gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Secretory Small GTPase Rab27B on Breast Cancer Growth, Invasion, and Metastasis (2010)

BACKGROUND Secretory GTPases like Rab27B control vesicle exocytosis and deliver critical proinvasive growth regulators into the tumor microenvironment. The expression and role of Rab27B in breast cancer were unknown. METHODS Expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with wild-type Rab3D, Rab27A, or Rab27B, or Rab27B point mutants defective in GTP/GDP binding or geranylgeranylation, or transient silencing RNA to the same proteins was used to study Rab27B in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, and ZR75.1). Cell cycle progression was evaluated by flow cytometry, western blotting, and measurement of cell proliferation rates, and invasion was assessed using Matrigel and native type I collagen substrates. Orthotopic tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis were analyzed in mouse xenograft models. Mass spectrometry identified proinvasive growth regulators that were secreted in the presence of Rab27B. Rab27B protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 59 clinical breast cancer specimens, and Rab3D, Rab27A, and Rab27B mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 20 specimens. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Increased expression of Rab27B promoted G(1) to S phase cell cycle transition, proliferation and invasiveness of cells in culture, and invasive tumor growth and hemorrhagic ascites production in a xenograft mouse model (n = 10; at 10 weeks, survival of MCF-7 GFP- vs GFP-Rab27B-injected mice was 100% vs 62.5%, hazard ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.88, P = .03). Mass spectrometric analysis of purified Rab27B-secretory vesicles identified heat-shock protein 90alpha as key proinvasive growth regulator. Heat-shock protein 90alpha secretion was Rab27B-dependent and was required for matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. All Rab27B-mediated functional responses were GTP- and geranylgeranyl-dependent. Presence of endogenous Rab27B mRNA and protein, but not of Rab3D or Rab27A mRNA, was associated with lymph node metastasis (P < .001) and differentiation grade (P = .001) in ER-positive human breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS Rab27B regulates invasive growth and metastasis in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, and increased expression is associated with poor prognosis in humans.
Polarization Diverse Optical Frequency Domain Interferometry: All Coupler Implementation (2003)

We describe an all-coupler implementation of a polarization-diverse optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR). We measure the complex transfer function of an FBG by projecting a measurement field onto two orthogonal reference fields and show that a vector sum of the resultant signal is independent of the polarization state of the measurement field.
EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE CALIBRATION OF PERSONNEL DOSIMETERS WITH PHOTONS. (1980)

TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE HEALTH PHYSICS SOCIETY: Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting: PDF Only
Asymptotic performance of the Low Rank Adaptive Normalized Matched Filter in a large dimensional regime (2015)

The paper addresses the problem of approximating the detector distribution used in target detection embedded in a disturbance composed of a low rank Gaussian noise and a white Gaussian noise. In this context, it is interesting to use an adaptive version of the Low Rank Normalized Matched Filter (LR-ANMF) detector, which is a function of the estimated projector onto the low rank noise subspace. We will show that the traditional approximation of the LR-ANMF detector distribution is not always the better one. In this paper, we propose to perform its limits when the number of secondary data K and the data dimension m both tend to infinity at the same rate m/K → c∈2 (0;∞). Then, we give the theoretical distributions of these limits in the large dimensional regime and approximate the LR-ANMF detector distribution by them. The comparison of empirical and theoretical distributions on a jamming application shows the interest of our approach.
Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava (2017)

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.
TCLUST: A Fast Method for Clustering Genome-Scale Expression Data (2010)

Genes with a common function are often hypothesized to have correlated expression levels in mRNA expression data, motivating the development of clustering algorithms for gene expression data sets. We observe that existing approaches do not scale well for large data sets, and indeed did not converge for the data set considered here. We present a novel clustering method TCLUST that exploits coconnectedness to efficiently cluster large, sparse expression data. We compare our approach with two existing clustering methods CAST and K-means which have been previously applied to clustering of gene-expression data with good performance results. Using a number of metrics, TCLUST is shown to be superior to or at least competitive with the other methods, while being much faster. We have applied this clustering algorithm to a genome-scale gene-expression data set and used gene set enrichment analysis to discover highly significant biological clusters. (Source code for TCLUST is downloadable at http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/~bdost/tclust.)
ChemInform Abstract: NITRILES IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED 4‐PHENYLTHIAZOLES FROM PHENACYL THIOCYANATE (1985)

Abstract Die Komponenten (I) und (II) setzen sich je nach Reaktionsbedingungen zu den Verbindungen (III) bzw. (IV) um.
Großmacht Indien?: Aus indischen Zeitungen und Zeitschriften 2003 (2004)

