gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of heterozygosity in serial plasma DNA samples during follow‐up of women with breast cancer (2003)

Abstract We evaluated the potential utility of occult circulating tumor DNA as a molecular marker of disease in subjects previously diagnosed with breast cancer. Using 24 microsatellite markers located at sites of frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or allele imbalance in breast cancer, we analyzed DNA from 16 primary tumors (Stage IIA or more advanced) and 30 longitudinally collected plasma specimens. Clinical data at the time of plasma collection were obtained. All 16 tumors were characterized by an individual pattern of LOH. LOH was detected in 12 of 30 (40%) plasma samples, taken from 8 of 14 (57%) subjects. However, the number of LOH in plasma was small ( n = 15), and the mean proportion of LOH was much lower than in the tumors (0.05 vs. 0.52). Although infrequent, 12 of 15 (80%) plasma LOH were concordant with abnormalities in the paired tumors, and the mean percent LOH was higher than in normal plasmas, suggesting that they were authentic tumor‐derived abnormalities. We found, despite this, no association, between plasma LOH and tumor stage or clinical status at time of blood collection (i.e., LOH was as common in subjects with no evident disease as in those with evident disease). In addition, detection of LOH was not consistent between serial samples from 5 of 11 subjects (45%), despite stable clinical conditions. No association with clinical outcome was evident, although the sample size was small. Microsatellite instability in plasma was infrequent, nonconcordant with paired tumor and inconsistent in serial samples. This pilot study suggests that identifying tumor‐specific LOH in the plasma of breast cancer subjects may not be useful for detecting occult metastases or for monitoring disease. Other detection techniques may be more promising, but circulating tumor DNA may not be a sufficiently accurate reflection of breast cancer clinical status or tumor activity. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Distribution of Low‐Density Lipoprotein‐Receptor‐Related Protein (LRP) and Megalin in Polarized Epithelial Cells is Determined by Their Cytoplasmic Domains (2003)

Megalin and the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor‐related protein (LRP) are two large members of the LDL receptor family that bind and endocytose multiple ligands. The molecular and cellular determinants that dictate the sorting behavior of these receptors in polarized epithelial cells are largely unknown. Megalin is found apically distributed, whereas the limited information on LRP indicates its polarity. We show here that in Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells, both endogenous LRP and a minireceptor containing the fourth ligand‐binding, transmembrane and LRP cytosolic domains were basolaterally sorted. In contrast, minireceptors that either lacked the cytoplasmic domain or had the tyrosine in the NPTY motif mutated to alanine showed a preferential apical distribution. In LLC‐PK1 cells, endogenous megalin was found exclusively in the apical membrane. Studies were also done using chimeric proteins harboring the cytosolic tail of megalin, one with the fourth ligand‐binding domain of LRP and the other two containing the green fluorescent protein as the ectodomain and transmembrane domains of either megalin or LRP. Findings from these experiments showed that the cytosolic domain of megalin is sufficient for apical sorting, and that the megalin transmembrane domain promotes association with lipid rafts. In conclusion, we show that LRP and megalin both contain sorting information in their cytosolic domains that directs opposite polarity, basolateral for LRP and apical for megalin. Additionally, we show that the NPTY motif in LRP is important for basolateral sorting and the megalin transmembrane domain directs association with lipid rafts .
Field Emission from Zinc Oxide Nanobelts (2014)

We report here, the in-situ field emission (FE) property measurement on the individual ZnO nanobelts inside a high resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a special scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-TEM system. The field emission properties were found to be size scale dependent. It was found that the threshold voltage decreases and the field enhancement factor increases with the decrease in the diameter of the tip of the nanobelt and increase in the sharpness of the tip. The field emission parameter was estimated following the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) theory. The ZnO nanobelt with the sharp agave like tip structure (d = 10 nm) showed the highest value of the field enhancement factor, β ≈ 4562, and a high field emission current of ~ 502 µA.
On multiple access channels with feedback (Corresp.) (1984)

For the binary erasure multiple access channel, van der Meulen showed in his survey paper that the symmetrical rate pair <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(0.79113,0.79113)</tex> is achievable in the ease of feedback. Here we prove that this rate point is on the boundary of the feedback capacity region. Subsequently we apply this result to demonstrate the fact that the feedback capacity region of the product of two multiple access channels can be strictly larger than the (Minkowski)sum Of the feedback capacity regions for the separate channels.
Multivariate visual explanation for high dimensional datasets (2008)

Understanding multivariate relationships is an important task in multivariate data analysis. Unfortunately, existing multivariate visualization systems lose effectiveness when analyzing relationships among variables that span more than a few dimensions. We present a novel multivariate visual explanation approach that helps users interactively discover multivariate relationships among a large number of dimensions by integrating automatic numerical differentiation techniques and multidimensional visualization techniques. The result is an efficient workflow for multivariate analysis model construction, interactive dimension reduction, and multivariate knowledge discovery leveraging both automatic multivariate analysis and interactive multivariate data visual exploration. Case studies and a formal user study with a real dataset illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Large-scale preparation of α-D-(14)-oligogalacturonic acids from pectic acid (2002)

