gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized alamarBlue assay protocol for drug dose-response determination of 3D tumor spheroids (2018)

The assessment of drug-dose responses is vital for the prediction of unwanted toxicological effects in modern medicine. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures techniques can provide <i>in vivo</i>-like spheroids and microtissues that resemble natural tumor function. However, formation of necrotic core and diffusion limitation of chemical compounds within these models can reduce the reproducibility and precision of standard bioassay protocols used to test two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Nonetheless, the accurate prediction of detrimental effects of test compounds based on functional bioassays is essential for the development of new efficient therapeutic strategies. For instance, alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> is a widely-used commercially available redox indicator dye that can evaluate metabolic activity and cellular health status in a single-step procedure however, suitability and optimization of this bioassay must be determined for each individual application scenario. Here, we optimized the standard alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> proliferation/viability protocol for tumor spheroid cultures to enhance assay precision during toxicological drug screening. We optimized the original protocol of alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> assay that usually suggests an incubation time of 2-4 hours. The key modifications of the protocol for spheroid cultures are as follows: •Aspiration of cell culture medium before drug exposure.•Replacement of drug-supplemented medium with 10% (v/v) alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> reagent mixed with culture medium.•Increase of incubation period to 24 h at 37 °C protected from light.
Anodic Dissolution and Chemical Reduction of Noble Metals in LiCl-KCl Melt (2009)

The anodic behaviors of Pd, Pt and Au have been investigated in LiCl-KCl eutectic melt at 683 K. Chemical reduction of the dissolved noble metal ions by H2 and CH4 has been also carried out. It was shown that Pd and Au could be dissolved anodically with a large dissolution rate, and that the dissolution rate of Pt was limited because of its passivation behavior. Fine particles of these noble metals were obtained by H2 or CH4 reduction though they combined together.
The Effects of Dilution Ratio and Equivalence Ratio on Catalytic Ignition of Hydrogen-Oxygen Over Platinum Catalyst. (1998)

Experimental studies of the catalytic ignition of hydrogen-oxygen were performed. A spherical platinum of 1.5mm in diameter was used for catalyst and the atmospheric pressure was 0.1MPa. The parameters were equivalence ratio and dilution ratio. Dilution ratio is mole fraction of nitrogen. The surface temperature was measured with thermocouple and the time histories of surface temperature show an inflection point. The catalytic ignition temperature is defined as the temperature at the inflection point. The catalytic ignition temperature was increased with dilution ratio when equivalence ratio was constant. The effect of dilution ratio was explained well with adsorption rate of reactants. If equivalence ratio was less than 0.1, the catalytic ignition temperature was decreased with equivalence ratio increase, and was increased with equivalence ratio if equivalence ratio was more than 0.2. The desorption of adsorbed hydrogen should be considered to explain the effect of equivalence ratio.
Enhanced catalytic properties of rhodium nanoparticles deposited on chemically modified SiO2 for hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (2014)

Rh NPs deposited on chemical modified SiO<sub>2</sub> is an effective, selective and recyclable catalyst for hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber.
Global Phenotypic Characterization of Effects of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Selection on the Metabolic Activities and Drug Susceptibilities ofClostridium perfringensStrains (2014)

Fluoroquinolone resistance affects toxin production of Clostridium perfringens strains differently. To investigate the effect of fluoroquinolone resistance selection on global changes in metabolic activities and drug susceptibilities, four C. perfringens strains and their norfloxacin-, ciprofloxacin-, and gatifloxacin-resistant mutants were compared in nearly 2000 assays, using phenotype microarray plates. Variations among mutant strains resulting from resistance selection were observed in all aspects of metabolism. Carbon utilization, pH range, osmotic tolerance, and chemical sensitivity of resistant strains were affected differently in the resistant mutants depending on both the bacterial genotype and the fluoroquinolone to which the bacterium was resistant. The susceptibilities to gentamicin and erythromycin of all resistant mutants except one increased, but some resistant strains were less susceptible to amoxicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and metronidazole than their wild types. Sensitivity to ethidium bromide decreased in some resistant mutants and increased in others. Microarray analysis of two gatifloxacin-resistant mutants showed changes in metabolic activities that were correlated with altered expression of various genes. Both the chemical structures of fluoroquinolones and the genomic makeup of the wild types influenced the changes found in resistant mutants, which may explain some inconsistent reports of the effects of therapeutic use of fluoroquinolones on clinical isolates of bacteria.
Replicating dynamic humerus motion using an industrial robot (2020)

