gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in clinical medicine.Historical perspectives, pitfalls and projections (1978)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was first detected by the immunization of rabbits with human colon cancer extract. The techniques of antiserum absorption and immunologic tolerance were employed in an attempt to render the resulting antisera tumor-specific. Using the procedures of precipitation and precipitin-inhibition in gel media, hemagglutination, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and immunofluorescence, CEA was identified exclusively in all cancers of gastrointestinal origin and fetal digestive organs in the first two trimesters of gestation. The subsequent development of radioimmunoassays for CEA has raised the question of the presence of this material, in very low concentrations, in other normal and diseased (cancerous and noncancerous) tissue, but the problem of cross-reactivity within a family of closely related, but nonidentical, molecules remains to be resolved. CEA was initially purified by a sequence of steps involving extraction in perchloric acid, sieve chromatography, and preparative block electrophoresis. The molecule was characterized as a relatively heterogeneous acid glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 200,000 and its carbohydrate (one-half to two-thirds of the molecule) and protein composition were determined. CEA was localized to the glycocalyx of the colon cancer cell and it was found that the CEA could be released from this site into the circulation of the cancer patient, where it could then be detected by means of radioimmunoassay. The clinical implications of this observation, as they have evolved over the past eight years, form the basis of the papers that constitute this supplement.
Management of Intracerebral Hematoma in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (1996)

The treatment of intracerebral hematomas (ICHs) in 14 patiens with chronic renal failure (CRF) was studied over 15 episodes. Thirteen of the cases had neurogical grading from NG1 to NG4b Six cases were teated surgically (surgical group 1) and seven cases conservatively (surgical group 2). Preoperatively, surgical group 1 included more serious cases than surgical group 2 in both consciousness level and hematoma size, but surgical group l exhibited prolonged outcome similar to surgical group 2. The number of patients with NG 1 or 2 was six, NG 3, 4 a or 4 b was seven, and NG 5 was two. Five cases. of NG 1 or 2 were treated conservatively and the frequency of activity of daily living (ADL) of I or II, 6 months after the treatment was 60% (3/5). Five cases of NG 3, 4 a, or 4 b were treated surgically and the frequency of the ADL I or II 6 month after the treatement was 20% (1/5). In two cases of NG 5, hemodialysis was stopped due to disappearance of the brain stem reflex.These findings suggest that the ICHs with CRF may result in the same outcome and effecfiveuess as with conventional hypertensive ICHs and that surgical treatment may be equally effective.
Analysis of the M and M/sup 2/ routings in circuit-switched networks (2003)

In nonhierarchical circuit-switched networks, calls can be routed to alternate paths if the direct path is blocked. Two alternate-path routing rules called maximum free circuit routing and maximum free circuit with minimum occupied channel routing, the M and M/sup 2/ routings, respectively) are analyzed. In the use of M routing, a call is routed to an alternate path that has the maximum number of free circuits when the direct path is blocked. The M/sup 2/ routing is an improvement of the M routing in that when multiple alternate paths have the same number of free circuits, the path with the smallest total occupied channels is chosen. Analytical results show that M/sup 2/ routing provides a small but significant improvement over M routing when the number of alternate paths is large and/or the trunk group size is small. These results are verified by simulation. As the implementation of M/sup 2/ routing is no more complicated than M routing (both require the same channel occupancy information) and its performance is always better than M routing, M/sup 2/ routing is deemed a better rule to use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and characterization of carbon microtube/tantalum oxide composites and their photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation (2015)

The CMT/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> composites were used as photocatalyst in the degradation of xylenol orange and methyl orange dyes.
Blasenbildende Autoimmunerkrankungen der Haut – diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte (2014)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Computational analysis of the proton‐bound acetonitrile dimer, (ACN) 2 H + (2020)

