gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flux-weakening strategy for high speed PMSM for vehicle application (2016)

High speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are used in electrical vehicles because of their strong power density. The high speed implies a big electromotive force and requires flux-weakening. Usual control algorithms do flux-weakening by adding negative I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> current when the required voltage by the current regulation exceeds the maximum voltage depending on the battery. If the magnet can be totally defluxed then it is better to use a Maximum Torque Per Volt (MTPV) strategy. Furthermore there is no speed regulation in the control and the driver gives a torque reference that has to be limited to the reachable operating points; the battery power limit has to be taken into account in addition to the voltage and current limits. The d-q current reference are calculated to minimize the total current magnitude required to reach the reference torque. This paper presents a salient pole PMSM control that calculates the minimum magnitude current references to obtain the reference torque while respecting the voltage, current and power limits with a flux-weakening strategy and including MTPV operation in a unified algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is observed through simulations.
Role of Citric Acid in Preparing Highly Active CoMo/Al2O3 Catalyst: From Aqueous Impregnation Solution to Active Site Formation (2017)

International audience
Ten Years After 9/11: the Structure and Use of Intelligence Units in Local Policing (2013)

The events of September 11, 2001 marked a paradigm shift in the strategy within all levels of law enforcement in the United States. Intelligence became the watchword of the day and with it, the movement to incorporate strategic and tactical information in daily policing. Yet while the philosophy was clear, the method and manner to which agencies were left to achieve these goals was much less designed. The federal government allocated funds to assist help agencies incorporate an intelligence function in their daily operations but which agencies and to what degree remains unclear even today. This study seeks to determine the current state of use of intelligence in municipal law enforcement agencies in the State of Texas ten years after 9/11. Through use of a survey, it assesses the frequency of use of intelligence units in local police departments in the State of Texas, identifies commonalities in their structure, and determines the state of their effectiveness.
A Model for Intracranial Hydrodynamics (2005)

This paper presents a model for simulation of intracranial fluid dynamics. The intention is to show how to build a model for this biomedical system by using general techniques known to control engineers. By employing first order principles (like conservation of mass, ...) and constitutive equations, the ;biological' control loops are interpreted in a technical manner allowing to study the behaviour of the biological system in a simulation environment and to get a better understanding without harming a single patient.
Suppression of proHB-EGF Carboxy-Terminal Fragment Nuclear Translocation: A New Molecular Target Therapy for Gastric Cancer (2008)

These results suggest that both inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation and inhibition of HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation play crucial roles in inhibitory regulation of cancer cell growth. Suppression of HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation might offer a new strategy for treating gastric cancer.
Polymers: Opening Doors to Future Batteries (2015)

Research and development of post lithium ion batteries is attracting considerable attention. While there have been significant advances in understanding the challenges of Li-O-2(air) and Li-S batteries, the development of gas separation and ion selective membranes will be crucial in their commercialization due to their potential to separate O-2 from air and impede lithium polysulfide dissolution while permitting rapid diffusion of lithium ions. In addition, research leading to novel and highly conductive and selective polymer electrolytes will be essential in overcoming the deficiencies of liquid based electrolytes in both the air and sulfur based battery systems.
Measuring children and monitoring obesity: surveys of English Primary Care Trusts 2004–06 (2006)

Body mass index (BMI) surveillance requires new arrangements in 25% of PCTs at school entry and 80% at transfer to senior school. Important aspects of child obesity surveillance not yet addressed are pre-school measurement, longitudinal assessment and the public health requirements of (child) electronic health records.
Paramagnetic susceptibility of highly conducting polyaniline: Disordered metal with weak electron-electron interactions (Fermi glass) (1994)

Electron-spin-resonance studies of films of the conducting form of polyaniline (PANI), doped with camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA) and cast from metacresol solutions, show a temperature-independent Pauli susceptibility between 300 and 50 K; in PANI-CSA, there is no Curie contribution to the paramagnetic susceptibility at high temperatures. Below 50 K, a Curie-like contribution to the electronic susceptibility (\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\propto}1/T) is observed, indicative of singly occupied states at the Fermi energy. Thus, at approximately 50 K, the electron-electron interactions are comparable to the thermal energy in this disordered metal near the boundary of the metal-insulator transition. We conclude from this crossover that the intrasite electron-electron interaction parameter U is \ensuremath{\sim}50--60 K (\ensuremath{\sim}4--5 meV). In many samples, evidence of a spin-glass transition is observed around 10 K due to spin-spin coupling between the singly occupied states. The average spin-spin coupling (random in sign) is thereby estimated to be 0.5--1 meV. The indirect exchange interaction between localized moments via \ensuremath{\pi}-electrons is proposed to dominate at these low temperatures.
How to do an Altemeier perineal rectosigmoidectomy for full‐thickness rectal prolapse (2021)

