gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Structural and Computational Insights into Conformational Diseases (2008)

Protein aggregation correlates with the development of several deleterious human disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion-associated transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and type II diabetes. The polypeptides involved in these disorders may be globular proteins with a defined 3D-structure or natively unfolded proteins in their soluble conformations. In either case, proteins associated with these pathogeneses all aggregate into amyloid fibrils sharing a common structure, in which beta-strands of polypeptide chains are perpendicular to the fibril axis. Because of the prominence of amyloid deposits in many of these diseases, much effort has gone into elucidating the structural basis of protein aggregation. A number of recent experimental and theoretical studies have significantly increased our understanding of the process. On the one hand, solid-state NMR, X-ray crystallography and single molecule methods have provided us with the first high-resolution 3D structures of amyloids, showing that they exhibit conformational plasticity and are able to adopt different stable tertiary folds. On the other hand, several computational approaches have identified regions prone to aggregation in disease-linked polypeptides, predicted the differential aggregation propensities of their genetic variants and simulated the early, crucial steps in protein self-assembly. This review summarizes these findings and their therapeutic relevance, as by uncovering specific structural or sequential targets they may provide us with a means to tackle the debilitating diseases linked to protein aggregation.
Synthesis and Preservation of Polymer Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Applications (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Polymer Nanoparticles Production Production of Polymer Nanoparticles by Solvent Displacement Using Intensive Mixers Freeze-Drying of Nanoparticles Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgements
Aerothermodynamic Modeling for a "Mission Code" Approach to Hypersonic Flight (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3657.vid Experience has shown that, for high Mach Number flight through the Earth’s atmosphere, designers must consider aerothermodynamic effects early in the vehicle design process. As part of the quantification of a given design’s merit, we note that the “trajectory analysis” approach to flight trajectory design and optimization involve resource intensive three degrees-of-freedom and/or six degrees-of-freedom analysis. Here, we propose a new approach that leverages the knowledge and experience obtained from the commonly applied evaluation method for lower Mach Number vehicles of using a “Mission Analysis” technique to quickly quantify a hypersonic vehicle’s trajectory performance. This paper describes the implementation of an aircraft style “Mission Analysis” code emphasizing aerothermodynamic modeling and performance prediction capabilities for hypersonic vehicles traveling within the Earth’s atmosphere. This new program quickly executes and is compatible with current Multi-Disciplinary Optimization schemes. Comparisons to North American X-15 flight test datasets demonstrate the validity of an application of this method.
<title>The Paths To Subhalf-Micrometer Optical Lithography</title> (1988)

The limitations of subhalf-micrometer optical lithography in depth of focus, field size, and overlay accuracy, are discussed. The existing depth of focus budget as well as those for the near and the ultimate future are given. The optical depth of focus is explored in the point of view of microlithographers and means to overcome the depth of focus limit are suggested. Field size requirement of projected IC products is compared with the capability of known and projected optical systems followed with a discussion on methods to overcome the field size limit. The configuration of imaging optics is characterized and discussed by 1X versus reduction systems, refractive versus catadioptric and reflective systems, step-and-repeat versus step-and-scan systems. Overlay accuracy is discussed in terms of off-axis versus through-the-lens alignment, bright-field versus dark-field, actinic versus nonactinic alignment, followed with an overlay budget outlining the specification of the contributors to alignment errors. If all speculations are fulfilled, it is feasible to consider 0.18 &mu;m resolution with 0.07 &mu;m overlay.
Design and analysis of an image-based ACC controller (2011)

It is an important aim to reduce the cost of driver assistance systems to bring their benefit in safety and comfort to as many drivers as possible. A single camera used as an environmental sensor has the potential for a significant cost reduction. Based on the currently available camera and image processing technology this work evaluates how the portfolio of the camera based assistance systems can be expanded by an ACC function. By transferring the method of image-based controlling from robotic to distance control of vehicles, a known controller for radar systems is adapted to the characteristics of the camera. The detailed analysis of the resulting controller shows the influence of the controller parameters on different aspects of the system behavior.
A Widely Tunable Full Duplex Transceiver Combining Electrical Balance Isolation and Active Analog Cancellation (2015)

Electrical balance duplexers can provide high transmit-to-receive isolation whilst facilitating transmission and reception from a single antenna, can be implemented on-chip, and are widely tunable, making this an attractive technology for implementing full duplex architectures in small form factor devices. This paper presents measurements from a novel hardware prototype full-duplex transceiver architecture combining electrical balance and active analog cancellation. The prototype duplexer achieves >80dB transmit-to-receive isolation over a 20MHz bandwidth at both 890MHz and 1890MHz, exceeding the performance of antenna separation architectures where the antenna isolation is limited to the levels achievable in hand held devices.
Interactive multiresolution hair modeling and editing (2002)

