gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative metrics for assessing IMRT plan conformity: A virtual phantom study (2019)

Abstract Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is a complex form of radiation delivery for the treatment of malignant tumours and other diseases. In IMRT treatment planning, quantitative assessment is crucial to measure and improve the plan quality and treatment delivery. The search for simple and universal quantitative metrics to assess IMRT treatment plan quality has been identified as important, but as yet not entirely successful. The aim of this study was to assess the IMRT treatment plan quality from the perspective of planning conformity. Conformity index (CI) was adopted to quantify the plan conformity. Virtual phantoms were developed for the initial conformity assessment, in order to form a basis for treatment plan inter-comparisons amongst the different IMRT techniques. A series of multi organs at risk (OARs) phantoms was developed to simulate the planning target volume (PTV) and OARs for different configurations. Conformity assessments were undertaken on all the IMRT plans generated using the virtual phantoms. This study has demonstrated the successful development of virtual phantoms to assess objectively and systematically the IMRT treatment plan conformity.
A control education software suite to bridge methodological and engineering aspects (2020)

Software obviously plays a relevant role in both control education and engineering. Methodology-centred tools help learning in the class and are also useful for high-level tasks in the profession. Engineering-centred ones are necessary for any realistically sized problem, and their comprehension helps designing efficient and well maintainable control applications. However, brutalising for brevity, the two sets of tools hardly intersect one another, and are most often addressed with very different educational viewpoints—and frequently with some under-emphasis on the engineering side if not for laboratory practice. This paper provides a reasoned overview of the scenario just sketched, and based on a long experience, proposes a coordinated set of tools, selected among well assessed and solidly maintained ones, to help the students bridge methodological and engineering aspects into a unitary forma mentis.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent and Magnetic Cyano‐Bridged Coordination Polymers Containing 4d—4f Ions: Toward Multifunctional Materials. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polarographic Behavior of Molybdenum(VI) in Acidic Chloride Media. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarographic Behavior of Molybdenum(VI) in Acidic Chloride Media.J. J. Wittick and G. A. RechnitzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 7, 816–822Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60226a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60226a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cleavage of Nidogen-1 by Cathepsin S Impairs Its Binding to Basement Membrane Partners (2012)

Cathepsin S (catS), which is expressed in normal human keratinocytes and localized close to the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) degrades some of major basement membrane (BM) constituents. Among them, catS readily hydrolyzed in a time and dose dependent manner human nidogen-1 (nid-1) and nidogen-2, which are key proteins in the BM structure. CatS preferentially cleaved nid-1 at both acid and neutral pH. Hydrolysis of nid-1 was hampered in murine ctss(-/-) spleen lysates pretreated with inhibitors of other classes of proteases. Nid-1 was cleaved within its G2 and G3 globular domains that are both involved in interactions with other BM components. Binding assays with soluble and immobilized ligands indicated that catS altered the formation of complexes between nid-1 and other BM components. Assuming that the cleavage of nid-1 impairs its ability to crosslink with BM partners and perturbs the viscoelastic properties of BM matrix, these data indicate that catS may participate in BM proteolysis, in addition to already identified proteases.
VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF A TWISTED NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (1971)

A new electro-optical effect in twisted nematic liquid crystals is described which allows variation of the rotation of linearly polarized light continuously from 0° to 90°. It requires lower voltages than other electro-optic effects.
Ultralow-loss tightly confining Si3N4 waveguides and high-Q microresonators (2019)

Efficient nonlinear phenomena in integrated waveguides imply the realization in a nonlinear material of tightly confining waveguides sustaining guided modes with a small effective area with ultra-low propagation losses as well as high-power damage thresholds. However, when the waveguide cross-sectional dimensions keep shrinking, propagation losses and the probability of failure events tend to increase dramatically. In this work, we report both the fabrication and testing of high-confinement, ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides and resonators showing average attenuation coefficients as low as ∼3 dB/m across the S-, C-, and L bands for 1.6-µm-width × 800-nm-height dimensions, with intrinsic quality factors approaching ∼10<sup>7</sup> in the C band. The present technology results in very high cross-wafer device performance uniformities, low thermal susceptibility, and high power damage thresholds. In particular, we developed here an optimized fully subtractive process introducing a novel chemical-physical multistep annealing and encapsulation fabrication method, resulting in high quality Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photonic integrated circuits for energy-efficient nonlinear photonics and quantum optics.
Modified taxols. 3. Preparation and acylation of baccatin III (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModified taxols. 3. Preparation and acylation of baccatin IIINeal F. Magri, David G. I. Kingston, Chote Jitrangsri, and Thomas PiccarielloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 16, 3239–3242Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00366a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00366a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diversity in Gold‐Catalyzed Formal Cycloadditions of Ynamides with Azidoalkenes or 2H‐Azirines: [3+2] versus [4+3] Cycloadditions (2015)