An efficient and inexpensive method for large-scale preparation of α-D-(1[Formula: see text]4)-oligogalacturonic acids (oligo-GalA), up to DP 5, from pectic acid is described. Pectic acid was digested with a commercially available pectinase to yield a mixture of oligo-GalA, which was effectively separated by a combination of low-pressure  size-exclusion chromatography based on ion-exchange chromatography to obtain pure oligo-GalA of DP 2-5. Key words: pectic acid, galacturonic acid, galabiose, galatriose, pectinase.
Ligand‐Based Vascular Targeting of Disease (2006)

This review illustrates the basic principles of ligand-based vascular targeting and presents some of the most advanced results obtained in this field, not only in terms of biopharmaceuticals, which are currently being investigated in clinical and preclinical studies, but also in terms of enabling technologies that facilitate target and ligand discovery. Whereas most of the vascular targeting research activities have so far concentrated on tumoral angiogenesis, the development of non-oncological applications has recently gained momentum and is likely to become an important area of modern pharmaceutical research.
Temporary stent as a bail-out device during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: preliminary clinical experience. (1994)

The temporary stent was safe and effective in the acute management of coronary dissection. The main advantages are its ease and speed of use, and successful restoration of coronary flow both to the distal artery and to affected side branches pending definitive treatment.
Combinatorial Knoevenagel Reactions (2007)

Chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl) has been utilized as an efficient promoter and water scavenger in the Knoevenagel condensations of aromatic aldehydes with various methylene active compounds. High yields and a simple workup of target compounds enables the facile generation of combinatorial libraries comprising 11,000 compounds of high structural and functional diversity.
A framework for assessing relative risks associated with multiple stressors in Port Valdez, Alaska (1995)

The purpose of this assessment is to develop a versatile process that will provide a mechanism for evaluating both present and future risks to this environment. Much of the regulatory and environmental interest in the port has centered around a Ballast Water Treatment facility that treats and discharges up to 30 mgd of oily ballast water brought in by crude oil tankers. However, six point discharges and other potential sources of pollution exist in the area. The authors have delineated eleven subareas in the port in order to identify the potential anthropogenic stressors, as well as the receptors that could be exposed to these stressors. Potential effects were then characterized for each exposure. Each component is ranked and integrated, resulting in a relative risk estimate in each subarea. Both the discernible risks, based on available data, and the data gaps are presented. Uncertainty is expressed as a range of high and low risk associated with each component. Results of the ranking indicate that hydrocarbons released through discharges, contaminated runoff and spills pose the most discernible risk to sediment quality and wildlife in the port. Undetermined, but potentially severe, risks to all ecological components include possible future oil spills, shoreline development,more » and the introduction of nonindigenous species. The final assessment provides a tool for current and future ecological monitoring efforts in the Port Valdez area.« less
Efficacy and safety of FIREHAWK® abluminal groove filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of long coronary lesions: nine-month angiographic and one-year clinical results from TARGET I trial long cohort (2013)

Treatment of long coronary lesions with the FIREHAWK(®) stent is able to produce similar results as observed in the FIREHAWK(®) FIM clinical trial. Based on this result, we are confident in the treatment prospect of the FIREHAWK(®) for long coronary lesions.
Convolutional Network Model using Hierarchical Prediction and its Application in Clothing Image Classification (2019)

This article proposes a kind of new hierarchical classification model (HCNN) based on convolutional networks. The coarse category-fine category classification layer is set from the lower layer to the upper layer of the network. The experiment proves the necessity of hierarchical classification structure to classify clothing images. In previous studies, when using convolutional neural networks for image classification or other machine learning methods, most of them did not consider hierarchical. This paper attempts to classify apparel datasets using hierarchical CNN for the first time. The suggested model is a knowledge-embedded classifier which conveys some hierarchical information. We implemented HCNN using VGGNet as the underlying framework on the Fashion-MNIST dataset. The results show that the loss is reduced and the accuracy is improved when compared with the base model without hierarchy.
Effects of endodontic irrigants on blood and blood-stained dentin (2019)

Under the current conditions, the 2.5% NaOCl solution had a stronger bleaching effect on blood and blood-stained dentin than 5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. HEDP did not have any direct impact on blood color or NaOCl-derived bleaching.
miR-375- and miR-1-Regulated Coxsackievirus B3 Has No Pancreas and Heart Toxicity But Strong Antitumor Efficiency in Colorectal Carcinomas (2021)

