gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microbial survey of the International Space Station (ISS) (2017)

While significantly different from homes on Earth and the Human Microbiome Project samples analyzed here, the microbial community composition on the ISS was more similar to home surfaces than to the human microbiome samples. The ISS surfaces are species-rich with 1,036-4,294 operational taxonomic units (OTUs per sample). There was no discernible biogeography of microbes on the 15 ISS surfaces, although this may be a reflection of the small sample size we were able to obtain.
Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, and Treatment Outcomes of SARS Patients (2004)

Clinical and laboratory data on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), particularly on the temporal progression of abnormal laboratory findings, are limited. We conducted a prospective study on the clinical, radiologic, and hematologic findings of SARS patients with pneumonia, who were admitted to National Taiwan University Hospital from March 8 to June 15, 2003. Fever was the most frequent initial symptom, followed by cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Twenty-four patients had various underlying diseases. Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lymphopenia. Other common abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. These clinical and laboratory findings were exacerbated in most patients during the second week of disease. The overall case-fatality rate was 19.7%. By multivariate analysis, underlying disease and initial CRP level were predictive of death.
Changes in myosin isozyme distribution induced by low doses of isoproterenol. (1982)

The Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied left ventricle increased by 20-30% while in Goldblatt rats hypertrophy occurred with a decreased myosin ATPase activity. In non-dissociating (pyrophosphate) gel electrophoresis isoproterenol treatment showed decreased V2 and V3 myosin isozymes; at the higher dose of isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg body weight) only V1 was present. In contrast a shift toward the V3 isozyme is present in the ventricles of Goldblatt rats. One group of rats was treated with toxic doses of digitoxin: no hypertrophy occurred but there was a disappearance of V1 and V2 isozymes and a 50% decrease in Ca2+-activated ATPase activity. Thus low doses of isoproterenol produce hypertrophy with an isozyme pattern similar to that found in young (approximately 4-6 weeks old) rats. The results with digitoxin show that shifts in the cardiac isozyme distribution can occur without hypertrophy.
The importance of Hounsfield units in adult spinal deformity surgery: finding an optimal threshold to minimize the risk of mechanical complications (2023)

Though several factors contribute to PJK, it appears that 163 HU may serve as a preliminary threshold when planning ASD surgery to mitigate the risk of PJK.
New tetraphosphite ligands for regioselective linear hydroformylation of terminal and internal olefins (2016)

We successfully developed new tetraphosphite ligands <bold>L1–L5</bold> and applied them to the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal and internal olefins.
Fast photoresponse and the related change of crystallite barriers for ZnO films deposited by RF sputtering (1995)

Hexagonal ZnO films were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature by RF sputtering a ZnO target using a mixture of oxygen and argon. Polycrystalline ZnO films prepared in the presence of excess oxygen or at a high oxygen pressure tend to have crystallites with the orientation of the c-axis parallel to the substrate and a large and relatively fast photoresponse. The time constants of the photoresponse can be much reduced by doping the surface layer with nitrogen. This fast photoresponse of the resulting films is related to the changes of barrier heights of grain boundaries due to photodesorption of the chemisorbed oxygen on the grain boundaries when the films are irradiated with uv light.
Gene-signatures predict biologically relevant dose-response potencies in phenotypic assays (2019)

Abstract Multiplexed gene-signature-based phenotypic assays are increasingly used for the identification and profiling of small molecule-tool compounds and drugs. Here we introduce a method (provided as R-package) for the quantification of the dose-response potency of a gene-signature as EC 50 and IC 50 values. Two signaling pathways were used as models to validate our methods: beta-adrenergic agonistic activity on cAMP generation (dedicated dataset generated for this study) and EGFR inhibitory effect on cancer cell viability. In both cases, potencies derived from multi-gene expression data were highly correlated with orthogonal potencies derived from cAMP and cell growth readouts, and superior to potencies derived from single individual genes. Our results show that gene-signature potencies are a novel valid alternative to conventional readouts for compound potency quantification, in particular in scenarios where no other established readouts are available.
Comparison of hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis on unsupported and silica-supported Rh–V2O3 and Pt–V2O3 (1987)

Several Rh and Pt catalysts where V2O3 is used as support or a promoter have been characterized by H2 chemisorption, benzene hydrogenation and reactions of n-butane. The chemisorption and activity effects of different degrees of metal–oxide interaction induced by low- and high-temperature reduction are compared with those observed with similar catalysts where TiO2 was the support (promoter). The nature of the metal–oxide interaction and how it differs for the same metal interacting with V2O3 and TiO2 are discussed.
A macro and micro view of coronary vascular insult in ischemic heart disease. (1990)

