gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method to perform prognostics in electro-hydraulic machines: the case of an independent metering controlled hydraulic crane (2018)

Remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is a topic that has gained more and more attention in the field of fluid power systems, thanks to the tremendous potentials shown for improving safety and reduced production losses. However, many challenges related to RUL estimation are not solved yet, mainly connected to the definition of the health status of each component. A prognostic method based on a data-driven methodology for hydraulic systems is here proposed to estimate the percentage of life already spent by the monitored components. The potentials of the methodology are shown considering the case of a truck-mounted hydraulic crane, for which a simulation model was available. An artificial neural network is designed along with a fuzzy logic system to attain the estimation goal on supply pump and hydraulic control valve. The simulation results show how this method could be used as reference for developing prognostic methods applicable to hydraulic machines.
Third party interference and leak detection on buried pipelines for reliable transportation of fluids (2011)

Third Party Interference (TPI) and fluid leaks are the most frequent cause of failure in oil&amp;gas pipelines infrastructures, and constitute a major risk for safety and environment. In order to mitigate such risks and to minimize environment exposure, it is possible to deploy remote real-time monitoring technologies, which in turn need to be field tested and qualified in a real production scenario. Not only it is necessary to assess their performance, but also to evaluate their integrability within the company business processes, as well as, their easy-of-use, and the training efforts required. Two technologies were identified that allow remote real-time detection, classification and geo-localization of TPI and leak events. The first one is based on Fiber Optics (FO) standard communication cable, typically buried along the pipeline for communication purposes. In this technology the fiber optics cable is used as a distributed vibration sensor, able to detect remotely possible threats to the pipeline infrastructure. The second one is discrete Acoustic Sensing (AS), and comprises a set of dynamic pressure and vibroacoustic sensors installed on the pipeline, at relative distances of a few kilometers. Both technologies require a significant amount of development and field tests, in order to qualify detection and classification algorithms. We have started in Y2010 a long term field trial on an oil pipeline in service in the North of Italy to evaluate the benefits that such technologies might contribute to the asset integrity. In this paper, we report and discuss the preliminary results of an extensive set of tests performed by simulating intrusions, impacts and leak events.
Lessons from the Drug Discovery of Lapatinib, a Dual ErbB1/2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (2006)

Protein Kinases offer many opportunities for drug intervention points since phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification. Phosphorylation regulates activity, location, degradation, conformation and the aberrant activity is implicated in many diseases, including cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. The focus of this review will be on the generation of highly effective signaling inhibitors targeting members of the erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, EGFR and ErbB-2, also known as transmembrane Type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases of the HER family of receptors. Ligand binding to the receptor causes a conformational change which activates the tyrosine kinase domain leading to autophosphorylation. This autophosphorylation activates the RAS/mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways leading to a myriad of signaling and cellular activities. Type 1 receptors are over-expressed in a variety of cancers and generally correlate with poor prognosis. For this reason, scientists at GlaxoSmithKline and many others in the scientific community, target the ATP binding site of the intracellular portion of the protein to block the aberrant signaling event. This review intends to cover the lessons learned in the discovery of lapatinib (GW572016, GW2016) by pulling together the various different publications that have been generated in distinct disciplines on aspects of the drug discovery program. Data analyses and correlation of assay data to help with the design of drug like molecules will be included and will demonstrate a break from the traditional focus on absolute potency as a guiding factor in lead compound selection.
Differences in Detected Fluorescence Among Several Bacterial Species Measured with a Direct-Reading Particle Sizer and Fluorescence Detector (2000)

Naturally-contained fluorescing chemicals (such as riboflavin or NADPH) can be used to detect the presence of biological organisms. A new instrument from TSI Incorporated measures fluorescence of particles using an ultraviolet laser operating at an excitation wavelength of 355 nm. We have employed this instrument (Model 3312 Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (tm) Spectrometer) to assess the degree of fluoresence associated with a variety of biological aerosols. Nonfluorescent and fluorescent latex sphere and sodium chloride aerosols were first used to assure proper operation of the instrument and to obtain correct instrument settings. Biological aerosols were then generated by combining organisms with double distilled and filtered water in a Collison nebulizer operated at low pressure. After passage through a charge neutralizer and dilution with humidified air (45%RH), the aerosol was measured downstream for both particle size and fluorescence distributions. Bacterial aerosols generated include Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger (spores and vegetative cells), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Eschericia coli, and Mycobacterium abscessus (a surrogate for M. tuberculosis). Cladosporium spp. fungal spores were also evaluated, and the effect of heat treatment on fluorescence was tested using B. subtilis spores. For each test the percentage of organisms that produced a fluorescence signal above a threshold was recorded. The organisms demonstrated considerable differences in percent fluorescence, ranging from means of 11% for S. epidermidis to 44% for B. subtilis spores. Vegetative cells of B. subtilis were generally less fluorescent (mean of 33%) than the spores, while the highest level of fluorescence was associated with heat-treated spores (averaging about 75%). This instrument has some potential for use in settings where immediate detection of biological organisms is important. Work remains to be done on understanding the effect on fluorescence of organism viability, presence of nonbiological particles, and interferences from mixtures.
Optimizing heterologous expression in Dictyostelium: importance of 5' codon adaptation (2000)

