gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of phytoglycogen-derived core–shell–corona nanoparticles complexed with conjugated linoleic acid (2023)

Phytoglycogen-derived self-assembled nanoparticles (SMPG/CLA) and enzymatic-assembled nanoparticles (EMPG/CLA) were fabricated for delivery of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). After measuring the loading rate and yield, the optimal ratio for both assembled host-guest complexes was 1 : 10, and the maximum loading rate and yield for EMPG/CLA were 1.6% and 88.1%, respectively, higher than those of SMPG/CLA. Structural characterization studies showed that the assembled inclusion complexes were successfully constructed, and had a specific spatial architecture with inner-core amorphous and external-shell crystalline parts. A higher protective effect against oxidation of EMPG/CLA was observed than that of SMPG/CLA, supporting efficient complexation for a higher order crystalline structure. After 1 h of gastrointestinal digestion under the simulated conditions, 58.7% of CLA was released from EMPG/CLA, which was lower than that released from SMPG/CLA (73.8%). These results indicated that <i>in situ</i> enzymatic-assembled phytoglycogen-derived nanoparticles might be a promising carrier platform for protection and targeted delivery of hydrophobic bioactive ingredients.
Facile Bioprinting Process for Fabricating Size‐Controllable Functional Microtissues Using Light‐Activated Decellularized Extracellular Matrix‐Based Bioinks (Adv. Mater. Technol. 1/2022) (2022)

Microscale Bioprinting Process Jinah Jang and colleagues develop a microscale bioprinting process using light-activated decellularized extracellular matrix-based bioinks in article number 2100947. The bioprinting process enables the fabrication of size-controllable spheroidal and tubular tissue constructs at the microscale without cumbersome steps, such as washing, solution replacement, and post-crosslinking. The bioprinted microtissues can support cellular activities and tissue maturation with tissue-specific physiological significance.
Continuous-time AR model identification: Does sampling rate really matter? (2010)

We address the problem of identifying continuous-time auto regressive (CAR) models from sampled data. The expo-nential nature of CAR autocorrelation functions is taken into account by means of exponential B-splines modelling, allowing one to associate the available digital data with a CAR model. A maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is then derived for identifying the optimal parameters; it re-lies on an exact discretization of the sampled version of the continuous-time model. We provide both time- and frequency-domain interpretations of the proposed estimator, while introducing a weighting function that describes the CAR power spectrum by means of discrete Fourier transform values. We present experimental results demonstrating that the proposed exponential-based ML estimator outperforms currently available polynomial-based methods, while achiev-ing Cramér-Rao lower bound values even for relatively low sampling rates. 1.
The cellular uptake of horseradish peroxidase and its poly(lysine) conjugate by cultured fibroblasts is qualitatively similar despite a 900‐fold difference in rate (1982)

When horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is conjugated to poly(L-lysine) of molecular weight (MW) 13,000, its transport into cultured L929 fibroblasts in 1 hour at 37 degrees C is increased 918-fold. The kinetics of uptake are linear with time and concentration, reflecting a process of nonreceptor-mediated adsorptive endocytosis. Neither HRP-poly(Lys) conjugate nor free poly(Lys) of any size cause any increase in fluid phase endocytosis. All evidence indicates that the covalently bound poly(Lys) increases the binding of HRP to the cell surface and that this adequately accounts for an increased internalization occurring at a steady rate. In the absence of Ca++, both surface binding and uptake of the conjugate, but not of free HRP, are decreased. Cytochalasin B does not significantly inhibit the transport of either form of HRP. The half-lives of HRP and HRP-poly(Lys) are 7.6 and 5.6 hours, respectively, when measured over a period of 12 hours. Electron microscopic analysis of cells that have ingested comparable amounts of HRP shows that the intracellular localization of free and conjugated HRP are comparable and that both are found inside the same array of structures. Thus HRP, which binds very poorly to the cell surface and is considered a fluid-phase marker for the "contents" of pinocytotic vesicles, and HRP-poly(Lys), which binds very strongly to the cell surface and is considered a membrane marker for adsorptive endocytosis, are taken up along the same endocytotic pathway. Moreover, despite the fact that neither markers are transported by receptor-mediated endocytosis, both are seen in structures that were described as receptosomes. It appears, therefore, that the pathways utilized in receptor-mediated transport are available to all other forms of pinocytosis.
Sinus Penetration of a Pulsating Device Versus the Classic Squeeze Bottle in Cadavers Undergoing Sinus Surgery (2016)

