gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reworkable Epoxies:  Thermosets with Thermally Cleavable Groups for Controlled Network Breakdown (1998)

A series of new cycloaliphatic epoxies were synthesized which have either secondary or tertiary ester bonds between cross-link sites. Thermal analysis data shows that the anhydride-cured epoxies with tertiary ester bonds can decompose at ∼220 °C, while those with primary ester links decompose at ∼340 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that these new thermosets retain moduli comparable to the non-reworkable commercial thermosets with similar structure.
Lobbying for a Five-star Law Firm (2010)

Next time you stay at a leading hotel or resort, take some notes on how the experience could transform client service and workplace culture at your law firm, advises Linda Julian.
La reconnaissance du trouble mental. Psychiatrie, médecine et bien-être (1950-1980) (2011)

Lorsqu’elle étudie la médecine dans son rapport avec le contrôle social, l’analyse sociologique omet d’évoquer les valeurs qui sous-tendent la médicalisation. Les développements de la psychiatrie américaine, entre 1950 et 1980, mettent en lumière le rôle moteur exercé par la défense de l’individu dans la promotion de la santé mentale. Le credo de l’individualité a offert un point d’appui aux droits des patients et à la légitimation des désordres psychiques. Mais, il a également donné naissance à une exigence de bien-être, acquise au traitement de la souffrance et, au-delà, à l’accomplissement individuel. Ce schéma moral nourrit la médicalisation mais la soumet également à des impératifs contradictoires de réparation et de protection du sujet. Comme l’article cherche à le montrer, la psychiatrie, en tant que médecine psychologique, exprime au plus près cette tension. L’ambivalence des exigences de santé affecte l’organisation de la morphologie professionnelle, marque l’évolution de la catégorisation psychiatrique, et modifie à la fois son rôle d’expertise.
Genetics of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity Toxicity in Gilbert's Syndrome (2013)

1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Fellow Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Correspondence: Khozema B. Hussain, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1425, Baylor Clinic, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Small molecule semiconductors for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics (2012)

Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) are a promising cost-effective alternative to silicon-based solar cells, and possess light-weight, low-cost, and flexibility advantages. Significant progress has been achieved in the development of novel photovoltaic materials and device structures in the last decade. Nowadays small molecular semiconductors for OPVs have attracted considerable attention, due to their advantages over their polymer counterparts, including well-defined molecular structure, definite molecular weight, and high purity without batch to batch variations. The highest power conversion efficiencies of OPVs based on small molecular donor/fullerene acceptors or polymeric donor/fullerene acceptors are up to 6.7% and 8.3%, respectively, and meanwhile nonfullerene acceptors have also exhibited some promising results. In this review we summarize the developments in small molecular donors, acceptors (fullerene derivatives and nonfullerene molecules), and donor-acceptor dyad systems for high-performance multilayer, bulk heterojunction, and single-component OPVs. We focus on correlations of molecular chemical structures with properties, such as absorption, energy levels, charge mobilities, and photovoltaic performances. This structure-property relationship analysis may guide rational structural design and evaluation of photovoltaic materials (253 references).
Normal temporal and spatial distribution of oligodendrocyte progenitors in the myelin-deficient (md) rat (1997)

A point mutation in exon 3 of the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene of the myelin-deficient (md) rat leads to a failure of oligodendrocyte maturation and early death of oligodendrocytes, resulting in dysmyelination. It has been suggested that an alternative-splice isoform of PLP, known as DM-20, might be expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitors in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS), raising the possibility that early development of the oligodendrocyte lineage might also be affected in the md rat. To test this suggestion, we visualized oligodendrocyte progenitors in the embryonic md rat spinal cord and brain by in situ hybridization with a probe to the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (PDGFR). We could detect no abnormalities in the time of first appearance of oligodendrocyte precursors, nor in their subsequent proliferation and dispersal throughout the CNS. These data strongly suggest that the PLP mutation in the md rat primarily or exclusively affects the later stages of oligodendrocyte lineage.
A decoupled access/execute architecture for efficient access of structured data (2002)

The authors introduce a decoupled access/execute architecture (DAE) that decouples the data access tasks from the data computation tasks and overlaps execution of the two types of tasks. Such overlapping allows at least part of the data access overhead to be hidden. A method for maximizing the decoupling of structured data references from the data computation tasks and a DAE architecture with adequate mechanisms to support and take advantage of such decoupling are presented. The simulation study showed that the access mechanisms provided by this architecture lead to substantial reductions in the data computation units tall time and to significantly more efficient use of the data bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Is there a second external lidocaine binding site on mammalian cardiac cells? (1989)

