gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cost–benefit analysis of multidimensional fractionation of affinity purification‐mass spectrometry samples (2011)

Affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS) is gaining widespread use for the identification of protein-protein interactions. It is unclear, however, whether typical AP sample complexity is limiting for the identification of all protein components using standard one-dimensional LC-MS/MS. Multidimensional sample separation is useful for reducing sample complexity prior to MS analysis and increases peptide and protein coverage of complex samples. Here, we monitored the effects of upstream protein or peptide separation techniques on typical mammalian AP-MS samples, generated by FLAG affinity purification of four baits with different biological functions and/or subcellular distribution. As a first separation step, we employed SDS-PAGE, strong cation exchange LC, or reversed-phase LC at basic pH. We also analyzed the benefits of using an instrument with a faster scan rate, the new TripleTOF 5600 mass spectrometer. While all multidimensional approaches yielded a clear increase in spectral counts, the increase in unique peptides and additional protein identification was modest and came at the cost of increased instrument and handling time. The use of a high duty-cycle instrument achieved similar benefits without these drawbacks. An increase in spectral counts is beneficial when data analysis methods relying on spectral counts, including Significance Analysis of INTeractome (SAINT), are used.
Path planning for surface inspection on a robot-based scanning system (2015)

This paper proposes an automatic model-based path planning method for surfaces inspection on a robot-based scanning system. The original CAD model of the surface is a triangular mesh model. The scanning system consists of a 6 degree of freedom robot and a coded structured light scanner. Based on the system structure and the working conditions of the scanner, some scan constraints, i.e. field of view, working distance, view angle, and overlap, are concerned in path planning. The proposed method consists of four steps: model framework extraction, scan region segmentation, viewpoint generation, and scan path generation. Firstly, model framework is extracted from the projection of model in main direction. Secondly, the model is divided into several scan regions based on the framework. Thirdly, viewpoints satisfied scan constraints are planned for each scan region. Lastly, a scanning path is generated passing through these viewpoints. Experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.
<title>Selective corneal optical aberration (SCOA) for customized ablation</title> (2001)

Wavefront analysis still have some technical problems which may be solved within the next years. There are some limitations to use wavefront as a diagnostic tool for customized ablation alone. An ideal combination would be wavefront and topography. Meanwhile Selective Corneal Aberration is a method to visualize the optical quality of a measured corneal surface. It is based on a true measured 3D elevation information of a video topometer. Thus values can be interpreted either using Zernike polynomials or visualized as a so called color coded surface quality map. This map gives a quality factor (corneal aberration) for each measured point of the cornea.
Starch Phosphate Hydrogels. Part II: Rheological Characterization and Water Retention (2009)

Abstract Hydrogels with different mechanical properties were synthesized by cross‐linking monostarch monophosphates (MSMP) with various di‐ and tricarboxylic acids (succinic, glutaric, adipic, citric, and maleic acid) by using a semi‐dry method. For a physical characterization water retention and rheological parameters (dynamic viscosity η*, storage and loss moduli G ′ and G ″) of the hydrogels were determined. Rheomechanical measurements revealed the viscoelasticity and mechanical sturdiness of the gels. Due to their special physical qualities MSMP hydrogels are not only suitable for different industrial applications but also have a big potential to be used as water storing soil amendments improving the efficiency of irrigation especially in arid regions. In order to investigate the suitability of MSMP hydrogels as water storing soil amendments the water retention curves of a sandy soil treated with different amounts of a selected starch phosphate hydrogel were determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Luminescence of Divalent Europium in the Hydride Chloride EuHCl. (2015)

Abstract Olive‐green single crystals of EuHCl are prepared by reaction of Eu powder, NaH, and NaCl in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 (Nb capsule, 900 °C, 13 h).
Sulfobacins A and B, Novel von Willebrand Factor Receptor Antagonists. II. Structural Elucidaffon. (1995)

Sulfobacins A and B are novel von Willebrand factor (vWF) receptor antagonists produced by Chryseobacterium sp. NR 2993. The structures of sulfobacins A and B have been determined to be (2R, 3R)-3-hydroxy-2[(R)-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanamido]-15-methylhexadecanesulfonic acid and (2R, 3R)-3-hydroxy-15-methyl-2-[13-methyltetradecanamido]-hexadecanesulfonic acid, respectively, by various 2D NMR experiments and by methanolysis. The absolute configurations of the sulfobacins were determined by a modified MOSHER'S method. The structures are related to sulfonolipids, major components of the cell envelope of gliding bacteria of the genus Cytophaga.
A System for Real-Time Measurement of the Brachial Artery Diameter in B-Mode Ultrasound Images (2007)

