gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvation dynamics through Raman spectroscopy: Hydration of Br2 and Br3−, and solvation of Br2 in liquid bromine (2011)

Raman spectroscopy of bromine in the liquid phase and in water illustrates uncommon principles and yields insights regarding hydration. In liquid Br(2), resonant excitation over the B((3)Π(0u)(+)) ← X((1)Σ(g)(+)) valence transition at 532 nm produces a weak resonant Raman (RR) progression accompanied by a five-fold stronger non-resonant (NR) scattering. The latter is assigned to pre-resonance with the C-state, which in turn must be strongly mixed with inter-molecular charge transfer states. Despite the electronic resonance, RR of Br(2) in water is quenched. At 532 nm, the homogeneously broadened fundamental is observed, as in the NR case at 785 nm. The implications of the quenching of RR scattering are analyzed in a simple, semi-quantitative model, to conclude that the inertial evolution of the Raman packet in aqueous Br(2) occurs along multiple equivalent water-Br(2) coordinates. In distinct contrast with hydrophilic hydration in small clusters and hydrophobic hydration in clathrates, it is concluded that the hydration shell of bromine in water consists of dynamically equivalent fluxional water molecules. At 405 nm, the RR progression of Br(3)(-) is observed, accompanied by difference transitions between the breathing of the hydration shell and the symmetric stretch of the ion. The RR scattering process in this case can be regarded as the coherent photo-induced electron transfer to the solvent and its radiative back-transfer.
Segment wise communication delay measurement for Smart Grid applications (2014)

In order to meet the communication delay requirements of various message types when developing applications for the Smart Grid (SG), selection of appropriate communication technology is crucial and requires network segment-wise delay characterization under different network conditions. Thus, this paper presents a segment-wise communication delay measurement technique and experimental results for SG applications. In this technique, an Arduino based test bed is developed to characterize communication delays across multiple hops using different communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and cellular communication. This test bed is customized for the measurement of the delay involved in several network segments between remotely deployed photovoltaic (PV) panels and monitoring locations. Extensive delay measurement tests are conducted with varying data packet sizes under various controlled background traffic conditions, including Internet traffic. The test results can be used to infer the suitability of various communication technologies under diverse network conditions. For example, Ethernet technology provides minimum and predictable delay and is therefore suitable for safety critical messaging to be sent locally.
Improving Efficiency of a High Work Turbine Using Nonaxisymmetric Endwalls— Part I: Endwall Design and Performance (2010)

This paper is the first part of a two part paper reporting the improvement of efficiency of a one-and-half stage high work axial flow turbine by nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring. In this first paper the design of the endwall contours is described, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow predictions are compared with five-hole-probe measurements. The endwalls have been designed using automatic numerical optimization by means of a sequential quadratic programming algorithm, the flow being computed with the 3D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver TRACE. The aim of the design was to reduce the secondary kinetic energy and secondary losses. The experimental results confirm the improvement of turbine efficiency, showing a stage efficiency benefit of 1%±0.4%, revealing that the improvement is underestimated by CFD. The secondary flow and loss have been significantly reduced in the vane, but improvement of the midspan flow is also observed. Mainly this loss reduction in the first row and the more homogeneous flow is responsible for the overall improvement. Numerical investigations indicate that the transition modeling on the airfoil strongly influences the secondary loss predictions. The results confirm that nonaxisymmetric endwall profiling is an effective method to improve turbine efficiency but that further modeling work is needed to achieve a good predictability.
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by enterocin 4 during the manufacture andripening of Manchego cheese (1997)

The inhibitory effect of enterocin 4, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis INIA 4, on Listeria monocytogenes strains Ohio and Scott A during the manufacture and ripening of Manchego cheese was investigated. Raw ewe's milk was inoculated with ca 10(5) cfu ml-1 of L. monocytogenes and with 1% of a commercial lactic starter, 1% of an Ent. faecalis INIA 4 culture, or 1% of each culture. Manchego cheeses were manufactured according to usual procedures. Listeria monocytogenes Ohio counts decreased by 3 log units after 8 h and by 6 log units after 7 d in cheese made from milk inoculated with Ent. faecalis INIA 4 or with both cultures, whereas no inhibition was recorded after 60 d in cheese made from milk inoculated with commercial lactic starter. Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was not inhibited by enterocin 4 during cheese manufacture, but decreases of 1 log unit after 7 d and of 2 log units after 60 d were achieved in cheese made from milk inoculated with both commercial lactic starter and Ent. faecalis INIA 4.
Highly Specific Binding on Antifouling Zwitterionic Polymer-Coated Microbeads as Measured by Flow Cytometry (2017)

