gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neopterin and interferon‐gamma in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV‐associated neurologic disease (1991)

We measured the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and neopterin in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 121 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) and 62-seronegative (HIV-) individuals evaluated for neurologic disease. CSF levels of IFN-gamma and serum and CSF levels of neopterin were higher in HIV+ than in HIV- individuals. Patients with HIV- related meningitis and with opportunistic CNS infections had higher serum neopterin levels than HIV+ asymptomatic individuals. CSF levels of IFN-gamma were slightly higher in CSF of HIV+ individuals in all groups (0.31 +/- 0.03 U/ml) than in HIV- individuals (0.12 +/- 0.03). CSF levels of neopterin were similar in HIV+ asymptomatic individuals (6.9 +/- 0.7 nmol/l) and HIV- individuals (5.9 +/- 1.1), but were elevated in those HIV-infected individuals with neurologic disease, particularly patients with HIV-associated meningitis (72.1 +/- 13.3 nmol/l), opportunistic CNS infections (36 +/- 9.1), and inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (32.4 +/- 17.2). Levels of neopterin correlated positively with levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor and soluble CD8, 2 additional indicators of immune activation. In the absence of neurologic disease, levels of IFN-gamma and neopterin in both serum and CSF were stable for up to 4 years after seroconversion. These data suggest that increased CSF neopterin is associated with HIV-associated neurologic disease.
Cyclic changes in translation of the mitochondrial isoenzyme account for the rhythm of aspartate aminotransferase activity in Leptosphaeria michotii (1990)

Aspartate aminotransferase in Leptosphaeria michotii has previously been shown to have an activity rhythm in constant conditions. The enzyme is present as two isofonns whose levels were quantified along the activity rhythm by ELISA, using specific polyclonal antibodies raised against polypeptides purified to a state of apparent homogeneity. The time‐course of the level of the cytosolic isoform remained unchanged along the experiment. On the contrary, the cyclic variations in amount and transaminase activity (using cysteine sulfinate as substrate) of the mitochondrial isofonn gave rise to the aspartate aminotransferase activity rhythm of the fungus. The mRNA levels of the two isofonns, as determined by in vitro heterologous translation, remained monotonous along the daily cycle. These results and the sensitivity of the rhythm towards protein synthesis inhibitors are consistent with the hypothesis that the aspartate aminotransferase activity rhythm in this species is caused by some mechanism controlling the efficiency of translation of mitochondrial isoform mRNA.
Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes with reliability information for a noncoherent RAKE-receiver in a CDMA-environment (2002)

The generation and the use of reliability information for the decoding process of convolutionally encoded data in the context of a CDMA-environment is addressed. Special emphasis lies on the noncoherent detection of M-ary orthogonal symbols with a RAKE-receiver. Although symbol by symbol decisions are carried out, it is possible to characterize the reliability of the individual bits with specific soft information. This can be exploited successfully by a Viterbi decoder. A significant improvement of the bit error performance is achieved, even on low signal to noise conditions. The paper starts with the derivation of the maximum likelihood (ML) criteria for the detection of binary data on the AWGN channel and the binary symmetric channel (BSC).
Prediction of Thermoacoustic Instability and Fluid–Structure Interactions for Gas Turbine Combustor (2022)

Abstract This work simulates a laboratory-scale three-dimensional methane/air burner, which features a bluff body stabilized, lean partially premixed flame experiencing strong limit cycle oscillations. A thin steel liner is installed around the combustion chamber, which heavily interacts with the flow field and produces large amplitude structural deformation via fluid–structure interaction (FSI). An unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach uses the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model and a flamelet generated manifold (FGM) combustion model to predict the thermoacoustic oscillations in the turbulent reacting flow. The solver also has a built-in finite element structure model, which solves the structural governing equations simultaneously with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-computed, finite volume flow equations. This way, a fully coupled, two-way FSI simulation can be performed to predict the thermoacoustic instabilities and the associated solid deformations in the burner. Overall, the predicted strongest pressure oscillation and wall displacement modes (frequency and amplitude) are all in good agreement with the experimental data across different operating conditions. The established workflow may support realistic gas turbine combustor design and prognosis.
A new silicon gas-flow sensor based on lift force (1998)

