gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The construction flagperson: A target for injury (1998)

A road construction 'flagger' is a construction crew member whose responsibility it is to safely co-ordinate vehicle traffic through road worksites. Flaggers are suffering injuries and fatalities at the worksite as a result of being struck by moving vehicles, both construction and commuter. These incidents are largely preventable with a more defensive flagger training programme. A cross-Canada provincial survey of occupational health and safety organizations revealed no national co-ordination and standardization in flagperson training. Statistics concerning flagger injury and fatality are disjointed and incomplete, and as such are not useful for evaluating and validating training and job performance. We recommend a revisiting of flagperson training standards and that greater effort is taken in gathering data specifically on flagger injuries and fatalities.
Involvement of MyD88 in Host Defense and the Down-Regulation of Anti–Heat Shock Protein 70 Autoantibody Formation by MyD88 in Toxoplasma gondii–Infected Mice (2002)

This study investigated the influence of TLR (toll-like receptor)4, TLR2, and MyD88 in Toxoplasma gondii-infected wild-type (WT) mice and TLR4-, TLR2-, and MyD88-deficient mice. Ninety-five percent of MyD88-deficient mice died 10-16 days after intraperitoneal infection with 100 cysts of T. gondii Fukaya strain, whereas 95-100% of TLR4- and TLR2-deficient mice and WT C57BL/6 (B6) mice survived for more than 7 wk after T. gondii infection. The distribution of T. gondii in various organs of TLR4-, TLR2-, and MyD88-deficient mice and WT B6 mice was assessed 2 wk after T. gondii intraperitoneal infection using quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction. In MyD88-deficient mice, high levels of T. gondii load were observed in the brain, tongue, heart, lungs, spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, and kidneys after infection. The T. gondii load was significantly increased in the lungs in both TLR4- and TLR2-deficient mice compared with WT B6 mice. High levels of anti-mouse heat shock protein (mHSP)70 autoantibody and anti-T. gondii HSP70 antibody production were detected in the sera from MyD88-deficient mice.
Human basophil/mast cell releasability. IX. Heterogeneity of the effects of opioids on mediator release. (1992)

Opioids differ in their capacity to cause release of histamine. The effects of increasing concentrations of three opioids (morphine, buprenorphine, and fentanyl) were studied on the release of preformed (histamine and tryptase) and de novo synthesized (prostaglandin D2 [PGD2] and peptide-leukotriene C4 [LTC4]) chemical mediators from human peripheral blood basophils and mast cells isolated from skin tissues or lung parenchyma. Basophils released < 5% of their histamine content and did not synthesize significant amounts of LTC4 when incubated with any of the opioids. Mast cells showed markedly different responses to the three opioids. Morphine (10(-5)-3 x 10(-4) M), in a concentration-dependent manner, induced histamine and tryptase release from skin but not from lung mast cells, up to a maximum of 18.2 +/- 1.9% and 13.0 +/- 4.1 micrograms/10(7) cells, respectively. Morphine did not induce de novo synthesis of PGD2 from skin mast cells. Buprenorphine (10(-6)-10(-4) M), in a concentration-dependent manner, caused histamine and tryptase release from lung but not from skin mast cells, to a maximum of 47.6 +/- 7.2% and 35.1 +/- 13.6 micrograms/10(7) cells, respectively. Buprenorphine also induced de novo synthesis of PGD2 and LTC4 from lung mast cells. Fentanyl (10(-5)-10(-3) M) did not induce histamine and tryptase release or the de novo synthesis of PGD2 or LTC4 from any mast cells. Histamine release caused by buprenorphine from lung mast cells was slow (t1/2 = 11.2 +/- 3.6 min) compared with that induced by morphine from skin mast cells (t1/2 < 1 min, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TSPO PIGA Ligands Promote Neurosteroidogenesis and Human Astrocyte Well-Being (2016)