Micron- and nano-sized particles are extensively used in various biomedical applications. However, their performance is often drastically hampered by the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules, a process called biofouling, which can cause false-positive and false-negative outcomes in diagnostic tests. Although antifouling coatings have been extensively studied on flat surfaces, their use on micro- and nanoparticles remains largely unexplored, despite the widespread experimental (specifically, clinical) uncertainties that arise because of biofouling. Here, we describe the preparation of magnetic micron-sized beads coated with zwitterionic sulfobetaine polymer brushes that display strong antifouling characteristics. These coated beads can then be equipped with recognition elements of choice, to enable the specific binding of target molecules. First, we present a proof of principle with biotin-functionalized beads that are able to specifically bind fluorescently labeled streptavidin from a complex mixture of serum proteins. Moreover, we show the versatility of the method by demonstrating that it is also possible to functionalize the beads with mannose moieties to specifically bind the carbohydrate-binding protein concanavalin A. Flow cytometry was used to show that thus-modified beads only bind specifically targeted proteins, with minimal/near-zero nonspecific protein adsorption from other proteins that are present. These antifouling zwitterionic polymer-coated beads, therefore, provide a significant advancement for the many bead-based diagnostic and other biosensing applications that require stringent antifouling conditions.
The history of vectorcardiography (1985)

Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a part of electrocardiography (ECG). The vectorcardiogram displays the various complexes of the electrocardiogram, i.e. QRS, P and T complexes, in the form of "loops" which are determined from vectors representing successive instantaneous mean electric forces from the heart throughout an entire cardiac cycle. Since the heart is a three-dimensional structure, the electric forces from the heart during each heartbeat are oriented three-dimensionally and, therefore, can be represented by a time sequence ofvectors which display the magnitude and direction of these mean electric forces. Anyone who knows the fundamental and theoretical aspects of electrocardiography and knows clinical cardiology and employs electrocardiographs with high frequency response and good fidelity can visualize the detailed configuration of the vectorcardiogram from the electrocardiogram. The electrocardiogram displays the same information as the vectorcardiogram and even provides other information not readily available from the vectorcardiogram, especially temporal phenomena and disorders in cardiac rhythm. Nevertheless, vectorcardiography has developed as a result of the efforts of many investigators who were interested in the use of vector analysis of the cardiac electric potentials recorded from the surface of the body. Such investigations have contributed a great deal to a better understanding of electrocardiography and aspects of electrophysiology. Since the time sequence, magnitude, and spatial direction of the instantaneous mean vectors are determined by the order of depolarization and repolarization of the atria and ventricles which, in turn, are affected by the clinical state of the myocardium, it was considered that the spatial vectorcardiogram could be useful in learning more about the electrophysiology of the heart in normal and diseased states. There have been many reports in the field of vectorcardiography since its introduction (footnotes 1-79).
Endobronchial Valves for Treatment of Bronchopleural Fistula in Granulomatous Polyangitis (2013)

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is an abnormal communication between the bronchus and the pleural space, commonly occurring after pulmonary resection or due to a spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to an underlying lung disease. We present a case of BPF in the setting of granulomatous polyangitis treated with endobronchial valves (EBV) with a longitudinal follow-up. These 1-way valves allow air and mucus to exit the diseased segment of lung during expiration, but prevent the reentry of air upon inspiration. The targeted segment may undergo atelectasis, achieving nonsurgical lung volume reduction, and allowing the remaining lung to compensate for the loss of volume. The use of these valves has shown to decrease hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in these patients. In this case, the patient endured a prolonged hospitalization (82 d) and was able to be discharged only 7 days after EBV placement. This facilitated engagement in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, increased physical activity, and ultimately resumption of normal activity for the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case of EBV used to treat BPF in the setting of underlying granulomatous polyangitis. This underscores the point that in appropriate settings, EBVs can decrease morbidity and mortality, and significantly improve the quality of life.
A First Prototype of an Active Boring Bar Tested in Industry (2006)

