gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Anthrax Toxin Variants That Exclusively Form Octamers and Their Application to Targeting Tumors (2013)

Anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) delivers its effector proteins into the host cell cytosol through formation of an oligomeric pore, which can assume heptameric or octameric states. By screening a highly directed library of PA mutants, we identified variants that complement each other to exclusively form octamers. These PA variants were individually nontoxic and demonstrated toxicity only when combined with their complementary partner. We then engineered requirements for activation by matrix metalloproteases and urokinase plasminogen activator into two of these variants. The resulting therapeutic toxin specifically targeted cells expressing both tumor associated proteases and completely stopped tumor growth in mice when used at a dose far below that which caused toxicity. This scheme for obtaining intercomplementing subunits can be employed with other oligomeric proteins and potentially has wide application.
Interferon production by human marrow stromal cells (1983)

We have demonstrated that normal human bone marrow stromal cells can be induced to produce high levels of beta-interferon (IFN). One of three randomly selected human stromal cell lines produced beta-IFN in similar amounts to one of the best beta-IFN producer cell lines produced beta-IFN in similar amounts to one of the best beta-IFN producer cell lines (MG-63 osteosarcoma cells). The marrow stromal cell lines did not produce gamma-IFN, though a low level of alpha-IFN was apparently produced. The stromal cell lines differ from usual producer cell lines in that they can be subcultured for a much longer growth period and also maintain the ability to producer IFN. The cells are karyotypically normal and are not virus transformed. Such cell lines may be useful in the production of human IFN as well as allowing studies on the role of IFN in stromal cell-haemopoietic cell interactions.
Role of Solvation Dynamics and Local Ordering of Water in Inducing Conformational Transitions in Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Oligomers through the LCST (2012)

Conformational transitions in thermo-sensitive polymers are critical in determining their functional properties. The atomistic origin of polymer collapse at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) remains a fundamental and challenging problem in polymer science. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to establish the role of solvation dynamics and local ordering of water in inducing conformational transitions in isotactic-rich poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) oligomers when the temperature is changed through the LCST. Simulated atomic trajectories are used to identify stable conformations of the water-molecule network in the vicinity of polymer segments, as a function of the polymer chain length. The dynamics of the conformational evolution of the polymer chain within its surrounding water molecules is evaluated using various structural and dynamical correlation functions. Around the polymer, water forms cage-like structures with hydrogen bonds. Such structures form at temperatures both below and above the LCST. The structures formed at temperatures above LCST, however, are significantly different from those formed below LCST. Short oligomers consisting of 3, 5, and 10 monomer units (3-, 5-, and 10-mer), are characterized by significantly higher hydration level (water per monomer ~ 16). Increasing the temperature from 278 to 310 K does not perturb the structure of water around the short oligomers. In the case of 3-, 5-, and 10-mer, a distinct coil-to-globule transition was not observed when the temperature was raised from 278 to 310 K. For a PNIPAM polymer chain consisting of 30 monomeric units (30-mer), however, there exist significantly different conformations corresponding to two distinct temperature regimes. Below LCST, the water molecules in the first hydration layer (~12) around hydrophilic groups arrange themselves in a specific ordered manner by forming a hydrogen-bonded network with the polymer, resulting in a solvated polymer acting as hydrophilic. Above LCST, this arrangement of water is no longer stable, and the hydrophobic interactions become dominant, which contributes to the collapse of the polymer. Thus, this study provides atomic-scale insights into the role of solvation dynamics in inducing coil-to-globule phase transitions through the LCST for thermo-sensitive polymers like PNIPAM.
703 Early Results Comparing Stenting with Endarterectomy for Treatment of Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Randomized Community Hospital-based Trial (2000)

