gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroatom‐Guided Torquoselective Olefination of α‐Oxy and α‐Amino Ketones via Ynolates (2005)

Ynolates were found to react with alpha-alkoxy-, alpha-siloxy-, and alpha-aryloxyketones at room temperature to afford tetrasubstituted olefins with high Z selectivity. Since the geometrical selectivity was determined in the ring opening of the beta-lactone enolate intermediates, the torquoselectivity was controlled by the ethereal oxygen atoms. From experimental and theoretical studies, the high Z selectivity is induced by orbital and steric interactions rather than by chelation. In a similar manner, alpha-dialkylamino ketones provided olefins with excellent Z selectivity. These products can be easily converted into multisubstituted butenolides and gamma-butyrolactams in good yield.
A Study On The Effects Of Ground Via Fences, Embedded Patterned Layer, And Metal Surface Roughness On Conductor Backed Coplanar Waveguide (2015)

Electrical engineers have responded to the increasing demand for circuit speed and functionality by reducing transistor feature size and increasing on-chip transistor density. Consequently, interconnect density, both on-chip and the system level is also increasing. Increasing circuit speed translates into shorter clock cycles and signals with faster edge rates, which have multi-GHz bandwidth. Densely packed parallel interconnects will cause signal integrity problems not only due to the increase in crosstalk noise but also due to the intrinsic low pass filter characteristics of the interconnects. The lossy nature of the interconnects is also going to increase due to metal surface roughness at higher frequencies, which will further degrade the signal quality at the receiver input. Embedded Patterned Layer (EPL), which is a patterned floating metal layer between a signal trace and its return path shows promise in reducing far-end crosstalk (FEXT). EPL also allows designers to modify the characteristic impedance of interconnects by varying the different physical parameters of the EPL. This dissertation analyzes the effect of EPL on conductor backed coplanar waveguides (CB-CPW). CB-CPWs excite higher order modes at high frequencies, so work was done to understand the effect of different ground via fence parameters in suppressing the higher modes which helps increase the interconnect bandwidth. A CB-CPW with ground via fence is called a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). A very basic lumped element model transmission line model was developed to account for the effect of floating metals near a transmission line. This model was then used to explain the effect of EPL on a GCPW with large bandwidth. EPL reduces the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. Engineers can then design narrow high impedance transmission lines and use EPL to reduce the impedance to a desired value. This also allows reduction in crosstalk by increasing the spacing between the transmission lines. The EPL also reduced the differential impedance of a grounded conductor backed edge coupled coplanar waveguide, when it was used for differential signaling. Care must be taken to make sure that the EPL is symmetric to both the legs of the differential pair to avoid differential to common mode energy conversion, which can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. EPL reduced FEXT while increasing near-end crosstalk (NEXT), when the coupled transmission line system was used for single ended signaling. Finally, a statistical method for modeling transmission line metal surface roughness in three dimensional (3D) full wave electromagnetic solvers was developed to account for increased attenuation in transmission lines, at high frequencies, due to metal surface roughness.
Hybrid Image Processing Technique for the Robust Identification of Unstained Cells in Bright-Field Microscope Images (2008)

The initial results of a robust technique for the identification of unstained cells in bright-field microscope images captured with high magnification lenses are presented. This is part of an extensive study on the effects of DNA damage to cell viability induced by multi-photon absorption. The method makes use of a variety of image processing algorithms together with expert knowledge of cell morphology during the cell cycle. Single stem cells are identified by first detecting their cell nucleoli and then clustering into nuclear groups. Experimental results, for a representative sample of images, are compared with ground truth labeling by skilled biologists. Despite the low contrast and high variability in appearance of cells in bright-field microscope images, the reported technique displays a detection rate of over 79% for the correct number of identified cells. The methodology implemented has sufficient accuracy and speed for the development of high- throughput robotic systems.
An Improved Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)-Conjugated Multiantigen Subunit Vaccine Against Respiratory Tularemia (2018)