The measurement of the brachial artery diameter is frequently used in clinical studies for evaluating the flow-mediated dilation and, in conjunction with the blood pressure value, for assessing arterial stiffness. This paper presents a system for computing the brachial artery diameter in real-time by analyzing B-mode ultrasound images. The method is based on a robust edge detection algorithm which is used to automatically locate the two walls of the vessel. The measure of the diameter is obtained with subpixel precision and with a temporal resolution of 25 samples/s, so that the small dilations induced by the cardiac cycle can also be retrieved. The algorithm is implemented on a standalone video processing board which acquires the analog video signal from the ultrasound equipment. Results are shown in real-time on a graphical user interface. The system was tested both on synthetic ultrasound images and in clinical studies of flow-mediated dilation. Accuracy, robustness, and intra/inter observer variability of the method were evaluated.
Classification of Intestinal Lymphangiectasia with Protein-Losing Enteropathy: White Villi Type and Non-White Villi Type (2014)

Two distinct subgroups were found in IL. This classification was useful in pathophysiological clustering and in predicting the therapeutic response.
Evaluation of the Skin Blanching of Topically Applied Steroids Using a Chroma Meter in Animals (2012)

We evaluated the utility of animal skins for determining the skin blanching of steroids. A Chroma Meter was used to determine the skin blanching of steroids. Hydrophilic creams containing clobetasol propionate (CP) or prednisolone (PS) were selected as model steroid formulations. Skin blanching, a*, was determined using a Chroma Meter after the application of 0.005, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0% CP or PS hydrophilic cream to the back skin of guinea pigs and hairless rats for 24 h. The relationships between Δa*(6h) and the skin concentrations of the steroids were determined at 6 h after removal of the cream. Δa*(6h) was markedly decreased after the application of CP hydrophilic cream to guinea pigs, and a good linear relationship was observed between Δa*(6h) and skin concentration (r=0.98). In contrast, no relationship was observed between these parameters after the application of CP cream to the hairless rats. Although skin blanching was observed after PS cream application in guinea pigs, no relationship was observed between Δa*(6h) and skin concentration of PS in each animal. These results suggest that the skin blanching effect of CP in guinea pigs is greater than that of PS and that its blanching effect in guinea pigs was stronger than that in hairless rats. Guinea pigs were found to be a good animal model for determining the skin blanching produced by steroid creams. In addition, Chroma Meters can be effectively used in skin vasoconstrictive tests in guinea pigs.
Malaria Diagnosis and Hospitalization Trends, Brazil (2007)

We focused on rates of malaria in the state of Amazonas and city of Manaus, Brazil. Plasmodium vivax accounted for an increased number and rate of hospital admissions, while P. falciparum cases decreased. Our observations on malaria epidemiology suggest that the increased hospitalization rate could be due to increased severity of P. vivax infections.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIALKYLDITHIOPHOSPHATE COMPLEXES OF INDIUM(III) (1998)

Treatment of indium(ni) chloride with ammonium dialkyldithiophosphate in a 1: 3 molar ratio in benzene afforded [In{S2P(OR) 2 }3] (R = Et, Pr", Pr 1 ). The chloro complexes [InCl3n {S2P(OR)2}n] (n = 1, 2) can be readily obtained by the reaction of indium trichloride with indium tris(dialkyldithiophosphate) in benzene at room temperature. All these complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, LR, NMR (', 13 C and 3I P) [solution and solid state] and mass spectral data. In addition, the crystal structure of the complex [In{S2P(OPr')2}3] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Advanced desiccant materials research (1986)

The long-range goal of this task is to understand the role of surface phenomena in desiccant cooling materials. The background information includes a brief introduction to desiccant cooling systems (DCS) and the role of the desiccant as a system component. The purpose, background, rationale, and long-term technical approach for studying advanced desiccant materials are then treated. Experimental methods for measuring water vapor sorption by desiccants are described, and the rationale is then given for choosing a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for measuring sorption isotherms, rates, and cyclic stability. Background information is given about the QCM, including the quartz crystal resonator itself, the support structure for the quartz crystal, and the advantages and limitations of a QCM. The apparatus assembled and placed into operation during CY 1985 is described. The functions of the principal components of the equipment, i.e., the QCM, vacuum system, pressure gauges, residual gas analyzer, constant temperature bath, and data acquisition system, are described as they relate to the water vapor sorption measurements now under way. The criteria for narrowing the potential candidates as advanced desiccant materials for the initial studies are given. Also given is a list of 20 principal candidate materials identified based on the criteriamore » and data available in the literature.« less
Gαi2 Enhances Insulin Signaling via Suppression of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (2001)