Metal cutting is a common process in the manufacturing industry. Vibration problem during metal cutting is a reality for these manufactures. The vibration level depends on many different parameters such as material type, dimensions of the workpiece and boring bar, cutting data and operation mode. Internal cutting is one of the most troublesome operation modes, without any continuous monitoring and control from an operator grave vibration levels quickly arises. From the industry point of view this is an expense in the production line. The reduced tool life and the coarse surface finishing caused by the large vibration will force the operator to stop the cutting process, either to change tool when it is broken or change cutting data like decreasing the cutting depth. Any interference like this increases the working time for each component tremendous. These problems have been located and examined in an industry producing and renovating components using a lathe. One lathe was chosen for further investigation by experimental modal analysis and analysis during operational mode. The examination was done in an environment with machining processes in full operation mode and also during non-working ours. After analyzing the problem different solution where scrutinized and a first prototype where constructed. The solution to the problem is an active boring bar. This paper will present the procedure from analyzing a problem in industry to the test of the first prototype of the solution.
Antiplatelet pretreatment and outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion strokes (2017)

APT pretreatment does not increase the risk of sICH and may independently improve the odds of SR in patients with ELVO treated with MT. The former association appears to be modified by IVT.
GRASSLAND PRODUCTION FOR DAIRYING IN NEW ZEALAND* (1957)

Comparison of results obtained on herbage samples freeze‐dried and hot‐air‐dried during tests of commercial green‐crop driers indicated apparent losses of crude protein and β‐carotene in freeze‐drying. Experiments on laboratory technique in drying, milling and analysing herbage samples showed a differential loss in conventional laboratory hammer mills biassed towards loss of high‐protein particles. The differential loss was particularly marked for freeze‐dried material, but was also shown to be significant for oven‐dried material. There is a need for development of a laboratory mill to disintegrate samples without loss of milled material and without undue temperature rise when used for milling samples at the same rate as existing laboratory hammer mills.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 4 from The Major Reverse Transcriptase–Incompetent Splice Variant of the Human Telomerase Protein Inhibits Telomerase Activity but Protects from Apoptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 516K, T1. Breast cell lines used in this study. T2. Summary of results for 45 breast cancer cell lines and 5 non-malignant cell lines. T3. Correlation of hTERT α/β splice variants, telomerase activity, telomere length and hTR in 50 breast cancer cell lines. T4. Sequences of primers used.&lt;/p&gt;
A Continuous Second Order Sensitivity Equation Method for Time-Dependent Incompressible Laminar Flows (2005)

This paper presents a general formulation of the continuous sensitivity equation method (SEM) for computing first and second order sensitivities of time-dependent, incompressible laminar flows. The formulation accounts for complex parameter dependence and is suitable for a wide range of problems. The SEM formulation is verified on a problem with a closed form solution. Systematic grid convergence studies confirm the theoretical rates of convergence in both space and time. The methodology is then applied to pulsed flow around a square cylinder. The flow starts with symmetrical vortex shedding then transitions to the traditional Von Karman street (alternate vortex shedding). Sensitivities are used to demonstrate fast evaluation of nearby flows. The accuracy of nearby flows is much improved when second order sensitivities are used. For the uniform flow around a circular cylinder the sensitivity of the Strouhal number with respect to the Reynolds number agrees well with the computed and experimental St-Re relationship.
Fast Measurement Of Physical Dimensions (1987)

Measurement of physical dimensions of produced parts is one of the applications area of visual inspection. High accuracy measurements -typical mechanical tolerances are about 0.1% or 0.05%- without needing image sizes of 1024 or 4096 pixels implies subpixel accuracy interpolation techniques. An overview of some algorithms will be given in this paper first. One of the subpixel accuracy algorithms has been implemented efficiently on an image computer which has been designed in our laboratory. A general image processor is implemented as a set of two microprogrammable processors: the first is optimized for search operations and will locate the edge of interest, the second is optimized for arithmetic operations and will calculate the accurate edge positions. Both operations are relatively independent and can be pipelined to achieve a maximum performance. Since on-line inspection is considered, execution time is of main importance.
Programmed death ligand 2 – A link between inflammation and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (2019)

PD-L2 regulates bone homeostasis in RA. Our findings provide new insight into the relationship between the immune system and bone homeostasis, and suggest a potential therapeutic target for limiting inflammatory bone loss in RA.
Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Fluids Containing Oxide Nanoparticles (1999)

Oxide nanofluids were produced and their thermal conductivities were measured by a transient hot-wire method. The experimental results show that these nanofluids, containing a small amount of nanoparticles, have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles. Comparisons between experiments and the Hamilton and Crosser model show that the model can predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing large agglomerated Al2O3 particles. However, the model appears to be inadequate for nanofluids containing CuO particles. This suggests that not only particle shape but size is considered to be dominant in enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.
Acid Rather Than Nonacid Reflux Burden Is a Predictor of Tooth Erosion (2015)