The steroidogenic 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an emerging, attractive therapeutic tool for several pathological conditions of the nervous system. Here, 13 high affinity TSPO ligands belonging to our previously described N,N-dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-ylglyoxylamide (PIGA) class were evaluated for their potential ability to affect the cellular Oxidative Metabolism Activity/Proliferation index, which is used as a measure of astrocyte well-being. The most active PIGA ligands were also assessed for steroidogenic activity in terms of pregnenolone production, and the values were related to the metabolic index in rat and human models. The results showed a positive correlation between the increase in the Oxidative Metabolism Activity/Proliferation index and the pharmacologically induced stimulation of steroidogenesis. The specific involvement of steroid molecules in mediating the metabolic effects of the PIGA ligands was demonstrated using aminoglutethimide, a specific inhibitor of the first step of steroid biosynthesis. The most promising steroidogenic PIGA ligands were the 2-naphthyl derivatives that showed a long residence time to the target, in agreement with our previous data. In conclusion, TSPO ligand-induced neurosteroidogenesis was involved in astrocyte well-being.
Binding of Secretory Component to Dimers of Immunoglobulin A in vitro (1974)

The binding of human free secretory component to four different dimeric myeloma immunoglobulins A has been studied in vitro. Two of the immunoglobulin dimer preparations bound equimolar amounts of secretory component, while the other two showed lower binding capacity. The 1:1 molar complexes were investigated further. A certain number of antigenic determinants of secretory component were buried upon complex formation, while no corresponding blocking of immunoglobin A determinants could be detected. The molecular weights of the complexes (about 420000) agreed well with that of naturally occurring secretory immunoglobulin A, as did their shape and conformation, the latter as studied by optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. Thus the binding of secretory component to dimeric immunoglobulin A in vitro can be used as a model to elucidate the interactions between the two moieties in secretory immunoglobulin A. These interactions appear to have both a noncovalent and a covalent component. Only minimal conformational changes accompany complex formation, indicating that the noncovalent interactions between the two proteins involve no major structural rearrangements of either molecule.
Selective Phthalimido-N-oxyl (PINO)-Catalyzed C–H Cyanation of Adamantane Derivatives (2018)

We present a new method for the selective C(sp3)–H cyanation of adamantane derivatives with PINO as the hydrogen abstracting reagent. A cyano radical is thereby transferred from p -toluenesulfonyl cyanide, allowing the cyanation of adamantane derivatives in up to 71% yield. The protocol presents a novel way to orthogonally functionalized adamantanes that are otherwise difficult to prepare. Mechanistic studies support the hypothesis of a radical pathway.
Degradation of the human proteinase inhibitors alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin by Bacteroides gingivalis (1984)

Various strains of black-pigmented Bacteroides species were grown on horse blood agar and suspended in human serum. After various times of incubation the effect of the bacteria on the serum was evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis. The formation of trichloroacetic acid-soluble material in the suspensions and the capacity of the treated sera to inhibit the activity of trypsin were also determined. The two tested strains of Bacteroides gingivalis (W83, H185) degraded most serum proteins, including the plasma proteinase inhibitors alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin. They did not, however, degrade alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Bacteroides intermedius NCTC 9336, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus NCTC 9337, and an asaccharolytic oral strain different from B. gingivalis (BN11a-f) did not degrade the plasma proteinase inhibitors. These strains were, however, able to inactivate the capacity of serum to inhibit the activity of trypsin.
Nanopore microscope identifies RNA isoforms with structural colors (2021)

