gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Order and Chaos in Figure Skating (2018)

We derive and analyze a three dimensional model of a figure skater. We model the skater as a three-dimensional body moving in space subject to a non-holonomic constraint enforcing movement along the skate's direction and holonomic constraints of continuous contact with ice and pitch constancy of the skate. For a static (non-articulated) skater, we show that the system is integrable if and only if the projection of the center of mass on skate's direction coincides with the contact point with ice and some mild (and realistic) assumptions on the directions of inertia's axes. The integrability is proved by showing the existence of two new constants of motion linear in momenta, providing a new and highly nontrivial example of an integrable non-holonomic mechanical system. We also consider the case when the projection of the center of mass on skate's direction does not coincide with the contact point and show that this non-integrable case exhibits apparent chaotic behavior, by studying the divergence of nearby trajectories We also demonstrate the intricate behavior during the transition from the integrable to chaotic case. Our model shows many features of real-life skating, especially figure skating, and we conjecture that real-life skaters may intuitively use the discovered mechanical properties of the system for the control of the performance on ice.
Neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 attenuates inflammatory cell trafficking during acute experimental colitis (2011)

The present study identifies a previously unrecognised role for netrin-1 in attenuating experimental colitis through limitation of neutrophil trafficking.
Calcineurin Plays Different Roles in Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor- and NMDA Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Depression (2002)

We investigated metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of 6- to 8-d-old [postnatal days 6-8 (P6-P8)] and 21- to 25-d-old (P21-P25) rats. In P6-P8 rats, induction of LTD depended on the activity of group II mGluRs. In P21-P25 rats, however, this LTD disappeared, and instead, NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTD appeared. A bath containing a specific calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor restored the group II mGluR-dependent LTD in the neurons of the P21-P25 rats. Although postsynaptic injection of CaN inhibitors suppressed NMDAR-dependent LTD, it did not affect induction of group II mGluR-dependent LTD. These results demonstrate that CaN plays different roles in the induction of two forms of LTD: presynaptic CaN inhibits group II mGluR-dependent LTD, whereas postsynaptic CaN facilitates NMDAR-dependent LTD. These findings are the first demonstration in vitro of group II mGluR-dependent LTD that is negatively regulated by CaN via an age-dependent mechanism.
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Dehydroascorbate MR Spectroscopy in a Murine Model of Prostate Cancer: Comparison with 18F-FDG PET (2013)

Both hyperpolarized (13)C-DHA and (18)F-FDG provide similar tumor contrast in the TRAMP model. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of in vivo hyperpolarized (13)C-DHA reduction and the resulting tumor contrast correlates most strongly with glutathione concentration. In the TRAMP model, GLUT1 is not significantly upregulated and is unlikely to account for the contrast obtained using hyperpolarized (13)C-DHA or (18)F-FDG.
MALDI-FTICR Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Drugs and Metabolites in Tissue (2008)

A new approach is described for imaging mass spectrometry analysis of drugs and metabolites in tissue using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR). The technique utilizes the high resolving power to produce images from thousands of ions measured during a single mass spectrometry (MS)-mode experiment. Accurate mass measurement provides molecular specificity for the ion images on the basis of elemental composition. Final structural confirmation of the targeted compound is made from accurate mass fragment ions generated in an external quadrupole-collision cell. The ability to image many small molecules in a single measurement with high specificity is a significant improvement over existing MS/MS based technologies. Example images are shown for olanzapine in kidney and liver and imatinib in glioma.
Taking Control of Prosthetic Arms (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CREB mediates the cAMP-responsiveness of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene: use of an antisense RNA strategy to produce CREB-deficient PC12 cell lines (1999)

cAMP initiates the PKA signaling cascade in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, resulting in transcriptional activation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene. This effect is mediated primarily through the cAMP responsive element (CRE), located at position -45 to -38 within the TH gene promoter. In this study, we applied an antisense RNA strategy to evaluate the role of the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) in regulating TH gene expression. CREB antisense RNA expression vectors were stably introduced into PC12 cells to generate cell lines deficient in CREB. CREB protein and mRNA levels were diminished up to 90% in the stably transfected cell lines. Promoter analysis experiments demonstrated that cAMP-mediated inducibility of either TH gene proximal promoter activity or the activity of the TH CRE by itself fused upstream of a basal promoter was diminished in CREB-deficient cell lines. PKA activity in the CREB-deficient cell lines was comparable to the activity in control cell lines. In addition, neither ATF1, nor CREM proteins were significantly down-regulated in the CREB-deficient cells. Most significantly, the cAMP-inducibility of endogenous TH mRNA was completely blocked in the CREB-deficient cells, indicating that the response of the endogenous gene to cAMP was dependent on CREB. These results support the hypothesis that CREB (not other CRE-binding proteins) is the key transcription factor that is required for regulating TH gene expression in response to cAMP. Furthermore, our studies indicate that these CREB-deficient PC12 cells are excellent tools to study the participation of CREB in gene regulation.
BRAF V600E mutation analysis increases diagnostic accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration biopsies (2009)

