gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulating Light-Weight-Cryptography Implementation for IoT Healthcare Data Security Applications (2020)

Short period monitoring and emergency notification of healthcare signals is becoming affordable with existence of internet of things (IoT) support. However, IoT does not prevent challenges that may hinder the appropriate safe spread of medical solutions. Confidentiality of data is vital, making a real fear requesting cryptography. The limitations in memory, computations processing, power consumptions, and small-size devices contradict the robust encryption process asking for help of low-weight-cryptography to handle practically. This article presents a comparative analysis of performance evaluation of three trusted candidate encryption algorithms, namely AES, SPECK and SIMON, which are simulated and compared in details to distinguish who has the best behaviour to be nominated for a medical application. These encryption algorithms are implemented and evaluated in regard to the execution time, power consumption, memory occupation and speed. The implementation is carried out using the Cooja simulator running on Contiki operating system showing interesting attractive results.
Phase stabilization of laser beams in a cold atom accelerometer (2014)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Design of electromagnetic shock absorbers for automotive suspensions (2011)

Abstract Electromechanical dampers seem to be a valid alternative to conventional shock absorbers for automotive suspensions. They are based on linear or rotative electric motors. If they are of the DC-brushless type, the shock absorber can be devised by shunting its electric terminals with a resistive load. The damping force can be modified by acting on the added resistance. To supply the required damping force without exceeding in size and weight, a mechanical or hydraulic system that amplifies the speed is required. This paper illustrates the modelling and design of such electromechanical shock absorbers. This paper is devoted to describe an integrated design procedure of the electrical and mechanical parameters with the objective of optimising the device performance. The application to a C class front suspension car has shown promising results in terms of size, weight and performance. Keywords: active suspensionmechatronicselectromagneticssemi-active suspension Acknowledgements This study was sponsored at the Mechatronics Laboratory of Politecnico di Torino by the FIAT Auto company under the capable direction of Ing. Stefano Re Fiorentin and Ing. Guglielmo Caviasso. Their contributions to this work are gratefully acknowledged.
Feasibility and Operational Performance of Tuberculosis Detection by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Platform in Decentralized Settings: Results from a Multicenter Study (2016)

Currently available nucleic acid amplification platforms for tuberculosis (TB) detection are not designed to be simple or inexpensive enough to implement in decentralized settings in countries with a high burden of disease. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification platform (LAMP) may change this. We conducted a study in adults with symptoms suggestive of TB in India, Uganda, and Peru to establish the feasibility of using TB-LAMP (Eiken Chemical Co.) in microscopy laboratories compared with using smear microscopy against a reference standard of solid and liquid cultures. Operational characteristics were evaluated as well. A total of 1,777 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. Overall, TB-LAMP sensitivities among culture-positive samples were 97.2% (243/250; 95% confidence interval [CI], 94.3% to 98.2%) and 62.0% (88/142; 95% CI, 53.5% to 70.0%) for smear-positive and smear-negative TB, respectively, but varied widely by country and operator. Specificities ranged from 94.5% (446/472; 95% CI, 92.0% to 96.4%) to 98.0% (350/357; 95% CI, 96.0% to 99.2%) by country. A root cause analysis identified high temperatures, high humidity, and/or low reaction volumes as possible causes for false-positive results, as they may result in nonspecific amplification. The study was repeated in India with training focused on vulnerable steps and an updated protocol; 580 participants were included for analysis. Specificity in the repeat trial was 96.6% (515/533; 95% CI, 94.7% to 97.9%). To achieve acceptable performance of LAMP at the microscopy center level, significant training and infrastructure requirements are necessary.
Stray light baffling and environmental qualification of silicon pore optics (2013)

Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) provide a high angular resolution with a low areal density as required for future X-ray telescopes for high energy astrophysics. We present progress in two areas of ESA’s SPO development activities: Stray light baffling and environmental qualification. Residual stray light originating from off-axis sources or the sky background can be blocked by placing suitable baffles in front of the mirror modules. We developed two different mechanical implementations. The first uses longer, tapered mirror plates which improve the stray light rejection without the need of mounting additional parts to the modules or the telescope. The second method is based on placing a sieve plate in front of the optics. We compare both methods in terms of baffling performance using ray-tracing simulations and present test results of prototype mirror modules. Any optics for space telescopes needs to be compliant with the harsh conditions of the launch and in-orbit operation. We present new work in improving the mechanical and thermal ruggedness of SPO mirror modules and show recent results of qualification level tests, including tests of modules with externally mounted sieve plate baffles.
The Rainfall Intensity - Duration Control of Shallow Landslides and Debris Flows (1980)

ABSTRACTPublished records of the rainfall intensities and durations associated with shallow landsliding and debris flow activity suggests a limiting threshold for this type of slope instability. The limit has the general form:I = 14.82 D-0.39and is best defined for rainfall durations between 10 minutes and 10 days.
Dermal-Based Peripheral Nerve Interface for Transduction of Sensory Feedback (2015)

INTRODUCTION: We developed a Dermal Sensory Interface (DSI) with the long-range goal of providing high fidelity perception of somatosensory feedback from prosthetic limbs. DSIs consist of small de-epithelialized skin grafts placed subcutaneously that are reinnervated by residual sensory peripheral nerves. Patterned electrical stimuli are applied to the DSI to excite native mechanoreceptors within the DSI sending action potentials along the residual sensory nerve to the somatosensory cortex for tactile perception. Our immediate purpose is to establish the predictability between graded electrical stimulation and evoked somatosensory feedback signaling in DSI and control skin conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a rat model, de-epithelialized skin grafts were secured around the proximal end of the transected sural nerve in a submuscular pocket; these DSIs were allowed two months for reinnervation (Fig 1). We compared electrophysiological signals recorded at the proximal sural nerve in response to electrical stimulation on DSIs (n=10), native full-thickness skin (n=10), and native de-epithelialized skin (n=10). Measurements included threshold stimulation current to evoke compound sensory nerve action potentials (CSNAPs), percent CSNAP elicitation at 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz stimulation frequencies, and sural nerve potential in response to graded stimulation current.Figure 1: Dermal Sensory Interface (DSI) in vivo two months after fabrication.RESULTS: Electrical stimulation of DSIs reliably elicited CSNAPs. Stimulation current thresholds to evoke CSNAPs for DSIs (465 ± 110 µA) were similar to those for full thickness skin (600 ± 281 µA, p = 0.17) and de-epithelialized skin (594 ± 186 µA, p = 0.8). Over 96% of pulses delivered at 100 µA above current threshold to DSIs elicited CSNAPs at frequencies less than or equal to 100Hz. CSNAP potential increased in response to increased stimulation current similarly for DSIs, full-thickness skin, and de-epithelialized skin (Fig. 2). Histomorphometric analysis of DSI tissue revealed healthy dermis with minimal inflammation and no evidence of neuroma.Figure 2: Mean +/- SEM peak-to-peak sural nerve CSNAP amplitude (µV) in response to incremental increase in stimulation current (µA) above threshold when pulsed stimuli were delivered at 20 Hz.CONCLUSION: Stimulation current thresholds to evoke CSNAPs were similar between DSIs and native skin. Elicitation of CSNAPs was reliable even at high stimulation frequencies. Varying the stimulation current applied to DSIs produced differential CSNAP potentials characteristic of native afferent signaling amplitudes. These findings suggest that patterned electrical stimulation can be successfully transduced across DSIs to produce graded sensory feedback.
Rubbing-Induced Molecular Reorientation on an Alignment Surface of an Aromatic Polyimide Containing Cyanobiphenyl Side Chains (2001)