Here, we offer a step-by-step description of the technique for an Altemeier perineal rectosigmoidectomy, which is our institution's preferred perineal approach for patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse. This article is supplemented by a series of high-quality clinical images that are available in Figs S1-S11. The principles of this technique are to excise the rectal prolapse and improve structural support of the pelvic floor.
A microwave/millimetre radar approach to shoe screening for airline passenger security (2013)

Security screening of airline passengers is commonplace and very often requires that, in addition to screening of baggage and body, the passenger's shoes should be examined. The process of shoe screening is currently carried out by use of x-ray imaging, whereby the passenger's shoes are placed into an x-ray machine and inspected by a skilled operator for signs of any concealments, for example explosive materials; weapons or narcotics. Exposure to x-ray radiation is tightly regulated for health and safety reasons and passengers must remove their shoes prior to the screening process and then replace them after; this comes at the cost of reduced passenger throughput and is one of the most cited inconveniences by air passengers. Additionally, screening of 100% of passengers' shoes is not always acceptable with the current x-ray approach and therefore shoe screening is not necessarily encompassing.
REFRACTIVE SURGICAL PROBLEM (2006)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: January 2006 - Volume 32 - Issue 1 - p 11-12 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.12.115
Strengthening Mechanisms and Features of Strain Stages in High-Manganese Austenitic Hadfield Steel (2022)

The paper presents the study of the deformation effect on high-manganese austenitic Hadfield steel. The dependences of the flow stress and the strain-hardening coefficient on the degree of plastic deformation in uniaxial tension revealed that the linear stage II of strain-hardening at ε ~ 5% can be divided into two substages different in the type of dislocation substructures and values of strain-hardening coefficients. The change in the strain-hardening coefficient correlates with the time when the twinning processes are switched on and the beginning of the transition of the dislocation substructure from one type to another. The following quantitative parameters were determined: the volume fraction of the material caught up by slip and twinning; the volume fractions of the material where twinning develops in one, two, and three systems. Twinning develops most intensively in the range of ε = 5–20%. The involvement of various types of defects (microtwins and dislocations) in the process of deformation does not depend on the method of plastic deformation (tension, rolling). The role of crystallographic texture, which manifests itself in an increase in the Schmid factor during the formation of microtwins, is determined, since microtwinning entails orientational softening and facilitates the sliding process. The presence of minimal and even zero values of the Schmid fa-ctor during twinning was revealed in individual grains. In these grains, the driving force of twinning is the internal stress fields, the occurrence of which is due to the incompatibility of the deformation of neighboring grains.
Optical look up table (2013)

The computation capacity of conventional FPGAs is directly proportional to the size and expressive power of Look Up Table (LUT) resources. Individual LUT performance is limited by transistor switching time and power dissipation, defined by the CMOS fabrication process. In this paper we propose OLUT, an optical core implementation of LUT, which has the potential for low latency and low power computation. In addition, the use of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) allows parallel computation, which can further increase computation capacity. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the potential for optically assisted on-chip computation.
Advantages of Real-Time Spatial Compound Sonography of the Musculoskeletal System Versus Conventional Sonography (2002)

Real-time spatial compound sonography significantly improved sonographic image quality in the musculoskeletal system when compared with conventional high-resolution sonography. Because musculoskeletal sonography is highly dependent on image quality and tissue-plane definition, spatial compound sonography represents an important development.
p38 Mitogen‐activated protein kinase modulates expression of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand induced by interferon‐γ in fetal brain astrocytes (2003)

This study describes the involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) signaling in fetal brain astrocytes. In some pathological conditions of brain, p38 MAPK transduces stress-related signals, increases expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and induces cellular damage or apoptosis. In astrocytes, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression level was increased by IFN-gamma. AG490, a JAK inhibitor, blocked TRAIL expression induced by IFN-gamma. SB203580, a specific p38alpha and p38beta2 MAPK inhibitor, decreased the TRAIL expression induced by IFN-gamma. The phosphorylation of the Ser727 site of STAT1, but not the Tyr701 site, was inhibited by SB203580. These results suggest that p38 MAPK modulates STAT1 phosphorylation in IFN-gamma signaling in fetal brain astrocytes.
A Maize Map Standard With Sequenced Core Markers, Grass Genome Reference Points and 932 Expressed Sequence Tagged Sites (ESTs) in a 1736-Locus Map (1999)

