gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The type I interferon system in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (2010)

Polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM) are chronic inflammatory diseases that are characterized by muscle weakness and inflammatory cells in muscle tissue. Autoantibodies are common, some of them are specific for myositis, the most frequent being the anti-Jo-1 antibody which is associated not only with myositis but also with interstitial lung disease and arthritis. A role of type I interferons in disease mechanisms of myositis was first supported by the reported onset of PM and DM during treatment with type I interferon. More recently an interferon signature has been reported in muscle tissue of DM and PM patients both as gene and protein expression, and type I IFN expression in peripheral blood cells seems to correlate with disease activity. Different mechanisms could induce type I interferon in PM and DM like viral infections or endogenous factors as suggested by the observation that sera from myositis patients with anti-Jo-1 antibodies as well as anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies have an interferon inducible capacity. Accumulating data indicate a role of the type I interferon in myositis, particularly in juvenile and adult DM and in anti-Jo-1 or anti-SSA positive PM.
Structural and enzymatic characterization of a host-specificity determinant fromSalmonella (2014)

GtgE is an effector protein from Salmonella Typhimurium that modulates trafficking of the Salmonella-containing vacuole. It exerts its function by cleaving the Rab-family GTPases Rab29, Rab32 and Rab38, thereby preventing the delivery of antimicrobial factors to the bacteria-containing vacuole. Here, the crystal structure of GtgE at 1.65 Å resolution is presented, and structure-based mutagenesis and in vivo infection assays are used to identify its catalytic triad. A panel of cysteine protease inhibitors were examined and it was determined that N-ethylmaleimide, antipain and chymostatin inhibit GtgE activity in vitro. These findings provide the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat Salmonella infections.
Liquid crystal self-assembly of upconversion nanorods enriched by depletion forces for mesostructured material preparation (2018)

Monodisperse rod-like colloidal particles are known for spontaneously forming both nematic and smectic liquid crystal phases, but their self-assembly was typically exploited from the fundamental soft condensed matter physics perspective. Here we demonstrate that depletion interactions, driven by non-adsorbing polymers like dextran and surfactants, can be used to enrich the self-organization of photon-upconversion nanorods into orientationally ordered nematic and smectic-like membrane colloidal superstructures. We study thermodynamic phase diagrams and demonstrate polarization-dependent photon upconversion exhibited by the ensuing composites, which arises from the superposition of unique properties of the solid nanostructures and the long-range ordering enabled by liquid crystalline self-organization. Finally, we discuss how our method of utilizing self-assembly due to the steric and electrostatic interactions, along with attractive depletion forces, can enable technological uses of lyotropic colloidal liquid crystals and mesostructured composite materials enabled by them, even when they are formed by anisotropic nanoparticles with relatively small aspect ratios.
QT dispersion and T-loop morphology in late pregnancy and after delivery. (2002)

The aim of the study was to detect changes of both the QT dispersion and T-loop morphology resulting from the changed spatial position of the heart during pregnancy. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic recordings were obtained from 37 healthy women 19-36 years old in the 36th to 40th week of physiological pregnancy and 2 to 6 days after delivery. The same recordings were obtained from 18 healthy women of the same age. The average QT dispersion (+/- S.D.) in normal subjects was significantly lower (34 +/- 12 ms) than in those in late pregnancy (73 +/- 18 ms) (P < 0.001). The average amplitude of T-loop (Ta) in women in late pregnancy was significantly (P < 0.001) smaller (532 +/- 98 microV) and the width of T-loop (Tw) was wider (21.24 +/- 11.48 deg) than in the control group (793 +/- 114 microV and 7.17 +/- 3.02 deg, respectively). The partial post-partum restoration of all parameters was not significant. In all groups, the QT dispersion was significantly correlated with Tw but not with Ta. According to these results we can conclude that the QT dispersion is an indirect reflection of the complete process of ventricular repolarization, reflected in the morphology of the T-loop.
Somatosensory‐evoked potentials elicited by bilateral stimulation of the median nerve and its clinical application (1978)

