gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrolyte effects upon the electrochemical reduction of cyclooctatetraene in dimethyl sulfoxide (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrolyte effects upon the electrochemical reduction of cyclooctatetraene in dimethyl sulfoxideAlbert J. Fry, Clyde S. Hutchins, and Ling Ling ChungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 3, 591–595Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00836a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00836a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simple Amine/Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides under Mild Aerobic Conditions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Production of Dense Nanostructured Materials using Fapas and SPS Techniques (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Description of Fast Processes SHS-Sintering Process Fast Sintering from Nanopowders Discussion Conclusion
Immunofluorescence-guided segmentation of three-dimensional features in micro-computed tomography datasets of human lung tissue (2021)

Micro-computed tomography (µCT) provides non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging of soft tissue microstructures. Specific features in µCT images can be identified using correlated two-dimensional (2D) histology images allowing manual segmentation. However, this is very time-consuming and requires specialist knowledge of the tissue and imaging modalities involved. Using a custom-designed µCT system optimized for imaging unstained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded soft tissues, we imaged human lung tissue at isotropic voxel sizes less than 10 µm. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or cytokeratin 18 in columnar airway epithelial cells using immunofluorescence (IF), as an exemplar of this workflow. Novel utilization of tissue autofluorescence allowed automatic alignment of 2D microscopy images to the 3D µCT data using scripted co-registration and automated image warping algorithms. Warped IF images, which were accurately aligned with the µCT datasets, allowed 3D segmentation of immunoreactive tissue microstructures in the human lung. Blood vessels were segmented semi-automatically using the co-registered µCT datasets. Correlating 2D IF and 3D µCT data enables accurate identification, localization and segmentation of features in fixed soft lung tissue. Our novel correlative imaging workflow provides faster and more automated 3D segmentation of µCT datasets. This is applicable to the huge range of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues held in biobanks and archives.
Radiation-Induced Amorphization (2000)

### History and applications

The earliest description of a change in mineral property caused by radiation-damage was by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1814. Berzelius, a Swedish physician and mineral chemist, was certainly one of the most eminent scientists of his century, discovering the elements cerium, selenium and thorium. He discovered that some U- and Th-bearing minerals glowed on moderate heating, releasing, sometimes violently, large amounts of energy. This “pyrognomic” behavior was first observed in gadolinite, (REE)2FeBe2Si2O10, as it released stored energy. Today, this same type of catastrophic energy release is a significant concern in reactor safety where rapid energy release from neutron-irradiated graphite can lead to a rise in temperature and the rupture of fuel elements.

In 1893, Brogger defined “metamikte” in an encyclopedia entry for amorphous materials. Metamict minerals were believed to have been previously crystalline, as judged by well-formed crystal faces, but had a characteristic glass-like, conchoidal fracture and were optically isotropic. Prior to the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896, the metamict state was not recognized as a radiation-induced transformation. Hamberg (1914) was the first to suggest that metamictization is a radiation-induced, periodic-to-aperiodic transformation caused by α-particles that originate from the constituent radionuclides in the uranium and thorium decay-series. A detailed summary of the history of studies of radiation effects in minerals can be found in Ewing (1994).

In the 1950s, interest in metamict minerals was revived. Adolf Pabst rescued the term “metamict” from obscurity in his presidential address to the Mineralogical Society of America in 1951 (Pabst 1952). However, mineralogists paid limited attention to nuclear effects in minerals or the general importance of radiation effects in modifying the properties of materials. By the early 1940s, E.P. Wigner already had anticipated that the intense neutron flux in the Hanford Production reactors …
Urokinase is required for the pulmonary inflammatory response to Cryptococcus neoformans. A murine transgenic model. (1996)

Urokinase (uPA) is hypothesized to provide proteolytic activity enabling inflammatory cells to traverse tissues during recruitment, and it is implicated as a cytokine modulator. Definitive evaluation of these hypotheses in vivo has previously been impossible because uPA could not completely and irreversibly be eliminated. This limitation has been overcome through the development of uPA-deficient transgenic mice (uPA-/-). Using these mice, we evaluated the importance of uPA in the pulmonary inflammatory response to Cryptococcus neoformans (strain 52D). C. neoformans was inoculated into uPA-/- and control mice (uPA+/+), and cell recruitment to the lungs was quantitated. The number of CFU in lung, spleen and brain was determined to assess clearance, and survival curves were generated. By day 21 after inoculation, uPA-/- mice had markedly fewer pulmonary inflammatory (CD45+), CD4+, and CD11b/CD18+ cells compared with uPA+/+ controls (P<0.0007); pulmonary CFUs in the uPA-/- mice continued to increase, whereas CFUs diminished in uPA+/+ mice(P<0.005). In survival studies, only 3/19 uPA+/+ mice died, whereas 15/19 uPA-/- mice died (p<0.001). We have demonstrated that uPA is required for a pulmonary inflammatory response to C. neoformans. Lack of uPA results in inadequate cellular recruitment, uncontrolled infection, and death.
Threshold voltage dispersion and impurity scattering limited mobility in carbon nanotube field effect transistors with randomly doped reservoirs (2006)

