gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural applications of bamboo (2008)

This experimental study to determine the structural application of Malaysian bamboo is divided into three main parts, namely a study on the physical and mechanical properties of three selected species of bamboo, testing of four types of bamboo connectors in king-post trusses and two mono-pitch trusses for buildinqs, Of the four bamboo connectors tested it was found that the bolted plywood bamboo connector showed better strength results, The other types of bamboo connectors tested suffered considerable slip at the joints. The monopitch bamboo truss is of sufficient strength to be utilized for house construction. A spacing of up to two metres could be used it the trusses are to carry a corrugated asbestos roof over a span of 4.5 metres.
High Repetition Rate Pseudo-Spark Switches For Laser Applications (1987)

A new switch for laser applications is described. Experiments are reported wherein it is shown that according to voltage operation range, switching precision, trigger efficiency, voltage reversal, and recovery time the pseudo-spark switch is superior to high pressure spark gap switches and comparable to thyratrons. Several pseudo-spark trigger methods are presented. The discharge can be initiated by a dielectric surface breakdown trigger. A dif ferent trigger method is based on a pulseslilL low-current gas discharge, which has practically unlimited lifetime and allows repitition rates up to 100 kHz. Several modifications of switches triggered in this manner have been tested in different types of gas lasers (copper va pour, N<sub>2</sub>-laser), which are normally driven by thyratrons or high-pressure spark gap switches, respectively.
Data-driven model order reduction via Loewner approach for fast frequency sweep in hybrid BI-FEM solution in large finite frequency selective surfaces (2017)

A data-driven model order reduction technique for fast frequency sweep in computationally intensive full-wave solution in large finite frequency selective surfaces is detailed. A hybrid Boundary Integral-Finite Element Domain Decomposition Method is addressed to accurately predict the electromagnetic behavior of these structures. A reduced-order model is built up by means of output data provided by the electromagnetic solver, which is used as a black box as regards the model order reduction process. A Loewner matrix approach is taken into account to provide a tangential interpolation to S parameter output data. As a result, a dynamical system representation fitting the simulation data is obtained, and further electromagnetic insight can be earned from this system representation.
The Expression of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 is Correlated with Tumor Invasion of Human Colorectal Cancer (2017)

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors expressed mainly in phagocytic leukocytes. High expression of FPRs has also been detected in several cancers but the functions of FPR1 in tumor invasion and metastasis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of FPRs in primary human colorectal cancer (CRC) and analyzed the association of FPRs expression with clinicopathological parameters. The levels of FPRs mRNA, especially those of FPR1, were significantly higher in colorectal tumors than in distant normal tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. FPR1 mRNA expression was also associated with tumor serosal infiltration. FPR1 protein expression was both in the colorectal epitheliums and tumor infiltrating neutrophils/macrophages. Furthermore, the functions of FPR1 in tumor invasion and tissue repair were investigated using the CRC cell lines SW480 and HT29. Higher cell surface expression of FPR1 is associated with significantly increased migration in SW480 cells compared with HT29 cells that have less FPR1 membrane expression. Finally, genetic deletion of fpr1 increased the survival rate of the resulting knockout mice compared with wild type littermates in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Our data demonstrate that FPR1 may play an important role in tumor cell invasion in CRC patients.
A Markovian Decision Process (1957)

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to discuss the asymptotic behavior of the sequence (f sub n(i)) generated by a nonlinear recurrence relation. This problem arises in connection with an equipment replacement problem, cf. S. Dreyfus, A Note on an Industrial Replacement Process.
On the Residence Time Distribution and Mixing Characteristics of Powders in Open-Circuit Ball Mill (1964)

