gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of B Cells and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Hypercholesterolaemic Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice (1999)

Atherosclerosis, the main lethal disease in the Western world, is associated with a cellular immune response in the arterial lesions and a humoral immune response directed towards oxidized lipoproteins, certain microbes and other antigens. The local immune response is dominated by macrophages and T cells, while to date, the role of B cells in lesions has been unclear. We analysed B-cell involvement in lesions using the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse, an experimental model that develops accelerated atherosclerosis when fed a lipid-rich diet. Both early fatty-streak-type lesions and full-blown atherosclerotic plaques of these mice contained CD22+ B cells. They accumulated predominantly in the base of lesions, where high expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were observed in other cells. Cells expressing interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were also detected and IgM was abundant in this region. These data show that B cells participate in atherosclerosis in this experimental model; the data also suggest that these cells may accumulate through VCAM-1 expression by surrounding cells and may produce antibodies and proinflammatory cytokines. These factors are likely to be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Adiposity, Chronic Inflammation, and the Prepubertal Decline of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Children: Evidence for Associations With the Timing of Puberty (Earlybird 58) (2014)

Adiposity-related endocrine mechanisms and chronic inflammation were associated with the prepubertal decline of SHBG, and lower SHBG levels anticipated earlier puberty. These findings may be relevant to the occurrence of earlier puberty in recent decades.
FT-IR spectroscopy supported by PCA–LDA analysis for the study of embryonic stem cell differentiation (2010)

As recently pointed out in the literature, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is emerging as a powerful tool in stem cell research. In this work we characterized in situ by FT-IR microspectroscopy the differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ES) to monitor possible changes in the cell macromolecular content during the early stages of differentiation. Undifferentiated and differentiating cells at 4, 7, 9 and 14 days were measured. Data were analyzed by the principal component and subsequent linear discriminant analyses (PCA–LDA) that enabled us to segregate ES cell spectra into well separate clusters and to identify the most significant spectral changes. Important changes in the lipid (3050–2800 cm –1 ), protein (1700–1600 cm –1 ) and in the nucleic acid (1050–850 cm –1 ) absorption regions were observed between days 4 to 7 of differentiation, indicating the appearance – at day 7 – of the new phenotype into cardiomyocyte precursors. Also the presence of DNA/RNA hybrid bands (954 cm –1 and 899 cm –1 ) suggests that the transcriptional switch of the genome started at this stage of differentiation. Particularly noteworthy, we suggest that the 2936 cm –1 shoulder we observed could reflect methyl group vibrations thus allowing the detection of variations in methylation levels of the stem cell during differentiation. These infrared results were found to be in agreement with the biochemical characterization of these differentiating cells, underlying the great potential of FT-IR spectroscopy in stem cell research.
A Collective Case Study of the Influence of Teachers' Beliefs and Knowledge on Error-Handling Practices During Class Discussion of Mathematics (2011)

This collective case study examines the influence of 4 third-grade teachers' beliefs and knowledge on their error-handling practices during class discussion of mathematics. Across cases, 3 dimensions of teachers' error-handling practices are identified and discussed in relation to teacher beliefs and knowledge: (a) intentional focus on flawed solutions in class discussion, (b) promotion of conceptual understanding through discussion of errors, and (c) mobilization of a community of learners to address errors. Study findings suggest that, although teachers' ways of handling student errors during class discussion of mathematics are clearly linked to both teacher beliefs and teacher knowledge, some aspects of teacher response are more strongly linked to knowledge and others are influenced more by beliefs.
Acceptance and transmission of a quadrupole mass filter with a prefilter (2017)

