gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Note on High Aspect-Ratio SU-8 Micromechanical Structures Using Mask-Less Direct Laser Writing (2012)

We report high aspect-ratio micromechanical structures made of SU-8 polymer, which is a negative photoresist. Mask-less direct writing with 405 nm laser is used to pattern spin-cast SU-8 films of thickness of more than 600 um. As compared with X-ray lithography, which helps pattern material to give aspect ratios of 1:50 or higher, laser writing is a less expensive and more accessible alternative. In this work, aspect ratios up to 1:30 were obtained on narrow pillars and cantilever structures. Deep vertical patterning was achieved in multiple exposures of the surface with varying dosages given at periodic intervals of sufficient duration. It was found that a time lag between successive exposures at the same location helps the material recover from the transient changes that occur during exposure to the laser. This gives vertical sidewalls to the resulting structures. The time-lags and dosages were determined by conducting several trials. The micromechanical structures obtained with laser writing are compared with those obtained with traditional UV lithography as well as e-beam lithography. Laser writing gives not only high aspect ratios but also narrow gaps whereas e-beam can only give narrow gaps over very small depths. Unlike traditional UV lithography, laser writing does not need a mask. Furthermore, there is no adjustment for varying the dosage in traditional UV lithography. A drawback of this method compared to UV lithography is that the writing time increases. Some test structures as well as a compliant microgripper are fabricated.
Joint Compression, Channel Coding, and Retransmission for Data Fidelity With Energy Harvesting (2017)

We consider a monitoring application where sensors periodically report data to a common receiver using time division multiplexing. The sensors are constrained by the limited and unpredictable energy availability provided by energy harvesting (EH), and by the channel impairments. To maximize the quality of the reported data, the packets transmitted contain newly generated data blocks together with up to r -1 previously unsuccessfully delivered ones, where r is a design parameter. These data blocks are compressed, concatenated, and encoded with a channel code. The scheme applies lossy compression, such that the fidelity of the individual blocks is traded off with the reliability provided by the channel code. We show that the proposed strategy outperforms the one in which retransmissions are not allowed. We also investigate the tradeoff between the value of r, the compression and the coding rates, under the constraints of the energy availability, and, once r has been decided, use a Markov decision process (MDP) to optimize the compression/coding rates. Finally, we implement a reinforcement learning algorithm, through which devices can learn the optimal transmission policy without knowing a priori the statistics of the EH process, and show that it indeed reaches the performance obtained via MDP.
Predicting the Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Scaled-Down Replicas (2007)

Experimentation with mobile ad hoc network testbeds is preferred to simulations for performing high fidelity testing. But, at the same time, realistic experimentation with large-scale network testbeds is more difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. To side-step some of these problems several researchers, e.g. P. De et al. (2005), V. Naik et al. (2006), have recently suggested experimentation on scaled-down replicas and have managed to downscale some specific indoor network realizations with no mobility. However, the question of whether a scaled-down replica can reproduce the behavior of an arbitrary large-scale mobile ad hoc network, in a timely manner, and under realistic outdoor conditions, remains an interesting open problem. In this work we investigate ways of constructing suitably scaled-down replicas, both in space and time, that can predict the performance of large-scale mobile ad hoc networks with high accuracy. We consider both large- and small-scale fading effects. Further, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the scaling to be possible, and identify some of the issues that may arise in practice. Finally, we argue that it is not possible to build arbitrarily smaller replicas, and that the factor by which one scales down the original network (in space) depends on the carrier frequency.
Experimental demonstration of associative memory with memristive neural networks (2009)

Abstract When someone mentions the name of a known person we immediately recall her face and possibly many other traits. This is because we possess the so-called associative memory - the ability to correlate different memories to the same fact or event. Associative memory is such a fundamental and encompassing human ability (and not just human) that the network of neurons in our brain must perform it quite easily. The question is then whether electronic neural networks - electronic schemes that act somewhat similarly to human brains - can be built to perform this type of function. Although the field of neural networks has developed for many years, a key element, namely the synapses between adjacent neurons, has been lacking a satisfactory electronic representation. The reason for this is that a passive circuit element able to reproduce the synapse behaviour needs to remember its past dynamical history, store a continuous set of states, and be &amp;quot;plastic&amp;quot; according to the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuronal activity. Here we show that all this can be accomplished by a memory-resistor (memristor for short). In particular, by using simple and inexpensive off-the-shelf components we have built a memristor emulator which realizes all required synaptic properties. Most importantly, we have demonstrated experimentally the formation of associative memory in a simple neural network consisting of three electronic neurons connected by two memristor-emulator synapses. This experimental demonstration opens up new possibilities in the understanding of neural processes using memory devices, an important step forward to reproduce complex learning, adaptive and spontaneous behaviour with electronic neural networks.
Observation of Single Electron Tunneling and Ballistic Transport in Twin Silicon Nanowire MOSFETs (TSNWFETs) Fabricated by Top-Down CMOS Process (2006)

