gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cortical Blindness in a Preeclamptic Patient After a Cesarean Delivery Complicated by Hypotension (2000)

Implications Visual strokes can occur after prolonged hypotension or as a complication of preeclampsia-eclampsia. This case describes the diagnostic dilemma posed by a patient who developed transient blindness after a hypotensive episode during cesarean delivery for severe preeclampsia-eclampsia.
Differential effect of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis in atrial fibrillation associated stroke (2020)

In patients treated with MT, comorbid AF is associated with faster procedural time, fewer passes, and increased rates of first pass success without increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage or worse functional outcomes. These results are in contrast to the increased hemorrhage rates and worse functional outcomes observed in AF associated stroke treated with supportive care and or IVT. These data suggest that MT negates the AF penalty in ischemic stroke.
Stephen D. Morris and Charles H. Blake (eds.), Corruption and Politics in Latin America: National and Regional Dynamics (Boulder, CO, and London: Lynne Rienner, 2010), pp. viii +286, $68.50, $27.50 pb; £24.50 pb. (2012)

Stephen D. Morris and Charles H. Blake (eds.), Corruption and Politics in Latin America: National and Regional Dynamics (Boulder, CO, and London: Lynne Rienner, 2010), pp. viii +286, 27.50 pb; £24.50 pb. - Volume 44 Issue 2
Findings from the American Chemical Society Career Continuity Survey: Elucidating Gender Patterns in Training and Career Paths (2006)

The purpose of this study was to examine the career paths of a group of graduates from prestigious chemistry programs in the United States. Surveys were mailed to male and female doctoral graduates from the top-ten chemistry programs, as defined by the National Research Council (NRC), for the years 1988-1992. Based upon the participants' survey responses, possible gender based barriers to success in educational and training environments were elucidated. The further impact of these barriers to the early career paths of women, particularly to their selection of and placement on the faculties at Ph.D.-granting universities, also was examined. Best practices to encourage and promote women in these settings are proposed.
Role of the naive and memory CD4+T-cell repertoire in transplantation (2009)

Purpose: The exact role of individual T cell-subsets in the development of rejection is not clearly defined. Given their distinct phenotypes, effector functions and trafficking patterns, naïve (CD45RBhiCD44lo) and memory (CD45RBloCD44hi) T cells may play distinct roles in anti-donor immunity after transplantation. Furthermore, only the CD4+CD45RBlo population contains CD4+CD25+ T cells, a subset with suppressive functions playing a major role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. The aim of this work was to study the contribution of these individual subsets in alloresponses via the direct and indirect pathways using a murine experimental model. Methods and materials: Purified naïve or memory CD4+ T cells were adoptively transferred into lymphopenic mice undergoing a skin allograft. Donor to recipient MHC combinations were chosen in order to study the direct and the indirect pathways of allorecognition separately. Graft survival and in vivo expansion, effector function and trafficking of the transferred T cells was assessed at different time points after transplantation. Results: We found that the cross-reactive CD4+CD45RBlo memory T-cell pool was heterogeneous and contained cells with regulatory potentials, both in the CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25-populations. CD4+ T cells capable of inducing strong primary alloreactive responses in vitro and rejection of a first allograft in vivo were mainly contained within the CD45RBhi naïve CD4+ T-cell compartment. CD4+CD45RBlo T cells proliferated less abundantly to allogeneic stimulation than their naïve counterparts both in vitro and in vivo, and allowed prolonged allograft survival even after the depletion of the CD4+CD25+ subset. Interestingly, CD4+CD25-CD45RBlo T cells were capable of prolonging allograft survival, mainly when the indirect pathway was the only mechanism of allorecognition. The indirect pathway response, which was shown to drive true chronic rejection and contribute to chronic allograft dysfunction, was predominantly mediated by naïve CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: This work provides new insights into the mechanisms that drive allograft rejection and should help develop new clinical immunosuppressive protocols. In particular, our results highlight the importance of selectively targeting individual T-cell subsets to prevent graft rejection but at the same time maintain immune protective responses to common pathogens.
Dry Air Turbo-Compression Cooling (2016)

