gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Envelope Protein Glycosylation Status Influences Mouse Neuroinvasion Phenotype of Genetic Lineage 1 West Nile Virus Strains (2005)

The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America has been associated with relatively high rates of neurological disease and death in humans, birds, horses, and some other animals. Previous studies identified strains in both genetic lineage 1 and genetic lineage 2, including North American isolates of lineage 1, that were highly virulent in a mouse neuroinvasion model, while other strains were avirulent or significantly attenuated (D. W. C. Beasley, L. Li, M. T. Suderman, and A. D. T. Barrett, Virology 296:17-23, 2002). To begin to elucidate the basis for these differences, we compared a highly virulent New York 1999 (NY99) isolate with a related Old World lineage 1 strain, An4766 (ETH76a), which is attenuated for mouse neuroinvasion. Genomic sequencing of ETH76a revealed a relatively small number of nucleotide (5.1%) and amino acid (0.6%) differences compared with NY99. These differences were located throughout the genome and included five amino acid differences in the envelope protein gene. Substitution of premembrane and envelope genes of ETH76a into a NY99 infectious clone backbone yielded a virus with altered in vitro growth characteristics and a mouse virulence phenotype comparable to ETH76a. Further site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that the altered phenotype was primarily mediated via loss of envelope protein glycosylation and that this was associated with altered stability of the virion at mildly acidic pH. Therefore, the enhanced virulence of North American WNV strains compared with other Old World lineage 1 strains is at least partly mediated by envelope protein glycosylation.
Cobalt Ions Improve the Strength of Epoxy Resins (1986)

Technique developed for improving mechanical strength of epoxy resins by adding cobalt ions in form of tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt (III) complex. Solid cast disks prepared from cobalt ion-containing epoxy resins tested for flexural strength and stiffness. Incorporation of cobalt ions into epoxies increased flexural strength of resins by 10 to 95 percent. Suitable resins for this technique include any liquid or solid TGMDA resins. Improved epoxy formulation proves useful as composite matrix resin, adhesive, or casting resin for applications on commercial and advanced aircraft.
Wellbore Stabilizing Nanomaterial Assist to Drill Over-Pressured Formations (2022)

Abstract As the oil and gas industry looks for more prolific opportunities, the complexities of drilling have become more sophisticated and consequently there is more risk associated with borehole stability, differential sticking, and mud losses. Some wells, despite their very narrow operating window, require high mud weights to prevent borehole collapse. Therefore, wells are drilled with inherent risks of stuck-pipe, fluid losses, and possible set contingency casing string - all of which can be very expensive in terms of equipment, and lost time. Drilling through shale is inevitable. Shale tends to be characterized as high in-situ stresses, fissile, laminated, with low permeability. It has been observed that wellbore stability problems occur due to lack of appropriate inhibition from drilling fluids. The most important variable in maintaining shale stability is the prevention of pressure invasion into the shale matrix. Shale stability is achieved when fluid invasion is reduced, and differential pressure support is maintained using pressure reducing additives that provide borehole support. There are many additives currently being used for this application, but all have their limitations, and not all are properly used for appropriate applications. The latest development in Nanotechnology offers the opportunity to utilise the features of nano-sized particles (sub-micron) in drilling fluids where conventional products fail to deliver required wellbore stability at the target zones. The stabilizing nanoparticle is a dry solid with a particle size of approximately 100-200 nano-meters, deformable, stable, and with a dispersed zeta potential -10 to -20mV. The product can mechanically ‘seal’ micro-fractures and possibly large pore throats in shale thus assisting in forming a semi-permeable membrane. Additionally, the application of these particles could be extended to stabilize weak-bedding planes in geomechanically sensitive formations. This paper will discuss a product that is suitable for use in both water base and oil base muds that functions to improve wellbore stability at high over-balance pressures. Herein, detailed laboratory work will demonstrate the product behaviour in different mud systems while reducing pore pressure transmission. Additionally, the product has shown to have great stability in high salt and high pH environments while being inert with respect to rheological property changes.
Face to face collaborative AR on mobile phones (2005)

Mobile phones are an ideal platform for augmented reality. We describe how they also can be used to support face to face collaborative AR applications. We have created a custom port of the ARToolKit library to the Symbian mobile phone operating system and then developed a sample collaborative AR game based on this. We describe the game in detail and user feedback from people who have played it. We also provide general design guidelines that could be useful for others who are developing mobile phone collaborative AR applications.
Effects of anodic oxidation parameters on a modified titanium surface (2007)