Surface lamellar decoration (SLD), surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and optical second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments have been utilized to study the molecular orientation and conformation changes at a rubbed polyimide alignment-layer surface. This aromatic polyimide containing pendent cyanobiphenyl mesogens was synthesized via a polycondensation of 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxy-phenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) with bis[omega-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)phenoxy]hexyl] 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylate (nCBBP, n = 6), abbreviated as 6FDA--6CBBP. Uniform alignment layers, possessing high pretilt angles ranging from 39 degrees to 43 degrees, have been achieved after mechanical rubbing of the polyimide thin film surface at room temperature and subsequent annealing. This is the first time that high pretilt angles have been detected to possess a negative angle (-theta(c)) with respect to the rubbing direction (i.e., opposite to the rubbing direction), considerably different from the conventional pretilt angle (theta(c)) observed along the rubbing direction. This observation is confirmed using magnetic null and SHG methods. Combined polyethylene (PE) SLD and atomic force microscopy experiments reveal that the azimuthal orientation distribution of the long axis of the edge-on PE lamellar crystals is oriented normal to the rubbing direction, indicating that the PE chains are aligned parallel to the rubbing direction. This SLD technique probes the anisotropic surface orientation of the outermost molecules of the rubbed polyimide layer. The SERS results show that prior to rubbing the surface, both the pendent cyanobiphenyls in the side chains and backbones possess nearly planar chain conformations at the polyimide surface. Mechanical rubbing causes not only tilting of the backbone moieties, such as imide-phenylene structure, but also significant conformational rearrangements of the pendent side chains at the surfaces. The molecular mechanism of this unusual alignment is due to the fact that the pendent cyanobiphenyls forms a uniformly tilted conformation on the rubbed surface, and the polar cyano groups point down toward the layer surface deduced from SHG phase measurements. This conformational rearrangement of the side chains results in the formation of fold-like bent structures on the surface, which directly leads to the long axis of cyanobiphenyls having the -theta(c) pretilt angle with respect to the rubbing direction.
Structure inference for Bayesian multisensory perception and tracking (2007)

Abstract—We investigate a solution to the problem of multisensor scene understanding by formulating it in the framework of Bayesian model selection and structure inference. Humans robustly associate multimodal data as appropriate, but previous modeling work has focused largely on optimal fusion, leaving segregation unaccounted for and unexploited by machine perception systems. We illustrate a unifying Bayesian solution to multisensory perception and tracking, which accounts for both integration and segregation by explicit probabilistic reasoning about data association in a temporal context. Such an explicit inference of multimodal data association is also of intrinsic interest for higher level understanding of multisensory data. We illustrate this by using a probabilistic implementation of data association in a multiparty audiovisual scenario, where unsupervised learning and structure inference is used to automatically segment, associate, and track individual subjects in audiovisual sequences. Indeed, the structure-inference-based framework introduced in this work provides the theoretical foundation needed to satisfactorily explain many confounding results in human psychophysics experiments involving multimodal cue integration and association.
Can pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research contribute to the empowerment of women affected by breast cancer? (2008)

Breakthroughs in genetic testing have informed patients and physicians in the treatment of breast cancer; however, they have also added to the complexity of decision-making. Genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility not only changes treatment and screening options, but also challenges the way in which interventions are evaluated. While comparative effectiveness and cost-effective analysis methods are now standard for evaluation at the societal level, technologies such as genetic testing require us to consider the role of patient preference, especially as we move towards more personalized approaches to medicine. In this review, we discuss the changing role of pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research by highlighting how the discipline could use patient preference methods, such as conjoint analysis, to promote shared decision-making and to empower breast cancer patients. By adopting these methods we could move our focus from what is best for payers or society to one that applies scientific methods to identify what is best for patients.
HIGH PULSE POWER INJECTION LASER. (1967)

