gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAR-1 Deficiency Protects against Neuronal Damage and Neurologic Deficits after Unilateral Cerebral Hypoxia/Ischemia (2004)

Cardiovascular and neurologic surgeries often involve a temporary reduction in cerebral blood flow. In these conditions, as well as during cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury, the temporary loss of oxygen and glucose initiates a cascade of cellular events that culminate in neuronal death and damage. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to neuronal death after hypoxia/ischemia is critically important for treatment of such brain injury. Here, we use a model of combined cerebral hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) to examine the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in hypoxic/ischemic neuronal damage. Our data show that PAR-1-deficient mice have smaller lesion volumes than wild-type controls after 45 minutes of H/I. The results of the genetic block of PAR-1 were corroborated using a PAR-1 antagonist, which decreased infarct volume in wild-type C57Bl6 mice. Examination of cellular responses to H/I reveals that PAR-1 -/- animals have less cellular death and diminished glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Additionally, PAR-1 -/- mice exhibit less motor behavior impairment in rotorod and inverted wire-hang tests. These data suggest that PAR-1 contributes to hypoxic/ischemic brain injury and are consistent with other studies that implicate serine proteases and their receptors in neuropathology after cerebral insults.
Recent Development and Directions in Printed Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

Just over a decade ago, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) established themselves as the next generation of photovoltaic technology due to their comparably higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) (25.6%), cheaper and simpler manufacturing processes to that of Silicon solar cells. Based on the potential, several methods and processes have been developed to produce high‐quality perovskite films for commercialization of PSCs. It has recently been found that printing technology is very effective in controlling film formation, resulting in a high PCE of over 21%. This review summarizes the intense research that has been done on newer printing techniques to enlarge perovskite films and other layers such as the hole transport layer (HTL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and electrodes for PSCs. At the end, the review article describes the future scope of research to address the challenges of commercializing PSCs.
Estimating of hepatic fat amount using MRI proton density fat fraction in a real practice setting (2017)

The recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction (PDFF) allows measurement of the fat in all segments of hepatic tissue. However, it is time consuming and inconvenient to measure each segment repeatedly. Moreover, volume of each segment also should be adjusted with arithmetic mean of the selected segments when total amount of liver fat is estimated. Therefore, we try to develop a clinically-relevant and applicable method of estimating hepatic fat in PDFF image.A total of 164 adults were enrolled. We addressed the measurement frequency and segment selection to determine the optimal method of measuring intrahepatic fat. Total hepatic fat was estimated by the weighted mean of each segment reflecting their respective segmental volumes. We designed 2 models. In Model 1, we determined the segment order by which the mean was closest to the whole weighted mean. In Model 2, we determined the segment order by which the arithmetic mean of the selected segments was closest to the whole weighted mean.Fat fraction (FF) was most important risk factor of hepatic heterogeneity in multivariable analysis (β = 0.534, P < .001). In severe fatty liver (FF > 22.1%), intrahepatic fat variability was 2.47% (1.16-6.26%). The arithmetic mean total intrahepatic FF was 12.66%. But the weighted mean that applied to each segmental volume was 12.90%. In Model 1, arithmetic mean of segments 4 and 5 was closest to the total estimated hepatic fat amount. However, when we added segment 8, the mean of segments 4, 5, and 8 was significantly different from the estimated total hepatic fat amount (P = .0021). In Model 2, arithmetic mean of segments 4 and 5 was closest to the total estimated hepatic fat amount. There was a significant reduction in variability between segment 4 and segments 4 and 5 (P < .0001).Averaging the mean hepatic FF of segments 4 and 5 was the most reasonable method for estimating total intrahepatic fat in practice.
Cross-kingdom signalling regulates spore germination in the moss Physcomitrella patens (2020)

Plants live in close association with microorganisms that can have beneficial or detrimental effects. The activity of bacteria in association with flowering plants has been extensively analysed. Bacteria use quorum-sensing as a way of monitoring their population density and interacting with their environment. A key group of quorum sensing molecules in Gram-negative bacteria are the N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs), which are known to affect the growth and development of both flowering plants, including crops, and marine algae. Thus, AHLs have potentially important roles in agriculture and aquaculture. Nothing is known about the effects of AHLs on the earliest-diverging land plants, thus the evolution of AHL-mediated bacterial-plant/algal interactions is unknown. In this paper, we show that AHLs can affect spore germination in a representative of the earliest plants on land, the Bryophyte moss Physcomitrella patens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sporophytes of some wild isolates of Physcomitrella patens are associated with AHL-producing bacteria.
The lonely failing heart: a case for ECM genes (1995)

