gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Attenuation Correction System for a Dedicated Small FOV, Dual Head, Fixed-90�, Cardiac Gamma Camera Using Arrays of Gd-153 Line Sources (2006)

A new transmission source-based attenuation correction system, c.clear, has been developed for the Siemens c.cam cardiac SPECT camera. The transmission sources are two arrays of 14 Gd-153 line sources placed in cassette wings affixed to the detectors. The source strengths decrease geometrically away from the array center. The absorbed radiation dose received from these sources is about 0.01% of that received from a conventional Tl-201 myocardial scan. The line sources are stationary relative to the detector during the SPECT scan. The emission and transmission radiation are acquired simultaneously and are inherently registered spatially and temporally, so avoiding misregistration artifacts. Transmission reconstruction is performed using an ordered subset maximum likelihood algorithm with gradient descent. It models the geometry of the sources and the radiation emanating from these sources as narrow fan beams. The parameters of this model are estimated from near and far blank calibration images. It includes correction for the Compton emission down-scatter into the transmission energy window that occurs during the simultaneous Tc-99m and Gd-153 imaging. The down-scatter is estimated from down-scatter measured for a short interval when the line sources are obstructed by shutters in the cassette wings. The down-scatter is estimated by linear filtering using the measured short-interval down-scatter and the emission data. The transverse FOV of the camera can truncate the transmission radiation, particularly for obese or improperly positioned patients. Compensation for such truncations is achieved by employing robust data extrapolation techniques and extending the model of the source geometry beyond the measured FOV. This attenuation correction method has been investigated using both phantom and clinical studies and has been shown to produce corrected emission reconstructions of excellent quality.
A molecular electron density theory study of the insertion of CO into frustrated Lewis pair boron-amidines: a [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction (2019)

The insertion of CO into hydrogenated boron-amidine 1 yielding five-membered diazaborolone (5DAB) 3 has been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the DFT ωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) level. This is a domino process comprised of two consecutive reactions: (i) the dehydrogenation of 1 yielding the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) boron-amidine 4, which quickly equilibrates with four-membered diazaborolone (4DAB) 2; and (ii) the addition of CO into FLP 4, yielding the final 5DAB 3. Analysis of the Gibbs free energies indicates that the extrusion of H2 demands a high ΔG≠ of 28.6 kcal·mol-1, being endergonic by 6.7 kcal·mol-1. The subsequent addition of CO into FLP 4 presents a low ΔG≠ of 15.0 kcal·mol-1; formation of 5DAB 3 being exergonic by -5.7 kcal·mol-1 from hydrogenated boron-amidine 1. An analysis of the bonding changes along the insertion of CO in a smaller FLP model indicates that this reaction can be considered a [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction taking place via a five-membered pseudocyclic transition state associated with a two-stage one-step mechanism. Analysis of the conceptual DFT reactivity indices suggests that the initial attack of CO on FLP 4 is an acid/base process in which the carbenoid carbonyl character allows CO to participate as a Lewis base, rather than a nucleophilic/electrophilic interaction. The results arising from the analysis of the Parr functions, however, coincide with this behaviour.
Polymers with pH-Dependent Solubility: Possibility of Use in the Formulation of Gastroresistant and Controlled-Release Matrix Tablets (2000)

Polymers usually utilized for gastroresistant film coating of tablets or pellets such as cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), and Eudragit L and S were used in the preparation of drug/polymer matrix tablets. These tablets were prepared either by direct compression of both powders or by the formulation of microspheres that were then compressed. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry analyses. Dissolution studies were finally carried out to verify if the tablets possessed gastroresistant or controlled-release characteristics. Except for Eudragit L, the polymers can be used under certain conditions in the formulation of modified-release tablets.
Linear support vector machines with normalizations (2015)

In this paper, we start with the standard support vector machine (SVM) formulation and extend it by proposing a general SVM that allows many different variations captured by normalizations in the formulation with very diverse numerical performance. The proposed formulation can not only capture the existing work, i.e., standard soft-margin SVM, ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -SVM, as special cases, but also enable us to propose more SVMs that outperform the existing ones under some scenarios.
Limbic Corticostriatal Systems and Delayed Reinforcement (2004)

