gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Powder Bed Selective Laser Processing: A Review (2021)

The implementation of a powder bed selective laser processing (PBSLP) technique for bioactive ceramics, including selective laser sintering and melting (SLM/SLS), a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) approach is far more challenging when compared to its metallic and polymeric counterparts for the fabrication of biomedical materials. Direct PBSLP can offer binder-free fabrication of bioactive scaffolds without involving postprocessing techniques. This review explicitly focuses on the PBSLP technique for bioactive ceramics and encompasses a detailed overview of the PBSLP process and the general requirements and properties of the bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue growth. The bioactive ceramics enclosing calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium silicates (CS) and their respective composite scaffolds processed through PBSLP are also extensively discussed. This review paper also categorizes the bone regeneration strategies of the bioactive scaffolds processed through PBSLP with the various modes of functionalization through the incorporation of drugs, stem cells, and growth factors to ameliorate critical-sized bone defects based on the fracture site length for personalized medicine.
Neutralizing antibody against FGFR3 shows anti-tumor effects in multiple tumor models in vivo (2007)

2080 Dysregulation of FGFR3 signaling has been observed in certain cancers: in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma (UCC) FGFR3 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal tissue; in Multiple Myeloma (MM) t(4;14)(p16;q32)-translocation leads to FGFR3 over-expression. Activating mutations of the receptor are common in both cancer types and some of these mutations are capable of transforming normal cells. We have shown that a neutralizing antibody against FGFR3, IMC-D11, inhibits FGFR3 signaling in vitro. Here we tested the anti-tumor activity of IMC-D11 in mouse xenograft models. A range of tumor cell lines, including UCC and MM, were screened for FGFR3 expression by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. High FGFR3 expression was confirmed in RT-112, RT-4, OPM-2 (harboring an activating K650E point mutation in FGFR3), GEO, and Fadu. Treating the tumor cells with FGF1 and/or FGF9 led to up-regulation of phospho-Erk1/2, phospho-Akt, and/or phospho-p38; suggesting FGFR3 signaling may play a role in tumor growth and survival. IMC-D11 significantly inhibited growth of these tumor cells in mouse xenografts. When combined with cytoxic agents, the antibody produced enhanced anti-tumor effects in RT-112, RT-4 and Fadu xenografts. In contrast, the antibody showed no effect on FGFR3-null PC-3 tumors in an orthotopic xenograft model. Our study suggests that IMC-D11 inhibits xenograft tumor growth by specifically down-modulating FGFR3 mediated mitogenic and/or survival signaling in tumor cells and that FGFR3 may be a viable therapeutic target for not only UCC and MM, but also other tumors that express high levels of the receptor.
Can activated recombinant factor VII be used to postpone the exposure of infants to factor VIII until after 2 years of age? (2005)

Summary. Two retrospective studies have suggested that exposure to factor VIII (FVIII) in early infancy is associated with an increased risk of FVIII inhibitor development. We prospectively studied 11 infants who needed replacement therapy for bleeding episodes before the age of 2 years. They received activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) concentrate on demand, with the intention of postponing their first exposure to FVIII after 2 years of age. Thirty‐three bleeding episodes were treated with 154 doses of rFVIIa with no evidence of adverse effect. Bleeding was controlled in 27 of 33 episodes. Mouth bleeds were most difficult to treat. The use of rFVIIa allowed postponement of the use of FVIII for a mean of 5.5 months (median 4, range 0–12) but in only three of 11 children could be the first exposure to factor postponed after the age of 2 years. With this modest effect of rFVIIa in postponing the first exposure to FVIII, more convincing evidence for the benefit of such a postponement will have to be demonstrated before rFVIIa could be recommended for this indication.
Zizimin and Dock guanine nucleotide exchange factors in cell function and disease (2013)

Zizimin proteins belong to the Dock (Dedicator of Cytokinesis) superfamily of Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) proteins. This family of proteins plays a role in the regulation of Rho family small GTPases. Together the Rho family of small GTPases and the Dock/Zizimin proteins play a vital role in a number of cell processes including cell migration, apoptosis, cell division and cell adhesion. Our recent studies of Zizimin proteins, using a simple biomedical model, the eukaryotic social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, have helped to elucidate the cellular role of these proteins. In this article, we discuss the domain structure of Zizimin proteins from an evolutionary viewpoint. We also compare what is currently known about the mammalian Zizimin proteins to that of related Dock proteins. Understanding the cellular functions of these proteins will provide a better insight into their role in cell signaling, and may help in treating disease pathology associated with mutations in Dock/Zizimin proteins.
High-T c multilayer step-edge Josephson junctions and SQUIDs (1993)