This paper have investigated the threshold voltage dispersion and the impurity scattering limited mobility in carbon nanotube field effect transistors with randomly doped source and drain extensions. Accurate transport simulations have been performed solving the self-consistent 3D Poisson-Schrodinger equation, within the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. In particular, non-ballistic transport has been taken into account, due to elastic scattering with ionized impurities in doped source and drain extensions. The authors show that even if the channel is undoped, impurity scattering in the source and drain extensions can significantly reduce the effective mobility, intrinsically inhibiting ballistic transport, while the effect of random dopants on the dispersion of the threshold voltage is limited
Predicted RNA secondary structures for the conserved regions in dengue virus (2009)

Dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are the prevalent mosquito borne viral infections worldwide. The dengue virus belongs to the genus flavivirus with conserved RNA domains peptidase_S7 and dexHc among its members. The secondary structures for RNA domains peptidase_S7 and DexHc are hence predicted and discussed with other known viral RNA structures to glean structural insights through comparison.
General and Scalable Approach to Bright, Stable, and Functional AIE Fluorogen Colloidal Nanocrystals for in Vivo Imaging (2018)

Fluorescent nanoparticles built from aggregation-induced emission-active organic molecules (AIE-FONs) have emerged as powerful tools in life science research for in vivo bioimaging of organs, biosensing, and therapy. However, the practical use of such biotracers has been hindered owing to the difficulty of designing bright nanoparticles with controlled dimensions (typically below 200 nm), narrow size dispersity and long shelf stability. In this article, we present a very simple yet effective approach to produce monodisperse sub-200 nm AIE fluorescent organic solid dispersions with excellent redispersibility and colloidal stability in aqueous medium by combination of nanoprecipitation and freeze-drying procedures. By selecting polymer additives that simultaneously act as stabilizers, promoters of amorphous-crystalline transition, and functionalization/cross-linking platforms, we demonstrate a straightforward access to stable nanocrystalline FONs that exhibit significantly higher brightness than their amorphous precursors and constitute efficient probes for in vivo imaging of the normal and tumor vasculature. FONs design principles reported here are universal, applicable to a range of fluorophores with different chemical structures and crystallization abilities, and are suitable for high-throughput production and manufacturing of functional imaging probes.
Transcutaneous penetration of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) compared to a full-size antibody: potential tool for Atopic Dermatitis (AD) treatment (2021)

Summary Background Currently, several biologics are used for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO) or skin cancers. The main administration routes are subcutaneous and intravenous injections. However, little is known about antibody penetration through the skin. Objectives The aim was to study the transcutaneous penetration of a reduced-size antibody as a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) compared to a whole antibody (Ab) and to determine its capacity to neutralize an inflammatory cytokine involved in AD such as human interleukin-4 (hIL-4). Methods Transcutaneous penetration was evaluated by ex vivo studies on tape-stripped pig ear skin. Antibody visualization through the skin was measured by Raman microspectroscopy. In addition, hIL-4 neutralization was studied using two 2D models. First, embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) secretion by HEK-Blue™ IL-4/IL-13 cells, proportional to hIL-4 cells stimulation, was quantified by OD 620 nm measurement in presence or absence of an anti-hIL4 scFv or Ab. Then, normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) were stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) +/− hIL-4 and treated with anti-hIL4 scFv. Human Interleukin-8 (hIL-8) concentrations were determined in culture supernatants by ELISA. Results After 24h of application, analysis by Raman microspectroscopy showed that scFv penetrated into the upper dermis while Ab remained on the stratum corneum . In addition, the anti-hIL4 scFv showed better efficiency compared to Ab, with a neutralization percentage at 200 nM of 68% and 47%, respectively, in the HEK-Blue™ IL-4/IL-13 model. hIL-8 dosage in stimulated NHKs supernatants revealed that addition of scFv induced a dose-dependent hIL-4 neutralization. Conclusions scFv penetrates through to the upper papillary dermis while Ab remains on the surface. The anti-hIL4 scFv neutralizes its target effectively in two 2D models suggesting its potential use as topical therapy for AD.
Plasmon Transmutation: Inducing New Modes in Nanoclusters by Adding Dielectric Nanoparticles (2012)