Gold-catalyzed cycloadditions of ynamides with azidoalkenes or 2H-azirines give [3+2] or [4+3] formal cycloadducts of three classes. Cycloadditions of ynamides with 2H-azirine species afford pyrrole products with two regioselectivities when the Cβ -substituted 2H-azirine is replaced from an alkyl (or hydrogen) with an ester group. For ynamides substituted with an electron-rich phenyl group, their reactions with azidoalkenes proceed through novel [4+3] cycloadditions to deliver 1H-benzo[d]azepine products instead.
Nanocomposite manufacturing using ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation in solvents and monomers (2008)

On the basic of literature data on ablation was characterized as a method of nanoparticles preparation. The own research concerned the direct ultrafast laser ablation of solids used to produce the engineering nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. Without using any chemical precursors, stoichiometric nanoparticles are generated from different materials (silver, gold, NiTi alloy) and directly dispersed in a liquid, e.g. acrylic acid, acetone, water, or a monomer of polymeric material. The produced nanoparticle solutions may be used to fabricate nano-modified plastic materials with specially designed properties by polymerization directly subsequent to particles' production, without the necessity to re-disperse the particle aggregates. In order to control the size distribution and related properties, nanomaterial characterization using on-line measurements of the particle size is applied. The developed processes give access to new homogeneous nanomaterials such as multi-component nanosystems.
Models@Home: distributed computing in bioinformatics using a screensaver based approach (2002)

We developed a generally applicable distributed computing solution that uses a screensaver system similar to Seti@Home. The software exploits the coarse-grained nature of typical bioinformatics projects. Three major considerations for the design were: (1) often, many different programs are needed, while the time is lacking to parallelize them. Models@Home can run any program in parallel without modifications to the source code; (2) in contrast to the Seti project, bioinformatics applications are normally more sensitive to lost jobs. Models@Home therefore includes stringent control over job scheduling; (3) to allow use in heterogeneous environments, Linux and Windows based workstations can be combined with dedicated PCs to build a homogeneous cluster. We present three practical applications of Models@Home, running the modeling programs WHAT IF and YASARA on 30 PCs: force field parameterization, molecular dynamics docking, and database maintenance.
History of the research of liquid crystals (2022)

A historical view of studies on liquid crystals is presented. Application of those materials are also taken into account. Special attention is paid to the studies conducted at Polish scientific centres since the thirties of the last century till now. Keywords: liquid crystals, physical properties, material science, liquid crystal displays
Sentence Directed Video Object Codiscovery (2017)

Video object codiscovery can leverage the weak semantic constraint implied by sentences that describe the video content. Our codiscovery method, like other object codetection techniques, does not employ any pretrained object models or detectors. Unlike most prior work that focuses on codetecting large objects which are usually salient both in size and appearance, our method can discover small or medium sized objects as well as ones that may be occluded for part of the video. More importantly, our method can codiscover multiple object instances of different classes within a single video clip. Although the semantic information employed is usually simple and weak, it can greatly boost performance by constraining the hypothesized object locations. Experiments show promising results on three datasets: an average IoU score of 0.423 on a new dataset with 15 object classes, an average IoU score of 0.373 on a subset of CAD-120 with 5 object classes, and an average IoU score of 0.358 on a subset of MPII-Cooking with 7 object classes. Our result on this subset of MPII-Cooking improves upon those of the previous state-of-the-art methods by significant margins.
VISUAL INTEGRATION OF RESULTS FROM A LARGE DNA BIOBANK (BIOVU) USING SYNTHESIS-VIEW (2010)

