gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photo‐ and pH‐ Dual‐Responsive β‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Prodrug Complex Self‐Assemblies for Programmed Drug Delivery (2018)

Despite the fact that progress has been made in the application of supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies to enhance the functionality of drug-delivery systems, corresponding research on multi-responsive supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies for programmed drug delivery is still limited. In this paper, the synthesis and self-assembly behavior of supramolecular prodrug complexes (SPCs) with β-cyclodextrin-acylhydrazone-doxorubicin (β-CD-hydrazone-DOX) and the targeting of azobenzene-terminated poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (Azo-PDMA-FA) as a building block were investigated. The obtained SPCs could also form self-assemblies on the basis of their amphiphilic nature. Next, SPC-based multi-compartment vesicles and complex micelles, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic/static light scattering, were obtained with good reversibility under alternative visible light or UV irradiation. Furthermore, three-stage programmed drug-delivery behavior was observed from dual-responsive SPC-based self-assemblies by utilizing UV and pH stimuli. Specifically, the SPCs first self-assembled into multicompartmental vesicles, which was accompanied by a slow release of DOX. Next, UV-light irradiation induced the dissociation of β-CD/Azo, which led to morphology transition and a slight increase in the rate of release of DOX. Upon transferring the self-assemblies to phosphate-buffer solution (pH 5.0), the release rates increased notably as a result of the broken acylhydrazone bond. Finally, basic cell experiments further demonstrated that the SPC-based self-assemblies could be internalized into cancer cells, which suggests their promise for applications in cancer therapy.
Deep Belief Networks using discriminative features for phone recognition (2011)

Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) are multi-layer generative models. They can be trained to model windows of coefficients extracted from speech and they discover multiple layers of features that capture the higher-order statistical structure of the data. These features can be used to initialize the hidden units of a feed-forward neural network that is then trained to predict the HMM state for the central frame of the window. Initializing with features that are good at generating speech makes the neural network perform much better than initializing with random weights. DBNs have already been used successfully for phone recognition with input coefficients that are MFCCs or filterbank outputs. In this paper, we demonstrate that they work even better when their inputs are speaker adaptive, discriminative features. On the standard TIMIT corpus, they give phone error rates of 19.6% using monophone HMMs and a bigram language model and 19.4% using monophone HMMs and a trigram language model.
Relative depth from motion using normal flow: an active and purposive solution (2002)

The authors show how an active observer can compute the relative depth of (stationary or moving) objects in the field of view using only the spatiotemporal derivatives of the time varying image intensity function. The solution they propose is purposive in the sense that it solves only the relative depth from motion problem and cannot be used for other problems related to motion; active in the sense that the activity of the observer is essential for the solution of the problem. Results indicate that exact computation of retinal motion does not appear to be a necessary first step for some problems related to visual motion. In addition, optic flow, whose computation is an ill-posed problem, is related to the motion of the scene only under very restrictive assumptions. As a result, the use of optic flow in some quantitative motion analysis studies is questionable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ontogeny of Toll Like Receptor 2 in the Developing Rat Lung (2008)

Background: Antenatal bacterial colonization and subsequent inflammation of the fetal membranes increases the risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), a disease associated with recruitment of various inflammatory cells to the lung. Innate immune signaling through Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) is used by various pathogens causing antenatal infections. An increase in TLR2 postnatally may thus provide a molecular mechanism by which antenatal bacterial colonization causes subsequent preterm lung disease. Objective: We hypothesized that TLR2 expression increases postnatally in the developing lung, in part because of changes in the oxygen environment. To test this we used a rat model of fetal lung development. Methods: Lungs isolated from embryonic (E) day 15, 16, 18, 20 and postnatal (P) day 2 and 4 rats were used to quantify TLR2 gene expression. For invitro studies, E15 lung explants and mesenchymal cells were isolated and cultured in 21% (postnatal) O 2 or 3% (fetal) O 2 . TLR2 gene expression was measured by RT‐PCR. Results: Lung TLR2 expression increased 700% from E15 to P4 ( P &lt; 0.05). Almost half of this increase (300%) occurred in the first 2 days after birth. There was a trend towards increased expression of TLR2 in both explants (243% increase; P = 0.06) and isolated lung mesenchymal cells (244% increase; P = 0.08) cultured in 21% O 2 Vs 3% O 2 . Conclusion: These data suggests that TLR2 gene expression increases in the immediate postnatal period. This postnatal increase may be mediated in part by changes in oxygen environment after birth. In the presence of antenatal bacterial colonization, increased TLR2 postnatally could lead to increased inflammation and subsequent chronic lung injury.
High-Density Crossbar Arrays Based on a Si Memristive System (2009)