Transhumeral percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses provide upper-extremity amputees with increased range of motion, more natural movement patterns, and enhanced proprioception. However, direct skeletal attachment of the endoprosthesis elevates the risk of bone fracture, which could necessitate revision surgery or result in loss of the residual limb. Bone fracture loads are direction dependent, strain rate dependent, and load rate dependent. Furthermore, in vivo, bone experiences multiaxial loading. Yet, mechanical characterization of the bone-implant interface is still performed with simple uni- or bi-axial loading scenarios that do not replicate the dynamic multiaxial loading environment inherent in human motion. The objective of this investigation was to reproduce the dynamic multiaxial loading conditions that the humerus experiences in vivo by robotically replicating humeral kinematics of advanced activities of daily living typical of an active amputee population. Specifically, 115 jumping jack, 105 jogging, 15 jug lift, and 15 internal rotation trials-previously recorded via skin-marker motion capture-were replicated on an industrial robot and the resulting humeral trajectories were verified using an optical tracking system. To achieve this goal, a computational pipeline that accepts a motion capture trajectory as input and outputs a motion program for an industrial robot was implemented, validated, and made accessible via public code repositories. The industrial manipulator utilized in this study was able to robotically replicate over 95% of the aforementioned trials to within the characteristic error present in skin-marker derived motion capture datasets. This investigation demonstrates the ability to robotically replicate human motion that recapitulates the inertial forces and moments of high-speed, multiaxial activities for biomechanical and orthopaedic investigations. It also establishes a library of robotically replicated motions that can be utilized in future studies to characterize the interaction of prosthetic devices with the skeletal system, and introduces a computational pipeline for expanding this motion library.
comMotion (1999)

How many times have you gone to the grocery store but left the grocery list on the refrigerator door? Wouldn't it be more efficient to have a reminder to buy groceries and the shopping list delivered to you when you were in the vicinity of the store?We live in a world in which the information overload is part of our daily life. Many of us receive large quantities of email or voice mail messages. Yet many of these messages are relevant only in a particular context. We can use a system of reminders to keep up with all we have to do, but these reminders are often relevant only to a specific location. If reminders, to-do lists, messages and other information were delivered in the most timely and relevant context, part of the overload would be reduced. This paper describes comMotion, a context-aware communication system for a mobile or wearable computing platform.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Map-Based Texture Analysis for the Differentiation of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma from Renal Oncocytoma (2022)

Preoperative imaging differentiation between ChRCC and RO is difficult with conventional subjective evaluation, and the development of quantitative analysis is a clinical challenge. Forty-nine patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy preceded by MRI and followed by pathological diagnosis with ChRCC or RO (ChRCC: n = 41, RO: n = 8). The whole-lesion volume of interest was set on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of 1.5T-MRI. The importance of selected texture features (TFs) was evaluated, and diagnostic models were created using random forest (RF) analysis. The Mean Decrease Gini as calculated through RF analysis was the highest for mean_ADC_value. ChRCC had a significantly lower mean_ADC_value than RO (1.26 vs. 1.79 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.0001). Feature selection by the Boruta method identified the first-quartile ADC value and GLZLM_HGZE as important features. ROC curve analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the classification performances between the mean_ADC_value-only model and the Boruta model (AUC: 0.954 vs. 0.969, p = 0.236). The mean ADC value had good predictive ability for the distinction between ChRCC and RO, comparable to that of the combination of TFs optimized for the evaluated cohort. The mean ADC value may be useful in distinguishing between ChRCC and RO.
Road Maintenance Management System Using 3D Data by Terrestrial Laser Scanner and UAV (2020)

Road Maintenance Management System Using 3D Data by Terrestrial Laser Scanner and UAV Satoshi Kubota, Ryosuke Hata, Kotaro Nishi, Chiyuan Ho and Yoshihiro Yasumuro Pages 1337-1343 (2020 Proceedings of the 37th ISARC, Kitakyushu, Japan, ISBN 978-952-94-3634-7, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: In road maintenance, it is necessary to construct an environment that manages 3D data and maintenance information for its effectivity and efficiency. Engineers should be able to use 3D data not only for virtually reviewing the design of a facility, but also for analyzing building operations and performance. Using 3D data will thus improve the efficiency of operations and maintenance. The primary objective of this research is to support road maintenance work using 3D data by combining point cloud data of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with photogrammetry. TLS and photogrammetry technologies were used to survey pavement, landform, and bridge of road structures. This research evaluated the accuracy of the usage of point cloud data by TLS and photogrammetry for road maintenance. This method can be used to check potholes and surface irregularities on pavement that can be easily and quickly confirmed by management. To evaluate the accuracy of 3D data of the bridge, we compare the 3D data with its design conditions. The 3D data describes the structure with high accuracy. The 3D data could be used to develop a road maintenance management system that accumulates data and refers to the inspection results and repair information. The system can link inspection results and recondition information with the point cloud data for display, storage, and reference, facilitating the management of road cracks and areas for repair. The prototype system was developed using Skyline Terra Explorer Pro. It was visualized constructed 3D data on temporal sequence. Keywords: Three-dimensional Data; Point Cloud Data; Terrestrial Laser Scanning; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle; Road Maintenance; Information System DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0184 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Preparation of Aqueous Core/Polymer Shell Microcapsules by Internal Phase Separation (2004)