Applying the method of process dynamics, we proposed here a new method of analysis on open circuit ball milling.We measured the delta responses of mixing of powders, using a pilot plant scale ball and a laboratory scale ball mill, changing factors of which were screen plate, ball size, ball fillingness, rate of feed and mill speed as shown in Table 1.While grinding limestone, a small quantity of tracer (copper sulfate powder) was thrown instantaneously from the mill inlet and the tracer concentration in the product discharged from the mill outlet was measured.The change of tracer concentration (delta response) was found to be represented well by logarithmic -normal distribution as follows:And also, using a diffusion-type model, the following theoretical formula was derived.By means of standard deviation δ and mixing coefficient E in the above formulas, the degree of mixing in mill is evaluated quantitatively, as shown in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5.
A Novel Start-Up Technique for Time-Based Boost Converters with Seamless PFM/PWM Transition (2020)

Time-based techniques are proven to reduce the area of the compensation networks of DC-DC converters when compared to their voltage mode counterparts. To maximize the converter efficiency both at heavy and light load, the converter controller also needs to seamlessly switch from a PWM to a PFM control. While buck converters are inherently stable during start-up, boost converters might enter a latched-up state and thus require a dedicated start-up controller, which often makes use of bulky components increasing the overall area. To overcome this issue, we present a start-up mechanism for time-based boost converters. The proposed solution makes use of the time-based feedback loop and seamless PFM/PWM transition circuit to implement the start-up functionality without requiring any extra circuitry or off-chip components.
A real-time optical 3D tracker for head-mounted display systems (1990)

In this paper, a new optical system for real-time, three-dimensional position tracking is described. This system adopts an "inside-out" tracking paradigm. The working environment is a room where the ceiling is lined with a regular pattern of infrared LEDs flashing under the system's control. Three cameras are mounted on a helmet which the user wears. Each camera uses a lateral effect photodiode as the recording surface. The 2D positions of the LED images inside the field of view of the cameras are detected and reported in real time. The measured 2D image positions and the known 3D positions of the LEDs are used to compute the position and orientation of the camera assembly in space.We have designed an iterative algorithm to estimate the 3D position of the camera assembly in space. The algorithm is a generalized version of the Church's method, and allows for multiple cameras with nonconvergent nodal points. Several equations are formulated to predict the system's error analytically. The requirements of accuracy, speed, adequate working volume, light weight and small size of the tracker are also addressed.A prototype was designed and built to demonstrate the integration and coordination of all essential components of the new tracker. This prototype uses off-the-shelf components and can be easily duplicated. Our results indicate that the new system significantly out-performs other existing systems. The new tracker provides more than 200 updates per second, registers 0.1-degree rotational movements and 2-millimeter translational movements, and processes a working volume about 1,000 ft3 (10 ft on each side).
Label-Free and High-Throughput Detection of Biomolecular Interactions Using a Flatbed Scanner Biosensor (2017)

Fluorescence based microarray detection systems provide sensitive measurements; however, variation of probe immobilization and poor repeatability negatively affect the final readout, and thus quantification capability of these systems. Here, we demonstrate a label-free and high-throughput optical biosensor that can be utilized for calibration of fluorescence microarrays. The sensor employs a commercial flatbed scanner, and we demonstrate transformation of this low cost (∼100 USD) system into an Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor through hardware and software modifications. Using this sensor, we report detection of DNA hybridization and DNA directed antibody immobilization on label-free microarrays with a noise floor of ∼30 pg/mm<sup>2</sup>, and a scan speed of 5 s (50 s for 10 frames averaged) for a 2 mm × 2 mm area. This novel system may be used as a standalone label-free sensor especially in low-resource settings, as well as for quality control and calibration of microarrays in existing fluorescence-based DNA and protein detection platforms.
La grotte de Cervantès (1912)

