gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced 3D Models of Human Brain Tissue Using Neural Cell Lines: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects (2023)

Human-relevant three-dimensional (3D) models of cerebral tissue can be invaluable tools to boost our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying brain pathophysiology. Nowadays, the accessibility, isolation and harvesting of human neural cells represents a bottleneck for obtaining reproducible and accurate models and gaining insights in the fields of oncology, neurodegenerative diseases and toxicology. In this scenario, given their low cost, ease of culture and reproducibility, neural cell lines constitute a key tool for developing usable and reliable models of the human brain. Here, we review the most recent advances in 3D constructs laden with neural cell lines, highlighting their advantages and limitations and their possible future applications.
Performance evaluation of Open Source Native XML databases - A Case Study (2006)

Since the advent of native XML databases, several native XML database systems have been developed both in industry and in academia. These products can be categorized into two groups: commercial and open source products. The present study compares the performance of four open source native XML database products from the point of view of handling the four basic database operations. In particular, this paper examines Berkeley DB XML, Xindice, eXist, and dbXML. Each product is deployed and evaluated using the relevant benchmark techniques. A number of interesting insights are gained from these experiments and a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of each of these products is presented.
Toward Fully Synthetic Homogeneous Glycoproteins: A High Mannose Core Containing Glycopeptide Carrying Full H-Type 2 Human Blood Group Specificity (2001)

Die AB0-Blutgruppen-Bestimmung beruht auf Glycoproteinen auf der Zelloberfläche. Ein bedeutender Schritt in Richtung der Synthese dieser Verbindungen ist die Laborsynthese eines vollständig funktionalisierten, N-verknüpften Glycopeptids, 1, das Blutgruppen-Determinanten vom H-Typ enthält.
Plasma Concentration of Total Leptin and Human Lung-Cancer-Associated Cachexia (1997)

1. Adipocyte-derived leptin is postulated to represent the afferent hormonal signal to the hypothalamus in a feedback mechanism that regulates fat mass. In this proposed feedback mechanism, increased fat mass leads to an elevated plasma leptin level that eventually induces a decrease in appetite and an increase in energy expenditure, and vice versa. 2. As anorexia and hypermetabolism play a role in the development of cancer cachexia, we investigated the hypothesis that underlying abnormalities in the leptin feedback mechanism (in particular relatively high plasma leptin levels or, on the other hand, a hypothalamic insensitivity to a fall in leptin levels) might be involved. For this purpose, total plasma leptin, body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass), appetite and resting energy expenditure were assessed in 21 male lung-cancer patients. 3. Total leptin was detectable in six patients and non-detectable in 15. In comparison with the latter, the patients with detectable leptin were characterized by a trend towards less weight loss (3.4% compared with 11.0%, P = 0.07), as being less underweight (body mass index 23.8 kg/m2 compared with 19.4 kg/m2, P = 0.004) and by a higher fat mass (21.4 kg compared with 9.7 kg, P = 0.001). Significant between-group differences in appetite and resting energy expenditure were lacking. 4. Based on these findings, we conclude that in cancer the afferent part of the leptin feedback mechanism functions normally and that, in particular, elevated leptin levels are not involved in the development of cachexia. Since the absence of plasma leptin was not associated with an increased appetite and decreased energy expenditure, disturbances in the hypothalamic part of the feedback mechanism are hypothesized.
X-ray structure determination at low resolution (2009)

As an example of structure determination in the 3.5-4.5 A resolution range, crystal structures of the ATPase p97/VCP, consisting of an N-terminal domain followed by a tandem pair of ATPase domains (D1 and D2), are discussed. The structures were originally solved by molecular replacement with the high-resolution structure of the N-D1 fragment of p97/VCP, whereas the D2 domain was manually built using its homology to the D1 domain as a guide. The structure of the D2 domain alone was subsequently solved at 3 A resolution. The refined model of D2 and the high-resolution structure of the N-D1 fragment were then used as starting models for re-refinement against the low-resolution diffraction data for full-length p97. The re-refined full-length models showed significant improvement in both secondary structure and R values. The free R values dropped by as much as 5% compared with the original structure refinements, indicating that refinement is meaningful at low resolution and that there is information in the diffraction data even at approximately 4 A resolution that objectively assesses the quality of the model. It is concluded that de novo model building is problematic at low resolution and refinement should start from high-resolution crystal structures whenever possible.
The Prague Hypertensive Rat: A New Model of Genetic Hypertension (1993)

