gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events from Immune Checkpoint Protein Antibodies for the Oncologist (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoint proteins, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-1), can boost endogenous immune responses directed against tumor cells. Recently, ipilimumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and the anti-PD-1 antibody BMS-936558 has shown promising results in patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell cancer. During treatment with these antibodies, a unique set of toxicities occur called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs may occur at any time during treatment and include colitis characterized by a mild to moderate but occasionally severe and persistent diarrhea. Hypophysitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, iridocyclitis, lymphadenopathy, neuropathies, and nephritis have also been reported with ipilimumab, and a subset of those side effects has also been observed with BMS-936558. Patient and physician education as well as good patient-caretaker communication are keys to limiting the morbidity of irAEs. Early recognition of these irAEs and initiation of treatment are critical to reduce the risk of complications, since virtually all irAEs are reversible with the use of steroids and other immune suppressants. The onset of grade 3 to 4 irAEs correlated with treatment response in some ipilimumab studies. This article provides detailed description and recommendations for practicing oncologists to manage the common irAEs associated with antibodies against immune checkpoint blockade.
Vedic chanting and vowel intrinsic pitch: Evidence from an ancient source (1989)

The purpose of this paper is to shed further light on the aetiology and speech specific nature of vowel intrinsic fundamental frequency (IF0), by investigating its presence in vedic chanting. This is one of the earliest forms of chanting (circa 5000 years old) which is still prevalent today, predating much of Indian classical music. It is interesting to study vedic chanting as it represents the borderline between speech and singing. There are three distinct tone levels in this chanting referred to as: (a) udatta high, (b) anudatta low, and (c) svarita, in-between. Sanskrit grammarians classify vowels according to the position of the tongue body and use the same labels as above for marking the tones. The interaction of vowel height and tone level in this vocal mode is investigated. Several vedic passages from three chanters with different vowels occurring with the same tone level and different tone levels for the same vowel have been recorded. Initial measurements of F0 suggest that chanters can override the effect of IF0 to achieve the same relative pitch values. This implies that the effect of IF0 depends on vocal mode and an active control of IF0 is possible.
Septicemia and Chronic Hemodialysis (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Septicemia and Chronic HemodialysisALAN S. CROSS, M.D., ROY T. STEIGBIEGEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.ALAN S. CROSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROY T. STEIGBIEGEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-576 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article, "Septicemia in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis" (Ann Intern Med 88:28-33, 1978), Dobkin, Miller, and Steigbigel take issue with our recommendation that "access removal may be mandatory in the successful management of infective endocarditis in patients on hemodialysis" (1).In part our comments were made to initiate a discussion of the proper management of access sites in the presence of infective endocarditis insofar as this aspect of management has been virtually ignored in the literature. Our suggestions were based on (a) the high mortality (53%) of patients with infective endocarditis with access sites (1); (b)...References1. CrossSteigbigel AR: Infective endocarditis and access site infection in patients on hemodialysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 55:453-466, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. LeonardRaijComtyWathenRattazziShapiro ALCRTF: Experience with endocarditis in a large kidney disease program. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 19:298-301, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LilleheiBobbVisscher CRM: Occurence of endocarditis with valvular deformities in dogs with arteriovenous fistulae. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 75:9, 1950 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HookWainerMcGeeSellers EHTT: Acquired arteriovenous fistulae with bacterial endarteritis and endocarditis. JAMA 164:1450, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SilvermanGunnelsStickle NJD: Surgical treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endarteritis. Arch Surg 108:730-732, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALAN S. CROSS, M.D.; ROY T. STEIGBIEGEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 576-577KeywordsEndocarditisMortalitySepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
History of complaints as a diagnostic tool (2013)

History taking is essential in the dizzy patient and leads to the correct diagnosis in more than half of all cases. Important aspects of history taking in dizzy patients, including the onset (abrupt vs gradually), duration (short vs long), and frequency of episodes (single vs recurrent), are described in a straightforward manner, and a special focus is put on possible triggers (head turns, postural changes, coughing or sneezing) and accompanying symptoms (e.g. hearing loss). Potential pitfalls in history taking, such as relying on the quality of symptoms, which is often non-diagnostic and may be misleading, are pointed out, and clinical conditions devoid of obvious focal signs or symptoms (such as isolated vertigo in the absence of accompanying symptoms) are introduced to the reader and put in the clinical context. The relevance of concomitant illnesses, drug intake, or repetitive episodes is discussed concisely and with a focus on identifying the urgent and potentially dangerous underlying disorders.
The Road towards Fully Hybrid CMOS Imager Sensors. (2011)

