gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-level precoding based interference reduction in uplink for MIMO femtocell networks (2016)

The femtocell technology is a promising concept for deploying the next generation of wireless networks. One of the most critical issues concerning femtocell deployment is the interference between femtocells and macrocells. Interference alignment (IA) is a technique that tackles the interference management problem in a macrocell/femtocell heterogeneous network (HetNet). Using IA, macrocell users (MUs) design precoders to align their signals in such a way that they do not cause interference at the femtocell base stations (FBSs). Nevertheless the availability of MIMO dimensions limit the extent of alignment and hence the residual interference degrades the performance of femtocell tier. In this paper, we design a novel two-level precoder at the MU to reduce the overall leaked interference at the FBS in uplink transmissions. IA precoding done in the first level aligns the leakage signals from MUs into the interference subspace of FBSs. In the second level, leakage based precoding further reduces the strength of the aligned interference signals. This helps to reduce error in the femtocell tier and hence provides better quality of service (QoS) guarantees. The performance advantages of the proposed precoding technique is validated through simulation studies.
Mechanical, In vitro Antimicrobial, and Biological Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Silver-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coating (2012)

Implant-related infection is one of the key concerns in total joint hip arthroplasties. To reduce bacterial adhesion, we used silver (Ag)/silver oxide (Ag(2)O) doping in plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on titanium substrate. HA powder was doped with 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 wt % Ag, heat-treated at 800 °C and used for plasma spray coating using a 30 kW plasma spray system, equipped with supersonic nozzle. Application of supersonic plasma nozzle significantly reduced phase decomposition and amorphous phase formation in the HA coatings as evident by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. Adhesive bond strength of more than 15 MPa ensured the mechanical integrity of the coatings. Resistance against bacterial adhesion of the coatings was determined by challenging them against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). Live/dead staining of the adherent bacteria on the coating surfaces indicated a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion due to the presence of Ag. In vitro cell-material interactions and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) protein expressions were evaluated by culturing human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB). Our results suggest that the plasma-sprayed HA coatings doped with an optimum amount of Ag can have excellent antimicrobial property without altering mechanical property of the Ag-doped HA coatings.
The grouping phenomenon of the radiation efficiencies of acoustic modes (1996)

The modal-style approach for representing the exterior radiation characteristics of structures generally seeks to find a set of orthogonal functions, or acoustic modes, that diagonalize a radiation operator in the exterior domain of the structure. The choice of basis functions, whether global or local, is arbitrary. The acoustic modes are found through an eigenanalysis of the radiation operator, with corresponding eigenvalues which are proportional to the radiation efficiencies. The analytical acoustic modes of a finite sphere radiating into free space are represented by the orthogonal set of spherical harmonics. The spherical harmonics and the modes of arbitrary structures exhibit a grouping among their respective radiation efficiencies at long wavelength conditions. The analytical basis for the grouping within the spherical harmonics provides an avenue for describing the grouping within the acoustic modes of an arbitrary structure. Further, the spherical harmonics provide insight into the shapes of the acoustic modes for arbitrary structures. Here, the acoustic modes of a free-space sphere are compared to those of an arbitrary free-space object, half space object, baffled panel, and baffled beam. [Work supported by NASA GSRP program, NGT-51115.]
Variations on the Standard Transsphenoidal Approach to the Sellar Region, with Emphasis on the Extended Approaches and Parasellar Approaches: Surgical Experience in 105 Cases (2004)

These modifications of the standard transsphenoidal approach are useful for lesions within the boundaries noted above, they offer excellent alternatives to transcranial approaches for these lesions, and they avoid prolonged exposure time and brain retraction. Technical details are discussed and illustrative cases presented.
Arsenite activates Hog1 MAPK through an intracellular pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2016)

