gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Approach to Image Fracture Dimensions by Injecting Ferrofluids (2012)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a common method used to increase productivity of oil and gas reservoirs. Microseismic technologies have been used to image the dimensions of fractures. Background noise is a serious drawback of this method. This paper proposes a more direct method of measuring fracture dimensions. It shall discuss the magnetic theory, ferrofluids and their magnetic properties, setup of this method and interpretation techniques. Fracturing fluids shall have nano-sized metal particles. These particles will make the fracture a very large conductor and magnetic material in the earth. A variable magnetic field shall be generated by using coils wrapped around the casing string. This variable magnetic field shall generate eddy currents in the fracture. These eddy currents will produce a magnetic field of their own with a distinctive phase shift. An array of receivers shall be placed on the ground which will detect magnetic field signals with a distinctive phase shift. This phase shift is characteristic of the nano metal particles present in the fracturing fluid. The receivers on the ground shall help in determining the fracture length and width. Another array of receivers shall be kept on an offset well to determine the height of the fractures. Fracture dimensions cannot be studied properly in laboratory because the anisotropy of the formation is very difficult to create. But this method will offer a method of comparison between planned and actual fracture dimensions. This will help in refinement of hydraulic fracturing simulators. Effects of in-situ stress conditions on fracture dimensions shall be better understood. Manganese or zinc doped ferrite of concentration 160g/bbl and sizes between 10nm to 1μm shall have a magnetic permeability of 50μ0. Silver nanoparticles can also be used since it will provide a distinct phase shift which shall be easily identifiable. This paper shall also discuss the method of interpreting fracture dimensions from magnetic signals. Shale gas formations are a prime target for hydraulic fracturing. These formations can modelled better with use of this method. Effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing operation can be gauged and improved using this method.
Dietary nitrate enhances arterial oxygen saturation after dynamic apnea (2016)

Breath-hold divers train to minimize their oxygen consumption to improve their apneic performance. Dietary nitrate has been shown to reduce the oxygen cost in a variety of situations, and our aim was to study its effect on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub> ) after dynamic apnea (DYN) performance. Fourteen healthy male apnea divers (aged 33 ± 11 years) received either 70 mL of concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) or placebo (PL) on different days. At 2.5 h after ingesting the juice, they were asked to perform 2 × 75 m DYN dives in a pool with 4.5-min recovery between dives. Each dive started after 2-min countdown and without any warm-up apneas, hyperventilation, or lung packing. SaO<sub>2</sub> and heart rate were measured via pulse oximetry for 90 s before and after each dive. Mean SaO<sub>2</sub> nadir values after the dives were 83.4 ± 10.8% with BR and 78.3 ± 11.0% with PL (P < 0.05). At 20-s post-dive, mean SaO<sub>2</sub> was 86.3 ± 10.6% with BR and 79.4 ± 10.2% with PL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BR juice was found to elevate SaO<sub>2</sub> after 75-m DYN. These results suggest an oxygen conserving effect of dietary nitrate supplementation, which likely has a positive effect on maximal apnea performance.
<title>Plasma x-ray source of various materials produced by compact solid state lasers</title> (1994)

X-ray emission spectra in the wavelength range of 2 - 13 nm from 21 kinds of material (carbon through tin) irradiated either by a 4 J/35 ns slab Nd:glass laser or by a 0.5 J/8 ns Nd:YAG laser were recorded with a grazing incidence spectrometer equipped with a microchannel plate detector. The absolute photon intensities of these spectra were determined by simultaneous measurement of the emission from a molybdenum plasma with the grazing incidence spectrometer and a transmission grating spectrometer. For the carbon plasma, the electron temperature and density are derived from the spectrum and the conditions for intense Lyman (alpha) line are discussed. Finally, we describe the application to an x-ray microscope with the laser-produced carbon plasma.
Gallium/aluminum nanocomposite material for nonlinear optics and nonlinear plasmonics (2006)

We report on a new type of composite metallic structure for nonlinear optics and nonlinear plasmonics, created by grain boundary penetration of gallium into an aluminum film. These composite films form mirrorlike interfaces with silica and show an exceptionally broadband phase-transition-based nonlinear response to optical excitation.
Skeletal Effects of Raloxifene After 8 Years: Results from the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) Study (2005)

Raloxifene therapy had no effect on nonvertebral fracture risk after 8 years, although CORE had limitations for fracture risk assessment. BMD increases were maintained after 7 years of raloxifene.
DefSim: Measurement Environment for CMOS Defects (2006)