In this paper, we describe using Synthesis-View, a new method of presenting complex genetic data, to revisit results of a study from the BioVU Vanderbilt DNA databank. BioVU is a biorepository of DNA samples coupled with de-identified electronic medical records (EMR). In the Ritchie et al. study ~10,000 BioVU samples were genotyped for 21 SNPs that were previously associated with 5 diseases: atrial fibrillation, Crohn Disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 2 diabetes. In the proof-of-concept study, the 21 tests of association replicated previous findings where sample size provided adequate power. The majority of the BioVU results were originally presented in tabular form. Herein we have revisited the results of this study using Synthesis-View. The Synthesis-View software tool visually synthesizes the results of complex, multi-layered studies that aim to characterize associations between small numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and diseases and/or phenotypes, such as the results of replication and meta-analysis studies. Using Synthesis-View with the data of the Ritchie et al. study and presenting these data in this integrated visual format demonstrates new ways to investigate and interpret these kinds of data. Synthesis-View is freely available for non-commercial research institutions, for full details see https://chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu/synthesisview.
Performance limits in 1:1 UV projection lithography (1979)

A modified optical design of the 1:1 Perkin–Elmer printer was evaluated at 3100 Å and 4000 Å for fine-line photolithography. Special optical coatings were applied to the reflecting surfaces to optimize overall transmission at a 3100 Å exposure wavelength while allowing selection of the exposing wavelength by optical filters. A test mask was designed for this evaluation which consists of an array of meander patterns for imaging onto metallized silicon wafers which can be electrically probed for integrity after etching. The array of 300 sites contains meander patterns with widths and spaces varying from 0.5 μm in 0.25 μm steps to 2.5 μm. A plot of the electrical probe yield of the meander patterns with respect to feature dimension indicates performance of the lithography.
In patients receiving liver transplantation, clinical deterioration necessitating medical emergency team activation is associated with prolonged hospital length of stay and higher morbidity (2020)

Background: Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at high risk of peri‐operative complications that can lead to rapid clinical deterioration (RCD). The Rapid Response System (RRS) facilitates timely escalation of care for patients identified as high‐risk for RCD, using abnormal observations and vital signs (Table 1) to activate a medical emergency team (MET). The prognostic significance of MET activation is poorly studied in LT patients. We investigated the epidemiology of MET activations in LT patients and the association between MET activation and outcomes. Methods: Patients receiving MET activations pre‐ or post‐LT (in the same admission as LT) were identified from a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing LT at the Victorian Liver Transplant Unit over 84‐months (2011‐2017). Primary outcomes were mortality, length of stay (LOS) and unplanned readmission to ICU Results: 383 patients were included. Median age was 56 years (IQR 48 ‐ 61), 65% were male and median MELD score was 18 (IQR 11 ‐ 26). 131 (34%) patients had ≥1 MET activation, with a total of 266 MET activations recorded (MET event rate 695 per 1000 LT admissions). 106 MET activations occurred in 59 patients pre‐LT (pre‐LT MET) and 160 in 88 patients post‐LT (post‐LT MET). Commonest triggers for MET activation were tachypnoea and hypotension pre‐LT and tachycardia post‐LT. MELD scores were significantly higher in the pre‐LT MET cohort compared to the no‐ and post‐LT MET groups (MELD 27 vs. 16 and 20, p&lt;0.001). Unplanned ICU readmission rates following a pre‐LT and post‐LT MET activation were 35% and 17% respectively. Of patients readmitted to ICU, 48% and 25% had fulfilled MET activation criteria for &gt;4 and &gt;12 hours prior to MET activation respectively. MET patients had significantly longer ICU LOS (no‐MET 65 hours vs. post‐LT MET 110 hours (p&lt;0.001) and vs. pre‐LT MET 136 hours (p&lt;0.001)) and hospital LOS (no‐MET 13 days vs. post‐LT MET 23 days (p&lt;0.001) and vs. pre‐LT MET 24 days (p&lt;0.001)). In‐hospital survival was 96% and did not differ between groups. MET patients were significantly more likely to require inpatient rehabilitation (no‐MET 15% vs. post‐LT MET 41% (p&lt;0.001) and vs. pre‐LT MET 56% (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: LT patients with peri‐operative complications prompting MET activation represent a high‐risk group with increased morbidity, ICU and hospital LOS. Early identification and correction of factors which predispose to MET calls may lead to improved outcomes and a reduction in health‐care costs.
<title>Multielectrode tunable lasers</title> (2001)

While tunable lasers have been a focus of research and development efforts for over 10 years, they have only recently gained market acceptance in optical transport and networking. Tunable lasers offer many compelling advantages over fixed wavelength solutions in optical networks in that they reduce inventories, allow dynamic wavelength provisioning, and simplify network control software. More interesting, is that tunable lasers have been featured in optical network development efforts in every segment: access/enterprise, metropolitan, and long haul networks leading to a variety of desired specifications and approaches. In fact, the term 'tunable laser' has come to describe an increasingly broad range of technologies from monolithic semiconductor lasers, to MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) based lasers and fiber lasers. This presentation will focus on monolithic, widely-tunable lasers which are promising candidates to satisfy the needs of all the market segments mentioned.
Doping profile of InP nanowires directly imaged by photoemission electron microscopy (2011)

