gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolayer Doping of Si with Improved Oxidation Resistance (2016)

In this article, the functionalization of planar silicon with arsenic- and phosphorus-based azides was investigated. Covalently bonded and well-ordered alkyne-terminated monolayers were prepared from a range of commercially available dialkyne precursors using a well-known thermal hydrosilylation mechanism to form an acetylene-terminated monolayer. The terminal acetylene moieties were further functionalized through the application of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions between dopant-containing azides and the terminal acetylene groups. The introduction of dopant molecules via this method does not require harsh conditions typically employed in traditional monolayer doping approaches, enabling greater surface coverage with improved resistance toward reoxidation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed successful dialkyne incorporation with minimal Si surface oxidation, and monitoring of the C 1s and N 1s core-level spectra showed successful azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements showed effective diffusion of the activated dopant atoms into the Si substrates.
Molecular structures of [(Ph3Sn)(2)O3Se] and [(Ph3Sn)(2)O4Cr](CH3OH) (2007)

Molecular structures of [(Ph3Sn)(2)O3Se] (1) and [(Ph3Sn)(2)O4Cr](CH3OH) (2) have been determined using spectroscopic techniques and X-ray analysis. Each structure consists of polymers containing two types of tin centres: one of them is bridged by two oxygen atoms of the trifunctional oxyanion into a helical chain while the other is pendant to this chain. In the case of the chromato derivative the pendant tin is also bonded to the oxygen atom of the solvent (methanol); hydrogen bonds between the methanol and the non-coordinated oxygen of the chromate generate a three-dimensional structure containing tin atoms in a trigonal bipyramidal environment. In contrast, the two tin centres in the non-solvated selenito derivative have distinct geometries (tetrahedral and trigonal bipyramidal). Variable temperature Mossbauer spectroscopy data are consistent with the polymeric structure of the selenito derivative while NMR spectroscopy shows the presence of monomeric species in solution. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Optimality and Approximate Optimality of Source-Channel Separation in Networks (2010)

We consider the source-channel separation architecture for lossy source coding in communication networks. It is shown that the separation approach is optimal in two general scenarios, and is approximately optimal in a third scenario. The two scenarios for which separation is optimal complement each other: the first is when the memoryless sources at source nodes are arbitrarily correlated, each of which is to be reconstructed at possibly multiple destinations within certain distortions, but the channels in this network are synchronized, orthogonal and memoryless point-to-point channels; the second is when the memoryless sources are mutually independent, each of which is to be reconstructed only at one destination within a certain distortion, but the channels are general, including multi-user channels such as multiple access, broadcast, interference and relay channels, possibly with feedback. The third scenario, for which we demonstrate approximate optimality of source-channel separation, generalizes the second scenario by allowing each source to be reconstructed at multiple destinations with different distortions. For this case, the loss from optimality by using the separation approach can be upper-bounded when a "difference" distortion measure is taken, and in the special case of quadratic distortion measure, this leads to universal constant bounds.
Silicon Photonics Wavelength Selective Switch With Unlimited Free Spectral Range (2020)

We propose a novel silicon photonics wavelength selective switch (WSS) with sidewall-corrugated contra-directional couplers (C-DCs), which has an unlimited free spectral range and is suitable for broadband operation. Fabricated 2 × 2 1-ch and 2-ch WSSs demonstrate the expected operation with channel wavelengths of 1532 and 1553 nm, a 3-dB bandwidth of ~3 nm, a flattop spectral shape, and an outband extinction ratio larger than 30 dB over a wavelength range wider than C-band. We discuss a limiting factor for the lower inband extinction of ~15 dB, which is a leakage to the bar port in the Mach-Zehnder (MZ) switch. Matching the center wavelength of each MZ switch to the Bragg wavelength of the corresponding C-DCs will improve the inband extinction ratio to be larger than 30 dB.
A Case of Cavernous Haemangioma of the Spleen (1976)

The clinical and pathological data of a case of cavernous haemangioma of the spleen are reported. The diagnostic value of scanning in the present case is discussed.
Bipolar Nanoimpact Transients: Controlling the Redox Potential of Nanoparticles in Solution (2020)

In the bulk solution phase the electrical potential of a single metallic nanoparticle can be controlled by its local chemical environment. In this work it is demonstrated how this nanoparticle “redox” potential determines—in the case of platinum—the surface functionality of the nanomaterial. Specifically we report that in the aqueous solution phase the surface adsorption of hydrogen onto the platinum interface is inhibited by the addition of iodine to the solution. The iodine does not competitively inhibit the hydrogen deposition, but rather alters the nanoparticle potential, making it comparatively oxidizing. This work evidences this behavior through single nanoparticle electrochemistry and supports these results with characterization using ex-situ energy dispersive X-ray analysis. We show how the electrochemical response depends on the chemical “redox” state of the nanoparticle in the solution phase; this leads to the first reported example of a bipolar single nanoparticle event characterized by the single nanoparticle impact current transient initially being reductive before switching after ca. 50 ms to being oxidative.
A neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the VPS51 subunit of the GARP and EARP complexes (2018)

Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) and endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) are related heterotetrameric complexes that associate with the cytosolic face of the trans-Golgi network and recycling endosomes, respectively. At these locations, GARP and EARP function to promote the fusion of endosome-derived transport carriers with their corresponding compartments. GARP and EARP share three subunits, VPS51, VPS52 and VPS53, and each has an additional complex-specific subunit, VPS54 or VPS50, respectively. The role of these complexes in human physiology, however, remains poorly understood. By exome sequencing, we have identified compound heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the shared GARP/EARP subunit VPS51 in a 6-year-old patient with severe global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, epilepsy, cortical vision impairment, pontocerebellar abnormalities, failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, lower extremity edema and dysmorphic features. The mutation in one allele causes a frameshift that produces a longer but highly unstable protein that is degraded by the proteasome. In contrast, the other mutant allele produces a protein with a single amino acid substitution that is stable but assembles less efficiently with the other GARP/EARP subunits. Consequently, skin fibroblasts from the patient have reduced levels of fully assembled GARP and EARP complexes. Likely because of this deficiency, the patient's fibroblasts display altered distribution of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, which normally sorts acid hydrolases to lysosomes. Furthermore, a fraction of the patient's fibroblasts exhibits swelling of lysosomes. These findings thus identify a novel genetic locus for a neurodevelopmental disorder and highlight the critical importance of GARP/EARP function in cellular and organismal physiology.
A measurement setup for THz detectors characterization validated on FET-based CMOS test structures (2015)

A test setup and measurement methodology is presented for characterization of direct THz detectors to be used in imaging application. An active imaging setup is employed whereby the detector is illuminated by a dedicated continuous wave THz source and detector response is measured using a lock-in amplifier. The THz detector is accompanied by an on-chip antenna for the reception of THz waves and its antenna directivity is measured in both the E and H planes in order to calculate the effective pixel area of the detector. The setup employs a reference detector to measure the received input power instead of using transmitting antenna specifications. Several issues, such as the background noise arising in the setup and standing waves interference have also been taken into consideration. Based on the measured input power of the detector, performance parameters of FET based THz detector are calculated and presented.
Kinetic many-body model of recrystallization of pure and doped amorphous silicon (1986)

A new kinetic many-body model for the regrowth mechanism of pure and highly doped amorphous silicon is reported. This model, which is applicable to the study of other regrowth processes, is based on the kinetic many-body theory of thermally activated rate processes in solids. It explains (a) the enhanced recrystallization rate when B, P, and As atoms are introduced into amorphous Si, (b) the reduced recrystallization rate when amorphous Si contains O and C atoms, and (c) the impurity-concentration dependence of the regrowth rate.
Real-Time Hand Gesture Interface for Browsing Medical Images (2008)

Abstract A gesture interface is developed for users, such as doctors/surgeons, to browse medical images in a sterile medical environment. Avision-based gesture capture system interprets user's gestures in real-time to manipulate objects in an image visualization environment. A color distribution model of the gamut of colors of the users hand or glove is built at the start of each session resulting in an independent system. The gesture system relies on real-time robust tracking of the user's hand based on acolor-motion fusion model, in which the relative weight applied to the motion and color cues are adaptively determined according to the state of the system. Dynamic navigation gestures are translated to commands based on their relative positions on the screen. A state machine switches between other gestures such as zoom and rotate, as well as a sleep state. Performance evaluation included gesture recognition accuracy, task learning, and rotation accuracy. Fast task learning rates were found with convergence after ten trials. A beta test of a system prototype was conducted during a live brain biopsy operation, where neurosurgeons were able to browse through MRI images of the patient's brain using the sterile hand gesture interface. The surgeons indicated the system was easy to use and fast with high overall satisfaction.
Medicago truncatula Ferroportin2 mediates iron import into nodule symbiosomes (2020)