Human hair modeling is a difficult task. This paper presents a constructive hair modeling system with which users can sculpt a wide variety of hairstyles. Our Multiresolution Hair Modeling (MHM) system is based on the observed tendency of adjacent hair strands to form clusters at multiple scales due to static attraction. In our system, initial hair designs are quickly created with a small set of hair clusters. Refinements at finer levels are achieved by subdividing these initial hair clusters. Users can edit an evolving model at any level of detail, down to a single hair strand. High level editing tools support curling, scaling, and copy/paste, enabling users to rapidly create widely varying hairstyles. Editing ease and model realism are enhanced by efficient hair rendering, shading, antialiasing, and shadowing algorithms.
Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonism on Cerebral Vasomotor Reserve in Humans (2003)

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have been reported to modulate cerebrovascular flow in animals. We applied frequency-domain techniques to explore whether angiotensin II receptor activity plays a role in cerebrovascular dynamics in humans. Essential hypertensive patients with (AIIA, n = 10) and without (HT, n = 10) an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (Volsartane) and healthy with matched (CON, n = 10) and younger (YOUNG, n = 10) ages were enrolled. They underwent measurement of middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAFV) by transcranial Doppler ultrasound and noninvasive beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure (ABP). Fluctuations in ABP and MCAFV were diffracted into high-frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz), low-frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz), and very low-frequency (VLF, 0.016-0.04 Hz) components. The mean age did not statistically significantly differ among the CON, HT, and AIIA groups. HT had significantly higher mean ABP, lower LF fluctuations of ABP and MCAFV, but similar ABP-MCAFV transfer magnitude compared with CON. HF transfer magnitude of AIIA was significantly higher than those of HT and CON, but similar to that of YOUNG. We conclude that the elderly with chronic essential hypertension has a suppressive effect on cerebral vasomotor reserve, in which angiotensin II receptor activity may play an active role.
Simultaneous differential staining of nucleic acids, proteins, conjugated proteins and polar lipids by a cationic carbocyanine dye. (1975)

The multiple interactions of the cationic carbocyanine dye, 1-ethyl-naptho-[1,2d]thiazolin-2-ylidene)-2-methylpropenyl]naptho[1,2d]thiazolium bromide, 'Stains-described. Many of these substances could be distinguished from one another on the basis of color in conjunction with chemical and enzymatic digestions. Further studies with this dye have shown that under certain conditions polar lipids as well may be distinguished from these substances. Stains-all has a highly sensitive metachromatic reaction for the presence of polar lipids. It is possible to detect the lipids in large part because they are green and contrast with a red- or pink-stained protein background and with the blue-purple of nuclei or cartilage. Where other green substances occur as in sialoglycoproteins of mucous or membranes, the lipids can be distinguished because they are extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) or pyridine.
Fetal Reconstructive Surgery (1995)

A recent study in human fetuses with myelomeningocele produced evidence that nonclosure of the spine leads to progressive damage of the exposed spinal cord during pregnancy. Thus in utero coverage might spare function. We tested the use of the latissimus dorsi flap for fetal myelomeningocele repair. In seven sheep fetuses, a lumbar myelomeningocele type of lesion was created at 75 days' gestation and was covered with a "reversed" latissimus dorsi flap at 100 days. At term, the three survivors had healed cutaneous wounds and normal hindlimb function. The vascular pedicle of the latissimus dorsi flap was patent, the viable flap covered the entire lesion, and the underlying spinal cord was grossly intact. We conclude that the latissimus dorsi flap repair is suitable for fetal surgery and provides efficient coverage of the lesion. These results have clinical implications, since fetal myelomeningocele repair may be a compelling way to reduce the severe neurologic deficit in humans.
Radiology and COVID-19 (2020)

Within a few short months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the globe, affecting at least 10.5 million people in more than 210 countries and territories, with over 500 000 deaths reported. 1 As a result of the collective effort of the medical community and the general public, the number of confirmed cases in Hong Kong and the local mortality rate were kept at a low level relative to many other parts of the world.
Hepatocyte‐Based Metabolism, Drug–Drug Interaction, and Toxicity Assays in Drug Discovery and Drug Development to Minimize Attrition (2015)