This paper presents the first silicon-flow sensor based on lift force. The sensor is a bulk-micromachined airfoil structure that uses the lift force as a sensing principle. The lift force acts normal to the flow in contrast to drag-force sensor types, where the force acts in the flow direction. The sensor utilizes the special distribution of the lift force along the length of the sensor structure. Since the sensor, like an airfoil, is mounted at a small angle to the flow, it induces very little flow disturbance. The sensor consists of two plates connected to a center beam. Each plate is 5/spl times/5-mm square with a thickness of 30 /spl mu/m. The flow-induced forces deflect the two plates in the same direction, but with different magnitude. The deflections are detected by polysilicon strain gauges. The differential mode bridge makes the sensor insensitive to common mode deflection, e.g., acceleration forces. The lift-force principle is characterized using fundamental airfoil theory. The sensor has been experimentally verified, and a flow sensitivity of 7.4 /spl mu/V/V/(m/s)/sup 2/ has been measured in both flow directions.
In vitro production and partial purification of Plasmodium falciparum antigen. (1979)

A simple technique for achieving high yields of Plasmodium falciparum parasites on a continuous basis is described. The technique is applicable in any laboratory. The culture apparatus is also simple and inexpensive and allows multiple cultures to be run simultaneously. A total of approximately 1-2 x 10(9) parasites can be harvested per culture flask per week requiring the use of only 40.0 ml of culture medium (RPMI 1640), 5.0 ml of human sera, and 2.0 ml of outdated human whole blood. P. falciparum parasites (segmenters containing individual merozoites) are cultured in vitro and concentrated 10-15 fold through the use of discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient centrifugation.Commercial saponin is purified on a Sephadex G-25 column. The haemolytic effect of purified saponin related to human red blood cell concentration is studied. Preliminary observations on the action of some synthetic detergents and enzymes on human erythrocytes are also reported. Purified saponin is used to lyse red blood cells infected with in vitro cultured P. falciparum for the preparation of merozoite antigen. Further purification of parasite material is carried out by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
Quantification of a selenium-containing protein in yeast extract via an accurate determination of a tryptic peptide by species-specific isotope dilution capillary HPLC-ICP MS (2005)

A method based on the species-specific isotope dilution analysis was developed for the accurate determination ofanAsp-Tyr-SeMet-Gly-Ala-Ala-Lys peptide directly in a tryptic digest of an aqueous extract ofselenized yeast.For this purpose a 7 7 Se labeled peptide to be used as a standard had been purified by 2D liquid chromatography from yeast grown on 7 7 SeO 3 -rich culture and quantified by reversed-phase isotope dilution analysis. The sample mixed with the 7 7 Se-labeled peptide spike was analyzed by capillary HPLC-ICP collision cell MS. The isotopic labeling allowed the unequivocal identification of the peptide among all the Se species detected. It compensates for retention time shift and possible peak distortion due to the injection of a complex salt-rich matrix onto a capillary column. The isotope ratio of selenium ( 7 7 Se/ 8 0 Se) was measured in the peak corresponding to the peptide of interest enabling its accurate quantification by isotope dilution. The determined concentration of the peptide, which was quantitatively ferried from a selenized 12 kDa heat-shock protein, made the quantification ofthe latter possible by capillary HPLC-ICP MS directly in a yeast extract, without any additional purification.
Design Optimization of the Graz Cycle Prototype Plant (2004)

Introduction of closed-cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. The use of well-established gas turbine technology enhanced by recent research results enables designers even today to present proposals for prototype plants. Research and development work of TTM Institute of Graz University of Technology since the 1990s has lead to the Graz cycle, a zero-emission power cycle of highest efficiency and with most positive features. In this work the design for a prototype plant based on current technology as well as cutting-edge turbomachinery is presented. The object of such a plant shall be the demonstration of operational capabilities and shall lead to the planning and design of much larger units of highest reliability and thermal efficiency.
The Effect of ZDDP Additive in CVT Fluid on Increasing Friction Coefficient between Belt Elements and Pulleys of Belt-Drive Continuously Variable Transmissions (2000)

This paper discusses the effect of the zinc-dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive on increasing the friction obtained at the sliding interfaces between the elements and the pulleys of a belt-drive continuously variable transmission (B-CVT). Rig tests were performed with different types of CVT fluid to verify the effect of the ZDDP additive. The effect of surface roughness on film formation was also examined. The ZDDP additive increases the friction coefficient at the interfaces due to a film adsorbed on the sliding surface. A quantitative correlation was seen between the amount of Zn contained in the film and the friction coefficient as a measure of the B-CVT torque capacity. Under boundary conditions, the friction coefficient between the belt elements and the pulleys decreased as the amount of Zn was reduced due to oil degradation. Among the elements of the ZDDP additive and Ca phenate detergent, only the Zn concentration showed a correlation with the friction coefficient, which is attributed to the fact that the film contained Zn generated from the ZDDP additive.
Surgical adhesions in mice are derived from mesothelial cells and can be targeted by antibodies against mesothelial markers (2018)

Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous tissues that tether organs to one another or to the peritoneal wall and are a major cause of postsurgical and infectious morbidity. The primary molecular chain of events leading to the initiation of adhesions has been elusive, chiefly due to the lack of an identifiable cell of origin. Using clonal analysis and lineage tracing, we have identified injured surface mesothelium expressing podoplanin (PDPN) and mesothelin (MSLN) as a primary instigator of peritoneal adhesions after surgery in mice. We demonstrate that an anti-MSLN antibody diminished adhesion formation in a mouse model where adhesions were induced by surgical ligation to form ischemic buttons and subsequent surgical abrasion of the peritoneum. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of mouse mesothelial cells from injured mesothelium revealed aspects of the pathological mechanism of adhesion development and yielded several potential regulators of this process. Specifically, we show that PDPN<sup>+</sup>MSLN<sup>+</sup> mesothelium responded to hypoxia by early up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) that preceded adhesion development. Inhibition of HIF1α with small molecules ameliorated the injury program in damaged mesothelium and was sufficient to diminish adhesion severity in a mouse model. Analyses of human adhesion tissue suggested that similar surface markers and signaling pathways may contribute to surgical adhesions in human patients.
Unsupervised Deep Single-Image Intrinsic Decomposition using Illumination-Varying Image Sequences (2018)

Machine learning based Single Image Intrinsic Decomposition (SIID) methods decompose a captured scene into its albedo and shading images by using the knowledge of a large set of known and realistic ground truth decompositions. Collecting and annotating such a dataset is an approach that cannot scale to sufficient variety and realism. We free ourselves from this limitation by training on unannotated images. Our method leverages the observation that two images of the same scene but with different lighting provide useful information on their intrinsic properties: by definition, albedo is invariant to lighting conditions, and cross-combining the estimated albedo of a first image with the estimated shading of a second one should lead back to the second one's input image. We transcribe this relationship into a siamese training scheme for a deep convolutional neural network that decomposes a single image into albedo and shading. The siamese setting allows us to introduce a new loss function including such cross-combinations, and to train solely on (time-lapse) images, discarding the need for any ground truth annotations. As a result, our method has the good properties of i) taking advantage of the time-varying information of image sequences in the (pre-computed) training step, ii) not requiring ground truth data to train on, and iii) being able to decompose single images of unseen scenes at runtime. To demonstrate and evaluate our work, we additionally propose a new rendered dataset containing illumination-varying scenes and a set of quantitative metrics to evaluate SIID algorithms. Despite its unsupervised nature, our results compete with state of the art methods, including supervised and non data-driven methods.
Bariatric surgery for diabetes management (2009)

Although there are several surgical approaches for weight management, improvements in diabetes, including achievement of near normal glycemia without medication or reduced medications, are realized in many patients. Early surgical intervention for overweight type 2 diabetes may be clinically appropriate in patients for in whom operative risks are acceptable.
CONGENITAL HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA, DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AND RECURRENT PLACENTAL ABRUPTION (1987)

A patient with hypofibrinogenemia, deep vein thrombosis and recurrent placental abruption is reported. The persistently low plasma fibrinogen concentration strongly suggested that the condition was inherited, and this was supported by low fibrinogen levels and thrombosis tendency in the patient's brother. The exact nature of the condition is not known, but the close agreement between the clottable and immunologic fibrinogen -indicates the presence of a hyperfibrinogenemia sensu stricte rather than dysfibrinogenemia, and this was supported by uniformly negative tests to detect fibrinogen abnormalitied. Up to now, less than 50 cases of congenital hypofibrinogenemia have been reported. It is not entirely clear whether hypofibrinogenemia represents the heterozygous form of afibrinogenemia or whether itrepresents some sort- of dysfibrinogenemia with abnormal rate of biosynthesis but normal clotting and crosslinking functions. Four of the reported patients with hypofibrinogenemia had placental abruption, a complication which occursin less than of pregnancies. In addition, a relatively high proportion of patients withcongenital hypofibrinogenemiahad increased tendency to thrombosis. On this background it is tempting to speculate that the elevated fibrinogen during pregnancy serves other functions than to facilitate the formation of haemostatic plugs. Thus, during pregnancy and other socalled "acute phase" situations, minute amounts of fibrin may be generatedwithin the circulating blood. Since, moreover, the solvent for these fibrin molecules isfibrinogen, the possibility exists that hyperfibrinogenemia contributes to the prevention of thromboembolism by keeping trace amounts of fibrin in solution.
The biological function of antibodies induced by the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine candidate is determined by their fine specificity (2016)

Opsonization index was identified as a surrogate marker of protection induced by the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine and determined how antibody fine specificity is linked to opsonization activity. These findings suggest that the role of opsonization in protection in the RTS,S vaccine may be more complex than previously thought, and demonstrate how integrating multiple immune measures can provide insight into underlying mechanisms of immunity and protection.
Orbital lesions: proton spectroscopic phase-dependent contrast MR imaging. (1987)

