gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atopic dermatitis (2011)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic skin disorder that can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals as well as their families. Although the pathogenesis of the disorder is not completely understood, it appears to result from the complex interplay between defects in skin barrier function, environmental and infectious agents, and immune abnormalities. There are no specific diagnostic tests for AD; therefore, the diagnosis is based on specific clinical criteria that take into account the patient's history and clinical manifestations. Successful management of the disorder requires a multifaceted approach that involves education, optimal skin care practices, anti-inflammatory treatment with topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), the use of first-generation antihistamines to help manage sleep disturbances, and the treatment of skin infections. Systemic corticosteroids may also be used, but are generally reserved for the acute treatment of severe flare-ups. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line pharmacologic treatments for AD, and evidence suggests that these agents may also be beneficial for the prophylaxis of disease flare-ups. Although the prognosis for patients with AD is generally favourable, those patients with severe, widespread disease and concomitant atopic conditions, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, are likely to experience poorer outcomes.
Human fibroblast‐derived molecules as antigens in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for coeliac disease‐specific IgA (1997)

We have recently shown that cultured human fibroblasts synthesize and secrete protein molecules that bind to IgA-class anti-reticulin and anti-endomysium antibodies but not to anti-gliadin antibodies in coeliac disease patient sera. In the present report, we describe a reproducible method for purification of these antigen molecules from fibroblast culture medium. Using reversed-phase chromatography as the final purification step, four different protein molecules reacting with coeliac disease patient sera IgA were obtained. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for coeliac disease-specific IgA, a mixture of 0.5 microgram of the four reversed-phase-separated molecules was used as antigen. The optical density values in ELISA of the sera from newly diagnosed coeliac disease patients (n = 34) were 0.740-3.400 (mean 1.830) and in control patients (n = 66) 0.090-0.850 (mean 0.320). Using an arbitrary cut-off level of 0.700, the sensitivity of the present autoantibody test was 100%, specificity 91% and positive predictive value 85%. Our identified autoantigens may generate the production of the classical tissue antibodies, known as anti-reticulin and anti-endomysium antibodies, and may be used as antigen in an immunoassay for the antibodies.
Organs Await Blood Vessels' Go Signal (2001)

Blood vessels are the body9s plumbing, supplying food and oxygen and removing waste. Now two papers published online this week by
 Science
 (www.sciencexpress.org) show that blood vessels play a more active role than previously believed: They help direct the construction of the body they serve. The teams report that blood vessels induce development of the pancreas and liver--even before the blood vessels are functioning.
Toward Centimeter-Scale Human Activity Sensing with Wi-Fi Signals (2017)

By allowing centimeter-scale human activity sensing with Wi-Fi signals, the Fresnel zone model could revolutionize wireless sensing and Internet of Things applications. The web extra at www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_vR6O8706g demonstrates how the Fresnel zone model can be leveraged for device-free sensing of human activities such as respiration and walking.
Pakistolides A and B, Novel Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Dimeric 4‐(Glucosyloxy)Benzoates from Berchemia pakistanica (2004)

Abstract Pakistolides A and B, novel dimeric β ‐(glucosyloxy)benzoates were isolated from Berchemia pakistanica and assigned structures 1 and 2 on the basis of extensive NMR studies. In addition, the known compounds 7,5′‐dimethoxy‐3,5,2′‐trihydroxyflavone (=3,5‐dihydroxy‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)‐7‐methoxy‐4 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one), 4′,5‐dihydroxy‐3,6,7‐trimethoxyflavone (=5‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3,6,7‐trimethoxy‐4 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one), 5,6‐dihydroxy‐4,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐methylanthracene‐9,10‐dione, and 1,3,4‐trihydroxy‐6,7,8‐trimethoxy‐2‐methylanthracene‐9,10‐dione were reported for the first time from the genus Berchemia. Both 1 and 2 showed significant α ‐glucosidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities, while 2 also showed antioxidant potential.
Optimum resource allocation in optical wireless systems with energy-efficient fog and cloud architectures (2020)

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a promising technology that can provide high data rates while supporting multiple users. The optical wireless (OW) physical layer has been researched extensively, however, less work was devoted to multiple access and how the OW front end is connected to the network. In this paper, an OWC system which employs a wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) scheme is studied, for the purpose of supporting multiple users. In addition, a cloud/fog architecture is proposed for the first time for OWC to provide processing capabilities. The cloud/fog-integrated architecture uses visible indoor light to create high data rate connections with potential mobile nodes. These OW nodes are further clustered and used as fog mini servers to provide processing services through the OW channel for other users. Additional fog-processing units are located in the room, the building, the campus and at the metro level. Further processing capabilities are provided by remote cloud sites. Two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models were proposed to numerically study networking and processing in OW systems. The first MILP model was developed and used to optimize resource allocation in the indoor OWC systems, in particular, the allocation of access points (APs) and wavelengths to users, while the second MILP model was developed to optimize the placement of processing tasks in the different fog and cloud nodes available. The optimization of tasks placement in the cloud/fog-integrated architecture was analysed using the MILP models. Multiple scenarios were considered where the mobile node locations were varied in the room and the amount of processing and data rate requested by each OW node was varied. The results help to identify the optimum colour and AP to use for communication for a given mobile node location and OWC system configuration, the optimum location to place processing and the impact of the network architecture. This article is part of the theme issue 'Optical wireless communication'.
Directly Observing the Motion of DNA Molecules near Solid-State Nanopores (2012)

