gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric Schottky Barrier MOSFET as Analog Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing (2022)

In this paper, artificial synapses based on ferroelectric Schottky barrier MOSFETs (FE-SBFETs) are presented. The FE-SBFETs are fabricated with Si doped Hf02 ferroelectric layers scaling down to a gate length of 40 nm and using single crystalline NiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> contacts on siliconon-insulator (SOI) substrates. The ferroelectric polarization switching dynamics gradually modulate the Schottky barriers, thus programming the device conductance by applying stimulus on the gate to imitate the short- and long-term plasticity of biological synapse, including excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current (EPSC/IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) behaviors. Based on a multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks, a high recognition accuracy (83.6%) is achieved for handwritten digits. These findings demonstrate FE-SBFET has high potential as an ideal synaptic component for the future intelligent neuromorphic network.
Human-like driving behaviour emerges from a risk-based driver model (2020)

Current driving behaviour models are designed for specific scenarios, such as curve driving, obstacle avoidance, car-following, or overtaking. However, humans can drive in diverse scenarios. Can we find an underlying principle from which driving behaviour in different scenarios emerges? We propose the Driver's Risk Field (DRF), a two-dimensional field that represents the driver's belief about the probability of an event occurring. The DRF, when multiplied with the consequence of the event, provides an estimate of the driver's perceived risk. Through human-in-the-loop and computer simulations, we show that human-like driving behaviour emerges when the DRF is coupled to a controller that maintains the perceived risk below a threshold-level. The DRF model predictions concur with driving behaviour reported in literature for seven different scenarios (curve radii, lane widths, obstacle avoidance, roadside furniture, car-following, overtaking, oncoming traffic). We conclude that our generalizable DRF model is scientifically satisfying and has applications in automated vehicles.
Problems (1977)

W. C. Waterhouse, Michael Capobianco, Daniel B. Shapiro, Leon Gerber, Norman Schaumberger, Edward T. H. Wang, Charles L. Hamberg, Thomas M. Green, Richard A. Gibbs, Miller Puckette, Steven Tschantz, David J. Sprows, L. Carlitz, J. C. Binz, Mike Chamberlain, John Hawkins, Danny Goldstein, Heiko Harborth, Peter Ungar, Eli Leon Isaacson, Steven Jordan, Joseph Silverman, Roy DeMeo, Jr., Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 5 (Nov., 1977), pp. 265-271
Fiber Optic Strain Sensing at the Sand Face Enables Real-Time Flow Monitoring and Compaction Mitigation in Openhole Applications (2011)

Abstract Subsurface stresses can cause formation faults, slippage, and reservoir compaction, which can damage or permanently shut in a well. Traditional means of detecting these failures are limited and usually require moving a costly rig onto locations, and then interrupting production to re-enter the well. This results in late detection of issues and allows limited counteractive options. A new system has been developed to actively monitor strain and temperature of wells. The system consists of three key enabling technologies: A fiber optic support device deployed at the sand face, a cost effective high-flow liner system that protects the instrumentation in openhole applications, and two optical wet connects for up to 12 channels. The fiber optic support device provides a means of holding a helically wrapped optic fiber rigidly in place at the sand face. This new technology can be installed over traditional sand screens in gravel pack or frac pack applications, with no negative impact on the sand control functionality of the screens, or the quality of the pack. The installed fiber optic provides the equivalent of a strain gauge positioned every centimeter along the length of the producing zone. For openhole applications, a high-flow liner system was developed to protect the fiber optic support device, and the control lines. This system includes a special quick connect that simplifies the on-rig assembly and allows torque transmission in an openhole deployment. The final key to this system is the two 6-channel optical wet connects, allowing a total of 12 connected channels. This game changing technology provides an information conduit between the fiber optic at the sand face and operators at the surface. The same wet connect can also be used to connect more traditional means of measurements such as pressure-temperature gauges, or distributive temperature sensing (DTS). The information relayed through this system allows the operator to infer flow and detect subsidence or compaction of the sand face before the well is compromised, allowing time to plan and execute mitigative actions. This paper will discuss the design, testing, and potential applications of this new system.
Superconductivity of barium-VI synthesized via compression at low temperatures (2017)

Using a membrane-driven diamond anvil cell and both ac magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements, we have characterized the superconducting phase diagram of elemental barium to pressures as high as 65 GPa. We have determined the superconducting properties of the recently discovered Ba-VI crystal structure, which can only be accessed via the application of pressure at low temperature. We find that Ba-VI exhibits a maximum ${T}_{c}$ near 8 K, which is substantially higher than the maximum ${T}_{c}$ found when pressure is applied at room temperature. We discuss our results in terms of the implications for pressure-induced superconductivity in other elements exhibiting complex/modulated structures at high pressure. Finally, we highlight the potential of cryogenic compression to reveal additional richness in previously explored high-pressure phase diagrams.
Dataset Inference: Ownership Resolution in Machine Learning (2021)

