gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response to PD-1 inhibition in early- and late-relapsing cutaneous melanoma. (2019)

e21038 Background: Up to 45% of stage I-II melanomas will relapse within 5 years, and some relapses occur more than 10 years after surgical resection. Little is known about the differences in tumor characteristics, including immunogenicity, of early- vs. late-relapsing melanoma, or the implication of these differences in response to PD-1 inhibition. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare time from definitive treatment of localized melanoma to relapse with response to pembrolizumab. Patients with prior stage I-II melanoma who relapsed, and then treated with pembrolizumab, were included in the study. Time to relapse was compared with overall response rate. Results: Among the study population, 66 patients initially presented with early stage disease that relapsed within the study period. The median time to relapse was 5 years (range 0.5-33 years, interquartile range 7.25, Q 1 = 2, Q 2 = 9.25). 9 patients (14%) relapsed within 2 years of surgery; these patients had a higher overall response rate to pembrolizumab than late-relapsing patients with marginal significance (88% vs 50%, p = 0.056). The difference became less significant when patients who relapsed before or after 5 years (70% vs 47%, respectively, p = 0.20), and before or after 10 years (64% vs 45%, p = .31). Conclusions: Patients with early-relapsing melanoma had higher ORR to pembrolizumab than patients with late-relapsing disease, with early relapse defined as earlier than 2 years from definitive surgical intervention. Late relapsing tumors may harbor mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition.
Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of osmotic controlled‐release methylphenidate HCl in healthy subjects (2000)

The effect of a high-fat meal on the pharmacokinetics of OROS® (methylphenidate HCl), an osmotic controlled-release formulation of methylphenidate HCl, was investigated in healthy subjects. Mean peak methylphenidate plasma concentrations occurred slightly later and peak methylphenidate plasma concentrations and AUC values were slightly higher (∼10–30%) in the presence of food than in the absence of food. There was no difference in the plasma elimination half-life of methylphenidate between the fed and fasted state. Similarly, peak concentrations and AUC values for α-phenyl-2-piperidine acetic acid (PPA; ritalinic acid), the major metabolite of methylphenidate, were slightly higher in the presence of food than in its absence. The 90% confidence interval (CI) for the treatment ratio (fed/fasted) for Cmax was 120.6%–140.0% for the 18-mg dose and 105.4–119.3% for a 36-mg dose. The 90% CI for the treatment ratio for AUC∞ was 114.6–125.7% for the 18-mg dose and 115.1–124.6% for the 36-mg dose. PPA levels were measured following the 18-mg dose and the 90% CI of the treatment ratio was 106.8–115.4% for Cmax and 97.9–103.6% for AUC∞. These results indicate the absence of dose dumping from OROS® (methylphenidate HCl) in the presence of food. Food does not impede drug absorption and OROS® (methylphenidate HCl) may be administered in the fed or fasted state. There were no differences in the adverse event profile between the fed and fasted state. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
224 Electrical Actuation of a Penile Prosthesis (2018)

Shape memory alloys (SMA) can revert to “memorized” shapes under appropriate conditions. We have been exploring the use of SMAs in the development of penile prosthesis using a lasercut Nitinol extruded tube that expands and becomes rigid when activated to simulate an erection. We hypothesized that electrical current can act as an alternative method to activate SMA prostheses. We used an external current DC generator and commercially available electrical wires attached at the ends of a bent SMA prosthesis, measuring 17 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter, and passed increasing amounts of electrical current through the prosthesis. The current was set at increasing values with 1 ampere intervals. Temperature was recorded at the centre with the use of thermocouples. Mechanical changes were measured in terms of decreased angulation towards “memorized” straight configuration. Perpendicular force to bend the prosthesis was measured with a Dillon handheld force meter. After bench tests, a SMA prosthesis was implanted in the corpora cavernosa of a cadaver with electrical leads connected to an external DC generator and activated.
The potential of satellite-observed crop phenology to enhance yield gap assessments in smallholder landscapes (2015)

