gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the membrane mucin Muc4 in corneal epithelial cells by proteosomal degradation and TGF‐β (2010)

MUC4 is a heterodimeric membrane mucin, composed of a mucin subunit ASGP-1 (MUC4alpha) and a transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 (MUC4beta), which has been implicated in the protection of epithelial cell surfaces. In the rat stratified corneal epithelium Muc4 is found predominantly in the most superficial cell layers. Since previous studies in other tissues have shown that Muc4 is regulated by TGF-beta via a proteosomal degradation mechanism, we investigated the regulation of corneal Muc4 in stratified cultures of corneal epithelial cells. Application of proteosome or processing inhibitors led to increases in levels of Muc4, particularly in the basal and intermediate levels of the stratified cultures. These changes were accompanied by increases in Muc4 ubiquitination, chaperone association and incorporation into intracellular aggresomes. In contrast, treatment with TGF-beta resulted in reduced levels of Muc4, which were reversed by proteosome inhibition. The results support a model in which Muc4 precursor is synthesized in all layers of the corneal epithelium, but Muc4 is degraded in basal and intermediate layers by a proteosomal mechanism at least partly dependent on TGF-beta inhibition of Muc4 processing.
Metal Ion Separations in Aqueous Biphasic Systems and with ABEC™ Resins (2003)

Solvent extraction is a proven technology for the recovery of metal ions from aqueous solution (,). Through the application of different diluents, extractants, and aqueous phase conditions, the technique may be adapted to handle a wide variety of solutes. Extraction kinetics are often rapid, enabling high throughput, and the technology may be engineered for selectivity and efficiency through the use of multistage contactors. However, there are disadvantages to the employment of aqueous/organic extraction schemes. In paticular, many utilize toxic and flammable organic diluents, which may add significant cost to the overall process design and which are highly regulated owing to their environmental impact.
Investigations into the operation ob a microstrip-fed uniplanar quasi-Yagi antenna (2002)

A parameter investigation into the broadband operation of a microstrip-fed uniplanar quasi-Yagi antenna using a full-wave electromagnetic field analysis is performed. In this study parameters that mostly affect this antenna's design frequency and operational bandwidth are identified. For experimental verification a Ku-band prototype antenna is fabricated and its return loss and radiation patterns are presented.
Colorectal polyp segmentation using front propagation on surfaces guided by shape (2015)

Polyp size is a biomarker of colon cancer. Manual size measurements are subject to a variety of sources of error. We present an automatic method for segmenting a polyp from a user clicked point. The method is based on front propagation on surface mesh, guided by features that characterize the local protrudedness, its thickness, its resemblance to wall like structures and ridge measures. These measures are designed to characterize growths in the colonic lumen and differentiate polyp growth from other protrusions such as haustral folds. These measures are aggregated and smoothed. Fast marching guided by these features extracts the polyps. Empirical observation suggests that the method successfully segments a variety of polyp shapes in less than 2 s.
Maternal and Paternal Differences in Infant Carry: U.S. and African Data (1979)

Over 4,000 adult-child groupings (Seattle and Dakar) in a variety of public places were observed. They were classified by sex and age of adults accompanying children; sex and age of infant, child or juvenile; the side (right or left) on which (and the way in which) the adult was carrying, in contact with, or in proximity to the child. The United States data indicated that sex and age of infant, sex of parent, and whether the infant was accompanied by both its parents are important parameters in the way infants are carried. Adult females carried infants of less than 1 yr predominantly on the left side; the effect was strongest for male infants. Adult males exhibited no such left-side bias. The African data (Wolof tribes) suggested that infants also choose to place their heads nearer the heart on the left side. The possibility that maternal and paternal care may have different evolutionary origins is considered.
Digital controlled MOSFET gradient amplifier for magnetic resonance imaging (2011)

This paper presents a digital controlled gradient amplifier for magnetic resonance imaging that is composed of an H-bridge of power MOSFETs with the voltage and current ratings of 150V/240A. An output filter is designed for both differential and common modes that can be decoupled in the circuit model. A digital tracking control algorithm, including a full-state feedback and a feed-forward loop, is proposed with an additional nonlinear PI to eliminate the tracking error. The common-mode dv/dt can be attenuated by simply keeping the common-mode input constant. To ease the requirements for the accuracy of both the state variable sensors and the A/D samplings, a simple PI is applied instead of the tracking control during the steady period of the output current. Simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the performances of the amplifier.
Continuous wave-pumped wavelength conversion in low-loss silicon nitride waveguides (2015)