Peak power outputs as high as 70 watts have been obtained from one facet of single GaAs injection laser diodes operated by pulse excitation at room temperature. These power outputs have been attained at four times the threshold current. Studies concerned with elucidating the nature of the degradation process have shown that two distinctly different mechanisms exist. The first is of a catastrophic nature and results from the mechanical destruction of the laser cavity. The second process consists in a gradual degradation in power output which may occur under operation at flux levels below those required for catastrophic damage, but without any detectable mechnical facet damage. (Author)
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON RACEMISCHEM SIRENIN, EINEM PFLANZLICHEN SEXUALHORMON (1970)

Abstract Die Kondensation des Dimethyl‐nonadienylbromids (I) mit Malonester (II) liefert nach Hydrolyse und Decarboxylierung der Zwischenstufe (III) die Carbonsäure (IVa) als cis‐trans‐Gemisch.
System for remote parental control and management of rooted smart TVs (2018)

The word hacking very often evokes pejorative connotations. In IT to hack is to break security measures, that were introduced by the developer or the manufacturer. However to hack can also mean to make the application or device do more, that it was originally intended, to extend its capabilities. In this article we will show that by hacking (or rooting) a Samsung Smart TV it is possible to build a system that will allow remote management and monitoring of such device. Parental control is often very limited in functionality, usually just a PIN lock. By achieving arbitrary code execution we were able to extend the functionality drastically. This system is independent of manufacturer and can work and be extended even on older TV sets, that do not receive updates.
MR angiography of peripheral, carotid, and coronary arteries (1987)

MR angiography of peripheral, carotid, and coronary arteriesRJ Alfidi, TJ Masaryk, EM Haacke, GW Lenz, JS Ross, MT Modic, AD Nelson, JP LiPuma and AM CohenAudio Available | Share
Modeling the retention of rumen boluses for the electronic identification of goats (2011)

We constructed a regression model to estimate the retention of electronic boluses in goats. With this aim, 2,482 boluses were administered to goats from dairy (Murciano-Granadina, n=1,326; French Alpine, n=381) and meat (Blanca de Rasquera, n=532) breeds. A total of 19 bolus types made of materials (ceramic, plastic tubes filled with concrete or silicone, and ballasts) differing in their specific gravity (SG) were used, thereby obtaining a wide variation in bolus features: diameter (9 to 22 mm), length (37 to 84 mm), weight (5 to 111 g), volume (2.6 to 26 mL), and SG (1.0 to 5.5). Each bolus contained a half-duplex glass encapsulated transponder (32 × 3.8mm) and was administered using adapted balling guns. Murciano-Granadina and Blanca de Rasquera goats also wore 2 visual plastic ear tags: V1 (double flag, 5.1g) and V2 (flag-button, 4.2g). No data on ear tags in French Alpine goats was available. Bolus and ear tag retention [(retained/monitored) × 100] was recorded for at least 1 yr. Dynamic reading efficiency [(dynamic reading/static reading) × 100] was also evaluated from 1,496 bolus readings. No administration incidences or apparent negative behavior or performance effects were observed for any bolus type. Static reading efficiency of retained boluses was 100%, except for the prototypes with metal ballasts, which yielded a 93.3% reading efficiency. Retention of metal-ballasted boluses was confirmed using x-ray equipment. Excluding ballasted boluses, a 99.5% dynamic reading efficiency was obtained. Ear tag losses were 6.5% for V1 and 3.7% for V2, ranging from 3.2 to 7.8% depending on ear tag type and goat breed. Bolus retention varied (0 to 100%) according to their physical features. Obtained data allowed the fitting of a logistic model of bolus retention rate according to bolus volume and weight (R(2) = 0.98); the SG was implicitly considered. Estimated weight and SG to produce medium- (15 mL) and standard-sized (22 mL) boluses for 99.95% retention rate in goats were 73.0 and 94.1g, and 4.87 and 4.28, respectively. Mini-boluses are not recommended, as none of the available radio translucent materials reach the required SG. In conclusion, increase of SG was fundamental to optimize bolus retention. Medium-sized boluses (10 to 15 mL; SG 5.8 to 4.9) for early administration and efficient retention in adult goats could be produced, thereby addressing the problem of using proper boluses for goat identification.
Chalcogenide memory arrays: characterization and radiation effects (2003)