the authors report transport experiments on gate-all-around (GAA) TSNWFETs fabricated by top-down CMOS processes. The nanowire with 45 nm gate length exhibits single electron tunneling, and the total capacitance extracted from the measured data is in good agreement with the self-capacitance of an ideal cylinder. The nanowire with 125 nm gate length shows conductance quantization suggesting ballistic transport. The temperature dependence of the conductance steps is consistent with the crossover from classical to ballistic
One‐Pot, High‐Yielding Synthesis of Novel Dihydrothiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidinones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In-Situ Formation of Fe Nanoparticles from FeOOH Nanosheets on γ-Al2O3 as Efficient Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis (2017)

The preparation process of industrial Fe-based catalysts for ammonia synthesis involves energy-intense and sophisticated treatments. It is thus highly desirable to develop new catalysts with sufficient catalytic performance within smart and more economic approaches. Herein, γ-Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-supported FeOOH nanosheets are employed for the first time as ammonia synthesis catalysts. To monitor the potential of these new materials, unsupported FeOOH and Kpromoted catalysts are additionally investigated for comparison. While no activity is observed from the unsupported catalyst, the activity of γ-Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-supported catalysts shows an inverse relationship with respect to the amount of Fe. Upon correlation of the catalytic performance with the final state of catalysts, the activity is closely related to the particle size of metallic Fe. Higher activity and lower apparent activation energy can be reached for smaller nanoparticles that are likely to contain more step−kink structures serving as active sites. The best catalytic performance is obtained for a K-promoted catalyst which shows an activity about 18 times higher compared to that of the corresponding unpromoted one (at 425 °C). We conclude that, in addition to the nanostructured character of the Fe, the modifications of its electronic and surface structures induced by the Kpromoter are responsible for this enhanced activity.
Clazakizumab for the treatment of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplant recipients: Phase 3 IMAGINE study rationale and design (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03744910 . Registered on November 19, 2018.
Performance analysis of hierarchical mobile IPv6 in IP-based cellular networks (2004)

Next-generation wireless/mobile networks will be IP-based cellular networks integrating Internet with the existing cellular networks. Recently, hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) was proposed by the Internet engineering task force (IETF) for efficient mobility management. HMIPv6 reduces the amount of signaling and improves the performance of MIPv6 in terms of handover latency. Although HMIPv6 is an efficient scheme, the performance of wireless networks is highly dependent on various system parameters such as user mobility model, packet arrival pattern, etc. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the network performance when HMIPv6 is deployed in IP-based cellular networks. In this paper, we propose an analytic model for the performance analysis of HMIPv6 in IP-based cellular networks, which is based on the random walk mobility model. Based on this analytic model, we formulate location update cost and packet delivery cost. Then, we analyze the impact of cell residence time on the location update cost and the impact of user population on the packet delivery cost. Also, we investigate the variation in the total cost as the relative session size and the MAP domain size are changed. As a result, we present various analytical results in different environments.
Reconfigurable Codesign of STT-MRAM Under Process Variations in Deeply Scaled Technology (2015)

Recently, spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) has been considered as a promising universal memory candidate for future memory and computing systems, thanks to its nonvolatility, high speed, low power, good endurance, and scalability. However, as technology scales down, STT-MRAM suffers from serious process variations and thermal fluctuations, which greatly degrade the performance and stability of STT-MRAM. In general, the optimization and robustness of STT-MRAM under process variations often require a hybrid design flow and multilevel codesign strategies. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the impacts of process variations and thermal fluctuations on the STT-MRAM performances from physics, technology, and circuit design point of views. Based on the analyses, we found that readability is becoming the newest challenge for deeply scaled STT-MRAM due to the conflict between sensing margin and read disturbance. To deal with this problem, a novel reconfigurable design strategy from device, circuit, and architecture codesign perspective is then presented. Finally, a conceptual hybrid magnetic/CMOS design flow is also proposed for STT-MRAM in deeply scaled technology nodes.
Selection and Characterization of Rupintrivir-Resistant Norwalk Virus Replicon Cells In Vitro (2018)

