gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of craniocaudal catheter displacement between fractions in computed tomography–based high dose rate brachytherapy of prostate cancer (2007)

The objective of this work is to measure the cranio-caudal displacement of catheters occurring between consecutive fractions of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy. Ten consecutive patients were treated with 2 fractions of 9.5 Gy TRUS guided HDR brachytherapy using dental putty for the fixation of catheters. For each patient, a CT scan with 3 mm slice thickness was acquired before each of the two fractions. Two different references were employed to measure the catheter displacement between fractions: the ischial bone as a bony marker (BM) and the center of two gold markers (COGM) implanted in the prostate. The catheter displacement was calculated by multiplying the thickness of CT slice with the difference in number of CT slices between the reference slice and the slice containing the tip of a catheter. The average (range) magnitude of caudal catheter displacement was 2.7 mm (-6.0 to 13.5 mm) for BM method and 5.4 mm (-3.75 to 18.0 mm) for COGM method, respectively. The measurement data obtained from BM and COGM methods verified that both prostate movement and catheter displacement occurred independently between fractions. The most anterior and medial two catheters (catheter position 8 and 12) had the greatest tendency to be displaced in the caudal direction because they were located at the most distant position from the fulcrum, susceptible to the rotation of the dental putty in lateral plane due to the movement of patient legs between fractions. In conclusion, the use of both BM and COGM methods can demonstrate the prostate and catheter movement relative to the BM between fractions. We found a pattern of catheter displacement using our technique. Based on our finding further improvement of our results may be possible by modification of our current technique.
Preface (2012)

This paper is dedicated to the memory of the of Prof. Masanori Iwase and his life and work. The factors which affect the thermophysical properties of silicate and aluminnosilicate slags are reviewed. These include (i) the polymerisation of the silicate network (ii) various cation effects and (iii) temperature. Of these, the degree of poly merisation of the silicate network (expressed here through the parameter Q (= 4NBO/T)) is the most important and the viscosity (), electrical resistivity and thermal conduc tivity all increase as Q increases. Various ways in which different cations affect the properties are considered for each individual property viz. the -M-O bond strength affects (i) liquidus temperature (ii) activity coefficient of SiO 2 and (iii) thermal expansion coefficient and whereas both the size and number of available cations affect the electrical conductivity and resistivity.
Morphological origin of super toughness in poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyethylene blends (1993)

Abstract A compatibilization strategy for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene (PE) blends to achieve high toughness is described. Maleic anhydride functionalized styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (MA‐ g ‐SEBS) block copolymer at 20 pph was found to produce an intricate multidomain morphology in which the two major components (50% PE, 50% PET) and the compatibilizer coexist on a hierarchal order. A portion of the PET was dispersed as interconnected rodlike domains oriented along the injection direction. The rest of the PET and the PE constituted beadlike nano domains which served as the matrix. The blend at all these morphological levels responded to deformation in a cooperative fashion giving rise to a super tough material. That is, a blend whose elongation at break (600%) was superior to its two major components (90% for PET and 300% for PE). © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Single pixel transmissive and reflective liquid crystal display using broadband cholesteric liquid crystal film (2011)

We propose a single mode transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) which is operated as the transmissive and reflective modes in a single pixel without dividing into sub-pixels. The single pixel transflective LCD was composed of the cross-polarized nematic LCD as a light modulator and the broadband cholesteric liquid crystal film (BCLCF) as a half mirror. The BCLCF, simply prepared by the exposure of ultraviolet light to the mixture of the nematic LC and the reactive mesogen with chirality, selectively reflects a certain circular polarization but transmits the orthogonal circular polarization in entire visible light. The electro-optical properties in both transmissive and reflective modes coincide with each other.
2′-O-[(4-CF3-triazol-1-yl)methyl] Uridine – A Sensitive 19F NMR Sensor for the Detection of RNA Secondary Structures (2015)