With increasingly more data and computation involved in their training, machine learning models constitute valuable intellectual property. This has spurred interest in model stealing, which is made more practical by advances in learning with partial, little, or no supervision. Existing defenses focus on inserting unique watermarks in a model's decision surface, but this is insufficient: the watermarks are not sampled from the training distribution and thus are not always preserved during model stealing. In this paper, we make the key observation that knowledge contained in the stolen model's training set is what is common to all stolen copies. The adversary's goal, irrespective of the attack employed, is always to extract this knowledge or its by-products. This gives the original model's owner a strong advantage over the adversary: model owners have access to the original training data. We thus introduce $dataset$ $inference$, the process of identifying whether a suspected model copy has private knowledge from the original model's dataset, as a defense against model stealing. We develop an approach for dataset inference that combines statistical testing with the ability to estimate the distance of multiple data points to the decision boundary. Our experiments on CIFAR10, SVHN, CIFAR100 and ImageNet show that model owners can claim with confidence greater than 99% that their model (or dataset as a matter of fact) was stolen, despite only exposing 50 of the stolen model's training points. Dataset inference defends against state-of-the-art attacks even when the adversary is adaptive. Unlike prior work, it does not require retraining or overfitting the defended model.
‘Writing separately’ (2017)

This article examines the practical side of writing dissents and concurring reasons. The author, the chief justice of an appellate court, offers his thoughts about a variety of issues including why dissents are so uncommon, how a judge decides whether to write a dissent or concurrence, the differences between dissents and concurrences, and what makes a compelling dissent.
613 Squeal Phenomena of a Bicycle Disk Brake (2004)

Analyzing the occurrence mechanism of the squeal phenomena in Bicycle Disk Brakes, it became cleared that a rotor vibrates in the direction of in-plane under in squeal, and squeal phenomena are self-excited vibration caused by frictional characteristics with negative slope with respect to the relative velocity generated in the vibration system. This paper deals experimentally with the difference of squeal phenomena between in the initial model and in the new model. This system is easy to generate the squeal because there is a certain internal resonance relationship between the out-of-plane and in-plane coupled natural frequencies.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Cephalotaxine and (−)‐Homoharringtonine via Furan Oxidation–Transannular Mannich Cyclization (2019)

Abstract Homoharringtonine and its congener cephalotaxine were synthesized. Oxidative ring‐opening of a furan unveils an amine‐tethered dicarbonyl, which undergoes spontaneous transannular Mannich cyclization. The cascade builds the full cephalotaxine substructure in a single operation in 60 % yield. A Noyori reduction enabled synthesis of the title compounds with excellent enantioselectivity ( k rel =278).
Method of detecting the presence of speech in a telephone signal and speech detector implementing said method (1988)

First Page
The handbook of naturally occurring insecticidal toxins (2016)

<title>Abstract</title> This handbook comprises seven chapters that deal specifically, as far as possible, with various aspects of insect toxins. Chapter 1 introduces the subject with an emphasis on definitions and the role of toxins as a whole. Avoidance of allelochemicals on the basis of their toxicity is an outcome of interactions at various physiological levels, and chapter 2 discusses the concepts and mechanisms involved in the process. In relation to the response of insects to these chemicals, evaluation is important, and so various bioassay procedures have been developed. These are discussed in chapter 3 and are both generalist as well as species specific. A critical examination of functional groups present in the active molecules provides crucial information about the optimal relative stereochemistry required to induce the toxic action in insects. This is the main aim of chapter 4, where sufficient structure-activity information is generalized within specific skeletal systems to allow rational modification of readily available toxic compounds into potential insect control agents. Whether such toxins are specific to insect pests or if they have any impact on natural enemies is also important in developing any insecticidal product. Thus, chapter 5 deals with the impact of such compounds on natural enemies that could help in the development of a potential commercial product. Are any such commercial products available and, if so, how far have they made an impact in the conventional chemical insecticide-dominated market? This important aspect is dealt with comprehensively in chapter 6. The last chapter, chapter 7, is based on the bioefficacy of plant materials and is divided into two sections: Section A, which considers the bioefficacy of isolated compounds; and Section B, which covers the bioefficacy of extracts, oils and mixtures.
ThreadMon: a tool for monitoring multithreaded program performance (2002)

This paper describes ThreadMon, a monitoring tool for improving the performance of multithreaded programs, and how we have used it to examine various aspects of the many-to-many (or two-level) threads implementation model. We run unmodified binary subject code, insert software probes to collect data, and analyze and present the results in real time on another machine. We show that the behavior of multithreaded programs, particularly those running on multiprocessors, often defies intuition when the many-to-many threads implementation model is used.
Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Late Cretaceous basins into Veslemøy High, SW Barents Sea (2018)

