gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloned, Ia-restricted T cells that do not produce interleukin 4(IL 4)/B cell stimulatory factor 1(BSF-1) fail to help antigen-specific B cells. (1987)

T cells can be subdivided based on cell surface markers, MHC restriction, function, and production of soluble factors. Analysis of the ability of cloned, Ia-restricted, L3T4+ T cells to induce an in vitro anti-hapten antibody response to hapten-carrier conjugates allowed the definition of three functional subtypes. To examine whether these functional subtypes also differed in the production of soluble mediators, supernatants of the cloned lines were examined for the production of T cell growth factors and factors inducing increased expression of Ia glycoproteins on small resting B cells. All of the cloned lines produced T cell growth factors that could be further differentiated by inhibition with monoclonal antibodies. None of the Ia-restricted, L3T4+ cloned T cell lines that failed to produce IL 4/BSF-1 could provide helper function. Thus, the activation of antigen-specific B cells by helper T cells appears to require IL 4/BSF-1 as a necessary but not sufficient signal for differentiation into antibody-forming cells.
Noradrenergic Inhibition of TNF Upregulation in Hemorrhagic Shock (2001)

These results show a suppressive role for noradrenergic innervation on the hemorrhage-induced increase in tissue TNF-alpha content in vivo. We speculate that the effects of norepinephrine are protective from tissue injury but are likely to contribute to the generalized immunosuppression following trauma.
Depoling of single-domain bismuth titanate (1971)

Repeated c-axis switching of previously a-axis poled bismuth-titanate crystals generally results in a loss of the initial optical uniformity. Experimental results indicate that this optical degradation results from a recurrence of domains of opposite a-axis components in thin surface layers on both sides of the crystals. The cause of such depoling is not well understood, since the crystals are rather difficult to pole initially. A reasonable explanation may lie in the strain-relieving mechanism which involves strain both from c-axis domain switching and from initial crystal imperfections. This depoling is sharply reduced at low temperatures.Bismuth titanate has potential application to optically read memories and display devices. The depoling is not a serious problem for a read-only memory, for a write occasionally-read often memory, or for display and page-composer applications. However, for a pattern (and possibly for a holographic) read-write memory, the depoling may result in decreased read-out efficiency. Various methods for minimizing this problem are discussed.
HAPEE, a prediction model of ionospheric scintillation in polar region (2019)

International audience
Proteotoxicity in the endoplasmic reticulum: lessons from the Akita diabetic mouse (2002)

Mutations that impair polypeptide folding commonly result in an unstable and hypofunctional gene product.Their phenotype reflects this loss of function, and the resulting genetic disorder is usually transmitted as a recessive trait.Common forms of cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and familial hypercholesterolemia are examples of this genetic mechanism in action.A second class of mutations (so-called gain-of-function mutations) encodes proteins with new functions, whose associated disorders are typically transmitted as dominant traits.Some of these are "dominant negative" alleles whose encoded protein can interact with components of the cellular machinery normally accessed by the wild-type gene product.With varying degrees of specificity, these mutations affect the activities of the wild-type allele, for example by disrupting the assembly of a multisubunit complex.Recent observations suggest that gainof-function mutations that affect protein folding can also impair cellular function by less specific mechanisms related to the ability of the mutant protein to challenge the folding capacity in specific cellular compartments.Such mutant proteins are hypothesized to act as proteotoxins and may play a role in important human diseases (1, 2).The paper by Oyadomari et al. (3) appearing in this issue of the JCI addresses important issues related to proteotoxicity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The Ins2 C96Y mutation found in the Akita diabetic mouse precludes formation of an essential disulfide bond between insulin 2 chains and prevents proper folding and processing of this protein.The mutant, malfolded proinsulin-2 is retained in the pancreatic β cell ER (4), presumably by the
Die Weiterentwicklung des Wasserstoffantriebs im BMW 7er / Further development of the hydrogen powertrain in the new BMW 7 series (2004)

