gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S16-04 SESSION 16: PLANNING/IMAGING – PART II AUTOMATIC, RADIATION-FREE DETECTION OF CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS WITH DEEP LEARNING PREDICTION MODELS BASED ON 3D STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY (2019)

Introduction: Craniosynostosis is a disease in young infants that requires early diagnosis. The golden standard in diagnosing craniosynostosis, computed tomography (CT), is hazardous due to ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to develop accurate, radiation-free deep learning prediction models that distinguishes patients with trigonocephaly and scaphocephaly from healthy subjects, based on 3D stereophotogrammetry. Deep learning prediction models use complex algorithms to learn distinct features of each patient group and have shown promising results in medical image analysis. Methods: A dataset consisting of 3D photographs of 51 healthy controls, 75 patients with scaphocephaly and 41 patients with trigonocephaly, all of similar age, were similarly oriented and sampled. Three Deep Neural Networks (DNN’s) were built and trained on a subset of this dataset to learn distinct features of the head shapes of the subjects: one for scaphocephaly, one for trigonocephaly, and one for both. Subsequently, the diagnostic accuracy of the DNN’s was validated on a different subset. The DNN’s were all run ten times, with different random distribution of the subjects into the subsets. Results: For scaphocephaly, a perfect accuracy was achieved in all runs. In diagnosing trigonocephaly, a perfect accuracy was achieved in seven out of ten runs, the other three runs resulted in a single misclassification in the validation subset (94.7% accuracy). The third DNN, categorizing subjects in either the ‘healthy’, ‘trigonocephaly’ or ‘scaphocephaly’ category, also resulted in a perfect accuracy in seven out of ten runs and a single misclassification in the validation subset in the remaining 3 runs (96.9% accuracy). Conclusion: This study shows that 3D stereophotogrammetry, combined with deep learning prediction models, is a highly accurate alternative in diagnosing craniosynostosis. This opens up opportunities for cheap, radiation-free diagnosis by, for example, general practitioners.
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase in Spinach Chloroplasts and Its Participation in Regeneration of Ascorbate for Scavenging Hydrogen Peroxide (1984)

The primary reaction product of chloroplast ascorbate peroxidase activity was shown to be monodehydroascorbate radical (MDA). MDA reductase (EC 1.6.5.4) was localized in spinach chloroplast stroma. The MDA reductase activity of spinach chloroplasts, using NAD(P)H as electron donor, could account for the regeneration of ascorbate from MDA produced by ascorbate peroxidase activity. In the absence of MDA reductase, MDA disproportionated to ascorbate (AsA) and dehydroascorbate (DHA). The DHA was reduced to AsA by DHA reductase (EC 1.8.5.1) in chloroplasts. Both NADH and NADPH served as the electron donor of partially purified MDA reductase from spinach leaves.
Wildlife Reservoirs of Canine Distemper Virus Resulted in a Major Outbreak in Danish Farmed Mink (Neovison vison) (2014)

A major outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) in Danish farmed mink (Neovison vison) started in the late summer period of 2012. At the same time, a high number of diseased and dead wildlife species such as foxes, raccoon dogs, and ferrets were observed. To track the origin of the outbreak virus full-length sequencing of the receptor binding surface protein hemagglutinin (H) was performed on 26 CDV's collected from mink and 10 CDV's collected from wildlife species. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus circulating in the mink farms and wildlife were highly identical with an identity at the nucleotide level of 99.45% to 100%. The sequences could be grouped by single nucleotide polymorphisms according to geographical distribution of mink farms and wildlife. The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) receptor binding region in most viruses from both mink and wildlife contained G at position 530 and Y at position 549; however, three mink viruses had an Y549H substitution. The outbreak viruses clustered phylogenetically in the European lineage and were highly identical to wildlife viruses from Germany and Hungary (99.29% - 99.62%). The study furthermore revealed that fleas (Ceratophyllus sciurorum) contained CDV and that vertical transmission of CDV occurred in a wild ferret. The study provides evidence that wildlife species, such as foxes, play an important role in the transmission of CDV to farmed mink and that the virus may be maintained in the wild animal reservoir between outbreaks.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of Sp1 binding to the promoters of <i>XIAP</i>, <i>CRABP1</i>, <i>MDK</i> and <i>KCNMA1</i> genes in A2780 cells in the presence/absence of 80 nM DIG-MSK. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;ChIP was performed using an anti-Sp1 specific antibody. A DNA fragment that does not contain Sp1-binding sites was also immunoprecipitated as a negative control, as well as an unspecific immunoprecipitation using IgG (Mock). DNA in both the input and in the immunoprecipitated fractions was quantified by qRT-PCR. Data (mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments) are shown as the enrichment of input DNA in the immunoprecipitated fractions (**&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01; Student’s t-test).&lt;/p&gt;
Trust and Reputation Management for Securing Collaboration in 5G Access Networks: The Road Ahead (2020)