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, yet despite its impact on society, vaccines and antivirals are currently lacking. A HuNoV replicon system has been widely applied to the evaluation of antiviral compounds and has thus accelerated the process of drug discovery against HuNoV infection. Rupintrivir, an irreversible inhibitor of the human rhinovirus 3C protease, has been reported to inhibit the replication of the Norwalk virus replicon via the inhibition of the norovirus protease. Here we report, for the first time, the generation of rupintrivir-resistant human Norwalk virus replicon cells <i>in vitro</i> Sequence analysis revealed that these replicon cells contained amino acid substitutions of alanine 105 to valine (A105V) and isoleucine 109 to valine (I109V) in the viral protease NS6. The application of a cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay for protease activity demonstrated that these substitutions were involved in the enhanced resistance to rupintrivir. Furthermore, we validated the effect of these mutations using reverse genetics in murine norovirus (MNV), demonstrating that a recombinant MNV strain with a single I109V substitution in the protease also showed reduced susceptibility to rupintrivir. In summary, using a combination of different approaches, we have demonstrated that, under the correct conditions, mutations in the norovirus protease that lead to the generation of resistant mutants can rapidly occur.
Laboratory Performance Specifications for a Bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis) and a Viral (Baculovirus heliothis) Insecticide23 (1977)

Journal Article Laboratory Performance Specifications for a Bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis) and a Viral (Baculovirus heliothis) Insecticide Get access David B. Smith, David B. Smith North Central Region, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Columbia, MO 65201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald L. Hostetter, Donald L. Hostetter North Central Region, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Columbia, MO 65201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carlo M. Ignoffo Carlo M. Ignoffo North Central Region, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Columbia, MO 65201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 70, Issue 4, 1 August 1977, Pages 437–441, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/70.4.437 Published: 01 August 1977 Article history Received: 22 October 1976 Published: 01 August 1977
Experimental and Simulation Study of the Solvent Effects on the Intrinsic Properties of Spherical Lignin Nanoparticles (2021)

Spherical lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) fabricated <i>via</i> nanoprecipitation of dissolved lignin are among the most attractive biomass-derived nanomaterials. Despite various studies exploring the methods to improve the uniformity of LNPs or seeking more application opportunities for LNPs, little attention has been given to the fundamental aspects of the solvent effects on the intrinsic properties of LNPs. In this study, we employed a variety of experimental techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the solvent effects on the intrinsic properties of LNPs. The LNPs were prepared from softwood Kraft lignin (SKL) using the binary solvents of aqueous acetone or aqueous tetrahydrofuran (THF) <i>via</i> nanoprecipitation. The internal morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties of the LNPs were analyzed with electron tomography (ET), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and intermodulation AFM (ImAFM). We found that aqueous acetone resulted in smaller LNPs with higher uniformity compared to aqueous THF, mainly ascribing to stronger solvent-lignin interactions as suggested by MD simulation results and confirmed with aqueous 1,4-dioxane (DXN) and aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). More importantly, we report that both LNPs were compact particles with relatively homogeneous density distribution and very low porosity in the internal structure. The stiffness of the particles was independent of the size, and the Young's modulus was in the range of 0.3-4 GPa. Overall, the fundamental understandings of LNPs gained in this study are essential for the design of LNPs with optimal performance in applications.
Jordan blocks and Gamow-Jordan eigenfunctions associated with a degeneracy of unbound states (2003)

An accidental degeneracy of unbound states gives rise to a double pole in the scattering matrix, a double zero in the Jost function, and a Jordan chain of length 2 of generalized Gamow-Jordan eigenfunctions of the radial Schr\"odinger equation. The generalized Gamow-Jordan eigenfunctions are basis elements of an expansion in bound- and resonant-state energy eigenfunctions plus a continuum of scattering wave functions of a complex wave number. In this biorthonormal basis, any operator ${f(H}_{r}^{(\mathcal{l})})$ which is a regular function of the Hamiltonian is represented by a complex matrix that is diagonal except for a Jordan block of rank 2. The occurrence of a double pole in the Green's function, as well as the non exponential time evolution of the Gamow-Jordan generalized eigenfunctions are associated with the Jordan block in the complex energy representation.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Arylglycine Derivatives by Cationic Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to N-tert-Butanesulfinyl Imino Esters (2007)

A cationic palladium-complex-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to N-tert-butanesulfinyl iminoacetates to yield the optically active arylglycine derivatives with moderate to good yield and high diastereoselectivity was developed. This reaction provides a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of arylglycine derivatives.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Phase I Trial of a Yeast-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (GI-6301) Targeting the Transcription Factor Brachyury (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Yeast-brachyury progression-free survival; chordoma patients only.&lt;/p&gt;
Design of the LOTOSPHERE Symbolic LOTOS Simulator (1990)

