gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case of seronegative rheumatoid vasculitis with IgA nephropathy. (1986)

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of multiple leg ulcers, peripheral edema and pleurisy.Laboratory data were the following. Acute phase reactants increased slightly. Rheumatoid factors, antinuclear antibodies and serum immune complex were not detected. Serum complements were within normal limits. Urinalysis showed microscopic hematuria and proteinuria (<5g per day) . Histology of the kidney revealed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (IgA nephropathy) . Oral glucose tolerance test was normal pattern.There was a 2-year-history of polyarthritis. Within a year after first admission she experienced subcutaneous nodules and pericardial effusion. While serological tests for rheumatoid factors had been negative, she was diagnosed to have classical rheumatoid arthritis according to the ARA's criteria and was thought to have rheumatoid vasculitis. 10μg Lipo prostaglandin E1 i.v. daily infusion was performed and six weeks later her ulcers healed completely, while conventional prostaglandin E1 therapy for a month in another hospital had been not effective for them. We did not use corticosteroids because pleurisy and pericardial effusion also disappeared with rest.This was a rare case of seronegative rheumatoid vasculitis with IgA nephropathy.
Efficient routing in packet-radio networks using link-state information (2003)

We present the source-tree adaptive routing (STAR) protocol, which we show through simulation experiments to be far more efficient than the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, which has been shown to be one of the best performing on-demand routing protocols. A router in STAR communicates to its neighbors the parameters of its source routing tree, which consists of each link that the router needs to reach every destination. To conserve transmission bandwidth and energy, a router transmits changes to its source routing tree only when the router detects new destinations, the possibility of looping, or the possibility of node failures or network partitions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Targeting Interleukin-4 Receptor α with Hybrid Peptide for Effective Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 701K&lt;/p&gt;
Data from A Novel HSP90 Inhibitor Delays Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer without Altering Serum PSA Levels and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Prostate cancer responds initially to antiandrogen therapies; however, progression to castration-resistant disease frequently occurs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents that can prevent the emergence of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). HSP90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the stability of many client proteins including Akt and androgen receptor (AR). 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in various cancers; however, it induces tumor progression in the bone microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Cell growth, apoptosis, and AR transactivation were examined by crystal violet assay, flow cytometric, and luciferase assays, respectively. The consequence of HSP90 therapy &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; was evaluated in LNCaP xenograft model. The consequence of PF-04928473 therapy on bone metastasis was studied using an osteoclastogenesis &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; assay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; PF-04928473 inhibits cell growth in a panel of prostate cancer cells, induces cell-cycle arrest at sub-G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, and leads to apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity. These biological events were accompanied by decreased activation of Akt and Erk as well as decreased expression of Her2, and decreased AR expression and activation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. In contrast to 17-AAG, PF-04928473 abrogates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by affecting NF-κB activation and Src phosphorylation. Finally, PF-04929113 inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with controls. Surprisingly, PF-04929113 did not reduce serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;; in parallel, these decrease in tumor volume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These data identify significant anticancer activity of PF-04929113 in CRPC but suggest that serum PSA may not prove useful as pharmacodynamic tool for this drug. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2301–13. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Eine Untersuchung über ein Strahlungsbilanz-Radiometer auf einem geostationären Satelliten (1994)

For the new generation of the geostationary meteorological satellite METEOSAT a broadband radiometer - the Multispectral Medium Resolution Radiometer (MMRR) - has been proposed. Planetary radiation budget parameters could be determined from MMRR data for climate studies and validation of model performances. This low weight and low data rate instrument would provide measurements with a spatial resolution of 200 x 200 km2 near the subsatellite point. The time resolution would be 30 minutes. The combined use of broadband MMRR data with high resolution and multispectral data of the METEO-SAT imager would allow the calculation of earth radiation budget components of high spatial resolution. An error budget including spatial and temporal sampling errors is presented. High accuracy broadband radiance measurements are even possible from geostationary orbits.
Formation of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons via Chemical Unzipping (2013)