Abstract Primary human hepatocytes are generally considered the “gold standard” for in vitro evaluation of human drug metabolism, drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), and hepatotoxicity. Successful cryopreservation to retain high viability and plateability (ability to be cultured) allows human hepatocytes to be used routinely for experimentation. Assays developed with human hepatocytes include metabolic stability, metabolite profiling, P450 inhibition, P450 induction, and in vitro hepatotoxicity. These assays are routinely used in drug development to minimize metabolic and safety liability of new chemical entities (NCEs).
Abstract 3107: HSB-1216, A Novel Agent for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Resistant ES-SCLC (2021)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant form of lung cancer that accounts for 15% of lung cancer cases. The tumor has a tendency to disseminate early resulting in ~ 85% patients being diagnosed with extensive stage disease (ES-SCLC). Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for many decades, until recently when immunotherapeutic agents have been approved as first-line agents. However, resistance to anti-cancer drugs represents the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Thus, new therapeutic approach to suppress chemotherapy-resistant ES-SCLC constitutes a significant unmet medical need. We have generated novel biodegradable QUATRAMERTM polymeric nanoparticles comprised of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polypropylene glycol (PPG)-PEG- polylactic acid (PLA)-tetra-block copolymer for the intracellular delivery of salinomycin (HSB-1216). Here we studied the HSB-1216 activity in a resistant SCLC cell line (NCI-H69AR). Compared to cisplatin and irinotecan, a second-line agent often used in ES-SCLC, HSB-1216 exhibited a ~7-fold and ~2-fold decrease in IC50in the aggressive and resistant variant of NCI-H69AR cell line and ~30-fold and ~18-fold decrease in a non-resistant NCI-H69 SCLC line. The tumorsphere formation assay has become an essential tool for quantifying cancer stem cells (CSC) and testing of anti-cancer agents. We used this assay to estimate an effect of HSB-1216 on NCI-H69AR tumorspheres .Our results demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of tumorosphere formation in response to HSB-1216. In addition, exposure to HSB-1216 resulted in substantial decrease in number of CD44+/CD24- cells in comparison to untreated control. Furthermore, significant reduction in the expression of CSC markers such as ALDH1 and Oct3/Oct4 was seen when chemotherapy-resistant NCI-H69AR cells were treated with HSB-1216.Taken together, based on these findings, HSB-1216 is being developed as a novel agent in the treatment of second-line ES-SCLC in chemo-resistant tumors, where a gap exists in current standards of care. Further work of this novel agent is planned to outline its effect when combined with targeted and non-targeted therapies in both first- and third-line SCLC. Citation Format: Anees Mohammad, Sachchidanand Tiwari, Neha Mehrotra, Bozena Korczak, Steve Laumas, Sireesh Appajosyula, Harpal Singh, Surender M. Kharbanda. HSB-1216, A Novel Agent for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Resistant ES-SCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3107.
A CMOS vision chip with SIMD processing element array for 1 ms image processing (2003)

Conventional image processing systems use a video signal as a transmission signal between an image sensor and image processor. The video rate, however, is not fast enough for some applications such as visual feedback for robot control, automobiles, gesture recognition for human interfaces, high speed visual inspection, microscope image processing, and so on. For such applications, the video signal, which is a time-multiplexed signal of pixel data using scanning circuits, is a bottleneck of conventional image processing systems. The key to the realization of high speed and flexible image processing beyond the video signal rate is to remove the bottleneck of data transfer and implement general purpose functionality. In other words, a fully parallel architecture with generality of processing should be adopted instead of scanning circuits. This CMOS vision chip has massively parallel processing elements integrated with photodetectors. These chips have a SIMD massively parallel processing architecture with each processing element (PE) connected to a photodetector (PD) without scanning circuits.
Resolution of the Maxwell equations in a domain with reentrant corners (1998)

In the case when the computational domain is a polygon with reentrant corners, we give a dcomposition of the solution of Maxwell's quations into the sum of a regular part and a singular part It is proved that the space to which the singular part belongs is spanned by the solutions of a steady state problem The prcise regulanty of the solution is given depending on the angle of the reentrant corners The mathematical dcomposition is then used to introduc an algonthm for the numerical resolution of Maxwell's quations in prsence of reentrant corners This paper is a continuation ofthe work exposed in
Integrated optical demultiplexer based on the SiO2—SiON waveguide structure (2005)

An integrated optical demultiplexer based on the SiO2—SiON waveguide structure and operating in the wavelength range of 1.5 μm is fabricated. The demultiplexer chip has a size 10×10 mm. The parameters of the optical scheme of the device are presented, the technology of its fabrication is described, and the results of measurement of working parameters are given. It is shown that the crosstalk between communication channels (K = 8) does not exceed -25 dB. The operation of the demultiplexer as a selective reflecting mirror is demonstrated. It is shown that it can be used for constructing multifrequency lasers for fibreoptic communication systems.
Amidrazones. I. Methylation of some amidrazones and hydrazide imides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmidrazones. I. Methylation of some amidrazones and hydrazide imidesRichard Frederick Smith, Donald S. Johnson, Carol L. Hyde, Thomas C. Rosenthal, and Alvin C. BatesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 8, 1155–1158Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00807a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00807a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement of the imaging resolution for a Compton camera by determination of the interaction depth in a 25-segmented germanium detector (2007)