A sensitive uridine-derived sensor (viz., 2'-O-[(4-CF3-triazol-1-yl)methyl]uridine, 1) for (19)F NMR spectroscopic monitoring of RNA secondary structures is described. The applicability of 1 is demonstrated by monitoring the thermal denaturation of the following double and triple helical RNA models: (1) a miR 215 hairpin, (2) a poly U-A*U triple helix RNA (bearing two C-G*C(H+) interrupts), and (3) a polyadenylated nuclear-nuclear retention element complex. In these RNA models, the (19)F NMR shift of the 2'-O-(CF3-triazolylmethyl) group shows high sensitivity to secondary structural arrangements. Moreover, 1 favors the desired N-conformation, and its effect on both RNA duplex and triplex stabilities is marginal.
Meta Networks. (2017)

Neural networks have been successfully applied in applications with a large amount of labeled data. However, the task of rapid generalization on new concepts with small training data while preserving performances on previously learned ones still presents a significant challenge to neural network models. In this work, we introduce a novel meta learning method, Meta Networks (MetaNet), that learns a meta-level knowledge across tasks and shifts its inductive biases via fast parameterization for rapid generalization. When evaluated on Omniglot and Mini-ImageNet benchmarks, our MetaNet models achieve a near human-level performance and outperform the baseline approaches by up to 6% accuracy. We demonstrate several appealing properties of MetaNet relating to generalization and continual learning.
Bactericidal efficacies of nebulized non-thermal atmospheric plasma-treated liquids (2017)

Objectives. Antimicrobial activities of non-thermal atmospheric plasma-treated liquids on various bacterial and fungal strains in their planktonic and biofilm forms have been widely reported. Since most of the plasma-treated liquids are water based, they might be washed off certain surfaces and they cannot be applied for the infections of respiratory tract. In the present study we have tested antimicrobial activities of plasma-treated N-acetyl cysteine solution (NAC), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and deionized water when nebulized over planktonic forms of E. coli and S. aureus . Methods. Antimicrobial activities of nebulized plasma-treated liquids were evaluated with zone of inhibition test and colony counting assay. Moreover pH of NAC, PBS solution and deionized water were measured before, after plasma treatment and during nebulization since low pH is well known consequence observed in plasma-treated liquids. Results. Our results have revealed that pH of plasma-treated NAC, PBS solution and DIW decreases after plasma treatment consistent with previous reports and does not change during nebulization. Moreover, antimicrobial activity assessment indicates that nebulized plasma-treated NAC shows the strongest antimicrobial activity, which leads complete inactivation of bacteria for 10 3 to 10 6 CFU/ml initial bacterial load and 5-log reduction for 10 7 CFU/ml initial bacterial load on both E. coli and S. aureus . Conclusions. Plasma-treated liquids could retain their antimicrobial activity during nebulization and nebulization could be considered as a future alternative method for delivery of plasma-treated liquids for respiratory tract infections.
A sustentação de um discurso crítico criminológico na Revista de Direito Penal e Criminologia (1971 - 1983) (2014)

"O presente trabalho tem por objeto demonstrar parte da conclusão da investigação realizada sobre o saber criminológico (re)produzido na Revista de Direito Penal e Criminologia (1971 a 1983), cujo objetivo central trata-­‐se de demonstrar o universo e o sentido da crítica que ingressou no Brasil neste momento histórico, através da referida Revista. Verificou-­‐se, portanto, que o universo do saber produzido, não obstante o acervo pesquisado não constituir um corpus discursivo monolítico ou homogêneo, ocorreu através de uma convergência de sentido da argumentação da deslegitimação do sistema penal, notadamente da pena de prisão no Brasil, substancialmente reconhecido por uma crítica criminológica estrutural. No presente artigo, reduz-­‐se a verificação da Revista à abordagem crítico-­‐criminológica, utilizando autores que estabelecem suas falas neste viés teórico para pensar quem e sobre o quê se publicava na Revista de Direito Penal e Criminologia."
THE ISLANDS OF THE TRISTAN D'ACUNHA GROUP (1934)