Rationale In atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry the theoretical thermodynamic treatment of proton‐bound cluster stabilities helps us to understand the prevailing chemical processes. However, such calculations are rather challenging because low‐barrier internal rotations and strong anharmonicity of the hydrogen bonds cause the breakdown of the usually applied harmonic approximation. Even the implemented anharmonic treatment in standard ab initio software failed in the case of (ACN) 2 H + . Methods For a case study of the proton‐bound acetonitrile dimer, (ACN) 2 H + , we scan the potential energy surface (PES) for the internal rotation and the proton movement in all three spatial directions. We correct the partition functions by treating the internal rotation as a free rotor and by solving the nuclear Schrödinger equation explicitly for the proton movement. An additional PES scan for the dissociation surface further improves the understanding of the cluster behavior. Results The internal rotation is essentially barrier free ( V 0 = 2.6 × 10 −6 eV ) and the proton's movement between the two nitrogen atoms follows a quartic rather than quadratic potential. As a figure of merit we calculate the free dissociation enthalpy of the dimer. Our description significantly improves the standard results from about 118.3 kJ/mol to 99.6 kJ/mol, compared with the experimentally determined value of 92.2 kJ/mol. The dissociation surface reveals strong crosstalk between modes and is essentially responsible for the observed errors. Conclusions The presented corrections to the partition functions significantly improve their accuracy and are rather easy to implement. In addition, this work stresses the importance of alternative theoretical methods for proton‐bound cluster systems besides the standard harmonic approximations.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1983)

REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Altindien Walter Kaufmann. pp. 208. ‘Musikgeschichte in Bildernrsquo’, II/viii. (DeütscherVerlag fur Musik Leipzig 1981, £27.00.) [Fentone] JONATHAN KATZ JONATHAN KATZ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 64, Issue 1-2, January 1983, Pages 67-b–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/64.1-2.67-b Published: 01 January 1983
Supplementation of grazing dairy cows with rumen-protected tuna oil enriches milk fat with n-3 fatty acids without affecting milk production or sensory characteristics (2004)

The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of incorporation of dietary EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into milk, and to evaluate consequent changes in milk fat composition and sensory characteristics. Fourteen multiparous cows in early lactation were divided into two groups and were offered supplements for 10 d. While individual stalls after each morning milking, one group was offered a mixture of rumen-protected tuna oil (RPTO)-soyabean supplement (2 kg; 30:70, w/w; +RPTO) and the second group was offered the basal ration without RPTO (-RPTO). Both groups grazed together on a spring pasture after supplementation. Feeding supplemental RPTO increased the concentrations of EPA and DHA in milk fat from undetectable levels in -RPTO cows to 6.9 and 10.1 g/kg milk fat respectively. Total n-3 PUFA concentration in milk fat was increased three- to fourfold by tuna-oil supplementation (8.4 to 32.0 g/kg milk fat). There were no significant effects on milk production (35.4 v. 33.9 l/d), milk protein (28.2 v. 30.1 g/kg) or milk fat (36.2 v. 40.4 g/kg for -RPTO and +RPTO respectively). The concentration of total saturated fatty acids in milk fat was significantly reduced (568 v. 520 g/kg total fatty acids) and there was a 17 % reduction in the atherosclerotic index of milk after tuna-oil supplementation. Untrained consumer panellists (n 61) rated milk from both groups of cows similarly for taste and smell. We conclude that it is possible to enrich milk with n-3 PUFA without deleterious effects on yield, milk composition or sensory characteristics.
[Construction of recombinant genes coding for products containing the fragment of Staphylococcus aureus protein A and the fragment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A]. (1990)