The squeeze bottle consistently demonstrated superior irrigation in both native and operated conditions. Interestingly, saline penetration was not significantly improved after opening of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. This is likely due to decreased backpressure in the nasal passage after opening the sinus cavities.
Proteinase 3 activity in sputum from subjects with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and COPD (2012)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with tissue damage believed to result from an imbalance between serine proteinases and their inhibitors. Although the role of neutrophil elastase (NE) has been studied, it is likely that other proteinases play a role. The importance of proteinase 3 (PR3) has not been established, as specific substrates have only recently been available. We studied clinically stable subjects with either alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency or usual COPD with chronic bronchitis. Sol phase sputum was analysed for PR3 activity and concentration, NE activity and concentration, concentrations of airway inhibitors (A1AT, secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor and elafin) and markers of neutrophilic inflammation. 12 patients were also studied during exacerbations. PR3 activity was present in most sputum samples and greater than NE activity (which was largely undetectable) in both subject groups (A1AT deficiency median PR3 128 nM, interquartile range (IQR) 33-558 nM; NE 0 nM, IQR 0-0 nM; p=0.0043; COPD PR3 22 nM, IQR 0-103 nM; NE 0 nM, IQR 0-0 nM; p=0.015). PR3 activity was greater during exacerbations than in the stable state (p=0.037) and correlated with markers of neutrophilic inflammation. The regular identification of PR3 activity in sputum from stable subjects with A1AT deficiency or usual COPD suggests it may play a greater role in the pathophysiology than previously thought.
Kernel nonnegative matrix factorization with RBF kernel function for face recognition (2017)

This paper attempts to represent the mapped data in the radial basis function (RBF) feature space under non-negativity constraints and develops a RBF kernel based non-negative matrix factorization (KNMF-RBF) algorithm. Based on an objective function with Frobenius norm, we obtain the multiplicative update rules of our KNMF-RBF approach using kernel theory and gradient descent method. The proposed KNMF-RBF method is theoretically shown to be convergence by means of the constructed auxiliary function. Our approach is successfully applied to face recognition in the FERET face database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed KNMF-RBF method surpasses some kernel based methods. The results are encouraging.
Salicylic Acid and Systemic Acquired Resistance Play a Role in Attenuating Crown Gall Disease Caused byAgrobacterium tumefaciens (2007)

We investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) on crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nicotiana benthamiana plants treated with SA showed decreased susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection. Exogenous application of SA to Agrobacterium cultures decreased its growth, virulence, and attachment to plant cells. Using Agrobacterium whole-genome microarrays, we characterized the direct effects of SA on bacterial gene expression and showed that SA inhibits induction of virulence (vir) genes and the repABC operon, and differentially regulates the expression of many other sets of genes. Using virus-induced gene silencing, we further demonstrate that plant genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signaling are important determinants for Agrobacterium infectivity on plants. Silencing of ICS (isochorismate synthase), NPR1 (nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1), and SABP2 (SA-binding protein 2) in N. benthamiana enhanced Agrobacterium infection. Moreover, plants treated with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid, a potent inducer of SAR, showed reduced disease symptoms. Our data suggest that SA and SAR both play a major role in retarding Agrobacterium infectivity.
Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015 (2023)

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus <i>Corvus</i>). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Variable V/sub CC/ design techniques for battery-operated DRAMs (1993)

