gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subassemblies and Asymmetry in Assembly of Herpes Simplex Virus Procapsid (2015)

This paper addresses the molecular mechanisms that govern the self-assembly of large, structurally complex, macromolecular particles, such as the capsids of double-stranded DNA viruses. Although they may consist of thousands of protein subunits of many different kinds, their assembly is precise, ranking them among the largest entities in the biosphere whose structures are uniquely defined to the atomic level. Assembly proceeds in two stages: formation of a precursor particle (procapsid) and maturation, during which major changes in structure and composition take place. Our analysis of the HSV procapsid by cryo-electron microscopy suggests a hierarchical pathway in which multisubunit "protomers" are the building blocks of the procapsid but their subunits are redistributed into different subcomplexes upon being incorporated into a nascent procapsid and are redistributed again in maturation. Assembly is a highly virus-specific process, making it a potential target for antiviral intervention.
Unity Integration of Grating Slot Waveguide and Microfluid for Terahertz Sensing (2018)

Abstract Refractive index sensing is attracting extensive interest. Limited by the weak light–matter interaction and the broad bandwidth of resonance, the figure of merit (FoM) of terahertz (THz) sensors is much lower than their counterparts in visible and infrared regions. Here, these two issues are addressed by incorporating a microfluidic channel as a slot layer into a grating slot waveguide (GSW), where guided‐mode resonance results in a narrowband resonant peak and the sensitivity increases remarkably due to the greatly concentrated electromagnetic fields in the slot layer. Both reflective and transmissive sensors are developed with the calculated quality (Q) factors two orders of magnitude larger than metamaterial and plasmonic sensors, and the sensitivities one order of magnitude larger than grating waveguide sensors, contributing to a record high FoM of 692. The measured results match well with the simulations considering the fabrication errors, where the degeneration of narrowband transmission peaks in experiments is attributed to the error of the microfluidic channel height and the divergence of the incident beam. The proposed unity‐integrating configuration with simultaneous optimizations of the resonance mechanism, and the spatial overlap between the sensing field and the analytes shows the potential for high sensitivity bio and chemo sensing.
Association of <i>ADRB1 </i>and <i>UCP3</i> Gene Polymorphisms with Insulin Sensitivity but Not Obesity (2007)

Polymorphisms in ADRB1 and UCP3 may contribute to insulin resistance rather than obesity among Swedish women.
Application of gas chromatography/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry to the identification of glucosinolates from Brassica vegetables (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of gas chromatography/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry to the identification of glucosinolates from Brassica vegetablesMagdi M. Mossoba, G. John Shaw, Denis Andrzejewski, James A. Sphon, and Samuel W. PageCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 2, 367–372Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00086a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crossed-beam study of the reaction H/sub 3/O/sup +/(D/sub 2/O,H/sub 2/O)D/sub 2/HO/sup +/ (1980)

The molecular dynamics of the reaction H/sub 3/O/sup +/(D/sub 2/O,H/sub 2/O)D/sub 2/HO/sup +/ were investigated at 0.68, 1.96, 3.45, and 4.99 eV relative kinetic energy. The equivalent reaction with isotopic exchange H/sub 3/O/sup +/(D/sub 2/O,HDO)H/sub 2/DO/sup +/ was investigated at 0.65 eV. Principal features of the angular dependence are rationalized in terms of a single reaction model which assumes proton transfer at large distances under the influence of a smoothly varying long-range empirical potential, V(R) = 2250e/sup -3/ /sup 4//sup R/ + 5000R/sup -12/-180R/sup -6/-32R/sup -4/. Velocity distributions are quite broad at all energies, indicating extensive exchange of internal and translational energy. At the lowest energies investigated many of the collisions involve a time duration on the order of the rotational period of the collision intermediate. Extensive isotopic exchange is noted, and the differential cross-section contour plot approaches the symmetry characteristic of a persistent complex.
Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate increases the open probability of potassium channels in activated human T cells (1996)

In the present report we describe a cAMP-responsive K channel in activated human T cells. Single channel events were recorded using the patch-clamp technique in cell-attached-patch configuration. The channel was K selective, as determined by reversal potentials under different K gradients, and displayed voltage-independent gating. When the applied potential (Vp) was equal to zero, the conductance of the channel was 21.8 +/- 0.9 pS with 150 mM K in the electrode. Typical patches contained between two and seven channels that were relatively quiet, or silent, before agonist stimulation. Adenosine (20-30 microM) increased the average open time probability from 0.017 +/- 0.008 to 0.108 +/- 0.054 over a period of 108 s. Subsequent addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 (0.5 mM) increased the probability of being in the open state to 1.155 +/- 0.407 over a period of 180 s. Channel kinetics were well described by assuming two open and two closed states. Exponential time constants for the open states were 0.51 +/- 0.06 and 4.34 +/- 0.31 ms, and closed state time constants were 0.58 +/- 0.05 and 10.1 3 +/- 2.32 ms. In addition, extracellular ATP (0.3-1.0 mM) decreased channel activity. Moreover, Rp-cAMP (0.5-1.0 mM), an antagonist that specifically blocks the ability of cAMP to bind and activate protein kinase A, failed to inhibit adenosine- and Ro 20-1724-induced increases in channel activity, implying a direct action of cAMP on channel gating.
Raman Scattering of Longitudinal Modes in Gd2(MoO4)3 Crystals (1976)