We demonstrate large-scale (1 kb) high-density crossbar arrays using a Si-based memristive system. A two-terminal hysteretic resistive switch (memristive device) is formed at each crosspoint of the array and can be addressed with high yield and ON/OFF ratio. The crossbar array can be implemented as either a resistive random-access-memory (RRAM) or a write-once type memory depending on the device configuration. The demonstration of large-scale crossbar arrays with excellent reproducibility and reliability also facilitates further studies on hybrid nano/CMOS systems.
Autologous versus Allogeneic Limbal Stem Cell Therapy ‐ Challenges and Pitfalls (2011)

Abstract Abstract not provided
A Structurally-Validated Multiple Sequence Alignment of 497 Human Protein Kinase Domains (2019)

Studies on the structures and functions of individual kinases have been used to understand the biological properties of other kinases that do not yet have experimental structures. The key factor in accurate inference by homology is an accurate sequence alignment. We present a parsimonious, structure-based multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 497 human protein kinase domains excluding atypical kinases. The alignment is arranged in 17 blocks of conserved regions and unaligned blocks in between that contain insertions of varying lengths present in only a subset of kinases. The aligned blocks contain well-conserved elements of secondary structure and well-known functional motifs, such as the DFG and HRD motifs. From pairwise, all-against-all alignment of 272 human kinase structures, we estimate the accuracy of our MSA to be 97%. The remaining inaccuracy comes from a few structures with shifted elements of secondary structure, and from the boundaries of aligned and unaligned regions, where compromises need to be made to encompass the majority of kinases. A new phylogeny of the protein kinase domains in the human genome based on our alignment indicates that ten kinases previously labeled as "OTHER" can be confidently placed into the CAMK group. These kinases comprise the Aurora kinases, Polo kinases, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinases.
Rydberg Detection of Spin-Polarized Hydrogen Atoms in Chemical Reactions (2017)

An approach to detect the velocity dependence of spin-polarized H atoms has recently been developed. The technique, termed spin-polarized hydrogen Rydberg time-of-flight (SPH-RTOF), permits direct measurement of spin-polarized H atoms born from a photodissociation or scattering event. The resulting H-atom spin polarization can be fully described by three anisotropy parameters, all of which are captured in SPH-RTOF. This review describes the approach in detail, provides a theoretical description that allows the experimentally obtained values to relate to the underlying dissociation dynamics of a molecule, and summarizes the first applications of SPH-RTOF to the UV photodissociation of H(D)Br.
Single and tandem Fabry–Perot etalons as solar background filters for lidar (1999)

Atmospheric lidar is difficult in daylight because of sunlight scattered into the receiver field of view. In this research methods for the design and performance analysis of Fabry-Perot etalons as solar background filters are presented. The factor by which the signal to background ratio is enhanced is defined as a measure of the performance of the etalon as a filter. Equations for evaluating this parameter are presented for single-, double-, and triple-etalon filter systems. The role of reflective coupling between etalons is examined and shown to substantially reduce the contributions of the second and third etalons to the filter performance. Attenuators placed between the etalons can improve the filter performance, at modest cost to the signal transmittance. The principal parameter governing the performance of the etalon filters is the etalon defect finesse. Practical limitations on etalon plate smoothness and parallelism cause the defect finesse to be relatively low, especially in the ultraviolet, and this sets upper limits to the capability of tandem etalon filters to suppress the solar background at tolerable cost to the signal.
COMPARISON OF DATA FROM MODEL FIBER FILTERS WITH DIFFUSION, INTERCEPTION AND INERTIAL DEPOSITION MODELS (1996)