The imaging resolution in a Compton camera depends mainly on the position uncertainty, which is affected by the size of electrodes in a detector. Therefore, if any other method is not used for the reduction of the position uncertainty, the imaging resolution is limited by the size of electrodes. Recently, we have developed a Compton camera consisting of a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSD) and a 25-segmented germanium detector (25-SEGD). The 25-SEGD has an active volume of 5 × 5 × 2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . We have performed measurement for determination of the interaction depth in the 25-SEGD using the pulse shape analysis. After getting a rise-time correlation between the anode and the segment, we obtained a relation formula between the rise-time of the detector signal and the depth derived from the decay equation of gamma-ray in the detector. This decay formula has been used for the determination of interaction depth. As a result of applying the relation function to image reconstruction, we could improve the imaging resolution.
Optimised microwave-assisted synthesis of methylcarbonate salts: a convenient methodology to prepare intermediates for ionic liquid libraries (2009)

The reaction of 1-butylpyrrolidine with dimethyl carbonate to yield the ionic liquid precursor, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium methylcarbonate, has been investigated under microwave heating conditions and the reaction parameters optimised to achieve 100% yield of the pyrrolidinium salt with no by-products in under 1 h. The reactions of tributylamine, trioctylphosphine, and 1-butylimidazole with dimethyl carbonate under comparable conditions have also been evaluated, yielding the corresponding methylcarbonate salts which can be used as intermediates for the preparation of halide-free ionic liquids without generating any undesirable salt wastes.
Emerging Graphene-Based Electronics (2022)

Formerly, researchers have reported on the self-healing phenomenon of graphene for in-situ cracks. The self-healing phenomenon has been found to hold true not only in pristine sheets but even in the presence of defects like a single vacancy in a graphene sheet. The cracks which propagated throughout the width of the graphene sheet also healed once the load was relaxed. This chapter summarizes the research undertaken on the self-healing phenomenon in graphene and its corresponding application in the phenomenon of sub-nano sensor design. The chapter also gives an overview of the phenomenon of magnetic phase transitions (MPTs) detected under the collective impact of an electric field (E) and temperature (T), leading to a thermo-electromagnetic effect on a pristine single-layer zigzag graphene nanoribbon (szGNR), which provides an insight into the intrinsic MPTs in graphene. This chapter gives an overview of such emerging applications of graphene, i.e., developing sub-nano sensors, graphene-based spin-transfer torque magneto-resistive random-access memory, quantum computing devices, magnonics, and spintronic memory application.
What is known about the action of dihydroergotamine on the vasculature in man? (1984)

The vasoconstrictor activity of dihydroergotamine is long-lasting and independent from continuously elevated plasma levels. There is evidence that dihydroergotamine accumulates at the vascular smooth muscle cells and elicits venoconstriction through both stimulation of 5-HT receptors as well as sensitization of the venous smooth muscle to the constrictor activity of biogenic amines. In vivo, the vasoconstrictor activity of dihydroergotamine is probably modulated through vasoactive metabolites, i.e., the vasoconstrictor profile and efficacy obviously varies with the ratio of the parent drug and dihydroergotamine metabolites in plasma.
Requirimientos de fosfolipidos en larvas y poslarvas de peces con especial enfasis en la fosfatidilcolina y el fosfatidilinositol (2000)

International audience
AEM and AES of radiation-induced segregation in proton-irradiated stainless steels (1994)

Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of stainless steels has been attributed in part to radiation-induced segregation (RIS) of both major alloying and impurity elements at grain boundaries. There are phenomenological similarities observed between IASCC and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of thermally-sensitized stainless steels. One concern for both IGSCC and IASCC is the localized loss of corrosion resistance associated with chromium depletion at grain boundaries. In order to avoid complications related to the long-term, induced radioactivity of neutron-irradiated specimens, four type 304L alloys were irradiated to 1 dpa (displacements per atom) with 3.4 MeV protons at 400°C. Both analytical electron microscopy (AEM) in a Philips EM400T/FEG and Auger electron spectrometry (AES) in a Perkin Elmer (PHI) 660 were employed to measure composition at or near grain boundaries in unirradiated and irradiated specimens of four controlled purity alloys [ultra-high purity (UHP), UHP+S (0.03 at.%), UHP+P (0.08 at.%), and UHP+Si (0.87 at.%)]. A sufficient number of boundaries were analyzed via AEM and AES to result in the standard deviation of the mean boundary composition of less than -0.5 at.%. Further experimental details are presented elsewhere.