This article describes a measurement environment for study of two CMOS defect types: opens and shorts. These defect types are physically implemented in silicon in a big variety of locations inside a set of digital standard cells and small circuits. The integrated circuit (IC) with the collection of defects is mounted onto a plug-and-play measurement box, which is connected to the PC via USB cable. Two measurement methods are supported by IC: voltage and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDQ</sub> testing. The DefSim bundle represents a unique and easy to handle educational and research environment. In the paper we also consider a simple learning flow, which is targeted on students whose main specialization is general microelectronics (not the digital testing specifically)
Motion Control of Rolling Ball by Operating the Working Plate with a Dual-Arm Robot (2012)

Recently, new needs have emerged to control not only linear motion but also rotational motion in high-accuracy manufacturing fields. Many five axiscontrolled machining centers are therefore in use. However, one problem has been that it may be difficult to achieve flexible manufacturing systems by methods based on the use of these machine tools. On the other hand, industrial dual-arm robots have gained attention as new tools to control both linear motion and rotational motion accurately, in the attempt to control a working plate like a machine tool table. In the present report, cooperative dual-arm motion is demonstrated to make it feasible to perform stable operation control, such as controlling the working plate to keep a ball rolling in a circular path on it. As a result, we investigated the influence of each axis motion error on a ball-rolling path.
MovieCLIP: Visual Scene Recognition in Movies (2023)

Longform media such as movies have complex narrative structures, with events spanning a rich variety of ambient visual scenes. Domain specific challenges associated with visual scenes in movies include transitions, person coverage, and a wide array of real-life and fictional scenarios. Existing visual scene datasets in movies have limited taxonomies and don’t consider the visual scene transition within movie clips. In this work, we address the problem of visual scene recognition in movies by first automatically curating a new and extensive movie-centric taxonomy of 179 scene labels derived from movie scripts and auxiliary web-based video datasets. Instead of manual annotations which can be expensive, we use CLIP to weakly label 1.12 million shots from 32K movie clips based on our proposed taxonomy. We provide baseline visual models trained on the weakly labeled dataset called MovieCLIP and evaluate them on an independent dataset verified by human raters. We show that leveraging features from models pretrained on MovieCLIP benefits downstream tasks such as multi-label scene and genre classification of web videos and movie trailers.
Regulation of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore by the Outer Membrane Does Not Involve the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor (Translocator Protein of 18 kDa (TSPO)) (2014)

Translocator protein of 18 kDa (TSPO) is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is thought to play a key role in the mitochondrial transport of cholesterol, a key step in the generation of steroid hormones. However, it was first characterized as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor because it appears to be responsible for high affinity binding of a number of benzodiazepines to non-neuronal tissues. Ensuing studies have employed natural and synthetic ligands to assess the role of TSPO function in a number of natural and pathological circumstances. Largely through the use of these compounds and biochemical associations, TSPO has been proposed to play a role in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which has been associated with cell death in many human pathological conditions. Here, we critically assess the role of TSPO in the function of the PTP through the generation of mice in which the Tspo gene has been conditionally eliminated. Our results show that 1) TSPO plays no role in the regulation or structure of the PTP, 2) endogenous and synthetic ligands of TSPO do not regulate PTP activity through TSPO, 3) outer mitochondrial membrane regulation of PTP activity occurs though a mechanism that does not require TSPO, and 4) hearts lacking TSPO are as sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury as hearts from control mice. These results call into question a wide variety of studies implicating TSPO in a number of pathological processes through its actions on the PTP.
A New OMCVD Iridium Precursor for Thin Film Deposition (2001)

A new one step synthesis of a volatile iridium OMCVD precursor with 60 % yield is described. Using the precursor [Ir(μ-SC(CH3)3)(CO)2]2 (see Figure), it is possible to obtain iridium of high purity. TGA/DTA analyses indicate that the precursor melts at 128 °C and starts to decompose at 160 °C. SEM analysis reveals that films deposited above 300 °C have a lamellar morphology while nodular morphology was obtained below 250 °C.
Development of a Texas Building Registry (2010)

The Texas Building Registry (TBR or Registry) provides data collection, storage, and analysis of above-code residential housing construction in Texas. The original system was developed to support the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP). Since 2005, the Energy Systems Laboratory (The Laboratory) has provided web-based, above code energy efficiency calculators for public use. The Registry can accept single entry and batch loading of data describing Energy Star™ homes, low-income weatherization programs, or data from municipal code enforcement systems. The Registry is independent of, and respectful of, other rating systems used by partners, thus it can accept data for homes measured against Energy Star, IECC 2000/2001, 2006, 2009, and specially amended Codes. Reports can be given summarized geographically against weather zones, county or cities, and even displayed on a map (i.e., thematic mapping). Additional reports on building characteristics can be analyzed and reported such as: HVAC tonnage per sq. ft; or average SHGC. Data provided by partners is kept secure database server located at the Texas A&amp;M University. Individual results from the Registry will not be displayed to further respect the privacy of individuals who have provided the data.
Doubling Time of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Is a Significant Prognostic Factor after the Surgical Resection of Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer (2008)

