gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of 4-week Brain Endurance Training (BET) on Cognitive and Physical Performance in Professional Football Players (2019)

PURPOSE: It has been hypostasized that acute negative effect of mental fatigue (MF) could potentially become a training stimulus for the brain (Brain endurance training [BET]) to adapt and improve its ability to better sustain or attenuate MF states during sport competitions. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of BET to reduce fatigue during a battery of cognitive and physical tests in players from a professional football team. We hypothesised that combination of BET and standard physical training during a 4-week period would increase cognitive capacity and physical football performance by increasing resilience to fatigue, more than standard football training alone. METHODS: 24 professional football players were randomly assigned to 2 different training groups: BET and Control. Both groups completed 20 supervised physical training sessions. Immediately after each session BET group completed on average 400 min (20 min/session) of cognitive training. Control group, instead, was asked to listen to neutral music for the same amount of time. Endurance performance (30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test), Sprint and Decision Making (RSA Random Test), Reactive Agility alongside with cognitive performance (STROOP Task) were measured at baseline (pre-test) and after 4 weeks of training (post-test). Data were analysed using mixed model ANOVAs. RESULTS: STROOP task showed reaction time in both groups decreased at post-test. However, BET decreased significantly more compared to control group (p < 0.02) despite no significant differences in accuracy. BET group completed the reactive agility test significantly faster than the control group (p < 0.05) and with lesser fouls (p < 0.03). During the RSA Random Test no significant differences were found between the groups for linear acceleration phase (first 10 m). However, BET group completed significantly faster (p < 0.05) the decisional phase (second 10 m). Distance covered during the 30-15 test showed there was no difference in the performance of the BET group. However, control group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in performance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence that the combination of BET and standard football training is more effective than standard training alone in boosting cognitive and physical performance in elite football players.
Suicide Mortality in the United States, 1999-2017. (2018)

Since 2008, suicide has ranked as the 10th leading cause of death for all ages in the United States (1). In 2016, suicide became the second leading cause of death for ages 10-34 and the fourth leading cause for ages 35-54 (1). Although the Healthy People 2020 target is to reduce suicide rates to 10.2 per 100,000 by 2020 (2), suicide rates have steadily increased in recent years (3,4). This data brief uses final mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to update trends in suicide mortality from 1999 through 2017 and to describe differences by sex, age group, and urbanization level of the decedent's county of residence.
The preparation of biotinyl‐ε‐aminocaproylated forms of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as probes for the VIP receptor (1991)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproylated using sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido) hexanoate thereby producing a series of products that were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Seven VIP-derivatives were isolated and the number and location of biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproylation was determined by a combination of enzymatic degradation and plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS). Receptor binding experiments with the VIP biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproylated derivatives revealed IC50 values for the monobiotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproylated peptides that were 1.3-3.2 times higher than for natural VIP. All isolated biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproylated derivatives possess VIP-like bioactivity as shown by an assay measuring pancreatic juice secretion in cat, VIP biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproylated in position lysine being almost equipotent with natural VIP.
Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair gene inactivation in sporadic pancreatic and colon tumours (1999)

Genomic instability has been proposed as a new mechanism of carcinogenesis involved in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and in a large number of sporadic cancers like pancreatic and colon tumours. Mutations in human mismatch repair genes have been found in HNPCC patients, but their involvement in sporadic cancer has not been clarified yet. In this study we screened 21 pancreatic and 23 colorectal sporadic cancers for microsatellite instability by ten and six different microsatellite markers respectively. Microsatellite alterations were observed at one or more loci in 66.6% (14/21) of pancreatic cancers and in 26% (6/23) colon tumours, but all the pancreatic and half of the colon samples showed a low rate of microsatellite instability. All the unstable samples were further analysed for mutations in the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes and for hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter region. Alterations in the hMLH1 gene were found only in colorectal tumours with a large presence of microsatellite instability. None of the pancreatic tumours showed any alteration in the two genes analysed. Our results demonstrate that microsatellite instability is unlikely to play a role in the tumorigenesis of sporadic pancreatic cancers and confirm the presence of mismatch repair gene alterations only in sporadic colon tumours with a highly unstable phenotype.
Profound hyponatraemia in the emergency department: seasonality and risk factors (2016)

The incidence of profound hyponatraemia was higher during the summer than the winter and was associated with excess risk of overall mortality. The use of thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretics was associated with the highest risk of hyponatraemia.
Novel Hybrid Monomers Bearing Cycloaliphatic Epoxy and 1-Propenyl Ether Groups (1998)