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) elicited by bilaterally simultaneous median nerve stimulation (BS) were studied in 28 normal subjects and in 20 patients with various cerebral lesions. In normals, SEP'S evoked by BS were symmetric between the homologous areas of the two hemispheres and resembled the response contralateral to unilateral stimulation (US). In patients with a cerebral lesion, BS responses were not only asymmetric but often differed in wave form from the response of the affected hemisphere to contralateral US. These alterations were attributed to the cumulative interactions of the anomalous contralateral and ipsilateral components. The additional use of BS made it possible to demonstrate SEP abnormalities that might have been regarded as normal or equivocal if only the US method had been used. The neurophysiologic mechanisms of the origin of SEP are discussed.
Upper Extremity Pain and Pitching Mechanics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Softball (2018)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pitching mechanics between female softball pitchers with upper extremity pain and those without upper extremity pain. Specifically, the trunk, shoulder and elbow kinematics and shoulder kinetics during the change-up softball pitch were examined. Fifty-five collegiate softball pitchers participated, divided into those with upper extremity pain (20.0±1.3 yrs.; 174.4±6.9 cm; 82.9±12.4 kg; 11.1±2.6 yrs. of experience; n=23) and those who were pain-free (19.9±1.4 yrs.; 173.8±6.9 cm; 81.4±12.5 kg; 10.0±2.5 yrs. of experience; n=32). Pitching mechanics were obtained via the trakSTAR<sup>™</sup> electromagnetic tracking system (Ascension Technologies, Inc., Burlington, VT, USA). Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant differences in shoulder horizontal abduction at foot contact (<i>p=</i>0.014, <i>U=</i>153, <i>Z=</i>2.450) and trunk lateral flexion at ball release (<i>p=</i>0.012, <i>U=</i>150, <i>Z=</i>-2.515); and between shoulder distraction force at ball release (<i>p=</i>0.034, <i>U=</i>168, <i>Z=</i>-2.124). The pain group illustrated greater shoulder horizontal abduction at foot contact, less trunk lateral flexion towards the throwing side at ball release, and greater shoulder distraction at ball release than the pain-free group. The differences in trunk and shoulder kinematics, and shoulder kinetics between groups allows for insight into further studies examining injury pervasiveness in softball pitching.
Establishing wireless conference calls under delay constraints (2002)

A prevailing feature of mobile telephony systems is that the cell where a mobile user is located may be unknown. Therefore when the system is to establish a call between users it may need to search, or page, all the cells that it suspects the users are located in, to find the cells where the users currently reside. The search consumes expensive wireless links and so it is desirable to develop search techniques that page as few cells as possible.We consider cellular systems with c cells and m mobile users roaming among the cells. The location of the users is uncertain as given by probability distribution vectors. Whenever the system needs to find specific users, it conducts a search operation lasting some number of rounds (the delay constraint). In each round the system may check an arbitrary subset of cells to see which users are located there. In this setting the problem of finding one user with minimum expected number of cells searched is known to be solved optimally in polynomial time.In this paper we address the problem of finding several users with the same optimization goal. This task is motivated by the problem of establishing a conference call between mobile users. We first show that the problem is NP-hard. Then we prove that a natural and simple heuristic is a e/e-1 approximation solution.
(Invited) Graphene Plane Electrode for Low Power 3D Resistive Random Access Memory (2016)

In this work, we introduce one of the world’s thinnest non-volatile memory stacked in a 3-dimensional vertical structure. We exploit the edge of an atomically thin graphene layer and form a metal oxide resistive memory using HfO x as the switching oxide. We found that such thin memory has potential for highly integrated storage system with memory density higher than the same memory structure made using thin metal layer. We also confirm that it is not possible to build such thin memory with conventional metal because the sheet resistance of metal dramatically increases as it is thinned down to less than 5 nm.
Supporting Participation through Universal Design: Inclusive Placemaking in Museums (2010)