Several animal models of genetic hypertension have been developed but not all of them possess a closely related control strain. Therefore, a new model based on Wistar rats is described in which both hypertensive and normotensive lines were bred from a single parental pair. Several basic data on the two lines (called the Prague Hypertensive Rat, PHR, and the Prague Normotensive Rat, PNR) are given. PNR had a longer survival compared with PHR. At the age of 7 weeks, systolic blood pressure was 161 +/- 14 mmHg in PHR males and 109 +/- 9 mmHg in PNR males. Its further increase with age was very slow in PNR but very steep in PHR. Typical left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy developed in PHR in which cardiac output was not significantly different from that of PNR but total peripheral resistance was higher. Kidney weight was also greater in PHR than in PNR. There was no difference in basic renal functions except of proteinuria which was higher in PHR than in PNR. No differences were observed in extracellular and interstitial fluid volumes whereas plasma and blood volumes were slightly but significantly greater in PHR than in PNR suggesting a shift of extracellular fluid towards the intravascular compartment. This hypertensive model the parameters of which resemble to those of human essential hypertension should be especially suitable for cross-transplantation studies.
NMR relaxation of spin‐3/2 nuclei: Effects of structure, order, and dynamics in aqueous heterogeneous systems (2001)

Abstract The mathematical expressions for interpreting the results of spin‐lattice relaxation, transverse relaxation, spin‐lattice relaxation in the rotating frame, and Ostroff–Waugh multiple‐pulse sequence relaxation experiments on spin‐3/2 nuclei with electric quadrupole interaction in an isotropic environment are biexponential. A protocol for applying these expressions to investigate quadrupole interactions and ionic motions in complex aqueous heterogeneous systems such as biopolymer gels and biological tissue is described. Experimental evidence for at least two different environments for hydrated sodium ions, including an isotropic liquid aqueous phase and an anisotropic interfacial phase at the macromolecules, is reviewed. The use of the basic equations and experimental protocol are illustrated for systems of increasing complexity, ranging from simple NaCl aqueous solutions, highly concentrated agarose gels, gelatin gels, and gellan gels to xanthan gels that contain ordered macromolecules. Many different experiments on various biopolymer samples indicate a correlation time of approximately 1 ns for ions at the interface that dominates in determining spin‐lattice relaxation and also the long component of the transverse relaxation that arises from the central transitions. The transverse relaxation of the satellite transitions is dominated by much longer correlation times that may be related to the geometry of the macromolecular matrix in which the hydrated aqueous sodium ions diffuse. In the case of xanthan, the macromolecular ordering causes residual quadrupolar splitting and enables the measurement of several very long correlation times. One of these appears to agree with the Kuhn length of xanthan that was determined by light scattering experiments on dilute solutions. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 294–325, 2001
Upper respiratory tract secretions: pathophysiology. (1987)

Nasal fluid is a heterogeneous substance. It consists largely of a secretory product derived from the 100,000 small seromucous glands. The anterior part of the nose has a relatively high secretory capacity, but this does not seem to be caused by secretion from the 200 anterior serous glands. Compared to sputum, nasal secretion has a lower viscosity, but comparable spinability; it has a lower dry weight, and content of sulphate, sugars and most proteins, but a comparable level of albumin. Watery rhinorrhoea is mainly reflex-mediated. Watery, but not purulent nasal discharge can be reduced by the cholinoceptor antagonist, ipratropium, administered in a dose which matches the degree of the symptoms. It seems likely that the nose, in some respects, can serve as a model for the analysis of airway secretions, but a comparative study of nasal and of bronchial secretions sampled in an identical way is warranted.
PREPARATION OF RADIOPROTECTIVE AGENTS. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1959 to August 31, 1962 (1963)