Lidocaine and its permanently charged analogue QX-314 block sodium current (INa) in nerve, and by this mechanism, lidocaine produces local anesthesia. When administered clinically, lidocaine prevents cardiac arrhythmias. Nerve and skeletal muscle are much more sensitive to local anesthetics when the drugs are applied inside the cell, indicating that the binding site for local anesthetics is located on the inside of those Na channels. Using a large suction pipette for voltage clamp and internal perfusion of single cardiac Purkinje cells, we demonstrate that a charged lidocaine analogue blocks INa not only when applied from the inside but also from the outside, unlike noncardiac tissue. This functional difference in heart predicts that a second local anesthetic binding site exists outside or near the outside of cardiac Na channels and emphasizes that the cardiac Na channel is different from that in nerve.
Attenuating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury (2011)

Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous CNS myelin abnormalities; yet, its direct role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced demyelination is not known. The UPR is an evolutionarily conserved cell defense mechanism initiated to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in response to various cellular stresses including infection, trauma, and oxidative damage. However, if uncompensated, the UPR triggers apoptotic cell death. We demonstrate that the three signaling branches of UPR including the PERK, ATF6, and IRE1α are rapidly initiated in a mouse model of contusive SCI specifically at the injury epicenter. Immunohistochemical analyses of the various UPR markers revealed that in neurons, the UPR appeared at 6 and 24-h post-SCI. In contrast, in oligodendrocytes and astroglia, UPR persisted at least for up to 3 days post-SCI. The UPR-associated proapoptotic transcriptional regulator CHOP was among the UPR markers upregulated in neurons and oligodendrocytes, but not in astrocytes, of traumatized mouse spinal cords. To directly analyze its role in SCI, WT and CHOP null mice received a moderate T9 contusive injury. Deletion of CHOP led to an overall attenuation of the UPR after contusive SCI. Furthermore, analyses of hindlimb locomotion demonstrated a significant functional recovery that correlated with an increase in white-matter sparing, transcript levels of myelin basic protein, and Claudin 11 and decreased oligodendrocyte apoptosis in CHOP null mice in contrast to WT animals. Thus, our study provides evidence that the UPR contributes to oligodendrocyte loss after traumatic SCI.
Metall‐Metall‐Abstände am Limit: ein Komplex mit ultrakurzer Cr‐Cr‐Bindung (2008)

So kurz wie nirgends sonst ist die Cr-Cr-Bindung in einem Dichromkomplex, der bei der Reduktion von CrII/CrIII-Aminopyridinat-Chlor-Komplexen entsteht: 1.75 Å sind selbst für Bindungsordnungen größer vier ein Rekordwert. Die experimentellen Befunde werden durch quantenchemische Rechungen ergänzt.
Aqueous Medium Radical Addition to Ketimines with a Phenolic Hydroxyl Group. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Draft Genome Sequence of the White-Rot Fungus Obba rivulosa 3A-2 (2016)

We report here the first genome sequence of the white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a polypore known for its lignin-decomposing ability. The genome is based on the homokaryon 3A-2 originating in Finland. The genome is typical in size and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) content for wood-decomposing basidiomycetes.
OUTCOME OF LONG FUSIONS TO L5 IN AN ADULT DEFORMITY POPULATION (2008)

Purpose: To document clinical and radiographic outcome, and survivorship of long fusion constructs (>T12) stopping at L5. Methods: Retrospective clinical and radiographic analysis of long fusions to L5 in an adult population, with follow-up greater than 5 years. Results: We reviewed a consecutive series of patients with long fusion constructs ending at L5 from 1991–2000. 33 patients were identified with fusions from the thoracic spine to L5. 14 patients were excluded, including 7 deaths, 3 patients lost to follow-up, and 4 patients with incomplete radiographic and clinical data sets. There were 17 females and 2 males, with average age of 50 (range 25–73). 7 patients have since undergone extension of fusion to the sacrum, and comprised Group II; the remaining 13 patients comprised Group I. There was no association between preoperative radiographic characteristics of the deformity and outcome (coronal/ sagittal plane imbalance, curve magnitude). Specifically, the lumbosacral disk space appearance (disk height, lordosis) was similar in both groups preoperatively. Presence of postop degenerative changes at the lumbosacral disk did not correlate with outcome. Patients in group I and II had similar scores in SRS, ODI and SF-12 outcome measures. Some patients reported a change in functional status after revision to sacrum, including change in gait pattern, loss of twisting and bending ability, and more difficulty with perineal care. At least 4 patients in Group I are being considered for revision. Conclusions: In conclusion, long fusions to L5 in an adult deformity population yields unpredictable results more than 5 years after surgery. Although of smaller magnitude than primary fusions to sacrum, stopping at L5 is associated with a significant revision rate. Some patients with long fusions to L5 have good function more than 5 years after surgery.
Comparison of HONO budgets for two measurement heights at a field station within the boreal forest (SMEAR II – HUMPPA-COPEC 2010) (2014)