Presented by Carrie Bruce, Research Scientist at the Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, on April 9, 2010 in the Reinsch-Pierce Family Auditorium at Georgia Tech.
Reciprocal Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Growth-Phase-Dependent Expression of sfh , a Gene That Encodes a Paralogue of the Nucleoid-Associated Protein H-NS (2006)

The IncHI1 self-transmissible plasmid pSf-R27 from Shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457T harbors sfh, a gene that codes for a protein with strong amino acid sequence homology to the global transcription regulator and nucleoid-associated protein H-NS and to its paralogue, StpA. Previously, we discovered that the expression of sfh mRNA is growth phase dependent such that in cultures growing in Lennox broth at 37 degrees C, the transcript is readily detectable in the early stages of exponential growth but is not detectable at the onset of stationary phase. In contrast, the Sfh protein is poorly expressed in early-exponential growth when sfh mRNA is abundant whereas it is expressed to a high level in early stationary phase, when sfh transcript expression is low (P. Deighan, C. Beloin, and C. J. Dorman, Mol. Microbiol. 48:1401-1416, 2003). This unusual pattern of reciprocal mRNA and protein expression is not due to growth phase-dependent effects on either mRNA or protein stability, nor is it due to the known abilities of the Sfh, StpA, and H-NS proteins to influence sfh gene expression. Instead, our data point to a blockade of sfh mRNA translation in early-exponential growth that is relieved as the culture enters the stationary phase of growth. Replacing the 5' end and translation initiation signals of the sfh mRNA with heterologous sequences did not alter the growth phase-dependent expression of the Sfh protein, suggesting that growth phase control of translation is intrinsic to another component of the message.
Catalytic hydrogenation of derived‐vegetable oils by Ru NPs supported onto ion‐exchange resin functionalized by β-cyclodextrin (2022)

National audience
Inhibition of cyclic AMP-mediated intestinal hypersecretion by pituitary extracts from rats pretreated with cholera toxin. (1984)

Peroral pretreatment with cholera toxin (CT) in rats induced protection against intestinal hypersecretion by CT or prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Pituitary glands from these CT-pretreated rats were homogenized and injected intravenously or intraluminally into untreated rats. These recipients became resistant to CT- as well as to PGE1-induced hypersecretion; recipients given pituitary extracts from control animals responded normally. Extracts of intestinal mucosa from CT-pretreated, but not from control rats, also inhibited secretion by CT. Ultrafiltration experiments with the pituitary or intestinal extracts indicated that the antisecretory factors had a molecular weight between 10,000 and 50,000.
European Food Safety Certification - The GlobalG.A.P® Standard and Its Accredited Certification Scheme (2012)

Many European importers and retailers will only buy produce, meat, and grain-based products that come from GlobalG.A.P-certified farms. Despite its environmental origins, the main concern is food safety, followed by worker welfare, and then ecological matters. There are slightly different versions for fresh fruit and vegetables, meat products, flowers and ornamentals, and combinable crops (grains and pulses). There is also an Integrated Farm Assurance version for farms with several types of operations taking place at once. This revised 4-page fact sheet was written by Richard C. Yudin and Keith R. Schneider, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, February 2012. FSHN0801/FS145: European Food Safety Certification—The GlobalG.A.P® Standard and Its Accredited Certification Scheme (ufl.edu)
Sarcasm Detection Algorithms (2018)

In this paper, we want to review one of the challenging problems for the opinion mining task, which is sarcasm detection. To be able to do that, many researchers tried to explore such properties in sarcasm like theories of sarcasm, syntactical properties, psycholinguistic of sarcasm, lexical feature, semantic properties, etc. Studies conducted within last 15 years have not only made progress in semantic features but have also shown increasing amounts of methods of analysis using a machine-learning approach to process data. Therefore, this paper will try to explain the most currently used methods to detect sarcasm. Lastly, we will present a result of our finding, which might help other researchers to gain a better result in the future.
Mechanisms of Organophosphate Toxicity and Detoxication with Emphasis on Studies in Croatia (2007)