The genes coding for Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin-A and Staphylococcus aureus A-protein have been cloned. Different fragments of the genes were subcloned on the plasmid vestors. The plasmids pAPA4 and pAPA42 have been constructed. The plasmids are coding for the hybrid protein which consists of the immunoglobulin binding A-protein domain at its NH2-terminus and the catalytically active fragment of exotoxin-A at its COON-terminus. The hybrid gene is expressed in Escherichia coli cells under the control of lambda cro-gene expression elements (pAPA42) or lac-operon expression elements (pAPA4). The latter proved to be most productive.
Technetium diazenido-complexes. Part 2. Substitution chemistry of [TcCl(NNC6H4Cl-4)2(PPh3)2] and the synthesis of technetium diazenido-complexes directly from [NH4][TcO4] (1994)

The bis(diazenido)technetium(III) complex [TcCl(NNR)2(PPh3)2](R = C6H4Cl-4) reacted with bidentate ligands L with loss of one diazenide ligand to give [Tc(NNR)L2(PPh3)](L = S2CNR2) and [TcCl(NNR)L(PPh3)2](HL = maltol) in high yield. With dianionic tetradentate ligands L′ complexes of the type cis-[Tc(NNR)L′(PPh3)][L′= dianion of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine (salen), S(CH2)2NMe(CH2)2NMe(CH2)2S or O2S(CH2)2NMe(CH2)2NMe(CH2)2SO2] were obtained. The crystal structure of the complex with L′= salen has been determined. It shows pseudo-octahedral co-ordination about the Tc with the NNR and PPh3 ligands cis. Direct reaction of [TcO4]– with arylhydrazine hydrochlorides generated a diazenide species in situ which reacts with S2CNR2 to give [TcCl(NNR)2(S2CNR2)2] and 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) to give [TcCl(NNR)(bipy)2]+ isolated as a BPh4– salt.
Longitudinal diffusion-weighted imaging in infants with hydrocephalus: decrease in tissue water diffusion after cerebrospinal fluid diversion (2009)

This study shows a rapid and more extensive decrease in ADC values after CSF diversion than is to be expected from physiological ADC decrease solely due to increasing patient age. The preoperative ADC increase can be explained by interstitial edema caused by transependymal CSF leakage or by vasogenic edema caused by capillary compression and stretching of the brain parenchyma. This study population of infants with (early recognized) hydrocephalus did not suffer from cytotoxic edema. These findings may help to detect patients at risk for cerebral damage by differentiating between progressive and compensated hydrocephalus.
An Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Tetrahydrolipstatin (1994)

A key step in a short asymmetric synthesis of the potent pancreatic lipase inhibitor (-)-tetrahydrolipstatin (2) is a Lewis acid-catalysed [2+2] cycloaddition of n-hexyl(trimethylsilyl)ketene (5) to (R) -3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)tetradecanal (4a).
Corrosion propagation phase and bond strength degradation of reinforced concrete structures: State of the art (2017)

Corrosion causes damage to reinforcing steel in concrete structures and governs the service life of the structures. Currently, researchers are paying attention to modelling the behaviour of the bond between the concrete and steel interface of corroded reinforcement. The main objective of this paper is to study the recent research relevant to the bond behaviour at the interface between corroded ribbed bars and concrete and to identify the future research focus. Initially, the paper presents the mechanisms of corrosion damage of reinforced concrete by discussing corrosive agents, causes and effects. Then mechanisms of corrosion prorogation, mechanical properties of corroded reinforcing steel and effects of corrosion on bond degradation of reinforced concrete are discussed in details. Thereafter, recent experimental researches on bond degradation between reinforcement and concrete are reviewed. Previous studies have proposed formulae, which depend on cover, reinforcing bar diameter, concrete strength and corrosion level, to predict the ultimate bond strength. Effect of other parameters (i.e. type of the bars, bar spacing, crack size, aggregate size, type of loading, stress state and etc.) on bond strength have not been properly studied in literature. Bond strength against biaxial bending or combined load action has not been investigated. Finally, the paper concludes with the significance of testing naturally corroded test specimens, compared to the artificially corroded specimens, as well as discussing loading situations.
The Role of Context for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in the Wild (2014)

