gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot deformation mechanisms in Ti–6Al–4V with transformedβstarting microstructure: commercialv.extra low interstitial grade (2000)

The hot deformation behaviour of commercial and extra low interstitial (ELI)grades of Ti–6Al–4V (Ti-6-4) alloy with a transformed β starting microstructure has been studied in the temperature range 750–1100°C and strain rate range 0.001–10 s-1. On the basis of the flow stress data as a function of temperature and strain rate, processing maps have been developed for these two grades and compared in order to bring out the differences, if any. While the stress–strain behaviour has not varied appreciably with the grade of Ti-6-4, significant differences have been observed in the processing maps as well as the tensile ductility variation with temperature. At lower strain rates in the α–β range (<0.01 s-1), both the grades exhibit globularisation of the lamellar structure, the optimum temperature being higher for the commercial grade than the ELI grade. The apparent activation energy for globularisation is higher in the commercial grade (455 kJ mol-1)than that of the ELI grade (370 kJ mol-1). At temperatures lower than about 900°C and strain rates less than about 0.1 s-1, a regime of strain induced porosity (SIP)at the prior β grain boundaries has been observed and the SIP regime is narrower in the ELI grade than the commercial grade. Strain induced porosity cracks are nucleated as a result of the stress concentrations produced by the sliding of prior β grain boundaries which is promoted by the lower strain rates. The mechanism of hot deformation in the β range is sensitive to the grade of Ti-6-4. In the ELI grade, the β phase deforms by large grained superplasticity, but deformation close to the transus nucleates voids within the prior β grains resulting in a drop in the tensile ductility. On the other hand, the commercial grade exhibits dynamic recrystallisation of β phase. The apparent activation energy for β deformation is lower in the commercial grade (173 kJ mol-1) than the ELI grade (287 kJ mol-1), although both the values are comparable to that for self­diffusion in β. The flow instability regime, as predicted by the continuum instability criterion, is not significantly different in the two grades of Ti-6-4 even though the domain of cracking along the adiabatic shear bands is wider in the commercial grade than the ELI grade.
Selective and Effective Fluorination of Organic Compounds in Water Using Selectfluor F-TEDA-BF4 (2004)

[reaction: see text] Selective and effective fluorination of various types of organic compounds performed in water as the reaction medium using 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (Selectfluor F-TEDA-BF4) is reported. 2-Naphthole and 2-methoxynaphthalene were thus transformed to 1,1-difluoro-2(1H)naphthalenone, estrone to 10beta-fluoro-1,4-estradien-3,17-dione, phenyl-substituted alkenes to vicinal fluorohydrins, and various ketones, 1,3-diketones, or beta-ketoesters to corresponding alpha-fluoro or alpha,alpha-difluoro ketones.
Microfluidic model of the platelet-generating organ: beyond bone marrow biomimetics (2016)

We present a new, rapid method for producing blood platelets in vitro from cultured megakaryocytes based on a microfluidic device. This device consists in a wide array of VWF-coated micropillars. Such pillars act as anchors on megakaryocytes, allowing them to remain trapped in the device and subjected to hydrodynamic shear. The combined effect of anchoring and shear induces the elongation of megakaryocytes and finally their rupture into platelets and proplatelets. This process was observed with megakaryocytes from different origins and found to be robust. This original bioreactor design allows to process megakaryocytes at high throughput (millions per hour). Since platelets are produced in such a large amount, their extensive biological characterisation is possible and shows that platelets produced in this bioreactor are functional.
Automated Hall profiling system for the characterisation of semiconductors at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures (1988)

An automated Hall profiling system is described which enables the carrier concentration and mobility profiles of semiconductor layers to be obtained at both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The system uses chemical stripping of the layers and the differential Hall effect technique. As many semiconductor devices operate at 77 K, valuable information on the electrical properties of the material at this temperature can be obtained. Typical examples of this are presented for both the III-V and II-VI compound semiconductor systems.
Stability and deterministic generation of single solitons and soliton crystals in microresonators with avoided crossings (2022)

We determine the stable regions in the parameter space of single soliton and soliton crystal frequency combs in microresonators with avoided crossings. We show that solitons are obtained deterministically when the stable region is enlarged.
Deposition of High-k Dielectric Oxide Films by Liquid Injection MOCVD (2003)

ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3 and their related silicates are candidates to replace SiO2 as the gate dielectric material for sub-0.1 μm CMOS technology, and metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is an attractive technique for the deposition of these materials. However, there are problems associated with many of the existing Zr and Hf oxide precursors. In this paper, we describe the liquid injection MOCVD of ZrO2 and HfO2 using the new improved alkoxide precursors [M(OBut)2(OCMe2CH2OMe)2] and [M(OCMe2CH2OMe)4] (M = Zr, Hf). The growth of high quality La2O3 or LaSixOy films by MOCVD has also proved difficult due to a lack of suitable precursors, and in this paper we describe the use of [La[N(SiMe3)2]3] for the liquid injection MOCVD of LaSixOy, in the absence of an added Si source. High frequency C-V measurements for MOS-capacitors fabricated from ZrO2, HfO2 and LaSixOx demonstrate the feasibility of using liquid injection MOCVD to deposit MOS gate dielectric films at low process temperature.
Expert Consensus on the Use of On‐Demand Treatments for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A Modified Delphi Panel (2023)

Experts agreed on-demand treatment is appropriate for many patients with OFF episodes. The greater the functional impact of OFF episodes, the more likely experts agreed that on-demand treatment is appropriate to prescribe.
Subjective Duration Assessment: An Implicit Probe for Software Usability (2001)

This paper explores a new approach to gauging users&amp;apos; difficulties with tasks, interfaces, and situations we refer to as subjective duration assessment. The approach, leveraging a psychological finding identified nearly seventy-five years ago, centers on the use of time estimation to characterize performance. . The finding showed that when engaging tasks are interrupted, participants tend to overestimate how long those tasks take when compared to actual task times. Conversely, tasks that are completed tend to be underestimated in terms of the overall task times. We introduce a metric, named relative subjective duration (RSD) that provides a means for probing the difficulty that users have with performing tasks without requiring the questioning of users about the difficulty. RSD has several uses, including a probe for difficulty that bypasses the bias toward the positive end of the scale typically seen in user satisfaction ratings after software usability studies. We explored the value of time estimation as a metric for evaluating task performance in HCI. Our hypothesis was that the duration of activity on tasks that are halted before completion would be overestimated, because participants were not able to complete them on their own, while the duration of activity on tasks completed successfully would be underestimated. A user study of interaction with an Internet browser explored the efficacy of the metric. Our results show that within deployment constraints, RSD shows promise as a valuable tool for HCI research.
ANSWERS: A Model for Watershed Planning (1980)

ABSTRACT IN recent years, a greatly increased emphasis has been placed on improving and maintaining the quality of our national water resources. Agencies and individuals from the various levels of government, industry and private life are seeking information concerning the ef-fects that land use, management, and conservation prac-tices or structures might have on the quality and quantity of water from both agricultural and non-agricultural watersheds. ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed En-vironment Response Simulation) was developed in an ef-fort to supply the desired information described above for primarily agricultural watersheds. The overall struc-ture consists of a hydrologic model, a sediment detachment/transport model and several routing com-ponents necessary to describe the movement of water in overland, subsurface and channel flow phases. ANSWERS, unlike many large-scale watershed model structures, uses distributed (rather than lumped) parameters and is event (rather than long-term) oriented. These operational features generally yield a better understanding of the hydrologic and water quality interactions involved in a watershed by allowing the user to physically describe those processes both spatially and temporally. The purpose of this report is to present the operational concepts, the basic mathematical model used in ANSWERS, general data needs and user considerations. In addition, the potential utility of ANSWERS as a plan-ning tool is demonstrated by simulating several manage-ment alternatives for a primarily agricultural watershed in northeastern Indiana subjected to several different precipitation events.
Screening of Antimicrobial Properties of Jasminum sambac Linn. Leaf Extracts against Dental Pathogens (2015)

In present study, antimicrobial efficacy of Jasminum sambac leaf extracts was evaluated against six bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, S. pyogenes, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and one fungi (Candida albicans) causing dental infections. Results showed that methanol extract was more efficient in comparison to other extracts. The zone of inhibition ranged between 12.30.57-17.30.57 mm examined at 200 mg mLG 1 , respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration were recorded for methanol extract at 3.12-25 mg mLG 1 . Phytochemical analysis of extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The results conclude the traditional uses of J. sambac in treatment of dental diseases.
Progress Towards the Discovery of Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitors (1998)

The serine protease thrombin is a key enzyme in the control of blood coagulation and displays numerous other effects on platelet, endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. The pre-eminence of thrombin in the coagulation cascade has made the enzyme a popular drug target in the search for more clinically acceptable and safe anti-coagulants. This concept has been particularly strengthened by the demonstration that direct inhibitors of thrombin such as Revasc are clinically effective. A number of low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors have now been described in the literature although to date because of their inherent low bioavailability compounds have been limited to the parenteral route of administration. The introduction of appropriate pharmacokinetic properties into these first generation thrombin inhibitors has been problematic despite intensive research in this area. However, the first pre clinical examples of direct thrombin inhibitors possessing good oral bioavailability is now emerging. This review updates current developments in the progress towards the discovery of orally available thrombin inhibitors and suggests that the first clinical validation of drugs from this field is imminent.
Towards hardware architecture for memory efficient IPv4/IPv6 Lookup in 100 Gbps networks (2013)

