gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of calcium-activated bifunctional peptidase of the psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus. (2005)

The protease purified from Bacillus cereus JH108 has the function of leucine specific endopeptidase. When measured by hydrolysis of synthetic substrate (N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-p-nitroanilide), the enzyme activity exhibited optimal activity at pH 9.0, 60 degrees C. The endopeptidase activity was stimulated by Ca++, Co++, Mn++, Mg++, and Ni++, and was inhibited by metal chelating agents such as EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, and EGTA. Addition of serine protease inhibitor, PMSF, resulted in the elimination of the activity. The endopeptidase activity was fully recovered from the inhibition of EDTA by the addition of 1 mM Ca++, and was partially restored by Co++ and Mn++, indicating that the enzyme was stabilized and activated by divalent cations and has a serine residue at the active site. Addition of Ca++ increased the pH and heat stability of endopeptidase activity. These results show that endopeptidase requires calcium ions for activity and/or stability. A Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis indicated that the Km value of endopeptidase is 0.315 mM and Vmax is 0.222 mmol of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-p-nitroanilide per min. Bestatin was shown to act as a competitive inhibitor to the endopeptidase activity.
The Cytoplasmic Tail of α1,2-Fucosyltransferase Contains a Sequence for Golgi Localization (2001)

The Golgi apparatus has a central role in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. There is a sequential addition of carbohydrates by glycosyltransferases that are distributed within the Golgi in the order in which the glycosylation occurs. The mechanism of glycosyltransferase retention is considered to involve their transmembrane domains and flanking regions, although we have shown that the cytoplasmic tail of alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase is important for its Golgi localization. Here we show that the removal of the alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase cytoplasmic tail altered its function of fucosylation and its localization site. When the tail was removed, the enzyme moved from the Golgi to the trans Golgi network, suggesting that the transmembrane is responsible for retention and that the cytoplasmic tail is responsible for localization. The cytoplasmic tail of alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase contains 8 amino acids (MWVPSRRH), and mutating these to alanine indicated a role for amino acids 3 to 7 in localization with a particular role of Ser(5). Mutagenesis of Ser(5) to amino acids containing an hydroxyl (Tyr and Thr) demonstrated that the hydroxyl at position 5 is important. Thus, the cytoplasmic tail, and especially a single amino acid, has a predominant role in the localization and thus the function of alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase.
Myonuclear alterations associated with exercise are independent of age in humans (2023)

Age-related decline in skeletal muscle structure and function can be mitigated by regular exercise. However, the precise mechanisms that govern this are not fully understood. The nucleus plays an active role in translating forces into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction), with the nuclear lamina protein lamin A regulating nuclear shape, nuclear mechanics and ultimately gene expression. Defective lamin A expression causes muscle pathologies and premature ageing syndromes, but the roles of nuclear structure and function in physiological ageing and in exercise adaptations remain obscure. Here, we isolated single muscle fibres and carried out detailed morphological and functional analyses on myonuclei from young and older exercise-trained individuals. Strikingly, myonuclei from trained individuals were more spherical, less deformable, and contained a thicker nuclear lamina than those from untrained individuals. Complementary to this, exercise resulted in increased levels of lamin A and increased myonuclear stiffness in mice. We conclude that exercise is associated with myonuclear remodelling, independently of age, which may contribute to the preservative effects of exercise on muscle function throughout the lifespan. KEY POINTS: The nucleus plays an active role in translating forces into biochemical signals. Myonuclear aberrations in a group of muscular dystrophies called laminopathies suggest that the shape and mechanical properties of myonuclei are important for maintaining muscle function. Here, striking differences are presented in myonuclear shape and mechanics associated with exercise, in both young and old humans. Myonuclei from trained individuals were more spherical, less deformable and contained a thicker nuclear lamina than untrained individuals. It is concluded that exercise is associated with age-independent myonuclear remodelling, which may help to maintain muscle function throughout the lifespan.
Output-based method of applying PESQ to measure the perceptual quality of framed speech signals (2004)

