gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative killing of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by lactoperoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite (2020)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) infections affect millions of people worldwide, cause serious mortality and represent a major economic burden. Despite recent successes due to pneumococcal vaccination and antibiotic use, Pneumococcus remains a significant medical problem. Airway epithelial cells, the primary responders to pneumococcal infection, orchestrate an extracellular antimicrobial system consisting of lactoperoxidase (LPO), thiocyanate anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). LPO oxidizes thiocyanate using H2O2 into the final product hypothiocyanite that has antimicrobial effects against a wide range of microorganisms. However, hypothiocyanite's effect on Pneumococcus has never been studied. Our aim was to determine whether hypothiocyanite can kill S. pneumoniae. Bactericidal activity was measured in a cell-free in vitro system by determining the number of surviving pneumococci via colony forming units on agar plates, while bacteriostatic activity was assessed by measuring optical density of bacteria in liquid cultures. Our results indicate that hypothiocyanite generated by LPO exerted robust killing of both encapsulated and nonencapsulated pneumococcal strains. Killing of S. pneumoniae by a commercially available hypothiocyanite-generating product was even more pronounced than that achieved with laboratory reagents. Catalase, an H2O2 scavenger, inhibited killing of pneumococcal by hypothiocyanite under all circumstances. Furthermore, the presence of the bacterial capsule or lytA-dependent autolysis had no effect on hypothiocyanite-mediated killing of pneumococci. On the contrary, a pneumococcal mutant deficient in pyruvate oxidase (main bacterial H2O2 source) had enhanced susceptibility to hypothiocyanite compared to its wild-type strain. Overall, results shown here indicate that numerous pneumococcal strains are susceptible to LPO-generated hypothiocyanite.
New Magneto-Optic Head with a Built-in Generator for a Bias Magnetic Field (1987)

The necessity for an excess permanent magnet or electromagnet is a major drawback for a magneto-optic (MO) erasable disc memory from the cost, size and access speed viewpoints. However, generating an appropriate bias magnetic field is essential, related to the recording principle.
Immune effector cell–associated hematotoxicity: EHA/EBMT consensus grading and best practice recommendations (2023)

Hematological toxicity is the most common adverse event after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Cytopenias can be profound and long-lasting and can predispose for severe infectious complications. In a recent worldwide survey, we demonstrated that there remains considerable heterogeneity in regard to current practice patterns. Here, we sought to build consensus on the grading and management of immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT) after CAR T-cell therapy. For this purpose, a joint effort between the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the European Hematology Association (EHA) involved an international panel of 36 CAR T-cell experts who met in a series of virtual conferences, culminating in a 2-day meeting in Lille, France. On the basis of these deliberations, best practice recommendations were developed. For the grading of ICAHT, a classification system based on depth and duration of neutropenia was developed for early (day 0-30) and late (after day +30) cytopenia. Detailed recommendations on risk factors, available preinfusion scoring systems (eg, CAR-HEMATOTOX score), and diagnostic workup are provided. A further section focuses on identifying hemophagocytosis in the context of severe hematotoxicity. Finally, we review current evidence and provide consensus recommendations for the management of ICAHT, including growth factor support, anti-infectious prophylaxis, transfusions, autologous hematopoietic stem cell boost, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. In conclusion, we propose ICAHT as a novel toxicity category after immune effector cell therapy, provide a framework for its grading, review literature on risk factors, and outline expert recommendations for the diagnostic workup and short- and long-term management.
Flexible Approach to Stemona Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of (−)-Stemospironine and Three New Diastereoisomeric Analogs (2012)

Total syntheses of (-)-stemospironine and three new diastereoisomeric analogs have been completed through a flexible strategy devised for Stemona alkaloids. The azabicycle 7 is the pivotal intermediate, from which the sequence splits according to each particular target. The most remarkable differential feature for stemospironine is the installation of the spiranic γ-lactone through an intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination. The configuration of the stereogenic center at C-11 was controlled by fine-tuning of the synthetic sequence.
Aphidicolin decreases ex vivo resistance to cytosine arabinoside in childhood acute leukaemia (2003)