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has strong oncolytic activity in colorectal carcinoma but it also infects the pancreas and the heart. To improve the safety of the virus, here we investigated whether pancreas and cardiac toxicity can be prevented by insertion of target sites (TS), which are complementary to miR-375 and miR-1 into the viral genome. Although miR-375 and miR-1 are abundantly expressed in the pancreas and in the heart, respectively, their expression levels are low in colorectal carcinomas, which allows the carcinomas to be selectively attacked. To investigate the importance of the microRNAs, two viruses were engineered, H3N-375TS containing only miR-375TS and H3N-375/1TS containing miR-375TS and miR-1TS. <i>In vitro</i>, both viruses replicated in and lysed colorectal carcinoma cells, similar to a nontargeted control virus H3N-39TS, whereas they were strongly attenuated in cell lines transiently or endogenously expressing the corresponding microRNAs. <i>In vivo</i>, the control virus H3N-39TS induced strong infection of the pancreas and the heart, which led to fatal disease within 4 days after a single intratumoral virus injection in mice xenografted with colorectal DLD-1 cell tumors. In contrast, three intratumoral injections of H3N-375TS or H3N-375/1TS failed to induce virus-induced sickness. In the animals, both viruses were completely ablated from the pancreas and H3N-375/1TS was also ablated from the heart, whereas the cardiac titers of H3N-375TS were strongly reduced. Long-term investigations of the DLD-1 tumor model confirmed lack of virus-induced adverse effects in H3N-375TS- and H3N-375/1TS-treated mice. There was no mortality, and the pancreas and the heart were free of pathological alterations. Regarding the therapeutic efficiency, the treated animals showed high and long-lasting H3N-375TS and H3N-375/1TS persistence in the tumor and significantly slower tumor growth. These data demonstrate that miR-375- and miR-1-mediated virus detargeting from the pancreas and heart is a highly effective strategy to prevent toxicity of oncolytic CVB3.
Human Sgo1 downregulation leads to chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer (2008)

These findings suggest that hSgo1-downregulated colorectal cancers have a clinicopathological character of CIN, and hSgo1 downregulation leads to CIN in colorectal cancer cells.
Formate Brines for Drilling and Completion: State of the Art (1995)

Abstract Low solids drilling fluids based on formate brines (sodium, potassium and caesium salts of formic acid) were originally designed to minimise frictional pressure losses in slim hole drilling applications. In addition, their unique capability of stabilising polymers to high temperatures made them more temperature resistant than any other polymer based drilling fluids. Subsequent work has shown that these brines, because of their high densities and low corrosivity, are also ideal completion and packer fluids. Formate brines have excellent HSE profiles and they are compatible with reservoir fluids, good shale stabilisers, gas hydrate inhibitors, and scale dissolves. Also, a technique has been found for cost effective clean-up and recycling of formate based drilling fluids. The commercialisation and introduction of these fluids into the field (especially caesium formate) has taken a long time, due to high prices and few manufacturers. This situation is now changing, as the number of manufacturers is increasing, and buy-back arrangements have been made available. Also, a number of successful drilling and completion trials have been carried out.
Effects of micro-fracture and micro-coal line on tight gas accumulation, Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Sichuan Basin, China (2021)

The study of natural gas migration and accumulation of tight gas has become the focus of the energy industry in recent years. One of the priorities is the research of hydrocarbon migration carrier system of the formation. This study reveals two types of hydrocarbon carrier systems (micro-fractures and micro-coal lines) in the tight formation through a large amount of geological observations, data statistics, and simulations. This study also first put forward the view that the coal lines can be a type of hydrocarbon carrier system in tight sandstone formation. During the research process, an improved permeability testing method and apparatus are used to test the core permeability widely. Based on the real core, three models are established to describe the micro-fracture/micro-coal line characteristics. According to the three typical models, the Voronoi method is used to rebuild the network models. The migration and accumulation process in tight formation is simulated with the Multiple Relaxation Time lattice Boltzmann method in numerical simulation and with displacement apparatus in physical simulation. The results indicate that the micro-fracture/micro-coal line will significantly improve the percolation capacity of sandstone as the hydrocarbon migration carrier system in tight formation, the mechanism is revealed by numerical simulations. The micro-fractures/micro-coal lines are favorable for natural gas accumulation in tight formation. Unlike the conventional formation, in tight formation, micro-fractures/micro-coal lines tend to be the main migration carrier systems during the gas accumulation process.
Security Comparison of Wired and Wireless Network with Firewall and Virtual Private Network (VPN) (2010)