Iron is an essential cofactor for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, required by many of the enzymes involved, including signal transduction proteins, O<sub>2</sub> homeostasis systems, and nitrogenase itself. Consequently, host plants have developed a transport network to deliver essential iron to nitrogen-fixing nodule cells. Ferroportin family members in model legume Medicago truncatula were identified and their expression was determined. Yeast complementation assays, immunolocalization, characterization of a tnt1 insertional mutant line, and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence assays were carried out in the nodule-specific M. truncatula ferroportin Medicago truncatula nodule-specific gene Ferroportin2 (MtFPN2) is an iron-efflux protein. MtFPN2 is located in intracellular membranes in the nodule vasculature and in inner nodule tissues, as well as in the symbiosome membranes in the interzone and early-fixation zone of the nodules. Loss-of-function of MtFPN2 alters iron distribution and speciation in nodules, reducing nitrogenase activity and biomass production. Using promoters with different tissular activity to drive MtFPN2 expression in MtFPN2 mutants, we determined that expression in the inner nodule tissues is sufficient to restore the phenotype, while confining MtFPN2 expression to the vasculature did not improve the mutant phenotype. These data indicate that MtFPN2 plays a primary role in iron delivery to nitrogen-fixing bacteroids in M. truncatula nodules.
Online temporal-spatial analysis for detection of critical events in Cyber-Physical Systems (2014)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) employ sensors to observe physical environments and to detect events of interest. Equipped with sensing, computing, and communication capabilities, Cyber-Physical Systems aim to make physical-systems smart(er). For example, smart electricity meters nowadays measure and report power consumption as well as critical events such as power outages. However, each day, such sensors report a variety of warnings and errors: many merely indicate transient faults or short instabilities of the physical system (environment). Thus, given the big volumes of data, the time-efficient processing of these events, especially in large-scale scenarios with hundreds of thousands of sensors, is a key challenge in CPSs. Motivated by the fact that critical events of CPSs often have temporal-spatial properties, we focus on identifying critical events by an online temporal-spatial analysis on the data stream of messages. We explicitly model the online detection problem as a single-linkage clustering on a data stream over a sliding-window, where the inherent computational complexity of the detection problem is derived. Based on this model, we propose a grid-based single-linkage clustering algorithm over a sliding-window, which is an online time-space efficient method satisfying the quick processing demand of big data streams. We analyze the performance of the proposed approach by both a series of propositions and a large, real-world data-set of deployed CPS, composing 300,000 sensors, over one year. We show that the proposed method identifies above 95% of the critical events in the data-set and save the time-space requirement by 4 orders of magnitude compared with the conventional clustering method.
Project presentation: Protecting the Flemish environment against drift - the importance of drift-reducing techniques (2004)

Summary Over the last decade, drift of pesticides caused by spraying has been recognised as a major problem for the environment. Especially for the specific situation in Flanders, there is still a lack of information concerning this topic. That is why the Agricultural Research Centre and the Universities of Leuven and Ghent joined forces in a new project: ‘Protecting the Flemish environment against drift – The importance of drift-reducing techniques’. This project just started in September 2003. Hence, at the moment of writing this paper, no practical results are available. The main objectives of this project are: 1. Obtaining an in-depth scientific insight into drift (vapour and droplet), related to the formulation and spraying technique for boom sprayers for Flemish conditions (soil, climate, small landscape elements, environmental planning, etc.). 2. Developing an application method for the users of plant protection products to apply these products as economically and ecologically as possible. 3. Developing a spray drift model using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a scenario for the evaluation of new products and drift-reducing techniques. This paper describes briefly the objectives and the proposed materials and methods of this research project funded by the Ministry of the Flemish Community.
CVD Co capping layers for Cu/low-k interconnects: Cu EM enhancement vs. Co thickness (2011)

Co films with various thicknesses were selectively deposited as Cu capping layers by chemical vapor deposition technique. Selectivity of the Co deposition between Cu and dielectric surfaces was improved by both raising the deposition pressure and adopting a pre-clean process prior to the Co deposition. Degree of electromigration resistance enhancement was observed to be dependent on the deposited Co thickness. Compared to the no-Co control, significant EM lifetime enhancement was observed when the Co cap is thicker than 6nm.
Imaging through Turbid Media (2014)

Imaging within tissues and living organisms at visible wavelengths is limited by highly scattering and absorbing nature of such environments. Novel holography-based strategies to overcome these unwanted deviations will be discussed in the lecture.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Truncated DNMT3B Isoform DNMT3B7 Suppresses Growth, Induces Differentiation, and Alters DNA Methylation in Human Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 346K, DNA methylation of Satellite 2 repetitive elements.&lt;/p&gt;
Vitamin B6 intake/supplementation, Plasma PLP and inflammatory disease (2008)