Expression of heterologous proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum presents unique research opportunities, such as the functional analysis of complex human glycoproteins after random mutagenesis. In one study, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human follicle stimulating hormone were expressed in Dictyostelium. During the course of these experiments, we also investigated the role of codon usage and of the DNA sequence upstream of the ATG start codon. The Dictyostelium genome has a higher AT content than the human, resulting in a different codon preference. The hCG-beta gene contains three clusters with infrequently used codons that were changed to codons that are preferred by Dictyostelium. The results reported here show that optimizing the first 5-17 codons of the hCG gene contributes to 4- to 5-fold increased expression levels, but that further optimization has no significant effect. These observations suggest that optimal codon usage contributes to ribosome stabilization, but does not play an important role during the elongation phase of translation. Furthermore, adapting the 5'-sequence of the hCG gene to the Dictyostelium 'Kozak'-like sequence increased expression levels approximately 1.5-fold. Thus, using both codon optimization and 'Kozak' adaptation, a 6- to 8-fold increase in expression levels could be obtained for hCG.
Portable nano X-ray diagnostic systems for advanced innovative materials (2012)

We present the realization of an innovative device capable of generating X-rays based on a novel concept of cold cathode: carbon nanotube-based electron sources. Taking advantage of the expertise in fabricating CNT-based emitting systems with tailored features, a series of customized cathodes have been produced and tested in our labs. The compact and robust X-ray source designed and tested by the Nanoray Consortium, in the frame of a FP7-SME project, is characterized by fast response time, reduced size-weight, long working life and better definition of the generated images. The increasing use of nanomaterials and nanostructures is demanding new tools with higher spatial resolving power for the investigation of objects and their properties in a fast and non-destructive manner. The proposed NANORAY technology can easily find applications in fluorescence spectrometry, aerospace, micro/nano mechanics, medical and archaeometric diagnostics, quality control in electronics and in the security field.
Striatal dopamine storage and cerebral glucose metabolism in early stages of corticobasal degeneration studied by PET (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Formation by the endothelium of prostacyclin, nitric oxide and endothelin. (1993)

Prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) are two labile vasorelaxant and anti-aggregatory substances which are released by receptor activation and in response to shear forces acting on endothelial cells, whereas the potent constrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is probably slowly released and exerts long-term control over the cardiovascular system. This review deals with the synthesis, release and pharmacological actions of prostacyclin, NO and ET-1, as well as the diseases which might result from their under- or over-production.
The Pretornadic Phase of the Goshen County, Wyoming, Supercell of 5 June 2009 Intercepted by VORTEX2. Part II: Intensification of Low-Level Rotation (2012)

Abstract The dynamical processes responsible for the intensification of low-level rotation prior to tornadogenesis are investigated in the Goshen County, Wyoming, supercell of 5 June 2009 intercepted by the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). The circulation of material circuits that converge upon the low-level mesocyclone is principally acquired along the southern periphery of the forward-flank precipitation region, which is a corridor characterized by a horizontal buoyancy gradient; thus, much of the circulation appears to have been baroclinically generated. The descending reflectivity core (DRC) documented in Part I of this paper has an important modulating influence on the circulation of the material circuits. A circuit that converges upon the low-level mesocyclone center prior to the DRC’s arrival at low levels (approximately the arrival of the 55-dBZ reflectivity isosurface in this case) loses some of its previously acquired circulation during the final few minutes of its approach. In contrast, a circuit that approaches the low-level mesocyclone center after the DRC arrives at low levels does not experience the same adversity. An analysis of the evolution of angular momentum within a circular control disk centered on the low-level mesocyclone reveals that the area-averaged angular momentum in the nearby surroundings of the low-level mesocyclone increases while the mesocyclone is occluding and warm-sector air is being displaced from the near surroundings. The occlusion process reduces the overall negative vertical flux of angular momentum into the control disk and enables the area-averaged angular momentum to continue increasing even though the positive radial influx of angular momentum is decreasing in time.
An architecture for advanced packet filtering (1995)