Suppression of the expression of the heterotrimeric G-protein Galpha(i2) in vivo has been shown to provoke insulin resistance, whereas enhanced insulin signaling is observed when Galpha(i2) is overexpressed in vivo. The basis for Galpha(i2) regulation of insulin signaling was explored in transgenic mice with targeted expression of the GTPase-deficient, constitutively active Q205L Galpha(i2) in fat and skeletal muscle. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor and IRS-1 in response to insulin challenge in vivo was markedly amplified in fat and skeletal muscle expressing Q205L Galpha(i2). The expression and activity of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), but not protein-tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1, SHP-2, and LAR, were constitutively decreased in tissues expressing the Q205L Galpha(i2), providing a direct linkage between insulin signaling and Galpha(i2). The loss of PTP1B expression may explain, in part, the loss of PTP1B activity in the iQ205L transgenic mice. Activation of Galpha(i2) in mouse adipocytes with lysophosphatidic acid was shown to decrease PTP1B activity, whereas pertussis toxin inactivates Galpha(i2), blocks lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated inhibition of PTP1B activity, and blocks tonic suppression of PTP1B activity by Galpha(i2). Elevation of intracellular cAMP in fat cells is shown to increase PTP1B activity, whereas either depression of cAMP levels or direct activation of Galpha(i2) suppresses PTP1B. These data provide the first molecular basis for the interplay between Galpha(i2) and insulin signaling, i.e. activation of Galpha(i2) can suppress both the expression and activity of PTP1B in insulin-sensitive tissues.
Representative image thumbnails: automatic and manual (2008)

Image thumbnails are used in most imaging products and applications, where they allow quick preview of the content of the underlying high resolution images. The question: "How would you best represent a high resolution original image given a fixed number of thumbnail pixels?" is addressed using both automatically and manually generated thumbnails. Automatically generated thumbnails that preserve the image quality of the high resolution originals are first reviewed and subjectively evaluated. These thumbnails allow interactive identification of image quality, while simultaneously allowing the viewer's knowledge to select desired subject matter. Images containing textures are, however, difficult for the automatic algorithm. Textured images are further studied by using photo editing to manually generate representative thumbnails. The automatic thumbnails are subjectively compared to standard (filter and subsample) thumbnails using clean, blurry, noisy, and textured images. Results using twenty subjects find the automatic thumbnails more representative of their originals for blurry images. In addition, as desired, there is little difference between the automatic and standard thumbnails for clean images. The noise component improves the results for noisy images, but degrades the results for textured images. Further studying textured images, the manual thumbnails were subjectively compared to standard thumbnails for four images. Evaluation using forty judgments found a bimodal distribution for preference between the standard and the manual thumbnails, with some observers preferring manual thumbnails and others preferring standard thumbnails.
Methods for the measurement of insulin secretion (1990)

Abstract Several methods are currently available to assess the secretory activity of the pancreatic B-cell either in vivo or in vitro.In vivo, changes in insulin release are often judged from the level of circulating insulin. This method does not provide information on the absolute secretory rate, and the plasma concentration of insulin may be affected by extrapancreatic factors affecting its clearance from the blood stream. The true secretory rate can be measured by following the progressive neutralization of injected anti-insulin antibodies. Experiments carried out in vivo do not, however, show conclusively whether the effect of a given agent results from a direct or indirect action upon the pancreatic B-cell.
Anisotropic Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and wavelet coefficient decay over one-parameter dilation groups, I (2023)

Abstract This paper provides maximal function characterizations of anisotropic Triebel–Lizorkin spaces associated to general expansive matrices for the full range of parameters $$p \in (0,\infty )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$q \in (0,\infty ]$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$\alpha \in {\mathbb {R}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The equivalent norm is defined in terms of the decay of wavelet coefficients, quantified by a Peetre-type space over a one-parameter dilation group. As an application, the existence of dual molecular frames and Riesz sequences is obtained; the wavelet systems are generated by translations and anisotropic dilations of a single function, where neither the translation nor dilation parameters are required to belong to a discrete subgroup. Explicit criteria for molecules are given in terms of mild decay, moment, and smoothness conditions.
A review of the stainless steel surface (1983)

