gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New approach to evaluate the equivalent circulating density (ECD) using artificial intelligence techniques (2018)

The equivalent circulation density (ECD) is a very important parameter in drilling high-pressure high-temperature and deepwater wells. ECD is a key parameter during drilling through formations where the margin between the pore pressure and the fracture pressure (FP) is narrow. In these critical formations, the ECD is used to control the formation pressure and prevent kicks. Recent approaches in oilfields to determine ECD depend mainly on using expensive downhole sensors for providing real-time values of ECD. Most of these tools have operational limitations such as high pressure and high temperature which may prevent using these tools in downhole conditions. The objective of this paper is to develop a new approach for predicting ECD using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques from surface drilling parameters [mud weight, drill pipe pressure, and rate of penetration (ROP)]. 2376 data points were used to develop the AI models. The data were collected during the drilling of an 8.5″ vertical hole section. Two AI models were used to estimate the ECD: artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). An empirical correlation for ECD was derived from the optimized ANN model by extracting the weights and biases. The developed ANN and ANFIS models were able to calculate ECD with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99 and average absolute percentage error of 0.22% for ANN and ANFIS models, respectively. The developed empirical correlation for the ANN model can be used during well design to choose a correct mud weight to safely drill the well based on the expected drilling parameters. It will also minimize the drilling problems related to ECD such as losses or gains especially in critical situations where the margin between the pore and fracture pressure is very narrow. In addition, using this technique will save cost and time by reducing the need for expensive, complicated downhole tools.
Histologic evaluation of the atrioventricular nodal artery in healthy humans and in patients with conduction disturbances. (2000)

The anatomy of the conduction system of the heart so relevant in the contemporary invasive cardiology is not fully understood. It has turned out that ablation procedures bring new information as to its structure and function, but in some cases can result in complete a-v block. Atrioventricular nodal artery located within the nodal-perinodal tissue can probably be damaged during the ablation procedures. Therefore, we decided to explore in detail the morphology and the topography of the atrioventricular nodal artery in healthy humans and in patients with clinical traits of a-v conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacing. The microscopic study was carried out on 30 normal human hearts specimens (17 F, 3 M) from 17 to 86 years of age, and on 20 hearts with conduction disturbances (11 F, 9 M) from 39 to 85 years of age. We found that the number of the atrioventricular node arteries is different and independent of the extent that induces block causing conduction disturbances. The topography of the artery in perinodal zone was consistent in normal hearts, yet in hearts with conduction disturbances we observed about 2% of deviations in its location. It might be the reason for generation of iatrogenic complications after invasive cardiological procedures. The morphology revealed changes in 50% of the examined hearts and their vessel walls, which was declared to be connected with ageing. This correlated with certain stages of atherosclerosis as well as hypertension characteristic of elderly patients. We observed that in 33% of hearts from control group small parietal thrombi were detected and in 60% of paced group respectively. Hence, it seems that the procedures in perinodal zone should be performed in its proximal part because of a minor probability of direct and indirect (through nodal artery) damage of the atrioventricular structure of the junction.
Theory of light-induced deformation of azobenzene elastomers: Influence of network structure (2012)

Azobenzene elastomers have been extensively explored in the last decade as photo-deformable smart materials which are able to transform light energy into mechanical stress. Presently, there is a great need for theoretical approaches to accurately predict the quantitative response of these materials based on their microscopic structure. Recently, we proposed a theory of light-induced deformation of azobenzene elastomers using a simple regular cubic network model [V. Toshchevikov, M. Saphiannikova, and G. Heinrich, J. Phys. Chem. B 116, 913 (2012)]. In the present study, we extend the previous theory using more realistic network models which take into account the random orientation of end-to-end vectors of network strands as well as the molecular weight distribution of the strands. Interaction of the chromophores with the linearly polarized light is described by an effective orientation potential which orients the chromophores perpendicular to the polarization direction. We show that both monodisperse and polydisperse azobenzene elastomers can demonstrate either a uniaxial expansion or contraction along the polarization direction. The sign of deformation (expansion/contraction) depends on the orientation distribution of chromophores with respect to the main chains which is defined by the chemical structure and by the lengths of spacers. The degree of cross-linking and the polydispersity of network strands do not affect the sign of deformation but influence the magnitude of light-induced deformation. We demonstrate that photo-mechanical properties of mono- and poly-disperse azobenzene elastomers with random spatial distribution of network strands can be described in a very good approximation by a regular cubic network model with an appropriately chosen length of the strands.
Evaluation of infections of the locomotor system with indium-111-labeled human IgG scintigraphy. (1997)