Introduction: Patients with the inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, have significantly lower plasma pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate (PLP) levels than controls, despite normal intakes and metabolism of vitamin B6. Because of the theoretical role for PLP in the inflammatory response, we sought to investigate plasma PLP levels in patients with other chronic inflammatory conditions. Methods: We searched pubmed for studies that examined plasma PLP levels in diseases that are known to involve inflammation, using keywords such as plasma PLP, vitamin B6, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Results: All studies that examined plasma PLP levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (N=5), inflammatory bowel disease (N=1), and diabetes (N=3) reported that patients had lower levels of plasma PLP than controls despite normal intakes. For CVD, 16 out of 20 studies found patients to have lower plasma PLP levels than controls and/or a higher prevalence of PLP deficiency than in controls. Collectively , these studies find plasma PLP to be inversely correlated with markers of inflammation including: CRP, α‐acid‐glycoprotein, fibrinogen, ICAM, VCAM, IL‐6r, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Discussion: The basis for these relationships is presently unclear. Supplementation with B6 is effective in increasing plasma PLP levels, but this does not seem to bring about an improvement in disease outcomes. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the observed decrease in plasma PLP is caused by its mobilization and utilization by the inflamed tissue. If so, in those cases where chronic inflammation has adverse effects, PLP supplementation could be harmful. Clearly, further research into the role of PLP in inflammatory disease is a priority.
On “Maximizing the Reliability and Safety of the Distally Based Sural Artery Flap (J Reconstr Microsurg 2008;24:589–594)” (2009)

We read with great interest Wong and Tan's[1] article on maximizing the reliability and safety of the distally based sural artery flap. We compliment the authors for their extensive literature analysis and description of various controversies regarding the distally based superficial sural artery flap. We also agree that this flap is very useful for soft tissue coverage involving the distal third of the leg, ankle, and the proximal dorsal foot.[2] As an axial flap with a distal pivot point and a narrow but long pedicle, the arc of rotation can be very large. This flap can even be used in patients with diabetes or arteriosclerosis and who have had a revascularization bypass procedure. In these selective cases, the flap can be delayed to maximize vascularity.[3]
The role of ion channels and transporters in cell proliferation and cancer (2013)

After the early wavering steps tracing back to at least the 1960's Wide evidence is now available about the regulatory roles exerted by ion channels and transporters on the cell cycle phases Ion transport is implicated in these cell functions in many ways, from the classic mechanisms relating membrane potential (V m ) to Ca 2+ homeostasis, to the control of pH, cell volume, growth factor release, interaction with the extracellular matrix, and so forth. Some of these actions probably occur through non-conductive mechanisms, such as intrinsic enzyme activity or conformational coupling with other membrane proteins (e.g., A major function of ion channels is to mediate the cell interaction with its environment. In the case of cancer cells, the interaction with the tumor milieu' has relevant implications for therapy
Synthesis and Characterization of ERI-Type UZM-12 Zeolites and Their Methanol-to-Olefin Performance (2010)

A wide variety of different linear, diquaternary alkylammonium ions have been used as supplementary crystallization structure-directing agents (SDAs) in the synthesis of UZM-12, a high-silica version of zeolite erionite, via a charge density mismatch (CDM) approach. When tetraethylammonium is used as a CDM SDA, the crystallization of UZM-12 was found to be critically dependent not only on the type of alkali metal cations added as another crystallization SDA to the synthesis mixture, but also on the size of the groups on the diquaternary ammonium ion employed and the length of its central polymethylene chain that are closely related to the dimensions of cylindrical 23-hedral [4(12)6(5)8(6)] eri cages in this small-pore zeolite. (27)Al MQ MAS NMR measurements reveal a preferential location of Al on the high-multiplicity site over the lower-multiplicity site of the UZM-12 framework. The catalytic results from the methanol-to-olefin reaction over a series of H-UZM-12 zeolites with similar acidic properties but different crystallite sizes (100-2500 nm in length) demonstrate that the nanocrystallinity (probably the ≤100 nm range) may have a detrimental effect on the activity and stability for this reaction, probably due to the fast buildup of large coke molecules on the external surface of zeolite crystallites that inhibits the methanol diffusion to intrazeolitic acid sites, rendering them ultimately inaccessible for catalysis.
Gene-Category Analysis (2016)

Gene-category analysis is one important knowledge integration approach in biomedical sciences that combines knowledge bases such as Gene Ontology with lists of genes or their products, which are often the result of high-throughput experiments, gained from either wet-lab or synthetic experiments. In this chapter, we will motivate this class of analyses and describe an often used variant that is based on Fisher's exact test. We show that this approach has some problems in the context of Gene Ontology of which users should be aware. We then describe some more recent algorithms that try to address some of the shortcomings of the standard approach.
Internal Resonance of a Beam/Traveling-Mass System (2000)

Abstract The dynamics of a cantilever beam undergoing large amplitude oscillations while experiencing a nonlinear interaction with an attached lumped spring/mass system are investigated. The resulting partial differential equations contain trigonometric non-linearities that are treated using methods of weighted residuals and do not require series expansions about the equilibrium positions. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved using a formulation of the average acceleration method.