There was a positive correlation between acid reflux parameters and TE. Acid, rather than nonacid reflux, seems to have a significant role in the pathogenesis of TE.
Cross-metathesis of alkenes with vinyl-substituted silsesquioxanes and spherosilicates: a new method for synthesizing highly-functionalized Si/O frameworks (1997)

Highly functionalized silsesquioxanes and spherosilicates of the formulae [(RCHCH) 8 Si 8 O 12 ] and [(RCHCHSiMe 2 -O) 8 Si 8 O 12 ] can be prepared by cross-metathesisreactions of alkenes with readily available vinyl-substituted silsesquioxane and spherosilicate frameworks, [(vinyl) 8 Si 8 O 12 ] 1 and [(vinylSiMe 2 O) 8 Si 8 O 12 ] 2; the methodology is quite general and is not complicated by self-metathesis reactions of 1 or 2.
Structural Descriptions and Inexact Matching (1981)

In this paper we formally define the structural description of an object and the concepts of exact and inexact matching of two structural descriptions. We discuss the problems associated with a brute-force backtracking tree search for inexact matching and develop several different algorithms to make the tree search more efficient. We develop the formula for the expected number of nodes in the tree for backtracking alone and with a forward checking algorithm. Finally, we present experimental results showing that forward checking is the most efficient of the algorithms tested.
Higher-order Bloch sphere: geometric representation of Larmor precession of the higher-order spin states (2022)

We propose an analogous sphere, herein referred a higher-order Bloch sphere (HOBS), to visualize the Larmor precession of higher-order spin. Our proposed HOBS is potentially applied to advanced quantum information processing.
Synthesis of Norsecocularines (1988)

A partir de cularines, par oxydation en amine oxydes par MCPBA suivie de scission par reflux dans le toluene puis de reduction par Zn dans H 2 SO 4 des N-hydroxynorsecocularines obtenues, synthese des methylamino-2' ethyl-1 dibenzo [b,f] oxepinnes methoxylees et/ou hydroxylees desirees
Modulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in macrophages (1995)

L-Arginine is converted to the highly reactive and unstable nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline by an enzyme named nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NO decomposes into other nitrogen oxides such as nitrite (NO(2) (-)) and nitrate (NO(2) (-)), and in the presence of superoxide anion to the potent oxidizing agent peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Activated rodent macrophages are capable of expressing an inducible form of this enzyme (iNOS) in response to appropriate stimuli, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). Other cytokines can modulate the induction of NO biosynthesis in macrophages. NO is a major effector molecule of the anti-microbial and cytotoxic activity of rodent macrophages against certain micro-organisms and tumour cells, respectively. The NO synthesizing pathway has been demonstrated in human monocytes and other cells, but its role in host defence seems to be accessory. A delicate functional balance between microbial stimuli, host-derived cytokines and hormones in the microenvironment regulates iNOS expression. This review will focus mainly on the known and proposed mechanisms of the regulation of iNOS induction, and on agents that can modulate NO release once the active enzyme has been expressed in the macrophage.
Evaluation of ESMAP Regional Power Trade Portfolio (2004)

The joint United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a special global technical assistance partnership sponsored by the UNDP, the World Bank, and bi-lateral official donors. Established with the support of UNDP and bilateral official donors in 1983, ESMAP is managed by the World Bank. ESMAPs mission is to promote the role of energy in poverty reduction and economic growth in an environmentally responsible manner. Its work applies to low-income, emerging, and transition economies and contributes to the achievement of internationally agreed development goals. ESMAP interventions are knowledge products including free technical assistance specific studies advisory services, pilot projects, knowledge generation and dissemination, trainings; workshops and seminars, conferences and roundtables, and publications. ESMAP work is focused on three priority areas: access to modem energy for the poorest, the development of sustainable energy markets, and the promotion of environmentally sustainable energy practices. ESMAP has supported a number of energy trade programs, but so far feedback from these projects and evaluations of the knowledge gained has been limited. It was therefore decided to undertake a review ESMAPs portfolio of projects related to the international trade of energy. This review was to include not only those projects that have been completed, but also those that currently are under way, and those that are in the immediate pipeline. The review was guided by the technical advisory group to the energy trust funded programs located at the World Bank.