gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulated microgravity enhances CDDP-induced apoptosis signal via p53-independent mechanisms in cancer cells (2019)

Although the biological systems in the human body are affected by the earth's gravity, information about the underlying molecular mechanisms is limited. For example, apoptotic signaling is enhanced in cancer cells subjected to microgravity. We reasoned that signaling regulated by p53 may be involved because of its role in apoptosis. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of modified cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-sensitivity under simulated microgravity by focusing on p53-related cell death mechanisms. Immunoblotting analyses indicated that, under microgravity, CDDP-induced ATM/p53 signaling increased and caspase-3 was cleaved earlier. However, microgravity decreased the levels of expression of p53 targets BAX and CDKN1A. Interestingly, microgravity increased the PTEN, DRAM1, and PRKAA1 mRNA levels. However, microgravity decreased the levels of mTOR and increased the LC3-II/I ratio, suggesting the activation of autophagy. The CDDP-induced cleavage of caspase-3 was increased during the early phase in Group MG (+), and cleaved caspase-3 was detected even in Group MG (+) with constitutive expression of a mutant type of p53 (hereafter, "+" indicates CDDP treatment). These results interestingly indicate that microgravity altered CDDP sensitivity through activation of caspase-3 by p53-independent mechanism.
Can immunotherapy be useful as a “functional cure” for infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1? (2012)

Immunotherapy aims to assist the natural immune system in achieving control over viral infection. Various immunotherapy formats have been evaluated in either therapy-naive or therapy-experienced HIV-infected patients over the last 20 years. These formats included non-antigen specific strategies such as cytokines that stimulate immunity or suppress the viral replication, as well as antibodies that block negative regulatory pathways. A number of HIV-specific therapeutic vaccinations have also been proposed, using in vivo injection of inactivated virus, plasmid DNA encoding HIV antigens, or recombinant viral vectors containing HIV genes. A specific format of therapeutic vaccines consists of ex vivo loading of autologous dendritic cells with one of the above mentioned antigenic formats or mRNA encoding HIV antigens.This review provides an extensive overview of the background and rationale of these different therapeutic attempts and discusses the results of trials in the SIV macaque model and in patients. To date success has been limited, which could be explained by insufficient quality or strength of the induced immune responses, incomplete coverage of HIV variability and/or inappropriate immune activation, with ensuing increased susceptibility of target cells.Future attempts at therapeutic vaccination should ideally be performed under the protection of highly active antiretroviral drugs in patients with a recovered immune system. Risks for immune escape should be limited by a better coverage of the HIV variability, using either conserved or mosaic sequences. Appropriate molecular adjuvants should be included to enhance the quality and strength of the responses, without inducing inappropriate immune activation. Finally, to achieve a long-lasting effect on viral control (i.e. a "functional cure") it is likely that these immune interventions should be combined with anti-latency drugs and/or gene therapy.
Crystal structure of atropine sulfate monohydrate, (C 17 H 24 NO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 )·(H 2 O) (2019)

The crystal structure of atropine sulfate monohydrate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Atropine sulfate monohydrate crystallizes in space group P 2 1 / n (#14) with a = 19.2948(5), b = 6.9749(2), c = 26.9036(5) Å, β = 94.215(2)°, V = 3610.86(9) Å 3 , and Z = 4. Each of the two independent protonated nitrogen atoms participates in a strong hydrogen bond to the sulfate anion. Each of the two independent hydroxyl groups acts as a donor in a hydrogen bond to the sulfate anion, but only one of the water molecule hydrogen atoms acts as a hydrogen bond donor to the sulfate anion. The hydrogen bonds are all discrete but link the cations, anion, and water molecule along [101]. Although atropine and hyoscyamine (atropine is racemic hyoscyamine) crystal structures share some features, such as hydrogen bonding and phenyl–phenyl packing, the powder patterns show that the structures are very different. The powder pattern for atropine sulfate monohydrate has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™.
Und die Oper (2011)