The lonely failing heart: a case for ECM genes Get access Karl T. Weber Karl T. Weber Series Editor Karl T. Weber. University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Cardiology, Room MA432 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, December 1995, Page 835, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00061-5 Published: 01 December 1995
Evaluation of flexor digitorum superficialis function in adolescent baseball players (2022)

One study reported that participating baseball players with elbow pain have more medial elbow joint space than those without pain symptoms. In another study on finger movements during pitching motion, the force of the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers was greatest immediately before maximum external rotation. According to both reports, FDS function, especially in the index finger, can be a therapeutic target for medial-sided elbow injuries in adolescent baseball players.
3D surface reconstruction and panorama stitching based on LCD-based calibration and multi-baselines stereo matching (2009)

This paper presents an automatic method of 3D surface reconstruction and panorama stitching based on LCD-based calibration and multi-baselines stereo matching. In the method, calibration is carried out using a 2D control field composed by the completely flat Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), on which lots of circle points with known coordinates are drawn by a simple program. Then, the technology of multi-baselines stereo matching is introduced and applied to get highly reliable corresponding points to achieve good triangulation results using fast bundle adjustment. Finally, methods for 3D surface reconstruction and panorama stitching are also introduced.
Evaluation of the Magiscan Image Analyzer for Asbestos Fiber Counting (1987)

The Magiscan 2 (M-2) image analysis system with asbestos fiber counting software was evaluated. The M-2 takes a video image from a standard phase contrast light microscope used for human (manual) counting of asbestos fibers, processes the video image and then analyzes the particle shapes to count the number of fibers. Operator attention is required to the extent of placing the slide in the microscope, selecting the areas for analysis and focusing the microscope. A set of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) quality control field samples was analyzed by the M-2, and the results were compared to the OSHA counts. The data indicated good precision by the M-2 and reasonably good agreement with the OSHA counts. A subset of these samples also was analyzed by a group of 12 proficient laboratories. The M-2 results agreed well with the inter-laboratory means. Finally, the performance of the M-2 was observed for individual fibers. The M-2 did not always agree with the observer (e.g., sometimes missing the thinner fibers, sometimes breaking fibers apart and counting the segments as separate fibers), but was generally specific for fibers. It also was noted that chains of small particles and edges of certain types of large particles sometimes were detected as fibers. Thus, for samples containing such features, the M-2 may show significant biases. The M-2 has several advantages over manual counting of occupational asbestos exposure samples. The M-2 system gives precision at least as good as that of manual counters, is less prone to inter-laboratory bias, is somewhat faster than manual counters, reduces operator fatigue and requires less operator expertise.
Ammonia Recycled Percolation Process for Pretreatment of Herbaceous Biomass (1996)

An ammonia-based pretreatment method termed ammonia recycled percolation (ARP) was developed for pretreating herbaceous biomass like corn cobs/stover mixture (CCSM) and switchgrass. The process involves treatment of biomass with aqueous ammonia through a percolation reactor (packed-bed, flow-through type). The effects temperature, reaction time, and ammonia concentration were studied. The extent of delignification in the ARP process was in the range of 60-80% for CCSM and 65-85% for switchgrass. The ARP process solubilized significant amounts of the hemicellulose fraction into the pretreatment effluent, yet left most of the glucan fraction intact. The experimental data on CCSM and switchgrass indicate that the ARP is a highly effective pretreatment method. Near-complete conversion of cellulose to glucose was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of ARP-treated solid samples of CCSM, whereas conversion was slightly lower for switchgrass. The rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of ARP-treated samples was substantially higher than that of a-cellulose. The ARP effluents were evaluated for fermentability/toxicity by the xylose-fermenting yeastPichia stipitis(NRRL Y-11545). The adaptability of ARP-treated solid samples to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was tested for ethanol production using cellulase enzyme and the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NREL, D5A).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N,N′‐Dibenzylidenehydrazine with Dialkyphosphorous, Hypophosphorous, and Thioglycolic Acid. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gamma/Delta T Cells from Tolerized Alpha/Beta-TCR-Deficient Mice Antigen Specifically Inhibit Contact Sensitivity in vivo and IFN-Gamma Production in vitro (1997)