Die wichtigsten Beiträge und Debatten in den indischen Tageszeitungen und Fachzeitschriften drehten sich um vier Prioritäten der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik Indiens: Die Konsolidierung der Annäherung an die USA; das Bemühen um verbesserte Beziehungen zu China; das sehr komplexe und schwierige Verhältnis zu Pakistan und schließlich die militärische Modernisierung und Nuklearpolitik des Landes. (Autorenreferat)
Explainable AI for Time Series via Virtual Inspection Layers (2023)

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has witnessed significant advancements in recent years. However, the majority of progress has been concentrated in the domains of computer vision and natural language processing. For time series data, where the input itself is often not interpretable, dedicated XAI research is scarce. In this work, we put forward a virtual inspection layer for transforming the time series to an interpretable representation and allows to propagate relevance attributions to this representation via local XAI methods. In this way, we extend the applicability of XAI methods to domains (e.g. speech) where the input is only interpretable after a transformation. In this work, we focus on the Fourier Transform which, is prominently applied in the preprocessing of time series, with Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) and refer to our method as DFT-LRP. We demonstrate the usefulness of DFT-LRP in various time series classification settings like audio and medical data. We showcase how DFT-LRP reveals differences in the classification strategies of models trained in different domains (e.g., time vs. frequency domain) or helps to discover how models act on spurious correlations in the data.
Comparison of the self-cleaning effects and electrical characteristics of BeO and Al2O3 deposited as an interface passivation layer on GaAs MOS devices (2011)

Beryllium oxide (BeO) is a promising dielectric because of its high energy bandgap (10.6 eV) and short Be and O atom bonds and its excellent electrical insulating characteristics and high thermal stability. In a previous study, the authors showed that BeO grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a gate dielectric on Si and GaAs substrates has excellent electrical and physical characteristics. In this work, we used monochromatic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical analysis to compare the ability of ALD BeO and Al2O3 to reduce the surface oxide on GaAs substrates. High resolution XPS shows that the BeO reduced surface oxide more efficiently than Al2O3 and that the capacitance-voltage characteristics correspond with the XPS results. In addition, ALD BeO exhibits less interfacial oxide growth after post-deposition annealing and a more efficient suppression of the leakage current
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: vaccine issues. (2001)

The recent emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) suggests that transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) pose an ongoing threat to human and animal health. To avoid iatrogenic transmission of TSEs in vaccines, strategies must be developed to obviate TSE agent infectivity in cellular substrates, cell culture media components and enzymes, and excipients, and to validate the safety of these components and field vaccines efficiently
Bicarbonate Plays a Critical Role in the Generation of Cytotoxicity during SIN-1 Decomposition in Culture Medium (2012)

3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) is used as a donor of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in various studies. We demonstrated, however, that, the cell-culture medium remains cytotoxic to PC12 cells even after almost complete SIN-1 decomposition, suggesting that reaction product(s) in the medium, rather than ONOO(-), exert cytotoxic effects. Here, we clarified that significant cytotoxicity persists after SIN-1 decomposes in bicarbonate, a component of the culture medium, but not in NaOH. Cytotoxic SIN-1-decomposed bicarbonate, which lacks both oxidizing and nitrosating activities, degrades to innocuous state over time. The extent of SIN-1 cytotoxicity, irrespective of its fresh or decomposed state, appears to depend on the total number of initial SIN-1 molecules per cell, rather than its concentration, and involves oxidative/nitrosative stress-related cell damage. These results suggest that, despite its low abundance, the bicarbonate-dependent cytotoxic substance that accumulates in the medium during SIN-1 breakdown is the cytotoxic entity of SIN-1.
Influence of different ionization conditions on the mass spectrometric behaviour of some fluorinated acyclic nucleoside analogs (1995)

Abstract The behaviour of three fluorinated acyclic nucleoside analogs has been examined under different ionization conditions, i.e. by electron ionization, fast‐atom bombardment and positive‐ion chemical ionization using methane, isobutane and ammonia as reactant gases. The protonated molecules have been studied by collisional spectroscopy. In general, protonation takes place on the functional groups exhibiting a proton affinity higher than that of the reactant species but some discrepancies are present. They have been explained by the presence of quasi SHF structures implicating proton bridging between sulphur and fluorine atoms.
All-optical ultrawide-bandwidth quantum buffer (2021)

Quantum optical memories are a key component in a variety of quantum information applications, from extending quantum communication channels to building high-efficiency single-photon sources to enabling protocols requiring multiple synchronized qubits. However, most current photon storage systems utilize light-matter interactions and are therefore not broadband; meanwhile the available broader-bandwidth photon storage systems operate with somewhat shorter storage times or require cryogenic operation. Here we develop a system with multiplexed free-space storage cavities, able to store single photons with high efficiency over variable delays, up to 12.5 µs, and over multiple nanometers bandwidth at room temperature. The system can store multiple qubits encoded in various degrees of freedom (e.g., time-bin, and polarization) simultaneously. The work presented here has demonstrated storage of polarization states for 1.25 µs and retrieval through single-mode fiber with a state fidelity &gt;99% and efficiency 82%.
Methods for removing metal obstructions from the root canal (1993)

