gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Novel Load-Balancing Platforms Using Common DC Buses (2017)

Balanced three-phase four-wire or five-wire distribution networks can accommodate more photovoltaic (PV) generators and electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, two platforms with different structures and costs are proposed to connect the dc sides of adjacent PV inverters and EV chargers in different phases to a common dc bus. Through these two platforms, the load can be transferred from the highly loaded phase to the less loaded phase. Two mixed integer quadratic programming models of coscheduling PV inverters and EV chargers are formulated to minimize network losses with load balancing. The proposed method is compared with the uncoordinated charging scenarios and the classic method with the aim of minimizing the three-phase load variance. The proposed optimization model is evaluated by an actual 213-bus simulation system. It is shown that the proposed method not only performs good convergence with less computational time but also reduces power losses and load variance. Moreover, the load balance and voltage profile are also improved.
Essential pitfalls in “essential” tremor (2017)

Although essential tremor has been considered the most common movement disorder, it has largely remained a diagnosis of exclusion: many tremor and nontremor features must be absent for the clinical diagnosis to stand. The clinical features of "essential tremor" overlap with or may be part of other tremor disorders and, not surprisingly, this prevalent familial disorder has remained without a gene identified, without a consistent natural history, and without an acceptable pathology or pathophysiologic underpinning. The collective evidence suggests that under the rubric of essential tremor there exists multiple unique diseases, some of which represent cerebellar dysfunction, but for which there is no intrinsic "essence" other than a common oscillatory behavior on posture and action. One approach may be to use the term essential tremor only as a transitional node in the deep phenotyping of tremor disorders based on historical, phenomenological, and neurophysiological features to facilitate its etiologic diagnosis or serve for future gene- and biomarker-discovery efforts. This approach deemphasizes essential tremor as a diagnostic entity and facilitates the understanding of the underlying disorders to develop biologically tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Potential systematic uncertainties in IGRT when FBCT reference images are used for pancreatic tumors (2015)

The purpose of this study was to quantify the systematic uncertainties resulting from using free breathing computed tomography (FBCT) as a reference image for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for patients with pancreatic tumors, and to quantify the associated dosimetric impact that resulted from using FBCT as reference for IGRT. Fifteen patients with implanted fiducial markers were selected for this study. For each patient, a FBCT and an average intensity projection computed tomography (AIP) created from four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) were acquired at the simulation. The treatment plan was created based on the FBCT. Seventy-five weekly kilovoltage (kV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (five for each patient) were selected for this study. Bony alignment without rotation correction was performed 1) between the FBCT and CBCT, 2) between the AIP and CBCT, and 3) between the AIP and FBCT. The contours of the fiducials from the FBCT and AIP were transferred to the corresponding CBCT and were compared. Among the 75 CBCTs, 20 that had &gt; 3 mm differences in centers of mass (COMs) in any directions between the FBCT and AIP were chosen for further dosimetric analysis. These COM discrepancies were converted into isocenter shifts in the corresponding planning FBCT, and dose was recalculated and compared to the initial FBCT plans. For the 75 CBCTs studied, the mean absolute differences in the COMs of the fiducial markers between the FBCT and CBCTs were 3.3 mm ± 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm ± 2.4 mm, and 5.8 mm ± 4.4 mm in the right-left (RL), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions, respectively. Between the AIP and CBCTs, the mean absolute differences were 3.2 mm ± 2.2mm, 3.3 mm ± 2.3 mm, and 6.3 mm ± 5.4 mm. The absolute mean discrepancies in these COMs shifts between FBCT/CBCT and AIP/CBCT were 1.1 mm ± 0.8 mm, 1.3 mm ± 0.9 mm, and 3.3 mm ± 2.6 mm in RL, AP, and SI, respectively. This represented a potential systematic error. For the 20 CBCTs that had COM discrepancies &gt; 3 mm in any direction, the average reduction in planning target volume (PTV) coverage (PTV volume receiving 100% of prescription dose) was 5.3% ± 3.1% (range: 0.7%-12.8%). Using FBCT as a reference for IGRT may introduce potential interfractional systematic COM shifts if the FBCT is acquired at a different breathing phase than the average breathing phase. The potential systematic error could be significant in the SI direction and varied among patients for the other directions. AIP is a better choice of reference image set for IGRT in order to correct interfractional variations due to respiratory motion and nonrespiratory organ displacement.
Nanoconfinement and mass transport in metal–organic frameworks (2021)