In this work, we carried out chemical oxidation studies of nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNx-MWCNTs) using potassium permanganate in order to obtain nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons. Reaction parameters such as oxidation reaction, reaction time, the oxidizer to nanotube mass ratio, and the temperature were varied, and their effect was carefully analyzed. The presence of nitrogen atoms makes CNx-MWCNTs more reactive toward oxidation when compared to undoped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that the oxidation of the graphitic layers within CNx-MWCNTs results in the unzipping of large diameter nanotubes and the formation of a disordered oxidized carbon coating on small diameter nanotubes. The nitrogen content within unzipped CNx-MWCNTs decreased as a function of the oxidation time, temperature, and oxidizer concentration. By controlling the degree of oxidation, the N atomic % could be reduced from 1.56% in pristine CNx-MWCNTs down to 0.31 atom % in nitrogen-doped oxidized graphene nanoribbons. A comparative thermogravimetric analysis reveals a lower thermal stability of the (unzipped) oxidized CNx-MWCNTs when compared to MWCNT samples. The oxidized graphene nanoribbons were chemically and thermally reduced and yielded nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons (N-GNRs). The thermal reduction at relatively low temperature (300 °C) results in graphene nanoribbons with 0.37 atom % of nitrogen. This method represents a novel route to preparation of bulk quantities of nitrogen-doped unzipped carbon nanotubes, which is able to control the doping level in the resulting reduced GNR samples. Finally, the electrochemical properties of these materials were evaluated.
Advantages of IRMA over RIA in the Measurement of ACTH (1989)

A technically simple and rapid two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for human ACTH, based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), was compared with a clinically validated ACTH radioimmunoassay (RIA). Both methods measure ACTH 1-39 in unextracted plasma and cross-react less than 0.5% with ACTH fragments. ACTH levels were assessed in 103 patient samples: for concentrations in the range 5.3-1000 ng/L, results by the two methods were significantly correlated (r = 0.82, n = 86, P less than 0.001). The IRMA was more sensitive and had a wider working range than the RIA (detection limits 5.3 ng/L (IRMA) vs 11 ng/L (RIA); CV less than 10% between 19 and 1000 ng/L (IRMA) and CV less than 15% between 30 and 400 ng/L (RIA). In two patients for whom discrepant results were obtained, measurement of ACTH by bioassay and ACTH precursors by direct IRMA demonstrated the greater accuracy of the ACTH IRMA result. The improved performance of the IRMA combined with its many practical advantages compared to RIA, make it ideal for use in detailed clinical and physiological studies which have previously been hampered by the poor reliability of ACTH measurement.
Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical detection of dysplasia (2010)

Improved methods for detecting dysplasia, or pre-cancerous growth are a current clinical need, particularly in the esophagus. The currently accepted method of random biopsy and histological analysis provides only a limited examination of tissue in question while being coupled with a long time delay for diagnosis. Light scattering spectroscopy, in contrast, allows for inspection of the cellular structure and organization of tissue in vivo. Fourier-domain angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is a novel light scattering spectroscopy technique that provides quantitative depth-resolved morphological measurements of the size and optical density of the examined cell nuclei, which are characteristic biomarkers of dysplasia. Previously, clinical viability of the a/LCI system was demonstrated through analysis of ex vivo human esophageal tissue in Barrett's esophagus patients using a portable a/LCI, as was the development of a clinical a/LCI system. Data indicating the feasibility of the technique in other organ sites (colon, oral cavity) will be presented. We present an adaptation of the a/LCI system that will be used to investigate the presence of dysplasia in vivo in Barrett's esophagus patients.
A 64 b microprocessor with multimedia support (2002)

A quad-issue microprocessor chip implements a 64 b architecture extension to a popular 32 b RISC instruction set. Additional instructions and dedicated hardware provide up to 10/spl times/ speed-up of image processing and rendering algorithms, including video compression/decompression and texture-mapped 3D triangles. The chip contains 5.2M transistors on a 17.7/spl times/17.8 mm/sup 2/ die in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS with 4 metal layers. The package is a 620-pin plastic BGA with 187 power and ground pins. Operating at 167 MHz, it dissipates less than 30 W from a 3.3 V supply.
Glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (1992)

The gene for the Glu-tRNA synthetase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was isolated using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe coding for the N-terminal amino acid sequence of Glu-tRNA synthetase. Nucleotide-sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame coding for a protein composed of 468 amino acid residues (Mr 53,901). Codon usage in the T. thermophilus Glu-tRNA synthetase gene was in fact similar to the characteristic usages in the genes for proteins from bacteria of genus Thermus: the G + C content in the third position of the codons was as high as 94%. In contrast, the amino acid sequence of T. thermophilus Glu-tRNA synthetase showed high similarity with bacterial Glu-tRNA synthetases (35-45% identity); the sequences of the binding sites for ATP and for the 3' terminus of tRNA(Glu) are highly conserved. The Glu-tRNA synthetase gene was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter. The recombinant T. thermophilus Glu-tRNA synthetase was extremely thermostable and was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment and three-step column chromatography. Single crystals of T. thermophilus Glu-tRNA synthetase were obtained from poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 solution by a vapor-diffusion technique. The crystals diffract X-rays beyond 0.35 nm. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters of a = 8.64 nm, b = 8.86 nm and c = 8.49 nm.
The role of interleukin 2 in the regulation of proliferation and IgM synthesis of human newborn mononuclear cells. (1989)

The effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) was studied, with special reference to B cell function. The study shows that CBMCs proliferate in response to recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) without in-vitro preactivation. The response was also detected when whole blood cultures were used. CBMCs not preactivated in vitro proliferated in response to rIL-2 even after T cell and monocyte depletion. Thus, rIL-2 affects both non-T cells and T cells of newborns without preactivation in vitro. IL-2 receptors on unstimulated CBMCs appear to be distinct from Tac antigen, as the mean number of Tac antigen-positive cells among CBMCs was only 0.8%. Furthermore, rIL-2 inhibited PWM-induced proliferation and the response was more prominent in newborns than in adults. Thus, rIL-2 seems to cause a higher increase of suppressor cell function in CBMCs than in adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neither rIL-2 nor Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC) stimulated any IgM synthesis, but a dose-dependent IgM synthesis was obtained by combining SAC and rIL-2. Alone, however, rIL-2 appears to be an insufficient factor to induce differentiation of SAC-activated cord blood B cells, as no IgM production in response to rIL-2 occurred in T cell and monocyte-depleted cell populations. The results of this study suggest both increased suppressor cell function and intrinsic B cell deficiency as causes of a weak humoral immune response in newborns.
Electroreduction of 5-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofuran Derivative: A Facile Access to A Key Intermediate for ACAT Inhibitors (1994)

Electroreduction of 5-chloro-7-nitro-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan in a DMF-tBuOH/Bu4NBF4/Zn-Zn system effected conversion of the nitro group into amine and ensuing removal of the chlorine atom in one pot, leading to a pivotal precursor for ACAT inhibitors.
Investigation of high-temperature bulk transport characteristics and skew scattering in samarium hexaboride (2019)

A well-known feature in transport data of the topological Kondo insulator SmB$_6$ is the sign change in the Hall coefficient at 65 K. Carriers in SmB$_6$ are known to be negative, but above 65 K, the Hall sign suggests that the carriers are positive. Here, we extend Hall measurements up to 400 K and observe that the Hall coefficient changes back to the correct (negative) sign at about 305 K. We interpret the anomalous sign of the Hall coefficient in the context of skew scattering arising from the strong correlations between the $f$ and $d$ electrons. At energy scales where the gap is closed, the number of $d$ electrons in resonance with the $f$ electrons at the Fermi energy varies. When a large proportion of $d$ and $f$ electrons are in resonance, skew scattering is dominant, leading to the observation of the positive sign, but when fewer are in resonance, conventional scattering mechanisms dominate instead.
Unrecognized Durotomy After Lumbar Discectomy (2001)

ADCON-L may inhibit dural healing and exacerbate cerebral spinal fluid leak from microscopic durotomies not recognized at the time of surgery.
P1‐343: Discovery of blood gene expression biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease using the human genome‐wide splice array (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. In addition to a need for novel disease-modifying treatments that would slow down or stop the progression of the pathology, there is also a demand for innovative diagnostic assays. Efforts are ongoing in imaging technologies (structural and functional) and in in vitro biomarkers, mostly focusing on cerebrospinal fluid. Less invasive assays using peripheral blood would obviously be preferred. Gene expression profiling from whole blood represents an attractive new avenue for biomarkers discovery. There are several lines of evidence why specific gene expression signatures could be identified from the blood of AD patients, such as alterations in immune responses including changes in lymphocyte and macrophage activation or releases of specific mediators. ExonHit's SpliceArray™ represents a novel generation of microarrays that incorporate a specific probe configuration, enabling an exhaustive monitoring of the transcriptome which includes splice variants. The Human Genome Wide SpliceArray which profile close to 21,000 human genes covering almost 140,000 splice events has been used in our biomarker discovery process. One hundred fifty AD and non AD patients have been screened using our platform; several algorithms were used to identify the best classification models for binary response. Support Vector Machine, a learning algorithm, provided a model that correctly assigned correctly more then 95% of the patients clinically probable AD and age/sex matched non AD patients using a 170 probe set signature. Functionally, this signature highlights genes involved in cholesterol and lipids homeostasis, APP processing, calcium signalling, cytoskeleton organisation, senile plaque formation, protein turnover and immune responses. This enhanced view of the human trancriptome led to the discovery of sensitive and specific AD related biomarkers from whole blood. A prototype diagnostic microarray will next be used in a prospective clinical trial enrolling cohorts of patients suffering from Alzheimer disease, non-AD dementia and neurodegenerative disease free patients.
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ANTIGENS AND MURINE ISLET ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL (1991)