Many of the undernourished people on the planet obtain their entitlements to food via agricultural-based livelihood strategies, often on underperforming croplands and smallholdings. In this context, expanding cropland extent is not a viable strategy for smallholders to meet their food needs. Therefore, attention must shift to increasing productivity on existing plots and ensuring yield gaps do not widen. Thus, supporting smallholder farmers to sustainably increase the productivity of their lands is one part of a complex solution to realising universal food security. However, the information (e.g. location and causes of cropland underperformance) required to support measures to close yield gaps in smallholder landscapes are often not available. This paper reviews the potential of crop phenology, observed from satellites carrying remote sensing sensors, to fill this information gap. It is suggested that on a theoretical level phenological approaches can reveal greater intra-cropland thematic detail, and increase the accuracy of crop extent maps and crop yield estimates. However, on a practical level the spatial mismatch between the resolution at which crop phenology can be estimated from satellite remote sensing data and the scale of yield variability in smallholder croplands inhibits its use in this context. Similarly, the spatial coverage of remote sensing-derived phenology offers potential for integration with ancillary spatial datasets to identify causes of yield gaps. To reflect the complexity of smallholder cropping systems requires ancillary datasets at fine spatial resolutions which, often, are not available. This further precludes the use of crop phenology in attempts to unpick the causes of yield gaps. Research agendas should focus on generating fine spatial resolution crop phenology, either via data fusion or through new sensors (e.g. Sentinel-2) in smallholder croplands. This has potential to transform the applied use of remote sensing in this context.
Probing fast heating in magnetic tunnel junction structures with exchange bias (2008)

Heat diffusion in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) having a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic free layer is investigated. The MTJ is heated by an electric current pulse of power PHP, flowing through the junction in current perpendicular to the plane (CPP) geometry, via Joule heat dissipation in the tunnel barrier. According to a proposed one-dimensional (1D) model of heat diffusion, when an electric voltage is applied to the MTJ, the free layer experiences a transient temperature regime, characterized by an exponential increase of its temperature TAF with a time constant τTR, followed by a steady temperature regime characterized by TAF=TRT+αPHP, where TRT is the room temperature and α is a constant. Magnetic transport measurements of exchange bias HEX acting on the free layer allow the determination of α and τTR. The experimental values of α and τTR are in agreement with those calculated using the 1D model and an estimation of the MTJ thermodynamic parameters based on the Dulong–Petit and Widemann–Franz laws.
Role of the Legionella pneumophila rtxA gene in amoebae (2002)

Legionella pneumophila infects humans, causing Legionnaires' disease, from aerosols generated by domestic and environmental water sources. In aquatic environments L. pneumophila is thought to replicate primarily in protozoa. A 'repeats in structural toxin' (RTX) gene, rtxA, from L. pneumophila was identified recently that plays a role in entry and replication in human macrophages and also has the ability to infect mice. However, the role of this gene in the interaction of L. pneumophila with environmental protozoa and its distribution in different Legionella species has not been examined. Southern analyses demonstrated that rtxA is present in all L. pneumophila isolates tested and correlates with species that have been shown to cause disease in humans. To evaluate the importance of rtxA in the interaction with protozoa a series of studies was carried out in an environmental host for L. pneumophila, Acanthamoeba castellanii. The L. pneumophila rtxA gene plays a role in both adherence and entry into A. castellanii similar to that observed in human monocytic cells. Furthermore, it was found that rtxA is involved in intracellular survival and trafficking. In addition to demonstrating involvement of rtxA in the interaction of L. pneumophila with host cells, these data support a role for this gene both during disease in humans and in environmental reservoirs.
A "Wringing" Endorsement for Myosin Phosphorylation in the Heart (2002)

On average, the human heart beats 100,000 times a day and it is in a person's best interest to have the heart move blood as efficiently as possible. For example, imagine a wet rag: squeezing the rag in your fist does not remove as much water as wringing the same rag between two hands. Thus, in hearts as in rags, torsional wringing, as opposed to squeezing, more thoroughly empties the heart of blood. Recent reports indicate that the activity and the distribution of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in the myocardium is key to this process. MLCK-dependent phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (R-LC), a subunit of the myosin molecule, may lead to increased force and power of contraction. It is the asymmetric distribution of MLCK in the myocardium that allows for torsional wringing rather than squeezing. Specifically targeting MLCK expression in the heart might, in the future, lead to promising therapies that counteract cardiomyopathy.
AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE VALORISATION BY APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

The oil seed industry is vast and worldwide growing agro industrial sector. Due to the rising world population, the consumption of refined vegetable oils has increased significantly, resulting in an increase in the production of seed by-products. The use of byproducts for valuable component production is a very good alternative for earning additional revenue and to solve related environmental disposal problems.  The scope of this research work is to present the state-of the-art for obtaining value added components (phytochemicals and nutraceuticals) from by-products of the vegetable oil industry emphasizing the expediency of membrane separation process. Aim of this study is to prepare valuable peptide components from agro industrial waste using ultrafiltration process. Use of ultrafiltration process in production of bioactive peptides in form of membrane bioreactors allows the continuous production of specific peptide sequences with functional and nutritional properties. Furthermore, recycling of the enzyme and elimination of residual proteins results in a much improved enzyme yield and process productivity level. Present research activities aims profitable utilization of agro-industrial waste employing the concept of membrane fractionation and membrane bioreactor emphasizing its potential in the field of food-biotechnology.
Feb Consultation # 2 (2006)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: February 2006 - Volume 32 - Issue 2 - p 192-193 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.12.117
Recent development in adsorption materials and heat exchangers for thermally driven heat pumps (2015)

