gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promoting understanding of chemical representations: Students' use of a visualization tool in the classroom (2001)

Abstract Many students have difficulty learning symbolic and molecular representations of chemistry. This study investigated how students developed an understanding of chemical representations with the aid of a computer‐based visualizing tool, eChem, that allowed them to build molecular models and view multiple representations simultaneously. Multiple sources of data were collected with the participation of 71 eleventh graders at a small public high school over a 6‐week period. The results of pre‐ and posttests showed that students' understanding of chemical representations improved substantially ( p &lt; .001, effect size = 2.68‐. The analysis of video recordings revealed that several features in eChem helped students construct models and translate representations. Students who were highly engaged in discussions while using eChem made referential linkages between visual and conceptual aspects of representations. This in turn may have deepened their understanding of chemical representations and concepts. The findings also suggest that computerized models can serve as a vehicle for students to generate mental images. Finally, students demonstrated their preferences of certain types of representations and did not use all types of three‐dimensional models interchangeably. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 821–842, 2001
Delivery of completed irradiation vehicles and the quality assurance document to the High Flux Isotope Reactor for irradiation (2015)

This report details the initial fabrication and delivery of two Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCRD) irradiation capsules (ATFSC01 and ATFSC02), with associated quality assurance documentation, to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The capsules and documentation were delivered by September 30, 2015, thus meeting the deadline for milestone M3FT-15OR0202268. These irradiation experiments are testing silicon carbide composite tubes in order to obtain experimental validation of thermo-mechanical models of stress states in SiC cladding irradiated under a prototypic high heat flux. This document contains a copy of the completed capsule fabrication request sheets, which detail all constituent components, pertinent drawings, etc., along with a detailed summary of the capsule assembly process performed by the Thermal Hydraulics and Irradiation Engineering Group (THIEG) in the Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division (RNSD). A complete fabrication package record is maintained by the THIEG and is available upon request.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Profiling Bortezomib Resistance Identifies Secondary Therapies in a Mouse Myeloma Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 166K, Bortezomib death profiles of mouse and human plasma cell lines for gene expression profiling.&lt;/p&gt;
Conformational stability of simusan—an exocellular lipopolysaccharideAcenitobacter sp. (1996)

By the heating of diluted solutions of simusan—an anionic exocellular lipopolysaccharide of Acenitobacter sp.—an endothermic, presumably, conformational transition occurs. Specific features of this transition are its high cooperativity and the reduction of the transition heat by the decrease of the temperature scanning rate. The temperature of the transition is a linear function of the logarithm of the concentration of NaCl or KCl. The conformational transition appears to be accompanied by an athermic transition that manifests itself in the additional change of the specific heat. Divalent metal ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) increase the temperature and the enthalpy of the transition to a greater extent than monovalent ions do. The cooperativity of the transition in the presence of divalent metal ions is higher than in the presence of monovalent metal ions. The removal of hydrophobic groups leads to the decrease both of the temperature and the cooperativity of the conformational transition of simusan. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deficiency of Melanoma Differentiation–associated Protein 5 Results in Exacerbated Chronic Postviral Lung Inflammation (2014)

MDA5 modulates the development of chronic lung inflammation by regulating the early inflammatory response in the lung.
Changes in Thyrotropin (TSH) Carbohydrate Structure and Response to TSH-Releasing Hormone during Postnatal Ontogeny: Analysis by Concanavalin-A Chromatography* (1987)