These data indicate that BRAF V600E mutation analysis can significantly improve FNAB diagnostic accuracy. However, biomolecular analysis is complementary to cytology, which should always be performed.
Concentration mapping—a software package for the quantitative determination of two‐dimensional elemental distribution by an electron probe microanalyser (1985)

Abstract Developments starting from known digital mapping techniques led to a powerful and versatile software package, Concentration Mapping (CM), the advantages of which over former programs are as follows: up to 18 elements can be measured; correction calculations can be applied to obtain quantitative results; additional information may be obtained by further data processing; several programs for special data readout, phase analysis and statistical calculations are available; a very efficient automation system makes extended investigations practicable in an economical manner. Some examples of applications are given to demonstrate the extensive information from CM investigations which could not be achieved easily with customary electron probe microanalysis systems.
Halogen–NH₂⁺ Interaction, Temperature-Induced Phase Transition, and Ordering in (NH₂CHNH₂)PbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Hybrid Perovskites (2020)

Hybrid organic–inorganic FAPbX₃ perovskites (FA = NH₂CHNH₂⁺, X = Cl–, Br–, I–) are currently intensively investigated in solar cells. In this study, off-resonance Raman and far-IR absorption spectra of all single-halogen FAPbX₃, as well as of mixed-halogen FAPbBr₂X derivatives, are reported and analyzed. Vibrations of the PbX₆ octahedra and librations of the FA cation lay at frequencies below 250 cm–¹, while external and internal FA bands are identified above 200 cm–¹. An increase in the frequencies of most vibrational bands is observed upon substituting lighter and more electronegative halides for heavier ones due to strengthening of the electrostatic interaction between X– and the FA NH₂⁺ groups. Variable-temperature Raman measurements are also carried out for FAPbBr₃ and FAPbCl₃ in the 77–400 K range. Upon cooling, the three Pb–X Raman vibrations of the cubic structure, split into eight separate bands, signaling the transformation to the tetragonal phase at ∼240 K and ∼200 K for FAPbBr₃ and FAPbCl₃, respectively. At even lower temperatures, a successive phase transformation to low symmetry orthorhombic phases is evidenced. These temperature-induced effects are accompanied by intense narrowing, soft-mode behavior, and/or sudden frequency shift of specific Raman bands, attributed to ordering of the FA cation.
Digital predistortion linearizer for multicarrier spread spectrum (2003)

This paper analyzes an OFDM-CDMA system with a digital predistortion linearizer. Digital predistortion was the linearizer of choice since it has no stability problems with wideband signals and can be implemented as a fully adaptive digital solution which lends itself to operation not only in the base station but in a mobile unit as well. Results show that for this particular amplifier, a 3 to 4 dB improvement in output back off is achieved with a corresponding increase in amplifier efficiency of about 25 to 30%. This was achieved with equal or improved bit error rate performance with respect to the nonlinear case.
TFTR prototype electrostatic-calorimeter probe head (1983)

Power loading of the limiters in TFTR is a major concern because of problems of impurity generation and thermal stresses. To diagnose this edge plasma we have prepared a prototype electrostatic-calorimeter probe and tested it on the PDX and PLT tokamaks. The probe provides time-resolved measurements of heat flux Q and Langmuir (I–V) characteristics on each of its opposing active elements. The present design, employing carbon shields and tantalum elements, is able to withstand ≊5 kW/cm2 for ≊10 ms or 1 kW/cm2 for 500 ms and provides 5–10 ms time resolution of heat flux. This allows simultaneous estimation of time-resolved radial profiles of ne, Te, and Ti. By fitting the probe with narrow slit apertures and rotating the probe head, the device provides discrimination between particles having different values of Larmor radius and/or ratios of perpendicular to parallel velocities. Calculations required to interpret the results of probe head rotation are also discussed. This information is of interest in the study of fast ion losses during neutral beam, ICRF, and LH auxiliary heating.
Plug-and-Play Model Predictive Control for Load Shaping and Voltage Control in Smart Grids (2017)