A well-known objective method of speech quality measurement is the ITU-T P.862 PESQ. This input/output-based method of perceptual quality evaluation operates on a transmitted (input) and received (output) speech signal to compute an objective perceptual quality score for the received signal. In this paper, we present F-PESQ, a novel output-based method of applying PESQ to received speech signals assumed to be coded in a framed format. It enables the application of PESQ to voice calls in networks without requiring knowledge of the transmitted signals. As such, it may be applied in vivo to voice calls at end-devices. The accuracy of F-PESQ is evaluated with analysis and simulations of frame loss with G.711, G.723, and G.729 codecs. A client/server architecture is presented for minimizing the computational requirements that F-PESQ imposes on end-devices. We also show how F-PESQ can be combined with the ITU-T G.I 07 E-model in a MOSC (conversational mean opinion score) measurement method that accounts for additional factors such as round-trip delay.
Ubiquitous device personalization and use (2007)

Service usage in emerging ubiquitous environments includes seamless and personalized usage of public and private devices discovered in the vicinity of a user. In our work, we describe an architecture for device discovery, device configuration, and the transfer of active sessions between devices. The presented architecture uses the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as a standardized, widely used signaling protocol for IP-based multimedia services. Our solution includes support of simple existing devices, split of sessions between devices, user-control of location-based behavior, and handling of security and privacy concerns. We present the implementation and show the feasibility of our work with analytical evaluation and measurements.
Scalable multimedia hardware for distributed conferencing systems (1994)

This paper describes our work at the University of Sussex in the field of multimedia conferencing. Our research is directed towards a novel scalable architecture using a modular hardware and software approach. The Sussex multimedia architecture supports distributed multimedia servers and multiple video channels in a windows environment. A key element of the Sussex multimedia architecture is the MEDIA (Multimedia Environment and Display Integrated Architecture) ASIC. MEDIA provides 2-D graphics functions to support full motion video decompression, image transformation and high resolution display control. MEDIA is the result of current research carried out by the University of Sussex as part of SMILE (SPARC Macrocell and Interface Library Elements). The SMILE project is one of the co-ordinated set of projects, executed within ESPRIT III which are part of the Open Microprocessor systems Initiative (OMI).
Effect of a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent on the drug metabolizing activity of the human liver. (1984)

Results of animal experiments indicate that indomethacin has a marked inhibitory effect on the activity of the hepatic microsomal mixed function monooxygenase (MFO) enzyme system. In order to verify this effect of indomethacin in humans, the authors studied antipyrine kinetics and D-glucaric acid excretion in 14 patients before and after 7 days treatment with two different doses of the drug. In contrast to the results obtained from animal experiments, there was no change in the activity of MFO in man. This can possibly be explained by species difference.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of MDL-035 in the Plasma of Rats, Dogs and Humans (1984)

Abstract A sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic method was set up for the assay of MDL-035, a new non-steroidal, nonacidic analgesic antiinflammatory agent, in the plasma of rats, dogs and humans. Plasma samples (0.5ml) containing flurazepam as the internal standard, were diluted and extracted with ethyl ether. After centrifugation, the organic phase was taken to dryness, the residue was redissolved and injected into an RP-2 column. The elution was made in isocratic conditions using a CH.CN/phosphate buffer solution as mobile phase. The UV detection was made at 320 nm. The method was validated for the concentration range from 0.05 to 10 ug/ml, and applied to pharmacokinetic studies. A typical plasma concentration-time profile in the rat after an oral administration is here presented.
MODELING THE PROPAGATION OF ELASTIC WAVES IN GENERALLY ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS AND AUSTENITIC STEEL WELDS (2008)