Contact sensitivity (CS) responses to reactive hapten antigens (Ag), such as picryl chloride, are classical examples of T-cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. There is also abundant evidence that T cells exposed in vivo to high intravenous doses of Ag can downregulate CS (high-dose Ag tolerance). To clarify cell types that effect CS and mediate its downregulation, we have studied CS in mice congenitally deficient in alpha/beta T cells (alpha-/- mice). We show that alpha-/- mice cannot mount CS, implicating alpha/beta T cells as critical CS effector cells. However, after high-dose Ag tolerization, these alpha-/- mice can downregulate alpha/beta CS effector cells adoptively transferred to them. The active cells in tolerized alpha-/- mice are gamma/delta TCR+ cells which downregulate CS effector alpha/beta T cells Ag-specifically upon adoptive cell transfer. Moreover, gamma/delta cells can Ag-specifically downregulate IFN-gamma production by CS effector cells in vitro. These findings establish that gamma/delta T cells are not CS effector cells but downregulate CS, in agreement with recent reports that gamma/delta T cells downregulate IgE responses.
Modeling GPCR active state conformations: The β2‐adrenergic receptor (2011)

The recent publication of several G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures has increased the information available for homology modeling inactive class A GPCRs. Moreover, the opsin crystal structure shows some active features. We have therefore combined information from these two sources to generate an extensively validated model of the active conformation of the β(2)-adrenergic receptor. Experimental information on fully active GPCRs from zinc binding studies, site-directed spin labeling, and other spectroscopic techniques has been used in molecular dynamics simulations. The observed conformational changes reside mainly in transmembrane helix 6 (TM6), with additional small but significant changes in TM5 and TM7. The active model has been validated by manual docking and is in agreement with a large amount of experimental work, including site-directed mutagenesis information. Virtual screening experiments show that the models are selective for β-adrenergic agonists over other GPCR ligands, for (R)- over (S)-β-hydroxy agonists and for β(2)-selective agonists over β(1)-selective agonists. The virtual screens reproduce interactions similar to those generated by manual docking. The C-terminal peptide from a model of the stimulatory G protein, readily docks into the active model in a similar manner to which the C-terminal peptide from transducin, docks into opsin, as shown in a recent opsin crystal structure. This GPCR-G protein model has been used to explain site-directed mutagenesis data on activation. The agreement with experiment suggests a robust model of an active state of the β(2)-adrenergic receptor has been produced. The methodology used here should be transferable to modeling the active state of other GPCRs.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant S-protein vaccine S-268019-b in cynomolgus monkeys (2022)

The vaccine S-268019-b is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-protein vaccine consisting of full-length recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-protein (S-910823) as antigen, mixed with the squalene-based adjuvant A-910823. The current study evaluated the immunogenicity of S-268019-b using various doses of S-910823 and its vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in cynomolgus monkeys. The different doses of S-910823 combined with A-910823 were intramuscularly administered twice at a 3-week interval. Two weeks after the second dosing, dose-dependent humoral immune responses were observed with neutralizing antibody titers being comparable to that of human convalescent plasma. Pseudoviruses harboring S proteins from Beta and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants displayed approximately 3- to 4-fold reduced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies induced after two vaccine doses compared with that against ancestral viruses, whereas neutralizing antibody titers were reduced >14-fold against the Omicron variant. Cellular immunity was also induced with a relative Th1 polarized response. No adverse clinical signs or weight loss associated with the vaccine were observed, suggesting safety of the vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys. Immunization with 10 µg of S-910823 with A-910823 demonstrated protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 challenge according to genomic and subgenomic viral RNA transcript levels in nasopharyngeal, throat, and rectal swab specimens. Pathological analysis revealed no detectable vaccine-dependent enhancement of disease in the lungs of challenged vaccinated monkeys. The current findings provide fundamental information regarding vaccine doses for human trials and support the development of S-268019-b as a safe and effective vaccine for controlling the current pandemic, as well as general protection against SARS-CoV-2 moving forward.
Wildcard Compression of Inter-Domain Routing Tables for OpenFlow-Based Software-Defined Networking (2014)

In this paper we consider carrier networks using only OpenFlow switches instead of IP routers. Accommodating the full forwarding information base (FIB) of IP routers in the switches is difficult because the BGP routing tables in the default-free zone currently contain about 500,000 entries and switches have only little capacity in their fast and expensive TCAM memory. The objective of this paper is the compression of the FIB in acceptable time to minimize the TCAM requirements of switches. The benchmark is simple prefix aggregation as it is common in IP networks where longest-prefix matching is applied. In contrast, OpenFlow-based switches can match general wildcard expressions with priorities. Starting from a minimum-size prefix-based FIB, we further compress that FIB by allowing general wildcard expressions utilizing the Espresso heuristic that is commonly used for logic minimization. As the computation time of Espresso is challenging for large inputs, we provide means to trade computation time against compression efficiency. Our results show that today's FIB sizes can be reduced by 17% saving up to 40,000 entries and the compression time can be limited to 1 - 2s sacrificing only 1% -- 2% compression ratio.
Group-Centric Secure Information-Sharing Models for Isolated Groups (2011)

