gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How we treat chronic graft-versus-host disease (2014)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a common and potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). The 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD requiring systemic treatment is ~30% to 40% by National Institutes of Health criteria. The risk of chronic GVHD is higher and the duration of treatment is longer after HCT with mobilized blood cells than with marrow cells. Clinical manifestations can impair activities of daily living and often linger for years. Hematology and oncology specialists who refer patients to centers for HCT are often subsequently involved in the management of chronic GVHD when patients return to their care after HCT. Treatment of these patients can be optimized under shared care arrangements that enable referring physicians to manage long-term administration of immunosuppressive medications and supportive care with guidance from transplant center experts. Keys to successful collaborative management include early recognition in making the diagnosis of chronic GVHD, comprehensive evaluation at the onset and periodically during the course of the disease, prompt institution of systemic and topical treatment, appropriate monitoring of the response, calibration of treatment intensity over time in order to avoid overtreatment or undertreatment, and the use of supportive care to prevent complications and disability.
Short Conserved Sequences of HIV-1 Are Highly Immunogenic and Shift Immunodominance (2014)

HIV-1 sequence diversity is a major barrier limiting the capability of cellular immunity to contain infection and the ability of vaccines to match circulating viral sequences. To date, vaccines tested in humans have delivered whole proteins or genes for whole proteins, and it is unclear whether including only conserved sequences would yield sufficient cellular immunogenicity. We tested a vaccine delivering genes for four small conserved HIV-1 regions compared to a control vaccine with genes for whole Gag, Env, and Nef. Although the conserved regions ranged from 43 to 86 amino acids and comprised less than one-fifth of the whole Gag/Env/Nef sequence, the vaccines elicited equivalent total magnitudes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. These data demonstrate the immunogenicity of these small conserved regions and the potential for a vaccine to steer immunodominance toward conserved epitopes.
CHIR-258 Is Efficacious in A Newly Developed Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3–Expressing Orthotopic Multiple Myeloma Model in Mice (2006)

Our data provide a relevant preclinical basis for clinical trials of CHIR-258 in FGFR3-positive MM patients.
Evaluation of porcine diamine oxidase for the conversion of histamine in food‐relevant amounts (2020)

Histamine exists in a multitude of foods and displays an emerging role within food intolerances. Our aim was to identify the activity of porcine diamine oxidase (DAO) required for the in vitro degradation of histamine amounts that are found in typical meals containing histamine (75 mg, equaled 150 mg/L). Furthermore, we investigated an actual dietary supplement that is commercially available for histamine intolerant individuals for its histamine reduction capability. Kinetic investigations of porcine DAO showed a substrate inhibition by histamine concentrations greater than 56 mg/L (0.5 mM). The stability of free porcine DAO was tested in a fed state simulated intestinal fluid and exhibited a half-life period of around 19 min. A total of 50 nanokatal (nkat) free porcine DAO, which equaled the amount of enzyme isolated from around 100 g pig kidney, were necessary for the in vitro reduction of around 90% of the histamine. The dietary supplement that contains a pig kidney extract did not show DAO activity. Instead, the used histamine (0.75 mg) was apparently reduced due to the adsorption of histamine onto a capsule component by 18.9 ± 2.3% within 5 hr. Although the capsule preparation retained its overall structure and shape for at least 90 min in simulated gastric fluid, the apparent histamine reduction was significantly reduced to 12.1 ± 2.3% (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, an alternative to the pig kidney DAO or an improved capsule preparation is needed to ensure an adequate supplementation for histamine-intolerant humans. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Histamine intolerance is an emerging issue in our society and the intolerance-related physiological symptoms are currently not reliably treatable due to a lack of scientific investigation. A commercially available dietary supplement for histamine intolerance does not fulfil the requirements for a satisfactory histamine reduction in intolerant humans. The activity of the histamine degrading enzyme diamine oxidase, required for a satisfactory histamine degradation, is by far higher than the theoretical amount apparently given in the dietary supplement. With this knowledge, it is obvious that improved food supplements must be developed to help histamine intolerant humans.
Efficacy and safety of indacaterol 150 μg once-daily in COPD: a double-blind, randomised, 12-week study (2010)

NCT00624286.
Decafluorobutane as a Phase-Change Contrast Agent for Low-Energy Extravascular Ultrasonic Imaging (2020)

