gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of extracellular enzymes by Trichoderma reesei M-7 on mixtures of lactose and glucose at different temperatures (2002)

Continuous cultivation of Trichoderma reesei M-7 mutant was performed at different temperatures (26, 30 and 34°C) with 1% lactose or glucose alone or a total of 1% mixtures of both sugars at different ratio. The secretion of individual enzymes was affected by the ratio of cellulase inducer (lactose) to the repressor (glucose). The ratio of enzyme secretions was additionally modified by the temperature of cultivations. An insignificant increase of nonspecific activity of cellulases (FPU) and significant increase of aryl-β-glucosidase activity were observed at 26°C with lactose/glucose ratio of 3:1 and 1:1. However, when cultivated both at 30 or 32°C, the cellulolytic activities (FPU) increased significantly in the presence of 1% glucose alone. The activity of xylanases increased significantly (about 8-fold) with lactose/glucose ratio of 1:1 at 30°C. The increased synthesis of lytic enzymes (proteases, β-1,3-glucanases) correlated with increased glucose concentration in the feeding medium and this effect potentiated at 34°C of cultivation. Cette etude examine les facteurs affectant la composition des secretions d'un complexe enzymatique extracellulaire par un mutant Trichoderma reesei M-7. La secretion des enzymes individuelles est influencee par le taux de l'inducteur de la cellulase (lactose) sur le represseur (glucose). Le ratio des secretions enzymatiques est modifie en plus par la temperature des cultures.
The influence of gate edge shape on the degradation in hot-carrier stressing of n-channel transistors (1991)

The hot-carrier properties of planar and graded gate structures (upturning of the gate edge in the gate overlap region) of n-MOS transistors were examined. It was found that the type of degradation suffered by each type of device depends on the shape of the gate edge. This is interpreted in terms of the degree of gate control of the gate over the region in which the damage takes place in the different devices. The nongraded gate (NGG) devices degrade chiefly by a V/sub t/ shift, whereas the graded gate (GG) devices show a pronounced transconductance decay, with practically no V/sub t/ shift. It is suggested that the damage is situated in the gate overlap region, and that the different degradations result from a weaker field control of the gate over the degraded region leading to a series resistance type of effect in the case of the GG structure. This is supported by two-dimensional simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Campylobacter jejuni Infection, Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies, and Neuropathy (2022)

Preceding infection with <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (Cj) occurs in approximately 30% of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and the risk of GBS following Cj infection is increased by 77 to 100-fold. GBS is most often of the axonal subtype and is thought to be mediated by IgG antibodies to peripheral nerve gangliosides that are cross reactive with oligosaccharides in the Cj lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The antibodies are thought to be induced by molecular mimicry, where immune reactivity to a cross reactive epitope in the infectious organism and normal tissue can cause autoimmune disease. Clonally restricted IgM antibodies that react with the same oligosaccharides in gangliosides and Cj-LPS are associated with chronic neuropathies of otherwise similar phenotypes. The anti-ganglioside antibodies in GBS are of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, indicating T-cell reactivity to the same antigens that could help disrupt the blood-nerve barrier. Cj infection can activate multiple innate and adoptive pro-inflammatory pathways that can overcome immune tolerance and induce autoimmunity. Elucidation of the specific immune mechanisms involved in the development of the autoantibodies and neuropathy would help our understanding of the relation between infection and autoimmunity and aid in the development of more effective preventive interventions and therapies.
Sequences of B-Chain/Domain 1−10/1−9 of Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Determine Their Different Folding Behavior (2004)

Although insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) belong to one family, insulin folds into one thermodynamically stable structure, while IGF-1-folds into two thermodynamically stable structures (native and swap forms). We have demonstrated previously that the bifurcating folding behavior of IGF-1 is mainly controlled by its B-domain. To further elucidate which parts of the sequences determine their different folding behavior, by exchanging the N-terminal sequences of mini-IGF-1 and recombinant porcine insulin precursor (PIP), we prepared four peptide models: [1-9]PIP, [1-10]mini-IGF-1, [1-4]PIP, and [1-5]mini-IGF-1 by means of protein engineering, and their disulfide rearrangement, V8 digestion, circular dichroic spectra, disulfide stability, and in vitro refolding were investigated. Among them only [1-9]PIP, like mini-IGF-1/IGF-1, was expressed in yeast as two isomers: isomer 1 (corresponding to swap IGF-1) and isomer 2 (corresponding to native IGF-1), which are supported by the experimental results of disulfide rearrangements, peptide mapping of V8 endoprotenase digests, circular dichroic analysis, in vitro refolding, and disulfide stability analysis. The other peptide models, [1-10]mini-IGF-1, [1-4]PIP, and [1-5]mini-IGF-1, fold into one stable structure as PIP does, which indicates that sequence 1-4 of mini-IGF-1 is important for the folding behavior of mini-IGF-1/IGF-1 but not sufficient to lead to a bifurcating folding. The results demonstrated that the folding information, by which mini-IGF-1/IGF-1-folds into two thermodynamically structures, is encoded/written in its sequence 1-9, while sequences 1-10 of B chain in insulin/PIP play an important role in the guide of its unique disulfide pairing during the folding process.
Mammalian orthoreovirus core protein μ2 reorganizes host microtubule-organizing center components (2020)

