gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of Dictionary Entries from Translation Equivalents for Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from Bilingual Corpora (2006)

機械翻訳システムの翻訳品質を改善するためなどに必要な語彙知識を獲得するためには, 対訳コーパスにおいて二言語の表現を正しく対応付ける処理と, 対応付けられた表現対を辞書に登録するか否かを判定する選別処理の二つが必要である.従来, 対応付けに関する研究は数多く行なわれてきたが, 辞書登録候補の選別に関する研究はほとんど行なわれていない.本稿では, 従来あまり扱われてこなかった選別問題を採り上げ, この問題を機械学習によって解く方法を示す.学習に用いる素性として, 二つの表現の間で異なる部分と両者に共通する部分に着目し, 差分部分や共通部分を表現する手段として, 表記 (文字, 形態素), 品詞, 概念識別子を用いる.評価実験の結果, 最も高い選別性能 (F値) を示す表現方法は文字であることが明らかになった.
Physical rehabilitation for critical illness myopathy and neuropathy (2014)

BACKGROUND:<br/>Intensive care unit (ICU) acquired or generalised weakness due to critical illness myopathy (CIM) and polyneuropathy (CIP) are major causes of chronically impaired motor function that can affect activities of daily living and quality of life. Physical rehabilitation of those affected might help to improve activities of daily living.<br/><br/>OBJECTIVES:<br/>Our primary objective was to assess the effects of physical rehabilitation therapies and interventions for people with CIP and CIM in improving activities of daily living such as walking, bathing, dressing and eating. Secondary objectives were to assess effects on muscle strength and quality of life, and to assess adverse effects of physical rehabilitation.<br/><br/>SEARCH METHODS:<br/>On 16 July 2014 we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register and on 14 July 2014 we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL Plus. In July 2014, we searched the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro, http://www.pedro.org.au/) and three trials registries for ongoing trials and further data about included studies. There were no language restrictions. We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings and screened reference lists to identify further trials.<br/><br/>SELECTION CRITERIA:<br/>We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs and randomised controlled cross-over trials of any rehabilitation intervention in people with acquired weakness syndrome due to CIP/CIM.<br/><br/>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:<br/>We would have extracted data, assessed the risk of bias and classified the quality of evidence for outcomes in duplicate, according to the standard procedures of The Cochrane Collaboration. Outcome data collection would have been for activities of daily living (for example, mobility, walking, transfers and self care). Secondary outcomes included muscle strength, quality of life and adverse events.<br/><br/>MAIN RESULTS:<br/>The search strategy retrieved 3587 references. After examination of titles and abstracts, we retrieved the full text of 24 potentially relevant studies. None of these studies met the inclusion criteria of our review. No data were suitable to be included in a meta-analysis.<br/><br/>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:<br/>There are no published RCTs or quasi-RCTs that examine whether physical rehabilitation interventions improve activities of daily living for people with CIP and CIM. Large RCTs, which are feasible, need to be conducted to explore the role of physical rehabilitation interventions for people with CIP and CIM.
[Bacteriological examination on needle biopsy specimens of cavity and tuberculoma after a short course chemotherapy in initially sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. (2006)

Our study showed that 90.4% (75/83) of the tuberculosis cases achieved real bacteriological negative result on biopsies after a short course chemotherapy, and the bacteriological positive cases on biopsy experienced 75.0% (6/8) sputum bacteriological recurrence. The result suggests that the evaluation criteria with sputum on therapeutic effect of pulmonary tuberculosis needs to be reassessed.
Structure of CbpA J-Domain Bound to the Regulatory Protein CbpM Explains Its Specificity and Suggests Evolutionary Link between CbpM and Transcriptional Regulators (2014)