Adsorption chillers and heat pumps are a promising technology for the supply of heating and cooling, especially in the small scale range. Therefore, adsorption materials with a high load capacity and heat exchangers with effective heat and mass transfer ratios are required. To compare the characteristics of adsorption-refrigerant working pairs from different manufacturers a common measurement method is required. This paper gives a literature survey about the state of the art in adsorption material developments and proposes a common measurement procedure for adsorbents. Moreover the latest activities in heat exchanger developments for adsorption heat exchangers and evaporators are represented.
Intrapulmonary Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1α (CCL3) Induces Neutrophil and NK Cell Accumulation and Stimulates Innate Immunity in Murine Bacterial Pneumonia (2003)

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha) (CCL3) is an important mediator of leukocyte recruitment and activation in a variety of inflammatory states, including infection. A recombinant human type 5 adenovirus containing the murine MIP-1alpha cDNA (AdMIP-1alpha) was constructed to determine the effect of transient intrapulmonary expression of MIP-1alpha on leukocyte recruitment, activation, and bacterial clearance in a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. The intratracheal administration of AdMIP-1alpha resulted in both time- and dose-dependent expression of MIP-1alpha mRNA and protein within the lung. Importantly, the intrapulmonary overexpression of MIP-1alpha resulted in a maximal 35- and 100-fold reduction in lung and blood bacterial burden, respectively, in animals cochallenged with K. pneumoniae, which was associated with a significant increase in neutrophil and activated NK cell accumulation. Furthermore, the transgenic expression of MIP-1alpha during bacterial pneumonia resulted in enhanced expression of gamma interferon mRNA, compared to that observed in Klebsiella-challenged animals pretreated with control vector. These findings indicate an important role for MIP-1alpha in the recruitment and activation of selected leukocyte populations in vivo and identify this cytokine as a potential immunoadjuvant to be employed in the setting of localized bacterial infection.
Correction to “Overcoming the Engineering Constraints for Scaling-Up the State-of-the-Art Catalyst for Tail-Gas N2O Decomposition” (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Overcoming the Engineering Constraints for Scaling-Up the State-of-the-Art Catalyst for Tail-Gas N2O Decomposition"Ignacio Melián-Cabrera*Ignacio Melián-CabreraMore by Ignacio Melián-Cabrerahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-1099, Silvia EspinosaSilvia EspinosaMore by Silvia Espinosa, Cristina MentruitCristina MentruitMore by Cristina Mentruit, Blaine MurrayBlaine MurrayMore by Blaine Murray, Lorena FalcoLorena FalcoMore by Lorena Falco, Joseph SocciJoseph SocciMore by Joseph Socci, Freek KapteijnFreek KapteijnMore by Freek Kapteijnhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-7953, and Jacob A. MoulijnJacob A. MoulijnMore by Jacob A. Moulijnhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-4033Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 17, 7417Publication Date (Web):April 22, 2019Publication History Published online22 April 2019Published inissue 1 May 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01910https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01910correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (226 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA Lesions Derived from the Site Selective Oxidation of Guanine by Carbonate Radical Anions (2003)

Carbonate radical anions are potentially important oxidants of nucleic acids in physiological environments. However, the mechanisms of action are poorly understood, and the end products of oxidation of DNA by carbonate radicals have not been characterized. These oxidation pathways were explored in this work, starting from the laser pulse-induced generation of the primary radical species to the identification of the stable oxidative modifications (lesions). The cascade of events was initiated by utilizing 308 nm XeCl excimer laser pulses to generate carbonate radical anions on submicrosecond time scales. This laser flash photolysis method involved the photodissociation of persulfate to sulfate radical anions and the one electron oxidation of bicarbonate anions by the sulfate radicals to yield the carbonate radical anions. The latter were monitored by their characteristic transient absorption band at 600 nm. The rate constants of reactions of carbonate radicals with oligonucleotides increase in the ascending order: 5'-d(CCATCCTACC) [(5.7 +/- 0.6) x 10(6) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)] < 5'-d(TATAACGTTATA), self-complementary duplex [(1.4 +/- 0.2) x 10(7) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)] < 5'-d(CCATCGCTACC [(2.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(7) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)] < 5'-d(CCATC[8-oxo-G]CTACC) [(3.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(8) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)], where 8-oxo-G is 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, the product of a two electron oxidation of guanine. This remarkable enhancement of the rate constants is correlated with the presence of either G or 8-oxo-G bases in the oligonucleotides. The rate constant for the oxidation of G in a single-stranded oligonuclotide is faster by a factor of approximately 2 than in the double-stranded form. The site selective oxidation of G and 8-oxo-G residues by carbonate radicals results in the formation of unique end products, the diastereomeric spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) lesions, the products of a four electron oxidation of guanine. These lesions, formed in high yields (40-60%), were isolated by reversed phase HPLC and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These assignments were supported by the characteristic circular dichroism spectra of opposite signs of the two lesions. The oxidation of guanine to Sp diastereomers occurs, at least in part, via the formation of 8-oxo-G lesions as intermediates. The Sp lesions can be considered as the terminal products of the oxidation of G and 8-oxo-G in DNA by carbonate radical anions. The mechanistic aspects and biological implications of these site selective reactions in DNA initiated by carbonate radicals are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reactions of Cyclic Isoimidium Salts. (2011)