Indium-111-IgG scintigraphy is a very sensitive tool for detection of infectious bone and joint disease. Moreover, when uptake patterns of 111In-IgG, which are characteristic for sterile inflammation, are excluded, infection can be ruled out with a high degree of certainty.
Investigation of lead zirconate-lead titanate glass-ceramics for high energy storage devices. Research and development technical report (1975)

Glass-ceramic compositions prepared from lead zirconate-lead titanate and lead strontium titanate have been prepared for application as dielectrics in glass-ceramic energy storage capacitors. Lead zirconate-lead titanate solid solution was devitrified from a glass; however, the resultant body was deficient in lead zirconate. A lead strontium titanate glass-ceramic was prepared which had a dielectric constant of about 500. This composition could be developed further for potential use in energy storage capacitors. Several monolithic units were manufactured in the Laboratory in an attempt to demonstrate feasibility of the composition with this type of processing.
LOUP (2012)

We consider the intra-AS route dissemination problem from first principles, and illustrate that when known route dissemination techniques propagate even a single external routing change, they can cause transient anomalies. These anomalies are not fundamental; they are artifacts of the order in which existing proposals disseminate routes. We show that carefully ordering route updates avoids transient looping and black holes. Perhaps surprisingly, this ordering may be enforced in a completely distributed fashion, while retaining familiar correctness, scalability, and convergence properties.
Pulsed laser annealing of P-implanted diamond (1993)

Diamond deeply implanted with 4 MeV P ions to a dose of 1×1015/cm2 is annealed by a focused pulsed laser that is selectively absorbed by the implanted damaged layer. Laser treatment with multiple pulses at ever increasing power leads to excellent regrowth as measured by channeling Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, surface profilometry, and by optical transmission. The importance of the deep implantation and the potential of this method for doping diamond is demonstrated.
Characterization of an acidic tripeptide in neurotoxic dialysate. (1980)

An acidic tripeptide was isolated from neurotoxic dialysate by ultrafiltration with an Amicon Centriflo DM-5 membrane, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-15 and Sephadex G-10, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The tripeptide thus obtained was identified as H-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH by amino acid analysis, Edman degradation, and measurement of physical constants and analytical data in comparison with those of the authentic tripeptide. This tripeptide inhibited LDH activity.
In-silico structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of pathogen-associated molecular pattern RaxX21 (2017)

The first layer of defence mechanism in plant known as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) begins with the sense of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). During the event PRRs bind with PAMPs and recruit co-receptor protein to activate the defence signal. To understand the mechanism properly, modeling of 3D structure of PAMPs and analysis of its structure is of huge importance. Although several plant PRRs have been discovered, but very few PAMPs have been discovered and characterized. This study describes the computational 3D modeling approach of a PAMP protein, RaxX21 and its important atomic characteristics. 3D structure shows that RaxX21 is mainly composed of coil structure. Also 500 ns MD simulation study reveals that sulfation at its tyrosine region which is done by the bacteria itself before secretion, remarkably improves the stability of RaxX21 which may contribute significantly in case of PTI.
Computation of Infrared Cooling Rates in the Water Vapor Bands (1980)

A fast but accurate method for calculating the infrared radiative terms due to water vapor has been developed. It makes use of the behavior in the far wings of absorption lines to scale transmission along an inhomogencous path to an equivalent homogeneous path. Rather than using standard conditions for scaling, the reference temperatures and pressures are chosen in this study to correspond to the-regions where cooling is most significant. This greatly increases the accuracy of the new method. Compared to line-by-line calculations, the new method has errors up to 4% of the maximum cooling rate, while a commonly used method based on the Goody band model (Rodgers and Walshaw, 1966) introduces errors up to 11%. The effect of temperature dependence of transmittance has also been evaluated; the cooling rate errors range up to 11% when the temperature-dependence is ignored. In addition to being more accurate, the new method is much faster than those based on the Goody band model.
Purification and characterization of toluene 2-monooxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia G4 (1995)