CbpA is one of the six E. coli DnaJ/Hsp40 homologues of DnaK co-chaperones and the only one that is additionally regulated by a small protein CbpM, conserved in γ-proteobacteria. CbpM inhibits the co-chaperone and DNA binding activities of CbpA. This regulatory function of CbpM is accomplished through reversible interaction with the N-terminal J-domain of CbpA, which is essential for the interaction with DnaK. CbpM is highly specific for CbpA and does not bind DnaJ despite the high degree of structural and functional similarity between the J-domains of CbpA and DnaJ. Here we report the crystal structure of the complex of CbpM with the J-domain of CbpA. CbpM forms dimers and the J-domain of CbpA interacts with both CbpM subunits. The CbpM-binding surface of CbpA is highly overlapping with the CbpA interface for DnaK, providing a competitive model for regulation through forming mutually exclusive complexes. The structure also provides the explanation for the strict specificity of CbpM for CbpA, which we confirmed by making mutants of DnaJ that became regulated by CbpM. Interestingly, the structure of CbpM reveals a striking similarity to members of the MerR family of transcriptional regulators, suggesting an evolutionary connection between the functionally distinct bacterial co-chaperone regulator CbpM and the transcription regulator HspR.
In Situ Generation of Zinc Carbenoids from Diazo Compounds and Zinc Salts: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2,3-Substituted Cyclopropanes (2009)

The first enantioselective cyclopropanation of alkenes using zinc carbenoids generated in situ from diazo compounds and zinc salts is reported. This new method allows the highly enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 1,2,3-substituted cyclopropanes via aryl-substituted carbenoids. The first Simmons-Smith reaction using a catalytic amount of zinc to generate enantioenriched cyclopropane is also reported.
Design and testing of the Marport SQX-500 Twin-Pod AUV (2010)

The SQX-500 AUV is currently under joint development by Marport Canada Inc, the Institute for Ocean Technology of the National Research Council Canada, and Memorial University of Newfoundland. With a twin-hull design, and a novel propulsion and control system, the SQX-500 provided several unique challenges during the design and development process. In order to characterize the hydrodynamic performance of this vehicle for various operating conditions, a complete set of hydrodynamic experiments was carried out. These experiments included 0.88 model scale tow tank testing, full scale testing of a custom propeller, passive stability verification, and several tests to characterize the vehicle propulsion system. Taken together these experiments determine the overall propulsive efficiency of the vehicle under various operating conditions. In addition, analysis of the results from these experiments was used to determine which tests should be performed on future vehicle designs.
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO THE LEUKOCYTE-COMMON ANTIGEN (1985)

A series of rat monoclonal antibodies against the human leukocyte-common antigen were isolated and, by means of competitive binding assays with purified antigen, two distinct groups were defined that recognize different epitopes of the molecule. None of these antibodies were lytic with human complement, but when antibodies against each of these two epitopes were used in combination, synergistic lysis with human complement could be obtained. Synergistic lysis was only seen when each antibody of the pair was of the IgG2b subclass. IgG2a antibodies could not synergize, and in fact could interfere with lysis obtained by the pair of IgG2b antibodies. Although synergy has so far only been studied for rat monoclonal antibodies we also show that it is possible with mouse antibodies or with combinations of mouse and rat antibodies. The information about the principles of synergy and its interference should provide a rationale for using well-planned cocktails of monoclonal antibodies for therapy rather than a shotgun polyclonal antiserum.
Drug Design, Development and Therapy (2012)