We investigate the diffusion and the drift motion of λ DNA molecules near solid-state nanopores prior to their translocation through the nanopores using fluorescence microscopy. The radial dependence of the electric field near a nanopore generated by an applied voltage in ionic solution can be estimated quantitatively in 3D by analyzing the motion of negatively charged DNA molecules. We find that the electric field is approximately spherically symmetric around the nanopore under the conditions investigated. In addition, DNA clogging at the nanopore was directly observed. Surprisingly, the probability of the clogging event increases with increasing external bias voltage. We also find that DNA molecules clogging the nanopore reduce the electric field amplitude at the nanopore membrane surface. To better understand these experimental results, analytical method with Ohm's law and computer simulation with Poisson and Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are used to calculate the electric field near the nanopore. These results are of great interest in both experimental and theoretical considerations of the motion of DNA molecules near voltage-biased nanopores. These findings will also contribute to the development of solid-state nanopore-based DNA sensing devices.
Catalytic Conversion of Brown Grease to Green Diesel via Decarboxylation over Activated Carbon Supported Palladium Catalyst (2013)

The decarboxylation of brown grease (BG) to green diesel hydrocarbons over a 5 wt % Pd/C catalyst was investigated in semibatch and batch reactors. Catalytic deoxygenation of BG under H2–Ar occurs primarily via decarboxylation with the liquid products of primarily n-heptadecane and n-pentadecane. A 90% conversion of BG in a semibatch mode was obtained in 7 h. In contrast, in a batch reaction the conversion was roughly 40% in the same reaction time. However, by pretreating the “as received” BG with H2, the conversion in a batch reactor was increased 1.4-fold; and when the H2 to BG ratio was increased to 3/1 (mol/mol), the conversion was further improved. A complete conversion of BG into green diesel via decarboxylation is possible over 5% Pd/C catalyst at 300 °C and 1.5 MPa. This study demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining valuable green diesel biofuel from waste oil.
The impact of abn(17p) and monosomy −5/del(5q) on the prognostic value of the monosomal karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia (2013)

To the editor:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with monosomal karyotype (MK) at diagnosis has been established as a subset of AML patients with very poor prognosis. After the initial publication by the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (HOVON/
Synthesis of divinylbenzene-maleic anhydride microspheres using precipitation polymerization (1998)

Narrow disperse micron-range divinylbenzene-maleic anhydride microspheres have been prepared in near quantitative yields using precipitation polymerization. A variety of solvents were investigated for use as the reaction medium with a 40:60 mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and heptane providing the best results. The effects of solvent composition on particle size and morphology and monomer loading effects were also investigated. Particle size decreased with increasing solvency (increasing MEK fraction) while increases in monomer loading caused larger particle sizes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2223–2227, 1998
A Widespread Myth About Point-of-Care Devices (2011)

A myth about point-of-care (POC) devices is that external quality control (QC) is of no value. Random and persistent errors are examined for POC and random access analyzers to show that external QC has the same value regardless of the type of device.
A case of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma characterized by multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytogenetics (2001)

Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a neoplasm of mature helper (CD4) T lymphocytes. Little is known, however, about the chromosome aberrations associated with the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Using molecular cytogenetic techniques we, therefore, investigated a 44-year-old man who had a 7-year history of ATLL with cutaneous involvement mimicking primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Conventional cytogenetics revealed gross chromosomal changes with chromosome numbers ranging from 71 to 82. There were structural abnormalities of chromosomes 7 and 9, partial deletions of chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 6, and loss of chromosomes 2, 4, 9, 11--14, 21 and 22. Multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) identified two derivative chromosomes, der(6)t(6;7)(q16;q21) and der(7)t(6;7)(q16;q21)ins(6;12)(q2?;?), and a deletion of chromosome 1p. Conventional FISH confirmed the M-FISH findings. Comparative genomic hybridization of the blood revealed gains of DNA copy number at 1q12--25, 6p24--25, 9p23, 16p13--q13, 17q11--21, 19p13 and 20q13 and loss at 11p15 while lymph nodes showed gains at 3p22--24, 3q27--29, 7q36 and 15q26 and losses at 2p24--25, 2q37, 10p14--15, 11p15, 13q33--34 and 16p13.3. No DNA copy number changes were seen in a skin lesion. These results show the extent of genetic abnormalities within this malignancy.
Lecithin is not effective in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1982)