The synthesis of a novel series of hybrid monomers containing cationically polymerizable cycloaliphatic epoxide and 1-propenyl ether functional groups in the same molecule has been conducted. Detailed structure−reactivity studies of the diaryliodonium salt-induced cationic photopolymerizations of these monomers indicate that the rate of epoxide ring-opening polymerization is markedly enhanced by the presence of the 1-propenyl ether group. At the same time, the polymerization of the 1-propenyl ether groups in such hybrid monomers is retarded. A mechanism involving the free-radical-induced decomposition of the photoinitiator has been proposed which serves to amplify the rate of the photoinitiated cationic epoxide ring-opening polymerization.
Single-molecule imaging of UvrA and UvrB recruitment to DNA lesions in living Escherichia coli (2016)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes chemically diverse DNA lesions in all domains of life. In Escherichia coli, UvrA and UvrB initiate NER, although the mechanistic details of how this occurs in vivo remain to be established. Here, we use single-molecule fluorescence imaging to provide a comprehensive characterization of the lesion search, recognition and verification process in living cells. We show that NER initiation involves a two-step mechanism in which UvrA scans the genome and locates DNA damage independently of UvrB. Then UvrA recruits UvrB from solution to the lesion. These steps are coordinated by ATP binding and hydrolysis in the 'proximal' and 'distal' UvrA ATP-binding sites. We show that initial UvrB-independent damage recognition by UvrA requires ATPase activity in the distal site only. Subsequent UvrB recruitment requires ATP hydrolysis in the proximal site. Finally, UvrA dissociates from the lesion complex, allowing UvrB to orchestrate the downstream NER reactions.
Overexpression of KIAA1199, a novel strong hyaluronidase, is a poor prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma (2021)

Our results showed that high expression of KIAA1199 and HA are both poor prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. KIAA1199 may be a useful marker for distant metastasis and chemoresistance.
C5 gene influences the development of murine myasthenia gravis. (1988)

The influence of the C5 gene and C5 deficiency on murine experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) susceptibility was evaluated. Two co-isogenic strains, B10.D2/nSn (C5 sufficient) and B10.D2/oSn (C5 deficient), which are genetically identical except for the C5 gene locus, were immunized with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in CFA to induce myasthenia gravis. Both strains had equivalent concentration of serum autoantibodies to muscle AChR and antibodies bound to muscle AChR. C5-sufficient B10.D2/nSn, but not C5-deficient B10.D2/oSn, demonstrated increased incidence of clinical disease and death and lost significant amounts of muscle AChR. Therefore, C5 deficiency in B10.D2/oSn prevented EAMG. C5 gene, which codes for C component C5, may influence EAMG pathogenesis through activation of the terminal lytic C sequence (C5 to C9) required for muscle AChR destruction, which is the primary pathology.
Computer Modelling of Phenolic Postcure (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Parts made from phenolic molding materials must be postcured to promote the thorough crosslinking required for end usage at temperatures above about 175°C. Since the time and energy used in postcuring can represent about ten percent of part cost, efficient postcuring offers significant potential savings.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on a kinetic description of the phenolic crosslinking reaction, we have developed a computer model to predict the development of the glass transition during postcure. This model provides a convenient CAD tool for minimizing postcuring costs.&lt;/div&gt;
Delayed Exciton Emission and Its Relation to Blinking in CdSe Quantum Dots (2015)

The efficiency and stability of emission from semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) is negatively affected by "blinking" on the single-nanocrystal level, that is, random alternation of bright and dark periods. The time scales of these fluctuations can be as long as many seconds, orders of magnitude longer than typical lifetimes of exciton states in QDs. In this work, we investigate photoluminescence from QDs delayed over microseconds to milliseconds. Our results prove the existence of long-lived charge-separated states in QDs. We study the properties of delayed emission as a direct way to learn about charge carrier separation and recovery of the exciton state. A new microscopic model is developed to connect delayed emission to exciton recombination and blinking from which we conclude that bright periods in blinking are in fact not characterized by uninterrupted optical cycling as often assumed.
Biomass deconstruction to sugars (2011)

