymene)} 2 (GeW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ] 10– ( 2 ), respectively. Replacing [β 2 ‐GeW 11 O 39 ] 8– by [α‐SiW 11 O 39 ] 8– resulted in [{Ru(benzene)} 2 (SiW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ] 10– ( 3 ) and [{Ru( p ‐cymene)} 2 (SiW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ][SiW 12 O 40 ] 0.5 12– ( 4 ), respectively. The reaction of [α‐HBW 11 O 39 ] 8– with the respective {Ru(arene)} 2+ ‐containing precursors resulted in polyanions [{Ru(benzene)} 2 (HBW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ] 10– ( 5 ) and [{Ru( p ‐cymene)} 2 (HBW 11 O 39 ) 2 WO 2 ] 10– ( 6 ), respectively. Single‐crystal XRD analysis of the hydrated salts of 1 – 6 revealed that these species comprise two Keggin fragments, [{Ru(L)}α‐XW 11 O 39 ] 6– (L = benzene, p ‐cymene; X = Ge IV , Si IV ) for polyanions 1 – 4 and [{Ru(L)}α‐HBW 11 O 39 ] 6– (L = benzene, p ‐cymene) for 5 and 6 , connected via a cis ‐dioxo {WO 2 } 2+ unit. In addition, the heteropolytungstates were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and solution electrochemical studies.
Viral Load Decay in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients Receiving Once-Daily Tenofovir and Emtricitabine plus Twice-Daily Nevirapine (2009)

In this study of treatment-naïve patients, the combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine plus twice-daily nevirapine produced sustained viral load decay in patients including those with a high baseline viral load.
Negative regulators of integrin activity (2012)

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors composed of α- and β-subunits. They are ubiquitously expressed and have key roles in a number of important biological processes, such as development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis and immunological responses. The activity of integrins, which indicates their affinity towards their ligands, is tightly regulated such that signals inside the cell cruicially regulate the switching between active and inactive states. An impaired ability to activate integrins is associated with many human diseases, including bleeding disorders and immune deficiencies, whereas inappropriate integrin activation has been linked to inflammatory disorders and cancer. In recent years, the molecular details of integrin 'inside-out' activation have been actively investigated. Binding of cytoplasmic proteins, such as talins and kindlins, to the cytoplasmic tail of β-integrins is widely accepted as being the crucial step in integrin activation. By contrast, much less is known with regard to the counteracting mechanism involved in switching integrins into an inactive conformation. In this Commentary, we aim to discuss the known mechanisms of integrin inactivation and the molecules involved.
Integer Programming Applied To The Map Label Placement Problem (1986)

This paper describes a point label placement program that uses a mathematical optimization algorithm to determine the best position for each label. The program detects all label overplots, moves labels to new positions to resolve overplot problems, and deletes labels when absolutely necessary. All tasks are performed without human intervention. The program is designed for use in production mapping application in the oil industry where thousands of labels must be placed, and hundreds of label conflicts resolved on a single map in everyday operations. This function is performed accurately and efficiently by this program, independent of the number of labels involved. Based on success in this application, it is reasonable to consider the use of optimization techniques to help solve other problems in automated cartography, including label placement for linear features and the selection of features to be displayed on a map.
Sustainable Galactarate‐Based Polymers: Multi‐Enzymatic Production of Pectin‐Derived Polyesters (2019)

Large amounts of agricultural wastes are rich in pectins that, in many cases, disrupt the processing of food residues due to gelation. Despite pectins being a promising sustainable feedstock for bio-based chemical production, the current pathways to produce platform molecules from this polysaccharide are hazardous and entail the use of strong acids. The present work describes a sequence of biocatalyzed reactions that involves 1) the extraction of pectin from sugar beet pulp and enzymatic recovery of galacturonic acid (GalA), followed by 2) the enzymatic oxidation of the GalA aldehyde and the recovery of galactaric acid (GA), and 3) the biocatalyzed polycondensation of GA to obtain fully bio-based polyesters carrying lateral hydroxy functionalities. The acid-free pectin extraction is optimized using enzymes and microwave technology. The conditions for enzymatic oxidation of GalA allow the separation of the GA produced by a simple centrifugation step that leads to the enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation reactions.
An Extensible Architecture for Detecting Violations of a Cloud Environment's Constraints during Legacy Software System Migration (2011)

By utilizing cloud infrastructures or platforms as services, SaaS providers can counter fluctuating loads through smoothly scaling up and down and therefore improve resource- and cost-efficiency, or transfer responsibility for the maintenance of complete underlying software stacks to a cloud provider, for instance. Our model-based approach CloudMIG aims at supporting SaaS providers to semi-automatically migrate legacy software systems to the cloud. Thereby, the analysis of conformance with the specific constraints imposed by a cloud environment candidate along with the detection of constraint violations constitutes an important early phase activity. We present an extensible architecture for describing cloud environments, their corresponding constraints, and appropriate violation detection mechanisms. There exist predefined constraint types with specified domain semantics as well as generic variants for modeling arbitrary constraints. A software system's compliance can be examined with the assistance of so called constraint validators. They operate on discovered KDM-based models of a legacy system. Additional constraint validators can be plugged into the validation process as needed. In this context, we implemented a prototype and modeled the PaaS environment Google App Engine for Java. We report on a quantitative evaluation regarding the detected constraint violations of five open source systems.
Clinical Performance of an In-Line, ex Vivo Point-of-Care Monitor: A Multicenter Study (2002)

