gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of metal thickness and finite substrate width on leaky waves in coupled microstrip lines (2003)

The propagation characteristics of leaky waves in thick coupled microstrip lines integrated on a substrate with infinite and finite widths are presented. Field-theoretic results, based on the full-wave mode-matching method incorporating the metal modes, show that the thickness of metal strips can convert a nonleaky bounded mode into a leaky wave. On the other hand, when the infinite substrate width is reduced to a finite value, a leaky wave may become a bounded propagation mode and additional leaky waves are found. The effects of metal thickness and finite substrate width on leaky waves are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation of Platinum Thin Films by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Oxygen-Assisted Decomposition of (Ethylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum (2004)

Pt thin films were deposited by the O 2 -assisted decomposition of an (ethylcyclopentadienyl) trimethylplatinum [(EtCp)PtMe 3 ] precursor, and their growth behavior was investigated by varying the amount of oxygen gas supply. An abrupt change from a very low growth rate to a significantly high growth rate was observed with an increase in O 2 feeding rate, which indicated that an oxygen gas supply above a threshold was required to obtain a continuous Pt film with an acceptable growth rate. Under the deposition conditions of a substrate temperature of 340°C and an O 2 flow rate of 1000 sccm, we successfully fabricated a Pt film with a smooth surface, (111)-preferred orientation, and low resistivity of 11.6 µΩ-cm on a 200-mm-diameter-wafer.
SP-R210 (Myo18A) Isoforms as Intrinsic Modulators of Macrophage Priming and Activation (2015)

The surfactant protein (SP-A) receptor SP-R210 has been shown to increase phagocytosis of SP-A-bound pathogens and to modulate cytokine secretion by immune cells. SP-A plays an important role in pulmonary immunity by enhancing opsonization and clearance of pathogens and by modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. Alternative splicing of the Myo18A gene results in two isoforms: SP-R210S and SP-R210L, with the latter predominantly expressed in alveolar macrophages. In this study we show that SP-A is required for optimal expression of SP-R210L on alveolar macrophages. Interestingly, pre-treatment with SP-A prepared by different methods either enhances or suppresses responsiveness to LPS, possibly due to differential co-isolation of SP-B or other proteins. We also report that dominant negative disruption of SP-R210L augments expression of receptors including SR-A, CD14, and CD36, and enhances macrophages' inflammatory response to TLR stimulation. Finally, because SP-A is known to modulate CD14, we used a variety of techniques to investigate how SP-R210 mediates the effect of SP-A on CD14. These studies revealed a novel physical association between SP-R210S, CD14, and SR-A leading to an enhanced response to LPS, and found that SP-R210L and SP-R210S regulate internalization of CD14 via distinct macropinocytosis-like mechanisms. Together, our findings support a model in which SP-R210 isoforms differentially regulate trafficking, expression, and activation of innate immune receptors on macrophages.
Survey of potential sapstain fungi on Pinus radiata in New Zealand (2005)

Abstract A nationwide survey of New Zealand sapstain fungi on Pinus radiata was undertaken between 1996 and 1998 with collections of 1958 samples of material from 869 sites in the North and South Islands. Material was collected from mills, ports, forest plantations of native, exotic, or P. radiata , nurseries, farms, and urban areas. Material collected included branches, twigs, needles or leaves, cones, logs, wood chips, timber, and veneer. From these collections, 2154 potential sapstain fungi, representing 14 known species plus a number of unidentified species, were isolated. The predominant sapstain fungi isolated were Sphaeropsis sapinea, Ophiostoma ips, O. floccosum, O. piliferum, Leptographium procerum , and O. querci. S. sapinea was isolated from all material sampled including collections from the forest floor (including branches, twigs, needles, leaves, cones, and logs) as well as from logs and timber. In contrast Ophiostoma species were mainly found on logs, timber, and wood chips.
[Correlation between degree of mineralization and collagen cross-links as determinants of bone quality]. (2005)

Little is known about the correlation between degree of mineralization and collagen properties (enzymatic and non-enzymatic cross-links) in bone. In the patients with femoral neck fracture, not only the mineral embrittlement but also the qualitative changes in collagen cross-links were observed in both low and high mineralized bone fractions. These results suggest that this trend towards an increased loss of collagen quality may have led to accelerated increase of fragility in osteoporosis.
Design of a Portable, Intrinsically Safe Multichannel Acquisition System for High-Resolution, Real-Time Processing HD-sEMG (2013)