Experiments are carried out using special filters with known structural characteristics to study the stationary phase of filtration of liquid aerosols by fibrous filters in the diffusion, interception and inertial regimes. In the domains of diffusion and interception, a comparison made with published models has enabled the selection of two relationships correctly describing these mechanisms both in the slip and continuum regimes. On the other hand, in the inertial domain, an empirical correlation has been established for the single fiber impaction efficiency for viscous flows. All our results have been validated by measurements on an industrial filter.
Ru(0) and Ru(II) Nitrosyl Pincer Complexes: Structure, Reactivity, and Catalytic Activity (2013)

Despite considerable interest in ruthenium carbonyl pincer complexes and their substantial catalytic activity, there has been relatively little study of the isoelectronic ruthenium nitrosyl complexes. Here we describe the synthesis and reactivity of several complexes of this type as well as the catalytic activity of complex 6. Reaction of the PNP ligand (PNP = 2,6-bis((t)Bu2PCH2)pyridine) with RuCl3(NO)(PPh3)2 yielded the Ru(II) complex 3. Chloride displacement by BAr(F-) (BAr(F-) = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) gave the crystallographicaly characterized, linear NO Ru(II) complex 4, which upon treatment with NaBEt3H yielded the Ru(0) complexes 5. The crystallographically characterized Ru(0) square planar complex 5·BF4 bears a linear NO ligand located trans to the pyridilic nitrogen. Further treatment of 5·BF4 with excess LiOH gave the crystallographicaly characterized Ru(0) square planar, linear NO complex 6. Complex 6 catalyzes the dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters, reaching full conversion under air or under argon. Reaction of the PNN ligand (PNN = 2-((t)Bu2PCH2)-6-(Et2NCH2)pyridine) with RuCl3(NO)(H2O)2 in ethanol gave an equilibrium mixture of isomers 7a and 7b. Further treatment of 7a + 7b with 2 equivalent of sodium isopropoxide gave the crystallographicaly characterized, bent-nitrosyl, square pyramidal Ru(II) complex 8. Complex 8 was also synthesized by reaction of PNN with RuCl3(NO)(H2O)2 and Et3N in ethanol. Reaction of the "long arm" PN(2)N ligand (PN(2)N = 2-((t)Bu2PCH2-)-6-(Et2NCH2CH2)pyridine) with RuCl3(NO)(H2O)2 in ethanol gave complex 9, which upon treatment with 2 equiv of sodium isopropoxide gave complex 10. Complex 10 was also synthesized directly by reaction of PN(2)N with RuCl3(NO)(H2O)2 and a base in ethanol. A noteworthy aspect of these nitrosyl complexes is their preference for the Ru(0) oxidization state over Ru(II). This preference is observed with both aromatized and dearomatized pincer ligands, in contrast to the Ru(II) oxidation state which is preferred by the analogous carbonyl complexes.
The role of cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc in the DNA replication inhibitory activity of p‐aminophenyl triphenylporphyrin (2004)

Abstract Cationic porphyrins have been widely used as tumor localizers in cancer therapies. When cationic porphyrins are flat they intercalate with double‐stranded DNA, duplexes of RNA or RNA–DNA. The antitumor activity of some cationic porphyrins depends on their interaction with human telomeric quadruplexes. Here, we report that noncationic meso ‐(4‐aminophenyl)triphenylporphyrin (H 2 TPPNH 2 ) ( 3 ) and its cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc metallo derivatives ( 4 – 7 ) have DNA replication inhibitory activity in B16 mouse melanoma line cells. By means of quantification of 3 HdTT radio‐labeled DNA, we observed that the nonplanar porphyrin [CoTPPNH 2 ] has the highest activity against carcinogenic DNA replication. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Selectivity of butanol isomers by enclathration (2008)