The ubiquity of metal-organic frameworks in recent scientific literature underscores their highly versatile nature. MOFs have been developed for use in a wide array of applications, including: sensors, catalysis, separations, drug delivery, and electrochemical processes. Often overlooked in the discussion of MOF-based materials is the mass transport of guest molecules within the pores and channels. Given the wide distribution of pore sizes, linker functionalization, and crystal sizes, molecular diffusion within MOFs can be highly dependent on the MOF-guest system. In this review, we discuss the major factors that govern the mass transport of molecules through MOFs at both the intracrystalline and intercrystalline scale; provide an overview of the experimental and computational methods used to measure guest diffusivity within MOFs; and highlight the relevance of mass transfer in the applications of MOFs in electrochemical systems, separations, and heterogeneous catalysis.
Black New York (2003)

What did blackness mean to them? But blacks, is that the right question? African Americans were forced to grapple first with the question: what did blackness mean to whites that it could unleash such brutality and produce such suffering? The second line of defense was to refute those claims and expose the corrupt motives that inspired whites to make them. Even in the mid-nineteenth century, debates among leaders centered on the origins of whites' prejudice and the (bitterly contested) question whether and how blacks' actions might be fostering it. Whites theorized about race while, the most part, blacks theorized about racism. Dain's own exposition of blacks' arguments, rooted in the gripping problems of how to act against slavery, how to overcome its psychological and material effects, how to penetrate whites' consciousness about it, makes this quite clear. The point here is that blacks and whites approached the question of difference and its meanings from radically different positions of power-but there is no of power in this book. Bruce Dain's laudable idea of giving equal time to blacks' and whites' arguments about race, making them dialogic and implicitly equal, obscures the fact that their differential positions of power made their respective theories of racial meaning substantially different in kind. While whites were busy accounting for blacks, blacks were struggling to account whites' prejudice and refute negative constructions of themselves. (One might argue that the first entirely original and symmetrical black race theory is W. D. Fard's early twentieth-century attempt to account white people as products of the evil Dr. Yakub.) Here, and white voices are in dialogue, but they need both socioeconomic context and a clear framework of differential power relations to bring them into meaningful engagement.
Formates in practice: Field use and reclamation (1996)

These findings demonstrate a shift in cartilage recognition in early and chronic arthritis in the rat, suggesting that CXI autoreactivity contributes to the perpetuation of chronic disease. The results provide evidence of the importance of joint antigens in arthritis development.
Silicon Carbide and MRI: Towards Developing a MRI Safe Neural Interface (2021)

An essential method to investigate neuromodulation effects of an invasive neural interface (INI) is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Presently, MRI imaging of patients with neural implants is highly restricted in high field MRI (e.g., 3 T and higher) due to patient safety concerns. This results in lower resolution MRI images and, consequently, degrades the efficacy of MRI imaging for diagnostic purposes in these patients. Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is a biocompatible wide-band-gap semiconductor with a high thermal conductivity and magnetic susceptibility compatible with brain tissue. It also has modifiable electrical conductivity through doping level control. These properties can improve the MRI compliance of 3C-SiC INIs, specifically in high field MRI scanning. In this work, the MRI compliance of epitaxial SiC films grown on various Si wafers, used to implement a monolithic neural implant (<i>all</i>-SiC), was studied. Via finite element method (FEM) and Fourier-based simulations, the specific absorption rate (SAR), induced heating, and image artifacts caused by the portion of the implant within a brain tissue phantom located in a 7 T small animal MRI machine were estimated and measured. The specific goal was to compare implant materials; thus, the effect of leads outside the tissue was not considered. The results of the simulations were validated via phantom experiments in the same 7 T MRI system. The simulation and experimental results revealed that free-standing 3C-SiC films had little to no image artifacts compared to silicon and platinum reference materials inside the MRI at 7 T. In addition, FEM simulations predicted an ~30% SAR reduction for 3C-SiC compared to Pt. These initial simulations and experiments indicate an <i>all</i>-SiC INI may effectively reduce MRI induced heating and image artifacts in high field MRI. In order to evaluate the MRI safety of a closed-loop, fully functional <i>all</i>-SiC INI as per ISO/TS 10974:2018 standard, additional research and development is being conducted and will be reported at a later date.
Design and Prototyping of a Nanosatellite Laser Communications Terminal for the Cubesat Laser Infrared CrosslinK (CLICK) B/C Mission (2020)