Recent in vivo studies indicate that ring monooxygenation is a widespread mechanism by which bacteria metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons and obtain carbon and energy. In this study, toluene 2-monooxygenase from Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) cepacia G4 was purified to homogeneity and found to be a three-component enzyme system. The reconstituted enzyme system oxidized toluene to o-cresol and o-cresol to 3-methylcatechol, an important intermediate for growth of the bacterium on toluene. Steady-state kinetic parameters measured for the water-soluble substrate o-cresol were a Km of 0.8 microM and a Vmax of 131 nmol min-1 (mg of hydroxylase protein)-1. The three protein components were (1) a 40 kDa polypeptide containing one FAD and a [2Fe2S] cluster, (2) a 10.4 kDa polypeptide that contained no identifiable metals or organic cofactors, and (3) a 211 kDa alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 component containing five to six iron atoms. The 40 kDa flavo-iron-sulfur protein oxidized NADH and transferred electrons to cytochrome c, dyes, and the alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 component. It is analogous to other NADH oxidoreductase components found in a wide range of bacterial mono- and dioxygenases. The 10.4 kDa component, added to the other two components and NADH, increased toluene oxidation rates 10-fold. The alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 component was indicated to contain the site for toluene binding and hydroxylation by the following observations: (1) tight binding to a toluene affinity column; (2) oxidation of toluene after reduction of the protein with dithionite and adding O2; (3) H2O2-dependent toluene oxidation and catalase activity; and (4) spectroscopic studies of the iron atoms in the component. The alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 component had no significant absorbance in the visible region. EPR spectroscopy yielded a signal at g = 16 upon addition of > 2 equiv of electrons per 2 Fe atoms. Taken with the quantitation of five to six iron atoms, the data suggest that the alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 component contains two binuclear iron centers. In total, the structural, spectroscopic, and catalytic features of toluene 2-monooxygenase are reminiscent of soluble methane monooxygenase obtained from methanotrophic bacteria. The two enzyme systems also differ in many subtle ways; for example, they oxidize toluene with completely different regiospecificity.
Performance evaluation of a token ring network with dual latency stations (2003)

The authors present a method for performance improvement of token ring networks that is based on the use of stations with two latency states. A station is able to enter a lower latency state whenever its message queue is empty. They present a detailed evaluation and comparison of network performance, based on both analytical and simulation results. The performance of a dual latency token ring is analyzed for the case of limited-to-one service, symmetric traffic, and is compared to the performance of a conventional token ring operating with limited-to-one, gated, or exhaustive service. The authors use discrete-event simulation to model the behavior and performance of a duel latency ring with asymmetric traffic, and compare with the above three service disciplines. Results show a significant reduction in mean waiting time for the dual latency ring, with performance approaching or exceeding that of gated and exhaustive service, for certain ranges of network utilization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stress-Induced Cytokinin Synthesis Increases Drought Tolerance through the Coordinated Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation in Rice (2013)

The effects of water deficit on carbon and nitrogen metabolism were investigated in flag leaves of wild-type and transgenic rice (Oryza sativa japonica 'Kitaake') plants expressing ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE (IPT; encoding the enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step in cytokinin synthesis) under the control of P(SARK), a maturation- and stress-induced promoter. While the wild-type plants displayed inhibition of photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation during water stress, neither carbon nor nitrogen assimilation was affected by stress in the transgenic P(SARK)::IPT plants. In the transgenic plants, photosynthesis was maintained at control levels during stress and the flag leaf showed increased sucrose (Suc) phosphate synthase activity and reduced Suc synthase and invertase activities, leading to increased Suc contents. The sustained carbon assimilation in the transgenic P(SARK)::IPT plants was well correlated with enhanced nitrate content, higher nitrate reductase activity, and sustained ammonium contents, indicating that the stress-induced cytokinin synthesis in the transgenic plants played a role in maintaining nitrate acquisition. Protein contents decreased and free amino acids increased in wild-type plants during stress, while protein content was preserved in the transgenic plants. Our results indicate that the stress-induced cytokinin synthesis in the transgenic plants promoted sink strengthening through a cytokinin-dependent coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism that facilitates an enhanced tolerance of the transgenic plants to water deficit.
The Agreement between TNFi Treatment Responses and Fatigue Responses Is Weak to Moderate Suggesting Heterogeneity between Experienced Fatigue and Joint Inflammation:A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study (2018)

For a searchable version of these abstracts, please visit www.acrabstracts.org.
The Hunt in Huntington: What Causes Toxicity? (2009)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat mutation in exon 1 of the HD gene. This repeat expansion leads to an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin (htt) protein. Symptoms of HD are associated with hyperkinectivity and include chorea as well as other motor abnormalities. Degeneration is most apparent in a region of the striatum called the caudate putamen. Loss of GABAergic spiny projection neurons in this area leads to motor problems. My lab has made significant contributions to the understanding of HD by developing the commonly used R6/2 transgenic mouse model. The development of this model has led to our discovery of htt protein aggregates in mice and humans, which are presumably associated with neurodegeneration and compromise of the degradation pathway. Evidence suggests that mutant htt alters gene transcription factors (CREB binding protein, and SP1), p53 dependent apoptosis, transport of BDNF, interactions with caspases and proteasomes, as well as mitochondrial function. Treatment strategies include environmental enrichment, anti-apoptosis drugs, and gene therapy. While a cure for HD remains to be uncovered, newly proposed mechanisms of toxicity should lead to promising clinical trials.
A coupled energy transport and hydrological model for urban canopies evaluated using a wireless sensor network (2012)