In this paper we study the role of context in existing state-of-the-art detection and segmentation approaches. Towards this goal, we label every pixel of PASCAL VOC 2010 detection challenge with a semantic category. We believe this data will provide plenty of challenges to the community, as it contains 520 additional classes for semantic segmentation and object detection. Our analysis shows that nearest neighbor based approaches perform poorly on semantic segmentation of contextual classes, showing the variability of PASCAL imagery. Furthermore, improvements of existing contextual models for detection is rather modest. In order to push forward the performance in this difficult scenario, we propose a novel deformable part-based model, which exploits both local context around each candidate detection as well as global context at the level of the scene. We show that this contextual reasoning significantly helps in detecting objects at all scales.
Properties of whole-cell ionic currents in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. (1998)

Our results are consistent with those in previous studies of noncultured epithelia from rabbit and human corneas showing an outwardly rectifying K+ current active at hyperpolarized voltages and a nonselective cation current active at depolarized voltages and insensitive to Ba2+. These data suggest cultured cells may be useful in determining the physiological role of ion channels in corneal epithelia and may aid in the development of a cell-based model for the examination of the effects of wounding and toxic agents on the human cornea.
Conformational changes in the activation loop of mitochondrial glutaminase C: A direct fluorescence readout that distinguishes the binding of allosteric inhibitors from activators (2017)

The first step in glutamine catabolism is catalysis by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase, with a specific isoform, glutaminase C (GAC), being highly expressed in cancer cells. GAC activation requires the formation of homotetramers, promoted by anionic allosteric activators such as inorganic phosphate. This leads to the proper orientation of a flexible loop proximal to the dimer-dimer interface that is essential for catalysis (<i>i.e.</i> the "activation loop"). A major class of allosteric inhibitors of GAC, with the prototype being bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and the related molecule CB-839, binds to the activation loop and induces the formation of an inactive tetramer (two inhibitors bound per active tetramer). Here we describe a direct readout for monitoring the dynamics of the activation loop of GAC in response to these allosteric inhibitors, as well as allosteric activators, through the substitution of phenylalanine at position 327 with tryptophan (F327W). The tryptophan fluorescence of the GAC(F327W) mutant undergoes a marked quenching upon the binding of BPTES or CB-839, yielding titration profiles that make it possible to measure the binding affinities of these inhibitors for the enzyme. Allosteric activators like phosphate induce the opposite effect (<i>i.e.</i> fluorescence enhancement). These results describe direct readouts for the binding of the BPTES class of allosteric inhibitors as well as for inorganic phosphate and related activators of GAC, which should facilitate screening for additional modulators of this important metabolic enzyme.
Polythionate degradation by tetrathionate hydrolase of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1997)

Cell-free extracts of <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> grown with thiosulfate as energy source and prepared at high ammonium sulfate concentrations and at low pH are capable of polythionate hydrolysis. The enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of tetrathionate (S<sub>4</sub>O<sup>2-</sup> <sub>6</sub>) and pentathionate (S<sub>4</sub>O<sup>2-</sup> <sub>6</sub>) was purified to homogeneity. Enzyme activity during the purification procedure was based on a continuous spectrophotometric method that detects soluble intermediates that absorb in the UV region. The end products of hydrolysis of both polythionates by the pure enzyme were thiosulfate, sulfur and sulfate. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of around 4 and a temperature optimum of 65 �. The activity is strongly influenced by the presence of sulfate ions. The purified enzyme is a dimer with two identical subunits of molecular mass 52 kDa. During purification of tetrathionate hydrolase, fractions able to hydrolyse trithionate and tetrathionate were separated, indicating that the two substrates are hydrolysed by different enzymes.
Inhibition of further development of hypersensitive reactivity to Phytophthora infestans by blasticidin S in cut tissues of potato tuber at various stages of aging process. (1979)