We have studied the carbohydrate structure of TSH as well as its response to TRH during postnatal ontogenesis in the rat using Concanavalin-A (Con A)-Sepharose chromatography of labeled glycopeptides. Pituitaries from neonatal (5-day-old) rats with low levels of endogenous TRH and mature (56-day-old) rats were incubated for 24 h in medium containing [3H] glucosamine in the presence or absence of 10(-7) M TRH. Both intracellular and secreted TSH were immunoprecipitated, treated with Pronase to generate glycopeptides, and analyzed by chromatography on Con A-Sepharose. The total amount of [3H]glucosamine-labeled TSH was greater per pituitary in mature rats compared to that in neonatal rats (P less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the groups in the concentration of total labeled TSH per microgram pituitary DNA. RIA determination of total TSH was greater in the older animals than in the younger animals when normalized both per pituitary and per microgram pituitary DNA (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively). However, for both labeled and unlabeled TSH the percentage of TSH secreted was greater in mature rats than in neonatal rats (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.01, respectively), indicating a less active hormonal secretory process in the younger animals. In control animals, the proportion of labeled TSH glycopeptides that did not bind to Con A was greater in 56- than in 5-day-old animals for both intrapituitary and secreted forms (P less than 0.01), reflecting a shift toward more multiantennary and/or bisected biantennary complex carbohydrate structures in the older animals. In response to TRH in vitro, the total amount of labeled secreted TSH was increased more than 2-fold in both 5-day-old (P less than 0.05) and 56-day-old (P = NS) animals. However, there was a marked difference in the glycopeptide distribution between these two ages. Five-day-old animals showed a small but not significant decrease in the percentage of secreted TSH glycopeptides that bound to Con A-Sepharose, while 56-day-old animals had a specific increase in the glycopeptide fractions that bound and corresponded to biantennary complex and/or unusual hybrid forms (P less than 0.01). These studies in the rat suggest differences in TSH carbohydrate structure and secretion as well as a differential response to TRH during postnatal ontogenesis.
RTP Payload Format for ITU-T Rec. H.263 Video (2007)

This document describes a scheme to packetize an H.263 video stream for transport using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) with any of the underlying protocols that carry RTP.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cerium in Carbonate Solution (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Cerium in Carbonate SolutionNicholas. Conca and Charles. MerrittCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 8, 1264–1268Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60116a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60116a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TRUNet: Transformer-Recurrent-U Network for Multi-channel Reverberant Sound Source Separation (2022)

In recent years, many deep learning techniques for single-channel sound source separation have been proposed using recurrent, convolutional and transformer networks.When multiple microphones are available, spatial diversity between speakers and background noise in addition to spectro-temporal diversity can be exploited by using multi-channel filters for sound source separation.Aiming at end-to-end multi-channel source separation, in this paper we propose a transformerrecurrent-U network (TRUNet), which directly estimates multi-channel filters from multi-channel input spectra.TRUNet consists of a spatial processing network with an attention mechanism across microphone channels aiming at capturing the spatial diversity, and a spectrotemporal processing network aiming at capturing spectral and temporal diversities.In addition to multi-channel filters, we also consider estimating single-channel filters from multi-channel input spectra using TRUNet.We train the network on a large reverberant dataset using a proposed combined compressed mean-squared error loss function, which further improves the sound separation performance.We evaluate the network on a realistic and challenging reverberant dataset, generated from measured room impulse responses of an actual microphone array.The experimental results on realistic reverberant sound source separation show that the proposed TRUNet outperforms state-of-the-art single-channel and multi-channel source separation methods.
Figure S5 from Immunologic Characterization and T cell Receptor Repertoires of Expanded Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5 shows representative gating strategies for the co-culture assays with different timepoints (6h, 48h) and conditions (baseline, unstimulated, T-cell stimulated).&lt;/p&gt;
Applications of Micro-Indentation Technology to Estimate Fracture Toughness of Shale (2020)

The fracture toughness of shale is a basic parameter that can provide effective theoretical support for wellbore stability and hydraulic fracturing of a shale reservoir. Due to the composition and microstructure, there are many problems in evaluating the mechanical properties of shale in a macroscopic test. In this paper, the composition and pore distribution of shale were studied by X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the pore structure. The setting of experimental parameters and the selection of the indenter were discussed. Micro-indentation technique was proposed and applied to fracture toughness analysis of shale. The results show that Berkovich indenter is more suitable for shale indentation test than Vickers indenter. Fracture toughness of shale indentation is obviously affected by surface roughness and indentation position. Fracture toughness of shale decreases slightly with the increase of the indentation load. The energy analysis result presents that the effect of cracking on the ratio of total/unloading work is minimal when there is no significant stripping on the shale surface. Compared with the experimental method, energy methods can obtain all the analysis parameters from a single indentation test. The results of comparative analysis with macroscopic experiments display that micro-indentation test can effectively predict the macroscopic fracture toughness of shale.
Field assessment of trace element uptake by six vegetables from N‐Viro Soil (1997)