Atherosclerotic plaques are either concentric, producing a fixed degree of obstruction, or eccentric, with retention of an arc of normal vessel wall that allows changes in medial muscle tone to vary the degree of stenosis. Plaques may also either be solid and fibrous or may contain, in addition to fibrous thickening, a pool of extracellular cholesterol. Most subjects with ischemic heart disease have mixtures of all plaque types. The endothelium over established human plaques often shows focal denudation injury, with adhesion of a platelet monolayer not detectable by angiography. Larger thrombi are due either to superficial intimal injury, which is the progression of the endothelial denudation seen over otherwise static and intact plaques, or to deep intimal injury caused by plaque fissuring (rupture). Both forms of intimal injury expose collagen and von Willebrand factor to platelets. In deep injury, tears extend from the lumen into the depths of the intima and often enter a lipid pool; in consequence, thrombus initially forms within the plaque, thereby altering its configuration and expanding its volume. Many fissures will reseal at this stage, but the plaque is larger, and the process is an important cause of episodic sudden plaque growth. A proportion of plaque fissures are associated with the additional formation of a luminal thrombus, which may be either mural or occlusive. In life, transitions between mural and occlusive thrombi and vice versa occur rapidly and frequently. Mural thrombus is associated with distal embolization of platelet masses and, in some cases, is associated with cholesterol from the plaque.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetics of Antibody Production to Group A and Group C Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines Administered during the First Six Years of Life: Prospects for Routine Immunization of Infants and Children (1979)

A cohort of infants, previously immunized once or twice between three and 12 months of age with vaccines containing polysaccharide of groups A and C Neisseria meningitidis, received boosters at two and five and one-half years of age with bivalent A/C vaccine. Antibody concentrations were measured by a radioactive antigen-binding assay. Concentrations of antibody to groups A and C N. meningitidis were 5.59 and 2.86 microgram/ml, respectively, by four years of age. After booster immunization at five and one-half years of age, concentrations of antibody to groups A and C N. meningitidis increased to 15.67 and 7.59 microgram/ml, respectively. Protective levels of antibody to group A meningococci may be achievable throughout early childhood by routine immunization with the A vaccine. Although the group C vaccine is effective in control of epidemics, the rapid decline in the concentration of antibody to group C meningococci following immunization of young children suggests that protection may not be long-lasting.
Amino Acid Transport Across the Mammalian Intestine (2018)

The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important contributor to plasma amino acid homeostasis, while amino acid transport in the large intestine is more relevant for bacterial metabolites and fluid secretion. A number of rare inherited disorders have contributed to the identification of amino acid transporters in epithelial cells of the small intestine, in particular cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance, Hartnup disorder, iminoglycinuria, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. These are most readily detected by analysis of urine amino acids, but typically also affect intestinal transport. The genes underlying these disorders have all been identified. The remaining transporters were identified through molecular cloning techniques to the extent that a comprehensive portrait of functional cooperation among transporters of intestinal epithelial cells is now available for both the basolateral and apical membranes. Mouse models of most intestinal transporters illustrate their contribution to amino acid homeostasis and systemic physiology. Intestinal amino acid transport activities can vary between species, but these can now be explained as differences of amino acid transporter distribution along the intestine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:343-373, 2019.
Scaling Instant Messaging communication services: A comparison of blocking and non-blocking techniques (2011)

Designing innovative communications services that scale to facilitate potential new usage patterns can pose significant challenges. This is particularly the case if these services are to be delivered over existing protocols and interoperate with legacy services. This work explores design choices for such a service: large scale message delivery to existing Instant Messaging users. In particular we explore message throughput, accuracy and server load for several alternative implementation strategies. These strategies focus on approaches to concurrency, with best practice in current and emerging techniques thoroughly benchmarked. Specifically, a conventional Java Executor approach is compared with a functional approach realised through Scala and its Actors framework. These could be termed “blocking I/O” technology. A third approach has also been measured - a “non-blocking I/O” based on an alternative to Java Virtual Machine approaches - employing Node.js and Javascript. We believe that some of the results are startling.
A Study on Wideband Adaptive Beamforming using Taylor Weighting and LSMI Algorithm (2013)

This paper represents an adaptive beamforming technique to suppress interference or jamming signals in wideband. In order to maintain low side lobe level(SLL) at an antenna element level, Taylor-weighting was used. Also, to make a nulling beam pattern toward jammer’s directions in wideband, we used the modified Loaded Sample Matrix Inversion(LSMI) algorithm and Tapped Delay Line(TDL). To verify the proposed algorithm, we applied it to a rectangular array antenna. Finally, the results show beam pattern with low SLL and jammers suppression.
An Offline/Online DDDAS Capability for Self-Aware Aerospace Vehicles (2013)