In order to assess the effect of the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin on resistance to cytosine arabinoside, blast cells from 15 children with ALL and 9 with AML were exposed to a range of concentrations of ara-C +/- aphidicolin. Cell survival was measured using the MTT assay. Aphidicolin significantly increased sensitivity to ara-C in blast cells from both ALL (p=0.001) and AML (p<0.01). The median fold increase (sensitisation ratio) for ALL was 3.4 (range 1.2-13.6) compared to 12.4-fold (range 6.0-148) for AML blasts (p=0.005). There was a striking relationship between increasing ara-C resistance and increasing effect of aphidicolin in AML (p<0.001) but not ALL (p>0.05). These remarkable results suggest that aphidicolin should be considered for future clinical trials as a modulator of ara-C resistance, particularly in AML.
Scale-Independent Measures and Pathologic Cardiac Dynamics (1998)

We study several scale-independent measures of cardiac interbeat interval dynamics defined through the application of the wavelet transform. We test their performance in detecting heart disease using a database consisting of records of interbeat intervals for a group of healthy individuals and subjects with congestive heart failure. We find that scale-independent measures effectively distinguish healthy from pathologic behavior and propose a new two-variable scale-independent measure that could be clinically useful. We compare the performance of a recently proposed scale-dependent measure and find that the results depend on the database analyzed and on the analyzing wavelet.
Fluid Fertilizer Science and Technology (2020)

Illustrates current fluid fertilizer technology in the US and abroad, including manufacture, handling, storage, distribution, and use in the field demonstrating how fluid fertilizer facilitates more precise delivery of nutrition to crops. The volume provides the means to analyze fluid fertilizer sys
The foundations of the house (Q 2: 127) (2009)

Abstract In Quran 2: 127 Ibrāhīm founded “the house” (most probably a reference to the Kaʿba) together with his son Ismāʿīl. This scene does not appear in the Bible and none of the attempts to find a literary precedent for it are satisfactory. This paper argues that this scene reflects post-biblical traditions concerning Genesis 22. The argument is based on a comparison of the Quran, quranic commentaries, rabbinic sources and Syriac homilies on Gen. 22. After suggesting an origin for the story, the paper analyses the ways in which the Quran adapted and appropriated the story to its needs. The replacement of Isaac with Ismāʿīl is a central point addressed in this context.
24-Hour Ambulatory Electrogastrography in Healthy Volunteers (1996)

Ambulatory recording of electrogastrography needs technical improvement. The electrogastrogram shows a circadian variation in frequency.
Rotierender optischer Positions- und Winkelsensor (2018)

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Sensorprinzip vorgestellt, welches die Höhe und den Winkel des Referenzpunkts des Sensors in Bezug auf eine Laserreferenz optisch messen kann. Dies wird durch eine Zeitmessung zwischen den Laserimpulsen und einem Hallimpuls als Referenz erreicht. Es werden Hard- und Softwaremaßnahmen zur Erkennung und Unterdrückung von Störungen vorgestellt und implementiert. Mit dem Sensorprinzip kann eine Standardabweichung von 0,131 mm bei einem Messbereich von $\pm 92$ mm erreicht werden, wobei sich die Mittelwerte der unterschiedlichen Messmethoden um max. 0,393 mm unterscheiden. Bei geringer Anforderung an die Messfrequenz des Sensors können diese Werte durch Mittelwertbildung noch weiter verbessert werden.
Elektronendomänen und das VSEPR‐Modell der Molekülgeometrie (1996)