Mr Suneel Pandey Professor Ashraf Abadi Dr A Abbate Professor Kouka Saadeldin Abdel-Wahab Dr Amany Abdin Dr Abe Dr Abioye Dr Adegoke Adeniji Dr Abid Riaz Ahmed Dr Osama Ahmed Dr Chunzhi Ai Dr Francesca Aiello Dr Daniel Aires Dr Ibrahim Akin Dr Emmanuel Akinboye Dr Al-Salami Professor Jaime Algorta-Pineda Dr Ali Dr Natasha Ali Dr Karel Allegaert Dr Alessandro Allegra Dr Altavilla Dr Pablo I Altieri Dr Carlos Amabile-Cuevas Dr Shahzada Amir Dr Chandra Amrish Dr Yu An Dr Ioanna Andreadou Dr Sabrina Angelini Dr Pieter Annaert Dr Sathesh Kumar Annamalai Professor Alessandro Antonelli Dr Antonio Vittorino Gaddi Dr Tiago Antunes-Lopes Dr Mohd Shamsul Anuar Dr Fabio Apicella Dr Araki Dr Urvi Aras Dr Sage Arbor Dr Palanisamy Arulselvan Dr Kazuhiro Asami Dr Ashrafuzzaman Dr Muhammad Aslam Dr Atanaskovic-Markovic Dr Boryana Avramova Dr Awakawa Dr Shanjana Awasthi Dr Ayan Dr Mosun Ayan-Oshodi Dr John Ayorinde Dr Gonen Ozsarlak Sozer Dr Hideo Baba Dr Christian Bacci Dr Ildiko Badea Professor Ok-Nam Bae Dr Vishal Balaramnavar Dr Olafur Baldursson Dr Baltan Dr Khaled Barakat Dr Barcia Professor Bardo Dr Janet Barletta Dr Letizia Barutta Dr Joshua Bauml Dr Onur Baykara Prof Dr Wolf Bechstein Dr Bein Dr Gregory Bellot Dr Ariel Berlinski Dr Shridhar Bhat Dr Menakshi Bhat Dr Nitaipada Bhattacharyya Dr Ritesh Bhole Dr Bhowmik Dr Bhutia Dr Bin Bin Dr Ziyad Binkhathlan Dr Pinaki Biswas Professor Howard Black Dr Giovanni Blandino Dr Blevins Dr Enrrico Bloise Dr Boesby Dr Bogacka Dr Vic Boix Dr Naveen Bojjireddy Dr Slawomir Boncel Dr Salvatore Bongarzone Dr Rosivaldo Borges Dr Oliver Bosch Dr Bradley Dr Amber Bradley Clemmons Dr Broadbent Dr Etienne Brochot Dr Yiwen Bu Dr John Buatti Dr Daniel Buchanan Dr Buchko Dr Ebo Budu-Amoako Dr Syed Bukhari Dr John Buster Dr Cabarkapa Dr Lucio Cabral Dr Orazio Caffo Dr Cai Dr Ozlem Cakici Dr Calfee Professor Begona Calvo Dr Caminade Dr Elisabetta Canetta Dr Cao Prof Dr Gaetano Caramori Dr Daniel Cardinali Dr Carmona Professor Marco Carotenuto Dr Michele Carron Dr Carvalho Dr Sergio Casciaro Dr Castillo
Effect of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sediments on fluoranthene biodegradation patterns (1998)

Abstract The biodegradation of fluoranthene, alone and in mixtures with naphthalene and acenaphthene, was studied in systems with and without sediments. In sediment-free systems, fluoranthene was not degraded when present alone or in combination with acenaphthene but was degraded when combined with naphthalene. Naphthalene and acenaphthene degradation were not influenced by fluoranthene. In sediment-containing systems, fluoranthene degradation occurred only in the presence of naphthalene. After complete degradation of naphthalene, fluoranthene degradation stopped. Experiments using all three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in both sediment-free and -containing systems showed results similar to those obtained using pairs.
PULSED RADAR TARGET RECOGNITION BASED ON MICRO-DOPPLER SIGNATURES USING WAVELET ANALYSIS (2013)

Radar based automatic target recognition systems are commonly used in perimeter protection and surveillance applications.These systems determine the nature of a target moving in the radar's field of view using its echo signal.
The use of video in empirical research (1989)

There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to the use of video in empirical research. In contrast, observation in conjunction with notetaking avoids some of the problems with video, but without providing many of the advantages. Rather than report on the results of empirical studies, this paper examines methodologies used to capture and record the results of experiments which were designed to better understand how users interact with a system and how to design systems to meet user's needs.
Preparation and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Buccal Film for Delivery of Meloxicam (2013)

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (ISSN: 2456-9119) is dedicated to publish high quality papers in all areas of pharmaceutical Science including pharmaceutical drugs, community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, compounding pharmacy, consultant pharmacy, internet pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, military pharmacy, pharmacy informatics, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacotherapy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, psychopharmacology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoepidemiology, toxicology, theoretical pharmacology, posology, pharmacognosy, behavioral pharmacology, environmental pharmacology, medicine development and safety testing, drug legislation and safety, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical molecular biology, pharmaceutical biotechnology. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal.
Using Isotopic Tools to Dissect and Quantitate Parallel Metabolic Pathways (2010)

4-Hydroxyacids are ubiquitous in human physiology. They are derived from the drugs of abuse gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma-hydroxypentanoate(GHP), in addition to the omnipresent lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (4-HNE). Previously we reported that 4-hydroxyacids are catabolized through two parallel pathways. In this report we detail two isotopic tools that have allowed the dissection of this catabolic process and illustrate how these tools can be used to quantify the relative flux down each pathway. We found that 4-hydroxynonanoate (4-hydroxyacid derived from 4-HNE) is primarly catabolized through a pathway that phosphorylates the C-4 hydroxyl and isomerizes it to a C-3 hydroxy compound, which is catabolized through beta-oxidation.
Impact of home language reading skills’ on L2 reading comprehension: a study of newcomer emergent bilinguals (2019)