Packet filtering in routers has been underrated as anything but an adjunct to other network security measures. This paper presents an architecture, and an implementation of it, for packet filtering that addresses many of the perceived problems with packet filtering. Starting from a short discussion of what constitutes a network access policy, the paper makes a case for extremely flexible packet filtering as an integral part of an access policy. After briefly examining a couple of commonly used packet filtering implementations, the paper goes on to describe a more flexible architecture for packet filtering, and gives some examples of how the implementations of this architecture can be used. After a discussion of how the architecture and the implementations better support auditing and assurance procedures for a network access policy, the paper finishes with a description of some of the more architecturally interesting planned future development.
Infrared-Actuated Recovery of Polyurethane Filled by Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids with High Energy Density (2013)

Optically actuated shape recovery materials receive much interest because of their great ability to control the creation of mechanical motion remotely and precisely. An infrared (IR) triggered actuator based on shape recovery was fabricated using polyurethane (TPU) incorporated by sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (SRGO)/sulfonated carbon nanotube (SCNT) hybrid nanofillers. Interconnected SRGO/SCNT hybrid nanofillers at a low weight loading of 1% dispersed in TPU showed good IR absorption and improved the crystallization of soft segments for a large shape deformation. The output force, energy density and recovery time of IR-triggered actuators were dependent on weight ratios of SRGO to SCNT (SRGO:SCNT). TPU nanocomposites filled by a hybrid nanofiller with SRGO:SCNT of 3:1 showed the maximum IR-actuated stress recovery of lifting a 107.6 g weight up 4.7 cm in 18 s. The stress recovery delivered a high energy density of 0.63 J/g and shape recovery force up to 1.2 MPa due to high thermal conductivity (1.473 W/mK) and Young's modulus of 23.4 MPa. Results indicate that a trade-off between the stiffness and efficient heat transfer controlled by synergistic effect between SRGO and SCNT is critical for high mechanical power output of IR-triggered actuators. IR-actuated shape recovery of SRGO/SCNT/TPU nanocomposites combining high energy density and output forces can be further developed for advanced optomechanical systems.
Bipedal locomotion in ratites (Paleognatiform): examples of cursorial birds (2000)

The gaits of five Ostriches Struthio camelus , seven Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae, two Greater Rheas Rhea americana, two Southern Cassowaries Casuarius casuarius and one Brown kiwi Apteryx australis were filmed at zoological parks. Locomotor parameters were measured using footprints on sandy tracks and video records. Osteological measurements were made on skeletons of the pelvic limbs. All of these terrestrial birds shift from wallking to running at a relative speed below 1. However, they show two different locomotor patterns: the Brown Kiwi increases its speed by increasing its stride length, mainly by increasing the protraction angle. Its hindlimbs make a flexed jointed chain system, its centre of mass is anterior, its femurs are long and the knees act in yield whereas the distal joints act in propulsion. Other ratites, particularly Ostriches, increase their speed by increasing frequency. Their centre of mass is close to the hip, their hindlimbs have an extended jointed chain system with a short erect femur, maximizing a gravity‐powered system.
ML-Based Fringe-Frequency Estimation for InSAR (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This letter focuses on estimating the local fringe frequency of the interferometric phase, under the hypothesis of superficial scattering. Starting from the formulation of the maximum-likelihood estimator, a new simplified estimator is derived. Due to computational efficiency and robustness versus model errors, the resulting estimator is suited for large data processing in the presence of model uncertainty. Furthermore, such an estimator can be straightforwardly extended to the multibaseline case, resulting in the possibility to estimate the terrain slope with great accuracy. An application to real data is presented, based on a multibaseline ENVISAT data set. </para>
Tavs reactions ofo-halobenzaldimines with ethyl diphenylphosphinite. Synthesis and crystal structure of a bis(phosphine oxide) (2005)

The reactions of a series of o-halobenzaldimines with ethyl diphenylphosphinite in ethanol, in the presence of nickel(II), proceed with a coordination template-assisted Tavs phosphonylation at the carbon to which the halogen was attached and addition of diphenylphosphine oxide to the imino bond, to form a bis(phosphine oxide), the structure of which has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Carrying out the reaction in acetonitrile, in the presence of copper(I) iodide, results only in a Tavs replacement of halogen by phosphorus, to give an o-diphenylphosphinylaryl imine. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:242–245, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20117
Efficient generation of coherent blue light by frequency-tripling single 1.32-μm beam in two separate KTP and Ce:KTP crystals (2003)

