gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Low-Frequency Noise in Crossflow Transition Control (2020)

Direct numerical simulations were performed to investigate crossflow transition control by the three-dimensional steady upstream flow deformation technique under the influence of low-frequency fluctuations. In wind-tunnel or flight experiments with discrete roughness elements, the fluctuations most likely arise from the interaction of the elements with background turbulence or base-flow fluctuations. If plasma actuators are applied instead, they directly enhance—unintended by discharge randomness—the low-frequency fluctuation level of the flow, degrading the control effectiveness that is based on inducing steady control vortices. To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the promoted transition due to low-frequency fluctuations, the present work focused on localized volume forcing, modeling two actuator configurations, that is, plasma virtual roughness elements and streamwise vortex generators. The noise is introduced by modulating the steady volume force using a broadband low-frequency signal. Even when the steady control mode clearly dominates over low-frequency traveling disturbances, transition can still be significantly accelerated by the known secondarily amplified type III modes. Compared with the much localized active or passive roughness elements investigated in previous crossflow experiments, elongated vortex generators spreading over a larger streamwise distance diminish the receptivity of misaligned traveling modes and thus offer a better control performance.
Sagittaria calycina Engelm. (2013)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/14314/thumbnail.jpg
OmniFair: A Declarative System for Model-Agnostic Group Fairness in Machine Learning (2021)

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to make decisions in our society. ML models, however, can be unfair to certain demographic groups (e.g., African Americans or females) according to various fairness metrics. Existing techniques for producing fair ML models either are limited to the type of fairness constraints they can handle (e.g., preprocessing) or require nontrivial modifications to downstream ML training algorithms (e.g., in-processing).
EEN encodes for a member of a new family of proteins containing an Src homology 3 domain and is the third gene located on chromosome 19p13 that fuses to MLL in human leukemia (1997)

The MLL gene, the closest human homologue to the Drosophila trithorax gene, undergoes chromosomal translocation with a large number of different partner genes in both acute lymphoid and acute myeloid leukemias. We have identified a new partner gene, EEN, fused to MLL in a case of acute myeloid leukemia. The gene is located on chromosome 19p13, where two other MLL partner genes, ENL and ELL/MEN have also been identified. The deduced protein of 368 aa contains a central alpha-helical region and a C-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain most similar to the C-terminal SH3 domain found in the Grb2/Sem-5/Drk family of genes. Sequence analysis of the fusion MLL/EEN transcript in our patient reveals that exon 6 of MLL is fused to the N-terminal end of EEN, a fusion that would create a chimeric protein that includes the major functional domain of EEN. EEN is expressed in a variety of tissue types and encodes a protein of approximately 46 kDa. The EEN protein is the human homologue of a member of a recently described murine SH3 domain-containing protein family. It is also highly related to a putative gene identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a number of similar sequences are present in the EST databases of several species.
A complementary laser system for ISOLDE RILIS (2011)

The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) is a powerful tool for efficient and selective production of radioactive ion beams at Isotope Separator On Line (ISOL) facilities. To avoid isobaric background, highly selective stepwise resonant ionization is applied, using up to three different laser wavelengths. Due to their advantages in terms of stability and reliability, an all solid-state titanium:sapphire (Ti:Sa) system is used or is planned to be installed at the majority of on-line facilities worldwide. Such an all solid-state Ti:Sa laser system is going to be installed at the ISOLDE RILIS at CERN alongside the well-established dye laser system.
Is het mogelijk Porphyromonas gingivalis te verwijderen met slechts initiële therapie (2007)

Helicases are multifunctional motor proteins with the primary task of separating nucleic acid duplexes. These enzymes often exist in distinct oligomeric forms and play essential roles during nucleic acid metabolism. Whether there is a correlation between their oligomeric state and cellular function, and how helicases effectively perform functional switching remains enigmatic. Here, we address these questions using a combined single-molecule approach and Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM). By examining the head-on collision of two BLM-mediated DNA unwinding forks, we find that two groups of BLM, upon fork convergence, promptly oligomerize across the fork junctions and tightly bridge two independent single-stranded (ss) DNA molecules that were newly generated by the unwinding BLMs. This protein oligomerization is mediated by the helicase and RNase D C-terminal (HRDC) domain of BLM and can sustain a disruptive force of up to 300 pN. Strikingly, onsite BLM oligomerization gives rise to an immediate transition of their helicase activities, from unwinding dsDNA to translocating along ssDNA at exceedingly fast rates, thus allowing for the efficient displacement of ssDNA-binding proteins, such as RPA and RAD51. These findings uncover an activity transition pathway for helicases and help to explain how BLM plays both pro- and anti-recombination roles in the maintenance of genome stability.
Stable Matchings in Metric Spaces: Modeling Real-World Preferences using Proximity (2017)