Anodic oxidation is an electrochemical treatment that can be used to control the thickness of an oxide layer formed on a titanium surface. This procedure has the advantage of allowing the ions contained in an electrolyte to deposit onto the oxide layer. The characteristics of a layer treated with anodic oxidation can vary according to the type and concentration of the electrolytes as well as the processing variables used during anodic oxidation. In this study, the constant electrolyte for anodic oxidation was a mixed solution containing 0.02 M DL-alpha-glycerophosphate disodium salt and 0.2M calcium acetate. Anodic oxidation was carried out at different voltages, current densities, and duration of anodic oxidation. The results showed that the current density and variation in the duration of anodic oxidation did not have a large effect on the change in the characteristics of the layer. On the other hand, the size of the micropores was increased with increasing voltage of anodic oxidation, and anatase and rutile phases were found to co-exist in the porous titanium dioxide layer. In addition, the thickness of the oxide layer on titanium and the characteristic of corrosion resistance increased with increasing voltage. The MTT test showed that the cell viability was increased considerably as a result of anodic oxidation. The anodizing voltage is an important parameter that determines the characteristics of the anodic oxide layer of titanium.
Diode Laser Frequency Locking to an Etalon With a Double-Pass Acousto-Optic Frequency Shifter (2014)

We demonstrate an optical heterodyne spectroscopy on the reflection of an etalon using a double-pass acousto-optics frequency shifter. The experiment setup is a modified Michelson interferometer using the double-pass acousto-optics frequency shifter as the beam splitter and one etalon as the end mirror. Without using frequency modulation, the dispersion-like signal of the etalon reflection was successfully observed and optimized. Using the dispersion-like signal as an error signal, we locked a 780-nm external cavity diode laser to one resonant mode of the etalon. The estimated relative stability was ~2.6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> in 0.16-s integration time.
Maintenance of structural and functional characteristics of skeletal-muscle mitochondria and sarcoplasmic-reticular membranes after chronic ethanol treatment (1991)

The effect of long-term ethanol intake on the structural and functional characteristics of rat skeletal-muscle mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum was investigated. Functionally, skeletal-muscle mitochondria were characterized by a high respiratory control index and ADP/O ratio and a high State-3 respiration rate with different substrates. These parameters were not significantly different in preparations from control and ethanol-fed rats, except for a small increase in the rate of oxidation of alpha-oxoglutarate/malate in the latter. In submitochondrial particles from the two groups of animals there was no significant difference in cytochrome content, ATPase activity or the activity of respiratory-chain complexes. Mitochondrial membranes from untreated and ethanol-fed rats showed no difference in the baseline e.s.r. order parameter, and both preparations were equally sensitive to disordering by ethanol in vitro. Similarly, sarcoplasmic-reticulum preparations were not significantly affected by long-term ethanol feeding with respect to Ca2(+)-ATPase activity or in baseline order parameter and susceptibility to membrane disordering by ethanol in vitro. These membranes were also equally sensitive to degradation by exogenous phospholipase A2. Ethanol feeding did not alter the class composition of mitochondrial or sarcoplasmic-reticulum membrane phospholipids, nor the acyl composition of individual phospholipid classes. Specifically, the changes in acyl composition that characteristically occur in liver microsomal phosphatidylinositol and liver mitochondrial cardiolipin were not observed in the corresponding phospholipids from skeletal-muscle membranes. In experiments where membrane preparations from liver and skeletal muscle from the same ethanol-fed animals were compared, the liver membranes developed membrane tolerance, with the muscle membranes retaining normal sensitivity to disordering effects by ethanol. It is concluded that: (a) different tissues from the same animals differ in their susceptibility to ethanol; (b) the tissue-specific lack of development of membrane tolerance correlates with a lack of chemical changes in the phospholipids and with a retention of normal function of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum; (c) effects of chronic ethanol intake on muscle function are not due to a defect in the mitochondrial energy supply.
Data X-Ray (2015)

A lot of systems and applications are data-driven, and the correctness of their operation relies heavily on the correctness of their data. While existing data cleaning techniques can be quite effective at purging datasets of errors, they disregard the fact that a lot of errors are systematic, inherent to the process that produces the data, and thus will keep occurring unless the problem is corrected at its source. In contrast to traditional data cleaning, in this paper we focus on data diagnosis: explaining where and how the errors happen in a data generative process.
Programming by a sample (2007)