The production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass relies on the depolymerization of its polysaccharide content into fermentable sugars. Accomplishing this requires pretreatment of the biomass to reduce its size, and chemical or physical alteration of the biomass polymers to enhance the susceptibility of their glycosidic linkages to enzymatic or acid catalyzed cleavage. Well-studied approaches include dilute and concentrated acid pretreatment and catalysis, and the dissolution of biomass in organic solvents. These and recently developed approaches, such as solubilization in ionic liquids, are reviewed in terms of the chemical and physical changes occurring in biomass pretreatment. As pretreatment represents one of the major costs in converting biomass to fuels, the factors that contribute to pretreatments costs, and their impact on overall process economics, are described.
A Five-Membered Ring Azo Compound. A Stereoselective Decomposition (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Five-Membered Ring Azo Compound. A Stereoselective DecompositionCharles G. Overberger and Jean-Pierre. AnselmeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 5, 869–870Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00864a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00864a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of Inflammatory Processes by Cell-Impermeable Inhibitors of Phospholipase A2 (1995)

Cell-impermeable inhibitors of phospholipase A2 were prepared by linking inhibiting molecules to macromolecular carriers which prevent the inhibitor's internalization. These preparations inhibit the release of oxygen reactive species from neutrophils and cell death induced by inflammatory agents, as well as bleomycin-induced lung injury.
Development of regenerative dye impregnated mesoporous silica materials for assessing exposure to ammonia (2012)

The mesostructured materials MCM-41 and SBA-15 were studied as possible supports of bromocresol green (BG) dye impregnation for the ammonia gas detection because of their large surface area, high regenerative property, and high thermal stability. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and N2 adsorption analysis were used to characterize the prepared materials. These materials could sense ammonia via visible color change from yellowish-orange to blue color. The color change process of the nanostructured materials was fully reversible during 10 cyclic tests. The results indicated that the ammonia absorption responses of the two nanostructured materials were both very sensitive, and high linear correlation and high precision were achieved. As the gaseous ammonia concentrations were 50 and 5 ppmv, the response times for the SBA-15/BG were only 1 and 5 min, respectively. Moreover the BG dye-impregnated SBA-15 was less affected by the variation in the relative humidity. It also had faster response for the detection of NH3, as well as lower manufacturing price as compared to that of the dye-impregnated MCM-41. Such feature enables SBA-15/BG to be a very promising material for the detection of ammonia gas.
Study on surge current and over-voltage of electric locomotive transformer (2008)

Loaded switches are frequent for the running electric locomotive. The frequencies, phases and amplitudes between the system voltage and residual voltage may be different when the transformer is put into use. The transient responses at different time points are thus analyzed to determine the optimal time to switch on the locomotive transformer and prevent the damage to the system.
Chloride transport in mortar at low moisture concentration (2013)

Chloride penetration into cementitious structures with a steel reinforcement results in corrosion of the steel. Concrete columns of bridges, which are in frequent contact with sea water, are an example of these structures. Understanding the chloride transport in cementitious materials can lead to improving their durability. In this paper, the chloride transport driven by moisture transport in various specimens is compared experimentally. Standard mortar specimens, with a water cement ratio of 0.5, are immersed into sodium chloride solutions to obtain specimens with the chloride mass percentage of 2.0%. The specimens, with initial chloride of 2.0%, are exposed to relative humidities of 55% at the top and 70% at the bottom, to obtain a moisture transport through the specimen, during 10 months. The chloride profiles before and after the experiment are compared. The concentration is measured with three techniques; Titration, Ion Chromatography and XRF. The results show that the chloride concentration measurement with Titration and Ion Chromatography are similar while the measurement with XRF is approximately 30% higher. Furthermore, due to the moisture transport through the specimen during 10 months, the total chloride content of the specimen seems to be decreased. Although that at the beginning of the experiment the chloride concentration at the surface is higher than the average concentration, this surface concentration at the end of the experiment is surprisingly lower than the average concentration.
Instruments for Characterization of Carbon Black and Polymers. (1984)

Abstract : An FTIR spectometer and a thermal analysis system composed of differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric balance, and data station are in use for the study of species adsorbed to carbon black and of polymer networks.
Approximate full wave method for electromagnetic analysis of thick apertures (2004)

An approximate full-wave method for the electromagnetic analysis of thick apertures is presented. The method has the great advantage of not increasing the computational burden with respect to the zero-thickness case. At the same time, the hindrance of evaluating the cavity Green's function for arbitrary shaped structures is avoided. The method shows good results when compared to the full-wave cavity analysis of apertures in metallic screens of practical thicknesses up to /spl lambda//10.
Application and development of synthetic polymer membranes. VI. Pervaporation of aqueous ethanol solution through quaternized poly[3‐(N′,N′‐dimethyl) aminopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylonitrile] membranes (1991)