Trust represents the belief or perception of an entity, such as a mobile device or a node, in the extent to which future actions and reactions are appropriate in a collaborative relationship. Reputation represents the network-wide belief or perception of the trustworthiness of an entity. Each entity computes and assigns a trust or reputation value, which increases and decreases with the appropriateness of actions and reactions, to another entity in order to ensure a healthy collaborative relationship. Trust and reputation management (TRM) has been investigated to improve the security of traditional networks, particularly the access networks. In 5G, the access networks are multi-hop networks formed by entities which may not be trustable, and so such networks are prone to attacks, such as Sybil and crude attacks. TRM addresses such attacks to enhance the overall network performance, including reliability, scalability, and stability. Nevertheless, the investigation of TRM in 5G, which is the next-generation wireless networks, is still at its infancy. TRM must cater for the characteristics of 5G. Firstly, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ultra-densification</i> due to the exponential growth of mobile users and data traffic. Secondly, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">high heterogeneity</i> due to the different characteristics of mobile users, such as different transmission characteristics (e.g., different transmission power) and different user equipment (e.g., laptops and smartphones). Thirdly, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">high variability</i> due to the dynamicity of the entities’ behaviors and operating environment. TRM must also cater for the core features of 5G (e.g., millimeter wave transmission, and device-to-device communication) and the core technologies of 5G (e.g., massive MIMO and beamforming, and network virtualization). In this paper, a review of TRM schemes in 5G and traditional networks, which can be leveraged to 5G, is presented. We also provide an insight on some of the important open issues and vulnerabilities in 5G networks that can be resolved using a TRM framework.
HiLog as a platform for database languages (1989)

We argue that predicate calculus is not sufficient as a basis for the next generation of database languages. To fill in the gap, we propose a novel logic, called HiLog, which can be viewed as an extension of predicate calculus. The distinctive feature of HiLog is its higher-order syntax which makes it possible to manipulate the database with greater ease. However, the semantics of this logic is essentially first-order, which makes it possible to define a resolution-based proof procedure for HiLog. We then go on and compare HiLog with two other well-known database languages, COL and LDL, arguing that HiLog eliminates some of the problems in these languages caused by their second-order semantics. Finally, we discuss the utility of HiLog as a platform for implementing object-oriented database languages.
Conference reports (1986)

K. W. Jackson and J. Tyson, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1986, 1, 406 DOI: 10.1039/JA9860100406
Hydrolysis, nitrosyl exchange, and synthesis of alkyl nitrites (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis, nitrosyl exchange, and synthesis of alkyl nitritesMichael P. Doyle, Jan W. Terpstra, Ruth A. Pickering, and Diane M. LePoireCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 20, 3379–3382Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00168a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1757Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (549 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
VDT work affects urinary excretion of catecholamines in the young (1992)

Urinary excretions of catecholamines in young volunteers were examined during VDT work to evaluate whether VDT work affected sympathetic and adrenal function. The time course of work performance was also monitored. The excretion of catecholamines did not increase after the reference work with hard copy. Adrenaline excretion tended to increase after VDT work with large print, although the noradrenaline excretion did not change. After VDT work with small print, noradrenaline excretion increased significantly, and adrenaline excretion tended to increase. The work speed of the VDT group using small print in the early period was slower than that of the hard‐copy group or the VDT group using large print, but the difference diminished in the late period. Abrupt decreases in work speed, considered a result of exhaustion, did not appear in any group. These results suggest that VDT work may act as a stronger workload for the sympathoadrenal system than hard‐copy work, and it also suggests that VDT workload may be worsened by small print size.
Methotrexate Dosage Reduction Upon Adalimumab Initiation: Clinical and Ultrasonographic Outcomes from the Randomized Noninferiority MUSICA Trial (2016)

In MUSICA, Week 24 mean DAS28-CRP, the primary endpoint, did not meet non-inferiority for the low-dosage MTX group. Although the differences between the 2 MTX dosage groups were small, our study findings did not support routine MTX reduction in MTX inadequate responders initiating ADA.
Properties, propositions and semantic theory (1992)

This paper is a tutorial on property-theoretic semantics: our aim is to provide an accessible account of property theory and its application to the formal semantics of natural language. We develop a simple version of property theory and provide the semantics for a fragment of English in the theory. We shall say more about the particular form of the theory in the next section but to begin with we outline the main reasons why we believe property-theoretic semantics to be worthy of attention.
Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors: Immunobiology and Potential Use for Immune Modulation (2012)