Source-code examples of APIs enable developers to quickly gain a gestalt understanding of a library's functionality, and they support organically creating applications by incrementally modifying a functional starting point. As an increasing number of web sites provide APIs, significantlatent value lies in connecting the complementary representations between site and service - in essence, enabling sites themselves to be the example corpus. We introduce d.mix, a tool for creating web mashups that leverages this site-to-service correspondence. With d.mix, users browse annotated web sites and select elements to sample. d.mix's sampling mechanism generates the underlying service calls that yield those elements. This code can be edited, executed, and shared in d.mix's wiki-based hosting environment. This sampling approach leverages pre-existing web sites as example sets and supports fluid composition and modification of examples. An initial study with eight participants found d.mix to enable rapid experimentation, and suggested avenues for improving its annotation mechanism.
Three-dimensional Computer Analysis And Modelling Of Remote Sensing-structural Geologic Problems (2005)

Fault and fracture plane orientations and locations are vital for energy resource exploration and assessment, site stability evaluations, mineral exploration, earthquake hazard assessment, groundwater modelling, and basic geologic mapping. A package of geologic spatial analysis (GSA) computer programs designed to determine crustal fracture geometries is being generated. Crustal structures are determined from analysis of digital data bases developed from topography, lineaments from satellite imagery and radar data bases, faults and joints observed in the field, earthquake foci, gravity, magnetics, and borehole data. The unique power of the GSA techniques being developed are their three-dimensionality; older techniques looked at orientations of structures or their surface traces, but rarely both. 34 refs., 3 figs.
Role of sph2 Gene Regulation in Hemolytic and Sphingomyelinase Activities Produced by Leptospira interrogans (2015)

Pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a neglected disease of public and veterinary health concern. Leptospirosis is a systemic disease that in its severest forms leads to renal insufficiency, hepatic dysfunction, and pulmonary failure. Many strains of Leptospira produce hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities, and a number of candidate leptospiral hemolysins have been identified based on sequence similarity to well-characterized bacterial hemolysins. Five of the putative hemolysins are sphingomyelinase paralogs. Although recombinant forms of the sphingomyelinase Sph2 and other hemolysins lyse erythrocytes, none have been demonstrated to contribute to the hemolytic activity secreted by leptospiral cells. In this study, we examined the regulation of sph2 and its relationship to hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities produced by several L. interrogans strains cultivated under the osmotic conditions found in the mammalian host. The sph2 gene was poorly expressed when the Fiocruz L1-130 (serovar Copenhageni), 56601 (sv. Lai), and L495 (sv. Manilae) strains were cultivated in the standard culture medium EMJH. Raising EMJH osmolarity to physiological levels with sodium chloride enhanced Sph2 production in all three strains. In addition, the Pomona subtype kennewicki strain LC82-25 produced substantially greater amounts of Sph2 during standard EMJH growth than the other strains, and sph2 expression increased further by addition of salt. When 10% rat serum was present in EMJH along with the sodium chloride supplement, Sph2 production increased further in all strains. Osmotic regulation and differences in basal Sph2 production in the Manilae L495 and Pomona strains correlated with the levels of secreted hemolysin and sphingomyelinase activities. Finally, a transposon insertion in sph2 dramatically reduced hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities during incubation of L. interrogans at physiologic osmolarity. Complementation of the mutation with the sph2 gene partially restored production of hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities. These results indicate that the sph2 gene product contributes to the hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities secreted by L. interrogans and most likely dominates those functions under the culture condition tested.
Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen für die Fabrik- und Prozessautomation (2015)

You have accessSpeicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen für die Fabrik- und ProzessautomationAug 2015Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen für die Fabrik- und ProzessautomationMatthias SeitzMatthias Seitzhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446444188.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2015Pages: 1-15Print ISBN: 978-3-446-44273-3eISBN: 978-3-446-44418-8 Copyright & Permissions© 2015 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Utilization of an Antibody Specific for Human Dystrophin to Follow Myoblast Transplantation in Nude Mice (1993)

Human myoblasts were transplanted in nude mice. The efficacy of these transplantations was analyzed using a monoclonal antibody (NCLDys3) specific for human dystrophin. This antibody did not reveal any dystrophin in nude mice that did not receive a human myoblast transplantation. However, about 30 days after a human myoblast transplantation, dystrophin-positive muscle fibers were observed. They were not abundant, and were present either in small clusters or isolated. This technique follows the fate of myoblast transplantation in animals that already have dystrophin, and distinguishes between new dystrophin-positive fibers due to the transplantation and the revertant fibers in mdx mice. Moreover, this technique does not require any labelling of the myoblasts before transplantation. It can also be used to detect dystrophin produced following the fusion of myoblasts transfected with the human dystrophin gene.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment using pairs of light quanta produced by type-II parametric down-conversion (1993)

