gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION IN YOUNG DAIRY CATTLE, USING SURVIVAL METHODS (1983)

The authors studied bovine leukemia virus infection in cattle born between July 1, 1979, and June 30, 1981, and followed up to 27 months in the University of Florida Dairy Research Unit herd, a 200-cow milking herd. Cattle were tested monthly for antibodies to the virus by agar-gel immunodiffusion with the glycoprotein-51 antigen. Of 473 live calves entering the study at birth, 54 became infected during the course of the study. Rates of detection of bovine leukemia virus infection were examined using survival methods. Plotted cumulative hazard rates revealed a nonlogarithmic survivorship function and three age-specific detection phases. These phases were 0-6 months, 7-16 months, and 17-26 months of age with estimated incidence rates of 5.25, 2.14, and 14.37 new detections per 10,000 cattle-days at risk, respectively. Significant differences were found between incidence rates of the first and second phase (p = 0.0168) and between those of the second and third phase (p less than 0.0001); corresponding relative risks were 0.41 and 6.71, respectively. The reduced incidence rate of the second phase coincided with movement of calves from a crowded calf barn to pastures. The increased incidence rate of the third phase coincided with mixing of bred heifers with bovine leukemia virus-infected dry cows. Increased incidence rates did not coincide with common-needle vaccination or artificial insemination. Evidence was not found for milk-borne infection. Age-specific detection rates were not associated with dam parity (p = 0.93), dam age (p = 0.79), breed (p = 0.60), or consumption of colostrum from cows infected with the virus (p = 0.23). However, detection rates were lower in cattle born to bovine leukemia virus-infected cows than in those born to noninfected cows (p = 0.03).
Predictive Control for Zonal Congestion Management of a Transmission Network (2021)

Nowadays power transmission networks need to face congestion problems casted on the form of control problems in the presence of uncertainty. Transmission system operators (TSOs) as the French one (RTE) want to avoid power overloads on the lines by focusing on optimal management of battery systems and, if necessary, renewable production curtailments. Target of the present paper is to use a model-based optimal control approach for managing the power flow in a sub-area of a transmission network by the utilisation of storage devices and partial curtailment of the renewable power. Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework is used to include power constraints validation from the design stage. A series of hypothesis are analysed and the principles of congestions management functioning are illustrated through simulations.
Improvement of light penetration in biological tissue using an ultrasound-induced heating tunnel (2020)

The major obstacles of optical imaging and photothermal therapy in biomedical applications is the strong scattering of light within biological tissues resulting in light defocusing and limited penetration. In this study, we propose high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-induced heating tunnel to reduce the photon scattering. To verify our idea, Monte Carlo simulation and intralipid-phantom experiments were conducted. The results show that the thermal effect created by HIFU could improve the light fluence at the targeted region by 3% in both simulation and phantom experiments. Owing to the fluence increase, similar results can also be found in the photoacoustic experiments. In conclusion, our proposed method shows a noninvasive way to increase the light delivery efficiency in turbid medium. It is expected that our finding has a potential for improving the focal light delivery in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.
An Estimation Method of Cross-Correlation Function using Spatio-Temporal Attenuation Model for Photovoltaic Generation Power Fluctuation Analysis (2015)

Power output fluctuation of high penetration renewable energy such as photovoltaic generation (PV) may cause negative impact on electric power systems. Accordingly, quantitative analysis of the fluctuation characteristics in consideration of smoothing effect of solar radiation intensity is necessary to accurately evaluate the negative impact. Estimation of a spatial and temporal cross-correlation function of the solar radiation intensity is inevitable for this analysis. Under this requirement, we propose a novel estimation method of the cross-correlation function. The proposed method allows, by using three pyranometers only, the accurate estimation of the cross-correlation function between any point and a point at which a pyranometer is installed. The accurate estimation is enabled by considering an anisotropic effect of wind directions in a “spatio-temporal attenuation model”. We confirmed the high accuracy of the proposed method by using practical data obtained from pyranometers installed in Sakai Solar Power Plant for its one year operation from January to December 2012.
Tecnologie didattiche e integrazione scolastica: qualche riflessione (1998)