Abstract Das Modell der Valenzelektronenpaarabstoßung (VSEPR) – auch als Gillespie‐Nyholm‐Regeln bekannt – bietet seit vielen Jahren eine nützliche Grundlage für das Verständnis und die Erklärung von Molekülgeometrien und wird wegen seiner Einfachheit als pädagogisches Hilfsmittel breit akzeptiert. Die ursprüngliche Formulierung des Modells basierte auf dem Konzept, daß sich die Elektronenpaare in der Valenzschale gegenseitig abstoßen und daher so weit wie möglich voneinander entfernt anordnen. In den letzten Jahren wurde das Augenmerk jedoch mehr auf den Raum gelegt, den die Valenzelektronenpaare einnehmen, d.h. auf die Elektronenpaardomänen sowie auf die relativen Größen und Formen dieser Domänen. Diese neuformulierte Version des VSEPR‐Modells ist einfacher anzuwenden und zeigt deutlicher, daß das Pauli‐Prinzip die physikalische Grundlage des Modells ist. Darüber hinaus zeigten Bader und seine Mitarbeiter durch die Analyse der Elektronendichteverteilung bei vielen kovalenten Molekülen, daß es lokalisierte Anhäufungen von Elektronendichte (Ladungskonzentrationen) in den Valenzschalen der Atome eines Moleküls gibt, die die gleiche relative Lage und Größe haben, wie für die Elektronenpaardomänen im VSEPR‐Modell angenommen wurde, wodurch dieses Modell noch zusätzlich gestützt wird. Dieses erweiterte Verständnis des Elektronenpaarabstoßungs‐Modells löste Bemühungen aus, die Elektronendichteverteilung in Molekülen, die lange als Ausnahmen der VSEPR‐Theorie galten, zu analysieren, um diese Ausnahmen besser verstehen zu können. Es zeigte sich, daß es oftmals wichtig ist, nicht nur die relativen Lagen und Größen, sondern auch die Formen der Domänen von Bindungs‐ und freien Elektronenpaaren zur Erklärung der Details von Molekülgeometrien heranzuziehen. Ebenfalls wurde deutlich, daß die grundlegende Annahme des VSEPR‐Modells, die Rumpfelektronen eines Atoms, die unter der Valenzschale liegen, seien kugelförmig verteilt und übten keinen Einfluß auf die Molekülgeometrie aus, in der Regel für Nichtmetalle gültig ist, für Metalle, einschließlich der Übergangsmetalle, jedoch oft nicht zutrifft. Die Verteilung der Rumpfelektronen eines polarisierbaren Metallatoms kann von der Kugelsymmetrie abweichen, da nichtbindende Elektronen enthalten sein können oder die Elektronenverteilung durch Liganden verzerrt sein kann; die Rumpfelektronen haben in solchen Fällen einen bedeutenden Einfluß auf die Molekülgeometrie.
Label‐free detection techniques for protein microarrays: Prospects, merits and challenges (2009)

Protein microarrays, on which thousands of discrete proteins are printed, provide a valuable platform for functional analysis of the proteome. They have been widely used for biomarker discovery and to study protein-protein interactions. The accomplishments of DNA microarray technology, which had enabled massive parallel studies of gene expression, sparked great interest for the development of protein microarrays to achieve similar success at the protein level. Protein microarray detection techniques are often classified as being label-based and label-free. Most of the microarray applications have employed labelled detection such as fluorescent, chemiluminescent and radioactive labelling. These labelling strategies have synthetic challenges, multiple label issues and may exhibit interference with the binding site. Therefore, development of sensitive, reliable, high-throughput, label-free detection techniques are now attracting significant attention. Label-free detection techniques monitor biomolecular interactions and simplify the bioassays by eliminating the need for secondary reactants. Moreover, they provide quantitative information for the binding kinetics. In this article, we will review several label-free techniques, which offer promising applications for the protein microarrays, and discuss their prospects, merits and challenges.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical Pathways for Non-SARS-CoV-2 Related Diseases in the Lazio Region, Italy (2022)