<i>Francisella tularensis</i>, the causative agent of the fatal human disease known as tularemia is classified as a Category A Select Agent by the Centers for Disease Control. No licensed vaccine is currently available for prevention of tularemia in the United States. Previously, we published that a tri-antigen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vaccine confers 50% protection in immunized mice against respiratory tularemia caused by <i>F. tularensis</i>. In this study, we refined the TMV-vaccine formulation to improve the level of protection in immunized C57BL/6 mice against respiratory tularemia. We developed a tetra-antigen vaccine by conjugating OmpA, DnaK, Tul4, and SucB proteins of <i>Francisella</i> to TMV. CpG was also included in the vaccine formulation as an adjuvant. Primary intranasal (i.n.) immunization followed by two booster immunizations with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine protected 100% mice against i.n. 10LD<sub>100</sub> challenges dose of <i>F. tularensis</i> live vaccine strain (LVS). Mice receiving three immunization doses of tetra-antigen TMV vaccine showed only transient body weight loss, cleared the infection rapidly, and showed minimal histopathological lesions in lungs, liver, and spleen following a lethal respiratory challenge with <i>F. tularensis</i> LVS. Mice immunized with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine also induced strong <i>ex vivo</i> recall responses and were protected against a lethal challenge as late as 163 days post-primary immunization. Three immunization with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine also induced a stronger humoral immune response predominated by IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c antibodies than mice receiving only a single or two immunizations. Remarkably, a single dose protected 40% of mice, while two doses protected 80% of mice from lethal pathogen challenge. Immunization of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-deficient mice with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine demonstrated an absolute requirement of IFN-γ for the generation of protective immune response against a lethal respiratory challenge with <i>F. tularensis</i> LVS. Collectively, this study further demonstrates the feasibility of TMV as an efficient platform for the delivery of multiple <i>F. tularensis</i> antigens and that tetra-antigen TMV vaccine formulation provides complete protection, and induces long-lasting protective and memory immune responses against respiratory tularemia caused by <i>F. tularensis</i> LVS.
Characterization of Clinical Cases of Malignant PEComa via Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of DNA and RNA (2020)

We describe for the first time mPEComa cases with FLCN mutations under LOH, further characterizing dysregulation of the mTOR pathway as a unifying theme in mPEC-oma. Cumulatively, we demonstrate the feasibility and potential utility of segregating mPEComa by TSC, TFE3, and FLCN status via CGP in clinical care.
Genomic analysis of LexA binding reveals the permissive nature of the Escherichia coli genome and identifies unconventional target sites (2005)

Genomes of eukaryotic organisms are packaged into nucleosomes that restrict the binding of transcription factors to accessible regions. Bacteria do not contain histones, but they have nucleoid-associated proteins that have been proposed to function analogously. Here, we combine chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to define the in vivo DNA targets of the LexA transcriptional repressor in Escherichia coli. We demonstrate a near-universal relationship between the presence of a LexA sequence motif, LexA binding in vitro, and LexA binding in vivo, suggesting that a suitable recognition site for LexA is sufficient for binding in vivo. Consistent with this observation, LexA binds comparably to ectopic target sites introduced at various positions in the genome. We also identify approximately 20 novel LexA targets that lack a canonical LexA sequence motif, are not bound by LexA in vitro, and presumably require an additional factor for binding in vivo. Our results indicate that, unlike eukaryotic genomes, the E. coli genome is permissive to transcription factor binding. The permissive nature of the E. coli genome has important consequences for the nature of transcriptional regulatory proteins, biological specificity, and evolution.
Estimation of Radiated Emissions From PV System Through Black Box Approach (2021)

The radiated emissions from a photovoltaic (PV) system can be potential interference sources to nearby electronic devices. This article proposes a novel black box approach to estimate the radiated emissions in the frequency range of 150 kHz–30 MHz. By extracting the power converter as a “radio frequency (RF) noise source black box” and characterizing the PV panel with its connecting dc cable as a “radiation black box,” the radiated emissions from any PV system can be easily estimated without prior knowledge of the internal details of the PV panel and the power converter. Using a commercially available PV system as a test case, the validity of the proposed approach for the radiated emissions estimation in the frequency range of interest has been verified experimentally.
CD80 and CD86 Differentially Regulate Mechanical Interactions of T-Cells with Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells and B-Cells (2012)

Functional T-cell responses are initiated by physical interactions between T-cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs) and B-cells. T-cells are activated more effectively by DCs than by B-cells, but little is known about the key molecular mechanisms that underpin the particular potency of DC in triggering T-cell responses. To better understand the influence of physical intercellular interactions on APC efficacy in activating T-cells, we used single cell force spectroscopy to characterize and compare the mechanical forces of interactions between DC:T-cells and B:T-cells. Following antigen stimulation, intercellular interactions of DC:T-cell conjugates were stronger than B:T-cell interactions. DCs induced higher levels of T-cell calcium mobilization and production of IL-2 and IFNγ than were elicited by B-cells, thus suggesting that tight intercellular contacts are important in providing mechanically stable environment to initiate T-cell activation. Blocking antibodies targeting surface co-stimulatory molecules CD80 or CD86 weakened intercellular interactions and dampen T-cell activation, highlighting the amplificatory roles of CD80/86 in regulating APC:T-cell interactions and T-cell functional activation. The variable strength of mechanical forces between DC:T-cells and B:T-cell interactions were not solely dependent on differential APC expression of CD80/86, since DCs were superior to B-cells in promoting strong interactions with T-cells even when CD80 and CD86 were inhibited. These data provide mechanical insights into the effects of co-stimulatory molecules in regulating APC:T-cell interactions.
supplemental figure legend from SPARC Expression Did Not Predict Efficacy of <i>nab</i>-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine or Gemcitabine Alone for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer in an Exploratory Analysis of the Phase III MPACT Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplemental figure legend&lt;/p&gt;
Optimization and Evaluation of Torque-Sharing Functions for Torque Ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (2009)