Electric power plants in the U.S. dissipate 4.3 billion gallons of water per day into the atmosphere through evaporative cooling. As freshwater resources become constrained, it will be essential for power plants to transition from evaporative cooling to dry air cooling. One of the major problems associated with dry air cooling is the large size and associated cost of the dry air heat exchangers due to the large surface area required to overcome the low convective heat transfer coefficient of air. This study investigates using low-grade waste heat available in the combustion exhaust gases (106°C inlet, 86 MW dry waste heat available) of a 565 MW Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant (NGCC) to drive a supplemental high efficiency turbo-compression cooling (TCC) system that decreases the size of the dry air heat exchangers. In this system, both a recuperative Rankine cycle and a supercritical system were considered to drive a turbo-compressor. The low-grade waste heat is supplied to a flue gas heat exchanger in either the recuperative Rankine or supercritical cycle to generate power that drives a vapor compression cycle to supply supplementary cooling for the power plant condenser water. For the TCC system to operate at a high COP, both the turbine and compressor must operate at isentropic efficiencies exceeding 80%. This high efficiency has been demonstrated for centrifugal turbomachines for a wide variety of applications over small ranges of specific speed: from 45 to 100 for turbines, and from 80 to 140 for compressors. In the present study, a wide range of possible fluids was considered to perform a complete system level thermodynamic analysis combined with a turbo-compressor dimensional scaling analysis. The results of the analyses show that the total UA required for both the primary dry air coolers and the dry air condensers in the supercritical TCC system with a COP of 2 is 26% less than the UA required for dry air cooling alone (from 150.7 to 111.5 MW K−1). As a result, using the supercritical TCC cooling system has the potential to reduce the overall cost of dry air cooling relative to the state of the art.
Biased clustering methods for image classification (2002)

Classification of image data can be done using supervised or unsupervised methods. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages: supervised methods require labeled samples in order to create signatures or discriminating functions to classify unknown data, which at the end of the process will have class labels attached to it. Unsupervised methods, usually based on clustering, do not require samples for the classes, but their result will be unlabeled, requiring additional processing steps to attach labels to pixels on images. In this paper a new method for classification is presented, called biased clustering, which will use imprecise information about classes to create expectancies for assignment of a pixel to a class. These expectancies will be validated or corrected by a clustering method. The advantage over supervised methods is that the samples for the classes does not need to be precisely labeled, and can be derived with simple image processing methods. The advantage over basic clustering methods is that the pixels will be labeled at the end of the classification. An application of the method will be presented, and results will be discussed.
AR Marker Hiding with Real-Time Texture Deformation (2015)

Augmented Reality (AR) marker hiding is a technique to visually remove AR markers from a real-time video stream. The conventional approach transforms a background image with a homography matrix calculated on the basis of a camera pose and overlays the transformed image on the AR marker region in the real-time frame, assuming that the AR marker is on a planar surface. However, this approach can cause discontinuities in textures around the boundary between the marker and its surrounding area when the planar surface assumption is not satisfied. This paper proposes a method for AR marker hiding without discontinuities around texture boundaries under unknown and nonplanar background geometry. The proposed method estimates dense motion in the marker's background based on feature point correspondences around the marker, together with a smooth motion assumption, and deforms the background image according to the dense motion. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in various environments with different background geometries and textures.
Oxygen toxicity and iron accumulation in the lungs of mice lacking heme oxygenase-2. (1998)

Heme oxygenase (HO) activity leads to accumulation of the antioxidant bilirubin, and degradation of the prooxidant heme. Moderate overexpression of the inducible form, HO-1, is associated with protection against oxidative injury. However, the role of HO-2 in oxidative stress has not been explored. We evaluated survival, indices of oxidative injury, and lung and HO expression in HO-2 null mutant mice exposed to > 95% O2 compared with wild-type controls. Similar basal levels of major lung antioxidants were observed, except that the knockouts had a twofold increase in total glutathione content. Despite increased HO-1 expression from HO-1 induction, knockout animals were sensitized to hyperoxia-induced oxidative injury and mortality, and also had significantly increased markers of oxidative injury before hyperoxic exposure. Furthermore, during hyperoxia, lung hemoproteins and iron content were significantly increased without increased ferritin, suggesting accumulation of available redox-active iron. These results demonstrate that the absence of HO-2 is associated with induction of HO-1 and increased oxygen toxicity in vivo, apparently due to accumulation of lung iron. These results suggest that HO-2 functions to augment the turnover of lung iron during oxidative stress, and that this function does not appear to be compensated for by induction of HO-1 in the knockouts.
Intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig N-Arylation of Bicyclic Hydrazines: Practical Access to Spiro[indoline-2,3'-piperidines] (2022)

In recent years, spirocycles have been the focus of medicinal chemistry, and several drugs or drug candidates incorporating these “non-planar” chemical motifs have been developed. New advancements in this field, however, are greatly limited by the lack of innovative methods enabling the preparation of original spirocyclic cores. Here-in, an unprecedented intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig N-arylation of bicyclic hydrazines is described. This key reaction gives access to unique spiro[indoline-2,3'-piperidine] derivatives after reductive cleavage of the nitro-gen–nitrogen bond. This approach widens the chemical space of spirocycles and may reveal useful to explore new avenues of research in drug discovery.
Emissive chart for imager calibration (2004)