With growing speed of computer networks, core routers have to increase performance of longest prefix match (LPM) operation on IP addresses. While existing LPM algorithms are able to achieve high throughput for IPv4 addresses, an IPv6 processing speed is limited. To achieve 100 Gbps throughput, LPM operation has to be processed in dedicated hardware and a forwarding table has to fit into an on-chip memory. Current LPM algorithms need large memory to store IPv6 forwarding tables or use compression with dynamic data structres, which can not be simply implemented in hardware. Therefore, we provide analysis of available forwarding tables of core routers and propose a new representation of prefix sets. The proposed representation has very low memory demands and is suitable for high-speed pipelined processing, which is shown on a new highly pipelined hardware architecture with 100 Gbps throughput.
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin Korea: antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of LA-MRSA strains isolated from pigs, pig farmers, and farm environment (2019)

The emergence of livestock-associated (LA)-methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) in livestock animal has become a significant zoonotic concern. In the present study, we investigated nationwide prevalence of LA-MRSA across pork production chain including pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets. A total of 40 MRSA strains were isolated during the investigation and the overall prevalence of MRSA was 3.4% (n = 37), 0.6% (n = 2), and 0.4% (n = 1) in pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed that the 2 most significant clonal lineages in pork production chain in Korea were ST398 (n = 25) and ST541 (n = 6). All of the 40 MRSA isolates were further characterized to investigate key genotypic and phenotypic correlates associated with the emergence and spread of clonal complex 398 (CC398; ST398, and ST541) LA-MRSA. Although the prevalence of swine-associated MRSA was still relatively low and mostly restricted to pig farms, multidrug-resistant CC398 LA-MRSA isolates with new <i>spa</i> types (t18102 and t18103) were identified as a major clonal lineage. The CC398 LA-MRSA strains tended to exhibit increased levels of multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotype compared with non-CC398 MRSA strains. Of note, in comparison with non-CC398 MRSA isolates, CC398 LA-MRSA isolates exhibited significantly enhanced tetracycline (TET) and zinc resistance. These findings suggested that co-selection pressure associated with MDR phenotype, especially TET resistance, and zinc resistance may have played a significant role in the emergence and persistence of CC398 LA-MRSA in pig farms in Korea.
Diet-Induced Occlusive Coronary Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiac Dysfunction, and Premature Death in Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-Deficient, Hypomorphic Apolipoprotein ER61 Mice (2005)

The SR-BI KO/ApoeR61(h/h) mouse is a new model of diet-induced occlusive coronary atherosclerosis and CHD (myocardial infarction, cardiac dysfunction and premature death), allowing control of the age of onset, duration, severity, and possibly regression of disease. Thus, SR-BI KO/ApoeR61(h/h) mice have the potential to contribute to our understanding of CHD and its prevention and treatment.
"Spurious Supression Semi-lumped UWB Bandpass Filter (2009)

International audience
Cold Spray Coatings of Complex Concentrated Alloys: Critical Assessment of Milestones, Challenges, and Opportunities (2023)

Complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) are structural and functional materials of the future with excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Due to the equiatomic compositions of these alloys, cost can hinder scalability. Thus, the development of CCA-based coatings is critical for low-cost applications. The application of cold spray technology to CCAs is in its infancy with emphasis on transition elements of the periodic table. Current CCA-based cold spray coating systems showed better adhesion, cohesion, and mechanical properties than conventional one-principal element-based alloys. Comprehensive mechanical behavior, microstructural evolution, deformation, and cracking of cold spray CC-based coatings on the same and different substrates are reviewed. Techniques such as analytical models, finite element analysis, and molecular dynamic simulations are reviewed. The implications of the core effects (high configurational entropy and enthalpy of mixing, sluggish diffusion, severe lattice distortion, and cocktail behavior) and interfacial nanoscale oxides on the structural integrity of cold spray CCA-based coatings are discussed. The mechanisms of adiabatic heating, jetting, and mechanical interlocking, characteristics of cold spray, and areas for future research are highlighted.
Statistical correlation of gain and buildup time in APDs and its effects on receiver performance (2006)