Discussione dell’individualizzazione dell’insegnamento, che diventa, grazie agli strumenti tecnologici, piu' concretamente attuabile. Si intravedono nuovi spazi per il “recupero” di chi ha maggiori difficolta’ e si aprono nuovi canali di approfondimento per tutti.
On the theory of loss of coherency by spherical precipitates (1969)

Abstract Abstract An expression is derived for the equilibrium misfit of a spherical precipitate as a function of precipitate size. An expression is given for the critical precipitate radius beyond which it is energetically favourable for loss of coherency to occur. The effect of an externally applied stress on the above expressions is also considered. Experimental observations are compared with the theory and fair agreement is found.
A Case of Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in the Sphenoid and Ethmoid Sinuses (2003)

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign, chronic, slowly progressive bone disorder of unknown etiology characterized by replacement of normal bone by a variable amount of fibrous tissue and woven bone. The proportions of the fibrous tissue and osseous tissue vary occasionally even in the same bone. Depending on one or more bones affected, monostotic and polyostotic forms were defined and in a small percentage of cases the polyostotic form is associated with endocrine disturbances, such as McCune-Albright syndrome. Because the fibrous dysplasia has predilection for membranous bone such as femur and tibia, it’s origin in the enchondral bone such as sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinuses is very rare. Recently we experienced a case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. So the case will be discussed with literature review. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2003;14:144-147)
An ECL gate array with 2.5 GHz embedded PLL (2002)

Utilizing National Semiconductor's 0.8 /spl mu/m ABiC IV BiCMOS process, an ECL gate array with an embedded PLL has been developed specifically for communication applications, e.g., SONET and fiber channel interface. The PLL can be programmed up to 2.5 GHz. Together with 1400 ECL gates, the array can be used to implement either serial-to-parallel or parallel-to-serial conversion functions up to SONET STS-48 interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
NAD(P)+–NAD(P)H Models. 82. Effect of Magnesium Ion on the Stereospecificity and Conformations at the Ground and Transition States of the Reaction (1993)

Abstract Conformations of 3-[methyl(α-methylbenzyl)carbamoyl]-1,2,4-trimethyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline ((4R)-Me3MQPH) in the presence and absence of magnesium ion have been studied. The major conformation at the ground state of Me3MQPH changes largely when this molecule forms a complex with a magnesium ion. The conformations at the ground and transition states will be discussed in relation to the stereospecificity of the reaction of this compound with quinones.
Using performance fronts for parameter setting of stochastic metaheuristics (2009)

In this work, we explore the idea that parameter setting of stochastic metaheuristics should be considered as a multi-objective problem. The so-called "performance fronts" presented in this work are a collection of non-dominated parameters sets, satisfying both a speed and a precision objective. Experiments are conducted using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, in order to: (i) set a parameter of several continuous metaheuristics, and (ii) set parameters of an hybrid algorithm for temporal planning.
Deep Learning for steganalysis is better than a Rich Model with an Ensemble Classifier, and is natively robust to the cover source-mismatch. (2015)

Since the BOSS competition, in 2010, most steganalysis approaches use a learning methodology involving two steps: feature extraction, such as the Rich Models (RM), for the image representation, and use of the Ensemble Classifier (EC) for the learning step. In 2015, Qian et al. have shown that the use of a deep learning approach that jointly learns and computes the features, is very promising for the steganalysis. In this paper, we follow-up the study of Qian et al., and show that, due to intrinsic joint minimization, the results obtained from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) or a Fully Connected Neural Network (FNN), if well parameterized, surpass the conventional use of a RM with an EC. First, numerous experiments were conducted in order to find the best shape of the CNN. Second, experiments were carried out in the clairvoyant scenario in order to compare the CNN and FNN to an RM with an EC. The results show more than 16% reduction in the classification error with our CNN or FNN. Third, experiments were also performed in a cover-source mismatch setting. The results show that the CNN and FNN are naturally robust to the mismatch problem. In Addition to the experiments, we provide discussions on the internal mechanisms of a CNN, and weave links with some previously stated ideas, in order to understand the impressive results we obtained.
Thymosin β4 inhibits PDGF-BB induced activation, proliferation, and migration of human hepatic stellate cells via its actin-binding domain (2018)

