gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of nine weeks of unloading on neuromuscular activities in adult rats. (2002)

Effects of 9-week hindlimb suspension and 8-week recovery on locomotor performance and electromyogram (EMG) activities of soleus (Sol), plantaris (Pl), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and tibialis anterior (TA), were studied in adult rats. Hyperextension of knee and ankle joints, noted after nine weeks of suspension, did not recover during 8-week ambulation. Growth of Sol was fully inhibited by suspension and did not recover completely within 8 weeks of ambulation. The EMG levels in Sol, Pl, and LG 1 day after suspension were 52-76% less than the pre-suspension level (resting on the floor). These activities were recovered to or near the pre-suspension level around 1 week, but decreased again to 10-29% of controls from 7 to 9 weeks. The integrated EMG of TA was elevated during the first week of suspension but then gradually declined to control levels within four weeks. At the end of suspension, the Sol and Pl, not the LG, EMGs remained reduced and the TA EMG remained hyperactive. Co-activation of dorsi- and plantar- flexors occurred often during quadripedal walking following suspension. Such a phenomenon was not observed in the control rats. These phenomena were recovered within 1 week. It is suggested that the unloading-related alterations of neuromuscular activities and/or locomotion, but not the hyperextension of knee and ankle joints, in rats are reversible.
Flow affects development of intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in rats. (1992)

This study examined the effects of blood flow on intimal hyperplasia after balloon catheter injury of the rat common carotid artery. Flow was altered by ligation of the opposite common carotid artery (increased flow) or of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (decreased flow). Blood flow decreased by 35% in the low-flow group and increased by 29% in the high-flow group. Similar changes in mean velocity were observed. Cross-sectional intimal area was significantly greater in the low- than the high-flow group at 2 weeks (0.11 +/- 0.01 versus 0.06 +/- 0.01 mm2, p less than 0.01) and 4 weeks (0.17 +/- 0.02 versus 0.12 +/- 0.01 mm2, p = 0.01) but not at 1 or 8 weeks. Smooth muscle cell proliferation rates (thymidine labeling indexes) were not different in high- and low-flow groups at 2 days and at 1 and 4 weeks. Matrix accumulation at 2 and 4 weeks was the same in both groups. Mature neointima did not respond to changes in flow; when vessel ligation was delayed until 2 months after injury, there was no effect on neointimal area. These data indicate that early neointimal hyperplasia is increased when flow is reduced, possibly because of alteration of smooth muscle cell migration.
Interaction of Melanin with Metal Ions Modulates Their Cytotoxic Potential (2021)

Abstract Melanin is one the most common biological pigments. In humans, specialized cells called melanocytes synthesize the pigment from tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine via enzyme-catalyzed reactions and spontaneous processes. The formed melanin granule consists of nanoaggregates of oligomers containing different monomers. Although the main biological function of melanin is protection against damage from solar radiation, melanin may also be involved in protection against oxidative stress. In the latter function, sequestration of redox-active metal ions and scavenging of reactive oxygen species are of importance. The paper reviews basic physicochemical properties of melanin responsible for binding of metal ions and discusses specific conditions that may induce cytotoxicity of metal ions such as iron and copper by facilitating their redox activation and release from melanin. While the value of EPR spectroscopy and other EPR-related techniques for the study of melanin is emphasized, the concomitant use of other physicochemical methods is the most efficient approach.
Single molecule magnet behaviour in a square planar S = 1/2 Co(ii) complex and spin-state assignment of multiple relaxation modes (2020)

We report the first example of field-induced single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour in a square-planar S = 1/2 Co(ii) pincer complex [(PNNNP)CoBr]Br (2). The related five-coordinate complexes [(PCNCP)CoBr2] (1) and [(PONOP)CoBr2] (3) also exhibit SMM properties. Partial spin crossover displayed by 3 allows for assignment of distinct relaxation modes to each spin state.
A new iterative learning control method for PWM inverter current regulation (2004)

AC servomotor speed or current controller based on PI control and/or optimal control, can not eliminate the cyclical fluctuations of speed or current when subject to periodic disturbances. PWM inverters output waveforms are distorted by dead-time effect, which is cyclical type disturbances. Conventional dead-time compensation methods based on feedforward techniques, using current reference polarity, do not resolve these effects around zero current crossing area. A new current regulation method based on iterative learning control technique is proposed in order to reduce the distortions caused by both the dead-time and the zero crossing problems.
Nanometer‐Scale Variations in Interface Potential by Scanning Probe Microscopy (1999)