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Enhancing the Sensor Node Localization Algorithm Based on Improved DV-Hop and DE Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks (2020)

The Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm is the most well-known range-free localization algorithm based on the distance vector routing protocol in wireless sensor networks; however, it is widely known that its localization accuracy is limited. In this paper, DEIDV-Hop is proposed, an enhanced wireless sensor node localization algorithm based on the differential evolution (DE) and improved DV-Hop algorithms, which improves the problem of potential error about average distance per hop. Introduced into the random individuals of mutation operation that increase the diversity of the population, random mutation is infused to enhance the search stagnation and premature convergence of the DE algorithm. On the basis of the generated individual, the social learning part of the Particle Swarm (PSO) algorithm is embedded into the crossover operation that accelerates the convergence speed as well as improves the optimization result of the algorithm. The improved DE algorithm is applied to obtain the global optimal solution corresponding to the estimated location of the unknown node. Among the four different network environments, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has smaller localization errors and more excellent stability than previous ones. Still, it is promising for application scenarios with higher localization accuracy and stability requirements.
Traffic engineering standards in IP-networks using MPLS (1999)

The explosive growth of the Internet over the last few years has made the IP protocol suite the most predominant networking technology. Furthermore, the convergence of voice and data communications over a single network infrastructure is expected to happen over IP-based networks. Traditional IP-networks offer little predictability of service, which is often unacceptable for applications such as telephony, as well as for emerging and future real-time applications such as telemedicine. One of the primary goals of traffic engineering is to enable networks to offer predictable performance. Due to the need for better traffic control by network service providers, there has been considerable activity in the Internet Engineering Task Force to develop standards for traffic engineering in IP-based networks. This article discusses the direction taken by the IETF and some of the recent standardization efforts for traffic engineering using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). Our primary focus is on the signaling protocols developed for this purpose.
Hot topics and outlooks of inflammatory bowel disease (2019)

本文根据当前国内外炎症性肠病（IBD）基础研究和临床诊疗进展，从IBD病因、发病机制、诊断和鉴别诊断、肠壁损伤程度评估、内科和外科治疗6个方面对IBD研究当前的热点问题进行总结和述评。
Summation of Precordial R Wave Amplitudes, a Clinical Parameter for Detecting Early TTR Amyloidosis Cardiac Involvement (2022)

There have been several reports on the identification of the stage of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM); however, a staging system for ATTR-CM has not yet been established. An 83-year-old woman was referred to our department about ten years ago. Recently, she was diagnosed with ATTR-CM. The electrocardiogram showed characteristic changes that take place over the duration of ATTR-CM progression. Among these, the precordial R amplitudes abruptly decreased before the development of increased ventricular thickness. This case suggested that the decrease in the precordial R wave amplitudes may represent a new diagnostic clue reflecting early myocardial damage due to ATTR-CM.
The Bacterial Effector AvrPto Targets the Regulatory Coreceptor SOBIR1 and Suppresses Defense Signaling Mediated by the Receptor-Like Protein Cf-4 (2017)

Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) and receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are cell-surface receptors that are essential for detecting invading pathogens and subsequent activation of plant defense responses. RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain to trigger downstream signaling leading to host resistance. The RLK SOBIR1 constitutively interacts with the tomato RLP Cf-4, thereby providing Cf-4 with a kinase domain. SOBIR1 is required for Cf-4-mediated resistance to strains of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum that secrete the effector Avr4. Upon perception of this effector by the Cf-4/SOBIR1 complex, the central regulatory RLK SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 3a (SERK3a) is recruited to the complex and defense signaling is triggered. SOBIR1 is also required for RLP-mediated resistance to bacterial, fungal ,and oomycete pathogens, and we hypothesized that SOBIR1 is targeted by effectors of such pathogens to suppress host defense responses. In this study, we show that Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 effector AvrPto interacts with Arabidopsis SOBIR1 and its orthologs of tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana, independent of SOBIR1 kinase activity. Interestingly, AvrPto suppresses Arabidopsis SOBIR1-induced cell death in N. benthamiana. Furthermore, AvrPto compromises Avr4-triggered cell death in Cf-4-transgenic N. benthamiana, without affecting Cf-4/SOBIR1/SERK3a complex formation. Our study shows that the RLP coreceptor SOBIR1 is targeted by a bacterial effector, which results in compromised defense responses.
Light valves using dkdp operated near its curie point: Titus and phototitus (1976)