We have constructed a 1736-locus maize genome map containing1156 loci probed by cDNAs, 545 probed by random genomic clones, 16 by simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 14 by isozymes, and 5 by anonymous clones. Sequence information is available for 56% of the loci with 66% of the sequenced loci assigned functions. A total of 596 new ESTs were mapped from a B73 library of 5-wk-old shoots. The map contains 237 loci probed by barley, oat, wheat, rice, or tripsacum clones, which serve as grass genome reference points in comparisons between maize and other grass maps. Ninety core markers selected for low copy number, high polymorphism, and even spacing along the chromosome delineate the 100 bins on the map. The average bin size is 17 cM. Use of bin assignments enables comparison among different maize mapping populations and experiments including those involving cytogenetic stocks, mutants, or quantitative trait loci. Integration of nonmaize markers in the map extends the resources available for gene discovery beyond the boundaries of maize mapping information into the expanse of map, sequence, and phenotype information from other grass species. This map provides a foundation for numerous basic and applied investigations including studies of gene organization, gene and genome evolution, targeted cloning, and dissection of complex traits.
Future training of hospital doctors. (1993)

Many changes are occurring in the organization and management of postgraduate medical education and training. Hospital Doctors: Training for the Future (Department of Health, 1993) highlights the need for shorter training programmes and structured curricula. A number of issues still require analysis, particularly the resource implications of expanding the consultant grade.
Biomechanical Studies on Framework and Insertion of Pins of External Fixation (1984)

Compression, moment, and shear forces were loaded onto models of a long tubular bone with comminuted fracture fixed with external fixation using several pins and frameworks. Stabilities were compared by finite element method. For the unstable fracture, stability in all directions is necessary. The selection of pins and framework methods, as well as selection of pin insertion site, should take into account anatomical conditions, conditions of fracture part, muscle power, and direction of muscular actions. To obtain better stability, it is also good to add half pins to piercing pins and to make triangular frameworks. For the stable tibia fractures, Judet's method is simple and excellent. Adherence to a single method is not necessary. Pins, insertion method, and fixation apparatus should be selected after understanding all conditions.
A robust throw detection library for mobile games. (2013)

Current smartphones offer more and more computational capabilities and powerful sensors, much of which remains under-utilized for most of the time. There is an increasing conviction that this potential can open up a whole new area
Quorum-sensing control in Staphylococci â a target for antimicrobial drug therapy? (2004)

Today, we find ourselves in an urgent need for novel antibacterial drugs, as many important human pathogens have acquired multiple antibiotic resistance factors. Among those, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis play a major role as the leading sources of nosocomial infections. Recently, it has been suggested to develop therapeutics that attack bacterial virulence rather than kill bacteria. Such drugs are called "antipathogenic" and are believed to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance. Specifically, cell-density-dependent gene regulation (quorum-sensing) in bacteria has been proposed as a potential target. While promising reports exist about quorum-sensing blockers in gram-negative bacteria, the use of the staphylococcal quorum-sensing system as a drug target is now seen in an increasingly critical way. Inhibition of quorum-sensing in Staphylococcus has been shown to enhance biofilm formation. Furthermore, down-regulation or mutation of the Staphylococcus quorum-sensing system increases bacterial persistence in device-related infection, suggesting that interference with quorum-sensing would enhance rather than suppress this important type of staphylococcal disease. The chemical nature and biological function of another proposed staphylococcal quorum-sensing inhibitor, named "RIP", are insufficiently characterized. Targeting quorum-sensing systems might in principle constitute a reasonable way to find novel antibacterial drugs. However, as outlined here, this approach requires careful investigation in every specific pathogen and type of infection.
GNAS Gene Variants Affect β-blocker–related Survival after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2014)

GNAS haplotypes independently associate with an increased risk of death after primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These results are most pronounced in patients receiving βAR blockers, strengthening the rationale for personalized treatment, to decrease medication side effects and improve outcomes.
HIGH LEVEL WASTE (HLW) VITRIFICATION EXPERIENCE IN THE US: APPLICATION OF GLASS PRODUCT/PROCESS CONTROL TO OTHERHLW AND HAZARDOUS WASTES (2007)

Vitrification is currently the most widely used technology for the treatment of high level radioactive wastes (HLW) throughout the world. At the Savannah River Site (SRS) actual HLW tank waste has successfully been processed to stringent product and process constraints without any rework into a stable borosilicate glass waste since 1996. A unique 'feed forward' statistical process control (SPC) has been used rather than statistical quality control (SQC). In SPC, the feed composition to the melter is controlled prior to vitrification. In SQC, the glass product is sampled after it is vitrified. Individual glass property models form the basis for the 'feed forward' SPC. The property models transform constraints on the melt and glass properties into constraints on the feed composition. The property models are mechanistic and depend on glass bonding/structure, thermodynamics, quasicrystalline melt species, and/or electron transfers. The mechanistic models have been validated over composition regions well outside of the regions for which they were developed because they are mechanistic. Mechanistic models allow accurate extension to radioactive and hazardous waste melts well outside the composition boundaries for which they were developed.
Simvastatin Inhibits Allergen‐induced IL‐33 Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Blocking ATP Release and Ca 2+ Uptake (2019)