Computer networks are typically a shared resource used by many applications for many different purposes. Sometimes the data transmitted between application processes is confidential, and the application users would prefer that others not be able to read it. A firewall is a specially programmed router that sits between a site and the rest of the network. It is a router in the sense that it is connected to two or more physical networks and it forwards packets from one network to another, but it also filters the packets that flow through it. A VPN is an example of providing a controlled connectivity over a public network such as the Internet. VPNs utilize a concept called an IP tunnel-a virtual point-to-point link between a pair of nodes that are actually separated by an arbitrary number of networks. In this paper we set up a network where servers are accessed over the Internet by customers who have different privileges. We study how firewalls and VPNs can provide security to the information in the servers while maintaining access for customers with the appropriate privilege. We are implemented the Security compression of wired and wireless network by using well know tool OPNET 10.0.
Preparation and Characterization of Insensitive HMX/Graphene Oxide Composites (2013)

Abstract To improve the safety of HMX, a two‐dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) was introduced to HMX by the solventnonsolvent method. The morphology, composition, thermal decomposition characteristic were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared to the previous reports, GO sheets exhibited better desensitizing effect than [60]Fullerene and CNTs. When 2.0 wt‐% GO sheets were added, the impact sensitivity of raw HMX decreased from 100 to 10 %, and the friction sensitivity reduced from 100 to 32 %. The DSC results proved that GO sheets were compatible with HMX. In addition, by determining the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the samples, it was found that the activation energy (E a ) of HMX with 2.0 wt‐% GO increased by 23.5 kJ mol −1 , suggesting that GO sheets could improve the thermal stability of HMX.
Consolidation of Nano-Composites for Thermal Management (1996)

Abstract This paper describes the consolidation of ultra fine (“nano”) grained W-Cu and Mo-Cu composite materials used as thermal management substrates in microelectronics applications. Both W/Cu and Mo/Cu composites having W and Mo dispersed phases in the size range of 300-700 nm and excellent microstructural homogeneity were synthesized by chemical precursor techniques. Consolidation to high densities (96 - 99% of theoretical) was accomplished by the standard commercial practice of cold pressing followed by pressureless sintering and also by rapid consolidation at high pressures. The high pressure short duration consolidation techniques allowed the benefits of nano-powders to be preserved by minimizing grain growth during consolidation. The use of these methods provides alternatives to the costly and tedious techniques of infiltration of a refractory metal skeleton or powder mixing. Both of the latter approaches are subject to local inhomogeneities and variations in thermal properties. Thermal conductivity and thermal expansion values of 220 W/mK (extrapolated from 86% to 100% density) and 10.5 ppm/°C for90W/10Cu (by weight) and 141 W7 mK and 10.4 ppmTC respectively for 90Mo/10Cu (by weight) compositions, were obtained at room temperature. Characterization was accomplished by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supplemented by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX/ EDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Michael‐Type Reaction of Phosphorus Ylides to Nitroolefins: Synthesis of γ‐Nitro‐β‐aryl‐α‐methylene Carboxylic Esters. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On Extended RLS Lattice Adaptive Variants: Error-Feedback, Normalized, and Array-Based Recursions (2005)

Error-feedback, normalized, and array-based recursions represent equivalent RLS lattice adaptive filters which are known to offer better numerical properties under finite-precision implementations. This is the case when the underlying data structure arises from a tapped-delay-line model for the input signal. On the other hand, in the context of a more general orthonormality-based input model, these variants have not yet been derived and their behavior under finite precision is unknown. This paper develops several lattice structures for the exponentially weighted RLS problem under orthonormality-based data structures, including error-feedback, normalized, and array-based forms. As a result, besides nonminimality of the new recursions, they present unstable modes as well as hyperbolic rotations, so that the well-known good numerical properties observed in the case of FIR models no longer exist. We verify via simulations that, compared to the standard extended lattice equations, these variants do not improve the robustness to quantization, unlike what is normally expected for FIR models.
Prion peptide induces neuronal cell death through a pathway involving glycogen synthase kinase 3 (2003)

Prion diseases are characterized by neuronal cell death, glial proliferation and deposition of prion peptide aggregates. An abnormal misfolded isoform of the prion protein (PrP) is considered to be responsible for this neurodegeneration. The PrP 106-126, a synthetic peptide obtained from the amyloidogenic region of the PrP, constitutes a model system to study prion-induced neurodegeneration as it retains the ability to trigger cell death in neuronal cultures. In the present study, we show that the addition of this prion peptide to cultured neurons increases the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), which is accompanied by the enhanced phosphorylation of some microtubule-associated proteins including tau and microtubule-associated protein 2. Prion peptide-treated neurons become progressively atrophic, and die ultimately. Both lithium and insulin, which inhibit GSK-3 activity, significantly decrease prion peptide-induced cell death both in primary neuronal cultures and in neuroblastoma cells. Finally, the overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of GSK-3 in transfected neuroblastoma cells efficiently prevents prion peptide-induced cell death. These results are consistent with the view that the activation of GSK-3 is a crucial mediator of prion peptide-induced neurodegeneration.