These findings suggest that while 1-15aa has a minor effect on Akt phosphorylation, the anti-fibrogenic actions of Tβ4 are exerted via 17-23aa.
Hydrogen bonding in imidazolium salts and its implications for ambient-temperature halogenoaluminate(III) ionic liquids (1995)

The salts [emim]X (X = Br or I, emim = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) and [emim][AlBr4] have been prepared as solid-state models of the [emim]X–AlX3(X = Cl or Br) ionic liquid systems. All three have been characterised crystallographically. The salts [emim]X (X = Br or I) are isomorphous and are composed of ions in an extended hydrogen-bonded network. The implications of these results for both the structure and solvent properties of the ionic liquids are discussed.
Ultrastructure of cholinergic synaptic terminals in the thalamic anteroventral, ventroposterior, and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei of the rat (1990)

The principal relay nuclei of the thalamus receive their cholinergic innervation from two midbrain cholinergic groups: the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The different thalamic nuclei exhibit populations of cholinergic axons which vary in density and morphology when examined at the light microscopic level. However, the ultrastructure of the cholinergic terminals in different thalamic nuclei has not been described. This study was undertaken to confirm that synaptic contacts are formed by cholinergic axons in several principal thalamic relay nuclei, to describe their ultrastructural morphology, and to identify the types of postsynaptic elements contacted by cholinergic synaptic terminals. The thalamic nuclei examined in this study are the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, ventroposteromedial nucleus, ventroposterolateral nucleus, and anteroventral nucleus. Our results confirm that cholinergic axons form synaptic terminals in these thalamic nuclei. Cholinergic synaptic terminals contact structures outside the characteristic synaptic glomeruli, are never postsynaptic, and have morphologies and postsynaptic targets which differ among the thalamic nuclei. In the ventroposterior nuclei, cholinergic terminals form asymmetric synaptic contacts onto larger dendrites in the extraglomerular neuropil. In the anteroventral nucleus, cholinergic terminals form both symmetric and asymmetric synaptic contacts onto dendrites and somata. Cholinergic terminals in the anteroventral nucleus are larger than those in other nuclei. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, cholinergic terminals contact both somata and dendrites in the extraglomerular neuropil, but the synaptic contacts in this nucleus are symmetric in morphology.
Comb-like supercontinuum generated by dual-pulse filamentation in air (2013)

Comb-like supercontinuum generation is investigated with dual-pulse filamentation in air. The period of spectral fringes varies with the time delay between collinearly propagating pulses. The comb-like supercontinuum may be a potential tool for optical remote sensing.
A bartering approach to improve multiagent learning (2002)

Multiagent systems offer a new paradigm to organize AI Applications. We focus on the application of Case-Based Reasoning to Multiagent systems. CBR offers the individual agents the capability of autonomously learn from experience. In this paper we present a framework for collaboration among agents that use CBR. We present explicit strategies for case bartering that address the issue of agents having a biased view of the data. The outcome of bartering is an improvement of individual agent performance and of overall multiagent system performance that equals the ideal situation where all agents have an unbiased view of the data. We also present empirical results illustrating the robustness of the case bartering process for several configurations of the multiagent system and for three different CBR techniques.
Fluorogenic metabolic probes for direct activity readout of redox enzymes: Selective measurement of human AKR1C2 in living cells (2006)