A field experiment was conducted to measure the uptake of selected trace elements (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by six vegetable crops (cabbage, carrot, dry bean, lettuce, potato, and tomato) from a single large (500 mt/ha) application of N‐Viro Soil, an advanced alkaline stabilized biosolids product. Crops were grown for 3 yr (1993, 1994, 1995) after application of the biosolids in 1992. Differences among the metals for uptake by the different crops were consistent and were overall in the order: Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Cd &gt; Pb. This reflects both the total soil content (Zn &gt; Pb &gt; Ni = Cu &gt; Cd) and intrinsic solubilities of the metals in soil (Cd &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Pb). Trace element plant uptake declined from 1993 to 1995. In general, lettuce, bean, and tomato had the highest relative trace element concentrations and cabbage the lowest, and the carrot and potato peels were elevated only in Pb compared with the flesh. Plant uptake response slopes were low compared with literature values and often negative, and the results suggest that large applications of the test material pose no threat to the food chain from trace element uptake by crops.
20.2: Drive Waveforms for Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays (2003)

Abstract Microencapsulated electrophoretic (MEP) displays are promising candidates for smart handheld applications, where ease of reading and ultra‐low power consumption are of primary importance. A thorough study of the electro‐optic response characteristics of MEP systems has led to the development of a variety of novel drive waveforms that can be used to generate 1‐ bit, multi‐bit grayscale and full‐color images on MEP displays.
Temperature compensation of VHF-band lumped-element ferrite circulator for wireless communication application (2005)

The ferrite circulators have found wide applications in many civil and military fields, such as communications, radars and so on. In this paper, except for selecting suitable ferrite material, one kind of peculiar alloy has been employed to guarantee the optimization and temperature stabilization of the ferrite circulator. The prototype based on the design considerations has been constructed; the measured data have indicated the good performance in the whole band (140 MHz-180 MHz). In addition, no obvious degradations of performances has been observed when the ambient temperature has varied over the range 0/spl deg/C to 70/spl deg/C, the 20 dB isolation has been guaranteed throughout the temperature range of interest.
Transfection of Transformed <i>Shiverer </i>Mouse Glial Cell Lines (1990)

In the course of studies on glial cell differentiation in the mouse mutant shiverer, we have established by infection with a temperature-sensitive retrovirus encoding the SV40 T antigen a few glial cell lines that divide rapidly at 33 degrees C, the permissive temperature, and whose phenotypes at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C) resemble either astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. One astrocyte-like clone (clone SF11) expresses glial fibrillary acidic protein at 33 degrees C and expresses this marker strongly at 39 degrees C as well. One oligodendrocyte-like clone (DM5) that we have succeeded in maintaining at 33 degrees C can be induced to express galactocerebroside and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase at the elevated temperature but never expresses the more differentiated markers of the myelination state, such as the myelin proteolipid protein or the myelin-associated glycoprotein. Clone DM5, as is the case with other oligodendrocyte clones we have prepared by the method described here, is quite fragile and survives for only several (5-6) days at the higher temperature. Both clonal lines can serve as host cells for expressible cDNAs introduced by transfection, such as the neurofilament protein, NF-M, and the small myelin basic protein.
Operator experience and long term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. (2003)

Less experienced high volume operators seem to achieve similar long term results as more experienced high volume operators.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Intracranial Leptomeningeal Disease (2021)

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) (otherwise known as leptomeningeal metastasis, neoplastic meningitis, or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis) describes the spread of tumor cells into the leptomeninges (comprising the arachnoid mater and pia mater) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the subarachnoid space. Therapeutic options and their effectiveness for patients with LMD are generally limited. Radiotherapy has long been an established treatment option and is primarily delivered as WBRT, focal spinal radiotherapy, or craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in carefully selected patients to palliate symptoms. Recently, there has been a shift in practice from WBRT to focal stereotactic radiosurgery or hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS/HSRT) for patients with limited parenchymal brain metastases. Accordingly, recent reports have suggested that focal SRS/HSRT may have a role in certain patients with limited LMD. The use of HSRT/SRS for highly selected patients with focal LMD may be a viable treatment option, although it is controversial, given a lack of supportive high-level clinical data.
CHAPTER 5. Bristol-Myers Squibb: Preparation of Chiral Intermediates for the Development of Drugs and APIs (2017)