In January, 1934, a report was received from the Royal Research Ship Discovery II that the positions of Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands in the Tristan d'Acunha group were incorrectly shown on British Admiralty chart No. 1769. The report originated from local information, and was to some extent confirmed by patent log distances run by Discovery II, and by sea sights, but no really definite evidence as to the correct position of the two islands was received. In effect, the report merely stated that both Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands were considerably nearer to Tristan Island than as charted.
Ciguatera and the Voyage of Captain Bligh (1974)

AFTER the mutiny aboard the H.M.S.<i>Bounty</i>on April 28, 1789, Captain Bligh and a group of 18 men were set adrift in a 23-foot open boat. They completed one of the most difficult and famous voyages of navigational history, with the exceptional record of no loss of life except for one death from native violence and some additional deaths from tropical disease on an island at which they stopped. During the course of this voyage, Captain Bligh, in spite of extreme emaciation, remained in surprisingly good health. There was, however, a single episode of unexplained illness, which may have been poisoning. At four o'clock on Monday, June 8, 1789, after more than 1 1/2 months at sea, and after having sailed more than 3,000 miles (5,559.6 km), their first fish was caught at approximately latitude 9° 09′ south, longitude 131° 31′ east, a point near the north coast of
Proven Anti-Wetting Properties of Molybdenum Tested for High-Temperature Corrosion-Resistance with Potential Application in the Aluminum Industry (2021)

The behavior of Mo in contact with molten Al was modelled by classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulation of a pure Mo solid in contact with molten Al at 1200 K using the Materials Studio<sup>®</sup>. Results showed that no reaction or cross diffusion of atoms occurs at the Mo(s)-Al(l) interface, and that molten Al atoms exhibit an epitaxial alignment with the exposed solid Mo crystal morphology. Furthermore, the two phases {Mo(s) and Al(l)} are predicted to interact with weak van der Waals forces and give interfacial energy of about 203 mJ/m<sup>2</sup>. Surface energy measurements by the sessile drop experiment using the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good (VCG) theory established a Mo(s)-Al(l) interface energy equivalent to 54 mJ/m<sup>2</sup>, which supports the weak van der Waals interaction. The corrosion resistance of a high purity (99.97%) Mo block was then tested in a molten alloy of 5% Mg mixed in Al (Al-5 wt.%Mg) at 1123 K for 96 h, using the ALCAN's standard "immersion" test, and the results are presented. No Mo was found to be dissolved in the molten Al-Mg alloy. However, a 20% mass loss in the Mo block was due to intergranular corrosion scissoring the Mo block in the ALCAN test, but not as a result of the reaction of pure Mo with the molten Al-Mg alloy. It was observed that the Al-Mg alloy did not stick to the Mo block.
A quick and atraumatic method of autologous vein harvesting using the subcutaneous extraluminal dissector. (1987)

Subcutaneous harvesting using an extraluminal vein dissector was used to obtain saphenous and cephalic veins for aortocoronary vein bypass grafting (CVBG) in 428 unselected consecutive patients without complications. The operative technique is simple, quick and easy to learn. Advantages of the method include expeditious harvesting, limited tissue dissection and vein handling, with minimal overt and occult blood loss. Symptomatic benefits include a considerable reduction of leg wound infection (3% superficial inflammation), comfort and improved early mobility. Reduction in late morbidity due to saphenous nerve damage (1.6%), prolonged oedema (0.7%), and delayed sinus formation were also noticeable features. Light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) studies of 57 vein samples showed no excessive trauma to the vein wall but more specifically no evidence of distraction injury to the tributaries when compared with the more traditional dissection technique.
Isolation of Bacteria Envelope Proteins (2012)