Abstract Identifying RNA transcript isoforms requires intricate protocols that suffer from various enzymatic biases. Here we design three-dimensional molecular constructs that enable identification of transcript isoforms at the single-molecule level using solid-state nanopore microscopy. We refold target RNA into RNA identifiers (IDs) with designed sets of complementary DNA strands. Each reshaped molecule carries a unique sequence of structural (pseudo)colors. Structural colors consist of DNA structures, protein labels, native RNA structures, or a combination of all three. The sequence of structural colors of RNA IDs enables simultaneous identification and relative quantification of multiple RNA targets without prior amplification. Our A mplification-free R NA T arg E t M ultiplex I soform S ensing (ARTEMIS) reveals structural arrangements in native transcripts in agreement with published variants. ARTEMIS discriminates circular and linear transcript isoforms in a one step, enzyme-free reaction in a complex human transcriptome using single-molecule readout. One sentence summary Here we show enzyme-free identification and relative quantification of RNA isoforms using a nanopore microscope and structural colors.
Thermotactile thresholds before, during and after exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (2011)

Warm and cool thresholds before, during, and after exposure to vibration, were investigated. Twelve healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 26.3 years participated in the study. Subjects were screened to exclude those with prior regular exposure to hand-transmitted vibration, diabetes, vascular or neurological disorders and injuries to the right hand. The experiment was performed in a room with ambient temperature of 23°C. Subjects were acclimatised for 10 minutes before the skin temperatures were measured. During the pre-exposure period, there is no significant difference in thresholds between the control condition and the 125-Hz session. With 125-Hz vibration, warm thresholds increased over the five periods and also over the three periods during application of vibration.
Structure of the ribosome with elongation factor G trapped in the pretranslocation state (2013)

During protein synthesis, tRNAs and their associated mRNA codons move sequentially on the ribosome from the A (aminoacyl) site to the P (peptidyl) site to the E (exit) site in a process catalyzed by a universally conserved ribosome-dependent GTPase [elongation factor G (EF-G) in prokaryotes and elongation factor 2 (EF-2) in eukaryotes]. Although the high-resolution structure of EF-G bound to the posttranslocation ribosome has been determined, the pretranslocation conformation of the ribosome bound with EF-G and A-site tRNA has evaded visualization owing to the transient nature of this state. Here we use electron cryomicroscopy to determine the structure of the 70S ribosome with EF-G, which is trapped in the pretranslocation state using antibiotic viomycin. Comparison with the posttranslocation ribosome shows that the small subunit of the pretranslocation ribosome is rotated by ∼12° relative to the large subunit. Domain IV of EF-G is positioned in the cleft between the body and head of the small subunit outwardly of the A site and contacts the A-site tRNA. Our findings suggest a model in which domain IV of EF-G promotes the translocation of tRNA from the A to the P site as the small ribosome subunit spontaneously rotates back from the hybrid, rotated state into the nonrotated posttranslocation state.
Marketing the rainforest : 'green' panacea or red herring? (1994)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Genetic loci associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap with loci for lung function and pulmonary fibrosis (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide(1). We performed a genetic association study in 15,256 cases and 47,936 controls, with replication of select top results (P < 5 x 10(-6)) in 9,498 cases and 9,748 controls. In the combined meta-analysis, we identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance, including 13 new associations with COPD. Nine of these 13 loci have been associated with lung function in general population samples(2-7), while 4 (EEFSEC, DSP, MTCL1, and SFTPD) are new. We noted two loci shared with pulmonary fibrosis(8,9) (FAM13A and DSP) but that had opposite risk alleles for COPD. None of our loci overlapped with genome-wide associations for asthma, although one locus has been implicated in joint susceptibility to asthma and obesity(10). We also identified genetic correlation between COPD and asthma. Our findings highlight new loci associated with COPD, demonstrate the importance of specific loci associated with lung function to COPD, and identify potential regions of genetic overlap between COPD and other respiratory diseases.
Analysis of LAM and 38 kDa Antibody Levels for Diagnosis of TB in a Case-Control Study in West Africa (2012)