We have proposed an analytical model of a quadrupole mass filter with an additional rf quadrupole (prefilter) at its entry, which is based on the model of a transient field in the region between the edges of the mass filter electrodes and the prefilter electrodes. The characteristics of the complex mass filter have been investigated by the methods of phase space dynamics. In the presence of the entrance prefilter, instead of the entrance diaphragm, the y acceptance increases by 1.5 times relative to the x acceptance. Upon an increase in the ion residence time in the fringing field, the y acceptance contour exhibits the tendency to rotation on the phase plane, while the x acceptance contour is broadened in the x coordinate. The transmission function increases and oscillates upon an increase in the ion residence time in the fringing field. The result of numerical experiment using the SIMION 8 software differs from the result of analytical calculation by 14% for the x acceptance and by 35% for the y acceptance.
Molecular Analysis of Group A Streptococcus Type emm18 Isolates Temporally Associated with Acute Rheumatic Fever Outbreaks in Salt Lake City, Utah (2002)

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and subsequent rheumatic heart disease are rare but serious sequelae of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in most western countries. Salt Lake City (SLC), Utah, and the surrounding intermountain region experienced a resurgence of ARF in 1985 which has persisted. The largest numbers of cases were encountered in 1985-1986 and in 1997-1998. Organisms with a mucoid colony phenotype when grown on blood agar plates were temporally associated with the higher incidence of ARF. To develop an understanding of the molecular population genetic structure of GAS strains associated with ARF in the SLC region, 964 mucoid and nonmucoid pharyngeal isolates recovered in SLC from 1984 to 1999 were studied by sequencing the emm gene. Isolates with an emm18 allele were further characterized by sequencing the spa, covR, and covS genes. Peak periods of ARF were associated with GAS isolates possessing an emm18 allele encoding the protein found in serotype M18 isolates. Among the serotype M18 isolates, the difference in the number of C repeats produced three size variants. Variation was limited in spa, a gene that encodes a streptococcal protective antigen, and covR and covS, genes that encode a two-component regulatory system that, when inactivated, results in a mucoid phenotype and enhanced virulence in mouse infection models. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed a single restriction profile for serotype M18 organisms isolated during both peak periods of ARF. In SLC, the incidence of ARF coresurged with the occurrence of GAS serotype M18 isolates that have very restricted genetic variation.
Theoretical Stability Maps for Guiding Preparation of Emulsions Stabilized by Protein−Polysaccharide Interfacial Complexes (2009)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a simple theoretical model at predicting the stability of emulsions containing lipid droplets and polyelectrolytes. The influence of droplet concentration, mean droplet diameter, droplet charge and polyelectrolyte concentration on the aggregation stability of the emulsions was examined. Emulsions stabilized by a globular protein (beta-lactoglobulin) were prepared with different oil droplet (0.5-10 wt %) and pectin (0-0.5 wt %) concentrations at pH 7 (where lipid droplets and pectin molecules were both anionic) and pH 3.5 (where lipid droplets were cationic and pectin molecules anionic). The particle charge, size, and creaming stability of the emulsions were then measured, and stability maps were constructed at pH 3.5 and 7. At pH 7, there was no evidence of pectin adsorption to droplet surfaces, and the emulsions were stable to bridging flocculation, but depletion flocculation occurred when the pectin concentration exceeded about 0.1 wt % (independent of droplet concentration). At pH 3.5, pectin adsorbed to the droplet surfaces, and the emulsions were unstable to bridging flocculation at intermediate pectin concentrations (dependent on droplet concentration) and unstable to depletion flocculation at high pectin concentrations. At certain droplet and pectin concentrations, stable emulsions could be formed consisting of protein-coated lipid droplets surrounded by a pectin layer. The information gained from this study would be useful for optimizing the production of emulsions stabilized by protein-polysaccharide interfacial complexes.
Tautomerism in 5,8‐Diaza‐7,9‐dicarbaguanine (‘Alloguanine’) (2005)

Abstract An X‐ray structure analysis of the title compound reveals that this purinoid exists in the crystal as two tautomers which interact with each other in the mode of a reverse‐ Watson – Crick base pair.
Copper Induction of Lactate Oxidase ofLactococcus lactis: a Novel Metal Stress Response (2007)