Currently available microbubbles used for ultrasound imaging and therapeutics are limited to intravascular space due to their size distribution in the micron range. Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) have been proposed as a means to overcome this limitation, since droplets formed in the hundred nanometer size range might be able to extravasate through leaky microvasculature, after which they could be activated to form larger highly echogenic microbubbles. Existing PCCAs in the sub-micron size range require substantial acoustic energy to be vaporized, increasing the likelihood of unwanted bioeffects. Thus, there exists a need for PCCAs with reduced acoustic activation energies for use in imaging studies. In this article, it is shown that decafluorobutane, which is normally a gas at room temperature, can be incorporated into metastable liquid sub-micron droplets with appropriate encapsulation methods. The resulting droplets are activatable with substantially less energy than other favored PCCA compounds. Decafluorobutane nanodroplets may present a new means to safely extend ultrasound imaging beyond the vascular space. (E-mail: ude.cnu.emb@notyadap)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in fecal samples: rapid detection by surface plasmon resonance (2005)

Determination of HGF by SPR might be beneficial in diagnosis of acute situations that present with symptoms of gastroenteritis and may, possibly, guide appropriate medical treatments. This is to our knowledge the first report on the use of SPR for detection of HGF in faeces samples.
IS1-mediated DNA Rearrangements (1981)

When IS1 is present in a particular DNA sequence, numerous DNA rearrangements occur in its vicinity at frequencies several orders of magnitude higher than when IS1 is absent (Reif and Saedler 1975, 1977; Cornelis and Saedler 1980). This paper reports on investigations of IS1-induced deletions, transpositions of a given IS1 to nearby sites in both orientations, and IS1-mediated inversions. In addition, an analysis of the regions within IS1 and in the target sites involved in these rearrangements is presented that leads to a model for the mechanism of IS1 integration.
Nonminimum Phase Identification Based on Higher Order Spectrum Slices (2008)

A new family of methods, named phase estimation using polyspectrum slices (PEP), for the reconstruction of the Fourier phase of a complex linear time invariant (LTI) system excited by a white non-Gaussian input is proposed. More precisely, we propose two subfamilies of methods, the q-PEP (q ges 3) and (q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ,q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> )-PEP (q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> > q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ges 3) algorithms. The q-PEP methods exploit the best two-dimensional (2-D) slice of the data qth-order spectrum. The originality of the (q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ,q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> )-PEP methods consists of exploiting simultaneously one 1-D slice of the q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> th-order spectrum and one 2-D slice of the q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> th-order spectrum. These new algorithms are easy both to implement and to use. Moreover, the asymptotic unbiasedness and consistency of these methods are demonstrated. Eventually, computer simulations show that the PEP algorithms exhibit in general better performances than classical methods especially for band-limited systems.
Reduced Platelet Adhesion on the Surface of Polyurethane Bearing Structure of Sulfobetaine (2003)

Poly(etherurethane)s are widely used as blood-contacting biomaterials due to their good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, their blood compatibility is still not adequate for the more demanding applications. Surface modification is an effective way to improve the blood compatibility and retain the bulk properties of biomaterials. The purpose of present study was to design and synthesize a novel nonthrombogenic biomaterial by modifying the surface of poly(etherurethane) with zwitterionic monomer. Films of polyurethane were grafted with sulfobetaine by a three-step procedure. In the first step, the film surfaces were treated with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in toluene at 50 degrees C in the presence of di-n-butyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. The extent of the reaction was measured by ATR-IR spectra; a maximum number of free NCO group was obtained after a reaction time of 90 min. In the second step, the hydroxyl group of 4-dimethylamino-1-butanol (DMAB) was allowed to react in toluene with isocyanate groups bound on the surface. In the third step, sulfobetaine was formed on the surface through the ring-opening reaction between tertiary amine of DMAB and 1,3- propane-sultone (PS). It was characterized by ATR-IR, XPS. The data showed that the grafted surfaces were composed of sulfobetaine. The results of the contact angle measurements showed that they were strongly hydrophilic. The state of platelet adhesion and shape variation for the attached platelets was described. The modified surface shows excellent blood compatibility feature by the low platelet adhesion.
Overcoming the Internet impasse through virtualization (2005)

The Internet architecture has proven its worth by the vast array of applications it now supports and the wide variety of network technologies over which it currently runs. Most current Internet research involves either empirical measurement studies or incremental modifications that can be deployed without major architectural changes. Easy access to virtual testbeds could foster a renaissance in applied architectural research that extends beyond these incrementally deployable designs.
Survival in young patients with intermediate‐/high‐risk myelofibrosis: Estimates derived from databases for non transplant patients (2008)

Recent studies have suggested that allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) might be a better treatment option, compared to drug therapy, for young patients with high-/intermediate-risk primary myelofibrosis (PMF). However, there are no controlled studies that validate this contention and allo-SCT is associated with a substantial risk of procedure-related mortality and morbidity. In a retrospective analysis of nontransplant PMF patients, who were both young (age <60 years) and with high-/intermediate-risk disease, 1- and 3-year survival estimates were 87% and 55%, 95% and 77%, 71% and 58%, respectively, involving patients seen at three different centers with expertise in PMF; these data did not appear to be inferior to those published in the context of either myeloablative or reduced-intensity conditioning allo-SCT. These observations underscore the need for controlled studies to accurately assess the value of allo-SCT in PMF.
Molecular Basis of Mesophase Ordering in a Thiophene-Based Copolymer (2008)