Previous research on the development of second language (L2) reading comprehension among adolescents and adults has looked at the relative importance of students’ second language (L2) linguistic skills and home language (L1) reading comprehension skills in the development of L2 reading comprehension, with many studies finding a more important role for L2 language proficiency. However, the previous research has been done largely in foreign language settings with students who have age-appropriate reading skills in the L1. We extend the question of the relative importance of L1 reading skills and L2 language proficiency to L2 reading comprehension to Spanish-speaking adolescent newcomer emergent bilinguals in New York City with low levels of L1 reading, as research on these students is lacking and little is known about their development of L2 academic skills. We find that for this population L1 reading comprehension plays a significant role in L2 reading comprehension equal to, if not greater than, L2 language proficiency. These findings suggest the need to include continued support of L1 reading skills in order for reading in the L2 to develop, at least for newcomer students with low literacy skills.
A CMOS low-power widely programmable active RC filter based on a hybrid CS/D network (2017)

This paper presents an enhanced digital tuning approach for RC-active direct form circuits. By introducing a combined summing/dividing network for the current that flows from resistors to virtual grounds, an accurate frequency trimming is accomplished bringing out a linear dependence on the digital input code over a wide tuning range. Simulation results of a monolithic 12-bit 1.8 V–0.18 μm CMOS second order filter provide a 11.46-bit effective resolution to linearly control the frequency over three decades with distortion levels better than −70 dB for 1.5 Vp-p. The power consumption is below 0.5 mW with an active area of 0.087 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which makes it suitable for battery-operated on-chip systems.
Research of Electro-Thermal Memory Effect of RF Power Amplifier based on LDMOS FET (2006)

This paper clarifies the relation of junction temperature of FET and its dissipated power and the essential causation of electro-thermal memory effects due to theoretical analysis, taking the LDMOS RF power amplifier as an example. The impact of electro-thermal memory effect for the performance of RF power amplifier is analyzed by Agilent ADS simulation and measurement. And the method to reduce memory effect is educed on this basis
Adhesion of precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells to bone marrow stromal proteins. (1993)

Adhesion to bone marrow stroma is a key event in normal B lymphopoiesis, allowing exposure of B-cell progenitors to regulatory cytokines. In order to investigate whether similar processes are important in the proliferation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells of precursor-B type, the expression of various adhesion molecules was examined. By flow cytometry analysis, CD-44 and the integrins VLA-4 and VLA-5 were the most prominent. CD-44 and VLA-4 were expressed on all 18 cases of precursor-B ALL analysed, while VLA-5 was found on 15 of 18 cases. The integrin CD-11a was detected on 8 of 11 cases, while its ligand, CD-54, was present in 6/12. Other adhesion proteins such as beta 3 integrin, CD-56, CD-15, and Leu8 were not expressed to any significant extent. In view of the known binding of VLA-4 and VLA-5 to extracellular fibronectin (FN), the adhesion of leukaemic cells to FN was evaluated in a colorimetric assay. The precursor-B ALL cell lines REH and KM-3, and 7/15 cases of precursor-B ALL, showed detectable binding to FN. Binding to the other extracellular matrix proteins collagen type 1 and vitronectin was not observed, although two ALL cases showed some binding to laminin. The functional activity of the VLA-4 and VLA-5 molecules was examined using an inhibitory peptide and monoclonal antibodies. These studies indicated that ALL cells adhere to soluble fibronectin predominantly through the VLA-5 molecule (blockable with the PHM-2 antibody and a peptide containing the RGD sequence) although binding mediated by VLA-4 was also apparent in some experiments (blockable by a 40 kDa fragment containing the heparin-binding domain of FN and inhibitory antibodies). These results indicate that precursor-B ALL cells may adhere to marrow stroma through interaction of VLA-4 and VLA-5 with FN, although other mechanisms of adhesion may be important.
Evaluation of an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Immunoglobulin M Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Synthetic Convergent Peptide Library, or Mixotope, for Diagnosis of Primary EBV Infection (1999)

An immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed by using a 24-amino-acid peptide of the 18-kDa Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCAp18). IgM detection was increased by 23% by using this antigen. Detection of IgM antibodies to the EBV proteins in the new ELISA was 100% specific and 95% sensitive.
On the Encoding Complexity of Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes (2015)