Wide-voltage-range DRAMs with extended data retention are desirable for battery-operated or portable computers and consumer devices. The techniques required to obtain wide operation, functionality, and performance of standard DRAMs from 1.8 V (two NiCd or alkaline batteries) to 3.6 V (upper end of LVTTL standard) are described. Specific techniques shown are: (1) a low-power and low-voltage reference generator for detecting V/sub CC/ level; (2) compensation of DC generators, V/sub BB/ and V/sub PP/, for obtaining high speed at reduced voltages; (3) a static word-line driver and latch-isolation sense amplifier for reducing operating current; and (4) a programmable V/sub CC/ variable self-refresh scheme for obtaining maximum data retention time over a full operating range. A sub-50-ns access time is obtained for a 16 M DRAM (2 M*8) by simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Impact of residual extractives on the thermal stability of softwood Kraft pulp (2022)

Abstract Wood extractives are known to cause problems during the production of pulp and paper and to impact their mechanical properties. In the present work, we systematically explored whether minute residual amounts of extractives that reprecipitate on the fiber surface in the final stages of the pulping process would lower the thermal resilience of softwood Kraft pulp. Pulp samples subjected to different extraction methods were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The compound classes constituting the respective extracts were identified and quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID) and the influence of the individual compound classes on the thermal stability of the samples was investigated separately. Soxhlet extraction with an ethanol/toluene solvent system clearly led to increased thermal stability. Besides fatty acids and resin acids also sterols and sterol esters that do not carry carboxylic acid functionalities contributed to the deterioration of the thermal pulp properties. Lateral order indices derived from Fourier transformed infrared spectra and crystallinity indices derived from solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicate that upon thermal degradation, the presence of even minute amounts of extractives leads to an increased degree of supramolecular disorder. Moreover, the characterization of the samples’ carbohydrate composition by means of acidic hydrolysis showed a tendency towards facilitated pyrolysis of the hemicelluloses if extractives were present in the pulp.
Conventional Concepts and New Perspectives for Understanding the Addictive Properties of Inhalants (2013)

The abuse of inhaled chemical vapors is a growing problem especially among adolescent populations. This is partly driven by the fact that inhaled products are cheap, accessible, and provide a rapid 'high'. In the brain inhalants have multiple effects. They are neurotoxic, targeting primarily white matter pathways, which is believed to underlie the long-term neurological consequences associated with repeated use. Inhalants are also addictive, resulting in adaptive responses in pathways mediating reward and reinforcement. This includes an ability to alter dopaminergic cell firing and result in long-term mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic dysfunction. However, growing evidence suggests that the reinforcing properties of inhalants may also be driven by their ability to affect neurotransmitter systems other than the dopaminergic system. Both glutamatergic and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic systems are emerging as key targets of inhalants with differential responses observed following either acute or chronic exposures. These responses appear particularly important in circuits which appear vulnerable to inhalants and which can also modulate dopaminergic function such as the corticostriatal pathway. Thus in combination with the effects of inhalants on dopaminergic systems, our increased understanding of the role(s) of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems provide new and exciting targets to consider for intervention strategies to limit inhalant use.
OXYGEN QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE IN SOLUTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION PROCESS (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOXYGEN QUENCHING OF FLUORESCENCE IN SOLUTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION PROCESSWilliam R. WareCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 3, 455–458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100809a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100809a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3523Altmetric-Citations1187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Detection of Nitric Oxide on Carbon Electrode Modified with Ionic Polymers and α-Cyclodextrin (2001)

To obtain basic information for the development of high performance electrochemical NO sensor for biological systems, performance of carbon electrodes (based on mechanical pencil leads) covered with three-layered films consisting of cationic polymer, a sieving material for NO (α-cyclodextrin, α-CD), and anionic polymer (Nafion) was investigated in vitro. We have anticipated that cationic and anionic polymer films effectively discriminate ionic species present in biological systems and that α-CD layer placed between ionic polymer films avoids charge neutralization of polymer films and concentrates NO near electrode surface by reversible sieving effects. Among cationic polymers investigated, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) formed a film more stable than poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). By cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, an electrode covered with PDDA /α-CD/ Nafion (typical thickness: 20, < 1, and 30 µm, respectively) showed higher NO oxidation current than a bare electrode, and little oxidation currents for materials present in living body, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine hydrochloride, and sodium nitrite. Films prepared by drying solutions containing polymer and α-CD at 80°C for 5 min were stable at least for 80 min during differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements with intermittent NO bubbling in a physiological saline solution called Krebs-Henseleit (KH).
Synthesis of 1,6-, 2,7-, 3,8-, and 4,9-Isomers of Didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes (2013)