The local electrical potential at individual grain boundaries and the potential distributions across polycrystalline samples have been measured by using scanning surface potential imaging with an atomic force microscope. Individual grain boundaries are isolated for measurement by micropatterning an array of contacts onto the surface of a ZnO‐based varistor material. Quantification of the voltage dependence of the local voltage decrease and resistivity is illustrated. Comparisons are made by using optical and electron microscopy and spectroscopy. On a larger scale, potential distributions are mapped in a polycrystalline ZnO‐NiO system that exhibits positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior.
Treated Enamel Surface Patterns Associated with Five Orthodontic Adhesive Systems-Surface Morphology and Shear Bond Strength (2008)

The chief aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different types of pretreatment solutions (phosphoric acid, self-etching primers, and polyacrylic acid) on enamel surfaced when used in association with one of the five orthodontic adhesive systems. In the same vein, the shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets was also measured to evaluate the influence of bonding procedure. After the enamel surfaces of extracted human maxillary incisors were pretreated with the five adhesive systems, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the effects of pretreatment on enamel. Additionally, the shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded with the five adhesives was measured (n=6). SEM observation revealed different etching patterns on the enamel surface after pretreatment. As for shear bond strength, no statistically significant differences were observed among the five different adhesives (p>0.05). It was found that self-etching primers and polyacrylic acid produced a less aggressive etching pattern than phosphoric acid. Nonetheless, all the five adhesive systems provided acceptable bond strength and attachment of orthodontic brackets.
Comparative analysis of human ex vivo–generated platelets vs megakaryocyte-generated platelets in mice: a cautionary tale (2015)

Thrombopoiesis is the process by which megakaryocytes release platelets that circulate as uniform small, disc-shaped anucleate cytoplasmic fragments with critical roles in hemostasis and related biology. The exact mechanism of thrombopoiesis and the maturation pathways of platelets released into the circulation remain incompletely understood. We showed that ex vivo-generated murine megakaryocytes infused into mice release platelets within the pulmonary vasculature. Here we now show that infused human megakaryocytes also release platelets within the lungs of recipient mice. In addition, we observed a population of platelet-like particles (PLPs) in the infusate, which include platelets released during ex vivo growth conditions. By comparing these 2 platelet populations to human donor platelets, we found marked differences: platelets derived from infused megakaryocytes closely resembled infused donor platelets in morphology, size, and function. On the other hand, the PLP was a mixture of nonplatelet cellular fragments and nonuniform-sized, preactivated platelets mostly lacking surface CD42b that were rapidly cleared by macrophages. These data raise a cautionary note for the clinical use of human platelets released under standard ex vivo conditions. In contrast, human platelets released by intrapulmonary-entrapped megakaryocytes appear more physiologic in nature and nearly comparable to donor platelets for clinical application.
Thermotropic and Lyotropic Copolymers of Bis(Dioxyphenyl) Silanes (1993)

Abstract Novel inorganic polymers are synthesized from two-component and three-component solutions of bis(1,2-dioxyphenyl) silane, bis(4-t-butyl-1,2-dioxyphenyl) silane and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (hydroquinone). Molecular modeling predicts that these polymers have extended, linear conformations. Thermotropic nematic liquid crystalline phases are identified by transmitted polarized light microscopy. Additionally, lyotropic nematic phases are formed by polymers dissolved in xylene. Further characterization by diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry is described.
Intrusion detection system for RPL from routing choice intrusion (2015)

RPL is specifically designed for Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). With the expansion of LLNs applications, security of RPL becomes one of the major concerns. This paper mainly addresses the security aspect of RPL. We first analyze the vulnerability of RPL self-organising properties, and identify a new RPL internal intrusion, named routing choice (RC) intrusion. We specially analyze the harm of a type RC intrusion in RPL using ETX metric, which further validates the effectiveness of our work. Second, we design IDSs for RPL to defense intrusions. Our design discusses detection methodologies, system architectures, detection data and intrusion respose with some promotions. To satisfy the energy efficiency requirements, we propose three type Monitor Nodes (MNs) devices for different RPL applications. To explicitly show the design of IDSs, we apply our IDS to defense the type of RC intrusion in RPL using ETX metric on Contiki OS, and the results verify the effectiveness of our IDSs. Finally, we theoretically analyzed the applicability of IDSs for RPL.
Profile inversion of simple plasmas and nonuniform regions: Three-pole reflection coefficient (1976)