We report a new two-photon polarization correlation experiment for realizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) state and for testing Bell-type inequalities. We use the pair of orthogonally polarized light quanta generated in type-II parametric down-conversion. In a 1 nm bandwidth, we observe from the output of a 0.5 mm \ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{BaB}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ crystal the EPRB correlations in coincidence counts, and measure an associated Bell inequality violation of 22 standard deviations.
Effective Monte Carlo Scheme for Multicomponent Gas Adsorption and Enantioselectivity in Nanoporous Materials (2010)

We devise an efficient Monte Carlo scheme to study the adsorption of a multicomponent gas in a nanoporous material. The configurational bias move is extended by a novel replica exchange procedure where the configurations of the different simulations describing one particular gas content are being swapped. For chiral mixtures, the efficiency can be further improved using the chiral inversion move. The method is demonstrated for an Ising-type model and a complicated realistic zeolite system.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a new penem, sodium (5R,6S)-2-(2-fluoroethylthio)-6-((1R)-1-hydroxyethyl)penem-3-carboxylate. (1986)

The synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new penem antibiotic, sodium (5R,6S)-2-(2-fluoroethylthio)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]penem-3-ca rbo xylate (1), are reported. The MIC values of 1 are compared with those of some related 2-haloalkylthio penems prepared in this work, and also Sch 29482 and thienamycin.
Method to measure line shapes and relative transition probabilities (2011)

An accurate method to measure line shapes and relative transition probabilities between transitions with a common lower state has been developed. Argon was used as a test gas to show that this method is more accurate than other current procedures. The experimental observations agree well with the theory developed in this thesis. It is shown that the ratio of the Lorentzian to Doppler half-widths of the line can be measured to a precision of 10% when the Doppler width is as much as one hundred times larger than the Lorentzian half-width. The relative transition probabilities can be measured to within 10% for weak lines and to 1 % for strongly absorbing lines. The line shapes measured are consistent with those predicted by Griem (2) and the relative transition probabilities agree well with the values given by Wiese (5). This absorption experiment uses a glow discharge for the source and absorber. The absorption tube is placed between Nicol prisms and a longitudinal magnetic field is applied to Zeeman split the absorption lines. The transmission as a function of field depends on both the transition probabilities and the line shape of the absorption lines. The high resolving power required to measure the line shapes is obtained from the Zeeman splitting of the absorption lines rather than a spectrometer. The method is an inexpensive, accurate way to measure line shapes and relative transition probabilities especially suited for strongly absorbing lines.
A Solver for Quantied Formula Problem Q-ALL SAT (2008)

Problem Q-ALL SAT demands solving a quantied Boolean formula that involves two propositional formulas in conjunctive normal form (CNF). When the rst formula has no clauses and thus is trivial, Q-ALL SAT becomes the standard quantied Boolean formula (QBF) at the second level of the polynomial hierarchy. In general, Q-ALL SAT can be converted to second-level QBF by well-known transformations. A number of application problems can be formulated as instances of Q-ALL SAT. Thus, solution of the problem is of practical importance. This paper describes a solution algorithm for Q-ALL SAT called QRSsat3. The method is a signicant improvement over an algorithm called QRSsat that was described in an earlier paper. Algorithm QRSsat3 relies on backtracking search just as QRSsat does. The improvement over the predecessor is due to an enhanced learning process and a heuristic for the satisability problem SAT of CNF formulas. Computational results are reported for three sets of instances including a robot problem and a game problem. To compare the performance of QRSsat3 with other solvers, we have converted the test instances into QBF format required by QBF solvers. For these test instances, QRSsat3 has uniformly low solution times and is substantially faster than QRSsat, which in turn was already much faster than state-of-the-art QBF solvers. The problems SAT and Q-ALL SAT are part of a previously dened hierarchy of quantied formulas that we call constrained quantied formulas (CQFs). The paper includes some complexity results for the hierarchy of specially structured CQFs and thus for specially structured Q-ALL SAT cases.
Sequential lateral solidification of thin silicon films on SiO2 (1996)

We report on a low-temperature excimer-laser-crystallization process that produces a previously unattainable directionally solidified microstructure in thin Si films. The process involves (1) inducing complete melting of selected regions of the film via irradiation through a patterned mask, and (2) precisely controlled between-pulse microtranslation of the sample with respect to the mask over a distance shorter than the single-pulse lateral solidification distance, so that lateral growth can be extended over a number of iterative steps. Grains up to 200 μm in length were demonstrated; in principle, grains of unlimited length can be produced. We discuss how the technique can be extended to produce large single-crystal regions on glass substrates.