Arsenite is a toxic metalloid that is abundant in the environment. It is known as a carcinogen as well as a drug for anti‐cancer treatment. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , arsenite enters the cell through the aquaglyceroprin Fps1. Control of Fps1 channel activity in response to arsenite involves the MAPK Hog1 of the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway. However, the mechanism by which Hog1 regulates channel activity in response to this stress is not understood. We found that Hog1 is activated by arsenite through an intracellular mechanism, rather than through the canonical MAPK signaling pathway. Activation of Hog1 in response to arsenite is achieved through direct targeting of two tyrosine phosphatases, Ptp2 and Ptp3, by a methylated metabolite of arsenite, monomethylarsonous acid. Because Ptp2 and Ptp3 maintain Hog1 in an unphosphorylated, inactive state, their inhibition results in elevated Hog1 activity. We also found that Hog1 activated in response to arsenite induces closure of Fps1 through phosphorylation of a redundant pair of Fps1 regulators, Rgc1 and Rgc2, in a manner similar to its response to hyper‐osmotic shock. These regulators associate with Fps1 under non‐stress conditions, maintaining the channel in an open conformation. In response to arsenite, activated Hog1 phosphorylates Rgc1 and Rgc2 and induces their rapid eviction from Fps1 and consequent channel closure. However, unlike the response of Hog1 to hyper‐osmotic shock, Hog1 activated by arsenite does not translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and does not drive HOG pathway transcription. We speculate that the different mechanisms by which Hog1 is activated in response to these different stresses plays a critical role in its signaling output.
Radiative Decay of Electronic Excitations in ZrO$_{2}$ Nanocrystals and Macroscopic Single Crystals (2008)

The time-resolved luminescence was studied for ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :Y single crystal and nanocrystals. The similar recombination centres were found in both single crystal and nanocrystals. Luminescence decay is within 200 ns in nanocrystals, whereas it extends to the microseconds in single crystal. It was shown that the defects responsible for transient absorption were not involved directly in radiative recombination process.
Serious ophthalmic pathology compromising vision in HCV/HIV co-infected patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin (2004)

Although retinal pathologies have been reported in patients treated with interferon-alpha, they have not been reported during peg-IFN alpha-2b therapy nor in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. The incidence of serious ocular pathology associated with anti-HCV therapy may be very high and is probably associated with peg-IFN alpha-2b. Increased monitoring of patients treated with peg-IFN alpha-2b for retinal and visual changes is warranted.
How to alleviate cardiac injury from electric shocks at the cellular level (2022)

Electric shocks, the only effective therapy for ventricular fibrillation, also electroporate cardiac cells and contribute to the high-mortality post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Copolymers such as Poloxamer 188 (P188) are known to preserve the membrane integrity and viability of electroporated cells, but their utility against cardiac injury from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains to be established. We studied the time course of cell killing, mechanisms of cell death, and protection with P188 in AC16 human cardiomyocytes exposed to micro- or nanosecond pulsed electric field (μsPEF and nsPEF) shocks. A 3D printer was customized with an electrode holder to precisely position electrodes orthogonal to a cell monolayer in a nanofiber multiwell plate. Trains of nsPEF shocks (200, 300-ns pulses at 1.74 kV) or μsPEF shocks (20, 100-μs pulses at 300 V) produced a non-uniform electric field enabling efficient measurements of the lethal effect in a wide range of the electric field strength. Cell viability and caspase 3/7 expression were measured by fluorescent microscopy 2-24 h after the treatment. nsPEF shocks caused little or no caspase 3/7 activation; most of the lethally injured cells were permeable to propidium dye already at 2 h after the exposure. In contrast, μsPEF shocks caused strong activation of caspase 3/7 at 2 h and the number of dead cells grew up to 24 h, indicating the prevalence of the apoptotic death pathway. P188 at 0.2-1% reduced cell death, suggesting its potential utility <i>in vivo</i> to alleviate electric injury from defibrillation.
C–H Functionalization: The Maimone Synthesis of Podophyllotoxin (2017)