In this Letter we introduce a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible low-loss Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguide platform for nonlinear integrated optics. The waveguide has a moderate nonlinear coefficient of 285 W/km, but the achieved propagation loss of only 0.06 dB/cm and the ability to handle high optical power facilitate an optimal waveguide length for wavelength conversion. We observe a constant quadratic dependence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process on the continuous-wave (CW) pump when operating in the C-band, which indicates that the waveguide has negligible high-power constraints owing to nonlinear losses. We achieve a conversion efficiency of -26.1 dB and idler power generation of -19.6 dBm. With these characteristics, we present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, CW-pumped data conversion in a non-resonant Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguide.
Growth of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Culture: Problems and Possible Solutions (2000)

Filamentous fungi are important organisms industrially and continue to attract research interest as microbiologists attempt to overcome the problems associated with their behavior in submerged culture. This review critically examines the literature describing these problems and where available suggests possible solutions to them. The influence of the chemical and physical environment on culture morphology, the process engineering challenges presented by different fungal morphologies, and the relationship between fungal morphology and metabolite production are all discussed.
Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Hybrid Mesoporous Materials Assembled from Polyhedral and Bridged Silsesquioxane Monomers (2012)

A family of hybrid mesoporous materials with high temperature stability was obtained by the suitable covalent combination of two types of siloxane precursors. Specifically, cubic T(8) polyhedral oligomeric (POSS) and aryl bridged silsesquioxane monomers (1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene, BTEB) play the role of nanobuilders. An optimal molar ratio of the two precursors (5-25 mol% of total silicon content from the BTEB disilane) generated a homogenous, highly accessible, and well-defined mesoporous material with hexagonal symmetry and narrow pore-size distribution. Physicochemical, textural, and spectroscopic analysis corroborated the effective integration and preservation of the two different nanoprecursors, thereby confirming the framework of the mesoporous hybrid materials. A post-synthesis amination treatment allowed the effective incorporation of amino groups onto the aryl linkers, thereby obtaining a stable and recyclable basic catalyst for use in C-C bond-formation processes.
CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTE GENE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES CORRELATES WITH REJECTING RENAL ALLOGRAFTS1 (1998)

Coordinate CL gene expression in PBLs and the allograft is usually detected. CL gene expression in PBLs is closely associated with a pathologic diagnosis of rejection. CL gene expression in PBLs may serve as a noninvasive method of monitoring for renal allograft rejection.
The Fluorescence Lifetimes of Jet-cooled Alkylnaphthalenes (1985)

Abstract The measured fluorescence lifetime of the origin of jet-cooled 1-methylnaphthalene is close to that of naphthalene, whereas the corresponding lifetimes of the 2-substituted are longer. The fluorescence lifetime decreased with increasing excitation energy; this can be attributed to an increase in the rate of intersystem crossing with vibrational excitation.
Exciton switching and Peierls transitions in hybrid inorganic-organic self-assembled quantum wells (2009)

The switching behavior of exciton absorption and photoluminescence is systematically explored in hybrid inorganic-organic multiple quantum well structures, based on (C12H25NH3)2PbI4 thin films and single crystals. Two structural phases found between 15 and 75 °C, based on orthorhombic and monoclinic unit cells, show different optical excitons which are demonstrated to arise from the reversible crumpling of the quantum well layers. Structural flips can be controlled by annealing or film thickness, with different thermal hysteresis behavior observed for single crystals and thin films.
Deep Joint Rain Detection and Removal from a Single Image (2017)

In this paper, we address a rain removal problem from a single image, even in the presence of heavy rain and rain streak accumulation. Our core ideas lie in our new rain image model and new deep learning architecture. We add a binary map that provides rain streak locations to an existing model, which comprises a rain streak layer and a background layer. We create a model consisting of a component representing rain streak accumulation (where individual streaks cannot be seen, and thus visually similar to mist or fog), and another component representing various shapes and directions of overlapping rain streaks, which usually happen in heavy rain. Based on the model, we develop a multi-task deep learning architecture that learns the binary rain streak map, the appearance of rain streaks, and the clean background, which is our ultimate output. The additional binary map is critically beneficial, since its loss function can provide additional strong information to the network. To handle rain streak accumulation (again, a phenomenon visually similar to mist or fog) and various shapes and directions of overlapping rain streaks, we propose a recurrent rain detection and removal network that removes rain streaks and clears up the rain accumulation iteratively and progressively. In each recurrence of our method, a new contextualized dilated network is developed to exploit regional contextual information and to produce better representations for rain detection. The evaluation on real images, particularly on heavy rain, shows the effectiveness of our models and architecture.
Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals: Review of Toxicological Mechanisms Using Molecular Pathway Analysis (2015)