The CubeSat Laser Infrared CrossLink (CLICK) mission goal is to demonstrate a low cost, high data rate optical transceiver terminal with fine pointing and precision time transfer in aleq1.5U form factor. There are two phases to the technology demonstration for the CLICK mission: CLICK-A downlink, and then CLICK-B/C crosslink and downlink. The topic of this paper is the design and prototyping of the laser communications (lasercom) terminal for the CLICK-B/C phase. CLICK B/C consists of two identical 3U CubeSats from Blue Canyon Technologies that will be launched together in Low Earth Orbit to demonstrate crosslinks at ranges between 25 km and 580 km with a data rate of ≥20 Mbps and a ranging capability better than 0.5 m. Downlinks with data rates of ≥10 Mbps will also be demonstrated to the Portable Telescope for Lasercom (PorTeL) ground station. Link analysis using current parameters & experimental results predicts successful crosslink & downlink communications and ranging. Moreover, closed-loop 3σ fine pointing error is predicted to be less than 39.66 μrad of the 121.0 μrad 1/e² transmit laser divergence. The status of the payload EDU and recent developments of the optomechanical and thermal designs are discussed.
IDepartmentofMechanicalandEnvironmentalEngineering, UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,CA93106 2DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA94305 (2000)

This paperexamines various techniques that have been developed to measure flow fields in microfluidic devices with 10° - 10 2 micron-scale spatial resolution. These techniques include Scalar Image Velocimetry (SIV), Laser DopplerVelocimetry(LDV), and ParticleImageVelocimetry (PIV). Advantages anddisadvantagesofthesetechniquesarepresented. PIVresults are presented for a liquid flow through a nominally 30 ~m high x 300 ~mwidemicrochannel.Thesevelocitymeasurementshavespatialresolutions of5.0 ~mx 1.3 ~mx 2.8 ~m. Using50%overlap,the velocityvectorspacingis 680nminthespanwisedirectionofthemicrochannel. Abstract. This paperexamines various techniques that have been developed to measure flow fields in microfluidic devices with 10° - 10 2 micron-scale spatial resolution. These techniques include Scalar Image Velocimetry (SIV), Laser DopplerVelocimetry(LDV), and ParticleImageVelocimetry (PIV). Advantages anddisadvantagesofthesetechniquesarepresented. PIVresults are presented for a liquid flow through a nominally 30 ~m high x 300 ~mwidemicrochannel.Thesevelocitymeasurementshavespatialresolutions of5.0 ~mx 1.3 ~mx 2.8 ~m. Using50%overlap,the velocityvectorspacingis 680nminthespanwisedirectionofthemicrochannel.
Visualization of Fuel Behavior in a direct injection Gasoline Engine (1997)

We developed new technique to visualize the condition of fuel-air mixture in combustion chamber of the direct injection gasoline engine clearly in real time.In this technique, a micro CCD TV camera, optical fiber for illumination, a set of lenses and an observation window are put in spark plug and we can observe through spark plug hole.So it is not necessary to provide with a particular observation window in an engine as before and this technique is characterized by the possibility of rapid visualization at the same time.
Expression of ABCB6 is related to resistance to 5-FU, SN-38 and vincristine. (2014)