Wasserstoff aus regenerativen Energiequellen bietet das Potenzial, nachhaltig fossile Energietraeger zu ersetzen. Die Entwicklung des neuen H2-7ers im Rahmen eines Serienentwicklungsprozesses ist fuer die BMW Group ein wichtiger Schritt in eine mobile H2-Zukunft. Fuer BMW stellt sich die Aufgabe Wasserstoffantriebe zu entwickeln, die leistungsstark und sparsam sind und allen Emissionsanforderungen gerecht werden. Diese Anforderungen werden durch den Wasserstoff-Verbrennungsmotor im neuen H2-7er erfuellt. Entscheidend hierfuer ist die Realisierung des Lambda=1 Betriebes und die Absenkung von NOx-Emissionen unter alle weltweit relevanten Grenzwerte. Damit steht die Entwicklung des H2-Verbrennungsmotors aber erst am Anfang. Durch Aufladung oder innere Gemischbildung ergeben sich Leistungsdichten, wie sie von zukuenftigen Benzin- oder Dieselmotoren erwartet werden, bei gleichzeitig guten Wirkungsgraden. Das langfristige Ziel ist die Entwicklung von kundengerechten H2-Fahrzeugen in allen Fahrzeugklassen. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Hydrogen produced from regenerative sources has the potential to be a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels. The development of the new hydrogen 7 series in a series development process is an important step for the BMW Group towards a hydrogen future. A major challenge for BMW is to develop dynamic and efficient hydrogen powertrains, which fulfill all emission requirements. The hydrogen combustion engine in the new hydrogen 7 series fulfills these requirements. The realization of lambda=1 operation for all engine speeds and the reduction of NOx emissions below world-wide emission limits is a decisive factor in H2 operation. This is only the beginning of hydrogen combustion engine development. Turbo charging or direct injection offers power to engine volume ratios which are comparable to those expected from future gasoline or diesel engines, and at the same time with good efficiencies. The long term goal is the development of hydrogen vehicles, which will satisfy customer expectations in all vehicle classes. (A) Beitrag zum Themenbereich Kraftstoffe der Tagung Innovative Fahrzeugantriebe der VDI-Gesellschaft Fahrzeug- und Verkehrstechnik am 11. und 12. November 2004 in Dresden. Siehe auch Gesamtaufnahme der Tagung, ITRD-Nummer D358054.
Warehousing and Analyzing Massive RFID Data Sets (2006)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications are set to play an essential role in object tracking and supply chain management systems. In the near future, it is expected that every major retailer will use RFID systems to track the movement of products from suppliers to warehouses, store backrooms and eventually to points of sale. The volume of information generated by such systems can be enormous as each individual item (a pallet, a case, or an SKU) will leave a trail of data as it moves through different locations. As a departure from the traditional data cube, we propose a new warehousing model that preserves object transitions while providing significant compression and path-dependent aggregates, based on the following observations: (1) items usually move together in large groups through early stages in the system (e.g., distribution centers) and only in later stages (e.g., stores) do they move in smaller groups, and (2) although RFID data is registered at the primitive level, data analysis usually takes place at a higher abstraction level. Techniques for summarizing and indexing data, and methods for processing a variety of queries based on this framework are developed in this study. Our experiments demonstrate the utility and feasibility of our design, data structure, and algorithms.
Super-microporous aluminosilicate catalysts via primary amine templating (2001)

Super-microporous aluminosilicate catalysts possessing pores in the range 14–20 Å may be prepared via primary amine templating alone or in combination with post-synthesis Al-grafting.
Calibration Technique of a Curved Zoom Compound Eye Imaging System (2019)

A calibration method for the designed curved zoom compound eye is studied in order to achieve detection and positioning of spatial objects. The structure of the curved zoom compound eye is introduced. A calibration test platform is designed and built based on the image characteristics of the compound eye, which can be constructed in the large field view for the calibration target. The spot images are obtained through image processing. The center of the spot is calculated by Gauss fitting method. This method is highly simple and intuitive, and it can be used in a zoom surface compound eye without any complex procedures. Finally, the corresponding relationship between the spot center coordinates and the incident light vector of the corresponding sub-eye is established, and the calibration of the multi vision positioning system is completed.
Wearable 3D lung ventilation monitoring system with multi frequency electrical impedance tomography (2017)