The current arsenal of tools and methods for the continuous monitoring and imaging of redox metabolic pathways in the context of intact cells is limited. Fluorogenic substrates allow for direct measurement of enzyme activity in situ; however, in contrast to proteases and exo-glycosidases, there are no simple guidelines for the design of selective probes for redox metabolic enzymes. Here, we introduce redox probe 1 and demonstrate its high selectivity in living cells for human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. AKR1C isoforms perform multiple functions among which the metabolism of potent steroid hormones is well documented. Moreover, expression of these enzymes is responsive to cellular stress and pathogenesis, including cancer. Our probe design is based on redox-sensitive optical switches, which couple a ketone-alcohol redox event to a profound change in fluorescence. The high selectivity of phenyl ketone 1 for AKR1C2 over the many endogenous reductases present in mammalian cells was established by a quantitative comparison of the metabolic rates between null control cells (COS-1) and AKR1C2-transfected cells. Phenyl ketone 1 is a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe that permits a direct, real-time, and operationally simple readout of AKR1C2 enzyme activity in intact mammalian cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that probe 1 enables the quantitative examination of physiological substrate 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone ("dark substrate") in situ by means of a two-substrate competitive assay. Similarly, inhibitor potency of physiological (ursodeoxycholate) and synthetic inhibitors (flufenamic acid, ibuprofen, and naproxen) was also readily evaluated.
Continuous variable entanglement between frequency modes (2006)

Abstract The pairwise production of photons in nonlinear optical processes ensures entanglement to occur between two photons. E.g. when the Kerr effect is exploited, the photons are produced in different frequency modes, which are symmetric with respect to the pump frequency. Since these photons are produced into the same spatial mode, the quadrature entanglement can be witnessed only by the use of a frequency selective device which transforms the adjacent frequency modes into two different spatial modes. We use a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer with a large path length difference to separate symmetric frequency modes located 10.25 MHz from the carrier. We measure correlations of the quadrature components of 1.6 ± 0.1dB below the shot noise in the amplitude and 1.4 ± 0.1dB in the phase.
Distributed algorithm for two-dimensional global climate modeling (2002)

The importance of global climate modeling for long-term studies of global warming and ozone depletion is the focus of the DOE CHAMMP program (1990). We have developed a model and distributed algorithm for 2D climate modeling which includes ocean intermediate/deep layer dynamics, coupled atmosphere/biosphere hydrology and velocity interactions, and variable lapse rates. This algorithm allows the testing of new sub-models, without the computational overhead and possible poor spatial resolution entailed in a full 3D global climate model (GCM) study. The results of some performance and scaling experiments with the 2D climate model on the Intel Paragon at the University of South Carolina using ParaSoft Express are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Congestion and performance driven full-chip scalable routing framework (2005)

Timing is one of the emerging issues in deep sub-micrometer technology which has great influence on the circuit performance. This paper presents a novel full-chip scalable routing framework, which considers the routing congestion and the circuit performance simultaneously. The framework features the fast pattern and framed shortest path global router and a maze-based congestion-driven detailed router. We also introduce a criticality-driven least flexibility prior net ordering technique which assigns timing-critical nets higher priority for performance concern. Then nets are routed one by one according to their priorities and the routing resource is updated immediately after each routing, which results in very accurate resource estimation. We have tested our routing framework on a set of commonly used benchmark circuits and compared the results with a previous multilevel routing framework. The experimental results are very promising
Constrained non-rigid registration using Lagrange multipliers for application in prostate radiotherapy (2010)

This paper presents a novel free-form deformation registration algorithm with non-rigid constraints to capture the transformation between the planning day and treatment day CT images used for external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The non-rigid registration is constrained to the predetermined motion of segmented soft tissues, and the constrained optimization problem is solved by the method of Lagrange multipliers. The ultimate goal is for the nonrigid transformation to be used to update the radiotherapy plan to take into account soft tissue deformation. The performance of this hard-constrained nonrigid registration (H-CNRR) algorithm has been compared to those achieved using rigid, fully non-rigid, and soft-constrained nonrigid registration (S-CNRR). The results clearly indicate that this Lagrange multipliers based hard-constrained nonrigid registration algorithm presented in this paper performed better at capturing the motion of the constrained organs.
Effect of Grain Shape on Abnormal Grain Growth in Liquid‐Phase‐Sintered Nb 1− x Ti x C–Co Alloys (2002)

