gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Control of Growth in the Neonatal Rat: Effects of Neonatal Hypophysectomy on Somatic and Organ Growth, Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF)-I and -II Levels, and Expression of IGF Binding Proteins* (1990)

The neonatal period is a time of transition between pituitary-independent fetal growth and the pituitary-dependent growth seen in older mammals. To evaluate pituitary-dependent neonatal growth, Wistar rats were hypophysectomized (Hx) on postnatal day 6. Nineteen days post-Hx, body weight and tail length were inhibited 48% and 34%, respectively, compared with sham-Hx controls. Organ weights determined on days 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 revealed three patterns of pituitary-dependence: 1) pituitary-independent growth in the brain and lung; 2) moderate pituitary-dependent growth in the heart, liver, kidney, and intestine; and 3) marked pituitary-dependent growth in the adrenals, spleen, and testes. Both serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II levels fell significantly in Hx pups by 54 h after Hx (P = 0.0005), and Northern analysis on day 15 showed a significant decrease in liver messenger RNA (mRNA) for IGF-II. Analysis of the major IGF binding proteins (BPs) was performed by Western ligand blots. Hx performed on day 6 resulted in a linear decrease in the amount of the 22k BP from day 10 to day 30. In contrast, the major neonatal BP (IGFBP-2, a 29.5k molecule) showed a biphasic response to neonatal Hx. On postnatal day 10, 4 days after Hx, a significant decrease in IGFBP-2 occurred, which persisted through day 15; by postnatal day 20 and continuing through postnatal day 30, the amount of IGFBP-2 in the serum dramatically increased. The 40 to 50k fraction of IGFBP-3 first appeared in significant quantities by postnatal day 20, and after Hx dropped to 10% of sham-control values. Similarly, Northern analysis on day 15 demonstrated a significant decrease in liver, but not brain, mRNA for IGFBP-2 after Hx, whereas on postnatal day 25, liver mRNA for IGFBP-2 was increased in Hx pups compared with sham controls. We conclude that the pituitary gland exerts significant but selective effects on neonatal growth, with the notable exception of brain growth. Serum levels of both IGF-I and IGF-II, as well as their BPs, are pituitary dependent in the neonatal period. Pituitary-dependent neonatal growth thus appears to be mediated by IGF and modulated by IGF-binding proteins. On the other hand, that portion of the persistent growth in the neonatal Hx rat that is independent of the pituitary-IGF axis may be a good model for investigation of fetal growth.
High-speed all-optical Haar wavelet transform for real-time image compression (2017)

We present a high-speed single pixel flow imager based on an all-optical Haar wavelet transform of moving objects. Spectrally-encoded wavelet measurement patterns are produced by chirp processing of broad-bandwidth mode-locked laser pulses. A complete wavelet pattern set serially illuminates the object via a spectral disperser. This high-rate structured illumination transforms the scene into a set of sparse coefficients. We show that complex scenes can be compressed to less than 30% of their Nyquist rate by thresholding and storing the most significant wavelet coefficients. Moreover by employing temporal multiplexing of the patterns we are able to achieve pixel rates in excess of 360 MPixels/s.
Amniotic fluid and fetal maturity. (1976)

The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid is a method of predicting fetal lung maturity. The L/H ratios in certain high risk pregnancies are poorly correlated with the shake test. The L/S ratios in drug addiction methadone pregnancies and diabetic pregnancies do not have a high degree of correlation with normal L/S ratios after 36 weeks of gestation and are often low.
Nitric oxide production incritically ill patients (2017)

Objective-To measureserumnitrite and nitrate levels incritically illchildren as indicators of endogenousnitricoxide (NO)production. Hypothesis-Endogenous NO production isincreased inchildren withconditions characterised byimmunestimulation. Design-Prospective descriptive studyin a multidisciplinary paediatric intensive careunit. Patients-137 consecutive critically ill children withavariety ofclinical conditions. Interventions-Using a rapidmicrotitre
Biosurfactants: Promising Molecules for Petroleum Biotechnology Advances (2016)