The wearable 3D lung ventilation monitoring system is proposed with electrical impedance tomography (EIT). It is implemented on the hub-module and impedance acquisition belt. Thanks to the active electrode SoC in the impedance acquisition belt, the proposed system provides wide (94dB) and accurate (1.4mΩ) impedance acquisition. Since the optimal frequency of stimulation current varies from individual, the selecting optimal stimulation frequency scheme is proposed for multi-frequency EIT. After the measured impedance data is transferred to hub-SoC in the Hub board, it is preprocessed and transferred to an external imaging device using Bluetooth module. As a result, the proposed system can display EIT images which are reconstructed with 90% of accuracy and 10 frames/s of real-time 3D lung images. It has only 357g weight and operates at least 6 hours with 3.7V 200mAh battery.
Object surface for applying a modified Hartmann test to measure corneal topography (2001)

A modified Hartmann test is proposed for measuring corneal topography. The plane screen with holes used in the typical Hartmann test is replaced with a curved object surface. This object surface yields a plane image for a spherical mirror surface. We show that the object surface is an oval of revolution that can be modeled by an ellipsoid. The plane image will be formed by a square array of circular spots, all with the same diameter. To obtain the square array in the image, we calculated the spatial distribution of the spots on the object surface.
LAA-as-a-service as key enabler in 5G dynamic radio topologies (2017)

This paper discusses the coordinated utilization of unlicensed spectrum as key enabler for the fifth generation (5G) ultra-dense networks (UDNs) as a means of enhancing spectral re-use by allocating “on-demand” unlicensed radio resources, particularly when licensed spectrum is highly loaded. Furthermore, proposed licensed-assisted access (LAA) approach is applied to 5G dynamic radio topologies, such that, the flexible network operation can be attained both from the extended resource availability and deployment perspectives. The associated challenges are highlighted and key design recommendations are provided. It is shown that dynamic radio topology coupled with LAA-as-a-Service is a promising and complementary enhancement to 5G UDNs when different services with different KPIs need additional resources on-demand. Application of LAA-as-a-Service to network slicing is presented, as well.
Adsorption Kinetics of WS2 Quantum Dots onto a Polycrystalline Gold Surface (2018)

In this work, we report the adsorption kinetics of electrochemically synthesized WS<sub>2</sub> quantum dots (QDs) (ca. 3 nm) onto a polycrystalline gold electrode. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm approach was employed to explore the temperature and adsorbate concentration dependence of the experimentally calculated equilibrium constant of adsorption ( K<sub>eq</sub>) and the free energy for adsorption (Δ G<sub>ads</sub>). Subsequently, we extract other thermodynamic parameters, such as adsorption rate constant ( K<sub>ads</sub>), desorption rate constant ( K<sub>d</sub>), the enthalpy of adsorption (Δ H<sub>ads</sub>), and the entropy of adsorption (Δ S<sub>ads</sub>). Our findings indicate that Δ G<sub>ads</sub> is temperature-dependent and ca. -7.64 ± 0.6 kJ/mol, Δ H<sub>ads</sub> = -43.72 ± 1.7 kJ/mol, and Δ S<sub>ads</sub> = -0.126 ± 0.017 kJ/(mol K). These investigations on the contribution of the enthalpic and entropic forces to the total free energy of this system underscore the role of entropic forces on the stability of the WS<sub>2</sub> QDs monolayer and provide new thermodynamic insights into other transition-metal dichalcogenide quantum dot (TMDQD) monolayers as well.
In-Depth Characterization of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition via xCGE-LIF, Utilizing a Multiplexing Capillary DNA Sequencer (2012)