We have developed a reliable process to fabricate high-quality YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) step-edge junctions and SQUIDs over YBCO ground planes. These multilevel circuits employ thin films of SrTiO3 and NdGaO3 as the insulating layer between the active device and the ground plane and use Ag as the normal metal in the Josephson junction. The reproducibility and uniformity of the junctions are better than our single-level devices grown directly on step edges cut into single-crystal substrates. Here the critical current variation among junctions on a single wafer is less than a factor of 2. Junctions grown on thin-film step edges of SrTiO3 have critical currents near 2 mA at 4 K, while those grown on NdGaO3 step edges have critical currents near 0.5 mA at 4 K.
Early-Onset Neutropenia in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants (2015)

BACKGROUND: Early neutropenia is more common in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (birth weight &amp;lt;10th percentile) than in appropriately grown neonates. However, several aspects of this variety of neutropenia are unknown, including the duration, kinetic mechanism, and outcomes. METHODS: Using 10 years of multihospital records, we studied SGA neonates who, during the first week after birth, had neutrophil counts &amp;lt;1000/μL. RESULTS: This degree of neutropenia was more common in SGA neonates (6%, 207/3650) than in non-SGA matched controls (1%, 46/3650; P &amp;lt; .001). Neutrophil counts stayed below the lower reference interval for 7 days. Ratios of immature to total neutrophils were within the reference interval, suggesting reduced neutrophil production, not accelerated neutrophil use or destruction. Increased nucleated red cells at birth correlated with decreased neutrophils (P &amp;lt; .001). Neutropenia was not independently associated with maternal hypertensive disorders, over and above the effect of SGA. Of 201 neutropenic SGA neonates, 129 (64%) also had thrombocytopenia. Sixteen percent of neutropenic neonates were treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with no reduction in late-onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Regression analysis showed that neutropenia (but not thrombocytopenia in the absence of neutropenia) was independently associated with increased odds of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (odds ratio 4.01, 90% confidence interval 2.08 to 7.35, P &amp;lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS: Neutropenia of SGA is a condition of 1-week duration. It is more closely associated with SGA than maternal hypertension (likely owing to neutrophil hypoproduction associated with intrauterine hypoxia), often accompanied by thrombocytopenia, not obviously improved by rG-CSF or IVIG, and associated with an increased risk for NEC.
Dynamic Memory Adjustment for External Mergesort (1997)

Sorting is a memory intensive operation whose performance is greatly affected by the amount of memory available as work space. When the input size is unknown or available memory space varies, static memory allocation either wastes memory space or fails to make full use of memory to speed up sorting. This paper presents a method for run-time adjustment of in-memory work space for external mergesort and a policy for allocating memory among concurrent, competing sorts. Experimental results confirm that the new method enables sorts to adapt their memory usage gracefully to the actual input size and available memory space. When multiple sorts compete for memory resources, we found that sort throughput and response time are improved significantly by our policy for memory allocation combined with limiting the number of sorts processed concurrently. 1 Introduction Sorts and joins are memory intensive operations whose performance is greatly affected by the amount of main memory work space ava...
An Erbium-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source with Long Period Fiber Grating Wavelength Stabilization (1997)

Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources (SFS) are of great interest for use in interferometric fiber optic gyros (IFOG), because of their broad band output and good intrinsic wavelength stability.1
Optimum Power and Rate Allocation for Coded V-BLAST (2009)

An analytical framework for minimizing the outage probability of a coded spatial multiplexing system while keeping the rate close to the capacity is developed. Based on this framework, specific strategies of optimum power and rate allocation for the coded V-BLAST architecture are obtained and its performance is analyzed. A fractional waterfilling algorithm, which is shown to optimize both the capacity and the outage probability of the coded V-BLAST, is proposed. Compact, closed-form expressions for the optimum allocation of the average power are given. The uniform allocation of average power is shown to be near optimum at moderate to high SNR for the coded V-BLAST with the average rate allocation (when per-stream rates are set to match the per-stream capacity). The results reported also apply to multiuser detection and channel equalization relying on successive interference cancelation.
A unified theory of quantum limits for optically pre-amplified and coherent detection (2006)

We develop a unified theory of ideal error rate performance and quantum limit sensitivities for a large variety of optical modulation formats under four detection schemes: optically pre-amplified direct detection, and coherent homodyne / (a)synchronous heterodyne.
Performance degradation due to code tracking errors in spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access systems (1996)

The influence of code synchronization errors on the performance of direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) communication systems is investigated. Insight is gained in the degradation of some basic performance parameters due to the tracking bias of a noncoherent delay lock loop (DLL). The performance parameters investigated are the bit-error probability, throughput and delay. Numerical results show that for receivers with an early-late spacing of d=1, using a noncoherent DLL, the results of a system performance analysis in a fast fading environment can be much too optimistic if the tracking errors are ignored.
The Classical Structure of TaCp2(H)(SiMe2H)2 (1999)

