gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MIMO Wiberg estimator (2003)

The Wiberg estimator is an online parameter and state estimation algorithm that is a third-order moment approximation to the optimal estimator and has a global convergence point at the true values of the parameters. Previously, it has been derived only in the single-input, single output (SISO) case in observability form. In this work, it is derived for the multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) case in a state-space form representing a large class of systems that are bilinear in state and parameters. This form of the Wiberg estimator is then shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the state-space form of the recursive prediction error method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relationships between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and a Panel of Exposure and Effect Biomarkers: Findings from Two Studies of U.S. Commercial Cigarette Smokers (2020)

This is the first documentation that NMR is not only associated with smoking exposure but also biomarkers of biological effects that are integral in the development of tobacco-related disease. Results provide support for NMR as a biomarker for understanding a smoker's exposure and potential risk for tobacco-related disease.
The importance of efflux pumps in bacterial antibiotic resistance (2002)

Efflux pumps are transport proteins involved in the extrusionof toxic substrates (including virtually all classes of clinicallyrelevant antibiotics) from within cells into the externalenvironment. These proteins are found in both Gram-positiveand -negative bacteria as well as in eukaryotic organisms.
Robustadials. 2. Total synthesis of the bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane structure proposed for robustadials A and B (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRobustadials. 2. Total synthesis of the bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane structure proposed for robustadials A and BKasturi Lal, Eugene A. Zarate, Wiley J. Youngs, and Robert G. SalomonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 16, 3673–3680Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00251a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00251a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views579Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiple transcripts of a calcium‐binding protein gene from Atriplex nummularia are differentially regulated by developmental and environmental stimuli (1996)

H6 is an Atriplex nummularia gene having high sequence homology with the algal caltractin (a basal‐body‐associated calcium‐binding protein) gene. Recombinant H6 was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein exhibited an ethylene glycol‐bis(β‐aminoethyl ether)‐ N,N,N′,N′ ‐tetraacetic acid‐induced mobility shift during sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it was able to bind 45 Ca 2‐ . An H6 cDNA probe detected three RNA transcripts of 1.3, 2.2 and 2.4 kb, respectively. The levels of these transcripts were regulated by different environmental cues and during developmental stages. The steady state levels of the 1.3‐kb mRNA decreased after touch and heat treatments. Expression of the 2.2‐kb message correlated with cell proliferation activity. In cultured cells, the highest level of the 2.2‐kb message preceeded the peak of mitotic cell division activity. In plants, the 2.2‐kb message was detected only in shoot tips that contained meristematic tissues. The 2.4‐kb message was detected exclusively in heat‐shocked cells. The relationship among the three transcripts is discussed in the context of the possible role of H6 in mediating developmental and environmental signals.
Beta-adrenoceptor subtype activities of trimetoquinol derivatives: biochemical studies on human beta-adrenoceptors expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. (1999)

The beta-adrenoceptor activities of trimetoquinol (TMQ) isomers and selected derivatives were evaluated on human beta-adrenoceptor subtypes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In cAMP accumulation assays, (-)-TMQ was 214-, 281-, and 776-fold more potent than (+)-TMQ at stimulating beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively. In radioligand binding assays, (-)-TMQ exhibited 123-, 331-, and 5-fold greater affinity than (+)-TMQ for beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively. (-)-TMQ and (+/-)-TMQ activated the human beta(3)-adrenoceptor with an 8.2- and 3.4-fold greater efficacy, respectively, than the reference beta-adrenoceptor agonist (-)-isoproterenol (efficacy = 1). The 3',5'-diiodo analogs of TMQ were partial agonists of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor relative to (-)-isoproterenol, and their potencies were 5- to 10-fold higher at the beta(3)-adrenoceptor as compared with beta(1)-adrenoceptors. Modification of the catechol (6,7-dihydroxy) nucleus, such as replacement of the 7-hydroxy group with a chloro group (7-chloroTMQ), ring fluorination (8-fluoro and 5,8-difluoro analogs), or preparation of bioisosteric tetrahydrothiazolopyridine (THP) derivatives of TMQ yielded compounds that displayed partial agonist activity (relative to (-)-isoproterenol) or were inactive at the beta(2)-adrenoceptor and exhibited beta(3)-adrenoceptor-selective stimulation compared with the beta(1)-adrenoceptor. Furthermore, the 3',5'-diiodo-4'-methoxybenzylTHP derivative of TMQ was 65-fold more potent than the corresponding 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylTHP at the human beta(3)-adrenoceptor. Our results indicate that 6, 7-dihydroxy-catechol-modified and 1-benzyl halogen-substituted derivatives of TMQ represent promising leads for the development of beta(3)-adrenoceptor-selective agonists.
Discovery of Potent and Selective A2A Antagonists with Efficacy in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Depression (2017)

Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>AdoR) antagonism is a nondopaminergic approach to Parkinson's disease treatment that is under development. Earlier we had reported the therapeutic potential of 7-methoxy-4-morpholino-benzothiazole derivatives as A<sub>2A</sub>AdoR antagonists. We herein described a novel series of [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-<i>f</i>]purin-2-one derivatives that displays functional antagonism of the A<sub>2A</sub> receptor with a high degree of selectivity over A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub> receptors. Compounds from this new scaffold resulted in the discovery of highly potent, selective, stable, and moderate brain penetrating compound <b>33</b>. Compound <b>33</b> endowed with satisfactory <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics properties. Compound <b>33</b> demonstrated robust oral efficacies in two commonly used models of Parkinson's disease (haloperidol-induced catalepsy and 6-OHDA lesioned rat models) and depression (TST and FST mice models).
Fast Nonequilibrium Plasma Thermalization in N2-O2 Mixtures at Different Pressures (2012)

The fractional electron power quickly transferred into heat in non- equilibrium plasmas was studied experimentally and theoretically in N2:O2 mixtures subjected to high electric fields. Measurements were performed in a nanosecond surface dielectric barrier discharge at various gas pressures. The processes that contribute towards the fast transfer of electron energy into thermal energy under the conditions considered were numerically simulated. Calculations were compared with measurements and the main channels of fast gas heating were analyzed at various gas pressures and compositions and at different electric fields.
Imaging of the Pericoronary Adipose Tissue (PCAT) Using Cardiac Computed Tomography (2021)

Modern coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the gold standard to visualize the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT). The EAT is a metabolic active fat depot enclosed by the visceral pericardium and surrounds the coronary arteries. In disease states with increased EAT volume and dysfunctional adipocytes, EAT secretes an increased amount of adipocytokines and the resulting imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators potentially causes atherogenic effects on the coronary vessel wall in a paracrine way ("outside-to-inside" signaling). These EAT-induced atherogenic effects are reported to increase the risk for the development of coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, high-risk plaque features, and future major adverse cardiac events. Coronary inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease; however, its noninvasive detection remains challenging. In future, this clinical dilemma might be changed by the CTA-derived analysis of the PCAT. On the basis of the concept of an "inside-to-outside" signaling between the inflamed coronary vessel wall and the surrounding PCAT recent evidence demonstrates that PCAT computed tomography attenuation especially around the right coronary artery derived from routine CTA is a promising imaging biomarker and "sensor" to noninvasively detect coronary inflammation. This review summarizes the biological and technical principles of CTA-derived PCAT analysis and highlights its clinical implications to improve modern cardiovascular prevention strategies.
An implicit finite element method for high speed flows (1990)

A fast algorithm is presented for constructing continuous lines, consisting of element sides, on general unstructured two-dimensional triangular meshes. The lines must pass through each node of the mesh once and only once. The discussion focuses on the use of these lines in a relaxation method for the solution of the equation system arising from an implicit algorithm for the solution of two-dimensional Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on general unstructured grids. It is also shown that the method can be used for solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on a grid composed of both structured and unstructured regions.
Clinical observations on mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure in bronchiolitis (1986)

An unusually large number of infants (82) were admitted to Stanford University Hospital from November 1, 1983, through May 31, 1985, with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis requiring oxygen therapy. A larger percentage of these infants (17/82 = 21%) than generally expected required mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. Fourteen infants had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, and three had parainfluenza virus infections. Ten patients had respiratory difficulties as neonates. The mechanical ventilation of the children requiring respiratory assistance was characterized by high minute ventilation with high tidal volumes (15 to 20 ml/kg) and slow respiratory rates (16 to 22 breaths/min). Peak inspiratory pressure averaged (mean +/- SD) 35 +/- 6 cm H2O in the RSV group and 34 +/- 6 cm H2O in the parainfluenza group. The mean number of days on the ventilator was 9.7 +/- 3.1 for the RSV group and 8.3 +/- 2.9 for the parainfluenza group. All were extubated within 17 days of presentation and discharged within 28 days. The complications encountered included pneumothorax and acute pulmonary hypertension.
TAU Urban Acoustic Scenes 2021 Mobile, Evaluation dataset (2021)