Filamentous mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) viral factories (VFs) are membrane-less cytosolic inclusions in which virus transcription, replication of dsRNA genome segments, and packaging of virus progeny into newly synthesized virus cores take place. In infected cells, the MRV μ2 protein forms punctae in the enlarged region of the filamentous VFs that are co-localized with γ-tubulin and resistant to nocodazole treatment, and permitted microtubule (MT)-extension, features common to MT-organizing centers (MTOCs). Using a previously established reconstituted VF model, we addressed the functions of MT-components and MTOCs concerning their roles in the formation of filamentous VFs. Indeed, the MTOC markers γ-tubulin and centrin were redistributed within the VF-like structures (VFLS) in a μ2-dependent manner. Moreover, the MT-nucleation centers significantly increased in numbers, and γ-tubulin was pulled-down in a binding assay when co-expressed with histidine-tagged-μ2 and μNS. Thus, μ2, by interaction with γ-tubulin, can modulate MTOCs localization and function according to viral needs.
Cilostazol: Treatment of Intermittent Claudication (2001)

OBJECTIVE:To review the pharmacology and clinical utility of cilostazol, an antiplatelet and vasodilator agent approved for the management of intermittent claudication.DATA SOURCES:Primary literature on cilostazol was identified from a comprehensive MEDLINE literature search (1980–February 2000). Selected meeting abstracts and manufacturer literature were also used as source material. Indexing terms included cilostazol, intermittent claudication, platelet inhibitors, and restenosis.STUDY SELECTION:Human clinical, pharmacokinetic and randomized comparative trials performed in the US and Asia were reviewed. Selected in vitro, ex vivo, and animal studies were evaluated when human data were not available.DATA SYNTHESIS:Intermittent claudication, defined as reproducible discomfort of a muscle group induced by exercise and relieved by rest, is the most common clinical manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Cilostazol, a specific inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase in platelets and vascular smooth-muscle cells, is a potent antiplatelet agent and vasodilator that reduces vascular proliferation and has lipid-lowering effects in vivo. Recent multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have led to approval of cilostazol by the Food and Drug Administration for relief of intermittent claudication in patients with stable PAD. Cilostazol doubled walking distances and improved quality of life compared with placebo in these studies. One trial found that cilostazol was more effective than pentoxifylline, the only alternative pharmacologic therapy for claudication. Although frequent (∼50%) minor adverse effects, including headache, diarrhea, and palpitations, may occur in clinical practice, cilostazol has not been associated with major adverse events or increased mortality. Small, nonblind studies suggest that cilostazol may prove useful in preventing thrombosis and restenosis following percutaneous coronary interventions, although these remain unlabeled uses.CONCLUSIONS:The unique combination of antiplatelet, vasodilatory, and antiproliferative effects of cilostazol appear to make it an attractive agent for use in patients with PAD. Clinical trials demonstrating a significant improvement in walking distances with cilostazol therapy suggest that it will be an important tool in improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication.
STM-induced luminescence study of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) by conversion under ultraclean conditions (1997)

Curing-temperature-dependent spectroscopic studies of the conversion process of the sulfonium chloride prepolymer to the conjugated polymer poly$(p$-phenylenevinylene) reveal an enhancement of the luminescence efficiency when the films are converted under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. In these experiments, luminescence is excited by electron injection from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and the maximum luminescence efficiency is found between $225 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$C and $260 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$C. The optimum conversion temperature, the total luminescence yield, and the spectral features of the luminescence depend on the substrate material, heating gradient, and composition and purity of the prepolymer. The curing-temperature dependence of the Franck-Condon intensity distribution has a complex behavior. Maximum luminescence efficiency is characterized by a spectrum where the $v=0,1$ vibronic transition has maximum relative intensity. Images of scanning-tunneling-microscopy-excited luminescence show intensity fluctuations within surface domains as small as a few nanometers in diameter, regions that correlate with the topographic features of the poly($p$-phenylenevinylene) surface.
Murine Leukemia: A Virus-Induced Autoimmune Disease? (1973)