Clinical pathways (CPs) are multidisciplinary clinical governance tools necessary for the care management of the patients, whose aim is to outline the best practicable path within a health organization related to an illness or to a complex clinical situation. The COVID-19 pandemic emergency has created the need for an organizational renewal of care pathways based on the principles of "primary health care" recommended by the WHO. In Italy, the Hospitals and Local Health Authorities (ASL) have tried to guarantee the continuity of non-deferrable treatments and the maximum safety of both patients and health professionals. This study analyzes the organizational and managerial responses adopted in pathology-specific care pathways to assess how CPs as diagnostic tools responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the first two waves. Twenty-four referents of Operational Units (UU OO) from Hospitals (AO) and Local Health Authorities (ASL) of the Lazio Region (Central Italy) that apply four different CPs responded to a survey, which analyzes the managerial and organizational responses of CPs in regard to different contexts. Results show that the structural and organizational adjustments of the CPs have made it possible to maintain an adequate level of care for specific treatment processes, with some common critical aspects that require improvement actions. The adjustments found could be useful for dealing with new outbreaks and/or new epidemics in order to try to mitigate the potential negative impact, especially on the most vulnerable patient categories.
New approach to LUT implementation and accumulation for memory-based multiplication (2009)

A new approach to look-up-table (LUT) implementation for memory-based multiplication is presented, where the memory-size is reduced to half at the cost of some increase in combinational circuit complexity. The proposed design offers a saving of nearly 42% area and 38% area-delay product (ADP) at the cost of 6% increase in computational delay for memory-based multiplication of 8-bit inputs with 16-bit coefficient. For high-precision multiplication, a shift-save-accumulation scheme is proposed to accumulate the LUT outputs corresponding to the segments of input-operand, which requires nearly 1.5 times more area, but offers more than twice the throughput and nearly two-third the ADP of direct shift-accumulation approach.
Femtosecond pulse delivery around 1560 nm in large-core anti-resonant fibers (2020)

Hollow core, anti-resonant fiber with 65 &mu;m core diameter is used for transmission of ultrashort laser pulses under 100 fs at a central wavelength of 1560 nm from a mode-locked laser. Meter-scale lengths of the fiber (up to 3 m) and bend radii down to 6 cm are considered. Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating is used for investigation of performance of the fiber in this application. Achieved results on dispersive stretching of the pulse up to around 200 fs are compared with nonlinear propagation simulations, performed using the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation parametrized with measured characteristics of the fiber. Dechirping of the pulse to its original shape in the fiber under bending is observed and related to suppression of higher-order modes. As shown, the proposed fiber can be used to transmit sub-100 fs long laser pulses without spectral or temporal distortions providing a 6 cm radius loop.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF THE METHANESULFONATES OF THE 1‐O‐BENZOYL‐1,2‐, ‐1,3‐, AND ‐1,4‐GLYCOLS (1984)

Abstract Aus den Triol‐1‐benzylethern (I) entstehen nach Benzoylierung zu (II) die Mesylate (III), deren Acetolyse untersucht wird.
Critical specimen thickness of hot galvanized dual-phase steel spot welding (2008)

Aiming at the interfacial fracture failure of resistance spot welding structure of hot galvanized steel DP600,the tensile failure modes of DP600 spot welding with different thickness(0.8 mm and 1.5 mm) and length of the nugget(5-8 mm) were studied through statistical analysis method.The relationship between the probability of the interfacial fracture mode for DP600 welding spots and the thickness and the length of the nugget was also established.Then the critical specimen thickness was determined and the influence of the length of the nugget on the critical specimen thickness was investigated.The result shows that the thickness and the length of the nugget have great effect on the interfacial fracture mode of DP600 welding spots.And the critical specimen thickness linearly increased with the length of the nugget.The research result provides a theoretical guidance for the optimization of the structure of high strength steel resistance spot welding in automobile body.
Interphase energies of hcp precipitates in fcc metals: A density-functional theory study in Al-Ag (2010)

Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of interphase boundary energies relevant to hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-precipitate formation were performed within approximate unit cells that mirror the experimental conditions in face-centered-cubic (fcc) Al-Ag solid solutions. In Al-rich, fcc Al-Ag, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ precipitates are observed to form rapidly with large $(300+)$ aspect ratios even though the Al stacking-fault energy is high (approximately $130\text{ }\text{mJ}/{\text{m}}^{2}$), which should suppress hcp ribbon formation according to standard arguments. Our DFT results show why high-aspect ratio plates occur and why previous estimates based on Wulff construction were orders of magnitude less than observed values. Using DFT, we obtain a Gibbs free-energy diagram that gives the relevant hcp equilibrium precipitate structure occurring at $50\text{ }\text{at}\text{.}\text{ }\mathrm{%}$ Ag. We derive the critical nucleation parameters for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-precipitate formation, which require our calculated bulk-driving force for nucleation and interphase boundary energies. From our DFT-based nonequilibrium estimate for precipitation that accounts for growth via coarsening by ledge and edge migrations, we obtain time-dependent aspect ratio that agrees well with experiment. The same energetics and growth model are relevant to other phenomena, such as lath morphology in martensites or island coarsening.
Immunogenicity of undifferentiated and differentiated allogeneic mouse mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotential cells with utility in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the immunological properties and immunogenicity of allogeneic MSC remain poorly defined. Recent studies investigating their immunogenicity remain inconclusive and this has hampered their clinical application. This study investigated the (1) immunogenicity and (2) immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow-derived MSC using an allogeneic mouse model involving Balb/c (responder) and C3H (stimulator) mice. Dermal fibroblasts (DF) were used as controls for cells of mesenchymal origin. Adaptations of the lymphocyte transformation assay (LTA) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were used to investigate the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of allogeneic undifferentiated and chondrogenic-differentiated MSC and DF. Both MSC and DF displayed a similar phenotypic profile with the exception of lower expression of CD44 and CD105 in DF. Tri-lineage differentiation of MSC and DF into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes confirmed their multipotency. In LTA, both undifferentiated and chondrogenic-differentiated allogeneic MSC stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Allogeneic DF were non-stimulatory but chondrogenic-differentiated DF triggered responder lymphocyte proliferation. In one-way MLR, both allogeneic MSC and DF significantly suppressed Balb/c lymphocyte proliferation. The current challenges in distinguishing between MSC and fibroblasts were apparent throughout the work. These findings support the notion that although MSC possess immunosuppressive properties, they may not be immunoprivileged. Thus, clinical application of allogeneic MSC should be taken with due consideration of their potential immunogenicity.
Quantitative evaluation of rheumatoid arthritic activity with /sup 99m/Tc HEDP (1977)

In an attempt to develop a quantitative method of evaluating rheumatoid arthritic activity, Tc-99m HEDP joint uptake values and joint-to-bone ratios were studied in ten adult rheumatoid arthritic patients and 17 nonarthritic patients. A joint-to-bone activity ratio of 1.8 at the fourth hour after injection (RA Index) discriminated clinically active rheumatoid arthritic joints from control joints with 95% accuracy. Serial studies on five patients during drug trial demonstrated a postive correlation between RA Index and the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritic activity. The RA Index may be a useful quantitative parameter for evaluation of rheumatoid arthritic activity following therapy.
Two-dimensional study on the effects of nonamorphizing silicon implantation damage on phosphorus diffusion (1994)

A new experimental study is performed to determine the lateral extent of silicon implantation damage on diffusion in silicon. The experimental technique is designed to allow easy comparison between damaged and nondamaged areas to facilitate specific measurements. Junction depth is measured under stripes of varying widths that protect from implantation damage as well as at points that receive the full amount of implantation damage. A roughly exponentially decaying profile of junction depth as a function of increasing stripe width is observed. Good correlation between measured and suprem−iv predicted values is observed.
Laminar dispersion of polymer solutions in helical coils (1981)

Abstract In the present study the step response experiments were carried out with power law fluids in two helical coils to examine the suitability of axial dispersed plug flow model in describing the laminar dispersion of non‐Newtonian fluids in helical coils. The ranges of variables covered are 10 ≤ λ ≤ 100,0.01 ≤ N Regen ≤ 2.5,0.001 ≤ N De ≤ 0.77 and 0.035 ≤ τ ≤ 1.33. It is found that coiling results in reduced dispersion to that in a straight tube.