The carrier mobility of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) semiconductors can be substantially enhanced after heating through a thermotropic mesophase transition, which causes a significant improvement in thin film structural order. By directly measuring film structure throughout a heating and cooling cycle, we identify the molecular origin of this mesophase transition as the melting of interdigitated linear alkane side chains, in this case quaterdecyl. The morphology and phase behavior throughout the thermal cycle are controlled by the changing conformation of the side chains. Surprisingly, the melting of the side chains allows increases in the backbone order, π−π stacking, and carrier mobility. Upon cooling, the side chains recrystallize to preserve the excellent mesophase order and enhanced electrical performance.
Angular Parameter for Characterizing Road Surface Microtexture (2000)

Development of a device for measuring road surface microtexture and the determination of a microtexture parameter related to wet road/tire friction are discussed. A laser autofocus system was selected from existing devices. The required characteristics were defined from consideration of the contact between wet roads and tires. The autofocus principle is presented briefly, and comparison is made with a tactile system. The microtexture parameter, called the theta parameter, is defined from the useful parts of the texture profiles, that is, those in contact with the tire. It characterizes relative positions of profile peaks. A simple method was proposed to define the peaks. The profile analysis program is presented briefly. Relevance of the theta parameter was validated on surfaces composed of coarse aggregates with planar exposed faces. The specimens were polished using a projection method to emphasize the microtexture contrast between surfaces. Friction was measured using a skid resistance tester (SRT) pendulum. Profiles were measured using both laser and tactile systems. Characteristics of profiles are given. The statistical distribution of theta values obtained on a profile may be described by an exponential function. Close agreement was found between theta values obtained from laser and tactile profiles, values from laser profiles being somewhat lower. The difference is attributed to profile length. Fair correlation was found ( r 2 &gt; 0.80) between theta values and SRT friction, and similar tendencies were observed from laser and tactile data.
A Hybrid-Potential Free-Energy Study of the Isomerization Step of the Acetohydroxy Acid Isomeroreductase Reaction (2000)

The enzyme acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase is a promising target for the design of herbicides because it is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants but is absent in animals. In this paper, we examine with theoretical simulation techniques one hypothesis for the mechanism of the purported rate-limiting step in the reaction catalyzed by the enzymenamely, the isomerization of the deprotonated substrate which involves the migration of a methyl or ethyl group from one carbon to its neighbor. To determine the free-energy profiles for the reaction we used a hybrid semiempirical quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential in conjunction with potential of mean force calculations. To obtain accurate results we found it necessary to correct the semiempirical QM method with a term derived from calculations performed with more precise ab initio quantum chemical methods. For the mechanism we studied, our simulations predict that the isomerization occurs simultaneously with a proton transfer to the substrate from a protonated glutamate residue of the protein.
Docosahexaenoic acid: A positive modulator of Akt signaling in neuronal survival (2005)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI (3)K]/Akt signaling is a critical pathway in cell survival. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism where membrane alteration by the n-3 fatty acid status affects Akt signaling, impacting neuronal survival. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid highly enriched in neuronal membranes, promotes neuronal survival by facilitating membrane translocation/activation of Akt through its capacity to increase phosphatidylserine (PS), the major acidic phospholipid in cell membranes. The activation of PI (3)K and phosphatidylsinositol triphosphate formation were not affected by DHA, indicating that membrane interaction of Akt is the event responsible for the DHA effect. Docosapentaenoic acid, which replaces DHA during n-3 fatty acid deficiency, was less effective in accumulating PS and translocating Akt and thus less effective in preventing apoptosis. Consistently, in vivo reduction of DHA by dietary depletion of n-3 fatty acids decreased hippocampal PS and increased neuronal susceptibility to apoptosis in cultures. This mechanism may contribute to neurological deficits associated with n-3 fatty acid deficiency and support protective effects of DHA in pathological models such as brain ischemia or Alzheimer's disease.
Isolation and characterization of a new chalcone from the leaves of Heteropyxis natalensis (2009)

Chromatographic analysis of the defatted dichloromethane extract of the leaves ofHeteropyxis natalensis afforded the isolation of (E)-1-(2’,4’-dihydroxy, 5’-methoxy, 3’-methylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (R1 = Me; R2 = OH; R3 = OMe; R4 = H) a  chalcone. The structure of this compound was established by its spectroscopic data-1D, 2D-NMR, EIMS and HR-EIMS.