Abstract Membranes obtained from polymers, quaternized poly[3‐( N ′, N ′‐dimethyl) aminopropylacrylamide‐ co ‐acrylonitrile]s, showed selective separation of water from aqueous ethanol solution by pervaporation. The separation factor toward water reached over 15,000. Membrane performance showed a good correlation to membrane polarity. Differential scanning calorimetric melting endotherms of the water‐swollen membranes were studied to clarify the state of water in the membranes. The results suggested that there are two states of water in the membrane: bound and free. The higher the fraction of bound water in the membrane, clearly, the more preferentially was water permeated.
Counteracting Byzantine adversaries with network coding: An overhead analysis (2008)

Network coding increases throughput and is robust against failures and erasures. However, since it allows mixing of information within the network, a single corrupted packet generated by a Byzantine attacker can easily contaminate the information to multiple destinations. In this paper, we study the transmission overhead associated with three different schemes for detecting Byzantine adversaries at a node using network coding: end-to-end error correction, packet-based Byzantine detection scheme, and generation-based Byzantine detection scheme. In end-to-end error correction, it is known that we can correct up to the min-cut between the source and destinations. However, if we use Byzantine detection schemes, we can detect polluted data, drop them, and therefore, only transmit valid data. For the dropped data, the destinations perform erasure correction, which is computationally lighter than error correction. We show that, with enough attackers present in the network, Byzantine detection schemes may improve the throughput of the network since we choose to forward only reliable information. When the probability of attack is high, a packet-based detection scheme is the most bandwidth efficient; however, when the probability of attack is low, the overhead involved with signing each packet becomes costly, and the generation-based scheme may be preferred. Finally, we characterize the tradeoff between generation size and overhead of detection in bits as the probability of attack increases in the network.
Cell Lysis Directed by SulA in Response to DNA Damage in Escherichia coli (2021)

The SOS response is induced upon DNA damage and the inhibition of Z ring formation by the product of the <i>sulA</i> gene, which is one of the LexA-regulated genes, allows time for repair of damaged DNA. On the other hand, severely DNA-damaged cells are eliminated from cell populations. Overexpression of <i>sulA</i> leads to cell lysis, suggesting SulA eliminates cells with unrepaired damaged DNA. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of <i>sulA</i> leads to up-regulation of numerous genes, including <i>soxS.</i> Deletion of <i>soxS</i> markedly reduced the extent of cell lysis by <i>sulA</i> overexpression and <i>soxS</i> overexpression alone led to cell lysis. Further experiments on the SoxS regulon suggested that LpxC is a main player downstream from SoxS. These findings suggested the SulA-dependent cell lysis (SDCL) cascade as follows: SulA→SoxS→LpxC. Other tests showed that the SDCL cascade pathway does not overlap with the apoptosis-like and <i>mazEF</i> cell death pathways.
A brief review of case-control studies of natural background radiation and childhood cancer in Great Britain (2016)

Studies of natural radiation and childhood cancer must be very large if they are to have sufficient power to detect the very small radiation effects expected. Conventional interview-based case control studies with a sufficiently large number of study subjects would be exceptionally expensive and would also be liable to bias which might lead to confounding that would dominate the results of the study. Record based studies, in which cases and controls are drawn from existing registers, have the potential to be large enough and to avoid the risk of bias. However, they will not have interview-based information on factors such as Socioeconomic Status, nor will they have direct measurements of radiation levels in the homes of study subjects. A large record-based case control study from Great Britain is reviewed here in the context of such case-control studies generally. This study has detected a statistically significant association between indoor gamma ray exposures and the incidence of childhood leukaemia. The risk factor was compatible with that extrapolated from higher dose studies, in particular those of the Atomic Bomb Survivors.
A History of Complement Genetics (1998)

After a brief review of the history of the complement system from the original observations in the 1880s, the history of complement genetics is outlined, beginning in 1919 with the recognition of the complement-deficient guinea pig. A highly personal view is then presented of the early days of the discovery of human complement structural gene polymorphisms and deficiencies, particularly those of C3, BF and factor I. Finally, some recent work based on features in the DNA of the MHC-encoded complement genes is outlined that sheds some light on their evolution.
State-Level Structural Stigma and Smoking Among Sexual Minority Adults in the USA, 2012–2014 (2020)

Findings lend support to addressing SM structural stigma as a driver of smoking, particularly among SM adults.