In this paper we develop initial offline and online capabilities for a self-aware aerospace vehicle. Such a vehicle can dynami- cally adapt the way it performs missions by gathering information about itself and its surroundings via sensors and responding in- telligently. The key challenge to enabling such a self-aware aerospace vehicle is to achieve tasks of dynamically and autonomously sensing, planning, and acting in real time. Our first steps towards achieving this goal are presented here, where we consider the execution of online mapping strategies from sensed data to expected vehicle capability while accounting for uncertainty. Libraries of strain, capability, and maneuever loading are generated offline using vehicle and mission modeling capabilities we have de- veloped in this work. These libraries are used dynamically online as part of a Bayesian classification process for estimating the capability state of the vehicle. Failure probabilities are then computed online for specific maneuvers. We demonstrate our models and methodology on decisions surrounding a standard rate turn maneuver.
Influence of rice Bran oil as defaunating agent on the performance of Mecheri Ram Lambs (2010)

The efficiency of unrefined rice bran oil as defaunating agent was evaluated in Mecheri breed of lambs. Twelve lambs were randomly divided into two groups. The animals were defaunated by drenching @ 5ml/kg live weight with rice bran oil at weekly interval from 3 to 6 months of age. The animals that received oil showed higher growth rate and average daily gain over control animals. The blood urea nitrogen level was lower in oil fed lambs indicating better utilization of BUN for growth. Defaunation using unrefined rice bran oil has yielded some beneficial effect over the average daily gain of lambs. However, further study is required to assess the defaunating ability of unrefined rice bran oil when mixed with concentrates under field conditions.
Technology Aspects Of A Coherent Optical M.A.N. (1990)

This paper reports on the UCOL concept which is currently under development as a laboratory prototype under the framework of the European programme ESPRIT; the acronym UCOL stands for Ultra-wideband Coherent Optical L.A.N. The first section sets out the basic rationale on which this project was started and reviews the system architecture. The following sections address the individual building blocks of the network and review the constraints set by multichannel capability on network operation and capacity.
A phase I and clinical pharmacology study of intravenously administered carminomycin in cancer patients in the United States. (1982)

Carminomycin (CMN) was administered i.v. to 44 patients with a variety of nonhematological cancers every 4 weeks at doses of 15, 20, 22.5, and 25 mg/sq m. Granulocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity. The median granulocyte count for previously untreated patients receiving 22.5 mg/sq m was 0.962 cells/microliters, and for previously treated patients receiving 20 mg/sq m it was 0.420 cell/microliters. Moderate to severe phlebitis was associated with drug administration in 50% of cases. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia were mild. Three of nine patients who received a total CMN dose of greater than or equal to 100 mg/sq m (mean, 132 mg/sq m) developed unexplained decreases in radionuclide cardiac ejection fraction, with one patient developing decreased QRS amplitude and congestive heart failure at a total dose of 160 mg/sq m. CMN is rapidly metabolized to carminomycinol. The elimination half-lives of CMN and carminomycinol are 6 to 10 and 50 hr, respectively. CMN was found to be a more potent inhibitor of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units than was carminomycinol. Objective partial responses were seen in two of seven previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer and one of three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck previously untreated with chemotherapy.
Classical Statistics and Statistical Learning in Imaging Neuroscience: Two Statistical Cultures in Neuroimaging (2017)

International audience
Bacteria (1981)

Bacteria were unknown to man until the invention of the optical microscope and were first observed, along with Protozoa, by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1675. However, they were not scientifically studied during the following 200 years and indeed as a science, Bacteriology is only a little more than 100 years old. Pasteur and Koch laid the basis of the modern science, and the late 1800s saw the discovery, description, and formal classification of most of the species of bacteria recognized to‐day. It is a very rare event now to discover a ‘new’ bacterium: the aetiological agent of Legionnaires' Disease, Legionella pneumophila , is, however, one such example, much in the current news.
Modulation of SOCS protein expression influences the interferon responsiveness of human melanoma cells (2010)

These data demonstrate that SOCS proteins are expressed in human melanoma cell lines and their modulation can influence the responsiveness of melanoma cells to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma.
Novel insight into the control of litter size in pigs, using placental efficiency as a selection tool. (1999)