Monolithic imagers contain the photosensitive elements as well as the read-out IC (ROIC) on the same substrate. Backside thinning on carrier enables efficient collection of photo-generated carriers through back illumination, resulting in almost 100% fill factor. This contrary to front side illumination where light loss is introduced by reflection on metal interconnects. Together with an optimized backside ARC coating, high quantum efficiency (QE) can be achieved. Hybrid imagers consist of a detector array that is produced separately and hybridized on a ROIC. A fully-hybrid backside illuminated imager has more flexibility because the detector array and the ROIC can be separately optimized to the needs of the application leading towards further improvement on QE and inter pixel cross talk. Fully processed thinned diode arrays were flip-chipped onto the ROIC by means of an Indium bump per pixel. The choice of the bump type is very critical for yielding imager assemblies, or more in general, 3D assemblies. The Indium bump process has however limited fab compatibility to evolve towards a production mature hybrid imager process. Therefore an alternative electroplated CuSn micro bump process is described. We report an average daisy chain yield above 90% for die-to-die assemblies with CuSn bumps. Measurements were performed on a dedicated 1M bump area array test design with very long daisy chains of bumps on a 20μm pitch. Processing aspects like choice of plating seed layer, the influence of cleaning agents and seed layer etchants on the micro bump performance are being discussed. Finally, the impact on the daisy chain yield after thermal cycling is shown.
Dissociation of Ligand−Receptor Complexes Using Magnetic Tweezers (2005)

We present a new tool for measuring ligand−receptor complex bonds at the single-molecule level using magnetic tweezers. Our apparatus allows massively parallel (100−1000) measurements on many single complexes perturbed by constant forces. Compared to other single-molecule techniques, our method is simple, inexpensive, robust, and widely compatible with other techniques. We immobilized specific receptor molecules on the surface of superparamagnetic beads and corresponding ligand molecules on a fixed surface. The beads were allowed to contact the surface so that ligand−receptor binding occurred. A permanent magnet then generated a constant force that pulled the receptors away from the ligands. The rates at which bound species separated at various forces allowed us to characterize the potential energy landscape of the bond and extrapolate bulk solution kinetic rates and transition-state distances. These values agreed with those obtained using bulk and single-molecule methods.
Evaluation of Long-term Outcomes of Facial Sensation following Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis (2019)

These results suggest that while sensory nerve injury during routine FOA may occur, it does not result in a quantifiable nor clinically significant long-term sensory deficit threshold. Patients do not develop long-term neuropathic pain following surgical intervention.
Dynamic structures of zinc, magnesium and aluminum azaallylmetal reagents (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic structures of zinc, magnesium and aluminum azaallylmetal reagentsJames J. Lalonde, David E. Bergbreiter, and Martin NewcombCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 8, 1369–1372Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00358a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00358a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Helper locks for fork-join parallel programming (2010)

Helper locks allow programs with large parallel critical sections, called parallel regions, to execute more efficiently by enlisting processors that might otherwise be waiting on the helper lock to aid in the execution of the parallel region. Suppose that a processor p is executing a parallel region A after having acquired the lock L protecting A . If another processor p ′ tries to acquire L , then instead of blocking and waiting for p to complete A , processor p ′ joins p to help it complete A . Additional processors not blocked on L may also help to execute A . The HELPER runtime system can execute fork-join computations augmented with helper locks and parallel regions. HELPER supports the unbounded nesting of parallel regions. We provide theoretical completion-time and space-usage bounds for a design of HELPER based on work stealing. Specifically, let V be the number of parallel regions in a computation, let T 1 be its work, and let T ∞ be its "aggregate span" --- the sum of the spans (critical-path lengths) of all its parallel regions. We prove that HELPER completes the computation in expected time O ( T 1 / P P + T ∞+ PV on P processors. This bound indicates that programs with a small number of highly parallel critical sections can attain linear speedup. For the space bound, we prove that HELPER completes a program using only O ( P S 1 stack space, where S 1 is the sum, over all regions, of the stack space used by each region in a serial execution. Finally, we describe a prototype of HELPER implemented by modifying the Cilk multithreaded runtime system. We used this prototype to implement a concurrent hash table with a resize operation protected by a helper lock.
In Vitro Evaluation of Fludarabine in Combination With Cyclophosphamide and/or Mitoxantrone in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1999)