Matthias Beller of the Universität Rostock developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 6477) a Rh catalyst for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of an alkane 1 to the alkene 2. Bhisma K. Patel of the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati effected (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 3086) oxidation of cyclohexane 3 and 4 to form the allylic benzoate 5. Justin Du Bois of Stanford University devised (Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 656) an organocatalyst that mediated the hydroxylation of 6 to 7. Vladimir Gevorgyan of the University of Illinois, Chicago hydrosilylated (Nature Chem. 2014, 6, 122) 8 to give an intermediate that, after Ir-catalyzed intramolecular C–H functionalization followed by oxidation, was converted to the diacetate 9. Sukbok Chang of KAIST used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 4141) the methoxime of 10 to direct selective amination of the adjacent methyl group, leading to 11. John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 2555) diastereoselective Cu-catalyzed amination of 12 with 13 to make 14. David W. C. MacMillan of Princeton University accomplished (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 6858) β-alkylation of the aldehyde 15 with acrylonitrile 16 to give 17. Yunyang Wei of the Nanjing University of Science and Technology alkenylated (Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 2379) cyclohexane 3 with the styrene 18, leading to 19. Bin Wu of the Kunming Institute of Botany described (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 480) the Pd-mediated cyclization of 20 to 21. Similar results using Cu catalysis were reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 3496, 3706) by Yoichiro Kuninobu and Motomu Kanai of the University of Tokyo and by Haibo Ge of IUPUI. Jin-Quan Yu of Scripps La Jolla constructed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 5267) the lactam 24 by γ-alkenyl­ation of the amide 22 with 23, followed by cyclization. Philippe Dauban of CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette prepared (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 66) the useful crystalline chiron 27 by asymmetric amination of the enol triflate 26 with 25. Matthew J. Gaunt of the University of Cambridge showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 8851) that the phenylative cyclization of 28 with 29 to 30 proceeded with near-perfect retention of absolute configuration.
Cerebral aneurysms: relations between geometry, hemodynamics and aneurysm location in the cerebral vasculature (2010)

In the framework of the Aneurisk project, an extensive statistical\ninvestigation has been conducted on the geometrical and haemodynamics \nfeatures of the Internal Carotid Artery. The spatial pattern of the\nconsidered features of the vessel has been evaluated as the variation\nalong the vessel centerline. The association of certain spatial\npatterns of radius and curvature of the ICA and the presence and\nposition of an aneurysm in the cerebral vasculature has been\nassessed. Blood flow has been simulated in the patient-specific\nvascular geometries reconstructed in the context of the project, and the shear \nload exerted by the blood on the vascular wall has been evaluated. The\nrelation between the spatial pattern of the shear \nload along the Internal Carotid Artery and the presence and location\nof the aneurysm is discussed in this work. The final goal is to\nidentify a set of morphological and hemodynamics features associated\nto the pathology, defining a classification of the vascular geometries\nin terms of the likelihood of developing an aneurysm in a\ncertain location. In other words, we look for the typical features of\nthe Internal Carotid Artery of patients with a cerebral aneurysm. To\npossibly extend the classification technique from a purely explorative\nprocedure to a tool for predictive analysis, the association of the\nchosen haemodynamics and geometrical features with aneurysm rupture\nwill also be addressed.
Loop makeup identification via single ended testing: beyond mere loop qualification (2002)

Digital subscriber lines (DSLs) offer carriers the possibility of exploiting the existing loop plant to deliver high-speed data and voice services. However, before deploying DSL, local loops must be tested in order to see whether they can support service, and at what level. In fact, there are many impairments that could disqualify a loop for supporting DSL services: load coils, excessive loop length, bridged taps, and wideband noise. Single-ended automatic qualification is essential for achieving low-cost deployment of DSL, since it allows loops to be qualified in bulk and does not involve any human intervention at the customer's location. An even more ambitious challenge is to fully characterize a loop, i.e., to identify its loop makeup. If it is feasible to perform loop makeup identification via single-ended measurements with sufficient accuracy, then operators will benefit substantially because, besides qualifying a loop for DSL service, this capability will allow the updating of telephone company loop-records. These records can in turn be accessed to support engineering, provisioning and maintenance operations. Despite its potential importance, the possibility of achieving loop makeup identification via single-ended measurements is not widely addressed in the current literature. In the present contribution the feasibility of loop makeup identification via single-ended measurements is presented.
Electromechanical Modeling of Hybrid Piezohydraulic Actuator System for Active Vibration Control (1997)