TAU Urban Acoustic Scenes 2021 Mobile, Evaluation dataset consists of 10-seconds audio segments from 10 acoustic scenes: Airport - <em>airport</em> Indoor shopping mall - <em>shopping_mall</em> Metro station - <em>metro_station</em> Pedestrian street - <em>street_pedestrian</em> Public square - <em>public_square</em> Street with medium level of traffic - <em>street_traffic</em> Travelling by a tram - <em>tram</em> Travelling by a bus - <em>bus</em> Travelling by an underground metro - <em>metro</em> Urban park - <em>park</em>
Effect of liquid addition on heat transfer in gas-fluidized beds of large light particles (2003)

When liquid is added to large-particle gas-fluidized beds where the liquid density is similar to the particle density, the liquid addition can cause a dramatic increase in the velocity range and intensity of fluidization. In this paper it is shown that this also leads to strong enhancement of the heat transfer between the bed and an immersed tube. Experiments were carried out using a heated tube of outer diameter 25 mm in air-fluidized beds of polystyrene particles or glass beads to which small quantities of water (typically equivalent to 10 per cent of the bed volume) were added. The results from the heat transfer experiments are explained with the aid of observations of the tube surface using an industrial endoscope located inside the tube. The key factors underlying the enhancement of heat transfer are identified to be heat conduction to liquid-solid aggregates, convection to the liquid phase, convection to the gas phase and vaporization.
Optimization of carvedilol solid lipid nanoparticles: An approach to control the release and enhance the oral bioavailability on rabbits (2018)

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are prospective carriers for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs with low bioavailability. Therefore, the study aimed at developing carvedilol (CVD) in SLNs to control its release and enhance its bioavailability in the management of hypertension, and cardiac diseases. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the variables affecting the quality of CVD-SLNs which prepared by homogenization-ultrasonication technique. The concentrations of Percirol (X1), Gelucire (X2), and stearylamine (X3) were chosen as the crucial independent variables. The dependent variables were estimated and analyzed by Statgraphics software to achieve the optimum characteristics of the developed SLNs. The optimized SLNs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for pharmacokinetic parameters on male New Zealand white rabbits. The results of this study revealed that the CVD-SLNs have a colloidal size of 31.3 nm with zeta potential of 24.25 mV indicating good stability and 91.43% entrapment efficiency. The in vitro release of CVD from the SLNs was best fitted to Hixon-Crowell model that describes the release from the particles with uniform size. The in vivo pharmacokinetics results indicated the prolongation in the mean residence time of CVD to 23 h when delivered in SLNs and its oral bioavailability enhanced by more than 2-folds.
Lipoprotein lipase and the uptake of lipids by adipose cells during development (1985)

Because of its pivotal role in the metabolism of circulating lipids, lipoprotein lipase has been the subject of concerted investigation for many years. Although much of the information that has been forthcoming has been reviewed in the recent past (Cryer, 1981 ; Quinn et al., 1982 ; Hamosh and Hamosh, 1983 ; Cryer, 1983) it is only fair to say that the ontogenic aspects of the enzyme and its action have been less fully addressed. Before attempting to provide a partial redress of this relative neglect the main features of lipoprotein lipase action will be reviewed.
Isolation of Intestinal Mesenchymal Cells from Adult Mice (2016)

During the last 20 years intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) have emerged as an important cell type that plays a central role in intestinal development and homeostasis, by providing both structural support and growth regulatory elements. IMCs also actively participate in wound healing responses, thus regulating pathologic conditions such as tissue repair, inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenesis (Powell et al., 2011). We have recently demonstrated that intestinal mesenchymal-specific signals play important in vivo physiological roles in intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis (Koliaraki et al., 2012; Roulis et al., 2014; Koliaraki et al., 2015). Here we describe the enzymatic method used for the isolation and culture of mesenchymal cells from the adult mouse intestine.
P1‐164: The structural context of amyloidogenic sequences in native proteins (2009)

The ability to form amyloid appears to be a generic property of polypeptide chains, as many, if not all, proteins can be converted into amyloid given the appropriate in vitro conditions. More than 40 pathological conditions in humans have been described in which a normally physiologically functional protein, or a protein fragment, is found deposited in amyloid plaques or fibrillar tangles. In many cases, peptide fragments of these amyloidogenic proteins have been shown to form fibrils in vitro. Here, we investigated how native proteins deal with these aggregation-prone, and potentially lethal, sequences. A collection of amyloidogenic proteins was compiled from an exhaustive literature survey. Proteins eligible for the study contained short, well-characterised peptides which had been demonstrated to form amyloid fibrils in vitro, and have an accurate structure. The resulting set of 29 amyloidogenic proteins was subjected to secondary structure analysis using the DeepView molecular graphics program (Guex and Peitsch, 1997) and surface accessibility calculations using NACCESS (Hubbard and Thornton, 1993). It was found that amyloidogenic sequences have lower random coil content that non-amyloidogenic sequences. Furthermore, amyloidogenic sequences with one or more β residues show reduced surface accessibility compared to non-amyloidogenic sequences, whereas sequences with no β-strand residues show no difference in their surface accessibility compared to non-amyloidogenic residues. A negative correlation was observed between β-strand content and accessible surface area of residues in amyloidogenic as well as non-amyloidogenic sequences. A positive correlation was observed between helical content and accessible surface area in amyloidogenic, but not non-amyloidogenic sequences. Potentially fibril-forming sequences in native proteins contain fewer residues in random coil and more residues in β-strand and helical conformations. Protein evolution has resulted in such amyloidogenic sequences with high β content being buried, whereas those with high helical content can be more exposed to the surface. Proteins thus cope with amyloidogenic sequences by putting them either in helix that can be on the surface or in buried sheet.
Pulicaria petiolaris effectively attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice (2018)