The tumor size and CEA-dt were useful prognostic factors that were recognizable before surgery. Patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer with a CEA-dt > or =150 days and a recurrent tumor size <5 cm are considered to be good candidates for surgery.
Bioengineering of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) for advanced material applications: incorporation of cyano and nitrophenoxy side chain substituents (1995)

Novel functional poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates), PHAs, with hyperpolarizable side groups were prepared. Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347 and Pseudomonas putida KT 2442 were selected as biocatalysts. These organisms were first grown on citrate (40 mM) before polymer formation was studied in a second stage. The carbon sources in second-stage cultivations were mixtures (total of 15 mM) of octanoate (OA) with either 7.5 or 10 mM para-cyanophenoxyhexanoate (CPH), para-cyanophenoxyvalerate (CPV), para-cyanophenoxybutyrate (CPB), or para-nitrophenoxyhexanoate (NPH). For both organisms, only small deviations in the number of colony-forming units per millilitre were observed when second-stage cultivations containing only 15 mM octanoate were compared with those using mixtures of OA with either CPB, CPV, CPH, or NPH. PHA volumetric yields as a function of organism, carbon source mixture, and culture time are reported. The percent incorporations of substituted phenoxy side groups in the polymer products were determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Pseudomonas putida formed PHAs with up to 24.2% 3-hydroxy-6-(para-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate side groups when 5 mM OA and 10 mM CPH were used. A dramatic decrease in the percent incorporation of para-cyanophenoxy (CP) by P. putida was observed when the relatively shorter CP-substituted n-alkanoate chain CPV and CPB cosubstrates were used. Use of NPH in place of CPH had deleterious effects on both polymer formation and percent incorporation of substituted phenoxy side groups in P. putida. Pseudomonas oleovorans formed PHAs with only up to ~2% CP side chains when a combination of OA and CPH was used and little to no CP side groups when a combination of OA and CPV or CPB was used. Substitution of NPH in place of CPH led to a modest increase (up to ~5%) in substituted phenoxy side groups. Thus, a new route to first-generation chiral polymer structures for nonlinear optical applications was demonstrated.Key words: Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas putida, poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate), poly(3-hydroxy-6-para-cyanophenoxyhexanoate), poly(3-hydroxy-6-para-nitrophenoxyhexanoate), poly(β-hydroxy-para-cyanophenoxyvalerate).
Alcohol ADME in Primates Studied with Positron Emission Tomography (2012)

Background and Purpose: The sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of alcohol as well as its adverse medical consequences differ markedly among individuals, which reflects in part differences in alcohol's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties. The ADME of alcohol in the body and its relationship with alcohol's brain bioavailability, however, is not well understood.
Isolation of a thermostable enzyme catalyzing disulfide bond formation from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus (1992)

A disulfide bond-forming enzyme was purified from the cytosol of the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus, strain MT-4. The enzyme, assayed by its ability to oxidize and reactivate reductively denatured ribonuclease A, had a small molecular size and displayed a high thermostability. The N-terminal amino acid sequence is reported.
Crosslinking Kinetics: Partitioning According to Number of Crosslinks (2004)

Abstract Summary: To mathematically describe crosslinking kinetics for polymers, we have proposed a novel method that accounts for the number of crosslinks, that is, partitioning according to number of crosslinks (PANC). By contrast, the well‐known method of numerical fractionation tracks generations of crosslinked molecules, defined to include a range of crosslinks. The proposed crosslinking kinetics yield a population balance model that provides moments and hence measurable average properties such as number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight, polydispersity and average crosslink number. The gel points for batch and continuous‐flow stirred‐tank reactors are derived. Because the usual closure methods do not yield satisfactory convergence, new representations for post‐gelation moments are proposed. The results realistically show how the moments change with time in the post‐gel region. The average number of crosslinks in the bulk and sol versus time in a batch reactor; the gel point is the dashed line. image The average number of crosslinks in the bulk and sol versus time in a batch reactor; the gel point is the dashed line.
Ecological hazard assessment of aqueous soil extracts using fetax (1995)

Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus (FETAX) testing of a series of diverse hazardous waste-site soil samples was performed to evaluate the efficacy of FETAX as a rapid developmental toxicity screening tool for environmental hazard assessment. Soil samples were collected from six different hazardous waste sites, three from eastern and three from western Washington State. The type of waste site samples studied, based on the contaminants identified, included: heavy metals (2), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum products (2) and organochlorine pesticides. Three to five samples from each site representing baseline and increasing levels of contamination were collected. Aqueous extracts of the soil samples were prepared and used for FETAX studies. Samples collected from the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon- and petroleum product-contaminated sites induced greater levels of embryolethal effects, although embryonic malformation was also observed. The metal-contaminated sites induced greater levels of embryonic malformation, but induced less embryolethality than the other samples evaluated. The organochlorine pesticide-contaminated site samples caused significant levels of embryonic deformities but failed to induce embryolethal effects. Results from these studies suggested that FETAX was sensitive enough to detect low levels of developmental toxicants but robust enough to be suitable for aqueous soil extract testing. FETAX may be used as a component of a battery of tests designed to assess potential ecological hazard.
Proteolytic processing of lysyl oxidase–like-2 in the extracellular matrix is required for crosslinking of basement membrane collagen IV (2017)

