gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Tool to Help Understand Color Spaces and Color Differences (2020)

Colors are convenient visual variables in data visualization and play an important role in data representation. However, we frequently see inappropriate color schemes in many different places. Such schemes may be due to the carelessness of the creators and their lack of knowledge of visual representations. The author of this paper has developed a tool to help understand color spaces and color differences. The tool displays cross-sections of color spaces and presents polygons representing color differences in the cross-sections. By using this tool, it is possible to understand the distortion of a color space against human visual characteristics. In this paper, the tool and the methods used in the development of the tool are introduced, and the effectiveness of the tool is discussed.
San Francisco Dataset without cuisine exclusion (2015)

Dataset of tags and keywords for restaurants in san Francisco on Yelp.com.
The temperature dependence of 1.3- and 1.5-μm compressively strained InGaAs(P) MQW semiconductor lasers (1999)

We have studied experimentally and theoretically the spontaneous emission from 1.3- and 1.5-/spl mu/m compressively strained InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well lasers in the temperature range 90-400 K to determine the variation of carrier density n with current I up to threshold. We find that the current contributing to spontaneous emission at threshold I/sub Rad/ is always well behaved and has a characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ (I/sub Rad/)/spl ap/T, as predicted by simple theory. This implies that the carrier density at threshold is also proportional to temperature. Below a breakpoint temperature T/sub B/, we find I /spl alpha/ n/sup Z/, where Z=2. And the total current at threshold I/sub th/ also has a characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ (I/sub th/)/spl ap/T, showing that the current is dominated by radiative transitions right up to threshold. Above T/sub B/, Z increases steadily to Z/spl ap/3 and T/sub 0/ (I/sub th/) decreases to a value less than T/3. This behavior is explained in terms of the onset of Auger recombination above T/sub B/; a conclusion supported by measurements of the pressure dependence of I/sub th/. From our results, we estimate that, at 300 K, Auger recombination accounts for 50% of I/sub th/ in the 1.3-/spl mu/m laser and 80% of I/sub th/ in the 1.5-/spl mu/m laser. Measurements of the spontaneous emission and differential efficiency indicate that a combination of increased optical losses and carrier overflow into the barrier and separate confinement heterostructure regions may further degrade T/sub 0/ (I/sub th/) above room temperature.
Haptic Feedback Relocation from the Fingertips to the Wrist for Two-Finger Manipulation in Virtual Reality (2022)

Relocation of haptic feedback from the fingertips to the wrist has been considered as a way to enable haptic interaction with mixed reality virtual environments while leaving the fingers free for other tasks. We present a pair of wrist-worn tactile haptic devices and a virtual environment to study how various mappings between fingers and tactors affect task performance. The haptic feedback rendered to the wrist reflects the interaction forces occurring between a virtual object and virtual avatars controlled by the index finger and thumb. We performed a user study comparing four different finger-to-tactor haptic feedback mappings and one no-feedback condition as a control. We evaluated users' ability to perform a simple pick-and-place task via the metrics of task completion time, path length of the fingers and virtual cube, and magnitudes of normal and shear forces at the fingertips. We found that multiple mappings were effective, and there was a greater impact when visual cues were limited. We discuss the limitations of our approach and describe next steps toward multi-degree-of-freedom haptic rendering for wrist-worn devices to improve task performance in virtual environments.
Trailing vortices around a 45° pitched‐blade impeller (1998)

Abstract The trailing vortex system near impeller blades has been identified as the major flow mechanism responsible for mixing and dispersion in stirred vessels, and high turbulence levels in the vortices have an important impact on such phenomena as drop breakup and cell damage in bioreactors. Numerical computations of the flows require more detailed information on the velocity characteristics generated by different impeller designs than is available in the literature. Our study on the mean flow and turbulence structure generated by a pitched‐blade turbine with four 45° inclined blades found that single trailing vortex is formed around each turbine blade. The vortex axis spread out radially by less than 0.0015 T and was inclined at 20° to the horizontal plane. The vortices merged into the bulk flow structure at around 135° behind each blade. Periodicity of the mean flow due to the crossing of the individual blades and high levels of kinetic energy of turbulence (k) are contained within a radial distance of around r/T = 0.23 from the axis and a vertical distance of z/T = 0.07–0.46 from the bottom of the vessel. The k levels decay to nearly‐uniform and low values outside this region. The results are compared with earlier investigations, and their implications for mixing processes and CFD predictions of the flows are discussed. The data identify flow regions accurately where intense turbulence is present and thus give useful indications for the optimization of mixing processes.
Methodology in Accelerated Biodegradation of Herbicides (1987)