A previously established arsenite-resistant cell line, KAS, is also resistant to a variety of anticancer drugs. In order to understand responsible molecules for the multidrug resistance phenotype of KAS cells, we examined the expressions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and found that the ABCB6 and ABCC1/ multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1/MRP1) were increased. ABCC1/MRP1 was not completely responsible for the drug resistance spectrum of KAS cells and several reports have suggested that ABCB6 is related to anticancer drug and metal resistance. We, therefore, established and examined ABCB6-expressing KB cells and ABCB6-knockdown KAS cells. ABCB6 expression enhanced resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), SN-38 and vincristine (Vcr) but not to arsenite. Conversely, down-regulation of ABCB6 in KAS cells increased the sensitivity of KAS cells to 5-FU, SN-38 and Vcr, but not to arsenite. Our findings suggest that ABCB6 is involved in 5-FU, SN-38 and Vcr resistance.
Effect of grain size on electric resistivity and thermopower of (Ca2.6Bi0.4)Co4O9 thin films (2003)

( Ca 2.6 Bi 0.4 ) Co 4 O 9 thin films were deposited on MgO single crystal substrates by the spin coating method. Films with different grain sizes (50–500 nm) were obtained by preparing at different temperatures. Films were polycrystalline in nature and oriented preferentially in the (001) direction. Electrical resistivity and thermopower were measured to study the effect of the grain size on the thermoelectric properties. Hall carrier concentrations of the films are dependent on the grain size. The film with a smaller grain size has a lower carrier concentration, a larger resistivity, and a higher thermopower. The thermoelectric power factor is related to the grain size and shows a maximum for the film with grain size of about 100 nm.
Patients with Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer May be Good Candidates for Active Surveillance (2017)

No AccessJournal of UrologyOpposing Views1 Nov 2017Patients with Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer May be Good Candidates for Active SurveillancePro Martin G. Sanda Martin G. SandaMartin G. Sanda More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.08.089AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 198Issue 5November 2017Page: 997-999 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Martin G. Sanda More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Beam Switching Reflectarray Monolithically Integrated With RF MEMS Switches (2011)

A reflectarray antenna monolithically integrated with 90 RF MEMS switches has been designed and fabricated to achieve switching of the main beam. Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna (ACMPA) elements are used to form a 10 × 10 element reconfigurable reflectarray antenna operating at 26.5 GHz. The change in the progressive phase shift between the elements is obtained by adjusting the length of the open ended transmission lines in the elements with the RF MEMS switches. The reconfigurable reflectarray is monolithically fabricated with the RF MEMS switches in an area of 42.46 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using an in-house surface micromachining and wafer bonding process. The measurement results show that the main beam can be switched between broadside and 40° in the H-plane at 26.5 GHz.
Acetal Levulinyl Ester (ALE) Groups for 2′-Hydroxyl Protection of Ribonucleosides in the Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides on Glass and Microarrays (2009)

We describe a synthetic strategy that permits both the growth and deprotection of RNA chains that remain attached to a solid polymer support or chip surface. The key synthons for RNA synthesis are novel 5'-O-DMTr 2'-acetal levulinyl ester (2'-O-ALE) ribonucleoside 3'-phosphoramidite derivatives. In the presence of 4,5-dicyanoimidazole (DCI) as the activator, these monomers coupled to Q-CPG solid support with excellent coupling efficiency (approximately 98.7%). The method was extended to the light directed synthesis of poly rU and poly rA on a microarray through the use of a 5'-O-(2-(2-nitrophenyl)propoxycarbonyl)-2'-O-ALE-3'-phosphoramidite derivative. A two-stage deprotection strategy was employed to fully deblock the RNA directly on the Q-CPG or microarray support without releasing it from the support's surface: phosphate group deblocking with NEt(3) in acetonitrile (ACN) (2:3 v/v; 1 h, r.t.) followed by removal of the 2'-O-ALE groups under mild hydrazinolysis conditions (0.5-4 h, r.t.). This last treatment also removed the levulinyl (Lv) group on adenine (N(6)) and cytosine (N(4)) and the dimethylformamidine (dmf) group on guanine (N(2)). The chemistry and methods described here pave the way to the fabrication of microarrays of immobilized RNA probes for analyzing molecular interactions of biological interest.
Mechanisms and Consequences of Defective Efferocytosis in Atherosclerosis (2018)

Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, critically regulates normal homeostasis whereas defective uptake of apoptotic cells results in chronic and non-resolving inflammatory diseases, such as advanced atherosclerosis. Monocyte-derived macrophages recruited into developing atherosclerotic lesions initially display efficient efferocytosis and temper inflammatory responses, processes that restrict plaque progression. However, during the course of plaque development, macrophages undergo cellular reprogramming that reduces efferocytic capacity, which results in post-apoptotic necrosis of apoptotic cells and inflammation. Furthermore, defective efferocytosis in advanced atherosclerosis is a major driver of necrotic core formation, which can trigger plaque rupture and acute thrombotic cardiovascular events. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate efferocytosis, how efferocytosis promotes the resolution of inflammation, and how defective efferocytosis leads to the formation of clinically dangerous atherosclerotic plaques.
Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor have a role in tumor regressions mediated by murine CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (1991)

We have investigated the mechanisms whereby adoptively transferred murine CD8+ lymphocytes mediate tumor regressions. Noncytolytic, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) eradicated established lung tumors in irradiated mice. Many cytolytic and noncytolytic CD8+ TIL cultures specifically secreted interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor when stimulated with tumor cells in vitro. The effectiveness of TIL when adoptively transferred to mice bearing micrometastases correlated better with their ability to specifically secrete lymphokines than with their cytotoxicity in vitro. In 14 of 15 tests, therapeutically effective TIL specifically secreted IFN-gamma in vitro, whereas only 1 of 11 ineffective TIL specifically secreted IFN-gamma. In contrast, only 8 of 15 therapeutically effective TIL were cytolytic. Antibodies to TNF inhibited the effectiveness of two adoptively transferred TIL cultures. In five experiments, antibodies to IFN-gamma abrogated the ability of four different CD8+ TIL cultures to mediate tumor regressions, indicating that secretion of IFN-gamma is an essential part of the mechanism of action of TIL.
Sci-Thur AM: Planning - 04: Evaluation of the fluence complexity, solution quality, and run efficiency produced by five fluence parameterizations implemented in PARETO multiobjective radiotherapy treatment planning software (2012)

The LG method produces superior solution quality using a moderate degree of fluence modulation.
ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENTS AND $^{14}N$ NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE HYPERFINE STRUCTURE OF TWO CONFORMERS OF GLYCINE (1995)

1. R. D. Suenram and F. J. Lovas, J. Mol. Spectrosc 72, 372 (1978). 2. R. D. Brown, P. D. Godfrey, J. W. Storey, and M. P. Bassez, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Chem Comm. 547 (1978). 3. R. D. Suenram and F. J. Lovas, J. Am. Chem. Soc 99, 7180 (1980). 4. L. Schaefer, H. L. Sellers, F. J. Lovas, and R. D. Suenram. J. Am. Chem. Soc 102, 6566 (1980).
The genomic organization of immunoglobulin VHgenes inXenopus laevisshows evidence for interspersion of families (1991)

The complete genomic sequences of Xenopus laevis immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes comprising families IV-XI are reported. Using VH family-specific probes, linkage relationships for Xenopus VHI-VHXI have been determined. With the possible exceptions of VHIII and VHVII, Xenopus VH genes appear to be interspersed. When from two to five VH segments are identified in individual clones, the elements are found to be in the same relative transcriptional orientation. Although the relationships of promoter sequences, including the regulatory octamer, resemble those seen in other vertebrate VH genes, several Xenopus VH families are associated with additional 5' octamer sequences and octamer-like motifs. The similarities between the genomic organization of VH genes in Xenopus and higher vertebrates, indicate an early phylogenetic emergence of the mammalian-type of gene organization and regulation.
A New Synthetic Route to Avibactam: Lipase Catalytic Resolution and the Simultaneous Debenzylation/Sulfation (2017)

An efficient synthesis of avibactam starting from commercially available ethyl-5-hydroxypicolinate was completed in 10 steps and 23.9% overall yield. The synthesis features a novel lipase-catalyzed resolution, in the preparation of (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylate acid, which is a valuable precusor of the key intermediate ethyl (2S,5R)-5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-2-carboxylate. An optimized one-pot debenzylation/sulfation reaction, followed by cation exchange, gave the avibactam sodium salt on a 400.0 g scale.