Lactococcus lactis IL1403, a lactic acid bacterium widely used for food fermentation, is often exposed to stress conditions. One such condition is exposure to copper, such as in cheese making in copper vats. Copper is an essential micronutrient in prokaryotes and eukaryotes but can be toxic if in excess. Thus, copper homeostatic mechanisms, consisting chiefly of copper transporters and their regulators, have evolved in all organisms to control cytoplasmic copper levels. Using proteomics to identify novel proteins involved in the response of L. lactis IL1403 to copper, cells were exposed to 200 muM copper sulfate for 45 min, followed by resolution of the cytoplasmic fraction by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One protein strongly induced by copper was LctO, which was shown to be a NAD-independent lactate oxidase. It catalyzed the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in vivo and in vitro. Copper, cadmium, and silver induced LctO, as shown by real-time quantitative PCR. A copper-regulatory element was identified in the 5' region of the lctO gene and shown to interact with the CopR regulator, encoded by the unlinked copRZA operon. Induction of LctO by copper represents a novel copper stress response, and we suggest that it serves in the scavenging of molecular oxygen.
Investigation of Constraints that Occur during Participation in Leisure Activities by High School Students: A Sample of Turkey (2018)

The aim of this research was to determine the factors that may prevent high school students from participating in recreational activities and to investigate whether these factors differ within the scope of various variables. This study consisted of 1459 (681 women and 778 men) student volunteers who are educated to high school level. The easy sampling method was preferred in the present study. The face-to-face survey method was used to collect the data. The “Leisure Constraints Scale” developed by Alexandris and Carroll (1997) and adapted to Turkish by Gürbüz, Öncü, and Emir (2012) was used to determine the factors that might prevent individuals from participating in leisure activities. The data obtained for the research were first transferred to a computer and then analyzed by the SPSS program. The error margin level in the study was taken as p &lt; 0.05. The Cronbach alpha of the study was found to be 0.91. As a result, it was found that women participated in leisure activities more than men. It was also observed that the participants met with more leisure constraints in Turkey’s eastern regions.
Dioxygenase-catalysed oxidation of dihydronaphthalenes to yield arene hydrate and cis-dihydro naphthalenediols (1996)

Biotransformation of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydronaphthalene substrates, using growing cultures of Pseudomonas putida UV4, resulted in dioxygenase-catalysed benzylic monohydroxylation, cis-tetrahydro diol and cis-dihydro diol formation, trihydroxylation and dehydrogenation. The arene hydrates, (R)-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-l-ol 5 and (R)-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-l-ol 7, were isolated as enantiopure metabolites while 1,2-dihydronaphthalen-2-ol 8 was found in almost racemic form. The structure, enantiopurity and absolute stereochemistry of these arene hydrates of naphthalene were confirmed by chemical synthesis. Deuterium labelling studies, and the use of enantiomerically pure arene hydrates 5 and 7 as substrates, were used to establish the metabolic pathways for the formation of (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-l,2-diols 2, from both 1,2-dihydronaphthalene 3 and 1,4-dihydronaphthalene 6 substrates.
Glass pattern responses in macaque V2 neurons (2007)

Area V2 of macaque visual cortex is known to respond well to conventional oriented bar and grating stimuli, but some recent physiological data have shown that it may play an important role in coding more complicated patterns. Most of these data come from testing done with stimuli presented within the classical receptive field (CRF), whereas relatively little attention has been paid to the role played by the extra-classical surround. We have previously shown that neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) respond to translational Glass patterns in a manner that is predictable from their responses to grating stimuli. In this article, we first extend our experiments and modeling of Glass pattern responses in V1 to include V2. We explored the sensitivity of V2 cells to global form cues in Glass patterns confined to the CRF. Our results indicate that V2 neurons respond to the local signals in Glass patterns in a manner similar to V1 and that those responses are not influenced by global form present in the surround. It appears that the coding of the more complicated global structure in Glass patterns takes place further downstream in the visual system.
A Frequency Domain Neural Network for Fast Image Super-resolution (2017)