Bunte salts were synthesized in the hope that the radioprotective action of these compounds would be retained while reducing the toxicity level. It was found that some of the compounds did have fair to good radioprotective action, and in particular N-methylaminoethyl-thiosulfuric acid was found to be superior to the rest of the compounds evaluated. Their toxicity level was usually lower than the corresponding mercaptans. A method of screening compounds using polarographic techniques for the purpose of predicting their effectiveness as radioprotective agents was also developed. It was found that there was some correlation between the radioprotective action of the compounds and their oxidation-reduction potentials. Two approaches were attempted to incorporate radioprotective groups into a polymeric form. In both cases complications arose due to the extreme labile nature of the reactive groups. A third consideration arose from the desirability of maintaining a soluble polymeric material that would be amenable to infusion into the body. As a result various systems were tried to enhance the solubility of the polymer in aqueous solution while maintaining the appropriate radioprotective functional groups. Only a few polymers were able to complete these requirements and these at best could not be produced as originally conceived. Of themore » systems tried, three polymeric materials were submitted for evaluation. (auth)« less
Antibody-Dependent Complement-Mediated Killing of Schistosomula in Intraperitoneal Diffusion Chambers in Mice (1979)

Abstract The present investigations were designed to determine the biologic role of the different host defense mechanisms against schistosomiasis mansoni that are independent of direct cell-parasite contact. Schistosomula were placed in Millipore chambers of 0.22-µm pore size and were implanted i.p. into immune and nonimmune age- and sex-matched control mice. Significant degree of mortality was detected on recovery of the implanted schistosomula at 24 hr; the mean dead organisms in immune animals was 30 ± 4% as compared to 10 ± 2% in control mice (p &amp;lt; 0.01). This effect on the implanted schistosomula into immune mice was confirmed by injecting these organisms into normal recipients and by recovering those that mature to adult worms. The ability of immune mice to kill significant numbers of implanted schistosomula was dependent on the intensity of infection and developed only after 8 weeks, which parallels the onset of protective immunity in vivo. Adoptive transfer of immune sera to normal recipients resulted in a mean of 23 ± 2% dead schistosomula in the recipient mice, which represents approximately 65% of the protection detected in the donor animals. Depletion of the eosinophils or neutrophils in the immune mice did not alter their ability to kill significant numbers of the implanted schistosomula. Cobra venom factor treatment, on the other hand, resulted in abrogation of the significant schistosomula killing detected in immune mice or in animals adoptively transferred with immune serum. These results demonstrate that specific acquired immunity to schistosomiasis in vivo is partially mediated by humoral factors and is dependent on the presence of complement. The Millipore chambers may help elucidate the significance of the many mechanisms which have already been described for host immune responses against the multicellular parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
Kinetics of Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene in Ethanol. 1. Model Development (1997)

Dispersion polymerization in polar organic media is a heterogeneous polymerization process that combines solution polymerization in the continuous phase with microbulk polymerization in the disperse particle phase. The relative prevalence of the two polymerization modes is dependent on a number of reaction variables. A mechanistic picture of dispersion polymerization during the particle growth phase is presented and mathematical models of the rate of polymerization and particle growth during seeded batch and continuous polymerization is developed.
Modelling of the deterioration and conservation costs of polychrome painted wood in two Norwegian medieval stone churches (2023)