This paper presents a predictive controller for handling plug-and-play charging requests of flexible loads in a distribution system. Two types of flexible loads are defined: (1) deferrable loads that have a fixed power profile but can be deferred in time and (2) shapeable loads that have flexible power profiles but fixed energy requests, such as plug-in electric vehicles. The proposed method uses a hierarchical control scheme based on a model predictive control formulation for minimizing the global system cost. The first stage computes a reachable reference that trades off deviation from the nominal voltage with the required generation control. The second stage uses a price-based objective to aggregate flexible loads and provide load shaping services, while satisfying system constraints and users' preferences at all times. It is shown that the proposed controller is recursively feasible under specific conditions, i.e., the flexible load demands are satisfied and bus voltages remain within the desired limits. Finally, the proposed scheme is illustrated on a 55 bus radial distribution network.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON TROPON MIT QUADRICYCLEN UND QUADRICYCLEN‐2,3‐DICARBONSAEUREDIMETHYLESTER, BEISPIELE FUER EINE (PI(6+)SIGMA(2+)SIGMA(2))‐CYCLOADDITION IN KONKURRENZ MIT RADIKALISCHEN ADDITIONEN (1972)

Abstract Tropon (I) reagiert mit Quadricyclen (IIa) bzw. gemäß der zweiten Arbeit mit dem entsprechenden Dicarbonester (IIb) zu den Addukten (IIIa) und (IIIb) sowie über eine Isomeiisierung zu den Norbornadienen (Va) und (Vb).
The mechanical properties of polymer–colloid hybrid hydrogels (2017)

The incorporation of monodisperse colloidal particles in hydrogels is a promising approach to create hybrid gels with unique structural, mechanical and functional properties. However, the colloidal structure formation within the hydrogels often remains uncontrolled, leaving behind possible mechanically synergetic effects of the polymeric and the colloidal system. Here we show that colloidal structure formation within the hybrid gels has a significant influence on the elasticity and toughness of the hybrid gels. We combine a polyacrylamide hydrogel with DNA coated colloids (DNAcc), where structure formation can be triggered independently at different points in time. Consequently, we are able to create hybrid gels that are composed of the same components, but do differ in explicit colloidal structure. While monodisperse colloids enhance the storage modulus of the gels, the yield strain is simultaneously drastically reduced. The toughness of these brittle hybrid gels is rescued by colloidal structure formation at higher polyacrylamide concentrations. The toughness is increased at lower polyacrylamide concentrations. We show that the toughness of the hydrogels at 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide and 4% (v/v) DNAcc can be increased by a factor of approx. 35, indicating that control over colloidal structure formation yields access to significant synergetic effects in polymer-colloid hybrid gels.
Evaluation of number‐average molecular weight of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) irradiated with γ rays (1981)

Abstract The number‐average molecular weight of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) irradiated from a 60 Co source in air at room temperature has been estimated from the experimental results of tensile creep measurements and electron microscopy. The viscoelastic method which makes use of the maximum relaxation time was used for samples with low radiation doses. The mean chain length of highly irradiated samples, which can form fully extended chain crystals upon crystallization from the melt, was obtained from the bandwidth distribution on micrographs of the fracture surfaces. The dependence of the average molecular weight on the radiation dose is derived on the basis of a statistical treatment in which effects of cages in the process of chain scission and of molecules evolved out of the specimen, together with random decomposition of polymer backbone chains, are considered. Good agreement between the experimental and calculated results is attained over a wide range of radiation doses.
ChemInform Abstract: Competition Between Peroxy Acid Oxygens as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors in B3LYP Transition Structures for Epoxidations of Allylic Alcohols with Peroxyformic Acid. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Murine Antibody Responses to Cleaved Soluble HIV-1 Envelope Trimers Are Highly Restricted in Specificity (2015)

Human HIV vaccine efficacy trials have not generated meaningful neutralizing antibodies to circulating HIV strains. One possible hindrance has been the lack of immunogens that properly mimic the native conformation of the HIV envelope trimer protein. Here, we tested the first generation of soluble, native-like envelope trimer immunogens in a conventional mouse model. We attempted to generate neutralizing antibodies to neutralization-resistant circulating HIV strains. Various vaccine strategies failed to induce neutralizing antibodies to a neutralization-resistant HIV strain. Further analysis revealed that mouse antibodies targeted areas near the bottom of the soluble envelope trimers. These areas are not easily accessible on the HIV virion due to occlusion by the viral membrane and may have resulted from an absence of glycan shielding. Our results suggest that obscuring the bottom of soluble envelope trimers is a useful strategy to reduce antibody responses to epitopes that are not useful for virus neutralization.
KiRNet: Kinase-centered network propagation of pharmacological screen results (2021)