Besson , Klein Henri. La grotte de Cervantès . In: Les Feuillets d'El-Djezaïr, volume 4, 1912. Visites et excursions des années 1910 et 1911 – Articles divers. p. 1.
Chromosome 17 loss-of-heterozygosity studies in benign and malignant tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1 (2000)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant condition characterized by benign tumor (neurofibroma) growth and increased risk of malignancy. Dermal neurofibromas, arising from superficial nerves, are primarily of cosmetic significance, whereas plexiform neurofibromas, typically larger and associated with deeply placed nerves, extend into contiguous tissues and may cause serious functional impairment. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) seem to arise from plexiform neurofibromas. The NF1 gene, on chromosome segment 17q11.2, encodes a protein that has tumor suppressor function. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for NF1 has been reported in some neurofibromas and NF1 malignancies, but plexiform tumors have been poorly represented. Also, the studies did not always employ the same markers, preventing simple comparison of the frequency and extent of LOH among different tumor types. Our chromosome 17 LOH analysis in a cohort of three tumor types was positive for NF1 allele loss in 2/15 (13%) dermal neurofibromas, 4/10 (40%) plexiform neurofibromas, and 3/5 (60%) MPNSTs. Although the region of loss varied, the p arm (including TP53) was lost only in malignant tumors. The losses in the plexiform tumors all included sequences distal to NF1. No subtle TP53 mutations were found in any tumors. This study also reports the identification of both NF1 "hits" in plexiform tumors, further supporting the tumor suppressor role of the NF1 gene in this tumor type.
Radiation Health, Safety, and Protection, 2nd Edition (2016)

Appropriate for all dental professionals, this basic-level course outlines radiation risk, effects, procedures, and best practices to reduce radiation exposure to the dental patient.
Hydrolysis of semi‐industrial aqueous extracted xylan from birch ( Betula pendula ) employing commercial catalysts: kinetics and modelling (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Acidic hydrolysis of a birch ( Betula pendula ) xylan produced by a novel semi‐industrial‐scale aqueous‐based and highly sustainable method was studied in a batch reactor. Five commercial acidic heterogeneous catalysts were screened and significant differences in their performance were observed. Dowex 50WX2‐100 was selected for further studies and the influence of the reaction parameters, including stirring speed, pH (0.5–1.5), temperature (115–145 °C) and catalyst particle size (50–400 mesh) were studied. The goal was to maximize xylose yield by balancing between the kinetics of hydrolysis and the undesired degradation of monosaccharides. RESULTS The results show that the maximum achieved yield of xylose was 76%, but higher yields were hindered by the consecutive dehydration of sugars. It was also observed that the hydrolysis and dehydration reactions do not follow the same dependence on the experimental parameters, which leaves room for optimization of the yield. A kinetic model was developed based on the data, which takes into account the consecutive reaction pathway and the influence of the experimental conditions, and a very good fit of the model to the experimental data was achieved. An activation energy of 119 and 88 kJ mol –1 was obtained for the hydrolysis and dehydration steps, respectively. CONCLUSION Hydrolysis results of this novel, well‐characterized hemicellulose extract have not been published previously, and they contribute significantly to the understanding of the hydrolysis and dehydration of real feedstock, instead of highly purified and typically very deacetylated model compounds with different characteristics and behaviour in hydrolysis. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Failure surfaces in principal stress space (1971)

Abstract Criteria for failure in multiaxial states of stress have associated with them geometrical representations as surfaces in principal stress space. Any combination of stresses is safe if the corresponding point in principal stress space falls within the failure surface. The material will fail if the point lies on or outside of the surface. The geometry of some simple surfaces and means for determining them on isotropic bodies are discussed, and the scanty information on failure surfaces for polymeric materials is reviewed.
Presurgical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indicators of Revascularization Response in Adults With Moyamoya Vasculopathy (2022)

1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 4.
Acquiring Accurate Reservoir Data During TCP To Maximize Oil Production and Increase ESP Run Life (2018)