Suppose each of $n$ men and $n$ women is located at a point in a metric space. A woman ranks the men in order of their distance to her from closest to farthest, breaking ties at random. The men rank the women similarly. An interesting problem is to use these ranking lists and find a stable matching in the sense of Gale and Shapley. This problem formulation naturally models preferences in several real world applications; for example, dating sites, room renting/letting, ride hailing and labor markets. Two key questions that arise in this setting are: (a) When is the stable matching unique without resorting to tie breaks? (b) If $X$ is the distance between a randomly chosen stable pair, what is the distribution of $X$ and what is $E(X)$? We study dating sites and ride hailing as prototypical examples of stable matchings in discrete and continuous metric spaces, respectively. In the dating site model, each person is assigned to a point on the $k$-dimensional hypercube based on their answers to a set of binary $k$ questions. We consider two different metrics on the hypercube: Hamming and Weighted Hamming. Under both metrics, there are exponentially many stable matchings when $k = \lfloor\log n\rfloor$. There is a unique stable matching, with high probability, under the Hamming distance when $k = Ω(n^6)$, and under the Weighted Hamming distance when $k &gt; (2+ε) \log n$ for some $ε&gt;0$. In the ride hailing model, passengers and cabs are modeled as points on the line and matched based on Euclidean distance. Assuming the locations of the passengers and cabs are independent Poisson processes of different intensities, we derive bounds on the distribution of $X$ in terms of busy periods at a last-come-first-served preemptive-resume (LCFS-PR) queue.
A Novel Mechanism Involving Four-and-a-half LIM Domain Protein-1 and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase-2 Regulates Titin Phosphorylation and Mechanics (2012)

Understanding mechanisms underlying titin regulation in cardiac muscle function is of critical importance given recent compelling evidence that highlight titin mutations as major determinants of human cardiomyopathy. We previously identified a cardiac biomechanical stress-regulated complex at the cardiac-specific N2B region of titin that includes four-and-a-half LIM domain protein-1 (Fhl1) and components of the mitogen-activated protein signaling cascade, which impacted muscle compliance in Fhl1 knock-out cardiac muscle. However, direct regulation of these molecular components in mediating titin N2B function remained unresolved. Here we identify Fhl1 as a novel negative regulator of titin N2B levels and phosphorylation-mediated mechanics. We specifically identify titin N2B as a novel substrate of extracellular signal regulated-kinase-2 (Erk2) and demonstrate that Fhl1 directly interferes with Erk2-mediated titin-N2B phosphorylation. We highlight the critical region in titin-N2B that interacts with Fhl1 and residues that are dependent on Erk2-mediated phosphorylation in situ. We also propose a potential mechanism for a known titin-N2B cardiomyopathy-causing mutation that involves this regulatory complex. These studies shed light on a novel mechanism regulating titin-N2B mechano-signaling as well as suggest that dysfunction of these pathways could be important in cardiac disease states affecting muscle compliance.
The Relation between Childhood Environment and the Scholastic Aptitude and Intelligence of Adults (1949)

(1949). The Relation between Childhood Environment and the Scholastic Aptitude and Intelligence of Adults. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 37-41.
Covariance group for null geodesic expansion calculations, and its application to the apparent horizon (2021)

We show that the recipe for computing the expansions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of outgoing and ingoing null geodesics normal to a surface admits a covariance group with nonconstant scalar [Formula: see text], corresponding to the mapping [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Under this mapping, the product [Formula: see text] is invariant, and thus the marginal surface computed from the vanishing of [Formula: see text], which is used to define the apparent horizon, is invariant. This covariance group naturally appears in comparing the expansions computed with different choices of coordinate system.
Effects of Temperature-Dependent Anisotropy in RAC Devices and a Cut of Quartz for a Temperature-Compensated RAC (1979)

The analysis of temperature-dependent effects in RAC devices shows that not only uniform changes in delay, but also t he effects of temperaturedependent velocity anisotropy lead to temperaturesensitive behavior. S ince ST quartz is temperature compensated in only one direction of SAW propagation and because the anisotropy is temperature dependent, a RAC fabricated on ST quartz is not temperature stable. quartz is proposed for use in temperature-compensated RAC devices. Experimental evidence is presented for a 35.1O-rotated Y cut of quartz which possesses two temperature-compensated SAW propagation directions located at right angles to each other. A RAC fabricated on this cut is fully temperature compensated. The measured second-order temperature coefficient of delay of this new cut is smaller than that for ST-X quartz.
Subtraction of illuminance using a Savart plate (1976)