Planar clusters of coupled plasmonic nanoparticles support nanoscale electromagnetic "hot spots" and coherent effects, such as Fano resonances, with unique near and far field signatures, currently of prime interest for sensing applications. Here we show that plasmonic cluster properties can be substantially modified by the addition of individual, discrete dielectric nanoparticles at specific locations on the cluster, introducing new plasmon modes, or transmuting existing plasmon modes to new ones, in the resulting metallodielectric nanocomplex. Depositing a single carbon nanoparticle in the junction between a pair of adjacent nanodisks induces a metal-dielectric-metal quadrupolar plasmon mode. In a ten-membered cluster, placement of several carbon nanoparticles in junctions between multiple adjacent nanoparticles introduces a collective magnetic plasmon mode into the Fano dip, giving rise to an additional subradiant mode in the metallodielectric nanocluster response. These examples illustrate that adding dielectric nanoparticles to metallic nanoclusters expands the number and types of plasmon modes supported by these new mixed-media nanoscale assemblies.
Improving plan about lifetime prediction of gas turbine throughout image processing (2009)

Many systems which have introduced Image Processing Technique are being used in various fields. In this paper, we predict the lifetime of a gas turbines as one of the image processing applications. A gas turbine, high-priced key module, is very useful for repairing and recycling throughout prediction of lifetime. Taking the place of lifetime predicted by existing expert's naked eyes, remaining life can be estimated by processing digital images. The accuracy of lifetime prediction fell because precipitates wasn't separated or extracted from existing research. Then, we propose compound image analyzing method to improve the accuracy. We also provide exact information for lifetime prediction of blade by combination techniques - separation of region from the original document, separation of contour line for getting an exact size, filling of region etc. The number of extracted precipitates from proposed method has been improved by 15~20% more than the existing one.
Description of Piezoresistance in Polycrystalline Aggregates by Crystallites Orientation Distribution Function (2018)

In this paper we found that three tensor components of piezoresistance were necessary for a crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF) expressing preferential crystallographic orientation of polycrystalline aggregates. A comparison between an experiment of poly-Si and the theoretical analysis showed the validity of our method representing the piezoresistance anisotropy by using CODF.
Picosecond pump–probe interferometric measurement of optical nonlinearity in semiconductor-doped fibers (1989)

Refractive and absorptive optical nonlinearity can be distinguished using a pump-probe interferometric technique with picosecond time resolution. The method is applied to both resonant and nonresonant nonlinearities in optical fibers and reveals marked differences between the relaxation behavior of the refractive and absorptive nonlinearity in certain cases. A monomode fiber doped with CdS(x)Se(1-x) semiconductor nanocrystals exhibits a large optically induced phase shift with ~10-psec relaxation time, which is many orders faster than the relaxation of the absorptive nonlinearity under identical conditions.
Vibration Analysis of the First Stage of a Multi-stage Coaxial Magnetic Gearbox (2018)

This paper describes an analytical model of a single stage of a series- connected multi- stage coaxial magnetic gear (MSMG). This model is a system of spring-mass-dampers which is then used to investigate the vibrational modes and natural frequencies of the system at the rotational speeds observed during operation. This approach includes the bending and shear forces created in the magnetically active area of the gearbox which are generated due to the relative motion of the magnets that in turn produce fluctuating magnetic fields. Understanding these vibrational modes is important for magnetic gearboxes to realize their potential for long duration, low maintenance operation.
Advanced thermally stable silicide S/D electrodes for high-speed logic circuits with large-scale embedded Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/-capacitor DRAMs (2003)

A process that enables good gate-oxide integrity (GOI) in W/barrier/poly-Si gates and thermally stable low-resistivity source/drain (S/D) CoSi/sub 2/ electrodes has been developed for high-speed logic circuits with large-scale embedded DRAMs that use Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ high-k capacitors for high-density memory cells. Spin-on-glass (SOG)-based films were used to fill in narrow spaces between wordlines, and were also directly formed on silicide films. We prevented the oxidation of silicide during the SOG-based interlayer dielectric (ILD) formation. By using these CoSi/sub 2/ electrodes, we were able to obtain contact resistance ten times lower than that of conventional non-silicide electrodes.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Cefamandole, Cephapirin, and Cephalothin in Healthy Subjects and Effect of Repeated Dosing (1976)