Abstract We propose a new surface exchange scheme coupling the transport of energy and water in urban canopies. The new model resolves the subfacet heterogeneity of urban surfaces, which is particularly useful for capturing surface exchange processes from vegetated urban surfaces, such as lawns or green roofs. We develop detailed urban hydrological models for surfaces consisting of either natural (soil and vegetation) or engineered materials with water‐holding capacity. The coupling of energy and water transport enables us to parametrize surface evaporation from different urban facets including soils, vegetation and water‐holding engineered surfaces. The new coupled model is evaluated using field measurement data obtained through a wireless sensor network deployed over the Princeton University campus. Comparison of model prediction and measured results shows that the proposed surface exchange scheme is able to predict widely varying surface temperatures for each subfacet with good accuracy. Different weather conditions and seasonal variability are found to have insignificant effect on the model performance. The new model is also able to capture the subsurface hydrological processes with reasonable accuracy, particularly for urban lawns. The proposed model is then applied to assess different mitigation strategies of the urban heat island effect.
The Effect of Polarization on the Quantum Radar Cross Section Response (2017)

The quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is a measure of how electromagnetically “large” an object appears to a quantum radar. The fundamental mechanism that creates the return response is the interaction between the atomic electric dipole moments and the incoming photon. This paper derives the QRCS equation considering the effect of photon polarization in this interaction, as well as providing a means to study bistatic radar geometries. It is found that under normal circumstances, polarization plays no role in the target response. However, if the target's atomic dipoles are all aligned in one particular direction, such as if the object is in a strong uniform or slowly varying field, polarization has a significant effect on the response by allowing us to “steer” the location of a null to any observation angle desired. Furthermore, scattering can be suppressed in a very large range of scattering angles (not just one) if the polarization of the object and photon are chosen judiciously. It will be shown that this effect is unique to quantum radar and has no classical counterpart.
Evaluation of 157-nm resist structure: outgassing relationship using in situ QCM technique (2004)

An in-situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method was applied to quantitatively measure the outgassing from 157-nm resists, i.e., fluorinated cyclopolymer (FCP) and its derivatives blocked with alkoxymethyl ether units, in real time. The frequency change of quartz crystal coated with resist films was monitored during exposure and the mass desorbed from the resist films was calculated as amounts of outgassing. The sensitivity of the present QCM system was about 1 ng. The outgassing rate from FCP was much lower than FCP blocked with alkoxymethyl ether moiety, suggesting that the outgassing was mainly caused from the blocking units. Acidic components in outgassing were quantitatively measured by in-situ QCM technique using the quartz crystal coated with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) or a copolymer (DMEST) of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and styrene. The acidic materials adsorbed on quart crystal were monitored during exposure and the mass adsorbed was calculated. The amount of acidic compounds in outgassing was dependent on fluorine content of the resist polymers.
Texture-based watermarking of 3D objects (2004)

The goal of all current 3D object watermarking algorithms is to protect either the computer data representing an object's geometry or the intrinsic shape of a 3D object. Observing that these methods cannot protect the use of 3D objects in terms of visual representation, we propose a completely different approach, based on the texture of 3D objects. The idea is to watermark the texture of a 3D object and then be able to retrieve the watermark from any 2D representation of the object. This method works by reconstructing the object's texture from a given 2D view of it. For this, the rendering parameters must be known or estimated. After evaluating our algorithm in a controlled environment we thus propose a projective registration algorithm allowing us to accurately estimate the perspective projection used to produce a given 2D view. The last part of this thesis presents an algorithm for hiding the geometry of a 3D object into its texture image. The originality of this data-hiding algorithm is that the hidden information is intimately linked to the host information. We want to preserve this link of spatial coherence as well as ensure that the retrieved data degrades progressively when the host information is degraded. This is achieved through a spatio-frequential representation of geometry and texture, which are both represented as a function of cylindrical coordinates.
Sync Class (2018)

The engagement of students in a classroom is an important factor in education. Teachers are not only expected to possess strong teaching skills but also be simultaneously attentive to their students. Researchers have found that the most effective teaching happens when students in the room are in sync with one another.[1]