Abstract The reaction of readily prepared isoimidium salts such as (I) with standard dienes proceeds with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity to yield the corresponding ester amides after work‐up with methanol.
Deployment models: Towards eliminating security concerns from cloud computing (2010)

Cloud computing has become a popular choice as an alternative to investing new IT systems. When making decisions on adopting cloud computing related solutions, security has always been a major concern. This article summarizes security concerns in cloud computing and proposes five service deployment models to ease these concerns. The proposed models provide different security related features to address different requirements and scenarios and can serve as reference models for deployment.
Physiopathologie de la listériose neuro-méningée : rôle du système des phagocytes mononucléés (2007)

Listeria monocytogenes est une bacterie intracellulaire facultative qui est capable de survivre au sein des phagocytes mononuclees et est responsable de meningo-encephalites. En utilisant un modele murin de listeriose, nous avons demontre que la moelle osseuse est un reservoir meconnu de cellules myelomonocytaires infectees de phenotype CD31pos-Ly-6Cpos-CD11bpos-Ly-6Glow qui peuvent favoriser le franchissement de la barriere hematoencephalique par L. Monocytogenes lors de leur relargage dans la circulation sanguine. Malgre le fait que les monocytes infectes ont pour phenotype celui des monocytes inflammatoires qui dependent du CCR2 pour emigrer de la moelle osseuse et etre recrutes dans les organes, les souris invalidees pour le gene codant pour le CCR2 developpent egalement une listeriose neuromeningee et il existe un recrutement de monocytes inflammatoires au niveau cerebral, suggerant que d'autres mecanismes gouvernent l'homeostasie des monocytes inflammatoires.
An Examination of Pre-crash Braking Influence on Occupant Crash Response Using an Active Human Body Model (2016)

Real‐world occupant protection includes the influence of active safety technologies, such as autobrake\nsystems. This study uses an active human body model (called SAFER A‐HBM) with the capability to\nsimulate emergency braking events prior to a crash event. It is based on a mid‐sized male THUMS human body\nmodel, with added active muscles to control spine and extremities for braking.\nThe objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the A‐HBM for industrial applications in the\ndevelopment of occupant protection technologies. Specifically, the influence on occupant responses in frontal\nimpacts with a preceding braking event is simulated, including variation in brake‐pulse duration and activation\nof an electrical reversible seatbelt retractor.\nAll the simulations followed through to the most important part of the crash phase, enabling a comparison\nof the occupant responses for the different simulation set‐ups. By adapting its characteristics depending on the\nsequence of the event, the A‐HBM is shown to be a feasible tool providing input to help guide the auto‐brake\nperformance design. Using it to replicate human performance during the whole sequence of pre‐crash to crash\nevent enables a real‐world, realistic comparison that provides unique possibilities to evaluate active and passive\nsafety technologies together and their interaction.
A conformal transceive array for 7 T neuroimaging (2011)

The first 16-channel transceive surface-coil array that conforms to the human head and operates at 298 MHz (7 T) is described. Individual coil elements were decoupled using circumferential shields around each element that extended orthogonally from the former. This decoupling method allowed elements to be constructed with arbitrary shape, size, and location to create a three-dimensional array. Radiofrequency shimming achieved a transmit-field uniformity of 20% over the whole brain and 14% over a single axial slice. During radiofrequency transmission, coil elements couple tightly to the head and reduce the amount of power necessary to achieve a mean 90° flip angle (660-μs and 480-μs pulse lengths were required for a 1-kW hard pulse when shimming over the whole brain and a single axial slice, respectively). During reception, the close proximity of coil elements to the head increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the periphery of the brain, most notably at the superior aspect of the head. The sensitivity profile of each element is localized beneath the respective shield. When combined with the achieved isolation between elements, this results in the capacity for low geometry factors during both transmit and receive: 1.04/1.06 (mean) and 1.25/1.54 (maximum) for 3-by-3 acceleration in the axial/sagittal plane. High cortical signal-to-noise ratio and parallel imaging performance make the conformal coil ideal for the study of high temporal and/or spatial cortical architecture and function.