Endocrine disruptors are known to cause harmful effects to human through various exposure routes. These chemicals mainly appear to interfere with the endocrine or hormone systems. As importantly, numerous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of endocrine disruptors can induce fatal disorders including obesity and cancer. Using diverse biological tools, the potential molecular mechanisms related with these diseases by exposure of endocrine disruptors. Recently, pathway analysis, a bioinformatics tool, is being widely used to predict the potential mechanism or biological network of certain chemicals. In this review, we initially summarize the major molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of the above mentioned diseases by endocrine disruptors. Additionally, we provide the potential markers and signaling mechanisms discovered via pathway analysis under exposure to representative endocrine disruptors, bisphenol, diethylhexylphthalate, and nonylphenol. The review emphasizes the importance of pathway analysis using bioinformatics to finding the specific mechanisms of toxic chemicals, including endocrine disruptors.
A modular modeling approach for automated manufacturing systems based on shared resources and process planning using Petri nets (2002)

The modeling of automated manufacturing systems has been studied to cope with production planning and control problems. Petri nets have been applied to model these systems because they provide resources to represent the system behavior. When the systems are too large or complex, the modeling task is difficult and the elements in the model are too many for a simple understanding and analysis. This paper proposes an approach to modeling these systems to minimize these difficulties. The proposed approach uses Petri nets and a modular strategy considering shared resources and alternative process planning. Using this approach, a system has been modeled. First the system elements for the modeling job were considered, and then the modules were linked to build the complete model.
Development of sugar and acid in grapes during ripening / (1916)

sition of grape products, and it would appear that the data secured should have practical value to growers who wish to secure the highest quality of fruit, therefore the analytical results are presented quite fully.
Systemic splicing factor deficiency causes tissue-specific defects: a zebrafish model for retinitis pigmentosa† (2010)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common hereditary eye disease that causes blindness due to a progressive loss of photoreceptors in the retina. RP can be elicited by mutations that affect the tri-snRNP subunit of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery, but how defects in this essential macromolecular complex transform into a photoreceptor-specific phenotype is unknown. We have modeled the disease in zebrafish by silencing the RP-associated splicing factor Prpf31 and observed detrimental effects on visual function and photoreceptor morphology. Despite reducing the level of a constitutive splicing factor, no general defects in gene expression were found. Instead, retinal genes were selectively affected, providing the first in vivo link between mutations in splicing factors and the RP phenotype. Silencing of Prpf4, a splicing factor hitherto unrelated to RP, evoked the same defects in vision, photoreceptor morphology and retinal gene expression. Hence, various routes affecting the tri-snRNP can elicit tissue-specific gene expression defects and lead to the RP phenotype.
Molekulare Erkennung und Transport von Nucleobasen — Überlegenheit makrobicyclischer Wirtmoleküle (1991)

Bestimmte Purin‐ und Pyrimidinbasen werden von den N ‐benzylierten Tris(brenzcatechin)‐Makrobicyclen 1 dank passender Hohlraumgröße und der Möglichkeit der Bildung von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen gut komplexiert. Die Ergebnisse werfen auch die Frage auf, ob Siderophore beim Transport von Nucleobasen oder Nucleotiden in biologischen Systemen eine Rolle spielen. magnified image
Reference Points Density Invariant Map Matching for Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Positioning (2018)

Wi-Fi fingerprinting positioning is one of the most popular methods for indoor positioning. However, its positioning error is influenced by the abnormal large distance between the time-adjacent locations. To tackle the problem, the map matching method is used to improve the precision of the positioning by the constraint of the indoor environment. Hidden Markov model (HMM) is a popular model for map matching to treat locations as a sequence and refine them according to the connection of the indoor reference points and their neighbours. However, the traditional HMM-based method constructs the transition matrix just by the adjacent reference points in indoor environments. As the transition between the nonadjacent reference points is forbidden, the precision of the positioning is highly dependent on the interval size of the reference points. In this paper, we combine the long and short distances together to design a new transition matrix that considers both adjacent and nonadjacent transition. The probabilities of the transition matrix are assigned based on the distance between reference points. In the experiment, we evaluate our method in a complex indoor environment, which consists of various regions. The results indicate that our method is insensitive to the change of the moving speed and the interval size of the reference points, which affects the positioning error of the traditional methods significantly.
Synthesis of a Pyridoxine–Peptide Based Delivery System for Nucleotides (2007)

As a first step in the development of a nucleotide delivery system making use of oligopeptide permease, we have synthesized pyridoxine-peptide-nucleotide conjugates. The nucleotides are bonded on serine residues. The peptides terminate with a pyroglutamate residue. In the first example, the pyridoxine moiety is connected at the end of the peptides, while, in the second example, the pyridoxine moiety is bonded at an aspartic acid residue in a middle position of the peptide. Nucleotides are introduced as phosphoramidites. The synthetic strategy involves a series of protection, deprotection, and coupling reactions, and integrates peptide, nucleotide, and pyridoxine chemistry. The final deprotection step was carried out in basic conditions using 10% K2CO3 in MeOH.
High-Q mechanical tuning of MEMS resonators using a metal deposition - annealing technique (2005)