A compact and portable system for real-time, multichannel, HD-sEMG acquisition is presented. The device is based on a modular, multiboard approach for scalability and to optimize power consumption for battery operating mode. The proposed modular approach allows us to configure the number of sEMG channels from 64 to 424. A plastic-optical-fiber-based 10/100 Ethernet link is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based board for real-time, safety data transmission toward a personal computer or laptop for data storage and offline analysis. The high-performance A/D conversion stage, based on 24-bit ADC, allows us to automatically serialize the samples and transmits them on a single SPI bus connecting a sequence of up to 14 ADC chips in chain mode. The prototype is configured to work with 64 channels and a sample frequency of 2.441 ksps (derived from 25-MHz clock source), corresponding to a real data throughput of 3 Mbps. The prototype was assembled to demonstrate the available features (e.g., scalability) and evaluate the expected performances. The analog front end board could be dynamically configured to acquire sEMG signals in monopolar or single differential mode by means of FPGA I/O interface. The system can acquire continuously 64 channels for up to 5 h with a lightweight battery pack of 7.5 Vdc/2200 mAh. A PC-based application was also developed, by means of the open source Qt Development Kit from Nokia, for prototype characterization, sEMG measurements, and real-time visualization of 2-D maps.
Too Close for Comfort: Henry James, Richard Wagner andThe Sacred Fount (2009)

In April 1880, one of the most intriguing lost opportunities in musical-literary history took place. Henry James and Richard Wagner were staying in Posilippo, near Naples. James was beginning a two-month visit to Italy, whilst Wagner was living in the Italian town with his family, working on essays including ‘Religion und Kunst’ (1880) and preparing the staging for Parsifal (1882). A mutual friend, Paul von Joukowsky, suggested to James that he and Wagner meet but the offer provoked an emphatic rejection from the American novelist. It would have taken place amid the heady bohemianism, homosexuality and obsessive aestheticism of Wagner's Italian circle of which Joukowsky was a part. No doubt their meeting would have been stilted and strained, suffused with various forms of social awkwardness, yet, as we shall see, James's explanation of his refusal has the overtones of a justification. Despite – or because of – the aborted meeting, James repeatedly returned to this unrealized encounter in his writing. He referred to the composer or his works in more than a dozen of his novels and short stories from the 1880s to the early twentieth century; these muted but resonant references suggest an informed and engaged response to Wagner and his works. It is as if, though these allusions, James re-imagined this event, composer and novelist encountering each other in numerous texts over a period of 20 years
In vitro Effects of Amino-Acid-Based versus Glucose-Based Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids on Peritoneal Macrophage Function (1994)

We studied the in vitro effects of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) containing 1 and 1.5% amino acids (AA) as compared to approximately equiosmolar glucose (GLU)-based PDF (1.5 and 4.25%) and control buffer, respectively, on peritoneal macrophage (PMO) function. The media were tested at original pH (5.3-5.5) and after pH adjustment to 7.4. PMO were isolated from the effluents of 10 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and tested for luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), superoxide generation measured by cytochrome c reduction, killing capacity and phagocytosis after incubation (30 min, 37 degrees C) in the PDF used. All AA-based PDF exhibited a statistically significant depressive effect on integral CL response, O2- production and bacterial killing of PMO at pH 7.4 in comparison with pH-adjusted GLU-based PDF of similar osmolality and buffer. Exposure of PMO to acidic AA-based media did not result in a significantly different suppression of the oxidative metabolism and the killing capacity as compared to fresh GLU-based fluids. Phagocytosis of PMO did not show significant differences after incubation in the solutions studied. Thus, the AA-based PDF employed compromise the oxidative metabolism and the killing capacity of PMO at pH 7.4 in vitro significantly more than GLU-based fluids. Since pH-identical and almost equiosmolar PDF were compared, the specific composition of the AA-based fluids, especially the high content of lactate and several essential AA, could be responsible for this detrimental impact.
Featured Articles Efficacy of a medical food in mild Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, controlled trial (2010)

Objective: To investigate the effect of a medical food on cognitive function in people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A total of 225 drug-naive AD patientsparticipated in this randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Patients were randomized to active product, Souvenaid, or a control drink, taken once-daily for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the delayed verbal recall task of the Wechsler Memory Scale-re- vised, and the 13-item modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale at week 12. Results: At12weeks,significantimprovementinthedelayedverbalrecalltaskwasnotedintheactive group compared with control (P 5 .021). Modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscaleandotheroutcomescores(e.g.,ClinicianInterviewBasedImpressionofChangeplusCaregiver Input, 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Alzheimer's disease Co-operative Study-Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease) were unchanged. The control group neither deteriorated nor improved. Compliance was excellent (95%) and the product was well tolerated. Conclusions: Supplementation with a medical food including phosphatide precursors and cofactors for 12 weeks improved memory (delayed verbal recall) in mild AD patients. This proof-of-concept study justifies further clinical trials. 2010 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved.
RADAR: Risk-and-Delay Aware Routing Algorithm in a Hybrid Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN) (2007)