Abstract Impulse testing using a simple drillstem testing (DST) or tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) string is reinvigorated by employing a bidirectional wireless acoustic telemetry system. Paired with enhanced-functionality downhole test tools, the innovative approach reduces the cost of testing while providing critical data for completion design, reservoir monitoring and electric submersible pump (ESP) sizing. Over 46% of all the reported premature pump failures today are associated with incorrect equipment selection and pump sizing. It is mainly due to a lack of reliable reservoir information and especially in new wells without any historical production data (Vandevier, 2010).Operating the pump outside its specified range due to incorrect sizing can cause either a severe downthrust or upthrust condition that results in premature wear of the pump stages and reduces the expected life. It is mainly associated with incorrect pump sizing due to a lack of reliable reservoir information. The oil industry has long sought improvements in performing reservoir characterisation and acquiring dynamic reservoir and well data necessary for ESP sizing, especially in new wells without historical production data. The proposed new methodology and a unique impulse testing technique allow acquiring reservoir data for proper pump sizing. The impulse testing is not a new concept that allows testing the wells using a simple DST or TCP strings with no flow of hydrocarbon at the surface. This allows the cost to be reduced in comparison with conventional DST operations or any other testing methods. A new impulse testing technique uses bi-directional wireless acoustic telemetry system to acquire real-time bottom hole pressure data and interface with remote-controllable new-generation downhole tools, such as a tester valve, circulating valve, firing head, or fluid sampler, to issue commands and verify tool status. The acquired data credibly represent reservoir pressure, fluid properties, and well inflow performance that can be used for proper pump sizing.
Latent Task Adaptation with Large-Scale Hierarchies (2013)

Recent years have witnessed the success of large-scale image classification systems that are able to identify objects among thousands of possible labels. However, it is yet unclear how general classifiers such as ones trained on Image Net can be optimally adapted to specific tasks, each of which only covers a semantically related subset of all the objects in the world. It is inefficient and sub optimal to retrain classifiers whenever a new task is given, and is inapplicable when tasks are not given explicitly, but implicitly specified as a set of image queries. In this paper we propose a novel probabilistic model that jointly identifies the underlying task and performs prediction with a linear-time probabilistic inference algorithm, given a set of query images from a latent task. We present efficient ways to estimate parameters for the model, and an open-source toolbox to train classifiers distributedly at a large scale. Empirical results based on the Image Net data showed significant performance increase over several baseline algorithms.
High-efficiency rotating point spread functions (2008)

Rotating point spread functions (PSFs) present invariant features that continuously rotate with defocus and are important in diverse applications such as computational imaging and atom/particle trapping. However, their transfer function efficiency is typically very low. We generate highly efficient rotating PSFs by tailoring the range of invariant rotation to the specific application. The PSF design involves an optimization procedure that applies constraints in the Gauss-Laguerre modal plane, the spatial domain, and the Fourier domain. We observed over thirty times improvement in transfer function efficiency. Experiments with a phase-only spatial light modulator demonstrate the potential of high-efficiency rotating PSFs.
Moving objects with 2D input devices in CAD systems and Desktop Virtual Environments (2005)

Part assembly and scene layout are basic tasks in 3D design in Desktop Virtual Environment (DVE) systems as well as Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems. 2D input devices such as a mouse or a stylus are still the most common input devices for such systems. With such devices, a notably difficult problem is to provide an efficient and predictable object motion in 3D based on their 2D motion. This paper presents a new technique to move objects in CAD/DVE using 2D input devices.The technique presented in this paper utilizes the fact that people easily recognize the depth-order of shapes based on occlusions. In the presented technique, the object position follows the mouse cursor position, while the object slides on various surfaces in the scene. In contrast to existing techniques, the movement surface and the relative object position is determined using the whole area of overlap of the moving object with the static scene. The resulting object movement is visually smooth and predictable, while avoiding undesirable collisions. The proposed technique makes use of the framebuffer for efficiency and runs in real-time. Finally, the evaluation of the new technique with a user study shows that it compares very favorably to conventional techniques.
Metabolic Dynamics of Ecosystems Realizing Steady Log-Uniform Distributions: The Case of Commodities in Shops (2020)