CD4+ T cells are required for protection against tuberculosis (TB) disease progression, but interest in the role of antibodies in early protection, as biomarkers for disease status, and use in diagnostic tests has recently increased. In this study we analyzed plasma antibody levels in TB cases before and after treatment in both HIV-positive and -negative individuals and compared them with tuberculin skin test (TST+) (latently infected) household contacts (HHC). We also analyzed HHC that subsequently progressed to active disease within 2 years in order to see if antibodies play a role in protection against disease progression. We used a commercially available kit to 38 kDa antigen and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and found that immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels were 4-fold higher in subjects with disease compared to latently infected controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>) and were 2-fold higher than pretreatment levels following successful TB treatment (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> compared to both pretreated cases and latently infected controls). HIV infection resulted in low antibody levels regardless of disease status or treatment outcome. Furthermore, levels in disease progressors (incident cases) were similar to nonprogressors and were not elevated until just prior to disease progression confirming previous reports that IgG antibodies, at least in the periphery, do not confer protection against TB disease progression.
K-dimensional trio coherent states (2004)

We introduce a novel class of higher-order, three-mode states called K-dimensional trio coherent states. We study their mathematical properties and prove that they form a complete set in a truncated Fock space. We also study their physical content by explicitly showing that they exhibit nonclassical features such as oscillatory number distribution, sub-poissonian statistics, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality violation and phase-space quantum interferences. Finally, we propose an experimental scheme to realize the state with K=2 in the quantized vibronic motion of a trapped ion.
ChemInform Abstract: CALORIMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPLEXATION OF METAL IONS BY PENTADENTATE LIGANDS HAVING PYRIDYL AND IMIDAZOLYL DONOR GROUPS AND THE OXYGENATION OF THE COBALTOUS COMPLEXES (1982)

Abstract ΔG 298 ‐, ΔH 298 ‐ und ΔS 298 ‐Werte für die Komplexbildung zwischen Cu(II)‐, Ni(II)‐, Co(II)‐ und Zn(II)‐Kationen und den fünfzähnigen Liganden (I)‐(III) werden ermittelt und ihre Abhängigkeit von der Art des Liganden und der Größe der entstehenden Chelatringe diskutiert.
Molecular Imaging of Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor a (VEGF A) in Femoral Bone Grafts Transplanted into Living Mice (2013)

The biology of cells transplanted with bone grafts is incompletely understood. Focusing on the early angiogenic response postgrafting, we report a mouse femur graft model in which grafts were derived from mice transgenic for a firefly luciferase (FLuc) bioluminescence reporter gene driven by a promoter for the angiogenic signaling molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Upon transplantation into wild-type (wt) mice, in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) permitted longitudinal visualization and measurements of VEGF promoter activity in the transplanted graft cells and demonstrated a lag period of 7 days posttransplantation prior to robust induction of the promoter. To determine cellular mediators of VEGF induction in graft bone, primary graft-derived osteoblastic cells (GDOsts) were characterized. In vitro BLI on GDOsts showed hypoxia-induced VEGF expression and that this induction depended on PI3K signaling and, to a lesser degree, on the MEK pathway. This transcriptional regulation correlated with VEGF protein production and was validated in GDOsts seeded on demineralized bone matrix (DBM), a bone graft substitute material. Together, combined imaging of VEGF expression in living animals and in live cells provided clues about the regulation of VEGF in cells post-bone grafting. These data are particularly significant toward the development of future smart bone graft substitutes.
Vitrification and Density Scaling of Polyurea at Pressures up to 6 GPa (2017)

Elastomeric polyurea is an important polymer for impact mitigation, but viscoelasticity, nonlinearity, pressure-effects, and the onset of the glass transition complicate analyses of experimental measurements. Consequently, development efforts rely on modeling, which in turn requires accurate potential functions. To address this issue, we measured the glass transition, Tg, of polyurea at pressures up to 6 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. In this method, Tg is determined as the lowest temperature at which the pressure is hydrostatic. From the pressure dependence of Tg, in combination with equation of state measurements at pressures up to 1 GPa, the density scaling exponent for the polyurea was obtained. The value 2.39 ± 0.06 is in accord with previous determinations based on lower pressure experiments; thus, density scaling remains valid for density changes as large as 50%. The scaling exponent reflects the steepness of the intermolecular repulsive potential and should serve as a guide to the choice of potential parameters for simulations of the high strain rate, high pressure dynamics of the material.
Performance evaluation of TCP/RLP protocol stack over CDMA wireless link (2002)