Lysyl oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) is an enzyme secreted into the extracellular matrix that crosslinks collagens by mediating oxidative deamination of lysine residues. Our previous work demonstrated that this enzyme crosslinks the 7S domain, a structural domain that stabilizes collagen IV scaffolds in the basement membrane. Despite its relevant role in extracellular matrix biosynthesis, little is known about the structural requirements of LOXL2 that enable collagen IV crosslinking. In this study, we demonstrate that LOXL2 is processed extracellularly by serine proteases, generating a 65-kDa form lacking the first two scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains. Site-specific mutagenesis to prevent proteolytic processing generated a full-length enzyme that is active <i>in vitro</i> toward a soluble substrate, but fails to crosslink insoluble collagen IV within the extracellular matrix. In contrast, the processed form of LOXL2 binds to collagen IV and crosslinks the 7S domain. Together, our data demonstrate that proteolytic processing is an important event that allows LOXL2-mediated crosslinking of basement membrane collagen IV.
Nonvolatile analog memory in MNOS capacitors (1980)

Long-term storage of analog signals of wide dynamic range has been successfully demonstrated for the first time in single MNOS capacitors. After a reset state is established by majority carrier tunneling, measured pulses of light are used to generate minority carriers which tunnel to nitride traps and in turn induce shifts in the flat-band voltage proportional to the minority carrier charge. Linear voltage windows of 12 volts are observed, and logarithmic decay rates are as low as 30 mV per decade of storage time per volt of initial flat-band shift. Analog signals can be stored linearly over a dynamic range of 40 dB for 30 hours.
Hybrid Alchemical Free Energy/Machine-Learning Methodology for the Computation of Hydration Free Energies (2020)

A methodology that combines alchemical free energy calculations (FEP) with machine learning (ML) has been developed to compute accurate absolute hydration free energies. The hybrid FEP/ML methodology was trained on a subset of the FreeSolv database and retrospectively shown to outperform most submissions from the SAMPL4 competition. Compared to pure machine-learning approaches, FEP/ML yields more precise estimates of free energies of hydration and requires a fraction of the training set size to outperform standalone FEP calculations. The ML-derived correction terms are further shown to be transferable to a range of related FEP simulation protocols. The approach may be used to inexpensively improve the accuracy of FEP calculations and to flag molecules which will benefit the most from bespoke force field parametrization efforts.
Scaffolding to Improve Writing Skills in Computer Science Literacy Course (2015)

Writing has been recognized as an important skill in the technology field. This paper reports a study that uses a scaffolding approach to improve student writing skills in a computer science literacy course. While the quantitative results do not show a significant impact of scaffolding in individual paper assignment on the subsequent group wiki assignment, the student feedback in end-of-semester evaluations strongly indicated that scaffolding indeed helped improve their writing.
Reduction of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) leads to visual impairment in vertebrates (2018)

In vertebrates, mitochondria are tightly preserved energy producing organelles, which sustain nervous system development and function. The understanding of proteins that regulate their homoeostasis in complex animals is therefore critical and doing so via means of systemic analysis pivotal to inform pathophysiological conditions associated with mitochondrial deficiency. With the goal to decipher the role of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF<sub>1</sub>) in brain development, we employed the zebrafish as elected model reporting that the Atpif1a<sup>-/-</sup> zebrafish mutant, pinotage (pnt <sup>tq209</sup> ), which lacks one of the two IF<sub>1</sub> paralogous, exhibits visual impairment alongside increased apoptotic bodies and neuroinflammation in both brain and retina. This associates with increased processing of the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), whose ablation is a direct cause of inherited optic atrophy. Defects in vision associated with the processing of OPA1 are specular in Atpif1<sup>-/-</sup> mice thus confirming a regulatory axis, which interlinks IF<sub>1</sub> and OPA1 in the definition of mitochondrial fitness and specialised brain functions. This study unveils a functional relay between IF<sub>1</sub> and OPA1 in central nervous system besides representing an example of how the zebrafish model could be harnessed to infer the activity of mitochondrial proteins during development.
Long–Term Renal Outcomes after Cisplatin Treatment (2016)

This is the largest study of adult patients with cancer who received cisplatin for treatment across multiple tumor types. Most patients experience small but permanent declines in eGFR, but none progressed to ESRD requiring hemodialysis.