EnvCul (https://envcul.nilu.no/) modelling was performed of condition changes of painted wooden panels and related conservation cost in indoor climate and object response scenarios in two Norwegian Medieval stone churches: Kinn (mean relative humidity = 79%) on the humid west coast, and Ringsaker (mean RH = 49%) in the drier eastern part of the country. It was found that, hypothetical, building measures in Kinn, and conservation heating measures in Ringsaker, to approach an indoor RH of about 65% in the two churches, could probably increase conservation intervals with 20–100%, and correspondingly reduce conservation costs between 10% and 50%. This is in reasonable agreement with an available report of observed conservation requirements in differently heated Norwegian churches. A situation between a linear and accelerating development of the deterioration of the painted wood on approaching a new conservation intervention gave the best correspondence to the observed values. The large modelling uncertainty was mainly due to lacking observations of the deterioration development, but also lacking understanding of the complex mechanisms and phases of the environmental dose-deterioration response of painting conservation treatments.
Cellular gene expression for calbidin‐D28k in mouse kidney (1990)

Gene expression for calbindin-D28k, the 28,000 relative molecular mass vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, was measured in cells of the murine nephron by in situ hybridization on tissue sections (hybridization cytochemistry). Radiolabeled (35S-UTP), single-stranded RNA complementary to calbindin-D28k-mRNA (probe RNA) was prepared from linearized cDNA template and used for the hybridizations. Autoradiography was carried out and cellular levels of hybridization signal (silver grains) were quantified. After correction for background the concentration of silver grains was more than 350% greater in the distal tubule than in either the proximal tubule or the glomerulus. The relative cellular level of mRNA in the cytoplasm, as reflected in silver grains/cell, of the distal tubules with probe RNA was 3.4 times greater than that with control RNA. Cells of the distal tubule were the only apparent sites of specific hybridization with probe RNA. The presence of calbindin-D28k-mRNA in the distal tubule corresponded to the localization of calbindin-D28k by immunocytochemistry.
Synthesis and Utility of 2‐Halo‐O6‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐Functionalized Purine Nucleosides (2010)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of 2‐halo‐ O 6 ‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐substituted purine nucleosides has been accomplished via (benzotriazol‐1‐yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP)‐mediated coupling and subsequent halogenation via diazotization of the 2‐amino group of various protected guanosines and directly from guanosine itself. These products are amenable to substitution and coupling reactions in the 2‐ and 6‐positions and, accordingly, provide efficient access to highly functionalized purine nucleosides.
Human Lactational and Ovarian Response to Endogenous Prolactin Release (1972)

Radioimmunoassayable prolactin rises in postpartum women during nursing and after intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Prolactin release induced by TRH can be dissociated from the postsuckling response. In addition to this, increases in endogenous prolactin secretion are followed by marked breast engorgement and milk letdown, especially after intravenous TRH. In this group of breast-feeding women, vaginal smears remained atrophic even up to 410 postpartum days. Prolactin appears to influence the production of breast milk, and the maintenance of a regular nursing pattern seems to promote the maintenance of ovarian unresponsiveness to circulating gonadotropins.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Deficiency of Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Group 7 Decreases Intestinal Polyposis and Colon Tumorigenesis in <i>Apc<sup>Min</sup></i><sup>/+</sup> Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 60K, cPAF-induced de-phosphorylation of pAKT473 does not require Gαi/ Gαo or PKA&lt;/p&gt;
Development of nanostructure based antireflection coatings for EO/IR sensor applications (2012)

EO/IR Nanosensors are being developed for a variety of Defense and Commercial Systems Applications. These include UV, Visible, NIR, MWIR and LWIR Nanotechnology based Sensors. The conventional SWIR Sensors use InGaAs based IR Focal Plane Array (FPA) that operate in 1.0-1.8 micron region. Similarly, MWIR Sensors use InSb or HgCdTe based FPA that is sensitive in 3-5 micron region. More recently, there is effort underway to evaluate low cost SiGe visible and near infrared band that covers from 0.4 to 1.6 micron and beyond to 1.8 microns. One of the critical technologies that will enhance the EO/IR sensor performance is the development of high quality nanostructure based antireflection coating. In this paper, we will discuss our modeling approach and experimental results for using oblique angle nanowires growth technique for extending the application for UV, Visible and NIR sensors and their utility for longer wavelength application. The AR coating is designed by using a genetic algorithm and fabricated by using oblique angle deposition. The AR coating is designed for the wavelength range of 250 nm to 2500 nm and 0° to 40° angle of incidence. These nanostructure AR coatings have shown to enhance the optical transmission in the band of interest and minimize the reflection loss to less than 3 percent substantial improvement from the thin film AR coatings technology.
Concentration Gradient of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Vitreous of Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema (2009)