In this paper, we study the system performance of a typical code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless link using a protocol stack in the newly approved data services option standard for wideband spread spectrum digital cellular systems. In particular, we focus on the TCP (transport control protocol) and RLP (radio link protocol) of the protocol stack since the fluctuation of system performance is largely caused by automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanisms implemented at these two layers. Analytical and simulation results presented here may provide guidance to those attempting to further improve performance of interest.
ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF CITRIC ACID BY CONDENSATION OF ACETATE AND OXALACETATE (1949)

There is evidence that oxidative breakdown of carbohydrate and fatty acids leads to a common acetyl derivative, which through condensationThe values are measured in micromoles.Citrate found With acetate...........
Human embryonic stem cells : different shades of pluripotency and differentiation potential (2015)

In this thesis, we investigated the two fundamental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), being their pluripotency and differentiation potential. Firstly, we have shown that hESC derivation in the presence of Activin A (ActA) predisposes these ActA-derived hESC lines towards a primordial germ cell (PGC) fate unlike the hESCs derived in standard culture conditions. The undifferentiated ActA-derived hESC lines demonstrated an inherent increased expression of early PGC markers STELLA and cKIT. Following their differentiation for seven days in the presence of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), widely known to induce germ cell differentiation, the pre-meiotic marker VASA was significantly upregulated both at the transcript and protein level in comparison to the differentiated hESC lines derived in standard culture conditions. We also observed an active TGFβ/Activin signalling during the differentiation process as proven by the nuclear translocation of SMAD2/3 following phosphorylation. Next, we further investigated the role of ActA in inducing in vitro PGC fate upon its exogenous supplementation during hESC differentiation. Differentiation of ActAderived and standard hESC lines in the presence of both ActA and BMP4 significantly improved PGC gene expression compared to BMP4 alone. We also demonstrated the need to mimic in vivo environment for differentiation purposes as exposure of these seven-day old in vitro-derived PGCs to reproductive hormones resulted in the generation of pre-meiotic germ cells. Additionally, we suggest a synergistic developmental relationship between the endodermal and PGC lineages during in vitro differentiation of hESCs, which has not been reported earlier. As the biggest success in mouse for in vitro germ cell formation from stem cells was achieved when starting from naïve pluripotent stem cells, we attempted to convert existing primed hESCs into their naïve state. We were able to generate naïve hESCs using a novel naïve pluripotency inducing media, which also allowed the derivation of naïve mESCs. Hence, we suggest that alternative routes exist to induce naïve pluripotency in human.
Diffuse reflection (intensity reflectance model) (2003)

An intensity reflectance model is proposed for diffuse reflection originating from subsurface multiple scattering within inhomogeneous dielectric materials. One of the most common assumptions in computer vision from inhomogeneous dielectrics is Lambertian. The proposed model utilizes the subsurface intensity distribution predicted by modeling subsurface multiple scattering based upon radiative transfer theory. For an optically smooth surface boundary this subsurface intensity distribution becomes altered by Fresnel attenuation upon refraction into air, making it become significantly non-Lambertian. This resulting intensity distribution serves as a reflection law for individual optically smooth microfacets that compose an opaque rough surface, producing a physical unification of diffuse reflection with the Torrance-Sparrow specular reflection model. Experimental results that verify the accuracy of the model are presented. A relatively simple formula that approximates closely the true behaviour of diffuse reflection and can be used in place of a Lambertian term is presented. The non-Lambertian nature of the diffuse component becomes most significant near occluding contours and sometimes produces a previously unnoticed intensity effect that can aid in their detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>