A LO mode corresponding to the Fleury's “soft” TO mode at 47 cm -1 was measured by a backward and a right angle Raman scattering. Both of the LO and TO modes have the same temperature dependence, which is distinctly different from the result of Ganguly et al . It is concluded that above T c the Fleury's mode is neither a B 2 (TO) nor a A 1 (TO) mode but a T 2 mode of the Brillouin zone boundary, and the very little difference between LO and TO is the result of the fact that the soft mode of GMO is not directly responsible for the spontaneous polarization below T c .
Diastereoselektive Strecker-Synthese von α-Aminonitrilen an Kohlenhydrat-Matrices (1987)

Enantiomerenreine D-Aminosäuren wie 2, Bausteine vieler mikrobieller Produkte, lassen sich aus den mit hohem Diastereomerenüberschuß (87 bis 93% de) in 75–90% Ausbeute erhältlichen (αR)-N-Glycosyl-α-aminonitrilen 1 herstellen. Das als chirales Auxiliar eingesetzte Kohlenhydrat wird dabei zu 70–90% zurückgewonnen. (Piv = Me3C-CO)
Yuehchukene: a novel indole alkaloid with anti-implantation activity (1985)

Yuehchukene, a novel dimeric indole alkaloid with potent anti-implantation activity has been isolated from the roots of Murraya paniculata and identified as a racemic mixture of 6β-(3′-indolyl)-7α,7β,9-trimethyl-6aβ7,8,10aβ-tetrahydroindeno[2,1-b]indole (1) and its enantiomer.
Forecasting the opioid epidemic (2016)

Since 2000, almost half a million Americans have died from drug overdoses. This modern plague—largely driven by opioid addiction—degrades health, saps productivity, spawns crime, and devastates families, all at enormous societal cost. How did we get here, and what do we do now?
Determining Protein Complex Structures Based on a Bayesian Model of in Vivo Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Data (2014)

The use of in vivo Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) data to determine the molecular architecture of a protein complex in living cells is challenging due to data sparseness, sample heterogeneity, signal contributions from multiple donors and acceptors, unequal fluorophore brightness, photobleaching, flexibility of the linker connecting the fluorophore to the tagged protein, and spectral cross-talk. We addressed these challenges by using a Bayesian approach that produces the posterior probability of a model, given the input data. The posterior probability is defined as a function of the dependence of our FRET metric FRETR on a structure (forward model), a model of noise in the data, as well as prior information about the structure, relative populations of distinct states in the sample, forward model parameters, and data noise. The forward model was validated against kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and in vivo experimental data collected on nine systems of known structure. In addition, our Bayesian approach was validated by a benchmark of 16 protein complexes of known structure. Given the structures of each subunit of the complexes, models were computed from synthetic FRETR data with a distance root-mean-squared deviation error of 14 to 17 Å. The approach is implemented in the open-source Integrative Modeling Platform, allowing us to determine macromolecular structures through a combination of in vivo FRETR data and data from other sources, such as electron microscopy and chemical cross-linking.
New methods for image retrieval (1998)

Image Retrieval (IR) is one of the most exciting and fastestgrowing research areas in the field of multimedia technology. We present here a highlight of recent research for IR. Some trends and probable future research directions are presented. We expose the major problems that we have recognized: the lack of a good measurement of visual similarity, the little importance accorded to user interaction and feedback, and the neglect of spatial information. Answering these concerns, we describe the solutions implemented by recent IR systems. We also present the current image retrieval projects in our laboratory, which are motivated to a large extent by these same considerations. 1 Introduction Large and distributed collections of scientific, artistic, and commercial data comprising images, text, audio and video abound in our information-based society. To increase human productivity, however, there must be an effective and precise method for users to search, browse, and interact with these c...
Stable Isotope Labeling, in Vivo, of d- and l-Tryptophan Pools in Lemna gibba and the Low Incorporation of Label into Indole-3-Acetic Acid (1991)