The growing global demand for sustainable technologies that improves the efficiency of petrochemical processes in the oil industry has driven advances in petroleum biotechnology in recent years. Petroleum industry uses substantial amounts of petrochemical-based synthetic surfactants in its activities as mobilizing agents to increase the availability or recovery of hydrocarbons as well as many other applications related to extraction, treatment, cleaning, and transportation. However, biosurfactants have several potential applications for use across the oil processing chain and in the formulations of petrochemical products such as emulsifying/demulsifying agents, anticorrosive, biocides for sulfate-reducing bacteria, fuel formulation, extraction of bitumen from tar sands, and many other innovative applications. Due to their versatility and proven efficiency, biosurfactants are often presented as valuable versatile tools that can transform and modernize petroleum biotechnology in an attempt to provide a true picture of state of the art and directions or use in the oil industry. We believe that biosurfactants are going to have a significant role in many future applications in the oil industries and in this review therefore, we highlight recent important relevant applications, patents disclosures and potential future applications for biosurfactants in petroleum and related industries.
Role of prostaglandin D2 in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal vagal afferents (2013)

Sensitization of esophageal afferents plays an important role in esophageal nociception, but the mechanism is less clear. Our previous studies demonstrated that mast cell (MC) activation releases the preformed mediators histamine and tryptase, which play important roles in sensitization of esophageal vagal nociceptive C fibers. PGD2 is a lipid mediator released by activated MCs. Whether PGD2 plays a role in this sensitization process has yet to be determined. Expression of the PGD2 DP1 and DP2 receptors in nodose ganglion neurons was determined by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Extracellular recordings were performed in ex vivo esophageal-vagal preparations. Action potentials evoked by esophageal distension were compared before and after perfusion of PGD2, DP1 and DP2 receptor agonists, and MC activation, with or without pretreatment with antagonists. The effect of PGD2 on 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled esophageal nodose neurons was determined by patch-clamp recording. Our results demonstrate that DP1 and DP2 receptor mRNA and protein were expressed mainly in small- and medium-diameter neurons in nodose ganglia. PGD2 significantly increased esophageal distension-evoked action potential discharges in esophageal nodose C fibers. The DP1 receptor agonist BW 245C mimicked this effect. PGD2 directly sensitized DiI-labeled esophageal nodose neurons by decreasing the action potential threshold. Pretreatment with the DP1 receptor antagonist BW A868C significantly inhibited PGD2 perfusion- or MC activation-induced increases in esophageal distension-evoked action potential discharges in esophageal nodose C fibers. In conclusion, PGD2 plays an important role in MC activation-induced sensitization of esophageal nodose C fibers. This adds a novel mechanism of visceral afferent sensitization.
Some results of ultrasonic detection of uniform corrosion in thin Al2024-T3 sheets (2007)

The ultrasonic detection of uniform corrosion in a thin sheet of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 was investigated at an early stage of corrosion damage. The artificial corrosion, similar to the corrosion in lap joints during operational service, was achieved using a corrosive solution as described in the literature. The corrosion damage intended was relatively weak when it has not yet caused significant changes of thickness and fatigue strength. On the other hand, it has caused significant changes of the intensity of transmitted ultrasonic waves. Maybe this effect can be related to the influence of corrosion damage on the attenuation of waves at the surface layer. The main results of the research shows that even small corrosion damage can be reliably detected by the integrated system (structural health monitoring) at an early stage of its development.
Multifunctional Microporous MOFs Exhibiting Gas/Hydrocarbon Adsorption Selectivity, Separation Capability and Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Ordering (2008)