In this paper, we present a frequency domain neural network for image super-resolution. The network employs the convolution theorem so as to cast convolutions in the spatial domain as products in the frequency domain. Moreover, the non-linearity in deep nets, often achieved by a rectifier unit, is here cast as a convolution in the frequency domain. This not only yields a network which is very computationally efficient at testing but also one whose parameters can all be learnt accordingly. The network can be trained using back propagation and is devoid of complex numbers due to the use of the Hartley transform as an alternative to the Fourier transform. Moreover, the network is potentially applicable to other problems elsewhere in computer vision and image processing which are often cast in the frequency domain. We show results on super-resolution and compare against alternatives elsewhere in the literature. In our experiments, our network is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the alternatives with an imperceptible loss of performance.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES PART 20, PHOTOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF AROMATIC 1,2‐DIAZINE N‐OXIDES (1974)

Abstract Die UV‐Bestrahlung des Pyridazin‐N‐oxids (I) in Aceton liefert über das intermediäre Diazoketon (II), das IR‐ und UV‐spektroskopisch nachgewiesen wird, das Pyrazol (III) und das Furan (IV).
Dynamic High-Pressure Shock Compaction of Diamond Powders (1993)

The present report summarizes investigations carried out on shock consolidation of diamond powders for fabrication of compacts for electronic substrate applications. Consolidation of various types of commercially available natural and synthetic diamond powders has been performed in this study. The type of diamond and morphology of the powder particles affects the consolidation mechanisms as well as the diamond compact characteristics. It is shown that with the use of appropriate particle size distribution, and therefore a high initial packing density, compacts with optimum physical characteristics crack-free and better than 90% of theoretical maximum density can be obtained. However, about 3-5% transformed graphite and extensive residual strain in the compacts has been detected, both of which severely limit the thermal conductivity. The work contained in this report provides an extensive series of experimental results and mechanistic studies discussing the consolidation behavior of diamond powders by the shock compression technique.
Identification of trap states for two-step two-photon-absorption processes in InAs quantum structures for intermediate-band solar cells (2014)

Intermediate bands bear trap and recombination centers for carriers generated in other energy levels. Assessment of recombination centers is important for achieving efficient carrier generation. We measure the photocurrent (PC) originating from InAs quantum structures embedded in an undoped (Al)GaAs matrix due to excitation with multiple tunable beams. With an infrared light excitation the influence of trapping or recombination on the quantum dot PC generation efficiency via two-step two-photon-absorption processes is evaluated.
Inhibition of Phosphate Transporters Ameliorates the Inflammatory and Necrotic Side Effects of the Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonate Zoledronate in Mice (2013)

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are pyrophosphate analogs. They are widely used against enhanced bone-resorption in various diseases. Nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs) exhibit strong anti-bone-resorptive effects but have inflammatory and necrotic side effects. The non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-N-BPs) etidronate and clodronate lack such side effects, but their anti-bone-resorptive effects are weak. In mice, etidronate and clodronate reduce the inflammatory/necrotic effects of N-BPs, even those of zoledronate, the N-BP with the strongest anti-bone-resorptive effect yet reported and the highest risk of inflammation/necrosis. Here, to explore the mechanisms underlying this protection, we used a mouse model in which a single reagent or a mixture of two reagents was injected subcutaneously into ear-pinnas. These reagents included zoledronate, four non-N-BPs, pyrophosphate, and inhibitors of various organic-anion-transporters. Pyrophosphate and two of the four non-N-BPs (not etidronate or clodronate) had inflammatory/necrotic effects. These effects were reduced by etidronate and clodronate, but not by phosphonoformate, an inhibitor of two of the three known phosphate-transporter families. Phosphonoformate reduced the inflammatory/necrotic effects of zoledronate, but not those of pyrophosphate or of non-N-BPs. Conversely, pyrophosphate, at non-inflammatory/necrotic concentrations, reduced the inflammatory/necrotic effects of non-N-BPs, but not those of zoledronate. The efficacies of the protective effects against the inflammatory/necrotic effects of zoledronate were clodronate > etidronate > phosphonoformate. These findings suggest that (i) the N-BP zoledronate may enter soft-tissue cells via phosphonoformate-inhibitable phosphate-transporters, (ii) other phosphate-transporters may carry pyrophosphate and inflammatory/necrotic non-N-BPs into such cells, and (iii) etidronate and clodronate inhibit all these transporters, and they ameliorate the side effects of zoledronate by inhibiting phosphonoformate-inhibitable phosphate-transporters.
[Clinical characteristics critical for patients "recovered" after surgical treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy]. (1996)