Advances in endovascular techniques may have made carotid percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) as effective as carotid endarterectomy (CEA), along with less risk, shorter hospital stay, reduced cast, and patient preference. These are preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial comparing carotid PTAS with CEA in a community hospital. Seventy-eight patients within 6 weeks of carotid ischemia were randomly assigned to CEA or PTAS (Wallstent, Boston Scientific). Forty-two underwent CEA, 36 received PTAS; 3 crossed over from PTAS to CEA when stents could not be deployed. Patient demographics and degree of stenosis were similar between groups. One death occurred with CEA (due to MI); none with PTAS. CEA complications were cranial nerve injury (2%) and incisional (2%); PTAS complications were temporary carotid sinus-related (33%) and access site problems (8%). One PTAS-related femoral occlusion led to B/K amputation. Hospital stay for uncomplicated PTAS was 1.8 days, compared to 2.7 days...
Immunoultrastructural studies of human NK cells: I. Ultracytochemistry and comparison with T cell subsets (1987)

Human NK activity is known to be associated with a population of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) exhibiting several immunophenotypic surface markers including Leu-11a (NKP-15), Leu-7 (HNK-1), Leu-3a (T4), and Leu-2a (T8). Based upon correlation with cytolytic activity, Leu-11a is now considered the most specific antigenic marker for human NK cells. Present investigation compared the ultrastructure of cells expressing Leu-11a, Leu-7, Leu-3a, and Leu-2a, both in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the purified LGL fraction. Subcellular cytochemical reactions were investigated in Leu-7+ or Leu-11a+ PBL or LGL and in cells conjugated with K562 targets (indicating NK cytolytic potential). The surface markers, localized with monoclonal antibodies, were detected by immunoelectron microscopy by using direct or indirect avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) or colloidal gold methods. A peroxidase-colloidal gold double-labeling system was used to identify subsets of Leu-7+ or Leu-11a+ cells. Previously described ultrastructural features of LGL including a villous surface, reniform nuclei, low nuclear/cytoplasm ratios, and abundant cytoplasm with vesicles, vacuoles, electron-dense granules, parallel tubular arrays (PTA), or paracrystalline inclusions were associated with Leu-7+, Leu-11a+, Leu-7+/Leu-11a+, Leu-7+/Leu-11a-, and Leu-7-/Leu-11a+ PBL or LGL. Results showed that the Leu-7+/Leu-11a+ cells were the most abundant NK cells in PBL. Lymphocyte subsets with Leu-3a or Leu-2a surface marker showed some ultrastructural features including PTA similar to Leu-7+ cells and Leu-11a+ cells, and their subsets. These T-cells appeared ultrastructurally more similar to the Leu-7+/Leu-11a- subset. Cytochemical studies showed that electron-dense cytoplasmic granules and PTA typical of the Leu-11a+ cells and Leu-7+ cells contained glycoprotein, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase. Large cytoplasmic vacuoles were heterogeneous and typically contained electron-dense material with DAB reactivity, membranous material, PTA, and/or paracrystalline inclusions. Glycoprotein, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, and peroxidase reactive material were also found in these vacuoles. These features suggested that the vacuoles could be secondary lysosomes. The coexistence of intact PTA or degenerating PTA in the same vacuoles with paracrystalline inclusions suggested that the latter are possibly derived from PTA.
RF MEMS High-Impedance Tuneable Metamaterials for Millimeter-Wave Beam Steering (2009)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and evaluation of RF MEMS analog tuneable metamaterial high-impedance surfaces (HIS). These miniaturized structures are designed for W-band beam steering applications and are intended to replace a large multi-component subsystem by a single chip. Furthermore, the MEMS tuneable microwave metamaterials of this paper present a new class of microsystems interacting with microwaves, by uniquely combining the functionality of the microwave structures with the tuning MEMS actuators in one and the same distributed surface elements. A high-impedance surface array with 200 times 52 elements and a pitch of 350 m has been successfully fabricated and evaluated. The device features monocrystalline silicon membranes which are transfer-bonded on a multi-wafer silicon-glass substrate. The measured pull-in voltage is 15.9 V. Microwave measurements from 70 GHz to 114 GHz confirm the frequency selective nature of the surface. The fabricated devices showed a resonance frequency of 111.3 GHz to 111.8 GHz with losses ranging from -18 dB to -23 dB at the resonance and from -5 dB to -7 dB outside the resonance, which is worse than theoretically predicted but mainly attributed to imperfections in the design and fabrication of the first prototypes.
Coordination through querying in the youtopia system (2011)