Impulsive choice, one aspect of impulsivity, is characterized by an abnormally high preference for small, immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, and can be a feature of adolescence, but also attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Both the serotonin and dopamine neuromodulator systems are implicated in impulsivity; manipulations of these systems affect animal models of impulsive choice, though these effects may depend on the receptor subtype and whether or not the reward is signaled. These systems project to limbic cortical and striatal structures shown to be abnormal in animal models of ADHD. Damage to the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) causes rats to exhibit impulsive choice. These rats are also hyperactive, but are unimpaired in tests of visuospatial attention; they may therefore represent an animal model of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Lesions to the anterior cingulate or medial prefrontal cortex, two afferents to the AcbC, do not induce impulsive choice, but lesions of the basolateral amygdala do, while lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex have had opposite effects in different tasks measuring impulsive choice. In theory, impulsive choice may emerge as a result of abnormal processing of the magnitude of rewards, or as a result of a deficit in the effects of delayed reinforcement. Recent evidence suggests that AcbC-lesioned rats perceive reward magnitude normally, but exhibit a selective deficit in learning instrumental responses using delayed reinforcement, suggesting that the AcbC is a reinforcement learning system that mediates the effects of delayed rewards.
Standing-Wave Feeding for High-Gain Linear Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) Array (2022)

A novel feeding method for linear DRA arrays is presented, illuminating the use of the power divider, transitions, and launchers, and keeping uniform excitation to array elements. This results in a high-gain DRA array with low losses with a design that is simple, compact and inexpensive. The proposed feeding method is based on exciting standing waves using discrete metallic patches in a simple design procedure. Two arrays with two and four DRA elements are presented as a proof of concept, which provide high gains of 12 and 15dBi, respectively, which are close to the theoretical limit based on array theory. The radiation efficiency for both arrays is about 93%, which is equal to the array element efficiency, confirming that the feeding method does not add losses as in the case of standard methods. To facilitate the fabrication process, the entire array structure is 3D-printed, which significantly decreases the complexity of fabrication and alignment. Compared to state-of-the-art feeding techniques, the proposed method provides higher gain and higher efficiency with a smaller electrical size.
Identification of a growth hormone-responsive STAT5-binding element in the rat insulin 1 gene. (1996)

GH and PRL stimulate both proliferation and insulin production in pancreatic beta-cells as well as in the rat insulinoma cell line RIN-5AH, We report here that human GH increases insulin mRNA levels in RIN-5AH cells via both somatogenic and lactogenic receptors. GH stimulated the rat insulin 1 promoter activity 2-fold, and this stimulation was abolished by introduction of a block mutation in a gamma-interferon-activated sequence (GAS)-like element (GLE) with the sequence 5'-TTCTGGGAA-3' located in the rat insulin 1 enhancer at position -330 to -322. This element, termed Ins-GLE, was able to confer GH responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. GH induced the binding of two protein complexes to the Ins-GLE. An antibody directed against the transcription factor STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) supershifted the GH-induced complexes. Furthermore, in COS7 cells transiently transfected with STAT5 and GH receptor cDNAs, it was found that expression of STAT5 was necessary for GH induction of these two DNA-binding complexes. These results suggest that GH stimulates insulin 1 promoter activity by inducing the binding of STAT5 to Ins-GLE.
INDUCTION OF PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AGAINST SCRUB TYPHUS WITH A 56-KILODALTON RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN FUSED WITH A 47-KILODALTON ANTIGEN OF ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI KARP (2005)

A partial gene sequence encoding the 56-kD scrub typhus antigen (Sta56) was amplified from genomic DNA of the Orientia tsutsugamushi Karp strain by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was ligated with the 47-kD scrub typhus antigen (Sta47) gene in the pQE30/47 expression vector, and the resulting recombinant expression vector was designated pQE30/56-47. A fusion antigen (Sta56-47) was expressed in Escherichia coli cells transformed with pQE30/56-47 after induction with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside. The Sta56-47 antigen was recognized by both Sta47 and Sta56 immune sera and by immune serum to Sta56-47 in an immunoblot assay. This antigen was purified and used to immunize BALB/c mice. The animals immunized with Sta56-47 exhibited profound humoral and cellular immune responses, as well as increased resistance to O. tsutsugamushi Karp compared with mice immunized with Sta56 or Sta47. These results strongly suggest that Sta56-47 contains antigenic epitopes of the Sta56 and Sta47 antigens of O. tsutsugamushi Karp, and is a more suitable candidate for replacing whole-cell antigen of O. tsutsugamushi Karp to induce protective immunity against scrub typhus.
Microstructure and Sintering Behavior of ZnO Thermoelectric Materials Prepared by the Pulse-Current-Sintering Method (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Implementing fast java TM monitors with relaxed-locks (2001)