In this paper, we propose a parity check matrix (PCM) construction technique that reduces the encoding complexity of quasi-cyclic (QC)-LDPC codes. The proposed construction method is based on a constraint selection of shifting factors, shown here to reduce the density of an inverted matrix used in several encoding algorithms. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the complexity of encoding schemes involving inverted matrices, can be defined by the density of the small inverted binary base matrix and not by the extended QC-PCM. Comparisons of the proposed codes with codes employed in international standards and with randomly shifted QC-LDPC codes of comparable characteristics, show the low complexity of the corresponding hardware implementations and a BER performance equivalent to that of previously reported codes without increasing the decoding complexity. Furthermore, adoption of the proposed method can decrease the complexity of several encoding procedures; in particular, an area reduction of 40%–55% is reported for QC-LDPC encoders, while a reduction of 86% is reported for Multi-Level-QC-LDPC encoders.
Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor (2018)

The search for Majorana bound states (MBSs) has been fueled by the prospect of using their non-Abelian statistics for robust quantum computation. Two-dimensional superconducting topological materials have been predicted to host MBSs as zero-energy modes in vortex cores. By using scanning tunneling spectroscopy on the superconducting Dirac surface state of the iron-based superconductor FeTe<sub>0.55</sub>Se<sub>0.45</sub>, we observed a sharp zero-bias peak inside a vortex core that does not split when moving away from the vortex center. The evolution of the peak under varying magnetic field, temperature, and tunneling barrier is consistent with the tunneling to a nearly pure MBS, separated from nontopological bound states. This observation offers a potential platform for realizing and manipulating MBSs at a relatively high temperature.
Optical switching in N × N arrays of individually addressable electroabsorption modulators based on Wannier–Stark carrier localization in GaAs/GaAlAs superlattices (1991)

We report room- and low-temperature (10-K) electroabsorption measurements in N × N arrays of individually addressable superlattice electroabsorption modulators based on Wannier–Stark carrier localization. Our data exhibit excellent array uniformity over an area encompassing several hundred modulators. We demonstrated electroabsorption changes as large as |Δα| ≃ 22 000 cm−1, electrorefraction changes as large as |Δn| ≃ 0.1 (corresponding to a π/2 phase shift for an ≈2-μm-thick superlattice), optical bistability with contrast ratios &gt;6:1, and relaxation self-oscillations (oscillatory amplitude modulation of an incident cw beam) in an inductive electro-optic circuit. We developed the capability of demonstrating a new electro-optical component technology for integrating two-dimensional source arrays with ultralow-energy optical switching arrays.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Diphosphoinositol Polyphosphate Phosphohydrolase, a Dual Specificity NUDT Enzyme That Attacks Diadenosine Polyphosphates and Diphosphoinositol Polyphosphates (1999)

Diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase (DIPP) hydrolyzes diadenosine 5',5"'-P(1),P(6)-hexaphosphate (Ap(6)A), a Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate attached-moiety "x") substrate, and two non-Nudix compounds: diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP(5)) and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate ((PP)(2)-InsP(4)). Guided by multiple sequence alignments, we used site-directed mutagenesis to obtain new information concerning catalytically essential amino acid residues in DIPP. Mutagenesis of either of two conserved glutamate residues (Glu(66) and Glu(70)) within the Nudt (Nudix-type) catalytic motif impaired hydrolysis of Ap(6)A, PP-InsP(5), and (PP)(2)-InsP(4) >95%; thus, all three substrates are hydrolyzed at the same active site. Two Gly-rich domains (glycine-rich regions 1 and 2 (GR1 and GR2)) flank the Nudt motif with potential sites for cation coordination and substrate binding. GR1 comprises a GGG tripeptide, while GR2 is identified as a new functional motif (GX(2)GX(6)G) that is conserved in yeast homologues of DIPP. Mutagenesis of any of these Gly residues in GR1 and GR2 reduced catalytic activity toward all three substrates by up to 95%. More distal to the Nudt motif, H91L and F84Y mutations substantially decreased the rate of Ap(6)A and (PP)(2)-InsP(4) metabolism (by 71 and 96%), yet PP-InsP(5) hydrolysis was only mildly reduced (by 30%); these results indicate substrate-specific roles for His(91) and Phe(84). This new information helps define DIPP's structural, functional, and evolutionary relationships to Nudix hydrolases.