Accelerated biodegradation of herbicides in soils can be demonstrated in the laboratory either by treating soil samples with a herbicide under conditions favorable for microbial growth or by sampling field soils soon after herbicidal treatment. Quantitative measurement of accelerated degradation of thiocarbamates in field soils is complicated by the difficulty both of obtaining a proper untreated soil and of obtaining a representative sample by proper mixing of treated soil. Both bacteria and fungi degrade thiocarbamate herbicides, and examples of either class of organisms can be isolated by suitable selection and enrichment conditions. The enzymes involved in the initial steps of thiocarbamate biodegradation seem labile and have not been characterized. Studies of accelerated biodegradation of pesticides should measure the disappearance of the parent or active herbicide using chemical analyses or bioassays. Measuring accelerated biodegradation by determining metabolites (including CO 2 ) is complicated by potential formation of other products, by incorporation of radioactivity into soil microflora, and by complex kinetics partly due to co-metabolism of the herbicide. Additional index words: EPTC, butylate.
Agent cloning: an approach to agent mobility and resource allocation (1998)

Multi-agent systems are subject to performance bottlenecks in cases where agents cannot perform tasks by themselves due to insufficient resources. Solutions to such problems include passing tasks to others or agent migration to remote hosts. We propose agent cloning as a more comprehensive approach to the problem of local agent overloads. Agent cloning subsumes task transfer and agent mobility. According to our paradigm, agents may clone, pass tasks to others, die, or merge. We discuss the requirements of implementing a cloning mechanism and its benefits in a multi-agent system, and support our claims with simulation results.
Covert channels and countermeasures in computer network protocols (2007)

Covert channels are used for the secret transfer of information. Encryption only protects communication from being decoded by unauthorized parties, whereas covert channels aim to hide the very existence of the communication. Initially, covert channels were identified as a security threat on monolithic systems such as mainframes. More recently, focus has shifted toward covert channels in computer network protocols. The huge amount of data and large number of different protocols in the Internet is ideal as a high-bandwidth vehicle for covert communication. This article provides an overview of the existing techniques for creating covert channels in widely deployed network protocols, and common methods for their detection, elimination, and capacity limitation.
A new system for monitoring and analysis of the knitting process (2004)

Production monitoring is an important task for proper production planning. For this task the information that a system of this nature can possibly gather assumes significant importance. Among all the information available during production, the detection of faults assumes a crucial role since it directly affects the quality and productivity. This paper presents a system which was developed with the purpose of performing the analysis in real time of the knitting process, supplying the parameters of major concern for production and furthermore, allowing the detection, identification and location of faults.
Effect of low- and high-frequency TENS on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and dynorphin A immunoreactivity in human lumbar CSF (1991)

Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment was given for 30 min to 37 patients divided into 3 groups of 10 patients and 1 group of 7 patients. Two groups received low-frequency (2 Hz) and the other 2 groups high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation. A diagnostic lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample was obtained immediately before and after stimulation. The CSF samples were subjected to analysis of immunoreactive (ir) opioid peptides, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (MEAP) from preproenkephalin and dynorphin A (Dyn A) from preprodynorphin, respectively. Low frequency TENS applied on the hand and the leg resulted in a marked increase (367%, P less than 0.05) of ir-MEAP but not ir-Dyn A, whereas high-frequency (100 Hz) TENS produced a 49% increase in ir-Dyn A (P less than 0.01) but not ir-MEAP. This is the first report in humans that 2 Hz and 100 Hz peripheral stimulation induces differential release of peptides from preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin, respectively.
Phytoalexins, miRNAs and Breast Cancer: A Review of Phytochemical-mediated miRNA Regulation in Breast Cancer (2013)

There is growing interest in the diverse signaling pathways that regulate and affect breast tumorigenesis, including the role of phytochemicals and the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies demonstrate that miRNAs regulate fundamental cellular and developmental processes at the transcriptional and translational level under normal and disease conditions. While there is growing evidence to support the role of phytoalexin-mediated miRNA regulation of cancer, few reports address this role in breast cancer. Recent reports by our group and others demonstrate that natural products, including stilbenes, curcumin, and glyceollins, could alter the expression of specific miRNAs, which may lead to increased sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional anti-cancer agents and, therefore, hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumor growth inhibition. This review will discuss how dietary intake of natural products, by regulating specific miRNAs, contribute to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Cellular fatty acid composition of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus (1980)

Strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from deep pockets of patients with juvenile periodontitis were analyzed for their content of cellular fatty acids. Oral Haemophilus strains, morphologically and biochemically similar to Haemophilus aphrophilus, were also examined for their content of cellular fatty acids. The extractable lipids of the actinobacilli represented approximately 10% of the cell dry weight, with the bound lipids representing 2 to 5%. The major fatty acids consisted of myristic (C14:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids and a C16:1 acid, possibly palmitoleic acid, accounting for 21, 35, and 31% of the total extractable fatty acids, respectively. Haemophilus strains had a similar cellular fatty acid content.
<title>Packetized compressed voice over ATM: current activities in standard organizations</title> (1997)