Abstract Microporous materials [M 3 (HCOO) 6 ] · DMF (M = Mn, Co, Ni) were synthesized solvothermally and structurally characterized by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction methods. The metal network exhibits diamondoid connectivity and the overall framework gives rise to zigzag channels along the b axis where guest dimethylformamide molecules reside. The effective pore size of these channels is ∼5–6 Å. The materials feature high thermal stability and permanent porosity with relatively small pore diameters which are attributed to the extensive strong dative bonding between the metal centers and formate molecules. The title compounds exhibit interesting multi‐fold gas adsorption and magnetic properties. The adsorption study of a series of alcohols, aromatics, and linear hydrocarbons revealed strong control of the adsorbent channel structures on their adsorption capacity and selectivity. The study also indicated possibility of using these materials for separation of close boiling chemicals (e.g., ethylbenzene and p‐xylene) via pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process and molecules with different diffusion parameters via kinetic‐based process. Three‐dimensional spontaneous magnetic ordering was found in all three network structures investigated and at ground states they behave somewhat like soft magnets.
Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting (2015)

Abstract We describe “domain fronting,” a versatile censorship circumvention technique that hides the remote endpoint of a communication. Domain fronting works at the application layer, using HTTPS, to communicate with a forbidden host while appearing to communicate with some other host, permitted by the censor. The key idea is the use of different domain names at different layers of communication. One domain appears on the “outside” of an HTTPS request—in the DNS request and TLS Server Name Indication—while another domain appears on the “inside”—in the HTTP Host header, invisible to the censor under HTTPS encryption. A censor, unable to distinguish fronted and nonfronted traffic to a domain, must choose between allowing circumvention traffic and blocking the domain entirely, which results in expensive collateral damage. Domain fronting is easy to deploy and use and does not require special cooperation by network intermediaries. We identify a number of hard-to-block web services, such as content delivery networks, that support domain-fronted connections and are useful for censorship circumvention. Domain fronting, in various forms, is now a circumvention workhorse. We describe several months of deployment experience in the Tor, Lantern, and Psiphon circumvention systems, whose domain-fronting transports now connect thousands of users daily and transfer many terabytes per month.
Release of Immunoreactive Serotonin into the Lumen of the Feline Gut in Response to Vagal Nerve Stimulation (1981)

Immunoreactive serotonin was detected in the lumen of the proximal jejunum of food-deprived cats. During perfusion of this intestinal segment in vivo, there was a constant basal rate of intraluminal secretion of this amine. The rate of secretion was significantly increased during efferent electrical stimulation of the cut cervical vagal nerves. This stimulatory effect was not altered after bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in the same animals. A synchronous release of substance P into the gut lumen was also demonstrated during vagal stimulation. During the period of increased intraluminal secretion of immunoreactive serotonin, there was no demonstrable change in the portal or systemic blood levels of this amine.
Transcriptomic profiling of platelet senescence and platelet extracellular vesicles (2016)

During in vitro senescence, PLTs degrade large RNA species. Concomitantly, they up-regulate a distinct set of known small RNA species involved in atherosclerosis, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. PL-EVs enrich miRNA species, likely supporting the role of PLTs and PL-EVs in vascular homeostasis and as carriers of neurodegenerative disease-related miRNA cargo.
From Darkness to Light With Biomarkers in Early Clinical Trials of Cancer Drugs (2009)

Compared with conventional chemotherapy, rationally designed molecularly targeted agents may be more likely to have antitumor activity in selected tumor subgroups driven by the oncogenic signals targeted by these compounds and a different side-effect profile. The use of biomarkers in the early clinical trials of these new anticancer agents has the potential to increase study participants' benefit from early clinical trials, accelerate the drug development process, maximize the ability to generate important biological information about human cancer, and decrease the risk of late and costly drug attrition.
Levels of non‐transferrin‐bound iron as an index of iron overload in patients with thalassaemia intermedia (2009)

Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) was evaluated as an index of iron overload in a cross-sectional randomised study in 74 non-transfused patients with thalassaemia intermedia (TI). Mean NTBI (2.92 +/- 3.43 micromol/l), serum ferritin (1023 +/- 780 ng/ml) and liver iron concentration (LIC; 9.0 +/- 7.4 mg Fe/g dry weight) were increased above reference-range levels. Significant positive correlations occurred between mean NTBI and LIC (Pearson correlation 0.36; P = 0.002) and serum ferritin (Pearson correlation 0.421; P < 0.0001); with higher levels observed in splenectomised patients. NTBI assessment has potential as a simple reliable approach to determining iron status in TI.
Rhodium(iii) complexes with isoquinoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents: in vitro and in vivo activity studies (2019)

