gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heating distribution comparison between asymmetric and symmetric blunt cones (1986)

An experiment was performed to compare the heating distribution between symmetric and asymmetric large-angle blunt cones, with cone angles of 100, 120, and 140 deg. These hot-wall data were obtained from models made from typical thermal protection insulation for proposed aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles. Experimental data are compared with predictions using a boundary-layer integral matrix procedure with kinetics to determine how well the heating distribution over an asymmetric cone could be approximated using axisymmetric solutions for a cone and spherical segment. In addition, a relationship between the stagnation-point heat-transfer rate and the bow-shock standoff distance for these cones is discussed. The heat-distribution data from the symmetric and asymmetric cones were very similar. Numerical results compared well with the measured wall temperatures at the stagnation point but slightly underpredicted them over the conical portion of the models.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibition of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated and RAD3-Related (<i>ATR</i>) Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance and Promotes Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of ATR inhibition combined with oxaliplatin treatment on the ATR and ATM pathways.&lt;/p&gt;
Informed Molecular Design of Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes To Increase Cell Affinity and Antimicrobial Activity (2018)

Abstract Membrane‐intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are emerging as potential alternatives to conventional, yet increasingly ineffective, antibiotics. Three readily accessible COEs, belonging to an unreported series containing a stilbene core, namely D4 , D6 , and D8 , were designed and synthesized so that the hydrophobicity increases with increasing side‐chain length. Decreased aqueous solubility correlates with increased uptake by E. coli . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of D8 is 4 μg mL −1 against both E. coli and E. faecalis , with an effective uptake of 72 %. In contrast, the MIC value of the shortest COE, D4 , is 128 μg mL −1 owing to the low cellular uptake of 3 %. These findings demonstrate the application of rational design to generate efficacious antimicrobial COEs that have potential as low‐cost antimicrobial agents.
Experimental characterization of external electrooptic probes (1991)

The accuracy and invasiveness of various external LiTaO/sub 3/ electrooptic probe (EEP) geometries are investigated experimentally. The EEPs studied are used for microwave coplanar transmission-line measurements. It is shown that commonly employed EEP geometries can cause substantial inaccuracies in their measurements and that these inaccuracies can be related to specific geometric parameters. The major cause of distortions in pulse measurements was found to be attributable to electromagnetic radiation coupling into the LiTaO/sub 3/ crystal and resonating between the top and bottom crystal interfaces. The authors suggest eliminating the deleterious bulk resonance effects due to the EEP material bulk by using a thin LiTaO/sub 3/ crystal that will act as a single lumped element. The thickness that is expected to be optimal should be about the extent of the guided mode confinement near the conductors. A thicker than optimum cryst al will exhibit resonance, and a thinner one will have reduced sensitivity due to a reduced signal integration path. Thinned crystals possess the additional advantages of reduced thermal drift and reduced stray signal pickup from adjacent lines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
P1‐150: Tau neurotoxicity and MSUT2 (2010)

We previously developed a transgenic C. elegans model of human tauopathy disorders by expressing human tau in worm neurons to explore pathways that contribute to tau-induced neurodegeneration. This animal model recapitulates several hallmarks of human tauopathies including altered behavior, accumulation of detergent insoluble phosphorylated tau protein and neurodegeneration. To identify genes required for tau neurotoxicity, we carried out a forward genetic screen for mutations that suppress tau neurotoxicity. We ultimately cloned the sut-2 gene, mutations in which alleviate tau neurotoxicity in C. elegans. SUT-2 encodes a novel sub-type of CCCH zinc finger protein conserved across animal phyla. SUT-2 shares significant identity with the mammalian SUT-2 (MSUT-2). To validate the role of SUT-2 and its human homolog MSUT-2 in tau pathology we have generated a cell culture model for tau aggresome formation and explored the role of MSUT2 in the formation of aggregated tau. Likewise we have examined MSUT2 protein expression in post mortem tissue. We identified components of the aggresome as binding partners of MSUT-2. Thus we hypothesize MSUT2 plays a role in the formation and/or clearance of protein aggregates. We are currently exploring the role of MSUT2 in the formation of tau containing aggresomes. We demonstrate that MSUT2 protein is specifically reduced in Alzheimer's disease. The identification of sut-2 as a gene required for tau neurotoxicity in C. elegans suggests new neuroprotective strategies targeting MSUT2 that may be effective in modulating tau aggregation in human cells.
<title>Structural description and combined 3D display for superior analysis of cerebral vascularity from MRA</title> (1994)