Abstract Titus and Phototitus are image light-valves based on the Pockels effect in a KD2PO4 crystal. The operation temperature has been chosen near the Curie point resulting in a reduction by more than tenfold of the modulation voltage required. Titus is addressed by means of an electron beam; Phototitus is optically addressed by means of a photocon-ductive selenium layer. Titus is well adapted to applications such as large screen television displays and remote image and data processing. As an example, a color television projection system is described which incorporates a 4 kW xenon lamp and three titus tubes. The performances are: highlight output 2800 lumens, resolution 750 elements per horizontal line, contrast 30/1 to 60/1. Because the electric charge pattern is stored between two successive scannings, the projected picture exhibits no flicker. In addition, no line structure is apparent. Phototitus is well adapted to image and data processing in non-coherent and coherent light. The performances are: resolution 75 lp/mm contrast 70/1, sensitivity 10 μJ/cm2. The linearity of the induced birefringence versus the applied field and the ambipolarity of selenium allow processing based on algebraic addition such that: temporal integration, subtraction, temporal and spatial differentiation of images. Examples are given.
Janos: a Java-oriented OS for active network nodes (2001)

Janos is an operating system (OS) for active network nodes whose primary focus is strong resource management and control of untrusted active applications written in Java. Janos includes the three major components of a Java-based active network operating system: the low-level NodeOS, a resource-aware Java virtual machine, and an active network protocol execution environment. Each of these components is separately usable. This article lays out the Janos design and its rationale.
The Role of SO2 in the Chemistry of Amine-based CO2 Capture in PCC (2013)

Most coals contain a certain amount of sulfur. Upon combustion most of the sulfur is initially oxidized to SO2 and later to SO3 and sulfuric acid. If gaseous SO2 enters the PCC (post combustion capture) plant it is immediately absorbed into the amine solution and transformed initially into sulfurous acid which dissociates into protons and the sulfite ion, SO32−. The protons and sulfite remain in the amine solution and is slowly accumulating over time. In this investigation we investigated the long term effect of dissolved SO2 in MEA (monoethanolamine) solutions kept at 100 °C; we investigated the effect by following the NMR spectrum of the solution. Additionally we modeled the effect of increasing amounts of accumulated SO2 on the cyclic capacity of the MEA solution as well as the reaction kinetics of dissolved CO2.
High Resolution Crystal Structure of the Endo-N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Responsible for the Deglycosylation of Hypocrea jecorina Cellulases (2012)

Endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases (ENGases) hydrolyze the glycosidic linkage between the two N-acetylglucosamine units that make up the chitobiose core of N-glycans. The endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases classified into glycoside hydrolase family 18 are small, bacterial proteins with different substrate specificities. Recently two eukaryotic family 18 deglycosylating enzymes have been identified. Here, the expression, purification and the 1.3Å resolution structure of the ENGase (Endo T) from the mesophilic fungus Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) are reported. Although the mature protein is C-terminally processed with removal of a 46 amino acid peptide, the protein has a complete (β/α)8 TIM-barrel topology. In the active site, the proton donor (E131) and the residue stabilizing the transition state (D129) in the substrate assisted catalysis mechanism are found in almost identical positions as in the bacterial GH18 ENGases: Endo H, Endo F1, Endo F3, and Endo BT. However, the loops defining the substrate-binding cleft vary greatly from the previously known ENGase structures, and the structures also differ in some of the α-helices forming the barrel. This could reflect the variation in substrate specificity between the five enzymes. This is the first three-dimensional structure of a eukaryotic endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase from glycoside hydrolase family 18. A glycosylation analysis of the cellulases secreted by a Hypocrea jecorina Endo T knock-out strain shows the in vivo function of the protein. A homology search and phylogenetic analysis show that the two known enzymes and their homologues form a large but separate cluster in subgroup B of the fungal chitinases. Therefore the future use of a uniform nomenclature is proposed.
A lower power reconfigurable multi-band transceiver for short-range communication (2013)