	Key words: Chalcones, Heteropyxis natalensis, heteropyxidaceae, flavone
The future role of gut hormones in the treatment of obesity (2013)

The obesity pandemic presents a significant burden, both in terms of healthcare and economic outcomes, and current medical therapies are inadequate to deal with this challenge. Bariatric surgery is currently the only therapy available for obesity which results in long-term, sustained weight loss. The favourable effects of this surgery are thought, at least in part, to be mediated via the changes of gut hormones such as GLP-1, PYY, PP and oxyntomodulin seen following the procedure. These hormones have subsequently become attractive novel targets for the development of obesity therapies. Here, we review the development of these gut peptides as current and emerging therapies in the treatment of obesity.
Tracking with omni-directional vision for outdoor AR systems (2002)

Most pose (3D position and 3D orientation) tracking methods using vision require a priori knowledge about the environment and correspondences between 3D environment features and 2D images. This environmental information is difficult to acquire accurately for large working volumes or may not be available at all, especially for outdoor environments. As a result, most pose tracking methods using vision are designed for small indoor working spaces. We track the pose of a moving camera from 2D images of the world. The pose of a camera is tracked through two 5 degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion estimations, which requires only 2D-to-2D correspondences. Therefore, the presented method can be applied to varied working space sizes including outdoor environments.
Many-body effects in porphyrin-like transition metal complexes embedded in graphene (2019)

We introduce a new computational method to study porphyrin-like transition metal complexes, bridging density functional theory and exact many-body techniques, such as the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). We first derive a multi-orbital Anderson impurity Hamiltonian starting from first principles considerations that qualitatively reproduce GGA+U results when ignoring inter-orbital Coulomb repulsion $U'$ and Hund exchange $J$. An exact canonical transformation is used to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and make it amenable to DMRG calculations, including all many-body terms (both intra, and inter-orbital), which are treated in a numerically exact way. We apply this technique to FeN$_4$ centers in graphene and show that the inclusion of these terms has dramatic effects: as the iron orbitals become single occupied due to the Coulomb repulsion, the inter-orbital interaction further reduces the occupation yielding a non-monotonic behavior of the magnetic moment as a function of the interactions, with maximum polarization only in a small window at intermediate values of the parameters. Furthermore, $U'$ changes the relative position of the peaks in the density of states, particularly on the iron $d_{z^2}$ orbital, which is expected to greatly affect the binding of ligands.
Turbo equalization for single-carrier underwater acoustic communications (2015)

Recent research in underwater acoustic communications has taken advantage of MIMO technologies to achieve reliable communication with 10-100 times increase of data rate in comparison to traditional systems. The powerful turbo equalization and FEC coding techniques enable both single-carrier modulation and OFDM systems to combat triply selective UWA channels. This article reviews the time-domain and frequency-domain turbo equalizer schemes for MIMO SCM systems. Low-complexity techniques are presented with both turbo linear equalizers and turbo soft decision feedback equalizers in both the time and frequency domains. Although results are shown specifically for UWA channels, these turbo equalizer techniques are also suitable for terrestrial RF communication systems.
Thermal and Plasma-Enhanced ALD of Ta and Ti Oxide Thin Films from Alkylamide Precursors (2006)

We investigated the thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition PE-ALD of tantalum and titanium oxides from representative alkylamide precursors, TaNMe 2 5 pentakisdimethylaminoTa, PDMAT and TiNMe 2 4 tetrakisdimethylami-doTi, TDMAT. ALD of Ta 2 O 5 by PDMAT with water or oxygen plasma produced pure Ta 2 O 5 films with good self-saturation growth characteristics. However, incomplete self-saturation was observed for TiO 2 ALD from TDMAT. The film properties including microstructure, chemical composition, and electrical properties are discussed focusing on the comparative studies between thermal and PE-ALD processes for both oxides. The results indicate that the PDMAT is a promising precursor for both thermal and PE-ALD of Ta 2 O 5 .
Sensitivity of charge transport measurements to local inhomogeneities (2012)

We derive analytic expressions for the sensitivity of resistive and Hall measurements to local variations in a specimen's material properties in the combined linear limit of both small magnetic fields and small perturbations, presenting exact, algebraic expressions both for four-point probe measurements on an in¯nite plane and for symmetric, circular van der Pauw discs. We then generalize the results to obtain corrections to the sensitivities both for finite magnetic fields and for finite perturbations. Calculated functions match published results and computer simulations, and provide an intuitive, visual explanation for experimental misassignment of carrier type in n-type ZnO and agree with published experimental results for holes in a uniform material. These results simplify calculation and plotting of the sensitivities on an N x N grid from a problem of order N5 to one of order N3 in the arbitrary case and of order N2 in the handful of cases that can be solved exactly, putting a powerful tool for inhomogeneity analysis in the hands of the researcher:calculation of the sensitivities requires little more than the solution of Laplace's equation on the specimen geometry.