The ever-increasing size and scale of biological information have popularized network-based approaches as a means to interpret these data. We develop a network propagation method that integrates kinase-inhibitor-focused functional screens with known protein-protein interactions (PPIs). This method, dubbed KiRNet, uses an a <i>priori</i> edge-weighting strategy based on node degree to establish a pipeline from a kinase inhibitor screen to the generation of a predictive PPI subnetwork. We apply KiRNet to uncover molecular regulators of mesenchymal cancer cells driven by overexpression of Frizzled 2 (FZD2). KiRNet produces a network model consisting of 166 high-value proteins. These proteins exhibit FZD2-dependent differential phosphorylation, and genetic knockdown studies validate their role in maintaining a mesenchymal cell state. Finally, analysis of clinical data shows that mesenchymal tumors exhibit significantly higher average expression of the 166 corresponding genes than epithelial tumors for nine different cancer types.
Dolutegravir and lamivudine maintenance therapy in HIV-1 virologically suppressed patients: results of the ANRS 167 trial (LAMIDOL) (2018)

Dolutegravir+lamivudine is a promising maintenance therapy in HIV-1-infected patients with controlled virological suppression.
A study on the mechanism of action of sceptrin, an antimicrobial agent isolated from the South Pacific sponge Agelas mauritiana (1993)

The mechanism of action of sceptrin, an antimicrobial agent isolated from the sponge Agelas mauritiana, was investigated. Sceptrin has been reported to exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities. In our studies, sceptrin demonstrated a bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effect on exponentially growing Escherichia coli cells at the MIC. Under these conditions, the culture produced chains of cells, and incorporation of radio-labelled precursors into DNA, protein, and cell wall was unaffected, whereas incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA was slightly inhibited. At concentrations higher than the MIC, sceptrin was bactericidal, inhibited the incorporation of all radiolabelled precursors, and induced the formation of unusual spheroplasts. Peptidoglycan turnover in E. coli appeared to be stimulated by sceptrin as demonstrated by a release of diaminopimelic acid-containing high molecular weight material. Subsequent studies of the release of potassium ions from E. coli and the lysis of red blood cells suggested that sceptrin disrupts the cell membranes of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is proposed that spheroplasts formation may reflect a cell wall effect that occurs subsequent to membrane damage.
Real-world performance of hearing protection systems in Army aviation (2004)

Methods to measure the performance of hearing protective devices using naive subjects were developed to better estimate the hearing protection that can be reasonably achieved in operational environments. A ‘‘preference’’ for subject-fit methods over experimenter-fit or experimenter-supervised-fit methods has been growing among many hearing conservation professionals but has not received universal acceptance. The real-world performance of hearing protection used in Army aviation was measured. Army aviators who had completed 38 weeks of rotary-wing aircraft training were used in personal hearing protector evaluations using ANSI S12.6 real-ear attenuation at threshold procedures. Using their own flight helmets (group 1) or helmets and earplugs (group 2), the aviators were instructed to fit their helmet or helmets with earplugs as they do for flight operations (i.e., an informed-user fit). Following this evaluation, an experimenter-supervised fit evaluation was performed, which included helmet and earplug fit by a technician trained and experienced in helmet fit procedures. For both groups, the real-ear attenuation at threshold results for the informed-user and experimenter-supervised fitting procedures were virtually identical. Thus, the experimenter-supervised fit procedure (ANSI S12.6-1997 Method A) is appropriate for evaluating the performance of personal hearing protective headgear in the Army aviation environments.
RIE lag directional coupler based integrated InGaAsP/InP ring mode-locked laser (2011)

We have demonstrated the first integrated ring mode-locked laser (MLL) with a reactive ion etch (RIE) lag coupler. The RIE lag directional coupler (RL-DC) is highly advantageous for integrated MLLs as it has an insertion loss <;1 dB and can be designed to provide any coupling value. This provides the RL-DC with a much needed flexibility in large photonic systems unlike standard multimode interference (MMI) couplers, which typically provide only 3 dB power splitting.