Medical image analysis has to support the clinicians ability to identify, manipulate and quantify anatomical structures. On scalar 2D image data, a human observer is often superior to computer assisted analysis, but the interpretation of vector- valued data or data combined from different modalities, especially in 3D, can benefit from computer assistance. The problem of how to convey the complex information to the clinician is often tackled by providing colored multimodality renderings. We propose to go a step beyond by supplying a suitable modelling of anatomical and functional structures encoding important shape features and physical properties. The multiple attributes regarding geometry, topology and function are carried by the symbolic description and can be interactively queried and edited. Integrated 3D rendering of object surfaces and symbolic representation acts as a visual interface to allow interactive communication between the observer and the complex data, providing new possibilities for quantification and therapy planning. The discussion is guided by the prototypical example of investigating the cerebral vasculature in MRA volume data. Geometric, topological and flow-related information can be assessed by interactive analysis on a computer workstation, providing otherwise hidden qualitative and quantitative information. Several case studies demonstrate the potential usage for structure identification, definition of landmarks, assessment of topology for catheterization, and local simulation of blood flow.
Refactoring android Java code for on-demand computation offloading (2012)

Computation offloading is a promising way to improve the performance as well as reducing the battery power consumption of a smartphone application by executing some parts of the application on a remote server. Supporting such capability is not easy for smartphone application developers due to (1) correctness: some code, e.g., that for GPS, gravity, and other sensors, can run only on the smartphone so that developers have to identify which parts of the application cannot be offloaded; (2) effectiveness: the reduced execution time must be greater than the network delay caused by computation offloading so that developers need to calculate which parts are worth offloading; (3) adaptability: smartphone applications often face changes of user requirements and runtime environments so that developers need to implement the adaptation on offloading. More importantly, considering the large number of today's smartphone applications, solutions applicable for legacy applications will be much more valuable. In this paper, we present a tool, named DPartner, that automatically refactors Android applications to be the ones with computation offloading capability. For a given Android application, DPartner first analyzes its bytecode for discovering the parts worth offloading, then rewrites the bytecode to implement a special program structure supporting on-demand offloading, and finally generates two artifacts to be deployed onto an Android phone and the server, respectively. We evaluated DPartner on three real-world Android applications, demonstrating the reduction of execution time by 46%-97% and battery power consumption by 27%-83%.
(2E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (2010)

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(17)H(18)O(3)S, is essentially planar: the phenyl and thio-phene rings form a dihedral angle of 2.79 (10)° and they are inclined to the central propenone unit by 6.20 (15) and 4.78 (15)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected into dimers via pairs of C-H⋯O inter-actions, generating R(2) (2)(14) motifs. π-π stacking inter-actions between the thio-phene rings also occur, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.8062 (12) Å.
Relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and CYLD expression in patients with cholesteatoma (2020)

Middle ear cholesteatoma is a destructive disease in which inflammation plays an important role in development and progression, and there are currently no biomarkers predicting prognosis or recurrence. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor deubiquitinase, serves as a negative regulator of inflammation expressed in tissues including the middle ear. To determine the clinical significance of CYLD in acquired cholesteatoma, we evaluated CYLD expression in acquired cholesteatoma tissue by immunostaining and analyzed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CYLD expression levels were varied in the tissues of acquired cholesteatoma patients. The relative expression levels of CYLD in cholesteatoma exhibited a significant correlation with the grade of otorrhea (R = 0.532, p = 0.039). Moreover, the period of epithelialization was also significantly associated with the relative expression levels of CYLD (R = 0.720, p = 0.002). In addition, CYLD expression tended to be lower in the group with recurrence. These results suggest that low CYLD expression correlates with postoperative recovery of acquired cholesteatoma, while potentially affecting the induction of recurrence. This is the first report showing that low CYLD expression correlates with accelerated disease recovery, and suggests a new aspect of CYLD as a prognostic predictor of acquired cholesteatoma.
The phenotype of human STK4 deficiency (2012)

We describe a novel clinical phenotype associating T- and B-cell lymphopenia, intermittent neutropenia, and atrial septal defects in 3 members of a consanguineous kindred. Their clinical histories included recurrent bacterial infections, viral infections, mucocutaneous candidiasis, cutaneous warts, and skin abscesses. Homozygosity mapping and candidate gene sequencing revealed a homozygous premature termination mutation in the gene STK4 (serine threonine kinase 4, formerly having the symbol MST1). STK4 is the human ortholog of Drosophila Hippo, the central constituent of a highly conserved pathway controlling cell growth and apoptosis. STK4-deficient lymphocytes and neutrophils exhibit enhanced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. STK4 deficiency is a novel human primary immunodeficiency syndrome.
Nanodispersion et développement de traceurs fluorescents (2016)