The JavaTM Programming Language permits synchronization operations (lock, unlock, wait, notify) on any object. Synchronization is very common in applications and is endemic in the library code upon which applications depend. It is therefore critical that a monitor implementation be both space-efficient and time-efficient. We present a locking protocol, the Relaxed-Lock, that satisfies those requirements. The Relaxed-Lock is reasonably compact, using only one machine word in the object header. It is fast, requiring in the uncontested case only one atomic compare-and-swap to lock a monitor and no atomic instructions to release a monitor. The Relaxed-Lock protocol is unique in that it admits a benign data race in the monitor unlock path (hence its name) but detects and recovers from the race and thus maintains correct mutual exclusion. We also introduce speculative deflation, a mechanism for releasing a monitor when it is no longer needed.
A Novel 3-Way Cell Sorter using Power Efficient Electrolysis-Based Actuator (2006)

In this paper, a novel 3-way cell sorter using a power efficient electrolysis based actuator and X-flexture joint arm is presented. The small scale 3-way cell sorter is widely used in the field of bio-separation, namely immunology and haematology. Three 3-way cell sorters are also used in drug testing and analysis to sort cells in three different directions. The proposed design offers superior performance in small scale sorting applications than the other previous techniques like charged plates, T-switch, dielectrophoresis, and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). A power efficient electrolysis-based actuator using water which works efficiently with 3 to 4 V is used for low power operation. Two X-flexture joint arms with individual actuators are designed and connected with X-flexture joint springs to regain the original position. The X-flexture joint also avoids direct contact of the arm to top and bottom surfaces of the channels to prevent mechanical failure. Simulation results using ANSYSreg FEM tool are presented along with the proposed design with a 50 mumtimes50 mum cross-section fluidic channel that can be customized as required. The total area occupied by the proposed design is 700 mumtimes700 mum. The simulation results show efficient operation of the proposed design with 18 mm/minflow rate
Particle-Stabilized Emulsions Comprised of Solid Droplets (2005)

We kinetically stabilize oil-in-water emulsions comprising paraffin crystals by adsorbing solid particles (silica) of colloidal size at the oil/water interface. We obtain a set of emulsions that are quiescently stable for a long period of time (months), while the same emulsions are destabilized after only a few hours in the presence of surfactant molecules alone. The emulsions are submitted to a shear stress in order to probe their stability under flow conditions. Partial coalescence and gelation occur when the shear is applied for a sufficiently long period of time. The experiments reveal the existence of a critical droplet mass fraction, phi*, that defines a sharp transition between slow and fast gelation. The process of gelation is rather slow for phi < phi*, occurring at the scale of hours, and becomes almost instantaneous above phi*.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Aluminum Sputtered Fabrics (2018)

Al was sputtered onto four substrates: nylon, polyester, cotton/polyester, and shape memory polyurethane nanoweb, and the heat-transfer characteristics of the resultant materials were investigated by surface temperature measurements. The thickness of the Al layer increased linearly with sputtering time. The heat-transfer mechanisms of the multilayer systems in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation were investigated under steady-state conditions using a hot plate as a heat source in contact with Al-sputtered fabrics. The Al-sputtered fabric was placed on the hot plate, which was maintained at 35°C, and exposed to open air, which was maintained at 15°C. The temperatures of the air-facing surfaces of hot plate-Al-fabric-air (i.e., Al-phase-down) and hot plate-fabric-Al-air (i.e., Al-phase-up) systems were used to investigate the heat-transfer mechanism. It was found that heat dissipation to ambient air was much higher for the Al-phase-up system than for the Al-phase-down system. Heat-transfer coefficients of the Al surfaces were calculated and found to increase with the thickness of the Al layer. Furthermore, different conductive thermal resistances were observed for different fabrics prepared with the same Al-sputtering time. Consequently, differences in their thicknesses pore sizes, and thermal conductivities were suggested to have significant effects on their heat-transfer properties.
Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using a low-molecular-weight Royal Jelly extract (2022)