The effect of titanium substitution for niobium on the grain shape change, grain growth inhibition, and abnormal grain growth during liquid‐phase sintering of Nb 1− x Ti x C–Co alloy was studied. With increased titanium substitution, the shape of the Nb 1− x Ti x C grains in the liquid cobalt matrix was changed from a cube with round corners to a cube with angular corners, which implied increased edge energy. As the grain corners became more angular, the grain growth became markedly inhibited, and abnormal grain growth occurred. The results could be best explained by the increased edge energy of the interface of the Nb 1− x Ti x C grains, which increased the barrier for the growth by two‐dimensional nucleation.
Different strategies towards the deterministic coupling of a single Quantum Dot to a photonic crystal cavity mode (2011)

In this work we show two different procedures of fabrication aiming towards the systematic positioning of single InAs quantum dots (QDs) coupled to a GaAs photonic crystal (PC) microcavity. The two approaches are based on the molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of site-controlled QDs (SCQDs) on pre-patterned structures. The PC microcavity (PCM) is introduced previous or after the growth, on each case. We demonstrate the InAs SCQD nucleation on pre-patterned PCMs and a method to perform the QD nucleation respect to an etched ruler that is used to position the PC structure after growth. For both types of structures, we have carried out microphotoluminescence (μPL) spectroscopy experiments at 80 K and 4 K.
Metal Ion-dependent Effects of Clioquinol on the Fibril Growth of an Amyloid β Peptide (2005)

Although metal ions such as Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(3+) are implicated to play a key role in Alzheimer disease, their role is rather complex, and comprehensive understanding is not yet obtained. We show that Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) but not Fe(3+) renders the amyloid beta peptide, Abeta(1-40), nonfibrillogenic in nature. However, preformed fibrils of Abeta(1-40) were stable when treated with these metal ions. Consequently, fibril growth of Abeta(1-40) could be switched on/off by switching the molecule between its apo- and holo-forms. Clioquinol, a potential drug for Alzheimer disease, induced resumption of the Cu(2+)-suppressed but not the Zn(2+)-suppressed fibril growth of Abeta(1-40). The observed synergistic effect of clioquinol and Zn(2+) suggests that Zn(2+)-clioquinol complex effectively retards fibril growth. Thus, clioquinol has dual effects; although it disaggregates the metal ion-induced aggregates of Abeta(1-40) through metal chelation, it further retards the fibril growth along with Zn(2+). These results indicate the mechanism of metal ions in suppressing Abeta amyloid formation, as well as providing information toward the use of metal ion chelators, particularly clioquinol, as potential drugs for Alzheimer disease.
Effect of Cylindrical Function on Measurment of Space Charge Distribution in Coaxial Cable Insulator using PEA Method (1999)

When the space charge distribution in coaxial cable insulator is measured using pulsed electric-acoustic (PEA) method, it is necessary to consider the cable geometry such as inner and outer radii. In PEA method, amplitude of acoustic waves generated by applied pulse voltage depends on the pulse electric field distribution which is not constant in the cable insulator. Furtheremore, since the generated acoustic waves radiate from the generated positions, the amplitude of the signal acoustic wave depends on the propagation distance to the detecting piezo sensor. Therefore, the effect of electric field distribution in cable insulator and distance of propagation must be considerd. However, the signal obtained from the cable insulator measurement is usually processed as same as the signal of plate sample. In this paper, difference between the space charge distribution obtained with and without considering a cylindrical function are simulated in the various geometry of cable insulator.
Malignancy following ureterosigmoidostomy in patients with exstrophy (1991)

Forty-two patients with exstrophy underwent a urothelial colonic anastomosis. Eight developed a tumour at the ureterocolic anastomosis and in another two patients a malignant lesion occurred in the bladder remnant.