We propose "risk-and-delay aware routing algorithm" (RADAR) for WOBAN. RADAR minimizes packet delay in the wireless front end of WOBAN and reduces packet loss for multiple failure scenarios: gateway failure, ONU failure, and OLT failure.
Feature extraction of protein secondary structure using 2D convolutional neural network (2016)

In this paper we propose a approach using 2D convolutional neural network(CNN) for the prediction of protein secondary structure. A representation of two dimensional PSSM is directly used to convolve with filters to extract the features. This new representation reflects not only the evolutionary information but also the sequence interaction of residue. The architecture of convolutional neural network has two convolutional layers and one max-pooling layer. The feature maps extracted from second convolutional layer are used to feed to Bayes classifier, in order to build prediction model. The Q3 accuracy 77.7% of 25PDB dataset is achieved based on 3 fold cross validation experiments using CNN features. The performance based on CNN features is better than 73.8% of 25PDB dataset using the original features. Experimental results illustrate that CNN features improve the prediction performance and have the potential ability of the invariance against mutation, insertion, deletion of residue.
Pathology and Pathophysiology of Uterine Smooth-Muscle Tumors (2000)

Smooth-muscle tumors of uterine origin encompass a broad family of neoplasms. The leiomyoma, by far the most common of all the neoplasms, generally is hormone sensitive, with rates of growth semiquantitatively related to estrogen and progesterone receptor levels. Several forms of degenerative change can occur in the leiomyoma. The most common is hyaline degeneration, which is important in that it should not be mistaken for the coagulative tumor cell necrosis seen in leiomyosarcoma. Red degeneration (necrobiosis) is a form of degeneration that occurs characteristically but not exclusively in pregnancy, and the process is often the cause of pain and fever. Several forms of treatment have been used medically in the treatment of leiomyoma. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs or agonists or selective arterial embolization with polyvinylformaldehyde particles may lead to substantial degeneration or infarction of the leiomyoma, respectively. Several variants of leiomyoma, the cellular and symplastic leiomyomas, are important to recognize, as they can be misinterpreted as sarcoma. In addition, there are two unusual growth patterns of leiomyoma that are important to recognize. Both the benign metastasizing leiomyoma and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis are found outside the uterus, and neither is malignant. Recent studies offer insights into their origin and hormonal influences. From a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view, the leiomyosarcoma, while rare, is clinically of great import. Coagulative necrosis, cytologic atypia, and mitotic counts are all important in diagnosing the condition.
Recovery of canine retina and optic nerve function after acute elevation of intraocular pressure: implications for canine glaucoma treatment (2007)

Detailed functional and morphologic analysis revealed precise information about retinal damage after acute elevation of IOP. Canine retina has the capacity to recover at least some visual function even at 14 days after acute elevation of the IOP. More aggressive medical and surgical treatment of canine glaucomatous patients may be indicated despite complete loss of visual function, PLR and dazzle responses in early days after development of an acute glaucomatous attack.
[Thyroid autonomous nodule. Surgical treatment and postoperative outcome, retrospective study of 102 cases (author's transl)]. (1980)

Follow-up of 102 patients operated upon for autonomous thyroid nodules is reported. Retrospective study of operative findings and aftermath of surgery clearly demonstrates that the patho-physiological concept of autonomous nodule does not snugly fit practical problems experienced with the management of such patients. The autonomous nodule can be a malignancy. Ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy seems more suitable than nodulectomy. Gross appearance of the thyroid remnant makes sometimes post-operative hormonotherapy unexpectedly advisable. From a theoretical point of view, post-operative thyroid scan, TSH assay and TRH test are mandatory, to assess recovery.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in cancer and cancer immunotherapy (2020)

The functions of, and interactions between, the innate and adaptive immune systems are vital for anticancer immunity. Cytotoxic T cells expressing cell-surface CD8 are the most powerful effectors in the anticancer immune response and form the backbone of current successful cancer immunotherapies. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors are designed to target immune-inhibitory receptors that function to regulate the immune response, whereas adoptive cell-transfer therapies use CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with genetically modified receptors-chimaeric antigen receptors-to specify and enhance CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell functionality. New generations of cytotoxic T cells with genetically modified or synthetic receptors are being developed and evaluated in clinical trials. Furthermore, combinatory regimens might optimise treatment effects and reduce adverse events. This review summarises advances in research on the most prominent immune effectors in cancer and cancer immunotherapy, cytotoxic T cells, and discusses possible implications for future cancer treatment.
Case Study: LRZ Liquid Cooling, Energy Management, Contract Specialities (2012)