We present evidence that the role of tryptophan and other potential intermediates in the pathways that could lead to indole derivatives needs to be reexamined. Two lines of Lemna gibba were tested for uptake of [(15)N-indole]-labeled tryptophan isomers and incorporation of that label into free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Both lines required levels of l-[(15)N]tryptophan 2 to 3 orders of magnitude over endogenous levels in order to obtain measurable incorporation of label into IAA. Labeled l-tryptophan was extractable from plant tissue after feeding and showed no measurable isomerization into d-tryptophan. d-[(15)N]tryptophan supplied to Lemna at rates of approximately 400 times excess of endogenous d-tryptophan levels (to yield an isotopic enrichment equal to that which allowed detection of the incorporation of l-tryptophan into IAA), did not result in measurable incorporation of label into free IAA. These results demonstrate that l-tryptophan is a more direct precursor to IAA than the d isomer and suggest (a) that the availability of tryptophan in vivo is not a limiting factor in the biosynthesis of IAA, thus implying that other regulatory mechanisms are in operation and (b) that l-tryptophan also may not be a primary precursor to IAA in plants.
Pharmaceutical Powder Compaction Technology (1996)

Interparticulate Bonding Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Compacts Interparticulate Attraction Mechanisms, Claus Fuhrer The Importance of Intermolecular Bonding Forces and the Concept of Bonding Surface Area, Christer Nystrom and Per-Gunnar Karehill Characterization of the Compression Process Porosity-Pressure Functions, Petteri Paronen and Jukka Ilkka Force-Displacement and Network Measurements, Gert Ragnarsson Viscoelastic Models, Fritz Muller Application of Percolation Theory and Fractal Geometry to Tablet Compaction, Hans Leuenberger, Ruth Leu, and Jean-Daniel Bonny Characterization of Compact Properties Mechanical Strength, Peter N. Davies and J. Michael Newton Tablet Surface Area, N. Anthony Armstrong Rationale for and the Measurement of Tableting Indices, Everett N. Hiestand Material Properties of Importance for Powder Volume Reduction and Compact Strength Particle Dimensions, Goran Alderborn Mechanical Properties, Ray C. Rowe and Ron J. Roberts Granule Properties, Goran Alderborn and Martin Wikberg Modeling the Compression Behavior of Particle Assemblies from the Mechanical Properties of Individual Particles, Wendy C. Duncan-Hewitt Compaction Properties of Excipients and Powder Mixtures Materials for Direct Compaction, Gerald K. Bolhuis and Zak T. Chowhan Compaction Properties of Binary Mixtures, John T. Fell Lubricant Sensitivity, Gerad K. Bolhuis and Arne W. Holzer The Development and Optimization of Tablet Formulations Using Mathematical Methods, Fridrun Podczeck
Characterization of Toxin Plasmids in Clostridium perfringens Type C Isolates (2010)

Clostridium perfringens type C isolates cause enteritis necroticans in humans or necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. Type C isolates always produce alpha toxin and beta toxin but often produce additional toxins, e.g., beta2 toxin or enterotoxin. Since plasmid carriage of toxin-encoding genes has not been systematically investigated for type C isolates, the current study used Southern blot hybridization of pulsed-field gels to test whether several toxin genes are plasmid borne among a collection of type C isolates. Those analyses revealed that the surveyed type C isolates carry their beta toxin-encoding gene (cpb) on plasmids ranging in size from ∼65 to ∼110 kb. When present in these type C isolates, the beta2 toxin gene localized to plasmids distinct from the cpb plasmid. However, some enterotoxin-positive type C isolates appeared to carry their enterotoxin-encoding cpe gene on a cpb plasmid. The tpeL gene encoding the large clostridial cytotoxin was localized to the cpb plasmids of some cpe-negative type C isolates. The cpb plasmids in most surveyed isolates were found to carry both IS1151 sequences and the tcp genes, which can mediate conjugative C. perfringens plasmid transfer. A dcm gene, which is often present near C. perfringens plasmid-borne toxin genes, was identified upstream of the cpb gene in many type C isolates. Overlapping PCR analyses suggested that the toxin-encoding plasmids of the surveyed type C isolates differ from the cpe plasmids of type A isolates. These findings provide new insight into plasmids of proven or potential importance for type C virulence.
Roller Type and Operating Speed Effects on Rye Termination Rates, Soil Moisture, and Yield of Sweet Corn in a No-till System (2012)