Electromechanical modeling of a hybrid piezohydraulic actuator system for active vibration control was developed. The transfer function of piezoelectric actuator was derived from the electromechanical potential energy law. This transfer function represents the dynamic relationship between input electric voltage and piezoelectric actuator displacement. The hydraulic actuator was characterized by impedance matching in which its transfer functions were experimentally determined. The transfer functions were transformed into a state-space representation, which is easily assembled into an active vibration control (AVC) closed-loop simulation. Good correlation of simulation and test was achieved for the hybrid system. A closed-loop dynamic simulation for imbalance response with/without AVC of a spinning rotor test rig at NASA Lewis was performed and showed excellent agreement with test results. The simulation couples the piezoelectric, hydraulic, and structural (rotor) components.
Event-Triggered Extended State Observer Based Distributed Control of Nonlinear Vehicle Platoons (2022)

We study the platoon control of vehicles with third-order nonlinear dynamics under the constant spacing policy. We consider a vehicle model with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances and propose a distributed control law based on an event-triggered extended state observer (ESO). First, an event-triggered ESO is designed to estimate the unmodeled dynamics in the vehicle model. Then based on the estimate of the unmodeled dynamics, a distributed control law is designed by using a modified dynamic surface control method. The control law of each follower vehicle only uses the information obtained by on-board sensors, including its own velocity, acceleration, the velocity of the preceding vehicle and the inter-vehicle distance. Finally, we give the range of the control parameters to ensure the stability of the vehicle platoon system. It is shown that the control parameters can be properly designed to make the observation errors of the ESOs bounded and ensure the string stability and closed-loop stability. We prove that the Zeno behavior is avoided under the designed event-triggered mechanism. The joint simulations of CarSim and MATLAB are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
Wastewater disinfection by low-pressure UV and ozone: a design approach based on water quality (2001)

Disinfection processes are known to be very sensitive to wastewater quality. This paper discusses the parameters that impact the UV light (UV) and ozone disinfection processes and the related mechanisms based on literature review. Low-pressure UV and ozone technologies were investigated on effluents that covered a wide range of water quality. The results are given in terms of design doses required to meet three major disinfection standards. Both processes were found eligible for the majority of effluents tested. Although cost-effectiveness is usually considered more favourable to UV, the ozone alternative should be examined in cases such as the disinfection of low-quality effluents or large treatment plants. Ozonation was also found capable of meeting the stringent Title 22 standard with no coagulation at a dose of 10 mg/l.
Novel Plaque Enriched Long Noncoding RNA in Atherosclerotic Macrophage Regulation (PELATON) (2019)

PELATON is a nuclear expressed, monocyte- and macrophage-specific lncRNA, upregulated in unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Knockdown of PELATON affects cellular functions associated with plaque progression.
Biomarker-Assisted Dose Selection for Safety and Efficacy in Early Development of PNU-100480 for Tuberculosis (2010)