Each and every color imaging device should be custom calibrated both to enhance image processing algorithms and to produce pleasing and faithful images of the captured scenes or medias. Custom calibrations, however, are usually not performed because calibration instruments are either too slow to be used on the manufacturing line or the instruments lack the necessary accuracy. We have developed a calibration instrument that enables both fast and accurate imager calibrations. The instrument is based on emissive narrow-band light sources&#x2014;light emitting diodes&#x2014;arranged in a grid pattern or chart configuration. We refer to the instrument as the emissive calibration chart or the EC chart. We compare the emissive calibration chart to other calibration instruments, which include reflective charts, like the Macbeth ColorChecker or DC charts, and monochromators. The results demonstrate that custom calibrations of each and every imager could be accurately determined on the manufacturing line using the emissive calibration chart.
Facilitation of Fiberoptic Orotracheal Intubation with a Flexible Tracheal Tube (1994)

Advancement of a tracheal tube (TT) over a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) is often impeded by obstruction at the arytenoid cartilage or epiglottis. We tested the hypothesis that the use of a flexible, spiral-wound TT, rather than the standard, preformed TT would facilitate tube passage into the trachea over the FOB. Forty patients scheduled to undergo general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were randomized to two groups. Then the trachea was intubated with a FOB, followed by passage of either a standard, preformed TT or a flexible, spiral-wound TT over the FOB. Ease of TT advancement over the FOB into the trachea was graded on a 1 (easy) to 3 (difficult) scale, and differences between the two groups were compared with chi 2 analysis. The overall scores were compared with Wilcoxon's ranked sum test. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. In patients randomized to the regular TT, only 35% (7/20) of first attempts to advance the TT over the FOB were successful. In the patients randomized to the spiral-wound TT, 95% (19/20) of first attempts were successful (P < 0.0001). Of the 13 regular TTs that were not successfully advanced on the first attempt, seven could not be passed after the second or third attempt (necessitating the use of the cross-over spiral-wound TT). In the only instance in which a spiral-wound tube was not successfully passed into the trachea on the first attempt, passage also was not achieved after the second or third attempt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mach cones in a three-dimensional complex plasma (2009)

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been applied to study the Mach cones in a three-dimensional complex plasma. Numerical results for the velocity distribution of dust particles showed the presence of compressional-wave Mach cones. The compressional Mach cones were excited when subjected to supersonic excitations. It was found that multi-cone structures became a single cone when the discharge pressure was increased. The experiment of Mach cones in a three-dimensional complex plasma under microgravity conditions on board the International Space Station was also reported. A single compressional-wave Mach cone in a three-dimensional complex plasma was observed and could also be obtained from our hydrodynamic model.
Urinary thrombomodulin and catecholamine levels are interrelated in healthy volunteers immersed in cold and warm water (2015)

Severe hypothermia has been shown to influence the levels of catecholamines and thrombomodulin, an endothelial protein essentially involved in the regulation of haemostasis and inflammation. A link between thrombomodulin and catecholamines during cold exposure has also been previously suggested. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of short-term cold exposure without hypothermia on catecholamines and the circulating and urinary thrombomodulin levels. Seven healthy male subjects were immersed in cold water (+10°C) for 10 minutes followed by a 20-minute immersion in +28°C water. Warm water immersion was performed separately for each subject (+30°C for 30 minutes). Thrombomodulin and catecholamine concentrations were measured from pre- and post-immersion (up to 23 hours) samples. In urine, the thrombomodulin level correlated strongly with adrenaline (ρ = 0.806) and noradrenaline (ρ = 0.760) levels. There were no significant differences in thrombomodulin levels between immersion temperatures. Post-immersion urinary thrombomodulin levels were significantly lower than the pre-immersion level at both immersion temperatures. Median concentrations of plasma noradrenaline and urinary adrenaline were higher after exposure to +10°C than to +30°C. Thus, further evidence of the association between thrombomodulin and catecholamines was gained in a physiologically relevant setting in humans. Additionally, it is evident that a short-term cold exposure was not able to elicit changes in the thrombomodulin levels in a follow-up period of up to 23 hours. These findings provide further understanding of the physiological responses to cold during immersion, and of the potential influence of stress on haemostatic and inflammatory responses.
An amorphous SiC/Si heterojunction p-i-n diode for low-noise and high-sensitivity UV detector (1992)