B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of long-lived CD5(+) B lymphocytes. We have analyzed the effect in vitro of the combination of fludarabine with cyclophosphamide and/or mitoxantrone on cells from 20 B-CLL patients. Mafosfamide, the active form of cyclophosphamide in vitro, increased the cytotoxicity of fludarabine in all of the patients studied and produced a significant synergistic effect (P <.01) after 48 hours of incubation. The addition of mitoxantrone to this combination increased the cytotoxic effect in cells from 8 patients, but in the remaining 12 patients no significant increase was observed. The effect of fludarabine and mafosfamide was dose-dependent. Mafosfamide and fludarabine had a synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis of B-CLL cells as determined by DNA staining with propidium iodide and analysis of phosphatidylserine exposure. Mafosfamide significantly increased the apoptosis induced by fludarabine on CD19(+) cells (P =.007), but not on CD3(+) cells (P =. 314). Cell viability was correlated with a decrease in Mcl-1 levels and an increase in p53 levels. These results support that fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide and/or mitoxantrone can be highly effective in the treatment of B-CLL.
Self-Monitoring of Emotions: a Novel Personal Informatics Solution for an Enhanced Self-Reporting. (2014)

Abstract. Personal Informatics systems help people to collect personally relevant information for the purpose of self-reflection and self-knowledge. Moods and emotions are ones of the most complex data to gather, since a complete automation is impossible due to the need for a cognitive interpretation by the person. The goal of this paper is to present a novel Personal Informatics solution which overcomes some limitations in tracking emotions. To this aim, we propose a complex PI solution based on tangible interface and automatic tracking which support users in tracking their emotions with a limited cognitive load. Our initial efforts on these key directions will be described.
Indicazioni per la terapia antiepilettica del disabile grave (2012)

Il trattamento farmacologico dei pazienti gravemente disabili affetti da epilessia presenta difficoltŕ peculiari, dovute sia all'incapacitŕ del soggetto di riferire puntualmente i sintomi e gli eventuali effetti collaterali della terapia sia alla carenza di trial specifici in letteratura. Per il primo problema č fondamentale la mediazione dell'operatore/educatore che, grazie alla sua costante vicinanza al paziente, puň riferire i segni diretti e indiretti di interesse clinico. Il farmaco da somministrare deve essere scelto in base al tipo di crisi, valutando anche i possibili effetti collaterali gravi e irreversibili. Nel presente contributo vengono brevemente commentati i vantaggi e i rischi connessi alla somministrazione dei nuovi farmaci antiepilettici, richiamando anche le raccomandazioni contenute in alcuni recenti lavori pubblicati sulle riviste "Neurology" e "Seizures". Viene poi argomentato alla luce di nuove ricerche il concetto di refrattarietŕ alla terapia antiepilettica. Infine l'Autore riporta un caso di netto peggioramento della sintomatologia comiziale in rapporto alla somministrazione di carbamazepina, che teoricamente risultava indicata nel paziente in questione.
Spatial context learning approach to automatic segmentation of pleural effusion in chest computed tomography images (2016)

Pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid within the pleural cavity. Excessive accumulation of pleural fluid is an important bio-marker for various illnesses, including congestive heart failure, pneumonia, metastatic cancer, and pulmonary embolism. Quantification of pleural effusion can be indicative of the progression of disease as well as the effectiveness of any treatment being administered. Quantification, however, is challenging due to unpredictable amounts and density of fluid, complex topology of the pleural cavity, and the similarity in texture and intensity of pleural fluid to the surrounding tissues in computed tomography (CT) scans. Herein, we present an automated method for the segmentation of pleural effusion in CT scans based on spatial context information. The method consists of two stages: first, a probabilistic pleural effusion map is created using multi-atlas segmentation. The probabilistic map assigns a priori probabilities to the presence of pleural uid at every location in the CT scan. Second, a statistical pattern classification approach is designed to annotate pleural regions using local descriptors based on a priori probabilities, geometrical, and spatial features. Thirty seven CT scans from a diverse patient population containing confirmed cases of minimal to severe amounts of pleural effusion were used to validate the proposed segmentation method. An average Dice coefficient of 0.82685 and Hausdorff distance of 16.2155 mm was obtained.
Two‐dimensional NMR characterization of propylene copolymers (1987)