InP nanowires (NWs) with differently doped segments were studied with nanoscale resolution using synchrotron based photoemission electron microscopy. We clearly resolved axially stacked n-type and undoped segments of the NWs without the need of additional processing or contacting. The lengths and relative doping levels of different NW segments as well as space charge regions were determined indicating memory effects of sulfur during growth. The surface chemistry of the nanowires was monitored simultaneously, showing that in the present case, the doping contrast was independent of the presence or absence of a native oxide.
Evaluation des nématodes entomopathogènes et leurs bactéries symbiotiques pour lutter contre les taupins (2018)

Evaluation des nématodes entomopathogènes et leurs bactéries symbiotiques pour lutter contre les taupins. Natural Products and Biocontrol et Journée Elicitra
Non‐alpha‐adrenergic effects on systemic vascular conductance during lower‐body negative pressure, static exercise and muscle metaboreflex activation (2012)

Non-α-adrenergic vasoconstriction was present during LBNP. The systemic vasoconstriction during static exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex activation, in the absence of leg vasoconstriction, was explained by an α-adrenergic mechanism. Therefore, non-α-adrenergic vasoconstriction is more emphasized during baroreflex, but not metaboreflex-mediated sympathetic activation.
Optical coherence tomography for presurgical margin assessment of non‐melanoma skin cancer – a practical approach (2013)

In the clinical setting, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is applicable for the non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer and may in particular be used for margin definition prior to excision. In this regard, OCT may improve the success rate of removing tumor lesions more effectively, preventing repetitive excision, which may subsequently result in smaller excisions. In this study, we have aimed to evaluate the applicability of OCT for in vivo presurgical margin assessment of non-melanocytic skin tumors (NMSC) and to describe the feasibility of different scanning techniques. A total number of 18 patients planned for excision of lesions suspicious of NMSC were included in this study. Based on OCT, we defined the specific tumor margins on 19 lesions preoperatively using different scanning modalities. Sixty-one margin points and five complete tumor margins were analysed on 18 patients with a total of 19 lesions including 63% basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 12), 16% (n = 3) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 21% of other types of skin tumors (n = 4) were classified. In 84% of the cases (n = 16), the OCT-defined lateral margins correctly indicated complete removal of the tumor. The surgical margins chosen by the surgeon never fell below the OCT-defined margin. Regarding the techniques of marginal definition, punctual tumor border scan in the perpendicular direction, with an extension of free-run scans for unsure cases can hardly be recommended. This study shows that suspected NMSC can effectively be confirmed, and furthermore, resection margin can be minimized under OCT control without reducing the rate of complete removal.
Recent Results from the CANGAROO Project (1996)

The C ollaboration of A ustralia and N ippon for a GA mma R ay O bservatory in the O utback operates two large telescopes at Woomera (South Australia), which detect the Čerenkov light images produced in the atmosphere by electronpositron cascades initiated by very high energy (~1 TeV or 10 12 eV) gamma rays. These gamma rays arise from a different mechanism than at EGRET energies: inverse Compton (IC) emission from relativistic electrons. The spoke-like images are recorded by a multi-pixel camera which facilitates the rejection of the large numbers of oblique and ragged cosmic ray images. A field of view ~3.5° is required. The Australian team operates a triple 4 m diameter mirror telescope, BIGRAT, with a 37 photomultiplier tube camera and energy threshold 600 GeV. The Japanese operate a single, highly accurate 3.8 m diameter f/1 telescope and high resolution 256 photomultipler tube camera. In 1998 a new 7 m telescope is planned for Woomera with a design threshold ~;200GeV.
CPMEC FACING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES UNDER NEW SITUATION (2001)

China Petroleum Materials & Equipment Corporation (CPMEC) is the procurement center of China National Petroleum Corporation, which is responsible for supplies of materials and equipment for CNPC including PetroChina. As a large-scale enterprise with integration of internal and external trade and integration of production and marketing,CPMEC has owned 11 independent subsidiaries and opened offices in the United States and Canada. It has established trade relations with more than 3600 companies worldwide.