The authors report the UV photoresponse of an a-SiC/a-Si heterojunction p-i-n diode with the structure of glass/TCO (transparent conducting oxide, SnO/sub 2/:F)/p-a-SiC:H/i-a-Si:H/n-a-Si:H/Al. The diode has been designed for a high-sensitivity and low-noise UV detector. The diode has its peak responsivity (0.254 A/W) and quantum efficiency (81.5%) at 385 nm. This structure possesses (1) the window effect by using the wide-bandgap a-SiC:H as the front layer (p-layer) and (2) the carrier confinement effect at the p-SiC:H/i-a-Si:H interface. Enhancements are proposed to raise UV response and suppress long-wave responsivity. The diode was designed to be operated under zero external bias to suppress the dark-current-induced noise. Results show a 200% higher UV sensitivity than a GaAsP Schottky photodiode in the 200-400-nm wavelength region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dimension Scaling Effects on Conduction and Low Frequency Noise Characteristics of ITO-Stabilized ZnO Thin Film Transistors (2020)

Conduction characteristics and low frequency noises in ITO-stabilized ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) with constant channel width ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{W}= 50\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and different channel lengths (L=5, 10, 25, 50 and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) are measured and analysis. Firstly, dependences of threshold voltage and field effect mobility on channel length are examined. With decreasing channel length, the threshold voltage shifts to the negative direction which may attribute to carrier diffusion from source/drain to the intrinsic device channel. In addition, significant degradation of field effect mobility is observed in short channel device which are induced by the presence of series contact resistance. The value of contact resistance has also been extracted. Secondly, the drain current noise power spectral densities ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{ID}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) are measured at varied effective gate voltages. The measured noises follow a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/f^{\gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is about −1.1. Moreover, the normalized noises ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{ID}/I_{ds}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) are dependent linearly on the inverse of channel length and the slope is about −0.75. Finally, the dominant mechanism of low frequency noise in ITO-stabilized ZnO thin film transistor are examined. The slope of normalized noise against effective gate voltage are extracted, which are varied from −1.03 to −1.84 with decreasing channel length and thus it indicates that ITO-stabilized ZnO TFTs varied from bulk dominated devices to interface dominated devices. By using of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> model, the normalized noises are simulated by considering of contact resistance. Several noise parameters (flat-band voltage noise spectral density, etc) are extracted and analysis.
Deposition of Mo Oxide and Metallic Mo Films by Chemical Vapor Transport of MoO3(OH)2 (2009)

Abstract Molybdenum oxides have attracted interest as gas sensing, catalytic, photochromic, and electrochromic materials. Molybdenum coatings are currently applied to materials for friction and wear control over a wide temperature range; they are also resistant to corrosion and chemicals. In this study, a new technique for deposition of MoO 2 and metallic Mo, through the chemical vapor transport (CVT) of MoO 3 (OH) 2 during hydrogen reduction of a MoO 3 powder, is presented. MoO 2 and metallic Mo are deposited in two temperature ranges during hydrogen reduction, namely, MoO 3 → MoO 2 and MoO 2 → Mo, respectively. The MoO 2 film is directly deposited by using volatile MoO 3 (OH) 2 gas formed during the hydrogen reduction of MoO 3 to MoO 2 at the lower temperature, while metallic Mo film is obtained by simultaneous hydrogen reduction of deposited MoO 2 at the higher temperature.
Evaluation of Preferential Alignment of Biological Apatite (BAp) Crystallites in Bone using Transmission X-ray Diffraction Optics (2009)

Two-dimensional quantitative analysis of point focus X-ray beam diffraction was performed using a transmission optics system to examine the biological apatite (BAp) orientation in the femurs of an osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse and a normal mouse. The Mo Kα (wavelength: 0.07107 nm) was used as characteristic X-ray radiation as a substitute for conventional Cu Kα (wavelength: 0.15418 nm) radiation. At first a theoretical calculation concerning with X-ray absorption and peak resolution was performed, and subsequently X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out to confirm the usefulness of the transmission X-ray method by Mo Kα radiation. The distribution of the preferential orientation of the BAp c-axis was finally measured and calculated as an integrated intensity ratio of (002)/(310) in a plane roughly containing the bone longitudinal axis. The result resembled analysis from a conventional reflection X-ray diffraction method by Cu Kα radiation but this transmission optics system was more convenient for the screening of BAp orientation in bones without sectioning. The distribution of the preferential alignment of the BAp c-axis was measured as a function of the longitudinal axis in the femurs of a 12-week mutant op/op mouse and a littermate control mouse. The preferential alignment of the BAp c-axis along the longitudinal direction is much lower in the op/op mouse than in the control mouse in all analytical positions. The transmission optics system using Mo Kα radiation in this study provides a fuss-free method for analyzing BAp orientation as a bone quality parameter.
Robust 4D flow denoising using divergence‐free wavelet transform (2014)

DFW denoising of four-dimensional flow data was shown to reduce noise levels in flow data both quantitatively and visually.