The chalcogenide material used for phase-change applications in rewritable optical storage (Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/) has been integrated with a 0.5-/spl mu/m radiation-hardened CMOS process to produce 64-Kbit memory arrays. On selected arrays, electrical testing demonstrated up to 100% memory cell yield, 100-ns programming and read speeds, and write currents as low as 1 mA/bit. Devices functioned normally from -55/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C. Write/read endurance has been demonstrated to 1/spl times/10/sup 8/ before first bit failure. Total ionizing dose (TID) testing to 2 Mrad(Si) showed no degradation of chalcogenide memory element, but it identified a write current generator circuit degradation specific to the test chip, which can be easily corrected in the next generation of array and product. Static single-event effects (SEE) testing showed no effect to an effective linear energy transfer (LET/sub EFF/) of 98 MeV/mg/cm/sup 2/. Dynamic SEE testing showed no latchup or single-event gate rupture (SEGR) to an LET/sub EFF/ of 123 MeV/mg/cm/sup 2/. Two sensitive circuits, neither containing chalcogenide elements, and both with small error cross sections, were identified. The sense amp appears sensitive to transients when reading the high-resistance state. The write driver circuit may be falsely activated during a read cycle, resulting in a reprogrammed bit. Radiation results show no degradation to the hardened CMOS or effects that can be attributed to the phase-change material.
Potential of biogas production to reduce firewood consumption in remote high-elevation Himalayan communities in Nepal (2017)

Remote communities in the Nepalese mountains above 2500 m a.s.l. belong to the most precarious in the world. Inhabitants struggle for the minimum in terms of safe drinking water, food and sanitation. Reliable, affordable and clean energy for cooking, room heating and warm water for personal hygiene is often lacking and dependency on firewood very high. The remoteness and unlikeliness of electric grid connection in the coming decades make a diversified energy supply from renewable local resources crucial. Small-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic substrates has been used for long in rural areas of developing countries to produce biogas as energy source and recover residue as organic fertilizer. AD is challenging at high elevations due to year around lower ambient temperatures and lower annual biomass production per area compared to lowlands. Nevertheless, examples of operational household AD exist even above 3000 m a.s.l. in the Andes. Here we compare firewood consumption with biogas potential from organic substrates in a community with 39 households at 3150 m a.s.l. in Jumla District, Nepal. In five households with varying numbers of members and animals kept, mean firewood use and its energy content per capita (cap) and day (d) were 2.1 kg or ca. 25 MJ in spring and 2.3 kg or ca. 28 MJ in winter. Easily available substrates include cow, sheep and horse dung from overnight shelters and human excrements from pit latrines, amounting on average to 1.7 kg wet weight (kgww) cap−1 d−1 in spring and 2.2 kgww cap−1 d−1 in winter. Adjusted to normal conditions (Nm3 at 0 °C, 1013.15 hPa), these substrates yielded on average 0.08 Nm3 cap−1 d−1 biogas in spring and 0.12 Nm3 cap−1 d−1 in winter (35–60% methane content) in biochemical methane potential (BMPs) tests at 36 °C. This could provide up to 60% of basic cooking needs on average and up to 75% in a “typical” household in terms of members and animals kept. Of the overall thermal energy needs including also room heating ca. 10–20% could be covered, substituting 0.1–0.4 (mean: 0.2) kg firewood cap−1 d−1. If only animal dung and human excrements are considered, no competition for resources arises as residues can still be used as organic fertilizer. This study supports the design and introduction of planned pilot digesters integrated into on-going community development including pit latrines for substrate availability, greenhouses as possible way of thermal insulation, and planned pico-hydropower plants to use excess electricity during the night for digester heating.