In this paper we give a brief status report on the new LOTOS simulator that is being developed in the ESPRIT LOTOSPHERE project. We discuss its functionality, first experiments with its use, and some discussion of the tool architecture and tool technology related to it. It should be noted that this tool is preliminary and not yet distributed. 1 Introduction The symbolic simulator SMILE is a tool for the exploration of the behaviour of full LOTOS IS8807 specifications. It has a number of features to distinguish itself from its predecessor HIPPO[vE89]. It is fully symbolic, it does better condition solving and it runs faster (4-8 times) in less space. 2 Basic Model SMILE is fully symbolic, which means that the behaviour that follows a certain event can be studied without instantiating the variables of the event. This makes it possible to study a symbolic trace, and observe e.g. that an event with a certain value is eventually followed by another event with that value, regardless of th...
Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations (2020)

Elite athletes are particularly susceptible to sleep inadequacies, characterised by habitual short sleep (<7 hours/night) and poor sleep quality (eg, sleep fragmentation). Athletic performance is reduced by a night or more without sleep, but the influence on performance of partial sleep restriction over 1-3 nights, a more real-world scenario, remains unclear. Studies investigating sleep in athletes often suffer from inadequate experimental control, a lack of females and questions concerning the validity of the chosen sleep assessment tools. Research only scratches the surface on how sleep influences athlete health. Studies in the wider population show that habitually sleeping <7 hours/night increases susceptibility to respiratory infection. Fortunately, much is known about the salient risk factors for sleep inadequacy in athletes, enabling targeted interventions. For example, athlete sleep is influenced by sport-specific factors (relating to training, travel and competition) and non-sport factors (eg, female gender, stress and anxiety). This expert consensus culminates with a sleep toolbox for practitioners (eg, covering sleep education and screening) to mitigate these risk factors and optimise athlete sleep. A one-size-fits-all approach to athlete sleep recommendations (eg, 7-9 hours/night) is unlikely ideal for health and performance. We recommend an individualised approach that should consider the athlete's perceived sleep needs. Research is needed into the benefits of napping and sleep extension (eg, banking sleep).
A Radio Frequency Sensor Array for Dielectric Constant Estimation of Multiphase Oil Flow in Pipelines (2017)

The measurement of the single phase portion in a multiphase flow is very important to oil and petrochemical industries. This paper presents a radio frequency (RF) sensor for dielectric constant estimation of two or three phase combinations of oil, water, and gas. The 28-port RF sensor was designed and optimized to operate at 250 MHz. Using the transmission coefficient of each RF sensor port, an equation was obtained for dielectric constant estimation by applying the least squares method. Three different static two phase combinations including oil-water, gas-water, gas-oil and three phase combination of oil-water-gas are experimentally validated with an average measured error percentages of 5.5%, 17.3%, 16% and 6.2%, respectively. A shake test for the three phase combination was performed to resemble an actual three phase flow and the average measured error was 9.3%. The proposed sensor can estimate two or three phase combinations of oil, water, and gas with an average error less than 10%. The proposed sensor is low cost, with low complexity and is the first to provide low error estimations to 2 or 3-phase static or dynamic flows.
Turning on Light Emission of a Dark Pro‐Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen in Aqueous Media Through Reductase‐Modulated Derotation (2021)

The development of dark pro‐aggregation‐induced‐emission luminogens (pro‐AIEgens) based on the solid‐state intramolecular motion–caused quenching effect has been rarely reported in biochemical analysis. Herein, an azo‐conjugated pro‐AIEgen derived from tetraphenylethene is constructed. Due to the active molecular motion of the azo bond, it retains a nonemissive property in both solution and solid forms. The obtained pro‐AIEgen can be internalized by living cells and undergo reductase‐modulated derotation under hypoxia to emit light. It shows increasing fluorescence when the intracellular oxygen concentration becomes lower, making it a potential probe to sense the hypoxic environment. The present probe can also visualize the hypoxic environment created by photodynamic therapy treatment.
SECOND GENERATION ADVANCED REBURNING FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY NOx CONTROL (1999)

This project is designed to develop a family of novel NO{sub x} control technologies, called Second Generation Advanced Reburning which has the potential to achieve 90+ NO{sub x} control in coal fired boilers at a significantly lower cost than Selective Catalytic Reduction. The eighth reporting period in Phase II (July 1--September 26, 1999) included combined chemistry-mixing modeling on advanced gas reburning and experimental activities in support of modeling. Modeling efforts focused on description of AR-Lean--combination of basic reburning and co-injection of N-agent with overfire air. Modeling suggests that efficiency of AR-Lean strongly depends on the amount of the reburning fuel, temperature of flue gas at the point of OFA/N-agent injection, and evaporation time of N-agent. The model describes the most important features of AR-Lean and can be used for AR-Lean optimization.