A reconfigurable multi-mode multi-band transceiver for low power short-range wireless communication applications is presented. Its low intermediate frequency (IF) receiver with 3 MHz IF carrier frequency and the direct-conversion transmitter support reconfigurable signal bandwidths from 250 kHz to 2 MHz and support a highest data rate of 3 Mbps for MSK modulation. An integrated multi-band PLL frequency synthesizer is utilized to provide the quadrature LO signals from about 300 MHz to 1 GHz for the transceiver multi-band application. The transceiver has been implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The measurement results at the maximum gain mode show that the receiver achieves a noise figure (NF) of 4.9/5.5 dB and an input 3rd order intermodulation point (IIP3) of −19.6/−18.2 dBm in 400/900 MHz band. The transmitter working in 400/900 MHz band can deliver 10.2/7.3 dBm power to a 50 Ω load. The transceiver consumes 32.9/35.6 mW in receive mode and 47.4/50.1 mW in transmit mode in 400/900 MHz band, respectively.
Challenge to fortyfold expansion of biodegradable polyester foams by using carbon dioxide as a blowing agent (2000)

Abstract This paper presents a new foaming technology using supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent to obtain large volume expansions of biodegradable polyester foams of over fortyfold. The basic approach for the promotion of a large volume expansion ratio with carbon dioxide was to prevent cell coalescence by using a branched material, to dissolve carbon dioxide completely in the melt by promoting convective diffusion under a high processing pressure, to reduce the diffusivity of gas by lowering the melt temperature, and to optimize the processing conditions in the die to maximize volume expansion. The desirable composition of the materials includes dehydrated branched biodegradable polyester (polybutylene succinate), CO 2 (blowing agent), and tale (nucleating agent). A single‐screw extrusion system was used for foam processing. A large volume expansion ratio of up to forty‐fivefold was achieved from the biodegradable polyester foams. The morphologies and volume expansion ratios of biodegradable polyester foams at various processing temperatures and pressures were studied.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ELECTROCHEMICAL FLUORINATION OF TRIFLUOROMETHYL‐SUBSTITUTED BENZENES (1976)

Abstract Die Titelreaktion wurde mit einer Reihe von ein‐ bzw. zweifach trifluormethylsubstituierten Benzolen durchgeführt.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor direct torque control system (2006)

In view of permanent magnet synchronous motor direct torque control system,elaborates direct torque control theory,it is under the maintenance of stator flux linkage peak-to-peak value premise,adjusts the rotational speed of stator flux linkage by voltage space vector,thus controling torque and rotational speed.On this theory,the article establishes the system model simply,explains its work process and the difference from asynchronous motor direct torque control system.Finally uses SIMULINK simulation software is used to carry on the model and simulation,the simulation results manifest the accuracy and feasibility of direct torque control which is applied in permanent magnet synchronous motor.Permanent magnet synchronous motor direct torque control system has good stable and track performance and the outstanding dynamic response.
Modeling of temperature dependency of magnetization in straintronics memory devices (2015)