We analyse subjective and objective clinical manifestations, in 33 patients, among the 63 with "pure" temporal lobe epilepsy, for which we obtained at least a video-EEG or video-stereo-EEG ictal recording. We compared video-EEG recordings (103 seizures, mean 3.9; min 1, max. 23) and video-stereo-EEG recordings (77 seizures, mean 3.2; min 1, max. 13) with anamnestical data, in order to define the degree of reliability of patient and relatives reports. Overall agreement between anamnestic and video-recorded informations is excellent for subjective symptoms, and fairly good for objective signs. Subjective manifestations (reported in 90.1% of this group) are described in detail as well as the objective ones, these latter split divided into early and late manifestations.
126 ENANTIOSELECTIVE QUANTITATION OF (R)- AND (S)- ALPRENOLOL BY GC/MS IN SALIVA AND PLASMA (1995)

Höld, K M; de Boer, D; van Ooijen, R D; Zuidema, J; Beijnen, J H; Maes, RAA Author Information
Abstract B48: Identification of potent, cell active MTH1 inhibitors and their use in target validation studies (2015)

Abstract MTH1 is a protein that sanitizes oxidized dNTPs in the cell. It preferentially hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP and 2-OH-dATP to their corresponding monophosphates and thereby prevents the incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA or RNA. The functional result is a reduction in down-stream mutations, or DNA damage, thus preventing cell death. Recent publications suggest that MTH1 is a non-essential enzyme in normal cells, but is required for the survival of cancer cells as a consequence of being subjected to high levels of oxidative stress; hence its relevance as an oncology target. Gad et al., 2014 The interesting target rationale combined with a perceived high chemical tractability of the target resulting from availability of x-ray crystallographic information for the protein, led to a decision to undertake, in parallel, target validation, assay development and drug discovery. This effort resulted in the structure-based design of potent, cell active MTH1 small molecule inhibitors. This poster will describe the discovery and optimization of these inhibitors, and their use to evaluate the potential of MTH1 as an oncology target. This work was complemented by parallel genetic studies. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of target engagement using proximal biomarkers will be presented, as will phenotypic responses across a range of cancer cell lines. Citation Format: Elisabetta Leo, Alessia Petrocchi, Jennifer Bardenhagen, Maria Alimova, Xi Shi, Connor Parker, Naphtali Reyna, Matthew Hamilton, Edward Felix, Andrzej Mazan, Christian Dillon, Faika Mseeh, Joseph R. Marszalek, Carlo Toniatti, Giulio Draetta, Phil Jones, Richard T. Lewis. Identification of potent, cell active MTH1 inhibitors and their use in target validation studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B48.
Towards modular integrated sensors: the development of artificial haircell sensors using efficient fabrication methods (2004)

We report the development of an artificial haircell (AHC) fabricated using two methods: (1) silicon bulk micromachining and (2) polymer surface micromachining. Both methods leverage efficient three dimensional assembly of microstructures. The AHC is modeled after biological hair cells, a common and versatile mechanoreceptor in biology. The design, fabrication process, along with testing results are discussed in the paper.
Charge multiplication in Au-SiC (6H) Schottky junctions (1975)

The avalanche multiplication rate for carriers in 6H polytype SiC has been determined from photocurrent data with the assumption of equal hole and electron rates. The optical-phonon mean free path was determined by fitting to the Baraff theory to be λ=58 Å at 300 K. Avalanche breakdown voltages were in accord with Sze’s empirical prediction.