Thirteen orbital lesions in 12 patients were evaluated with both conventional spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and phase-dependent proton spectroscopic imaging. This technique, which makes use of small differences in the resonant frequencies of water and fat protons, provides excellent high-resolution images with simultaneous chemical shift information. In this method, there is 180 degrees opposition of phase between fat protons and water protons at the time of the gradient echo, resulting in signal cancellation in voxels containing equal signals from fat and water. In this preliminary series, advantages of spectroscopic images in orbital lesions included better lesion delineation, with superior anatomic definition of orbital apex involvement; more specific characterization of high-intensity hemorrhage with a single pulse sequence; elimination of potential confusion from chemical shift misregistration artifact; further clarification of possible intravascular flow abnormalities; and improved apparent intralesional contrast.
Linearity Testing of Photovoltaic Cells (Poster) (2006)

International PV standards require that the short-circuit current or response of the reference device be linear with total irradiance. Accredited calibration laboratories can not assume that their reference device is linear unless another accredited laboratory has performed the measurement. The NREL PV performance laboratory is ISO 17025 accredited for primary reference cell, secondary reference cell and secondary module calibrations. Limited labor resources necessitated the development of a technique to determine linearity without taking significant labor or technical skill. The two-lamp method is insensitive to the spectrum of the light or spatial nonuniformity changing as the irradiance is varied. It does assume that the temperature does not change with irradiance and that the light-source spectrum resembles the solar spectrum. This requirement is only because nonlinear mechanisms in the photo-current are wavelength dependent. A laser for example may show the same device as linear or very nonlinear with irradiance depending on the wavelength. The two-lamp method assumes that the lamp intensities when individually irradiating the sample are the same as when both lamps irradiate the sample. The presence of room light only limits the lowest irradiance that can be evaluated. Unlike other methods, the two-lamp method does not allow the current to be corrected for nonlinear effects. The most appealing aspect of the two-lamp method when compared with other methods for a high-volume calibration laboratory is that it is fast and does not require operator intervention to change the irradiances and is difficult for the operator to make mistakes that would affect the outcome.
Identification of Group A Streptococci (1964)

The fluorescent-antibody technique for identifying group A streptococci was compared with a standard precipitin method. When employed<i>after isolation on blood agar</i>, definite agreement between the two techniques was obtained in 174 of 203 instances. Evaluation of<i>primary identification by the fluorescent-antibody technique</i>showed agreement in 189 of 205 instances, but analysis of the 33 specimen pairs in which group A streptococci were identified by one or both techniques revealed agreement in only 17 instances. Primary isolation on a blood agar plate, followed by group identification by one of several available techniques, has the advantages of an easy method of screening out negative specimens and of providing quantitative information on positive specimens. These advantages seem to outweigh those of the more rapid but probably less definitive method of primary identification by the fluorescent-antibody technique.
Immune Complex Deposition in Adult Male Sprague–Dawley Rats Chronically Immunized with GnRH (2005)

GnRH-TT is an effective immunocontraceptive although the accumulation of glomerular IC represents a potential deleterious side effect.
Identification of glucose-regulated miRNAs from pancreatic β cells reveals a role for miR-30d in insulin transcription (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding ribonucleotides that bind mRNAs and function mainly as translational repressors in mammals. MicroRNAs have been implicated to play a role in many diseases, including diabetes. Several reports indicate an important function for miRNAs in insulin production as well as insulin secretion. We have recently carried out a screen in the pancreatic beta-cell line MIN6 to identify miRNAs with altered abundance in response to changes in glucose concentrations. This screen resulted in identification of 61 glucose-regulated miRNAs from a total of 108 miRNAs detectable in MIN6 cells. Many of the identified miRNAs, including miR-124a, miR-107, and miR-30d were up-regulated in the presence of high glucose. Only a few of the miRNAs, including miR-296, miR-484, and miR-690 were significantly down-regulated by high glucose treatment. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of miR-30d, one of the miRNAs up-regulated by glucose, increased insulin gene expression, while inhibition of miR-30d abolished glucose-stimulated insulin gene transcription. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-30d did not have any effect on insulin secretion. These data suggest that the putative target genes of miR-30d may be negative regulators of insulin gene expression.
Ridgelet transform applied to motion compensated images (2003)

Wavelet transform is a powerful instrument in catching zero-dimensional singularities. Ridgelets are powerful instrument in catching and representing mono-dimensional singularities in bidimensional space. In this paper we propose a hybrid video coder scheme using ridgelet transform for the first approximation of line-edge singularities in displaced frame difference images. We demonstrate the potential of ridgelets and results show substantial improvements when compared to wavelet only based coder.