Aqueous core/polymer shell microcapsules with mononuclear and polynuclear core morphologies have been formed by internal phase separation from water-in-oil emulsions. The water-in-oil emulsions were prepared with the shell polymer dissolved in the aqueous phase by adding a low boiling point cosolvent. Subsequent removal of this cosolvent (by evaporation) leads to phase separation of the polymer and, if the spreading conditions are correct, formation of a polymer shell encapsulating the aqueous core. Poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) shell/aqueous core microcapsules, with a single (mononuclear) core, have been prepared, but the low Tg (−84 °C) of PTHF makes characterization of the particles more difficult. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(isobutyl methacrylate) have higher Tg values (105 and 55 °C, respectively) and can be dissolved in water at sufficiently high acetone concentrations, but evaporation of the acetone from the emulsion droplets in these cases mostly resulted in polynuclear capsules, that is, having cores with many very small water droplets contained within the polymer matrix. Microcapsules with fewer, larger aqueous droplets in the core could be produced by reducing the rate of evaporation of the acetone. A possible mechanism for the formation of these polynuclear cores is suggested. These microcapsules were prepared dispersed in an oil-continuous phase. They could, however, be successfully transferred to a water-continuous phase, using a simple centrifugation technique. In this way, microcapsules with aqueous cores, dispersed in an aqueous medium, could be made. It would appear that a real challenge with the water-core systems, compared to the previous oil-core systems, is to obtain the correct order of magnitude of the three interfacial tensions, between the polymer, the aqueous phase, and the continuous oil phase; these control the spreading conditions necessary to produce shells rather than “acorns”.
Shape measurement of a droplet using phase-shifting burst digital holography (2020)

Phase-shifting digital holography has a feature that a hologram can be acquired with a spatial resolution of an image sensor. The interference images should be acquired at multiple times while the phase-shifting is given to the reference light. Therefore, some idea for imaging a moving object have been discussed. The phase-shifting digital holography with burst-imaging method is proposed for imaging a moving object. The phase-shifting digital holography at 460 μs is demonstrated by using a high-speed camera and a high-speed phase modulation based on a piezoelectric element.
Histopathology of rosacea (1969)

Biopsies from 108 patients with rosacea have been examined and the histological changes correlated with the clinical condition. There is no single histological feature unique to rosacea but it is characterized by a combination of several histological signs; various types of rosacea represent an exaggeration of one or another aspect of the basic pathological changes; the disease is neither primarily a folliculitis nor an inflammatory disorder of small blood vessels. There is disorganization of the upper dermal connective tissue with edema, disruption of fibers, and frequently severe elastosis. A comparison of 39 rosacea patients with 39 controls for solar elastotic change indicated an increased incidence and degree of elastosis in rosacea patients. It is suggested that loss of integrity of upper dermal connective tissue may permit vascular dilatation and that this may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Binuclear rhodium(I) complexes. Molecular A frames (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinuclear rhodium(I) complexes. Molecular A framesClifford P. Kubiak and Richard EisenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 18, 6129–6131Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00460a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00460a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Environmentally Friendly and Multifunctional Shaddock Peel-Based Carbon Aerogel for Thermal-Insulation and Microwave Absorption (2021)