The Veslemøy High is located in the southwestern sector of the Barents Sea and its geological evolution is strictly linked to the geodynamic development of the Norwegian region. The tectonic evolution of the Veslemøy High and several other structural elements of the Barents Sea remains poorly understood mostly because of a general lack of stratigraphic control, high-quality data and the complexinterplay of geodynamic episodes, which has prevented the structures and ages of several stratigraphic units to be correctly constrained. This study used 3-D and 2-D seismic reflection data, integrated with well data to reconstruct the geological history of the Veslemøy High area. The methods here used include seismic interpretation of several horizons and faults, seismic-well data calibration (well 7219/8-1S) and well data (7216/11-1S; 7218/11-1; 7218/8-1; 7219/8-1S). Such an investigation led to the definition of several compressional and extensional tectonic phases, which affected the area most especially in pre-Cenozoic time. The oldest compressional phase here documented is Late Cretaceous and is marked by large-scale anticlines and synclines (about 10 km wavelength). Following this tectonic phase, the study area was affected by a system of mainly west dipping normalfaults, creating several half graben structures. In some cases, these grabens display evidences of slight positive inversion. Analysis of the Late Cretaceous sequence provides interesting markers of sediments infilling patterns, erosional surfaces, uplift, tilting, faulting, extensional and contractional structures. All these structures point to a complex interplay of Pre-, Syn- and Post-Late Cretaceous tectonicactivities. Importantly, the Lower Regional Unconformity (LRU), Upper Regional Unconformity (URU), stratigraphic terminations, and faults are significant tectonic markers in the Veslemøy High area and in surrounding basins. Tectonic structures documented here are characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological framework of the NE Atlantic margin.
Modeling Multilayer Gas Reservoirs Including Sorption Effects (1994)

ABSTRACT Many coalbed methane reservoirs and Devonian shale reservoirs are naturally fractured with part of the gas adsorbed in the low permeability matrix. The adsorption mechanism is controlled by reservoir pressure; during the depletion of the reservoirs, the adsorbed gas in the matrix is released as free gas flowing from the matrix to the fractures and then to the w'ellbore. In addition, these reservoirs are frequent layered. This paper presents an approximate analytical model for modeling commingled (multilayer) gas reservoir with sorption effects. Our work shows that this model can be developed based on an analytical model developed for slightly compressible liquid commingled systems. To take into account the nonlinearity of the total gas reservoir system, each layer has to be treated as a nonlinear system individually and combine all the individual single-layer solutions with the boundary condition at the wellbore. For this reason, we applied pseudopressure and pseudotime concepts in each layer. The pseudotime definitions take into account the nonlinearity coursed by both the pressure-dependent gas properties and the sorption effects in each layer, both of which we assume to be controlled by average pressure within the layer. We used a numerical simulator to verify our model. The results show that our model agrees well with the numerical simulator.
Long-term efficacy, safety and tolerability of Remoxy for the management of chronic pain (2015)

Historically, chronic pain generally went under-treated for a variety of objective and subjective reasons, including difficulty to objectively diagnose and manage over a long period of time, potential serious adverse effects of commonly available medications, and patient, healthcare and societal concerns over opioid medications. More recently, in an effort to redress the under-treatment of pain, the number of prescriptions of opioid analgesics has risen dramatically. However, paralleling the increased legitimate use has been a concomitant increase in opioid abuse, misuse and diversion. Pharmaceutical companies have responded by developing a variety of opioid formulations designed to deter abuse by making the products more difficult to tamper with. One such product is Remoxy(®), an extended-release formulation of the strong opioid oxycodone. We review the efficacy, safety and tolerability of this formulation based on the available published literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Trifluoroisopropenylzinc Reagent with Vinyl Halides. A Novel Stereospecific Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated 1,3‐Dienes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Precision Calibration of 1-Inch Standard Condenser Microphone by Reciprocity Technique (1989)

The calibration of 1 inch standard condenser microphone is done by the reciprocity calibration method. There are two kinds of reciprocity calibration, free-field calibration and pressure calibration. The pressure sensitivities of the three 1 inch condenser microphones are determined by pressure calibration. The accuracy of the pressure sensitivity of the microphone depends on the accuracies of the voltage and dimension measurements as well as the various corrections for the coupler. If the individual accuracies for the measurements and corrections are achieved, it is estimated that the over-all accuracy is approximately 0.05dB at low and middle frequencies decreasing to about 0.ldB over 10kHz.
AN APPROACH TO RELATE LABORATORY AND FIELD MODULI OF BASE MATERIALS (1996)