Thymocytes from mice carrying Moloney murine leukemia virus since birth are cytotoxic for normal syngeneic fibroblasts; they are much less cytotoxic for the same cells infected with this virus. The cytotoxic thymocytes appear to increase in number with age of the carrier mice and are present both during preleukemic and leukemic periods. These results suggest that lymphomas in carrier mice result from a sequence of events initiated by intrathymic destruction of normal cells by virus-infected cells, and culminating in the unrestricted proliferation of autoaggressive clones in the thymic cortex.
HDA6 is required for jasmonate response, senescence and flowering in Arabidopsis (2008)

Post-translational modifications of histones, including acetylation, play a key role in modulating dynamic changes in chromatin structure and gene activity. Histone acetylation is modulated through the action of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases. HDA6 is a RPD3-type histone deacetylase in Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis HDA6 mutant, axe1-5, and HDA6 RNA-interfering (HDA6-RNAi) plants displayed higher levels of acetylated H3 compared with wild-type, suggesting that HDA6 affects histone acetylation levels globally. The expression of the jasmonate responsive genes, PDF1.2, VSP2, JIN1, and ERF1, was down-regulated in axe1-5 and HDA6-RNAi plants. Furthermore, axe1-5 and HDA6-RNAi plants displayed increased leaf longevity compared with the wild type. The expression of the senescence-associated genes, SAG12 and SEN4, was down-regulated in the axe1-5 and HDA6-RNAi plants. In addition, axe1-5 and HDA6-RNAi plants displayed late-flowering. The expression of FLC was up-regulated and hyperacetylated in axe1-5 and HDA6-RNAi plants, suggesting that HDA6 is required to deacetylate FLC chromatin and thereby repress its expression. Our results suggest that HDA6 is involved in jasmonate response, senescence, and flowering in Arabidopsis.
Microcalorimetric Study on Micellization of Nonionic Surfactants with a Benzene Ring or Adamantane in Their Hydrophobic Chains (2005)

The micellization of a novel family of nonionic surfactants poly(oxyethylene) glycol alkyl ethers has been studied by microcalorimetry. One of the surfactants has adamantane, and the other nonionic surfactants have a benzene ring in their hydrophobic chains, which moves from the terminal of the hydrophobic chain toward the headgroup. Moreover, the alkyl chain of the nonionic surfactants is straight or branched. Both the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the thermodynamic parameters associated with the micelle formation have been obtained. The cmc decreases and the enthalpy of micelle formation (deltaH(mic)) becomes less positive gradually as the length of hydrophobic chain increases, whereas the values of cmc and deltaH(mic) tend to increase for the surfactants with a longer ethylene oxide chain. However, the deltaH(mic) value of the surfactant with seven carbon atoms in a hydrophobic chain is more positive than that of the surfactant with six carbon atoms in a hydrophobic chain. Comparing with the nonionic surfactant with a methylene hydrophobic chain, the surfactants with benzene rings and adamantane groups have larger cmc values and the cmc values increase with the size of the groups. Furthermore, moving the phenyl group from the terminal of the hydrophobic chain to the neighbor of the hydrophilic headgroup leads to the decreased cmc. Both the variation of hydrophobic interaction from the movement of phenyl group and pi-pi interaction among adjacent phenyl groups affect deltaH(mic) values.
Radiolysis of Diethyl Ether. I. Liquid Phase1 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadiolysis of Diethyl Ether. I. Liquid Phase1Mark K. M. Ng and Gordon R. FreemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 8, 1635–1639Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01086a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01086a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed Marketplaces Using P2P Networks and Public-Key Cryptography (2008)

In the last years the Internet has deeply changed the busi- ness world and introduced many new opportunities. Every day billions of dollars are spent in on-line services and elec- tronic transactions among users all over the world. Travel agencies, on-line shops and on-line banking are probably
Efficacy of Monitoring the Sensory Taste Characteristics in Pomegranate Juice with Electronic Tongue and Chemical Measurements (2014)

Abstract Taste is imperative in pomegranate juice and is influenced by many production and processing factors. Measuring sweetness, sourness, bitterness, astringency and toothetch without a sensory panel makes economic sense. This investigation compares descriptive sensory evaluation ( DSE ) with physical methods. B rix degree ( B rix), titratable acidity ( TA ), pH , methyl cellulose precipitable tannin assay ( MCPTA ) and electronic tongue (e‐tongue) techniques were measured in six commercial juices. The MCPTA correlated with astringent ( r = 0.57, Pr = 0.01) and bitter ( r = 0.58, Pr = 0.01), while pH negatively correlated with sour ( r = −0.53, Pr = 0.02). DSE and physical measurements sufficiently differentiated brands. DSE could differentiate between five of the six brands. TA , Brix, pH and MCPTA tests differentiated between all six juice brands. The e‐tongue resulted in large differences within four of the brand as well as between brands. Evaluation of these methods by diluting one juice brand facilitated distinguishing how the methods work on the same compounds at declining concentrations. Practical Applications This study compares pomegranate juice chemical measures ( B rix, pH , TA , MCPTA ) with actual sensory taste and mouth feeling characteristics as well as introduces the e‐tongue as an application to monitor quality in processed pomegranate juice. The MCPTA assay reasonably correlated with astringency and can be utilized for estimating pomegranate juice astringency in place of sensory evaluation. The information reported is useful for testing juices in research settings and in monitoring juice production for quality assurance purposes.
The CO/Pt(111) Puzzle (2000)