While a tremendous amount of work has been dedicated to the study of Langevin thermal noise field in spintronics magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ), a comprehensive model that predicts both static and dynamic responses of the magnetization due to temperature variations is yet to exist. In this work, we will first study the dependency of the saturation magnetization on temperature. We will then analyze the variations of the shape anisotropy and energy barrier of the straintronics MTJ on temperature. Lastly, we will incorporate these dependencies, along with the well-studied Langevin thermal field into the LLG equation to simulate the dynamic and static behavior of the straintronics devices.
Autistic women and girls: increasingly recognised, researched and served (2019)

Across the two parts of this special issue, a total of 12 papers have been published, by authors working around the world, on a wide range of issues affecting girls and women with ASD.As such, the current editorial has been entitled, "Autistic women and girls: increasingly recognised, researched and served" in recognition of a slowly but surely developing evidence base.While there is a long way to go in terms of redressing the gender imbalance in autism research, it is hoped that these works will go some way to improving outcomes for autistic women and girls in the future.
Reaction Optimization Using Solid-Phase Catalysis-CD HTS:  Nb-Imidazoline−Cu(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Benzoylation of 1,2-Diols (2007)

Catalytic asymmetric benzoylation of 1,2-diols has been developed using a solid-phase asymmetric catalyst. The reaction conditions were optimized by the screening of different metal salts, solvents, bases, and temperatures. High-throughput screening was performed using circular dichroism detection, and the results revealed that Nb-imidazoline-copper(I) in combination with diisopropylethylamine was able to catalyze with high enantioselectivity, giving the monobenzoylated products in high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses of up to 95% ee. [reaction: see text]
Quantitative Confocal Imaging of the Retinal Microvasculature in the Human Retina (2012)

The unique metabolic demands of neuronal sub-compartments may influence the morphometric features of regional capillary networks. Differences in capillary diameter and density between networks may have important correlations with neuronal function in the human retina. These findings may be important for understanding pathogenic mechanisms in retinal vascular disease.
Crystal morphology and three-dimensional-like growth model of DyBa2Cu3O7−d superconducting materials synthesized in situ in 0.6 T (1994)

This report discusses the crystal growth mechanism of 123 superconducting ceramics from scanning electron micrographs made on DyBa2Cu3O7−d superconducting materials synthesized by peritectic recombination under a magnetic field. Such a synthesis procedure is used only here in order to enhance the growth features of textured materials. The micrographs reveal that the crystal growth model must be strictly tridimensional. The proposed model, followed by computer simulations, can then explain all the microstructure data reported for such textured materials. The preferred growth direction in the a–b planes could also be expected to be the 〈100〉 direction.
A comparison of evolved linear and non-linear ensemble vote aggregators (2015)

Ensemble classifiers have become a widely researched area in machine learning because they are able to generalise well to unseen data, making them suitable for real world applications. Many approaches implement simple voting techniques, such as majority voting or averaging, to form the overall output. Alternatively, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) can be used to train the ensemble by optimising either binary or floating weights in an average voting scheme to produce evolved linear voting aggregators. Non-linear voting schemes can also be formed by inputting the base classifiers' outputs into a secondary classifier in the form of an expression tree or an Artificial Neural Network; this being subsequently evolved by an Evolutionary Algorithm to optimise the ensemble prediction. This paper aims to firstly, establish the impact of evolving linear aggregators on traditional voting techniques, and secondly whether these linear functions produce more accurate predictions than more complex nonlinear evolved aggregators. The results indicate that optimising the ensemble combination method with GAs offers significant advantages over standard approaches and produces comparable ensembles to those with nonlinear aggregators despite their additional complexity.
Clinical Consequences and Management of Hypomagnesemia (2008)

Magnesium deficiency and hypomagnesemia remain quite prevalent, particularly in patients in intensive care units, and may have important clinical consequences. Magnesium should be measured directly in clinical circumstances in which a risk for magnesium deficiency exists and appropriately corrected when found. This commentary reviews the current knowledge of magnesium homeostasis and the risk factors and clinical consequences of magnesium deficiency and outlines approaches to therapy.