A field experiment was conducted in Cullman, AL, to evaluate the effects of three different rollers/crimpers on the termination of a rye ( Secale cereale L) winter cover crop, soil moisture, and yield of sweet corn ( Zea mays saccharata L.) in a no-till system. The following roller types were tested: a straight bar roller, a smooth roller with crimper, and a two-stage roller. These rollers were tested at operating speeds of 3.2 km·h −1 and 6.4 km·h −1 . The three rollers/crimpers were compared with a smooth drum roller (no crimping bars) plus glyphosate applied at rate 1.0 kg·ha −1 used as a control. Rye termination dates were selected to be 3 weeks before the recommended sweet corn planting date, which is in the beginning of May for this region. Data indicate that at 3 weeks after rolling for all seasons (2006–2008), 100% rye termination was reached with the smooth drum roller and glyphosate. Two weeks after rolling, average rye termination rates by rollers/crimpers alone were 54.6%, 30.0%, and 50.4% in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Three weeks after rolling, rye termination rates increased only by ≈10% compared with 2 weeks after rolling. These termination levels were below the recommended rate of 90% termination necessary for planting a cash crop into the cover residue. Lower rye termination was probably caused by rolling the rye in an early growth stage (flowering stage). The rollers’ operating speed did not influence rye termination rates. Similarly, roller type did not affect soil moisture during the first and second week after rolling. Applying glyphosate with rolling did not increase yield of sweet corn in any of the three growing seasons, and in 2006, sweet corn yield was lower compared with the roller alone treatments. These results are important to vegetable organic systems, in which use of herbicides is not allowed. No significant difference in sweet corn yield was found between operating speeds of 3.2 km·h −1 vs. 6.4 km·h −1 and between the assigned treatments in all growing seasons. However, significant differences in sweet corn yield were detected between the years, most likely as a result of different weather patterns. The lowest sweet corn yield of 3513 kg·ha −1 was reported in 2007 as a result of severe drought in spring and summer of 2007. The highest yield of 15,613 kg·ha −1 was recorded in 2006. In 2008, the yield was 10,158 kg·ha −1 . Although the different roller designs were not as effective in ending the rye cover crop compared with the glyphosate treatment, sweet corn yields were unaffected. Multiple rolling operations over the same area could be useful if greater rye termination levels are required without the use of a herbicide, but this recommendation should be tested experimentally in more detail.
Feasibility, repeatability, and safety of ultrasound-guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the alar foramen in horses (2016)

OBJECTIVE To develop and assess the feasibility, repeatability, and safety of an ultrasound-guided technique to stimulate the first cervical nerve (FCN) at the level of the alar foramen of the atlas of horses. ANIMALS 4 equine cadavers and 6 clinically normal Standardbreds. PROCEDURES In each cadaver, the FCN pathway was determined by dissection, and any anastomosis between the first and second cervical nerves was identified. Subsequently, each of 6 live horses underwent a bilateral ultrasound-guided stimulation of the FCN at the alar foramen 3 times at 3-week intervals. After each procedure, horses were examined daily for 5 days. RESULTS In each cadaver, the FCN passed through the alar foramen; a communicating branch between the FCN and the accessory nerve and anastomoses between the ventral branches of the FCN and second cervical nerve were identified. The anastomoses were located in the upper third of the FCN pathway between the wing of the atlas and the nerve's entry in the omohyoideus muscle. Successful ultrasound-guided electrical stimulation was confirmed by twitching of the ipsilateral omohyoideus muscle in all 6 live horses; this finding was observed bilaterally during each of the 3 experimental sessions. No complications developed at the site of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that ultrasound-guided stimulation of the FCN at the alar foramen appears to be a safe and straightforward procedure in horses. The procedure may have potential for use in horses with naturally occurring recurrent laryngeal neuropathy to assess reinnervation after FCN transplantation or nerve-muscle pedicle implantation in the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Three Component Coupling of Ketone, Cyclic Ether and Epoxide Using Aluminum Tris(2,6‐diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Paralyzes Neutrophil Actin‐Based Motility (2005)

Bacillus anthracis causes high-level bacteremia, strongly suggesting paralysis of the innate immune system. We have examined the effects of anthrax lethal toxin (LT) on human neutrophil chemotaxis, a process that requires actin filament assembly. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) treated with a sublethal concentration of LT (50 ng/mL) for 2 h demonstrated insignificant apoptosis or necrosis. However, this same concentration slowed human PMN formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated chemokinesis by >60%, markedly reduced polar morphology, and rendered PMNs incapable of responding to a chemotactic gradient. These changes were accompanied by a >50% reduction in FMLP-induced actin filament assembly. One hour of exposure to LT failed to impair polarity or actin assembly, and the effects of LT were independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibition. We conclude that 2 h of exposure to LT markedly impairs PMN actin assembly, and reductions in actin filament content are accompanied by a profound paralysis of PMN chemotaxis.
On a Class of Rearrangeable Switching Networks Part I: Control Algorithm (1971)

An algorithm is developed to control a class of rearrangeable switching networks, particularly with the base-2 structure. Various methods of implementing this algorithm are also described. System organization and processing time for rearranging the network are studied and are shown to be practical.