The structures of the inclusion compounds formed by the host 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane with 1-butanol, iso-butanol and 2-butanol have been elucidated. Competition experiments between pairs of butanol guests and simultaneously by all three butanols show that the selectivity is in the order: 2-butanol > iso-butanol > 1-butanol. This correlates with their thermal stabilities measured by DSC.
Charge Properties of Bi-Rich Strontium Bismuth Tantalate Thin Films (2000)

The thermal behavior of charge properties and the polarization-retention of a Sr 0.8 Bi 2.2 Ta 2 O 9 thin film were investigated in a range from room temperature to 558 K. The anomaly caused by the thermally stimulated space charge was observed. The anomaly started at about 425 K and showed a peak at about 525 K. However, the thermal behavior of the charge properties of the film in this temperature range is explained as being in a ferroelectric phase according to the Landau theory.
Employing Process, Benchmark Automation, and Real-Time Analysis to Improve Drilling Efficiency (2016)

Abstract Using the right offset well data to plan the next project is critical, but performance expectations get diluted when metrics are averaged over large depth ranges. Focusing on the rate of penetration (ROP), a benchmarking process was developed to improve drilling efficiencies. The whole process was automated and included a real-time analysis of the well being drilled that was capable of quickly identifying the 1) offset wells based on location, lithology, well type, and performance; 2) sectors within those wells with common formation, wellbore, and tubular characteristics; and 3) the effective technical limit (ETL)—the best drilling performance that realistically can be repeated. The process mentioned in this paper identifies opportunities for operators to reduce inefficiencies while drilling, allowing users to take action while there is still opportunity to mitigate or eliminate the damage. Using the guided workflow and real-time data to identify and select the appropriate offset wells, multiple ETL sectors are created based on the characteristics they share (formation, wellbore, tubular). During real-time operations, when the same set of characteristics for a particular sector is met, ETL data for that sector are displayed, and users can evaluate performance in real time compared to best historical performance. This paper also presents a case study in which this process was applied to improve an operator's drilling efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Polyfunctionally Substituted Benzo(b) thiophen‐2‐yl‐pyrimidine, ‐pyrazole, ‐isoxazole, and ‐pyridazine Derivatives. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Is wheat individual grain characteristics variance a source of genetic variability for water stress tolerance? (2018)

la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publis ou non, manant des tablissements d'enseignement et de recherche franais ou trangers, des laboratoires publics ou privs.
Synthesis of Extended π‐Systems through C–H Activation (2014)

Activation of aromatic CH bonds by a transition metal catalyst has received significant attention in the synthetic chemistry community. In recent years, rapid and site-selective extension of π-electron systems by C-H activation has emerged as an ideal methodology for preparing organic materials with extended π-systems. This Review focuses on recently reported π-extending C-H activation reactions directed toward new optoelectronic conjugated materials.
July 2015 imaging case of the month (2015)

Clinical History: A 40-year-old woman with a history of left breast malignancy diagnosed 11 years earlier, initially treated with lumpectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, followed by Herceptin), later treated with mastectomy following recurrence 2 years after diagnosis, presented with a several month history of upper respiratory infectious symptoms, including congestion, productive cough, and rhinorrhea. The patient also complained of some fatigue, although she was still active; she denied shortness of breath initially, but claimed that increasing breathlessness had developed more recently, limiting her exercise tolerance. The patient denied gastrointestinal, gynecological, musculoskeletal, or neurological complaints and no weight loss had occurred.
Diffuse White Matter Lesions in Carbon Disulfide Intoxication: Microangiopathy or Demyelination (2003)