L'etude de la dispersion de materiaux inorganiques dans des medias organiques et aqueux est un facteur determinant pour leur mise en œuvre industrielle. Ces materiaux trouvent leur application dans de nombreux domaines allant de l'industrie petroliere a celle du polissage. Nous nous sommes interesses a la stabilite de ces materiaux dans des medias tels que : (i) les solvants aqueux utilises pour la formulation de suspensions abrasives, (ii) les eaux d'exploitations petrolieres et (iii) le petrole brut et ses derives. Ceci dans le but d'ameliorer les proprietes de luminescence de ces materiaux pour l'industrie petroliere et les proprietes abrasives pour l'industrie du polissageNous avons ainsi developpe des formulations stables de complexes de lanthanides (Ln) derives du DOTA et de nanoparticules (NPs) de sulfure de zinc dopees au manganese, dans le but de tracer les eaux d'injections petrolieres. Ces materiaux ont ete detecte par fluorescence en temps-resolu (TRF) et ce afin de contourner les problematiques liees a l'auto-fluorescence des produits petroliers presents dans les eaux d'exploitation. Nous avons egalement etudie la dispersion de composes specifiques dans des carburants, dans le but de proposer des nouveaux marqueurs anticontrefacon pour le petrole brut et ses derives. Enfin, nous avons cherche a ameliorer la dispersion de nanoparticules de diamant dans des medias aqueux et ce afin d'optimiser l'efficacite des suspensions abrasives a base diamantees, utilisees pour le polissage du saphir plan a
New amylase substrate and assay procedure. (1970)

This report describes a new procedure for serum amylase assay. A novel substrate, dyed amylopectin, is used that combines the advantages of saccharogenic and amyloclastic methods. Serum amylase hydrolyzes the dyed amylopectin into ethanol-soluble fragments, which are quantified colorimetrically after serum proteins and unhydrolyzed substrate are precipitated with alcoholic tannic acid. The substrate is prepared by coupling Reactone Red 2B to amylopectin in alkaline solution. Unreacted dye is removed by gel filtration. The clear red solution of dyed amylopectin is buffered and diluted to a standard concentration; it can be preserved indefinitely by lyophilization. The assay procedure is the following: 0.2 ml serum is added to 1 ml substrate at 37°C. After incubation for 10 min, 5 ml of alcoholic tannic acid are added, and the mixture is centrifuged. Absorbance of the supernatant solution at 540 nm is a linear function of amylase activity. Serum blanks are not required. The results correlate well with the saccharogenic assay of Somogyi.
Effects of low-level 50 Hz magnetic fields on the level of host defense and on spleen colony formation (1999)

The results of 3 sets of experiments on the effects of 22 microT sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF), applied for 1 h on 5 successive days (1 h/5 days), on the level of host defense and on spleen colony formation are reported. The first set of experiments shows the effects on the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) on the spleen and on the cellularity of the thymus in mice. The MF exposures resulted in an increase in CFUs which was statistically significant with respect to the controls, but not with respect to the shams. Statistically significant changes in the thymic weight and thymic index with respect to both the controls and the shams were measured 1 h after the last MF exposure. In the second set of experiments, the mice were given a sublethal dose of X-rays (6 Gy), which was followed by exposure 2 h later to the MF. The MF exposure was repeated at the same time of day for 5 days. The number of colonies per spleen showed a consistent, statistically significant increase with MF exposure and the number of CFUs per femur was decreased. In the third set of experiments, bone marrow was taken from mice which had been exposed to 22 microT fields and injected into mice which had been exposed to a lethal dose of X-rays (9 Gy). The number of CFUs per femur in the recipient mice was shown to be reduced by a statistically significant amount at 1 and 4 days after injection.
A Phase I Study ofIn vitroExpanded Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Advanced and Recurrent Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

The clinical trial with activated Valpha24 NKT cell administration was well tolerated and carried out safely with minor adverse events even in patients with advanced diseases.
A reduction of recipient regulatory T cells by cyclophosphamide contributes to an anti‐tumor effect of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in mice (2011)

We have recently established a unique model system of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for treatment of murine solid tumors, based on cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance. An injection of allogeneic donor spleen cells and bone marrow cells (BMC) followed by cyclophosphamide treatment induced a stable mixed chimerism with long lasting tolerance to the allografts. A donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in the cyclophosphamide-induced tolerant mice exerted strong anti-tumor effects on an MBT-2 murine bladder tumor, MBT-2 via their graft versus tumor (GVT) activity. In the present study, we determined whether a cyclophosphamide-induced reduction of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs) was associated with the anti-tumor activity in our nonmyeloablative SCT system. The number of recipient CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs significantly decreased 3 days after an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide in C3H/HeN mice that had been injected with spleen cells and BMC of donor AKR/J mice, compared with the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3- T cells. An adoptive transfer of CD4+ CD25+ T cells from naïve C3H/He x AKR/J F1 mice into recipient mice 1 day after DLI significantly suppressed the expansion and IFN-γ production of host-reactive donor CD4+T cells and hampered the MBT-2 anti-tumor activity when compared with the transfer of CD4+ CD25- T cells. These results indicated that cyclophosphamide-induced reduction of recipient Tregs is associated with retardation of tumor progression via the expansion of host-reactive donor T cells and IFN-γ production after DLI in our nonmyeloablative SCT system.
In Vivo Detection of Apoptosis (2008)