The main objective of this report is to combine the resilient moduli from laboratory testing of base materials with those obtained in the field using nondestructive testing devices. Laboratory tests were carried out in two stages. First, virgin materials from the quarry compacted to optimum moisture content were tested. In the second stage, similar base materials were retrieved from in-service roads. Specimens were prepared and tested at the corresponding field densities and moisture contents. Nondestructive tests were performed with the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and the Seismic Pavement Analyzer. It was found that it may be difficult to directly compare moduli from laboratory and field tests. A methodology was proposed that can be used to combine these parameters in pavement design. The proposed methodology should be validated and modified using field tests. Results from accelerated pavement tests should be particularly valuable.
Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Chemometrics (2010)

Using formal descriptions, graphical illustrations, practical examples, and R software tools, Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Chemometrics presents simple yet thorough explanations of the most important multivariate statistical methods for analyzing chemical data. It includes discussions of various statistical methods, such as
GH Therapy and first final height data in Noonan‐like syndrome with loose anagen hair (Mazzanti syndrome) (2013)

Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH or Mazzanti Syndrome) is caused by a single missense mutation in SHOC2 promoting tN-myristoylation of the encoded protein. Cardinal features include facial features resembling NS, short stature often associated with proven growth hormone deficiency (GHD), typical ectodermal anomalies, and distinctive behavior. Overall, the clinical features are more severe than those generally observed in NS, even though the phenotype improves with age. We report on growth and pubertal trend in seven patients heterozygous for a mutated SHOC2 allele, treated with long-term GH-therapy, and final height (FH) in three of them. They were approximately -3 SDS below the Italian general population standards, they had very low IGF1 levels at baseline and GHD at pharmacological tests. All patients were treated with GH (0.035 mg/kg/day) for a mean period of 8.49 ± 5.72 years. After the 1st year of GH-therapy, IGF1 level and height velocity had increased. Three of 7 patients reached the FH (-2.34 ± 0.12 SDS) at 18.25 ± 0.73 years, after GH administration for 12.39 ± 2.12 years. Pubertal development was variable, showing a prolonged and delayed puberty or rapid pubertal progression that could impair the FH. Overall, our data in this small cohort suggest that NS/LAH patients benefit from long-term GH-therapy, although they do not show the characteristic catch-up growth of isolated GHD. While the observed growth and pubertal behavior is consistent with a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the functional link between SHOC2 and the GH/IGF signaling pathways remains to be clarified.
APEx: Accuracy-Aware Differentially Private Data Exploration (2017)

Organizations are increasingly interested in allowing external data scientists to explore their sensitive datasets. Due to the popularity of differential privacy, data owners want the data exploration to ensure provable privacy guarantees. However, current systems for answering queries with differential privacy place an inordinate burden on the data analysts to understand differential privacy, manage their privacy budget, and even implement new algorithms for noisy query answering. Moreover, current systems do not provide any guarantees to the data analyst on the quality they care about, namely accuracy of query answers. We present APEx, a novel system that allows data analysts to pose adaptively chosen sequences of queries along with required accuracy bounds. By translating queries and accuracy bounds into differentially private algorithms with the least privacy loss, APEx returns query answers to the data analyst that meet the accuracy bounds, and proves to the data owner that the entire data exploration process is differentially private. Our comprehensive experimental study on real datasets demonstrates that APEx can answer a variety of queries accurately with moderate to small privacy loss, and can support data exploration for entity resolution with high accuracy under reasonable privacy settings.
OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND OPERATOR MANAGEMENT TO ENABLE THE USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (UAS) AS GEOMATICS TOOLS (2021)

Potential civil applications of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, have risen steeply duringthe last decade, mainly due to their versatility and capability of spatial data gathering. Nonetheless, real use of UAS isquite restricted nowadays, primarily due to safety and regulatory constraints. This multidisciplinary project aims to performspecific safety assessments using the SORA methodology adopted by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) anddevelop documentation and procedures for operators to follow, complying with all required safety and regulatoryrequirements. As a result, DEURPAS-UPV is the first Spanish drone operator belonging to a university to be authorizedby Spanish civil aviation agency (AESA-Agencia Estatal de Seguridad Aérea), to perform drone flights in urban areas, incontrolled airspace and during the night. In addition, DEURPAS-UPV has performed the first authorized experimentaltransport operations using drones in Spain. The results from safety assessment and designed procedures have beensuccessfully applied to the operation of Safety and Emergency service providers, such as Valencia Local Police Corps andthe Valencian Emergency and Safety Response Agency (AVSRE - Agencia Valenciana de Seguridad y Respuesta a lasEmergencias). Overall, this project has served as an enabler for more complex and safer UAS operations, from theoperator’s point of view, which will help break the barriers related to the use of these aircraft, with huge potential ingeomatics applications.