A mathematical method for the reconstruction of the electron density profile <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N(x)</tex> for an inhomogeneous, stratified, simple plasma is presented. If the reflection coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r(k)</tex> of the incident probing electromagnetic wave is approximated by a third-order rational approximation, then profiles can be obtained which are similar to profiles obtained from simulated VHF satellite tracking data. The method is based upon the solution of the fundamental integral equation of inverse scattering (Gelfand-Levitan) theory. Using this theory it is possible to obtain an analytical expression for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N(x)</tex> as a function of distance <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> in the plasma if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r(k)</tex> is a rational function of the wave number <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> . The integral equation is solved by the Laplace transform technique and checked by the differential operator technique. The method is exact once the functional form of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r(k)</tex> is determined. Thus this analysis can supplement information about profiles which are obtained from calculations based on the WKB approximation (which approximation can also be applied to calculate the local wave impedance <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W(x)</tex> for propagation in nonuniform regions). The functional characteristics of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N(x)</tex> depend on the pole positions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r(k)</tex> in the complex <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> plane. By calculating the variations in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N(x)</tex> due to variations in these pole positions, it is possible to set a finite error bound on the profile of the electron density if the error bound in the rational approximation to the reflection coefficient is known.
Optimizing Parallel Programs for Hardware Implementation (2002)

This paper describes an approach for optimizing hardware designs produced from software languages extended with constructs for parallel execution and hardware processing, such as the Handel-C language. Our aim is to optimize these programs by applying transformations that include the appropriate amount of parallelism, in order to obtain the best trade-offs in space and in time. These transformations can be applied automatically at compile time, enabling the programmer to adapt parallel programs rapidly to a specific hardware platform. Our transformational approach, which involves design sequentialisation and parallelisation, contains two novel features. First, we develop an algorithm for sequentialising parallel programs. This algorithm relaxes the scheduling of the original design, giving a scheduler the freedom to arrange it to achieve better results in speed, in size, or in both. Second, we combine this sequentialisation algorithm with pipeline vectorization, a technique known to reduce the execution delay of loops by pipelining the loop body. We adapt several transformation techniques used in vectorizing and parallelizing software compilers, such as loop unrolling and loop tiling, to widen the applicability of our method. Results show that our approach often works well: for instance a manually pipelined convolution design, for implementation in a Xilinx XC4000 device produced from a Handel-C description, is speeded up by over 2 times by our prototype compiler.
Artificial Intelligence in XPRIZE DeepQ Tricorder (2017)

The DeepQ tricorder device developed by HTC from 2013 to 2016 was entered in the Qualcomm Tricorder XPRIZE competition and awarded the second prize in April 2017. This paper presents DeepQ»s three modules powered by artificial intelligence: symptom checker, optical sense, and vital sense. We depict both their initial design and ongoing enhancements.
Etiopathogenesis of the rheumatoid arthritis–like disease in MRL/1 mice. I. The histomorphologic basis of joint destruction (1985)

MRL/l mice spontaneously develop a hindlimb arthropathy, as well as a number of immunologic abnormalities, including circulating rheumatoid factors. Although previous studies have suggested that this arthropathy is primarily an inflammatory process, we performed a comprehensive histomorphologic study which indicated that inflammation is a late manifestation of MRL/l arthritis. The pathologic changes that occur in the joints of these mice can be divided into 3 stages. The first stage develops between the ages of 7 and 13 weeks and consists of synovial cell proliferation in the joint recesses. The second stage is characterized by continued proliferation of synovial cells which take on an appearance similar to that of transformed mesenchymal cells. The earliest destructive changes occur in the second stage and include marginal erosions, followed soon after by progressive destruction of articular and meniscal cartilage. The final stage is characterized by a diminution of synovial cel proliferation, extensive cartilage destruction, formation of scar tissue and fibrocartilage, and a very moderate infiltration of the synovial stroma by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells. Throughout the disease progression there is a striking dissociation between inflammatory cell infiltration or exudation and tissue destruction. The histomorphologic similarities between human rheumatoid synovitis and the arthritis of MRL/l mice, as well as the presence of rheumatoid factors, make this mouse strain an excellent model for studying human rheumatoid arthritis.
0977 Engagement in Collegiate Sleep Health Education: A Matter of Timing (2019)

Sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene are common among college students. These modifiable factors contribute to adverse mental health, physical health, and academic performance. Sleep health education has been shown to change behavior, improve sleep quality, and reduce the risk of depression. We sought to compare methods of delivering sleep health education to determine which approach optimizes engagement of the student population. A 45-minute, interactive, online sleep health education program (Sleep 101) was developed to provide college students with a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which sleep impacts health, mood, performance, and safety. The education also included strategies to optimize sleep during college. We provided the online, interactive sleep health education to three separate student groups using different approaches: 1) a mid-semester voluntary activity encouraged with a monetary incentive [$10 for completion of the sleep health education module] (MSV$) for upper-class undergraduate students, promoted through in-person solicitations outside campus dining areas, newsletter notices and emailed invitations; 2) a pre-matriculation (PMA) activity with a deadline and implied requirement for first-year undergraduate students; or 3) a mid-semester assigned (MSA) activity with a deadline and implied requirement for upper-class undergraduate students. Students were allowed 2 weeks to complete the online sleep health education after it was assigned by the Dean’s office. We compared participation rates for each method using descriptive statistics. The MSV$, PMA and MSA methods yielded a 4% (17 of 391), 90% (1,500 of 1,688) and 25% (1,238 of 5,025) completion rate, respectively. The pre-matriculation assigned method for distribution of an undergraduate sleep health education program resulted in the highest engagement. Colleges should consider including sleep health education as a component of assigned pre-matriculation education, as is common for other student health concerns. Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, NIH R01-GM-105018,K24-HL-105664 (EBK).
Pour une étude de la mobilité géographique des activités industrielles en France (1973)

Fischer André. Pour une étude de la mobilité géographique des activités industrielles en France. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 82, n°449, 1973. pp. 93-101.
Towards an anti-disease malaria vaccine (2017)

Human infective parasites, such as those that cause malaria, are highly adapted to evade clearance by the immune system. In situations where they must maintain prolonged interactions with molecules of their host, they often use parasite surface protein families. These families are highly diverse to prevent immune recognition, and yet, to promote parasite survival, their members must retain the ability to interact with specific human receptors. One of the best understood of the parasite surface protein families is the PfEMP1 proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. These molecules cause infected erythrocytes to adhere to human receptors found on blood vessel and tissue surfaces. This protects the parasite within from clearance by the spleen and also causes symptoms of severe malaria. The PfEMP1 are exposed to the immune system during infection and are therefore excellent vaccine candidates for use in an approach to prevent severe disease. A key question, however, is whether their extensive diversity precludes them from forming components of the malaria vaccines of the future?
Labeling a Hydrazino Nicotinamide-Modified Cyclic IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist with 99mTc Using Aminocarboxylates as Coligands (1996)

A series of 99mTc complexes containing a hydrazinonicotinamide-conjugated cyclic IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, cyclo(D-Val-NMeArg-Gly-Asp-Mamb-(hydrazinonicotinyl-5- (6-aminocaproic acid))), were synthesized in high yield using tricine or other aminocarboxylates as coligands. These 99mTc complexes have the potential to be used as thrombus imaging agents. The radiolabeling of the HYNIC-conjugated cyclic IIb/IIIa peptide (HYNICtide) was carried out by reaction with pertechnetate in the presence of excess tricine and stannous chloride at pH 4-5. The reaction time and temperature depend on the amount of the HYNICtide and pertechnetate used for the radiolabeling. Very high specific activity (> or = 20,000 mCi/mumol) can be achieved for the complex [99mTc(HYNICtide)(tricine)2] without postlabeling purification. The complex [99mTc(HYNICtide)(tricine)2] was found by two reversed phase HPLC methods to exist as multiple species, some of which interconvert, depending on the temperature, reaction time, and pH of the reaction mixture. The presence of these multiple species is most likely due to different bonding modalities of either the hydrazine moiety of the HYNICtide or the two tricine coligands. The complex [99mTc(HYNICtide)(EDDA)] (EDDA = ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) was prepared either by reacting the cyclic IIb/IIIa HYNICtide with pertechnetate, excess EDDA, and stannous chloride at pH 4-5 and 75 degrees C for 30 min or by reacting excess EDDA with [99mTc(HYNICtide)(tricine)2]. The complex [99mTc(HYNICtide)(EDDA)] was found to be stable for at least 12 h in the reaction mixture. Three major species were detected in the radio-HPLC chromatograms, presumably due to the more limited number of possible coordination isomers. Similar results were obtained using other polydentate aminocarboxylates (such as HEDTA, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid) as coligands. It is clear that the replacement of tricine by other polydentate aminocarboxylates produces 99mTc-HYNICtide complexes with higher stability and fewer coordination isomers.