After having discussed the principle of the technique for subtraction of illuminance, based on the use of image holograms, we describe a device employing a Savart plate, placed between an analyser and a polarizer, which enables subtraction directly from a real object rather than its photographed image. The objects are illuminated with quasi-monochromatic spatially incoherent light. We also study the influence of the various parameters on recording and reconstruction of image-holograms. In particular, we show that the orientation adjustments of the analyser and the polarizer do not require great precision. Further more, we determine limitations which must be imposed on the band pass of the recording device and on the slit width of the reconstruction device so that the various orders diffracted by the image hologram do not overlap. Finally, we present results for a three dimensional object, obtained under theoretically determined conditions for the experiment.
COVID-19 mortality in Lombardy: the vulnerability of the oldest old and the resilience of male centenarians (2020)

Italy was the first European nation to be affected by COVID-19. The biggest cluster of cases occurred in Lombardy, the most populous Italian region, and elderly men were the population hit in the hardest way. Besides its high infectivity, COVID-19 causes a severe cytokine storm and old people, especially those with comorbidities, appear to be the most vulnerable, presumably in connection to inflammaging. In centenarians inflammaging is much lower than predicted by their chronological age and females, presenting survival advantage in almost all centenarian populations, outnumber males, a phenomenon particularly evident in Northern Italy. Within this scenario, we wondered if: a) the COVID-19 mortality in centenarians was lower than that in people aged between 50 and 80 and b) the mortality from COVID-19 in nonagenarians and centenarians highlighted gender differences.We checked COVID-19-related vulnerability/mortality at the peak of infection (March 2020), using data on total deaths (i.e. not only confirmed COVID-19 cases). Our conclusion is that excess mortality increases steadily up to very old ages and at the same time men older than 90 years become relatively more resilient than age-matched females.
The Gamow Explorer: a Gamma-Ray Burst Observatory to study the high redshift universe and enable multi-messenger astrophysics (2021)

The Gamow Explorer will use Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) to: 1) probe the high redshift universe (z &lt; 6) when the first stars were born, galaxies formed and Hydrogen was reionized; and 2) enable multi-messenger astrophysics by rapidly identifying Electro-Magnetic (IR/Optical/X-ray) counterparts to Gravitational Wave (GW) events. GRBs have been detected out to z ~ 9 and their afterglows are a bright beacon lasting a few days that can be used to observe the spectral fingerprints of the host galaxy and intergalactic medium to map the period of reionization and early metal enrichment. Gamow Explorer is optimized to quickly identify high-z events to trigger follow-up observations with JWST and large ground-based telescopes. A wide field of view Lobster Eye X-ray Telescope (LEXT) will search for GRBs and locate them with arc-minute precision. When a GRB is detected, the rapidly slewing spacecraft will point the 5 photometric channel Photo-z Infra-Red Telescope (PIRT) to identify high redshift (z &lt; 6) long GRBs within 100s and send an alert within 1000s of the GRB trigger. An L2 orbit provides &lt; 95% observing efficiency with pointing optimized for follow up by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground observatories. The predicted Gamow Explorer high-z rate is &lt;10 times that of the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The instrument and mission capabilities also enable rapid identification of short GRBs and their afterglows associated with GW events. The Gamow Explorer will be proposed to the 2021 NASA MIDEX call and if approved, launched in 2028.
Ripple structure-generated hybrid electrokinetics for on-chip mixing and separating of functionalized beads (2014)

We present an electrokinetics-based microfluidic platform that is capable of on-chip manipulating, mixing, and separating microparticles through adjusting the interrelated magnitudes of dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis. Hybrid electrokinetic phenomenon is generated from an electric field-induced micro-ripple structure made of ultraviolet-curable glue. Size-dependent particle separation and selective removal over the ripple structure is demonstrated successfully. Varying the waveform from sine-wave to square-wave allows generating a fluid convection at specific positions to mix the antibody-functionalized beads and antigen. Potential application in the bead-based immunoassay was also demonstrated for immuno-reaction and subsequently separating the bead-bead aggregate and non-binding beads on-chip.
S outhern A frica, Popular Resistance to Neoliberalism, 1982–2007 (2009)

Southern Africa–defined here as Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe–is arguably the world's most unequal region. Characterized by a bitter colonial history, uneven development, and a series of wars shaped by the Cold War context, and generally dominated by South Africa, the region was affected by neoliberal policies from the 1980s. These pitted the ruling elites, often with national liberation backgrounds, against the mass of citizenry, who have resisted in various ways, ranging from fighting for access to health care and water, to pro‐democracy struggles, to strikes, to revived center‐left and left social movements.
Esthetic Rehabilitation of Anterior Teeth with Copy‐Milled Restorations: A Report of Two Cases (2017)