Recombinant viral vectors based on the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV) show considerable promise for human therapeutic application. An important feature that sets this gene transfer system apart from other contemporary virus-based systems is relatively weak induction of innate and cognate immune responses, such that in defined contexts foreign antigens can be expressed long-term in immune competent hosts. This in turn has led to increasing interest in the possibility of exploiting AAV for immune system modulation, including both the induction and avoidance of antigen- specific responses, depending on the therapeutic need. This interest is fuelled by the recognition that the full potential of cell and gene based therapies cannot be realised without parallel developments in therapeutic immune system modulation that allow specific rather than generalised immunosuppression. This review outlines current understanding of AAV immunobiology and explores its potential as a tool for therapeutic manipulation of immune system responses.
Development of a fungal pre‐treatment process for reduction of organic matter in contaminated soil (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Combustion at high temperature is a common treatment method for heavily contaminated soils. The capacity of the combustion process is negatively correlated with organic matter content of the soil. Thus, by reducing the amount of soil organic matter, batch size could be increased and the combustion process improved. In this study, the possibility to pre‐treat soil containing high levels of organic matter with white‐rot and litter‐decomposing fungi was examined and scaled up. RESULTS: Calculations based on the CO 2 production in laboratory experiments indicated that 20% of the soil organic carbon would have been degraded in 6 months when treated with Sphaerobolus stellatus and 10% when treated with Stropharia rugosoannulata . In a pilot‐scale experiment with S. rugosoannulata mass loss due to degradation of soil organic matter accounted for 10% of the total weight of the soil in 6 months. CONCLUSION: A fungal pre‐treatment process for contaminated soils with high organic matter content was developed. Good results were obtained with S. stellatus and S. rugosoannulata and the process was successfully scaled up to 300 kg scale. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological and Mechanical Heart Valves Under a New Spotlight: Paradigm Shift and New State of the Art (2019)

With the growth in life expectancy observed in recent decades in Brazil and worldwide, implantation of cardiac valve prostheses has been one of the recommended procedures for patients with valve diseases. In Brazil, this approach is the second most performed surgery among highly complex cardiovascular procedures. According to DATASUS, between January 2008 and May 2018, 900 implants were performed.
FePt films 2 nanometers thick with (001) preferential orientation on a MgO underlayer (2011)

A MgO underlayer with (100) preferential orientation formed on a thin Fe seed layer is used to attain L10 ordered phase 2 nm-thick FePt films with (001) orientation. The Fe[1 nm]/Pt[1 nm] bilayer can be grown epitaxially on the MgO underlayer with (100) aligned texture and the bilayer transformed into (001)-textured L10-FePt films after annealing at 600 °C. FePt films 2 nm thick with (001) preferential orientations can be prepared on a thick MgO underlayer with (100) orientation. Since the thinness of Fe and Pt layers enhances an inter-diffusion process between the layers, the crystallization and ordering temperature of FePt decreases from 550 °C to 500 °C.
Measurement and calculation of PZT thin film longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients (1999)

The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of 2000 {angstrom} thick chemical solution deposited Pb(Zr{sub x}Ti{sub 1{minus}x})O{sub 3} (PZT) thin films were investigated. Several Zr/Ti ratios were studied: 30/70, 50/50 and 65/35, which correspond to tetragonal, near-morphotropic, and rhombohedral symmetries. In all samples, a {l_brace}111{r_brace}-texture is predominant. Longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients and their dc field dependence were measured using the contact AFM method. The expected trend of a maximum piezoelectric coefficient at or near to the MPB was not observed. The composition dependence was small, with the maximum d{sub 33} occurring in the tetragonal material. To explain the results, crystallographic texture and film thickness effects are suggested. Using a modified phenomenological approach, derived electrostrictive coefficients, and experimental data, d{sub 33} values were calculated. Qualitative agreement was observed between the measured and calculated coefficients. Justifications of modifications to the calculations are discussed.
Enhanced methods of coursework provision in computer networks (2005)

Many computing-related programmes and modules have many problems caused with large class sizes, large-scale plagiarism, module franchising, and an increasing requirement from students for increased amounts of hands-on, practical work. This paper presents a practical computer networks module which uses a mixture of on-line examinations and a practical skills-based test to assess student performance. Many academics have observed a strong link between examination and coursework performance, where academically strong students generally work hard for both examinations and courseworks. This paper shows that it is possible to design hand-on practicals which have a strong correlation between performance in practical skills-based tests and in examination-type assessments. The paper shows results which grades students for two on-line, multiple choice tests, and then analyses the average time these students take to complete a practical on-line test It shows that, on average, the average time taken to complete the test increases for weaker students. Along with this the paper shows that female students in the practical test out-perform male students by a factor of 25%.
MOTOR FAILURES IN VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES: A COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS (2006)