Two rhodium complexes Rh1 and Rh2 with isoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Both complexes displayed strong anticancer activity against various cancer cells and low cytotoxicity against non-cancer cells. These complexes triggered apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction that increased the levels of ROS and Ca<sup>2+</sup> and released cytochrome C which ultimately activated caspases and the apoptosis pathway. The different biological activities of Rh1 and Rh2 could be associated with the presence of methoxy substituents on the ligands. In vivo studies showed that Rh1 effectively inhibited tumor growth in a T-24 xenograft mouse model with a less adverse effect than cisplatin. Overall, Rh1 and Rh2 induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways and could be developed as effective anticancer agents.
An Equivalence between Magnitude Estimation and Absolute Identification for Sound Intensity (1968)

Recent work suggests that errors in absolute identification and dispersions of magnitude estimates in ratio scaling arise from common limitations. It is proposed that if the same set of stimuli is used in both types of experiments, it should be possible to use the dispersion of the magnitude estimates to specify the confusion matrix in absolute identification (up to transformations related to response bias). Moreover, the specification should depend only on the ordinal properties of the estimates. This paper describes a series of experiments designed to explore the conjectured equivalence. The experiments use tone-pulse stimuli that are identical except for intensity. The responses are processed using a Thurstonian response model. The results tend to confirm the conjectured equivalence. [Work supported principally by a grant from the National Institutes of Health and in part by the Joint Services Electronics Program.]
Release of bases from deoxyribonucleic acid by ascorbic acid in the presence of Cu2+. (1986)

When deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was treated with ascorbic acid (AsA) in the presence of Cu2+ under aerobic conditions, significant releases of cytosine, thymine, guanine and adenine from the DNA molecule occurred. Addition of catalase or chemical scavengers of hydroxyl radical to the reaction mixture prevented the release of the bases. Monoesterified phosphate groups were found in the reaction mixture, indicating that the cleavage of DNA had occurred. The total amount of the bases released was almost equivalent to the amount of monoesterified phosphate groups formed by the reaction of DNA with AsA and Cu2+. These results indicate that the release of the bases from DNA molecule was easily caused by activated oxygen, possibly by hydroxyl radicals and/or hydrogen peroxide, formed by the autooxidation of AsA in the presence of Cu2+.
Shear Stress Within Trabecular Bone Marrow due to Low Magnitude High Frequency Vibration (2011)

Low magnitude high frequency (LMHF) loading is anabolic to bone. LMHF loading for one year resulted in a 32% increase in the trabecular bone volume, decreased trabecular spacing and increased trabecular number in a sheep model (1). In contrast, no change was seen in cortical bone, suggesting the anabolic effect is limited to the trabecular compartment. Rats subjected to 90 Hz vibration developed greater trabecular bone volume and thicker trabeculae than rats subjected to vibration at 45 Hz (2). However, the strain induced in the bone during the 90 Hz vibration was significantly lower than during the 45 Hz vibration, indicating that the effect does not depend on matrix strain. As such, shear stress in the marrow may be the anabolic signal in this loading regimen.
The weak CD8+ CTL response to an influenza hemagglutinin epitope reflects limited T cell availability (1996)