The eco-friendly shaddock peel-derived carbon aerogels were prepared by a freeze-drying method. Multiple functions such as thermal insulation, compression resistance and microwave absorption can be integrated into one material-carbon aerogel. Novel computer simulation technology strategy was selected to simulate significant radar cross-sectional reduction values under real far field condition. . Eco-friendly electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with excellent thermal infrared stealth property, heat-insulating ability and compression resistance are highly attractive in practical applications. Meeting the aforesaid requirements simultaneously is a formidable challenge. Herein, ultra-light carbon aerogels were fabricated via fresh shaddock peel by facile freeze-drying method and calcination process, forming porous network architecture. With the heating platform temperature of 70 °C, the upper surface temperatures of the as-prepared carbon aerogel present a slow upward trend. The color of the sample surface in thermal infrared images is similar to that of the surroundings. With the maximum compressive stress of 2.435 kPa, the carbon aerogels can provide favorable endurance. The shaddock peel-based carbon aerogels possess the minimum reflection loss value (RL<sub>min</sub>) of - 29.50 dB in X band. Meanwhile, the effective absorption bandwidth covers 5.80 GHz at a relatively thin thickness of only 1.7 mm. With the detection theta of 0°, the maximum radar cross-sectional (RCS) reduction values of 16.28 dB m<sup>2</sup> can be achieved. Theoretical simulations of RCS have aroused extensive interest owing to their ingenious design and time-saving feature. This work paves the way for preparing multi-functional microwave absorbers derived from biomass raw materials under the guidance of RCS simulations.
Incomplete reprogramming after fusion of human multipotent stromal cells and bronchial epithelial cells (2010)

ABSTRACT Bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells can fuse with cells of several different tissues, including lung, especially following injury. Despite many reports of cell fusion, few studies have examined the function of the resulting hybrid cells. We cocultured human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) and observed the formation of hMSC/NHBE heterokaryons. The hetero‐karyons expressed several proteins characteristic of epithelial cells, such as keratin and occludin. Hybrid cells also expressed the mRNAs and proteins for 2 important ion channels that maintain bronchial and alveolar fluid balance: the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the amiloride‐sensitive epithelial Na + channel (ENaC). By immunocytochemistry, CFTR was expressed in many hybrid cells but was absent or low in others. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings demonstrated a glibenclamide‐sensitive current in the presence of barium chloride, consistent with functional CFTR channels, in control NHBEs and hMSC/NHBE heterokaryons. Total cell capacitance measurements showed that the membrane surface area of heterokaryons was similar to that of NHBEs. Heterokaryons expressed the α‐ and γ‐ENaC subunits but did not express the β‐ENaC subunit, indicating the inability to form a complete ENaC channel. In addition, hybrid cells formed by the fusion of hMSCs with immortalized bronchial cells that expressed CFTR ΔF508 did not lead to reprogramming of the hMSC nucleus and expression of wild‐type CFTR mRNA. Our data show that reprogramming can be incomplete following fusion of adult progenitor cells and somatic cells and may lead to altered cell function.—Curril, I. M., Koide, M., Yang, C. H., Segal, A., Wellman, G. C., Spees, J. L. Incomplete reprogramming after fusion of human multipotent stromal cells and bronchial epithelial cells. FASEB J. 24, 4856–4864 (2010). www.fasebj.org
Comparability of the ultrasonic tissue characteristics of carotid plaques. (2000)

Hypoechoic carotid atherosclerotic plaques on ultrasonographic examination were found to be associated with cerebrovascular events. This underlines the need for an accurate evaluation of their echotexture characteristics. The objective of this study was to further validate a proposed method of normalization aiming to facilitate the comparability of these characteristics. The sonographic examination involved imaging of carotid plaques using duplex technique and capturing, digitization, and normalization in a computer in a standard way. In the first part, the interobserver and interscanner variability and the gain-level variability within the ultrasound unit were examined, before and after normalization, in terms of plaque echotexture. The second part investigated the effect of normalization on the echotexture of 419 symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques. Our results indicated that the normalization reduced the interscanner variability and the gain-level variability. The interobserver variability was excellent. In addition, this process further distinguished the echotexture characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques, which encourages the use of this method in natural history studies in persons with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease, aiming to identify those at higher risk for stroke. These patients might benefit from a carotid endarterectomy.
PAST: a large-scale, persistent peer-to-peer storage utility (2005)

This paper sketches the design of PAST, a large-scale, Internet-based, global storage utility that provides scalability, high availability, persistence and security. PAST is a peer-to-peer Internet application and is entirely self-organizing. PAST nodes serve as access points for clients, participate in the routing of client requests, and contribute storage to the system. Nodes are not trusted, they may join the system at any time and may silently leave the system without warning. Yet, the system is able to provide strong assurances, efficient storage access, load balancing and scalability. Among the most interesting aspects of PAST's design are (1) the Pastry location and routing scheme, which reliably and efficiently routes client requests among the PAST nodes, has good network locality properties and automatically resolves node failures and node additions; (2) the use of randomization to ensure diversity in the set of nodes that store a file's replicas and to provide load balancing; and (3) the optional use of smartcards, which are held by each PAST user and issued by a third party called a broker The smartcards support a quota system that balances supply and demand of storage in the system.