Chinese Meishan pigs produce three to five more pigs per litter than less-prolific U.S. or European pig breeds as a result of a markedly decreased placental size and an increased pig weight: placental weight ratio (placental efficiency). We hypothesized that as a result of their intense selection for prolificacy, the Chinese had indirectly selected for a smaller, more efficient placenta in the Meishan breed. The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) significant variation in placental size and efficiency existed within our population of purebred Yorkshire pigs and 2) selection of pigs (boars and gilts) based on clear differences in placental size and efficiency would affect litter size. There was significant (approximately threefold) variation in placental efficiency in our herd of Yorkshire pigs, and marked (approximately twofold) variation existed within individual litters. We then selected pigs (boars and gilts) that had either a higher (A Group) or lower (B Group) than average placental efficiency. Although the birth weights of selected A Group pigs were similar to those of the B Group pigs, they had markedly smaller placentae. Males from each group (A or B) were bred to the females of the same group, and farrowing data were collected from parities 1 and 2. In both parities, A Group females farrowed more live pigs per litter than did B Group females (12.5 +/- .7 vs 9.6 +/- .5, P < .05). Although A Group pigs were on average approximately 20% lighter than B group pigs (1.2 +/- .1 vs 1.5 +/- .1 kg, P < .05), their placentae were approximately 40% lighter (250 +/- 10 vs 347 +/- 15 g, P < .01), resulting in a marked increase in placental efficiency. The results of this study suggest that selection on placental size and efficiency may provide a valuable tool for optimizing litter size in commercially important pig breeds.
Solute Clearance Approach to Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis (1996)

To investigate the effect of dialysis prescription on patient outcome for peritoneal dialysis patients, the relationship between total solute clearance and the relative risk of death has been investigated. Preliminary studies have suggested that more clearance is better and that patient outcome is predicted by total solute clearance. The recently published Canada-U.S.A. (CANUSA) multicenter study, evaluating adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients, has further defined this relationship. Although these publications allow us to establish guidelines for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients, they also define the limitation of our knowledge and raise new questions. In this article we review our current knowledge regarding the predicted value of total solute clearance with patient outcome and nutritional status. Furthermore, we attempt to outline a practical approach for optimizing total solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients. Based on a review of the published literature and clinical recommendations, we feel that the minimal target total solute clearance for continuous forms of peritoneal dialysis is a weekly total KT/V > 2.0 and/or a weekly total creatinine clearance > 60 L/week/1.73 m2. For intermittent therapies, a weekly total KT/V > 2.2 and/or a weekly total creatinine clearance > 70 L/week/1.73 m2 is recommended.
TOPOGRAPHY, MIGRATION AND ENDOCYTOSIS OF LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE MACROMOLECULES (1972)

We have carried out a series of experiments (1-3) using a variety of ligands for the purpose of studying the movement of the surface molecules on lymphocytes (5). In general the experiments consist of treating murine or rat spleen or thymus cells first with a suitable ligand [usually an antibody (ab) ] at 4C. In some experiments a second step is carried out in that the cells are incubated with a second ligand (in all cases an ab directed against the first ligand), giving a double, i.e. sandwich reaction. The cells are studied after washing and incubating at 37C for various periods of time and compared with controls maintained at 4C. Usually the first or second ligand is labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, 1125 or an appropriate protein that serves as a marker for electron microscopy (hemocyanin or ferritin). In this way we can determine whether movement of the surface marker occurs after a direct or a double reaction. We have also determined : whether the cells internalise the receptor-ligand (s) complexes and the fate of these; whether the complexes move independently of each other; whether intra-membranous particles move concomitantly; and the effects of inhibitors.
Differentiation of rat neonatal ventral prostates grown in a serum-free organ culture system (1997)

Growth and differentiation of the neonatal rat prostate in vitro occur in a manner similar to that of the developing prostate in vivo, demonstrating that organ cultures of neonatal rat ventral prostates provide a faithful model for studying rat prostatic development and differentiation under serum-free conditions.
Molecular biomarkers to individualise treatment: assessing the evidence (2009)

The absolute benefit of a treatment varies between individuals depending on their prognosis before treatment and whether their response to the treatment varies from the overall relative risk reduction measured in clinical trials. Based on these principles, biomarkers that can provide information about an individual's prognosis or predict his or her treatment response can be used to tailor treatment decisions to individual patients. Many novel molecular biomarkers are currently available. Although there is evidence to show that some of these can improve patient outcomes through improved biomarker-guided treatment strategies, others are yet to be adequately evaluated. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can distinguish whether a biomarker provides prognostic or predictive information and assess whether using a biomarker to guide treatment improves patient outcomes. Targeted RCTs can be used to demonstrate the efficacy of treatment in a restricted biomarker-defined population, and non-targeted RCTs can compare biomarker-guided versus conventional test-guided treatment strategies in broader populations.