Summary form only given. By frequency mixing of 1.064 /spl mu/m and 0.809 /spl mu/m radiation in a KTiOPO/sub 4/ (KTP) crystal, it is possible to generate blue light, however, in the presence of two pump beams. By cascading second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) in two separate LiNbO/sub 3/ and KTP crystals, coherent blue light can be generated by using a single pump beam from Nd:YAG laser. However, this scheme has not been implemented solely in KTP crystals. KTP is one of a few important nonlinear optical materials because it is highly resistant to laser damage. In addition, it possesses large nonlinear optical coefficients with broad angular and temperature phase-match acceptance width-length products. However, it has noticeable absorption in the blue domain. 1. Here we report our results of reducing absorption of flux-grown KTP crystals in the blue domain by doping them with cerium atoms (replacing /spl sim/9% of titanium atoms). In the blue to green region the absorption coefficients of the Ce-doped KTP are significantly less than those of the undoped KTP. Therefore, we can achieve a relatively higher conversion efficiency in this domain by using a Ce:KTP crystal while minimizing the effect of laser heating. We have then used an undoped KTP crystal to generate a coherent beam at 0.66 /spl mu/m via SHG from a pump beam at 1.32 /spl mu/m. The 1.32-/spl mu/m pump beam is the output of a nanosecond optical parametric oscillator pumped by a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser, with the tunable output wavelength. By mixing the residual pump beam with the SH beam in a Ce-doped KTP crystal via type-II SFG, we have successfully generated coherent blue light at 0.44 /spl mu/m by using a single pump beam.
Unmasking two stages of interferon signaling in dendritic cells infected with HIV-1 (2016)

Abstract Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) have the innate capacity to sense pathogens and mount counteroffensive responses, which include the production of type I and type III interferons (IFN). In the case of HIV-1 infection, DCs can internalize and present viral antigens, but the majority of DCs are not productively infected due to restriction at the level of reverse transcription. Consequently, DCs do not efficiently ‘sense’ HIV-1, fail to produce IFN, do not mature, and cannot program appropriate adaptive immune responses. To improve our understanding of how IFN and cell maturation are regulated in monocyte-derived DCs, we have used systems analyses to study how DCs respond to HIV-1 after removing the block to reverse transcription with the lentiviral protein Vpx. We have profiled changes in open chromatin during infection using an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq), and have tracked the kinetics of gene expression in parallel. Using antiretroviral drugs and virus mutants to separate stages of the life cycle, we have determined that at least two signals cooperate to drive innate immune responses during HIV-1 infection: the first coming from the cytoplasmic sensor, cGAS, which is known to recognize reverse transcribed HIV cDNA, and the second from an unrelated pathway engaged after virus integration. Moreover, by interrogating infection in combination with a battery of classic innate agonists we have found that HIV-1 primes DCs to produce IFN, even in the presence of certain antiretroviral drugs. Our studies demonstrate that robust IFN production in response to HIV-1 infection depends on the coordinated action of distinct transcription factors and illuminate key pathways that regulate innate immunity in myeloid cells.
Spirobifluorene Bridged Ir(III) and Os(II) Polypyridyl Arrays: Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, and Energy Transfer Dynamics (2012)

The synthesis, characterization, photophysics, and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of spirobifluorene-bipyridine based iridium(III), osmium(II), and mixed Ir/Os complexes are presented. The preparation of the reference and mixed complexes proceeded step-by-step and microwave irradiation facilitated the complexation of osmium. The absorption of the target heterobimetallic derivative, Ir-L-Os, is described by linear combination of half of the absorption spectra of the homobimetallic analogues, Ir-L-Ir and Os-L-Os, due to the occurrence of mixed ligand and metal based transitions when the spirobifluorene-(bpy)(2) bridging ligand L is linked to the metal, confirming a negligible interaction between the substituted metallic chromophores. TD-DFT calculations on monometallic, homo- and hetero-bimetallic complexes fully disentangled the origin of the absorption features. Noticeably, in the mixed Ir-L-Os complex an almost quantitative energy transfer from the (3)Ir to the (3)Os MLCT state is occurring, with a rate constant of 4.1 × 10(8) s(-1) and nearly exclusively via a Dexter-type mechanism mediated by the orbitals of the spiroconjugated ligand. This result, together with the outcomes of the TD-DFT calculations, supports the existence of spiroconjugation and evidences the interesting role of this kind of bridge in the energy transfer dynamics of the arrays. In all the complexes, moreover, the ligand fluorescence is heavily quenched by energy transfer processes toward the metallic appended units; the rate constant is estimated in the order of 10(10) s(-1) for Ir-L-Os and higher than 10(12) s(-1) for the other complexes. In the heterometallic array, both at room temperature and at 77 K, all photons are thus funneled to the emissive Os (3)MLCT state, which acts as energy trap for the antenna cascade.
Material Aspects of Additively Manufactured Medical Devices (2022)

Abstract The article presents an in-depth discussion on the various additive manufacturing techniques such as binder jetting, directed-energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder-bed fusion, sheet lamination, and vat polymerization processes. This article then discusses the different critical material aspects of additively manufactured medical devices, beginning with the preprinting phase (material consistency and recycling), the printing phase (build orientation), and the postprinting phase (part evaluation, biocompatibility, and sterilization) with supporting materials.