This review comprises studies on the mechanisms of toxicity and detoxication of organophosphorus (OP) compounds done in Croatia in different research areas. One area is the synthesis of antidotes against OP poisoning and their in vivo testing in experimental animals. In vitro studies included in this review focus on the mechanisms of reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), protection of cholinesterases from inhibition by OPs, and reactivation of phosphylated cholinesterases. The third area comprises distribution profiles of BChE and paraoxonase (PON) phenotypes in selected population groups and the detection of OPs and metabolites in humans. Finally, methods are described for the detection of OP compounds in human blood and other media by means of cholinesterase inhibition.
Redefining the targets of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) utilizing a novel VDR reporter mouse. (2021)

Abstract The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a ligand-activated nuclear protein that regulates gene transcription. Vitamin D target cells are identified by the expression of VDR. Kidney and colon epithelial cells constitutively express high levels of the VDR. Immune cells also express the VDR; however, at significantly lower levels. Western blots show very low expression of the VDR in spleen, and lymph nodes. Gene expression studies in macrophage, B cells and T cells showed that activation for 24–48 hours increased the VDR mRNA levels. We have developed transgenic mice that express Cre recombinase within the VDR locus (VDRcre) and crossed these with a reporter line (Tdtomatofl/fl). Cre expression in the VDR locus results in a VDR +/− mice. The frequencies of immune cells were similar between VDR−/− and VDR +/− mice. The VDRcre expressing offspring had pink skin. Kidneys, small intestine and colon were also distinctly pink suggesting high expression of the Tdtomato-VDR reporter. Splenic T cells, activated with CD3e antibody showed upregulation of VDR mRNA and protein. Regardless of activation status, naive, effector or memory T cells had similar and high levels of the VDR reporter. VDR expression was detected at various stages of T cell thymic development with a 80% in the CD4-CD8- cells and 90% of CD4+CD8+ cells, 84% CD4+ and 88% CD8+ thymocytes. High expression of the VDR reporter in multiple T cell types and precursors suggests that the VDR is expressed throughout the life of a T cell. Future work will identify immune cells negative for the VDR reporter and the kinetics of VDR expression following activation in various cell types.
Electrode placement, stimulus dosing, and EEG monitoring with ECT (2000)

Objectives: The aim of the workshop is for participants to review and discuss the areas of stimulus electrode placement, stimulus dosing, and EEG monitoring as they apply to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).Content: The content will cover (1) the choice of stimulus electrode placement, as well as the various applicable techniques; (2) decision making regarding choice of stimulus dose with ECT, both initially and throughout the ECT course; (3) the use of EEG monitoring with ECT, including recording site, placement of recording electrodes, and interpretation of recorded data to determine the occurrence, endpoint, and adequacy of seizure activity.Process: The facilitator will present a 10–15 minute talk on each of the three topics; each talk being followed by the opportunity for interaction with and among the participants. It is anticipated that it will be clear that a range of clinically acceptable options exists in many cases.Participants: This workshop is intended for psychiatrists who administer ECT or wh...
Controlled stepwise motion in polysilicon microstructures (1993)

This paper presents a polysilicon slider and a rotor capable of stepwise motion. These devices were fabricated on a silicon wafer with surface micromachine technology. The proportional relation between the velocity of motion and the frequency of the applied pulse was experimentally confirmed. The peak value of the applied pulse determines the step length. The step values observed were in the range of 10-30 nm for a bushing height of 1.0 mu m and of 40-80 nm for a bushing height of 2.0 mu m depending on the peak voltage of the applied pulse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
APPLICATIONS OF NANOMER IN NANOCOMPOSITES: FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY (2001)