Abstract. Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous acid (HONO), one of the major precursors of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the troposphere, normally exceed by far the values predicted by the assumption of a photostationary state (PSS) during daytime. Therefore, additional sources of HONO were intensively investigated in the last decades. Here, we present budget calculations of HONO based on simultaneous measurements of all relevant species including HONO and OH at two different measurement heights, i.e. 1 m above ground and about 2 to 3 m above canopy (24 m above ground), conducted in boreal forest environment. We observed mean HONO concentrations during daytime of about 6.5 × 108 molecules cm−3 (26 ppt), more than twenty times higher than expected from the PSS, 0.2 × 108 molecules cm−3 (1 ppt). To close the budgets in both heights a strong additional source term during daytime is required. This unidentified source is maximal at noon (up to 1.1 × 106 molecules cm−3 s−1, 160 ppt h−1) and in general up to 2.3 times stronger above the canopy than close to the ground. The insignificance of known gas phase reactions and also other processes like dry deposition or advection compared to the photolytic decomposition of HONO at this measurement site was an ideal prerequisite to study possible correlations of this unknown term to proposed HONO sources. But neither the proposed emissions from soils nor the proposed photolysis of adsorbed HNO3 contributed substantially to the unknown source. However, the unknown source was found to be perfectly correlated to the unbalanced photolytic loss of HONO.
Coding Trajectory: Enable Video Coding for Video Denoising (2018)

We introduce a novel video denoising approach which can produce a clean video by utilizing redundant image patches existed in the video frames. Previous multi-frame video denosing approaches either require image registration or employ Patch Match algorithms for the discovery of the patch redundancy. However, these computations are time-consuming and prone to errors. On the other hand, nearly all captured videos have been compressed. Such a compression can produce a rich set of block-based motion vectors that can be utilized for the redundant patch extraction, leading to the efficient video denosing. To be specific, the motion vectors and frame references can be obtained from the video coding. Given a noised frame block, we follow its motion vectors from the coding to form a trajectory and gather a set of block candidates along the routes from its nearby frames. The trajectory is referred to as Coding Trajectory. Then, the corresponding denoised block is generated by weighted fusing the block candidates with outlier rejections. A denoised frame is consisted of all the denoised blocks. We compare our method with several state-of-the-art approaches, such as VBM3D and VB-M4D, in terms of PSNR and SSIM. The experiments show that our method can achieve high quality results while runs much faster then the other approaches.
Collaborative construction planning: Towards 4d visualizations adapted to practitioners requirements (2010)

Managing the intervention of various actors during the construction phase is a recurrent issue in the construction sector. This is partly due to the multiplicity of stakeholders and the need to manage interfaces necessary for efficient planning and coordination of construction tasks. 4D CAD technology appears to be an innovative approach to answer such issues. It consists in combining a 3D model with the time dimension, in order to simulate the progress of works construction along the time. Our main hypothesis is that the use of 4D to support the actors ’ collaborative work is not adapted enough to the need of the sector because the classical view (Gantt + 3D model) does not take into account the specific requirements related to particular usages (planning of interventions and reservations request for a contractor; simulation and integration of works ’ interfaces for an engineer, etc..). It is therefore challenging to adapt the visualization to business needs of users. Developments in Human-Machine Interface and Information Visualization fields could allow us selecting user views properties (I.e. Structure, Quantity of information displayable, Graphical attributes, Content description, Interaction principles, Business view) and compose “business views”. Therefore, the article propose taxonomy to describe user views in order to setup a method for business visualization design, enabling to: 1) Identify business
Sim2Real for Soft Robotic Fish via Differentiable Simulation (2021)

Accurate simulation of soft mechanisms under dynamic actuation is critical for the design of soft robots. We address this gap with our differentiable simulation tool by learning the material parameters of our soft robotic fish. On the example of a soft robotic fish, we demonstrate an experimentally-verified, fast optimization pipeline for learning the material parameters from quasi-static data via differentiable simulation and apply it to the prediction of dynamic performance. Our method identifies physically plausible Young's moduli for various soft silicone elastomers and stiff acetal copolymers used in creation of our three different robotic fish tail designs. We show that our method is compatible with varying internal geometry of the actuators, such as the number of hollow cavities. Our framework allows high fidelity prediction of dynamic behavior for composite bi-morph bending structures in real hardware to millimeter-accuracy and within 3 percent error normalized to actuator length. We provide a differentiable and robust estimate of the thrust force using a neural network thrust predictor; this estimate allows for accurate modeling of our experimental setup measuring bollard pull. This work presents a prototypical hardware and simulation problem solved using our differentiable framework; the framework can be applied to higher dimensional parameter inference, learning control policies, and computational design due to its differentiable character.
High-throughput morphometric analysis of pulmonary airways in MSCT via a mixed 3D/2D approach (2011)