The inspection of welds composed of austenitic steels is difficult because these materials tend to form large, elongated anisotropic grains whose specific structure within welds is unknown. These grains are responsible for beam‐steering of ultrasound. The paper presents software developed to predict wave interaction at an interface between generally anisotropic media and to trace rays through a previously published model of a multipass metal arc weld. Results involving a crack defect are compared to those of finite element simulations and reasons for differences are discussed.
Electron temperature measurement of Argon discharge in a streaming neutral gas injection hollow cathode using optical emission spectroscopy (2011)

The optical emission spectra of argon discharges both in normal and contracted glow discharges in a streaming neutral gas injection hollow cathode system have been measured. The electron temperatures for both modes were calculated from the emission spectra using the corresponding Boltzmann plots. The electron temperatures for normal and contracted glow discharges are found to be at 0.54 eV and 0.45 eV respectively for the 10 mA discharge and 0.77 eV and 0.35 eV for the normal and contracted modes of the 50 mA discharge. Results are consistent with typical temperature values for d.c. glow discharges produced under low pressure and low power with the contracted glow discharge producing a relatively lower electron temperature than the normal glow discharge.
MIRank-KNN: multiple-instance retrieval of clinically relevant diabetic retinopathy images (2017)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a consequence of diabetes and is the leading cause of blindness among 18- to 65-year-old adults. Regular screening is critical to early detection and treatment of DR. Computer-aided diagnosis has the potential of improving the practice in DR screening or diagnosis. An automated and unsupervised approach for retrieving clinically relevant images from a set of previously diagnosed fundus camera images for improving the efficiency of screening and diagnosis of DR is presented. Considering that DR lesions are often localized, we propose a multiclass multiple-instance framework for the retrieval task. Considering the special visual properties of DR images, we develop a feature space of a modified color correlogram appended with statistics of steerable Gaussian filter responses selected by fast radial symmetric transform points. Experiments with real DR images collected from five different datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to outperform existing methods.
Optimized edge appearance probability for cooperative localization based on tree-reweighted nonparametric belief propagation (2011)

Nonparametric belief propagation (NBP) is a well-known particle-based method for distributed inference in wireless networks. NBP has a large number of applications, including cooperative localization. However, in loopy networks NBP suffers from similar problems as standard BP, such as over-confident beliefs and possible non-convergence. Tree-reweighted NBP (TRW-NBP) can mitigate these problems, but does not easily lead to a distributed implementation due to the non-local nature of the required so-called edge appearance probabilities. In this paper, we propose a variation of TRW-NBP, suitable for cooperative localization in wireless networks. Our algorithm uses a fixed edge appearance probability for every edge, and can outperform standard NBP in dense wireless networks.
Ultrasound tomography system using transmission and reflection mode with electronic scanning (1992)

An ultrasound tomography system has been developed to measure cross-sectional images using both transmission and conventional reflection mode. With the existing technology the combination of ultrasound techniques is useful to improve the quality of image and their diagnostic value. The additional tissue-specific informations of quantitative transmission images increase the diagnostic accuracy over that obtained by puis echo imaging only.
Catalytic Mechanisms of Direct Pyrrole Synthesis via Dehydrogenative Coupling Mediated by PNP-Ir or PNN-Ru Pincer Complexes: Crucial Role of Proton-Transfer Shuttles in the PNP-Ir System (2014)