Eleven patients with motor neuron disease (9 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, one with spinal muscular atrophy, and one with postpolio motor neuron disease) were treated with lecithin (55% phosphatidylcholine, 20 gm per day) for 3 to 12½ months. Response was measured by quantitated muscle testing and functional evaluations of patients and untreated, matched controls. Lecithin therapy did not provide therapeutic benefit.
Decreased gremlin 1 expression in women with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 is mediated by interleukin 10 and interleukin 1β in the follicular fluid (2020)

Our findings suggest that follicular inflammation associated with obesity impacts cumulus cell signaling. At a molecular level, derangements to the immune system resulting in decreased <i>GREM1</i> expression may be a partial explanation for the suboptimal ICSI outcomes observed with obesity.
Biocatalytic Processes Using Ionic Liquids and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2010)

Abstract Biocatalytic processes based on ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical carbon dioxide are interesting alternatives to organic solvents for designing clean synthetic chemical processes to obtain pure products directly. In such enzymatic processes, the classical advantages of supercritical carbon dioxide to extract, dissolve and transport chemicals are compromised by the denaturing effect that it has on enzymes. On the other hand, ILs have shown themselves to be excellent non‐aqueous environments for enzyme catalysis. Biphasic systems based on ILs and supercritical carbon dioxide have been proposed as the first approach to integral green bioprocesses in non‐aqueous media, where both the biocatalytic and extraction steps are coupled in an environmentally benign and efficient reaction/separation process.
Simultaneous Isolation of CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells Specific for Multiple Viruses for Broad Antiviral Immune Reconstitution After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2011)

Opportunistic viral infections can cause serious morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clinical studies have shown that adoptive transfer of donor-derived T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human adenovirus (HAdV) can be a safe and effective treatment of infections with these major viral pathogens. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the simultaneous isolation of coordinated CD8(+) and CD4(+) memory T-cell responses against a broad repertoire of viral epitopes. To ensure that the method was applicable to a wide variety of virus-specific T cells that may differ in phenotypic and functional properties, we focused on T cells specific for the persistent viruses, CMV and EBV, and T cells specific for HAdV and influenza (FLU), which are not repetitively activated in vivo after initial viral clearance. Following in vitro activation, nearly all T cells specific for these viruses produced interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α, and expressed CD137, whereas the populations varied in the production of interleukin-2, degranulation, and expression of phenotypic markers. Different kinetics of IFN-γ production were observed in CMV/EBV-specific T cells and HAdV/FLU-specific T cells. However, after the stimulation of peripheral blood from seropositive donors with viral protein-spanning peptide pools, the activated virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells could be simultaneously isolated by either IFN-γ-based or CD137-based enrichment. This study provides an efficient and widely applicable strategy for the isolation of virus-specific T cells, which may be used for the reconstitution of virus-specific immunity in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients.
Incidence of Antiheparin−Platelet Factor 4 Antibodies and Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Turkish Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (2007)

The frequency of antiheparin-platelet factor 4 antibodies by means of antigenic and functional assays ((14) C-serotonin release assay and citrated plasma platelet aggregation) was determined in 115 Turkish patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples were taken immediately before surgery and on days 5 and 10 +/- 2. Platelet counts were recorded and thrombotic events were determined by clinical methods. Antibody generation measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before surgery (n = 44) and on days 5 (n = 44) and 10 (n = 115) was 15.9%, 34.1%, and 65.2%, respectively. Positive samples from functional assays were 4.4% on day 0 and 7.0% on day 10. All positive samples had been negative on day 0. A high frequency of antiheparin-platelet factor 4 antibody generation and a low frequency of clinical heparin-induced thrombocytopenia were determined in these patients. These results obtained for Turkish patients are similar to those of other studies of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Predicting Field Coupling to an IC Using Measured Coupling Factors (2014)

High-strength electric and magnetic fields can capacitively or inductively couple energy to integrated circuits (ICs) and cause them to fail. While measurements can show when an IC will fail, they do not provide insight into the mechanisms for failure. Modeling the response of the IC to these fields is challenging, in part because of the small features of the IC and the large amount of circuitry information that must be included from the IC and printed circuit board. The goal of the following work is to develop a methodology for predicting the voltage or current on the pins of the IC from incident electric or magnetic fields. The method is based on measuring “coupling factors,” which show the relationship between a specific field component and the IC response. These coupling factors can be determined by placing the IC in a known electric or magnetic field within a transverse electromagnetic cell and measuring the response. The developed technique was validated by predicting the response of a commercially available 8-bit microcontroller to the electromagnetic fields generated by the nearby discharge of an electrostatic discharge gun. The proposed approach allows the prediction of the waveforms and a better understanding of failure mechanisms without the need to know or model IC geometry and circuitry.
Synthesis and blood pressure lowering activity of 3-(substituted-amino)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1-oxide derivatives (1980)