Cefamandole nafate, cephapirin, and cephalothin were administered intravenously in crossover fashion to 12 volunteers, in dosages of 2 g every 6 h for 16 doses. Mean peak levels of cefamandole were approximately 50% higher than those of the other agents. The serum concentration curves appeared to decline bi-exponentially, suggesting that a two-compartment model was most applicable for pharmacokinetic analysis; accordingly, the t((1/2)) of cefamandole was significantly longer when the serum peak was omitted from the analysis (0.86 versus 0.73 h, P < 0.05). The half-lives of cephalothin and cephapirin, 0.34 and 0.36 h, respectively, were probably underestimates reflecting the inclusion of distribution-phase values in the calculation. Repeated dosing had no effect on the peak serum levels, half-life, serum clearance, or apparent volume of distribution with one exception: peak serum levels of cephapirin were significantly lower after the sixteenth than after the first dose. Marked variations within a given subject were noted in the half-life and apparent volume of distribution of cefamandole in several instances. Renal clearances of cefamandole exhibited saturation kinetics similar to those of penicillin G.
Design Evolution of Drilling Tools To Mitigate Vibrations (2013)

Summary The development of modeling methods to characterize the relative vibration tendency of alternative bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) has enabled deliberate tool redesign to reduce vibrations. To achieve the greatest benefit, tool redesign is most effective if applied early in the tool-design cycle in which important configuration parameters are most easily adjusted. This paper outlines several design issues to resolve so that future generations of tools have inherently lower vibration levels. The use of multiple special-purpose tools [such as logging tools, rotary-steerable assemblies, and ream-while-drilling (RWD) tools] generates significant constraints on BHA-configuration options. A redesign methodology to achieve lower vibration indices can be used to investigate modified components, dimensions, and configurations to select the best BHA configuration for specific drilling-operating conditions. Case studies are used to investigate BHA designs with flex stabilizers above rotary-steerable tools. The flex stabilizer is composed of a stabilizer with a smaller-diameter connecting flex sub to facilitate rotary-steerable directional objectives. It is typically wired for tool signals and is frequently run by vendors. In one case study, the spacing below a reamer is evaluated, and drilling data are compared with other assemblies in the same formation. In this example, the spacer provides an increase in the distance between contact points, to allow both the stabilizer and the reamer to seek the centerline with less interference. Another case study evaluates changing contact locations in the BHA by swapping the order of logging tools, resulting in different borehole-contact positions. Finally, a theoretical modeling study illustrates how changing BHA components and dimensions affects the vibration indices. The operator has field experience with BHA redesign that has directly led to significant improvement in drilling performance. The benefits include a higher rate of penetration (ROP), a longer time on the bottom, less wear of drilling-tool components, and a reduced frequency of trips.
A Temperature-Monitoring Vaginal Ring for Measuring Adherence (2015)

Vaginal rings containing embedded temperature loggers may be useful in the assessment of product adherence in late-stage clinical trials.
Co-overexpression of GDNF and GFRalpha1 induces neural differentiation in neural progenitor cells in comparison to bone marrow stromal cells. (2008)

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), both of which can differentiate into neural phenotypes, are important candidates for transplantation therapy in the central nervous system (CNS). In most cases of BMSC transplantation, functional recovery is recognized even if few transplanted cells survive in the host tissue. A reason for this may be that transplanted cells produce neurotrophic factors (NFs), which enhance neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth after CNS injury. To provide additional insight into cell therapy, we investigated the types of NFs and receptors that are expressed in NPCs and BMSCs in vitro. Both cells expressed the mRNA of nerve growth factor (NGF), cilliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and their receptors in the proliferative state. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression of GDNF was relatively low in NPCs although its receptor was highly expressed. We thus tested if the overexpression of GDNF in NPCs affected neural differentiation without FGF-2. The overexpression of GDNF did not affect mRNA expression of beta-III tubulin and neuron specific enolase (NSE), but both GDNF and GFRalpha1 overexpression increased the expression of neuronal markers. These results suggest that augmentation of both GDNF and GFRalpha1 could have positive effects during neural tissue repair.
A histomorphometric evaluation of screw‐shaped implants each prepared with two surface roughnesses (1998)

Four different surface modifications were designed. Forty screw-shaped implants were divided into 4 groups, 10 screws in each. Every screw was prepared with 2 different surface topographies. The surface topography was measured with a confocal laser scanning profilometer and the surface roughness was characterized using 1 height, 1 spatial and 1 hybrid descriptive parameter. After 12 weeks in rabbit bone all screws were histomorphometrically evaluated. Blasted surfaces demonstrated more bone in contact to implant surface compared with turned surfaces. Most bone in close contact to implant surface was found for a surface blasted with 75 microns sized particles, numerically characterized with an average height deviation (Sa) of 1.4 microns, an average wavelength (Scx) of 11.6 microns and a developed surface area ratio (Sdr) of 1.5.