Kempe et al. and Milstein et al. have recently advanced the dehydrogenative coupling methodology to synthesize pyrroles from secondary alcohols (e.g., 3) and β-amino alcohols (e.g., 4), using PNP-Ir (1) and PNN-Ru (2) pincer complexes, respectively. We herein present a DFT study to characterize the catalytic mechanism of these reactions. After precatalyst activation to give active 1A/2A, the transformation proceeds via four stages: 1A/2A-catalyzed alcohol (3) dehydrogenation to give ketone (11), base-facilitated C-N coupling of 11 and 4 to form an imine-alcohol intermediate (18), base-promoted cyclization of 18, and catalyst regeneration via H2 release from 1R/2R. For alcohol dehydrogenations, the bifunctional double hydrogen-transfer pathway is more favorable than that via β-hydride elimination. Generally, proton-transfer (H-transfer) shuttles facilitate various H-transfer processes in both systems. Notwithstanding, H-transfer shuttles play a much more crucial role in the PNP-Ir system than in the PNN-Ru system. Without H-transfer shuttles, the key barriers up to 45.9 kcal/mol in PNP-Ir system are too high to be accessible, while the corresponding barriers (<32.0 kcal/mol) in PNN-Ru system are not unreachable. Another significant difference between the two systems is that the addition of alcohol to 1A giving an alkoxo complex is endergonic by 8.1 kcal/mol, whereas the addition to 2A is exergonic by 8.9 kcal/mol. The thermodynamic difference could be the main reason for PNP-Ir system requiring lower catalyst loading than the PNN-Ru system. We discuss how the differences are resulted in terms of electronic and geometric structures of the catalysts and how to use the features in catalyst development.
Solar spectrum rectification using nano-antennas and tunneling diodes (2010)

Our goal is to develop a rectifying antenna (rectenna) applicable to solar spectrum energy harvesting. In particular, we aim to demonstrate viable techniques for converting portion of the solar spectrum not efficiently converted to electric power by current photovoltaic approaches. Novel design guidelines are suggested for rectifying antenna coupled tunneling diodes. We propose a new geometric field enhancement scheme in antenna coupled tunneling diodes that uses surface plasmon resonances. For this purpose, we have successfully implemented a planar tunneling diode with polysilion/SiO<sub>2</sub>/polysilcon structure. An antenna coupled asymmetric tunneling diode is developed with a pointed triangle electrode for geometric field enhancement. The geometrically asymmetric tunneling diode shows a unique asymmetric tunneling current versus voltage characteristic. Through comparison with crossover tunneling diodes, we verified that the current asymmetry is not from the work function difference between the two electrodes. Results of RF rectification tests using the asymmetric diode demonstrate that our approach is practical for energy harvesting application. Furthermore, we describe how surface plasmons can enhance the electric field across the tunnel junction, lowering the effective "turn-on" voltage of the diode, further improving rectification efficiency.
Monomers for adhesive polymers. XV. Synthesis, photopolymerization, and adhesive properties of polymerizable β-ketophosphonic acids (2014)

The novel polymerizable β-ketophosphonic acids 4, 8, 10, and 16 as well as the 9-(methacryloyloxy)-nonylphosphonic acid 20 were synthesized in four to eight steps. They were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and by high-resolution mass spectra. The free-radical polymerization of 4, 8, 10, and 16 was carried out in a water/ethanol solution, using 2,2′-azo(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride as initiator. To evaluate the reactivity of the acidic monomers 4, 8, 10, 16, and 20, their photopolymerization behavior was investigated by photodifferential scanning calorimeter. Copolymerizations with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycol dimethacrylate, and N,N′-diethyl-1,3-bis-(acrylamido)propane were studied. The homopolymerization of the corresponding β-ketophosphonates and their copolymerization with hydroxyethyl methacrylate were also carried out. Self-etch adhesives based on the β-ketophosphonic acids 4, 8, 10, and 16 were able to provide high shear bond strengths (SBSs) of dimethacrylate-based composite to dentin and enamel. The β-ketophosphonic acid 8 was also shown to exhibit significantly better adhesive properties than the corresponding phosphonic acid 20. Indeed, the presence of the carbonyl moiety in the β-position of the phosphonic acid group led to a strong improvement of the composite SBS to dentin and enamel. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3550–3563
Prestressed flat slabs (1966)

Prestressed flat slab construction has developed by experience in the field, and has been based more on intuitive design than on established theory. Working stress analysis is seen to fall short in providing a useful or reliable basis for the determination of satisfactory performance and strength. A systematic procedure based on load balancing and yield-line theories is suggested. The importance of the shearstrength and flexural capacity of slab-to-column connections is stressed, with particular reference to seismic forces.
Learning to Predict Error for MRI Reconstruction (2020)