During the last decade enormous progress regarding knowledge about the composition and properties of (human) milk has been made. The three main fractions of milk - proteins, fats and carbohydrates - combine a large variety of properties and functions, like lowering the risk of infections or balancing/teaching the developing immune system of newborns. In the recent past especially complex sugar structures, such as free oligosaccharides from human milk (HMOS), animal milk and other sources became of increasing interest. Their investigation gained importance, e.g.: in clinical research and the development and production of functional food and food additives. The work presented, comprises the establishment and improvement of a high-performance glycoanalysis technique, based on multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF), that allows for high-throughput (HT) characterization of HMOS [1, 2]. The resulting rapid and sensitive method for HT-analysis of the HMOS fraction composition, using a CGE-LIF based multiplexing capillary DNA sequencer, includes sample preparation steps like, protein-precipitation, clean-up, derivatization as well as the use of the automated glycoanalysis software “glyXtool”. In combination with a dedicated HMOS database, which was built-up in-house, the generated HMOS “fingerprints” (normalized electropherograms) can be used for in-depth glycoanalysis, i.e.: structural elucidation of each single HMOS compound and its relative quantification. The robustness of the developed method was tested on various human milk samples (time series of different donors). Several factors were identified to be responsible for differences in HMOS-composition, including origin of the mother, lactation time point and genetic determinants (secretor-gene and lewis-gene). The combination of these two antigenic determinants defines four human milk types [3]. It turned out, that xCGE-LIF is a valuable alternative to the existing time consuming analysis techniques. The developed method allows straightforward, fast, unequivocal and sensitive analysis of HMOS fraction composition, including an easy determination of the secretor and lewis status of milk donors. [1] Schwarzer, J.; Rapp, E.; Reichl, U.; N-Glycan Analysis by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis - Profiling Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin N-Glycosylation during Vaccine Production. Electrophoresis (2008), 29, 4203-4214. [2] Kottler, R.; Hennig, R.; Mank, M.; Stahl, B.; Reichl, U.; Rapp, E., High-Throughput Characterization of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition Utilizing a Multiplexing Capillary DNA Sequencer. Glycoconjugate Journal (2011), 28(5), 330-331. [3] Thurl, S.; Munzert, M.; Henker, J.; Boehm, G.; Müller-Werner, B.; Jelinek, J.; Stahl, B.; Variation of human milk oligosaccharides in relation to milk groups and lactational periods. British Journal of Nutrition (2010), 104, 1261-1271.
Swarm Absolute Scalar Magnetometer burst mode: from instrument validation to routine observation of intense lightning activity (2023)

Over the past 10 years, the ESA Swarm mission led to many scientific successes sometimes way beyond its primary science targets. One such example is the unanticipated science allowed by the experimental 250 Hz burst mode magnetic scalar data provided by the Absolute Scalar Magnetometers on board the satellites. This burst mode was originally meant to be run briefly for in-orbit calibration and validation activities during the initial months of the Swarm mission. However, and despite the fact that the 250 Hz sampling rate can only access the ELF part of the electromagnetic spectrum, numerous whistler signals could be detected. After carefully assessing the possibility of routinely detecting and characterising such whistlers, it was thus next decided to conduct campaigns of one-week duration every month on Swarm Alpha and Bravo. These started in 2019 and still continue today, the corresponding Burst mode data now being a routine product of the mission.In this presentation, we will review the main scientific results of these campaigns: geographical and temporal distribution of whistler events as well as the detectability of whistler signals, which we assessed using joint campaigns on the Alpha and Bravo satellites during the recent counter-rotating phase of the Swarm mission. Using ground ionosondes and in-situ electron density measurements we also demonstrated the promising possibility of using whistlers to measure ionosphere plasma density parameters along their path up to the Swarm satellites. Finally, using data from the ground based ELF measurements from WERA, and data from the lightning detection network WWLLN, the originating strikes could also be identified. We found that only the most powerful lightning strikes produce detected whistlers, and that these strikes can sometimes occur several thousands of kilometres away from the satellites.
Flexible remote phosphor color converter based on ultra-thin glass and CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal-embedded glass for a wide-color-gamut white LED (2022)

CsPbBr 3 perovskite nano-crystal embedded glass and an ultra-thin glass substrate comprise a flexible white LED color converter with enhanced thermal stability and a wide color gamut reaching ∼130% of the NTSC area.
Surgical Aspects of Esophageal Disease: Perforation and Caustic Injury (2002)