Two improved torque-sharing functions for implementing torque ripple minimization (TRM) control are presented in this paper. The proposed torque-sharing functions are dependent on the turn-on angle, overlap angle, and the expected torque. This study shows that for a given torque the turn-on angle and the overlap angle have significant effects upon speed range, maximum speed, copper loss, and efficiency. Hence, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the turn-on angle and the overlap angle at various expected torque demands operating under the proposed TRM control in order to maximize the speed range and minimize the copper loss. Furthermore, four torque-sharing functions are used to derive the optimized results. At the same time, a fast and accurate online approach to compute the optimal turn-on and overlap angles is proposed. Therefore, this paper provides a valuable method to improve the performances of switched reluctance motor drives operating under TRM control.
914 MHz path loss prediction models for indoor wireless communications in multifloored buildings (1992)

Qualitative models are presented that predict the effects of walls, office partitions, floors, and building layout on the path loss at 914 MHz. The site-specific models have been developed based on the number of floors, partitions, and concrete walls between the transmitter and receiver, and provide simple prediction rules which relate signal strength to the log of distance. The standard deviation between measured and predicted path loss is 5.8 dB for the entire data set, and can be as small as 4 dB for specific areas within a building. Average floor attenuation factors, which describe the additional path loss (in decibels) caused by floors between transmitter and receiver, are found for as many as four floors in a typical office building. Path loss contour plots for measured data are presented. In addition, contour plots for the path loss prediction error indicate that the prediction models presented are accurate to within 6 dB for a majority of locations in a building.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
β-Endorphin attenuates collagen-induced arthritis partially by inhibiting peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators (2018)

The classical analgesic pathway of opioids by binding their receptors in the nervous system is well known. However, little is known regarding opioid analgesia through the anti-inflammatory pathway. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of β-endorphin on inflammatory pain. A rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was generated by intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen. Rats were divided into the CIA + saline group and the CIA + β-endorphin group, in which rats were intraperitoneally injected with β-endorphin once every other day from day 18 following the injection of CII until day 28. Thermal hyperalgesia as determined by tail flick latency (TFL), as well as paw arthritis index and swelling. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in synovial tissue and their protein levels in paw inflammatory tissue were measured. The rat CIA model was successfully induced as indicated by the significantly decreased TFL, increased paw arthritis index and percentage of swelling on day 18. β-endorphin treatment significantly increased the TFL, while decreasing the paw arthritis index and swelling in CIA rats. It also significantly downregulated TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression in synovial tissue and their protein levels in inflammatory tissue of the paws of CIA rats, while it had no significant effect on the levels of IL-6. These results indicated that β-endorphin suppresses peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators in collagen-induced arthritis, which may contribute to its analgesic effect.
Management of Listeria monocytogenes on Surfaces via Relative Air Humidity: Key Role of Cell Envelope (2021)

Although relative air humidity (RH) strongly influences microbial survival, its use for fighting surface pathogens in the food industry has been inadequately considered. We asked whether RH control could destroy <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGDe by envelope damage. The impact of dehydration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 75%, 68%, 43% and 11% RH on the bacterial envelope was investigated using flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy. Changes after rehydration in the protein secondary structure and peptidoglycan were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Complementary cultivability measurements were performed by running dehydration-rehydration with combinations of NaCl (3-0.01%), distilled water, city water and PBS. The main results show that cell membrane permeability and cell envelope were greatly altered during dehydration in PBS at 68% RH followed by rapid rehydration. This damage led cells to recover only 67% of their initial volume after rehydration. Moreover, the most efficient way to destroy cells was dehydration and rehydration in city water. Our study indicates that rehydration of dried, sullied foods on surfaces may improve current cleaning procedures in the food industry.
Prevention and Management of Positional Skull Deformities in Infants (2003)

Cranial asymmetry may be present at birth or may develop during the first few months of life. Over the past several years, pediatricians have seen an increase in the number of children with cranial asymmetry, particularly unilateral flattening of the occiput. This increase likely is attributable to parents following the American Academy of Pediatrics "Back to Sleep" positioning recommendations aimed at decreasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Although associated with some risk of deformational plagiocephaly, healthy young infants should be placed down for sleep on their backs. This practice has been associated with a dramatic decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatricians need to be able to properly diagnose skull deformities, educate parents on methods to proactively decrease the likelihood of the development of occipital flattening, initiate appropriate management, and make referrals when necessary. This report provides guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of positional skull deformity in an otherwise normal infant without evidence of associated anomalies, syndromes, or spinal disease.
LDL Cholesterol Modulates Human CD34+ HSPCs through Effects on Proliferation and the IL-17 G-CSF Axis (2013)