Length of time from inoculation to hypersensitive death of infected potato cells can be taken as an indication of the degree of hypersensitive reactivity. The earlier the hypersensitive cell death after inoculation, the higher the hypersensitive reactivity. In this study, observation was made of the time until hypersensitive cell death of potato tuder tissues, which had been inoculated with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans at intervals after cutting. The results showed that fresh disks having low or no reactivity attained about half of the maximum hypersensitive reactivity at 8-9hr and the maximum reactivity at about 16-20hr, after cutting. In a second experiment, the disks were treated with 5ppm of blasticidin S (BcS), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, for 15min at various times after cutting, and then all the treated ones were inoculated at the same time after cutting, namely, at 16.5hr. The microscopic observations showed that, the longer the time from cutting to BcS treatment, the earlier the hypersensitive death of the infected cells. It was also observed that the time until cell death reached the maximum when the disks were treated with BcS at 16hr after cutting. Findings indicated that the treatment with BcS can fix and maintain the hypersensitive reactivity to almost the level the cells have attained up to the treatment. The analysis using BcS treatment disclosed that there was a lag of about 4hr before the reactivity began to develop.
Far-field ASR on inexpensive microphones (2003)

For a connected digits speech recognition task, we have compared the performance of two inexpensive electret microphones with that of a single high quality PZM microphone. Recognition error rates were measured both with and without compensation techniques, where both single-channel and two-channel approaches were used. In all cases the task was recognition at a significant distance (2–6 feet) from the talker’s mouth. The results suggest that the wide variability in characteristics among inexpensive electret microphones can be compensated for without explicit quality control, and that this is particularly effective when both single-channel and two-channel techniques are used. In particular, the resulting performance for the inexpensive microphones used together is essentially equivalent to the expensive microphone, and better than for either inexpensive microphone used alone.
pH dominates variation in tropical soil archaeal diversity and community structure (2013)

Little is known of the factors influencing soil archaeal community diversity and composition in the tropics. We sampled soils across a range of forest and nonforest environments in the equatorial tropics of Malaysia, covering a wide range of pH values. DNA was PCR-amplified for the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and 454-pyrosequenced. Soil pH was the best predictor of diversity and community composition of Archaea, being a stronger predictor than land use. Archaeal OTU richness was highest in the most acidic soils. Overall archaeal abundance in tropical soils (determined by qPCR) also decreased at higher pH. This contrasts with the opposite trend previously found in temperate soils. Thaumarcheota group 1.1b was more abundant in alkaline soils, whereas group 1.1c was only detected in acidic soils. These results parallel those found in previous studies in cooler climates, emphasizing niche conservatism among broad archaeal groups. Among the most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs), there was clear evidence of niche partitioning by pH. No individual OTU occurred across the entire range of pH values. Overall, the results of this study show that pH plays a major role in structuring tropical soil archaeal communities.
Binding Properties of the Conjugates of Oligo(2′‐O‐Methylribonucleotides) with Minor Groove Binders Targeted to Double Stranded DNA (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Learning Rigid Image Registration - Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Image Registration (2018)

Many traditional computer vision tasks, such as segmentation, have seen large step-changes in accuracy and/or speed with the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Image registration, the alignment of two or more images to a common space, is a fundamental step in many medical imaging workflows. In this paper we investigate whether these techniques can also bring tangible benefits to the registration task. We describe and evaluate the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for both mono- and multi- modality registration and compare their performance to more traditional schemes, namely multi-scale, iterative registration. This paper also investigates incorporating inverse consistency of the learned spatial transformations to impose additional constraints on the network during training and investigate any benefit in accuracy during detection. The approaches are validated with a series of artificial mono-modal registration tasks utilizing T1-weighted MR brain i mages from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) study and IXI brain development dataset and a series of real multi-modality registration tasks using T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR brain images from the 2015 Ischemia Stroke Lesion segmentation (ISLES) challenge. The results demonstrate that CNNs give excellent performance for both mono- and multi- modality head and neck registration compared to the baseline method with significantly fewer outliers and lower mean errors.