In healthcare applications, predictive uncertainty has been used to assess predictive accuracy. In this paper, we demonstrate that predictive uncertainty estimated by the current methods does not highly correlate with prediction error by decomposing the latter into random and systematic errors, and showing that the former is equivalent to the variance of the random error. In addition, we observe that current methods unnecessarily compromise performance by modifying the model and training loss to estimate the target and uncertainty jointly. We show that estimating them separately without modifications improves performance. Following this, we propose a novel method that estimates the target labels and magnitude of the prediction error in two steps. We demonstrate this method on a large-scale MRI reconstruction task, and achieve significantly better results than the state-of-the-art uncertainty estimation methods.
BCI Signal Processing: Feature Extraction (2012)

The purpose of a brain-computer interface (BCI) is to detect and quantify characteristics of brain signals that indicate what the user wants the BCI to do, to translate these measurements in real time into the desired device commands, and to provide concurrent feedback to the user. The brain-signal characteristics used for this purpose are called signal features, or simply features. Feature extraction is the process of distinguishing the pertinent signal characteristics from extraneous content and representing them in a compact and/or meaningful form, amenable to interpretation by a human or computer. This chapter focuses on feature extraction. It begins with an overview of some basic principles of digital signal processing and a discussion of common techniques used to enhance signals prior to feature extraction. It then covers method selection, typical processing protocols, and major established methods for BCI feature extraction.
Understanding LDAP (1998)

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a fast-growing technology for accessing common directory information. LDAP has been embraced and implemented in most network-oriented middleware. As an open, vendor-neutral standard, LDAP provides an extendable architecture for centralized storage and management of information that needs to be available for today's distributed systems and services. After a fast start, it can be assumed that LDAP has become the de facto access method for directory information, much the same as the Domain Name System (DNS) is used for IP address look-up on almost any system on an intranet and on the Internet. LDAP is currently supported in most network operating systems, groupware and even shrink-wrapped network applications. This redbook was written for those readers who need to understand the basic principles and concepts of LDAP. Some background knowledge about heterogeneous, distributed systems is assumed and is highly beneficial when reading this book. Because this book is not meant to be an LDAP implementation guide, it does not contain product-related or vendor-specific information other than that used in examples.
Behavioral Responses of the Gypsy Moth1in a Wind Tunnel to Air-Borne Enantiomers of Disparlure2 (1979)

Journal Article Behavioral Responses of the Gypsy Moth in a Wind Tunnel to Air-Borne Enantiomers of Disparlure Get access R. T. Cardé, R. T. Cardé Department of Entomology and Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. E. Hagaman T. E. Hagaman Department of Entomology and Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 8, Issue 3, 1 June 1979, Pages 475–484, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/8.3.475 Published: 01 June 1979 Article history Received: 20 May 1978 Published: 01 June 1979
Differential expression of microRNAs and other small RNAs in muscle tissue of patients with ALS and healthy age-matched controls (2018)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a late-onset disorder primarily affecting motor neurons and leading to progressive and lethal skeletal muscle atrophy. Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), can serve as important regulators of gene expression and can act both globally and in a tissue-/cell-type-specific manner. In muscle, miRNAs called myomiRs govern important processes and are deregulated in various disorders. Several myomiRs have shown promise for therapeutic use in cellular and animal models of ALS; however, the exact miRNA species differentially expressed in muscle tissue of ALS patients remain unknown. Following small RNA-Seq, we compared the expression of small RNAs in muscle tissue of ALS patients and healthy age-matched controls. The identified snoRNAs, mtRNAs and other small RNAs provide possible molecular links between insulin signaling and ALS. Furthermore, the identified miRNAs are predicted to target proteins that are involved in both normal processes and various muscle disorders and indicate muscle tissue is undergoing active reinnervation/compensatory attempts thus providing targets for further research and therapy development in ALS.