Immunomodulation of rodent islets can significantly prolong allograft survival. We utilized a murine model of primary islet transplantation to study the relationship between allograft survival and the quantitative pretransplant expression of class I and II MHC antigens in freshly isolated CBA/J islets, and islets subjected to 37 degrees C tissue culture, brief culture at 7 degrees C, or exposure of the donor to lipopolysaccharide. Seven-day culture resulted in decreased class II expression, a tendency to decreased class I expression, and a significant prolongation of allograft survival. Brief culture at 7 degrees C resulted in increased class I expression, a trend to decreased class II expression, and no significant change in allograft survival. Donor pretreatment with LPS resulted in increased class I expression without significant change in class II expression and was correlated with prolongation of allograft survival. These studies demonstrate that an upregulation of MHC class I by in vitro or in vivo islet pretreatment is not associated with an acceleration of islet rejection. Reduction of class II was associated with delayed rejection. These results do not support a major role of the indirect pathway of antigen presentation in islet rejection in vivo. Certain protocols that alter the usual expression of class I and II on pancreatic islets are associated with alteration in the initiation and/or propagation of the normal cell-mediated rejection process, suggesting that the concept of pretransplant treatment should continue to be pursued.
Genomics of theBacillus cereusgroup of organisms (2005)

Members of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Collectively, these organisms represent microbes of high economic, medical and biodefense importance. Given this significance, this group contains the highest number of closely related fully sequenced genomes, giving the unique opportunity for thorough comparative genomic analyses. Much of the disease and host specificity of members of this group can be attributed to their plasmids, which vary in size and number. Chromosomes exhibit a high level of synteny and protein similarity, with limited differences in gene content, questioning the speciation of the group members. Genomic data have spurred functional studies that combined microarrays and proteomics. Recent advances are reviewed in this article and highlight the advantages of genomic approaches to the study of this important group of bacteria.
Simulating particle influence on silicon nitride strip waveguide single-mode parameters (2019)

Detecting and classifying particles over a wide range of types and sizes is essential for precise air quality determination. In this study the use of optical waveguide-based particle detection is examined using finite element method (FEM) based simulations. The simulation model assumes a silicon nitride strip waveguide and is built up in 3D using the Comsol Multiphysics platform. The waveguide geometry parameters were varied to identify suitable geometries for single-mode wave guidance of the fundamental quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. The geometries with their according effective wave indices are reported. Furthermore, the intensity and phase changes of the single-mode wave introduced by the presence of a particle are analyzed und the underlying physical effects are discussed for spherical particles of radii from 50 to 500 nm. The results show non-linear and non-monotonic behavior and give substantial input to understand basic particle interaction with waveguide structures. Furthermore, they provide helpful knowledge for designing waveguide-based particle detectors.
Publisher Correction: The photoelastic coefficient $${P}_{12}$$ of H+ implanted GaAs as a function of defect density (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
A millimeter-wave ultra-compact broadband diode mixer using modified marchand balun (2005)

In this paper, a broadband mixer has been developed using 0.15-m pHEMT technology. This singly balanced mixer was realized by using Schottky diodes. A modified Marchand balun was employed at the LO port and matched to the diodes directly to achieve wideband performance and compact size. This diode mixer achieves conversion loss of better than 10 dB from 46 to 78 GHz with LO power of 12.5 dBm, and the chip size is only 0.57 mm x 0.52 mm. Compared with previously reported MMIC mixers in millimeter-wave frequencies, this circuit has the smallest chip size with competitive performance and wide bandwidth.
Automated System of Controlling Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Group Flight (2019)

In this chapter, the authors present a problem of a performance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) group flights for a solution of different tasks using criteria of efficiency (safety, regularity, efficiency, economy) and criteria of reliability (connectivity, structural redundancy, survivability, and compactness of connections; the relative distance between UAVs; centrality and periphery of UAVs in the group; the level of system centralizing; etc.). It used graph theory for quantitative estimation of effectiveness of UAVs group flight. It presented all types of UAVs connections in the group (a star, ring, tree, with a common tire, mixed, cellular, etc.). The algorithm for finding central drone repeater (CDR) in a group of the UAVs for sending a control signal to other UAVs in the group was obtained. Examples of for determining the central drone and of the optimal topology in a group of the UAVs in flight are presented.
Study on the “Going-Out” Business Mode of Chinese Enterprise (2009)

“Going-out” is an inevitable way for Chinese enterprises going abroad. Firstly this paper introduces the popular operations of world enterprises going out. Then, by analyzing some successful Chinese enterprises, this paper makes deep studies on certain enterprises. Finally, this paper summarizes four modes and puts forward a business mode that is right for most Chinese enterprises.