Neutron diffraction analysis of TaCp 2 (H)(SiMe 2 H) 2 (1) has revealed a symmetric structure with a classical, rather than agostic, hydride ligand: the Ta–H distance is 1.785(15) Å, the non-bonding H···Si distances are 2.189(18) and 2.190(17) Å, and the H–Ta–Si angles are 55.2(5) and 55.5(5)°; final R factor = 8.9% for 1295 reflections.
Interaction of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli With Host Uroepithelium (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Uro-science1 Dec 2005Interaction of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli With Host Uroepithelium Timothy L. RatliffPh.D. Timothy L. RatliffTimothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)69043-8AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Interaction of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli With Host Uroepithelium." The Journal of Urology, 174(6), p. 2420 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 6December 2005Page: 2420 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Timothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Practical Antenna Training for Millimeter Wave MIMO Communication (2008)

We study antenna training method for millimeter wave MIMO communication systems and develop iterative antenna training (IAT) algorithm and protocols. The newly developed training method features low training overhead as well as low computation complexity, and has great application potential in practice.
Multi-layer aircraft structure inspection using super-sensitive Remote-Field Eddy-Current system (2001)

The Remote-Field Eddy-Current Technique (RFECT) has recently been applied for detecting deeply hidden cracks and corrosion in samples simulating multi-layer aluminum aircraft structures. Experimental measurement results have shown high sensitivity of the RFECT system in these applications. For example, the system can detect a 0.03″ long fatigue crack on a fastener hole located on the bottom surface of the bottom layer. The crack is located 0.446″ below the inspection surface. The second example shows that when scanning a multiple layer aluminum sample with total thickness of 0.29″, the RFECT system can detect wall thinning as small as 1% of the total thickness.
Spatial disease clusters: Detection and inference (1995)

We present a new method of detection and inference for spatial clusters of a disease. To avoid ad hoc procedures to test for clustering, we have a clearly defined alternative hypothesis and our test statistic is based on the likelihood ratio. The proposed test can detect clusters of any size, located anywhere in the study region. It is not restricted to clusters that conform to predefined administrative or political borders. The test can be used for spatially aggregated data as well as when exact geographic co-ordinates are known for each individual. We illustrate the method on a data set describing the occurrence of leukaemia in Upstate New York.
Solution Properties of Comb-Shaped Polystyrenes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution Properties of Comb-Shaped PolystyrenesIchiro Noda, Tetsuya Horikawa, Tadaya Kato, Teru Fujimoto, and Mitsuru NagasawaCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 6, 795–799Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60018a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60018a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distribution and Rate of Microbial Processes in an Ammonia-Loaded Air Filter Biofilm (2009)

The in situ activity and distribution of heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria and their potential interactions were investigated in a full-scale, two-section, trickling filter designed for biological degradation of volatile organics and NH(3) in ventilation air from pig farms. The filter biofilm was investigated by microsensor analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and batch incubation activity measurements. In situ aerobic activity showed a significant decrease through the filter, while the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was highly skewed toward the filter outlet. Nitrite oxidation was not detected during most of the experimental period, and the AOB activity therefore resulted in NO(2)(-), accumulation, with concentrations often exceeding 100 mM at the filter inlet. The restriction of AOB to the outlet section of the filter was explained by both competition with heterotrophic bacteria for O(2) and inhibition by the protonated form of NO(2)(-), HNO(2). Product inhibition of AOB growth could explain why this type of filter tends to emit air with a rather constant NH(3) concentration irrespective of variations in inlet concentration and airflow.
Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives, Allocative Efficiency, and Corporate Taxation (2001)

The criterion for allocative efficiency is derived for a market system consisting of producers, a processor, and consumers and compared to the solution conditions for cooperative and profit-maximizing processors. A cooperative that maximizes total member returns will restrict output to less than the social optimum unless it is a price taker in the processed product market. A cooperative that processes whatever quantity of raw product members choose to deliver will overproduce relative to the social optimum unless marginal and average processing costs are equal. An income tax can be used to move a cooperative that restricts output toward the social optimum.
Intein Applications: From Protein Purification and Labeling to Metabolic Control Methods (2014)

The discovery of inteins in the early 1990s opened the door to a wide variety of new technologies. Early engineered inteins from various sources allowed the development of self-cleaving affinity tags and new methods for joining protein segments through expressed protein ligation. Some applications were developed around native and engineered split inteins, which allow protein segments expressed separately to be spliced together in vitro. More recently, these early applications have been expanded and optimized through the discovery of highly efficient trans-splicing and trans-cleaving inteins. These new inteins have enabled a wide variety of applications in metabolic engineering, protein labeling, biomaterials construction, protein cyclization, and protein purification.
Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrogen Adsorption in a Ti‐Decorated Mg‐Based Metal–Organic Framework‐74 (2015)