With the maturing of the G.723.1 and G.729 voice encoding algorithms, low-cost good-performance compressed voice becomes more readily available. At the same time, the ITU has just completed the AAL 2 (ATM adaptation layer) specification based on the 'mini-packet' technology which fits naturally with the transfer of packetized compressed voice over ATM. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in the marketplace to develop specification(s) based on AAL 2. This paper describes the current status of the AAL 2 standards in the ITU (International Telephone Union) and the activities in the ATM Forum on the use of AAL 2 in the landline trunking application.
The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice (2011)

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model induces symptoms of neuropathic pain such as mechanical allodynia i.e. pain due to tactile stimuli that do not normally provoke a painful response [1]. The SNI mouse model involves ligation of two of the three branches of the sciatic nerve (the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve), while the sural nerve is left intact [2]. The lesion results in marked hypersensitivity in the lateral area of the paw, which is innervated by the spared sural nerve. The non-operated side of the mouse can be used as a control. The advantages of the SNI model are the robustness of the response and that it doesn't require expert microsurgical skills. The threshold for mechanical pain response is determined by testing with von Frey filaments of increasing bending force, which are repetitively pressed against the lateral area of the paw [3], [4]. A positive pain reaction is defined as sudden paw withdrawal, flinching and/or paw licking induced by the filament. A positive response in three out of five repetitive stimuli is defined as the pain threshold. As demonstrated in the video protocol, C57BL/6 mice experience profound allodynia as early as the day following surgery and maintain this for several weeks.
Photonic micro-gas-chromatography detection of chemical threat agents (2018)

A significant remaining challenge in chemical detection is the ability to rapidly detect with high fidelity a full suite of CWAs and TICs in a single point-detection system. Gas chromatography (GC) is a proven laboratory technique that can achieve the stated detection goal, but not at the required speed and not in a wearable (or even portable) form factor. Efforts in miniaturizing GCs yielded small devices, but they remain slow as they retain the end-of-column detection paradigm which results in long elution times of CWAs and TICs. We describe a novel concept of in-column detection by probing the sorbent coating (stationary phase) of a micro-GC column through optical evanescent field interactions in the long-wave infrared (“chemical fingerprint”) spectral region (U.S. Patent US9599567B2). Detection closer to the injection port ensures a rapid response for slow-eluting analytes. Although this results in poor separation (i.e. poor ability to identify chemicals), this is more than compensated by having full IR absorbance spectra at each location. This orthogonal spectral signature (along with GC retention times) is used in a powerful algorithm to quickly identify components in a complex mixture under conditions of incomplete separation. We present results with an ATR-based system that uses a focused tunable quantum cascade laser beam directed by galvo mirrors at points along a molded micro-GC column whose bottom wall is the sorbent coated ATR prism. Efforts are under way to further miniaturize this device by employing novel long-wave-IR photonic waveguides for a truly portable integrated photonic chromatographic detector of CBRNE threats.
Pulse Excitation Method of Coherent-Population-Trapping Suitable for Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (2012)

We propose a pulse excitation method of coherent population trapping (CPT) with a liquid crystal optical modulator. Since liquid crystals enable reductions in size, weight, cost, and power consumption compared with acousto-optical modulators (AOMs), our method is suitable for chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs). Experiments showed that pulse excitation with a liquid crystal modulator can narrow the CPT resonance linewidth and reduce the light shift effect using a 87Rb gas cell and the D1-line vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The CPT resonance linewidth and light shift sensitivity were less than one-eighth and one-third those for continuous excitation, respectively. They also showed that our method is comparable to that based on an AOM.
An expert system for tourists using Google Maps API (2009)

In the field of eTourism, it is important to present prominent objects of tourists destinations. Nowadays demand for eTourism applications is rising and the customers need rapid software development. Google Maps API is a technology provided by Google based on AJAX, which powers many map-based services. This paper presents an expert system for tourists. The realized software uses free, public API service from Google Maps. The system utilizes a knowledge base formed by tracking user actions. The expert module suggests information of special interest to the user.
Metal selectivity of in situ microcolonies in biofilms of the Elbe river (1997)