One of the two class I MHC (H-2Kd)-restricted immunogenic regions identified on the influenza virus strain A/Japan/57 (H2N2) hemagglutinin (HA) encompasses two distinct, partially overlapping epitopes. These epitopes map to residues 204 to 212 (JHA 204-212) and 210 to 219 (JHA 210-219), respectively. When we investigated the magnitude of the CTL responses of H-2d BALB/c mice to these two epitopes, we found that the JHA 204-212 nonamer epitope is immunodominant, eliciting vigorous CTL responses in BALB/c mice immunized with A/Japan/57 virus. In contrast, the CTL response to the JHA 210-219 decamer epitope was weak and variable. The subdominance of the JHA 210-219 was not due to low affinity binding of JHA 210-219 to H-2Kd or to inefficient processing of this epitope in vivo. Rather, an analysis of CTL precursor (pCTL) frequency by limiting dilution showed that the frequency of pCTL to the JHA 210-219 epitope was at least 10-fold lower than the frequency of pCTL to the JHA 204-212 epitope, implying that the low and variable response to the JHA 210-219 epitope was due to a limited number of CD8+ T cell precursors directed to JHA 210-219. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding of limited heterogeneity in reactivity pattern displayed by short term bulk cultures of the JHA 210-219-specific CTLs for cross-reactive epitopes. Implications of these findings for vaccine design and for T lymphocyte function and repertoire development are discussed.
Development of Micropropagation Technologies for St. John's wort (Hypericum perforaturm L.): Relevance on Application (2002)

Introduction Phytopharmaceuticals are medicinal plant preparations with a long history of anecdotal evidence of efficacy, extensive biochemical characterizations, proven effectiveness in placebo-controlled clinical trials and in some cases, standardization and sale with a Drug Identification Number (DIN). Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) is a medicinal plant with a long history of use for the treatment of neurological disorders and depression (1, 2, 3, 4). In 1998, 7.5 million Americans used St. John's wort for the treatment of neurological disorders and depression (5) based on a demonstrated efficacy in numerous clinical trials (3). In 1997, the National Institute of Health (NIH), Office of Alternative Medicines, began a 3-year-study costing $4.3 million to compare the effects of H. perforatum, a placebo and a standard anti-depressive drug in patients suffering from mild depression (6). Regardless of the outcome of the NIH study, it will be necessary to solve several ongoing problems with preparations
Display Week 2014 Review: Touch Technology (2014)

Display Week is the single best place in the Western hemisphere to see and learn about touch technologies.
Investigation of Transverse Wakefield and Beam Break Up Effect in Irradiation Linacs (2018)

Study of beam break up effect in linacs has been done in recent years. The beam-induced high order dipolar modes, especially the TM11-like mode were investigated for the linacs both in travelling wave and backward trav-elling wave. Measurements of beam-break up in a travel-ling wave linac were carried out and results are discussed. Moreover, a theoretical model was developed for the irradiation linacs to study the detailed interaction be-tween the transverse wakefield and the electron beam.
Application of DME Fuel to Marine Boilers (2008)

DME: dimethyl ether is a kind of clean fuel made from natural gas. It is planned that DME will be produced overseas and transported using large-scale tankers. Our plan will contribute not only to the environment, but also to the utilization of medium and small-sized, undeveloped gas fields. Moreover, some DME projects in China, from coal, have now been started.In this study, the combustion characteristics of DME gas, that burned in a full-scale marine boiler, were examined. As a result, DME could be burned with a clear blue flame and emitting much less NOx than regular bunker fuel combustion. Also, almost no CO. However, the heat flux measured in the furnace showed different distributions to that of bunker fuel combustion. It is important to make this clear, for the real application of DME in marine boilers.
Auto‐inhibition of rat parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapses by activity‐dependent adenosine release (2007)

Adenosine is an important signalling molecule involved in a large number of physiological functions. In the brain these processes are as diverse as sleep, memory, locomotion and neuroprotection during episodes of ischaemia and hypoxia. Although the actions of adenosine, through cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors, are well characterized, in many cases the sources of adenosine and mechanisms of release have not been defined. Here we demonstrate the activity-dependent release of adenosine in the cerebellum using a combination of electrophysiology and biosensors. Short trains of electrical stimuli delivered to the molecular layer in vitro, release adenosine via a process that is both TTX and Ca(2+) sensitive. As ATP release cannot be detected, adenosine must either be released directly or rapidly produced by highly localized and efficient extracellular ATP breakdown. Since adenosine release can be modulated by receptors that act on parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses, we suggest that the parallel fibres release adenosine. This activity-dependent adenosine release exerts feedback inhibition of parallel fibre-Purkinje cell transmission. Spike-mediated adenosine release from parallel fibres will thus powerfully regulate cerebellar circuit output.