From the viewpoint of statistical physics, ecosystems in the real world are very attractive targets of research as examples of far-from thermal equilibrium systems where various kinds of components are coming in and out continuously while keeping the whole systems quasi-stationary. As a fortunate example of a fully-observable ecosystem, we analyzed the comprehensive data of convenience stores where approximately 5% of the commodity species is replaced by new ones daily. The share of stores for each species fluctuates significantly; however, the entire distribution of shares is fairly stationary and follows the log-uniform distribution, that is, the power law distribution with exponent 0. We introduce an empirical time evolution model of shares and firstly deduce that the key mechanism of realizing this stationary distribution is random multiplicative diffusion in finite size spaces. Our model based on the general stochastic process is expected to be applicable to various dynamic systems, especially complex systems with highly nonlinear interactions.
INHIBITION OF DIHYDROOROTATE DEHYDROGENASE (DHODH) IS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY THE MALONONITRILAMIDES (MNAs) IN VIVO (1998)

102 Leflunomide (LFM) and its MNA analogs, HMR1279 and HMR1715, are effective in various experimental models of allo and xenotransplantation. Our study is the first to show that the in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative and immunosuppressive effects of MNAs (A77 1726 [active metabolite of LFM], HMR1279, and HMR1715) are caused by inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Methods: The antiproliferative effects of MNAs were measured using an optimized whole blood, Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation assay. DHODH activity was assessed histochemically in frozen tissue sections. The immunosuppressive effects of MNAs were assessed using the mouse ear heart transplant model (BALB/c to C3H/km). Results: MNAs concentration-dependently inhibited lymphocyte proliferation when added in vitro to whole blood samples (A77 1726, IC50%=7.2 mM; HMR1279, IC50%=60 mM; HMR1715, IC50%=100 mM) or when administered to Lewis rats (A77 1726, IC50%=6.7 mM; HMR1279, IC50%=37.1 mM; HMR1715, IC50%=91.2 mM). Uridine concentration-dependently reversed the antiproliferative effects of MNAs when added in vitro to whole blood samples(0-2 mM) or when administered to Lewis rats (0.5 to 1 g/kg/dose IP). DHODH and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were detected in kidney, liver, and intestinal tissue sections from normal C3H/km mice. DHODH, but not SDH activity, was inhibited by in vitro addition of 10 µM of A77 1726, HMR1279, or HMR1715. Csa (1 µM) had no effect on either enzyme. DHODH activity was also detected in lymphocytes infiltrating rejecting mouse heterotopic heart grafts (BALB/c to C57) removed on day 6 from untreated mice. Treatment with LFM (20 mg/kg), HMR1279 (40 mg/kg), or HMR1715 (20 mg/kg) from day 4 to 6 inhibited DHODH lymphocyte activity while CsA (25 mg/kg) had no effect. Administration of 20 mg/kg of LFM or HMR1715 starting at day 1 prolonged graft survival to 22.1±3.8 (n=8) and 23.3±3.9 (n=4) days, respectively, compared to nontreated mice (9.8±1, n=9, p<0.001). Coadministration of uridine (3 g/kg tid) with LFM (20 mg/kg) or HMR1715 (20 mg/kg) reduced graft survival significant to 12±2.5 (n=12) and 14.2±1.4 (n=5) days, respectively, compared with LFM (20 mg/kg) or HMR1715 (20 mg/kg) monotherapy (p<0.001). Administration of FK506 alone(0.6 mg/kg, n=5) or in combination with uridine (n=5) produced similar prolongations of graft survival (19.6±2.6 vs. 18±1.4 days, p>0.05). Conclusions: (1) Uridine supplementation antagonized both the in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative effects of MNAs, (2) DHODH activity in tissues and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes was specifically inhibited by MNAs, (3) In vivo uridine treatment abrogated prolongation of heart allograft survival by LFM and HMR1715, but not by FK506. These are the first studies to define the in vivo mechanism of immunosuppressive action for xenobiotic drugs. Research funded by Hoechst-Marion-Roussel, Milton Keynes, UK.