Members of the genus Pulicaria have been used in traditional medicine for alleviating several complaints as they have a rich pool of biometabolites. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease with an elevated mortality rate. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of P. petiolaris Jaub. and Spach. (PP) (Asteraceae). Moreover, the potential protective potential of PP against lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-induced ALI was assessed. PP is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids. The total phenolic content (TPC) was 68.05 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dried extract, and the total flavonoid content (TFC) was 45.86 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dried extract. Additionally, PP possessed a promising DPPH-scavenging activity, with an IC50=27 ?g/mL. Our results showed that PP lessened LPS-induced lung injury. PP effectively reduced pulmonary edema as it lowered total protein and the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It also significantly ameliorated the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the BALF and improved the histopathological lesions in the lung tissue. LPS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration was greatly depressed in PP-treated animals. PP showed antioxidant capacity as it reduced the LPS-induced increase in the lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA). It also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH). This study indicates that PP significantly decreased LPS-induced inflammation in the LPS-mediated ALI murine model, suggesting that it may become a significant preventive strategy for treating nonspecific inflammation of the lungs.
One-dimensional alignment of organometallic donor–acceptor compounds via coordination polymerization. Synthesis and structures of [W(CC6H4X-4)(OBut)3] ∞ (X = NMe2, SMe) (1997)

Metal–alkylidyne complexes of the type W(CC 6 H 4 X-4)(OBu t ) 3 (X = NMe 2 , SMe), which are analogues of classic organic donor–acceptor compounds, form infinite-chain structures in the solid state through weak intermolecular dative bonds between the tungsten and donor atoms.
Pan-caspase inhibitor VX-166 reduces fibrosis in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis # (2009)

Inhibiting hepatic apoptosis suppresses the development of fibrosis in mice with NASH. Beneficial effects on liver fibrosis were associated with reductions in hepatic steatosis, but occurred without obvious improvement in liver injury. These findings are consistent with evidence that apoptosis triggers HSC activation and liver fibrosis and suggest that caspase inhibitors may be useful as an antifibrotic NASH therapy.
Apparatus for continuous flow mixing of explosive gases (1968)

The apparatus is based on the use of hypodermic needles and small diameter tubes as the primary metering elements. In order to assure reliability of operation three conditions must be satisfied: the flow choked at the tube exit, the friction coefficient maintained strictly laminar, and the gas behaving as a continuum. Construction of the apparatus, with proper consideration of the above conditions and their experimental verification, is presented.
A Novel Scaling Process for the Computation of Multiconductor Transmission-Line Modal Properties Using the Basis Invariance of Total Current and Power (2020)

It is generally regarded that some properties of the characteristic modes of multiconductor transmission lines, such as per-unit-length impedance, admittance, or characteristic impedance, cannot be meaningfully computed analytically. This inability arises from the nature of the definition of the modes – sets of relative voltages and/or currents – which in the prevailing understanding may be arbitrarily scaled. Several methods with which to compute scaling factors have been proposed, but often – and as demonstrated in this work – the results of these processes do not agree with values determined directly from field quantities or experiments. This work begins by examining several facets of multiconductor-transmission-line modes under the approximation of ideal TEM propagation: firstly, that transmission-line modes are normal, and secondly, that as a result of possessing this property, it is postulated that total currents in the terminal domain may be directly equated to those in the modal domain. It is then shown that these relations allow the scaling factors to be determined to within a sign, and as a result, modal properties may be directly computed. This technique allows for the extraction of the modal transmission-line properties for any arbitrary system of conductors. Multiple examples are studied numerically, in which it is shown that the proposed process results in much stronger agreement with field solution than other proposed processes, and further validation of the proposed process is provided though experimentally obtained data.