The VIA LVM Monitor can be used to assess critically ill neonates and infants.
Bioactive Pseudo‐C‐nucleosides Containing Thiazole, Thiazolidinone, and Tetrazole Rings (2005)

The synthesis of new pseudo‐C‐nucleosides was accomplished starting from 3‐O‐benzyl‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐ribo‐pentodialdo‐1,4‐furanose, aiming to build thiazole, triazole, tetrazole, and thiazolidinone derivatives. The stereochemistry of the thiazolidinone epimers was confirmed by DFT/B3LYP calculations. The well‐known diversity of biological activities exhibited by compounds with these heterocyclic moieties in their structure encouraged the investigation of the insecticidal activity against Musca domestica. The thiazole derivative was efficient as insecticide with LD50=6.7 ng/g, which is in the order of the LD50 values for pyrethroids on the same insect. All the compounds tested showed knockdown, mediated through action on the insect nervous system. The neuroactivity found in insects has motivated the evaluation of the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The two thiazolidinone derivatives tested inhibited butyrylcholinesterase from human serum (36% and 22%), while inhibition of amphiphilic acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes at the same concentrations was found to be very low (5% and 8%). This selective activity may indicate potential application of these structures for amelioration of Alzheimer's disease.
Responses to Median Nerve Stimulation as Recorded by Simultaneous Diffuse Optical Imaging and Magnetoencephalography (2006)

We measured hemodynamic responses using diffuse optical imaging simultaneouously with evoked magnetoencephalography signals using parametrically varied median nerve stimulation. The spatial locations of the DOI responses and MEG source estimates agreed with each other
Evaluation of Order Reduction Techniques for Porous Electrode Diffusion Equation in Lithium Ion Model (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Models for lithium ion batteries based on electrochemical thermal principles approximate electrodes with spheres. Ion concentration in the spheres is described using Fick's second law with partial differential equations (PDE), which can be solved numerically. The model calculation time, especially the electrode ion concentration part, should be reduced as less as possible for real time control purposes. Several mathematical methods have been proposed to reduce the complexity of PDE in electrode particles which include polynomial approximation, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), Padé approximation, Galerkin reformulation and etc. These methods are compared to each other with different input current density. Then, selected method is further integrated into a reduced order model (ROM) for a complete battery that considers Li ion concentration, potentials in electrode and electrolyte. Evaluation of simulation results reveal that the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; order Padé approximation serves as a better computationally efficient replacement for the diffusion equation in lithium ion battery model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Where did my OCD come from? A qualitative exploratory study (2019)

There is a lack of empirical studies investigating patients’ understanding of why they developed obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this article, we explore patients’ conceptualization of why they developed OCD and their understanding of the significance of having a theory about why they developed OCD. We utilized a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach to analyze and interpret the data. Focus group interviews were conducted with 15 individuals who had undergone group behavioral treatment for OCD for an average of 8.5 years ago. Four core categories were drawn from our analysis: (1) OCD as a coping strategy; (2) OCD as a result of family heritage; (3) comfort in understanding where one’s OCD comes from; and (4) ambivalence about focusing on causes in treatment of OCD. In conclusion, participants noted a range of potential psychosocial contributors to the development of their OCD symptoms. Of particular note were beliefs that OCD initially developed as a coping strategy for handling difficult life situations. Potential clinical and research-related implications of these findings are discussed.
Ethanol inhibition of porcine bioprosthetic heart valve cusp calcification is enhanced by reduction with sodium borohydride. (2004)

Inhibition of GPAV calcification with ethanol pretreatment can be enhanced through the optimized use of reducing agents. This indicates that reducible aldehyde-related moieties are likely responsible for breakthrough calcification, even after ethanol pretreatment.
The influence of single‐strand breaks on the kinetics of denaturation of DNA (1970)

Abstract The influence of single‐strand breaks on the kinetics of the relaxation of DNA in a solution of low ionic strength has been investigated by a temperature jump method. The relaxation of DNA after a jump of 0.7 °C in the melting region has been monitored by measuring the extinction at 260 nm. For essentially monodisperse T4 DNA ( M = 130 × 10 6 ) two distinct relaxation times have been observed, that depend markedly on the initial extent of denaturation 1 − θ. The larger relaxation time decreases from 450 sec to about 300 sec, the smaller one from 55 see to 30 when 1 − θ increases from 0.03 to about 0.8. The dependence of these relaxation times on the average number of single‐strand breaks per molecule ( p ) appears to be very small up to p = 100. However, the relative contribution of the slow process decreases sharply when p increases from 0.6 to 30 and remains nearly constant for larger p . The observations are discussed in the light recent theories of the kinetics of denaturation.