A series of (substituted amino)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1-oxides has been synthesized and most members of the series have been shown to have blood pressure lowering effects in normotensive rabbits and in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The most active member of the series was 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1-oxide hydrochloride. This compound in animal tests was equipotent to the known antihypertensive Prazosin.
A Boundary Integral Equation Scheme for Simulating the Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Response of Metallic Antennas at Deep-Nanometer Scales (2018)

Modeling the interaction between light and a plasmonic nanoantenna, whose critical dimension is of a few nanometers, is complex owing to the “hydrodynamic” motion of free electrons in a metal. Such a hydrodynamic effect inevitably leads to a nonlocal material response, which enables the propagation of longitudinal electromagnetic waves in the material. In this paper, within the framework of a boundary integral equation and a method of moments algorithm, a computational scheme is developed for predicting the interaction of light with 3-D nonlocal hydrodynamic metallic nanoparticles of arbitrary shape. The numerical implementation is first demonstrated for the test example of a canonical spherical structure. The calculated results are shown to be in the excellent agreement with the theoretical results obtained with the generalized Mie theory. In addition, the capability of treating 3-D structures of general shapes is demonstrated by ellipsoids and dimers.
SPSA‐NC: simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation localization based on neighbor confidence (2015)

Abstract Accuracy is still the greatest challenge in the wireless sensor network localization efforts. Several diverse factors can give rise to localization errors. Modeling such diverse influencing factors to deliver a single, reasonably simple and practical solution is a difficult task. In order to address the problem of location inaccuracy, we propose a comparatively simple and ingenious approach, which is the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) localization engine. SPSA bypasses tedious modeling of the influencing factors where some of them are yet to be explored and random in nature. SPSA‐based localization estimates the non‐anchor node locations through minimizing the summation of estimated errors of all neighbors. However, the downside of SPSA is that it incurs errors in some specific relative neighborhood configurations often referred to as flip ambiguity. So, we further propose a solution to the flip ambiguity problem by implementing a constrained optimization with a penalty function method on the identified flip nodes. Most importantly, error propagation of the iterative localization algorithm is managed by incorporating a neighbor confidence matrix. We name this modified SPSA engine as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation by neighbor confidence (SPSA‐NC). Experimental results show that SPSA‐NC offers significantly better localization accuracy than its state‐of‐the‐art competitors, namely, simulated annealing and the ordinary SPSA. The SPSA‐NC program is available for downloading at http://www.dnagroup.org/SPSANC . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Variable switching frequency PWM for three-phase converter for loss and EMI improvement (2012)

Compared with the widely used constant switching frequency PWM method, variable switching frequency PWM can benefit more because of the extra freedom. Based on the analytical expression of current ripple of three-phase converter discussed in “Study of Analytical Current Ripple of Three-Phase PWM Converter” in APEC 2012, variable switching frequency PWM (VSFPWM) methods are proposed to satisfy different ripple requirements. Two methods are discussed in this paper. The first method (VSFPWM1) is designed to arrange the current ripple peak value within a certain value, and can reduce the equivalent switching frequency and EMI noise; the second method (VSFPWM2) is designed to keep ripple current RMS value constant and reduce the EMI noise. Simulation and experimental results show that variable switching frequency control could improve the performance.
Optimization of Cone-in-Shell Implosions (2008)

This report investigates the effectiveness of laser-driven fusion when cone-in-shell targets are used. Fast ignition, one method of laser-driven fusion, employs an energetic short pulse laser beam that irradiates an imploded target. Cone-in-shell targets, in which a gold cone is embedded in a shell of deuterium-tritium fuel, are one design proposed for fast ignition. Laser beams arrayed uniformly around the target implode the fuel to high densities. Energy from the short pulse laser is then funneled through the cone to ignite the dense fuel. Fast ignition is most effective when high fuel densities are achieved. The implosions of cone-in-shell targets that have been shot on OMEGA were simulated using the hydrodynamics code SAGE including laser ray tracing. It was found that portions of the shell near the cone were imploded with slower velocities, negatively impacting the uniformity of the implosion and the density of the fuel. By altering beam pointings and energies, improved implosions were found with somewhat higher peak fuel densities. Since there are many more combinations of pointing and energy adjustments than were explored, this technique opens the possibility of obtaining a near-uniform implosion even in the presence of the cone.