Purpose: Thousands of patients suffering from congestive heart failure benefit from safe and reliable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). LVADs are currently being designed for destination therapy and are complicated medical devices that can potentially fail due to their multipart configuration and numerous subsystems. This research focuses on the motor of the LEV-VAD, a magnetically suspended pump under development at the University of Virginia. The motor is computationally modeled to evaluate performance under normal and faulted operation. Methods: Specific areas of the motor where faults can occur include the insulation system, which has been identified by multiple scientists as a primary cause of motor failure. The motor and insulation are modeled as an electrical circuit and evaluated using MatLab. Insulation degradation is induced into the model by decreasing resistance. Speed and current of the motor are measured to indicate performance. Results: Variations in the coil and groundwall insulation resistance have a direct impact on the speed and current of the motor, as shown by the results. Overall motor performance is directly related to the speed of the LEV-VAD impeller. Speed changes of the impeller impact patient health, safety, and well being by potentially causing decreased pressure and flow rate through the pump. Fault tolerance may be a viable solution to prevent these types of failures.
Effect of experimental nephrosis on hepatic lipoprotein secretion and urinary lipoprotein excretion in rats expressing the human apolipoprotein A-I gene (1996)

When human apolipoprotein A-I was expressed in transgenic rats, induction of the nephrotic syndrome resulted in plasma A-I levels exceeding 10 mg/ml. Plasma lipids were no higher than in non-transgenic nephrotic rats. To explain this, the livers from four groups of rats were perfused: wild-type controls (WC), high expressor human apoA-I transgenic controls (TrGC), wild-type nephrotics (WN), and high expressor transgenic nephrotics (TrGN). Compared to the WC group, TrGC rats secreted the same amount of d < 1.063 g/ml lipoproteins but 50% more high density lipoprotein (HDL), with a 5-fold increase in total apoA-I output due to human apoA-I. Compared to the WC group, nephrosis in the WN rats caused a 2-fold increase in both d < 1.063 g/ml lipoproteins and HDL secretion with a 4.6-fold increase in rat apoA-I output. Compared to the TrGC group, nephrosis in the TrGN rats did not increase d < 1.063 g/ml lipoprotein secretion, but caused a 50% increase in HDL secretion and a 6-fold increase in human apoA-I output. The hepatic levels of mRNA for apoB and for HMG-CoA reductase, as well as the degree of apoB mRNA editing, were unchanged. Examination of the perfusate HDL by electron microscopy revealed spherical particles averaging 30 nm in diameter in the WC and WN rats and 17 and 20 nm in the TrGC and TrGN rats. Urinary HDL particles from the TrGN rats did not contain rat apoA-I and averaged 8.2 nm versus 11 nm in the WN rats. We conclude that the size of the nascent HDL, and subsequently of the mature HDL, is determined by the primary structure of apoA-I. In the TrGN rats, the heterogeneous mature HDL has a population of smaller human HDL which is more readily lost in the urine, accounting for the failure of plasma HDL levels to rise above those in TrGC rats. The fact that plasma triglyceride levels in TrGN rats were also not increased may relate to the failure of hepatic apoB secretion to increase, which in turn may have been due to saturation of the protein synthetic capacity by human apoA-I production.
3D fluidic lens shaping—A multiconvex hydrodynamically adjustable optofluidic microlens (2009)

Novel optical techniques for sensitive and reproducible fluorescence single cell analysis utilizing setups without single photon counting units are attractive for enhanced low-cost cell parameter screening. In this contribution we present the first microfluidic planar device to form an optofluidic adjustable convex lens with three-dimensional light focusing ability to improve optical sensor systems.
Structural Topology for Crashworthiness Design by Matching Plastic Strain and Stress Levels (2001)

Abstract This paper presents a new formulation for the structural topology optimization problem under crashworthiness conditions. The objective of the optimization problem is to match levels of plastic strain and stress to prescribed values while having a weight constraint under consideration. The problem is solved by using a non-gradient based algorithm that allows to reach near to the optimum in a quick fashion. An example is presented to illustrate the optimization formulation. Results show that the formulation and algorithm are suitable for practical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom Tunneling in Organic Transformations. (2012)

Abstract A short list of illustrative examples of hydrogen and deuterium atom tunneling is highlighted.