The synthesis of 1,6-, 2,7-, 3,8-, and 4,9-isomers of dibromo- and didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes, via the stilbene pathway, is described. Starting from the synthesis of bromo-2-(methylthio)benzaldehydes, a series of functionalization, McMurry coupling, and finalising cyclization reactions were explored. The stereochemistry of the cyclization mechanism was investigated. Using this methodology didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes were formed in overall yields of 5-32%.
A call for an alliance between female academic leaders and early career researchers to improve the academic STEM system (2022)

<strong>The COVID 19 pandemic exposed the precarious positioning of two groups within the academic STEM system. In the first group are women in positions of academic leadership including professors, especially those with children or other care-giving responsibilities. The second group consists of early career researchers (ECRs), independent of gender. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has identified ECRs at the postdoctoral level as belonging to the “research precariat” (OECD, 2021) and Nature has reported on mental health consequences for doctoral candidates arising from “poor mentorship, the inability to access counselling services and a lack of training for non-academic careers”. </strong>
Some Aspects of the Respiratory Metabolism of Caenorhabditis Briggsae (Rhabditidae) (1967)

A method is described for the production of large numbers of C. briggsae free from culture medium. Various aspects of the respiratory metabolism of these worms have been examined using a variety of techniques. The respiration of the worms increased rapidly as the amount of oxygen in the gaseous phase of the incubation vessels increased, until a level of 5% O2 was attained. After this no increase was observed. Cyanide in high concentrations and carbon monoxide inhibited respiration. The effect due to carbon monoxide was reduced in daylight. These substances also inhibited the development and reproduction of the worms, but the effect due to carbon monoxide was reversible. Preparations of worms subjected to sonic disruption utilised radioactive succinate, converting it to fumaric, malic, lactic and aspartic acids and to alanine. Spectrophotometric studies of washed homogenates of C. briggsae suggested the presence of pigments similar to a cytochrome b present in parasitic helminths, cytochrome c and traces of cytochrome a. Flavoprotein was detected in the washings. The implications of these results are discussed.
Bt-transgenic oilseed rape hybridization with its weedy relative,Brassica rapa (2002)

The movement of transgenes from crops to weeds and the resulting consequences are concerns of modern agriculture. The possible generation of "superweeds" from the escape of fitness-enhancing transgenes into wild populations is a risk that is often discussed, but rarely studied. Oilseed rape, Brassica napus (L.), is a crop with sexually compatible weedy relatives, such as birdseed rape (Brassica rapa (L.)). Hybridization of this crop with weedy relatives is an extant risk and an excellent interspecific gene flow model system. In laboratory crosses, T3 lines of seven independent transformation events of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) oilseed rape were hybridized with two weedy accessions of B. rapa. Transgenic hybrids were generated from six of these oilseed rape lines, and the hybrids exhibited an intermediate morphology between the parental species. The Bt transgene was present in the hybrids, and the protein was synthesized at similar levels to the corresponding independent oilseed rape lines. Insect bioassays were performed and confirmed that the hybrid material was insecticidal. The hybrids were backcrossed with the weedy parent, and only half the oilseed rape lines were able to produce transgenic backcrosses. After two backcrosses, the ploidy level and morphology of the resultant plants were indistinguishable from B. rapa. Hybridization was monitored under field conditions (Tifton, GA, USA) with four independent lines of Bt oilseed rape with a crop to wild relative ratio of 1200:1. When B. rapa was used as the female parent, hybridization frequency varied among oilseed rape lines and ranged from 16.9% to 0.7%.