The removal of metallic obstructions is an important part of endodontic retreatment procedures and encounters a number of serious problems. Sometimes removal procedures are extremely easy and can be performed in rather short time, but often it is a very tedious and time-consuming operation with a high number of failures, especially with fractured instruments. Using special devices such as the Masserannkit, the Canal-Finder-System, or ultrasonic systems some fractured instrument cases can be managed successfully. The retreatment of dowel-obturated root canals or failing silver cone cases has a good prognosis and a fairly good success rate. The Masserannkit, post pullers, the Canal-Finder-System and ultrasonic systems have been shown to be helpful devices in removal of root posts and silver cones. Additionally a large number of special devices and techniques for the removal of metal obstructions from the root canal have been described in the literature and will be critically reviewed.
Brain functional connectivity mirrors genetic pleiotropy in psychiatric conditions (2022)

Pleiotropy occurs when a genetic variant influences more than one trait. This is a key property of the genomic architecture of psychiatric disorders and has been observed for rare and common genomic variants. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the microscale genetic overlap (pleiotropy) across psychiatric conditions and cognitive traits may lead to similar overlaps at the macroscale brain level such as large-scale brain functional networks. We took advantage of brain connectivity, measured by resting-state functional MRI to measure the effects of pleiotropy on large-scale brain networks, a putative step from genes to behaviour. We processed nine resting-state functional MRI datasets including 32 726 individuals and computed connectome-wide profiles of seven neuropsychiatric copy-number-variants, five polygenic scores, neuroticism and fluid intelligence as well as four idiopathic psychiatric conditions. Nine out of 19 pairs of conditions and traits showed significant functional connectivity correlations (rFunctional connectivity), which could be explained by previously published levels of genomic (rGenetic) and transcriptomic (rTranscriptomic) correlations with moderate to high concordance: rGenetic-rFunctional connectivity = 0.71 [0.40-0.87] and rTranscriptomic-rFunctional connectivity = 0.83 [0.52; 0.94]. Extending this analysis to functional connectivity profiles associated with rare and common genetic risk showed that 30 out of 136 pairs of connectivity profiles were correlated above chance. These similarities between genetic risks and psychiatric disorders at the connectivity level were mainly driven by the overconnectivity of the thalamus and the somatomotor networks. Our findings suggest a substantial genetic component for shared connectivity profiles across conditions and traits, opening avenues to delineate general mechanisms-amenable to intervention-across psychiatric conditions and genetic risks.
Black holes as Andreev reflecting mirrors (2020)

We propose a microscopic quantum description for Hawking radiation as Andreev reflections, which resolves the quantum information paradox at black hole event horizons. The detailed microscopic analysis presented here reveals how a black hole, treated as an Andreev reflecting mirror, provides a manifestly unitary description of an evaporating black hole, expanding our previous analysis presented in [S. K. Manikandan and A. N. Jordan, Phys. Rev. D 96, 124011 (2017), S. K. Manikandan and A. N. Jordan, Phys. Rev. D 98, 124043 (2018)]. In our analogy, a black hole resolves the information paradox by accepting particles---pairing them with the infalling Hawking quanta into a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) like quantum ground state---while Andreev reflects the quantum information as encoded in outgoing Hawking radiation. The present approach goes beyond the black hole final state proposal by Horowitz and Maldacena [J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2004) 008] by providing necessary microscopic details which allows us to circumvent important shortcomings of the black hole final state proposal. We also generalize the present Hamiltonian description to make an analogy to the apparent loss of quantum information possible in an Einstein-Rosen bridge via crossed Andreev reflections.
Transient fault tolerance in digital systems (1994)

It is hard to shield systems effectively from transient faults (fault avoidance techniques). So some other means must be employed to assure appropriate levels of transient fault tolerance (insensitivity to transient faults). They are based on fault-masking and fault recovery ideas. Having analyzed this problem, the author identifies critical design points and outlines some practical solutions that refer to efficient on-line detectors (detecting errors during the system operation) and error handling procedures. This framework provides a basis for understanding transient fault problems in digital systems. It can be helpful in selecting optimum techniques to mask or eliminate transient fault effects in developed systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The lower basal metabolic rate is associated with increased risk of osteosarcopenia in postmenopausal women (2022)