The Ti-binding energy and hydrogen adsorption energy of a Ti-decorated Mg-based metal-organic framework-74 (Mg-MOF-74) were evaluated by using first-principles calculations. Our results revealed that only three Ti adsorption sites were found to be stable. The adsorption site near the metal oxide unit is the most stable. To investigate the hydrogen-adsorption properties of Ti-functionalized Mg-MOF-74, the hydrogen-binding energy was determined. For the most stable Ti adsorption site, we found that the hydrogen adsorption energy ranged from 0.26 to 0.48 eV H2 (-1) . This is within the desirable range for practical hydrogen-storage applications. Moreover, the hydrogen capacity was determined by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our results revealed that the hydrogen uptake by Ti-decorated Mg-MOF-74 at temperatures of 77, 150, and 298 K and ambient pressure were 1.81, 1.74, and 1.29 H2 wt %, respectively.
Toward perception-based anticipation of cortical breach during K-wire fixation of the pelvis (2022)

Intraoperative imaging using C-arm X-ray systems enables percutaneous management of fractures by providing real-time visualization of tool to tissue relationships. However, estimating appropriate positioning of surgical instruments, such as K-wires, relative to safe bony corridors is challenging due to the projective nature of X-ray images: tool pose in the plane containing the principal ray is difficult to assess, necessitating the acquisition of numerous views onto the anatomy. This task is especially demanding in complex anatomy, such as the superior pubic ramus of the pelvis, and results in high cognitive load and repeat attempts even in experienced trauma surgeons. A perception-based algorithm that interprets interventional radiographs during internal fixation to infer the likelihood of cortical breach - especially early on, when the wire has not been advanced - might reduce both the amount of X-rays acquired for verification and the likelihood of repeat attempts. In this manuscript, we present first steps towards developing such an algorithm. We devise a strategy for <i>in silico</i> collection and annotation of X-ray images suitable for detecting cortical breach of a K-wire in the superior pubic ramus, including those with visible fractures. Beginning with minimal manual annotations of correct trajectories, we randomly perturb entry and exit points and project the 3D scene using a physics-based forward model to obtain a large number of 2D X-ray images with and without cortical breach. We report baseline results for anticipating cortical breach at various K-wire insertion depths, achieving an AUROC score of 0.68 for 50% insertion. Code and data are available at github.com/benjamindkilleen/cortical-breach-detection.
Differential Production of Thaxtomins by PathogenicStreptomycesSpecies In Vitro (1995)

Streptomyces scabies and S. acidiscabies, causal agents of potato scab, produced the phytotoxin thaxtomin A and, to a lesser extent, other thaxtomins in oatmeal broth (OMB). Two nonpathogenic strains, Streptomyces lividans TK 24 and Streptomyces sp. 84-05, did not produce thaxtomins in OMB. Though thaxtomin A was produced by S. scabies strain 87-22 in potato broth, fresh potato starch, and some commercial starch preparations, production was much greater in OMB than in other media tested. Thaxtomin A was not produced in Luria broth or tryptic soy broth. Production of thaxtomin A by 87-22 was suppressed by 0.5 % glucose in OMB but was stimulated by up to 5.0 % glucose in oatmeal agar. Streptomyces scabies strain 87-22 produced 4.25 μg thaxtomin A per milliliter of OMB while strain 84-34 produced 0.17 μg per milliliter of OMB. Streptomyces acidiscabies strains 84-110 and 90-25 produced similar amounts of thaxtomin A, 2.65 and 4.45 μg per milliliter of OMB, respectively. Strain 87-22 was much more virulent on tubers of Chippewa, a scab-susceptible potato cultivar, than was strain 84-34. A tuber slice bioassay was useful for detection of thaxtomins in culture media and for identifying pathogenic Streptomyces strains
Raman spectroscopy of (K,Na)NbO3 and (K,Na)1−xLixNbO3 (2008)

We report Raman spectroscopy in all four phases of a (K0.5+δNa0.5−δ)NbO3 (δ∼0.03) crystal and ((K0.5+δNa0.5−δ)1−xLix)NbO3 for x=0.02 and 0.03. The phase transitions in the Li-free crystal are homogeneous and hysteretic, with no mixed-phase region between the rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. Raman spectra in the lowest-temperature phase in the Li-doped material differ significantly from those at x=0 and suggest a structural phase boundary at a Li concentration of less than 2%.