This presentation explores energy management, liquid cooling and heat re-use as well as contract specialities for LRZ: Leibniz-Rechenzentrum.
In situ analysis of proteolipid protein gene transcripts during persistent Theiler's virus infection. (1991)

SJL/J mice inoculated intracranially with the DA strain of Theiler's virus exhibit a persistent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. To investigate the effect of persistent infection of oligodendrocytes on the expression of myelin genes, we analyzed the level of PLP mRNA in infected as well as uninfected oligodendrocytes. This study was performed at the single-cell level using the simultaneous detection of viral antigens by immunocytochemistry and PLP mRNAs by in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled oligonucleotide probes. Our data indicate that viral infection of oligodendrocytes reduces the level of PLP mRNA by about 80%.
Reducing energy consumption of queries in memory-resident database systems (2004)

The tremendous growth of system memories has increased the capacities and capabilities of memory-resident embedded databases, yet current embedded databases need to be tuned in order to take advantage of new memory technologies. In this paper, we study the implications of hosting memory resident databases, and propose hardware and software (query-driven) techniques to improve their performance and energy consumption. We exploit the structured organization of memories, which enables a selective mode of operation in which banks are accessed selectively. Unused banks are placed in a lower power mode based on access pattern information. We propose hardware techniques that dynamically control the memory by making the system adapt to the access patterns that arise from queries. We also propose a software (query-directed) scheme that directly modifies the queries to reduce the energy consumption by ensuring uniform bank accesses. Our results show that these optimizations could lead to at the least 40% reduction in memory energy. We also show that query-directed schemes better utilize the low-power modes, achieving up to 68% improvement.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Solvent Effect on the Regiochemical Outcome (N‐9 versus N‐7) of Guanine Glycosylation Using Robins′ Reagent (2‐N‐Acetyl‐6‐O‐diphenylcarbamoylguanine). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Red deer allocate vigilance differently in response to spatio-temporal patterns of risk from human hunters and wolves (2020)

Abstract Context Ungulate prey can use increased vigilance to reduce their risk of predation, but little is known of the combined and interactive risk effects from humans and wolves in determining ungulate behaviour across time and space. Understanding the interplay between these risk effects is increasingly important, considering the recolonisation of several large carnivores to more human-dominated landscapes in Europe. Aim The aim of the present study was to assess the vigilance behaviour expressed by red deer (Cervus elaphus) in response to both humans and wolves in the Polish Białowieża Forest. Methods Using a camera-trap transect, the effect of distance to human settlements, hunting season, patterns of space use by wolves (Canis lupus), canopy openness, canopy height, time of day, as well as sex/age of individuals, on the vigilance behaviour observed in red deer was studied using a model-selection approach. Key results We did not find a clear effect of patterns of space use by wolves or distance to human settlements on red deer vigilance behaviour at the landscape scale. However, red deer showed increased vigilance during the hunting season and during the day outside of protected areas and reserves, because disturbance from human hunters is highest. Conversely, we also found that red deer were more vigilant at night within more protected areas, which is likely to be explained by the increased activity of wolves because human activity is strictly limited. Conclusions Our study showed that vigilance behaviour of red deer in Białowieża Primeval Forest is more driven by human hunting than by the frequency of wolf presence at a landscape scale. This could be explained by the higher temporal and spatial predictability of human hunting activities than wolf risk. We found that patterns of wolf space use, as opposed to the omnipresent fear effects from humans, had only localised effects by increasing vigilance levels during night hours in non-hunting areas of the forest. The reverse was observed outside of protected reserves. Understanding how prey species respond to this new combination of risk from natural predators and humans, is increasingly important in a landscape where human risk is becoming ever more potent and carnivores recolonise.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Reinforcement Learning Framework with Region-Awareness and Shared Path Experience for Efficient Routing in Networks-on-Chip (2023)

Network-on-chip (NoC) architectures provide a scalable, high-performance, and reliable interconnect for emerging manycore systems. The routing policies used in NoCs have a significant impact on overall performance. Prior efforts have proposed reinforcement learning (RL)-based adaptive routing policies to avoid congestion and minimize latency in NoCs. The output quality of RL policies depends on selecting a representative cost function and an effective update mechanism. Unfortunately, existing RL policies for NoC routing fail to represent path contention and regional congestion in the cost function. Moreover, the experience of packet flows sharing the same route is not fully incorporated into the RL update mechanism. In this paper, we present a novel regional congestion-aware RL-based NoC routing policy called Q-RASP that is capable of sharing experience from packets using the same routes. Q-RASP improves average packet latency by up to 18.3% and reduces NoC energy consumption by up to 6.7% with minimal area overheads compared to state-of-the-art RL-based NoC routing implementations.