A method for coarse and fine mechanical frequency tuning of MEMS resonators is presented in this paper. Controlled material deposition onto microresonator top surfaces enables resonance frequency shifts toward higher or lower frequency, depending on the resonator structural materials. An analytical derivation is presented and experimental testing on single-crystal silicon resonator beams coated with gold demonstrates the viability of the method. Resonance frequency shifts over 11% with a tuning resolution of 90 Hz/nm of deposited metal are recorded. The performances of the tuned resonators are investigated and modeled. Metal deposition on SCS resonators revealed large Q-decreases, from 25,000 to 5,000. A post-tuning annealing step, at temperature <300/spl deg/C, is utilized to restore the initial high-Q of the resonators.
Rational design of soft mechanical metamaterials: Independent tailoring of elastic properties with randomness (2017)

The elastic properties of mechanical metamaterials are direct functions of their topological designs. Rational design approaches based on computational models could, therefore, be used to devise topological designs that result in the desired properties. It is of particular importance to independently tailor the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of metamaterials. Here, we present patterned randomness as a strategy for independent tailoring of both properties. Soft mechanical metamaterials incorporating various types of patterned randomness were fabricated using an indirect additive manufacturing technique and mechanically tested. Computational models were also developed to predict the topology-property relationship in a wide range of proposed topologies. The results of this study show that patterned randomness allows for independent tailoring of the elastic properties and covering a broad area of the elastic modulus-Poisson's ratio plane. The uniform and homogenous topologies constitute the boundaries of the covered area, while topological designs with patterned randomness fill the enclosed area.
HIDE Probes: A New Toolkit for Visualizing Organelle Dynamics, Longer and at Super-Resolution (2017)

Living cells are complex and dynamic assemblies that carefully sequester and orchestrate multiple diverse processes that enable growth, division, regulation, movement, and communication. Membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plasma membrane, and others are integral to these processes, and their functions demand dynamic reorganization in both space and time. Visualizing these dynamics in live cells over long time periods demands probes that label discrete organelles specifically, at high density, and withstand long-term irradiation. Here we describe the evolution of our work on the development of a set of high-density environmentally sensitive (HIDE) membrane probes that enable long-term, live-cell nanoscopy of the dynamics of multiple organelles in live cells using single-molecule switching and stimulated emission depletion imaging modalities.
A Unified Approach to Threat Assessment and Control for Automotive Active Safety (2013)

This paper presents the design of a novel active safety system preventing unintended roadway departures. The proposed framework unifies threat assessment, stability, and control of passenger vehicles into a single combined optimization problem. A nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) problem is formulated, where nonlinear vehicle dynamics, in closed-loop with a driver model, is used to optimize the steering and braking actions needed to keep the driver safe. A model of the driver's nominal behavior is estimated based on his observed behavior. The driver commands the vehicle, whereas the safety system corrects the driver's steering and braking actions in case there is a risk that the vehicle will unintentionally depart from the road. The resulting predictive controller is always active, and mode switching is not necessary. We show simulation results detailing the behavior of the proposed controller and experimental results obtained by implementing the proposed framework on embedded hardware in a passenger vehicle. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed controller to detect and avoid roadway departures while avoiding unnecessary interventions.
Integration of upgrading in the production of extra heavy crudes from the orinoco belt (1996)

Four heavy oil upgrading joint ventures with major oil players are currently being developed by Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA) affiliates. Their objective is to build integrated production-upgrading complexes to transform the low quality heavy oil from the Orinoco Belt into valuable synthetic crude oil (SCO). One of this joint ventures, a partnership between Corpoven, S.A. and ARCO International Oil and Gas Co., thoroughly evaluated the new HDH{trademark} hydroprocessing technology of Intevep, S.A. as an option to upgrade 99 API Hamaca extraheavy crude. This paper summarizes the characteristics and economics of an integrated worldscale production-upgrading complex based on the HDH{trademark} technology as compared to a similar complex based on the well known delayed coking process. It concludes that whenever high liquid yields and/or feedstock cost drives the process economics, HDH{trademark} can compite advantageously with these more conventional technologies. At present, Maraven, S.A., another PDVSA affiliate, is developing the first HDH{trademark} commercial unit, to be built in its Cardon Refinery. It is anticipated that the 100 m{sup 3}/h unit will be in operation by 1998, allowing the demonstration of the process, as well as further optimizations of the scheme, thereby improving its economic competitiveness. 2 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Optical studies of cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet single crystals (1984)

Single crystals of undoped and cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet have been pumped with laser radiation of 220- and 266-nm wavelength. A broadband defect emission at approximately 300 nm was observed, similar to that obtained with cathodoluminescence, although decreased in magnitude. Evidence of a transfer of energy from these defect states to the Ce+3 states was inferred from the photoluminescence decay time measurements. We have associated the absorption spectra from 200–300 nm with the defect excitation spectrum, including the peaks at 225 and 270 nm.