Proteomic analysis on cell envelope proteins from Gram-negative bacteria requires specific isolation techniques. We found that conventional extraction methods such as osmotic shock cause extracts to be heavily contaminated with soluble cytoplasmic proteins. These cytoplasmic protein contaminants constitute the major signal in proteomic analysis and can overwhelm the signals coming from genuine envelope components. After extensive testing of various protocols for the preparation of envelope contents, we found that a modified version of the method of Oliver and Beckwith consistently produces the cleanest extract of periplasmic and outer membrane proteins.We have designated this very simple method TSE extraction because it uses a Tris-sucrose solution supplemented with EDTA.Cytoplasmic and inner membrane protein contaminants are not evident on 1D SDS polyacrylamide gels and contribute to less than 6% of total signal in very sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. This straightforward method is therefore ideal for -analyzing specific proteomic changes in the cell envelope.
Modeling of a Variable-Geometry Wave Energy Converter (2020)

A variable-geometry wave energy converter (VGWEC) is presented in this article. The proposed device is designed with multiple controllable panels and a gas chamber. This design allows the buoy to change shape in response to changing wave conditions. A hydrothermodynamic model is developed for the VGWEC and numerical simulations are conducted on the proposed design. First, the hydrodynamic model of the buoy is validated with the classical force oscillation model. Then, a comparison between a VGWEC with a fixed-geometry wave energy converter (FGWEC) is conducted via simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed design has a significant increase in power production compared to the FGWEC when both are controlled using a simple linear damping power take-off unit.
A 360° Extended Range Phase Detector for Type-I PLLs (2005)

This paper presents control circuitry for extending the range of a tri-state phase-frequency detector in a type-I charge-pump phase-locked loop. The extended range phase detector allows the entire range or the voltage controlled oscillator to be used, independent of loop filter gain and other design variables. A phase-locked loop containing the proposed control circuitry has been simulated by SPECTRE with BSIM3v3.2 models, and the expected operation has been confirmed. The phase-locked loop has been fabricated in the IBM 7RF 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Strategic Convergence Bidding in Nodal Electricity Markets: Optimal Bid Selection and Market Implications (2020)

Convergence bidding (CB), a.k.a., virtual bidding (VB), is a market mechanism facilitated by Independent System Operators (ISOs) in wholesale electricity markets to help lower the gap between the prices in the day-ahead market (DAM) and prices in the real-time market (RTM). In this paper, we seek to answer two questions: 1) how can a strategic market participant maximize its profit when submitting CBs? 2) how can such strategically placed CBs affect the price gaps? Answering these questions is not straightforward but the results are insightful. The bidding problem in this context is a bi-level optimization, where the upper-level is about maximizing the profit for the convergence bidder and the lower-level is the economic dispatch problem. By solving the formulated bidding problem, we investigate the impact of strategic CBs on the DAM and RTM locational marginal prices (LMPs) under various practical scenarios. We demonstrate the scenarios under which a strategic CB, whether on its own, or when it is submitted jointly with a physical demand or physical supply bid, can or cannot work as intended, and result in decreasing or increasing the price gap in nodal electricity markets. We also examine how the performance of strategic CBs can be affected by uncertainty in demand or generation bids as well as physical contingencies in the power system, such as transmission line tripping. Special cases, such as net-zero convergence bidding are studied. The long-term performance of strategic convergence bidding is investigated. The above and other market implications are discussed in multiple case studies.
An Accurate von Neumann's Law for Three-Dimensional Foams (2001)

The diffusive coarsening of 2D soap froths is governed by von Neumann's law. A statistical version of this law for dry 3D foams has long been conjectured. A new derivation, based on a theorem by Minkowski, yields an explicit analytical von Neumann's law in 3D which is in very good agreement with detailed simulations and experiments. The average growth rate of a bubble with F faces is shown to be proportional to F1/2 for large F, in contrast to the conjectured linear dependence. Accounting for foam disorder in the model further improves the agreement with data.
Nonpolynucleotide Interferon Inducers (2018)