The characteristics of the surface of various stainless steels are reviewed. The property of these alloys that makes them stainless is the formation of Cr2O3 on the surface. It has been found that this protective layer can be modified relatively easily by heating, abrading, chemical treatment, or ion bombardment. Modification can be changes in the chemical composition of the surface layer or the formation of a layer of segregated material on the surface. These changes may alter the protective nature of the surface films. The outgassing characteristics of stainless steel surfaces also vary depending upon the treatment these surfaces receive.
Surface tension of polymer solutions. I. Solutions of poly(dimethylsiloxanes) (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface tension of polymer solutions. I. Solutions of poly(dimethylsiloxanes)George L. Gaines Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 9, 3143–3150Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100843a060https://doi.org/10.1021/j100843a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1061Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
pH-Regulated Synthesis of Trypsin-Templated Copper Nanoclusters with Blue and Yellow Fluorescent Emission (2017)

In this article, a simple protocol to prepare water-soluble fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) using trypsin as a stabilizer and hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent was reported. It was found that the pH of the reaction solution was critical in determining the fluorescence of CuNCs. CuNCs with blue and yellow fluorescent emission were obtained under basic and acidic conditions, respectively. Although the detailed formation mechanisms of these CuNCs required further analysis, the synthetic route was promising for preparing different fluorescent metal NCs for applications. With good water solubility and excellent photostability, the yellow-emitting CuNCs could serve as a fluorescence probe for detection of Hg<sup>2+</sup> based on the aggregation-induced quenching mechanism. The fluorescence quenching efficiency had fantastic linearity to Hg<sup>2+</sup> concentrations in the range of 0.1-100 μM, with a limit of detection of 30 nM. Additionally, the yellow-emitting CuNCs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and were successfully applied to bioimaging of HeLa cells.
RNA interference: methods for plants and animals (2008)

<title>Abstract</title> The discovery that small RNA molecules act through RNA interference (RNAi) pathways as potent regulators of chromatin structure, messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation, has revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation. These small RNA silencing systems have also been harnessed as powerful tools to manipulate gene expression that can be applied across eukaryotic species. The most frequent application of RNAi by researchers has been functional genomics. In combination with the increasing availability of sequenced genomes, RNAi has provided a powerful method for deciphering gene function by specific targeting of gene expression and subsequent study of the silenced phenotype. This approach has been extremely valuable in eukaryotic species for which traditional gene knockout methods are not easily applied. Gene silencing has been used to understand the function of many plant genes and is also beginning to find applications in agriculture. The researcher has a choice of silencing systems, each with particular advantages and drawbacks. The major factor in determining the silencing system for a particular application is the availability of a stable transformation system for the species being studied. Where a transformation system is available, methods based on long hairpin transgenes and artificial microRNAs (miRNA) can be deployed to best effect. The hairpin transgene and artificial miRNA can also be deployed in transient transfection systems. There are many vectors available to produce the constructs for these systems and web-based tools to assist in selecting the optimum sequences to target a particular gene. Constructs have also been developed that use recombination systems to allow rapid generation of multiple constructs for large-scale functional genomics projects. The chapters of this book cover the use of the three major gene-silencing methods in plants and the application of RNAi in major experimental animal systems. The detailed theoretical background given in each chapter and comprehensive protocols should assist researchers in effective utilization of RNAi technologies.
Content and expression of integrated viral DNA in hamster cells transformed by nondefective adenovirus type 2- simian virus 40 hybrid viruses (1976)

Hamster cells transformed by adenovirus 2 (Ad2) and five nondefective Ad2-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid viruses are all of the Ad2-transformed phenotype. All lines accumulate Ad2 RNA and Ad2 T antigen; two hybrid-transformed lines accumulate SV40 RNA, but only one contains detectable amounts of SV40 antigens. We examines selected lines from this group of transformed hamster cells for Ad2 DNA content and viral RNA expression by using hydroxyapatite chromatography and separated strands of labeled viral DNA as probes. All lines studies contain 1 to 2 Ad2 genome equivalents per haploid equivalent of cell DNA. The expression of Ad2 RNA exhibits two distinct patterns. In one pattern, transcription of the heavy strand of Ad2 DNA is less than that of the light strand, whereas in the second pattern of Ad2 RNA expression the extent of heavy-strand transcription is greatly increased. In the two lines containing SV40 RNA, the entire SV40 (-) strand is transcribed; the (+) strand is not expressed in these cells. These patterns of viral RNA expression suggest the possibility that host promoters may play a role in regulating transcription of integrated viral DNA.