Asthma and COPD are complex airway diseases with an increased incidence estimated for the next decade. Today, the mechanisms and relationships between airway structure/physiology and the clinical phenotype and genotype are not completely understood. We thus lack the tools to predict disease progression or therapeutic responses. One of the main causes is our limited ability to assess the complexity of airway diseases in large populations of patients with appropriate controls. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging opened the way to the non-invasive assessment of airway physiology and structure, but the use of such technology in large cohorts requires a high degree of automation of the measurements. This paper develops an investigation framework and the associated image quantification tools for high-throughput analysis of airways in MSCT. A mixed approach is proposed, combining 3D and cross-section measurements of the airway tree where the user-interaction is limited to the choice of the desired analysis patterns. Such approach relies on the fully-automated segmentation of the 3D airway tree, caliber estimation and visualization based on morphologic granulometry, central axis computation and tree segment selection, cross-section morphometry of airway lumen and wall, and bronchus longitudinal shape analysis for stenosis/bronciectasis detection and measure validation. The developed methodology has been successfully applied to a cohort of 96 patients from a multi-center clinical study of asthma control in moderate and persistent asthma.
Identification and Characterization of a New Member of the Placental Prolactin-Like Protein-C (PLP-C) Subfamily, PLP-Cβ* (2000)

We have isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone that encodes a new member of the PRL-like protein-C (PLP-C) subfamily of the PRL gene family. The clone was amplified from a 13.5-day-old mouse conceptus cDNA library by PCR using primers based on conserved regions of PLP-C sequences. The full-length cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 241 residues, which contains a putative signal sequence and 2 putative N-linked glycosylation sites. The predicted protein shares 55-66% amino acid identity with mouse PLP-Calpha and rat PLP-D, PLP-H, PLP-Cv, and PLP-C and also contains 6 homologously positioned cysteine residues. Thus, we named this protein PLP-Cbeta for consistency. We have also isolated rat PLP-Cbeta from rat placenta cDNA library. Surprisingly, two messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms of rat PLP-Cbeta were isolated: one mRNA (rPLP-Cbeta) encodes a 241-amino acid product, but another mRNA (rPLP-Cbetadelta39) lacks 39 bases that encode for a region rich in aromatic amino acids. The 39-bp region corresponds to exon 3 of other PLP-C subfamily members, such as PLP-Calpha, PLP-Cv, and d/tPRP. It suggests that the two isoforms are probably generated by an alternative splicing from a single gene. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the rPLP-Cbeta form was dominantly expressed in placenta, although both isoforms are coexpressed during placentation. The mouse PLP-Cbeta mRNA expression, which was specific to the placenta, was first detected by Northern analysis on embryonic day 11.5 (E 11.5) and persisted until birth. However, in situ hybridization analysis revealed mPLP-Cbeta expression on E 10.5 in specific trophoblast subsets, such as giant cells and spongiotrophoblast cells. mPLP-Cbeta mRNA was detected in the labyrinthine zone on E 18.5, suggesting that spongiotrophoblast cells had penetrated the labyrinthotrophoblast zone. Consistent with the observed expression in trophoblast giant cells, PLP-Cbeta expression was also detected in in vitro differentiated Rcho-1 cells, which express the trophoblast giant cell phenotype. In summary, overall high amino acid identity (79%), the locations of cysteine residues, and consensus sites for N-linked glycosylation between mouse and rat PLP-Cbeta clearly indicate that PLP-Cbeta is a bona fide member of the PLP-C subfamily. The conservation between mouse and rat, the presence of alternative isoforms, and the pattern of expression during gestation suggest the biological significance of PLP-Cbeta during pregnancy.
Optimal Pricing for Efficient Electric Vehicle Charging Station Management (2016)

The rapid development of Electric Vehicles (EVs) seen in recent years has been drawing increasing attentions from the public, markets, decision-makers, and academia. Notwithstanding the progress, issues still remain. Because of the widely complained disadvantages of limited battery capacity and long charging time, charging convenience has become a top concern that greatly hinders the adoption of EVs. Specialized EV charging station, which provides more than 10 times faster charging speed than domestic charging, is therefore a critical element for successful EV promotion.While most existing researches focus on optimizing spatial placement of charging stations, they are inflexible and inefficient against rapidly changing urban structure and traffic pattern. Therefore, this paper approaches the management of EV charging stations from the pricing perspective as a more flexible and adaptive complement to established charging station placement. In this paper, we build a realistic pricing model in consideration of residential travel pattern and {EV} drivers' self-interested charging behavior, traffic congestion, and operating expense of charging stations. We formulate the pricing problem as a mixed integer non-convex optimization problem, and propose a scalable algorithm to solve it. Experiments on both mock and real data are also conducted, which show scalability of our algorithm as well as our solution's significant improvement over existing approaches.