In a previous paper, we laid out the vision of declarative data-driven coordination (D3C) where users are provided with novel abstractions that enable them to communicate and coordinate through declarative specifications [3].
18Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Patients With Suspected Pancreatic Cancer (1999)

These data confirm that 18FDG-PET is useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected primary or recurrent pancreatic carcinoma. 18FDG-PET is more sensitive and specific than CT in the detection of small primary tumors and in the clarification of hepatic and distant metastases. 18FDG-PET was also of benefit in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Although 18FDG-PET cannot replace CT in defining local tumor resectability, the application of 18FDG-PET in addition to CT may alter clinical management in a significant fraction of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Chromium‐Based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image-like illumination with LED arrays: design (2012)

An array of spatially distributed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can produce an illumination pattern that approaches an image by individually modulating each LED. In this letter, I analyze the first-order design of such systems in order to achieve the best match between the illumination distribution and a desired image. In particular, simple formulas are given for the optimal number of LEDs, working distance, array size, and LED beam pattern. The analysis developed here may be applied to the design of LED systems such as architecture lighting, energy-efficient lighting, backlight local dimming for displays, and structured illumination microscopy with micro-LED arrays.
A dual polarized near-field focusing plate at microwave frequencies providing sub-wavelength focusing in two dimensions (2011)

In this work we introduce a novel near-field focusing plate able to provide sub-wavelength focusing in both directions, parallel to the plate, as well as for both polarizations of the illuminating plane wave at microwave frequencies. Two similar designs are proposed: the first one is made of a thick metallic plate, whereas the second one is made of a thin copper plate fabricated on top of a Rogers 5880 dielectric substrate. The focusing behavior of these structures is analyzed with Ansys HFSS and CST Microwave Studio full-wave simulators. © 2011 IEEE.
Allogeneic transplantation using TLI-ATG conditioning for Hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous transplantation (2018)

TO THE EDITOR:

The recent point and counterpoint articles by Peggs[1][1] and Moskowitz[2][2] discuss the evolving role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) after failure of autologous HCT in the era of highly active novel agents including brentuximab
Robo1 and Robo2 Control the Development of the Lateral Olfactory Tract (2007)

The development of olfactory bulb projections that form the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) is still poorly understood. It is known that the septum secretes Slit1 and Slit2 which repel olfactory axons in vitro and that in Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- mutant mice, the LOT is profoundly disrupted. However, the involvement of Slit receptors, the roundabout (Robo) proteins, in guiding LOT axons has not been demonstrated. We show here that both Robo1 and Robo2 receptors are expressed on early developing LOT axons, but that only Robo2 is present at later developmental stages. Olfactory bulb axons from Robo1-/-;Robo2-/- double-mutant mice are not repelled by Slit in vitro. The LOT develops normally in Robo1-/- mice, but is completely disorganized in Robo2-/- and Robo1-/-;Robo2-/- double-mutant embryos, with many LOT axons spreading along the ventral surface of the telencephalon. Finally, the position of lot1-expressing cells, which have been proposed to be the LOT guidepost cells, appears unaffected in Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- mice and in Robo1-/-;Robo2-/- mice. Together, our results indicate that Robo1 and Robo2 directly mediate the repulsive activity of Slit receptors on LOT axons, and are required for normal guidance of these axons in vivo.
Detection of subjects and brain regions related to Alzheimer's disease using 3D MRI scans based on eigenbrain and machine learning (2015)

The eigenbrain method was effective in AD subject prediction and discriminant brain-region detection in MRI scanning.
Intermittent hypoxia has organ-specific effects on oxidative stress (2008)