This chapter discusses the Pyran (maleic anhydride divinylether) copolymer and tilorone, 2,7-bis[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy] fluoren-9-one. Following the initial discovery of the interferon inducing properties of pyran copolymer and tilorone, several other synthetic polycarboxylates, related to pyran copolymer, as well as fluorenone ethers, esters, and ketones, related to tilorone, have been described. Various non-nucleotide substances are able to stimulate interferon production in vivo animals and or leukocyte cultures. The spectrum of antiviral activity of poly acrylic acid (PAA) and chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM) in cell culture has not been analyzed, but the occasional results obtained with PAA and COAM in vitro did not differ markedly from those obtained with polymethacrylic acid PMAA. Thus, Interferon production does not offer a satisfactory explanation for many of the antiviral, antitumoral, and other biological effects demonstrated by polycarboxylates and tilorone in vivo. The observations seem to refute the likelihood that the antiviral, antitumoral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities of polycarboxylates and tilorone are mediated by interferon production.
Organic/inorganic hybrid materials and nanocomposites based upon layered silicates modified with cyclic amidines (2000)

Various cyclic amidinium cations were used to exchange intergallery sodium cations of water-swellable fluorohectorite in order to produce novel families of organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Oligomeric cyclic amidinium cations, such as mono(imidazolinium)-terminated oligostyrene, oligostyrene-co-oligo(acrylonitrile), and oligo(methyl methacrylate) with number-average molecular masses around 3 000 g/mol afforded effective exfoliation during melt processing. Morphology and dynamic mechanical properties were measured as a function of silicate content and silicate modification.
A Power-Free Single-Stripe-Guided Nanoliter Mixer for Micro-channels (2006)

A power-free method is explored to perform mixing in a microchannel without any external active mechanisms such as pumps, valves, or external energies like electrostatic, or magnetic fields. The proposed mixing device is power-free in the sense that the surface tension is the only force that transports, merges, mixes, and stops the liquid. It is cost-effective that the channel has no sidewalls with the liquid being confined to flow between a bottom hydrophilic stripe and a top-covered hydrophobic substrate. Moreover, asymmetric staggered cavities (Stroock et al., Science, 2002, 295, 647) are optimally arranged on the bottom substrate of the channel to help mixing two different liquid species. It is most crucial to this power-free mixing device that two liquid species must be well mixed before the liquids are transported to exit the channel by the surface tension. Here it is found with a strong physical background that this can be achieved if the microchannel has the physical dimensions: 3~5 mum in height, 1.5-2 cm in length with a fixed width 100 mum, and the cavities have a depth comparable to the channel height
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis in Ionic Liquids (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth Rate and Cell Size Modulate the Synthesis of, and Requirement for, G 1 -Phase Cyclins at Start (2004)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commitment to cell cycle progression occurs at Start. Progression past Start requires cell growth and protein synthesis, a minimum cell size, and G(1)-phase cyclins. We examined the relationships among these factors. Rapidly growing cells expressed, and required, dramatically more Cln protein than did slowly growing cells. To clarify the role of cell size, we expressed defined amounts of CLN mRNA in cells of different sizes. When Cln was expressed at nearly physiological levels, a critical threshold of Cln expression was required for cell cycle progression, and this critical threshold varied with both cell size and growth rate: as cells grew larger, they needed less CLN mRNA, but as cells grew faster, they needed more Cln protein. At least in part, large cells had a reduced requirement for CLN mRNA because large cells generated more Cln protein per unit of mRNA than did small cells. When Cln was overexpressed, it was capable of promoting Start rapidly, regardless of cell size or growth rate. In summary, the amount of Cln required for Start depends dramatically on both cell size and growth rate. Large cells generate more Cln1 or Cln2 protein for a given amount of CLN mRNA, suggesting the existence of a novel posttranscriptional size control mechanism.