This paper reports a novel recurrence theory that enables us to calculate the exact joint probability density function (pdf) of the random gain and the random avalanche buildup time in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) including the effect of dead space. Such calculations reveal a strong statistical correlation between the gain and the buildup time for all widths of the multiplication region. To facilitate the calculation of the photocurrent statistics in the presence of this correlation, the impulse-response function of the APD is approximately modeled by a function of time whose prespecified shape is appropriately parameterized by two random variables: the gain and the buildup time. The evaluation of the variance of the photocurrent under this model leads to the definition of the shot-noise-equivalent bandwidth of the APD, which captures the statistical correlation between the gain and the buildup time. It is shown that the shot-noise-equivalent bandwidth in GaAs APDs is greater, by approximately 30%, than the traditional buildup-time-limited 3-dB bandwidth, which is calculated from the mean of the impulse-response function. A thorough analysis of the performance of APD-based integrate-and-dump digital receivers reveals that the strong correlation between the gain and the buildup time accentuates intersymbol interference (ISI) noise, and thus, adversely affects receiver sensitivity at high transmission rates beyond previously known limits.
Abstract 2700: The use of a novel receptor targeted (CD206) Tc99m-labeled intraoperative node mapping agent for preoperative SPECT/CT in imaging head/neck cancer, breast cancer and melanoma Phase 3 trials: Localization and concordance in lymph nodes (2012)

Abstract The intraoperative lymphaticmapping (ILM) concept, based on evidence that colored agents injected into tissues leads to tracing of the agents into lymphatic structures, has carried over from observations dating back to the 1920s. The modern concept of using the pathological status of the lymph nodes to decide whether regional lymphatic clearance should be done was clearly articulated by Cabanas in 1977. Refinement of the concept as it would be reduced to a practical methodology of lymph node identification both in Europe and the United States began in earnest in the 1990s. Development of the application of sentinel node mapping has been built upon the concept of an anatomic/biologic nexus between the solid tumor bed and the immediate versus the distal lymphatic structures. It is the “biological proximity” that defines the probability of found disease in the adnexa, between the tumor bed and the lymphatic structures. It is inferred that the probability of disseminated disease in any lymphatic anatomy is highest when anatomic or biologic nexuses actually exist, as opposed to the lack of any anatomic nexuses where disease dissemination probabilities in lymphatic structures are lowest. To date, agents that have been employed in this procedure bear only simple designs that utilize simple physiologic pulse/draining of the lymphatics and provide no specificity for targeting the lymphatic tissue of interest. We present here patient results of three Phase III studies in head/neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and melanoma where a novel 99mTc-labeled receptor targeted agent (99mTc-tilmanocept) not only out performed standard of care agents, but lent itself to remarkable concordance of intraoperative nodal localization with preoperative SPECT/CT imaging. The conclusion of these studies is that 99mTc-tilmanocept provides higher localization rates, degree of localization, lower failed detection rates, and reliable concordance between imaging and intraoperative findings. This work was supported by Neoprobe Corporation, Dublin, OH 43017 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2700. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2700
Development of novel polymeric binders (1997)

Certain technologically advanced coating systems for defence use require organic binders with elevated infrared (IR) transparency. This thesis comprises the first phase of a study to try and produce materials which meet these requirements. A materials evaluation programme was completed using preordained selection criteria. An in-depth study was made of one family of the shortlisted candidate materials: linear poly(methoxy-cyanurate)s. These thermally stable polymers were prepared by phase transfer polymerisation of dichlorotriazines with aromatic bisphenois. The samples were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The transparency of the materials was determined using a hemispherical directional reflectometer. At thicknesses of 50 mum, the spectral emissivity of the linear poly(methoxy-cyanurate)s was of the order of 0.25 between 3 and 5 mum and 0.65 between 8 and 12 mum. The linear poly(methoxy-cyanurate)s typically underwent major decomposition at temperatures greater than 300 &amp;deg;C in nitrogen and air. These new materials are more transparent and thermally stable than the poly(urethane) binders currently used in many defence coatings. However, spectral data and model compound studies suggest that poly(methoxy-cyanurate)s isomerise at temperatures above 200 &amp;deg;C. This is contrary to the hypotheses of other workers in the field. Computer simulation methods, evaluated in the course of the study, were used as an aid to assignment of IR spectra and to investigate strategies for improving upon the IR transparency of the poly(methoxy-cyanurate)s between 8 and 12 mum. Novel linear poly(methoxy-thiocyanurate)s and terpoly(methoxy-cyanurate-thiocyanurate)s were prepared to try and improve upon the thermochemical stability and spectral transparency of the simple cyanurate polymers. These materials were characterised using the methods listed above. All steps which were taken to try and improve the spectral transparency of the polymers between 8 and 12 mum failed due to problems with overlapping bands. In light of the project findings, certain material selection criteria have been modified. Suggestions for future research based on these new guidelines are made at the end of the thesis.