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by upper airway collapse, leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH). It has been postulated that IH-induced oxidative stress may contribute to several chronic diseases associated with obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesize that IH induces systemic oxidative stress by upregulating NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme. NADPH oxidase is regulated by a cytosolic p47(phox) subunit, which becomes phosphorylated during enzyme activation. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IH with an inspired O(2) fraction nadir of 5% 60 times/h during the 12-h light phase (9 AM-9 PM) for 1 or 4 wk. In the aorta and heart, IH did not affect lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA) level], nitrotyrosine level, or p47(phox) expression and phosphorylation. In contrast, in the liver, exposure to IH for 1 wk resulted in a trend to an increase in MDA levels, whereas IH for 4 wk resulted in a 38% increase in MDA levels accompanied by upregulation of p47(phox) expression and phosphorylation. Administration of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, during IH exposure attenuated IH-induced increases in hepatic MDA. In p47(phox)-deficient mice, MDA levels were higher at baseline and, unexpectedly, decreased during IH. In conclusion, oxidative stress levels and pathways under IH conditions are organ and duration specific.
Starch as Stilt Material in Carbonless Copy Paper ‐ New Developments (1989)

Abstract For several reasons, calibrated wheat starch is by far the best performing stilt material in carbonless copy paper. Due to its size selection and its nice globular shape, it gives excellent stilt functionality at relatively low doses compared to native wheat starch. Less binder is needed and better copy quality obtained. It also has better runability properties than calibrated cellulose powder. For high speed running coating machines, involving a very intensive drying, a thermo‐resistant calibrated wheat starch has been developed. This starch assures that also in the future, starch will stay the best performing stilt material for carbonless copy paper. Besides the classical advantages, such as better copy quality, the thermoresistant wheat starch offers some extra advantages, e. g. lower binder consumption.
Influence of climate and river level on the incidence of malaria in Cacao, French Guiana (2011)

The association between the river level and the number of malaria attacks provides clues to better understand the environment of malaria transmission and the ecological characteristics of the vectors in the region.
Thrice-daily milking throughout lactation maintains epithelial integrity and thereby improves milk protein quality (2001)

Cows managed for extended lactations of 16 months duration were milked on a half-udder basis twice or thrice daily, commencing in lactation week 9. Mammary epithelial integrity (assessed by milk sodium : potassium ratio) was greater in the half-udder which was milked thrice daily. This difference was evident throughout the lactation but became greater after week 41. Milk protein composition was assessed during late lactation (52+/-3 weeks). Casein number (casein as a proportion of total protein) was significantly higher in half-udders milked thrice daily, as were the relative amounts of alpha- and beta-caseins, whilst those of kappa- and- caseins were reduced. Two days of inverted milking frequency (i.e. thrice-milked udder halves now milked twice, and vice versa) only partly reversed these differences. We concluded that thrice-daily milking will help to prevent or ameliorate the usual decline in milk processing quality associated with late lactation. Part of this effect is due simply to reduced exposure to proteolytic enzymes as a result of decreased storage time in the udder, but part is due to a better maintenance of epithelial tight junction integrity as lactation advances, which restricts leakage of proteolytic enzymes from serum into milk.
Towards an Unified Approach for Guided Ultrasonic Wave Dispersion Curves in Metallic and Composites Materials (2015)