Nanomers are surface modified montmorillonite minerals available for a range polymer resins from commodity polyolefins to specialty polyamides. Nano-effects have been demonstrated for resins in which Nanomers are added either during polymerization or by melt compounding. Montmorillonite’s unique morphology contributes to improved strength and toughness, heat/dimensional stability, gas barrier and flame retardation. In addition to Nanomer product development, Nanocor has developed advanced processing technology to facilitate our customers’ easy incorporation into resin systems. Downstream products using nanocomposite technology are now emerging at an accelerating pace. This presentation will focus on the benefits of nanocomposites with examples of their use in commercial products.
Biologic and physical properties of succinylated and glycosylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase (1975)

Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase was chemically modified by succinylation and glycosylation with glycopeptides from human fibrin and gamma-globulin. These modifications markedly prolonged the half-lives of the enzyme in mice, rats, and rabbits. The plasma half-life in mice increased with decreasing isoelectric point. Glycosylation caused greater prolongation in rodents than succinylation. The kinetic properties of the modified enzymes were unchanged. Succinylation protected the enzyme from trypsin digestion. Glycosylated preparations had less heat inactivation than native and succinylated enzyme. Sedimentation equilibrium studies on a succinylated preparation showed reversible dissociation to a dimer (71, 400 g/mol) with an association constant of 1.3 times 10-6 liters/mol. This dissociation was identical with native enzyme, except for a 3% increase in molecular weight due to succinate groups. Sedimentation equilibrium studies on glycosylated preparations showed mixtures of molecular weight from 60, 000 to over 180, 000. Gel filtration and active enzyme sedimentation showed active polymers, but no active species smaller than tetramer.
Energy efficiency optimization in hardware-constrained large-scale MIMO systems (2014)

Large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems can bring substantial improvement in spectral efficiency and/or energy efficiency, due to the excessive degrees-of-freedom and huge array gain. However, large-scale MIMO is expected to deploy lower-cost radio frequency (RF) components, which are particularly prone to hardware impairments. Unfortunately, compensation schemes are not able to remove the impact of hardware impairments completely, such that a certain amount of residual impairments always exists. In this paper, we investigate the impact of residual transmit RF impairments (RTRI) on the spectral and energy efficiency of training-based point-to-point large-scale MIMO systems, and seek to determine the optimal training length and number of antennas which maximize the energy efficiency. We derive deterministic equivalents of the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) with zero-forcing (ZF) receivers, as well as the corresponding spectral and energy efficiency, which are shown to be accurate even for small number of antennas. Through an iterative sequential optimization, we find that the optimal training length of systems with RTRI can be smaller compared to ideal hardware systems in the moderate SNR regime, while larger in the high SNR regime. Moreover, it is observed that RTRI can significantly decrease the optimal number of transmit and receive antennas.
Thermal Energy Storage Using Zinc as Encapsulated Phase Change Material (2011)

Concentrating solar power is inherently intermittent and thus thermal energy storage is an essential component of a successful baseload solar power plant. Phase change materials (PCM) have the potential to decrease the cost of thermal energy storage systems for these plants since the latent heat contribution can be significant. The present work deals with certain aspects of using zinc as PCM for storing solar energy at high temperatures from 300°C to 500°C. The objective is the storage of hundreds of mega-watt-hours equivalent of solar energy in systems using zinc as encapsulated phase change materials (EPCM). Stainless steel and nickel have been considered as encapsulation materials for zinc. The present work describes several aspects of this technology that need consideration in designing the EPCM; such as thermal analysis, materials issues, proof of storage and retrieval of energy and cost analysis. EPCM of several sizes and shapes subjected to many cycles of energy storage/retrieval have been considered as part of the calorimetry tests here. Thanks to the large thermal conductivities of the metals involved, storing and retrieving energy into/out of the PCM is not an impediment. Potential interaction of PCM with encapsulation materials and their impact on storage capabilities are also discussed. Lastly the cost estimates ($/kWhth) of these large thermal storage systems based on procedures used by NREL are presented. Though zinc based EPCM storage systems can be expensive at around $54/kWhth, they are more economical than the current two-tank storage systems that use sensible heat only for thermal energy storage.