Notwithstanding half a dozen theoretical publications, well-converged density-functional calculations, whether based on a local or generalized-gradient exchange-correlation potential, whether all-electron or employing pseudopotentials underestimate CO's preference for low-coordination binding sites on Pt(111) and vicinals to it. For example, they imply that CO should prefer hollow- to atop-site adsorption on Pt(111), in apparent contradiction to a host of low temperature experimental studies.
Chiral discrimination of 2-arylalkanoic acids by (1S,2R)-1-aminoindan-2-ol through the formation of a consistent columnar supramolecular hydrogen-bond network † (2000)

Enantiopure cis-1-aminoindan-2-ol was selected as a basic resolving agent for racemic 2-arylalkanoic acids on the basis that its rigid cis-conformation would favor the formation of a supramolecular hydrogen-bonded column, in which chiral discrimination of the racemic carboxylate would occur. It was found that this amino alcohol possesses high resolving efficiency for a variety of racemic acids; also, X-ray crystallographic analyses of the diastereomeric salts showed that a columnar hydrogen-bond network is formed in both the less- and more-soluble diastereomeric salts, as we had expected. A detailed study on the stabilising interactions suggested that there are two that play an important role: (i) hydrogen bonding between the ammonium and hydroxy groups and the acid carboxylate, which determines the formation of the columnar network and (ii) CH⋯π, which influences the herringbone packing of the aromatic groups, implying that it also plays some role in chiral discrimination.
Optimal Muffler Design Considering the Insertion Loss Calculated Outside the Duct (2016)

머플러의 확장방 내부에 격벽을 최적으로 배치하기 위한 음향 위상 최적화 문제를 정식화 한다. 목표 주파수에서 삽입 손실의 하한 값을 제한하며, 격벽의 부피를 목적 함수로 선정하여 최소화한다. 기존 연구에서는 투과 손실이나 덕트 내부에서 계산된 삽입 손실을 머플러의 소음 저감 특성으로 사용하였으나, 본 연구에서는 덕트 외부에서 계산된 삽입 손실을 사용한다. 음향 해석을 위해 유한 요소 모델이 사용되고, 각 유한 요소에 입사된 음파의 투과 정도는 “0”과 “1” 사이에서 연속적으로 변화하는 설계 변수의 함수에 의해 결정된다. 입사파를 모두 반사시키는 강체들이 격벽을 형성한다. 목적 주파수와 허용하는 삽입손실 값에 따른 최적 위상을 비교한다.
Leptin Receptor Gene Variant rs11804091 Is Associated with BMI and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Female Obese Children: A Case-Control Study (2017)

Leptin is an endocrine hormone that has a critical role in body weight homoeostasis and mediates its effects via the leptin receptor (LEPR). Common polymorphisms in the genes coding leptin receptors have been associated with metabolic abnormalities. We assessed the association of 28 <i>LEPR</i> polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI) and their relationship with obesity-related phenotypes, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers. A multicentre case-control study was conducted in 522 children (286 with obesity and 236 with normal-BMI). All anthropometric, metabolic factors and biomarkers were higher in children with obesity except apolipoprotein (Apo)-AI, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and adiponectin, which were lower in the obesity group; and glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 that did not differ between groups. We identified the associations between rs11208659, rs11804091, rs10157275, rs9436303 and rs1627238, and BMI in the whole population, as well as the association of rs11804091, rs10157275, and rs1327118 with BMI in the female group, although only the rs11804091 remained associated after Bonferroni correction (<i>p</i> = 0.038). This single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was also associated with insulin (<i>p</i> = 0.004), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (<i>p</i> = 0.006), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and adiponectin (<i>p</i> = 0.046) after adjusting for age, Tanner stage and BMI. Our results show a sex-specific association between the rs11804091 and obesity suggesting an influence of this SNP on insulin resistance.
Analysis of the eddy-current induced artifacts and the temporal compensation in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (1991)

Reduction of eddy currents by a temporal compensation of the input current waveform to the gradient coil is studied with an analytic solution. The technique is the inverse filtering of the eddy-current affected field response, which is calculated from the diffusion equation. The limitation of the temporal compensation due to the spatially variant eddy currents is also investigated for whole-body diagnostic imaging systems and small-bore nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy systems. Within a limited imaging volume of less than 60% of the gradient coil diameter, most of eddy-current problems can be solved by the technique.