After several decades of debate, it is now widely acknowledged that apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is central to homoeostasis and normal development and physiology in all multicellular organisms, including humans. The dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to the destruction of normal tissues in a variety of disorders, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases (too much apoptosis) or the growth of tumors (too little apoptosis). In addition, effective therapy of tumors requires the iatrogenic induction of programmed cell death by radiation, chemotherapy, or both. Given the central role of apoptosis, it would be desirable to have a noninvasive imaging method to serially detect and monitor this process in cancer patients undergoing conventional radiation and chemotherapy treatments as well as for the development and testing of new drugs. In this article, the latest modalities and contrast agents described in the literature for the imaging of apoptosis in vivo are reviewed. First, the most recent developments in the biochemical characterization of the many intracellular pathways involved in this complex process are discussed. Next, a variety of new radionuclide tracers, including radiolabeled annexin V and caspase inhibitors for PET and SPECT, are described. Finally, the use of MRI, MR spectroscopy, and ultrasound as possible alternative imaging modalities for the imaging of apoptosis is addressed.
THE ROLE OF BODY SIZE IN HOST SPECIFICITY: RECIPROCAL TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS WITH FEATHER LICE (2006)

Although most parasites show at least some degree of host specificity, factors governing the evolution of specificity remain poorly understood. Many different groups of host-specific parasites show a striking correlation between parasite and host body size, suggesting that size reinforces specificity. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the relative fitness of host-specific feather lice transferred to pigeons and doves that differ in size by an order of magnitude. To test the general influence of size, we transferred unrelated groups of wing and body lice, which are specialized for different regions of the host. Lice were transferred in both directions, from a large native host species, the rock pigeon (Columba livia), to several progressively smaller hosts, and from a small native host species, the common ground dove (Columbina passerina), to several larger hosts. We measured the relative fitness (population size) of lice transferred to these novel host species after two louse generations. Neither wing lice nor body lice could survive on novel host species that were smaller in size than the native host. However, when host defense (preening behavior) was blocked, both groups survived and reproduced on all novel hosts tested. Thus, host defense interacted with host size to govern the ability of lice to establish on small hosts. Neither wing lice nor body lice could survive on larger hosts, even when preening was blocked. In summary, host size influenced the fitness of both types of feather lice, but through different mechanisms, depending on the direction of the transfer. Our results indicate that host switching is most likely between hosts of similar body size. This finding has important implications for studies of host-parasite coevolution at both the micro- and macroevolutionary scales.
GABAergic Inhibition Controls Neural Gain in Inferior Colliculus Neurons Sensitive to Interaural Time Differences (2005)

We investigated the role of GABAergic inhibition on the responses of inferior colliculus (IC) neurons sensitive to interaural time differences (ITDs) in anesthetized guinea pigs. Responses to static and dynamic ITDs were obtained before, during, and after recovery from ionotophoretic application of GABA, or antagonists to the GABA(A) receptor gabazine and bicuculline. For most neurons, a linear relationship was observed between discharge rates evoked by a particular ITD during drug application and control discharge rates. Blocking GABAergic inhibition, or adding exogenous GABA, scaled IC discharge rates in a multiplicative (divisive) and/or additive (subtractive) manner. When the influence of iontophoresed GABA antagonists or exogenous GABA on discharge rates was accounted for, GABAergic inhibition was found to have no effect on the ITD tuning properties of IC neurons. The tuning sharpness of ITD functions, the ITD that evoked 50% response magnitude, and the relative symmetry of ITD functions around their peak response were unaffected by blockade of inhibition or addition of tonic inhibition. However, the ability of neurons to discriminate between ITDs by virtue of differences in their discharge rate was altered by blocking or adding GABA. We propose that inhibition in the IC is involved in the control of the neural gain of the output of IC neurons rather than the regulation of ITD tuning. This gain control appears to arise from a combination of additive and multiplicative processes, and may involve mechanisms such as shunting inhibition or changes in the efficacy of inhibitory and excitatory inputs.
Floating Dislocated Elbow (1989)

A 59-year-old shrimper sustained ipsilateral fractures of the midshafts of the humerus, ulna, and radius, as well as an ipsilateral posterior dislocation of the elbow. The mechanism of this unusual injury involved the winch system of a shrimpboat. Closed reduction of the dislocation along with open reduction and internal fixation of the fractures allowed early elbow motion. The resulting final range of motion and function were good.