Long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS(2)) may induce diffuse encephalopathy with parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive impairments, as well as axonal polyneuropathy. The pathogenic mechanisms of diffuse encephalopathy are unclear, although vasculopathy and toxic demyelination have been proposed. Recently, we have encountered a patient who developed headache, limb tremors, gait disturbance, dysarthria, memory impairment, and emotional lability after long-term exposure to CS(2). The brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed diffuse hyperintensity lesions in T(2)-weighted images in the subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, and brain stem. The brain computed tomography perfusion study revealed a diffusely decreased regional cerebral blood flow and prolonged regional mean transit time in the subcortical white matter and basal ganglion. To our knowledge, there have been few reports demonstrating diffuse white matter lesions in chronic CS(2) encephalopathy using brain MRI. In addition, the (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 single photon emission computed tomography showed a normal uptake of the dopamine transporter, indicating a normal presynaptic dopaminergic pathway. We conclude that diffuse white matter lesions may develop after chronic exposure to CS(2), possibly through microangiopathy. In addition, CS(2) poisoning can be considered as one of the causes of chronic leukoencephalopathy.
Crossover behavior of the conductance oscillations in a quasi-one-dimensional ring in the ballistic limit (1996)

We have theoretically investigated the temperature dependence of the Aharonov-Bohm-type conductance oscillations in a mesoscopic ring structure in the purely ballistic limit. We have found that there is a crossover with temperature that is characteristic of the conductance oscillations: the usual Aharonov-Bohm oscillations are observed only above the crossover temperature and the oscillations by the electron's motion encircling the ring region predominate below the crossover temperature. We have also found that, below the crossover temperature, the amplitude of the conductance oscillations is observed to decrease exponentially with temperature, whereas it decreases linearly above the crossover temperature, whose behavior is in sharp contrast to the diffusive case. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Detection of Hepatitis C Virus by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Response to Interferon–α Therapy: Relationship to Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus (1992)

To investigate the relationship between genotypes of hepatitis C virus and response to interferon-alpha therapy, hepatitis C virus RNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction with three sets of primers and probes in 70 patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis who received interferon-alpha. Twenty-four patients sustained long-term remissions (complete responders). Polymerase chain reaction for 5'-terminal noncoding region detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 94.3% (66 of 70) of the patients. Polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3, in which primers and a probe were synthesized to be identical to hepatitis C virus-J, detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 40 patients. Polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5-in which sequences of primers and a probe were derived from hepatitis C virus-K2, a genotype different from hepatitis C virus-J--detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 17 patients. Only one patient was positive on both nonstructural region 3 and nonstructural region 5 polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequence of clones obtained from 5' terminal noncoding region polymerase chain reaction products of two patients positive on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 1) corresponded to that of the hepatitis C virus-J group, and those of clones from two patients negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and positive on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 2) corresponded to that of hepatitis C virus-K2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of ECHO PS Positioning System in a Porcine Model of Simulated Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair (2013)

Purpose. Operative efficiency improvements for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) have focused on reducing operative time while maintaining overall repair efficacy. Our objective was to evaluate procedure time and positioning accuracy of an inflatable mesh positioning device (Echo PS Positioning System), as compared to a standard transfascial suture technique, using a porcine model of simulated LVHR. Methods. The study population consisted of seventeen general surgeons (n = 17) that performed simulated LVHR on seventeen (n = 17) female Yorkshire pigs using two implantation techniques: (1) Ventralight ST Mesh + Echo PS Positioning System (Echo PS) and (2) Ventralight ST Mesh + transfascial sutures (TSs). Procedure time and mesh centering accuracy overtop of a simulated surgical defect were evaluated. Results. Echo PS demonstrated a 38.9% reduction in the overall procedure time, as compared to TS. During mesh preparation and positioning, Echo PS demonstrated a 60.5% reduction in procedure time (P < 0.0001). Although a trend toward improved centering accuracy was observed for Echo PS (16.2%), this was not significantly different than TS. Conclusions. Echo PS demonstrated a significant reduction in overall simulated LVHR procedure time, particularly during mesh preparation/positioning. These operative time savings may translate into reduced operating room costs and improved surgeon/operating room efficiency.