Group-Centric Secure Information Sharing (g-SIS) envisions bringing users and objects together in a group to facilitate agile sharing of information brought in from external sources as well as creation of new information within the group. We expect g-SIS to be orthogonal and complementary to authorization systems deployed within participating organizations. The metaphors “secure meeting room” and “subscription service” characterize the g-SIS approach. The focus of this article is on developing the foundations of isolated g-SIS models. Groups are isolated in the sense that membership of a user or an object in a group does not affect their authorizations in other groups. Present contributions include the following: formal specification of core properties that at once help to characterize the family of g-SIS models and provide a “sanity check” for full policy specifications; informal discussion of policy design decisions that differentiate g-SIS policies from one another with respect to the authorization semantics of group operations; formalization and verification of a specific member of the family of g-SIS models; demonstration that the core properties are logically consistent and mutually independent; and identification of several directions for future extensions. The formalized specification is highly abstract. Besides certain well-formedness requirements that specify, for instance, a user cannot leave a group unless she is a member, it constrains only whether user-level read and write operations are authorized and it does so solely in terms of the history of group operations; join and leave for users and add, create, and remove for objects. This makes temporal logic one of the few formalisms in which the specification can be clearly and concisely expressed. The specification serves as a reference point that is the first step in deriving authorization-system component specifications from which a programmer with little security expertise could implement a high-assurance enforcement system for the specified policy.
Influence of sheath gas flow rate in Ar induction thermal plasma with Ti powder injection on the plasma temperature by numerical calculation (2018)

Numerical calculation was conducted to study the gas flow fields and temperature distribution in Ar inductively couple thermal plasma (ICTP) with titanium (Ti) powder injection. Influence of sheath gas flow rates at 90 L/min, 80 L/min and 70 L/min was investigated on the thermal plasma temperature in the torch. Results indicated that higher sheath gas flow rate raises the axial temperature and gas flow velocity in the thermal plasma
Progress on the commissioning of the Iseult 11.7T whole-body MRI: first images (2022)

Synopsis: The Iseult project started in 2001 and is a collaborative effort involving CEA and the University of Freiburg in academics, Guerbet, Siemens Healthineers and Bruker Biospin as industrial partners. One central aspect of the project has been the design by CEA of a whole-body magnet of 11.7T field strength with a 90- cm wide bore. After nearly 20 years of research and development, prototyping, integration and tests, first images have been acquired with this unique MRI scanner. Some key validation results are presented here.
Rayleigh Imaging of Graphene and Graphene Layers (2007)

We investigate graphene and graphene layers on different substrates by monochromatic and white-light confocal Rayleigh scattering microscopy. The image contrast depends sensitively on the dielectric properties of the sample as well as the substrate geometry and can be described quantitatively using the complex refractive index of bulk graphite. For a few layers (&lt;6), the monochromatic contrast increases linearly with thickness. The data can be adequately understood by considering the samples behaving as a superposition of single sheets that act as independent two-dimensional electron gases. Thus, Rayleigh imaging is a general, simple, and quick tool to identify graphene layers, which is readily combined with Raman scattering, that provides structural identification.
A New and Efficient One‐Pot Solid‐Supported Synthesis of 1,2,4,6‐Tetraaryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Limited feedback precoding for spatial multiplexing systems (2004)

Spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems are of both theoretical and practical importance because they can achieve high spectral efficiencies by demultiplexing the incoming bit stream into multiple substreams. It has been shown that sending fewer substreams than the number of transmit antennas by linear precoding can provide improved error rate performance. Methods for designing linear precoders using perfect channel knowledge have previously been proposed. In many wireless systems, the assumption of complete channel knowledge is unrealistic because of the lack of forward and reverse channel reciprocity. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a precoding scheme that does not require transmit channel knowledge. The precoder is designed at the receiver and conveyed to the transmitter using a limited number of bits. The limited feedback represents an index within a finite set, or codebook, of precoding matrices. The receiver selects one of these codebook matrices using a modified version of a previously proposed full channel knowledge precoder selection criterion. A precoder codebook design method for maximizing the average effective channel power is shown to relate to chordal distance Grassmannian subspace packing. Simulation results show this technique outperforms antenna subset selection spatial multiplexing.