Esophageal perforation presents as an emergency because treatment delay reduces survival. Iatrogenic perforation, spontaneous perforation, and trauma account for a large majority of esophageal perforations (1–4). Endoscopic procedures are the most common cause of iatrogenic esophageal perforation, with the cricopharyngeal area most commonly injured (1). Midand distal esophageal perforations usually result from biopsies to document malignancy or from dilatations. Infrequent causes of iatrogenic esophageal perforation include difficult endotracheal intubation, blind insertion of a minitracheostomy, resection of lung cancer, blind dissection of the abdominal esophagus, operations on the cervical spine, thyroidectomy, and palliative intubation, stenting, or laser treatment of esophageal tumors. Boerhaave’s syndrome, esophageal rupture induced by straining, is the most common type of spontaneous perforation. Ruptures usually occur in the left posterior aspect of the lower esophagus and are five times more frequent in males (1). Severe reflux and candidal, herpetic, and immunodeficiency infections also cause pathologic perforations. Destruction of the esophageal wall by carcinoma may cause mediastinal or pleural perforations. Esophageal perforations from penetrating or blunt trauma are frequently overshadowed by associated injuries and have a poor prognosis if unrecognized (1, 5, 6).
Composable process elements for developing COTS-based applications (2004)

Data collected from five years of developing e-service applications at USC-CSE reveals that an increasing fraction have been commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)-based applications (CBA) projects: from 28% in 1997 to 60% in 2001. Data from both small and large CBA projects show that CBA effort is primarily distributed among the three activities of COTS assessments, COTS tailoring, and glue code development and integration, with wide variations in their distribution across projects. We have developed a set of data-motivated composable process elements, in terms of these three activities, for developing CBA's as well an overall decision framework for applying the process elements. We present data regarding the movement towards CBA's and effort distribution among them; we then proceed to describe the decision framework and to present a real-world example showing how it operates within the WinWin Spiral process model generator to orchestrate, execute, and adapt the process elements to changing project circumstances.
Influence of N–O chemistry on the excitation of alkali metals by a non-transferred DC plasma jet (2003)

Excitation of Na(3p) and K(4p) states by a high velocity non-transferred direct current plasma jet was studied. A turbulent nitrogen plasma jet was discharged into an atmosphere consisting of nitrogen and oxygen, laden with trace amounts of alkali. The line reversal temperatures of Na and K depend on the molar fraction of oxygen and may deviate considerably from the gas temperature. The reaction pressure was 0.1 MPa. The measured line reversal temperatures were reproduced by a simple chemical model. At temperatures near 2000 K non-equilibrium is caused by association of nitrogen atoms by the Zeldovich mechanism, which affects the vibrational temperature of nitrogen molecules. Near 1000 K excitation may also take place due to a chemiluminescent mechanism between alkali metals and ozone.
Maintained cerebral metabolic ratio during exercise in patients with β‐adrenergic blockade (2009)

During exhaustive exercise in cirrhotic patients the CMR is maintained and a significant cerebral uptake of lactate is demonstrated. The data suggest that oral treatment with a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist attenuates cerebral non-oxidative metabolism.
Electrophoretic charge density and persistence length of DNA as measured by fluorescence microscopy (1990)

Individual ethidium-stained DNA molecules, embedded in an agarose gel made with electrophoresis buffer (0.05 molar salt), are observed using a fluorescence microscope. In the first experiment, open circular 66 kilobase pair (kbp) plasmids, immobilized by agarose fibers threaded through their centers, display entropic "rubber" elasticity. The charged molecules extend in an electric field of several volts per centimeter and contract to a compact random coil when the field is removed. The extension of the plasmids as a function of field strength is consistent with the freely jointed chain model when the effective electrophoretic charge density is set at 15 e-per persistence length. In a second experiment, stained linear 48.5 kbp DNA molecules are observed as random coils immobilized in agarose. A measure of their size, here named the "maximal-X-extent," is taken for 100 molecules and found to average 1.47 mu. A Monte Carlo computer simulation of random coils (freely jointed chain model) gives the same maximal-X-extent value when the persistence length is set at 0.08 mu.
Association of Weather With Day-to-Day Incidence of Myocardial Infarction (2018)

In this large, nationwide study, low air temperature, low atmospheric air pressure, high wind velocity, and shorter sunshine duration were associated with risk of MI with the most evident association observed for air temperature.