In recent years silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) gained increased and widespread applications in various fields of industry, technology, and medicine. This study describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) applying a low-molecular-weight fraction (LMF) of Royal Jelly, the nanoparticle characterization, and particularly their antibacterial activity. The optical properties of NPs, characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, showed a peak at ~ 430 nm. The hydrodynamic radius and concentration were determined by complementary dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The particle morphology was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the crystallinity of the silver was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial activities were evaluated utilizing Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and colony counting assays. The growth inhibition curve method was applied to obtain information about the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) required. Obtained results showed that (i) the sizes of Ag NPs are increasing within the increase of silver ion precursor concentration, (ii) DLS, in agreement with NTA, showed that most particles have dimensions in the range of 50-100 nm; (iii) E. coli was more susceptible to all Ag NP samples compared to B. subtilis.
Influence of modifier oxides on the structural and optical properties of binary TeO2 glasses (2007)

Five different glass compositions with equal TeO2 molar concentration and various intermediate constituents were prepared to examine the influence of such intermediate species on the tellurite network. A correlation between the glasses’ structural network and optical properties is presented. Peak Raman gain coefficients, on the order of 40 times the gain of SiO2, are reported in this paper.
Real-Time Statistical Speech Translation (2015)

This research investigates the Statistical Machine Translation approaches to translate speech in real time automatically. Such systems can be used in a pipeline with speech recognition and synthesis software in order to produce a real-time voice communication system between foreigners. We obtained three main data sets from spoken proceedings that represent three different types of human speech. TED, Europarl, and OPUS parallel text corpora were used as the basis for training of language models, for developmental tuning and testing of the translation system. We also conducted experiments involving part of speech tagging, compound splitting, linear language model interpolation, TrueCasing and morphosyntactic analysis. We evaluated the effects of variety of data preparations on the translation results using the BLEU, NIST, METEOR and TER metrics and tried to give answer which metric is most suitable for PL-EN language pair.
Microwave energy for acid decomposition at elevated temperatures and pressures using biological and botanical samples (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave energy for acid decomposition at elevated temperatures and pressures using biological and botanical samplesH. M. Kingston and L. B. JassieCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 12, 2534–2541Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00125a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00125a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations250LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Technology Advantage and Home-Market Effect: A Poisson QuasiMaximum Likelihood Estimation (2016)

According to the conventional home-market effect, free trade tends to shrink the market share for a small economy with differentiated manufacturing goods, and in the extreme leads to a complete hollowing-out of the industry in a small economy. This paper considers the technology difference between countries using the standard Helpman-Krugman model. We will show that the home-market effect can be offset and even reversed if the smaller economy is characterized by better technology. The effect of a technology advantage is composed of two parts: a direct effect from lower unit costs that lead to a higher output level of each firm, and an indirect effect through a change in terms of which firms survive after trade. Based on theoretical results, we derive the gravity equation to conduct empirical tests on the hypothesis of the home-market effect, and direct and indirect technology effects using the US patent stock of 2002 for eleven industries ranging from the most technology-intensive industry to the most labor-intensive apparel and clothing industry. Empirical results show that the degree of the home-market effect varies from industry to industry. The reversal of the home-market effect is more likely to occur in technology-intensive industries. Consistently, direct and indirect technology effects also occur in the industries with a reversed home-market effect.
Network System for Automated Seizure Detection and Contingent Delivery of Therapy (2001)

The authors describe an integrated bedside system for real-time seizure detection and automated delivery of electrical stimulation directly to the brain of subjects undergoing invasive epilepsy surgery evaluation. These stimulations were triggered by specific detections following a prespecified pattern. The system uses a commercially available EEG unit, two personal computers, two Grass S-12 stimulators, and other custom-built units to enable interfacing between these components. To date, more than 9,500 hours of electrocorticographic data have been acquired, displayed, and analyzed, and more than 900 closed-loop stimulations for seizure blockage have been delivered safely and reliably to eight subjects with intractable epilepsy. This system generates on-line reports containing information about seizures that provide the epileptologist with timely, valuable data while allowing adaptation of the algorithm detection parameters to improve its performance if necessary. Additionally, it can control the output of any therapeutic device and administrate automatically cognitive tests or radioactive tracers for neuroimaging purposes. This network system, which can be replicated at a relatively low cost by others, is proof of concept for a portable or implantable device that could serve identical functions. Widespread availability of this type of system will advance the fields of clinical and basic epilepsy rapidly and considerably.