Digitalization has become part and parcel of contemporary prosthodontics with the probability of most of the procedures being based on the digital techniques in the near future. This digital revolution started in the latter half of the 20th century by converting analog objects/signals into digital bits and bytes. Recent developments in all-ceramic materials and systems of computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), copy milling, and so forth offer excellent esthetics and superb biocompatibility. Copy milling system for ceramics enables milling of the zirconia cores of all-ceramic restorations precisely and also if this system is properly used the procedure for fabricating all-ceramic restorations can be substantially simplified. This case report presents fabrication of all-ceramic Maryland Bridge and post-core with a copy milling system for esthetics and preservation of integrity of tooth. For both of the patients, the use of biologic, all-ceramic, copy-milled restorations resulted in clinical success and recovered function and esthetics.
Tests of Factorization from Single- and Double-Pion Production in 100-GeV/cp¯pandppCollisions (1977)

Single- and double-pion inclusive spectra are presented for 100-GeV/c $\overline{p}p$ interactions and compared with related $\mathrm{pp}$ data. Double-fragmentation distributions are shown to be understood within a Mueller-Regge framework as a product of single-fragmentation distributions. Consideration of $\mathrm{pp}$ and $\overline{p}p\ensuremath{-}pp$ distributions shows factorization to hold in Pomeron and in Reggeon exchanges independently.
A short-chain fatty acid, propionate, enhances the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by modulating GPR41 signaling pathways in HepG2 cells (2018)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are generated by microbial fermentation of indigestible fiber by gut flora. SCFAs are ligands of two orphan G protein-coupled receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, that modulate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. However, it is unclear if SCFAs enhance the effects of chemotherapy in a GPR41- or GPR43-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SCFAs, and particularly propionate, activate GPR41 or GPR43, and thereby enhance the antitumor effects of cisplatin in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The inhibitory effects of propionate and cisplatin on proliferation of HCC cells were determined by MTS assay. Changes in apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of combined propionate and cisplatin on these properties in HCC cells were significantly higher than those of cisplatin alone. With combined treatment, the levels of cleaved caspase-3, active caspase-3 forms, and acetylated histone H3 were enhanced in a GPR41-dependent manner; expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 proteins was significantly reduced; and induction of TNF-α expression was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that propionate and cisplatin synergistically and significantly induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells by increasing expression of autocrine TNF-α via reduction of HDACs through GPR41 signaling. From clinical and translational perspectives, our data suggest that a combination of propionate with cisplatin may have better therapeutic effects on HCC compared with conventional treatment, and that a selective GPR41 agonist may be a candidate as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HCC.
Dynamic measures of regional lung air volume using phase contrast x-ray imaging (2008)

Phase contrast x-ray imaging can provide detailed images of lung morphology with sufficient spatial resolution to observe the terminal airways (alveoli). We demonstrate that quantitative functional and anatomical imaging of lung ventilation can be achieved in vivo using two-dimensional phase contrast x-ray images with high contrast and spatial resolution (<100 microm) in near real time. Changes in lung air volume as small as 25 microL were calculated from the images of term and preterm rabbit pup lungs (n = 28) using a single-image phase retrieval algorithm. Comparisons with plethysmography and computed tomography showed that the technique provided an accurate and robust method of measuring total lung air volumes. Furthermore, regional ventilation was measured by partitioning the phase contrast images, which revealed differences in aeration for different ventilation strategies.
Estimation of Interval P Wave Orthorhombic Parameters from VSP Walkaway and Walkaround Data Using Differential Evolution (2016)

Summary Fractured subsurface formations with anisotropic backgrounds, such as in shale layers, can be effectively modeled as orthorhombic media in many cases. Extracting interval orthorhombic parameters from seismic data (surface or VSP) is, however, a non-unique and nonlinear problem. The extraction is further complicated by the presence of local extrema in the error functional that needs to be optimized. Such parameters, however, can help characterize the formations better, and hence it is necessary to develop a robust methodology for such parameter extraction. In this work, we developed an inversion scheme for obtaining interval orthorhombic parameters from VSP walkaway and walkaround direct P-wave travel time data. We combined a layer (3D planar/non-planar) based anisotropic ray tracer with a global optimization algorithm called Differential Evolution to estimate P-wave anisotropic parameters along with principal stress orientations. We further applied the developed algorithm to a field dataset and demonstrated that it can help obtain orthorhombic media parameters that could be potentially related to geology, in the presence of noise and suboptimal acquisition design.
Antiproliferation of human prostate cancer cells by ethanolic extracts of Brazilian propolis and its botanical origin (2007)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-15T11:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000248695800016.pdf: 301350 bytes, checksum: 08a8b976fa8d142d0cd1fc331fbdb58f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Birdsfoot Trefoil for Permanent Pastures (1949)

We've grown birdsfoot trefoil for a dozen years or more at Ames. We've watched it perform on different soils, in different parts of the state, with and without soil treatments, alone and with different grasses.