Our data suggest that low BMR might be an early predictor for concordance of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in postmenopausal women.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Optical, Electronic, and Electrochemical Properties of Hydrogenated α-Fe2O3 (2017)

With the combination of experimental and computational approaches, the impact of hydrogenation on the optical, electronic and electrochemical properties of Fe2O3 for water splitting have been studied. Under high pressure, hydrogen incorporation into the Fe2O3 lattice has been achieved, and hydrogen dopants can be released with heat treatment. With H-doping, magnetite Fe3O4 has been found to form at the edge of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. H-incorporation can narrow the band gap by ∼0.4 eV and slightly reduce the overpotential (by 140 mV) for oxygen evolution reaction, but due to the localization of hydrogen (bonded with oxygen), a slightly lower charge carrier density resulted. Computational studies reveal that all of the above changes are essentially related to the local states brought by H-dopants. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the optical, electronic, and catalytic properties of hydrogenated Fe2O3.
Impact of link symmetry on nonlinear noise mitigation using spectral inversion in superchannel transmission (2016)

Spectral inversion can effectively mitigate intra-subcarrier nonlinear noise for uniform and non-uniform links, while inter-subcarrier nonlinear noise mitigation is more sensitive to the link symmetry. Spectral inversion mitigates significant nonlinear noise even with off-midspan placement.
In vivo administration of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses the expression of RANKL mRNA in bone of thyroparathyroidectomized rats constantly infused with PTH (2003)

It is known that pharmacological or toxic doses of vitamin D induce bone resorption both in vivo and in vitro, whereas physiological doses of the vitamin have a protective effect on bone in vivo. To investigate the discrepancies of the dose-dependent effect of vitamin D on bone resorption, we examined the in vivo effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] on the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNAs in bone of thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats infused with or without parathyroid hormone (PTH). Continuous infusion of 50 ng/h of PTH greatly increased the expression of RANKL mRNA in bone of TPTX rats. Expression of OPG mRNA was not altered by PTH infusion. When graded doses of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was daily administered orally for 14 days to normocalcemic TPTX rats constantly infused with PTH, 0.01 and 0.1 microg/kg of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibited the PTH-induced RANKL mRNA expression, but 0.5 microg/kg of the vitamin did not inhibit it. Regulator of G protein signaling-2 (RGS-2) gene expression was suppressed by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) dose-dependently, but PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA expression was not altered. Bone morphometric analyses revealed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppressed PTH-induced osteoclast number in vivo. These results suggest that pharmacological or toxic doses of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulate bone resorption by inducing RANKL, but a certain range of physiological doses of the vitamin inhibit PTH-induced bone resorption, the latter mechanism appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by the suppression of the PTH/PTHrP receptor-mediated signaling.
Performance and Interference Control in Wireless Ad hoc and Mesh Networks— A Generalized Lagrangian Approach (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper deals with the problem of power allocation in heterogeneous wireless networks such as wireless ad hoc and mesh networks. We propose a general approach to power control, with the goal of optimizing some network performance metric subject general constraints at selected links, such as constraints on Signal-to-Interference Ratio or restrictions on received power. Based on a novel construction of generalized Lagrangian function, we develop a primal-dual iteration that converges to a locally optimal power allocation vector. The iteration exhibits linear convergence and has certain advantages in applicability, efficiency and complexity when compared to classical primal-dual methods of similar convergence. Using the recently proposed concept of an adjoint network, we finally present a feedback scheme which allows for the highly desired decentralized realization of the proposed iteration. </para>
Factors Affecting DBP Formation During Ozone–Bromide Reactions (1993)

Ozonation of waters containing bromide ion leads to the formation of organic and inorganic by‐products. By‐product formation is influenced by bromide ion concentration, the source and concentration of organic precursors, pH, ozone dosage, temperature, and alkalinity. Both organic and inorganic by‐products increased when bromide ion concentration increased but decreased with an increase in alkalinity. Organic by‐products were found to increase with a decrease in pH, whereas bromate formation was favored by a high pH. In general, bromoform concentration first increased, then diminished, as the dosage of ozone was increased. Both ozonation and incubation temperatures had a positive effect on the formation of bromoform and bromate. PEROXONE appears to favor bromate formation over organic by‐product formation, whereas the addition of ammonia reduces both bromate and organic by‐products.
A Fin-type independent-double-gate NFET (2004)

We present, to our knowledge, the first published experimental integration of two independent gates on a FinFET. The devices have symmetric gate oxide physical thicknesses of 8.5 nm, gate lengths ranging from 0.25 /spl mu/m to 5 /spl mu/m, and designed fin thicknesses ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. Independent-gate operation is demonstrated by modulating saturated drain current with both front and back gate voltages.