Tuberculosis is a serious global health threat for which new treatments are urgently needed. This study examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of the oxazolidinone PNU-100480 in healthy volunteers, using biomarkers for safety and efficacy. Subjects were randomly assigned to PNU-100480 or placebo (4:1) at schedules of 100, 300, or 600 mg twice daily or 1,200 mg daily for 14 days or a schedule of 600 mg twice daily for 28 days to which pyrazinamide was added on days 27 and 28. A sixth cohort was given linezolid at 300 mg daily for 4 days. Signs, symptoms, and routine safety tests were monitored. Bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was measured in ex vivo whole-blood culture. Plasma drug and metabolite concentrations were compared to the levels required for inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth and 50% inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. All doses were safe and well tolerated. There were no hematologic or other safety signals during 28 days of dosing at 600 mg twice daily. Plasma concentrations of PNU-100480 and metabolites at this dose remained below those required for 50% inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Cumulative whole-blood bactericidal activity of PNU-100480 at this dose (-0.316 ± 0.04 log) was superior to the activities of all other doses tested (P < 0.001) and was significantly augmented by pyrazinamide (-0.420 ± 0.06 log) (P = 0.002). In conclusion, PNU-100480 was safe and well tolerated at all tested doses. Further studies in patients with tuberculosis are warranted. Biomarkers can accelerate early development of new tuberculosis treatments.
An improved procedure for the preparation of 8-substituted guanines. (2003)

The preparation of 8-substituted guanines using a new phosphorus(III)-mediated cyclisation of 4-acylamino-5-nitrosopyrimidines as the key step is described.
A Quantitative Determination of the Antibacterial Efficiency of Fibrous Air Filters Based on the Disc Diffusion Method (2014)

In this study, we fabricated air filters coated with Ag nanoparticles and evaluated their antibacterial efficiencies using colony counting method (CCM) and disc diffusion method (DDM) as a function of Ag nanoparticle content. Two kinds of bacterium Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive bacterium) were tested. As the amount of antibacterial agent increased, the inhibition zone width (IZW), which is the result of DDM, gradually increased and reached the maximum value, while the number of colony forming unit (CFU), which is the result of CCM, decreased and became zero. We derived a correlation equation using the CCM and DDM results, which was used to define the quantitative antibacterial efficiency of the filters according to DDM results.
Abstract #4315: In situ analysis of mucus by FTIR spectral imaging in colon adenocarcinomas: towards a potential tumor marker (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

FTIR spectral imaging (FTIR SI) is emerging as a promising tool for generating a reproducible spectral histology, based on the intrinsic biochemical composition of tissues. We previously reported that FTIR SI of colon carcinomas is highly efficient to reproduce histology directly from paraffin-embedded (PE) tissue sections without chemical dewaxing process and to provide relevant information on the intra-tumor heterogeneity that cannot be revealed by classical histology. Using a collection of human normal colon and colon adenocarcinomas, our study aimed at a further exploration of the possibilities of the FTIR SI approach for histological recognition, with a particular emphasis on secreted mucus. By referring to IR spectra originated from bovine purified mucins and human mucus extracted from begnin cysts, we show that secreted mucus of the tissue sections present the spectral fingerprint of mucin glycoproteins. This permitted an in situ localization of mucus-rich areas (secreted mucus, crypt foci) and of tissular structures devoid of mucus by constructing color-coded images using k-means clustering of spectral data. In addition, a clear distinction can be achieved between the apical and basal parts of mucus secreting cells, containing respectively high and low amount of intracellular mucus. To discriminate normal from adenocarcinoma colon tissues, a k-means subclustering was performed exclusively on secreted mucus spectra. These subclusters are present in both tissue types, without detectable spatial ordering and independently of the localization of the secreted mucus, i.e. lumen or center of the crypts in normal tissues and in aberrant crypts of adenocarcinomas. However, the samples present significant differences of subcluster percentages that can be used to discriminate normal (n=3) from tumoral (n=10) tissues. Analysis of mean spectra of the clusters highlighted variations in glycosylation, sialylation and amide bands between tissue types. These results reflect alterations in carbohydrate and sialic acid contents as well as changes in secondary structure of mucin core proteins between tissue types. Interestingly, k-means subclustering, performed on the restricted amide I and II bands, indicates that changes in mucin secondary structure represent the most relevant spectral marker of mucus to discriminate colon adenocarcinomas from normal tissue.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4315.