Abstract Newly developed two‐dimensional NMR techniques are used to characterize homopolypropylene and copolymers of propylene with ethylene and butylene. Both homonuclear and heteronuclear shift‐correlated experiments have been attempted. The most useful technique for the copolymers is 13 C‐ 1 H shift correlation, whereby the one‐dimensional 1 H‐NMR spectra of these copolymers are completely interpreted for the first time. Although the 1 H resonances are heavily overlapped, the use of a computerized “analytical” approach permits pertinent information to be obtained from the one‐dimensional 1 H‐NMR spectra.
Regularization analysis of three‐dimensional magnetotelluric inversion (2007)

Inversion of MT data is an inherently nonunique and unstable problem due to the ill‐posedness of the electromagnetic inverse problem. A variety of models may fit the data very well. To overcome this ill‐posed nature of the inverse problem, we use Tikhonov's regularization in which the ill‐posed problem is replaced by a family of well‐posed problems. We also analyze the behavior of the Tikhonov regularization parameter to find out its optimal value for a typical model of a hydrocarbon reservoir in a marine environment. We have compared two regularization techniques: rigorous and adaptive regularizations. The results of this numerical study demonstrate that adaptive regularization provides practically the same inverse image as the rigorous regularization, while reducing the computational time dramatically.
Ameliorated Outcome of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Treated with Reduced Form Glutathione (1998)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of glutathione (GSH) on delayed vasospasm and the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Seventy-seven SAH patients who were admitted to 4 hospitals and operated on within 72 h after SAH, were injected intravenously with GSH (2.4 g/day) every 6 h for 14 days. Seventy SAH patients who were not treated with GSH in the same period were selected as the control group. Patient background, the outcome at 3 months after SAH according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm were investigated. There were no statistically significant differences in patient backgrounds between the 2 groups. Regarding patient outcome, 57 patients (74%) showed good recovery, 8 (10%) were moderately disabled, 9 (12%) were severely disabled, 2 (3%) were in vegetative survival and 1 (1%) died in the GSH group, versus 39 (56%), 9 (13%), 15 (21%), 3 (4%) and 4 (6%) in the control group, respectively. These overall outcomes in the GSH group were significantly better than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). In the GSH group, 31 patients (40%) showed symptomatic vasospasm, significantly lower than 46 (66%) in the control group (P &lt; 0.01). Administration of GSH could be a good treatment for SAH patients.
Slice Finder: Automated Data Sclicing for Model Validation (2018)

As machine learning systems become democratized, it becomes increasingly important to help users easily debug their models. However, current data tools are still primitive when it comes to helping users trace model performance problems all the way to the data. We focus on the particular problem of slicing data to identify subsets of the validation data where the model performs poorly. This is an important problem in model validation because the overall model performance can fail to reflect that of the smaller subsets, and slicing allows users to analyze the model performance on a more granular-level. Unlike general techniques (e.g., clustering) that can find arbitrary slices, our goal is to find interpretable slices (which are easier to take action compared to arbitrary subsets) that are problematic and large. We propose Slice Finder, which is an interactive framework for identifying such slices using statistical techniques. Applications include diagnosing model fairness and fraud detection, where identifying slices that are interpretable to humans is crucial. This research is part of a larger trend of Big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration and opens many opportunities for new research.
Performance optimization of InGaAs/InP SPADs for either low noise or high photon detection efficiency applications (2022)

InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) can achieve high photon detection efficiency (PDE) with a thick absorber, but at the expense of higher dark count rate (DCR). PDE and DCR also depend on the electric field inside the structure, which can be tailored in the design phase and influences the overall performance. We present the design and the experimental characterization of two different 10 μm-diameter InGaAs/InP SPADs. The first one is intended for applications where low noise is the key requirement: at 225 K and 5 V excess bias, it features 1 kcps DCR, 25% PDE at 1550 nm and a timing jitter of 100 ps (FWHM). The second device is an InGaAs/InP SPAD optimized for PDE-enhanced applications, having a PDE up to 50% at 1550 nm, with a DCR of 20 kcps and a timing jitter of 70 ps (FWHM) at 225 K. Alternatively, it features a PDE of 37% at 1550 nm, with a DCR of just 3 kcps and a timing jitter of 100 ps (FWHM). When combined with a custom integrated circuit we developed, both devices show an afterpulsing probability as low as few percent with a gating frequency of 1 MHz and hold-off time of few microseconds at 225 K, allowing to achieve a photon count rate towards 1 Mcps.