The production of single enantiomers of key chiral intermediates has become increasingly important for the development of drugs. Demand for chiral compounds continues to rise in the pharmaceutical industry due to federal regulations covering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and the recognition that enantiomers of a chiral compound could have dramatically different biological activities and toxicity. In this area, there are a number of advantages in using biocatalysis over chemical synthesis. Typically, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are highly enantioselective, regioselective and do not require protection and deprotection steps during synthesis. They can be carried out at ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure in aqueous systems, and are often regarded as green processes that avoid the use of more extreme conditions used in chemical reactions which could cause undesirable side reactions. Microbial cells and enzymes (biocatalysts) can be immobilized and reused for many cycles, and enzymes are generally over-expressed in suitable hosts such as Escherichia coli to make enzymatic processes economically efficient, safer and cheaper. The preparation of thermostable, pH stable, organic solvent tolerant and highly active biocatalysts towards substrates by random and site-directed mutagenesis by directed evolution has led to the production of novel biocatalysts to be used under desired process conditions. This chapter describes the synthesis of key intermediates for the synthesis of APIS by biocatalysis at Bristol-Myers Squibb to provide sustainable, energy efficient and economical processes.
Data from Combination Therapy Targeting BCL6 and Phospho-STAT3 Defeats Intratumor Heterogeneity in a Subset of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Oncogene-specific changes in cellular signaling have been widely observed in lung cancer. Here, we investigated how these alterations could affect signaling heterogeneity and suggest novel therapeutic strategies. We compared signaling changes across six human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) strains that were systematically transformed with various combinations of &lt;i&gt;TP53, KRAS&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt;—oncogenic alterations commonly found in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We interrogated at single-cell resolution how these alterations could affect classic readouts (β-CATENIN, SMAD2/3, phospho-STAT3, P65, FOXO1, and phospho-ERK1/2) of key pathways commonly affected in NSCLC. All three oncogenic alterations were required concurrently to observe significant signaling changes, and significant heterogeneity arose in this condition. Unexpectedly, we found two mutually exclusive altered subpopulations: one with STAT3 upregulation and another with SMAD2/3 downregulation. Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor eliminated the upregulated STAT3 subpopulation, but left a large surviving subpopulation with downregulated SMAD2/3. A bioinformatics search identified &lt;i&gt;BCL6&lt;/i&gt;, a gene downstream of SMAD2/3, as a novel pharmacologically accessible target of our transformed HBECs. Combination treatment with STAT3 and BCL6 inhibitors across a panel of NSCLC cell lines and in xenografted tumors significantly reduced tumor cell growth. We conclude that BCL6 is a new therapeutic target in NSCLC and combination therapy that targets multiple vulnerabilities (STAT3 and BCL6) downstream of common oncogenes, and tumor suppressors may provide a potent way to defeat intratumor heterogeneity. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(11); 3070–81. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
EGFR Promotes Lung Tumorigenesis by Activating miR-7 through a Ras/ERK/Myc Pathway That Targets the Ets2 Transcriptional Repressor ERF (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) mediate distinct gene regulatory pathways triggered by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, which occurs commonly in lung cancers with poor prognosis. In this study, we report the discovery and mechanistic characterization of the miRNA miR-7 as an oncogenic "oncomiR" and its role as a key mediator of EGFR signaling in lung cancer cells. EGFR activation or ectopic expression of Ras as well as c-Myc stimulated miR-7 expression in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner, suggesting that EGFR induces miR-7 expression through a Ras/ERK/Myc pathway. In support of this likelihood, c-Myc bound to the miR-7 promoter and enhanced its activity. Ectopic miR-7 promoted cell growth and tumor formation in lung cancer cells, significantly increasing the mortality of nude mice hosts, which were orthotopically implanted with lung cancers. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that miR-7 decreased levels of the Ets2 transcriptional repression factor ERF, the coding sequence of which was found to contain a miR-7 complementary sequence. Indeed, ectopic miR-7 inhibited production of ERF messages with a wild-type but not a silently mutated coding sequence, and ectopic miR-7 rescued growth arrest produced by wild-type but not mutated ERF. Together, these results identified that ERF is a direct target of miR-7 in lung cancer. Our findings suggest that miR-7 may act as an important modulator of EGFR-mediated oncogenesis, with potential applications as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung cancer.
Effectiveness of Lung Transplantation in Patients With Interstitial Lung Diseases (2020)

There is no effective medical treatment for patients with end-stage ILDs. Therefore, lung transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for patients that also extends patients' lives and improves their quality of life.