The ultrastructure of natural complex biofilm communities of the Elbe river grown in situ on microscopic glass coverslips was studied by using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Characteristic microcolonies which measured between 3.3 and 9.3 microm in diameter were frequently observed. They had an outer envelope and harbored 6 to 30 cells. The cells formed short rods measuring 1.09 +/- 0.28 microm (n = 10) in length and 0.55 + 0.07 microm (n = 21) in width. They were surrounded by a thick layer of electron-transparent, nonosmicated matter, 120 to 300 nm thick. Individual cells exhibited a unique ultrastructural trait, namely, a concentric membrane stack which completely surrounded the cytoplasm. It consisted of three membrane doublets, which showed an overall thickness of 57 to 66 nm. The center-to-center spacing between two membrane doublets was 22.2 +/- 1.0 nm (n = 12). The bacterial cell wall seemed to be of the gram-negative type. The fact that upon shrinkage hexagonal clefts appeared proved the cells to be tightly packed, and septum formation by binary fissions was observed. All of these morphological details indicate that the cells within these microcolonies were actively growing and did not represent spore-like states. EDX analysis showed that only the electron-dense surface deposit of the microcolonies contained Mn and Fe in significant amounts, while these two elements were absent from the intercellular space and the cytoplasm of the microorganisms. In contrast, aluminum ions were able to penetrate the outer envelope of the microcolonies and were detected in the intercellular space. They were, however, completely absent from the microbial cytoplasm, indicating a filter cascade with respect to aluminum. From the ultrastructural data together with the deposition of iron and manganese on the microcolony surface, it appears that these organisms may belong to the genus Siderocapsa or Nitrosomonas. They do not precisely match any of the described species and may therefore represent a new species.
MIT at SemEval-2017 Task 10: Relation Extraction with Convolutional\n Neural Networks (2017)

Over 50 million scholarly articles have been published: they constitute a\nunique repository of knowledge. In particular, one may infer from them\nrelations between scientific concepts, such as synonyms and hyponyms.\nArtificial neural networks have been recently explored for relation extraction.\nIn this work, we continue this line of work and present a system based on a\nconvolutional neural network to extract relations. Our model ranked first in\nthe SemEval-2017 task 10 (ScienceIE) for relation extraction in scientific\narticles (subtask C).\n
Supplementary Figure S6 from Polymorphism at 19q13.41 Predicts Breast Cancer Survival Specifically after Endocrine Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S6. Protein-protein interaction network.&lt;/p&gt;
IGBTs designed for automotive ignition systems (2002)

In recent years the IGBT has become the device of choice for driving ignition coils. The IGBT is a high-voltage, high-current device that is well suited to ignition applications which require 400 volts and 10 amps. Polysilicon diodes are integrated with the IGBT to form a high-voltage, gate-collector clamp for switching an inductive load. Second generation ignition IGBTs have been designed that meet ignition system requirements while using 40% less silicon than the previous generation.
Bradykinin Receptor‐Mediated Cyclic GMP Formation in a Nerve Cell Population (Murine Neuroblastoma Clone N1E‐115) (1984)

A clone of murine neuroblastoma (N1E-115) was shown to have functional receptors for the nonapeptide bradykinin. These receptors mediated a large, rapid (about 1 min to peak) and calcium-dependent increase in cyclic GMP. The median effective concentration (EC50) averaged 1.4 nM. In addition, this event was inhibited by quinacrine, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, and nordi-hydroguaiaretic acid, suggesting involvement of phospholipase A2 with subsequent formation of lipoxygenase metabolities of arachidonic acid. [3H]Bradykinin binding to intact cells, investigated under conditions nearly identical to those used in the cyclic GMP assay, yielded binding sites with KDS of 0.83 pM, 1.0 nM, and 4.9 nM with respective Bmax values of 12, 160, and 250 fmol/10(6) cells. Apparently, the cyclic GMP response was associated with the binding site in which the KD = 1.0 nM. Peptide analogs of bradykinin stimulated cyclic GMP with EC50S nearly identical to their respective KDS determined in binding assays with [3H]bradykinin, thus providing evidence for receptor specificity of this response. This finding of a biochemical response of bradykinin promises to make N1E-115 cells a convenient model system for study of neuronal bradykinin receptors.
Untersuchungen über Nitrothiophen‐ und Nitrofuranderivate. 2. Mitt.: Iminocarbonsäureester und Amidine des 5‐Nitrothiophens und 5‐Nitrofurans (1968)

Abstract Aus 5‐Nitrothiophen‐ bzw. 5‐Nitrofuran‐carbonsäurenitril wurden durch Umsetzung mit aliphatischen Alkoholen die entsprechenden Iminocarbonsäureester hergestellt. Der 5‐Nitrothiophen‐2‐ bzw. 5‐Nitrofuran‐2‐iminocarbonsäureäthylester wurde mit primären Aminen zu den Amidinen umgesetzt, die sich zu einem großen Teil als gut bis sehr gut bakteriostatisch, fungistatisch und verminox wirksam erwiesen. Die höchste Effektivität zeigten die Iminocarbonsäureester, wobei eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der Länge der Kohlenstoffkette bestand. Entgegen der in der Literatur häufig beschriebenen geringeren Wirksamkeit von Nitrothiophenderivaten im Vergleich zu Nitrofuranderivaten besaßen bei den in dieser Arbeit getesteten Verbindungen die Nitrothiophene oft eine höhere Effektivität.