In current literature, algorithms for predicting guided ultrasonic wave dispersion curves use different solution approaches based on the material type of the medium in which the waves propagate, thereby distinguishing between isotropic and anisotropic material. For composites which have a slight degree of anisotropy, however, both solution approaches are not satisfactory. This manuscript, therefore, proposes an unified approach which is valid for any material regardless its degree of anisotropy. The proposed unified approach was based on the eigenvalue problem which was derived from the Christoffel equation for a lamina. The eigenvalues, and eigenvectors were obtained straightforward by solving the eigenvalue problem. Special attention, however, was required when identify the polarization of the eigenvectors, and ensuring continuity within a set of eigenvectors when transiting from complex to real roots as result of the Christoffel equation. The traction free boundary conditions were applied to set up the six by six stress-displacement matrix which was solved to find the wavenumber-velocity pairs which yielded a solution. As result of using the Christoffel equation, a complex determinant for each wavenumber-velocity pair was obtained. A simple, and elegant ap- proach, based on the phase between succeeding velocities for a fixed wavenumber, was developed, and applied successfully to determine the wavenumber-velocity pairs which yielded a solution. The proposed unified approach was evaluated for both isotropic, and anisotropic materials. The developed algorithm verified using the commercially available software package DISPERSE. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/220
Multiple Valve Replacement (1967)

ESTABLISHMENT of safe, prolonged extracorporeal circulation and the advent of suitable prosthetic valves have allowed surgeons to operate upon patients with multiple valvular deformities. Due to the increased duration of the operative procedure and additional trauma, the mortality of multiple valve insertion would appear to be incremental with each valve replaced. In review of our own cases, however, this has not been found. The late mortality indicates a need for conscientious involvement by physicians in the long-term care of such patients. Material Preoperative evaluation of all patients with multivalvular disease consists of chest x-ray films, electrocardiograms, routine laboratory studies, and cardiac catheterization. Occasionally the clinical signs of valve malfunction are sufficiently overt that cardiac catheterization is not deemed essential. Angiography is rarely used as an aid in establishment of the diagnosis. All patients are operated upon with the use of mild general body hypothermia (32 to 34 C) and rotating
Impedance matching design of Vivaldi antenna in X-band (2013)

The stripline design of an X-band double layer Vivaldi antenna to achieve impedance matching is described in this paper. The theory of the equivalent circuit in transmission line theory is adopted to get the wide of stripline at the coupling point, and it is deduced that the bandwidth of the antenna can be enhanced by a gradient index stripline, as well as double gain by the design of double layer. A antenna of 45mm (length) × 20mm (width) × 3.15mm (thickness) is designed and fabricated in this paper. The simulation results show that the bandwidth is from 8 GHz to 12 GHz, while the maximum gain is 6.7 dB, and the VSWR<;2, which can meet the design requirements.
Perfect tracking control of output voltage based on noncausal nonlinear stable inversion for boost converters (2022)

Transient characteristics of boost converters, from duty cycle to output voltage, are nonlinear and nonminimum phase. Therefore, improving the speed of variable voltage control and output voltage-tracking performance of boost converters is challenging. Generally, feedforward control is required to track the target value precisely. Noncausal stable inversion is a feedforward control method wherein the control input is applied before the control output varies. It achieves perfect tracking for nonminimum phase systems. This study solves the noncausal stable inversion problem for the boost converter by focusing on the power flow equation implemented from the continuous-time nonlinear state-space obtained by the state-space averaging method. We show that accurate tracking an arbitrary varying output voltage of boost converters is possible. Several simulations and experiments conducted on the assembled experimental device demonstrated perfect tracking performance.
Spatial control of cavitation: theoretical and experimental validation of a dual-frequency excitation method (2005)

Inertial cavitation has been implicated as the primary mechanism for a host of emerging applications. In all these applications, the main concern is to induce cavitation in perfectly controlled locations in the field, this means specifically to be able to achieve cavitation threshold at the geometrical focus of the transducer without stimulating its near field. In this study, we develop dual-frequency methods to preferentially lower the cavitation threshold at the focus relative to the rest of the field. One family of dual-frequency driving waveforms is evaluated in a bubble model incorporating rectified diffusion. Results are then verified by experiment. Finally, the performance of the rest of the acoustic field in suppressing cavitation when cavitation is induced at the focus is investigated theoretically and checked experimentally. This study shows that dual-frequency phased arrays could be used to precisely control cavitation. The cavitation threshold is proved to be almost 1.3 times higher in the near field than at the focus. The concept of cavitation field is introduced and complements cavitation studies concentrating on the focal behavior only.