Previous studies have demonstrated that simvastatin possesses immunomodulatory effects in airways, but the precise mechanisms and therapeutic potential are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of simvastatin and b‐methyl‐cyclodextrin (β‐MCD) on the innate immune response of the airway epithelium induced by Alternaria alternata (100 μg/ml) and house dust mite (200 μg/ml, HDM) allergens. Experiments were performed with cultured human bronchial epithelial cells transfected with the human IL‐33 gene to produce a robust and reproducible cell model for the study of IL‐33 secretion. Cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of simvastatin ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM for 24 hours prior to allergen exposure. IL‐33 release was quantified by ELISA (Quantikine ® ) following the procedure provided by the manufacturer. Simvastatin produced a concentration‐dependent inhibition of IL‐33 release that was nearly abolished at 10 μM (IC 50 ; 1.0 μM). In contrast, simvastatin was ineffective at blocking the effects of HDM on IL‐33 release (IC 50 ; &gt;10 μM). Similarly, pretreatment with β‐MCD (5 mM) for 30 minutes also inhibited the Alternaria response, suggesting that depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane was responsible for the effects of simvastatin and β‐MCD. Subsequent experiments explored the effects of simvastatin and β‐MCD on Alternaria ‐evoked Ca 2+ uptake, which is necessary for activating IL‐33 release. Simvastatin (10 μM, 24 hrs) and β‐MCD (5 mM; 30 minutes) both abolished the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i induced by Alternaria . We next examined the possibility that abolition of Ca 2+ uptake resulted from inhibition of ATP release, since ATP activates P2X 7 receptors that mediate Ca 2+ influx in response to Alternaria exposure. ATP release was measured in real time using a luciferin/luciferase‐based photon counting assay. Both simvastatin and β‐MCD blocked ATP release. Moreover, addition of 100 μM cholesterol to the extracellular media rescued the effects of simvastatin. These results demonstrated that inhibition of IL‐33 secretion by simvastatin and β‐MCD following Alternaria exposure involved suppression of ATP release that was dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Thus, membrane cholesterol likely plays a pivotal role in innate immune function of airway epithelial cells. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by NIH R01 AI128729 to HK and SMO. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Heparin Protects Human Neural Progenitor Cells from Zika Virus-Induced Cell Death While Preserving Their Differentiation into Mature Neuroglial Cells (2022)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus member of the <i>Flaviviridae</i> family that causes severe congenital brain anomalies in infected fetuses. The key target cells of ZIKV infection, human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), are highly permissive to infection that causes the inhibition of cell proliferation and induces cell death. We have previously shown that pharmaceutical-grade heparin inhibits virus-induced cell death with negligible effects on <i>in vitro</i> virus replication in ZIKV-infected hNPCs at the "high" multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits formation of ZIKV-induced intracellular vacuoles, a signature of paraptosis, and inhibits necrosis and apoptosis of hNPCs grown as neurospheres (NS). To test whether heparin preserved the differentiation of ZIKV-infected hNPCs into neuroglial cells, hNPCs were infected at the MOI of 0.001. In this experimental condition, heparin inhibited ZIKV replication by ca. 2 log<sub>10</sub>, mostly interfering with virion attachment, while maintaining its protective effect against ZIKV-induced cytopathicity. Heparin preserved differentiation into neuroglial cells of hNPCs that were obtained from either human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) or by fetal tissue. Quite surprisingly, multiple additions of heparin to hNPCs enabled prolonged virus replication while preventing virus-induced cytopathicity. Collectively, these results highlight the potential neuroprotective effect of heparin that could serve as a lead compound to develop novel agents for preventing the damage of ZIKV infection on the developing brain. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> ZIKV is a neurotropic virus that invades neural progenitor cells (NPCs), causing inhibition of their proliferation and maturation into neurons and glial cells. We have shown previously that heparin, an anticoagulant also used widely during pregnancy, prevents ZIKV-induced cell death with negligible inhibition of virus replication. Here, we demonstrate that heparin also exerts antiviral activity against ZIKV replication using a much lower infectious inoculum. Moreover, heparin interferes with different modalities of virus-induced cell death. Finally, heparin-induced prevention of virus-induced NPC death allows their differentiation into neuroglial cells despite the intracellular accumulation of virions. These results highlight the potential use of heparin, or pharmacological agents derived from it, in pregnant women to prevent the devastating effects of ZIKV infection on the developing brain of their fetuses.
Rupture of rubber. I. Characteristic energy for tearing (1953)

Abstract A criterion for tearing of test‐pieces cut from thin sheets of a natural rubber vulcanizate, similar in form to the Griffith criterion for spreading of a crack, is formulated. This criterion involves a characteristic energy for tearing which is independent of the shape of the test‐piece and of the disposition of the cut. It is shown how this characteristic energy can be found experimentally for a particular vulcanizate and used to predict the force required to tear test‐pieces of the vulcanizate.