In DME, vitreous VEGF concentration correlates with mean foveal thickness measured on OCT. VEGF concentration was higher in premacular vitreous than in mid-vitreous and peripheral cortical vitreous, suggesting diffusion from the macular region to the periphery, and from the posterior to the anterior globe.
Restocking Task Robot System based on Object Stability Recognition at Store (2020)

We propose robot system for restocking task at retail stores. At the store, restocking robot needs to watch out for the floor environment and pay attention to the restocking product. Therefore, our proposed robot system adjusts robot max velocity and acceleration by the floor environment and restocking product. These Parameters are adjusted by previous task data, stability recognition result of restocking product and task success or failure. We validated the effectiveness of the proposed robot system by an experiment where a moving dual-arm robot restocked products at retail stores while adjusting robot max velocity and acceleration by the floor environment and the restocking product.
Wear behavior analysis using the multi-mass tire model (2017)

The purpose of the present study is to propose an analytical model for tires and to examine the mechanism of polygonal wear based on numerical results obtained using this model. Polygonal wear is an abnormal phenomenon that occurs in time-delay systems. A number of studies on polygonal wear of tires have been conducted. However, investigation of the growth process of polygonal wear is not sufficient because the surface shape of the tire changes constantly with wear. Therefore, a numerical simulation model that can examine transient behavior is necessary. In the present paper, we propose a tire model composed of mass points. The wheel is simulated as a rigid body, and the tire tread as a number of masses positioned around the circumference of the wheel. The tire masses are connected to points around the circumference of the wheel by rotational and translational Voigt elements, and the tire masses are connected by rotational and translational Voigt elements. The contact between the tire and the road surface is assumed to be elastic. Numerical simulations are carried out under several conditions using the proposed model. The distributions of the stress and the slip ratio are obtained, and the wear shapes of tires are examined using the proposed model. We show that polygonal wear occurs under certain conditions. Finally, a tire model that expresses these basic characteristics is proposed and its usefulness is demonstrated.
Adaptive subbands excited transform (ASET) coding (2005)

This paper describes a medium-bit-rate speech compression algorithm for telephone applications. The basic configuration of the adaptive subbands excited transform (ASET) coder can be described as frequency domain residual subbands coding, a hybrid of transform coding and residual excited coding. The algorithm outperforms traditional RELP (residual excited linear predictive) coders for both speech and non-speech signals. The algorithm is much less complex than adaptive transform coding (ATC) algorithms, yet at 16-kb/s it produces comparable speech quality. A multichannel hardware implementation of the algorithm has been developed and is reported in [1].
Transesterification of Canola Oil to Biodiesel Using MgO Loaded with KOH as a Heterogeneous Catalyst (2008)

In this study, transesterification of canola oil with methanol has been studied in a heterogeneous system, using MgO-supported KOH catalysts. All of the catalysts were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation of an aqueous solution of KOH on MgO support. Effects of the methanol/canola oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, loadings of KOH, and reaction time in biodiesel production were investigated. The catalyst with 20 wt % KOH loaded on MgO gave the highest basicity and the best catalytic activity for this reaction. The highest conversion of canola oil of 99.36% and the highest FAME yield of 95.05% were obtained.
Sur Sur / South South (2017)

Brown, C. (Choreography; co-direction; performance; video installation), Harvey, M. (Video installation), Longley, A. (Choreography; performance; installation),Vargas, M. (Curation; direction; choreography),Loncon, E. (Performer; musician/singer), Corvalán-Pincheira, M. (Performance objects), Oyarzun, B. (Video installation), Goujon, D. (Video documentation)