Our findings support a model where LDL cholesterol levels positively correlate with CD34+ HSPC levels in humans through effects on the levels of G-CSF via IL-17 promoting mobilization of HSPCs, and by direct effects of LDL cholesterol on HSPC proliferation. The findings are provocative of further study to determine if HSPCs, like cholesterol levels, are linked to CVD events.
Association between the rs1465040 single-nucleotide polymorphism close to the transient receptor potential subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3) gene and postoperative analgesic requirements (2015)

An association between postoperative analgesic requirements in subjects who underwent orthognathic surgery and the rs1465040 single-nucleotide polymorphism close to the transient receptor potential subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3) gene was suggested by our previous genome-wide association study. To verify this association, we analyzed the association between the rs1465040 SNP and analgesic requirements, including opioid requirements, after open abdominal surgery. The association between the rs1465040 SNP and postoperative analgesic requirements was confirmed in the open abdominal surgery group (P = 0.036), suggesting that the TRPC3 SNP may contribute to predicting postoperative analgesic requirements.
Interference subspace rejection: a framework for multiuser detection in wideband CDMA (2002)

We present a unifying framework for a new class of receivers that employ linearly-constrained interference cancellation (IC). The associated multiuser detectors operate in various modes and options ranging in performance from that of IC detectors to that of linear receivers, yet provide more attractive performance/complexity tradeoffs. They exploit both space and time diversities as well as the array-processing capabilities of multiple antennas and carry out simultaneous channel and timing estimation, signal combining and interference rejection. Additionally, they can operate on both links and in multiple mixed-rate traffic scenarios. The improved performance can be translated to increased utilization of wideband code division multiple access networks, particularly at high data rates.
Study on the mechanism of inhibition of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis by polyprenoic acid. (1985)

肝発癌過程と正常肝再生過程におけるpolyprenoic acid(以下E-5166)投与の影響について,hyperplastic nodule (以下HPN)のDNA合成とその誘導という点から検討した.すなわち,Solt & Farberの発癌モデルを基本とし,E-5166の投与量,投与時期の異なる4つのgroupを作成し,1～5週目まで毎週,DNA合成はautoradiographyで解析し,HPNの誘導はgamma-glutamyltranspeptidase活性染色をして検討した.その結果,initiater投与後7日間E-5166を10mg/kg投与したgroupで最もよくHPNのDNA合成と誘導は抑制された.次に,partial hepatectomy後の正常肝再生過程において,E-5166前投与groupでは,DNA合成は遅延し,残存肝細胞がG0→G1→S phaseへ移行する時間の延長が確認できた.以上の事実より,E-5166は肝発癌過程や正常肝再生過程において,肝細胞増殖抑制作用をもち,cycletimeを延長させることにより,その作用が発現する可能性が示唆された.
Ultra Low Dose Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Protects Mouse Liver from Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (2015)

A single ultralow dose THC can reduce the apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory injury induced by hepatic I/R injury. THC may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic I/R injury during liver transplantation, liver resection and trauma.
Turbulent flow in porous media: Does the nonlinear velocity/flow potential equation produce chaos? (1996)

This paper shows that the nonlinear momentum equation used in turbulent flow in porous media produces non chaotic results at all time. The proof is accomplished in two ways. First, the flow potential is shown to be a Lyapunov function implying that fluid particles are always attracted towards fixed points with minimum hydraulic head, repelled by fixed points with maximum hydraulic head and that only fluid particles who are along the incoming separatrix are attracted by saddle fixed points. In addition, the fact that the rate of change of the Lyapunov function with time is negative means that flow paths cannot get tangled up. Hence, the flow trajectories do not have the chance to create a strange attractor. Second, the inner product of the velocity vector and the vorticity vector is shown to be identically zero. Therefore, no helicity (i.e., no wobbling motion of fluid elements) is present in the flow field and thus a fluid particle cannot revisit any of its previous locations. Therefore, trajectories cannot cross themselves. The advantages of using nonlinear dynamics to study the stability characteristics of nonlinear flow in porous media are: (1) no solution of the governing equation is required and (2) the spatial variation of the hydraulic conductivity is arbitrary with smoothness being the only required condition.
Elevated Serum Thymosin α1Levels Associated with Evidence of Immune Dysregulation in Male Homosexuals with a History of Infectious Diseases or Kaposi's Sarcoma (1983)

Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Elevated Serum Thymosin α1 Levels Associated with Evidence of Immune Dysregulation in Male Homosexuals with a History of Infectious Diseases or Kaposi's Sarcoma